bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Insecticide Trial Against Various Pests of Red Ginger, 1995
Authors: Hara A. H. , Hata T. Y. , Hu B. K. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted from 27 Jun through 31 Aug in an existing, 6-yr old ginger planting at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Agricultural Research Station in Hilo, Hawaii. Treatments consisted of 4 replicates with 5 plots (approx 40 plant stalks per plot) per replicate arranged in a RCB experimental design. Selected insecticides were applied at the following rates: Deltamethrin 5SC, 5.5 ml (AI) by volume/100 gal; Saga 40WP, 6.0g (AI)/100 gal; Decathlon 20WP, 10.8g (AI)/100 gal; Dursban 50W, 226.8g (AI)/100 gal. Insecticides were applied biweekly beginning 5 Jul for a total of four applications using a solo backpack sprayer (Solo Inc., Mewport News, VA) equipped with an 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi (54.0 gpa). A spreader sticker (Bond, Loveland Industries, Greeley, CO) was added to all foliar treatments including the control at a rate of 1.0 pt per 100 gal. Pretreatment data were taken on 27 Jun. Treatment efficacy was determined biweekly by dissecting and examining the flower bracts and terminal leaf sheath for various insect pests. Flowers were considered infested if a single live 1 moving) insect was found. The three species of mealybugs were pooled for analysis. The percentages of infested flowers were transformed to arcsine square root and subjected to ANOVA. Back transformed means are presented.
Control of Aphids on Lettuce, 1996
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Red Fire’ leaf lettuce was planted at the Muck Crops Branch, Celeryville, OH, on 6 Aug. The field was fertilized with 800 lbs of 17-17-17 per acre. The experimental plots were three rows 20 inches apart, 30 ft long, with plant spacing at 12 inches within rows. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Pretreatment aphid counts were made 11 Sep by randomly selecting plants from the outside rows of each plot in replicates one and two and counting the number of aphids per plant. Pretreatment aphid counts averaged 32.2 aphids per plant. Treatment applications were made 11 and 19 Sep using a backpack sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with a flat fan nozzle. Aphid populations were evaluated 17 and 26 Sep by randomly selecting five lettuce plants from the middle row of each plot and counting the density of aphids on each plant.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Onion Thrips Control on Dry Onion, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Shimabuku R. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from June to September. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of four rows of plants planted at 8 in. between-plant spacing. Each row consisted of 45 plants. Seedlings were transplanted into the field on 17 Jun. Treatments were applied using a compressed carbon dioxide sprayer at 60 psi and 100 gpa. Two twin jet nozzles (TJ-6502) were used per two rows. Applications of Warrior at 0.02 and 0.03 lb. (AI)/acre, Lannate, and Ammo were made at 7-day intervals on 16, 23, 30 July, 6, 13, 20 Aug for a total of six applications. An additional treatment of Warrior @ 0.03 lb. (AI)/acre was made when thrips numbers exceeded 3 thrips/plant on 23 Jul, 6 and 20 Aug.
Armyworm And Pepper Weevil Control on Bell Pepper, Spring 1996
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 26 Feb, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 14 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 11, 18, 26 Apr, 1, 8, 15, 22, 31 May, 5, 12, 19, 28 Jun, 3 and 10 Jul. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. Because of a very heavy population of southern armyworm larvae, weekly applications of Bacillus thuringiensis (Javelin and Xentari alternating weekly) were initiated on 13 Jun. On 20 May and 7 Jun, each plot was rated by two persons for increasing percentage of defoliation by armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt system. With this system, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. The ratings were averaged prior to analysis. On 24 Jun, each plot was sampled by dislodging the aphids from the tops of five plants with a 12 inch garden stake into the bottom of a rectangular cake pan painted black and coated with a thin film of vegetable oil. Fruit were harvested on 20 May, 4, 18, 26 Jun, 8 and 17 Jul. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae were determined. Fruit were also examined for the presence of surface oviposition scars and larval feeding damage inside, caused by the pepper weevil.
Colorado Potato Beetle and European Corn Borer Control with Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Holloway C. Wade 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Atlantic’ potatoes were | planted by the grower in early Mar near Elizabeth City, NC and in late Mar at McGees Crossroads (MGX) near Benson, N.C. The test plots were each 20 ift. long, with single-row spacing on 42 inch centers and a guard row between treatments. The tests at both locations were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Alleys of 10 ft, perpendicular to rows, were used between replicates in Test 1 (Pasquotank Co., Elizabeth City, NC) and 5 ft. alleys were used in Test i2 (Johnston Co., MGX). Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to J deliver 54.5 gpa. In Test 1, potatoes were uncovered and Admire 2F was applied over the top on 25 Mar and in Test 2, on 26 Mar. Both tests received Admire 2F at the rate of 1.0 fluid oz per 1000 linear ft of row. Provado 1.6F was applied at CPB egg stage only on 6 May for Test and on 22 May for Test 2. All other treatments were applied on 13 May for Test 1 and on 22 and 28 May for Test 2 when small larvae were present. Test 1 apparently received an overspray of Provado for CPB by the grower and we were unable to make any weekly CPB counts or ratings. Counts of CPB on 3 hills/plot as well as visual damage ratings were made on 28 May and 4 Jun for Test 2 at MGX. Small larvae were assumed to be first and second instar, and large larvae, third and fourth instar. Counts of entry points of ECB for the entire row were taken on 11 Jun for Test 1 and on 12 Jun for Test 2. Due to grower error, no yield data were obtained in Test 1. In Text 2, potatoes were harvested on 10 ft of row to measure yields at 12 Jun.
Management of Insects on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Spring 1996C
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 1 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-21 ft long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal sprays were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 20, 27 May, 10 and 17 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was fitted with eight Albuz orange nozzles per row delivering 120 gpa. The Admire treatment was applied in 4 oz water/plant on 4 Mar. Because of a very heavy population of southern armyworm larvae, weekly applications of Bacillus thuringiensis (Javelin and Xentari alternated weekly) were initiated on 13 May. All control and yield data were collected on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each often plants on 30 May, 3, 6, 12 and 24 Jun. The numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae (red eye nymphs) of the silverleaf whitefly were counted. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 12 and 24 Jun and the fruit were separated by the presence of southern armyworm, thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on blossom end) and stink bug damage and were counted and weighed.
Apple, Evaluation of Insecticides on Indirect Pests, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of ‘Yorking’. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 8 years old and planted at a spacing of 20 x 30 ft. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa driven at 2.4 mph. All plots recieved a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50DF, Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP and Ziram 76WP and the insecticide Imidan 70WP. All maintenance materials were applied using the alternate row middle method of application. The effect of the sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Effectiveness on the spirea aphid was evaluated by counting the number of aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals, and by rating the density of aphids/most infested leaf on 0-4 scale as explained in the table footnotes. The number of natural enemies of aphids was determined by counting the number observed on 10 growing shoots per tree. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on ERM was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. The predator, S. punctum, was observed by making 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees. STLM was evaluated by a 5-min count of tissue-feeding mines around the periphery of the trees at the end of the 1st and 2nd generations. Also, STLM parasitism was evaluated at the end of the second generation by collecting 25 random leaves/tree and dissecting the mines found. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Control of Squash Bug on Watermelon, 1996
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Watermelon, ‘Sangria’, was direct seeded in May ‘96 at the Lane AREC, Lane. OK. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 15 treatments. Plots were one bed wide, 9 ft, by 50 ft long with 10 ft alleys between plots Foliar insecticide treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer that broadcast a 72 inch spray swath over the plots using 4 nozzles (TXVS261 delivering 41 gal/acre at 42 psi. Furadan and Admire were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer at planting. Plots were treated on 15 and 22 Aug. Squash bug populations were surveyed on 26 Aug by counting total number of bugs (adults and nymphs) in 0.5 sq yd area in each plot.
Control of Aphids and Whiteflies on Watermelon, 1995
Authors: Webb S. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Watermelon was direct-seeded on 30 Mar at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Leesburg, FL. Each plot consisted of four 35-ft rows, 7 ft apart with plants spaced 2.5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated four times in an RCB design. Fungicide (mancozeb or chlorothalonil) was applied weekly, usually 2 d after insecticides. All materials were applied with a 2-row tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 18 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow cone nozzles, spaced 8 inches apart, delivering 178 gpa at 400 psi or 133 gpa at 200 psi (CGA-215944 and Thiodan only). Silwet (0.02% or 0.03%, vohvol) was tank-mixed with Mycotrol. CGA-215944 was tested for aphid control only and was applied when the number of aphids exceeded five per leaf (high rate on 24 May only, low rate on 24 May and 7 Jun). All other treatments were applied on 24 May, 1,7, 13, and 20 Jun except Thiodan which was not applied on 24 May. Small whitefly nymphs (first and second instars) and large nymphs (third and fourth instars, pupae) were counted and summed on three 0.6-inch diam leaf disks cut from each of 20 leaves per plot for 5 weeks, beginning on 29 May and ending on 26 Jun. Aphids were counted on whole leaves. A square root transformation was used to stabilize the variance of counts for analysis. A two-way ANOVA and a mean separation test (Waller-Duncan k-ratio) were used to determine differences among treatments.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Alfalfa, 1996
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against potato leafhopper. The experiments were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA on a third year (second full harvest year) alfalfa (Pioneer 5373) crop. Plots of 40 X 40 ft were arranged in a RCB design with an untreated check in each of four replications. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps of a 15 inch dia insect-beating net taken randomly across each plot. Prior to treatment, potato leafhopper densities were estimated on 17 Jun (Experiment 1) and 1 Aug (Experiment 2). All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 21 Jun for Experiment 1 and 2 Aug for Experiment 2. Cygon 4E was added as a standard insecticide treatment in Experiment 2. Alfalfa height at application was 4-6 inches. Insecticides were applied in 25 gpa at 25 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom containing 80° fiat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Leafhopper densities were sampled on 25, 28 Jun and 5, 12 Jul (4, 7, 14, 21 DAT) for Experiment 1, and 6, 8, 16, 22, 29 Aug (4, 6, 14, 20, 29 DAT) for Experiment 2. Densities reported represent the number of adults, number of nymphs, and the combined numbers of adults and nymphs collected per 20 sweeps. Alfalfa yield was determined on 16 Jul (Experiment 1) and 30 Aug (Experiment 2) from a 60 ft2 swath taken from each plot with a Carter Forage Harvester (Carter Mfg. Co. Inc., Brookston, IN). Percent moisture was determined by oven drying a subsample of alfalfa (approximately 2 lb wet). Alfalfa yield is reported as dry weight lb/acre.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1996
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots, 34 ft X 36 ft, were in a 5-yr-old stand of ‘Wampr’ variety alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gpa. Treatments were applied on 2 May with a low pressure, low volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 stainless steel Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 4, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Roberts S. J. , Armbrust E. J. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments for potato leafhoppers (PLH) were evaluated on a two year stand of alfalfa during the 2nd growth period at the Southern Illinois University, Belleville Research Center. Plots were 40 X 50 ft with four replications of treatments in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 19 Jun with a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 19.7 gpa at 30 psi through a 20-ft boom equipped with flat fan nozzles (TeeJet 8002VS) spaced 20 inches apart.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa, 1996
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Test plots were established near Filer, Idaho. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and the field was irrigated by surface flow. Four treatments and an untreated check were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each individual test plot was 25 X 25 ft. Sprays were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using 30 psi and delivering 20 gpa with four, 10X hollow cone nozzles. Sampling was accomplished by taking five, 90° pendulum sweeps (15-inch diam sweep net) per plot. Counts were made of all alfalfa pest species present as well as all beneficial insects. A pre-treatment count was made and all treatments were applied on 17 Jun. Additional counts were made at 48 h, 7 and 9 DAT. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Neuman-Keuls multiple means comparison (P = 0.05).
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer Under Artificial Infestation, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn was planted at the Shaw Foundation Farm, Champaign, IL in rows 30 inches wide on 17 Jun. A RCB design was used, and each treatment was replicated four times. Two untreated controls were used per replication and averaged for the analysis. Each plot was 4 rows wide X 60 ft long. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of each plot; the 2 outside rows were left untreated. Treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance vehicle (HCV) with a rear-mounted boom. Granules were applied through Noble units mounted in brackets on the rear of the HCV. The Noble units were driven with electric motors, and the granules were applied over the whorls in a 7-inch band. Liquid insecticides were broadcast over the center 2 rows of the 4-row plot with TeeJet even fiat-fan spray tips (8003VS) mounted in brackets on the rear of the HCV. The height of the nozzles was approximately 18 inches above the whorls. The liquids were delivered with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 11.0 gpa at 20 psi at a speed of 2.5 mph. Plants were artificially infested with ECB on 18 and 19 Jul. Two black head stage ECB egg masses were placed in the whorl of 15 consecutive plants in each of the middle 2 rows of a 4-row plot on each of the 2 infestation dates. On 26 Aug, 10 of the infested plants from each of the middle 2 rows in each plot were split with a corn knife for evaluation. The number of borer cavities and the total length of cavities per plant were recorded. The mean percentage of plants with cavities and percent control were determined for each treatment.
Evaluation of Mycotrol Wp9504 (Beauveria Bassiana) and Provado (Imidacloprid) to Control Tarnished Plant Bug on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Brown J.Z. , Steinkraus D. C. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of Mycotrol and Provado alone and in combination to kill TPB caged on cotton plants was studied. Cotton was planted 17 May on the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station, Marianna, AR. Adult TPB were collected 8 Jul from flowering mustard planted in cotton. Nylon tulle (1 mm2 mesh) sleeve cages 3 ft long by 1 ft diameter were placed over the first 6 terminal nodes of flowering cotton plants in plots 50 ft long by 4 rows in width. Cages were separated across rows by 4 rows of mustard and within rows by 10 ft. TPB were placed in cages either before or after spraying (direct and indirect application). A RCB design was used with 4 blocks and 6 cages per treatment within a block (3 direct and 3 indirect applications) with 15 TPB per cage. Treatments were applied 9 Jul at 15 gpa with a 0.04% Kinetic solution as the carrier using a hand held CO2 powered boom sprayer at 35 psi with Twin Jet 8002 VS nozzles. The check was 0.04% Kinetic solution. Three, DAT, TPB were collected. Live TPB were placed in individual 30 ml plastic cups with a 2.5 cm piece of fresh green bean and monitored for mortality 3, 5, and 7 DAT. Dead TBP were placed in sporulation chambers (9 cm Petri dishes with moist filter paper) sealed with Parafilm and examined after 1 wk to assess mycoses. ANOVA and mean separation by LSD were performed using the arcsine/square root of the proportion dead from each cage.
A Threshold Management Test with Nucotn 33B, 1996
Authors: Burris E. , Cook D. R. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were eight rows (40 in spacing) X 45 ft. Transgenic cotton seed expressing the Bt delta endotoxin and seed of the non-transgenic parent line (DP 5415) were planted on 15 May, on a Commerce silt loam soil which was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 flat fan nozzles positioned in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and were calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. All plots received 0.5 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Terraclor Super X 2E at planting. Insecticide control measures were applied to treatments when boll worms and tobacco budworms first deposited eggs in Jul, and at 2, 5, and 7 percent BW/TBW/BAW damaged squares. The test was conducted in the presence ol high boll weevil population densities. Beet army worms were present in late Jul, Aug and Sep. Control of boll weevils and tarnished plant bugs was maintained on an “as needed” basis using the following treatments: Methyl parathion 4E, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) on 11 Jul; Vydate 3.77CLV, (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 30 Jul; Methyl parathion 4E, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) + Orthene 90S, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) on 6 Aug; Methyl parathion 4E, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) + Dimethoate 4E. (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 13 Aug; Baythroid 2E, (0.045 lb (AI)/acre) on 11 Sep. In addition to the overspray treatments listed above, the DP 5415 and NuCOTN 33B spray strategies (treatments 2 and 4) received the following insecticide treatments: Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 22 Jul; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 25 Jul; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 30 Jul; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 5 Aug; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 8 Aug. Cu-racron 8E, (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) + Pirate 3E, (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) + Vydate 3.77CLV, (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 15 Aug and Curacron 8E, (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) + Pi-rate 3 SC, (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) + Methyl parathion 4E (0.33 lb (AI)/acre on 26 Aug. Bollgard® threshold treatments 2% and 5% were sprayed with Karate IE, (0.033 lb (AI)/acre) on 8 Aug and Curacron 8E (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) + Pirate 3 SC (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) + Vydate 3.77 CLV, (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 15 Aug. All NuCOTN 33B threshold treatments were sprayed with Baythroid 2E (0.045 lb (AI)/acre), on 11 Sep. Plant terminals and squares were examined for BW/TBW eggs, larvae, damage and boll weevil damaged squares on 11, 24, 30 Jul, and 2, 8, 13 and 19 Aug. Terminals were examined on all dates except 19 Aug. The center four rows of the plots were harvested on 14 Oct to determine seedcotton yield. Plots were harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lb seedcotton/acre.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Cotton Aphids, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
One test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids in non-irrigated no-till cotton planted 5 May. Plots consisted of 3 rows (40 inch centers) X 45 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test area. Treatments were applied 21 Jun. Insecticides were applied with a hand-boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 25 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling five terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot at 3, 7, 10, and 14 DAT. Treatments were evaluated on 24, 28 Jun and 1, 5 Jul. Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm), and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. These plots received 0.03 and 0.08 inch rainfall on 22 and 24 Jun, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.