bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subwavelength structure (SWS) of alumina treated by aluminum dihydrogen phosphate
Authors: Zhang Zuyi 
Published: September 2024

The subwavelength structure (SWS) surface of γ-AlOOH transformed from sol-gel derived amorphous alumina on a Ge prism and quartz and subsequently followed by the treatment of aqueous aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (AlP) was investigated by optical spectroscopy in the visible region and attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy, respectively. To facilitate the mechanism of anti-reflection in the SWS based on a graded region in the refractive index, the layer of amorphous alumina was widened by using a two-layer coating and by employing the precursor’s solution with prolonged aging for 6 months. As for the treatment of aqueous phosphate, the enrichment of D2O was applied in combination with infrared spectroscopy. The anti-reflection of the SWS coating on quartz became superior by increasing the thickness of amorphous alumina up to 400 nm, which was reproduced in the simulations with an increase in width of the graded region having the principal gradient of the refractive index. By ATR infrared spectroscopy, aqueous aluminum dihydrogen phosphate was inferred to penetrate into the amorphous layer of alumina left at the interface with the substrate and reacted with it, increasing the refractive index of the amorphous layer. By the enrichment of D2O, it was revealed that there were few pores accessible by the vapor of D2O in the SWS coating treated by AlP. The reaction of the amorphous layer with aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is inferred to prevent corrosion from moisture in the optical glasses beneath in practical camera lenses.
Analysis of Cholera Risk in India: Insights from 2017–18 Serosurvey Data Integrated with Epidemiologic data and Societal Determinants from 2015–2019
Authors: Kanungo Suman , Nandy Ranjan Kumar , Talukdar Rounik , Murhekar Manoj , Azman Andrew S. , Hegde Sonia T. , Chatterjee Pranab , Chakraborty Debjit , Das Madhuchhanda , Kamaraj P , Kumar Muthusamy Santhosh ,   Dengue Serosurvey Group, Dutta Shanta 
Published: September 2024

Background
Indian subcontinent being an important region in the fight to eliminate cholera needs better cholera surveillance. Current methods miss most infections, skewing disease burden estimates. Triangulating serosurvey data, clinical cases, and risk factors could reveal India’s true cholera risk.

Methods
We synthesized data from a nationally representative serosurvey, outbreak reports and risk factors like water, sanitation and the Multidimensional Poverty Index, to create a composite vulnerability index for assessing state-wise cholera risk in India. We tested 7,882 stored sera samples collected during 2017–18 from individuals aged 9–45 years, for vibriocidal antibodies to Vibrio cholerae O1 using a cut-off titre ≥320 defining as elevated titre. We also extracted data from the 2015–19 Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme and published cholera reports.

Results
Overall, 11.7% (CI: 10.4–13.3%) of the sampled population had an elevated titre of cholera vibriocidal antibodies (≥320). The Southern region experienced the highest incidence (16.8%, CI: 12.1–22.8), followed by the West (13.2%, CI: 10.0–17.3) and North (10.7%, CI: 9.3–12.3). Proportion of samples with an elevated vibriocidal titre (≥320) was significantly higher among individuals aged 18–45 years (13.0% CI: 11.2–15.1) compared to children 9–17 years (8.6%, CI 7.3–10.0, p<0.05); we found no differences between sex or urbanicity. Between 2015–2019, the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) reported 29,400 cases of cholera across the country. Using the composite vulnerability index, we found Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal were the most vulnerable states in India in terms of risk of cholera.

Conclusion
The present study showed that cholera infection is present in all five regions across India. The states with high cholera vulnerability could be prioritized for targeted prevention interventions.
Nesfatin-1 regulates the phenotype transition of cavernous smooth muscle cells by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to improve diabetic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Chen Keming , Huang Bincheng , Feng Jiajing , Hu Zhengxing , Fan Shuzhe , Ren Shuai , Tian Haifu , Abdulkarem M. M. Al-qaisi Mohammed , Wang Xuehao , Tuo Yunshang , Liang Xiaoxia , Xie Haibo , He Rui , Li Guangyong 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the impact of Nesfatin-1 on type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DMED) and its underlying mechanism in regulating the phenotypic switching of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs).MethodsTwenty-four 4-week-old male C57 wild-type mice were randomly assigned to the control group, model group, and Nesfatin-1 treatment group. Monitoring included body weight, blood glucose levels, and penile cavernous pressure (ICP). Histochemistry and Western blot analyses were conducted to assess the expressions of α-SMA, OPN, and factors related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CCSMCs were categorized into the control group, high glucose and high oleic acid group (GO group), Nesfatin-1 treatment group (GO+N group), sildenafil positive control group (GO+S group), and PI3K inhibitor group (GO+N+E group). Changes in phenotypic markers, cell morphology, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were observed in each group.Results(1) Nesfatin-1 significantly ameliorated the body size, body weight, blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance in T2DMED mice. (2) Following Nesfatin-1 treatment, the ICP/MSBP ratio and the peak of the ICP curve demonstrated a significant increase. (3) Nesfatin-1 significantly enhanced smooth muscle and reduced collagen fibers in the corpus cavernosum. (4) Nesfatin-1 notably increased α-SMA expression and decreased OPN expression in CCSMCs. (5) Nesfatin-1 elevated PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR levels in penile cavernous tissue.ConclusionsNesfatin-1 not only effectively improves body weight and blood glucose levels in diabetic mice but also enhances erectile function and regulates the phenotypic switching of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. The potential mechanism involves Nesfatin-1 activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to induce the conversion of CCSMCs to a contractile phenotype.
HIV-1 residual risk and pre-treatment drug resistance among blood donors: A sentinel surveillance from Gabon
Authors: Mangala Christian , Takou Désiré , Maulot-Bangola Denis , Beloumou Grace , Rebienot Pellegrin Olivier , Sosso Samuel Martin , Ambe Chenwi Collins , Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel , Vigan Codjo Franck , Boussougou Olga , Nka Alex Durand , Tommo Michel , Fainguem Nadine , Kamgaing Rachel , Ama Moor Vicky , Kamga Gonsu Hortense , Penlap Veronique , Nkoa Thérèse , Colizzi Vittorio , Perno Carlo-Federico , Fokam Joseph , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: September 2024

Background
Surveillance of HIV-1 pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) is essential for ensuring the success of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Beside population-based surveys, sentinel surveillance of PDR and circulating HIV-1 clades in specific populations such as blood donors could efficiently inform decision-making on ART program. We therefore sought to ascertain HIV-1 residual infection, the threshold of PDR and viral diversity among recently-diagnosed blood donors in Gabon.

Methods
A sentinel surveillance was conducted among 381 consenting blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Center (NBTC) in Gabon from August 3,2020 to August, 31, 2021. In order to determine the residual risk of HIV transmission, viral load and HIV-1 Sanger-sequencing were performed at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Center (CIRCB)-Cameroon on HIV samples previously tested seronegative with ELISA in Gabon. Phylogeny was performed using MEGA X, PDR threshold>10% was considered high and data were analysed using p≤0.05 for statistical significance.

Results
Five HIV-negative blood donors had a detectable viral load indicating a high residual risk of HIV transmission. Among the samples successfully sequenced, four participants had major drug resistance mutations (DRMs), giving a threshold of PDR of 25% (4/16). By drug class, major DRMs targeting NNRTI (K103N, E138G), NRTIs (L210W) and PI/r (M46L). The most representative viral clades were CRF02_AG and subtype A1. The genetic diversity of HIV-1 had no significant effect on the residual risk in blood transfusion (CRF02_AG, P = 0.3 and Recombinants, P = 0.5).

Conclusion
This sentinel surveillance indicates a high residual risk of HIV-1 transfusion in Gabon, thereby underscoring the need for optimal screening strategy for blood safety. Moreover, HIV-1 transmission goes with high-risk of PDR, suggesting suboptimal efficacy of ART. Nonetheless, the genetic diversity has limited (if any effect) on the residual risk of infection and PDR in blood donors.
Low dose TamOxifen and LifestylE changes for bReast cANcer prevention (TOLERANT study): Study protocol of a randomized phase II biomarker trial in women at increased risk for breast cancer
Authors: Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Serrano Davide , Gnagnarella Patrizia , Johansson Harriet , Zovato Stefania , Nardi Mariateresa , Pensabene Matilde , Buccolo Simona , DeCensi Andrea , Briata Irene Maria , Pistelli Luigi , Sansone Clementina , Mannucci Sara , Aristarco Valentina , Macis Debora , Lazzeroni Matteo , Aurilio Gaetano , Accornero Chiara Arianna , Gandini Sara , Bonanni Bernardo 
Published: September 2024

Background
Breast Cancer (BC) prevention strategies range from lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity and reducing body weight to preventive drugs like tamoxifen, known to reduce BC incidence in high-risk women. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is related to BC risk due to its ability to bind circulating estradiol at high affinity and to regulate estradiol action. A study protocol is presented based on the assessment of the effect of different interventions such as tamoxifen at 10 mg every other day (LDT), intermittent caloric restriction (ICR) two days per week, lifestyle intervention (LI, step counter use) and their combination on the modulation of SHBG and several other biomarkers associated to BC.

Methods
A randomized phase II biomarker study will be conducted in 4 Italian centers. Unaffected women aged between 18 and 70 years, carriers of a germline pathogenetic variant (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, or other moderate penetrance genes), or with a >5% BC risk at 10 years (according to the Tyrer-Cuzick or the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Risk models) or with a previous diagnosis of intraepithelial neoplasia will be eligible. A total of 200 participants will be randomized to one of the four arms: LDT; LDT + ICR; LI; LI + ICR. Interventions will span six months, with baseline and follow-up clinic visits and interim phone calls.

Discussion
The aim of the study is to verify whether LDT increases circulating SHBG more than LI with or without ICR after 6 months. Secondary objectives include assessing HOMA-index, inflammatory markers, adiponectin/leptin ratio, quality of life (QoL), safety, toxicity, mammographic density, and changes in microbiome composition across groups. The study’s innovation lies in its inclusion of diverse BC risk categories and combination of pharmaceutical and behavioral interventions, potentially enhancing intervention efficacy while balancing tamoxifen’s side effects on QoL, especially menopausal symptoms.

Trial registration
EuCT number:2023-503994-39-00; Clinical trials.gov NCT06033092.
Sex and disease regulate major histocompatibility complex class I expression in human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Mathé Justine , Brochu Sylvie , Adam Damien , Brochiero Emmanuelle , Perreault Claude 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules present peptides to CD8+ T‐cells for immunosurveillance of infection and cancer. Recent studies indicate lineage‐specific heterogeneity in MHC I expression. While respiratory diseases rank among the leading causes of mortality, studies in mice have shown that lung epithelial cells (LECs) express the lowest levels of MHC I in the lung. This study aims to answer three questions: (i) Do human LECs express low levels of MHC I? (ii) Is LEC MHC I expression modulated in chronic respiratory diseases? (iii) Which factors regulate MHC I levels in human LECs? We analyzed human LECs from parenchymal explants using single‐cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining. We confirmed low constitutive MHC I expression in human LECs, with significant upregulation in chronic respiratory diseases. We observed a sexual dimorphism, with males having higher MHC I levels under steady‐state conditions, likely due to differential redox balance. Our study unveils the complex interplay between MHC I expression, sex, and respiratory disease. Since MHC I upregulation contributes to the development of immunopathologies in other models, we propose that it may have a similar impact on chronic lung disease.
Radiogenomics based survival prediction of small-sample glioblastoma patients by multi-task DFFSP model
Authors: Fu Xue , Chen Chunxiao , Chen Zhiying , Yu Jie , Wang Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the multi-task dense-feature-fusion survival prediction (DFFSP) model is proposed to predict the three-year survival for glioblastoma (GBM) patients based on radiogenomics data. The contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1w) image, T2-weighted (T2w) image and copy number variation (CNV) is used as the input of the three branches of the DFFSP model. This model uses two image extraction modules consisting of residual blocks and one dense feature fusion module to make multi-scale fusion of T1w and T2w image features as backbone. Also, a gene feature extraction module is used to adaptively weight CNV fragments. Besides, a transfer learning module is introduced to solve the small sample problem and an image reconstruction module is adopted to make the model anatomy-aware under a multi-task framework. 256 sample pairs (T1w and corresponding T2w MRI slices) and 187 CNVs of 74 patients were used. The experimental results show that the proposed model can predict the three-year survival of GBM patients with the accuracy of 89.1 %, which is improved by 3.2 and 4.7 % compared with the model without genes and the model using last fusion strategy, respectively. This model could also classify the patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, which will effectively assist doctors in diagnosing GBM patients.
Verb influence on French wh-placement: a parallel corpus study
Authors: Fliessbach Jan , Rockstroh Johanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our study investigates the effect of French verb lemmata on the preverbal (QV) or postverbal (VQ) positioning of interrogative forms equivalent to English ‘what’ (que, quoi, and related forms) within a French–Spanish parallel corpus of subtitles. We highlight and illustrate the corpus’s utility for studying less frequent verbs in combination with specific wh-forms. Our findings suggest that less frequent French verbs exhibit weaker associations with QV compared to their more frequent counterparts. A post-hoc study using Spanish translations reveals that French verbs correlated with QV often denote observable actions involving directly accessible Q-referents. We hypothesise that queries concerning ‘situationally accessible’ referents are predominantly utilised for non-standard, evaluative, or challenging questions, which are typically QV in French.
Lipschitz regularity of sub-elliptic harmonic maps into CAT(0) space
Authors: Assimos Renan , Gui Yaoting , Jost Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We prove the local Lipschitz continuity of sub-elliptic harmonic maps between certain singular spaces, more specifically from the 𝑛-dimensional Heisenberg group into

CAT
⁡

(
0
)

\operatorname{CAT}(0)

spaces.
Our main theorem establishes that these maps have the desired Lipschitz regularity, extending the Hölder regularity in this setting proven in [Y. Gui, J. Jost and X. Li-Jost, Subelliptic harmonic maps with values in metric spaces of nonpositive curvature, Commun. Math. Res.
38 (2022), 4, 516–534] and obtaining same regularity as in [H.-C. Zhang and X.-P. Zhu, Lipschitz continuity of harmonic maps between Alexandrov spaces, Invent. Math.
211 (2018), 3, 863–934] for certain sub-Riemannian geometries; see also [N. Gigli, On the regularity of harmonic maps from

RCD
⁢

(
K
,
N
)

\mathrm{RCD}(K,N)

to

CAT
⁢

(
0
)

\mathrm{CAT}(0)

spaces and related results, preprint (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.04317; and A. Mondino and D. Semola, Lipschitz continuity and Bochner–Eells–Sampson inequality for harmonic maps from

RCD
⁡

(
k
,
n
)

\operatorname{RCD}(k,n)

spaces to

CAT
⁡

(
0
)

\operatorname{CAT}(0)

spaces, preprint (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01590] for the generalisation to RCD spaces.
The present result paves the way for a general regularity theory of sub-elliptic harmonic maps, providing a versatile approach applicable beyond the Heisenberg group.
Analysis of cell cycle stage, replicated DNA, and chromatin-associated proteins using high-throughput flow cytometry
Authors: Bejarano Franco Marina , Boujataoui Safia , Hadji Majd , Hammer Louis , Ulrich Helle D. , Reuter L. Maximilian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Flow cytometry is a versatile tool used for cell sorting, DNA content imaging, and determining various cellular characteristics. With the possibility of high-throughput analyses, it combines convenient labelling techniques to serve rapid, quantitative, and qualitative workflows. The ease of sample preparation and the broad range of applications render flow cytometry a preferred approach for many scientific questions. Yet, we lack practical adaptations to fully harness the quantitative and high-throughput capabilities of most cytometers for many organisms. Here, we present simple and advanced protocols for the analysis of total DNA content, de novo DNA synthesis, and protein association to chromatin in budding yeast and human cells. Upon optimization of experimental conditions and choice of fluorescent dyes, up to four parameters can be measured simultaneously and quantitatively for each cell of a population in a multi-well plate format. Reducing sample numbers, plastic waste, costs per well, and hands-on time without compromising signal quality or single-cell accuracy are the main advantages of the presented protocols. In proof-of-principle experiments, we show that DNA content increase in S-phase correlates with de novo DNA synthesis and can be predicted by the presence of the replicative helicase MCM2-7 on genomic DNA.
Allergic reactions to enzyme replacement therapy in children with lysosomal storage diseases and their management
Authors: Arik Elif , Keskin Özlem , Albayrak Serpil , Keskin Mehmet , Cesur Mahmut , Karaoglan Murat , Inal Gaye , Yildirim Ahmet , Kucukosmanoglu Ercan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Human recombinant enzyme replacement therapy, given to compensate for genetic enzyme deficiency in lysosomal storage diseases, delays the progression of the disease and improves the quality of life. However, enzyme replacement therapy may cause hypersensitivity reactions. Within the scope of this research, we aimed to elucidate the frequency and clinical features of hypersensitivity reactions against enzyme replacement therapy in children with lysosomal storage diseases and clarify the management of these reactions.

Methods
Medical records of pediatric patients with lysosomal storage disease and receiving enzyme replacement therapy were retrospectively reviewed, and patients who experienced allergic reactions were included in the study. The demographic characteristics of the patients, their diagnosis, the responsible enzyme, the time at which the reaction started and at what dose, the signs and symptoms associated with the reaction, diagnostic tests, the management of the reaction, and the protocol applied for the maintenance of enzyme replacement therapy after the reaction were recorded.

Results
Hypersensitivity reactions developed in 18 of 71 patients (25.3 %) who received enzyme replacement therapy. The most common cutaneous findings were observed. Anaphylaxis developed in 6 of 18 patients. Patients who experienced recurrent hypersensitivity reactions with premedication or a slower infusion rate, those with positive skin test results, and patients who developed anaphylaxis were given enzyme replacement therapy with desensitization.

Conclusions
HSR may develop during enzyme replacement therapy, which are vital in lysosomal storage diseases, and discontinuation of enzyme replacement therapy is a significant loss for patients with metabolic disorders. These reactions can be treated with premedication and long-term infusions, but some patients may require desensitization protocols for continued treatment.
An unconditionally stable numerical scheme for solving nonlinear Fisher equation
Authors: Vimal Vikash , Sinha Rajesh Kumar , Liju Pannikkal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, novel numerical methods are presented for solving nonlinear Fisher equations. These equations have a wide range of applications in various scientific and engineering fields, particularly in the biomedical sciences for determining the size of brain tumors. The challenges posed by the nonlinearity of the equations are effectively addressed through the development of numerical techniques. The nonlinearity is tackled using a combination of the method of lines and backward differentiation formulas of varied orders. This method is unconditionally stable, and its accuracy is evaluated using error norms. The methods are successfully validated against test problems with known solutions, demonstrating their superiority through comparative analyses with existing methodologies in the literature.
Grenzen – Beiträge zur Genealogie eines Konzepts
Authors: Ricken Norbert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vor dem Hintergrund einer veränderten gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung von ,Grenzen‘ widmet sich der Beitrag der Auseinandersetzung mit ,Grenze‘ als einem kulturellen Topos. Gerade weil das, was mit ,Grenze‘ aufgerufen wird, alles andere als eindeutig und über die Zeit stabil verfasst (gewesen) ist, lohnt sich ein genealogischer Blick auf die ,Grenze‘. Dabei tauchen dann nicht nur Fragen auf, was denn jeweilig unter ,Grenze‘ verstanden wird und worden ist, sondern auch, was sich über die Bedeutung und Funktion des Konzepts der Grenze, über die Logik des Be- und Entgrenzens, sagen lässt. Nach einer kurzen begriffsgeschichtlichen Auseinandersetzung (1) geht es unter dem Stichwort der ,Grenzregime‘ um drei typologische Praktiken der Grenzziehung, -verschiebung und -aufhebung und ihre jeweiligen Logiken (2), bevor schließlich einige systematische Folgerungen gezogen und Unterscheidungen getroffen werden (3).
Entgrenzungen und Begrenzungen
Authors: Krebs Moritz , Schamel Liesa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Anliegen des Beitrags ist es, besondere Veränderungen in den Grundlagen von Erfahrung und Erkenntnis durch Prozesse der Digitalisierung als dialektisches Verhältnis von Entgrenzung und Begrenzung auszuweisen. Dazu werden zunächst Aspekte dieses Verhältnisses auf gesellschafts- und kulturtheoretischer Ebene herausgestellt. Dadurch geraten Ideologie und Realität des Digitalen in den Blick. Im Hinblick auf die Sozialität des Digitalen werden die Widersprüche zwischen den Verheißungen auf Erfüllung sozialer Bedürfnisse und ihrer Realisierung thematisiert.