bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical care ratios: differences in allied health roles in New Zealand
Authors: McNicholl Seamus Gary , Reid Duncan , Bright Felicity 
Published: September 2024

Objective Allied health workforce planning is difficult and needs to be informed by data. Clinical care ratios (CCR) are commonly used to differentiate between clinical and non-clinical demands. This study aimed to identify trends within and across allied health disciplines and determine if the CCR differed by allied health discipline within one New Zealand district. Methods Means of CCR data across six allied health roles over 1 year were compared using a one-way ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was conducted to determine role differences. Results There were statistically significant differences between the CCR of the six allied health disciplines. Both occupational therapy and physiotherapy had bimodal distributions of CCR. Allied health assistants had the lowest mean and median CCR. Conclusions Non-clinical activity represents a significant proportion of allied health activity within the New Zealand hospital system. Insights into the CCR of allied health disciplines may support more effective workforce planning and enable service leaders to match the right task to the right profession.
Uniqueness of extremal charged black holes in de Sitter
Authors: Katona David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We prove a uniqueness theorem for the charged Nariai black holes and ultracold black holes in four dimensions. In particular, we show that an analytic solution to four-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory with a positive cosmological constant containing a static extremal Killing horizon with spherical cross-sections of large radius (compared to the cosmological scale), must be locally isometric to the extremal Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black hole or its near-horizon geometry. The theorem generalises to extremal static horizons with small radius, establishing uniqueness of cold black holes for generic values of the radius.
An optimum structural design method for a torque sensor measuring the control moment of the micro flapping-wing robot
Authors: Wang Liang , Song Bifeng , Zhang Minghao , Yang Xiaojun , Sun Zhongchao , Zhang Wenming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an optimum structural design method for a sensor capable of measuring the control torque of the micro flapping-wing robot. Torque measurement in flapping-wing robots has special demands on the sensor bandwidth. The method in this paper focuses on the development of a multi-objective optimization method based on the surrogate model to solve the sensor indicator design issues, for example, increasing sensitivity while meeting bandwidth requirements. Initially, Latin hypercube sampling was applied to the choice of the characteristic parameters of the sensor. Based on finite element techniques, the surrogate models describing displacement and eigenfrequency were established to characterize the sensor indicators, and a multi-objective optimization was conducted. According to the optimization results, the sensor structure was manufactured, and a torque measurement platform was set up. Calibration experiments and frequency response experiments demonstrated a high level of consistency between the surrogate model and the experimental data. With the assistance of the eddy current displacement sensor, the actual displacement sensitivity coefficient of the torque sensor is determined to be 0.4325 mm mNm−1, consistent with the calculation of the surrogate model. The characteristic frequency is 488.5 Hz, with a relative error of 7.47% compared to the surrogate model. This indicates that the optimum structural design method can be utilized for the rapid design of torque sensors for special requirements, thus laying the foundation for the control torque measurement of micro flapping-wing robots.
Stitching accuracy in large area scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Klapetek Petr , Nečas David , Heaps Edward , Sauvet Bruno , Klapetek Vojtěch , Valtr Miroslav , Korpelainen Virpi , Yacoot Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Image stitching is a technique that can significantly enlarge the scan area of scanning probe microscope (SPM) images. It is also the most commonly used method to cover large areas in high-speed SPM. In this paper, we provide details on stitching algorithms developed specifically to mitigate the effects of SPM error sources, namely the presence of scanner non-flatness. Using both synthetic data and flat samples we analyse the potential uncertainty contributions related to stitching, showing that the drift and line mismatch are the dominant sources of uncertainty. We also present the ‘flatten base’ algorithm that can significantly improve the stitched data results, at the cost of losing the large area form information about the sample.
3D measurements of submillimeter-scale micro-holes with light-field image fusion under multi-angle illumination
Authors: Xu Shengming , Wang Rui , Zeng Fei , Shi Shengxian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Micro-holes, crucial components in various industries, pose challenges in accurate measurement due to their small dimensions and complex geometries. Traditional methods, such as coordinate measuring machines, profilometers, and 2D camera-based imaging systems, are effective but limited in scalability and efficiency. Light-field imaging offers promising solutions for addressing these challenges by providing spatial-angular information for depth reconstruction. However, uneven illumination and specular reflection on metal substrates hinder accurate depth estimation. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel approach combining multi-angle illumination and exposure fusion. This method enhances image quality and consistency by capturing raw light-field images under varied illuminations and fusing them to mitigate intensity variations. Experimental verification demonstrates the effectiveness of our method in accurately characterizing micro-holes, with improvements concerning depth estimation accuracy observed up to 40% compared to normal cases. Multiple raw light-field images are recorded while the illumination is modulated for each image. Exposure fusion is performed for each sub-aperture image (SAI). The fusion process takes contrast and well-exposedness into account. The magnitude of error reduction can be affected by many factors other than applying multi-SAI fusion. The factors of illumination configurations, hole orientations, and surface properties will probably influence the performance. However, it can be estimated and concluded that by applying multi-SAI fusion, in most cases, the measurement error can be reduced by 15% to 40%. By addressing challenges related to uneven illumination and specular reflection commonly observed on metal surfaces, our method enhances depth reconstruction accuracy, enabling more precise characterization of micro-hole structures. The method takes advantage of the rapid recording capability of the light-field camera and fuses SAIs from multiple raw light-field images captured under different illumination. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our approach, showcasing estimated improvements in depth estimation accuracy by up to 40% in most cases compared to normal illumination. The measuring efficiency can be above 10 000 effective points per second which qualifies in-situ inspections. Moving forward, further optimization and refinement of the proposed method could lead to broader applications in the measurement of other micro-structures under complicated surface conditions using light-field imaging.
Orbital and parametric normal forms for families of Hopf-zero singularity
Authors: Gazor Majid , Sadri Nasrin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the simplest truncated orbital and parametric normal forms of controlled Hopf zero singularities. We assume a quadratic generic condition and complete the remaining results on their simplest truncated orbital and parametric normal forms of Hopf-zero singularities. Different normal form styles are explored for their potential applications in bifurcation control. We obtain their associated universal asymptotic unfolding normal forms. We derive coefficient normal form formulas of the most generic cases and present the relations between the controller coefficients and asymptotic universal unfolding parameters. These play an important role in their potential applications in bifurcation control. Finally, the results are implemented on a controlled Chua circuit system to illustrate the applicability of our results.
Numerical inverse scattering transform for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Cui Shikun , Wang Zhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we develop the numerical inverse scattering transform (NIST) for solving the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation. The key technique involves formulating a Riemann–Hilbert problem that is associated with the initial value problem and solving it numerically. Before solving the Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP), two essential operations need to be carried out. Firstly, high-precision numerical calculations are performed on the scattering data. Secondly, the RHP is deformed using the Deift–Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method. The DNLS equation has a continuous spectrum consisting of the real and imaginary axes and features three saddle points, which introduces complexity not encountered in previous NIST approaches. In our numerical inverse scattering method, we divide the (x, t)-plane into three regions and propose specific deformations for each region. These strategies not only help reduce computational costs but also minimise errors in the calculations. Unlike traditional numerical methods, the NIST does not rely on time-stepping to compute the solution. Instead, it directly solves the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem. This unique characteristic of the NIST eliminates convergence issues typically encountered in other numerical approaches and proves to be more effective, especially for long-time simulations.
Progress in transparent thermoelectrics
Authors: Mulla Rafiq 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Transparent thermoelectric materials are a special kind of material that converts thermal energy into electrical power and possess unique properties for transparent electronics and future energy applications. These materials are being studied for specific applications such as windowpanes, photovoltaic panels, sensor displays, smart electronic devices, and more. For such applications, it is desirable that the thermoelectric materials be in the form of thin films or coatings, be optically transparent, and exhibit excellent thermoelectric performance. Understanding the electrical, thermal, and optical properties of materials is crucial for the development of transparent thermoelectric devices. This paper discusses the current progress in the development of transparent thermoelectric materials.
Physics simulation capabilities of LLMs
Authors: Ali-Dib Mohamad , Menou Kristen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve some undergraduate-level to graduate-level physics textbook problems and are proficient at coding. Combining these two capabilities could one day enable AI systems to simulate and predict the physical world. We present an evaluation of state-of-the-art (SOTA) LLMs on PhD-level to research-level computational physics problems. We condition LLM generation on the use of well-documented and widely-used packages to elicit coding capabilities in the physics and astrophysics domains. We contribute ∼50 original and challenging problems in celestial mechanics (with REBOUND), stellar physics (with MESA), 1D fluid dynamics (with Dedalus) and non-linear dynamics (with SciPy). Since our problems do not admit unique solutions, we evaluate LLM performance on several soft metrics: counts of lines that contain different types of errors (coding, physics, necessity and sufficiency) as well as a more educational’ Pass-Fail metric focused on capturing the salient physical ingredients of the problem at hand. As expected, today's SOTA LLM (GPT4) zero-shot fails most of our problems, although about 40% of the solutions could plausibly get a passing grade. About 70%–90% of the code lines produced are necessary, sufficient and correct (coding & physics). Physics and coding errors are the most common, with some unnecessary or insufficient lines. We observe significant variations across problem class and difficulty. We identify several failure modes of GPT4 in the computational physics domain, such as poor physical units handling, poor code versioning, tendency to hallucinate plausible sub-modules, lack of physical justification for global run parameters (e.g., simulation time, or upper-lower bounds for parametric exploration) and inability to define steady-state or stopping conditions reliably. Our reconnaissance work provides a snapshot of current computational capabilities in classical physics and points to obvious improvement targets if AI systems are ever to reach a basic level of autonomy in physics simulation capabilities.
Excitation and manipulation of toroidal dipole response in an antenna
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Ying , Chu Zijia , Li Jianfei , Yao Jingfeng , Igumnov Vladislav , Zhou Zhongxiang , Yuan Chengxun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The toroidal dipole is always overlooked due to its relatively weak interaction with the electromagnetic fields, but it actually exhibits tremendous potential for the design of advanced photonic devices. Here, we demonstrate the existence of toroidal dipole in plasma antenna system, which is rarely observed in the antenna design. It consists of a half-wavelength antenna and eight plasma rings to excite the toroidal dipole to enhance the electromagnetic radiation of the whole antenna system, whose mechanism is different from conventional antenna, which is a multiband antenna. We further confirm that the hybrid mode, which combines the toroidal dipole and multipole moments, can be dynamically adjusted to control both return loss and the opening of operating windows. This allows for flexible tuning of the multiband antenna simply by manipulating the response of the toroidal dipole. Furthermore, the toroidal dipole antenna is stable in dusty plasma, making it suitable for solving the problem of ‘blackout’ phenomena in aerospace communications, which exhibits the additional benefits of reduced cost and easier to manufacture.
Spray pyrolysis grown Cu and Ni co-doped ZnO thin films: a study of their structural, optical, wettability, and photocatalytic performance
Authors: Ali Dilawar , Raza Ali , Muneer Iqra , Ahson Rabia , Ishtiaq Mohsin , Waheed Anjam , Tanveer M U , Mohd Razip Wee M F , Aziz Muhammad Hammad , Wahab Rizwan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explores the impact of Cu and Ni doping on the structural, wettability, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO thin films. The co-doped thin films, with varying Ni concentrations, were deposited using a spray pyrolysis method onto pre-heated soda lime glass substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred orientation primarily along the (002) plane, while crystallinity decreased with higher Ni concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a compact, adherent structure in all films, with Ni incorporation altering the surface morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified characteristic absorption bands for metal-oxygen bonds. Optical analysis indicated that all thin films exhibited over 88% average transmittance in the visible region, accompanied by a red shift in the optical bandgap. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited a broad emission band in the visible region, indicating intrinsic and extrinsic defects induced by doping. Co-doping transforms the wettability character of ZnO thin films from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Finally, the photodegradation efficiency of the thin films against methylene blue under sunlight significantly increases from 72% to 92% with an increase in Ni concentration.
A new model of the impact of information dissemination with emotional responses on disease transmission in multilayer networks
Authors: Huo Liang’an , Gu Jiafeng , Wu Bingjie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During disease transmission, the dissemination of information about the disease prompts safety concerns among individuals. Individuals’ various emotional responses to information may affect infection prevention measures and, consequently, disease transmission. In this paper, we propose a new coupled information and disease transmission model with emotional factors in multiplex networks. Our specific focus is on the impact of diverse emotional responses on the dynamics process. We employ the Microscopic Markov Chain Approach (MMCA) to analyze the model, and obtaining state transfer equations, and deriving the disease transmission threshold. Extensive numerical simulations show that dissemination of information by relevant authorities motivates individuals to adopt scientific self-protective behaviors, thus helping to control disease transmission. Furthermore, individuals who have different emotional responses after obtaining information have varying effects on disease transmission, and reducing the anxiety response or increasing the calm response of individuals can more effectively decrease the scale of disease transmission and increase the disease transmission threshold. In summary, improving the quality of information released by the emergency management department, reducing the individual’s anxiety response, and encouraging the adoption of positive and effective protective measures are of paramount importance for epidemic prevention and control.
Study on the evolution characteristics of coal mass spalling during coal and gas outbursts
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Chenchen , Li Zeyu , Duan Baoyan , Xia Bin , Liang Dongdong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The process of coal and gas outbursts (called outbursts for short) are commonly accompanied by coal mass spalling and fragmentation, but the formation mechanism of spalling is still unclear. To clarify this mechanism, this research constructs multi-layered combined coal-rock mass model. Based on the stress wave propagation mechanism, it’s found that outbursts initially start from ‘weak layer’. Besides, there are two significant results by analyzing the process of unloading waves formed by sudden pressure relief of the excavation face. Firstly, in the axial direction, due to the internal impact of the coal mass during the unloading wave propagation, the load shock wave is formed. The tensile stress is formed on the surface of the coal mass, resulting in rapid damage to the coal mass and even multi-layered spalling. Secondly, in the radial plane, permanent standing surfaces will be formed when the unloading wave catches up with the plastic load wave. Under effect of the unloading wave, internal impact will occur a series of load shock wave, resulting in the formation of multi-layered spalling in the radial plane. In addition, the attenuation law of the load shock wave generated by the internal impact in multi-layered coal mass is also analyzed, results showed that the thickness of coal mass spalling formed far away from the free surface will increase. Finally, the three-dimensional dynamic damage path and the spindle shape damage area formation mechanism in coal mass under external dynamic load are analyzed, which provides a new idea for elucidating the outbursts mechanism.
The Abrikosov vortex structure revealed through near-field radiative heat exchange
Authors: Castillo-López S G , Macías-Zepeda R , Esquivel-Sirvent R , Pirruccio G , Villarreal C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Abrikosov lattice is a property of type II superconductors in which normal and superconducting carriers coexist and arrange in a regular pattern. Here, we address the question on whether vortex matter, particularly the Abrikosov lattice, influences the local thermal properties of high-temperature superconductors. We find that their optical properties are not only dictated by the order parameter, but also that the near-field radiative heat flux acquires a periodic spatial structure inherited from the Abrikosov lattice. Surprisingly, we predict a radial displacement of the heat flux maxima with respect to the vortexes cores, for temperatures well below the critical one.
Structural, optical, magnetic, and photocatalytic analysis of exclusive metal aluminates against Congo Red dye under UV light
Authors: Ahlawat Rachna , Goswami Bindiya , Jangra Nancy , Mohan Bharti , Rani Gita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The exclusive ZnAl2O4 (ZAO), CaAl2O4 (CAO), and MgAl2O4 (MAO) nanocrystallites were prepared by the citrate sol–gel route and further annealed at 600 °C for 2 h. XRD and Rietveld refinement were conducted to explore the crystal structure and to optimize the profile parameters. FTIR confirmed the vibrational peaks of relevant functional groups. The additional stretching and bending IR modes in MAO sample emphasized structural disorders like antisites/native defects. The UV-DRS spectra of these samples analyzed the direct bandgap in 2.76–4.29 eV range. HR-TEM micrographs characterize the well-developed nanosized grains. From VSM data, several magnetic parameters were collected for prepared aluminates and found MAO as best ferromagnetic material with the highest coercive field value (1235 Oe). PL spectra of metal aluminates suggest that the broad peak in violet-blue is attributed to the band edge emission, and finite peaks in higher wavelength regions have appeared due to the large density of surface traps and oxygen vacancies. The photocatalytic mechanism of ZAO, MAO & CAO nanopowder was elucidated on the Congo Red dye (10–70 ppm) solution after exposure to UV light. The highest value of rate constant (k = 0.0118 min−1) suggests that the MAO (0.3 g l−1) sample would be an efficient photocatalyst (98%) under UV light owing to its large surface area (125 m2 g−1) and suitable bandgap. The overall results advocate the practical applicability of aluminate photocatalysts in water treatment, spintronics, and photonics.