bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Potential/RANS Interactive Method for the Prediction of Propulsor Performance
Authors: Su Yiran , Kinnas Spyros A. 
Published: August 2017

This article introduces a generalized potential/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) interactive method for the prediction of propulsor performance with an emphasis on the calculation of the steady (axisymmetric) or the time-averaged (non-axisymmetric) effective wake fields. In the RANS solver, the propeller boundary is represented by local source terms. Therefore, this method can be used to efficiently handle different types of propulsor-related multicomponent interaction problems. The scheme is first validated by an open propeller application with a uniform inflow and then applied to a vortical-inflow-propeller interaction case, a contra-rotating propeller case, as well as a hull-rudder-propeller interaction case. Results are compared with RANS (with the propeller modeled as wall boundaries) and experiments.

1. Introduction
Predictions of propeller efficiency, propeller forces, and propeller cavitation patterns are of great importance in maritime and offshore industry. These predictions are directly related to fuel efficiency, structural vibration analysis, and noise control. To accurately evaluate the propeller performance, it is essential to consider the mutual influence between the ship hull and the propeller, between different propellers if multiple propellers are used, and between different rows of a propeller if multirow propulsion is employed.
To predict the flow field around multiple bodies, finite volume methods are commonly used. In these methods, the fluid domain is usually split into one static domain and one (or several) revolving domain(s) and a mixing plane condition is applied to the sliding interfaces between different domains (Zhuang et al. 2004; Sanchez-Caja et al. 2009). The mixing plane condition circumferentially averages certain fluid quantities on each side of the interface and uses these averaged quantities as the boundary condition to the other side. This treatment neglects the unsteady component of the interaction effect between different bodies (between ship hull/propeller or between different rows of the propeller) so that the problem can be solved as steady. The computational cost of this method can range from several hours to several days depending on the size of the mesh, the type of the propeller, and the computing power (Kinnas et al. 2015). In fact, when the mixing plane condition is applied to the sliding interfaces, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method (RANS) actually solves for the mean performance of the propeller. On the other hand, if the mixing plane condition is not applied, RANS can be solved as unsteady, but the computational cost will be much higher.
ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES ET RÉSILIENCE : EFFETS DES ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES SUR LE BIEN-ÊTRE PHYSIQUE ET PSYCHOLOGIQUE
Authors: Reed Brianna , Hu Selia , Tugade Michele M. , Bouffard Léandre 
Published: August 2017

L’article présente la théorie de Fredrickson sur les émotions positives dite « expansion et construction » (broaden and build) ainsi que des résultats qui la soutiennent. Dans le contexte de cette théorie, nous discutons des bienfaits de l’expansion et de la construction des émotions positives sur la santé physique et psychologique : une résilience aguerrie, des stratégies efficaces face au stress ainsi que la récupération physiologique à la suite d’expériences négatives. Enfin, nous présentons un bref aperçu des approches passées et actuelles pour l’étude des émotions positives et nous proposons de nouvelles techniques pour la mesure de ces émotions en utilisant les nouvelles technologies mobiles.
L’apport de Maryvonne Kendergi à la smcq
Authors: Bail Louise 
Published: August 2017

Pour mesurer l’apport de Maryvonne Kendergi à la smcq, il est nécessaire de survoler sa carrière québécoise en s’appuyant sur la solide formation universitaire et professionnelle que lui dispensèrent les institutions parisiennes (1929-1952). De passage à Montréal, elle est retenue par Radio-Canada pour sa voix exceptionnelle et commence, en septembre 1956, une brillante carrière radiophonique de promotrice de la musique contemporaine. Graduellement, Kendergi intègre les arcanes de l’avant-garde montréalaise, grâce, entre autres, à la venue de Stockhausen à Montréal en 1958, aux projets des compositeurs dans l’organisation de la Semaine internationale de musique actuelle (1961) et dans la fondation de la smcq (1966), puis au rayonnement de celle-ci, liant ses activités à celles de l’Université de Montréal avec la mise sur pied des Musialogues (1969). Se dégage de l’article, le rôle qu’amenèrent à jouer les exceptionnelles compétences de Kendergi dans l’expansion de la smcq.
Skin bacterial microbiome of a generalist Puerto Rican frog varies along elevation and land use gradients
Authors: Hughey Myra C. , Pena Janelle A. , Reyes Roberto , Medina Daniel , Belden Lisa K. , Burrowes Patricia A. 
Published: August 2017

Host-associated microbial communities are ubiquitous among animals, and serve important functions. For example, the bacterial skin microbiome of amphibians can play a role in preventing or reducing infection by the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Evidence suggests that environmental bacteria likely serve as a source pool for at least some of the members of the amphibian skin bacterial community, underscoring the potential for local environmental changes to disrupt microbial community source pools that could be critical to the health of host organisms. However, few studies have assessed variation in the amphibian skin microbiome along clear environmental gradients, and so we know relatively little about how local environmental conditions influence microbiome diversity. We sampled the skin bacterial communities of Coqui frogs, Eleutherodactylus coqui (N = 77), along an elevational gradient in eastern Puerto Rico (0–875 m), with transects in two land use types: intact forest (N = 4 sites) and disturbed (N = 3 sites) forest. We found that alpha diversity (as assessed by Shannon, Simpson, and Phylogenetic Diversity indices) varied across sites, but this variation was not correlated with elevation or land use. Beta diversity (community structure), on the other hand, varied with site, elevation and land use, primarily due to changes in the relative abundance of certain bacterial OTUs (∼species) within these communities. Importantly, although microbiome diversity varied, E. coqui maintained a common core microbiota across all sites. Thus, our findings suggest that environmental conditions can influence the composition of the skin microbiome of terrestrial amphibians, but that some aspects of the microbiome remain consistent despite environmental variation.
The microbial biosphere of the coral Acropora cervicornis in Northeastern Puerto Rico
Authors: Godoy-Vitorino Filipa , Ruiz-Diaz Claudia P. , Rivera-Seda Abigail , Ramírez-Lugo Juan S. , Toledo-Hernández Carlos 
Published: August 2017

Background
Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystems in the marine realm, and they not only contribute a plethora of ecosystem services to other marine organisms, but they also are beneficial to humankind via, for instance, their role as nurseries for commercially important fish species. Corals are considered holobionts (host + symbionts) since they are composed not only of coral polyps, but also algae, other microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In recent years, Caribbean reef corals, including the once-common scleractinian coral Acropora cervicornis, have suffered unprecedented mortality due to climate change-related stressors. Unfortunately, our basic knowledge of the molecular ecophysiology of reef corals, particularly with respect to their complex bacterial microbiota, is currently too poor to project how climate change will affect this species. For instance, we do not know how light influences microbial communities of A. cervicornis, arguably the most endangered of all Caribbean coral species. To this end, we characterized the microbiota of A. cervicornis inhabiting water depths with different light regimes.

Methods
Six A. cervicornis fragments from different individuals were collected at two different depths (three at 1.5 m and three at 11 m) from a reef 3.2 km off the northeastern coast of Puerto Rico. We characterized the microbial communities by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene region V4 with the Illumina platform.

Results
A total of 173,137 good-quality sequences were binned into 803 OTUs with a 97% similarity. We uncovered eight bacterial phyla at both depths with a dominance of 725 Rickettsiales OTUs (Proteobacteria). A fewer number (38) of low dominance OTUs varied by depth and taxa enriched in shallow water corals included Proteobacteria (e.g. Rhodobacteraceae and Serratia) and Firmicutes (Streptococcus). Those enriched in deeper water corals featured different Proteobacterial taxa (Campylobacterales and Bradyrhizobium) and Firmicutes (Lactobacillus).

Discussion
Our results confirm that the microbiota of A. cervicornis inhabiting the northeastern region of Puerto Rico is dominated by a Rickettsiales-like bacterium and that there are significant changes in less dominant taxa at different water depths. These changes in less dominant taxa may potentially impact the coral’s physiology, particularly with respect to its ability to respond to future increases in temperature and CO2.
Experimental moose reduction lowers wolf density and stops decline of endangered caribou
Authors: Serrouya Robert , McLellan Bruce N. , van Oort Harry , Mowat Garth , Boutin Stan 
Published: August 2017

The expansion of moose into southern British Columbia caused the decline and extirpation of woodland caribou due to their shared predators, a process commonly referred to as apparent competition. Using an adaptive management experiment, we tested the hypothesis that reducing moose to historic levels would reduce apparent competition and therefor recover caribou populations. Nested within this broad hypothesis were three specific hypotheses: (1) sport hunting could be used to substantially reduce moose numbers to an ecological target; (2) wolves in this ecosystem were primarily limited by moose abundance; and (3) caribou were limited by wolf predation. These hypotheses were evaluated with a before-after control-impact (BACI) design that included response metrics such as population trends and vital rates of caribou, moose, and wolves. Three caribou subpopulations were subject to the moose reduction treatment and two were in a reference area where moose were not reduced. When the moose harvest was increased, the moose population declined substantially in the treatment area (by 70%) but not the reference area, suggesting that the policy had the desired effect and was not caused by a broader climatic process. Wolf numbers subsequently declined in the treatment area, with wolf dispersal rates 2.5× greater, meaning that dispersal was the likely mechanism behind the wolf numerical response, though reduced recruitment and starvation was also documented in the treatment area. Caribou adult survival increased from 0.78 to 0.88 in the treatment area, but declined in the reference. Caribou recruitment was unaffected by the treatment. The largest caribou subpopulation stabilized in the treatment area, but declined in the reference area. The observed population stability is comparable to other studies that used intensive wolf control, but is insufficient to achieve recovery, suggesting that multiple limiting factors and corresponding management tools must be addressed simultaneously to achieve population growth.
The Brazilian version of the 20-item rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine and dentistry
Authors: Cruvinel Agnes Fátima P. , Méndez Daniela Alejandra C. , Oliveira Juliana G. , Gutierres Eliézer , Lotto Matheus , Machado Maria Aparecida A.M. , Oliveira Thaís M. , Cruvinel Thiago 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe misunderstanding of specific vocabulary may hamper the patient-health provider communication. The 20-item Rapid Estimate Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALMD-20) was constructed to screen patients by their ability in reading medical/dental terminologies in a simple and rapid way. This study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of this instrument for its application in Brazilian dental patients.MethodsThe cross-cultural adaptation was performed through conceptual equivalence, verbatim translation, semantic, item and operational equivalence, and back-translation. After that, 200 participants responded the adapted version of the REALMD-20, the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), ten questions of the Brazilian National Functional Literacy Index (BNFLI), and a questionnaire with socio-demographic and oral health-related questions. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the REALMD-20 (P < 0.05).ResultsThe sample was composed predominantly by women (55.5%) and white/brown (76%) individuals, with an average age of 39.02 years old (±15.28). The average REALMD-20 score was 17.48 (±2.59, range 8–20). It displayed a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.789) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.73; 95% CI [0.66 − 0.79]). In the exploratory factor analysis, six factors were extracted according to Kaiser’s criterion. The factor I (eigenvalue = 4.53) comprised four terms—“Jaundice”, “Amalgam”, “Periodontitis” and“Abscess”—accounted for 25.18% of total variance, while the factor II (eigenvalue = 1.88) comprised other four terms—“Gingivitis”, “Instruction”, “Osteoporosis” and “Constipation”—accounted for 10.46% of total variance. The first four factors accounted for 52.1% of total variance. The REALMD-20 was positively correlated with the BREALD-30 (Rs = 0.73,P < 0.001) and BNFLI (Rs = 0.60,P < 0.001). The scores were significantly higher among health professionals, more educated people, and individuals who reported good/excellent oral health conditions, and who sought preventive dental services. Distinctly, REALMD-20 scores were similar between both participants who visited a dentist <1 year ago and ≥1 year. Also, REALMD-20 was a significant predictor of self-reported oral health status in a multivariate logistic regression model, considering socio-demographic and oral health-related confounding variables.ConclusionThe Brazilian version of the REALMD-20 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for screening dental patients in relation to their recognition of health specific terms. This instrument can contribute to identify individuals with important dental/medical vocabulary limitations in order to improve the health education and outcomes in a person-centered care model.
Orquestrando Laboratórios Cidadãos: Um Estudo de Caso no TransLAB
Authors: Silva Silvio Bitencourt da 
Published: August 2017

<p>Neste estudo de caso, é analisado como o TransLAB, um laboratório cidadão, exerce a sua orquestração, uma capacidade dinâmica necessária à coordenação de uma rede de inovação aberta e centrada no usuário, na qual predominam inovações sociais. De forma orgânica, todas as pessoas envolvidas nas atividades do laboratório contribuem na sua coordenação por meio de ações específicas de acordo com cada projeto. São observadas evidências das seis dimensões de orquestração de redes de inovação: definição da agenda, mobilização, mobilidade e apropriabilidade do conhecimento, estabilidade da rede e coordenação. O exercício do papel do TransLAB como orquestrador demonstra haver proximidade com os laboratórios que integram a EnoLL no Brasil e de outras iniciativas em curso nas quais predominam o desenvolvimento de inovações sociais. Neste estudo, a orquestração de redes de inovação é observada como um reflexo de outros elementos distintos, porém, interdependentes, dos quais é possível sugerir aprofundamentos futuros: 1) o contexto que se refere ao ambiente no qual a rede se insere; 2) a capacidade em desenvolver, gerir e coordenar uma rede de inovação, representada pela ideia da orquestração; 3) a estrutura da rede; 4) as saídas de inovação e seus processos; e 5) o alinhamento dos processos de orquestração de redes de inovação quando voltadas ao desenvolvimento de inovações sociais.</p>
Mapping subduction interface coupling using magnetotellurics: Hikurangi margin, New Zealand
Authors: Heise W. , Caldwell T. G. , Bannister S. , Bertrand E. A. , Ogawa Y. , Bennie S. L. , Ichihara H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe observation of slow‐slip, seismic tremor, and low‐frequency earthquakes at subduction margins has provided new insight into the mechanisms by which stress accumulates between large subduction (megathrust) earthquakes. However, the relationship between the physical properties of the subduction interface and the nature of the controls on interplate seismic coupling is not fully understood. Using magnetotelluric data, we show in situ that an electrically resistive patch on the Hikurangi subduction interface corresponds with an area of increased coupling inferred from geodetic data. This resistive patch must reflect a decrease in the fluid or sediment content of the interface shear zone. Together, the magnetotelluric and geodetic data suggest that the frictional coupling of this part on the Hikurangi margin may be controlled by the interface fluid and sediment content: the resistive patch marking a fluid‐ and sediment‐starved area with an increased density of small, seismogenic‐asperities, and therefore a greater likelihood of subduction earthquake nucleation.
ENSO‐based probabilistic forecasts of March–May U.S. tornado and hail activity
Authors: Lepore Chiara , Tippett Michael K. , Allen John T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExtended logistic regression is used to predict March–May severe convective storm (SCS) activity based on the preceding December–February (DJF) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) state. The spatially resolved probabilistic forecasts are verified against U.S. tornado counts, hail events, and two environmental indices for severe convection. The cross‐validated skill is positive for roughly a quarter of the U.S. Overall, indices are predicted with more skill than are storm reports, and hail events are predicted with more skill than tornado counts. Skill is higher in the cool phase of ENSO (La Niña like) when overall SCS activity is higher. SCS forecasts based on the predicted DJF ENSO state from coupled dynamical models initialized in October of the previous year extend the lead time with only a modest reduction in skill compared to forecasts based on the observed DJF ENSO state.
Mapping fluids to subduction megathrust locking and slip behavior
Authors: Saffer Demian M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn subduction zones, high fluid content and pore pressure are thought to promote aseismic creep, whereas well‐drained conditions are thought to promote locking and failure in earthquakes. However, observations directly linking fluid content and seismic coupling remain elusive. Heise et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074641) use a magnetotelluric survey to image the electrical resistivity structure of the northern Hikurangi subduction thrust to ~30 km depth, as an indicator of interconnected fluid content. The authors document a clear correlation between high resistivity and a distinct geodetically locked patch and between conductive areas and weak coupling. Their study, together with other recent geophysical investigations, provides new evidence for the role of fluids in governing subduction thrust locking.
Complex climatic and CO2 controls on net primary productivity of temperate dryland ecosystems over central Asia during 1980–2014
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ren Wei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCentral Asia covers a large land area of 5 × 106 km2 and has unique temperate dryland ecosystems, with over 80% of the world's temperate deserts, which has been experiencing dramatic warming and drought in the recent decades. How the temperate dryland responds to complex climate change, however, is still far from clear. This study quantitatively investigates terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in responses to temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 during 1980–2014, by using the Arid Ecosystem Model, which can realistically predict ecosystems' responses to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 according to model evaluation against 28 field experiments/observations. The simulation results show that unlike other middle‐/high‐latitude regions, NPP in central Asia declined by 10% (0.12 × 1015 g C) since the 1980s in response to a warmer and drier climate. The dryland's response to warming was weak, while its cropland was sensitive to the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE). However, the CFE was inhibited by the long‐term drought from 1998 to 2008 and the positive effect of warming on photosynthesis was largely offset by the enhanced water deficit. The complex interactive effects among climate drivers, unique responses from diverse ecosystem types, and intensive and heterogeneous climatic changes led to highly complex NPP changing patterns in central Asia, of which 69% was dominated by precipitation variation and 20% and 9% was dominated by CO2 and temperature, respectively. The Turgay Plateau in northern Kazakhstan and southern Xinjiang in China are hot spots of NPP degradation in response to climate change during the past three decades and in the future.
Mechanistic Insight into Weak Base‐Catalyzed Generation of Carbon Monoxide from Phenyl Formate and Its Application to Catalytic Carbonylation at Room Temperature without Use of External Carbon Monoxide Gas
Authors: Konishi Hideyuki , Matsubara Mika , Mori Keisuke , Tokiwa Takaki , Arulmozhiraja Sundaram , Yamamoto Yuta , Ishikawa Yoshinobu , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Shigeta Yasuteru , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Manabe Kei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mechanisms of the weak base‐catalyzed generation of carbon monoxide (CO) and phenol from phenyl formate were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. Kinetic studies revealed a first‐order reaction in both phenyl formate and the base. The reaction was found to proceed by an E2 α‐elimination pathway, which involves the abstraction of the formyl proton of phenyl formate, simultaneously generating CO and phenoxide. The reaction rate was affected by the substituents on phenyl formate, the polarity of solvents, and the basicity of bases. The mechanistic insight obtained from these studies permitted the chemical control of the rate of CO generation, which was the key to the development of the external CO‐free Pd‐catalyzed phenoxycarbonylation of haloarenes at room temperature. Because of the mild reaction conditions and wide substrate scope, this phenoxycarbonylation constitutes a general, safe, and practical method to synthesize arenecarboxylic acid esters.magnified image
Direct Organocatalytic Multicomponent Synthesis of Enantiopure γ‐Butyrolactones via Tandem Knoevenagel‐Michael‐Lactonization Sequence
Authors: Khopade Tushar M. , Sonawane Amol D. , Arora Jyotsna S. , Bhat Ramakrishna G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn expedient and straightforward protocol is developed for the synthesis of highly enantiopure synthesis of γ‐butyrolactones. For the first time, one pot enantioselective organocatalytic multicomponent reaction (OMCR) is explored to construct functionalized butyrolactones without the use of pre‐functionalized substrates and expensive transition metals. The protocol is proved to be reproducible on a gram scale. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations strongly support the mechanism and were in close agreement with the observed high stereoselectivity.magnified image