bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Islamic microcredit in perspective of Maqasid Al-Shariah
Authors: Alam Md. Mahmudul , Hassan Salwana , Said Jamaliah 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to examine the role of Islamic microcredit programs based on the achievement of Maqasid Al-Shariah. Past studies have evaluated the role of microcredit programs using the conventional assessment approach. However, the conventional system of socioeconomic role assessment cannot evaluate the performance of Islamic microcredit in terms of achieving the objectives of Shariah for the Islamic microcredit model.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses primary data that were collected through a questionnaire survey distributed among 393 microcredit borrowers from Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM). The survey was conducted from July 2013 to December 2013 in the State of Sabah and in Peninsular Malaysia. This research also analyzes the socioeconomic roles and the achievement of microcredit and microenterprise from the perspective of the five principles of Al-daruriyyat from Maqasid Al-Shariah.

Findings
– Results indicate that the microcredit program of AIM has a positive and enhancing effect on the livelihood of clients. This effect is reflected in the assessment of their well-being, especially in the context of Maqasid Al-Shariah.

Originality/value
– This study examines the role of Islamic microcredit based on the achievement of Maqasid Al-Shariah.
Thinking aloud: decentralisation and safeguarding in English schools
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Driscoll Jennifer , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider possible implications of recent policy initiatives in schools and local government for child safeguarding practice in education settings in the state sector in England.

Design/methodology/approach
– Recent policy changes to promote devolution of decision-making to school and local government level are analysed in the light of the literature on multi-agency working for the protection of children.

Findings
– The paper highlights the complexity of the current context in which local arrangements for the safeguarding of children are operating. This includes efforts at integration of funding and structures, coupled with rapid changes in policy in both education and children’s social care and greater decision-making powers at local level. Together this makes it difficult to evaluate the current strengths of safeguarding arrangements between schools and other local agencies to help ensure that arrangements for the safeguarding of children in “independent” state schools are robust and effective.

Research limitations/implications
– Researchers and policy-makers need to consider the efficacy of safeguarding arrangements under new local government and integrated structures in England.

Practical implications
– There is relatively little research addressing inter-organisational information exchange in relation to education professionals involved in safeguarding. This paper sets out some directions for inquiry, including specific priorities that may be useful to the research and practice communities in the context of integration.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a summary of key policies and strategies that inform child protection in state school settings in England.
Striving for integrated services, a Dutch experience
Authors: van Noort Olivier , Schotanus Fredo 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– In an urban environment in The Netherlands, a municipality, a health insurance company and nine health care organisations try to integrate health care services and social services by means of a global, population-based budget for three areas with above the average costs. Against a background of changing circumstances and bureaucratic impediments, they try to reach an agreement on the contractual provisions before starting cooperation in everyday practice. The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the cooperative process.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reflects the authors’ personal experiences and interpretation of the cooperative process.

Findings
– The participants experience was that the ideals they had started with faded when financial and juridical procedures dominated the discussions. In contrast with that, focusing on the population involved created positive energy and motivation.

Practical implications
– Uncertainties are part of social innovation and therefore, formal contracts will be incomplete. Trust building techniques and creating common values and culture are necessary ingredients for developing confidence that the cooperating parties will be able to cope with unforeseen developments or outcomes.

Originality/value
– The paper may contribute to the successful development of innovative agreements between purchasers and providers of health care and social care in order to achieve better integrated services without rising costs.
The glass ceiling: what have we learned 20 years on?
Authors: Powell Gary N. , Butterfield D. Anthony 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider the current status of women in management and explanations offered for this status in light of a rare empirical field study of the “glass ceiling” phenomenon the authors conducted about 20 years ago.Design/methodology/approach– The authors review the study’s key arguments, unexpected results, and implications for organizational effectiveness (which have been largely ignored). The authors then review what has transpired and what has been learned about the glass ceiling phenomenon since.Findings– The nature of glass ceilings has remained essentially stable over a 20-year period, although further explanations for them have flourished.Research limitations/implications– More scholarly examinations of ways to shatter glass ceilings and thereby enhance organizational effectiveness are recommended.Practical implications– Organizations, human resources directors, and internal decision makers need to adopt practices that foster “debiasing” of decisions about promotions to top management.Social implications– Societies need to encourage organizations to adopt ways to shatter glass ceilings that continue to disadvantage women.Originality/value– A systematic review and analysis of the present-day implications of an early study of the glass ceiling phenomenon has not previously been conducted.
Current profile of cycling injuries: A retrospective analysis of a trauma centre level 1 in Queensland
Authors: Neumann Mirjam V , Eley Rob , Vallmuur Kirsten , Schuetz Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesOne out of 50 injury‐related presentations to an ED is a transport‐related cycling injury. Detailed information about the most frequent mechanism of cycling injuries, sustained injuries and patterns are under‐reported. The objective of this research was to examine the pattern of injuries sustained by cyclists at a level 1 trauma centre.MethodsA retrospective review of data of injured cyclists admitted and treated at a level 1 trauma centre between 2011 and 2012 evaluated demographic data, mechanism of injury, injury pattern, economic costs and outcome.ResultsData of 261 patients (mean age of 39 years) were reviewed, of which 88% was male patients with an average age of 38 years. Non‐collision cycling injuries were reported in 55% of cases followed by collisions with other motor vehicles in 25.6% of cases. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 9, but an ISS ≥ 12 was documented in 24%. Predominantly upper limb injuries (24.8%) were found, followed by injuries to the head and lower limb (each with 16.8%). Traumatic brain and chest injuries were equally seen in 8%. The overall length of stay was 4 days, and survival rate was 98%.ConclusionThis current data review reveals that non‐collision traffic crashes accounted for the majority of injuries in cyclists treated in this facility, and the upper limb has replaced the head as the most injured body part. With a growing number of cyclists, this information contributes to considerations to improve road safety and trauma management.
Molecular identification of four Panonychus species (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Korea, including new records of P. caglei and P. mori
Authors: Khaing Tin Moe , Shim Jae‐Kyoung , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFour species of the genus Panonychus are identified in Korea including two previously known species P. citri (McGregor) and P. ulmi (Koch) and two newly identified species P. mori Yokoyama and P. caglei Mellot. Morphological diagnostics were observed among the four species in the color of dorsal tubercles and in the shape of male aedeagus. The dorsal tubercles of P. citri, P. ulmi, P. mori and P. caglei are red, white, whitish red and light red, respectively. The aedeagi of male adults are diagnostic in sigmoid‐shaped at the distal end and its shape and length was different among four species. Molecular comparison of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence of nuclear DNA and cytochrome‐c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA among the four species showed divergences 8–12% and 9–12%, respectively. Molecular analysis of the ITS2 and COI sequences revealed their divergences were slightly different among four species. In addition, species‐specific primer sets were designed at the base on ITS2 sequences to precisely diagnose these four species at the molecular level.
Current views on insect feed and its future
Authors: Moon Seung Ju , Lee Ji Woong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPopulation growth and the subsequent increased demand for food, along with the rise in cost of feed, have led insect feed to be considered as an alternative to conventional animal feed. Insect feed is a sustainable and nutritious option; however, it does carry the risk of lower microbiological safety than conventional feed. Although there is some hesitancy from farmers in adapting insect feed due to fear of market rejection of insect‐fed animals, surveys seem to show positive attitudes of people towards insect feed when they informed of the benefits. Traditional methods of harvesting insects is not a sustainable method of production, and therefore further research will be needed to access appropriate methods of mass‐producing insects without putting a strain on the natural ecosystem. This review discusses the benefits and risks of using insect feed, its acceptance, type of animals that can be fed by insects, and future directions of insect feed.
Differential induction of heat shock protein genes to the combined treatments of heat with diatomaceous earth, phosphine or carbon dioxide on Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Kim Hanna , Yu Yeon Su , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHeating is one of the many disinfestation methods commonly used in facilities that store and process agricultural products. In this study, we have investigated whether the combination of heat treatment with diatomaceous earth (DE), phosphine (PH3) or CO2 affects the mortality of the wandering larvae of Plodia interpunctella, which is a major pest found in most stored agricultural products. The mortality rate was 35.0% at day 1 after heat treatment at 40°C for 6 h; however, mortality rates increased after combined treatments of heat and 1 ppm DE or 10 ppm PH3, while 10% CO2 had no significant effect. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that combined treatments involving 1 h of heat treatment with either DE, PH3 or CO2 increased the mRNA levels of four heat shock protein (hsp) genes (hsp25, hsp70, grp78 and hsp90) in wandering larvae, 1 h post‐treatment, although those rates were slightly differentiated in each heat shock protein. Our results demonstrate that combinations of heat and DE or PH3 show increased lethality, although insects produce stress responses at the molecular level.
Oviposition and development potential of the spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), on uninjured Campbell Early grape
Authors: Kim Min Jee , Kim Jong Seok , Park Jeong Sun , Choi Deuk‐Soo , Park Jinyoung , Kim Iksoo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe spotted‐wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), originally distributed across a few Asian countries including South Korea, has invaded North America and Europe but is absent from Australia. In order to export the South Korean grape cultivar Campbell Early to Australia, its potential to serve as an oviposition and development medium for SWD must first be determined. In this study, we determined the oviposition and development potential of SWD on Campbell Early, after elucidating the SWD life cycle and establishing an artificial diet‐based mass‐culturing system. An investigation of the life cycle under five temperature regimes (16, 19, 22, 25 and 28°C) showed that the durations of the egg, larval and adult stages were shortened when temperature was increased from 16, 19, 22, 25 and 28°C, but pupal duration was shortest at 25°C and extended again at 28°C. A test of oviposition and development potential of SWD on Campbell Early grape clusters showed oviposition of 30.8 ± 6.8 eggs per cluster of injured grapes and 157.7 ± 16.2 eggs on a culture dish of artificial diet. However, in a similar experiment using uninjured grape clusters, only a single egg was deposited on the grape skin, which soon dried. In light of these results, newly harvested grapes left at vineyards during daily harvests are unlikely to serve as an oviposition and development medium for SWD, as long as the grapes remain uninjured.
Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure
Authors: Adams Dean C. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Modularity describes the case where patterns of trait covariation are unevenly dispersed across traits. Specifically, trait correlations are high and concentrated within subsets of variables (modules), but the correlations between traits across modules are relatively weaker. For morphometric data sets, hypotheses of modularity are commonly evaluated using the RV coefficient, an association statistic used in a wide variety of fields.

In this article, I explore the properties of the RV coefficient using simulated data sets. Using data drawn from a normal distribution where the data were neither modular nor integrated in structure, I show that the RV coefficient is adversely affected by attributes of the data (sample size and the number of variables) that do not characterize the covariance structure between sets of variables. Thus, with the RV coefficient, patterns of modularity or integration in data are confounded with trends generated by sample size and the number of variables, which limits biological interpretations and renders comparisons of RV coefficients across data sets uninformative.

As an alternative, I propose the covariance ratio (CR) for quantifying modular structure and show that it is unaffected by sample size or the number of variables. Further, statistical tests based on the CR exhibit appropriate type I error rates and display higher statistical power relative to the RV coefficient when evaluating modular data.

Overall, these findings demonstrate that the RV coefficient does not display statistical characteristics suitable for reliable assessment of hypotheses of modular or integrated structure and therefore should not be used to evaluate these patterns in morphological data sets. By contrast, the covariance ratio meets these criteria and provides a useful alternative method for assessing the degree of modular structure in morphological data.
Meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association from genomic prediction models
Authors: Bernal Rubio Y. L. , Gualdrón Duarte J. L. , Bates R. O. , Ernst C. W. , Nonneman D. , Rohrer G. A. , King A. , Shackelford S. D. , Wheeler T. L. , Cantet R. J. C. , Steibel J. P. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryGenome‐wide association (GWA) studies based on GBLUP models are a common practice in animal breeding. However, effect sizes of GWA tests are small, requiring larger sample sizes to enhance power of detection of rare variants. Because of difficulties in increasing sample size in animal populations, one alternative is to implement a meta‐analysis (MA), combining information and results from independent GWA studies. Although this methodology has been used widely in human genetics, implementation in animal breeding has been limited. Thus, we present methods to implement a MA of GWA, describing the proper approach to compute weights derived from multiple genomic evaluations based on animal‐centric GBLUP models. Application to real datasets shows that MA increases power of detection of associations in comparison with population‐level GWA, allowing for population structure and heterogeneity of variance components across populations to be accounted for. Another advantage of MA is that it does not require access to genotype data that is required for a joint analysis. Scripts related to the implementation of this approach, which consider the strength of association as well as the sign, are distributed and thus account for heterogeneity in association phase between QTL and SNPs. Thus, MA of GWA is an attractive alternative to summarizing results from multiple genomic studies, avoiding restrictions with genotype data sharing, definition of fixed effects and different scales of measurement of evaluated traits.
ST waveform analysis versus cardiotocography alone for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Blix Ellen , Brurberg Kjetil G. , Reierth Eirik , Reinar Liv M. , Øian Pål 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionST waveform analysis was introduced to reduce metabolic acidosis at birth and avoid unnecessary operative deliveries relative to conventional cardiotocography. Our objective was to quantify the efficacy of ST waveform analysis vs. cardiotocography and assess the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.Material and methodsWe identified randomized controlled trials through systematic literature searches and assessed included studies for risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were performed, calculating pooled risk ratio or peto odds ratio. We performed post hoc trial sequential analyses for selected outcomes to assess the risk of false‐positive results and the need for additional studies.ResultsSix randomized controlled trials were included in the meta‐analysis. ST waveform analysis was not associated with a reduction in operative deliveries due to fetal distress, but we observed a significantly lower rate of metabolic acidosis (peto odds ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.88). Accordingly, 401 women need to be monitored with ST waveform analysis to prevent one case of metabolic acidosis. No statistically significant effects were observed in other fetal or neonatal outcomes, except from fetal blood sampling (risk ratio 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.79) and a minor reduction in the number of operative vaginal deliveries for all indications (risk ratio 0.92; 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.99). The quality of the evidence was high to moderate.ConclusionsAbsolute effects of ST waveform analysis were minor, and the clinical significance of the observed reduction in metabolic acidosis is questioned. There is not enough evidence to justify the use of ST waveform analysis in contemporary obstetrics.
Improved Outcome of Cardiac Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Infants and Children Using Magnetic Levitation Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Luciani Giovanni Battista , Hoxha Stiljan , Torre Salvatore , Rungatscher Alessio , Menon Tiziano , Barozzi Luca , Faggian Giuseppe 
Published: November 2015

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has traditionally been and, for the most part, still is being performed using roller pumps. Use of first‐generation centrifugal pumps has yielded controversial outcomes, perhaps due to mechanical properties of the same and the ensuing risk of hemolysis and renal morbidity. Latest‐generation centrifugal pumps, using magnetic levitation (ML), exhibit mechanical properties which may have overcome limitations of first‐generation devices. This retrospective study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of veno‐arterial (V‐A) ECMO for cardiac indications in neonates, infants, and children, using standard (SP) and latest‐generation ML centrifugal pumps. Between 2002 and 2014, 33 consecutive neonates, infants, and young children were supported using V‐A ECMO for cardiac indications. There were 21 males and 12 females, with median age of 29 days (4 days–5 years) and a median body weight of 3.2 kg (1.9–18 kg). Indication for V‐A ECMO were acute circulatory collapse in ICU or ward after cardiac repair in 16 (49%) patients, failure to wean after repair of complex congenital heart disease in 9 (27%), fulminant myocarditis in 4 (12%), preoperative sepsis in 2 (6%), and refractory tachy‐arrhythmias in 2 (6%). Central cannulation was used in 27 (81%) patients and peripheral in 6. Seven (21%) patients were supported with SP and 26 (79%) with ML centrifugal pumps. Median duration of support was 82 h (range 24–672 h), with 26 (79%) patients weaned from support. Three patients required a second ECMO run but died on support. Seventeen (51%) patients required peritoneal dialysis for acute renal failure. Overall survival to discharge was 39% (13/33 patients). All patients with fulminant myocarditis and with refractory arrhythmias were weaned, and five (83%) survived, whereas no patient supported for sepsis survived. Risk factors for hospital mortality included lower (<2.5 kg) body weight (P = 0.02) and rescue ECMO after cardiac repair (P = 0.03). During a median follow‐up of 34 months (range 4–62 months), there were three (23%) late deaths and two late survivors with neurological sequelae. Weaning rate (5/7 vs. 21/26, P = NS) and prevalence of renal failure requiring dialysis (4/7 vs. 13/26, P = NS) were comparable between SP and ML ECMO groups. Patients supported with ML had a trend toward higher hospital survival (1/7 vs. 12/26, P = 0.07) and significantly higher late survival (0/7 vs. 10/26, P = 0.05). The present experience shows that V‐A ECMO for cardiac indications using centrifugal pumps in infants and children yields outcomes absolutely comparable to international registry (ELSO) data using mostly roller pumps. Although changes in practice may have contributed to these results, use of ML centrifugal pumps appears to further improve end‐organ recovery and hospital and late survival.
Nasal irrigation with saline solution significantly improves oxygen saturation in infants with bronchiolitis
Authors: Schreiber Silvana , Ronfani Luca , Ghirardo Sergio , Minen Federico , Taddio Andrea , Jaber Mohamad , Rizzello Elisa , Barbi Egidio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimPublished guidelines do not recommend nasal irrigation in bronchiolitis, but it is common practice in Italy, despite a lack of data on its benefits or adverse effects. This single‐blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial compared nasal irrigation using either isotonic 0.9% sodium chloride or hypertonic 3% sodium chloride with simple supportive care in infants with bronchiolitis.MethodsWe randomly assigned 133 infants up one year of age, who were admitted to the emergency department with bronchiolitis and an oxygen saturation (SpO2) of between 88 and 94%, to the isotonic (n = 47), hypertonic (n = 44) or standard care (n = 42) groups. Variations in SpO2 and the wheeze, air exchange, respiratory rate, muscle use (WARM) respiratory distress score were recorded at zero, five, 15, 20 and 50 minutes.ResultsFive minutes after the intervention, the median SpO2 value (95%) in the isotonic group was higher than both the hypertonic (94%) and the standard care (93%) groups. The differences between the isotonic and standard treatment groups were statistically significant at each time point, while the hypertonic group only reached significantly higher values after 50 minutes. However, the WARM score did not improve.ConclusionA single nasal irrigation with saline solution significantly improved oxygen saturation in infants with bronchiolitis.