bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Electroluminescence of Urethane Containing Processable Polythiophene Derivative by Addition of Dye Molecules
Authors: Kaur Amarjeet , Cazeca Mario J. , Chittibabu Kethinni G. , Kumar Jayant , Tripathy Sukant K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTOrganic electroluminescent (EL) diodes based on fluorescent dyes and conducting polymers have attracted the interest of researchers, mainly because of their emission in the visible region and for application to large area portable flat panel display devices, driven at low voltages. Therefore, for the development of higher efficiency polymer EL diodes, the optimal combination of the merits of organic fluorescent dye molecules with that of conjugated polymer is an important approach. We report electroluminescence studies of polymer light emitting diodes (p-LEDs) fabricated with poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethanol n-butoxy carbonylmethyl urethane] (PURET) and its composite with 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H pyran (DCM) dye. These materials have been chosen in view of the fact that PURET exhibits a small overlap between emission and absorption spectra whereas DCM has a good efficiency of trapping both electrons as well as holes. Polyaniline has been utilized as hole injecting layer whereas tris-8-hydroxyquinoline-aluminum as electron injecting layer. Enhanced electroluminescence with bright yellow color has been observed in p-LEDs by the addition of dye.
Reversible Thermochromic Transition between Different J-Aggregate States of Amphiphilic Merocyanine Dye Crystallites
Authors: Kato Noritaka , Shin Yasuaki , Uesu Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTOn the subphase, which contains Cd2+ and Mg2+ ions, two-dimensional (2D) J-aggregate crystallites of merocyanine dye molecules exhibit a thermochromic transition. The J-aggregate absorption band of the low (LT) and high temperature (HT) phases are located at 620 and 595 nm, respectively. In order to clarify the in-plane structure of the 2D J-aggregate crystallites, grazing incident X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the Langmuir-Blodgett multi-layers which consisted of the monolayers of LT and HT phases. It was revealed that the in-plane arrangement of the dye molecules is slightly different in the J-aggregate crystallites of LT and HT phases.
Spectroelectrochemical Raman Study of two α,α'-End Capped Sexithiophenes: The Effect of the Introduction of a Polarisable Sulfur Atom in the Side Chain
Authors: Casado J. , Katz H. E. , Hernández V. , López Navarrete J.T. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the vibrational FT-Raman spectra obtained at different anodic potentials chosen in the oxidation and reduction branches of the voltamperometric waves of two α,α'-sexithiophenes end capped with n-hexyl and n-thiohexyl groups are investigated. In order to analyze the evolution of the atomic charges and bonth lengths on going from the neutral to the doped species some theoretical calculations have been carried out.
Thin Interfacial Layers in Polymer-Based Electronics
Authors: Fahlman M. , Greczynski G. , Johansson N. , Jönsson S. , Salaneck W.R. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTElectronic devices based on organic materials are presently being developed. In these devices, the cathode interface and the nature of the charge carrying species are often of crucial importance. In that context, the behavior of lithium atoms deposited on the surfaces of ultra-thin spin-coated films of poly(dioctyl-fluorene), PFO, and of condensed molecular solid films of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum, Alq3, have been studied. The Li-atoms donate charges to the organic systems, leading to doping-induced electronic states in the otherwise forbidden energy gap. The changes in the electronic structure induced by charge transfer from the Li-atoms are different in the two materials studied, and depend upon the localization of the electronic states to which the electrons are transferred. In the case of the delocalized wave functions of the ∼-system of PFO, at low doping levels, the added charges lead to the formation of polaron states, while at higher doping concentrations, bipolaron states are formed. In the case of Alq3, however, up to a level of three added electrons per molecule, the added electrons reside in states localized on each of the three ligands. The role of thin (∼5 Å) interfacial layers of LiF or CsF between poly(9,9- dioctylfluorene) polymer film and an aluminum electrode was studied as well. LiF-deposition on poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene) did not cause doping of the polymer films, nor did the LiF dissociate at the interface. No significant shifts in the binding energy of the core levels nor any changes in the work function occurred. Al-deposition on LiF/PFO films did not cause dissociation of LiF, unlike the case for Alq3. We found that CsF does not dissociate when deposited on a polymer film. However, deposition of aluminum on CsF will cause dissociation with cesium n-doping the PFO film at the interface and fluorine likely reacting with aluminum to form AlF3. When deposited onto either of sputter-cleaned Al surface or Al with native oxide layer (AlxOy), CsF also was found to dissociate at the interface. CsF does not dissociate for Au/CsF/PFO and CsF/Au interfaces, which emphasizes the crucial role aluminum plays in the process. The observed decomposition of CsF occurring upon Al deposition and following Cs-doping of the surface region of PFO likely enhances injection of electrons into organic layer improving device performance. Since CsF dissociation is independent of the underlying material, the Al/CsF/emissive-material structure could be effective for almost all types of polymer/organic based electronic devices.
Interface Formation Between Silver and Pentacene: A Photoemission Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Watkins Neil J. , Le Quoc Toan , Zorba Serkan , Yan Li , Gao Yongli 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe report the interface formation between silver (Ag) and pentacene, an organic material used as an active material in organic thin-film transistors, using x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). XPS results indicate that silver does not chemically react with pentacene regardless of the deposition order. We see that neither pentacene nor silver exhibited simple layer by layer growth when deposited on the other. UPS results show that a dipole forms as pentacene is deposited on silver.
Charge-Transport in Partially-Ordered Regioregular Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Studied as a Function of the Charge-carrier Density
Authors: Rep D.B.A. , Huisman B.-H. , Meijer E.J. , Prins P. , Klapwijk T.M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that charge-transport in partially-ordered thin films of poly(3- hexylthiophene) is strongly dependent on the charge-carrier density in the film, which we relate to the localized nature of the charge carriers. We base our conclusions on measurements in which the charge-carrier density is varied by electrostatic means (in a transistor geometry) and by in- situ thermal removal of oxygen dopants. For the doping levels investigated, we argue that the removal of oxygen does not induce structural changes in the conjugated polymer, and that it only shifts the Fermi-level of the film.
Photoinduced Charge Carriers in a Donor-Acceptor Double-Cable Polythiophene with Covalently Bound Tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane Moieties
Authors: Zerza Gerald , Cravino Antonio , Neugebauer Helmut , Gómez Rafael , Segura José L. , Martín Nazario , Svensson Mattias , Andersson Mats R. , Sariciftci N. Serdar 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe preparation of double-cable polymers, which consist of a hole conducting conjugated chain carrying pendant electron accepting/conducting moieties, is a promising strategy to prevent donor/acceptor phase segregation and to achieve defined microscopic structure in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. In this paper we report the electrochemical synthesis and the investigation of a double-cable consisting of a polythiophene backbone bearing, via covalent bonds, electron accepting tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane (TCAQ) type moieties. Electrochemical studies and UV- VIS absorption spectroscopy reveal, that in dark, the polythiophene chain and the TCAQ moieties retain their individual ground-state properties. Upon illumination photoinduced electron transfer occurs, which is studied by photoinduced VIS-NIR absorption spectroscopy.
Multilayered Structures and Low Temperature Conversion Process of Poly(P-Phenylene Vinylene) Thin Films
Authors: Marletta A. , Castro F. A. , Oliveira O. N. , Faria R. M. , Guimarães F. E. G. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe have used a long chain dodecylbenzenesulfonate ion (DBS) to produce self-assembled multilayer structures of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) with special features. Rather than alternating layers provided of a PPV-precursor (the poly(xylylidene tetrahydrothiophenium chloride or PTHT) and a polyanion, the alternated adsorption process was carried out with the PPV-precursor and the DBS ions in aqueous solution. The internal layer structure of these PTHT- DBS films is therefore different from conventional layer-by-layer films, since DBS is expected to be incorporated into the PTHT chain via counterion exchange. As a consequence, the conjugation length could also be controlled by controlling the DBS content in the film. Further advantage of introducing DBS lies in the possibility of converting films with a high conjugation length at 115 oC within only 3 min. The luminescence and absorption spectra at low temperatures show a very intense well-resolved vibronic structure. We also demonstrated the band-gap control of PPV films with a possible heterostructure formation.
Fluorescence Quenching Based Thin Film Sensors Employing Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly
Authors: Lee Soo-Hyoung , Kumar J. , Tripathy S. K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, the fabrication and performance of thin film optical chemical sensors based on the fluorescence quenching of indicator molecules by several analytes such as organic nitro compounds or metal ions are described. To fabricate the sensors, a fluorescent molecule, 1- hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate or pyrene methanol, was covalently incorporated into poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and subsequently the polymers were assembled with a polycation employing electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly into thin film structures. Fluorescence intensities decreased with increasing concentration of analytes. Quenching behavior follows Stern-Volmer bimolecular quenching kinetics. Linear increase in absorbance, film thickness and emission intensity was observed with increase in number of bilayers deposited in all multilayer films.
Electrochemical Testing of Potential Molecular Devices
Authors: Price David W. , Dirk Shawn M. , Rawlett Adam M. , Chen Jia , Wang W. , Reed Mark A. , Zacarias Angelica G. , Seminario Jorge M. , Tour James M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study the reduction potentials of 2,5- di(ethynylphenyl)-4-nitroaniline and 2,5-di(ethynylphenyl)nitrobenzene. Although no absolute reduction potentials can be used in the correlation between solution (CV) and solid state (nanopore) embodiments, each CV plot showed two reductions. The first and second reduction might correspond to switching events of recently reported molecular electronic devices in a nanopore. Cyclic voltammetry results are also reported for other potential molecular scale electronic devices.
Godność osoby ludzkiej jako fundament i cel komunikacji medialnej
Authors: Drożdż Michał 
Published: May 2017

Autor artykułu pokazuje wszelkie działania komunikacyjne z perspektywy „osoby i jej czynu”. Autor odwołuje się w swoich analizach do personalistycznego kierunku myślenia wypracowanego przez Karola Wojtyłę. W każdym procesie komunikacyjnym obecny jest człowiek jako jego twórca, sprawca czy uczestnik. Każda komunikacja jest czynem osoby i w każdej z nich uczestniczą również inne osoby, zgodnie z naturą i charakterem komunikacji. Podstawowym walorem i wyznacznikiem bycia osobą jest jej niezbywalna wartość i godność. Szacunek dla wartości i godności człowieka stanowi zatem fundament wszelkiej komunikacji. Autor stara się uzasadnić, że personalistyczna wizja godności ludzkiej stanowi dobrą metodologicznie i treściowo platformę dla aksjologicznych refleksji w kontekście współczesnych problemów komunikacji medialnej.
Wideo na żądanie jako przedmiot regulacji prawnych
Authors: Dziekan-Łanucha Agata 
Published: May 2017

Unijna dyrektywa o audiowizualnych usługach medialnych wprowadziła konieczność uwzględnienia w przepisach krajowych regulacji dotyczących wideo na żądanie jako usługi nielinearnej. Polska dokonała tego w 2012 roku. Uchwalenie unormowań poprzedziły spory wokół definicji nowego medium. Artykuł ma na celu zaprezentowanie nowych regulacji, kontrowersji, które wzbudziły te regulacje, a także pokazanie stanu ich realizacji. Odpowiada m.in. na pytanie dotyczące sposobu ochrony najmłodszych widzów w serwisach wideo na żądanie przed dostępem do nieodpowiednich dla nich treści.
Rodzina jako środowisko wpierające decyzje edukacyjno­‑zawodowe młodych osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową
Authors: Kutek-Sładek Katarzyna 
Published: May 2017

W niniejszym artykule omówiono rolę rodziny w procesie wsparcia związanego z wyborem kierunku kształcenia i zawodu przez młode osoby z niepełnosprawnością ruchową. Dla tej grupy, jako przyszłych pracowników – dobrze wykształconych młodych osób z niepełnosprawnościami – wejście na rynek pracy jest czasami trudne i bardzo często kończy się niepowodzeniem, stąd rola rodziny jako środowiska wspierającego wydaje się znacząca. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na omówienie czynników wpływających na wybory edukacyjno­‑zawodowe, takich jak: poziom wykształcenia rodziców, wybór kierunku studiów a zawody wykonywane przez członków rodziny, sytuacja socjalno­‑bytowa rodziny, zadowolenie rodziców z wyborów zawodowych badanych i inne. Ponadto dokonano przeglądu możliwości rozwoju karier zawodowych osób z niepełnosprawnościami w oparciu o funkcjonujący system wsparcia.
Samotność młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością jako problem pedagogiczny
Authors: Szczupał Bernadeta 
Published: May 2017

Samotność to złożone i wielowymiarowe zjawisko, definiowane na różnych płaszczyznach. Samotność może dotyczyć człowieka w każdej fazie jego rozwoju, a w zależności od okresu, w którym się pojawi, przybiera odmienne formy. W artykule przedstawiono definicje i główne koncepcje samotności oraz aspekty poczucia samotności wśród młodzieży niepełnosprawnej, odczuwania przez nią stanów psychicznych mających wpływ na kształtowanie tożsamości i autonomii oraz relacje z najbliższym otoczeniem. Zasygnalizowano badania zagraniczne nad poczuciem samotności u osób niepełnosprawnych, zaprezentowano także wybrane badania dotyczące poczucia samotności w określonych sytuacjach interpersonalnych przedstawione w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu z zakresu pedagogiki specjalnej. Czynnikiem powodującym poczucie samotności może być choroba lub niepełnosprawność dziecka, dysfunkcyjność rodziny, występowanie w rodzinie zjawisk o charakterze patologicznym, uzależnienia rodziców powodujące wzrost poczucia osamotnienia we wszystkich obszarach funkcjonowania dziecka – głównie w emocjonalnych i społecznych.
Analysis of school children’s height from two different socioeconomic status in rural area of Wardha District of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Tote Sachin D. , Tote Darshana S. , Gajbe Ujwal 
Published: May 2017

Background: Anthropometry is widely recognized as one of the useful technique to assess the growth and nutritional status of an individual as population. The present study was carried out with the aim to study the growth parameter of the school going children and to find association of socioeconomic status and height.Methods: School children from age 6 to 14 years are examine for weight. There socioeconomic status is decided on the basis of ration card. A total 1520 school children aged 6 to 14 years were randomly selected from the 5 different schools.Results: Significant difference between the height was found among the upper and lower socioeconomic groups children.Conclusions: Statistically significant difference is found between two socioeconomic groups in the age group of 6, 7, 10, and 14 years of male and 6, 8, 11, and 12 years in female between two socioeconomic groups.
Refractive errors in age group seven to fifteen years: North-east India scenario
Authors: Hazarika Himanto Nath , Bhuyan Dipak , Hazarika Suranjana Chaliha , Addya Sujit 
Published: May 2017

Background: The objectives of study were to find out the different types of refractive errors in children between seven to fifteen years age group and the cause of uncorrected defective vision.Methods: A prospective study was designed of two thousand children aged between seven to fifteen years, attending outpatient department. Study period was one year. Consent was obtained from their guardian. Inclusion criteria were children with refractive errors. Children presenting with organic defects of ocular structures, infections, corneal opacity, cataract, choroid and retinal disorders were excluded from study. Data were collected by history taking and comprehensive ocular examination, visual tests for both near and distant vision. Refractive error assessed by cycloplegic drug with one percent Homatropine eye drops, by streak retinoscopy. Objective refraction were carried out and documented. Subjective refraction was done after one week. Both BCVA and uncorrected refractive errors were ascertained and recorded.Results: Out of two thousand children examined, myopic = 34%, hypermetropic = 11%, and astigmatic = 55%. M: F = 900:1000. Study showed headache as the commonest symptom. 17% of the patients had positive family history. Correctable errors constitute 91% of the total cases.Conclusions: Myopic astigmatism was found to be the most frequent refractive error in children. Mass screening is required for early diagnosis of refractive error. Prescribing corrective glasses for children with refractive errors at an early age will prevent childhood morbidity.
Incidence of sinonasal anatomical variations associated with chronic sinusitis by CT scan in Karaikal, South India
Authors: Gouripur Kranti , M. Udaya Kumar , Janagond Anand B. , Elangovan S. , Srinivasa V. 
Published: May 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Variations in sinonasal anatomy of adults<strong> </strong>are common and vary among different populations. Their role in development of pathological conditions such as sinusitis, epistaxis, etc is debated. Having clear picture of sinonasal anatomy of a person is essential in avoidance of complications during surgery. This study was done<strong> </strong>to<strong> </strong>analyze<strong> </strong>sinonasal anatomy in adults from Karaikal region having chronic sinusitis by nasal endoscopy and CT scan imaging.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 50 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were studied by preoperative nasal endoscopy, CT scanning and endoscopy at the time of definitive surgery and variations recorded and analyzed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The incidence of the sinonasal anatomical variations in CT scan study were – discharge in the frontal sinus (100%), agger nasi cells (96%), deviated nasal septum (70%), anterior ethmoidal cells (86%), posterior ethmoidal cells (58%), sinus lateralis (52%), frontal cells (50%), discharge in sphenoid sinus (50%), pneumatised superior turbinate (46%), INSA (34%), prominent bulla ethmoidalis (30%), supra orbital cells (26%), pneumatised septum(16%), medialised uncinate process (16%), paradoxical middle turbinate (16%), Haller cells (14%), supreme turbinate (14%), pneumatised inferior turbinate (12%), frontal recess obliteration (12%), absent pneumatisation of frontal sinus (12%), pneumatised middle turbinate (10%), Onodi cells (6%), pneumatised uncinate process (2%), maxillary sinus septation (2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The high incidence of variations emphasises the need for proper preoperative assessment for safe and effective endoscopic sinus surgery. </p>
A retrospective study on the incidence of non-venereal genital dermatoses in patients attending STI clinic at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Priya Balakrishnan Thenmozhi , Muthupandian Vijayaanand , Alagar Krishnaveni , Kannan Rajkumar 
Published: May 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To study the clinical and epidemiological pattern of occurrence of non-venereal genital dermatoses among the patients attending STI clinic. Also an attempt was made to know the level of awareness among the patients studied and the level of psychological impact on the affected persons before they were diagnosed as anon venerealdermatoses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A study was conducted among 125 patients who attended the STI Clinic in a tertiary care center in a period of 6 months. Detailed history was taken along with complete physical examination and local examination.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 125 patients attended the STI Clinic. Among them 75 patients [40 males and 35 females] were diagnosed to have Non venereal genital dermatoses. A total of 14 different non venereal dermatoses were observed in our study The commonest age group affected were in the age group of 30-40 year. The most common non-venereal dermatoses in females in our study were Lichen sclerosuset atrophicus and in males were fixed drug eruptions Pearly penile papules. Mild anxiety and concern about the genital lesions were found in almost all the males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A prompt and correct diagnosis of non-venereal genital dermatoses needs a greater clinical acumen along with various investigative methods Patient must be treated as a whole rather than treating the disease alone. The complete successful outcome lies not only in treating the disease but also treating the patient as a whole allying his undue fears, stress and misconceptions. </p>
Universal approach to the description of working medium chambers for simulating hydraulic and pneumatic systems
Authors: Timofeyev Yu. M. , Khalatov E. M. 
Published: May 2017

The article is concerned with the consideration of methods of mathematical formulation of processes in interthrottle chambers and working medium reservoirs used to simulate the operation of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Consideration has been given to a general approach to the development of mathematical models of hydraulic and pneumatic systems; the stages of constructing models are also presented.
A generalized mathematical model of a heat-insulated chamber with variable volume is presented. The derivation of standard mathematical modules of the above chamber on the basis of the generalized model is given. The assumptions taken into consideration with the existing methods of describing the processes taking place in chambers and reservoirs of hydraulic and pneumatic systems are analyzed. The shortcomings of the existing methods are shown.
An approach to forming a mathematical formulation is proposed, which is universal in its nature and reflects the processes under consideration in full measure. The proposed description method is based on the laws of conservation of thermodynamics of a variable-mass body. A special record of thermal and caloric equations of the state model makes it universal and independent of the working medium type. When compiling the digital models of chambers, both equations of working medium state and tabulated reference data can be used.
Design diagrams and mathematical models of heat-insulated chambers with variable and constant volumes are presented as an example. A digital model is presented and the results of modeling the operation of hydraulic and pneumatic actuators performed with the use of the proposed method are given. The digital model is implemented in the training version of the Russian software package Simulation in technical devices.