bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: Idle ‘just‐in‐case’ peripheral intravenous cannulas in the emergency department: Is something wrong?
Authors: Gledstone‐Brown Lynne , McHugh Douglas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPeripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) placement is often an essential emergency medicine precursor to lifesaving treatment, but it is not harmless. Patients frequently and without proper consideration of the consequences receive a ‘just‐in‐case’ PIVCs as part of their assessment and admission, which, in a not insignificant number of patients, remains unused or idle in situ. We reviewed the literature and performed a thematic analysis of data collated from 21 articles published in the past 24 years regarding redundant PIVCs. The following five common themes emerged: heterogeneous prevalence data on post‐insertion PIVC usage, preventable intravascular complications, financial burden, loss of time and a culture of over‐investigating. The prevalence of PIVC insertions and idle PIVCs was heterogeneous among these publications; the median ED idle PIVC prevalence value was 32.4%. This practice is associated with compromised patient safety, squandered finances and misdirected practitioner time. Cultures of convenience and shortfalls in PIVC‐related education facilitate the prevalence of idle PIVCs.
Factors associated with patient‐reported procedural memory following emergency department procedural sedation with ketamine and propofol: A prospective cohort of 563 patients
Authors: Greer Andrew , Treston Greg 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the proportion of patients reporting procedural memory following procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) with ketamine and propofol (KP) administered premixed together (ketofol) or individually (sequential KP) in ED attendees. Identify any clinical or demographic variables associated with procedural memory.MethodsThis was a convenience sample of 563 patients who received KP PSA as per the departmental protocol. A standardised script was used to assess for procedural memory. This was categorised as ‘any’ and ‘unpleasant’ prior to discharge (immediate memory) and at telephone follow up (delayed memory).ResultsA total of 318 patients had sequential KP and 249 premixed 1:1 ketofol. For sequential KP compared to ketofol, the proportion reporting any memory was as follows: 3.5% versus 3.3% immediate, 4.4% versus 5.5% delayed and 5.4% versus 7.4% for the sum of these. For unpleasant memory, the proportion was as follows: 1.6% versus 2.9% immediate, 1.7% versus 4.7% delayed and 2.2% versus 6.9% all unpleasant memory (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–8.1). Memory was associated with male sex (OR 4, 95% CI 1.5–10.5), opiates (OR 3, 95% CI 1.7–7.5), a Wisconsin Sedation Scale score ≥3 (moderate sedation) (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.1–18.2) and propofol dose <0.75 mg/kg compared to >0.75 mg/kg (13% versus 3%) (OR 6, 95% CI 1.7–21). The ketofol group had 5% (95% CI 0.1–10) more respiratory events requiring intervention.ConclusionsProcedural memory was uncommon for both mix types; however, a greater proportion of the premixed ketofol group had unpleasant memory. Associations with sex, opiates, moderate sedation and propofol dose were identified, and respiratory adverse events were more common in the premixed ketofol group.
Effects of three different cultivars of cruciferous plants on the age‐stage, two‐sex life table traits of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Jaleel Waqar , Saeed Shafqat , Saeed Qamar , Naqqash Muhammad Nadir , Sial Muhammad Umair , Aine Qurat Ul , Yanyuan Lei , Rui Zhao , He Yurong , Lu Lihua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlutella xylostella is an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. However, information regarding the age‐stage, two‐sex life parameters of P. xylostella, which is vital for designing more effective control methods, is currently lacking. The present study reports age‐stage, two‐sex life table parameters for P. xylostella on napa cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. napa), white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2°C, 50–60% relative humidity, and a 16‐h light : 8‐h dark photoperiod. The time for development from an egg to a male or female adult P. xylostella on white cabbage (mean [± SE] 41.15 ± 0.54 and 39.50 ± 0.54 days, respectively) was significantly longer than that on cauliflower and napa cabbage. Furthermore, P. xylostella fecundity on cauliflower (261.90 ± 4.53 eggs female) was significantly highest than on napa cabbage and white cabbage. Intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were highest on cauliflower 0.182 day−1 and 1.199 day−1 respectively as comparison to napa cabbage and white cabbage. The highest gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rates (R0) of P. xylostella 65.87 and 52.58 respectively on cauliflower then those of other hosts. The findings of the present study indicate that cauliflower is the most suitable cultivar (host) for the development of P. xylostella. Based on these findings, crops like cauliflower can be used as trap crops when napa cabbage and white cabbage are the main crops.
Enhancement of methane production from 1‐hexadecene by additional electron donors
Authors: Paulo A. M. S. , Salvador A. F. , Alves J. I. , Castro R. , Langenhoff A. A. M. , Stams A. J. M. , Cavaleiro A. J. 
Published: December 2017

Summary1‐Hexadecene‐contaminated wastewater is produced in oil refineries and can be treated in methanogenic bioreactors, although generally at low conversion rates. In this study, a microbial culture able to degrade 1‐hexadecene was enriched, and different stimulation strategies were tested for enhancing 1‐hexadecene conversion to methane. Seven and three times faster methane production was obtained in cultures stimulated with yeast extract or lactate, respectively, while cultures amended with crotonate lost the ability to degrade 1‐hexadecene. Methane production from 1‐hexadecene was not enhanced by the addition of extra hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Bacteria closely related to Syntrophus and Smithella were detected in 1‐hexadecene‐degrading cultures, but not in the ones amended with crotonate, which suggests the involvement of these bacteria in 1‐hexadecene degradation. Genes coding for alkylsuccinate synthase alpha‐subunit were detected in cultures degrading 1‐hexadecene, indicating that hydrocarbon activation may occur by fumarate addition. These findings are novel and show that methane production from 1‐hexadecene is improved by the addition of yeast extract or lactate. These extra electron donors may be considered as a potential bioremediation strategy of oil‐contaminated sites with bioenergy generation through methane production.
Citrate, low pH and amino acid limitation induce citrate utilization in Lactococcus lactis biovar diacetylactis
Authors: van Mastrigt Oscar , Mager Emma E. , Jamin Casper , Abee Tjakko , Smid Eddy J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis, citrate transport is facilitated by the plasmid‐encoded citrate permease (CitP). In this work, we analysed regulation of citrate utilization by pH, nutrient limitation and the presence of citrate at four different levels: (i) plasmid copy number, (ii) citP transcription, (iii) citP mRNA processing and (iv) citrate utilization capacity. Citrate was supplied as cosubstrate together with lactose. The citP gene is known to be induced in cells grown at low pH. However, we demonstrated that transcription of citP was even higher in the presence of citrate (3.8‐fold compared with 2.0‐fold). The effect of citrate has been overlooked by other researchers because they determined the effect of citrate using M17 medium, which already contains 0.80 ± 0.07 mM citrate. The plasmid copy number increased in cells grown under amino acid limitation (1.6‐fold) and/or at low pH (1.4‐fold). No significant differences in citP mRNA processing were found. Citrate utilization rates increased from approximately 1 to 65 μmol min−1 gDW−1 from lowest to highest citP expression. Acetoin formation increased during growth in an acidic environment due to induction of the acetoin pathway. Quantification of the relative contributions allowed us to construct a model for regulation of citrate utilization in L. lactis biovar diacetylactis. This knowledge will help to select conditions to improve flavour formation from citrate.
Risk of amphetamine use disorder and mortality among incident users of prescribed stimulant medications in the Veterans Administration
Authors: Westover Arthur N. , Nakonezny Paul A. , Halm Ethan A. , Adinoff Bryon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsNon‐medical use of prescribed stimulant medications is a growing concern. This study's aims were to ascertain the demographics of stimulant medication users compared with non‐users, examine temporal trends of stimulant medication use and estimate risk factors for development of amphetamine use disorder (AUD) and mortality among new users of stimulant medications.DesignCox proportional hazards regression in a retrospective cohort adjusted by baseline covariates.SettingUnited States, national administrative database of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health‐care system.ParticipantsAdult incident users of stimulant medications (n = 78 829) from fiscal years (FY) 2001 to 2012.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were time‐to‐event: (1) occurrence of AUD diagnosis and (2) death. Baseline covariates included demographic information, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved indications for stimulant use, substance use disorders (SUD) and depression.FindingsStimulant users compared with non‐users were younger, more likely to be non‐Hispanic white and female. Incident stimulant medication users increased threefold from FY2001–FY2012 and eightfold among adults aged 18–44 years. Nearly one in 10 incident users in FY2012 had a comorbid baseline SUD. Off‐label use was common—nearly three of every five incident users in FY2012. Comorbid SUDs among incident stimulant medication users were risk factors for occurrence of AUD during follow‐up, with adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) estimates ranging from 1.54 to 2.83 (Ps < 0.05). Increased mortality risk was observed with occurrence of AUD during follow‐up [AHR = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–2.14, P = 0.007], while on‐label prescribing was protective against death (AHR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.63–0.75, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn a US national cohort of adult incident stimulant medication users in the Veterans Affairs health‐care system, measured from fiscal years 2001 to 2012, comorbid substance use disorders were common and were risk factors for development of an amphetamine use disorder (AUD). Increased mortality risk among incident users of stimulant medications was observed among both those who developed an AUD later and those whose use was defined as off‐label.
Recovery characteristics of patients receiving either sugammadex or neostigmine and glycopyrrolate for reversal of neuromuscular block: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Paech M. J. , Kaye R. , Baber C. , Nathan E. A. 
Published: December 2017

SummarySugammadex more rapidly and reliably reverses rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block compared with neostigmine, but it is not known if subsequent patient outcomes, including nausea, vomiting and other aspects of recovery are modified. In this study, we compared the recovery characteristics of sugammadex and neostigmine/glycopyrrolate following reversal of neuromuscular block. This was a single‐centre, randomised, blinded, parallel‐group clinical trial in women undergoing elective day‐surgical laparoscopic gynaecological surgery, with a standardised general anaesthesia regimen that included rocuronium. Neuromuscular block was reversed with either sugammadex 2 mg.kg−1 or neostigmine 40 μg.kg−1 and glycopyrrolate 400 μg. The primary outcome was the incidence of nausea and vomiting during the first six postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes included other measures of postoperative recovery such as patient symptoms and recovery scores. Three‐hundred and four women were analysed by intention‐to‐treat (sugammadex n = 151, neostigmine n = 153), which included four major protocol violations. There was no significant difference between sugammadex and neostigmine groups in the incidence of early nausea and vomiting (49.0% vs. 51.0%, respectively; OR 0.92, 95%CI 0.59–1.45; p = 0.731). Double vision (11.5% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.044) and dry mouth (71.6% vs. 85.5%; p = 0.003) were less common after sugammadex. Sedation scores at 2 h were also lower after sugammadex (median (IQR [range]) 0 (0‐3 [0‐10]) vs. 2 (0‐4.[0‐10]); p = 0.021). Twenty‐four‐hour recovery scores were not significantly different between groups. Reversal with sugammadex in this patient population did not reduce postoperative nausea or vomiting compared with neostigmine/glycopyrrolate.
Delineating the association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression symptoms: a longitudinal study
Authors: Eckerdal Patricia , Georgakis Marios K. , Kollia Natasa , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Högberg Ulf , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionAlthough a number of perinatal factors have been implicated in the etiology of postpartum depression, the role of mode of delivery remains controversial. Our aim was to explore the association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression, considering the potentially mediating or confounding role of several covariates.Material and methodsIn a longitudinal‐cohort study in Uppsala, Sweden, with 3888 unique pregnancies followed up postpartum, the effect of mode of delivery (spontaneous vaginal delivery, vacuum extraction, elective cesarean section, emergency cesarean section) on self‐reported postpartum depression symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥12) at 6 weeks postpartum was investigated through logistic regression models and path analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of postpartum depression was 13%. Compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery, women who delivered by emergency cesarean section were at higher risk for postpartum depression 6 weeks after delivery in crude (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.01) but not in adjusted analysis. However, the path analysis revealed that emergency cesarean section and vacuum extraction were indirectly associated with increased risk of postpartum depression, by leading to postpartum complications, self‐reported physical symptoms postpartum, and therefore a negative delivery experience. In contrast, history of depression and fear of delivery increased the odds of postpartum depression and led more frequently to elective cesarean section; however, it was associated with a positive delivery experience.ConclusionsMode of delivery has no direct impact on risk of postpartum depression; nevertheless, several modifiable or non‐modifiable mediators are present in this association. Women delivering in an emergency setting by emergency cesarean section or vacuum extraction, and reporting negatively experienced delivery, constitute a high‐risk group for postpartum depression.
Prophylactic antibiotics before cord clamping in cesarean delivery: a systematic review
Authors: Bollig Claudia , Nothacker Monika , Lehane Cornelius , Motschall Edith , Lang Britta , Meerpohl Joerg J. , Schmucker Christine M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe number of clinical trials investigating the optimal timing of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section has increased rapidly over the last few years. We conducted a systematic review to inform up‐to‐date evidence‐based guidelines to prevent postpartum infectious morbidity in the mother and rule out any safety issues related to antepartum antibiotic exposure in infants.Material and methodsFour bibliographic databases were searched for published reports of trials. Ongoing or unpublished studies were searched in Clinicaltrials.gov and the World Health Organization registry platform. Randomized controlled trials comparing antibiotic prophylaxis before and after cord clamping in cesarean section were eligible. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were assessed, and certainty of evidence graded.ResultsIn total, 18 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Those women who received antibiotics preoperatively were 28% (relative risk 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.92, nine studies, 4342 women, high quality of evidence) less likely to show infectious morbidity as compared with those who received antibiotics after cord clamping. The risk of endomyometritis and/or endometritis was reduced by 43% (relative risk 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.40–0.82, 13 studies, 6250 women, high quality of evidence) and the risk of wound infection by 38% (relative risk 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.47–0.81, 14 studies, 6450 women, high quality of evidence) in those who received antibiotics preoperatively as compared to those who received antibiotics after cord clamping. For other maternal infections no significant differences were identified. The risk for neonatal outcomes, such as deaths attributed to infection, sepsis, neonatal antibiotic treatment, intensive care unit admission or antibiotic‐related adverse events, was not found to be different, either clinically or statistically, when antibiotics were given before or after cord clamping (moderate to low quality of evidence).ConclusionsThe evidence in favor of prophylactic antibiotic administration before, in comparison with after, cord clamping for major maternal infections was of high quality, meaning that further research would be unlikely to change the confidence in these findings. However, we recommend additional research reflecting the precision of the effect estimates for neonatal outcomes.
A prospective multicentre randomized placebo‐controlled superiority trial in patients with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery on the adjuvant use of intravitreal dexamethasone to intravitreal antibiotics
Authors: Manning Sonia , Ugahary Luana C. , Lindstedt Eric W. , Wubbels René J. , van Dissel Jaap T. , Jansen Jan T.G. , Gan Ivan , van Goor Arnoud T. , Bennebroek Carlien A. , van der Werf Dymph J. , Ossewaarde‐van Norel Annette , Mayland Nielsen Chris C. , Tilanus Mauk , van den Biesen Pieter R. , Schellekens Peter A. , La Heij Ellen , Faridpooya Koorosh , van Overdam Koen , Veckeneer Marc , van Meurs Jan C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to determine whether intravitreal dexamethasone as an adjuvant to intravitreal antibiotics is beneficial in the treatment of suspected bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.MethodsRandomized, placebo‐controlled superiority trial in three tertiary referral centres in the Netherlands. Patients with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis within 6 weeks after cataract surgery were eligible. A diagnostic vitreous biopsy was taken for culture, and patients received intravitreal injections of 400 μg dexamethasone (without preservatives) or placebo, in addition to 0.2 mg vancomycin and 0.05 mg gentamicin. The vancomycin and dexamethasone or placebo injections were repeated once at day 3 or 4. Primary outcome measure was best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 year.ResultsBetween 1 November 2004 and 1 March 2014 (excluding two interruptions totalling 20 months), 324 eligible patients presented. A total of 167 patients (81 dexamethasone, 86 placebo) were available for the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Biopsies of 114 patients (68%) were culture‐positive. Final BCVA did not differ between the dexamethasone and the placebo group (logMAR 0.31 ± 0.58 versus 0.27 ± 0.50; p = 0.90), nor did the number of patients with final vision of no light perception (LP, 7 versus 13). Pain, corneal oedema, the absence of a red fundus reflex on presentation, LP on presentation and culture of virulent pathogens from biopsy were statistically significantly associated with an unfavourable visual outcome.ConclusionIntravitreal dexamethasone without preservatives as an adjuvant to intravitreal antibiotics does not improve visual acuity (VA) in patients treated for suspected bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.
Assessing truncal obesity in predicting cardiometabolic risk in children: clinical measures versus dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Palmieri Vincent J. , Henshaw Melissa H. , Carter Janet , Chowdhury Shahryar M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe objectives of this study were to 1) compare the accuracy of waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist:height ratio (WHtR) by determining their association with reference‐standard measures derived from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 2) assess the relationship of DXA, WHR and WHtR to measures of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation in children.MethodsSubjects aged four to 21 were prospectively recruited. Truncal obesity by DXA was defined as the trunk fat:height ratio and trunk fat:nontrunk fat ratio. Three hundred and eight subjects were studied, and 246 (80%) were obese.ResultsThere was a strong correlation between WHtR and trunk fat:height (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). DXA measures of truncal obesity had stronger correlations with measures of cardiometabolic risk than WHR and WHtR. Upon multivariable regression, only WHtR had independent associations with cholesterol/HDL, HOMA‐IR and high‐sensitivity c‐reactive protein.ConclusionWHtR is an accurate measure of truncal obesity. WHtR showed stronger associations with measures of insulin resistance and truncal obesity than WHR.
Gender, Partisanship, and Issue Gaps
Authors: Lizotte Mary‐Kate 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA defining feature of American politics, including party identification, is the question of the proper role of government. Partisanship is a prevailing way that individuals organize their attitudes. Democrats should take the Democratic Party's positions, and Republicans should take the Republican Party's positions. Instead, people have conflicting considerations that shape their opinions. Given that gender is integral in structuring individuals’ positions in society, it is reasonable to expect that gender differences might produce intraparty differences. This article establishes a gender gap in scope of government that transcends partisanship. Using the cumulative American National Election Study Data 1994–2008, I find strong evidence that for a number of issue areas, women are more supportive of an activist government than men of the same party. Preferences regarding the scope of government provide a coherent explanation for these observed gaps.
Growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of yellow‐feathered broilers fed graded levels of alfalfa meal with or without wheat
Authors: Jiang Shouqun , Gou Zhongyong , Li Long , Lin Xiajing , Jiang Zongyong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe effects of 0, 40 and 80 g/kg alfalfa meal on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Chinese yellow‐feathered broilers fed diets containing or lacking wheat (0 or 200 g/kg) as part of the energy source, were examined using random design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Dressing percentage and semi‐eviscerated proportion were lower, and meat color a* (redness) value was higher in birds fed diets containing wheat than diets lacking wheat (P < 0.05). Drip loss was reduced by the addition of alfalfa meal to diets containing or lacking wheat (P < 0.05). Average sensory score of breast meat was higher in chickens fed corn‐based diets than in those fed wheat (P < 0.05). Meat from those supplemented with 40 g/kg alfalfa meal had better taste than the other two levels (P < 0.05). The inclusion of wheat significantly reduced the activities of creatine kinase and calpain of breast muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Chinese yellow‐feathered broilers fed diets containing wheat had better meat color and lower drip loss than those fed the diets without wheat, and adding 40 g/kg alfalfa meal generally improved meat quality and taste.