bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective French Multicenter Study of 114 Cases
Authors: de Lambert Guénolée , Lardy Hubert , Martelli Hélène , Orbach Daniel , Gauthier Frédéric , Guérin Florent 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundRight hemicolectomy (RHC) in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the appendix has been advocated for tumors more than 2 cm, or with mesoappendix/vessel invasion, or with raised mitotic activity. No study demonstrated prolonged survival with RHC over appendectomy alone. The aim of this study was to contribute to define guidelines for secondary surgery in children or adolescents with NET of the appendix.ProcedureWe contacted all French pediatric surgeons and oncologists by mail, and reviewed the records of patients under 18 with NET of the appendix from 1988 until 2012.ResultsA total of 114 patients were recorded with a female/male ratio of 1.6. Median age at presentation was 12 years (range: 5–17 years). Ten patients had a tumor more than 2 cm. Twenty patients had evidence of extension into the mesoappendix, including five with blood or lymph vessels’ invasion. Solely, one patient had a tumor with a high proliferative index. Incomplete resection was observed in three cases. Eighty‐five patients had no criterion for secondary surgery. Twenty‐nine patients had criteria for RHC but only 10 underwent surgery. None of the resected specimens showed carcinoid tumor. Three patients had positive lymph nodes. At the last follow‐up, all patients were alive and disease free.ConclusionAppendectomy alone seems to be curative of these tumors with no influence on life expectancy. Follow‐up is not only unnecessary, but its means, whether clinical, radiological or biological, are ineffective.
Interdigitated back‐contact heterojunction solar cell concept for liquid phase crystallized thin‐film silicon on glass
Authors: Sonntag Paul , Haschke Jan , Kühnapfel Sven , Frijnts Tim , Amkreutz Daniel , Rech Bernd 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present an interdigitated back‐contact silicon heterojunction system designed for liquid‐phase crystallized thin‐film (~10 µm) silicon on glass. The preparation of the interdigitated emitter (a‐Si:H(p)) and absorber (a‐Si:H(n)) contact layers relies on the etch selectivity of doped amorphous silicon layers in alkaline solutions. The etch rates of a‐Si:H(n) and a‐Si:H(p) in 0.6% NaOH were determined and interdigitated back‐contact silicon heterojunction solar cells with two different metallizations, namely Al and ITO/Ag electrodes, were evaluated regarding electrical and optical properties. An additional random pyramid texture on the back side provides short‐circuit current density (jSC) of up to 30.3 mA/cm2 using the ITO/Ag metallization. The maximum efficiency of 10.5% is mainly limited by a low of fill factor of 57%. However, the high jSC, as well as VOC values of 633 mV and pseudo‐fill factors of 77%, underline the high potential of this approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High efficiency UMG silicon solar cells: impact of compensation on cell parameters
Authors: Rougieux Fiacre , Samundsett Christian , Fong Kean Chern , Fell Andreas , Zheng Peiting , Macdonald Daniel , Degoulange Julien , Einhaus Roland , Forster Maxime 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHigh efficiency solar cells have been fabricated with wafers from an n‐type Czochralski grown (Cz) ingot using 100% Upgraded Metallurgical‐Grade (UMG) silicon feedstock. The UMG cells fabricated with a passivated emitter and rear totally diffused (PERT) structure have an independently confirmed cell efficiency of 19.8%. This is the highest efficiency reported for a cell based on 100% UMG silicon at the time of publication. The current and power losses are analysed as a function of measured material parameters, including carrier mobility, lifetime and the presence of the boron–oxygen defect. Dopant compensation is shown to reduce both the minority carrier lifetime and mobility, which significantly affects both the current and voltage of the device. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of Acute Burn Management in 32 Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Joseph Krishan , Trehan Abhishek , Cherian Meena , Kelley Edward , Watters David A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to ascertain whether acute burn management (ABM) is available at health facilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodThe study used the World Health Organization situational analysis tool (SAT) which is designed to assess emergency and essential surgical care and includes data points relevant to the acute management of burns. The SAT was available for 1413 health facilities in 59 countries.ResultsA majority (1036, 77.5 %) of the health facilities are able to perform ABM. The main reasons for the referral of ABM are lack of skills (53.4 %) and non‐functioning equipment (52.2 %). Considering health centres and district/rural/community hospitals that referred due to lack of supplies/drugs and/or non‐functioning equipment, almost half of the facilities were not able to provide continuous and consistent access to the equipment required either for resuscitation or to perform burn wound debridement. Out of the facilities that performed ABM, 379 (36.6 %) are capable of carrying out skin grafts and contracture release, which is indicative of their ability to manage full thickness burns. However the magnitude of full thickness burns managed was limited in half of these facilities, as they did not have access to a blood bank.ConclusionThe initial management of acute burns is generally available in LMICs, however it is constrained by the inability to perform resuscitation (19 %) and/or burn wound debridement (10 %). For more severe burns, an inability to perform skin grafting or contracture release limits definitive management of full thickness burns, whilst lack of availability to blood further compromises the treatment of major burns.
The Moral Reasoning of Genetic Dilemmas Amongst Jewish Israeli Undergraduate Students with Different Religious Affiliations and Scientific Backgrounds
Authors: Siani Merav , Ben‐Zvi Assaraf Orit 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to shed light on the moral reasoning of undergraduate Israeli students towards genetic dilemmas, and on how these are affected by their religious affiliation, by the field they study and by their gender. An open ended questionnaire was distributed among 449 undergraduate students in institutions of higher education in Israel, and their answers were analyzed according to the framework described by Sadler and Zeidler (Science Education, 88(1), 4–27, 2004). They were divided into two major categories: those whose reasoning was based on the consideration of moral consequences (MC), and those who supported their opinion by citing non‐consequentialist moral principles (MP). Students’ elaborations to questions dealing with values towards genetic testing showed a correlation between the students’ religious affiliation and their reasoning, with religious students’ elaborations tending to be more principle based than those of secular ones. Overall, the students’ elaborations indicate that their main concern is the possibility that their personal genetic information will be exposed, and that their body's personal rights will be violated. We conclude the paper by offering several practical recommendations based on our findings for genetic counseling that is specifically tailored to fit different patients according to their background.
Kinetics of Denaturation and Effects of Surfactants and Polyethylene Glycol on Soybean Esterase (Glycine max L) Stability
Authors: de Barros Márcio , Celligoi Maria Antonia P. C. , Macedo Gabriela Alves 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters and the effects of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants and polyethylene glycol on the activity and stability of a crude esterase extracted from soybeans (Glycine max L.). The activation energy for thermal inactivation was calculated from the Arrhenius plot was found to be 59.4 kJ mol−1 and the ΔH* 56.82 kJ mol−1 at 40 °C, which was the optimum temperature for enzyme activity. The ΔS* and ΔG* of the enzyme were found to be 61.67 kJ mol−1 and 15.50 J mol−1 K−1, respectively, at the optimum temperature. The activity was only enhanced by the cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and tetradecylmethylammonium bromide at a concentration of 3.0 mM. The anionic surfactant showed a positive effect on enzyme activity at the concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0 mM. Aqueous PEG (polyethylene glycols) solutions activated the esterase, and maximum activation (170 %) occurred with the addition of 6 kDa PEG. PEG with molecular weights of 0.4 and 10 kDa enhanced enzyme stability at 40 °C.
Efficiency of Gold Nano Particles on the Autoxidized Soybean Oil Polymer: Fractionation and Structural Analysis
Authors: Hazer Baki , Akyol Elvan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPolyunsaturated plant oils have gained great interest as monomers to produce biodegradable polymers obtained from renewable resources due to the limited existing sources of petroleum oil and environmental issues. Soybean oil was autoxidized by exposure to atomospheric oxygen at room temperature with or without the presence of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) 5–41 days. When the autoxidation process was catalyzed with Au NPs, the molecular weight of the oxidized oil was increased in 5 days. In contrast to this, without Au NPs, the oxidized oil was still a fluidized liquid. Autoxidized soybean oil polymer in toluene solution with gold NP showed a surface plasmon resonance at λmax = 540 nm in a UV–VIS spectrometer and a fluorescence emission spectrum at λmax = 450 nm, when it was irradiated at λmax = 390 nm. The higher molecular weight of the polymeric oils was successively fractionated by the extraction from the solvent‐non‐solvent mixture CHCl3/petroleum ether with the volume ratio of 5:15. Three polymeric oils fractions with different molecular weight (ca 1000, 4000, and 40,000 g/mol) were obtained. GC–MS analysis, 1H‐NMR and GPC techniques were used in the structural analysis of the fractionated polymeric oils.
Tell me a story in English or Swedish: Narrative production and comprehension in bilingual preschoolers and first graders
Authors: BOHNACKER UTE 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examines macrostructural aspects of narrative skills in 52 bilingual Swedish- and English-speaking children age 5–7. Elicited fictional story production and comprehension tasks were administered in parallel fashion in both Swedish and English (Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives; Gagarina et al., 2012). Scores on the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives were compared across languages; moreover, story structure components in the narratives and answers to probe questions were qualitatively analyzed. Age effects (5-year-olds vs. 6- to 7-year-olds) for macrostructure production and narrative comprehension were evident, but no effect for language (Swedish/English). The results suggest that story structure is invariant across a bilingual child's two languages at a given age, with similar awareness of the intentions and goal-directed behavior of the story protagonists, irrespective of language.
Macrostructure, microstructure, and mental state terms in the narratives of English–Hebrew bilingual preschool children with and without specific language impairment
Authors: ALTMAN CARMIT , ARMON-LOTEM SHARON , FICHMAN SVETA , WALTERS JOEL 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTChildren's bilingual status is important because the interest here is in narrative performance in both languages of bilingual children, in particular the within-subject, cross language comparisons. As Paradis (2010) has argued, there are some structures where performance differences will point to a temporary lack of opportunity for mastery, whereas other structures will be markers of underlying difficulties. We expect the discriminators to be language specific, depending on attested vulnerabilities for each of the languages involved. Narratives were examined for macrostructure (goals, attempts, and outcomes), microstructure (e.g., length, lexis, and morphosyntax), and mental state terms (MSTs). Thirty-one preschool children (TLD = 19, SLI = 12) retold stories accompanied by six pictures that were matched across content (Baby Birds/Baby Goats) and to the extent possible across languages (first language/second language) for macrostructure, microstructure, and MSTs in the framework of the Working Group on Narrative and Discourse Abilities in COST Action 0804 Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment. The macrostructure results confirmed previous findings showing similar performance in both languages for children with TLD and those diagnosed with SLI. Consistent with previous findings on narrative abilities among bilingual children, microstructure analysis of verbal productivity, length of communication units, and lexical diversity distinguished children with TLD from those with SLI. An analysis of MSTs yielded more MSTs in children's second language, in particular more mental verbs. The most prevalent MSTs used in all narratives were early acquired perceptual and motivational verbs (“see” and “want”). Overall, distinctions between narratives of children with TLD and SLI were found primarily for microstructure features, where error analysis was particularly important in uncovering possible markers, especially in second languages.
Developing a Performance Assessment Framework and Indicators for Communicable Disease Management in Natural Disasters
Authors: Babaie Javad , Ardalan Ali , Vatandoost Hasan , Goya Mohammad Mehdi , Akbarisari Ali 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionCommunicable disease management (CDM) is an important component of disaster public health response operations. However, there is a lack of any performance assessment (PA) framework and related indicators for the PA. This study aimed to develop a PA framework and indicators in CDM in disasters.MethodsIn this study, a series of methods were used. First, a systematic literature review (SLR) was performed in order to extract the existing PA frameworks and indicators. Then, using a qualitative approach, some interviews with purposively selected experts were conducted and used in developing the PA framework and indicators. Finally, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used for weighting of the developed indicators.ResultsThe input, process, products, and outcomes (IPPO) framework was found to be an appropriate framework for CDM PA. Seven main functions were revealed to CDM during disasters. Forty PA indicators were developed for the four categories.ConclusionThere is a lack of any existing PA framework in CDM in disasters. Thus, in this study, a PA framework (IPPO framework) was developed for the PA of CDM in disasters through a series of methods. It can be an appropriate framework and its indicators could measure the performance of CDM in disasters.BabaieJ, ArdalanA, VatandoostH, GoyaMM, AkbarisariA. Developing a performance assessment framework and indicators for communicable disease management in natural disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):27–35.
Rapid tranquillisation of acutely disturbed and violent patients: a retrospective cohort examination of 24 patients on a psychiatric intensive care unit
Authors: Shahpesandy Homayun , Tye Nina , Hegarty Amy , Czechovska Justyna , Kwentoh Mona Lisa , Wood Amanda 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of violent behaviour within acute psychiatric services is about 10%.AimTo identify the pharmacological management of acutely disturbed behaviour in patients requiring rapid tranquillisation (RT) on a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were also identified in these patients.Method and objectivesA retrospective cohort examination was carried out of 24 patients receiving RT, average age of 38.8 years (7 women and 17 men), admitted to the PICU between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2011. Patient records and hospital incident reporting system were used to obtain relevant data for analysis.ResultsThe majority of patients were detained (95%); suffering from schizophrenia (45.8%); bipolar disorder (25%) and substance misuse disorders (12.5%). Verbal aggression (58.3%) and threatening behaviour (29.2%) were the most common factors leading to RT. Fourteen patients (58.3%) were medicated with a combination of haloperidol and lorazepam; nine (37.5%) with zuclopenthixol acetate only; and one (4.2%) with a combination of zuclopenthixol and promethazine.ConclusionHaloperidol in combination with lorazepam was the most common medication utilised for RT. Nevertheless, zuclopenthixol acetate alone, or combined with other drugs, was used in over 40% of cases. This finding is in considerable variation with recommended guidelines.
Trait Emotional Intelligence is Related to Risk-Taking Through Negative Mood and Anticipated Fear
Authors: Panno Angelo , Anna Donati Maria , Chiesi Francesca , Primi Caterina 
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Existing research showed that negative mood and the anticipated fear of bad outcomes lead people to prefer risk-averse tendencies, and these effects have often been implicitly considered as a universal phenomenon. Nevertheless, interactionist accounts emphasized the importance of both person and situation in predicting outcomes. We aimed to prove whether trait Emotional Intelligence (EI; a person’s characteristic) was related to risk-taking through factors naturally occurring in decision-making processes (i.e., negative mood and anticipated fear). One hundred fifty-eight participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the anticipated fear rating and the hot-Columbia Card Task (CCT; a risk-taking measure), 1 month following assessment of trait EI. Results showed that negative mood and anticipated fear were two simultaneous mediators of the relationship between trait EI and risk-taking.
Lung epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles activate macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses via ROCK1 pathway
Authors: Moon H-G , Cao Y , Yang J , Lee J H , Choi H S , Jin Y 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite decades of research, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains poorly understood, thus impeding the development of effective treatment. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and lung epithelial cell death are prominent features of ARDS. Lung epithelial cells are the first line of defense after inhaled stimuli, such as in the case of hyperoxia. We hypothesized that lung epithelial cells release ‘messenger’ or signaling molecules to adjacent or distant macrophages, thereby initiating or propagating inflammatory responses after noxious insult. We found that, after hyperoxia, a large amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) were generated and released into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These hyperoxia-induced EVs were mainly derived from live lung epithelial cells as the result of hyperoxia-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These EVs were remarkably different from epithelial ‘apoptotic bodies’, as reflected by the significantly smaller size and differentially expressed protein markers. These EVs fall mainly in the size range of the exosomes and smaller microvesicles (MVs) (50–120 nm). The commonly featured protein markers of apoptotic bodies were not found in these EVs. Treating alveolar macrophages with hyperoxia-induced, epithelial cell-derived EVs led to an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2). Robustly increased macrophage and neutrophil influx was found in the lung tissue of the mice intranasally treated with hyperoxia-induced EVs. It was determined that EV-encapsulated caspase-3 was largely responsible for the alveolar macrophage activation via the ROCK1 pathway. Caspase-3-deficient EVs induced less cytokine/MIP-2 release, reduced cell counts in BALF, less neutrophil infiltration and less inflammation in lung parenchyma, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the serum circulating EVs were increased and mainly derived from lung epithelial cells after hyperoxia exposure. These circulating EVs also activated systemic macrophages other than the alveolar ones. Collectively, the results show that hyperoxia-induced, lung epithelial cell-derived and caspase-3 enriched EVs activate macrophages and mediate the inflammatory lung responses involved in lung injury.
Mitochondrial protection impairs BET bromodomain inhibitor-mediated cell death and provides rationale for combination therapeutic strategies
Authors: Lasorsa E , Smonksey M , Kirk J S , Rosario S , Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F J , Ellis L 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInhibitors of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain family (BETI) have recently entered phase I clinical trials. In patients with advanced leukemia’s, potent antileukemia activity was displayed with minimum dose-limiting toxicity. In preclinical models of hematological malignancies, including aggressive B-cell lymphomas, BETI induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the underlying cell death mechanisms are still not well understood. Dissecting the mechanisms required by BETI to mediate cell death would provide strong direction on how to best utilize BETI to treat patients with aggressive hematological malignancies. Herein, we provide understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BETI-mediated cell death using I-BET762. Induction of cell death occurred in primary murine and human B-cell lymphomas through apoptosis. Genetic dissection using Eμ-myc B-cell lymphoma compound mutants demonstrated that I-BET762-induced apoptosis does not require the p53 pathway. Furthermore, deletion of Apaf1, and thus the absence of a functional apoptosome, is associated with a delayed drug response but do not provide long-term resistance. Prolonged treatment of this model in fact fails to suppress the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and is associated with biochemical features of autophagy. However, lack of mitochondrial permeability completely inhibited I-BET762-mediated tumor cell death, indicating mitochondrial damage as key events for its activity. Combination of I-BET762 with BH3-only mimetics ABT-263 or obatoclax, restored sensitivity to I-BET762 lymphoma killing; however, success was determined by expression of Bcl-2 family antiapoptotic proteins. Our study provides critical insight for clinical decisions regarding the appropriate strategy for using BETI as a single agent or in combination to treat patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas.