bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ética na pesquisa social: novos impasses burocráticos e paroquiais
Authors: Zaluar Alba 
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa o conflito entre as áreas biomédicas e de ciências huma- nas para constituir comitês de ética na pesquisa e suas normas. Por recu- sar que pesquisas na sua área ficassem subordinadas à lógica biomédica, o Grupo de Trabalho da Resolução sobre Pesquisas em Ciências Humanas e Sociais (GT-CHS) propôs diferentes formas de consentimento livre e es- clarecido, conforme a autonomia do sujeito pesquisado, e listou casos em que o consentimento ou o seu registro não se faziam necessários. Todas as sugestões foram recusadas pela Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep) porque não caberia ao GT criar normas, mas complementar a re- solução já aprovada. Essa recusa é discutida segundo: a discrepância en- tre pesquisas em seres humanos e com seres humanos; a distinção entre a intervenção médica no corpo de um indivíduo e o caráter interacional da pesquisa social, e seus díspares agravos; a diferença entre a filosofia individualista da intimidade e a filosofia relacional e coletiva; os efeitos de poder do conflito de interesses entre a Conep e do GT CHS – interesses paroquiais, mais do que públicos.
A ética em pesquisa com seres humanos: desafios e novas questões
Authors: Grisotti Márcia 
Published: April 2016

Nesse artigo, procura-se analisar os desafios e novas questões origina- das na aplicação, em ciências humanas e sociais, dos dispositivos de regulação ética na pesquisa com seres humanos. Em primeiro lugar, problematiza-se a universalidade do termo ‘ética’ e suas consequên- cias para a pesquisa; em segundo, contextualiza-se o debate sobre os processos sob os quais a ciência constrói os objetos do conhecimento e ressaltam-se os fatores internos e externos envolvidos na produção dos fatos científicos, tanto no momento de sua descoberta quanto no de sua justificação, aos quais se aplicam os procedimentos éticos; em terceiro, exploram-se, através de algumas experiências de pesquisas em ciências sociais, os limites e os impasses para seguir o protocolo tal como concebido pela Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep)
A CANOA MONÓXILA PRÉ-HISTÓRICA DA LAGOA DE EXTREMOZ, RN, BRASIL
Authors: Rios Carlos , Lavalle Henry , Lins Marcelo , Santos Junior Valdeci 
Published: April 2016

Canoa monóxila é o nome dado às embarcações primitivas ou remanescentes confeccionadas com um único tronco de árvore. Elas são encontradas em quase todos os continentes. Dos anos 1990 em diante, quatro canoas monóxilas foram encontradas na Lagoa de Extremoz, RN, Brasil. O Departamento de Arqueologia da UFPE efetuou o levantamento planimétrico e imagético delas e as submeteu à datação pela técnica do Carbono 14. O resultado das análises apontou que uma das canoas é do período Pré-histórico (700 ± 30 BP). O presente trabalho classifica, morfologicamente, essa canoa segundo a tipologia de Arnold, descreve detalhes construtivos navais e suas relações com o ambiente aquático, bem como se reveste de importância como possível referencial cronológico para a mais antiga canoa indígena pré-histórica de águas abrigadas do Brasil. ABSTRACTDugout canoe is the name given to primitive or remaining canoes made from a single tree trunk. They are found in almost every continent. 1990`s onwards four canoes were found in Extremoz Lagoon, RN, Brazil. The Department of Archaeology at the UFPE made the planimetric and imagetic studding them and underwent dating by the technique of C-14. The results of the analysis showed that one of the canoes is the prehistoric period (700 ± 30 BP). This paper classifies morphologically this artifact according to Arnold typology, describes naval construction details and their relationships with the aquatic environment and its importance as a possible chronological reference as the oldest prehistoric Indian canoe in sheltered waters in Brazil.Keywords: Dugout canoe; dating; Extremoz - RN.
ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE INDICADORES BIOARQUEOLÓGICOS DE PRÁTICAS MORTUÁRIAS COMPLEXAS EM ESQUELETO HUMANO COLETADO NO ABRIGO PEDRA DO CACHORRO, BUÍQUE, PE
Authors: Solari Ana , Silva Sergio Francisco Serafim Monteiro da , Di Mello Sabrina 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados sobre a observação macroscópica de indicadores bioarqueológicos das práticas mortuárias complexas, em um esqueleto humano que foi coletado assistematicamente no abrigo Pedra do Cachorro, Buíque - PE e encaminhado pelo Iphan-PE ao Departamento de Arqueologia da UFPE. Durante a análise laboratorial, foram identificadas marcas perimortem de manipulação intencional — cortes, fraturas e golpes — potencialmente vinculadas por exemplo a contextos funerários ou extra-funerários relacionados ao canibalismo, práticas de sepultamento secundário com descarnamento ativo ou redução do cadáver ou morte violenta. Essas práticas foram sugeridas como hipóteses preliminares, até que sejam realizadas escavações arqueológicas sistemáticas no local e recuperadas informações sobre o contexto arqueológico da deposição mortuária em estudo. ABSTRACTA human skeleton that was emerging in surface of Pedra do Cachorro, Buíque - PE rock shelter, was recovered in nonsystematic way and for intervention of Iphan-PE was sent to custody to the Department of Archaeology at UFPE. A bioarchaeological analysis showed the presence of several perimortem marks of intentional manipulation (cuts, fractures and blows) potentially linked to a series of complex mortuary practices (cannibalism, secondary burial practices with active defleshing, violent death), suggested as preliminary hypotheses to be tested, until doing systematic excavations at the site.Keywords: Bioarchaeology; complex mortuary practices; Pedra do Cachorro; Pernambuco.
Limited Irrigation of Corn‐Based No‐Till Crop Rotations in West Central Great Plains
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Assefa Yared , Dumler Troy J. , Haag Lucas A. , Stone Loyd R. , Halvorson Ardell D. , Thompson Curtis R. 
Published: April 2016

Identifying the most profitable crop rotation for an area is a continuous research challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐yr limited irrigation corn (Zea mays L.)‐based crop rotations for grain yield, available soil water, crop water productivity, and profitability in comparison with 1 yr continuous corn (CC). A field study was conducted from 2001 through 2010 on a deep silt loam soil near Tribune, KS. The study consisted of four crop rotations, that is, CC, corn–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (C–W), corn–winter wheat–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) (C–W–Gs), and corn–winter wheat–grain–sorghum–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–W–Gs–Sb) with irrigation limited to 254 mm annually. Grain yield of corn from the CC rotation was significantly lower, on average by 2.5 Mg ha−1, than corn yield from the other three rotations mainly due to difference in irrigation level. However, the mean yield of CC over one cycle of rotation [∼10.2 Mg (ha rotation‐cycle)−1] was significantly greater than mean corn equivalent grain yield of the other three rotations over one cycle of each rotation. Seasonal soil water usage from upper depths of the soil profile was significantly greater for CC. In this study, average crop water productivity [16.6 kg (mm ha)−1] and profitability of the CC rotation were also greater than in the other rotations. In selecting profitable rotations, producers should consider crop yield potential and value in addition to resilience.Core Ideas

This research compares four corn‐based rotations from yield, resource use, and impact on environment which are crucial to cropping decision and consulting
Second it addresses an area of limited water irrigation condition in which research outputs are rare. Dryland and irrigated conditions are relatively well covered, but cropping decision when there is resource which is more than dryland but less than full irrigation is not well addressed. This research result contributes to that.
Third, this research is based on long‐term data that address yield of major crops (corn, wheat, sorghum, and soybean) and water use of these crops at every 30 cm of rooting depth. This information will continuously be used by researchers looking for such a data for modeling and other purposes.
Path Analyses of Grain P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in a Biosolids‐Amended Dryland Wheat Agroecosystem
Authors: Barbarick Kenneth A. , Ippolito James A. , McDaniel Jacob P. 
Published: April 2016

Land application of biosolids is an effective means of recycling plant nutrients and is the primary method of biosolids reuse endorsed by the USEPA. One issue concerning biosolids application is the extent of the contribution of biosolids‐borne plant nutrients to the overall crop concentration and uptake or removal of these nutrients. We studied the effects of biosolids application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni concentrations and uptake (removal) at two dryland agroecosystem sites from 1993 to 2014. We hypothesized that biosolids would have the greatest impact on wheat grain and uptake compared with ammonium bicarbonate–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB‐DTPA)‐extractable nutrient levels, soil pH, or soil organic C concentrations. We used path analyses in combination with multiple linear regression to differentiate the direct, indirect, and total effects of cumulative biosolids applications, soil AB‐DTPA, soil pH, and organic C. Biosolids rates, applied biennially from 1993 to 2014 at the beginning of a wheat–fallow rotation, were 0, 2.24, 4.48, 6.72, 8.96, and 11.2 Mg ha−1. None of the parameters had significant direct, indirect, or total effects on grain concentrations. Biosolids applications had the greatest positive direct impact compared with AB‐DTPA levels, soil pH, or soil organic C on P, Zn, Fe, and Ni uptake (removal), whereas AB‐DTPA had the greatest positive direct impact on Cu uptake. Soil AB‐DTPA, pH, and organic C directly affected some grain concentrations and cumulative uptake, but no consistent trends were noted. This pathway approach allowed differentiation between causation and simple correlation for the effects of cumulative biosolids applications on wheat P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni cumulative uptake but did not provide these same results for grain concentrations.Core Ideas
Path analysis identifies nutrient source in biosolids‐amended winter wheat.
Cumulative biosolids applications affect P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni grain removal.
Cumulative biosolids applications did not affect P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni grain concentrations.
Opening Up a Dialogue about the Boy Code
Authors: Kokozos Michael , Gross Nora 
Published: April 2016

Deirdre Fishel (dir). 2012. The Boy Game. [videorecording]. [Harriman, NY]: New Day Films. Mind’s Eye Productions. 16 min.Steven Brion-Meisels and Maura Clarke. The Boy Game: A Look at Bullying Through the Lens of Masculine Gender Norms. A Study Guide to Accompany the Film. N.d., PDF, 65 pp.
Effect of molding helmets on intracranial pressure and head shape in nonsurgically treated sagittal craniosynostosis patients
Authors: Marupudi Neena I. , Sood Sandeep , Rozzelle Arlene , Ham Steven D. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Cranial vault expansion is performed in pediatric patients with craniosynostosis to improve head shape. Another argument for performing total cranial vault reconstruction is the potential reduction in the harmful effects of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) that are associated with craniosynostosis. Alternatively, molding helmets have been shown to improve the cranial index (CI) in patients with sagittal synostosis without surgery. However, it is unknown if the use of molding helmets without surgery contributes to adverse changes in ICP. The effect of molding helmets on ICP and CI in patients with sagittal synostosis was investigated.

METHODS
A prospective cohort study of 24 pediatric patients with sagittal synostosis who planned to undergo total cranial reconstruction was performed from 2011 to 2014 at the Children's Hospital of Michigan. A preoperative molding helmet was used in 13 patients, and no molding helmet was used in 11 patients. End-tidal carbon dioxide, patient positioning, level of sedation, type of anesthetic, and the monitoring site at the time of intraoperative recording were regulated and standardized to establish the accuracy of the ICP readings. CI and head circumference were monitored for each patient.

RESULTS
The mean duration of the preoperative use of the molding helmet was 17 weeks (range 7–37 weeks). Under controlled settings, the average intraoperative ICP was 7.2 mm Hg (range 2–18 mm Hg) for patients treated with a preoperative molding helmet and 9.5 mm Hg (range 2–22 mm Hg) for patients with no preoperative molding helmet. ICP was not significantly different between the 2 groups, suggesting that the use of a molding helmet in this population is safe. The average CI at the time of helmet placement was 0.70 (range 0.67–0.73), and this improved to an average of 0.74 (range 0.69–0.79) after using the molding helmet for a mean of 17 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS
ICPs were not significantly different with the use of a preoperative molding helmet, refuting the prevailing thought that molding helmets would be detrimental in children who have craniosynostosis. The use of molding helmet in this population of patients improves head shape and does not adversely affect ICP.
Multicenter retrospective evaluation of the validity of the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score system in children
Authors: Sellin Jonathan N. , Steele William J. , Simpson Lauren , Huff Wei X. , Lane Brandon C. , Chern Joshua J. , Fulkerson Daniel H. , Sayama Christina M. , Jea Andrew 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) system was developed to streamline injury assessment and guide surgical decision making. To the best of the authors' knowledge, external validation in the pediatric age group has not been undertaken prior to this report.

METHODS
This study evaluated the use of the TLICS in a large retrospective series of children and adolescents treated at 4 pediatric medical centers (Texas Children's Hospital, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Riley Children's Hospital, and Doernbecher Children's Hospital). A total of 147 patients treated for traumatic thoracic or lumbar spine trauma between February 1, 2002, and September 1, 2015, were included in this study. Clinical and radiographic data were evaluated. Injuries were classified using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) status, Denis classification, and TLICS.

RESULTS
A total of 102 patients (69%) were treated conservatively, and 45 patients (31%) were treated surgically. All patients but one in the conservative group were classified as ASIA E. In this group, 86/102 patients (84%) had Denis type compression injuries. The TLICS in the conservative group ranged from 1 to 10 (mean 1.6). Overall, 93% of patients matched TLICS conservative treatment recommendations (score ≤ 3). No patients crossed over to the surgical group in delayed fashion.
In the surgical group, 26/45 (58%) were ASIA E, whereas 19/45 (42%) had neurological deficits (ASIA A, B, C, or D). One of 45 (2%) patients was classified with Denis type compression injuries; 25/45 (56%) were classified with Denis type burst injuries; 14/45 (31%) were classified with Denis type seat belt injuries; and 5/45 (11%) were classified with Denis type fracture-dislocation injuries. The TLICS ranged from 2 to 10 (mean 6.4). Eighty-two percent of patients matched TLICS surgical treatment recommendations (score ≥ 5). No patients crossed over to the conservative management group. Eight patients (8/147, 5%) had a calculated TLICS of 4, which meant they were candidates for surgery or conservative therapy by TLICS criteria. Excluding these patients, the degree of agreement between TLICS and surgeon decision was deemed to be very good (κ = 0.878).

CONCLUSIONS
The TLICS results and recommendations matched treatment in 96% of conservative group cases. In the surgical group, TLICS recommendations matched treatment in 93% of cases. The TLICS recommendations and surgeon decision making displayed very good concordance. The TLICS appears to be effective in the classification of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries and in guiding treatment in the pediatric age group.
Spinal Adverse Events Severity System, version 2 (SAVES-V2): inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment
Authors: Rampersaud Y. Raja , Anderson Paul A. , Dimar John R. , Fisher Charles G. , _ _ 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Reporting of adverse events (AEs) in spinal surgery uses inconsistent definitions and severity grading, making it difficult to compare results between studies. The Spinal Adverse Events Severity System, version 2 (SAVES-V2) aims to standardize the classification of spine surgery AEs; however, its inter- and intraobserver reliability are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess inter- and intraobserver reliability of the SAVES-V2 grading system for assessing AEs in spinal surgery.

METHODS
Two multinational, multicenter surgical study groups assessed surgical case vignettes (10 trauma and 12 degenerative cases) for AE occurrence by using SAVES-V2. Thirty-four members of the Spine Trauma Study Group (STSG) and 17 members of the Degenerative Spine Study Group (DSSG) participated in the first round of case vignettes. Six months later, the same case vignettes were randomly reorganized and presented in an otherwise identical manner. Inter- and intraobserver agreement on the presence, severity, number, and type of AE, as well as the impact of the AE on length of stay (LOS) were assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC), Cohen's kappa value, and the percentage of participants in agreement.

RESULTS
Agreement on the presence of AEs ranged from 97% to 100% in the 2 groups. Severity classification showed substantial interobserver (ICC = 0.75 for both groups) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.70 in DSSG, 0.71 in STSG) agreement. Judgments on the number of AEs showed high interobserver agreement and moderate intraobserver agreement in both groups. Both the STSG and DSSG had high intraobserver agreement on the type of AE; interobserver agreement for AE type was high in the STSG and fair in the DSSG. Agreement on impact of the AE on LOS was excellent in the DSSG and fair in the STSG.

CONCLUSIONS
There was good agreement on the presence, severity, and number of AEs in both trauma and degenerative cases in using the SAVES-V2. This grading system is a simple, reliable tool for identifying and capturing AEs in spinal surgery.
Mener une recherche en partenariat avec les acteurs sociaux, économiques et politiques
Authors: Petitpierre Geneviève , Scelles Régine , Bungener Martine , Detraux Jean-Jacques , Tremblay Mireille 
Published: April 2016

Les chercheurs dans le champ du « handicap » sont de plus en plus sollicités par des acteurs sociaux, économiques et politiques qui souhaitent faire de la recherche pour répondre aux questions qu’ils se posent. Cet article coécrit par des chercheurs de trois pays différents vise à faire un état des lieux de ces pratiques de recherche en soulignant les prérequis en matière de formation à la recherche et de méthodologie qu’elles nécessitent. Il propose des pistes pour faire en sorte que ces recherches soient menées scientifiquement dans des conditions de collaboration qui doivent se construire avant le début de l’étude.
Chapitre 6. Les formes de délibération impliquées dans le domaine de la bioéthique : la délibération technique et la délibération éthique
Authors: Neves Pinto Gerson 
Published: April 2016

Dans cet article l’auteur étudie la formulation du problème des nouvelles technologies avec leurs limites éthiques et juridiques. Pour ce faire, dans un premier abord il s’agit d’évaluer les contributions des deux plus importants philosophes contemporains qui ont traité ce sujet: Jürgen Habermas et Ronald Dworkin, tout en essayant de les mettre en dialogue avec celui qui a été l’un des fondateurs de l’éthique classique: Aristote. Ensuite, on essaie de répondre à la question de savoir comment pourrions-nous comprendre cette notion que Dworkin nome « dislocation morale » entre le hasard et le choix ou bien, comme le nomme Habermas, « l’extension de la contingence ». Finalement, on interroge comment la distinction aristotelienne entre la déliberation technique et la déliberation éthico-morale peut contribuer à une meilleur comprehension des questions portant sur les décisions et les choix que devront faire les agents moraux (comme les patients ou les juges), ainsi que celles portant sur le type de déliberation technique choisies par le médecin ou par le professionnel sanitaire.
Invited review: Fluctuation-induced transport. From the very small to the very large scales
Authors: Suárez G. P. , Hoyuelos Miguel , Chialvo Dante R. 
Published: April 2016

The study of fluctuation-induced transport is concerned with the directed motion of particles on a substrate when subjected to a fluctuating external field. Work over the last two decades provides now precise clues on how the average transport depends on three fundamental aspects: the shape of the substrate, the correlations of the fluctuations and the mass, geometry, interaction and density of the particles. These three aspects, reviewed here, acquire additional relevance because the same notions apply to a bewildering variety of problems at very different scales, from the small nano or micro-scale, where thermal fluctuations effects dominate, up to very large scales including ubiquitous cooperative phenomena in granular materials. Received: 30 October 2015, Accepted: 4 February 2016; Edited by: G. Martínez Mekler; Reviewed by: J. Mateos, Departamento de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.080004Cite as: G P Suárez, M Hoyuelos, D R Chialvo, Papers in Physics 8, 080004 (2016)This paper, by G P Suárez, M Hoyuelos, D R Chialvo, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Wandel und Variation in der Morphosyntax der schweizerdeutschen Dialekte
Authors: Glaser Elvira 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Syntactic Variation and change in Swiss German dialects

The article deals with the areal distribution of morphosyntactic variants in Swiss German dialects. The Zurich project “Syntaktischer Atlas der deutschen Schweiz” (SADS) has provided a lot of evidence for the existence of syntactic isoglosses within the German-speaking regions of Switzerland. In the following, we will discuss several types of variant distribution. There are syntactic variables showing a division of Western and Eastern Swiss German dialects, a division well known from phonology and lexis. In addition, we find few archaic variants restricted to southern Highest Alemannic, again in line with other linguistic levels. Most interesting are some variants showing up in quite small – and differing – regions. These regions usually do not only show these specific variants but variation with a more common variant. This leads to a discussion of the implications of variation. Variation is not only seen as an indication of an ongoing change, but it is argued that there is evidence for a long lasting variational situation and largely stable variation respectively. Several possible types of comparison with older data and between age groups (apparent time analysis) within the data are presented. There are relatively few cases where we can show larger shifts between two regional variants and there seem to be only some rare cases of syntactic influence by Standard German introducing new variants. With respect to the old question of morphosyntactic borrowing, Swiss German dialects show cases of resistance as well as cases of interference, the latter concerning loan translation and semantic adaptation if the structure favors it.