bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian companies ignoring HR issues
Authors: Beal Brian 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent of corporate disclosure on human resources (HR) in the annual reports of top-performing Indian companies.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper explores the extent to which top 82 companies from India present information about HR in their annual reports. This paper examines the annual reports of each of the top Indian firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, using the “content analysis” method. Statistical tests have been performed to analyze the difference between the HR disclosure score across public and private sectors and disclosure variations among various industrial sectors.

Findings
In-house training programmers has been noticed to be the favorite item of disclosure followed by safety awards/certifications and statements regarding cordial relations with the employees/unions. A majority of the Indian firms have ignored significant HR issues such as employee welfare fund, maternity/paternity leaves, holiday benefits, employee loans, adopting old age homes, etc. Overall, the paper reflects low HR-related disclosures.

Originality/value
This is the first paper on the disclosure of HR by the Indian corporate sector in the CSR domain with a disclosure analysis for a period of nine years. This paper provides new directions for the literature in this area and may promote comparative studies on HR-based studies from different perspectives.
Entrepreneurs need to be pitch perfect
Authors: Wheatcroft John 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Examines the skills needed to present a good two-minute pitch for a product or service which has been created by the “pitcher”.

Design/methodology/approach
Aims to analyze successful entrepreneurial pitches to provide practical pitch-related advice to entrepreneurs and to business school instructors – the people developing materials to teach the necessary skills.

Findings
Uses a ten-stage discourse framework to reveal the linguistic and rhetorical skills required to make good pitches. Although good pitchers will probably have an instinctive ability to use the appropriate linguistic, grammatical and syntactic features, the analysis here offers an intellectual understanding of a process which can never be entirely mastered instinctively.

Originality/value
The entrepreneurial pitch has, in all likelihood, never been deconstructed in this way, using rhetorical and linguistic discourse analysis.
Being psychologically absent at work
Authors: Cole Graham 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Addressing job boredom will be well down the list of priorities for most employers. Such indifference is ill-judged though. Damaging effects are likely and firms should be aware of that fact. Job boredom is often defined as a lack of interest in workplace tasks. Poor engagement guarantees that the employee involved will fail to properly utilize his or her capabilities. And since productivity takes an inevitable hit, the significance for companies is readily apparent.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent, information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format
Food consumption and manufacturing output
Authors: Cole Graham 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Recent decades have witnessed growing concerns about obesity and serious medical conditions. These issues are especially prominent in the USA. One significant consequence is a stronger commitment toward improving health in the workplace. It is widely accepted that positive correlation exists between employee well-being and productivity. The reverse is also true though. Chronic disease among the workforce invariably affects the organization’s ability to compete with its rivals. An inevitable rise in healthcare costs further heightens the negative fallout.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent, information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Pharmaceutical megamergers’ dependence on existing products
Authors: Quiroz Karicia 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Recent developments suggest that pharmaceutical companies are acquiring existing products through mergers to improve their business models; however, this paper aims to emphasize R&D as a strategy to boost revenues and counteract the risks of existing products that may be unreliable. In light of Pfizer’s upcoming US$160 billion merger deal with Allergan, the paper’s objective is to illuminate the outcomes of Pfizer’s previous megamergers (>US$10 billion) to indicate what could happen to the company’s economic profits if it only focused on the acquisition of established drugs instead of diversifying and creating new products.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a combination of industry studies to make an assessment of the economic implications of conducting a megamerger (highlighting the need for further R&D). The assessment included a review of Pfizer’s M&A outcomes in two of its previous megamergers and an evaluation of a McKinsey study conducted on the economic impact of 17 pharmaceutical megamergers.

Findings
The paper provides insights on the negative profit outcomes in Pfizer’s past megamergers. Furthermore, the positive profit outcomes of pharmaceutical megamergers demonstrate that other M&A motives, such as R&D rationalization and product diversification, may be responsible for bringing up the group’s performance. Investing in R&D would be a good strategy for Pfizer to counteract the risk of relying on existing products as revenue generators.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The paper suggests that Pfizer should place more emphasis on R&D as a revenue generator in face of its upcoming US$160 billion megamerger with Allergan, despite the current industry trends favouring the acquisition of existing products.
Three high profile airline M&As
Authors: Thomas Mark , Vaillant Guillaume 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the success of the three main mergers that have taken place in the US airline industry since 2008. Delta and Northwest, then Continental and United and finally US Airways and American Airlines have all tied the corporate knot. This is the latest attempt of the industry to improve profits and to fight off low cost rivals. What then is the current assessment of the three new major airlines?

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
The reforms that began through deregulation under President Carter in the late 1970’s have led to a series of major airline mergers over the past decade. This has certainly improved their profits in the short term and led to a more robust strategic position. None of this though should hide the fact that they have been operating with a major tail wind in the form of falling oil prices. As prices rise again, the airlines will face a sterner test.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Drones in sight: rapid growth through M&A’s in a soaring new industry
Authors: Weissbach Dyveke , Tebbe Kathryn 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the recent developments within the non-military drone industry, and the increase thereafter of investment within the industry through mergers and acquisitions.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
The rapid growth of the drone industry has caught the interest of firms and one mode of entry for many of these firms has been through mergers and acquisitions of emerging drone companies. Although the commercial-drone industry is still in its early stages, market consolidations and major investments are occurring despite strict governmental regulations.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Host phenology and potential saprotrophism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the boreal forest
Authors: Hupperts Stefan F. , Karst Justine , Pritsch Karin , Landhäusser Simon M. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Phenology‐induced changes in carbon assimilation by trees may affect carbon stored in fine roots and as a consequence, alter carbon allocated to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two competing models exist to explain carbon mobilization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Under the ‘saprotrophy model’, decreased allocation of carbon may induce saprotrophic behaviour in ectomycorrhizal fungi, resulting in the decomposition of organic matter to mobilize carbon. Alternatively, under the ‘nutrient acquisition model’, decomposition may instead be driven by the acquisition of nutrients locked within soil organic matter compounds, with carbon mobilization a secondary process.

We tested whether phenology‐induced shifts in carbon reserves of fine roots of aspen (Populus tremuloides) affect potential activity of four carbon‐compound degrading enzymes, β‐glucuronidase, β‐glucosidase, N‐acetylglucosaminidase and laccase, by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal roots from mature aspen were collected across eight stands in north‐eastern Alberta, Canada, and analysed during tree dormancy, leaf flush, full leaf expansion and leaf abscission. We predicted potential extracellular enzyme activity to be highest when root carbon reserves were lowest, should host phenology induce saprotrophism. Further, we anticipated enzyme activity to be mediated by invertase, a plant‐derived enzyme which makes carbon available to fungal symbionts in the plant–fungus interface.

Root carbon reserves were positively correlated with invertase, suggesting phenology may affect carbon allocation to ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, of the four enzymes, host phenology had the largest effect on β‐glucuronidase, but activity of this enzyme was not correlated with root carbon reserves or invertase. Low‐biomass ectomycorrhizas had greater potential laccase activity than high‐biomass ectomycorrhizas, highlighting discrete functional traits in fungi for litter decomposition.

Our results suggest that the decomposition of organic matter may be driven by foraging by fungi for nutrients locked within organic compounds rather than for mobilizing carbon. Furthermore, the potential ability to degrade lignin was more common in low‐biomass ectomycorrhizas when compared to high‐biomass ectomycorrhizas.

A Lay Summary is available for this article.
Phylogenetic analyses of the isonychiid mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) in the northeast palearctic region
Authors: Saito Rie , Jo JaeIck , Sekiné Kazuki , Bae Yeon Jae , Tojo Koji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe investigated the molecular phylogeny of isonychiid mayflies inhabiting the East Palearctic region, Isonychia (Isonychia) japonica, Isonychia (Isonychia) ignota, Isonychia (Isonychia) ussurica and Isonychia (Prinoides) shima. We discuss their genetic structures, phylogeny and phylogeography. We collected a total of 100 specimens of isonychiid mayfly species from 47 localities of the Northeast Palearctic region (the Japanese archipelago, the Korean peninsula, the Russian Far East and Mongolia). We analyzed the DNA sequences at the mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA regions, and the nuDNA Histone H3 region. As a result of our genetic analyses of the four Northeast Palearctic isonychiid mayflies, their monophyly at the species level was supported by both the mtDNA (COI and 16S rRNA regions) and the nuDNA (Histone H3 region). In addition, it also became clear that significantly large genetic differentiation exists at the inter‐species level; thus, the relationship of “shima + (japonica + (ignota + ussurica))” is supported. Among the four isonychiid mayflies of the Northeast Palearctic area, I. (P.) shima was shown to be a basal‐most linage within the included species
First record of the subfamily Cylloceriinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from South Korea with description of one new species
Authors: Choi Jin‐Kyung , Lee Jong‐Wook 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSouth Korean species of the genus Cylloceria Schiødte (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cylloceriinae) are reviewed. Five species of Cylloceria and the subfamily Cylloceriinae are reported for the first time from South Korea, including one new species, Cylloceria koreensis sp. nov. and four unrecorded species, Cylloceria aino (Uchida ), Cylloceria melancholica (Gravenhorst ), Cylloceria orientalis Humala and Cylloceria ussuriensis Humala . Descriptions with photographs of the new species, diagnoses and a key to South Korean species of Cylloceria are provided.
Effect of intravenous lidocaine combined with amitriptyline on pain intensity, clinical manifestations and the concentrations ofIL‐1,IL‐6 andIL‐8 in patients with fibromyalgia: A randomized double‐blind study
Authors: Albertoni Giraldes Ana Laura , Salomão Reinaldo , Leal Plinio da Cunha , Brunialti Milena Karina Coló , Sakata Rioko Kimiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimRegarding the use of intravenous lidocaine in fibromyalgia, there are no well‐controlled studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous lidocaine on pain intensity, clinical manifestations and plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1,IL‐6, andIL‐8 in fibromyalgia patients.MethodsIn a randomized double‐blind study, group 1 patients received 240 mg of lidocaine in 125mLof saline solution, while group 2 patients received 125mLof saline, both once a week for 4 weeks (T1, T2, T3 and T4). All patients received amitriptyline. The following were assessed: pain intensity before treatment (T0) and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment; clinical manifestations; the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) before and at 4 and 8 weeks after; the levels ofIL1, 6 and 8 before and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.ResultsLower pain intensity was observed in the lidocaine group at T2, with no difference at the other time points. There was a reduction in pain intensity in both groups. The use of paracetamol and tramadol and plasma levels ofIL‐1,IL‐6 andIL‐8 did not differ between the groups. Clinical manifestations and side effects did not differ between groups.ConclusionsThe combination of 240 mg of intravenous lidocaine (once a week for 4 weeks) with 25 mg of amitriptyline for 8 weeks had no meaningful impact in fibromyalgia patients.
Clinical Validation of the Indicators and Definitions of the Nursing Outcome "Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes” in People With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chantal Magalhães da Silva Natália , de Souza Oliveira‐Kumakura Ana Railka , Moorhead Sue , Pace Ana Emília , Campos de Carvalho Emília 
Published: June 2016

PURPOSEThe study aimed to validate clinically the indicators of the nursing outcome “Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membranes” and its conceptual and operational definitions in people with diabetes mellitus.METHODSA methodological study was conducted with an evaluation of 100 participants for two pairs: one of these pairs used the indicators without the definitions and the other used the indicators with their definitions.FINDINGSThe pair who used the definitions presented greater concordance and similarity in the ratings.CONCLUSIONSThe indicators and their definitions have been validated clinically.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThe use of indicators with definitions can contribute to reliable and accurate evaluation of the tissue integrity of the feet in people with diabetes mellitus and, thus, assist in the measurement of the effectiveness of the nursing care provided.OBJETIVOValidar clinicamente os indicadores do resultado de enfermagem “Integridade Tissular: pele e mucosas” e suas definições conceituais e operacionais em pessoas com diabetes mellitus.MÉTODOSEstudo metodológico que consistiu na avaliação de 100 participantes por duas duplas de avaliadores: uma dupla utilizou os indicadores sem as definições e, a outra dupla, os indicadores com suas definições.RESULTADOSA dupla que utilizou as definições apresentou maior concordância e similaridade nas avaliações.CONCLUSÃOOs indicadores e suas definições foram validados clinicamente.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEMA utilização de indicadores com suas respectivas definições pode contribuir para a avaliação confiável e precisa da integridade tissular dos pés de pessoas com diabetes mellitus e, assim, auxiliar na mensuração da eficácia da assistência de enfermagem.
Observation and establishment of gonad development stages in polyplacophorans (Mollusca): Chiton (Chiton) articulatus a case study
Authors: Abadia‐Chanona Quetzalli Yasú , Avila‐Poveda Omar Hernando , Arellano‐Martínez Marcial , Ceballos‐Vázquez Bertha Patricia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGonad development stages (GDS) and, subsequently, the reproductive cycle are described by performing histology of some gonad portions. In polyplacophorans, gametogenesis is not enough to define GDS; further anatomical gonad features are relevant. In most adult polyplacophorans, the gonad is a simple anatomical structure that resembles and operates as one single gonadal acinus without glandular structure. These features have gone unnoticed causing inaccurate GDS assignment and, consequently, imprecise reproductive season in polyplacophorans. Here, dissection protocols that allow extracting a compact gonad are established. Emphasizing the anatomical structure of the whole gonad and the displacement of gametes, five GDS were assigned to both sexes of Chiton (Chiton) articulatus: I‐goniogenesis, II‐development, III‐ripe, IV‐spawning, V‐rest. Tissue platelets contribute importantly to GDS assignment and even help distinguishing between males and females. Neither a randomly selected portion of gonad nor a longitudinal section are recommended because it leads to misinterpretation higher than 50% in determining GDS and besides ignores displacement of gametes. A panoramic sweep across a complete transverse‐section of each gonad was validated as the best option for establishing GDS. This new methodology was tested on several polyplacophorans species, and seems generally applicable for histological assessment of reproductive cycle and reproductive season in polyplacophorans.
Understanding the spectrum of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: update on diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options
Authors: Brisse Ellen , Matthys Patrick , Wouters Carine H. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe cytokine storm syndrome ‘haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis’ (HLH) is an under‐recognized hyperinflammatory disorder, causing high morbidity and mortality risk in children and adults. It can be subdivided into a primary, genetic form and a secondary, acquired form that complicates diverse infections, malignancies and autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Both subtypes present with the same spectrum of non‐specific symptoms, making accurate diagnosis and rapid treatment initiation challenging. In the last decade, increased awareness and international collaborative efforts fuelled a marked progress in diagnostic protocols and novel treatment strategies for HLH and new diagnostic guidelines are being tailored to specific secondary HLH subtypes. Therapy is gradually shifting its focus from overall immunosuppression towards targeting specific cytokines, cell types or signalling pathways underlying pathophysiology. Nevertheless, continued research efforts remain indispensable to customize therapy to individual patient needs.
GLOBAL AND DISAGGREGATED MEASURES OF EARNINGS MOBILITY: EVIDENCE FROM FIVE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Vittori Claudia , Gregg Paul 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper offers the first application of the local approximation method pioneered by Schluter and Trede (2003) for the Shorrocks mobility indices across the earnings distribution for a range of European Countries covering the main European social models: Denmark, Germany, Spain, the UK and Italy in the pre‐accession EU (1994‐2001). This insightful approach allows us to offer a global and disaggregate analysis of mobility as proportionate change in inequality and hence provide the reader with a full set of information to make his/her own judgment about the extent of mobility and country ranking. Specifically, we investigate the degree to which mobility is driven by low or high earners and how this picture changes across three different earnings measures: full‐time full‐year working, adding part‐time working and then part‐year working.Our results draw out some general key facts. First of all the vast bulk of the measured mobility occurs in the tails especially the lower tail with at least half of the index driven by mobility in the bottom earning quintile. Second, in the top 20 percent of the distribution there are few movements of earnings that effect the level of permanent inequality except in Denmark. Third, no country has a clear dominance for mobility across the full earnings distribution but Denmark differs from the other countries with clearly greater mobility in the middle and at the top. Finally, we find that with the exception of Denmark and Italy, mobility does not lead to clear convergence to the mean but rather to points around 0.7‐0.8 and 1.5 to 2 times the mean.
A Pilot Metabolic Profiling Study of Patients With Neonatal Jaundice and Response to Phototherapy
Authors: Cai A , Qi S , Su Z , Shen H , Yang Y , Cai W , Dai Y 
Published: June 2016

Phototherapy has been widely used in treating neonatal jaundice, but detailed metabonomic profiles of neonatal jaundice patients and response to phototherapy have not been characterized. Our aim was to depict the serum metabolic characteristics of neonatal jaundice patients relative to controls and changes in response to phototherapy. A 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabonomic approach was employed to study the metabolic profiling of serum from healthy infants (n = 25) and from infants with neonatal jaundice (n = 30) pre‐ and postphototherapy. The acquired data were processed by multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least‐squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). The PLS‐DA and OPLS‐DA model identified nine metabolites capable of distinguishing patients from controls. In addition, 28 metabolites such as β‐glucose, α‐glucose, valine, and pyruvate changed in response to phototherapy. This study offers useful information on metabolic disorders in neonatal jaundice patients and the effects of phototherapy on lipids, amino acid, and energy metabolism.