bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How strong is the ban on non-finite verbs in V2? Evidence from early second language learners of German with and without SLI
Authors: Schulz Petra , Schwarze Rabea 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Using the standardized test LiSe-DaZ across four test rounds, we collected elicited production data from 22
typically developing early second language learners (eL2 TD) of German (mean age at T1: 3;7) and 11 older eL2
children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) (mean age at T1: 7;1). Focusing on the relation between verb
placement and verbal inflectional morphology two questions were addressed: Do eL2 children obey the ban on
non-finite verbs in verb-second position (V2) in German, and do eL2 SLI children differ from their eL2 TD peers in
their morpho-syntactic behavior? This is the first study on this issue to systematically differentiate between V2 and
verb-final position (Vf) and between bare verb forms and infinitives, based on a large sample of elicited production
data. Results show that from the first test round onwards verbal inflectional morphology and verb placement were
strongly related in the TD and the SLI group. Bare verb forms occurred in V2 only and are argued to be finite;
en-infinitives were restricted to Vf. We conclude that a) the restrictions for morphological markings
are inextricably tied to specific syntactic positions, b) that this knowledge is still accessible when L2 acquisition
starts around age 3, and c) that the ban on non-finite verbs in V2 is invulnerable in eL2 TD and in SLI, indicating
that SLI is matter of severe delay.
On Topological Indices of Certain Dendrimer Structures
Authors: Aslam Adnan , Bashir Yasir , Ahmad Safyan , Gao Wei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A topological index can be considered as transformation of chemical structure in to real number. In QSAR/QSPR study, physicochemical properties and topological indices such as Randić, Zagreb, atom-bond connectivity ABC, and geometric-arithmetic GA index are used to predict the bioactivity of chemical compounds. Dendrimers are highly branched, star-shaped macromolecules with nanometer-scale dimensions. Dendrimers are defined by three components: a central core, an interior dendritic structure (the branches), and an exterior surface with functional surface groups. In this paper we determine generalised Randić, general Zagreb, general sum-connectivity indices of poly(propyl) ether imine, porphyrin, and zinc-Porphyrin dendrimers. We also compute ABC and GA indices of these families of dendrimers.
Implementasi Network Attached Storage (NAS) Menggunakan NAS4Free untuk Media Backup File
Authors: Santoso Kartika Imam , Muin Muhamad Abdul 
Published: June 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>STMIK Bina Patria Magelang adalah sekolah tinggi yang berada di jalan Raden Saleh No.2 Magelang, yang membidangi dalam ilmu komputer. STMIK Bina Patria mempunyai </span><span>file</span><span>–</span><span>file </span><span>pekerjaan yang sangat penting dan privasi, sehingga perlu untuk adanya sistem yang berguna untuk </span><span>backup file</span><span>. </span><span>Network Attached Storage </span><span>(NAS) adalah sebuah server dengan sistem operasi yang dikhususkan untuk melayani kebutuhan berkas data. NAS dapat berbentuk perangkat yang siap pakai atau berupa sebuah </span><span>software </span><span>yang akan di-</span><span>install</span><span>-kan pada sebuah komputer agar berubah fungsi menjadi server NAS. Untuk </span><span>software </span><span>ini menggunakan </span><span>NAS4Free </span><span>yang berbasis linux. Model pengembangan sistem menggunakan </span><span>Network Development Life Cycle </span><span>(NDLC), adapun siklus tahapannya berisi </span><span>analysis</span><span>, </span><span>design</span><span>, </span><span>simulation</span><span>, </span><span>prototyping</span><span>, </span><span>implementation</span><span>, </span><span>monitoring </span><span>sehingga perencanaan yang akan dilakukan diharapkan bisa maksimal. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap rata-rata </span><span>upload</span><span>-nya adalah 3,5 Mbps, sedangkan untuk rata-rata download-nya adalah 5,63Mbps. </span></p></div></div></div>
Outcomes of Nonoperative Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Authors: Bachur Richard G. , Lipsett Susan C. , Monuteaux Michael C. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Nonoperative management (NOM) of uncomplicated pediatric appendicitis has promise but remains poorly studied. NOM may lead to an increase in resource utilization. Our objective was to investigate the trends in NOM for uncomplicated appendicitis and study the relevant clinical outcomes including subsequent appendectomy, complications, and resource utilization.

METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of administrative data from 45 US pediatric hospitals. Patients &lt;19 years of age presenting to the emergency department (ED) with appendicitis between 2010 and 2016 were studied. NOM was defined by an ED visit for uncomplicated appendicitis treated with antibiotics and the absence of appendectomy at the index encounter. The main outcomes included trends in NOM among children with uncomplicated appendicitis and frequency of subsequent diagnostic imaging, ED visits, hospitalizations, and appendectomy during 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS:
99 001 children with appendicitis were identified, with a median age of 10.9 years. Sixty-six percent were diagnosed with nonperforated appendicitis, of which 4190 (6%) were managed nonoperatively. An increasing number of nonoperative cases were observed over 6 years (absolute difference, +20.4%). During the 12-month follow-up period, NOM patients were more likely to have the following: advanced imaging (+8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6% to 10.3%]), ED visits (+11.2% [95% CI 9.3% to 13.2%]), and hospitalizations (+43.7% [95% CI 41.7% to 45.8%]). Among patients managed nonoperatively, 46% had a subsequent appendectomy.

CONCLUSIONS:
A significant increase in NOM of nonperforated appendicitis was observed over 6 years. Patients with NOM had more subsequent ED visits and hospitalizations compared with those managed operatively at the index visit. A substantial proportion of patients initially managed nonoperatively eventually had an appendectomy.
Psychometric validation of the Persian nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form: Does gender and hours spent online gaming affect the interpretations of item descriptions?
Authors: Wu Tzu-Yi , Lin Chung-Ying , Årestedt Kristofer , Griffiths Mark D. , Broström Anders , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: June 2017

Background and aims
The nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS-SF9) is brief and effective to evaluate Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) severity. Although its scores show promising psychometric properties, less is known about whether different groups of gamers interpret the items similarly. This study aimed to verify the construct validity of the Persian IGDS-SF9 and examine the scores in relation to gender and hours spent online gaming among 2,363 Iranian adolescents.

Methods
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis were used to examine the construct validity of the IGDS-SF9. The effects of gender and time spent online gaming per week were investigated by multigroup CFA and Rasch differential item functioning (DIF).

Results
The unidimensionality of the IGDS-SF9 was supported in both CFA and Rasch. However, Item 4 (fail to control or cease gaming activities) displayed DIF (DIF contrast = 0.55) slightly over the recommended cutoff in Rasch but was invariant in multigroup CFA across gender. Items 4 (DIF contrast = −0.67) and 9 (jeopardize or lose an important thing because of gaming activity; DIF contrast = 0.61) displayed DIF in Rasch and were non-invariant in multigroup CFA across time spent online gaming.

Conclusions
Given the Persian IGDS-SF9 was unidimensional, it is concluded that the instrument can be used to assess IGD severity. However, users of the instrument are cautioned concerning the comparisons of the sum scores of the IGDS-SF9 across gender and across adolescents spending different amounts of time online gaming.
CONSIDERACIONES TEÓRICAS DE ESTRATEGIA Y GESTIÓN EN EL CONTEXTO DE LAS COOPERATIVAS
Authors: Sánchez Otero Madelin , Sánchez otero Luisa 
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo es de revisión bibliográfica, cuyo objetivo fue analizar referentes teóricos y empíricos sobre estrategia y gestión en las cooperativas. Se consultó fuentes secundarias como: artículos, libros físicos y electrónicos, bases de datos e informes y estadísticas institucionales. Se halló que existen pocos estudios sobre estrategia en el ámbito cooperativo y respecto al tema de gestión, la mayoría de estudios encontrados son empíricos. Se concluye, que la estrategia es una poderosa herramienta que facilita la gestión de directivos de una organización y la gestión está relacionada con la capacidad de los directivos para ejecutar la estrategia; en las cooperativas, la estrategia y gestión representa un proceso de renovación más abierto y articulado con los retos del entorno. ABSTRACTThis item is from literature review aimed at analyzing theoretical and empirical references on strategy and management in cooperatives. Secondary sources were consulted as articles, physical and electronic books, databases and reports and institutional statistics. It was found that there are few studies on the cooperative strategy and field management on the issue, most empirical studies are found. We conclude that the strategy is a powerful tool that makes managing directors of an organization and management is related to the ability of managers to execute strategy, in cooperatives, strategy and management represents a renewal process more open and articulated the challenges of the environment.
La dinámica “Cuerpo Común” como herramienta para el desarrollo endógeno de la comunidad indígena Shuar Yawi, Gualaquiza, Ecuador.
Authors: Bottasso Noemi , Patera Salvatore 
Published: June 2017

<p>La pedagogía se enfoca a la formación humana de aquel ser-sujeto-individuo entendido como animal social que en la sociedad cumple su propia formación humana, que es un conjunto de emancipación de… y construcción en la libertad, autonomía, auto-formación. De hecho sujetos, grupos, comunidades e instituciones que continuamente aprenden, desarrollan una creciente participación en la vida social, combinando crecientes niveles de competencias y capacidad para mejorar sus propia auto-realización en el desarrollo sostenible del amplio horizonte de la sociedad. El aprendizaje, individual y colectivo es un “proceso interactivo de interpretación, integración y transformación” de nuestro mundo experiencia, donde el aprendizaje reproduce y transforma la estructura social en la que habita. El valor <em>constructivo de la evaluación</em>, se vuelvo un instrumento de consciencia y mejoría del camino realizado por un grupo y promueve aprendizaje organizacional. El acento está puesto sobre el proceso de <em>innovación y mejoramiento</em> que la evaluación tiene de desempeñar, sobre las transformaciones auspiciadas en sujetos, los cuales, aprendiendo a evaluar y formular mas conscientemente y autónomamente los objetivos, a perseguirlo de manera intencional y cooperativa, a revisitar periódicamente lo realizado. El caso de estudio del siguiente artículo hace referencia a la capacitación propiciada al “Colectivo Juventud de Emprendedores”, grupo de indígenas Shuar de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana, que en 2015 empezó un proceso de emprendimiento para rescatar la sabiduría de sus ancestros y reforestar con plantas de <em>Ilex Guayusa </em>algunas zonas de la provincia de Morona Santiago, Ecuador. Se utilizó la metodología del “Cuerpo Común” como herramienta para el fortalecimiento del grupo y la visualización de sus fortalezas y debilidades. </p>
¿Los llaman terroristas? Unos jovenes como tantos otros…
Authors: Dupret Marie-Astrid 
Published: June 2017

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">A pesar de que el terrorismo no tiene una vinculación con el Islam como tal, queda por explicar ¿por qué en la actualidad, la llamada a la Guerra Santa y la perpetración de actos violentos espectaculares atraen tanto a algunos jóvenes de los sectores marginales de grandes ciudades? Para entender lo que les lleva a cometer ‘atentados terroristas’, es preciso tomar en cuenta el contexto sociocultural y político en el cual están viviendo su juventud. Se puede sospechar que nunca se han sentido plenamente aceptados en una sociedad dominante que les segrega y no reconoce los valores tradicionales de sus padres, ni tampoco de su religión. De ahí la tendencia a las transgresiones y a la delincuencia en la adolescencia como una manera de revindicar una existencia propia. Lo que les abre el camino hacia la cárcel donde les esperan malos tratos y humillaciones. En estas circunstancias, el Islam radical se vuelve para ellos una tabla de salvación que les ofrece una oportunidad para volverse héroes y por fin tener un momento de protagonismo, ser alguien, aunque sea muriendo en el acto. </span></p>
HIV Pathogenesis: Abstracts from the March 2017 Cleveland Immunopathogenesis Consortium Meeting
Authors: Lederman Michael M. 
Published: June 2017

The Cleveland Immunopathogenesis Consortium (CLIC) was launched in March 2004 by a small group of investigators (Ron Bosch, Jason Brenchley, Steven Deeks, Danny Douek, Zvi Grossman, Robert Kalayjian, Clifford Harding, Michael Lederman, Leonid Margolis, Miguel Quinones, Benigno Rodriguez, Rafick Sekaly, Scott Sieg, and Guido Silvestri) who were increasingly persuaded that immune activation was an important driver of HIV pathogenesis. We met around a chalk board and scribbled our models of pathogenesis, designed some experiments then went back home to do them. We met again soon to review our new and unpublished findings that refined and shaped these models. The data presentations were short, informal and heavy on discussion. The model worked well, the consortium was productive and the meetings catalyzed numerous collaborations and scores of high impact papers. The CLIC (less formally, the Bad Boys of Cleveland [1]) has been meeting regularly since then. Consortium membership has expanded to include other investigators (some are listed in the presentations below). Whether the goal is to prevent the morbid complications of HIV infection, to understand the determinants of HIV persistence or the factors that protect from acquisition of infection, a more clear understanding of HIV immunopathogenesis is central. Here in this issue of Pathogens and Immunity is a brief summary of the most recent CLIC//BBC meeting held in Cleveland in March 2017.
The erector spinae plane block: an alternative to conventional anaesthesia in a high‐risk patient
Authors: Petrucci Emiliano , Coletta Rosaria , Pizzi Barbara , Fusco Pierfrancesco , Scimia Paolo , Blasetti Angelo Geremia 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe choice of anaesthetic technique poses a challenge in high‐risk patients requiring emergency surgery. The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a novel interfascial plane block, described for providing thoracic and visceral abdominal analgesia. We report the use of bilateral ultrasound‐guided ESP blocks to achieve effective anaesthesia and analgeisa in a patient with multiple comorbidities and chronic pain undergoing emergency bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy.
Maxillary Overdenture Retained with an Implant Support CAD-CAM Bar: A 4 Years Follow Up Case
Authors: Corsalini Massimo , Venere Daniela Di , Stefanachi Gianluca , Muci Giovannino , Palminteri Andrea , Laforgia Alessandra , Pettini Francesco 
Published: June 2017

Introduction:
Oral rehabilitation with overdenture on implants of upper jaw must be taken into consideration a variety of anatomical and biomechanical issues. It is possible to provide for rehabilitation with two or more implants, in different positions, solidarizing them with a bar.

Materials & Methods:
The present study involved a patient rehabilitated with 4 Xive implants (Friadent GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) solidarized with a titanium bar crafted with CAD-CAM technology for maximal comfort, precision and structural lightness.

Results & Discussion:
The follow-up was 54 months, with an implant survival of 100%. Based on our clinical evidence, bars engineered with CAD-CAM technology are promising in terms of precision and comfort despite higher costs.
Evaluation of Wet Mapping Functions Used in Modeling Tropospheric Propagation Delay Effect on GPS Measurements
Authors: Abdel-Monam Younes Sobhy 
Published: June 2017

Background:The author compares several methods to map the a priori wet tropospheric delay of GNSS signals in Egypt from the zenith direction to lower elevations.Methods and Materials:The author compared the following mapping techniques against ray-traced delays computed for radiosonde profiles under the assumption of spherical symmetry: Saastamoinen, Hopfield, Black, Chao, Ifadis, Herring, Niell, Moffett, Black and Eisner and UNBabc mapping functions. Radiosonde data were computed from radiosonde stations at the Egyptian stations; in the south of Egypt, near the Mediterranean Sea, and near the Red Sea over a period of 5 years (2000-2005), most of the stations launched radiosonde twice daily, every day of the year. Moreover, data is received from the Egyptian Meteorology Authority.Results and Conclusion:The results indicate that currently, the saastamoinen mapping function should be used for all geodetic applications in Egypt, and if necessary, the Chao and Moffett mapping functions can serve as an acceptable replacement without introducing a significant bias into the station position.
Horizontal Bedding Shale Geostress Calculation Method
Authors: Ligang Zhang , Sining Qu , Tie Yan , Bing Guan 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Since the fragile anisotropy of shale, it is difficult to carry out laboratory experiments of geostress by shale cores. The existing geostress calculation model that is based on the homogeneous hypothesis also cannot meet the accuracy requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the new geostress calculation model and test methods which are suitable for shale and provide the effective guidance for drilling and fracturing.

Methods:
Firstly, the triaxial stress experiments were carried out. It showed that the mechanical parameters had strong difference between parallel and vertical bedding direction. The characteristics of transversely isotropic were shown obviously. Then, the geostress calculation model which considers the mechanical parameters of anisotropy in different direction was established by the constitutive relation of transversely isotropic materials. Finally, it was assumed that there is no relative displacement between formations in the process of deposition and the late tectonic movement; the prediction method for the shale geostress was established by the adjacent homogeneous formation. The sensitivity factors and influence laws were analyzed for the horizontal bedding shale geostress.

Results:
The results showed that the shale geostress was controlled by the elastic parameters of its own and the adjacent beds’.

Conclusion:
The research can provide the theoretical basis and easy way for calculating the shale geosterss.
Metodologia comparada e análise da cobertura da corrupção política [Entrevista com Isabel Ferin Cunha]
Authors: Castilho Fernanda 
Published: June 2017

<p>A Prof.ª Dr.ª Isabel Ferin Cunha possui uma relação extremamente próxima com o Brasil desde os anos 1980, quando cursou mestrado e doutorado na Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (ECA-USP). Em virtude dessa relação privilegiada não apenas como o Brasil, mas como o espaço lusófono, na Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal), onde leciona no Departamento de Filosofia, Comunicação e Informação da Faculdade de Letras (FLUC), a docente orienta grande parte dos estudantes estrangeiros de língua portuguesa. O projeto “Corrupção política nos <em>media</em>: uma perspetiva comparada”, que atualmente coordena, financiado pela agência portuguesa de fomento FCT (Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia), tem como objetivo analisar a cobertura jornalística da corrupção tanto na imprensa, como na televisão, para além da internet (blogs políticos), em três países: Portugal, Brasil e Moçambique. Nessa entrevista, Isabel Ferin aponta as dificuldades inerentes à realização de pesquisas comparadas, indicando caminhos para transpor questões como a utilização de metodologias comuns e análise de dados provenientes de diferentes realidades sociais e midiáticas. Por outro lado, afirma que o tratamento da corrupção política na mídia é um dos fatores da transformação da democracia no ocidente. </p>
Les organisations à but non lucratif et l’innovation managériale
Authors: Robert Marc , Khallouk Marouane , Mignon Sophie 
Published: June 2017

Les organisations à but non lucratif, après une croissante forte et une professionnalisation accrue, jouent aujourd’hui un rôle économique majeur. Ce travail a pour objectif d’identifier les spécificités de ces organisations favorisant leur profonde mutation organisationnelle et managériale. La combinaison suivante est apparue comme facteur déclencheur d’une innovation managériale : une culture organisationnelle spécifique intégrant l’innovation, une diversité du personnel conduisant à l’enrichissement des connaissances organisationnelles et une capacité à gérer la pression exercée par les bailleurs de fonds.
Clinical outcomes of an endoscopic transclival and transpetrosal approach for primary skull base malignancies involving the clivus
Authors: Kim Yong Hwy , Jeon Chiman , Se Young-Bem , Hong Sang Duk , Seol Ho Jun , Lee Jung-II , Park Chul-Kee , Kim Dong Gyu , Jung Hee-Won , Han Doo Hee , Nam Do-Hyun , Kong Doo-Sik 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEThe endoscopic endonasal approach for treating primary skull base malignancies involving the clivus is a formidable task. The authors hypothesized that tumor involvement of nearby critical anatomical structures creates hurdles to endoscopic gross-total resection (GTR). The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach to treat primary malignancies involving the clivus and to analyze prognostic factors for GTR.METHODSBetween January 2009 and November 2015, 42 patients underwent the endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of primary skull base malignancies involving the clivus at 2 independent institutions. Clinical data; tumor locations within the clivus; and anatomical involvement of the cavernous or paraclival internal carotid artery, cisternal trigeminal nerve, hypoglossal canal, and dura mater were investigated to assess the extent of resection. Possible prognostic factors affecting GTR were also analyzed.RESULTSOf the 42 patients, 37 were diagnosed with chordomas and 5 were diagnosed with chondrosarcomas. The mean (± SD) preoperative tumor volume was 25.2 ± 30.5 cm3 (range 0.8–166.7 cm3). GTR was achieved in 28 patients (66.7%) and subtotal resection in 14 patients (33.3%). All tumors were classified as upper (n = 17), middle (n = 17), or lower (n = 8) clival tumors based on clival involvement, and as central (24 [57.1%]) or paramedian (18 [42.9%]) based on laterality of the tumor. Univariate analysis identified the tumor laterality (OR 6.25, 95% CI 1.51–25.86; p = 0.011) as significantly predictive of GTR. In addition, the laterality of the tumor was found to be a statistically significant predictor in multivariate analysis (OR 41.16, 95% CI 1.12–1512.65; p = 0.043).CONCLUSIONSAn endoscopic endonasal approach can provide favorable clinical and surgical outcomes. However, the tumor laterality should be considered as a potential obstacle to total removal.