bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone related to breed on MRI of 200 cats
Authors: Huizing Xander , Sparkes Andy , Dennis Ruth 
Published: November 2016

Objectives The MRI features of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone have not previously been described in the literature. The aims of this study were three-fold. Firstly, to document variations in cerebellar shape on MRI in neurologically normal cats to support our hypothesis that crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa or herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum occurs frequently as an anatomical variant. Secondly, to document variations in the morphology of the occipital bone. Thirdly, to see whether these variations in shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone could be associated with head conformation, such as brachycephaly. Methods The imaging records of the small animal clinic at the Animal Health Trust between 2000 and 2013 were searched retrospectively to identify adult cats that had undergone high-field (1.5 T) MRI investigation which included the brain. Exclusion criteria included evidence of intracranial disease or the presence of cervical syringomyelia. Midline sagittal T2-weighted and transverse images were used to assess the occipital bone morphology and cerebellar shape, and to measure the width to length ratio of the cranial cavity. Results Fourteen different breeds were represented. A cerebellar shape consistent with crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa, or herniation through the foramen magnum was present in 40% of the entire population. Persians (recognised as a brachycephalic breed) had a higher proportion of cerebellar crowding or herniation than all other breeds. There was no significant difference in the distribution of occipital bone morphology between these breed groups. Conclusions and relevance It is important to recognise morphological variations of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone in order to avoid false-positive diagnoses of raised intracranial pressure and pathological herniation on MRI.
Quantification of cerebral lateral ventricular volume in cats by low- and high-field MRI
Authors: Przyborowska Paulina , Adamiak Zbigniew , Zhalniarovich Yauheni 
Published: November 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate variations in lateral ventricles in the examined feline population with the use of quantitative analysis methods to determine whether sex or body weight influenced the size of the ventricles, and to identify any significant differences in the results of low- and high-field MRI. Methods Twenty healthy European Shorthair cats, aged 1–3 years, with body weights ranging from 2.85–4.35 kg, were studied. MRI of brain structures was performed in a low- and a high-field MRI system. The height of the brain and lateral ventricles at the level of the interthalamic adhesion, and volume of the lateral ventricles were determined in T2-weighted images in the transverse plane. The degree of symmetry of lateral ventricles was analysed based on the ratio of right to left ventricular volume. The measured parameters were processed statistically to determine whether sex and body weight were significantly correlated with variations in ventricular anatomy. The results of low- and high-field MRI were analysed to evaluate for any significant differences. Results The average brain height was determined to be 27.79 mm, and the average height of the left and right ventricles were 2.98 mm and 2.89 mm, respectively. The average ventricle/brain height ratio was 10.61%. The average volume of the left ventricle was 134.12 mm3 and the right ventricle was 130.49 mm3. Moderately enlarged ventricles were observed in two cats. Moderate ventricular asymmetry was described in four cats. Sex and body weight had no significant effect on the evaluated parameters. The differences in the results of low- and high-field MRI were not statistically significant. Conclusions and relevance This study has determined reference intervals for ventricular volume in a population of European Shorthair cats without brain disease, which will facilitate the interpretation of MRI images and the characterisation of brain abnormalities in cats with neurological disease. Further research involving larger animal populations, including other breeds, is required to compare the measured parameters between breeds and to determine reference values for other breeds.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Fernández-Ruiz V. E. , Armero-Barranco D. , Xandri-Graupera J. M. , Paniagua-Urbano J. A. , Solé-Agustí M. , Mulero J. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard for gastric bypass, displaying better results for metabolic disorders than other surgical procedures over the long term. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of bariatric surgery, in particular the RYGB technique, on metabolic syndrome (MS) and other biochemical parameters implicit in the comorbid conditions associated with obesity, as well as to explore the influence of this surgical procedure on psychiatric comorbidity in the study population. Method: An observational retrospective cohort study based on 146 clinical records of patients having undergone RYGB between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2014, was performed. Data related to metabolic and psychiatric comorbidity were gathered at three stages: prior to surgery and at 3 and 9 months following surgery. Results: There was a progressive and statistically significant reduction of all biochemical parameters analyzed at 3 and 9 months following surgery except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which significantly increased (beneficial) in value. These changes imply a remission of >90% for all metabolic disorders and the consequent tendency toward a reduction in prescribed pharmacological treatments, with MS found in only one subject at 9 months. There was, however, no significant reduction in pharmacological treatments for psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusion: Findings suggest that RYGB is an effective treatment for MS and other metabolic disorders but not for psychiatric comorbidities accompanying MS.
Using geographic variation in unplanned ambulatory care sensitive condition admission rates to identify commissioning priorities: an analysis of routine data from England
Authors: Busby John , Purdy Sarah , Hollingworth William 
Published: November 2016

Objectives To use geographic variation in unplanned ambulatory care sensitive condition admission rates to identify the clinical areas and patient subgroups where there is greatest potential to prevent admissions and improve the quality and efficiency of care. Methods We used English Hospital Episode Statistics data from 2011/2012 to describe the characteristics of patients admitted for ambulatory care sensitive condition care and estimated geographic variation in unplanned admission rates. We contrasted geographic variation across admissions with different lengths of stay which we used as a proxy for clinical severity. We estimated the number of bed days that could be saved under several scenarios. Results There were 1.8 million ambulatory care sensitive condition admissions during 2011/2012. Substantial geographic variation in ambulatory care sensitive condition admission rates was commonplace but mental health care and short-stay (<2 days) admissions were particularly variable. Reducing rates in the highest use areas could lead to savings of between 0.4 and 2.8 million bed days annually. Conclusions Widespread geographic variations in admission rates for conditions where admission is potentially avoidable should concern commissioners and could be symptomatic of inefficient care. Further work to explore the causes of these differences is required and should focus on mental health and short-stay admissions.
Controlled stem cell amplification by HOXB4 depends on its unique proline-rich region near the N terminus
Authors: Cusan Monica , Vegi Naidu M. , Mulaw Medhanie A. , Bamezai Shiva , Kaiser Lisa M. , Deshpande Aniruddha J. , Greif Philipp A. , Quintanilla-Fend Leticia , Göllner Stefanie , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Humphries Keith R. , Armstrong Scott A. , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Feuring-Buske Michaela , Buske Christian 
Published: November 2016

Key PointsThe conserved proline-rich region is essential for HOXB4 to amplify long-term hematopoietic stem cells without loss of homeostasis. Loss of this region increases leukemogenicity of HOXB4, altering its DNA-binding properties.
Distinct signaling programs control human hematopoietic stem cell survival and proliferation
Authors: Knapp David J. H. F. , Hammond Colin A. , Aghaeepour Nima , Miller Paul H. , Pellacani Davide , Beer Philip A. , Sachs Karen , Qiao Wenlian , Wang WeiJia , Humphries R. Keith , Sauvageau Guy , Zandstra Peter W. , Bendall Sean C. , Nolan Garry P. , Hansen Carl , Eaves Connie J. 
Published: November 2016

Key PointsHuman HSCs show higher tonic signaling activity in multiple pathways than MPPs. Growth factor–activated AKT and β-catenin in human HSCs regulate their survival and mitogenesis.
LSCplus: a fast solution for improving long read accuracy by short read alignment
Authors: Hu Ruifeng , Sun Guibo , Sun Xiaobo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
The single molecule, real time (SMRT) sequencing technology of Pacific Biosciences enables the acquisition of transcripts from end to end due to its ability to produce extraordinarily long reads (>10 kb). This new method of transcriptome sequencing has been applied to several projects on humans and model organisms. However, the raw data from SMRT sequencing are of relatively low quality, with a random error rate of approximately 15 %, for which error correction using next-generation sequencing (NGS) short reads is typically necessary. Few tools have been designed that apply a hybrid sequencing approach that combines NGS and SMRT data, and the most popular existing tool for error correction, LSC, has computing resource requirements that are too intensive for most laboratory and research groups. These shortcomings severely limit the application of SMRT long reads for transcriptome analysis.

Results
Here, we report an improved tool (LSCplus) for error correction with the LSC program as a reference. LSCplus overcomes the disadvantage of LSC’s time consumption and improves quality. Only 1/3–1/4 of the time and 1/20–1/25 of the error correction time is required using LSCplus compared with that required for using LSC.

Conclusions
LSCplus is freely available at http://www.herbbol.org:8001/lscplus/. Sample calculations are provided illustrating the precision and efficiency of this method regarding error correction and isoform detection.
Walk for life ‐ the National Clubfoot Project of Bangladesh: the four‐year outcomes of 150 congenital clubfoot cases following Ponseti method
Authors: Evans Angela Margaret , Chowdhury Mohommad Mamun Hossen , Kabir Mohommad Humayun , Rahman Md Fashiur 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundCongenital clubfoot deformity can cause significant disability, and if left untreated, may further impoverish those in developing countries, like Bangladesh. The Ponseti method has been strategically introduced in Bangladesh by a non‐government organisation, Walk For Life (WFL). WFL has provided free treatment for over 17,500 Bangladeshi children with clubfeet since 2009, sustained by local ownership, and international support. This study assesses the 4‐year results in children for whom treatment began before the age of 3 years.MethodsA centrally located WFL clinic at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), representative of the larger WFL clinics, which treats >100 cases annually, was reviewed. In 2015, 99 of the 147 eligible subjects who had begun treatment in 2011 were available for follow up. Specific assessment tools enabled evaluation of parent satisfaction, gait function, and relapse cases.ResultsResults for 99/147 cases were returned after four years: 72 males, 27 females. Typical clubfeet comprised 98/99 of cases, and 55/99 were bilateral. The tenotomy rate was 80 %. Brace use after 3 months was 90 %, at 12 months was 65 %, and at 4 years post treatment was 40 %. Functionally, 98/99 of children could walk and run (99 %). Relapsing deformity was found in 13 %. Relapse severity varied: eight were flexible and partial, five were rigid. Half of the children lost to follow were due to changed phone numbers. While parents were very happy with their child's feet (97 %), a materials cost of 3000 Taka ($US40) was deemed unaffordable by 60 %.ConclusionsThe 4‐year outcomes after Ponseti treatment for clubfoot deformity, showed that 99 % of children available for follow up, were walking independently. The relapse rate was low. Parent satisfaction was high, but those whose children required further treatment were less satisfied.
Adult human pancreas-derived cells expressing stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 differentiate into Sox9-expressing and Ngn3-expressing pancreatic ducts in vivo
Authors: Lee Song , Lee Chan Mi , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundTissue-specific stem/progenitor cells are found in various adult tissues and may have the capacity for lineage-specific differentiation, facilitating applications in autologous transplantation. Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4), an early embryonic glycolipid antigen, is expressed in cells derived from adult human pancreas exocrine tissue. Here, we examined the characteristics and lineage-specific differentiation capacity of SSEA-4+cells.MethodsHuman adult partial pancreas tissues were obtained from different donors and cultured in vitro. SSEA-4+and CA19-9+cells were isolated from adult human pancreas exocrine cells using magnetic-activated cell sorting, and gene expression was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To confirm in-vivo differentiation, SSEA-4+and CA19-9+cells were transplanted into the dorsal subcutaneous region of mice. Finally, morphological features of differentiated areas were confirmed by immunostaining and morphometric analysis.ResultsSSEA-4-expressing cells were detected in isolated pancreas exocrine cells from adult humans. These SSEA-4+cells exhibited coexpression of CA19-9, a marker of pancreatic duct cells, but not amylase expression, as shown by immunostaining and flow cytometry. SSEA-4+cells exhibited higher relative expression ofOct4,Nanog,Klf4,Sox2, andc-MycmRNAs than CA19-9+cells. Pancreatic intralobular ducts (PIDs) were generated from SSEA-4+or CA19-9+cells in vivo at 5 weeks after transplantation. However, newly formed PIDs from CA19-9+cells were less abundant and showed an incomplete PID morphology. In contrast, newly formed PIDs from SSEA-4+cells were abundant in the transplanted area and showed a crowded morphology, typical of PIDs. Sox9 and Ngn3, key transcription factors associated with pancreatic development and regeneration, were expressed in PIDs from SSEA-4+cells.ConclusionsSSEA-4-expressing cells in the adult human pancreas may have the potential for regeneration of the pancreas and may be used as a source of stem/progenitor cells for pancreatic cell lineage-specific differentiation.
Seismic analysis of paleotopography and stratigraphic controls on total organic carbon: Rich sweet spot distribution in the Woodford Shale, Oklahoma, USA
Authors: Infante-Paez Lennon , Cardona Luis-Felipe , McCullough Brenton , Slatt Roger 
Published: November 2016

The Devonian Woodford Shale is a prolific unconventional resource shale for oil and gas. Like many such shales, the Woodford sits atop an unconformity on the surface of underlying carbonate rocks (mainly the Hunton Group in this case). There is variable topographic relief on the unconformity surface due to incised valleys, cave collapse, and/or karst formation during periods of subaerial exposure resulting from eustatic sea-level fluctuations. Anomalously high thicknesses of the Woodford, with relatively high total organic carbon (TOC), can form within topographic depressions on the unconformity surface, giving rise to potential “sweet spots” as drilling targets. It is likely that the topographic relief that formed during subaerial exposure created areas of restricted marine circulation (or possibly hypersaline lakes) during an early fall in the sea level, and thus, localized anoxic depositional environments conducive to preservation of organic matter (TOC). Seismic analysis, calibrated with well logs and cuttings, of two areas on the Cherokee Platform in Oklahoma were completed to test the discontinuous and isolated distribution, vertically and horizontally, of the TOC. In one area, the TOC ranged up to 10 wt.% and in the other area, up to 13 wt.%. Seismic inversion and attribute analysis demonstrated the patchy distribution of the TOC vertically and laterally in both areas. These patchy, discontinuous distribution spotlights areas where TOC was preserved (in the minibasins), and point to potential sweet-spot locations. The delineation of organic-rich sweet spots was accomplished by integrating geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data in probabilistic neural networks obtaining seismic impedance-derived TOC that was mapped across different locations in the Cherokee Platform.
Safety and Efficacy of Volatile Anesthetic Agents Compared With Standard Intravenous Midazolam/Propofol Sedation in Ventilated Critical Care Patients: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Prospective Trials
Authors: Jerath Angela , Panckhurst Jonathan , Parotto Matteo , Lightfoot Nicholas , Wasowicz Marcin , Ferguson Niall D. , Steel Andrew , Beattie W. Scott 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
Inhalation agents are being used in place of intravenous agents to provide sedation in some intensive care units. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials, which compared the use of volatile agents versus intravenous midazolam or propofol in critical care units.

METHODS:
A search was conducted using MEDLINE (1946–2015), EMBASE (1947–2015), Web of Science index (1900–2015), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing inhaled volatile (desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane) sedation to intravenous midazolam or propofol. Primary outcome assessed the effect of volatile-based sedation on extubation times (time between discontinuing sedation and tracheal extubation). Secondary outcomes included time to obey verbal commands, proportion of time spent in target sedation, nausea and vomiting, mortality, length of intensive care unit, and length of hospital stay. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
2 statistic. Outcomes were assessed using a random or fixed-effects model depending on heterogeneity.

RESULTS:
Eight trials with 523 patients comparing all volatile agents with intravenous midazolam or propofol showed a reduction in extubation times using volatile agents (difference in means, −52.7 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], −75.1 to −30.3; P < .00001). Reductions in extubation time were greater when comparing volatiles with midazolam (difference in means, −292.2 minutes; 95% CI, −384.4 to −200.1; P < .00001) than propofol (difference in means, −29.1 minutes; 95% CI, −46.7 to −11.4; P = .001). There was no significant difference in time to obey verbal commands, proportion of time spent in target sedation, adverse events, death, or length of hospital stay.

CONCLUSIONS:
Volatile-based sedation demonstrates a reduction in time to extubation, with no increase in short-term adverse outcomes. Marked study heterogeneity was present, and the results show marked positive publication bias. However, a reduction in extubation time was still evident after statistical correction of publication bias. Larger clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the role of these agents as sedatives for critically ill patients.
CERTIFICATION AND CLUSTERING OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS AS THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM (ON MATERIALS OF STAVROPOL KRAI)
Authors: Варивода Валентина , Varivoda Valentina 
Published: November 2016

To classify the territory of a particular cluster a clear delineation of its defining characteristics is required. The methodology of the study includes the development of a passport model of the tourist destination for the certification process, which, in turn, will form the basis of the cluster approach and the division of the territory to the relevant cluster regionalization zones.
The proposed algorithm of clustering of tourist zones based on certification of tourist destinations is the research result. It will allow to form the modern efficient competitive tourist market, providing opportunities to meet the needs of Russian and foreign citizens in tourism services, and will help to increase employment and income levels of a corresponding tourist destination.
The tourism market, which provides opportunities to meet the demand of Russian and foreign citizens for tourism services, is the field of research results application. The proposed by the author mechanism of certification will create a modern effective competitive market of tourist services, and will enhance the employment and income levels of certain tourist destination.
This study is limited by the territory of Stavropol region, but the results can be applied to other regions of the Russian Federation.
Aphasia therapy: A case study
Authors: Wotton Geraldine 
Published: November 2016

Working with people with dysphasia as a speech and language therapist is extraordinarily challenging and yet extremely rewarding. Many of us in independent practice offer impairment-based therapy, working in some instances with clients for many years. Consequently, we often observe the considerable changes this work can bring about; not just in the client's communication per se, but also in the significant recovery of some individuals' speech and language. However, these practices and their successes are rarely reflected within the literature. * More concerning, however, are the research findings that indicate there is little difference in outcomes, where ‘the work’ has been conducted by volunteers as opposed to fully qualified speech and language therapists. Those of us who work clinically categorically refute that claim, but what we would agree on is that aphasia is a highly complex disorder and each client presents quite uniquely, which calls for a patient-specific treatment plan. Unfortunately, the often perceived ‘schism’ between some within the research arena and the clinical communities—especially those of us in independent practice—only compounds the difficulty we face clinically, articulating the changes we see and understanding why they are happening. The following article is a presentation of a case worked on from 2001 to 2016. After which I will highlight several aspects of the work that need to be considered when evaluating the efficacy of work undertaken in this field.