bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cochlear Implantation in Patients With CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Rah Yoon Chan , Lee Ji Young , Suh Myung-Whan , Park Moo Kyun , Lee Jun Ho , Chang Sun O , Oh Seung-ha 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To determine the optimal surgical approach for cochlear implantation (CI) preoperatively based on the spatial relation of a displaced facial nerve (FN) and middle ear structures and to analyze clinical outcomes of CHARGE syndrome. Methods: Facial nerve displacement and associated deviation of inner ear structures were analyzed in 13 patients (17 ears) with CHARGE syndrome who underwent CI. Surgical accessibility through the facial recess was assessed based on anatomical landmarks. Postoperative speech performance and associated clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: The most consistently identified ear anomalies were semicircular canal aplasia (100%), ossicular anomaly (100%), and vestibular hypoplasia (88%). Facial nerve displacement was found in 77% of cases (anteroinferior: 47%, anterior: 24%, inferior: 6%). The width of available surgical space around facial recess was significantly greater in cases of facial recess approach (2.85 ± 0.9 mm) than those of alternative approach (0.12 ± 0.29 mm, P = .02). Postoperatively, 53% achieved better than category 4 on the categories of auditory perception (CAP) scale. The CAP category was significantly correlated with internal auditory canal diameter ( P = .025) and did not differ according to the applied surgical approach. Conclusion: Preoperative determination of surgical accessibility through facial recess would be useful for safe surgical approach, and successful hearing rehabilitation was achievable by applying appropriate surgical approaches.
Depression Screening in Diabetes Care to Improve Outcomes
Authors: Barnacle Mykell , Strand Mark A. , Werremeyer Amy , Maack Brody , Petry Natasha 
Published: August 2016

Purpose Evidence-based guidelines recommend regular depression screening among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study is to examine depression screening patterns among a primary care population with T2DM, through use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Methods In total, 1817 patients with T2DM were analyzed through a retrospective observational study at 2 sites, a regional health center and a federally qualified health center (FQHC). The T2DM sample was divided into those with and without a major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis. Depression screening rates and depression severity were assessed through the PHQ-9. Results Both sites had higher rates of PHQ-9 screening among individuals with a history of MDD (64.82%) vs those without MDD (11.39%). Individuals from the FQHC without a history of depression had a higher mean PHQ-9 score (10.11) than those with a previous MDD diagnosis at both RHS and FQHC (7.16 and 9.85, respectively). Conclusions Depression screening rates among individuals with diabetes and no history of MDD were remarkably low. Patients with diabetes but no MDD diagnosis who sought health care at a FQHC clinic had more depressive symptoms than those with a history of MDD at both sites. Individuals with diabetes and who have a MDD diagnosis are much more likely to receive regular depression screening than those without MDD, which leaves a substantial proportion of patients with undetected depression. Depression screening must be enhanced for all individuals with diabetes, particularly for low-income individuals and those without a previous diagnosis of MDD.
Indian Management Research
Authors: Sarkar Mitali 
Published: August 2016

This section features abstracts of articles covering empirical studies, experiences, ideas, and theories published in Indian and international journals. Sponsored by the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New DelhC this service is intended to facilitate Indian management research. Authors desirous of having their publications considered for inclusion in this feature may please send reprints of their articles to Vikalpa Editorial Office.
Ultrasonography of inferior vena cava to determine central venous pressure: a meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Alavi-Moghaddam Mostafa , Kabir Ali , Shojaee Majid , Manouchehrifar Mohammad , Moghimi Mehrdad 
Published: August 2016

Background Until now, no valid alternative exists for predicting central venous pressure (CVP) with lower invasiveness than central venous catheter. Purpose To explore inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) measurement accuracy by ultrasonography as a surrogate variable for determination of central venous pressure (CVP). Material and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar were conducted from inception to July 2013. We used the STROBE checklist for quality assessment and meta-regression. Results Thirty-seven papers with 2843 cases were identified. The correlation coefficients between each one of IVCD, inspiratory IVC (iIVC), IVC collapsibility index (IVCCI), and expiratory IVC (eIVC) with CVP, were 0.68, 0.60, 0.54, and 0.44, respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias ( P = 0.28). Based on meta-regression, male gender was an important source of heterogeneity (OR = 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1–1.03), which resulted in a higher correlation between IVCD and CVP. The present study showed a higher strength of association with CVP pertaining to IVCD, iIVC, IVCCI, and eIVC, respectively, and they were higher in men. Conclusion This study does not support the measurement of IVCD by ultrasonography as an acceptable surrogate variable to determine CVP among critical patients.
Frictions and Fictions of Community
Authors: Burkhardt Julia 
Published: August 2016

This article analyses structures and representations of power in late medieval Central Europe between 1350 and 1500. Using the examples of the medieval kingdoms of Poland, Bohemia, Hungary and Germany, the study describes and compares social structures and their political implementation, fora of political discourse, achievements in constitutional and theoretical writing as well as codification of laws and privileges. The focus on “community” as a key term in the political discourse allows shedding light on modes of distributing political powers, the reciprocity and interconnections of political players and the development of notions of political representation. Against this background, the article presents the formation of structures and representations of power in late medieval Central Europe as a highly dynamic process, revealing both fictions and frictions of community.
Development and initial validation of the Cat HEalth and Wellbeing (CHEW) Questionnaire: a generic health-related quality of life instrument for cats
Authors: Freeman Lisa M , Rodenberg Cindy , Narayanan A , Olding Jane , Gooding Margaret A , Koochaki Patricia E 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: The aims of the study were to define factors that owners consider relevant to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of cats, to develop an instrument based on this information, and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the final instrument (the Cat HEalth and Wellbeing [CHEW] Questionnaire). Methods: Psychometric research techniques and guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration on outcome measures were used to develop a valid and reliable instrument. Fifty-four cat owners and caregivers participated in the qualitative research, while 1303 cat owners were included in the quantitative validation phase (development dataset, n = 648; validation dataset, n = 655). A random subset of cat owners (n = 391) also participated in test–retest evaluation. Qualitative research was used to generate a draft instrument, which was then subjected to quantitative validation techniques. These included item reduction, domain identification, data quality assessment, and exploratory and confirmatory analysis to develop a final instrument, which underwent confirmatory reliability and validity assessment. Results: A draft instrument with 11 domains and 100 items based on qualitative research underwent online quantitative validation testing which refined the instrument to eight domains and 33 items. Confirmatory reliability and validity assessment showed that the final instrument had good validity, was able to discriminate between cats by age and overall health status, and demonstrated good internal and test–retest reliability. Conclusions and relevance: The CHEW Questionnaire was developed and validated. Additional research is needed to verify its ability to differentiate cats with and without disease, and to assess its potential as a screening tool.
The stress protein heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) inhibits the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel
Authors: Iftinca Mircea , Flynn Robyn , Basso Lilian , Melo Helvira , Aboushousha Reem , Taylor Lauren , Altier Christophe 
Published: August 2016

Background Specialized cellular defense mechanisms prevent damage from chemical, biological, and physical hazards. The heat shock proteins have been recognized as key chaperones that maintain cell survival against a variety of exogenous and endogenous stress signals including noxious temperature. However, the role of heat shock proteins in nociception remains poorly understood. We carried out an expression analysis of the constitutively expressed 70 kDa heat-shock cognate protein, a member of the stress-induced HSP70 family in lumbar dorsal root ganglia from a mouse model of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain. We used immunolabeling of dorsal root ganglion neurons, behavioral analysis and patch clamp electrophysiology in both dorsal root ganglion neurons and HEK cells transfected with Hsc70 and Transient Receptor Potential Channels to examine their functional interaction in heat shock stress condition. Results We report an increase in protein levels of Hsc70 in mouse dorsal root ganglia, 3 days post Complete Freund’s Adjuvant injection in the hind paw. Immunostaining of Hsc70 was observed in most of the dorsal root ganglion neurons, including the small size nociceptors immunoreactive to the TRPV1 channel. Standard whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 current after exposure to heat shock. We found that capsaicin-evoked currents are inhibited by heat shock in dorsal root ganglion neurons and transfected HEK cells expressing Hsc70 and TRPV1. Blocking Hsc70 with matrine or spergualin compounds prevented heat shock-induced inhibition of the channel. We also found that, in contrast to TRPV1, both the cold sensor channels TRPA1 and TRPM8 were unresponsive to heat shock stress. Finally, we show that inhibition of TRPV1 depends on the ATPase activity of Hsc70 and involves the rho-associated protein kinase. Conclusions Our work identified Hsc70 and its ATPase activity as a central cofactor of TRPV1 channel function and points to the role of this stress protein in pain associated with neurodegenerative and/or metabolic disorders, including aging.
Potency testing of mesenchymal stromal cell growth expanded in human platelet lysate from different human tissues
Authors: Fazzina R. , Iudicone P. , Fioravanti D. , Bonanno G. , Totta P. , Zizzari I. G. , Pierelli L. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been largely investigated, in the past decade, as potential therapeutic strategies for various acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSCs isolated from different sources, such as bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord tissue (UCT) and adipose tissue (AT), share many biological features, although they may show some differences on cumulative yield, proliferative ability and differentiation potential. The standardization of MSCs growth and their functional amplification is a mandatory objective of cell therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative yield and the ex vivo amplification potential of MSCs obtained from various sources and different subjects, using defined culture conditions with a standardized platelet lysate (PL) as growth stimulus.

Methods
MSCs isolated from BM, UCT and AT and expanded in human PL were compared in terms of cumulative yield and growth potential per gram of starting tissue. MSCs morphology, phenotype, differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory properties were also investigated to evaluate their biological characteristics.

Results
The use of standardized PL-based culture conditions resulted in a very low variability of MSC growth. Our data showed that AT has the greater capacity to generate MSC per gram of initial tissue, compared to BM and UCT. However, UCT-MSCs replicated faster than AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs, revealing a greater proliferation capacity of this source irrespective of its lower MSC yield. All MSCs exhibited the typical MSC phenotype and the ability to differentiate into all mesodermal lineages, while BM-MSCs showed the most prominent immunosuppressive effect in vitro.

Conclusions
The adoption of standardized culture conditions may help researchers and clinicians to reveal particular characteristics and inter-individual variability of MSCs sourced from different tissues. These data will be beneficial to set the standards for tissue collection and MSCs clinical-scale expansion both for cell banking and for cell-based therapy settings.
Extraction Behavior of U(VI) Using Novel Betainium-Type Ionic Liquids: More Hydrophobic Cations Enhance Extractability, Selectivity, and Recyclability
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Ikeda Yasuhisa , Takao Koichiro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Extraction behavior of U(VI) in biphasic systems consisting of an aqueous layer and an ionic liquid (IL) layer has been investigated. The ILs used are bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([Tf2N]−) salts of N,N,N-trimethyl-l-alaninium ([HAbet]+), N,N,N-trimethyl-l-valinium ([HVbet]+), N,N,N-trimethyl-l-leucinium ([HLbet]+), or N,N,N-trimethyl-l(+)-isoleucinium ([HIbet]+). The present ILs resulted in higher extractability of U(VI) compared with that of the N,N,N-trimethylglycinium ([HGbet]+) system studied by us previously. This improvement can be explained in terms of hydrophobicity of ILs, because hydrophobicity of the present ILs is higher than that of [HGbet][Tf2N] as demonstrated by logarithmic partitioning coefficients (log Pow) of the [Tf2N]− salts of [HGbet]+ (−0.54), [HAbet]+ (−0.15), [HVbet]+ (−0.09), [HLbet]+ (1.4) and [HIbet]+ (1.8). Uranium(VI) was also selectively extracted from aqueous solutions containing other metal ions such as Na(I), Ca(II), Al(III), Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II). In addition, extracted U(VI) species were easily separated as precipitates by adding 30 wt % H2O2. After removal of the U(VI) precipitate, ILs were also collected. The recovery yield of IL was enhanced with an increase in hydrophobicity of its cationic component. Therefore, highly hydrophobic betainium is preferable for both high U(VI) extractability and recyclability of ILs.
The Study and Application of Photoreceptive Membrane Protein, Rhodopsin
Authors: Inoue Keiichi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptive seven-transmembrane proteins diversely found in unicellular microorganisms. The chromophore of microbial rhodopsin is all-trans retinal. The retinal isomerizes to 13-cis form upon light-absorption and it triggers the expression of various biological functions by light. We studied the mechanism of various types of microbial rhodopsins (H+ pump, Cl− pump and sensors) by physicochemical spectroscopic methods. On the basis of these studies, we found the importance of the residues on the third helix (helix C) for the function of microbial rhodopsin, and it led to the discovery of a new functional class of microbial rhodopsin, light-driven outward Na+ pump. The mechanism of Na+ pump rhodopsin was studied by several spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. These studies provided new insights very informative for the development of novel functional artificial rhodopsins (K+ and Cs+ pumps). These new natural and artificial rhodopsins are expected to have high potential for applications such as optogenetics.
Estudos sobre Interpretação: Tendências Atuais da Pesquisa Brasileira
Authors: Cavallo Patrizia , Reuillard Patrícia Chittoni Ramos 
Published: August 2016

Resumo: Este artigo visa a investigar as tendências atuais da pesquisa brasileira na área dos Estudos sobre Interpretação, observando as teses e dissertações defendidas sobre o assunto, os artigos publicados nos principais periódicos brasileiros de tradução e interpretação e as comunicações e mesas-redondas de alguns simpósios e congressos realizados no Brasil, a partir de 2010. Apesar de ser uma área de estudos ainda escassamente presente nas universidades brasileiras, o interesse por parte de pesquisadores e profissionais encontra-se em franca ascensão, como será possível observar através das publicações e dos trabalhos realizados neste âmbito de estudos. O presente trabalho apresenta inicialmente a área dos Estudos sobre Interpretação, para depois focar em suas modalidades e tipologias e, a seguir, observar as tendências de pesquisa em Interpretação. O intuito é contribuir para as investigações conduzidas neste campo de estudos, mostrando os caminhos já trilhados e a importância de ulterior desenvolvimento dessa área acadêmico-profissional. Palavras-chave: Estudos sobre Interpretação. Tendências Atuais. Pesquisa Brasileira.
Sociolinguistics in a languagised world: Introduction
Authors: Jaspers Jürgen , Madsen Lian Malai 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe idea that there exist separate, enumerable languages has in the last decades been widely criticised, and it has led scholars to propose various new terms and concepts such as ‘polylingualism’, ‘metrolingualism’, and ‘translanguaging’, among others. As these terms are attracting considerable acclaim within the academy, this paper argues it is time to reflect on their occurrence, provenance and pertinence for future research and theorisation. We devote particular attention to the risk of confusion if newly proposed terms interchangeably serve descriptive, ontological, pedagogical and political purposes; to the continuing relevance of language separation outside as well as inside the academy; and to the purported transformative and critical potential of fluid language practices in education and beyond. We suggest a close consideration of each of these concerns is central to a sociolinguistics of rather than for particular linguistic practices.
Learning to live with “Languages”
Authors: Møller Janus Spindler 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this paper I describe how a group of speakers participating in a longitudinal study develop patterns of linguistic practices as well as norms for their use over time. The group at issue consists of speakers with a Turkish minority background living in Denmark. Data were collected from this group during their nine years of compulsory school and again in their mid-twenties. From a very early age this group of speakers acquires linguistic repertoires which involve features associated with several “languages”, of which the most influential are Turkish and Danish. I will show how they develop ways of employing large parts of those repertoires in their languaging practices and how at the same time they increasingly express an awareness of the fact that they are living in languagised world. I will do so by analysing instances where the participants explicitly refer to languages in peer group interactions, discuss observations concerning patterns of languaging in the same types of interactions, and consider the development of both phenomena.
Troubling translanguaging: language ideologies, superdiversity and interethnic conflict
Authors: Charalambous Panayiota , Charalambous Constadina , Zembylas Michalinos 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper looks at how histories of conflict and ideologies of language as a bounded entity mapped onto a homogeneous nation impact on attempts of translanguaging in the classroom in the conflict-affected context of Greek-Cypriot education. Drawing on ethnographic data from a highly diverse primary school, this study examines how nationalist understandings of language and belonging affect the ways in which a group of Turkish-speaking students of Pontian and Turkish-Bulgarian backgrounds relate to their Turkish-speakerness in classroom interaction. The findings show that, despite the multilingual and hybrid realities of this particular school, in formal educational practices Turkish-speaking students kept a low profile as to their Turkish-speakerness. Even when the teacher encouraged translanguaging practices and a public display of students’ competence in the Turkish language, this was met with inarticulateness and emotional troubles, fuelled by a fear that ‘speaking Turkish’ could be taken as ‘being Turkish’. In discussing these findings, the paper points to the impact that different overlapping histories of ethnonationalist conflict have on translanguaging practices in education; in our case by associating Turkishness with the ‘enemy group’ and socializing children within essentialist assumptions about language and national belonging. The paper argues that in this case the discourses of conflict createunfavourable ecologies for hybrid linguistic practices, which ultimately suppress creative polylingual performances.
Between ideologies and realities: Multilingual competence in a languagised world
Authors: Ruuska Katharina 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent developments in sociolinguistics and applied linguistics have put emphasis on the contrast between ideologies of distinct ‘languages’ and the multifaceted reality of linguistic practices. This article argues that recent usage-based reconceptualisations of the notions of competence and repertoire can help paint a more complex picture of the relationship between monolingual ‘ideologies’ and diverse linguistic ‘realities’. Drawing on data from interviews with highly proficient adult speakers of Finnish as a second language, I explore some aspects of how speakers’ competence can be understood as shaped by language use, and what role linguistic ideologies, social expectations and speakers’ environments play in this process. I conclude that, in a languagised world, the ability to keep ‘languages’ apart and to successfully display monolingual competence can be seen as part of multilingual speakers’ competence. In this way, a usage-based perspective on competence enables us to treat ‘languages’ as ideological constructs, while at the same time acknowledging their ‘real’ effects on speakers’ competence and language use.
Margins of Nationality. External ethnic citizenship and non-discrimination
Authors: Kovács Kriszta , Körtvélyesi Zsolt , Nagy Alíz 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
People are usually born into their political communities, and only a minority of them become member of the given community by naturalisation. Sovereign states enjoy a great margin of appreciation in defining the rules of both birthright and acquired political membership. Most states employ some form of cultural affinity-based criteria relating to ethnic identity that differentiate between applicants that seek to acquire the nationality of the state. Indeed, such distinctions seem to be growing with the revival of ethnic and nationalist aspirations that Europe has witnessed for some years. We argue that human rights principles, first and foremost non-discrimination guarantees, should be taken seriously and effectively applied to these cases of naturalisation, and show what such a scrutiny entails. While the arguments presented here should apply more generally, special attention will be paid to events that primarily triggered the authors’ interest, the case of Hungary.