bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les réseaux politico-économiques dans la Russie de Poutine
Authors: Volkov Roman 
Published: April 2017

Après la chute de l’URSS, la Russie a connu une double transformation : politique, avec la transition vers une démocratie pluraliste ; économique, avec l’adoption de l’économie de marché. Cette situation inédite a été propice à l’émergence d’une oligarchie dont les intérêts privés prévalaient sur ceux de l’État. L’arrivée au pouvoir de Vladimir Poutine a totalement inversé la donne : une élite au service des intérêts de l’État s’est constituée, qui a progressivement concurrencé la position dominante des oligarques. Aujourd’hui, cette élite s’apparente plus à une classe dirigeante tant son autorité politique et son influence économique annihilent toute concurrence. Structurée idéologiquement autour de la rhétorique de l’« État fort » et personnellement liée à V. Poutine, cette classe dirigeante agit grâce à un « capital administratif », constitué par le cumul de positions clés dans les champs politique et économique et qui lui permet de contrôler l’économie, de coordonner les décisions stratégiques et de redistribuer les rentes économiques par lesquelles prend forme sa domination.
La Catalogne, du nationalisme à l’indépendantisme ? Les enjeux d’une radicalisation
Authors: Petithomme Mathieu 
Published: April 2017

À partir d’une synthèse de l’histoire du nationalisme catalan depuis le XIX e siècle et d’une analyse de sa trajectoire récente, cette réflexion sur les causes de la radicalisation indépendantiste montre que les principales caractéristiques du nationalisme catalan n’ont pas changé depuis la Renaixença : accent mis sur la « normalisation » linguistique et l’autonomie fiscale, vocation intégratrice du nationalisme dans le contexte d’une société divisée, tropisme conservateur de la bourgeoisie, phases de radicalisation dans les périodes où le modèle institutionnel de l’État est en crise. Certes, la radicalisation s’inscrit dans un contexte conflictuel dû au rejet des principales dispositions du statut d’autonomie de 2005 relatives à la reconnaissance de la « nation catalane » et de sa langue. Cependant, l’indépendantisme s’est également nourri de la crise de 2008. Tout en se diffusant grâce à l’activisme du mouvement social, il a été récupéré électoralement par la coalition Convergència i Uniò, et ce même si la Catalogne demeure malgré tout une « nation divisée ».
Validating Health Literacy and Numeracy Measures in Minority Groups
Authors: Chakkalakal Rosette J. , Venkatraman Sneha , O.White Richard , Kripalani Sunil , Rothman Russell , Wallston Kenneth 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Validation studies of existing health literacy or numeracy tools among racial/ethnic minorities are limited.

Objective:
This study assessed the validity of the Subjective Numeracy Scale (SNS), the Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT-5), the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS), and the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) by trait (health literacy or numeracy) and by method (subjective or objective) among non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), and Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Partnering to Improve Diabetes Education (PRIDE) study, a clustered randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a health communication intervention on T2DM outcomes at state Department of Health clinics in middle Tennessee. PRIDE participants with race/ethnicity data available (
n
= 398) were included in this study. Most patients identified as NHW (59%), 18% identified as NHB, and 23% identified as Hispanic. Pearson correlations among the 4 measures were compared for each racial/ethnic group by trait and method. The convergent validity of each measure with education was also assessed using Pearson correlation analyses.

Key Results:
Significant correlations were observed across all 3 subgroups for the numeracy measures (SNS and DNT-5) and the objective measures (DNT-5 and S-TOFHLA). Nonsignificant correlations were observed among Hispanic participants for the health literacy measures (BHLS and S-TOFHLA, correlation coefficient = 0.13) and among NHB and Hispanic participants for the subjective measures (SNS and BHLS, correlations coefficients = 0.15 and 0.09, respectively). A significant positive correlation was noted between education and each measure across all 3 subgroups.

Conclusions:

Subjective and health literacy measures demonstrate weaker correlations than objective and numeracy measures, respectively, among minority patients in this study. Our findings highlight the need to further evaluate the appropriateness of these tools for use with minority populations, particularly the BHLS for Hispanic patients.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(2):e23–e30.]

Plain Language Summary:
Few studies have tested the validity of health literacy and numeracy measures in minority groups. This study highlights racial/ethnic differences in the results of validity testing of the Subjective Numeracy Scale, the Diabetes Numeracy Test, the Brief Health Literacy Screen, and the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults among adults with type 2 diabetes.
Sport Concussion Management Using Facebook: A Feasibility Study of an Innovative Adjunct “iCon”
Authors: Ahmed Osman Hassan , Schneiders Anthony G. , McCrory Paul R. , Sullivan S. John 
Published: April 2017

Context:
Sport concussion is currently the focus of much international attention. Innovative methods to assist athletic trainers in facilitating management after this injury need to be investigated.

Objective:
To investigate the feasibility of using a Facebook concussion-management program termed iCon (interactive concussion management) to facilitate the safe return to play (RTP) of young persons after sport concussion.

Design:
Observational study.

Setting:
Facebook group containing interactive elements, with moderation and support from trained health care professionals.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eleven participants (n = 9 men, n = 2 women; range, 18 to 28 years old) completed the study.

Data Collection and Analysis:
The study was conducted over a 3-month period, with participant questionnaires administered preintervention and postintervention. The primary focus was on the qualitative experiences of the participants and the effect of iCon on their RTP. Usage data were also collected.

Results:
At the completion of the study, all participants (100%) stated that they would recommend an intervention such as iCon to others. Their supporting quotes all indicated that iCon has the potential to improve the management of concussion among this cohort. Most participants (n = 9, 82%) stated they were better informed with regard to their RTP due to participating in iCon.

Conclusions:
This interactive adjunct to traditional concussion management was appreciated among this participant group, which indicates the feasibility of a future, larger study of iCon. Athletic trainers should consider the role that multimedia technologies may play in assisting with the management of sport concussion.
Application of Natural Language Processing and Network Analysis Techniques to Post-market Reports for the Evaluation of Dose-related Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Safety Patterns
Authors: Botsis Taxiarchis , Foster Matthew , Arya Nina , Kreimeyer Kory , Pandey Abhishek , Arya Deepa 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of automated dose and adverse event information retrieval in supporting the identification of safety patterns.
Methods: We extracted all rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (rATG) reports submitted to the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from the product’s initial licensure in April 16, 1984 through February 8, 2016. We processed the narratives using the Medication Extraction (MedEx) and the Event-based Text-mining of Health Electronic Records (ETHER) systems and retrieved the appropriate medication, clinical, and temporal information. When necessary, the extracted information was manually curated. This process resulted in a high quality dataset that was analyzed with the Pattern-based and Advanced Network Analyzer for Clinical Evaluation and Assessment (PANACEA) to explore the association of rATG dosing with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).
Results: Although manual curation was necessary to improve the data quality, MedEx and ETHER supported the extraction of the appropriate information. We created a final dataset of 1,380 cases with complete information for rATG dosing and date of administration. Analysis in PANACEA found that PTLD was associated with cumulative doses of rATG >8 mg/kg, even in periods where most of the submissions to FAERS reported low doses of rATG.
Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of investigating a dose-related safety pattern for a particular product in FAERS using a set of automated tools.
Citation: Botsis T, Foster M, Arya N, Kreimeyer K, Pandey A, Arya D. Application of natural language processing and network analysis techniques to post-market reports for the evaluation of dose-related anti-thymocyte globulin safety patterns. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 396–411 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-10-RA-0169
The Greenway social housing estate: lessons in community development
Authors: Taylor Chris , Donoghue Jed 
Published: April 2017

Greenway is a self-contained estate for social housing tenants in the North Sydney local government area of Sydney, Australia. When Greenway opened in 1954 local newspapers reported on the modern, all electric units providing living opportunities for working people. By 2007 social isolation and anti-social behaviour at Greenway were regularly reported by the local press. The revitalisation of the Greenway estate occurred with the arrival of new residents who were keen to be actively involved in community development and stand for election to the Greenway Tenants Group (GTG). North Sydney Council supports the GTG with grants and expertise when required and also conducts elections on behalf of the tenants group.
Investigation of the aerosol–cloud–rainfall association over the Indian summer monsoon region
Authors: Sarangi Chandan , Tripathi Sachchida Nand , Kanawade Vijay P. , Koren Ilan , Pai D. Sivanand 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Monsoonal rainfall is the primary source of surface water in India. Using 12 years of in situ and satellite observations, we examined the association of aerosol loading with cloud fraction, cloud top pressure, cloud top temperature, and daily surface rainfall over the Indian summer monsoon region (ISMR). Our results showed positive correlations between aerosol loading and cloud properties as well as rainfall. A decrease in outgoing longwave radiation and an increase in reflected shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere with an increase in aerosol loading further indicates a possible seminal role of aerosols in the deepening of cloud systems. Significant perturbation in liquid- and ice-phase microphysics was also evident over the ISMR. For the polluted cases, delay in the onset of collision–coalescence processes and an enhancement in the condensation efficiency allows for more condensate mass to be lifted up to the mixed colder phases. This results in the higher mass concentration of larger-sized ice-phase hydrometeors and, therefore, implies that the delayed rain processes eventually lead to more surface rainfall. A numerical simulation of a typical rainfall event case over the ISMR using a spectral bin microphysical scheme coupled with the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF-SBM) model was also performed. Simulated microphysics also illustrated that the initial suppression of warm rain coupled with an increase in updraft velocity under high aerosol loading leads to enhanced super-cooled liquid droplets above freezing level and ice-phase hydrometeors, resulting in increased accumulated surface rainfall. Thus, both observational and numerical analysis suggest that high aerosol loading may induce cloud invigoration, thereby increasing surface rainfall over the ISMR. While the meteorological variability influences the strength of the observed positive association, our results suggest that the persistent aerosol-associated deepening of cloud systems and an intensification of surface rain amounts was applicable to all the meteorological sub-regimes over the ISMR. Hence, we believe that these results provide a step forward in our ability to address aerosol–cloud–rainfall associations based on satellite observations over the ISMR.
Direct radiative effect of carbonaceous aerosols from crop residue burning during the summer harvest season in East China
Authors: Yao Huan , Song Yu , Liu Mingxu , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Lowe Douglas , McFiggans Gordon , Xu Tingting , Du Pin , Li Jianfeng , Wu Yusheng , Hu Min , Zhao Chun , Zhu Tong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. East China experiences extensive crop residue burnings in fields during harvest season. The direct radiative effect (DRE) of carbonaceous aerosols from crop residue burning in June 2013 in East China was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Absorption of organic aerosol (OA) in the presence of brown carbon was considered using the parameterization of Saleh et al. (2014), in which the imaginary part of the OA refractive index is a function of wavelength and the ratio of black carbon (BC) and OA. The carbonaceous emissions from crop fires were estimated using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire radiative power (FRP) product with a localized crop-burning-sourced BC-to-organic carbon (OC) ratio emission ratio of 0.27. Evaluation of the model results with in situ measurements of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2. 5) chemical composition, MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) detections and meteorological observations showed that this model was able to reproduce the magnitude, spatial variation and optical characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol pollution. The observed BC and OC peak concentrations at the site in Suixi, Anhui province, during the 2013 wheat burning season reached 55.3 µg m−3 and 157.9 µg m−3. WRF-Chem simulations reproduced these trends with a correlation coefficient of 0.74, estimating that crop residue burning contributed 86 and 90 % of peak BC and OC, respectively. The simulated hourly DRE from crop residue burning at the top of atmosphere (TOA) reached a maximum of +22.66 W m−2 at the Suixi site. On average, the simulations showed that the crop residue burning introduced a net positive DRE of +0.14 W m−2 at TOA throughout East China, with BC from this source as the main heating contributor (+0.79 W m−2). The OA DRE from crop burning (−0.22 W m−2) was a combined effect of the positive DRE of absorption (+0.21 W m−2) and a stronger negative DRE of scattering (−0.43 W m−2). Sensitivity tests showed that the DRE of OA absorption strongly depended on the imaginary part of the OA refractive index, the BC-to-OA emission ratio from crop residue burning and the assumed mixing state of the aerosol, whereby the volume mixing treatment resulted in a higher positive DRE compared to the core–shell treatment. The BC mixing state and associated absorption enhancement during BC aging processes will be investigated in detail in future research.
Validation of a new SAFRAN-based gridded precipitation product for Spain and comparisons to Spain02 and ERA-Interim
Authors: Quintana-Seguí Pere , Turco Marco , Herrera Sixto , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Offline land surface model (LSM) simulations are useful for studying the continental hydrological cycle. Because of the nonlinearities in the models, the results are very sensitive to the quality of the meteorological forcing; thus, high-quality gridded datasets of screen-level meteorological variables are needed. Precipitation datasets are particularly difficult to produce due to the inherent spatial and temporal heterogeneity of that variable. They do, however, have a large impact on the simulations, and it is thus necessary to carefully evaluate their quality in great detail. This paper reports the quality of two high-resolution precipitation datasets for Spain at the daily time scale: the new SAFRAN-based dataset and Spain02. SAFRAN is a meteorological analysis system that was designed to force LSMs and has recently been extended to the entirety of Spain for a long period of time (1979/1980–2013/2014). Spain02 is a daily precipitation dataset for Spain and was created mainly to validate regional climate models. In addition, ERA-Interim is included in the comparison to show the differences between local high-resolution and global low-resolution products. The study compares the different precipitation analyses with rain gauge data and assesses their temporal and spatial similarities to the observations. The validation of SAFRAN with independent data shows that this is a robust product. SAFRAN and Spain02 have very similar scores, although the latter slightly surpasses the former. The scores are robust with altitude and throughout the year, save perhaps in summer when a diminished skill is observed. As expected, SAFRAN and Spain02 perform better than ERA-Interim, which has difficulty capturing the effects of the relief on precipitation due to its low resolution. However, ERA-Interim reproduces spells remarkably well in contrast to the low skill shown by the high-resolution products. The high-resolution gridded products overestimate the number of precipitation days, which is a problem that affects SAFRAN more than Spain02 and is likely caused by the interpolation method. Both SAFRAN and Spain02 underestimate high precipitation events, but SAFRAN does so more than Spain02. The overestimation of low precipitation events and the underestimation of intense episodes will probably have hydrological consequences once the data are used to force a land surface or hydrological model.
Application of a new model using productivity coupled with hydrothermal factors (PCH) for evaluating net primary productivity of grassland in southern China
Authors: Sun Zheng-Guo , Liu Jie , Tang Hai-Yang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Grassland ecosystems play important roles in the global carbon cycle. The net primary productivity (NPP) of grassland ecosystems has become the hot spot of terrestrial ecosystems. To simulate grassland NPP in southern China, a new model using productivity coupled with hydrothermal factors (PCH) was built and validated based on data recorded from 2003 to 2014. The results show a logarithmic correlation between grassland NPP and mean annual temperature and a linear positive correlation between grassland NPP and mean annual precipitation in southern China, both highly significant relationships. There was a highly significant correlation between simulated and measured NPP (R2 = 0. 8027). Both RMSE and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) were relatively low, showing that the simulation results of the model were reliable. The NPP values in the study area had a decreasing trend from east to west and south to north. Mean NPP was 471.62 g C m−2 from 2003 to 2014. Additionally, the mean annual NPP of southern grassland presented a rising trend, increasing 3.49 g C m−2 yr−1 during the past 12 years. These results document performance and use of a new method to estimate the grassland NPP in southern China.
In Vivo Intraocular Pressure Monitoring during Microincision Vitrectomy with and without Active Control of Infusion Pressure
Authors: Yang Hyun S. , Yun Young I. , Park Jong H. , Choi Sangkyung , Woo Je M. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation during vitrectomy, we directly monitored IOP in vivo using 2 vitrectomy machines with or without constant infusion pressure monitoring and control. Methods Among 61 eyes of 61 consecutive patients, 32 were assigned to the Accurus system (group 1) and 29 were assigned to the Constellation system (group 2) in this prospective case series. The IOP fluctuations were evaluated during routine vitrectomy procedures. Results The initial IOP before vitrectomy was 20.3 ± 2.4 mm Hg in group 1 using a conventional vented gas forced infusion system and 20.0 ± 0.0 mm Hg in group 2 using active IOP control at 20 mm Hg (p = 0.532). However, the average IOP change during core vitrectomy was -8.6 ± 4.3 mm Hg in group 1 and -0.8 ± 1.1 in group 2 (p<00.001). Maximum IOP was significantly decreased in group 1 (-17.0 ± 2.6 mm Hg) compared with that in group 2 (-4.1 ± 2.2 mm Hg) (p<00.001). Partial ocular collapse was observed during vitrectomy only in group 1 (78.1%). Peak IOP significantly increased during scleral compression and gas and fluid injection but was not significantly different between the groups (all p≥0.147). The IOP fluctuation range was 50-70 mm Hg in both groups. Conclusions The IOP fluctuated significantly during routine vitrectomy using both systems. Hypotony and partial ocular collapse were more frequently observed during vitrectomy with the Accurus system than with the Constellation system. Both systems were vulnerable to IOP surge during indentation and intravitreal injection.
An Italian Translation and Validation of the near Activity Visual Questionnaire (NAVQ)
Authors: Zeri Fabrizio , Beltramo Isabella , Boccardo Laura , Palumbo Paolo , Petitti Vincenzo , Wolffsohn James S. , Naroo Shehzad A. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose To validate the Near Activity Vision Questionnaire (NAVQ) in Italian to allow the assessment of presbyopia corrections in Italian-speaking patients. Methods An Italian version of the NAVQ was arranged through several steps: an initial forward translation (from English to Italian), a backward translation (from Italian to English), and finally a consensual version to check against the original NAVQ. This prospective study enrolled native Italian-speaking presbyopic patients with corrected distance visual acuity of 0.20 logMAR or better in each eye and free of ocular anomalies. Six different groups of patients were asked to complete the questionnaire: emerging presbyopic patients, reading spectacle users, multifocal spectacle users, multifocal contact lens (CL) wearers, monovision CL wearers, and monofocal intraocular lens patients. Subjects were asked to answer the questionnaire again 2 weeks after the first completion. Results A total of 207 subjects completed the questionnaire. Data analysis showed good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.93) and factorial validity with only one factor explaining 62.0% of the variance. Test-retest reliability was extremely good (ICC = 0.92) as well as discriminatory power of the questionnaire's ability to discriminate between subjects with different forms of presbyopic correction. Conclusions The Italian version of the NAVQ matches the properties of the original English version. It is a valid instrument to evaluate near activity visual quality of presbyopic Italian speakers.