bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on cognitive control functions, mental activity of the prefrontal cortex and stress reactivity in elderly adults with subjective memory impairment – a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Beck Stefanie M. , Ruge Hannes , Schindler Christoph , Burkart Martin , Miller Robert , Kirschbaum Clemens , Goschke Thomas 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveCognitive control as well as stress reactivity is assumed to depend on prefrontal dopamine and decline with age. Because Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761® increases prefrontal dopamine in animals, we assessed its effects on cognitive functions related to prefrontal dopamine.MethodsEffects of 240‐mg EGb761® daily on task‐set‐switching, response‐inhibition, delayed response, prospective‐memory, task‐related fMRI‐BOLD‐signals and the Trier Social Stress‐Test were explored in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind pilot‐trial in 61 elderly volunteers with subjective memory impairment.ResultsBaseline‐fMRI‐data showed BOLD‐responses in regions commonly activated by the specific tasks. Task‐switch‐costs decreased with EGb761® compared to placebo (ANOVA‐interaction: Group × Time × Switch‐Costs p = 0.018, multiple tests uncorrected), indicating improved cognitive flexibility. Go–NoGo‐task reaction‐times corrected for error‐rates indicated a trend for improved response inhibition. No treatment effects were found for the delayed response and prospective‐memory tasks and fMRI‐data. A non‐significant trend indicated a potentially accelerated endocrine stress‐recovery. EGb761® was safe and well tolerated.ConclusionWe observed indications for improved cognitive flexibility without changes in brain activation, suggesting increased processing efficiency with EGb761®. Together with a trend for improved response inhibition results are compatible with mild enhancement of prefrontal dopamine. These conclusions on potential beneficial effect of EGb761® on prefrontal dopaminergic functions should be confirmed by direct measurements. © 2016 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust and stimuli‐responsive POSS hybrid PDMAEMA hydrogels for controlled drug release
Authors: Chen Yi , Zeng Guangsheng , Liu Wenyong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrid hydrogels were desinged and fabricated by introducing cationic octa‐ammonium (Oa)‐POSS) into chemically cross‐linked cationic PDMAEMA hydrogels via in situ radical freezing polymerization. The prepared gels (shorten as OP‐PD gels) show considerably improved properties through the effective incorporation and dispersion of Oa‐POSS particles in gels. Comparing to the Oa‐POSS‐free gels, the hybrid gels own better mechanical properties with higher tensile and compressive strength. Meantime, except the decreased swelling ratio in acid condition, the OP‐PD gels still keep excellent swelling ability with obvious pH and temperature double responsiveness, which is affected by the content of Oa‐POSS slightly. All OP‐PD gels exhibit an ultrarapid deswelling rate due to the interconnected micropores structure caused by freezing and the formation of microhydrophobic region around POSS particles. Moreover, the application potential of OP‐PD gels in drug release was exploited by using flutamide as target drug, the result showed that the increased Oa‐POSS could improve the drug loading ability, and OP‐PD gels showed well controlled‐release effect in simulated human stomachic condition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2345–2355, 2016.
Design and optimization of a novel bio‐loom to weave melt‐spun absorbable polymers for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Gilmore Jordon , Burg Timothy , Groff Richard E. , Burg Karen J. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBone graft procedures are currently among the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide, but due to high risk of complication and lack of viable donor tissue, there exists a need to develop alternatives for bone defect healing. Tissue engineering, for example, combining biocompatible scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells to achieve new bone growth, is a possible solution. Recent work has highlighted the potential for woven polymer meshes to serve as bone tissue engineering scaffolds; since, scaffolds can be iteratively designed by adjusting weave settings, material types, and mesh parameters. However, there are a number of material and system challenges preventing the implementation of such a tissue engineering strategy. Fiber compliance, tensile strength, brittleness, cross‐sectional geometry, and size present specific challenges for using traditional textile weaving methods. In the current work, two potential scaffold materials, melt‐spun poly‐l‐lactide, and poly‐l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone, were investigated. An automated bio‐loom was engineered and built to weave these materials. The bio‐loom was used to successfully demonstrate the weaving of these difficult‐to‐handle fiber types into various mesh configurations and material combinations. The dobby‐loom design, adapted with an air jet weft placement system, warp tension control system, and automated collection spool, provides minimal damage to the polymer fibers while overcoming the physical constraints presented by the inherent material structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1342–1351, 2017.
Antiangiogenic 1‐Aryl‐3‐[3‐(thieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐7‐ylthio)phenyl]ureas Inhibit MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Through PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk Pathways
Authors: Machado Vera A. , Peixoto Daniela , Queiroz Maria João , Soares Raquel 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and possible molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative properties of the antiangiogenic 1‐aryl‐3‐[3‐(thieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐7‐ylthio)phenyl]ureas 1a–e, prepared earlier by us, on two human breast cancer cell lines of distinct histological types: hormone‐dependent MCF‐7 (ER positive), and hormone independent MDA‐MB‐231 (ER/PR/HER2 negative), this latter being the most aggressive and difficult to treat. Our findings clearly demonstrated that compounds 1a–e suppress breast cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and colony formation at very low concentrations, not showing cytotoxicity in normal human mammary cells (MCF‐10A). TUNEL assay demonstrated that compounds 1a–e induced apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231, but not in MCF‐7 at the concentrations tested. PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk cell signaling pathways were investigated using Western blot analysis, revealing that these compounds decrease their activity in both breast cancer cell lines. Compounds 1b (R2 = F), 1c (R2 = Me), and 1e (R1 = Cl, R2 = CF3) were the most effective particularly in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Overall, 1c and 1e compounds are the most promising antitumor compounds. These findings, together with the antiangiogenic activity previously described by us, render these compounds a relevant breakthrough for cancer therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2791–2799, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth Arrest‐Specific 6 (GAS6) Promotes Prostate Cancer Survival by G1 Arrest/S Phase Delay and Inhibition of Apoptosis During Chemotherapy in Bone Marrow
Authors: Lee Eunsohl , Decker Ann M. , Cackowski Frank C. , Kana Lulia A. , Yumoto Kenji , Jung Younghun , Wang Jingcheng , Buttitta Laura , Morgan Todd M. , Taichman Russell S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTProstate cancer (PCa) is known to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Growth arrest‐specific 6 (GAS6), plays a role in tumor progression by regulating growth in many cancers. Here, we explored how GAS6 regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis of PCa cells in response to chemotherapy. We found that GAS6 is sufficient to significantly increase the fraction of cells in G1 and the duration of phase in PCa cells. Importantly, the effect of GAS6 on G1 is potentiated during docetaxel chemotherapy. GAS6 altered the levels of several key cell cycle regulators, including the downregulation of Cyclin B1 (G2/M phase), CDC25A, Cyclin E1, and CDK2 (S phase entry), while the upregulation of cell cycle inhibitors p27 and p21, Cyclin D1, and CDK4. Importantly, these changes became further accentuated during docetaxel treatment in the presence of GAS6. Moreover, GAS6 alters the apoptotic response of PCa cells during docetaxel chemotherapy. Docetaxel induced PCa cell apoptosis is efficiently suppressed in PCa cell culture in the presence of GAS6 or GAS6 secreted from co‐cultured osteoblasts. Similarly, the GAS6‐expressing bone environment protects PCa cells from apoptosis within primary tumors in vivo studies. Docetaxel induced significant levels of Caspase‐3 and PARP cleavage in PCa cells, while GAS6 protected PCa cells from docetaxel‐induced apoptotic signaling. Together, these data suggest that GAS6, expressed by osteoblasts in the bone marrow, plays a significant role in the regulation of PCa cell survival during chemotherapy, which will have important implications for targeting metastatic disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2815–2824, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic Properties and Human Use Characteristics of an FDA‐Approved Intranasal Naloxone Product for the Treatment of Opioid Overdose
Authors: Krieter Philip , Chiang Nora , Gyaw Shwe , Skolnick Phil , Crystal Roger , Keegan Fintan , Aker Julie , Beck Melissa , Harris Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

AbstractParenteral naloxone has been approved to treat opiate overdose for over 4 decades. Intranasal naloxone, administered “off label” using improvised devices, has been widely used by both first responders and the lay public to treat overdose. However, these improvised devices require training for effective use, and the recommended volumes (2 to 4 mL) exceed those considered optimum for intranasal administration. The present study compared the pharmacokinetic properties of intranasal naloxone (2 to 8 mg) delivered in low volumes (0.1 to 0.2 mL) using an Aptar Unit‐Dose device to an approved (0.4 mg) intramuscular dose. A parallel study assessed the ease of use of this device in a simulated overdose situation. All doses of intranasal naloxone resulted in plasma concentrations and areas under the curve greater than those observed following the intramuscular dose; the time to reach maximum plasma concentrations was not different following intranasal and intramuscular administration. Plasma concentrations of naloxone were dose proportional between 2 and 8 mg and independent of whether drug was administered to 1 or both nostrils. In a study using individuals representative of the general population, >90% were able to perform both critical tasks (inserting nozzle into a nostril and pressing plunger) needed to deliver a simulated dose of naloxone without prior training. Based on both pharmacokinetic and human use studies, a 4‐mg dose delivered in a single device (0.1 mL) was selected as the final product. This product can be used by first responders and the lay public, providing an important and potentially life‐saving intervention for victims of an opioid overdose.
Comparison of multislice breath‐hold and 3D respiratory triggered T1ρ imaging of liver in healthy volunteers and liver cirrhosis patients in 3.0 T MRI
Authors: Yang Qihua , Yu Taihui , Yun Su , Zhang Hui , Chen Xiaodong , Cheng Ziliang , Zhong Jinglian , Huang Jingwen , Okuaki Tomoyuki , Chan Queenie , Liang Biling , Guo Hua 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo compare visual quality and quantitative measurements of multislice (MS) breath‐hold and 3D respiratory‐triggered T1ρ sequences.Materials and MethodsT1ρ scans including MS BLOCK T1ρ, MS HS8 T1ρ, and 3D BLOCK T1ρ were performed on 40 healthy volunteers and 17 liver cirrhosis patients on 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MS breath‐hold methods scanned three slices while the 3D method covered 26 slices. Visual scores of image quality, T1ρ measurements of the three sequences, and T1ρ values of healthy volunteers and cirrhosis patients were compared using parametric tests.ResultsAverage visual scores for volunteers and patients of the three sequences were 3.19 and 2.82 for MS BLOCK T1ρ; 3.71 and 3.59 for MS HS8 T1ρ; 3.29 and 3.59 for 3D BLOCK T1ρ, respectively. Difference of visual scores among the three groups was significant (P < 0.001). Differences in T1ρ values among the three methods were significant (P < 0.001). Difference of T1ρ between MS BLOCK T1ρ and 3D BLOCK T1ρ was not significant (volunteer: P = 0.82, patient: 0.92) while the difference of T1ρ between MS BLOCK T1ρ and MS HS8 T1ρ, MS HS8 T1ρ and 3D BLOCK T1ρ was significant in both volunteers and patients (P < 0.01). Differences of T1ρ between healthy volunteers and patients were all significant in three T1ρ sequences (P = 0.04, 0.004, 0.03).ConclusionOf the tested sequences, the image quality of MS HS8 T1ρ was best, but 3D BLOCK T1ρ with respiratory triggering should also be considered as an alternative sequence for clinical diagnosis of liver cirrhosis due to its superior coverage. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:906–913.
Preoperative gait mechanics predict clinical response to total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Foucher Kharma C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSome patients do not have an adequate clinical response to total hip arthroplasty (THA) for reasons that are not fully understood. Identifying modifiable factors that are associated with nonresponse could lead to new ways to identify and treat potential nonresponders. This study investigated whether any preoperative gait characteristics were associated with THA clinical response, and whether or not there were corresponding postoperative gait differences in THA nonresponders compared to responders. A secondary analysis was conducted of 124 subjects (age 61 ± 10 years; 64 female/60 male), evaluated before and 1 year after primary unilateral THA, using quantitative gait analysis and Harris Hip Scores (HHS). Responders and nonresponders were identified using the OMERACT‐OARSI responder criteria, modified for use with the HHS. Pre‐ and postoperative dynamic sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) and 3D peak external moments were compared, for responders and nonresponders, using t‐tests and logistic regression. 11.3% of subjects were nonresponders. Before surgery, the ROM was 26% higher for nonresponders than responders, but the peak external rotation moment was 30% lower (p = 0.003–0.043). Preoperative gait and HHS predicted response with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 99.1%. There were persistent postoperative deficits in the peak external rotation moment in nonresponders compared to responders (p = 0.028). This study showed that gait analysis, where available, can augment clinical scores in predicting THA response. Moreover, it suggests that further analysis of the subtle role of transverse plane hip mechanics could lead to interventions to promote better THA response. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:366–376, 2017.
Controls on the sources and cycling of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Changjiang and Huanghe River estuaries, China: 14C and 13C studies
Authors: Wang Xuchen , Luo Chunle , Ge Tiantian , Xu Caili , Xue Yuejun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Huanghe (Yellow River) are the two largest rivers in China, and they transport large amounts of terrestrial carbon to the coastal waters of the East China Sea and the Bohai Sea. The sources and cycling of riverine carbon in these two large river estuaries, however, have not been well studied. In this article, we present the results of dual isotope (Δ14C and δ13C) measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) collected in the low reaches of the Changjiang and Huanghe and their estuaries during two cruises in 2014. Our results indicate that both the Changjiang and Huanghe carry very high concentrations of DIC ranging from 1384 μmol kg−1 to 1732 μmol kg−1 and 2711 μmol kg−1 to 4120 μmol kg−1, respectively, and DIC levels varied with flow rates during high and low discharge periods. The cycling of DIC exhibited conservative behavior in both the Changjiang and Huanghe estuaries, suggesting DIC levels were controlled mainly by physical mixing processes.Δ14C‐DIC values indicate that the Changjiang and Huanghe transport aged DIC (1060–1380 yr old). Both Δ14C‐DIC and δ13C‐DIC values also showed conservative mixing in the two estuaries. Using a dual carbon isotopic model, we calculated that atmospheric CO2 consumed mainly by silicate weathering was a major source, contributing 65.2 ± 9.0% and 73.4 ± 3.0% of DIC in the Changjiang and Huanghe, and 96.9–97.7% (by air‐sea exchange) of DIC in the coastal waters of the East China Sea (ECS) and Bohai Sea, respectively. Our results indicate that carbonate dissolution was an important (12.3–17.4%) but not major process controlling the high DIC levels in both rivers, as suggested previously. Compared with the large Amazon River, respiration of riverine organic matter (OM) played a less important role, contributing only 15.4–17.2% of DIC in the two Asian rivers. Flux calculations indicate that the Changjiang and Huanghe discharged 1.46 × 1013 g and 6.28 × 1011 g DIC into the ECS and Bohai Sea in 2014, which were 9 and 17 times higher than the DOC fluxes in the two rivers. These large fluxes of riverine DIC, especially of aged DIC, could have significant impacts on primary production and carbon cycling in the ECS and Bohai Sea.
A mosquito sperm's journey from male ejaculate to egg: Mechanisms, molecules, and methods for exploration
Authors: Degner Ethan C. , Harrington Laura C. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThe fate of mosquito sperm in the female reproductive tract has been addressed sporadically and incompletely, resulting in significant gaps in our understanding of sperm‐female interactions that ultimately lead to fertilization. As with other Diptera, mosquito sperm have a complex journey to their ultimate destination, the egg. After copulation, sperm spend a short time at the site of insemination where they are hyperactivated and quickly congregate near the entrance of the spermathecal ducts. Within minutes, they travel up the narrow ducts to the spermathecae, likely through the combined efforts of female transport and sperm locomotion. The female nourishes sperm and maintains them in these permanent storage organs for her entire life. When she is ready, the female coordinates the release of sperm with ovulation, and the descending egg is fertilized. Although this process has been well studied via microscopy, many questions remain regarding the molecular processes that coordinate sperm motility, movement through the reproductive tract, maintenance, and usage. In this review, we describe the current understanding of a mosquito sperm's journey to the egg, highlighting gaps in our knowledge of mosquito reproductive biology. Where insufficient information is available in mosquitoes, we describe analogous processes in other organisms, such asDrosophila melanogaster, as a basis for comparison, and we suggest future areas of research that will illuminate how sperm successfully traverse the female reproductive tract. Such studies may yield molecular targets that could be manipulated to control populations of vector species.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 897–911, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Molecular Reproduction and Development Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On bounded approximations of periodicity for computational homogenization of Stokes flow in porous media
Authors: Sandström Carl , Larsson Fredrik 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBy separation of scales and the homogenization of a flow through porous media, a two‐scale problem arises where a Darcy‐type flow is present on the macroscale and a Stokes flow on the subscale. In this paper, the problem is given as the minimization of a potential. Additional constraints imposing periodicity in a weak sense are added using Lagrange multipliers. In particular, the upper and lower energy bounds for the corresponding strongly periodic problem are produced, quantifying the accuracy of the weakly periodic boundary conditions. A numerical example demonstrates the evaluation of energy bounds and the performance of weakly periodic boundary conditions on a representative volume element. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Methods for using clinical laboratory test results as baseline confounders in multi‐site observational database studies when missing data are expected
Authors: Raebel Marsha A. , Shetterly Susan , Lu Christine Y. , Flory James , Gagne Joshua J. , Harrell Frank E. , Haynes Kevin , Herrinton Lisa J. , Patorno Elisabetta , Popovic Jennifer , Selvan Mano , Shoaibi Azadeh , Wang Xingmei , Roy Jason 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeOur purpose was to quantify missing baseline laboratory results, assess predictors of missingness, and examine performance of missing data methods.MethodsUsing the Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database from three sites, we selected three exposure–outcome scenarios with laboratory results as baseline confounders. We compared hazard ratios (HRs) or risk differences (RDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from models that omitted laboratory results, included only available results (complete cases), and included results after applying missing data methods (multiple imputation [MI] regression, MI predictive mean matching [PMM] indicator).ResultsScenario 1 considered glucose among second‐generation antipsychotic users and diabetes. Across sites, glucose was available for 27.7–58.9%. Results differed between complete case and missing data models (e.g., olanzapine: HR 0.92 [CI 0.73, 1.12] vs 1.02 [0.90, 1.16]). Across‐site models employing different MI approaches provided similar HR and CI; site‐specific models provided differing estimates. Scenario 2 evaluated creatinine among individuals starting high versus low dose lisinopril and hyperkalemia. Creatinine availability: 44.5–79.0%. Results differed between complete case and missing data models (e.g., HR 0.84 [CI 0.77, 0.92] vs. 0.88 [0.83, 0.94]). HR and CI were identical across MI methods. Scenario 3 examined international normalized ratio (INR) among warfarin users starting interacting versus noninteracting antimicrobials and bleeding. INR availability: 20.0–92.9%. Results differed between ignoring INR versus including INR using missing data methods (e.g., RD 0.05 [CI −0.03, 0.13] vs 0.09 [0.00, 0.18]). Indicator and PMM methods gave similar estimates.ConclusionMulti‐site studies must consider site variability in missing data. Different missing data methods performed similarly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.