bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Jew that Shakespeare Drew
Authors: Usher Brett 
Published: March 2016

How far is it legitimate for a director to correct Shakespeare’s antisemitism in The Merchant of Venice?SO, begging a question or two, wrote the theatre critic Benedict Nightingale in a review of a recent London production of the play in which the Christians were portrayed as rabid Nazis. Almost fifty years after the Holocaust, it appears, it is still difficult for directors and critics alike to approach The Merchant without a feeling of unease. Current wisdom—or lingering guilt—insists that the play is, in a real and unacceptable sense, racist.
Women, Death, and the Law during the Christian Persecutions
Authors: Jones Chris 
Published: March 2016

Blessed, too, are the women who are there with you as partners in your glorious confession … by displaying valour above their sex, by their steadfastness they have set an example to the rest of womankind as well (Cyprian, Letter 6.iii.1).Indeed there are virgins to be found in this company: to their yield of sixtyfold the reward of a hundredfold has now been added, and they have gone forward to receive their crowns thanks to this twofold glory of theirs (Cyprian, Letter 76.vi.1).
Oblation or Obligation? A Canonical Ambiguity
Authors: Doran John 
Published: March 2016

The practice of oblation, the giving of children to a religious community to be brought up and educated, is as old as monasticism itself. Oblation was a means by which parents were able to dispose of unwanted offspring and be fairly confident that they would be cared for by others. However, there were never any clear guidelines laid down by the Church with respect to oblation, and the confusion over the status of an oblate was never to be satisfactorily settled. Even the great effort put into removing ambiguities in canon law in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries failed to clarify the technicalities of oblation. This was because there was no agreement on the nature of oblation from the start.The practice of the Eastern Church with respect to oblation is best summed up by St Basil the Great, in his Regulae Fusius Tractatae. He took oblation for granted, noting that a child was easily moulded to the religious life, and stipulated no minimum age at which a child should be received, but he did insist that those under the care of their parents were to be received before witnesses. More importantly, Basil was anxious that a child oblate should be questioned strictly when he reached the age of sixteen or seventeen as to whether he wished to be professed. He then had to demonstrate perseverance in the religious life and was only to be professed after much pleading. This final profession was irrevocable. Clearly the tradition of the Church was in favour of the oblation of children, but the giving of a child was not considered a definitive act. Certainly with St Basil we can see that the abbot of a community was to have the final say as to whether or not a child oblate should be professed when he came of age. This was very much in the spirit of early monasticism. The abbot was not to be forced to retain unsuitable monks in his monastery.
Gender Difference and Indifference in the Writings of Pope Innocent III
Authors: Rousseau Constance M. 
Published: March 2016

Both R. Howard Bloch and Jean Leclercq have recently included the name of Pope Innocent HI (1198-1216) among the ranks of medieval misogynistic writers. Such an anti-feminist designation results from his treatise De miseria humanae conditionis (1195), which he authored whilst a cardinal deacon, as Lothario de Segni. However, the passages cited by Bloch and Leclercq only appear misogynistic when we consider them superficially. If we look at the entire corpus of Innocent’s writings and his actions, in their proper contexts, we discover that this Pope can not be so easily categorized. Rather, our analysis will show that there is much more diversity in his perspective on gender than originally thought.The De miseria should be seen in its unique context when evaluating its attitude towards women. Books I and HI of the treatise belonged to the contemptus mundi tradition which emphasised the vileness and misery of human existence. Moreover, John C. Moore has recently proposed that Book II is a speculum curialis which reflected the questionable moral practices Innocent observed during his career in the Roman Curia.
‘The catechumenate for adults is to be restored’: Patristic Adaptation in the Rite for the Christian Initiation of Adults
Authors: Yarnold Edward 
Published: March 2016

At the end of the third session of the Second Vatican Council in 1963, the bishops were able to make a beginning to their legislative work by promulgating two documents which they fondly hoped would be uncontroversial: the unremarkable Decree on Mass Media, and the much more consequential Constitution on the Liturgy. Among the principles for the revision of the Roman Catholic Church’s sacraments contained in the second of these documents, instructions are given for the revision of the rites of initiation, including the following:
The catechumenate for adults is to be restored [instauretur] and broken up into several steps [gradibus], and put into practice at the discretion of the local ordinary. In this way the time of the catechumenate, which is intended for appropriate formation, can be sanctified through liturgical rites to be celebrated successively at different times. In mission territories, in addition to what is available in the Christian tradition, it should also be permitted to incorporate ceremonies [elementa] of initiation which are found to be customary in each society, provided they can be adapted to the Christian rite.
The Church and a Revaluation of Work in the Ninth Century?
Authors: Nelson Janet L. 
Published: March 2016

My title poses what may seem an unpromising question. Even to consider the possibility of such fundamental change in ecclesiastical perceptions in the very midst of the Dark Ages may seem anachronistic. After all, were not Christian attitudes to work already well and truly fixed? There is, for instance, the story of Adam and Eve from Genesis 3.16-19, as displayed in words and pictures in the mid-ninth-century Moutier-Grandval Bible:Unto the woman [the Lord] said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children…. And to Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife …. cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life In the sweat of thy face thou shalt eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken.
‘That in Her the Seed of the Serpent May Have no Part’: the Agredan Visions and the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin in Early Modern Spain and Germany
Authors: Johnson Trevor 
Published: March 2016

In the winter of 1755, Giacomo Casanova, doing time in the Venetian jail known as the ‘Leads’, spent a disturbing week absorbed in the only reading matter available, a volume which he judged a work of’heated imagination’ and of’chimerical and monstruous visions dressed up as revelations’. It was enough to induce repeated nightmares. ‘On sleeping’, he recorded,
I perceived the sickness that this book had communicated to my spirit, weakened by melancholy and undernourishment. My extravagant dreams made me laugh when I recalled them on waking; I had an urge to write them down, and had I had the means to do so I would perhaps have produced up there an even madder book than the one I had been given.
John Hales and the Synod of Dort
Authors: Peters Robert 
Published: March 2016

On 24 April 1619 the Synod of Dort sat for the 154th, and last, time. Ostensibly summoned to resolve differences between Dutch Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants within a context of Calvinist theology, in reality it pronounced predetermined decrees on unconditional election, a limited atonement, man’s total depravity, the irresistibility of grace, and the perseverance of the elect.The Synod was national (sometimes, decidedly ‘local’) in nature; yet, because other states—Great Britain, France, Hesse, and the Palatinate among them—sent delegates, it assumed in the eyes of such men as James I and Du Plessis-Mornay an importance equal to that of Trent.
The First Vatican Council
Authors: Hales E. E. Y. 
Published: March 2016

Centenaries are supposed to be occasions when we take stock of the event we are commemorating. In the light of developments in the last hundred years how does the work of the First Vatican Council look today? And since it so happens that the hundred years in question includes the Second Vatican Council, recently concluded, it is natural to put the question in this form: how does the work of Vatican I look today, in the light of Vatican II?I think it would be fair to say that it is widely considered that the work of Vatican I was a little unfortunate, and has since proved embarrassing, because its definitions enhanced the authority of the papacy. Vatican II is supposed to have helped to redress that balance by disclosing the nature of the Church as a whole, from the bishops down to the People of God, or perhaps I should say from the bishops up to the People of God, in view of our preference nowadays for turning everything upside down. Such critics of Vatican I are not, of course, denying either the dogmatic infallibility or the juridical primacy of the Pope, which were defined at that Council; but they are saying that it is a distortion to stress the powers of the papacy and to neglect the powers of the college of bishops or the rights of the rest of the Church, and they are saying that the one-sided definitions of Vatican I tended to create such distortion in men’s minds until they were balanced by the pronouncements of Vatican II.
Dementia-specific quality of life instruments: a conceptual analysis
Authors: Missotten P. , Dupuis G. , Adam S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Over the past 20 years, many researchers have worked in developing various methods for measuring quality of life (QoL) of people with dementia. The aim of this review is to develop the conceptual frameworks of the dementia-specific QoL instruments, to identify their evolution over time and to provide elements of reflection on the QoL concept in dementia and its evaluation.Methods:An electronic search was conducted on PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases, from January 1985 to June 2015 using a combination of key words that include QoL, dementia, and review.Results:The analysis of the conceptual frameworks of the 18 selected dementia-specific QoL tools shows a great diversity in: (1) the QoL definitions (e.g. health-related QoL definitions, QoL definitions based on Lawton's work, or similar to this latter); (2) the theoretical QoL models (e.g. Lawton’ work and modified Lawton, adaptation, personhood); (3) the domains and dimensions; (4) the way to construct the instrument (e.g. development based on literature, opinion of the experts), and (5) the items’ formulation (e.g. use of criterion of intensity or frequency).Conclusions:There are different conceptual frameworks in the dementia-specific QoL measures with improvements over time (e.g. inclusion of interesting concepts such as adaptation, taking into account the views of patients themselves). Each of the conceptual parameters (definitions, models, domains, and dimensions) is discussed to identify the scales that are conceptually the strongest. Through their review, recommendations for future instrument refinement and development are discussed and a new QoL definition is proposed.
First record of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Uganda
Authors: Tumuhaise Venansio , Khamis Fathiya M. , Agona Ambrose , Sseruwu Godfrey , Mohamed Samira A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn invasive pest,Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) has been observed infesting tomatoSolanum lycopersicumL. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Central Uganda. The affected farmer made the report, and upon visiting the farm, we observed tiny larvae, green to cream in colour with a black head feeding on tomato leaves, fruit, as well as tender stems. Also, we saw several tiny moths resting on screen house linings. Delta traps baited with TUA-Optima®(Russell IPM) were set in and around the affected farm. Dozens of moths were attracted and trapped on the sticky surface of the traps. The team tentatively identified the insect asT. absoluta. Scientists at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) in Nairobi, Kenya identified the insect using morphological features and molecular techniques.
Construction and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Latex Barrier Use
Authors: Morell-Mengual Vicente , Gil-Llario María Dolores , Castro-Calvo Jesús 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSome studies have concluded there is a relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behaviors that prevent HIV transmission. This paper presents the construction and validation of the latex barrier use self-efficacy scale (LBSS), which 480 participants filled out. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two components: positive expectations of self-efficacy (ES-POS) and negative expectations of self-efficacy (ES-NEG), which together accounted for 65.59% of total variance. That structure was later verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was .80 for the total scale, and .78 for each of the two factors. Moreover, the instrument had adequate convergent validity and was positively related with condom use self-efficacy, attitudes toward condom and latex barrier use, and ability to refuse sex if the partner refuses to use preventive methods. In conclusion, this instrument is a useful measure of self-efficacy in latex barrier use.
Understanding the Role of Self-Judgment in the Association between Body Dissatisfaction and Quality of Life on Normal-Weight and Overweight Portuguese Women
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia , Fortunato Patrícia , Marta-Simões Joana , Trindade Inês A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLiterature has demonstrated the negative impact of body image dissatisfaction on women’s quality of life. Nonetheless, it has been suggested that the relationship between body dissatisfaction and women’s well-being is not linear, and that the processes that mediate this association remain unclear. This study aims to clarify the mediator role of self-judgment in the association between negative body image and psychological quality of life, in two groups: normal-weight and overweight women. This cross-sectional study comprised 200 normal-weight and 92 overweight female college students, aged between 18 and 24 years old, that completed self-report instruments of body dissatisfaction, self-judgment, and quality of life. Results showed that women who presented harsher self-judgment about their perceived failures tended to present lower levels in all quality of life domains. Also, results from mediation analyses indicated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and psychological quality of life was significantly mediated by the mechanisms of self-judgment in the two BMI groups (95% CI [–2.41 to –0.04]; 95% CI [–6.35 to –.89]). This mediational model accounted for 28.3% and 40.7% of psychological quality of life in the normal-weight and overweight groups, respectively. These results suggest that a lower ability to deal with one’s failures or inadequacies (e.g., negative evaluation of body image) in a kind and accepting manner may significantly increase the negative impact of body dissatisfaction on one’s psychological quality of life. In this way, it seems that, the focus of interventions should go beyond body dissatisfaction and also target the development of adaptive attitudes (opposed to self-critical attitudes) to deal with negative body-related experiences.
Taiman acts as a coactivator of Yorkie in the Hippo pathway to promote tissue growth and intestinal regeneration
Authors: Wang Chao , Yin Meng-Xin , Wu Wei , Dong Liang , Wang Shimin , Lu Yi , Xu Jinjin , Wu Wenqing , Li Sheng , Zhao Yun , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Hippo signaling pathway regulates tissue growth and organ size through controlling cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. During these processes, the coactivator Yorkie partners with the transcription factor Scalloped to mediate Hippo pathway-regulated cellular functions. Here, we demonstrate that Taiman facilitates the activity of Yorkie. First, Taiman overexpression upregulates Hippo pathway-responsive genes and induces tissue overgrowth. Second, the loss of tai downregulates the expression of Hippo pathway target genes and reduces organ size as well as tissue overgrowth caused by Yorkie overexpression. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Taiman binds to Yorkie and facilitates the activity of Yorkie-Scalloped to activate the transcription of several Hippo pathway target genes. Moreover, we found that the C-terminus of Taiman is indispensable for the function of Taiman in Hippo signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that Taiman is also required in intestinal stem cell proliferation. Our findings suggest Taiman is an essential coactivator of Yorkie.
Calcium-based multi-element chemistry for grid-scale electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Ouchi Takanari , Kim Hojong , Spatocco Brian L. , Sadoway Donald R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCalcium is an attractive material for the negative electrode in a rechargeable battery due to its low electronegativity (high cell voltage), double valence, earth abundance and low cost; however, the use of calcium has historically eluded researchers due to its high melting temperature, high reactivity and unfavorably high solubility in molten salts. Here we demonstrate a long-cycle-life calcium-metal-based rechargeable battery for grid-scale energy storage. By deploying a multi-cation binary electrolyte in concert with an alloyed negative electrode, calcium solubility in the electrolyte is suppressed and operating temperature is reduced. These chemical mitigation strategies also engage another element in energy storage reactions resulting in a multi-element battery. These initial results demonstrate how the synergistic effects of deploying multiple chemical mitigation strategies coupled with the relaxation of the requirement of a single itinerant ion can unlock calcium-based chemistries and produce a battery with enhanced performance.
Genomes of cryptic chimpanzee Plasmodium species reveal key evolutionary events leading to human malaria
Authors: Sundararaman Sesh A. , Plenderleith Lindsey J. , Liu Weimin , Loy Dorothy E. , Learn Gerald H. , Li Yingying , Shaw Katharina S. , Ayouba Ahidjo , Peeters Martine , Speede Sheri , Shaw George M. , Bushman Frederic D. , Brisson Dustin , Rayner Julian C. , Sharp Paul M. , Hahn Beatrice H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAfrican apes harbour at least six Plasmodium species of the subgenus Laverania, one of which gave rise to human Plasmodium falciparum. Here we use a selective amplification strategy to sequence the genome of chimpanzee parasites classified as Plasmodium reichenowi and Plasmodium gaboni based on the subgenomic fragments. Genome-wide analyses show that these parasites indeed represent distinct species, with no evidence of cross-species mating. Both P. reichenowi and P. gaboni are 10-fold more diverse than P. falciparum, indicating a very recent origin of the human parasite. We also find a remarkable Laverania-specific expansion of a multigene family involved in erythrocyte remodelling, and show that a short region on chromosome 4, which encodes two essential invasion genes, was horizontally transferred into a recent P. falciparum ancestor. Our results validate the selective amplification strategy for characterizing cryptic pathogen species, and reveal evolutionary events that likely predisposed the precursor of P. falciparum to colonize humans.
Calcium imaging reveals glial involvement in transcranial direct current stimulation-induced plasticity in mouse brain
Authors: Monai Hiromu , Ohkura Masamichi , Tanaka Mika , Oe Yuki , Konno Ayumu , Hirai Hirokazu , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Nakai Junichi , Iwai Youichi , Hirase Hajime 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTranscranical direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a treatment known to ameliorate various neurological conditions and enhance memory and cognition in humans. tDCS has gained traction for its potential therapeutic value; however, little is known about its mechanism of action. Using a transgenic mouse expressing G-CaMP7 in astrocytes and a subpopulation of excitatory neurons, we find that tDCS induces large-amplitude astrocytic Ca2+ surges across the entire cortex with no obvious changes in the local field potential. Moreover, sensory evoked cortical responses are enhanced after tDCS. These enhancements are dependent on the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor and are not observed in IP3R2 (inositol trisphosphate receptor type 2) knockout mice, in which astrocytic Ca2+ surges are absent. Together, we propose that tDCS changes the metaplasticity of the cortex through astrocytic Ca2+/IP3 signalling.
Genetic link between renal birth defects and congenital heart disease
Authors: San Agustin Jovenal T. , Klena Nikolai , Granath Kristi , Panigrahy Ashok , Stewart Eileen , Devine William , Strittmatter Lara , Jonassen Julie A. , Liu Xiaoqin , Lo Cecilia W. , Pazour Gregory J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStructural birth defects in the kidney and urinary tract are observed in 0.5% of live births and are a major cause of end-stage renal disease, but their genetic aetiology is not well understood. Here we analyse 135 lines of mice identified in large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen and show that 29% of mutations causing congenital heart disease (CHD) also cause renal anomalies. The renal anomalies included duplex and multiplex kidneys, renal agenesis, hydronephrosis and cystic kidney disease. To assess the clinical relevance of these findings, we examined patients with CHD and observed a 30% co-occurrence of renal anomalies of a similar spectrum. Together, these findings demonstrate a common shared genetic aetiology for CHD and renal anomalies, indicating that CHD patients are at increased risk for complications from renal anomalies. This collection of mutant mouse models provides a resource for further studies to elucidate the developmental link between renal anomalies and CHD.
Coulomb-corrected molecular orbital tomography of nitrogen
Authors: Zhai Chunyang , He Lixin , Lan Pengfei , Zhu Xiaosong , Li Yang , Wang Feng , Shi Wenjing , Zhang Qingbin , Lu Peixiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigh-order harmonic generation (HHG) from aligned molecules has provided a promising way to probe the molecular orbital with an Ångström resolution. This method, usually called molecular orbital tomography (MOT) replies on a simple assumption of the plane-wave approximation (PW), which has long been questioned due to that PW approximation is known to be valid in the keV energy region. However, the photon energy is usually no more than 100 eV in HHG. In this work, we experimentally reconstruct the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of nitrogen (N2) by using a Coulomb-corrected MOT (CCMOT) method. In our scheme, the molecular continuum states are described by a Coulomb wave function instead of the PW approximation. With CCMOT, the reconstructed orbital is demonstrated to agree well with the theoretical prediction and retain the main features of the HOMO of N2. Compared to the PW approximation method, the CCMOT shows a significant improvement in eliminating the artificial structures caused by PW approximation.