bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History Matching of Stimulated Reservoir Volume of Shale-Gas Reservoirs Using an Iterative Ensemble Smoother
Authors: Chang Haibin , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Economic production from shale-gas reservoirs typically relies on the drilling of horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing in multiple stages. In addition to the creation of hydraulic fractures, hydraulic-fracturing treatment can also reopen existing natural fractures, which can create a complex-fracture network. The area that is covered by the fracture network is usually termed the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), and the spatial extent and properties of the SRV are crucial for shale-gas-production behavior. In this work, we propose a method for history matching of the SRV of shale-gas reservoirs using production data. For each hydraulic-fracturing stage, the fracture network is parameterized with one major fracture of the hydraulic fractures and the SRV that represents minor hydraulic fractures and reopened natural fractures. The major fracture is modeled explicitly, whereas the SRV is modeled by the dual-permeability/dual-porosity (DP/DP) model. Moreover, the spatial extent of the SRV is parameterized by the level-set-function values on a predefined representing-node system. After parameterization, an iterative ensemble smoother is used to perform history matching. Both single-stage-fracturing cases and multistage-fracturing cases are set up to test the performance of the proposed method. Numerical results demonstrate that by use of the proposed method, the SRV can be well-recognized by assimilating production data.
Estimating Soil Hydraulic Parameters by Inverse Modeling with PEST
Authors: Li N. , Sun Y. , Wan L. , Ren L. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Coupling SWAP with PEST, soil moisture and ET are included in inverse modeling of soil water flow.
Multi‐objective optimization could improve model predictions and reduce parameter uncertainty.
Observation errors and frequency and spatial arrangement impact predictions and uncertainty.
The accurate estimation of soil hydraulic properties is an important part of the application of hydrological models for quantifying water transport in the vadose zone. Various inverse models have been developed to solve hydraulic properties optimization problems, and the accuracy of the results obtained by different algorithms is still debated because of the inherent ill‐posedness of such problems. In this study, we coupled an agrohydrological Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model with an independent parameter estimation program (PEST) to calibrate the soil hydraulic parameters and investigate the uncertainty in the parameter estimations. The objectives of this study were to assess to what extent the SWAP model can be calibrated from a single observation (only soil moisture, θ) and further to investigate whether involving additional evapotranspiration fluxes including actual evapotranspiration (ETa), actual evaporation (Ea), or actual transpiration (Ta) can lead to an improvement in model predictions and a reduction in parameter uncertainty. Extensive synthetic experiments were conducted to achieve the objectives. Both double (winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]–summer maize [Zea mays L.]) and single (only winter wheat or only summer maize) cropping systems were considered in the multi‐objective optimizations. The results indicate that although the addition of evapotranspiration fluxes does not necessarily improve the accuracy of the soil moisture prediction, it can reduce the parameter uncertainty for both single‐ and double‐cropping systems. Moreover, the parameter estimation of the topsoil layer could greatly benefit from the addition of Ea, whereas the addition of Ta could help reduce the parameter uncertainty of the lower layers.
One‐Dimensional Seepage in Unsaturated, Expansive Soils
Authors: Potkay Aaron 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
We present a new equation to describe seepage through unsaturated, swelling soils.
This equation describes flow in saturated, unsaturated, rigid, and nonrigid soils.
Rigid, unsaturated seepage equations overestimate dissipation in swelling soils.
This study presents a new nonlinear partial differential equation to describe the dissipation of suction within unsaturated, swelling soils by vertical moisture flow using a material coordinate and soil parameters defined by constitutive surfaces from volume change theory. The equation takes a form similar to two classic equations that describe the flow of water within a soil matrix but accounts for the soil's interactions: the soil structure, water phase, suction, and stress. This new equation may simplify to Richards' equation for unsaturated flow through rigid media and to Terzaghi's consolidation equation under appropriate conditions. Although intended for unsaturated, swelling soils, this new equation may be applied to describe the vertical dissipation of pore pressures for all soils: saturated or unsaturated and rigid or nonrigid. Lastly, several simulations showed that the use of Richards' equation overestimates the rate of suction dissipation in swelling soils.
EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTS ON POLYPOID VEGETATION IN THE NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSIS
Authors: Kalyapin D. D. 
Published: November 2017

Nasal polyps are known to mankind since ancient times. However, to this day, the polypoid vegetation processes remain insufficiently studied, and the problem of polypous rhinosinusitis is widespread.According to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps EPOS-2012, thе pathology affects 2–4.3% of the Europe population [1]. The majority of domestic epidemiological studies show that nasal polyposis affects about 1% of the population in our country [2, 3]. From there, it can be assumed that polypous rhinosinusitis is an actual problem for at least 1.5 million citizens of our country [3]. Moreover, both domestic and foreign scientists agree that all available statistical data are strongly underestimated due to the large number of subclinical forms of this pathology and low incidence of outpatient visits [1, 2, 4, 5]. Average incidence of outpatient visits is 4.9 per 10 000 population in the Russian Federation. On top of that, the region-wise statistics vary little (3.7–5.8 per 10 000), which indicates that this type of pathology is spread uniformly [2].
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO CHRONIC RHINITIS ACCORDING TO THE POLYCLINIC DATA OF AMBULATORY SERVICE OF MOSCOW
Authors: Savlevich E. L. , Kozlov V. S. , Zharkikh M. A. , Chernyshova D. A. , Ruzakova E. A. 
Published: November 2017

The term «rhinitis» comprises a large heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms. The latest consensual documents recommend that all rhinitis be classified into 3 main types: infectious, allergic (AR) and non-infectious and non-allergic with subsequent subdivision of each type into separate subtypes. In the Russian Federation, standards and clinical guidelines have been developed only for allergic rhinitis. The therapeutic agement of 779 patients with chronic rhinitis in outpatient settings have been analysed. When formulating the diagnosis, codes J31.0 and J30.0 and the terms «Hypertrophic rhinitis» and «Vasomotor rhinitis» were used for non-allergic rhinitis, while code J30.4 and the terms «Allergic rhinitis» or «Vasomotor-allergic rhinitis» were used for allergic genesis. The diagnosis «Intermittent AR» was indicated once, and severity was mentioned only in 2 patients. In AR group (216 people), a comprehensive study was performed in 6.5% of cases, the diagnosis was established empirically in 52.7% of cases. Antihistamines were prescribed in 27.3% of cases, intranasal corticosteroids in 77.8%, montelukast in 9.7%, allergen-specific immunotherapy was performed in 1.9%. In non-allergic rhinitis (563 patients), 77.4% intranasal received corticosteroids, 7.5% received antihistamines, 3.7% – montelukast, 4.8% underwent surgical treatment. In both groups, original methods of therapy in the form of local antibiotics, homeopathic drugs, bacterial lysates were reported. In the AR group, a violation of the step-by-step therapy regimen was identified.
Future streamflow simulation in a snow-dominated Rocky Mountain headwater catchment
Authors: Neupane Ram P. , Adamowski Jan F. , White Joseph D. , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Rocky Mountains in North America are comprised of headwater snow catchments that provide sustained seasonal flow downstream. Changes in streamflow over the last half century in these basins may be associated with changing climate with increased temperature and variable precipitation, shifting seasonal hydrology. We investigated potential changes in future hydrology in a Rocky Mountain headwater catchment by simulating water budgets of the Athabasca River located in Jasper National Park, Canada. Potential hydrologic changes were predicted using a calibrated version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Future discharge and other parts of the catchment water budget were projected based on the global circulation model (GCM) derived from the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) for the latter part of the century (2081–2099). A projected decrease in future precipitation resulted in reduced mean annual streamflow, by up to 86%, compared to the baseline period for the catchment. Projected summer streamflow decreased from 58 to 39%. Streamflow increased from 13 to 26% during the spring, dampening the dominance of summer peak-flow hydrology. Colder winters for the future scenarios increase the overall proportion of precipitation as winter snowfall. However, dramatically lower precipitation estimated for this basin will drive water limits for the future.
Storm event-based frequency analysis method
Authors: Jun Changhyun , Qin Xiaosheng , Tung Yeou-Koung , De Michele Carlo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, a storm event-based frequency analysis method was proposed to mitigate the limitations of conventional rainfall depth–duration–frequency (DDF) analysis. The proposed method takes the number, rainfall depth, and duration of rainstorm events into consideration and is advantageous in estimation of more realistic rainfall quantiles for a given return period. For the purpose of hydraulics design, the rainfall depth thresholds are incorporated to retrieve the rainstorm events for estimating design rainfalls. The proposed method was tested against the observed rainfall data from 1961 to 2010 at Seoul, Korea and the computed rainfall quantiles were compared with those estimated using the conventional frequency analysis method. The study results indicated that the conventional method was likely to overestimate the rainfall quantiles for short rainfall durations. It represented that the conventional method could reflect rainfall characteristics of actual rainstorm events if longer durations (like 24 hours) were considered for estimation of design rainfalls.
¿CUÁNDO LA GEOGRAFÍA PERDIÓ SU “GRAPHIA”? UN ENSAYO HISTÓRICO Y CRÍTICO SOBRE LAS HABILIDADES GRÁFICAS PROMOVIDAS EN LA GEOGRAFÍA ESCOLAR
Authors: Lois Carla 
Published: November 2017

Resumo: A geografia é uma disciplina que traz consigo uma longa tradição gráfica, que é parte de seu próprio nome (algumas interpretações etimológicas prevalecem o significado de gráfico ou desenho do sufixo graphia sobre o de descrição textual).No entanto, nos últimos dois séculos, a Geografia se consolidou como uma disciplina eminentemente literária e isso acabou impactando na produção e uso de imagens na geografia escolar. Em oposição a isso, no final do século XIX, foi amplamente aceito que o ato de desenhar (especialmente a cópia e o mapeamento) era um exercício útil para pensar, interpretar e internalizar conteúdos geográficos.Neste artigo, analisamos como as habilidades gráficas promovidas na geografia escolar foram variadas com base em experiências, materiais e atividades desenvolvidos nas instituições escolares (considerando que é lá e quando as habilidades expressivas e comunicacionais são aprendidas) entre o final do século XIX e meados do século XX. Resumen: La geografía es una disciplina que carga con una larga tradición gráfica, que forma parte incluso de su propio nombre (algunas interpretaciones etimológicas hacen prevalecer el sentido de gráfico o dibujo del sufijo graphia sobre la de descripción textual).Sin embargo, en los últimos dos siglos, la Geografía se ha ido consolidando como en una disciplina eminentemente literaria y ello ha terminado impactando sobre la producción y el uso de imágenes en la geografía escolar. Por el contrario, a finales del siglo XIX, estaba ampliamente aceptado que el acto del dibujo (sobre todo, el copiado y el calcado de mapas) era un ejercicio útil para pensar, interpretar e interiorizar contenidos geográficos.En este artículo se analiza cómo fueron variando las habilidades gráficas promovidas en la geografía escolar a partir de experiencias, materiales y actividades desarrolladas en instituciones escolares (considerando que es allí donde y cuando se aprenden las destrezas expresivas y comunicacionales) entre finales del siglo XIX y mediados del siglo XX. Abtract: Geography is a discipline that carries with it a long graphic tradition, which is even part of its own name (some etymological interpretations prevail the sense of graphic or drawing attributed to the graphia suffix over textual description).However, in the last two centuries, Geography has been consolidated as an eminently literary discipline and this has ended up impacting on the production and use of images in school geography. In contrast, at the end of the nineteenth century, it was widely accepted that the act of drawing was a useful exercise for thinking, interpreting and internalizing geographical contents.In this article we analyzed how the graphic skills promoted in school geography varied from experiences, materials and activities developed in school institutions between the end of the 19th century and the mid - 20th century.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA ECOLOGIA POLÍTICA E DO SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS APPROACH NOS ESTUDOS AMBIENTAIS NO MEIO RURAL DO BRASIL: UM OLHAR SOBRE OS REASSENTADOS DE PETROLÂNDIA
Authors: Araújo Guilherme José Ferreira , Gomes Edvânia Torres Aguiar 
Published: November 2017

A ecologia política e o sustainable livelihood approach são respectivamente abordagens teórica e metodológica voltadas para o debate sobre temas relacionados a desigualdade social e o estabelecimento de metas para o combate à pobreza. Ambas são recentes no campo da pesquisa científica. A ecologia política foi germinada no período das grandes conferências ambientais da ONU e o sustainable livelihood approach foi concebido durante a década de 1980 com vistas a entender os principais fatores que contribuem com a pobreza em áreas rurais de países africanos. Este artigo tem o objetivo de desenvolver uma aproximação teórica entre as abordagens estudadas e dessa forma contribuir com as discussões sobre as desigualdades no acesso aos recursos naturais e os desdobramentos para a pequena produção agrícola no Brasil. Para o estabelecimento deste trabalho foi realizado um amplo levantamento bibliográfico para identificar os pontos que unem a teoria da ecologia política e a prática metodológica do sustainable livelihood approach. Em seguida foram elencados os principais problemas identificados nas pesquisas de campo em Petrolândia e estabelecida relações com as abordagens em questão. Neste quesito foram analisados pequenos produtores de coco dos Perímetros Irrigados de Apolônio Sales e Icó-Mandantes. Nesses perímetros encontram-se agricultores com diferentes contextos socioeconômicos, porém com a mesma origem de reassentamento e subsídio estatal. Todos são oriundos de uma transferência forçada em função da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Luiz Gonzaga. Neste sentido, o estudo pretende iniciar um debate sobre as principais razões dessas diferenças e visualizar prováveis soluções.
Seguindo a constituição da Joalheria contemporânea
Authors: Botelho Videla Ana Neuza 
Published: November 2017

A proposta deste estudo visou apresentar o segmento profissional da joalheria, tendo por objetivo identificar em quais circunstâncias a joalheria é considerada arte, por ser uma categoria orientada para a produção de trabalhos mais experimentais, os quais podem ter a intenção de problematizar a ornamentação corporal ou a linguagem da joalheria. Do ponto de vista metodológico, distinguir as características dos produtos gerados por artistas joalheiros implicou no acompanhamento das práticas de produção, comercialização, eventos de divulgação e lançamentos de projetos. A construção teórica da pesquisa objetivou abarcar o ponto de vista do sujeito e seu contexto. Neste sentido, a obra de Bruno Latour contribuiu para se pensar a constituição de uma categoria artística. Como resultados, observamos que os joalheiros, por se situarem entre dois campos de práticas, parecem se encontrar em um espaço liminar. De um lado, afirmam que o que os diferenciam das outras formas de produzir joalheria é a exploração ou experimentação do objeto associado ao corpo. De outro, tem-se o conhecimento especializado da joalheria, o qual faz a mediação das influências externas.
Prospective Postmarketing Surveillance of Acute Myocardial Infarction in New Users of Saxagliptin: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Toh Sengwee , Reichman Marsha E. , Graham David J. , Hampp Christian , Zhang Rongmei , Butler Melissa G. , Iyer Aarthi , Rucker Malcolm , Pimentel Madelyn , Hamilton Jack , Lendle Samuel , Fireman Bruce H. ,   Mini-Sentinel Saxagliptin-AMI Surveillance Writing Group, Saylor Gwyn , Nathwani Neesha , Andrade Susan E. , Brown Jeffrey S , Boudreau Denise M. , Greenlee Robert T. , Griffin Marie R. , Horberg Michael A. , Lin Nancy D. , McMahill-Walraven Cheryl N. , Nair Vinit P. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Raebel Marsha A. , Selvam Nandini , Trinacty Connie Mah 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE
The cardiovascular safety of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor, compared with other antihyperglycemic treatments is not well understood. We prospectively examined the association between saxagliptin use and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We identified patients aged ≥18 years, starting from the approval date of saxagliptin in 2009 and continuing through August 2014, using data from 18 Mini-Sentinel data partners. We conducted seven sequential assessments comparing saxagliptin separately with sitagliptin, pioglitazone, second-generation sulfonylureas, and long-acting insulin, using disease risk score (DRS) stratification and propensity score (PS) matching to adjust for potential confounders. Sequential testing kept the overall chance of a false-positive signal below 0.05 (one-sided) for each pairwise comparison.

RESULTS
We identified 82,264 saxagliptin users and more than 1.5 times as many users of each comparator. At the end of surveillance, the DRS-stratified hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) were 1.08 (0.90–1.28) in the comparison with sitagliptin, 1.11 (0.87–1.42) with pioglitazone, 0.79 (0.64–0.98) with sulfonylureas, and 0.57 (0.46–0.70) with long-acting insulin. The corresponding PS-matched HRs were similar. Only one interim analysis of 168 analyses met criteria for a safety signal: the PS-matched saxagliptin-pioglitazone comparison from the fifth sequential analysis, which yielded an HR of 1.63 (1.12–2.37). This association diminished in subsequent analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
We did not find a higher AMI risk in saxagliptin users compared with users of other selected antihyperglycemic agents during the first 5 years after U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of the drug.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SMA
Authors: Supranoto Heri 
Published: November 2017

Abstrak Mengacu kepada berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam naskah konsep dan strategi implementasi pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa di SMA, pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa dilakukan melalui integrasi pada mata pelajaran, pengembangan diri, dan budaya sekolah. Pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa pada intinya bertujuan mengembangkan karakter setiap individu agar mampu mewujudkan nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila; mengembangkan potensi dasar agar berhati baik, berpikiran baik, dan berperilaku baik; memperkuat dan membangun perilaku bangsa yang multikultur; dan meningkatkan peradaban bangsa yang kompetitif dalam pergaulan dunia. Proses ini melibatkan kerjasama seluruh warga sekolah. Sehubungan dengan itu, pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa di SMA dilakukan dengan pendekatan sistematik dan integratif dengan optimalisasi seluruh sumber daya pendukung yang ada di sekolah, keluarga, dan di masyarakat.Pendidikan karakter dapat didefinisikan sebagai segala usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempengaruhi karakter siswa. Pendidikan karakter mengandung tiga unsur pokok, yaitu mengetahui kebaikan (knowing the good), mencintai kebaikan (loving the good), dan melakukan kebaikan (doing the good). Pendidikan karakter tidak sekedar mengajarkan mana yang benar dan mana yang salah kepada peserta didik, tetapi lebih dari itu pendidikan karakter menanamkan kebiasaan (habituation) tentang yang baik sehingga peserta didik paham, mampu merasakan, dan mau melakukan yang baik. Jadi, pendidikan karakter membawa misi yang sama dengan pendidikan akhlak atau pendidikan moral.Kemendiknas, telah diidentifikasi 18 nilai karakter yang perlu ditanamkan kepada peserta didik yang bersumber dari Agama, Pancasila, Budaya, dan Tujuan Pendidikan Nasional. Kedelapan belas nilai tersebut adalah:1) religius, 2) jujur, 3) toleransi, 4) disiplin, 5) kerja keras, 6) kreatif, 7) mandiri, 8) demokratis, 9) rasa ingin tahu, 10) semangat kebangsaan, 11) cinta tanah air, 12) menghargai prestasi, 13) bersahabat/komunikatif, 14) cinta damai, 15) gemar membaca, 16) peduli lingkungan, 17) peduli sosial, 18) tanggung jawab
IMPLEMENTASI MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Dewi Tiara Anggia 
Published: November 2017

Mata pelajaran ekonomi merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang bertujuan untuk melatih siswa untuk belajar mengenal lingkungan sosial disekitarnya. Sehingga dengan mempelajari mata pelajaran ekonomi diharapkan siswa dapat beradaptasi dalam setiap situasi dan kondisi yang terjadi dilingkungannya. Penerapan pembelajaran ekonomi menekankan pada aspek pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang langsung dirasakan oleh siswa. Dengan demikian, guru diharapkan dapat merancang bahan pembelajaran yang efektif dan kreatif agar siswa dapat memahami konsep-konsep ekonomi secara lebih nyata. Pemanfaatan berbagai sumber media yang salah satunya adalah multimedia interaktif diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kreativitas guru dalam menerapkan proses pembelajaran ekonomi. Kata kunci: Multimedia Interaktif, Bahan Pembelajaran, Pembelajaran Ekonomi