bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postępowanie w zwyrodnieniu barwnikowym siatkówki – przegląd piśmiennictwa
Authors: Krasodomska Kamila , Lubiński Wojciech 
Published: October 2017

Wstęp: Postępujący przebieg zwyrodnienia barwnikowego (retinitis pigmentosa – RP) oraz brak skutecznego leczenia skłania do poszukiwania nowych metod terapeutycznych w celu zahamowania progresji choroby.Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza aktualnych sposobów leczenia, które mogą wpływać na przebieg RP.Materiały i metody: Na podstawie wyników opisanych w dostępnym piśmiennictwie dokonano przeglądu postępowania niefarmakologicznego i farmakologicznego w RP.Wyniki: Nie ma dotychczas skutecznego leczenia RP, istnieją jednak metody mogące mieć wpływ na spowolnienie postępu choroby.Wnioski: Postępowanie terapeutyczne u pacjentów z RP powinno być skoncentrowane na zapewnieniu opieki psychologicznej, zaplanowaniu kierunku edukacji, pomocy w wyborze przyszłego zawodu oraz podjęciu decyzji o posiadaniu potomstwa. Ze strony okulistycznej przedstawić należy przede wszystkim możliwości zastosowania systemów dla osób słabowidzących, a także leczenia współistniejących z RP zaćmy i zmian drobnotorbielowatych plamki.
Gestational age at birth and mode of delivery – analysis of 1280 cases of diabetic pregnancies and review of the literature
Authors: Rajewska Aleksandra , Celewicz Zbigniew , Torbé Andrzej 
Published: October 2017

Wstęp: Celem pracy była analiza wieku urodzeniowego noworodków, sposobu rozwiązania i wskazań do cięcia cesarskiego w 1280 przypadkach ciąż powikłanych cukrzycą.Materiały i metody: Ciężarne z cukrzycą ciążową (grupa GD) podzielono na podgrupę kobiet z cukrzycą klasy G1 (n = 620), u których normalizację glikemii osiągnięto wyłącznie dzięki leczeniu dietetycznemu, oraz podgrupę kobiet z cukrzycą klasy G2 (n = 524), u których poza leczeniem dietetycznym stosowano również insulinoterapię. Ciężarne z cukrzycą rozpoznaną przed ciążą (grupa PGD) podzielono na podgrupę kobiet z cukrzycą klasy B, C i D (BCD; n = 103) i na podgrupę kobiet zpowikłaniami naczyniowymi VC (vascular complications), z cukrzycą klasy R, F i RF (n = 33).Wyniki: W grupie GD 4,3% porodów odbyło się przed ukończeniem 34. tygodnia ciąży, a w grupie PGD – 10,29% (p = 0,0045). Najniższy odsetek porodów <34. tygodnia ciąży zanotowano w podgrupie G2, a najwyższy w podgrupie VC. Również odsetek porodów przed ukończeniem 37. tygodnia ciąży był niższy w grupie GD niż w grupie PGD (p = 0,002) i najniższy w podgrupie G2, a najwyższy w podgrupie VC. Odsetek rozwiązań cięciem cesarskim był niższy w grupie GD niż w grupie PGD (47,94 vs 74,26; p < 0,001). W podgrupie VC był on zbliżony do 100, z kolei najmniej cięć cesarskich miało miejsce w podgrupie G1. W obu grupach cięcia cesarskie wykonywane były najczęściej ze wskazań płodowych. Wskazania płodowe dominowały w podgrupach G1, G2 i BCD, podczas gdy w podgrupie VC cięcie cesarskie wykonywano najczęściej ze względu na matkę.Wnioski: Cukrzyca w przebiegu ciąży zwiększa ryzyko porodu przedwczesnego. Dotyczy to w szczególności przypadków cukrzycy przedciążowej z powikłaniami naczyniowymi. Ukończenie ciąży drogą cięcia cesarskiego jest częściej wskazane uciężarnych z cukrzycą przedciążową niż u tych, u których cukrzyca rozwinęła się w ciąży. Cięcie cesarskie wykonywane jest najczęściej ze wskazań matczynych w podgrupie ciężarnych z cukrzycą przedciążową z powikłaniami naczyniowymi.
A Model for the Conductivity and Compliance of Unpropped and Natural Fractures
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Sharma Mukul M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryFluid flow in unpropped and natural fractures is critical in many geophysical processes and engineering applications. The flow conductivity in these fractures depends on their closure under stress, which is a complicated mechanical process that is challenging to model. The challenges come from the deformation interaction and the close coupling among the fracture geometry, pressure, and deformation, making the closure computationally expensive to describe. Hence, most of the previous models either use a small grid system or disregard deformation interaction or plastic deformation.In this study, a numerical model is developed to simulate the stress-driven closure and the conductivity for fractures with rough surfaces. The model integrates elastoplastic deformation and deformation interaction, and can handle contact between heterogeneous surfaces. Computation is optimized and accelerated by use of an algorithm that combines the conjugate-gradient (CG) method and the fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) technique. Computation time is significantly reduced compared with traditional methods. For example, a speedup of five orders of magnitude is obtained for a grid size of 512 × 512. The model is validated against analytical problems and experiments, for both elastic-only and elastoplastic scenarios.It is shown that interaction between asperities and plastic deformation cannot be ignored when modeling fracture closure. By applying our model, roughness and yield stress are found to have a larger effect on fracture closure and compliance than Young's modulus. Plastic deformation is a dominant contributor to closure and can make up more than 70% of the total closure in some shales. The plastic deformation also significantly alters the relationship between fracture stiffness and conductivity. Surfaces with reduced correlation length produce greater conductivity because of their larger apertures, despite more fracture closure. They have a similar fraction of area in contact as compared with surfaces with longer fracture length, but the pattern of area in contact is more scattered. Contact between heterogeneous surfaces with more soft minerals leads to increased plastic deformation and fracture closure, and results in lower fracture conductivity. Fracture compliance appears not to be as sensitive to the distribution pattern of hard and soft minerals. Our model compares well with experimental data for fracture closure, and can be applied to unpropped or natural fractures. These results are obtained for a wide range of conditions: surface profile following Gaussian distribution with correlation length of 50 µm and roughness of 4 to 50 µm, yield stress of 100 to 1500 MPa, and Young's modulus of 20 to 60 GPa. The results may be different for situations outside this range of parameters.
Evaluation of Software-Based Early Leak Warning System in Gulf-of-Mexico Subsea Flowlines
Authors: Thiberville C. J. , Wang Y. , Waltrich P. , Williams W. C. , Kam S. I. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Early detection of subsea pipeline leaks is a very serious, and still continuing, issue for the oil and gas industry with limited successful cases reported. For example, aerial surveillance of pipeline can only be applied for relatively shallow and concentrated areas, and an advanced technology such as fiber optic cable can be considered at the significant expense of time and cost for installation and equipment. The objective of this study is to evaluate a software-based leak-detection technique through the complex multiphase flow mechanics. More specifically, this study investigates (i) how leak-detection problems can be formulated from fluid-mechanics viewpoint and (ii) how reliable such a technique can be under the conditions similar to deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Examining a wide range of scenarios, this study proves that software-based techniques have potential in playing a key role in the future.
This study, first of all, defines a base case selected from theliterature review of deepwater GoM flowlines in terms of pressure and temperature conditions, fluid properties, reservoir properties, and flowline characteristicswhich allows a steady-state flow in pipeline to be determined with no leak present. Next, leaks with certain opening sizes (dleak) at different longitudinal locations(xD=x/L) are positioned, and new steady states in the presence of leaks are calculated. By comparing the two steady-state responses (with and without leak), finally the changes in two leak-detection indicators (i.e., change in upstream pressure (ΔPin) and change in downstream total flow rate (Δqt out) can be calculated in a wide range of input parameters. This study presents the results in aform of contour plots for pressure and flow responses.
The major finding of this study is that, theoretically, it is possible to estimate both size and longitudinal location of the leak, by using the two leak detection indicators in the software-based leak-detection method. The results from various subsea flowline conditions (such as different GORs and fluid types, water depths, pressures at the receiving facilities, inclination angles, pipe diameters, water cuts, and so on) show that the reliability of this technique is improved when the sink term (i.e., amount of leaking fluid) is more dominant, which in turn means, leaks positioned further upstream, with larger opening size, and occurring at higher pressure inside pipe are relatively easier to detect. In many of the scenarios considered, Δqt outas a leak detection indicator shows more than10% change in the presence of a leak with dleak&gt;1-inch, allowing relatively easier activation of leak-warning system, which demonstrates the robustness of this technique. Other scenarios where the indicators are less than a few percent changes, however, may be challenging in those cases, additional responses from other methods (hardware-based or transient simulation) will be helpful.
Treatment performance, nitrous oxide production and microbial community under low-ammonium wastewater in a CANON process
Authors: Mi Weixing , Zhao Jianqiang , Ding Xiaoqian , Ge Guanghuan , Zhao Rixiang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation for treating low-ammonium wastewater, a continuous-flow completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) biofilm reactor was studied. At a temperature of 32 ± 1 °C and a pH between 7.5 and 8.2, two operational experiments were performed: the first one fixed the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 10 h and gradually reduced the influent ammonium concentrations from 210 to 50 mg L−1; the second one fixed the influent ammonium concentration at 30 mg L−1 and gradually decreased the HRT from 10 to 3 h. The results revealed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 80%, with a corresponding total nitrogen removal rate of 0.26 ± 0.01 kg N m−3 d−1 at the final low ammonium concentration of 30 mg L−1. Small amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) up to 0.015 ± 0.004 kg m−3 d−1 at the ammonium concentration of 210 mg L−1 were produced in the CANON process and decreased with the decrease in the influent ammonium loads. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis indicated that the dominant functional bacteria ‘Candidatus Kuenenia’ under high influent ammonium levels were gradually succeeded by Armatimonadetes_gp5 under low influent ammonium levels.
Ammonium removal in landfill leachate using SBR technology: dispersed versus attached biomass
Authors: Sivic A. , Atanasova N. , Puig S. , Griessler Bulc T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLarge concentrations and oscillations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) in municipal landfill leachate pose considerable constraints to its further treatment in central wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate and optimize two technologies for the pre-treatment of 600 L/day of landfill leachate: in particular, to optimize their operational conditions for NH4+-N removal up to a level appropriate for discharge to sewers, i.e. &lt;200 mg/L. Both technologies were based on a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), with two different biomass processes: (A) SBR with dispersed/flocculated biomass and (B) SBR with biomass attached to carriers. The results revealed that both technologies successfully reduced the NH4+-N from 666 mg/L (on average) at the inflow to below 10 mg/L at the outflow with alkalinity adjustment in a 12-hour cycle. Both technologies achieved 96% removal efficiencies for NH4+-N. However, SBR with dispersed biomass showed higher flexibility under varying conditions due to the shorter adaptation time of the biomass.
Primer registro de Vigna vexillata (Fabaceae, Faboideae) en Sinaloa, México
Authors: Amador-Cruz Francisco , Benítez Pardo Daniel , Briseño Dueñas Raquel 
Published: October 2017

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La Flora de Sinaloa está compuesta por 3736 especies registradas; sin embargo, su conocimiento es relativamente escaso y la mayoría de los estudios florísticos se han realizado en la porción norte, por lo cual se desarrolló en la zona sur el presente trabajo. Éste tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento de dicha flora, a través de un nuevo registro para la especie Vigna vexillata, a nivel estatal.Métodos: Se realizaron cinco salidas a lo largo de la zona de estudio, durante las cuales se recolectaron plantas, siguiendo las recomendaciones para la preparación de ejemplares botánicos; estas se determinaron con ayuda de bibliografía taxonómica especializada.Resultados clave: Se encontró un taxon del género Vigna que no estaba reportado para la flora del estado de Sinaloa. Se reconoce por presentar el giro de quilla hacia la izquierda; las estípulas foliales cordadas; un fruto terete lineal y la pubescencia marrón. La especie fue colectada en la zona costera de Escuinapa. El registro extiende la distribución de la especie a una zona más norteña.Conclusiones: Este registro sugiere la necesidad de continuar con los trabajos de flora en la zona sur de Sinaloa, ya que es un área escasamente estudiada y que presenta una gran variedad de tipos de vegetación, los cuales han permanecido inexplorados.
National Estimates of 30-Day Unplanned Readmissions of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Chan Lili , Chauhan Kinsuk , Poojary Priti , Saha Aparna , Hammer Elizabeth , Vassalotti Joseph A. , Jubelt Lindsay , Ferket Bart , Coca Steven G. , Nadkarni Girish N. 
Published: October 2017

Background and objectives
Patients on hemodialysis have high 30-day unplanned readmission rates. Using a national all-payer administrative database, we describe the epidemiology of 30-day unplanned readmissions in patients on hemodialysis, determine concordance of reasons for initial admission and readmission, and identify predictors for readmission.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This is a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Readmission Database from the year 2013 to identify index admissions and readmission in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis. The Clinical Classification Software was used to categorize admission diagnosis into mutually exclusive clinically meaningful categories and determine concordance of reasons for admission on index hospitalizations and readmissions. Survey logistic regression was used to identify predictors of at least one readmission.

Results
During 2013, there were 87,302 (22%) index admissions with at least one 30-day unplanned readmission. Although patient and hospital characteristics were statistically different between those with and without readmissions, there were small absolute differences. The highest readmission rate was for acute myocardial infarction (25%), whereas the lowest readmission rate was for hypertension (20%). The primary reasons for initial hospitalization and subsequent 30-day readmission were discordant in 80% of admissions. Comorbidities that were associated with readmissions included depression (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05 to 1.15; P<0.001), drug abuse (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.51; P<0.001), and discharge against medical advice (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.70; P<0.001). A group of high utilizers, which constituted 2% of the population, was responsible for 20% of all readmissions.

Conclusions
In patients with ESRD on hemodialysis, nearly one quarter of admissions were followed by a 30-day unplanned readmission. Most readmissions were for primary diagnoses that were different from initial hospitalization. A small proportion of patients accounted for a disproportionate number of readmissions.
Pengaruh uncaria gambir roxb terhadap ulkus gaster dan kadar malondialdehid hewan coba yang diinduksi etanol
Authors: Irramah Miftah 
Published: October 2017

Ulkus peptikum dapat disebabkan berbagai faktor, seperti konsumsi alkohol yang berlebih. Alkohol menginduksi ulkus dengan membentuk radikal bebas yang merusak integritas mukosa sehingga terjadi ulkus. Di masyarakat, pengobatan secara tradisional adalah dengan mengonsumsi gambir. Tujuan: Untuk melihat pengaruh gambir terstandarisasi terhadap perbaikan ulkus dan malondialdehid pada tikus yang diinduksi etanol. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar. Hewan coba dibagi atas 5 kelompok masing-masing K(-), K(+), P1, P2 dan P3. Selanjutnya diperlakukan sebagai berikut: Selama 4 hari K(-) mendapat 1 ml aqua dest, K(+) , P1, P2 dan P3 mendapat 0,01 ml etanol 50%/kg BB. Hari ke-5 sampai hari ke 18, K(+) diberi aqua dest 1 ml, P1, P2 dan P3 masing-masing mendapat 1 ml larutan gambir 50, 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB per oral. Hari ke-19 hewan coba diambil darahnya melalui vena juguralis untuk penentuan kadar MDA. Selanjutnya hewan coba didekapitasi, diambil gasternya untuk menentukan perbaikan ulkus menggunakan kriteria Barthel-Manja yang telah dimodifikasi. Kadar MDA ditentukan dengan metode Placer. Hasil: Gambir terstandarisasi dapat memperbaiki ulkus gaster pada hewan coba. Terdapat perbedaan perbaikan ulkus pada pemberian gambir terstandarisasi dengan dosis yang berbeda. Dosis yang memberikan efek maksimum adalah 200 mg/kg BB. Pemberian gambir terstandarisasi juga dapat menurunkan kadar MDA serum akibat keberadaan radikal bebas ROS yang diinduksi etanol. Kesimpulan: Gambir terstandarisasi mempunyai peluang untuk menjadi obat biofarmaka yang potensial untuk ulkus peptikum. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk uji efek dan keamanannya pada manusia.
Myocardial stunning
Authors: Lousiana Maria , Irramah Miftah 
Published: October 2017

Myocardial stunning adalah penurunan fungsi miokardium pada periode iskemia dan reperfusi. Iskemia dapat menyebabkan perubahan di dalam struktur miosit yang berusaha mengembalikan aliran darah normal. Salah satu teori yaitu teori “Calcium Overload” dapat memperjelas penyebab myocardial stunning. Teori ini menjelaskan gangguan homeostasis kalsium miosit karena latihan dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan disfungsi kontraktil miokardium. Myocardial stunning juga dapat terjadi akibat penurunan Ca2+ transient intraseluler bebas selama denyutan, penurunan kekuatan maksimal Ca2+ yang diaktifkan, atau pergeseran sensitivitas miofilamen Ca2+. Perubahan histologis ini disebabkan karena reperfusi setelah periode waktu iskemia yang lebih lama. Cedera terjadi jika sejumlah besar Ca2+ masuk pada saat reperfusi, pengurangan Ca2+ akan menurunkan myocardial stunning dengan mengurangi kekuatan pendorong untuk masuknya Ca2+, sehingga bisa mengurangi cedera irreversibel yang terjadi setelah periode iskemia lebih lama. Reperfusi setelah iskemia miokard pada durasi singkat tidak menyebabkan nekrosis, tetapi menyebabkan disfungsi kontraktilitas berkepanjangan. Fenomena ini, yang kemudian dikenal sebagai myocardial stunning yang secara klinis tampak lamban.
Living in the Shadow of Mainland China - On Delineating Social and Political Constrains Among Southeast Asian Chinese Entrepreneurs
Authors: Jacobsen Michael 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Taking a point of departure in the fluid political and economic landscape of East and Southeast Asia, this paper focuses on ethnic Chinese SME entrepreneurs in Southeast Asia, who are gradually becoming the focus in a discussion of whether a rising Mainland Chinese economy is a positive or negative force in Asia. Contrary to the coherent nature usually associated with this particular ethnic group, this article argues, that in fact it is divided into many smaller factions. This differentiation of the ethnic Chinese community in Southeast Asia, it is argued, is a reflection of many different influences from, especially, colonialism, and different contemporary social and political developments within the individual Southeast Asian countries. This increasing societal complexity makes ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs vulnerable in the wake of a rising Mainland Chinese economy, as they await to see if the latter impacts positively or negatively on the various Southeast Asian economies, thus indirectly influencing how they are embedded within their societies.
Keywords: China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Chinese entrepreneurship, national politics, ethnicity.
Over the Weberian Wall: Chinese Family Businesses in Singapore
Authors: Wilkinson Barry , Fock Siew Tong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Overseas Chinese businesses have been characterized as possessing unique cultural attributes or being embedded in specific institutional environments that constrict their growth and lead to them taking on limited economic roles. Familism, particularism, nepotism and the lack of state support (among other cultural and institutional features) it is argued, stand in the way of the emergence of large, successful and enduring firms, and problems of inter-generation transition frequently lead to their demise. This paper argues that such a fatalistic prognosis is misplaced, and uses case studies of successful Chinese family businesses in Singapore to demonstrate how business leaders, as agents, can incorporate, defy, or re-combine elements from the socio-cultural environment in ways that enable continuity and growth. Additionally, this paper highlights the role of a proactive state at play in promoting a specific Chinese mode of doing business based on notions of so-called Confucian capitalism, which despite its culturalist associations, is based on capitalist practices.
Keywords: Chinese family business, inter-generation transition, Chinese culture, entrepreneurial agency.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KOMPENSASI, DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Sukidi Sukidi , Wajdi Farid 
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi dan kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja; pengaruh motivasi dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja pegawai; dan pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai di Dinas Pertanian, Perkebunan, dan Kehutanan Kabupaten Boyolali. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 60 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja pegawai. Kepuasan kerja juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Secara simultan motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja dan variabel motivasi, kompensasi,dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jalur langsung kepuasan kerja berpengaruh paling kuat terhadap kinerja pegawai yang ditunjukkan dengan memiliki koefisien regresi pengaruh paling tinggi (dominan)