bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corn Insect Pest Management with Selected At-Planting Insecticide and Starter Fertilizer Treatments, 1994
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Riley T. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticidal efficacy, effect on plant growth and corn seed yields of selected treatments applied as in-furrow sprays at planting (IFSAP) and in-furrow granules at planting (IFGAP) were compared to that of an untreated check. Native winter vegetation was allowed to cover the area in the test. Gramoxone X-tra (1.5 pt/acre) was applied 2 wk pre-plant to terminate all vegetation. All plots also received atrazine 4L (3.0 pt/acre) + Roundup D-pak (3.0 pt/acre) at planting. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) × 45 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Corn was planted no-till in a Gigger silt loam (pH = 5.9, 1.1% organic matter) on 3 Mar with a John Deere 7300 planter modified to apply treatments through a granular applicator hopper box or as a directed spray into the seed furrow. IFSAP treatments for Furadan 4F mixed with the starter fertilizer (11-37-0) or starter fertilizer alone were applied with a CO2-charged system calibrated to deliver 5 gal total spray/acre through 8002 flat fan nozzles (1/row) at 48 psi. IFSAP treatments for Furadan 4F without fertilizer were applied with a CO2-charged system calibrated to deliver 5 gal total spray/acre through 8002 flat fan nozzles (1/row) at 40 psi. Numbers of chinch bugs were recorded on 22, 28 Apr and 2 May by sampling 10 plants in each plot. Armyworm damage to plants was determined by recording all damaged plants on the center 2 rows of each plot 1 wk after plant emergence. Cutworm damage to plants was recorded weekly for 4 wk after emergence and was determined by recording all damaged plants on the center 2 rows of each plot. Plant stand density was measured on 16 May by sampling the entire 2 center rows of each plot. Plant height was measured on 19 May by taking an average of 20 plants/plot. Yields were measured by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot on 18 Aug. The entire test was furrow irrigated throughout the season and rainfall was not a factor influencing final seed yields.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Suppression of Sorghum Midge on Sorghum, 1994
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for sorghum midge control at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Station, TX. Hybrid grain sorghum (ATx399 × RTx430) was planted 20 May in rows spaced 30 inches apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 8 rows × 40 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots. Insecticides were applied between 0800 and 0900 hours CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 5.6 gpa. Application began when 10-30% of the panicles were flowering; insecticides were applied 10, 13, and 16 Jul. Adult sorghum midge abundance was determined just prior to each application by counting the number of sorghum midges on 10 individual sorghum panicles enclosed in clear plastic bags. The panicles were cut from the plant and returned to the laboratory for examination and sorghum midge counts. Grain yield data were collected from the 2 middle rows per plot. Panicles were hand harvested from selected 8.75 ft sections of row/plot and mechanically threshed. Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD.
Black Cutworm and Sod Webworm Larval Control on Golf Course Turfgrass Nursery, Medina County, Oh, 1994
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , Power K. T. , Belcher M. , Niemczyk H. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on the Westfield Country Club bentgrass nursery. Insecticides and nematodes were applied 11 Jul to plots 4 × 8 ft (1.2 × 2.4 m) arranged in a RCB with the blocks separated by 3 ft (0.91 m) and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer with TeeJet® XR8006VS nozzles at 30 psi (2.11 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 1.0 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). Treatments were not irrigated after application. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. Turf: level, dense, 7/,6 inch (11 mm) height, heavy dew present. Thatch: loose, moist, V* to 3/s inch (6-9 mm) or less. Soil: moist, 76°F (24.4°C) at 1.0 inch (2.5 cm), 75°F (23.9°C) at 3.0 inch (7.6 cm), sandy loam. Weather: mostly sunny, 76 to 82°F (24.4-27.8°C), 0 to 7 mph (0-11.7 km/h) wind. Efficacy data taken 15 Jul (4 DAT) and 25 Jul (14 DAT) were based on the number of BCW and SWW larvae flushed to the surface in a 1.0 yd2 (0.84 m2) area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Joy®1 dishwashing detergent in 2.0 gal (7.6 liter) water.
Evaluation of Merit Formulations to Control Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Wayne, Pa, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCBD, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with topdressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 80°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 80°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 76°F; RH, 78%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 24.5% sand, 60.6% silt, 14.9% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.8%; organic matter, 8.0%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 4.8; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Counts were made 118 DAT (20 Sep). The total number of new freshly constructed green June beetle burrows were recorded from each replicate (54 ft2).
Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Experimental and Conventional Formulations on a Golf Course Fairway in Centre County, Pa, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO, compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 64°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 64°F; RH, 95%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.75 inches; soil type, loam to clay-loam; soil particle size analysis: 36.3% sand, 36.9% silt, 26.8% clay; organic matter, 4.2%; soil moisture (oven baked), 22.0%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.1; and heavily overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area received 0.3 inches natural rainfall. Posttreatment counts were completed on 15 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Thrips on Dendrobium, Hi, 1994
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. , Hu Ben K. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tests were conducted from 14 Jul through 8 Sep 1994 on 8 year old orchid plants at a commercial dendrobium farm in Kailua-Kona. Plants were growing in 1.3 cm crushed basaltic rock under 30% polypropylene shade using standard cultural practices. Experimental plots measured 40 ft2 with 58 plants per plot arranged in a RCB with four blocks. Four weekly applications of insecticides were applied beginning 14 Jul and ending 4 Aug. A spreader-sticker (Ad-here, J. R. Simplot, Lanthrop, CA) was added to all foliar treatments, including the control, at a rate of 0.5 ml per liter solution. Insecticides were applied at 1,345 liters/ha using a backpack sprayer (Solo Inc., Newport News, VA) equipped with an 8004 Teejet nozzle (Spraying systems Co. Wheaton, IL) at 276 KPa. The control was sprayed with water. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by randomly harvesting 5 inflorescences weekly from each block. Blossoms were removed from the inflorescences, counted, and placed in Berlese funnels heated with a 60 watt incandescent light bulb. Thrips were collected in an 8:2:1:1 solution of ethanol, distilled H20, acetic acid and glycerin, and the number of nymphs and adults counted. Because the number of blossoms per inflorescences varied, thrips counts were adjusted to the number of thrips per blossom by dividing the total number of thrips recovered by the total number of blossoms. Data were transformed to log,0(x + 1) and analyzed by ANOVA.
Response of Mexican Corn Rootworm to Insecticides, 1991
Authors: Guerrero-Rodriguez E. , Davalos-Luna S. , Corrales-Reynaga J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Populations of MCR of commercial field corn from Arenal, Jalisco were exposed to nine insecticides of organophosphorous (OP), cabamate, organo chlorinated and pyrethroid groups. Larvae were collected from the roots of corn plants daily, and confined in polyethylene black bags of two kg capacity with humidity and germinated corn as food for larvae. Insects were taken to the laboratory of Sanidad Vegetal in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Dilutions of the insecticides tested were prepared using acetone from 500 to 5000 ppm (6 to 9 dosage/product). For this study 20 larvae of last instar were selected and 1 u, liter of the solution was placed topically on the thorax, after this, each larva was placed in a petri dish with a moistened paper towel and the petri dishes confined in a cardboard box to eliminate light. Mortality counts were carried out at 24 hours. Percent mortality was corrected by Abbott’s formula. The mortality data were analyzed by probit to obtain LC50 and LC,5 values for each insecticide.
Bioassay, Effect of Field-Aged Residue Degradation of Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1994
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doer M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Using a leaf-disk bioassay, B. thuringiensis products (Dipel and Troy Bt), and B. thuringiensis with feeding stimulants (Konsume and Coax) were evaluated for residue effects on PLR and OBLR neonate larvae. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. The treatments were applied on 8 Sep at the recommended rate with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Each treatment was replicated three times with one tree in each. Ten leaves were collected from the interior canopy of each tree at 1, 4, 6 and 8 (OBLR) DAT. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50 × 9 mm), keeping the leaves from each replication separate. Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaves. Five petri dishes were prepared for each replicate and each leafroller species (75 larvae per treatment). The petri dishes were placed inside a food storage container and kept at 20°C constant temperature and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Petri dishes were examined after 7 d and larval survival recorded.
Apple, Acaricides Test, 1994
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted, high pressure (450 psi) handgun sprayer dilute to singletree plots of ‘Empire’ apples that were 10.5 ft high and planted 14 by 21 ft apart. Treatments were in a RCB design, replicated three times. Plots were separated by an unsprayed buffer tree. This test was designed to compare the effectiveness of acaricides against high summer mite populations. The first spray was applied on 18 Jul, when mite populations in the orchard exceeded recommended threshold levels of 5.0 mites per leaf. All plots were retreated on 28 Jul. ERM were counted on 25 randomly selected intermediate-aged fruit cluster or spur leaves in the laboratory using a dissecting microscope at zero, three and seven days after the first treatment. After the second spray, mites were counted on 25 randomly selected leaves/tree at weekly intervals. Mites were removed from leaves of samples after the second spray with a Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine.
Effect of Surfactants on Beet Armyworm and Fall Armyworm Larvae, 1994
Authors: Chandler L. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six commercially-available surfactants/ wetting agents were compared to determine their toxic effects on beet armyworm and fall armyworm larvae. Larvae used in this study were obtained from the USDA-ARS Insect Biology and Population Management Research Lab in Tifton, GA, and were 4-days-old on the day of treatment. Surfactants were mixed in water at the rates of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15% of the total volume. Larvae (10 of each species/surfactant rate) were placed individually into 30 ml plastic cups containing 10 ml of bean diet. Surfactant/water mixes were then applied to the dorsal surface of each larva at the rate of 10 u,l/larva. Diet cups were capped and placed in an environmental chamber at 24° ± 2°C, 50 ± 5% RH, and 12:12 (light-dark) photoperiod. After 24 h the number of live and dead larvae were counted for each surfactant rate. These experiments were repeated three times. Data were analyzed using the POLO-PC Probit procedure (LeOra Software, 1987).
Chemical Control of Citrus Leafminer in Lime, 1994
Authors: Peña J. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides for the control of CLM were evaluated from 9 Jun through 14 Jul 1994 on 15 yr old trees 2.5 m tall on 21 × 21 ft spacing in Homestead, FL. A randomized complete block design was used with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication consisted of 3 trees. Treatments were sprayed with a handgun at 350 PSI with complete coverage using approximately 200 gpa. Samples consisted of 1 flush from each tree, from which 7 to 20 consecutive leaves were observed which represented 84—80 leaves per treatment. Samples were examined with a dissecting microscope to determine larvae (alive or dead), pupae, number of mines per leaf and percent surface damage per leaf.
Ear Infesting Insect Control in Sweet Corn, 1994
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Butterfruit’ sweet corn was planted 11 Jul on the Fry Farm at the OARDC, Wooster, Ohio. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 6-8 inches between plants. Plots consisted of 1 row, 50 ft in length, with one untreated guard row between plots and 8 ft of untreated corn at either end of each plot. Treatments were applied during the silking period on 2, 6, and 14 Sep using a backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi with a flat fan nozzle directed at the ear zone. Plots were evaluated 20 Sep by examining 30 ears per plot for any lepidopteran pests infesting the ears and for feeding damage to the kernels.
Foliar Sprays to Control European Corn Borer and Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn, 1994
Authors: Prostak Donald J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 5 Jul at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of 4 rows, 50 ft long on 3 ft centers with 9 inches between plants. Buffers were 12 ft driveways, two additional rows between adjacent plots, and 5 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 4, 11, and 16 Aug with a CO2-pressurized single hollow-cone nozzle, hand-held sprayer that delivered 78.7 gal/acre at 60 psi in a 12 inch band over the row. Nozzle was held six inches from the top of the plants with the spray being directed to the interior area of the whorl. At the time of the first application, plants were approximately 10 inches high in the early whorl stage. During the test period ECB and FAW populations were moderate and low, respectively. A preapplication evaluation showed that 54% of the plants were infested with either larvae. Plots were evaluated on 23 Aug by examining 25 plants randomly harvested from the middle 35 ft of the middle 2 rows of each replicate. All ECB and FAW larvae in the whorl were identified and counted.
Control of Fall Armyworm in Whorl-Stage Sweet Corn Using Botanical Foliar Sprays, 1994
Authors: Prostak Donald J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 4 Aug at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of 5 rows, 27 ft long on 3 ft centers with 9 inches between plants. Buffers were 12 ft driveways, two additional rows between adjacent plots, and 3 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 8 Aug, 6, 12, and 19 Sep with a CO2-pressurized single hollow-cone nozzle, hand-held sprayer that delivered 78.7 gal/acre at 60 psi in a 12 inch band over the row. Nozzle was held six inches from the top of the plants with the spray being directed to the interior area of the whorl. At the time of the first application, plants were approximately 4 inches high in the early whorl stage. During the test period FAW populations were heavy. Plots were evaluated on 22 Sep by examining 10 plants randomly harvested from the middle 20 ft of the middle 3 rows of each replicate. All FAW larvae in the whorl were identified and counted.
Apple, Control of the Pandemis Leafroller in Summer with RH-5992, 1993
Authors: Brunner J. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experimental insecticide, RH-5992, was evaluated for its ability to control PLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard located near Wenatchee. Trees were 10-yr-old spur-type ‘Oregon Spur II’ on seedling roots. The orchard was irrigated by undertree sprinklers on a weekly 12-h set. Treatments were applied to three-tree plots replicated five times in a RCBD, with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. Treatments were applied on 19 Jul at the beginning of the egg hatch period. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 5 Aug when surviving larvae could be easily located in growing shoots. Each tree was sampled and the number of live leafroller larvae recorded.
Onion Maggot Control with Seed Furrow Treatments, 1994
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seeds were planted 27 Jun, excepting the Stalker treatment planted 9 May, in muck soil near Prattsburg, New York, on Franjo Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Germination and damage counts were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were planted using a hand-pushed cone seeder at the rate of 9 seeds/ft delivering 75 gal of water/acre. In-furrow insecticide treatments were based on a 15 inch row width with Dithane F-45 applied in the furrow at 2 qts formulation/acre to minimize onion smut (Urocystis cepulae). Final stand counts were made on 1 Jun with the exception of the Stalker treatment where final counts were made 6 Jun. Damage readings were made from 3 Jun through 7 Jul.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Carrot Aphid and Green Peach Aphid on Seedling Carrots, 1995
Authors: Butler Marvin D. , Fisher Glenn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of carrot aphid and green peach aphid in a commercial field of ‘Nantes O.P.’ seed carrots planted September 1 on 30 inch beds near Madras, Oregon. The 10 ft X 20 ft plots were replicated 3 times in a RCB design. A four-row strip, one plot wide, was planted with Admire-treated seed. Foliar insecticide applications were made on 9 Oct using TeeJet XR8002 nozzles on a 9 ft CO2 pressurized, hand-held, boom sprayer at 30 psi and 20 gal/acre of water. Silgard at 1.5 pt/100 gal was applied in combination with foliar insecticide applications. Counts were made 8 DAT and 18 DAT on 17 Oct and 27 Oct. Efficacy was determined by placing fifteen randomly collect carrot seedlings per plot in a Schun Shaker with methyl ethyl ketone. Aphids were collected in a jar at the base of the funnel, and transferred into vials of ethanol for identification.
Fall Armyworm Control in Sweet Corn, 1995
Authors: Seal D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Five insecticide treatments were applied to control the fall armyworm in sweet corn. All insecticide treatments were compared with a nontreated check. Test plots measuring 2 rows by 25 ft were established in a commercial farm in Homestead, FL. Treatment plots were arranged in a RCBD with four replications. Treatments were applied weekly on 5 dates between 30 May and 29 June 1995 by a backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles/row delivering 100 gals/acre at 40 psi. Effects of different treatments on the control of fall armyworm were determined by counting armyworms on randomly selected five plant/treatment plot 24 hours after each application.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers in Lettuce, 1995
Authors: Kerns D. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded into double-rows on 40-in beds on 6 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots were four beds wide by 30 ft long. Each plot was bordered on each side by two blank beds. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer with three TX-6 hollow cone nozzles per bed, calibrated to deliver 40 gal/acre at 200 psi. All treatment applications included Kinetic spreader-sticker at 0.05% v/v. Treatments were applied on 21, 28 Sep, 6, 14, 19 and 26 Oct. Evaluations for lepidopterous larvae control were made four or five days after each treatment (26 Sep, 3, 11, 18, 24 and 31 Oct) by randomly selecting 25 plants per plot and counting the number of live small (1st and 2nd instar) and large (&gt;2nd instar) BAW and CL larvae. Control of LM was evaluated by randomly collecting ten mid-plant leaves from each plot and placing them in leafminer emergence cages. Adult and pupae leafminers were removed from the emergence cages after three weeks and counted. L. sativae was the predominant species detected but data was pooled for analysis. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Control of Onion Thrips, Ft. Collins, Co 1995, Trial 2
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Aldosari Saleh , Sclar D. Casey , Bishop Jason , Spriggs Aaron 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental site was established at the Colorado State University, Department of Horticulture Field Research Center April 29 by seeding into double row beds. Individual plots consisted of single beds, 20-ft in length, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Applications were applied 27 July and 10 August using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 10.7 gal/acre at 45 psi, making a single pass along both sides of the plot. Evaluations were made by counting thrips from 10 plants per plot.