bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of second primary malignancies among cancer survivors in the United States, 1992 through 2008
Authors: Donin Nicholas , Filson Christopher , Drakaki Alexandra , Tan Hung‐Jui , Castillo Alex , Kwan Lorna , Litwin Mark , Chamie Karim 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDIn the current study, the authors attempted to describe the incidence, most common sites, and mortality of second primary malignancies among survivors of common cancers.METHODSThe authors identified patients aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed with a primary malignancy from the 10 most common cancer sites (prostate, breast, lung, colon, rectum, bladder, uterus, kidney, melanoma, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma) between 1992 and 2008 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Factors associated with the incidence of second primary malignancies were explored using bivariable and multivariable models, and mortality attributable to first and second primary malignancies was examined.RESULTSA cohort of 2,116,163 patients was identified, 170,865 of whom (8.1%) developed a second primary malignancy. Survivors of bladder cancer had the highest risk of developing a second cancer. In a multivariable model controlling for age, race, tumor grade, stage of disease, marital status, educational level, and income, a history of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (hazard ratios of 2.70 and 2.88, respectively, for men and women) and bladder cancer (hazard ratios of 1.88 and 1.66, respectively, for men and women) predicted the highest risk of developing a second cancer. For patients with 2 incident cancers, 13% died of their initial cancer, but greater than one‐half (55%) died of their second primary malignancy. Lung cancer was the cause of death in 12% of patients with 2 incident cancers.CONCLUSIONSNearly 1 in 12 patients diagnosed with a common cancer developed a second malignancy, the most common of which was lung cancer. Greater than one‐half of patients with 2 incident cancers died of their secondary malignancy. The findings from the current study may inform care strategies among cancer survivors. Cancer 2016;122:3075‐3086. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Graphene‐Coated ZnO and SiO2 as Supports for CoO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Reducibility
Authors: Luo Wen , Zafeiratos Spyridon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe insertion of a graphene layer between cobalt and a substrate modifies the morphology and the oxidation/reduction properties of supported cobalt particles. Co forms a relatively flat structure on ZnO and SiO2, whereas individual Co nanoparticles are formed after graphene coating of these substrates. The graphene layer moderates the formation of cobalt oxide in 5×10−7 mbar O2 and promotes the reduction of oxidized Co in H2 at lower temperature. Angle‐resolved XPS measurements indicate that this is mainly a consequence of the restricted interaction of cobalt with the oxide supports. After the low‐pressure redox treatments, the graphene layer maintains a relatively high quality with a small number of defect sites.
Diversity and ecotypic variation in the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen
Authors: Afshari Vahid , Elahian Fatemeh , Ayari Yasaman , Yazdinezhad Alireza , Mirzaei Seyed Abbas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThymus species are amongst the most popular medicinal plants because of their biological effects and pharmacological properties, and they are widely used in folk medicine for many disorders. Fourteen ecotypic Thymus kotschyanus essential oils were isolated, and the biological functionalities of ecotypic oils were characterized in terms of free radical scavenging and antigenotoxic properties. The most abundant ecotypic oil constituents were thymol and carvacrol (27.2–75.6%). The oils produced scavenging capacity, bleaching inhibitory capacity, and COMET‐inhibitory capacity values in a dose‐dependent manner ranging from 0.15 to 4.79 mg/ml, 0.04 to 3.1 mg/ml and 0.03 to 5.00 mg/ml, respectively. The benefits of T. kotschyanus essential oils from different regions vary, and they represent an inexpensive source of natural substances that have the potential to be used as antioxidative and antigenotoxic agents. Although the impacts of the microenvironment, climate difference and agronomical condition on the medical benefits of the plant were complex and highly context dependent, some correlations among the biological effects, main essential constituents, and the geographical environment were predicted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence of 4‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐butanethiol in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries
Authors: Jung Kathrin , Fastowski Oxana , Engel Karl‐Heinz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract4‐Methoxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐butanethiol is a powerful sulfur‐containing aroma compound identified several decades ago in blackcurrant buds (Ribes nigrum L.). However, an unambiguous identification in blackcurrant fruits has been lacking. In this study the occurrence of 4‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐butanethiol in blackcurrant berries has been demonstrated for the first time by the analysis of seven cultivars. After isolation of the volatiles by vacuum‐headspace‐extraction, the sulfur‐containing compound was enriched on mercurated agarose gel. Identification was performed via capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Quantitation was performed in the single ion monitoring mode using 4‐methyl‐4‐sulfanylpentan‐2‐one as internal standard. The concentration of 4‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐butanethiol in Andega (4.5 µg/kg) was significantly higher than those in the other cultivars investigated in this study (from 0.16 to 0.72 µg/kg). Calculation of the odour activity values indicated that this sulfur‐containing volatile contributes to the aroma of blackcurrant berries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of process parameters on carbonation rate and conversion of steelmaking slags – Introduction of the ‘carbonation weathering rate’
Authors: Georgakopoulos Evangelos , Santos Rafael M. , Chiang Yi Wai , Manovic Vasilije 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlkaline industrial wastes are considered potential resources for the mitigation of CO2 emissions by simultaneously capturing and sequestering CO2 through mineralization. Mineralization safely and permanently stores CO2 through its reaction with alkaline earth metals. These elements are found in a variety of abundantly available industrial wastes that have high reactivity with CO2, and that are generated close to the emission point‐sources. Among all suitable industrial wastes, steelmaking slag has been deemed the most promising given its high CO2 uptake potential. In this paper, we review recent publications related to the influence of process parameters on the carbonation rate and conversion extent of steelmaking slags, comparing and analyzing them in order to define the present state of the art. Furthermore, the maximum conversions resulting from different studies are directly compared using a new index, the Carbonation Weathering Rate (CWR), which normalizes the results based on particle size and reaction duration. To date, the carbonation of Basic Oxygen Furnace steelmaking slag, under mild conditions, presents both the highest carbonation conversion and CWR, with values equal to 93.5% and 0.62 μm/min, respectively. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Long length of hospital stay in children with medical complexity
Authors: Gold Jessica M. , Hall Matt , Shah Samir S. , Thomson Joanna , Subramony Anupama , Mahant Sanjay , Mittal Vineeta , Wilson Karen M. , Morse Rustin , Mussman Grant M. , Hametz Patricia , Montalbano Amanda , Parikh Kavita , Ishman Stacey , O'Neill Margaret , Berry Jay G. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDHospitalizations of children with medical complexity (CMC) account for one‐half of hospital days in children, with lengths of stays (LOS) that are typically longer than those for children without medical complexity. The objective was to assess the impact of, risk factors for, and variation across children's hospitals regarding long LOS (≥10 days) hospitalizations in CMC.METHODSA retrospective study of 954,018 CMC hospitalizations, excluding admissions for neonatal and cancer care, during 2013 to 2014 in 44 children's hospitals. CMC were identified using 3M's Clinical Risk Group categories 6, 7, and 9, representing children with multiple and/or catastrophic chronic conditions. Multivariable regression was used to identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with LOS ≥10 days. Hospital‐level risk‐adjusted rates of long LOS generated from these models were compared using a covariance test of the hospitals' random effect.RESULTSAmong CMC, LOS ≥10 days accounted for 14.9% (n = 142,082) of all admissions and 61.8% ($13.7 billion) of hospital costs. The characteristics most strongly associated with LOS ≥10 days were use of intensive care unit (ICU) (odds ratio [OR]: 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4‐3.5), respiratory complex chronic condition (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.6‐2.7), and transfer from another medical facility (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 2.0‐2.1). After adjusting for severity, there was significant (P < 0.001) variation in the prevalence of LOS ≥10 days for CMC across children's hospitals (range, 10.3%–21.8%).CONCLUSIONSLong hospitalizations for CMC are costly. Their prevalence varies significantly by type of chronic condition and across children's hospitals. Efforts to reduce hospital costs in CMC might benefit from a focus on prolonged LOS. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:750–756. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program: Power, Politics and Practice
Authors: Cochrane Logan , Tamiru Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWith one third of the population living in poverty and millions experiencing chronic food insecurity, the government of Ethiopia faces difficult and complex challenges. One of the most robust and effective social protection efforts is the Productive Safety Net Program, which has served more than seven million people since 2005. This article explores the role of power and politics and posits that the maintenance of political control explains why components of the program are not implemented as planned. We focus upon everyday mundane aspects of life in rural communities wherein governmental programs entrench political control while making progress towards stated objectives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A snow climatology of the Andes Mountains from MODIS snow cover data
Authors: Saavedra Freddy A. , Kampf Stephanie K. , Fassnacht Steven R. , Sibold Jason S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study develops a method for characterizing snow climatology in the Andes Mountains using the 8‐day maximum binary snow cover product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensor. The objectives are to: (1) identify regions with similar snow patterns and (2) identify snow persistence zones within these regions. Within a study area between 8° and 39°S, snow regions are defined using the (1) minimum elevation of snow cover, (2) rate of change of snow persistence with elevation, and (3) timing of the minimum elevation snow cover. In tropical latitudes (8°–23°S), snow cover is constrained to high elevations (>5000 m), and these areas have steep changes in snow persistence with elevation. Minimal differences in the elevation of snow on the east and west sides of the range suggest that temperature is a primary control on snow presence. Snow cover has minimal seasonal variability in the Tropics between 8° and 14°S, but it peaks in austral fall (March) after the wet season from 14° to 23°S. In mid‐latitudes (south of 23°S) snowline decreases in elevation with increasing latitude, and snow persistence changes with elevation are more gradual than in tropical regions. Snow cover peaks in the austral winter throughout the mid‐latitudes. Differences in elevations of snow accumulation between the east and west sides of the Andes are greatest between 28° and 37°S, where high mountain peaks produce a strong orographic effect and precipitation shadow. Within the snow regions, four snow zones are defined based on the average fraction of the year that snow persists: (1) little or no snow, (2) intermittent, (3) seasonal, and (4) permanent snow zones. Tropical latitudes have snow cover only on the highest peaks. Areas of seasonal and permanent snow zones are greatest between latitudes 28° and 37°S as a result of higher precipitation than mountains further north and higher elevations than mountains further south.
Inflammatory reaction to hyaluronic acid: A newly described complication in vocal fold augmentation
Authors: Dominguez Laura M. , Tibbetts Kathleen M. , Simpson C. Blake 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo establish the rate of inflammatory reaction to hyaluronic acid (HA) in vocal fold injection augmentation, determine the most common presenting signs and symptoms, and propose an etiology.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPatients injected with HA over a 5‐year period were reviewed to identify those who had a postoperative inflammatory reaction. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographic information, subjective complaints, Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) scores, medical intervention, and resolution time. Videolaryngostroboscopy examinations were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 186 patients (245 vocal folds) were injected with HA over a 5‐year period, with a postoperative inflammatory reaction rate of 3.8%. The most common complaints in these patients were odynophagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea with vocal fold erythema, edema, and loss of pliability on videolaryngostroboscopy. All patients were treated with corticosteroids. Return of vocal fold vibration ranged from 3 weeks to 26 months, with VHI‐10 scores normalizing in 50% of patients.ConclusionsThis reaction may be a form of hypersensitivity related to small amounts of protein linked to HA. Alternatively, extravascular compression from the HA could lead to venous congestion of the vocal fold. The possibility of equipment contamination is also being investigated. Further studies are needed to determine the etiology and best treatment.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2016 127:445–449, 2017
Soil Quality Indicators as Affected by Shallow Tillage in a Vineyard Grown in a Semiarid Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Laudicina Vito Armando , Palazzolo Eristanna , Catania Pietro , Vallone Mariangela , García Antonio Delgado , Badalucco Luigi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWithin the Mediterranean basin, soil tillage enhances the mineralisation of soil organic matter. We assessed the short‐term impact of shallow tillage [field cultivator (FC), rotary tiller (RT) and spading machine (SM)] on some soil quality indicators [bulk density, water‐stable aggregates, total and labile organic C pools (microbial biomass and extractable organic C), soil respiration and related eco‐physiological indexes] in a Sicilian vineyard. Also no tillage was included. We hypothesized that (i) RT and FC worsened soil quality indicators more than SM, and (ii) within the same tillage system, labile C pools, soil respiration and eco‐physiological indexes will respond more efficiently than chemical and physical soil properties since the tillage starts. The experiment started at March 2009, and each tillage type was applied three times per year (March or April, May and June), with soil tilled up to 15‐cm depth. Soil was sampled (0–15 and 15–30‐cm depth) in March 2009, April 2010, May 2012 and June 2014. SM was very effective in preserving soil organic matter pool and in improving any monitored soil quality indicator, similarly to no tillage. By contrast, RT was the most deleterious machine as it worsened most investigated indicators. Such deleterious effects were due to drastic disruption of soil aggregates and consequent exposition of protected soil organic matter to further microbial mineralization. Labile organic C pools and microbial quotients were the most responsive soil parameters for assessing the impact of shallow tillage on soil quality, even in the short term (<5 years). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Coordination Stoichiometry Controlled Formation of Linear and Hyperbranched Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Lin Cuiling , Xu Luonan , Huang Libo , Chen Jia , Liu Yuanyuan , Ma Yifan , Ye Feixiang , Qiu Huayu , He Tian , Yin Shouchun 
Published: July 2016

Controlling the topologies of polymers is a hot topic in polymer chemistry because the physical and/or chemical properties of polymers are determined (at least partially) by their topologies. This study exploits the host–guest interactions between dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 and secondary ammonium salts and metal coordination interactions between 2,6‐bis(benzimidazolyl)‐pyridine units with metal ions (ZnII and/or EuIII) as orthogonal non‐covalent interactions to prepare supramolecular polymers. By changing the ratios of the metal ion additives (Zn(NO3)2 and Eu(NO3)3) linkers to join the host–guest dimeric complex, the linear supramolecular polymers (100 mol% Zn(NO3)2 per ligand) and hyperbranched supramolecular polymers (97 mol% Zn(NO3)2 and 3 mol% Eu(NO3)3 per ligand) are separately and successfully constructed. This approach not only expands topological control over polymeric systems, but also paves the way for the functionalization of smart and adaptive materials.image
A flexible and efficient system for removing support materials from rapid prototypes
Authors: Kuo C. C. , Tsou Y. C. 
Published: July 2016

Removing support material from rapid prototypes fabricated by fused deposition modeling system is required once the physical model is completed. Removing support materials from Rapid prototypes efficiently is an important concern because the product life cycle is shorter than before. A highly flexible and highly efficient system for removing the support materials from rapid prototypes was implemented. The effects of process parameters on the removal efficiency of support materials were investigated. The efficiency of removing support materials was investigated using optimal processing parameters. The removing time can be predicted directly from the volume of the support materials according to the equation proposed in this work. The relative error can be controlled within 5.18 %. Surface roughness improvement of up to 41.89 % is achieved using the optimal processing parameters. Mechanisms of removing support materials for the general and hollow Rapid prototypes were also presented.
Design and manufacturing of a human standardised hip cup out of titanium
Authors: Behrens B. A. , Escobar S. B. , Niemeier H. , Vucetic M. , Bouguecha A. , Lucas K. , Nolte I. , Wefstaedt P. , Lerch M. , Stukenborg‐Colsman C. , Almohallami A. 
Published: July 2016

Background: In recent years, the use of hip prostheses has become a routine procedure. Despite this experience and good clinical results different complications arise which have a negative influence on the lifetime of prostheses. Especially the migration or loosening of the hip cup prosthesis due to strain adaptive bone remodelling is still a problem. Patient‐individual prostheses represent a possible solution to this problem. Individual hip cups, however, are just implanted for the treatment of massive deformities or tumours. This study aimed at developing an innovative concept for the production of patient‐specific human hip prostheses made of titanium plates by sheet metal forming.Methods: For the realisation of this innovative concept, a reproducible design method for the generation of standardised human hip cup prosthesis was generated based on 13 original human geometries. By means of this methodology a hip cup was designed. Based on this design a human hip cup was produced by a developed high‐pressure sheet metal forming process. The development of the process was accompanied by a numerical preliminary design.Results: A comparison between the simulation and the fabricated hip cup leads to a standard deviation of 0.404 mm. Furthermore, an implantation of the prosthesis in a synthetic bone model shows a satisfactory fit accuracy at the edge of the prosthesis.Conclusion: The high‐pressure sheet metal forming process is suitable to manufacture the designed standardised hip cup. However, further optimisation is necessary.
Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) response to animal source foods varies among healthy young men and is influenced by their gut microbiota composition: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cho Clara E. , Taesuwan Siraphat , Malysheva Olga V. , Bender Erica , Tulchinsky Nathan F. , Yan Jian , Sutter Jessica L. , Caudill Marie A. 
Published: July 2016

ScopeTrimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), a metabolite linked to the gut microbiota, is associated with excess risk of heart disease. We hypothesized that (i) TMAO response to animal source foods would vary among healthy men and (ii) this response would be modified by their gut microbiome.Methods and resultsA crossover feeding trial in healthy young men (n = 40) was conducted with meals containing TMAO (fish), its dietary precursors, choline (eggs) and carnitine (beef), and a fruit control. Fish yielded higher circulating and urinary concentrations of TMAO (46–62 times; p < 0.0001), trimethylamine (8–14 times; p < 0.0001), and dimethylamine (4‐6‐times; P<0.0001) than eggs, beef, or the fruit control. Circulating TMAO concentrations were increased within 15 min of fish consumption, suggesting that dietary TMAO can be absorbed without processing by gut microbes. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated that high‐TMAO producers (≥20% increase in urinary TMAO in response to eggs and beef) had more Firmicutes than Bacteroidetes (p = 0.04) and less gut microbiota diversity (p = 0.03).ConclusionConsumption of fish yielded substantially greater increases in circulating TMAO than eggs or beef. The higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes enrichment among men exhibiting a greater response to dietary TMAO precursor intake indicates that TMAO production is a function of individual differences in the gut microbiome.
The DSM‐5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales in a Dutch non‐clinical sample: psychometric properties including the adult separation anxiety disorder scale
Authors: Möller Eline L. , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWith DSM‐5, the American Psychiatric Association encourages complementing categorical diagnoses with dimensional severity ratings. We therefore examined the psychometric properties of the DSM‐5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales, a set of brief dimensional scales that are consistent in content and structure and assess DSM‐5‐based core features of anxiety disorders. Participants (285 males, 255 females) completed the DSM‐5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales for social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, agoraphobia, and panic disorder that were included in previous studies on the scales, and also for separation anxiety disorder, which is included in the DSM‐5 chapter on anxiety disorders. Moreover, they completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Adult version (SCARED‐A). The DSM‐5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales demonstrated high internal consistency, and the scales correlated significantly and substantially with corresponding SCARED‐A subscales, supporting convergent validity. Separation anxiety appeared present among adults, supporting the DSM‐5 recognition of separation anxiety as an anxiety disorder across the life span. To conclude, the DSM‐5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales are a valuable tool to screen for specific adult anxiety disorders, including separation anxiety. Research in more diverse and clinical samples with anxiety disorders is needed. © 2016 The Authors International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.