bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Long-Term Central Venous Catheters Versus Transhepatic Venous Catheters in Infants and Young Children
Authors: Marshall Amanda Marie , Danford David A. , Curzon Christopher L. , Anderson Venus , Delaney Jeffrey W. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
Children with congenital heart disease may require long-term central venous access for intensive care management; however, central venous access must also be preserved for future surgical and catheterization procedures. Transhepatic venous catheters may be an useful alternative. The objective of this study was to compare transhepatic venous catheters with traditional central venous catheters regarding complication rate and duration of catheter service.

Design:
Retrospective review of 12 congenital heart disease patients from September 2013 to July 2015 who underwent placement of one or more transhepatic venous catheters.

Setting:
Single freestanding pediatric hospital located in the central United States.

Patients:
Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent placement of transhepatic venous catheter.

Interventions:
Cohort’s central venous catheter complication rates and duration of catheter service were compared with transhepatic venous catheter data.

Measurements and Main Results:
Twelve patients had a total of 19 transhepatic venous lines. Transhepatic venous lines had a significantly longer duration of service than central venous lines (p = 0.001). No difference between the two groups was found in the number of documented thrombi, thrombolytic burden, or catheter sites requiring wound care consultation. A higher frequency of infection in transhepatic venous lines versus central venous lines was found, isolated to four transhepatic venous lines that had a total of nine infections. All but one was successfully managed without catheter removal. The difference in the proportion of infections to catheters in transhepatic venous lines versus central venous lines was significant (p = 0.0001), but no difference in the rate of infection-related catheter removal was found.

Conclusions:
Without compromising future central venous access sites, transhepatic venous lines had superior duration of service without increased thrombosis, thrombolytic use, or insertion site complications relative to central venous lines. Transhepatic venous catheters had a higher infection rate, and further investigation into the etiology is warranted.
Targeting Value-Driven Quality Improvement for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Michigan
Authors: Sheetz Kyle H. , Kenney Brooke , Dupree James M. , Campbell Darrell A. , Englesbe Michael J. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate complete episode expenditures for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a common and lower-risk operation, to characterize novel targets for value-based quality improvement.

Summary Background Data:
Despite enthusiasm for improving the overall value of surgical care, most efforts have focused on high-risk inpatient surgery.

Methods:
We identified 19,213 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 2012 to 2015 using data from Medicare and a large private payer. We calculated price-standardized payments for the entire surgical episode of care and stratified patients by surgeon. We used linear regression to risk- and reliability-adjusted expenditures for patient characteristics, diagnoses, and the use of additional procedures.

Results:
Fully adjusted total episode costs varied 2.4-fold across surgeons ($7922–$17,500). After grouping surgeons by adjusted total episode payments, each component of the total episode was more expensive for patients treated by the most expensive versus the least expensive quartile of surgeons. For example, payments for physician services were higher for the most expensive surgeons [$1932, 95% confidence interval (CI) $1844–$2021] compared to least expensive surgeons ($1592, 95% CI $1450–$1701, P < 0.01). Overall differences were driven by higher rates of complications (10% vs. 5%) and readmissions (14% vs. 8%), and lower rates of ambulatory procedures (77% vs. 56%) for surgeons with the highest versus lowest expenditures. Projections showed that a 10% increase ambulatory operations would yield $3.6 million in annual savings for beneficiaries.

Conclusions:
Episode payments for laparoscopic cholecystectomy vary widely across surgeons. Although improvements in several domains would reduce expenditures, efforts to expand ambulatory surgical practices may result in the largest savings to beneficiaries in Michigan.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Margins <2 mm
Authors: Tadros Audree B. , Smith Benjamin D. , Shen Yu , Lin Heather , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Lucci Anthony , Barcenas Carlos H. , Hwang Rosa F. , Rauch Gaiane , Santiago Lumarie , Strom Eric A. , DeSnyder Sarah M. , Yang Wei T. , Black Dalliah M. , Albarracin Constance T. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Hunt Kelly K. , Kuerer Henry M. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:To determine the relationship between negative margin width and locoregional recurrence (LRR) in a contemporary cohort of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients.Background:Recent national consensus guidelines recommend an optimal margin width of 2 mm or greater for the management of DCIS; however, controversy regarding re-excision remains when managing negative margins <2 mm.Methods:One thousand four hundred ninety-one patients with DCIS who underwent breast-conserving surgery from 1996 to 2010 were identified from a prospectively managed cancer center database and analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to determine the relationship between negative margin width and LRR with or without adjuvant radiation therapy (RT).Results:A univariate analysis revealed that age <40 years (n = 89;P= 0.02), no RT (n = 298;P= 0.01), and negative margin width <2 mm (n = 120;P= 0.005) were associated with LRR. The association between margin width and LRR differed by adjuvant RT status (interactionP= 0.02). There was no statistical significant difference in LRR between patients with <2 mm and ≥2 mm negative margins who underwent RT (10-yr LRR rate, 4.8% vs 3.3%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.2–3.2;P= 0.72). For patients who did not undergo RT, those with margins <2 mm were significantly more likely to develop a LRR than were those with margins ≥2 mm (10-yr LRR rate, 30.9% vs 5.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.8–16.8,P= 0.003).Conclusions:Routine additional surgery may not be justified for patients with negative margins <2 mm who undergo RT but should be performed in patients who forego RT.
Extraocular Muscle Findings in Myasthenia Gravis Associated Treatment-Resistant Ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Rautenbach Robyn M. , Pillay Komala , Murray Anthony D. N. , Heckmann Jeannine M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:
We report the histopathological and ultrastructural tissue analysis of extraocular muscle (EOM) obtained from a patient with seronegative myasthenia gravis (MG) with treatment-resistant ophthalmoplegia for 3.5 years. The EOM demonstrated predominantly myopathic features and ultrastructural evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, but the most striking features were increased endomysial collagen and adipocyte replacement of muscle fibers. By contrast, control EOM from a patient undergoing strabismus surgery for a sensory exotropia in a nonseeing eye and a similar duration of deviation, showed normal muscle histology. Although the histopathological and ultrastructural findings largely resemble those of limb muscle in MG, the abundant endomysial collagen may be nonspecific and secondary to poor force generation as a result of chronic ophthalmoplegia.
On the concept of frustrated Lewis pairs
Authors: Fontaine Frédéric-Georges , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: July 2017

In this concept article, we consider the notion of ‘frustrated Lewis pairs’ (FLPs). While the original use of the term referred to steric inhibition of dative bond formation in a Lewis pair, work in the intervening decade demonstrates the limitation of this simplistic view. Analogies to known transition metal chemistry and the applications in other areas of chemistry are considered. In the light of these findings, we present reflections on the criteria for a definition of the term ‘frustrated Lewis pair’. Segregation of the Lewis acid and base and the kinetic nature of FLP reactivity are discussed. We are led to the conclusion that, while an all-inclusive definition of FLP is challenging, the notion of ‘FLP chemistry’ is more readily recognized.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry’.
Detection and antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenicEscherichia coliisolated from the final effluent of two wastewater treatment Plants in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Olayinka Osuolale , Anthony Okoh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWastewater is an important reservoir forEscherichia coliand can present significant acute toxicity if released into receiving water sources without being adequately treated. To analyze whether pathogenicE. colistrains that cause infections are in treated effluent and to recognize antibiotic profile. 476 confirmed isolates from two treatment Plants were characterized for the presence of variousE. colipathotypes. A total of 8 pathotypes were screened and only four were confirmed. UPEC was about 5.7% followed by EAEC at 2.3%, NMEC at 1.1% and EPEC at 0.6%. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofE. colipathotypes such as UPEC showed low resistance to antibiotics like meropenem (100%), cefotaxime (100%) and gentamicin (88.9%). The pathotype also showed high degrees of resistance to tetracycline (74.1%), ampicillin (74.1%) and cephalothin (66.7%). OtherE. colipathotypes, EAEC, NMEC and EPEC, showed high sensitivity (100%) to meropenem, gentamicin and cefotaxime, and varying degree of resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline and cephalothin. The results of this study reveal that the two Plants discharge effluents with pathogenicE. coliand are reservoir for the bacteria into receiving water sources. In summary, this finding raises the possibility that at least some pathogenicE. colipathotypes are getting into the environment through WWTPs and represent potential route for enteropathogenic infection. In addition, certain pathotypes may have acquired resistance properties, becoming a potential cause of drug resistance infection. This study reveals inadequacy of the plants studied to produce effluents of acceptable quality.
Cyanophages exhibit rhythmic infection patterns under light-dark cycles
Authors: Liu Riyue , Chen Yue , Zhang Rui , Liu Yaxin , Jiao Nianzhi , Zeng Qinglu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMost living organisms exhibit diurnal rhythms as an adaptation to the daily light-dark (diel) cycle. However, diurnal rhythms have not been found in viruses. Here, we studied the diel infection patterns of bacteriophages infecting the unicellular cyanobacteriaProchlorococcusandSynechococcus, which are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in the oceans. With lab cultures, we found that cyanophages used three infection strategies in the dark: no adsorption, adsorption but no replication, and replication. Interestingly, the former two exhibited rhythmic infection patterns under light-dark cycles. We further showed in the South China Sea and the Western Pacific Ocean that cyanophage abundances varied rhythmically, with a peak at night. Moreover, diel transcriptional rhythms of many cyanophage genes were found in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which also peaked at night. Our results suggested that cyanophage infection ofProchlorococcusis synchronized to the light-dark cycle, which may result in a synchronized release of dissolved organic matter to the marine food web.
Whole-body single-cell sequencing of thePlatynereislarva reveals a subdivision into apical versus non-apical tissues
Authors: Achim Kaia , Eling Nils , Martinez Vergara Hernando , Bertucci Paola Yanina , Brunet Thibaut , Collier Paul , Benes Vladimir , Marioni John C , Arendt Detlev 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnimal bodies comprise a diverse array of tissues and cells. To characterise cellular identities across an entire body, we have compared the transcriptomes of single cells randomly picked from dissociated whole larvae of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii1–4. We identify five transcriptionally distinct groups of differentiated cells that are spatially coherent, as revealed by spatial mapping5. Besides somatic musculature, ciliary bands and midgut, we find a group of cells located at the apical tip of the animal, comprising sensory-peptidergic neurons, and another group composed of non-apical neural and epidermal cells covering the rest of the body. These data establish a basic subdivision of the larval body surface into molecularly defined apical versus non-apical tissues, and support the evolutionary conservation of the apical nervous system as a distinct part of the bilaterian brain6.
Investigating failures in information seeking episodes
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Shah Chirag 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
People face barriers and failures in various kinds of information seeking experiences. These are often attributed to either the information seeker or the system/service they use. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and why individuals fail to fulfill their information needs in all contexts and situations. It addresses the limitations of existing studies in examining the context of the task and information seeker’s strategy and seeks to gain a holistic understanding of information seeking barriers and failures.

Design/methodology/approach
The primary method used for this investigation is a qualitative survey, in which 63 participants provided 208 real life examples of failures in information seeking. After analyzing the survey data, ten semi-structured interviews with another group of participants were conducted to further examine the survey findings. Data were analyzed using various theoretical frameworks of tasks, strategies, and barriers.

Findings
A careful examination of aspects of tasks, barriers, and strategies identified from the examples revealed that a wide range of external and internal factors caused people’s failures. These factors were also caused or affected by multiple aspects of information seekers’ tasks and strategies. People’s information needs were often too contextual and specific to be fulfilled by the information retrieved. Other barriers, such as time constraint and institutional restrictions, also intensified the problem.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the importance of considering the information seeking episodes in which individuals fail to fulfill their needs in a holistic approach by analyzing their tasks, information needs, strategies, and obstacles. The modified theoretical frameworks and the coding methods used could also be instrumental for future research.
The effects of industry expertise on cost of debt: an individual auditor-level analysis
Authors: Wang Ying-Chieh , Huang Hua Wei , Chiou Jeng-Ren , Huang Yu Chieh 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between the cost of debt (COD) and auditor industry expertise using Taiwanese data. Since previous studies (Li et al., 2010) have only examined the relation between industry specialization and COD at the audit firm level in western countries, the authors further examine the association between industry specialization and COD at the individual auditor level in an Asian context.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the interest rate on the firm’s debt as a proxy variable for the COD (Francis, Khurana and Pereira, 2005). The authors adopt three different methods to measure industry specialization, which consist of the auditors’ market share in terms of client sales and number of clients, and client assets.

Findings
The results indicate that the clients of industry specialists at individual auditor levels have a lower COD.

Originality/value
First, the authors extend the research of Li et al. (2010) and find that the clients of individual auditor industry specialists also have a lower COD. Second, the authors also believe the evidence on the effects of industry expertise at the individual auditor level may have policy implications for regulators and public investors. Finally, in contrast to works carried out in the US market, the authors provide empirical evidence for the relation between industry specialization and COD in an Asian market.
Factors influencing the implementation of risk-based auditing
Authors: Zainal Abidin Nor Hafizah 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine, from the agency perspective, the influence of internal audit and audit committee attributes, as well as risk management and internal control systems, on the implementation of risk-based auditing among public-listed companies in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was distributed to the in-house internal audit function in approximately 620 public-listed companies. Consequently, data from 117 heads of the internal audit function was collected and analyzed.FindingsThe findings indicate that “audit committee review and concern” and “risk management system” are significantly and positively related to the implementation of risk-based auditing. Most importantly, the results indicate the importance of audit committee inputs and concerns in reviewing internal audit activities. Empirically, the findings also suggest that a more formalized risk environment would foster the existence of a strong risk-aware culture and hence provides a strong foundation for internal audit to implement risk-based auditing. However, internal audit experience, size of internal audit function, audit committee qualifications, and internal control system are not found to be significant predictors of the presence of risk-based auditing.Research limitations/implicationsThis study examined only risk-based auditing practices in the in-house internal audit function of public-listed companies; hence, the findings cannot be generalized to all Malaysian-listed companies that outsource or co-source their internal audit activities.Social implicationsAn effective internal monitoring mechanism and better quality of internal audit work will minimize potential risks that prevent the achievement of company objectives, reduce propensity to falsify financial information, and improve financial reporting quality.Originality/valueThis study contributes evidence concerning the relationship between internal monitoring mechanisms and the implementation of risk-based auditing among in-house internal audit activity.
Situated learning in accountancy: an employer perspective
Authors: Stanley Trevor Albert 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the perspectives of employers who participated in a 100-hour, for credit, unpaid, work placement programme in accountancy.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study method is used involving an interview-based, qualitative approach.

Findings
The study highlights the potential benefits and costs of the programme with strong themes applicable to the real-world accounting work environment and the interaction with people as essential elements of why students do a work placement; the importance of tasks in the student’s learning; the significance of relating theory to practice; the nature of the costs involved in providing the work placement; the mutual reciprocal benefits obtained by both students and employers involved in the work placement; and the importance of work placements in accounting education prior to graduation.

Practical implications
This study provides evidence about the nature and value of work placements in accounting from an employer’s perspective, and based on this research, other universities should be encouraged to implement an accountancy work placement programme.

Originality/value
Little research has been done on the employer perspectives of work placements in accountancy, and the exploratory case study of this intervention, based on sociocultural learning theory, provides an insight into their perceptions.
Current opinions on forensic accounting education
Authors: Kramer Bonita , Seda Michael , Bobashev Georgiy 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to determine current views of educators and practitioners regarding forensic accounting education, given the recent dramatic growth in the number of colleges and universities offering such education.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey, with statistical analysis of responses.

Findings
Results find that while both groups agree the demand for forensic accounting services will increase in the near future and that they prefer a separate course or degree be offered at the graduate and undergraduate levels, there are several significant differences between the educators’ and practitioners’ opinions on forensic accounting content and preferred teaching techniques. Practitioners consider topics outside traditional accounting as more important to include in forensic accounting education, and more highly value teaching techniques that add an experiential learning component.

Practical implications
Results can be useful to educators who have not considered offering forensic accounting courses or who wish to refine or update their existing forensic accounting education. Students seeking a career in forensic accounting can also use these results to facilitate their course choices to develop skills that employers value.

Social implications
These results find that practitioners value some nontraditional accounting skills, such as in forensic technology and interviewing, more highly than academics, which suggests accounting educators may need to develop interdisciplinary approaches to forensic accounting education.

Originality/value
As the number of institutions offering forensic accounting education has dramatically increased, current views of forensic accounting educators and practitioners are needed.
Learning commercial computerised accounting programmes
Authors: Yaftian Ali , Mirshekary Soheila , Mihret Dessalegn Getie 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Practical accountving skills such as the ability to use commercial computerised accounting programmes (CCAP) is increasingly becoming expected of accounting graduates. To understand the impact of CCAP on learning, this paper aims to examine students’ motivations for and perceptions about learning CCAP in two accounting subjects trialled in an Australian university.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of students who completed the course was conducted twice, before training and assessment using CCAP and after completing the CCAP-based learning activity and the associated assessment task.

Findings
The results show that students demonstrate strong positive attitudes towards learning CCAP, and using CCAP elicits active student engagement in the learning processes. The findings also show room for further enhancement of student engagement by integrating CCAP learning tasks with teamwork and developing CCAP-based learning and assessment tasks suitable for higher-order learning outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
The survey respondents in this study are drawn from only one higher education institution in Australia and are predominantly an international cohort. This makes the conclusions of the study exploratory in nature and thus further studies are needed before generalising the conclusions.

Originality/value
By providing insights into student motivations to and perceptions about the use of CCAP in accounting curricula, the study sheds light on the potential of CCAP to enhance learning and aspects of consolidating the role of CCAP as a learning tool.