bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitavastatin suppresses hyperglycaemia‐induced podocyte injury via bone morphogenetic protein‐7 preservation
Authors: Ohigashi Makoto , Kobara Miyuki , Takahashi Tamotsu , Toba Hiroe , Wada Takehiko , Nakata Tetsuo 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPodocytes form the essential components of the glomerular filtration barrier and play a critical role in diabetic nephropathy. Recent evidence suggests that HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) exert renoprotective effects. We investigated whether pitavastatin directly suppresses hyperglycaemia‐induced podocyte injury using cultured podocytes and, if so, the mechanism of the beneficial effects. Cultured podocytes were exposed to media containing normal (NG; 5 mmol/L) or high (HG; 25 mmol/L) glucose for 1 week. HG increased the lethal injury of podocytes and disruption of F‐actin fibers, and reduced the mRNA expression of novel podocyte markers, synaptopodin and Wilms tumor‐1 (WT‐1), in association with decreased bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) expression. Pitavastatin (100 nmol/L) reduced podocyte injury and restored the mRNA expression of synaptopodin and WT1; however, these protective effects were abolished by BMP‐7 siRNA. Additionally, pitavastatin suppressed HG‐induced Rho kinase activation, as assessed by the phosphorylation level of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYTP1), and C3 exotoxin, a Rho inhibitor, mimicked the effect of pitavastatin on BMP‐7 preservation. Pitavastatin attenuates hyperglycaemia‐induced podocyte injury via Rho‐Rho kinase‐dependent BMP‐7 preservation.
Spanish‐Speaking Immigrants’ Access to Safety Net Providers and Translation Services Across Traditional and Emerging US Destinations
Authors: NATHENSON ROBERT A. , SALONER BRENDAN , RICHARDS MICHAEL R. , RHODES KARIN V. 
Published: December 2016

Policy Points:
Latino immigrants have recently spread beyond traditional US enclaves to “emerging destinations.” The arrival of limited English proficiency (LEP) Spanish‐speakers to these areas can challenge the health care system, as translation services may not be readily available for LEP patients.
Trained auditors posed as family members of LEP patients seeking primary care in a safety net setting. We found substantially lower appointment availability for LEP adults in emerging destinations compared to traditional destinations.
Greater bilingual resources are needed within safety net clinics to accommodate LEP Spanish speakers as this population continues to grow and expand throughout the United States.
ContextRecent demographic trends show Latino immigrants moving to “emerging destinations” outside traditional Latino enclaves. Immigrants in emerging destinations with limited English proficiency (LEP) may experience greater challenges finding health care services oriented to their linguistic needs than those in traditional enclaves, especially if the supply of language resources in these areas has not kept pace with new demand.MethodsThis study uses an experimental audit design to directly compare the ability of uninsured Spanish‐speaking LEP adults to access interpreter services and to obtain new patient primary care appointments at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) across traditional and emerging destinations. We additionally compare the appointment rates of English‐proficient uninsured and English‐proficient Medicaid patients across these destinations that contacted the same FQHCs. English‐proficient patients serve as an access benchmark that is independent of differences in Spanish language services.FindingsResults indicate that LEP Spanish‐speaking patients within emerging destinations are 40 percentage points less likely to receive an appointment than those in traditional destinations. English‐proficient groups, by contrast, experience similar levels of access across destinations. Disparities in safety net provider access by destination status are consistent with differences in the availability of bilingual services. Ninety‐two percent of FQHCs in traditional destinations offered appointments with either Spanish‐speaking clinicians or translation services with non‐clinical bilingual staff, while only 54% did so in emerging destinations. LEP patients denied care in emerging destinations must also travel greater distances than in traditional destinations to reach the next available safety net provider.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that current language resources in emerging destinations may be inadequate for keeping up with the transforming needs of the patient population. As the Latino immigrant population continues to expand and diffuse, better accommodation within the health care safety net is likely to increase in importance.
Differential Sensitivity to Ethanol‐Induced Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Adolescent and Adult Mice
Authors: Ruby Christina L. , Palmer Kaitlyn N. , Zhang Jiawen , Risinger Megan O. , Butkowski Melissa A. , Swartzwelder H. Scott 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundGrowing evidence supports a central role for the circadian system in alcohol use disorders, but few studies have examined this relationship during adolescence. In mammals, circadian rhythms are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a biological clock whose timing is synchronized (reset) to the environment primarily by light (photic) input. Alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) disrupts circadian timing in part by attenuating photic phase‐resetting responses in adult rodents. However, circadian rhythms change throughout life and it is not yet known whether EtOH has similar effects on circadian regulation during adolescence.MethodsGeneral circadian locomotor activity was monitored in male C57BL6/J mice beginning in adolescence (P27) or adulthood (P61) in a 12‐hour light, 12‐hour dark photocycle for ~2 weeks to establish baseline circadian activity measures. On the day of the experiment, mice received an acute injection of EtOH (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) or equal volume saline 15 minutes prior to a 30‐minute light pulse at Zeitgeber Time 14 (2 hours into the dark phase) and then were released into constant darkness (DD) for ~2 weeks to assess phase‐resetting responses. Control mice of each age‐group received injections but no light pulse prior to DD.ResultsWhile adults showed the expected decrease in photic phase‐delays induced by acute EtOH, this effect was absent in adolescent mice. Adolescents also showed baseline differences in circadian rhythmicity compared to adults, including advanced photocycle entrainment, larger photic phase‐delays, a shorter free‐running (endogenous) circadian period, and greater circadian rhythm amplitude.ConclusionsCollectively, our results indicate that adolescent mice are less sensitive to the effect of EtOH on circadian photic phase‐resetting and that their daily activity rhythms are markedly different than those of adults.
Endometriosis‐associated infertility: aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment options
Authors: Tanbo Tom , Fedorcsak Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEndometriosis is a common condition in women of reproductive age. In addition to pain, endometriosis may also reduce fertility. The causes of infertility in women with endometriosis may range from anatomical distortions due to adhesions and fibrosis to endocrine abnormalities and immunological disturbances. In some cases, the various pathophysiological disturbances seem to interact through mechanisms so far not fully understood. Whether surgery should be offered as a treatment option in endometriosis‐associated infertility has become controversial, partly due to its modest or undocumented effect. Medical or hormonal treatment alone has little or no effect and should only be used in conjunction with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Of the various methods of ART, intrauterine insemination, due to its simplicity, can be recommended in women with minimal or mild peritoneal endometriosis, even though insemination may yield a lower success rate than in women without endometriosis. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an effective treatment option in less‐advanced disease stages, and the success rates are similar to the results in other causes of infertility. However, women with more advanced stages of endometriosis have lower success rates with IVF.
Mannoside recognition and degradation by bacteria
Authors: Ladevèze Simon , Laville Elisabeth , Despres Jordane , Mosoni Pascale , Potocki‐Véronèse Gabrielle 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTMannosides constitute a vast group of glycans widely distributed in nature. Produced by almost all organisms, these carbohydrates are involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell structuration, protein maturation and signalling, mediation of protein–protein interactions and cell recognition. The ubiquitous presence of mannosides in the environment means they are a reliable source of carbon and energy for bacteria, which have developed complex strategies to harvest them. This review focuses on the various mannosides that can be found in nature and details their structure. It underlines their involvement in cellular interactions and finally describes the latest discoveries regarding the catalytic machinery and metabolic pathways that bacteria have developed to metabolize them.
Influence of misfit on the occurrence of veneering porcelain fractures (chipping) in implant‐supported metal‐ceramic fixed dental prostheses: an in vitro pilot trial
Authors: Löfgren Nils , Larsson Christel , Mattheos Nikos , Janda Martin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTechnical complications such as veneer fractures are more common in implant‐supported than tooth‐supported restorations. The underlying causes have not been fully identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether misfit between the restoration and the implant may affect the risk of veneer fractures.Materials and methodsTwenty standardized five‐unit implant‐supported metal‐ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDP)s were manufactured and fixed in acrylic blocks. The test group consisted of ten FDPs fixed with a 150‐μm misfit at the distal abutment. The remaining ten FDPs were fixed without misfit and acted as a control group. All FDPS underwent cyclic loading for a total of 100,000 cycles at 30‐300 N. The FDPs were checked for cracks or chip‐off fractures regularly. After cyclic load, the retorque value of all abutment screws was checked.ResultsCracks within the veneering porcelain were noted in nine FDPs in the test group and one FDP in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Fractures of the veneering porcelain occurred in three FDPs in the test group. No fractures occurred in the control group. This difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in retorque values neither between the groups nor between different abutment positions in the FDPs.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro pilot trial, it is suggested that misfit between a restoration and the supporting implant may increase the risk of cracking and/or chipping of the veneering porcelain for metal‐ceramic FDPs.
Transformation of Experience: Toward a New Relationship with Nature
Authors: Clayton Susan , Colléony Agathe , Conversy Pauline , Maclouf Etienne , Martin Léo , Torres Ana‐Cristina , Truong Minh‐Xuan , Prévot Anne‐Caroline 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite decades of awareness about the biodiversity crisis, it remains a wicked problem. Besides preservation and restoration strategies, one approach has focused on increasing public concern about biodiversity issues by emphasizing opportunities for people to experience natural environments. In this article, we endeavor to complicate the understanding of these experiences of nature (EoN). Because EoN are embedded in social and cultural contexts, transformative or new EoN are emerging in combination with societal changes in work, home, and technology. Policies that acknowledge and accept a diversity of culturally situated EoN, including negative EoN, could help people reconnect with the complexity and dynamics of biodiversity. A new conceptualization of EoN that encompasses diverse experiences and reflects the sociocultural context could help to stimulate a broader transformation in the relationship between society and nature, one that better integrates the two spheres. Such a transformation is necessary to more effectively address the biodiversity crisis.
Is oxygen saturation variable of simplified pulmonary embolism severity index reliable for identification of patients, suitable for outpatient treatment
Authors: Erol Serhat , Gürün Kaya Aslıhan , Arslan Ciftçi Fatma , Çiledağ Aydın , Şen Elif , Kaya Akın , Çelik Gökhan , Savaş İsmail 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) or simplified version (sPESI) are widely validated risk scores for the identification of eligible patients for outpatient treatment. Saturation is one of these criteria. For this metric, saturation of 90% or greater is assigned zero points. However, 90% saturation does not always exclude hypoxemic respiratory failure.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were first was to define corresponding partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) values according to saturation in pulmonary embolism (PE) patients, and the second was to define a target saturation that can exclude hypoxemic respiratory failure and enable secure discharge of PE patients from emergency departments.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. To determine the optimal saturation value by which to detect hypoxemic respiratory failure, we generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the negative predictive value.ResultsTotal of 65 patients were included in this study. Mean PaO2 levels from SaO2 89% to SaO2 93% were 52.8, 57.1, 57.3, 61, and 63.8 mmHg, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed SaO2 level of 91.5% to be optimal target saturation for excluding respiratory failure with 84.6% specificity and 89.7% sensitivity; area under the curve was 0.885 (95% CI 0.796‐0.975). The negative predictive value was 80% for SaO2 level of 92%.ConclusionPatients with PE may be in respiratory failure despite an oxyhemoglobin saturation of ≥90%. Although saturation is likely more important than precise PaO2 in tissue oxygenation, clinicians should be aware of the physiological effects of hypoxemia and take this into account before making outpatient treatment decisions.
Evolutionary history of the endangered shrub snapdragon (Galvezia leucantha) of the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Guzmán Beatriz , Heleno Ruben , Nogales Manuel , Simbaña Walter , Traveset Anna , Vargas Pablo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe endangered Galápagos shrub snapdragon (Galvezia leucantha, Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae) is restricted to small populations on four islands. In this study, we appraised results from taxonomy, genetics, phylogenetics, phylogeography and pollination ecology to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus Galvezia.LocationPeru, continental Ecuador and Galápagos.MethodsWe sequenced the nuclear ribosomal ITS and two plastid regions, ndhF and ndhF‐rpL32, to infer the origin of Galvezia and patterns of colonization to and across the Galápagos archipelago, based on Bayesian inference and statistical parsimony analyses. To investigate genetic diversity and differentiation within G. leucantha, we screened the genome of six populations and obtained 194 AFLP fingerprints. Autogamy tests and pollination network analyses were performed to evaluate the colonization potential and to investigate the structure of the pollinators’ assemblage of Galvezia.ResultsRelationships of seven nucleotide‐substitution haplotypes and 11 nucleotide‐substitution ribotypes of Galvezia revealed monophyly for the Galapagos species. Dating estimates indicated divergence of the insular Galvezia lineage in the Middle‐Upper Pleistocene (0.66–0.09 Ma). In addition, distribution of genotypes (seven haplotypes, eight ribotypes) across the three continental species showed geographical differentiation, while low differentiation and distribution of G. leucantha. AFLP genetic diversity is relatively high (HT = 0.109), but a low proportion of the total allelic variance is attributed to variation among subspecies/islands (Hb = 0.035, hierarchical AMOVA: 3.77% of total variance). The endemic bee (Xylocopa darwinii) accounted for 87.30% of the floral visits to G. leucantha.Main conclusionsWe inferred a single origin for an insular lineage that colonized the Galápagos Islands from northern Peru in the Pleistocene. Recent colonization of the archipelago, Pleistocene land bridges between islands and active gene flow promoted by X. darwinii may account for the low‐moderate genetic differentiation of G. leucantha subspecies. An unusual pollination shift from ornithophily (hummingbirds on the continent) to entomophily (Xylocopa in the Galápagos Islands) is supported.
Treatment of prednisolone‐induced hyperglycaemia in hospitalized patients: Insights from a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Radhakutty Anjana , Stranks Jessica L. , Mangelsdorf Brenda L. , Drake Sophie M. , Roberts Gregory W. , Zimmermann Anthony T. , Stranks Stephen N. , Thompson Campbell H. , Burt Morton G. 
Published: December 2016

AimPrednisolone causes hyperglycaemia predominantly between midday and midnight. Consequently, glargine‐based basal‐bolus insulin regimens may under treat daytime hyperglycaemia and cause nocturnal hypoglycaemia. We investigated whether an isophane‐based insulin regimen is safer and more effective than a glargine‐based regimen in hospitalized patients.Materials and methodsFifty inpatients prescribed ≥20 mg/day prednisolone acutely with (1) finger prick blood glucose level (BGL) ≥15 mmol/L or (2) BGLs ≥10 mmol/L within the previous 24 hours were randomized to either insulin isophane or glargine before breakfast and insulin aspart before meals. The initial daily insulin dose was 0.5 U/kg bodyweight or 130% of the current daily insulin dose. Glycaemic control was assessed using a continuous glucose monitoring system.ResultsOn Day 1, there were no significant differences in percentage of time outside a target glucose range of 4 to 10 mmol/L (41.3% ± 5.5% vs 50.0% ± 5.7%,
P
= .28), mean daily glucose (10.2 ± 0.7 vs 10.8 ± 0.8 mmol/L,
P
= .57) or glucose <4 mmol/L (2.2% ± 1.1% vs 2.0% ± 1.3%,
P
= .92) in patients randomized to isophane and glargine. In patients treated for 3 days, the prednisolone dose was reduced (
P
= .02) and the insulin dose was increased over time (
P
= .02), but the percentage of time outside the 4 to 10 mmol/L glucose range did not differ over time (
P
= .45) or between groups (
P
= .24).ConclusionsThere were no differences in the efficacy or safety of the isophane and glargine‐based insulin regimens. We recommend an initial daily insulin dose of 0.5 units/kg bodyweight if not on insulin, a greater than 30% increase in pre‐prednisolone insulin dose and larger insulin dose adjustments in patients with prednisolone‐induced hyperglycaemia.
MasterOnline Periodontology and Implant Therapy—revisited after seven years: A case study of the structures and outcomes in a blended learning CPD
Authors: Ratka‐Krüger P. , Wölber J. P. , Blank J. , Holst K. , Hörmeyer I. , Vögele E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThere is a great need for postgraduate training and continuing professional development (CPD), specifically in the field of periodontology. Despite the plenty of periodontal CPDs, there is a lack of information about the performance of CPDs in a blended learning setting. This study is a case study of the structures and outcomes in a blended learning CPD programme in periodontology, the MasterOnline Periodontology and Implant Therapy hosted by the University of Freiburg's Dental School.Material and MethodsThe structures of the blended learning CPD were analysed with the aims to (i) make explicit how various innovative educational methods and ICT tools can be successfully applied to a Web‐supported postgraduate periodontology training programme, (ii) identify the programme's impact on learning transfer in students' dental practices and (iii) identify other outcomes, synergies and any changes required during the existence. Using qualitative interviewing, the various types of learning transfer and elements of the study programme that foster transfer could be exemplified.ResultsA period of 7 years was analysed. In this duration, 50 students successfully graduated to a master of science. Qualitative interviews were performed with six students and four teachers affirming the learning transfer in a blended learning setting.ConclusionsThis case study shows that blended learning can be a successful approach for CPD in dentistry.
Do dental undergraduates think that Thiel‐embalmed cadavers are a more realistic model for teaching exodontia?
Authors: Hanson C. , Wilkinson T. , Macluskey M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionTeaching exodontia to novice undergraduates requires a realistic model. Thiel‐embalmed cadavers retain the flexibility of the soft tissues and could be used to teach exodontia.ObjectiveThe objective was to determine whether Thiel‐embalmed cadavers were perceived to be a more realistic model by undergraduates in comparison with mannequins.Materials and MethodsOver a period of 4 years (2011‐2014), students were randomly assigned into two groups: those taught exodontia on mannequins only (NT) and those who also experienced cadaveric teaching (T). This was followed by an assessment.ResultsThere were 174 students in the T group and 108 in the NT group. Sixty‐five per cent of the T group and 69% of the NT group provided feedback. Ninety‐eight per cent (98%) felt that they had been advantaged by being included in the group compared with 95% in the NT who felt disadvantaged. The majority (98%) thought that using the cadavers was advantageous and gave a realistic feel for soft tissue management (89%) and that it was similar to managing a patient (81%). Self‐reported confidence in undertaking an extraction was not different between the two groups (P=.078), and performance in the extraction assessment was not significantly different between the two groups over the 4 years (P=.8).ConclusionThe Thiel‐embalmed cadavers were well received by the students who found it a more realistic model for exodontia than a mannequin, even though this did not impact on their performance in a following assessment. Future work on these cadavers may be expanded to include surgical procedures.
Dental students' perceptions on the contribution and impact role of a clinical teacher
Authors: Shoaib L. A. , Safii S. H. , Naimie Z. , Ahmad N. A. , Sukumaran P. , Yunus R. M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted in University of Malaya to evaluate student perceptions on the contribution and role of an effective clinical teacher based on the cognitive apprenticeship model in clinical practice.MethodsSelf‐administered questionnaires were distributed to 233 undergraduate dental students involved with clinical teaching. This modified and validated questionnaire focusing on students' learning environment was used in order to gain relevant information related to dental clinical teaching. Six domains with different criteria applicable to clinical teaching in dentistry were selected consisting of modelling (four criteria), coaching (four criteria), scaffolding (four criteria), articulation (four criteria), reflection (two criteria) and general learning environment (six criteria). Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.ResultsMajority of the students expressed positive perceptions on their clinical learning experience towards the clinical teachers in the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, in all criteria of the domains. Few negative feedbacks concerning the general learning environment were reported.ConclusionFurther improvement in the delivery of clinical teaching preferably by using wide variety of teaching–learning activities can be taken into account through students' feedback on their learning experience.