bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Area Chemical Vapor Deposited MoS2 with Transparent Conducting Oxide Contacts toward Fully Transparent 2D Electronics
Authors: Dai Zhenyu , Wang Zhenwei , He Xin , Zhang Xi‐Xiang , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract2D semiconductors are poised to revolutionize the future of electronics and photonics, much like transparent oxide conductors and semiconductors have revolutionized the display industry. Herein, these two types of materials are combined to realize fully transparent 2D electronic devices and circuits. Specifically, a large‐area chemical vapor deposition process is developed to grow monolayer MoS2 continuous films, which are, for the first time, combined with transparent conducting oxide (TCO) contacts. Transparent conducting aluminum doped zinc oxide contacts are deposited by atomic layer deposition, with composition tuning to achieve optimal conductivity and band‐offsets with MoS2. The optimized process gives fully transparent TCO/MoS2 2D electronics with average visible‐range transmittance of 85%. The transistors show high mobility (4.2 cm2 V−1 s−1), fast switching speed (0.114 V dec−1), very low threshold voltage (0.69 V), and large switching ratio (4 × 108). To our knowledge, these are the lowest threshold voltage and subthreshold swing values reported for monolayer chemical vapor deposition MoS2 transistors. The transparent inverters show fast switching properties with a gain of 155 at a supply voltage of 10 V. The results demonstrate that transparent conducting oxides can be used as contact materials for 2D semiconductors, which opens new possibilities in 2D electronic and photonic applications.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes and 1‐Azadienes: Synthesis of Imine Functionalized Cyclopentanes and Pyrrolidine Derivatives
Authors: Verma Kamal , Banerjee Prabal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLewis acid catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloadditions of 1‐azadienes with donor acceptor cyclopropanes to synthesize varieties of imine functionalized cyclopentanes and pyrrolidine derivatives in moderate to high yield have been developed. Moreover, pharmaceutically relevant azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, bearing two all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centers at the bridgehead positions, has been synthesized by nosyl group deprotection and intramolecular amidation of imine functionalized cyclopentane derivative.magnified image
Fabrication of efficient pervaporation desalination membrane by reinforcement of poly(vinyl alcohol)–silica film on porous polysulfone hollow fiber
Authors: Chaudhri Sanjay G. , Chaudhari Jayesh C. , Singh Puyam S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPervaporation membrane technology is commercially successful in the dehydration of organic solvents, and the technology has potential for seawater desalination with high recovery because of its capability to treat highly saline water. But to make the technology advantageous over the other available membrane desalination technologies in terms of productivity flux without additional energy cost, the selective barrier layer is required to be extremely thin, defect‐free, hydrophilic, and selective to water. In this work, we prepared an efficient membrane by reinforcing a highly water‐permeable but continuous barrier layer of poly(vinyl alcohol)–silica (PVA‐SiO2) hybrid material on porous polysulfone hollow fibers. The PVA‐SiO2 in acidified and hydrated ethanol was aged at room temperature for a period to allow solvent evaporation to obtain the solution concentration desired for the reinforcement. The reinforced hollow fiber membrane with optimal PVA‐SiO2 barrier layer thickness exhibited a performance with a flux of 20.6 L m−2 h−1 and 99.9% salt rejection from a saline feed of 2000 ppm NaCl at 333 K. The effects of PVA‐SiO2, temperature, and feed salinity on the pervaporation performance of the membrane were also studied. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45718.
Synthesis of oxazolidines as latent curing agents for single‐component polyurethane adhesive and its properties study
Authors: Yuan Liemei , Qiang Peirong , Gao Jun , Shi Yiyuan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTFour oxazolidine compounds OX1–OX4 were prepared. Their structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and ESI‐MS. The hydrolysis kinetics research of oxazolidines suggested that the hydrolysis of oxazolidine followed the first‐order reaction. The gap of the ground energies between the open‐ and closed‐ring was calculated using Gaussian software, which indicated that the stability of the open‐ring system of OX1 was the best. Then, the obtained oxazolidines were applied to single‐component polyurethane (SPU) and filler CaCO3 was added to investigate the effect of the two above on the properties of SPU. The results show that the pore size and the number of bubbles produced in the SPU decreased with the increase of the rate of hydrolysis of the added oxazolidine, and the bondability of the polyurethane was better. With the increase of CaCO3 content, the polyurethane surface became smoother and the bond strength was stronger. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45722.
Electrospun carbon nanofiber web electrode: Supercapacitor behavior in various electrolytes
Authors: Ismar Ezgi , Karazehir Tolga , Ates Murat , Sarac A. Sezai 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) draw great interest due to their noticeable mechanical, electrochemical, and physical properties. In this study, polyacrylonitrile‐based CNFs are obtained via electrospinning technique. Thermal oxidation and low temperature (950 °C) carbonization are applied to the electrospun web in order to achieve CNF. Through the process, Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic results are investigated. The electrochemical properties of the self‐standing CNF webs are examined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, various electrolyte solutions are studied to investigate the capacitive behavior of CNF webs. Electrolyte type variation has a significant effect on the capacitance results and high capacitance values are achieved in aqueous solution. According to the differing electrolyte types, specific capacitance values (Csp) are recorded between 204 and 149 F g−1 where maximum specific capacitance is obtained in 0.5 M H2SO4 as 204 F g−1. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45723.
Local adaptation studies and conservation: Parasite–host interactions between the endangered freshwater mussel Unio crassus and its host fish
Authors: Schneider Lea D. , Anders Nilsson P. , Höjesjö Johan , Martin Österling E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Parasite–host interactions can involve strong reciprocal selection pressure, and may lead to locally adapted specializations. The highly threatened unionoid mussels are temporary parasites on fish, but local adaptation has not yet been investigated for many species.
Patterns of local adaptation of one of Europe's most threatened unionoids, the thick‐shelled river mussel (Unio crassus) were investigated. Eurasian minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) from two rivers (separate drainage areas) were cross‐infested in the laboratory with sympatric and allopatric mussel larvae, while bullheads (Cottus gobio), inhabiting only one of the rivers, were infested with sympatric or allopatric mussel larvae. Larval encystment, juvenile mussel excystment and survival were measured.
For one river, but not the other, juvenile excystment from P. phoxinus was highest when infested with sympatric mussels. The opposite pattern was found for C. gobio in this river, where juvenile excystment and post‐parasitic juvenile survival from allopatric C. gobio were highest. The results thus cannot confirm local adaptation of U. crassus to P. phoxinus in the study rivers, as excystment was not consistently higher in all sympatric mussel–host combinations, whereas there were potential maladaptive signs of U. crassus in relation to C. gobio. There was no loss of encysted larvae 3 days after infestation until juvenile excystment. Most juveniles were excysted between 17 and 29 days after infestation, and the numbers of excysted juveniles increased with fish size.
The results have implications for parasite–host ecology and conservation management with regard to unionoid propagation and re‐introduction. This includes the need to (1) test suitability and adaptation patterns between U. crassus and multiple host fish species, (2) evaluate the suitability of certain unionoids and host fish strains after more than 3 days, and (3) determine whether large fish produce more juvenile mussels than smaller fish.
Human‐induced gradients of reef fish declines in the Hawaiian Archipelago viewed through the lens of traditional management boundaries
Authors: Friedlander Alan M. , Donovan Mary K. , Stamoulis Kostantinos A. , Williams Ivor D. , Brown Eric K. , Conklin Eric J. , DeMartini Edward E. , Rodgers Kuulei S. , Sparks Russell T. , Walsh William J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Large declines in reef fish populations in Hawai‘i have raised concerns about the sustainability of these resources, and the ecosystem as a whole. To help elucidate the reasons behind these declines, a comprehensive examination of reef fish assemblages was conducted across the entire 2500 km Hawaiian Archipelago.
Twenty‐five datasets were compiled, representing >25 000 individual surveys conducted throughout Hawai‘i since 2000. To account for overall differences in survey methods, conversion factors were created to standardize among methods.
Comparisons of major targeted resource species (N = 35) between the densely populated main (MHI) and remote north‐western Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) revealed that 40% of these species had biomass in the MHI below 25% of NWHI levels. In total, 54% of the species examined had biomass <50% of NWHI biomass.
The moku or district was a basic unit of resource management in pre‐contact Hawai‘i and was used as a unit of spatial stratification for comparisons within the MHI. Biomass of resource species was negatively correlated with human population density within moku boundaries, with extremely low biomass in areas with highest human population densities. No such relationship was found for species not targeted by fishing.
A number of remote areas with small human populations in the MHI still support high standing stock of fished species, and these areas are likely important refugia for maintaining fisheries production and biodiversity functioning.
These results highlight the large gradient of human impacts on fish assemblages across the Hawaiian Archipelago and the potential in using landscape and seascape units, such as those that are watershed and bio‐physically‐based, when managing in part based on a framework of traditional ecological knowledge.
Maternal Medicaid Recipient Status and Congenital Malformations among New York State Live Births in 2010
Authors: Richardson Sandra D. , Josberger Raina E. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCongenital malformations are a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, and risk for some congenital malformations varies by socioeconomic status (SES). Medicaid provides health insurance for people with low income, and covers approximately half of all live births in the United States. Income level is one aspect of SES. Studies have shown relationships between SES and some congenital malformations.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined associations between maternal Medicaid recipient status and 46 congenital malformations in New York State for birth year 2010. The impact of Medicaid continuous enrollment (CE) status was evaluated in a sub‐analysis of Medicaid recipients. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe study cohort included 240,721 live births, 3778 infants with one or more congenital malformation of interest, and 118,631 maternal Medicaid recipients at the time of the infant's birth. Odds ratios for cleft lip with or without cleft palate and rectal atresia or stenosis were increased for Medicaid recipients compared with non‐Medicaid recipients. However, odds ratios for cleft lip with or without cleft palate and rectal atresia or stenosis were decreased for CE compared with non‐CE Medicaid recipients.ConclusionMaternal Medicaid recipient status was associated with few of the 46 congenital malformations evaluated. However, some associations found were modified by CE in Medicaid. Birth Defects Research 109:1460–1470, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancement of the luminescence properties of Sr3(PO4)2:Dy3+,Li+ white‐light‐emitting phosphors by charge compensator Li+ co‐doping
Authors: Li Yuhang , Dai Siyi , Zhang Wentao , Zhang Peicong , Qiu Kehui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSr3(PO4)2:Dy3+,Li+ phosphors were prepared using a simple high temperature solid method for luminescence enhancement. The structures of the as‐prepared samples agreed well with the standard phase of Sr3(PO4)2, even when Dy3+ and Li+ were introduced. Under ultraviolet excitation at 350 nm, the Sr3(PO4)2:Dy3+ sample exhibited two emission peaks at 483 nm and 580 nm, which were due to the 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ions, respectively. A white light was fabricated using these two emissions from the Sr3(PO4)2:Dy3+ phosphors. The luminescence properties of Sr3(PO4)2:Dy3+,Li+ phosphors, including emission intensity and decay time, were improved remarkably with the addition of Li+ as the charge compensator, which would promote their application in near‐ultraviolet excited white‐light‐emitting diodes.
Creating Oxidase–Peroxidase Fusion Enzymes as a Toolbox for Cascade Reactions
Authors: Colpa Dana I. , Lončar Nikola , Schmidt Mareike , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA set of bifunctional oxidase–peroxidases has been prepared by fusing four distinct oxidases to a peroxidase. Although such fusion enzymes have not been observed in nature, they could be expressed and purified in good yields. Characterization revealed that the artificial enzymes retained the capability to bind the two required cofactors and were catalytically active as oxidase and peroxidase. Peroxidase fusions of alditol oxidase and chitooligosaccharide oxidase could be used for the selective detection of xylitol and cellobiose with a detection limit in the low‐micromolar range. The peroxidase fusions of eugenol oxidase and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase could be used for dioxygen‐driven, one‐pot, two‐step cascade reactions to convert vanillyl alcohol into divanillin and eugenol into lignin oligomers. The designed oxidase–peroxidase fusions represent attractive biocatalysts that allow efficient biocatalytic cascade oxidations that only require molecular oxygen as an oxidant.
Use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in the treatment of methimazole‐induced agranulocytosis: a case report
Authors: Birmingham Asha , Mancuso Carissa , Williams Craig 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageA comparison of this case to previously published reports suggests that granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor may be associated with improved prognosis in severe antithyroid drug‐induced neutropenia, and that weight‐based doses could be an appropriate strategy.
Biliopancreatic limb obstruction after laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: a rare and potentially fatal condition
Authors: Saurabh Shireesh 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageBiliopancreatic limb obstruction after laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass is a challenging diagnosis as the symptoms are very nonspecific. CT scan is the optimal study for evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
Terminal Alkyne Coupling on a Corrugated Noble Metal Surface: From Controlled Precursor Alignment to Selective Reactions
Authors: Lin Tao , Zhang Liding , Björk Jonas , Chen Zhi , Ruben Mario , Barth Johannes V. , Klappenberger Florian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSurface‐templated covalent coupling of organic precursors currently emerges as a promising route to the atom‐precise fabrication of low‐dimensional carbon materials. Here, we investigate the adsorption and the coupling reactions of 4,4′′‐diethynyl‐1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl on Au(110) under ultra‐high vacuum conditions by using scanning tunneling microscopy combined with density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo calculations. Temperature treatment induces both 1,2,4‐asymmetric cyclotrimerization and homocoupling, resulting in various reaction products, including a previously unreported, surface‐templated H‐shaped pentamer. Our analysis of the temperature‐dependent relative product abundances unravels that 1,2,4‐trimerization and homocoupling proceed via identical intermediate species with the final products depending on the competition of coupling to a third monomer versus dehydrogenation. Our study sheds light on the control of coupling reactions by corrugated surfaces and annealing protocols.
Regioregular Phthalocyanines Substituted with Bulky Donors at Non‐Peripheral Positions
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Kuribayashi Kengo , Murakami Takuro N. , Kwon Eunsang , Stillman Martin J. , Kobayashi Nagao , Segawa Hiroshi , Kimura Mutsumi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree regioregular phthalocyanines (1–3) were synthesized selectively by the cyclic tetramerization of phthalonitriles bearing a bulky diarylamine substituent at the next position of nitrile. The steric repulsion at the tetramerization of bulky phthalonitriles allowed for the selective formation of regioregular phthalocyanines as confirmed by NMR and single crystal X‐ray structural analyses. The absorption spectrum of 1 substituted with di(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)amine groups at the non‐peripheral positions showed a non‐split Q‐band at 764 nm, which was redshifted by 83 nm compared with that of metal free phthalocyanine (H2Pc). The TD‐DFT calculation and electrochemical studies prove that the substitution of diarylamine groups at the α‐positions effectively destabilizes the HOMO energy level, which causes a large redshift of the Q‐band. Moreover, 1 can generate a one‐electron oxidation species through chemical oxidation. The Q‐band position of 2 bearing 4,4′‐dimetoxyphenylamine units was further shifted by 10 nm compared with that of 1. In addition, 3 having carbazole units showed a small redshift of the Q‐band relative to H2Pc. The hole‐mobility of 2 in thin film was determined to be 1.1×10−5 cm V−1 s−1 by using a space charge limited current method. A perovskite solar cell employing 2 as a hole‐transporting layer gave an efficiency of 5.1 % under standard global 100 Wcm−2 AM 1.5 G illumination.
High Oxidation State Molybdenum N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Alkylidyne Complexes: Synthesis, Mechanistic Studies, and Reactivity
Authors: Koy Maximilian , Elser Iris , Meisner Jan , Frey Wolfgang , Wurst Klaus , Kästner Johannes , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe first synthetic protocol to high oxidation state molybdenum(VI) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) alkylidyne complexes (NHC=1,3‐diisopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, 1,3‐dimethyl‐4,5‐R2‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene, R2=H, Cl, CN) is reported. Steric limitations of the NHCs and the benzylidyne are described. All novel complexes were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and solution NMR techniques. It was shown that all complexes presented here show activity in the self‐metathesis of 1‐phenyl‐1‐propyne at room temperature. To identify mechanistic differences, an experimental sequence to detect dissociation of ligands was developed. Results reveal dissociation of less electron‐donating NHCs in course of the reaction. Mechanistic and reactivity differences were attributed to electronic and steric effects through Tolman's electronic parameter and the percentage of buried volume. Furthermore, Mo‐1 containing the 1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene ligand showed good activity in self‐metathesis reactions of p‐substituted 1‐phenyl‐1‐propynes with electron‐donating moieties at room temperature.
Ultrathin Anionic Tungstophosphite Molecular Wire with Tunable Hydrophilicity and Catalytic Activity for Selective Epoxidation in Organic Media
Authors: Zhang Zhenxin , Sadakane Masahiro , Hara Michikazu , Ueda Wataru 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe extended 1D tungstophosphite molecular wire is obtained by connection of polyoxometalates. Self‐assembly of a triangular PIIIO3 unit with tungstate produces a hexagonal [HPIIIW6O21]2− building block, which then connects linearly to form the molecular wire. The surface property of the molecular wire is tuned to hydrophobic using organoammonium cations, and the surface‐modified material disperses easily in organic media. The multifunctional material, which possesses nanostructure, hydrophobicity, and redox properties simultaneously, is suitable for olefin epoxidation in organic solvent.
Influence of the swirling jet on pulverized coal gasification performance based on CFD simulation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Sang Lei , Li Ping , Li Zhuangmei , Fan Jianjiang , Ran Xiaowen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn order to study the influence of the swirling jet of the gasification agent on coal gasification performance, the gasification process of Ningdong pulverized coal inside a GSP gasifier (2000 t/d) was simulated under hot conditions, and the results were compared with actual industrial parameters. A three‐dimensional steady multi‐phase turbulent flow model was established by ANSYS Fluent. The coupling effect of turbulent chemistry was considered by Species Transport model. The realizable k‐ϵ model was used for the gas phase flow. The P‐1 model was implemented for radiation heat transfer. The heterogeneous reactions were irreversible surface reactions and the gas phase reactions were to reach equilibrium. The numerical results showed detailed information of flow field under direct jet and swirling jet. It indicated the swirling jet had a significant influence on coal gasification performance by analyzing the characteristics of flame, species, and gas‐solid distribution. In other words, the swirling jet promotes the reaction efficiency between coal particles and gas phase, increases the residence time of pulverized coal, and temperature and species concentration distribution are more well‐distributed. Furthermore, this work can better predict coal gasification behaviour under different conditions, so as to provide the theoretic support for subsequent sulphur removal and optimal design of the gasifier.
Cre‐expressing neurons in visual cortex of Ntsr1‐Cre GN220 mice are corticothalamic and are depolarized by acetylcholine
Authors: Sundberg Sofie Charlotte , Lindström Sarah Helen , Sanchez Gonzalo Manuel , Granseth Björn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Ntsr1‐Cre GN220 mouse expresses Cre‐recombinase in corticothalamic (CT) neurons in neocortical layer 6. It is not known if the other major types of pyramidal neurons in this layer also express this enzyme. By electrophysiological recordings in slices and histological analysis of the uptake of retrogradely transported beads we show that Cre‐positive neurons are CT and not corticocortical or corticoclaustral types. Furthermore, we show that Ntsr1‐Cre‐positive cells are immuno‐positive for the nuclear transcription factor Forkhead box protein P2 (FoxP2). We conclude that Cre‐expression is limited to a specific type of pyramidal neuron: CT. However, it appears as not all CT neurons are Cre‐expressing; there are indications that the penetrance of the gene is about 90%. We demonstrate the utility of assigning a specific identity to individual neurons by determining that the CT neurons are potently modulated by acetylcholine acting on both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These results corroborate the suggested function of these neurons in regulating the gain of thalamocortical transfer of sensory information depending on attentional demand and state of arousal.