bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The maxillary artery as a recipient vessel option for complex midface and anterior skull base microsurgical repair: A cadaveric study
Authors: Assam Jed H. , Quinn Thomas H. , Militsakh Oleg N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionVariations in the operative situation for complex head and neck defect reconstructions resulting from mechanisms such as trauma, oncologic resection, and prior radiation exposure can result in situations of a vessel‐depleted neck. This requires an awareness of alternate, innovative options for use in reconstructive repairs. The purpose of this study was to provide characterization of the third segment of the maxillary artery necessary to consider its use as a recipient vessel in free flap repair of complex midface defects.Materials and MethodsSeventeen cadaver hemifaces were used for anatomic demonstration of the maxillary artery third segment by a transmaxillary approach to obtain descriptive measures for statistical analysis.ResultsThe average artery intraluminal cross‐section diameter was obtained for the sphenopalatine (1.39 ± 0.12 mm) descending palatine (0.94 ± 0.10 mm), and terminal maxillary (1.68 ± 0.17 mm) arterial vessels. The mean transmaxillary depth with was (43 ± 1.2 mm). Mean mobilizable lengths for sphenopalatine, descending palatine, and terminal maxillary arteries were (30 ± 2 mm), (29 ± 2 mm), and (20 ± 2 mm), accordingly. Vessel patterns were characterized using Morton and Kahn classification for sphenopalatine‐descending palatine bifurcation as well as the Kwak classification for maxillary artery third segment morphology.ConclusionsIn situations where primary recipient vessel sites are unavailable, the maxillary artery represents an innovative option to be considered with suitable recipient artery characteristics.
A 25‐A peak current and 7.4‐NS pulse‐width laser driver using an avalanche transistor and switches for lidar applications
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Chang , Choi Hyun‐Yong , Kwon Won‐Bae , Lim Young‐Cheol 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe propose and design a pulsed laser driver using an avalanche transistor and switches for LIDAR applications. The avalanche transistor is used to generate short optical pulses using high current flowing from the collector to the emitter due to the avalanche effect. The switches are used to make the peak amplitude and pulse‐width of the generated short pulse higher and narrower, respectively. The collector of the transistor is disconnected from the operating voltage of the avalanche transistor by switches when a high current flows from the collector to the emitter. This high current flows only from the capacitor connected to the collector to the emitter and leading to more rapid capacitor discharge. Using these phenomena in the proposed pulsed laser driver, a shorter pulse with higher peak amplitude and narrower pulse‐width is generated, as compared to the pulsed laser driver using a single avalanche transistor. The proposed pulsed laser driver is analyzed through both simulation and experiment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2540–2543, 2016
A novel capacitive loaded structure for miniaturized resonators
Authors: Yue Hailing , Subramanyam Guru , Cerny Charles 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTMiniaturized resonators are designed with variable capacitive loading capability by utilizing both sides of the substrates with Printed Circuit Board technology. The proposed design integrates a spiral‐shaped sub‐wavelength inductive element with a parallel plate resonant structure of three variations to achieve notch depths of 37, 39, and 48 dB at 94, 138, and 116 MHz respectively within an area of 6.1 by 9.65 cm2 with reduced insertion losses and narrowed bandwidths. The ratio between the largest dimensions of structure to their guided wavelengths at resonance are all <0.05, demonstrating exceptional compactness of the design without sacrificing the performance of band‐rejection behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2554–2557, 2016
A hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for spectrum sensing and ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Erfani Elham , Niroo‐Jazi Mahmoud , Tatu Serjio , Denidni Tayeb 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA new type of dielectric resonator antenna with consistent monopole‐shape radiation pattern across an ultra‐wideband operating spectrum of at least 15 GHz is presented. A hybrid resonator configuration along with three different matching enhancement methods including, composite dielectric, dielectric shaping, and step matching technique, is used to obtain this radiation performance. A radially dielectric constant variation structure is proposed to create the composite dielectric material. Deemed to be appropriate for spectrum sensing and UWB applications, the frequency domain responses of this antenna are experimentally presented and discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2609–2611, 2016
Effects of lossy background and rebars on antennas embedded in concrete structures
Authors: Mauro G. S. , Castorina G. , Morabito A. F. , Di Donato L. , Sorbello G. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this letter the effects of a lossy background on an antenna for wireless embedded sensors network has been studied. The efficiency of the antenna versus the concrete structure size decreases from 72% down to ∼20%. However, it is shown that the boresight gain is essentially unaffected by the block size. The proposed configuration is robust against concrete permittivity variations, change in block dimension and presence of rebars. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2653–2656, 2016
AMC‐based broadband bowtie antenna for WIMAX application
Authors: Song Xueyan , Yang Chuang , Zhang Tianling , Yan Zehong , Lian Ruina 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA broadband bowtie antenna with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground is proposed for WIMAX application. Loaded with two parallel open stubs in the upper layer, the proposed bowtie antenna has the merit of broad band. An AMC surface composed of 6 × 9 Jerusalem cross slot unit cells is designed under the bowtie antenna with a distance of 0.1λ, where λ denotes the free space wavelength at 3.0 GHz, for gain enhancement and wide bandwidth on the basis of low profile. Measured results show that, with maintaining a low profile, the composite antenna has a wide bandwidth (return loss
10 dB) from 2.48 to 3.8 GHz (42.04%). The measured peak gain is up to 7.94 dBi, and the maximum cross‐polarization level is −17 dB for both E and H plane. And the measured front‐to‐back ratios are <−19 dB. Both the bowtie antenna and the AMC surface are fabricated and measured. The simulated and the measured results are in good agreement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2657–2661, 2016
Theory and design of quarter‐wave‐like transformers implemented using conjugately characteristic‐impedance transmission lines
Authors: Jongsuebchoke Itthinat , Akkaraekthalin Prayoot , Torrungrueng Danai 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTQuarter‐wave transformers (QWTs) have been widely employed in microwave and antenna applications. In this letter, a theoretical analysis shows that properly designed conjugately characteristic‐impedance transmission lines, called quarter‐wave‐like transformers (QWLTs), can provide the impedance matching capability like standard QWTs with significantly shorter electrical length. This opens up new possibilities for miniaturization of microwave circuits and antennas. Design procedures of QWLTs are illustrated, and three case studies are discussed in this article to illustrate the QWLT concept. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2614–2619, 2016
An aperture coupled metamaterial mushroom antenna for operation at WLAN frequency
Authors: Olule Lillian J. A. , Kasi Baskaran , Kumar T. Nandha , Gnanagurunathan Gnanam 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA proposed aperture coupled metamaterial mushroom antenna with inherent surface wave suppression at resonance (5.8 GHz) demonstrates over 5.41% higher measured impedance bandwidth of 8.8% and over 3.79 dBi higher gain of 5.46 dBi compared with a similar sized typical aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna, similarly fabricated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2692–2696, 2016
A 10:1 unequal gysel power divider/combiner
Authors: Kouhpayeh‐Zadeh‐Esfahani Sedigheh , Afrooz Kambiz , Moradi Elham 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a modified Gysel power divider, providing high power division ratios, alongside the advantage of high power handling. To overcome fabrication limitations of high characteristic impedance line, caused by the anticipated high power division ratio, a coupled line structure with two shorts is used. This proposed structure makes closed‐form equations available for design and leads to a simple microstrip fabrication. A 10:1 unequal Gysel power divider is presented and fabricated as a design example and a satisfactory agreement between measurements and simulation results is verified. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2689–2692, 2016
A small 4 by 4 MIMO antenna system for LTE smartphones
Authors: Lee Won‐Woo , Jang Beakcheol 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a small 4 by 4 MIMO antenna system which occupies only two corners of the circuit board by locating two antennas in one corner together. The supporting frequency ranges are 3.4 to 3.6 GHz that is planned for MIMO service in Japan. The proposed antenna system consists of two pairs of antenna sets. Each of the antenna set consists of one inverted‐F antenna and one coupling antenna. The coupling antenna has the property of the loop antenna, so it effectively isolates the induced current flow. We implement the prototype of our proposed antenna system and evaluate it via thorough experiments. Return losses are <−10 dB, isolations between antennas do not >−17 dB, ECCs are <0.03, gains in all ports are bigger than about −1 dB, and 3D radiation patterns are omnidirectional in all antennas. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2668–2672, 2016
Coplanar waveguides loaded with symmetric and asymmetric pairs of slotted stepped impedance resonators: Modeling, applications, and comparison to SIR‐loaded CPWS
Authors: Naqui Jordi , Su Lijuan , Mata Javier , Martín Ferran 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis article is focused on the analysis and modeling of coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines loaded with pairs of slotted stepped impedance resonators (S‐SIRs), etched in the ground planes. These structures may be described by a pair of parallel‐connected transmission lines, each one loaded with a series‐connected parallel resonator, and with mutual capacitive coupling between such resonators. If the structures are symmetric, the transmission coefficient exhibits a single transmission zero, related to the fundamental resonance of the SIRs, though perturbed by the effects of mutual coupling. However, if symmetry is disrupted, two notches appear, separated a distance that depends on the level of asymmetry, coupling, and CPW length. Therefore, these structures may be useful for the implementation of differential sensors and comparators. It is shown that if the S‐SIR‐loaded CPWs are electrically small, the structures can be modeled by a lumped element equivalent circuit. Using this model, the resonance frequencies are obtained analytically. The proposed lumped element model is validated through electromagnetic simulation and experiment, and a prototype comparator loaded with dielectric samples is fabricated and measured. Finally, the circuit model of the structure is compared to that of SIR‐loaded CPW transmission lines. Despite the fact that the lumped element equivalent circuits of these structures are completely different, the equations providing the transmission zeros are formally identical.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2741–2745, 2016
Compact bandpass filters using multistub loaded spiral short‐ended resonator
Authors: Xu Kai‐Da , Bai Ye‐Cheng , Zhu Chun‐Hui , Liu Yan‐Hui , Ren Yi , Liu Qing‐Huo 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA novel compact stub‐loaded short‐ended spiral resonator is presented for the first time. The characteristics of the proposed spiral resonator are deduced by even‐ and odd‐mode analysis method. In addition to miniaturization and high selectivity, the bandpass filter (BPF) utilizing the short‐ended spiral resonator is found to have a tunable bandwidth. On the basis of the proposed resonator, two practical BPFs operating at 2.4 GHz with a 3‐dB bandwidth of about 20.8 and 37.5% respectively for WLAN application is designed and fabricated. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is provided to validate the designed concept.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2738–2741, 2016
High efficiency radio frequency power amplifier with dynamic load modulation for wireless communications
Authors: Kwon Taeyeop , Jeong Jinho 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) with high efficiency and high linearity is presented by using dynamic load modulation (DLM) technique. To improve the average efficiency, the load impedance is dynamically modulated according to the input envelop using tunable matching circuit (TMC). The TMC using varactors is located at a low‐impedance region of the output matching network. This reduces the RF voltage swing across the varactors, which minimizes the performance degradation by the varactors. The measurement setup is constructed to generate a control signal for the TMC that is synchronized with an input envelope. For wideband code division multiple access (W‐CDMA) signal with a peak‐to‐average ratio of 7.4 dB and a bandwidth of 3.84 MHz at 1.85 GHz, the fabricated DLM PA shows a power‐added efficiency of 49.7% at an output power of 30.6 dBm with an adjacent channel leakage ratio of <–45 dBc © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2717–2722, 2016
Sacral neuromodulation of nociceptive bladder overactivity in cats
Authors: Zhang Zhaocun , Bandari Jathin , Bansal Utsav , Shen Bing , Wang Jicheng , Lamm Vladimir , Roppolo James R. , de Groat William C. , Tai Changfeng 
Published: August 2016

AimsTo investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of sacral dorsal/ventral roots on irritation‐induced bladder overactivity, reveal possible different mechanisms under nociceptive bladder conditions, and establish a large animal model of sacral neuromodulation.MethodsIntravesical infusion of 0.5% acetic acid (AA) was used to irritate the bladder and induce bladder overactivity in cats under α‐chloralose anesthesia. Electrical stimulation (5, 15, or 30 Hz) was applied to individual S1–S3 dorsal or ventral roots at or below motor threshold intensity. Repeated cystometrograms (CMGs) were performed with/without the stimulation to determine the inhibition of bladder overactivity.ResultsAA irritation induced bladder overactivity and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the bladder capacity to 62.6 ± 11.7% of control capacity measured during saline CMGs. At threshold intensity for inducing reflex twitching of the anal sphincter or toe, S1/S2 dorsal root stimulation at 5 Hz but not at 15 or 30 Hz inhibited bladder overactivity and significantly (P < 0.05) increased bladder capacity to 187.3 ± 41.6% and 155.5 ± 9.7% respectively, of AA control capacity. Stimulation of S3 dorsal root or S1–S3 ventral roots was not effective. Repeated stimulation of S1–S3 dorsal root did not induced a post‐stimulation inhibition.ConclusionsThis study established a cat model of sacral neuromodualation of nociceptive bladder overactivity. The results revealed that the mechanisms underlying sacral neuromodulation are different for nociceptive and non‐nociceptive bladder activity.
A Test of the Effectiveness of the Coimbra Method in Capturing Activity‐induced Entheseal Changes
Authors: Michopoulou E. , Nikita E. , Henderson C. Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe current paper tests the effectiveness of entheseal changes in expressing activity patterns when the former have been recorded using the new Coimbra method. Changes on the subscapularis and biceps brachii were recorded using the Coimbra method on 78 men from the documented Athens Collection. Generalised linear models were adopted with entheseal changes as dependent variable and cross‐sectional geometric properties, age and body mass as predictors. The results suggest that age is the factor most frequently affecting entheseal changes; however, its impact is not as systematic as found in previous studies. Body mass is rarely statistically significant, again contradicting earlier studies. Finally, activity proxied by cross‐sectional geometric properties is occasionally significant, but no clear pattern emerges that can associate specific entheseal morphological changes with specific directions of mechanical loading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Injury and Health in Past Societies: An Analysis of Concepts and Approaches, and Insights from a Multi‐Period Study
Authors: Redfern R. C. , Judd M. A. , DeWitte S. N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEarlier clinical and bioarchaeological studies found that injury recidivists were most likely to be young adult males. Since then, the clinical meaning of the injury recidivist has expanded to include all individuals with multiple injuries, and other aspects of health have been considered. Our study sought to apply these advances to paleopathology and place multiple injuries in a wider context by investigating: the age and sex distribution of those with single and multiple fractures, and if people with multiple injuries had poorer general health. The sample of 213 males and 190 females (≥18 years old) from six populations in England, Siberia, and Sudan ranged in date from the 3rd century BC to the mid‐19th century AD. Health variables included cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periostitis, Schmorl's nodes, enamel hypoplasias, dental caries, and periodontitis. Ante‐mortem injuries were: fractures (0/1/≥2), myositis ossificans, dental trauma, and sharp‐force injuries. The data were analysed using chi‐square and hierarchical loglinear analyses (P = 0.05).No significant three‐way association between age, sex, and injury was found. There was no difference between the sexes when individuals with single versus multiple injuries were compared. There were significant differences in the age‐distribution of people with 0 and 1/≥2 fractures. Males and those 26–35 years old were most likely to have fractures and multiple injuries. Porotic hyperostosis was significantly associated with fractures. There was no significant relationship between general poor health and multiple injuries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
25‐year weight gain in a racially balanced sample of U.S. adults: The CARDIA study
Authors: Dutton Gareth R. , Kim Yongin , Jacobs David R. , Li Xuelin , Loria Catherine M. , Reis Jared P. , Carnethon Mercedes , Durant Nefertiti H. , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Shikany James M. , Sidney Stephen , Lewis Cora E. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo examine 25‐year trends in weight gain, partitioned by time‐related and aging‐related changes, during early and middle adulthood.MethodsCoronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), a prospective, non‐nationally representative cohort study conducted at four urban field centers that began in 1985 to 1986 with 5,109 Black (B) and White (W) men (M) and women (W) aged 18 to 30 years, has followed participants for 25 years (aged 43–55 years in 2010–2011). Time‐related and aging‐related components of weight change were estimated to construct longitudinal models of linear and nonlinear trends.ResultsThere were nonlinear trends in time‐related weight gain in W, with larger weight gains early that attenuated at subsequent exams. Time‐related trends were linear in M. There were nonlinear trends in aging‐related weight gain in BM, BW, and WM, with the greatest weight gains at younger ages. Aging‐related trends were linear in WW. Participants with overweight or obesity in early adulthood had greater attenuation of aging‐related weight gain during middle adulthood.ConclusionsThese findings partially support recent surveys indicating slower increases in obesity prevalence in recent years. Findings further suggest that aging‐related weight gain is greatest in the 20s and may begin attenuating as early as the mid‐30s among some groups.
Metabolically healthy obesity is associated with an increased risk of diabetes independently of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chang Yoosoo , Jung Hyun‐Suk , Yun Kyung Eun , Cho Juhee , Ahn Jiin , Chung Eun Chul , Shin Hocheol , Ryu Seungho 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThis study examined whether the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in a large cohort of metabolically healthy individuals and whether that association differed by presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThe cohort consisted of 74,509 Korean adults who were metabolically healthy at baseline, defined as not having any metabolic syndrome component except large waist circumference and having homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance <2.5. NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography in the absence of excessive alcohol use or any other identifiable cause.ResultsOver 304,852.6 person‐years of follow‐up, 472 participants developed diabetes (incidence density, 1.5 per 1,000 person‐years). The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes in subjects with overweight and obesity compared with subjects with normal weight were 1.29 (1.00–2.16) and 1.57 (1.14–2.16), respectively, for subjects without NAFLD and 1.90 (0.95–3.80) and 2.57 (1.32–5.02), respectively, for those with NAFLD (P for interaction =0.57).ConclusionsIn this metabolically healthy population, individuals with overweight and obesity exhibited an increased incidence of diabetes, regardless of the presence of NAFLD. This finding suggests that the obese phenotype per se, independent of the presence of NAFLD, can increase the development of diabetes.
The effect of tobacco cessation on weight gain, obesity, and diabetes risk
Authors: Bush Terry , Lovejoy Jennifer C. , Deprey Mona , Carpenter Kelly M. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveMost smokers gain weight after quitting, and some develop new onset obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the current science investigating the consequences of tobacco cessation on body weight and diabetes, as well as intervention strategies that minimize or prevent weight gain while still allowing for successful tobacco cessation.MethodsSystematic reviews and relevant studies that were published since prior reviews were selected.ResultsSmoking cessation can cause excessive weight gain in some individuals and can be associated with clinically significant outcomes such as diabetes or obesity onset. Interventions that combine smoking cessation and weight control can be effective for improving cessation and minimizing weight gain but need to be tested in specific populations.ConclusionsDespite the health benefits of quitting tobacco, post‐cessation weight gain and new onset obesity and diabetes are a significant concern. Promising interventions may need to be more widely applied to reduce the consequences of both obesity and tobacco use.