bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacuum frying of fish tofu and effect on oil quality usage life
Authors: Yamsaengsung Ram , Yaeed Sutisa , Ophithakorn Thiwari 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAtmospheric frying (165 °C) and vacuum frying (120 °C at 21 kPa) conditions for the processing of fish tofu made from surimi were compared. The application of vacuum frying showed that it could be used to reduce the final oil content of the fish tofu. A high atmospheric frying temperature caused a high rate of increase of temperature toward the center of fried fish tofu and caused microstructure destruction. It could be a concern that changes to the moisture content was obstructed after 60 s. On the other hand, surface collapsing caused an increase of oil uptake because of adsorption into the damaged areas. The result could be due to a change in the structure that affected the oil adsorption of the fish tofu being fried. High temperature and oxidation caused dark coloration and affected the chemical properties of the frying oil. The b*, and ΔE values increased and a yellowing of the oil was observed as the number of frying batches increased. The PV and TBA indicated a high deterioration in the atmospheric frying oil quality. In contrast, the vacuum frying condition helped preserve the frying oil quality, while the light color of the product was maintained. The results supported the use of the vacuum frying process as a method for frying high quality fish tofu and conserving the quality of oil in the fish tofu.Practical applicationsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of vacuum frying on oil degradation when frying fish tofu made from surimi, or fish meats pastes. There are extensive reports on the benefits due to the vacuum frying process but until now it has not been reported how the vacuum frying process influences oil degradation of value‐added surimi. Thailand is one of the largest producers of surimi and fish tofu is one of the most popular export products. The process of frying under vacuum may be an alternative to replace the atmospheric frying of fish tofu and may result in long lifetime of frying oil. This study is a development together with entrepreneur to evaluate the benefits arising from the use of the vacuum frying process for the instant food from surimi. The result of the present study shows that a reduction in color and changes in oil quality factors were observed for the vacuum frying using the raw materials directly from the industry. The results of this study are beneficial for development into a test in large scale in the future. The quality of fish tofu improved using the new frying technique under vacuum and vacuum frying is an alternative frying method for conserving the quality of cooking oil.
Effects of Sound, Vocabulary, and Grammar Learning Aptitude on Adult Second Language Speech Attainment in Foreign Language Classrooms
Authors: Saito Kazuya 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between different types of language learning aptitude (measured via the LLAMA test) and adult second language (L2) learners’ attainment in speech production in English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) classrooms. Picture descriptions elicited from 50 Japanese EFL learners from varied proficiency levels were analyzed through a range of pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, and grammar measures. Results indicated that the learners’ aptitude test scores in phonemic coding, rote and associative memory, and language analytic ability were moderately associated with the phonological/morphological accuracy, fluency, and lexicogrammar complexity of production, which are linguistic aspects thought to be instrumental in the acquisition of advanced L2 oral ability. In contrast, aptitude–proficiency links were not found with respect to relatively implicit and incidental learning aptitude (sound recognition) and foundational aspects of proficiency (appropriate use of frequent words).Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Encouraging Spatial Talk: Using Children's Museums to Bolster Spatial Reasoning
Authors: Polinsky Naomi , Perez Jasmin , Grehl Mora , McCrink Koleen 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTLongitudinal spatial language intervention studies have shown that greater exposure to spatial language improves children's performance on spatial tasks. Can short naturalistic, spatial language interactions also evoke improved spatial performance? In this study, parents were asked to interact with their child at a block wall exhibit in a children's museum. Some parents were instructed to emphasize formal shape terms, others to emphasize spatial goals, and some were not provided scripts. Children were presented with a series of spatial reasoning tasks before and after this parental interaction, and the amount and type of spatial language during the training session was coded for parents and children. We found that (a) parents significantly increased their spatial language use when prompted, (b) children and parents used different types of spatial language in each of the scripted conditions, and (c) children's spatial language during the interaction, and not parents', predicts children's subsequent improved puzzle performance.
Iterative ontogenetic development of ammonoid conch shapes from the Devonian through to the Jurassic
Authors: Walton Sonny A. , Korn Dieter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe measured longitudinal growth in conch cross‐sections of 177 Devonian to Jurassic ammonoid species to test whether conch ontogenetic development parallels the iterative evolution of pachyconic or globular conch shapes. Ontogenetic trajectories of two cardinal conch parameters, conch width index and umbilical width index, show a few common recurring ontogenetic pathways in terms of the number of ontogenetic phases. The most common, with three phases in the conch width index (decrease–increase–decrease) and umbilical width index (increase–decrease–increase), is termed here C‐mode ontogeny (after the Carboniferous genus Cravenoceras). Many of the studied globular Palaeozoic and Triassic species (of the latter, particularly the arcestid ammonoids) share principal patterns in the triphasic C‐mode conch ontogeny in closely related groups but also between unrelated groups as well. The repetition of conch growth patterns is an example of convergent evolution of the entire life history of globular ammonoids. The studied Jurassic globular shaped ammonoids deviate from the growth patterns seen in earlier groups showing less pronounced ontogenetic trajectories with nearly isometric or weakly asymmetric growth without distinct phases. This trajectory is termed here M‐mode ontogeny (after the Jurassic genus Macrocephalites). No major change in the ontogenetic modes of pachyconic and globular ammonoids occurred moving from the Palaeozoic into the Mesozoic; the survivors of the end‐Permian extinction event iteratively developed conch ontogenies similar to those of Palaeozoic forms. In contrast, the Triassic–Jurassic boundary marks the major event with the evolution of some cardinal conch parameters relating to globular ammonoid ontogeny.
Diversity, Trust, and Social Learning in Collaborative Governance
Authors: Siddiki Saba , Kim Jangmin , Leach William D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractScholarship on collaborative governance identifies several structural and procedural factors that consistently influence governance outcomes. A promising next step for collaborative governance research is to explore how these factors interact. Focusing on two dimensions of social learning—relational and cognitive—as outcomes of collaboration, this article examines potential interacting effects of participant diversity and trust. The empirical setting entails 10 collaborative partnerships in the United States that provide advice on marine aquaculture policy. The findings indicate that diversity in beliefs among participants is positively related to relational learning, whereas diversity in participants' affiliations is negatively related to relational learning, and high trust bolsters the positive effects of belief diversity on both relational and cognitive learning. In addition, high trust dampens the negative effects of affiliation diversity on relational learning. A more nuanced understanding of diversity in collaborative governance has practical implications for the design and facilitation of diverse stakeholder groups.
The Spatial Concentration of America's Rural Poor Population: A Postrecession Update
Authors: Thiede Brian , Kim Hyojung , Valasik Matthew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article examines changes in concentrated poverty in the rural United States between 2000 and 2012. Using data from the decennial census and American Community Survey, we address three main objectives. First, we document changes in the number and share of counties with poverty rates above 20, 30, and 40 percent, stratifying our sample by metropolitan status. Second, we use exploratory spatial methods to identify geographic patterns in county‐level poverty dynamics between 2000 and 2012. Third, we estimate the share of the population living in high‐poverty counties, and track changes over time and by race and poverty status. Overall, we find a substantial increase in concentrated poverty since 2000. Increases in both the number of high‐poverty counties and the share of the population living in these counties were widespread, though spatially and temporally uneven in some cases. We also observe convergence in concentrated poverty between rural and micropolitan areas, and between non‐Hispanic white and Hispanic populations. Overall, we observe a reversal of the declines in concentrated poverty that occurred in the 1990s, and find that in many cases this trend began prior to the Great Recession.
Effect of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on malaria occurrence among HIV‐infected adults in West Africa: the MALHIV Study
Authors: Eholié Serge P. , Ello Frédéric N. , Coffie Patrick A. , Héma Arsène , Minta Daouda K. , Sawadogo Adrien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionCotrimoxazole (CTX) should be given to all HIV‐infected adults with mild or severe HIV‐disease or those with CD4 counts below 350/mm3 according to 2006 WHO guidelines. We assessed the impact of CTX prophylaxis on the risk of malaria episodes in HIV‐1‐infected adults from four West African countries with different patterns of malaria transmission.MethodMulticentric cohort study, conducted between September 2007 and March 2010 in four West African cities. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve HIV‐infected adults started CTX at enrolment (CTX group) if they had CD4 < 350 cells/mm3 or were at WHO clinical stage ≥2. For patients who did not start CTX at enrolment (non‐CTX group) and started CTX afterwards, follow‐up was censored at CTX initiation. We used Cox's proportional hazard model to compare the risk of malaria between CTX groups.ResultsA total of 514 participants (median CD4 count 238 cells/mm3) were followed for a median of 15 months. At enrolment, 347 started CTX, and 261 started ART. During the follow‐up, 28 started CTX. The incidence of malaria was 8.7/100 PY (95%CI 6.3–11.5) overall, 5.2/100 PY (95%CI 3.1–8.3) in the CTX group and 15.5/100 PY (95%CI 10.3–22.1) in the non‐CTX group. In multivariate analysis, CTX led to a 69% reduction in the risk of malaria (aHR 0.31, 95%CI 0.10–0.90).ConclusionPatients in the CTX group had an adjusted risk of malaria three times lower than those in the non‐CTX group. The prolonged large‐scale use of CTX did not blunt the efficacy of CTX to prevent malaria in this region.
Multicenter study to evaluate a new enumeration method for hematopoietic stem cell collection management
Authors: Grommé Monique , Russcher Henk , Braakman Eric , Klinkspoor J. Henriëtte , Dobber Johan A. , de Greef Inge , de Wit Norbert C.J. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDCD34 flow cytometry is the gold standard for stem cell enumeration in peripheral blood at the mobilization stage and in the final apheresis product. The new stem cell mode of the Sysmex XN Series analyzer enumerates an immature cell population in the white progenitor and pathological cell (WPC) channel, based on the cell size, internal cellular complexity, and fluorescence intensity.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this multicenter study we analyzed 147 peripheral blood samples, 22 samples during collection of stem cells, and 45 samples from the apheresis product of 18 healthy allogeneic donors and 84 autologous patients.RESULTSIn this multicenter study we demonstrate that the XN stem cell enumeration method correlates well with viable CD34+ cells determined by flow cytometry during the stem cell mobilization phase to determine apheresis start time, during apheresis for real‐time monitoring and adjustment, and for quality control of the final stem cell harvest.CONCLUSIONOur data show that there is an improvement in the correlation of XN stem cells and CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood during stem cell mobilization as well as in stem cell harvests compared to SE or XE Series analyzers. The XN stem cell enumeration method has a number of advantages compared to CD34 flow cytometry: it is fast, simple, reproducible, and less expensive. CE marking for the European market has been obtained, making the stem cell count on the XN analyzer a reportable clinical variable.
Spike threshold dynamics in spinal motoneurons during scratching and swimming
Authors: Grigonis Ramunas , Alaburda Aidas 
Published: June 2017

Key points
Action potential threshold can vary depending on firing history and synaptic inputs.
We used an ex vivo carapace–spinal cord preparation from adult turtles to study spike threshold dynamics in motoneurons during two distinct types of functional motor behaviour – fictive scratching and fictive swimming.
The threshold potential depolarizes by about 10 mV within each burst of spikes generated during scratch and swim network activity and recovers between bursts to a slightly depolarized level.
Slow synaptic integration resulting in a wave of membrane potential depolarization is the factor influencing the threshold potential within firing bursts during motor behaviours.
Depolarization of the threshold potential decreases the excitability of motoneurons and may provide a mechanism for stabilization of the response of a motoneuron to intense synaptic inputs to maintain the motor commands within an optimal range for muscle activation.
AbstractDuring functional spinal neural network activity motoneurons receive intense synaptic input, and this could modulate the threshold for action potential generation, providing the ability to dynamically adjust the excitability and recruitment order for functional needs. In the present study we investigated the dynamics of action potential threshold during motor network activity. Intracellular recordings from spinal motoneurons in an ex vivo carapace–spinal cord preparation from adult turtles were performed during two distinct types of motor behaviour – fictive scratching and fictive swimming. We found that the threshold of the first spike in episodes of scratching and swimming was the lowest. The threshold potential depolarizes by about 10 mV within each burst of spikes generated during scratch and swim network activity and recovers between bursts to a slightly depolarized level. Depolarization of the threshold potential results in decreased excitability of motoneurons. Synaptic inputs do not modulate the threshold of the first action potential during episodes of scratching or of swimming. There is no correlation between changes in spike threshold and interspike intervals within bursts. Slow synaptic integration that results in a wave of membrane potential depolarization rather than fast synaptic events preceding each spike is the factor influencing the threshold potential within firing bursts during motor behaviours.
Outbreak of CTX-M-15-Producing Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O159:H20 in the Republic of Korea in 2016
Authors: Kim Jin Seok , Park Jungsun , Shin Eunkyung , Kim Soojin , Oh Sung Suck , Yang Hyo-Jin , Kim Dae-Won , Oh Kyung-Hwan , Kim Yonghoon , Kim Min , Kwon Mun Ju , Na Kyoungin , Lee Jin , Cho En-hi , Kang Byung-Hak , Kwak Hyo-Sun , Seong Won Keun , Kim Junyoung 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

We investigated an outbreak of enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) O159:H20 associated with the consumption of a tossed-noodle dish in a high school in 2016. Thirty-three ETEC strains isolated from clinical and food samples were genetically indistinguishable. The outbreak strains were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and harbored a
bla
CTX-M-15
gene on a 97-kb self-transferable IncK plasmid. This is the first outbreak caused by CTX-M-15-producing ETEC strains.
Prophylactic Treatment with VT-1161 Protects Immunosuppressed Mice from Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus Infection
Authors: Gebremariam Teclegiorgis , Alkhazraji Sondus , Lin Lin , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Garvey Edward P. , Hoekstra William J. , Schotzinger Robert J. , Patterson Thomas F. , Filler Scott G. , Ibrahim Ashraf S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

We compared prophylactic or continuous therapy with the investigational drug VT-1161 to that with posaconazole in treating murine mucormycosis due to
Rhizopus arrhizus
var.
arrhizus
. In the prophylaxis studies, only VT-1161 resulted in improved survival and lowered tissue fungal burden of immunosuppressed infected mice. In the continuous therapy, VT-1161 outperformed posaconazole in prolonging mouse survival time despite its comparable effect in lowering tissue fungal burden. These results support the further development of VT-1161 against mucormycosis.
Potent Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication in Resting CD4 T Cells by Resveratrol and Pterostilbene
Authors: Chan Chi N. , Trinité Benjamin , Levy David N. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
HIV-1 infection of resting CD4 T cells plays a crucial and numerically dominant role during virus transmission at mucosal sites and during subsequent acute replication and T cell depletion. Resveratrol and pterostilbene are plant stilbenoids associated with several health-promoting benefits. Resveratrol has been shown to inhibit the replication of several viruses, including herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, papillomaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, and influenza virus. Alone, resveratrol does not inhibit HIV-1 infection of activated T cells, but it does synergize with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in these cells to inhibit reverse transcription. Here, we demonstrate that resveratrol and pterostilbene completely block HIV-1 infection at a low micromolar dose in resting CD4 T cells, primarily at the reverse transcription step. The anti-HIV effect was fully reversed by exogenous deoxynucleosides and Vpx, an HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus protein that increases deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels. These findings are consistent with the reported ability of resveratrol to inhibit ribonucleotide reductase and to lower dNTP levels in cells. This study supports the potential use of resveratrol, pterostilbene, or related compounds as adjuvants in anti-HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) formulations.
Multicenter Study of the Relationship between Carbapenem MIC Values and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acinetobacter Bacteremia
Authors: Yang Ya-Sung , Wang Yung-Chih , Kuo Shu-Chen , Chen Chung-Ting , Liu Chang-Pan , Liu Yuag-Meng , Chen Te-Li , Lee Yi-Tzu 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) offer different recommendations for carbapenem MIC susceptibility breakpoints for
Acinetobacter
species. In addition, the clinical efficacy of the intermediate category remains uncertain. This study was designed to determine the optimal predictive breakpoints based on the survival of patients with
Acinetobacter
bacteremia treated with a carbapenem. We analyzed the 30-day mortality rates of 224 adults who received initial carbapenem monotherapy for the treatment of
Acinetobacter
bacteremia at 4 medical centers over a 5-year period, according to the carbapenem MICs of the initial isolates. The 30-day mortality was about 2-fold greater in patients whose isolates had carbapenem MICs of ≥8 mg/liter than in those with isolates with MICs of ≤4 mg/liter. The differences were significant by bivariate analysis (53.1% [60/113] versus 25.2% [28/111], respectively;
P
< 0.001) and on survival analysis by the log rank test (
P
< 0.001). Classification and regression tree analysis revealed a split between MICs of 4 and 8 mg/liter and predicted the same difference in mortality, with a
P
value of <0.001. Carbapenem treatment for
Acinetobacter
bacteremia caused by isolates with carbapenem MICs of ≥8 mg/liter was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 4.218; 95% confidence interval, 2.213 to 8.039;
P
< 0.001). This study revealed that patients with
Acinetobacter
bacteremia treated with a carbapenem had a more favorable outcome when the carbapenem MICs of their isolates were ≤4 mg/liter than those with MICs of ≥8 mg/liter.
Both MisR (CpxR) and MisS (CpxA) Are Required for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection in a Murine Model of Lower Genital Tract Infection
Authors: Gangaiah Dharanesh , Raterman Erica L. , Wu Hong , Fortney Kate R. , Gao Hongyu , Liu Yunlong , Jerse Ann E. , Spinola Stanley M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

During infection,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
senses and responds to stress; such responses may be modulated by MisRS (NGO0177 and NGO0176), a two-component system that is a homolog of CpxRA. In
Escherichia coli
, CpxRA senses and responds to envelope stress; CpxA is a sensor kinase/phosphatase for CpxR, a response regulator. When a
cpxA
mutant is grown in medium containing glucose, CpxR is phosphorylated by acetyl phosphate but cannot be dephosphorylated, resulting in constitutive activation. Kandler and coworkers (J. L. Kandler, C. L. Holley, J. L. Reimche, V. Dhulipala, J. T. Balthazar, A. Muszyński, R. W. Carlson, and W. M. Shafer, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60:4690–4700, 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00823-16
) showed that MisR (CpxR) is required for the maintenance of membrane integrity and resistance to antimicrobial peptides, suggesting a role in gonococcal survival
in vivo
. Here, we evaluated the contributions of MisR and MisS (CpxA) to gonococcal infection in a murine model of cervicovaginal colonization and identified MisR-regulated genes using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The deletion of
misR
or
misS
severely reduced the capacity of
N. gonorrhoeae
to colonize mice or maintain infection over a 7-day period and reduced microbial fitness after exposure to heat shock. Compared to the wild type (WT), the inactivation of
misR
identified 157 differentially regulated genes, most of which encoded putative envelope proteins. The inactivation of
misS
identified 17 differentially regulated genes compared to the WT and 139 differentially regulated genes compared to the
misR
mutant, 111 of which overlapped those differentially expressed in the comparison of the WT versus the
misR
mutant. These data indicate that an intact MisRS system is required for gonococcal infection of mice. Provided the MisR is constitutively phosphorylated in the
misS
mutant, the data suggest that controlled but not constitutive activation is required for gonococcal infection in mice.