bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomineralization and biomechanical trade-offs under heterogeneous environments in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica
Authors: Telesca Luca , Linsley Braddock K , Witek Lukasz , Hönisch Bärbel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Accurate biological models are critical to reliably predict vulnerability of marine organisms and ecosystems to rapid environmental changes. Current predictions on the biological impacts of climate change and human-caused disturbances primarily stem from controlled experiments but lack assessments of the mechanisms underlying biotic variations in natural systems, especially for habitat-forming, climate-sensitive species with key ecological roles. This study aimed to characterize and quantify spatial patterns of shell biomineralization and biomechanical properties in a key reef-building oyster, Crassostrea virginica, collected from restored reefs along natural estuarine gradients in the Hudson River Estuary (NY, USA). We characterized patterns of oyster shell deposition, structure, composition and mechanical performance at the macro- and microscale. Eastern oysters show a strong capacity for adjustments in shell biomineralization and biomechanics to maintain shell production and protective functions. We reveal salinity as a key predictor of oyster shell structure, mechanical integrity and resistance to dissolution, and describe the functional role of chalky calcite in shaping shell mechanical performance. Changes in shell production along salinity gradients indicate formation of shells with (1) high mechanical resistance but increased vulnerability to dissolution under marine conditions and (2) lower structural integrity but higher protection from dissolution under brackish conditions. Our work illustrates that biomineralization and biomechanical trade-offs may act as mechanisms in eastern oysters to maintain overall performance under heterogeneous estuarine environments and could represent a cornerstone for calcifying organisms to acclimate and maintain their ecological functions in a rapidly changing climate.
Development observed in the field of the Antarctic bivalve mollusc Aequiyoldia eightsii at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
Authors: Peck Lloyd S , Colman Jeremy G , Clarke Andrew 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The embryonic development of marine ectotherms has been shown to be strongly temperature dependent across the world's oceans. However, at the coldest sites, in the polar regions, development is even slower than would be predicted on the basis of the temperature dependence of development in warmer waters, and this is thought to be a consequence of changes in physical characteristics of cytoplasm near 0 °C—such as viscosity and osmolyte packing that slow protein folding and increase the likelihood of interference by charged particles, and their effect on protein synthesis. The overwhelming majority of studies of rates of embryonic development have been laboratory-based, with animals either collected directly from the sea and spawned in the laboratory or held first in the laboratory and preconditioned to set environments before spawning. Few studies have assessed development from regularly collected samples and assessed field development, especially from polar latitudes. Here we present data for the Antarctic bivalve mollusc Aequiyoldia eightsii, tracking its development from spawning on 25/26 May to hatching of pelagic veligers on 12 June and the disappearance of pediveliger larvae from the water column at the end of September or early October, 108–114 days later. Larval dry mass was constant at 16.7 µg (SE = 0.19) across the pelagic phase, except for the initial few days after hatching when it was 9.55 µg (SE = 0.60). The difference was likely the calcification of the larval shell. The development time to trochophore was 189 h, and this was in line with previous studies showing larval development at temperatures around 0 °C is around 4–22 times slower than would be predicted from the general effect of temperature on development rates.
The interplay between peptides and RNA is critical for protoribosome compartmentalization and stability
Authors: Codispoti Simone , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Makarov Mikhail , Giacobelli Valerio G , Mašek Martin , Kolář Michal H , Sanchez Rocha Alma Carolina , Fujishima Kosuke , Zanchetta Giuliano , Hlouchová Klára 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ribosome, owing to its exceptional conservation, harbours a remarkable molecular fossil known as the protoribosome. It surrounds the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), responsible for peptide bond formation. While previous studies have demonstrated the PTC activity in RNA alone, our investigation reveals the intricate roles of the ribosomal protein fragments (rPeptides) within the ribosomal core. This research highlights the significance of rPeptides in stability and coacervation of two distinct protoribosomal evolutionary stages. The 617nt ‘big’ protoribosome model, which associates with rPeptides specifically, exhibits a structurally defined and rigid nature, further stabilized by the peptides. In contrast, the 136nt ‘small’ model, previously linked to peptidyltransferase activity, displays greater structural flexibility. While this construct interacts with rPeptides with lower specificity, they induce coacervation of the ‘small’ protoribosome across a wide concentration range, which is concomitantly dependent on the RNA sequence and structure. Moreover, these conditions protect RNA from degradation. This phenomenon suggests a significant evolutionary advantage in the RNA–protein interaction at the early stages of ribosome evolution. The distinct properties of the two protoribosomal stages suggest that rPeptides initially provided compartmentalization and prevented RNA degradation, preceding the emergence of specific RNA–protein interactions crucial for the ribosomal structural integrity.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for 1–10 brain metastases to avoid whole-brain radiotherapy: Results of the CYBER-SPACE randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: El Shafie Rami A , Bernhardt Denise , Welzel Thomas , Schiele Annabella , Schmitt Daniela , Thalmann Paul , Erdem Sinem , Paul Angela , Höne Simon , Lang Kristin , König Laila , Weykamp Fabian , Adeberg Sebastian , Lentz-Hommertgen Adriane , Jäkel Cornelia , Bozorgmehr Farastuk , Nestle Ursula , Thomas Michael , Sander Anja , Kieser Meinhard , Debus Jürgen , Rieken Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an emerging alternative to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for treating multiple brain metastases (BM), reducing toxicity, and improving tumor control. The CYBER-SPACE trial compared SRS based on either SPACE or MPRAGE MRI sequence for avoiding or delaying WBRT in patients with 1–10 BM.

Methods
Patients with 1–10 untreated BM were randomized 1:1 to receive SRS of all lesions based on either SPACE or MPRAGE MRI sequences. If subsequently new BM occurred, SRS was repeated. WBRT was indicated upon occurrence of &gt;10 new BM, leptomeningeal disease, or exhausted SRS-radiotolerance. The primary outcome was freedom from WBRT indication (WBRTi). Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), safety, and quality of life.

Results
A total of 202 patients were randomized; SPACE n = 99, MPRAGE n = 103. Twelve-month WBRTi-free survival was 77.1% (95% CI: 69.5%–83.1%) overall, 78.5% (95% CI: 66.7%–86.5%) for SPACE, and 76.0% (95% CI: 65.2%–83.9%) for MPRAGE (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.43–1.63, P = .590). Patients with 5–10 BM had shorter WBRTi-free survival (HR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.53–6.40, P = .002). Median OS was 13.1 months overall, 10.5 months for SPACE, and 15.2 months for MPRAGE (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.78–1.56, P = .585). Neurologic death rate was 10.1%. Predictors for longer OS included Karnofsky Performance Status &gt;80% (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33–0.77, P = .002) and concurrent immunotherapy (HR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.52, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The more sensitive SPACE sequence did not improve outcomes over MPRAGE. SRS with thorough monitoring and immediate re-treatment for new lesions decreases the need for WBRT and achieves low neurologic death rates. SRS should be considered a favorable alternative to WBRT for patients with 1–10 BM.
Development of an intraventricular adeno-associated virus-based labeling strategy for glioblastoma cells nested in the subventricular zone
Authors: Lombard Arnaud , Isci Damla , Reuter Gilles , Di Valentin Emmanuel , Hego Alexandre , Martin Didier , Rogister Bernard , Neirinckx Virginie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a dreadful brain tumor, with a particular relationship to the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) that has been described as relevant to disease initiation, progression, and recurrence.

Methods
We propose a novel strategy for the detection and tracking of xenografted GBM cells that are located in the SVZ, based on an intracerebroventricular (icv) recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated color conversion method. We used different patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), which we transduced first with a retroviral vector (LRLG) that included a lox-dsRed-STOP-lox cassette, upstream of the eGFP gene, then with rAAVs expressing the Cre-recombinase. Red and green fluorescence is analyzed in vitro and in vivo using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.

Results
After comparing the efficiency of diverse rAAV serotypes, we confirmed that the in vitro transduction of GSC-LRLG with rAAV-Cre induced a switch from red to green fluorescence. In parallel, we verified that rAAV transduction was confined to the walls of the lateral ventricles. We, therefore, applied this conversion approach in 2 patient-derived orthotopic GSC xenograft models and showed that the icv injection of an rAAV-DJ-Cre after GSC-LRLG tumor implantation triggered the conversion of red GSCs to green, in the periventricular region. Green GSCs were also found at distant places, including the migratory tract and the tumor core.

Conclusions
This study not only sheds light on the putative outcome of SVZ-nested GBM cells but also shows that icv injection of rAAV vectors allows to transduce and potentially modulate gene expression in hard-to-reach GBM cells of the periventricular area.
Pretreatment Computed Tomography–Defined Sarcopenia, Treatment-Associated Muscle Loss, and Survival in Patients With Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tian Mengxing , Xu Huiting , Wang Hongbin , Wang Huifen , Dai Zhu , Ding Chenchen , Guo Huan , Jin Xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Sarcopenia has been identified as a potential predictor of poor prognosis in various types of cancer. However, the impact of pretreatment sarcopenia and the reduction of skeletal muscle mass during treatment on survival outcomes of patients with cervical cancer is still not well understood.

Objective
This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of pretreatment sarcopenia and treatment-associated muscle loss on survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer.

Data Sources
The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies exploring the relationship between muscle loss and the prognosis of cervical cancer until January 1, 2023.

Data Extraction
The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted.

Data Analysis
The data were analyzed using R software. The studies’ quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Twelve observational studies involving 1498 patients with cervical cancer were included in the analysis, with a prevalence of sarcopenia ranging from 24.8% to 57.5%. Sarcopenia was an independent predictor of poor OS (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.28–2.21; P &lt; .01) and PFS (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19–1.98; P &lt; .01) in patients with cervical cancer. Additionally, the decrease in skeletal muscle during treatment was also significantly related to the OS (HR, 4.46; 95% CI, 2.87–6.94; P &lt; .01) and PFS (HR, 2.89; 95% CI. 1.83–4.55; P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
The prevalence of pretreatment sarcopenia was high among patients with cervical cancer. Pretreatment sarcopenia and skeletal muscle loss during treatment both negatively affected prognosis in cervical cancer.
Ailing Empires: The Morphine Issue in Sino-foreign Relations at the Dawn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Huang Yun 
Published: September 2024

Summary
This article explores morphine as an issue in the foreign relations between China and several colonial powers, notably Britain and the USA in the 1900s. The drug diplomacy on morphine in Sino-foreign relations during this period is mainly reflected in three events: the revisions of relevant commercial treaties in 1902–4, the negotiations about morphine import control in 1906–8, and related discussions at the Shanghai Opium Commission of 1909. A mixture of cooperation and competition marked the positions of the participating empires on morphine. The serpentine process of drug diplomacy on the morphine issue in the 1900s indicates the struggle of the Chinese authorities to assert themselves under the hegemony of the colonial powers. It also reflected the changing power balance and the ailing features of the empires at the dawn of the twentieth century.
Holistic Review in Applicant Selection: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Davenport Dayle , Landry Adaira , Bailey Jacob , Westrick Jennifer , Daniel Michelle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To avoid overreliance on metrics and better identify candidates who add value to the learning environment, some medical schools and residency programs have begun using holistic review for screening and selection, but limited data support or refute this use. This scoping review examines holistic review definitions and practice in medical education, summarizes research findings, and identifies gaps for future research.

Method
The authors searched 7 databases using a comprehensive search strategy including the keywords holistic, attributes, mission-based, mission-centric, and socially accountable for articles on holistic review within undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) published from database inception through July 5, 2024. Author pairs independently screened articles for inclusion and extracted data. Discrepancies were resolved via discussion. Quantitative and qualitative synthesis was performed.

Results
6,511 articles were identified, with 33 included in this review. Twenty-five studies (76%) focused exclusively on GME, with only a few assessing holistic review in UME. Holistic review was implemented at 3 main stages: screening, interviewing, and ranking. Common rationales included service patterns, patient-physician identity concordance, enhancing patient trust, professional advocacy, and educational benefits. Holistic review elements varied, with most falling within the Association of American Medical Colleges experiences, attributes, and metrics framework. Nearly all studies reported an increase in the percentage of underrepresented in medicine trainees interviewed or selected. Several studies also demonstrated increases in other groups (e.g., women, lower socioeconomic status). Many studies included additional interventions to promote diversity, limiting the ability to assess holistic review in isolation.

Conclusions
This scoping review summarizes the literature on the rationale, development and implementation process, structure and components, outcomes assessed, barriers, and strategies for success for holistic review. This work can inform institutions and departments seeking to develop or refine their own holistic review systems and serve as a nidus for future research.
Early Bone Ischemia in Pediatric Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis and its Association With Progression to Chronic Osteomyelitis: New Insights From Gadolinium-enhanced Subtraction MRI
Authors: Al-Alawi Ahmed , Raniga Sameer , Michelow Ian C. , Al-Yazidi Laila , Alhinai Zaid 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO), the most common osteoarticular infection in children, carries a significant risk for chronic complications. Predicting chronic complications early in the course of disease is challenging. The underlying pathogenesis of complications is not fully understood.

Methods:
Children who presented to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman between January 2015 and April 2022 for AHO were identified by a search of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) records. Children between 1 month and 18 years of age who did not meet exclusion criteria, and whose MRI also included gadolinium-enhanced subtraction (GES) sequences were included in the analysis. Outcomes were compared between patients who showed early evidence of bone ischemia and those who did not.

Results:
The analysis included 11 children who had GES MRI sequences from among 18 AHO cases in total. Median age was 5 years (IQR, 4–9), and 82% were males. Median duration of symptoms at presentation was 5 days (IQR, 3–7). GES sequences showed early bone ischemia in 6 of 11 (55%) patients. Patients with early bone ischemia were treated with significantly longer durations of IV antibiotics (median 23 vs. 10 days, P = 0.017) and oral antibiotics (median 134 vs. 29 days, P = 0.004), and required more surgical debridements (median 3 vs. 0 debridements, P = 0.017). Chronic osteomyelitis only developed among patients with early bone ischemia (5/6 vs. 0/5, P = 0.015).

Conclusions:
In pediatric AHO, GES MRI sequences revealed early bone ischemia in a significant proportion of patients. Early bone ischemia was strongly associated with progression to chronic osteomyelitis.
Genomically-supported Redefinition of an Outbreak in a Pediatric Unit Caused by bla VIM-harboring Klebsiella michiganensis
Authors: López-Camacho Elena , Aguilera-Alonso David , Buenestado-Serrano Sergio , Marín Mercedes , Molero-Salinas Andrea , López Fresneña Nieves , Cercenado Emilia , Vicente Teresa , Herrera Laura , Slocker-Barrio María , Muñoz Patricia , Saavedra Lozano Jesús , Navarro Gómez María Luisa , García de Viedma Darío , Pérez-Lago Laura 
Published: September 2024

Background:

Klebsiella michiganensis, a member of the Klebsiella oxytoca complex, is an emerging nosocomial pathogen known to frequently carry plasmids with antibiotic-resistance genes, including carbapenemases. Using genomics, this study redefined an outbreak alert of K. michiganensis carrying a blaVIM carbapenemase in a pediatric ward in a Spanish hospital.

Methods:
A total of 31 isolates of Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM)-carbapenemase K. oxytoca from suspected outbreak cases and unrelated controls from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed. Whole-genome sequencing (both short and long reads) was applied to determine phylogenetic relationships based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify plasmids and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Results:
The sequences from 12 isolates identified in 2021 showed pairwise SNP distances ranging from 0 to 16 SNPs, confirming the outbreak. Examination of isolates before and after the study period revealed 7 additional cases, 2 in 2020 and 5 in 2022. The outbreak comprised 18 isolates from 17 patients in 3 different pediatric wards, together with 1 environmental sample. In all outbreak isolates, the bla

VIM-1
gene was located within a gene cassette carried by a class 1 integron on an IncFIB(pQil) plasmid. A genomic network based on SNPs revealed 5 unsampled intermediate nodes, suggesting additional subclones that may have involved healthcare staff, patient relatives or environmental reservoirs. Blood and rectal isolates obtained from the same patient were positioned on separate branches of the network, making a direct evolutionary pathway between them unlikely.

Conclusions:
Our study redefined the full extent of this K. michiganensis-VIM outbreak and highlights the critical importance of genomic analysis in accurately understanding outbreaks in healthcare settings.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Nandakumar Vanishree , Hazzaa Shady , Saker Firas , Aly Hany , Mohamed Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Sepsis is a significant health burden in the neonatal population. Although disparities in neonatal care have been reported, there are no data on racial/ethnic disparities in the context of sepsis. Therefore, we aimed to assess racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence and outcomes of neonatal sepsis.

Methods:
The national inpatient Kids’ Inpatient Database produced by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project was used for the year 2019. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes were used to identify the primary outcome of the neonates diagnosed with sepsis. The χ2 and Fisher tests were used to calculate odds ratios for categorical variables, and logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) to account for confounders in neonatal sepsis.

Results:
Of the total 3,512,817 patients, 202,103 patients with neonatal sepsis were identified across all racial and ethnic groups. Overall prevalence was statistically significant in Black [aOR, 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.17)], Hispanic [aOR, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.15–1.22)], Asian/Pacific Islander [aOR, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05–1.16)] and Native Americans [aOR, 1.17 (95% CI, 1.04–1.31)] compared with Whites. In Black infants, the OR for the overall mortality was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.28–1.42), and sepsis-related mortality was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.06–1.35) compared to Whites.

Conclusions:
Although the prevalence of sepsis is marginally higher in Hispanic infants compared with Whites, the overall and sepsis-related mortalities are the highest in Black infants compared with all races and ethnic groups.
Improving the evaluation of novice advanced practice nurse transition
Authors: Wyly Donna R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Novice advanced practice registered nurses (RNs) experience decreased self-confidence, anxiety, and identity confusion in their first year of practice, which leads to poor job satisfaction and turnover. Advanced practice RN fellowship programs, developed to bridge the gap from the RN to the advanced practice role, lack standardized measures for program evaluation.

Local Problem:
A large Midwestern pediatric hospital's advanced practice nurse fellowship program lacks a structured program evaluation.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental evidence-based improvement project was implemented to evaluate fellowship program outcomes for novice nurse practitioner transition and retention.

Interventions:
All novice advanced practice RNs (APRNs) were enrolled in the site's 12-month APRN fellowship program. The transition experiences of enrollees who completed the fellowship program were assessed using the novice nurse practitioner role transition scale. In addition, role transition scores were compared for two subgroups: fellows in acute care and fellows in primary care roles. Fellowship participant retention 1 year after hire was measured.

Results:
Postintervention data showed that most fellowship graduates had a positive transition experience as evidenced by at least a 4.33/6.0 mean total novice nurse practitioner role transition score. There was not a statistically significant difference between the transition scores of the acute care fellows and primary care fellows.

Conclusions:
The APRN fellowship program was effective in promoting a successful role transition from RN to novice APRN. Similar APRN fellowship programs may benefit from using this tool for program evaluation.