bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: EINSCHLUSSVERBINDUNGEN 22. MITT. CYCLODEXTRIN‐IMIDAZOL‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: CRAMER FRIEDRICH , MACKENSEN GEORG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEs wird versucht, Modelle für das Zusammenwirken der Hydroxygruppe eines Serins und des Imidazolrestes eines Histidins im aktiven Zentrum des Chymotrypsins aufzubauen.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLIERUNG UND STRUKTURAUFKLAERUNG VON CHAETOCIN
Authors: HAUSER D. , WEBER H. P. , SIGG H. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus Fermentationen von Chaetomium minutum wird ein antibakteriell und zytostatisch wirksames Stoffwechselprodukt das Chaetocin (I) isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTUR VON LANKAMYCIN
Authors: EGAN RICHARD S. , MARTIN JERRY R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Makrolid‐Antibioticum Lankamycin (I) wird bei milder Methanolyse in das Monoglykosid Darcanolid (IIa) und Methyl‐4‐O‐acetyl‐1‐arcanosid gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE WANDERUNG VON DOPPELBINDUGEN IN 1‐METHYL‐4‐(CARBAETHOXYMETHYLEN)‐PHOSPHORINAN
Authors: QUIN L. D. , RUSSELL J. W. , PRINCE R. D. , SHOOK H. E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract1‐Methyl‐4‐phosphorinanon (I) reagiert mit der Phosphoniumverbindung (II) zu den beiden isomeren Olefinen (III) und (IV), zu deren spezieller Bildung entsprechende Verfahren diskutiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON INDOLO‐ALPHA‐PYRONEN, INDOLO‐ALPHA‐PYRIDONEN UND INDOLOPYRYLIUMSALZEN
Authors: DOROFEENKO G. N. , KOROBKOVA V. G. , GUZHINA E. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIndolyl‐3‐essigsäure (I) löst man in Eisessig und tropft Acetylperchlorat (aus Acetanhydrid und HClO4, 70%) zu.
Welfare Reform and Labor Force Exit by Young, Low-Skilled Single Males
Authors: Groves Lincoln H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
While the labor market woes of low-skilled male workers in the United States over the past several decades have been well documented, the academic literature identifying causal factors leading to declines in labor force participation (LFP) by young, low-skilled males remains scant. To address this gap, I use the timing and characteristics of welfare-reform policies implemented during the 1990s and fixed-effects, instrumental variable regression modeling to show that policies seeking to increase LFP rates for low-skilled single mothers inadvertently led to labor force exit by young, low-skilled single males. Using data from the Current Population Survey and a bundle of work inducements enacted by states throughout the 1990s as exogenous variation in a quasi-experimental design, I find that the roughly 10 percentage point increase in LFP for low-skilled single mothers facilitated by welfare reform resulted in a statistically significant 2.8 percentage point decline in LFP for young, low-skilled single males. After conducting a series of robustness checks, I conclude that this result is driven entirely by white males, who responded to welfare-reform policies with a 3.7 percentage point decline in labor supply. Young black males, as well as other groups of potentially affected workers, appear to be uninfluenced by the labor supply response of less-educated single mothers to welfare reform. Impacts on young, single white males are large and economically significant, suggesting that nearly 150,000 males departed the formal labor market in response to directed welfare-reform policies.
Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoprotein expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients
Authors: Betancor Monica B. , Dam Thi M. C. , Walton James , Morken Thea , Campbell Patrick J. , Tocher Douglas R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIncreased substitution of marine ingredients by terrestrial plant products in aquafeeds has been proven to be suitable for Atlantic salmon farming. However, a reduction inn-3 long-chain PUFA is a consequence of this substitution. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of fishmeal and oil substitution on levels of micronutrients such as Se, considering fish are major sources of this mineral for human consumers. To evaluate the effects of dietary marine ingredient substitution on tissue Se distribution and the expression of Se metabolism and antioxidant enzyme genes, Atlantic salmons were fed three feeds based on commercial formulations with increasing levels of plant proteins (PP) and vegetable oil. Lipid content in flesh did not vary at any sampling point, but it was higher in the liver of 1 kg of fish fed higher PP. Fatty acid content reflected dietary input and was related to oxidation levels (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances). Liver had the highest Se levels, followed by head kidney, whereas the lowest contents were found in brain and gill. The Se concentration of flesh decreased considerably with high levels of substitution, reducing the added value of fish consumption. Only the brain showed significant differences in glutathione peroxidase, transfer RNA selenocysteine 1-associated protein 1b and superoxide dismutase expression, whereas no significant regulation of Se-related genes was found in liver. Although Se levels in the diets satisfied the essential requirements of salmon, high PP levels led to a reduction in the supply of this essential micronutrient.
Did TARP Banks Get Competitive Advantages?
Authors: Berger Allen N. , Roman Raluca A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigate whether the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) gave recipients competitive advantages. Using a difference-in-difference (DID) approach, we find that: i) TARP recipients received competitive advantages and increased both their market shares and market power; ii) results may be driven primarily by the safety channel (TARP banks may be perceived as safer), which is partially offset by the cost-disadvantage channel (TARP funds may be relatively expensive); and iii) these competitive advantages are primarily or entirely due to TARP banks that repaid early. These results may help explain other findings in the literature, and yield important policy implications.
In the Beginning was Chronology: An Early Eighteenth-Century Attempt to Model the Eschaton on the Creation
Authors: Roelevink Johanna 
Published: February 2016

When T. S. Eliot contemplated the void and the darkness after the Creation, he assumed that there must have been a predetermined moment through which time was made:
for without the meaning there is no time, and that moment of time gave the meaning.We are about to meet an early eighteenth-century scholar who tackled the very same problem, the relation between the lapse of’historical’ time and the ultimate meaning of history. But to him, like so many others, time just started with the movement of the stars, which mercifully also provided adequate means for measuring it. In the beginning was chronology. And in its inexorable progress the lapse of time would also in due course spell the end of the world. But when precisely? The answer of our particular scholar to this question sounds deceptively simple. The Bible teaches that God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh. Again, Holy Scripture reveals that to him one day is as a thousand years and a thousand years as one day. So here, by way of analogy, we have the outline of world history. Once having computed the date of the Creation, we can easily deduce that Our Lord Jesus Christ will return on 11 November 1740 to inaugurate his glorious reign.
Anglican Evangelicalism in the West of England, 1858–1900
Authors: Kent John 
Published: February 2016

The Church of England Clerical and Lay Association (Western District) for the maintenance of Evangelical Principles was started in 1858 as part of a ‘more comprehensive plan for a general organized association’ of Anglican Evangelicals. The case for such an association was graphically made by an anonymous clerical pamphleteer:
Now that the Church of England seems called upon to choose, whether she will give her allegiance to Christ, or to Anti-Christ either as Roman or Neologian or a compromise of both—now that hundreds have actually passed away to Rome, and also that so considerable a number of the younger Clergy are more or less under the seductive influence of her errors so as to render it difficult to meet with like-minded men as fellow-helpers,—now that the State, hitherto bound up with the Church, apparently either contemplates casting her adrift or reducing her to a conation of political servitude,—under these, our present exigencies, the desire for union becomes more intense and irresistible. We want to know each other’s thoughts and feelings. We are in great need of mutual information and counsel. We thirst for sympathy and encouragement. We want to act together as one man.
Monks, Friars, and the Royal Supremacy in Sixteenth-Century Yorkshire
Authors: Cross Claire 
Published: February 2016

The revolutionary changes initiated by the Government in the 1530s obliterated at a stroke the centuries-old division in England between Church and State. The preamble of the Act in Restraint of Appeals to Rome of 1533 marks particularly clearly the country’s transition from a dual to a single allegiance, setting out in a quite unequivocal expression of the new royal supremacy how
by divers sundry old authentic histories and chronicles it is manifestly declared and expressed that this realm of England is an empire, and so hath been accepted in the world, governed by one supreme head and king, having the dignity and royal estate of the imperial crown of the same, unto whom a body politic, compact of all sorts and degrees of people divided in terms and by names of spiritualty and temporalty, be bounden and owe to bear next to God a natural and humble obedience; he being also institute and furnished by the goodness and sufferance of Almighty God with plenary, whole and entire power, preeminence, authority, prerogative and jurisdiction to render and yield justice and final determination to all manner of folk resiants or subjects within this realm, in all causes, matters, debates and contentions happening to occur, insurge or begin within the limits thereof, without restraint or provocation to any foreign princes or potentates of the world.
Why Protestant Churches? The American Board and the Eastern Churches: Mission among ‘Nominal’ Christians (1820-70)
Authors: Berg H. L. Murre-Van Den 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionIn Palestine, Syria, the provinces of Asia Minor, Armenia, Georgia, and Persia, though Mohammedan countries, there are many thousands of Jews, and many thousands of Christians, at least in name. But the whole mingled population is in a state of deplorable ignorance and degradation, – destitute of the means of divine knowledge, and bewildered with vain imaginations and strong delusions.
Modernism and Mission: The Influence of Dutch Modern Theology on Missionary Practice in the East Indies in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Boone Guus 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionIn 1866, the Dutch missionary Jan Nannes Wiersma decided it was necessary to teach the Muslim heads in the place where he was working about the life of the prophet Muhammad - rather a peculiar thing for a messenger of Christianity to do. The Board of the Nederlandsch Zendelinggenootschap [Dutch Missionary Society; DMS], who had sent him, therefore reprimanded him. Wiersma, however, defended himself by stating that if the chiefs knew more about what Islam really was, they would have reached a higher level of intellectual development, and they would be closer to conversion to Christianity. This opinion was not uncommon among adherents of the so called Modern Theology or Modernism.
Poverty, Preaching, and Eschatology in the Revelation Commentaries of ‘Hugh of St Cher’
Authors: Lerner Robert E. 
Published: February 2016

This article is dedicated to advancing three propositions, all in elaboration of research by Beryl Smalley:
(1) that the Revelation exegesis of Hugh of St Cher, O.P. (c. 1195-1263; regent master at St Jacques, 1230-1235) can be securely located;(2) that much of the content of this exegesis is extraordinary; and(3) that Hugh of St Cher the great Dominican commentator on Scripture is a figment of bibliographers’ imaginations.
Specifically modified Env immunogens activate B-cell precursors of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies in transgenic mice
Authors: McGuire Andrew T. , Gray Matthew D. , Dosenovic Pia , Gitlin Alexander D. , Freund Natalia T. , Petersen John , Correnti Colin , Johnsen William , Kegel Robert , Stuart Andrew B. , Glenn Jolene , Seaman Michael S. , Schief William R. , Strong Roland K. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Stamatatos Leonidas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVRC01-class broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies protect animals from experimental infection and could contribute to an effective vaccine response. Their predicted germline forms (gl) bind Env inefficiently, which may explain why they are not elicited by HIV-1 Env-immunization. Here we show that an optimized Env immunogen can engage multiple glVRC01-class antibodies. Furthermore, this immunogen activates naive B cells expressing the human germline heavy chain of 3BNC60, paired with endogenous mouse light chains in vivo. To address whether it activates B cells expressing the fully humanized gl3BNC60 B-cell receptor (BCR), we immunized mice carrying both the heavy and light chains of gl3BNC60. B cells expressing this BCR display an autoreactive phenotype and fail to respond efficiently to soluble forms of the optimized immunogen, unless it is highly multimerized. Thus, specifically designed Env immunogens can activate naive B cells expressing human BCRs corresponding to precursors of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies even when the B cells display an autoreactive phenotype.
Observation of Zeeman effect in topological surface state with distinct material dependence
Authors: Fu Ying-Shuang , Hanaguri T. , Igarashi K. , Kawamura M. , Bahramy M. S. , Sasagawa T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractManipulating the spins of the topological surface states represents an essential step towards exploring the exotic quantum states emerging from the time reversal symmetry breaking via magnetic doping or external magnetic fields. The latter case relies on the Zeeman effect and thereby we need to estimate the g-factor of the topological surface state precisely. Here, we report the direct observations of the Zeeman effect at the surfaces of Bi2Se3 and Sb2Te2Se by spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunnelling microscopy. The Zeeman shift of the zero mode Landau level is identified unambiguously by appropriately excluding the extrinsic effects arising from the nonlinearity in the band dispersion of the topological surface state and the spatially varying potential. Surprisingly, the g-factors of the topological surface states in Bi2Se3 and Sb2Te2Se are very different (+18 and −6, respectively). Such remarkable material dependence opens up a new route to control the spins of the topological surface states.
Exceptional performance of photoelectrochemical water oxidation of single-crystal rutile TiO2 nanorods dependent on the hole trapping of modified chloride
Authors: Zhang Xuliang , Cui Haiqin , Humayun Muhammad , Qu Yang , Fan Naiying , Sun Xiaojun , Jing Liqiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is highly desired to effectively trap photogenerated holes for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation to evolve O2 on oxide semiconductors. Herein, it is found for the first time mainly based on the time-resolved- and atmosphere-controlled- surface photovoltage responses that the modified chloride would effectively trap photogenerated holes so as to prolong the charge lifetime and hence promote charge separation of single-crystal rutile TiO2 nanorods. Its strong capacity to trap holes, comparable to the widely-used methanol and Co(II) phosphate, is well responsible for the exceptional photoactivities for PEC water oxidation to evolve O2 on rutile nanorods with a proper amount of chloride modified, about 2.5-time high as that on the resulting anatase nanoparticles, even 10-time if the surface area is considered. Moreover, it is suggested that the hole trapping role of chemically-adsorbed chloride is related to its lonely-pair electrons, and to the subsequently-produced intermediate Cl atoms with proper electronegativity for evolving O2. Interestingly, this finding is also applicable to the chloride-modified anatase TiO2. This work will provide a feasible strategy to design high-activity nanostructured semiconductor photoanodes for PEC water oxidation, even for overall water splitting.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Humanized Mice Infected with HIV-1
Authors: Nusbaum Rebecca J. , Calderon Veronica E. , Huante Matthew B. , Sutjita Putri , Vijayakumar Sudhamathi , Lancaster Katrina L. , Hunter Robert L. , Actor Jeffrey K. , Cirillo Jeffrey D. , Aronson Judith , Gelman Benjamin B. , Lisinicchia Joshua G. , Valbuena Gustavo , Endsley Janice J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCo-infection with HIV increases the morbidity and mortality associated with tuberculosis due to multiple factors including a poorly understood microbial synergy. We developed a novel small animal model of co-infection in the humanized mouse to investigate how HIV infection disrupts pulmonary containment of Mtb. Following dual infection, HIV-infected cells were localized to sites of Mtb-driven inflammation and mycobacterial replication in the lung. Consistent with disease in human subjects, we observed increased mycobacterial burden, loss of granuloma structure and increased progression of TB disease, due to HIV co-infection. Importantly, we observed an HIV-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine signature (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and IL-8), neutrophil accumulation and greater lung pathology in the Mtb-co-infected lung. These results suggest that in the early stages of acute co-infection in the humanized mouse, infection with HIV exacerbates the pro-inflammatory response to pulmonary Mtb, leading to poorly formed granulomas, more severe lung pathology and increased mycobacterial burden and dissemination.
Metabolic prediction of important agronomic traits in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Dan Zhiwu , Hu Jun , Zhou Wei , Yao Guoxin , Zhu Renshan , Zhu Yingguo , Huang Wenchao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHybrid crops have contributed greatly to improvements in global food and fodder production over the past several decades. Nevertheless, the growing population and changing climate have produced food crises and energy shortages. Breeding new elite hybrid varieties is currently an urgent task, but present breeding procedures are time-consuming and labour-intensive. In this study, parental metabolic information was utilized to predict three polygenic traits in hybrid rice. A complete diallel cross population consisting of eighteen rice inbred lines was constructed and the hybrids’ plant height, heading date and grain yield per plant were predicted using 525 metabolites. Metabolic prediction models were built using the partial least square regression method, with predictive abilities ranging from 0.858 to 0.977 for the hybrid phenotypes, relative heterosis and specific combining ability. Only slight changes in predictive ability were observed between hybrid populations and nearly no changes were detected between reciprocal hybrids. The outcomes of prediction of the three highly polygenic traits demonstrated that metabolic prediction was an accurate (high predictive abilities) and efficient (unaffected by population genetic structures) strategy for screening promising superior hybrid rice. Exploitation of this pre-hybridization strategy may contribute to rice production improvement and accelerate breeding programs.
Unique antitumor property of the Mg-Ca-Sr alloys with addition of Zn
Authors: Wu Yuanhao , He Guanping , Zhang Yu , Liu Yang , Li Mei , Wang Xiaolan , Li Nan , Li Kang , Zheng Guan , Zheng Yufeng , Yin Qingshui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn clinical practice, tumor recurrence and metastasis after orthopedic prosthesis implantation is an intensely troublesome matter. Therefore, to develop implant materials with antitumor property is extremely necessary and meaningful. Magnesium (Mg) alloys possess superb biocompatibility, mechanical property and biodegradability in orthopedic applications. However, whether they possess antitumor property had seldom been reported. In recent years, it showed that zinc (Zn) not only promote the osteogenic activity but also exhibit good antitumor property. In our present study, Zn was selected as an alloying element for the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr alloy to develop a multifunctional material with antitumor property. We investigated the influence of the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr-xZn (x = 0, 2, 4, 6 wt%) alloys extracts on the proliferation rate, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion of the U2OS cell line. Our results show that Zn containing Mg alloys extracts inhibit the cell proliferation by alteration the cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondria pathway. The cell migration and invasion property were also suppressed by the activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. Our work suggests that the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr-6Zn alloy is expected to be a promising orthopedic implant in osteosarcoma limb-salvage surgery for avoiding tumor recurrence and metastasis.
Exploring miniature insect brains using micro-CT scanning techniques
Authors: Smith Dylan B. , Bernhardt Galina , Raine Nigel E. , Abel Richard L. , Sykes Dan , Ahmed Farah , Pedroso Inti , Gill Richard J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe capacity to explore soft tissue structures in detail is important in understanding animal physiology and how this determines features such as movement, behaviour and the impact of trauma on regular function. Here we use advances in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) technology to explore the brain of an important insect pollinator and model organism, the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). Here we present a method for accurate imaging and exploration of insect brains that keeps brain tissue free from trauma and in its natural stereo-geometry and showcase our 3D reconstructions and analyses of 19 individual brains at high resolution. Development of this protocol allows relatively rapid and cost effective brain reconstructions, making it an accessible methodology to the wider scientific community. The protocol describes the necessary steps for sample preparation, tissue staining, micro-CT scanning and 3D reconstruction, followed by a method for image analysis using the freeware SPIERS. These image analysis methods describe how to virtually extract key composite structures from the insect brain and we demonstrate the application and precision of this method by calculating structural volumes and investigating the allometric relationships between bumblebee brain structures.
Elastic, magnetic and electronic properties of iridium phosphide Ir2P
Authors: Wang Pei , Wang Yonggang , Wang Liping , Zhang Xinyu , Yu Xiaohui , Zhu Jinlong , Wang Shanmin , Qin Jiaqian , Leinenweber Kurt , Chen Haihua , He Duanwei , Zhao Yusheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCubic (space group: Fm"Equation missing"m) iridium phosphide, Ir2P, has been synthesized at high pressure and high temperature. Angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements on Ir2P powder using a diamond-anvil cell at room temperature and high pressures (up to 40.6 GPa) yielded a bulk modulus of B0 = 306(6) GPa and its pressure derivative B0′ = 6.4(5). Such a high bulk modulus attributed to the short and strongly covalent Ir-P bonds as revealed by first – principles calculations and three-dimensionally distributed [IrP4] tetrahedron network. Indentation testing on a well–sintered polycrystalline sample yielded the hardness of 11.8(4) GPa. Relatively low shear modulus of ~64 GPa from theoretical calculations suggests a complicated overall bonding in Ir2P with metallic, ionic and covalent characteristics. In addition, a spin glass behavior is indicated by magnetic susceptibility measurements.