bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitizing Capacities and Cross-Reactivity Patterns of Some Diisocyanates and Amines Using the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test. Can p-phenylenediamine be Used as a Marker for Diisocyanate Contact Allergy?
Authors: Hamada Haneen , Zimerson Erik , Bruze Magnus , Isaksson Marléne , Engfeldt Malin 
Published: November 2017

Background:Isocyanates are mainly considered respiratory allergens but can also cause contact allergy. Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-MDA) has been considered a marker for diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) contact allergy. Furthermore, overrepresentation of positive patch-test reactions top-phenylenediamine (PPD) in 4,4′-MDA positive patients have been reported.Objectives:To investigate the sensitizing capacities of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and PPD and the cross-reactivity of 4,4′-MDA, 2,4-TDI, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-DMDA), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-DMDI), 4,4′-MDI and PPD.Methods:The Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) was used.Results:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to PPD showed cross-reactivity to 4,4′-MDA (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to 4,4′-MDA did not show cross-reactivity to PPD. 8 animals sensitized to 2,4-TDI were sacrificed due to toxic reactions at the induction site and could thus not be fully evaluated.Conclusion:PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer. However, it cannot be used as a marker for isocyanate contact allergy. On the other hand, positive reactions to 4,4′-MDA could indicate a PPD allergy. The intradermal induction concentration of 2,4-TDI (0.70% w/v) can induce strong local toxic reactions in guinea-pigs and should be lowered.
Inter-relação entre Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans e os tratamentos endodônticos
Authors: Sousa Monica Naufel de , Macedo Alessandra Teixeira de , Santos Julliana Ribeiro Alves dos 
Published: November 2017

Os insucessos dos tratamentos endodônticos estão associados, em parte, à presença de uma microbiota resistente, sendo a bactéria mais recorrente, o Enterococcus faecalis, e Candida albicans o principal fungo isolado dos canais radiculares. Nesta revisão, foram coletados dados sobre insucessos no tratamento endodôntico, em face da resistência da E. faecalis, C. albicans, biofilme, no período de Junho de 2016 a Fevereiro de 2017, com uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analítica de artigos científicos, em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados: Scielo e PUBMED. A anatomia interna dos dentes com seus sistemas de canais radiculares e a presença dos canalículos nas suas paredes, conjugados à formação do biofilme, aumentam os mecanismos de virulência dos microrganismos, dificultando a ação tanto do sistema imunológico, como das substâncias antimicrobianas, contribuindo para o fracasso nos tratamentos endodônticos, haja vista a dificuldade de alcançar a sanificação dos canais radiculares. Essa revisão de literatura tem o escopo de traçar a inter-relação entre o insucesso endodôntico e a presença do Enterococcus faecalis e Candida albicans, por terem mecanismos resistentes ao tratamento endodôntico. Palavras-chaves: Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, biofilme, insucessos endodônticos.
Three Super-Earths Transiting the Nearby Star GJ 9827
Authors: Niraula Prajwal , Redfield Seth , Dai Fei , Barragán Oscar , Gandolfi Davide , Cauley P. Wilson , Hirano Teruyuki , Korth Judith , Smith Alexis M. S. , Prieto-Arranz Jorge , Grziwa Sascha , Fridlund Malcolm , Persson Carina M. , Justesen Anders Bo , Winn Joshua N. , Albrecht Simon , Cochran William D. , Csizmadia Szilard , Duvvuri Girish M. , Endl Michael , Hatzes Artie P. , Livingston John H. , Narita Norio , Nespral David , Nowak Grzegorz , Pätzold Martin , Palle Enric , Van Eylen Vincent 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report on the discovery of three transiting planets around GJ 9827. The planets have radii of 1.75 ± 0.18, 1.36 ± 0.14, and

R
⊕, and periods of 1.20896, 3.6480, and 6.2014 days, respectively. The detection was made in Campaign 12 observations as part of our K2 survey of nearby stars. GJ 9827 is a V = 10.39 mag K6V star at a distance of 30.3 ± 1.6 parsecs and the nearest star to be found hosting planets by Kepler and K2. The radial velocity follow-up, high-resolution imaging, and detection of multiple transiting objects near commensurability drastically reduce the false positive probability. The orbital periods of GJ 9827 b, c, and d planets are very close to the 1:3:5 mean motion resonance. Our preliminary analysis shows that GJ 9827 planets are excellent candidates for atmospheric observations. Besides, the planetary radii span both sides of the rocky and gaseous divide, hence the system will be an asset in expanding our understanding of the threshold.
Numerical Simulations of a Jet–Cloud Collision and Starburst: Application to Minkowski’s Object
Authors: Fragile P. Chris , Anninos Peter , Croft Steve , Lacy Mark , Witry Jason W. L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present results of three-dimensional, multi-physics simulations of an AGN jet colliding with an intergalactic cloud. The purpose of these simulations is to assess the degree of “positive feedback,” i.e., jet-induced star formation, that results. We have specifically tailored our simulation parameters to facilitate a comparison with recent observations of Minkowski’s Object (MO), a stellar nursery located at the termination point of a radio jet coming from galaxy NGC 541. As shown in our simulations, such a collision triggers shocks, which propagate around and through the cloud. These shocks condense the gas and under the right circumstances may trigger cooling instabilities, creating runaway increases in density, to the point that individual clumps can become Jeans unstable. Our simulations provide information about the expected star formation rate, total mass converted to H i, H2, and stars, and the relative velocity of the stars and gas. Our results confirm the possibility of jet-induced star formation, and agree well with the observations of MO.
Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS): The Organic Composition Diversity at 300–1000 au Scale in Solar-type Star-forming Regions*
Authors: Ceccarelli C. , Caselli P. , Fontani F. , Neri R. , López-Sepulcre A. , Codella C. , Feng S. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Lefloch B. , Pineda J. E. , Vastel C. , Alves F. , Bachiller R. , Balucani N. , Bianchi E. , Bizzocchi L. , Bottinelli S. , Caux E. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Choudhury R. , Coutens A. , Dulieu F. , Favre C. , Hily-Blant P. , Holdship J. , Kahane C. , Al-Edhari A. Jaber , Laas J. , Ospina J. , Oya Y. , Podio L. , Pon A. , Punanova A. , Quenard D. , Rimola A. , Sakai N. , Sims I. R. , Spezzano S. , Taquet V. , Testi L. , Theulé P. , Ugliengo P. , Vasyunin A. I. , Viti S. , Wiesenfeld L. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Complex organic molecules have been observed for decades in the interstellar medium. Some of them might be considered as small bricks of the macromolecules at the base of terrestrial life. It is hence particularly important to understand organic chemistry in Solar-like star-forming regions. In this article, we present a new observational project: Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS). This is a Large Project using the IRAM-NOEMA interferometer, and its scope is to image the emission of several crucial organic molecules in a sample of Solar-like star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages and environments. Here we report the first SOLIS results, obtained from analyzing the spectra of different regions of the Class 0 source NGC 1333-IRAS4A, the protocluster OMC-2 FIR4, and the shock site L1157-B1. The different regions were identified based on the images of formamide (NH2CHO) and cyanodiacetylene (HC5N) lines. We discuss the observed large diversity in the molecular and organic content, both on large (3000–10,000 au) and relatively small (300–1000 au) scales. Finally, we derive upper limits to the methoxy fractional abundance in the three observed regions of the same order of magnitude of that measured in a few cold prestellar objects, namely

–10−11 with respect to H2 molecules.
Energetic Processing of N2:CH4 Ices Employing X-Rays and Swift Ions: Implications for Icy Bodies in the Outer Solar System
Authors: Vasconcelos Fredson de A. , Pilling Sergio , Rocha Will R. M. , Rothard Hermann , Boduch Philippe 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We experimentally address in this paper the physicochemical effects induced by ionizing photons (energies from 6 to 2000 eV) and swift heavy ions (15.7 MeV 16O5+) in the icy mixture containing N2:CH4 (19:1) at 12 K and 19 K, respectively. The experiments simulate the effect of solar photons and X-rays, cosmic rays, and solar energetic particles (medium-mass ions) on the surface of icy bodies in the outer solar system, such as Triton, Titan, Pluto, and several other Kuiper Belt objects. The ice samples were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at different fluences. From the energetic processing, the production of new molecules was observed. Among them, HCN, C2H4, C2H6, and N3 have the highest production yield. Molecular half-lives of the species of interest were calculated and extrapolated to the astrophysical environment. The effective destruction yield (in molecules/impact) of the parental species processed by the swift ions is up to six orders of magnitude higher than the value determined by employing X-rays. However, due to the differences between the fluxes of both ionizing radiation types in space, the half-lives of nitrogen and methane in the astrophysical scenarios addressed may have a huge variation. Photons dominate the chemical transformations at shorter distances from the Sun. Our results are a step toward a compilation of photochemical and radiolysis data that should allow the modeling of the abundance of astrophysical ices over long periods of time.
On Nulling, Drifting, and Their Interactions in PSRs J1741–0840 and J1840–0840
Authors: Gajjar V. , Yuan J. P. , Yuen R. , Wen Z. G. , Liu Z. Y. , Wang N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report detailed investigation of nulling and drifting behavior of two pulsars PSRs J1741−0840 and J1840−0840 observed from the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at 625 MHz. PSR J1741−0840 was found to show a nulling fraction (NF) of around 30% ± 5% while PSR J1840−0840 was shown to have an NF of around 50% ± 6%. We measured drifting behavior from different profile components in PSR J1840−0840 for the first time with the leading component showing drifting with 13.5 ± 0.7 periods while the weak trailing component showed drifting of around 18 ± 1 periods. Large nulling hampers accuracy of these quantities derived using standard Fourier techniques. A more accurate comparison was drawn from driftband slopes, measured after sub-pulse modeling. These measurements revealed interesting sporadic and irregular drifting behavior in both pulsars. We conclude that the previously reported different drifting periodicities in the trailing component of PSR J1741−0840 is likely due to the spread in these driftband slopes. We also find that both components of PSR J1840−0840 show similar driftband slopes within the uncertainties. Unique nulling–drifting interaction is identified in PSR J1840−0840 where, on most occasions, the pulsar tends to start nulling after what appears to be the end of a driftband. Similarly, when the pulsar switches back to an emission phase, on most occasions it starts at the beginning of a new driftband in both components. Such behaviors have not been detected in any other pulsars to our knowledge. We also found that PSR J1741−0840 seems to have no memory of its previous burst phase while PSR J1840−0840 clearly exhibits memory of its previous state even after longer nulls for both components. We discuss possible explanations for these intriguing nulling–drifting interactions seen in both pulsars based on various pulsar nulling models.
Geochemical Constraints on the Size of the Moon‐Forming Giant Impact
Authors: Piet Hélène , Badro James , Gillet Philippe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent models involving the Moon‐forming giant impact hypothesis have managed to reproduce the striking isotopic similarity between the two bodies, albeit using two extreme models: one involves a high‐energy small impactor that makes the Moon out of Earth's proto‐mantle; the other supposes a gigantic collision between two half‐Earths creating the Earth‐Moon system from both bodies. Here we modeled the geochemical influence of the giant impact on Earth's mantle and found that impactors larger than 15% of Earth mass result in mantles always violating the present‐day concentrations of four refractory moderately siderophile trace elements (Ni, Co, Cr, and V). In the aftermath of the impact, our models cannot further discriminate between a fully and a partially molten bulk silicate Earth. Then, the preservation of primordial geochemical reservoirs predating the Moon remains the sole argument against a fully molten mantle after the Moon‐forming impact.
Earth System Modeling 2.0: A Blueprint for Models That Learn From Observations and Targeted High‐Resolution Simulations
Authors: Schneider Tapio , Lan Shiwei , Stuart Andrew , Teixeira João 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClimate projections continue to be marred by large uncertainties, which originate in processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But rapid progress is now within reach. New computational tools and methods from data assimilation and machine learning make it possible to integrate global observations and local high‐resolution simulations in an Earth system model (ESM) that systematically learns from both and quantifies uncertainties. Here we propose a blueprint for such an ESM. We outline how parameterization schemes can learn from global observations and targeted high‐resolution simulations, for example, of clouds and convection, through matching low‐order statistics between ESMs, observations, and high‐resolution simulations. We illustrate learning algorithms for ESMs with a simple dynamical system that shares characteristics of the climate system; and we discuss the opportunities the proposed framework presents and the challenges that remain to realize it.
Catchment Morphing (CM): A Novel Approach for Runoff Modeling in Ungauged Catchments
Authors: Zhang Jun , Han Dawei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRunoff prediction in ungauged catchments has been one of the major challenges in the past decades. However, due to the tremendous heterogeneity of the catchments, obstacles exist in deducing model parameters for ungauged catchments from gauged ones. We propose a novel approach to predict ungauged runoff with Catchment Morphing (CM) using a fully distributed model. CM is defined as by changing the catchment characteristics (area and slope here) from the baseline model built with a gauged catchment to model the ungauged ones. As a proof of concept, a case study on seven catchments in the UK has been used to demonstrate the proposed scheme. Comparing the predicted with measured runoff, the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) varies from 0.03 to 0.69 in six catchments. Moreover, NSEs are significantly improved (up to 0.81) when considering the discrepancy of percentage runoff between the target and baseline catchments. A distinct advantage has been experienced by comparing the CM with a traditional method for ungauged catchments. The advantages are: (a) less demand of the similarity between the baseline catchment and the ungauged catchment, (b) less demand of available data, and (c) potentially widely applicable in varied catchments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed scheme as a potentially powerful alternative to the conventional methods in runoff predictions of ungauged catchments. Clearly, more work beyond this pilot study is needed to explore and develop this new approach further to maturity by the hydrological community.
The use of needle holders in CTF guided biopsies as a dose reduction tool
Authors: Sarmento Sandra , Pereira Joana S. , Sousa Maria José , Cunha Luís T. , Dias Anabela G. , Pereira Miguel F. , Oliveira Augusto D. , Cardoso João V. , Santos Luís M. , Santos João A.M. , Alves João G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of needle holders in reducing staff hand exposure during biopsies guided by computed tomography fluoroscopy (CTF), through the analysis of data acquired during a detailed monitoring study, undertaken in parallel with an ongoing optimization process to reduce hand irradiation.MethodsHand monitoring was performed with 11 extremity detectors, two per finger (base and tip) and one on the back of the wrist, for the left (dominant) hand, during two series of biopsies with comparable characteristics. The first series (47 biopsies) were performed with only quick‐check method (QC) and occasional side‐handle (SH) manipulation of the needle. The second series (63 biopsies) were performed after introducing needle holders (NH) in the course of an optimization process.ResultsChoice of technique (QC, QC + NH, QC + SH) by the interventional radiologist (IR) was related to biopsy difficulty. Measured hand exposure was low (< 1 mSv) for all QC‐only procedures, and for most of the QC + NH procedures. Occasional side‐handle manipulation still occurred during challenging biopsies, so that 8% of biopsies in the second series accounted for ~70% of total fingertip dose (~90 mSv). The methodology used allowed a detailed insight into the dose reduction achievable with needle holders during real procedures, without the limitations of phantom measurements.ConclusionsNeedle holders proved effective in reducing mean hand exposure during clinical procedures where real‐time manipulation was necessary. Occasional side‐handle manipulation was found to contribute disproportionately to hand exposure. This highlights the importance of individual hand monitoring during CTF guided procedures.
Room‐Temperature Solid‐State Grown WO3−δ Film on Plastic Substrate for Extremely Sensitive Flexible NO2 Gas Sensors
Authors: Annapureddy Venkateswarlu , Kim Yonghun , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Jang Ho Won , Kim Sung‐Dae , Choi Jong‐Jin , Cho Byungjin , Ryu Jungho 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDue to the increased world‐wide threat to health from air pollution, as well as the need for personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring of exhaled breath, flexible gas sensor nodes have become an emerging area of critical importance for wearable electronics applicable. In this study, WO3−δ films are prepared on flexible substrates at room temperature using a single‐step, solid‐state deposition, granule spray in vacuum (GSV) process. The GSV‐WO3−δ films are successfully utilized to fabricate an ultrasensitive flexible gas sensor. The performance of the sensor can be enhanced by its increased surface area and large number of defect sites on the surface utilizing high‐impulse hollow sphere granules. The gas sensor is extremely responsive and selective to low concentration of NO2. The gas‐sensing responses are linear for the concentrations ranging from sub‐ppm to tens of ppm with detection limit of 1.88 (±0.128) for NO2. The response time is on the order of few seconds for gas detection (17 s) and recovery (25 s). Beyond this sensing performance, the GSV‐WO3−δ film is highly advantageous in terms of production cost and time for the realization of mass production of flexible sensing devices, compared to conventional gas sensors that require high‐cost and time‐consuming processes.
Weight Change During the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Period and Risk of Subsequent Mortality in Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Matched Comparators
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Chang Shun‐Chiao , Nguyen Uyen‐Sa , Barbhaiya Medha , Tedeschi Sara K. , Lu Bing , Kreps David J. , Costenbader Karen H. , Zhang Yuqing , Choi Hyon K. , Karlson Elizabeth W. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether weight change during the early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) period is associated with subsequent mortality and to evaluate whether there is an RA‐specific effect.MethodsWe identified patients with incident RA during the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1976–2016) and created a comparison cohort by matching each RA patient with up to 10 non‐RA comparators by age and calendar year of the RA diagnosis (index date). To capture weight change around the early RA period (“peri‐RA/index”), we used weight measurements collected 2–4 years before and 2–4 years after the index date. We used Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality according to peri‐RA/index weight change categories, separately in each cohort and in the combined cohorts, evaluating for an RA‐specific effect.ResultsAmong 121,701 women in the NHS, 902 patients with incident RA were identified and matched to 7,884 non‐RA comparators. In the RA cohort, 371 deaths (41.1%) occurred during a mean follow‐up of 17.0 years after the early RA period, and 2,303 deaths (29.2%) occurred in the comparison cohort during a mean follow‐up of 18.4 years. Weight loss of >30 pounds during the peri‐RA period had a hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of 2.78 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.58–4.89) compared to stable weight; results in the comparison cohort were similar (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.61–2.88). A weight gain of >30 pounds had no association with mortality in patients with RA (HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.69–3.07) or comparators (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.89–1.59). For mortality, there was no statistically significant interaction between RA/comparator status and weight change category (P = 0.68).ConclusionSevere weight loss during the early RA period was associated with an increased subsequent mortality risk for women with and those without RA. These results extend prior observations by including non‐RA comparators and finding no protective association between weight gain and mortality, providing evidence against an RA‐specific obesity paradox for mortality.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of CO2 Absorption Using Nanofluids in a Hollow‐Fiber Membrane Contactor
Authors: Ansaripour Majid , Haghshenasfard Masoud , Moheb Ahmad 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo remove CO2 from N2/CO2 gas mixtures, α‐Al2O3/water and γ‐Al2O3/water nanofluids have been used in a dialysis nanoporous hollow‐fiber membrane contactor. The mass transfer coefficient, CO2 removal efficiency, and CO2 concentration profile were determined under different operating conditions. The results showed that the addition of α‐Al2O3 and γ‐Al2O3 nanoparticles to the solvent increased the mass transfer rate, and by raising the nanofluid concentration, the removal efficiency enhanced. The process was simulated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The good agreement between CFD predictions and experimental results indicates that the CFD is a reliable tool for optimization of the process.
Three‐Phase AC Filter Inductor Design for Three‐Phase PWM Inverter for Conversion Efficiency Improvement at Low Load
Authors: MATSUMORI HIROAKI , SHIMIZU TOSHIHISA , TAKANO KOUSHI , ISHII HITOSHI 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYThe inductor losses in a three‐phase ac filter inductor used in a three‐phase pulse‐width modulation (PWM) inverter are evaluated. First, a three‐phase inductor is designed to obtain the same value of inductance for each phase. Then, based on the design, a three‐phase inductor that uses two magnetic materials is proposed. The conversion efficiency of a 1 kVA three‐phase PWM inverter that uses the conventional and proposed ac filter inductors is simulated. Simulation results show that conversion efficiency improves. Finally, the conversion efficiency of an actual three‐phase 1 kVA PWM inverter that uses the conventional and proposed ac filter inductors is measured. In the experiment, the conversion efficiency obtained for the case of the proposed inductor improves by approximately 1% at low power load as compared to the conventional inductor. Furthermore, the calculated inductor losses are in good agreement with measured losses. Improvement in efficiency is verified trough simulations and experiments.