bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related presence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in young and adult yellow‐legged gulls (Larus michahellis) in Croatia
Authors: Ječmenica Biljana , Duvnjak Sanja , Humski Andrea , Taylor Louie Thomas , Kralj Jelena , Krstulović Fani , Amšel Zelenika Tajana , Mašović Viktor , Jurinović Luka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe epidemiology of Campylobacter species in wild birds is still poorly understood. This study describes the occurrence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter in adult and nestlings of yellow‐legged gulls, highlighting differences between breeding locations. The gulls were captured in Croatia between 2021 and 2023. A cloacal swab was taken from each individual and tested for the presence of Campylobacter. Isolated Campylobacter species were genotyped using the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. A total of 1071 gulls were captured and sampled, of which 152 samples were identified as Campylobacter species, with Campylobacter jejuni (9.90%) being the most frequently isolated bacterium, followed by Campylobacter lari (3.36%) and Campylobacter coli (0.93%). Complete sequence type (ST) profiles were generated for 141 isolates: 100 C. jejuni, 33 C. lari, and 8 C. coli. A significant difference in the occurrence of positive Campylobacter species was found depending on the sampling sites, while both sampling site and age were significant for the occurrence of C. jejuni. Adults and nestlings showed high genetic diversity for C. jejuni and C. lari, and there were no significant differences between strains isolated from adults and nestlings or between sites, suggesting a high genotype flow in the studied gull population.
Associations of age and sex with characteristics of extracellular vesicles and protein‐enriched fractions of blood plasma
Authors: Huang Yiyao , Feng Junjie , Xu Jiannan , Dong Liang , Su Wanting , Li Bo , Witwer Kenneth W. , Zheng Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles that are released by various cell types and play vital roles in intercellular communication. They carry biological molecules reflecting the physiological and pathological states of their source cells and tissues, showing potential as biomarkers. However, the impact of demographic factors like age and sex on the properties of blood plasma EVs remains underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating how these factors influence the particle count and proteomic profiles of plasma EV preparations and corresponding protein fractions. Plasma samples from 120 healthy volunteers were collected and pooled into six groups: young males (age: 27.6 ± 4.0), young females (27.4 ± 3.8), middle‐aged males (48.8 ± 3.8), middle‐aged females (48.9 ± 3.9), old males (69.3 ± 3.9), and old females (69.4 ± 4.3). EV‐ and protein‐enriched fractions were separated by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). Fractions were characterized for particle number concentration and protein composition to identify characteristics affected by age and biological sex. Plasma EVs and corresponding protein fractions exhibited distinct characteristics, with differential enrichment of markers related to EVs and other blood components, including lipoproteins. Proteomic profiles of both EVs and protein fractions displayed sex‐ and age‐dependent differences. Differentially abundant proteins displayed functions previously identified in the context of aging and sex differences, highlighting their utility as biomarkers. Age and sex significantly affect the characteristics of plasma EVs and proteins, potentially influencing their efficacy and interpretation as biomarkers in clinical applications. This study lays the groundwork for detailed mechanistic research to understand how EVs mediate age‐ and sex‐related effects in health.
Mapping epidermal and dermal cellular senescence in human skin aging
Authors: Yu Grace T. , Ganier Clarisse , Allison David B. , Tchkonia Tamara , Khosla Sundeep , Kirkland James L. , Lynch Magnus D. , Wyles Saranya P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics enable unprecedented insight into cellular and molecular pathways implicated in human skin aging and regeneration. Senescent cells are individual cells that are irreversibly cell cycle arrested and can accumulate across the human lifespan due to cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic stressors. With an atlas of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, epidermal and dermal senescence and its effects were investigated, with a focus on melanocytes and fibroblasts. Photoaging due to ultraviolet light exposure was associated with higher burdens of senescent cells, a sign of biological aging, compared to chronological aging. A skin‐specific cellular senescence gene set, termed SenSkin™, was curated and confirmed to be elevated in the context of photoaging, chronological aging, and non‐replicating CDKN1A+ (p21) cells. In the epidermis, senescent melanocytes were associated with elevated melanin synthesis, suggesting haphazard pigmentation, while in the dermis, senescent reticular dermal fibroblasts were associated with decreased collagen and elastic fiber synthesis. Spatial analysis revealed the tendency for senescent cells to cluster, particularly in photoaged skin. This work proposes a strategy for characterizing age‐related skin dysfunction through the lens of cellular senescence and suggests a role for senescent epidermal cells (i.e., melanocytes) and senescent dermal cells (i.e., reticular dermal fibroblasts) in age‐related skin sequelae.
Effect of a small increase in off‐premises trading hours on alcohol sales in Norway: A stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bergsvik Daniel , Grøtting Maja Weemes , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsEvidence of the effect of limiting off‐premises alcohol trading hours is still scarce. This study tested the effect of a small extension in trading hours on alcohol sales in alcohol monopoly outlets in Norway.DesignThe extension of trading hours was implemented within a stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized trial design. Eligible state monopoly outlets (n = 229) were clustered into trade districts (n = 62), which were block‐randomized to one of three sequences regarding date of implementation: 1 September 2020 (n = 21 districts, 82 outlets), 1 December 2020 (n = 21 districts, 73 outlets) and 1 March 2021 (n = 20 districts, 74 outlets). Outcomes were followed‐up for a 1‐year period.Setting and participantsStudy participants were state monopoly outlets in urban and rural trade districts in all parts of Norway.MeasurementsMonthly alcohol sales in litres of pure alcohol per trade district and per outlet were measured from March 2020 to March 2022 (primary outcome). We applied a linear mixed‐effect model with two‐way fixed effects within a difference‐in‐difference framework. As a robustness check we considered the effects of cross‐border trade and effects in subgroups of outlets. Trading hours in monopoly outlets were extended by 1 hour on Saturdays. The extension was permanent. Pre‐intervention periods and not‐yet‐treated units served as control conditions.FindingsWe did not find a statistically significant effect of the small extension in trading hours on monthly alcohol sales (i) per trade district [average treatment effect: −185.5 litres, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1159.9, 788.9] and (ii) per outlet (−35.3 litres, 95% CI = −142.1, 72.0). These findings were consistent across estimation methods and model specifications.ConclusionThere is no clear evidence that a small extension in off‐premises trading hours affected alcohol sales in monopoly outlets in Norway.
Factors related to the use of physical restraints and hand restraints among older adults receiving home care services
Authors: Weng Cheng‐Chie , Lee Jen‐Hsin , Chen Mei‐Tin , Chang Pei‐Chi , Li Ya‐Ching , Kuo Yi‐Chun , Fan Sheng‐Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesPhysical restraints and hand restraints are used in medical settings to provide protection and control. However, few studies have investigated their use among community‐dwelling older adults. The study explored variables associated with the use of physical restraints and hand restraints among older adults receiving home care services and the reasons behind their use.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 128 older adults receiving home care services and with catheters. Data were collected regarding demographic characteristics; activities of daily living (ADLs); muscle strength; family function; the use of nasogastric tubes, urinary catheters, and tracheal tubes; and the type and duration of restraint use and the reasons behind such use.ResultsAmong the participants, 76% experienced the use of physical restraints, and 34% experienced the use of hand restraints. The variables related to physical restraints were ADLs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.95, p = .02) and the presence of a paid caregiver (AOR = 3.33, p = .02). The variables related to hand restraints were ADLs (AOR = 0.93, p = .03), use of a nasogastric tube (AOR = 13.46, p = .03) and the presence of a paid caregiver (AOR = 6.38, p = .02). The primary reasons behind restraint use were to prevent fall and extubation events.ConclusionsThe use of physical restraints among older adults with catheters may be affected by their functioning in ADLs and the presence of paid caregivers to ensure their safety. Thus, implementing interventions that target functional capabilities and caregiving skills may help reduce the use of restraints.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of garadacimab for preventing hereditary angioedema attacks: Phase 3 open‐label extension study
Authors: Reshef Avner , Hsu Connie , Katelaris Constance H. , Li Philip H. , Magerl Markus , Yamagami Keiko , Guilarte Mar , Keith Paul K. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Lawo John‐Philip , Shetty Harsha , Pollen Maressa , Wieman Lolis , Craig Tim J. ,   the VANGUARD Study Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a chronic, unpredictable disease. Long‐term prophylactic treatments that offer durable efficacy, safety, and convenience are required to assist patients in achieving complete disease control, per international guidelines. We report an interim analysis of an ongoing phase 3 (VANGUARD) open‐label extension (OLE) study evaluating the long‐term safety and efficacy of garadacimab for HAE prophylaxis.MethodsAdults and adolescents aged ≥12 years with HAE previously participating in phase 2 and pivotal phase 3 (VANGUARD) studies were rolled over to an OLE, alongside newly enrolled patients. Patients received garadacimab 200 mg subcutaneously, once monthly for ≥12 months. The primary endpoint was treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in patients with C1 inhibitor deficiency/dysfunction.ResultsAt data cut‐off (February 13, 2023; N = 161), median (interquartile range) exposure was 13.8 months (11.9–16.3). For the primary endpoint, 133/159 patients experienced ≥1 TEAE (524 events), equivalent to 0.23 events/administration and 2.84 events/patient‐year. Garadacimab‐related TEAEs (13% of patients, 52 events) were most commonly injection‐site reactions (ISRs). No deaths occurred. One patient discontinued treatment due to garadacimab‐related moderate ISR. Most TEAEs were mild/moderate; three events were serious (COVID‐19, two events; abdominal HAE attack, one event) and not garadacimab related. No abnormal bleeding, thromboembolic, severe hypersensitivity, or anaphylactic events were observed. Mean HAE attack rate decreased by 95% from the run‐in period; 60% of patients were attack‐free. Almost all patients (93%) rated their response to garadacimab as “good” or “excellent.”ConclusionGaradacimab has a favorable safety profile suitable for long‐term use and provides durable protection against HAE attacks.
The problem of criminal charisma: State authority and the politics of narcocultura in Mexico's drug war
Authors: Mondragón‐Celis Agnes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines Mexico's “war on drug trafficking” through its affective and ideological dimensions. By ethnographically exploring two sites of official representations of organized crime in Mexico City—the Secretariat of Defense's Drug Museum and the Institute to Give Back What Was Stolen from the People—I analyze the strategies through which the Mexican state acknowledges and addresses criminality's charisma as a key challenge to its authority. In these official representations, the drug world becomes visible in partial and selective ways, such as through drug traffickers’ confiscated possessions, which project ideas of extravagant capitalist consumption and transgressive social mobility. The state's inevitable failure to contain or redirect this criminal charisma is a symptom of a deeper problem. Such charisma is a key element constituting organized crime as a political actor that menaces state power. It does so not only through violence, but also by means of its capacity to align and organize publics ideologically by doubling and mimicking the state's forms of meaning‐making and valuation.
Time critical diagnoses and transfers of patients with acute type A aortic dissection in the UK: national audit of current practice*
Authors: Gilbey Tom , Milne Benjamin , Agarwal Seema , Choi Siu‐Wai , Kendall Simon , Arrowsmith Joseph E. , Kunst Gudrun ,   the ACTACC Linkperson Network
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundType A aortic dissection repair is one of the most common emergency cardiac surgical procedures undertaken in the UK and has a high mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt surgery by an expert cardiac surgical team is crucial. Little is known about the patient's journey from first symptoms until surgery.MethodsThe Association for Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care undertook a prospective national audit of the management of type A aortic dissection in the UK.ResultsThe details of 334 patients with type A aortic dissection were reported by 28 UK cardiac centres over 12 months. Median (IQR [range]) time from onset of symptoms until arrival in an emergency department was 2.3 (1.4–4.7 [0.1–491.6]) h. Median (IQR [range]) time between arrival in the emergency department and the start of surgery was 9.5 (6.1–18.2 [0.8–363.5]) h. Delays in diagnosis and transfers were reported in 158 (47.3%) patients. Fifty‐two patients (15.6%) had an initial misdiagnosis. The condition of 56 patients (16.8%) deteriorated clinically before arrival in the operating theatre. A medical doctor accompanied 50 patients (15.0%) during transfer. Sixty‐four patients (19.2%) died in hospital with 41 (12.3%) dying within the first 5 days after surgery.ConclusionsThis audit provides a snapshot of current practice for patients with type A aortic dissection in the UK. Our findings show the acuity, clinical severity and vulnerability of patients with type A aortic dissection, and the deficits in the process of diagnosis and the quality of transfer. This audit demonstrates the need for the implementation of comprehensive, regionally governed, interdisciplinary medical management for every patient with type A aortic dissection.
Delayed‐onset vocal cord palsy after thyroidectomy occurring despite normal initial post‐operative endoscopy
Authors: Ren Tianrui , Manning Stephanie , Lee James C. , Serpell Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a known complication of thyroidectomy. Most cases manifest immediately and are promptly recognized. Rarely, some patients experience delayed‐onset vocal cord palsy. This can occur despite normal findings on intra‐operative nerve monitoring and initial post‐operative endoscopy. This can cause considerable distress for patients, and its incidence and prognosis should be recognized.MethodologyWe report seven patients experiencing delayed‐onset RLN palsy (RLNP) after thyroidectomy. All had normal findings on pre‐operative flexible nasoendoscopy (FNE), intra‐operative nerve monitoring at conclusion of surgery, and initial post‐operative FNE. All diagnoses of RLNP were confirmed on endoscopy. Serial FNE examinations were performed to evaluate recovery.ResultsOf seven patients (43% male, median age 65 years), the median timing of delayed‐onset RLNP was 12 (range 9–35) days. RLNP was diagnosed on the unilateral side of surgery in six out of seven patients (86%). All received conservative management, including referral to voice therapy. All seven patients recovered vocal cord function after a median duration of 24 weeks (range 8–52 weeks), and six within ~6 months (28 weeks). The incidence of this complication was 0.1% (among 6607 thyroidectomies).ConclusionWe report the first Australian series of delayed‐onset vocal cord palsy after thyroidectomy. We explore its prognosis, discussing different pathophysiological mechanisms and the timeframe for recovery compared to most other RLN injuries. This may assist recognition of a rare complication, reassure patients, and facilitate early intervention to improve a patient's quality of life.
Assessing anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery via three‐dimensional CT angiography and laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Zhao Botian , Ding Yuanyi , Hu Xuhua , Guo Peiyuan , Yu Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the anatomical relationships and differences between the superior mesenteric vessels and their branches by reviewing a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy surgery video and comparing it with preoperative three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) angiography and to verify the accuracy of 3D‐CT vascular reconstruction techniques.MethodsSurgical videos and preoperative imaging data of 52 patients undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy were analysed to observe and summarize the probability of occurrence and adjacency of superior mesenteric vascular branches, and the lengths of specific sites of their branches were measured using the above two methods.ResultsPreoperative CT images and surgical video showed that the ileocolic artery (ICA) was present in 98.1% (51/52) and the ileocolic vein (ICV) was present in 100% (52/52), and ICA was present in 13.7% (7/51) of the ICV directly anteriorly, 13.7% (7/51) anteriorly superiorly, 3.9% (2/51) anteriorly inferiorly, 11.8% (6/51) directly posteriorly, 37.2% (19/51) post superiorly, and 19.7% (10/51) posteriorly inferiorly. In the surgical video, the probability of presence of the right colic artery (RCA) was 21.2% (11/52). On CT images, the RCA was present in 10 patients. The length of the origin of the middle colic artery (MCA) from its bifurcations was 2.33 ± 0.87 cm measured intraoperatively using a sterile isometric filament, and the length measured using 3D‐CT vascular reconstruction was 2.36 ± 0.91 cm; the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.348). The length of the MCA and ICA initiation points was 3.22 ± 0.75 cm measured intraoperatively using sterile isometric filaments and 3.36 ± 0.72 cm measured using 3D‐CT vascular reconstruction, which was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001).Conclusions3D‐CT vascular reconstruction can accurately predict the vessels related to right hemicolectomy in most cases. It is an important method for preoperative prediction of superior mesenteric vessels, which can guide surgeons in the intraoperative vessel identification.
Editorial: Effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in ulcerative colitis—Where we are now in real life
Authors: Mocci Giammarco , Tursi Antonio 
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Chaparro et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18230 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18316
Editorial: Re‐evaluating early surgery in Ileocaecal Crohn's disease
Authors: Pillay Leshni , Christensen Britt 
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Grellier et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18247 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18320.
America's foreign policy after Biden: What can the Indo‐Pacific region expect?
Authors: Tan See Seng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhat might the foreign policy of a potential Trump presidency or that of a Harris presidency look like, and what could their respective implications for the Indo‐Pacific be? The likelihood that Trump will revive his “America First” doctrine, including his trade war with China, suggests that the region may be in for another bumpy ride from a “Trump 2.0.” A Harris presidency will likely continue Biden's policy in engaging deeply (but selectively) with the Indo‐Pacific, while “de‐risking” America from China and resisting Chinese efforts to delimit the global commons and deny others access to it. Whether led by Trump or Harris, it is likely that the United States will proactively take on China but in slightly different ways. In either instance, Southeast Asia stands to benefit if the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries play their cards right, but it will be in terms of their perceived usefulness to America's effort to counter China.
Evaluating the feasibility of using plant‐specific metabarcoding to assess forest types from soil eDNA
Authors: Ariza Maria , Engelstad Mari , Lieungh Eva , Laux Marcele , Ready Jonathan , Mauvisseau Quentin , Halvorsen Rune , de Boer Hugo J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuestionsAn essential aspect of variation in natural systems is that species respond to complex environmental gradients. Recognizing plant composition gradients associated with abiotic factors (ecoclines) can be foundational for defining habitat types, which, in turn, helps map natural variation. Typically, ecoclinal structures are assessed through visual evaluation of above‐ground vegetation and analysis of covarying abiotic factors. However, the correlation between ecological structures detected by soil eDNA plant assessments and those identified by visual assessment remains largely unexplored.LocationHvaler archipelago, southern Norway.MethodsPlant diversity assessments were conducted using metabarcoding of the trnL (UUA) intron p6 loop and ITS2 from 31 soil samples collected across six forest types. These forest types span gradients related to drought risk and calcium richness.ResultsThe barcode amplicons identified 70 plant taxa, primarily vascular plants (67), with most assigned to the species level (59), representing common forest taxa across the sites. Comparisons between soil eDNA compositions and theoretical forest‐type compositions showed a low to medium correspondence (26% to 76%) between the two. Ordinations of soil eDNA compositions revealed two axes without clear ecological interpretation and correlated poorly with the calcium–richness gradient previously identified by visual assessments.ConclusionsOverall, our results emphasize the necessity for comprehensive sequence reference libraries to conduct thorough plant biodiversity assessments. They also highlight the potential of soil eDNA to assess plant composition, which can aid in ecosystem mapping.