bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of confocal laser endomicroscopy for the detection of neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Xiong Yi‐Quan , Ma Shu‐Juan , Zhou Jun‐Hua , Zhong Xue‐Shan , Chen Qing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and Aims:Barrett's esophagus (BE) is considered the most important risk factor for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a recently developed technique used to diagnose neoplasia in BE. This meta‐analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of CLE for diagnosis of neoplasia in BE.Methods:We searched EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies for all articles published up to June 27, 2015 in English. The quality of included studies was assessed using QUADAS‐2. Per‐patient and per‐lesion pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results:In total, 14 studies were included in the final analysis, covering 789 patients with 4047 lesions. Seven studies were included in the per‐patient analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% CI: 0.82–0.94) and 83% (95% CI: 0.78–0.86), respectively. Ten studies were included in the per‐lesion analysis. Compared with the PP analysis, the corresponding pooled sensitivity declined to 77% (95% CI: 0.73–0.81) and specificity increased to 89% (95% CI: 0.87–0.90). Subgroup analysis showed that probe‐based CLE (pCLE) was superior to endoscope‐based CLE (eCLE) in pooled specificity [91.4% (95% CI: 89.7–92.9) vs 86.1% (95% CI: 84.3–87.8)] and AUC for the sROC (0.885 vs 0.762).Conclusion:Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a valid method to accurately differentiate neoplasms from non‐neoplasms in BE. It can be applied to BE surveillance and early diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Downregulation of serotonin reuptake transporter gene expression in healing colonic mucosa in presence of remaining low‐grade inflammation in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Tada Yasumasa , Ishihara Shunji , Kawashima Kousaku , Fukuba Nobuhiko , Sonoyama Hiroki , Kusunoki Ryusaku , Oka Akihiko , Mishima Yoshiyuki , Oshima Naoki , Moriyama Ichiro , Yuki Takafumi , Ishikawa Noriyoshi , Araki Asuka , Harada Yuji , Maruyama Riruke , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and AimThe serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) terminates serotonin activity by removing it from interstitial space. Downregulated colonic SERT expression has been reported in irritable bowel disease (IBS), and symptoms resembling IBS occur in cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission; thus, a common pathogenesis for IBS and IBD is possible. However, little is known regarding SERT expression in colonic mucosa of IBD patients during healing.MethodsTwenty‐two ulcerative colitis (UC) patients underwent colonoscopy examinations, during which inflamed mucosa was distinguished from that undergoing healing. Healing mucosa was classified into regular and irregular vessel patterns by narrowband imaging magnifying colonoscopy. Expressions of SERT and various inflammation‐related genes in biopsy samples were assessed using a polymerase chain reaction array system and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Colitis model mice were established by administration of dextran sodium sulfate or transfer of CD4+ T cells isolated from SAMP1 mice, then time‐course changes of SERT and inflammatory gene expressions were observed in colonic mucosa.ResultsIn UC patients, SERT expression in inflamed mucosa was significantly lower than in healing mucosa. SERT expression was decreased in healing mucosa with an irregular vessel pattern with mildly increased levels of inflammatory gene expression. In mice, SERT expression was suppressed in inflamed mucosa and continuously observed with low‐grade mucosal inflammation during colitis healing.ConclusionsSserotonin reuptake transporter expression is downregulated in healing colonic mucosa of UC patients and that suppression may be dependent on the presence of remaining low‐grade colonic inflammation.
New‐onset diabetes after liver transplantation: a national report from China Liver Transplant Registry
Authors: Ling Qi , Xu Xiao , Xie Haiyang , Wang Kai , Xiang Penghui , Zhuang Runzhou , Shen Tian , Wu Jian , Wang Weilin , Zheng Shusen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground/AimsNew‐onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a serious complication of liver transplantation (LT). The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors of NODAT by a national survey using the China Liver Transplant Registry database.PatientsA total of 10 204 non–pre‐existing diabetic patients undergone primary LT between January 2000 and December 2013 were included. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression analysis.ResultsNODAT occurred in 24.3% of liver recipients with a median follow‐up time of 2.6 years, and was associated with a significantly lower patient survival. NODAT increased not only diabetes related complications (e.g., infection, kidney failure) but also biliary stricture and cholangitis. NODAT patients who received hypoglycaemic treatment had a worse prognosis and a higher hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence compared with those without treatment. New‐onset hyperglycaemia (<30 days) was the major predictor of NODAT. Other risk factors included cold ischaemia time >9 h, recipient age >50 years, body mass index >25 kg/m2, other hepatitis (mainly hepatitis C), post‐transplant intensive care unit stay >15 days, cytomegalovirus infection and corticosteroid at discharge.ConclusionsThe incidence of NODAT in China is similar to that in Western countries. However, the NODAT‐related complications are more common and severer in China compared with those in Western countries. The major risk factors are different.
Computer‐aided diagnosis for estimating the malignancy grade of hepatocellular carcinoma using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound: an ROC observer study
Authors: Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Shiraishi Junji , Tanaka Hironori , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Aso Kazunobu , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Iijima Hiroko , Moriyasu Fuminori 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsWe are developing a computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system for estimating the malignancy grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In this study, observers estimated the malignancy grade of HCC with and without the cues provided by CAD.Materials and MethodsInstitutional review board approval was obtained and informed consent was waived. A total of 232 histologically confirmed HCCs were studied: 76 well‐differentiated HCC (w‐HCC), 133 moderately differentiated HCC (m‐HCC), and 23 poorly differentiated HCC (p‐HCC). In this observer study, CEUS vascular images acquired using the maximum intensity projection technique were displayed together with static B‐mode and Kupffer‐phase (defined as 10 min after injection) images. Five hepatologists independently assigned confidence ratings for the malignancy grade of each HCC. Each hepatologist first read each case without CAD and then immediately afterwards with CAD. The observers’ rating data were evaluated by multireader multicase receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe overall sensitivity of our CAD system for discrimination between three histological differentiation grades of HCC was 87.5% (203/232). For discrimination between w‐HCC and m/p‐HCC, the mean area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the five observers was significantly improved from 0.779 ± 0.074 to 0.872 ± 0.090 with CAD (P = 0.0069). For discrimination between m‐HCC and p‐HCC, the mean AUC was also significantly improved from 0.713 ± 0.107 to 0.863 ± 0.101 with CAD (P = 0.0321).ConclusionThe use of our CAD system can significantly improve the diagnostic performance of hepatologists in discriminating between three histological differentiation grades of HCC using CEUS.
Lithium isotopes and light lithophile element abundances in shergottites: Evidence for both magmatic degassing and subsolidus diffusion
Authors: Udry Arya , McSween Harry Y. , Hervig Richard L. , Taylor Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDegassed magmatic water was potentially the major source of surficial water on Mars. We measured Li, B, and Be abundances and Li isotope profiles in pyroxenes, olivines, and maskelynite from four compositionally different shergottites—Shergotty, QUE 94201, LAR 06319, and Tissint—using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). All three light lithophile elements (LLE) are incompatible: Li and B are soluble in H2O‐rich fluids, whereas Be is insoluble. In the analyzed shergottites, Li concentration decreases and Be concentration increases from cores to rims in pyroxenes. However, B concentrations do not vary consistently with Li and Be abundances, except in QUE 94201 pyroxenes. Additionally, abundances of these three elements in olivines show a normal igneous‐fractionation trend consistent with the crystallization of olivine before magma ascent and degassing. We expect that kinetic effects would lead to fractionation of 6Li in the vapor phase compared to 7Li during degassing. The Li isotope profiles, with increasing δ7Li from cores to rims, as well as Li and B profiles indicate possible degassing of hydrous fluids only for the depleted shergottite QUE 94201, as also supported by degassing models. Conversely, Shergotty, LAR 06319, and Tissint appear to have been affected by postcrystallization diffusion, based on their LLE and Li isotope profiles, accompanied by diffusion models. This process may represent an overlay on a degassing pattern. The LLE profiles and isotope profiles in QUE 94201 support the hypothesis that degassing of some basaltic shergottite magmas provided water to the Martian surface, although evidence may be obscured by subsolidus diffusion processes.
Climate variables explain neutral and adaptive variation within salmonid metapopulations: the importance of replication in landscape genetics
Authors: Hand Brian K. , Muhlfeld Clint C. , Wade Alisa A. , Kovach Ryan P. , Whited Diane C. , Narum Shawn R. , Matala Andrew P. , Ackerman Michael W. , Garner Brittany A. , Kimball John S. , Stanford Jack A. , Luikart Gordon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how environmental variation influences population genetic structure is important for conservation management because it can reveal how human stressors influence population connectivity, genetic diversity and persistence. We used riverscape genetics modelling to assess whether climatic and habitat variables were related to neutral and adaptive patterns of genetic differentiation (population‐specific and pairwise FST) within five metapopulations (79 populations, 4583 individuals) of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Columbia River Basin, USA. Using 151 putatively neutral and 29 candidate adaptive SNP loci, we found that climate‐related variables (winter precipitation, summer maximum temperature, winter highest 5% flow events and summer mean flow) best explained neutral and adaptive patterns of genetic differentiation within metapopulations, suggesting that climatic variation likely influences both demography (neutral variation) and local adaptation (adaptive variation). However, we did not observe consistent relationships between climate variables and FST across all metapopulations, underscoring the need for replication when extrapolating results from one scale to another (e.g. basin‐wide to the metapopulation scale). Sensitivity analysis (leave‐one‐population‐out) revealed consistent relationships between climate variables and FST within three metapopulations; however, these patterns were not consistent in two metapopulations likely due to small sample sizes (N = 10). These results provide correlative evidence that climatic variation has shaped the genetic structure of steelhead populations and highlight the need for replication and sensitivity analyses in land and riverscape genetics.
Strong and stable geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo maternal and paternal lineages indicates domestication in the China/Indochina border region
Authors: Zhang Yi , Lu Yongfang , Yindee Marnoch , Li Kuan‐Yi , Kuo Hsiao‐Yun , Ju Yu‐Ten , Ye Shaohui , Faruque Md Omar , Li Qiang , Wang Yachun , Cuong Vu Chi , Pham Lan Doan , Bouahom Bounthong , Yang Bingzhuang , Liang Xianwei , Cai Zhihua , Vankan Dianne , Manatchaiworakul Wallaya , Kowlim Nonglid , Duangchantrasiri Somphot , Wajjwalku Worawidh , Colenbrander Ben , Zhang Yuan , Beerli Peter , Lenstra Johannes A. , Barker J. Stuart F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe swamp type of the Asian water buffalo is assumed to have been domesticated by about 4000 years BP, following the introduction of rice cultivation. Previous localizations of the domestication site were based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation within China, accounting only for the maternal lineage. We carried out a comprehensive sampling of China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh and sequenced the mtDNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and the Y‐chromosomal ZFY, SRY and DBY sequences. Swamp buffalo has a higher diversity of both maternal and paternal lineages than river buffalo, with also a remarkable contrast between a weak phylogeographic structure of river buffalo and a strong geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo. The highest diversity of the swamp buffalo maternal lineages was found in south China and north Indochina on both banks of the Mekong River, while the highest diversity in paternal lineages was in the China/Indochina border region. We propose that domestication in this region was later followed by introgressive capture of wild cows west of the Mekong. Migration to the north followed the Yangtze valley as well as a more eastern route, but also involved translocations of both cows and bulls over large distances with a minor influence of river buffaloes in recent decades. Bayesian analyses of various migration models also supported domestication in the China/Indochina border region. Coalescence analysis yielded consistent estimates for the expansion of the major swamp buffalo haplogroups with a credibility interval of 900 to 3900 years BP. The spatial differentiation of mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal haplotype distributions indicates a lack of gene flow between established populations that is unprecedented in livestock.
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane‐bound MoSec62 is involved in the suppression of rice immunity and is essential for the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Zhou Zhuangzhi , Pang Zhiqian , Li Guihua , Lin Chunhua , Wang Jing , Lv Qiming , He Chaozu , Zhu Lihuang 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI) constitutes the first line of plant inducible immunity. As an important step of plant colonization, phytopathogens have to suppress PTI, and secreted effectors are therefore co‐evolved and deployed. In this study, we characterized the function of MoSec62 of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of the destructive rice blast. MoSec62 encodes a homologue of Sec62p, a yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane transporter for precursors of secretory proteins. We showed that a T‐DNA insertion into the promoter region of MoSec62, causing a disturbance to the up‐regulation of MoSec62 expression during blast invasion, resulted in a complete loss of blast virulence of the mutant, M1575. Both 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of the infected rice leaves and expression analysis revealed that the infectious attempt by the mutant led to strong defence responses of rice. Consistently, in transcriptomic analysis of rice leaves subject to blast inoculation, a battery of defence responses was found to be induced exclusively on M1575 challenge. For further exploration, we tested the pathogenicity on a highly susceptible rice variety and detected the accumulation of Slp1, a known PTI suppressor. Both results suggested that the mutant most likely failed to overcome rice PTI. In addition, we showed that MoSec62 was able to rescue the thermosensitivity of a yeast Δsec62, and the MoSec62‐GFP fusion was co‐localized to the ER membrane, both suggesting the conservation of Sec62 homologues. In conclusion, our data indicate that MoSec62, probably as an ER membrane transporter, plays an essential role in antagonizing rice defence at the early stages of blast invasion.
Methodology for developing competency standards for dietitians in Australia
Authors: Palermo Claire , Conway Jane , Beck Eleanor J. , Dart Janeane , Capra Sandra , Ash Susan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCompetency standards document the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for competent performance. This study develops competency standards for dietitians in order to substantiate an approach to competency standard development. Focus groups explored the current and emerging purpose, role, and function of the profession, which were used to draft competency standards. Consensus was then sought using two rounds of a Delphi survey. Seven focus groups were conducted with 28 participants (15 employers/practitioners, 5 academics, 8 new graduates). Eighty‐two of 110 invited experts participated in round one and 67 experts completed round two. Four major functions of dietitians were identified: being a professional, influencing the health of individuals, groups, communities, and populations through evidence‐based nutrition practice, and working collaboratively in teams. Overall there was a high level of consensus on the standards: 93% achieved agreement by participants in round one and all revised standards achieved consensus on round 2. The methodology provides a framework for other professions wishing to embark on competency standard review or development.
Fluctuating, warm temperatures decrease the effect of a key floral repressor on flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Burghardt Liana T. , Runcie Daniel E. , Wilczek Amity M. , Cooper Martha D. , Roe Judith L. , Welch Stephen M. , Schmitt Johanna 
Published: December 2015

Summary

The genetic basis of growth and development is often studied in constant laboratory environments; however, the environmental conditions that organisms experience in nature are often much more dynamic.

We examined how daily temperature fluctuations, average temperature, day length and vernalization influence the flowering time of 59 genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana with allelic perturbations known to affect flowering time. For a subset of genotypes, we also assessed treatment effects on morphology and growth.

We identified 17 genotypes, many of which have high levels of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), that bolted dramatically earlier in fluctuating – as opposed to constant – warm temperatures (mean = 22°C). This acceleration was not caused by transient VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3‐mediated vernalization, differential growth rates or exposure to high temperatures, and was not apparent when the average temperature was cool (mean = 12°C). Further, in constant temperatures, contrary to physiological expectations, these genotypes flowered more rapidly in cool than in warm environments. Fluctuating temperatures often reversed these responses, restoring faster bolting in warm conditions. Independently of bolting time, warm fluctuating temperature profiles also caused morphological changes associated with shade avoidance or ‘high‐temperature’ phenotypes.

Our results suggest that previous studies have overestimated the effect of the floral repressor FLC on flowering time by using constant temperature laboratory conditions.
Foucault's legacy for nursing: are we beneficiaries or intestate heirs?
Authors: Clinton Michael E. , Springer Rusla Anne 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDrawing upon selected literature from the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Canada we examine how Foucault's concepts of ‘episteme’, ‘rupture’ ‘parrhesia’ ‘care of the self’, and ‘problemitization’ have been applied to particular contexts of leadership development, pedagogy, nursing knowledge, and the relationship between caring and politics. Our aims are threefold: to give examples of how selected Foucauldian concepts have been taken up in practice; to clarify how we are positioned today as nurses; and to invite more nurses to engage critically with historical inquiry and to engage in deep philosophical reflection about their relationship with nursing. We begin by examining the conditions and circumstances of Foucault's life, and conclude by posing the question in our subtitle to stimulate debate about the philosophical relevance of Foucauldian scholarship to nursing.
Serum Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations and Clinical Outcomes in ESRD: A Call for Targeted Clinical Trials
Authors: Zand Ladan , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSecondary hyperparathyroidism almost universally accompanies end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). In some, but not all studies, elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations are associated with increased fracture rates, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in ESRD. The serum concentration of PTH required for optimal bone health and reduced cardiovascular risk in such patients remains elusive. Recent clinical trials have failed to show substantial changes in morbidity and mortality following reductions of elevated serum PTH concentrations. In this review, we will assess some of the difficulties in evaluating elevated serum PTH concentrations, and their association with skeletal fractures and mortality in ESRD patients. We are of the opinion that in the context of ESRD, elevated PTH concentrations occur in conjunction with other comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, hypertension, volume excess, preexisting heart disease, all of which have prevented establishing a precise association between elevated serum PTH concentrations and global or skeletal outcomes. Age, gender, and racial variability among groups make interpretation exceptionally difficult. Analysis of prevalent ESRD populations with secondary hyperparathyroidism should take all these factors into account. We suggest that future clinical trials which examine the usefulness of reductions in serum PTH concentrations be conducted in age, sex, and racially balanced groups, without or with minimal coexisting confounding disease. Furthermore, trials in such populations should have as their primary outcome a reduction in fractures rather than an alteration in mortality.
Proximal hamstring morphology and morphometry in men: an anatomic and MRI investigation
Authors: Storey R. N. , Meikle G. R. , Stringer M. D. , Woodley S. J. 
Published: December 2015

The proximal musculo‐tendinous junction (MTJ) is a common site of hamstring strain injury but the anatomy of this region is not well defined. A morphometric analysis of the proximal MTJs of biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) was undertaken from dissection of 10 thighs from five male cadavers and magnetic resonance imaging of 20 thighs of 10 active young men. The length, volume, and cross‐sectional area of the proximal tendon, MTJ and muscle belly, and muscle‐tendon interface area were calculated. In both groups, MTJs were reconstructed three‐dimensionally. The proximal tendons and MTJs were expansive, particularly within SM and BFlh. Morphology varied between muscles although length measurements within individual muscles were similar in cadavers and young men. Semimembranosus had the longest proximal tendon (cadavers: mean 33.6 ± 2.0 cm; young men: mean 31.7 ± 1.6 cm) and MTJ (>20 cm in both groups) and the greatest muscle‐tendon interface area, followed by BFlh and ST. Mean muscle belly volumes were more than three times greater in young men than elderly male cadavers (P < 0.001). These unique morphometric data contribute to a better understanding of hamstring anatomy, an important factor in the pathogenesis of hamstring strain injury.