bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the effect of demographic traits and connectivity on the genetic structuration of marine metapopulations of sedentary benthic invertebrates
Authors: Padrón Mariana , Guizien Katell 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAccounting for connectivity is essential in marine spatial planning and the proper design and management of marine protected areas, given that their effectiveness depends on the patterns of dispersal and colonization between protected and non-protected areas. The genetic structure of populations is commonly used to infer connectivity among distant populations. Here, we explore how population genetic structure is affected by pre- and settlement limitations with a spatially explicit coupled metapopulation-gene flow model that simulates the effect of demographic fluctuations on the allele frequencies of a set of populations. We show that in closed populations, regardless of population growth rate, the maintenance of genetic diversity at saturating initial population density increases with species life expectancy as a result of density-dependent recruitment control. Correlatively, at low initial population density, the time at which a population begins to lose its genetic diversity is driven larval and post-settlement mortality (comprised in the recruitment success parameter)—the larger the recruitment success, the stronger the genetic drift. Different spatial structures of connectivity established for soft bottom benthic invertebrates in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean, France) lead to very different results in the spatial patterns of genetic structuration of the metapopulation, with high genetic drift in sites where the local retention rate was larger than 2%. The effect of recruitment failure and the loss of key source populations on heterozygosity confirm that transient demographic fluctuations help maintain genetic diversity in a metapopulation. This study highlights the role of intraspecific settlement limitations due to lack of space when the effective number of breeders approaches saturating capacity, causing a strong reduction in effective reproduction. The present model allows to: (i) disentangle the relative contribution of local demography and environmental connectivity in shaping seascape genetics, and (ii) perform in silico evaluations of different scenarios for marine spatial planning.
National Identity, Nationalism, and the Catholic Church
Authors: Grosby Steven 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This essay examines the relation of the religious universalism of the Catholic Church to nationality, patriotism, and the ideology of nationalism. In the abstract, one expects there to be a tension between monotheism and the existence of nations. However, the teachings of the Church are, in fact, remarkably nuanced, recognizing a natural, legitimate attachment to one’s fatherland or motherland. During the examination, problems of the point of departure and scope of the analysis are taken up, as well as historical examples such as the Kulturkampf and the Church’s principle of subsidiarity, including the bearing on the latter on corporate personality and the development of the individual’s image of the self.
Designing fecal microbiota transplant trials that account for differences in donor stool efficacy
Authors: Olesen Scott W. , Gurry Thomas , Alm Eric J. 
Published: July 2016

1AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective intervention for patients suffering from recurrentClostridium difficile, a common hospital-acquired infection. FMT’s success as a therapy forC. difficilehas inspired interest in performing clinical trials that experiment with FMT as a therapy for other conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. Results from clinical trials that use FMT to treat inflammatory bowel disease suggest that, for at least one condition beyondC. difficile, most FMT donors produce stool that is not efficacious. The optimal strategies for identifying and using efficacious donors have not been investigated. We therefore examined the optimal Bayesian response-adaptive strategy for allocating patients to donors and formulated a computationally-tractable myopic heuristic. This heuristic computes the probability that a donor is efficacious by updating prior expectations about the efficacy of FMT, the placebo rate, and the fraction of donors that produce efficacious stool. In simulations designed to mimic a recent FMT clinical trial, for which traditional power calculations predict ~100% statistical power, we found that accounting for differences in donor stool efficacy reduced the predicted statistical power to ~9%. For these simulations, using the heuristic Bayesian allocation strategy more than quadrupled the statistical power to ~39%. We use the results of similar simulations to make recommendations about the number of patients, number of donors, and choice of clinical endpoint that clinical trials should use to optimize their ability to detect if FMT is effective for treating a condition.
Perturbation-response genes reveal signaling footprints in cancer gene expression
Authors: Schubert Michael , Klinger Bertram , Klünemann Martina , Garnett Mathew J , Blüthgen Nils , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAberrant cell signaling is known to cause cancer and many other diseases, as well as a focus of treatment. A common approach is to infer its activity on the level of pathways using gene expression. However, mapping gene expression to pathway components disregards the effect of post-translational modifications, and downstream signatures represent very specific experimental conditions. Here we present PROGENy, a method that overcomes both limitations by leveraging a large compendium of publicly available perturbation experiments to yield a common core of Pathway RespOnsive GENes. Unlike existing methods, PROGENy can (i) recover the effect of known driver mutations, (ii) provide or improve strong markers for drug indications, and (iii) distinguish between oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways for patient survival. Collectively, these results show that PROGENy more accurately infers pathway activity from gene expression than other methods.
Evolution of passwords for cost-free honest signalling between symbionts and hosts
Authors: Archetti Marco , Miller J. Benjamin , Yu Douglas W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHonest communication between potential partners with conflicting interests is generally thought to require costly signals. Costly signalling can explain partner choice when it is possible to link a strategic cost to an individual’s quality, like in mate choice. However, in mutualisms, it is usually impossible to link a cost to the likelihood that a potential partner will behave cooperatively in the future. In fact, signals like Nod factors in rhizobial bacteria, which form symbioses with leguminous plants, are evidence of cost-free, honest signals in situations of potential conflict. How can such a signalling system evolve? We use a population-genetics model to show that a cost-free, honest signal can evolve when the receiver is undersoft selection, which is when high juvenile mortality does not lead to a corresponding reduction in fitness, a common occurrence in many species. Under soft selection, senders evolve increasingly complex messages of identity, a system akin to a password or a lock and key. Thus, a symbiont can signal that it shares a coevolutionary history with a potential host, and if that history is mutualistic, then the host can believe that the symbiont is mutualistic. Password signalling might also explain the acquisition of some defensive symbionts and the evolution of complex species-recognition signals in mate choice.“…Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth: for he could not frame to pronounce it right. Then they took him, and slew him….” — Judges 12:6, King James Version
Procedural justice and frontline policing: the effects of the police complaints system
Authors: Galovic Sally , Birch Philip , Vickers Margaret H. , Kennedy Michael 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present results from a qualitative study exploring the complaints system within New South Wales Police Force in Australia. The stories shared illustrate the impact of the complaints system on officers currently serving in this force. The study reveals how the complaints system impacts on both the working conditions and workplace environment of police officers, as well as impacting on the professional relationships amongst each other.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is qualitative in design, in which in-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 14 rank and file police officers. The qualitative analysis draws upon a thematic approach and a direct reference to police officer comments and perspectives are illustrated and used to inform the framework of the discussion and implications for further research in this area.

Findings
– The findings yield three central themes – “police perceptions of accountability”; “the complaints tool – a question of intra institutional justice”; and “performance impact”. These are discussed in direct relation to what police officers revealed about their experiences and thoughts on the current complaints process in New South Wales.

Practical implications
– To review the complaints process in order to develop a more transparent process; to recognise the critiques of the complaints process, both by the general public and police officers, as valuable information to be used to inform improving the process; to consider restorative justice practices employed by other police forces as a means of finalising some complaint processes; to develop a more swift complaints process with more timely conclusions in order to minimise long-term issues such as sustained sick leave.

Originality/value
– This paper examines the link between accountability and performance, and the unintended consequences the complaints process has on police officers at work. This examination is conducted by drawing on current rank and file police officers lived experiences.
The role of performance measurement in developing industrial services
Authors: Pekkola Sanna , Saunila Minna , Ukko Juhani , Rantala Tero 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine inter-organisational cooperation in delivering maintenance services, focusing on the level of maturity of this cooperation and the current role of performance measurement in evaluating its effectiveness. It also determines how performance measurement should be developed to support the needs of networked maintenance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The empirical evidence is based on two cases of networks operating in the field of industrial maintenance. The first network operates in the energy industry, while the second operates in the mining industry. Both networks consist of machine supplier companies, performance partner companies and system supplier companies. A total of seven companies participated in workshops and interviews in 2013-2014.

Findings
– As a result of the study, suggestions for improving the performance measurement of service value in maintenance are presented and a framework is offered that meets the needs of the customer, service provider and equipment provider. The significant innovation of the research is its combination of network, service and value perspectives in performance measurement by presenting a framework for measuring created value of cooperation.

Originality/value
– The literature calls for new measurement models and frameworks that support the new management challenges. This research creates a framework for practical applications. The framework helps to identify possible development needs and increases the understanding of what is required when cooperation in a maintenance network deepens, moving from machine partner towards value partner.
The impact of “distance” on multinational enterprise subsidiary capabilities
Authors: Verbeke Alain , Yuan Wenlong 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate how multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiary capabilities are influenced by the firm-specific advantages (FSAs) of the parent company, as well as by cultural and geographic distance between the home and host country.Design/methodology/approachThis paper assesses how the effects of the parent FSAs, cultural distance and geographic distance on subsidiary capabilities vary for different value-chain activities, with an empirical application to 60 foreign subsidiaries operating in Canada.FindingsThis paper uncovers distinct, three-way interaction effects among parent-level FSAs, cultural distance and geographic distance for upstream versus downstream activities in the value chain.Originality/valueWe find that in special cases, high levels of distance can be positive for MNEs, in terms of driving the creation of stronger subsidiary capabilities.
Do corporate bond recovery rates monitored by corporate governance mechanisms?
Authors: Mili Mehdi , Abid Sami 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and firms’ bond recovery rates (RRs). The authors hypothesize that governance features impact RRs by controlling agency costs that result from conflicts between bondholders and shareholders. The authors also test the relationship between CG and RRs during the last crisis.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a generalized method of moments regression model to test the relationship between CG and firms’ bond RRs. The authors employ a direct measure of recoveries rates from Moody’s ultimate recovery database covering the period from 2003 to 2012. Both firm-level CG and country-level variables are used to examine the determinants of corporate bonds RRs.Findings– The results support a significant impact of CG mechanisms on bond RRs mainly during crisis period. The authors find that firms operating with CEO-Duality decrease their bond RRs during financial crisis. This implies wealth transfers from bondholders to shareholders and provides one explanation why some firms operate with weak governance.Originality/value– This paper provides the first direct evidence that corporate bond RRs are directly related to CG mechanisms. The authors combine firm-level CG and country-level variables to examine the determinants of corporate bonds RRs. Earlier studies focussed on financial firm-level data and macro-economic variables. The authors also test the impact of board composition and ownership structure on bond recoveries.
Impact of Massachusetts Health Reform on Enrollment Length and Health Care Utilization in the Unsubsidized Individual Market
Authors: Garabedian Laura F. , Ross‐Degnan Dennis , Soumerai Stephen B. , Choudhry Niteesh K. , Brown Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform, the model for the Affordable Care Act, on short‐term enrollment and utilization in the unsubsidized individual health insurance market.Data SourceSeven years of administrative and claims data from Harvard Pilgrim Health Care.Research DesignWe employed pre‐post survival analysis and an interrupted time series design to examine changes in enrollment length, utilization patterns, and use of elective procedures (discretionary inpatient surgeries and infertility treatment) among nonelderly adult enrollees before (n = 6,912) and after (n = 29,207) theMAreform.Principal FindingsThe probability of short‐term enrollment dropped immediately after the reform. Rates of inpatient encounters (HR = 0.83, 95 percentCI: 0.74, 0.93), emergency department encounters (HR = 0.85, 95 percentCI: 0.80, 0.91), and discretionary inpatient surgeries (HR = 0.66 95 percentCI: 0.45, 0.97) were lower in the postreform period, whereas the rate of ambulatory visits was somewhat higher (HR = 1.04, 95 percentCI: 1.00, 1.07). The rate of infertility treatment was higher after the reform (HR = 1.61, 95 percentCI: 1.33, 1.97), driven by women in individual (vs. family) plans. The reform was not associated with increased utilization among short‐term enrollees.ConclusionsMAhealth reform was associated with a decrease in short‐term enrollment and changes in utilization patterns indicative of reduced adverse selection in the unsubsidized individual market. Adverse selection may be a problem for specific, high‐cost treatments.
Leprae reaction resembling rheumatologic disease as presenting feature of leprosy
Authors: Baharuddin Hazlyna , Taib Tarita , Zain Mollyza Mohd , Ch'ng Shereen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLeprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae with predominant involvement of skin and nerves. We present a 70‐year‐old man with leprosy whose initial presentation resembled rheumatologic disease, due to leprae reaction. He presented with an 8‐week history of worsening neuropathic pain in the right forearm, associated with necrotic skin lesions on his fingers that had ulcerated. Physical examination revealed two tender necrotic ulcers at the tip of the right middle finger and the dorsal aspect of the left middle finger. The patient had right wrist tenosynovitis and right elbow bursitis. Apart from raised inflammatory markers, the investigations for infection, connective tissue disease, vasculitis, thromboembolic disease and malignancy were negative. During the fourth week of hospitalization, we noticed a 2‐cm hypoesthetic indurated plaque on the right inner arm. Further examination revealed thickened bilateral ulnar, radial and popliteal nerves. A slit skin smear was negative. Two skin biopsies and a biopsy of the olecranon bursa revealed granulomatous inflammation. He was diagnosed with paucibacillary leprosy with neuritis. He responded well to multidrug therapy and prednisolone; his symptoms resolved over a few weeks. This case illustrates the challenges in diagnosing a case of leprosy with atypical presentation in a non‐endemic country.
Passive anterior tibial translation in women with and without joint hypermobility: an exploratory study
Authors: Stettler Matthias , Luder Gere , Schmid Stefan , Mueller Mebes Christine , Stutz Ursula , Ziswiler Hans‐Rudolf , Radlinger Lorenz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimGeneralized joint hypermobility (GJH) is a frequent entity, which is still not fully understood. Symptoms associated with GJH are musculoskeletal disorders, decreased balance, impaired proprioception and chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the passive anterior tibial translation (TT) in terms of distance and corresponding force between normomobile (NM) and hypermobile (HM) as well as between NM, symptomatic (HM‐s) and asymptomatic (HM‐as) hypermobile women.MethodsA total of 195 women, 67 NM and 128 HM, whereof 56 were further classified as HM‐s and 47 as HM‐as, participated in this study. Passive TT was measured using an adapted Rolimeter. A manual traction force was applied and the distance of the translation measured. For the analysis, maximal translation (TTmax) and the respective force as well as the distance at 40N (TTF40) and 80N (TTF80) traction force were determined. The NM and HM groups were compared using independent samples t‐tests, whereas the NM, HM‐s and HM‐as groups were compared using one‐way analyses of variance with Tukey post hoc tests (significance level P ≤ 0.05).ResultsComparisons revealed higher values for the variables TTmax, TTF40 and TTF80 in the HM compared to the NM group. In addition, TTmax and TTF80 were found to be higher in the HM‐s compared to the NM group.ConclusionsHM women showed significantly higher TT distances, which were even more accentuated in those having symptoms. The findings point toward less passive stability of the knee joint and thus maybe a need of higher muscle activation in order to stabilize the joint.
Discussion of “Honor Among Thieves: Open Internal Reporting and Managerial Collusion”
Authors: Glover Jonathan , Kim Eunhee 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEvans, Moser, Newman, and Stikeleather (2016) use experiments of a one‐shot game to analyze the impact of open versus closed internal reporting on collusive managerial behavior. They interpret their results as inconsistent with economic theory. To better contrast their findings with economic theory and to expand their view of same, we sketch economic models capable of explaining many aspects of their results. We also critique the research design and offer an alternative payoff structure. We then relate their experiments to the seminal research of Berg, Dickhout, and McCabe (1995) on trust and reciprocity. Finally, we provide suggestions for further research.
Progesterone‐induced miR‐133a inhibits the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells
Authors: Pan J.‐l. , Yuan D.‐z. , Zhao Y.‐b. , Nie L. , Lei Y. , Liu M. , Long Y. , Zhang J.‐h. , Blok L. J. , Burger C. W. , Yue L.‐m. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis study aimed to understand the role of miR‐133a in progesterone actions, explore the regulative mechanism of the progesterone receptor, and investigate the effects of miR‐133a on the progesterone‐inhibited proliferation of mouse endometrial epithelial cells.MethodsThe expression of miR‐133a induced by progesterone was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR both in vivo and in vitro. Ishikawa subcell lines stably transfected with progesterone receptor subtypes were used to determine the receptor mechanism of progesterone inducing miR‐133a. Specific miR‐133a mimics or inhibitors were transfected into mouse uteri and primary cultured endometrial epithelial cells to overexpress or downregulate the miR‐133a. The roles of miR‐133a in the cell cycle and proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells were analysed by flow cytometry and Edu incorporation analysis. The protein levels of cyclinD2 in uterine tissue sections and primary cultured endometrial epithelial cells were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.ResultsProgesterone could induce miR‐133a expression in a PRB‐dependent manner in endometrial epithelial cells. miR‐133a inhibited endometrial epithelial cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle at the G1‐S transition. Moreover, miR‐133a acted as an inhibitor in downregulating cyclinD2 in endometrial epithelial cells.ConclusionWe showed for the first time that progesterone‐induced miR‐133a inhibited the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by downregulating cyclinD2. Our research indicated an important mechanism for progesterone inhibiting the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by inducing special miRNAs to inhibit positive regulatory proteins in the cell cycle.
Mosquito Net Use in an Artisanal East African Fishery
Authors: Bush Emma R. , Short Rebecca E. , Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Lennox Kirao , Samoilys Melita , Hill Nicholas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWidespread, anecdotal reports of the use of bed nets designed for malaria control (“mosquito nets”) in artisanal fisheries have led to concern from health and natural resource management sectors. However, mosquito net fishing (MNF) may play an important role in the livelihoods of artisanal fishers, an aspect not yet investigated. At a coastal Kenyan site among Giriama fishers, nearly half of homesteads interviewed used mosquito nets as fishing gear, targeting juvenile fish and prawns for subsistence and sale. The majority of mosquito net (MN) fishers here were men, suggesting that the assumption that MNF is a female activity is not valid in this case. However, MN use for fishing at this site is unlikely to impact malaria protection as fishers used old or surplus nets. Respondents perceived both positive aspects of MNF (e.g., food and income) and negative aspects (e.g., impact on fishery). As mosquito nets are widely available, they may enable new entrants to access fisheries. There is a critical need to review current management responses, which predominately focus on banning the practice, and instead promote integrated strategies for sustainable livelihoods.