bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking the green and brown worlds through nonconsumptive predator effects
Authors: Sitvarin Michael I. , Rypstra Ann L. , Harwood James D. 
Published: January 2016

Predators can indirectly affect lower trophic levels by either consuming their prey (consumptive effect, CE) or by changing the physiology or behavior of their prey (nonconsumptive effect, NCE). Cascading effects of predators on primary producers are common, and can be propagated by CEs, NCEs, or a combination of both mechanisms.Predator impacts in detrital food webs (the ‘brown world’) have received considerably less attention than their effects on systems with primary producers at the base (the ‘green world’), and only recently have we begun to appreciate the importance of above‐ground predators indirectly impacting below‐ground processes.Numerous studies reveal the total impact (CEs and NCEs) of predators in brown food webs, but our understanding of the role of isolated NCEs is limited. Many habitats and major taxa have not been studied, and patterns are difficult to distinguish due to frequent reporting of mixed effects.Predators play an important role as connectors between brown and green worlds when they feed from both food webs (multichannel feeding). We are only beginning to understand how NCEs influence detrital food webs, and it is unknown whether multichannel fear is an essential component of predator–prey ecology that regulates ecosystem function.SynthesisPredators have been shown to impact ecosystems through both consumptive and nonconsumptive effects on their prey Historically, herbivory‐based ‘green’ systems have been the venue for documenting these predator effects, while detritus‐based ‘brown’ systems received considerably less attention. However, similar mechanisms exist in green and brown worlds, suggesting strong parallels. We review and synthesize predator effects in detrital systems, highlighting important shortcomings in current understanding. Furthermore, we build upon the idea of multichannel feeding (i.e. consumption of prey from both green and brown food webs) to propose the existence of ‘multichannel fear’. We provide a framework for documenting multichannel fear to facilitate continued exploration of how predators link seemingly disparate systems.
Fourier transform infrared characterization of the Middle Devonian non‐vascular plant Spongiophyton
Authors: Matsumura Willian M. K. , Balzaretti Naira M. , Iannuzzi Roberto 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSpectroscopy information (functional groups and semiquantitative data) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of Spongiophyton Kräusel emend. Chaloner et al. is reported for the first time, in an attempt to identify spectroscopic patterns that would differentiate species of these taxa. A total of 33 specimens identified as S. lenticularis, S. nanum and S. minutissimum and preserved as compressions were analysed. They come from the same fossiliferous horizon of one outcrop situated in the uppermost Middle Devonian São Domingos Formation of the Paraná Basin in southern Brazil. The results reveal that functional groups in the 3000–2800 and 1800–700 cm−1 wavenumber regions are present in all specimens. Infrared‐derived ratios (CH2/CH3, Al/Ox, Ox1/Ox2, C=O cont., C=C cont., Al2 and Ar/Al) and types of kerogen led to a comparison of the morphological characteristics of the studied material and indicate that compressions of S. lenticularis, S. nanum and S. minutissimum contain different organic compounds. S. nanum and S. minutissimum show higher oxidation and lower aromaticity of its organic matter than S. lenticularis. Additionally, S. lenticularis shows low A‐factor values, suggesting a composition similar to type III kerogen, while S. nanum and S. minutissimum showed intermediate to high A‐factor values, suggesting a composition similar to type II kerogen. In conclusion, the chemical‐analytical techniques and statistical analysis (using PCA technique) reveal a closer taxonomic relationship between S. nanum and S. minutissimum than either has with S. lenticularis, supporting their taxonomic separation, previously proposed in the literature on the basis of morphological features. Lastly, the chemical signatures support the hypothesis that links these enigmatic fossils to a type of lichen or other early inland plant.
Functional cloning of a gp100‐reactive T‐cell receptor from vitiligo patient skin
Authors: Klarquist Jared , Eby Jonathan M. , Henning Steven W. , Li Mingli , Wainwright Derek A. , Westerhof Wiete , Luiten Rosalie M. , Nishimura Michael I. , Le Poole I Caroline 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe isolated gp100‐reactive T cells from perilesional skin of a patient with progressive vitiligo with superior reactivity toward melanoma cells compared with tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes 1520, a melanoma‐derived T‐cell line reactive with the same cognate peptide. After dimer enrichment and limited dilution cloning, amplified cells were subjected to reverse transcription and 5′ RACE to identify the variable TCRα and TCRβ subunit sequences. The full‐length sequence was cloned into a retroviral vector separating both subunits by a P2A slippage sequence and introduced into Jurkat cells and primary T cells. Cytokine secreted by transduced cells in response to cognate peptide and gp100‐expressing targets signifies that we have successfully cloned a gp100‐reactive T‐cell receptor from actively depigmenting skin.
Reduced duration of untreated illness over time in patients with schizophrenia spectrum, mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Dell'Osso Bernardo , Oldani Lucio , Camuri Giulia , Benatti Beatrice , Grancini Benedetta , Arici Chiara , Cremaschi Laura , Palazzo Mariacarlotta , Spagnolin Gregorio , Dobrea Cristina , Altamura A. Carlo 
Published: January 2016

AimsPsychiatric disorders represent highly impairing conditions, often underdiagnosed and undertreated, with a conspicuous duration of untreated illness (DUI). Given that social and cultural factors influence the DUI and assuming that progress in diagnosis and treatment determines a reduced latency to pharmacotherapy, we assessed and compared DUI and related variables in a large sample of psychiatric patients (n = 562) whose onset occurred within three different a priori‐defined epochs.MethodsTwo temporal cut‐offs were established – the year 1978, when Law 180 (redefining standards for mental care) was introduced in Italy, and the year 2000 – in order to divide patients into three subgroups: onset before 1978, onset 1978–2000 and onset after 2000.ResultsA significant difference in terms of age at onset, age at first diagnosis and age at first treatment was observed in patients with onset 1978–2000 and in those with onset after 2000. In addition, a significant reduction of the DUI was found across epochs (onset before 1978: 192.25 ± 184.52 months; onset 1978–2000: 77.00 ± 96.63 months; and onset after 2000: 19.00 ± 31.67 months; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of patients with onset‐related stressful events, use of benzodiazepines and neurological referral was found to be significantly different between the three epochs (χ2 = 23.4, P < 0.001; χ2 = 9.92, P = 0.007; χ2 = 16.50, P = 0.011).ConclusionsPresent data indicate a progressive, statistically significant reduction of latency to treatment and other related changes across subsequent epochs of onset in patients with different psychiatric disorders. Future studies will assess specific changes within homogeneous diagnostic subgroups.
Recurrent Coxsackievirus Infection in a Patient with Lamellar Ichthyosis
Authors: Damsky William E. , Leventhal Jonathan S. , Khalil David , Vesely Matthew D. , Craiglow Brittany G. , Milstone Leonard M. , Choate Keith A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe describe a case of coxsackievirus (CV) A6 infection in a patient with lamellar ichthyosis followed by subsequent CV A8 infection within the same year. Atypical cutaneous features characterized the infection. This observation, combined with the rapidity with which reinfection occurred, suggests that the natural history of CV infection may be altered in patients with underlying ichthyoses.
Erythema Ab Igne in Three Girls with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Dessinioti Clio , Katsambas Andreas , Tzavela Eleni , Karountzos Vasileios , Tsitsika Artemis K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present three girls with the eating disorder anorexia nervosa (AN) presenting with erythema ab igne (EAI), a benign, reticular, erythematous dermatosis caused by repeated prolonged skin exposure to mild heat. AN has been associated with abnormal peripheral vascular response to cold, vasoconstriction of the limbs, low hand blood flow, exaggerated response to cold stimuli, subnormal core temperature, and a general feeling of cold that may encourage prolonged heat exposure and induce EAI.
Rise of the Regulatory Welfare State? Social Regulation in Utilities in Israel
Authors: Haber Hanan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article explores the relation between economic liberalization, regulation and welfare. It asks how the state regulates, delays or prevents service disconnection due to debt and arrears, and what this kind of policy implies regarding the use of regulation as a form of social policy. This is done through a comparative study of the electricity and water sectors in Israel after liberalization. It finds that after initial economic reform, both sectors saw a growth in regulation intended to compensate for the social effects of reform, in what may be termed the ‘regulatory welfare state’. However, this form of social protection has been residual and incoherent. The article argues that trying to separate economic reform from its social consequences is unrealistic and may lead to adverse social and economic results. Second, findings raise concerns regarding the potential of the regulatory welfare state to deliver effective and fair social policy.
The use of alum to decrease phosphorus loss from dairy farm laneways in southern New Zealand
Authors: Smith L. C. , McDowell R. W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDairy farm laneways are sources of enriched P loss. Aluminium sulphate (alum) has been shown to decrease P loss when applied to land; our hypothesis was that alum may serve as a cost‐effective strategy to mitigate P loss from laneways connected to streams. A 4‐month field study, over the milking period when cows regularly used the laneway, showed that alum (25 and 50 kg/Al/ha) initially lowered FRP losses for four events, over 60 days, following application. If connected to a stream, the cost‐effectiveness of alum use on dairy farm laneways (51–75 USD per kg P retained) was high compared to other strategies on a grazed dairy farm.
Alternative strategies to platelet transfusion
Authors: Lozano M. , Cid J. 
Published: January 2016

Although platelet transfusions continue to be the mainstay in the management of patients suffering from qualitative and quantitative disorders, several strategies might be considered when trying to reduce or avoid platelet transfusions. Those include assuring a higher haemoglobin level and pharmacological interventions. Several studiesin vitroandin vivosuggest that higher haematocrit decreases bleeding time in anaemic patients. This effect might be due to the haemorheological effect of red blood cells that expel platelets towards the wall optimizing the interaction of circulating platelets with the injured subendothelium. Several drugs have shown the capacity for improving the haemostasis and decreasing the bleeding diathesis in patients suffering from thrombocytopathies and/or thrombocytopenias, although the evidence is scarce and sometimes contradictory. Among antifibrinolytic drugs, two synthetic derivates are available, epsilon aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid, although the latter one is the preferred for most of indications, given its higher and more sustained antifibrinolytic activity in tissues and lower and less frequent dosing. A few reports have shown the efficacy of desmopressin in treating patients with quantitative platelet disorders and Bernard–Soulier syndrome. Patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia do not respond to desmopressin. Recombinant activated factorVIIis currently approved in the European Union for treating patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia refractory to platelet transfusions due to antibodies toGPIIb‐IIIa and/orHLA. Currently, we have available two thrombopoietin analogues (romiplostim and eltrombopag) that have been used in patients with quantitative and/or qualitative platelet disorders. Several platelet substitutes are currently under development and one is being tested in healthy volunteers, but none is available yet in the market.
Sickle‐cell disease in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Noubouossie D. , Tayou Tagny C. , Chetcha B. , Ngo Balogog P. , Mbanya D. N. 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectivesSickle‐cell disease, over a century since its discovery, remains a great challenge in sub‐Saharan Africa, where the burden of the disease is highest and where resources for managing its various complications are scarce. This paper is a general review of sickle‐cell disease and, especially in Africa, focusing on its manifestations, complications and the management strategies in place.Materials and MethodsData for this review were collected from published articles, books, and internet websites and from personal experiences.ResultsThe findings highlight the major clinical manifestations, the diagnostic methods and management strategies used in sub‐Saharan Africa as well as some of the challenges encountered.ConclusionsBetter organisation with co‐ordinated multidisciplinary teams as well as government commitment is indispensable for optimal sickle‐cell disease care in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Comparison of the allelopathic effects and uptake of Fallopia japonica phytochemicals by Raphanus sativus
Authors: Tucker Serniak L 
Published: January 2016

SummaryFallopia japonica (Japanese Knotweed) is a prolific invader possessing several potentially allelopathic chemicals. The aim of this study was to determine whether four of these compounds inhibit the germination and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus) seedlings. Seeds were planted in potting soil and grown under glasshouse conditions for 2 weeks and the phytochemicals were gradually added to the soil over the course of the study. For all phytochemicals, there was no significant reduction in germination, plant heights, leaf widths or leaf lengths. However, plants treated with resveratrol, emodin and (–)‐epicatechin had significantly shorter root lengths than the control. Seedlings were dried and extracts were prepared with methanol. Extracts were tested via fluorescence spectrophotometry for uptake of the chemicals. Polydatin was detected at the highest concentration, with resveratrol and emodin detected at much lower concentrations. (–)‐Epicatechin was below the limits of detection. These results suggest that F. japonica may negatively impact the growth of other species and that multiple chemicals work together to give the plant a competitive advantage.
An Evidence‐Based Approach to Scoping Reviews
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Peters Micah , Godfrey Christina M. , McInerney Patricia , Soares Cassia Baldini , Parker Deborah 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveScoping reviews are used to assess the extent of a body of literature on a particular topic, and often to ensure that further research in that area is a beneficial addition to world knowledge. The aim of this paper reports upon the development of a methodology for scoping reviews based upon the Arksey and O'Malley framework, the Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien, and the Joanna Briggs Institute methods of evidence synthesis.MethodsA working group consisting of members of the Joanna Briggs collaborating organizations met to discuss the proposed framework for the methodology and develop a draft for the scoping review methodology based on the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the work of Levac et al. This was followed by a workshop attended by other members of the organizations consisting of 30 international researchers to discuss the proposed methodology. Further refinement of the methodology was undertaken as a result of the feedback received from the workshop.ResultsThe development of the methodology focused on five stages of the protocol and review development. These were identifying the research question by clarifying and linking the purpose and research question, identifying the relevant studies using a three‐step literature search in order to balance feasibility with breadth and comprehensiveness, careful selection of the studies to using a team approach, charting the data and collating the results to identify the implications of the study findings for policy, practice, or research.Linking Evidence to ActionThe current methodology recommends including both quantitative and qualitative research, as well as evidence from economic and expert opinion sources to answer questions of effectiveness, appropriateness, meaningfulness and feasibility of health practices and delivery methods. The proposed framework has the potential to provide options when faced with complex concepts or broad research questions.
Dual T‐type and L‐type calcium channel blocker exerts beneficial effects in attenuating cardiovascular dysfunction in iron‐overloaded thalassaemic mice
Authors: Kumfu Sirinart , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Fucharoen Suthat , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: January 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Head‐to‐head comparison of the therapeutic efficacy among commercial iron chelators and a dual T‐ (TTCC) and L‐type calcium channel (LTCC) blocker on cardiac function, mitochondrial function and the protein expression of cardiac iron transporters in thalassaemic mice in iron‐overloaded conditions has not been assessed.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The dual TTCC and LTCC blocker efonidipine could provide broad beneficial effects in the heart, liver, plasma and mitochondria in both wild‐type and thalassaemic mice in iron‐overloaded conditions. Its beneficial effects are of the same degree as the three commercial iron chelators currently used clinically. It is possible that efonidipine could be an alternative choice in patients unable to take iron chelators for the treatment of iron‐overload conditions.

Iron chelation therapy is a standard treatment in thalassaemia patients; however, its poor cardioprotective efficacy and serious side‐effects are a cause for concern. Previous studies have shown that treatment with L‐type calcium channel (LTCC) blockers or dual T‐type calcium channel (TTCC) and LTCC blockers decreases cardiac iron and improves cardiac dysfunction in an iron‐overloaded rodent model. Currently, the head‐to‐head comparison of therapeutic efficacy among commercial iron chelators, a dual TTCC and LTCC blocker and an LTCC blocker on cardiac function, mitochondrial function and the protein expression of cardiac iron transporters in thalassaemic mice in an iron‐overloaded state has never been investigated. An iron‐overloaded state was induced in β‐thalassaemic and wild‐type mice. Cardiac iron overload was induced to a greater extent than in a previous study by feeding the mice with an iron‐enriched diet for 4 months. Then, an LTCC blocker (amlodipine) or a dual TTCC and LTCC blocker (efonidipine) or one of the commercial iron chelators (deferoxamine, deferasirox or deferiprone) was administered for 1 month with continuous iron feeding. All treatments reduced cardiac iron deposition and improved mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunction in both types of mice. Only efonidipine and the iron chelators reduced liver iron accumulation, liver malondialdehyde and plasma malondialdehyde in these mice. Although all pharmacological interventions reduced cardiac iron deposition, they did not alter the protein expression levels of cardiac iron transporter. These findings indicated that efonidipine provided all benefits to the same degree as the three commercial iron chelators. These findings indicate that a dual TTCC and LTCC blocker could be beneficial for treatment of an iron‐overloaded state.
Secure fixation of femoral bone plug with a suspensory button in anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft
Authors: Taketomi Shuji , Inui Hiroshi , Nakamura Kensuke , Yamagami Ryota , Tahara Keitaro , Sanada Takaki , Masuda Hironari , Tanaka Sakae , Nakagawa Takumi 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: the efficacy and safety of using a suspensory button for femoral fixation in anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bonepatellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft have not been established. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate bone plug integration onto the femoral socket and migration of the bone plug and the EndoButton (EB) (Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA, USA) after rectangular tunnel ACL reconstruction with BPTB autograft.
Methods: thirty-four patients who underwent anatomical rectangular ACL reconstruction with BPTB graft using EB for femoral fixation and in whom three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) was performed one week and one year after surgery were included in this study. Bone plug integration onto the femoral socket, bone plug migration, soft tissue interposition, EB migration and EB rotation were evaluated on 3D CT. The clinical outcome was also assessed and correlated with the imaging outcomes.
Results: the bone plug was integrated onto the femoral socket in all cases. The incidence of bone plug migration, soft tissue interposition, EB migration and EB rotation was 15, 15, 9 and 56%, respectively. No significant association was observed between the imaging outcomes. The postoperative mean Lysholm score was 97.1 ± 5.0 points. The postoperative side-to-side difference, evaluated using a KT-2000 arthrometer, averaged 0.5 ± 1.3 mm. There were no complications associated with EB use. Imaging outcomes did not affect the postoperative KT side-to-side difference.
Conclusions: the EB is considered a reliable device for femoral fixation in anatomical rectangular tunnel ACL reconstruction with BPTB autograft.
Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Use of the KineSpring system in the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results
Authors: Madonna Vincenzo , Condello Vincenzo , Piovan Gianluca , Screpis Daniele , Zorzi Claudio 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to analyze our preliminary results obtained with the KineSpring system in patients suffering from medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: between September 2012 and May 2014, 53 patients underwent treatment with the KineSpring system. Patient self-assessment was performed preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and included the KOOS, Tegner activity score, Lysholm functional knee score, VAS knee pain score, and IKDC score. Device- and procedure-related adverse events were recorded.
Results: mean KOOS subscales, except for the Sport/Recreation subscale at six months, improved over time. Mean WOMAC Pain and Function domains, Lysholm score, IKDC score and VAS knee pain score improved over the follow-up period and were significantly improved at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively compared to baseline. Mean Tegner score improved slightly over time. In 5 of the 53 (9.4%) patients re-operation was necessary. In 3 patients the device was removed due to infection (one case) or persistent knee pain (two cases). Surgical arthrolysis was performed in two patients.
Conclusions: in our preliminary experience, the KineSpring system gave good short-term clinical results.
Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.