bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal epithelial stem cells and their niche at a glance
Authors: Nowell Craig S. , Radtke Freddy 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The corneal epithelium acts as a protective barrier on the anterior ocular surface and is essential for maintaining transparency of the cornea and thus visual acuity. During both homeostasis and repair, the corneal epithelium is maintained by self-renewing stem cells, which persist throughout the lifetime of the organism. Importantly, as in other self-renewing tissues, the functional activity of corneal epithelial stem cells (CSCEs) is tightly regulated by the surrounding microenvironment, or niche, which provides a range of cues that maintain the stem cell population. This Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster will therefore aim to summarise our current understanding of the corneal epithelial stem cell niche and its role in regulating stem cell activity during homeostasis, repair and disease.
“Was Pyrrho a Pyrrhonian?”
Authors: Green Jerry 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper attempts a reconstruction of the views of Pyrrho of Elis. Many recent commentators, most notably Richard Bett, have made Pyrrho out to a metaphysical dogmatist who thinks the world is fundamentally indeterminate. Despite some criticisms of this view by Brennan and others, this metaphysical reading has continued to gain adherents. But there are serious textual and logical problems with these dogmatic interpretations. According to the evidence we have, a better view is that Pyrrho was an agnostic skeptic, i.e. one who refused to make assertions about the world outside of perceptual or intellectual appearances. But this does not mean that the traditional view of Pyrrho is correct either: the kind of skepticism Pyrrho endorsed is not Pyrrhonian, because it is grounded in the nature of our epistemic faculties rather than opposition between equally plausible theories, arguments, beliefs, or appearances. A secondary thesis of this paper is about methodology. Rather than focus on the most ambiguous and contentious passages in isolation, we should base our interpretation on the whole corpus, beginning with the easiest passages. Faulty interpretations of Pyrrho go wrong, I argue, partly by failing to follow this method.
Relations of density, polyethylene glycol treatment and moisture content with stiffness properties of Vasa oak samples
Authors: Vorobyev Alexey , Almkvist Gunnar , van Dijk Nico P. , Gamstedt E. Kristofer 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the preferred method for the conservation of waterlogged archaeological wooden objects. However, PEG impregnation leads to softening and increased hygroscopicity of the material. The present study compiles experimental results concerning the full elastic properties of PEG impregnated archaeological wood from the Vasa ship in relation to its basic density, PEG content (PEGC) and moisture content (MC). The results show a correlation between a more porous microstructure and high PEGC, and consequently, higher MC. The PEG and moisture contribute to the mass of the wooden object as well as to the softening of the material, which are undesired properties in a larger load-carrying wooden structure. A compromise between the improved dimensional stability and degradation of mechanical properties should therefore be considered in the conservation of wooden objects treated with PEG.
Ordered, Disordered and Partially Synchronized Schools of Fish
Authors: Birnir Björn , Einarsson Baldvin , Bonilla Luis L. , Cornejo-Donoso Jorge 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We study the properties of an ODE description of schools of fish (B. Birnir, An ODE model of the motion of pelagic fish, J. Stat. Phys. 128(1/2) (2007), 535–568.) and how they change in the presence of a random acceleration. The model can be reduced to one ODE for the direction of the velocity of a generic fish and another ODE for its speed. These equations contain the mean speed

v
ˉ

$\bar{v}$

and a Kuramoto order parameter

r

$r$

for the phases of the fish velocities. In this paper, we give a complete qualitative analysis of the system for large number of particles. We show that the stationary solutions of the ODEs consist of an incoherent unstable solution with

r

=

v
ˉ

=

0

$r\!\!=\!\!\bar{v}\!\!=\!\!0$

and a globally stable solution with

r

=

1

$r\!=\!1$

and a constant

v
ˉ

>

0

$\bar{v}\!>\!0$

. In the latter solution, all the fish move uniformly in the same direction with

v
ˉ

$\bar{v}$

and the direction of motion determined by the initial configuration of the school. This is called the “migratory solution”. In the second part of the paper, the directional headings of the particles are perturbed, in two distinct ways, and the speeds accelerated in order to obtain two distinct classes of non-stationary, complex solutions. We show that the perturbed systems have similar behavior as the unperturbed one, and derive the resulting constant value of the average speed, verifying the numerical observations. Finally, we show that the system exhibits a similar bifurcation to that in Vicsek and Czirok (T. Vicsek, A. Czirók, E. Ben-Jacob, I. Cohen and O. Shochet, Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75(6) (Aug 1995), 1226–1229.) between phases of synchronization and disorder. Either increasing the variance of the Brownian angular noise, or decreasing the turning rate, or coupling between the particles, cause a similar phase transition. These perturbed models represent a more realistic view of schools of fish found in nature. We apply the theory to compute the order parameter for a simulation of the Chile-Peru anchovy fishery.
The Tasks of Climate Related Energy Ethics – The Example of Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Steigleder Klaus 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this article I try to show that climate ethics must be to a great extent risk and energy ethics. As the emissions of carbon dioxide have to be stopped completely in a relatively short period of time a massive change of global energy systems is needed. Scenarios of how this can realistically be achieved must be developed and evaluated. The required transformations potentially conflict with the important aims of energy security, economic development and overcoming energy poverty. Proposed measures may involve unacceptable risks or be counterproductive. Criteria, principles and guidelines are proposed which are needed to deal with these problems. Finally, the difficulties and tasks of climate related energy ethics are critically exemplified on the strategy of comprehensive carbon capture and storage, a strategy which is part of almost all scenarios which aim at restricting the increase of the average global temperature to 2° C.
On the estimation of regime-switching Lévy models
Authors: Chevallier Julien , Goutte Stéphane 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe regime-switching Lévy model combines jump-diffusion under the form of a Lévy process, and Markov regime-switching where all parameters depend on the value of a continuous time Markov chain. We start by giving general stochastic results. Estimation is performed following a two-step procedure. The EM-algorithm is extended to this new class of jump-diffusion regime-switching models. Simulations are proposed, alongside an empirical application dedicated to the study of financial and commodity time series. When comparing the results with (i) non regime-switching models, and (ii) continuous regime-switching models (where the Lévy process is replaced by a classic Brownian motion), the Lévy regime-switching model outperforms other competitors.
Context-Dependent Modulation of Excitatory Synaptic Strength by Synaptically Released Zinc
Authors: Kalappa Bopanna I. , Tzounopoulos Thanos 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSynaptically released zinc inhibits baseline excitatory neurotransmission; however, the role of this neuromodulator on short-term plasticity during different levels of synaptic activity remains largely unknown. This lack of knowledge prevents our understanding of information transfer across zinc-releasing synapses, including 50% of excitatory synapses in cortical areas. We usedin vitroelectrophysiology in mouse brain slices and discovered that the effects of zinc on excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) amplitudes are context-dependent. At lower frequencies of activity, synaptically released zinc reduces EPSC amplitudes. In contrast, at higher stimulation frequencies and vesicular release probability (Pr), zinc inhibits EPSC amplitudes during the first few stimuli but leads to enhanced steady-state EPSC amplitudes during subsequent stimuli. This paradoxical enhancement is due to zinc-dependent potentiation of synaptic facilitation via the recruitment of endocannabinoid signaling. Together, these findings demonstrate that synaptically released zinc is a modulator of excitatory short-term plasticity, which shapes information transfer among excitatory synapses.
Axonal Type III Nrg1 Controls Glutamate Synapse Formation and GluA2 Trafficking in Hippocampal-Accumbens Connections
Authors: Zhong Chongbo , Akmentin Wendy , Du Chuang , Role Lorna W. , Talmage David A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAltered neuregulin 1 (Nrg1)/ErbB signaling and glutamatergic hypofunction have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here, we employed gene chimeric ventral hippocampus (vHipp)-nucleus accumbens (nAcc) coculture from mouse, electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, FM1-43 vesicle fusion, and electron microscopy techniques to examine the pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms of genetic deficits in Nrg1/ErbB signaling-induced glutamatergic dysfunctions. Reduced presynaptic type III Nrg1 expression along vHipp axons decreases the number of glutamate synapses and impairs GluA2 trafficking in the postsynaptic nAcc neurons, resulting in decreased frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). Reduced expression of axonal type III Nrg1 along vHipp projections also decreases functional synaptic vesicle (SV) clustering and vesicular trafficking to presynaptic vHipp axonal terminals. These findings suggest that Nrg1/ErbB signaling modulate glutamatergic transmission via both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms.
Transformed Neural Pattern Reinstatement during Episodic Memory Retrieval
Authors: Xiao Xiaoqian , Dong Qi , Gao Jiahong , Men Weiwei , Poldrack Russell A. , Xue Gui 
Published: February 2017

Contemporary models of episodic memory posit that remembering involves the reenactment of encoding processes. Although encoding-retrieval similarity has been consistently reported and linked to memory success, the nature of neural pattern reinstatement is poorly understood. Using high-resolution fMRI on human subjects, our results obtained clear evidence for item-specific pattern reinstatement in the frontoparietal cortex, even when the encoding-retrieval pairs shared no perceptual similarity. No item-specific pattern reinstatement was found in the ventral visual cortex. Importantly, the brain regions and voxels carrying item-specific representation differed significantly between encoding and retrieval, and the item specificity for encoding-retrieval similarity was smaller than that for encoding or retrieval, suggesting different nature of representations between encoding and retrieval. Moreover, cross-region representational similarity analysis suggests that the encoded representation in the ventral visual cortex was reinstated in the frontoparietal cortex during retrieval. Together, these results suggest that, in addition to reinstatement of the originally encoded pattern in the brain regions that perform encoding processes, retrieval may also involve the reinstatement of a transformed representation of the encoded information. These results emphasize the constructive nature of memory retrieval that helps to serve important adaptive functions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpisodic memory enables humans to vividly reexperience past events, yet how this is achieved at the neural level is barely understood. A long-standing hypothesis posits that memory retrieval involves the faithful reinstatement of encoding-related activity. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the neural representations during encoding and retrieval. We found strong pattern reinstatement in the frontoparietal cortex, but not in the ventral visual cortex, that represents visual details. Critically, even within the same brain regions, the nature of representation during retrieval was qualitatively different from that during encoding. These results suggest that memory retrieval is not a faithful replay of past event but rather involves additional constructive processes to serve adaptive functions.
SELEKTIVITAS KISI TED (Turtte Exctuder Devices) TIPE SUPER SHOOTER PADA TRAWL
Authors: Mahiswara Mahiswara , Wahyu Ronny Imawan 
Published: February 2017

Pemasalahan utama pada penkanan trdwl adalah banyaknya hasil tangkapan sampingan yang tidak dimanfaatkan dan dibuang kembali ke laut.
Código de ética y transparencia
Authors: Arcila Gómez Rodrigo 
Published: February 2017

<p>Reconociendo la importancia de la Revista Latinoamericana de Bioética y con el fin de difundir en este medio científico el avance que ha alcanzado la industria farmacéutica nacional, binacional y multinacional colombiana firmando y sacando adelante un código de autorregulación para todo el sector de la salud queremos compartir con sus lectores los beneficios que traerá está implementación para todo el sector de la salud.</p>El pasado mes de junio la Cámara de la Industria farmacéutica de la ANDI presentó el <em>Código de ética y transparencia, un </em>manual de comportamiento para los agentes de la Industria Farmacéutica que beneficia principalmente a los pacientes, convirtiéndose en un mecanismo de autorregulación e incentivo de participación ciudadana.
Parasites Inventory on Ornamental Fish Transported in Soekarno-Hatta Airport, Cengkareng, Jakarta
Authors: Alifuddin M. , Priyono A. , Nurfatimah A. 
Published: February 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">ABSTRACT<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Study of parasites inventory on ornamental fish transported in Soekarno-Hatta Airport, Cengkareng, Jakarta was done.<span> </span>Parasites were identified from coral platy fish (<em>Xiphophorus maculatus</em>), guppy cobra fish (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>), red nose tetra fish (<em>Hemigrammus rhodostomus</em>) and serpe minor fish (<em>Hyphessobrycon serpae</em>).<span> </span>Parasites found from coral platy fish were identified as <em>Dactylogyrus</em><span> </span>and <em>Argulus japonicus</em>; <em>Trichodina heterodentata</em> and <em>Lerneae </em><span>infected </span>guppy cobra fish;<span> </span>red nose tetra fish was<span> infected by </span><em>Gyrodactylus,</em><span> whilst </span><em>Ichthyoph-thirius multifiliis</em><span> were found in </span>serpe minor fish only<em>. </em><span>All of the parasites were known as ectoparasites and excluded from the List of Pest and Parasite Fish Quarantine. From this study, there was a correlation between present of parasites with length of fish.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Key words : Ornamental fish, fish parasites, fish quarantine</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in"> </span></p><h2><span lang="in" xml:lang="in">ABSTRAK</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Penelitian inventarisi parasit pada ikan hias yang dilalulintaskan melalui Bandara Soekarno-Hatta, Cengkareng, Jakarta telah dilakukan.<span> </span>Inventarisasi parasit dilakukan terhadap ikan platis koral (<em>Xyphophorus maculatus</em>), ikan gupi kobra (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>), ikan red nose tetra (<em>Hemgrammus rhodostomus</em>) dan ikan serpe minor (<em>Hyphessobrycon serpae</em>).<span> </span>Pada ikan platis koral ditemukan parasit <em>Dactylogyrus</em><span> </span>dan <em>Argulus japonicus</em>; pada ikan gupi kobra ditemukan parasit <em><span> </span>Trichodina heterodentata</em> dan <em>Lerneae;</em> pada<em> </em>ikan red nose tetra <span>hanya </span>ditemukan parasit <em>Gyrodactylus</em><span> </span>dan pada ikan serpe minor hanya ditemukan parasit <em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. </em><span>Semua parasit yang ditemukan tergolong ektoparasit dan </span>tidak tergolong sebagai patogen karantina.<span> </span>Dari penelitian ini terlihat adanya hubungan keberadaan parasit dengan ukuran panjang ikan.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="in" xml:lang="in">Kata kunci : Ikan hias, parasit ikan, karantina ikan.</span></p>
Caracterización panorámica del español hablado en Colombia: fonología y gramática
Authors: Bernal Chávez Julio Alexander , Díaz Romero Camilo Enrique 
Published: February 2017

En este panorama se presentan las características más generales del español hablado en Colombia, en especial, en los niveles fonológico, morfológico y sintáctico. Se exponen, en primer lugar, una contextualización sobre los estudios del español que se usa en el país y las propiedades que son comunes a la mayoría de los hispanohablantes colombianos. En segundo lugar, siguiendo la división diatópica propuesta por Montes (1982), se hace mención de las particularidades lingüísticas de cada superdialecto. Por último, se muestran las cualidades del español hablado en zonas de contacto con las lenguas indígenas y se postulan algunas de las tareas pendientes de investigación sobre las diferentes variedades diatópicas y de contacto de la lengua oficial en el nivel nacional.
Aproximación sociopragmática a las estrategias conversacionales de los adolescentes
Authors: Ortega Salamanca Francisco José , Vargas Cortés Belcy Victoria 
Published: February 2017

Este artículo expone hallazgos de una investigación apoyada en referentes teóricos propios de la Sociopragmática, la cortesía y la descortesía, cuyo propósito fue identificar las estrategias conversacionales predominantes entre adolescentes de Grado Décimo de dos instituciones educativas de Nobsa y Cómbita (Boyacá, Colombia), para interpretar estrategias de camaradería presentes en sus conversaciones espontáneas. Se recurrió a un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, con base en el Análisis de la conversación, desde la Etnografía del habla. La investigación se cimentó en tres fases: de diagnóstico, de recogida de información y aplicación de instrumentos, y de análisis e interpretación del corpus obtenido. Los resultados evidenciaron estrategias conversacionales preferidas y fórmulas de tratamiento que usan los adolescentes en contextos informales, estas los identifican y les sirven para entablar cierto grado de afinidad en el grupo.
Descripción y referencia: el lenguaje como posibilidad de veracidad. Un asunto de límites de sistemas-mundo y actos de habla
Authors: Giraldo Gutiérrez Francisco Luis , Londoño Vásquez David Alberto 
Published: February 2017

En este artículo desarrollamos el concepto de lenguaje y de cómo él, como acción del hombre en el hombre, al hacerse presente a modo de representación y expresión, tiene la pretensión de validar aquello que conoce –el objeto– y la manera como lo conoce. De esta forma, partimos de concebir el lenguaje como un sistema, una semiótica social y una intención. Mediante el lenguaje y el acto comunicativo de la interlocución, el sujeto determina la veracidad/validez del hecho, la acción: actúa en el sistema y acorde con él, y establece el nivel de correspondencia de la idea –pensada o manifestada– y el objeto, como producto final de su capacidad de hacer y comunicar. Como tesis, planteamos que, independientemente del modo o modos en que se conjuguen los códigos lingüísticos, lo que importa es su posibilidad de veracidad. De igual modo, esos niveles y posibilidades están limitados o ampliados por los sistemas-mundo de los sujetos intervinientes en el acto de habla.
Nutritional Dried Matter, Crude Protein and Crude Fiber on Lowland Tidal Grass Fermented by Probiotic Microorganisms for Use Bali Cattle Feed
Authors: Muhakka Muhakka , Wijaya A , Ammar M 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value of lowland tidal grass fermented by probiotic microorganisms. This study used a completely randomized design and investigated two factors, namely varieties of lowland tidal grass (kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum), kumpai minyak (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) and kumpai padi (Oryza rufipogon)) and probiotic microorganism concentration (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 percent). The following parameters were observed, including dried matter content, crude protein content and crude fiber content. The results showed that the use of probiotics have significant effects on crude protein content and crude fiber content. In conclusion, the use of probiotics can improve the nutritional value of grass. The best result was obtained on kumpai tembaga grass (Ischaemum rugosum) fermented with 0.7% probiotic microorganism. Keywords: nutritional evaluation, lowland tidal grass, fermentation, probiotics microorgansms Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai nutrisi rumput tidal dataran rendah yang difermentasi menggunakan mikroba probiotik. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan mengamati dua faktor, yaitu varitas rumput tidal dataran rendah (kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum), kumpai minyak (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) dan kumpai padi (Oryza rufipogon)) dan mikroba probiotik (0,3; 0,5; 0,7 dan 0,9 persen). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kandungan bahan kering, protein kasar, dan serat kasar. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar. Dapat disumpulkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik dapat meningkatkan nilai nutrisi dari rumput. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada rumput kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum) yang difermentasi menggunakan 0,7% mikroba probiotik. Kata kunci: evaluasi nutrisi, rumput tidal dataran rendah, fermentasi, mikroba probiotik
Grazing Behavior and Itineraries of Kacang Goat with Different Coat Color under Semi Intensive Management
Authors: Kiswanto Slamet Heri , Baihaqi Muhammad , Prihantoro Iwan 
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of coat color on behavior and itineraries of kacang goat during grazing time. This research used 9 females and 3 males kacang goat. Behavior observed by one zero sampling method and analyzed using t-Test at level 5%. The result indicated that ingestion and browsing of brown goat (30.91±2.87%; 8.75±3.10%) higher than black goat (28.57±2.69%; 6.07±4.78%), while black goat showed more locomotion (33.26±4.50%) than brown goat (29.70±4.63%). Grazing, panting, and resting behaviors, and distance traveled of black goat (22.56±2.63%; 4.48±4.02%; 2.34±2.97%; 483.48±133.16 m) were not different with brown goat (22.16±2.90%; 4.59±3.71%; 2.64±1.52%; 392.29±81.19 m). Result also indicated that goat showed more grazing than browsing with high preference in you ng grass than old grass, legume, and weed.