bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES OF CERTAIN ANIMALS AND ISOLATED PREPARATIONS TO MIXTURES OF SNAKE VENOM AND EGG YOLK
Authors: Boquet Paul , Dworetzky Murray , Essex Hiram E. 
Published: December 2017

Page 566. P. Boquet, M. Dworetzky and H. E. Essex, "Physiologic Responses of Certain Animals and Isolated Preparations to Mixtures of Snake Venom and Egg Yolk." The last 2 sentences of the legend for figure 5 belong at the end of the legend for figure 4. These sentences read as follows: "Material in 2 syringes was injected simultaneously. Note return to base line in 2 minutes and stepwise return to normal contractility in 4 to 5 minutes." Page 571. The third sentence under Summary and Conclusions should read, "The D-L substance is heat stable."
Ingestion, gastric fill, and gastric emptying before and after withdrawal of gastric contents
Authors: Kaplan Joel M. , Siemers William , Grill Harvey J. 
Published: December 2017

The notion that satiation signals are derived from the stomach with no additional contribution of postgastric sources (J. A. Deutsch. In: Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience. Food and Water Intake. 1990, vol. 10, p. 151–182) was evaluated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the gastric contents were withdrawn after the rat met the satiety criterion for an initial intraoral intake test (12.5% glucose delivered at 1.0 ml/min). Ten minutes later, the intraoral infusion was continued until the rat again met the satiety criterion. We found that rats reingested an amount closely corresponding to the amount withdrawn, in agreement with previous studies using spout-licking tests. Despite a lower gastric emptying rate during reingestion than during the initial test, the amount recovered from the stomach (both volume and solute content) after reingestion was significantly less (gastric volume 16% less; gastric glucose 18% less) than that withdrawn initially. In experiment 2, a portion (8 ml) of the gastric contents was removed after the end of an initial intraoral intake test and, after 10 min, rats were again given an opportunity to ingest to satiety. The procedure was repeated for a total of three withdrawals (24 ml) and three reingestion opportunities. Rats accurately replaced the amounts withdrawn such that net intake at the end of the experiment did not differ from that ingested during the initial test. In addition, the amount recovered from the stomach after the terminal test was considerably less (gastric volume 25% less; gastric glucose 29% less) than that recovered at the end of single-test control sessions. Both experiments show that gastric feedback cannot alone account for the termination of intraoral intake. The results suggest that rats defend total intake and do so via the integration of signals derived from postgastric as well as gastric sources. stomach; satiation Submitted on November 15, 1993 Accepted on May 12, 1994
Altered vagal and sympathetic control of heart rate in left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure
Authors: Kinugawa Toru , Dibner-Dunlap Mark E. 
Published: December 2017

We investigated alterations in autonomic control of heart rate in conscious dogs with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the presence and absence of heart failure (HF) due to rapid pacing. In dogs with LV dysfunction but no HF, indexes of parasympathetic control decreased significantly after only 4 days of pacing. In dogs with fully developed HF, both vagal and sympathetic contributions were small. Vagomimetic doses of atropine increased both R-R interval (419 ± 25 to 466 ± 34 ms, P < 0.05) and standard deviation (SD) of the R-R interval (13 ± 2 to 34 ± 9 ms, P < 0.05). The digitalis glycoside deslanoside (Cedilanid-D) alone prolonged R-R interval (420 ± 33 to 492 ± 44 ms, P < 0.01) and tended to increase SD (14 ± 4 to 28 ± 8 ms, P = 0.08). After Cedilanid-D, low-dose atropine resulted in no significant further change in R-R interval or SD. These data indicate that changes in vagal control of heart rate become apparent at a very early developmental stage of LV dysfunction, and we speculate that this may provide important prognostic information in patients who are at risk for developing progressive myocardial dysfunction and HF. autonomic nervous system; digitalis glycoside; -blockade; low-dose atropine; pacing-induced heart failure Submitted on March 25, 1994 Accepted on August 17, 1994
Changes in the single-breath nitrogen washout curve on exposure to 17,600 ft
Authors: Gray G. W. , McFadden D. M. , Houston C. S. , Bryan A. C. 
Published: December 2017

Seventeen volunteers were exposed to 17,600 ft after an acclimatization period, at 9,800 ft. Single-breath nitrogen washout curves were done at base camp (2,600 ft), on days 2 and 4 at 9,800 ft, and on days 1, 2,3 4, and 7 at 17,600 ft. There was a significant 39% increase in the slope of phase III on day 2 at 9,800 ft, accompanied by a 125 ml mean increase in anatomic dead space (Vd) and a marked decrease in cardiac oscillations. By day 4 at 9,800 ft phase III slopes were reduced and were not significantly different from base-line controls, while cardiac oscillations were increased and Vd decreased from day 2. Subsequent exposure to 17,600 ft produced another significant increase in phase III slope to 87% above control, which by day 7 had decreased significantly to 63% above control. Cardiac oscillations were again diminished and Vd increased. These changes cannot be accounted for by changes in gas density, nor by the decrease in PIOO2 per se, since this alone would decrease the range of PaNN2. They suggest a pathophysiologic lung lesion which impairs gas mixing and increases asynchronous emptying during early altitude exposure. high-altitude pulmonary edema; gas-mixing impairment at altitude Submitted on November 7, 1974
Hypothalamic PVN contributes to acute intermittent hypoxia-induced sympathetic but not phrenic long-term facilitation
Authors: Blackburn Megan B. , Andrade Mary Ann , Toney Glenn M. 
Published: December 2017

Blackburn MB, Andrade MA, Toney GM. Hypothalamic PVN contributes to acute intermittent hypoxia-induced sympathetic but not phrenic long-term facilitation. J Appl Physiol 124: 1233–1243, 2018. First published December 19, 2017; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00743.2017 .— Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) repetitively activates the arterial chemoreflex and triggers a progressive increase of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and phrenic nerve activity (PNA) referred to as sympathetic and phrenic long-term facilitation (S-LTF and P-LTF), respectively. Neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) participate in the arterial chemoreflex, but their contribution to AIH-induced LTF is unknown. To determine this, anesthetized rats were vagotomized and exposed to 10 cycles of AIH, each consisting of ventilation for 3 min with 100% O2 followed by 3 min with 15% O2. Before AIH, rats received bilateral PVN injections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; vehicle) or the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol (100 pmol in 50 nl) to inhibit neuronal activity. Thirty minutes after completing the AIH protocol, during which rats were continuously ventilated with 100% O2, S-LTF and P-LTF were quantified from recordings of integrated splanchnic SNA and PNA, respectively. PVN muscimol attenuated increases of SNA during hypoxic episodes occurring in later cycles (6–10) of AIH ( P < 0.03) and attenuated post-AIH S-LTF ( P < 0.001). Muscimol, however, did not consistently affect peak PNA responses during hypoxic episodes and did not alter AIH-induced P-LTF. These findings indicate that PVN neuronal activity contributes to sympathetic responses during AIH and to subsequent generation of S-LTF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neural circuits mediating acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH)-induced sympathetic and phrenic long-term facilitation (LTF) have not been fully elucidated. We found that paraventricular nucleus (PVN) inhibition attenuated sympathetic activation during episodes of AIH and reduced post-AIH sympathetic LTF. Neither phrenic burst patterning nor the magnitude of AIH-induced phrenic LTF was affected. Findings indicate that PVN neurons contribute to AIH-induced sympathetic LTF. Defining mechanisms of sympathetic LTF could improve strategies to reduce sympathetic activity in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Chemoreflex mediated arrhythmia during apnea at 5,050 m in low- but not high-altitude natives
Authors: Busch Stephen A. , Davies Hannah , van Diepen Sean , Simpson Lydia L. , Sobierajski Frances , Riske Laurel , Stembridge Mike , Ainslie Philip N. , Willie Christopher K. , Hoiland Ryan , Moore Jonathan P. , Steinback Craig D. 
Published: December 2017

Peripheral chemoreflex mediated increases in both parasympathetic and sympathetic drive under chronic hypoxia may evoke bradyarrhythmias during apneic periods. We determined whether 1) voluntary apnea unmasks arrhythmia at low (344 m) and high (5,050 m) altitude, 2) high-altitude natives (Nepalese Sherpa) exhibit similar cardiovagal responses at altitude, and 3) bradyarrhythmias at altitude are partially chemoreflex mediated. Participants were grouped as Lowlanders ( n = 14; age = 27 ± 6 yr) and Nepalese Sherpa ( n = 8; age = 32 ± 11 yr). Lowlanders were assessed at 344 and 5,050 m, whereas Sherpa were assessed at 5,050 m. Heart rate (HR) and rhythm (lead II ECG) were recorded during rest and voluntary end-expiratory apnea. Peripheral chemoreflex contributions were assessed in Lowlanders ( n = 7) at altitude after 100% oxygen. Lowlanders had higher resting HR at altitude (70 ± 15 vs. 61 ± 15 beats/min; P < 0.01) that was similar to Sherpa (71 ± 5 beats/min; P = 0.94). High-altitude apnea caused arrhythmias in 11 of 14 Lowlanders [junctional rhythm ( n = 4), 3° atrioventricular block ( n = 3), sinus pause ( n = 4)] not present at low altitude and larger marked bradycardia (nadir −39 ± 18 beats/min; P < 0.001). Sherpa exhibited a reduced bradycardia response during apnea compared with Lowlanders ( P < 0.001) and did not develop arrhythmias. Hyperoxia blunted bradycardia (nadir −10 ± 14 beats/min; P < 0.001 compared with hypoxic state) and reduced arrhythmia incidence (3 of 7 Lowlanders). Degree of bradycardia was significantly related to hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) at altitude and predictive of arrhythmias ( P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate apnea-induced bradyarrhythmias in Lowlanders at altitude but not in Sherpa (potentially through cardioprotective phenotypes). The chemoreflex is an important mechanism in genesis of bradyarrhythmias, and the HVR may be predictive for identifying individual susceptibility to events at altitude. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The peripheral chemoreflex increases both parasympathetic and sympathetic drive under chronic hypoxia. We found that this evoked bradyarrhythmias when combined with apneic periods in Lowlanders at altitude, which become relieved through supplemental oxygen. In contrast, high-altitude residents (Nepalese Sherpa) do not exhibit bradyarrhythmias during apnea at altitude through potential cardioprotective adaptations. The degree of bradycardia and bradyarrhythmias was related to the hypoxic ventilatory response, demonstrating that the chemoreflex plays an important role in these findings.
Benzolamide perpetuates acidic conditions during reperfusion and reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Ciocci Pardo Alejandro , Díaz Romina G. , González Arbeláez Luisa F. , Pérez Néstor G. , Swenson Erik R. , Mosca Susana M. , Alvarez Bernardo V. 
Published: December 2017

During ischemia, increased anaerobic glycolysis results in intracellular acidosis. Activation of alkalinizing transport mechanisms associated with carbonic anhydrases (CAs) leads to myocardial intracellular Ca2+ increase. We characterize the effects of inhibition of CA with benzolamide (BZ) during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Other hearts were treated with BZ (5 μM) during the initial 10 min of reperfusion or perfused with acid solution (AR, pH 6.4) during the first 3 min of reperfusion. p38MAPK, a kinase linked to membrane transporters and involved in cardioprotection, was examined in hearts treated with BZ in presence of the p38MAPK inhibitor SB202190 (10 μM). Infarct size (IZ) and myocardial function were assessed, and phosphorylated forms of p38MAPK, Akt, and PKCε were evaluated by immunoblotting. We determined the rate of intracellular pH (pHi) normalization after transient acid loading in the absence and presence of BZ or BZ + SB202190 in heart papillary muscles (HPMs). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), Ca2+ retention capacity and Ca2+-mediated swelling after I/R were also measured. BZ, similarly to AR, reduced IZ, improved postischemic recovery of myocardial contractility, increased phosphorylation of Akt, PKCε, and p38MAPK, and normalized ΔΨm and Ca2+ homeostasis, effects abolished after p38MAPK inhibition. In HPMs, BZ slowed pHi recovery, an effect that was restored after p38MAPK inhibition. We conclude that prolongation of acidic conditions during reperfusion by BZ could be responsible for the cardioprotective benefits of reduced infarction and better myocontractile function, through p38MAPK-dependent pathways. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carbonic anhydrase inhibition by benzolamide (BZ) maintains acidity, decreases infarct size, and improves postischemic myocardial dysfunction in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) hearts. Protection afforded by BZ mimicked the beneficial effects elicited by an acidic solution (AR). Increased phosphorylation of p38MAPK occurs in I/R hearts reperfused with BZ or with AR. Mitochondria from I/R hearts possess abnormal Ca2+ handling and a more depolarized membrane potential compared with control hearts, and these changes were restored by treatment with BZ or AR.
Evaluation of Early Prognostic Factors of Mortality in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Wenzheng , Hu Jiang , Yao Bihui , Yang Xvsheng , Song Lei , Yin Ting , Liang Lu 
Published: December 2017

Early and accurate assessment of severity in acute pancreatitis (AP) is of great importance to provide effective disease management and prevent mortality. In this study, we aim to evaluate early indicators that predict the mortality of AP. We retrospectively analyzed 24-hour clinical characteristics and laboratory data in 166 AP patients recruited between January 2014 and November 2015 in Baotou Central Hospital. In total, 18 patients did not survive the disease. Multivariate logistic regression showed that red cell distribution (RDW) (OR = 2.965, P=0.001) and creatinine (OR = 1.025, P=0.005) were early independent risk factors of AP mortality while albumin (OR = 0.920, P=0.032) levels reduced AP mortality. The corresponding optimal cut-off values were 14.45, 125.5, and 34.95, respectively. The positive predictive values of the AP mortality were 80.1%, 54.5%, and 69.5%. In combined measurement, the area under the curve of RDW, creatinine, and albumin was 0.964 (95% CI: 0.924 to 1.000, P<0.001). RDW ≥ 14.45%, creatinine ≥ 125.5 μmol/l, and albumin ≤ 34.95 g/l indicated a good predictive value for mortality in AP patients with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 64.2%. RDW, creatinine, and albumin may serve as early indicators for AP mortality which warrants further clinical investigation.
Alkohol och äldre
Authors: Lindén-Boström Margareta , Persson Carina , Berglund Mats 
Published: December 2017

M. Lindén-Boström & C. Persson & M. Berglund: Risk consumption of alcohol among older people – results from a Swedish population study Aim The aim of this study was to describe risk consumption of alcohol among older people and relate it to living conditions, health behaviour, social support and health. Method We used data from Life & Health 2008, a postal questionnaire to inhabitants aged 18–84 in 55 municipalities in central Sweden. The study population included 40 267 respondents aged 18–84 and 21 326 respondents aged 55–84. The overall response rate was almost 60 per cent, a figure that differed between age groups with the highest rate, >70 per cent, among respondents aged 65–79. The first three questions in the AUDIT questionnaire were used to estimate risk consumption. They were also analysed separately to describe different patterns of alcohol consumption. Results In the 65–75 age group, 2.7 per cent of men and 1.9 per cent of women could be defined as risk consumers of alcohol. In the 76–84 age group, the corresponding figure is less than 1 per cent for both sexes. Risk consumption is related to high education, smoking, use of snuff, physical inactivity, psychological distress and use of tranquilisers. Conclusion Targeted preventive strategies need to be developed to tackle risk consumption among older people.
Increasing Travellers' Allowances in Sweden – how did it Affect Travellers' Imports and Systembolaget's Sales?
Authors: Ramstedt Mats , Gustafsson Nina-Katri 
Published: December 2017

Aim The aim of this study is to illuminate: 1. If the increases in travellers' allowances in 2002, 2003 and 2004 have been associated with increasing travellers' imports in Sweden? 2. How the (conceivable) effect was distributed during the following year? 3. If there were regional and beverage-specific variations in these effects? 4. How the patterns of change correspond to changes in sales at Systembolaget? Data and Method Data were obtained from a monthly survey and aggregated into annual and quarterly estimates of beverage-specific amounts of imported alcohol per adult for southern, mid- and northern Sweden as well as for the whole of Sweden. In the analysis subsequent quarters are compared after each quota change with the same quarters the previous year as well as with corresponding changes in sales at Systembolaget. Results The increase of spirits allowances in 2002 was not followed by a significant increase in any travellers' imports. The more substantial increases for all beverages in 2003 and particularly 2004 were followed by significant increases in the whole of Sweden and particularly in the Southern of Sweden. The quarterly changes, however, showed signs of a declining “charm of novelty” effect. Systembolaget sales only partly developed in the opposite direction of imports, suggesting that substitution did not always occur. Conclusions Travellers' imports increase with more liberal allowances but the magnitude of the effect depended on several factors, e.g., the proportion of the change and region in terms of distance to the Danish and German borders. Other factors seem to be changes of alcohol taxes in neighbouring countries, domestic availability and travelling habits. The declining “charm of novelty” effect suggest that the longer term implications of repealing these quotas may be less significant than was expected in the earlier public discussions.
Fibrous Crystals of E,E-1,4-Bis(3,5-ditrifluoromethylstyryl)benzene with High Emission Ability
Authors: Mochizuki Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
E,E-1,4-Bis(2,4-ditrifluoromethylstyryl)benzene (d24CF3) and E,E-1,4-bis(3,5-ditrifluoromethylstyryl)benzene (d35CF3) were synthesized. The d35CF3 crystals grown from solution displayed a unique fibrous form and emitted propagated fluorescence, and a d35CF3 film demonstrated a very low ionization potential of −6.7 eV. Meanwhile, d24CF3 crystals exhibited aggregation-induced emission.
A prospective comparative study of oral and vaginal misoprostol after pre-treatment with single dose of mifepristone for second trimester abortion
Authors: Bhaskar Aastha , Kaushik Richa , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: December 2017

Background: Misoprostol is a synthetic PGE1 analogue which induces cervical ripening as well as strong uterine contractions and leads to expulsion of pregnancy. Misoprostol has been shown to have several advantages over other prostaglandins; it is cheap, stable at room temperature and can be given by various routes. Administration of mifepristone 24 to 48 hours before misoprostol decreases mean induction time which varies with route of administration of misoprostol.Methods: 50 women with single intrauterine pregnancy with gestational age 13-20 weeks, admitted in labour room of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak for termination of pregnancy (on account of missed abortion, absent liquor or gross congenital malformation) were given 200 mg of mifepristone orally after taking written informed consent and excluding scarred uterus, placenta praevia, bronchial asthma, any cardiovascular disease, clotting disorder, long term use of glucocorticoids and history of glaucoma. Then they were randomized into two groups of 25 women each. Group I included 25 women who received oral misoprostol and group II included 25 women who received vaginal misoprostol. Complete abortion was defined as successful expulsion of both foetus and placenta without any intervention. Failure was defined as cases with incomplete expulsion or incomplete dilatation or no dilatation.Results: The mean number of doses of misoprostol used in groups I and group II were 2.80±1.19 and 2.20±0.86 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p value 0.04). Out of 25 patients included in each group, 64% (n=16) in group I and 80% (n=20) in group II patients had complete expulsion with misoprostol and remaining 36% (n=9) in group I and 20% (n=5) in group II either needed syntocinon or post expulsion evacuation for retained product of conceptions and who did not respond to the given doses of misoprostol at all required mechanical dilatation and evacuation. But this difference was not statistically significant. The mean induction abortion interval in cases of complete expulsion observed in group I was 10.74±4.12 hours and 8.67±3.23 hours in group II which was statistically significant (p value 0.05).Conclusions: Vaginal route is better than oral route for second trimester termination of pregnancy as it requires less number of Misoprostol doses and shorter induction abortion interval.
Spontaneous expulsion of a large infarcted endometrial polyp
Authors: Brar Rupinder K. , Deshpande Archana H. , Gargade Chitrawati B. , Singh Ashok 
Published: December 2017

A 30-year-female presented to gynaecology OPD with history of polymenorrhea for two months. Cervical scrape smear was negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy. The importance of sending the tissue for histopathological examination cannot be undermined considering the fact that the differential diagnosis includes malignancy.
Repair: a Dislocating Concept and its Vicissitudes
Authors: BAZAC Ana 
Published: December 2017

The concept of repair – and its very interesting synonyms (but, as we know, the synonyms are never perfectly superposing) – emphasises both its socially constructed meanings and its extra-theoretical relations or practical functions. My paper has two methodological goals. The first corresponds to the focus on the historical and social roots of the place of repair activities in different human societies, while the second consists in the insistence on the causes and consequences of the repudiation of repair in the present era of world capitalism.
Passing over the etymological sources of the specific action of repair, we cannot neglect its interdependence with both the labour processes and the scarcity that characterised ab initio the human societies. The paper explains how rarity and social domination relations are ontological factors directly determining the activities of repair, and also how the indirect ontological factors of tool-making ability and the level of the means of production (or, more generally, of productive forces) and the structural relations intertwine and fuel these activities. The entire logic of epistemological origins but also of the historical attitudes towards repair reflects the role of the social domination, concretely, of the capitalist relations imposing only a fragmented, anti-ecological perspective on nature-society.