bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre-treatment and extraction conditions on the antioxidant properties of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves
Authors: Hossain Abul , Moon Hey Kyung , Kim Jong-Kuk 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPersimmon is a very delicious fruit and the leaves of this tree are used as a traditional drug. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drying method (hot air and freeze-drying), extraction temperature (80, 90 and 100 °C) and extraction time (10, 30, 60 and 120 min) and harvest stage (flowering and fruiting) on the antioxidant contents and antioxidant activity of persimmon leaves. The results showed that the highest antioxidants were obtained in both methods of drying. Also, 100 °C for 120 min of extraction gave the highest antioxidant contents, but with no significant difference compared to 90 °C for 60 min of extraction. Persimmon leaves collected during flowering stage had the maximum amount of antioxidants compared to the fruiting stage. Finally, it can be said that persimmon leaves harvested during flowering stage and treated by hot air drying with these extraction conditions (90 °C for 60 min) are richer in bioactive compounds.
An 𝐿_{𝑝}-theory for diffusion equations related to stochastic processes with non-stationary independent increment
Authors: Kim Ildoo , Kim Kyeong-Hun , Kim Panki 
Published: September 2017

Let

X
=
(

X
t

)

t
≥
0

X=(X_t)_{t \ge 0}

be a stochastic process which has a (not necessarily stationary) independent increment on a probability space

(
Ω
,

P

)

(\Omega , \mathbb {P})

. In this paper, we study the following Cauchy problem related to the stochastic process

X
X

:

(*)

∂
u

∂
t

(
t
,
x
)
=

A

(
t
)
u
(
t
,
x
)
+
f
(
t
,
x
)
,

u
(
0
,
⋅
)
=
0
,

(
t
,
x
)
∈
(
0
,
T
)
×

R

d

,

\begin{align} \tag {*}\frac {\partial u}{\partial t}(t,x) = \mathcal {A}(t)u(t,x) +f(t,x), \quad u(0,\cdot )=0, \quad (t,x) \in (0,T) \times \mathbf {R}^d, \end{align}

where

f
∈

L
p

(
(
0
,
T
)
;

L
p

(

R

d

)
)
=

L
p

(
(
0
,
T
)
;

L
p

)

f \in L_p( (0,T) ; L_p(\mathbf {R}^d))=L_p( (0,T) ; L_p)

and

A

(
t
)
u
(
t
,
x
)
=

lim

h
↓
0

E

[
u
(
t
,
x
+

X

t
+
h

−

X
t

)
−
u
(
t
,
x
)
]

h

.

\begin{align*} \mathcal {A}(t)u(t,x) = \lim _{h \downarrow 0}\frac {\mathbb {E}\left [u(t,x+X_{t+h}-X_t)-u(t,x)\right ]}{h}. \end{align*}

We provide a sufficient condition on

X
X

(see Assumptions 2.1 and 2.2) to guarantee the unique solvability of equation (*) in

L
p

(
[
0
,
T
]
;

H

p

ϕ

)

L_p( [0,T] ; H^\phi _{p})

, where

H

p

ϕ

H^\phi _{p}

is a

ϕ
\phi

-potential space on

R

d

\mathbf {R}^d

(see Definition 2.9). Furthermore we show that for this solution,

‖
u

‖

L
p

(
[
0
,
T
]
;

H

p

ϕ

)

≤
N
‖
f

‖

L
p

(
[
0
,
T
]
;

L
p

)

,

\begin{align*} \| u\|_{L_p( [0,T] ; H^\phi _{p})} \leq N \|f\|_{L_p\left ( [0,T] ; L_p\right )}, \end{align*}

where

N
N

is independent of

u
u

and

f
f

.
What Can We Learn about Smoking from 150 Years of Italian Data?
Authors: Ciccarelli Carlo , Pierani Pierpaolo , Tiezzi Silvia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper estimates dynamic demand models for tobacco consumption in Italy from 1871 to 2010. The empirical analysis is based on an entirely new dataset. Because the tobacco sector was mostly managed by the state, rich and detailed historical documentation is available. Price elasticities are estimated both for aggregate tobacco consumption and its four major components (cigars, cigarettes, cut tobacco, and snuff) for three separate sub‐periods: 1871–1913, 1919–1939, and 1946–2010. Elasticities consistently belong to a narrow set. We discuss the public policy implications of a seemingly iso‐elastic tobacco demand function.
Nephele: a cloud platform for simplified, standardized and reproducible microbiome data analysis
Authors: Weber Nick , Liou David , Dommer Jennifer , MacMenamin Philip , Quiñones Mariam , Misner Ian , Oler Andrew J , Wan Joe , Kim Lewis , Coakley McCarthy Meghan , Ezeji Samuel , Noble Karlynn , Hurt Darrell E 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Widespread interest in the study of the microbiome has resulted in data proliferation and the development of powerful computational tools. However, many scientific researchers lack the time, training, or infrastructure to work with large datasets or to install and use command line tools.

Results
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has created Nephele, a cloud-based microbiome data analysis platform with standardized pipelines and a simple web interface for transforming raw data into biological insights. Nephele integrates common microbiome analysis tools as well as valuable reference datasets like the healthy human subjects cohort of the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). Nephele is built on the Amazon Web Services cloud, which provides centralized and automated storage and compute capacity, thereby reducing the burden on researchers and their institutions.

Availability and implementation
https://nephele.niaid.nih.gov and https://github.com/niaid/Nephele
DeepGO: predicting protein functions from sequence and interactions using a deep ontology-aware classifier
Authors: Kulmanov Maxat , Khan Mohammed Asif , Hoehndorf Robert 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
A large number of protein sequences are becoming available through the application of novel high-throughput sequencing technologies. Experimental functional characterization of these proteins is time-consuming and expensive, and is often only done rigorously for few selected model organisms. Computational function prediction approaches have been suggested to fill this gap. The functions of proteins are classified using the Gene Ontology (GO), which contains over 40 000 classes. Additionally, proteins have multiple functions, making function prediction a large-scale, multi-class, multi-label problem.

Results
We have developed a novel method to predict protein function from sequence. We use deep learning to learn features from protein sequences as well as a cross-species protein–protein interaction network. Our approach specifically outputs information in the structure of the GO and utilizes the dependencies between GO classes as background information to construct a deep learning model. We evaluate our method using the standards established by the Computational Assessment of Function Annotation (CAFA) and demonstrate a significant improvement over baseline methods such as BLAST, in particular for predicting cellular locations.

Availability and implementation
Web server: http://deepgo.bio2vec.net, Source code: https://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/deepgo

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
IL-1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity and atherosclerosis
Authors: Engelbertsen Daniel , Rattik Sara , Wigren Maria , Vallejo Jenifer , Marinkovic Goran , Schiopu Alexandru , Björkbacka Harry , Nilsson Jan , Bengtsson Eva 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Aims
The role of CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis has been shown to be dependent on cytokine cues that regulate lineage commitment into mature T helper sub-sets. In this study, we tested the roles of IL-1R1 and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis.

Methods and results
We transferred apoe-/-myd88+/+ or apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells to T- and B-cell-deficient rag1-/-apoe-/- mice fed high fat diet. Mice given apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells exhibited reduced atherosclerosis compared with mice given apoe-/-myd88+/+ CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells from apoe-/-myd88-/- produced less IL-17 but similar levels of IFN-γ. Treatment of human CD4+ T cells with a MyD88 inhibitor inhibited IL-17 secretion in vitro. Transfer of il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells recapitulated the phenotype seen by transfer of myd88-/- CD4+ T cells with reduced lesion development and a reduction in Th17 and IL-17 production compared with wild type CD4+ T cell recipients. Relative collagen content of lesions was reduced in mice receiving il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that both IL1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity, plaque growth and may regulate plaque collagen levels.
Magnetic field and radial velocities of the star Chi Draconis A
Authors: Lee Byeong-Cheol , Gadelshin D , Han Inwoo , Kang Dong-Il , Kim Kang-Min , Valyavin G , Galazutdinov G , Jeong Gwanghui , Beskrovnaya N , Burlakova T , Grauzhanina A , Ikhsanov N R , Kholtygin A F , Valeev A , Bychkov V , Park Myeong-Gu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of the spectroscopic binary χ Dra. Spectral lines in the spectrum of the main component χ Dra A show variable Zeeman displacement, which confirms earlier suggestions about the presence of a weak magnetic field on the surface of this star. Within about 2 yr of time base of our observations, the longitudinal component BL of the magnetic field exhibits variation from −11.5 ± 2.5 to +11.1 ± 2.1 G with a period of about 23 d. Considering the rotational velocity of χ Dra A in the literature and that newly measured in this work, this variability may be explained by the stellar rotation under the assumption that the magnetic field is globally stable. Our new measurements of the radial velocities (RV) in high-resolution I-spectra of χ Dra A refined the orbital parameters and reveal persistent deviations of RVs from the orbital curve. We suspect that these deviations may be due to the influence of local magnetically generated spots, pulsations, or a Jupiter-size planet orbiting the system.
Measuring black hole mass of type I active galactic nuclei by spectropolarimetry
Authors: Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Black hole (BH) mass of type I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be measured or estimated through either reverberation mapping or empirical R–L relation, however, both of them suffer from uncertainties of the virial factor ($f_{\rm _{BLR}}$), thus limiting the measurement accuracy. In this letter, we make an effort to investigate $f_{\rm _{BLR}}$ through polarized spectra of the broad-line regions (BLR) arisen from electrons in the equatorial plane. Given the BLR composed of discrete clouds with Keplerian velocity around the central BH, we simulate a large number of spectra of total and polarized flux with wide ranges of parameters of the BLR model and equatorial scatters. We find that the $f_{\rm _{BLR}}$-distribution of polarized spectra is much narrower than that of total ones. This provides a way of accurately estimating BH mass from single spectropolarimetric observations of type I AGN whose equatorial scatters are identified.
The shape of velocity dispersion profiles and the dynamical state of galaxy clusters
Authors: Costa A P , Ribeiro A L B , de Carvalho R R 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Motivated by the existence of the relationship between the dynamical state of clusters and the shape of the velocity dispersion profiles (VDPs), we study the VDPs for Gaussian (G) and non-Gaussian (NG) systems for a subsample of clusters from the Yang catalogue. The groups cover a redshift interval of 0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.1 with halo mass ≥1014 M⊙. We use a robust statistical method, Hellinger Distance, to classify the dynamical state of the systems according to their velocity distribution. The stacked VDP of each class, G and NG, is then determined using either Bright or Faint galaxies. The stacked VDP for G groups displays a central peak followed by a monotonically decreasing trend which indicates a predominance of radial orbits, with the Bright stacked VDP showing lower velocity dispersions in all radii. The distinct features we find in NG systems are manifested not only by the characteristic shape of VDP, with a depression in the central region, but also by a possible higher infall rate associated with galaxies in the Faint stacked VDP.
Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO): an important missing organic in current astrochemical networks
Authors: Majumdar L , Loison J-C , Ruaud M , Gratier P , Wakelam V , Coutens A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is one of the important complex organic molecules detected on the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by Rosetta’s Philae lander. It was also detected in hot cores around high-mass protostars along with a recent detection in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293−2422. We propose here a gas-grain chemical model to form CH3NCO after reviewing various formation pathways with quantum chemical computations. We have used nautilus three-phase gas-grain chemical model to compare observed abundances in the IRAS 16293−2422. Our chemical model clearly indicates the ice phase origin of CH3NCO.
Aristotle's Metaphysics
Authors: Galluzzo Gabriele 
Published: September 2017

Aristotle’s Metaphysics, one of the most influential works in Western thought, is a collection of fourteen treatises or books. The title is not by Aristotle and is due to a Hellenistic editor, traditionally identified with Andronicus of Rhodes (first century bce). Metaphysics (ta meta ta phusika) means “the things after the physical things” and may point to the position of the metaphysical books in the Hellenistic edition of Aristotle’s works (after the physical books) or possibly to the order in which metaphysical issues should be learned in an ideal curriculum (after the study of physics). Aristotle, however, is not responsible for assembling the books of the Metaphysics into a single work. The collection is most likely to have been put together by Andronicus or someone else on the basis of the thematic similarities among the individual treatises. Although the Metaphysics is not a unified work in our sense, it seems undeniable that the different treatises of the collection pursue a general philosophical project or discipline, which Aristotle variously refers to as “wisdom,” “first philosophy,” or even “theology.” Such a discipline is described in the Metaphysics as a theoretical science, as opposed to practical and productive sciences, and it is sharply distinguished from the other two theoretical sciences, physics and mathematics. In many ways it would not be incorrect to describe Aristotle’s project in the Metaphysics as metaphysics. Many of the issues Aristotle deals with—such as existence, essence, individuation, identity, Universals, the nature of material objects, just to mention a few—are certainly issues that we would comfortably describe as metaphysical. But in other respects, Aristotle’s conception of metaphysics is broader than ours, as it includes philosophical areas—such as rational theology, cosmology, philosophy of mathematics and logic—that do not obviously fall within metaphysics in our sense, though they may be closely related to it. Aristotle’s Metaphysics has been enormously influential in shaping Arabic and Latin medieval thought and has remained central to early modern philosophy as well. Over the last sixty years or so, the Metaphysics has been rediscovered by metaphysicians in the analytic philosophy tradition as a source of philosophical insights. This renewal of philosophical interest has been matched by a proliferation of sophisticated scholarly works on Aristotle’s writing. This article has the twofold aim of mapping out resources on the text of the Metaphysics and offering bibliographical guidance on the philosophical issues dealt with in Aristotle’s writing.
Ovid’s Love Poetry
Authors: Thorsen Thea S. 
Published: September 2017

Always brilliantly marshaling the rich resources of the art of literature, the love poetry of the great and prolific poet Ovid (43 bce–17/18 ce) displays a vigorous engagement with Rome and the human condition. Love permeates Ovid’s entire output. His epic masterpiece the Metamorphoses and his etiological Fasti are strongly marked by stories of love. And even in the exile to which Augustus condemned Ovid toward the end of his life, he insists, in his imaginary epitaph in Tristia 3.3.73 and his autobiography Tristia 4.10.1, that he is tenerorum lusor amorum, “the playful bard of tender loves.” Love is most conspicuously present in the earlier phase of Ovid’s career. Thus, in this poetry we find titles in which amor (love) features in various forms, such as the collection of elegies called Amores (Loves), which many think we now possess in the form of a second edition; the didactic manuals in elegiac couplets, the Ars amatoria (The art of love) 1–3; and the Remedia amoris (Cures for love). To these works belong also the fragments of the didactic Medicamina faciei femineae (Cosmetics for female beauty). Furthermore, the epistolary elegies known as the Heroides may be considered as a part of Ovid’s love poetry, since love is the common denominator of all the letters included. This work is commonly divided into two parts, the single Heroides 1–15 and the double Heroides 16–21, now frequently considered to have been composed at different times. In addition to the difficulties of establishing the chronological order of all the works of Ovid’s love poetry, the authenticity of a number of the Heroides has been questioned. Ovid’s love poetry, understood as these most conspicuously amorous works, displays a number of striking characteristics, such as sophisticated metapoetics and an innovative approach to established genres, especially that of Latin love elegy; a rich interplay with the preceding literature of both Greece and Rome and a striking interconnection of the various works by means of internal references (Ovidian loci similes, “similar passages”); a humorously playful and politically poignant engagement in the world of Augustus’s Rome and a particularly eager interest in human psychology. Finally, Ovid’s love poetry is strikingly crowded with female figures of great and varied significance.
Ovid’s Exile Poetry
Authors: Tissol Garth 
Published: September 2017

Ovid’s poetry of exile, once considered of interest only as a source of historical and biographical details, now enjoys ever-increasing appreciation and esteem as poetry. Ovid was Rome’s best-known poet when in 8 ce he was abruptly exiled by Augustus for reasons that remain unclear. He regarded his place of exile at Tomis, on the shore of the Black Sea, as irredeemably desolate, and longed to return to Rome. Though wretched, he continued to write, producing two large collections of elegiac poetry, the Tristia, “sad poems,” and the Epistulae ex Ponto, epistolary elegies addressed to friends and supporters at Rome, in which he laments his lot and begs their help in lessening its misery. He also attacks an unnamed enemy in a poem of invective, the Ibis. To suit his new identity as a poet of lament, Ovid refashions himself and his elegiac style, remaining no less inventive and ingenious than in his earlier works.
Catherine of Siena
Authors: Luongo F. Thomas 
Published: September 2017

Catherine of Siena (b. 1347–d. 1380) was an author, spiritual leader, religious reformer, and one of the more remarkable public figures of the Middle Ages. Born to a prosperous family of cloth dyers, in her youth she developed a reputation for unusual piety, and in her late teens or early twenties joined the local community of Dominican female penitents (precursors to what became in the 15th century the Dominican Third Order). She developed a following that included a number of young Sienese nobleman, as well as religious from various orders, and in 1374 was enlisted by the Dominican order and the papacy to help advance several causes, including a Crusade to the Holy Land and peace in Italy. Between 1374 and her death in 1380, through her letters and in person, Catherine advocated for ecclesiastical reform, the return of the papacy to Rome from Avignon, and the Roman observance after the schism of 1378. In addition to her letters—the largest epistolary collection by a woman in the Middle Ages—she is known for a masterpiece of mystical theology, her Libro di divvina dottrina (Book of Divine Teachings), better known today as the Dialogo, a synthesis of her spiritual insights, structured in the form of a dialogue between Catherine and God. It was largely through her Libro, in addition to the hagiographical tradition, that her reputation spread throughout Europe. Catherine became the object of an active cult before her canonization in 1461, and she was embraced in the early modern period as a mystic and model for female monasticism. In the period of Italian nationalism from the Risorgimento through World War II, she became an emblem of Catholic Italy, and more recently she has been valued more for her active engagement with the world as well as for her spiritual writings. Scholars of Catherine of Siena and her devotees—two not-mutually exclusive groups—have over time vacillated radically in their sense of Catherine’s association with Italian politics and society, and in their assessments of her writings and their place in literary culture. Until recently, she has not been taken seriously by Italian literary critical scholarship: the inspired, devotional character of her prose, and its mix of oral with literary characteristics, has seemed to place her outside of literature, properly speaking. But there is currently a renewed interest in Catherine as an author, as well as a return to questions regarding the complexities of her texts and their composition first raised in the initial flowering of Catherinian source criticism in the 1930s and 1940s. She emerged as an important figure in international medieval scholarship with the rise of interest in hagiography, lay spirituality, and women’s religion and gendered religiosity in the last quarter of the 20th century, and is now recognized by historians as a key representative of important trends in late-medieval religion.
Prolonged Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Urine and Whole Blood in a Returned Short-term Traveler
Authors: Huang G Khai Lin , Tio Shio Yen , Caly Leon , Nicholson Suellen , Thevarajan Irani , Papadakis Georgina , Catton Mike , Tong Steven Y C , Druce Julian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We describe a fatal case of Japanese encephalitis virus infection following short-term travel to Thailand. Viral RNA was detected in urine and whole blood out to 26 and 28 days, respectively, after the onset of symptoms. Live virus was isolated from a urine specimen from day 14.
The Global Trade Slowdown: Cyclical or Structural?
Authors: Constantinescu Cristina , Mattoo Aaditya , Ruta Michele 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on the sluggish growth of world trade relative to income growth in recent years. We use a simple empirical strategy based on an error correction model to assess whether the global trade slowdown is structural or cyclical. An estimate of the relationship between trade and income in the past four decades reveals that the long-term trade elasticity rose sharply in the 1990s, but declined significantly in the 2000s, even before the global financial crisis. These results suggest that trade is growing slowly not only because of slow GDP growth, but also because of a structural change in the trade-GDP relationship in recent years. The available evidence suggests that a key driver of structural change over the 2000s is the slowing pace of international vertical specialization, which accounts for between one-quarter and one-half of the decline in import growth from the 1990s to the 2000s.
Understanding medulloblastoma
Authors: Quinlan Alyssa , Rizzolo Denise 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor malignancies in childhood, and among them, medulloblastoma occurs with the greatest frequency. Because medulloblastomas occur in the posterior fossa, the presenting symptoms often are vague complaints and diagnosis may be delayed. Between 70% and 80% of patients who are diagnosed before metastatic dissemination survive, compared with 30% to 40% of those in higher risk groups. This article reviews the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for medulloblastoma.