bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutoff Values for Glycated Albumin, 1,5‐Anhydroglucitol, and Fructosamine as Alternative Markers for Hyperglycemia
Authors: Yu Hui‐Jin , Park Chang‐Hun , Shin Kangsu , Woo Hee‐Yeon , Park Hyosoon , Sung Eunju , Kwon Min‐Jung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlycated albumin (GA), 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG), and fructosamine have attracted considerable interest as markers of hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal cutoff values for GA, 1,5‐AG, and fructosamine and to determine their respective diagnostic efficacies in relation to hyperglycemia.MethodsWe enrolled 6012 individuals who had undergone fasting blood glucose (FBG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests along with at least one alternative glycemic marker. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the upper or lower limit of the reference range (97.5 or 2.5 percentiles) were used to ascertain the optimal cutoff values. Follow‐up data from healthy individuals were used to identify patients who developed diabetes mellitus (DM).ResultsThe ROC cutoff values for GA, 1,5‐AG, and fructosamine were 13.9%, 13.3 μg/mL, and 278 μmol/L, respectively, with corresponding area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.860, 0.879, and 0.834. The upper limits of the reference intervals for GA and fructosamine were 15.1% and 279 μmol/L, respectively, and the lower limit for 1,5‐AG was 5.3 μg/mL. Among the GA cutoff values, the ROC cutoff had the highest sensitivity. Analyzing the follow‐up data showed that lowering the GA cutoff from 16.0% to 13.9% identified an additional 40 people with DM progression.ConclusionsLowering the GA cutoff values significantly increased the sensitivity of DM diagnosis and enhanced its potential as a screening marker by identifying more individuals with diabetes progression. Conversely, modifications to the cutoff values for 1,5‐AG and fructosamine did not confer any discernible diagnostic or predictive advantages.
Exploring the Impact of Developmental Clearance Saturation on Propylene Glycol Exposure in Adults and Term Neonates Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Olafuyi Olusola , Michelet Robin , Garle Michael , Allegaert Karel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPropylene glycol (PG) is a pharmaceutical excipient which is generally regarded as safe (GRAS), though clinical toxicity has been reported. PG toxicity has been attributed to accumulation due to saturation of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)‐mediated clearance pathway. This study aims to explore the impact of the saturation of ADH‐mediated PG metabolism on its developmental clearance in adults and neonates and assess the impact of a range of doses on PG clearance saturation and toxicity. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for PG in adults and term neonates were developed using maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis–Menten's constant (Km) of ADH‐mediated metabolism determined in vitro in human liver cytosol, published physicochemical, drug‐related and ADH ontogeny parameters. The models were validated and used to determine the impact of dosing regimen on PG clearance saturation and toxicity in adults and neonates. The Vmax and Km of PG in human liver cytosol were 1.57 nmol/min/mg protein and 25.1 mM, respectively. The PG PBPK model adequately described PG PK profiles in adults and neonates. The PG dosing regimens associated with saturation and toxicity were dependent on both dose amount and cumulative in standard dosing frequencies. Doses resulting in saturation were higher than those associated with clinically observed toxicity. In individuals without impaired clearance or when PG exposure is through formulations that contain excipients with possible interaction with PG, a total daily dose of 100–200 mg/kg/day in adults and 25–50 mg/kg/day in neonates is unlikely to result in toxic PG levels or PG clearance saturation.
Social discounting in a symmetric giving and taking frame: An artifactual field experiment with young South African adults
Authors: Booysen Frederik , Guvuriro Sevias , van Eyssen Combrink Herkulaas Morkel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the dictator game, the evidence that giving is equivalent to taking is mixed. The purpose of this study was to investigate framing effects (giving/taking) on social‐discounting rates among young African adults from an informal settlement in South Africa. Employing a within‐participant design, these young adults completed a series of incentivized dictator games with an isomorphically equivalent giving and taking frame at each of eight social distances. Altruism was measured by the social‐discounting rate, and framing effects were assessed using generalized linear regression. The study provides empirical evidence that prosocial behavior among young South African adults is subject to framing because exponential, hyperbolic, and q‐exponential social‐discounting rates in all instances were lower in the taking than in the giving frame. This difference may be the result of greater “egalitarianism” and “selflessness” elicited by the taking frame, which likely is a product of the experiment's particular social and economic field context. More comparative research is required to establish the working of specific mechanics of morality that may operate differently in diverse socioeconomic contexts, thus contributing to elucidating the heterogeneous nature of findings in this area of study.
Application of synchronous music reinforcement to increase walking speed: A novel approach for training intensity
Authors: Pinkston Jonathan W. , Cook Jennifer L. , Baruni Rasha R. , Rapp John T. , Deshmukh Shreeya , Miltenberger Raymond G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWalking is a common and preferred form of exercise. Although there are current recommendations for walking volume (e.g., steps per day), recent research has begun to distinguish volume from intensity (e.g., “brisk” walking) as an important dimension of exercise. Increasing intensity may confer health advantages beyond volume measures because it shifts cardiovascular performance to more vigorous training zones. Reinforcement‐based approaches have been valuable in increasing volume measures of exercise, and the present study sought to develop a corresponding reinforcement approach to training walking intensity. For this study, we used a continuous reinforcement paradigm where music played only while walking met specified criteria; otherwise, music playback stopped. As a result, music was synchronized with walking performance. Seventeen participants walked on a nonmotorized treadmill at a self‐selected pace. Across the session, different conditions arranged for music to play independent of walking speed or contingent on speed increases or decreases. An extinction component assessed performance when music was withdrawn completely. Walking speed was selectively increased and decreased by adjusting the contingencies that were arranged for music, and variability in speed increased during extinction, with both findings indicating that music was a reinforcer. Heart rate was also increased to moderate–vigorous intensities during reinforcement. The findings provide a compelling case that walking intensity can be modified by music reinforcement. We suggest that synchronous schedules may be an important foundation for future exercise technologies that are based on reinforcement.
Post‐Space Disinfectants With Sodium Hypochlorite and Methylene Blue Loaded in Silver and Quartz Nanoparticles Activated by Photodynamic Therapy. A SEM Analysis
Authors: Alkhudhairy Fahad , AlFawaz Yasser F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPost‐space disinfectants methylene blue loaded with silver (Ag) and Quartz nanoparticles (NPs) and MB alone activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the survival of Enterococcus faecalis, smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and extrusion bond strength (EBS) of fiber posts to canal dentin. Hundred mandibular premolars underwent root canal treatment using the rotary ProTaper system. The canals were obturated and post‐space was prepared up to a length of 8 mm, maintaining a 5 mm seal. To assess antibacterial efficacy E. faecalis were inoculated in the canal (n = 20). The samples were then randomly allocated into four groups according to the canal disinfectant used to sterilize the canals. Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA, Group 2: MB‐PDT, Group 3: MB@QP‐PDT, and Group 4: MB@AgNP‐PDT (n = 25). SEM analysis was conducted on five samples from each disinfectant group to assess the removal of the SL. Survival rates were calculated (n = 5 from each group). Glass fiber post (GFP) was cemented to the root dentin of the remaining samples followed by artificial aging. Sectioning of the specimens was performed in all three‐thirds of the canals. PBS was assessed followed by failure evaluation. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to compare the E. faecalis survival rate and PBS of fiber post among different investigated groups. Group 4 (MB@AgNP‐PDT) treated canals exhibited the minimum survival rate (0.30 ± 0.04 CFU/mL) of E. faecalis and maximum PBS. However, the highest survival rate and minimum bond strength of GFP were observed in Group 1 (NaOCl+17% EDTA) and Group 2 (MB‐PDT) treated teeth respectively. The highest SL removal was recorded in the coronal section of the samples of Group‐4 disinfected with MB@AgNP‐PDT. The lowest removal of SL was recorded in Group 2 samples sterilized with MB‐PDT at apical one‐third. Silver nanoparticles when utilized as nano‐carriers to enhance the efficiency of MB activated by PDT, have been shown to exhibit the highest antimicrobial potency, improved capacity for SL removal and improved PBS.
Association between hospital type and length of stay and readmissions for young adults with complex chronic diseases
Authors: Lutmer Jeffrey , Bucholz Emily , Auger Katherine A. , Hall Matt , Mitchell Harris J. , Jenkins Ashley , Morse Rustin , Neuman Mark I. , Peltz Alon , Simon Harold K. , Teufel Ronald J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of information around whether hospital length of stay and readmission rates differ based upon hospital type for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with complex chronic diseases (CCDs).ObjectiveTo measure the association between hospital type and readmission rates and index admission LOS among AYA with CCDs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional study of 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, including patients 12–25 years old with cystic fibrosis (CF), sickle cell disease (SCD), spina bifida (SB), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Index hospitalizations were categorized by hospital type (pediatric hospitals [PHs], adult hospitals with pediatric services [AHPSs], and adult hospitals without pediatric services [AHs]), CCD, and age group. We compared case‐mix adjusted 30‐day readmission rates and differences in index admission LOS between hospital types.ResultsAdult hospitals without pediatric services exhibited higher readmission rates (25.4%) than AHPS (22.9%) and PH (15.1%). Compared to patients with CF admitted to AH, lower readmission rates were associated with longer LOS at both AHPS (relative ratio [RR]: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.55) and PH (RR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28–1.97). Patients with DM admitted to AHPS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.91) and PH (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.71) also demonstrated lower readmission rates than those admitted to AH.ConclusionsFor AYA with CCD, hospital type is associated with differences in readmission rates and LOS. Lower readmission rates at hospitals with pediatric services compared to adult hospitals without pediatric services suggest hospital type has a significant impact on outcomes.
Gastrointestinal ultrasound in the critically ill: A narrative review and a proposal for a protocol
Authors: Mihnovits Vladislav , Reintam Blaser Annika , Gualdi Thomas , Forbes Alastair , Piton Gael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCritically ill patients are at risk of presenting with gastrointestinal dysfunction at intensive care unit admission or during their stay. However, identifying gastrointestinal dysfunction is difficult because clinical evaluation is frequently nonspecific and validated biomarkers are lacking. In this context, ultrasound of the digestive tract may help to identify gastrointestinal dysfunction. In this narrative review, we summarize available evidence and propose a protocol for assessment of the gastrointestinal tract with ultrasound. First, we report available evidence from use of four available protocols: the gastrointestinal and urinary tract sonography protocol, the acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasound score, the transabdominal gastrointestinal ultrasound protocol, and the Lai protocol, each addressing somewhat different aspects. Outputs from these protocols have been associated with clinical scores of gastrointestinal failure, feeding intolerance, and 28‐day mortality. Second, we describe the potential pitfalls of using ultrasound in the critically ill, such as obesity, abdominal dressings, or the presence of intraluminal gas. Third, we suggest perspectives of ultrasound in monitoring the response to enteral nutrition and for early identification of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. Fourth, we propose a structured protocol for gastrointestinal ultrasound describing all the different structures that should be evaluated and provide detailed guidance for a clockwise abdominal examination. In conclusion, the use of a specific and structured protocol might help to identify patients presenting with gastrointestinal dysfunction, guide nutrition, and allow the proposal of pathophysiological hypotheses (complications of enteral nutrition, intra‐abdominal infection, bowel ischemia, etc.). The benefit of using a structured protocol requires further investigation.
Three hundred sixty‐degree viewable linear grooves 3D display
Authors: Kawakami Akua , Okuyama Daisuke , Mizushina Haruki , Suyama Shiro , Yamamoto Kenji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe proposed a linear grooves 3D display that can display 360° viewable 3D images by creating linear grooves that correspond to the viewpoint positions. In the conventional method, arc‐shaped grooves are drawn on a flat substrate of transparent film. However, depending on the viewing position, the image may be distorted. In addition, when a flat substrate is bent into a curved shape, the image is more affected than one observed in a flat shape. Furthermore, the conventional method of arc 3D display method cannot display a 3D image that corresponds to the viewpoint position. In this paper, we propose design and fabrication methods that reduce the image distortion for both flat and curved shapes. A 3D image displayed by the proposed method can change depending on the viewpoint position, and a natural 3D image with motion parallax can be observed. In the experiment, our proposed method fabricated a 360° 3D display by calculating the linear grooves and presented natural 3D images with smooth motion parallax.
Impact of Sinus CT Severity Score on the Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Eosinophilic CRSwNP
Authors: Chen Fenghong , Liu Yang , Guo Yuanyuan , Wang Kanghua , Chen Chuxin , Liu Wendong , Fan Yunping , Shi Jianbo , Nie Zhiying 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eos‐CRSwNP), especially those with diffuse disease as indicated by CT scans, has high recurrence rate and low control rate after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Most of them are difficult to treat.ObjectiveThis study sought to identify if eos‐CRSwNP patients were to undergo surgery earlier, while the disease is still limited on CT, they might achieve better postoperative outcomes.MethodsThis study enrolled eos‐CRSwNP patients with different degree of sinus involvement who underwent primary ESS and compared the surgical outcomes of the patients exhibiting mild sinus involvement with those displaying severe sinus involvement. The demographic data, preoperative disease severity, and surgery outcomes at 1 year postoperatively were collected. CRS control status was the primary endpoint to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsThis study included 118 patients with at least one‐year follow‐up. The overall uncontrolled rate was 33.1% at 1 year postoperatively. The best cut‐off value for CT Lund–Mackay (L‐M) score was 13 to predict the uncontrolled status (AUC = 0.67). Then, patients were divided into the mild group (L‐M < 13, n = 70) and the severe group (L‐M ≥ 13, n = 48) according to L‐M score. The follow‐up data indicated that 24.3% of patients (17/70) in the mild group and 45.8% of patients (22/48) in the severe group were uncontrolled (p = 0.015). Postoperative endoscopic score in the mild group was significantly better than those in the severe group (p = 0.002).ConclusionESS performed on eos‐CRSwNP patients with mild sinus involvement have better postoperative outcomes at 1 year than patients with severe sinus involvement.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:1021–1028, 2025
Alterations in the axon initial segment plasticity is involved in early pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Han , Wang Yiming , Chen Zhiya , Liu Yiqiong , Tian Wu , Kang Xinrui , Pashang Abolghasem , Kulasiri Don , Yang Xiaoli , Li Hung Wing , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the early presence of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau. Identifying the neuropathological changes preceding cognitive decline is crucial for early intervention. Axon initial segment (AIS) maintains the orderly structure of the axon and is responsible for initiating action potentials (APs). To investigate the role of AIS in early stages of AD pathogenesis, we focused on alterations in the AIS of neurons from APP/PS1 mouse models harboring familial AD mutations. AIS length and electrophysiological properties were assessed in neurons using immunostaining and patch‐clamp techniques. The expression and function of ankyrin G (AnkG) isoforms were evaluated by western blot and rescue experiments. We observed a significant shortening of AIS in APP/PS1 mice, which correlated with impaired action potential propagation. Furthermore, a decrease in the 480 kDa isoform of AnkG was observed. Rescue of this isoform restored AIS plasticity and improved long‐term potentiation in APP/PS1 neurons. Our study implicates AIS plasticity alterations and AnkG dysregulation as early events in AD. The restoration of AIS integrity by the 480 kDa AnkG isoform presents a potential therapeutic strategy for AD, underscoring the importance of targeting AIS stability in neurodegenerative diseases.
The Orexin OX2 Receptor‐Dependent Pathway Is Implicated in the Development of Overactive Bladder and Depression in Rats Exposed to Corticosterone
Authors: Serefko Anna , Wróbel Jan , Szopa Aleksandra , Dobrowolski Piotr , Kluz Tomasz , Wdowiak Artur , Bojar Iwona , Poleszak Ewa , Romejko‐Wolniewicz Ewa , Derlatka Paweł , Grabowska‐Derlatka Laretta , Kacperczyk‐Bartnik Joanna , Gieleta Andrea Weronika , Bartnik Paweł , Jakimiuk Artur , Misiek Marcin , Wróbel Andrzej 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimIn the present study, we wanted to check whether TCS OX2 29 (TCS), a potent selective antagonist of OX2 receptors, would have positive effects in an animal model of detrusor overactivity co‐existed with the depression‐like state in Wistar male rats.MethodsThe forced swim test with the measurement of spontaneous locomotor activity, conscious cystometry, determination of c‐Fos expression in central micturition areas, and a set of biochemical analyses (with the use of urine, hippocampus, bladder urothelium, and detrusor muscle of tested animals) were carried out.ResultsThe outcomes showed that a 7‐day administration of TCS (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) normalizes the cystometric parameters corresponding to overactivity of the detrusor and reverses the pro‐depressive response. Furthermore, the antagonism of OX2 receptors restored the abnormal levels of overactive bladder markers (i.e., ATP, CGRP, OCT3, TRPV1, ROCK1, and VAChT), diminished neuronal overactivity in central micturition areas (i.e., pontine micturition center, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, and medial preoptic area) as well as restored the altered hippocampal levels of CRF, cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α), and growth factors (BDNF and NGF) that reflected biochemical disturbances detected in depressed people.ConclusionsIt seems that our findings open new perspectives regarding the implication of the orexin system in the functioning of the urinary bladder and in the pathophysiology of depression.
Relationships between organizational support, emotional intelligence and work engagement among Chinese nurses: A correlation study
Authors: Gao Xing , Zhou Yanli , Xu Xiao , Yuan Ran , Zheng Yanxue , Yun Ren 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate and analyse the current situation of clinical nurses' sense of organisational support, emotional intelligence and work engagement in different departments and their correlation, in order to provide guidance for enhancing the sense of organisational support, improving nurses' emotional intelligence and mobilising nurses' work engagement and to promote the development of nursing teams.MethodsClinical nurses from three hospitals in eastern and western China were selected by convenience sampling method from September to October 2023 and were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, organisational support questionnaire, emotional intelligence scale and work engagement scale. We investigated the correlation between nurses' sense of organisational support, emotional intelligence and work engagement in clinical units.ResultsThe clinical nurses investigated in this study had moderate levels of perceived organisational support and emotional intelligence and high levels of work engagement. The total score of the nurses' sense of organisational support questionnaire was positively correlated with the total score of the emotional intelligence scale, the total score of the work engagement scale and the scores of all dimensions (all p < 0.05). Emotional intelligence played a partial mediating effect in the effect of nurses' organisational support on work engagement, accounting for 35.57% of the total effect.ConclusionClinical nurses' sense of organisational support was positively correlated with emotional intelligence and work engagement; there was a chain mediating effect of clinical nurses' emotional intelligence between sense of organisational support and work engagement. Organisational support can enhance the emotional intelligence of caregivers as well as promote work engagement. It is suggested that nursing managers can enhance the level of nurses' engagement by giving effective organisational support and at the same time improving nurses' perception of psychological safety.