bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partnership models for the establishment of sustainable paediatric cardiac surgical and cardiac intensive care programmes in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Bastero Patricia , Staveski Sandra L. , Zheleva Bistra , Scanlan Emma , Cabrera Antonio G. , Araujo Aric , Reyes Guillermo , Mery Carlos M. , Palacios-Macedo Alexis , Brizard Christian P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe care of patients with CHD remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries. Their health systems have not been able to achieve consistently high performance in this field. The large volume of patients, manpower constraints, inconsistencies in the level and type of background training of the teams caring for this patient population, and the inadequate quality control systems are some of the barriers to achieving excellence of care. We describe three different international projects supporting the paediatric cardiac surgical and paediatric cardiac intensive care programmes in Latin America, Asia, and the Caribbean.
The Many Sides of Hemispheric Asymmetry: A Selective Review and Outlook
Authors: Corballis Michael C. , Häberling Isabelle S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHemispheric asymmetry is commonly viewed as a dual system, unique to humans, with the two sides of the human brain in complementary roles. To the contrary, modern research shows that cerebral and behavioral asymmetries are widespread in the animal kingdom, and that the concept of duality is an oversimplification. The brain has many networks serving different functions; these are differentially lateralized, and involve many genes. Unlike the asymmetries of the internal organs, brain asymmetry is variable, with a significant minority of the population showing reversed asymmetries or the absence of asymmetry. This variability may underlie the divisions of labor and the specializations that sustain social life. (JINS, 2017,23, 710–718)
Contributions to Understanding the Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: An INS Legacy
Authors: Sullivan Edith V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has been a major cause of family, social, and personal strife for centuries, with current prevalence estimates of 14% for 12-month and 29% lifetime AUD. Neuropsychological testing of selective cognitive, sensory, and motor functions complemented within vivobrain imaging has enabled tracking the consequences of AUD, which follows a dynamic course of development, maintenance, and recovery or relapse. Controlled studies of alcoholism reviewed herein provide evidence for disruption of selective functions involving executive, visuospatial, mnemonic, emotional, and attentional processes, response inhibition, prosody, and postural stability and brain systems supporting these functions. On a hopeful front, longitudinal study provides convincing evidence for improvement in brain structure and function following sustained sobriety. These discoveries have a strong legacy in the International Neuropsychological Society (INS), starting from its early days when assumptions regarding which brain regions were disrupted relied solely on patterns of functional sparing and impairment deduced from testing. This review is based on the symposium presentation delivered at the 2017 annual North American meeting of the INS in celebration of the 50th anniversary since its institution in 1967. In the spirit of the meeting’s theme, “Binding the Past and Present,” the lecture and this review recognized the past by focusing on early, rigorous neuropsychological studies of alcoholism and their influence on research currently conducted using imaging methods enabling hypothesis testing of brain substrates of observed functional deficits. (JINS, 2017,23, 843–859)
The Neuropsychology of Movement and Movement Disorders: Neuroanatomical and Cognitive Considerations
Authors: Haaland Kathleen Y. , Dum Richard P. , Mutha Pratik K. , Strick Peter L. , Tröster Alexander I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper highlights major developments over the past two to three decades in the neuropsychology of movement and its disorders. We focus on studies in healthy individuals and patients, which have identified cognitive contributions to movement control and animal work that has delineated the neural circuitry that makes these interactions possible. We cover advances in three major areas: (1) the neuroanatomical aspects of the “motor” system with an emphasis on multiple parallel circuits that include cortical, corticostriate, and corticocerebellar connections; (2) behavioral paradigms that have enabled an appreciation of the cognitive influences on the preparation and execution of movement; and (3) hemispheric differences (exemplified by limb praxis, motor sequencing, and motor learning). Finally, we discuss the clinical implications of this work, and make suggestions for future research in this area. (JINS, 2017,23, 768–777)
What Does It Take to Search Organized? The Cognitive Correlates of Search Organization During Cancellation After Stroke
Authors: Ten Brink Antonia F. , Visser-Meily Johanna M.A. , Nijboer Tanja C.W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectives: Stroke could lead to deficits in organization of visual search. Cancellation tests are frequently used in standard neuropsychological assessment and appear suitable to measure search organization. The current aim was to evaluate which cognitive functions are associated with cancellation organization measures after stroke. Methods: Stroke patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation were included in this retrospective study. We performed exploratory factor analyses to explore cognitive domains. A digital shape cancellation test (SC) was administered, and measures of search organization (intersections rate and best r) were computed. The following cognitive functions were measured by neuropsychological testing: neglect (SC, line bisection; LB, Catherine Bergego Scale; CBS, and Balloons Test), visuospatial perception and construction (Rey Complex Figure Test, RCFT), psychomotor speed (Trail Making Test; TMT-A), executive functioning/working memory (TMT-B), spatial planning (Tower Test), rule learning (Brixton Test), short-term auditory memory (Digit Span Forward; DSF), and verbal working memory (Digit Span Backward; DSB). Results: In total, 439 stroke patients were included in our analyses. Four clusters were separated: “Executive functioning” (TMT-A, TMT-B, Brixton Test, and Tower Test), “Verbal memory” (DSF and DSB), “Search organization” (intersections rate and best r), and “Neglect” (CBS, RCFT copy, Balloons Test, SC, and LB). Conclusions: Search organization during cancellation, as measured with intersections rate and best r, seems a distinct cognitive construct compared to existing cognitive domains that are tested during neuropsychological assessment. Administering cancellation tests and analyzing measures of search organization could provide useful additional insights into the visuospatial processes of stroke patients. (JINS, 2018, 24, 424–436)
Predicate Pairing for program verification
Authors: DE ANGELIS EMANUELE , FIORAVANTI FABIO , PETTOROSSI ALBERTO , PROIETTI MAURIZIO 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is well-known that the verification of partial correctness properties of imperative programs can be reduced to the satisfiability problem for constrained Horn clauses (CHCs). However, state-of-the-art solvers for constrained Horn clauses (or CHC solvers) based onpredicate abstractionare sometimes unable to verify satisfiability because they look for models that are definable in a given class 𝓐 of constraints, called 𝓐-definable models. We introduce a transformation technique, calledPredicate Pairing, which is able, in many interesting cases, to transform a set of clauses into an equisatisfiable set whose satisfiability can be proved by finding an 𝓐-definable model, and hence can be effectively verified by a state-of-the-art CHC solver. In particular, we prove that, under very general conditions on 𝓐, the unfold/fold transformation rules preserve the existence of an 𝓐-definable model, that is, if the original clauses have an 𝓐-definable model, then the transformed clauses have an 𝓐-definable model. The converse does not hold in general, and we provide suitable conditions under which the transformed clauses have an 𝓐-definable modelif and only ifthe original ones have an 𝓐-definable model. Then, we present a strategy, called Predicate Pairing, which guides the application of the transformation rules with the objective of deriving a set of clauses whose satisfiability problem can be solved by looking for 𝓐-definable models. The Predicate Pairing (PP) strategy introduces a new predicate defined by the conjunction of two predicates occurring in the original set of clauses, together with a conjunction of constraints. We will show through some examples that an 𝓐-definable model may exist for the new predicate even if it does not exist for its defining atomic conjuncts. We will also present some case studies showing that Predicate Pairing plays a crucial role in the verification ofrelational properties of programs, that is, properties relating two programs (such as program equivalence) or two executions of the same program (such as non-interference). Finally, we perform an experimental evaluation of the proposed techniques to assess the effectiveness of Predicate Pairing in increasing the power of CHC solving.
Consumers' understanding and expectations of a community-based recovery-oriented mental health rehabilitation unit: a pragmatic grounded theory analysis
Authors: Parker Stephen , Dark Frances , Newman Ellie , Hanley Dominic , McKinlay William , Meurk Carla 
Published: December 2017

Aims.Incorporating consumer perspectives into mental health services design is important in working to deliver recovery-oriented care. One of the challenges faced in mental health rehabilitation services is limited consumer engagement with the available support. Listening to consumers’ expectations of mental health services, and what they hope to achieve, provides an opportunity to examine the alignment between existing services and the priorities and preferences of the people who use them. We explored consumer understandings and expectations of three recovery-oriented community-based residential mental-health rehabilitation units using semi-structured interviews; two of these units were trialling a staffing model integrating peer support with clinical care.Methods.Twenty-four consumers completed semi-structured interviews with an independent interviewer during the first 6 weeks of their stay at the rehabilitation unit. Most participants had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or a related psychotic disorder (87%). A pragmatic approach to grounded theory guided the analysis, facilitating identification of content and themes, and the development of an overarching conceptual map.Results.The rehabilitation units were considered to provide a transformational space and a transitional place. The most common reason given for engagement was housing insecurity or homelessness rather than the opportunity for rehabilitation engagement. Differences in expectations did not emerge between consumers entering the clinical and integrated staffing model sites.Conclusions.Consumers understand the function of the rehabilitation service they are entering. However, receiving rehabilitation support may not be the key driver of their attendance. This finding has implications for promoting consumer engagement with rehabilitation services. The absence of differences between the integrated and clinical staffing models may reflect the novelty of the rehabilitation context. The study highlights the need for staff to find better ways to increase consumer awareness of the potential relevance of evidence-based rehabilitation support to facilitating their recovery.
Improvement of Self-regulated Learning in Mathematics through a Hypermedia Application: Differences based on Academic Performance and Previous Knowledge
Authors: Cueli Marisol , Rodríguez Celestino , Areces Débora , García Trinidad , González-Castro Paloma 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSelf-regulation on behalf of the student is crucial in learning Mathematics through hypermedia applications and is an even greater challenge in these IT environments. Two aims are formulated. First, to analyze the effectiveness of a hypermedia tool in improving perceived knowledge of self-regulatory strategies and the perceived usage of the planning, executing and assessment strategy on behalf of students with low, medium and high levels of academic performance. Second, to analyze the effectiveness of the hypermedia tool in improving perceived usage of the strategy for planning, monitoring and evaluating on behalf of students with a perceived knowledge (low, medium and high). Participants were 624 students (aged 10–13), classified into a treatment group (TG; 391) and a comparative group (CG; 233). They completed a questionnaire on perceived knowledge (Perceived Knowledge of Self-Regulatory Strategies) and another one on perceived usage of the strategy for planning, performing and evaluating (Inventory of Self-regulatory Learning Processes). Univariate covariance analyses (ANCOVAs) and Student-t tests were used. ANCOVA results were not statistically significant. However, the linear contrast indicated a significant improvement in perceived knowledge of strategies among the TG with low, medium and high academic performance (p ≤ .001). Results are discussed in the light of past and future research.
Word and Nonword Repetition Abilities in Spanish Language: Longitudinal Evidence from Typically Developing and Late Talking Children
Authors: Rujas Irene , Mariscal Sonia , Casla Marta , Lázaro Miguel , Murillo Eva 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined the early word and nonword repetition abilities of monolingual Spanish speaking children. We explored the role that word status, word length, and time play in repetition performance of children with different vocabulary levels. We also examined the predictive value of vocabulary level in repetition abilities. Thirty-seven children participated in this study: 15 late talkers and 22 typically developing children. Families completed the Spanish version of the MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventory (MCDI) at age 2; children performed a word and nonword repetition task at three different moments, with a temporal interval of 6 months between Time 1 and Time 2, and eight months between Time 2 and Time 3, periods during which linguistic development takes place. We found significant effects for word status, word length, vocabulary level and time: words are repeated better than nonwords; one syllable items are easier to repeat than two and three syllable ones; the performance of late talking children is lower compared to typically developing children throughout the study; and repetition abilities improve longitudinally. In addition, early vocabulary level predicts subsequent repetition abilities and early nonword repetition abilities predict future nonword repetition performance.
Institutions, Norms, and Accountability: A Corruption Experiment with Northern and Southern Italians
Authors: Zhang Nan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAnti-corruption research has highlighted the potential for grassroots monitoring to improve governance outcomes, but the conditions under which citizens are willing to report bribery remain under-studied. Are individuals from some societies socialized into a “culture of corruption” that makes them more accepting of malfeasance, or is the failure to denounce wrongdoing simply a response to low-quality enforcement institutions? I conduct a laboratory experiment to examine how the propensity to report corruption differs between Northern and Southern Italians, two populations experiencing different levels of corruption in everyday life. For each group, I experimentally manipulate the quality of enforcement institutions. When given high-quality institutions, all participants are more willing to report corruption. Moreover, Southerners and Northerners behave similarly when placed within the same institutional environments. These results suggest that high-corruption societies are not “culturally” predisposed to tolerate malfeasance. Rather, improving the capacity of enforcement institutions may significantly strengthen accountability norms.
Unacylated ghrelin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in a model of ischemia/reperfusion liver injury
Authors: Rossetti Alberto , Togliatto Gabriele , Rolo Anabela P , Teodoro João S , Granata Riccarda , Ghigo Ezio , Columbano Amedeo , Palmeira Carlos M , Brizzi Maria Felice 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of liver dysfunction during hepatectomy, liver transplantation procedures and in generalized shock. Although effort has been dedicated to rescuing tissue damage in these clinical settings, there is still an urgent need for an effective treatment to protect the liver from the burden of I/R injury. In this study, we have investigated the potential clinical impact of unacylated-ghrelin (UnAG) in a liver I/R rat model. Particular attention has been paid to mitochondria. We demonstrate that UnAG was able to reduce the lag-phase time in response to ADP administration and increase oxygen consumption inex vivoexperiments using liver mitochondria recovered from rats subjected to I/R. Moreover, we found that UnAG rescued the expression of a key regulator of mitochondrial morphology and electron transport chain function; the optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) protein. Cytochromecoxidase (COX), ATP synthase (complex V) activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were also affected by UnAG administrationin vivo. Anin vitro, hepatic I/R model was used to validate these data. We demonstrate that UnAG upregulates the expression of Cox subunit IV (CoxIV) and increases cellular ATP content. This results in Bcl-2 upregulation and protection against apoptosis. Opa1 silencing shows that Opa1 is crucial for a UnAG-induced increase in cellular ATP content, apoptosis resistance, Bcl-2 and CoxIV expression. Finally, we show that UnAG improves Opa1’s interaction with MIC60 in the I/R setting, hinting at its role in cristae shape regulation. Our results demonstrate that UnAG administration rescues the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway triggered by I/R damage. Opa1’s contribution in mediating this effect is also reported. This suggests that UnAG can interfere with mitochondrial dysfunction, via Opa1, in a preclinical liver I/R model. We therefore provide the rationale for exploiting UnAG as an alternative means to rescuing mitochondrial damage and organ dysfunction.
Photomechanical meta-molecule array for real-time terahertz imaging
Authors: Wen Yongzheng , Jia Delin , Ma Wei , Feng Yun , Liu Ming , Dong Liquan , Zhao Yuejin , Yu Xiaomei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReal-time terahertz (THz) imaging offers remarkable application possibilities, especially in the security and medical fields. However, most THz detectors work with scanners, and a long image acquisition time is required. Some thermal detectors can achieve real-time imaging by using a focal plane array but have the drawbacks of low sensitivity due to a lack of suitable absorbing materials. In this study, we propose a novel photomechanical meta-molecule array by conveniently assembling THz meta-atom absorbers and bi-material cantilevers together, which can couple THz radiation to a mechanical deflection of the meta-molecules with high efficiency. By optically reading out the mechanical deflections of all of the meta-molecules simultaneously, real-time THz imaging can be achieved. A polyimide sacrificial layer technique was developed to fabricate the device on a glass wafer, which facilitates the transmission of a readout light while the THz wave radiates onto the meta-molecule array directly from the front side. THz images and video of various objects as well as infrared images of the human body were captured successfully with the fabricated meta-molecule array. The proposed photomechanical device holds promise in applications in single and broadband THz as well as infrared imaging.
Ballistic geometric resistance resonances in a single surface of a topological insulator
Authors: Maier Hubert , Ziegler Johannes , Fischer Ralf , Kozlov Dmitriy , Kvon Ze Don , Mikhailov Nikolay , Dvoretsky Sergey A. , Weiss Dieter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTransport in topological matter has shown a variety of novel phenomena over the past decade. Although numerous transport studies have been conducted on three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs), study of ballistic motion and thus exploration of potential landscapes on a hundred nanometer scale is for the prevalent TI materials almost impossible due to their low carrier mobility. Therefore, it is unknown whether helical Dirac electrons in TIs, bound to interfaces between topologically distinct materials, can be manipulated on the nanometer scale by local gates or locally etched regions. Here we impose a submicron periodic potential onto a single surface of Dirac electrons in high-mobility strained mercury telluride (HgTe), which is a strong TI. Pronounced geometric resistance resonances constitute the clear-cut observation of a ballistic effect in three-dimensional TIs.
Systematic screening of generic drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis identifies clomipramine as a promising therapeutic
Authors: Faissner Simon , Mishra Manoj , Kaushik Deepak K. , Wang Jianxiong , Fan Yan , Silva Claudia , Rauw Gail , Metz Luanne , Koch Marcus , Yong V. Wee 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is unsatisfactory. One reason is that the drivers of disease, which include iron-mediated neurotoxicity, lymphocyte activity, and oxidative stress, are not simultaneously targeted. Here we present a systematic screen to identify generic, orally available medications that target features of progressive MS. Of 249 medications that cross the blood–brain barrier, 35 prevent iron-mediated neurotoxicity in culture. Of these, several antipsychotics and antidepressants strongly reduce T-cell proliferation and oxidative stress. We focus on the antidepressant clomipramine and found that it additionally inhibits B-lymphocyte activity. In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of MS, clomipramine ameliorates clinical signs of acute and chronic phases. Histologically, clomipramine reduces inflammation and microglial activation, and preserves axonal integrity. In summary, we present a systematic approach to identify generic medications for progressive multiple sclerosis with the potential to advance rapidly into clinical trials, and we highlight clomipramine for further development.