bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the nutritional composition and calculated Nutri-score classifications of the Dutch food retail supply in 2018 and 2020
Authors: Steenbergen Elly , Temme Elisabeth HM 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
In the Netherlands, reformulation strategies have been established for several years, whereas Nutri-Score was implemented in 2024. Besides being a helpful tool for consumers to make healthier food choices, Nutri-Score also aims to stimulate food reformulation by food manufacturers. The present study investigates whether changes in food composition could have led to different calculated Nutri-Score classifications.

Design:
Food compositions and Nutri-Score classifications were calculated using the updated Nutri-Score algorithm. Food groups with the largest change in the distribution of Nutri-Score classifications were analysed in-depth by plotting frequency distributions and calculating median contents for nutrient contents that relatively changed the most in 2020.

Setting:
Food composition data were available from the Dutch Branded Food database in 2018 (n 38 295) and 2020 (n 48 091).

Participants:
Not applicable.

Results:
In general, median nutrient contents and calculated Nutri-Score classifications were similar for 2018 and 2020. The median sugar and SFA contents were lower for some food groups (e.g. breakfast cereals, meat preserves, sweets and sweet goods) in 2020 compared to 2018. The median SFA content for meat preserves and sweets and sweet goods was relatively low in Nutri-Score classification A ascending towards higher median content in Nutri-Score classification E.

Conclusions:
Although food reformulation was not substantial in the Dutch food retail supply in 2018 and 2020, some differences in Nutri-Score classifications were observed. When implemented, Nutri-Score may encourage food manufacturers to increase their reformulation efforts. Repeated monitoring of food compositions and Nutri-Score classifications is recommended to establish reformulation efforts by food manufacturers.
Associations between exposure to advertising of foods high in fats, salt and sugar and purchase of energy and nutrients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Finlay Amy Heather , Jones Andrew , Cummins Steven , Yau Amy , Cornelsen Laura , Robinson Eric , Boyland Emma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To assess associations between self-reported advertising exposure to foods high in fats, salt and sugar and household purchases of energy, nutrients and specific product categories.

Design:
A cross-sectional design was used. Advertising exposure data were gathered using a questionnaire administered to the main shopper of each household, and purchase data from supermarkets and other stores for these households were accessed for a 4-week period during February 2019.

Setting:
Households in London and the North of England.

Participants:
Representative households (N 1289) from the Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods Panel. Main shoppers were predominantly female (71 %), with a mean age of 54 years (±13).

Results:
Linear regression models identified that exposure to foods high in fats, salt and sugar advertising through traditional mediums (including broadcast and print), but not digital, transport, recreational or functional mediums, was associated with greater purchases of energy (9779 kcal; 95 % CI 3515, 16 043), protein (416 g; 95 % CI 161, 671), carbohydrate (1164 g; 95 % CI 368, 1886) and sugar (514 g; 95 % CI 187, 841). Generalised linear models showed that individuals who reported exposure to sugary drink advertising were more likely to purchase sugary drinks (1·16; 95 % CI 2·94, 4·99) but did not purchase more energy or nutrients from sugary drinks. There was no evidence of associations between exposure to advertising for sugary cereals or sweet snacks and purchases from these categories.

Conclusions:
There was a strong influence of traditional advertising and sugar-sweetened beverage advertising on household food and drink purchases, thus supporting the need for advertising restrictions across traditional formats and for sugary drinks specifically.
Examining the effectiveness of promotional nudges increasing plant-based food choices in a post-secondary education dining hall: a pilot study
Authors: Anderson Jennifer Joy , Bains Andy , Stachiw Julie , Heidl Alexandra J , Paetsch Tamara , Cohen Tamara R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate nudge strategies that increase the consumption of plant-based foods, defined as vegetarian or vegan food items, compared with meat-based options in post-secondary dining hall settings.

Design:
A pilot study.

Setting:
This study took place in the University of British Columbia Vancouver Campus’s Gather Dining Hall (GDH) over a 6-week intervention period and two control periods. The intervention incorporated several nudges (proportion increases, item placement, taste-focused labelling, Chef’s featured special verbal prompts, social media and promotional posters) into the menu and dining hall area with the goal of increasing the purchases of plant-based items. Sales data from meals that were purchased during the intervention period were compared with sales data from the two control periods.

Participants:
Students and staff who purchased meals in the GDH.

Results:
The proportion of plant-based items sold significantly increased during the intervention period (56·7 %; P < 0·01) compared with the last 6 weeks of term one (53·6 %) and the first 6 weeks of term two (53·4 %). The proportion of plant-based ‘main’ menu items was significantly higher in the intervention period (46·4; P < 0·01) when compared with the last 6 weeks of term one (40·9 %) and the first 6 weeks of term two (41·7 %).

Conclusions:
The combination of nudges was effective at significantly increasing the selection of plant-based options over meat-based options in a post-secondary dining hall setting.
Historical Review of Variants of Informal Semantics for Logic Programs under Answer Set Semantics: GL’88, GL’91, GK’14, D-V’12
Authors: LIERLER YULIYA 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis note presents a historical survey of informal semantics that are associated with logic programming under answer set semantics. We review these in uniform terms and align them with two paradigms: Answer Set Programming and ASP-Prolog — two prominent Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Paradigms in Artificial Intelligence.
Failure of China's COVID-19 health diplomacy in wining hearts and minds in Thailand and the Philippines: political efficacy constrained by local politics
Authors: Li Xirui , Yang Zi , Li Mingjiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmid the COVID-19 pandemic, China extended significant medical aid to international communities, aiming to combat the virus's spread and foster global solidarity. However, despite the appreciation expressed by recipient governments for China's assistance, the general public's perception of China did not significantly improve. This prompts the question: why did China's COVID-19 health diplomacy fail to resonate with foreign audiences? This article delves into the cases of Thailand and the Philippines to argue that public perceptions of countries providing aid can be heavily influenced by domestic political dynamics, particularly when incumbent governments already face legitimacy challenges prior to aid delivery. By scrutinizing the implementation of China's aid and the state-to-state relations between China and incumbent governments, political opposition forces can exploit any shortcomings or missteps, placing blame squarely on the incumbents. Given the existing distrust toward incumbent governments, the public is more inclined to accept messages propagated by opposition groups, thereby hindering any positive shift in perception toward China. This perspective complements existing research that predominantly focuses on the diplomatic strategies of donor countries, suggesting instead that the domestic politics of host countries play a pivotal role in shaping the effectiveness of foreign nations' efforts to cultivate favorable images among foreign audiences.
Answering the challenges: the surge of political violence in North Korea and militarisation of North Korean police force in the first half of 1946
Authors: Lebedev Vasilii Vladimirovich 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores the militarisation of the North Korean police and the establishment of specialised units, including the Railroad and Maritime Police, and the Korean-Manchurian border guard. The analysis primarily draws from unpublished Soviet archival material. Contrary to the assumption that strengthening the North Korean police under Soviet military administration was aimed at providing a backbone to the North Korean regime, our examination reveals that, at least initially, it was driven by the urgent need to address immediate challenges in public security. The initial crisis arose with anti-trusteeship protests and worsened when the Soviets initiated land reform, coinciding with a series of terrorist attacks against North Korean politicians and Soviet military units. The article also sheds light on the background processes that led to the creation of specialised police units such as the Railroad Police and the Maritime Police. Contrary to common perceptions, these units were not designed to become military units from the outset. Soviet documents clearly reveal that their primary function was to assist the Soviets in guarding the North Korean railroad and coastline. The Soviets initiated and controlled the establishment of the Korean-Manchurian border guard to address issues on the northern border of Korea.
The view from outer space: Science fiction and political fantasy in the Cold War United States
Authors: Reed Isaac Ariail 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The articulations of science and politics in the Cold War in the United States are well studied in histories of American political culture. However, these histories are often given focus and coherence via concepts and understandings taken from political realism and sociological institutionalism, thereby underestimating the transformations in the very idea of political reality that helped form the Cold War era in the United States. This paper launches an investigation of the relationship between speculative fiction and scientific and political discourse during that era to explore how the political culture of the United States came to be structured not only by a certain imagination but also by a particular set of fantasies. Building on the history of war-gaming at the RAND Corporation, the author conducts a close reading of a RAND Corporation report turned popular science publication. This suggests that, during the Cold War, a new standpoint from which to view the political world – the view from outer space – began to organize how the American political project for the globe represented its own modernity to itself. This view, drawn from science fiction but made real in its ethos and its political consequences, projected an understanding of “mankind” as but an infant in the early stages of what would become its interstellar destiny. A baleful consequence of this view was its tendency to free political actors and intellectuals from the urgent problem, identified acutely by Hannah Arendt in her essay “Man’s Conquest of Space,” of creating a world in common on earth.
Review of water–energy–food nexus applications in the Global South
Authors: Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Chibarabada Tendai Polite , Taguta Cuthbert , Dirwai Tinashe Lindel , Ndeketeya Annah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study reviewed the applications of the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus for knowledge generation and decision-making in the Global South. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol identified 336 studies from the Web of Science and Scopus datasets. One hundred eighty-five articles applied WEF nexus tools to improve the understanding of WEF nexus interactions and to show the potential of nexus applications. The other articles (151) focused on nexus applications to guide planning and decision support for resource allocation and policy formulation. Environment, climate, ecosystems, land, and socio-economics were other popular nexus dimensions, while waste and economy were considered to a lesser extent. Limitations associated with nexus applications included unavailability of data, uncertainties from data sources, scale mismatch and bias. The inability of nexus tools to capture the complex realities of WEF interactions is hindering adoption, especially for policy formulations and investment planning. Data limitations could be solved using a sound scientific basis to correct uncertainties and substitute unavailable data. Data gaps can be bridged by engaging stakeholders, who can provide local and indigenous knowledge. Despite the limitations, applying nexus tools could be useful in guiding resource management. Limitations associated with nexus applications included – investment planning. Plausible pathways for operationalising the WEF nexus are discussed.
The Role of Benthic Fluxes in Acidifying the Bottom Waters in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone Based on an Updated Water Column Biogeochemical‐Seabed Diagenetic and Sediment Transport Model
Authors: Yin Dongxiao , Cui Linlin , Harris Courtney K. , Moriarty Julia M. , Beck Hannah , Maiti Kanchan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe seabed and the water column are tightly coupled in shallow coastal environments. Numerical models of seabed‐water interaction provide an alternative to observational studies that require concurrent measurements in both compartments, which are hard to obtain and rarely available. Here, we present a coupled model that includes water column biogeochemistry, seabed diagenesis, sediment transport and hydrodynamics. Our model includes realistic representations of biogeochemical reactions in both seabed and water column, and fluxes at their interface. The model was built on algorithms for seabed‐water exchange in the Regional Ocean Modeling System and expanded to include carbonate chemistry in seabed. The updated model was tested for two sites where benthic flux and porewater concentration measurements were available in the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone. The calibrated model reproduced the porewater concentration‐depth profiles and benthic fluxes of O2, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), TAlk, NO3 and NH4. We used the calibrated model to explore the role of benthic fluxes in acidifying bottom water during fair weather and resuspension periods. Under fair weather conditions, model results indicated that bio‐diffusion in sediment, labile material input and sediment porosity have a large control on the importance of benthic flux to bottom water acidification. During resuspension, the model indicated that bottom water acidification would be enhanced due to the sharp increase of the DIC/TAlk ratio of benthic fluxes. To conclude, our model reproduced the seabed‐water column exchange of biologically important solutes and can be used for quantifying the role of benthic fluxes in driving bottom water acidification over continental shelves.
Global Wind Erosion Reduction Driven by Changing Climate and Land Use
Authors: Sun Ranhao , He Hongbin , Jing Yongcai , Leng Song , Yang Guocheng , Lü Yihe , Borrelli Pasquale , Chen Liding , Fu Bojie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile significant progress has been achieved in researching water erosion, our understanding of global patterns and the magnitude of wind soil erosion remains limited. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment using the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) of the global rates and long‐term trends (1982–2019) of wind erosion using a spatially explicit (0.05° × 0.05°) quantitative model. On average, in this study global wind erosion caused 312.5 Pg yr−1 of soil loss, with a decreasing trend of 1.04 ± 0.48 Pg yr−1 (p < 0.05) during 1982–2019. Excluding stable regions, approximately 36% of the modeled areas exhibit a significant decrease in wind erosion, accounting for 3.13 ± 0.18 Pg yr−1, while only 9% experience a notable increase, amounting for 1.83 ± 0.16 Pg yr−1. The decrease of wind erosion primarily occurs in the southern hemispheres. Notably, wind erosion decreases considerably in grassland and cropland, while it remains unchanged in dryland. Although grassland and cropland account for only 11% and 1.8% of the total erosion, they contribute to 68% and 17% of the total erosion reduction, respectively. This study highlights global wind stilling and vegetation greening as important factors contributing to the decline in wind erosion and offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between climate change and terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon sequestration and agricultural productivity.
Zn Isotope Tracing Unveils Primary Anthropogenic Zn Sources in Glacial Cryoconite of the High Asian Mountains
Authors: Wu Rui , Dong Zhiwen , Yan Yan , Parteli Eric , Wei Ting , Li Fangzhou , Jiao Xiaoyu , Shao Yaping , Qin Xiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn) exerts a significant influence on the global environment, terrestrial ecosystems, and human health. The application of Zn isotopes (δ66Zn) has been suggested as a potent tool for tracing environmental contamination. However, studies focusing on Zn isotope tracing within the cryosphere areas are notably limited. Here we present the first data set on Zn isotopes in glacial cryoconite, based on observations over a large regional scale in High Asian Mountains (including Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings of western China). The results showed that glacial cryoconite had a general heavy Zn isotopic signature in various TP locations, with δ66Zn values ranging from −0.22‰ to +0.87‰. Employing the MixSIAR model, the overall Zn contribution source to the cryoconite was mineral dust (36%) > coal burning (33%) > non‐exhaust traffic emissions (22%) > industrial smelting (10%). We ascertained that anthropogenic sources account for the primary contribution (about 60%–73%) of Zn inputs in all glacial locations, with coal burning emerging as the foremost anthropogenic contributor (mean 33%). Anthropogenic Zn in various TP locations was primarily derived from Zn emissions resulting from coal combustion, though it is also predominantly influenced by industrial smelting source in cryoconite of the Tianshan Mountains. Our results aligned with coal combustion data from the energy inventory of western China, suggesting that regional coal burning likely represents the foremost source of atmospheric Zn pollutant emission and deposition in the High Asia mountain glaciers.
Impacts of On‐Road Vehicular Emissions on U.S. Air Quality: A Comparison of Two Mobile Emission Models (MOVES and FIVE)
Authors: Ma Siqi , Tong Daniel , Harkins Colin , McDonald Brian C. , Wang Chi‐Tsan , Li Yunyao , Baek Bok H. , Woo Jung‐Hun , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOn‐road vehicles are significant contributors to air pollution globally, particularly to nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3). Quantifying their contribution to air quality is crucial to understanding the trends of vehicle emissions as low‐ and “zero” emission vehicles join the fleet. Modeling on‐road emissions is complex due to various factors like fleet activities, traffic patterns, and meteorological conditions. We compare on‐road emissions from two mobile models: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fuel‐based Inventory of Vehicle Emission (FIVE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES), finding they contribute 4%–33% to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NOx, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the contiguous United States (CONUS). Using a regional chemical transport model, we assess air quality effects under different emission scenarios. Both emission data sets yield satisfactory performance, with MOVES showing lower biases in ozone (O3) and PM2.5 over CONUS, while FIVE performs better at city scales due to higher urban NOx emissions. In January, on‐road emissions increased surface O3 over western and southern US by up to 9.1%–13.1% but decreased by 2.5% over the northeastern US, while PM2.5 predictions vary across the US (−85% to 24%). In July, on‐road emissions elevate O3 and PM2.5 concentrations by 15%–20% across CONUS, except in some west coast cities. They also greatly contribute to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by more than 80% near roads and in urban areas. This study highlights the significant impact of on‐road emissions on urban air quality and provides insights for improving air quality forecasting and management.
CREB3L1 deficiency impairs odontoblastic differentiation and molar dentin deposition partially through the TMEM30B
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Lin Yuxiu , Guo Jinqiang , Huang Delan , Zuo Huanyan , Zhang Hanshu , Yuan Guohua , Liu Huan , Chen Zhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOdontoblasts are primarily responsible for synthesizing and secreting extracellular matrix proteins, which are crucial for dentinogenesis. Our previous single-cell profile and RNAscope for odontoblast lineage revealed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein 3 like 1 (Creb3l1) was specifically enriched in the terminal differentiated odontoblasts. In this study, deletion of Creb3l1 in the Wnt1+ lineage led to insufficient root elongation and dentin deposition. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing were performed to revealed that in CREB3L1-deficient mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs), the genes near the closed chromatin regions were mainly associated with mesenchymal development and the downregulated genes were primarily related to biological processes including cell differentiation, protein biosynthesis and transport, all of which were evidenced by a diminished ability of odontoblastic differentiation, a significant reduction in intracellular proteins, and an even greater decline in extracellular supernatant proteins. Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), and transmembrane protein 30B (Tmem30b) were identified as direct transcriptional regulatory targets. TMEM30B was intensively expressed in the differentiated odontoblasts, and exhibited a significant decline in both CREB3L1-deficient odontoblasts in vivo and in vitro. Deletion of Tmem30b impaired the ability of odontoblastic differentiation, protein synthesis, and protein secretion in mDPCs. Moreover, overexpressing TMEM30B in CREB3L1-deficient mDPCs partially rescued the extracellular proteins secretion. Collectively, our findings suggest that CREB3L1 participates in dentinogenesis and facilitates odontoblastic differentiation by directly enhancing the transcription of Dmp1, Dspp, and other differentiation-related genes and indirectly promoting protein secretion partially via TMEM30B.