bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it Time to Shift to Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Thyroid Disease: An Analysis of 77 Redo Thyroidectomies
Authors: Prasad G Raghavendra 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
To analyze redo thyroidectomies so as to get a possible answer to the controversy surrounding thyroidectomy for benign disease.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective observational cohort. From 1996 to 2010, a total 77 cases of redo thyroidectomies were performed. The data of all patients in the department were maintained on a self developed MS access-based software. The data of redo thyroidectomies were reviewed. These patients were from five districts of Andhra Pradesh, 42 were women and 35 men, 51 underwent subtotal thyroidectomy, 21 had hemithyroidectomy and 5 patients had excision procedure; all were benign. The condition varied from multinodular goiter (MNG) and solitary nodule to follicular neoplasm. There were 44 right-sided, and 43 left-sided surgeries. Recurrence occurred in seven in less than 1 year, in 49 in less than 5 years, in 11 of them in less than 10 years and 10 had recurrence after 10 years. A total thyroidectomy was performed in all. Seventy-five had benign disease. Two had suspected neoplasm; one papillary and one Hurthle cell. One patient had transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.

Results
Seventy-seven redo surgeries for benign thyroid disease were performed. The high rate of referrals for recurrence probably suggests inadequacy of subtotal and hemithyroidectomies for benign thyroid diseases.

Conclusion
The present series of 77 redo thyroidectomies clearly suggests inadequacy of initial subtotal thyroidectomy. Evidence-based analysis of complication rates and surgical feasibility supports total thyroidectomy as the complete safe, scientifically acceptable choice of primary surgical treatment for benign thyroid disease.

How to cite this article
Prasad RG. Is it Time to Shift to Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Thyroid Disease: An Analysis of 77 Redo Thyroidectomies. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(1):4-6.
Innovations in Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing and Laryngeal Sensation Testing
Authors: Mehta Shamik Paresh 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The larynx plays a crucial part in swallowing to prevent aspiration. The present available clinical tools to assess this function of larynx are ‘flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing’ (FEES) and ‘laryngeal sensory tests’. The author has made certain changes to make these tests equally effective and economical.

How to cite this article
Mehta SP. Innovations in Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing and Laryngeal Sensation Testing. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(1):17-19
Suspecting Airway Foreign Body in Agenesis of the Lung: A Rare Incidence of Misdiagnosis
Authors: Sahu Mahesh Chandra , Mohanty Sidarth , Choudhury Jashashree 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Agenesis of the lung is an extremely rare condition. Suspecting foreign body in agenesis of the lung is a diagnostic dilemma. We report the case of an 11 months old boy who presented with cough and cold; examination showed decreased air entry on the right side and investigations reported collapse on chest X-ray and plain computed tomography (CT) scan of thorax. Pediatrician suspected airway foreign body. Rigid bronchoscopy was done to confirm the diagnosis, but there was blind end in the right bronchus with no foreign body seen. Contrast-enhanced CT scan (CECT) of the neck and chest confirmed the aplasia of right lung. Agenesis of the lung should be kept in the mind by the clinician when dealing with foreign body in airway. This can prevent unnecessary intervention like rigid bronchoscopy.

How to cite this article
Swain SK, Mohanty S, Singh N, Choudhury J, Sahu MC. Suspecting Airway Foreign Body in Agenesis of the Lung: A Rare Incidence of Misdiagnosis. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(1):32-34.
Endolaryngeal Excision of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Neurofibroma
Authors: Karnik Prabodh , Chhapola Sunita , Matta Inita 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Vagal schwannomas, compromising 1% of head and neck neoplasms, are the commonest neurogenic tumors of the neck. Recurrent laryngeal nerve neurofibromas are even rarer. We report such a case, excised totally by an endolaryngeal approach. New trends in diagnosis and immunohistochemistry are discussed.

How to cite this article
Matta I, Shukla SC, Karnik P. Endolaryngeal Excision of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Neurofibroma. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(1):35-38.
Pinch, Burn, Cut Parathyroid-sparing Thyroidectomy Saves Recurrent and Superior Laryngeal Nerves (Conventional, PBC and Harmonic Scalpel Techniques Compared)
Authors: Prasad G Raghavendra , Rao JV Subba , Hameed Mohammed Abdul Rahman 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) have been and continue to be the Achilles tendon of thyroidectomy. Many anatomical landmarks described and taught.

How to cite this article
Prasad RG, Rao JVS, Hameed MAR. Pinch, Burn, Cut Parathyroid-sparing Thyroidectomy Saves Recurrent and Superior Laryngeal Nerves (Conventional, PBC and Harmonic Scalpel Techniques Compared). Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(2):48-52.
An overview of the first decade of PollyNET: an emerging network of automated Raman-polarization lidars for continuous aerosol profiling
Authors: Baars Holger , Kanitz Thomas , Engelmann Ronny , Althausen Dietrich , Heese Birgit , Komppula Mika , Preißler Jana , Tesche Matthias , Ansmann Albert , Wandinger Ulla , Lim Jae-Hyun , Ahn Joon Young , Stachlewska Iwona S. , Amiridis Vassilis , Marinou Eleni , Seifert Patric , Hofer Julian , Skupin Annett , Schneider Florian , Bohlmann Stephanie , Foth Andreas , Bley Sebastian , Pfüller Anne , Giannakaki Eleni , Lihavainen Heikki , Viisanen Yrjö , Hooda Rakesh Kumar , Pereira Sérgio Nepomuceno , Bortoli Daniele , Wagner Frank , Mattis Ina , Janicka Lucja , Markowicz Krzysztof M. , Achtert Peggy , Artaxo Paulo , Pauliquevis Theotonio , Souza Rodrigo A. F. , Sharma Ved Prakesh , van Zyl Pieter Gideon , Beukes Johan Paul , Sun Junying , Rohwer Erich G. , Deng Ruru , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Zamorano Felix 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A global vertically resolved aerosol data set covering more than 10 years of observations at more than 20 measurement sites distributed from 63° N to 52° S and 72° W to 124° E has been achieved within the Raman and polarization lidar network PollyNET. This network consists of portable, remote-controlled multiwavelength-polarization-Raman lidars (Polly) for automated and continuous 24/7 observations of clouds and aerosols. PollyNET is an independent, voluntary, and scientific network. All Polly lidars feature a standardized instrument design with different capabilities ranging from single wavelength to multiwavelength systems, and now apply unified calibration, quality control, and data analysis. The observations are processed in near-real time without manual intervention, and are presented online at http://polly.tropos.de/. The paper gives an overview of the observations on four continents and two research vessels obtained with eight Polly systems. The specific aerosol types at these locations (mineral dust, smoke, dust-smoke and other dusty mixtures, urban haze, and volcanic ash) are identified by their Ångström exponent, lidar ratio, and depolarization ratio. The vertical aerosol distribution at the PollyNET locations is discussed on the basis of more than 55 000 automatically retrieved 30 min particle backscatter coefficient profiles at 532 nm as this operating wavelength is available for all Polly lidar systems. A seasonal analysis of measurements at selected sites revealed typical and extraordinary aerosol conditions as well as seasonal differences. These studies show the potential of PollyNET to support the establishment of a global aerosol climatology that covers the entire troposphere.
A systematic review of interventions to improve postpartum retention of women in PMTCT and ART care
Authors: Geldsetzer Pascal , Yapa H Manisha N , Vaikath Maria , Ogbuoji Osondu , Fox Matthew P , Essajee Shaffiq M , Negussie Eyerusalem K , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionThe World Health Organization recommends lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV. Effective transitioning from maternal and child health to ART services, and long‐term retention in ART care postpartum is crucial to the successful implementation of lifelong ART for pregnant women. This systematic review aims to determine which interventions improve (1) retention within prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes after birth, (2) transitioning from PMTCT to general ART programmes in the postpartum period, and (3) retention of postpartum women in general ART programmes.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, the regional World Health Organization databases and conference abstracts for data published between 2002 and 2015. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the GRADE criteria.Results and DiscussionAfter screening 8324 records, we identified ten studies for inclusion in this review, all of which were from sub‐Saharan Africa except for one from the United Kingdom. Two randomized trials found that phone calls and/or text messages improved early (six to ten weeks) postpartum retention in PMTCT. One cluster‐randomized trial and three cohort studies found an inconsistent impact of different levels of integration between antenatal care/PMTCT and ART care on postpartum retention. The inconsistent results of the four identified studies on care integration are likely due to low study quality, and heterogeneity in intervention design and outcome measures. Several randomized trials on postpartum retention in HIV care are currently under way.ConclusionsOverall, the evidence base for interventions to improve postpartum retention in HIV care is weak. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that phone‐based interventions can improve retention in PMTCT in the first one to three months postpartum.
Premedical Students’ Attitudes Toward Primary Care Medicine
Authors: Beverly Elizabeth A. , Wietecha Delia A. , Nottingham Kelly , Rush Laura J. , Law Timothy D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: Expanded insurance coverage will likely increase the demand for primary care physicians in the United States. Despite this demand, the number of medical students planning to specialize in primary care is decreasing.

Objective: To explore premedical students’ attitudes toward the primary care specialty.

Methods: Students enrolled in premedicine at a large Midwestern university were invited to complete the Primary Care Attitudes Survey (Cronbach α=.76). This 25-item survey measures attitudes about primary care on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1, “strongly disagree” to 5, “strongly agree.” Basic sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using descriptive statistics, and frequencies of individual survey responses were calculated using SPSS statistical software version 21.0.

Results: A total of 100 premedical students (mean [SD] age, 19.8 [1.5] years; 59 female, 82 white non-Hispanic, and 33 freshman) completed the survey. Of 100 students, 33 planned to pursue primary care; 66 thought that primary care physicians would always have a job; 25 thought that primary care may become obsolete as medicine becomes more specialized; 48 thought that physician assistants and nurse practitioners would take over many primary care duties in the future; 91 thought that primary care physicians make important contributions to medicine; and 84 agreed that primary care focuses on the whole patient.

Conclusions: Premedical students held positive views about the importance of primary care; however, many expressed uncertainty about the stability of primary care careers in the future. Further, a substantial number of students believed common misconceptions about the scope and practice of primary care, such as primary care doctors are gatekeepers and mostly diagnose colds and ear infections.
Sub-230 nm deep-UV emission from GaN quantum disks in AlN grown by a modified Stranski–Krastanov mode
Authors: Islam SM , Protasenko Vladimir , Rouvimov Sergei , Xing Huili (Grace) , Jena Debdeep 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We report tunable deep-ultraviolet (DUV) emission over the 222–231 nm range from 1–2 monolayer (ML) GaN quantum disks (QDs) grown in an AlN matrix. The linewidth of the emission were as narrow as ∼10 nm at 5 K. The disks were grown in modified Stranski–Krastanov (mSK) mode. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images confirmed insertion of 1–2 MLs of GaN between 3 nm AlN barriers. The internal quantum efficiency was estimated from low temperature photoluminescence measurements for the disks, and compared with 1 and 2 ML GaN quantum wells/AlN barriers. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the GaN QDs was found to be ∼35% for 222 nm emission, ∼200% higher than 1 ML GaN QWs.
Long‐term analysis between radio occultation and ionosonde peak electron density and height during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Habarulema John Bosco , Carelse Suné Arlene 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor the first time, a long‐term comparative analysis of radio occultation (RO) maximum electron density and peak height of the F2 layer (NmF2 and hmF2) with ionosonde data is presented during geomagnetic storm periods. Using the optimum spatial resolution of 4.5° × 4.5° in both latitude and longitude space over Grahamstown, GR13L(33.3°S, 26.5°E), South Africa, RO NmF2 and hmF2 (from CHAMP and COSMIC/FORMOSAT‐3) are directly compared to ionosonde values within 15 min of ionosonde observational data from 2003 to end of May 2015. This study provides for the first time the deviation of RO data from ionosonde data on a long‐term scale during disturbed conditions in a midlatitude region. We have found that maximum deviations between RO and ionosonde hmF2/NmF2 occur during the high solar activity periods. For some storms, deviations between RO and ionosonde hmF2 can reach values just over 30 km and 85 km during 2005–2010 and 2011–2015, respectively. Overall, statistical results show that hmF2 and NmF2 from these independent data sets agree to within ∼9% and 21% (1 standard deviation, 1σ) from 2003 to 2015. While the deviation can be large during some storm events, statistically and based on ionosonde data, RO F2 peak parameters in midlatitudes are not degraded significantly during disturbed conditions and can therefore be reliably used to study ionospheric dynamics during extreme space weather events.
Paranormal Believers' Susceptibility to Confirmatory Versus Disconfirmatory Conjunctions
Authors: Rogers Paul , Fisk John E. , Lowrie Emma 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis study examines paranormal believers' susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy for confirmatory versus non‐confirmatory conjunctive events. Members of the UK public (N = 207) read 16 hypothetical vignettes before judging the likelihood that each constituent and their conjunction would (co) occur. Event type (paranormal versus non‐paranormal), outcome type (confirming versus disconfirming) and level of paranormal belief (in either extrasensory perception, psychokinesis or life after death)—plus relevant interaction terms—were entered into a linear mixed model analysis. As hypothesised, paranormal belief was associated with more conjunction errors regardless of event type with, in general, more errors made for confirmatory over disconfirmatory conjunctions. These trends existed for extrasensory perception and psychokinesis believers with those for life after death believers approaching significance. Consistent with Crupi and Tentori's Confirmation–Theoretical Framework, current findings suggest that paranormal believers are prone to a generic and confirmatory conjunction fallacy. Theoretical implications, methodological limitations and future research ideas are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning about Probability from Text and Tables: Do Color Coding and Labeling through an Interactive‐user Interface Help?
Authors: Clinton Virginia , Morsanyi Kinga , Alibali Martha W. , Nathan Mitchell J. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryLearning from visual representations is enhanced when learners appropriately integrate corresponding visual and verbal information. This study examined the effects of two methods of promoting integration, color coding and labeling, on learning about probabilistic reasoning from a table and text. Undergraduate students (N = 98) were randomly assigned to learn about probabilistic reasoning from one of 4 computer‐based lessons generated from a 2 (color coding/no color coding) by 2 (labeling/no labeling) between‐subjects design. Learners added the labels or color coding at their own pace by clicking buttons in a computer‐based lesson. Participants' eye movements were recorded while viewing the lesson. Labeling was beneficial for learning, but color coding was not. In addition, labeling, but not color coding, increased attention to important information in the table and time with the lesson. Both labeling and color coding increased looks between the text and corresponding information in the table. The findings provide support for the multimedia principle, and they suggest that providing labeling enhances learning about probabilistic reasoning from text and tables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General Cycloaddition Between a Trimethylsilyl‐Capped Alkyne and an Azide Catalyzed by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Copper Complex and Pyridine‐Biscarboxamide
Authors: Xu Haochen , Sun Zhihua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWith an externally provided catalytic amide facilitator and an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐copper (NHC‐Cu) complex, the cycloaddition of an azide and a trimethylsilyl (TMS)‐capped alkyne can proceed smoothly. This protocol can be applied to a variety of TMS‐capped substrates, with electron‐rich alkynes generally giving higher yields and nitroaromatic alkynes giving lower yields. For special applications of this protocol, a substrate containing both a terminal alkyne and a TMS‐capped alkyne can sequentially react with different azides without isolation of intermediates; and a macrocyclic product can also be formed efficiently without the complication of polymer formation.magnified image
Heterogeneous Gold‐Catalyzed Selective Semireduction of Alkynes using Formic Acid as Hydrogen Source
Authors: Li Shu‐Shuang , Tao Lei , Wang Fu‐Ze‐Rong , Liu Yong‐Mei , Cao Yong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA convenient and robust protocol for the selective transfer semireduction of alkynes was developed, using bio‐renewable formic acid as the hydrogen source and easily handled supported gold nanoparticles as the catalyst. The catalytic system showed several attractive features such as high activity and selectivity, recyclability, scalability and adaptability to continuous operation under mild reaction conditions, thus providing a practical alternative to current methods for alkyne semireduction.magnified image
Dendron‐Enhanced Emission from 1,4‐Bis[2,2‐bis(4‐alkoxyphenyl)vinyl]benzene Derivatives
Authors: Shi Zi‐Fa , An Peng , Wen Wei , Xing Zi‐Min , Cao Xiao‐Ping , Zhang Hao‐Li 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA series of peripheral dendron‐incorporating 1,4‐bis[2,2‐bis(4‐alkoxyphenyl)vinyl]benzenes with aggregation‐induced emission properties were synthesized. As the generation of the dendrons increased, there was an enhancement in the fluorescence emission of the corresponding fluorophore not only in the solid state but also in various solvent systems. The fluorescence quantum yields of the molecule with the largest dendons were up to 71 % in the solid state and 66 % in solution. The dendrons acted as a shell to the fluorophore core to prevent intermolecular π–π interactions and restrict the intramolecular rotations of the fluorophore, which improved the luminous intensity. This study shows that the incorporation of bulky dendrons is an effective way to increase the fluorescence emission efficiency of aggregation‐induced emission fluorophores.
Strategy Selection Versus Strategy Blending: A Predictive Perspective on Single‐ and Multi‐Strategy Accounts in Multiple‐Cue Estimation
Authors: Herzog Stefan M. , von Helversen Bettina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe claim that a person can use different strategies or processes to solve the same task is pervasive in decision making, categorization, estimation, reasoning, and other research fields. Yet suchmulti‐strategyapproaches differ widely in how they envision that the different strategies are coordinated and therefore do not represent one unitary approach.Toolboxmodels, for example, assume that people shift from one strategy to another as they adapt to specific task environments based on past experience. Unlike such multi‐strategyselectionapproaches, multi‐strategyblendingapproaches assume that the outputs of different strategies are blended into a joint, hybrid response (i.e., “wisdom of strategies” in one mind). The goal of this article is twofold. First, we discussstrategy blendingas a conceptual alternative to strategy selection for modeling human judgment. Second, we investigate the predictive performance of the different approaches in synthetic and real‐world environments. Taking anormative perspective, we study the coordination of rule‐based and exemplar‐based processes in estimation tasks. Our simulations using synthetic and real‐world environments indicate that, for medium‐sized samples, multi‐strategy blending approaches lead to more accurate estimates than relying on a single strategy or selecting a strategy based on past experience—possibly because neither rule‐ nor exemplar‐based processes in isolation are sufficient to capture statistical regularities that enable accurate estimates. This suggests that multi‐strategy blending approaches can be advantageous to the degree that they rely on qualitatively different strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retrospective analysis of bevacizumab‐induced hypertension and clinical outcome in patients with colorectal cancer and lung cancer
Authors: Nakaya Aya , Kurata Takayasu , Yokoi Takashi , Iwamoto Shigeyoshi , Torii Yoshitaro , Katashiba Yuichi , Ogata Makoto , Hamada Madoka , Kon Masanori , Nomura Shosaku 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBevacizumab(Avastin®), a humanized therapeutic monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor, is widely used in cancer treatment. Patients who are treated with bevacizumab have an increased risk of developing systemic hypertension. However, the relationship between bevacizumab‐induced hypertension and clinical outcome remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of bevacizumab‐induced hypertension in terms of prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer. The study included 632 patients, 317 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer and 315 patients with colorectal cancer. All patients were treated with bevacizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy protocols, between April 2007 and December 2014. Blood pressure was measured before each treatment cycle. In the patient group with colorectal cancer, treated with bevacizumab, Grade 2–3 hypertension was present in 27.6%. In hypertensive patients with colorectal cancer, median overall survival was 42.6 months, compared with 20.6 months for normotensive patients in this group (P = 0.00071). In the patient group with non‐small cell lung cancer, treated with bevacizumab, Grade 2–3 hypertension was present in 20.5%. In hypertensive patients with non‐small cell lung cancer, median overall survival was 43.0 months, compared with 26.3 months for normotensive patients in this group (P = 0.00451). Patients who developed hypertension during treatment with bevacizumab for colorectal cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer had significantly prolonged overall survival when compared with normotensive patients. Bevacizumab‐induced hypertension may represent a biomarker for clinical benefit in cancer patients treated with bevacizumab.