bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of highly mesoporous wood-derived activated carbon fiber and the mechanism of its porosity development
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Wang Ximing , Zhang Minghui 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Wood-derived activated carbon fibers (WACF) with large mesopore volumes have been developed, which were prepared only by H3PO4 as the activator (WACF-P). By carefully controlling the H3PO4 concentration at the 10% level and activation temperature at 700°C, the contribution of mesopore to the total pore volume of WACF reached 87%, which is much higher than those obtained in previous studies on ACF. The porosity development mechanism of WACF-P was interpreted based on the data of pore characteristics, crystallite structure, surface elemental constituents, and surface functional groups. The activation effect of H3PO4 seems to be mainly relied on the enlargement of the existing defects in the fibers, which are developing to mesopores. Based on the large mesopore volume, the WACF-P have an excellent adsorption property for xylenol orange (XO). In general, the WACF-P are suitable for the adsorption of macromoleculses.
The small GTPases Ras and Rheb studied by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy: structure and function
Authors: Schöpel Miriam , Potheraveedu Veena Nambiar , Al-Harthy Thuraya , Abdel-Jalil Raid , Heumann Rolf , Stoll Raphael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Ras GTPases are key players in cellular signalling because they act as binary switches. These states manifest through toggling between an active (GTP-loaded) and an inactive (GDP-loaded) form. The hydrolysis and replenishing of GTP is controlled by two additional protein classes: GAP (GTPase-activating)- and GEF (Guanine nucleotide exchange factors)-proteins. The complex interplay of the proteins is known as the GTPase-cycle. Several point mutations of the Ras protein deregulate this cycle. Mutations in Ras are associated with up to one-third of human cancers. The three isoforms of Ras (H, N, K) exhibit high sequence similarity and mainly differ in a region called HVR (hypervariable region). The HVR governs the differential action and cellular distribution of the three isoforms. Rheb is a Ras-like GTPase that is conserved from yeast to mammals. Rheb is mainly involved in activation of cell growth through stimulation of mTORC1 activity. In this review, we summarise multidimensional NMR studies on Rheb and Ras carried out to characterise their structure-function relationship and explain how the activity of these small GTPases can be modulated by low molecular weight compounds. These might help to design GTPase-selective antagonists for treatment of cancer and brain disease.
Application of Mathematical Models for Different Electroslag Remelting Processes
Authors: Jiang Zhou Hua , Yu Jia , Liu Fu Bin , Chen Xu , Geng Xin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe electroslag remelting (ESR) process has been effectively applied to produce high grade special steels and super alloys based on the controllable solidification and chemical refining process. Due to the difficulties of precise measurements in a high temperature environment and the excessive expenses, mathematical models have been more and more attractive in terms of investigating the transport phenomena in ESR process. In this paper, the numerical models for different ESR processes made by our lab in last decade have been introduced. The first topic deals with traditional ESR process predicting the relationship between operating parameters and metallurgical parameters of interest. The second topic is concerning the new ESR technology process including ESR with current-conductive mould (CCM), ESR hollow ingot technology, electroslag casting with liquid metal(ESC LM), and so on. Finally, the numerical simulation of solidification microstructure with multi-scale model is presented, which reveals the formation mechanism of microstructure.
Diastase Activity Retention and Physical Properties of Honey/Arabic Gum Mixtures After Spray Drying and Storage
Authors: Samborska Katarzyna , Wasilewska Aleksandra , Gondek Ewa , Jakubczyk Ewa , Kamińska-Dwórznicka Anna 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effect of heat treatment (75 °C) and spray drying with the addition of Arabic gum (inlet/outlet air temperature 180/75 °C), on the diastase activity of multifloral honey (MH) and rape honey (RH) was investigated. The physical properties of the powders (particle size and morphology, water content and activity, bulk loose and tapped density, angle of repose, hygroscopicity) directly after drying and after 12 weeks of storage were studied. During heat treatment, diastase activity decreased gradually, to decline below limit values after 180 min. Diastase activity in the powders was lower than in fresh honeys, but it was concluded that temperature was not the only factor affecting this decrease. Powders were characterized by low water content and medium flowability, which was improved after storage due to particle size increase. Diastase activity in powders was stable during storage.
Oxidation characteristics of heavy crude oil in ignition process
Authors: LIU Yi-fei , LIU Kai 
Published: February 2017

Abstract:The ignition process has a significant influence on the success of in-situ combustion at heavy oil reservoirs. During this process, oxidation reactions between crude oil and injected air mainly occurred. In this paper, a series of oxidation experiments were performed at different reaction temperatures and air-oil ratios to investigate the heavy oil oxidation characteristics at different stages of the ignition process. The results revealed that heat release and production of CO and CO
Vaginal examination vs. cervical length – which is superior in predicting preterm birth?
Authors: Sharvit Merav , Weiss Reut , Ganor Paz Yael , Tzadikevitch Geffen Keren , Danielli Miller Netanella , Biron-Shental Tal 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:To compare the predictive value of preterm birth (PTB) by transvaginal sonographic cervical length (CL) measurement to digital examination of the cervix (Bishop score – BS), in patients with premature contractions (PC) and intact membranes.Design:A retrospective case-control study.Setting:Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.Population:Women at 24–34 weeks of gestation who were hospitalized with PC and intact membranes.Methods:All patients underwent CL and BS measurements upon admission. Power analysis revealed that 375 patients were needed to show a significant difference between the two methods for predicting PTB. Each one served as her own control.Main outcome measures:PTB<37 and<34 weeks.Results:Receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC) and logistic regression analyses indicated a correlation between both shortened CL and increased BS to PTB (P<0.001). Neither test offered an advantage in predicting PTB. Areas under the curve for BS and CL ROC were similar for PTB before 37 weeks gestation (0.611 vs. 0.640, P=0.28). For nulliparous women, CL predicted PTB better that BS (0.642 vs. 0.724, P=0.03). For singleton and multiple pregnancy pregnancies, BS and CL did not differ significantly in predicting PTB (P=0.9, P=0.2, respectively). For nulliparous with multiple pregnancy, the BS and CL ROC curves differ nearly significantly (0.554 vs. 0.709, P=0.07), with better predictive ability for CL.Conclusions:CL and BS have similar value in predicting PTB in patients with PC. For nulliparous women, CL is superior over the BS.
Taxonomic status of Wiedomys marplatensis, an enigmatic fossil cricetid (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae): neither Wiedomys nor Wiedomyini
Authors: Pardiñas Ulyses F.J. , Barbière Franck 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The generic placement and tribal affiliation of Wiedomys marplatensis Quintana, 2002 are revised based on the study of its holotype and a single known remains from San Andrés Formation (Early Pleistocene; Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). The anatomical traits selected as indicators belonging to Wiedomys Hershkovitz, 1959 are interpreted here as general similarities. Wiedomys marplatensis is removed from Wiedomys and is considered as a junior synonym of Cholomys pearsoni Reig, 1980. The affiliation of the latter to Wiedomyini is discussed and the alternative hypothesis to allocate Cholomys Reig, 1980 in Oryzomyini is advanced. Although further research and more fossils are necessary to solve this issue, the placement of Cholomys as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis and the avoidance of using it as a point of calibration in molecular phylogenies are suggested.
The Music Repertoire of the Society of Jesus in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1565–1773)
Authors: Jeż Tomasz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the research project coordinated by the University of Warsaw and financed by the Minister of Science and Higher Education as part of the “Tradition 1a” module of the National Programme for the Development of Humanities. The main task of this research project is the documentation of the Jesuit music repertory produced and disseminated on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The results of the project work will be published in a new editorial series, which will include catalogues of sources and music iconography, monographs, databases and critical editions of music-related sources of Jesuit provenience. The publications will appear in print and on-line.
The expected research results will serve not only musicologists, but also representatives of other fields of humanities. The work of the international research team is hoped to restore to the national heritage the forgotten monuments of Jesuit musical culture and should lead to a reliable assessment of their historical value.
The results of the research of the international team of scientists will influence the present-day sense of identity of the countries which in the past jointly formed the literary culture our Commonwealth.
Rock and Roll Styles and Genres in Poland (1957–1973)
Authors: Gradowski Mariusz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper describes the process of establishing rock and roll styles and genres (as defined by Allan F. Moore) in Polish musical culture. My Ph.D. research has revealed three phases in this process. Phase 1: imitation (1957-1962), phase 2: Polonisation (1962-1967) and phase 3: artistic re-interpretation (1967-1973). I present the detailed characteristics of each phase (i.e. their socio-political context, the phenomenon of cover versions, the fusion of rock and roll with local folk music, the development of original artistic language) as well as providing musical examples (mostly from Czesław Niemen’s recordings, which remain one of the most interesting examples of Polish popular music).
National Dances in the Canon of Polish Culture
Authors: Nowak Tomasz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The following dances are most commonly considered nowadays as national dances (or emblems of Polish national culture): the polonaise, the mazur, the krakowiak, the oberek and the kujawiak. These dances form the cultural canon as defined by Andrzej Szpociński (i.e. a constantly revised part of tradition which carries significance outside the domain of dance and is obligatory for all the community members). In Polish musicological studies it has been emphasised that the phenomenon of stereotypisation of native folklore has played a major role in the formation and emergence of emblematic national phenomena. However, some of the phenomena and processes that have taken place during the formation and revision of the national canon cannot be reduced to the idea of creating a stereotype. The author of this paper draws on Maria Janion’s treatment of the categories of myth and phantasm, which can be much more useful for the interpretation especially of borderline or clearly alien phenomena that have frequently found their way into the Polish national dance canon and played a very important role in that canon. The author also discusses the changing functions of dances from the canon, which resulted from external circumstances determined by political events and social processes.
Research on 18th Century Music in Poland. An Introduction
Authors: Paczkowski Szymon 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Research on 18th-century music has been one of the key areas of interest for musicologists ever since the beginnings of musicological studies in Poland. It initially developed along two distinct lines: general music history (with publications mostly in foreign languages) and local history (mostly in Polish). In the last three decades the dominant tendency among Polish researchers has been, however, to relate problems of 18th-century Polish musical culture to the political history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and more generally – to the political history of Central Europe at large. The most important subjects taken up in research on 18th-century music include: the musical cultures of the royal court in 18th-century Warsaw (primarily in the works of Alina Żórawska-Witkowska) as well as Polish aristocratic residences (e.g. studies by Szymon Paczkowski and Irena Bieńkowska), the ecclesiastical and monastic circles (publications by Alina Mądry, Paweł Podejko, Remigiusz Pośpiech and Tomasz Jeż); problems of musical style (texts by Szymon Paczkowski); research on sources containing music by European composers (e.g. by Johann Adolf Hasse); the musical culture of cities (of Gdańsk, first and foremost); studies concerning the transfer of music and music-related materials, the musical centres and peripheries, etc.
Experimental and theoretical studies on extraction of actinides and lanthanides by alicyclic H-phosphonates
Authors: Annam Suresh , Gopakumar Gopinadhanpillai , Brahmmananda Rao C.V.S. , Sivaraman N. , Sivaramakrishna Akella , Vijayakrishna Kari 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Three different alicyclic substituents H-phosphonates, namely, dicyclopentyl H-phosphonate, dicyclohexyl H-phosphonate and dimenthyl H-phosphonate were synthesized and used for liquid–liquid extraction of actinide elements (U, Am and Th) and lanthanide (Gd) in n-dodecane from nitric acid medium. The physicochemical properties of the extractants, such as density, viscosity, solubility were determined. At lower acidities, these H-phosphonates exhibit higher distribution values and the extraction following cation exchange mechanism through P–OH group of tri-coordinated phosphite form. At higher acidities (2N), the extraction is primarily via solvation mechanism through P=O group of penta-coordinated phosphonate form. Amongst the three H-phosphonates, examined dimenthyl H-phosphonate showed the best results for the actinide extraction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to understand the electronic structure of the ligands and the metal complexes. The calculated large complexation energy of UO2(NO3)2·2DMnHP is in agreement with the observed trend in experimental distribution ratio data.
Discrete simulation of granular and particle-fluid flows: from fundamental study to engineering application
Authors: Ge Wei , Wang Limin , Xu Ji , Chen Feiguo , Zhou Guangzheng , Lu Liqiang , Chang Qi , Li Jinghai 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMultiphase chemical reactors with characteristic multiscale structures are intrinsically discrete at the elemental scale. However, due to the lack of multiscale models and the limitation of computational capability, such reactors are traditionally treated as continua through straightforward averaging in engineering simulations or as completely discrete systems in theoretical studies. The continuum approach is advantageous in terms of the scale and speed of computation but does not always give good predictions, which is, in many cases, the strength of the discrete approach. On the other hand, however, the discrete approach is too computationally expensive for engineering applications. Developments in computing science and technologies and encouraging progress in multiscale modeling have enabled discrete simulations to be extended to engineering systems and represent a promising approach to virtual process engineering (VPE, or virtual reality in process engineering). In this review, we analyze this emerging trend and emphasize that multiscale discrete simulations (MSDS), that is, considering multiscale structures in discrete simulation through rational coarse-graining and coupling between discrete and continuum methods with the effect of mesoscale structures accounted in both cases, is an effective way forward, which can be complementary to the continuum approach that is being improved by multiscale modeling also. For this purpose, our review is not meant to be a complete summary to the literature on discrete simulation, but rather a demonstration of its feasibility for engineering applications. We therefore discuss the enabling methods and technologies for MSDS, taking granular and particle-fluid flows as typical examples in chemical engineering. We cover the spectrum of modeling, numerical methods, algorithms, software implementation and even hardware-software codesign. The structural consistency among these aspects is shown to be the pivot for the success of MSDS. We conclude that with these developments, MSDS could soon become, among others, a mainstream simulation approach in chemical engineering which enables VPE.
Defensive reflexes in people with pain – a biomarker of the need to protect? A meta-analytical systematic review
Authors: Wallwork Sarah B. , Grabherr Luzia , O’Connell Neil E. , Catley Mark J. , Moseley G. Lorimer 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Upregulation of defensive reflexes such as the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) has been attributed to sensitisation of peripheral and spinal nociceptors and is often considered biomarkers of pain. Experimental modulation of defensive reflexes raises the possibility that they might be better conceptualised as markers of descending cognitive control. Despite strongly held views on both sides and several narrative reviews, there has been no attempt to evaluate the evidence in a systematic manner. We undertook a meta-analytical systematic review of the extant English-language literature from inception. Thirty-six studies satisfied our a priori criteria. Seventeen were included in the meta-analysis. Reflexive threshold was lower in people with clinical pain than it was in pain-free controls, but reflex size, latency, and duration were unaffected. The pattern of difference was not consistent with sensitisation of nociceptive neurones, as these changes were not isolated to the affected body part but was more consistent with top-down cognitive control reflective of heightened protection of body tissue. The pattern of modulation is dependent on potentially complex evaluative mechanisms. We offer recommendations for future investigations and suggest that defensive reflex threshold may reflect a biomarker of a broader psychological construct related to bodily protection, rather than sensitisation of primary nociceptors, spinal nociceptors, or pain.
Binary Markov Random Fields and interpretable mass spectra discrimination
Authors: Kong Ao , Azencott Robert 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
For mass spectra acquired from cancer patients by MALDI or SELDI techniques, automated discrimination between cancer types or stages has often been implemented by machine learning algorithms. Nevertheless, these techniques typically lack interpretability in terms of biomarkers. In this paper, we propose a new mass spectra discrimination algorithm by parameterized Markov Random Fields to automatically generate interpretable classifiers with small groups of scored biomarkers. A dataset of 238 MALDI colorectal mass spectra and two datasets of 216 and 253 SELDI ovarian mass spectra respectively were used to test our approach. The results show that our approach reaches accuracies of 81% to 100% to discriminate between patients from different colorectal and ovarian cancer stages, and performs as well or better than previous studies on similar datasets. Moreover, our approach enables efficient planar-displays to visualize mass spectra discrimination and has good asymptotic performance for large datasets. Thus, our classifiers should facilitate the choice and planning of further experiments for biological interpretation of cancer discriminating signatures. In our experiments, the number of mass spectra for each colorectal cancer stage is roughly half of that for each ovarian cancer stage, so that we reach lower discrimination accuracy for colorectal cancer than for ovarian cancer.
How Charitable Is the Charitable Contribution Deduction?
Authors: Margalioth Yoram 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSection 170 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code is known as the “charitable contribution deduction.” This Article explores the section’s rationale as well as its effect on income/wealth distribution. It reaches the conclusion that the deduction can be justified on efficiency (mitigating the free-riding on public goods and asymmetric information problems) and democracy grounds, but is not “charitable,” as its distributive effects are neutral or even regressive.
Competence, Desert and Trust — Why are Women Penalized in Online Product Market Interactions?
Authors: Kricheli-Katz Tamar , Regev Tali 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhy do women sellers in product markets receive lower prices than men sellers when selling the same identical products? This Article investigates the effects of cultural beliefs about competence, desert and trust on market interactions with women and men sellers. We use an experimental approach to show that the prices people are willing to pay for the exact same product (a $100 Amazon gift card) are affected by cultural beliefs about gender; when a woman sells a gift card, she is likely to receive five percent less for it, compared to when a man does. Our analysis further suggests that it is beliefs about women’s relative competence and moral entitlement that drive the gender price gap in product markets. When the participants in the experiment were presented with information that suggested that the woman seller was a competent or entitled seller, no gender price differences were found between such women sellers and their equally qualified male counterparts. Nonetheless, information about the trustworthiness of sellers did not decrease the gap between women and men sellers. This suggests that price gaps between women and men in product markets are not generated by beliefs about the trustworthiness of women and men.
The New Inequality of Old Age: Implications for Law
Authors: Alstott Anne L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInequality isn’t just for the young anymore. People over age sixty-five face large and growing inequalities in health, wealth, work, and family. The widening gap between better- and worse-off older Americans has begun to undermine legal institutions that once worked to correct inequality, including Social Security, Medicare, private pensions, and family law. In this Article, I briefly document the inequalities that have transformed old age in the last fifty years (or so) and then analyze three common justifications for reform: budget solvency, inequality, and progressivity. I show that each of these falls short of the kind of principled justification that will be needed to justify cutting benefits, raising taxes, or both.