bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GaN p-n Structures Fabricated by Mg Ion Implantation
Authors: Kalinina E.V. , Solov’ev V.A. , Zubrilov A.S. , Dmitriev V.A. , Kovarsky A.P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper we report on the first GaN p-n diodes fabricated by Mg ion implantation doping of n-type GaN epitaxial layers. Ion implantation was performed at room temperature. Implantation dose ranged from 1013 to 2×1016 cm−2. After implantation samples were annealed for 10-15 s at a wide temperature interval from 600°C to 1200°C in flowing N2 to form p-type layers. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with electron beam induced current and back scattered electron modes as well as current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements were used to study structural and electrical characteristics of the Mg implanted p-n structures.
Extensive Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT: a Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Fuser Dominique , Hedberg Matthew L. , Dehner Louis P. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Siegel Barry A. 
Published: January 2018

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) is a highly aggressive form of dedifferentiated renal cell carcinoma. We report a 62-year-old man who presented with respiratory symptoms and a lung mass on chest computed tomography (CT). The patient underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and was found to have extensive metastatic disease. Based on the history and imaging findings, there were possible primary malignancies, including bronchogenic carcinoma, melanoma, or an aggressive lymphoma. An excisional biopsy surprisingly revealed a high-grade sarcomatoid carcinoma with no evidence of differentiation, and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies showed that the tumor cells were positive for markers of genitourinary origin (PAX-8 and vimentin). The histologic and IHC results, along with multiple FDG-avid exophytic lesions in both kidneys, were considered diagnostic of sRCC. Here we have highlighted the potential role of 18F-FDG-PET-CT in patients with sRCC, discussed the diagnostic challenges, and presented a brief review.
REFLECTIONS OF YOUNG ADULTS ON THE LOSS OF A PARENT IN ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Apelian Eva , Nesteruk Olena 
Published: January 2018

This study explores the reflections of young adults on the experience of parental loss in adolescence. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling and personal connections from Montreal and New Jersey. Personal interviews based on in-depth, open-ended questions were used to examine how parentally bereaved children and their families were affected in the short term and into early adulthood. The use of resources, coping strategies helpful to the participants, and adaptation to the death were also explored. The findings of the study are discussed through the lens of the Double ABC-X model of family stress and adaptation. Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) pile-up of stressors aggravates grieving; (b) benefits of social support; (c) coping strategies used by the participants; (d) adaptation to the loss of a parent — personal growth and maturation. Implications for future research and practitioners working with this population are discussed.
MOTIVASI: URGENSITASNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN YANG EFEKTIF
Authors: Fahimah Siti 
Published: January 2018

<p><em>In the process of education or learning, we often categorize children or adult into successful or unsuccessful. These terms of categorization are based on external monitoring. But the success of pupils depends largely on their motivation. There are pupils showing the laziness in learning because they lack motivation, internally or externally. They need positive motivation. There is intrinsic motivation, i.e. the motivation which emerges from inside the self or the motivation which is closely connected with the purpose. And there is extrinsic motivation, i.e. the motivation which comes from outside the self or the motivation which has no connection with the purpose. The motivation is intimately related to psychological condition. There are many theories of motivation, but they all go back to the individual state of a person. There are also several ways to raise motivation: 1) Creating competition, 2) Defining clear and recognized purpose, 3) Accomodating the interests of pupils. The purposes of motivation are: 1) to urge people to reach their goals, 2) to point them in the direction of their goals, and 3) to select carefully the appropriate action to reach the goals. The clear motivation can help teachers to carry out the more effective process of learning with the better results.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>motivation, motive, psychology, learning effectiveness.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>
SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM DI CINA DAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM NOVEL ASSALAMUALAIKUM BEIJING
Authors: Widada Dwi Masdi 
Published: January 2018

<p><em>The phrase that describes that a science should be pursued even to China. Novel Assalamualaikum Beijing provides an overview of the presence of Islam in the Bamboo Curtain country. Islamic civilization has appeared some time ago in China. The novel is intentionally prove that Islam was, and triumphed in China. Islam not only had triumphed in Europe, especially Andalusia (now Spain). Travelling around the main character of China as a columnist Asma Indonesia provided a glimmer of hope, strength, and love of the teachings of Islam. Islam never lived and interacted with the people of China. Chinese Muslim faces with hoods and eyes sipitnya show relationships and interactions among the Muslims. Islam in China is known as "pure religion of the sky" .In this novel, the reader is also treated to the values </em><em></em><em>of Islamic education, the history of Islam, and the messages of Islam. Building a mosque in China a sign of the existence of Islam. One of the mosques and Muslim villages in China. This shows the triumph of Islam in the past. The value of education and the propagation of Islam seen in self Zhongwen figures. He was fascinated with friends Mus'ab bin Umair handsome and willing to remove the sparkling world for his new love in Islam</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Islamic Civilization, Islamic Education Value, China</em>
POSISI DAN PERAN GURU DALAM POLA KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Suprapto Anas 
Published: January 2018

<p><em>The Changes to a curriculum will undoubtedly continue to occur. The big mission of these changes alone is in order to create a better situation for the out put of education. Such changes substantially in order to strike a balance between the spiritual and social attitudes, curiosity, creativity, cooperation with intellectual and psychomotor abilities. Curriculum 2013 appears to create output that is expected of it. To reach it, one fundamental factor is the maximization of the candidates' professional aptitude of teachers as an important instrument for the success of education. The application of research-based learning can be used to develop self-potential students in this controversial curriculum.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>teacher, student, curriculum 2013, research</em><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
Effects of salinity stress (NaCl) on growth attributes and some nutrient accumulation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Kouam Eric Bertrand , Marie Solange Mandou Ebeny Leonny Tsague 
Published: January 2018

<p>This study investigates the impact of salinity (NaCl) on growth and ions accumulation in the leaves of three cowpea genotypes: OU100 and KEB-CP118 from Cameroon and ICV12 from Kenya. Four levels of salinity were used (0mM, 50mM, 100mM and 150mM) and the experiment was carried out in the greenhouse. Growth parameters were measured on 8 weeks old plants. Leaf ions concentrations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>) were determined. It was observed that increasing salinity induced significant increase in Na<sup>+</sup> and substantial reduction in the accumulation of K<sup>+</sup> in the leave of all genotypes. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significant association among most of the growth parameters. Water content in shoots was not affected by salinity for all genotypes; however salinity induced a reduction of water content in the root for ICV12 and OU100 genotypes. Generally, results highlighted that high salt concentrations significantly delayed the growth process. The delay was more pronounced for OU100 genotype. Therefore, genotype effect toward salinity tolerance was noticed. KEB-CP118 was the most tolerant genotype as salinity did not affect negatively growth parameters. Its remarkable behavior under salinity indicates it should be explored in selection programs, used in development of tolerant varieties and promoted for cultivation in tropical zones affected by salinity.</p>
Para uma enciclopédia da cidade
Authors: Dias Cristiane 
Published: January 2018

ORLANDI, Eni Puccinelli (Coaut. de). Para uma enciclopedia da cidade. Campinas, SP: Pontes: UNICAMP/LABEURB, 2003. 221p., il. (Cidade, linguagem, sociedade ; 2). ISBN 8571131813 (broch.).
DO SENTIDO FILOSÓFICO À SIGNIFICAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA DO CUIDADO
Authors: Teixeira Silva Elenice De Brito 
Published: January 2018

<p>Qual o sentido do termo cuidado? O que significa cuidar na educação infantil? Compreender tais questões não é, pois, uma tarefa fácil, tendo em vista que a polissemia do termo cuidado já figura no campo pedagógico com desdobramentos curriculares e metodológicos. Este ensaio se ocupa do sentido filosófico do termo cuidado e aponta possíveis desdobramentos para as Pedagogia (s) da infância. Com base na obra Ser e Tempo de Heidegger, defende-se nesse texto, duas teses: a primeira diz que o cuidado, enquanto categoria central nos estudos de educação infantil, deve ser considerado como fenômeno. A segunda tese defende que o binômio cuidar/educar não tem sentido enquanto função da educação infantil, pois o cuidar, enquanto dimensão humana, integra o educar.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Drinking-water management in Canadian provinces and territories: a review and comparison of management approaches for ensuring safe drinking water
Authors: Bereskie Ty , Delpla Ianis , Rodriguez Manuel J. , Sadiq Rehan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrinking-water management systems (DWMSs) represent the primary means for preventative management of a drinking-water supply and are defined as a system of policies, procedures and administrative/behavioral controls designed to ensure safe drinking water from source to tap. With influence and inspiration ranging from safe food handling to industrial quality management, DWMSs can take, and have taken, many different forms throughout the world. This variability is especially true in Canada, a country with a decentralized governance structure, where provincial and territorial governments are mostly autonomous in regard to drinking-water governance and management. While this has resulted in comprehensive DWMSs in provinces such as Ontario, less-proactive provinces and territories have fallen behind and may be exposing consumers to under-protected and vulnerable drinking-water supplies. This paper includes a review and comparison of the existing Canadian national, provincial and territorial approaches to drinking-water management, the World Health Organization Water Safety Plan Recommendations, national DWMSs from Australia and New Zealand, and also includes widely applied, generic quality management systems. This information is then used to gauge the comprehensiveness of DWMSs in Canada and highlight potential management gaps and policy recommendations for the development of new, or improving existing, DWMSs.
Adsorption of tetracycline from water using glutaraldehyde-crosslinked electrospun nanofibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Abdolmaleki Aliyeh Yousefi , Zilouei Hamid , Khorasani Saied Nouri , Zargoosh Kiomars 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this work, the preparation and characterization of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked electrospun nanoﬁbers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (GCCPN) as a new adsorbent for tetracycline (TC) is reported. Electrospun nanofibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by employing a 75:25 volumetric ratio of chitosan:PVA, voltage of 30 kV, collection distance of 10 cm, and injection flow rate of 2 mL/h. Then, the nanoﬁbers were crosslinked via applying the glutaraldehyde on them for 3 h at 40 °C. The nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction. Uniform beadless nanoﬁbers with minimum diameters of 3–11 and 6–18 nm were obtained before and after crosslinking, respectively. Then the applicability of the synthesized GCCPN for removal of TC from aqueous solutions was investigated. The response surface method was applied to evaluate the influence of pH (6–12), TC concentration (50–250 mg/L) and the adsorbent dose (0.05–0.25 g in 20 mL solution) on the adsorption characteristics of GCCPN. The maximum adsorption capacity was 102 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was explained most effectively by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption data of TC on the GCCPN surface was explained well by the Langmuir isotherm model.
Apprehended Bias in Australian Administrative Law
Authors: Griffiths John 
Published: January 2018

Although the basic test for apprehended bias is now well-established in Australian law, its application continues to present difficulties. The basic test is whether a fair-minded lay observer with knowledge of the material objective facts might reasonably apprehend that the judicial or administrative decision-maker might not bring an impartial and unprejudiced mind to the resolution of the question at hand. It is equally well-established that, while the same objective test applies to judges as to tribunal members and other public decision-makers, the application and content of that test varies depending on the context, including differences in decision-making roles, functions, powers and processes.The application of the test can be problematic and somewhat unpredictable. For example, despite the unqualified terms of the relevant parts of the High Court’s decision in Ebner, it now appears that, at least in the context of curial decision-making, the Ebner two-step test is not universal in its application.
Re-Thinking the Separation of Powers
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: January 2018

Constitutional theory and doctrine are important to our understanding and experience of government. No description of Australian government is complete without reference to representative democracy, responsible government, separation of powers and the rule of law. Those and other theories also have substantial practical impact. Courts refer to them in developing legal principle and deciding cases. Legislators are reminded of them in framing laws. They structure transactions between the different institutions of government. The community is also influenced by them in evaluating the performance of the institutions of government.The most important doctrine in analysing government legal accountability is the separation of powers. The essence of the doctrine is that parliament makes law, the executive administers it and the judiciary – in the context of adjudicating individual disputes – decides whether the law has been correctly construed and applied. This three-way division of functions avoids the undue concentration of power in any one branch of government, enables each branch to counterbalance the others, and ensures that legal disputes about government power are conclusively resolved by an independent judiciary.
IMPACT OF ZOLEDRONATE BISPHOSPHONATE GEL IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON THE INCREASE OF OSTEOCLAST APOPTOSIS
Authors: Parlina Carolin , Purwaningsih Erni H , Jusuf Ahmad Aulia , Widayati Retno 
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study aimed to show the impact of the ZOL in VCO gel (Ge-ZOL) on the extent of osteoclasts apoptosis.Methods: The study used 27 Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into three groups: Nine rats in the experimental group were given 40 µg of Ge-ZOL, nine rats in the control group were given VCO emulsion gel without ZOL (Ge-), and nine rats in the normal group were not given any treatment. The gel was applied to the buccal mucosa using a cotton bud for 2 min at hour of 0, 4, and 8 on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The rats were sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 5, and then, evaluated by immunohistochemical caspase-3 staining.Result: The number of apoptotic osteoclast cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control and normal groups (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic osteoclast cells in the experimental group on the day 1 was significantly higher than on the days 3 and 5 (p<0.001).Conclusion: The application of Ge-ZOL to the buccal mucosa proven to improve the number of apoptotic osteoclast cells in the experimental group on the day 1, and this number was higher than on the days 3 and 5.
A LOW-DOSE LASER (DIODE LASER) APPLICATION REDUCES POCKET PERIODONTAL DEPTH AND CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LOSS
Authors: Lessang Robert , Soeroso Yuniarti , Juanda Albert , Kuswandani Sandra Olivia 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The initial therapy for chronic periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP), followed by non-surgical and surgical therapy. Recently, low-dose laser therapy was mentioned as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. This study aims to analyze the effect of degranulation using a low-dose laser (diode laser) after SRP for chronic periodontitis treatment with an attachment loss of ≤5 mm compared to SRP alone.Methods: A split-mouth design of in 158 tooth surfaces divided into two groups. The first group was treated with a low-dose laser (diode laser) after SRP, while the second group was treated with SRP only. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were all examined at baseline and 35 days later.Results: The results were statistically significant differences between the two groups were indicated in terms of PPD (p=0.000) and CAL (p=0.040). No significant difference was identified in terms of BOP.Conclusion: The application of a low-dose laser (diode laser) is effective in reducing PPD and CAL as an adjunct therapy in chronic periodontitis treatment.
CORRELATION BETWEEN WONG-BAKER FACES PAIN SCALE AND SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASE LEVEL IN CHILDREN AGED 6–11 YEARS
Authors: Anggraeni Hastin Dian , Suharsini Margaretha , Indiarti Ike Siti , Yumasdhika Faraghea 
Published: January 2018

Objective: Several studies have tried to objectively assess pain measurements. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS) is an instrument that is commonly used to assess pain intensity in children. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the WBFPS and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) level during a tooth extraction procedure with a local anesthetic injection in children aged 6–11 years.Methods: Twenty-five children aged 6–11 years who were to undergo the extraction of a primary tooth at the Dental and Oral Educational Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, were enrolled in this study. From all children, saliva was collected using a disposable saliva strip shortly after local anesthetic injection, and the SAA activity was then determined using a portable Nipro Cocoro Meter device. The WBFPS was measured at the same time. The correlation between the WBFPS and the SAA level was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. The statistically significant level was set at p≤0.05.Results: There was a significant correlation between the WBFPS and SAA level (p=0.002, r=0.581).Conclusion: Our data suggest that the SAA level might be a good index for objective pain intensity assessment.
SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF RESTORATIVE PARTICULATE RESIN COMPOSITE WITH A SHORT FIBER-REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITE SUBSTRUCTURE
Authors: Herda Ellyza , . Nabila , Irawan Bambang 
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study aimed to identify the shear bond strength of two different restorative particulate resin composites with a short fiber-reinforced resin composite (SFRC) substructure.Methods: Two restorative particulate resin composites, G-aenial PosteriorTM (Group A, 10 specimens) and Tetric N-Ceramtm (Group B, 10 specimens), were used as an upper layer of everX posteriorTM, an SFRC. A shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine with a load of 100 kgf and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed statistically using the independent samples t-test.Results: The mean shear bond strength values were found to be18.64±1.5 MPa (Group A) and 22.05±1.8 MPa (Group B). A significant difference in shear bond strength between the two groups was found.Conclusion: The shear bond strength value is higher in the Tetric N-CeramTM restorative particulate resin composite with SFRC as a substructure than the G-aenial PosteriorTM restorative particulate resin composite.
SCREENING AND OPTIMIZATION OF VALACYCLOVIR NIOSOMES BY DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Sp Surya Teja , M. Mothilal , N Damodharan , D Jaison 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to perform a screening, optimization of valacyclovir niosomal formulation to achieve a sustained release of drug using the design of experiments by 32 full factorial design.Methods: Valacyclovir loaded niosomes were prepared using thin film hydration method by varying the ratio of Span 60 and Cholesterol. The prepared niosomes were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, cumulative drug release, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential and surface morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).Results: The valacyclovir was successfully encapsulated and its entrapment efficiency ranged from 36.70 % to 50.62 %. The average vesicle size of the niosomes was found to be 431 to 623 nm. At 8th hour the drug release varied from 77.50% to 96.31 %. The optimized niosomes were multilamellar with a surface charge potential of about-43.2 mV. The studies revealed that the interaction of cholesterol and surfactant had a substantial effect on vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and drug release from the niosomes. The release kinetics of the optimized niosomes followed zero order kinetics with fickian diffusion controlled mechanism. The stability studies were performed for the optimized formulation and found that the formulation is stable at 4°C ± 2°C.Conclusion: Model equations were developed for the responses. No significant difference was observed between the predicted and observed value, showing that the developed model is reliable.