bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switch independent task representations in frontal and parietal cortex
Authors: Loose Lasse S. , Wisniewski David , Rusconi Marco , Goschke Thomas , Haynes John-Dylan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlternating between two tasks is effortful and impairs performance. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have found increased activity in fronto-parietal cortex when task switching is required. One possibility is that the additional control demands for switch trials are met by strengthening task representations in the human brain. Alternatively, on switch trials the residual representation of the previous task might impede the buildup of a neural task representation. This would predict weaker task representations on switch trials, thus also explaining the performance costs. To test this, participants were cued to perform one of two similar tasks, with the task being repeated or switched between successive trials. MVPA was used to test which regions encode the tasks and whether this encoding differs between switch and repeat trials. As expected, we found information about task representations in frontal and parietal cortex, but there was no difference in the decoding accuracy of task-related information between switch and repeat trials. Using cross-classification we found that the fronto-parietal cortex encodes tasks using a similar spatial pattern in switch and repeat trials. Thus, task representations in frontal and parietal cortex are largely switch-independent. We found no evidence that neural information about task representations in these regions can explain behavioral costs usually associated with task switching.Significance statementAlternating between two tasks is effortful and slows down performance. One possible explanation is that the representations in the human brain need time to build up and are thus weaker on switch trials, explaining performance costs. Alternatively, task representations might even be enhanced in order to overcome the previous task. Here we used a combination of fMRI and a brain classifier to test whether the additional control demands under switching conditions lead to an increased or decreased strength of task representations in fronto-parietal brain regions. We found that task representations are not significantly modulated by switching processes. Thus, task representations in the human brain cannot account for the performance costs associated with alternating between tasks.
Percentage-Based Author Contribution Index. A universal, measure of author contribution to scientific articles
Authors: Boyer Stéphane , Ikeda Takayoshi , Lefort Marie-Caroline , Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Schmidt Jason M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDeciphering the amount of work provided by different co-authors of a scientific paper has been a recurrent problem in science. Despite the myriad of metrics available, the scientific community still largely relies on the position in the list of authors to evaluate contributions, a metric that attributes subjective and unfounded credit to co-authors. We propose an easy to apply, fair and universally comparable metric to measure and report co-authors contribution in the scientific literature. The proposed Author Contribution Index (ACI) is based on contribution percentages provided by the authors, preferably at the time of submission. Researchers can use ACI for a number of purposes, including comparing the contributions of different authors, describing the contribution profile of a researcher or analysing how contribution changes through time. We provide an example analysis based on data collected from 97 scientists from the field of ecology who voluntarily responded to an online anonymous survey.
Manuscript 101: a data-driven writing exercise for beginning scientists
Authors: Halbisen Michael A. , Ralston Amy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLearning to write a scientific manuscript is one of the most important and rewarding scientific training experiences, yet most young scientists only embark on this experience relatively late in graduate school, after gathering sufficient data in the lab. Yet, familiarity with the process of writing a scientific manuscript and receiving peer reviews, often leads to a more focused and driven experimental approach. To jump-start this training, we developed a protocol for teaching manuscript writing and reviewing in the classroom, appropriate for new graduate or upper-level undergraduate students of developmental biology. First, students are provided one of four cartoon data sets, which are focused on genetic models of animal development. Students are instructed to use their creativity to convert evidence into argument, and then to integrate their interpretations into a manuscript, including an illustrated, mechanistic model figure. After student manuscripts are submitted, manuscripts are redacted and distributed to classmates for peer review. Here, we present our cartoon datasets, homework instructions, and grading rubrics as a new resource for the scientific community. We also describe methods for developing new datasets so that instructors can adapt this activity to other disciplines. Our data-driven manuscript writing exercise, as well as the formative and summative assessments resulting from the peer review, enables students to learn fundamental concepts in developmental genetics. In addition, students practice essential skills of scientific communication, including arguing from evidence, developing and testing models, the unique conventions of scientific writing, and the joys of scientific story telling.
Parallel occurrence of theta and respiration-coupled network oscillations throughout the mouse brain
Authors: Tort Adriano BL , Ponsel Simon , Jessberger Jakob , Yanovsky Yevgenij , Brankačk Jurij , Draguhn Andreas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSlow brain oscillations are usually coherent over long distances and are thought to constitute a means to link distributed cell assemblies. In mice, theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) stand as one of the most studied global slow rhythms. Previous research has suggested that theta takes part in interregional communication required for cognitive functions. However, mice often breathe at theta frequency, and we have recently reported that nasal respiration leads to synchronous network oscillations that are independent of theta. Namely, we showed that respiration-coupled oscillations occur in the hippocampus, prelimbic cortex, and parietal cortex, suggesting that, as theta, respiration-coupled oscillations are also global. In the present work, we sought to extend these findings by tracking respiration while simultaneously recording local field potentials from 15 brain regions of freely moving mice during exploration and REM sleep. We report that respiration-coupled rhythms can be detected in parallel with theta in widespread neocortical regions, from prefrontal to visual areas, and also in subcortical structures such as the thalamus, amygdala and ventral hippocampus. Though both rhythms occur simultaneously, respiration-coupled oscillations are more dominant in frontal regions while theta oscillations prevail in more caudal networks. We conclude that respiration-coupled oscillations are a global brain rhythm suited to entrain distributed networks into a common regime. This pattern might have escaped attention in previous studies due to the absence of respiration monitoring, its similarity with theta oscillations, and its highly variable peak frequency. It should, however, be considered as a widespread signal and potential mechanism of long-range network communication.
Infants are superior in implicit crossmodal learning and use other learning mechanisms than adults
Authors: Rohlf Sophie , Habets Boukje , von Frieling Marco , Röder Brigitte 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhile adults have to continuously adapt their internal representations of the sensory world, infants need to first acquire these models. We used event-related potentials to test the hypothesis that infants extract crossmodal statistics implicitly while adults learn them when task relevant. Six-month-old infants and adults were passively exposed to frequent standard audio-visual combinations (A1V1, A2V2, p=0.35 each), rare recombinations of the standard stimuli (A1V2, A2V1, p=0.10 each), and a rare deviant audio-visual combination with an infrequent auditory and visual element (A3V3, p=0.10). While both infants and adults differentiated between rare deviants and standards at early processing stages, only infants discriminated standards from recombined stimuli at a later processing stage. A second experiment revealed that adults discriminated recombined from standard combinations only when crossmodal combinations were task relevant. These results demonstrate a heightened sensitivity for crossmodal statistics in infants and a change in learning mode from infancy to adulthood.
Natural chromatin is heterogeneous and self associatesin vitro
Authors: Cai Shujun , Song Yajiao , Chen Chen , Shi Jian , Gan Lu 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe 30-nm fiber is commonly found in oligonucleosome arraysin vitrobut rarely found in chromatin within nuclei. To determine how chromatin high-order structure is controlled, we used cryo-ET to study the undigested natural chromatin released from cells that do not have evidence of 30-nm fibersin vivo: picoplankton and yeast. In the presence of divalent cations, most of the chromatin from both organisms is compacted into a large mass. Rare irregular 30-nm fibers do form at the periphery of this mass, some of which include face-to-face interactions. In the absence of divalent cations, picoplankton chromatin decondenses into open zigzags. By contrast, yeast chromatin mostly remains compact with looser nucleosome packing, even after treatment with histone-deacetylase inhibitor. The 3-D configuration of natural chromatin is therefore sensitive to the local environment, but generally nonpermissive of regular motifs, even at the level of oligonucleosomes.
A core speech circuit between primary motor, somatosensory, and auditory cortex: evidence from connectivity and genetic descriptions
Authors: Skipper Jeremy I. , Hasson Uri 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhat adaptations allow humans to produce and perceive speech so effortlessly? We show that speech is supported by a largely undocumented core of structural and functional connectivity between the central sulcus (CS or primary motor and somatosensory cortex) and the transverse temporal gyrus (TTG or primary auditory cortex). Anatomically, we show that CS and TTG cortical thickness covary across individuals and that they are connected by white matter tracts. Neuroimaging network analyses confirm the functional relevance and specificity of these structural relationships. Specifically, the CS and TTG are functionally connected at rest, during natural audiovisual speech perception, and are coactive over a large variety of linguistic stimuli and tasks. Importantly, across structural and functional analyses, connectivity of regions immediately adjacent to the TTG are with premotor and prefrontal regions rather than the CS. Finally, we show that this structural/functional CS-TTG relationship is mediated by a constellation of genes associated with vocal learning and disorders of efference copy. We propose that this core circuit constitutes an interface for rapidly exchanging articulatory and acoustic information and discuss implications for current models of speech.
NMR Analysis of the interaction of Ethanol With the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: Naugler David , Cushley Robert J. , Clark-Lewis Ian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEthanol exerts its actions in the central and peripheral nervous systems through the direct interactions with several proteins, including ligand-gated ion channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). The binding interaction between ethanol and sodium cholate solubilized nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein can be detected through either NMR line broadening or T1titration. In this paper, we examine the use of weighted Navon T1panalysis of T1titration data for the estimation of the dissociation constant of ethanol for the nAChR. We show that Navon T1panalysis underestimates binding affinity. The application of rigorous limits for confidence intervals within a nonlinear regression analysis of this data provides a best estimate of Kd= 55 μM at 4 °C. within an unsymmetrical 90% confidence interval of [0.5, 440 μM]. Accordingly, the best estimate of the binding free energy is ΔG0, = −5.4 Kcal/mole within a 90% confidence interval of [−8.0, −4.3 Kcal/mole],relative to conventional standard states.
Light Amplification By Biofilm And Its Polarization Dependence
Authors: Ray Sanhita , Dasgupta Anjan Kr 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report amplified, transmitted light intensity, compared to input, when photosynthetic biofilms were placed in the path of Rayleigh scattered, monochromatic light. Enhancement spectrum shows peak at around 505 nm, which corresponds to the pore wall thickness in biofilm ultra-structure, suggesting role of resonant Mie scattering. Enhancement factors differed when biofilms from different stages of growth were used. Enhancement factors were found to depend on the nature of Rayleigh scattering liquid. Polarizing Rayleigh scattered light by the use of polarizers affected the percentage of enhancement. Amplified output is achievable with constructive interference arising out of coherent forward light scattering, a theoretically predicted outcome of Anderson localization of photons. Possible uses of photosynthetic biofilms in organic material based photonic devices have been discussed.
lme4qtl: linear mixed models with flexible covariance structure for genetic studies of related individuals
Authors: Ziyatdinov Andrey , Vázquez-Santiago Miquel , Brunel Helena , Martinez-Perez Angel , Aschard Hugues , Soria Jose Manuel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in genetic data often involves analysis of correlated observations, which need to be accounted for to avoid false association signals. This is commonly performed by modeling such correlations as random effects in linear mixed models (LMMs). The R packagelme4is a well-established tool that implements major LMM features using sparse matrix methods; however, it is not fully adapted for QTL mapping association and linkage studies. In particular, two LMM features are lacking in the base version oflme4: the definition of random effects by custom covariance matrices; and parameter constraints, which are essential in advanced QTL models. Apart from applications in linkage studies of related individuals, such functionalities are of high interest for association studies in situations where multiple covariance matrices need to be modeled, a scenario not covered by many genome-wide association study (GWAS) software.ResultsTo address the aforementioned limitations, we developed a new R packagelme4qtlas an extension oflme4. First,lme4qtlcontributes new models for genetic studies within a single tool integrated withlme4and its companion packages. Second,lme4qtloffers a flexible framework for scenarios with multiple levels of relatedness and becomes efficient when covariance matrices are sparse. We showed the value of our package using real family-based data in the Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia 2 (GAIT2) project.ConclusionsOur softwarelme4qtlenables QTL mapping models with a versatile structure of random effects and efficient computation for sparse covariances.lme4qtlis available athttps://github.com/variani/lme4qtl.
The industrial anaerobeClostridium acetobutylicumuses polyketides to regulate butanol production and differentiation
Authors: Herman Nicolaus A. , Kim Seong-Jong , Li Jeffrey S. , Cai Wenlong , Koshino Hiroyuki , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPolyketides are an important class of bioactive small molecules valued not only for their diverse therapeutic applications, but also for their role in controlling interesting biological phenotypes in their producing organisms. While numerous examples of polyketides derived from aerobic organisms exist, only a single family of polyketides has been identified from anaerobic organisms. Here we uncover a novel family of polyketides native to the anaerobic bacteriumClostridium acetobutylicum, an organism well-known for its historical use as an industrial producer of the organic solvents acetone, butanol, and ethanol. Through mutational analysis and chemical complementation assays, we demonstrate that these polyketides influence butanol production and act as chemical triggers of sporulation and granulose accumulation in this strain. This study represents a significant addition to the body of work demonstrating the existence and importance of polyketides in anaerobes, and showcases a novel strategy of manipulating the secondary metabolism of an organism to improve traits significant for industrial applications.
Confidence intervals for RLCG cell influenced by coloured noise
Authors: Kolarova Edita , Brancik Lubomir 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine confidence intervals for the stochastic solutions in RLCG cells with a potential source influenced by coloured noise.

Design/methodology/approach
The deterministic model of the basic RLCG cell leads to an ordinary differential equation. In this paper, a stochastic model is formulated and the corresponding stochastic differential equation is analysed using the Itô stochastic calculus.

Findings
Equations for the first and the second moment of the stochastic solution of the coloured noise-affected RLCG cell are obtained, and the corresponding confidence intervals are determined. The moment equations lead to ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by an implicit Euler scheme, which turns out to be very effective. For comparison, the confidence intervals are computed statistically by an implementation of the Euler scheme using stochastic differential equations.

Practical implications/implications
The theoretical results are illustrated by examples. Numerical simulations in the examples are carried out using Matlab. A possible generalization for transmission line models is indicated.

Originality/value
The Itô-type stochastic differential equation describing the coloured noise RLCG cell is formulated, and equations for the respective moments are derived. Owing to this original approach, the confidence intervals can be found more effectively by solving a system of ordinary differential equations rather than by using statistical methods.
Real time implementation of a new fuzzy-sliding-mode-observer for sensorless IM drive
Authors: Kandoussi Zineb , Boulghasoul Zakaria , Elbacha Abdelhadi , Tajer Abdelouahed 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of sensorless vector control of induction motor drives by developing a new sliding mode observer for rotor speed and fluxes estimation from measured stator currents and voltages and estimated stator currents.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present paper, the discontinuity in the sliding mode observer is smoothed inside a thin boundary layer using fuzzy logic techniques instead of sign function to reduce efficiently the chattering phenomenon that affects the rotor speed.

Findings
The feasibility of the proposed fuzzy sliding mode observer has been verified by experimentation. The experimental results are obtained with a 1 kW induction motor using a dSPACE system with DS1104 controller board showing clearly the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of dynamic performance compared to the classical sliding mode observer.

Practical implications
The experimental results of the whole control structure highlights that this kind of sensorless induction motor drive can be used for variable speed drive in industrial applications such as oil drilling, electric vehicles, high speed trains (HSTs) and conveyers. Such drives may work properly at zero and low speed in both directions of rotation.

Originality/value
Both the proposed speed observer and the classical sliding mode observer have been developed and implemented experimentally with other adaptive observers for detailed comparison under different operating conditions, such as parameter variation, no-load/load disturbances and speed variations in different speed operation regions.
A new compact dual band printed monopole antenna using electromagnetic band gap structures
Authors: Hajlaoui El Amjed 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a new dual-band printed monopole antenna with a partial ground with two notched bands based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. A new type of EBG antenna with radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bands has been developed.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed antenna consists of a pair of EBG structures using a transmission line model. The proposed antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1 mm and permittivity (er) = 4.3.

Findings
The measured results show good dual-band operations with −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 9.1 and 36.2 per cent centered at 2.45 and 6.364 GHz, respectively, which covers the wireless local area network (WLAN) operating bands.

Originality/value
A new type of EBG antenna with radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bands has been developed.
Integration through orchestration
Authors: Lorenzo Ochoa Oswaldo , Claes Björn , Koryak Oksana , Diaz Angel 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanisms through which the use of enterprise systems (ESs) enhances buyer-supplier integration (BSI). More specifically, the authors explain a model where ES enhances BSI indirectly, mediated by inventory management capabilities (IMCs), as the way ES enhances BSI remains under-explored in the literature.Design/methodology/approachApplication of the resource orchestration framework to explain how capabilities and mechanisms interplay to enhance BSI. Data were collected by means of a survey instrument. Data collection took place as part of a larger project, sponsored by the Spanish Government, to evaluate logistics competitiveness in Spain.FindingsES enhances BSI by serving as a coordinating mechanism that maintains capability configurations in a value-creating alignment. IMC plays a key, yet under-explored role as a mediating mechanism that supports ES-enabled BSI.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this research does not fully capture the multi-party nature of the supply chain context. Second, data collection was limited to companies that were more likely to have a systematic approach to logistics issues (i.e. large- and medium-sized companies) and companies based in Spain.Originality/valueThis paper enhances both scholarly and practitioner understanding of the mechanisms through which the implementation and use of ES contributes to BSI. In addition, this paper integrates literature from different fields (e.g. strategy, information systems, and operations) to gain a better understanding of how the implementation and use of ES affects BSI.