bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mainstreaming Payments for Ecosystem Services in the Global Water Discourse
Authors: Henkel Marianne 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn recent years, awareness of ecosystem ‘services’ to human society has increased significantly. With it, economic tools for their conservation have gained attention in international environmental governance discourses, including in the global water discourse. The present paper uses a discourse analytical approach to trace how payments for ecosystem services are increasingly mainstreamed into the discourse on integrated water resource management (IWRM). Notably, international organizations with an environmental or conservation mandate draw on the environmental principle of the IWRM paradigm to raise concern for water‐related ecosystem services, and on the notion of water as an economic good to suggest payments for their conservation. While some actors and practices of the IWRM discourse have endorsed the extended storyline, it has been received reluctantly by most of the central actors in the global water platform. The Green Economy discourse spurred by the Rio + 20 conference has given the mainstreaming process a new dynamic. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Numerical analysis of conservative unstructured discretisations for low Mach flows
Authors: Ventosa‐Molina J. , Chiva J. , Lehmkuhl O. , Muela J. , Pérez‐Segarra C. D. , Oliva A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryUnstructured meshes allow easily representing complex geometries and to refine in regions of interest without adding control volumes in unnecessary regions. However, numerical schemes used on unstructured grids have to be properly defined in order to minimise numerical errors. An assessment of a low Mach algorithm for laminar and turbulent flows on unstructured meshes using collocated and staggered formulations is presented. For staggered formulations using cell‐centred velocity reconstructions, the standard first‐order method is shown to be inaccurate in low Mach flows on unstructured grids. A recently proposed least squares procedure for incompressible flows is extended to the low Mach regime and shown to significantly improve the behaviour of the algorithm. Regarding collocated discretisations, the odd–even pressure decoupling is handled through a kinetic energy conserving flux interpolation scheme. This approach is shown to efficiently handle variable‐density flows. Besides, different face interpolations schemes for unstructured meshes are analysed. A kinetic energy‐preserving scheme is applied to the momentum equations, namely, the symmetry‐preserving scheme. Furthermore, a new approach to define the far‐neighbouring nodes of the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinematics scheme is presented and analysed. The method is suitable for both structured and unstructured grids, either uniform or not. The proposed algorithm and the spatial schemes are assessed against a function reconstruction, a differentially heated cavity and a turbulent self‐igniting diffusion flame. It is shown that the proposed algorithm accurately represents unsteady variable‐density flows. Furthermore, the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinematics scheme shows close to second‐order behaviour on unstructured meshes, and the symmetry‐preserving is reliably used in all computations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact and measurement of social dysfunction in late‐life depression: an evaluation of current methods with a focus on wearable technology
Authors: Hodgetts Sophie , Gallagher Peter , Stow Daniel , Ferrier I. Nicol , O'Brien John T. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveDepression is known to negatively impact social functioning, with patients commonly reporting difficulties maintaining social relationships. Moreover, a large body of evidence suggests poor social functioning is not only present in depression but that social functioning is an important factor in illness course and outcome. In addition, good social relationships can play a protective role against the onset of depressive symptoms, particularly in late‐life depression. However, the majority of research in this area has employed self‐report measures of social function. This approach is problematic, as due to their reliance on memory, such measures are prone to error from the neurocognitive impairments of depression, as well as mood‐congruent biases.MethodNarrative review based on searches of the Web of Science and PubMed database(s) from the start of the databases, until the end of 2015.ResultsThe present review provides an overview of the literature on social functioning in (late‐life) depression and discusses the potential for new technologies to improve the measurement of social function in depressed older adults. In particular, the use of wearable technology to collect direct, objective measures of social activity, such as physical activity and speech, is considered.ConclusionIn order to develop a greater understanding of social functioning in late‐life depression, future research should include the development and validation of more direct, objective measures in conjunction with subjective self‐report measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial and mammalian cells adhesion to tantalum‐decorated micro‐/nano‐structured titanium
Authors: Zhu Yu , Gu Yingxin , Qiao Shichong , Zhou Linyi , Shi Junyu , Lai Hongchang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMicroorganisms are frequently introduced to dental implants during surgery and start the race for the surface with host cells before osseointegration occurs. The aim of the study was to endow implant surfaces with biological functions that reliably select cells over microbes. Nano‐structured tantalum (Ta) has exhibited excellent compatibility. Thus, nano‐structured Ta films were deposited on the sand‐blasted, large grit, and acid‐etched (SLA) titanium by the magnetron sputtering method, thus forming hierarchical micro‐/nano‐structured surfaces. No obvious Ta release confirmed the robustness of the deposited layer probably arising from the stable Ta2O5. Moreover, Ta‐modified surfaces not only improved the initial adhesion and spreading of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), but also exhibited good antibacterial activities towards Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The satisfactory cell‐surface interactions on Ta‐modified surfaces depended largely on the up‐regulation of adhesion‐related genes and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), as confirmed by real‐time PCR and Western blot. Here, the coculture model was also forwarded to mimic the perioperative bacterial contamination. We found that the adherent cell number and the cell‐surface coverage were hampered by bacteria presence on both surfaces. Yet, rBMSCs still attached and spread more readily on Ta‐modified surfaces than on SLA titanium surfaces even in coculture with adhering oral pathogens. Our results revealed that Ta‐modified micro‐/nano‐structured surfaces would selectively promote cell‐surface rather than bacteria‐surface interactions, boding well for the applications for dental implants in possibly infected environments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 871–878, 2017.
Temporal kinetics of CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28− T lymphocytes in the injured rat spinal cord
Authors: Wu Yan , Lin Yu‐Hong , Shi Ling‐Ling , Yao Zong‐Feng , Xie Xiu‐Mei , Jiang Zheng‐Song , Tang Jie , Hu Jian‐Guo , Lü He‐Zuo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study aims to explore the temporal changes of cytotoxic CD8+CD28+ and regulatory CD8+ CD28− T‐cell subsets in the lesion microenvironment after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats, by combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FCM). In the sham‐opened spinal cord, few CD8+ T cells were found. After SCI, the CD8+ T cells were detected at one day post‐injury (dpi), then markedly increased and were significantly higher at 3, 7, and 14 dpi compared with one dpi (p < 0.01), the highest being seven dpi. In CD8+ T cells, more than 90% were CD28+, and there were only small part of CD28− ( < 10%). After 14 days, the infiltrated CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased, and few could be found in good condition at 21 and 28 dpi. Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining showed that the percentages of apoptotic/necrotic CD8+ cells at 14 dpi and 21 dpi were significantly higher than those of the other early time‐points (p < 0.01). These results indicate that CD8+ T cells could rapidly infiltrate into the injured spinal cords and survive two weeks, however, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were dominant. Therefore, two weeks after injury might be the “time window” for treating SCI by prolonging survival times and increasing the fraction of CD8+ regulatory T‐cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can the crowdsourcing data paradigm take atmospheric science to a new level? A case study of the urban heat island of London quantified using Netatmo weather stations
Authors: Chapman Lee , Bell Cassandra , Bell Simon 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTCrowdsourcing techniques are frequently used across science to supplement traditional means of data collection. Although atmospheric science has so far been slow to harness the technology, developments have now reached the point where the benefits of the approaches simply cannot be ignored: crowdsourcing has potentially far‐reaching consequences for the way in which measurements are collected and used in the discipline. To illustrate this point, this paper uses air temperature data from the prolific, low‐cost, Netatmo weather station to quantify the urban heat island of London over the summer of 2015. The results are broadly comparable with previous studies, and indeed standard observations (albeit with a warm bias, a likely consequence of non‐standard site exposure), showing a range of magnitudes of between 1 and 6 °C across the city depending on atmospheric stability. However, not all the results can be easily explained by physical processes and therefore highlight quality issues with crowdsourced data that need to be resolved. This paper aims to kickstart a step‐change in the use of crowdsourcing in urban meteorology by encouraging atmospheric scientists to more positively engage with the new generation of manufacturers producing mass market sensors.
Climate warming and changes in Cyclotella sensu lato in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Reavie Euan D. , Sgro Gerald V. , Estepp Lisa R. , Bramburger Andrew J. , Shaw Chraïbi Victoria L. , Pillsbury Robert W. , Cai Meijun , Stow Craig A. , Dove Alice 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present the first evidence of biological change in all of the pelagic Laurentian Great Lakes associated with recent climatic warming. We hypothesized that measured changes in lake temperature, and the resulting physical changes to water columns, were affecting diatom communities in the Great Lakes. A paleolimnological analysis of 10 sediment cores collected from deep locations throughout the Great Lakes basin indicates a recent (30–50 yr) reorganization of the diatom community to one characterized by elevated abundances of several species from the group Cyclotella sensu lato, coinciding with rising atmospheric and water temperatures. These Cyclotella increases are a probable mechanistic result of new physical regimes such as changing stratification depths and longer ice‐free periods, and possibly water quality shifts. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of these changes are ongoing, but this compositional reorganization in primary producers could have important implications to Great Lakes food webs.
What is quality of life and how do we measure it? Relevance to Parkinson's disease and movement disorders
Authors: Martinez‐Martin Pablo 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTHealth‐related quality of life is a patient‐reported outcome that complements clinical evaluation and provides information about disease activity and effects of the treatment. The objective of this review is to present the conceptual framework, the measures, and some of their most relevant applications in the field of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. Health‐related quality of life is a subjective, individual, and multidimensional construct, and its main dimensions are physical, mental, and social, besides global perceptions of health and personal domains. Health‐related quality of life measurement is carried out by means of questionnaires or scales, ideally self‐applied by patients, and has a diversity of important applications for clinical practice, research, and health policy. Movement disorders and Parkinson's disease are complex conditions impacting all components of patients' health‐related quality of life. The use of health‐related quality of life tools provides important information on a variety of aspects that are important to patients while complementing clinical evaluations. In particular, studies using this kind of assessment can identify and monitor the most important health‐related quality of life determinant factors, allowing tailored assistance and prioritized interventions. In addition, maintaining or improving the patients' health‐related quality of life is an objective of care for chronic diseases and, therefore, it has to be monitored over time and as an outcome of clinical trials. Several methods are available for the interpretation of the change in scores of health‐related quality of life measures, although a definitive agreement on the most appropriate method is yet to be determined. Presently, health‐related quality of life assessment is an important outcome for research and management of chronic conditions such as Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Changes in resting‐state connectivity in musicians with embouchure dystonia
Authors: Haslinger Bernhard , Noé Jonas , Altenmüller Eckart , Riedl Valentin , Zimmer Claus , Mantel Tobias , Dresel Christian 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: Embouchure dystonia is a highly disabling task‐specific dystonia in professional brass musicians leading to spasms of perioral muscles while playing the instrument. As they are asymptomatic at rest, resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging in these patients can reveal changes in functional connectivity within and between brain networks independent from dystonic symptoms.Methods: We therefore compared embouchure dystonia patients to healthy musicians with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with independent component analyses.Results: Patients showed increased functional connectivity of the bilateral sensorimotor mouth area and right secondary somatosensory cortex, but reduced functional connectivity of the bilateral sensorimotor hand representation, left inferior parietal cortex, and mesial premotor cortex within the lateral motor function network. Within the auditory function network, the functional connectivity of bilateral secondary auditory cortices, right posterior parietal cortex and left sensorimotor hand area was increased, the functional connectivity of right primary auditory cortex, right secondary somatosensory cortex, right sensorimotor mouth representation, bilateral thalamus, and anterior cingulate cortex was reduced. Negative functional connectivity between the cerebellar and lateral motor function network and positive functional connectivity between the cerebellar and primary visual network were reduced.Conclusions: Abnormal resting‐state functional connectivity of sensorimotor representations of affected and unaffected body parts suggests a pathophysiological predisposition for abnormal sensorimotor and audiomotor integration in embouchure dystonia. Altered connectivity to the cerebellar network highlights the important role of the cerebellum in this disease. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Family PArtners in Lifestyle Support (PALS): Family‐based weight loss for African American adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Samuel‐Hodge Carmen D. , Holder‐Cooper Judith C. , Gizlice Ziya , Davis Gwendolyn , Steele Sonia P. , Keyserling Thomas C. , Kumanyika Shiriki K. , Brantley Phillip J. , Svetkey Laura P. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo develop and test a family‐centered behavioral weight loss intervention for African American adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn this randomized trial, dyads consisting of an African American adult with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes (index participant) paired with a family partner with overweight or obesity but not diagnosed with diabetes were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to a 20‐week special intervention (SI) or delayed intervention (DI) control group. The primary outcome was weight loss among index participants at the 20‐week follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred eight participants (54 dyads—36 (SI) and 18 (DI) dyads) were enrolled: 81% females; mean age, 51 years; mean weight,103 kg; and mean BMI, 37 kg/m2. At post‐intervention, 96 participants (89%) returned for follow‐up measures. Among index participants, mean difference in weight loss between groups was −5.0 kg, P <0.0001 (−3.6 kg loss among SI; 1.4 kg gain in DI). SI index participants showed significantly greater improvements in hemoglobin A1c, depressive symptoms, family interactions, and dietary, physical activity, and diabetes self‐care behaviors. SI family partners also had significant weight loss (−3.9 kg (SI) vs. −1.0 kg (DI), P = 0.02).ConclusionsA family‐centered, behavioral weight loss intervention led to clinically significant short‐term weight loss among family dyads.
Linear optimal filter for system subject to random delay and packet dropout
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhang Huanshui 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis note is concerned with the linear estimation problems for discrete‐time systems where the measurements are subject to random time delay and packet dropout. Different from most of previous works, the time‐stamping is assumed to be unavailable in this paper. In this case, the estimation problems for such systems are very difficult because the information of the received measurements is not exactly known in most cases. To overcome the difficulty caused by the random delay and unavailability of time‐stamping, a new observation is introduced by the summation of all the measurements received in the same time. Then, the random time delay measurement system is converted into a constant‐delay measurement system with multiplicative noises where the noise is binary distributed random variables with known distributions. Finally, the linear optimal estimator is derived by using the transformation of auto‐regressive moving average model to state‐space model and the standard Kalman filtering. The convergence and stability of the filter are also analyzed. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed estimator. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC‐UV and LC–MS Analyses of Acylquinic Acids in Geigeria alata (DC) Oliv. & Hiern. and their Contribution to Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Capacity
Authors: Zheleva‐Dimitrova Dimitrina , Gevrenova Reneta , Zaharieva Maya M. , Najdenski Hristo , Ruseva Silviya , Lozanov Valentin , Balabanova Vessela , Yagi Sakina , Momekov Georgi , Mitev Vanio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionGeigeria alata is a traditional plant used in Sudanese folk medicine for treatment of diabetes, cough, epilepsy and intestinal complaints.ObjectiveTo analyze phenolic acids in Geigeria alata roots and leaves and to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.MethodologyPhenolic acids in the aqueous‐methanol extracts were identified by LC–MS. Major compounds were isolated using low‐pressure liquid chromatography. The quantitative analysis of phenolic acids was performed by a validated HPLC‐UV method with limits of detection ranging from 0.04 to 0.57 μg/mL. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazine‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for antioxidant activity evaluation. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi were determined by the broth microdilution test.ResultsFor the first time protocatechuic, caffeic, p‐coumaroylquinic, caffeoylsinapoylquinic, caffeoylferuloylquinic, three feruloylquinic, six caffeoylquinic acids, and a caffeic acid hexoside were detected in Geigeria alata roots by LC–MS. HPLC‐UV analyses showed that 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (25.96 ± 2.08 mg/g dry weight (DW)) was the most abundant phenolic acid in roots, while 4,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (8.99 ± 0.56 mg/g DW) was the main compound present in leaves. 3,5‐Dicaffeoylquinic acid demonstrated stronger radical scavenging activity and reducing power compared with the crude extracts and the positive control 5‐caffeoylquinic acid. 3,4,5‐Tricaffeoylquinic acid revealed the highest antibacterial potential against the penicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, as well as methicillin‐resistant S. aureus.ConclusionThe caffeoylquinic acids content of up to 6.22% in Geigeria alata roots establishes this species as a new source rich in these bioactive molecules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in covalent functionalization of carbon nanomaterials with polymers: Strategies and perspectives
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Ye Yunsheng , Xue Yang , Xie Xiaolin , Mai Yiu‐Wing 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTCarbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been proposed as promising nanofillers for polymer composites because of their high surface area, structural flexibility, good mechanical strength, and their unique thermal, optical, and electronic properties. However, the strong van der Waals interactions between individual nanoparticles have limited the manipulation of CNMs and restricted their use in many promising fields. The functionalization of CNMs has attracted great interest on synthesis of complex structures, and helped establish different facile, scalable, controllable and low‐cost methods to graft well‐defined polymers onto the surfaces of CNMs. This review highlights the advances made in recent years on the functionalization chemistry of carbon nanotubes and graphene with polymers by both the “grafting from” and “grafting to” techniques. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 622–631
Mixed H2/H∞ control of synchronization for coupled partial differential systems
Authors: Wu Kai‐Ning , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we address the mixed H2/H∞ synchronization control for the coupled partial differential systems. First, we introduce the synchronization error dynamics and transform the problem of mixed H2/H∞ synchronization control of coupled partial differential systems into the problem of mixed H2/H∞ stabilization of the synchronization error dynamics. Then, both the finite and infinite horizon cases for the mixed H2/H∞ synchronization control are considered. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing the existence of the solutions to the mixed H2/H∞ synchronization control problem are given via a standard completing square technique. When the states of the synchronization error systems are unavailable, the Lunberger observer is designed, and the observer‐based mixed H2/H∞ synchronization problem is investigated. Based on the solutions to the coupled differential Riccati equations, the optimal control for the observer‐based mixed H2/H∞ synchronization control is presented. One more time, both the finite and infinite horizon cases are studied under the observer situation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.