bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT-based conventional radiomics and quantification of intratumoral heterogeneity for predicting benign and malignant renal lesions
Authors: Yu Shuanbao , Yang Yang , Wang Zeyuan , Zheng Haoke , Cui Jinshan , Zhan Yonghao , Liu Junxiao , Li Peng , Fan Yafeng , Jia Wendong , Wang Meng , Chen Bo , Tao Jin , Li Yuhong , Zhang Xuepei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
With the increasing incidence of renal lesions, pretreatment differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is crucial for optimized management. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model utilizing radiomic features extracted from various regions of interest (ROIs), intratumoral ecological diversity features, and clinical factors to classify renal lesions.

Methods
CT images (arterial phase) of 1,795 renal lesions with confirmed pathology from three hospital sites were split into development (1184, 66%) and test (611, 34%) cohorts by surgery date. Conventional radiomic features were extracted from eight ROIs of arterial phase images. Intratumoral ecological diversity features were derived from intratumoral subregions. The combined model incorporating these features with clinical factors was developed, and its performance was compared with radiologists’ interpretation.

Results
Combining intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features, along with ecological diversity features yielded the highest AUC of 0.929 among all combinations of features extracted from CT scans. After incorporating clinical factors into the features extracted from CT images, our combined model outperformed the interpretation of radiologists in the whole (AUC = 0.946 vs 0.823, P < 0.001) and small renal lesion (AUC = 0.935 vs 0.745, P < 0.001) test cohorts. Furthermore, the combined model exhibited favorable concordance and provided the highest net benefit across threshold probabilities exceeding 60%. In the whole and small renal lesion test cohorts, the AUCs for subgroups with predicted risk below or above 95% sensitivity and specificity cutoffs were 0.974 and 0.978, respectively.

Conclusions
The combined model, incorporating intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features, ecological diversity features, and clinical factors showed good performance for distinguishing benign from malignant renal lesions, surpassing radiologists’ diagnoses in both whole and small renal lesions. It has the potential to save patients from unnecessary invasive biopsies/surgeries and to enhance clinical decision-making.
Trends and inequalities in oral rehydration therapy and continued feeding for children under five with diarrhoea in Sierra Leone
Authors: Osborne Augustus , Bangura Camilla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Sierra Leone has improved child health outcomes in recent decades. However, diarrhoeal diseases remain a public health concern, particularly among children under five. This study investigates the trends and inequalities in oral rehydration therapy and continued feeding for children under five with diarrhoea in Sierra Leone in 2008, 2013 and 2019.

Methods
The analysis utilised data from the Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey rounds conducted in 2008, 2013, and 2019. The software utilised for the calculation of various measures of inequality, including simple difference, ratio, population-attributable risk, and population-attributable fraction, was the World Health Organization Health Equity Assessment Toolkit. An inequality assessment was conducted for six stratifiers: maternal age, maternal economic status, maternal level of education, place of residence, sex of the child, and sub-national region.

Results
Our findings reveal that children under five with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration therapy and continued feeding increased from 56.5% in 2008 to 59.7% in 2019 in Sierra Leone. Children of mothers aged 20–49 had more coverage over time than those with mothers aged 15–19. Children of mothers who are wealthy, more educated, and living in urban areas show a decrease in coverage with time compared to the poor, the lowly educated, and those residing in rural areas. Male children had higher coverage than female children. Regional inequality decreased slightly from 21.5 percentage points in 2008 to 21.2 percentage points in 2019.

Conclusion
The findings revealed a mixed picture of progress in oral rehydration therapy and continued feeding for children under five in Sierra Leone. While national coverage has increased, inequalities persist. Children of older mothers and those from disadvantaged backgrounds have experienced improvements, while children of younger, wealthier, and more educated mothers in urban areas have seen a decline in coverage. The gender and regional inequalities remain. Expanding community-based health programs, providing subsidised or free supplies, and strengthening health systems in underserved areas are key strategies to ensure equitable and effective healthcare for all children in Sierra Leone.
Genetic improvement of fiber quality in tetraploid cotton: an overview of major QTLs and genes involved in and edited for the quality of cotton fibers
Authors: Baghyalakshmi Kari , Priyanka Rajendran Ariyapalayam , Sarathapriya Govindaraj , Ramchander Selvaraj , Prakash Arkalgud Hiriyannaiah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCotton, an important industrial crop cultivated in more than 70 countries, plays a major role in the livelihood of millions of farmers and industrialists. Cotton is mainly grown for its fiber, an economic component that can be differentiated from its epidermal cells in the outer integument of a developing seed. Fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber fineness are three main attributes that contribute to the quality of cotton fibers. Recent advancements in genomics have identified key genes, which are the most important factors that govern these three traits, can be introduced into cultivars of interest via gene editing, marker-assisted selection, and transgenics, thus the narrow genetic background of cotton can be addressed and its fiber quality traits can be enhanced. Over the past two decades, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been mapped for different fiber traits, approximately 1 850 QTLs have been mapped for fiber length, fiber strength, and fineness among which a few genes have been edited for quality improvement in cotton. In this background, the current review covers the development and the factors that influence these traits, along with the reported genes, QTLs, and the edited genomes for trait improvement.
From classroom learning to real-world skills: an autoethnographic account of school field trips and STEM work immersion program management
Authors: Acut Dharel P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuality science education is crucial in preparing students for real-world challenges by fostering scientific literacy and critical thinking skills. Field trips and work immersion programs support this goal by providing hands-on experiences and real-world applications of scientific concepts, thereby enhancing student engagement and understanding. This autoethnographic study explores the management of school field trips and work immersion programs, emphasising their impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. Through personal experiences and reflective practices, I examine the logistical planning, risk management, and curriculum alignment necessary for successful implementation. The findings highlight how these programs enhance students’ understanding of scientific principles, foster critical thinking, and encourage STEM career interests. Key strategies include collaborative planning, flexibility, and ongoing evaluation, providing insights into optimising educational programs and bridging the gap between classroom learning and real-world application.
The epidemiological declining in the human fertility rate in the arab world for 10 years period 2011–2021
Authors: Mahasneh Ihsan , Ebrahim Ferdos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been worldwide growing interest on profiling the human fertility of populations because there has been a noticeable global decline in fertility rate, leading to increased attention toward reproductive health and fertility.The decline in fertility of population of the Arab World was investigated for the 10 years period between 2011–2021. The Arab World was classified into three regional blocks; Block-1 Arabian Peninsula countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Yemen. Block-2 Fertile Crescent Arab countries: Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank and Gaza. Block-3 African Arab countries: Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia. Data on fertility rates for the 10 years period between 2011–2021 were collected from the World Bank for Arab countries. Statistical analysis along with decline in the fertility rates were determined. Results: Fertility rates varied across Arab countries in 2011 and 2021, with notable decline ranging from 24.3% to 3.8%, except for Algeria, with zero decline. Countries that exhibited significant decline were Jordan (24.3%) followed by Iraq (22.2%) then Yemen (19.1%); Whereas, countries that exhibited slight fertility decline were Libya (3.8%), followed by Tunisia (4.5%), Lebanon (4.5%) and Kuwait (4.5%). On another note, lowest fertility rate was observed in UAE as maintained between 1.7% and 1.5% and the highest fertility rate was observed in Somalia as maintained between 7.3% and 6.3% for 2011 and 2021 respectively. Conclusion: The present study reveals the declining-trend in fertility rate across Arab countries, influenced by variable factors. Therefore, we recommend to the Council of the Health Ministries in the Arab-League to focus on investigating the fertility decline as an important parameter for public health in the Arab world to maintain natural balanced fertility rate.As some non-biological factors surrounding the Arabian region, such as instability, war, migration, the present study did not aim to include the influence of war and migration on fertility because both war and migration are non-biological external factors and both are not among the WHO criteria for fertility determination which based of the population growth rate of population under normal living conditions.
Blast resistance of CFRP composite strengthened masonry arch bridge under close-range explosion
Authors: Azar Amin Bagherzadeh , Sari Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are recognized for their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. They offer a viable and effective solution for strengthening and retrofitting masonry bridges, helping to extend their service life, improve structural performance, and meet modern safety and load requirements. Wrapping of CFRP around masonry elements can enhance their confinement and ductility. This flexibility plays a crucial role in preventing sudden brittle failure, allowing for controlled deformation, which is essential for blast resistance. Additionally, CFRP materials possess the ability to flex and absorb energy, which proves beneficial in containing and redistributing forces generated during an explosion, consequently reducing the risk of catastrophic failure. This study employed the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) technique available in the finite element software Abaqus/Explicit to simulate the blast loads. Various detonation scenarios were considered, taking into account factors such as location and their impacts on bridge structures. A detailed micro-model was developed using finite element software and accurate geometric data acquired from FARO laser scanning of the case study. The properties of masonry units and backfill were characterized using the Johnson-Holmquist II damage model and Mohr–Coulomb criteria. The Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state (EOS) was applied to replicate the behavior of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In accordance with the JH-II model, the researchers formulated a VUMAT code. The study examined the distinct damage mechanisms and overall structural responses of bridges. By evaluating the blast resistance of individual bridge models, the most critical scenarios were pinpointed. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was then utilized as a method to fortify bridges against blast loads. A comparison was made between the damage propagation before and after the reinforcement.
Association Between Moyamoya Revascularization Surgery and Neurologic Events During Pregnancy: Systematic Review
Authors: Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Beazer Maggie , Frerichs Kai U. , Patel Nirav J. , Aziz-Sultan M. Ali , Du Rose 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The management of moyamoya disease during pregnancy and recommendations for the mode of delivery remain controversial. We investigated factors associated with neurologic events during pregnancy in women with moyamoya disease and its association with prepregnancy surgical revascularization.

METHODS:
We performed a literature search from January 1, 1970, through September 30, 2021, using Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane to identify cases of moyamoya disease with pregnancy. Primary outcome was neurologic events during pregnancy and were subcategorized into antepartum, intrapartum (within 24 hours of delivery), and postpartum events. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses using pooled results were performed to assess risk factors associated with neurologic events.

RESULTS:
Fifty-two relevant studies with 182 individuals diagnosed with moyamoya before pregnancy, and 229 pregnancies were included in the study. 59% underwent surgical revascularization before pregnancy. Of the 229 pregnancies, 22 (9.6%) patients had ischemic events and 3 (1.3%) had hemorrhagic events. In addition, there were 7 (3%) seizures and 4 (1.7%) other neurologic events not associated with ischemia or hemorrhage. There were fewer neurologic events during pregnancy in patients treated with surgery than those without surgery (11% surgical vs 24% medical, P = .009). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated prior surgical revascularization as the only factor associated with lower number of neurologic events during pregnancy (odds ratio 0.42 [95% CI 0.19-0.96]). Mode of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean section) was not associated with a difference in overall intrapartum and postpartum neurologic events.

CONCLUSION:
We found that prior revascularization surgery was the only factor associated with fewer neurologic events during pregnancy in women with moyamoya disease. Mode of delivery was not associated with increased neurologic events during or after delivery.
Risk Factors for In-Stent Stenosis After Flow Diverter Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 2350 Patients
Authors: Abramyan Arevik , Roychowdhury Sudipta , Tarasova Natalia , Sioutas Georgios , Samaan Mena , Mangla Sherry , Sundararajan Srihari , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Recent advances in flow diverter (FD) therapy for intracranial aneurysms have highlighted the need to evaluate risk factors for in-stent stenosis (ISS), a potentially serious complication. This meta-analysis aims to identify risk factors associated with an increased risk of ISS after FD treatment.

METHODS:
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched for studies reporting ISS rates and risk factors after FD therapy for intracranial aneurysms. Odds ratios were calculated using random-effects models to assess potential risk factors associated with ISS.

RESULTS:
Ten studies involving 2350 patients with 2441 aneurysms were included. Younger age (P = .006) and male sex (P = .003) were associated with higher ISS risk. Smoking also increased the risk (P = .02). Aneurysm location in the posterior circulation (P < .00001) and fusiform morphology (P < .00001) were significant risk factors for ISS, as were ruptured aneurysms (P = .05). Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, allergies, and alcohol abuse, as well as aneurysm size, neck width, and parent artery diameter, did not affect ISS risk. Procedural factors like balloon angioplasty, multiple FDs, or FD/coil combinations were not significantly associated with ISS.

CONCLUSION:
This meta-analysis identified both nonmodifiable (younger age, male sex) and modifiable (smoking) patient factors, as well as high-risk aneurysm characteristics (posterior circulation, fusiform, ruptured), associated with an increased risk of ISS after FD treatment. These findings highlight the importance of tailored monitoring and management approaches for optimizing outcomes in FD therapy.
NGAV (Next-Generation Antivirus) Especialista na Detecção de Cyber-Ataques
Authors: Lima Sidney Marlon Lopes de , Pinheiro Ricardo , Souza Danilo , Silva Sthéfano , Lopes Petrônio , Lima Rafael , Oliveira Jemerson , Monteiro Thyago , Murilo Sérgio , Albuquerque Edison 
Published: October 2024

Quase todos os malwares executados em servidores web são códigos PHP. Este trabalho cria um NGAV (Next Generation Antivirus - Antivírus de Próxima Geração) especialista em detectar ameaças web em arquivos PHPs, em tempo real. Nosso antivírus monitora 11.777 comportamentos maliciosos que o cyber-ataque possa fazer quando executado diretamente de um servidor web malicioso para um serviço em um computador pessoal. O nosso NGAV alcança uma precisão média de 97.50% na distinção entre scripts web benignos e malwares através de ciência dos dados, inteligência artificial e máquinas de aprendizado estatístico. O nosso antivírus tem a capacidade de suprir as limitações do antivírus comercias quanto à detecção de cyber-ataques oriundos de servidores web.
Synovial vancomycin and meropenem concentrations in periprosthetic joint infection treated by single-stage revision combined with intra-articular infusion
Authors: Zou Chen , Guo Wentao , Mu Wenbo , Wahafu Tuerhongjiang , Li Yicheng , Hua Long , Xu Boyong , Cao Li 
Published: October 2024

AimsWe aimed to determine the concentrations of synovial vancomycin and meropenem in patients treated by single-stage revision combined with intra-articular infusion following periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), thereby validating this drug delivery approach.MethodsWe included 14 patients with PJI as noted in their medical records between November 2021 and August 2022, comprising eight hip and seven knee joint infections, with one patient experiencing bilateral knee infections. The patients underwent single-stage revision surgery, followed by intra-articular infusion of vancomycin and meropenem (50,000 µg/ml). Synovial fluid samples were collected to assess antibiotic concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe peak concentrations of vancomycin and meropenem in the joint cavity were observed at one hour post-injection, with mean values of 14,933.9 µg/ml (SD 10,176.3) and 5,819.1 µg/ml (SD 6,029.8), respectively. The trough concentrations at 24 hours were 5,495.0 µg/ml (SD 2,360.5) for vancomycin and 186.4 µg/ml (SD 254.3) for meropenem. The half-life of vancomycin was 6 hours, while that of meropenem ranged between 2 and 3.5 hours. No significant adverse events related to the antibiotic administration were observed.ConclusionThis method can achieve sustained high antibiotic concentrations within the joint space, exceeding the reported minimum biofilm eradication concentration. Our study highlights the remarkable effectiveness of intra-articular antibiotic infusion in delivering high intra-articular concentrations of antibiotics. The method provided sustained high antibiotic concentrations within the joint cavity, and no severe side-effects were observed. These findings offer evidence to improve clinical treatment strategies. However, further validation is required through studies with larger sample sizes and higher levels of evidence.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(10):535–545.
Environmental Taxes as a Path to a Green Transition
Authors: Huttmanová Emília , Mikča Radoslav 
Published: October 2024

The integration of sustainability elements into all spheres of human activities is one of the primary initiatives of policymakers in individual European countries, but also in a broader international perspective. The transition towards more sustainable production-consumption models is now becoming a challenge for European countries. This shift is an essential part of the commitments and goals that the European Union has set itself in the medium and the long-term horizon. The future economic orientations of European countries will depend not only on the willingness and effort to use classical tools in the process of creating a green future, but especially on the level of knowledge of their appropriate implementation in practice. The paper is focused on the issue of the evaluation of selected economic instruments of environmental policy (environmental taxes) in the European area in the context of the transition to a green economy. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the use of taxes with an environmental aspect across European countries and to analyse the similarities in the process of their application towards green transformation. The need for a deeper knowledge and understanding of this area is essential in the context of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in the countries involved in the 2030 Agenda.

Keywords: environmental taxes, sustainability, energy, transport, green transition
Sustainable Development Revisited: Rethinking Growth-Centric Paradigms Through the Lens of the Sabbath
Authors: Graham Molly 
Published: October 2024

This paper argues that the current growth-centric paradigm of sustainable development is fundamentally flawed and proposes a paradigm shift towards the biblical concept of the Sabbath. It critiques the internal contradictions of the SDGs and challenges the unsustainable pursuit of infinite growth in addressing social and ecological crises. By exploring Sabbath's principles of rest, recalibration, and redistribution, the paper offers an ethical foundation for self-limitation and a basis for human identity beyond productivity—addressing the shortcomings of the degrowth movement. It proposes practical applications of Sabbath principles at individual, community, and structural levels, drawing upon empirical examples to demonstrate their potential as pathways to environmental justice. These multi-level applications aim to bridge the gap between the intentions of international agreements and impactful local action. The paper concludes that Sabbath presents a transformative vision for sustainable development and environmental justice, fostering a harmonious relationship between humanity and the planet.

Keywords: Sustainability, Development, Sabbath, Degrowth, Capitalism, Environmental Justice, Poverty, Well-being, Ethics, Religion.