bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proposed analytic framework for determining the impact of an antimicrobial resistance intervention
Authors: Grohn Yrjo T. , Carson Carolee , Lanzas Cristina , Pullum Laura , Stanhope Michael , Volkova Victoriya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAntimicrobial use (AMU) is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The FDA is implementing risk mitigation measures promoting prudent AMU in food animals. Their evaluation is crucial: the AMU/AMR relationship is complex; a suitable framework to analyze interventions is unavailable. Systems science analysis, depicting variables and their associations, would help integrate mathematics/epidemiology to evaluate the relationship. This would identify informative data and models to evaluate interventions. This National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis AMR Working Group's report proposes a system framework to address the methodological gap linking livestock AMU and AMR in foodborne bacteria. It could evaluate how AMU (and interventions) impact AMR. We will evaluate pharmacokinetic/dynamic modeling techniques for projecting AMR selection pressure on enteric bacteria. We study two methods to model phenotypic AMR changes in bacteria in the food supply and evolutionary genotypic analyses determining molecular changes in phenotypic AMR. Systems science analysis integrates the methods, showing how resistance in the food supply is explained by AMU and concurrent factors influencing the whole system. This process is updated with data and techniques to improve prediction and inform improvements for AMU/AMR surveillance. Our proposed framework reflects both the AMR system's complexity, and desire for simple, reliable conclusions.
Staging Overcoming: Narratives of Disability and Meritocracy in Reality Singing Competitions
Authors: CHENG WILLIAM 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith the American Dream seizing center stage, reality television competitions often feature disabled auditionees and their moving tales of overcoming adversity. Musical—and frequently singing—abilities potentially normalize and envoice contestants while silencing vital conversations about the exploitation, stigmatization, and corporate politics at work in these seductive narratives. How do chronicles of overcoming overcome consumers? And how might inspiration porn about disability disable beholders’ emotional, intellectual, and rhetorical faculties? As fans and scholars resist or succumb to the tearfulness induced by sentimental stories, they must chart tricky routes through the heady skepticism of Scylla and the naïve waterworks of Charybdis.
Convergence of gut microbiotas in the adaptive radiations of African cichlid fishes
Authors: Baldo Laura , Pretus Joan Lluís , Riera Joan Lluís , Musilova Zuzana , Bitja Nyom Arnold Roger , Salzburger Walter 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Ecoevolutionary dynamics of the gut microbiota at the macroscale level, that is, in across-species comparisons, are largely driven by ecological variables and host genotype. The repeated explosive radiations of African cichlid fishes in distinct lakes, following a dietary diversification in a context of reduced genetic diversity, provide a natural setup to explore convergence, divergence and repeatability in patterns of microbiota dynamics as a function of the host diet, phylogeny and environment. Here we characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing the gut microbiota of 29 cichlid species from two distinct lakes/radiations (Tanganyika and Barombi Mbo) and across a broad dietary and phylogenetic range. Within each lake, a significant deviation between a carnivorous and herbivorous lifestyle was found. Herbivore species were characterized by an increased bacterial taxonomic and functional diversity and converged in key compositional and functional community aspects. Despite a significant lake effect on the microbiota structure, this process has occurred with remarkable parallels in the two lakes. A metabolic signature most likely explains this trend, as indicated by a significant enrichment in herbivores/omnivores of bacterial taxa and functions associated with fiber degradation and detoxification of plant chemical compounds. Overall, compositional and functional aspects of the gut microbiota individually and altogether validate and predict main cichlid dietary habits, suggesting a fundamental role of gut bacteria in cichlid niche expansion and adaptation.
Experimental evolution and the dynamics of adaptation and genome evolution in microbial populations
Authors: Lenski Richard E 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Evolution is an on-going process, and it can be studied experimentally in organisms with rapid generations. My team has maintained 12 populations of Escherichia coli in a simple laboratory environment for &gt;25 years and 60 000 generations. We have quantified the dynamics of adaptation by natural selection, seen some of the populations diverge into stably coexisting ecotypes, described changes in the bacteria’s mutation rate, observed the new ability to exploit a previously untapped carbon source, characterized the dynamics of genome evolution and used parallel evolution to identify the genetic targets of selection. I discuss what the future might hold for this particular experiment, briefly highlight some other microbial evolution experiments and suggest how the fields of experimental evolution and microbial ecology might intersect going forward.
Mutant KRAS promotes malignant pleural effusion formation
Authors: Agalioti Theodora , Giannou Anastasios D. , Krontira Anthi C. , Kanellakis Nikolaos I. , Kati Danai , Vreka Malamati , Pepe Mario , Spella Magda , Lilis Ioannis , Zazara Dimitra E. , Nikolouli Eirini , Spiropoulou Nikolitsa , Papadakis Andreas , Papadia Konstantina , Voulgaridis Apostolos , Harokopos Vaggelis , Stamou Panagiota , Meiners Silke , Eickelberg Oliver , Snyder Linda A. , Antimisiaris Sophia G. , Kardamakis Dimitrios , Psallidas Ioannis , Marazioti Antonia , Stathopoulos Georgios T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) is the lethal consequence of various human cancers metastatic to the pleural cavity. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of MPE are still obscure. Here we show that mutant KRAS is important for MPE induction in mice. Pleural disseminated, mutant KRAS bearing tumour cells upregulate and systemically release chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) into the bloodstream to mobilize myeloid cells from the host bone marrow to the pleural space via the spleen. These cells promote MPE formation, as indicated by splenectomy and splenocyte restoration experiments. In addition, KRAS mutations are frequently detected in human MPE and cell lines isolated thereof, but are often lost during automated analyses, as indicated by manual versus automated examination of Sanger sequencing traces. Finally, the novel KRAS inhibitor deltarasin and a monoclonal antibody directed against CCL2 are equally effective against an experimental mouse model of MPE, a result that holds promise for future efficient therapies against the human condition.
Voltage-controlled interlayer coupling in perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Newhouse-Illige T. , Liu Yaohua , Xu M. , Reifsnyder Hickey D. , Kundu A. , Almasi H. , Bi Chong , Wang X. , Freeland J. W. , Keavney D. J. , Sun C. J. , Xu Y. H. , Rosales M. , Cheng X. M. , Zhang Shufeng , Mkhoyan K. A. , Wang W. G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMagnetic interlayer coupling is one of the central phenomena in spintronics. It has been predicted that the sign of interlayer coupling can be manipulated by electric fields, instead of electric currents, thereby offering a promising low energy magnetization switching mechanism. Here we present the experimental demonstration of voltage-controlled interlayer coupling in a new perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction system with a GdOx tunnel barrier, where a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a sizable tunnelling magnetoresistance have been achieved at room temperature. Owing to the interfacial nature of the magnetism, the ability to move oxygen vacancies within the barrier, and a large proximity-induced magnetization of GdOx, both the magnitude and the sign of the interlayer coupling in these junctions can be directly controlled by voltage. These results pave a new path towards achieving energy-efficient magnetization switching by controlling interlayer coupling.
Actin stress fiber organization promotes cell stiffening and proliferation of pre-invasive breast cancer cells
Authors: Tavares Sandra , Vieira André Filipe , Taubenberger Anna Verena , Araújo Margarida , Martins Nuno Pimpao , Brás-Pereira Catarina , Polónia António , Herbig Maik , Barreto Clara , Otto Oliver , Cardoso Joana , Pereira-Leal José B. , Guck Jochen , Paredes Joana , Janody Florence 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStudies of the role of actin in tumour progression have highlighted its key contribution in cell softening associated with cell invasion. Here, using a human breast cell line with conditional Src induction, we demonstrate that cells undergo a stiffening state prior to acquiring malignant features. This state is characterized by the transient accumulation of stress fibres and upregulation of Ena/VASP-like (EVL). EVL, in turn, organizes stress fibres leading to transient cell stiffening, ERK-dependent cell proliferation, as well as enhancement of Src activation and progression towards a fully transformed state. Accordingly, EVL accumulates predominantly in premalignant breast lesions and is required for Src-induced epithelial overgrowth in Drosophila. While cell softening allows for cancer cell invasion, our work reveals that stress fibre-mediated cell stiffening could drive tumour growth during premalignant stages. A careful consideration of the mechanical properties of tumour cells could therefore offer new avenues of exploration when designing cancer-targeting therapies.
Controlling photophysical properties of ultrasmall conjugated polymer nanoparticles through polymer chain packing
Authors: Piwoński Hubert , Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Habuchi Satoshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractApplications of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) for imaging and sensing depend on their size, fluorescence brightness and intraparticle energy transfer. The molecular design of conjugated polymers (CPs) has been the main focus of the development of Pdots. Here we demonstrate that proper control of the physical interactions between the chains is as critical as the molecular design. The unique design of twisted CPs and fine-tuning of the reprecipitation conditions allow us to fabricate ultrasmall (3.0–4.5 nm) Pdots with excellent photostability. Extensive photophysical and structural characterization reveals the essential role played by the packing of the polymer chains in the particles in the intraparticle spatial alignment of the emitting sites, which regulate the fluorescence brightness and the intraparticle energy migration efficiency. Our findings enhance understanding of the relationship between chain interactions and the photophysical properties of CP nanomaterials, providing a framework for designing and fabricating functional Pdots for imaging applications.
An allosteric site in the T-cell receptor Cβ domain plays a critical signalling role
Authors: Natarajan Kannan , McShan Andrew C. , Jiang Jiansheng , Kumirov Vlad K , Wang Rui , Zhao Huaying , Schuck Peter , Tilahun Mulualem E. , Boyd Lisa F. , Ying Jinfa , Bax Ad , Margulies David H. , Sgourakis Nikolaos G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe molecular mechanism through which the interaction of a clonotypic αβ T-cell receptor (TCR) with a peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (p/MHC) leads to T-cell activation is not yet fully understood. Here we exploit a high-affinity TCR (B4.2.3) to examine the structural changes that accompany binding to its p/MHC ligand (P18-I10/H2-Dd). In addition to conformational changes in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the TCR seen in comparison of unliganded and bound X-ray structures, NMR characterization of the TCR β-chain dynamics reveals significant chemical shift effects in sites removed from the MHC-binding site. Remodelling of electrostatic interactions near the Cβ H3 helix at the membrane-proximal face of the TCR, a region implicated in interactions with the CD3 co-receptor, suggests a possible role for an allosteric mechanism in TCR signalling. The contribution of these TCR residues to signal transduction is supported by mutagenesis and T-cell functional assays.
Exosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by excreting harmful DNA from cells
Authors: Takahashi Akiko , Okada Ryo , Nagao Koji , Kawamata Yuka , Hanyu Aki , Yoshimoto Shin , Takasugi Masaki , Watanabe Sugiko , Kanemaki Masato T , Obuse Chikashi , Hara Eiji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEmerging evidence is revealing that exosomes contribute to many aspects of physiology and disease through intercellular communication. However, the biological roles of exosome secretion in exosome-secreting cells have remained largely unexplored. Here we show that exosome secretion plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in exosome-secreting cells. The inhibition of exosome secretion results in the accumulation of nuclear DNA in the cytoplasm, thereby causing the activation of cytoplasmic DNA sensing machinery. This event provokes the innate immune response, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent DNA damage response and thus induce senescence-like cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis in normal human cells. These results, in conjunction with observations that exosomes contain various lengths of chromosomal DNA fragments, indicate that exosome secretion maintains cellular homeostasis by removing harmful cytoplasmic DNA from cells. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of exosome biology, and provide valuable new insights into the control of cellular homeostasis.
Power generator driven by Maxwell’s demon
Authors: Chida Kensaku , Desai Samarth , Nishiguchi Katsuhiko , Fujiwara Akira 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMaxwell’s demon is an imaginary entity that reduces the entropy of a system and generates free energy in the system. About 150 years after its proposal, theoretical studies explained the physical validity of Maxwell’s demon in the context of information thermodynamics, and there have been successful experimental demonstrations of energy generation by the demon. The demon’s next task is to convert the generated free energy to work that acts on the surroundings. Here, we demonstrate that Maxwell’s demon can generate and output electric current and power with individual randomly moving electrons in small transistors. Real-time monitoring of electron motion shows that two transistors functioning as gates that control an electron’s trajectory so that an electron moves directionally. A numerical calculation reveals that power generation is increased by miniaturizing the room in which the electrons are partitioned. These results suggest that evolving transistor-miniaturization technology can increase the demon’s power output.
Onset of meso-scale turbulence in active nematics
Authors: Doostmohammadi Amin , Shendruk Tyler N. , Thijssen Kristian , Yeomans Julia M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMeso-scale turbulence is an innate phenomenon, distinct from inertial turbulence, that spontaneously occurs at low Reynolds number in fluidized biological systems. This spatiotemporal disordered flow radically changes nutrient and molecular transport in living fluids and can strongly affect the collective behaviour in prominent biological processes, including biofilm formation, morphogenesis and cancer invasion. Despite its crucial role in such physiological processes, understanding meso-scale turbulence and any relation to classical inertial turbulence remains obscure. Here we show how the motion of active matter along a micro-channel transitions to meso-scale turbulence through the evolution of locally disordered patches (active puffs) from an ordered vortex-lattice flow state. We demonstrate that the stationary critical exponents of this transition to meso-scale turbulence in a channel coincide with the directed percolation universality class. This finding bridges our understanding of the onset of low-Reynolds-number meso-scale turbulence and traditional scale-invariant turbulence in confinement.
Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail
Authors: Adema Coen M. , Hillier LaDeana W. , Jones Catherine S. , Loker Eric S. , Knight Matty , Minx Patrick , Oliveira Guilherme , Raghavan Nithya , Shedlock Andrew , do Amaral Laurence Rodrigues , Arican-Goktas Halime D. , Assis Juliana G. , Baba Elio Hideo , Baron Olga L. , Bayne Christopher J. , Bickham-Wright Utibe , Biggar Kyle K. , Blouin Michael , Bonning Bryony C. , Botka Chris , Bridger Joanna M. , Buckley Katherine M. , Buddenborg Sarah K. , Lima Caldeira Roberta , Carleton Julia , Carvalho Omar S. , Castillo Maria G. , Chalmers Iain W. , Christensens Mikkel , Clifton Sandra , Cosseau Celine , Coustau Christine , Cripps Richard M. , Cuesta-Astroz Yesid , Cummins Scott F. , di Stefano Leon , Dinguirard Nathalie , Duval David , Emrich Scott , Feschotte Cédric , Feyereisen Rene , FitzGerald Peter , Fronick Catrina , Fulton Lucinda , Galinier Richard , Gava Sandra G. , Geusz Michael , Geyer Kathrin K. , Giraldo-Calderón Gloria I. , de Souza Gomes Matheus , Gordy Michelle A. , Gourbal Benjamin , Grunau Christoph , Hanington Patrick C. , Hoffmann Karl F. , Hughes Daniel , Humphries Judith , Jackson Daniel J. , Jannotti-Passos Liana K. , de Jesus Jeremias Wander , Jobling Susan , Kamel Bishoy , Kapusta Aurélie , Kaur Satwant , Koene Joris M. , Kohn Andrea B. , Lawson Dan , Lawton Scott P , Liang Di , Limpanont Yanin , Liu Sijun , Lockyer Anne E. , Lovato TyAnna L. , Ludolf Fernanda , Magrini Vince , McManus Donald P. , Medina Monica , Misra Milind , Mitta Guillaume , Mkoji Gerald M. , Montague Michael J. , Montelongo Cesar , Moroz Leonid L. , Munoz-Torres Monica C. , Niazi Umar , Noble Leslie R. , Oliveira Francislon S. , Pais Fabiano S. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Peace Rob , Pena Janeth J. , Pila Emmanuel A. , Quelais Titouan , Raney Brian J. , Rast Jonathan P. , Rollinson David , Rosse Izinara C. , Rotgans Bronwyn , Routledge Edwin J. , Ryan Kathryn M. , Scholte Larissa L. S. , Storey Kenneth B. , Swain Martin , Tennessen Jacob A. , Tomlinson Chad , Trujillo Damian L. , Volpi Emanuela V. , Walker Anthony J. , Wang Tianfang , Wannaporn Ittiprasert , Warren Wesley C. , Wu Xiao-Jun , Yoshino Timothy P. , Yusuf Mohammed , Zhang Si-Ming , Zhao Min , Wilson Richard K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global health problem by 2025, there is now renewed emphasis on snail control. Here, we characterize the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information on snail biology. We describe aspects of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of gene expression that support the persistence of B. glabrata in the field and may define this species as a suitable snail host for S. mansoni. We identify several potential targets for developing novel control measures aimed at reducing snail-mediated transmission of schistosomiasis.
High precision hyperfine measurements in Bismuth challenge bound-state strong-field QED
Authors: Ullmann Johannes , Andelkovic Zoran , Brandau Carsten , Dax Andreas , Geithner Wolfgang , Geppert Christopher , Gorges Christian , Hammen Michael , Hannen Volker , Kaufmann Simon , König Kristian , Litvinov Yuri A. , Lochmann Matthias , Maaß Bernhard , Meisner Johann , Murböck Tobias , Sánchez Rodolfo , Schmidt Matthias , Schmidt Stefan , Steck Markus , Stöhlker Thomas , Thompson Richard C. , Trageser Christian , Vollbrecht Jonas , Weinheimer Christian , Nörtershäuser Wilfried 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectrons bound in highly charged heavy ions such as hydrogen-like bismuth 209Bi82+ experience electromagnetic fields that are a million times stronger than in light atoms. Measuring the wavelength of light emitted and absorbed by these ions is therefore a sensitive testing ground for quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects and especially the electron–nucleus interaction under such extreme conditions. However, insufficient knowledge of the nuclear structure has prevented a rigorous test of strong-field QED. Here we present a measurement of the so-called specific difference between the hyperfine splittings in hydrogen-like and lithium-like bismuth 209Bi82+,80+ with a precision that is improved by more than an order of magnitude. Even though this quantity is believed to be largely insensitive to nuclear structure and therefore the most decisive test of QED in the strong magnetic field regime, we find a 7-σ discrepancy compared with the theoretical prediction.
Ocean acidification compromises a planktic calcifier with implications for global carbon cycling
Authors: Davis Catherine V. , Rivest Emily B. , Hill Tessa M. , Gaylord Brian , Russell Ann D. , Sanford Eric 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnthropogenically-forced changes in ocean chemistry at both the global and regional scale have the potential to negatively impact calcifying plankton, which play a key role in ecosystem functioning and marine carbon cycling. We cultured a globally important calcifying marine plankter (the foraminifer, Globigerina bulloides) under an ecologically relevant range of seawater pH (7.5 to 8.3 total scale). Multiple metrics of calcification and physiological performance varied with pH. At pH > 8.0, increased calcification occurred without a concomitant rise in respiration rates. However, as pH declined from 8.0 to 7.5, calcification and oxygen consumption both decreased, suggesting a reduced ability to precipitate shell material accompanied by metabolic depression. Repair of spines, important for both buoyancy and feeding, was also reduced at pH < 7.7. The dependence of calcification, respiration, and spine repair on seawater pH suggests that foraminifera will likely be challenged by future ocean conditions. Furthermore, the nature of these effects has the potential to actuate changes in vertical transport of organic and inorganic carbon, perturbing feedbacks to regional and global marine carbon cycling. The biological impacts of seawater pH have additional, important implications for the use of foraminifera as paleoceanographic indicators.
Regulation of GVBD in mouse oocytes by miR-125a-3p and Fyn kinase through modulation of actin filaments
Authors: Grossman Hadas , Har-Paz Efrat , Gindi Natalie , Levi Mattan , Miller Irit , Nevo Nava , Galiani Dalia , Dekel Nava , Shalgi Ruth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMeiotically arrested oocytes are characterized by the presence of the nuclear structure known as germinal-vesicle (GV), the breakdown of which (GVBD) is associated with resumption of meiosis. Fyn is a pivotal factor in resumption of the first meiotic division; its inhibition markedly decreases the fraction of oocytes undergoing GVBD. Here, we reveal that in mouse oocytes Fyn is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-125a-3p. We demonstrate that in oocytes resuming meiosis miR-125a-3p and Fyn exhibit a reciprocal expression pattern; miR-125a-3p decreases alongside with an increase in Fyn expression. Microinjection of miR-125a-3p inhibits GVBD, an effect that is markedly reduced by Fyn over-expression, and impairs the organization of the actin rim surrounding the nucleus. Lower rate of GVBD is also observed in oocytes exposed to cytochalasin-D or blebbistatin, which interfere with actin polymerization and contractility of actin bundles, respectively. By down-regulating Fyn in HEK-293T cells, miR-125a-3p reduces the interaction between actin and A-type lamins, which constitute the nuclear-lamina. Our findings suggest a mechanism, by which a decrease in miR-125a-3p during oocyte maturation facilitates GVBD by allowing Fyn up-regulation and the resulting stabilization of the interaction between actin and A-type lamins.