bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of stream‐based live data migration strategy in the cloud
Authors: Ma Kun , Yang Bo , Yu Ziqiang 
Published: August 2017

SummaryLive data migration in the cloud is responsible to migrate blocks of data from one emigration node to several immigration nodes. However, live data migration strategy is a NP‐hard problem like task scheduling. Recently, in‐stream processing is a new technique to process large‐scale data nearly instantaneously. This framework works fast that all decisions are made without a continuous stream of events. In this paper, we explore a real‐time live data migration strategy with stream processing paradigm. First, the nonlinear migration cost model and balance model are introduced as the metrics to evaluate the data migration strategy. Subsequently, a live data migration strategy with particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. Two improvement measures called loop context and particle grouping are proposed. As an improvement of stream processing framework, nested loop context structure is a feedback to support iterative optimization algorithm. As an improvement of PSO, grouping particles before in‐stream processing are to speed up the convergence rate of PSO. Afterwards, we rebuild stream processing framework to implement these methods. The experimental results show the best performance of our method.
Modeling online user product interest for recommender systems and ergonomics studies
Authors: Sulikowski Piotr , Zdziebko Tomasz , Turzyński Dominik 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper presents use of a tool built to monitor human‐website interaction without the need for eye tracking. Behavior indicators calculated from data collected by the tool can be used for many purposes such as web ergonomics enhancement, content adaptation, and, in particular, recommender systems. A random‐forests‐based modeling approach is shown as a generalization for earlier decision‐tree classification approach. Results of a usability survey conducted within the study are presented.
pH‐Driven Wetting Switchability of Electrodeposited Superhydrophobic Copolymers of Pyrene Bearing Acid Functions and Fluorinated Chains
Authors: Ramos Chagas Gabriela , Kiryanenko Denis , Godeau Guilhem , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA smart stimuli‐responsive surface was fabricated by the electro‐copolymerization of pyrene monomers followed by base and acid treatment. Copolymers of pyrenes bearing fluorinated chains (Py‐nF6) and acid functions (Py‐COOH) were produced with different molar concentrations of each monomer (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % of Py‐nF6 vs. Py‐COOH) by an electrochemical process. Two different perfluorinated pyrenes containing ester and amide groups were used to reach superhydrophobic properties. The relation of those bonds with the final properties of the surface was explored. The pH‐sensitive group of Py‐COOH allowed the surfaces to be reversibly switched from superhydrophobic (water contact angle>θw>150° and very low hysteresis) to hydrophilic (θw<90°). The amide and ester bonds influenced the recovery of the original wettability after both base and acid treatment. Although the fluorinated homopolymer with ester bonds was insensitive to base and acid treatment due to its superhydrophobic properties with ultralow water adhesion, the recovery of the original wettability for the copolymers was much more important with amide bonds due to the amide functional groups be more resistant to the hydrolysis reaction. This strategy offered the opportunity to access superhydrophobic films with switchable wettability by simple pH treatment. The films proved to be a good tool for use in biological applications, for example, as a bacterial‐resistant film if superhydrophobic and as a bacterial‐adherent film if hydrophilic.
Energy harvesting and computing enabled data broadcasting in mobile social networks
Authors: Wang Xiang , Leng Supeng , Ou Shumao , Zhao Quanxin , Qiao Guanhua 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWith the wide use of mobile phones, data broadcasting in mobile social networks benefits from the cooperative relaying among users. The performance of data broadcasting is often affected by 2 tough challenges, ie, inefficient data broadcasting caused by limited communication ranges of devices and intermittent network connectivity, and uncooperative data delivery as the energy cost for data broadcasting and algorithm computing. This paper explores the collaboration of communication, computing, and energy to improve the performance of data broadcasting and cope with the energy cost for communication and computation. We propose a data broadcasting scheme with the cooperation of communication and computing, which contains the relay selection and data dissemination algorithms. In the relay selection algorithm, social knowledge is exploited to measure user's capacity of data broadcasting, and the relay selection is formulated as a maximum weighted independent set problem. The data dissemination is integrated with algorithm computing by using edge computing among the relay nodes. Moreover, an energy allocation scheme under limited energy constrains is proposed to balance the energy consumed by data broadcasting and algorithm computing. With the aid of base station, we integrate radio frequency–based energy harvesting and beamforming technologies into mobile social networks. A Markov decision process–based energy transmission scheme is designed to supplement devices' energy capacity. Finally, simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes effectively improve the performance of data broadcasting and provide energy supplement for communication and computation.
Joint routing and mobile VM selection algorithm in multihop C‐RAN networks
Authors: Liu Peng , Xu Gaochao , Yang Kun , Ge Jiaqi , Kuang Zhejun 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBy combining the cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) and mobile cloud computing, the communication and computation cooperation is convenient to implement, and the mobile operators are able to provide better service for mobile users as well as decrease their construction funds. However, owing to the deficient bandwidths and far distances, some mobile devices are not able to access mobile cloud through C‐RAN directly. In this paper, we propose a multihop C‐RAN network to access mobile cloud that organizes the user equipment (UE) in the C‐RAN into self‐organized network, regarding UEs as relay routers to access the mobile cloud. Under the proposed architecture, the UEs far from remote radio heads are able to access C‐RAN by ad hoc network while the UEs near the remote radio heads will access C‐RAN directly. Besides, considering the benefit of both operators and mobile users, we propose a joint routing and mobile virtual machine (VM) selection algorithm based on the proposed multihop C‐RAN networks where the route is selected for task data transmission, and the VM in the mobile cloud is selected for task execution, which minimizes the total energy cost under the premise of satisfying the task response time required by user. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional separate routing and VM selection on energy saving.
Decrease of ethyl glucuronide concentrations in hair after exposure to chlorinated swimming pool water
Authors: Luginbühl Marc , Nussbaumer Susanne , Weinmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe direct alcohol marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is widely used for the assessment of alcohol consumption behavior and abstinence monitoring by hair analysis. We investigated the influence of chlorinated swimming pool water on EtG concentrations in hair in comparison to deionized water (Milli‐Q) containing no chlorine. EtG concentrations were measured with a validated online solid‐phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS/MS) method. EtG positive hair samples were obtained from 3 regular drinkers and incubated for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours at room temperature. EtG concentrations in hair were reduced after 2 hours of incubation in chlorinated water by 20 ± 12% (range: 4–33%), in deionized water by 24 ± 5% (range: 18–29%). Incubation for 10 hours resulted in a decrease in EtG concentrations of 57 ± 6% (range: 52–65%) for chlorinated water and 47 ± 11% (range: 32–60%) for deionized water. To demonstrate washout in forensic hair samples, 20 samples from subjects with known alcohol consumption behavior were investigated additionally. The samples were divided into 2 strands and analyzed with incubation in chlorinated water for 10 hours and for comparison without any incubation. A mean decrease of 53 ± 18% (range: 26–88%) was observed. These results clearly demonstrate that washout effects are caused by water and have a significant impact on EtG concentrations in hair. For people with hair that are regularly exposed to water for a longer period (eg. swimmers), washout effects may lead to a significant decrease of EtG concentrations in hair. Concentrations may fall below threshold concentrations used for the interpretation of consumption habits (7 pg/mg for social consumption, 30 pg/mg for excessive consumption).
feedr and animalnexus.ca: A paired R package and user‐friendly Web application for transforming and visualizing animal movement data from static stations
Authors: LaZerte Stefanie E. , Reudink Matthew W. , Otter Ken A. , Kusack Jackson , Bailey Jacob M. , Woolverton Austin , Paetkau Mark , de Jong Adriaan , Hill David J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRadio frequency identification (RFID) provides a simple and inexpensive approach for examining the movements of tagged animals, which can provide information on species behavior and ecology, such as habitat/resource use and social interactions. In addition, tracking animal movements is appealing to naturalists, citizen scientists, and the general public and thus represents a tool for public engagement in science and science education. Although a useful tool, the large amount of data collected usingRFIDmay quickly become overwhelming. Here, we present an R package (feedr) we have developed for loading, transforming, and visualizing time‐stamped, georeferenced data, such asRFIDdata collected from static logger stations. Using our package, data can be transformed from rawRFIDdata to visits, presence (regular detections by a logger over time), movements between loggers, displacements, and activity patterns. In addition, we provide several conversion functions to allow users to format data for use in functions from other complementary R packages. Data can also be visualized through static or interactive maps or as animations over time. To increase accessibility, data can be transformed and visualized either through R directly, or through the companion site:http://animalnexus.ca, an online, user‐friendly, R‐based Shiny Web application. This system can be used by professional and citizen scientists alike to view and study animal movements. We have designed this package to be flexible and to be able to handle data collected from other stationary sources (e.g., hair traps, static very high frequency (VHF) telemetry loggers, observations of marked individuals in colonies or staging sites), and we hope this framework will become a meeting point for science, education, and community awareness of the movements of animals. We aim to inspire citizen engagement while simultaneously enabling robust scientific analysis.
Natives and non‐natives plants show different responses to elevation and disturbance on the tropical high Andes of Ecuador
Authors: Sandoya Verónica , Pauchard Aníbal , Cavieres Lohengrin A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim was to assess patterns of plant diversity in response to elevation and disturbance in a tropical mountain. The study area was located in north‐central portion of the Eastern Cordillera of the Ecuadorian Andes, on a road from 1,150 m a.s.l. (Osayacu) to 4,000 (Papallacta). Along a mountain road spanning a wide altitudinal gradient, at 20 elevations we sampled three plots: one at the roadside and two perpendicular to the roadside. The relationship between elevation and species richness was assessed using linear and quadratic regressions, the effect of disturbance on species richness was determined byANCOVAand attest with parameters obtained from quadratic equations. Similarity of species composition among the roadside and sites distant was evaluated with the Chao‐Jaccard and classic Jaccard similarity indices, the distribution of non‐native species according to their origin were analyzed with linear and quadratic regression. The native species showed a linearly monotonic decrease with elevation, whereas non‐natives showed a quadratic distribution. Disturbed areas had the greatest number of non‐native species and lower native species richness, showing also a high floristic similarity; less disturbed areas showed the opposite. The non‐native species of temperate origin were more numerous and showed unimodal elevational distribution, while species of tropical origin were few and decreased linearly with elevation. We conclude that in a tropical highland mountain range, native and non‐native plant species respond differently to elevation: native species exhibit a monotonically linear decrease, and non‐native species show a unimodal trend. Disturbance positively affects non‐native species showing higher richness and fewer species turnover. In addition, the non‐native species are located along of the elevational gradient in relation to their biogeographic origin.
Among‐tree variability and feedback effects result in different growth responses to climate change at the upper treeline in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Jochner Matthias , Bugmann Harald , Nötzli Magdalena , Bigler Christof 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUpper treeline ecotones are important life form boundaries and particularly sensitive to a warming climate. Changes in growth conditions at these ecotones have wide‐ranging implications for the provision of ecosystem services in densely populated mountain regions like the European Alps. We quantify climate effects on short‐ and long‐term tree growth responses, focusing on among‐tree variability and potential feedback effects. Although among‐tree variability is thought to be substantial, it has not been considered systematically yet in studies on growth–climate relationships. We compiled tree‐ring data including almost 600 trees of major treeline species (Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus cembra, and Pinus mugo) from three climate regions of the Swiss Alps. We further acquired tree size distribution data using unmanned aerial vehicles. To account for among‐tree variability, we employed information‐theoretic model selections based on linear mixed‐effects models (LMMs) with flexible choice of monthly temperature effects on growth. We isolated long‐term trends in ring‐width indices (RWI) in interaction with elevation. The LMMs revealed substantial amounts of previously unquantified among‐tree variability, indicating different strategies of single trees regarding when and to what extent to invest assimilates into growth. Furthermore, the LMMs indicated strongly positive temperature effects on growth during short summer periods across all species, and significant contributions of fall (L. decidua) and current year's spring (L. decidua, P. abies). In the longer term, all species showed consistently positive RWI trends at highest elevations, but different patterns with decreasing elevation. L. decidua exhibited even negative RWI trends compared to the highest treeline sites, whereas P. abies, P. cembra, and P. mugo showed steeper or flatter trends with decreasing elevation. This does not only reflect effects of ameliorated climate conditions on tree growth over time, but also reveals first signs of long‐suspected negative and positive feedback of climate change on stand dynamics at treeline.
Relationships between aboveground biomass and plant cover at two spatial scales and their determinants in northern Tibetan grasslands
Authors: Jiang Yanbin , Zhang Yangjian , Wu Yupeng , Hu Ronggui , Zhu Juntao , Tao Jian , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe relationships between cover and AGB for the dominant and widely distributed alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau is still not fully examined. The objectives of this study are to answer the following question: (1) How does aboveground biomass (AGB) of alpine grassland relate to plant cover at different spatial scales? (2) What are the major biotic and abiotic factors influencing on AGB–cover relationship? A community survey (species, cover, height, and abundance) was conducted within 1 m × 1 m plots in 70 sites along a precipitation gradient of 50–600 m. Ordinary linear regression was employed to examine AGB–cover relationships of both community and species levels at regional scale of entire grassland and landscape scale of alpine meadow, alpine steppe, and desert steppe. Hierarchical partitioning was employed to estimate independent contributions of biotic and abiotic factors to AGB and cover at both scales. Partial correlation analyses were used to discriminate the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on AGB–cover relationships at two spatial scales. AGB and community cover both exponentially increased along the precipitation gradient. At community level, AGB was positively and linearly correlated with cover for all grasslands except for alpine meadow. AGB was also linearly correlated with cover of species level at both regional and landscape scales. Contributions of biotic and abiotic factors to the relationship between AGB and cover significantly depended on spatial scales. Cover of cushions, forbs, legumes and sedges, species richness, MAP, and soil bulk density were important factors that influenced the AGB–cover relationship at either regional or landscape scale. This study indicated generally positive and linear relationships between AGB and cover are at both regional and landscape scales. Spatial scale may affect ranges of cover and modify the contribution of cover to AGB. AGB–cover relationships were influenced mainly by species composition of different functional groups. Therefore, in deriving AGB patterns at different spatial scales, community composition should be considered to obtain acceptable accuracy.
Polyphagy and diversification in tussock moths: Support for the oscillation hypothesis from extreme generalists
Authors: Wang Houshuai , Holloway Jeremy D. , Janz Niklas , Braga Mariana P. , Wahlberg Niklas , Wang Min , Nylin Sören 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTheory on plasticity driving speciation, as applied to insect–plant interactions (the oscillation hypothesis), predicts more species in clades with higher diversity of host use, all else being equal. Previous support comes mainly from specialized herbivores such as butterflies, and plasticity theory suggests that there may be an upper host range limit where host diversity no longer promotes diversification. The tussock moths (Erebidae: Lymantriinae) are known for extreme levels of polyphagy. We demonstrate that this system is also very different from butterflies in terms of phylogenetic signal for polyphagy and for use of specific host orders. Yet we found support for the generality of the oscillation hypothesis, in that clades with higher diversity of host use were found to contain more species. These clades also consistently contained the most polyphagous single species. Comparing host use in Lymantriinae with related taxa shows that the taxon indeed stands out in terms of the frequency of polyphagous species. Comparative evidence suggests that this is most probably due to its nonfeeding adults, with polyphagy being part of a resulting life history syndrome. Our results indicate that even high levels of plasticity can drive diversification, at least when the levels oscillate over time.
The evil eye: Eye gaze and competitiveness in social decision making
Authors: Giacomantonio Mauro , Jordan Jennifer , Federico Francesca , van den Assem Martijn J. , van Dolder Dennie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate that a person's eye gaze and his/her competitiveness are closely intertwined in social decision making. In an exploratory examination of this relationship, Study 1 uses field data from a high‐stakes TV game show to demonstrate that the frequency by which contestants gaze at their opponent's eyes predicts their defection in a variant on the prisoner's dilemma. Studies 2 and 3 use experiments to examine the underlying causality and demonstrate that the relationship between gazing and competitive behavior is bi‐directional. In Study 2, fixation on the eyes, compared to the face, increases competitive behavior toward the target in an ultimatum game. In Study 3, we manipulate the framing of a negotiation (cooperative vs. competitive) and use an eye tracker to measure fixation number and time spent fixating on the counterpart's eyes. We find that a competitive negotiation elicits more gazing, which in turn leads to more competitive behavior.
Effect of Heating Rate on Yields and Distribution of Oil Products from the Pyrolysis of Pubescen
Authors: Li Qiuxing , Fu Xing , Li Jindong , Wang Yue , Lv Xiaoyan , Hu Changwei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe effect of heating rate on both the yields and the distribution of the oil products obtained from the pyrolysis of pubescen was studied. The molecular weight of the liquid products was mainly distributed in the range 200–500 Da [about 77 % from gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC)]. At 15 °C min−1, the total yield of small‐molecular products from degradation of carbohydrate was 9.53 wt % and the total yield of identified monophenols reached a maximum of 3.57 wt %. Thus, the liquid products were predominantly present as oligomers. Lignin in pubescen was degraded to stable tetramers. The formation of monophenols and/or oligophenols mostly involved the cleavage of the C−C (Cα−Cβ, Cβ−Cϒ, C1−Cα) and C−O bonds (β−O−4, β−O−5, Cα−O, Cϒ−O, and 4‐aryl ether linkages). Carbohydrate‐derived species interacted with each other and then produced oligomers, the formation pathways of which are explained. A decrease of relative content of the species with molecular weight Mn=200–500 Da and an increase of relative content of the species with Mn=500–1000 Da were observed as the heating rate was increased from 2.5 to 15 °C min−1. With further increasing the heating rate from 15 to 25 °C min−1, the molecular‐weight distribution remained almost unchanged. Increase of the heating rate promoted the cleavage of C1−Cα bonds, Cβ−Cϒ bonds in lignin, and the dehydration of Cα−OH units of lignin into Cα=Cβ.