bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale photospheric motions determined from granule tracking and helioseismology from SDO/HMI
data
Authors: Roudier Th. , Švanda M. , Ballot J. , Malherbe J. M. , Rieutord M. 
Published: December 2017

Context. Large-scale flows in the Sun play an important role in the dynamo process linked to the solar cycle. The important large-scale flows are the differential rotation and the meridional circulation with an amplitude of km s−1 and few m s−1, respectively. These flows also have a cycle-related components, namely the torsional oscillations.Aim. Our attempt is to determine large-scale plasma flows on the solar surface by deriving horizontal flow velocities using the techniques of solar granule tracking, dopplergrams, and time–distance helioseismology.Methods. Coherent structure tracking (CST) and time-distance helioseismology were used to investigate the solar differential rotation and meridional circulation at the solar surface on a 30-day HMI/SDO sequence. The influence of a large sunspot on these large-scale flows with a specific 7-day HMI/SDO sequence has been also studied.Results. The large-scale flows measured by the CST on the solar surface and the same flow determined from the same data with the helioseismology in the first 1 Mm below the surface are in good agreement in amplitude and direction. The torsional waves are also located at the same latitudes with amplitude of the same order. We are able to measure the meridional circulation correctly using the CST method with only 3 days of data and after averaging between ± 15° in longitude.Conclusions. We conclude that the combination of CST and Doppler velocities allows us to detect properly the differential solar rotation and also smaller amplitude flows such as the meridional circulation and torsional waves. The results of our methods are in good agreement with helioseismic measurements.
Bowel Obstruction: Decompressive Gastrostomies and Cecostomies
Authors: Mohan Prasoon , Tartaglione Robert , Narayanan Govindarajan , Miller Zoe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOver the past 30 years, image-guided placement of gastrostomies and cecostomies for gastrointestinal decompression has developed into a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic bowel obstruction. Gastrostomies and cecostomies relieve patient symptoms, can prevent serious complications such as colonic perforation, and may bridge patients to more definitive treatment for the underlying cause of obstruction. This article will review the history of decompressive gastrostomies and cecostomies as well as the indications, contraindications, technique, complications, and outcomes of these procedures.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy before Posterior Fossa Tumor Surgery in Adult Patients
Authors: El Damaty Ahmed , Manwaring Jotham , El Refaee Ehab , Fleck Steffen , Fritsch Michael , Gaab Michael , Schroeder H.W.S. , Baldauf Jörg , Marx Sascha 
Published: December 2017

Objective Obstructive hydrocephalus in patients with posterior fossa tumors is frequently seen. Treatment options include immediate tumor removal or prior cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures. The necessity and feasibility of an ETV in these situations has not yet been proven in adult patients.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively maintained database for ETVs before surgery of posterior fossa tumors in adults. The primary focus of data analyses was the question of whether the ETV was suitable to treat the acute situation of hydrocephalus without an increased rate of complications due to the special anatomical situation with a posterior fossa tumor. We also analyzed whether any further CSF diverting procedures were necessary.
Results A total of 40 adult patients who underwent an ETV before posterior fossa tumor surgery were analyzed. Overall, 33 patients (82.5%) had clinical signs of hydrocephalus, and all of them improved in their clinical course after ETV. Seven patients (17.5%) did not demonstrate clinical signs of hydrocephalus, but ETV was performed with prophylactic or palliative intent in six patients and one patient, respectively. No complications were observed due to ETV itself. No permanent shunting procedure was necessary in a mean follow-up of 76.5 months. Early additional CSF diverting procedures (redo ETV, external ventricular drain) were performed in five patients (12.5%).
Conclusion The present series confirms the feasibility and safety of ETV before posterior fossa tumor surgery in adult patients. If patients had symptomatic hydrocephalus before tumor surgery, an ETV can be performed, followed by early elective tumor surgery. A prophylactic ETV in asymptomatic patients is not advised. Early elective tumor surgery should be performed in these patients.
Lacking Benefit of Intraoperative High-Dose Dexamethasone in Instrumented Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Wiederhold Henrich , Geiger Matthias , Clusmann Hans , Müller Christian , Blume Christian 
Published: December 2017

Background Our objective was to investigate the effect of intraoperative dexamethasone administration on wound healing, complications, and clinical outcome in patients with posterior surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).
Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients with CSM undergoing dorsal instrumentation and decompression of the cervical spine. The senior surgeon decided if administration of dexamethasone (40 mg intravenously) was indicated. Patients were divided into two groups: dexamethasone group (DG) and non-dexamethasone group (nDG). All patients were monitored for pre- and postoperative neurologic symptoms and complications. Clinical follow-up was evaluated with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score.
Results A total of 49 patients were included (DG, 25; nDG, 24). DG and nDG patients showed no significant differences in pre- and postoperative findings. Five patients in the DG had wound healing complications compared with patients in the nDG (p = 0.021), and one died due to infection. Apart from that, we did not observe any significant differences between the two groups regarding complications, neurologic symptoms, and follow-up (NDI and mJOA).
Conclusion Intraoperative dexamethasone administration had no influence on the postoperative outcome and follow-up. A significantly higher rate of wound infections was detected in the DG. These data support the hypothesis that intraoperative dexamethasone bolus application in CSM lacks benefit.
How Reliable Is Pupillary Evaluation Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? Effect of Oculomotor Nerve Degeneration Secondary to Posterior Communicating Artery Vasospasm: First Experimental Study
Authors: Ozturk Cengiz , Ozdemir Nuriye , Aydin Mehmet , Findik Huseyin , Aydin Nazan , Kabalar Mehmet , Kazdal Hizir , Yolas Coskun , Baykal Orhan , Calik Muhammet , Kanat Ayhan 
Published: December 2017

Background and Study Aim  Basic neurophysiologic principles of the light reflex are well known. However, the effects of degenerated axon densities of oculomotor nerves (OMNs) secondary to posterior communicating artery (PComA) vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been investigated. Our aim was to study this subject.
Methods This study was conducted on 19 rabbits. There was a control group of five animals, a sham group of five animals in which saline was injected into the cisterna magna and a study group of nine animals in which homologous blood was injected into the cisterna magna. Pupillary diameters were measured for 1 week, then the animals were decapitated. The normal and degenerated axon densities of the OMNs were examined by stereological methods. Vasospasm indexes (VSIs) of posterior communicating arteries (PComAs) supplying OMNs were estimated and analyzed statistically.
Results The pupillary diameter was 5.439 ± 368 µm, and the mean axon density of the OMNs was 0.924 ± 324/mm3 in the control group. The pupillary diameter and degenerated axon density of the OMNs in animals of the sham group were 6.980 ± 0.370 µm and 36 ± 8/mm3, respectively. The pupillary diameter was 9.942 ± 653 µm, and degenerated axon density of the OMNs was 265 ± 57/mm3 in animals with SAH. The mean VSI values of PComAs were 0.927 ± 0.224 in the control group, 1.542 ± 0.257 in the sham group, and 2.321 ± 0.324 in the SAH group.
Conclusion We found a linear relationship between the axon density of the OMNs and pupillary diameters. High degenerated neuron density in the OMNs may be responsible for an unresponsive pupillary that has not been mentioned in the literature.
Comparison of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy and Open Lumbar Microdiskectomy for Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Lee Jung-Sup , Pee Yong-Hun , Jang Jee-Soo , Jang Il-Tae , Kim Hyeun-Sung 
Published: December 2017

Objective To establish the appropriateness of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (PELD) by comparing it with open lumbar microdiskectomy (OLM) for surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disk herniation.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 83 patients who underwent revision surgery (group A: PELD, 35 cases; group B: OLM, 48 cases) for recurrent lumbar disk herniation between March 2009 and April 2014. All of the patients were followed > 12 months. To evaluate outcomes, we checked the leg and back visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), complications, and recurrence for all patients.
Results The mean improvement of VAS for leg was 5.97 ± 0.98 for group A and 5.62 ± 1.42 for group B (p = 0.194). The mean improvement of VAS for back pain was 2.71 ± 1.30 for group A and 2.29 ± 1.41 for group B (p = 0.168). The mean improvement of ODI scores was 28.86 ± 3.93 for group A and 28.00 ± 4.22 for group B (p = 0.350). Total surgery-related complications were none for group A and nine for group B (p = 0.009). Group A had one subject with surgery-related neurologic symptoms and group B had four (p = 0.391). Recurrence occurred in two patients in group A and seven patients in group B (p = 0.291).
Conclusion PELD and OLM have favorable clinical outcomes in patients with recurrent lumbar disk herniation, and PELD results in fewer complications compared with OLM. Therefore, PELD may be a better alternative to OLM for patients with recurrent lumbar disk herniation.
Predictors of Poor Outcome after Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Anterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Tajima Yosuke , Hayasaka Michihiro , Ebihara Koichi , Kubota Masaaki , Suda Sumio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSuccessful revascularization is one of the main predictors of a favorable clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy. However, even if mechanical thrombectomy is successful, some patients have a poor clinical outcome. This study aimed to investigate the clinical, imaging, and procedural factors that are predictive of poor clinical outcomes despite successful revascularization after mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke. The authors evaluated 69 consecutive patients (mean age, 74.6 years, 29 women) who presented with acute ischemic stroke due to internal cerebral artery or middle cerebral artery occlusions and who were successfully treated with mechanical thrombectomy between July 2014 and November 2016. A good outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 3 months after treatment. The associations between the clinical, imaging, and procedural factors and poor outcome were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Using multivariate analyses, the authors found that the preoperative National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (odds ratio [OR], 1.152; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004–1.325; p = 0.028), the diffusion-weighted imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI-ASPECTS) (OR, 0.604; 95% CI, 0.412–0.882; p = 0.003), and a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b classification (OR, 4.521; 95% CI, 1.140–17.885; p = 0.026) were independent predictors of poor outcome. Complete revascularization to reduce the infarct volume should be performed, especially in patients with a high DWI-ASPECTS, to increase the likelihood of a good outcome.
Wo und wie wirkt Yoga? – Eine wissenschaftliche Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Cramer Holger 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs a traditional health care system, yoga combines physical activity, breathing techniques and meditation. It is increasingly used as a preventive or therapeutic means. Yoga has been researched in hundreds of randomized controlled trials. Positive effects are especially found for chronic pain conditions, hypertension, depression and in supportive cancer care. While there are case reports of serious adverse events associated with yoga, the risk seems to be extremely low and comparable to other forms of physical activity. Yoga can thus be considered as a safe and effective adjunct therapy for a number of conditions.
Embedding cultural conceptualization within an adopted language
Authors: Malcolm Ian G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough a minority of Indigenous Australians still use their heritage languages, English has been largely adopted by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as their medium of communication both within and beyond their communities. In the period since English first reached Australia in 1788, a dialect has emerged, drawing on English, contact language, and Indigenous language sources, to enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander speakers to maintain cultural conceptual continuity while communicating in a dramatically changed environment. In the perspective of Cultural Linguistics it can be shown that many of the modifications in the lexicon, grammar, phonology, and discourse of English as used by Indigenous Australians can be related to cultural/conceptual principles, of which five are illustrated here: interconnectedness, embodiment, group reference, orientation to motion, and orientation to observation. This is demonstrated here with data from varieties of Aboriginal English spoken in diverse Australian locations.1The understanding of Aboriginal English this gives has implications for cross-cultural communication and for education.
Matrimonial adverts in Indian English
Authors: Polzenhagen Frank , Frey Sandra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOur paper readdresses the Kachruvian notion of ‘contextualisation’ from a cultural-linguistic/cognitive-sociolinguistic perspective. We provide an exemplary analysis along these lines, using data from a corpus of Indian-English matrimonial advertisements as our empirical basis. Taking the dimensions of contextualisation distinguished in Kachru’s original framework as a matrix, we show that instances of nativisation detected in the data can be fruitfully spelled out in terms of their underlying cultural conceptualisations and are often interrelated against this background. Furthermore, we suggest that the notion of contextualisation can be profitably applied to entire text types. At a general level, we argue that an analysis that addresses cultural cognition at group level can overcome limitations of descriptive approaches in the study of L2-varieties and provide common ground for a joint endeavour of various research paradigms and disciplines.
A corpus-based analysis of cultural conceptualizations from the domains of family and money in Hong Kong English
Authors: Latić Denisa , Wolf Hans-Georg 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hong Kong culture blends paradoxes: In it, life and death, the real and the other world coexist in the traditions of its inhabitants, which eventually surface in the variety of English spoken in this Special Administrative Region of China. Our corpus-linguistic analysis, on the basis of ICE-HK and the GloWbE (Davies 2013) corpus,1 demonstrates the centrality of the family concept and its ramifications as well as its relation to the concept of money in Hong Kong English. The conceptualization children are an investment does not only show the conceptual network family and money belong to, but also lucidly shows the dynamics within the parent-child relationship, which is governed by filial piety and elderly care when the investment bears fruit. Collocations such as ‘hungry ghost,’ ‘hell money,’ and ‘worship ancestors’ are combinations of common core English terms that underwent semantic extension under the influence of the local Hong Kong cultural context. Our data shows how tightly language and culture are linked and that culture and cultural changes are the main factors to influence language and its development.
Cultural conceptualisations in Vietnamese English1
Authors: Dinh Thuy Ngoc 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fact that English has been used as a means of global communication appears to bring about the association of English with multiple cultural conceptualisations regardless of its roles in different contexts. The purpose of the present paper is to explore and argue for the existence of ‘Vietnamese English’, a variety developed by Vietnamese users of English with its own lexical specifics and underlying cultural conceptualisations. The most important areas of the study will include: (1) lexical innovations in Vietnamese English found in the data of the Vietnam Heritage Magazine and locally developed English textbooks in Vietnam; (2) the cultural schemas, categories and metaphors that are entrenched in instances of lexical innovation; and (3) a sample of documenting entries for a yet-to-be-compiled Vietnamese English Dictionary based on the findings.
The implications of demographic and economic projections on public pension spending in the European Union
Authors: Benítez-Aurioles Beatriz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses the implications that demographic and economic projections have on public pension spending in the European Union (EU). Using some stylised facts, we study the aging trends of the population, as well as labour force and employment projections. Indices of both demographic and economic dependence are built. All of this is used to determine the impact on public pension spending in the EU. Although we detect substantial heterogeneity of circumstances, we show that the states in which aging of the population weights more in explaining public pension expenditure growth as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) are generally the ones that make greater efforts to control this spending. Given the limited capacity of policies to increase active population or employment to offset the effects of aging, measures aimed at diminishing the generosity of the public pension system and at promoting private schemes have gained relevance.
Delta: a new web-based 3D genome visualization and analysis platform
Authors: Tang Bixia , Li Feifei , Li Jing , Zhao Wenming , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Summary
Delta is an integrative visualization and analysis platform to facilitate visually annotating and exploring the 3D physical architecture of genomes. Delta takes Hi-C or ChIA-PET contact matrix as input and predicts the topologically associating domains and chromatin loops in the genome. It then generates a physical 3D model which represents the plausible consensus 3D structure of the genome. Delta features a highly interactive visualization tool which enhances the integration of genome topology/physical structure with extensive genome annotation by juxtaposing the 3D model with diverse genomic assay outputs. Finally, by visually comparing the 3D model of the β-globin gene locus and its annotation, we speculated a plausible transitory interaction pattern in the locus. Experimental evidence was found to support this speculation by literature survey. This served as an example of intuitive hypothesis testing with the help of Delta.

Availability and implementation
Delta is freely accessible from http://delta.big.ac.cn, and the source code is available at https://github.com/zhangzhwlab/delta.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
YAAM: Yeast Amino Acid Modifications Database
Authors: Ledesma Leonardo , Sandoval Eduardo , Cruz-Martínez Uriel , Escalante Ana María , Mejía Selene , Moreno-Álvarez Paola , Ávila Emiliano , García Erik , Coello Gerardo , Torres-Quiroz Francisco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProteins are dynamic molecules that regulate a myriad of cellular functions; these functions may be regulated by protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) that mediate the activity, localization and interaction partners of proteins. Thus, understanding the meaning of a single PTM or the combination of several of them is essential to unravel the mechanisms of protein regulation. Yeast Amino Acid Modification (YAAM) (http://yaam.ifc.unam.mx) is a comprehensive database that contains information from 121 921 residues of proteins, which are post-translationally modified in the yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All the PTMs contained in YAAM have been confirmed experimentally. YAAM database maps PTM residues in a 3D canvas for 680 proteins with a known 3D structure. The structure can be visualized and manipulated using the most common web browsers without the need for any additional plugin. The aim of our database is to retrieve and organize data about the location of modified amino acids providing information in a concise but comprehensive and user-friendly way, enabling users to find relevant information on PTMs. Given that PTMs influence almost all aspects of the biology of both healthy and diseased cells, identifying and understanding PTMs is critical in the study of molecular and cell biology. YAAM allows users to perform multiple searches, up to three modifications at the same residue, giving the possibility to explore possible regulatory mechanism for some proteins. Using YAAM search engine, we found three different PTMs of lysine residues involved in protein translation. This suggests an important regulatory mechanism for protein translation that needs to be further studied.Database URL: http://yaam.ifc.unam.mx/
Insights into the Pathophysiology of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: How Do They Differ?
Authors: Ghazawi Feras M. , Zargham Ramin , Gilardino Mirko S. , Sasseville Denis , Jafarian Fatemeh 
Published: December 2017

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To provide information about the clinical presentation of hypertrophic scars and keloids based on their varied structural components.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After completing this continuing education activity, you should be able to:

ABSTRACT
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are firm, raised, erythematous plaques or nodules that manifest when the cicatrix fails to properly heal. They result from pathologic wound healing and often cause pain and decreased quality of life. The appearance of such cosmetically unappealing scars affects the confidence and self-esteem of many patients. These scars can also cause dysfunction by interfering with flexion and extension across joints. Both possess some unique and distinct histochemical and physiologic characteristics that set them apart morphologically and at the molecular level. While these entities have been the focus of research for many years, differentiating between them remains challenging for clinicians.
This article reviews the clinical presentation of aberrant scars and illustrates how they can be differentiated. It outlines their pathophysiology and emphasizes the unique molecular mechanisms underlying each disorder. It also examines how altered expression levels and the distribution of several factors may contribute to their unique clinical characteristics and presentation. Further research is needed to elucidate optimal treatments and preventive measures for these types of aberrant scarring.