bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of endophyte alkaloids in perennial ryegrass using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Soto‐Barajas Milton C , Zabalgogeazcoa Iñigo , González‐Martin Inmaculada , Vázquez‐de‐Aldana Beatriz R 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNear‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used in forage quality control because it is faster, cleaner and less expensive than conventional chemical procedures. In Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), one of the most important forage grasses, the infection by asymptomatic Epichloë fungal endophytes alters the plant nutritional quality due to the production of alkaloids. In this research, we developed a rapid method based on NIRS to detect and quantify endophyte alkaloids (peramine, lolitrem B and ergovaline) using a heterogeneous set of L. perenne plants obtained from wild grasslands and cultivars.RESULTSNIR spectra from dried grass samples were recorded and classified according to the absence or presence of alkaloids, based on reference methods. The best discriminant equations for detection of alkaloids classified correctly 94.4%, 87.5% and 92.9% of plants containing peramine, lolitrem B and ergovaline, respectively. The quantitative NIR equations obtained by modified partial least squares (MPLS) algorithm had coefficients of correlation of 0.93, 0.41, and 0.76 for peramine, lolitrem B and ergovaline respectively.CONCLUSIONNIRS is a suitable tool for qualitative analysis of endophyte alkaloids in grasses and for the accurate quantification of peramine and ergovaline. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Urine biomarkers of acute kidney injury in noncritically ill, hospitalized children treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Sterling Maya , Al‐Ismaili Zubaida , McMahon Kelly R. , Piccioni Melissa , Pizzi Michael , Mottes Theresa , Lands Larry C. , Abish Sharon , Fleming Adam J. , Bennett Michael R. , Palijan Ana , Devarajan Prasad , Goldstein Stuart L. , O'Brien Maureen M. , Zappitelli Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin (Cis), carboplatin (Carb), and ifosfamide (Ifos) are common nephrotoxic chemotherapies. Biomarkers of tubular injury may allow for early acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis.ProcedureWe performed a two‐center (Canada, United States) pilot study to prospectively measure serum creatinine (SCr), urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) in children receiving Cis/Carb (27 episodes), Ifos (30 episodes), and in 15 hospitalized, nonchemotherapy patients. We defined AKI using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition. We compared postchemotherapy infusion NGAL and IL‐18 concentrations (immediate postdose to 3 days later) to pre‐infusion concentrations. We calculated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for postinfusion biomarkers to discriminate for AKI.ResultsPrechemotherapy infusion NGAL and IL‐18 concentrations were not higher than nonchemotherapy control concentrations. Increasing chemotherapy dose was associated with increasing postinfusion (0–4 hr after infusion) NGAL (P < 0.05). Post‐Ifos, immediate postdose, and daily postdose NGAL and IL‐18 were significantly higher than pre‐infusion biomarker concentrations (P < 0.05), during AKI episodes. NGAL and IL‐18 did not rise significantly after Cis–Carb infusion, relative to predose concentrations (P > 0.05). NGAL and IL‐18 measured immediately after Ifos infusion discriminated for AKI with AUCs is 0.80 (standard error = 0.13) and 0.73 (standard error = 0.16), respectively. NGAL and IL‐18 were not diagnostic of Cis–Carb‐associated AKI. When AUCs were adjusted for age, all biomarker AUCs (Cis–Carb and Ifos) improved.ConclusionUrine NGAL and IL‐18 show promise as early AKI diagnostic tests in children treated with ifosfamide and may have a potential role in drug toxicity monitoring.
Pressurized Nozzle‐Based Solvent/Anti‐Solvent Process for Making Ultrafine ϵ‐CL‐20 Explosive
Authors: Gupta Shallu , Kumar Pal Dinesh , Sharma Sandeep , Kaur Gurvinder , Agarwal Arun , Lata Prem 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCL‐20 explosive is one of the most recent and powerful explosives. It has very high potential in futuristic applications but at present it has limitations of sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Among the four different polymorphs (α, β, γ, and ϵ), ϵ‐polymorph has better stability and shock/detonics properties. However, preparation of pure ϵ‐polymorph is a challenging task particularly in terms of repeatability and polymorphism. In our research work, pressurized nozzle based solvent/anti‐solvent process (PNSAP) was developed for the preparation of ultrafine ϵ‐CL‐20 explosives with high repeatability, purity, and yield. To get ultrafine particle size, shape, distribution and yield, various process parameters/ variables such as solvent type, anti‐solvent type, dosing rate, stirring rate, ultra‐sonication, and temperature were identified and prioritized using the weighted average method of Analytical Network Process (ANP) techniques. It was observed that ultrafine ϵ‐CL‐20 particle size in the range of 2 to 3 μm can be obtained using this process. The ϵ‐polymorph was confirmed by FT‐IR characterization. The main feature of this PNSAP process is that it is a laboratory scale table‐top pilot plant which is simple, cost‐effective, safe and repeatable for continuous batch production of ultrafine ϵ‐CL‐20 at the rate of 100 grams per hour.
Test of the no‐signaling principle in the Hensen loophole‐free CHSH experiment
Authors: Adenier Guillaume , Khrennikov Andrei Yu. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe analyze the data from the loophole‐free CHSH experiment performed by Hensen et al., and show that it is actually not exempt of an important loophole. By increasing the size of the sample of event‐ready detections, one can exhibit in the experimental data a violation of the no‐signaling principle with a statistical significance at least similar to that of the reported violation of the CHSH inequality, if not stronger.
Solid‐Liquid Interface Based Biphasic Reaction for Nanomaterial Preparation: Bundled CuO Nanorods as an Example and Their Outstanding Photocatalytic Efficiencies
Authors: Lee Kuan‐Ting , Chen Yu‐An , Lu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFor the first time, a novel environmentally friendly solid‐liquid interface based biphasic reaction process for preparation of nanostructured oxide materials was developed. The process was demonstrated to produce bundled CuO nanorods, which were further shown to be an outstanding catalyst for sun‐light assisted heterogeneous Fenton processes for degradation of RhB, a model recalcitrant organic pollutant.
Scope and Limitations of the Domino Vinylogous Aldol/oxa‐Michael Reaction
Authors: Geiger Larissa , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe asymmetric, atom economic reaction of salicylaldehydes with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of an organocatalyst leads to chiral tricyclic chromanes. In this report, the first exploration of heteroatom‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is demonstrated: We present the investigation of the enantioselective domino vinylogous aldol/oxa‐Michael reaction in respect to its scope and limitations. The chiral chromanes arriving from this reaction are highly functionalized and are versatile synthetic intermediates that can further be converted into the respective tetrahydroxanthones with functionalities on the C‐4a position. A new synthetic route to a methyl ester on this position is developed starting with a p‐methoxyphenyl protected alcohol.
Administrative Claims Data Versus Augmented Pregnancy Data for the Study of Pharmaceutical Treatments in Pregnancy
Authors: Andrade Susan E. , Bérard Anick , Nordeng Hedvig M.E. , Wood Mollie E. , van Gelder Marleen M.H.J. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Administrative claims databases, which collect reimbursement-related information generated from healthcare encounters, are increasingly used to evaluate medication safety in pregnancy. We reviewed the strengths and limitations of claims-only databases and how other data sources may be used to improve the accuracy and completeness of information critical for studying medication safety in pregnancy.

Recent Findings
Research on medication safety in pregnancy requires information on pregnancy episodes, mother-infant linkage, medication exposure, gestational age, maternal and birth outcomes, confounding factors, and (in some studies) long-term follow-up data. Claims data reliably identifies live births and possibly other pregnancies. It allows mother-infant linkage and has prospectively collected prescription medication information. Its diagnosis and procedure information allows estimation of gestational age. It captures maternal medical conditions but generally has incomplete data on reproductive and lifestyle factors. It has information on certain, typically short-term maternal and infant outcomes that may require chart review confirmation. Other data sources including electronic health records and birth registries can augment claims data or be analyzed alone. Interviews, surveys, or biological samples provide additional information. Nationwide and regional birth and pregnancy registries, such as those in several European and North American countries, generally contain more complete information essential for pregnancy research compared to claims-only databases.

Summary
Claims data offers several advantages in medication safety in pregnancy research. Its limitations can be partially addressed by linking it with other data sources or supplementing with primary data collection. Rigorous assessment of data quality and completeness is recommended regardless of data sources.
“Our” brand's failure leads to “their” product derogation
Authors: Chae Boyoun (Grace) , Dahl Darren W. , Zhu Rui (Juliet) 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis research examines when and how consumers' product attitudes and their subsequent word‐of‐mouth behaviors are impacted by negative information about a brand that is associated with their social group. We find that negative information about an in‐group brand threatens the in‐group members' social identity, which in turn results in derogation of the threatening out‐group's product. Importantly, we identify that the communication source of the negative information determines whether a threat to social identity will be realized. The out‐group product derogation effect is observed only when the communication of the negative information comes from an out‐group (vs. in‐group) source. Finally, we provide evidence for our proposed mechanism by showing that a group affirmation exercise mitigates the out‐group product derogation effect we have identified.
“Dark Money” and “Dirty Politics”: Are anonymous ads more negative?
Authors: Chand Daniel E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMany scholars have studied the use of negative advertising in campaigns and what motivates candidates and groups to run negative ads. Recent elections, however, have seen a dramatic increase in advertising by outside groups, particularly by so-called “dark-money” organizations, which do not disclose their donor information. This study questions whether dark-money groups are more likely to engage in negative advertising. By examining the more than 13,000 outside-group expenditures from the 2010 through the 2014 congressional elections, it finds that outside groups are, indeed, more likely to use negative ads when they conceal their donor information. Additionally, while liberal and conservative groups are roughly equally likely to use negative ads, conservative groups are most likely to use anonymously funded negative advertisements. This could be, at least in part, due to the support conservative groups receive from organized businesses, which generally seek to conceal their political activities from public scrutiny.
Earthquakes, Fuel Crisis, Power Outages, and Health Care in Nepal: Implications for the Future
Authors: Adhikari Bipin , Mishra Shiva Raj , Babu Marahatta Sujan , Kaehler Nils , Paudel Kumar , Adhikari Janak , Raut Shristi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEarthquakes are a major natural calamity with pervasive effects on human life and nature. Similar effects are mimicked by man-made disasters such as fuel crises and power outages in developing countries. Natural and man-made disasters can cause intangible human suffering and often leave scars of lifelong psychosocial damage. Lessons from these disasters are frequently not implemented. The main objective of this study was to review the effects of the 2015 earthquakes, fuel crisis, and power outages on the health services of Nepal and formulate recommendations for the future. The impacts of earthquakes on health can be divided into immediate, intermediate, and long-term effects. Power outages and fuel crises have health hazards at all stages. It is imperative to understand the temporal effects of earthquakes, because the major needs soon after the earthquake (emergency care) are vastly different from long-term needs such as rehabilitation and psychosocial support. In Nepal, the inadequate and nearly nonexistent specialized health care at the peripheral level claimed many lives during the earthquakes and left many people disproportionately injured. Preemptive strategies such as mobile critical care units at primary health centers, intensive care training for health workers, and alternative plans for emergency care must be prioritized. Similarly, infrastructural damage led to poor sanitation, and alternative plans for temporary settlements (water supply, food, settlements logistics, space for temporary settlements) must be in place where the danger of disease outbreak is imminent. While much of these strategies are implementable and are often set as priorities, long-term effects of earthquakes such as physical and psychosocial supports are often overlooked. The burden of psychosocial stresses, including depression and physical disabilities, needs to be prioritized by facilitating human resources for mental health care and rehabilitation. In addition, inclusion of mental health and rehabilitation facilities in government health care services of Nepal needs to be prioritized. Similarly, power outages and fuel crises affect health care disproportionately. In the current context where permanent solutions may not be possible, mitigating health hazards, especially cold chain maintenance for essential medicines and continuation of life-saving procedures, are mandatory and policies to regulate all health care services must be undertaken. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:625–632)
Identifying patterns and drivers of coral diversity in the Central Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Mihaljević Morana , Korpanty Chelsea , Renema Willem , Welsh Kevin , Pandolfi John M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBiodiversity hotspots are increasingly recognized as areas of high taxonomic and functional diversity. These hotspots are dynamic and shift geographically over time in response to environmental change. To identify drivers of the origin, evolution, and persistence of diversity hotspots, we investigated the diversity patterns of reef-building corals (Scleractinia) in the Central Indo-Pacific, a marine biodiversity hotspot for the last 25 Myr. We used the scleractinian fossil record (based on literature and a newly acquired fossil collection) to examine the taxonomic and functional diversity of corals from the Eocene to Pliocene. Our data identify potential drivers of coral diversity through time (and space) in the Central Indo-Pacific by constraining the timing of taxonomic turnover events and correlating them with known environmental changes. Increases in taxonomic diversity, high origination rates, and changes in abundance of functional character states indicate that the origin of the Central Indo-Pacific hotspot occurred during the Oligocene, initially through proliferation of pre-existing taxa and then by origination of new taxa. In contrast to taxonomic diversity, overall functional diversity of Central Indo-Pacific reef-building corals remained constant from the Eocene to the Pliocene. Our results identify global sea level as a main driver of diversity increase that, together with local tectonics, regulates availability of suitable habitats. Moreover, marine biodiversity hotspots develop from both the accumulation of taxa from older biodiversity hotspots and origination of new taxa. Our study demonstrates the utility of a combined literature-based and new collection approach for gaining new insights into the timing, drivers, and development of tropical biodiversity hotspots.
Child-targeted fast-food television advertising exposure is linked with fast-food intake among pre-school children
Authors: Dalton Madeline A , Longacre Meghan R , Drake Keith M , Cleveland Lauren P , Harris Jennifer L , Hendricks Kristy , Titus Linda J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether exposure to child-targeted fast-food (FF) television (TV) advertising is associated with children’s FF intake in a non-experimental setting.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted April–December 2013. Parents reported their pre-school child’s TV viewing time, channels watched and past-week FF consumption. Responses were combined with a list of FF commercials (ads) aired on children’s TV channels during the same period to calculate children’s exposure to child-targeted TV ads for the following chain FF restaurants: McDonald’s, Subway and Wendy’s (MSW).SettingPaediatric and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics in New Hampshire, USA.SubjectsParents (n 548) with a child of pre-school age.ResultsChildren’s mean age was 4·4 years; 43·2 % ate MSW in the past week. Among the 40·8 % exposed to MSW ads, 23·3 % had low, 34·2 % moderate and 42·5 % high exposure. McDonald’s accounted for over 70 % of children’s MSW ad exposure and consumption. Children’s MSW consumption was significantly associated with their ad exposure, but not overall TV viewing time. After adjusting for demographics, socio-economic status and other screen time, moderate MSW ad exposure was associated with a 31 % (95 % CI 1·12, 1·53) increase and high MSW ad exposure with a 26 % (95 % CI 1·13, 1·41) increase in the likelihood of consuming MSW in the past week. Further adjustment for parent FF consumption did not change the findings substantially.ConclusionsExposure to child-targeted FF TV advertising is positively associated with FF consumption among children of pre-school age, highlighting the vulnerability of young children to persuasive advertising and supporting recommendations to limit child-directed FF marketing.
Establishing inherent uncertainty in the shifts determined by volumetric imaging
Authors: Giri Upendra Kumar , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted for establishing inherent uncertainty in the shift determination by X-ray volumetric imaging (XVI) and calculating margins due to this inherent uncertainty using van Herk formula.Material and methodsThe study was performed on the XVI which was cone-beam computed tomography integrated with the Elekta AxesseTM linear accelerator machine having six degree of freedom enabled HexaPOD couch. Penta-Guide phantom was used for inherent translational and rotational shift determination by repeated imaging. The process was repeated 20 times a day without moving the phantom for 30 consecutive working days. The measured shifts were used for margins calculation using van Herk formula.ResultsThe mean standard deviations were calculated as 0·05, 0·05, 0·06 mm in the three translational (x, y and z) and 0·05°, 0·05°, 0·05° in the three rotational axes (about x, y, z). Paired sample t-test was performed between the mean values of translational shifts (x, y, z) and rotational shifts. The systematic errors were found to be 0·03, 0·04 and 0·03 mm while the random errors were 0·05, 0·06 and 0·06 mm in the lateral, cranio-caudal and anterio-posterior directions, respectively. For the rotational shifts, the systematic errors were 0·02, 0·03 and 0·03 and the random errors were 0·06, 0·05 and 0·05 in the pitch, roll and yaw directions, respectively.ConclusionOur study concluded that there was an inherent uncertainty associated with the XVI tools, on the basis of these six-dimensional shifts, margins were calculated and recorded as a baseline for the quality assurance (QA) programme for XVI imaging tools by checking its reproducibility once in a year or after any major maintenance in hardware or upgradation in software. Although the shift determined was of the order of submillimetre order, still that shift had great significance for the image quality control of the XVI tools. Every departments practicing quality radiotherapy with such imaging tools should establish their own baseline value of inherent shifts and margins during the commissioning and must use an important QA protocol for the tools.
The Interface between Neighbors at a Time of State Transition: The Thick Border of the Bolsheviks (1917–1924)
Authors: Dullin Sabine 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Focusing on the European margins of the former Russian Empire as it was reinvented by the Soviets and drawing on the central and local archives of the former Soviet Union, this article uncovers a particular construction of territorial sovereignty that emerged from interactions between countries that were both new and ideologically hostile to one another. It shows that although Soviet authorities adapted to the rules of negotiation necessary for the “co-construction” of a frontier, they gradually managed to affirm an exclusive sovereignty over the territory. The thick border that evolved between mutually suspicious neighbors, especially through the creation of buffer zones, was subsequently institutionalized and appropriated by the Soviets in order to control interactions and border crossings. This analysis of everyday life in these border zones offers new perspectives for a transnational history of the state.
The Local Spaces of Statebuilding: The Case of Albania (1920–1939)
Authors: Clayer Nathalie 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Drawing on studies that envisage the local as a site where nation-state building and the affirmation of sovereignty are produced rather than simply reproduced, this article proposes to shift the focus to the local level. By exploring the case of school policies in interwar Albania, at the very heart of the assertion of the new state’s sovereignty, it studies the control of local space as the locus of these processes. More specifically, it focuses on the power relations surrounding the role of religion in school space, state appropriation of school buildings structuring religious spaces, and the effect of the inscription of actors involved in these negotiations—be they agents of these policies or not—into social spaces.
You Said “Capital”? Extending the Notion of Capital, Interrogating Inequalities and Dominant Powers
Authors: Thévenot Laurent 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Capital in the Twenty-First Century is based on the author’s choices concerning the definition of capital, the inequalities of its distribution, and the social state policies he recommends to address them. In line with Thomas Piketty’s proposal to encourage a dialogue between economics and the other social sciences, this article sheds light on the implications of those choices. It traces the political genealogy of “human” and “intellectual” capital, and the subsequent development of other capital-variables used to measure different types of inequality and to evaluate the policies designed to cope with them. Differentiating the modes—which are not exclusively market-orientated—of investing in and valorizing these various types of capital, it clarifies the kind of power associated with each, its claim to legitimacy despite the inequalities it causes, and the domination it exercises. This calls into question the delimitation that Piketty has chosen for a basic set of capital-goods that are used in very different ways, along with his understanding and evaluation of them according to market valuation alone.