bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Chronic Opioid Use on End-Tidal Concentration of Sevoflurane Necessary to Maintain a Bispectral Index Below 50: A Prospective, Single-Blind Study
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Eom Woosik , Yim Jiyeon , Kim Namwoo , Kwon Kyungho , Kim Seong-Eun , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:
Opioid analgesics decrease the minimum alveolar concentration of inhalation agents during the acute phase response. However, the effect of chronic opioid exposure on minimum alveolar concentration of inhalation agents remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the concentration of sevoflurane necessary to maintain a bispectral index (BIS) <50 (SEVOBIS50) in patients with chronic opioid use compared with those naïve to opioid use.

METHODS:
We included chronic opioid users who received a stable dose of oral morphine of at least 60 mg/d according to the morphine equivalent daily dose for at least 4 weeks and opioid-naïve patients. General anesthesia that included thiopental, vecuronium, and sevoflurane in oxygen was administered to all patients. Anesthesia was maintained using predetermined end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations. Fifteen minutes after achieving the determined end-tidal sevoflurane concentration through closed circuit anesthesia, BIS was measured for 1 minute in both groups. SEVOBIS50 was determined using Dixon‘s up–down method and probit analysis.

RESULTS:
Nineteen and 18 patients from the chronic opioid and control groups, respectively, were included in the final analysis. SEVOBIS50values for the chronic opioid and control patients were 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.11) and 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 0.96–1.40), respectively (P = .0346).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane necessary to maintain a BIS <50 is lower for chronic opioid users than for opioid-naïve patients.
Development and Validation of a Risk Scale for Emergence Agitation After General Anesthesia in Children: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Hino Maai , Mihara Takahiro , Miyazaki Saeko , Hijikata Toshiyuki , Miwa Takaaki , Goto Takahisa , Ka Koui 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:
Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication in children after general anesthesia. The goal of this 2-phase study was (1) to develop a predictive model (EA risk scale) for the incidence of EA in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia by performing a retrospective analysis of data from our previous study (phase 1) and (2) to determine the validity of the EA risk scale in a prospective observational cohort study (phase 2).

METHODS:
Using data collected from 120 patients in our previous study, logistic regression analysis was used to predict the incidence of EA in phase 1. The optimal combination of the predictors was determined by a stepwise selection procedure using Akaike information criterion. The β-coefficient for the selected predictors was calculated, and scores for predictors determined. The predictive ability of the EA risk scale was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the ROC curve (c-index) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In phase 2, the validity of the EA risk scale was confirmed using another data set of 100 patients (who underwent minor surgery under general anesthesia). The ROC curve, the c-index, the best cutoff point, and the sensitivity and specificity at the point were calculated. In addition, we calculated the gray zone, which ranges between the two points where sensitivity and specificity, respectively, become 90%.

RESULTS:
In phase 1, the final model of the multivariable logistic regression analysis included the following 4 predictors: age (logarithm odds ratios [OR], −0.38; 95% CI, −0.81 to 0.00), Pediatric Anesthesia Behavior score (logarithm OR, 0.65; 95% CI, −0.09 to 1.40), anesthesia time (logarithm OR, 0.60; 95% CI, −0.18 to 1.19), and operative procedure (logarithm OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.30–3.75 for strabismus surgery and logarithm OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.99–4.45 for tonsillectomy). The EA risk scale included these 4 predictors and ranged from 1 to 23 points. In phase 2, the incidence of EA was 39%. The c-index of phase 1 was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74–0.94), and the c-index of phase 2 was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72–0.89). The best cutoff point for the EA risk scale was 11 (sensitivity = 87% and specificity = 61%). The gray zone ranged from 10 to 13 points, and included 38% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
We developed and validated an EA risk scale for children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia. In our validation cohort, this scale has excellent predictive performance (c-index > 0.8). The EA risk scale could be used to predict EA in children and adopt a preventive strategy for those at high risk. This score-based preventive approach should be studied prospectively to assess the safety and efficacy of such a strategy.
Ovarian fluid impacts flagellar beating and biomechanical metrics of sperm between alternative reproductive tactics
Authors: Butts Ian A. E. , Prokopchuk Galina , Kašpar Vojtěch , Cosson Jacky , Pitcher Trevor E. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are prevalent in nature, where smaller parasitic males typically have better sperm quality than larger territorial guard males. At present, it is unclear what is causing this phenomenon. Our objective was to gain insights into sperm form and function by examining flagellar beating patterns (beat frequency, wave amplitude, bend length, bend angle, wave velocity) and biomechanical sperm metrics (velocity, hydrodynamic power output, propulsive efficiency) of wild spawning Chinook salmon ARTs. Ovarian fluid and milt were collected to form a series of eight experimental blocks, each composed of ovarian fluid from a unique female and sperm from a unique pair of parasitic jack and guard hooknose males. Sperm from each ART were activated in river water and ovarian fluid. Flagellar parameters were evaluated from recordings using high-speed video microscopy and biomechanical metrics were quantified. We show that ART has an impact on flagellar beating, where jacks had a higher bend length and bend angle than hooknoses. Activation media also impacted the pattern of flagellar parameters, such that beat frequency, wave velocity and bend angle declined, while wave amplitude of flagella increased when ovarian fluid was incorporated into activation media. Furthermore, we found that sperm from jacks swam faster than those from hooknoses and required less hydrodynamic power output to propel themselves in river water and ovarian fluid. Jack sperm were also more efficient at swimming than hooknose sperm, and propulsive efficiency increased when cells were activated in ovarian fluid. The results demonstrate that sperm biomechanics may be driving divergence in competitive reproductive success between ARTs.
Offline Assortment Optimization in the Presence of an Online Channel
Authors: Dzyabura Daria , Jagabathula Srikanth 
Published: June 2017

Firms are increasingly selling through both offline and online channels, allowing customers to experience the touch and feel of product attributes before purchasing those products. Consequently, the selection of products offered offline affects the demand in both channels. We address how firms should select an optimal offline assortment to maximize profits across both channels; we call this the showcase decision problem. We incorporate the impact of physical evaluation on preferences into the consumer demand model. Under this model, we show that the decision problem is NP-hard. Analytically, we derive optimal results for special cases and near-optimal approximations for general cases. Empirically, we use conjoint analysis to identify changes in consumer preferences resulting from physically evaluating products. For this application, we demonstrate gains in expected revenue of up to 40% due to accounting for the impact of offline assortment on the online sales. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2708 This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Effects of System Parameters on the Optimal Cost and Policy in a Class of Multidimensional Queueing Control Problems
Authors: Vercraene Samuel , Gayon Jean-Philippe , Karaesmen Fikri 
Published: June 2017

We consider a class of Markov Decision Processes frequently employed to model queueing and inventory control problems. For these problems, we explore how changes in different system input parameters (transition rates, costs, discount rates etc.) affect the optimal cost and the optimal policy when the state space of the problem is multidimensional. To address a large class of problems, we introduce two generic dynamic programming operators to model different types of controlled events. For these operators, we derive sufficient conditions to propagate monotonicity and supermodularity properties of the value function. These properties allow to predict how changes in system input parameters affect the optimal cost and policy. Finally, we explore the case when several parameters are changed at the same time. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1600 .
The aetiology of infections: The significance for hospital management
Authors: Roberts Luke , Cheung Ronny 
Published: June 2017

Background: Skin and soft tissue infections are among the most prevalent infections requiring medical intervention, with abscesses being a clinically important subset. Identification of a causative organism is useful for clinical decision-making and tailoring infection management. The extent to which causative agents are reflected in clinical coding data has been grossly understudied, despite its importance for statistical and financial purposes. Methods: An audit of admissions to a London hospital, between 1 September 2014 and 31 August 2016, was performed. Analysis was undertaken to identify whether the discharge documentation, clinical coding reports and microbiological results showed concordance in the detailing of causative organisms associated with abscesses. The impact of incongruity on hospital management was reviewed. Results: Of 664 admissions, 309 (46.5%) did not have a microbial swab taken at the site of the abscess. 164 (24.7%) of the admissions had positive results for one or more causative agents. Of these cases, 135 (82.3%) did not have the determined agents captured in the clinical coding reports. Capturing absent agents in the coding reports resulted in 120 Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) changes. Amendments culminated in a 77.1% uplift in total financial reimbursement of £104 190. Conclusion: Causative agents were not consistently recorded in the coding reports for admissions requiring abscess management. Omission carries negative implications for epidemiology, public health planning and financial reimbursement.
Examination of academic self-efficacy and motivation according to demographic characteristics of graduate education candidates (Cumhuriyet University example)<p>Lisansüstü eğitim adaylarının akademik öz-yeterlik ve güdülenmelerinin demografik özelliklerine göre incelenmesi (Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi örneği)
Authors: Özgül Fatih , Diker Gürkan 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this research is to examine the academic self-efficacy and motivation of candidates applying for the postgraduate education program of the Institute of Health Sciences according to the age, sex, graduated section and marital status variables. The sample of this research in the relational screening model is composed of 100 students who applied to the Physical Education and Sports Master program, which is included in the study by using appropriate sampling method. Academic Self-efficacy Scale and Academic Motivation Scale was applied to the candidates in the study. In evaluating the data; The error level was taken as .05 using Variance Analysis, Tukey test, Difference between Two Means Significance Test and Correlation Analysis. As a result, it has been found that candidates' academic self-efficacy and academic motivation scores differ significantly from their age and graduation levels.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı sağlık bilimleri enstitüsü lisansüstü eğitim programına başvuru yapan adaylarının akademik öz-yeterlik ve güdülenmelerinin yaş, cinsiyet, mezun olunan bölüm ve medeni durum değişkenlerine göre incelenmesidir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde olan bu araştırmanın örneklemini uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak araştırmaya dahil edilen Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Lisans programına başvuru yapan 100 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada adaylara, Akademik Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği ile Akademik Güdülenme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır.Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; Varyans Analizi, Tukey testi, İki Ortalama Arasındaki Farkın Önemlilik Testi ve Korelasyon Analizi kullanılarak yanılma düzeyi .05 olarak alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak adayların akademik öz-yeterlik ve akademik güdülenme puanlarının yaşa ve mezun oldukları bölümlere göre anlamlı ölçüde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir.
Experimental and theoretical approach to exploit the corrosion inhibition activity of 3-formyl chromone derivatives on mild steel in 1 m H2SO4
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Chahal Savita , Dahiya Shefali , Dahiya Naveen , Kumar Sumit , Lata Suman 
Published: June 2017

Abstract3-Formyl chromone (3FC) derivatives, viz. 5-methoxy-3FC (5-Me-3FC), 6-hydroxy-3FC (6-OH-3FC), and 7-hydroxy-3FC (7-OH-3FC), were studied for the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 m H2SO4 at different temperatures and concentrations. The inhibition was studied using mass loss method, polarization technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy, and quantum chemical calculations. The results from mass loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and EIS showed that inhibition efficiency (IE) increased with gradual increments in concentration of 3FC derivatives. The polarization study revealed that these compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors and Langmuir adsorption isotherm is fitted well for adsorption behavior. The order of IE provided by all the three compounds is 7-OH-3FC≈6-OH-3FC>5-Me-3FC and lies in the range of 85%–95%. A proposed inhibition mechanism has been further described, including the support from all the experimental and theoretical techniques.
Artisans, Retailers, and Credit Transactions in the Roman World
Authors: Hawkins Cameron 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, I argue not just that many artisans and retailers in the Roman world were able to finance their businesses only by relying heavily on access to credit, but also that they depended primarily upon trade credit—that is, upon interpersonal credit provided to them by suppliers and subcontractors to whom they were linked by relationships of trust, and from whom they purchased goods and services on account. This was true primarily because most artisans and retailers catered to clients who often lacked ready money when they made purchases, and thus found it necessary to offer shop credit instead of concluding sales in exchange for immediate cash payments. This strategy in turn exacerbated their own cash flow problems and compelled them to incur liabilities that could easily match or exceed the value of their tangible assets. In these circumstances, many found that trade credit was both more accessible than loans procured on the credit market (for which they often lacked the necessary collateral), and also less risky, since suppliers of trade credit could be more forgiving of missed payments than conventional lenders (who were likely to take actions that could result either in seizure of an entrepreneur’s collateral or in his or her insolvency).
The Inception of the Seleukid Empire
Authors: Vădan Paul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe paper looks at the fragmentary cuneiform evidence from the initial years of Seleukos’ rule at Babylon, to explain how Macedonian authority was imposed in Mesopotamia after Alexander the Great’s death. Beyond military might and sheer opportunism, the consolidation of Seleukos’ rule in Babylon was achieved through careful negotiations of privileges and guarantees with the local temple elites. This relationship of mutual recognition was reinforced through the composition and propagation of prophetic Babylonian accounts. These were meant to interpret a period of dynastic crisis as the cosmic unfolding of a divine plan, manifested through the decisive success of Seleukos.
Detecting capital market convergence clubs
Authors: Beylunioglu Fuat C. , Stengos Thanasis , Yazgan M. Ege 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we propose a new method to find convergence clubs that combine pairwise method of testing convergence with maximal clique algorithm. Unlike many of those already developed in the literature, this new method aims to find convergence clubs endogenously without depending on priori classifications. We use our method to study convergence among different capital markets as captured by their respective indices. Stock market convergence would indicate the absence of arbitrage opportunities in moving between the different markets as they would all present investors with similar risks. Furthermore, stock market convergence would be a precursor to GDP convergence as these economies would be bound by similar (possibly unobservable) common factors that affect long run macroeconomic performance.
GNRHR biallelic and digenic mutations in patients with normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Gonçalves Catarina I , Aragüés José M , Bastos Margarida , Barros Luísa , Vicente Nuno , Carvalho Davide , Lemos Manuel C 
Published: June 2017

Objective
Normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nCHH) is a rare disorder characterised by lack of pubertal development and infertility, due to deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and, unlike Kallmann syndrome, is associated with a normal sense of smell. Mutations in the GNRHR gene cause autosomal recessive nCHH. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GNRHR mutations in a group of 40 patients with nCHH.

Design
Cross-sectional study of 40 unrelated patients with nCHH.

Methods
Patients were screened for mutations in the GNRHR gene by DNA sequencing.

Results
GNRHR mutations were identified in five of 40 patients studied. Four patients had biallelic mutations (including a novel frameshift deletion p.Phe313Metfs*3, in two families) in agreement with autosomal recessive inheritance. One patient had a heterozygous GNRHR mutation associated with a heterozygous PROKR2 mutation, thus suggesting a possible role of synergistic heterozygosity in the pathogenesis of the disorder.

Conclusions
This study further expands the spectrum of known genetic defects associated with nCHH. Although GNRHR mutations are usually biallelic and inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, the presence of a monoallelic mutation in a patient should raise the possibility of a digenic/oligogenic cause of nCHH.
KEMISKINAN NELAYAN: Studi Kasus Penyebab Eksternal dan Upaya Revitalisasi Tradisi Pengentasannya di Kaliori, Rembang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Humaedi M. Alie 
Published: June 2017

Kemiskinan masyarakat nelayan secara faktual terjadi di mana-mana. Ia tidak hanya disebabkan oleh faktor internal dalam mekanisme produksinya, tetapi juga oleh keadaan eksternal yang tercipta di lingkungannya. Tradisi dan kelembagaan tradisi tidak selalu dianggap baik dan mampu menjaga eksistensikehidupan orang miskin. Bahkan, keduanya bisa menjerumuskan atau semakin membenamkan orang miskin pada kemiskinan absolut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode etnografi. Penelitian etnografi masyarakat nelayan ini berupaya memberikan tawaran jalan keluar berdasarkan potensi dankarakter kebudayaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi kemiskinannya. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian adalah sebagai berikut. Buwoh dan bank titil di Kaliori Rembang Jawa Tengah telah menjadi bukti otentik bagaimana tradisi yang dikemas oleh para pencari rente lebih kejam dari jeratan utang bakul yang selama ini dituduh sebagai penyebab utama kemiskinan nelayan. Meskipun kondisi faktual kemiskinan itu tidak serta merta mendorong nelayan menjadi penganut konstruksi instrumental, peran pemerintah dalam menstimulasi tradisi dan kelembagaan tradisi yang mereduksi kemiskinan harus dipacu dalam bentuk kebijakan dan program. Title: The Fisher’s Poverty: Case Study of External Causes and Tradition Revitalization effort to Poverty Allevation in the Kaliori of Rembang, Central JavaPoverty in fishing communities occurs factually in everywhere. It is caused not only by internal factors in the mechanism of production, but also by external circumstances that are created in its environment. Tradition and traditional intitutions are not always considered good and able to maintain the existenceof poor’s life. In fact, they can plunge the poor people into absolute poverty. The research is conducted by using ethnographic method. This ethnograhic research of fishing communities attempted was to offer solution based on potention and character of public culture against their poverty. Data were analysed using qualitatove description method. Results of the study were as follows. Buwoh and Bank Titil in the Kaliori of Rembang, Central Java have become the authentic evidence of how traditions created by rente seekers are crueller than debt of bakul bondage that has been accused as the main cause of fisher’s poverty. Although the factual condition of poverty does not necessarily encourage fishers to be adherents of the instrumental construction, the role of government in stimulating the tradition and tradition institutions that reduce poverty must be driven in the form of policies and programs.
PROMOTING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PRODUCT
Authors: Zhivitere Marga , Riashchenko Viktoriia 
Published: June 2017

The object of the research are the social entrepreneurs and its business development. The aim of the research is to discuss existing marketing strategies applied to social entrepreneurship and to offer possible ways of their improvement. The research is relevant and consistent with the increasing role of social entrepreneurship taking the full power throe the fast changing political, economic, socio cultural and technological circumstances of the 21st century. While marketing the social entrepreneurship, the focus on marketing strategies must be revised. The research methodology includes both traditional and modern elements of marketing, such as marketing mix, strategies, customer segmentation and targeting, pricing altogether with the main elements of social entrepreneurship, such as social and economic aspects.
The results present thet in standard marketing strategies, the strategy for social entrepreneurs should include segmentation of the customers and consumers by taking into consideration standard criteria (such as geographical, demographical, psychographic and behavior segmentation) but also implementing own criteria most adequate for the products they are currently interested to produce. It is important which factors are significant enough to take decisions of expansion, harvest or liquidation of products.