bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embodying Industrial Knowledge: An Epistemological Approach to the Formation of Body Knowledge in the Fitness Industry
Authors: Parviainen Jaana 
Published: December 2017

This paper has two objectives: 1) to develop a coherent epistemological approach to clarify the concept of body knowledge and 2) to analyze the role of body knowledge in business-driven fitness environments. The epistemological analysis is built on phenomenological and feminist discussions on embodiment to clarify the power mechanisms and agency behind the profit-making interests of the fitness industry. I introduce two conceptions of body knowledge—bodily knowledge and embodied knowledge—that are on opposite ends of the same continuum. My analysis suggests that there are several reasons why embodied knowledge is fostered while bodily knowledge remains marginal in the fitness industry. The paper concludes that the business-driven work environment equips group fitness instructors with performative skills but offers few opportunities to develop professional judgment agency and expertise.
Successive Emergence of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance through Distinct Genomic Adaptations in
bla
KPC-2
-Harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 307 Isolates
Authors: Giddins Marla J. , Macesic Nenad , Annavajhala Medini K. , Stump Stephania , Khan Sabrina , McConville Thomas H. , Mehta Monica , Gomez-Simmonds Angela , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a promising novel treatment for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE). Despite improved treatment outcomes compared to those achieved with aminoglycoside- and colistin-based regimens, the rapid evolution of CAZ-AVI resistance during treatment has previously been reported in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
sequence type 258 (ST258)
bla
KPC-3
-harboring isolates. Here, we report the stepwise evolution and isolation of two phenotypically distinct CAZ-AVI-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates from a patient with pancreatitis. All susceptible (
n
= 3) and resistant (
n
= 5) isolates were of the ST307 clonal background, a rapidly emerging clone. Taking advantage of short-read Illumina and long-read Oxford Nanopore sequencing and full-length assembly of the core chromosome and plasmids, we demonstrate that CAZ-AVI resistance first occurred through a 532G → T
bla
KPC-2
point mutation in
bla
KPC-2
(D179Y protein substitution) following only 12 days of CAZ-AVI exposure. While subsequent isolates exhibited substantially decreased meropenem (MEM) MICs (≤2 μg/ml), later cultures demonstrated a second CAZ-AVI resistance phenotype with a lower CAZ-AVI MIC (12 μg/ml) but also MEM resistance (MIC > 128 μg/ml). These CAZ-AVI- and MEM-resistant isolates showed evidence of multiple genomic adaptations, mainly through insertions and deletions. This included amplification and transposition of wild-type
bla
KPC-2
into a novel plasmid, an IS
1
insertion upstream of
ompK36
, and disruption of the
rfb
gene locus in these isolates. Our findings illustrate the potential of CAZ-AVI resistance to emerge in non-
K. pneumoniae
ST258 clonal backgrounds and alternative
bla
KPC
variants. These results raise concerns about the strong selective pressures incurred by novel carbapenemase inhibitors, such as avibactam, on isolates previously considered invulnerable to CAZ-AVI resistance. There is an urgent need to further characterize non-KPC-mediated modes of carbapenem resistance and the intrinsic bacterial factors that facilitate the rapid emergence of resistance during treatment.
An Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Accelerate Clearance of Salmonella Infections in Poultry through Modifications to the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Azcarate-Peril M. Andrea , Butz Natasha , Cadenas Maria Belen , Koci Matthew , Ballou Anne , Mendoza Mary , Ali Rizwana , Hassan Hosni 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
is estimated to cause one million foodborne illnesses in the United States every year.
Salmonella
-contaminated poultry products are one of the major sources of salmonellosis. Given the critical role of the gut microbiota in
Salmonella
transmission, a manipulation of the chicken intestinal microenvironment could prevent animal colonization by the pathogen. In
Salmonella
, the global regulator gene
fnr
(
f
umarate
n
itrate
r
eduction) regulates anaerobic metabolism and is essential for adapting to the gut environment. This study tested the hypothesis that an attenuated Fnr mutant of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (attST) or prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) could improve resistance to wild-type
Salmonella
via modifications to the structure of the chicken gut microbiome. Intestinal samples from a total of 273 animals were collected weekly for 9 weeks to evaluate the impact of attST or prebiotic supplementation on microbial species of the cecum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. We next analyzed changes to the gut microbiome induced by challenging the animals with a wild-type
Salmonella
serovar 4,[5],12:r:− (Nal
r
) strain and determined the clearance rate of the virulent strain in the treated and control groups. Both GOS and the attenuated
Salmonella
strain modified the gut microbiome but elicited alterations of different taxonomic groups. The attST produced significant increases of
Alistipes
and undefined
Lactobacillus
, while GOS increased
Christensenellaceae
and
Lactobacillus reuteri
. The microbiome structural changes induced by both treatments resulted in a faster clearance after a
Salmonella
challenge.

IMPORTANCE
With an average annual incidence of 13.1 cases/100,000 individuals, salmonellosis has been deemed a nationally notifiable condition in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Earlier studies demonstrated that
Salmonella
is transmitted by a subset of animals (supershedders). The supershedder phenotype can be induced by antibiotics, ascertaining an essential role for the gut microbiota in
Salmonella
transmission. Consequently, modulation of the gut microbiota and modification of the intestinal microenvironment could assist in preventing animal colonization by the pathogen. Our study demonstrated that a manipulation of the chicken gut microbiota by the administration of an attenuated
Salmonella
strain or prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can promote resistance to
Salmonella
colonization via increases of beneficial microorganisms that translate into a less hospitable gut microenvironment.
Autoinducer 2-Dependent Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation Is Enhanced in a Dual-Species Coculture
Authors: Laganenka Leanid , Sourjik Victor 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Biofilms in nature typically consist of multiple species, and microbial interactions are likely to have crucial effects on biofilm development, structure, and functions. The best-understood form of communication within bacterial communities involves the production, release, and detection of signal molecules (autoinducers), known as quorum sensing. Although autoinducers mainly promote intraspecies communication, autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is produced and detected by a variety of bacteria, thus principally allowing interspecies communication. Here we show the importance of AI-2-mediated signaling in the formation of mixed biofilms by
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Escherichia coli
. Our results demonstrate that AI-2 produced by
E. faecalis
promotes collective behaviors of
E. coli
at lower cell densities, enhancing autoaggregation of
E. coli
but also leading to chemotaxis-dependent coaggregation between the two species. Finally, we show that formation of such mixed dual-species biofilms increases the stress resistance of both
E. coli
and
E. faecalis
.

IMPORTANCE
The role of interspecies communication in the development of mixed microbial communities is becoming increasingly apparent, but specific examples of such communication remain limited. The universal signal molecule AI-2 is well known to regulate cell-density-dependent phenotypes of many bacterial species but, despite its potential for interspecies communication, the role of AI-2 in the establishment of multispecies communities is not well understood. In this study, we explore AI-2 signaling in a dual-species community containing two bacterial species that naturally cooccur in their mammalian hosts, i.e.,
Escherichia coli
and
Enterococcus faecalis
. We show that active production of AI-2 by
E. faecalis
allows
E. coli
to perform collective behaviors at low cell densities. Additionally, AI-2- and chemotaxis-dependent coaggregation with
E. faecalis
creates nucleation zones for rapid growth of
E. coli
microcolonies in mixed biofilms and enhances the stress resistance of both species.
Identification of Residues Controlling Restriction versus Enhancing Activities of IFITM Proteins on Entry of Human Coronaviruses
Authors: Zhao Xuesen , Sehgal Mohit , Hou Zhifei , Cheng Junjun , Shu Sainan , Wu Shuo , Guo Fang , Le Marchand Sylvain J. , Lin Hanxin , Chang Jinhong , Guo Ju-Tao 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are restriction factors that inhibit the infectious entry of many enveloped RNA viruses. However, we demonstrated previously that human IFITM2 and IFITM3 are essential host factors facilitating the entry of human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43. In a continuing effort to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying IFITM differential modulation of HCoV entry, we investigated the roles of structural motifs important for IFITM protein posttranslational modifications, intracellular trafficking, and oligomerization in modulating the entry of five HCoVs. We found that three distinct mutations in IFITM1 or IFITM3 converted the host restriction factors to enhance entry driven by the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and/or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). First, replacement of IFITM3 tyrosine 20 with either alanine or aspartic acid to mimic unphosphorylated or phosphorylated IFITM3 reduced its activity to inhibit the entry of HCoV-NL63 and -229E but enhanced the entry of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Second, replacement of IFITM3 tyrosine 99 with either alanine or aspartic acid reduced its activity to inhibit the entry of HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV but promoted the entry of MERS-CoV. Third, deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 12 amino acid residues from IFITM1 enhanced the entry of MERS-CoV and HCoV-OC43. These findings suggest that these residues and structural motifs of IFITM proteins are key determinants for modulating the entry of HCoVs, most likely through interaction with viral and/or host cellular components at the site of viral entry to modulate the fusion of viral envelope and cellular membranes.

IMPORTANCE
The differential effects of IFITM proteins on the entry of HCoVs that utilize divergent entry pathways and membrane fusion mechanisms even when using the same receptor make the HCoVs a valuable system for comparative investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying IFITM restriction or promotion of virus entry into host cells. Identification of three distinct mutations that converted IFITM1 or IFITM3 from inhibitors to enhancers of MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV spike protein-mediated entry revealed key structural motifs or residues determining the biological activities of IFITM proteins. These findings have thus paved the way for further identification of viral and host factors that interact with those structural motifs of IFITM proteins to differentially modulate the infectious entry of HCoVs.
Socioeconomic differences in self-medication among middle-aged and older people: data from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Chang Jie , Wang Qing , Fang Yu 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesSelf-medication with over-the-counter medicines (OTCs) and prescription-only medicines (POMs) are both pervasive in China, although the latter is an inappropriate practice. We examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-medication with OTCs versus POMs.MethodsMultivariate logistic regressions based on the Andersen framework were estimated using a subsample of respondents aged 45 years and over from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study collected between 2011 and 2013 (n=23 699). As dependent variables, we used OTC and POM consumption without a medical prescription. SES was operationalised by household income per capita and education. Control variables included health indicators, demographic characteristics, and health behaviours.ResultsIn our study sample, 32.69% and 15.02% of people aged 45 years and over had self-medicated with OTCs and POMs in the 4 weeks before the survey, respectively. OTC use by income exhibited an inverse U shape. Respondents from middle income groups were more likely to self-medicate with OTCs compared with those from the lowest and highest income groups. In contrast, respondents from the lowest income group were more inclined to self-medicate with POMs. There was a clear trend towards more self-medication with OTCs, but not POMs, among those with higher educational attainment.ConclusionPeople with low income tended to rely on self-medication with POMs for treatment, which is risky and of low quality. A health education programme for older people, particularly those living in low-income households, aimed at improving the quality of self-medication behaviour is warranted. Urgent measures are needed to address the issue of easy access to POMs at community pharmacies, and to improve access to formal medical care among the low-income population.
Likelihood that expectations of informal care will be met at onset of caregiving need: a retrospective study of older adults in the USA
Authors: Abrahamson Kathleen , Hass Zachary , Sands Laura 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundAgeing adults are likely to expect informal caregiving assistance from a friend or family member, reflecting the reality that most long-term care (LTC) is provided by family and friends. The purpose of the study was to determine the likelihood that expectations of care will be unmet at the onset of functional disability, and the factors that impact that likelihood.MethodsCommunity-dwelling respondents from biannual repeated assessments (2006–2010) of the Health and Retirement Study over age 65 who expressed a caregiving expectation prior to need were included in the final analytical sample (n=1352). Logistic regression and change models were specified to address impact of variables on unmet expectations.ResultsExpectations of care were unmet for almost one-third (32%) of the sample, among whom 30% were not receiving needed care. Unmet expectations were associated with being unmarried, older and having a higher number of ADL deficits. Change over time in the number of predictor variables influenced the likelihood of unmet expectations.ConclusionsUnplanned dependence on formal care systems and/or having unmet care needs places elders at risk of negative outcomes. Knowledge of factors that impact whether expected care is eventually received provides robust evidence for counselling individuals regarding the need to plan for additional LTC services.
Strongly coupled gauge theories: What can lattice calculations teach us?
Authors: Hasenfratz A. , Brower R. C. , Rebbi C. , Weinberg E. , Witzel O. 
Published: December 2017

The dynamical origin of electroweak symmetry breaking is an open question with many possible theoretical explanations. Strongly coupled systems predicting the Higgs boson as a bound state of a new gauge-fermion interaction form one class of candidate models. Due to increased statistics, LHC run II will further constrain the phenomenologically viable models in the near future. In the meanwhile it is important to understand the general properties and specific features of the different competing models. In this work we discuss many-flavor gauge-fermion systems that contain both massless (light) and massive fermions. The former provide Goldstone bosons and trigger electroweak symmetry breaking, while the latter indirectly influence the infrared dynamics. Numerical results reveal that such systems can exhibit a light [Formula: see text] isosinglet scalar, well separated from the rest of the spectrum. Further, when we set the scale via the vev of electroweak symmetry breaking, we predict a 2 TeV vector resonance which could be a generic feature of SU(3) gauge theories.
ConsensusDriver Improves upon Individual Algorithms for Predicting Driver Alterations in Different Cancer Types and Individual Patients
Authors: Bertrand Denis , Drissler Sibyl , Chia Burton K. , Koh Jia Yu , Li Chenhao , Suphavilai Chayaporn , Tan Iain Beehuat , Nagarajan Niranjan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Existing cancer driver prediction methods are based on very different assumptions and each of them can detect only a particular subset of driver genes. Here we perform a comprehensive assessment of 18 driver prediction methods on more than 3,400 tumor samples from 15 cancer types, all to determine their suitability in guiding precision medicine efforts. We categorized these methods into five groups: functional impact on proteins in general (FI) or specific to cancer (FIC), cohort-based analysis for recurrent mutations (CBA), mutations with expression correlation (MEC), and methods that use gene interaction network-based analysis (INA). The performance of driver prediction methods varied considerably, with concordance with a gold standard varying from 9% to 68%. FI methods showed relatively poor performance (concordance &lt;22%), while CBA methods provided conservative results but required large sample sizes for high sensitivity. INA methods, through the integration of genomic and transcriptomic data, and FIC methods, by training cancer-specific models, provided the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. As the methods were found to predict different subsets of driver genes, we propose a novel consensus-based approach, ConsensusDriver, which significantly improves the quality of predictions (20% increase in sensitivity) in patient subgroups or even individual patients. Consensus-based methods like ConsensusDriver promise to harness the strengths of different driver prediction paradigms.
Significance: These findings assess state-of-the-art cancer driver prediction methods and develop a new and improved consensus-based approach for use in precision oncology. Cancer Res; 78(1); 290–301. ©2017 AACR.
Tenascin-C Promotes Tumor Cell Migration and Metastasis through Integrin α9β1–Mediated YAP Inhibition
Authors: Sun Zhen , Schwenzer Anja , Rupp Tristan , Murdamoothoo Devadarssen , Vegliante Rolando , Lefebvre Olivier , Klein Annick , Hussenet Thomas , Orend Gertraud 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTenascin-C is an extracellular matrix molecule that drives progression of many types of human cancer, but the basis for its actions remains obscure. In this study, we describe a cell-autonomous signaling mechanism explaining how tenascin-C promotes cancer cell migration in the tumor microenvironment. In a murine xenograft model of advanced human osteosarcoma, tenascin-C and its receptor integrin α9β1 were determined to be essential for lung metastasis of tumor cells. We determined that activation of this pathway also reduced tumor cell–autonomous expression of target genes for the transcription factor YAP. In clinical specimens, a genetic signature comprising four YAP target genes represents prognostic impact. Taken together, our results illuminate how tumor cell deposition of tenascin-C in the tumor microenvironment promotes invasive migration and metastatic progression.Significance: These results illuminate how the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C in the tumor microenvironment promotes invasive migration and metastatic progression by employing integrin α9β1, abolishing actin stress fiber formation, inhibiting YAP and its target gene expression, with potential implications for cancer prognosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 78(4); 950–61. ©2017 AACR.
Prediagnostic Antibodies to Serum p53 and Subsequent Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Teras Lauren R. , Gapstur Susan M. , Maliniak Maret L. , Jacobs Eric J. , Gansler Ted , Michel Angelika , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , Campbell Peter T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background: The presence of circulating antibodies to the p53 tumor suppressor protein is a potential early detection colorectal cancer biomarker. However, studies of prediagnostic measures of p53 seropositivity in relation to colorectal cancer risk are limited.
Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study of serum p53 autoantibodies and risk of colorectal cancer within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Among cohort participants who were cancer free at the time of blood collection, 392 were subsequently diagnosed with colorectal cancer over 11 years of follow-up. Two controls were matched to each case on birth date, blood draw date, race, and sex. Autoantibodies to p53 were detected in 41 of the 392 cases (10.5%) and 49 of the 774 controls (6.3%).
Results: Participants who were seropositive for p53 antibodies before diagnosis were more likely to be subsequently diagnosed with colorectal cancer [RR = 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–2.78]. This association was strongest within 3 years of diagnosis (RR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.06–4.83). An association was also suggested when colorectal cancer was diagnosed 4 to &lt;6 years after p53 measurement (RR = 1.84; 95% CI, 0.89–3.79), but not 6 or more years later (RR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.44–2.99).
Conclusions: If these results are confirmed, serum p53 antibodies may be useful on a panel of early detection markers for colorectal cancer.
Impact: Individuals who were seropositive for p53 antibodies were twice as likely to develop colorectal cancer within the next 3 years compared with those who were seronegative. This marker is a good candidate for inclusion on an early detection marker panel for colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 219–23. ©2017 AACR.
Urinary Incontinence, Patient Satisfaction, and Decisional Regret after Prostate Cancer Treatment: A French National Study
Authors: Albkri Abdullah , Girier David , Mestre Alain , Costa Pierre , Droupy Stéphane , Chevrot Armand 
Published: December 2017

Background: Complications of prostate cancer treatments have a substantial impact on the patient’s quality of life. We evaluated the prevalence of urinary consequences and factors affecting patient satisfaction and decisional regret after treatment. Methods: A retrospective self-administered questionnaire was sent to all members of the National Association of Prostate Cancer Patients in France. Results: From the 226 completed questionnaires received, the following information was obtained: 110 patients underwent surgery only, 29 received radiotherapy plus hormone therapy, 28 received radiotherapy only, and 49 received other combination treatments. The median follow-up period was 58.1 months. After treatment, the presence of urinary incontinence was reported by 34.5% of patients treated by radical prostatectomy, by 10.3% treated by radiotherapy plus hormone therapy, by 17.8% treated by curitherapy or radiotherapy only, and by 38.7% treated by other combination therapy (p = 0.01). The main reasons for decisional regret were the fact that patients received incomplete information about prostate cancer (40%) and consequences of treatment that affected the urinary system (34%). The information received about cancer was considered complete in 32.3% of the satisfied group and 14.3% of the decisional regret group (p = 0.003) and with regard to urinary incontinence the information received was considered complete in 41.4 and 17.4% respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Urinary consequences of prostate cancer treatment are common and impact the quality of life. Patients need clear information to be able to participate in therapeutic decision-making and to avoid subsequent decisional regret.