bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Residual Stress in Silicon Carbide MEMS by μ-Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zingarelli John C. , Marciniak Michael A. , Foley Jason R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicro-Raman (μ-Raman) spectroscopy is used to measure residual stress in single-crystal, 6H-silicon carbide (SiC) used in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) devices. These structures are bulk micro-machined by back etching a 250-μm-thick, single-crystal 6HSiC wafer (p-type, 7 Ω-cm, 3.5° off-axis) to form a 50-μm thick diaphragm. A Wheatstone bridge, patterned of piezoresistive elements, is formed across the membrane from a 5-μm, 6HSiC (n-type, doped 3.8 × 1018 cm-3) epilayer; the output of the bridge is proportional to the flexure of the MEMS diaphragm. For these samples, the μ-Raman spectroscopy is performed using a Renishaw InVia Raman spectrometer with an argon-ion excitation source (λ = 514.5 nm, hν = 2.41 eV) with an approximate 1-μm2 spot size through the 50X objective. By employing an incorporated piezoelectric stage with submicron positioning capabilities along with the Raman spectral acquisition, spatial scans are performed to reveal areas in the MEMS structures that contain residual stress. Shifts in the transverse optical (TO) Stokes peaks of up to 2 cm-1 along the edge of the diaphragm and through the piezoresistors indicate significant material strain induced by the MEMS fabrication process.The phonon deformation potential is measured to quantify the material stress as a function of the shift in the Raman peak position. The line center of the TO Stokes peak is shifted by applying a uniform stress to the sample and monitoring the applied stress using a strain gauge, while the μ-Raman spectrum is being measured. A spectral analysis code tracks the shift of the Raman peak position with respect to the line center of the Rayleigh peak to account for any thermal drift of the spectrometer during the time of the area scan.
Fabrication of Electrical Nanocontacts to Nanometer-sized materials and Structures Using a Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez F. , Casals O. , Rodríguez J. , Vilà A. , Romano-Rodríguez A. , Morante J.R. , Abid M. , Valizadeh S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam (FIB) machine has been used to deposit platinum contacts on different nanostructured materials using both electron- and ion-assisted deposition. The electrical quality of the deposited platinum has been studied, and the feasibility of using this nanofabrication method to extract electrical parameters of nanomaterials demonstrated. The advantage of combining electron- and ion-assisted deposition instead of using only ion-assisted deposition is discussed. The possibility of applying this method in the fabrication of future nanodevices is demonstrated in a gas nanosensor prototype.
Micrometer Scale Silicon Dioxide Tunnels for On-chip Fluidic Sample Delivery to Nanometer-scale Chemical Sensors
Authors: Gokirmak Ali , Tiwari Sandip 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have developed a low temperature, CMOS compatible back-end-of-the-line process of making micrometer scale silicon dioxide tunnels for fluidic sample delivery to nanometer scale CMOS based chemical sensors. The fabrication process for these tunnels involve deposition of silicon dioxide over sacrificial photoresist and removal of the sacrificial resist from small holes opened on the top surface. The fabrication process allows arbitrary tunnel widths, about one micrometer and larger, if the supporting pillars are used. The highest process temperature is 135 C. The fabricated structures are compatible with cleaning steps in strong base or acid solutions and can withstand anneal steps at higher temperatures. It is possible to implement complicated, multilevel chemical sensor and mixer networks where microfluidic tunnels cross over each other by repeating the fabrication sequence.
A comparative study of tension band wiring and encirclage in treating transverse fractures of patella
Authors: Mohapatra Subrat , Das Pulin Bihari , Krishnakumar R. V. , Rath Sibanarayan , Padhy Rabindra N. 
Published: April 2017

Background: The functional and radiological outcome of the union of transverse fractures of patella treated by tension band wiring (TBW) and encirclage wiring were compared according to WEST’s criteria.Methods: During three years, 44 patients with displaced transverse fracture patella were treated randomly either by TBW or encirclage with twenty-two patients in each group. Two patients in each group were lost to follow-up.Results: Results were compared based on the period of union, post-operative complications, early mobilization and recovery to pre-injury level. Fractures united at an average of 13.6 weeks with 8-12 and 10-14 weeks in TBW and the encirclage group, respectively. Results were excellent in 65%, good in 25% and poor in 10% cases in TBW group, as compared to the encirclage group with excellent in 50%, good in 30% and poor in 20% cases. In TBW group, 75% cases had a full range of motion (ROM), 15% had >120° of flexion and 10% had flexion between 90° and 120°, as compared to 50% full ROM, 30% >120° of flexion and 20% between 90° and120° flexion in the encirclage group. A case of migration of pin and another case of limitation of flexion by 25° were noticed.Conclusions: Patients treated with TBW had better results than the encirclage in the management of transverse fractures of the patella.
A study on HbA1c profile in children with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Daniel Sunil , O. Jose 
Published: April 2017

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of treatment for persistent bronchial asthma in children. Even though ICS is comparatively safe, few systemic toxicities have been reported. We have conducted a study on HbA1c profile of 170 asthmatic children who are on ICS for atleast 6 months. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels were measured before initiating ICS and after 6 months using venous blood samples. HbA1c measured using immunoassay. The objective of the study was to detect prevalence of significant hyperglycemia among children with asthma who are on inhaled corticosteroids. Study design used as a prospective follow up study, setting of the study was to Pediatric asthma clinic, Govt. TDMCH, Alappuzha, Study population used Children between 3 to 12 years attending pediatric asthma clinic.Methods: Cumulative doses of ICS and bronchodialators were measured by providing an asthma diary to mark the dose of medication. FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c levels were measured before initiating ICS and after 6 months. To elucidate the assosiations comparisons between different parameters Chi-square test was used as non-parametric test. Student’s T- test was used to compare mean values between 2 groups and different groups. Initial and follow up two groups of HbA1c and ICS administrations were compared using paired and unpaired T-test.Results: There is a significant increase in the mean HbA1c of the total study population before and after treatment with ICS.Conclusions: Long term use of ICS can affect glucose metabolism of asthmatic children.
Infant feeding practices among nursing mothers at rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: K. Srinivasa , Patel Abhishek , J. Ajay , G. A. Manjunath 
Published: April 2017

Background: Breastfeeding (BF) is nature’s way of providing nutrition required for healthy growth and development of the young infant. The early child growth needs healthy infant feeding practices including exclusive breastfeeding and timely complementary feeds. The present study was carried out to assess the pattern of infant feeding and its relation to certain care practices of maternity and the newborn, and to assess the knowledge of mothers, who had delivered in the last one year.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 202 mothers in the pediatric and obstetrics department of tertiary care hospital. The mothers with children under the age of 1 year were interviewed following which descriptive statistics were obtained.Results: Out of 202 mothers, majority of the mothers were of age less than 30 years (79.7%) and were Hindus (74.2%). The majority were housewives (98.5%), illiterate (71.7%), multiparous (67.8%). Most of the mothers were belonged to a lower socioeconomic class (95.5%). About 17.8% babies had not received colostrum. Majority of the mothers had initiated breastfeeding (79.2%) within 24 hours of delivery. About 46.5% of the respondents were not aware of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. About 25% of the mothers started complementary feeding before the child was six months old. The most common type of complementary food given was semisolid (53.4%). About 14.1% of the mothers had started giving semi-solid foods before the baby was six months of age. A majority of the mothers had no advice on infant feeding.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding the timely initiation of breast feeding, advantages of exclusive breast feeding and proper weaning practice is less among the mothers of rural area. So, advice about breastfeeding and complementary feeding during antenatal check-ups, postnatal, and during Immunization visits might improve feeding practices.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad en médicos del Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud en Lima, Perú.
Authors: Velarde Inchaustegui Myriam Mercedes , Vattuone Echevarria Jorge Adolfo , Gomez Velarde Myriam Elizabeth , Vilchez Fernandez Leidi 
Published: April 2017

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), exhibe una prevalencia mundial del 5% y la mayoría de las consultas médicas tienen lugar en clínicas de Atención Primaria.En tal contexto, se plantea la necesidad de que los médicos del Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud (SERUM) conozcan suficientemente aspectos del diagnóstico y manejo de este trastorno, para su oportuna derivación al especialista. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los médicos serumistas en relación al diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico del TDAH. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal basado en la aplicación de una encuesta a médicos serumistas, revisada por la Asociación de Profesionales Peruanos para el estudio del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad. Resultados. De un total de 550 encuestas, 63,5% (349) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró que el 80,5 % de estos probandos tenían un alto nivel de conocimiento general sobre el TDAH. Sin embargo, sólo el 16,9% mostró un nivel similar en relación al diagnóstico y el 73,1% alcanzó un nivel de conocimiento medio. En relación al tratamiento, 56,2 % de la muestra tuvo un nivel alto y 39,8 %, un nivel medio de conocimiento. Conclusiones: Los médicos serumistas encuestados en Lima muestran un alto nivel de conocimiento global en relación al TDAH, consideran apropiadamente el tratamiento mixto de elección y dan importancia al pronóstico del paciente no tratado. La mayoría, sin embargo, no basa su diagnóstico en los criterios del DSM5 o CIE 10 y no identifican fármacos de primera línea para el manejo del trastorno. Se postula la necesidad de mejorar estos aspectos.
Efectos de la música sobre las funciones cognitivas
Authors: Custodio Nilton , Cano-Campos María 
Published: April 2017

La música es un tipo de lenguaje encaminado a comunicar, evocar y reforzar diversas emociones. El procesamiento de la música es independiente del correspondiente al sistema del habla personal. El uso de circuitos independientes hace que uno pueda estar gravemente afectado en tanto que el otro puede hallarse totalmente indemne. El procesamiento de la música tiene lugar mediante canales separados por un sistema multimodal para los elementos temporales (ritmo), melódicos (tono, timbre, melodía), memoria y respuesta emocional. El cerebro entrenado musicalmente experimenta particulares cambios en su anatomía y funcionalidad. Los efectos de la exposición a la música de Mozart (Efecto Mozart), cuando ocurren, son transitorios y se restringen a una habilidad específica (visuo-espacial); por lo tanto, no están asociados con variaciones en funciones relacionadas con la inteligencia.
Clinical Results and Prognostic Factors for Outcomes of Valgus Femoral Osteotomy Combined with Chiari Pelvic Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis of the Hip
Authors: Uchiyama Katsufumi , Moriya Mitsutoshi , Fukushima Kensuke , Yamamoto Takeaki , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Surgeons have long debated whether advanced or end-stage osteoarthritis of the hip in young patients should be treated with total hip arthroplasty or osteotomy. We reviewed the intermediate-term clinical results of valgus femoral osteotomy combined with Chiari pelvic osteotomy (VCO) for advanced or end-stage osteoarthritis associated with severe acetabular dysplasia of the hip in young patients and analyzed prognostic factors related to conversion to total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:
The study group included 54 hips in 50 patients (5 men and 45 women; average age at the time of surgery, 45.6 years). The minimum and average durations of follow-up were 10 and 17.6 years, respectively. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score (JOA score) was used for clinical evaluation. The probability of survival of the VCO from the time of the operation until the end point of conversion to total hip arthroplasty was calculated with use of the Kaplan-Meier method. We defined prognostic factors of outcome (conversion to total hip arthroplasty) with the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:
The mean total JOA score increased from 53.0 points preoperatively to 77.1 points at 1 year postoperatively, 81.6 points at 5 years, and 76.8 points at 10 years. The survival rates were 83.3%, 59.7%, and 46.9% at 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. On univariate and multivariate analyses, patients with a low degree of acetabular roof obliquity had better postoperative results.

Conclusions:
VCO is a surgical approach that preserves joint function in young patients with advanced or end-stage osteoarthritis associated with severe acetabular dysplasia of the hip. The postoperative prognosis of VCO was improved in patients with a low degree of acetabular roof obliquity.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Establishment of Perennial Groundcovers for Maize‐Based Bioenergy Production Systems
Authors: Bartel Cynthia A. , Banik Chumki , Lenssen Andrew W. , Moore Kenneth J. , Laird David A. , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Lamkey Kendall R. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Assessment of living mulch establishment in soybean and maize row crop systems.
Differences in elite soybean and maize germplasm responses to living mulch.
Impact of living mulch establishment on soybean and maize production.
With increasing removal of maize (Zea mays L.) stover for cellulosic biofuels, livestock bedding, and feedstuffs, there exists a need to address natural resources‐related issues such as soil erosion, nitrate leaching, and loss of organic matter content. Perennial groundcover (PGC) offers a potential solution for alleviating these problems associated with maize stover removal from conventional cropping systems. We conducted a field study to ascertain the costs of PGC establishment on the primary crop of economic interest and groundcover success under a maize or soybean (Glycine max L.) crop. To test this concept, we established either Kentucky bluegrass (KB) (Poa pratensis L.) or creeping red fescue (CF) (Festuca rubra L.) as living mulch (LM) concurrently with either maize or soybean, documenting impacts on crop maturity, stand density, leaf area index (LAI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain yield, grain quality, yield components, and stover C and N. First‐year maize and first‐ and second‐year soybean in the no LM control yielded on average 13.00, 3.38, and 4.86 Mg ha−1, respectively, 30, 84, and 27% greater than LM systems. However, yield did not significantly differ in the second site‐year between the no LM and LM maize. Moreover, PGC treatments did not affect expected ethanol yield in the second year, averaging 5459 L ha−1 in Year 2 over all treatments. These results indicate that further research is needed to achieve both groundcover establishment and subsequent natural resources benefits in row crop production while minimizing impact on yield.
19. Improving Student Readiness: Examining K-16 Alignment of Content and Performance Standards
Authors: Beaubier Dean M. 
Published: April 2017

Student readiness continues to be an issue among the professoriate (Cramer, 2010; Greenberg, 2010; Kelley, 2010). Enrolment growth trends in Canadian universities suggest this concern may remain prevalent for some time (Overall, 2011). At the secondary level, government bodies have developed and implemented policies and standardized assessment instruments with the expressed means of improving accountability and student academic proficiency. Despite these efforts, there does not appear to be a perceived change in the readiness of students attending tertiary institutions. The purposes of this study were to determine the current state of alignment between high school and university learning outcomes and assessment standards, and outline policies/factors that would establish or strengthen this alignment.
22. Transcribe Your Class: Using Speech Recognition to Improve Access for At-Risk Students
Authors: Bain Keith , Lund-Lucas Eunice , Stevens Janice 
Published: April 2017

Through a project supported by Canada's Social Development Partnerships Program, a team of leading National Disability Organizations, universities, and industry partners are piloting a prototype Hosted Transcription Service that uses speech recognition to automatically create multimedia transcripts that can be used by students for study purposes. This paper focuses on the accessibility and educational impacts of receiving complete and accurate lecture transcripts for students with disabilities.
3. Connecting Inquiry and Practice: Lessons Learned From a Multi-Year Professional Learning Partnership Initiative
Authors: Rolheiser Carol , Evans Mark , Gambhir Mira , Broad Kathy 
Published: April 2017

Since 2002 the Initial Teacher Education Program at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, has run a series of professional learning partnership projects between university instructors and K-12 educators. The Inquiry Into Practice Series, based on a collaborative inquiry approach, has strengthened the commitment to program principles and benefited the participants by deepening understanding about a range of educational questions and issues and improving practice. In this article we review key features and principles of this multi-year initiative and discuss challenges, lessons learned, and outcomes. We also provide reflections regarding the importance of high quality professional learning models that support teaching and learning and that are responsive to changing and complex educational pressures and contexts both in higher education and K-12 education.
21. Applying Universal Instructional Design to Course Websites by Using Course Evaluations
Authors: Carter Irene , Leslie Donald , Kwan Denise 
Published: April 2017

The authors explore their use of learner-centred teaching strategies and Universal Instructional Design (UID) on course websites. UID is based on universal design, the design of products and environments intended to be usable by all people to the greatest extent possible (Burgstahler & Cory, 2008). UID applies universal design to instructional products and environments, including course websites. Seeking to assess and improve course website accessibility, faculty aimed to consider to what extent they employ UID as a means to promote inclusive practices and greater accessibility. Through the University of Windsor’s university-wide learning management system (CLEW) Learning Community, faculty administered teaching evaluations to students in eight undergraduate courses. Although the evaluations indicated students considered website course delivery involved a fairly high level of accessibility, future studies are required to determine to what extent course websites reflect UID-based teaching strategies that promote accessibility.
28. Community-Based Research: Learning About Attitudes Towards the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Marche Tammy A , Briere Jennifer 
Published: April 2017

Research points to the pedagogical value of an engaged and community service-learning approach to developing understanding of course content (Astin, Vogelgesang, Ikeda, & Yee, 2000). To help students achieve a better understanding of how the discipline of psychology contributes to the discipline of law, some students in a second year psychology class participated in a community-based research project, partnering with the Elizabeth Fry Society and the John Howard Society. The objective of the study was to determine whether there are differences in attitudes towards the criminal justice system between individuals who have, and have not, been in conflict with the law. The student-researchers interviewed men and women from the John Howard and Elizabeth Fry Societies, who had been in conflict with the law, regarding their attitudes toward the criminal justice system, and compared their responses to those given by undergraduate psychology students who did not participate as student-researchers in the project. Responses revealed some commonalities (e.g., recommendations to change sentencing practices) as well as differences (e.g., satisfaction with the justice system). The students wrote a research report describing the findings of the study as well as their reflections on their experience. In addition to the positive feedback received from the community organizations, the students participating in the project reported that they found it to be a positive, enriching, and rewarding experience.
13. Have You, My Little Serpents, a New Skin? Transforming English Studies and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Easton Lee , Hewson Kelly 
Published: April 2017

King and Knight (2010) argue that English Studies' instructors must "articulate and develop their tacit assumptions [about English teaching] and create a discipline-grounded idiom for pedagogical research and reflection" (p. 323). We suggest that the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) invites English educators to reflect more deeply about the assumptions upon which our favoured methodologies are based. At the same time, SoTL's often uncritical reliance on students' umarked voices for many of its insights troubles us. We suggest that while the scholarship of teaching and learning can provide the necessary structure for systematic reflection about English Studies' pedagogies, SoTL would benefit from a more substantial engagement with what English Studies calls theory. In so doing, SoTL can add another critical question to its agenda: "For whom do these practices work?"