bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5G‐Crosshaul: An SDN/NFV control and data plane architecture for the 5G integrated Fronthaul/Backhaul
Authors: González Sergio , de la Oliva Antonio , Costa‐Pérez Xavier , Di Giglio Andrea , Cavaliere Fabio , Deiß Thomas , Li Xi , Mourad Alain 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the control and data plane architecture design for a 5G transport solution (5G‐Crosshaul) with the aim of integrating the fronthaul and backhaul network segments in a common transport stratum. The control plane relies on the Software‐defined networking/Network Functions Virtualization concept to control and orchestrate the different elements of the network (the 5G‐Crosshaul control infrastructure). The data plane is based on an mixed optical/packet‐based forwarding entity (the 5G‐Crosshaul forwarding element) that leverages the benefits of optical passthrough with the statistical multiplexing of packet‐based transmission, working on top of a common frame format for both, fronthaul, and backhaul traffic (the 5G‐Crosshaul common frame). In addition to the main architecture design, this work includes the impact of providing multi‐tenancy support into the architecture of the overall system, in order to share the costs of building and operating the infrastructure among different operators.This architecture opens the 5G transport network as a service for innovative network applications on top (such as multi‐tenancy, and resource management), provisioning the required network and IT resources in a flexible, cost‐effective, and abstract manner. The proposed design supports the concept of network slicing pushed by the industry for realizing a truly flexible, sharable, and cost‐effective future 5G system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Beste aus beiden Welten
Authors: Bienert Hans‐Dieter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnthusiastisch aufgenommen, präsentiert das Metropolitan Museum of Art zusammen mit den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin und weiteren führenden Forschungsmuseen in New York die Schätze der hellenistischen Welt. Mit dabei auch die DFG — als Förderin zahlreicher Ausgrabungsprojekte und Ko‐Veranstalterin eines wissenschaftlichen Begleitsymposiums.
Welches Europa wir wollen
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGeht es um Europa, so dürfen Forschungspolitik und ‐förderung nicht jenen Denkmustern verfallen, die derzeit auf dem Kontinent um sich greifen. Forschung und Innovation für ein zukunftsfähiges Europa sind nicht auf ökonomistischen Reduktionismus, sondern allein auf Pluralismus und Freiheit zu gründen.
Hydroxycinnamic acids in cooked potato tubers from Solanum tuberosum group Phureja
Authors: Piñeros‐Niño Clara , Narváez‐Cuenca Carlos‐Eduardo , Kushalappa Ajjamada C. , Mosquera Teresa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHydroxycinnamic acids are phenolic compounds and are considered to have health promotion properties due to their antioxidant activity. Potato tubers of 113 genotypes of Solanum tuberosum group Phureja belonging to the Colombian Central Collection, landraces of potatoes, and commercial cultivars were evaluated for their hydroxycinnamic acids content. The composition of these compounds was analyzed using cooked tubers in two different agro‐climatic conditions. The genotypes were analyzed for chlorogenic acid, neo‐chlorogenic acid, crypto‐chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Chlorogenic acid was the major representative and varied between 0.77 to 7.98 g kg−1 DW (dry weight) followed by crypto‐chlorogenic acid (from 0.09 to 1.50 g kg−1 DW). Under moorland agro‐climatic conditions even though the chlorogenic acid levels increased with respect to flatland agro‐climatic conditions, the related isomer neo‐chlorogenic acid decreased as compared to flatland conditions. The correlation between chlorogenic acid with the isomers, and with caffeic acid was positive. This study demonstrated that there is a wide variation in hydroxycinnamic acids contents in the germplasm studied, which can be exploited in breeding programs to contribute to human health.
Efficacy, outcomes, and complication rates of different surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities for recurrent/residual oropharyngeal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jayaram Sharan Chakkyath , Muzaffar Sayed Jameel , Ahmed Ikhlaaq , Dhanda Jagtar , Paleri Vinidh , Mehanna Hisham 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of recurrent oropharyngeal cancer is widely thought to have poor outcomes. Justification for treatment, especially in advanced cases, can be difficult.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted. Included studies reported specific recurrent oropharyngeal cancer survival data.ResultsTwenty‐two retrospective studies were included. Pooled 3‐year overall survival (OS) was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 22% to 29%; I squared = 40.7%;p= .057). Pooled 5‐year OS was 23% (95% CI = 20% to 27%; I squared = 73.9%;p= .000). Surgical treatment was superior to radiation (5‐year OS 26% vs 16%, respectively;p< .001). The 5‐year OS improved over time: 18% in the pre‐2000 cohort; 35% in the mixed pre‐2000 and post‐2000 group; and 51% in the post‐2000 cohort (p< .001).ConclusionOutcomes have improved considerably over the last 2 decades, resulting in approximately 50% overall 5‐year survival. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status, patient selection, and improvements in care may explain this. © 2016 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck38:1855–1861, 2016
How well can the subsurface storage–discharge relation be interpreted and predicted using the geometric factors in headwater areas?
Authors: Liu Jintao , Han Xiaole , Chen Xi , Lin Henry , Wang Aihua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHeadwater storage–discharge (S–Q) remains one of the least understood processes, and there is renewed interest in the S–Q relation. How well can the S–Q relation be interpreted mechanistically using geometric factors? In this paper, the hillslope storage Boussinesq and hillslope storage kinematic wave equation were adopted to guide the theoretical derivations. Analytical solutions were derived based on the hsKW equation for nine idealized hillslope aquifers, which were subdivided into two groups, i.e. hillslope aquifers with exponential hillslope width function (C1) and hillslope aquifers with Gaussian hillslope width function (C2). We found that analytical expressions of the S–Q relation can be derived for C1 hillslope aquifers. For more compound hillslope aquifers, i.e. C2, no explicit S–Q relation can be obtained. The whole subsurface recession after a rainstorm is simulated by applying the initial saturation condition. We found that the simulated S–Q processes can be characterized by a two‐phase recession, i.e. quick and slow recession. The time (tb) at the dividing point of the quick and slow recessions depends on the geometric factors, such as the plan and profile curvature. In the quick recession for C1, many of the S–Q curves can be described as linear or quasi‐linear functions, which indicate that linear reservoir models can be applied approximately for recession simulations. However, during the slow recession phase of C1 and during the whole recession of C2, the S–Q relations are highly non‐linear. Finally, we compared the hillslope storage kinematic wave and hillslope storage Boussinesq models for simulating subsurface water recession after a rainstorm event in a real‐world headwater catchment (G5) in China. Through comparison of the recession slope curves, we found that the simulated results of the models employing the Gaussian hillslope width function match the observed hydrograph. The results indicated that appropriate organization of the hillslope geometric factors enhances our ability to make S–Q predictions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contextual Positive Coping as a Factor Contributing to Resilience After Disasters
Authors: Shing Elaine Z. , Jayawickreme Eranda , Waugh Christian E. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveStrategy–situation fit, or contextual coping, posits that the physical and psychological demands associated with stressors are determined in part by the characteristics of each stress situation and may therefore require the use of different coping strategies. In this review, we discuss strategy–situation fit in the context of both natural and manmade disasters as it pertains to positivity and, ultimately, resilience after disasters.MethodWe reviewed the relevant literature on positivity and coping with disasters using a contextual approach.ResultsWe identified several disaster‐related characteristics (i.e., cause of disaster, temporal characteristics of disasters, and degree of resource loss) that might influence the efficacy of positive coping strategies. We then discussed strategies that could be useful for promoting resilience with regard to these different characteristics.ConclusionThis work represents an initial step in conceptualizing disaster resiliency within the framework of contextual positive coping. Recommendations for future avenues of research are discussed.
Why we need theory in the organization sciences
Authors: Ashkanasy Neal M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTo make the case that theory is a necessary part of research in the organization sciences, I develop three lines of argument. In the first, drawing upon Staw and Sutton's (1995, “What theory is not” Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 371–384) classic piece, I outline the boundaries of theory and, using a recently published empirical article as an example, demonstrate how research based on literature references and line‐and‐box diagrams instead of explanatory theory can make only a limited contribution to the literature. I next discuss more generally the pitfalls of conducting research without first developing theory, citing the example of malaria. In the final section of the article, I defend the role of theory‐review articles, such as those published in the Academy of Management Review, and illustrate (again by reference to an example) how such articles are critical to advancing organizational research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The combined effect of water status and crop level on Tempranillo wine volatiles
Authors: Talaverano Inmaculada , Valdés Esperanza , Moreno Daniel , Gamero Esther , Mancha Luis , Vilanova Mar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of water status and crop level on the volatile composition of Tempranillo wine was investigated over two growing seasons (2010–2011) in Extremadura (Spain). Three water status treatments (T0, Rainfed control; T1, Early regulated deficit irrigation; T2, Late regulated deficit irrigation) were combined with two crop levels treatments (TH, cluster thinning; C, control).RESULTSCrop level treatment had a higher effect on individual volatiles analyzed in Tempranillo wine than water status. The combinations of water status and crop level treatments showed effects on all families of compounds with the exception of acetates and volatile fatty acids. Alcohols, C6 compounds and phenol volatiles produced the highest concentrations at the lower level of available water and when cluster thinning was applied (T0–TH). However, ethyl ester and lactones showed higher concentrations in regulated deficit irrigation (T1 and T2) and when cluster thinning was not applied.CONCLUSIONThe combined effect of rainfed and cluster‐thinning treatments (T0–TH) increased the majority of individual aromatic compounds quantified in Tempranillo wines and also showed the highest total odor activity value. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A small angle X‐ray scattering study of the structure and development of looseness in bovine hides and leather
Authors: Wells Hannah C , Holmes Geoff , Jeng U‐Ser , Wu Wei‐Ru , Kirby Nigel , Hawley Adrian , Mudie Stephen , Haverkamp Richard G 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome bovine hides produce poor quality leather, termed loose leather. The structural characteristics of hides and the intermediate processed stages that lead to loose leather are not well understood. In the present study, synchrotron‐based small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) is used to investigate collagen fibril orientation at the different stages of processing (i.e. from hide through to leather) that result in both tight and loose leathers.RESULTSTight leather of a relatively isotropic texture has a lower orientation index (OI) than loose leather of a more pronounced stratified texture; conversely, tight pickled hide and wet blue have a higher OI than loose pickled hide and wet blue. There is a greater increase in OI on processing from pickled hide to dry crust (leather) for loose material. This is largely the result of a greater increase in hide thickness prior to pickling for loose hide than tight hide, followed by a greater decrease at the dry crust stage. The collagen fibrils in loose leather and wet blue more readily orient under stress than do those in tight leather. Loose leather has a more pronounced layered structure than tight leather, although this difference is not apparent from SAXS measurements of hide prior to the dry crust stage; it develops during processing.CONCLUSIONThe greater swelling of the loose hide during processing disrupts the structure and leads to a more layered collagen arrangement on shrinking at the final dry crust stage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of chitosan‐sodium alginate pretreated with ultrasound on the enzyme activity, viscosity and structure of papain
Authors: Feng Liping , Cao Yanping , Xu Duoxia , Zhang Dandan , Huang Zhenghua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltrasound treatment has been shown to be an effective technique for improving the activity of immobilized enzymes. However, its mechanism is unclear.RESULTSThe effect of ultrasonic pretreated chitosan‐sodium alginate (CHI‐ALG) on the enzymatic activity of papain was investigated via a single factor (temperature, time, frequency, power) experiment. The maximum relative enzyme activity of papain was observed when it was mixed with ultrasound pretreatedCHI‐ALGat 135kHz, 0.25 W cm−2and 50 °C for 20 min, during which the relative activity increased by 72.14% compared to untreatedCHI‐ALG. Viscosity analysis of papain mixed withCHI‐ALGpretreated and untreated with ultrasound revealed that stronger association interactions between the polymers were formed compared to the untreated sample. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra indicated that the ultrasonic pretreatment ofCHI‐ALGincreased the number of tryptophan on the papain surface and also increased the content ofα‐helix by 6.97% and decreased the content ofβ‐sheet by 3.45% compared to the untreated solution.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicate that papain combined withCHI‐ALGpretreated with the appropriate ultrasound could be effective technique for improving the activity of immobilized enzymes as a result of changes in its structure and intermolecular interactions. It is important to extend the application ofCHI‐ALGgel in the immobilized enzyme industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Neutrophil infiltration and activation in bronchiolitic airways are independent of viral etiology
Authors: Cavallaro Elena C. , Liang Kar‐Kate , Lawrence Mark D. , Forsyth Kevin D. , Dixon Dani‐Louise 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundHospitalization with bronchiolitis is linked to the development of early childhood chronic wheeze and asthma. Viral etiology and severity of inflammation are potential contributing factors. Previously we observed reduced airway neutrophil infiltration in breastfed bronchiolitic infants, with a corresponding reduction in disease severity. This study aimed to examine whether respiratory viral etiology and co‐infection alters the pattern of neutrophil influx, and the inflammatory mediator profile, resulting in epithelial damage in bronchiolitis.MethodsNasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected from hospitalized infants were assessed for viruses, soluble protein, cellular infiltrate, interleukin (IL)‐6, ‐8, and myeloperoxidase (MPO).ResultsNPAs were collected from 228 bronchiolitic and 14 non‐bronchiolitic infants. In the bronchiolitic cohort, human rhinovirus was most prevalent (38%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (36%), adenovirus (10%), and human metapneumovirus (6%), with 25% positive for viral co‐infections and 25% negative for all screened viruses. Viral‐induced bronchiolitis was associated with increased cellular infiltrate and protein, above control, and virus‐negative infants (P < 0.05). Cellular infiltrate correlated to IL‐6, ‐8, and MPO (r = 0.331, 0.669, and 0.661; P < 0.01). Protein, IL‐6, ‐8, and MPO differed significantly between viral groups; however, the majority of marker values for all groups fall within an overlapping, indistinguishable range, precluding their use as biomarkers of viral etiology. No significant difference was found between single and viral co‐infections for any parameter.ConclusionBronchiolitic infants presenting with a detectable respiratory virus during hospitalization demonstrated elevated markers of airway tissue inflammation and injury. In this cohort, viral etiology did not discernibly modulate chemokine‐mediated neutrophil infiltration and activation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:238–246. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bayesian Model Selection for the Validation of Computer Codes
Authors: Damblin Guillaume , Keller Merlin , Barbillon Pierre , Pasanisi Alberto , Parent Éric 
Published: July 2016

Complex physical systems are increasingly modeled by computer codes which aim at predicting the reality as accurately as possible. During the last decade, code validation has benefited from a large interest within the scientific community because of the requirement to assess the uncertainty affecting the code outputs. Inspiring from past contributions to this task, a testing procedure is proposed in this paper to decide either a pure code prediction or a discrepancy‐corrected one should be used to provide the best approximation of the physical system.In a particular case where the computer code depends on uncertain parameters, this problem of model selection can be carried out in a Bayesian setting. It requires the specification of proper prior distributions that are well known as having a strong impact on the results. Another way consists in specifying non‐informative priors. However, they are sometimes improper, which is a major barrier for computing the Bayes factor. A way to overcome this issue is to use the so‐calledintrinsic Bayes factor(IBF) in order to replace the ill‐defined Bayes factor when improper priors are used. For computer codes which depend linearly on their parameters, the computation of the IBF is made easier, thanks to some explicit marginalization. In the paper, we present a special case where the IBF is equal to the standard Bayes factor when theright‐Haarprior is specified on the code parameters and the scale of the code discrepancy.On simulated data, the IBF has been computed for several prior distributions. A confounding effect between the code discrepancy and the linear code is pointed out. Finally, the IBF is computed for an industrial computer code used for monitoring power plant production. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative QM/MM studies of H2 adsorption on lithium doped single walled armchair and zigzag nanotubes: SiCNT, GeCNT, and SnCNT
Authors: Samanta Pabitra Narayan , Das Kalyan Kumar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBinding capabilities of hydrogen molecules on Li doped metal carbide nanotubes (MCNT, M = Si, Ge, Sn) have been compared from ab initio‐based calculations using quantum mechanical /molecular mechanics methodology. Geometry optimizations are carried out at the ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6‐31 + G(d)//LANL2DZ:UFF) level of theory with coronene ring as a model in the high layer. Lithium binding energies on each of the pure armchair (5,5) and zigzag (6,0) MCNTs are calculated. Adsorptions of one and two H2 molecules on the Li doped nanotubes are successively studied. In both cases the complexes are found to be stable and the average adsorption energy falls in between −18 and −38 kcal/mol. Stabilities of Li@MCNT, H2/Li@MCNT, and (H2)2/Li@MCNT systems are confirmed from the HOMO‐LUMO gap and three chemical reactivity descriptors such as chemical potential, hardness and electrophilicity index. The charge polarization mechanism plays a pivotal role in the H2 adsorption on the surface of Li@MCNT. The dispersion corrected M06‐2X functional is also included in the calculation to investigate the changes in the H2 binding properties. The interaction of H2 with the lithium doped MCNT has also been analyzed from the total electron density maps and density of states projected to different atoms.
In silico characterization of bimolecular electron transfer reactions: The ferrocene–ferrocenium reaction as a test case
Authors: Del Galdo Sara , Aschi Massimiliano , Amadei Andrea 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe theoretical modeling of chemical reactions in condensed phase still represents an open field of investigation for theoretical–computational chemistry. In this context, we have proposed a methodology (the Perturbed Matrix Method [PMM]), based on the first principles of statistical mechanics and on the use of molecular simulations, which has demonstrated its ability in quantitatively predicting the kinetics and the thermodynamics of chemical reactions in complex atomistic environments. In this study, we demonstrate the features of PMM by modeling the resonant Electron Transfer bimolecular reaction between ferrocene and ferrocenium in solution. The obtained results, despite the adopted approximations and the intrinsic limitations of the approach, are in very good agreement with the experimental data and demonstrate the ability of the method for addressing complex reactions in solution and for evaluating the kinetics of slow events out of the potentialities of the state‐of‐the‐art molecular simulations.
Conflict inside and outside: Social comparisons and attention shifts in multidivisional firms
Authors: Hu Songcui , He Zi‐Lin , Blettner Daniela P. , Bettis Richard A. 
Published: July 2016

Research summary: Behavioral Theory highlights the crucial role of social comparisons in attention allocation in adaptive aspirations. Yet, both the specification of social reference points and the dynamics of attention allocation have received little scholarly examination. We address performance feedback from two social reference points relative to divisions in multidivisional firms: economic reference point and political reference point. Comparing divisional performance with the two reference points can give consistent or inconsistent feedback, which has important consequences for the dynamics of attention allocation in adaptive aspirations. We find consistent feedback leads to more attention to own experience, while inconsistent feedback results in more attention to the social reference point the focal division underperforms. Results reveal that political reference point plays an important role in determining managerial attention allocation.Managerial summary: This article is based on how goal‐based performance of divisions relative to both their relevant external market rivals and sister divisions in multidivisional firms influences corporate resource allocation. As a result, various combinations of performance against the two groups of peers drive the reallocation of divisional management attention. We show that specific attention shifts occur on average as a function of the focal division's performance relative to the marketplace performance and that of sister divisions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.