bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Treatment Horizontal Hydraulic Fracture Modeling with Integrated Chemical Tracer Analysis, a Case Study
Authors: Dang Angela 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
As early as the 1950s, the need to track water in various applications, including stream water, sanitary systems, ground water, and oil field water flooding, resulted in the development of chemical tracer technologies. While the utilization of tracer technologies to track water during reservoir development is mature, the use of chemical tracers in unconventional hydraulic fracturing operations is relatively new. With the increasing use of chemical tracers in unconventional settings, questions related to proper execution, interpretation, and integration of chemical tracer tests arise.
This paper discusses the design and analysis of a chemical tracer study conducted in a section of the Wattenberg Field, Colorado. The results of the tracer study show that the preferential direction of cross-well tracer flow during hydraulic fracturing reflected the order of completion, rather than geology. They also show that large geologic features, such as a graben, facilitate cross-well tracer transport of water-based chemical tracers during fracturing. Minor faults and natural fractures facilitate cross-well transport of oil-based chemical tracers during production. Furthermore, the percentage of recovered tracers from different intervals along the wellbore (fractional production flowback) varies, which can reflect the contribution of that interval to the net production. Based on the analysis, suggestions on how to conduct a tracer study to obtain high quality data are provided.
This research also integrates the results of the tracer study into a post-treatment hydraulic fracturing model to evaluate production efficiency. Using the fractional production flowback results from the chemical tracer study, hydraulic fractures were calibrated to match the fractional production from each interval. The fracture model provides insight into what the hydraulic fractures look like, potential communication avenues for the chemical tracers, and production efficiency.
1D and 2D Modeling in Studying Petroleum Potential of the South Kara Basin
Authors: Kishankov Aleksei 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Over the last years major petroleum fields in different regions of the world have been rapidly running out of their resources due to intensive production. Therefore, it is now essential to explore new territories and aquatories where large oil and gas accumulations could be revealed. One of the most effective methods of analyzing petroleum potential of prospective regions is basin modeling which consists in reconstruction of sediment deposition and formation of oil and gas accumulations by using special computer software.
The objective of this research was studying petroleum potential of the South Kara Basin of the Russian Arctic Shelf. The study included 1D modeling for the wells of the Leningrad Petroleum Field in the Kara Sea, the Bovanenkovo Field on the Yamal Peninsula and 2D modeling for the seismic lines crossing the region in different directions. The 1D models were calibrated with the present day parameters of vitrinite reflectance measured in the studied wells. Thus, appropriate heat flow values for the region were obtained and used for further 2D modeling. As a result of 2D modeling, hydrocarbon accumulations were obtained for several known structures of the region, including the discovered petroleum fields of the Kara Sea and the Yamal Peninsula. This fact could approve the validity of the created models. Therefore, the results of conducted modeling could be used for the forecast of petroleum potential of the region. As a consequence, presence of petroleum accumulations was confirmed for some local structures that had been revealed earlier by seismics. Moreover, the zones of distribution of accumulations with different phase composition were determined within the South Kara Basin. Local structures defined by the modeling were considered to be the most prospective objects for further petroleum exploration in the region.
Pattern Realignment Optimizes Waterflood in Thin Bed Sandstone
Authors: LeRoy Melissa 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the remaining waterflood potential for a deep, thin-bed sandstone reservoir with an existing waterflood and to propose a plan to maximize the economics of future field performance. Little published information is available examining the waterflood potential of thin-bed sandstones. In addition, determining how much capital to allocate to increase secondary recovery depends on remaining reserves, an uncertain volume when differing calculation methods yield different values.
My study of the West Verden Hoxbar Unit in Caddo County, Oklahoma led to the conclusion that waterflooding this and similar thin-bed sandstones with 320-acre patterns can achieve secondary recovery factors of 10 to 25%. Downspacing these fields is not necessary because high vertical sweep efficiency allows for effective floods on this spacing. However, 320-acre pattern spacing is wide enough that areal sweep efficiency becomes the primary concern when attempting to increase secondary recovery volumes after breakthrough has occurred in existing flood patterns. The solution is to realign existing patterns by converting selected current producers to injectors, which allows for the production of hydrocarbons not initially contacted by the waterflood.
To determine whether this development plan is appropriate for a field, I recommend a workflow consisting primarily of decline curve and oil cut v. cumulative oil plot analysis, oil recovery v. water input plot interpretation and pattern analysis.
The dominant benefit of this approach to increasing recovery is that it does not require drilling new wells to increase production. Conversions can typically be implemented for 1/10 the cost of drilling a new well. My recommendations are currently being implemented in the West Verden Hoxbar Unit because my studies show that the conversions are economic at oil prices as low as $29/barrel, pay for themselves in less than 2 years, and extend the productive life of the field by over 10 years.
Simulated Effects of Soil Texture on Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors from Corn and Soybean Agroecosystems in Wisconsin
Authors: Gaillard Richard , Duval Benjamin D. , Osterholz William R. , Kucharik Christopher J. 
Published: September 2016

Soil texture is known to have an influence on the physical and biological processes that produce N2O emissions in agricultural fields, yet comparisons across soil textural types are limited by considerations of time and practicality. We used the DayCent biogeochemical model to assess the effects of soil texture on N2O emissions from agriculturally productive soils from four counties in Wisconsin. We validated the DayCent model using field data from 2 yr of a long‐term (approximately 20‐yr) cropping systems trial and then simulated yield and N2O emissions from continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and corn–soybean (Glycine max L.) cropping systems across 35 Wisconsin soil series classified as either silt loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand. Silt loam soils had the highest N2O emissions of all soil types, exhibiting 80 to 158% greater mean emissions and 100 to 282% greater emission factors compared with loamy sand and sandy loam soils, respectively. The model predicts that for these soils under these cropping systems, denitrification constituted the majority of the N2O flux only in the silt loam soils. However, across all soil textures, locations, and years, denitrification explained the most variation (74–98%) in total N2O emissions. Our results suggest that soil texture is an important factor in determining a range of N2O emission characteristics and is critical for estimating future N2O emissions from agricultural fields.Core Ideas
Soil texture influences agricultural N2O emissions and emission factors.
Soil texture influences absolute and relative rates of nitrification and denitrification.
Understanding soil texture effects is vital to estimating N losses via N2O.
Comparison of Permanganate‐Oxidizable Carbon and Mineralizable Carbon for Assessment of Organic Matter Stabilization and Mineralization
Authors: Hurisso Tunsisa T. , Culman Steve W. , Horwath William R. , Wade Jordon , Cass Deandra , Beniston Joshua W. , Bowles Timothy M. , Grandy A. Stuart , Franzluebbers Alan J. , Schipanski Meagan E. , Lucas Shawn T. , Ugarte Carmen M. 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
POXC and mineralizable C were evaluated across diverse agroecosystems.
The two are related but differentially influenced by management practices.
POXC better reflected SOM stabilizing practices.
Mineralizable C reflected SOM mineralizing practices.
Both predicted agronomic performance better than other soil C fractions.
Permanganate‐oxidizable C (POXC) and mineralizable C (as determined by short‐term aerobic incubation of rewetted soil) are measures of active organic matter that may provide early indication of soil C stabilization and mineralization processes. To date, the relationship between these two promising active organic matter tests has not been comprehensively evaluated, and little is known about their functional role in the soil ecosystem. Here, we examined the relationship between POXC and mineralizable C across a wide range of soil types, management histories, and geographic locations across the United States (13 studies, 76 total sites; n = 1071) and the ability of POXC and mineralizable C to predict crop yield and total aboveground biomass. Results from this comparative analysis showed that POXC and mineralizable C are related (r2 = 0.15–0.80) but that the relationship was differentially influenced by management practices. Overall, POXC better reflected practices that promote organic matter accumulation or stabilization and therefore can be a useful indicator of long‐term soil C sequestration. Conversely, mineralizable C better reflected practices that promote organic matter mineralization and therefore can be a useful indicator of short‐term soil nutrient availability. Our results also show that both mineralizable C and POXC were better predictors of corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, aboveground biomass, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit yield than other soil C fractions evaluated here. Thus, the integrated use of POXC and mineralizable C can provide a complementary framework to assess the relative dynamics of soil C stabilization and nutrient mineralization functions in agroecosystems.
Impact of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy on Sinonasal Quality of Life
Authors: Miyake Marcel M. , Gregorio Luciano L. , Freitag Suzanne K. , Lefebvre Daniel R. , Gray Stacey T. , Holbrook Eric H. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: September 2016

Background Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the criterion standard of surgical treatment for complete nasolacrimal obstruction and dacryocystitis. There has been an expansion in the indication of the endonasal DCR (eDCR), but the impact of surgical manipulating an otherwise healthy nasal mucosa on postoperative sinonasal quality of life remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients who underwent eDCR experienced any decrement in sinonasal quality of life. Methods A retrospective chart review of 44 patients who underwent eDCR between June 2012 and May 2015. The primary outcome was the total and nasal-specific domain 1 scores of the disease specific validated Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test 22. Preoperative scores were compared with the postoperative scores on days 0-30, 30-90, and 90-180 visits. A subgroup analysis of patients without nasal symptoms who underwent concomitant nasal surgical procedures was also performed. Results A statistically significant increase was observed between the preoperative score and the first postoperative score (days 0-30) in both total (7.5 [0-44] to 24 [0-51], median [interquartile range]) and domain 1 (2.5 [0-11] to 9 [0-18]) scores (p = 0.0066 and p = 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between the pre- and postoperative scores on days 30-90 or 90-180. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis. Conclusion Analysis of our findings indicated that, in general, eDCR was well tolerated by patients and nasal symptom scores returned to baseline values within 30-90 days of surgery. The concomitant performance of septoplasty in the setting of asymptomatic septal deviation did not confer any long-term improvement in symptoms of nasal obstruction.
Layered Sellar Reconstruction with Avascular Free Grafts: Acceptable Alternative to the Nasoseptal Flap for repair of Low-Volume Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Authors: Roxbury Christopher R. , Saavedra Tiffany , Ramanathan Murugappan , Lim Michael , Ishii Masaru , Gallia Gary L. , Reh Douglas D. 
Published: September 2016

Background Although the nasoseptal flap has become the method of choice for reconstruction of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in endoscopic minimally invasive surgery of the skull base, layered avascular graft techniques, including allografts and middle turbinate mucosal autografts, may provide comparable reconstructive success with decreased nasal morbidity. Objective To describe a method of reconstruction of intraoperative CSF leak in endoscopic surgery of the sella turcica and analyze its postoperative success rate and associated comorbidities. Methods A retrospective review of expanded endonasal sellar tumor resections from 2008-2014 was performed, and cases of layered intraoperative skull base reconstruction with avascular free grafts were identified. Demographic factors and comorbidities that predisposed to reconstruction failure (obstructive sleep apnea, obesity) were determined. Reconstruction-related nasal complications were also identified. Postoperative CSF leak rate was determined, and statistical analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for reconstructive failure. Results Seventy-three cases were identified. Layered closure with avascular free grafts was performed. There were five cases of postoperative CSF leak (6.85%). The mean follow-up was 19 months (range, 1-76 months). Intraoperative high-flow CSF leak was a significant predictor of reconstruction failure on univariate (odds ratio 22 [95% confidence interval, 2.26-214]; p = 0.008) and multivariate analysis (odds ratio 33.6 [95% confidence interval, 2.30-492]; p = 0.010). There were no significant differences in postoperative leak rates among bony overlay graft types. There were five patients (7.9%) who experienced persistent crusting after surgery. There were no significant differences in crusting rates between allografts and mucosal grafts. There were no postoperative mucoceles. Conclusion In cases of low-volume intraoperative CSF leak, layered skull base repair with avascular free grafts was an acceptable alternative to the nasoseptal flap, which may reduce prolonged sinonasal healing and donor-site morbidities.
Role of Antioxidants on the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Chauhan Bhushan , Gupta Manish , Chauhan Komal 
Published: September 2016

Background Antioxidants have a preventive or therapeutic role in oxygen free radical-mediated cell and tissue damage. The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of antioxidants and intranasal steroid fluticasone furoate (FF) on the clinical outcome of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Methods Subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis (n = 61) were randomly divided into two groups, group A (n = 30) received FF and group B(n = 31) received FF with antioxidants for 6 weeks. Nasal and ocular symptoms were evaluated weekly by using a four-point categoric scale. The efficacy of the study drug was assessed based on the mean change from baseline of the total daytime nasal symptom scores, total nighttime nasal symptom scores, and the composite symptom scores. Results The combined therapy (FF with antioxidants) resulted in marked improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean total daytime nasal symptom scores, total nighttime nasal symptom scores, and composite symptom scores of subjects compared with ones treated with intranasal steroid (FF) alone, which highlighted the therapeutic effect of antioxidants in allergic rhinitis. Conclusion Significant improvement in clinical outcome was observed in subjects who received antioxidants along with FF. However, because this was an open-label study, the results must be interpreted with caution, and further double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials supplemented with different antioxidants together with intranasal steroids are suggested.
Effect of stretching program in an industrial workplace on hamstring flexibility and sagittal spinal posture of adult women workers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Muyor José M. , López-Miñarro Pedro A. , Casimiro Antonio J. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives: To determine the effect of a stretching program performed in the workplace on the hamstring muscle extensibility and sagittal spinal posture of adult women. Material and methods: Fifty-eight adult women volunteers (mean age of 44.23 ± 8.87 years) from a private fruit and vegetable company were randomly assigned to experimental (n=27) or control (n=31) groups. The experimental group performed three exercises of hamstrings stretching of 20 seconds per exercise, three sessions a week for a period of 12 weeks. The control group did not participate in any hamstring stretching program. Hamstring flexibility was evaluated through the passive straight leg raise test and toe-touch test, performed both before and after the stretching program. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures and pelvic inclination were measured in relaxed standing and toe-touch test with a Spinal Mouse. Results: Significant increases (p < 0.01) in toe-touch score and straight leg raise angle (in both legs) were found in the experimental group during post-test, while the control group showed a non-significant decrease for both toe-touch score and straight leg raise test. A significant decrease in thoracic curve and significant increase in pelvic inclination were found in the toe-touch test for the experimental group (p <0.05). However, no significant changes were found in standing posture for any group. Conclusions: Hamstring stretching exercises performed in the working place are effective for increasing hamstring muscle extensibility. This increase generates a more aligned thoracic curve and more anterior pelvic inclination when maximal trunk flexion is performed.
Multiplying linear dimension techniques may predict the cross-sectional area of multifidus muscle at all levels of lumbar spine
Authors: Larrie-Baghal Maryamsadat , Bakhtiary Amir H. , Rezasoltani Asghar , Hedayati Rozita , Ghorbani Raheb 
Published: September 2016

Objective: This study was designed to find out the relationship between the multiplied linear dimensions (MLD) measurement and the cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement of the lumbar multifidus muscle. Methods: Sixty healthy female subjects participated in this study. The CSA of the lumbar multifidus muscle from L2 to L5 was bilaterally measured by tracing around the muscle margins with an on- screen cursor. The linear dimensions including lateral dimension (LD), anteroposterior dimension (APD) and MLD of the muscles were also calculated at the same levels of lumbar vertebrae. Results: The linear regression between CSA and MLD for each vertebral level was significant (r=0.89 to 0.97, p<0.0001). In addition, there was significant correlation between CSA and APD (r=0.69 to 0.87, p<0.05). Conclusions: MLD method can be used to predict the CSA of the lumbar multifidus muscle. The method described for assessing the multifidus muscle is a potentially valuable, quick and easy way to evaluate muscle size at different levels of the lumbar vertebrae in clinical practice.
Comparing the efficacy of mature mud pack and hot pack treatments for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sarsan Ayşe , Akkaya Nuray , Özgen Merih , Yildiz Necmettin , Atalay Nilgun Simsir , Ardic Fusun 
Published: September 2016

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of mature mud pack and hot pack therapies on patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: This study was designed as a prospective, randomized-controlled, and single-blinded clinical trial. Twenty-seven patients with clinical and radiologic evidence of knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into two groups and were treated with mature mud packs (n 15) or hot packs (n=12). Patients were evaluated for pain [based on the visual analog scale (VAS)], function (WOMAC, 6 min walking distance), quality of life [Short Form–36 (SF-36)], and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF- α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) at baseline, post-treatment, and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results: The mud pack group shows a significant improvement in VAS, pain, stifness, and physical function domains of WOMAC. The difference between groups of pain and physical activity domains is significant at post-treatment in favor of mud pack. For a 6 min walking distance, mud pack shows significant improvement, and the difference is significant between groups in favor of mud pack at post-treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Mud pack shows significant improvement in the pain subscale of SF-36 at the third month continuing until the sixth month after the treatment. Significant improvements are found for the social function, vitality/energy, physical role disability, and general health subscales of SF-36 in favor of the mud pack compared with the hot pack group at post-treatment. A significant increase is detected for IGF-1 in the mud pack group 3 months after treatment compared with the baseline, and the difference is significant between groups 3 months after the treatment. Conclusion: Mud pack is a favorable option compared with hotpack for pain relief and for the improvement of functional conditions in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Translation and validation of the Arab version of the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire
Authors: Laufer Yocheved , Elheiga-Na'amne Badira Abu , Rozen Nimrod 
Published: September 2016

Objective: Determine the reliability and validity of the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) translated into Arabic. Methods: The FABQ work and physical activity subscales (FABQ-W and FABQ-PA) were translated and culturally adapted into Arabic using the back-translation procedure. Forty-eight subjects with acute low back pain (LBP) and 63 subjects with chronic LBP, whose native language was Arabic, completed a demographic questionnaire, the FABQ, a pain intensity numerical scale, the Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MOSW), and the SF-36 questionnaire. Thirty patients completed the FABQ a second time 3–7 days later. Results: FABQ-W and FABQ-PA showed good internal consistencies ( α=0.90 and 0.81 respectively). Test-retest reliability was moderate to high (ICC (1,1) of 0.63 and 0.83 for the FABQ-W and FABQ-PA, respectively). Pain intensity correlated with FABQ-W only for subjects with acute pain (rho 0.41), and with the FABQ-PA only for subjects with chronic pain (rho 0.47). Significant differences between patients with acute and chronic pain were found. Correlations between the FABQ and the MOSW were moderate (rho between 0.40–0.42). Correlations between the FABQ subscales and the SF-36 questionnaire were stronger for subjects with chronic pain. A high ceiling effect was demonstrated for the FABQ-PA, in particular for patients with chronic LBP. Conclusions: The Arabic version of the FABQ has acceptable psychometric properties. However, the results of the physical activity subscale should be interpreted with caution due to a strong ceiling effect.