bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hypotensive effect of imipramine hydrochloride in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Muller Otto F. , Goodman Nelson , Bellet Samuel 
Published: January 2016

The untoward effects of imipramine hydrochloride were studied in a group of 41 patients under 60 years of age who were without demonstrable cardiovascular disease and compared with those in a group of 50 patients with various degrees of generalized or coronary atherosclerosis. Effects on the following were investigated: recumbent and standing blood pressures, pulse, electrocardiograms, blood coagulation (bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time), liver function (SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, cephalin flocculation, thymol turbidity), and formed elements in the blood (hemoglobin, white blood cells with differential count, platelets).Among the patients with cardiovascular disease, 4 developed congestive heart failure during imipramine administration, while severe postural hypotension was observed in 10 of 41 (24.4 per cent). Two developed myocardial infarction during a hypotensive period. Moderate hypotension was present in 7 patients (14 per cent). Few significant untoward effects were encountered in the patients without cardiac disease. Severe postural hypotension was not observed; rrwderate degrees occurred in only 3 of the 41 patients (7.3 per cent).It is suggested that extreme caution be practiced in the treatment of depressive states in patients with known cardiovascular disease, especially in the older age group. Imipramine should be given in small doses and discontinued if postural hypotension occurs.
Drug therapy in depressions: Controlled evaluation of imipramine, isocarboxazide, dextroamphetamine‐amobarbital, and placebo
Authors: Overall John E. , Hollister Leo E. , Pokorny Alex D. , Casey J. F. , Katz George 
Published: January 2016

An evaluation of imipramine, isocarboxazide, dextroamphetamine‐amobarbital, and placebo was carried out in 204 patients with depressive syndromes in thirty‐two Veterans Administration Hospitals. Treatment with a fixed dosage schedule was followed for 3 weeks, the dosage becoming flexible during an ensuing 9 week period. Evaluation of responses was made by three rating scales specially derived for depressed patients.After 3 weeks of treatment, imipramine was significantly more effective than the other three treatments as measured only by a thirty‐one item expert clinician's scale derived from the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale. Favorable responses to imipramine were often prompt, leading to loss of such patients from the study before the full 12 week treatment period had been completed. After 12 weeks of treatment, the patients who remained in all four treatment groups were significantly improved when each group was compared with its pretreatment level, but there were no statistically reliable differences between treatments at the end of the study. These results emphasize the need for controlled studies in depressive syndromes subject to spontaneous improvement.
A model for the appraisal of glucose metabolism
Authors: Seed John C. , Acton Forman S. , Stunkard Albert J. 
Published: January 2016

A model for the appraisal of glucose metabolism is proposed in which glucose homeostasis is divided into three parts: a rate of glucose dispersion into its volume of distribution, a utilization rate, and a production rate. The interrelationships between these processes are formulated as differential equations and are numerically integrated for typical cases. An attempt is made to find the best numerical values for the parameters from a critical analysis of the literature in which data from man have been used as far as possible.The principal results include the demonstration of the efficacy of mathematical models for the quantitative appraisal of glucose metabolism. Specifically, our model suggests the properties of a metabolite which can serve as a feedback control mechanism for the production of glucose, it shows the need for nonlinear mathematics to represent threshold phenomena, and it pOints to gaps in our understanding of glucose homeostasis. The approach used in this model should be useful in the analysis of the effects of drugs on glucose metabolism as well as in the study of normal glucose homeostasis.
Effect of an anionic polyelectrolyte (polyethylene sulfonate) in patients with cancer Clinical pharmacology of a macromolecule
Authors: Regelson William , Holland James F. 
Published: January 2016

Polyethylene sulfonate, an anionic polymer of average molecular weight (13,000) with anticoagulant and lipolytic activity, was given by intramuscular and intravenous routes to 49 patients with cancer. Three patients of 35 who received an adequate trial of drug showed objective tumor regression, but clinical improvement was seen in only 1. Acute toxicity produced by polyethylene sulfonate after intravenous injection was characterized by hypotension, pain, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, cyanosis, paresthesia, convulsive seizures, confusion, and amnesia. Chronic toxicity occurred after both intramuscular and intravenous injection and was characterized by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and elevation of acid phosphatase. Thrombocytopenia was seen in all patients who were studied adequately and was not associated with changes in other marrow elements. Factor V, the labile prothrombin accelerator, was reduced by drug administration.Polyethylene sulfonate proved to have minimal tumor‐inhibiting activity, and its use was limited by serious toxicity. Further clinical studies of its action as a tumor inhibitor in man are not warranted.
Nitrofurantoin in patients with hepatic dysfunction
Authors: Strauss Waiter , Jawetz Ernest 
Published: January 2016

Individuals with varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction received sodium nitrofurantoin intravenously for active urinary tract infection. Repeated multiple laboratory examinations were performed in addition to careful clinical observations in an attempt to evaluate the possible hepatotoxicity of intravenous nitrofurantoin.In 2 of 12 patients receiving a total dose of 3.6 to 6.5 Cm. nitrofurantoin in from 7 to 9 days by the intravenous route, liver function tests suggested possible hepatocellular insultby the drug. In these individuals test values returned to pretreatment levels soon after the drug had been discontinued. In 2 other patients liver function te5ts moved from abnormal toward normal values during nitrofurantoin administration, which might be interpreted as "improvement" of hepatocellular function. All of these changes probably only reflect fluctuations in values of liver function tests which are part of the natural history of hepatic disease.One individual with alcoholic cirrhosis and esophageal varices developed violent retching, nausea, and vomiting on two occasions 10 days apart after the intravenous injection of only a few hundred milligrams of nitrofurantoin. However, there was no evidence of hepatic insult in that hyperreactive person. It is concluded that hepatotoxicity is neither a frequent nor a predictable event after the administration of intravenous nitrofurantoin.
Comparison of benzphetamine, phenmetrazine, d‐amphetamine, and placebo
Authors: Patel Natoo , Mock David C. , Hagans James A. 
Published: January 2016

Subjects wishing to lose weight were matched into groups on the basis of degrees of excess weight. One of four treatments‐phenmetrazine d‐amphetamine, placebo, and benzphetamine ‐were then assigned at random to each of the matched groups. The first 4 weeks were the control periods for all subjects. From the fifth through the twelfth weeks, all subjects took one tablet of one of the code‐labeled medications 3 times daily. Careful serial observations were made on weight change, caloric intake, therapeutic and side effects. No dietary re5trictions were imposed. Results were analyzed statistically before the code was broken.Treatment with each of the three amphetamines induced about the same weight losses for each, but these were Significantly different from that after placebo. The reduction in caloric intake was not significant. Side effects were noted in all four treatment groups.
A new antihypertensive agent
Authors: Janney James G. , Pierre Gerard D. , Thurmann Manfred , Utley James H. , Aykent Yavuz , Castro Juan 
Published: January 2016

The double blind method was used in the evaluation of mebutamate in 20 cases of hypertensive vascular disease. A minimal effect was found upon the systolic and no effect upon the diastolic blood pressure. Drowsiness did not permit attainment of the maximum recommended doses of the drug in many instances.A correlation was also made between the blood levels of the drug and the blood pressure response to a single large dose of mebutamate in 15 cases. A moderate fall in average systolic pressure and a minimal fall in average diastolic pressure resulted, associated with a high incidence of drowsiness.
The clinical pharmacology of THAM [tris(hydroxymethyUami nomethane]
Authors: Nahas Gabriel G. 
Published: January 2016

Experimental and clinical studies have demonstmted that THAM is an effective titrating agent because of its buffering capacity, low toxicity, and mpid elimination. THAM has been used for the correction of acute acidosis during cardiac operation and extra corporeal circulation, cardiac arrest, and massive transfusions with ACD blood. Its use in chronic espiratory acidosis should be restricted to the acute decompensated phase and should be accompanied by mechanical ventilation. Other clinical indications for THAM administration include salicylate and barbiturate intoxication and the metabolic acidosis of diabetes. It is most effective when administered intravenously as a O.3M solution in amounts calculated to titrate excess acid in extracellular fluid.THAM can be given orally as a salt in combination with a weak acid such as citrate. In this form, it is a gastric antacid and will also produce systemic alkalinization.
Nethalide, a beta adrenergic blocking agent
Authors: Schröder G. , Werkö L. 
Published: January 2016

In ten patients with arterial hypertension and 8 with no cardiovascular disease, the influence on the circulation of a peroral administration of Nethalide, a beta adrenergic blocking agent, was studied.Heart rate, intra‐arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption were determined with the subject at rest and during standardized exercise on a bicycle ergometer before and after about one week's treatment.Nethalide did not produce any changes in normal subjects at rest. In the hypeltensive patients, heart rate, brachial arterial pressure, cardiac output, and left ventricular work were lower during treatment than before. Heart rate, brachial arterial pressures, and left ventricular work were lower after tmatment in both groups. In the patients with arterial hypertension, the stroke volume was higher and the peripheral resistance lower after treatment with Nethalide.
Mithramycin (Mithracin)
Authors:   Pfizer Laboratories
Published: January 2016

It is recommended that Mithracin (mithramycin) be administered only to hospitalized patients by or under the supervision of a qualified physician who is experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, because of the possibility of severe reactions. Facilities for the determination of necessary laboratory studies must be available.Severe thrombocytopenia, a hemorrhagic tendency and even death may result from the use of Mithracin. Although severe toxicity is more apt to occur in patients who have far‐advanced disease or are otherwise considered poor risks for therapy, serious toxicity may also occasionally occur even in patients who are in relatively good condition.In the treatment of each patient, the physician must weigh carefully the possibility of achieving therapeutic benefit versus the risk of toxicity which may occur with Mithracin therapy. The following data concerning the use of Mithracin in the treatment of testicular tumors, hypercalcemic and/or hypercalciuric conditions associated with various advanced malignancies, should be thoroughly reviewed before administering this compound.
Photolysis of Isoelectronic Ruthenium Nitrosyl and Diazonium Complexes in Frozen PVC Matrices: Retention of Dinitrogen on Ruthenium Following Photochemical Phenyl Radical Loss
Authors: Thornley Wyatt A. , Bitterwolf Thomas E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhotolysis of RuCl3(η1‐NO)(PPh3)2 in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrices at 85 K results in reversible linkage isomerism of the nitrosyl ligand to form the isonitrosyl complex RuCl3(η1‐ON)(PPh3)2. Metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excitation of the isoelectronic phenylazo complex, RuCl3(η1‐N2Ph)(PPh3)2, has previously been shown to result in generation of the phenyl radical, presumably through decomposition a photogenerated diazenyl radical. Examination of this photolysis in a PVC matrix at cryogenic temperatures has permitted direct observation of an isotopically sensitive product band that may be assigned to a 17‐electron ruthenium dinitrogen species, suggesting that this photochemical decomposition does not proceed through formation of a diazenyl intermediate but through homolytic cleavage of the parent diazonium complex to give the phenyl radical and the 17‐electron RuCl3(η1‐N2)(PPh3)2.
Preparation, Characterization, Electrochemistry, and Infrared Spectro­electrochemistry of Ruthenium ­Nitrosyl Porphyrins Containing η1‐O‐Bonded Axial Carboxylates
Authors: Awasabisah Dennis , Xu Nan , Gautam Krishna P. Sharmah , Powell Douglas R. , Shaw Michael J. , Richter‐Addo George B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and redox behavior of eight low‐spin nitrosyl carboxylate compounds (por)Ru(NO)[η1‐OC(=O)R] [por = T(p‐OMe)PP: R = Me (1), iPr (2), tBu (3), p‐C6H4NO2 (4), Fc (5), CF3 (8); por = TTP: R = Fc (6)] and [T(p‐OMe)PP]Ru(NO)(OC6HF4) (7) are reported. The compounds are moderately stable in air as solids. Their IR (KBr) spectroscopic data show υNO's in the 1839–1861 cm–1 range. The X‐ray crystal structures of compounds 1, 2, 5–7, and 8 have been determined, and reveal linear RuNO linkages for these formally {RuNO}6 complexes. The redox behavior of the compounds at a Pt working electrode were studied in CH2Cl2 with NBu4PF6 as supporting electrolyte. The compounds display reversible first oxidations. IR spectroelectrochemistry of compounds 1–4, 7 and 8 revealed porphyrin‐centered oxidations, whereas the ferrocenylcarboxylate compounds revealed first oxidations at the ferrocenyl moiety followed by second oxidations at the porphyrin macrocycles. Reductions of these compounds are accompanied by loss of the axial ligands.
Relay selection in mixed RF/FSO system over generalized channel fading
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Bansal Ankur , Garg Parul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a relay selection‐based amplify‐and‐forward (AF) with mixed radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) system is proposed. We have considered two relay selection schemes namely max‐select, distributed switch and stay (DSS) and compared their performance when all relays are active. The AF‐based relay employs (1) full‐channel state information relaying (amplification gain dependent on instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio of source‐relay link) (2) semi‐blind relaying (fixed amplification gain) for the amplification purpose. The selected AF relay converts the received RF signal into an optical signal using the subcarrier intensity modulation scheme. The RF link is subject to a generalised η − μ distribution, while the channel for free space optical link is modelled as gamma–gamma distributed along with pointing errors. Novel analytical expressions for the probability density function, cumulative distribution function and the moment generating function of the equivalent signal‐to‐noise ratio is derived. Capitalising on these channel statistics, we provide the closed form expressions of the outage probability for different relay selection schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity, balance, learning, and exposure (ABLE): a new intervention for fear of falling
Authors: Wetherell Julie Loebach , Johnson Kristen , Chang Douglas , Ward Samuel R. , Bower Emily S. , Merz Caroline , Petkus Andrew J. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveFear of falling is an important problem among older adults, even those with relatively low rates of objective fall risk, who are often overlooked as targets for intervention.MethodWe developed and pilot tested a new intervention, Activity, Balance, Learning, and Exposure (ABLE), in a sample of 10 older adults with excessive fear of falling. The ABLE intervention integrates exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring with a home safety evaluation and an exercise program and is conducted in the home. In this pilot project, ABLE was jointly conducted by a physical therapist and a psychologist with expertise in geriatric anxiety disorders.ResultsThe intervention was feasible and acceptable and resulted in decreases in fear and activity avoidance for most participants. One participant experienced an injurious fall.DiscussionWe learned a number of important lessons resulting in modifications to the inclusion criteria, assessments, and intervention over the course of this pilot study. Results suggest that ABLE has promise for treating excessive fear of falling in the elderly and support testing the intervention in a larger randomized trial. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GRP78 Interacting Partner Bag5 Responds to ER Stress and Protects Cardiomyocytes From ER Stress‐Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Gupta Manish K. , Tahrir Farzaneh G. , Knezevic Tijana , White Martyn K. , Gordon Jennifer , Cheung Joseph Y. , Khalili Kamel , Feldman Arthur M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBag5 is a member of the BAG family of molecular chaperone regulators and is unusual in that it consists of five BAG domains, which function as modulators of chaperone activity. Bag family proteins play a key role in cellular as well as in cardiac function and their differential expression is reported in heart failure. In this study, we examined the importance of a Bag family member protein, Bag5, in cardiomyocytes during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We found that expression of Bag5 in cardiomyocytes is significantly increased with the induction of ER stress in a time dependent manner. We have taken gain‐in and loss‐of functional approaches to characterize Bag5 protein function in cardiomyocytes. Adenoviral mediated expression of Bag5 significantly decreased cell death as well as improved cellular viability in ER stress. Along with this, ER stress‐induced CHOP protein expression is significantly decreased in cells that overexpress Bag5. Conversely, we found that siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Bag5 caused cell death, increased cytotoxicity, and decreased cellular viability in cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we found that Bag5 protein expression is significantly increased in the ER during ER stress and that this in turn modulates GRP78 protein stability and reduces ER stress. This study suggests that Bag5 is an important regulator of ER function and so could be exploited as a tool to improve cardiomyocyte function under stress conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1813–1821, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linking atomic force microscopy with nanothermal analysis to assess microspatial distribution of material characteristics in young soils
Authors: Mouvenchery Yamuna Kunhi , Miltner Anja , Schurig Christian , Kästner Matthias , Schaumann Gabriele Ellen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCoupling of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with nanothermal analysis (nTA) has the potential to assess material characteristics in soils on the lower µm‐scale, but has been shown to require additional characteristics for clear distinction of materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate to which extent the combination of AFM‐nTA with AFM adhesion force analysis and structural features allows distinction of organic materials in soils. Using soil samples from a chronosequence from the Damma Glacier forefield, Switzerland, as example, we tested a grid analysis approach for assessing distribution of adhesion forces and nanothermal characteristics. This approach was compared with an approach involving pre‐selection of structural features of interest via morphological criteria. Only three types of nanothermograms were distinguished in the soil samples based on different thermal expansion‐compression characteristics and phase transition temperatures. Combined evaluation of nanothermal characteristics, adhesion forces and morphological characteristics allowed distinction of a larger set of materials than using nanothermal analysis, adhesion force distribution or morphological characteristics separately. Part of the analyzed features showed a combination of characteristics similar to that of fresh bacterial cells which we analyzed as a potential reference material. Their stronger occurrence in the regions of interest of older samples than in those of younger samples may underline their relevance in soil development. Achieving the long‐term objective of identification of materials still requires more information on reference materials, understanding the impact of mixed layering of materials on thermal profiles and the assessment of variability of the characteristics within and between different material groups.
Sampling and onboard analytical methods for determining subnanomolar concentrations of zinc in seawater
Authors: Kim Taejin , Obata Hajime , Gamo Toshitaka , Nishioka Jun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractZinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for bacteria and phytoplankton in the ocean. However, seawater samples for Zn measurements are highly prone to contamination due to the ubiquity of Zn in laboratories and research vessels. To identify a potential Zn contamination problem during a research cruise to the subarctic North Pacific, we compared three operational sampling approaches for trace Zn in seawater. Acid‐cleaned Niskin‐X samplers were: (1) deployed on a conductivity–temperature‐depth carousel multisampling system (CTD‐CMS) launched at the vessel's starboard side, (2) attached to a Kevlar wire lowered at the vessel's stern, and (3) attached to a Ti wire lowered from a starboard position. Zn contamination in the case of Kevlar wire hydrocasts was problematic for samples from ≤400 m because Zn is used as a sacrificial anode for the ship's propeller shaft and for the pipes of the seawater cooling system. In deep waters, consistent Zn concentrations were found using the three different sampling methods. Based on the clean seawater sampling with CTD‐CMS and the onboard analytical method, vertical profiles of dissolved Zn were then obtained. These profiles were compared with those of Si in the subarctic North Pacific. Both Zn and Si concentrations showed a clear west–east gradient in shallow waters.