bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital
Authors: Alkorashy Hanan A. Ezzat , Al Moalad Fawziah Bakheet 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundViolence against nurses is a major challenge for healthcare administrators. It is gaining more attention because it has a negative impact on nurses, the quality of health care and health organization. Common types of violence include physical harassment, sexual abuse, aggression, mobbing and bullying. Patients, their relatives and co‐workers are considered the main perpetrators.AimTo determine the prevalence rate of workplace violence against nursing professionals in a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, most frequent type and perpetrators as well as the contributing factors.MethodsThis quantitative cross‐sectional study adapted a survey questionnaire from the Massachusetts Nurses Association Survey on Workplace Violence/Abuse to collect data from a quota sample of 370 nursing personnel.ResultsAlmost half of the participants had experienced violence in the professional setting during the 12 months prior to the study. The majority of subjects perceived workplace violence as verbal abuse. Nearly all nursing professionals identified patients as the leading cause. Slightly more than half mentioned understaffing, misunderstandings, long waits for service and lack of staff training and policies for preventing crisis as contributing factors.Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyThe prevalence rate is extremely high among nurses in the targeted Saudi university hospital. Saudi health as well as university hospitals’ administration and policy makers should adopt and introduce a ‘zero tolerance policy', set standards and develop practical measures for preventing the incidence and for controlling the prevalence of violence against nurses. Besides, healthcare organizations, particularly hospitals, can fulfil their obligations to provide both staff and patients with more secure environment. Further research on the topic is needed.
Relationship between nurses' practice environments and nursing outcomes in Turkey
Authors: Topçu İ. , Türkmen E. , Badır A. , Göktepe N. , Miral M. , Albayrak S. , Kebapçı A. , Serbest Ş. , Özcan D. 
Published: February 2016

AimThis study aimed to understand nursing practice environment characteristics in Istanbul‐area hospitals in Turkey, the relationship between these characteristics, nurse burnout levels and nurses' intentions to leave work.BackgroundA well‐known relationship exists in many countries between nursing practice environments and nurse burnout and intention to leave work. However, little is known about the relationship between practice environment characteristics and nursing outcomes in Turkey.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 2592 nurses in 20 Ministry of Health and 29 private hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. A demographic questionnaire, Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used for data collection.ResultsAlmost half of nurses suffered from high‐level burnout related to emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, and one‐third reported depersonalization and the intent to leave their jobs within a year. A poor nursing practice environment was the leading factor, increasing nurses' burnout levels in all subdimensions. Burnout related to emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and poor practice environment increased intention to leave. Permanent positions decreased intention.DiscussionThere was a relationship between poor practice environments and nursing outcomes in Turkey.LimitationsThe use of a survey data collection method is a potential study limitation. Quantitative and qualitative methods could be combined to obtain more detailed objective data about nursing practice environments.ConclusionPoor practice environments, high‐level burnout and intention to leave work are significant problems in Istanbul, Turkey. Favourable practice environments and job security should be provided to improve nursing outcomes.Implications for nursing policyPolicymakers and nurse managers should be aware of any negative issues regarding nursing practice environments and job security to improve nursing outcomes.
Delayed grafting for banked skin graft in lymph node flap transfer
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Date Shivprasad , Orfaniotis Georgios , Dower Rory , Nicoli Fabio , Maruccia Michele , Lin Shu‐Ping , Chuang Chu‐Yi , Chuang Tsan‐Yu , Wang Gou‐Jen , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOver the last decade, lymph node flap (LNF) transfer has turned out to be an effective method in the management of lymphoedema of extremities. Most of the time, the pockets created for LNF cannot be closed primarily and need to be resurfaced with split thickness skin grafts. Partial graft loss was frequently noted in these cases. The need to prevent graft loss on these iatrogenic wounds made us explore the possibility of attempting delayed skin grafting. We have herein reported our experience with delayed grafting with autologous banked split skin grafts in cases of LNF transfer for lymphoedema of the extremities. Ten patients with International Society of Lymphology stage II–III lymphoedema of upper or lower extremity were included in this study over an 8‐month period. All patients were thoroughly evaluated and subjected to lymph node flap transfer. The split skin graft was harvested and banked at the donor site, avoiding immediate resurfacing over the flap. The same was carried out in an aseptic manner as a bedside procedure after confirming flap viability and allowing flap swelling to subside. Patients were followed up to evaluate long‐term outcomes. Flap survival was 100%. Successful delayed skin grafting was done between the 4th and 6th post‐operative day as a bedside procedure under local anaesthesia. The split thickness skin grafts (STSG) takes more than 97%. One patient needed additional medications during the bedside procedure. All patients had minimal post‐operative pain and skin graft requirement. The patients were also reported to be satisfied with the final aesthetic results. There were no complications related to either the skin grafts or donor sites during the entire period of follow‐up. Delayed split skin grafting is a reliable method of resurfacing lymph node flaps and has been shown to reduce the possibility of flap complications as well as the operative time and costs.
‘Disability Means, um, Dysfunctioning People’: A Qualitative Analysis of the Meaning and Experience of Disability among Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Monteleone Rebecca , Forrester‐Jones Rachel 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThere has been little qualitative analysis of the experience of stigma, social comparisons and conception of identity among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). This study aimed to develop an understanding of how adults with intellectual disabilities experience their own disability, and any implications relating to self‐esteem, stigma and social interactions.Materials and MethodsFifteen adults with intellectual disabilities were interviewed using semi‐structured, open‐ended questions regarding disability, social interactions and self‐esteem. Interviews were analysed independently by two researchers using interpretive phenomenological analysis.ResultsThree major themes emerged during analysis, exploring pressure on participants to behave in a socially normative way, tendency to produce personal definitions of disability and consistently limited knowledge of and discomfort around common disability terminology.ConclusionsParticipants' clearly experienced feelings of difference, despite a lack of articulation. Limited understanding of both terminology and conceptualization of disability status could negatively impact self‐esteem, person‐centred actions and political movement.
Metformin prevents the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on airway epithelial tight junctions and restricts hyperglycaemia‐induced bacterial growth
Authors: Patkee Wishwanath R. A. , Carr Georgina , Baker Emma H. , Baines Deborah L. , Garnett James P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLung disease and elevation of blood glucose are associated with increased glucose concentration in the airway surface liquid (ASL). Raised ASL glucose is associated with increased susceptibility to infection by respiratory pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have previously shown that the anti‐diabetes drug, metformin, reduces glucose‐induced S. aureus growth across in vitro airway epithelial cultures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metformin has the potential to reduce glucose‐induced P. aeruginosa infections across airway epithelial (Calu‐3) cultures by limiting glucose permeability. We also explored the effect of P. aeruginosa and metformin on airway epithelial barrier function by investigating changes in tight junction protein abundance. Apical P. aeruginosa growth increased with basolateral glucose concentration, reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased paracellular glucose flux. Metformin pre‐treatment of the epithelium inhibited the glucose‐induced growth of P. aeruginosa, increased TEER and decreased glucose flux. Similar effects on bacterial growth and TEER were observed with the AMP activated protein kinase agonist, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide. Interestingly, metformin was able to prevent the P. aeruginosa‐induced reduction in the abundance of tight junction proteins, claudin‐1 and occludin. Our study highlights the potential of metformin to reduce hyperglycaemia‐induced P. aeruginosa growth through airway epithelial tight junction modulation, and that claudin‐1 and occludin could be important targets to regulate glucose permeability across airway epithelia and supress bacterial growth. Further investigation into the mechanisms regulating metformin and P. aeruginosa action on airway epithelial tight junctions could yield new therapeutic targets to prevent/suppress hyperglycaemia‐induced respiratory infections, avoiding the use of antibiotics.
A Qualitative Study of the Maternity Care Experiences of Women with Obesity: “More than Just a Number on the Scale”
Authors: DeJoy Sharon Bernecki , Bittner Krystle , Mandel Deborah 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity among pregnant women in the United States is high. Obesity can have long‐term health consequences for both women and their offspring, so high‐quality perinatal care for women with obesity is essential. However, stigmatizing encounters with health care professionals can decrease quality and promote avoidance of care. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women with obesity in the maternity care system in the United States.MethodsIn‐depth telephone interviews were conducted with 16 women with a body mass index of 30 or greater. The authors used an inductive analytical process to translate women's experiences into themes.ResultsWomen with obesity reported diverse maternity care experiences, with some reporting appropriate and satisfactory care, while most reported at least one negative encounter over the course of perinatal care. Three major themes emerged from the analysis: personalized care, depersonalized care, and setting the tone.DiscussionInteractions with providers during pregnancy had psychological and emotional effects on women with obesity and influenced the content and perceived quality of their care. Further research is required to explore this phenomenon and its implications for care of women during pregnancy and birth outcomes. In the meantime, providers may wish to consider greater sensitivity to the needs of women with obesity during the perinatal period.
Contextualising primate origins – an ecomorphological framework
Authors: Soligo Christophe , Smaers Jeroen B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEcomorphology – the characterisation of the adaptive relationship between an organism's morphology and its ecological role – has long been central to theories of the origin and early evolution of the primate order. This is exemplified by two of the most influential theories of primate origins: Matt Cartmill's Visual Predation Hypothesis, and Bob Sussman's Angiosperm Co‐Evolution Hypothesis. However, the study of primate origins is constrained by the absence of data directly documenting the events under investigation, and has to rely instead on a fragmentary fossil record and the methodological assumptions inherent in phylogenetic comparative analyses of extant species. These constraints introduce particular challenges for inferring the ecomorphology of primate origins, as morphology and environmental context must first be inferred before the relationship between the two can be considered. Fossils can be integrated in comparative analyses and observations of extant model species and laboratory experiments of form–function relationships are critical for the functional interpretation of the morphology of extinct species. Recent developments have led to important advancements, including phylogenetic comparative methods based on more realistic models of evolution, and improved methods for the inference of clade divergence times, as well as an improved fossil record. This contribution will review current perspectives on the origin and early evolution of primates, paying particular attention to their phylogenetic (including cladistic relationships and character evolution) and environmental (including chronology, geography, and physical environments) contextualisation, before attempting an up‐to‐date ecomorphological synthesis of primate origins.
The Relationship Among School Safety, School Liking, and Students' Self‐Esteem: Based on a Multilevel Mediation Model
Authors: Zhang Xinghui , Xuan Xin , Chen Fumei , Zhang Cai , Luo Yuhan , Wang Yun 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPerceptions of school safety have an important effect on students' development. Based on the model of “context‐process‐outcomes,” we examined school safety as a context variable to explore how school safety at the school level affected students' self‐esteem.METHODSWe used hierarchical linear modeling to examine the link between school safety at the school level and students' self‐esteem, including school liking as a mediator. The data were from the National Children's Study of China (NCSC), in which 6618 fourth‐ to fifth‐grade students in 79 schools were recruited from 100 counties in 31 provinces in China.RESULTSMultilevel mediation analyses showed that the positive relationship between school safety at the school level and self‐esteem was partially mediated by school liking, controlling for demographics at both student and school levels. Furthermore, a sex difference existed in the multilevel mediation model. For boys, school liking fully mediated the relationship between school safety at the school level and self‐esteem. However, school liking partially mediated the relationship between school safety at the school level and self‐esteem among girls.CONCLUSIONSchool safety should receive increasing attention from policymakers because of its impact on students' self‐esteem.
The toxin GraT inhibits ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Ainelo Andres , Tamman Hedvig , Leppik Margus , Remme Jaanus , Hõrak Rita 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMost bacteria encode numerous chromosomal toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems that are proposed to contribute to stress tolerance, as they are able to shift the cells to a dormant state. Toxins act on a variety of targets with the majority attacking the translational apparatus. Intriguingly, the toxicity mechanisms of even closely related toxins may differ essentially. Here, we report on a new type of TA toxin that inhibits ribosome biogenesis. GraT of the GraTA system has previously been described in Pseudomonas putida as an unusually moderate toxin at optimal growth temperatures. However, GraT causes a severe growth defect at lower temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that GraT causes the accumulation of free ribosomal subunits. Mapping the rRNA 5′ ends reveals incomplete processing of the free subunits and quantification of modified nucleosides shows an underrepresentation of late subunit assembly specific modifications. This indicates that GraT inhibits ribosome subunit assembly. Interestingly, GraT effects can be alleviated by modification of the chaperone DnaK, a known facilitator of late stages in ribosome biogenesis. We show that GraT directly interacts with DnaK and suggest two possible models for the role of this interaction in GraT toxicity.
Low‐target tacrolimus in de novo standard risk renal transplant recipients: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Størset Elisabet , Åsberg Anders , Hartmann Anders , Reisæter Anna V. , Holdaas Hallvard , Skauby Morten , Bergan Stein , Midtvedt Karsten 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimOptimal tacrolimus exposure in transplant recipients is not well established. The results from the Symphony study indicated that low‐target tacrolimus (trough concentrations 3–7 µg/L) in de novo standard risk renal transplant recipients should be appropriate. The aim of this study was to evaluate real‐life outcomes when applying a similar strategy in a clinical setting.MethodsA single‐centre analysis was conducted in standard risk renal transplant recipients receiving low‐target tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, glucocorticoids and basiliximab induction. One‐year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, Cockcroft‐Gault), one‐year biopsy‐proven acute rejection rate and graft‐ and patient survival up to 3 years post‐transplant were compared with the outcomes in the Symphony study.ResultsFrom 1 January 2009 to 31 March 2013, we included 406 patients. One year after transplantation, the mean ± SD eGFR was 76.8 ± 28.3 mL/min (Symphony: 65.4 ± 27.0 mL/min, P < 0.001). Biopsy‐proven acute rejections were seen in 14.5% of the patients (Symphony: 12.3%, P = 0.35). Kaplan–Meier estimates [95% confidence interval] of three‐year death‐censored graft‐ and patient survival were 96.6% [94.2–99.0%] (Symphony: 93%) and 95.0% [92.6–97.3%] (Symphony: 95%), respectively.ConclusionLow‐target tacrolimus‐based immunosuppression is safe and effective also in a standard clinical setting in de novo standard risk renal transplant recipients.
Critical Patient Severity Classification System predicts outcomes in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Choi Mona , Lee Hyeong Suk 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe CPSCS was developed to assess the nursing care demands of patients in intensive care units (ICUs).AimThis study aimed to examine the Critical Patient Severity Classification System (CPSCS) score as an independent predictor of patient hospital outcomes.DesignThis study was a secondary analysis.MethodsData from 6380 cases were extracted from the electronic medical records in ICUs at a tertiary hospital in Korea during 2010–2012. To examine the association of the CPSCS score with 30‐day ICU mortality, the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used, and generalized linear regression models of gamma distribution were developed for ICU length of stay (LOS).ResultsMore patients were admitted to surgical ICUs than medical ICUs (4664 versus 1716) during the study period. Medical ICU patients had longer ICU LOS, higher 30‐day ICU mortality and a higher mean CPSCS score than surgical ICU patients. Cox analysis indicated that the mid and high CPSCS score groups had 1·687 and 2·913 times higher mortality risk, respectively, than the low CPSCS score group after adjusting for age, sex and primary diagnosis. The CPSCS score significantly predicted ICU mortality in both medical and surgical ICUs. Multivariate generalized linear regression indicated that CPSCS score was a significant predictor of ICU LOS after adjusting for other covariates.ConclusionsThe CPSCS score can be used to efficiently predict ICU mortality and LOS in patients admitted to the medical and surgical ICUs, although only the high CPSCS score group had significantly high mortality than the low CPSCS score group in the medical ICU.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study contribute to valuable evidence that nursing‐related factors have an impact on patient outcomes such as ICU mortality and LOS and that they have implications for hospital management, clinical practice and future research.
Small interfering RNAs from bidirectional transcripts of GhMML3_A12 regulate cotton fiber development
Authors: Wan Qun , Guan Xueying , Yang Nannan , Wu Huaitong , Pan Mengqiao , Liu Bingliang , Fang Lei , Yang Shouping , Hu Yan , Ye Wenxue , Zhang Hua , Ma Peiyong , Chen Jiedan , Wang Qiong , Mei Gaofu , Cai Caiping , Yang Donglei , Wang Jiawei , Guo Wangzhen , Zhang Wenhua , Chen Xiaoya , Zhang Tianzhen 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are commonly observed in eukaryotic genomes, but only a limited number of such genes have been identified as being involved in gene regulation in plants. In this research, we investigated the function of small RNA derived from a NAT in fiber cell development.

Using a map‐based cloning strategy for the first time in tetraploid cotton, we cloned a naked seed mutant gene (N1) encoding a MYBMIXTA‐like transcription factor 3 (MML3)/GhMYB25‐like in chromosome A12, GhMML3_A12, that is associated with fuzz fiber development.

The extremely low expression of GhMML3_A12 in N1 is associated with NAT production, driven by its 3′ antisense promoter, as indicated by the promoter‐driven histochemical staining assay. In addition, small RNA deep sequencing analysis suggested that the bidirectional transcriptions of GhMML3_A12 form double‐stranded RNAs and generate 21–22 nt small RNAs. Therefore, in a fiber‐specific manner, small RNA derived from the GhMML3_A12 locus can mediate GhMML3_A12 mRNA self‐cleavage and result in the production of naked seeds followed by lint fiber inhibition in N1 plants.

The present research reports the first observation of gene‐mediated NATs and siRNA directly controlling fiber development in cotton.
Difference between early onset and late‐onset pediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Nambu Ryusuke , Hagiwara Shin‐ichiro , Kubota Mitsuru , Kagimoto Seiichi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundEarly onset pediatric ulcerative colitis (EO‐UC) is distinguished from late‐onset pediatric ulcerative colitis (LO‐UC) by the effects of genetic predisposition, but there have been few reports on the clinical features of EO‐UC in Asia.MethodsTo describe and compare the presentation and disease course of EO‐UC (age range, 0–7 years) with those of LO‐UC (age range, 8–15 years), we retrospectively analyzed 63 children with UC who had been diagnosed between January 2004 and March 2014 at Saitama Children's Medical Center in Japan.ResultsTen patients (16%) had EO‐UC, and 53 (84%) had LO‐UC. All patients in the EO‐UC group and 70% in the LO‐UC group had pancolitis (P = 0.05). The period from onset to diagnosis was 9.0 ± 14.1 months for EO‐UC and 2.6 ± 3.5 months for LO‐UC (P < 0.01). The prevalence of extra‐intestinal complications at diagnosis was significantly higher for EO‐UC than for LO‐UC (50% vs 11%, respectively; P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the use of corticosteroids, immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, or surgical risk between the groups but, in the EO‐UC group, only one patient was treated with cytapheresis and none was treated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) antibodies.ConclusionsThe EO‐UC group had a higher incidence of pancolitis, longer diagnostic delay, and more extra‐intestinal manifestations than the LO‐UC group. Diagnosis and treatment may therefore be slightly more difficult for EO‐UC than for LO‐UC.