bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender perceptions of generative AI in higher education
Authors: Al-Samarraie Hosam , Sarsam Samer Muthana , Ibrahim Alzahrani Ahmed , Chatterjee Arunangsu , Swinnerton Bronwen J. 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study explored the themes and sentiments of online learners regarding the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) or “generative AI” technology in higher education.Design/methodology/approachEnglish-language tweets were subjected to topic modelling and sentiment analysis. Three prevalent themes were identified and discussed: curriculum development opportunities, lifelong learning prospects and challenges associated with generative AI use.FindingsThe results also indicated a range of topics and emotions towards generative AI in education, which were predominantly positive but also varied across male and female users.Originality/valueThe findings provide insights for educators, policymakers and researchers on the opportunities and challenges associated with the integration of generative AI in educational settings. This includes the importance of identifying AI-supported learning and teaching practices that align with gender-specific preferences to offer a more inclusive and tailored approach to learning.
Hedge fund activism and corporate litigation: an analysis of securities and non-securities lawsuits
Authors: Lim Yuree 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study examines how corporate litigation, both securities-related and not, is affected by hedge fund (HF) activism.Design/methodology/approachWe use a difference-in-differences (DiD) method, along with propensity score matching and firm fixed effects and a comparison of HF and non-HF activists for identification.FindingsWe find that companies that are targeted by HFs face operation-related lawsuits, mainly from stakeholders or competitors. This effect does not seem to be caused by targets' higher tendency to settle the cases. Our evidence shows that HF activists increase firm value for the target firms that are prone to litigation.Originality/valueTherefore, our evidence supports the idea that the higher operation litigation risks are unintended consequences of improving firm efficiency through cost savings or restructuring of target firms by the activists.
Hospitalisations for non‐specific low back pain in people presenting to South Australian public hospital emergency departments
Authors: Orlando Joseph F , Burke Anne LJ , Beard Matthew , Guerin Michelle , Kumar Saravana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study sought to investigate predictors of hospitalisation in adults diagnosed with non‐specific low back pain (LBP) and/or sciatica from an ED.MethodsA 5‐year, multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted across six public hospitals (metropolitan and regional) using data from electronic medical records. Patient presentations were identified using LBP diagnostic codes and key data extracted (patient demographics, clinical activity, discharge destination). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to measure associations between identified variables and hospitalisation.ResultsThere were 11 709 ED presentations across the study period. People aged ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.61–3.10) and those who arrived at the ED via ambulance (age‐adjusted OR 2.68, 95% CI 2.44–2.95) were more likely to be hospitalised. People were also more likely to be hospitalised when triaged as more urgent, when blood tests or advanced spinal imaging were ordered, and when i.v./subcutaneous opioids or oral benzodiazepines were administered. Hospitalisation rates for LBP were lower in regional hospitals, in people residing in lower socioeconomic areas and in Indigenous Australians.ConclusionCertain patient characteristics and ED clinical activity are associated with hospitalisations for LBP. Understanding these factors will better inform the design and delivery of appropriate high‐quality care.
Evolution and modeling of texture changes and drying kinetics of bamboo shoots under high‐humidity air‐impingement blanching
Authors: Dai Jian‐Wu , Huang Jie , Zhou Hou‐Bin , Zhang Qing , Xu Li‐Jia , Liu Shu‐Xiang , Liu Yao‐Wen , Yin Peng‐Fei , Li Ying‐Lu , Qin Wen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of hot water blanching (HWB), high‐humidity air‐impingement blanching (HHAIB), different HHAIB blanching times (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min), and different HHAIB blanching temperatures (80, 85, 90, and 95°C) on texture quality, lignin content, weight loss, color, microstructure, and drying kinetics of bamboo shoots. After HWB treatment, the lignin content of bamboo shoots was apparently lower than that of HHAIB and the samples obtained the highest weight loss value of 6.13%. Both the texture values (brittleness and chewiness) and lignin content of bamboo shoots exhibited an overall downward trend as the HHAIB blanching time and blanching temperature increased. Specifically, the lignin content of bamboo shoots decreased from 5.59% to 4.58% with an increase in HHAIB blanching time from 2 to 10 min and dropped from 5.48% to 4.63% as HHAIB blanching temperature increased from 80 to 85°C, respectively. The lignin content was proved to be positively correlated (p < 0.05) with texture attributes (brittleness and chewiness). A second polynomial model was obtained for fitting the variation kinetics of lignin content during thermal processing. Reducing the HHAIB blanching time and blanching temperature would obtain a lower weight loss and a better color performance (ΔE and L*). Additionally, microstructure observation revealed that the distribution density of microchannels initially increased and then decreased with the extension of blanching time, while it continuously became firmer as HHAIB blanching temperature increased. Overall, the optimal processing parameters were achieved under the HHAIB blanching temperature of 85°C for 6 min, ensuring a high‐quality performance of bamboo shoot products.
Molecular and physiological mechanisms of aging are distinct in the cardiac right and left ventricles
Authors: McNair Benjamin D. , Yusifov Aykhan , Thornburg Joshua P. , Hoopes Caleb R. , Satyanarayana Sushumna B. , Roy Tathagato , Gigley Jason P. , Bruns Danielle R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAging is the primary risk factor for heart disease, the leading global cause of death. Right ventricular (RV) function predicts survival in several age‐related clinical contexts, yet no therapies directly improve RV function, in large part due to a poor mechanistic understanding of RV aging and how it is distinct from the widely studied left ventricle (LV). To address this gap, we comprehensively quantified RV functional and morphological remodeling with age. We further aimed to identify molecular mechanisms of RV aging thus we performed RNAseq on RV and LV from male and female young (4 months) and aged (19–21 months) C57BL6 mice. Contrary to the concentric hypertrophic remodeling and diastolic dysfunction that occurs in the LV, the aging RV underwent eccentric remodeling with significant dilation and impaired systolic function. Transcriptomic data were also consistent with ventricle‐specific aging, with few genes (13%) similarly shared between ventricles with aging. KEGG analysis identified shared aging genes in inflammatory and immune cell pathways that were confirmed by flow cytometry that demonstrated higher percent of GR1+ myeloid cells in both ventricles. Unique RV aging genes enriched in the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids, PPAR signaling, and butanoate metabolism, and we identified putative novel RV‐specific aging genes. Together, we suggest that the RV and LV are unique cardiac chambers that undergo distinct remodeling with age. These robust differences may explain why therapies designed from LV‐based studies fail to improve RV function and suggest that future efforts emphasizing ventricular differences may elucidate new therapies for healthy cardiac aging.
Identification of oxidative stress biomarkers in apical periodontitis: A scoping review with bibliometric analysis
Authors: Macedo Signorelli Nara Sarmento , Rende Sávio Gabriel Silva , Iorio Eugenio Luigi , Ferraz Danilo Cassiano , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) is a ubiquitous process for protecting against microorganisms' challenges. This review maps the most used methods for obtaining samples and analysing reactive oxygen species levels in apical periodontitis, following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews and is registered in Open Science Framework ([https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D5U76]). A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SciElo, OATD and DANS up to 17 July 2023. A total of 18 studies were included, with periapical tissue being the most common sample. Twenty‐eight different oxidative stress markers were identified, with inducible nitric oxide synthase being the most prevalent. The use of diverse biomarkers for oxidative stress assessment lacks specificity in identifying particular OS species for evaluating apical periodontitis and potential systemic effects. Studies are necessary to compare results obtained from less invasive methods (such as saliva and crevicular fluid) with those from periapical lesion samples.
Manifested U‐Waves Prior to Seizure Attacks in a Patient Who Had Remote Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Kaneko Nao , Watanabe Masao , Mori Shusuke , Turker Isik , Okamoto Ken , Urabe Takao , Ai Tomohiko 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) refers to unpredictable demise of a person following a seizure. Electroencephalograms can directly measure electrical activity in the brain; however, it cannot predict when seizures will occur. The use of electrocardiograms (ECGs) to monitor changes in brain electrical activity has gained attention, recently. In this case report, we retrospectively reviewed ECGs taken before and after seizure activity in a 75‐year‐old male who had a remote subarachnoid hemorrhage. Interestingly, U‐waves appeared prior to his seizures and disappeared afterward, which suggests ECGs can be used to predict epilepsy in a certain population.
On the connectedness of stock returns and exchange rates in emerging and frontier markets in Africa
Authors: Atipaga Umar‐Farouk , Alagidede Imhotep , Tweneboah George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effect of currency volatility on investments in Africa continues to dominate the headlines, especially in the recent period of global crisis and heightened geopolitical tensions. This paper tackles the dynamic relationship between stock returns and exchange rates in nine emerging and frontier African markets. The study departs from the usual VAR and GARCH models and employs a tool that accounts for time–frequency co‐movements and lead/lag relationships between exchange rates and stock returns in Africa. The bivariate wavelet technique applied to daily data from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2022 established a profound negative co‐movement between stock returns and exchange rates, especially in the medium to long‐term frequencies. With exchange rates dominantly playing a leading role, it presents a case for policy consideration toward currency stability. We employed the partial wavelet approach to determine how stock returns and exchange rates related during the peak period of the COVID‐19 pandemic and found negative co‐movements within the short‐term frequency, revealing that investors preferred the short‐term horizon in times of crisis. However, when the covariate (COVID‐19) was controlled or suppressed, we discovered the health pandemic failed to drive both stock returns and exchange rates.
Balancing act: Examining the trade‐offs between regional convergence and economic growth in China's province managing county reform
Authors: Yousaf Tahir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study examines the relationship between regional convergence, economic growth and government hierarchies, with a specific focus on the province managing county (PMC) reform policy in China. The motivation for this research stems from the observation that a substantial portion of the increased inequality in China is attributable to disparities at the county level. This underscores the necessity for policies that address regional inequalities at the county level while simultaneously promoting sustained economic growth. We employ a time‐varying quasi‐natural experiment to explore how this reform has influenced regional convergence and economic growth within the sample period. The outcomes reveal that the PMC reform had a detrimental impact on regional convergence, hindering it by an average of 2.6%, while economic growth received a modest increase of 0.36%. The study also reveals notable heterogeneity in the effects of the reform, contracted disparities in western region, alongside exhibiting widened disparities and higher growth in eastern & central region. The study also investigates the underlying mechanisms, finding that expenditures on basic provisions reduced, while county revenue and investment expenditures increased following the policy change. It proposes that the increased investment in capital expenditures stimulated economic growth but came at the cost of hindering regional convergence.
Exploring the synergy of enhanced weathering and Bacillus subtilis: A promising strategy for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Niron Harun , Vienne Arthur , Frings Patrick , Poetra Reinaldy , Vicca Sara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change is one of the most urgent environmental challenges that humanity faces. In addition to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, safe and robust carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies that capture atmospheric CO2 and ensure long‐term sequestration are required. Among CDR technologies, enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) has been suggested as a promising option. While ESW has been demonstrated to depend strongly on pH, water, and temperature, recent studies suggest that biota may accelerate mineral weathering rates. Bacillus subtilis is a plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium that can facilitate weathering to obtain mineral nutrients. It is a promising agricultural biofertilizer, as it helps plants acquire nutrients and protects them from environmental stresses. Given that croplands are optimal implementation fields for ESW, any synergy between ESW and B. subtilis can hold great potential for further practice. B. subtilis was reported to enhance weathering under laboratory conditions, but there is a lack of data for soil applications. In a soil‐mesocosm experiment, we examined the effect of B. subtilis on basalt weathering. B. subtilis–basalt interaction stimulated basalt weathering and increased soil extractable Fe. The combined application displayed higher CDR potential compared to basalt‐only application (3.7 vs. 2.3 tons CO2 ha−1) taking solid and liquid cation pools into account. However, the cumulative CO2 efflux decreased by approximately 2 tons CO2 ha−1 with basalt‐only treatment, while the combined application did not affect the CO2 efflux. We found limited mobilization of cations to the liquid phase as most were retained in the soil. Additionally, we found substantial mobilization of basalt‐originated Mg, Fe, and Al to oxide‐ and organic‐bound soil fractions. We, therefore, conclude that basalt addition showed relatively low inorganic CDR potential but a high capacity for SOM stabilization. The outcomes indicated the importance of weathering rate–GHG emission integration and the high potential of SOM stabilization in ESW studies.
Real‐world effectiveness of eptacog beta in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors: A multi‐institutional case series
Authors: Youkhana Kimberley , Batsuli Glaivy , Acharya Suchitra , Khan Osman , Tran Duc Q. , Dvorak Andrea , Recht Michael , Young Guy , Sidonio Robert , Abajas Yasmina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe management of bleeding events (BEs) in haemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) patients with inhibitors necessitates the use of bypassing agents. The recombinant factor VIIa bypassing agent eptacog beta has demonstrated efficacy at treating BEs and managing perioperative bleeding in adults in phase three clinical studies.AimTo provide real‐world descriptions of eptacog beta use for BE treatment in patients on emicizumab or eptacog beta prophylaxis.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series of 14 patients who received eptacog beta at seven haemophilia treatment centres, with HA (n = 11) or HB (n = 3) and inhibitors or anaphylaxis to factor replacement.ResultsTwenty‐four spontaneous and traumatic BEs are described (muscle hematomas, joint hemarthroses, port site, and epistaxis) involving 11 subjects. Eptacog beta was effective for acute bleed treatment as both first‐line therapy and for treatment of BEs refractory to eptacog alfa in 23/24 events. When eptacog beta was used for prophylaxis, 2/3 patients reported a decreased frequency of breakthrough BEs compared with prophylactic eptacog alfa and one patient experienced a similar frequency of breakthrough BEs compared with prophylactic activated prothrombin complex concentrate. Eptacog beta provided effective bleed control for three subjects who underwent minor surgical procedures. Treatment with eptacog beta was estimated to be 46%–72% more cost‐effective than eptacog alfa. No safety concerns or adverse events were reported.ConclusionsIn this case series, eptacog beta was safe, effective, and economical as first‐line therapy, treatment of refractory BEs, management of perioperative bleeding, or prophylaxis in haemophilia patients with inhibitors.
Microalgae‐based sunscreens as green and sustainable cosmetic products
Authors: Najafi Asal , Heidary Mobina , Martinez Renata Miliani , Baby André Rolim , Morowvat Mohammad Hossein 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently, microalgal biotechnology has attained great acceptance among various researchers and industries for the green and sustainable production of different bioactive compounds. They provide multiple metabolites and molecules, making them an ideal candidate for cosmetic formulators and cosmeceutical companies. Nevertheless, numerous microalgae strains have never been studied for their pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmeceutical purposes. Even less, only some have been cultivated on a large scale for bioactive compound production. Here, we have studied the cosmetic and cosmeceutical potentials of different microalgal strains for sunscreen as adjuvants and boosters in a green, carbon‐neutral and sustainable platform. Other bioactive compounds were exploited, and the available products in the market and the published patents were also reviewed. From our review, it will be possible to combine the fundamental and practical aspects of microalgal biotechnology toward a greener and more sustainable future for the cosmetic/cosmeceutical areas of the photoprotection scenario.
Lightning damage characteristics of Cf/SiC based on ultrasonic and multi‐nondestructive testing methods
Authors: Gao Xiaojin , Liang Chengyu , Fu Liang , Chen Jiasheng , Mei Hui , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccording to the characteristics of the internal damage of the Cf/SiC composite material after the lightning strike, this article establishes a high‐energy ultrasonic excitation, reception, and high‐resolution ultrasonic testing model, achieving high‐energy and high‐resolution ultrasound C‐scan detection of Cf/SiC composite material samples after lightning strikes, and combining digital X‐ray and computed tomography methods for damage analysis. When the lightning energy is gradually increased, the lightning stratified damage will occur inside the sample, and the delamination damage area reaches the maximum value of 25182 mm2 at the lightning energy of S4. Subsequently, as the energy increases, significant needle‐like damage is generated at the needle‐stitched area inside the sample, and the area of delamination damage gradually decreases. When the energy continues to increase to the lightning strike energy of S6, as the energy increases, the number of needle‐like damage in the sample continues to grow, and penetrating injury appears at the needle suture site. At S8, the maximum number of needle‐like lightning damage occurred, with 53 damage points and a total volume of 256.86 mm3, respectively. Through comprehensive analysis, Cf/SiC has excellent resistance to lightning damage, but the needle‐stitched carbon fiber in the thickness direction significantly reduces its resistance to lightning penetration.
Rethinking the pathogenesis of endometriosis: Complex interactions of genomic, epigenetic, and environmental factors
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo , Yoshimoto Chiharu , Matsubara Sho , Shigetomi Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimEndometriosis is a complex, multifactorial disease. Recent advances in molecular biology underscore that somatic mutations within the epithelial component of the normal endometrium, alongside aberrant epigenetic alterations within endometrial stromal cells, may serve as stimulators for the proliferation of endometriotic tissue within the peritoneal cavity. Nevertheless, pivotal inquiries persist: the deterministic factors driving endometriosis development in certain women while sparing others, notwithstanding comparable experiences of retrograde menstruation. Within this review, we endeavor to synopsize the current understanding of diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of endometriosis and delineate avenues for future research.MethodsA literature search without time restriction was conducted utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar.ResultsGiven that aberrant clonal expansion stemming from cancer‐associated mutations is common in normal endometrial tissue, only endometrial cells harboring mutations imparting proliferative advantages may be selected for survival outside the uterus. Endometriotic cells capable of engendering metabolic plasticity and modulating mitochondrial dynamics, thereby orchestrating responses to hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation, hormonal stimuli, and immune surveillance, and adeptly acclimating to their harsh surroundings, stand a chance at viability.ConclusionThe genesis of endometriosis appears to reflect the evolutionary principles of mutation, selection, clonal expansion, and adaptation to the environment.
Seed Treatment With Fungicides and Biocontrol Agents for Fusarium Wilt Management and Improvement of Seed Quality in Lentil
Authors: Jadhav Sunil , Kumar Atul , Akthar Jameel , Patted Praveen , Mishra Gyna P. , Aski Muralidhar , Tomar Sakshi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLentil (Lens culinaris) is an important pulse crop in India. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol), is a major biotic constraint in lentil production. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of combination products of fungicides and bio‐agents against Fol under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Fungicides were evaluated using the poisoned food technique, while the antagonistic activity of bio‐agents was studied using dual culture technique. Among seven combination products of fungicides, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% was the most effective fungicide in restricting the colony diameter of the pathogen. In field conditions, the seed treatment with carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% at 2.5 g/kg seed performed best in both yield and seed quality parameters. Among the bio‐agents tested, Trichoderma asperullum gave the best results in suppressing pathogen growth under in vitro conditions. The seed treatment with the combination of T. asperullum + Pseudomonas fluorescens at 5 g/kg seed showed improvement in seed yield and seed quality parameters in the field. The present study has provided chemical and biological measures for the integrated management of lentil wilt.