bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When can embryos learn? A test of the timing of learning in embryonic amphibians
Authors: Sehr Evie K. , Beasley Lindsay N. , Wilson Kurtis W. , Gall Brian G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLearning is crucial to the survival of organisms across their life span, including during embryonic development. We set out to determine when learning becomes possible in amphibian development by exposing spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) embryos to chemical stimuli from a predator (Ambystoma opacum), nonpredator (Lithobates clamitans), or control at developmental stages 16–21 or 36–38 (Harrison ). Once exposures were completed and embryos hatched, we recorded the number of movements and time spent moving of individuals in both groups and all treatments. There was no significant difference in number of movements or time spent moving among any of the treatments. The groups that were exposed to predator stimuli and a blank control at stages 36–38 were also tested to determine whether there was a difference in refuge preference or difference in survivorship when exposed to a predator (marbled salamander). There was no difference in survival or refuge preference between individuals; however, all individuals preferred vegetated over open areas regardless of treatment type. We discuss hypotheses for the absence of embryonic learning in this species and suggest it may be the result of the intensity of the predator–prey interaction between the predator, large marbled salamander larvae, and the prey, spotted salamander larvae.
Well‐balanced finite difference weighted essentially non‐oscillatory schemes for the blood flow model
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Li Gang , Delestre Olivier 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe blood flow model maintains the steady‐state solutions, in which the flux gradients are non‐zero but exactly balanced by the source term. In this paper, we design high order finite difference weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) schemes to this model with such well‐balanced property and at the same time keeping genuine high order accuracy. Rigorous theoretical analysis as well as extensive numerical results all indicate that the resulting schemes verify high order accuracy, maintain the well‐balanced property, and keep good resolution for smooth and discontinuous solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding and Not Finding Rat Perirhinal Neuronal Responses to Novelty
Authors: von Linstow Roloff Eva , Muller Robert U. , Brown Malcolm W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThere is much evidence that the perirhinal cortex of both rats and monkeys is important for judging the relative familiarity of visual stimuli. In monkeys many studies have found that a proportion of perirhinal neurons respond more to novel than familiar stimuli. There are fewer studies of perirhinal neuronal responses in rats, and those studies based on exploration of objects, have raised into question the encoding of stimulus familiarity by rat perirhinal neurons. For this reason, recordings of single neuronal activity were made from the perirhinal cortex of rats so as to compare responsiveness to novel and familiar stimuli in two different behavioral situations. The first situation was based upon that used in “paired viewing” experiments that have established rat perirhinal differences in immediate early gene expression for novel and familiar visual stimuli displayed on computer monitors. The second situation was similar to that used in the spontaneous object recognition test that has been widely used to establish the involvement of rat perirhinal cortex in familiarity discrimination. In the first condition 30 (25%) of 120 perirhinal neurons were visually responsive; of these responsive neurons 19 (63%) responded significantly differently to novel and familiar stimuli. In the second condition eight (53%) of 15 perirhinal neurons changed activity significantly in the vicinity of objects (had “object fields”); however, for none (0%) of these was there a significant activity change related to the familiarity of an object, an incidence significantly lower than for the first condition. Possible reasons for the difference are discussed. It is argued that the failure to find recognition‐related neuronal responses while exploring objects is related to its detectability by the measures used, rather than the absence of all such signals in perirhinal cortex. Indeed, as shown by the results, such signals are found when a different methodology is used. © 2016 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving Agricultural Management in a Large‐Scale Paddy Field by Using Remotely Sensed Data in the Ceres‐Rice Model
Authors: Rezaei Mojtaba , Shahnazari Ali , Raeini Sarjaz Mahmoud , Vazifedoust Majid 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCompared to the small‐scale situation, some constraints in large‐scale rice fields have caused crop growth models to fail to reach an acceptable estimate of yield. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of enhancing the accuracy of the CERES‐Rice model prediction at a large scale through the use of Landsat 5 satellite imagery (termed ‘assimilation’). Firstly, the model was calibrated by data taken from local research. The model accuracy was then evaluated in 110 paddy fields over 26 000 ha (method A). Then the model was recalibrated by paddy yield estimated from Landsat 5 image (method B). The two methods were compared based on their results. The results revealed that RMSEn in simulating grain yield in small‐scale field experiments on the Hashemi cultivar for calibration and validation of the model were 9 and 8%, respectively (R2 = 0.7), which indicated the model's high accuracy in yield prediction. While RMSEn in simulating grain yield in large‐scale (methods A) was 22% (R2 = 0.54), the use of Landsat images in the assimilation method (method B) increased its accuracy dramatically to RMSEn of 12.7% (R2 = 0.72). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in left bundle branch block canine model: Comparison between cine and tagged MRI
Authors: Saporito Salvatore , van Assen Hans C. , Houthuizen Patrick , Aben Jean‐Paul M.M. , Strik Marc , van Middendorp Lars B. , Prinzen Frits W. , Mischi Massimo 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo compare cine and tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for left ventricular dyssynchrony assessment in left bundle branch block (LBBB), using the time‐to‐peak contraction timing, and a novel approach based on cross‐correlation.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated a canine model dataset (n = 10) before (pre‐LBBB) and after induction of isolated LBBB (post‐LBBB). Multislice short‐axis tagged and cine MRI images were acquired using a 1.5 T scanner. We computed contraction time maps by cross‐correlation, based on the timing of radial wall motion and of circumferential strain. Finally, we estimated dyssynchrony as the standard deviation of the contraction time over the different regions of the myocardium.ResultsInduction of LBBB resulted in a significant increase in dyssynchrony (cine: 13.0 ± 3.9 msec for pre‐LBBB, and 26.4 ± 5.0 msec for post‐LBBB, P = 0.005; tagged: 17.1 ± 5.0 msec at for pre‐LBBB, and 27.9 ± 9.8 msec for post‐LBBB, P = 0.007). Dyssynchrony assessed by cine and tagged MRI were in agreement (r = 0.73, P = 0.0003); differences were in the order of time difference between successive frames of 20 msec (bias: –2.9 msec; limit of agreement: 10.1 msec). Contraction time maps were derived; agreement was found in the contraction patterns derived from cine and tagged MRI (mean difference in contraction time per segment: 3.6 ± 13.7 msec).ConclusionThis study shows that the proposed method is able to quantify dyssynchrony after induced LBBB in an animal model. Cine‐assessed dyssynchrony agreed with tagged‐derived dyssynchrony, in terms of magnitude and spatial direction. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:956–963.
Characterizing gradient echo signal decays in gynecologic cancers at 3T using a Gaussian augmentation of the monoexponential (GAME) model
Authors: Ciris Pelin A. , Balasubramanian Mukund , Damato Antonio L. , Seethamraju Ravi T. , Tempany‐Afdhal Clare M. , Mulkern Robert V. , Viswanathan Akila N. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo assess whether
mapping with a standard Monoexponential (ME) or a Gaussian Augmentation of the Monoexponential (GAME) decay model better characterizes gradient‐echo signal decays in gynecological cancers after external beam radiation therapy at 3T, and evaluate implications of modeling for noninvasive identification of intratumoral hypoxia.Materials and Methods: Multi‐gradient‐echo signals were acquired on 25 consecutive patients with gynecologic cancers and three healthy participants during inhalation of different oxygen concentrations at 3T. Data were fitted with both ME and GAME models. Models were compared using F‐tests in tumors and muscles in patients, muscles, cervix, and uterus in healthy participants, and across oxygenation levels.ResultsGAME significantly improved fitting over ME (P < 0.05): Improvements with GAME covered 34% of tumor regions‐of‐interest on average, ranging from 6% (of a vaginal tumor) to 68% (of a cervical tumor) in individual tumors. Improvements with GAME were more prominent in areas that would be assumed hypoxic based on ME alone, reaching 90% as ME
approached 100 Hz. Gradient echo decay parameters at different oxygenation levels were not significantly different (P = 0.81).Conclusion
may prove sensitive to hypoxia; however, inaccurate representations of underlying data may limit the success of quantitative assessments. Although the degree to which R2 or σ values correlate with hypoxia remains unknown, improved characterization with GAME increases the potential for determining any correlates of fit parameters with biomarkers, such as oxygenation status. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:1020–1030.
An innovative photographic database for cutaneous facial defects
Authors: Miller Matthew Q. , Rikhi Shefali R. , Park Stephen S. , Christophel John J. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo construct an easy‐to‐use server‐based database that stores photographs of patients undergoing reconstructive surgery for cutaneous facial defects and organizes them in a manner best suited for rapid search and education.Study DesignAn institutional review board‐approved user‐modifiable database was designed using OnBase software (Hyland Software Inc., Westlake, OH) to store both the photographs of patients undergoing reconstructive surgery and the pertinent clinical data.MethodsWe designed a database using the OnBase software system (Hyland Software Inc.) to catalog patient data and photographs (pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative) and allow searches based on key data points. The database operates on three different frames: an upload frame, retrieval frame, and patient document frame. Data entry was based on patients undergoing facial reconstruction of Mohs defects, and upload is in the form of 25 keywords for which data values are entered via dropdown menus. Keyword entry describes defect description, flap nomenclature, flap design, outcomes, and complications.ResultsThe database allows easy and rapid searches of case examples based on a number of criteria. It allows the user to view multiple examples of different patients with a given defect as defined by location, depth, and size.ConclusionServer‐based database systems such as OnBase (Hyland Software Inc.) provide platforms that can be used to create user‐friendly photograph and data collection systems. Our database provides a way to educate medical students and surgeons‐in‐training, review personal outcomes, and exercise continued practice‐based learning. Implementation of similar databases could potentially be utilized around the globe to facilitate education and self‐assessment because OnBase (Hyland Software Inc.) and other similar software platforms are widely available within healthcare systems. Laryngoscope, 2016 Laryngoscope, 126:2451–2455, 2016
External bioresorbable airway rigidification to treat refractory localized tracheomalacia
Authors: Gorostidi François , Reinhard Antoine , Monnier Philippe , Sandu Kishore 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisOur study evaluates the efficacy of extraluminal bioresorbable plates to treat refractory localized airway malacia in patients undergoing corrective surgery for complex multilevel laryngotracheal stenosis.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsSecondary malacic airway segments were characterized (severity, site, type) by a dynamic transnasal flexible laryngotracheobronchoscopy before surgery. Extraluminal bioresorbable plates were used to stabilize the malacic segment through a transcervical approach under intraoperative flexible endoscopic guidance. Results were evaluated subjectively and by a postoperative dynamic endoscopy. We report our experience in seven patients (6 children, 1 adult).ResultsExternal tracheal stiffening allowed complete or partial resolution of refractory proximal airway malacia in six of seven complex cases described (result in one case is awaited). It allowed quick decannulation in four of seven patients who experienced multiple previous failures. Decannulation failures were due to recurrence of stenosis. With up to 2 years of follow‐up, we report no direct complications related to the presence of extraluminal bioresorbable plates around the airway.ConclusionExtraluminal biodegradable tracheal stiffening represents a valid therapeutic option in select cases of upper airway malacia. It can be highly useful in cases of complex multilevel airway obstructions. External stiffening needs to be planned on a case‐to‐case basis according to the type of malacia and must be performed under endoscopic guidance.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2605–2610, 2016
Diverse clinical and laboratory manifestations of bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Moon Myunggi , Chang Sun O , Kim Min‐Beom 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) on the video head impulse test (vHIT).Study DesignRetrospective chart analysis.MethodsDuring 23 months, 1,789 patients with dizziness underwent vHIT in our tertiary referral hospital. Of these patients, 65 (3.6%) patients had bilaterally positive catch‐up saccades. Based on the caloric test, 15 (group 1) had bilateral caloric weakness, 13 (group 2) had unilateral caloric weakness, and 37 (group 3) had normal caloric responses on both ears. We collected data on these patients regarding demographics, symptoms, gain, and type of saccade on horizontal canal plane vHIT, as well as gain and time constant on velocity step of the rotatory chair test.ResultsThe average age of group 2 (70.38 ± 11.96 years) and group 3 (69.03 ± 11.01 years) were significantly older than that of group 1 (54.80 ± 11.96 years) (P = 0.029, P = 0.003, respectively). Although all patients had bilaterally positive vHIT, 10 of 15 in group 1 were finally diagnosed as classical BVP by clinical features. On comparison of average gain on bilateral horizontal vHIT, groups 2 (0.71 ± 0.17) and 3 (0.80 ± 0.14) had higher gain compared to group 1 (0.45 ± 0.22) (P = 0.001, P = 0.000, respectively). On velocity step test, time constant and gain of group 3 (11.60 ± 3.07, 0.49 ± 0.13) was significantly higher than those of group 1 (4.92 ± 1.36, 0.22 ± 0.17) (P = 0.000, P = 0.004, respectively). On the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, vHIT alone seemed to be a discordant method for diagnosis of BVP compared to the caloric and step velocity tests.ConclusionAbout 3.6% patients with dizziness showed bilateral vestibular ocular reflex deficit during high‐frequency acceleration, which was prevalent especially in elderly patients. Also, positive bilateral vHIT does not always correlate with caloric or rotatory chair test results. This may imply that a diverse spectrum of vestibulopathies exist according to the stimulation frequency of deficit.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:E42–E49, 2017
Clinimetric testing of the comprehensive cervical dystonia rating scale
Authors: Comella Cynthia L. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Jinnah Hyder A. , Waliczek Tracy A. , Rosen Ami R. , Galpern Wendy R. , Adler Charles A. , Barbano Richard L. , Factor Stewart A. , Goetz Christopher G. , Jankovic Joseph , Reich Stephen G. , Rodriguez Ramon L. , Severt William L. , Zurowski Mateusz , Fox Susan H. , Stebbins Glenn T. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study was to test the clinimetric properties of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia Rating Scale. This is a modular scale with modifications of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (composed of three subscales assessing motor severity, disability, and pain) now referred to as the revised Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Scale‐2; a newly developed psychiatric screening instrument; and the Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile‐58 as a quality of life measure.MethodsTen dystonia experts rated subjects with cervical dystonia using the comprehensive scale. Clinimetric techniques assessed each module of the scale for reliability, item correlation, and factor structure.ResultsThere were 208 cervical dystonia patients (73% women; age, 59 ± 10 years; duration, 15 ± 12 years). Internal consistency of the motor severity subscale was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.57). Item to total correlations showed that elimination of items with low correlations (<0.20) increased alpha to 0.71. Internal consistency estimates for the subscales for disability and pain were 0.88 and 0.95, respectively. The psychiatric screening scale had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 and satisfactory item to total correlations. When the subscales of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Scale‐2 were combined with the psychiatric screening scale, Cronbach's alpha was 0.88, and construct validity assessment demonstrated four rational factors: motor; disability; pain; and psychiatric disorders. The Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile‐58 had an alpha of 0.98 and its construction was validated through a confirmatory factor analysis.ConclusionsThe modules of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia Rating Scale are internally consistent with a logical factor structure. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Retrospective respiratory self‐gating and removal of bulk motion in pulmonary UTE MRI of neonates and adults
Authors: Higano Nara S. , Hahn Andrew D. , Tkach Jean A. , Cao Xuefeng , Walkup Laura L. , Thomen Robert P. , Merhar Stephanie L. , Kingma Paul S. , Fain Sean B. , Woods Jason C. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo implement pulmonary three‐dimensional (3D) radial ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) MRI in non‐sedated, free‐breathing neonates and adults with retrospective motion tracking of respiratory and intermittent bulk motion, to obtain diagnostic‐quality, respiratory‐gated images.MethodsPulmonary 3D radial UTE MRI was performed at 1.5 tesla (T) during free breathing in neonates and adult volunteers for validation. Motion‐tracking waveforms were obtained from the time course of each free induction decay's initial point (i.e., k‐space center), allowing for respiratory‐gated image reconstructions that excluded data acquired during bulk motion. Tidal volumes were calculated from end‐expiration and end‐inspiration images. Respiratory rates were calculated from the Fourier transform of the motion‐tracking waveform during quiet breathing, with comparison to physiologic prediction in neonates and validation with spirometry in adults.ResultsHigh‐quality respiratory‐gated anatomic images were obtained at inspiration and expiration, with less respiratory blurring at the expense of signal‐to‐noise for narrower gating windows. Inspiration‐expiration volume differences agreed with physiologic predictions (neonates; Bland‐Altman bias = 6.2 mL) and spirometric values (adults; bias = 0.11 L). MRI‐measured respiratory rates compared well with the observed rates (biases = −0.5 and 0.2 breaths/min for neonates and adults, respectively).ConclusionsThree‐dimensional radial pulmonary UTE MRI allows for retrospective respiratory self‐gating and removal of intermittent bulk motion in free‐breathing, non‐sedated neonates and adults. Magn Reson Med 77:1284–1295, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Effects of glass fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)
Authors: Arifin Willson , Kuboki Takashi 
Published: March 2016

This study investigates the effects of glass fiber on the mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial polyester, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH). PHBH composites were prepared by melt‐compounding and injection molding, using PHBH with 3‐hydroxyhexanoate (3HH) molar fractions of 5.6% and 11.1%, and short glass fiber content varying from 0 to 23 volume percent. Tensile test results suggested that the glass fiber addition significantly increased Young's modulus and strength of PHBH. The Halpin–Tsai and Tsai–Pagano equations were used to predict Young's modulus of PHBH composites while the modified Kelly–Tyson model with the Bowyer–Bader method were used for strength prediction. These predictions gave reasonable estimates for the mechanical properties of PHBH composites. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggested that glass fiber addition had little effect on the degree of crystallinity of PHBH, as well as on the crystallization half‐time of PHBH containing 5.6 mol% 3HH. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:491–503, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers