bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The third alternative: Latino immigration from the United States to Canada, 1980 to 2009
Authors: Shihadeh Edward S. , Trovato Frank , Barranco Raymond E. 
Published: July 2017

Using a 30-year time series of national-level data, this study examines the determinants of immigration from the United States to Canada among those whose mother tongue is Spanish. Our results reveal that over the last three decades, Spanish mother-tongue immigrants to Canada increasingly originate from the United States. The trend exhibits two basic patterns. Over the long term, there is a rise in Spanish mother-tongue immigrants coming to Canada from the US, which, in a multivariate context, appears to be linked to the rise in the proportion of Latinos in the US population, as well as to the rise in anti-immigration sentiment in the United States. In the short term, such immigration appears to rise in response to economic recessions and to anti-immigration legislation in the United States. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Two centuries of demographic change in Canada
Authors: Edmonston Barry 
Published: July 2017

One key aspect of the demographic transition—the shift from high mortality and high fertility to low mortality and low fertility is a major change in the population’s age distribution from a pyramid-shaped young age structure to a pillar-shaped old age structure. This paper discusses two demographic processes affected by changes in age structure. First, there are effects on vital rates, with important differences in the observed crude rates and the implied intrinsic vital rates. Second, changes in age structure influence population momentum. More recently, demographers have noted that older age distributions associated with fertility levels below replacement have negative population momentum. Although the demographic transition has been well-described for many countries, demographers have seldom analyzed intrinsic vital rates and population momentum over time, which are dynamic processes affected by changes in the population age structure and which, in turn, influence future changes in population growth and size. This paper uses new data and methods to analyze intrinsic vital rates and population momentum across two centuries of demographic change in Canada
A Comparison of Fertility in Canada and Australia, 1926-2011
Authors: McDonald Peter , Belanger Alain 
Published: July 2017

Canada and Australia are countries that, through their histories, have had many similarities as described later in the paper. However, they have two obvious differences. First, Australia has no equivalent to the province of Quebec and is not bi-lingual[B1] . If Quebec’s fertility trend was a mirror image of the trends in other provinces in Canada, this would not present a difficulty but, as we demonstrate in this article, the differences between fertility trends in Quebec and the other Canadian provinces go some way towards explaining the historical differences between the Canadian and Australian fertility trends, but only until 1960. [B1]2 nations rather than province
X-ray fluorescence imaging
Authors: Lider V V 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Over the past two decades, numerous X-ray micro-beam studies have been published addressing the nondestructive investigation of chemical element distribution in condensed heterogeneous media. Based on this literature, some aspects of the field are discussed in this paper, including X-ray focusing methods and various elemental imaging techniques: scanning and confocal X-ray fluorescence microscopy, full-field X-ray fluorescence microscopy, X-ray fluorescence tomography, and prospects for combining X-ray fluorescence imaging with other physical methods rested on using synchrotron radiation.
Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization in the evolutionary history of closely related, endemic yellow‐flowered Aechmea species of subgenus Ortgiesia (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Goetze Márcia , Zanella Camila M. , Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Büttow Miriam V. , Bered Fernanda 
Published: July 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The yellow‐flowered Aechmea subgenus Ortgiesia (yfAsO) (Bromeliaceae) is a group of seven morphologically similar bromeliads found mostly in the southern Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. The recent origin of this group probably contributes to its taxonomic complexity. The aims of this study were to investigate the levels of genetic diversity and structure at the population and species levels, to gain insight into the processes behind the diversification of the group, and to contribute to the establishment of species boundaries.METHODS:We sequenced two noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome (rpl32‐trnL and rps16‐trnK) and the nuclear phyC gene in 204 and 153 individuals, respectively, representing the seven species of the group. Phylogeographical and population genetics approaches were used.KEY RESULTS:Three of the seven yfAsO showed some degree of genetic differentiation among species. Divergence time for the group was dated to around 4 million years ago. Areas of conservation value were identified, and a scenario of multiple refugia in the southern Brazilian Atlantic rainforest during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations is suggested.CONCLUSIONS:We hypothesized that incomplete lineage sorting and localized hybridization events are responsible for the low levels of genetic differentiation and the taxonomic complexity observed among and within the seven yfAsO species. Further studies on Aechmea comata and Aechmea kertesziae will be necessary to clarify the boundary between these two species. Most of the populations sampled showed high genetic diversity and/or unique haplotypes; they should be prioritized for conservation purposes.
Visualization of extracellular DNA released during border cell separation from the root cap
Authors: Wen Fushi , Curlango‐Rivera Gilberto , Huskey David A. , Xiong Zhongguo , Hawes Martha C. 
Published: July 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Root border cells are programmed to separate from the root cap as it penetrates the soil environment, where the cells actively secrete >100 extracellular proteins into the surrounding mucilage. The detached cells function in defense of the root tip by an extracellular trapping process that also requires DNA, as in mammalian white blood cells. Trapping in animals and plants is reversed by treatment with DNase, which results in increased infection. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of DNA in the structural integrity of extracellular structures released as border cells disperse from the root tip upon contact with water.METHODS:DNA stains including crystal violet, toluidine blue, Hoechst 33342, DAPI, and SYTOX green were added to root tips to visualize the extracellular mucilage as it absorbed water and border cell populations dispersed. DNase I was used to assess structural changes occurring when extracellular DNA was degraded.KEY RESULTS:Complex masses associated with living border cells were immediately evident in response to each stain, including those that are specific for DNA. Treating with DNase I dramatically altered the appearance of the extracellular structures and their association with border cells. No extracellular DNA was found in association with border cells killed by freezing or high‐speed centrifugation. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that, as with border cell extracellular proteins, DNA is secreted by living cells.CONCLUSION:DNA is an integral component of border cell extracellular traps.
The >100 kpc Distant Spur of the Sagittarius Stream and the Outer Virgo Overdensity, as Seen in PS1 RR Lyrae Stars
Authors: Sesar Branimir , Hernitschek Nina , Dierickx Marion I. P. , Fardal Mark A. , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We report the detection of spatially distinct stellar density features near the apocenters of the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream’s main leading and trailing arm. These features are clearly visible in a high-fidelity stellar halo map that is based on RR Lyrae from Pan-STARRS1: there is a plume of stars 10 kpc beyond the apocenter of the leading arm, and there is a “spur” extending to 130 kpc, almost 30 kpc beyond the previously detected apocenter of the trailing arm. Such an apocenter substructure is qualitatively expected in any Sgr stream model, as stars stripped from the progenitor at different pericenter passages become spatially separated there. The morphology of these new Sgr stream substructures could provide much-needed new clues and constraints for modeling the Sgr system, including the level of dynamical friction that Sgr has experienced. We also report the discovery of a new, presumably unrelated halo substructure at 80 kpc from the Sun and 10° from the Sgr orbital plane, which we dub the outer Virgo overdensity.
Fat Mass Lowers the Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Blockers in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Ibáñez Vodnizza Sebastián E. , Nurmohamed Michael T. , Visman Ingrid M. , van Denderen J. Christiaan , Lems Willem F. , Jaime Francisca , van der Horst–Bruinsma Irene E. 
Published: July 2017

Objective.Our main objective was to assess the relationship between body composition (BC) and response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) blocker treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our secondary objective was to evaluate the change of BC after treatment, accounting for sex and age.Methods.All included patients fulfilled the modified New York criteria for AS and were naive to TNF-α blocker. They were followed for at least 6 months after the start of etanercept or adalimumab. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score containing C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) were reported. BC was assessed by whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index (FMI), and fat free mass index (FFMI) were reported as absolute values and as percentiles.Results.Forty-one patients were included (61% men). The median followup was 14.3 months (interquartile range 8.4–19.4). After multivariate regression analysis, more fat at baseline (BF%, FMI, or FMI percentile) was significantly related with a lower chance of achieving a clinically important improvement of the ASDAS-CRP or BASDAI after treatment. The body composition did not change significantly after treatment, but there was a trend toward muscle recovery in men (FFMI change from 34.0th to 37.4th percentile).Conclusion.Higher body fat content at baseline was independently associated with a worse response to treatment with TNF-α blockers, measured by ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI change, and might contribute to the lower response rates in female patients. Also, there is a trend toward muscle mass recovery in male patients after treatment.
Understanding and Finding Solutions to the Problem of Sedimentation in the National Wildlife Refuge System
Authors: van der Burg Max Post , Jenni Karen E. , Nieman Timothy L. , Eash Josh D. , Knutsen Gregory A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System) is a collection of public lands maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for migratory birds and other wildlife. Wetlands on individual National Wildlife Refuges (Refuges) may be at risk of increased sedimentation because of land use and water management practices. Increased sedimentation can reduce wetland habitat quality by altering hydrologic function, degrading water quality, and inhibiting growth of vegetation and invertebrates. On Refuges negatively affected by increased sedimentation, managers have to address complex questions about how to best remediate and mitigate the negative effects. The best way to account for these complexities is often not clear. On other Refuges, managers may not know whether sedimentation is a problem. Decision makers in the Refuge System may need to allocate resources to studying which Refuges could be at risk. Such analyses would help them understand where to direct support for managing increased sedimentation. In this paper, we summarize a case study demonstrating the use of decision-analytic tools in the development of a sedimentation management plan for Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota. Using what we learned from that process, we surveyed other Refuges in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 (an area encompassing the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin) and Region 6 (an area encompassing the states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming) about whether they experience sediment-related impacts to management. Our results show that cases of management being negatively affected by increased sedimentation are not isolated. We suggest that the Refuge System conduct a comprehensive and systematic assessment of increased sedimentation among Refuges to understand the importance of sedimentation in context with other management problems that Refuges face. The results of such an assessment could guide how the Refuge System allocates resources to studying and managing widespread stressors.
Quand l’album de jeunesse innove pour mettre en scène la guerre
Authors: Gagne Nelly Chabrol 
Published: July 2017

Dans cet article qui se propose d’analyser quelques images d’albums de jeunesse contemporains, français ou traduits en français, trois axes d’étude littéraire seront privilégiés pour montrer comment les guerres y sont mises en scène. D’une part, l’écriture autobiographique témoigne de l’enfance de deux auteurs illustrateurs, Uri Shulevitz et Peter Sís, qui vécurent en temps de guerre, après le bombardement de Varsovie ou derrière le rideau de fer. D’autre part, l’écriture de la limite, choisie par Pef et Dedieu, insiste sur le souci « d’imager » frontalement l’horreur des guerres qui massacrent des civils ou ont fait vivre l’enfer aux Poilus. Enfin, l’écriture contrapuntique considère comment des artistes travaillant en duo, Davide Cali et Serge Bloch ou Didier Lévy et Katrin Stangl, exploitent le potentiel iconotextuel de l’album pour dénoncer la guerre tout en plébiscitant les forces gagnantes que sont à la fois l’intelligence et l’imagination. Ainsi, quelques-unes des audaces de la création auctoriale et éditoriale, lorsqu’il s’agit d’albums de jeunesse portant sur des conflits du 20e siècle, auront été mises en lumière.
Biblioteca del Niño Mexicano (1899-1901) y Episodios Mexicanos (1981-1982) : ficciones históricas ilustradas, ¿sólo para niños ?
Authors: Lecouvey Marie , Bonilla Helia 
Published: July 2017

L’histoire nationale mexicaine est narrée aux enfants et aux adolescents par le biais de deux séries où l’introduction d’intrigues fictionnelles et d’images les rend plus attractives. La première série est l’œuvre d’un écrivain déjà expert dans l’art de mêler histoire et fiction (H. Frías) et d’un illustrateur bien connu (J. G. Posada) ; elle est publiée par un éditeur privé et présentée comme un instrument d’éducation, bénéfique aussi bien pour l’enfant que pour la nation. La seconde est illustrée par plusieurs équipes de dessinateurs (il s’agit de bandes dessinées), guidés par des équipes interdisciplinaires de chercheurs en histoire et autres sciences sociales, et publiée par le ministère de l’éducation : son objectif initial est de donner à tous (enfants et adultes) l’accès à la vérité historique. Fruit de deux époques séparées par la révolution mexicaine, ces deux collections, fondamentalement différentes, pourraient bien présenter plus de points communs que l’on ne l’imagine.
Chronic In Vivo Interaction of Dendritic Cells Expressing the Ligand Rae-1ε with NK Cells Impacts NKG2D Expression and Function
Authors: Morvan Maelig G , Champsaur Marine , Reizis Boris , Lanier Lewis L 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
To investigate how dendritic cells (DCs) interact with NK cells in vivo, we developed a novel mouse model in which Rae-1ε, a ligand of the NKG2D receptor, is expressed in cells with high levels of CD11c. In these CD11c-Rae1 mice, expression of Rae-1 was confirmed on all subsets of DCs and a small subset of B and T cells, but not on NK cells. DC numbers and activation status were unchanged, and NK cells in these CD11c-Rae1 mice presented the same Ly49 repertoire and maturation levels as their littermate wildtype controls. Early NK cell activation after mouse CMV infection was slightly lower than in wildtype mice, but NK cell expansion and viral control were comparable. Notably, we demonstrate that chronic interaction of NK cells with NKG2D ligand–expressing DCs leads to a reversible NKG2D down-modulation, as well as impaired NKG2D-dependent NK cell functions, including tumor rejection. In addition to generating a useful mouse model, our studies reveal in vivo the functional importance of the NK cell and DC cross-talk.
Lacrimal Gland NK Cells Are Developmentally and Functionally Similar to Conventional NK Cells
Authors: Erick Timothy K , Grigoryan Lilit , Brossay Laurent 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The murine lacrimal gland (LG), which produces crucial components of the ocular tear film, contains a population of NK cells. LG NK cells appear to belong to the conventional NK cell lineage, based on their cell surface receptor and transcription factor expression, absence in NFIL3−/− mice, and lack of RORγt expression during development. LG NK cells produce IFN-γ during the early stages of systemic murine CMV (MCMV) infection. This effector response occurs in the absence of noticeable MCMV replication in the LG, indicating that LG NK cells are being activated by soluble factors. However, the magnitude of LG NK cell IFN-γ production during MCMV infection is significantly lower than for spleen and liver NK cells. Adoptive-transfer experiments in lymphopenic mice revealed that this hyporesponsive phenotype is tissue specific, which indicates that LG NK cells can produce a robust effector response.
Role for ZAP-70 Signaling in the Differential Effector Functions of Rituximab and Obinutuzumab (GA101) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells
Authors: Skopelja-Gardner Sladjana , Jones Jonathan D. , Hamilton B. JoNell , Danilov Alexey V. , Rigby William F. C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Rituximab (RTX) has been the hallmark anti-CD20 mAb for the treatment of B cell neoplasms, including B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Recently, a novel humanized anti-CD20 mAb obinutuzumab (GA101) has been implemented as first-line CLL therapy. Treatment of CLL patients with RTX is associated with CD20 loss via an FcγR-mediated process, trogocytosis. RTX-induced trogocytosis has been characterized as both the means of resistance to therapy, via loss of cell surface target proteins (antigenic modulation), as well as a process that alters B cell phenotype and function. This study investigates the nature and clinical relevance of GA101-mediated trogocytosis. In this study, we demonstrate that GA101 is a more potent mediator of trogocytosis than RTX in vitro in both normal B cells and B-CLL cells. Qualitative differences in the effector function of these anti-CD20 Abs appear specific to B-CLL cells. GA101-mediated CD19 and CD20 trogocytosis from B-CLL cells is associated with its ability to induce homotypic adhesion (HA). The degree of HA varies between CLL patients and positively correlates with the expression of ZAP-70, a BCR-associated kinase. Deregulation of ZAP-70 using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, gefitinib or ibrutinib, diminishes HA formation and trogocytosis by GA101. Taken together, these findings elucidate the differences in trogocytosis and HA formation mediated by anti-CD20 mAbs RTX and GA101, as well as provide a novel link between ZAP-70 expression and these effector functions.
Getting boarded and beyond; a personalized guide for international medical graduates
Authors: Sagar Ala-Eddin , Al Dliw Majdi 
Published: July 2017

For some international medical graduates (IMGs), becom- ing an American Board of Medicine Diplomate (ABIM) may sound extremely hard or perhaps impossible. Those who think this way forget the obvious fact that almost 25 percent of the medical workforce in the United States started exactly like them as international medical graduates. It may also come to everyone’s surprise that the number of non-US citizens IMGs continues to grow, and has been the highest ever last year based on the latest National Resi- dency Matching Program Report. Moreover, the match rate for non-U.S. citizen IMGs continues to grow to reach 50.5% in 2016, up from 49.4% in 2015.In this paper, we reflect on our own journey from being in- ternational medical graduates preparing for the United States Medical Licensing Exams (USMLEs) to American board certified physicians and will take you a step further through the initial steps of fellowship. We hope this will help guide other IMG’s to make their dream, one day, come true.
Metformin treatment decreases mTOR mRNA level in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Alalem Mohamed , Ray Alpana , Ray Bimal 
Published: July 2017

Besides the involvement of mTOR activity in several cancer conditions, evidence exists that increased total mTOR protein level might be linked to some cancer conditions such as colorectal carcinoma. The increase in total mTOR protein level in colon cancer was found to be associated with enhanced tumor progression and poor prognosis. Total mTOR protein level is elevated in breast cancer cells compared to their nonmalignant counterparts. High mTOR protein level in breast cancer cells could be attributed to decreased mTOR protein degradation, increased mTOR protein expression, or both. Increased protein expression may involve an increase in the gene expression.Here, we investigated the possibility of increased MTOR gene expression as a potential underlying cause of the elevated total mTOR protein in breast cancer cells. Our results suggest that transcription of MTOR gene is increased in the estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to other breast cell lines. DNA sequencing of the MTOR promoter identified sequence variations in MCF-7 cells, which could be potentially involved in upregulation of mTOR expression. Among these variations is a truncation of guanine thymine dinucleotide (GT) n repeat region in MCF-7 cells, which might be possibly implicated in the elevated transcription of MTOR gene in these cells. Moreover, our results revealed that metformin treatment, profoundly decreased mTOR mRNA levels in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.In conclusion, unraveling the potential mechanisms involved in the regulation of mTOR expression in breast cancer cells could provide an avenue for optimizing the efficacy of breast cancer treatment regimens.
Desastre, destruição, criação: do nada às cinzas
Authors: Terenzi Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7917.2016v21n1p114Este artigo propõe discutir, de maneira sucinta, acerca do nada, do fogo, das cinzas e do poder de criação que deles deriva. Para levar a cabo esta discussão, inicialmente nos valeremos de alguns conceitos filosóficos abordados por Martin Heidegger. Em seguida, discutiremos a leitura efetuada por Jacques Derrida sobre o conceito de Geist (Espírito) em Heidegger. Derrida irá investigar o uso desta palavra e suas variantes ao longo da obra filosófica de Heidegger, identificando possíveis leituras que estariam ocultas e que descortinariam um teatro heideggeriano em torno desta palavra. A leitura do filósofo da desconstrução tece importantes considerações e permite ao leitor novas aproximações à obra heideggeriana. Com estes dois eixos definidos, elaboramos uma leitura que põe de manifesto a relação entre os seguintes conceitos: o nada, o fogo e as cinzas, relacionados com o ato de criação. Ao longo do artigo destacamos outros escritores e filósofos, tais como Heráclito, Habermas, Wittgenstein e Beckett.