bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of quality of life in patients after surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Tokarek Tomasz , Siudak Zbigniew , Dziewierz Artur , Sobczyński Robert , Zasada Wojciech , Sorysz Danuta , Olszewska‐Wityńska Katarzyna , Bryniarski Krzysztof , Krawczyk‐Ożóg Agata , Żabówka Anna , Sadowski Jerzy , Dudek Dariusz 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini‐thoracotomy, mini‐sternotomy, MIAVR) have become an appealing alternative to conventional surgical (SAVR) treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in high‐risk patients.BackgroundAim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in patients with AS and treated with transfemoral TAVI, SAVR, mini‐thoracotomy and mini‐sternotomy.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐three patients with symptomatic AS were enrolled in 2011–2013. TAVI group consisted of 39 patients (22.5%), mini‐sternotomy was performed in 44 patients (25.5%), mini‐thoracotomy in 50 (29%), and AVR in 40 patients (23%). QoL was assessed perioperatively, 12 and 24 months after aortic valve replacement (AVR) by Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and EQ‐5D‐3L.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 583.5 (IQR: 298–736) days. Improvement of health status after procedure in comparison with pre‐operative period was significantly more often reported after TAVI in perioperative period (90.3%; P = 0.004) and 12 months after procedure (100%, P = 0.02). Global MLHFQ, physical and emotional dimension score at 30‐day from AVR presented significant improvement after TAVI in comparison with surgical methods (respectively: 8.3(±8.6), P = 0.003; 4.1(±5.9), P = 0.01; 1.5(±2.6), P = 0.005). Total MLHFQ score was significantly lower (better outcome) in TAVI patients 1 year after procedure (4.8(±6.8), P = 0.004), no differences in somatic and emotional component were found. No differences were found in MLHFQ score 24 months after AVR. Data from EQ‐D5‐3L questionnaire demonstrated significant improvement of QoL at 30‐day follow‐up after TAVI in comparison with surgical methods (1.2(±1.7), P = 0.0008).ConclusionsTAVI improves QoL in perioperative and 12 months observation in comparison with mini‐thoracotomy, mini‐sternotomy and SAVR. Improvement in QoL was obtained in both generic and disease specific questionnaires. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A DFT Study on the Conversion of Aryl Iodides to Alkyl Iodides: Reductive Elimination of R−I from Alkylpalladium Iodide Complexes with Accessible β‐Hydrogens
Authors: Hao Wei , Wei Junnian , Chi Yue , Walsh Patrick J. , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDFT calculations have been performed on the palladium‐catalyzed carboiodination reaction. The reaction involves oxidative addition, alkyne insertion, C−N bond cleavage, and reductive elimination. For the alkylpalladium iodide intermediate, LiOtBu stabilizes the intermediate in non‐polar solvents, thus promoting reductive elimination and preventing β‐hydride elimination. The C−N bond cleavage process was explored and the computations show that PPh3 is not bound to the Pd center during this step. Experimentally, it was demonstrated that LiOtBu is not necessary for the oxidative addition, alkyne insertion, or C−N bond cleavage steps, lending support to the conclusions from the DFT calculations. The turnover‐limiting steps were found to be C−N bond cleavage and reductive elimination, whereas oxidative addition, alkyne insertion, and formation of the indole ring provide the driving force for the reaction.
Carbonylmetallates—A Special Family of Nucleophiles in Aromatic and Vinylic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Sazonov Petr K. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCarbonylmetallates, [M(CO)nL]−, anionic transition‐metal carbonyl complexes, represent a large family of metal‐centered nucleophiles, and studying carbonylmetallates allows us to understand the differences in the behavior of the metal‐centered complexes versus heteroatom‐based nucleophiles. The mechanisms of carbonylmetallate reactions with aryl‐ and alkenyl halides have been examined by employing radical and, especially, carbanion trapping techniques. Carbonylmetallates show a marked preference for halogenophilic attack, and nucleophilic substitution with carbonylmetallates is often not a direct process, but proceeds through the initial attack at halogen with subsequent coupling of carbanion and HalM(CO)nL intermediates. Factors governing the competition between the halogenophilic and more common “carbophilic” reaction pathways, as well as the means of predicting the actual course of reaction are discussed. The review also considers other aspects of carbonylmetallate reactivity, including ion‐pairing effects, radical‐mediated nucleophilic substitution pathways, and the carbonylmetallate nucleophilicity scale in the reactions with π‐electrophiles.
Screening, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Vinyl Sulfones as Inhibitors of Complement‐Dependent Cytotoxicity in Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Ju Eun Ji , Yeon Seul Ki , Park Jong‐Hyun , Cheon So Young , Choi Ji Won , Ha Taehwan , Jang Bo Ko , Kim Siwon , Kang Yong Gu , Hwang Hayoung , Cho Sung Jin , Cheong Eunji , Bahn Yong Sun , Pae Ae Nim , Kim Sung Min , Park Ki Duk 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the optic nerve and spinal cord triggered by binding of NMO‐specific immunoglobulin G (NMO‐IgG) auto‐antibodies to the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) in astrocytes. To find potential NMO therapeutics, a screening system was established and used to identify inhibitors of NMO‐IgG‐mediated complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The screening of approximately 400 compounds yielded potent hit compounds with inhibitory effects against CDC in U87‐MG cells expressing human AQP4. Derivatives of the hit compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of CDC. Of the small molecules synthesized, (E)‐1‐(2‐((4‐methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)‐[4‐[(3‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methoxy]benzene (5 c) showed the most potent activity in both stably transfected U87‐MG cells and mice‐derived astrocytes. The results of this study suggest that 5 c, which targets NMO‐IgG‐specific CDC, may be useful as a research tool and a potential candidate for therapeutic development for the treatment of NMO.
Nonplasmonic Hot‐Electron Photocurrents from Mn‐Doped Quantum Dots in Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Dong Yitong , Rossi Daniel , Parobek David , Son Dong Hee 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report the measurement of the hot‐electron current in a photoelectrochemical cell constructed from a glass/ITO/Al2O3 (ITO=indium tin oxide) electrode coated with Mn‐doped quantum dots, where hot electrons with a large excess kinetic energy were produced through upconversion of the excitons into hot electron hole pairs under photoexcitation at 3 eV. In our recent study (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 5549), we demonstrated the generation of hot electrons in Mn‐doped II–VI semiconductor quantum dots and their usefulness in photocatalytic H2 production reaction, taking advantage of the more efficient charge transfer of hot electrons compared with band‐edge electrons. Here, we show that hot electrons produced in Mn‐doped CdS/ZnS quantum dots possess sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the energy barrier from a 5.4–7.5 nm thick Al2O3 layer producing a hot‐electron current in photoelectrochemical cell. This work demonstrates the possibility of harvesting hot electrons not only at the interface of the doped quantum dot surface, but also far away from it, thus taking advantage of the capability of hot electrons for long‐range electron transfer across a thick energy barrier.
A modified poisson distribution for smartphone background traffic in cellular networks
Authors: Zhang Sa , Zhao Zhuyan , Guan Hao , Yang Hongwen 
Published: January 2016

SummaryFor the emerging applications such as Google Talk, Facebook, Skype and QQ, to mention a few, which run on smartphones, background traffic has become one of the significant issues in system design and optimization. Because of the complicated user behavior and interaction, the assumptions underlying the Poisson process model cannot be met; the Poisson distribution cannot approximate the distribution of background traffic arrivals accurately. In this paper, we propose a model, which can better fit the background traffic arrivals of smartphones than the Poisson distribution. The proposed model is a linear transformation of the Poisson distribution and is specified by three parameters, (a,b,λ), which can be estimated from the measured sample's mean, variance, and third central moment. Simulation results have corroborated the fitness of the proposed model in both single and mixed applications scenarios. In addition, we have also observed that the normalized parameters, (a,b0,λ0), of each application is independent of the user number and completely characterized by the type of application. Hence, with the given trace cumulative distribution functions of all applications, the proposed modified Poisson distribution can be used as a tool for modeling and analyzing background traffic arrivals with arbitrary user numbers and mixed applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA degradation in liquid‐based cytology and its comparison with conventional smear
Authors: Kim Wook Youn , Oh Seo Young , Kim Hyunkyung , Hwang Tae Sook 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundIn fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules, LBC is adopted in most of the hospitals and clinics in Korea for its convenience. BRAF mutation test has been introduced as an important ancillary test, but its applicability has not been completely proven with LBC samples.MethodsFive aspirates from thyroidectomy specimens were simultaneously processed into LBC and CS slides, in which BRAF mutation tests were performed using three primer sets with PCR products of 72, 164, and 226 base pairs (bp) at 6, 9, and 12 months after processing. In addition, BRAF mutation tests were performed in nine clinical samples that had been prepared by LBC or CS and stored for 3–5 years after processing.ResultsAt 9 months after processing, LBC failed to provide DNA of sufficient quality for PCR, whereas CS succeeded with primers for amplifying a 226 bp fragment. Furthermore, CS had successful amplification of DNA despite a delay of more than 1 year. The failure of DNA amplification in LBC was overcome by using primers to amplify shorter PCR products, suggesting that DNA degradation occurred in LBC. However, false positive or negative results were observed in primers for amplifying shorter size. The kind of preservative solutions used in LBC did not affect test results.ConclusionLBC may have disadvantages in long‐term DNA preservation because of its accelerated DNA degradation compared with alcohol‐fixed CS. Using primers to amplify shorter size fragments might be helpful in mitigating loss of signal due to DNA degradation in LBC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:450–458. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lanthanide Complexation of 2,6‐Bis(5,6‐dipyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazinyl)pyr­idine – Solvent‐ and Lanthanide‐Ion‐Controlled Ligand Coordination Mode and Denticity
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arunasis , Forster Paul M. , Rego Daniel B. , Czerwinski Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract2,6‐Bis(5,6‐dipyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazinyl)pyridine (PyBTP) is an interesting ligand owing to the possible variation of its coordination sites and denticity in complexation. Therefore, solution and solid‐phase lanthanide complexations were studied with PyBTP in two solvents, viz., acetonitrile and methanol, through various spectroscopic and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. The results from all of these studies consistently showed the interesting observation of solvent‐dependent changes to the ligand coordination mode and denticity, which are reported for the first time for trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+) complexes. The ligand coordination is affected by the size of the lanthanide ion. This observation can provide clues for the development of intra‐lanthanide and lanthanide–actinide separation methods through the exploitation of the variable complexing behaviour of a particular ligand.
Absolute moral standards and global identity as independent predictors of collective action against global injustice
Authors: Barth Markus , Jugert Philipp , Wutzler Markus , Fritsche Immo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractToday's global challenges necessitate the cooperation of the international community. In two studies, this paper investigates global identity and absolute moral standards as two important predictors of solidarity and collective action intentions. In Study 1 (N = 450), we found evidence for parallel direct effects of global identity and absolute standards on intergroup solidarity and indirectly on collective action intentions. Similar, albeit weaker, effects were found for real behavior (a donation). Study 2 (N = 124) experimentally manipulated participants' moral standard. Participants in the absolute standard condition were more willing to participate in collective action than participants who were experimentally focused on a gradual standard. Additionally, Study 2 replicated the indirect effects of global identity and absolute moral standards that we found in Study 1. The results show the important role of global identity and absolute moral standards as independent motivators of collective action.
Improved ε‐poly‐l‐lysine productivity partly resulting from rapid cell growth in cultures using a glucose–glycerol mixed carbon source
Authors: Zeng Xin , Chen Xu‐Sheng , Ren Xi‐Dong , Wang Liang , Gao Yang , Mao Zhong‐Gui 
Published: January 2016

Productivity enhancements with mixed carbon sources are usually accompanied by simultaneous improvement of cell growth. However, whether the enhanced cell growth in mixed carbon sources influences the biochemical productivity of ε‐poly‐l‐lysine (ε‐PL) still remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of growth rate on the ε‐PL productivity in a glucose–glycerol mixed carbon source. Based on the typical ε‐PL fed batch fermentation, chemostat culture and relevant physiological analyses were carried out. The ε‐PL productivity was positively correlated to the growth rate ranging from 0.02 to 0.06 h−1. The primary metabolism activity was enhanced at higher growth rate, providing sufficient precursor l‐lysine and energy for ε‐PL production. Meanwhile, these two key elements were equally important for biomass production, which could be quickly produced when the cells were fast growing. In addition, rapid growth also strengthened the antioxidant capacity of cells to defend potential oxidative stress. The positive correlation between the growth rate and ε‐PL productivity indicated that the improvement of ε‐PL productivity in the mixed carbon source was partly attributed to the simultaneously enhanced cell growth. Information obtained may provide references for further studies on other secondary biochemicals’ production using mixed carbon sources.
Detailed chemical kinetics for thermal decomposition of low molecular weight‐methyl esters generated by using biodiesel fuel
Authors: Thang Phan Quang , Maeda Yasuaki , Trung Nguyen Quang , Takenaka Norimichi 
Published: January 2016

Low molecular weight‐methyl ester (LMW‐ME), which was reported in our previous study [1], was generated by the use of biodiesel fuel (BDF) with a diesel power generator. In this article, the detailed chemical kinetics for the thermal decomposition of LMW‐MEs was investigated at atmospheric pressure and a temperature range of 773 to 973 K. Six standards of LMW‐MEs were used for thermal decomposition in a continuous flow reactor. The kinetic data, such as reaction orders, activation energies, and rate constants, were then calculated. The reaction orders and activation energies of the thermal decomposition reactions of C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 were 1.13, 0.96, 1.17, 0.80, 0.99, 0.84, and 312.04, 117.37, 87.29, 62.94, 74.80, 75.79 kJ mol−1, respectively. The decomposition of LMW‐MEs with higher carbon numbers was faster than those with smaller carbon numbers, except for C8. The C4 methyl ester was stable and abundant in the product of the decomposition as well as in the exhausted gas from the engine combustion using BDF. This kinetic data will be applied to modeling study on BDF decomposition and engine technologies to mitigate toxic emissions from BDF combustion. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1190–1197, 2016
Wood and sediment storage and dynamics in river corridors
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Scott Daniel N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLarge wood along rivers influences entrainment, transport, and storage of mineral sediment and particulate organic matter. We review how wood alters sediment dynamics and explore patterns among volumes of in‐stream wood, sediment storage, and residual pools for dispersed pieces of wood, logjams, and beaver dams. We hypothesized that: volume of sediment per unit area of channel stored in association with wood is inversely proportional to drainage area; the form of sediment storage changes downstream; sediment storage correlates with wood load; the residual volume of pools created in association with wood correlates inversely with drainage area; and volume of sediment stored behind beaver dams correlates with pond area. Lack of data from larger drainage areas limits tests of these hypotheses, but the analyses suggest that sediment volume correlates positively with drainage area and wood volume. The form of sediment storage in relation to wood appears to change downstream, with wedges of sediment upstream from jammed steps most prevalent in small, steep channels and more dispersed sediment storage in lower gradient channels. Pool volume correlates positively with wood volume and negatively with channel gradient. Sediment volume correlates well with beaver pond area.More abundant in‐stream wood and beaver populations present historically equated to greater sediment storage within river corridors and greater residual pool volume. One implication of these changes is that protecting and re‐introducing wood and beavers can be used to restore rivers. This review of the existing literature on wood and sediment dynamics highlights the lack of studies on larger rivers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation and transformation of 17α-estradiol in water–sediment systems under controlled aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Robinson Joseph A. , Ma Qingli , Staveley Jane P. , Smolenski Walter J. , Ericson Jon 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

One of the principal metabolites in cattle excreta following the administration of Synovex® ONE, which contains estradiol benzoate and trenbolone acetate, is 17α-estradiol. As part of the environmental assessment of the use of Synovex ONE, data were generated to characterize the fate of 17α-estradiol in the environment. Studies were conducted to determine the degradation and transformation of 17α-[14C]-estradiol in 2 representative water–sediment systems each under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The same transformation products—estriol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone—were formed, principally in the sediment phase, under both conditions in both systems. From the production of these transformation products, the 50% disappearance time (DT50) values of estrone and 17β-estradiol were determined, along with the DT50 values of 17α-estradiol and the total drug (17α-estradiol + 17β-estradiol + estrone). The results indicate that 17 α-[14C]-estradiol was more persistent under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions and that 17 α-[14C]-estradiol was less persistent than its transformation products. The DT50 values for the total system (aqueous and sediment phases) and for the total residues (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone) were selected for use in modeling the environmental fate of estradiol benzoate. For aerobic degradation in the water–sediment system, the DT50 was 31.1 d, and it was 107.8 d for the anaerobic system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:621–629. © 2016 SETAC
The superficial white matter in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Phillips Owen R , Joshi Shantanu H. , Piras Fabrizio , Orfei Maria Donata , Iorio Mariangela , Narr Katherine L. , Shattuck David W. , Caltagirone Carlo , Spalletta Gianfranco , Di Paola Margherita 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhite matter abnormalities have been shown in the large deep fibers of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, the late myelinating superficial white matter comprised of intracortical myelin and short‐range association fibers has not received much attention. To investigate this area, we extracted a surface corresponding to the superficial white matter beneath the cortex and then applied a cortical pattern‐matching approach which allowed us to register and subsequently sample diffusivity along thousands of points at the interface between the gray matter and white matter in 44 patients with Alzheimer's disease (Age: 71.02 ± 5.84, 16M/28F) and 47 healthy controls (Age 69.23 ± 4.45, 19M/28F). In patients we found an overall increase in the axial and radial diffusivity across most of the superficial white matter (P < 0.001) with increases in diffusivity of more than 20% in the bilateral parahippocampal regions and the temporal and frontal lobes. Furthermore, diffusivity correlated with the cognitive deficits measured by the Mini‐Mental State Examination scores (P < 0.001). The superficial white matter has a unique microstructure and is critical for the integration of multimodal information during brain maturation and aging. Here we show that there are major abnormalities in patients and the deterioration of these fibers relates to clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1321‐1334, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hemangiopericytoma arising from the cartilage of the external auditory canal
Authors: Castiglione Melina , Nardo Luciano , Ottaviani Francesco 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundHemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are soft tissue tumors with histological variability and unpredictable clinical and biological behavior. HPCs in the head and neck are uncommon, the growth pattern is nonspecific; thus, diagnosis is often made by exclusion.MethodsA 43‐year‐old man complained of a short history of right ear pain associated with a growing mass in the right external auditory canal. Subsequent hearing loss in the right ear brought the patient to undergo a CT scan and an MRI. The relevant literature was also reviewed.ResultsThe imaging revealed a neoplasm arising from the floor of the right external auditory canal. The neoplasm was removed with the diagnosis of HPC.ConclusionThe literature reports few cases of HPC of the external auditory canal. Their rarity in this area leads to difficulties in diagnosis. Morphology is not predictive of their behavior, so close follow‐up is mandatory for their correct management. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E108–E110, 2016