bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for predicting the severity of patients with autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wu Fen , Zhao Shunfeng , Chen Wenna , Si Wei , Li Yuanrui , Zhang Dengke , Wang Jing , Wang Ningning , Sun Lina , Sun Zhiyu , Chang Haoxiao , Du Ganqin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe systemic inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are inflammatory markers in peripheral blood, which have been proven to be associated with some central nervous system diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association of SII, NLR MLR and PLR with the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and to compare the predictive value of those biomarkers in the early identification of ICU admission.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in three medical centers in China. We included 176 patients diagnosed with AE and 200 age and gender-matched healthy controls and correlated their demographic and clinical data. The SII, NLR, MLR and PLR levels were calculated from the blood routine tests. The severity of the patients was evaluated by the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at admission, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the ICU admission.ResultsThe SII, NLR, MLR and PLR were significantly higher in AE patients than that in HCs (&lt;0.001 for all). The SII and NLR were positively correlated with the CASE score (r = 0.243, p = 0.001; r = 0.237, p = 0.002) and the mRS score (r = 0.185, p = 0.014; r = 0.185, p = 0.014) in AE patients. The MLR and PLR were only positively correlated with the CASE score (r = 0.242, p = 0.001; r = 0.158, p = 0.036). The SII and NLR of the ICU group were significantly higher than that of the non-ICU group. The result of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that NLR was the best predictor of ICU admission for AE patients (AUC = 0.701). NLR and MLR had similar predictive ability (AUC = 0.654; AUC = 0.608) and were superior to PLR. The optimal NLR cut-off value for the incidence of ICU was 3.906.ConclusionIncreased SII, NLR, MLR and PLR at admission are positively correlated with the CASE score of AE patients. Among the four indexes, the NLR is the best predictor of ICU admission, which may be helpful for clinicians to monitor disease progression and identify potentially severe patients of AE.
Data transformation of unstructured electroencephalography reports by natural language processing: improving data usability for large-scale epilepsy studies
Authors: Chung Yoon Gi , Cho Jaeso , Kim Young Ho , Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Hunmin , Koo Yong Seo , Lee Seo-Young , Shon Young-Min 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionElectroencephalography (EEG) is a popular technique that provides neurologists with electrographic insights and clinical interpretations. However, these insights are predominantly presented in unstructured textual formats, which complicates data extraction and analysis. In this study, we introduce a hierarchical algorithm aimed at transforming unstructured EEG reports from pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy into structured data using natural language processing (NLP) techniques.MethodsThe proposed algorithm consists of two distinct phases: a deep learning-based text classification followed by a series of rule-based keyword extraction procedures. First, we categorized the EEG reports into two primary groups: normal and abnormal. Thereafter, we systematically identified the key indicators of cerebral dysfunction or seizures, distinguishing between focal and generalized seizures, as well as identifying the epileptiform discharges and their specific anatomical locations. For this study, we retrospectively analyzed a dataset comprising 17,172 EEG reports from 3,423 pediatric patients. Among them, we selected 6,173 normal and 6,173 abnormal reports confirmed by neurologists for algorithm development.ResultsThe developed algorithm successfully classified EEG reports into 1,000 normal and 1,000 abnormal reports, and effectively identified the presence of cerebral dysfunction or seizures within these reports. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the algorithm translated abnormal reports into structured tabular data with an accuracy surpassing 98.5% when determining the type of seizures (focal or generalized). Additionally, the accuracy for detecting epileptiform discharges and their respective locations exceeded 88.5%. These outcomes were validated through both internal and external assessments involving 800 reports from two different medical institutions.DiscussionOur primary focus was to convert EEG reports into structured datasets, diverging from the traditional methods of formulating clinical notes or discharge summaries. We developed a hierarchical and streamlined approach leveraging keyword selections guided by neurologists, which contributed to the exceptional performance of our algorithm. Overall, this methodology enhances data accessibility as well as improves the potential for further research and clinical applications in the field of pediatric epilepsy management.
Decreased scene-selective activity within the posterior intraparietal cortex in amblyopic adults
Authors: Malladi Sarala N. , Skerswetat Jan , Schmidt Marianna E. , Tootell Roger B. H. , Gaier Eric D. , Bex Peter J. , Hunter David G. , Nasr Shahin 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAmblyopia is a developmental disorder associated with reduced performance in visually guided tasks, including binocular navigation within natural environments. To help understand the underlying neurological disorder, we used fMRI to test the impact of amblyopia on the functional organization of scene-selective cortical areas, including the posterior intraparietal gyrus scene-selective (PIGS) area, a recently discovered region that responds selectively to ego-motion within naturalistic environments.MethodsNineteen amblyopic adults (10 females) and thirty age-matched controls (15 females) participated in this study. Amblyopic participants spanned a wide range of amblyopia severity, based on their interocular visual acuity difference and stereoacuity. The visual function questionnaire (VFQ-39) was used to assess the participants’ perception of their visual capabilities.ResultsCompared to controls, we found weaker scene-selective activity within the PIGS area in amblyopic individuals. By contrast, the level of scene-selective activity across the occipital place area (OPA), parahippocampal place area (PPA), and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) remained comparable between amblyopic and control participants. The participants’ scores on “general vision” (VFQ-39 subscale) correlated with the level of scene-selective activity in PIGS.DiscussionThese results provide novel and direct evidence for the impact of amblyopia on scene processing within the human brain, thus enabling future studies to potentially link these changes across the spectrum of documented disabilities in amblyopia.
The velocity of temporalis muscle wasting in cerebral metastasis is prognostic for poor survival
Authors: Rafaelian Artem , Won Sae-Yeon , Behmanesh Bedjan , Cantré Daniel , Bernstock Joshua D. , Freiman Thomas M. , Seidlitz Jakob , Baumgarten Peter , Dinc Nazife , Konczalla Juergen , Gessler Florian , Dubinski Daniel 
Published: February 2025

PurposeRecently, the temporalis muscle thickness on cranial CT scan was proposed as a surrogate marker for patients’ baseline frailty that correlates with outcome in primary and metastatic brain tumor patients. In this study, we investigated whether the velocity of temporalis muscle atrophy (TMA) affects the outcome of patients with cerebral metastases.MethodsWe analyzed radiological and clinical data sets of 96 patients who received craniotomy for cerebral metastasis resection in our institution. We then correlated the radiological data with clinical course and outcome after stratification for the velocity of temporalis muscle atrophy.ResultsThe median velocity of TMA was 0.0016 mm/day. In patients with a slow TMA rate, the median overall survival was significantly longer than in patients with a fast TMA rate (37.7 months versus 22.9, p = 0.0007). Furthermore, patients with slow TMA had longer progression-free survival postoperatively (7.6 versus 4.38 months, p &lt;0.0001). The overall survival postoperatively (OS-PO) was also significantly longer in patients with slow TMA (8.9 months versus 5.1, p=0002).ConclusionBased on this study, the velocity of temporalis muscle atrophy may represent an objective and dynamic index with potential for survival prognostication for patients with cerebral metastases.
Case Report: A rare case of early esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with ductal differentiation
Authors: Qi Xing , Zuo Zhenxiang , Li Guangchun , Cui Xiujie , Wu Honglei 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundEarly esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (EBSCC) with ductal differentiation is a rare variant of esophageal cancer (EC), for which the clinical behavior, endoscopic features and diagnostic criteria are not fully elucidated.Case presentationAn 81-year-old female presented to our hospital with a year of eating obstruction sensation. A rough, superficial-elevated and circumferential 1/2 esophageal lesion on the upper esophagus was found by the white light endoscopy (WLE). The uplift and swelling caused by subepithelial lesions suggest that this lesion may infiltrate into the submucosa. Under the narrow band imaging magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME), papillary-like structures were visible in the lesion, and the loop capillaries classified as intraepithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL) of type B1 were observed. Furthermore, a fine network pattern of microvascular similar to the surface glandular structure in early differentiated gastric cancer can be seen in the middle of type B1, indicating that the presence of special glandular tubular-like components. Microscopically, the tumor was a poorly differentiated EBSCC with a glandular structure. In addition, the tubular structures transitional with the surface squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical results showed that the bilayer-tubular structures exhibited bidirectional differentiation towards the outer basal epithelium and the inner columnar epithelium. The double-layer epithelium cells of the tumorous tubules expressed CK7, and the outer cells expressed p40, CK5/6.ConclusionEarly EBSCC with ductal differentiation has unique endoscopic, histological and immunophenotypic characteristics. Understanding of the endoscopic and pathological features of the early EBSCC with ductal differentiation is crucial for early detection, accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and prevention of misdiagnosis.
The efficacy and safety of 225Ac-PSMA-617 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Ma Jiao , Zhang Yu , Yangqing Jiangchu , Liu Guangfu , Wang Junzheng , Zhang Chunyin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundWe aimed to report our clinical experience with the use of 225Ac-PSMA-617 in the treatment of mCRPC patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with 225Ac-PSMA-617. Patients underwent treatment at 8-week intervals and discontinued treatment upon disease progression or the occurrence of intolerable adverse effects. We acquired 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images and laboratory test outcomes of patients at baseline and 8 weeks following each treatment. Short-term efficacy was evaluated through the biochemical response of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and molecular tumor response criteria. A follow-up was conducted to assess the long-term effectiveness by examining the patient’s overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The numerical rating scale (NRS) assessed the patient’s pain. The side effects after treatment were evaluated based on common terminal criteria for adverse events version 5.0 (CTCAE v5.0).Results29 patients with mCRPC underwent a total of 50 treatment cycles. The median age of the patients was 67 years (55-84years). Out of these patients, 11 had previously underwent 177 Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (RLT). After treatment, any PSA decline was observed in 75.9% of patients, and a PSA decline≥50% was observed in 62.1%. 61.1% of patients had disease control according to molecular response. The estimated OS and PFS were 18 months (95% CI: 15-21 months) and 8 months (95% CI: 6-10 months). Univariate analysis showed that any PSA decline was positively correlated with PFS (p&lt;0.001). The most common side effect was xerostomia, observed in 79.3% of patients. Grade III blood toxicity was observed in 7/29 patients. After treatment, the pain disappeared in 4 patients and was relieved in 13 individuals.ConclusionsIn mCRPC, the results indicated that 225Ac-PSMA-617 demonstrated a favorable disease control rate and relatively minimal side effects. However, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are required for future validation.
Imaging based artificial intelligence for predicting lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Chu-Qian , Li Xiu-Juan , Zhou Zhi-Yi , Xin Qing , Yu Lin 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis meta-analysis was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) based on imaging for detecting lymph node metastasis (LNM) among cervical cancer patients and to compare its performance with that of radiologists.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published up to October 2024. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines. Studies evaluating the accuracy of AI models in detecting LNM in cervical cancer through computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were included. Pathology served as the reference standard for validation. A bivariate random-effects model was employed to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity, both presented alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Bias was assessed with the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Study heterogeneity was examined through the I2 statistic. Meta-regression was conducted when significant heterogeneity (I2 &gt; 50%) was observed.ResultsA total of 23 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The quality and bias of the included studies were acceptable. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. Internal validation sets comprised 23 studies and 1,490 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) for detecting LNM in cervical cancer were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.87), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74-0.82) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90), respectively. External validation sets comprised six studies and 298 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for detecting LNM were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56-0.81), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.66-0.95) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72-0.79), respectively. For radiologists, eight studies and 644 patients were included; the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for detecting LNM were 0.54 (95% CI: 0.42-0.66), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.59-0.91) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60-0.69), respectively.ConclusionsImaging-based AI demonstrates higher diagnostic performance than radiologists. Prospective studies with rigorous standardization as well as further research with external validation datasets, are necessary to confirm the results and assess their practical clinical applicability.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024607074.
Application of the intelligent interactive system to promote the full course care of very low birth weight infants
Authors: Xie Namei , Ye Ruming , Chen Yuying , Lin Ying , Huang Xianghui , Zhuang Deyi 
Published: February 2025

AimTo explore the effects of full course care with an intelligent interactive system on the growth, neurodevelopment and follow up adherence of very low birth weight infants (VLBW), as well as parental satisfaction.MethodsThe preterm infants admitted between January 2022 and December 2022 were designated as the experimental group, while those admitted from January 2021 to December 2021 constituted the control group. The experimental group received a full course of care through an intelligent interactive system, whereas the control group received inpatient and follow-up care from primary and clinic nurses, respectively. We compared the two groups' parental satisfaction at discharge, infants' anthropometric assessments, follow-up adherence, and infant's neurodevelopment.ResultsFrom January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, 171 VLBWI and their parents were enrolled at a tertiary hospital, with 89 infants in the experimental group and 82 in the control group. Parental satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). At the corrected ages of 1, 3, and 6 months, the height and weight of the preterm infants in the experimental group were also superior to those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the follow-up adherence rate of the experimental group exceeded that of the control group at the corrected ages of 3 and 6 months (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, at the corrected age of 6 months, the scores for fine motor skills, adaptability, and social interaction of infants in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionAn intelligent interactive system can facilitate comprehensive management of VLBWI by integrating inpatient care and follow-up. This approach has significant clinical value as it promotes the physical and cognitive development of infants while enhancing parent satisfaction and adherence.
Transcriptomic analysis of two Chinese wheat landraces with contrasting Fusarium head blight resistance reveals miRNA-mediated defense mechanisms
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Wang Junqiang , Shen Shian , Yang Zaijun , Hu Xinkun 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionFusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum (Fg), poses a significant threat to wheat production. It is necessary to deeply understand the molecular mechanisms underlying FHB resistance in wheat breeding.MethodsIn this study, the transcriptomic responses of two Chinese wheat landraces—Wuyangmai (WY, resistant) and Chinese Spring (CS, susceptible)—to F. graminearum infection were examined using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Differential expression of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) was analyzed at 3 and 5 days post-Fg inoculation (dpi).ResultsThe results showed that WY exhibited a targeted miRNA response, primarily modulating defense-related pathways such as glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which are crucial for oxidative stress regulation and pathogen defense response. In contrast, CS displayed a broader transcriptional response, largely linked to general metabolic processes rather than immune activation. Notably, the up-regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress and immune defense in WY confirmed its enhanced resistance to FHB. The integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA interactions highlighted miRNAs as central regulators of defense mechanisms in WY, particularly at later stages of infection. These miRNAs targeted genes involved in immune responses, while lncRNAs and circRNAs played a more limited role in the regulation of defense responses. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses further revealed that WY enriched for plant-pathogen interaction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, which are crucial for pathogen resistance. In contrast, CS prioritized metabolic homeostasis, suggesting a less effective defense strategy.DiscussionOverall, this study underscores the critical role of miRNA-mediated regulation in FHB resistance in WY. These insights into miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms provide a molecular basis for breeding FHB-resistant wheat varieties and highlight miRNA-mRNA interactions as promising targets for enhancing disease resilience.
A moderated mediation model in assessing links between rumination, emotional reactivity, and suicidal risk in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Wojtczak Mateusz , Karasiewicz Karol , Kucharska Katarzyna 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health concern, particularly among people with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Rumination, as a dysfunctional emotion regulation strategy, and increased emotional reactivity may significantly influence suicide risk in this population.AimThe aim of this study was to assess whether different emotional reactivity mediate the association between ruminations and suicide risk, and whether AUD or control group (HC) status moderates these relationships.MethodsA study was conducted with 152 participants, including 86 from AUD and 66 from HC. Self-report questionnaires measuring ruminations, emotional reactivity and suicide risk were used. Structural Equation Modeling, invariance analysis, and moderated mediation estimation were used in the analyses.ResultsThe mediation analysis in the full sample revealed a significant indirect effect of rumination on suicide risk via emotional reactivity. Multi-group analysis indicated no significant differences in the mediation effect between the AUD and HC groups, with neither group showing a statistically significant indirect effect.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that emotional reactivity may serve as a key mechanism mediating the relationship between rumination and suicide risk. Therapeutic interventions should focus on reducing ruminations and emotion reactivity to effectively reduce suicide risk in this group. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms.