bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global models underestimate large decadal declining and rising water storage trends relative to GRACE satellite data
Authors: Scanlon Bridget R. , Zhang Zizhan , Save Himanshu , Sun Alexander Y. , Müller Schmied Hannes , van Beek Ludovicus P. H. , Wiese David N. , Wada Yoshihide , Long Di , Reedy Robert C. , Longuevergne Laurent , Döll Petra , Bierkens Marc F. P. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
We increasingly rely on global models to project impacts of humans and climate on water resources. How reliable are these models? While past model intercomparison projects focused on water fluxes, we provide here the first comprehensive comparison of land total water storage trends from seven global models to trends from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, which have been likened to giant weighing scales in the sky. The models underestimate the large decadal (2002–2014) trends in water storage relative to GRACE satellites, both decreasing trends related to human intervention and climate and increasing trends related primarily to climate variations. The poor agreement between models and GRACE underscores the challenges remaining for global models to capture human or climate impacts on global water storage trends.
Shape-directed dynamics of active colloids powered by induced-charge electrophoresis
Authors: Brooks Allan M. , Sabrina Syeda , Bishop Kyle J. M. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Despite recent advances in the ability to “program” the self-assembly of colloidal components, the resulting structures are often static and therefore incapable of performing dynamic functions such as the ability to actuate, heal, replicate, and compute. The realization of colloidal machines that organize in space and time to perform such functions requires new strategies for encoding the dynamic behaviors of colloidal components. Focusing on active colloids powered by induced-charge electrophoresis, we use theory and simulation to show how the shape of a colloidal particle can be rationally tailored to specify complex motions powered by simple energy inputs.
Urban flux measurements reveal a large pool of oxygenated volatile organic compound emissions
Authors: Karl T. , Striednig M. , Graus M. , Hammerle A. , Wohlfahrt G. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The exchange of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) at the surface–atmosphere interface is a fundamental constraint and important boundary condition for atmospheric chemistry and its effects on climate. Anthropogenic emissions are thought to account for about half of the NMVOC flux into the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, yet their budget is considerably uncertain due to the scarcity of appropriate top-down constraints. Here we present direct flux measurements of NMVOCs based on the eddy covariance technique, showing that the contribution of typical urban emission sources is comprised of a surprisingly large portion of oxygenated NMVOC. These results suggest that typical urban NMVOC emission sources could be significantly higher than currently projected in air chemistry and climate models.
Hsp90 chaperones hemoglobin maturation in erythroid and nonerythroid cells
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Garee Greer , Sweeny Elizabeth A. , Nakamura Yukio , Stuehr Dennis J. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Maturation of functional adult (α2β2) or fetal (α2γ2) hemoglobin (Hb) tetramers requires that a heme cofactor be incorporated into each globin. During erythropoiesis, Hb-α maturation is aided by the alpha Hb-stabilizing protein (AHSP), but what enables the maturation and heme insertion of the other globins is unknown. We found that chaperone hsp90 stabilizes the immature, heme-free forms of Hb-β and Hb-γ and then drives their heme insertion reactions in an ATP-dependent process. This finding fills an important gap in our understanding of hemoglobin maturation during erythropoiesis and also helps to explain how functional mature Hb can be expressed outside the circulation in nonerythroid cells and tissues that do not express AHSP.
Regulation of inflammatory responses by dynamic subcellular localization of RNA-binding protein Arid5a
Authors: Higa Mitsuru , Oka Masahiro , Fujihara Yoshitaka , Masuda Kazuya , Yoneda Yoshihiro , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Immune cell activation is accompanied by dynamic changes in expression of genes related to inflammation. Concomitantly, immune reactions are tightly controlled to prevent harmful pathologies due to sustained inflammation. Gene expression is controlled at multiple checkpoints. Among these, the post-transcriptional regulation of the balance between Arid5a and Regnase-1 is important for the induction of inflammation. Our findings provide important insight into the role of the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic localization of Arid5a in the development of inflammation through the induction of a change in the ratio of Arid5a to Regnase-1.
On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
Authors: Bate Matthew R 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe present results from the first population synthesis study of protostellar discs. We analyse the evolution and properties of a large sample of protostellar discs formed in a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation. Due to the chaotic nature of the star formation process, we find an enormous diversity of young protostellar discs, including misaligned discs, and discs whose orientations vary with time. Star–disc interactions truncate discs and produce multiple systems. Discs may be destroyed in dynamical encounters and/or through ram-pressure stripping, but reform by later gas accretion. We quantify the distributions of disc mass and radii for protostellar ages up to ≈105 yr. For low-mass protostars, disc masses tend to increase with both age and protostellar mass. Disc radii range from of order 10 to a few hundred au, grow in size on time-scales ≲ 104 yr, and are smaller around lower mass protostars. The radial surface density profiles of isolated protostellar discs are flatter than the minimum mass solar nebula model, typically scaling as Σ ∝ r−1. Disc to protostar mass ratios rarely exceed two, with a typical range of Md/M* = 0.1–1 to ages ≲ 104 yr and decreasing thereafter. We quantify the relative orientation angles of circumstellar discs and the orbit of bound pairs of protostars, finding a preference for alignment that strengths with decreasing separation. We also investigate how the orientations of the outer parts of discs differ from the protostellar and inner disc spins for isolated protostars and pairs.
The hepatitis C viral nonstructural protein 5A stabilizes growth-regulatory human transcripts
Authors: Guo Liang , Sharma Suresh D , Debes Jose D , Beisang Daniel , Rattenbacher Bernd , Louis Irina Vlasova-St , Wiesner Darin L , Cameron Craig E , Bohjanen Paul R 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNumerous mammalian proto-oncogene and other growth-regulatory transcripts are upregulated in malignancy due to abnormal mRNA stabilization. In hepatoma cells expressing a hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicon, we found that the viral nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), a protein known to bind to viral RNA, also bound specifically to human cellular transcripts that encode regulators of cell growth and apoptosis, and this binding correlated with transcript stabilization. An important subset of human NS5A-target transcripts contained GU-rich elements, sequences known to destabilize mRNA. We found that NS5A bound to GU-rich elements in vitro and in cells. Mutation of the NS5A zinc finger abrogated its GU-rich element-binding and mRNA stabilizing activities. Overall, we identified a molecular mechanism whereby HCV manipulates host gene expression by stabilizing host transcripts in a manner that would promote growth and prevent death of virus-infected cells, allowing the virus to establish chronic infection and lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topographer Reveals Dynamic Mechanisms of Cell Fate Decisions from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Nie Qing , Zhou Tianshou 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCell fate decisions play a pivotal role in development but technologies for dissecting them are limited. We developed a multifunction new method, Topographer to construct a ‘quantitative’ Waddington’s landscape of single-cell transcriptomic data. This method is able to identify complex cell-state transition trajectories and to estimate complex cell-type dynamics characterized by fate and transition probabilities. It also infers both marker gene networks and their dynamic changes as well as dynamic characteristics of transcriptional bursting along the cell-state transition trajectories. Applying this method to single-cell RNA-seq data on the differentiation of primary human myoblasts, we not only identified three known cell types but also estimated both their fate probabilities and transition probabilities among them. We found that the percent of genes expressed in a bursty manner is significantly higher at (or near) the branch point (∼97%) than before or after branch (below 80%), and that both gene-gene and cell-cell correlation degrees are apparently lower near the branch point than away from the branching. Topographer allows revealing of cell fate mechanisms in a coherent way at three scales: cell lineage (macroscopic), gene network (mesoscopic) and gene expression (microscopic).
Exergy indicators of a low-emission aero-engine combustor
Authors: Şöhret Yasin , Karakoc T. Hikmet 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
It is essential to develop more environment-friendly energy systems to prevent climate change and minimize environmental impact. Within this scope, many studies are performed on performance and environmental assessments of many types of energy systems. This paper, different from previous studies, aims to prove exergy performance of a low-emission combustor of an aero-engine.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a well-known fact that, with respect to previous exergy analysis, highest exergy destruction occurs in the combustor component of the engine. For this reason, it is required to evaluate a low-emission aero-engine combustor thermodynamically to understand the state of the art according to the authors’ best of knowledge. In this framework, combustor has been operated at numerous conditions (variable engine load) and evaluated.

Findings
As a conclusion of the study, the impact of emission reduction on performance improvement of the aero-engine combustors exergetically is presented. It is stated that exergy efficiency of the low-emission aero-engine combustor is found to be 64.69, 61.95 and 71.97 per cent under various operating conditions.

Practical implications
Results obtained in this paper may be beneficial for researchers who are interested in combustion and propulsion technology and thermal sciences.

Originality/value
Different from former studies, the impact of operating conditions on performance of a combustor is examined from the viewpoint of thermodynamics.
Observer based control scheme for DC-DC boost converter using sigma–delta modulator
Authors: Malekzadeh Milad , Khosravi Alireza , Tavan Mehdi 
Published: January 2018

PurposeIn actual application of a DC-DC boost converter, the input voltage and resistive load may be changed frequently, and these variations deteriorate the conventional controller performance. The purpose of this paper is to present an observer-based control scheme for a DC-DC boost converter with an unknown resistive load and input voltage.

Design/methodology/approachTo estimate the unknown input voltage and resistive load, a nonlinear observer is designed by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. In addition, the closed-loop stability of the proposed control scheme for the DC-DC boost converter is proven. To convert the continuous control input to discrete mode, a sigma–delta modulator is used.

FindingsThe proposed control scheme is validated in different situations. The adaptive structure of the proposed control scheme is tested by the input voltage, load and reference signal variation, and the simulation results confirm the capability of the proposed observer-based control strategy.

Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is twofold: according to nonlinear controller design, the feedforward term of the nonlinear controller is obtained via the observer, and unlike the proportional–integral controller, performance deterioration in the input voltage and load variations are unraveled. The effectiveness of this method is validated by experimental implementation in the presence of load and input voltage variations, and the experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed strategy.
An approach based on ANFIS and input selection procedure for microwave characterization of dielectric materials
Authors: Sadou Hakim , Hacib Tarik , Acikgoz Hulusi , Le-Bihan Yann , Meyer Olivier , Mekideche Mohamed Rachid 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe principle of microwave characterization of dielectric materials using open-ended coaxial line probe is to link the dielectric properties of the sample under test to the measurements of the probe admittance (Y(f) = G(f)+ jB(f )). The purpose of this paper is to develop an alternative inversion tool able to predict the evolution of the complex permittivity (ε = ε′ – jε″) on a broad band frequency (f from 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz).

Design/methodology/approachThe inverse problem is solved using adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) which needs the creation of a database for its learning. Unfortunately, train ANFIS using f, G and B as inputs has given unsatisfying results. Therefore, an inputs selection procedure is used to select the three optimal inputs from new inputs, created mathematically from original ones, using the Jang method.

FindingsInversion results of measurements give, after training, in real time the complex permittivity of solid and liquid samples with a very good accuracy which prove the applicability of ANFIS to solve inverse problems in microwave characterization.

Originality/valueThe originality of this paper consists on the use of ANFIS with input selection procedure based on the Jang method to solve the inverse problem where the three optimal inputs are selected from 26 new inputs created mathematically from original ones (f, G and B).
Optimal shape design of multi-layered IPMSM using adaptive dynamic Taylor Kriging model
Authors: Xia Bin , Yeon Junmo , Koh Chang Seop 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a numerically efficient multi-objective optimization strategy, which can improve both the efficiency and performance during the optimization process.

Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the multi-objective optimization algorithm by combining multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm with an adaptive dynamic Taylor Kriging (ADTK) model.

FindingsThe proposed approach is validated through application to an analytic example and applied to a shape optimal design of a multi-layered interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for torque ripple reduction while maintaining the average torque.

Originality/valueThe ADTK model selects its basis functions adaptively and dynamically so that it may have better accuracy than any other Kriging models. Through adaptive insertion of new sampling data, it guarantees minimum required sampling data for a desired fitting accuracy.
Optimal design of spoke type motor and magnetizer using FEM and RSM
Authors: Kim Young Hyun , Lee Jung Ho 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis study aims to propose criteria for both optimal-shape and magnetizer-system designs to be used for a high-output spoke-type motor. The study also examines methods of reducing high-cogging torque and torque ripple, to prevent noise and vibration.Design/methodology/approachThe optimal design of the stator and rotor can be enhanced using both a response surface method (RSM) and finite element method (FEM). In addition, a magnetizer system is optimally designed for the magnetization of permanent magnets for use in the motor.FindingsThe criteria not only improve performance but also reduce manufacturing costs. The criteria are verified FEM together with an RSM. These methods are used to optimize the stator and rotor shape and the magnetization system. These methods allow us to produce an efficient system for mass production of the motor.Originality/valueThis study proposed a design method that uses rare earth magnets in a system to replace the spoke-type IPM. To verify the optimal design, torque characteristics were analysed using FEM and RSM. Excellent results were achieved regarding the reduction of cogging torque and torque ripple. In addition, the design of the magnetizer enables a cost-effective mass production system for the motor.
Applying fuzzy interpretive structural modeling to evaluate responsible consumption and production under uncertainty
Authors: Wang Liang , Ma Li , Wu Kuo-Jui , Chiu Anthony S.F. , Nathaphan Sarayut 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to adopt fuzzy interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to develop a precise evaluation framework and provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the understanding of responsible consumption and production (RCP) in academic and industrial fields.Design/methodology/approachAn integration of fuzzy set theory and ISM is proposed to maintain a higher level of consistency and reduce the uncertainty inherent in expert responses.FindingsRCP can be categorized into seven levels, which represent the driving power from higher to lower. The top aspect is management style; the remaining aspects are stakeholder management, regulation compliance, efficiency improvement, sustainable awareness, sustainable production and social responsibility.Research limitations/implicationsThis study attempts to integrate the triple bottom line (TBL) concept and corporate sustainability to develop a significant framework for evaluating RCP. Although the proposed aspects and criteria can be used to evaluate the Chinese construction industry, these may be insufficient for other industries. In addition, further discussion regarding important aspects and criteria is required to complete the theoretical basis.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that the top two criteria are establishing transparent communication channels and promoting managerial attitudes and behavior, which are followed by technology capabilities, organizational culture and stakeholder engagement. These five criteria play important roles when implementing RCP practices among Chinese construction firms.Originality/valueThis study is the first to discuss RCP via an integration of the TBL concept and corporate sustainability. The framework developed herein provides a precise guideline for Chinese construction firms to improve their performance, and it also promotes the efficient use of resources via sustainable practices.
Consumer value considerations and adoption of remanufactured products in closed-loop supply chains
Authors: Wang Yacan , Hazen Benjamin T. , Mollenkopf Diane A. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe success of closed loop supply chains is contingent upon consumer acceptance of remanufactured products, yet little is known about how consumers value such products. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical grounding for understanding consumers’ value perceptions as related to remanufactured products.Design/methodology/approachDiffusion of innovation theory and customer perceived value literature help form the theoretical model, which is tested empirically using survey data of consumers. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypotheses.FindingsPerceived value of remanufactured products is measured as a function of perceived benefits (environmental benefits; price advantage) and perceived sacrifices (perceived quality; perceived risk), all of which are shown to impact perceived value. Additionally, perceived risk is found to partially mediate the relationship between perceived quality and perceived value.Originality/valueThis research makes two significant contributions. First, mid-range theory that is contextualized to the closed loop supply chain is developed to aid researchers and practitioners in better understanding the consumer’s role in the closed loop supply chain, as related to the acceptance of remanufactured products. Second, consumer acceptance of remanufactured products represents a form of supply chain demand risk that has previously been unrecognized. The results provide a foundation for incorporating this type of demand risk in to future research efforts.
Competency and effectiveness of internal Shariah audit in Islamic financial institutions
Authors: Khalid Azam Abdelhakeem , Haron Hasnah , Masron Tajul Ariffin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose the conceptual relationship between competency and effectiveness of internal Shariah auditors in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs).

Design/methodology/approach
Normative and theorizing based on the main sources of Islam, mainly Maqasid al-Shariah theory, has been utilized in this research.

Findings
This study demonstrated how Maqasid al-Shariah or higher objectives of Islamic law have gradually captured the attention of increasing numbers of modern Muslim scholars for solving contemporary issues.

Originality/value
This study uniquely captured Maqasid al-Shariah for the competency of internal Shariah auditor.
Analysis of commodity reserve currency system from Siyasah Shariyyah perspective
Authors: Ahmed Jameel , Meera Ahamed Kameel Mydin , Saleem Muhammad Yusuf , Collins Patrick 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to apply the doctrine ofsiyasah shariyyahto a policy proposal in the area of monetary economics, namely, the Grondona system of conditional currency convertibility, which has been proposed as a practical means of resisting the economic instability caused by the present-day fiat money system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses library research to review the literature relevant to the Grondona system, and examines the extent to which its operations conform to the principle ofsiyasah shariyyah, thereby encouraging Maslahah, i.e. the public interest.FindingsIt has been found that the Grondona system conforms to the philosophy ofsiyasah shariyyahbecause it promotes public welfare in a number of ways. First, it is based on the fundamental principle of Prophet Yusuf’s/Joseph (peace be upon him) economic planning, which is accumulating reserves of primary commodities during times of plenty and releasing those reserves of commodities during periods of scarcity. Second, it provides the necessary linkage between the monetary world and the real economy. Third, it could be implemented in parallel with the existing monetary system by using the national currency. Fourth, it would help the least developed countries of the world, which mainly depend on exports of primary commodities (mostly agricultural).Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research approach, this research study is theoretical in nature. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to evaluate the system from economic perspective based on simulation for the purpose of possible implementation.Practical implicationsThe paper includes important implications for the policymakers in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries for the possible implementation of Grondona system.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to apply the philosophy ofsiyasah shariyyahto the area of monetary economics.