bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between preoperative denosumab and the risk of local recurrence in patients with giant cell tumor of bone: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Sun Ziwei , Wu Zheyu , Zhang Luosheng , Jia Qi , Zhou Zhenhua , Xiao Jianru 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This meta-analysis aimed at determining the association between preoperative denosumab and the risk of local recurrence in patients with giant cell tumors of the bone.

Methods and Materials:
Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were comprehensively searched on April 20th, 2022. Data from the included articles were analyzed using meta-analysis. The bias of all included studies was evaluated according to ROBINS-I. Also, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results:
Eight studies with 1270 cases (195 in the denosumab group and 1075 in the control group) were eventually included. Patients receiving denosumab before curettage had a higher risk of local recurrence than those who underwent curettage alone (odds ratio: 2.29, 95% confidence intervals: 1.44–3.64, P = 0.0005). The denosumab group showed a significantly higher risk of local recurrence in most subgroup analyses, except for those with preoperative denosumab duration ≤six months/doses (P = 0.66) and sample size ranging from 100 to 180 (P = 0.69).

Conclusion:
Denosumab before curettage may increase the risk of local recurrence in patients with giant cell tumor of the bone. Preoperative denosumab should be used with caution after weighing an increased risk of local recurrence against the clinical benefits and a duration time of less than six months before surgery is recommended.
Comparison of Retreatability of AH Plus Sealer and Bioceramic Sealer with Solvent, Retreatment Files and Diode Laser: A CBCT and SEM Analysis
Authors: Sapana Sapana , Arya Ashtha , Nandanwar Anjali , Nagar Rohit , Roy Pragna , Tekam Deepashri 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The present study evaluated the retreatability of canals obturated using AH Plus sealer and Bioceramic (BC) sealers, employing Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Methodology:
A group of 90 extracted premolars was classified into two main categories based on whether they were sealed with AH Plus or BC Sealer. Each of these categories was then divided into two subcategories according to the retreatment technique applied. CBCT and SEM were used to assess the residual filling material within the canals.

Results:
The findings showed that there was no marked statistical variation in the retreatment success of canals sealed with BC and AH Plus sealers.

Conclusion:
The diode laser was the most effective modality for eliminating root canal filling materials in the least amount of time. None of the retreatment modalities used removed the obturating material completely.
Reliability of Three Pain Assessment Tools in Children Requiring Dental Treatment: A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Naik Rutika , Arvind Singh Anu , Patel Chhaya B. , Biradar Amarnath , Patil Prasannakumari S. , Kulkarni Manasi , Joshi Poonam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Accurate pain assessment in pediatric dental patients is crucial for effective pain management and treatment planning.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 120 children aged 6-12 years, requiring dental treatment, were enrolled in this study. Each child was assessed using the three pain scales after undergoing a standardized dental procedure. The assessments were performed by two independent evaluators to determine inter-rater reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the reliability of each tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA to compare the mean pain scores across the three scales.

Results:
The mean pain scores reported were 4.3 ± 1.2 for the VAS, 4.5 ± 1.4 for the FPS-R, and 4.2 ± 1.3 for the WBFPRS. The ICC values for inter-rater reliability were 0.88 for the VAS, 0.86 for the FPS-R, and 0.90 for the WBFPRS, indicating high reliability for all tools. However, the WBFPRS showed slightly higher reliability compared to the other scales. No significant differences were found in pain scores across the three tools (P = 0.72).

Conclusion:
All three pain assessment tools demonstrated high reliability in assessing pain in pediatric dental patients. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale showed the highest inter-rater reliability, suggesting it may be the most reliable tool for clinical use in this population.
Association of Physical Fitness with Leisure Time Physical Activity in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Attarde Geetanjali N. , Ravindran R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Physical fitness of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) is related to their upper limb strength and range of motion. A change in these factors may impact their participation in physical fitness, and consequently leisure time activities. The objective of the study was to examine an association of physical fitness with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in people with SCI.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among 30 male and female participants with SCI. Physical fitness and LTPA were assessed using a 6-min push test and physical activity recall assessment for people with SCI, respectively. Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient was used to estimate the correlation between physical fitness and LTPA in persons with SCI.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 33.6 ± 7.73) years. This study found a positive weak to no correlation between physical fitness and LTPA in individuals with SCI (r
s = 0.1008) that was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.596). In this study, 28 (93.33%) participants had good physical fitness, and 19 (63.33%) participants performed LTPA for 20 min or more in a day, whereas 11 (36.67%) performed less than 20 min per day.

Conclusion:
Though most of the participants had good physical fitness, they performed only exercise-based activities such as walking with orthosis, pushups exercises, and resistance training exercises for upper limb muscles in their leisure time. They did not participate in LTPA such as sports, gardening, swimming, and other recreational activities. Furthermore, studies can be done to understand the perception of physiotherapists and SCI individuals toward the participation of LTPAs.
Acquired Demyelination Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: 10 Years Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in North India
Authors: Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Gulati Sheffali , Madaan Priyanka , Kumar Atin , Sondhi Vishal , Dubey Rachna , Gupta Juhi , Pandey R M 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The childhood central nervous system (CNS) acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) can be monophasic or recurrent, with both having considerable overlap in the first decade of life.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to describe clinical and radiological features, immunological characteristics, response to therapy and difference between monophasic and first episode of recurrent disorders of pediatric-onset CNS ADS.

Methods:
Case records of all patients presenting with CNS ADS to the Department of Pediatrics between January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with complete records and at least 12 months follow up were included for analysis.

Results:
Overall 95 case records were reviewed (66 monophasic: 20 ADEM and 46 CIS, 29 recurrent: 18 MS, 9 NMOSD, and 2 multiphasic ADEM). The median age of the cohort was 7 years (range: 1-12) and nearly two-thirds (62/95) were males. All acute cases were treated with intravenous pulse followed by tapering oral steroid therapy. All the recurrent entities received azathioprine with rituximab in few. Certain clinical and radiological features of CIS and immune and inflammatory characteristics in CSF were found to be significantly different in monophasic cases compared to first episode of recurrent cases.

Conclusions:
The CNS ADS show favourable response to immunotherapy. Azathioprine may be an effective long term immunomodulator, particularly in resource limited settings. Certain clinical, radiological and immunological features may differentiate monophasic illness from first episode of recurrent disorder.
Keyhole Alternatives to Pterional Craniotomy for the Microsurgical Clipping of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms: Technical Pearls, Surgical Results, and a Case Selection Algorithm
Authors: Das Kuntal K. , Mehrotra Anant , Jaiswal Awadhesh K. , Sahu Vipin , Dange Preetham , Dikshit Priyadarshi , Pattankar Sanjeev , Verma Pawan K. , Bhaisora Kamlesh S. , Srivastava Arun K. , Kumar Raj 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Despite a recent surge in keyhole approaches to aneurysm clipping, only few studies have compared these approaches, and none have laid any foundation or roadmap for surgeons newly venturing into these procedures.

Objectives:
To report a single surgeon’s experience of multiple keyhole approaches to these aneurysms, and to highlight the case selection algorithm, technical nuances, and surgical results.

Material and Methods:
Twenty-four patients (25 aneurysms) underwent aneurysm clipping using either a mini-pterional approach (MPA), lateral supraorbital approach (LSO), or a supraorbital keyhole approach (SOKHA). Intraoperative premature rupture, adequacy of clipping, and immediate postoperative and long-term functional outcomes were recorded.

Results:
All but five patients presented with ruptured aneurysms (Hunt and Hess grade 1 in 12 patients, grade 2 in 5 patients, and grade 3 in 2 patients). The anterior communicating artery (A-Comm; n = 14, 56%) was most frequently involved with aneurysms. The MPA was most frequently employed (n = 11, 45.8%), followed by the LSO (n = 9, 37.5%) and the SOKHA (n = 4, 16.7%). An intraoperative rupture (total n = 5, 20.8%) was most frequently seen in the SOKHA group (50%) and the only case of inadequate aneurysm clipping resulted from inadequate clipping ergonomics during the SOKHA for A-Comm aneurysm. Major complications occurred in the supraorbital approaches (one each in the LSO and SOKHA). Irrespective of the approach used, the long-term outcomes were excellent.

Conclusion:
In properly selected patients, keyhole approaches—particularly the MPA and the LSO—can provide excellent surgical outcomes. The learning curve in the SOKHA is steeper. A pragmatic case selection algorithm is proposed.
Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Patients’ Choice of Thrombolytic Agent and its Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Rebello Alex , Pattanayak Shiva Narayan , Hameer Subhangi Thakur , Varshney Megha , Goyal Manoj Kumar , Modi Manish , Lal Vivek 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective:
Alteplase, a recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only FDA-approved thrombolytic drug in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Tenecteplase is a modified rtPA, which is cheaper. We aimed to study influence of socioeconomic status (SES) in patients’ preference of thrombolytic agent and its outcome.

Methods:
This prospective observational study conducted in PGIMER, a tertiary care center in India, recruited AIS patients thrombolyzed between July 2017 and September 2018. We studied variables including SES, thrombolytic agent chosen, and outcomes like National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 24-h and at discharge; and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 3 months.

Results:
Thirty-nine patients received tenecteplase and 39 patients received alteplase. Seven patients belonged to upper class, all of whom (100%) chose alteplase. Thirty patients belonged to upper middle class, of whom 25 (83.3%) and five (16.7%) patients chose alteplase and tenecteplase, respectively. Twenty-five patients belonged to lower middle class in which seven (28%) and 15 (72%) chose alteplase and Tenecteplase, respectively. Twenty patients were in upper lower class, of whom 4 (20%) and 16 (80%) chose alteplase and Tenecteplase, respectively. The difference in distribution of SES in tenecteplase and alteplase groups was significant (P = 0.000). Median 3 month-mRS scores were 3 and 3.5 in alteplase and tenecteplase groups, respectively (P = 0.608). There were no significant differences in NIHSS score improvement at 24 h postthrombolysis (P = 0.537) or at discharge (P = 0.429) among different SES categories. No correlation between SES and 3 month-mRS score was found (Spearman’s ρ = 0.101, P = 0.398).

Conclusions:
Majority of patients in upper and lower SES chose alteplase and Tenecteplase, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in outcomes among various SES categories.
Development Assistance as Benelux Countries’ Foreign Policy Tool: Structural and Transformational Aspects
Authors: Posazhennikova A. A. 
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the use of development assistance as a foreign policy tool by the Benelux countries, namely Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. The paper aims to answer the question whether the development assistance provided by the Benelux states corresponds to their political statements which cite this policy area as a soft power instrument, or the three approaches to development assistance rather reflect other goals, e.g. beneficial economic cooperation with developing countries. The article analyzes international statistical data, sociological surveys and official development assistance-related documents, using qualitative historical and descriptive as well as genealogical and historical methods to trace the evolution of the three countries’ approaches. The concepts of small and middle powers, to which the Benelux countries belong, and the concept of soft power constitute the theoretical and methodological framework of the research. The article concludes that the Benelux countries’ approaches to development assistance are different, complex and changeable. The pursuit of economic goals helps explain at least some of the three states’ geographic and functional priorities, which translate into defining countries where Benelux’ companies are situated as key partners or specializing in the development assistance areas where these companies can be involved. This pursuit is most clearly evident in the Dutch approach, while Luxembourg seems to value soft power function more as it enhances the country’s image as one of the most generous donors and a responsible member of the international community. Unlike Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium show a downward trend in the amount of assistance allocated (with the exception of 2015 and 2022), amid doubts about the effectiveness of development assistance and securitization of this area; however, the ongoing public debates keep relevant the use of development assistance as soft power vis-à-vis the countries of the Global South.
Pola Komunikasi Ibu Tunggal Dalam Proses Perkembangan Karakter Anak Studi Kualitatif pada Mahasiswa/i Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP UNSIKA Angkatan 2020
Authors: Lestari Rani Rizka , Yusup Eka , Oxcygentry Oky 
Published: October 2024

The high rate of divorce in Indonesia raises new concerns for parents in educating their children. The integrity of family members is essential in fostering positive character development in children. For a mother, fulfilling two roles within the family is not an easy task. The application of different communication patterns can lead to varying character development in children. This study aims to identify the communication patterns employed by single mothers in the character development of their children, as well as to understand the obstacles faced by single mothers in communicating with their children. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological study approach. The theory used in this research is symbolic interactionism. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The findings indicate that there are several different communication patterns implemented by single mothers in educating and shaping their childrens positive character. The obstacles faced by each family vary, but each family strives to maintain effective communication within the family.
The moderating role of energy consumption in the relationship between trade openness and environmental degradation: evidence from Pakistan and China
Authors: Fayaz Muhammad , Kabir Wajid , Tariq Abdullah , Rasheed Muhammad Ijaz , Ahmad Sajjad , Rehman Zia Ur 
Published: October 2024

Every country wants to accomplish the sustainable development goal. For this reason, each country protects the environment, expressing widespread concern over environmental degradation. Furthermore, trade is the most essential component of economic growth, and energy is the primary source of production and environmental degradation. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the moderating effect of energy consumption on the link between trade openness and environmental degradation in the case of China and Pakistan. It will utilise data from 1990 to 2020 and employ ARDL and Granger causality estimation techniques. This study revealed that energy consumption and GDP growth are constructive. At the same time, inflow, FDI, and trade openness have negative consequences on CO2 emission in China, while all the variables have positive effects on CO2 emission in the case of Pakistan. This study confirms the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and the moderation effect of energy consumption in both countries. This study also found that there exists a one-way causality running from CO2 to energy consumption and trade openness to CO2 in the case of China. This study suggested focusing on screening and identifying environmentally friendly enterprises.
Inspecting the potential of thymol as a therapeutic agent for treating Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Muhammad Waleed Imran  , Sanwal Sardar Nawaz  , Muhammad Moaz  
Published: October 2024

Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants, like thyme, belonging to the Lemnaceae family.1 Due to its antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic properties, thymol has been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes.2 This letter specifically focuses on using thymol in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is caused due to the extracellular accumulation of amyloid B (AB) plaques and intracellular aggregations of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed due to hyperphosphorylation of microtubule associated t (tau) protein. The accumulation of these substances in various parts of the brain causes neuronal damage and death.3
Due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant capabilities, thymol is able to scavenge the reactive oxygen species produced by the amyloid aggregates, thus attenuating the potential oxidative damage that they would cause. Thymol can also alleviate protein kinase C activity as a memory-related protein.4 thymol has proved to reduce the cognitive defects and was also found to alleviate learning and memory impairment in rat models.5,6 Although thymol has a lot of beneficial effects against cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer’s, all of the experiments have been done on rat models; hence thymol’s therapeutic potentials in modulating and preventing Alzheimer in humans need to be fully explored.
The effect of health education on quality of life (QOL) among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) females at Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Madiha , Ali Amjad , Hassan Jahan Ara , Farooqui Waqas Ahmed , Haroon Rukhsana , Qasim Rubina 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of nurses-led health education intervention on quality of life among polycystic ovary syndrome females.
Method: The quasi-experimental study was conducted from May to August 2022 at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient department of Dow University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised married females aged 18-45 years, who were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome based on the Rotterdam criteria. Nurses-led health education intervention session was conducted for all the patients. Data was collected using the self-administered polycystic ovaries syndrome quality of life scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 50 females, 26(52%) were aged 26-35 years. There was a significance difference between baseline and post-intervention scores across all domains of quality of life (p<0.05). Also, baseline body mass index of the participants was 30.4±4.711 which went down post-intervention to 29.4±4.800 (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Nurses-led health education intervention improved the quality of life and body mass index of polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
Key Words: Health education, Quality of life, Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Numerical Solutions of Van Der Pol-Mathieu Type Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation in Complex Plasma
Authors: Joudah Hussein Dr.Bushra , Abdul-Majeed Dhuha S. , Jawad Enas Ahmad , Taki Salman Ebtisam Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

The description dust plasma behavior via a multi-fluid model, Where it represents that Boltzmann distributed electrons and ions, the dust momentum and Poisson's equations, in addition to the continuity equation that has a source term for the dust grains. The Runge-Kutta technique of fourth order was then used to numerically solve the equation. The solution shows a variety of behaviors under wide range of parameters changes. In particular, the solution of the equation shows a chaotic behavior at α= 1.0. In this study, the chaotic behavior in the plasma complex is graphically studied and discussed for some certain parameters. The aim of this study can be helped the researchers to investigate several nonlinear oscillations in different plasma and fluid mechanics models.
A CRITIQUE OF THE CONSTITUTIONALITY AND CONSTITUTIONALISATION OF THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION UNDER THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION
Authors: Ikubanni Oluwaseye Oluwayomi Ikubanni , Alabi Mojeed Olujinmi A. Alabi 
Published: October 2024

As the quest for self-determination in Nigeria surges to a record high in recent times, the Nigerian government has repeatedly adopted every means including the use of force to quell the agitations for this right on the basis that it violates the constitution and endangers the territorial integrity of Nigeria. The advocates of this right contend that it is an inalienable right that is recognized under international laws to which Nigeria is a signatory. Therefore, enforceable in Nigeria. This paper examined the constitutionality of the right to self-determination in Nigeria. It found that though the constitution of Nigeria emphasizes the indivisibility and indissolubility of Nigeria, there is a constitutional silence on the right to self-determination. The study found further that the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorates in 1914, political and economic marginalisation, failure of federalism, and legitimacy question surrounding the 1999 constitution amongst others are factors responsible for the various agitations in the country. Moreso, there is no express affirmation or denial of the right to self-determination under the Nigerian constitution. The study thus concluded that the Nigerian constitution must take a decisive position on the legality of self-determination agitation in Nigeria instead of leaving the challenge to the judiciary