bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security of quantum key distribution with multiphoton components
Authors: Yin Hua-Lei , Fu Yao , Mao Yingqiu , Chen Zeng-Bing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMost qubit-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols extract the secure key merely from single-photon component of the attenuated lasers. However, with the Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 2004 (SARG04) QKD protocol, the unconditionally secure key can be extracted from the two-photon component by modifying the classical post-processing procedure in the BB84 protocol. Employing the merits of SARG04 QKD protocol and six-state preparation, one can extract secure key from the components of single photon up to four photons. In this paper, we provide the exact relations between the secure key rate and the bit error rate in a six-state SARG04 protocol with single-photon, two-photon, three-photon and four-photon sources. By restricting the mutual information between the phase error and bit error, we obtain a higher secure bit error rate threshold of the multiphoton components than previous works. Besides, we compare the performances of the six-state SARG04 with other prepare-and-measure QKD protocols using decoy states.
Overexpression of Mycothiol Disulfide Reductase Enhances Corynebacterium glutamicum Robustness by Modulating Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Antioxidant Proteins under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Si Meiru , Zhao Chao , Zhang Bing , Wei Dawei , Chen Keqi , Yang Xu , Xiao He , Shen Xihui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMycothiol (MSH) is the dominant low-molecular-weight thiol (LMWT) unique to high-(G+C)-content Gram-positive Actinobacteria, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and is oxidised into its disulfide form mycothiol disulfide (MSSM) under oxidative conditions. Mycothiol disulfide reductase (Mtr), an NADPH-dependent enzyme, reduces MSSM to MSH, thus maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. In this study, a recombinant plasmid was constructed to overexpress Mtr in C. glutamicum using the expression vector pXMJ19-His6. Mtr-overexpressing C. glutamicum cells showed increased tolerance to ROS induced by oxidants, bactericidal antibiotics, alkylating agents and heavy metals. The physiological roles of Mtr in resistance to oxidative stresses were corroborated by decreased ROS levels, reduced carbonylation damage, decreased loss of reduced protein thiols and a massive increase in the levels of reversible protein thiols in Mtr-overexpressing cells exposed to stressful conditions. Moreover, overexpression of Mtr caused a marked increase in the ratio of reduced to oxidised mycothiol (MSH:MSSM) and significantly enhanced the activities of a variety of antioxidant enzymes, including mycothiol peroxidase (MPx), mycoredoxin 1 (Mrx1), thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA). Taken together, these results indicate that the Mtr protein functions in C. glutamicum by protecting cells against oxidative stress.
Importance of mosquito “quasispecies” in selecting an epidemic arthropod-borne virus
Authors: Vazeille Marie , Zouache Karima , Vega-Rúa Anubis , Thiberge Jean-Michel , Caro Valérie , Yébakima André , Mousson Laurence , Piorkowski Géraldine , Dauga Catherine , Vaney Marie-Christine , Manni Mosè , Gasperi Giuliano , de Lamballerie Xavier , Failloux Anna-Bella 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMost arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), perpetuated by alternation between a vertebrate host and an insect vector, are likely to emerge through minor genetic changes enabling the virus to adapt to new hosts. In the past decade, chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) has emerged on La Réunion Island following the selection of a unique substitution in the CHIKV E1 envelope glycoprotein (E1-A226V) of an East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotype conferring a higher transmission rate by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Assumed to have occurred independently on at least four separate occasions, this evolutionary convergence was suspected to be responsible for CHIKV worldwide expansion. However, assumptions on CHIKV emergence were mainly based on viral genetic changes and the role of the mosquito population quasispecies remained unexplored. Here we show that the nature of the vector population is pivotal in selecting the epidemic CHIKV. We demonstrate using microsatellites mosquito genotyping that Ae. albopictus populations are genetically differentiated, contributing to explain their differential ability to select the E1-226V mutation. Aedes albopictus, newly introduced in Congo coinciding with the first CHIKV outbreak, was not able to select the substitution E1-A226V nor to preferentially transmit a CHIKV clone harboring the E1-226V as did Ae. albopictus from La Réunion.
Mandarin Lexical Tone Acquisition in Cochlear Implant Users With Prelingual Deafness: A Review
Authors: Tan Johanna , Dowell Richard , Vogel Adam 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this review article is to synthesize evidence from the fields of developmental linguistics and cochlear implant technology relevant to the production and perception of Mandarin lexical tone in cochlear implant users with prelingual deafness. The aim of this review was to identify potential factors that determine outcomes for tonal-language speaking cochlear implant users and possible directions for further research.

Method

A computerized database search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was undertaken in June and July 2014. Search terms used were
lexical tone AND tonal language, speech development AND/OR speech production AND/OR speech perception AND cochlear implants,
and
pitch perception AND cochlear implants,
anywhere in the title or abstract.

Conclusion
Despite the demonstrated limitations of pitch perception in cochlear implant users, there is some evidence that typical production and perception of lexical tone is possible by cochlear implant users with prelingual deafness. Further studies are required to determine the factors that contribute to better outcomes to inform rehabilitation processes for cochlear implant users in tonal-language environments.
Dynamics and architecture of the NRBF2-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I of autophagy
Authors: Young Lindsey N. , Cho Kelvin , Lawrence Rosalie , Zoncu Roberto , Hurley James H. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Autophagy (self-eating) is an essential process for cellular self-renewal. It is initiated by the ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1) protein kinase complex and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I (PI3KC3-C1) lipid kinase complex, and understanding the structures of these large complexes is central to understanding how autophagy is initiated. Here we show that the protein nuclear receptor binding factor 2 (NRBF2) is the fifth subunit of the active form of PI3KC3-C1 and the NRBF2-containing complex is 10-fold more active. NRBF2 binds at the base of the V-shaped PI3KC3 architecture and changes protein motions, which may explain the change in enzyme activity. NRBF2 converts PI3KC3-C1 into a dimer, which changes how we think about the role of PI3KC3 in vesicle tethering.
Daily Increment Validation and Effects of Streamflow Variability and Water Temperature on Growth of Age-0 Flathead Chub
Authors: Haworth Matthew R. , Bestgen Kevin R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We studied age-0 Flathead Chub Platygobio gracilis through two reproductive seasons in Fountain Creek, Colorado, to better understand effects of hatching date, water temperature, and streamflow on daily growth rates. Analysis of laboratory-reared Flathead Chub of known age confirmed that daily growth increments were deposited in otoliths beginning at hatching and at a rate of one per day thereafter. That information enabled relatively accurate and unbiased estimation of age and daily growth rates of age-0 fish hatched from May to August in 2012 and 2013. Flathead Chub growth was substantially higher in 2012 than 2013, and in both years, daily growth rate was faster for individuals captured earlier in the year and in warmer water temperatures. Growth was faster during stable low-flow periods following short-term flow spikes caused by runoff from thunderstorms but was slower when flows fluctuated over longer periods. Insights into the reproductive ecology and early life history of Flathead Chub, a species imperiled in portions of its range, demonstrated implications of hydrologic alteration on growth of fishes of North American Great Plains streams and may inform strategies to assist in conservation of remaining populations.
Received August 24, 2015; accepted February 18, 2016 Published online July 7, 2016
The Influence of Stock Assessment Frequency on the Achievement of Fishery Management Objectives
Authors: Li Yang , Bence James R. , Brenden Travis O. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Because of resource limitations with respect to both funding and staff expertise, there is growing interest among fishery management agencies in moving from annual to less-frequent assessments of fish stocks. We conducted simulations based on Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes to evaluate (1) how statistical catch-at-age assessment frequency, the time lag between data collection and assessment, and approaches to setting target harvests in the years between assessments affected the achievement of management objectives; and (2) how the outcomes were influenced by the quality of assessment data, features of the populations, and characteristics of the fisheries exploiting the populations. We found that as assessments became less frequent, relative yields were reduced and the risk of stock depletion and interannual variation in yield increased. The effects of less-frequent assessments were ameliorated in populations with greater levels of productivity and when target mortality was lower. Conversely, the effects of assessment frequency were largely insensitive to changes in recruitment variation or the quality of assessment data. A 1-year lag between data collection and assessment when assessments were conducted annually primarily affected the risk of stock depletion and the interannual variation in yield. As recruitment variation increased, relative yield also became sensitive to the 1-year lag. Approaches to setting harvest targets in years between full assessments were less important than assessment frequency, and no single approach consistently outperformed other rules. Although populations with low productivity were the most sensitive to changes in assessment frequency and the lag between data collection and assessment, the management of those populations benefited to a greater extent from implementation of an appropriate target mortality rate than from more-frequent assessments or removal of the 1-year lag.
Received November 18, 2015; accepted March 9, 2016 Published online July 7, 2016
Simple Genetic Assay Distinguishes Lamprey Genera Entosphenus and Lampetra: Comparison with Existing Genetic and Morphological Identification Methods
Authors: Docker Margaret F. , Silver Gregory S. , Jolley Jeffrey C. , Spice Erin K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Several species of lamprey belonging to the genera Entosphenus and Lampetra, including the widely distributed Pacific Lamprey E. tridentatus and Western Brook Lamprey L. richardsoni, co-occur along the West Coast of North America. These genera can be difficult to distinguish morphologically during their first few years of larval life in freshwater, thus hampering research and conservation efforts. However, existing genetic identification methods are time consuming or expensive. Here, we describe a simpler genetic assay using the Pacific Lamprey microsatellite locus Etr-1; the assay was found to be 100% reliable in distinguishing Entosphenus from Lampetra, even in genetically divergent Lampetra populations. Using a sample of 244 larvae (18–136 mm TL) from the Columbia River basin, we tested the accuracy with which previously described differences in caudal fin pigmentation can distinguish these genera. Attempts at morphological identification were abandoned for 50-mm and smaller larvae because differences in caudal fin pigmentation were very difficult to discern. However, morphological identification was correct for 81.8% of 51–70-mm larvae and 100% of 71-mm and larger larvae, which roughly corresponds with the results of previous studies. In agreement with previous work using mitochondrial DNA, our assay also supported placement of the Kern Brook Lamprey L. hubbsi (formerly E. hubbsi) into the genus Lampetra.
Received November 23, 2015; accepted March 9, 2016 Published online July 7, 2016
Bioconversion of AHX to AOH by resting cells of Burkholderia contaminans CH-1
Authors: Choi Jae-Hoon , Kikuchi Ayaka , Pumkaeo Panyapon , Hirai Hirofumi , Tokuyama Shinji , Kawagishi Hirokazu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Fairy rings are zones of stimulated grass growth owing to the interaction between a fungus and a plant. We previously reported the discovery of two novel plant-growth regulating compounds related to forming fairy rings, 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX) and 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH). In this study, a bacterial strain CH-1 was isolated from an airborne-contaminated nutrient medium containing AHX. The strain converted AHX to AOH and identified as Burkholderia contaminans based on the gene sequence of its 16S rDNA. The quantitative production of AOH by resting cells of the strain was achieved. Among seven Burkholderia species, two bacteria and two yeasts tested, B. contaminans CH-1 showed the highest rate of conversion of AHX to AOH. By batch system, up to 10.6 mmol AHX was converted to AOH using the resting cells. The yield of this process reached at 91%.
Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: progress in screening and early diagnosis
Authors: Molberg Øyvind , Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the major determinant of morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In highly selected SSc patients, it was recently shown that stem cell therapy early in the disease course improved survival and reduced the extent of ILD, providing a rationale for early ILD detection strategies in this disease. Here, we review recent progress on ILD screening and early diagnosis in SSc.

Recent findings
Two studies showed that over 60% of unselected SSc cases with ILD by high-resolution computer tomography (HRCT) had normal range pulmonary function tests (PFTs); indicating poor performance of PFTs for ILD screening purposes. Serial, paired HRCT and PFT analyses indicated that screening by HRCT at baseline predicted risk for lung fibrosis development, progression rate of fibrosis and PFT decline. Analyses of circulating biomarkers, like CCL18, and nonradiating lung imaging modalities, like ultrasound and MRI, showed promise as tools for early ILD detection; but further work is needed.

Summary
Prospective cohort data indicated poor performance of PFT as a stand-alone method for ILD screening. Lung HRCT appeared promising, but radiation is an issue. Promising biomarker data indicate the possibility of new ILD screening algorithms in SSc.
Treatment of Periprosthetic Humerus Fractures With Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Kurowicki Jennifer , Momoh Enesi , Levy Jonathan C. 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
Periprosthetic humerus fractures are relatively uncommon occurrence that can be difficult to manage nonoperatively. Locking plate technology has enhanced the surgical management of these fractures. However, adequate fixation around the stem remains of some concern. We describe an osteosynthesis technique using a locking plate utilizing eccentrically placed screw holes to place “skive screws” in the proximal end of the plate to achieve fixation around the stem of the implant. A clinical series of 5 consecutive patients treated with this technique is presented with an average follow-up of 29 months (range, 12–48). Two additional patients had less than 1-year follow-up. All patients demonstrated fracture healing. Functional outcomes were limited with only 1 patient achieving forward elevation above 90 degree, and the average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Function score was 28. Pain relief was nearly uniform with an average visual analog scale pain score of 0.5.
Phase I Trial Using Induction Ciplatin, Docetaxel, 5-FU and Erlotinib Followed by Cisplatin, Bevacizumab and Erlotinib With Concurrent Radiotherapy for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ahn Peter H. , Machtay Mitchell , Anne Pramila R , Cognetti David , Keane William M. , Wuthrick Evan , Dicker Adam P. , Axelrod Rita S. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
Bevacizumab (avastin) and erlotinib (tarceva) had shown early clinical activity against head and neck cancer (HNC). We initiated a phase I trial of induction cisplatin, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil and erlotinib (TPF-E) followed by cisplatin, bevacizumab and erlotinib (PA-E) with radiotherapy (XRT) for advanced HNC. The goal was to determine maximum tolerated erlotinib dose.

Methods:
Eligible patients had stage IVA or higher HNC with good performance status, hematologic, and renal reserve. Two cycles of induction TPF-E were administered. XRT was administered with concurrent weekly cisplatin and bevacizumab every 2 weeks. Initial erlotinib dose was 50 mg daily from start of induction chemotherapy until radiotherapy completion. Erlotinib dose escalations to 100 and 150 mg were planned.

Results:
Thirteen patients with previously untreated locoregional disease (11 patients) or oligometastatic (2 patients) HNC were enrolled. Totally, 11 of 13 patients completed XRT as planned. Four of 8 patients in cohort 1 (erlotinib 50 mg), 3 of 4 patients in cohort 2 (100 mg), and 0 of 1 patients in cohort 3 (150 mg) completed the regimen. Two patients had significant gastrointestinal complications (bleeding and perforation), and 1 had dose-limiting diarrhea. Maximum tolerated dose was reached at 50 mg erlotinib. At median 23.4 months follow-up, 5 patients (38%) have no evidence of disease, and 2 (15%) have stable but measurable disease.

Conclusions:
Erlotinib in combination with induction TPF followed by erlotinib, cisplatin, and bevacizumab with XRT is active but toxic. Gastrointestinal toxicities partly caused high rates of study withdrawal. All doses studied in this protocol caused unexpected toxicities and we do not recommend advancement to phase II.
Relaxant Effects of the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, Bazedoxifene, and Estrogen Receptor Agonists in Isolated Rabbit Basilar Artery
Authors: Castelló-Ruiz María , Salom Juan B. , Fernández-Musoles Ricardo , Burguete María C. , López-Morales Mikahela A. , Arduini Alessandro , Jover-Mengual Teresa , Hervás David , Torregrosa Germán , Alborch Enrique 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
We have previously shown that the selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, improves the consequences of ischemic stroke. Now we aimed to characterize the effects and mechanisms of action of bazedoxifene in cerebral arteries. Male rabbit isolated basilar arteries were used for isometric tension recording and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bazedoxifene relaxed cerebral arteries, as 17-β-estradiol, 4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol [estrogen receptor (ER) α agonist], and G1 [G protein-coupled ER (GPER) agonist] did it (4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol > bazedoxifene = G1 > 17-β-estradiol). 2,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (ERβ agonist) had no effect. Expression profile of genes encoding for ERα (ESR1), ERβ (ESR2), and GPER was GPER > ESR1 > ESR2. As to the endothelial mechanisms, endothelium removal, N
G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and indomethacin, did not modify the relaxant responses to bazedoxifene. As to the K+ channels, both a high-K+ medium and the Kv blocker, 4-aminopyridine, inhibited the bazedoxifene-induced relaxations, whereas tetraethylammonium (nonselective K+ channel blocker), glibenclamide (selective KATP blocker) or iberiotoxin (selective KCa blocker) were without effect. Bazedoxifene also inhibited both Ca2+- and Bay K8644-elicited contractions. Therefore, bazedoxifene induces endothelium-independent relaxations of cerebral arteries through (1) activation of GPER and ERα receptors; (2) increase of K+ conductance through Kv channels; and (3) inhibition of Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels. Such a profile is compatible with the beneficial effects of estrogenic compounds (eg, SERMs) on vascular function and, specifically, that concerning the brain. Therefore, bazedoxifene could be useful in the treatment of cerebral disorders in which the cerebrovascular function is compromised (eg, stroke).
Tuberculous Valvular Endocarditis With Brain Abscesses
Authors: Arslan Ferhat , Ceylan Bahadir , Arslan Birsen Yigit , Omaygenç Mehmet Onur , Ertan Gülhan , Mert Ali 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Tuberculous endocarditis (TBE) is a rare clinical entity, usually encountered during the course of miliary tuberculosis. Brain abscess is a very rare complication of TBE. Here, we report a case of valvular TBE presenting with meningoencephalitis due to septic embolization. The literature on well-documented cases of valvular TBE was also reviewed. Early diagnosis, an appropriate treatment strategy, surgical intervention, and close follow-up may lead to favorable outcomes in TBE. Surgical intervention (valve replacement and repair) may be required in 70% of TBE cases.
Bacteraemic Cellulitis Caused by Pseudomonas putida—2 Cases
Authors: Wilson Paul Andrew , Varadharan Hemalatha 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative bacillus which is widely distributed in soil and water habitats. It is not a common human pathogen and infrequently causes bacteraemia, which is most often intravenous catheter-associated. There are only 2 reports of bacteremia occurring due to soft tissue infection caused by P. putida. We report 2 cases of P. putida cellulitis with bacteremia. Both occurred in immunosuppressed patients who sustained minor trauma with definite or likely exposure to water and soil.
Impaired conditioned pain modulation in youth with functional abdominal pain
Authors: Morris Matthew C. , Walker Lynn S. , Bruehl Stephen , Stone Amanda L. , Mielock Alyssa S. , Rao Uma 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is associated with enhanced pain responsiveness. Although impaired conditioned pain modulation (CPM) characterizes adults with a variety of chronic pain conditions, relatively little is known about CPM in youth with FAP. This study assessed CPM to evoked thermal pain in 140 youth (ages 10-17), 63 of whom had FAP and 77 of whom were healthy controls. Multilevel models demonstrated weaker CPM effects in youth with FAP than in healthy youth, as evident in slower within-person decreases in pain ratings during the conditioning phase. Weaker CPM effects were associated with greater somatic symptom severity and functional disability. Pain responses in youth with FAP were heterogeneous, with 43% of youth showing an unexpected increase in pain ratings during the conditioning phase, suggesting sensitization rather than CPM-related pain inhibition. These findings highlight directions for future research on the emergence and maintenance of FAP in youth.