bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trenimon Treatment in Chronic Hemoblastoses
Authors: Quattrin N. , Dini E. , Montuori R. 
Published: July 2016

Summary1. Trenimon has three remarkable pharmacological characteristics, namely: very low toxicity, easy way of employing, big therapeutic action.2. It results particularly useful in lymphatic and myeloid chronic leukemias, Vaquez's disease, hemorrhagic thrombocythemia, Waldenstrom's disease. It has to be noticed that Trenimon action is valuable in chronic myeloid leukemia even when it has been already treated with Busulphan for a long time.3. Good results are obtained also in several cases of Hodgkin's disease, while the drug is less efficacious in Lympho-reticulosarcoma. Uncertain still being its action in plasmacytoma.
Experimental Studies with Methylhydrazine Derivatives
Authors: Bollag W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryNatulan (Procarbazine) is a methylhydrazine derivative which in animal experiments inhibits a series of transplantable tumours. The Walker carcinoma is markedly affected. Even well established Walker tumours disappear completely under Natulan treatment. Tumour tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. Natulan does not act selectively on neoplastic tissue, it also depresses the growth of other rapidly proliferating tissues such as the bone marrow.As regards the mechanism of action the following data are known: Natulan lowers the mitotic index by prolonging the interphase and hindering the cell from entering into mitosis. In Ehrlich ascites tumour cells chromatid breaks were observed. Natulan depolymerizes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in vitro. In vivo the synthesis of DNA is inhibited. Furthermore alkylation of purine bases has been demonstrated. All these mechanisms may be responsible for the cytotoxic effect of methylhydrazine derivatives. Natulan does not possess cross-resistance towards other cytotoxic agents. This phenomenon is a further proof of its particular mechanism of action.
Use of New Chemotherapeutic Agents in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Quattrin N. , Dini E. 
Published: July 2016

Our experience in the Imuran treatment of acute leukemia is rather scarce. Indeed because of the difficulty to get this drug, we could use it in 6 cases only. These 6 cases belonged to the following forms: 3 to the stem cells type, 1 to the myelomonocytic type, 1 to the histiomonocytic ungranulated type, 1 to the promyelocytic type (acute terminal crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia). All these patients had been already treated with other antiblastics.Positive results we had just in 2 cases, precisely in a case of stem cells leukemia and in the last case above mentioned. Similar results in acute relapsing phase of chronic myeloid leukemia obtained Eridani et al. (1965). Where we applied strong doses (mg 30c of Imuran daily for 10 days), following the advice of Storti and Traldi (1965), and thus obtained a full three months remission (Fig. 1).According to this modest experience of ours Azathioprine is a drug that does not present clear advantages on 6-Mercaptopurin.
Erblichkeitsprobleme bei der Blutkoagulierung
Authors: Lehmann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Author reports on genetic problems of blood coagulation. Recent haematological reports on haemophilia, as for instance the differentiation of haemophilia into two different types (haemophilia A and B) bring up the question of the interrelations lig between the two genes responsible for the two types. The problem of recognizing female carriers is mentioned as well as the question of existence of female hemoghilian. It is pointed to further recent haemorrhagic diathese of genetic importance, PTA deficiency as well as the Hageman factor deficiency. Comprehensive investigations of factor VII deficiency on families, in Switzerland are of special genetic interest. These investigations have shown, that in those families, patients with complete deficiency of these factors are found, as well as members of the family not showing any haemorrhagic tendency being in complete health, but a quantitative deficiency of factor VII or Stuart-Power factor can be proved. A third group of members of these families is known to be healthy, showing a normal level of these coagulation factors. Healthy persons with a certain deficiency of factor VII or Stuart-Power factor can be regarded as heterozygotes.
Preliminary Observations on Haemoglobin Gene Frequencies in the Lake Chad Region
Authors: Roberts D. F. , Lehmann H. 
Published: July 2016

The peoples of the Lake Chad region who form the subject of this study are inhabitants of Bornu, today an administrative province of northeast Nigeria which includes the northern Cameroons, formerly one of the great empires of interior Africa. There were several reasons why this survey of abnormal haemoglobins was undertaken. It was an obvious consideration that nothing was known of their incidence in this area; indeed for the vast complicated ethnological patchwork that comprises the peoples of northern Nigeria there have been studied to date only general samples, predominantly Hausa. It should be regarded as a matter of urgency to ascertain gene frequencies in African peoples before their differences are completely obliterated with the breakdown of tribal patterns, and before the selection pressure differentials are readjusted with the arrival of modern medicine.Another more cogent reason however lay in the historical information available for the area. Ancient tribal traditions are supplemented by the writings of early Muslim travellers and the written documents of the people themselves, and though many of the latter records were destroyed in the several invasions of Bornu, enough remain to enable the main outline of events over the last 1,200 years to be reconstructed. The story is of a succession of invasions and immigrations by peoples of different ethnic affinities, speaking different languages, possessing different customs, ways of life and outlook; the habitat into which they came is essentially uniform, a vast plain of scrub savana. It appeared of interest to enquire whether the demands of a uniform habitat had levelled out the genetic differences expected in peoples of such diverse orieins, and if not to examine the extent to which such differences had been retained.
Die Fruchtbarkeit in Bezug auf die Probleme der kongenitalen Missbildungen
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: July 2016

Kongenitale Missbildungen, die sich auf die Fruchtbarkeit auswirken und sie entweder beeinträchtigen oder sogar völlig annullieren sind diejenigen, die die Empfängnis, die Schwangerschaft oder die Existenz eines lebensfähigen Geschöpfes verhindern. Diese Missbildungen, die ich der Kürze halber « antifertile Missbildungen » nennen will, sind Kongenital d.h. schon bei Geburt vorhanden.Die Besprechung des Stoffes erfordert eine Aufteilung in vier Abschnitte:1. Allgemeine antifertile Missbildungen;2. Lokale antifertile Missbildungen bei der Frau;3. Lokale antifertile Missbildungen beim Manne;4. Antifertile Missbildungen, die das Leben der Frucht verhindern.Die allgemeinen antifertilen Missbildungen beim Manne und bei der Frau können gemeinsam besprochen werden. Es handelt sich um missbildende kongenitale Krankheiten, die die Fertilität durch verschiedenartige Mechanismen beeinflussen: durch hormonale Störungen, Strukturveränderungen, psychogene oder neurologische Veränderungen usw.Ich beziehe mich hierbei auf Missbildungen, die ein ganzes System befallen, wie Mongolismus, das Syndrom von Morquio, das von Marfan, von Lawrence-Moon-Biedl, der idiopathische Infantilismus usw., die alle mehr oder minder mit Unterentwicklung der Genitalien und häufig auch mit örtlich spezifischeren Missbildungen, wie zum Beispiel Kryptorchismus, einhergehen.
Migräne bei Zwillingen, Vorläufige Mitteilung
Authors: Ebbing H. C. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper an unselected series of 19 twins with migraine is reported. The findings in 13 pairs with ascertained twin diagnosis, 3 MZ and 10 DZ, are preliminarily summarized. With regard to typical migraine, only 1 MZ pair was concordant, a minor degree, of concordance was seen with all MZ and 3 DZ pairs. Regarding a distinct picture of vegetative dystonia, all MZ and 2 DZ pairs were concordant. On the basis of these results it can be assumed that various etiological factors are responsible for the manifestation of hemicrania. The hereditary basis seems to lie in a vegetative, diencephalic, dysregulation. Besides, the clinical manifestion is determinated by various preformative influences of an endogenous or exogenous nature.
Studies on the Heredity of the Human Blood Groups. I. The M-N Types
Authors: Wiener A. S. , Diego N. Di , Sokol S. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryNew data on the heredity of the M-N types in 420 families with 645 children conform precisely with the requirements of the genetic theory of Landsteiner and Levine. To date as many as 1580 families with 3379 children have been tested in our laboratory. According to our experiences, the three M-N types are entirely reliable for use in medicolegal cases of disputed paternity, provided that the individual who performs the tests is qualified.New data on the distribution of the M-N types in 954 individuals are presented, as well as data on the distribution of the M-N S types in 394 individuals. The findings regarding the M-N-S types agree with previous reports concerning their distribution in Caucasoids. The medicolegal application of the M-N-S types is discussed and it is pointed out that more work must be done before the S and s factors can be safely used. What is needed most is methods for preparing anti-S and anti-s sera of satisfactory specificity and avidity.
Thalassemia (Microkarterocytosis) and Drepanocytosis their Forms and Genetics
Authors: Gatto Ignazio 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThalassemia, that I propose to call Microkarterocytosis, can be divided into three forms to be distinguished under the names of minima (healthy carriers), minor (Rietti and Greppi's disease), major (Cooley disease).It can be inferred that Thalassemia is a mutation developped in a mediterranean superior paleolitic race that showed also the character high cheek bones.In my researches of 1941-42 I for first showed that thalassemia is a dominant hereditary character with homozigotic letal effect (heterozigotes the healthy carriers, homozigotes Cooley' patients).Heterozigotes throug an increased expression of the morbid gene develop Rietti and Greppi disease, as I inferred in 1949.The researches on genetics that I carried later on Drepanocytosis have shown a behaviour equal yo that observed in Thalassemia.In Drepanocytosis the heterozigote condition determines the healty carriers and the less serious cases of sickle cell anemia, the condition of homozigote the most serious form of this anemia.A morbid form clinically similiar to the slight cases of Cooley disease is detectable in subjects whose parents show separately one the Thalassemia-stigmata and the other the Drepanocytosis-stigmata. For this latter form the name of Thalassodrepanocytosis is suggested.The presence of drepanocytosis inindividuals of european races can be explained with very ancient crosses with individuals of negro races.
The Method of Co-Twin Control in Conjunction with the Method of Cinemanalysis
Authors: Gesell Arnold 
Published: July 2016

RiassuntoL’A. illustra l’opportunità della valorizzazione delle immagini cinematografiche per esaminare il comportamento dei gemelli. Egli si è servito di una coppia monozigotica femminile di 46 settimane. Di queste solo una è stata allenata nell’esercizio di salire sulle scale durante 6 settimane, mentre l’altra serviva come controllo. Nella 52a settimana è stata offerta ad ambedue l’occasione di salire le scale, e il comportamento di entrambe le gemelle è stato ripreso cinematograficamente. Il metodo di controllo dei singoli membri e quello della cineinanalisi possono naturalmente essere valorizzati separatamente. Se però sono combinati si completano e si rafforzano reciprocamente.
Ein altes und ein neues Problem der Zwillingsforschung
Authors: v. Verschuer O. Frhr. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAn old problem of gemellary research lies in the determining cause of gemellogenesis. Two new observations of the family order, in agreement with other similar results, are further evidence in favour of the opinion that in the origin of twins a certain part can be played by some hereditary property of the paternal side.Gemellary research is the best method to establish the respective importance of heredity and environement in the developement of man. A new problem of gemellary research has arisen owing to the fact that MZ twins can differ in some illness, without the common causal analysis heredity-environement being able to give a satisfactory explanation. For example in the case of cancer it is demonstrated that the “autonomous” genesis of an illness must be taken into account i. e. without an appropriate hereditary cause or without an esogenous cause visible for all. Such an “autonomous” genesis of an illness has become undestandable only on the basis of microphysical knowledge.
Non-Radial Oscillations of Massive Stars
Authors: Borght R. Van Der 
Published: July 2016

The basic system of differential equations governing the non-radial adiabatic oscillations of stars are given in the review article by P. Ledoux and Th. Walraven. The numerical integration of these equations has been undertaken by P. Smeyers and by R. Van der Borght and Wan Fook Sun, in the latter case for stars of uniform composition in the mass range.where μ is the molecular weight of the stellar material. These integrations were based on models derived by R. Van der Borght.
Photospheric Flux Changes and the MHD Approximation
Authors: Wilson P. R. 
Published: July 2016

The rate of change of magnetic flux Ф contained within a closed curve C moving with the plasma velocity u, is given bywhere B is the magnetic induction and S is a surface bounded by the curve C. Using the hydromagnetic equation,where η is the magnetic diffusivity, this becomesIn many astrophysical contexts η is small and thus approximatelySince this implies that the flux within any moving closed curve does not change, the field is said to be ‘frozen into’ the plasma and moving with it.
A New Estlmate of the Hubble Constant Using the Virgo Cluster Distance
Authors: Visvanathan N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new distance modulus (31.23) to the Virgo cluster is derived using the distances to nearby galaxies given by Sandage and Tammann, de Vaucouleurs, ourselves and DDO observers. This when combined with the undisturbed mean Virgo cluster velocity 1182 km s-1, gives a value for the global Hubble constant as 67 ±4 km s-1Mpc-1.
Middle Infrared SpectropolarJmetry of Eta Carinae.
Authors: Briggs G. P. , Aitken D. K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSpectropolarimetric observations of the 10 arc second region surrounding Eta Carinae have been made in the 8-13 μm wavelength band. The observed polarization, of a few percent, is due to emission of radiation from aligned grains. The radial position angle of the polarization suggests that gas streaming is responsible for the grain alignment.
A Search of Steep-Spectrum Radio Sources for Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: D’Amico N. , Manchester R. N. , Manchester R. N. , Durdin J. M. , Erickson W. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA total of 18 radio sources selected on the basis of steep low-frequency radio spectra have been searched for the presence of millisecond pulsars using the Molonglo Observatory synthesis telescope. The search covered pulsar periods down to 2 ms with a limiting sensitivity of approximately 10 mJy. No pulsars were detected.
A Drag Dominated Model of the Magellanic Stream
Authors: Meurer Gerhardt R. , Bicknell G. V. , Gingold R. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present here the best of a series of models of the Magellanic stream. The dominant force in these models is gas drag. Gaseous cloudlets are torn from the bridge between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds as the Magellanic system passes through a hot gaseous halo about our galaxy. The cloudlets are then stretched apart from each other by tidal and drag forces to form the Magellanic stream. Our best model closely reproduces the position of the stream on the sky and the run of radial velocities along the Magellanic stream. The agreement is almost as good as the best purely tidal model. In our best model the Magellanic system is only loosely bound to our galaxy and is on the first encounter with it. This overcomes some of the problems with purely tidal models. Our series of models indicate that there is a wide range of parameters that will produce a reasonable stream under the forces of gas drag and gravity.
On the Relationship between Lenses and Inner Rings in Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Schwarz M. P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn simulations of gas flow in the gravitational field of model barred galaxies which we have described elsewhere, structures resembling inner rings have formed. The model rings encircle the bar as observed in real galaxies, but are more elongated than the average inner ring. In this paper we show that the addition of a lens-like component to the background field results in much rounder rings. Indeed the shape and position of the model rings are very sensitive to any steep gradients in the azimuthally averaged surface density near the ends of the bar.
Astronomy on Ice
Authors: Pomerantz Martin A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe geographic South Pole, where the United States maintains a year-round scientific station, affords a number of unique advantages for certain types of astronomical observations. These include: continuous viewing and constant declination of ail objects in the southern celestial hemisphere, exceedingly low humidity, extended periods of coronal seeing, high altitude, and uniform terrain. The areas of research that have already benefited immensely from thèse extraordinary features are helioseismology and submillimeter astronomy. Unparalleled observations of global solar oscillations have already yielded significant information about the structure and dynamics of the Sun’s interior. Far infrared measurements of various galactic and extra-galactic regions have attained an unprecedented level of sensitivity, limited for the first time only by the noise inherent in the detector. In addition to further helioseismological observations, currently planned future activities include observational cosmology and ultra high energy gamma ray astronomy.
Features of the Chandlerian Nutation
Authors: Abraham H. J. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReported data on the Chandlerian nutation show that there are irregular yet related changes in the rate of energy gain, the damping and the phase, changes which were remarkably great in the late 1920s. Dynamical interpretations need a model that has friction elements as well as springs and dashpots; it then offers further applications as well; e.g. to a correlation between reported values of the Love number k and tidal potentials. The model is used in discussing the increases in amplitude and the advances in phase; the short and long-term rates of energy gain and their interruptions and damping; the correlation between short Chandlerian periods and large amplitudes in the annual nutation; and the correlation between damping and the apparent frequency. Doubts are expressed about nutational values of Q. A geophysical interpretation of the model is obtained from seismic data. It was found that every large rise in the nutational energy was preceded by an earthquake in the Andes region; and that the secular rate of energy gain varied with the circum-Pacific seismicity. Decreases in these were accompanied by rises in the Earth’s rotational acceleration and were followed by deep earthquakes in a diminishing region east of the Andes. It appears that the nutational and seismic events are due to tectonic stress, and intermittently this is relieved by subduction.
Galactic Cosmic Ray Anisotropies in the Energy Range 1011 – 1014eV.
Authors: Jacklyn R.M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA review is presented of the evidence for anisotropies of galactic origin in the charged cosmic ray particle intensity at median primary energies of detection in the range 1011 – 1014eV. It concerns the period from 1958, when the first substantial long-term observations at energies of solar and sidereal modulation near 1011eV commenced underground, until 1984, by which time results were available from a number of years of accurate observations with detectors of small air showers at energies near 1014eV, too high for complicating effects of solar origin to be present. There is evidence for the existence of both unidirectional and bidirectional galactic anisotropies over the whole energy range. Tentative descriptive models are discussed in relation to advances both in solar and sidereal analytical techniques and in the ability of experimenters to account for and exploit the modulating influence of the heliomagnetosphere at the lower energies of detection.
Are There Many More Small Meteors Than Hitherto Detected?
Authors: Olsson-Steel D. I. , Elford W. G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVisual meteors, due to impinging meteoroids of radius about 1 cm, appear at a rate of a few per hour during non-shower periods. Smaller meteoroids (100 μm – 1 cm) give rise to less bright trails, but are much more abundant. These are usually detected by radars of about 10 m wavelength which, over the past 40 years, have produced a plethora of information concerning mass and height distributions, orbits, etc.Using such ‘conventional radars’, the peak of the measured height distribution is found at about 95 km, with few meteors detected above 105 km. However, the flux detected is only a few percent of the total flux (a) measured using a large (10 m) optical collector, and (b) expected from a comparison with measurements by satellite impacts and zodiacal light observations (radii < 100 μm). One possibility is that the radars detect few low-velocity (V < ~25 km s-1) meteors since these produce little ionization and thus limit their detectability: the ionizing efficiency of meteors varies as ~ V7/2. In direct opposition, our alternative hypothesis is that the undetected flux is held in a faint high-velocity component which ablates at high altitude. These are not detected by conventional radars because meteor trails have ‘initial widths’ of about 3 m at 105 km; for a radar wavelength of 10 m, components scattered from different regions of the trail therefore destructively interfere, and the probability of detecting any meteor above 105 km is small.In order to test our hypothesis we have measured the height distribution with a 150 m radar, and we are commencing ancillary observations at 50 m; compared to these wavelengths the initial width is small to at least 140 km. The results show a peak at 105 km with most meteors being above this, significant numbers occurring right up to 140 km. This suggests that the true flux is at least 10 or 20 times that previously deduced, having implications for the number of cornets in the recent past and the balance of material between the smaller bodies in the solar System.
The Kinematics and Age of the Planetary Nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Meatheringham Stephen J. , Dopita Michael A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn HI survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been reanalyzed to find the transverse velocity of the LMC, and derive an upper limit of 4.5 × 1011M⊙for the mass of our Galaxy out to 50 kpc. A rotation curve is derived for the LMC from the HI data giving a best mass estimate of (4.0±0.4)×109M⊙. Velocity observations of 97 planetary nebulae (PN) in the Large Cloud are used to compare the old and young components. Our results are found to be at odds with an earlier sample of 9 old clusters, which is interpreted as being due to the low number of objects in that sample. The w-component of velocity dispersion of the PN population is 35 km s-1and that of the HI 10 km s-1. If this difference is a result of stellar diffusion then the average age of the PN population is 1.3 × 109yr, implying a precursor mass of 1.8 M⊙and a remnant mass of 0.63 M⊙.