bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definition of the Nature and Hapten Threshold of the β-Lactam Antigen Required for T Cell Activation In Vitro and in Patients
Authors: Meng Xiaoli , Al-Attar Zaid , Yaseen Fiazia S. , Jenkins Rosalind , Earnshaw Caroline , Whitaker Paul , Peckham Daniel , French Neil S. , Naisbitt Dean J. , Park B. Kevin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Covalent modification of protein by drugs may disrupt self-tolerance, leading to lymphocyte activation. Until now, determination of the threshold required for this process has not been possible. Therefore, we performed quantitative mass spectrometric analyses to define the epitopes formed in tolerant and hypersensitive patients taking the β-lactam antibiotic piperacillin and the threshold required for T cell activation. A hydrolyzed piperacillin hapten was detected on four lysine residues of human serum albumin (HSA) isolated from tolerant patients. The level of modified Lys541 ranged from 2.6 to 4.8%. Analysis of plasma from hypersensitive patients revealed the same pattern and levels of modification 1–10 d after the commencement of therapy. Piperacillin-responsive skin-homing CD4+ clones expressing an array of Vβ receptors were activated in a dose-, time-, and processing-dependent manner; analysis of incubation medium revealed that 2.6% of Lys541 in HSA was modified when T cells were activated. Piperacillin–HSA conjugates that had levels and epitopes identical to those detected in patients were shown to selectively stimulate additional CD4+ clones, which expressed a more restricted Vβ repertoire. To conclude, the levels of piperacillin–HSA modification that activated T cells are equivalent to the ones formed in hypersensitive and tolerant patients, which indicates that threshold levels of drug Ag are formed in all patients. Thus, the propensity to develop hypersensitivity is dependent on other factors, such as the presence of T cells within an individual’s repertoire that can be activated with the β-lactam hapten and/or an imbalance in immune regulation.
First results of the Piton de la Fournaise STRAP 2015 experiment: multidisciplinary tracking of a volcanic gas and aerosol plume
Authors: Tulet Pierre , Di Muro Andréa , Colomb Aurélie , Denjean Cyrielle , Duflot Valentin , Arellano Santiago , Foucart Brice , Brioude Jérome , Sellegri Karine , Peltier Aline , Aiuppa Alessandro , Barthe Christelle , Bhugwant Chatrapatty , Bielli Soline , Boissier Patrice , Boudoire Guillaume , Bourrianne Thierry , Brunet Christophe , Burnet Fréderic , Cammas Jean-Pierre , Gabarrot Franck , Galle Bo , Giudice Gaetano , Guadagno Christian , Jeamblu Fréderic , Kowalski Philippe , Leclair de Bellevue Jimmy , Marquestaut Nicolas , Mékies Dominique , Metzger Jean-Marc , Pianezze Joris , Portafaix Thierry , Sciare Jean , Tournigand Arnaud , Villeneuve Nicolas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The STRAP (Synergie Transdisciplinaire pour Répondre aux Aléas liés aux Panaches volcaniques) campaign was conducted over the entire year of 2015 to investigate the volcanic plumes of Piton de La Fournaise (La Réunion, France). For the first time, measurements at the local (near the vent) and at the regional scales were conducted around the island. The STRAP 2015 campaign has become possible thanks to strong cross-disciplinary collaboration between volcanologists and meteorologists. The main observations during four eruptive periods (85 days) are summarised. They include the estimates of SO2, CO2 and H2O emissions, the altitude of the plume at the vent and over different areas of La Réunion Island, the evolution of the SO2 concentration, the aerosol size distribution and the aerosol extinction profile. A climatology of the volcanic plume dispersion is also reported. Simulations and measurements show that the plumes formed by weak eruptions have a stronger interaction with the surface of the island. Strong SO2 mixing ratio and particle concentrations above 1000 ppb and 50 000 cm−3 respectively are frequently measured over a distance of 20 km from Piton de la Fournaise. The measured aerosol size distribution shows the predominance of small particles in the volcanic plume. Several cases of strong nucleation of sulfuric acid have been observed within the plume and at the distal site of the Maïdo observatory. The STRAP 2015 campaign provides a unique set of multi-disciplinary data that can now be used by modellers to improve the numerical parameterisations of the physical and chemical evolution of the volcanic plumes.
A New Model for Rating Users’ Profiles in Online Social Networks
Authors: Malli Mohammad , Said Nadine , Fadlallah Ahmad 
Published: April 2017

Profiling users in Online Social Networks (OSNs) is of great benefit in multiple domains (e.g., marketing, sociology, and forensics). In this paper, we propose a new model for rating user’s profile (i.e., low, medium, high, and advanced) in an OSN community by embedding it into clusters located at predefined range of radius in a low-dimensional Cartesian space. The orthogonal coordinates of the profile are estimated using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) applied on a vector of metrics formulated as a set of attributes of interest (i.e., qualitative and quantitative) mined from the user’s profile to characterize his/her level of participation and behavior in the community. The experimentations are conducted on 3000 simulated profiles of three OSNs (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) by embedding them in three cartesian spaces of three corresponding communities (Religion, Political and Lifestyle). The results show that we are able to estimate accurately the profile rates by reducing the vector of metrics to a low-dimensional space whittle down to 3-D space.
2017/4 Obesity may constitute a disability even if it is falsely presumed (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier 
Published: April 2017

2017/4 Obesity may constitute a disability even if it is falsely presumed (BE)
For the first time, a Belgian court has relied on the Kaltoft case, which holds that obesity may constitute a disability. That case gives rise to protection against discrimination, according to the Labour Tribunal of Liège, even if it is falsely presumed. This is the case where an employer sends an email to an applicant stating that the applicant cannot be hired because his or her obesity is a disability in relation to the job.
2017/7 Redundancy declared void based on directive’s horizontal effect as regards collective redundancy thresholds (SP)
Authors: Cortés Sonia 
Published: April 2017

2017/7 Redundancy declared void based on directive’s horizontal effect as regards collective redundancy thresholds (SP)
A Spanish Supreme Court decision issued on 17 October 2016 (no. 848/2016) declares employee terminations void because the employer failed to respect the proper collective redundancy procedures based on the thresholds provided by EU Directive 98/59. The thresholds in the Directive refer to the number of employees at the establishment, whereas thresholds under Spanish law refer to the whole company. In implementing the Directive, Spanish law had aimed at being more favourable to employees, but this did not happen on the facts of this case.
2017/9 The influence of the threat of terrorism on the right to strike (NL)
Authors: Houweling Ruben , Zwanenburg Amber 
Published: April 2017

2017/9 The influence of the threat of terrorism on the right to strike (NL)
The Dutch Cantonal judge prohibited a strike because the safety of passengers could not be guaranteed. At the hearing, which took place a few days after the Berlin Christmas market attacks, weight was given to the threat of terrorism. Nor is this the first time the threat of terrorism has been explicitly referred to by a Dutch court in a case concerning the right to strike.
2017/10 Uber drivers found to be workers (UK)
Authors: Carney Bethan 
Published: April 2017

2017/10 Uber drivers found to be workers (UK)
In a much publicised case, Uber drivers have won a first instance employment tribunal finding that they are ‘workers’ and not self-employed contractors. This decision means that they are entitled to basic protections, such as the national minimum wage, paid holiday (under the Working Time Directive) and protection against detriment for ‘blowing the whistle’ on wrong doing. The decision could have substantial financial consequences for Uber, which has around 40,000 drivers in the UK but Uber has already confirmed that it will appeal the decision, so we are unlikely to have a final determination on this question for some time.
Bankentoezicht en het Verdrag van Maastricht: het Nederlandse debat in perspectief
Authors: van Riel Bart , Bos Marko 
Published: April 2017

Bankentoezicht en het Verdrag van Maastricht: het Nederlandse debat in perspectief
Sinds november 2014 is de Europese Centrale Bank de belangrijkste toezichthouder voor de banken in de eurozone. De overdracht van toezichtstaken aan de ECB is opmerkelijk omdat het Verdrag van Maastricht hiervoor – vooral onder Duitse druk – hoge drempels opwierp. Destijds werd overdracht van toezichtstaken ook niet nodig geacht vanwege de harmonisatie van de regulering van banken. De crisis in de eurozone heeft laten zien dat dit echter geen substituut vormde voor centralisatie van het bankentoezicht. Bovendien vertoonde deze regulering ernstige tekortkomingen. Een derde les uit de crisis is dat toezicht op afzonderlijke instellingen onvoldoende is voor het waarborgen van financiële stabiliteit: het geheel is meer dan de som der delen.
Samenwerking Rijk-gemeente bij het toezicht op de Leerplichtwet
Authors: Verkroost Jos , Zeeman Annemiek 
Published: April 2017

Samenwerking Rijk-gemeente bij het toezicht op de Leerplichtwet
Sinds 2012 werkt de onderwijsinspectie samen met leerplichtambtenaren bij toezicht op en handhaving van de leerplichtwet. Een recente uitspraak van de Rechtbank Rotterdam heeft een streep door deze samenwerking gezet. In dit artikel beschrijven de auteurs allereerst de voorgeschiedenis en de context. Vervolgens gaan zij in op de overwegingen die de rechtbank heeft gehad bij het vonnis. Ten slotte bekijken zij wat de mogelijke gevolgen zijn voor samenwerking tussen toezichthouders, ook buiten het onderwijstoezicht.
The most common technologies and tools for functional genome analysis
Authors: Gasperskaja Evelina , Kučinskas Vaidutis 
Published: April 2017

Since the sequence of the human genome is complete, the main issue is how to understand the information written in the DNA sequence. Despite numerous genome-wide studies that have already been performed, the challenge to determine the function of genes, gene products, and also their interaction is still open. As changes in the human genome are highly likely to cause pathological conditions, functional analysis is vitally important for human health.
For many years there have been a variety of technologies and tools used in functional genome analysis. However, only in the past decade there has been rapid revolutionizing progress and improvement in high-throughput methods, which are ranging from traditional real-time polymerase chain reaction to more complex systems, such as next-generation sequencing or mass spectrometry. Furthermore, not only laboratory investigation, but also accurate bioinformatic analysis is required for reliable scientific results. These methods give an opportunity for accurate and comprehensive functional analysis that involves various fields of studies: genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and interactomics. This is essential for filling the gaps in the knowledge about dynamic biological processes at both cellular and organismal level. However, each method has both advantages and limitations that should be taken into account before choosing the right method for particular research in order to ensure successful study. For this reason, the present review paper aims to describe the most frequent and widely-used methods for the comprehensive functional analysis.
Laura Anna Macor: Die Bestimmung des Menschen (1748-1800): Eine Begriffsgeschichte. Forschungen und Materialien zur deutschen Aufklärung. Abteilung II: Monographien. - FMDA II,25, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, Frommann-Holzboog, 432 pp., ISBN: 978-3-7728-2615-
Authors: Schwab Daniel 
Published: April 2017

Reseña de Laura Anna Macor: Die Bestimmung des Menschen (1748-1800): Eine Begriffsgeschichte. Forschungen und Materialien zur deutschen Aufklärung. Abteilung II: Monographien. - FMDA II,25, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, Frommann-Holzboog, 432 pp., ISBN: 978-3-7728-2615-3
Reproducible and reusable research: are journal data sharing policies meeting the mark?
Authors: Vasilevsky Nicole A. , Minnier Jessica , Haendel Melissa A. , Champieux Robin E. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThere is wide agreement in the biomedical research community that research data sharing is a primary ingredient for ensuring that science is more transparent and reproducible. Publishers could play an important role in facilitating and enforcing data sharing; however, many journals have not yet implemented data sharing policies and the requirements vary widely across journals. This study set out to analyze the pervasiveness and quality of data sharing policies in the biomedical literature.MethodsThe online author’s instructions and editorial policies for 318 biomedical journals were manually reviewed to analyze the journal’s data sharing requirements and characteristics. The data sharing policies were ranked using a rubric to determine if data sharing was required, recommended, required only for omics data, or not addressed at all. The data sharing method and licensing recommendations were examined, as well any mention of reproducibility or similar concepts. The data was analyzed for patterns relating to publishing volume, Journal Impact Factor, and the publishing model (open access or subscription) of each journal.ResultsA total of 11.9% of journals analyzed explicitly stated that data sharing was required as a condition of publication. A total of 9.1% of journals required data sharing, but did not state that it would affect publication decisions. 23.3% of journals had a statement encouraging authors to share their data but did not require it. A total of 9.1% of journals mentioned data sharing indirectly, and only 14.8% addressed protein, proteomic, and/or genomic data sharing. There was no mention of data sharing in 31.8% of journals. Impact factors were significantly higher for journals with the strongest data sharing policies compared to all other data sharing criteria. Open access journals were not more likely to require data sharing than subscription journals.DiscussionOur study confirmed earlier investigations which observed that only a minority of biomedical journals require data sharing, and a significant association between higher Impact Factors and journals with a data sharing requirement. Moreover, while 65.7% of the journals in our study that required data sharing addressed the concept of reproducibility, as with earlier investigations, we found that most data sharing policies did not provide specific guidance on the practices that ensure data is maximally available and reusable.
Contribution of temporal data to predictive performance in 30-day readmission of morbidly obese patients
Authors: Povalej Brzan Petra , Obradovic Zoran , Stiglic Gregor 
Published: April 2017

Background
Reduction of readmissions after discharge represents an important challenge for many hospitals and has attracted the interest of many researchers in the past few years. Most of the studies in this field focus on building cross-sectional predictive models that aim to predict the occurrence of readmission within 30-days based on information from the current hospitalization. The aim of this study is demonstration of predictive performance gain obtained by inclusion of information from historical hospitalization records among morbidly obese patients.

Methods
The California Statewide inpatient database was used to build regularized logistic regression models for prediction of readmission in morbidly obese patients (n = 18,881). Temporal features were extracted from historical patient hospitalization records in a one-year timeframe. Five different datasets of patients were prepared based on the number of available hospitalizations per patient. Sample size of the five datasets ranged from 4,787 patients with more than five hospitalizations to 20,521 patients with at least two hospitalization records in one year. A 10-fold cross validation was repeted 100 times to assess the variability of the results. Additionally, random forest and extreme gradient boosting were used to confirm the results.

Results
Area under the ROC curve increased significantly when including information from up to three historical records on all datasets. The inclusion of more than three historical records was not efficient. Similar results can be observed for Brier score and PPV value. The number of selected predictors corresponded to the complexity of the dataset ranging from an average of 29.50 selected features on the smallest dataset to 184.96 on the largest dataset based on 100 repetitions of 10-fold cross-validation.

Discussion
The results show positive influence of adding information from historical hospitalization records on predictive performance using all predictive modeling techniques used in this study. We can conclude that it is advantageous to build separate readmission prediction models in subgroups of patients with more hospital admissions by aggregating information from up to three previous hospitalizations.
Methane fluxes from tropical coastal lagoons surrounded by mangroves, Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Chuang P.‐C. , Young M. B. , Dale A. W. , Miller L. G. , Herrera‐Silveira J. A. , Paytan A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMethane concentrations in the water column and emissions to the atmosphere were determined for three tropical coastal lagoons surrounded by mangrove forests on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Surface water dissolved methane was sampled at different seasons over a period of 2 years in areas representing a wide range of salinities and anthropogenic impacts. The highest surface water methane concentrations (up to 8378 nM) were measured in a polluted canal associated with Terminos Lagoon. In Chelem Lagoon, methane concentrations were typically lower, except in the polluted harbor area (1796 nM). In the relatively pristine Celestún Lagoon, surface water methane concentrations ranged from 41 to 2551 nM. Methane concentrations were negatively correlated with salinity in Celestún, while in Chelem and Terminos high methane concentrations were associated with areas of known pollution inputs, irrespective of salinity. The diffusive methane flux from surface lagoon water to the atmosphere ranged from 0.0023 to 15 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1. Flux chamber measurements revealed that direct methane release as ebullition was up to 3 orders of magnitude greater than measured diffusive flux. Coastal mangrove lagoons may therefore be an important natural source of methane to the atmosphere despite their relatively high salinity. Pollution inputs are likely to substantially enhance this flux. Additional statistically rigorous data collected globally are needed to better consider methane fluxes from mangrove‐surrounded coastal areas in response to sea level changes and anthropogenic pollution in order to refine projections of future atmospheric methane budgets.
Analysis of modulation factor to shorten the delivery time in helical tomotherapy
Authors: Shimizu Hidetoshi , Sasaki Koji , Tachibana Hiroyuki , Tomita Natsuo , Makita Chiyoko , Nakashima Kuniyasu , Yokoi Kazushi , Kubota Takashi , Yoshimoto Manabu , Iwata Tohru , Kodaira Takeshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA low modulation factor (MF) maintaining a good dose distribution contributes to the shortening of the delivery time and efficiency of the treatment plan in helical tomotherapy. The purpose of this study was to reduce the delivery time using initial values and the upper limit values of MF. First, patients with head and neck cancer (293 cases) or prostate cancer (181 cases) treated between June 2011 and July 2015 were included in the analysis of MF values. The initial MF value (MFinitial) was defined as the average MFactual value, and the upper limit of the MF value (MFUL) was defined according the following equation: MFUL = 2 × standard deviation of MFactual value + the average MFactualNext, a treatment plan was designed for patients with head and neck cancer (62 cases) and prostate cancer (13 cases) treated between December 2015 and June 2016. The average MFactual value for the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and prostate cases decreased from 2.1 to 1.9 (p = 0.0006), 1.9 to 1.6 (p < 0.0001), 2.0 to 1.7 (p < 0.0001), and 1.8 to 1.6 (p = 0.0004) by adapting the MFinitial and the MFUL values, respectively. The average delivery time for the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and prostate cases also decreased from 19.9 s cm−1 to 16.7 s cm−1 (p < 0.0001), 15.0 s cm−1 to 13.9 s cm−1 (p = 0.025), 15.1 s cm−1 to 13.8 s cm−1 (p = 0.015), and 23.6 s cm−1 to 16.9 s cm−1 (p = 0.008) respectively. The delivery time was shortened by the adaptation of MFinitial and MFUL values with a reduction in the average MFactual for head and neck cancer and prostate cancer cases.
TOPAS Simulation of the Mevion S250 compact proton therapy unit
Authors: Prusator Michael , Ahmad Salahuddin , Chen Yong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAs proton therapy becomes increasingly popular, so does the need for Monte Carlo simulation studies involving accurate beam line modeling of proton treatment units. In this study, the 24 beam configurations of the Mevion S250 proton therapy system installed recently at our institution were modeled using the TOolkit for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS) code. Pristine Bragg peak, spread out Bragg peak (SOBP), and lateral beam profile dose distributions were simulated and matched to the measurements taken during commissioning of the unit. Differences in the range for all Percent Depth Dose (PDD) curves between measured and simulated data agreed to within 0.1 cm. For SOBP scans, the SOBP widths all agreed to within 0.3 cm. With regards to lateral beam profile comparisons between the measured and simulated data, the penumbras differed by less than 1 mm and the flatness differed by less than 1% in nearly all cases. This study shows that Monte Carlo simulation studies involving the Mevion S250 proton therapy unit can be a viable tool in commissioning and verification of the proton treatment planning system.
Tuning Frontier Orbital Energetics of Azaisoindigo‐Based Polymeric Semiconductors to Enhance the Charge‐Transport Properties
Authors: Huang Jianyao , Chen Zhihui , Mao Zupan , Gao Dong , Wei Congyuan , Lin Zuzhang , Li Hao , Wang Liping , Zhang Weifeng , Yu Gui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo establish a structure–property relationship between polymer backbone structures and field‐effect transistor performance has emerged as a new topic in organic electronics. The tunability and diversity of organic semiconductors provide the feasibility of controlling the electrical properties. Herein the characterization of thienothiophene‐, dithiophenylethene‐, biselenophene‐, and diselenophenylethene‐containing azaisoindigo copolymers is presented. As suggested by both theoretical calculations and experimental results, backbone electronic structure and linearity, density of side chains, aggregation, and thin film microstructure are involved in the differences in optical and electrical properties of these polymers. As the conjugation lengthens, n‐type behaviors of the polymer semiconductors are suppressed, leading to a variation from nearly balanced ambipolar behaviors to predominant p‐type characteristics. The effect of heteroatom substitution is also investigated. Notably, high hole and electron mobilities of 1.14 and 1.54 cm2 V−1 s−1 extracted from approximately ideal I–V curves are achieved with the top‐gate/bottom‐contact configuration transistors, demonstrating the potential of 7,7′‐diazaisoindigo‐based semiconducting polymers for applications in organic electronics.