bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genome-wide Study of Common and Rare Genetic Variants Associated with Circulating Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor
Authors: Stanne Tara , Olsson Maja , Lorentzen Erik , Pedersen Annie , Gummesson Anders , Gils Ann , Jood Katarina , Engström Gunnar , Melander Olle , Declerck Paul , Jern Christina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) plays a central role in haemostasis, and plasma TAFI concentrations are heritable. Candidate gene studies have identified several variants within the gene encoding TAFI, CPB2, that explain part of the estimated heritability. Here, we describe an exploratory genome-wide association study to identify novel variants within and outside of the CPB2 locus that influence plasma concentrations of intact TAFI and/or the extent of TAFI activation (measured by released TAFI activation peptide, TAFI-AP) amongst 3,260 subjects from Southern Sweden. We also explored the role of rare variants on the HumanExome BeadChip. We confirmed the association with previously reported common variants in CPB2 for both intact TAFI and TAFI-AP, and discovered novel associations with variants in putative CPB2 enhancers. We identified a gene-based association with intact TAFI at CPB2 (P
SKAT-O = 2.8 × 10−8), driven by two novel rare nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; I420N and D177G). Carriers of the rare variant of D177G (rs140446990; MAF 0.2%) had lower intact TAFI and TAFI-AP concentrations compared with non-carriers (intact TAFI, geometric mean 53 vs. 78%, P
T-test = 5 × 10−7; TAFI-AP 63 vs. 99%, P
T-test = 7.2 × 10−4). For TAFI-AP, we identified a genome-wide significant association at an intergenic region of chromosome 3p14.1 and five gene-based associations (all P
SKAT-O < 5 × 10−6). Using well-characterized assays together with a genome-wide association study and a rare-variant approach, we verified CPB2 to be the primary determinant of TAFI concentrations and identified putative secondary loci (candidate variants and genes) associated with intact TAFI and TAFI-AP that require independent validation.
Relation of Renal Dysfunction to Quality of Anticoagulation Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The FANTASIIA Registry
Authors: Esteve-Pastor María , Rivera-Caravaca José , Roldán-Rabadán Inmaculada , Roldán Vanessa , Muñiz Javier , Raña-Míguez Paula , Ruiz-Ortiz Martín , Cequier Ángel , Bertomeu-Martínez Vicente , Badimón Lina , Anguita Manuel , Lip Gregory , Marín Francisco ,   on behalf of FANTASIIA Study Investigators
Published: January 2018

Background One-third of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients have chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition that itself increases thromboembolic and major bleeding risks, especially in patients with severe CKD. Bleeding would be accentuated by suboptimal anticoagulation control with vitamin K antagonists (VKA).
Purpose This article aimed to investigate the incidence of cardiovascular events, mortality and quality of anticoagulation in relation to CKD in a ‘real-world’ prospective cohort of AF patients included in the FANTASIIA registry.
Methods We analysed consecutive AF patients who were prospectively recruited with a year of follow-up. The quality of anticoagulation was estimated by time in therapeutic range (TTR). The annual incidence of events was analysed.
Results We studied 1,936 patients (male: 55.7%, mean: 73.8 ± 9.4 years): 445 (22.9%) had normal function, 698 (36.1%) had mild CKD, 713 (36.8%) had moderate CKD and 80 (4.2%) had severe CKD. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (severe CKD) had lower TTR (53.3 ± 25.6% vs. 61.8 ± 25.1%, p = 0.007) and higher proportion of poor TTR (67.2 vs. 51.8%; p = 0.014) than patients with eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Severe CKD was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 9.33; p = 0.002), major bleeding (HR: 2.94; p = 0.036) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (HR: 4.93; p = 0.004). Importantly, 375 patients (21.1%) showed a deteriorating eGFR of ≥10 mL/min during the follow-up, with significantly higher mortality and cardiovascular events.
Conclusion In a prospective and real-world AF registry, approximately 67% of patients with severe CKD had poor anticoagulation control while taking VKA. The presence of severe CKD was an independent factor for cardiovascular mortality, MACE and major bleeding. Worsening eGFR of only ≥10 mL/min during follow-up was significantly associated with mortality and major bleeding.
P2X1 Receptors Amplify FcγRIIa-Induced Ca2+ Increases and Functional Responses in Human Platelets
Authors: Ilkan Zeki , Watson Stephanie , Watson Steve , Mahaut-Smith Martyn 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPlatelets express key receptors of the innate immune system such as FcγRIIa and Toll-like receptors (TLR). P2X1 cation channels amplify the platelet responses to several major platelet stimuli, particularly glycoprotein (GP)VI and TLR2/1, whereas their contribution to Src tyrosine kinase-dependent FcγRIIa receptors remains unknown. We investigated the role of P2X1 receptors during activation of FcγRIIa in human platelets, following stimulation by cross-linking of an anti-FcγRIIa monoclonal antibody (mAb) IV.3, or bacterial stimulation with Streptococcus sanguinis. Activation was assessed in washed platelet suspensions via measurement of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increases, ATP release and aggregation. P2X1 activity was abolished by pre-addition of α,β-meATP, exclusion of apyrase or the antagonist NF449. FcγRIIa activation evoked a robust increase in [Ca2+]i (441 ± 33 nM at 30 μg/mL mAb), which was reduced to a similar extent (to 66–70% of control) by NF449, pre-exposure to α,β-meATP or apyrase omission, demonstrating a significant P2X1 receptor contribution. FcγRIIa activation-dependent P2X1 responses were partially resistant to nitric oxide (NO), but abrogated by 500 nM prostacyclin (PGI2). Aggregation responses to bacteria and FcγRIIa activation were also inhibited by P2X1 receptor desensitization (to 66 and 42% of control, respectively). However, FcγRIIa-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and ATP release were not significantly altered by the loss of P2X1 activity. In conclusion, we show that P2X1 receptors enhance platelet FcγRIIa receptor-evoked aggregation through an increase in [Ca2+]i downstream of the initial tyrosine phosphorylation events and early dense granule release. This represents a further route whereby ATP-gated cation channels can contribute to platelet-dependent immune responses in vivo.
Activated Factor X-Based versus Thrombin-Based Antithrombin Testing in Thrombophilia Workup in the DOAC Era
Authors: Rühl Heiko , Reda Sara , Müller Jens , Oldenburg Johannes , Pötzsch Bernd 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAntithrombin (AT) activity tests are used for diagnosing hereditary AT deficiency, a main genetic determinant of thrombophilia. They are either based on inhibition of thrombin (FIIa) or activated factor X (FXa). FXa-based assays have been suggested to be preferable to FIIa-based assays due to their higher sensitivity for certain AT deficiency causing mutations. To assess the performance of these two methods in a real-world scenario, 745 consecutively collected samples from patients referred to our institute during a 3-month period for thrombophilia testing were analysed. In samples from patients not receiving direct-acting oral anticoagulants or heparins (n = 485), both methods showed good agreement (r = 0.874, Bland–Altman limits of agreement 6.57%, −15.76%). While similar results were obtained in patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH, n = 76, r = 0.891, 4.09%, −14.35%), the agreement was lower in patients receiving rivaroxaban (n = 86, r = 0.570, 5.97%, −49.43%) and apixaban (n = 72, r = 0.735, 3.77%, −42.45%). Direct FXa inhibitors but not LMWH increased FXa-based assay results in a dose-dependent manner, while the FIIa-based test was unaffected. Both assay types were equally successful in detecting hereditary AT deficiency in our study population, as samples from 9 out of 10 patients with AT deficiency causing mutations were detected by each method. These data suggest that FXa-based AT testing can be preferred over FIIa-based methods only in the absence of direct FXa inhibitors. In patients receiving direct FXa inhibitors, AT activity testing should be performed using FIIa-based assays.
Predictors of Post-Thrombotic Ulcer after Acute DVT: The RIETE Registry
Authors: Galanaud Jean-Philippe , Bertoletti Laurent , Amitrano Maria , Fernández-Capitán Carmen , Pedrajas José , Rosa Vladimir , Barrón Manuel , Lorenzo Alicia , Madridano Olga , Quéré Isabelle , Kahn Susan , Prandoni Paolo , Monreal Manuel ,   for the RIETE registry investigators
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn patients with deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs, venous ulcer is the most debilitating and end-stage clinical expression of the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). To date, risk factors for PTS-related ulcer in DVT patients have not been identified.We used the international observational RIETE registry to assess the evolution of PTS signs and symptoms during a 3-year follow-up period and to identify independent predictors of PTS ulcer at 1 year in patients with acute DVT.Among 1,866 eligible patients, cumulative rates of PTS ulcer at 1, 2 and 3 years were 2.7% (n = 50), 4.3% (n = 54) and 7.1% (n = 60), respectively. The proportion of patients with PTS symptoms at 1, 2 or 3 years remained stable (≈40%), while the proportion of patients with PTS signs increased slightly over time (from 49 to 53%). Prior history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (odds ratio [OR] = 5.5 [2.8–10.9]), diabetes (OR = 2.3 [1.1–4.7]), pre-existing leg varicosities (OR = 3.2 [1.7–6.1]) and male sex (OR = 2.5 [1.3–5.1]) independently increased the risk of PTS ulcer at 1 year. Obesity also increased the risk but failed to reach statistical significance (OR = 1.8 [0.9–3.3]). DVT treatment characteristics (duration or drug) did not influence the risk.Our results evidence that after acute DVT, pre-existing leg varicosities, prior venous thromboembolism, diabetes and male gender independently increased the risk for PTS ulcer. This suggests that clinicians should consider strategies aimed to prevent ulcers in high-risk DVT patients, such as preventing VTE recurrence, use of stockings in those with pre-existing venous insufficiency, careful monitoring of diabetic patients and encouraging weight loss in obese patients.
Computational Design and Simulation of Bending-Active Auxetic Structures
Authors: Naboni Roberto , Mirante Lorenzo 
Published: January 2018

O artigo investiga a potencial aplicação de estruturas auxéticas na arquitetura através da combinação de métodos de desenho computacional e Manufatura Aditiva (MA). Essa classe de materiais apresenta comportamento interessante relacionado à característica pouco comum de possuir coeficiente de Poisson negativo, ou seja, ao contrário de outros materiais, quando tracionados expandem-se transversalmente e quando comprimidos contraem-se transversalmente. Explora-se um novo campo de pesquisa e design onde diferentes arranjos de auxéticos são estudados com intuito de informar um processo de form-finding de estruturas de cascas nervuradas sinclásticas de flexão-ativa (bending-active). Metodologias computacionais foram empregadas para visualizar o comportamento dinâmico destas estruturas utilizando Sistemas Massa-Mola. Princípios para o projeto e fabricação de cascas nervuradas auxéticas são investigados através de fabricação aditiva em diferentes escalas. Este processo é empregado para produzir modelos em escala úteis para a compreensão do comportamento auxético, assim como visionar a fabricação de mega-estruturas auxéticas com organização micro estrutural ótima. A resistência à flexão destes sistemas é cautelosamente controlada pelo uso de arranjos de enchimento variável informados por análise estrutural. Finalmente, é proposto um protótipo de casca nervurada em tamanho real como estudo de caso, em conjunto com um novo conceito para sua construção em fabricação aditiva in situ.
A Buddhist Foundation in Śārdīysa
Authors: Bakker Hans 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article adduces reasons in support of the view that the famous Schøyen Copper Scroll does not come from Afghanistan (Bactria), as maintained by its editor Gudrun Melzer, but belongs to the land south of the Hindu Kush. The donation of a Buddhist Stūpa, recorded in the scroll, was officially made by the Devaputra King of Tālagāna, which may have been a place in the Panjab. It is argued, however, that this pious foundation was organized in particular by his Queen, who is said to have been the daughter of the King of Sārada. The first person speaking in the last 7 verses of the inscription may be identified as this Queen of Tālagāna, who speaks of her homecountry, indicating that the donated Stūpa was erected in the land of Sārada. The village in which the Stūpa was erected is called Śārdīysa. This village, it is argued, can be identified with the present-day village of Śārdi in the Neelum Valley of Kashmir. This region of Kashmir was controlled by the Hūṇa (Alchon) king Mehama, under whose rule the foundation is said to have taken place. The Alchon kings Khīṅgīla and Toramāna may have been mentioned in the scroll on account of their control over Gandhāra and the Panjab, in which the donor institution of Tālagāna was situated. The fourth Alchon king mentioned in the scroll, Javūkha, probably reigned in the Swat Valley. These four Alchon kings formed a confederacy, well-known from their common coinage. The scroll evinces that they were involved in the patronage of Buddhism.
Procedure of Issuing Religious Divorce and Resolving Matrimonial Disputes at Sharīʿah Councils in the uk
Authors: Cusairi Rafidah Mohamad , Zahraa Mahdi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The unavailability of civil courts to hear cases relating to Muslim family law and other related matters persuaded community leaders and religious scholars in the United Kingdom to establish several Sharīʿah councils. This article explores the role played by these councils in resolving matrimonial disputes, especially the process and procedure of issuing an Islamic divorce. Library and empirical research methods were employed. Three main uk Sharīʿah councils were visited wherein mediation and arbitration sessions, as well as monthly meetings, were observed to examine how disputes are handled and decisions made. The study leads to several findings. Mediation and arbitration are the main methods used in the process, and despite the relative success of Sharīʿah councils, they face challenges resulting from the dichotomy and overlapping jurisdictions of Islamic and English family law and the non-alignment of divorce issued by uk courts and religious divorce.
Does Your Lab Use Social Media?: Sharing Three Years of Experience in Science Communication
Authors: Pavlov A. K. , Meyer A. , Rösel A. , Cohen L. , King J. , Itkin P. , Negrel J. , Gerland S. , Hudson S. R. , Dodd P. A. , de Steur L. , Mathisen S. , Cobbing N. , Granskog M. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEffective science communication is essential to share knowledge and recruit the next generation of researchers. Science communication to the general public can, however, be hampered by limited resources and a lack of incentives in the academic environment. Various social media platforms have recently emerged, providing free and simple science communication tools to reach the public and young people especially, an audience often missed by more conventional outreach initiatives. While individual researchers and large institutions are present on social media, smaller research groups are underrepresented. As a small group of oceanographers, sea ice scientists, and atmospheric scientists at the Norwegian Polar Institute, we share our experience establishing, developing, and maintaining a successful Arctic science communication initiative (@oceanseaicenpi) on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. The initiative is run entirely by a team of researchers with limited time and financial resources. It has built a broad audience of more than 7,000 followers, half of which is associated with the team’s Instagram account. To our knowledge, @oceanseaicenpi is one of the most successful Earth sciences Instagram accounts managed by researchers. The initiative has boosted the alternative metric scores of our publications and helped participating researchers become better writers and communicators. We hope to inspire and help other research groups by providing some guidelines on how to develop and conduct effective science communication via social media.
Instructional strategies used in direct AAC interventions with children to support graphic symbol learning: A systematic review
Authors: Lynch Yvonne , McCleary Muireann , Smith Martine 
Published: January 2018

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) refers to a wide range of aided and unaided modes that are employed with a diverse group of people to support a range of language and communication outcomes. Children whose comprehension of spoken language greatly exceeds their ability to express themselves within that modality can be described as expressive users of AAC. Interventions are important in promoting language acquisition and the expressive use of graphic symbols. Instructional strategies employed within interventions have an important impact on treatment effectiveness. A systematic review was undertaken to identify instructional strategies that have demonstrated effectiveness in supporting graphic symbol learning and aided language development in direct interventions with children aged 0–18 years who are expressive users of aided AAC (including children without learning difficulties and those with mild-moderate learning difficulties). A comprehensive search strategy was carried out and all studies meeting the inclusion criteria were quality appraised. A data extraction procedure was conducted on the studies meeting the quality appraisal criteria. Fifteen studies were included in the review investigating four instructional strategies used to support graphic symbol learning. The most studied instructional strategy, aided modeling, can be considered an evidenced-based practice. There is also strong research evidence to support the use of both narrative-based interventions and mand-model procedures to facilitate graphic symbol learning and aided language acquisition in children who are expressive users of aided AAC. However, across the literature reviewed, a lack of consistent terminology hampered the ability to compare studies and draw conclusions. More consistent use of terminology would enhance the utility of the evidence base.
Diaphragmatic dysfunction in sepsis due to severe acute pancreatitis complicated by intra-abdominal hypertension
Authors: Liao Wei-Chao , Chen Yan-Hong , Li Hang-Yang , Wang Ting-Ting , Lan Peng , Pan Kong-Han , Ge Hui-Qing , Xie Qiang-min , Zhou Jian-Cang 
Published: January 2018

Objective This study aimed to examine the mechanism of diaphragmatic dysfunction in sepsis due to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) in a rat model. Methods The rats were assigned at random to four groups: (1) control (n = 5), (2) SAP (n = 5), (3) SAP+IAH (n = 5), and (4) SAP+IAH+SS-31 (n = 5). Length and force output of the diaphragm were analysed in vivo. Histopathological examinations were performed by haematoxylin–eosin. Oxidative stress levels related to protease in diaphragmatic mitochondria were detected with a colorimetric technique. Results In the septic rat model due to SAP complicated by IAH, myofibres were increased. Muscle contractile function was significantly lower in the SAP+IAH group compared with the SAP and control groups. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly lower and malondialdehyde levels were higher in the SAP and SAP+IAH groups compared with the control group. Notably, SS-31 could reverse atrophy of myofibres in SAP+IAH rats, as well as contractile dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction in the diaphragm. Conclusions Diaphragmatic structure and biomechanics are altered in septic rats due to SAP and IAH. This finding is mainly due to an increase in release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
Physical Activity of Adults with Mental Retardation: Review and Research Needs
Authors: Temple Viviene A. , Frey Georgia C. , Stanish Heidi I. 
Published: January 2018

Objective To characterize physical activity levels of adults with mental retardation and identify limitations in published research. Data Sources Key word searches for “mental retardation, ” “intellectual disability, ” “learning disability, ” or “developmental disability” combined with “physical activity” or “habitual exercise” identified articles from MEDLINE, Academic Search Elite, Psych Articles, Health Source, and SPORT Discus. This produced a total of 801 citations. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Published English-language literature that quantitatively measured physical activity levels of adults with mental retardation was included in this review. Fourteen articles met this criterion. Data Extraction Characteristics of participants, study design, outcome measures, methods of analyses, and findings in terms of percentages, step counts, and acceleromeler output were extracted. Data Synthesis Data were synthesized to identify the percentage of adults with mental retardation who met published health-related physical activity criteria and compare them with adults without mental retardation and to examine study limitations. Results The studies with the greatest rigor indicate that one-third of adults or fewer with mental retardation were sufficiently active to achieve health benefits. However, data are insufficient to determine whether adults with mental retardation are less active than the general community. Conclusions Future research would be enhanced by including appropriately powered representative samples, by including comparison groups, by validating physical activity questionnaires, and by determining the accuracy of proxy respondents.
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Young Elementary School Children's Intentions to Consume Legumes: A Test of the Theory of Reasoned Action
Authors: Folta Sara C. , Bell Rick , Economos Christina , Landers Stewart , Goldberg Jeanne P. 
Published: January 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to test the utility of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in explaining young elementary school children's intention to consume legumes. Methods A survey was conducted with children in an urban, multicultural community in Massachusetts. A total of 336 children participated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the strength of the relationship between attitude and subjective norm and intention. Results Although attitude was significantly associated with intention, the pseudo-R2 for the regression model that included only the TRA constructs was extremely low (.01). Adding demographic factors and preference improved the model's predictive ability, but attitude was no longer significant. Conclusion The results of this study do not provide support for the predictive utility of the TRA with young elementary school children for this behavior, when demographic factors are accounted for. Hedonic factors, rather than reasoned judgments, may help drive children's intentions.