bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of specimen thickness and alignment on the material and failure properties of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber mats
Authors: Mubyana Kuwabo , Koppes Ryan A. , Lee Kristen L. , Cooper James A. , Corr David T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractElectrospinning is a versatile fabrication technique that has been recently expanded to create nanofibrous structures that mimic ECM topography. Like many materials, electrospun constructs are typically characterized on a smaller scale, and scaled up for various applications. This established practice is based on the assumption that material properties, such as toughness, failure stress and strain, are intrinsic to the material, and thus will not be influenced by specimen geometry. However, we hypothesized that the material and failure properties of electrospun nanofiber mats vary with specimen thickness. To test this, we mechanically characterized polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mats of three different thicknesses in response to constant rate elongation to failure. To identify if any observed thickness‐dependence could be attributed to fiber alignment, such as the effects of fiber reorientation during elongation, these tests were performed in mats with either random or aligned nanofiber orientation. Contrary to our hypothesis, the failure strain was conserved across the different thicknesses, indicating similar maximal elongation for specimens of different thickness. However, in both the aligned and randomly oriented groups, the ultimate tensile stress, short‐range modulus, yield modulus, and toughness all decreased with increasing mat thickness, thereby indicating that these are not intrinsic material properties. These findings have important implications in engineered scaffolds for fibrous and soft tissue applications (e.g., tendon, ligament, muscle, and skin), where such oversights could result in unwanted laxity or reduced resistance to failure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2794–2800, 2016.
Comparative morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in Uropygi and Amblypygi (Arachnida): Complex correspondences support Arachnopulmonata
Authors: Klußmann‐Fricke B.‐J. , Wirkner C.S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough the circulatory system of arthropods has long been considered as rather simple, recent studies have demonstrated that in certain arthropod taxa, such as Malacostraca, some Chilopoda and also many Chelicerata, the vascular systems in particular are rather complex. Furthermore, a recent study has revealed that the prosomal ganglion of scorpions and spiders is supplied by an intricate network of arteries, the complexity of which bears a close resemblance to that of vertebrate capillary systems. In this study, we analyzed the hemolymph vascular systems of various species of Pedipalpi (i.e., Amblypygi and Uropygi). By combining modern techniques, such as MicroCT and cLSM, with computer‐based 3D‐reconstruction, we were able to produce comprehensive visualizations and descriptions of the vascular systems. Despite the lack of well‐corroborated phylogenetic hypotheses on arachnid relationships and the controversial assertion of relationships between the pulmonate arachnids, we aim to elucidate the evolution of complex vascular systems in Arachnida. By comparing these highly complex vascular systems not only with each other, but also with other pulmonate arachnids, we found numerous detailed correspondences in the general branching pattern as well as in the supply patterns of the prosomal ganglion. We argue that these numerous and detailed correspondences by their absence in other arachnids i.e. aplumonates, support Arachnopulmonata. J. Morphol. 277:1084–1103, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation and Comparative Analysis of Different Binding Modes of Non‐nucleoside Agonists at the A2AAdenosine Receptor
Authors: Dal Ben Diego , Buccioni Michela , Lambertucci Catia , Marucci Gabriella , Santinelli Claudia , Spinaci Andrea , Thomas Ajiroghene , Volpini Rosaria 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNon‐nucleoside agonists of adenosine receptors were analysed at the A2Aadenosine receptor to simulate and compare their possible binding modes. The docking studies were performed by using different arrangements of the binding cavity and various docking tools. Mutagenesis results reported in literature were used as reference data for the assessment of the different ligand arrangements observed in this study. The results suggest four possible binding modes, two of which appear compatible with an agonist activity and in agreement with the mutagenesis data. This study provides useful information for the design of new simplified compounds presenting agonist activity at the A2Aadenosine receptor.
No evidence for metabolic adaptation in thermic effect of food by dietary protein
Authors: Sutton Elizabeth F. , Bray George A. , Burton Jeffrey H. , Smith Steven R. , Redman Leanne M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveDetermine whether prolonged consumption of high‐ or low‐protein diets modifies the thermogenic response to a standard meal.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy individuals were randomized to overfeeding diets containing low (5%, n = 8), normal (15%, n = 9), or high (25%, n = 7) protein for 56 days while inpatients. The thermic effect of food (TEF) was measured over 4 h by indirect calorimetry following a standard meal (20% of energy, 20% protein) or a meal that matched the study diet (“study meal”).ResultsAs expected, the TEF following the study meal (i.e., either low, normal, or high protein content) was significantly associated with dietary protein (P = 0.007), and the TEF was significantly increased in the high‐protein diet (15.4%) versus the normal‐protein (5.6%) and low‐protein diets (6.4%) (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively). However, returning to a standard meal (20% protein) after 42 days of overfeeding the study diets, the TEF response did not differ from baseline between groups or within subjects regardless of the prolonged intake of the habitual study diet (high protein: P = 0.32, low protein: P = 0.11, normal protein: P = 0.79).ConclusionsTEF is related to acute dietary protein intake but not altered by prolonged intake of high‐energy diets with high or low protein content.
Dietary supplementation with omega‐3 fatty acids and oleate enhances exercise training effects in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ortega Juan F. , Morales‐Palomo Felix , Fernandez‐Elias Valentin , Hamouti Nassim , Bernardo Francisco J. , Martin‐Doimeadios Rosa C. , Nelson Rachael K. , Horowitz Jeffrey F. , Mora‐Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveWe studied the effects of exercise training alone or combined with dietary supplementation of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω‐3PUFA) and oleate on metabolic syndrome (MSyn) components and other markers of cardiometabolic health.MethodsThirty‐six patients with MSyn underwent 24 weeks of high‐intensity interval training. In a double‐blind randomized design, half of the group ingested 500 mL/day of semi‐skim milk (8 g of fat; placebo milk) whereas the other half ingested 500 mL/day of skim milk enriched with 275 mg of Ω‐3PUFA and 7.5 g of oleate (Ω‐3 + OLE).ResultsΩ‐3 + OLE treatment elevated 30% plasma Ω‐3PUFA but not significantly (P = 0.286). Improvements in VO2peak (12.8%), mean blood pressure (−7.1%), waist circumference (−1.8%), body fat mass (−2.9%), and trunk fat mass (−3.3%) were similar between groups. However, insulin sensitivity (measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test), serum concentration of C‐reactive protein, and high‐density lipoprotein improved only in the Ω‐3 + OLE group by 31.5%, 32.1%, and 10.3%, respectively (all P < 0.05). Fasting serum triacylglycerol, glucose, and plasma fibrinogen concentrations did not improve in either group after 24 weeks of intervention.ConclusionsDiet supplementation with Ω‐3PUFA and oleate enhanced cardiometabolic benefits of intense aerobic exercise training in patients with MSyn.
Severe, persistent, and fatal T‐cell immunodeficiency following therapy for infantile leukemia
Authors: Geerlinks Ashley V. , Issekutz Thomas , Wahlstrom Justin T. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Cowan Morton J. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Fernandez Conrad V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe describe five cases of children who completed chemotherapy for infantile acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and soon after were diagnosed with severe T‐cell, non‐HIV immunodeficiency, with varying B‐cell and NK‐cell depletion. There was near absence of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. All patients developed multiple, primarily opportunistic infections. Unfortunately, four patients died, although one was successfully treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These immunodeficiencies appeared to be secondary to intensive infant ALL chemotherapy. Our report highlights the importance of the early consideration of this life‐threatening immune complication in patients who received chemotherapy for infantile ALL.
Temperature and cooling field dependent exchange coupling in [Cr/Gd]5 multilayers
Authors: Jiao Z. W. , Chen H. J. , Jiang W. D. , Wang J. F. , Yu S. J. , Hou Y. L. , Lu B. , Ye Q. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExchange coupling has been investigated in the [Cr/Gd] multilayers deposited at 25, 200, and C, where the Néel temperature () of antiferromagnetic Cr is slightly higher than the Curie temperature () of ferromagnetic Gd. It was found that the exchange coupling existed not only at , but also above the temperature () of antiferromagnetic orderings with incommensurate spin‐density wave structures transiting to paramagnetic state. These results can be discussed in terms of the crucial role played by the antiferromagnetic spins of Cr with commensurate spin‐density wave structures in the vicinity of the Cr/Gd interfaces. Moreover, the exchange coupling of the multilayers grown at different temperatures exhibited different dependencies on the measuring temperature and the cooling field, respectively. Positive exchange bias was observed in the multilayers grown at 200 and C. The interfacial roughness, grain size, and the antiferromagnetic orderings of Cr may be responsible for the anomalous exchange coupling of the multilayers. In addition, the competition between the exchange coupling at Cr/Gd interfaces and the external field‐Cr surface magnetic coupling can explain the appearance of negative or positive exchange bias.
Optical properties of superconducting EuFe2 (As1‐xPx)2
Authors: Neubauer David , Pronin Artem V. , Zapf Sina , Merz Johannes , Jeevan Hirale S. , Jiao Wen‐He , Gegenwart Philipp , Cao Guang‐Han , Dressel Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present a broadband optical‐conductivity study of superconducting single‐crystalline EuFe(AsP) with three different substitutional levels. We analyze the normal‐state electrodynamics by decomposing the conductivity spectra using a Drude–Lorentz model with two Drude terms representing two groups of carriers with different scattering rates. The analysis reveals that the scattering rate of at least one of the Drude components develops linearly with temperature for each doping level. This points toward strong electron–electron correlations and a non‐Fermi‐liquid behavior in the P‐substituted superconducting Eu‐122 pnictides. We also detect a transfer of the spectral weight from mid‐infrared to higher frequencies and assign it to the Hund's‐rule coupling between itinerant and localized carriers. The conductivity spectra below the superconducting transition show no sharp features to be associated with the dirty‐limit superconducting s‐wave gaps. We interpret these results in terms of clean‐limit superconductivity in EuFe(AsP). The best parametrization fit can be achieved using a two‐gap model. We find that the larger gap at the hole pockets of the Fermi surface is likely to be isotropic, while the smaller gap at the electron pockets is anisotropic or even nodal.Schematic phase diagram of EuFe(AsP). The indicated phases are: spin density wave (SDW), superconductivity (SC), magnetic ordering of Eu spins (, brown), and a spin‐glass state of the Eu subsystem (, green). Above the SC dome, a non‐Fermi‐liquid behavior (NFL) points toward a possible quantum critical point (QCP). The black arrows indicate the approximate positions of the compositions investigated in this study.
Exchange bias at low fields exhibited by the interface between epitaxial layers of ferromagnetic and charge‐ordered rare‐earth manganites
Authors: Saha Rana , Vasu K. , Negi D. S. , Datta R. , Sundaresan A. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: June 2016

Epitaxial thin films of ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and charge‐ordered, antiferromagnetic Y0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (YCMO) were deposited on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The heterostructure undergoes tetragonal distortion due to strong biaxial tensile strain imposed by the substrate. The LSMO–YCMO bilayers exhibit significant exchange bias (EB) across the interface even in a very small remnant magnetic field (∼5 Oe) present in the superconductor magnet. The unidirectional exchange anisotropy at the interface can be switched by reversing the polarity of the remnant magnetic field.
magnified imageSignificant asymmetry in the M (H) loop is exhibited by the heterostructure interface under cooling in the presence of small remnant magnetic field (Hr ∼ 5 Oe). (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards retrieving critical relative humidity from ground‐based remote‐sensing observations
Authors: Van Weverberg Kwinten , Boutle Ian A. , Morcrette Cyril J. , Newsom Rob K. 
Published: June 2016

Nearly all large‐scale cloud parametrizations require the specification of the critical relative humidity (RHcrit). This is the grid‐box mean relative humidity at which the subgrid fluctuations in temperature and water vapour are assumed to become so large that part of a subsaturated grid box becomes saturated and cloud starts to form. Until recently, the lack of high‐resolution observations of temperature and moisture variability has hindered achievement of a reasonable estimate of RHcrit. However, the advent of ground‐based Raman lidar now allows the acquisition of long records of temperature and moisture with subminute sample rates.Lidar observations are inherently noisy and any analysis of higher‐order moments will be dependent on the ability to quantify and remove this noise. We present an exploratory study aimed at understanding whether current noise levels of lidar‐retrieved temperature and water vapour are sufficiently low to obtain a reasonable estimate of RHcrit. We show that vertical profiles of RHcrit can be derived with an uncertainty of a few per cent. RHcrit tends to be smallest near the boundary‐layer top and seems to be insensitive to the horizontal grid spacing at the scales investigated here (30–120 km). However, larger sensitivity was found to the vertical grid spacing. RHcrit is observed to decrease by 10% as the vertical grid spacing quadruples.By way of example, the lidar‐retrieved RHcrit profiles were used to evaluate a parametrization that estimates RHcrit from variances diagnosed from the boundary‐layer parametrization. It is shown that this parametrization overestimates RHcrit by up to 10%, but captures the diurnal variability of RHcrit well, with lower values of RHcrit near the boundary‐layer top.While we show that the uncertainties associated with the retrievals are large, lidar observations seem promising to diagnose and evaluate a very important parameter to predict cloud fraction in climate and numerical weather prediction models.
Water exchange rates and mechanisms in tetrahedral [Be(H2O)4]2+ and [Li(H2O)4]+ complexes using DFT methods and cluster‐continuum models
Authors: Regueiro‐Figueroa Martín , Esteban‐Gómez David , Pujales‐Paradela Rosa , Caneda‐Martínez Laura , de Blas Andrés , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe water exchange reactions in aquated Li+ and Be2+ ions were investigated with density functional theory calculations performed using the [Li(H2O)4]+·14H2O and [Be(H2O)4]2+·8H2O systems and a cluster‐continuum approach. A range of commonly used functionals predict water exchange rates several orders of magnitude lower than the experimental ones. This effect is attributed to the overstabilization of coordination number four by these functionals with respect to the five‐coordinated transition states responsible for the associative (A) or associative interchange (Ia) water exchange mechanisms. However, the M06 and M062X functionals provide results in good agreement with the experimental data: M062X/TZVP calculations yield a concerted Ia mechanism for the water exchange in [Be(H2O)4]2+·8H2O that gives an average residence time of water molecules in the first coordination sphere of 260 μs. For [Li(H2O)4]+·14H2O the water exchange reaction is predicted to follow an A mechanism with a residence time of inner‐sphere water molecules of 25 ps.
Reducing Carryover Effects on the Migration and Spawning Success of Sockeye Salmon through a Management Experiment of Dam Flows
Authors: Burnett N. J. , Hinch S. G. , Bett N. N. , Braun D. C. , Casselman M. T. , Cooke S. J. , Gelchu A. , Lingard S. , Middleton C. T. , Minke‐Martin V. , White C. F. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEffective dam management requires an understanding of the ecological impact of a facility and its operations on individual fish and fish populations. Traversing high flows downstream of dams is an energetically challenging activity that could influence survival and spawning success following passage. Carryover effects, however, are an underappreciated consequence of dam passage that have been overlooked by researchers and natural resource managers. We conducted a large‐scale management experiment to determine if the operation of dam attraction flows could be changed to reduce high sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka mortality following passage and increase spawning success. We tested two flow conditions: (i) a baseline condition—currently used by managers—that released high attraction flows directly adjacent to the entrance to a vertical‐slot fishway and (ii) an alternative condition that released attraction flows 10 m away from the fishway entrance to reduce the flows fish swim through while approaching the passage structure. We tagged 637 sockeye salmon with telemetry tags to monitor dam passage, post‐passage survival to spawning grounds and spawning success under the two flow conditions. Validated fish counters at the exit of the fishway and on spawning grounds were used to generate population level estimates of survival to spawning grounds. Individuals exposed to baseline flow conditions spent two times longer recovering from dam passage and exhibited 10% higher mortality following passage than those exposed to alternative flows. Release of alternative flows for 10 days assisted approximately 550 fish (or 3% of total spawners) in reaching spawning grounds. Once on spawning grounds, female spawning success was strongly influenced by individual spawning characteristics (longevity and date of arrival on spawning grounds) and not dam flow condition. Our findings highlight a cost‐effective solution that decreases mortality following passage simply by altering the location of dam flow releases and not reductions in discharge. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“The Pictures Can Say More Things”: Change Across Time in Young Children's References to Images and Words During Text Discussion
Authors: Aukerman Maren , Chambers Schuldt Lorien 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough scholarship in New Literacies increasingly emphasizes multimodal reading, some traditional perspectives on comprehension pedagogy continue to advocate for focusing discussion on linguistic content of texts, concerned that allowing students to discuss illustrations could siphon attention from the words (linguistic content). Largely absent from this debate has been close examination of how young students explicitly reference images versus linguistic content during text discussions where both are accepted as viable information sources, particularly studies considering whether such referencing might change across time. Our study analyzes nine discussion transcripts to examine second graders' explicit references to images and linguistic content during discussions across a school year. We asked three questions: (1) How did students' relative verbal emphasis on images versus linguistic content change? (2) Did the frequency of references to images and linguistic content differ between more and less proficient decoders? and (3) How did the teacher's language change across time, and were any changes related to changes observed in students? We found that students mostly referenced images early in the year. Across time, students shifted toward greater referencing of linguistic content, but less proficient decoders referenced linguistic content less frequently than more proficient decoders. These findings support an expanded conception of emergent literacy and of early literacy pedagogy that encompasses textual oracy practices—specifically, young students' talk with one another about multimodal dimensions of text.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Alters the Immune Properties of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Serena Carolina , Keiran Noelia , Ceperuelo-Mallafre Victoria , Ejarque Miriam , Fradera Rosa , Roche Kelly , Nuñez-Roa Catalina , Vendrell Joan , Fernández-Veledo Sonia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are proposed as an alternative stem cell source to bone marrow-derived cells for immune cell therapy. However, microenvironmental factors may impact the functionality of this population in human adipose tissue (AT). We hypothesized that the fat depot in addition to the donor phenotype controls the immunomodulatory capacity of ASCs. Focusing on obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as metabolic disorders that might affect the immune response of ASCs, we compared the inflammatory response of ASCs from subcutaneous and visceral AT of age-matched donors (lean n = 4, body mass index [BMI] 21.98 ± 1.9; obese n = 4 BMI 33.1 ± 2.1 and T2D n = 4 BMI 35.3 ± 1.5). Obese and particularly T2D-derived ASCs showed increased expression of inflammatory markers, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and higher migration, invasion and phagocytosis capacities than those derived from lean donors. Remarkably, ASCs derived from obese and T2D subjects exhibited a reduction in typical immunosuppressive activities attributed to stem cells. Accordingly, obese and T2D-ASCs were less effective in suppressing lymphocyte proliferation, activating the M2 macrophage phenotype, and in increasing TGF-β1 secretion, than lean-derived ASCs. Treatment of lean hASCs with interleukin (IL)-1β mimicked the dysfunctional immune behavior of obese and T2D hASCs. Conversely, combined treatment with IL1RA and TGF-β1 reverted the phenotype of obese- and T2D-ASCs. These data indicate that the donor metabolic phenotype compromises the immunomodulatory properties of ASCs. These results are relevant not only for understanding the physiology of ASCs in terms of cell-based therapies but also for their role as key regulators of the immune response.
Video Highlight: https://youtu.be/ceWOIIZd7Jo