bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viruses on the menu: The appendicularianOikopleura dioicaefficiently removes viruses from seawater
Authors: Lawrence Janice , Töpper Joachim , Petelenz‐Kurdziel Elżbieta , Bratbak Gunnar , Larsen Aud , Thompson Eric , Troedsson Christofer , Ray Jessica Louise 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAppendicularians are planktonic marine tunicates with elaborate filter‐feeding houses that can efficiently trap particles as small as 0.2 μm. While marine viruses are seldom considered outside their role in disease transmission, we conducted a controlled laboratory experiment to determine if the appendicularianOikopleura dioicacan trap and ingest theEmiliania huxleyivirus (EhV; 160–180 nm diameter). Removal and retention of EhV during 2.5 h and overnight incubations at 15°C were measured using flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction specific for themcpgene of EhV. The fate of retained EhV was tested by quantifying EhV DNA in three biological compartments: house‐trapping, ingestion/digestion, and defecation. Clearance rates for EhV varied from approximately 2 mL ind−1d−1to 50 mL ind−1d−1, with highest rates for 4–5 d‐old animals. EhV particles were cleared byO. dioicaat rates similar to those reported for larger food particles, with mean clearance rates in the 2.5 h incubations ranging from approximately 2 mL ind−1d−1to 50 mL ind−1d−1. This demonstrates efficient virus removal byO. dioicaand a previously overlooked link between the microbial loop and the classical marine food web. EhV DNA was readily detectable above background levels inO. dioicahouses, gut contents, and faecal pellets, suggesting that appendicularian houses and faecal pellets may contribute to the dispersal of viruses. Furthermore, clearance of EhV and presumably other viruses byO. dioicamay be a significant sink for viruses and thus an important factor in regulating the population dynamics of viruses and their hosts.
Soil organic carbon variability in Australian temperate freshwater wetlands
Authors: Pearse Alex L. , Barton Jan L. , Lester Rebecca E. , Zawadzki Atun , Macreadie Peter I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGlobally, there is little information on freshwater (non‐tidal) wetland below ground soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, sequestration rates and, in particular, their within‐wetland variation. This basic information is critical for designing programs to sample SOC stocks and identifying areas that sequester large amounts of carbon so that they can be managed to prevent degradation and carbon loss. Here, focusing on temperate seasonally inundated freshwater wetlands in south‐eastern Australia, we compared SOC stocks and sequestration rates (via radiometric dating) among wetlands, within wetland locations (High water mark, Edge and Middle), and with adjacent terrestrial locations. SOC stocks varied most among wetlands but also varied inconsistently within wetlands. Wetland SOC stocks (20.4 ± 0.1 kg C m−2) were significantly greater than adjacent terrestrial locations (13.3 ± 0.1 kg C m−2). Wetland SOC sequestration rates were similar among all locations (i.e., within a wetland, ranging from 70 g C m−2 yr−1 to 87 g C m−2 yr−1). The relative lack of difference in SOC stocks among wetland locations allows for reduced within‐wetland sampling and subsequently greater replication at the wetland level, at least for temperate ephemeral freshwater wetlands, although these findings need to be confirmed over a range of wetland types. This study also produced the first estimates of temperate freshwater wetland SOC stocks and sequestration rates in Australia, and is among the first studies globally to demonstrate that seasonally inundated wetlands can sequester carbon at significant rates. It therefore provides important justification to support the protection and rehabilitation of temperate freshwater wetlands worldwide.
Swimming and rafting of E.coli microcolonies at air–liquid interfaces
Authors: Sinibaldi Giorgia , Iebba Valerio , Chinappi Mauro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of swimming microorganisms is strongly affected by solid‐liquid and air‐liquid interfaces. In this paper, we characterize the motion of both single bacteria and microcolonies at an air‐liquid interface. Both of them follow circular trajectories. Single bacteria preferentially show a counter‐clockwise motion, in agreement with previous experimental and theoretical findings. Instead, no preferential rotation direction is observed for microcolonies suggesting that their motion is due to a different physical mechanism. We propose a simple mechanical model where the microcolonies move like rafts constrained to the air‐liquid interface. Finally, we observed that the microcolony growth is due to the aggregation of colliding single‐swimmers, suggesting that the microcolony formation resembles a condensation process where the first nucleus originates by the collision between two single‐swimmers. Implications of microcolony splitting and aggregation on biofilm growth and dispersion at air‐liquid interface are discussed.
secA, secD, secF, yajC, and yidC contribute to the adhesion regulation of Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Guo Lina , Huang Lixing , Su Yongquan , Qin Yingxue , Zhao Lingmin , Yan Qingpi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVibrio alginolyticus caused great losses to aquaculture. Adhesion is an important virulence factor of V. alginolyticus. In this study, the relationship between V. alginolyticus adhesion and type II secretion system genes (secA, secD, secF, yajC, and yidC) was determined using gene silencing, qRT‐PCR and in vitro adhesion assay. The results showed that the expression of target genes and the bacterial adhesion exhibited significant decreases after transient gene silencing and stable gene silencing, which indicated that secA, secD, secF, yajC, and yidC played roles in the bacterial adhesion of V. alginolyticus. The expression of secA, secD, secF, yajC, and yidC were significantly influenced by temperature, salinity, pH and starvation. The results indicated that the expression of secA, secD, secF, yajC, and yidC were sensitive to different environmental factors, whereas environmental factors can affect V. alginolyticus adhesion via the expression of secA, secD, secF, yajC, and yidC.
Educational Needs and Considerations for a Visual Educational Tool to Discuss Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Udow Sean J. , Hobson Douglas E. , Kleiner Galit , Masellis Mario , Fox Susan H. , Lang Anthony E. , Marras Connie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn our clinical experience, people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) and their caregivers have difficulty understanding the complexities of the disease, which has a multitude of symptoms and involved therapies. We undertook a needs assessment to understand the need for, and to guide the development of, an educational tool.MethodsWe invited PwP, caregivers and health care providers (HCP) from across Canada to participate in an online survey to determine the need and desired content for such a tool.ResultsRespondents included 450 PwP, 335 caregivers, and 96 HCP from across Canada. 86.5% of HCP reported that it was “very important” for patients to understand issues in PD and 84.4% would use a visual aid to explain these issues. Results showed that 81.9–95.7% of caregivers and PwP were not “very satisfied” with the explanations of all domains in PD. Non‐motor symptoms and cognitive issues were highly ranked by all groups as difficult to understand or explain. Older PwP (those with PD for less than 5 years and those who reported that their HCP spent less than 15 minutes counselling in each clinic visit) were less likely to fully understand and be satisfied with the explanations of most issues in PD.InterpretationThere is a need for better patient education when discussing PD issues in the clinical setting. Older PwP that have been recently diagnosed have the greatest educational needs. Potential users indicate that a visual aid would help and non‐motor symptoms, particularly cognitive issues, need to be a focus of such a tool.
The fabrication of 3D surface scaffold of collagen/poly (L‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) with dynamic liquid system and its application in urinary incontinence treatment as a tissue engineered sub‐urethral sling: In vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Zhang Kaile , Cao Nailong , Guo Xuran , Zou Qingsong , Zhou Shukui , Yang Ranxing , Zhao Weixin , Mo Xiumei , Liu Wei , Fu Qiang 
Published: October 2017

AimsTo fabricate a novel nanoyarn biomaterial via a dynamic liquid electrospinning system, and to simultaneously evaluate whether nanoyarn is capable of being applied as a urinary sling for future clinical transfer.MethodsNanoyarn was cultured with adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). Cell morphology and function were observed on nanoyarn. Female rats that underwent vagina dilatation (VD) and bilateral ovarian resection (BOR) were used as the urinary incontinence model. After 2 weeks, the cells‐sling was fixed to the suburethra. A commercial sling that tension‐free vaginal tape‐obturator (TVT‐O) was used as a control. The urodynamic test for leak point pressure (LPP) and histological tests were used to evaluate the sling's performance in vivo.ResultsThe nanoyarn possessed beneficial properties and the actin filament from ADSCs, which is very similar to muscle. Rats that underwent VD and BOR maintained a low LPP, whereas the LPP in rats with VD alone recovered to normal levels within 2 weeks. LPP in the nanoyarn group gradually decreased on the three urodynamic tests post‐suburethral surgery, however, the cell‐laden nanoyarn maintained LPP at normal levels for 8 weeks; the TVT‐O group showed a significant increase in LPP at 8 weeks. Cell‐laden nanoyarn was infiltrated with more cells, collagen, and vessels than the controls.ConclusionsThe nanoyarn showed sufficient efficacy to maintain LPP in urinary incontinence rat model. In addition, it improved cell infiltration, collagen and muscle development compared to TVT‐O. Thus, the combination of ADSCs and a nanoyarn scaffold could be a promising tissue‐engineered sling for the treatment of urinary incontinence.
New mutations in the SLC7A7 gene of two chinese sisters with lysinuric protein intolerance
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Cao Ling 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is an inherited aminoaciduria with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.The first two cases of sisters being diagnosed with LPI in China is contained within this report. In our cases, there were two heterozygous mutations in the SLC7A7 gene of the two sisters: deletion of c.1387: del C and IVS4+1C>T. One patient was treated with inhaled rGM‐CSF for 1.5 years at 5 μg/kg two times a day. Her condition is improving with no side effects.
Electrochemical Investigation of Glucose Oxidation on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Using Voltammetric, Amperometric, and Digital Simulation Methods
Authors: Raziq Abdul , Tariq Muhammad , Hussian Riaz , Mehmood Muhammad Haris , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Hassan Ayaz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we report the use of glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical oxidation of glucose in basic medium. The effect of glucose concentration, scan rate, and point potential was studied. Heterogeneous electron transfer parameters such as standard electron transfer rate constant (k0), transfer coefficient (α), and E0 were calculated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), semi integration of cyclic voltammetry (SICV), semi differentiation of cyclic voltammetry (SDCV), and digital simulation techniques. Amperometric experiments were performed for determination of glucose concentration in basic media. These experiments show a broad linear concentration range, up to 11 mM with a sensitivity of 927.96 μAmM−1cm−2. The lower detection limit (LOD) and Lower Quantification limit (LOQ) were found to be 50 μM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Effect of interfering species such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and chloride ion on the electrocatalytic behavior of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was also studied.
Screening of Activation Tools to Design Sulfated Saccharides
Authors: Ledru Hélène , D'Attoma Joseph , Bostyn Stéphane , Routier Sylvain , Buron Frédéric , Lopin‐Bon Chrystel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractO‐Sulfonation of saccharides using thermal, microwave and flow chemistry activation modes is described. To this end, we studied the exhaustive monosulfation at position 4 and disulfation at positions 4,6 of several monosaccharides bearing a large variety of protecting groups. Additionally the regioselective 6‐O sulfonation of 4,6‐diol was explored. It is demonstrated that microwave and flow chemistry activation provide significant benefits compared to classical thermal O‐sulfonation, drastically reducing the reaction time and/or the amount of sulfating reagent. To prove the versatility of the strategy, one example of 6‐O‐sulfonation of a disaccharide is also reported.
Synthesis, X‐ray Structure, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties of Aza‐BODIPY‐Metal Dipyrrinyl Conjugates
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAza‐boron‐dipyromethene (aza‐BODIPY) derivative 4 (β‐Dipyrrinyl aza‐BODIPY) was prepared readily from β‐formyl aza‐BODIPY and used as a key synthon for the preparation of aza‐BODIPY‐metal dipyrrinyl conjugates. Three aza‐BODIPY‐metal dipyrrinyl conjugates (M=Re(I), Ni(II) and Zn(II)) were prepared by treating β‐dipyrrinyl aza‐BODIPY with appropriate metal salts at reflux temperature followed by column chromatographic purification. The aza‐BODIPY‐metal dipyrrinyl conjugates were freely soluble in common organic solvents and stable in solid and in solution states. The conjugates were characterized in detail by HR‐MS, 1D & 2D NMR, absorption, electrochemical and fluorescence techniques and the structure of the one of the conjugate was deduced by X‐ray crystallography. The X‐ray structure revealed that 1,3,5,7‐tetratolyl aza‐BODIPY and Re(I) dipyrrinyl moieties in aza‐BODIPY−Re(I) dipyrrinyl conjugate were perpendicular to each other with a dihedral angle of 89°. The absorption and electrochemical studies revealed that the aza‐BODIPY and dipyrrinyl moieties in conjugates interact weakly and retain their individual properties. The aza‐BODIPY‐metal dipyrrinyl conjugates were very weakly fluorescent.
Understanding the Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions of N‐Substituted N‐Allyl‐Furfurylamines: An MEDT Study
Authors: Hallooman Dhanashree , Cudian Davina , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Rhyman Lydia , Alswaidan Ibrahim A. , Elzagheid Mohamed I. , Domingo Luis R. , Ramasami Ponnadurai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe intramolecular Diels‐Alder (IMDA) reactions of N‐allyl‐furfurylamine (1a) and N‐trityl‐allyl‐furfurylamine (1b), were studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) using density functional theory method [B3LYP/6‐31G(d)]. In spite of the high activation enthalpies, the low unfavourable activation entropies associated to these intramolecular processes permit these IMDA reactions to take place. The IMDA reaction of 1a is thermodynamically unfavourable. The presence of the bulky −CPh3 group in the amine nitrogen atom that destabilises the extended conformation of 1b turns the process into an exergonic one. This behaviour does not only affect the thermochemistry of the reaction, but also the kinetic parameters, thus accelerating the reaction. Electron localisation function topological analysis of the C−C single bond formation along the IMDA reaction of 1a shows a bonding pattern similar to non‐polar intermolecular Diels‐Alder reactions. The present MEDT study explains the experimental results; although the steric buttress is able to change the direction of these reversible IMDA reactions, this change is only possible due to the aromatic nature of the furanyl diene system.
On‐Skin Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Self‐Powered Sensor with Ultrathin Thickness and High Stretchability
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Wu Yali , Shao Jiajia , Jiang Tao , Yu Aifang , Xu Liang , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractResearchers have devoted a lot of efforts on pursuing light weight and high flexibility for the wearable electronics, which also requires the related energy harvesting devices to have ultrathin thickness and high stretchability. Hence, an elastic triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is proposed that can serve as the second skin on human body. The total thickness of this TENG is about 102 µm and the device can work durably under a strain of 100%. The carbon grease is painted on the surface of elastomer film to work as stretchable electrode and thus the fine geometry control of the electrode can be achieved. This elastic TENG can even work on the human fingers without disturbing body movement. The open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current from the device with a contact area of 9 cm2 can reach 115 V and 3 µA, respectively. Two kinds of self‐powered sensor systems with optimized identification strategies are also designed to demonstrate the application possibility of this elastic TENG. The superior characteristics of ultrathin thickness, high stretchability, and fine geometry control of this TENG can promote many potential applications in the field of wearable self‐powered sensory system, electronics skin, artificial muscles, and soft robotics.
Grouping environmental factors influencing individual decision‐making behavior in software projects: A cluster analysis
Authors: Jia Jingdong , Mo Hanlin , Capretz Luiz Fernando , Chen Zupeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn individual's decision‐making behavior is heavily influenced by and adapted to external environmental factors. Given that software development is a human‐centered activity, individual decision‐making behavior may affect the software project quality. Although environmental factors affecting decision‐making behavior in software projects have been identified in prior literature, there is not yet an objective and a full taxonomy of these factors. Thus, it is not trivial to manage these complex and diverse factors. To address this deficiency, we first design a semantic similarity algorithm between words by utilizing the synonymy and hypernymy relationships in WordNet. Further, we propose a method to measure semantic similarity between phrases and apply it into k‐means clustering algorithm to group these factors. Subsequently, we obtain a taxonomy of the environmental factors affecting individual decision‐making behavior in software projects, which includes 11 broad categories, each containing 2 to 5 sub‐categories. The taxonomy presented herein is obtained by an objective method, and quite comprehensive, with appropriate references provided. The taxonomy holds significant value for researchers and practitioners; it can help them to better understand the major aspects of environmental factors, also to predict and guide the behavior of individuals during decision making towards a successful completion of software projects.
Effect of manipulating animal stocking rate on the carbon storage capacity in a degraded desert steppe
Authors: Wang Zhongwu , Han Guodong , Hao Xiying , Zhao Mengli , Ding Haijun , Li Zhiguo , Wang Jing , Hamilton Alistair , Liu Yongzhi , A Lata , Hexige Baoyin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractManaging the stocking rate is considered one of the most important practices influencing carbon storage on rangeland. The effects of four stocking rates consisting of a non‐grazed control (CK), light (0.15 sheep ha−1month−1), moderate (0.30 sheep ha−1month−1) and heavy (0.45 sheep ha−1month−1) were evaluated for impacts on carbon storage taking place on the Desert Steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Carbon storage was measure in aboveground vegetation, roots and soil in August of 2009, 2011 and 2013. Both aboveground biomass (AGB) and below‐ground biomass (BGB) increased significantly as stocking rate decreased. Stocking rate also had a significant effect on both the aboveground and below‐ground carbon storage in plant biomass, but had no effect on the soil carbon. Compared to the heavy stocking rate typically practiced by local herders, lower stocking rates increased the total above‐ and below‐ground biomass carbon storage by ≥ 7%. Over the 3 year study, compared to the moderate stocking rate, the rate of carbon sequestration with a light stocking rate was 0.7 Mg C ha−1year−1. Thus, reducing stocking rate has the potential to increase C sequestration and storage, as well as maintaining animal numbers at a more sustainable level suitable for the Desert Steppe ecosystem.
Facies Analysis of Pleistocene Limestones from Neil West Coast Formation, Neil Island, Ritchie’s Archipelago of South Andaman, India
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam , Ghosh Amit K. , Mazumder Abhijit 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Petrographic thin section analysis of the samples collected from the type section of Neil West Coast Formation, situated in the west coast of Neil Island yielded moderately preserved coralline red algae, benthic and planktic foraminifers, coral fragments, echinoid spines and gastropod shells. The coralline red algae are represented by both non-geniculate and geniculate forms. The non-geniculate forms belong to melobesids, lithophylloids and mastophoroides. The geniculate forms are represented by species of Amphiroa, Corallina, and Jania. However, the diversity and abundance of coralline algal forms are less in comparison to the benthic foraminifers those are represented by Amphistegina, Neorotalia, Ammonia, Elphidium, Operculina, Assilina, Amphisorus and texularids. Planktic foraminifers like Globigerinoides and other biogenic components viz., gastropod shells, echinoid spines and coral fragments are also common. A foraminiferal-algal grainstone facies has been recognized as observed in the field as well as in thin section analysis. The overall assemblage of the biogenic components and facies analysis indicate intertidal to near shore environment of deposition with high energy condition and increased hydrodynamic activity.
Hydrogeological Characterization of Aquifer in Palla Flood Plain of Delhi Using Integrated Approach
Authors: Kumar Suman , Sarkar Aditya , Thakur Sachin Kumar , Shekhar Shashank 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The Yamuna flood plains spread across the northern part of Indian subcontinent is home to millions of people. The ever-growing population in these plains make it difficult to sustain the demand of freshwater resources. However, the productive aquifers of flood plains could provide solution for these issues. In this context, it is necessary to understand the aquifer characteristics. Thus, the paper attempts to characterize the aquifer in Palla area of the flood plain using integrated approach. Besides, grain size analysis and site-litholog study, the nature of aquifer material was also ascertained from bulk mineralogy of the sediments using X-Ray Diffraction. The aquifer parameters were estimated with help of long duration pumping test data. Moreover, the effect of pumping on salinity variation and hydrochemical facies evolution was also examined. The sand dominant, unconfined aquifer was estimated to have horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the range of 25 m/day and vertical hydraulic conductivity of 6-7 m /day. While the specific yield of the aquifer was estimated in the range of 0.07-0.08 .It is observed that under conducive active flood plain environment, the given sand mineralogy at the site does not allow salinity increase in groundwater even after more than a decade of groundwater pumping. In fact, over years, hydrochemical facies have evolved towards Bicarbonate type. These things put together make the active flood plain aquifer a sustainable groundwater resource.