bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reflects co‐activation of β‐catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kitao Azusa , Matsui Osamu , Yoneda Norihide , Kozaka Kazuto , Kobayashi Satoshi , Koda Wataru , Minami Tetsuya , Inoue Dai , Yoshida Kotaro , Yamashita Taro , Yamashita Tatsuya , Kaneko Shuichi , Takamura Hiroyuki , Ohta Tetsuo , Ikeda Hiroko , Sato Yasunori , Nakanuma Yasuni , Harada Kenichi , Kita Ryuichi , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: May 2017

AimThe aim of this study is to clarify the correlation of the co‐activation of β‐catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α with the findings of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B3 expression, and histological findings in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐six HCCs surgically resected from 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The HCCs were classified into four groups by immunohistochemical expression of β‐catenin, glutamine synthetase (GS), and HNF4α: (i) β‐catenin/GS (positive [+]) HNF4α (+); (ii) β‐catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (negative [−]); (iii) β‐catenin/GS (−) HNF4α (+); and (iv) β‐catenin/GS (−) HNF4α (−). We compared the four groups in terms of the enhancement ratio on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI, immunohistochemical organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP)1B3 (a main uptake transporter of gadoxetic acid) expression and histological features, overall survival, and no recurrence survival. The Kruskal–Wallis test, Steel–Dwass multiple comparisons test, Fisher's exact test, and log–rank (Mantel–Cox) test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsEnhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI in HCC with β‐catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.001). The OATP1B3 grade was also significantly higher in HCC with β‐catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) (P < 0.001). Hepatocellular carcinoma with β‐catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) showed the highest differentiation grade as compared to the other groups (P < 0.004). There were no significant differences in portal vein invasion, macroscopic growth pattern, or prognosis analyses between the four groups.ConclusionCo‐activation of β‐catenin and HNF4α would promote OATP1B3 expression, and consequently higher enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI and higher differentiation grade in HCC.
The information needs of occupational therapy students: a case study
Authors: Morgan‐Daniel Jane , Preston Hugh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article summarises a case study on the information needs of Masters level Occupational Therapy 5 (OT) students at one English university. A mixed methods questionnaire was used to explore motivators for information‐seeking, preferred information resources and barriers inhibiting the satisfaction of information needs. Thirteen recommendations for practice were formulated, focusing on how information professionals can best facilitate OT students’ learning and evidence‐based research skills in preparation for clinical practice. The study was completed by Jane Morgan‐Daniel, who received a Distinction for her work from Aberystwyth University, where she graduated with an MSC in Information and Library Studies in December 2016. She has written this article together with her dissertation supervisor, Hugh Preston.A. M.
Knowledge Management in healthcare libraries: the current picture
Authors: Hopkins Emily 
Published: May 2017

AbstractKnowledge management has seen something of a resurgence in attention amongst health librarians recently. Of course it has never ceased to exist, but now many library staff are becoming more involved in organisational knowledge management, and positioning themselves as key players in the sphere. No single model of knowledge management is proliferating, but approaches that best fit the organisation's size, structure and culture, and a blending of evidence based practice and knowledge sharing. Whatever it is called and whatever models are used, it's clear that for librarians and information professionals, the importance of putting knowledge and evidence into practice, sharing knowledge well and capturing it effectively, are still what we will continue to do.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and photoluminescence properties of TTB‐type PbTa2O6:Eu3+ phosphor
Authors: İlhan Mustafa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUndoped and Eu3+‐doped tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) PbTa2O6 phosphors were synthesized by using solid‐state reaction method. Synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM‐EDS, and photoluminescence analyses. XRD results revealed TTB‐type crystal structure with single phase up to 10 mol% Eu3+ doping concentration. In SEM‐EDS analyses, elemental composition of Pb decreased with the increasing concentration of Eu3+. Emissions at the excitation wavelength of 398.5 nm were observed at 593.2 and 618.8 nm due to 5D0→7F1 transitions and 5D0→7F2 transitions, respectively. Emission increased with the increasing Eu3+ doping concentration up to 10 mol% and not observed concentration quenching.
Dietary emissions patterns and their effect on the overall climatic impact of food consumption
Authors: Hyland John J. , McCarthy Mary B. , Henchion Maeve , McCarthy Sinéad N. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFood consumption is responsible for a considerable proportion of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). This study aimed to determine whether different dietary emission patterns (EPs) are evident in the Irish population. Respondents of the national nutritional survey were segmented using cluster analysis based on GHGE generated from food groups; thereby profiling similarities in how emissions were attained. Three distinct EPs were observed: Unsustainable, Culturally Sustainable, and Nutritionally Sustainable. The Unsustainable pattern had a significantly greater climatic impact; generating significantly higher emissions from processed meat, alcohol, carbonated beverages and savoury snacks, but significantly lower emissions from dairy.Total GHGE did not differ significantly between the Culturally Sustainable and the Nutritionally Sustainable despite the latter deriving significantly lower emissions from red meat. Nevertheless, the Nutritionally Sustainable pattern adhered to more dietary guidelines than other EPs. The results imply that policy instruments should be holistic in naturerather than concentrating on individual food groups.
The use of medicinal plants in venous ulcers: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Freitas Anderson L , Santos Carla A , Souza Carlos AS , Nunes Marco AP , Antoniolli Ângelo R , da Silva Wellington B , da Silva Francilene A 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to systematically review the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of varicose ulcers. The databases used in the search were: Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Cinhal, Lilacs and Web of Science. The selection process was divided into two phases: the reading of titles and abstracts and the full reading of selected articles. The item description was compared with the checklist of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. The initial search produced 3505 articles and seven were selected for inclusion in the systematic review. Of the included studies, 7 (100%) evaluated the reduction of the ulcer area, 4 (57·14%) evaluated reepithelisation, 2 (28·57%) evaluated bacterial flora and 1 (14·28%) evaluated the oxygen pressure and percutaneous carbon dioxide. The level of evidence rating indicated that five studies (71·42%) were rated at level 2 and two (28·57%) were rated at level 3. The quality assessment was performed using the Jadad scale, which is prevalent in the literature. The quality score of the Jadad questionnaire ranges from 0 to 5; here, the studies analysed had an average of 2·5. A meta‐analysis was performed on two studies that analysed the effects of Mimosa tenuiflora hydrogel in the treatment of venous ulcer and included 42 patients with a mean age of 60·5 years and a mean duration of treatment of 10·5 weeks. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2; we obtained a high value of 84%. We concluded that, despite the efficacy of the incorporation of Ageratina pichinchensis into the gel, the hydrogel that incorporated M. tenuiflora appeared to be a promising candidate for the management of venous ulcers.
X‐ray tomography of feed‐to‐glass transition of simulated borosilicate waste glasses
Authors: Harris William H. , Guillen Donna P. , Klouzek Jaroslav , Pokorny Richard , Yano Tetsuji , Lee SeungMin , Schweiger Michael J. , Hrma Pavel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigh‐level waste feed composition affects the overall melting rate by influencing the chemical, thermophysical, and morphological properties of a cold cap layer that floats on the molten glass where most feed‐to‐glass reactions occur. Data from X‐ray computed tomography imaging of melting pellets comprised of a simulated high‐aluminum feed reveal the morphology of bubbles, known as the primary foam, for various feed compositions at temperatures between 600°C and 1040°C. These feeds were formulated to make glasses with viscosities ranging from 0.5 to 9.5 Pa s at 1150°C, which was accomplished by changing the SiO2/(B2O3+Na2O+Li2O) ratio in the final glass. Pellet dimensions and profile area, average and maximum bubble areas, bubble diameter, and void fraction were evaluated. The feed viscosity strongly affects the onset of the primary foaming and the foam collapse temperature. Despite the decreasing amount of gas‐evolving components (Li2CO3, H3BO3, and Na2CO3), as the feed viscosity increases, the measured foam expansion rate does not decrease. This suggests that the primary foaming is not only affected by changes in the primary melt viscosity but also by the compositional reaction kinetic effects. The temperature‐dependent foam morphological data will be used to inform cold cap model development for a high‐level radioactive waste glass melter.
The economic value of patent portfolios
Authors: Gambardella Alfonso , Harhoff Dietmar , Verspagen Bart 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPatent holders may choose to protect innovations with single patents or to develop portfolios of multiple, related patents. We propose a decision‐making model in which patent holders allocate resources to either expanding the number of related patents or investing in higher value of patents in the portfolio. We estimate the derived value equation using portfolio value data from an inventor survey at the level of individual inventions rather than the firm as a whole. We find that investments in individual inventions exhibit diminishing returns, and that a good part of the value of a portfolio depends on adding new patented inventions. Also, while diminishing returns to individual inventions are stable across subsamples, the returns to portfolio size vary between complex and discrete industries, and between inventions that are science‐based or driven by customer information. When firms seek to strengthen appropriability, the returns to an increase of portfolio size are not different from the sample average. Thus, a higher number of inventions in a portfolio may reflect both stronger appropriability via patents and genuine creation of value.
Brief isoflurane anesthesia regulates striatal AKT‐GSK3β signaling and ameliorates motor deficits in a rat model of early‐stage Parkinson′s disease
Authors: Leikas Juuso V. , Kohtala Samuel , Theilmann Wiebke , Jalkanen Aaro J. , Forsberg Markus M. , Rantamäki Tomi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder primarily affecting the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. The link between heightened activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and neurodegene‐rative processes has encouraged investigation into the potential disease‐modifying effects of novel GSK3β inhibitors in experimental models of PD. Therefore, the intriguing ability of several anesthetics to readily inhibit GSK3β within the cortex and hippocampus led us to investigate the effects of brief isoflurane anesthesia on striatal GSK3β signaling in naïve rats and in a rat model of early‐stage PD. Deep but brief (20‐min) isoflurane anesthesia exposure increased the phosphorylation of GSK3β at the inhibitory Ser9 residue, and induced phosphorylation of AKTThr308 (protein kinase B; negative regulator of GSK3β) in the striatum of naïve rats and rats with unilateral striatal 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesion. The 6‐OHDA protocol produced gradual functional deficiency within the nigrostriatal pathway, reflected as a preference for using the limb ipsilateral to the lesioned striatum at 2 weeks post 6‐OHDA. Interestingly, such motor impairment was not observed in animals exposed to four consecutive isoflurane treatments (20‐min anesthesia every 48 h; treatments started 7 days after 6‐OHDA delivery). However, isoflurane had no effect on striatal or nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker of dopaminergic neurons) protein levels. This brief report provides promising results regarding the therapeutic potential and neurobiological mechanisms of anesthetics in experimental models of PD and guides development of novel disease‐modifying therapies.
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The Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System in Greyhounds and Non‐Greyhound Dogs
Authors: Martinez J. , Kellogg C. , Iazbik M.C. , Couto C.G. , Pressler B.M. , Hoepf T.M. , Radin M.J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure, electrolyte homeostasis, and renal function. Blood pressure, serum sodium concentrations, and urinary albumin excretion are higher in Greyhounds than other purebred and mixed‐breed dogs.HypothesisAlterations in the RAAS in Greyhounds are associated with hemodynamic and clinicopathologic differences observed in the breed.AnimalsClinically healthy Greyhound and non‐Greyhound dogs consecutively enrolled as blood donors (n = 20/group).MethodsProspective study. Standard chemical analysis was performed on serum and urine. Serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity was determined by fluorometric assay. All other RAAS hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) was measured by immunoassay. Measurements were compared to blood pressure and urine albumin concentration. Data are presented as mean ± SD or median, range.ResultsSerum creatinine (1.5 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL, P < .001), sodium (149, 147–152 vs 148, 146–150 mEq/L, P = .017), and SDMA (16.1 ± 2.9 vs 12.2 ± 1.8 μg/dL, P < .001) were significantly higher in Greyhounds versus non‐Greyhounds, respectively. Plasma renin activity (0.69, 0.10–1.93 vs 0.65, 0.27–2.93 ng/mL/h, P = .60) and ACE activity (4.5, 2.1–8.5 vs 4.6, 2.1–11.4 activity/mL; P = .77) were similar between groups and did not correlate with higher systolic pressures and albuminuria in Greyhounds. Plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly lower in Greyhounds versus non‐Greyhounds (11, 11–52 vs 15, 11–56 pg/mL, respectively, P = .002).Conclusions and clinical importanceBasal RAAS activation did not differ between healthy Greyhounds and non‐Greyhounds. Lower aldosterone concentration in Greyhounds is an appropriate physiologic response to higher serum sodium concentration and blood pressure, suggesting that angiotensin II effects in the renal tubule predominate over those of aldosterone.
Changes in the nature of environmental limitation in two forest herbs during two decades of forest succession
Authors: Baeten Lander , Verheyen Kris 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsThe environmental legacies of past land use generally have an important impact on the establishment and persistence of forest understorey plant species in post‐agricultural forests. Here we studied how the nature of such environmental limitation changes during the first decades of forest development.LocationDeciduous forest ‘Muizenbos’, northern Belgium.MethodsTwo forest herbs with comparable life‐history traits, but contrasting rates of post‐agricultural forest colonization (Primula elatior, Geum urbanum) were introduced 18 yr ago. Introduction sites were ancient or post‐agricultural forest; seeds or adults were added to permanent plots where the understorey vegetation was initially cleared or left undisturbed. We measured chemical soil conditions and recorded the understorey plant community to characterize the sites. The effects of the treatments (land use, vegetation clearing) were tested on the present‐day occurrence and abundance of the introduced species across the plots. We also quantified whether the temporal changes in the total number of individuals per site was different between the two land‐use types and consistent within land‐use types.ResultsLand use had an important effect on soil and vegetation. In post‐agricultural forest, the P availabilities were many times higher, the plant community diversity was lower and the competitive species were significantly more abundant compared with ancient forest. The present‐day abundance of P. elatior was significantly higher in the ancient forest sites, both for planted and seeded plots, while for G. urbanum land use had no effect. The initial vegetation clearing had a persistent effect on the establishment success of both species. The 18‐yr‐long time series showed consistent changes in the total population sizes in ancient forest: P. elatior has been expanding and G. urbanum initially increased and then declined over the past decade. In post‐agricultural forest, temporal patterns were more divergent and partly related to differences in dominant tree species: differences in acidification rates and changes in insolation caused by canopy dieback have put the populations on new and unforeseen trajectories.ConclusionsThe longer the experiment is running, the more the individual sites show separate dynamics. In general, we showed that environmental limitation affects plant colonization at least during the first two decades of secondary forest succession, but also that as the post‐agricultural forests develop, the nature of environmental limitation changes.
Dispersal‐driven homogenization of wetland vegetation revealed from local contributions to β‐diversity
Authors: Deane David C. , Fordham Damien A. , Stevens Alys K. , Bradshaw Corey J.A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractQuestionsWithin a meta‐community, what determines how local species composition differs from the regional community? How do local conditions and landscape context affect this differentiation in wetland vegetation?LocationFleurieu Peninsula, South Australia.MethodsWe sampled native vegetation across 26 hydrological gradients in a wetland meta‐community within a heavily cleared agricultural landscape. We used the local contribution to β‐diversity to quantify how species composition at each site differed from the average across all sites. We hypothesized that local contribution to β‐diversity would respond to assembly processes (niche, biological interactions, dispersal) through effects on the species turnover and richness difference components of β‐diversity. We used beta regression to model local contribution to β‐diversity, building a candidate set of 55 models, each incorporating one of the assembly processes. We used standardized regression coefficients to measure effect size, and null models to explore diversity patterns further.ResultsWhile variations in among‐site niche dimensions were influential, the strongest control on local contribution to β‐diversity was a negative association with the number of wetlands within 200 m. Null models showed this was because common species were over‐represented in well‐connected sites within the meta‐community, while rare species were under‐represented.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the homogenization of native plant species composition in well‐connected wetlands, consistent with theoretical predictions of declining β‐diversity when connectivity is high. We recommend comparative analysis of local species composition to regional average diversity to evaluate the role of wetland connectivity in homogenization of composition before conservation or restoration priorities are assigned.
Carnivoran resource and habitat use in the context of a Late Miocene faunal turnover episode
Authors: Domingo Laura , Domingo M. Soledad , Koch Paul L. , Morales Jorge , Alberdi M. Teresa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigate resource and habitat use by apex predators through stable isotope analysis at two Spanish Late Miocene localities: Los Valles de Fuentidueña (~9.6 Ma,LVF) and Cerro de los Batallones (~9.1 Ma,BAT). The temporal window represented byLVFandBATwas crucial in the shaping of the current Iberian mammalian structure because it corresponds to the initial stages of a faunal turnover episode and regional environmental change at ~9.5–8.5 Ma (Vallesian–Turolian transition), associated with an increase in the seasonality of precipitation. Herbivore and carnivore δ13C and δ18O values do not point to significant changes in either the vegetation cover (a woodland to mesic C3grassland) or the hydrological regime during the time lapse represented betweenLVFandBAT. This suggests that the environmental shift recorded around the Vallesian–Turolian boundary may have occurred later in time, sinceLVFandBATages are synchronic with the onset of the turnover event. From the standpoint of predator–prey evaluation by means of stable isotope analysis, statisticalpost hoctests, mixing model output, and the assessment of niche occupation byLVFandBATcarnivores point to high levels of interspecific competition among large active carnivores, albeit some genera, such as the amphicyonidMagericyonand specially the hyaenidLycyaena, seemed to avoid competition by taking prey from a more open habitat. Despite the drop in diversity and change in faunal components observed between theLVFandBATassemblages, a high degree of resource and habitat competition is evident from stable isotope data.
Domestication rewired gene expression and nucleotide diversity patterns in tomato
Authors: Sauvage Christopher , Rau Andrea , Aichholz Charlotte , Chadoeuf Joël , Sarah Gautier , Ruiz Manuel , Santoni Sylvain , Causse Mathilde , David Jacques , Glémin Sylvain 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPlant domestication has led to considerable phenotypic modifications from wild species to modern varieties. However, although changes in key traits have been well documented, less is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms, such as the reduction of molecular diversity or global gene co‐expression patterns. In this study, we used a combination of gene expression and population genetics in wild and crop tomato to decipher the footprints of domestication. We found a set of 1729 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the two genetic groups, belonging to 17 clusters of co‐expressedDEG, suggesting that domestication affected not only individual genes but also regulatory networks. Five co‐expression clusters were enriched in functional terms involving carbohydrate metabolism or epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We detected differences in nucleotide diversity between the crop and wild groups specific toDEG. Our study provides an extensive profiling of the rewiring of gene co‐expression induced by the domestication syndrome in one of the main crop species.