bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Intravenous Delivery of Human Brain Stromal Cells Modulates Systemic Inflammation and Leads to Vasoprotection in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Badner Anna , Vawda Reaz , Laliberte Alex , Hong James , Mikhail Mirriam , Jose Alejandro , Dragas Rachel , Fehlings Michael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition with multifaceted complications and limited treatment options. In SCI, the initial physical trauma is closely followed by a series of secondary events, including inflammation and blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, which further exacerbate injury. This secondary pathology is partially mediated by the systemic immune response to trauma, in which cytokine production leads to the recruitment/activation of inflammatory cells. Because early intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to mitigate inflammation in various models of neurologic disease, this study aimed to assess these effects in a rat model of SCI (C7-T1, 35-gram clip compression) using human brain-derived stromal cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for a human-specific DNA sequence was used to assess cell biodistribution/clearance and confirmed that only a small proportion (approximately 0.001%–0.002%) of cells are delivered to the spinal cord, with the majority residing in the lung, liver, and spleen. Intriguingly, although cell populations drastically declined in all aforementioned organs, there remained a persistent population in the spleen at 7 days. Furthermore, the cell infusion significantly increased splenic and circulating levels of interleukin-10—a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. Through this suppression of the systemic inflammatory response, the cells also reduced acute spinal cord BSCB permeability, hemorrhage, and lesion volume. These early effects further translated into enhanced functional recovery and tissue sparing 10 weeks after SCI. This work demonstrates an exciting therapeutic approach whereby a minimally invasive cell-transplantation procedure can effectively reduce secondary damage after SCI through systemic immunomodulation.

Significance
Central nervous system pericytes (perivascular stromal cells) have recently gained significant attention within the scientific community. In addition to being recognized as major players in neurotrauma, pericytes have been discovered to share a common origin and potentially function with traditionally defined mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Although there have been several in vitro comparisons, the in vivo therapeutic application of human brain-derived stromal cells has not been previously evaluated. This study demonstrates that these cells not only display a MSC phenotype in vitro but also have similar in vivo immunomodulatory effects after spinal cord injury that are more potent than those of non-central nervous system tissue-derived cells. Therefore, these cells are of great interest for therapeutic use in spinal cord injury.
Concise Review: Stem Cell Interventions for People With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Novak Iona , Walker Karen , Hunt Rod W. , Wallace Euan M. , Fahey Michael , Badawi Nadia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Evidence for stem cells as a potential intervention for cerebral palsy is emerging. Our objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of stem cells for improving motor and cognitive function of people with cerebral palsy. Searches were conducted in October 2015 in CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Libraries. Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of stem cells for cerebral palsy were included. Two authors independently decided upon included trials, extracted data, quality, and risk of bias. The primary outcome was gross motor function. Secondary outcomes were cognitive function and adverse events (AEs). Effects were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random-effects model. Five trials comprising 328 participants met inclusion criteria. Four cell types were studied: olfactory ensheathing, neural, neural progenitors, and allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCBs). Transplantation procedures differed from central nervous system neurosurgical transplantation to intravenous/arterial infusion. Participants were followed short-term for only 6 months. Evidence of variable quality indicated a small statistically significant intervention effect from stem cells on gross motor skills (SMD 1.27; 95% CI 0.22, 2.33), with UCBs most effective. There were insufficient and heterogeneous data to compare cognitive effects. Serious AEs were rare (n = 4/135 [3%] stem cells; n = 3/139 [2%] controls). Stem cells appeared to induce short-term improvements in motor skills. Different types of stem cell interventions were compared, meaning the data were heterogeneous and are a study limitation. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted, using rigorous methodologies.

Significance
Stem cells are emerging as a scientifically plausible treatment and possible cure for cerebral palsy, but are not yet proven. The lack of valid animal models has significantly hampered the scope of clinical trials. Despite the state of current treatment evidence, parents remain optimistic about the potential improvements from stem cell intervention and feel compelled to exhaust all therapeutic options, including stem cell tourism. Receiving unproven therapies from unvalidated sources is potentially dangerous. Thus it is essential that researchers and clinicians stay up to date. A systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing and aggregating current research data may provide more conclusive evidence to inform treatment decision making and help direct future research.
Le redéploiement spatial de la production : une voie de relance de l’artisanat traditionnel au Maroc ?
Authors: Ouazzani Touhami Naoual , Ferguene Améziane , Jaidi Larbi 
Published: June 2016

Cet article traite de l’évolution de l’artisanat de Fès, des difficultés auxquelles cet artisanat est confronté depuis plusieurs décennies et des conditions requises pour sa redynamisation. À l’évidence, pour retrouver son rayonnement d’antan, l’artisanat traditionnel doit opter pour l’innovation comme moyen privilégié de création de valeur, ainsi que pour un nouveau mode d’organisation de sa production. La politique de transfert des ateliers de la vieille ville vers de nouvelles « zones d’activités artisanales », créées hors médina, est-elle une voie appropriée pour une telle redynamisation ? En d’autres termes, ce redéploiement spatial des activités fournit-il aux artisans l’occasion d’évoluer vers des formes de travail et d’organisation plus efficaces et plus compétitives ? Telle est la problématique centrale qu’aborde ce texte.
LA DETERMINACIÓN MULTIDIMENSIONAL DEL DESEMPEÑO EMPRESARIAL SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Galán Rivas Vilnia Elena , Morales Pérez Milagros 
Published: June 2016

Resumen. En la medida en que el entorno empresarial se ha modificado el desempeño de las entidades ha cobrado diversos matices, exigiendo un enfoque diferente. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la determinación multidimensional del Desempeño Empresarial Sostenible. El análisis crítico de la bibliografía especializada centró la atención en los objetivos que persiguen cada propuesta, las dimensiones y los indicadores que se evalúan. Se demuestra: que las propuestas analizadas son, mayoritariamente, unilaterales y excluyentes, con un sesgo a favor del aspecto económico-financiero y la supresión preceptiva de la dimensión medioambiental y social; la necesidad del enfoque multidimensional del desempeño empresarial sostenible para lograr un análisis más integral de la relación de la empresa con su entorno; que sus cuatro dimensiones (ambiental, económico–tecnológica, legal y social), representan sus determinaciones cualitativas, que posibilitan un enfoque multilateral y permiten identificar las determinaciones cuantitativas para su medición y evaluación..

Palabras clave: desempeño empresarial sostenible, determinación multidimensional.

Abstract. Since the business environment has modified the performance of the entities it has charged diverse nuances, demanding a different focus. The present article has as objective to analyze the multidimensional determination of the Sustainable Business Performance. The critical analysis of the specialized bibliography centered the attention in the objectives that pursue each proposal, the dimensions and the indicators that are evaluated. It is demonstrated: that the analyzed proposals are, for the most part, unilateral and excluding, with a bias in favor of the economic-financial aspect and the mandatory suppression of the environmental and social dimension; the necessity of the multidimensional focus of the sustainable business performance to achieve a more integral analysis of the relationship of the company with their environment; that its four dimensions (environmental, economic -technological, legal, and social), represent their qualitative determinations that facilitate a multilateral focus and they allow to identify the quantitative determinations for their measuring and evaluation.

Key words: sustainable business performance, multidimensional determination.
Origin of additional broad peaks in Raman spectra from thin germanium-rich silicon–germanium films
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuma , Kosemura Daisuke , Yokogawa Ryo , Usuda Koji , Ogura Atsushi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Additional broad peaks in Raman spectra from thin Ge-rich SiGe films were examined in detail. The broad peak on the low-wavenumber side of first-order optical phonon was also present for pure Ge, which indicates that the localized mode is not the reason for the broad peaks. Furthermore, other factors, e.g., strain, defect, phonon confinement effect, Fano effect, and fluorescence from oil, were excluded from the origin of the broad peaks. We assigned the broad peaks to surface optical phonon modes. The dependence of this surface mode on Ge concentration in Ge-rich SiGe was also investigated and the behavior was discussed.
Resonant frequency analysis of a Lamé-mode resonator on a quartz plate by the finite-difference time-domain method using the staggered grid with the collocated grid points of velocities
Authors: Yasui Takashi , Hasegawa Koji , Hirayama Koichi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method using a staggered grid with the collocated grid points of velocities (SGCV) was formulated for elastic waves propagating in anisotropic solids and for a rectangular SGCV. Resonant frequency analysis of Lamé-mode resonators on a quartz plate was carried out to confirm the accuracy and validity of the proposed method. The resonant frequencies for the fundamental and higher-order Lamé-modes calculated by the proposed method agreed very well with their theoretical values.
Discussion about generation mechanisms of third-order nonlinear signals in surface acoustic wave resonators based on simulation
Authors: Nakagawa Ryo , Suzuki Takanao , Shimizu Hiroshi , Kyoya Haruki , Nako Katsuhiro , Hashimoto Ken-ya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the generation mechanisms of third-order nonlinearity in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices on the basis of simulation results, which are obtained by a proposed method for this discussion. First, eight nonlinear terms are introduced to the piezoelectric constitutive equations, and nonlinear stress and electric flux fields are estimated using linear strain and electric fields calculated by a linear analysis, i.e., the coupling of mode simulation. Then, their contributions are embedded as voltage and current sources, respectively, in an equivalent circuit model, and nonlinear signals appearing at external ports are estimated. It is shown that eight coefficients of the nonlinear terms can be determined from a series of experiments carried out at various driving and resulting frequencies. This is because the effect of each nonlinear term on the nonlinear signal outputs changes markedly with the conditions. When the coefficients are determined properly, the simulations agree well with some measurement results under various conditions.
HDlive Silhouette Mode With Spatiotemporal Image Correlation for Assessment of the Fetal Heart
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , AboEllail Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa , Sajapala Suraphan , Ishimura Mari , Masaoka Hiroshi 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to present our experience with normal and abnormal fetal cardiac structures reconstructed in the HDlive silhouette mode (GE Healthcare Japan, Tokyo, Japan) with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC).MethodsTwenty‐two fetuses with normal hearts and 1 fetus with a congenital heart anomaly (Ebstein anomaly) at 20 to 36 weeks' gestation were studied in the HDlive silhouette mode with STIC.ResultsIn normal fetal hearts, 4 cardiac chambers and crisscross arrangements of the pulmonary artery and aorta were clearly identified. This modality facilitated visualization of the relationships and course of the outflow and inflow tracts, thus helping the operators more effectively understand the spatial relationships among the cardiac chambers and vessels. The opening and closing of mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves were ascertained in the en face view of both atrioventricular valves and great vessels. In the fetus with Ebstein anomaly, a low attachment of the tricuspid valve and an enlarged right atrium were evident.ConclusionsThe HDlive silhouette mode with STIC provides new visual experiences for physicians, owing to the anatomically clear depiction of fetal cardiac structures, and it may be an easier way to depict the spatial relationships among fetal cardiac chambers, great arteries, and veins.
Regional 3‐D ionospheric electron density specification on the basis of data assimilation of ground‐based GNSS and radio occultation data
Authors: Aa Ercha , Liu Siqing , Huang Wengeng , Shi Liqin , Gong Jiancun , Chen Yanhong , Shen Hua , Li Jianyong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a regional 3‐D ionospheric electron density specification over China and adjacent areas (70°E–140°E in longitude, 15°N–55°N in latitude, and 100–900 km in altitude) is developed on the basis of data assimilation technique. The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is used as a background model, and a three‐dimensional variational technique is used to assimilate both the ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and International GNSS Service (IGS) and the ionospheric radio occultation (RO) data from FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC (F3/C) satellites. The regional 3‐D gridded ionospheric electron densities can be generated with temporal resolution of 5 min in universal time, horizontal resolution of 2° × 2° in latitude and longitude, and vertical resolution of 20 km between 100 and 500 km and 50 km between 500 and 900 km. The data assimilation results are validated through extensive comparison with several sources of electron density information, including (1) ionospheric total electron content (TEC); (2) Abel‐retrieved F3/C electron density profiles (EDPs); (3) ionosonde foF2 and bottomside EDPs; and (4) the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (USU‐GAIM) under both geomagnetic quiet and disturbed conditions. The validation results show that the data assimilation procedure pushes the climatological IRI model toward the observation, and a general accuracy improvement of 15–30% can be expected. Thecomparisons also indicate that the data assimilation results are more close to the Center for Orbit Determination of Europe (CODE) TEC and Madrigal TEC products than USU‐GAIM. These initial results might demonstrate the effectiveness of the data assimilation technique in improving specification of local ionospheric morphology.
Total Syntheses of Periconiasins A–E
Authors: Tian Chong , Lei Xiaoqiang , Wang Yuanhao , Dong Zhen , Liu Gang , Tang Yefeng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first and collective total syntheses of periconiasins A–E, a group of naturally occurring cytochalasans, were achieved by a series of rationally designed or bioinspired transformations. Salient features of the syntheses include a tandem aldol condensation/Grob fragmentation to assemble the linear polyketide–amino acid hybrid precursor, a Diels–Alder macrocylization to construct the 9/6/5 tricyclic core of periconiasins A–C, and a transannular carbonyl–ene reaction to forge the polycyclic framework of periconiasins D and E.
Effects of xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2) on xylose fermentation by engineered Candida glycerinogenes
Authors: Zong Hong , Zhang Cheng , Zhuge Bin , Lu Xinyao , Fang Huiying , Sun Jin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEfficient bioconversion of d‐xylose into various biochemicals is critical for lignocelluloses application. Candida glycerinogenes, expressing the xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2) gene, has the ability to produce glycerol from xylose entered into pentose phosphate pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that low expression levels of the XYL2 gene derived from Scheffersomyces stipitis in C. glycerinogenes is a major bottleneck in efficient xylose fermentation. Through a metabolic engineering approach using an integrative expression, XYL2 was identified as an overexpression target for improving xylose metabolism. Two recombinant strains with XYL2 overexpression were constructed to ferment a mixture of glucose and xylose simultaneously in batch fermentation. Compared with C. glycerinogenes (wild type), glycerol production from xylose by C. glycerinogenes (PURGAPX2) and C. glycerinogenes (PURGPDX2) was increased by 94.5% and 103.3%, respectively. It was also found that additional overexpression of XYL2 under the control of strong promoters in a xylose‐fermenting strain not only reduced xylitol accumulation but also increased glycerol yields. As the expression levels of XYL2 increased, the glycerol yields gradually improved from 30.6 to 63.3 g/L, whereas the xylitol yields significantly decreased from 38.7 to 19.9 g/L. These results suggest that strong expression of XYL2 is a necessary condition for developing efficient xylose‐fermenting strains.
Effect of cold ischaemia time on outcome after living donor renal transplantation
Authors: Nath J , Hodson J , Canbilen S W , Al Shakarchi J , Inston N G , Sharif A , Ready A R 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of cold ischaemia time (CIT) on living donor kidney transplant recipients in a large national data set.

Methods
Data from the National Health Service Blood and Transplant and UK Renal Registry databases for all patients receiving a living donor kidney transplant in the UK between January 2001 and December 2014 were analysed. Patients were divided into three groups depending on CIT (less than 2 h, 2–4 h, 4–8 h). Risk-adjusted outcomes were assessed by multivariable analysis adjusting for discordance in both donor and recipient characteristics.

Results
Outcomes of 9156 transplants were analysed (CIT less than 2 h in 2662, 2–4 h in 4652, and 4–8 h in 1842). After adjusting for confounders, there was no significant difference in patient survival between CIT groups. Recipients of kidneys with a CIT of 4–8 h had excellent graft outcomes, although these were slightly inferior to outcomes in those with a CIT of less than 2 h, with risk-adjusted rates of delayed graft function of 8·6 versus 4·3 per cent, and 1-year graft survival rates of 96·2 versus 97·1 per cent, respectively.

Conclusion
The detrimental effect of prolonging CIT for up to 8 h in living donation kidney transplantation is marginal.
Prognostic value of preoperative von Willebrand factor plasma levels in patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Marfia Giovanni , Navone Stefania Elena , Fanizzi Claudia , Tabano Silvia , Pesenti Chiara , Abdel Hadi Loubna , Franzini Andrea , Caroli Manuela , Miozzo Monica , Riboni Laura , Rampini Paolo , Campanella Rolando 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCirculating biomarker for malignant gliomas could improve both differential diagnosis and clinical management of brain tumor patients. Among all gliomas, glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most hypervascularized tumor with activation of multiple proangiogenic signaling pathways that enhance tumor growth. To investigate whether preoperative antigen plasma level of von Willebrand Factor (VWF:Ag) might be possible marker for GBM onset, progression, and prognosis, we retrospectively examined 57 patients with histological diagnosis for GBM and 23 meningiomas (MNGs), benign intracranial expansive lesions, enrolled as controls. Blood samples were collected from all the patients before tumor resection. Plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF):Ag levels were determined by using a latex particle‐enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The median levels of vWF:Ag were significantly higher in GBMs than in meningiomas (MNGs) (183 vs. 133 IU/dL, P = 0.01). The cumulative 1‐year survival was significantly shorter in patients with VWF:Ag levels >200 IU/dL than in those with levels <200 IU/dL and increased VWF levels were associated with a threefold higher risk of death in GBM patients. Our data suggest that VWF:Ag could be a circulating biomarker of disease malignancy, that could be considered, in association with other genetic and epigenetic factors, currently available in the GBM management. Future studies should investigate whether plasma VWF:Ag levels could also be used to monitor therapeutic effects and whether it may have a prognostic value.
Late prostatic metastasis of an uveal melanoma in a miniature Schnauzer dog
Authors: Delgado Esmeralda , Silva João X. , Pissarra Hugo , Peleteiro Maria C. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical MessageThis manuscript describes a previously unreported clinical case of canine uveal melanoma in a miniature Schnauzer dog with an unusual location of metastasis (prostate) and delayed occurrence (3 years after primary tumor diagnosis and enucleation). Immunohistochemical labeling of both tumors with Melan A, Ki‐67, and c‐kit added some valuable information.
In Vitro Selection of Chromium‐Dependent DNAzymes for Sensing Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI)
Authors: Zhou Wenhu , Vazin Mahsa , Yu Tianmeng , Ding Jinsong , Liu Juewen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChromium is a very important analyte for environmental monitoring, and developing biosensors for chromium is a long‐standing analytical challenge. In this work, in vitro selection of RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes was carried out in the presence of Cr3+. The most active DNAzyme turned out to be the previously reported lanthanide‐dependent Ce13d DNAzyme. Although the Ce13d activity was about 150‐fold lower with Cr3+ than that with lanthanides, the activity of lanthanides and other competing metals was masked by using a phosphate buffer; this left Cr3+ as the only metal that could activate Ce13d. With 100 μm Cr3+, the cleavage rate is 1.6 h−1 at pH 6. By using a molecular beacon design, Cr3+ was measured with a detection limit of 70 nm, which was significantly lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limit (11 μm). Cr4+ was measured after reduction by NaBH4 to Cr3+, and it could be sensed with a similar detection limit of 140 nm Cr4+; this value was lower than the EPA limit of 300 nm. This sensor was tested for chromium speciation analysis in a real sample, and the results supported its application for environmental monitoring. At the same time, it has enhanced our understanding of the interactions between chromium and DNA.