bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Recreational and Competitive Running With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Samuelsson Kristian , Musahl Volker , Green Cynthia L. , Bhandari Mohit , Karlsson Jón 
Published: May 2017

Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Background Running is a healthy and popular activity worldwide, but data regarding its association with osteoarthritis (OA) are conflicting. Objectives To evaluate the association of hip and knee OA with running and to explore the influence of running intensity on this association. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify studies investigating the occurrence of OA of the hip and/or knee among runners. A meta-analysis of studies comparing this occurrence between runners and controls (sedentary, nonrunning individuals) was conducted. Runners were regarded as “competitive” if they were reported as professional/elite athletes or participated in international competitions. Recreational runners were individuals running in a nonprofessional (amateur) context. The prevalence rate and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) for OA between runners (at competitive and recreational levels) and controls were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted for OA location (hip or knee), sex, and years of exposure to running (less or more than 15 years). Results Twenty-five studies (n = 125810 individuals) were included and 17 (n = 114829 individuals) were meta-analyzed. The overall prevalence of hip and knee OA was 13.3% (95% CI: 11.6%, 15.2%) in competitive runners, 3.5% (95% CI: 3.4%, 3.6%) in recreational runners, and 10.2% (95% CI: 9.9%, 10.6%) in controls. The odds ratio for hip and/or knee OA in competitive runners was higher than that in recreational runners (1.34; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.86 and 0.86; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.07, respectively; controls as reference group; for difference, P<.001). Exposure to running of less than 15 years was associated with a lower association with hip and/or knee OA compared with controls (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.73). Conclusion Recreational runners had a lower occurrence of OA compared with competitive runners and controls. These results indicated that a more sedentary lifestyle or long exposure to high-volume and/or high-intensity running are both associated with hip and/or knee OA. However, it was not possible to determine whether these associations were causative or confounded by other risk factors, such as previous injury. Level of Evidence Etiology/harm, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(6):373–390. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7137
The intercostal nerve as a target for diagnostic biopsy
Authors: Nguyen Khoi D. , Choudhri Haroon F. , Macomson Samuel D. 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEPeripheral nerve biopsy is a useful tool in diagnosing peripheral neuropathies. Sural and gracilis nerves have become the most common targets for nerve biopsy. However, the yield of sural nerve biopsy is limited in patients who have motor neuropathies, and gracilis nerve biopsy presents technical challenges and increased complications. The authors propose the intercostal nerve as an alternative motor nerve target for biopsy.METHODSA total of 4 patients with suspected peripheral neuropathies underwent intercostal nerve biopsy at the authors’ institution. A rib interspace that is inferior to the pectoralis muscle and anterior to the anterior axillary line is selected for the procedure. Generally the lower intercostal nerves (i.e., T7–11) are targeted. An incision is made over the inferior aspect of the superior rib at the chosen interspace. Blunt dissection is carried down to the neurovascular bundle and the nerve is isolated, ligated, and cut to send for pathological examination.RESULTSThe average operative time for all cases was 73 minutes, with average blood loss of 8 ml. Biopsy results from 1 patient exhibited axonopathy, and the other 3 patients demonstrated axonopathy with demyelination. There were no short- or long-term postoperative complications. None of the patients reported sensory or motor deficits related to the biopsy at 6 weeks postoperatively.CONCLUSIONSThe intercostal nerve can be an alternative target for biopsy, especially in patients with predominantly motor neuropathies, due to its mixed sensory and motor fibers, straightforward anatomy, minimal risk of serious sensory deficits, and no risk of motor impairment.
Isolation by distance and isolation by environment contribute to population differentiation in Protea repens (Proteaceae L.), a widespread South African species
Authors: Prunier Rachel , Akman Melis , Kremer Colin T. , Aitken Nicola , Chuah Aaron , Borevitz Justin , Holsinger Kent E. 
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa is renowned for its botanical diversity, but the evolutionary origins of this diversity remain controversial. Both neutral and adaptive processes have been implicated in driving diversification, but population‐level studies of plants in the CFR are rare. Here, we investigate the limits to gene flow and potential environmental drivers of selection in Protea repens L. (Proteaceae L.), a widespread CFR species.METHODS:We sampled 19 populations across the range of P. repens and used genotyping by sequencing to identify 2066 polymorphic loci in 663 individuals. We used a Bayesian FST outlier analysis to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) marking genomic regions that may be under selection; we used those SNPs to identify potential drivers of selection and excluded them from analyses of gene flow and genetic structure.RESULTS:A pattern of isolation by distance suggested limited gene flow between nearby populations. The populations of P. repens fell naturally into two or three groupings, which corresponded to an east‐west split. Differences in rainfall seasonality contributed to diversification in highly divergent loci, as do barriers to gene flow that have been identified in other species.CONCLUSIONS:The strong pattern of isolation by distance is in contrast to the findings in the only other widespread species in the CFR that has been similarly studied, while the effects of rainfall seasonality are consistent with well‐known patterns. Assessing the generality of these results will require investigations of other CFR species.
Pregnant Women Positioning in Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Integrative Review
Authors: Pinto Sarah Lima , Melo Geórgia Alcântara Alencar , Barros Lívia Moreira , Neto Nelson Miguel Galindo , Lisboa Kenya Waleria de Siqueira Coêlho , Gomes Emiliana Bezerra , Oliveira Mirna Fontenele de , Caetano Joselany Áfio 
Published: May 2017

Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence on the positioning of pregnant women in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
Method: an integrative review of the literature in the Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS and PubMed databases using the descriptors "patient positioning", "spinal anesthesia" and "obstetrics" and their synonyms "patient position" and "spinal anesthetics".
Results: the sample of 8 articles showed that the fastest onset of blockade in pregnant women occurs in the lateral horizontal decubitus position and in the sitting position with legs downwards. Lateral decubitus with elevated head presented insufficient blockade. Lateral position was related to greater comfort, and its maintenance for 15 minutes before the supine position, after infiltration with the anesthetic was associated with lower incidence of hypotension.
Conclusion: Scientific evidence has shown that positioning influences the effect, potentiation and delay of anesthesia, comfort and the pregnant woman's blood pressure, being relevant to the perioperative and obstetric multidisciplinary practice.
Formal Solutions for Polarized Radiative Transfer. I. The DELO Family
Authors: Janett Gioele , S. Carlin Edgar , Steiner Oskar , Belluzzi Luca 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The discussion regarding the numerical integration of the polarized radiative transfer equation is still open and the comparison between the different numerical schemes proposed by different authors in the past is not fully clear. Aiming at facilitating the comprehension of the advantages and drawbacks of the different formal solvers, this work presents a reference paradigm for their characterization based on the concepts of order of accuracy, stability, and computational cost. Special attention is paid to understand the numerical methods belonging to the Diagonal Element Lambda Operator family, in an attempt to highlight their specificities.
On Kinetic Slow Modes, Fluid Slow Modes, and Pressure-balanced Structures in the Solar Wind
Authors: Verscharen Daniel , Chen Christopher H. K. , Wicks Robert T. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Observations in the solar wind suggest that the compressive component of inertial-range solar-wind turbulence is dominated by slow modes. The low collisionality of the solar wind allows for nonthermal features to survive, which suggests the requirement of a kinetic plasma description. The least-damped kinetic slow mode is associated with the ion-acoustic (IA) wave and a nonpropagating (NP) mode. We derive analytical expressions for the IA-wave dispersion relation in an anisotropic plasma in the framework of gyrokinetics and then compare them to fully kinetic numerical calculations, results from two-fluid theory, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). This comparison shows major discrepancies in the predicted wave phase speeds from MHD and kinetic theory at moderate to high β. MHD and kinetic theory also dictate that all plasma normal modes exhibit a unique signature in terms of their polarization. We quantify the relative amplitude of fluctuations in the three lowest particle velocity moments associated with IA and NP modes in the gyrokinetic limit and compare these predictions with MHD results and in situ observations of the solar-wind turbulence. The agreement between the observations of the wave polarization and our MHD predictions is better than the kinetic predictions, which suggests that the plasma behaves more like a fluid in the solar wind than expected.
X-Ray Superflares on CC Eri
Authors: Karmakar Subhajeet , Pandey J. C. , Airapetian V. S. , Misra Kuntal 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present an in-depth study of two superflares (F1 and F2) detected on an active binary star CC Eridani by the Swift observatory. These superflares triggered the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) in the hard X-ray band on 2008 October 16 and 2012 February 24. The rise phases of both the flares were observed only with BAT, whereas the decay phases were observed simultaneously with the X-ray Telescope. It has been found that the flares decay faster in the hard X-ray band than in the soft X-ray band. Both flares F1 and F2 are highly energetic with respective peak X-ray luminosities of ∼

and ∼

erg s−1 in 0.3–50 keV energy band, which are larger than any other flares previously observed on CC Eri. The time-resolved spectral analysis during the flares shows the variation in the coronal temperature, emission measure, and abundances. The elemental abundances are enhanced by a factor of ∼8 to the minimum observed in the post-flare phase for the flare F1. The observed peak temperatures in these two flares are found to be 174 and 128 MK. Using the hydrodynamic loop modeling, we derive loop lengths for both the flares as 1.2 ± 0.1 × 1010 cm and 2.2 ± 0.6 × 1010 cm, respectively. The Fe Kα emission at 6.4 keV is also detected in the X-ray spectra and we model the Kα emission feature as fluorescence from the hot flare source irradiating the photospheric iron. These superflares are the brightest, hottest, and shortest in duration observed thus far on CC Eri.
L’efficience scolaire en Afrique australe et orientale : impact de l’isolement
Authors: Figueiredo De Oliveira Gabriel , Dieng Abou Moussa 
Published: May 2017

Ce papier propose d’étudier l’efficience de 2 522 établissements scolaires situés dans 647 districts des 12 pays de l’Afrique australe et orientale, puis d’analyser la portée du nombre d’inspections effectuées dans ces établissements, mais aussi de l’isolement de ces derniers, sur leur efficience scolaire. Il ressort de cette étude que les inspections, ainsi que la localisation des établissements en milieu urbain et la proximité entre l’école et le domicile des élèves, jouent un rôle important sur l’efficience. Codes JEL : I2, I22.
Comment la croissance du revenu et le vieillissement influencent la demande de soins en Chine rurale ?
Authors: Audibert Martine , He Yong , Mathonnat Jacky 
Published: May 2017

Nous estimons l’évolution de la demande de soins sous l’effet de la croissance du revenu et du vieillissement de la population en utilisant deux échantillons de patients issus de deux enquêtes menées dans les mêmes régions, à un intervalle de 18 ans (1989-2006). Nous nous intéressons au rôle spécifique des prix et de la distance aux établissements de santé. Les données proviennent de la base CHNS fournie par le « Carolina Population Center ». Nous utilisons un modèle logit multinomial mixte. Nous trouvons que les effets prix des soins se sont réduits sur la période et sont devenus plus hétérogènes. L’effet du vieillissement l’a emporté sur l’effet de la croissance du revenu, entraînant un effet distance croissant et une préférence accrue des patients pour la proximité des prestataires de soins. Cependant, pour faire face à l’urbanisation, la politique chinoise a consisté pendant de nombreuses années à privilégier les grands hôpitaux. Nos résultats suggèrent que cette politique a, d’une part, incité un plus grand nombre de patients à opter pour l’automédication et, d’autre part, qu’elle a contribué à accroître dans les années 2000 la charge que représentent les soins de santé pour les ménages les plus pauvres. Classifications JEL : D1, C5, I1.
L’hybridation entre recherche et pratique : une condition pour faire progresser les pratiques de concertation d’un grand maître d’ouvrage
Authors: Ballan Étienne , Dziedzicki Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2017

Il est courant qu’un maître d’ouvrage d’infrastructures fasse appel à des prestataires pour l’accompagner dans la mise en œuvre de dispositifs de concertation. Ce qui l’est moins, c’est lorsque maître d’ouvrage et prestataire s’engagent dans une forme de dialogue sur plusieurs années afin que le second aide le premier à progresser dans sa vision de la concertation. C’est de ce dialogue qui s’est construit progressivement entre l’équipe de concertants de Réseau ferré de France et celle de l’association Arènes que cet article rend compte. La spécificité de ce dialogue tient tout particulièrement à l’hybridation entre recherche et pratique des responsables de ces deux entités et à celle des réflexions et actions engagées, à la fois entre opérationnalité et questionnements/positionnements éthiques et stratégiques. L’article présente d’abord les différents cadres d’action et outils sur lesquels s’est appuyé ce dialogue : le débat public et sa concertation préparatoire, l’étude de contexte territorial, la charte de la concertation, les référentiels de la politique de concertation de l’entreprise. Il analyse ensuite les conditions et les principaux effets de cette collaboration : si cette expérience montre tout l’intérêt de missions conduites en lien avec des méthodes et des questionnements de recherche, elle témoigne également de la difficulté pour que leurs résultats imprègnent les choix stratégiques d’une entreprise publique.
Protéger l’enfant ouvrier. La loi du 19 mai 1874, une « législation intermédiaire » ?
Authors: Fiorentino Karen 
Published: May 2017

La loi du 19 mai 1874, réglementant le travail des enfants et des filles mineures, est classiquement présentée comme une norme « intermédiaire » en histoire du droit du travail. Un certain mépris est attaché à ce qualificatif, donnant à penser que cette loi n’a guère compté et que, si elle est remplacée par celle du 2 novembre 1892, c’est bien la preuve qu’elle n’a guère fait montre d’une grande efficacité. Or, l’analyse des archives d’une circonscription donne à penser le contraire. L’étude de la mise en œuvre de la loi, dans le cadre de la troisième circonscription d’inspection, révèle au contraire que cette norme fut déterminante dans l’évolution des mentalités. Bien plus que par le travail du législateur, la condition des enfants en milieu industriel fut améliorée par le rôle central des inspecteurs, créés par la loi de 1874. Certes, la norme présente des lacunes, son champ d’application se révèle rapidement trop limité, mais cette norme représente un pan crucial de l’évolution des conditions de travail des enfants en usine. Ce travail permet également de mesurer l’importance du recours aux sources archivistiques, qui donnent une idée exacte de la mise en œuvre d’une loi, complément indispensable du texte législatif.
Moscou – Kazan – Oufa : Jean-Richard Bloch en 1941-1942
Authors: Stern Ludmila 
Published: May 2017

Écrivain français communiste, Jean-Richard Bloch était probablement le seul intellectuel français à avoir demandé l’asile politique en URSS pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’expérience unique de son exil soviétique, partiellement reconstituée grâce à ses notes inédites, ainsi que celles de sa femme, gardées au Département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, commence par l’arrivée de Bloch en URSS et son séjour à Moscou (avril-octobre 1941), suivi de son évacuation vers l’Est à Kazan sous l’égide de l’Union des écrivains soviétiques (octobre-décembre 1941), et ensuite à Oufa où il sera mobilisé par l’Internationale Communiste pour lire ses Commentaires à la Radio du Komintern à destination de la France occupée (décembre 1941-décembre 1942). Après avoir examiné brièvement le développement des relations que Bloch entretenait avec l’Union des écrivains dans de nouvelles conditions de guerre, nous nous concentrerons sur les attentes du Komintern à l’égard de Bloch et de sa femme. La reconstruction des conditions de travail et de la qualité de vie de la « famille kominternienne » contribuera à la littérature limitée (Ceretti, Cauchy, Thorez-Vermeersch, Wieviorka) de la période à Oufa, et fera lumière sur les fonctions de Bloch, ainsi que son statut et ses interactions avec la direction de l’Internationale Communiste.
Outcomes of 27-Gauge Vitrectomy-Assisted Choroidal and Subretinal Biopsy
Authors: Grewal Dilraj S. , Cummings Thomas J. , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report the initial experience of 27-gauge vitrectomy-assisted choroidal and subretinal biopsy

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, interventional case series. Eighteen eyes of 18 patients undergoing 27-gauge vitrectomy-assisted choroidal (n = 16) or subretinal biopsy (n = 2). Clinical and lesion characteristics, cytopathology, histology, gene expression profiling (GEP), visual acuity (VA), complications including vitreous hemorrhage (VH), development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD), and need for additional surgeries were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Indications were choroidal melanoma (n = 10), indeterminate choroidal (n = 5), and subretinal lesions (n = 3). Mean lesion height was 3.33 mm ± 1.55 mm (range: 0.80 mm to 6.75 mm) and largest diameter was 8.63 mm ± 4.14 mm (range: 3 mm to 15.5 mm). Mean number of intralesional biopsy passes required was 1.76 ± 0.83 (range: one to four). During a mean follow-up of 7.4 months ± 2.7 months (range: 4 months to 14 months), VA was unchanged (0.5 logMAR ± 0.6 logMAR vs. 0.7 logMAR ± 0.84 logMAR;
P
= .07). Pathologic diagnosis was obtained in 16 of 18 eyes (88.9%), and GEP data were collected for all 11 choroidal melanomas. Post-biopsy VH occurred in 13 of 18 eyes (72.2%) and was severe enough to require a concurrent limited vitrectomy in six eyes (33.3%). These eyes had a greater lesion height compared to eyes not requiring a vitrectomy (4.08 mm ± 1.68 mm vs. 2.76 mm ± 1.43 mm;
P
= .04). A rhegmatogenous RD requiring repeat surgery developed in two of 18 eyes (11.1%).

CONCLUSION:
The authors concluded that 27-gauge vitrectomy-assisted choroidal and subretinal biopsy established a diagnosis in 88.9% of eyes in lesions 0.8 mm or larger.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:406–415.]
Nomenclature correction of the name and rank of the association Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg. / Nomenklaturni popravek imena in ranga asociacije Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg.
Authors: Dakskobler Igor 
Published: May 2017

Nomenclature correction of the name and rank of the association Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg. Nomenklaturni popravek imena in ranga asociacije Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Quercetum petraeae Dakskobler 2014 nom. illeg.
Activated Microglia Desialylate and Phagocytose Cells via Neuraminidase, Galectin-3, and Mer Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Nomura Koji , Vilalta Anna , Allendorf David H. , Hornik Tamara C. , Brown Guy C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Activated microglia can phagocytose dying, stressed, or excess neurons and synapses via the phagocytic receptor Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) can cross-link surface glycoproteins by binding galactose residues that are normally hidden below terminal sialic acid residues. Gal-3 was recently reported to opsonize cells via activating MerTK. We found that LPS-activated BV-2 microglia rapidly released Gal-3, which was blocked by calcineurin inhibitors. Gal-3 bound to MerTK on microglia and to stressed PC12 (neuron-like) cells, and it increased microglial phagocytosis of PC12 cells or primary neurons, which was blocked by inhibition of MerTK. LPS-activated microglia exhibited a sialidase activity that desialylated PC12 cells and could be inhibited by Tamiflu, a neuraminidase (sialidase) inhibitor. Sialidase treatment of PC12 cells enabled Gal-3 to bind and opsonize the live cells for phagocytosis by microglia. LPS-induced microglial phagocytosis of PC12 was prevented by small interfering RNA knockdown of Gal-3 in microglia, lactose inhibition of Gal-3 binding, inhibition of neuraminidase with Tamiflu, or inhibition of MerTK by UNC569. LPS-induced phagocytosis of primary neurons by primary microglia was also blocked by inhibition of MerTK. We conclude that activated microglia release Gal-3 and a neuraminidase that desialylates microglial and PC12 surfaces, enabling Gal-3 binding to PC12 cells and their phagocytosis via MerTK. Thus, Gal-3 acts as an opsonin of desialylated surfaces, and inflammatory loss of neurons or synapses may potentially be blocked by inhibiting neuraminidases, Gal-3, or MerTK.