bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Searches Do Users Run on PEDro?
Authors: Moseley Anne , Elkins Mark , Lin Christine , Maher Chris , Stevens Matthew 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackground: Clinicians must be able to search effectively for relevant research if they are to provide evidence-based healthcare. It is therefore relevant to consider how users search databases of evidence in healthcare, including what information users look for and what search strategies they employ. To date such analyses have been restricted to the PubMed database. Although the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) is searched millions of times each year, no studies have investigated how users search PEDro.Objectives: To assess the content and quality of searches conducted on PEDro. Methods: Searches conducted on the PEDro website over 6 months were downloaded and the ‘get’ commands and page-views extracted. The following data were tabulated: the 25 most common searches; the number of search terms used; the frequency of use of simple and advanced searches, including the use of each advanced search field; and the frequency of use of various search strategies.Results: Between August 2014 and January 2015, 893,971 search commands were entered on PEDro. Fewer than 18 % of these searches used the advanced search features of PEDro. ‘Musculoskeletal’ was the most common subdiscipline searched, while ‘low back pain’ was the most common individual search. Around 20 % of all searches contained errors.Conclusions: PEDro is a commonly used evidence resource, but searching appears to be sub-optimal in many cases. The effectiveness of searches conducted by users needs to improve, which could be facilitated by methods such as targeted training and amending the search interface.
FAST RADIO BURSTS AS PROBES OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM
Authors: Akahori Takuya , Ryu Dongsu , Gaensler B. M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We examine the proposal that the dispersion measures (DMs) and Faraday rotation measures (RMs) of extragalactic linearly polarized fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be used to probe the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) in filaments of galaxies. The DM through the cosmic web is dominated by contributions from the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) in filaments and from the gas in voids. On the other hand, RM is induced mostly by the hot medium in galaxy clusters, and only a fraction of it is produced in the WHIM. We show that if one excludes FRBs whose sightlines pass through galaxy clusters, the line of sight (LOS) strength of the IGMF in filaments,

, is approximately

, where C is a known constant. Here, the redshift of the FRB is not required to be known; f
DM is the fraction of total DM due to the WHIM, while

is the redshift of interevening gas weighted by the WHIM gas density, both of which can be evaluated for a given cosmology model solely from the DM of an FRB. Using data on structure formation simulations and a model IGMF, we show that

closely reproduces the density-weighted LOS strength of the IGMF in filaments of the large-scale structure.
INTERPRETING THE SUBTLE SPECTRAL VARIATIONS OF THE 11.2 AND 12.7 μm POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON BANDS
Authors: Shannon M. J. , Stock D. J. , Peeters E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We report new properties of the 11 and 12.7 μm emission complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by applying a Gaussian-based decomposition technique. Using high-resolution Spitzer Space Telescope data, we study in detail the spectral and spatial characteristics of the 11 and 12.7 μm emission bands in maps of reflection nebulae NGC 7023 and NGC 2023 (north and south) and the star-forming region M17. Profile variations are observed in both the 11 and 12.7 μm emission bands. We identify a neutral contribution to the traditional 11.0 μm PAH band and a cationic contribution to the traditional 11.2 μm band, the latter of which affects the PAH class of the 11.2 μm emission in our sample. The peak variations of the 12.7 μm complex are explained by the competition between two underlying blended components. The spatial distributions of these components link them to cations and neutrals. We conclude that the 12.7 μm emission originates in both neutral and cationic PAHs, lending support to the use of the 12.7/11.2 intensity ratio as a charge proxy.
INTERPRETATION OF THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION OF ROTATION MEASURE IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Xu Siyao , Zhang Bing 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The observed structure function (SF) of rotation measure (RM) varies as a broken power-law function of angular scales. The systematic shallowness of its spectral slope is inconsistent with the standard Kolmogorov scaling. This motivates us to examine the statistical analysis on RM fluctuations. The correlations of RM constructed by Lazarian & Pogosyan are demonstrated to be adequate in explaining the observed features of RM SFs through a direct comparison between the theoretically obtained and observationally measured SF results. By segregating the density and magnetic field fluctuations and adopting arbitrary indices for their respective power spectra, we find that when the SFs of RM and emission measure have a similar form over the same range of angular scales, the statistics of the RM fluctuations reflect the properties of density fluctuations. RM SFs can be used to evaluate the mean magnetic field along the line of sight, but cannot serve as an informative source on the properties of turbulent magnetic field in the interstellar medium. We identify the spectral break of RM SFs as the inner scale of a shallow spectrum of electron density fluctuations, which characterizes the typical size of discrete electron density structures in the observed region.
UPDATED KINEMATIC CONSTRAINTS ON A DARK DISK
Authors: Kramer Eric David , Randall Lisa 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We update the method of the Holmberg & Flynn study, including an updated model of the Milky Way’s interstellar gas, radial velocities, an updated reddening map, and a careful statistical analysis, to bound the allowed surface density and scale height of a dark disk. We pay careful attention to the self-consistency of the model, including the gravitational influence of the dark disk on other disk components, and to the net velocity of the tracer stars. We find that the data set exhibits a non-zero bulk velocity in the vertical direction as well as a displacement from the expected location at the Galactic midplane. If not properly accounted for, these features would bias the bound toward low dark disk mass. We therefore perform our analysis two ways. In the first, using the traditional method, we subtract the mean velocity and displacement from the tracers’ phase space distributions. In the second method, we perform a non-equilibrium version of the HF method to derive a bound on the dark disk parameters for an oscillating tracer distribution. Despite updates in the mass model and reddening map, the traditional method results remain consistent with those of HF2000. The second, non-equilibrium technique, however, allows a surface density as large as

14

M

⊙

pc

−
2

(and as small as

0

M

⊙

pc

−
2

), demonstrating much weaker constraints. For both techniques, the bound on surface density is weaker for larger scale height. In future analyses of Gaia data it will be important to verify whether the tracer populations are in equilibrium.
THE GAIA-ESO SURVEY: METAL-RICH BANANAS IN THE BULGE
Authors: Williams Angus A. , Evans N. W. , Molloy Matthew , Kordopatis Georges , Smith M. C. , Shen J. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Bensby T. , Francois P. , Koposov S. E , Recio-Blanco A. , Bayo A. , Carraro G. , Casey A. , Costado T. , Franciosini E. , Hourihane A. , Laverny P. de , Lewis J. , Lind K. , Magrini L. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Sacco G. G , Worley C. , Zaggia S. , Mikolaitis Š. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze the kinematics of ∼2000 giant stars in the direction of the Galactic bulge, extracted from the Gaia-ESO survey in the region

−
10
°
≲
ℓ
≲
10
°

and

−
11
°
≲
b
≲
−
3
°

. We find distinct kinematic trends in the metal-rich (

[
M

/

H
]
>
0

) and metal-poor (

[
M

/

H
]
<
0

) stars in the data. The velocity dispersion of the metal-rich stars drops steeply with latitude, compared to a flat profile in the metal-poor stars, as has been seen previously. We argue that the metal-rich stars in this region are mostly on orbits that support the boxy–peanut shape of the bulge, which naturally explains the drop in their velocity dispersion profile with latitude. The metal-rich stars also exhibit peaky features in their line of sight velocity histograms, particularly along the minor axis of the bulge. We propose that these features are due to stars on resonant orbits supporting the boxy–peanut bulge. This conjecture is strengthened through the comparison of the minor axis data with the velocity histograms of resonant orbits generated in simulations of buckled bars. The “banana” or 2:1:2 orbits provide strongly bimodal histograms with narrow velocity peaks that resemble the Gaia-ESO metal-rich data.
GALACTIC WINDS DRIVEN BY ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC COSMIC-RAY DIFFUSION IN DISK GALAXIES
Authors: Pakmor R. , Pfrommer C. , Simpson C. M. , Springel V. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The physics of cosmic rays (CRs) is a promising candidate for explaining the driving of galactic winds and outflows. Recent galaxy formation simulations have demonstrated the need for active CR transport either in the form of diffusion or streaming to successfully launch winds in galaxies. However, due to computational limitations, most previous simulations have modeled CR transport isotropically. Here, we discuss high-resolution simulations of isolated disk galaxies in a 1011
M
⊙ halo with the moving-mesh code Arepo that include injection of CRs from supernovae, advective transport, CR cooling, and CR transport through isotropic or anisotropic diffusion. We show that either mode of diffusion leads to the formation of strong bipolar outflows. However, they develop significantly later in the simulation with anisotropic diffusion compared to the simulation with isotropic diffusion. Moreover, we find that isotropic diffusion allows most of the CRs to quickly diffuse out of the disk, while in the simulation with anisotropic diffusion, most CRs remain in the disk once the magnetic field becomes dominated by its azimuthal component, which occurs after ∼300 Myr. This has important consequences for the gas dynamics in the disk. In particular, we show that isotropic diffusion strongly suppresses the amplification of the magnetic field in the disk compared to anisotropic or no diffusion models. We therefore conclude that reliable simulations which include CR transport inevitably need to account for anisotropic diffusion.
Emotions and coping of patients with head and neck cancers after diagnosis
Authors: Jagannathan A , Juvva S 
Published: June 2016

Background and Rationale:
Patients suffering with head and neck cancers are observed to have a relatively high risk of developing emotional disturbances after diagnosis and treatment. These emotional concerns can be best understood and explored through the method of content analysis or qualitative data. Though a number of qualitative studies have been conducted in the last few years in the field of psychosocial oncology, none have looked at the emotions experienced and the coping by head and neck cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-five new cases of postsurgery patients of head and neck cancers were qualitatively interviewed regarding the emotions experienced and coping strategies after diagnosis.

Results:
Qualitative content analysis of the in-depth interviews brought out that patients experienced varied emotions on realizing that they were suffering from cancer, the cause of which could be mainly attributed to three themes: 1) knowledge of their illness; 2) duration of untreated illness; and 3) object of blame. They coped with their emotions by either: 1) inculcating a positive attitude and faith in the doctor/treatment, 2) ventilating their emotions with family and friends, or 3) indulging in activities to divert attention.

Conclusion:
The results brought out a conceptual framework, which showed that an in-depth understanding of the emotions - Their root cause, coping strategies, and spiritual and cultural orientations of the cancer survivor - Is essential to develop any effective intervention program in India.
Prevalence of burnout and its correlates among residents in a tertiary medical center in Kerala, India
Authors: Ratnakaran B , Prabhakaran A , Karunakaran V 
Published: June 2016

Background and Rationale:
Residents work in emotionally demanding environments with multiple stressors. The risk for burnout is high in them and it has significant negative consequences for their career. Burnout is also associated with consequences in terms of physical and mental health including insomnia, cardiovascular disease, depression and suicidal ideation. Thus, the study aimed to study the prevalence of burn out and its correlates among interns and residents at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Settings and Design:
Cross Sectional Study at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Methods:
It was a cross Sectional study of 558 interns and residents of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Data was collected which included the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory [CBI]which assesses burnout in the dimensions of Personal burnout, Work burnout and Patient related burnout, with a cut off score of 50 for each dimension. Age, sex, year of study, department the resident belonged to, or an intern, junior resident or a super speciality senior resident (resident doing super speciality course after their post graduate masters degree) were the correlates assessed.

Statistical analysis:
Univariate analysis.

Results:
More than one third of the participants were found to have burnout in one or another dimension of the CBI. Burnout was found to be the highest among the interns in the domains of personal burnout (64.05 %) and patient related burnout (68.62 %) and in junior residents for work related burnout (40%). Super specialty senior residents had the least prevalence of burnout in all three dimensions. Among the residents, Non Medical/Non Surgical residents had the least prevalence of burnout in all three dimensions, whereas surgical speciality residents had the highest of personal burnout (57.92 %) and Medical speciality residents had the highest patient related burnout (27.13%). Both medical and surgical specialty residents had equal prevalence of work burnout. The study also showed that as the number of years of residency increased, the burnout also increased in all three dimensions. A between gender difference in burnout was not noticed in our study.

Conclusions:
Burnout was found to be present in a large number of residents in our study. Nationwide studies and assessment of more correlates will be needed to understand this phenomenon and also for formulating measures for preventing and managing it.
The Corporate Social Responsibility Is just a Twist in a Möbius Strip
Authors: Solferino Nazaria , Solferino Viviana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In recent years economic agents and systems have become more and more interactive and juxtaposed, therefore the social sciences need to rely on the studies of physical sciences to analyze this complexity in the relationships. According to this point of view, the authors rely on the geometrical model of the Möbius strip used in electromagnetism, which analyzes the movements of the electrons that produce energy. They use a similar model in a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) context to devise a new cost-benefit model in order to take into account three positive effects on the efficiency of a socially responsible company: 1) cooperation among stakeholders in the same sector; 2) cooperation among similar stakeholders in different sectors; and 3) the stakeholders’ loyalty toward the company. By applying this model to a firm’s decision problem the authors find that investing in CSR activities is always convenient, depending on the number of sectors, the stakeholders’ sensitivity to these investments and the decay rate to alienation. Their work suggests a new method of analysis which should be developed not only at a theoretical level, but also at an empirical level.
Comment on "Using groundwater age and hydrochemistry to understand sources and dynamics of nutrient contamination through the catchment into Lake Rotorua, New Zealand" by Morgenstern et al. (2015)
Authors: Abell Jonathan M. , Hamilton David P. , McBride Christopher G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This comment addresses a key conclusion in the paper entitled "Using groundwater age and hydrochemistry to understand sources and dynamics of nutrient contamination through the catchment into Lake Rotorua, New Zealand" by Morgenstern et al. (2015). The authors analyse hydrochemistry data and conclude that "the only effective way to limit algae blooms and improve lake water quality in such environments is by limiting the nitrate load". We undertook the crucial task of examining this conclusion because it contradicts the current strategy of limiting both phosphorus and nitrogen loads to the lake, supported by a multi-million dollar programme of action. Following careful consideration, we believe that the conclusion is invalid and outline four reasons to support our assessment. Our comments do not relate to the methodology or results that are presented by Morgenstern et al. (2015), and we recognise that their paper makes an otherwise highly valuable contribution to understanding hydro-chemical processes in the catchment.
Nonstationarity of the electrical resistivity and soil moisture relationship in a heterogeneous soil system: a case study
Authors: Michot Didier , Thomas Zahra , Adam Issifou 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Understanding the role of vegetation in the interface between the atmosphere and groundwater is the most decisive key in analyzing the processes involved in water transfer. The main effect of vegetation is its root water uptake, which significantly modifies the processes involved in water transfer in the vadose zone. This paper focuses on mapping temporal and spatial changes in soil moisture using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The main objective is to assess how electrical resistivity (ER) is useful for mapping water distribution along a heterogeneous toposequence crossed by a hedgerow. Ten ERT were performed over the studied period for a 28 m long toposequence and compared to matric potential and groundwater level measurements. Soil volumetric water content (VWC) was predicted with two methods: (i) from ER using the Waxman and Smits model (ii) and from matric potential using an experimental retention curve fitted by a Van Genuchten model. Probability density functions (PDFs) of our set of data show that the largest change in mean ER and matric potential was observed in the topsoil layer. We then analyzed the consistency between ER and point measurements in this layer by extracting the arrays at the junction of ER grids and point measurements. PDFs of ER maps at each monitoring time (from T01 to T10) were also calculated to select the most contrasting distributions, corresponding to the wettest (T06) and driest states (T10). Results of ER were consistent with matric-potential measurements, with two different behaviors for locations inside and outside the root zone. A consistent correlation between VWC values from the Waxman and Smits model and those obtained from the retention curve was observed outside the root zone. The heterogeneous soil system inside the root zone shows a different pattern in this relationship. A shift in the relationship between ER and soil moisture for the locations outside and inside the root zone highlights the nonstationarity between wet and dry periods inside the root zone. The equivocal behavior of this relationship shows the limitation of using ER to predict soil moisture in a heterogeneous soil system. Such systems were actually related to the high hedgerow root density and also to a particular topographical context (ditch and bank) that is encountered in Brittany and throughout northwestern Europe.
Cristianos nuevos y cargos concejiles. Jurados conversos en Córdoba a fines del Medievo
Authors: Cabrera Sánchez Margarita 
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido el estudio prosopográfico de algunos cristianos nuevos que vivieron en Córdoba a finales del Medievo y que estuvieron vinculados al concejo de la ciudad ocupando el cargo de jurados, para lo cual se han consultado fuentes inquisitoriales y notariales. En la primera parte del trabajo, hemos planteado las limitaciones que presentan esas fuentes, así como las posibilidades que ofrecen estas últimas. En la segunda parte, se ha realizado el detallado análisis prosopográfico de siete jurados cordobeses. Todo ello nos ha permitido sacar a la luz numerosos datos hasta ahora inéditos sobre la trayectoria vital de estos últimos, que, desde el ejercicio de sus juraderías, lograron el deseado ascenso social. The purpose of this article is to present a prosopographical study of certain Conversos who lived in Córdoba at the end of the Middle Ages and were linked to the town council as jurados (aldermen). We have used Inquisition and notary records for this purpose. In the first part of our study we outline the limitations and the potential of this type of source. The second part of our study consists of a detailed prosopographical analysis of seven jurados of Córdoba. This allows us to shed new light on previously unknown data concerning the lives of these individuals who managed to climb the social ladder through the exercise of these council offices.
El tumbo de San Pedro de Montes como instrumento de recreación de la memoria institucional
Authors: Agúndez San Miguel Leticia 
Published: June 2016

Este artículo pretende indagar en las lógicas de producción del cartulario conocido como Tumbo de San Pedro de Montes para valorar su aportación como instrumento de recreación de la memoria institucional de este monasterio leonés. El análisis de las diferentes estrategias de selección y clasificación que guiaron la arquitectura de este códice diplomático constituye el método principal para la consecución de este propósito. Así, la identificación de los diferentes parámetros memoriales que articulan el discurso historiográfico propuesto en sus folios nos advierte de la existencia de diferentes etapas de recreación de la memoria monástica, de sus tiempos de referencia y de su utilidad variable para los propósitos proyectados con la confección de este cartulario. Un resultado que evidencia la necesaria atención de los investigadores a la materialidad del cartulario para el adecuado aprovechamiento de su contenido.This article aims to explore the logic of production of the cartulary known as the Tumbo of San Pedro de Montes in order to assess its contribution as an instrument for the reconstruction of the institutional memory of this monastery in the kingdom of Leon. The methodology used for this task consists of an analysis of the strategies of selection and classification that stablished the structure of this diplomatic codex. This will allow us to identify the different memory parameters that construct the historiographical discourse present within it. Hence, we can gauge the existence of various stages in the reconstruction of the monastery’s memory, of its time frame and of the various uses of the cartulary’s projected purpose. This study confirms the importance of the material dimension of this cartulary for the adequate use of its content by researchers.