bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2015 Nepal Earthquake(s): Lessons Learned From the Disability and Rehabilitation Sector's Preparation for, and Response to, Natural Disasters
Authors: Landry Michel D. , Sheppard Phillip S. , Leung Kit , Retis Chiara , Salvador Edwin C. , Raman Sudha R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe frequency of natural disasters appears to be mounting at an alarming rate, and the degree to which people are surviving such traumatic events also is increasing. Postdisaster survival often triggers increases in population and individual disability-related outcomes in the form of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, all of which have an important impact on the individual, his or her family, and their community. The increase in postdisaster disability-related outcomes has provided a rationale for the increased role of the disability and rehabilitation sector's involvement in emergency response, including physical therapists. A recent major earthquake that has drawn the world's attention occurred in the spring of 2015 in Nepal. The response of the local and international communities was large and significant, and although the collection of complex health and disability issues have yet to be fully resolved, there has been a series of important lessons learned from the 2015 Nepal earthquake(s). This perspective article outlines lessons learned from Nepal that can be applied to future disasters to reduce overall disability-related outcomes and more fully integrate rehabilitation in preparation and planning. First, information is presented on disasters in general, and then information is presented that focuses on the earthquake(s) in Nepal. Next, field experience in Nepal before, during, and after the earthquake is described, and actions that can and should be adopted prior to disasters as part of disability preparedness planning are examined. Then, the emerging roles of rehabilitation providers such as physical therapists during the immediate and postdisaster recovery phases are discussed. Finally, approaches are suggested that can be adopted to “build back better” for, and with, people with disabilities in postdisaster settings such as Nepal.
COHERENT EVENTS AND SPECTRAL SHAPE AT ION KINETIC SCALES IN THE FAST SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE
Authors: Lion Sonny , Alexandrova Olga , Zaslavsky Arnaud 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper we investigate spectral and phase coherence properties of magnetic fluctuations in the vicinity of the spectral transition from large, magnetohydrodynamic to sub-ion scales using in situ measurements of the Wind spacecraft in a fast stream. For the time interval investigated by Leamon et al. (1998) the phase coherence analysis shows the presence of sporadic quasi-parallel Alfvén ion cyclotron (AIC) waves as well as coherent structures in the form of large-amplitude, quasi-perpendicular Alfvén vortex-like structures and current sheets. These waves and structures importantly contribute to the observed power spectrum of magnetic fluctuations around ion scales; AIC waves contribute to the spectrum in a narrow frequency range whereas the coherent structures contribute to the spectrum over a wide frequency band from the inertial range to the sub-ion frequency range. We conclude that a particular combination of waves and coherent structures determines the spectral shape of the magnetic field spectrum around ion scales. This phenomenon provides a possible explanation for a high variability of the magnetic power spectra around ion scales observed in the solar wind.
SPATIAL GROWTH OF CURRENT-DRIVEN INSTABILITY IN RELATIVISTIC ROTATING JETS AND THE SEARCH FOR MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
Authors: Singh Chandra B. , Mizuno Yosuke , Pino Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Using the three-dimensional relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code RAISHIN, we investigated the influence of the radial density profile on the spatial development of the current-driven kink instability along magnetized rotating, relativistic jets. For the purposes of our study, we used a nonperiodic computational box, the jet flow is initially established across the computational grid, and a precessional perturbation at the inlet triggers the growth of the kink instability. We studied light and heavy jets with respect to the environment depending on the density profile. Different angular velocity amplitudes have been also tested. The results show the propagation of a helically kinked structure along the jet and a relatively stable configuration for the lighter jets. The jets appear to be collimated by the magnetic field, and the flow is accelerated owing to conversion of electromagnetic into kinetic energy. We also identify regions of high current density in filamentary current sheets, indicative of magnetic reconnection, which are associated with the kink-unstable regions and correlated with the decrease of the sigma parameter of the flow. We discuss the implications of our findings for Poynting-flux-dominated jets in connection with magnetic reconnection processes. We find that fast magnetic reconnection may be driven by the kink-instability turbulence and govern the transformation of magnetic into kinetic energy, thus providing an efficient way to power and accelerate particles in active galactic nucleus and gamma-ray-burst relativistic jets.
SENSITIVITY KERNELS FOR FLOWS IN TIME–DISTANCE HELIOSEISMOLOGY: EXTENSION TO SPHERICAL GEOMETRY
Authors: Böning Vincent G. A. , Roth Markus , Zima Wolfgang , Birch Aaron C. , Gizon Laurent 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We extend an existing Born approximation method for calculating the linear sensitivity of helioseismic travel times to flows from Cartesian to spherical geometry. This development is necessary for using the Born approximation for inferring large-scale flows in the deep solar interior. As first sanity check, we compare two f-mode kernels from our spherical method and from an existing Cartesian method. The horizontal and total integrals agree to within 0.3%. As a second consistency test, we consider a uniformly rotating Sun and a travel distance of 42°. The analytical travel-time difference agrees with the forward-modeled travel-time difference to within 2%. In addition, we evaluate the impact of different choices of filter functions on the kernels for a meridional travel distance of 42°. For all filters, the sensitivity is found to be distributed over a large fraction of the convection zone. We show that the kernels depend on the filter function employed in the data analysis process. If modes of higher harmonic degree (90 ≲ l ≲ 170) are permitted, a noisy pattern of a spatial scale corresponding to l ≈ 260 appears near the surface. When mainly low-degree modes are used (l ≲ 70), the sensitivity is concentrated in the deepest regions and it visually resembles a ray-path-like structure. Among the different low-degree filters used, we find the kernel for phase-speed-filtered measurements to be best localized in depth.
EVIDENCE OF BULK ACCELERATION OF THE GRB X-RAY FLARE EMISSION REGION
Authors: Uhm Z. Lucas , Zhang Bing 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Applying our recently developed generalized version of the high-latitude emission theory to the observations of X-ray flares in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), here we present clear observational evidence that the X-ray flare emission region is undergoing rapid bulk acceleration as the photons are emitted. We show that both the observed X-ray flare light curves and the photon index evolution curves can be simultaneously reproduced within a simple physical model invoking synchrotron radiation in an accelerating emission region far from the GRB central engine. Such an acceleration process demands an additional energy dissipation source other than kinetic energy, which points toward a significant Poynting flux in the emission region of X-ray flares. As the X-ray flares are believed to share a similar physical mechanism as the GRB prompt emission, our finding here hints that the GRB prompt emission jets may also carry a significant Poynting flux in their emitting region.
O desempenho dos indicadores de desenvolvimento humano nos municípios da região oeste paranaense com aplicação da metodologia shift-share para o período 2000 - 2010
Authors: Oliveira Gilson Batista de 
Published: June 2016

<p class="western" style="margin-right: -0.02cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 0.18cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">O presente trabalho traz uma análise do crescimento dos indicadores básicos do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) na Região Oeste Paranaense, utilizando a metodologia denominada </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Shift-share</em></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> nos anos censitários de 2000 e 2010. Para tanto, utiliza-se os dados primários publicados para os municípios e estados brasileiros pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD, 2003 e 2013). Após a aplicação do </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>Shift-share</em></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">, identifica-se quais municípios da região obtiveram os maiores e menores variações de cada indicador básico do IDHM. Contudo, para os anos de referência, todos municípios apresentaram variação positiva no IDHM. Apenas a cidade de </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Assis Chateaubriand </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">teve variação negativa do IDHM-Renda no período. Os demais quarenta e nove municípios apresentaram ocilações positivas em todos os indicadores básicos componentes do IDHM. Finalmente</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">, os resultados da metodologia S</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em>hift-share</em></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> permitiu classificar os municípios em quatro tipos distintos de cidades (A1, A3, B2 e B3).</span></span></span></p><p class="western" style="margin-right: -0.02cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 0.18cm;" align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
O desenvolvimento e a política de conteúdo local na indústria petrolífera: visões divergentes
Authors: Piquet Rosélia Périssé , Hasenclever Lia , Shimoda Eduardo 
Published: June 2016

<p>O setor de petróleo e gás no Brasil é considerado hoje, pela elevada demanda que exerce por bens e serviços, como uma das fronteiras de expansão e diversificação do parque industrial nacional. Os desafios tecnológicos que caracterizam o setor ensejam a busca constante por inovação, motivando a atração de empresas estrangeiras detentoras de tecnologias complexas. Contudo, é sabido que o setor petrolífero só se constitui em mola propulsora do desenvolvimento pelo efeito multiplicador que exerce sobre outros setores industriais e de serviços. Assim, tanto o Governo como entidades representativas dos interesses do empresariado nacional defenderam e implantaram uma Política de Conteúdo Local, presente desde a 1ª Rodada de Licitações para exploração, em 1999, como parte dos critérios de escolha nos processos licitatórios. Entretanto, esta Política tem suscitado posições divergentes. Certos técnicos e entidades se posicionam a favor da crescente participação das empresas nacionais, enquanto outros argumentam que a falta de qualificação técnica poderá afetar seriamente a competitividade brasileira no fornecimento à indústria petrolífera.</p>
La réforme pédagogique des lycées en 1902
Authors: Hery Évelyne 
Published: June 2016

Le plan d’études de 1902 modernise-t-il l’enseignement des lycées de garçons comme l’affirment les Républicains engagés dans sa mise en œuvre ? De fait, renforçant les sciences et les langues vivantes qui, à égalité avec les humanités classiques, constituent dès lors les piliers d’un enseignement sans latin, révisant les contenus enseignés et les méthodes éducatives pour y insuffler l’esprit « positif », marque de la République radicale et laïque, le plan est novateur et « moderne » au sens où il vise à adapter les études aux besoins de la démocratie et de la nation au seuil du XX e siècle. Il en résulte que les adversaires des réformateurs les accusent de dénaturer l’enseignement secondaire et, pour certains, instrumentalisent la réforme afin de discréditer le régime. La bataille de la rénovation ne dure pas moins de dix ans mais le ministère ne ploie pas et, même s’il ressort de l’examen des rapports d’inspection que la réforme n’a qu’un impact limité sur les situations effectives d’enseignement, parce que l’évolution des pratiques pédagogiques s’inscrit dans la longue durée, le nouveau dispositif des études sonne la fin du lycée napoléonien .
« Se faire une voix ». La production internationale du féminisme est-européen des années 1990-2000
Authors: Cîrstocea Ioana 
Published: June 2016

Centrée sur la production symbolique et pratique du « féminisme est-européen » pendant la décennie 1990, notre analyse montre comment des institutions internationales ont créé un espace d’expression et fourni des ressources matérielles pour la promotion de la démocratie contribuant de la sorte à la légitimation d’actrices militantes localisées dans les pays ex-socialistes et engagées dans des mobilisations par-delà les frontières. Opérant avec une pluralité de niveaux d’observation et d’échelles d’analyse, nous abordons diverses institutions interconnectées, ainsi que la trajectoire d’une féministe multipositionnée qui tisse des relations entre niveaux et entre arènes de nature différente. Dans un contexte fortement structuré par l’action et les discours des organismes internationaux, l’espace des mobilisations féministes s’élargit pour inclure de nouvelles voix qui s’expriment en tant qu’héritières des régimes socialistes et transposent dans la politique internationale des droits des femmes leur expérience et leur réflexivité.
Étude des perceptions de l’environnement de travail au cours du poste chez des travailleurs postés : intérêt d’une évaluation subjective et temporellement située de la charge de travail
Authors: Cascino Nadine , Mélan Claudine , Galy Édith 
Published: June 2016

Pour mieux comprendre les effets du travail en horaires postés, nous avons étudié les variations des perceptions de l’environnement de travail selon le poste travaillé et la phase du poste. Le questionnaire construit, en référence au Job Content Questionnaire, mesure les perceptions de demandes, contrôle et soutien social et deux dimensions supplémentaires : les ressources techniques et humaines et les interférences travail-hors travail. Il a été renseigné à trois reprises (une heure après le début, en milieu et une heure avant la fin du poste) pour chaque poste occupé (matin, après-midi, nuit) par 38 personnels de soins (86 observations). Les résultats montrent des demandes psychologiques globalement plus élevées en début et milieu de poste et des demandes physiques plus élevées en fin de poste. Lors du poste de nuit, les personnels perçoivent davantage d’autonomie et moins de soutien des collègues. Des interactions entre le poste et la phase du poste indiquent une augmentation des ressources sur le poste du matin, une diminution l’après-midi et des valeurs stables la nuit. Pris ensemble, ces résultats indiquent que, si le poste de nuit paraît le moins exposé à la tension professionnelle, celui du matin donne lieu à des perceptions de stress positif en milieu de poste et de faible tension en fin de poste tandis que la tension professionnelle augmente tout au long du poste de l’après-midi. Ils soulignent l’importance d’une évaluation de la charge de travail selon le poste et le moment du poste chez des personnels de soins et de considérer différentes ressources en accord avec le modèle « job demands-resources » (Demerouti et al., 2001). Bien qu’ils ne puissent être généralisés à d’autres situations de travail et doivent être discutés à la lumière de l’activité de travail, la méthodologie développée apporte des données complémentaires à celles obtenues avec une approche plus globale.
Effects of Textual Cue Manipulation on Student Recall in an Information Mapped Nutrition Text
Authors: Tanenbaum Barbara G. , Tillman Murray H. 
Published: June 2016

Using the subject area of nutrition, this study examined the effects of different instructional features of an adjunctive text for nursing students who varied in reading level. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of both variations in instructional features of information-mapped text and the differences in student reading levels on immediate recall scores and work time spent on the modules.
A sample of 65 nursing students was classified into high and low reading groups according to the Nelson-Denny Reading Test, then randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups. Analysis of covariance indicated significant treatment effects after adjusting the recall scores for the influence of verbal aptitude. Information-mapped text with either postquestions or postquestions and feedback yielded higher recall scores than information-mapped text alone.
Subjects whose modules contained postquestions or postquestions and feedback spent significantly more work time than subjects whose modules did not contain those features; however, when the recall scores were adjusted for the influence of work time spent on the modules, there were no significant differences. Conclusions and recommendations for the text construction process, especially for the adjunctive nursing text, are presented.
Return glider radiosonde for in situ upper-air research measurements
Authors: Kräuchi Andreas , Philipona Rolf 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Upper-air balloon soundings for weather predictions have been made since the beginning of the 20th century. New radiosonde instruments for in situ humidity-, radiation- and gas-profile measurements in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, were introduced in recent years for atmospheric research and climate monitoring, but such instruments are often expensive and it is desired they be reused on multiple flights. Recovering instruments that freely descend with parachutes is time consuming, sometimes difficult and even dangerous. Here, we introduce the return glider radiosonde (RGR), which enables flying and retrieving valuable in situ upper-air instruments. The RGR is lifted with weather balloons similar to traditional radiosondes to a preset altitude, at which time a release mechanism cuts the tether string, and a built-in autopilot flies the glider autonomously back to the launch site or a desired preprogrammed location. Once the RGR reaches the landing coordinates it circles down and releases a parachute 100 m above ground for landing. The motivation for this project was to measure radiation profiles throughout the atmosphere with the same instrument multiple times and with a rapid turn-around time. The paper describes technical aspects of the return glider radiosonde and the built-in radiation instruments and shows test flights up to 24 km altitude that are analyzed in terms of flight performance and maximal distances covered. Several successive flights measuring radiation profiles demonstrate the reliability and the operational readiness of the RGR, allowing new ways for atmospheric in situ research and monitoring with payloads up to several kg depending on the specific size of the glider.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment of a 27-Year-Old Man After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Gugel Mark R. , Johnston William L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Increasing instability of the knee developed in a 27-year-old man who had torn his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) approximately 10 years prior to surgical intervention. After initial conservative treatment, including use of a functional brace for activity, the patient opted for surgical reconstruction with a patellar tendon graft. One of the authors conducted three preoperative examinations to assess the condition of the patient's musculoskeletal system. These manual examinations included findings of somatic dysfunction in the lumbo-pelvic region. In addition, there was extension of muscular tension from the injured left knee and ankle into the lower thorax and ribs 6 through 9. During the postoperative rehabilitation process, examination at regular intervals included documentation of somatic dysfunction and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Following ACL reconstruction and OMT, the patient showed increasingly stable mobility in the lumbopelvic region. Furthermore, episodic new dysfunctions readily resolved with OMT. The patient returned to his regular sports activities 6 months after surgery.
Strain effect of cellulose-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes measured by photoluminescence and Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Ito Masahiro , Yajima Hirofumi , Homma Yoshikazu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be obtained even under the dry condition when SWNTs are dispersed in biochemical polymers. We fabricated transparent films composed of SWNTs and a large amount of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and evaluated the effects of CMC wrapping on PL properties. The PL peaks from the transparent CMC–SWNT film showed SWNT-type-dependent peak shifts, indicating that SWNTs were under uniaxial compression strain in the CMC film. Raman scattering spectra also suggested uniaxial compression strain. The rate of strain was estimated to be 0.3–0.4% by PL and Raman scattering spectroscopies. Furthermore, the release of strain was demonstrated by stretching the CMC film.
Thin films for material engineering
Authors: Wasa Kiyotaka 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Thin films are defined as two-dimensional materials formed by condensing one by one atomic/molecular/ionic species of matter in contrast to bulk three-dimensional sintered ceramics. They are grown through atomic collisional chemical reaction on a substrate surface. Thin film growth processes are fascinating for developing innovative exotic materials. On the basis of my long research on sputtering deposition, this paper firstly describes the kinetic energy effect of sputtered adatoms on thin film growth and discusses on a possibility of room-temperature growth of cubic diamond crystallites and the perovskite thin films of binary compound PbTiO3. Secondly, high-performance sputtered ferroelectric thin films with extraordinary excellent crystallinity compatible with MBE deposited thin films are described in relation to a possible application for thin-film MEMS. Finally, the present thin-film technologies are discussed in terms of a future material science and engineering.