bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The AusBeef model for beef production: II. sensitivity analysis
Authors: DOUGHERTY H. C. , KEBREAB E. , EVERED M. , LITTLE B. A. , INGHAM A. B. , NOLAN J. V. , HEGARTY R. S. , PACHECO D. , MCPHEE M. J. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThe present study evaluated the behaviour of the AusBeef model for beef production as part of a 2 × 2 study simulating performance on forage-based and concentrate-based diets from Oceania and North America for four methane (CH4)-relevant outputs of interest. Three sensitivity analysis methods, one local and two global, were conducted. Different patterns of sensitivity were observed between forage-based and concentrate-based diets, but patterns were consistent within diet types. For the local analysis, 36, 196, 47 and 8 out of 305 model parameters had normalized sensitivities of 0, >0, >0·01 and >0·1 across all diets and outputs, respectively. No parameters had a normalized local sensitivity >1 across all diets and outputs. However, daily CH4 production had the greatest number of parameters with normalized local sensitivities >1 for each individual diet. Parameters that were highly sensitive for global and local analyses across the range of diets and outputs examined included terms involved in microbial growth, volatile fatty acid (VFA) yields, maximum absorption rates and their inhibition due to pH effects and particle exit rates. Global sensitivity analysis I showed the high sensitivity of forage-based diets to lipid entering the rumen, which may be a result of the use of a feedlot-optimized model to represent high-forage diets and warrants further investigation. Global sensitivity analysis II showed that when all parameter values were simultaneously varied within ±10% of initial value, >96% of output values were within ±20% of the baseline, which decreased to >50% when parameter value boundaries were expanded to ±25% of their original values, giving a range for robustness of model outputs with regards to potential different ‘true’ parameter values. There were output-specific differences in sensitivity, where outputs that had greater maximum local sensitivities displayed greater degrees of non-linear interaction in global sensitivity analysis I and less variance in output values for global sensitivity analysis II. For outputs with less interaction, such as the acetate : propionate ratio and microbial protein production, the single most sensitive term in global sensitivity analysis I contributed more to the overall total-order sensitivity than for outputs with more interaction, with an average of 49, 33, 15 and 14% of total-order sensitivity for microbial protein production, acetate : propionate ratio, CH4 production and energy from absorbed VFAs, respectively. Future studies should include data collection for highly sensitive parameters reported in the present study to improve overall model accuracy.
Is there any relationship between right and left hand dominance and right and left nasal airflow dominance?
Authors: Price A , Eccles R 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:Left- or right-handedness is a common human trait, and it has been previously reported that human nasal airflow dominance correlates with hand dominance. Any relationship between hand dominance and nasal airflow dominance would be unusual. This study aimed to measure nasal airflow and look for any relationship to handedness.Methods:The modified Glatzel mirror was used to record the dominant nasal passage at 15-minute intervals over a 6-hour period in 29 healthy participants consisting of 15 left-handers and 14 right-handers.Results:In left-handers, the percentage of time that the left nasal passage was dominant ranged from 0 to 100 per cent. In right-handers, the percentage of time that the right nasal passage was dominant ranged from 4.2 to 95.8 per cent. No correlation between nasal airflow dominance and hand dominance was identified.Conclusion:The results do not support the hypothesis that nasal airflow and handedness are related.
Recombinant subunit vaccines for soil-transmitted helminths
Authors: NOON JASON B. , AROIAN RAFFI V. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYSoil-transmitted helminths (STHs) collectively infect one fourth of all human beings, and the majority of livestock in the developing world. These gastrointestinal nematodes are the most important parasites on earth with regard to their prevalence in humans and livestock. Current anthelmintic drugs are losing their efficacies due to increasing drug resistance, particularly in STHs of livestock and drug treatment is often followed by rapid reinfection due to failure of the immune system to develop a protective response. Vaccines against STHs offer what drugs cannot accomplish alone. Because such vaccines would have to be produced on such a large scale, and be cost effective, recombinant subunit vaccines that include a minimum number of proteins produced in relatively simple and inexpensive expression systems are required. Here, we summarize all of the previous studies pertaining to recombinant subunit vaccines for STHs of humans and livestock with the goal of both informing the public of just how critical these parasites are, and to help guide future developments. We also discuss several key areas of vaccine development, which we believe to be critical for developing more potent recombinant subunit vaccines with broad-spectrum protection.
New spaces of new speaker profiles: Exploring language ideologies in transnational multilingual families
Authors: Soler Josep , Zabrodskaja Anastassia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article looks at Spanish-Estonian speaking families and their language ideologies in relation to language use in the family setting—how parents decide to use languages among themselves and with their children. Family members choose different languages for different purposes when they talk to one another. In our study, parents draw on their knowledge of the ‘one parent–one language’ strategy but also translanguage for different reasons, constructing new patterns of bilingual modes. In the article, we examine parents’ attitudes towards language maintenance, transmission, and use with their children. We incorporate the lens of ‘new speaker’ research to analyse the empirical data collected in Tallinn households among Spanish-Estonian speaking families so as to contribute to a better understanding of family language policy, planning, and management, highlighting how macro-level sociolinguistic expectations and norms might be elaborated on the micro level in everyday social interactions. (Family language policy, language ideology, new speakers, Estonian, Spanish)*
System reliability prediction with shared load and unknown component design details
Authors: Hu Zhengwei , Du Xiaoping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn many system designs, it is a challenging task for system designers to predict the system reliability due to limited information about component designs, which is often proprietary to component suppliers. This research addresses this issue by considering the following situation: all the components share the same system load, and system designers know component reliabilities with respect to the component load, but do not know other information, such as component limit-state functions. The strategy is to reconstruct the equivalent component limit-state functions during the system design stage such that they can accurately reproduce component reliabilities. Because the system load is a common factor shared by all the reconstructed component limit-state functions, the component dependence can be captured implicitly. As a result, more accurate system reliability can be produced compared with traditional methods. An engineering example demonstrates the feasibility of the new system reliability method.
Analytical global sensitivity analysis with Gaussian processes
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Subramaniyan Arun K. , Wang Liping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMethods for efficient variance-based global sensitivity analysis of complex high-dimensional problems are presented and compared. Variance decomposition methods rank inputs according to Sobol indices that can be computationally expensive to evaluate. Main and interaction effect Sobol indices can be computed analytically in the Kennedy and O'Hagan framework with Gaussian processes. These methods use the high-dimensional model representation concept for variance decomposition that presents a unique model representation when inputs are uncorrelated. However, when the inputs are correlated, multiple model representations may be possible leading to ambiguous sensitivity ranking with Sobol indices. In this work, we present the effect of input correlation on sensitivity analysis and discuss the methods presented by Li and Rabitz in the context of Kennedy and O'Hagan's framework with Gaussian processes. Results are demonstrated on simulated and real problems for correlated and uncorrelated inputs and demonstrate the utility of variance decomposition methods for sensitivity analysis.
A decomposition-based uncertainty quantification approach for environmental impacts of aviation technology and operation
Authors: Amaral Sergio , Allaire Douglas , De La Rosa Blanco Elena , Willcox Karen E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs a measure to manage the climate impact of aviation, significant enhancements to aviation technologies and operations are necessary. When assessing these enhancements and their respective impacts on the climate, it is important that we also quantify the associated uncertainties. This is important to support an effective decision and policymaking process. However, such quantification of uncertainty is challenging, especially in a complex system that comprises multiple interacting components. The uncertainty quantification task can quickly become computationally intractable and cumbersome for one individual or group to manage. Recognizing the challenge of quantifying uncertainty in multicomponent systems, we utilize a divide-and-conquer approach, inspired by the decomposition-based approaches used in multidisciplinary analysis and optimization. Specifically, we perform uncertainty analysis and global sensitivity analysis of our multicomponent aviation system in a decomposition-based manner. In this work, we demonstrate how to handle a high-dimensional multicomponent interface using sensitivity-based dimension reduction and a novel importance sampling method. Our results demonstrate that the decomposition-based uncertainty quantification approach can effectively quantify the uncertainty of a feed-forward multicomponent system for which the component models are housed in different locations and owned by different groups.
Der Einfluss früherer und gegenwärtiger Peer-Erfahrungen in der Schulklasse auf die Wahrnehmung von sozialer Unterstützung
Authors: Hofmann Claudia , Venetz Martin 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Peergruppen-Erfahrungen in der Schulklasse die generell wahrgenommene soziale Unterstützung beeinflussen. Mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung wurden Längsschnittdaten von 321 Schülerinnen und Schülern und ihren Lehrpersonen analysiert, die vor und nach dem Übertritt von der Primar- in die Sekundarstufe schriftlich befragt wurden. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Hypothese, dass sowohl frühere wie auch aktuelle Erfahrungen sozialen Integriertseins in die Schulklasse einen eigenständigen Effekt auf die wahrgenommene soziale Unterstützung sowie die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit haben. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass soziales Integriertsein und prosoziales Verhalten auch nach einem Klassenwechsel relativ stabil sind. Prosoziales Verhalten und soziales Integriertsein sind allerdings nur zum ersten Messzeitpunkt auf Primarschulstufe miteinander korreliert. Insgesamt lässt sich aus den Ergebnissen schließen, dass der Schule eine wichtige Funktion als sozialer Erfahrungsraum zukommt, der über seine Grenzen hinaus wirkt.
Geschwisterkonstellationseffekte auf Mathematikleistungen und Hausaufgabenhilfe in TIMSS 2011
Authors: Schmid Christine , Glaeser Anna 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurden auf Grundlage der österreichischen Stichprobe aus TIMSS 2011 Effekte der Zahl der Kinder und des Geburtsrangplatzes auf die Hausaufgabenhilfe und die Mathematikleistungen untersucht. Ziel war es, Hinweisen auf das durch Zajonc und Markus (1975; Zajonc, 2001 ) entwickelte Konfluenzmodell und dem in diesem Rahmen postulierten Tutoreneffekt nachzugehen. Die Ergebnisse, basierend auf N = 3 016, zeigten abnehmende Unterstützungsleistungen der Eltern und zunehmende durch Geschwister bei wachsender Zahl der Kinder in der Familie. Zudem entsprach das Muster der Testleistungen nach der Zahl der Kinder und dem Geburtsrangplatz weniger den Annahmen eines reinen elterlichen Ressourcenverdünnungsmodells, als einem, das zusätzlich die Geschwister als Ressource sowie als Lerngelegenheit (Tutoreneffekt) miteinbezog. Strategien zum weiteren Nachweis des Tutoreneffekts werden diskutiert.
Erfassung von elterlicher bedingter Wertschätzung im Lern- und Leistungsbereich und im Bereich der Emotionsregulation
Authors: Otterpohl Nantje , Keil Anina Geertje , Assor Avi , Stiensmeier-Pelster Joachim 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Elterliche bedingte Wertschätzung ist eine weit verbreitete Erziehungsstrategie zur Förderung erwünschten kindlichen Verhaltens im Lern- und Leistungskontext und im Kontext der Emotionsregulation. Hierbei bringen Eltern ihren Kindern mehr Wertschätzung als üblich entgegen, wenn diese erwünschtes Verhalten zeigen, und entziehen Wertschätzung, wenn diese unerwünschtes Verhalten zeigen. Da bedingte Wertschätzung sowohl mit der psychosozialen Anpassung (z. B. dem Selbstwert und der Emotionsregulation) als auch mit der Schulleistung negative Zusammenhänge aufweist, ist es notwendig über ein diagnostisches Instrument zu verfügen, mit dem elterliche bedingte Wertschätzung erfasst werden kann. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde erstmalig eine deutsche Adaptation der Parental Conditional Regard Scale (PCR; Roth, Assor, Niemiec, Ryan & Deci, 2009 ) zwei Stichproben von Jugendlichen (N = 144; N = 293) im Alter von 10 bis 17 Jahren vorgelegt. Für die PCR-D zeigten sich die erwartete Faktorenstruktur, sehr gute interne Konsistenzen und akzeptable Retest-Reliabilitäten. Die PCR-D korrelierte erwartungskonform mit konstruktnahen Kriterien wie dem Selbstwert, der Emotionsregulation sowie Schulnoten und erwies sich als messinvariant bei Jungen und Mädchen.
miR-125a-3p/FUT5-FUT6 axis mediates colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and pathological angiogenesis via PI3K-Akt pathway
Authors: Liang Leilei , Gao Chengshun , Li Yang , Sun Mingming , Xu Jingchao , Li Huairui , Jia Li , Zhao Yongfu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe fucosyltransferase (FUT) family produces glycans, a fundamental event in several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). miR-125a-3p is a non-coding RNA that can reduce cell proliferation and migration in cancer. In this study, we explored the levels of miR-125a-3p and FUT expression in human CRC tissues and two human CRC cell lines by qPCR. The results showed that miR-125a-3p, FUT5 and FUT6 are differentially expressed in normal and tumour tissues. On the basis of our previous research, FUT can be regulated by miRNA, which influences the proliferation and invasion of breast and hepatocellular cancer cells. We hypothesised that FUT5 and FUT6 may be regulated by miR-125a-3p. Luciferase reporter analyses were applied to identify potential target genes of miR-125a-3p. A functional study showed that miR-125a-3p overexpression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of CRC cells via down-regulating FUT5 and FUT6. In addition, regulating miR-125a-3p, FUT5 or FUT6 expression markedly modulated the activity of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, and this effect of FUT5 or FUT6 could be reversed by transfection with miR-125a-3p-mimics. Taken together, our data suggest that both FUT5 and FUT6 can promote the development of CRC via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, which is regulated by miR-125a-3p. miR-125a-3p may serve as a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
FGFR1 is critical for the anti-endothelial mesenchymal transition effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline via induction of the MAP4K4 pathway
Authors: Li Jinpeng , Shi Sen , Srivastava Swayam Prakash , Kitada Munehiro , Nagai Takako , Nitta Kyoko , Kohno Miyuki , Kanasaki Keizo , Koya Daisuke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEndothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been shown to contribute to organ fibrogenesis, and we have reported that the anti-EndMT effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is associated with restoring expression of diabetes-suppressed fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), the key anti-EndMT molecule. FGFR1 is the key inhibitor of EndMT via the suppression of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) inhibits integrin β1, a key factor in activating TGFβ signaling and EndMT. Here, we showed that the close proximity between AcSDKP and FGFR1 was essential for the suppression of TGFβ/smad signaling and EndMT associated with MAP4K4 phosphorylation (P-MAP4K4) in endothelial cells. In cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), the anti-EndMT and anti-TGFβ/smad effects of AcSDKP were lost following treatment with a neutralizing FGFR1 antibody (N-FGFR1) or transfection of FRS2 siRNA. The physical interaction between FGFR1 and P-MAP4K4 in HMVECs was confirmed by proximity ligation analysis and an immunoprecipitation assay. AcSDKP induced P-MAP4K4 in HMVECs, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with either N-FGFR1 or FRS2 siRNA. Furthermore, MAP4K4 knockdown using specific siRNAs induced smad3 phosphorylation and EndMT in HMVECs, which was not suppressed by AcSDKP. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic CD-1 mice exhibited suppression of both FGFR1 and P-MAP4K4 expression levels associated with the induction of TGFβ/smad3 signaling and EndMT in their hearts and kidneys; those were restored by AcSDKP treatment. These data demonstrate that the AcSDKP–FGFR1–MAP4K4 axis has an important role in combating EndMT-associated fibrotic disorders.
The ovarian reserve is depleted during puberty in a hormonally driven process dependent on the pro-apoptotic protein BMF
Authors: Liew Seng H , Nguyen Quynh-Nhu , Strasser Andreas , Findlay Jock K , Hutt Karla J 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn females, germ cells are maintained in ovarian structures called primordial follicles. The number of primordial follicles in the ovarian reserve is a critical determinant of the length of the fertile lifespan. Despite this significance, knowledge of the precise physiological mechanisms that regulate primordial follicle number is lacking. In this study we show that a wave of primordial follicle depletion occurs during the transition to adulthood in mice. We demonstrate that this sudden and dramatic loss of primordial follicles is hormonally triggered and identify the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF), as essential for this process, implicating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as a key mechanism. The elimination of primordial follicles during puberty is not only a striking developmental event, it is also physiologically important because it ultimately reduces the availability of primordial follicles and determines the duration of fertility. Collectively, these findings show that puberty is a critical developmental window for the regulation of the size of ovarian reserve, impacting on female fertility and reproductive longevity.
IL-7Rα glutamylation and activation of transcription factor Sall3 promote group 3 ILC development
Authors: Liu Benyu , Ye Buqing , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Huang Guanling , Yang Liuliu , Zhu Pingping , Du Ying , Wu Jiayi , Meng Shu , Tian Yong , Fan Zusen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGroup 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) promote lymphoid organogenesis and potentiate immune responses against bacterial infection. However, how ILC3 cells are developed and maintained is still unclear. Here, we show that carboxypeptidase CCP2 is highly expressed in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors, the progenitor of innate lymphoid cells, and CCP2 deficiency increases ILC3 numbers. Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (IL-7Rα) is identified as a substrate of CCP2 for deglutamylation, and IL-7Rα polyglutamylation is catalyzed by polyglutamylases TTLL4 and TTLL13 in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors. IL-7Rα polyglutamylation triggers STAT5 activation to initiate transcription factor Sall3 expression in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors, which drives ILC3 cell differentiation. Moreover, Ttll4−/− or Ttll13−/− mice have reduced IL-7Rα polyglutamylation and Sall3 expression in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors. Importantly, mice with IL-7Rα E446A mutation have reduced Sall3 expression and ILC3 population. Thus, polyglutamylation and deglutamylation of IL-7Rα tightly controls the development and effector functions of ILC3s.
Metallic ferromagnetic films with magnetic damping under 1.4 × 10−3
Authors: Lee Aidan J. , Brangham Jack T. , Cheng Yang , White Shane P. , Ruane William T. , Esser Bryan D. , McComb David W. , Hammel P. Chris , Yang Fengyuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLow-damping magnetic materials have been widely used in microwave and spintronic applications because of their low energy loss and high sensitivity. While the Gilbert damping constant can reach 10−4 to 10−5 in some insulating ferromagnets, metallic ferromagnets generally have larger damping due to magnon scattering by conduction electrons. Meanwhile, low-damping metallic ferromagnets are desired for charge-based spintronic devices. Here, we report the growth of Co25Fe75 epitaxial films with excellent crystalline quality evident by the clear Laue oscillations and exceptionally narrow rocking curve in the X-ray diffraction scans as well as from scanning transmission electron microscopy. Remarkably, the Co25Fe75 epitaxial films exhibit a damping constant <1.4 × 10−3, which is comparable to the values for some high-quality Y3Fe5O12 films. This record low damping for metallic ferromagnets offers new opportunities for charge-based applications such as spin-transfer-torque-induced switching and magnetic oscillations.
Atomic-scale structural signature of dynamic heterogeneities in metallic liquids
Authors: Pasturel Alain , Jakse Noel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWith sufficiently high cooling rates, liquids will cross their equilibrium melting temperatures and can be maintained in a metastable undercooled state before solidifying. Studies of undercooled liquids reveal several intriguing dynamic phenomena and because explicit connections between liquid structure and liquids dynamics are difficult to identify, it remains a major challenge to capture the underlying structural link to these phenomena. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations are yet especially powerful in providing atomic-scale details otherwise not accessible in experiments. Through the AIMD-based study of Cr additions in Al-based liquids, we evidence for the first time a close relationship between the decoupling of component diffusion and the emergence of dynamic heterogeneities in the undercooling regime. In addition, we demonstrate that the origin of both phenomena is related to a structural heterogeneity caused by a strong interplay between chemical short-range order (CSRO) and local fivefold topology (ISRO) at the short-range scale in the liquid phase that develops into an icosahedral-based medium-range order (IMRO) upon undercooling. Finally, our findings reveal that this structural signature is also captured in the temperature dependence of partial pair-distribution functions which opens up the route to more elaborated experimental studies.