bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing precision: A guide to dental photomicrography
Authors: Kumar R. S. Mohan , Jain Riya , Vekaash Vejai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Photography is crucial in modern dentistry, facilitated by digital technology advancements. The two main types of dental photography are macrophotography and photomicrography. Photomicrography, particularly valuable for its high magnification capabilities, offers clear documentation of minute dental details critical for the diagnosis and treatment planning. Mastering the art of photomicrography requires a precise balance between the microscope and camera, offering substantial benefits in patient education, clinician evaluation, and treatment documentation. Despite the learning curve involved, the results of dental photography, both macro and micro, are invaluable in modern dental practice.
Enhancing antimicrobial management: A 5–year retrospective analysis of urinary pathogen susceptibility at a tertiary care centre from January 2018 to December 2022
Authors: William Ashish , Rawat Deepti , Satija Shweta , Kaur Ravinder 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
The study aims to collect data on prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens in a hospital in India, and to analyze any changes that have occurred over the past 5 years.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted over 5 years at Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi. Urine samples from patients who attended outpatient department or were admitted with diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) were included in this study. Samples were cultured and tested to identify bacteria and determine antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results:
A total of number of 151395 urine specimens were collected from January 2018 to December 2022. The prevalence of UTI was 7.5% (11372/151395) with the majority of patients being aged above 40 years (19.3%). The prevalence was higher in females (12.7%) as compared to males (3.2%). Escherichia (E.) coli was the predominant pathogen, accounting for 59.8% of cases, followed by Klebsiella spp. at 18.9%, and Enterococcus spp. at 8.3%. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 89.5% of the isolates and exhibited good susceptibility to aminoglycosides and piperacillin-tazobactam, but showed resistance to fluoroquinolones. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was present in 35% of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus isolates with high susceptibility to glycopeptides and nitrofurantoin.

Conclusions:
The data suggest the need for careful selection of empirical therapy due to increasing resistance patterns. The stringent use of antimicrobial agents is pivotal to the control of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility data contributes to tailoring the antibiotic stewardship programs to local needs.
Does External Debt Cause Growth? A Comparative Study Of Nigerian And South African Economies
Authors: Doorasamy Mishelle , Adejayan Adeola Oluwakemi , Nyahuna Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Research Aims: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effect of external debt on economic growth and the causal relationship that exists between external debt and growth in South Africa and Nigeria between 1981 and 2022.
Design/methodology/approach: To this end, VECM, VAR and pairwise Granger causality were used to analyze the data. on GDP, external debt, debt servicing, government expenditure, and exchange rate. .
Research Findings: The results show that the effect of external debt on economic growth is insignificant in the near term, having positive influence in South Africa and negative impact in Nigeria. However, the long-term effects are detrimental and noteworthy in South Africa. Also, the results on causality indicate that, in Nigeria, there is no causal relationship between external debt and economic growth, but in South Africa, there is a unidirectional relationship between GDP and external debt
Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study concludes that, whereas exchange rates are the primary predictor of economic growth in Nigeria, external debt neither causes nor determines economic growth in South Africa or Nigeria. Rather, causation flows from economic growth to external debt exclusively in South Africa. Therefore, this study recommends that the government of both countries should channel their available resources towards developmental projects that will spur growth.
Keywords: External debt, Causality, Growth, Emerging Market, GDP
Investigation of the relationship between type I (α,β) interferon and viral load in patients with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
Authors: Büyükhan S I. , Bakır M. , Çakıllı Zor , Bayrak E. , Yılmaz D. 
Published: October 2024

In this study, type I interferon (IFN-α ve IFN-β) levels, viral load levels, the relationship between viral load and interferons, and the relationship between interferon levels and disease severity and mortality in patients with Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) were investigated. 100 patients diagnosed with CCHF between April-2010 and September-2011 and 74 healthy individuals were selected as control group. IFN-α ve in patient sera was analysed by IFN-β seviyeleri ELISA method and viral load levels were analysed by Real-Time PCR method. Individuals in the patient group were classified as severe (group1) and mild (group2) patients according to the criteria defined by Swanepoel et al. During the follow-up, 25 of the patients in the severe group died. Patients in the severe group who died were classified as group1a and patients who survived were classified as group1b. INF-α ve β düzeyleri CCHF patients in the control group, group1 patients in group2 and control group was found to be significantly higher than the group (p<0.05). When the viral load levels detected in patients in group1 and group2 were compared, the statistical difference was found to be insignificant (p>0.05). Viral load levels in group1a were statistically significant compared to group1b and group2 (p<0.05). In the ROC analysis performed in terms of IFN-α düzeyleri detected in the first blood samples of the patients, the cut off value for predicting mortality was 25042 pg/ml. In this analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of IFN-α için was 0.713 and statistically significant (p<0.05). IFN-β için values were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The cut off value for viral load was 8445500 copies/ml, AUC was 0.870 and statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a significant and positive correlation between IFN-α ile and IFN-β arasında in group1a (r=0.551, p<0.05). In conclusion, we found high levels of interferon and viral load in CCHF patients in this study, suggesting that high levels of interferon are released in CCHF patients, but the secreted interferon cannot prevent viral replication adequately. It is likely that the CCHF virus has various evasion mechanisms to avoid the effect of interferon. Further studies are needed to clarify/confirm this situation.
UMUMIY OʻRTA TAʼLIM MUASSASALARI RAHBARLARIDA MEDIAKOMPITENTLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING USLUBIY ASOSLARI
Authors: Buronova Iroda 
Published: October 2024

Maqolada maktab rahbarlarida mediakompitentlikni rivojlantirishning uslubiy asoslari qalamga olingan. Muallifning fikricha, media vositalarning maxsus usullarni o’rganish va faol amaliyotda qo’llash fikrlash stereotiplariga qarshi turish imkoniyatini beradi, ta’lim jarayoni ishtirokchilarida yangi g’oyalar va qarashlarning rivojlanishiga sabab bo’ladi. Oʻrta taʼlim muassasalari rahbarlarida mediakompitentlikni rivojlantirish menejerlik faoliyatining turli sohalarida yuqori samaradorlikka erishish uchun asosiy universal ko’nikmalarni shakllantirishga yordam beradi.
The use of acellular dermal matrix in palatoplasty to decrease the rate of postoperative oronasal fistula
Authors: Abdullah Essam Kattan  , Mohammed Abdulghafour  , Banderi Abdullah Ahmed  , Adnan Ghazi Gelidan  , Taghreed Riayd Alhumsi  
Published: October 2024

Different cleft palate repair techniques have been described to achieve optimum results and minimise complications. Postoperative fistulae are one of the most challenging complications after palate repair. In this clinical study, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent palatoplasty using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as an addition to facilitate difficult cleft palate and palatal fistula closure.
It was a retrospective, comparative, single-centre study, in which records of patients who underwent cleft palate surgeries between 2015 and 2018 were reviewed. Patients who underwent cleft palate or palatal fistula repair with and without ADM were included. Fischer’s exact test was used to compare the two groups (primary cleft palate repair with and without ADM) in relation to the rate of fistula occurrence postoperatively.
Continuous...
Predictors of medication regimen complexity and its impact on hemoglobin a1c in type 2 diabetes patients: a retrospective analysis in ambulatory care in Makkah City
Authors: Khayyat Sarah M. , Ali Ruba S. Azfr , Alrammaal Hanadi H. , Khayyat Salwa M.S. , Alqurashi Wafaa A. , Alsaedi Reemaz , Alotaibi Wejdan , Alahmadi Aseel 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread chronic disease that poses a significant management challenge due to the complexity of the associated medication regimens, which can have a considerable impact on patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVES:
Explore the complexity level of diabetes medications among patients with T2DM and to identify the predictors of medication regimen complexity (MRC) and its correlation with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, cross-sectional study

SETTING:
An ambulatory care setting of a tertiary hospital in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients with T2DM referred to the diabetic clinic were identified and assessed for eligibility. The data were collected from patient electronic medical records between October 2022 and September 2023. The MRC Index was used to evaluate the complexity of the patients’ medication regimens.

MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:
MRC index scores and HbA1c levels

SAMPLE SIZE:
353 records of patients with T2DM

RESULTS:

The analysis revealed that 61.8% (n=218) of patients had high MRC, with the dosing frequency contributing significantly to their MRC (mean=3.9, SD=1.9). Having polypharmacy and longstanding T2DM were predictors of high MRC (odds ratios=4.9 and 2.6, respectively;
P
≤.01). Additionally, there was an inverse association between the patients’ diabetes-specific MRC index scores and their glycemic control (odds ratios=0.2,
P
<.001).

CONCLUSION:
The study findings highlight the importance of considering MRC in managing T2DM. Simplifying medication regimens and optimizing medication management strategies can improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore interventions to reduce MRC and enhance diabetes management in this population.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective study design measuring the MRC at a diabetes-specific level.
Variability Effects of Meteorological Factors on Reported Malaria Cases in Kano and Lagos States of Nigeria
Authors: Adetunji K. Ilori  , Ugochukwu D. Uche  , Adebisi Michael  , Damilare M. Oladimeji  , Omaku P. Enesi  , Toyosi Adebambo  
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Malaria is one of life’s threatening disease that contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. The variability effects of meteorological factors between the Northern and Southern region of Nigeria on malaria transmission remain unclear and not well researched. This research was aimed at comparing the non-linear effects of seasonal, trend and meteorological variables on monthly malaria cases in Kano and Lagos State of Nigeria. The monthly malaria cases for age group above 5-year for Kano and Lagos State were obtained from DHIS for the period of January, 2016 to December, 2022. Also, the predictors/meteorological variables (Rainfall, Relative Humidity, Minimum Temperature and Maximum Temperature) were obtained from Nigeria Meteorological Agent. Generalized Additive Model was fitted using Negative Binomial to apply smooth function to estimate and compare the effects of the selected predictors on the malaria transmission in Kano and Lagos States. Rainfall and Maximum temperature were found not significant in explaining the effect of malaria transmission. Malaria transmission was found to be seasonal and varying in Kano State with highest transmission between September and October while the seasonal effect was reduced to linear in Lagos State. The long term trend had a significant increasing effect on malaria transmission in Kano Sate compared to non-significant effect in Lagos State. The effect of Relative Humidity was reduced to linear and increasing in the both State. Paying attention to the variability in the influence of season, trend and meteorological variables on malaria transmission will enhance respective State Government to develop an early warning and awareness that will help in controlling the malaria outbreak in their State.
Development of an integrated model for SME marketing and CRM optimization
Authors: Zein Samira  , Yodit Wondaferew Weldegeorgise  , Olajide Soji Osundare  , Harrison Oke Ekpobimi  , Regina Coelis Kandekere  
Published: October 2024

The development of an integrated model for optimizing marketing and customer relationship management (CRM) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) presents a crucial advancement in enhancing business competitiveness and customer engagement. This paper proposes a unified model that merges scalable software solutions for social media analytics with AI-driven CRM to provide a comprehensive framework for SMEs to enhance their marketing strategies and customer interactions. Social media platforms have become vital channels for customer outreach, engagement, and feedback, yet SMEs often face challenges in leveraging these platforms due to limited resources and expertise. Integrating social media analytics into CRM systems offers businesses the ability to analyze customer behaviors, preferences, and sentiment on a large scale. The proposed model utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) to streamline customer interactions, enabling personalized communication and improving customer retention. By incorporating AI into CRM, SMEs can automate routine tasks, such as responding to customer inquiries and segmenting audiences based on their social media activity. This allows for more efficient marketing strategies and enables businesses to proactively address customer needs, ultimately driving customer loyalty and long-term growth. Furthermore, the unified model focuses on scalability, ensuring that SMEs can adopt and adapt these technologies according to their evolving needs and resources. This paper also explores the benefits of integrating these technologies, including the potential for improved data-driven decision-making, enhanced customer experience, and increased operational efficiency. In conclusion, this integrated model presents a strategic pathway for SMEs to optimize their marketing and CRM efforts through the adoption of scalable, AI-driven tools that enhance customer engagement and boost business performance.
Keywords: SME Marketing, CRM Optimization, Social Media Analytics, AI-Driven CRM, Customer Engagement, Scalable Software Solutions, Business Performance, Personalized Communication, Customer Retention, Data-Driven Decision-Making.
Implementing data-driven financial management systems in SMEs: A case review approach
Authors: Njideka Ihuoma Okeke  , Oluwaseun Adeola Bakare  , Godwin Ozoemenam Achumie  
Published: October 2024

The adoption of data-driven financial management systems has become increasingly vital for the growth and sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This review explores the implementation of such systems through a case review approach, analyzing their impact on financial decision-making, operational efficiency, and overall business performance. SMEs often face challenges in managing their financial processes due to limited resources, inefficient manual methods, and a lack of real-time data insights. Data-driven financial systems, leveraging automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and analytics, offer a solution by streamlining these processes, enhancing accuracy, and improving decision-making. The review examines three SMEs from different sectors manufacturing, retail, and services that have implemented data-driven financial systems. Through qualitative interviews, financial data analysis, and performance assessments before and after system implementation, the research identifies key improvements in cash flow management, profitability, and financial reporting. Each case highlights how automation and real-time data access have led to more strategic financial decisions, reduced costs, and operational efficiency. The findings suggest that data-driven financial systems not only increase financial transparency but also provide a competitive advantage by enabling SMEs to make informed decisions quickly. However, the review also identifies barriers to implementation, such as technical expertise, costs, and employee training, emphasizing the need for tailored solutions based on company size and sector. The review concludes by discussing future trends in financial technology adoption among SMEs and offers recommendations for facilitating successful integration. This research contributes to the understanding of how data-driven financial management can drive sustainable growth in SMEs.
Keywords: Data-Driven, Financial Management, SMEs, Review.
Strategi Pembelajaran Edutainment Pada Pendidikan Kristen Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ilat Irene Preisilia , Kukus Merline Mesti , Mamonto Hasia , Maameah Esterlita 
Published: October 2024

Abstrak
Era disrupsi telah memberi pengaruh besar pada setiap manusia termasuk anak usia dini apalagi dibarengi dengan perkembangan informasi dan teknologi yang begitu cepat dan sangat bersentuhan dengan mereka. Apabila tidak dididik dengan efektif maka berdampak juga pada perekembangan anak usia dini yang bercitra diri negatif. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi Pendidikan Kristen Anak Usia Dini dalam membentuk nilai-nilai moral anak di usia dini. Oleh karena itu diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang efektif untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai moral Kristiani bagi anak usia dini. Salah satu strategi yang efektif dan tepat untuk diterapkan pada anak usia dini khususnya generasi Alfa adalah strategi pembelajaran edutainment yang mengombinasikan antara belajar dan bermain dengan memanfaatkan teknologi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini hendak meneliti penerapan strategi pembelajaran edutainment pada Pendidikan Kristen Anak Usia Dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai literatur diantaranya buku bacaan dan artikel serta karya ilmiah lainnya yang berkaitan dengan strategi pembelajaran edutainment pada Pendidikan Kristen Anak Usia Dini.

Kata kunci : Strategi Pembelajaran Edutainment, Pendidikan Kristen Anak Usia Dini

Abstrac
The era of disruption has had a big influence on every human being, including young children, especially when accompanied by the rapid development of information and technology which is very close to them. If you are not educated effectively, it will also have an impact on the development of young children who have a negative self-image. This is a challenge for Early Childhood Christian Education in forming children's moral values ​​at an early age. Therefore, effective learning strategies are needed to instill Christian moral values ​​in young children. One strategy that is effective and appropriate to apply to young children, especially the Alpha generation, is an edutainment learning strategy that combines learning and playing by utilizing technology. Based on this, this research wants to examine the application of edutainment learning strategies in Early Childhood Christian Education. This research uses a literature study research method by collecting data from various literature including reading books and articles as well as other scientific works related to edutainment learning strategies in Early Childhood Christian Education.
Keyword : edutainment learning strategies, early childhood of Christian education
Pengaruh Media Sosial Instagram Dan Suasana Cafe (Store Atmosphere) Terhadap Minat Beli (Studi Kasus Coffee Shop Acc Tulungagung)
Authors: Nursaidah Ajeng Sara , Gufron Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Instagram social media and cafe atmosphere or store atmosphere on buying interest. The number of samples in this study were 94 respondents with the sampling technique method used was non-probability sampling of purposive sampling type. The test was carried out using the help of the smart PLS 4 application. Which consists of convergent validity test, discriminant validity test, reliability test, determinant coefficient and t test. The results of the study indicate that the results of the t test (partial) Instagram social media and caefe atmosphere (store atmosphere) have a positive and significant effect on buying interest. The results of this study can be used for the development of coffee shop acc Tulungagung in the future.

Keyword: Instagram Social Media, Purchase Interest, Store Atmosphere
PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN EKSTRAKULIKULER SEPAK BOLA MINI DI SDN 041/VI RANTANG PANJANG V KECAMATAN TABIR
Authors: Afdhol Muhammad , Bani Pilitan Raja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research was carried out at SDN 041/VI Rantau Panjang V, Tabir District, which is one of the schools that rarely wins competitions. This is caused by several factors including facilities and infrastructure, student motivation, student interest and the lack of teacher professionalism. This research aims to find out an overview of the implementation of extracurricular mini football.
In this research, the type of research is descriptive research. The population of students who are active in mini football extracurricular activities totaling 80 people. The sample was taken using a purposive stratified random sampling method of 40 people.
The results of this research obtained from this research state that the description of the level of implementation of mini football extracurricular activities at SDN 041/VI Rantau Panjang V Tabir District is as follows: The level of achievement of student interest at SDN 041/VI is at a classification of 74.65% with good category. The level of achievement of facilities and infrastructure in the implementation of mini football extracurricular activities at SDN 041/VI Rantau Panjang V Tabir District is in the classification of 63.33% with the sufficient category. The level of achievement of the extracurricular activity process towards the implementation of extracurricular activities at SDN 041/VI Rantau Panjang V Tabir District is classified as 85.31% in the very good category. The level of professionalism achieved by teachers in the implementation of extracurricular activities at SDN 041/VI Rantau Panjang V Tabir District is classified as 81.5% in the good category.

Keywords: Mini football Extrcurricular, Students SDN 041/VI