bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical injection type‐II (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb)/(GaIn)As single ‘W’‐quantum well laser at 1.2 µm
Authors: Fuchs C. , Berger C. , Möller C. , Weseloh M. , Reinhard S. , Hader J. , Moloney J.V. , Koch S.W. , Stolz W. 
Published: September 2016

Highly efficient interface‐dominated electrical injection lasers in the near‐infrared regime based on the type‐II band alignment in (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb)/(GaIn)As single ‘W’‐quantum wells are realised. The structure is designed by applying a fully microscopic theory, grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy, and characterised using electroluminescence measurements and broad‐area laser studies. A characteristic blue shift of 93 meV/(kA/cm2) with increasing charge carrier density is observed and compared with theoretical investigations. Low threshold current densities of 0.4 kA/cm2, high differential efficiencies of 66%, optical output powers of 1.4 W per facet, and internal losses of only 1.9 cm−1 are observed at a wavelength of 1164 nm for a cavity length of 930 µm. For a cavity length of 2070 µm, the threshold current density is reduced to 0.1 kA/cm2. No indication for type‐I related transitions for current densities up to 4.6 kA/cm2 is observed.
Biportal Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression for Lumbar Disk Herniation and Spinal Canal Stenosis: A Technical Note
Authors: Eum Jin , Lee Sang , Sabal Luigi , Eun Sang 
Published: September 2016

Background and Study Aims Endoscopic lumbar diskectomy through the interlaminar window is gaining recognition. Most of the literature describes these endoscopic procedures using specialized uniportal multichannel endoscopes. However, a single portal limits the motion of the instruments and obscures visualization of the operating field. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new technique that utilizes two portals to access the spinal canal. The biportal endoscopic lumbar decompression (BELD) technique uses two portals to treat difficult lumbar disk herniations and also lumbar spinal stenoses.
Patients and Methods Seventeen patients were treated with BELD for 11 lumbar disk herniations and 6 lumbar spinal stenoses. Preoperative back and leg visual analog scale (VAS-B and VAS-L, respectively) scores and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were recorded and compared with corresponding values on final follow-up.
Results There was an average follow-up of 14 months. For the disk herniation group, preoperative VAS-L (7.8750 ± 1.24) and ODI (51.73 ± 18.57) was significantly different from follow-up postoperative VAS-L (0.87 ± 0.64, p = 0.000) and ODI (9.37 ± 4.83, p = 0.001). For the stenosis group, preoperative VAS-B (6.17 ± 1.94), VAS-L(7.83 ± 1.47), and ODI (63.27 ± 7.67) were significantly different from follow-up postoperative values (2.5 ± 1.04, p = 0.022; 2.00 ± 1.67, p = 0.001; 24.00 ± 6.45, p = 0.000, respectively). One patient underwent revision microdiskectomy for incomplete decompression.
Conclusions BELD can achieve a similar decompression effect as microdiskectomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression with a smaller incision than tubular diskectomy.
Dupuytren-Like Contracture of the Foot: Ledderhose Disease
Authors: Akdag Osman , Yildiran Gokce , Karamese Mehtap , Tosun Zekeriya 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Plantar fibromatosis is a rare hyperproliferative disease of plantar aponeurosis and is also called Ledderhose disease. Case properties and treatment are discussed in this report.
Case Report A 30-year-old man presented with painful bilateral plantar nodules. He had multiple and bilateral fixed and solid nodules on the plantar and medial side of his feet measuring 1 cm each. Ultrasound was performed and hypoechoic homogeneous nodules were detected. The patient underwent surgery, and the nodes were removed via a plantar incision with 2-cm safety distance.
Discussion Ledderhose disease is a rare, hyperproliferative disorder of the plantar aponeurosis. The nodules are slow growing and found in the medial part of the plantar fascia. The precise etiology remains unknown. The treatment options are conservative management, steroid injections, radiotherapy, and surgery.
Conclusion The main cause of this disease remains uncertain. Related conditions should be evaluated, and a patient who presents with Dupuytren or Peyronie disease should also be investigated for Ledderhose disease.
Alkoholabhängigkeit in der primärärztlichen Versorgung: Welche Patienten werden erkannt?
Authors: Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Manthey Jakob , Trautmann Sebastian , Pieper Lars , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Der Zugang zum Suchthilfesystem wird erschwert, wenn der Hausarzt die Alkoholabhängigkeit des Patienten nicht erkennt. Wir überprüften, wie gut hausärztliche und standardisierte klinische Diagnostik übereinstimmen.
Methodik: Die deutsche Stichprobe der europaweiten APC-Studie umfasst N=1 356 Patienten, für die Diagnosestellungen durch N=76 Hausärzte bzw. das Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) vorliegen. Beide Diagnosen wurden mittels gewichteter Regressionsanalyse verglichen.
Ergebnisse: Hausärzte und CIDI-Interview identifizierten gleichviele Fälle bei geringer Überschneidung. Hausärzte erkannten insbesondere ältere und männliche Abhängige. Patienten mit psychischen Komorbiditäten, auffälligem Konsummuster, Leberproblemen oder Alltagsbeeinträchtigungen wurden nicht überzufällig unterschiedlich diagnostiziert.
Schlussfolgerung: Standardisierte diagnostische Maßnahmen könnten dabei helfen, jüngere und weibliche alkoholabhängige Hausarztpatienten besser zu identifizieren.
Tissue-specific pathway association analysis using genome-wide association study summaries
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Hao Jingcan , Zheng Shuyu , Fan Qianrui , He Awen , Wen Yan , Guo Xiong , Wu Cuiyan , Wang Sen , Yang Tielin , Shen Hui , Chen Xiangding , Tian Qing , Tan Lijun , Deng Hong-Wen , Zhang Feng 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Pathway association analysis has made great achievements in elucidating the genetic basis of human complex diseases. However, current pathway association analysis approaches fail to consider tissue-specificity.

Results
We developed a tissue-specific pathway interaction enrichment analysis algorithm (TPIEA). TPIEA was applied to two large Caucasian and Chinese genome-wide association study summary datasets of bone mineral density (BMD). TPIEA identified several significant pathways for BMD [false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.05], such as KEGG FOCAL ADHESION and KEGG AXON GUIDANCE, which had been demonstrated to be involved in the development of osteoporosis. We also compared the performance of TPIEA and classical pathway enrichment analysis, and TPIEA presented improved performance in recognizing disease relevant pathways. TPIEA may help to fill the gap of classic pathway association analysis approaches by considering tissue specificity.

Availability and Implementation
The online web tool of TPIEA is available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/tpieav1/files.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Retrospective Study Investigating the Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Manitoba, Canada: 2011–2014
Authors: Kadkhoda Kamran , Gretchen Ainsley 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHuman granulocytic anaplasmosis is currently not nationally notifiable in Canada. This for the most part accounts for gross under-estimation of true incidence and prevalence of HGA and would potentially culminate in clinical missed opportunities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a Canadian jurisdiction with known established black-legged tick populations.
Accuracy of Laboratory Data Communication on ICU Daily Rounds Using an Electronic Health Record*
Authors: Artis Kathryn A. , Dyer Edward , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
Accurately communicating patient data during daily ICU rounds is critically important since data provide the basis for clinical decision making. Despite its importance, high fidelity data communication during interprofessional ICU rounds is assumed, yet unproven. We created a robust but simple methodology to measure the prevalence of inaccurately communicated (misrepresented) data and to characterize data communication failures by type. We also assessed how commonly the rounding team detected data misrepresentation and whether data communication was impacted by environmental, human, and workflow factors.

Design:
Direct observation of verbalized laboratory data during daily ICU rounds compared with data within the electronic health record and on presenters’ paper prerounding notes.

Setting:
Twenty-six-bed academic medical ICU with a well-established electronic health record.

Subjects:
ICU rounds presenter (medical student or resident physician), interprofessional rounding team.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
During 301 observed patient presentations including 4,945 audited laboratory results, presenters used a paper prerounding tool for 94.3% of presentations but tools contained only 78% of available electronic health record laboratory data. Ninty-six percent of patient presentations included at least one laboratory misrepresentation (mean, 6.3 per patient) and 38.9% of all audited laboratory data were inaccurately communicated. Most misrepresentation events were omissions. Only 7.8% of all laboratory misrepresentations were detected.

Conclusion:
Despite a structured interprofessional rounding script and a well-established electronic health record, clinician laboratory data retrieval and communication during ICU rounds at our institution was poor, prone to omissions and inaccuracies, yet largely unrecognized by the rounding team. This highlights an important patient safety issue that is likely widely prevalent, yet underrecognized.
Placental implantation abnormalities: a modern approach
Authors: Vahanian Sevan A. , Vintzileos Anthony M. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Placental implantation abnormalities (PIAs) comprise a large group of disorders associated with significant maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity.

Recent findings
Risk factors include prior uterine surgery/myometrial scarring and the presence of placenta previa with or without prior cesarean delivery. Newly identified risk factors include previous prelabor cesarean delivery and previous postpartum hemorrhage. PIAs contribute substantially to preterm birth with prematurity rates ranging from 38 to 82%. Diagnosis is typically made by ultrasound in the second or third trimester; transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler are useful in evaluating for placental invasion, placental edge thickness, presence of fetal vessels, and cervical length. Suggestive MRI features include increased vascularity, dark T2 bands, uterine bulging, thin or indistinct myometrium, and loss of dark T2 interface. An important first-trimester finding is the implantation of the gestational sac into prior hysterotomy scar (cesarean scar pregnancy). Recommendations for delivery are universally preterm and based on expert opinion. Proposed management strategies are outlined depending on cervical length, distance between internal cervical os and placenta, and placental edge thickness.

Summary
There has been a recent shift in focus to individualizing management in order to improve delivery timing and in some cases even decrease risks associated with prematurity. There is a need for larger prospective studies or randomized trials to show that individualizing care can improve outcomes.
QUININE TOXICITY: MULTIMODAL RETINAL IMAGING AND ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY FINDINGS
Authors: Su Daniel , Robson Anthony G. , Xu David , Lightman Susan , Sarraf David 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To report the multimodal retinal imaging and electroretinography (ERG) findings of two cases with quinine toxicity.

Methods:
Retrospective case series describing the retinal imaging and ERG findings in two patients with retinal toxicity due to remote quinine exposure. Color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and full-field ERG findings are described.

Results:
Two patients with longstanding decreased vision were found to have bilateral optic disk pallor and retinal vascular attenuation indicative of chronic sequela after acute quinine toxicity. Inner retinal atrophy was identified on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and full-field ERG was consistent with generalized inner retinal dysfunction in both patients. Fundus autofluorescence failed to demonstrate any evidence of outer retinal or retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities.

Conclusion:
Quinine toxicity may be associated with vision loss secondary to inner retinal atrophy. We report two cases with a clear history of acute quinine exposure leading to similar retinal imaging findings and distinctive ERG abnormalities. Clinicians should be aware of this uncommon condition as ingestion history may be remote.
Measuring Intraocular Pressure in Patients With Keratoconus With and Without Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments
Authors: Mendez-Hernandez Carmen , Arribas-Pardo Paula , Cuiña-Sardiña Ricardo , Fernandez-Perez Cristina , Mendez-Fernandez Rosalia , Saenz-Frances Federico , Benitez-del-Castillo Jose M. , Garcia-Feijoo Julian 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made using 5 tonometers in keratoconic eyes with and without intrastromal corneal ring segments.

Methods and Patients:
This was an observational case series study. A total of 147 eyes of 147 patients with keratoconus, 74 of which had undergone corneal ring segment placement, were prospectively evaluated. IOP was measured using the tonometers Tonopen XL, Pascal dynamic contour tonometer, iCare Pro, ocular response analyzer (ORA), and Goldmann applanation (GAT) in random order. The Bland-Altman method was used to examine interinstrument agreement. Effects on readings of central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and corneal astigmatism were assessed by multivariate regression analysis.

Results:
Smallest mean IOP differences with GAT measurements in eyes without and with ring segments, respectively, were detected for iCare Pro [0.2 (2.9) mm Hg and 0.4 (3.0) mm Hg, P=0.914] and greatest differences for ORA Goldmann-correlated IOP [5.8 (3.3) mm Hg and 6.0 (3.1) mm Hg, P=0.363]. Best agreement with GAT was shown by iCare Pro (ICC=0.829; 95% CI, 0.721-0.896) and worse agreement by ORA corneal-compensated IOP (ICC=−0.145; 95% CI, −0.826 to 0.283). All but the dynamic contour tonometer readings were influenced by central corneal thickness, yet these measurements were affected by the presence of ring segments (P=0.017) and corneal astigmatism (P=0.030). Corneal curvature only affected ORA Goldmann-correlated IOP (P=0.029).

Conclusions:
All 5 tonometers provided reliable IOP readings in the keratoconic eyes regardless of the presence of corneal ring segments. iCare Pro readings were most consistent with GAT, whereas ORA readings were least consistent with this reference standard.
Optic Disc Swelling After Intraocular Pressure Lowering Treatment in Acute Primary Angle Closure
Authors: Kim Bo Hee , Lee Eun Ji 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to report cases with acute primary angle closure where optic disc swelling was documented after intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering by laser iridotomy.

Patients and Methods:
Two patients with acute primary angle closure underwent funduscopic examination of the optic disc and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography circumpapillary scanning at the time of acute primary angle closure attack before laser iridotomy, and after the laser iridotomy treatment.

Results:
Optic disc swelling was developed in both patients following IOP lowering by laser iridotomy, which was documented by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging as a diffuse thickening of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

Conclusions:
This is the first report demonstrating a temporal relationship between IOP lowering and optic disc swelling in patients with acute primary angle closure. Optic disc swelling documented after acute episode of acute primary angle closure may suggest choroidal effusion or axoplasmic overflow associated with sudden IOP lowering, rather than coexistence of other optic neuropathy.
Computer decision support for acute kidney injury: current and future
Authors: Kashani Kianoush 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Growing awareness regarding the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) as a grave consequence of critical illnesses resulted in the expansion of the need for early detection and appropriate management strategies. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can generate information to improve the care of AKI patients by providing point-of-care accurate patient-specific information and recommendations. Our objective is to describe the characteristics of CDSS and review the current knowledge regarding the impact of CDSS on patients in the acute care settings, and specifically for AKI.

Recent findings
Several recent systematic analyses showed the positive impact of CDSS on critically ill patients care processes. These studies also highlighted the scarcity of data regarding the effect of CDSS on the patient outcomes. In the field of AKI, there have been several reports to describe development and validation of homegrown CDSS and electronic alert systems. A large number of investigations showed the implementation of CDSS could improve the quality of AKI care; although, only in a very small subgroup of these studies patient outcomes improved.

Summary
The heterogeneity of these studies in their size, design, and conduct has produced controversial findings; hence, this has left the field completely open for further investigations.
FGF-23 and cardiovascular disease: review of literature
Authors: Batra Jasveen , Buttar Rupinder Singh , Kaur Pardeep , Kreimerman Jacqueline , Melamed Michal L. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
This review examines associations between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and cardiovascular disease.

Recent findings
FGF-23 is a hormone produced by osteocytes and osteoblasts that aids with phosphate excretion by the kidney and acts as a negative feedback regulator for activated vitamin D synthesis. Recent studies have found associations between elevated FGF-23 levels and a number of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular events and mortality.

Conclusion
Recent studies have explored the possible effects of FGF-23 on the cardiovascular system. In animal and observational human studies, there is a link between elevated FGF-23 levels and multiple cardiovascular outcomes, including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular events and mortality. Further studies are required to evaluate whether decreasing FGF-23 levels improves cardiovascular outcomes.
Identifying Patient Characteristics Associated With Deficits in Surgical Decision Making
Authors: Cooper Zara , Hevelone Nathanael , Sarhan Mohammad , Quinn Timothy , Bader Angela 
Published: September 2016

Background
Patient involvement in surgical decisions is formalized in the informed consent process, which should reflect that the patient understands their diagnosis, planned procedure, and the associated risks and benefits before consenting to treatment. If high-quality shared decision making has occurred, the treatment chosen should best match the goals and preferences of the patient. Little information currently exists that analyzes factors associated with decisional quality in surgery. Identifying patient factors correlated with specific deficits in preoperative decision making is essential for improvement of the shared decision-making process. This study aims to identify patient characteristics and coping strategies associated with the presence of knowledge deficits regarding their diagnosis and procedure so that interventions can be targeted to these vulnerable groups.

Methods
Approximately 882 preoperative patients were assessed regarding understanding of their diagnosis and procedure. Sociodemographic and decision-making variables were evaluated using validated measures. Univariate analysis and logistic regression models assessed factors associated with lower decisional quality.

Results
Approximately 136 (15%) of 882 patients had deficits in knowledge of diagnosis and/or procedure. Older patients were more likely to demonstrate these deficits (P = 0.0002). Using multivariate analysis, independent predictors of knowledge deficits included patients who identified themselves as Black, Asian, or other race (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–5.85; and OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.00–3.55, respectively); were older (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04); and used denial as a coping strategy (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.29–5.28). The use of acceptance as a coping strategy negatively predicted knowledge deficits (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36–0.84).

Conclusions
Specific patient factors and coping strategies are associated with deficiencies in decisional quality. Identifying vulnerable groups at risk for these issues can help target methodologies and resources to ensure high-quality surgical decision making.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Stage and the Relationship to Genital Hiatus and Perineal Body Measurements
Authors: Dunivan Gena C. , Lyons Katherine E. , Jeppson Peter C. , Ninivaggio Cara S. , Komesu Yuko M. , Alba Frances M. , Rogers Rebecca G. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
This study aimed to describe the relationship between genital hiatus (GH) and perineal body (PB) measurements with increasing pelvic organ prolapse (POP) stage in a large cohort of women referred to Urogynecology clinic for pelvic floor disorders.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of all new patients seen in an academic Urogynecology clinic between January 2007 and September 2011 was performed. Data were extracted from a standardized intake form. All patients underwent a Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) examination. Descriptive statistics compared the study population. Analysis of variance was used to compare GH and PB measurements by prolapse stage. Fisher least significant differences were used for post hoc comparisons of means between prolapse stages. Pearson correlations were used to evaluate the associations between GH and PB measurements and patient characteristics.

Results
A total of 1595 women with POPQ examinations comprised the study population. The mean age was 55.3 ± 14.8 years with a body mass index of 30.3 ± 7.6 kg/m2, most women were parous (90%), 40% were Hispanic, and 33% had undergone prior hysterectomy for indications exclusive of POP. Women with any prior prolapse repair were excluded, 6.5% had a prior incontinence procedure. Perineal body measurements were slightly larger for stage 2 POP, but overall did not vary across other prolapse stages (all P > 0.05). In contrast, GH measurements increased through stage 3 POP, GH measurements decreased for stage 4 POP.

Conclusions
Mean PB measurements did not demonstrate large changes over prolapse stage, whereas GH measurements increased through stage 3 POP. Genital hiatus serves as an important marker for underlying pelvic muscle damage.