bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal iron intake during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a cross-sectional study in Northwest China
Authors: Yang Jiaomei , Cheng Yue , Pei Leilei , Jiang Yufen , Lei Fangliang , Zeng Lingxia , Wang Quanli , Li Qiang , Kang Yijun , Shen Yuan , Dang Shaonong , Yan Hong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have yielded conflicting results on the associations of maternal Fe intake with birth outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal Fe intake (total Fe from diet and supplements, dietary total Fe, haeme Fe, non-haeme Fe and Fe supplements use) and adverse birth outcomes in Shaanxi Province of Northwest China. In all, 7375 women were recruited using a stratified multistage random sampling method at 0–12 months (median 3; 10th–90th percentile 0–7) after delivery. Diets were collected by a validated FFQ and maternal characteristics were obtained via a standard questionnaire. The highest tertile of haeme Fe intake compared with the lowest tertile was negatively associated with low birth weight (LBW) (OR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·94), small for gestational age (SGA) (OR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·62, 0·94) and birth defects (OR 0·55; 95 % CI 0·32, 0·89). Maternal haeme Fe intake was associated with a lower risk of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) (medium tertilev. lowest tertile: OR 0·78; 95 % CI 0·61, 0·95; highest tertilev. lowest tertile: OR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·93;Ptrend=0·045). The OR of LBW associated with Fe supplements use were as follows: during pregnancy: 0·72 (95 % CI 0·50, 0·95); in the second trimester: 0·67 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·98); in the third trimester: 0·47 (95 % CI 0·24, 0·93). We observed no associations of total Fe, dietary total Fe or non-haeme Fe intake with birth outcomes. The results suggest that maternal haeme Fe intake is associated with a reduced risk of LBW, SGA, IUGR and birth defects, and Fe supplements use during pregnancy reduces LBW risk.
Prenatal exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and risk of fractures in late childhood: period and cohort results from 222 000 subjects in the D-tect observational study
Authors: Händel Mina Nicole , Frederiksen Peder , Osmond Clive , Cooper Cyrus , Abrahamsen Bo , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrenatal low vitamin D may have consequences for bone health. By means of a nationwide mandatory vitamin D fortification programme, we examined the risk of fractures among 10–18-year-old children from proximate birth cohorts born around the date of the termination of the programme. For all subjects born in Denmark during 1983–1988, civil registration numbers were linked to the Danish National Patient Registry for incident and recurrent fractures occurring at ages 10–18 years. Multiplicative Poisson models were used to examine the association between birth cohort and fracture rates. The variation in fracture rates across birth cohorts was analysed by fitting an age-cohort model to the data. We addressed the potential modification of the effect of vitamin D availability by season of birth. The risk of fractures was increased among both girls and boys who were born before the vitamin D fortification terminated in 1985 (rate ratio (RR) exposed v. non-exposed girls: 1·15 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·20); RR exposed v. non-exposed boys: 1·11 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·14). However, these associations no longer persisted after including the period effects. There was no interaction between season of birth and vitamin D availability in relation to fracture risk. The study did not provide evidence that prenatal exposure to extra vitamin D from a mandatory fortification programme of 1·25 µg vitamin D/100 g margarine was sufficient to influence the risk of fractures in late childhood, regardless of season of birth. Replication studies are needed.
Bushmeat consumption in the West African Sahel of Burkina Faso, and the decline of some consumed species
Authors: Hema Emmanuel M. , Ouattara Valy , Parfait Gnoumou , Di Vittorio Massimiliano , Sirima Djidama , Dendi Daniele , Guenda Wendengoudi , Petrozzi Fabio , Luiselli Luca 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo explore the patterns of bushmeat trade in the Sahel we carried out a multidisciplinary study, focusing on Burkina Faso. We conducted baseline interview surveys to examine the variation in people's perceptions of bushmeat in relation to their place of residence (urban vs rural), sex and age. We also analysed the long-term (1985–2010) population dynamics of two ungulate species, the oribiOurebia ourebiand the common duikerSylvicapra grimmia, known to be among the main targets of the bushmeat trade locally. For the antelopes we chose as our study area a protected area (Nazinga Game Ranch) where poaching activities occur and are likely to represent a threat to the local wildlife. The results of the interviews underlined significant differences in bushmeat consumption between rural and urban areas. In particular, the probability of finding people who did not consume bushmeat increased in the urban area, where bushmeat is less available than in the rural areas. Sex and age did not have any effect on people's perceptions of bushmeat. In Burkina Faso bushmeat is still widely consumed, and this could be because the bushmeat trade is poorly controlled, with a lack of enforcement of the legislation. Long-term field surveys revealed that the oribi and the common duiker have declined significantly in Nazinga Game Ranch, suggesting that the bushmeat trade in Burkina Faso may have negative consequences in terms of the conservation outlook for these species.
A transdiagnostic study of education, employment, and training outcomes in young people with mental illness
Authors: Lee R. S. C. , Hermens D. F. , Scott J. , O'Dea B. , Glozier N. , Scott E. M. , Hickie I. B. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundOptimizing functional recovery in young individuals with severe mental illness constitutes a major healthcare priority. The current study sought to quantify the cognitive and clinical factors underpinning academic and vocational engagement in a transdiagnostic and prospective youth mental health cohort. The primary outcome measure was ‘not in education, employment or training’ (‘NEET’) status.MethodA clinical sample of psychiatric out-patients aged 15–25 years (n = 163) was assessed at two time points, on average, 24 months apart. Functional status, and clinical and neuropsychological data were collected. Bayesian structural equation modelling was used to confirm the factor structure of predictors and cross-lagged effects at follow-up.ResultsIndividually, NEET status, cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms at baseline were predictive of NEET status at follow-up (p < 0.05). Baseline cognitive functioning was the only predictor of follow-up NEET status in the multivariate Bayesian model, while controlling for baseline NEET status. For every 1 s.d. deficit in cognition, the probability of being disengaged at follow-up increased by 40% (95% credible interval 19–58%). Baseline NEET status predicted poorer negative symptoms at follow-up (β = 0.24, 95% credible interval 0.04–0.43).ConclusionsDisengagement with education, employment or training (i.e. being NEET) was reported in about one in four members of this cohort. The initial level of cognitive functioning was the strongest determinant of future NEET status, whereas being academically or vocationally engaged had an impact on future negative symptomatology. If replicated, these findings support the need to develop early interventions that target cognitive phenotypes transdiagnostically.
Dissecting the nature of subtle phenotypic variation in wing colour elements of Müllerian co-mimics
Authors: Cardoso Márcio Zikán , Lima Luciana Lopes Ferreira de 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:Polymorphism is common in nature, but few Heliconius species are polymorphic for wing colour patterns. Eastern Brazil H. erato phyllis populations are polymorphic for hindwing elements (red raylets) and studies suggest that trait distribution varies seasonally. We carried a 3-y sampling to evaluate the hypothesis that season, wing length and pollen foraging were associated with morph diversity. Individual phenotypes were scored with regards to number of red elements in the dry and in the wet seasons. Co-mimic H. melpomene nanna was also analysed. We scored 432 H. erato and 513 H. melpomene. Our results confirm polymorphism in H. erato, with individuals showing from one to eight elements, with a mode between five and six. We found that H. melpomene is polymorphic for red dots, varying from two to five (mode = 2). Red basal dots were mostly invariant in H. erato. Even though we found a seasonal change in pollen loads, we found no association between individual phenotypes and season, pollen load scores, or wing length. We reject the hypothesis of ecological correlates of morph frequency, and suggest that trait colour variation in the two species is linked to and constrained by effects on mate recognition.
Genetic diversity, population structure and association analysis in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm using SSR markers
Authors: Geethanjali S. , Anitha Rukmani J. , Rajakumar D. , Kadirvel P. , Viswanathan P.L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA world-wide coconut germplasm collection (79 genotypes) was analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure based on 48 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. The genotypes displayed moderately high amount of genetic diversity, which was strongly structured according to geographical origins. Number of SSR alleles ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 4.1 per locus. Gene diversity (expected heterozygosity) estimates ranged from 0.162 to 0.811 with a mean of 0.573. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.149 to 0.785 with an average of 0.522. Hierarchical clustering analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters with two sub-groups in each, which corresponded with the geographic origins. The first cluster comprised of ‘Tall’ genotypes originated from Indo-Atlantic and South Asia regions. The second cluster comprised mostly of ‘Dwarf’ genotypes and some Tall genotypes which originated from Indo-Pacific and South-East Asia regions. Model-based clustering by STRUCTURE analysis also supported the presence of clear genetic structuring in the collection with two major populations (K = 2) and four sub-populations (K = 4). The proportion of SSR locus-pairs in linkage disequilibrium was low (2.4%). Association analysis in a subset of 44 genotypes detected a single SSR locus, CnCir73 (chromosome 1) putatively associated with fruit yield component traits, which corresponded with a previously mapped quantitative trait locus in coconut.
Psychometric Analyses of New Measures of False-Self	Defense
Authors: Eichengreen Adva , Hoofien Dan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The concept of the false-self defense has been widely used in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic literature, both in understanding processes of childhood development and in outlining personality defense mechanisms. This study presents a translation of this theoretical and clinical concept into empirical economical self-report scales assessing Self-Relatedness (16 items) and Environment-Directedness (14 items). The scales’ content judgment and psychometric analyses were carried out in three successive studies based on separate samples ( N = 226, 208, 176). The scales demonstrate good to excellent internal reliability and are normally distributed in a sample of university students. Results of Study 2 support the scales’ convergent, discriminant, and criterion construct validity. Study 3, comparing deaf and hard-of-hearing (d/hoh) students with controls, provides a partial support for the scales’ criterion group validity. The findings demonstrate the scales’ potential contribution to psychodynamically oriented research, as well as to research enriched by critical sociocultural perspectives.
Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Cao Duanfang , Zhang Yanfang , Ma Jun , Qi Jianxun , Wang Qihui , Lu Guangwen , Wu Ying , Yan Jinghua , Shi Yi , Zhang Xinzheng , Gao George F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe envelope spike (S) proteins of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV determine the virus host tropism and entry into host cells, and constitute a promising target for the development of prophylactics and therapeutics. Here, we present high-resolution structures of the trimeric MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV S proteins in its pre-fusion conformation by single particle cryo-electron microscopy. The overall structures resemble that from other coronaviruses including HKU1, MHV and NL63 reported recently, with the exception of the receptor binding domain (RBD). We captured two states of the RBD with receptor binding region either buried (lying state) or exposed (standing state), demonstrating an inherently flexible RBD readily recognized by the receptor. Further sequence conservation analysis of six human-infecting coronaviruses revealed that the fusion peptide, HR1 region and the central helix are potential targets for eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Interleukin-18 mediates cardiac dysfunction induced by western diet independent of obesity and hyperglycemia in the mouse
Authors: Carbone S , Lee P J H , Mauro A G , Mezzaroma E , Buzzetti R , Van Tassell B , Abbate A , Toldo S 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObesity and diabetes are independent risk factors for heart failure and are associated with the consumption of diet rich in saturated fat and sugar, Western diet (WD), known to induce cardiac dysfunction in the mouse through incompletely characterized inflammatory mechanisms. We hypothesized that the detrimental cardiac effects of WD are mediated by interleukin-18 (IL-18), pro-inflammatory cytokine linked to cardiac dysfunction. C57BL/6J wild-type male mice and IL-18 knockout male mice were fed high-saturated fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks. We measured food intake, body weight and fasting glycemia. We assessed left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. In wild-type mice, WD induced a significant increase in isovolumetric relaxation time, myocardial performance index and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, reflecting an impairment in diastolic function, paired with a mild reduction in LV ejection fraction. IL-18 KO mice had higher food intake and greater increase in body weight without significant differences in hyperglycemia. Despite displaying greater obesity, IL-18 knockout mice fed with WD for 8 weeks had preserved cardiac diastolic function and higher left ventricular ejection fraction. IL-18 mediates diet-induced cardiac dysfunction, independent of food intake and obesity, thus highlighting a disconnect between the metabolic and cardiac effects of IL-18.
Differential sympathetic outflow to adipose depots is required for visceral fat loss in response to calorie restriction
Authors: Sipe L M , Yang C , Ephrem J , Garren E , Hirsh J , Deppmann C D 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates energy homeostasis in part by governing fatty acid liberation from adipose tissue. We first examined whether SNS activity toward discrete adipose depots changes in response to a weight loss diet in mice. We found that SNS activity toward each adipose depot is unique in timing, pattern of activation, and habituation with the most dramatic contrast between visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots. Sympathetic drive toward visceral epididymal adipose is more than doubled early in weight loss and then suppressed later in the diet when weight loss plateaued. Coincident with the decline in SNS activity toward visceral adipose is an increase in activity toward subcutaneous depots indicating a switch in lipolytic sources. In response to calorie restriction, SNS activity toward retroperitoneal and brown adipose depots is unaffected. Finally, pharmacological blockage of sympathetic activity on adipose tissue using the β3-adrenergic receptor antagonist, SR59230a, suppressed loss of visceral adipose mass in response to diet. These findings indicate that SNS activity toward discrete adipose depots is dynamic and potentially hierarchical. This pattern of sympathetic activation is required for energy liberation and loss of adipose tissue in response to calorie-restricted diet.
Surface-dependent scenarios for dissolution-driven motion of growing droplets
Authors: Curiotto Stefano , Leroy Frédéric , Cheynis Fabien , Müller Pierre 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNano-droplets on a foreign substrate have received increasing attention because of their technological possible applications, for instance to catalyse the growth of nanowires. In some cases the droplets can move as a result of a reaction with the substrate. In this work we show that the substrate orientation, the surface morphology and the shape of the pits etched in the substrate by the droplets affect the droplet motion, so that a single mechanism (droplet-induced substrate dissolution) may lead to several unexpected droplet dynamics. The experiments are carried out by low energy electron microscopy on Au-Si and Au-Ge, which are model systems for studying liquid droplet alloys. Studying in-situ the behaviour of Au droplets on various Si and Ge surfaces, we describe a subtle interplay between the substrate orientation, the surface defects, and the droplet motion. Our observations allow a deep understanding of the interfacial mechanisms at the origin of the alloy formation and the associated droplet motion. These mechanisms are based on events of substrate dissolution/recrystallization. The outcomes of this work highlight the importance of the etching anisotropy on the droplet-substrate behaviours, and are essential in the perspective of positioning liquid alloy droplets used for instance as nanowire catalysts.
Interactive Outlining of Pancreatic Cancer Liver Metastases in Ultrasound Images
Authors: Egger Jan , Schmalstieg Dieter , Chen Xiaojun , Zoller Wolfram G. , Hann Alexander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUltrasound (US) is the most commonly used liver imaging modality worldwide. Due to its low cost, it is increasingly used in the follow-up of cancer patients with metastases localized in the liver. In this contribution, we present the results of an interactive segmentation approach for liver metastases in US acquisitions. A (semi-) automatic segmentation is still very challenging because of the low image quality and the low contrast between the metastasis and the surrounding liver tissue. Thus, the state of the art in clinical practice is still manual measurement and outlining of the metastases in the US images. We tackle the problem by providing an interactive segmentation approach providing real-time feedback of the segmentation results. The approach has been evaluated with typical US acquisitions from the clinical routine, and the datasets consisted of pancreatic cancer metastases. Even for difficult cases, satisfying segmentations results could be achieved because of the interactive real-time behavior of the approach. In total, 40 clinical images have been evaluated with our method by comparing the results against manual ground truth segmentations. This evaluation yielded to an average Dice Score of 85% and an average Hausdorff Distance of 13 pixels.
Hairy/enhancer of Split Homologue-1 Suppresses Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-induced Angiogenesis via Downregulation of Osteopontin Expression
Authors: Yao Xing-Xing , Lu Jing-Bo , Ye Zhi-Dong , Zheng Lei , Wang Qian , Lin Zhi-Qi , Liu Hao , Wan Heng , Fu Fang-Yong , Huang Xian-Ying , Xiu Jian-Chen , Liu Zheng-Jun , Hu Yan-Wei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAngiogenesis plays a critical role in the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques; however, the orchestration of angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque formation remains unclear. The results of microarray analysis, real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses showed that Hairy/enhancer of split homologue-1 (Hes-1) expression was significantly decreased, while that of osteopontin (OPN) was increased, in atherosclerotic plaques. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence results demonstrated that both Hes-1 and OPN were expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) of neovessels in atherosclerotic plaques. The results of an in vitro study showed that Hes-1 was downregulated, while OPN was upregulated, in a time- and dose-dependent manner in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by VEGF treatment. In addition, Hes-1 knockdown was found to have transcriptional promotion effect on OPN expression in HUVECs and enhance OPN-induced angiogenesis in response to VEGF. On the contrary, Hes-1 overexpression inhibited OPN expression in HUVECs and reduced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study suggest that decreased Hes-1 expression in atherosclerotic plaques exaggerate VEGF-induced angiogenesis by upregulating OPN. Therefore, restoring Hes-1 expression and inhibiting OPN expression may be a promising strategy to prevent vulnerable plaque formation in patients with atherosclerosis.
A self-powered high-performance graphene/silicon ultraviolet photodetector with ultra-shallow junction: breaking the limit of silicon?
Authors: Wan Xia , Xu Yang , Guo Hongwei , Shehzad Khurram , Ali Ayaz , Liu Yuan , Yang Jianyi , Dai Daoxin , Lin Cheng-Te , Liu Liwei , Cheng Hung-Chieh , Wang Fengqiu , Wang Xiaomu , Lu Hai , Hu Weida , Pi Xiaodong , Dan Yaping , Luo Jikui , Hasan Tawfique , Duan Xiangfeng , Li Xinming , Xu Jianbin , Yang Deren , Ren Tianling , Yu Bin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present a self-powered, high-performance graphene-enhanced ultraviolet silicon Schottky photodetector. Different from traditional transparent electrodes, such as indium tin oxides or ultra-thin metals, the unique ultraviolet absorption property of graphene leads to long carrier life time of hot electrons that can contribute to the photocurrent or potential carrier-multiplication. Our proposed structure boosts the internal quantum efficiency over 100%, approaching the upper-limit of silicon-based ultraviolet photodetector. In the near-ultraviolet and mid-ultraviolet spectral region, the proposed ultraviolet photodetector exhibits high performance at zero-biasing (self-powered) mode, including high photo-responsivity (0.2 A W−1), fast time response (5 ns), high specific detectivity (1.6 × 1013 Jones), and internal quantum efficiency greater than 100%. Further, the photo-responsivity is larger than 0.14 A W−1 in wavelength range from 200 to 400 nm, comparable to that of state-of-the-art Si, GaN, SiC Schottky photodetectors. The photodetectors exhibit stable operations in the ambient condition even 2 years after fabrication, showing great potential in practical applications, such as wearable devices, communication, and “dissipation-less” remote sensor networks.