bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Text length and short texts
Authors: Liimatta Aatu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Variation in text length is an unavoidable confounder in
quantitative text-analytic corpus-linguistic studies. Texts can be difficult
to compare across text lengths, particularly if many of them are short, due
to the difficulty of calculating meaningful frequencies for the lexical
items and linguistic features of interest. Traditionally, this has been less
of an issue, since texts in many of the genres typically studied in
linguistics have been relatively long. However, the rise of social media has
brought the issue to the forefront. In this chapter, I describe the problem
of text length and short texts together with a number of solutions and
workarounds to this and related problems.
Corpus genre categories
Authors: Ihrmark Daniel Ocic 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights genre categorizations as a
pitfall at the intersection of corpus linguistics and literature and
problematizes the use of the genre category from the perspectives afforded
by both fields. The intention is for the paper to argue for a more explicit
communication of our genre categorization practices, and by doing so suggest
ways of avoiding miscommunication and confusion due to the genre term being
understood differently within different disciplines and backgrounds. The
conclusion is that the wider categorizations used, such as
novel or short story, are likely to be
the most practical, and that studies wanting to sub-categorize further using
the genre term should instead apply it according to their specific needs
accompanied by explicit discussion of the implementation.
Second Harmonic Generation in Nanowires
Authors: Zhao 赵 Bi-Jun 璧君 , Zhao 赵 Jian-Lin 建林 , Gan 甘 Xue-Tao 雪涛 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) in optical materials serves as important techniques for laser source generations in awkward spectral ranges, physical identities of materials in crystalline symmetry and interfacial configuration. Here, we present a comprehensive review on SHGs in nanowires (NWs), which have been recognized as an important element in constructing photonic and optoelectronic devices with compact footprint and high quantum yield. Relying on NW’s one-dimensional geometry, its SHG could be employed as a sophisticated spectroscopy to determine the crystal phase and orientation, as well as the internal strain. The enhancements of SHG efficiency in NWs are discussed then, which were realized by hybrid integrating them with two-dimensional materials, nanophotonic and plasmonic structures. Finally, the potential applications of NW SHGs are concluded, including the areas of optical correlators and constructions of on-chip nano-laser sources.
Dust in high-redshift galaxies: reconciling UV attenuation and IR emission
Authors: Zhao Roy J. , Furlanetto Steven R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDust is a key component of galaxies, but its properties during the earliest eras of structure formation remain elusive. Here we present a simple semi-analytic model of the dust distribution in galaxies atz≳ 5. We calibrate the free parameters of this model to estimates of the UV attenuation (using the IRX-βrelation between infrared emission and the UV spectral slope) and to ALMA measurements of dust emission. We find that the observed dust emission requires that most of the dust expected in these galaxies is retained (assuming a similar yield to lower-redshift sources), but if the dust is spherically distributed, the modest attenuation requires that it be significantly more extended than the stars. Interestingly, the retention fraction is larger for less massive galaxies in our model. However, the required radius is a significant fraction of the host's virial radius and is larger than the estimated extent of dust emission from stacked high-zgalaxies. These can be reconciled if the dust is distributed anisotropically, with typical covering fractions of ∼ 0.2–0.7 in bright galaxies and ≲ 0.1 in fainter ones.
Hybrid bidirectional quantum communication with different levels of control with simulation
Authors: Saha Plaban , Kumar Mandal Manoj , Choudhury Binayak S , Samanta Soumen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a quantum communication protocol for the simultaneous preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit state at the positions of two different parties situated spatially apart. For one party, Alice, it is a remote state preparation of a known two-qubit state while for the other party, Bob, it is a joint remote state preparation with the help of a third party, Eve. The protocol is executed in a hybrid form bi-directionally in the presence of two controllers, Charlie and David. There is a hierarchy in the process through different levels of control under which the actions by Alice and Bob are performed. There is a need for a ten-qubit entangled channel connecting the five parties. The generation of this channel through a circuit is discussed. The protocol is executed on the IBM Quantum platform. We also study the effect of noise on our protocol. Here, amplitude-damping, bit-flip and phase-flip noisy environments are considered and the corresponding variations of fidelity are theoretically and numerically analyzed.
A novel MgHe compound under high pressure
Authors: Zhang 张 Jurong 车荣 , Chang 常 Lebin 乐斌 , Ji 纪 Suchen 苏宸 , Guo 郭 Lanci 兰慈 , Fu 付 Yuhao 钰豪 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Helium, with a full-shell electronic structure, is the most inert element in the periodic table at atmospheric pressure. The study of the reaction between helium and other non-noble-gas elements as well as relevant compounds has attracted great attention in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials and planetary science. In this study, we found a stable compound of MgHe with P63/mmc symmetry at pressures above 795 GPa within zero-point energy. Thermodynamic stability calculations of P63/mmc phase at high temperatures and pressures indicate that this structure may exist in the interior of the super-Earth and Neptune. Our further simulations on the electron localization function and Bader analysis show that the predicted compound is an electride with −1.093e in the quantized interstitial quasiatom (ISQ) orbitals, which are localized at interstitial sites in the crystal lattice. Our study provides a theoretical basis for studying the physical and chemical properties of MgHe and the existence of MgHe in gaseous planets.
CMIP6 near-term and long-term projections of Eurasian winter cooling trend and cold extremes
Authors: Xu Xinping , He Shengping , Zhou Botao , Sun Bo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is well-known that climate warming increases air temperature and reduces cold extremes in the long-term. But internal variability strongly modulates the variability of temperature at mid- and- high latitudes, for example, causing the remarkable cooling and severe winter weather over Eurasia from the 1990s to the early 2010s. It remains unclear whether the occurrence of Eurasian cooling and cold extremes will be offset by climate warming or stimulated by internal variability in the future. Based on the Sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project multi-model projections for 2015–2100, this study shows that the projected probability of Eurasian cooling trend decreases with increasing greenhouse gas concentration in the long-term (i.e. 2070–2099) from 14.8% under SSP126 to 0.9% under SSP585. In the near-term (i.e. 2021–2050), however, Eurasian cooling occurrences are less influenced by different emission scenarios. Coinciding with deep Arctic warming throughout the troposphere, the projected significant Eurasian cooling exhibits similar pattern and intensity among different scenarios. The similar trend towards tropospheric anticyclone over the Arctic among different scenarios in the near-term promotes the deep Arctic warming-Eurasian cooling trend through transporting warm (cold) air into the Arctic (mid-latitudes). Moreover, winter extreme cold anomalies (i.e. −3.0–−2.0 °C) and extreme cold days (i.e. 4–6 d) over the Eurasian continent are not sensitive to emission scenarios in the near-term. In the long-term, the accelerating climate warming under high-emission scenarios significantly reduces the frequency and intensity of Eurasian cold extremes compared to low-emission scenarios. Therefore, the occurrence of Eurasian cooling trend and cold extremes in the near-term will be dominated by internal influences (e.g. Ural blocking) and will rely more on the internal variability after the mid-century if carbon neutrality goal is achieved.
Free fermions, neutrality and modular transformations
Authors: Mulokwe Mbavhalelo , Zoubos Konstantinos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With a view towards higher-spin applications, we study the partition function of a free complex fermion in 2d conformal field theory, restricted to the neutral (zero fermion number) sector. This restriction leads to a partial theta function with a combinatoric interpretation in terms of Dyson’s crank of a partition. More crucially, this partition function can be expressed in terms of a q-hypergeometric function with quantum modular properties. This allows us to find its high-temperature asymptotics, including subleading terms which agree with, but also go beyond, what one obtains by imposing neutrality thermodynamically through a chemical potential. We evaluate the asymptotic density of states for this neutral partition function, including the first few subleading terms. Our results should be extendable to more fermions, as well as to higher-spin chemical potentials, which would be of relevance to the higher-spin/minimal model correspondence.
Properties of alkali activated masonry units incorporating Linz-Donawitz (LD) steel slag aggregates and Mangalore tile waste (MTW)
Authors: G S Gana , Pandit Poornachandra , Prashanth Shreelaxmi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The existing cement masonry units consume cement, natural resources and fuel making it less sustainable. The unrestrained utilization of natural resources and substantial production of industrial wastes has led to reuse and recycling for sustainable development. Among the prevailing industrial wastes, steel slags are presently dumped in landfills. Previous studies have utilized Linz Donawitz (LD) slag aggregates as a partial replacement for natural aggregates. On the other hand, the locally available Mangalore tile waste (MTW) was studied as a natural aggregate replacement. In the current investigation, the LD slag aggregates, and the MTW fine powder, aggregates were incorporated into the masonry system and accessed their fresh properties such as setting time, flow and hardened property -compressive strength, along with microstructural investigations. The masonry mixes indicated that the LD slag type 3 and M sand-based masonry unit exhibited higher compressive strength, around 40 MPa, and can be categorized as heavy-duty bricks according to IS 2180:1988.
Data analytics in ensemble learning for effective crop yield prediction
Authors: Tripathi Deeksha , Biswas Saroj K , Baruah Barnana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In agricultural research, Crop Yield Prediction (CYP) offers the best decision-making to assist farmers in agricultural yield forecasting efficiently. Most of the existing studies have not considered the exhaustive exploration of data analytics techniques in Machine Learning (ML) for CYP due to which the existing models have not given the optimal results. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of data analytics in Ensemble Learning (EL) techniques for more reliable and high-performance CYP models. This article proposes an expert system model, Blended Expert System for Crop Yield Prediction (BESCYP), designed to predict the precise crop yields for specific agricultural lands in the Assam state of India. The proposed BESCYP employs Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm to treat missing values, the Isolation Forest (IF) technique to analyze outliers, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to perform feature selection, Robust Scaling (RS) technique to perform data normalization and the Extra Tree (ET) for classification that overcome the variance and overfitting problem commonly associated with standard ML algorithms. The evaluation of the proposed BESCYP model has been performed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score on a dataset obtained from International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The proposed model is compared against different standard ML algorithms, EL algorithms and various existing models available in the literature, and the experimental results show that the proposed BESCYP model outperforms other models.
Local bootstrap for network data
Authors: Zu Tianhai , Qin Yichen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In network analysis, one frequently needs to conduct inference for network parameters based on a single observed network. Since the sampling distribution of the statistic is often unknown, one has to rely on the bootstrap. However, because of the complex dependence structure among vertices, existing bootstrap methods often yield unsatisfactory performance, especially for small or moderate sample sizes. Here we propose a new network bootstrap procedure, termed the local bootstrap, for estimating the standard errors of network statistics. The method involves resampling the observed vertices along with their neighbour sets, and then reconstructing the edges between the resampled vertices by drawing from the set of edges connecting their neighbour sets. We justify the proposed method theoretically with desirable asymptotic properties for statistics such as motif density, and demonstrate its excellent numerical performance for small and moderate sample sizes. Our approach encompasses several existing methods, such as the empirical graphon bootstrap, as special cases. We investigate the advantages of the proposed method over existing methods in terms of edge randomness, vertex heterogeneity and neighbour set size, which can help to shed light on the complex issue of network bootstrapping.
Unveiling the shadows: a qualitative exploration of barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in residential sectors
Authors: Mathew Tony C , Nagaraja Pandian Sridevi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the face of global climate change, the urgent shift towards renewable energy sources such as solar power is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering a sustainable future, presenting a universal challenge and opportunity for energy policy worldwide. India’s adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic is pivotal due to its vast solar potential, which aligns with national goals to increase renewable energy capacity, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve energy security. Kerala’s geographical location offers abundant solar potential, making it a prime candidate for the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems. Coupled with the state’s strong commitment to renewable energy initiatives such as the ambitious “SOURA” (solar subsidy program by the Kerala State Electricity Board) project and various incentives for solar adoption, Kerala stands at the forefront of India’s transition towards sustainable energy solutions. Understanding the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption in Kerala is crucial for tailoring effective policies and strategies that address specific hindrances from economic constraints to informational gaps. This study employs a qualitative research method to identify the barriers to rooftop solar photovoltaic adoption among households in Kerala. Through face-to-face interviews with a purposively selected sample of 52 households, the research aims to gain in-depth insights into the multifaceted challenges hindering the widespread adoption of solar energy in residential settings. The findings reveal several key barriers: financial barriers, informational barriers, technical barriers, regulatory barriers, social barriers, and psychological barriers. Sentiment analysis indicates that while there is a predominantly positive attitude towards solar photovoltaic adoption, there are significant concerns that still need to be addressed. Addressing these barriers with targeted policy interventions and public awareness campaigns could significantly enhance the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in Kerala.
Abnormal expression of natural mating behaviour of captive adult giant pandas is related to physiological stress
Authors: Wang Xueying , Yuan Bo , Huang He , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Yuliang , Hou Rong , Zhang Mingyue 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During ex situ conservation, the adaptability of giant pandas to environmental changes is greatly challenged. The issue of natural reproduction in captive giant pandas remains unresolved both domestically and internationally. It hypothesized that the restricted natural reproductive capacity may be linked to abnormal mating behavior expression due to physiological stress resulting from incompatible pairings in confined environments. To test this hypothesis, we utilized ultra-high performance liquid chromatographytandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) to analyse urine metabolites in captive adult giant pandas during their breeding period. Simultaneously, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of cortisol and epinephrine in urine, providing insight into the psychological state of captive giant pandas during mate selection by examining all metabolites and related biochemical pathways. This comprehensive approach aims to fully elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying the decline in natural reproductive capacity. The metabolomics findings indicate that the aberrant expression of natural mating behaviour in captive adult male and female giant pandas may be associated with dysfunction in amino acid metabolic pathways. The activation of these metabolic pathways is linked to psychological stress, such as the tryptophan metabolic pathway and GABAergic synapse pathway. The results of physiological indicators indicate a significant correlation between the expression of natural mating behaviour in captive adult pandas and the hormone urine cortisol, which is associated with physiological stress. These findings indicate that the atypical manifestation of natural mating behaviour in captive adult giant pandas may be associated with physiological stress induced by incompatible pairings within confined environments.
Novel Microbial Engraftment Trajectories Following Microbiota Transplant Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Moutsoglou Daphne , Syal Aneesh , Lopez Sharon , Nelson Elizabeth C , Chen Lulu , Kabage Amanda J , Fischer Monika , Khoruts Alexander , Vaughn Byron P , Staley Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Microbiota transplant therapy (MTT) is an emerging treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). One proposed mechanism for the benefit of MTT is through engraftment of donor microbiota; however, engraftment kinetics are unknown. We identified SourceTracker as an efficient method both to determine engraftment and for the kinetic study of engrafting donor taxa to aid in determining the mechanism of how this therapy may treat UC.

Methods
Ulcerative colitis patients received either encapsulated (drug name MTP-101C) or placebo capsules daily for 8 weeks followed by a 4-week washout period. Amplicon sequence data from donors and patients were analyzed using the Bayesian algorithm SourceTracker.

Results
Twenty-seven patients were enrolled, 14 to placebo and 13 to MTT. Baseline Shannon and Chao1 indices negatively correlated with week 12 donor engraftment for patients treated with active drug capsules but not for placebo patients. SourceTracker engraftment positively correlated with the week 12 distance from donors measured using the Bray–Curtis similarity metric in treated patients but not with placebo. Engraftment at week 12 was significantly higher in the MTT group than in the placebo group. We identified engrafting taxa from donors in our patients and quantified the proportion of donor similarity or engraftment during weeks 1 through 8 (active treatment) and week 12, 4 weeks after the last dose.

Conclusion
SourceTracker can be used as a simple and reliable method to quantify donor microbial community engraftment and donor taxa contribution in patients with UC and other inflammatory conditions treated with MTT.
Large left ventricular outflow tract mass in a young patient: uncommon presentation of a common disease! A case report
Authors: Goel Shivam , Ramakrishnan Pradeep , Variar Sreelal , Arava Sudheer Kumar , Agstam Sourabh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) predominantly involves the cardiac valves. Timely diagnosis and initiation of therapy significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Infective endocarditis presenting as a large left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) mass is an atypical manifestation that provides significant challenges to the treating team.

Case summary
A 19-year-young male presented with exertional shortness of breath, palpitations, and presyncope for 4 months with constitutional symptoms for the last 6 months. Two-dimensional echocardiogram showed a large LVOT mass arising from the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa causing dynamic severe aortic valve obstruction, moderate aortic regurgitation, and severe mitral regurgitation. He was managed on lines of IE and received intravenous antibiotics. In view of worsening heart failure and cardiogenic shock, he underwent mass excision, mechanical aortic valve replacement, and mitral valve repair. Histopathology confirmed it as vegetation. He was discharged and is doing well at 2-month follow-up.

Discussion
An atypical presentation of IE as a large LVOT mass was observed in this young male. Sound clinical judgement, judicious use of ancillary imaging, and a multidisciplinary approach ensured timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Management included appropriate intravenous antibiotics followed by surgery.
The reduction of the productivity burden of cardiovascular disease by improving the risk factor control Among Australians with type 2 diabetes: a 10-year dynamic analysis
Authors: Abushanab Dina , Al-Badriyeh Daoud , Marquina Clara , Morton Jedidiah I , Lloyd Melanie , Zomer Ella , Talic Stella , Liew Danny , Ademi Zanfina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
To quantify the productivity burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes and the potential benefits of improved CVD risk factor control.

Methods and results
We designed models to quantify the productivity burden (using the productivity-adjusted life-year; PALY) of CVD in Australians with type 2 diabetes aged 40–69 years from 2023–2032. PALYs were ascribed a financial value equivalent to gross domestic product (GDP) per full-time worker (AU$204 167 (€124 542)). The base-case model was designed to quantify the productivity burden of CVD in the target population. Then, other hypothetical scenarios were simulated to estimate the potential productivity gains resulting from improved control of risk factors. These scenarios included reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP), number of smokers, total cholesterol, and incidence of type 2 diabetes. All future costs and outcomes were discounted at an annual rate of 5%. In the base-case (i.e. current projections), the estimated total PALYs lost due to CVD in type 2 diabetes were 1.21 million [95%CI (1.10–1.29 million)], contributing to an AU$258.93 (€157.94) billion [95%CI (AU$258.73–261.69 (€157.83–159.63) billion)] lost in the country’s GDP. If there were reductions in SBP, number of smokers, total cholesterol, and incidence of type 2 diabetes, there would be gains of 7,889, 28,971, 7,117, and 320 124 PALYs, respectively. These improvements would also lead to economic gains of AU$1.72 (€1.05) billion, AU$6.21 (€3.79) billion, AU$1.55 billion (€947.33 million), and AU$68.34 (€41.69) billion, respectively.

Conclusion
Targeted ‘early lifestyle’ strategies that can prevent CVD in Australians with type 2 diabetes are likely to positively impact Australian health and work productivity.