bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal apparition for simultaneous source wavefield separation
Authors: Robertsson Johan O.A. , Amundsen Lasse , Pedersen Åsmund Sjøen 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A new method for discrete sampling of signals is presented with specific applications to the reconstruction of recorded interfering wavefields from two or more sources excited simultaneously at discrete positions along lines. By utilizing a periodic sequence of source signatures along one of the source lines, the corresponding wavefield becomes separately visible in a part of the spectral domain where it can be isolated, processed and subtracted from the interfering wavefields. As a result, interfering wavefields from multiple sources recorded at a single location can be fully separated from each other. The concept is referred to as signal apparition which we suggest refers to ‘the act of becoming visible’. It may find applications in a wide range of disciplines relying on wave experimentation, such as acoustic, seismic and electromagnetic imaging of the Earth's interior for instance to significantly enhance resolution of subsurface images.
Triglyceride/HDL ratio and its impact on the risk of diabetes mellitus development during ART
Authors: Squillace Nicola , Lorenzini Patrizia , Lapadula Giuseppe , Bandera Alessandra , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Rusconi Stefano , Puoti Massimo , Castagna Antonella , Antinori Andrea , Gori Andrea , d'Arminio Monforte Antonella 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Our primary aim was to study diabetes mellitus (DM) arising during combination ART (cART) and to attempt to identify associations between these cases and triglycerides (TRG) and the TRG to HDL-cholesterol (TRG/HDL) ratio. Our secondary aim was to analyse the association between DM development and hepatic fibrosis.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients from the Icona Foundation study initiating first-line cART between 1997 and 2013 were selected and observed until new-onset DM or most recent clinical follow-up. The predictive value of TRG and TRG/HDL ratio levels on DM was evaluated using multivariable Poisson regression models.

Results
Three-thousand, five-hundred and forty-six patients (males, 73.7%; median age, 38 years; median BMI, 23.1 kg/m2; and hepatitis C virus antibody positive, 22.1%) were included. Of these, 80 developed DM over 13 911 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), corresponding to 5.7 cases per 1000 PYFU (95% CI = 4.6–7.1). At multivariable analysis, latest TRG/HDL ratio, when high, was associated with significant increases in DM risk [relative risk (RR) = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.32–2.01 per 10 points higher], while current TRG, in contrast, was associated with new-onset DM only at crude analysis. Advanced liver fibrosis (defined as fibrosis-4 index >3.25) was also shown to be an independent risk factor for DM (RR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.10–7.72).

Conclusions
High TRG/HDL ratio predicted risk of new-onset DM, independently of other traditional risk factors. Furthermore, our findings suggest that advanced hepatic fibrosis, estimated using the fibrosis-4 score, could provide an additional predictor for DM.
Which veterans enroll in a VA health information exchange program?
Authors: Dixon Brian E , Ofner Susan , Perkins Susan M , Myers Laura J , Rosenman Marc B , Zillich Alan J , French Dustin D , Weiner Michael , Haggstrom David A. 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To characterize patients who voluntarily enrolled in an electronic health information exchange (HIE) program designed to share data between Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and non-VHA institutions.Materials and Methods: Patients who agreed to participate in the HIE program were compared to those who did not. Patient characteristics associated with HIE enrollment were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Variables selected for inclusion were guided by a health care utilization model adapted to explain HIE enrollment. Data about patients’ sociodemographics (age, gender), comorbidity (Charlson index score), utilization (primary and specialty care visits), and access (distance to VHA medical center, insurance, VHA benefits) were obtained from VHA and HIE electronic health records.Results: Among 57 072 patients, 6627 (12%) enrolled in the HIE program during its first year. The likelihood of HIE enrollment increased among patients ages 50–64, of female gender, with higher comorbidity, and with increasing utilization. Living in a rural area and being unmarried were associated with decreased likelihood of enrollment.Discussion and Conclusion: Enrollment in HIE is complex, with several factors involved in a patient’s decision to enroll. To broaden HIE participation, populations less likely to enroll should be targeted with tailored recruitment and educational strategies. Moreover, inclusion of special populations, such as patients with higher comorbidity or high utilizers, may help refine the definition of success with respect to HIE implementation.
Computer use, language, and literacy in safety net clinic communication
Authors: Ratanawongsa Neda , Barton Jennifer L , Lyles Courtney R , Wu Michael , Yelin Edward H , Martinez Diana , Schillinger Dean 
Published: June 2016

Objective: Patients with limited health literacy (LHL) and limited English proficiency (LEP) experience suboptimal communication and health outcomes. Electronic health record implementation in safety net clinics may affect communication with LHL and LEP patients.
We investigated the associations between safety net clinician computer use and patient-provider communication for patients with LEP and LHL.
Materials and Methods: We video-recorded encounters at 5 academically affiliated US public hospital clinics between English- and Spanish-speaking patients with chronic conditions and their primary and specialty care clinicians. We analyzed changes in communication behaviors (coded with the Roter Interaction Analysis System) with each additional point on a clinician computer use score, controlling for clinician type and visit length and stratified by English proficiency and health literacy status.
Results: Greater clinician computer use was associated with more biomedical statements (+12.4, P = .03) and less positive affect (−0.6, P &lt; .01) from LEP/LHL patients. In visits with patients with adequate English proficiency/health literacy, greater clinician computer use was associated with less positive patient affect (−0.9, P &lt; .01), fewer clinician psychosocial statements (−3.5, P &lt; .05), greater clinician verbal dominance (+0.09, P &lt; .01), and lower ratings on quality of care and communication.
Conclusion: Higher clinician computer use was associated with more biomedical focus with LEP/LHL patients, and clinician verbal dominance and lower ratings with patients with adequate English proficiency and health literacy.
Discussion: Implementation research should explore interventions to enhance relationship-centered communication for diverse patient populations in the computer era.
An electronic documentation system improves the quality of admission notes: a randomized trial
Authors: Jamieson Trevor , Ailon Jonathan , Chien Vince , Mourad Ophyr 
Published: June 2016

Objective: There are concerns that structured electronic documentation systems can limit expressivity and encourage long and unreadable notes. We assessed the impact of an electronic clinical documentation system on the quality of admission notes for patients admitted to a general medical unit.Methods: This was a prospective randomized crossover study comparing handwritten paper notes to electronic notes on different patients by the same author, generated using a semistructured electronic admission documentation system over a 2-month period in 2014. The setting was a 4-team, 80-bed general internal medicine clinical teaching unit at a large urban academic hospital. The quality of clinical documentation was assessed using the QNOTE instrument (best possible score = 100), and word counts were assessed for free-text sections of notes.Results: Twenty-one electronic-paper note pairs (42 notes) written by 21 authors were randomly drawn from a pool of 303 eligible notes. Overall note quality was significantly higher in electronic vs paper notes (mean 90 vs 69, P &lt; .0001). The quality of free-text subsections (History of Present Illness and Impression and Plan) was significantly higher in the electronic vs paper notes (mean 93 vs 78, P &lt; .0001; and 89 vs 77, P = .001, respectively). The History of Present Illness subsection was significantly longer in electronic vs paper notes (mean 172.4 vs 92.4 words, P = .0001).Conclusions: An electronic admission documentation system improved both the quality of free-text content and the overall quality of admission notes. Authors wrote more in the free-text sections of electronic documents as compared to paper versions.
Vision in our three-dimensional world
Authors: Parker Andrew J. 
Published: June 2016

Many aspects of our perceptual experience are dominated by the fact that our two eyes point forward. Whilst the location of our eyes leaves the environment behind our head inaccessible to vision, co-ordinated use of our two eyes gives us direct access to the three-dimensional structure of the scene in front of us, through the mechanism of stereoscopic vision. Scientific understanding of the different brain regions involved in stereoscopic vision and three-dimensional spatial cognition is changing rapidly, with consequent influences on fields as diverse as clinical practice in ophthalmology and the technology of virtual reality devices.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Stereoscopic depth constancy
Authors: Guan Phillip , Banks Martin S. 
Published: June 2016

Depth constancy is the ability to perceive a fixed depth interval in the world as constant despite changes in viewing distance and the spatial scale of depth variation. It is well known that the spatial frequency of depth variation has a large effect on threshold. In the first experiment, we determined that the visual system compensates for this differential sensitivity when the change in disparity is suprathreshold, thereby attaining constancy similar to contrast constancy in the luminance domain. In a second experiment, we examined the ability to perceive constant depth when the spatial frequency and viewing distance both changed. To attain constancy in this situation, the visual system has to estimate distance. We investigated this ability when vergence, accommodation and vertical disparity are all presented accurately and therefore provided veridical information about viewing distance. We found that constancy is nearly complete across changes in viewing distance. Depth constancy is most complete when the scale of the depth relief is constant in the world rather than when it is constant in angular units at the retina. These results bear on the efficacy of algorithms for creating stereo content.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Effects of cortical damage on binocular depth perception
Authors: Bridge Holly 
Published: June 2016

Stereoscopic depth perception requires considerable neural computation, including the initial correspondence of the two retinal images, comparison across the local regions of the visual field and integration with other cues to depth. The most common cause for loss of stereoscopic vision is amblyopia, in which one eye has failed to form an adequate input to the visual cortex, usually due to strabismus (deviating eye) or anisometropia. However, the significant cortical processing required to produce the percept of depth means that, even when the retinal input is intact from both eyes, brain damage or dysfunction can interfere with stereoscopic vision. In this review, I examine the evidence for impairment of binocular vision and depth perception that can result from insults to the brain, including both discrete damage, temporal lobectomy and more systemic diseases such as posterior cortical atrophy.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
The neural basis of depth perception from motion parallax
Authors: Kim HyunGoo R. , Angelaki Dora E. , DeAngelis Gregory C. 
Published: June 2016

In addition to depth cues afforded by binocular vision, the brain processes relative motion signals to perceive depth. When an observer translates relative to their visual environment, the relative motion of objects at different distances (motion parallax) provides a powerful cue to three-dimensional scene structure. Although perception of depth based on motion parallax has been studied extensively in humans, relatively little is known regarding the neural basis of this visual capability. We review recent advances in elucidating the neural mechanisms for representing depth-sign (near versus far) from motion parallax. We examine a potential neural substrate in the middle temporal visual area for depth perception based on motion parallax, and we explore the nature of the signals that provide critical inputs for disambiguating depth-sign.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Neural architectures for stereo vision
Authors: Parker Andrew J. , Smith Jackson E. T. , Krug Kristine 
Published: June 2016

Stereoscopic vision delivers a sense of depth based on binocular information but additionally acts as a mechanism for achieving correspondence between patterns arriving at the left and right eyes. We analyse quantitatively the cortical architecture for stereoscopic vision in two areas of macaque visual cortex. For primary visual cortex V1, the result is consistent with a module that is isotropic in cortical space with a diameter of at least 3 mm in surface extent. This implies that the module for stereo is larger than the repeat distance between ocular dominance columns in V1. By contrast, in the extrastriate cortical area V5/MT, which has a specialized architecture for stereo depth, the module for representation of stereo is about 1 mm in surface extent, so the representation of stereo in V5/MT is more compressed than V1 in terms of neural wiring of the neocortex. The surface extent estimated for stereo in V5/MT is consistent with measurements of its specialized domains for binocular disparity. Within V1, we suggest that long-range horizontal, anatomical connections form functional modules that serve both binocular and monocular pattern recognition: this common function may explain the distortion and disruption of monocular pattern vision observed in amblyopia.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Small or far away? Size and distance perception in the praying mantis
Authors: Nityananda Vivek , Bissianna Geoffrey , Tarawneh Ghaith , Read Jenny 
Published: June 2016

Stereo or ‘3D’ vision is an important but costly process seen in several evolutionarily distinct lineages including primates, birds and insects. Many selective advantages could have led to the evolution of stereo vision, including range finding, camouflage breaking and estimation of object size. In this paper, we investigate the possibility that stereo vision enables praying mantises to estimate the size of prey by using a combination of disparity cues and angular size cues. We used a recently developed insect 3D cinema paradigm to present mantises with virtual prey having differing disparity and angular size cues. We predicted that if they were able to use these cues to gauge the absolute size of objects, we should see evidence for size constancy where they would strike preferentially at prey of a particular physical size, across a range of simulated distances. We found that mantises struck most often when disparity cues implied a prey distance of 2.5 cm; increasing the implied distance caused a significant reduction in the number of strikes. We, however, found no evidence for size constancy. There was a significant interaction effect of the simulated distance and angular size on the number of strikes made by the mantis but this was not in the direction predicted by size constancy. This indicates that mantises do not use their stereo vision to estimate object size. We conclude that other selective advantages, not size constancy, have driven the evolution of stereo vision in the praying mantis.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Lepbase: the Lepidopteran genome database
Authors: Challi Richard J , Kumar Sujai , Dasmahapatra Kanchon K , Jiggins Chris D , Blaxter Mark 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs the generation and use of genomic datasets is becoming increasingly common in all areas of biology, the need for resources to collate, analyse and present data from independent (Tier 1) species-level genome projects into well supported clade-oriented (Tier 2) databases and provide a mechanism for these data to be propagated to pan-taxonomic (Tier 3) databases is becoming more pressing. Lepbase is a Tier 2 genomic resource for the Lepidoptera, supporting a research community using genomic approaches to understand evolution, speciation, olfaction, behaviour and pesticide resistance in a wide range of target species. Lepbase offers a core set of tools to make genomic data widely accessible including an Ensembl genome browser, text and sequence homology searches and bulk downloads of consistently presented and formatted datasets. As a part of the taxonomic community that we serve, we are working directly with Lepidoptera researchers to prioritise analyses and add tools that will be of most value to current research questions.
Influence of anions, pH and coating on the localized corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in physiological environments
Authors: Hu Qian , Liu Jing , Huang Feng 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to clarify the influence of H2PO4-, HCO3-, pH increase and phosphate coating on corrosion rate and localized corrosion tendency of AZ31 magnesium alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in physiological environments was investigated by hydrogen evolution collection measurements, electrochemical techniques and by use of a three-dimensional digital microscope.

Findings
H2PO4- and HCO3- have corrosion inhibition effects on AZ31 magnesium alloy in normal saline solutions. After immersing for 54 h, the surface undulations decrease from 100 to about 60 μm and 45 μm. The average corrosion rate decreased with increasing pH value. The localized corrosion tendency, however, increased significantly. CaHPO4·2H2O [dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD)] coating could decrease the initial icorr of AZ31 substrate in Hank’s solution. With partial dissolution of the coating, localized corrosion was readily evident on the AZ31 substrate surface, and a large corrosion pit with depth of over 350 μm appeared. The combined effect of the presence of inhibited ions, the increase in pH during corrosion process and the DCPD coating caused the decrease in the average corrosion rate while enhancing the localized corrosion tendency, resulting in the observed localized attack.

Originality/value
The paper provides an essential insight into the localized corrosion mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy in physiological environments.
Experimental study of inhibitor containing sulfur for mild steel in hydrochloric acid
Authors: Ding Yao , Luo Zhengtang , Liu Dong 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use Dextrofosfomysin levophenethylamine salt to prepare HEHSPN-(Na)2 (HSPN), a new corrosion inhibitor containing sulfur.

Design/methodology/approach
The inhibition efficiency for Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid has been evaluated by weight-loss test, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Surface studies were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Findings
The results show that inhibition efficiency of HSPN increases with an increase in concentration. Adsorption conforms to Flory–Huggins uniform temperature equation, which is multi-molecular layer adsorption and belongs to physical adsorption.

Originality/value
This paper is intended to be added to the family of papers that deal with green corrosion inhibitors which are highly efficient and can be used in the area of corrosion prevention and control.
Experimental study on the corrosion testing of a buried metal pipeline by transient electromagnetic method
Authors: Hu Bo , Yu Runqiao , Liu Jian 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to clarify the transient electromagnetic method used for the nondestructive testing of the corrosion of an in-service buried metal pipeline in trenchless state.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper designed corrosion models indoor and infield for testing. A method for calculating the residual wall thickness of metal pipelines was also proposed. The calculation method was verified by the test results. In the test, the receiving probe was improved by the addition of a Mn-Zn ferrite core. The amplitudes of the test results obviously increased, and the calculation accuracy was improved.

Findings
The paper states that the transient electromagnetic method can detect the uniform corrosion distribution of a certain section of a pipeline. A multi-channel profile of the induced electromotive force and the calculated values of the residual wall thickness can be used to confirm the position and degree of corrosion defects, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
The transient electromagnetic method is more effective for large-area corrosion than for localized corrosion (pitting).

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for the development of nondestructive testing method of the corrosion of an in-service buried metal pipeline.

Originality/value
This paper proved the feasibility and reliability of using transient electromagnetic method to test the corrosion of a buried metal pipeline based on experimental study.
The role of drug as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel surface characterization by SEM, AFM, and FTIR
Authors: Khan Md. Zaved Hossain , Aziz Md. Abdul , Hasan Md. Rafiul , Al-Mamun Md. Rashid 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the inhibitor behavior of specific drug against mild steel corrosion and their adsorption mechanism on the surface.

Design/methodology/approach
Corrosion rates are influenced by the formation of inhibitor aggregates at the mild steel surface. Detail surface characterizations of mild steel have been studied before and after adsorption of drugs in 1N HCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the effect of drug adsorption on steel surface.

Findings
Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested that the metal had been protected from aggressive corrosion because of the addition of the inhibitors. Atomic force microscopy visualization confirmed the formation of protective layer on steel surface, resulting in the decrease in surface roughness with corrosion rates. The nature of metal surface has been analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Originality/value
The findings of this study will help us to understand the interaction of specific drugs with mild steel surface and their potential inhibition mechanism.