bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploration and Investigation of Edible Insect Consumption: The Impacts of Image and Description on Risk Perceptions and Purchase Intent
Authors: Baker Melissa A. , Shin Jungyoung Tiffany , Kim Young Wook 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTAs a result of the dramatic increase in global population, food waste, and unsustainable practices, the United Nations urges the promotion of edible insects as an alternative food source. However, edible insects are perceived as an unappealing, disgusting food source despite the nutritional and sustainable advantages, especially among Westerners. Therefore, research is needed to bridge the gap between the call for examining alternative food sources and the marketing initiatives to improve purchasing behavior. This research draws upon information processing and risk perception theories to investigate reducing consumers’ negative perceptions toward edible insect food products. The first study examines the effect of image and description in a retail setting while the second study examines a restaurant setting. Results find that in retail settings image was the most significant in reducing perceptions of risk while in the restaurant setting menu description was most important. In addition, vague descriptions were more preferable to explicit descriptions in minimizing risk and increasing purchase intention. Finally, the research provides meaningful implications for the marketers who endeavor to promote alternative food products as well as any products that involve negative and unfamiliar perceptions.
How Hand Proximity Impacts Consumer Responses to a Persuasive Communication
Authors: Coulter Keith S. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis research examines the impact of hand proximity (i.e., proximal or distal) on how consumers process the information contained in an advertisement or on a product Web site. Four studies demonstrate that when hands are proximal to that information (e.g., when using a mobile device to view the information), there is more detail‐oriented processing that results in greater attribute recall and a greater amount of attribute‐related thoughts. When hands are distal to that information (e.g., when using a desktop to view the ad or product Web site), there is more holistic, conceptually oriented processing that results in greater thematic recall and more thoughts about the theme. This research also demonstrates that hand proximity can differentially impact choice and product evaluations. Specifically, when hands are proximal consumers prefer ads communicating detailed product information; when hands are distal consumers prefer ads that focus on a theme. Hand proximity effects are driven by the innate tendency to manipulate or inspect an item. The research has important practical implications, given the ubiquity of both hand‐held devices and computers.
The tetrahedral finite cell method: Higher‐order immersogeometric analysis on adaptive non‐boundary‐fitted meshes
Authors: Varduhn Vasco , Hsu Ming‐Chen , Ruess Martin , Schillinger Dominik 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe finite cell method (FCM) is an immersed domain finite element method that combines higher‐order non‐boundary‐fitted meshes, weak enforcement of Dirichlet boundary conditions, and adaptive quadrature based on recursive subdivision. Because of its ability to improve the geometric resolution of intersected elements, it can be characterized as an immersogeometric method. In this paper, we extend the FCM, so far only used with Cartesian hexahedral elements, to higher‐order non‐boundary‐fitted tetrahedral meshes, based on a reformulation of the octree‐based subdivision algorithm for tetrahedral elements. We show that the resulting TetFCM scheme is fully accurate in an immersogeometric sense, that is, the solution fields achieve optimal and exponential rates of convergence for h‐refinement and p‐refinement, if the immersed geometry is resolved with sufficient accuracy. TetFCM can leverage the natural ability of tetrahedral elements for local mesh refinement in three dimensions. Its suitability for problems with sharp gradients and highly localized features is illustrated by the immersogeometric phase‐field fracture analysis of a human femur bone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Testing and Post‐Testing Decision Making among BRCA‐Positive Mutation Women: A Psychosocial Approach
Authors: Hesse‐Biber Sharlene , An Chen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThrough an analysis of an online survey of women who tested positive for the BRCA genetic mutation for breast cancer, this research uses a social constructionist and feminist standpoint lens to understand the decision‐making process that leads BRCA‐positive women to choose genetic testing. Additionally, this research examines how they socially construct and understand their risk for developing breast cancer, as well as which treatment options they undergo post‐testing. BRCA‐positive women re‐frame their statistical medical risk for developing cancer and their post‐testing treatment choices through a broad psychosocial context of engagement that also includes their social networks. Important psychosocial factors drive women's medical decisions, such as individual feelings of guilt and vulnerability, and the degree of perceived social support. Women who felt guilty and fearful that they might pass the BRCA gene to their children were more likely to undergo risk reducing surgery. Women with at least one daughter and women without children were more inclined toward the risk reducing surgery compared to those with only sons. These psychosocial factors and social network engagements serve as a “nexus of decision making” that does not, for the most part, mirror the medical assessments of statistical odds for hereditary cancer development, nor the specific treatment protocols outlined by the medical establishment.
Off‐treatment efficacy of 3‐year nucleos(t)ide analogues in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Lin Ching‐Chung , Bair Ming‐Jong , Chen Chih‐Jen , Lee Keng‐Han , Chen Ming‐Jen , Liu Chia‐Yuan , Chang Chen‐Wang , Hu Kuang‐Chun , Liou Tai‐Cherng , Lin Shee‐Chan , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Chu Cheng‐Hsin , Shih Shou‐Chuan , Wang Tsang‐En 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLamivudine, telbivudine, and entecavir are the first‐line drugs covered by the Taiwan National Health Insurance as 3‐year treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), but the optimal treatment duration of each remains unclear. We aimed to detect HBV treatment‐cessation durability, and compare the predictors in patients with and without clinical relapse. In this retrospective cohort study, 210 patients with chronic HBV who tested hepatitis B e‐antigen positive or hepatitis B e‐antigen negative were treated for 3 years with a nucleos(t)ide analogue. Of these, 102 patients continued therapy after 3 years, while 88 patients stopped treatment and were followed for 1 year due to financial difficulties. Efficacy was assessed in terms of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level normalization, HBV DNA clearance, virus breakthrough, clinical relapse, and liver decompensation. The durability predictors were evaluated by host factors, HBV DNA, and drug differences. Eighty patients (14 on lamivudine, 19 on telbivudine, and 47 on entecavir) were recruited. There was no difference in clinical‐relapse rate among lamivudine, telbivudine, and entecavir (35.7% vs. 36.8% vs. 31.9%, respectively; p = 0.916), and liver decompensated hepatitis was absent. In baseline clinical characteristics, there were no differences between the clinical‐relapse and nonrelapse groups in age, sex, cirrhosis, prior treatment, HBV DNA, pretreatment ALT, or hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg). The mean 3rd year serum ALT level differed significantly between clinical‐relapse and nonrelapse patients (37.5 U/L vs. 27.7 U/L, respectively; p = 0.044). The 3‐year nucleos(t)ide analogue off‐treatment in patients with chronic HBV delivered according to the Taiwan National Health Insurance guidelines had an overall 33.8% 1‐year clinical‐relapse rate without any decompensated hepatitis flare‐ups.
Desflurane reinforces the efficacy of propofol target‐controlled infusion in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Chen Po‐Nien , Lu I‐Cheng , Chen Hui‐Ming , Cheng Kuang‐I , Tseng Kuang‐Yi , Lee King‐Teh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhether low‐concentration desflurane reinforces propofol‐based intravenous anesthesia on maintenance of anesthesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol‐based anesthesia adding low‐concentration desflurane is feasible for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fifty‐two patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in the prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Induction of anesthesia was achieved in all patients with fentanyl 2 μg/kg, lidocaine 1 mg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, and rocuronium 0.8 mg/kg to facilitate tracheal intubation and to initiate propofol target‐controlled infusion (TCI) to effect site concentration (Ce: 4 μg/mL with infusion rate 400 mL/h). The patients were then allocated into either propofol TCI based (group P) or propofol TCI adding low‐concentration desflurane (group PD) for maintenance of anesthesia. The peri‐anesthesia hemodynamic responses to stimuli were measured. The perioperative psychomotor test included p‐deletion test, minus calculation, orientation, and alert/sedation scales. Group PD showed stable hemodynamic responses at CO2 inflation, initial 15 minutes of operation, and recovery from general anesthesia as compared with group P. There is no significant difference between the groups in operation time and anesthesia time, perioperative psychomotor functional tests, postoperative vomiting, and pain score. Based on our findings, the anesthetic technique combination propofol and desflurane for the maintenance of general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy provided more stable hemodynamic responses than propofol alone. The combined regimen is recommended for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Serial Quantitative Computed Tomography Perfusion in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Lum Cheemun , Hogan Matthew J. , Sinclair John , English Shane , Lesiuk Howard , Shankar Jai , Ayoub Hala 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurpose: Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) has been performed to predict which patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are at risk of developing delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Patients with severe arterial narrowing may have significant reduction in perfusion. However, many patients have less severe arterial narrowing. There is a paucity of literature evaluating perfusion changes which occur with mild to moderate narrowing. The purpose of our study was to investigate serial whole-brain CTP/computed tomography angiography in aneurysm-related subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients with mild to moderate angiographic narrowing. Methods: We retrospectively studied 18 aSAH patients who had baseline and follow-up whole-brain CTP/computed tomography angiography. Thirty-one regions of interest/hemisphere at six levels were grouped by vascular territory. Arterial diameters were measured at the circle of Willis. The correlation between arterial diameter and change in CTP values, change in CTP in with and without DCI, and response to intra-arterial vasodilator therapy in DCI patients was evaluated. Results: There was correlation among the overall average cerebral blood flow (CBF; R=0.49, p<0.04), mean transit time (R=–0.48, p=0.04), and angiographic narrowing. In individual arterial territories, there was correlation between changes in CBF and arterial diameter in the middle cerebral artery (R=0.53, p=0.03), posterior cerebral artery (R=0.5, p=0.03), and anterior cerebral artery (R=0.54, p=0.02) territories. Prolonged mean transit time was correlated with arterial diameter narrowing in the middle cerebral artery territory (R=0.52, p=0.03). Patients with DCI tended to have serial worsening of CBF compared with those without DCI (p=0.055). Conclusions: Our preliminary study demonstrates there is a correlation between mild to moderate angiographic narrowing and serial changes in perfusion in patients with aSAH. Patients developing DCI tended to have progressively worsening CBF compared with those not developing DCI.
Fish oil supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affects the insulin-like growth factor axis in a sex-specific manner in Danish infants
Authors: Damsgaard Camilla T. , Harsløf Laurine B. S. , Andersen Anders D. , Hellgren Lars I. , Michaelsen Kim F. , Lauritzen Lotte 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the effects of fish oil (FO) on infant growth, but little is known about the effects of FO and sex on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the main regulator of growth in childhood. We explored whether FOv. sunflower oil (SO) supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affected IGF-1 and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and whether the potential effects were sex specific. Danish infants (n115) were randomly allocated to 5 ml/d FO (1·2 g/dn-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA)) or SO. We measured growth, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and erythrocyte EPA, a biomarker ofn-3 LCPUFA intake and status, at 9 and 18 months. Erythrocyte EPA increased strongly with FO compared with SO (P<0·001). There were no effects of FO compared with SO on IGF-1 in the total population, but a sex×group interaction (P=0·02). Baseline-adjusted IGF-1 at 18 months was 11·1 µg/l (95 % CI 0·4, 21·8;P=0·04) higher after FO compared with SO supplementation among boys only. The sex×group interaction was borderline significant in the model of IGFBP-3 (P=0·09), with lower IGFBP-3 with FO compared with SO among girls only (P=0·03). The results were supported by sex-specific dose–response associations between changes in erythrocyte EPA and changes in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 (bothP<0·03). Moreover, IGF-1 was sex specifically associated with BMI and length. In conclusion, FO compared with SO resulted in higher IGF-1 among boys and lower IGFBP-3 among girls. The potential long-term implications for growth and body composition should be investigated further.
Sympathy for the environment predicts green consumerism but not more important environmental behaviours related to domestic energy use
Authors: CHEN XIAODONG , DE LA ROSA JENNIFER , PETERSON M. NILS , ZHONG YING , LU CHUNTIAN 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYHousehold consumption is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Some behaviours (for example energy use and vehicle use) may have far larger impacts than others (for example green consumerism of household products). Here, the driving forces of green consumerism and two domestic energy uses (electricity consumption and vehicle fuel use) are compared. This study found that environmental attitudes predicted green consumerism, but not electricity consumption or vehicle fuel use. Furthermore, green consumerism was correlated with income and individual level demographic factors, while energy consumption was primarily predicted by household size and structural constraints. Because household energy consumption has greater environmental impacts than green consumerism, policies that aim to improve pro-environmental attitudes may not be effective in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Policies should rather aim to change structural constraints influencing transportation and household energy decisions and improve the conspicuousness of household energy consumption.
Norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak transmitted by food and vomit in a high school
Authors: GODOY P. , ALSEDÀ M. , BARTOLOMÉ R. , CLAVERÍA D. , MÓDOL I. , BACH P. , MIRADA G. , DOMÍNGUEZ À. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYWe investigated an outbreak of norovirus that affected students and teachers of a high school in Lleida, Spain through various transmission mechanisms. A case-control epidemiological study of the risk of disease and the relative importance of each mode of transmission was carried out. Cases and controls were selected from a systematic sample of students and teachers present at the school on 28 January. Faecal samples were taken from three food handlers and 16 cases. The influence of each factor was studied using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and the estimated population attributable risk (ePAR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We interviewed 210 people (42 cases, 168 controls). The proportion of symptoms in these individuals was nausea 78·6%, vomiting 59·5%, diarrhoea 45·2%, and fever 19·0%. The epidemic curve showed transmission for at least 4 days. The risk of disease was associated with exposure to food (aOR 5·8) in 66·1% of cases and vomit (aOR 4·7) in 24·8% of cases. Faecal samples from 11 patients and two food handlers were positive for norovirus GII.12 g. Vomit may co-exist with other modes of transmission in norovirus outbreaks and could explain a large number of cases.
Effectiveness of a programme to reduce the burden of catheter-related bloodstream infections in a tertiary hospital
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-MOREL H. R. , SANCHEZ-PAYÁ J. , GARCÍA-SHIMIZU P. , MENDOZA-GARCÍA J. L. , TENZA-IGLESIAS I. , RODRÍGUEZ-DÍAZ J. C. , MERINO-DE-LUCAS E. , NOLASCO A. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR BSI) reduction programme and healthcare workers' compliance with recommendations. A 3-year surveillance programme of CR BSIs in all hospital settings was implemented. As part of the programme, there was a direct observation of insertion and maintenance of central venous catheters (CVCs) to determine performance. A total of 38 education courses were held over the study period and feedback reports with the results of surveillance and recommendations were delivered to healthcare workers every 6 months. A total of 6722 short-term CVCs were inserted in 4982 patients for 58 763 catheter-days. Improvements of compliance with hand hygiene was verified at the insertion (87·1–100%, P < 0·001) and maintenance (51·1–72·1%, P = 0·029) of CVCs; and the use of chlorhexidine for skin disinfection was implemented at insertion (35·7–65·4%, P < 0·001) and maintenance (33·3–45·9%, P < 0·197) of CVCs. There were 266 CR BSI incidents recorded with an annual incidence density of 5·75/1000 catheter-days in the first year, 4·38 in the second year [rate ratio (RR) 0·76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·57–1·01] and 3·46 in the third year (RR 0·60, 95% CI 0·44–0·81). The education programme clearly improved compliance with recommendations for CVC handling, and was effective in reducing the burden of CR BSIs.
Automatic generation of short answer questions for reading comprehension assessment
Authors: HUANG YAN , HE LIANZHEN 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWriting items for reading comprehension assessment is time-consuming. Automating part of the process can help test-designers to develop assessments more efficiently and consistently. This paper presents an approach to automatically generating short answer questions for reading comprehension assessment. Our major contribution is to introduce Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) as the linguistic framework for question generation, which enables systematic utilization of semantic and syntactic information. The approach can efficiently generate questions of better quality than previous high-performing question generation systems, and uses paraphrasing and sentence selection to improve the cognitive complexity and effectiveness of questions.
Autofocus by Bayes Spectral Entropy Applied to Optical Microscopy
Authors: Podlech Steffen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study introduces a passive autofocus method based on image analysis calculating the Bayes spectral entropy (BSE). The method is applied to optical microscopy and together with the specific construction of the opto-mechanical unit, it allows the analysis of large samples with complicated surfaces without subsampling. This paper will provide a short overview of the relevant theory of calculating the normalized discrete cosine transform when analyzing obtained images, in order to find the BSE measure. Furthermore, it will be shown that the BSE measure is a strong indicator, helping to determine the focal position of the optical microscope. To demonstrate the strength and robustness of the microscope system, tests have been performed using a 1951 USAF test pattern resolution chart determining the in focus position of the microscope. Finally, this method and the optical microscope system is applied to analyze an optical grating (100 lines/mm) demonstrating the detection of the focal position. The paper concludes with an outlook of potential applications of the presented system within quality control and surface analysis.
Circumvention and Anti-Circumvention: Rising Protectionism in Australia
Authors: ZHOU WEIHUAN 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe article discusses circumvention and anti-circumvention in international trade with a focus on Australia's anti-circumvention mechanism and in particular the first anti-circumvention investigation in Australia. It identifies the major issues relating to circumvention and anti-circumvention in the GATT/WTO negotiations which have led to the failure of WTO members to conclude uniform rules on anti-circumvention. The article argues that multilateral anti-circumvention rules are necessary to standardize national anti-circumvention laws and practice and discipline unilateral use of anti-circumvention measures. The article further argues that Australia's anti-circumvention law and practice, as reflected in its first anti-circumvention investigation, may have violated WTO rules and is likely to lead to increasing protectionism to cost of WTO members and Australia's FTA trading partners. Australia's unjustified use of anti-circumvention measures is unlikely to foster the development of its import-competing industries and may provoke retaliation by other countries.
Andrew C. Revkin Receives 2015 Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2016

Andrew C. Revkin received the 2015 Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2015 in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes "a journalist or team of journalists who have made significant, lasting, and consistent contributions to accurate reporting on the Earth and space sciences for the general public."
Coordinated activation of distinct Ca2+ sources and metabotropic glutamate receptors encodes Hebbian synaptic plasticity
Authors: Tigaret Cezar M. , Olivo Valeria , Sadowski Josef H.L.P. , Ashby Michael C. , Mellor Jack R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAt glutamatergic synapses, induction of associative synaptic plasticity requires time-correlated presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes to activate postsynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs). The magnitudes of the ensuing Ca2+ transients within dendritic spines are thought to determine the amplitude and direction of synaptic change. In contrast, we show that at mature hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses the magnitudes of Ca2+ transients during plasticity induction do not match this rule. Indeed, LTP induced by time-correlated pre- and postsynaptic spikes instead requires the sequential activation of NMDARs followed by voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels within dendritic spines. Furthermore, LTP requires inhibition of SK channels by mGluR1, which removes a negative feedback loop that constitutively regulates NMDARs. Therefore, rather than being controlled simply by the magnitude of the postsynaptic calcium rise, LTP induction requires the coordinated activation of distinct sources of Ca2+ and mGluR1-dependent facilitation of NMDAR function.