bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CD14 (Cluster of Differentiation 14) and Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR) 4 Signaling Deteriorate Periapical Inflammation in TLR2 Deficient Mice
Authors: Rider Daniel , Furusho Hisako , Xu Shuang , Trachtenberg Alexander J. , Kuo Winston Patrick , Hirai Kimito , Susa Mako , Bahammam Laila , Stashenko Philip , Fujimura Akira , Sasaki Hajime 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTApical periodontitis (periapical lesions) is an infection‐induced chronic inflammation in the jaw, ultimately resulting in the destruction of apical periodontal tissue. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are prominent in the initial recognition of pathogens. Our previous study showed that TLR4 signaling is proinflammatory in periapical lesions induced by a polymicrobial endodontic infection. In contrast, the functional role of TLR2 in regulation of periapical tissue destruction is still not fully understood. Using TLR2 deficient (KO), TLR2/TLR4 double deficient (dKO), and wild‐type (WT) mice, we demonstrate that TLR2 KO mice are highly responsive to polymicrobial infection‐induced periapical lesion caused by over activation of TLR4 signal transduction pathway that resulted in elevation of NF‐kB (nuclear factor kappa B) and proinflammatory cytokine production. The altered TLR4 signaling is caused by TLR2 deficiency‐dependent elevation of CD14 (cluster of differentiation 14), which is a co‐receptor of TLR4. Indeed, neutralization of CD14 strikingly suppresses TLR2 deficiency‐dependent inflammation and tissue destruction in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that a network of TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 is a key factor in regulation of polymicrobial dentoalveolar infection and subsequent tissue destruction. Anat Rec, 299:1281–1292, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Composition of Muscle Fiber Types in Rat Rotator Cuff Muscles
Authors: Rui Yongjun , Pan Feng , Mi Jingyi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe rat is a suitable model to study human rotator cuff pathology owing to the similarities in morphological anatomy structure. However, few studies have reported the composition muscle fiber types of rotator cuff muscles in the rat. In this study, the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms were stained by immunofluorescence to show the muscle fiber types composition and distribution in rotator cuff muscles of the rat. It was found that rotator cuff muscles in the rat were of mixed fiber type composition. The majority of rotator cuff fibers labeled positively for MyHCII. Moreover, the rat rotator cuff muscles contained hybrid fibers. So, compared with human rotator cuff muscles composed partly of slow‐twitch fibers, the majority of fast‐twitch fibers in rat rotator cuff muscles should be considered when the rat model study focus on the pathological process of rotator cuff muscles after injury. Gaining greater insight into muscle fiber types in rotator cuff muscles of the rat may contribute to elucidate the mechanism of pathological change in rotator cuff muscles‐related diseases. Anat Rec, 299:1397–1401, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the promoter of aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Artemisia annua
Authors: Wang Huanyan , Liu Wanhong , Qiu Fei , Chen Yupei , Zhang Fangyuan , Lan Xiaozhong , Chen Min , Zhang Haoxing , Liao Zhihua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn recent years, although several related genes had been cloned and characterized, the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), the newly cloned gene involved in artemisinin biosynthesis pathway, is still not clear. In this study, a 2,100‐bp ALDH1 promoter region fused with GUS reporter gene was stably transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana. Histochemical staining showed the methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and wounding treatment induced the GUS gene expression specifically in the trichomes of transgenic A. thaliana, consistent with the results that the expression level of ALDH1 gene was increased in the A. annua under MeJA and wounding treatments. Two RAA motifs (AP2/ERF binding site) but no W box (WRKY binding site) motif were identified in the ALDH1 promoter by the analysis through PLACE and plantCARE. Through the dual luciferase reporter assay, we revealed that both AaORA and AaERF2, rather than AaWRKY1, could activate the expression of ALDH1 promoter. Our study shed light on the in‐depth understanding of the role of ALDH1 in artemisinin biosynthesis.
Improving carbohydrate production of Chlorella sorokiniana NIES‐2168 through semi‐continuous process coupled with mixotrophic cultivation
Authors: Wang Yue , Chiu Sheng‐Yi , Ho Shih‐Hsin , Liu Zhuo , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Chang Ting‐Ting , Chang Kuan‐Fu , Chang Jo‐Shu , Ren Nan‐Qi , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBiofuels from microalgae is now a hot issue of great potential. However, achieving high starch productivity with photoautotrophic microalgae is still challenging. A feasible approach to enhance the growth and target product of microalgae is to conduct mixotrophic cultivation. The appropriate acetate addition combined with CO2 supply as dual carbon sources (i.e., mixotrophic cultivation) could enhance the cell growth of some microalgae species, but the effect of acetate‐mediated mixotrophic culture mode on carbohydrate accumulation in microalgae remains unclear. Moreover, there is still lack of the information concerning how to increase the productivity of carbohydrates from microalgae under acetate‐amended mixotrophic cultivation and how to optimize the engineering strategies to achieve the goal. This study was undertaken to develop an optimal acetate‐contained mixotrophic cultivation system coupled with effective operation strategies to markedly improve the carbohydrate productivity of Chlorella sorokiniana NIES‐2168. The optimal carbohydrate productivity of 695 mg/L/d was obtained, which is the highest value ever reported. The monosaccharide in the accumulated carbohydrates is mainly glucose (i.e., 85–90%), which is very suitable for bio‐alcohols fermentation. Hence, by applying the optimal process developed in this study, C. sorokiniana NIES‐2168 has a high potential to serve as a feedstock for subsequent biofuels conversion.
Porting the synthetic D‐glucaric acid pathway from Escherichia coli to Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gupta Amita , Hicks Michael A. , Manchester Shawn P. , Prather Kristala L. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractD‐Glucaric acid can be produced as a value‐added chemical from biomass through a de novo pathway in Escherichia coli. However, previous studies have identified pH‐mediated toxicity at product concentrations of 5 g/L and have also found the eukaryotic myo‐inositol oxygenase (MIOX) enzyme to be rate‐limiting. We ported this pathway to Saccaromyces
cerevisiae, which is naturally acid‐tolerant and evaluate a codon‐optimized MIOX homologue. We constructed two engineered yeast strains that were distinguished solely by their MIOX gene – either the previous version from Mus musculus or a homologue from Arabidopsis thaliana codon‐optimized for expression in S. cerevisiae – in order to identify the rate‐limiting steps for D‐glucaric acid production both from a fermentative and non‐fermentative carbon source. myo‐Inositol availability was found to be rate‐limiting from glucose in both strains and demonstrated to be dependent on growth rate, whereas the previously used M. musculus MIOX activity was found to be rate‐limiting from glycerol. Maximum titers were 0.56 g/L from glucose in batch mode, 0.98 g/L from glucose in fed‐batch mode, and 1.6 g/L from glucose supplemented with myo‐inositol. Future work focusing on the MIOX enzyme, the interplay between growth and production modes, and promoting aerobic respiration should further improve this pathway.
Identifying and retargeting transcriptional hot spots in the human genome
Authors: Cheng Joseph K. , Lewis Amanda M. , Kim Do Soon , Dyess Timothy , Alper Hal S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMammalian cell line development requires streamlined methodologies that will reduce both the cost and time to identify candidate cell lines. Improvements in site‐specific genomic editing techniques can result in flexible, predictable, and robust cell line engineering. However, an outstanding question in the field is the specific site of integration. Here, we seek to identify productive loci within the human genome that will result in stable, high expression of heterologous DNA. Using an unbiased, random integration approach and a green fluorescent reporter construct, we identify ten single‐integrant, recombinant human cell lines that exhibit stable, high‐level expression. From these cell lines, eight unique corresponding integration loci were identified. These loci are concentrated in non‐protein coding regions or intronic regions of protein coding genes. Expression mapping of the surrounding genes reveals minimal disruption of endogenous gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that targeted de novo integration at one of the identified loci, the 12th exon‐intron region of the GRIK1 gene on chromosome 21, results in superior expression and stability compared to the standard, illegitimate integration approach at levels approaching 4‐fold. The information identified here along with recent advances in site‐specific genomic editing techniques can lead to expedited cell line development.
Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi‐Enzyme Cascade Reactions – Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars
Authors: Wahl Claudia , Hirtz Dennis , Elling Lothar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir‐glycosyltransferases. Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi‐enzyme cascade reactions. Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP‐CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi‐enzyme cascade reactions. We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high‐throughput format. Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP‐CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP‐α‐D‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA) and UDP‐α‐D‐galactose (UDP‐Gal). In this way we achieve high space‐time‐yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP‐GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP‐Gal. The presented MP‐CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi‐enzyme cascade reactions.
Dynamic interactions of the cortical networks during thought suppression
Authors: Aso Toshihiko , Nishimura Kazuo , Kiyonaka Takashi , Aoki Takaaki , Inagawa Michiyo , Matsuhashi Masao , Tobinaga Yoshikazu , Fukuyama Hidenao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesThought suppression has spurred extensive research in clinical and preclinical fields, particularly with regard to the paradoxical aspects of this behavior. However, the involvement of the brain's inhibitory system in the dynamics underlying the continuous effort to suppress thoughts has yet to be clarified. This study aims to provide a unified perspective for the volitional suppression of internal events incorporating the current understanding of the brain's inhibitory system.Materials and MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed thought suppression blocks alternating with visual imagery blocks. The whole dataset was decomposed by group‐independent component analysis into 30 components. After discarding noise components, the 20 valid components were subjected to further analysis of their temporal properties including task‐relatedness and between‐component residual correlation.ResultsCombining a long task period and a data‐driven approach, we observed a right‐side‐dominant, lateral frontoparietal network to be strongly suppression related. This network exhibited increased fluctuation during suppression, which is compatible with the well‐known difficulty of suppression maintenance.ConclusionsBetween‐network correlation provided further insight into the coordinated engagement of the executive control and dorsal attention networks, as well as the reciprocal activation of imagery‐related components, thus revealing neural substrates associated with the rivalry between intrusive thoughts and the suppression process.
Production of a Novel Amide‐Containing Polyene by Activating a Cryptic Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces sp. MSC090213JE08
Authors: Du Danyao , Katsuyama Yohei , Onaka Hiroyasu , Fujie Manabu , Satoh Noriyuki , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStreptomyces sp. MSC090213JE08 seems to have more than 20 cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites. We aimed to activate some of them by forced production of Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP) family transcriptional activators. We constructed seven recombinant strains, each of which contained a SARP gene under the control of a constitutive promoter, and subjected them to comparative metabolic profiling analysis. Four of the seven strains produced nine metabolites that were hardly detected in the control strains. We isolated a new metabolite (named ishigamide) from the SARP‐7‐expressing strain and determined its structure as 3‐((2E,4E,6E,8E)‐13‐hydroxytetradeca‐2,4,6,8‐tetraenamido)propanoic acid. Genome scanning and gene disruption studies identified the ishigamide biosynthetic gene cluster adjacent to the SARP‐7 gene. We think that a new subfamily of type II polyketide synthase is involved in the biosynthesis of the polyene structure of ishigamide.
Biosynthesis of Trehangelin in Polymorphospora rubra K07–0510: Identification of Metabolic Pathway to Angelyl‐CoA
Authors: Inahashi Yuki , Shiraishi Taro , Palm Kaia , Takahashi Yoko , Ōmura Satoshi , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Nakashima Takuji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTrehangelins are trehalose angelates discovered from endophytic actinomycete Polymorphospora rubra K07‐0510. We identified the trehangelin biosynthetic gene cluster, including genes that encode a glycoside hydrolase‐like protein (thgC), α‐amylase (thgD), 3‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase III (thgI), 3‐ketoacyl‐ACP reductase (thgK), enoyl‐CoA hydratase (thgH) and acyl transferase (thgJ). Heterologous expression of thgH, thgI, thgJ and thgK confirmed the importance of these genes in the biosynthesis of trehangelin A. Enzymatic activity studies showed that ThgI catalyses the condensation of acetyl‐CoA and methylmalonyl‐CoA to 2‐methylacetoacetyl‐CoA (MAA‐CoA), ThgK catalyses NADPH‐dependent reduction of MAA‐CoA to 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutyryl‐CoA (HMB‐CoA) and ThgH catalyses the dehydration of HMB‐CoA to angelyl‐CoA (AN‐CoA). This is the first report on the elucidation of the enzymatic formation of AN‐CoA.
Transcatheter aortic valve‐in‐valve treatment of degenerative stentless supra‐annular Freedom Solo valves: A single centre experience
Authors: Cockburn James , Dooley Maureen , Parker Jessica , Hill Andrew , Hutchinson Nevil , de Belder Adam , Trivedi Uday , Hildick‐Smith David 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundRedo surgery for degenerative bioprosthetic aortic valves is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Report results of valve‐in‐valve therapy (ViV‐TAVI) in failed supra‐annular stentless Freedom Solo (FS) bioprostheses, which are the highest risk for coronary occlusion.MethodsSix patients with FS valves (mean age 78.5 years, 50% males). Five had valvular restenosis (peak gradient 87.2 mm Hg, valve area 0.63 cm2), one had severe regurgitation (AR). Median time to failure was 7 years.ResultsPatients were high risk (mean STS/Logistic EuroScore 10.6 15.8, respectively). FS valves ranged from 21 to 25 mm. Successful ViV‐TAVI was achieved in 4/6 patients (67%). Of the unsuccessful cases, (patient 1 and 2 of series) patient 1 underwent BAV with simultaneous aortography which revealed left main stem occlusion. The procedure was stopped and the patient went forward for repeat surgery. Patient 2 underwent successful ViV‐TAVI with a 26‐mm CoreValve with a guide catheter in the left main, but on removal coronary obstruction occurred, necessitating valve snaring into the aorta. Among the successful cases, (patients 3, 4, 5, 6) the TAVIs used were CoreValve Evolut R 23 mm (n = 3), and Lotus 23 mm (n = 1). In the successful cases the peak gradient fell from 83.0 to 38.3 mm Hg. No patient was left with >1+ AR. One patient had a stroke on Day 2, with full neurological recovery. Two patients underwent semi‐elective pacing for LBBB and PR >280 ms.ConclusionsViV‐TAVI in stentless Freedom Solo valves is high risk. The risk of coronary occlusion is high. The smallest possible prosthesis (1:1 sizing) should be used, and strategies to protect the coronary vessels must be considered. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contemporary practice patterns related to the risk of acute kidney injury in the catheterization laboratory: Results from a survey of Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) cardiologists
Authors: Prasad Anand , Sohn Aaron , Morales Jonathan , Williams Ken , Bailey Steven R. , Levin Daniel , McCullough Peter A. , Mehran Roxana , Lopez‐Cruz Georgina , Harder Joel 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe goal of the present study was to survey the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) member cardiologists to evaluate contemporary practice patterns with regards to contrast use, acute kidney injury (AKI) risk assessment, and prevention in patients undergoing invasive angiography. We sought to compare the physician responses against guideline statements and evidence‐based data from clinical studies.MethodsA 20‐question online survey based on a modified Likert scale was sent out via email to the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) member cardiologists. The survey questions focused on prophylaxis methods, medication management, risk assessment, contrast agent use, and postprocedure care. A scoring system was developed which examined the individual responses to analyze the 10 questions with the greatest strength of evidence in the literature and guidelines.ResultsThe survey was completed by 506 individuals. Selected responses of note included the use of standardized volume expansion protocols: 64.8%, use of iso‐osmolar contrast (iodixanol) in the majority of patients at risk of AKI: 55%, and 27% of individuals reported diluting contrast with saline for patients at risk of AKI during coronary angiography. For questions with support from guideline documents, 56.9% of the responses were scored as concordant with evidence‐based data. Individuals who reported that the risk of AKI was often or always important in planning angiography for “at risk patients” were more likely to closely monitor renal function (76.7% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.003), obtain nephrology consultation (45.2% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.016) and use iso‐osmolar contrast agents (56.0% vs. 26.7%, P = 0.033).ConclusionsThe majority of cardiologists participating in this survey, reported practice patterns consistent with guideline and evidence‐based recommendations. However, over 40% of responses to questions were inconsistent with these recommendations, suggesting continued opportunities for education and quality improvement concerning AKI prevention. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of imaging approach on radiation dose and associated cancer risk in children undergoing cardiac catheterization
Authors: Hill Kevin D. , Wang Chu , Einstein Andrew J. , Januzis Natalie , Nguyen Giao , Li Jennifer S. , Fleming Gregory A. , Yoshizumi Terry K. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo quantify the impact of image optimization on absorbed radiation dose and associated risk in children undergoing cardiac catheterization.BackgroundVarious imaging and fluoroscopy system technical parameters including camera magnification, source‐to‐image distance, collimation, antiscatter grids, beam quality, and pulse rates, all affect radiation dose but have not been well studied in younger children.MethodsWe used anthropomorphic phantoms (ages: newborn and 5 years old) to measure surface radiation exposure from various imaging approaches and estimated absorbed organ doses and effective doses (ED) using Monte Carlo simulations. Models developed in the National Academies' Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report were used to compare an imaging protocol optimized for dose reduction versus suboptimal imaging (+20 cm source‐to‐image‐distance, +1 magnification setting, no collimation) on lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer.ResultsFor the newborn and 5‐year‐old phantoms, respectively ED changes were as follows: +157% and +232% for an increase from 6‐inch to 10‐inch camera magnification; +61% and +59% for a 20 cm increase in source‐to‐image‐distance; −42% and −48% with addition of 1‐inch periphery collimation; −31% and −46% with removal of the antiscatter grid. Compared with an optimized protocol, suboptimal imaging increased ED by 2.75‐fold (newborn) and fourfold (5 years old). Estimated cancer LAR from 30‐min of posteroanterior fluoroscopy using optimized versus suboptimal imaging, respectively was 0.42% versus 1.23% (newborn female), 0.20% versus 0.53% (newborn male), 0.47% versus 1.70% (5‐year‐old female) and 0.16% versus 0.69% (5‐year‐old male).ConclusionsRadiation‐related risks to children undergoing cardiac catheterization can be substantial but are markedly reduced with an optimized imaging approach. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Cellulose at Carbon Electrodes Modified by Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Sugano Yasuhito , Kumar Narendra , Peurla Markus , Roine Jorma , Aho Atte , Bobacka Johan , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe influence of the size and oxidation state of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) as electrocatalysts for the electro‐oxidation of cellulose was studied. Carbon paper electrodes modified with AuNPs were used as the electrocatalysts for the electro‐oxidation of cellulose dissolved in 1.3 m NaOH. The size and oxidation state of the AuNPs were determined by using SEM, TEM, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both the size and the oxidation state of the AuNPs were found to influence the electrocatalytic properties of the electrode, as studied by using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The carbon paper electrodes decorated with AuNPs (less than 25 nm) that consist of metallic Au gave rise to a significantly higher electrocatalytic activity than a bare polycrystalline Au electrode.
Reactivity Study of Pyridyl‐Substituted 1‐Metalla‐2,5‐diaza‐cyclopenta‐2,4‐dienes of Group 4 Metallocenes
Authors: Becker Lisanne , Reiß Fabian , Altenburger Kai , Spannenberg Anke , Arndt Perdita , Jiao Haijun , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this work the reactivity of 1‐metalla‐2,5‐diaza‐cyclopenta‐2,4‐dienes of group 4 metallocenes, especially of the pyridyl‐substituted examples, towards small molecules is investigated. The addition of H2, CO2, Ph−C≡N, 2‐py−C≡N, 1,3‐dicyanobenzene or 2,6‐dicyanopyridine results in exchange reactions, which are accompanied by the elimination of a nitrile. For CO2, a coordination to the five‐membered cycle occurs in case of Cp*2Zr(N=C(2‐py)−C(2‐py)=N). A 1,4‐diaza‐buta‐1,3‐diene complex is formed by H‐transfer in the conversion of the analogous titanocene compound with CH3−C≡N, PhCH2−C≡N or acetone. For CH3−C≡N a coupling product of three acetonitrile molecules is established additionally. In order to split off the metallocene from the coupled nitriles, we examined reactions with HCl, PhPCl2, PhPSCl2 and SOCl2. In the last case, the respective thiadiazole oxides and the metallocene dichlorides were obtained. A subsequent reaction produced thiadiazoles.