bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring entrepreneurial intent? Temporal construal theory shows it depends on your timing
Authors: Hallam Cory , Zanella Gianluca , Dorantes Dosamantes Carlos Alberto , Cardenas Cesar 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of temporal construal theory on entrepreneurial intention models using a three-country study. Inclusion of temporal construal theory in intent models would suggest path dependent influence on intent, and more specifically, that intent may be subdivided into temporally based categories, broadly codified as short-term and long-term intent.Design/methodology/approach– A quasi-experimental study of 1,046 university students in business and engineering from the USA, Mexico, and Spain was conducted. A temporal construal model of intent is proposed, including measures of short-term and long-term intent. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), part of the perceived behavioral control in the theory of planned behavior, is utilized to structure the model antecedents.Findings– The results suggest the existence of differences in individual entrepreneurial intent measures depending on the individual’s perception of when the entrepreneurial event is anticipated to occur in their lives. Utilizing an ESE construct, the authors demonstrated that short-term entrepreneurial intent significantly mediates the effect of ESE on long-term entrepreneurial intent. Furthermore, the results identify a mediating model that does not depend on regional country differences, thus supporting the generalizability of the findings.Originality/value– The paper bridges temporal construal theory and entrepreneurial intentions to qualify the path dependent effects of this psychological phenomena and its impact on identifying nascent entrepreneurs. The multi-country results indicate the ability to generalize the findings into a more complete theoretical model of entrepreneurial intention and suggests potential improvements in predictive models that currently use single or averaged measures of entrepreneurial intent.
The human development index predicts female entrepreneurship rates
Authors: Maniyalath Narendranathan , Narendran Roshni 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– Past research has identified a negative association between national income and female entrepreneurship rates. Data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2012 are analyzed to determine whether the Human Development Index (HDI) predicts female entrepreneurship rates. The purpose of this paper is to indicate how other socioeconomic variables that measure human development interact with national income to predict female entrepreneurship rates.Design/methodology/approach– Data were drawn from the 2012 GEM data set, which provides information on female entrepreneurship rates in 61 countries. To test relevant hypotheses, dependent and socio-demographic variables were sourced from international databases to perform quantitative cross-country regression analyses.Findings– National income significantly predicted female entrepreneurship rates in the univariate analysis. However, this relationship became non-significant when development indices were added to the model. In contrast, the HDI, the Gender Inequality Index, and national religious composition were robust, significant predictors.Practical implications– This study presents evidence that human and gender development indices, and national religious composition, are better predictors of female entrepreneurship rates than national income. Thus, studies on female entrepreneurship rates should account and adjust for human development and gender equality indices. As religiosity continues to be pervasive within multiple nations, policymakers should consider this when developing interventions geared toward promoting female entrepreneurship.Originality/value– This paper identifies factors other than economic determinism to explain variance in female entrepreneurship rates and demonstrates that human development and gender inequality indices are better predictors of female entrepreneurship rates.
Profiting on purpose: creating a master narrative
Authors: Hirsch Peter Buell 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the origins of and current practices in corporations seeking to define themselves as “purpose-driven”. The literature suggests that consumers, in particular Millennials, are attracted to companies that define themselves in this way both in terms of their buying behaviors and as places they would wish to work. The author also wanted to examine whether this trend represented a significant departure from previous activities in corporate citizenship, corporate social responsibility, sustainability or the triple bottom line.

Design/methodology/approach
This viewpoint reviewed the history of corporate philanthropy and social commitments from the 1880s to today to identify trend waves in this category. The author then examined some current examples of “purpose-driven” behavior to identify best practices.

Findings
The author found that there is considerable confusion in the marketplace about what constitutes best practices in corporate citizenship. The author also found that the outputs from preceding waves of corporate citizenship have created atomized pockets of similar activities in individual companies that either overlapped or were at odds with each other. This analysis suggested that there were four key requirements for companies trying to maintain a purpose-driven corporate brand: long-term commitment, authenticity, that they be employee-driven and be based on collaboration.

Research limitations/implications
The viewpoint was based on secondary source material and did not involve any primary research.

Practical implications
By identifying some core principles for purpose-driven activity, the viewpoint will help companies create and effectively maintain a master narrative.

Social implications
This review of corporate social responsibility will also create framework for thinking about the appropriate balance between the social and profit-driven motives of today’s corporations.

Originality/value
The author believes that this viewpoint is the first to examine the entire spectrum of corporate social commitment from both a historical and contemporary perspective.
Scrapping new product development efforts: when to keep going, when to fold
Authors: Webb James R. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The innovative process of new product development remains unique within most organizations. This uniqueness stems from the requirements of the new product development manager to grapple with both the universe of emerging technologies from which a new feature or improvement must be found and to simultaneously maintain a constant awareness of the requirements of an ever-changing customer base. Amongst all of this uncertainty, there is still a time when new product development managers choose to ignore the warning signals that a project is failing and continue to commit resources. This paper refers to this as irrational commitment. This paper aims to examine the uncertainty of new product development and the reasons for this irrational commitment to failed projects.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a structured systematic review of literature to identify the most common types of irrational commitment in new product development and their impact on the corporation.

Findings
The paper provides insights into the causes and effects of management irrationally committing to new product development projects that are doomed to failure. It suggests that the three major areas of knowledge that need to be better integrated into the decision-making process are technology trends, marketing knowledge and the capabilities of the company itself.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the chosen research approach of using a systematic review of literature, primary research needs to be conducted in the future to validate and refine the findings of the paper.

Practical implications
The paper provides leadership with guidelines to avoid irrationally committing to failed new product development efforts.

Originality/value
This paper adds to the literature on innovation systems.
How customer and product orientations shape political brands
Authors: Bigi Alessandro , Treen Emily , Bal Anjali 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a theory of consumer and product orientation in the realm of political branding to illustrate how politicians can choose to position and present themselves to voters. It is evident that some politicians play an active role in shaping the beliefs and actions of their constituents, while others are more influenced by voter sentiment. The effectiveness of the political strategy is highly influenced by the market realities of the voting body in question.

Design/methodology/approach
A dichotomy is presented to shed light on how consumer and product orientation might influence the way in which politicians choose to address the public. Specifically, four modified strategic orientation archetypes are presented and analyzed with particular focus on political brands and strategy.

Findings
Product and consumer orientations have been shown to also be applicable to the strategic positioning of political brands. While it can be argued that no strategy is superior over another, careful consideration of the political environment in question and subsequent execution of an appropriate stance can be used to better manage the relationship between the electorate and politicians.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides academics in this area with a comprehensive examination of strategic orientation literature in political contexts, and lays out a strong groundwork for future studies. In this burgeoning area of research, there are several opportunities for marketing and political strategy academics to dive deeper into the intricacies that drive politicians to adopt specific strategic orientations, and how these strategies evolve over time and in differing political environments.

Practical implications
This analysis suggests that there are opportunities for political strategists to explore the relationship between the identified strategic orientations and political brands, and for political marketing scholars to investigate the modes of focus presented.

Originality/value
This analysis provides better understanding of how politicians can influence voters and voters can influence political brands, and how the strategic orientation archetypes can be used to influence decisions about political strategy.
Storygiving as a co-creation tool for luxury brands in the age of the internet: a love story by Tiffany and thousands of lovers
Authors: Üçok Hughes Mine , Bendoni Wendy K. , Pehlivan Ekin 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the concept of storygiving as a co-creation tool and provides a guideline for its successful use by luxury brand managers.

Design/methodology/approach
A study of Tiffany and Co.’s social media-based site and its use of stories as co-created marketing content provides us with managerial strategies applicable to luxury brands in general. The authors emphasize how luxury brands deal with co-created brand images compared to mainstream brands.

Findings
Storygiving enables consumers to share their personal experiences through narratives and provides contextualized connections among community members through shared experiences. One successful example of storygiving is Tiffany & Co.’s ‘What Makes Love True’ campaign.

Research limitations/implications
Only one luxury brand was used in this case study of online co-creation and storygiving. Further research, especially comparative case studies, would expand understanding of brand image management in the age of social media and consumer empowerment.

Practical implications
This paper presents a strategic guideline for luxury brand managers highlighting a customer-centric insight into ways luxury brands can develop marketing strategies incorporating co-creation.

Originality/value
To differentiate it from storytelling, the co-creation of brand stories through consumer-generated content is known as storygiving. The use of social media marketing in the process of storygiving is a powerful tool for luxury brands. The changed narrative from the brand’s point of view to that of the brand’s community is a major point made in this research.
Assessing the impact of mystery client traits on service evaluation
Authors: Brito Pedro Quelhas , Rambocas Meena 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the reliability of a mystery client (MC) as a service evaluation technique taking into consideration personal differences of the MC agents.

Design/methodology/approach
The ratings from 144 MCs from 355 evaluations of computer and electronic stores were cross analyzed with eight psychographic and demographic profile variables.

Findings
MCs who were highly involved in the product category were more critical of service responsiveness with respect to product demonstrations and listening to customer requirements. On the other hand, MCs with stronger faith in intuition were more inclined to rate services higher on empathy with respect to employees making a conscientious effort to understand customers’ needs.

Practical implications
Depending on the service marketing goals, managers learn to define which aspects of MC profile they should consider or avoid during the recruitment as well as becoming more critical when they analyze the evaluation reports to avoid an interpretation bias.

Originality/value
The usefulness of the MC tool relies on its reliability and credibility as a marketing research technique. It was identified that the MC personality traits are more likely associated with marketing service evaluation variability.
The role of service relationships in employees’ and customers’ emotional behavior, and customer-related outcomes
Authors: Medler-Liraz Hana 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to explore service encounters from a social behavior perspective. By proposing that employees’ emotional labor strategies are influenced by customer displays of emotion, this paper answers calls to investigate the reciprocal nature of service interactions and the importance of taking both customers and service providers into account when delivering high-quality service is the goal.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 121 dyads of customers and service employees from hairstyling salons. Data were collected from observations of the customers’ emotional displays, self-report surveys administered to the service employees measuring strategies of emotional labor and self-report surveys administered to the customers to assess their rapport with the service providers and their loyalty intentions.FindingsLength of acquaintance was positively related to customers’ positive display, which mediated the relationship between length of acquaintance and employee-customer rapport. Customers’ positive display was negatively related to employees’ deep acting (i.e. modifying inner feelings) but not to surface acting (i.e. modifying superficial expressions). Customers’ positive display and employees’ surface acting were related to loyalty intentions through the mediation of rapport.Originality/valueThis study provides a better understanding of the customer’s role as the target, and a possible cause of emotional regulation among service employees. It underscores the role of service relationships in customers’ emotional behavior and customer-related outcomes.
Property taxation and its revenue utilisation for urban infrastructure and services in Ghana
Authors: Mabe Joshua Biliwi , Kuusaana Elias Danyi 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss property taxation and examine the extent of its contribution to financing urban infrastructure/services in Ghana. Dwelling on existing literature, it analyses the contribution of property tax to local level internally generated funds (IGF) and expenditure on urban infrastructure/services financed from IGF.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a case study approach with a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research, this research was carried out in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis in the Western region, Ghana based on its economic and social diversity, business and economic opportunities and different land tenure systems. Data were collected through expert interviews and questionnaires, with a baseline study from 2006 to 2013. To check the veracity of data, triangulation of data were adopted.

Findings
– The study revealed that property rate accounted for 28 per cent of IGF of the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly (STMA). This revenue was expended mostly on waste management, education, social services, street lights and health facilities. For the period between 2006 and 2013, property rates revenue alone was able to finance not less than 84 per cent of total expenditure from IGF. It was estimated that if the challenges to property taxation were resolved in Ghana, the tax could finance the entire annual IGF budget of the STMA on urban infrastructure and services over and above the expended expenditure with a surplus margin of 13 per cent.

Practical implications
– This paper makes available empirical evidence of property tax contribution to IGF of STMA that could stimulate and enhance revenue mobilisation of other local government authorities. Debate on property tax revenue contribution towards financing urban infrastructure/services is also stimulated.

Originality/value
– There exist many researches on property tax, however, none of these studies have examined the exact contributions of property rating revenue in financing urban infrastructure and services. This paper is the product of the original research conducted in Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis.
Measuring customer satisfaction: a study of the Swedish real estate industry
Authors: Palm Peter 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the strategies of formal customer evaluations and the use of satisfied customer index in the Swedish commercial real estate industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research is based on an inventory of 24 commercial real estate companies use of formal customer evaluations and an analysis of 15 interviews with top-level managers in the Swedish commercial real estate sector.

Findings
– Only half of the companies included in the study conduct formal evaluations, although they are considered to work customer oriented. Two different strategies for using formal evaluations is, for improvement work and for signalling quality. One proposed explanation to why only half of the companies conduct formal evaluations is the possibility that the official Swedish Real Estate Barometer is not sufficient if the company would like to use the result for organisational development. There are instead indications that this barometer mainly is used in publicity and marketing purpose, to signal quality.

Research limitations/implications
– The research in this paper is limited to Swedish commercial real estate sector. But, the overall strategies for conducting formal evaluations should be applicable in general.

Practical implications
– The insight the paper provides regarding how the industry perceive the Swedish Real Estate Barometer gives direct implications of improvements of the barometer.

Originality/value
– It provides an insight regarding the use of formal customer evaluations and a proposition of how the Swedish Real Estate Barometer could be changed to better support and fulfil the aim of being a barometer for benchmarking.
Divergence of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells in the decidua from miscarriage
Authors: Ebina Yasuhiko , Shimada Shigeki , Deguchi Masashi , Maesawa Yoko , Iijima Norifumi , Yamada Hideto 
Published: July 2016

ProblemThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate phenotypic differences of helper T (Th), cytotoxic T (Tc), and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the deciduae of missed miscarriage with a normal chromosome karyotype of a fetus (MN) and missed miscarriage with an abnormal chromosome karyotype of a fetus (MA).Methods of studyThe decidua of 19 MN and 28 MA was obtained. Additionally, the decidua of 15 induced abortion (IA) and the endometrium of 19 non‐pregnant women (EM) were obtained. IFN‐γ+, IL‐17+, CD25highFoxp3+ cells in CD4+ (Th) cells, and IFN‐γ+ cells in CD8+ (Tc) cells were evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsThe percentages of IFN‐γ+ Tc and CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ (Treg) cells in MN were significantly increased as compared with MA and IA. The percentage of IFN‐γ+ Th in MN was increased as compared with IA.ConclusionActivation of IFN‐γ+ Tc and Treg cells in the decidua might be associated with the pathophysiology underlying MN.
Back‐calculating baseline creatinine overestimates prevalence of acute kidney injury with poor sensitivity
Authors: Kork F. , Balzer F. , Krannich A. , Bernardi M. H. , Eltzschig H. K. , Jankowski J. , Spies C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimAcute kidney injury (AKI) is diagnosed by a 50% increase in creatinine. For patients without a baseline creatinine measurement, guidelines suggest estimating baseline creatinine by back‐calculation. The aim of this study was to evaluate different glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations and different GFR assumptions for back‐calculating baseline creatinine as well as the effect on the diagnosis of AKI.MethodsThe Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD‐EPI) and the Mayo quadratic (MQ) equation were evaluated to estimate baseline creatinine, each under the assumption of either a fixed GFR of 75 mL min−1 1.73 m−2 or an age‐adjusted GFR. Estimated baseline creatinine, diagnoses and severity stages of AKI based on estimated baseline creatinine were compared to measured baseline creatinine and corresponding diagnoses and severity stages of AKI.ResultsThe data of 34 690 surgical patients were analysed. Estimating baseline creatinine overestimated baseline creatinine. Diagnosing AKI based on estimated baseline creatinine had only substantial agreement with AKI diagnoses based on measured baseline creatinine [Cohen's κ ranging from 0.66 (95% CI 0.65–0.68) to 0.77 (95% CI 0.76–0.79)] and overestimated AKI prevalence with fair sensitivity [ranging from 74.3% (95% CI 72.3–76.2) to 90.1% (95% CI 88.6–92.1)]. Staging AKI severity based on estimated baseline creatinine had moderate agreement with AKI severity based on measured baseline creatinine [Cohen's κ ranging from 0.43 (95% CI 0.42–0.44) to 0.53 (95% CI 0.51–0.55)].ConclusionDiagnosing AKI and staging AKI severity on the basis of estimated baseline creatinine in surgical patients is not feasible. Patients at risk for post‐operative AKI should have a pre‐operative creatinine measurement to adequately assess post‐operative AKI.
A vesicular (blistering) skin condition in a dog following putative contact exposure to Plumbago auriculata
Authors: Seavers A , Robson D , Weingarth JM 
Published: July 2016

Case reportA 2‐year‐old male Airedale Terrier was presented with an acute and painful, predominantly ventral, vesicular skin eruption following putative dermal contact with Plumbago auriculata (Sky Flower, Leadwort). Prompt dermal decontamination and supportive therapy brought about a rapid recovery in the patient.ConclusionContact with botanical triggers is an important consideration for causes of acute vesicular skin conditions in dogs.