bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counterion‐Directed Assembly of Praseodymium(III) Compounds based on the Flexible Ligand 5‐Aminotetrazole‐1‐propionic Acid (Hatzp)
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Fei Fei , Wei Bo , Wu Qi , Cao Meng Jie , Bai Yu , Yang Gao Wen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDifferent kinds of counterions (such as NO3–, ClO4–, and Cl–) play a special role in controlling the framework of coordination compounds. Using this strategy, 5‐aminotetrazole‐1‐propionic acid (Hatzp) was selected to react with praseodymium(III) nitrate or perchlorate in the same solvent system, producing two different coordination compounds, [Pr2(atzp)4(H2O)8]·2NO3·2H2O (1) and [Pr2(atzp)6(H2O)2]·H2O (2). These compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that compound 1 displays a dinuclear structure, whereas 2 shows a one dimensional zigzag chain framework. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state.
Disadvantage and discrimination in self-employment: caste gaps in earnings in Indian small businesses
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini , Sharma Smriti 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUsing the 2004–2005 India Human Development Survey data, we estimate and decompose the earnings of household businesses owned by historically marginalized social groups known as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (SCSTs) and non-SCSTs across the earnings distribution. We find clear differences in characteristics between the two types of businesses with the former faring significantly worse. The mean decomposition reveals that as much as 55 % of the caste earnings gap could be attributed to the unexplained component. Quantile regressions suggest that gaps are higher at lower deciles, providing some evidence of a sticky floor. Finally, quantile decompositions reveal that the unexplained component is greater at the lower and middle deciles than higher, suggesting that SCST-owned businesses at the lower and middle end of the conditional earnings distribution face greater discrimination.
Preparation and Surface Activities of Modified Soy Protein–Dextrin Surfactants
Authors: Lin Li‐Huei , Lai Yu‐Ching , Chen Keng‐Ming , Li Cai‐Shan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA series of polymeric surfactants has been prepared through the reaction of soy protein with polyethoxylated stearyl ethers of various hydrophilic chain lengths. These surfactants exhibited surface activity, evaluated using surface tension, foaming, and wetting power that was superior to that of traditional surfactants containing only one hydrophobic moiety and one hydrophilic head group. Changing the ethoxylate (EO) group length had a significant effect on the surface activity. Increasing the EO group length decreased the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and increased the surface tension at the CMC (γCMC). The good surface properties of these polysaccharide/protein‐type surfactants suggest that they could be used as emulsifiers to prepare oil‐in‐water emulsions displaying good stability.
High‐Fat Diets Containing Different Amounts of n3 and n6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Mice
Authors: Sundaram Sneha , Bukowski Michael R. , Lie Wen‐Rong , Picklo Matthew J. , Yan Lin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDysregulation of adipokines is a hallmark of obesity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil may exert anti‐inflammatory effects on adipose tissue mitigating the dysregulation of adipokines thereby preventing obesity. This study investigated the effects of high‐fat diets containing different amounts of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on adiposity and adipokine production in mice. Mice were fed a low‐fat or a high‐fat diet with 16 or 45 % of energy from corn oil (low n3 PUFA) in comparison with a high‐fat diet containing soybean or high‐oleic sunflower oil (adequate n3 PUFA) or flaxseed or fish oil (high n3 PUFA) for 11 weeks. High‐fat diets, regardless of types of oils, significantly increased body fat mass and body weights compared to the low‐fat diet. Adipose fatty acid composition and contents reflected dietary fatty acid profiles. The high‐fat fish oil diet significantly increased adiponectin and reduced leptin concentrations in both plasma and adipose tissue; it did not elevate plasma insulin concentration compared to the high‐fat corn oil diet. All high‐fat diets elevated concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) but lowered resistin concentrations in both plasma and adipose tissue. In conclusion, fish oil may be beneficial in improving insulin sensitivity by upregulation of adiponectin and downregulation of leptin production; n3 and n6 PUFA do not play a role at the dietary levels tested in reducing adiposity and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (leptin, PAI‐1, MCP‐1 and resistin) and anti‐inflammatory cytokine adiponectin.
Patient-reported health status prior to cardiac resynchronisation therapy identifies patients at risk for poor survival and prolonged hospital stays
Authors: Versteeg H. , Denollet J. , Meine M. , Pedersen S.S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported factors have largely been neglected in search of predictors of response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). The current study aimed to examine the independent value of pre-implantation patient-reported health status in predicting four-year survival and cardiac-related hospitalisation of CRT patients.

Methods
Consecutive patients (N = 139) indicated to receive a first-time CRT-defibrillator at the University Medical Center Utrecht were asked to complete a set of questionnaires prior to implantation. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) was used to assess heart failure-specific health status. Data on patients’ demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics at baseline, and on cardiac-related hospitalisations and all-cause deaths during a median follow-up of 3.9 years were obtained from purpose-designed questionnaires and patients’ medical records.

Results
Results of multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that poor patient-reported health status (KCCQ score < 50) prior to implantation was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of cardiac hospitalisation or all-cause death, independent of sociodemographic, clinical and psychological risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio 2.46, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.30–4.65). Poor health status was not significantly associated with the absolute number of cardiac-related hospital admissions, but with the total number of days spent in hospital during follow-up (adjusted incidence rate ratio 3.20, 95 % CI 1.88–5.44).

Conclusions
Patient-reported health status assessed prior to CRT identifies patients at risk for poor survival and prolonged hospital stays, independent of traditional risk factors. These results emphasise the importance of incorporating health status measures in cardiovascular research and patient management. Heart failure patients reporting poor health status should be identified and offered appropriate additional treatment programs.
Effect of small roughness elements on thermal statistics of a turbulent boundary layer at moderate Reynolds number
Authors: Doosttalab Ali , Araya Guillermo , Newman Jensen , Adrian Ronald J. , Jansen Kenneth , Castillo Luciano 
Published: December 2015

A zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer flowing over a transitionally rough surface (24-grit sandpaper) with$k^{+}\approx 11$and a momentum-thickness Reynolds number of approximately 2400 is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Heat transfer between the isothermal rough surface and the turbulent flow with molecular Prandtl number$Pr=0.71$is simulated. The dynamic multiscale approach developed by Arayaet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 670, 2011, pp. 581–605) is employed to prescribe realistic time-dependent thermal inflow boundary conditions. In general, the rough surface reduces mean and fluctuating temperature profiles with respect to the smooth surface flow when normalized by Wang & Castillo (J. Turbul., vol. 4, 2003, 006) inner/outer scaling. It is shown that the Reynolds analogy does not hold for$y^{+}<9$. In this region the value of the turbulent Prandtl number departs substantially from unity. Above this region the Reynolds analogy is only approximately valid, with the turbulent Prandtl number decreasing from 1 to 0.7 across the boundary layer for rough and smooth walls. In comparison with the smooth-wall case, the turbulent transport of heat per unit mass,$\overline{v^{\prime }v^{\prime }{\it\theta}^{\prime }}$, towards the wall is enhanced in the buffer layer, but the transport of$\overline{v^{\prime }v^{\prime }{\it\theta}^{\prime }}$away from the wall is reduced in the outer layer for the rough case; similar behaviour is found for the vertical transport of turbulent momentum per unit mass,$\overline{v^{\prime }u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}$. Above the roughness sublayer (3$k$–5$k$) it is found that most of the temperature field statistics, including higher-order moments and conditional averages, are highly similar for the smooth and rough surface flow, showing that the Townsend’s Reynolds number similarity hypothesis applies for the thermal field as well as the velocity field for the Reynolds number and$k^{+}$considered in this study.
Doing good in public schools: Examining organisational citizenship behaviour in primary school teachers
Authors: Cheng Kuo-Tai 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOrganisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) plays a pivotal role in organisational success. This research explored factors hypothesised to facilitate OCB within a primary school context. Two studies using questionnaire survey’s explored: (i) OCB relative to personal differences and psychological contracts; (ii) the relationship between OCB and principals’ leadership frames. Primary school teachers were recruited and responses analysed from 547 and 488 respondents, respectively. Results from both studies combined suggest that the leadership style of the principal and the employee’s expectations of their role within the school strongly influence their OCB. This study identifies factors that influence the prevalence of OCB in primary school teachers and confirms that the new theoretical framework provides a useful heuristic for managers, human resource management policy makers and academic researchers alike.
Effects of the inclusion of flaxseed and quercetin in the diet of fattening lambs on ruminal microbiota,in vitrofermentation and biohydrogenation of fatty acids
Authors: ANDRÉS S. , BODAS R. , TEJIDO M. L. , GIRÁLDEZ F. J. , VALDÉS C. , LÓPEZ S. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYThirty-two lambs (n = 8 per treatment) were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) formulated either with palm oil (CTRL; 34 g palm oil/kg TMR) or flaxseed (FS) (85 g FS/kg TMR) alone or enriched with quercetin (QCT, 34 g palm oil plus 2 g QCT/kg TMR; FS-QCT, 85 g FS plus 2 g QCT/kg TMR). The animals were slaughtered after being fed for at least 5 weeks with the experimental diets and samples of ruminal contents and ruminal liquid were collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of ruminal microbial species and fatty acid profile orin vitrofermentation, respectively. Results demonstrated thatButyrivibriovaccenic acid (VA) andButyrivibriostearic acid (SA) producing bacteria copy numbers were decreased when FS was added to the diet of fattening lambs, which seemed to be in agreement with numerically (but not significantly) lower values for gas production, methane production and butyric acid duringin vitroincubation. Ciliate protozoa were significantly enhanced by QCT, which was in accordance with numerically (but not significantly) higher values forin vitromethane production. Moreover, the modifications observed in ruminal microbial populations (Butyrivibrioand ciliate protozoa) when FS and QCT were included together (but not separately) in the diet of fattening lambs were probably related to a trend towards significantly higher values of rumenic acid (RA) in ruminal content. In conclusion, when FS and QCT were administered together in the diet of fattening lambs quantitative changes in the ruminal microbiota were observed, which might have promoted an increment of RA concentration in ruminal contents.
We Are Here: Jesmyn Ward's Survival Narratives Response to Anna Hartnell, “When Cars Become Churches”
Authors: TRAVIS MOLLY 
Published: December 2015

Anna Hartnell's “When Cars Become Churches” begins by establishing a helpful context for understanding and fully appreciating the most recent gift to readers from Jesmyn Ward, her 2013 memoir titled Men We Reaped. In the wake of the tragedies of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, John Crawford III, and Eric Gordon, Ward's memoir is a critically important addition to our understanding of the fragility of the lives of young black men. These are lives that matter deeply to Ward and to the community of DeLisle, Mississippi – and because of Ward's fearless, honest, and emotionally searing story, they are lives that matter to her readers. She realizes one of the great achievements of literature: the transformation of the reader who looks at the other from a distance into a reader who sees with the other. As such, her work – especially Salvage the Bones and Men We Reaped – helps to enhance affective and cognitive understanding of others and cultivate moral imagination.
A Dialectical Definition of Conservatism
Authors: Alexander James 
Published: December 2015

AbstractConservatism is now often said to be a disposition. Against definitions of conservatism as a disposition, critics say that it is also an ideology, and against any such abstract definitions, that it is a historical entity. But no one has yet indicated how these criticisms can be used to improve the definition of conservatism. Here I argue that the dispositional understanding of conservatism, while not wrong in itself, is only the first and simplest element in what has to be an extended or dialectical definition of conservatism. This article is a statement of such a definition.
Cultural Patrimony, Political Identity, and Nationalism in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajala Aderemi Suleiman 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:The convergence of Yoruba nationals and the intensification of nationalism in southwestern Nigeria for self-assertion, political brokerage, and power relations in colonial and post-colonial eras were reinforced by the projection of Yoruba cultural heritage and patrimony expressed both in person and literary productions. Using textual analysis and observation, this paper examines some aspects of cultural heritage and Yoruba nationalism and how cultural heritage created patrimony, the sense of a nation, established civic virtue, and formed local (re)publics in southwestern Nigeria. The present discourse further examines how cultural patrimony is used to echo Yoruba sense of marginalization and political superiority in Nigeria. The paper further argues that most of this cultural heritage addresses a fairly well-defined audience, most especially those sympathetic to Yoruba nationalism and politics. Thus, cultural heritage and patrimony are active agents of nationalism and political identity in southwestern Nigeria.
Group A streptococcal strains isolated in Lao People's Democratic Republic from 2004 to 2013
Authors: RATTANAVONG S. , DANCE D. A. B. , DAVONG V. , BAKER C. , FROST H. , PHETSOUVANH R. , VONGSOUVATH M. , NEWTON P. N. , STEER A. C. , SMEESTERS P. R. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYEpidemiological data regarding group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in South East Asia are scarce with no information from Laos. We characterized emm types, emm clusters and the antibiotic resistance profile of 124 GAS isolates recovered in Laos during 2004–2013. Most strains were recovered from skin and invasive infections (76% and 19%, respectively). Thirty-four emm types were identified as belonging to 12 emm clusters and no novel emm types were identified. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of emm types or emm clusters according to age or site of recovery (skin or invasive infections). There was moderate strain diversity in this country but considerable differences in emm-type distribution between Laos, Thailand and Cambodia. Vaccine coverage was high for the J8 vaccine candidate. The theoretical coverage for the 30-valent vaccine candidate needs further investigation. Antibiotic resistance was moderate to erythromycin and chloramphenicol (8% and 7%, respectively) and low to ofloxacin (<1%).
A multidomain cascade model of early childhood risk factors associated with oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in a community sample of 6-year-olds
Authors: Lavigne John V. , Gouze Karen R. , Hopkins Joyce , Bryant Fred B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe present study examined a cascade model of age 4 and 5 contextual, parent, parenting, and child factors on symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) at age 6 in a diverse community sample of 796 children. Contextual factors include socioeconomic status, family stress, and conflict; parent factors included parental depression; parenting factors included parental hostility, support, and scaffolding skills; child factors included child effortful control (EC), negative affect (NA), and sensory regulation. Direct effects of age 5 conflict, hostility, scaffolding, EC, and NA were found. Significant indirect, cascading effects on age 6 ODD symptom levels were noted for age 4 socioeconomic status via age 5 conflict and scaffolding skills; age 4 parental depression via age 5 child NA; age 4 parental hostility and support via age 5 EC; age 4 support via age 5 EC; and age 4 attachment via age 5 EC. Parenting contributed to EC, and the age 5 EC effects on subsequent ODD symptom levels were distinct from age 5 parental contributions. Scaffolding and ODD symptoms may have a reciprocal relationship. These results highlight the importance of using a multidomain model to examine factors associated with ODD symptoms early in the child's grammar school years.
Improvised Neonatal Care–Realizing the Gaps in a Disaster Zone
Authors: Mendlovic Joseph , Albukrek Dov , Dagan David , Merin Ofer , Weiser Giora 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe treatment of newborns in a disaster zone can be extremely challenging. The effects of the disaster combine with local health care disparity to give these neonates little chance of survival in the event of even minor complications. Rescue teams arriving at such locations must be prepared to handle and to aid these difficult situations using improvisation and ingenuity to overcome many of the unexpected hurdles. A discussion of the difficulties faced in the Philippines following a typhoon and recommendations for future teams are presented.MendlovicJ,AlbukrekD,DaganD,MerinO,WeiserG.Improvised neonatal care‒realizing the gaps in a disaster zone.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(1):111–113.
Pre-deployment Heat Acclimatization Guidelines for Disaster Responders
Authors: Brearley Matt B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionMinimal preparation time is a feature of responding to sudden onset disasters. While equipment and supplies are prepared for deployment at short notice, less is known of the physical preparation of medical responders. With many disaster-prone areas classified as tropical regions, there is potential for responders to endure a combination of high ambient temperatures and relative humidity during deployment. Heat acclimatization, defined as the physiological and perceptual adaptations to frequent elevations of core body temperature (Tc), is a key strategy to improve tolerance of hot conditions by medical responders.MethodsPre-deployment heat acclimatization guidelines were developed based upon the duration of physical training and the subjective rate of perceived exertion (session RPE). An objective of individual training sessions was the perception of body temperature as warm to hot. The guidelines were implemented for Team Bravo (2nd rotation) of the Australian Medical Assistance Team (AusMAT) deployed to Tacloban, Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan in November 2013. The guidelines were distributed electronically five to seven days prior to deployment and were followed by a consultation. A group training session in hot conditions was undertaken prior to departure.ResultsThe AusMAT responders to utilize the guidelines were based in cool or temperate climates that required extra layers of clothing, training during warmer parts of the days, or warm indoor conditions to achieve session objectives. Responders reported the guidelines were simple to use, applicable to their varied training regimens, and had improved their confidence to work in the heat despite not completing the entire 14 day period.ConclusionThe pre-deployment heat acclimatization guidelines provided AusMAT responders the ability to quantify their physical training and promoted physiological adaptations to maximize health, safety, and performance during deployment. While maintaining year-round heat acclimatization is considered essential for medical responders, these guidelines may facilitate beneficial adaptations once notified of deployment.BrearleyMB. Pre-deployment heat acclimatization guidelines for disaster responders. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):85–89.
Neuropsychological Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Preschoolers Exposed to Tiered Low Oxygen Targets: An Observational Study
Authors: Baron Ida Sue , Weiss Brandi A. , Baker Robin , Ahronovich Margot D. , Litman Fern R. , Baveja Rajiv 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn observational study of neuropsychological outcomes at preschool age of tiered lowered oxygen (O2) saturation targets in extremely preterm neonates. We studied 111 three-year-olds born <28 weeks’ gestational age. Fifty-nine participants born in 2009–2010 during a time-limited quality improvement initiative each received three-tiered stratification of oxygen rates (83–93% until age 32 weeks, 85–95% until age 35 weeks, and 95% after age 35 weeks), the TieredO2group. Comparisons were made with 52 participants born in 2007–2008 when pre-initiative saturation targets were non-tiered at 89–100%, the Non-tieredO2group. Neuropsychological domains included general intellectual, executive, attention, language, visuoperceptual, visual-motor, and fine and gross motor functioning. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. Group comparisons were not statistically significant. Descriptively, the TieredO2group had better general intellectual, executive function, visual-motor, and motor performance and the Non-tieredO2group had better language performance. Cohen’sdand confidence intervals arounddwere in similar direction and magnitude across measures. A large effect size was found for recall of digits-forward in participants born at 23 and 24 weeks’ gestation,d=0.99 and 1.46, respectively. Better TieredO2outcomes in all domains except language suggests that the tiered oxygen saturation target method is not harmful and merits further investigation through further studies. Benefit in auditory attention appeared greatest in those born at 23 and 24 weeks. Participants in the tiered oxygen saturation group also had fewer ventilation days and a lower incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, perhaps explanatory for these neuropsychological outcomes at age 3. (JINS, 2015,21, 322–331)