bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon stocks in estuarine and marine mangrove ecosystems are driven by nutrient colimitation of P and N
Authors: Weiss Christian , Weiss Joanna , Boy Jens , Iskandar Issi , Mikutta Robert , Guggenberger Georg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMangroves play an important role in carbon sequestration, but soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks differ between marine and estuarine mangroves, suggesting differing processes and drivers of SOC accumulation. Here, we compared undegraded and degraded marine and estuarine mangroves in a regional approach across the Indonesian archipelago for their SOC stocks and evaluated possible drivers imposed by nutrient limitations along the land‐to‐sea gradients. SOC stocks in natural marine mangroves (271–572 Mg ha−1 m−1) were much higher than under estuarine mangroves (100–315 Mg ha−1 m−1) with a further decrease caused by degradation to 80–132 Mg ha−1 m−1. Soils differed in C/N ratio (marine: 29–64; estuarine: 9–28), δ15N (marine: −0.6 to 0.7‰; estuarine: 2.5 to 7.2‰), and plant‐available P (marine: 2.3–6.3 mg kg−1; estuarine: 0.16–1.8 mg kg−1). We found N and P supply of sea‐oriented mangroves primarily met by dominating symbiotic N2 fixation from air and P import from sea, while mangroves on the landward gradient increasingly covered their demand in N and P from allochthonous sources and SOM recycling. Pioneer plants favored by degradation further increased nutrient recycling from soil resulting in smaller SOC stocks in the topsoil. These processes explained the differences in SOC stocks along the land‐to‐sea gradient in each mangrove type as well as the SOC stock differences observed between estuarine and marine mangrove ecosystems. This first large‐scale evaluation of drivers of SOC stocks under mangroves thus suggests a continuum in mangrove functioning across scales and ecotypes and additionally provides viable proxies for carbon stock estimations in PES or REDD schemes.
Variation in complex mating signals in an “island” hybrid zone betweenStenobothrusgrasshopper species
Authors: Sradnick Jan , Klöpfel Anja , Elsner Norbert , Vedenina Varvara 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTwo grasshopper speciesStenobothrus rubicundusandS. clavatuswere previously shown to meet in a narrow hybrid zone on Mount Tomaros in northern Greece. The species are remarkable for their complex courtship songs accompanied by conspicuous movements of antennae and wings. We analyzed variations in forewing morphology, antenna shape, and courtship song across the hybrid zone using a geographic information system, and we documented three contact zones on Mount Tomaros. All male traits and female wings show abrupt transitions across the contact zones, suggesting that these traits are driven by selection rather than by drift. Male clines in antennae are displaced towardS. clavatus, whereas all clines in wings are displaced towardS. rubicundus. We explain cline discordance as depending on sexual selection via female choice. The high covariance between wings and antennae found in the centers of all contact zones results from high levels of linkage disequilibria among the underlying loci, which in turn more likely results from assortative mating than from selection against hybrids. The covariance is found to be higher inclavatus‐like thanrubicundus‐like populations, which implies asymmetric assortative mating in parental‐like sites of the hybrid zone and a movement of the hybrid zone in favor ofS. clavatus.
Characterizing the trophic niches of stocked and resident cyprinid fishes: consistency in partitioning over time, space and body sizes
Authors: Bašić Tea , Britton J. Robert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHatchery‐reared fish are commonly stocked into freshwaters to enhance recreational angling. As these fishes are often of high trophic position and attain relatively large sizes, they potentially interact with functionally similar resident fishes and modify food‐web structure. Hatchery‐reared barbel Barbus barbus are frequently stocked to enhance riverine cyprinid fish communities in Europe; these fish can survive for over 20 years and exceed 8 kg. Here, their trophic consequences for resident fish communities were tested using cohabitation studies, mainly involving chub Squalius cephalus, a similarly large‐bodied, omnivorous and long‐lived species. These studies were completed over three spatial scales: pond mesocosms, two streams and three lowland rivers, and used stable isotope analysis. Experiments in mesocosms over 100 days revealed rapid formation of dietary specializations and discrete trophic niches in juvenile B. barbus and S. cephalus. This niche partitioning between the species was also apparent in the streams over 2 years. In the lowland rivers, where fish were mature individuals within established populations, this pattern was also generally apparent in fishes of much larger body sizes. Thus, the stocking of these hatchery‐reared fish only incurred minor consequences for the trophic ecology of resident fish, with strong patterns of trophic niche partitioning and diet specialization. Application of these results to decision‐making frameworks should enable managers to make objective decisions on whether cyprinid fish should be stocked into lowland rivers according to ecological risk.
Stress, ontogeny, and movement determine the relative importance of facilitation for juvenile mussels
Authors: de Nesnera Kristin L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA number of ecological factors have been shown to influence the importance of positive interactions (i.e., facilitation) in nature, including environmental stress and ontogenetic effects, and many more are likely to emerge as facilitation research expands to new ecosystems and taxa. In this study, I used a combination of field surveys and experiments to explore the roles of stress, ontogeny, and organismal movement in determining the importance of mussel (Mytilus californianus) recruit facilitation in central California. Results indicate that interactions between mussel recruits (shell length <20 mm) and habitat ameliorating neighbors shift from neutral to positive from the low to high mussel zone. I also observed ontogenetic shifts in recruit survival and growth in the upper mussel zone that suggest mussel recruits migrate from algal substrate to adult mussel beds. This type of habitat shift, where an organism moves sequentially from one facilitator to another, may be common in nature and presents an exciting new area for research.
Forest–grassland biodiversity hotspot under siege: land conversion counteracts nature conservation
Authors: Hermann Julia-maria , Lang Marion , Gonçalves Juliana , Hasenack Heinrich 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We report extent and rate of land use/land cover change in a forest–grassland mosaic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during a recent period of increasing conflicts between native habitat protection and conversion. The area is part of the Atlantic rain forest biome, a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. Analyzing Landsat and Google Earth imagery, and calculating an effective conservation risk index () as ratio of converted to remnant area, we specifically compared the effectiveness of designated fully protected areas (-s) and Sustainable Use areas (-s) in preventing conversion of native forest and grassland habitats for agri- and silviculture, relative to areas outside. Grassland area decreased by 17%, corresponding to a net loss of 59,671 ha, in the entire area. Forest gains exceeded losses, and was zero inside Full Protection s. Non-native tree plantation area increased by 94% over the entire study area; cropland increased by 7%. Conversion for silviculture predominated outside the designated s and conversion for agriculture predominated inside the designated s. was generally higher for grassland than forest, and in -s, grassland was several times higher than in areas without any protection status. These developments are in stark contrast to the high standards of the Brazilian protected area system and corresponding International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources categories. They are due to protracted regularization of land conversion and establishment of designated protection areas. Furthermore, they reveal the dilemma of previously managed grasslands in strictly protected areas being eventually succeeded by forest, and the hazards of broad interpretation of the term “sustainable development”.
Life cycle and masting of a recovering keystone indicator species under climate fluctuation
Authors: Guo Qinfeng , Zarnoch Stanley J. , Chen Xiongwen , Brockway Dale G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Ecosystem health and sustainability, to a large degree, depend on the performance of keystone or dominant species. The role of climate on population dynamics of such species has been extensively examined, especially for health indicator species. Yet the life‐cycle processes and response lags for many species could complicate efforts to detect clear climate signals. Longleaf pine (
Pinus palustris
Mill.) is such a keystone tree species in the southeastern United States that has declined in both abundance and distribution during the past century. Despite research efforts on multiple fronts, the mechanisms behind the large spatial and temporal fluctuations in cone production that affects its regeneration are largely unknown. On the basis of long‐term (15–56 yr) monitoring data at 10 sites across the species' native range, we examine the spatial and temporal patterns in cone production and possible climatic effects on those patterns using the information‐theoretic approach. Cone production exhibited great variation across sites and years, and long‐term data revealed a weak, ca. 3 yr cycle (4 in one case) across the native range. The effects of climate were rather complex, most likely due to a mismatch between the prolonged cone‐production life‐cycle process and climatic fluctuation. Spatially, sites close to each other generally showed similar physical conditions and temporal trends in cone production. Across sites within longleaf pine's range, moderate climate conditions appear to promote cone production. At most sites, there was an increasing trend in cone production, but how such a trend might be linked to climate change requires further investigation.
Short-term phytotoxicity in Brassica napus (L.) in response to pre-emergently applied metazachlor: A microcosm study
Authors: Vercampt Hanne , Koleva Lyubka , Vassilev Andon , Vangronsveld Jaco , Cuypers Ann 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

In accordance with realistic application approaches, a short-term 1-factorial experiment was set up to investigate the phytotoxic impact of pre-emergent application of the chloroacetamide herbicide metazachlor on Brassica napus. In addition to morphological parameters, the underlying processes that ultimately determine the extent of herbicide-induced phytotoxicity (i.e., herbicide metabolization and cellular antioxidant defense) were examined. The present study demonstrated that metazachlor provoked fasciation of the leaves closely after emergence, which might be linked to its mode of action whereby cell division is impaired through the inhibition of very long chain fatty acid synthesis. The increased activities of antioxidative enzymes and metabolites in leaf tissue indicated the presence of reactive oxygen species under the influence of metazachlor. This resulted in oxidative damage in the form of membrane lipid peroxidation. Simultaneously, the increased activity of glutathione S-transferase and the shift in glutathione redox state suggested activation of the detoxification metabolism. This occurred, however, at the expense of growth, with a temporary reduction in plant height and weight after application. The results indicated that metazachlor disappeared within 3 mo to 4 mo after application, which resulted in the recovery of the crop. In conclusion, metazachlor induces phytotoxicity in the short term, either directly through its mode of action or indirectly through the induction of oxidative stress, which resulted in a temporary reduction in growth. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:59–70. © 2016 SETAC
Teaching With a Technological Twist: Exit Tickets via Twitter in Literacy Classrooms
Authors: Amaro‐Jiménez Carla , Hungerford‐Kresser Holly , Pole Kathryn 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this article, the authors describe, reflect, and analyze the implementation of a commonly used teaching strategy with a technological twist: exit tickets via Twitter. Longitudinal data collected over the course of three years demonstrated that using Twitter to reinvent a nondigital teaching practice ultimately demonstrated a better understanding of student learning, provided a model for effective teaching, and offered more opportunities to hear student voices. Likewise, analyses showed the most important benefit of the strategy was an immediacy to classroom interactions. Examples of these interactions and the value in the immediacy, which allowed the instructor to capitalize on teachable moments and cocreate curriculum with students, are highlighted.
PCL films of varying porosity influence ICAM‐1 expression of HUVECs
Authors: Hu Xingyou , Hu Tao , Shen Gaotian , Lian Mingqiang , Guan Guoping , Wang Fujun , Wang Lu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHere, we investigate the relationship between the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and the adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on a poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) film with micropores of different pore sizes. The results showed that surface hydrophilicity increased with larger pore sizes, while surfaces became less hydrophilic as the pore size decreased. The ability for adhesion and proliferation of HUVECs on surfaces with larger pore sizes was enhanced as compared with that of surfaces with smaller pore sizes or a flat film. Furthermore, levels of mICAM‐1 were increased and sICAM‐1 decreased as a function of increasing pore size. These findings demonstrate that film surfaces with larger pore sizes may promote cell adhesion and proliferation and lead to increases in expression of mICAM‐1. Thus, we conclude that the pore size of the material's surface exerts a significant impact on the expression of adhesion molecules, the expression of which can represent an important new marker for investigating cell‐surface adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, as elevated levels of sICAM‐1 are associated with conditions such as inflammation, thrombosis, cerebral infarct and other diseases in vivo, it may serve as an early‐warning risk marker when using medical biomaterials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2775–2784, 2016.
Association of Genetic Variants at the 4q25 Locus with Atrial Fibrillation in Indian Population
Authors: Bhanushali Aparna , Nair Akhil , Jagdale Ganesh , Suvarna Tilak , Das Bibhu R. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical settings known to impair cardiac function. Genome‐wide association studies identified SNPs on chromosome 4q25 to be associated with AF. Till date no information is available from India related to the association of these variants with AF.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and sixty‐seven individuals comprising of 170 patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), 41 patients with AF, and 56 healthy controls were genotyped for rs10033464 and rs2200733 at 4q25 locus.ResultsStrong association of rs10033464 with AF was observed on comparison with control groups (OR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.08–6.21; P: 0.031) and between post‐coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) AF and control with dominant genetic model (OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 1.50–14.89; P: 0.0071). Comparison of post‐CABG AF with CAD also indicated association (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 0.9–7.56; P value: 0.05). In contrast, the rs2200733 C>T variant did not show any association with post‐CABG AF, but with lone AF with the ‘T’ allele being associated with increased risk was seen (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.08–7.24; P value: 0.042).ConclusionIn conclusion, the rs10033464 (T) allele is associated with the risk of post‐CABG AF and the rs2200733 (T) with lone AF.
Evaluation of CEDIA and DRI Drugs of Abuse Immunoassays for Urine Screening on a Thermo Indiko Plus Analyzer
Authors: Köhler Katharina M. , Hammer Raija , Riedy Kathrin , Auwärter Volker , Neukamm Merja A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundFor analysis of urine samples during abstinence control for driving ability assessment (medical and psychological assessment, MPA), a reliable screening method for ethyl glucuronide and drugs of abuse (cannabinoids, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, methadone, and benzodiazepines) is needed.MethodsIn this study CEDIA and DRI immunoassays were applied on a Thermo Fisher Scientific Indiko Plus analyzer. Precision and accuracy as well as sensitivity and specificity at the required cut‐offs for the MPA were evaluated.ResultsThe specificity was satisfactory and ranged from 91% for methamphetamine to 100% for opiates, cocaine metabolite, amphetamine, EDDP, and benzodiazepines. Moreover, sensitivity was 100% for all assays except for cannabinoids (91%).ConclusionThe presented method can therefore be recommended for abstinence control.
Benefits of side‐by‐side deployment of 6‐mm covered self‐expandable metal stents for hilar malignant biliary obstructions
Authors: Yoshida Tsukasa , Hara Kazuo , Imaoka Hiroshi , Hijioka Susumu , Mizuno Nobumasa , Ishihara Makoto , Tanaka Tsutomu , Tajika Masahiro , Niwa Yasumasa , Yamao Kenji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe best way to perform endoscopic stenting for hilar malignant biliary obstruction (HMBO) is under discussion. Recently, a 6‐mm covered self‐expandable metal stent (CSEMS) has become available. In this article, the results of side‐by‐side (SBS) 6‐mm CSEMS deployment for HMBO are reported.MethodsA total of 22 patients, 32 procedures of SBS 6‐mm CSEMS [16 fully covered (FCSEMS), 16 partially covered (PCSEMS)] deployment for HMBO, were prospectively enrolled from November 2011 to June 2015 and retrospectively analyzed. Technical and clinical success rates, stent patency period, complications, and re‐intervention success rates were analyzed.ResultsThe overall/FCSEMS/PCSEMS technical and clinical success rates were 96.9%/93.8%/100% and 93.5%/100%/87.5%, respectively. The mean stent patency period was 95/113/68 days. Early and late complication rates were 3.1%/0%/6.3% and 6.3%/12.5%/0%, respectively. Stent exchange was attempted in 12 procedures, and the stent exchange success rate was 83.3%/100%/75%.ConclusionsThis is the first report of SBS 6‐mm CSEMS deployment for HMBO. This procedure has high technical and clinical success rates and the advantages of ease of performance and a high success rate of re‐intervention. Outcomes appear better with FCSEMS than with PCSEMS deployment. Since stent patency is still controversial, large‐sample studies are needed.
In vivo measurement of vertebral endplate surface area along the whole‐spine
Authors: Kishimoto Maho , Akeda Koji , Sudo Akihiro , Espinoza Orías Alejandro A. , Inoue Nozomu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAccurate determination of vertebral endplate surface area and diameters plays an important role in surgical procedures, spinal implant design and sizing. The objective of this study was to contribute with baseline information on the endplate geometrical parameters using subject‐based 3D whole‐spine computed tomography (CT) models based on myelogram CT images taken of 49 patients with spinal disorders. Superior and inferior bony endplate mesh‐models were created from said 3D CT models and endplate geometrical parameters including total polygon‐mesh areas, projected areas and antero posterior and transverse diameters of each endplate were measured. The position of each endplate was determined by the cumulative distance along the spinal column with respect to C2. Endplate area and diameters were analyzed by gender, spinal level, age and correlation with spinal position. Males had larger endplates than females at all levels (p < 0.05) but S1. While endplate areas and transverse diameters increased with age at C3‐L5 in females, these increases were not consistent through the whole‐spine and even decreases with age were found at T1‐T3 in males. There was a strong linear correlation between endplate area and spinal position in males and females with correlation coefficient values of r = 0.938 and r = 0.911, respectively. However, multiple comparisons of the geometrical parameters through the whole‐spine revealed localized reduction of the anteroposterior or transverse diameters at T4 and L5‐S1 levels. These regional and age‐related changes in endplate dimensions should be taken into account for safe interventional treatments at these sites. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1418–1430, 2016.
Transoral robotic base of tongue reduction for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miller Stephen C. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Ong Adrian A. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effect of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) base of tongue (BOT) reduction on sleep‐related outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Ovid.Review MethodsLiterature search by two independent authors was conducted using the abovementioned databases. Studies on TORS BOT reduction as part of OSA treatment in adult patients with pre‐ and postoperative apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) scores were included. Studies on TORS as treatment for diseases other than OSA were excluded.ResultsA total of six articles with 353 patients treated with TORS BOT reduction met inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses (baseline vs. postsurgery) showed significant improvement in the following: AHI (44.3 ± 22.4 to 17.8 ± 16.5, P < .01), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (12.9 ± 5.4 to 5.8 ± 3.7, P < .01), lowest oxygen saturation (79.0 ± 9.5 to 84.1 ± 6.5, P < .01), and snoring visual analog scale (9.3 ± 0.8 to 2.4 ± 2.43, P < .01). Surgical success rate, defined as a >50% reduction of AHI with a postoperative AHI < 20, was 68.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 63.0%‐73.5%). Cure rate (postoperative AHI < 5) was 23.8% (95% CI = 19.1%‐29.2%).ConclusionsTORS BOT reduction decreases AHI and symptoms of sleepiness in adult patients with OSA. It is considered successful in a majority of cases; however, further studies must be performed to optimize patient selection criteria to achieve higher rates of success. Laryngoscope, 127:258–265, 2017