bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience among older adults with multimorbidity using the Connor-Davidson scale in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: health behaviour, socio-economic, and social support predictors
Authors: Wister Andrew , Li Lun , Ferris Jennifer , Kim Boah , Klasa Katarzyna , Linkov Igor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
Multimorbidity is recognized as a serious health condition faced by a majority of older adults. Research investigating adaptive responses to multimorbidity, termed multimorbidity resilience, has been growing. This paper examines protective and risk factors, with a focus on health behaviours, socio-economic resources, and social support using an established measure of resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) among older adults, focusing on older persons with two or more concurrent chronic conditions.

Methods
Using Baseline (2011–2015), Follow-up One (2015–2018), and Follow-up Two (2018–2021) data from the Comprehensive Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we tested hypotheses using 13,064 participants aged 65 years and older, who completed all waves and reported two or more of 27 chronic conditions, for the full sample of multimorbid individuals and three multimorbidity clusters: Cardiovascular/Metabolic, Musculoskeletal, and Mental Health. Associations between protective and risk factors and resilience were examined using linear regression to model the Connor-Davidson resilience scale, adjusting for illness context and social determinants of health.

Results
Among all multimorbid individuals, the strongest associations with resilience were found for higher self-rated health, greater sleep satisfaction, better appetite, higher household income, more relatives and friends, being overweight (compared to normal weight), fewer housing problems, and fewer skipped meals. Weaker associations were found for non-smokers, less alcohol consumption, less pain, sedentary behaviour, being non-married (compared to married), and among Canadian born (compared to foreign). The analyses for the three multimorbidity clusters were largely replicated for the three multimorbidity clusters, but with some nuances depending on the cluster.

Discussion
This research provides confirmatory evidence for several protective and risk factors affecting the ability to cope and recover from multimorbidity adversity among older adults. There are consistent patterns for the multimorbidity disease clusters, but some distinct relationships arise that are worthy of attention. The implications of the findings for modifiable health behaviours and socio-economic factors are discussed for their public health and clinical relevance.
Informed consent and coercion in recruitment advertisements for oocyte donors
Authors: Lake Ruby , Berzansky Isa , Lanes Andrea , Srouji Serene , Ginsburg Elizabeth , Insogna Iris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
As the use of donor eggs for in vitro treatment has increased, both medically affiliated and private donor egg agencies have turned to online advertisements to recruit donors. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine provides recommendations encouraging ethical recruitment of donors, however there is no formal regulation for the informed consent process for egg donor recruitment and compensation. Underrepresentation of risks and targeted financial incentives may pose a risk to the informed consent process.

Methods
Data from online advertisements for egg donors active between January 1 - August 31, 2020, were collected to analyze content related to risks, Covid-19 precautions, donor payment, and desired donor characteristics. Advertisements for egg donors on Google, Craigslist, and social media were analyzed. Primary outcomes included the mention of the risks of egg donation, including the risk of Covid-19 exposure, in donor egg advertisements. Secondary outcomes included language targeting specific donor characteristics and financial compensation.

Results
103 advertisements were included. 35.9% (37/103) of advertisements mentioned some risk of the egg donation process, and 18.5% (19/103) mentioned risks or precautions related to Covid-19 exposure. Of advertisements for private donor egg agencies, 40.7% (24/59) mentioned any risk, compared to 29.6% (13/44) of medically affiliated egg donation programs; the difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.24). Agencies targeting students and donors of a specific race were more likely to offer payments over $10,000 for an egg donation cycle. Among advertisements offering over $20,000 for donor compensation, 72.7% (8/11) recruited women under the age of 21.

Conclusion
Egg donor recruitment advertisements, for both medically affiliated programs and private agencies, were unlikely to mention risks including the risk of exposure to Covid-19. Non-medically affiliated private donor egg agencies were more likely to violate multiple American Society for Reproductive Medicine ethics guidelines, including offering higher than average compensation, and recruiting donors from young and vulnerable populations.
Super-resolution deep learning image reconstruction: image quality and myocardial homogeneity in coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Otgonbaatar Chuluunbaatar , Kim Hyunjung , Jeon Pil-Hyun , Jeon Sang-Hyun , Cha Sung-Jin , Ryu Jae-Kyun , Jung Won Beom , Shim Hackjoon , Ko Sung Min 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The recently introduced super-resolution (SR) deep learning image reconstruction (DLR) is potentially effective in reducing noise level and enhancing the spatial resolution. We aimed to investigate whether SR-DLR has advantages in the overall image quality and intensity homogeneity on coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography with four different approaches: filtered-back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR), DLR, and SR-DLR.

Methods
Sixty-three patients (mean age, 61 ± 11 years; range, 18–81 years; 40 men) who had undergone coronary CT angiography between June and October 2022 were retrospectively included. Image noise, signal to noise ratio, and contrast to noise ratio were quantified in both proximal and distal segments of the major coronary arteries. The left ventricle myocardium contrast homogeneity was analyzed. Two independent reviewers scored overall image quality, image noise, image sharpness, and myocardial homogeneity.

Results
Image noise in Hounsfield units (HU) was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for the SR-DLR (11.2 ± 2.0 HU) compared to those associated with other image reconstruction methods including FBP (30.5 ± 10.5 HU), hybrid IR (20.0 ± 5.4 HU), and DLR (14.2 ± 2.5 HU) in both proximal and distal segments. SR-DLR significantly improved signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio in both the proximal and distal segments of the major coronary arteries. No significant difference was observed in the myocardial CT attenuation with SR-DLR among different segments of the left ventricle myocardium (P = 0.345). Conversely, FBP and hybrid IR resulted in inhomogeneous myocardial CT attenuation (P < 0.001). Two reviewers graded subjective image quality with SR-DLR higher than other image reconstruction techniques (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
SR-DLR improved image quality, demonstrated clearer delineation of distal segments of coronary arteries, and was seemingly accurate for quantifying CT attenuation in the myocardium.
Dissecting the Prediagnostic Journey to Identify Opportunities for Early Detection of Esophageal Cancer: Findings From a High-Risk Area in Rural China
Authors: He Yu , Li Fenglei , Guo Chuanhai , Quaresma Manuela , He Zhonghu , Ke Yang , dos-Santos-Silva Isabel 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE Survival from esophageal cancer (EC) is poor, partly reflecting the delay in diagnosis. To inform the potential measures for downstaging the disease, we estimated diagnosis delay, that is, the length of interval from symptom-to-diagnosis (STD), and investigated its correlates among patients with EC in a high-risk resource-limited rural area in China. METHODS Patients newly diagnosed with EC (N = 411) were recruited in a secondary hospital in Henan province in China between August 1, 2018, and October 21, 2020. A face-to-face structured questionnaire was used to collect patient-level and health-seeking data from patients and/or proxies. Association between the length of STD interval and stage at diagnosis was examined using logistic regression. Correlates of the length of the STD interval were identified using negative binomial regression. RESULTS The median STD interval was 61 (IQR, 24-155) days, with the time from symptom onset to first health care contact representing 90.1% (IQR, 7.8%-100%) of its length. The odds of being diagnosed at stages III-IV increased by 3% (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.08]) for every 2-month increase in the STD interval. Higher awareness of EC risk factors was associated with shorter STD intervals (incidence rate ratio [95% CI] for awareness score ≥2 v ≤0: 0.65 [0.46 to 0.93]), whereas patients who first visited secondary or tertiary/cancer hospitals had much longer STD intervals than those who first visited a primary health care facility (1.69 [1.19 to 2.40]; 2.22 [1.24 to 3.97]). CONCLUSION The median length of the STD interval was 2 months, but with considerable interindividual variability. Improving EC awareness, coupled with effective referral pathways, may promote timely diagnosis of this disease.
Greater Urinary Calcium Excretion Is Associated With Diminished Bone Accrual in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Weber David R , O’Brien Kimberly O , Ballester Lance , Rackovsky Noya , Graulich Bethany , Schwartz George J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
The adverse skeletal effects of type 1 diabetes (T1D) include deficient bone accrual and lifelong increased fracture risk. The contributors to impaired bone accrual in people with T1D are incompletely understood.

Objective
To determine if urinary calcium excretion is associated with impaired bone accrual in youth with T1D and to characterize the contribution of glycemic control and markers of bone mineral metabolism to urinary calcium excretion.

Design
Observational study.

Participants
Fifty participants with T1D aged 6 to 20 years completed a 12-month longitudinal study of bone accrual. A second cohort of 99 similarly aged participants with T1D completed cross-sectional 24-hour urine and blood collections.

Main Outcome Measure
Whole body less head bone mineral content (WBLH BMC) velocity Z-score and fractional excretion of calcium (FeCa).

Results
Participants in the bone accrual cohort had lower WBLH BMC velocity compared to a healthy reference dataset (Z-score −0.3 ± 1.0, P = .03). FeCa was negatively associated with WBLH BMC velocity Z-score, ρ = −0.47, P = .001. In the urinary calcium excretion cohort, intact PTH (β = −0.4, P = .01), beta c-telopeptide (β = 0.35, P = .007), and either hemoglobin A1c (β = 0.08, P = .03) or urine fractional glucose excretion (β = 0.07, P = .03) were associated with FeCa in multivariable regression models that included known determinants of urinary calcium excretion.

Conclusion
Urinary calcium excretion was negatively associated with bone accrual in this cohort of youth with T1D. Mechanistic studies are needed to determine if interventions to reduce urinary calcium excretion could increase bone accrual and reduce skeletal fragility in people with T1D.
Insights into the molecular bases of multicellular development from brown algae
Authors: Batista Rita A. , Wang Liping , Bogaert Kenny A. , Coelho Susana M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The transition from simple to complex multicellularity represents a major evolutionary step that occurred in only a few eukaryotic lineages. Comparative analyses of these lineages provide insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving this transition, but limited understanding of the biology of some complex multicellular lineages, such as brown algae, has hampered progress. This Review explores how recent advances in genetic and genomic technologies now allow detailed investigations into the molecular bases of brown algae development. We highlight how forward genetic techniques have identified mutants that enhance our understanding of pattern formation and sexual differentiation in these organisms. Additionally, the existence and nature of morphogens in brown algae and the potential influence of the microbiome in key developmental processes are examined. Outstanding questions, such as the identity of master regulators, the definition and characterization of cell types, and the molecular bases of developmental plasticity are discussed, with insights into how recent technical advances could provide answers. Overall, this Review highlights how brown algae are emerging as alternative model organisms, contributing to our understanding of the evolution of multicellular life and the diversity of body plans.
Using interpretive description to facilitate women's contributions to maternity care: experiences and views of obstetric fistula prevention
Authors: Bulndi Lydia Babatunde , Bayes Sara , Ireson Deborah , Adama Esther 
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims Interpretive description is a qualitative methodology that combines detailed descriptions with thoughtful interpretation. This approach is especially effective for producing practical insights and deepening the understanding of phenomena in clinical or practice-based settings. The aims of this study were to explore how interpretive description could be used to research the experiences and views of women with obstetric fistula. Methods Interpretive description was used to explore the experiences and views of 15 purposively selected women affected by obstetric fistula. Participants were recruited via the Evangel Vesico Vaginal Fistula Centre of Bingham University Teaching Hospital. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and concurrently analysed thematically. Results Interpretive description provided women with a unique opportunity to share their experiences of the causes and avoidable risk factors of obstetric fistula. The approach yielded qualitative findings and allowed for the representation of different views, leading to an understanding of how to mitigate obstetric fistula in the community. Conclusions Interpretive description was used to listen to the voices of women affected by obstetric fistula, learn from their experiences and highlight the interventions that may alter risk factors for the condition in the community. This is the first study to use interpretive description to facilitate under-represented women's contributions to maternity care by listening to their experiences and views. This enabled identification of gaps in maternity care provision, which would be of interest to the community and health service leaders as well as policymakers in sub-Saharan Africa. Implications for practice Interpretive description allows for deep capture of women's perspectives, allowing implementation of interventions designed to target issues as perceived by those most affected. This also ensures that under-represented groups are included in the research process.
Application Value of a Machine Learning Model in Predicting Mild Depression Associated with Migraine without Aura
Authors: Cui Sheng-wei , Pei1 Pei , Yang Wen-ming 
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background To investigate the application value of a machine learning model in predicting mild depression associated with migraine without aura (MwoA). Methods 178 patients with MwoA admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected as subjects. According to their inpatient medical records, 38 patients were selected as the validation group by random number method, and the remaining 140 patients were included in the modelling group. According to the diagnosis results, the patients in the modelling group and validation group were further divided into a MwoA with mild depression group and a MwoA without mild depression group. Results The results of univariate analysis and Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, course of disease, attack frequency, headache duration, Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS), and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) score were independent influencing factors for mild depression in MwoA patients (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis results showed that the area under the curve of the established prediction model for MwoA patients with mild depression in the modelling group and the validation group was 0.982 and 0.901, respectively, the sensitivity was 0.978 and 0.857, respectively, and the specificity was 0.892 and 0.929, respectively. Conclusion Gender, course of disease, seizure frequency, headache duration, MIDAS score, and HIT-6 score are independent influencing factors for mild depression in patients with MwoA. The model displays good performance for the prediction of mild depression in patients with MwoA.
Steven-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is Associated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Usage: A Case Series
Authors: Cao Riqu , Xu Tianhong 
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background The increasing adoption of inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in the treatment of multiple cancer types in China has started to garner broader attention due to the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially life-threatening skin reactions such as Steven-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Isolated case reports have described SJS/TEN associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors usage. In this paper, we presented a series of cases of SJS/TEN following the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in a dermatology hospital located in Zhejiang Province of China in the past several years, summarizing characteristics of these cases and providing a reference of management. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all the medical records of inpatients diagnosed with SJS/TEN in the Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital from 2012 to 2024. We analyzed and compared the situation of SJS/TEN onset, types of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors used, score of severity, laboratory findings, and essential therapies of the patients who had received PD-1/PD-L1. Results We identified 12 SJS/TEN patients who had been treated with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors: sintilimab had been used in six patients; tislelizumab in two cases; toripalimab, keytruda and cadonilimab each in one case; and an unknown prescription in one case. The longest duration between the first PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor dose and the SJS/TEN diagnosis recorded was nine months whereas the shortest was 11 days. Half of the selected patients received chemotherapy at the same time. More than two types of therapies were applied to the cases, except for two cases with mild SJS. Conclusion This study unveils a potential, under-recognized cause of SJS/TEN in the cancer patients after analyzing the cases of SJS/TEN in cancer patients with prior exposure to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. This paper also provides clue about the prominent features of SJS/TEN aforesaid, offering insights on the effective management measures for optimizing clinical safety.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering as a New Tool to Evaluate Moisture-Induced Swelling in the Nanostructure of Chemically Modified Wood Cell Walls*
Authors: Plaza Nayomi Z. , Jakes Joseph E. , Frihart Charles R. , Hunt Christopher G. , Yelle Daniel J. , Lorenz Linda F. , Heller William T. , Pingali Sai Venkatesh , Stone Donald S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wood-based products can be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional construction materials because of their reduced contribution to air and water pollution. An integral component of these products is often an adhesive. Because wood is hygroscopic, moisture-induced swelling in the cell walls near the wood–adhesive bond lines can lead to durability and performance issues. Unfortunately, researchers working toward improving the moisture durability of forest products are hindered by an incomplete understanding of the nanoscale mechanisms that contribute to moisture-induced swelling in wood and how chemical modifications affect the swelling. Therefore, we developed small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) into a tool that can study the 1- to 100-nm structure of unmodified and chemically modified wood cell walls and can measure the effects of moisture in this structure. In this study, SANS was used to reveal the nanostructure of a deuterium-labeled phenol-formaldehyde (dPF) adhesive infiltrated into wood cell walls. The results revealed that the dPF infiltrated the water-accessible regions between the elementary fibrils inside the wood cell walls. These results provide the new insight that adhesive infiltration into the cellulose microfibril (a bundle of elementary fibrils) may be a key to designing moisture-durable wood adhesives.
Syntheses of Diethylene Tricarbamide–Formaldehyde and Copolymer Resins and Their Low Formaldehyde-Emitting Binder Performance of Wood Composite Board
Authors: Kim Moon G. , Lee Sang-yeop , Sukhbaatar Badamkhand 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diethylene tricarbamide–formaldehyde (DF) resins were investigated for syntheses at low mole ratios and at about 60 percent resin solids levels in water as low formaldehyde-emitting binders of wood composite boards. Tri-functional monomer D was shown to react readily with formaldehyde to form hydroxymethyl groups that then react to form methylene bonds between molecules to form DF resins of water-soluble oligomeric condensation products, similar to urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. DF resins showed a better storage life and longer pot life than, and similar cure times as, UF resins. DF resins also bonded laboratory particleboard as effectively as UF resins in terms of hot-pressing parameters and resultant boards' physical properties, while the formaldehyde content (FC) values of boards were lower by about 75 percent than UF resins, at about 2.3 to 4.4 mg/100 g wood by the Perforator method, significantly below the current regulation levels. Copolymer resins made with up to 15 percent urea substitutions performed equally well as particleboard binders with only slightly increased FC values, indicating some cost savings possible for industry. Copolymer resins made with up to 25 percent melamine also performed well with similarly low FC values and improved the physical properties of boards, indicating some lowering of loading levels of resin solids possible for industry, especially in the formulating of face layer resins. DF and copolymer resins are considered to be adaptable in current resin and board manufacturing plants to produce wood composite boards with a low formaldehyde emission potentials and without loss of productivity and board quality, a problem present in the current wood composites manufacturing industries.