bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distractor displacements during saccades are reflected in the time-course of saccade curvature
Authors: van Leeuwen Jonathan , Belopolsky Artem V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEvery time we make a saccade we form a prediction about where objects are going to be when the eye lands. This is crucial since the oculomotor system is retinotopically organized and every saccade drastically changes the projection of objects on the retina. We investigated how quickly the oculomotor system accommodates new spatial information when a distractor is displaced during a saccade. Participants performed sequences of horizontal and vertical saccades and oculomotor competition was induced by presenting a task-irrelevant distractor before the first saccade. On half of the trials the distractor remained in the same location after the first saccade and on the other half the distractor moved during the first saccade. Curvature of the second saccade was used to track target-distractor competition. At short intersaccadic intervals, saccades curved away from the original distractor location, confirming that in the oculomotor system spatiotopic representations emerge rapidly and automatically. Approximately 190 ms after the first saccade, second saccades curved away from the new distractor location. These results show that after a saccade the oculomotor system is initially driven by the spatial prediction made before the saccade, but it is able to quickly update these spatial predictions based on new visual information.
Transparent Displays Utilizing Nanopatterned Quantum Dot Films
Authors: Shin Sang-ho , Hwang Boyeon , Zhao Zhi-Jun , Jeon So Hee , Jung JooYun , Lee Ji-Hye , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Jeong Jun-Ho 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report the realization of a transparent display using glass covered by a nanopatterned quantum dot (QD) film with good transmittance. The film was fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and spin coating of colloidal QDs with specificexcitation maxima. The produced nanopatterned QD film was attached to transparent glass, enabling active image generation using a laser light source of a specific wavelength. Selective light emission was induced by strongly exciting the laser-exposed film surface, creating desired images, with color modulationenabled by controlling the QD layer (dozens of nanometers in size) via nanopatterning. The nanopatterned QD film used for image generation exhibits excellent transmittance (>80%), and can be used for transparent displays, with image realization in both bright and dark spaces. The fabricated displays have wide viewing anglesowing to their good light emission characteristics, and the fabrication through spin coating renders the fabrication process simple and applicable to large areas.
Progress in subseasonal to seasonal prediction through a joint weather and climate community effort
Authors: Mariotti Annarita , Ruti Paolo M. , Rixen Michel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPublic expectations have been set for the development of skillful meteorological forecasts of unprecedented leads out to a month or two, filling the so-called subseasonal to seasonal prediction gap. While both the weather and climate communities, coordinated internationally by the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), respectively, can contribute to address this challenge, neither of them can effectively meet the challenge alone. The WWRP/WCRP Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Prediction Project and related initiatives such as the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program S2S Prediction Task Force are providing a framework for needed weather–climate community interactions. Such joint weather–climate efforts need to be sustained in the future for continued progress in subseasonal to seasonal prediction.
Spotting high-z molecular absorbers using neutral carbon
Authors: Noterdaeme P. , Ledoux C. , Zou S. , Petitjean P. , Srianand R. , Balashev S. , López S. 
Published: January 2018

While molecular quasar absorption systems provide unique probes of the physical and chemical properties of the gas as well as original constraints on fundamental physics and cosmology, their detection remains challenging. Here we present the results from a complete survey for molecular gas in thirty-nine absorption systems selected solely upon the detection of neutral carbon lines in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra, without any prior knowledge of the atomic or molecular gas content. H2 is found in all twelve systems (including seven new detections) where the corresponding lines are covered by the instrument setups and measured to have logN(H2) ≳ 18, indicating a self-shielded regime. We also report seven CO detections (7/39) down to logN(CO) ~ 13.5, including a new one, and put stringent constraints on N(CO) for the remaining 32 systems. N(CO) and N(C I) are found to be strongly correlated with N(CO)/N(C I) ~ 1/10. This suggests that the C I-selected absorber population is probing gas deeper than the H I–H2 transition in which a substantial fraction of the total hydrogen in the cloud is in the form of H2. We conclude that targeting C I-bearing absorbers is a very efficient way to find high-metallicity molecular absorbers. However, probing the molecular content in lower-metallicity regimes as well as high-column-density neutral gas remains to be undertaken to unravel the processes of gas conversion in normal high-z galaxies.
Interest group impact on E-health implementation in Latvia
Authors: Bikava I. , Kreituse I. 
Published: January 2018

Democratic state governance should provide the society with mechanisms to impact policy development and implementation. Society members are presented by interest groups that can use internal and external ways to have impact on the government and reform implementation processes.
This article represents research that was made on E-health implementation in Latvia – identifying main obstacles and reasons of delayed implementation, and analyses active interest groups and their impact on the implementation process.
The research results showed that the main reason of delayed implementation was poor governance from the responsible authority and lack of interest group involvement in the reform development and implementation process.
α-induced reaction cross sections in the mass range A ≈ 20 − 50: a critical review
Authors: Mohr Peter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In a recent review it was shown that the cross sections of α-induced reactions in the A ≈ 20 − 50 mass range follow a general and smooth trend in most cases. For comparison of cross sections of different targets at various energies the method of reduced cross sections σ
red and reduced energies E
red was used. Four outliers were identified: 36Ar and 40Ar with unusal small cross sections and 23Na and 33S with unusual huge cross sections. New data for 23Na were presented at this NPA-7 conference; contrary to the previous data, these new data fit into the general systematics. In addition, a relation between the most effective energy E
0 for astrophysical reaction rates (the so-called Gamow window) and the reduced energy E
red is presented.
MutHTP: mutations in human transmembrane proteins
Authors: Kulandaisamy A , Binny Priya S , Sakthivel R , Tarnovskaya Svetlana , Bizin Ilya , Hönigschmid Peter , Frishman Dmitrij , Gromiha M Michael 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Existing sources of experimental mutation data do not consider the structural environment of amino acid substitutions and distinguish between soluble and membrane proteins. They also suffer from a number of further limitations, including data redundancy, lack of disease classification, incompatible information content, and ambiguous annotations (e.g. the same mutation being annotated as disease and benign).

Results
We have developed a novel database, MutHTP, which contains information on 183 395 disease-associated and 17 827 neutral mutations in human transmembrane proteins. For each mutation site MutHTP provides a description of its location with respect to the membrane protein topology, structural environment (if available) and functional features. Comprehensive visualization, search, display and download options are available.

Availability and implementation
The database is publicly available at http://www.iitm.ac.in/bioinfo/MutHTP/. The website is implemented using HTML, PHP and javascript and supports recent versions of all major browsers, such as Firefox, Chrome and Opera.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Not easy to catch: multiple covariates influence catch rates of brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.), potentially affecting inferences drawn from catch and landings data
Authors: Schulte Katharina Friederike , Dänhardt Andreas , Hufnagl Marc , Siegel Volker , Wosniok Werner , Temming Axel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Brown shrimps (Crangon crangon) occur in high densities in the southern North Sea and support a large, but so far unmanaged fishery with &gt;500 vessels. Cohort-based stock assessment is not possible, and catch per unit effort from scientific surveys and commercial landings are the only variables collected. Landings per unit effort are currently used to approximate the state of stock and to trigger catch restrictions, but, although decisive in interpreting unit catches or landings, factors affecting catch rates are rarely understood. Using data from two long-term (1997–2010) scientific surveys conducted in autumn and winter, respectively, in the southern North Sea and from a vertically resolving stow net deployed at two stations in the German Wadden Sea (2005–2007), we investigate the effects of season, reproductive state, size, tidal state, daylight, and water depth on catch rates of brown shrimp. Log-linear random intercept models revealed an influence of all factors examined on the catch rate. Depth had a clear effect on the composition of size and reproductive state, supporting the hypothesis that brown shrimp utilize selective tidal stream transport to migrate to depths preferred during certain periods within their life cycle. The vertical distribution of brown shrimp across the water column revealed that on average two thirds to three quarters of the brown shrimps were located above reach of the standard shrimp catching gear. Our findings indicate that multiple factors and interactions affect catch rates of brown shrimp and, thus, need to be accounted for when interpreting unit catches or landings for management purposes. We suggest that brown shrimps are not primarily demersal, and that stock size estimates solely relying on beam trawl data may underestimate the true density of shrimps per area.
Policing the ‘Middle of Nowhere’: Officer Working Strategies in Isolated Communities
Authors: Ruddell Rick , Jones Nicholas A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Thousands of isolated communities across the globe are policed by officers who confront the challenges posed by distinctive geographic and environmental conditions, and many serve in places with a high proportion of economically and politically marginalized peoples in the population. This study reports the results of a survey soliciting the perceptions of 827 Canadian officers working in Indigenous communities; 260 of whom were deployed in isolated locations. Comparison of their responses using t-tests reveal that officers working in isolated communities confront a greater volume and seriousness of crime, and higher levels of social problems contrasted against their counterparts policing non-isolated communities. The results show that officers working in these locations develop a style of policing that is responsive to the characteristics of these places. Considering the perceptions of officers serving in isolated communities is an important step to consider when developing a list of best policing practices that are responsive to the needs of these places, regardless of where in the world they are located.
Impact of Telemedicine on Mortality, Length of Stay, and Cost Among Patients in Progressive Care Units: Experience From a Large Healthcare System*
Authors: Armaignac Donna Lee , Saxena Anshul , Rubens Muni , Valle Carlos A. , Williams Lisa-Mae S. , Veledar Emir , Gidel Louis T. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
To determine whether Telemedicine intervention can affect hospital mortality, length of stay, and direct costs for progressive care unit patients.

Design:
Retrospective observational.

Setting:
Large healthcare system in Florida.

Patients:
Adult patients admitted to progressive care unit (PCU) as their primary admission between December 2011 and August 2016 (n = 16,091).

Interventions:
Progressive care unit patients with telemedicine intervention (telemedicine PCU [TPCU]; n = 8091) and without telemedicine control (nontelemedicine PCU [NTPCU]; n = 8000) were compared concurrently during study period.

Measurements and Main Results:
Primary outcome was progressive care unit and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, progressive care unit length of stay, and mean direct costs. The mean age NTPCU and TPCU patients were 63.4 years (95% CI, 62.9–63.8 yr) and 71.1 years (95% CI, 70.7–71.4 yr), respectively. All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group Disease Severity (p < 0.0001) and All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group patient Risk of Mortality (p < 0.0001) scores were significantly higher among TPCU versus NTPCU. After adjusting for age, sex, race, disease severity, risk of mortality, hospital entity, and organ systems, TPCU survival benefit was 20%. Mean progressive care unit length of stay was lower among TPCU compared with NTPCU (2.6 vs 3.2 d; p < 0.0001). Postprogressive care unit hospital length of stay was longer for TPCU patients, compared with NTPCU (7.3 vs 6.8 d; p < 0.0001). The overall mean direct cost was higher for TPCU ($13,180), compared with NTPCU ($12,301; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Although there are many studies about the effects of telemedicine in ICU, currently there are no studies on the effects of telemedicine in progressive care unit settings. Our study showed that TPCU intervention significantly decreased mortality in progressive care unit and hospital and progressive care unit length of stay despite the fact patients in TPCU were older and had higher disease severity, and risk of mortality. Increased postprogressive care unit hospital length of stay and total mean direct costs inclusive of telemedicine costs coincided with improved survival rates. Telemedicine intervention decreased overall mortality and length of stay within progressive care units without substantial cost incurrences.
Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Alpha 1-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade on Inflammation and Hemostasis in Human Hypertension
Authors: Ekholm Mikael , Jekell Andreas , Wallén N. Håkan , Gigante Bruna , Kahan Thomas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:
Drugs blocking the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may offer benefit on endothelial function, inflammation, and hemostasis in addition to the effects of reducing blood pressure. We examined the contribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril and the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blocker doxazosin on blood pressure and on markers of inflammation and hemostasis in 59 individuals with mild-to-moderate hypertension randomized to receive double-blind ramipril 10 mg od or doxazosin 8 mg od for 12 weeks. Inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-6 receptor, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and C-reactive protein) and hemostasis (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, tissue plasminogen activator antigen, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and thrombin generation by calibrated automated thrombogram) were assessed. The treatment reduced blood pressure in both groups. Thrombin-antithrombin complex decreased by treatment, and this was dependent on a reduction in thrombin-antithrombin complex in the ramipril group alone. There were no changes in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, whereas tissue plasminogen activator antigen increased by ramipril and decreased by doxazosin. Only minor changes were observed in systemic inflammation by treatment. Treatment with ramipril seems to reduce thrombin generation beyond effects on reducing blood pressure. Drugs blocking the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may reduce atherothrombotic complications beyond their effects to reduce blood pressure.
INNER CHOROIDAL FLOW SIGNAL ATTENUATION IN PACHYCHOROID DISEASE
Authors: Gal-Or Orly , Dansingani Kunal K. , Sebrow Dov , Dolz-Marco Rosa , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To study zones of reduced inner choroidal flow signal, foci of reduced inner choroidal thickness, and pathologically dilated Haller layer vessels (pachyvessels) in eyes with pachychoroid disease using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography.

Methods:
Patients with treatment-naive pachychoroid disease were recruited. All patients prospectively underwent swept-source OCT and OCT angiography. Zones of reduced choriocapillaris flow were labeled and enumerated. Areas where reduced flow signal was attributable to masking/artifacts were excluded. Regions of inner choroidal thinning were identified on structural OCT and labeled. Overlap between reduced choriocapillaris flow and structural inner choroidal attenuation was quantified using Jaccard indices. The relationship of reduced flow to pachyvessels was recorded.

Results:
Twenty-four eyes of 19 patients were identified. All eyes exhibited at least one zone of reduced flow. A total of 146 flow signal attenuation zones were identified. Sixty-two (42%) of 146 zones showed overlap or proximity with structural inner choroidal thinning. The mean Jaccard index per eye was 0.10 (SD = 0.08). Pachyvessels were spatially related to 100 (68%) of 146 zones of flow attenuation.

Conclusion:
Zones of reduced choriocapillaris flow are prevalent in eyes with pachychoroid disease. Approximately 60% of these zones anatomically correlate with pachyvessels. Inner choroidal ischemia seems related to the pathogenesis of pachychoroid diseases.
UTILITY OF ULTRA-WIDEFIELD RETINAL IMAGING FOR THE STAGING AND MANAGEMENT OF SICKLE CELL RETINOPATHY
Authors: Han Ian C. , Zhang Alice Y. , Liu Tin Y. A. , Linz Marguerite O. , Scott Adrienne W. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To determine whether ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal imaging changes the staging or management of sickle cell retinopathy compared with clinical examination.

Methods:
Prospective, observational study including patients with sickle cell disease. All patients underwent dilated fundus examination by a fellowship-trained retina specialist, as well as UWF fundus photography (FF) and fluorescein angiography (FA). Sickle retinopathy stage and treatment recommendation per eye were determined after clinical examination, UWF-FF, and UWF-FA, respectively, and differences in retinopathy stage and treatment recommendation were compared.

Results:
A total of 70 eyes from 35 patients (17 women, 48.6%), mean age 30.4 years, were included. Sickle genotypes included 26 patients with sickle SS (74.3%), 7 SC (20.0%), and 2 β(+)thalassemia (5.7%). Based on examination, most eyes (42/70; 60.0%) had no visible retinopathy. Based on UWF-FF, about half of the eyes were found to be Goldberg Stage 2 or above (36/70; 51.4%). Based on UWF-FA, nearly all eyes were Goldberg Stage 2 or above (63/70; 90%). However, clinical examination reliably detected neovascularization, and in no case did the addition of UWF imaging change management relative to examination alone.

Conclusion:
Ultra-widefield imaging detects a higher stage of sickle cell retinopathy compared with clinical examination alone, but these differences may not be clinically significant.
Inotropic Therapy for Sepsis
Authors: Louden Drew Taylor , Rutman Lori Ellen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock represent a dynamic clinical syndrome involving a systemic inflammatory response, circulatory changes, and end-organ dysfunction from an infection. Early aggressive management to restore perfusion and/or improve hypotension is critical to improving outcomes. Although the basic management principles of early goal-directed therapy for sepsis have not undergone significant changes, there has been a recent shift in recommendations related to the timing and type of inotropic support. The purpose of this article is to review fluid management along with previous and current inotrope recommendations in pediatric sepsis and septic shock.
Using Contact Patterns to Inform HIV Interventions in Persons Who Inject Drugs in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Smith M. Kumi , Graham Matthew , Latkin Carl A. , Go Vivian L. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Population mixing patterns can greatly inform allocation of HIV prevention interventions such as treatment as prevention or preexposure prophylaxis. Characterizing contact patterns among subgroups can help identify the specific combinations of contact expected to result in the greatest number of new infections.

Setting:
Baseline data from an intervention to reduce HIV-related risk behaviors in male persons who inject drugs (PWID) in the Northern Vietnamese province of Thai Nguyen were used for the analysis.

Methods:
Egocentric network data were provided by PWID who reported any drug-injection equipment sharing in the previous 3 months. Age-dependent mixing was assessed to explore its epidemiological implications on risk of HIV transmission risk (among those HIV-infected) and HIV acquisition risk (among those not infected) in PWID.

Results:
A total of 1139 PWID collectively reported 2070 equipment-sharing partnerships in the previous 3 months. Mixing by age identified the 30–34 and 35–39 years age groups as the groups from whom the largest number of new infections was transmitted, making them primary targets for treatment as prevention. Among the uninfected, 25–29, 30–35, and 35–39 years age groups had the highest HIV acquisition rate, making them the primary targets for preexposure prophylaxis.

Conclusions:
Collection and analysis of contact patterns in PWID is feasible and can greatly inform infectious disease dynamics and targeting of appropriate interventions. Results presented also provide much needed empirical data on mixing to improve mathematical models of disease transmission in this population.