bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico, clínico, laboratorial e terapêutico dos pacientes com artrite reumatoide em um ambulatório-escola de Teresina, Piauí
Authors: Da Silva Pereira Márcio , Luz Dayse Caroline Martírios , Ramos Joelma Moreira de Noroes , Khouri Paulo Brandão Sakr , Viana Neto Ronaldo Ewerton , Souza Cláudio Marcio Fiorenza de , Rosa Isabella Mota Santa , Silva Marcelo Augusto Mendes , Rocha André de Gois 
Published: March 2017

A artrite reumatoide é uma doença inflamatória auto-imune de distribuição mundial, sendo 2 a 3 vezes mais freqüente nas mulheres que nos homens. De etiologia desconhecida, afeta as articulações sinoviais periféricas, de forma simétrica e progressiva, levando à dor, edema articular e rigidez matinal. Quando não tratada, evolui com limitações funcionais graves. O propósito deste trabalho é descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico-laboratorial e terapêutico dos pacientes com artrite reumatoide acompanhados em um ambulatório-escola de reumatologia, em Teresina-PI. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo retrospectivo com corte transversal observacional e abordagem quantitativa, analisando-se prontuários de pacientes portadores de artrite reumatoide, conforme formulário previamente elaborado no ambulatório de reumatologia da Clínica Escola de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior em Teresina-PI, durante o período de 2010 a 2014. Do total de 60 prontuários selecionados, 90% eram do sexo feminino. Os pacientes apresentaram uma idade média de 46,3 anos. A maior parte dos pacientes apresentou tempo de duração dos sintomas superior a um ano (63%). As principais articulações acometidas foram mãos (21,8%) e punhos (16,1%). As provas de atividade inflamatória mostraram-se alteradas ao diagnóstico (VHS 76,7% e PCR 55%). O fator reumatoide foi positivo em 23,3% dos pacientes e, apenas 13,3% realizaram anti-CCP. No tratamento predominou a associação do metotrexato com anti-maláricos, AINES, analgésicos ou corticóides. Concluiu-se que o presente estudo proporcionou uma visão parcial do perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com artrite reumatoide no estado do Piauí, identificando pontos importantes em relação às características demográficas e clínicas, os tipos de tratamentos farmacológicos e a pequena utilização de marcadores de doença.Descritores: Artrite Reumatoide; Fator Reumatoide; Terapêutica.
Engineering Rhizosphere Hydraulics: Pathways to Improve Plant Adaptation to Drought
Authors: Ahmed Mutez A. , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Ahmadi Katayoun , Kroener Eva , Kostka Stanley , Kaestner Anders , Carminati Andrea 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Mucilage exudation by roots modifies the hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere.
Rhizoligands are surfactants that rewet the rhizosphere and reduce mucilage swelling.
A reduction in mucilage swelling reduces rhizosphere hydraulic conductivity.
By managing rhizosphere hydraulic properties, we can improve plants' adaptation to drought.
Recent studies have drawn attention to the role of mucilage in shaping rhizosphere hydraulic properties and regulating root water uptake. During drying, mucilage keeps the rhizosphere wet and conductive, but on drying it turns hydrophobic, limiting root water uptake. In this study, we introduce the concept of rhizoligands, defined as additives that (i) rewet the rhizosphere and (ii) reduce mucilage swelling, thereby reducing the rhizosphere conductivity. We tested whether selected surfactants behaved as rhizoligands. We used neutron radiography to monitor water redistribution in the rhizosphere of lupine (Lupinus albus L. cv. Feodora) and maize (Zea mays L.) irrigated with water and rhizoligands. In a parallel experiment, we tested the effect of rhizoligands on the transpiration rate of lupine and maize subjected to repeated drying and wetting cycles. We also measured the effect of rhizoligands on the maximum swelling of mucilage and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil mixed with various mucilage concentrations. Rhizoligand treatment quickly and uniformly rewetted the rhizosphere of maize and lupine. Interestingly, rhizoligands also reduced transpiration during drying–wetting cycles. Our hypothesis is that the reduction in transpiration was triggered by the interaction between rhizoligand and mucilage exuded by roots. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that rhizoligand reduced the maximum swelling of mucilage, increased its viscosity, and decreased the hydraulic conductivity of soil–mucilage mixtures. The reduced conductivity of the rhizosphere induced a moderate stress to the plants, reducing transpiration. Rhizoligands increase the rhizosphere wetting kinetics and decrease the maximum swelling of mucilage. As a consequence, root rehydration following irrigation is faster, a larger volume of water is available to the plant, and this water is used more slowly. This slower water consumption would allow the plant to stay turgid during a prolonged drying period. We propose that by managing the hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere, we can improve plants' adaptation to drought.
CONTENT FEATURES OF TOLERANCE IN STUDENTS
Authors: Kamzina O. A. , Myshkina M. S. 
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the problem of tolerance in the aspect of its substantial features in the Russian students. The student's period is a further development of the individual in the direction of expansion of representations about social competence, development of social interaction culture, respect for different social groups. The character of the empirically identified intergroup similarity is determined by the age-specific features of studentship as a youth group, a crucial age of the tasks associated with interpersonal and intergenerational communication, political apathy, lack of interest in the field of ethno-cultural social reality. It is shown that tolerance as respect, acceptance and appreciation of other cultures, ways of expression and manifestation of the human personality of the students is fully formed. It is revealed that in the structure of tolerance of students ethical, cognitive, affective components predominate, the least represented components being conative, need-motivation, active, stylistic, identificational and group ones. It was found out that content of tolerance is characterized by regional specificity as environmental factor.
CHILDREN'S QUESTION AS A FORM OF LINGUISTIC CREATIVE THINKING
Authors: Gridina T. A. 
Published: March 2017

The subject of the article is the specificity of metalinguistic reflection in children's speech. The article analyzes the linguocreativе nature of children's questions, particularly broadcasting the image of the world of the child and the nature of the processing of linguistic information in the light of cognitions formed. Metalinguistic reflection is characterized as one of the naturally evolving strategies of language acquisition in ontogeny, showing the analytical instinct and cognitive activity of the child. The purpose of the research is to identify unique children's innovations related to the reflection of their form and content, in terms of the associative and functional content. The main method is discourse analysis of metalinguistic statements recorded in the spontaneous speech of children in the form of a question. Particular emphasis is laid upon the interdependence of compensatory and deliberate creativity of the child, exhibiting the ability to make a conscious violation of the language of the canon. Metalinguistic component of children's issues provides an opportunity to assess the child's creativity, speech acts in terms of fluency, flexibility, originality. Children's questions are classified into those regarding the logic of things and the logic of language nomination, their correlation is established. This analysis reveals the following features of metalinguistic reflection in the formation of the language person: 1) development of linguistic abilities in "reading" motivational word forms and application of derived algorithms in creative word activity; 2) the expression of a child's uniqueness in the perception of aspects of the world and the language of processed information; 3) modeling function in the formation of dynamic subsystems child's speech, allowing the child to realize their nominative and communicative needs.
ERRORS IN THE PROCESS OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING
Authors: Mikhaylova E. E. , Fomin A. G. 
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to investigation of the specifics of simultaneous interpretation as a top of the translation skills, which determines high demands to the level of development of translation competence. The subject of research is the study of modern approaches to the classification of errors that occur in the simultaneous interpreting activity. The aim of the research are: 1) an investigation of the causes and mechanisms which lead to appearance of the errors in the implementation of practical translation work of a simultaneous interpreter; 2) an analysis of modern approaches to the classification of possible translation errors. In the process of implementing of the investigation method of analysis, systematization and generalization, linguistic methods of lexicalsemantic, grammatical, discursive and contextual analysis were used. On the basis of the investigation it was found that in the most general form translative errors can be divided into semantic and language ones. Each of the categories may be additionally divided into some subcategories. Semantic errors are distortions of the original pragmatists, deviations from the norm, providing disinforming impact on the recipient. Language errors do not affect the conceptual content of the original, affecting mainly on his perception by the audience of receiving cultural model. In the frames of the investigation errors from the practical simultaneous interpreting practice are given, which allows to demonstrate the functioning of different types of errors in the modern interpretation. Results of the investigation, identification of mechanisms, possible reasons, which lead to mistaken interpretation in the process of simultaneous translation, may be successfully used in the optimization of process of translation in interpreters’ practice, in the education of the interpreters, as materials in the development of theoretical and methodological literature in translation studies. The authors conclude that the interpretation is one of the most difficult types of translation, a complex, gradual psychological process that takes place under extreme conditions, leading to errors in the speech of simultaneous interpreter. It is impossible to completely avoid erroneous interpretation and reconstruction of the original discourse; however, the understanding of the mechanisms of deviations from the norm, the use of appropriate translation strategies allows one to avoid semantic errors that distort the original pragmatics.
DISCURSIVE LANGUAGE PERSONALITY OF VIRTUAL FAN COMMUNITY MEMBERS
Authors: Rezanova Z. I. , Skripko Yu. K. 
Published: March 2017

The given article provides an analysis of collective discursive personalities of members of Internet fan communities which are devoted to performers working in two different music styles – pop and metal. Such kind of communicative interaction forms a unique discourse – the discourse of music fan Internet community which combines features of both subcultural group discourse (as the reason which led to the formation of the very fan community) and Internet discourse itself (as the environment for the given discourse). Through the use of content analysis method the authors find out both typical and specific psychological and cognitive features which fan community members implement during communication in the given discourse. These features include different ways of perception (visual vs. audial), major mindsets, emotionality level, etc. The main way of perception which is represented in the texts of conversations between pop music fan community members turns to be a visual one, while metal music fans are likely to have the audial way of perception as a major one. In the given discourse these features are represented by word groups of different perception semantics which are used by community members and belong to different parts of speech. The analysis of conversations in both fan groups demonstrates that concrete thinking could be characterized as a main way of thinking for fans of two aforementioned music styles. It is represented within the vocabulary and grammatical features used. Conversations between music fans of both types could be also characterized by a heightened emotionality level which directly depends on the specific character of music fanaticism. This specific character is based on over-positive attitude to favourite artists. The special attention is given to the system of language means which help to form general emotional background during communication process.
ON THE PRAGMATIC ASPECT OF INTERJECTIONS STUDY
Authors: Shkapenko T. M. 
Published: March 2017

The article contains a study of the most controversial problems in interjections theory – the criteria of classification and the issue of semantics of these specific linguistic elements. The paper argues that traditional parameters – prototypical, morphosyntactic, semantic and grammatical – are not relevant for all subclasses of interjections. The common claim about the meaning of interjections as signifying feelings or states of mind is too narrow and couldn’t be referred to such categories as volitive (conative) and etiquette interjections. As new criterion common for all subclasses the attitudinal reference is suggested, which definitely separates this heterogeneous class from all other parts of speech with denotative or descriptive reference. To name these two main groups of linguistic signs the neosemantization of rarely used linguistic terms is offered: “pragmeme” (for interjections) and “semanteme” (for the linguistic signs with denotative meaning).
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE, THE MARSHAL PLAN AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE SOVIET-RUSSIAN RELATIONS
Authors: Kaygusuz C. , Ryzhov I. V. 
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to the history of elaboration, adoption and implementation of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan in the context of the Soviet-Turkish Relations. The authors observe these two key US external policy’s initiatives of the beginning of the Cold War for the analysis of the influence of geopolitical confrontation between the superpowers on the state of relations between Moscow and Ankara. The economic aid programs were significant leverages of the US influence on shaping the postwar system of international relations, which impacted decisively on the Turkish postwar foreign policy, especially toward the USSR, and predetermined to a large extent its further policy in the Cold War. The current article considers the reasons for rapprochement between the US and Turkey stands on the relations with the USSR, analyses the process of elaboration and adoption of aid plans for Turkey and the outcomes of their implementation. The article explores the origins of the US-Turkey cooperation based on sharing the common stance on confronting Moscow and can be used as a source of information on the Russian-Turkish relations problem in historical context.
PURGES AMONG THE ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONELL OF THE COAL INDUSTRY IN KUZNETSK BASIN IN 1937
Authors: Papkov S. A. 
Published: March 2017

The article analyzes the relationship of the Soviet regime with the engineering, technical and managerial personnel on the example of one of the largest enterprises of the USSR. The article features the main stages of the criminal persecution of experts in Kuzbass, starting with the "Shakhty trial" in 1928, as well as the overall scale of repression of the managing staff of the coal industry during the Great Terror. The author notes the close relationship of the Soviet (Bolshevik) model of economic development with the use of mass reprisals against staff. The article highlights the fact that, lacking the necessary expertise and managerial knowledge, Soviet authorities systematically resorted to terror as a means of overcoming the economic chaos and difficulties encountered. In addition, the assessment of political behavior of some of the regional leaders connected with the terror campaign is given. The article presents new historical data about their tragic fate. It draws conclusions about the need to expand the source base for a deeper study of repressions at Kuzbass enterprises.
SOCIAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE KUZBASS METROPOLITANATE OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
Authors: Ardashkina M. A. 
Published: March 2017

The article is based on the structural-functional, comparative research methods and critical analysis of sources on the post-Soviet period in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter – ROC), including data reference and information materials, public Internet resources. The author analyzes traditions, continuity and the realization of social policy in the Kuzbass archdiocese at the modern ROC stage. Using the example of Kuzbass archdiocese the author identifies the ROC units responsible for social work, and the main types of social assistance to the church. The conclusion is made that within the period of 1990s-the beginning of XXI century Russian Orthodox Church, with the support of the state, created a major conceptual, legal and organizational base of its social policy, for its implementation involving Orthodox public organizations and associations. Of great importance was the fact that the Church concentrated its efforts on solving social problems, which the state and public organizations could not solve effectively. Therefore, the ROC is hardly criticized for the use of social activities as a mechanism to achieve its main goal – to spread creed. Analysis of the social activities of the Church in the Archdiocese of Kuzbass allowed the author to make a prediction about the promising directions of development of social work in the region.
EGYPT. THE BENT PYRAMID OF SNEFERU AT DAHSHUR. THE UPPER CHAMBER – THE CHAMBER OF DEATH
Authors: Yaroschuk A. M. 
Published: March 2017

The article investigates the design and the purpose of the Upper chamber of the Bent Pyramid of Sneferu. The author proves that the Upper chamber was a false tomb of the Pharaoh. The chamber served as bait for thieves and was designed to kill them with carbon dioxide in the confined space. Repetitive "reconstructions" of the chamber were performed to reduce the volume of air suitable for breathing. The portcullis, when triggered, ensured the airtightness of the chamber. The article establishes the connection between the ways of the portcullis conjugation in the Sneferu Pyramid and a modern labyrinth seal. A new version of the purpose and the motive for construction of the connecting tunnel between the upper and lower tiers of the premises is offered. It is proved that the top tier consisting of the chamber, the wells and the portcullis represent a cunning trap. The article concludes that a new kind of a human trap was invented in Egypt and successfully implemented in the Bent Pyramid of Sneferu.
Conocer a Dios a partir de sus vestigios en la creación.
Authors: Chávez Aguilar Pamela 
Published: March 2017

This paper explores the knowledge of God from creatures, linking St. Augustine approach in Confessions (Conf. X, VI, 8-10) and the well-know Augustinian-rooted thought of St. Bonaventure, particularly in Itinerarium mentis in Deum. Both authors, in their difference, see, in contemplating creatures, a first moment in man's inner road to God which, though partial and in complete, is a prelude to the following steps. First, the perfection and beauty of creation points to its Creator. Then, the inner man discovers aspects of God in His "traces" created as evidence of His invisible perfection. Thus, creation is shown as a "book" open to man, who is called to interrogate and decipher His deeper words. Both thinkers are aware that access to God through creation is neither immediate nor accepted by all men; it is indicative of the need that will and the growth of love for God inside the human being accompany understanding, a fact that will in turn lead to a particular way of understanding knowledge and wisdom. The road opened by St. Augustine in the fourth century is followed nine centuries later by St. Bonaventure, who gave it his original seal and Franciscan spirit.
Kakas Bantu Perhitungan Nilai Kopling Menggunakan Metrik Cognitive Weighted Coupling Between Object (CWCBO)
Authors: Pradana Fajar , Priyambadha Bayu , Ubaidillah Muhammad 
Published: March 2017

Konsep Object Oriented Programming (OOP) merupakan pemrograman yang dibangun dengan berpusat pada beberapa objek. Dengan konsep OOP dapat dilakukan pengukuran kualitas perangkat lunak dengan me-lalui kemungkinan hubungan antar beberapa objek atau kopling. Perangkat lunak yang baik adalah perangkat lunak yang memiliki desain yang baik, salah satu ciri-cirinya adalah memiliki nilai kopling yang rendah. Nilai kopling yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan desain perangkat lunak yang semakin kompleks dan buruk, sehingga akan mengakibatkan sulit untuk dipahami, terutama ketika dilakukan maintenance. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas perangkat lunak perlu mengontrol nilai kopling agar dapat meminimalkan kompleksitas perangkat lunak. Namun perhitungan nilai kopling secara manual pada jumlah perangkat lunak yang banyak akan membutuhkan waktu dan sumber daya yang besar. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah kakas bantu perhitungan nilai kopling menggunakan metrik Cognitive Weighted Coupling Between Object (CWCBO). Metrik CWCBO merupakan metrik kopling yang didasarkan pada bobot pemahaman untuk menghitung perbedaan jenis kopling dari berbagai peneliti. Kakas bantu tersebut dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman utama Java, library Spoon untuk menganalisis source code, dan library JFreeChart untuk menampilkan grafik. Dari hasil pengujian akurasi sistem pada 5 program inputan berbahasa Java didapatkan akurasi sebesar 100%. Pengujian akurasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan perhi-tungan secara manual dan dengan sistem.Kata kunci: OOP, Kopling, CWCBO, Kode Sumber
Penentuan Kombinasi Jumlah Katalis Dalam Produksi Metanol Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy dan EvolutionStrategies
Authors: Santoso Angga 
Published: March 2017

Sebagai salah satu bahan baku utama dalam berbagai industri kimia, cara yang paling umum digunakan dalam memproduksi metanol adalah melalui proses hidrogenasi karbon. Proses ini hanya dapat dilakukan dalam suhu yang sangat tinggi dan untuk mencapai suhu tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kebutuhan suhu tersebut adalah menggunakan suatu campuran senyawa kimia yang disebut katalis. Komposisi jumlah katalis yang tepat dan suhu yang sesuai merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan banyaknya produksi metanol yang dihasilkan. Mencari angka yang tepat dari semua kemungkinan melalui uji coba di laboratorium membutuhkan banyak waktu. Oleh karena itu, metode fuzzy digunakan untuk menghitung banyaknya hasil produksi berdasarkan beberapa percobaan di laboratorium dan algoritmaevolutionstrategies digunakan untuk mencari kombinasi jumlah katalis yang tepat. Katalis yang digunakan dalam uji coba adalah CuO-ZnO-ZrO2. Metode fuzzy yang digunakan memperoleh akurasi sebesar 80.7% dengan membandingkan hasil dari laboratorium. Dari algoritmaevolutionstrategies diperoleh produksi methanol paling besar pada komposisi jumlah katalis 40% Cu, 40% Zn, 20% Zr dan suhu 230°C. Komposisi tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi methanol dengan hasil paling banyak tanpa harus mencoba semua kemungkinan komposisi.