bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DDoS attacks on data plane of software‐defined network: are they possible?
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Liu Meng , Dou Wanchun , Yu Shui 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWith software‐defined networking (SDN) becoming the leading technology for large‐scale networks, it is definitely expected that SDN will suffer various types of distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attacks because of its centralized control logic. However, almost all of existing works concentrate on the controller overloading DDoS attacks, while vulnerabilities exposed by data plane of SDN for DDoS attacks are largely ignored. In this paper, we firstly investigate a flow rule flooding DDoS attack. By thoroughly analyzing the flow table size and miss rate, we find that attackers are able to inflict significant performance degradation over the system with limited volume of attack resource. We then prove that it is possible for attackers to maximize the performance degradation and minimize the attack rate at the same time. Besides the flooding DDoS attack, we also study a novel DDoS attack targeting data plane of SDN. By utilizing the entry lifetime management mechanism of flow tables, this attack almost never exhibits an intensive controller access behavior. It flies under the radar by inflicting non‐notable performance impact on the system, while it creates heavy long‐term financial burden on the target application. Finally, we present a potential countermeasure for this stealthy DDoS attack. Through extensive experiments, we conclude that DDoS attacks targeting data plane are possible. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee mobility, spin‐outs, and knowledge spill‐in: How incumbent firms can learn from new ventures
Authors: Kim Ji Youn (Rose) , Steensma H. Kevin 
Published: December 2016

Research summary:We consider conditions in which incumbent firms are particularly poised to benefit from knowledge spilling in from new ventures that employ individuals previously employed by the focal incumbent firm. We distinguish between inventors who leave their incumbent employers to found spin‐outs and those who become non‐founding employees of existing new ventures. Using a sample of new ventures and incumbent firms in theU.S. information technology (IT) sector, we find that incumbents are more likely to benefit from patented knowledge that spills in from their spin‐outs than from new ventures that employ non‐founding inventors formerly employed by the respective incumbent. Any advantage that parent firms have in reaping such knowledge quickly dissipates, however, when these parents have a history of misappropriating the intellectual property of others.Managerial summary:It has long been acknowledged that new ventures can acquire valuable knowledge from their larger and more established counterparts by hiring away their talented employees. We consider the possibility of a reverse flow of knowledge where established firms learn from those new ventures that have poached employees from them. We find that established information technology (IT) firms are more likely to learn and build on the technology of their spin‐outs (i.e., new ventures founded by their former inventors) than from new ventures that simply employ non‐founding inventors formerly employed by the respectiveITfirm. Any advantage that theseITfirms had in reaping technical know‐how from their spin‐outs quickly dissipated, however, when they had a history of misappropriating the intellectual property of others. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient Perspectives on Intimate Partner Violence Discussion during Genetic Counseling Sessions
Authors: Chen Christina , Greb Anne , Kalia Isha , Bajaj Komal , Klugman Susan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a major health concern in the United States (ACOG 2013). The World Health Organization (WHO) describes IPV as any physical, sexual, psychological harm by a current or former intimate partner (WHO 2016). Due to the psychosocial depth and nature of discussions within genetic counseling sessions, patients may disclose and/or discuss IPV as it relates to sexual well‐being, reproductive and overall health. This study aims to assess the role for IPV screening, counseling and intervention in genetic counseling practice by investigating the incidence, experiences and attitudes about IPV among genetic counseling patients. Patients receiving genetic counseling at an urban metropolitan hospital were anonymously surveyed about experiences and perspectives on IPV as a topic of discussion during genetic counseling sessions. Among 60 eligible patients, 50 completed the survey (49 females, 1 male, of which, 5 identified as LGBT) ages 20 to 66. The incidence of IPV in this group was 16.0 % (n = 8). Majority of participants had never been asked about IPV by a healthcare provider (n = 32; 64.0%), would have felt comfortable answering questions about IPV by their healthcare provider (n = 34; 68.0%), and would have felt comfortable answering questions about IPV by their genetic counselor (n = 39; 78.0%). Perspectives from all participants, notably those with IPV history, provided insights to the role of genetic counselors in areas for IPV screening and counseling training.
Tolerability of ORM‐12741 and effects on episodic memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rinne Juha O. , Wesnes Keith , Cummings Jeffrey L. , Hakulinen Pasi , Hallikainen Merja , Hänninen Jutta , Murphy Michael , Riordan Henry , Scheinin Mika , Soininen Hilkka , Rouru Juha 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionORM‐12741 is a novel selective antagonist of alpha‐2C adrenoceptors. This trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of ORM‐12741 in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, exploratory phase 2a trial was conducted in 100 subjects with AD and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Participants were randomized to receive one of two flexible doses of ORM‐12741 (30–60 mg or 100–200 mg) or placebo b.i.d. for 12 weeks in addition to standard therapy with cholinesterase inhibitors. Efficacy was assessed primarily with the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) computerized assessment system and secondarily with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).ResultsA statistically significant treatment effect was seen in one of the four primary CDR system end points, Quality of Episodic Memory (P = .030; not adjusted for multiple comparisons), favoring ORM‐12741 over placebo. NPI caregiver distress scores also favored ORM‐12741 (P = .034). ORM‐12741 was well tolerated.DiscussionThis is the first clinical trial providing evidence on an acceptable safety profile for ORM‐12741 in patients with AD and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In addition, the trial provided hints of potential therapeutic benefit, primarily on episodic memory, in this patient population.
The deterministic Kermack‒McKendrick model bounds the general stochastic epidemic
Authors: Wilkinson Robert R. , Ball Frank G. , Sharkey Kieran J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We prove that, for Poisson transmission and recovery processes, the classic susceptible→infected→recovered (SIR) epidemic model of Kermack and McKendrick provides, for any given time t>0, a strict lower bound on the expected number of susceptibles and a strict upper bound on the expected number of recoveries in the general stochastic SIR epidemic. The proof is based on the recent message passing representation of SIR epidemics applied to a complete graph.
Steady-state analysis of a multiclass MAP/PH/cqueue with acyclic PH retrials
Authors: Dayar Tuǧrul , Can Orhan M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA multiclassc-server retrial queueing system in which customers arrive according to a class-dependent Markovian arrival process (MAP) is considered. Service and retrial times follow class-dependent phase-type (PH) distributions with the further assumption that PH distributions of retrial times are acyclic. A necessary and sufficient condition for ergodicity is obtained from criteria based on drifts. The infinite state space of the model is truncated with an appropriately chosen Lyapunov function. The truncated model is described as a multidimensional Markov chain, and a Kronecker representation of its generator matrix is numerically analyzed.
A central limit theorem and a law of the iterated logarithm for the Biggins martingale of the supercritical branching random walk
Authors: Iksanov Alexander , Kabluchko Zakhar 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Let (Wn(θ))n∈ℕ0 be the Biggins martingale associated with a supercritical branching random walk, and denote by W_∞(θ) its limit. Assuming essentially that the martingale (Wn(2θ))n∈ℕ0 is uniformly integrable and that var W1(θ) is finite, we prove a functional central limit theorem for the tail process (W∞(θ)-Wn+r(θ))r∈ℕ0 and a law of the iterated logarithm for W∞(θ)-Wn(θ) as n→∞.
Synchronization and fluctuation theorems for interacting Friedman urns
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Neeraja 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We consider a model of N interacting two-colour Friedman urns. The interaction model considered is such that the reinforcement of each urn depends on the fraction of balls of a particular colour in that urn as well as the overall fraction of balls of that colour in all the urns combined together. We show that the urns synchronize almost surely and that the fraction of balls of each colour converges to the deterministic limit of one-half, which matches with the limit known for a single Friedman urn. Furthermore, we use the notion of stable convergence to obtain limit theorems for fluctuations around the synchronization limit.
An alternative axiomatic characterisation of pricing operators
Authors: Kassberger Stefan , Liebmann Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In the spirit of the axiomatic approach by Rogers (1998) we show the equivalence between a set of assumptions on the behaviour of prices and the existence of a representation of these prices as conditional expectations. We rely on only weak assumptions and avoid any a priori modelling of negligible events or of any market filtration. Rather, both endogenously emerge along with the representation as conditional expectations.
Conscientious Non-objection in Intensive Care
Authors: WILKINSON DOMINIC 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Discussions of conscientious objection (CO) in healthcare often concentrate on objections to interventions that relate to reproduction, such as termination of pregnancy or contraception. Nevertheless, questions of conscience can arise in other areas of medicine. For example, the intensive care unit is a locus of ethically complex and contested decisions. Ethical debate about CO usually concentrates on the issue of whether physicians should be permitted to object to particular courses of treatment; whether CO should be accommodated. In this article, I focus on the question of how clinicians ought to act: should they provide or support a course of action that is contrary to their deeply held moral beliefs? I discuss two secular examples of potential CO in intensive care, and propose that clinicians should adopt a norm of conscientious non-objection (CNO). In the face of divergent values and practice, physicians should set aside their personal moral beliefs and not object to treatment that is legally and professionally accepted and provided by their peers. Although there may be reason to permit conscientious objections in healthcare, conscientious non-objection should be encouraged, taught, and supported.
Körperbezogene Emotionen, körperdysmorphe (Zwangs–)Symptome und soziale Ängste bei Menschen mit körperdysmorpher Störung und Menschen mit Skoliose
Authors: Grocholewski Anja , Dietzsch Franziska , Schulz Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Für die körperdysmorphe Störung (KDS) und für Skoliose spielt das Körperbild eine zentrale Rolle. Fragestellung: In dieser Studie wird untersucht, wie sich KDS-Betroffene und Skoliotiker bezüglich körperbezogener Emotionen, körperdysmorpher (Zwangs–)Symptome sowie sozialer Angst voneinander und von Kontrollpersonen unterscheiden. Methode: In einer Onlinebefragung konnten Daten von 19 Personen mit KDS, 97 Skoliotikern und 69 Kontrollpersonen erhoben werden. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass KDS-Betroffene negativere körperbezogene Emotionen und mehr körperdysmorphe (Zwangs–)Symptome aufwiesen als die Skoliotiker und die Kontrollgruppe und auch stärkere soziale Ängste berichteten. Obwohl sich Skoliotiker wider Erwarten von der Kontrollgruppe nicht unterschieden, betrug das Risiko, in der BDD-YBOCS klinisch relevante Werte zu erreichen, im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe 2.3. Schlussfolgerung: Für die klinische Praxis wird empfohlen, bei Skoliotikern routinemäßig ein Screening nach relevanter, aussehensbedingter Zwangssymptomatik durchzuführen.
Evaluation eines universell-präventiv eingesetzten Emotionsregulationstrainings für Kinder im Grundschulalter
Authors: Greuel Jan Felix , Heinrichs Nina 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren wird vermehrt die Entwicklung transdiagnostisch einsetzbarer Interventionen gefordert. Ein in dieser Hinsicht vielversprechendes Konzept ist die Emotionsregulation. Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Studie wird u. a. untersucht, ob ein Emotionsregulationstraining für das Kindesalter als transsymptomatisches, universelles Präventionsprogramm im Grundschulalter gefragt und durchführbar ist. Den Schwerpunkt bildet die Untersuchung der kurzfristigen Wirksamkeit in einer weitgehend randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie. Methode: Die verwendete Stichprobe besteht aus 163 Grundschülerinnen, die sich auf eine Interventions- (n = 63), eine Wartekontroll- (n = 70) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 30) verteilen. Veränderungen werden auf verschiedenen Ebenen gemessen (Entwicklungstest und Fremdbericht) und mit hierarchischer Datenanalyse evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Es ergeben sich heterogene Wirksamkeitsbefunde mit positiven, trainingsbedingten Effekten auf proximalen Maßen wie der Emotionsregulation und keinen trainingsspezifischen Effekten auf distalen Maßen wie Verhaltensproblemen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse sind mit den Wirksamkeitsnachweisen anderer universell eingesetzter Interventionsprogramme vergleichbar.
Virtueller sozialer Ausschluss
Authors: Pfeiffer Simone , In-Albon Tina 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Soziale Ausgrenzung bzw. Ostrazismus bedroht das Gefühl menschlicher Existenz, da soziale Zugehörigkeit eines unserer psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse ist. Fragestellung: Der Einfluss verschiedener Experimentalbedingungen (Erhöhung der Mitspieleranzahl, Hinzufügen von Fotos, Stimmungsinduktion) im Cyberball-Paradigma in einer Stichprobe von Jugendlichen. Dieser wird anhand eines Gefühlsratings im prä-post Vergleich sowie vier psychologischen Grundbedürfnissen (Bedeutsame Existenz, Zugehörigkeit, Kontrolle und Selbstwert) untersucht. Darüber hinaus wird explorativ der Einfluss von Emotionsregulationsschwierigkeiten und Depressions-Angst-Stress-Symptomen auf den Effekt von Cyberostrazismus mit einbezogen. Methode: Bei 117 Jugendlichen zwischen 12 und 18 Jahren wurde Cyberostrazismus induziert. Ergebnisse: Nach dem Cyberballspiel zeigten Jugendliche eine signifikante Steigerung von Ärger (d = 0.61) und Traurigkeit (d = 0.57) sowie einer Reduktion von Freude (d = 0.55) und Aufregung (d = 0.47). Eine Erhöhung der Mitspielerzahl ergab eine geringere Beeinträchtigung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse, im Vergleich zu den anderen drei Experimentalbedingungen. Depressions-Angst-Stress-Symptome und Emotionsregulationsschwierigkeiten standen im Zusammenhang mit einer signifikant stärkeren Minderung des Selbstwerts mit großer Effektstärke (f 2 = .43). Schlussfolgerung: Die Induktion von Cyberostrazimus zeigte sich in dieser Studie erfolgreich. Die erweiterten Experimentalbedingungen ergaben sowohl auf Gefühlsebene, als auch in einer Minderung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse keine Vorteile im Vergleich zur Basisversion. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse die negativen psychischen Auswirkungen von Cyberostrazismus sowie den Einfluss von Psychopathologie i.S. eines geringeren Selbstwerts nach der Induktion von Cyberostrazimus.
Bulk cell density and Wnt/TGFbeta signalling regulate mesendodermal patterning of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kempf Henning , Olmer Ruth , Haase Alexandra , Franke Annika , Bolesani Emiliano , Schwanke Kristin , Robles-Diaz Diana , Coffee Michelle , Göhring Gudrun , Dräger Gerald , Pötz Oliver , Joos Thomas , Martinez-Hackert Erik , Haverich Axel , Buettner Falk F. R. , Martin Ulrich , Zweigerdt Robert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn vitrodifferentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates early aspects of human embryogenesis, but the underlying processes are poorly understood and controlled. Here we show that modulating the bulk cell density (BCD: cell number per culture volume) deterministically alters anteroposterior patterning of primitive streak (PS)-like priming. The BCD in conjunction with the chemical WNT pathway activator CHIR99021 results in distinct paracrine microenvironments codifying hPSCs towards definitive endoderm, precardiac or presomitic mesoderm within the first 24 h of differentiation, respectively. Global gene expression and secretome analysis reveals that TGFß superfamily members, antagonist of Nodal signalling LEFTY1 and CER1, are paracrine determinants restricting PS progression. These data result in a tangible model disclosing how hPSC-released factors deflect CHIR99021-induced lineage commitment over time. By demonstrating a decisive, functional role of the BCD, we show its utility as a method to control lineage-specific differentiation. Furthermore, these findings have profound consequences for inter-experimental comparability, reproducibility, bioprocess optimization and scale-up.
In-plane topological p-n junction in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2−xSbxTe3−ySey
Authors: Tu Ngoc Han , Tanabe Yoichi , Satake Yosuke , Huynh Khuong Kim , Tanigaki Katsumi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA topological p-n junction (TPNJ) is an important concept to control spin and charge transport on a surface of three-dimensional topological insulators (3D-TIs). Here we report successful fabrication of such TPNJ on a surface of 3D-TI Bi2−xSbxTe3−ySey thin films and experimental observation of the electrical transport. By tuning the chemical potential of n-type topological Dirac surface of Bi2−xSbxTe3−ySey on its top half by using tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as an organic acceptor molecule, a half surface can be converted to p-type with leaving the other half side as the opposite n-type, and consequently TPNJ can be created. By sweeping the back-gate voltage in the field effect transistor structure, the TPNJ was controlled both on the bottom and the top surfaces. A dramatic change in electrical transport observed at the TPNJ on 3D-TI thin films promises novel spin and charge transport of 3D-TIs for future spintronics.
Towards human exploration of space: The THESEUS review series on immunology research priorities
Authors: Frippiat Jean-Pol , Crucian Brian E , de Quervain Dominique J-F , Grimm Daniela , Montano Nicola , Praun Siegfried , Roozendaal Benno , Schelling Gustav , Thiel Manfred , Ullrich Oliver , Choukèr Alexander 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDysregulation of the immune system occurs during spaceflight and may represent a crew health risk during exploration missions because astronauts are challenged by many stressors. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the biology of immune modulation under spaceflight conditions in order to be able to maintain immune homeostasis under such challenges. In the framework of the THESEUS project whose aim was to develop an integrated life sciences research roadmap regarding human space exploration, experts working in the field of space immunology, and related disciplines, established a questionnaire sent to scientists around the world. From the review of collected answers, they deduced a list of key issues and provided several recommendations such as a maximal exploitation of currently available resources on Earth and in space, and to increase increments duration for some ISS crew members to 12 months or longer. These recommendations should contribute to improve our knowledge about spaceflight effects on the immune system and the development of countermeasures that, beyond astronauts, could have a societal impact.
Predicting defect behavior in B2 intermetallics by merging
ab initio modeling and machine learning
Authors: Medasani Bharat , Gamst Anthony , Ding Hong , Chen Wei , Persson Kristin A , Asta Mark , Canning Andrew , Haranczyk Maciej 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present a combination of machine learning and high throughput calculations to predict the points defects behavior in binary intermetallic (A–B) compounds, using as an example systems with the cubic B2 crystal structure (with equiatomic AB stoichiometry). To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first application of machine learning-models for point defect properties. High throughput first principles density functional calculations have been employed to compute intrinsic point defect energies in 100 B2 intermetallic compounds. The systems are classified into two groups: (i) those for which the intrinsic defects are antisites for both A and B rich compositions, and (ii) those for which vacancies are the dominant defect for either or both composition ranges. The data was analyzed by machine learning-techniques using decision tree, and full and reduced multiple additive regression tree (MART) models. Among these three schemes, a reduced MART (r-MART) model using six descriptors (formation energy, minimum and difference of electron densities at the Wigner–Seitz cell boundary, atomic radius difference, maximal atomic number and maximal electronegativity) presents the highest fit (98 %) and predictive (75 %) accuracy. This model is used to predict the defect behavior of other B2 compounds, and it is found that 45 % of the compounds considered feature vacancies as dominant defects for either A or B rich compositions (or both). The ability to predict dominant defect types is important for the modeling of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of intermetallic compounds, and the present results illustrate how this information can be derived using modern tools combining high throughput calculations and data analytics.
Observation of superconducting vortex clusters in S/F hybrids
Authors: Di Giorgio C. , Bobba F. , Cucolo A. M. , Scarfato A. , Moore S. A. , Karapetrov G. , D’Agostino D. , Novosad V. , Yefremenko V. , Iavarone M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhile Abrikosov vortices repel each other and form a uniform vortex lattice in bulk type-II superconductors, strong confinement potential profoundly affects their spatial distribution eventually leading to vortex cluster formation. The confinement could be induced by the geometric boundaries in mesoscopic-size superconductors or by the spatial modulation of the magnetic field in superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) hybrids. Here we study the vortex confinement in S/F thin film heterostructures and we observe that vortex clusters appear near magnetization inhomogeneities in the ferromagnet, called bifurcations. We use magnetic force microscopy to image magnetic bifurcations and superconducting vortices, while high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy is used to obtain detailed information of the local electronic density of states outside and inside the vortex cluster. We find an intervortex spacing at the bifurcation shorter than the one predicted for the same superconductor in a uniform magnetic field equal to the thermodynamical upper critical field Hc2. This result is due to a local enhanced stray field and a competition between vortex-vortex repulsion and Lorentz force. Our findings suggest that special magnetic topologies could result in S/F hybrids that support superconductivity even when locally the vortex density exceeds the thermodynamic critical threshold value beyond which the superconductivity is destroyed.