bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION, NITROGEN AND WEEDING ON YIELD COMPONENTS AND STRAW YIELD OF TRITICALE
Authors: Yusuf, N. B.  , Fagam, A. S.  , Shuaibu, Y. M.  , Kawure, S.  
Published: October 2024

Field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 dry seasons to study the influence of irrigation, nitrogen and weeding on yield components and straw yield of triticale at Saulawa (Latitude 12040’11”N and Longitude 7048’19”E) in Katsina State. The treatments consisted of three irrigation intervals (5, 7 and 9 days), four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1) and three weeding regimes (No weeding, one weeding at 20 days after sowing (DAS) and two weeding at 20 and 40 DAS), these were arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Irrigation intervals were allocated to main plot while factorial combinations of nitrogen levels and weeding regimes were allocated to the sub-plots. Data were collected on number of spikelets/spike, number of grain/spike, weight of grain/spike and straw yield. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was adopted in separating means. The results of the experiment revealed a significant (P≤0.05) difference among the treatments used throughout the study period. The result further indicated that yield components and straw yield of triticale were significantly (P≤0.05) higher at 5 days irrigation interval with the application of 120 kg N ha-1 and twice weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Irrigation interval beyond 5 days significantly (P≤0.05) decreased triticale straw yield. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly (P≤0.05) increased straw yield and most of the yield characters. Similarly, two weeding at 20 and 40 DAS significantly (P≤0.05) increased straw yield of the crop. Based on the result of this findings, 5 days irrigation interval, 120 kg N ha-1 and two weeding at 20 and 40 DAS were recommended for higher grain and straw yield in the study area.
INFLUENCE OF VARIETY AND POTASSIUM ON THE GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) IN THE DRY SAVANNA ECOLOGY OF NIGERIA
Authors: Rufai, S.  , Dalawa, Y.U.  , Shittu, E.A.  , Lado, A.  , Isa, H.M.  , Bello, T.T.  
Published: October 2024

A field trial was conducted during the 2018 rainy season at Dawakin Kudu (DKD) and Bichi (BCH), both in Sudan savannah ecological zone of Nigeria, to study the influence of variety and potassium on the growth, yield, oil content, and antioxidant (tocopherol) content of soybeans. The treatments consisted of two (2) varieties of soybean (TGX 1448-2E and TGX 1835-10) and four (4) rates of potassium (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). These were factorially combined to give eight (8) treatments combination and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. Data were collected on the growth, yield, oil and tocopherol content of soybean and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Genstat 17th Edition, and significantly different treatment means were separated using Tukey HSD at 5% probability. Result of the study revealed that, although the K levels did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter the soybeans' growth or yield-related components at either location, there was a noticeable increase in the aforementioned characters at DWK compared to BCH. Similarly, the oil content (6.6-8.3%) and antioxidants (7.83-10.6 mg/l) in DWK outweigh those of BCH (2.4-3.0% and 4.31-5.10 mg/l). Variety on the other hand, TGX 1448-2E produces higher oil and antioxidant content at both DKD and BCH than TGX 1835-10. It can be concluded and recommended that farmers in this study area adopt the TGX1448-2E variety of soybeans as their planting material with the application of 50 kg ha-1 of K on their farm land.
USAER ante Procesos de Orientación, Asesoría y Acompañamiento en la NEM, Narrativa Metodológica
Authors: Morales Ramírez Roxana 
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo plantea el actuar de los equipos de apoyo USAER ante procesos de Orientación, Asesoría y Acompañamiento ante la NEM, reto que implica innovar y reformular acciones para la transformación de la desde la corresponsabilidad, relación estrecha entre normativa legal y el marco operativo, así como la transición del Modelo de Integración al Modelo de Inclusión. Empleó la técnica de investigación Grupo Focal con perspectiva de interpretación y asistida con el programa MAXQDA para fines de sistematización de la información. La muestra participante fue de 28 miembros que laboran en seis USAER pertenecientes a una zona escolar en Chihuahua Capital. Identifica dificultades a las que se afrontan por la falta de estrategias claras que permitan orientar un trabajo centrado en el enfoque actual de la educación. Además, prevalecen estilos diversos de intervención entreverando experiencias previas de los integrantes que han vivido la constante transformación evolutiva de los servicios de apoyo, razón que implica un ejercicio autorreflexivo ante los retos del enfoque de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana. Los hallazgos representan un reto en corresponsabilidad de todos los actores de la educación a través de una intervención educativa orientada a transformar los contextos escolares en Educación Inclusiva.
Travelogue and Autobiography 1647–1656
Authors: Mattsson Kiöping Nils 
Published: October 2024

The Swede Nils Mattsson Kiöping (1621-1680) was a priest's son and a bastard grandson of the Queen's brother. From 1648 to 1656 he travelled around the coasts of Africa, Arabia and southern Asia before returning home and becoming a naval officer. He left two longer pieces of writing: the first book in Swedish about the area he sailed in, published in 1667, and an autobiographical essay published posthumously in 1773. This extensively annotated volume contains the first translation into another language of both.
The reader is invited to join the curious and perceptive Swede as he wonders at the inhabitants of coastal Africa, visits St. Catherine's monastery in Sinai, serves in the army of the Persian Shah, studies the ruins of Persepolis, searches for Old Testament sites in Mesopotamia, visits India's Malabar coast, attends the cremation of a provincial governor under the Sultan of Golconda, catches wild elephants in Sri Lanka, visits Java and is shipwrecked off Taiwan.
Forskningsföretaget Sveriges Kyrkor
Authors: Lindblad Jakob 
Published: October 2024

This survey deals with the Sveriges Kyrkor research programme and its book series Sveriges Kyrkor. Konsthistoriskt inventarium (The Churches of Sweden. An Art Historical Inventory). Publication of the series began in 1912 with the aim of describing the churches in terms of art, architecture, and cultural heritage. In 1940 Sveriges Kyrkor was associated with The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities as one of its research programmes.
Forskningsföretaget Sveriges Kyrkor. Organisation, utgivning, arkiv (The Sveriges Kyrkor research programme. Organization, publishing, archive) provides an overview of the organization of Sveriges Kyrkor from its founding in 1912; as a project at Riksantikvarieämbetet (the Swedish National Heritage Board) in the 1970s; and of the later life of Sveriges Kyrkor, with an emphasis on the second half of the 20th century. The church descriptions and the publishing activity have resulted in an extensive archive which is presented. The book also contains lists of the publications, the authors, and others who have been connected to the programme.
Dashboard para el control y seguimiento académico de los estudiantes en la Educación Superior
Authors: Fulco Berdy Pincay Ponce , Oscar Stalin Baque Pinargote , Christian Ruperto Caicedo Plúa , Julio Pedro Paladines Morán 
Published: October 2024

Los constantes cambios en la tecnología han permitido que la Educación Superior utilice nuevas herramientas digitales para agilizar y mejorar la toma de decisiones. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un Dashboard para el control y seguimiento académico de los estudiantes de educación superior, empleando una metodología mixta para obtener información relevante que sustente la investigación y el modelo de Ralph Kimball para el diseño del tablero de datos, que permitió integrar, procesar y analizar la información que se generó en el recorrido académico, teniendo como resultado una visión clara en tiempo real de estos procesos por parte de las personas involucradas para que tomen las decisiones oportunas y poder evitar la deserción estudiantil temprana.
Determination of Gastric Volume by Different Administration Methods before Painless Gastroscopic Anesthesia and Risk assessment of aspiration
Authors: Hui SHANG  , Xudong LIU  , Meiqin ZHAI  , Guocai LI  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To observe the volume of gastric contents in the dacronin group versus streptaprotease particles and dacronin group in order to better predict the risk of reflux aspiration under anesthesia.Methods: A total of 90 patients underwent gastroscopy under general anesthesia in Shenzhen Hospital (Fu Tian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to July 2022, Of 42 men, Of the 48 women, Age, from 18-65 years old, ASAⅠ－II，The cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum in group (group A) and streptomase particles and dacronin group (Group B) (antral cross-sectional area, CSA), gastric volume (gastric volume, GV), GV / W (gastric volume / body weight) statistics were analyzed by T-test.
Results: GV of group A was 28.59 ± 20.74 and GV of group B was 38.79 ± 18.89, T test showed P=0.0168, statistically significant comparison between the two groups. GV / W in Group A was 0.48 ± 0.36, and GV / W in Group B was 0.65 ± 0.40; according to two-sample T-test, P=0.0355 showed differences in the same groups, the supine (supine) and semi-supine, supine and right and right supine (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Oral administration of 60ml fluid is safe 30 minutes before gastroscopy, and antral ultrasound in the right lateral position can most easily achieve positive results.
O MANIFESTO DOS PIONEIROS DA EDUCAÇÃO NOVA (1932): A LUTA POR UMA EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA, LAICA E GRATUITA NO BRASIL
Authors:   Francisco Soares Pinto, Nascimento Luiz Carlos do 
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar o impacto e o legado do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova, um documento seminal no cenário educacional do Brasil, destacando sua luta pela implementação de um sistema educacional público, laico e gratuito. A metodologia de pesquisa é uma revisão bibliográfica qualitativa da literatura, baseada em textos indexados e revisados por pares. Portanto, propõe-se a esclarecer como as ideias e princípios do manifesto dos pioneiros da Educação Nova foram cruciais para a reconstrução educacional no Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, reflete-se sobre os antecedentes históricos e políticos do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da educação Nova 1932, as bases das questões emergentes e as principais mudanças na estrutura educacional. Conclui-se que o Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova não apenas lançou as bases para debates fundamentais sobre a educação no Brasil, mas também deixou um legado duradouro que continua a influenciar discussões contemporâneas sobre a importância da educação pública no desenvolvimento social e econômico do país.
دور البرلمانات الطلابية في مدارس التربية والتعليم في جنوب الضفة الغربية في تنمية روح المبادرة و الإبداع لدى الطلبة من وجهة نظر مديري ومديرات المدارس
Authors: أبو راس يوسف 
Published: October 2024

هدفت الدراسة للتعرف على دور مشروع البرلمانات الطلابية في المدارس الحكومية جنوب الضفة الغربية وأثره على شخصية الطالب وسلوكه من حيث تنمية روح المبادرة والابداع وانعكاس ذلك على المدرسة من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس ؛ وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي , والاعتماد على الاستبانة لجمع البيانات ؛ وتم اختيار (57) مدرسة من جنوب الضفة وهي المدارس التي نفذ فيها مشروع البرلمان الطلابي ؛ وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود أثر ايجابي للبرلمان الطلابي في بناء الثقة بالذات لدى الطلبة المشاركين ؛ وساهم المشروع في رفع مستوى الاهتمام بالشأن العام والقوانين والحريات العامة ؛ وتوسعة العلاقات الاجتماعية بين الطلبة والمدرسة من جهة و المجتمع المحلي من جهة أخرى ؛ وساهم في تطوير شخصية قيادية لديهم ؛ وخفض مستوى العنف داخل المدرسة، وساهم في تنمية روح المبادرة والابداع لديهم
" دور الجامعة الأردنية في إعداد معلمي ومعلمات المستقبل معرفياً وإبداعياً من وجهة نظر طلبتها"
Authors: الموسى عبر 
Published: October 2024

هدفت الدراسةggfhg إلى التعرف على دور الجامعة الأردنية في إعداد معلمي ومعلمات المستقبل معرفياً وإبداعياً من وجهة نظر طلبتها، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي الكمي؛ حيث تم استخدام الاستبانة بالاعتماد على الدراسات السابقة. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع طلبة كليتي الآداب والعلوم التربوية في الجامعة الأردنية في الأردن، وذلك باختيار عينة عشوائية منهم بواقع (200) طالبًا وطالبةً. توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج، من أهمها: أن دور الجامعات في إعداد معلمي ومعلمات المستقبل معرفياً وإبداعياً من وجهة نظر طلبتها قد جاء بشكل عام بدرجة متوسطة، وكما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (a≤0.05) في تقديرات عينة الدراسة حول دور الجامعة في إعداد معلمي ومعلمات المستقبل معرفياً وإبداعياً تبعا لمتغيرات (الجنس، والكلية، والتخصص، والمرحلة الدراسية). وبناء على ما تقدم من نتائج أوصت الدراسة بضرورة وضع خطة شاملة لزيادة الاهتمام بإعداد معلمي ومعلمات المستقبل معرفياً وإبداعياً في الجامعات الأردنية بشكل عام والجامعة الأردنية على وجه الخصوص.
معوقات الأداء الإبداعي لدى معلمي الرياضيات في مديرية جنوب الخليل\فلسطين"/ واقع ومقترحات
Authors: الخطيب فلسطين , ابو السباع سناء 
Published: October 2024

) هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى معوقات الأداء الإبداعي لمعلمي الرياضيات في مديرية جنوب الخليل\فلسطين, وبيان مدى اختلاف هذه المعوقات باختلاف متغيرات الدراسة وهي الجنس , وسنوات الخبرة, وذلك باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي, ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة طورت الباحثتان أداة الدراسة وهي الاستبانة بالاطلاع على الأدب التربوي والدراسات السابقة, وتم التحقق من صدقها وثباتها بعرضها على مجموعة من المتخصصين التربويين والمشرفين والمعلمين وبلغ عددهم (6) محكما ومحكمة, كما وبلغ معامل الثبات كرونباخ الفا (0.73), واشتملت الأداة على( 30) فقرة موزعة على (4) مجالات هي :(صعوبات متعلقة بالمعلم, معوقات متعلقة بالتنظيمات الإدارية, معوقات متعلقة بالطالب, معوقات متعلقة بالمادة التعليمية), وتم تطبيق أداة الدراسة على عينة عشوائية من معلمي مبحث الرياضيات للصفوف من الخامس وحتى الثاني عشر في مديرية التربية في جنوب الخليل والبالغ عددهم (80) معلما ومعلمة ويشكلون نسبة(33%) من مجتمع الدراسة, وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن معوقات الأداء الإبداعي لمعلمي الرياضيات في كافة مجالات الاستبانة جاءت بدرجة متوسطة حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي لاستجابات أفراد العينة (3.61), بينما جاءت معوقات الأداء الإبداعي المتعلقة بالطالب والمعوقات المتعلقة بالتنظيمات الإدارية بدرجة عالية بمتوسط حسابي مقداره على الترتيب(3.86) و(3.67). كما وأشارت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين تقديرات أفراد العينة تعزى لمتغير الجنس وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة.وأوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات كان من أهمها ضرورة تطوير برامج خاصة بالطلبة تغير من اتجاهاتهم السلبية و تزيد دافعيتهم نحو تعلم الرياضيات , وكذلك ضرورة تخفيف الأعباء التدريسية والإدارية للمعلم حتى يتسنى له تنفيذ مهارات إبداعية في التدريس, وكذلك ضرورة تطوير برامج تدريبية متعلقة بتنمية المهارات الإبداعية في اداء المعلم.
Consciencialização sobre decisão partilhada em duas Clínicas de Angola entre outubro e novembro de 2022
Authors: Almeida Kátia Costa Brazão de , Pedro Ana Rita , Tomás Ndenga Solange 
Published: October 2024

Introdução e Objectivos:
Uma estratégia emergente na evolução dos sistemas de saúde é o modelo de decisão partilhada, o auge dos cuidados centrados na pessoa. O objetivo do estudo é descrever o nível de consciencialização e literacia em saúde sobre a decisão partilhada entre os profissionais de saúde e doentes nas Clínicas Sagrada Esperança, da província de Benguela e do município do Lobito, respectivamente, entre outubro e novembro de 2022.
Métodos:
Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo quantiqualitativo com 61 profissionais de saúde e 114 doentes. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados (HLS-EU-Q16, Q-COM-LIT) validados em Portugal, foram contextualizados à cultura angolana e acrescentadas questões abertas sobre consciencialização na decisão partilhada aos dois instrumentos.
Resultados:
Na literacia em saúde 25,4% (n=29) dos participantes apresentaram níveis adequados. Na comunicação e literacia 48,5% (n=30) dos profissionais de saúde consideraram-se competentes. Na decisão partilhada, 42,1% (n=48) dos doentes responderam que o médico, habitualmente informa que será necessário uma decisão conjunta enquanto 78,7% (n=48) dos profissionais de saúde responderam que, habitualmente, informam.
Conclusões:
Constatou-se que ainda não existe uma consciencialização sobre a decisão partilhada e a participação ativa dos doentes realizam-se em eventos limitados. Nesse contexto, os autores recomendam a implementação de estratégias para aprimorar a literacia dos doentes e a capacitação técnica dos profissionais de saúde em habilidades de comunicação.
A prática audiológica no diagnóstico diferencial do Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Sena Kruger Carollina , De Oliveira Adriane Andrich Martins , Bohn Vanessa , Fracalosse Garbino Juliana 
Published: October 2024

É recomendado que crianças sob investigação do TEA realizem avaliação audiológica para estabelecimento do diagnóstico diferencial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi, através da análise de prontuários, traçar o perfil da criança autista ou em investigação diagnóstica, atendida na Clínica-Escola de Fonoaudiologia do IELUSC, no ano de 2020, apontando o relato de manejo que o fonoaudiólogo empregou durante a avaliação auditiva, bem como os achados audiológicos. Foram avaliados os prontuários de 15 crianças, com idade entre um ano e sete meses e seis anos. A queixa principal, descrita em 12 casos (80%), foi atraso de fala; um (6,67%) relatou atraso de fala associado ao transtorno do espectro autista já diagnosticado; um (6,67%) relatou ser pelo TEA, e um (6,67%) relatou atraso de fala associado a otites de repetição. Quanto aos achados audiológicos, 13 (86,7%) tiveram seus diagnósticos audiológicos concluídos com a sugestão de audição dentro dos padrões de normalidade e duas (13,3%) crianças tiveram resultados inconclusivos, por não colaborarem para a finalização dos exames. O número de sessões necessárias para a conclusão diagnóstica variou de uma a quatro sessões, sendo o número médio de 1,53 sessões. Sobre os exames audiológicos, foram conduzidas seis (40%) otoscopias, três (20%) imitanciometrias, sete (46,67%) PEATE, três (20%) EOA, cinco (33,33%) audiometrias com reforço visual, seis (40%) audiometrias lúdicas e um (6,67%) avaliação comportamental, ou seja, utilizou-se o princípio “cross-check”. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico diferencial colabora para a definição do diagnóstico do TEA, tendo em vista que 86,6% da amostra teve a deficiência auditiva descartada.
ANÁLISE DO GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS EM UM BAIRRO DO MUNICÍPIO DE MUNDO NOVO, MS
Authors: Silva Nathália Ferreira da , Fleck Izabel Melz , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Fleck Leandro , Ozório Jefferson Matheus Barros 
Published: October 2024

O consumo de produtos industrializados aumentou a geração de resíduos sólidos. Objetivou-se a análise do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de Mundo Novo – MS, Bairro Berneck. O estudo caracterizou-se pela aplicação de um questionário estruturado, em 51 residências. A maior parte das residências possuem de 2 a 4 moradores. A renda familiar de 13,7% das residências é de no máximo um salário-mínimo. Quanto ao grau de escolaridade, apenas 3,9% possuem o ensino superior completo. Em relação a quantidade total de resíduos gerados diariamente, 13,7% das residências geram de 4,00 a 5,99 kg dia-1. A maioria dos moradores depositam todos os resíduos misturados no lixo comum. Sobre a disposição final, 82,3% disseram que os resíduos são despejados no lixão municipal ou são queimados. Sobre o conhecimento de quem realiza a coleta seletiva no bairro, 55% responderam que é realizada pelos catadores. Sobre o conhecimento de quais os tipos de materiais que podem ser reciclados, plásticos e papelão foram os mais citados. Somente em 11 casas, os moradores disseram fazer a separação do material reciclável. Conclui-se que ações de educação ambiental são necessárias no munícipio, para a maior conscientização sobre a separação e destinação correta dos resíduos sólidos.
The Conditional Effects of Financial Risk on the Relationship between Infrastructure Financing and Financial Performance of Aquaculture Enterprises in the Lake Region Economic Bloc, Kenya
Authors: Nelima Katherine , Maina Kimani , Oluoch Oluoch 
Published: October 2024

Background: Financing structure for aquaculture aims at promoting and facilitating the availability of capital and its contribution to fisheries financial performance that leads to poverty reduction of aquaculture enterprises in the Lake Region Economic Bloc in Kenya. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of infrastructure financing on the financial performance of these enterprises as moderated by financial risk. The problem is, financing aquaculture has been limited because of the financial risk involved and lack of knowledge of how the aquaculture industry benefits the society today, this has made the infrastructure develop slowly in Kenya.
Materials and Methods: This study applied a cross-sectional survey research design and purposive sampling technique in collecting data from 248 fishermen and 10 county officers in the fisheries department. The study collected primary data through the interviews and questionnaires hence both qualitative and quantitative data was use in the study.
Results: The results indicate that Infrastrucuture. Financing (β=.480,P .000),with R2 .230,F=65.708 P=.000) and FR (β =.391,P=.000) with R2 of .378 and change in R of .148 with F 51.903 P=.000 positively influences Financial Performance. In addition the moderation effect was found to be significant with β .309, P=.000 with R2 of .474 change in R2 .097,F =40.017 P=.000.The moderation model accounts for more variance of 47.4% in FP than the direct effect model at 23% explained by Infrastructure finance.
Conclusion: The study informs financial institutions to know the changes in infrastructural financing requirements specific to aquaculture, sources of financing and ways to increase its availability.
Effect of Bio-fertilizers on Shoot Growth of Dragon Fruit Cuttings (Hylocereus undatus L.)
Authors: Dhanka Mahandra Kumar , R.S.Verma  , Baitha Anup , Choudhary Shikha , Verma Saurabh , Kumar Bipin 
Published: October 2024

The present investigation was carried out under open field condition at Horticulture Research Farm, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh., India to determine the effect of bio-fertilizers on the shoot growth of dragon fruit cutting (Hylocereus undatus L.) during the year of 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)with three replications. There were 09 treatments, viz., T1-Control, T2-Azotobacter (1%), T3-Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria-1%), T4-Azotobacter (2%), T5- Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (2%), T6-Azotobacter (1%) + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (1%), T7- Azotobacter (1%) + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (2%), T8- Azotobacter (2%) + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (1%) and T9-Azotobacter (2%) + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (2%). Treatments have showed significant differences among the growth parameters in terms of number of days taken for sprouting, percent sprouting, number of sprouts per cutting, length of the newly emerged shoot, diameter of shoot, average number of spine/areoles, diameter of shoot average number of spine/areoles.
Among the treatment combination least number of days taken for sprouting ,maximum percent sprouting , maximum number of sprouts per cutting, maximum increase in length of the newly emerged shoot, maximum number of spine/areoles, maximum increase in diameter of shoot, maximum fresh weight of shoot and maximum dry weight of shoot was found in treatment T8- Azotobacter (2%) + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (1%) followed by T9-Azotobacter (2%)+ Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (2%) while minimum has recorded in T1(Control).