bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety Observations With 3 Years of Denosumab Exposure: Comparison Between Subjects Who Received Denosumab During the Randomized FREEDOM Trial and Subjects Who Crossed Over to Denosumab During the FREEDOM Extension
Authors: Watts Nelson B , Brown Jacques P , Papapoulos Socrates , Lewiecki E Michael , Kendler David L , Dakin Paula , Wagman Rachel B , Wang Andrea , Daizadeh Nadia S , Smith Shawna , Bone Henry G 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) that decreases osteoclast formation, function and survival, and is approved for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at increased or high risk for fracture, among other indications. During the pivotal 3-year fracture trial FREEDOM, denosumab 60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months significantly reduced new vertebral (68%), hip (40%), and nonvertebral (20%) fractures; increased bone mineral density (BMD); and reduced bone turnover markers compared with placebo in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Questions have arisen regarding imbalances of certain low-frequency adverse events (AEs) observed in FREEDOM, as well as the top 5 most frequent adverse reactions listed in the United States prescribing information (USPI; back pain, pain in extremity, musculoskeletal pain, hypercholesterolemia, and cystitis). We examined the incidences of these AEs in women who originally received placebo during FREEDOM and then received denosumab for up to 3 years during the FREEDOM Extension (Crossover Group). This provided a unique opportunity for comparison with the original 3-year denosumab FREEDOM observations. We also examined the incidences of these AEs over 6 years of denosumab treatment (Long-term Group; ie, comparing a second 3 years of treatment with findings in the first 3 years). There was no indication of increasing trends regarding the imbalances of either low-frequency AEs or common AEs observed in FREEDOM. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Optimized purification of mono‐PEGylated lysozyme by heparin affinity chromatography using response surface methodology
Authors: Mejía‐Manzano Luis Alberto , Lienqueo M Elena , Escalante‐Vázquez Edgardo J , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Asenjo Juan A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficient, controlled and robust purification of conjugates from PEGylation has a growing demand in the biopharmaceutical's market. In general, the yield and purity reached through the conventional chromatographic modes are not particularly high or efficient. Affinity chromatography has so far scarcely been explored. The present work introduces the purification of mono‐PEGylated lysozyme from a PEGylation reaction by heparin affinity chromatography (HAC) for the first time in a single step. Response surface methodology (RSM), particularly a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the separation.RESULTSProtein adsorption of PEGylated and native lysozyme on Heparin Sepharose 6 Fast Flow resin was described by Langmuir isotherms, showing a relatively low affinity for the PEGylated proteins. From the experimental design, optimal elution conditions in a linear gradient of sodium chloride (NaCl) for the three response variables (yield, purity and productivity) were: gradient length of 13 column volumes (CVs), flow at 0.8 mL min−1 and protein load of 1 mg mL−1. Based on this optimization, a step gradient procedure was designed that achieved the purification of mono‐PEGylated lysozyme with approximately 100% yield and purity in comparison with 92.7% and 99.7% with the linear gradient. Productivity was c. 0.048 ± 0.001 mg mL−1 min−1 using 0.05 mol L−1 NaCl for its elution.CONCLUSIONSMono‐PEGylated lysozyme was completely separated from a PEGylation mixture with high yield and purity using HAC for first time. Applying response surface methodology (RSM), adequate conditions for more than one requirement were found as well as optimal conditions for a linear gradient of NaCl. Based on this optimization a step gradient procedure was designed that achieved the purification of mono‐PEGylated lysozyme in one step with advantages respect to time, resolution, yield and purity compared with other chromatographic modes such as hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and cation exchange chromatography (CEX). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bitterness in sodium caseinate hydrolysates: role of enzyme preparation and degree of hydrolysis
Authors: O'Sullivan Dara , Nongonierma Alice B , FitzGerald Richard J 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzymatic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate (NaCas) may lead to the development of bitterness. Careful selection of hydrolysis conditions (i.e. enzyme preparation and duration) yielding different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) may aid in the development of low bitterness.RESULTSEighteen NaCas hydrolysates were generated with four enzyme preparations (Alcalase 2.4L, Prolyve 1000, FlavorPro Whey and pepsin) to different DH values. Hydrolysate bitterness score, assessed using a trained panel (ten assessors), generally increased at higher DH values for Alcalase, Prolyve and pepsin hydrolysates. However, all FlavorPro Whey hydrolysates (DH 0.38–10.62%) displayed low bitterness score values (<26.0%) comparable to that of intact NaCas (13.8 ± 2.0%, P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONEnzyme preparation and DH affect the bitterness of NaCas hydrolysates. The results are relevant for the generation of NaCas hydrolysates with reduced bitterness. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Toward a Framework for Identifying Attitudes and Intentions to Music Acquisition from Legal and Illegal Channels
Authors: Dilmperi Athina , King Tamira , Dennis Charles 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTTechnological developments have had a profound effect on modern music acquisition, allowing people to share music over the Internet for free. The research identifies the antecedents of consumers’ attitudes and intentions to acquire music from various channels. The paper reports findings of a structured questionnaire survey of university students in the United Kingdom and Greece (n = 511). Using structural equation modeling, the authors conclude that consumers’ intention to acquire music via a legal channel is influenced by idolatry (IDL), the perceived quality of music (PQM), the perceived likelihood of punishment (PLP; digital legal channel only), and their subjective norm. On the other hand, intention to acquire music via an illegal channel is influenced by the perceived benefits of piracy. The price of legitimate music was only significant for the illegal street vendor channel, whereas IDL had a positive effect on illegal downloading. Gender had moderating effects on PLP and attitude, and income‐moderated attitude and intention from P2P platforms. The findings carry important implications for academic researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
Consumer Revenge Using the Internet and Social Media: An Examination of the Role of Service Failure Types and Cognitive Appraisal Processes
Authors: Obeidat Zaid Mohammad Ibrahim , Xiao Sarah Hong , Iyer Gopalkrishnan R. , Nicholson Michael 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTGiven the pervasive spread and use of the Internet and social media, consumer use of these new forums for expressing their revenge intentions has also increased. This research examines the impacts of service outcome and service process failures on consumer online revenge intentions. Using insights from cognitive appraisal theory, a comprehensive model is developed and tested to examine the impacts of service failure types on consumers’ primary and secondary appraisal processes that lead to online revenge intentions. The model was tested in the United Kingdom and Jordan. Results show that for the two countries, different service failure types lead to different cognitive appraisal processes, and to intentions to use different online revenge platforms.
Quantifying the reproducibility of lung ventilation images between 4‐Dimensional Cone Beam CT and 4‐Dimensional CT
Authors: Woodruff Henry C. , Shieh Chun‐Chien , Hegi‐Johnson Fiona , Keall Paul J. , Kipritidis John 
Published: March 2017

PurposeComputed tomography ventilation imaging derived from four‐dimensional cone beam CT (CTVI4DCBCT) can complement existing 4DCT‐based methods (CTVI4DCT) to track lung function changes over a course of lung cancer radiation therapy. However, the accuracy of CTVI4DCBCT needs to be assessed since anatomic 4DCBCT has demonstrably poor image quality and small field of view (FOV) compared to treatment planning 4DCT. We perform a direct comparison between short interval CTVI4DCBCT and CTVI4DCT pairs to understand the patient specific image quality factors affecting the intermodality CTVI reproducibility in the clinic.Methods and materialsWe analysed 51 pairs of 4DCBCT and 4DCT scans acquired within 1 day of each other for nine lung cancer patients. To assess the impact of image quality, CTVIs were derived from 4DCBCT scans reconstructed using both standard Feldkamp‐Davis‐Kress backprojection () and an iterative McKinnon‐Bates Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (). Also, the influence of FOV was assessed by deriving CTVIs from 4DCT scans that were cropped to a similar FOV as the 4DCBCT scans (), or uncropped (). All CTVIs were derived by performing deformable image registration (DIR) between the exhale and inhale phases and evaluating the Jacobian determinant of deformation. Reproducibility between corresponding CTVI4DCBCT and CTVI4DCT pairs was quantified using the voxel‐wise Spearman rank correlation and the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for ventilation defect regions (identified as the lower quartile of ventilation values). Mann–Whitney U‐tests were applied to determine statistical significance of each reconstruction and cropping condition.ResultsThe (mean ± SD) Spearman correlation between and was 0.60 ± 0.23 (range −0.03–0.88) and the DSC was 0.64 ± 0.12 (0.34–0.83). By comparison, correlations between and showed a small but statistically significant improvement with = 0.64 ± 0.20 (range 0.06–0.90, P = 0.03) and DSC = 0.66 ± 0.13 (0.31–0.87, P = 0.02). Intermodal correlations were noted to decrease with an increasing fraction of lung truncation in 4DCBCT relative to 4DCT, albeit not significantly (Pearson correlation R = 0.58, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that DIR based CTVIs derived from 4DCBCT can exhibit reasonable to good voxel‐level agreement with CTVIs derived from 4DCT. These correlations outperform previous cross‐modality comparisons between 4DCT‐based ventilation and nuclear medicine. The use of 4DCBCT scans with iterative reconstruction and minimal lung truncation is recommended to ensure better reproducibility between 4DCBCT‐ and 4DCT‐based CTVIs.
Comparative proteome analysis of wild‐type and klotho‐knockout mouse kidneys using a combination of MALDI‐IMS and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Fujino Yoko , Minamizaki Tomoko , Hayashi Ikue , Kawakami Asako , Miyaji Takaaki , Sakurai Kaoru , Yoshioka Hirotaka , Kozai Katsuyuki , Okada Mitsugi , Yoshiko Yuji 
Published: March 2017

PurposeMutation of the klotho gene in mice elicits a syndrome resembling accelerated human aging. However, there is limited evidence for the role of Klotho in the kidney. We conducted a comparative proteome analysis of wild‐type (WT) and klotho‐knockout (kl−/−) mouse kidneys to identify proteins involved in Klotho deficiency.Experimental designMALDI imaging MS (MALDI‐IMS) of frozen kidney sections from 7‐wk‐old male WT and kl−/− mice was used to determine genotype‐specific differences in the MS distribution. Proteins uniquely distributed in kl−/− kidneys were identified by subsequent analysis of adjacent trypsinized sections by MALDI‐IMS in combination with LC‐MS/MS. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were adopted in qualitative and quantitation analysis.ResultsNinety‐seven and 69 proteins identified by LC‐MS/MS were matched to the MALDI‐IMS spectra in WT and kl−/− mouse kidneys, respectively. Among protein types matched, nucleic acid binding proteins were most abundant, followed by enzymes. We identified secretogranin‐1 (SCG1), which was predominately distributed in the glomeruli and renal tubules of kl−/− mouse kidneys. Immunohistochemistry for SCG1 mirrored images of MALDI‐IMS.ConclusionsSCG1 may be a candidate protein involved in Klotho deficiency. Although further research is needed to investigate the role of SCG1 in the kidney, we show the usefulness of MALDI‐IMS combined with LC‐MS/MS.
Early experience of laparoscopic and robotic hybrid pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kim Hongbeom , Kim Jae Ri , Han Youngmin , Kwon Wooil , Kim Sun‐Whe , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery have their own merits and demerits. The aim of this study was to evaluate early experiences of hybrid pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to identify the learning curve of robotic surgery.MethodsSixteen patients underwent hybrid PD from August 2015 to February 2016. The outcomes were compared with those of an open PD group by the same operator during the same period. The resection time and anastomosis time were analyzed.ResultsSix patients in the hybrid PD group developed complications. The postoperative hospital stay in the hybrid surgery group was significantly shorter than the open PD group (10.9 ± 3.2 vs 16.9 ± 8.8 days). The total operative time of hybrid surgery was significantly longer than that of open surgery (414.7 ± 47.0 vs 266.0 ± 51.1 minutes). In hybrid surgery, the actual operation time reduced with experience, particularly anastomosis time.ConclusionHybrid PD is feasible and safe. The learning curve of hybrid surgery, particularly robotic anastomosis, is relatively short.
Ascorbic Acid Promotes the Stemness of Corneal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells and Accelerates Epithelial Wound Healing in the Cornea
Authors: Chen Jialin , Lan Jie , Liu Dongle , Backman Ludvig J. , Zhang Wei , Zhou Qingjun , Danielson Patrik 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
High concentration of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has been found in corneal epithelium of various species. However, the specific functions and mechanisms of ascorbic acid in the repair of corneal epithelium are not clear. In this study, it was found that ascorbic acid accelerates corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo in mouse. In addition, ascorbic acid enhanced the stemness of cultured mouse corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (TKE2) in vitro, as shown by elevated clone formation ability and increased expression of stemness markers (especially p63 and SOX2). The contribution of ascorbic acid on the stemness enhancement was not dependent on the promotion of Akt phosphorylation, as concluded by using Akt inhibitor, nor was the stemness found to be dependent on the regulation of oxidative stress, as seen by the use of two other antioxidants (GMEE and NAC). However, ascorbic acid was found to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and by using two collagen synthesis inhibitors (AzC and CIS), the increased expression of p63 and SOX2 by ascorbic acid was decreased by around 50%, showing that the increased stemness by ascorbic acid can be attributed to its regulation of ECM components. Moreover, the expression of p63 and SOX2 was elevated when TKE2 cells were cultured on collagen I coated plates, a situation that mimics the in vivo situation as collagen I is the main component in the corneal stroma. This study shows direct therapeutic benefits of ascorbic acid on corneal epithelial wound healing and provides new insights into the mechanisms involved.
Complexity of factors affecting bobolink population dynamics communicated with directed acyclic graphs
Authors: Ethier Danielle M. , Nudds Thomas D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNorth American grassland birds experienced steeper, more consistent, and widespread declines than other avian guilds in the past quarter century. Despite the surge of research into their ecology and conservation, there remains considerable uncertainty about the proximate and ultimate causes of declines and a need to clearly communicate its structural complexity among policy makers, resources managers, and stakeholders. We organized evidence from published literature about factors affecting population dynamics of bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), augmented by local stakeholder knowledge, in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) depicting hypothesized cause–effect relationships. Our contrast between states of knowledge as depicted in the literature and among stakeholders revealed several factors and relationships not in evidence in the other. For example, stakeholders identified 3 secondary factors alleged to affect bobolink habitat quantity on breeding grounds not identified in the literature: tree planting incentives, green energy incentives, and crop values. These and other structural uncertainties in the management systems are made transparent using DAGs, facilitating communication and co‐learning among knowledge holders. Accounting for structural complexity and making it transparent at the outset of the planning and decision‐making process may reduce the probability of unanticipated outcomes as a result of poor management choices. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
In situ Observation of Calcium Oxide Treatment of Inclusions in Molten Steel by Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Khurana Bharat , Spooner Stephen , Rao M. B. V. , Roy Gour Gopal , Srirangam Prakash 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Calcium treatment of aluminum killed steel was observed in situ using high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HT-CSLM). This technique along with a novel experimental design enables continuous observation of clustering behavior of inclusions before and after the calcium treatment. Results show that the increase in average inclusion size in non-calcium-treated condition was much faster compared to calcium-treated condition. Results also show that the magnitude of attractive capillary force between inclusion particles in non-treated condition was about 10−15 N for larger particles (10 µm) and 10−16 N for smaller particles (5 µm) and acting length of force was about 30 µm. In the case of calcium-treated condition, the magnitude and acting length of force was reduced to 10−16 N and 10 µm, respectively, for particles of all sizes. This change in attractive capillary attractive force is due to change in inclusion morphology from solid alumina disks to liquid lens particles during calcium treatment.
Population Based Binary Reclassification of Indian Standard Landslide Hazard Model
Authors: Thrideep Kumar N. , Hindayar Jagadish Nandan , Mohan Murali , Dasarwar P. , Ibrahim Mohd. , Som S. K. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
GIS complemented statistical classification techniques yield good result in predicting landslide hazards. Indian standard landslide hazard model follows guidelines formulated by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 1998), in which the study area is divided into five categories, ranging from very low hazard zone to very high hazard zone on fixed numerical ratings. For land use planners, “moderate hazard zone” proves vague and indecisive. In the present study, BIS based landslide hazard zones are demarcated for 140 sq. km area for a road corridor in East and North Sikkim that shows 21.96%, 53.14%, 22.80% and 2.10% for ‘Low Hazard Zone’, ‘Moderate Hazard Zone’, ‘High Hazard Zone’ and ‘Very High Hazard Zone’ respectively. This classification scheme has been reclassified to binary system based on population distribution and defining the cut-off by evaluation techniques of the ROC. The reclassification eliminates “moderate hazard zone”, minimizing the Type-II error and becomes more acceptable for future land use planning.
Seismic Risk Assessment at the Proposed Site of Gemsa Wind Power Station, Southwestern Coast of Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Abdelrahman Kamal , Al-Amri Abdullah , Al-Arifi Nassir , Abdelmoneim Enayat 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Gemsa has been chosen as the site for one of a new generation of power stations along the south-western margin of the Gulf of Suez. This site has been affected by a number of destructive earth-quakes (Mw&gt; 5), in addition to large number of earthquakes with magnitudes of less than 5. In this study seismic activities in the region were collected and re-evaluated, and the main earthquake prone zones were identified. It is indicated that this site is affected by the southern Gulf of Suez, northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba source zones. The southern Gulf of Suez source zone is the nearest to the proposed site. The stochastic simulation method has been applied to estimate the Peak Ground Acceleration at the site of the proposed Gemsa power plant. It was noticed that the pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) reaches 175 cm/sec2 resulting from the southern Gulf of Suez seismic source. In addition, the response spectrum was conducted with a damping value of 5% of the critical damping, and the predominant period reached 0.1sec at the site. These results should be taken into consideration by civil engineers and decision-makers for designing earthquake resistant structures.
Eliciting Survival Expectations of the Elderly in Low-Income Countries: Evidence From India
Authors: Delavande Adeline , Lee Jinkook , Menon Seetha 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We examine several methodological considerations when eliciting probabilistic expectations in a developing country context using the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI). We conclude that although, on average, individuals are able to understand the concept of probability, responses are sensitive to framing effects and to own versus hypothetical-person effects. We find that overall, people are pessimistic about their survival probabilities compared with state-specific life tables and that socioeconomic status does influence beliefs about own survival expectations as found in previous literature in other countries. Higher levels of education and income have a positive association with survival expectations, and these associations persist even when conditioning on self-reported health. The results remain robust to several alternative specifications. We then compare the survival measures with objective measures of health. We find that activities of daily life, height, and low hemoglobin levels covary with subjective expectations in expected directions.
Adopting Quaternion Wavelet Transform to Fuse Multi-Modal Medical Images
Authors: Geng Peng , Sun Xiuming , Liu Jianhua 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Medical image fusion plays an important role in clinical applications such as image-guided surgery, image-guided radiotherapy, noninvasive diagnosis, and treatment planning. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-modal medical image fusion method based on simplified pulse-coupled neural network and quaternion wavelet transform. The proposed fusion algorithm is capable of combining not only pairs of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images, but also pairs of CT and proton-density-weighted MR images, and multi-spectral MR images such as T1 and T2. Experiments on six pairs of multi-modal medical images are conducted to compare the proposed scheme with four existing methods. The performances of various methods are investigated using mutual information metrics and comprehensive fusion performance characterization (total fusion performance, fusion loss, and modified fusion artifacts criteria). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only extracts more important visual information from source images, but also effectively avoids introducing artificial information into fused medical images. It significantly outperforms existing medical image fusion methods in terms of subjective performance and objective evaluation metrics.