bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AYRTON‐PERRY FORMULATION FOR THE BUCKLING RESISTANCE OF PRISMATIC BEAM‐COLUMNS
Authors: Tankova Trayana , Simões da Silva Luís , Marques Liliana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the authors propose an Ayrton‐Perry type of equation for lateral‐torsional buckling of prismatic beams‐columns subject to axial compression and bending. Firstly, the analytical background of the method is summarized and then two alternative forms for its application are proposed. These two forms are also compared with a previously developed model based on the assumption that the axial force is fixed. The results obtained are in accordance with the analytical method described above and with numerical simulations (GMNIA).
PROBABILISTIC FAILURE ANALYSIS OF HIGH STEEL FRAMES WITH TUNED MASS DAMPER
Authors: Farrokhi Farshid , Rahimi Sepideh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, the probability of failure of steel frames with Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is investigated. A 20‐story steel frame was designed using SAP software and then, it was modelled in OpenSees. The behaviour of the frame towards accelerations in the range of 0.1 to the maximum acceleration of seismic records was investigated in this study. Using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) and extracting seismic fragility curves, it was observed that TMD increased the stability of the structure against the earthquakes by absorbing the input energy to the structure. This significantly reduces the possibility of failure due to small PGAs. For example, for the acceleration scheme equal to 0.35 for Tehran (the capital of Iran), the probability of failure in all stories of the structures equipped with TMD will be insignificant.
Recent developments regarding the next version of Eurocode 3 part 1‐1 on steel structures.
Authors: Snijder H.H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper gives an overview of the work necessary and underway for the next version of part 1‐1‐of Eurocode 3 on steel structures: EN 1993‐1‐1. This work is done by Working Group 1 (WG1) of subcommittee CEN/TC250/SC3 and by Project Team 1 (PT1) responsible for the technical content of the next version of EN 1993‐1‐1. In the past, WG1 collected a longlist of items that may need improvement and recently carried out a systematic review that also yielded topics that need to be considered for the next version of EN 1993‐1‐1. The work of WG1 already resulted in amendments for EN 1993‐1‐1 which were accepted by CEN/TC250/SC3. PT1 is currently implementing these amendments in the next version of EN 1993‐1‐1, that is due in a few years’ time. In this paper, an overview is given of the amendments and of other developments related to EN 1993‐1‐1. The amendments concern among others several strength and stability related design rules. This paper is an extended and updated version of [1].
A General Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of Aza‐Baylis–Hillman Type Products under Bifunctional Catalysis
Authors: Frías María , Carrasco Ana Cristina , Fraile Alberto , Alemán José 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of José Alemán at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. The image depicts a crane as the bifunctional catalyst, as it is able to selectively pick up the right container instead of the left one. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201705218.
A new non‐isolated free ripple input current bidirectional DC‐DC converter with capability of zero voltage switching
Authors: Saadatizadeh Zahra , Chavoshipour Heris Pedram , Sabahi Mehran , Tarafdar Hagh Mehrdad , Maalandish Mohammad 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a new nonisolated free ripple input current bidirectional dc‐dc converter with capability of zero voltage switching (ZVS) is proposed. The free ripple input current condition at low voltage side is achieved by using third winding of a coupled inductor and a capacitor for the whole range of duty cycles. In the proposed structure, the voltage conversion ratio can be more increased by adding the turn ratio of the second winding of the coupled inductor for the whole range of duty cycles. By adjusting the value of an auxiliary inductor in the topology of the converter, according to the power, the ZVS operation of the implemented 2 switches can be achieved throughout the whole power range. The mentioned features of proposed converter are validated theoretically for both boost and buck operations. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed for all operating modes. Moreover, all equations of the voltages and currents of all components, voltage conversion ratio, the required conditions for ZVS operation of switches, and also required conditions for canceling input current ripple at low voltage side are obtained. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is reconfirmed through experimental and EMTDC/PSCAD simulation results.
Frugal incentive mechanism in periodic mobile crowdsensing
Authors: Sun Jiajun , Liu Ningzhong 
Published: December 2017

SummaryNowadays, numerous incentive mechanisms of mobile crowdsensing have been designed to attract extensive user participation, but most of these mechanisms focus only on independent task scenarios, where the sensing tasks are independent of each other. On the contrary, we focus on a periodical task scenario, where each user participates in the same type of sensing tasks periodically. In this paper, we consider the long‐term user participation incentive in a general periodical mobile crowdsensing system from a frugality payment perspective. We explore the issue under both semi‐online (the intraperiod interactive process is synchronous while the interperiod interactive process is sequential and asynchronous during each period) and online user arrival models (the previous 2 interactive processes are sequential and asynchronous). In particular, we first propose a semi‐online frugal incentive mechanism by introducing a Lyapunov method. Moreover, we also extend it to an online frugal incentive mechanism, which satisfies the long‐term participation constraint and approximate optimality. Finally, extensive simulations show that our mechanisms satisfy the above theoretical properties.
Body mass index and mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Akirov Amit , Shochat Tzipora , Masri‐Iraqi Hiba , Dicker Dror , Diker‐Cohen Talia , Shimon Ilan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the association between body mass index (BMI), length of stay (LOS), and mortality in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsHistorical prospectively collected data of adult patients hospitalized between 2011 and 2013. Body mass index was calculated according to measurement or self‐report on admission and classified as follows: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5‐24.9), overweight (25‐29.9), obese (30‐34.9), and severely obese (≥35). The main outcomes were LOS, in‐hospital, and end‐of‐follow‐up mortality.ResultsCohort included 24 233 patients (53% male; mean age ± SD, 65 ± 18), including 7397 patients with DM (31%). Among patients with normal BMI, LOS was shorter compared with underweight patients, but it was longer compared with overweight and obese patients. Following multivariate adjustment, this difference remained significant only for patients with DM. There was a significant interaction between DM status and BMI group, in the models for in‐hospital and end‐of‐follow‐up mortality. Compared with normal BMI, in‐hospital mortality risk was increased by 80% and 100% for the underweight with and without DM, respectively. For patients with and without DM, in‐hospital mortality risk was 30% to 40% lower among overweight and obese patients, and there was no difference between severely obese and normal weight patients. At the end‐of‐follow‐up, mortality risk was 1.6‐fold and 1.7‐fold higher among underweight patients with and without DM, respectively. For overweight, obese, and severely obese patients, mortality risk was decreased by 30% to 40% in those with DM and by 20% to 30% in those without DM.ConclusionsIn hospitalized patients with and without DM, there was an inverse association between BMI and mortality.
Cell ingression: Relevance to limb development and for adaptive evolution
Authors: Pasiliao Clarissa C. , Hopyan Sevan 
Published: December 2017

SummaryCell ingression is an out‐of‐plane type of cell intercalation that is essential for the formation of multiple embryonic structures including the limbs. In particular, cell ingression underlies epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of lateral plate cells to initiate limb bud growth, delamination of neural crest cells to generate peripheral nerve sheaths, and emigration of myoblasts from somites to assemble muscles. Individual cells that ingress undergo apical constriction to generate bottle shaped cells, diminish adhesion to their epithelial cell neighbors, and generate protrusive blebs that likely facilitate their ingression into a subepithelial tissue layer. How signaling pathways regulate the progression of delamination is important for understanding numerous developmental events. In this review, we focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive cell ingression and draw comparisons between different morphogenetic contexts in various model organisms. We speculate that cell behaviors that facilitated tissue invagination among diploblasts subsequently drove individual cell ingression and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Future insights that link signalling pathways to biophysical mechanisms will likely advance our comprehension of this phenomenon.
Fine‐scale spatial climate variation and drought mediate the likelihood of reburning
Authors: Parks Sean A. , Parisien Marc‐André , Miller Carol , Holsinger Lisa M. , Baggett Larry Scott 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn many forested ecosystems, it is increasingly recognized that the probability of burning is substantially reduced within the footprint of previously burned areas. This self‐limiting effect of wildland fire is considered a fundamental emergent property of ecosystems and is partly responsible for structuring landscape heterogeneity (i.e., mosaics of different age classes), thereby reducing the likelihood of uncharacteristically large fires in regions with active fire regimes. However, the strength and longevity of this self‐limiting phenomenon is not well understood in most fire‐prone ecosystems. In this study, we quantify the self‐limiting effect in terms of its strength and longevity for five fire‐prone study areas in western North America and investigate how each measure varies along a spatial climatic gradient and according to temporal (i.e., annual) climatic variation. Results indicate that the longevity (i.e., number of years) of the self‐limiting effect ranges between 15 yr in the warm and dry study area in the southwesternUnited Statesto 33 yr in the cold, northern study areas in located in northwestern Montana and the boreal forest of Canada. We also found that spatial climatic variation has a strong influence on wildland fire's self‐limiting capacity. Specifically, the self‐limiting effect within each study area was stronger and lasted longer in areas with low mean moisture deficit (i.e., wetter and cooler settings) compared to areas with high mean moisture deficit (warmer and drier settings). Last, our findings show that annual climatic variation influences wildland fire's self‐limiting effect: drought conditions weakened the strength and longevity of the self‐limiting effect in all study areas, albeit at varying magnitudes. Overall, our study provides support for the idea that wildland fire contributes to spatial heterogeneity in fuel ages that subsequently mediate future fire sizes and effects. However, our findings show that the strength and longevity of the self‐limiting effect varies considerably according to spatial and temporal climatic variation, providing land and fire managers relevant information for effective planning and management of fire and highlighting that fire itself is an important factor contributing to fire‐free intervals.
Can overcompensation increase crop production?
Authors: Poveda Katja , Díaz María F. , Ramirez Augusto 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe two most pressing challenges to agriculture worldwide are feeding a rapidly growing human population and developing more sustainable agricultural practices that do not threaten human and ecosystem health. We address these challenges through research in plant‐herbivore interactions, specifically overcompensatory responses in potato to herbivore damage. While herbivory is usually detrimental to most crops, some potato cultivars can overcompensate and increase crop productivity up to two‐fold in response to herbivore damage. However, biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence compensatory responses. Here we tested if compensatory plant responses to herbivory increase productivity of potatoes under field conditions along gradients of altitude and landscape simplification in 15 different farms. Our results suggest that compensatory plant responses could double the mean productivity of a potato farm in relation to the productivity of undamaged plants. The compensatory response is best predicted by pest pressure on a farm with potato plants having the maximum productivity when 10% of the tubers are damaged and decreasing in productivity as pest pressure increases. To a lesser extent an interaction between altitude and landscape simplification did affect the compensatory response, suggesting that abiotic factors play an important role in compensation. Our results suggest that overcompensation‐based management practices could be used to maximize yields on working potato farms. Further research is required to determine action thresholds (i.e. the damage levels at which pest control needs to be enacted to maximize yields and minimize insecticide use) to develop more sustainable ways of increasing yields in the future.
Twenty‐four‐hour growth hormone profiling in the assessment of acromegaly
Authors: D'Arcy Robert , Courtney C. Hamish , Graham Una , Hunter Steven , McCance David R. , Mullan Karen 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectives and backgroundRecent guidelines recommend insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1), random growth hormone (GH) and nadirGHon an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for assessment of acromegaly. At this Regional Centre, the 24‐hourGHprofile has also been used.Design, patients and measurementsWe evaluated 57GHprofiles from 34 patients from 2008 to 2012. Samples were drawn every 2 hour and matched with 0800GH, nadirGHafterOGTTandIGF‐1.ResultsCorrelations between the mean 13‐point profiles and mean 5‐point profile,OGTTnadir and 0800GHwere as follows:r = .99, .99 and .90, respectively (P < .01 for all). The correlation between the mean 13‐point profiles andIGF‐1 wasr = .32P = .02.Of 5 patients with very high 0800GHpreoperatively (≥20 μg/L), mean 13‐pointGHreduced by 88%‐99% postoperatively.IGF‐1 did not normalize in these patients, and all required extra treatment. Preoperatively, all patients had concordant 0800GHandIGF‐1. Postoperatively, 6 patients had 0800GH<1 μg/L and highIGF‐1; only 2 of these had a 13‐point mean >1 μg/L, but 5 required further treatment.ConclusionsGrowth hormone profiling is not necessary for assessing the majority of patients with acromegaly if there is confidence in the localIGF‐1 assay. When undertaken, a 5‐point profile is adequate. In patients with very high 0800GH, 24‐hour profiling was useful in demonstrating partial therapeutic success but did not alter management. Further work is needed to explore the possible role ofGHprofiling in stratifying patients with discordantIGF‐1 andGHresults.
Butylacrylate‐nucleobase Conjugates as Targets for Two‐step Redox Labeling of DNA with an Osmium Tetroxide Complex
Authors: Havranová‐Vidláková Pavlína , Špaček Jan , Vítová Lada , Hermanová Monika , Dadová Jitka , Raindlová Veronika , Hocek Michal , Fojta Miroslav , Havran Luděk 
Published: December 2017

AbstractModification of nucleic acids with osmium tetroxide reagents (Os,L, such as OsO4,2,2′‐bipyridine, Os,bpy) has been applied in redox DNA labeling, in probing DNA structure as well as in studies of DNA interactions with other molecules. In natural DNA, primarily thymine residues form adducts with the Os,bpy in a structure selective manner. In this paper we introduce a new two‐step technique of DNA modification with the electroactive Os,bpy, consisting in enzymatic construction of DNA bearing butyl acrylate (BA) moieties attached to uracil at C5 or to 7‐deaza adenine at C7, followed by chemical modification of a reactive C=C double bond in the acrylate residue. We demonstrate a facile modification of the BA conjugates in both single‐ and double‐stranded (ds) DNA under conditions when modification within the nucleobase rings in ds DNA is hindered. Various DNA−Os,bpy adducts can easily be analyzed electrochemically and distinguished by different redox potentials. The two‐step procedure appears to be applicable in osmium redox labelling of ds DNA.
Gully morphological characteristics in the loess hilly‐gully region based on 3D laser scanning technique
Authors: Wu Hongyan , Xu Ximeng , Zheng Fenli , Qin Chao , He Xu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGully morphology characteristics can be used effectively to describe the status of gully development. The Chabagou watershed, located in the hilly‐gully region of the Loess Plateau in China, was selected to investigate gully morphological characteristics using a 3D laser scanning technique (LIDAR). Thirty‐one representative gullies located at different watershed locations and gully orders were chosen to quantitatively describe gully morphology and establish empirical equations for estimating gully volume based on gully length and gully surface area. Images and point cloud data for the 31 gullies were collected, and digital elevation models (DEMs) with 10‐cm resolution were generated. ArcGIS 10.1 was then used to extract fundamental gully morphological parameters covering gully length (L), gully width (WT) and gully depth (D), and some derivative morphological parameters, including gully head curvature (C), gully width–depth ratio (w/d), gully bottom‐to‐top width ratio (WB/WT), gully surface area (Ag) and gully volume (Vg). The results indicated that gullies in the upper watershed and the second order were more developed based on their high values of gully head curvature. The potential for gully development increased from the second order to the fourth order. Within the same gully orders, gullies in the lower watershed were more active with more development potential. A method for differentiating between gully head and gully sidewalls based on the gully head curvature value was proposed with a mean relative error of 8.77%. U‐shaped cross‐sections were widely distributed in the upper watershed and upper positions of a gully, while V‐shaped cross‐sections were widely distributed in the lower watershed and lower positions of a gully. V–L and V–Ag empirical equations with acceptable accuracy were established and can be used to estimate gully erosion in the Loess hilly‐gully region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the pH–ammonia toxicity relationship for Hydra viridissima in soft waters with low ionic concentrations
Authors: Mooney Thomas J. , Pease Ceiwen , Trenfield Melanie , van Dam Rick , Harford Andrew J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

There are limited data concerning the toxicity of ammonia in fresh soft waters. Ammonia toxicity is largely dependent on pH and temperature. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has derived equations to adjust species toxicity estimates based on changes in pH and temperature. It has been reported that the pH–ammonia toxicity relationship, derived by the USEPA, may differ in waters with low ionic concentrations because of the absence of potentially ameliorative ionic constituents. The present study aimed to assess the pH–ammonia toxicity relationship for the tropical green hydra, Hydra viridissima, across a range of pH values in a natural water with low ionic content. Ammonia toxicity to H. viridissima was assessed at a pH range between 6.0 and 8.5 and temperature 27.5 ± 1 °C. Test solution pH was maintained using a pH buffer. The resulting median effect concentrations ranged from 9.62 (7.95–11.65) mg L−1 total ammonia nitrogen at pH 6.0 to 0.64 (0.50–0.81) mg L−1 total ammonia nitrogen at pH 7.9. The results indicated that increasing pH increased the sensitivity of H. viridissima to ammonia. The pH dependence equation derived by the USEPA accurately described the relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity for H. viridissima. However, when the model parameters for the generic pooled relationship were used, the fit was less accurate (r2 = 0.66), indicating that the generic pooled pH-dependence equations may not be appropriate for use with this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1189–1196. © 2017 SETAC
An investigation of the fire behavior of ETICS facades with polystyrene under fire loads of different size and location
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Northe Christian , Riese Olaf 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn the context of recent fire damages to façades, and the related discussion about the safety of façade systems in the case of fire, there is a need to discuss the boundary conditions and the phenomena of façade fires based on fundamental investigation. This paper shows the experimental setup, procedure, and results of 5 large‐scale fire tests. The tests were carried out on a flat façade with external thermal insulation composite systems based on polystyrene concerning fire loads at the ground in front of the façade. The tests were scientifically monitored by the Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety. The tests differ to the fire tests of the German building ministers in the case of different fire loads and the corner‐situation of the investigated façade. The 5 fire tests are the base for systematic investigations to study the examination criteria of the fire phenomena at the façades. Further experimental and numerical investigations will follow.
Molecular organic indicators for human activities in the Roman harbor of Ephesus, Turkey
Authors: Schwarzbauer Jan , Stock Friederike , Brückner Helmut , Dsikowitzky Larissa , Krichel Marc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntensive organic‐geochemical analyses were applied to sediment core samples from the Roman harbor of Ephesus that date to the open, protected, and post‐harbor time periods. Screening analyses revealed a substance spectrum comprising n‐alkanes, fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and selected terpenoids. All these substance groups have been quantified and show a significant increase of concentration in the samples affected by the intensive use of Ephesus’ Roman harbor. However, a unique indicator substance or a single anthropogenic marker compound directly reflecting ancient harbor activities has not been identified. Nonetheless, systematic changes in the patterns of some major organic substance groups (PAHs, fatty acids, and n‐alkanes) point to a significant change in the composition of organic matter (OM), which might reflect increased anthropogenic impacts during Ephesus’ flourishing period. These observations are likely related to enhanced anthropogenic use of natural products, such as waxes, and subsequent discharge by municipal sewage or the direct use and emission of such products in the harbor area. This study clearly demonstrates the usefulness of indicative organic compounds and changes in their patterns through time to detect the activities of ancient civilizations. This approach can be transferred to other sedimentary geoarchives associated with former settlement activities.