bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wideband omni‐directional antenna with novel feeding structure for improving radiation patterns
Authors: Liu Jinhai , Tang Zhaoyang , Yin Yingzeng 
Published: May 2017

A wideband vertically polarised omni‐directional antenna, which is characterised with a height of 0.1 λL (λL: the wavelength at low frequency), a relative operating bandwidth of 48% (1.25–2.04 GHz), stable gains and improved cross‐polarisation, is presented. A pair of λ/4 resonators is introduced to broaden the bandwidth; a symmetrical hook‐shaped probe is employed to improve the cross‐polarisation; the shorting pins between the patch radiator and ground plane are used to reduce the dimension of the antenna. To clarify the improved cross‐polarisation, a comparison between the radiation patterns in asymmetrically and novel symmetrically feeding antennas is shown. Measured and simulated results agree well with each other, indicating good performance of wide bandwidth, low profile, stable radiation patterns and gains. Moreover, the polarisation purity of the proposed antenna has been significantly improved compared with that of the asymmetrically feeding antenna.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Multi-Substituted Allenes from Propargyl­ Acetates and Organoaluminum Reagents Mediated by Palladium
Authors: Li Qinghan , Zhang Zhen , Shao Xuebei , Zhang Gang , Li Xinying 
Published: May 2017

A simple and mild catalytic SN2′ substitution reaction of propargyl acetates with organoaluminum reagents is reported. The SN2′ substitution reaction of propargyl acetates with organoaluminum reagents mediated by Pd(PhP3)2Cl2 (1 mol%)/PPh3 (2 mol%)/K2CO3 in tetrahydrofuran at 60 °C for 3–4 hours afforded the corresponding multi-substituted allenes in good yields (up to 94%) with high selectivities (up to 99%). The process was simple and easily performed, which offers an efficient method to synthesize the multi-substituted allene derivatives.
Lycopene Improves Insulin Sensitivity through Inhibition of STAT3/Srebp-1c-Mediated Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Mice fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Zeng Zhaohui , He Wang , Jia Zhen , Hao Shu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the past few years, metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, have reached global prevalence. Lycopene is one of the major carotenoids in tomatoes, watermelons, red grapefruits, and guava. In the current study, using high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, we investigated the effect of Lycopene on insulin resistance. We showed that diet containing Lycopene significantly prevented HFD-induced increase of fasting blood glucose and insulin level, glucose and insulin intolerance, and decrease of hepatic glycogen content. We found that Lycopene notably prevented the increase of IL-1β, TNFα and CRP levels in mice fed HFD. We showed that Lycopene improved the lipid profiles in HFD-fed mice, as evidenced by decrease of systemic and hepatic TC, TG and LDL, and increase of HDL. Lycopene suppressed the increase of the expression of Srebp-1c, FAS and ACC-1 in mice fed HFD. The administration of Lycopene notably prevented the expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 in livers of mice induced by HFD. The treatment of adenovirus carrying STAT3 significantly suppressed the decrease of Srebp-1c expression induced by Lycopene. Furthermore, enhancement of STAT3 signaling by adenovirus markedly blocked the reduction of fasting blood glucose and insulin level. In conclusion, in the current study, we found that Lycopene prevented STAT3 signaling and inhibited Srebp-1c and downstream gene expression, resulting in inhibition of lipid accumulation, inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Overall, the data in the study provide better understanding of the beneficial effects of Lycopene against insulin resistance and metabolic disorder.
Targeting Multiple Myeloma Cancer Stem Cells with Natural Products – Lessons from Other Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Issa Mark , Cretton Sylvian , Cuendet Muriel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMultiple myeloma is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma is the second most frequently diagnosed hematological malignancy, predominantly affecting the elderly. Despite recent advances in the development of novel therapies, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy where the majority of patients relapse, develop resistance, and eventually die from the disease. This has been attributed to the fact that conventional therapy currently in use targets mainly the bulk of tumor cells, but not the tumor-initiating cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are a highly resistant subpopulation of cells believed to be responsible for the initiation, progression, metastasis, and relapse of cancer. Enormous efforts have been invested in the characterization of cancer stem cells. These efforts led to the characterization of key cellular signaling pathways responsible for conferring stem cell characteristics including self-renewal, differentiation, migratory, survival, and intracellular detoxification capabilities. Targeting these protective mechanisms offers a valuable strategy that may help combat a major driving force behind cancers. The use of natural products offers a promising therapeutic approach for targeting cancer stem cells. In this review, recent advances achieved in the characterization of cancer stem cells derived from hematological malignancies, with a particular focus on multiple myeloma, are discussed and major natural products that target cancer stem cells are presented. As natural products remain an essential source of novel chemical structures and medicinal leads, the exploitation of this immense reservoir is used to draw lessons in targeting multiple myeloma-cancer stem cells.
Denudatin A, a Dimeric Acylphloroglucinol from Hypericum denudatum Presents an Antinociceptive Effect in Mice
Authors: Bridi Henrique , Meirelles Gabriela , Bordignon Sérgio , Rates Stela , von Poser Gilsane 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new dimeric acylphloroglucinol, denudatin A (1), was isolated from the flowering aerials parts of Hypericum denudatum, along with the known phloroglucinols selancin A (2), hyperbrasilol A (3), uliginosin B (4), and isouliginosin B (5). The structure of 1 was elucidated using 1D, 2D NMR, and MS experiments, and by comparison with previously reported data for Hypericum dimeric acylphloroglucinols. Denudatin A (1) and selancin A (2) were administered orally to mice displaying antinociceptive activity in the hot plate test. The compounds did not induce motor impairment in the rotarod apparatus.
Genetic rescue models refute nonautonomous rod cell death in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Koch Susanne F. , Duong Jimmy K. , Hsu Chun-Wei , Tsai Yi-Ting , Lin Chyuan-Sheng , Wahl-Schott Christian A. , Tsang Stephen H. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Retinitis pigmentosa is the leading cause of inherited blindness. Although gene therapy has the capacity to rescue diseased cells (usually rods), current methods generate retinas that are a mix of treated, rescued and untreated, dying rods. To determine whether the dying rods negatively impact rescue, we developed mouse models that allowed us to treat defined fractions of diseased rods. We found that dying rods did not trigger the death of rescued photoreceptors, even when the rescued cells are greatly outnumbered. On the other hand, the rescued photoreceptors did exhibit long-term defects, which were less severe when more rods were treated. Thus, although genetic rescue leads to survival of treated rods, it does not prevent other aspects of the retinitis pigmentosa pathology.
Substrate recognition of the catalytic α-subunit of glucosidase II from Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Okuyama Masayuki , Miyamoto Masashi , Matsuo Ichiro , Iwamoto Shogo , Serizawa Ryo , Tanuma Masanari , Ma Min , Klahan Patcharapa , Kumagai Yuya , Tagami Takayoshi , Kimura Atsuo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The recombinant catalytic α-subunit of N-glycan processing glucosidase II from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpGIIα) was produced in Escherichia coli. The recombinant SpGIIα exhibited quite low stability, with a reduction in activity to &lt;40% after 2-days preservation at 4 °C, but the presence of 10% (v/v) glycerol prevented this loss of activity. SpGIIα, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31), displayed the typical substrate specificity of GH31 α-glucosidases. The enzyme hydrolyzed not only α-(1→3)- but also α-(1→2)-, α-(1→4)-, and α-(1→6)-glucosidic linkages, and p-nitrophenyl α-glucoside. SpGIIα displayed most catalytic properties of glucosidase II. Hydrolytic activity of the terminal α-glucosidic residue of Glc2Man3-Dansyl was faster than that of Glc1Man3-Dansyl. This catalytic α-subunit also removed terminal glucose residues from native N-glycans (Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 and Glc1Man9GlcNAc2) although the activity was low.
Enhancements in sucrose biosynthesis capacity affect shoot branching in Arabidopsis
Authors: Otori Kumi , Tamoi Masahiro , Tanabe Noriaki , Shigeoka Shigeru 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase in the cytosol increased the number of lateral shoots and leaves at elevated CO2 levels. These findings suggest that alterations in carbon partitioning affect the development of shoot branching. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-II in the cytosol (AcF). At elevated CO2 levels, the number of lateral shoots was significantly increased in AcF plants. Sucrose and hexose levels were also higher in AcF plants than in wild-type plants. The expression levels of MAX1, MAX4, YUCCA8, YUCCA9, and BRC1, which are involved in auxin or strigolactone biosynthesis and responses, were lower in AcF plants than in wild-type plants. These results suggest that alterations in sugar partitioning affect hormone metabolism and responses, resulting in enhanced shoot branching.
EURAMET key comparison no. EURAMET.T-K1: realisations of the ITS-90 from 2.6 K to 24.5561 K, using rhodium-iron resistance thermometers
Authors: Gaiser Christof , Fellmuth Bernd , Steur Peter , Szmyrka-Grzebyk Anna , Manuszkiewicz Henryk , Lipinski Leszek , Peruzzi Andrea , Rusby Richard , Head David 
Published: May 2017

In the temperature range from 0.65 K to 24.5561 K, the ITS-90 is defined by specified vapour-pressure equations for 3He and 4He and interpolation equations for a constant-volume gas thermometer using 3He or 4He. The definitions are given in sections 3.1 and 3.2 of the ITS-90 text, and methods for realising the scale in this range are outlined in chapters 4 and 5 of the Guide to the Realization of the ITS-90 (formerly Supplementary Information for the ITS-90). Direct realisations of the ITS-90 by these methods require relatively sophisticated apparatus and time-consuming experiments, and consequently they are rarely carried out. The situation is acceptable in practice only because rhodium-iron resistance thermometers (RIRTs) are available that, once calibrated, are able to maintain their calibrations reliably for long periods of time. They are the practical thermometers on which realisations of the ITS-90 are most accurately maintained, disseminated and compared. The key comparison EURAMET.T-K1 is therefore a comparison of calibrated RIRTs.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Shakespeare's Tragedies: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Wells Stanley 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Tragedy, including grief, pain, and suffering, is a common theme in Shakespeare’s plays, often leading to the death of at least one character. Yet such themes can also be found in Shakespearian plays which are classed as comedies or histories. What is it that makes a Shakespearian tragedy, and what dramatic themes and conventions did the bard draw upon when writing them? Shakespeare’s Tragedies: A Very Short Introduction considers what is meant by the word ‘tragedy’, offering a critical analysis of nine of Shakespeare’s iconic tragic plays. It concludes by discussing why tragedy is regarded as a fit subject for entertainment, and why audiences find tragic plays so enjoyable.
Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Wells Stanley 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The story of the ‘star-crossed lovers’ was already popular when Shakespeare wrote his play, around 1595, basing its narrative fairly closely on a long poem by Arthur Brooke. The difference between Titus Andronicus and Romeo and Juliet, written only a few years apart, is a measure of the speed of Shakespeare’s development as both a dramatist and a poet, and of the openness of his concept of tragedy, which in this play permits the inclusion of romance and of many comic elements. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ outlines the play’s plot and structure, and explains how the play’s scenario is cunningly devised so that it incorporates a variety of theatrical entertainment.
Julius Caesar
Authors: Wells Stanley 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Many tragedies of Shakespeare’s time are concerned with the fall from power, and eventual death, of great men of the past. In writing about the assassination of Julius Caesar, perhaps the greatest ruler who had ever lived, Shakespeare was dramatizing one of the most famous events in world history. ‘Julius Caesar’ explains how Shakespeare based his play quite closely on Plutarch’s description of Caesar’s life. Shakespeare wrote a study of the uses and abuses of political power, the morality of rebellion, and of assassination, applicable to the state of the nation when the play was first performed, at the Globe in 1599, towards the end of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign.
Othello
Authors: Wells Stanley 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Like Romeo and Juliet, Othello is a fictional love tragedy focusing on two private individuals whose lives are not bound up with the fate of nations. The play is based on an Italian tale—a prosaic story of love and jealousy—by Giraldi Cinthio, which Shakespeare romanticizes and dignifies. Compact, fast-moving, tensely dramatic, emotionally compelling, and rising to a riveting tragic conclusion with the murder of Desdemona by Othello followed by his suicide, it is an immensely effective piece of theatre written in dialogue, sometimes racy and conversational, which rises to great heights of eloquence. ‘Othello’ describes the key characters Othello, Iago, and Desdemona, and the plot of the play.
Antony and Cleopatra
Authors: Wells Stanley 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Antony and Cleopatra is a great sprawling masterpiece of a play, rich in poetry, vast in imaginative power, in depth of characterization, in psychological penetration, in ironical comedy, and ultimately in tragic grandeur. Its irony results partly from the fact that its central characters invite us not so much to identify with them, but rather to wonder at them with awe and amazement. ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ explains that the play draws heavily on Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans and describes two worlds—Cleopatra’s Egypt and Mark Antony’s Rome—and of the links, but also of the contrasts and tensions, between them.
FlashPCA2: principal component analysis of Biobank-scale genotype datasets
Authors: Abraham Gad , Qiu Yixuan , Inouye Michael 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a crucial step in quality control of genomic data and a common approach for understanding population genetic structure. With the advent of large genotyping studies involving hundreds of thousands of individuals, standard approaches are no longer feasible. However, when the full decomposition is not required, substantial computational savings can be made.

Results
We present FlashPCA2, a tool that can perform partial PCA on 1 million individuals faster than competing approaches, while requiring substantially less memory.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/gabraham/flashpca.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Implications of electronic health record downtime: an analysis of patient safety event reports
Authors: Larsen Ethan , Fong Allan , Wernz Christian , Ratwani Raj M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objective
We sought to understand the types of clinical processes, such as image and medication ordering, that are disrupted during electronic health record (EHR) downtime periods by analyzing the narratives of patient safety event report data.

Materials and Methods
From a database of 80 381 event reports, 76 reports were identified as explicitly describing a safety event associated with an EHR downtime period. These reports were analyzed and categorized based on a developed code book to identify the clinical processes that were impacted by downtime. We also examined whether downtime procedures were in place and followed.

Results
The reports were coded into categories related to their reported clinical process: Laboratory, Medication, Imaging, Registration, Patient Handoff, Documentation, History Viewing, Delay of Procedure, and General. A majority of reports (48.7%, n = 37) were associated with lab orders and results, followed by medication ordering and administration (14.5%, n = 11). Incidents commonly involved patient identification and communication of clinical information. A majority of reports (46%, n = 35) indicated that downtime procedures either were not followed or were not in place. Only 27.6% of incidents (n = 21) indicated that downtime procedures were successfully executed.

Discussion
Patient safety report data offer a lens into EHR downtime–related safety hazards. Important areas of risk during EHR downtime periods were patient identification and communication of clinical information; these should be a focus of downtime procedure planning to reduce safety hazards.

Conclusion
EHR downtime events pose patient safety hazards, and we highlight critical areas for downtime procedure improvement.
Impact of Young Age on the Presentation of Saccular Intracranial Aneurysms: Population-Based Analysis of 4082 Patients
Authors: Räisänen Sari , Frösen Juhana , Kurki Mitja I , Huttunen Terhi , Huttunen Jukka , Koivisto Timo , Helin Katariina , von und zu Fraunberg Mikael , Jääskeläinen Juha E , Lindgren Antti E 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Formation and rupture of saccular intracranial aneurysms (sIAs) may have different pathobiologies in patients with younger age at first diagnosis of sIA disease.

OBJECTIVE
To study the phenotype of sIA disease and formation of new (de novo) sIAs in patients below 40 yr.

METHODS
A population-based cohort study was conducted in 613 young (<40 yr) sIA patients with first diagnosis between 1980 and 2014 and total angiographic follow-up of 3768 yr.

RESULTS
Of the 613 sIA patients <40 yr, 508 had aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sIA-SAH) and 105 unruptured sIA(s) at first sIA diagnosis. Hypertension was 2 times less common among <40 than >40-yr-old patients (unruptured and ruptured). Smoking was very prevalent in <40-yr-old patients (33% in SAH, 68% unruptured). SAH patients <40 yr more often had family history of sIA, and lower PHASES scores (age omitted, P < .001). Ruptured sIAs were small (<7 mm) in 33% of 39 to 30 yr patients, in 44% of 29 to 20 yr patients, and 57% of <19 yr patients. Their shape was irregular in 90%, 94%, and 95%, respectively. Smoking history (hazard ratio [HR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-7.0), family history for sIAs (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.7), and age at presentation (HR .91 per year, 95% CI .85-.98) were risk factors for de novo sIA formation, diagnosed in 4% even after 20 yr (median 11.8 yr).

CONCLUSION
Smoking and family history are risk factors for sIA formation and aneurysmal SAH at young age. Young aneurysmal SAH patients had lower PHASES scores and often rupture from a small sIA, suggesting need for more aggressive management.
Endoscopic Transcranial Duraplasty for Rhinoliquorrhea: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Bartoli Andrea , Fasel Jean H , Schaller Karl , Jägersberg Max 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Repair of the anterior skull base for cerebrospinal fluid leak requires either endoscopic endonasal approach or open transcranial approach.

OBJECTIVE
To present a less invasive surgical procedure for sealing of the entire anterior fossa floor for traumatic rhinoliquorrhea.

METHODS
Cadaver study in 3 head specimens. Endoscopic placement of a furled bovine pericardial patch bilaterally along the sphenoid ridge and planum in guidewire technique. Unfurling and spreading of the patch under endoscope assistance.

RESULTS
Patch placement was feasible in all 3 specimens without visible injuries to the frontal lobes. Dissection and preservation of the olfactory tracts was only possible for 50% of olfactory tracts.

CONCLUSION
Endoscopic transcranial keyhole duraplasty is a promising concept for traumatic rhinoliquorrhea.
Newborn Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening Based on Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation of DNA-based Assays for In Vitro Diagnostics
Authors: Fujii Tomoyuki , Oka Akira , Morioka Ichiro , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Koyano Shin , Yamada Hideto , Saito Shigeru , Sameshima Hiroshi , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Tsuchida Shinya , Inoue Naoki 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
To establish a strategy for congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) screening and to establish confirmatory assays approved as in vitro diagnostics by the regulatory authorities, we evaluated the clinical risks and performance of diagnostic assays developed by commercial companies, since cCMV infection has significant clinical consequences.

Study Design:
Newborns with clinical manifestations considered to be consequences of cCMV infection (n = 575) were screened for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in urine specimens collected onto filter paper placed in their diapers using the polymerase chain reaction–based assay reported previously. Liquid urine specimens were obtained from all of 20 CMV-positive newborns and 107 of the CMV-negative newborns identified in the screening. We used these 127 specimens, as well as 12 from cCMV cases identified in a previous study and 41 from healthy newborns, to compare the performance of 2 commercial assays and 1 in-house assay.

Results:
The risk-based screening allowed the identification of cCMV cases at least 10-fold more efficiently than our previous universal screening, although there appears to be a limit to the identification of asymptomatically infected newborns. Although CMV-specific IgM during pregnancy was found frequently in mothers of cCMV newborns, CMV-IgM alone is not an effective diagnostic marker. The urine-filter–based assay and the 3 diagnostic assays yielded identical results.

Conclusions:
Although risk-based and universal newborn screening strategies for cCMV infection each have their respective advantages and disadvantages, urine-filter–based assay followed by confirmatory in vitro diagnostics assays is able to identify cCMV cases efficiently.