bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Enteroviruses Isolated from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Poland, 1999–2014
Authors: WIECZOREK MAGDALENA , KRZYSZTOSZEK ARLETA 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are among viral pathogens that can cause acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). This study represents an overview of EVs isolated through AFP surveillance in Poland between 1999 and 2014. The presence of enteroviruses was studied in stool samples that were collected from 747 AFP cases and their asymptomatic contacts. Fifty five (6.12%) cases of AFP were associated with enterovirus isolation. Out of the 55 positive cases, 40 were associated with detection of enterovirus in patient, and 15 with detection of EV in healthy contact, without positive detection in paralytic patient. Polioviruses were isolated from 35 AFP cases. The results of this study showed that about 43.6% of positive AFP cases were found in association with the isolation of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). A total of 12 different types of the species B were detected (CVA9, CVB1, CVB3, CVB4, CVB5, E3, E4, E9, E11, E13, E30), and one additional isolate represented the species enterovirus A (EV71). Among the 12 serotypes of species B, CVB3 and CVB5 were more frequently detected than others, representing 40% of the characterized isolates, followed by CVB4 (16%), E4 (8%), and E11(8%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains from Poland had the closest genetic relationship with isolates previously identified in Europe (France, Finland, Denmark, Moldova) but also in other parts of the world (Tunisia, China, USA), suggesting wide distribution of these lineages. The paper provides information about NPEV circulation in Poland in the past 16 years, about its association with the AFP and it indicates the need for monitoring NPEV circulation even after the eradication of poliomyelitis.
Antistaphylococcal Activity of Selected Thiourea Derivatives
Authors: STEFAŃSKA JOANNA , STĘPIEŃ KAROLINA , BIELENICA ANNA , WRZOSEK MAŁGORZATA , STRUGA MARTA 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Five of thiourea derivatives were prepared using as a starting compound 3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline, 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline, 1,3-thiazol- 2-amine, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-amine and commercial isothiocyanates. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity. Derivatives 2 and 3 showed the highest inhibition against Gram-positive cocci (standard and hospital strains). The observed MIC values were in the range of 0.5–8 μg/ml. The products effectively inhibited the formation of biofilms of methicillin-resistant and standard strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Inhibitory activity of thioureas 2 and 3 against Staphylococcus aureus topoisomerase IV was studied. The examined compounds were nongenotoxic.
The Usefulness of Biosynthetic Vascular Graft Omniflow II and Autologous Veins for the Treatment of Massive Infection of Dacron Vascular Graft with Enterococcus faecalis HLAR
Authors: WOŹNIAK WITOLD , BAJNO ROBERT , ŚWIDER MICHAŁ , CIOSTEK PIOTR 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Infections of vascular grafts are the most severe complications in vascular surgery. We present the case of a 73-year-old male with infection of a dacron prosthesis with a strain of Enterococcus faecalis. The patient was treated with replacement of a full prosthesis with a combined graft constructed from Biosynthetic Vascular graft Omniflow and autologous veins. This graft is recommended for implantation in patients with a higher risk of infection. Our case is one of the first reported usage of this kind of graft in the aortic region and in a 2 years observation period no recurrence of infection was observed.
INFLUENCIA DEL USO DE REGULADORES DE CRECIMIENTO SOBRE BROTES VEGETATIVOS Y NÚMERO DE ESTRÓBILOS MASCULINOS EN <i>Pinus pinea</i> L. EN CHILE
Authors: González Alejandro Venegas , Loewe-Muñoz Verónica , Ibañez Manuel Toral 
Published: January 2017

La utilización de reguladores de crecimiento o fitorreguladores, es una alternativa para aumentar la floración en la familia Pinaceae. En este estudio se analizaron los efectos de la aplicación de reguladores de crecimiento (fitorreguladores) sobre brotes vegetativos y estróbilos masculinos de Pinus pinea L. Los productos seleccionados fueron: giberelina cuatro más siete (GA4+7), ácido naftalenacético (NAA) y bencilaminopurina (BAP), distribuidos en siete tratamientos, incluido el control. Estos fitorreguladores se emplearon en una plantación de Pinus pinea de 16 años de edad ubicada en Toconey, comuna de Pencahue, región del Maule-Chile. Los tratamientos se aplicaron en cinco fechas, cada dos semanas (fin de agosto a inicio de noviembre). Al final de las aplicaciones se evaluaron las variables: estróbilos masculinos, número de brotes vegetativos y de nuevas brotes, y longitud de brotes apicales. Los principales resultados indicaron que la aplicación de 1.000 mg L-1 de GA4+7, fue el tratamiento que indujo la mayor floración masculina, presentando un 99,6 % más de estróbilos con respecto a las ramas testigo y también tuvo un efecto significativo en la longitud de los brotes apicales, aumentando más del doble la longitud respecto al testigo. En el número de brotes vegetativos, la aplicación de 500 mg L-1 BAP mostró diferencias significativas, obteniendo un incremento de 414,3 % con respecto al tratamiento control.
MODELOS DE AFILAMENTO PARA <i>Pinus taeda</i> L. BASEADOS EM PONTOS DE MUDANÇA DE FORMA
Authors: De Souza Carlos Alberto Martinelli , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Schneider Paulo Renato , Muller Ivanor 
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho foi concebido com os objetivos de determinar matematicamente os pontos de mudança da forma do fuste (pmf), o número de mudanças na forma geométrica, ajustar e comparar modelos matemáticos para estimar os diâmetros ao longo do fuste de Pinus taeda L. Os dados foram amostrados em árvores que cresceram em povoamento implantado em espaçamento de 2,50 x 2,50 m e manejado com dois desbastes, aos 9 e 14 anos, e corte final aos 30 anos pertencentes à Klabin S.A., em Telêmaco Borba, estado do Paraná. Quarenta árvores das classes médias e dominantes foram abatidas e cubadas pelo Método de Smalian, nas posições fixas de 0,10 m; 0,30 m; 0,80 m; 1,30 m; e após em comprimentos de 1 em 1 m, até a altura total. Na parte relativa à copa, os pontos de medição foram deslocados para os entrenós e a seguir foram retiradas fatias para análise de tronco, resultando, quando considerada a idade, em conjunto de dados relativos a 649 árvores com idades entre 8 a 30 anos, das quais foram selecionadas aleatoriamente, 50 árvores em cada classe de pmf para modelagem. As árvores foram agrupadas segundo os pmf de acordo com as quantidades de pontos definidos pela segunda derivada do polinômio do 5° ajustado para cada árvore. Com base nas estatísticas de ajuste e precisão na análise gráfica dos resíduos, nas estatísticas viés (v), média das diferenças (md) e desvio padrão das diferenças (dpd) foi selecionado o Polinômio de quinto grau para estimar os diâmetros em alturas relativas do tronco e, alternativamente, o modelo de Garay, seguido do modelo de Max e Burkhart com dois ou modificado para um segmento conforme o número de pmf definidos na derivada
MODELO INDIVIDUAL PRELIMINAR DE CRESCIMENTO DE ÁRVORE, MODELO DE ÍNDICE DE LOCAL E MODELO DE "MORTALIDADE" PARA PINHEIRO-DE-ALEPO (<i>Pinus halepensis</i> MILL.) EM CHALKIDIKI (NORTE DA GRÉCIA)
Authors: Kitikidou Kyriaki , Papageorgiou Argyro , Milios Elias , Stampoulidis Athanasios 
Published: January 2017

Modelos preliminares de altura, modelo de volume, modelo de índice de local e análise de "sobrevivência” para Pinus halepensis Mill., em Chalkidiki (Norte da Grécia ) foram preliminarmente desenvolvidos baseados em medidas de 20 parcelas experimentais estabelecidas em 2010. Os dados para altura, volume e modelos de "mortalidade" consistiram em 790 observações obtidas de 40 árvores (20 dominantes e 20 codominantes). Uma equação derivada da função hiperbólica foi selecionada para modelar altura dominante e volume de desenvolvimento. O modelo de crescimento em altura foi usado como uma curva-guia para desenvolver duas curvas de índice de local. A altura média dominante e codominante foi estimada em 10 m (Local I) e 7 m (Local II) (idade-base de 17 anos). A sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier e as funções de risco aplicadas para a análise de "sobrevivência", confirmaram as curvas de índice de local desenvolvidas pelo modelo de altura (SI10 e SI7).
EFEITO DO TEOR DE EXTRATIVOS NA RESISTÊNCIA NATURAL DE CINCO MADEIRAS AO ATAQUE DE CUPINS XILÓFAGOS
Authors: Paes Juarez Benigno , Guerra Sara Carolina Soares , Da Silva Luciana Ferreira , De Oliveira José Geraldo Lima , São Teago Gilson Barbosa 
Published: January 2017

Quando o homem deixou de ser nômade, teve de se adaptar às novas condições, passando a empregar a madeira para energia, instrumentos de caça e defesa e elementos construtivos diversos. Desde então, em função dos usos e do rápido crescimento, a importância da madeira vem se acentuando, principalmente porque sua exploração agride menos o ambiente quando comparada a outros materiais não renováveis. Embora existam várias pesquisas sobre Eucalyptus e Pinus, estudos com outras espécies são incipientes, principalmente quanto ao efeito dos extrativos na resistência natural das madeiras. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a influência do teor de extrativos na resistência natural das madeiras de Acacia mangium, Casuarina sp., Eucalyptus cloeziana, Corymbia torelliana e Tectona grandis ao térmita xilófago Nasutitermes corniger, espécie de ocorrência frequente em várias regiões no Brasil. De cada espécie foram retirados corpos de prova, com dimensões de 2,00 x 10,16 x 0,64 cm (radial x longitudinal x tangencial) em quatro posições no sentido medula-alburno (cerne interno, cerne intermediário, cerne externo e alburno). As madeiras foram expostas à ação dos cupins durante 45 dias em ensaio de preferência alimentar. Amostras não selecionadas para o ensaio com cupins foram transformadas em serragem e o teor de extrativos obtido ao empregar a fração que passou pela peneira de 40 e ficou retida na de 60 mesh. A resistência natural não esteve associada ao teor de extrativos presentes na madeira. A resistência das madeiras variou no sentido medula-alburno, com padrão variável para cada espécie. As madeiras mais resistentes foram Tectona grandis e Corymbia torelliana e a mais deteriorada a Acacia mangium.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE TIPO DE VIZINHANÇA E EFEITOS DE BORDA EM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL
Authors: Blumenfeld Esther Carone , Dos Santos Rozely Ferreira , Thomaziello Sueli Aparecida , Ragazzi Sidnei 
Published: January 2017

Os efeitos de borda em fragmentos de floresta constituem a consequência mais significativa da fragmentação promovida pelos usos da terra. Para compreendê-los e manejá-los é necessário um conhecimento mais preciso sobre as influências exercidas pelas diferentes tipologias de uso sobre as fronteiras dos fragmentos florestais. Nessa direção, este estudo identificou e estabeleceu a extensão de efeitos de borda em um fragmento de floresta em relação a diferentes vizinhanças. O trabalho foi realizado na Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande - SP e seu entorno. A região foi mapeada e foram selecionadas três tipologias para estudo dos respectivos efeitos de borda: florestal, urbana e agrícola. A qualificação e a extensão dos efeitos de borda foram obtidas por meio do levantamento em campo de indicadores dos efeitos em transecções de 100 metros, avaliados por análise de variância. O grupo de indicadores abióticos apresentou predomínio de efeitos de borda em profundidades menores que 70 m e foi mais expressivo quando a vizinhança era a ocupação urbana. O grupo de indicadores bióticos se estendeu além dos 100 m e os efeitos foram mais intensos na tipologia agrícola. Pelo método adotado, os melhores parâmetros para análise dos efeitos de borda foram temperatura e diâmetro das árvores.
Avalanche Survival Rates in Switzerland, 1981-2020
Authors: Rauch Simon , Brugger Hermann , Falk Markus , Zweifel Benjamin , Strapazzon Giacomo , Albrecht Roland , Pietsch Urs 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceSurvival probability among individuals critically buried by avalanche is highly time dependent, which was demonstrated 30 years ago. However, it remains unclear whether avalanche survival probability has changed over time.ObjectiveTo assess the avalanche survival rate and probability as well as the rescue probability over the past 4 decades.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, avalanche data from Switzerland that were collected by the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) in Davos were analyzed from the winter beginning in 1981 to that beginning in 2020 and compared with data from the period 1981 to 1990. Data were analyzed from January to April 2024.ExposureCritical avalanche burial (ie, burial involving the head and chest).Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurvival rate among individuals critically buried by avalanche, survival probability, and rescue probability in relation to time buried under the avalanche.ResultsThe study included 1643 individuals critically buried by avalanche (mean [SD] age, 37 [13.7] years; 1090 of 1342 with known sex [81.2%] were male) among 3805 avalanches involving 7059 persons. Compared with the period from 1981 to 1990, the total survival rate over the full study period increased from 43.5% (95% CI, 38.8%-48.3%) to 53.4% (95% CI, 51.0%-55.8%). Survival probability remained high at 91% (95% CI, 80%-100%) for rescue during the first 10 minutes but then decreased to 31% (95% CI, 11%-51%) for rescue between 10 and 30 minutes. The survival rate among those buried long term (&amp;gt;130 minutes) increased from 2.6% (95% CI, 0.7%-6.9%) to 7.3% (95% CI, 4.8%-10.7%). The median rescue time decreased from 45 (IQR, 15-148) minutes to 25 (IQR, 10-85) minutes. Survival rates among individuals rescued from avalanche by organized rescue teams increased from 14.0% (28 of 200) to 22.9% (161 of 704).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of 1643 individuals critically buried by avalanche found that over the past 4 decades, total survival rates considerably increased and rescue times decreased. Survival rates among those buried long term (&amp;gt;130 minutes) also increased. These findings are likely attributable to collaborative efforts among stakeholders to enhance avalanche search-and-rescue techniques and medical interventions.
An Advanced Mechanically Active Osteoarthritis‐on‐Chip Model to Test Injectable Therapeutic Formulations: The SYN321 Case Study
Authors: Palma Cecilia , Piazza Stefano , Visone Roberta , Ringom Rune , Björklund Ulf , Bermejo Gómez Antonio , Rasponi Marco , Occhetta Paola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) often fail to address the underlying pathophysiology and may have systemic side effects, particularly associated with long‐term use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Thus, researchers are currently directing their efforts toward innovative polymer‐drug combinations, such as mixtures of hyaluronic acid viscoelastic hydrogels and NSAIDs like diclofenac, to ensure sustained release of the NSAID within the joint following intra‐articular injection. However, the progress of novel injectable therapies for OA is hindered by the absence of preclinical models that accurately represent the pathology of the disease. The uBeat® MultiCompress platform is here presented as a novel approach for studying anti‐OA injectable therapeutics on human mechanically‐damaged OA cartilage microtissues, in a physiologically relevant environment. This platform can accommodate injectable therapeutic formulations and is successfully tested with SYN321, a novel diclofenac‐sodium hyaluronate conjugate under development as a treatment for knee OA. Results indicate the platform's effectiveness in evaluating therapeutic potential, showing downregulation of inflammatory markers and reduction in matrix degradation in OA cartilage micro‐tissues treated with SYN321. The uBeat® MultiCompress platform thus represents a valuable tool for OA research, offering a bridge between traditional in vitro studies and potential clinical applications, with implications for future drug discovery.
Dual‐Mode Semiconductor Device Enabling Optoelectronic Detection and Neuromorphic Processing with Extended Spectral Responsivity
Authors: Fu Can , Yang Jiawei , Wang Jiang , Luo Shenghui , Luo Linbao , Wei Huanhuan , Li Yujiao , Jiang Shanshan , He Gang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance semiconductor devices capable of multiple functions are pivotal in meeting the challenges of miniaturization and integration in advanced technologies. Despite the inherent difficulties of incorporating dual functionality within a single device, a high‐performance, dual‐mode device is reported. This device integrates an ultra‐thin Al2O3 passivation layer with a PbS/Si hybrid heterojunction, which can simultaneously enable optoelectronic detection and neuromorphic operation. In mode 1, the device efficiently separates photo‐generated electron‐hole pairs, exhibiting an ultra‐wide spectral response from ultraviolet (265 nm) to near‐infrared (1650 nm) wavelengths. It also reproduces high‐quality images of 256 × 256 pixels, achieving a Q‐value as low as 0.00437 µW cm−2 at a light intensity of 8.58 µW cm−2. Meanwhile, when in mode 2, the as‐assembled device with typical persistent photoconductivity (PPC) behavior can act as a neuromorphic device, which can achieve 96.5% accuracy in classifying standard digits underscoring its efficacy in temporal information processing. It is believed that the present dual‐function devices potentially advance the multifunctionality and miniaturization of chips for intelligence applications.
Advances and Challenges in Large‐Area Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Hui , Shi Guangyi , Peng Chenchen , Chen Wenjing , Yao Haitao , Xiao Zhengguo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown promise for high‐definition displays and flat‐panel lighting because of their wide color gamut, narrow emission band, and high brightness. The external quantum efficiency of PeLEDs increased rapidly from ≈1% to more than 25% in the past few years. However, most of these high‐performance devices are fabricated using a spin coating method with a small device area of <0.1 cm2, limiting their commercial applications. Recently, large‐area PeLEDs have attracted growing attention and significant breakthroughs have been reported. This perspective first introduces the pros and cons of each technique in making large‐area PeLEDs. The advances in the fabrication of large‐area PeLEDs are then summarized using spin coating and mass‐production methods such as inkjet printing, blade coating, and thermal evaporation. Moreover, the challenging issues will be discussed that are urgent to be solved for large‐area PeLEDs.
CO2 Electroreduction to Long‐Chain Hydrocarbons on Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Preikschas Phil , Zhang Jie , Seemakurthi Ranga Rohit , Lian Zan , Martín Antonio José , Xi Shibo , Krumeich Frank , Ma Haibin , Zhou Yansong , López Núria , Yeo Boon Siang , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRenewable‐powered electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to long‐chain hydrocarbons represents a sustainable path to produce chemicals and fuels. However, recently discovered systems still lack C–C coupling capabilities required to yield longer, more valuable carbon chains. This study reports cobalt catalysts with a focus on a Co3O4‐derived material for the selective conversion of CO2 to C1–C7 hydrocarbons, following an Anderson–Schulz–Flory distribution. The obtained chain growth probability (α) of 0.54 substantially exceeds that of any other known electrocatalyst, which ranged from 0.2 to 0.4. Detailed in situ characterization and simulations indicated that Co‐Co3O4 interfaces, formed in situ during CO2 electrolysis, are the active sites that promote enhanced chain growth. To prevent overreduction that causes the deactivation of these interfacial sites, the electrode is exposed to intermittent short reoxidation cycles during CO2 electrolysis. Consequently, the catalyst regained its oxidic phase and ability to form hydrocarbons. Overall, this study opens new frontiers in the one‐step conversion of CO2 into multi‐carbon products and suggests the exploration of metal–metal oxide interfaces as a promising strategy for further progress.
Unravel the Distinctive Roles of Liquid and Solid Additives in Blade‐Coated Active Layer for Organic Solar Cell Modules
Authors: Wupur Adiljan , Li Yaokai , Luo Yongmin , Chen Tianyi , Wang Mengting , Zhang Yiqing , Liu Zhi‐Xi , Wu Haotian , Tan Honglin , Zhang Qing , Sun Xiaokang , Hu Hanlin , Li Xiong , Wu Jiaying , Fu Weifei , Qiu Weiming , Yang Xi , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough encouraging progress in spin‐coated small‐area organic solar cells (OSCs), reducing efficiency loss caused by differences in film uniformity and morphology when up‐scaled to large‐area modules through meniscus‐guided coating is an important but unsolved issue. In this work, in‐depth research is conducted on the influence of both liquid and solid additives on the film uniformity and morphology of active layer in blade‐coated PM6:L8‐BO binary system. The study reveals that high boiling point liquid additives like 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) used in blade‐coating not only delay the volatilization of the solvent but also trigger the Marangoni flow in the same direction as capillary flow, causing excessive aggregation of acceptors, therefore destroying device performance. On the contrary, the solid additive 2‐Iododiphenyl ether (IDPE), which is first reported in this work, can preserve the mechanism for improving device performance while effectively suppressing the excessive aggregation of acceptors during the film‐forming process in blade‐coating from halogen‐free solvent of toluene, resulting in highly homogeneous large‐area active layer films. Consequently, organic solar modules with an impressive efficiency of 15.34% with a total module area of 18.90 cm2 via blade‐coating based on PM6:L8‐BO are achieved. This study not only provides a deep understanding on the effect of liquid and solid additives during blade‐coating from the perspective of fluid mechanisms but also gives a pathway for the development of green solvent printed high‐efficiency OSCs.
Activity of bimetallic PdIn/CeO2 catalysts tuned by thermal reduction for improving methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Shao Yan , Wu Bohong , Qiu Boya , Cai Rongsheng , Quan Cui , Gao Ningbo , Zeng Feng , Fan Xiaolei , Chen Huanhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSynergistic Pd–In2O3 catalysts are promising candidates for producing methanol via CO2 hydrogenation, and the metal phases in them can be tuned by thermal reduction treatment affecting the catalytic activity significantly. This work presents a comprehensive investigation to gain an insight into the effect of thermal reduction temperature on the variation and interaction of Pd and In2O3 phases supported on CeO2 (viz., PdIn/CeO2) and their correlations with CO2 hydrogenation toward methanol synthesis. The findings show that Pd/In‐rich PdIn alloys and In2O3 with relatively strong interaction are key phases (by reducing the PdIn/CeO2 at 300°C) for promoting methanol formation, leading to a high selectivity to methanol at 78.9% and space–time yield (STY) of 3.6 gCH3OH gPdIn−1 h−1. A further increase in reduction temperature (from 300 to 500°C) promoted the formation of homogenized PdIn intermetallic alloys with significantly poor ability for H2 dissociation and CO2 activation, and hence poor methanol yield.