bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-10 Enhances IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Responses and Is Essential for the Development of Experimental Food Allergy in IL-10–Deficient Mice
Authors: Polukort Stephanie H. , Rovatti Jeffrey , Carlson Logan , Thompson Chelsea , Ser-Dolansky Jennifer , Kinney Shannon R. M. , Schneider Sallie S. , Mathias Clinton B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
IL-10 is a key pleiotropic cytokine that can both promote and curb Th2-dependent allergic responses. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for IL-10 in promoting mast cell expansion and the development of IgE-mediated food allergy. Oral OVA challenge in sensitized BALB/c mice resulted in a robust intestinal mast cell response accompanied by allergic diarrhea, mast cell activation, and a predominance of Th2 cytokines, including enhanced IL-10 expression. In contrast, the development of intestinal anaphylaxis, including diarrhea, mast cell activation, and Th2 cytokine production, was significantly attenuated in IL-10−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. IL-10 also directly promoted the expansion, survival, and activation of mast cells; increased FcεRI expression on mast cells; and enhanced the production of mast cell cytokines. IL-10−/− mast cells had reduced functional capacity, which could be restored by exogenous IL-10. Similarly, attenuated passive anaphylaxis in IL-10−/− mice could be restored by IL-10 administration. The adoptive transfer of WT mast cells restored allergic symptoms in IL-10−/− mice, suggesting that the attenuated phenotype observed in these animals is due to a deficiency in IL-10–responding mast cells. Lastly, transfer of WT CD4 T cells also restored allergic diarrhea and intestinal mast cell numbers in IL-10−/− mice, suggesting that the regulation of IL-10–mediated intestinal mast cell expansion is T cell dependent. Our observations demonstrate a critical role for IL-10 in driving mucosal mast cell expansion and activation, suggesting that, in its absence, mast cell function is impaired, leading to attenuated food allergy symptoms.
Performance Management Practices: A Case Study of Bank Al-Habib Pakistan
Authors: Yaseen Ayesha , Afghan Sehrish 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: This paperexplores the relation betweenexercising different aspectof performance measures, connection to reward, and with the performance management systems (PMSs) effectiveness.It investigatesthe problems faced by the employees and appraiser in this system thus recommending the steps taken by the appraiser for the improvement of the employee’s performances in financial institutions.Methodology: primary and secondary data was collected. Qualitative and quantitative methodology is used bysurvey questionnaire and interviewing random sample of 30 respondents from bank Al-Habib. Furthermore it’s an exploratory study as it explores problems in performance management system of Bank Al-Habib.Findings: The performance management system of financial institution of Pakistan especially bank Al-Habibare fairly focused towards performance related outcomes, and less concerned about the realization ofend product like training and development of employees. The results showed the strong relation between exercising different aspect of performance measures, connection to reward, and with the performance management systems (PMSs) effectiveness. Various variables were identified in influencing the effectiveness of PMS.Practical implications: Findings showed that the financial institutions of Pakistan need to improve the efficiency of their PMS. It’s far advance and better now but still there’s a room for improvement.Originality/value:This study may assist bank managers in identifying flaws and overcoming them regarding their PMS. It also provide the clear idea about the factors influencing the effectiveness of PMSs in the Banking context
Evaluación de cocinas mejoradas tipo CETA hibrida, dentro del marco del programa terrena, en comunidades vulnerables del departamento de Jinotega
Authors: Reyes Aguilera Edwin Antonio , Medina Benavides Iviss Onelia , Rodríguez Tinoco Lesbia Lilieth 
Published: May 2016

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es evaluar las cocinas mejoradas tipo CETA Hibrida, implementadas en comunidades de Jinotega, sus impactos en las condiciones de vida de sus usuarios y el medio ambiente. Es una investigación cuantitativa según su enfoque, con un nivel de profundidad según su tipología: exploratoria, descriptiva y correlacional. La muestra del estudio es probabilístico, 36 cocinas mejoradas y 36 familias. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la encuesta basada en un cuestionario estructurado, prueba controlada de cocinado para medir el rendimiento de la cocina mejorada, se instalaron equipos de medición de partículas y monóxido de carbono. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las cocinas mejoradas contaminan menos el interior de las viviendas que las cocinas tradicionales, debido a la eficiencia y al diseño con chimenea de las cocinas mejoradas, consumen menos leña, menor tiempo en la cocción, disminuyen las enfermedades respiratorias, las cocinas mejoradas sin chimenea contaminan más que las tradicionales. Se concluye que el uso de estas cocinas es más eficiente que las tradicionales debido a su diseño y mayor concentración de calor en la cámara de combustión, menor despale de bosques y además debido a no darle seguimiento al proyecto la mayoría de estas cocinas están deterioradas.
Competitividad de las MIPYMES que se dedican a la producción y comercialización de productos lácteos, 2014
Authors: Matamoros Cornejo Meyling Massiel , Briones Amador Gema Aracely , Quezada Gámez Josué Efrain , Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

Esta investigación analiza la competitividad entre las MIPYMES de lacteos situadas en la ciudad de Estelí durante el año 2014, para proponer estrategias que mejoren la capacidad competitiva de estas microempresas. La hipótesis tiene como variable independiente, comercializacion y como variable dependiente, competitividad. Esta investigación es aplicada y cuantitativa; el universo de estudio son 12 MIPYMES de lacteos y 110 distribuidores de estas microempresas. El muestreo es probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se aplicaron encuestas y entrevistas semi estructuradas a propietarios de los negocios y a sus intermediarios. Esta investigación precisa tres ejes teóricos: Competitividad, Comercializacion y los Factores que influyen en la competitividad.
Explorando el Potencial Pedagógico del Relato Digital en un Contexto Nicaragüense
Authors: Torrez Nahum 
Published: May 2016

El presente estudio tuvo como principal objetivo explorar el potencial pedagógico del método del Relato Digital en un contexto nicaragüense. Por tal razón, en éste se presentó el origen de los conceptos relato digital y texto pedagógico. Adicionalmente, se investigó el punto de vista de diesiciete estudiantes de Ciencias de la Educación, de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Estelí (UNAN- FAREM- Estelí) sobre el valor pedagógico del relato digital en sus propios centros de trabajo, con sus propios estudiantes. Con el objetivo de presentar el método del relato digital a estudiantes nicaragüenses, se implementó un taller de relato digital en uno de los laboratorios de la facultad. Así mismo, se aplicó un cuestionario para obtener el punto de vista de los participantes sobre esta forma de contar historias como texto pedagógico. Los principales resultados muestran que los estudiantes si ven un potencial real en este método como una herramienta educativa, y también que lo consideran como algo innovador en su quehacer educativo.
La Universidad constructora de paradigmas
Authors: López Herrera Eduardo 
Published: May 2016

La universidad como institución rectora de la educación superior, pero sobre todo formadora de profesionales, tiene una mayúscula responsabilidad, porque al final de cuentas, su incidencia en el desarrollo nacional es muy visible, por lo tanto se tiene que estar reinventando, repensándose, dada su naturaleza cultural, académica, científica, que la convierte en una constructora de paradigmas, sobre todo en estos tiempos de incertidumbres racionales, de retos que impone la sociedad del conocimiento y de la información, igual que los retos que imponen las necesidades más sentidas de la población y que la universidad, responsable y creativamente, tiene que resolver porque es la universidad del pueblo
Equatorial electron loss by double resonance with oblique and parallel intense chorus waves
Authors: Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Agapitov O. V. , Mozer F. S. , Krasnoselskikh V. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPuzzling satellite observations of butterfly pitch angle distributions and rapid dropouts of 30–150 keV electrons are widespread in the Earth's radiation belts. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these observations, such as enhanced outward radial diffusion combined with magnetopause shadowing or scattering by intense magnetosonic waves, but their effectiveness is mainly limited to storm times. Moreover, the scattering of 30–150 keV electrons via cyclotron resonance with intense parallel chorus waves should be limited to particles with equatorial pitch angle smaller than 70°–75°, leaving unaffected a large portion of the population. In this paper, we investigate the possible effects of oblique whistler mode waves, noting, in particular, that Landau resonance with very oblique waves can occur up to ∼89°. We demonstrate that such very oblique chorus waves with realistic amplitudes can very efficiently nonlinearly transport nearly equatorially mirroring electrons toward smaller pitch angles where nonlinear scattering (phase bunching) via cyclotron resonance with quasi‐parallel waves can take over and quickly send them to much lower pitch angles <40°. The proposed double resonance mechanism could therefore explain the formation of butterfly pitch angle distributions as well as contribute to some fast dropouts of 30–150 keV electrons occurring during moderate geomagnetic disturbances at L = 4–6. Since 30–150 keV electrons represent a seed population for a further acceleration to relativistic energies by intense parallel chorus waves during storms or substorms, the proposed mechanism may have important consequences on the dynamics of 100 keV to MeV electron fluxes in the radiation belts.
Observations of seasonal subduction at the Iceland‐Faroe Front
Authors: Beaird N. L. , Rhines P. B. , Eriksen C.C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe polar front in the North Atlantic is bound to the ridge between Iceland and the Faroe Islands, where about one‐half of the northward transport of warm Atlantic Water into the Nordic Seas occurs, as well as about one sixth of the equatorward dense overflow. We find a low salinity water mass at the surface of the Iceland‐Faroe Front (IFF), which in wintertime subducts along outcropping isopycnals and is found in much modified form on the Atlantic side of the Iceland‐Faroe Ridge (IFR) crest. The features found on the Atlantic side of the crest at depth have temperature and salinity characteristics which are clearly traceable to the surface outcrop of the IFF. The presence of coherent low salinity layers on the Atlantic side of the IFR crest has not been previously reported. Warm waters above the IFR primarily feed the Faroe Current, and injection of a low salinity water mass may play an early role in the water mass transformation taking place in the Nordic Seas. The seasonality of the intrusive features suggests a link between winter convection, mixed layer instability and deep frontal subduction. These low salinity anomalies (as well as a low oxygen water mass from the Iceland Basin) can be used as tracers of the intermediate circulation over the IFR.
A three‐dimensional sectional representation of aerosol mixing state for simulating optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei
Authors: Ching Joseph , Zaveri Rahul A. , Easter Richard C. , Riemer Nicole , Fast Jerome D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLight absorption by black carbon (BC) particles emitted from fossil fuel combustion depends on their size and how thickly they are coated with nonrefractory species such as ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, organics, and water. The cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation behavior of a particle depends on its dry size and the hygroscopicities of all the individual species mixed together. It is therefore necessary to represent both size and mixing state of aerosols to reliably predict their climate‐relevant properties in atmospheric models. Here we describe and evaluate a novel sectional framework in the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (box model), referred to as MOSAIC‐mix, that represents the mixing state by resolving aerosol dry size (Ddry), BC dry mass fraction (wBC), and hygroscopicity (k). Using 10 idealized urban plume scenarios in which different types of aerosols evolve over 24 h under a range of atmospherically relevant conditions, we examine errors in CCN concentrations and optical properties with respect to the level of detail of the aerosol mixing state representation. We find that a small number of wBC and k bins can achieve significant reductions in the errors and propose a configuration with 24 Ddry bins, 2 wBC bins, and 2 k bins that give average errors of about 5% or less in CCN concentrations and optical properties, 3–4 times lower than those from size‐only resolved (i.e., internally mixed) simulations. These results suggest that MOSAIC‐mix is suitable for use in regional and global models to examine the effects of mixing state on aerosol‐radiation‐cloud feedbacks.
Heterogeneous rheology controlled postseismic deformation of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake
Authors: Muto Jun , Shibazaki Bunichiro , Iinuma Takeshi , Ito Yoshihiro , Ohta Yusaku , Miura Satoshi , Nakai Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing two‐dimensional finite element modeling, we reproduced the observed postseismic deformation of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. Our model, which accounts for the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary and weak zones beneath volcanoes, was able to reproduce small‐scale (<20 km) perturbations in postseismic deformation observed by the dense geodetic network, such as local subsidence around Quaternary volcanoes. The inverted afterslip has a peak at the downdip limit of the main rupture region on the subducting plate interface, consistent with physical predictions. The combination of afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation in a heterogeneous rheology model explains the observations well, even on small scales.
Ice core reconstruction of sea ice change in the Amundsen‐Ross Seas since 1702 A.D.
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth R. , Abram Nerilie J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAntarctic sea ice has been increasing in recent decades, but with strong regional differences in the expression of sea ice change. Declining sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea since 1979 (the satellite era) has been linked to the observed warming on the Antarctic Peninsula, while the Ross Sea sector has seen a marked increase in sea ice during this period. Here we present a 308 year record of methansulphonic acid from coastal West Antarctica, representing sea ice conditions in the Amundsen‐Ross Sea. We demonstrate that the recent increase in sea ice in this region is part of a longer trend, with an estimated ~1° northward expansion in winter sea ice extent (SIE) during the twentieth century and a total expansion of ~1.3° since 1702. The greatest reconstructed SIE occurred during the mid‐1990s, with five of the past 30 years considered exceptional in the context of the past three centuries.
Global correlation of lower mantle structure and past subduction
Authors: Domeier Mathew , Doubrovine Pavel V. , Torsvik Trond H. , Spakman Wim , Bull Abigail L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAdvances in global seismic tomography have increasingly motivated identification of subducted lithosphere in Earth's deep mantle, creating novel opportunities to link plate tectonics and mantle evolution. Chief among those is the quest for a robust subduction reference frame, wherein the mantle assemblage of subducted lithosphere is used to reconstruct past surface tectonics in an absolute framework anchored in the deep Earth. However, the associations heretofore drawn between lower mantle structure and past subduction have been qualitative and conflicting, so the very assumption of a correlation has yet to be quantitatively corroborated. Here we show that a significant, time‐depth progressive correlation can be drawn between reconstructed subduction zones of the last 130 Myr and positive S wave velocity anomalies at 600–2300 km depth, but that further correlation between greater times and depths is not presently demonstrable. This correlation suggests that lower mantle slab sinking rates average between 1.1 and 1.9 cm yr−1.
Climate regulates alpine lake ice cover phenology and aquatic ecosystem structure
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Caine Nel , McKnight Diane M. , Williams Mark W. , Hell Katherina , Miller Matthew P. , Hart Sarah J. , Johnson Pieter T. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh‐elevation aquatic ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change, yet relatively few records are available to characterize shifts in ecosystem structure or their underlying mechanisms. Using a long‐term data set on seven alpine lakes (3126 to 3620 m) in Colorado, USA, we show that ice‐off dates have shifted 7 days earlier over the past 33 years and that spring weather conditions—especially snowfall—drive yearly variation in ice‐off timing. In the most well studied lake, earlier ice‐off associated with increases in water residence times, thermal stratification, ion concentrations, dissolved nitrogen, pH, and chlorophyll a. Mechanistically, low spring snowfall and warm temperatures reduce summer stream flow (increasing lake residence times) but enhance melting of glacial and permafrost ice (increasing lake solute inputs). The observed links among hydrological, chemical, and biological responses to climate factors highlight the potential for major shifts in the functioning of alpine lakes due to forecasted climate change.
Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial communities: An application of macromolecular rate theory to microbial respiration
Authors: Alster Charlotte J. , Koyama Akihiro , Johnson Nels G. , Wallenstein Matthew D. , von Fischer Joseph C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere is compelling evidence that microbial communities vary widely in their temperature sensitivity and may adapt to warming through time. To date, this sensitivity has been largely characterized using a range of models relying on versions of the Arrhenius equation, which predicts an exponential increase in reaction rate with temperature. However, there is growing evidence from laboratory and field studies that observe nonmonotonic responses of reaction rates to variation in temperature, indicating that Arrhenius is not an appropriate model for quantitatively characterizing temperature sensitivity. Recently, Hobbs et al. (2013) developed macromolecular rate theory (MMRT), which incorporates thermodynamic temperature optima as arising from heat capacity differences between isoenzymes. We applied MMRT to measurements of respiration from soils incubated at different temperatures. These soils were collected from three grassland sites across the U.S. Great Plains and reciprocally transplanted, allowing us to isolate the effects of microbial community type from edaphic factors. We found that microbial community type explained roughly 30% of the variation in the CO2production rate from the labile C pool but that temperature and soil type were most important in explaining variation in labile and recalcitrant C pool size. For six out of the nine soil × inoculum combinations, MMRT was superior to Arrhenius. The MMRT analysis revealed that microbial communities have distinct heat capacity values and temperature sensitivities sometimes independent of soil type. These results challenge the current paradigm for modeling temperature sensitivity of soil C pools and understanding of microbial enzyme dynamics.
Polystyrene nanoparticles as surfactant carriers for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Neves Libório De Avila Jocasta , Louise Grecco Cavalcanti De Araujo Lorraine , Drexler Santiago , de Almeida Rodrigues Jorge , Sandra Veiga Nascimento Regina 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIt is well known that oil recovery processes can be increased by surfactant solution injections in the reservoir. However, the high adsorption of this type of compounds on the reservoirs rocks surface is one of the factors that have been preventing the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) development and the economicity of the process. This work presents the synthesis of cross‐linked polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNP) and their evaluation as surfactant carriers, able to percolate through the reservoirs pores and to deliver it at the water/oil interface. The nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of nonylphenol ethoxylate‐10 (NF‐10EO) or sodium dodecyl sulphate. Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Interfacial Tension results gave support to the initial supposition that the nanoparticles would swell when in contact with the oil phase, releasing the surfactant at the interface. The nanoparticles obtained with NF‐10EO were able to reduce the water/oil interfacial tension to values that were similar to the ones obtained with the aqueous solution of NF‐10EO. The results suggest that the PSNP have a great potential to be used as surfactant carriers in EOR. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43789.
ChemInform Abstract: RAMAN STUDIES ON MOLYBDENUM(V) SPECIES IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS
Authors: HIMENO S. , HASEGAWA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Raman‐Spek‐ Iren von MolV) in konz., 6 M, 3 Mund I M HCl‐Lösungen führen zu dem Schluß, daß in I M HCl ein dimerer Chlorokomplex mit dem Rumpf?) vorherrscht, während in 3‐5 M HCl ein Dimeres mit dem RumpHll) die Huuptspezies ist.
ChemInform Abstract: INORGANIC NONSTOICHIOMETRIC COMPOUNDS. XXIII. NEW BUILDING ELEMENTS OF METASTABLE BLOCK STRUCTURES IN THE NIOBIUM PENTOXIDE/TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE SYSTEM. HIGH‐RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: GROH H. , GRUEHN R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEs wird untersucht, bis zu welchem Ausmaß sich im System NbgOg/WO, das Existenzgebiet der Blockstrukturen (Ende unter Gleichgewichtsbedingungen bei einer Phase 9 Nb3O5:8 WO, mit O/XM = 2.654 (M: Nb, W) und W/Nb = 0.444) zu höheren WOyGehalten erweitern Iäßt. Ausgehend von den bekannten Phasen Nb3O5:W0, = 62l, 7:3, 8:5 und 9:8 werden durch Substitutionen von Nb durch W Mischkristallreihen erhalten (gleiche Ausgangsstruktur und unverändertes 0/ 2M), die in ein "reduziertes" System (z. NbOz/ Nb2O5/WO3) hineinführen, und deren vollständige Oxidation bei s: 500°C zu metastabilen Produkten mit Block‐ Strukturen führt.
ChemInform Abstract: MASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF THE VAPORIZATION OF CESIUM IODIDE AND THERMOCHEMISTRY OF CESIUM IODIDE DIMER AND TRIMER, (CSI)2(G) AND (CSI)3(G)
Authors: VISWANATHAN R. , HILPERT K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMass Spectrometric Study of the Vaporization of Cesium lodide and Thermochemistry of (Csl)z(g) and (Csl),(g).
ChemInform Abstract: PERCOLATIVE PHENOMENA IN MICROEMULSIONS OF THE ′ONE‐COMPONENT MACROFLUID′ TYPE
Authors: EICKE H.‐F. , HILFIKER R. , HOLZ M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Temp‐Abhängigkeiten des Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten (D) des Wassers sowie der spezifischen Leitfähigkeiten (X) bei starkem und schwachem Feld werden im Perkolationsbereich ternärer Mischungen aus Wasser, AOT und Öl bestimmt und zum ersten Mal eine ausgeprägte Ähnlichkeit im Verhalten von Dund x nachgewiesen.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION‐METAL CLUSTER CHEMISTRY: REACTIONS OF MANGANESE DIMER ION (MN2+) WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN
Authors: ARMENTROUT P. B. , LOH S. K. , ERVIN K. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMnf" wird durch Elektronenstoß‐Ionisierung und Fragmentierung von Mn2(CO)", dargestellt und in Form eines Ionenstrahls mit O2 zur Reaktion gebracht.