bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased expression of TIPE2 contributes to the hyperreactivity of monocyte to Toll‐like receptor ligands in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Qin Baodong , Wei Tingting , Wang Lili , Ma Ning , Tang Qingqin , Liang Yan , Yang Zaixing , Zhou Lin , Zhong Renqian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and AimPrevious studies have shown differential TIPE2 expression in several autoimmune diseases. However, the expression levels of TIPE2 in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) remained unclear. The purposes of this study were to evaluate TIPE2 expression levels in patients with PBC and further investigate its role in PBC pathogenesis.MethodsA total of 40 PBC patients and 44 healthy controls were included in the present study. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to determine the differences in mRNA and protein expression levels of TIPE2. The correlations of TIPE2 expression levels and clinical characteristics, inflammatory cytokines, and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment were also assessed. Besides, the influence of TIPE2 on the reactivity of monocyte to Toll‐like receptor ligands was further analyzed.ResultsThe expression levels of TIPE2 were significantly decreased in PBC patients compared with normal controls (P < 0.01). The expression levels of TIPE2 were negatively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (r = −0.40, P = 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (r = −0.36, P = 0.02), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (r = −0.53, P < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (r = −0.332, P = 0.03), interleukin (IL)‐1β (r = −0.386, P = 0.01), and IL‐8 (r = −0.366, P = 0.02) levels in sera from PBC patients. TIPE2 expression level could be significantly increased after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment (P < 0.01). The production of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐8 by monocytes from PBC patients after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid was significantly increased when TIPE2 was knocked down. Furthermore, TIPE2 knockdown could promote activation of nuclear factor‐κB pathways through increasing phosphorylation and degradation of IκB in peripheral blood monocytes from PBC patients.ConclusionThe present study reported that insufficient expression of TIPE2 might be involved in the hyperreactivity of monocyte to Toll‐like receptor ligands in PBC.
Aspiration Thrombectomy in Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Updated Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ghatak Abhijit , Singh Vikas , Shantha Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash , Badheka Apurva , Patel Nilesh , Alfonso Carlos E. , Biswas Monodeep , Pancholy Samir Bipin , Grines Cindy , O'Neill William W. , de Marchena Eduardo , Cohen Mauricio G. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe Trial of Routine Aspiration Thrombectomy with PCI versus PCI alone in patients with STEMI (TOTAL trial) refuted the salutary effect of routine aspiration thrombectomy (AT) in PPCI for patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).ObjectivesWe performed an updated meta‐analysis to assess clinical outcomes with AT prior to PPCI compared with conventional PPCI alone including the additional trial data.Methods and ResultsClinical trials (n = 20) that randomized patients (n = 21,281) with STEMI between Routine AT (n = 10,619) and PPCI (n = 10,662) were pooled. There was no difference in all‐cause mortality between the 2 groups (RR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.78–1.01, P = 0.08). Stratifying by follow up at 1‐month (RR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.69–1.10, P = 0.25), up to 6 months (RR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.74–1.13, P = 0.39 and beyond 6 months (RR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.74–1.05, P = 0.16) yielded similar results. There was a statistically significant increase risk of stoke rate in the AT arm (RR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.01–2.25, P = 0.04). The 2 groups were similar with regards to target vessel revascularization (0.94, 95%CI: 0.83–1.06, P = 0.28) recurrent MI (RR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.80–1.16, P = 0.68, MACE events (RR: 0.91 95%CI: 0.81–1.02, P = 0.11), early (0.59, 95%CI: 0.23–1.50, P = 0.27) and late (RR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.69–1.18, P = 0.47) stent thrombosis and net clinical benefit (RR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.91–1.07, P = 0.76).ConclusionRoutine AT prior to PPCI in STEMI is associated with higher risk of stroke. There is no statistical difference in clinical outcome parameters of mortality, major adverse cardiac events, target vessel revascularization, stent thrombosis, and net clinical benefit between AT and PCI alone. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:503–513)
Comparative Analysis of Tunical Plication vs. Intralesional Injection Therapy for Ventral Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Yafi Faysal A. , Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Knoedler Christopher J. , Trost Landon W. , Sikka Suresh C. , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Approximately 10% of Peyronie’s disease (PD) patients present with ventral curvatures and, as such, there is a paucity of data describing the optimal approach for treatment.

Aim
This study aims to compare the outcomes of surgery (tunical plication [TP]) and intralesional injection (ILI) therapy (interferon-α2b) in men with ventral PD.

Materials and Methods
Retrospective data were collected from two centers: Tulane University (ILI) and Technical University of Munich (TP). Collected variables included patient demographics, pre- and post-treatment sexual function, rigorous penile measurements (curvature, length, and penile vascular findings), and post-treatment outcomes.

Results
A total of 35 patients with ventral PD (21 ILI and 14 TP) were included in the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups prior to the interventions. There was a significantly better improvement in mean curvature with TP (46.4 degrees) as compared with ILI (9.3), P &lt; 0.0001. TP was also associated with a significantly higher rate of ≥20% improvement in curvature as compared with ILI (100% vs. 67%, P = 0.027). Although there was no significant difference in post-treatment change in Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) scores between the groups, 36% of the ILI patients noted an improved SHIM score as compared with none in the TP group. Erect penile length was preserved or improved in 67% of the ILI group vs. 14% of the TP group, P = 0.005.

Conclusions
TP confers a better overall improvement in penile curvature as compared with ILI in patients with ventral PD. Preserved or improved erect penile length and SHIM scores may be observed in patients undergoing ILI.
Steroid Receptors and Aromatase Gene Expression in Different Brain Areas of Copulating and Sexually Sluggish Male Rats
Authors: Antaramian Anaid , González-Gallardo Adriana , García-Ugalde Carlos , Portillo Wendy , Paredes Raúl G. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexually sluggish (SS) males have been identified in several species of mammals including rats. These animals take more than 30 minutes to ejaculate; they do not ejaculate or do so inconsistently despite being tested repeatedly with sexually receptive females. Different brain areas and hormones play an important role in the control of male sexual behavior.

Aims
Determine gene expression for the androgen receptor (AR), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), the progesterone receptor (PR), and the aromatase enzyme (ARO), in brain regions important in the control of male sexual behavior including the medial preoptic area (MPOA), the amygdala (AMG), the olfactory bulb (OB), and, as a control, the cortex (CTX) of copulating (C) and SS male rats.

Methods
Males that ejaculated within 30 minutes in three tests with receptive females were included in the C group, while those males that ejaculated in one or none of the four tests were included in the SS group. RNA was isolated 1 week after the last test of sexual behavior, and cDNA was synthesized from the brain areas listed above.

Main Outcomes Measures
Expression of the AR, ERα, PR, and ARO genes was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cyclophilin A (CycA) and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase-tryptophan activation protein zeta (Ywhaz) were housekeeping genes used to determine relative gene expression with the 2−ΔΔCt method.

Results
The expression of mRNA for AR and ARO increased in the MPOA of SS males. ARO mRNA was increased in the AMG of SS males. In the OB, ERα mRNA was increased and AR mRNA reduced in SS males.

Conclusion
These results indicate SS and C males show differences in gene expression within brain regions controlling sexual behavior.
Serum β‐lactam concentrations in critically ill patients with cirrhosis: a matched case–control study
Authors: Lheureux Olivier , Trepo Eric , Hites Maya , Cotton Frederic , Wolff Fleur , Surin Rudy , Creteur Jacques , Vincent Jean‐Louis , Gustot Thierry , Jacobs Frederique , Taccone Fabio S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsThe pharmacokinetics of β‐lactam antibiotics have not been well defined in critically ill patients with cirrhosis.MethodsWe reviewed data from critically ill patients with cirrhosis and matched controls in whom routine therapeutic drug monitoring of two broad‐spectrum β‐lactam antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem) had been performed. Serum drug concentrations were measured twice by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Antibiotic pharmacokinetics were calculated using a one‐compartment model. We considered that therapy was adequate when serum drug concentrations were between 4 and 8 times the minimal inhibitory concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during optimal periods of time for each drug (≥ 50% for piperacillin/tazobactam; ≥ 40% for meropenem).ResultsWe studied 38 patients with cirrhosis (16 for piperacillin/tazobactam and 22 for meropenem) and 38 matched controls. Drug dosing was similar in the two groups. The pharmacokinetics analysis showed a lower volume of distribution of meropenem (P = 0.05) and a lower antibiotic clearance of piperacillin/tazobactam (P = 0.009) in patients with cirrhosis than in the matched controls. Patients with cirrhosis were more likely than those without cirrhosis to have excessive serum β‐lactam concentrations (P = 0.015), in particular for piperacillin/tazobactam.ConclusionsStandard β‐lactam antibiotics regimens resulted in excessive serum concentrations in two thirds of the patients with cirrhosis. This was particularly true for piperacillin/tazobactam, probably because of reduced drug clearance.
Grounding Distributional Semantics in the Visual World
Authors: Baroni Marco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDistributional semantic models build vector‐based word meaning representations on top of contextual information extracted from large collections of text. Object recognition methods from computer vision derive vector‐based representations of visual content from natural images. This article reviews how methods from computer vision are exploited to tackle the fundamental problem of grounding distributional semantic models, bringing them closer to providing a full‐fledged computational account of meaning.
Methods in renal research: kidney transplantation in the rat
Authors: Tillou Xavier , Howden Brian O. , Kanellis John , Nikolic‐Paterson David J. , Ma Frank Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractKidney transplantation in small animals has been crucial in the development of anti‐rejection therapies. While there is no substitute for a skilled microsurgeon, there are many aspects of the transplant procedure that can be modified to optimize the reproducibility and utility of the technique. This article provides a detailed description, including video recording, of orthotopic kidney transplantation in the rat. The key variables in the technique are also discussed.
Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: a meta‐analytic review
Authors: Boswell Rebecca G. , Kober Hedy 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAccording to learning‐based models of behavior, food cue reactivity and craving are conditioned responses that lead to increased eating and subsequent weight gain. However, evidence supporting this relationship has been mixed. We conducted a quantitative meta‐analysis to assess the predictive effects of food cue reactivity and craving on eating and weight‐related outcomes. Across 69 reported statistics from 45 published reports representing 3,292 participants, we found an overall medium effect of food cue reactivity and craving on outcomes (r = 0.33, p < 0.001; approximately 11% of variance), suggesting that cue exposure and the experience of craving significantly influence and contribute to eating behavior and weight gain. Follow‐up tests revealed a medium effect size for the effect of both tonic and cue‐induced craving on eating behavior (r = 0.33). We did not find significant differences in effect sizes based on body mass index, age, or dietary restraint. However, we did find that visual food cues (e.g. pictures and videos) were associated with a similar effect size to real food exposure and a stronger effect size than olfactory cues. Overall, the present findings suggest that food cue reactivity, cue‐induced craving and tonic craving systematically and prospectively predict food‐related outcomes. These results have theoretical, methodological, public health and clinical implications.
Improvement of Atrial and Ventricular Remodeling with Low Atrial Fibrillation Burden after Hybrid Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: TOPLISEK JANEZ , PERNAT ANDREJ , RUZIC NADA , ROBIC BORIS , SINKOVEC MATJAZ , CVIJIC MARTA , GERSAK BORUT 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundAn endoscopic transdiaphragmatic epicardial radiofrequency ablation procedure combined with percutaneous endocardial radiofrequency ablation—a hybrid procedure—is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Long‐term effects of arrhythmia elimination on atrial and ventricular remodeling are not completely understood. Therefore, the aim of our study was to quantify echocardiographic structural and functional changes of the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) following a hybrid procedure.Methods and ResultsThirty‐seven consecutive patients with symptomatic drug refractory persistent AF underwent a hybrid procedure to achieve complete pulmonary vein and LA posterior wall electrical isolation. AF burden was measured using an insertable electrocardiographic (ECG) monitor. Patients were divided into responders to ablation and nonresponders according to postoperative AF burden at 12‐month follow‐up (responder < 0.5% vs nonresponder ≥0.5%). Median AF burden was 0.32 (0.04–27.5)% for all patients. In responders (19/37 patients), significant echocardiographic reduction of LA volume index from 47 to 41 mL/m2 (P < 0.05) and improvement of LA function parameters (LA stiffness from 73.3 to 41.3 [P < 0.05], LA emptying fraction from 21% to 45% [P < 0.05], LA global longitudinal strain from 11.2% to 18.8% [P < 0.5]) was documented. In addition, LV systolic function significantly improved in comparison with nonresponders.ConclusionHybrid ablation of persistent AF achieved stable sinus rhythm in a significant proportion of patients, as evidenced by continuous ECG monitoring, resulting in important LA and LV reverse remodeling after 12 months.
Clinicopathological characteristics associated with BRAFK601E and BRAFL597 mutations in melanoma
Authors: Voskoboynik Mark , Mar Victoria , Mailer Sonia , Colebatch Andrew , Fennessy Anne , Logan Aleksandra , Hewitt Chelsee , Cebon Jonathon , Kelly John , McArthur Grant 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBRAF mutations at codons L597 and K601 occur uncommonly in melanoma. Clinical and pathological associations of these mutations were investigated in a cohort of 1119 patients with known BRAF mutation status. A BRAF mutation was identified in 435 patients; Mutations at L597 and the K601E mutation were seen in 3.4 and 3.2% of these, respectively. K601E melanomas tended to occur in male patients, a median age of 58 yr, were generally found on the trunk (64%) and uncommonly associated with chronically sun‐damaged (CSD) skin. BRAF L597 melanomas occurred in older patients (median 66 yr), but were associated with CSD skin (extremities or head and neck location – 73.3%, P = 0.001). Twenty‐three percent of patients with V600E‐ and 43% of patients with K601E‐mutant melanomas presented with nodal disease at diagnosis compared to just 14% of patients with BRAF wild‐type tumors (P = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively). Overall, these mutations represent a significant minority of BRAF mutations, but have distinct clinicopathological phenotypes and clinical behaviors.
Gaucher Disease Type 2 Presenting with Collodion Membrane and Blueberry Muffin Lesions
Authors: Carr Patrick C. , Casamiquela Kathleen M. , Jacks Stephanie K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCollodion membrane is most closely associated with forms of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, but the differential diagnosis includes many other less common etiologies. Herein we present a case of Gaucher disease (GD) type 2 in a neonate presenting with collodion membrane in addition to blueberry muffin lesions. The clinical presentation and etiology of GD and the differential diagnoses for collodion membrane and blueberry muffin lesions are briefly reviewed.
Eruptive Hypomelanosis in a Young Child as a “Paraviral Exanthem”
Authors: Chuh Antonio , Bharatia Pravin , Zawar Vijay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe recently reported a wave of nine children with a novel paraviral exanthem, which we have termed eruptive hypomelanosis. We subsequently witnessed a second wave of children with this exanthem and present a patient here to alert clinicians.
Acute myeloid leukemia in children: Current status and future directions
Authors: Taga Takashi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Adachi Souichi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 25% of pediatric leukemia and affects approximately 180 patients annually in Japan. The treatment outcome for pediatric AML has improved through advances in chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), supportive care, and optimal risk stratification. Currently, clinical pediatric AML studies are conducted separately according to the AML subtypes: de novo AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and myeloid leukemia with Down syndrome (ML‐DS). Children with de novo AML are treated mainly with anthracyclines and cytarabine, in some cases with HSCT, and the overall survival (OS) rate now approaches 70%. Children with APL are treated with an all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA)‐combined regimen with an 80–90% OS. Children with ML‐DS are treated with a less intensive regimen compared with non‐DS patients, and the OS is approximately 80%. HSCT in first remission is restricted to children with high‐risk de novo AML only. To further improve outcomes, it will be necessary to combine more accurate risk stratification strategies using molecular genetic analysis with assessment of minimum residual disease, and the introduction of new drugs in international collaborative clinical trials.
Efficacy and safety of pamidronate in children with vitamin D intoxication
Authors: Kara Cengiz , Çetinkaya Semra , Gündüz Suzan , Can Yılmaz Gülay , Aycan Zehra , Aydın Murat 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundBisphosphonates are used in the treatment of vitamin D intoxication (VDI) after failure of conventional therapy including prednisolone. Safety concerns restrict the use of bisphosphonates from being used as first‐line therapy for VDI in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pamidronate in comparison with prednisolone in children with VDI.MethodsWe reviewed the hospital records of children consecutively diagnosed with VDI at two medical centers in a 15 year period.ResultsThe subjects consisted of 21 children (age, 0.3–4.2 years) who were treated with prednisolone and/or bisphosphonates. Pamidronate (n = 18) or alendronate (n = 3) was used in six patients after unsuccessful prednisolone treatment, and in 15 patients from baseline. Initial serum calcium and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D were 16.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL and 493 ± 219 ng/mL, respectively. The median time to reach normocalcemia in the pamidronate, alendronate and prednisolone groups was 3 days (range, 2–12 days), 4 days (range, 3–6 days) and 17 days (range, 12–26 days), respectively (P = 0.013). The pamidronate group had a fivefold shorter hospital stay than the prednisolone group. Three patients initially treated with prednisolone developed nephrocalcinosis but this did not occur in any patient treated with bisphosphonates from baseline. Apart from transient fever and moderate hypophosphatemia, no side‐effect of bisphosphonate treatment was observed.ConclusionsPamidronate is efficient and safe for the treatment of VDI in children. Pamidronate use significantly shortens the duration of treatment, and thereby may prevent the development of nephrocalcinosis. Instead of prednisolone, pamidronate should be used together with hydration and furosemide as the first‐line therapy for VDI.
Husserl and Rickert on the Nature of Judgment
Authors: Staiti Andrea 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper I present and assess a controversy between Edmund Husserl and Heinrich Rickert on the nature of judgment, in order to bring to light the originality of Husserl's proposal concerning this important issue. In the first section I provide some context for Rickert's theory of judgment by sketching a reconstruction of nineteenth century logical theory and then proceed to introduce Rickert's view. I suggest that nineteenth century logic is characterized by a criticism of the traditional view that sees categorial judgment (S is P) as the essential form of judgment and the uniting and separating of ideas as sufficient for the constitution of a judgment. Hume inaugurates this criticism, but it finds its most mature expression in the work of Lotze, Brentano, and Rickert. Rickert, in particular, sees simple affirmation and negation of the transcendent value of truth as the essence of judgment. In the second section I present Husserl's criticism of Rickert. Husserl's criticism revolves around the distinction between simple judgments and the higher‐order affirmative or negative stance we can adopt with respect to previously articulated simple judgments. Simple judgments register the mereological relation holding among something and one of its properties, and they do not entail an affirmative or negative stance. Their function is to constitute states of affairs drawing on concrete perceptual situations. Higher‐order affirmation or negation occurs when we set out to revisit a foregoing simple judgment in order to confirm or disconfirm the veridicality of its proposed state of affairs. In the third part I suggest a diagnosis of the origin of the mistake in earlier theories. Simple judgments are easy to conflate with non‐simple, higher‐order judgmental stances because (1) they have the same logical value and (2) they cannot be seen without the aid of genuinely phenomenological (as opposed to retrospective) reflection. In conclusion, I suggest that Husserl's analysis amounts to a vindication of categorial judgment in its traditional form ‘S is P’, which continues to maintain a phenomenological legitimacy even in the wake of Frege's canonical dismissal of subject and predicate.