bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation for Cataract with Keratoconus: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Kamiya Kazutaka , Iijima Kei , Nobuyuki Shoji , Mori Yosai , Miyata Kazunori , Yamaguchi Takefumi , Shimazaki Jun , Watanabe Shinya , Maeda Naoyuki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed to assess the predictability of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation after cataract surgery for keratoconus. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of 102 eyes of 71 consecutive keratoconic patients who developed cataract. We determined manifest spherical equivalent, prediction errors, and absolute errors, 1 month postoperatively. The achieved refraction was significantly more hyperopic than the targeted refraction, when keratometric readings were used (p = 0.001). At 1 month, 36% and 63% of the eyes were within ±0.5 and ±1.0 D, respectively, of the targeted correction. We found a significant correlation between the prediction error and the mean keratometry (Pearson correlation coefficient r =−0.545, p < 0.001). No vision-threatening complications occurred in any case. The achieved refraction was significantly more myopic than the targeted refraction, when total corneal refractive power was used (p = 0.013). Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation appeared to be safe and effective, and the accuracy was also good in mild keratoconus, but not in severe keratoconus. It should be noted that that a large amount of hyperopic shift occurred especially in advanced keratoconic patients, when keratometric readings were used for IOL power calculation, and that a slight, but significant, myopic shift occurred, when total corneal refractive power was used.
Recombinant human B cell repertoires enable screening for rare, specific, and natively paired antibodies
Authors: Rajan Saravanan , Kierny Michael R. , Mercer Andrew , Wu Jincheng , Tovchigrechko Andrey , Wu Herren , Dall′Acqua William F. , Xiao Xiaodong , Chowdhury Partha S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe human antibody repertoire is increasingly being recognized as a valuable source of therapeutic grade antibodies. However, methods for mining primary antibody-expressing B cells are limited in their ability to rapidly isolate rare and antigen-specific binders. Here we show the encapsulation of two million primary B cells into picoliter-sized droplets, where their cognate V genes are fused in-frame to form a library of scFv cassettes. We used this approach to construct natively paired phage-display libraries from healthy donors and drove selection towards cross-reactive antibodies targeting influenza hemagglutinin. Within 4 weeks we progressed from B cell isolation to a panel of unique monoclonal antibodies, including seven that displayed broad reactivity to different clinically relevant influenza hemagglutinin subtypes. Most isolated antibody sequences were not detected by next-generation sequencing of the paired repertoire, illustrating how this method can isolate extremely rare leads not likely found by existing technologies.
High output power 243 GHz voltage controlled oscillator in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process
Authors: Zhou Peigen , Chen Jixin , Yan Pinpin , Hou Debin , Hong Wei 
Published: January 2018

A four‐stage fundamental ring oscillator based on 130 nm SiGe HBT technology is reported. By utilising a novel ground wall decoupling structure as well as a step impedance conversion structure, the generated output power is optimised. The fundamental VCO has a measured peak output power of −1.4 dBm at 243 GHz. The output frequency could be tuned from 237.2 to 249.8 GHz with a tuning range of 5.18%. The core size of the oscillator is only 40 × 80 μm2. The peak DC‐to‐RF efficiency is 1.95% at a 0.94 V power supply. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed VCO achieves the highest output power compared with the other silicon‐based fundamental oscillators over 200 GHz.
Fast‐response full‐wave inductor current sensor for 10 MHz buck converter
Authors: Zhou Yong , Zheng Yanqi , Leung Ka Nang 
Published: January 2018

A sense‐FET‐based inductor current sensor for a buck converter operating in 10 MHz switching frequency is reported in this Letter. The proposed sensor utilises an adaptive gm‐boosting amplifier to maintain stable current sensing loop gain and bandwidth over a wide range of load current. Moreover, a mirrored source‐degeneration output stage is introduced to further eliminate the bandwidth variation by loading change and achieves full‐wave current sensing with smooth transition between the sensed peak and valley currents as the inductor is energised and de‐energised. Simulation results show high sensing accuracy better than 96.8% with inductor current varying from 200 mA to 2 A. Furthermore, the settling time is <6 ns during the state transition between peak and valley current sensing with low‐voltage spikes.
Detection of X-ray flares from
AX J1714.1−3912,
the unidentified source near
RX J1713.7−3946
Authors: Miceli Marco , Bamba Aya 
Published: January 2018

Context. Molecular clouds are predicted to emit nonthermal X-rays when they are close to particle-accelerating supernova remnants (SNRs), and the hard X-ray source AX J1714.1−3912, near the SNR RX J1713.7−3946, has long been considered a candidate for diffuse nonthermal emission associated with cosmic rays diffusing from the remnant to a closeby molecular cloud.
Aim. We aim at ascertaining the nature of this source by analyzing two dedicated X-ray observations performed with Suzaku and Chandra.
Methods. We extracted images from the data in various energy bands, spectra, and light curves and studied the long-term evolution of the X-ray emission on the basis of the ~4.5 yr time separation between the two observations.
Results. We found that there is no diffuse emission associated with AX J1714.1−3912, which is instead the point-like source CXOU J171343.9−391205. We discovered rapid time variability (timescale ~ 103 s), together with a high intrinsic absorption and a hard nonthermal spectrum (power law with photon index Γ ~ 1.4). We also found that the X-ray flux of the source drops down by 1–2 orders of magnitude on a timescale of a few years.
Conclusions. Our results suggest a possible association between AX J1714.1−3912 and a previously unknown supergiant fast X-ray transient, although further follow-up observations are necessary to prove this association definitively.
Therapeutic Assessment of Vulvar Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions with CO2 Laser Vaporization in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Ribalta Julisa Chamorro Lascasas , Mateussi Mariana Vendramin , Speck Neila Maria de Góis 
Published: January 2018

Objective A vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesion is deemed to be a preceding lesion to vulvar cancer, especially in women aged under 40 years, holders of an acquired or idiopathic immunosuppression. Several treatments have been used to treat these lesions. One of the aesthetically acceptable therapeutic methods is the CO2 laser vaporization.
Methods In a transversal study, 46 records of immunosuppressed women bearing a vulvar low grade and/or high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were selected out of the retrospective analysis, computing age, date of record, date of vulvar lesion treatment with CO2 laser, the time elapsed between the first and the last visit (in months), the number of visits, the presence or absence of condylomatous lesions in other female lower genital tract sites and whether or not recurrences and persistence of intraepithelial lesions have been noticed during the follow-up.
Results Patients bearing vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and immunosuppressed (serum positive for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] or with solid organs transplantation) have shown a higher level of persistence of lesions and a higher chance of having other areas of the female lower genital tract involved.
Conclusion While the CO2 laser vaporization is the most conservative method for the treatment of vulvar high-grade intraepithelial lesions, it is far from being the ideal method, due to the intrinsic infection features considered. The possibility of persistence, recurrences and spontaneous limited regression indicates that a closer surveillance in the long-term treated cases should be considered, in special for immunosuppressed patients.
Developing Deep Learning Applications for Life Science and Pharma Industry
Authors: Siegismund Daniel , Tolkachev Vasily , Heyse Stephan , Sick Beate , Duerr Oliver , Steigele Stephan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeep Learning has boosted artificial intelligence over the past 5 years and is seen now as one of the major technological innovation areas, predicted to replace lots of repetitive, but complex tasks of human labor within the next decade. It is also expected to be ‘game changing’ for research activities in pharma and life sciences, where large sets of similar yet complex data samples are systematically analyzed. Deep learning is currently conquering formerly expert domains especially in areas requiring perception, previously not amenable to standard machine learning. A typical example is the automated analysis of images which are typically produced en-masse in many domains, e. g., in high-content screening or digital pathology. Deep learning enables to create competitive applications in so-far defined core domains of ‘human intelligence’. Applications of artificial intelligence have been enabled in recent years by (i) the massive availability of data samples, collected in pharma driven drug programs (=‘big data’) as well as (ii) deep learning algorithmic advancements and (iii) increase in compute power. Such applications are based on software frameworks with specific strengths and weaknesses. Here, we introduce typical applications and underlying frameworks for deep learning with a set of practical criteria for developing production ready solutions in life science and pharma research. Based on our own experience in successfully developing deep learning applications we provide suggestions and a baseline for selecting the most suited frameworks for a future-proof and cost-effective development.
Verordnungspraxis und Risiken von Protonenpumpenblockern – Fiktion und Fakten
Authors: Koop Herbert 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDerzeit werden ein nicht-indikationsgerechter Einsatz und potenzielle Risiken einer Therapie mit Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPI) intensiv diskutiert. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beleuchtet kritisch das Verschreibungsverhalten bzgl. PPI in Praxis und Klinik, zeigt Exit-Strategien aus einer langfristigen PPI-Behandlung auf und evaluiert kritisch das Risikoprofil von PPI.
In Vitro and In Situ Absorption and Metabolism of Sesquiterpenes from Petasites hybridus Extracts
Authors: Disch Lucia , Forsch Kristina , Siewert Beate , Drewe Jürgen , Fricker Gert 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Petasites hybridus extract is used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the active constituent petasin and its isomers isopetasin and neopetasin (petasins) in the P. hybridus extract Ze 339 for liberation, dissolution, absorption, and metabolism. The determination of pH-dependent thermodynamic solubility was performed via the shake-flask method. Petasins exhibited a low solubility that was pH independent. In vivo, the concentration of solute drugs is decreased continuously by intestinal absorption. Therefore, low solubility is not assumed to be critical for in vivo performance. Additionally, dissolution of an herbal medicinal product containing P. hybridus extract Ze 339 was assessed. Furthermore, high permeability through Caco-2 monolayers was evident. Using an in situ rat model, absorption capacity for petasins was found in all tested intestinal segments, namely, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Besides, high metabolism was evident both in Caco-2 monolayers and in the rat intestine. To compare intestinal and hepatic metabolism of petasins, in vitro enzyme assays using liver and intestinal cytosol and microsomes (S9 fraction) of rats and humans were performed. A significantly higher metabolic rate was found in the liver S9 fraction of both species compared with the intestinal S9 fraction.
Laminar recordings in frontal cortex suggest distinct layers for maintenance and control of working memory
Authors: Bastos André M. , Loonis Roman , Kornblith Simon , Lundqvist Mikael , Miller Earl K. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The anatomy and dynamics of different layers of the cerebral cortex are distinct. Physiological work in the sensory cortex has investigated how different layers process sensory inputs, and how they are engaged during attention tasks. In the frontal and prefrontal cortices, where lamination is present, very few studies have investigated the role of distinct layers for cognition. We studied frontal cortex laminar neuronal activity as monkeys performed working memory tasks. Spiking and gamma-band activity (50–150 Hz) in the superficial layers reflected active maintenance of working memories. Alpha/beta frequencies (4–22 Hz) in the deep layers modulated the gamma activity in the superficial layers. This might serve a control function, allowing information to enter or exit active storage in superficial layers.
Pulsating dissolution of crystalline matter
Authors: Fischer Cornelius , Luttge Andreas 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The reaction of crystalline material with fluids is of relevance for natural and technical processes. A basic assumption has been that the reaction products are continuously released from the crystal surface. New experimental and analytical results show something fundamentally different: Material is released in a series of reaction pulses. Applied and theoretical implications impact both the upscaling of crystal dissolution kinetics, and more importantly, the problem of how dissolution and growth are connected via the equilibrium state. These results challenge the prevailing view that crystal dissolution is simply the inverse process of continuous crystal growth at crystal dislocations. Consequently, we need to examine how macroscopic crystal equilibrium reflects continuous or discontinuous processes in the microscopic state.
DNA synthesis from diphosphate substrates by DNA polymerases
Authors: Burke Cassandra R. , Lupták Andrej 
Published: January 2018

Significance
All extant cellular organisms are thought to replicate their genomes using triphosphorylated substrates (dNTPs). Because only the α-phosphate is retained in the DNA backbone, both dNTPs and diphosphates (dNDPs) can in principle drive DNA synthesis. The activation barrier for the transphosphorylation is expected to be higher for dNDPs than for dNTPs, rendering the dNDP reactions slower; however, at elevated temperatures this penalty may be less prohibitive. We demonstrate DNA synthesis from dNDPs for a number of DNA polymerases, including bacterial and archaeal replicative and repair enzymes. Activation energy analysis of the forward (DNA synthesis) and reverse (phosphorolysis of DNA) reactions catalyzed by the Taq DNA polymerase shows that DNA synthesis is strongly favored, allowing surprisingly robust replication from low-energy substrates.
Ultrafast imaging of cell elasticity with optical microelastography
Authors: Grasland-Mongrain Pol , Zorgani Ali , Nakagawa Shoma , Bernard Simon , Paim Lia Gomes , Fitzharris Greg , Catheline Stefan , Cloutier Guy 
Published: January 2018

Significance
In wave physics, and especially seismology, uncorrelated vibrations could be exploited using “noise correlation” tools to reconstruct images of a medium. By using a high-frequency vibration, a high-speed tracking device, and a reconstruction technique based on temporal correlations of travelling waves we conceptualized an optical microelastography technique to map elasticity of internal cellular structures. This technique, unlike other methods, can provide an elasticity image in less than a millisecond, thus opening the possibility of studying dynamic cellular processes and elucidating new mechanocellular properties. We call this proposed technique “cell quake elastography.”
Cooperation, clustering, and assortative mixing in dynamic networks
Authors: Melamed David , Harrell Ashley , Simpson Brent 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Understanding the patterns and processes of human cooperation is of central scientific importance. Networks can promote cooperation when their existing or emergent topology allows conditional cooperators in the network to isolate themselves from exploitation by noncooperators. We do not know from prior work whether the emergent structures that promote cooperation are driven by reputation or can emerge purely via dynamics, i.e., the severing of ties to noncooperators and the formation of new ties irrespective of reputational information. Here we demonstrate, experimentally, that dynamic networks yield very high rates of cooperation even without reputational knowledge. Further, we identify realistic conditions under which static networks (where ties cannot be altered) yield cooperation rates as high as those in dynamic networks.
Probabilistic switching circuits in DNA
Authors: Wilhelm Daniel , Bruck Jehoshua , Qian Lulu 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Biological organisms exhibit sophisticated control over the stochastic states of individual cells, but the understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms remains incomplete. It has been argued that unbiased choices are easy to achieve, but choices biased with specific probabilities are much harder. These natural phenomena raise an engineering challenge: Does there exist a simple method to program molecular systems that control arbitrary probabilities for individual molecular events? Here we show a molecular circuit architecture, using just a simple DNA strand displacement building block that functions as an unbiased switch, for creating a circuit output with any desired probability. We constructed several DNA circuits with multiple layers and feedback, demonstrating complex molecular information processing that exploits the inherent stochasticity of molecular interactions.
Coding of episodic memory in the human hippocampus
Authors: Wixted John T. , Goldinger Stephen D. , Squire Larry R. , Kuhn Joel R. , Papesh Megan H. , Smith Kris A. , Treiman David M. , Steinmetz Peter N. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Neurocomputational models hold that episodic memories are represented by sparse, stimulus-specific neural codes. In tests of episodic memory, single-unit recording studies of the human hippocampus have found neurons that operate as general novelty detectors or general familiarity detectors. Here, we investigated whether neurons can be found that sparsely code some recently studied items and not others. In the left hippocampus, but not the amygdala, we found that small fractions of neurons exhibited strong responses to specific repeated words. The remaining large fractions of neurons exhibited a concurrent reduction in firing rates relative to novel words. Both findings are consistent with predictions made by neurocomputational models of how episodic memory is coded in the hippocampus.
Flexibility of thought in high creative individuals represented by percolation analysis
Authors: Kenett Yoed N. , Levy Orr , Kenett Dror Y. , Stanley H. Eugene , Faust Miriam , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceCreative thinking requires flexibility, which facilitates the creation of novel and innovative ideas. However, so far its role in creativity has been measured via indirect measures. We propose a quantitative measure of flexibility based on the robustness of semantic memory networks to attack, assuming that the higher robustness, the higher the flexibility of the network. We show how the semantic network of high creative individuals is more robust to attack, thus more flexible. This is a direct computational investigation on flexibility of semantic memory and creativity. Our approach can be applied to more general questions such as high-level cognitive capacities and clinical populations suffering from atypical thought processes.
Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients
Authors: Feng Gangyi , Ingvalson Erin M. , Grieco-Calub Tina M. , Roberts Megan Y. , Ryan Maura E. , Birmingham Patrick , Burrowes Delilah , Young Nancy M. , Wong Patrick C. M. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The ability to accurately predict speech improvement for young children who use cochlear implants (CIs) would be a first step in the development of a personalized therapy to enhance language development. Despite decades of outcome research, no useful clinical prediction tool exists. An accurate predictive model that relies on routinely obtained presurgical neuroanatomic data has the potential to transform clinical practice while enhancing our understanding of neural organization resulting from auditory deprivation. Using presurgical MRI neuroanatomical data and multivariate pattern analysis techniques, we found that neural systems that were unaffected by auditory deprivation best predicted young CI candidates’ postsurgical speech-perception outcomes. Our study provides an example of how research in cognitive neuroscience can inform basic science and lead to clinical application.
Streamlined circular proximity ligation assay provides high stringency and compatibility with low-affinity antibodies
Authors: Jalili Roxana , Horecka Joe , Swartz James R. , Davis Ronald W. , Persson Henrik H. J. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Quantitative detection of protein biomarkers over a wide concentration range from minute amounts of blood is essential for clinical diagnostics. Proximity ligation assay combines antibody–oligo conjugates, enzymatic ligation, and PCR amplification into a sensitive method for quantitative protein detection from small volumes. This report describes a streamlined and more stringent assay format that takes advantage of DNA circle formation to remove unwanted DNA molecules. Kinetic analysis of antibody–antigen interactions shows that variation in assay performance between various biomarkers is an effect of antibody quality. We show that this assay format enables compatibility with low-affinity reagents, a major limitation for most protein quantitation methods, while improving sensitivity and reproducibility.
Global spectral clustering in dynamic networks
Authors: Liu Fuchen , Choi David , Xie Lu , Roeder Kathryn 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Statistical theory has mostly focused on static networks observed as a single snapshot in time. In reality, networks are generally dynamic, and it is of substantial interest to discover the clusters within each network to visualize and model their connectivities. We propose the persistent communities by eigenvector smoothing algorithm for detecting time-varying community structure and apply it to a recent dataset in which gene expression is measured during a broad range of developmental periods in rhesus monkey brains. The analysis suggests the existence of change points as well as periods of persistent community structure; these are not well estimated by standard methods due to the small sample size of any one developmental period or region of the brain.