bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Leaf Selection by Foregut-fermenting Proboscis Monkeys: New Insight from in vitro Digestibility and Toughness of Leaves
Authors: Matsuda Ikki , Clauss Marcus , Tuuga Augustine , Sugau John , Hanya Goro , Yumoto Takakazu , Bernard Henry , Hummel Jürgen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFree-living animals must make dietary choices in terms of chemical and physical properties, depending on their digestive physiology and availability of food resources. Here we comprehensively evaluated the dietary choices of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) consuming young leaves. We analysed the data for leaf toughness and digestibility measured by an in vitro gas production method, in addition to previously reported data on nutrient composition. Leaf toughness, in general, negatively correlated with the crude protein content, one of the most important nutritional factors affecting food selection by leaf-eating primates. This result suggests that leaf toughness assessed by oral sensation might be a proximate cue for its protein content. We confirmed the importance of the leaf chemical properties in terms of preference shown by N. larvatus; leaves with high protein content and low neutral detergent fibre levels were preferred to those of the common plant species. We also found that these preferred leaves were less tough and more digestible than the alternatives. Our in vitro results also suggested that N. larvatus were little affected by secondary plant compounds. However, the spatial distribution pattern of plant species was the strongest factor explaining the selection of the preferred leaf species.
Motor phenotype is not associated with vascular dysfunction in symptomatic Huntington’s disease transgenic R6/2 (160 CAG) mice
Authors: Di Pardo A. , Carrizzo A. , Damato A. , Castaldo S. , Amico E. , Capocci L. , Ambrosio M. , Pompeo F. , De Sanctis C. , Spinelli C. C. , Puca A. A. , Remondelli P. , Maglione V. , Vecchione C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhereas Huntington’s disease (HD) is unequivocally a neurological disorder, a critical mass of emerging studies highlights the occurrence of peripheral pathology like cardiovascular defects in both animal models and humans. The overt impairment in cardiac function is normally expected to be associated with peripheral vascular dysfunction, however whether this assumption is reasonable or not in HD is still unknown. In this study we functionally characterized the vascular system in R6/2 mouse model (line 160 CAG), which recapitulates several features of human pathology including cardiac disease. Vascular reactivity in different arterial districts was determined by wire myography in symptomatic R6/2 mice and age-matched wild type (WT) littermates. Disease stage was assessed by using well-validated behavioural tests like rotarod and horizontal ladder task. Surprisingly, no signs of vascular dysfunction were detectable in symptomatic mice and no link with motor phenotype was found.
Computer-aided designing of immunosuppressive peptides based on IL-10 inducing potential
Authors: Nagpal Gandharva , Usmani Salman Sadullah , Dhanda Sandeep Kumar , Kaur Harpreet , Singh Sandeep , Sharma Meenu , Raghava Gajendra P. S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the past, numerous methods have been developed to predict MHC class II binders or T-helper epitopes for designing the epitope-based vaccines against pathogens. In contrast, limited attempts have been made to develop methods for predicting T-helper epitopes/peptides that can induce a specific type of cytokine. This paper describes a method, developed for predicting interleukin-10 (IL-10) inducing peptides, a cytokine responsible for suppressing the immune system. All models were trained and tested on experimentally validated 394 IL-10 inducing and 848 non-inducing peptides. It was observed that certain types of residues and motifs are more frequent in IL-10 inducing peptides than in non-inducing peptides. Based on this analysis, we developed composition-based models using various machine-learning techniques. Random Forest-based model achieved the maximum Matthews’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC) value of 0.59 with an accuracy of 81.24% developed using dipeptide composition. In order to facilitate the community, we developed a web server “IL-10pred”, standalone packages and a mobile app for designing IL-10 inducing peptides (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/IL-10pred/).
A terahertz in-line polarization converter based on through-via connected double layer slot structures
Authors: Woo Jeong Min , Hussain Sajid , Jang Jae-Hyung 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA terahertz (THz) in-line polarization converter that yields a polarization conversion ratio as high as 99.9% is demonstrated at 1 THz. It has double-layer slot structures oriented in orthogonal directions that are electrically connected by 1/8-wavelngth-long through-via holes beside the slot structures. The slots on the front metal-plane respond to the incident THz wave with polarization orthogonal to the slots and generates a circulating surface current around the slots. The surface current propagates along a pair of through-via holes that function as a two-wire transmission line. The propagating current generates a surface current around the backside slot structures oriented orthogonal to the slot structures on the front metal layer. The circulating current generates a terahertz wave polarized orthogonal to the backside slot structures and the 90° polarization conversion is completed. The re-radiating THz wave with 90° converted polarization propagates in the same direction as the incident THz wave.
Human DPSCs fabricate vascularized woven bone tissue: a new tool in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Paino Francesca , La Noce Marcella , Giuliani Alessandra , De Rosa Alfredo , Mazzoni Serena , Laino Luigi , Amler Evzen , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Desiderio Vincenzo , Tirino Virginia 
Published: February 2017

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells that have been successfully used in human bone tissue engineering. To establish whether these cells can lead to a bone tissue ready to be grafted, we checked DPSCs for their osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation capabilities with the specific aim of obtaining a new tool for bone transplantation. Therefore, hDPSCs were specifically selected from the stromal–vascular dental pulp fraction, using appropriate markers, and cultured. Growth curves, expression of bone-related markers, calcification and angiogenesis as well as an in vivo transplantation assay were performed. We found that hDPSCs proliferate, differentiate into osteoblasts and express high levels of angiogenic genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor A. Human DPSCs, after 40 days of culture, give rise to a 3D structure resembling a woven fibrous bone. These woven bone (WB) samples were analysed using classic histology and synchrotron-based, X-ray phase-contrast microtomography and holotomography. WB showed histological and attractive physical qualities of bone with few areas of mineralization and neovessels. Such WB, when transplanted into rats, was remodelled into vascularized bone tissue. Taken together, our data lead to the assumption that WB samples, fabricated by DPSCs, constitute a noteworthy tool and do not need the use of scaffolds, and therefore they are ready for customized regeneration.
Postoperative Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction and Tingling Sensation after Replantation Surgery without Nerve Repair for Complete Digital Amputation
Authors: Takeuchi Hisataka , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Watanabe Mutsumi , Yasuda Tadashi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2017

Background When performing replantation surgery for complete fingertip amputation, we do not perform digital nerve repair. We hypothesized that this method would not decrease patient satisfaction.
Methods Between July 2011 and August 2013, we performed replantation surgery for 21 complete digital amputations in 18 patients. Digital nerves were not repaired for fingertip amputations. For proximal to distal interphalangeal joint amputations (proximal amputation), however, we repaired as many digital nerves as possible. We followed 17 replanted fingers in 14 patients (fingertip, 9 fingers in 9 patients; proximal, 8 fingers in 5 patients) for > 1 year, performing retrospective evaluation of subjective outcomes via telephone surveys. Patient satisfaction and fingertip tactile sensation scores (FTSS) were rated on scales of 0 to 10; unpleasant sensations (paresthesia or dysesthesia) were also surveyed.
Results Mean patient satisfaction was significantly greater in the fingertip-amputation group than in the proximal-amputation group (9.4 and 7.6, respectively), although mean FTSS did not show significant difference (6.0 and 3.6, respectively). Patients with proximal amputations had dysesthesia in three fingers, paresthesia in one finger, and no numbness in four fingers, whereas patients with fingertip amputations had dysesthesia in three fingers, paresthesia in four fingers, and no numbness in two fingers. Patients with fingertip amputation had significantly more unpleasant sensation than those with proximal amputations.
Conclusion Although fingertip replantation without digital nerve repair causes postoperative tingling, it results in good patient satisfaction.
Universal 2 Wrist Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Munz Giovanni , Guidi Giulia , Ceruso Massimo , Pfanner Sandra 
Published: February 2017

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid- to long-term outcomes and complications in patients affected by rheumatic diseases treated with the Universal 2 (U2) total wrist arthroplasty (TWA).
Methods We reviewed, in a retrospective, noncontrolled cohort study, 22 patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who underwent U2 total wrist replacement between March 2003 and January 2014 for the treatment of 23 rheumatoid wrists with the aim of obtaining the remission of pain and a range of motion (ROM) useful for daily activities, according to the patients' demands, as an alternative to total wrist arthrodesis. The cohort of patients included 20 females and 2 males, with a mean age of 54.9 years. Residual pain, preoperative ROM, postoperative ROM increases, grip strength, radiographic changes, long-term complications, and reasons for revision or failures were evaluated.
Results In this study, 22 patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 82.3 months (range: 2–12 years). All patients had good or complete pain relief, the mean visual analogue scale pain score was 0.82. The mean grip strength improved and postoperatively was 11 kg (Jamar). The mean total ROM of flexion–extension was 72.3 degrees; radial–ulnar deviation 24.9 degrees. The mean QuickDASH score of 49 and patient rate wrist/hand evaluation of 41.7 a revision surgical procedure in six cases (26%): in two cases, a carpal component revision procedure and in four cases, total implant failures requiring either conversion to a Swanson spacer or wrist joint fusion.
Conclusion TWA provides pain relief, preserves motion, and improves function in severe degenerative RA. Our results at a mid- to long-term follow-up with the U2 prosthesis were encouraging and represent, when indicated, a valid alternative to fusion which is less appealing for RA patients.
Level of Evidence Level of evidence is therapeutic IV.
Mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of saccharides in aqueous solutions with sodium chloride
Authors: Kanou Mikihito , Kameoka Takaharu , Suehara Ken-ichiro , Hashimoto Atsushi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The infrared spectral characteristics of three different types of disaccharides (trehalose, maltose, and sucrose) and four different types of monosaccharides (glucose, mannose, galactose, and fructose) in aqueous solutions with sodium chloride (NaCl) were determined. The infrared spectra were obtained using the FT-IR/ATR method and the absorption intensities respected the interaction between the saccharide and water with NaCl were determined. This study also focused on not only the glycosidic linkage position and the constituent monosaccharides, but also the concentration of the saccharides and NaCl and found that they have a significant influence on the infrared spectroscopic characterization of the disaccharides in an aqueous solution with NaCl. The absorption intensities representing the interaction between a saccharide and water with NaCl were spectroscopically determined. Additionally, the applications of MIR spectroscopy to obtain information about saccharide–NaCl interactions in foods and biosystems were suggested.
Comparison of Effects of Tranexamic Acid and Transcollation on Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Boddu Chandrakanth , Vomero Bridgit , Cushner Fred D. 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Perioperative use of tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss during a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Transcollation using Aquamantys is a radiofrequency bipolar hemostatic sealing technology which prevents postoperative hemarthrosis. A comparison between TXA and transcollation using Aquamantys on the effect of perioperative blood loss in TKA has not yet been reported.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study. Two groups of patients underwent unilateral TKAs: TXA group and Aquamantys group. There were 92 patients in the TXA group and 96 patients in the Aquamantys group. The mean drop in hemoglobin levels between the preoperative and postoperative periods in the TXA group and Aquamantys group were compared using unpaired t test. Also, the proportion of cases in the TXA group and Aquamantys group that had a blood hemoglobin drop of≥4 gm/dL was calculated and the odds ratio of such an outcome among the 2 groups was analyzed.

Results:
The mean preoperative hemoglobin levels (gm/dL) in the TXA and Aquamantys groups were comparable. The mean (range) preoperative hemoglobin levels (gm/dL) in the TXA group and Aquamantys group were 13.2 (9.1 to 16.6) and 13.5 (11.3 to 16.6), respectively (P=0.51). The mean (range) postoperative hemoglobin levels (gm/dL) in TXA group and Aquamantys group were 10.9 (8.2 to 13.9) and 10.6 (7.2 to 13.1), respectively (P=0.55). The mean drop of hemoglobin levels (gm/dL) between the preoperative and postoperative period in the TXA group and Aquamantys group were 2.3 and 2.9, respectively (P=0.0016). More importantly, compared with 4 patients in the TXA group, 18 patients in the Aquamantys group had a perioperative hemoglobin drop of>4 gm/dL which is significant (odds ratio, 5.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-15.8; z statistic, 2.85; P=0.004).

Conclusions:
Use of TXA during primary unilateral TKA is statistically more effective compared with Transcollation using Aquamantys both in terms of mean drop of hemoglobin perioperatively and also in decreasing the proportion of patients that develop perioperative hemoglobin drop of >4 gm/dL, of which the latter finding is also clinically significant.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III—see instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Relationship Between OCT Angiography Temporal Peripapillary Vessel-Density and Octopus Perimeter Paracentral Cluster Mean Defect
Authors: Holló Gábor 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography angioflow vessel-density (PAFD) measured in the retinal nerve fiber layer in the temporal peripapillary sector and the average of the spatially corresponding superior and inferior paracentral cluster mean defect values (mean paracentral MD) measured with Octopus perimetry.

Materials and Methods:
Spaerman’s correlation between temporal peripapillary PAFD acquired with the Angiovue OCT and mean paracentral MD measured with the Normal and tendency-oriented perimetry strategy of Octopus G2 perimetry, respectively, was determined on 1 eye of 13 healthy participants, 22 medically controlled ocular hypertensive, and 27 stable early to moderate glaucoma patients. Octopus perimetry was made within 3 months from optical coherence tomography angiography imaging.

Results:
Strong negative relationship was found irrespective to Octopus test strategy between temporal sector peripapillary PAFD and mean paracentral MD for the total population (r-values: −0.5525 and −0.4496, respectively, P≤0.002), the glaucoma group (r-values: −0.4901 and −0.4936, respectively, P<0.01) and the ocular hypertensive group (r-values: −0.4445 and −0.4496, P≤0.0382). For the healthy eyes, and for all groups when correction for the diffuse defect component of global MD was made using the perimeter’s software, no significant relationship was found.

Conclusions:
Strong negative relationship exists between the temporal peripapillary sector PAFD measured with Angiovue OCT angiography in the retinal nerve fiber layer and mean paracentral cluster MD determined with uncorrected Normal and tendency-oriented perimetry strategies of Octopus perimetry. This relationship may be usefully applied in research when eyes with paracentral scotomas are investigated.
Predicting the Magnitude of Functional and Structural Damage in Glaucoma From Monocular Pupillary Light Responses Using Automated Pupillography
Authors: Pradhan Zia S. , Rao Harsha L. , Puttaiah Narendra K. , Kadambi Sujatha V. , Dasari Srilakshmi , Reddy Hemanth B. , Palakurthy Meena , Riyazuddin Mohammed , Rao Dhanaraj A.S. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To predict the magnitude of functional damage [mean deviation (MD) on visual field examination] and structural damage [retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness on spectral domain optical coherence tomography] in glaucoma from monocular pupillary light response measurements using automated pupillography.

Methods:
In total, 59 subjects (118 eyes) with either a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of glaucoma underwent automated pupillography, along with visual fields and spectral domain optical coherence tomography examinations. Association between pupillary light response measurements of each eye [amplitude of constriction, latency of onset of constriction (L
oc), latency of maximal constriction (L
maxc), velocity of constriction and velocity of redilation] and corresponding MD, average RNFL, and average GCC measurements were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis after accounting for the multicollinearity. Goodness of fit of the multivariate models was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R
2).

Results:
Multivariate regression models that contained L
oc and L
maxc showed the best association with MD (R
2 of 0.30), average RNFL thickness (R
2=0.18) and average GCC thickness (R
2=0.26). The formula that best predicts the MD could be described as: MD=−14.06−0.15×L
oc+0.06×L
maxc. The formula that best predicts the average RNFL thickness could be described as: Average RNFL thickness=67.18−0.22×L
oc+0.09×L
maxc.

Conclusions:
Glaucomatous damage as estimated by MD, RNFL, and GCC thickness measurements were best predicted by the latency parameters (L
oc and L
maxc) of pupillography. Worsening of glaucomatous damage resulted in a delayed onset of pupillary constriction and a decreased L
maxc.
Relationship Between Anterior Lamina Cribrosa Surface Tilt and Glaucoma Development in Myopic Eyes
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the anterior lamina cribrosa (LC) surface tilt angle in myopic eyes and associate it with glaucoma development.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study, medical records of myopic patients referred for glaucoma examination from July 1, 2012 to March 30, 2016 were reviewed. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were performed. We measured the angle of anterior LC surface tilt against Bruch’s membrane opening from optical coherence tomography images at the center of the clinical optic disc margin. In horizontal and vertical sections, the angles were defined as α and β, respectively. Patients were grouped according to the presence of glaucomatous damage and factors including optic nerve head morphologic parameters and LC tilt angles were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
Among 138 patients originally enrolled, 102 patients were finally analyzed. One eye from 1 patient was randomly chosen. Fifty-five eyes had glaucoma and 47 were normal. The degree of myopia and all optic nerve head morphologic parameters were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, |α| and |β| were significantly larger in the glaucoma group (all P<0.001), and significances were maintained in multivariate analysis (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Larger anterior LC surface tilt angles were related to the presence of glaucoma in normal-pressure myopic eyes. Angulation of the LC against Bruch’s membrane opening plane might be associated with increased glaucoma susceptibility in myopic eyes. Further investigations are warranted before clinical utilization of LC tilt as glaucoma susceptibility biomarker.
Retinotopic fMRI Reveals Visual Dysfunction and Functional Reorganization in the Visual Cortex of Mild to Moderate Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Zhou Wei , Muir Eric R. , Nagi Kundandeep S. , Chalfin Steven , Rodriguez Pavel , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To investigate retinotopic functional representation in the visual cortex of mild to moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) participants and age-matched normal volunteers using high-resolution retinotopic blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods:
fMRI was performed on 9 POAG participants (61±11 y old) and 9 age-matched controls (58±5 y old) were studied. A wide-view visual presentation (±55 degrees) was used to evaluate central and peripheral vision. Cortical magnification factors and BOLD% changes as a function of eccentricity. Correlation analysis between BOLD% changes and visual field scores, and between BOLD% changes and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses was performed. Comparison of BOLD% changes for individual visual field quadrants between POAG subgroups and normal group was performed.

Results:
BOLD% changes of POAG participants in peripheral visual regions were reduced compared to normals but similar in central visual regions, consistent with the notion of peripheral vision being affected first and more compared to central vision. fMRI retinotopic mapping revealed enlarged representation of the parafovea in the visual cortex of POAG participants compared to normals. Cortical magnification of the central, but not peripheral, visual representation in the visual cortex was larger in POAG participants, suggesting functional remapping. BOLD% changes of individual visual field quadrants were significantly correlated with visual field scores and with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the corresponding quadrants.

Conclusions:
These results support the hypothesis that there are functional alteration and remapping in the topographic representation of the visual cortex in POAG participants, and these changes are correlated with disease severity.