bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary lysine requirement for 7–16 kg pigs fed wheat–corn–soybean meal‐based diets
Authors: Kahindi R. K. , Htoo J. K. , Nyachoti C. M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted to determine the lysine requirement of weaned pigs [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)] with an average initial BW of 7 kg and fed wheat–corn–soybean meal‐based diets. The experiments were conducted for 21 days during which piglets had free access to diets and water. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were determined on day 7, 14 and 21. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and 14 to determine plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration. In experiment 1, 96 weaned pigs were housed four per pen and allocated to four dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment. The diets contained 0.99%, 1.23%, 1.51% and 1.81% standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine, respectively, corrected analysed values. The rest of the AA were provided to meet the ideal AA ratio for protein accretion. Increasing dietary lysine content linearly increased (p < 0.05) ADG and G:F. In experiment 2, 90 piglets were housed three per pen and allocated to five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment. The five diets contained 1.03%, 1.25%, 1.31%, 1.36% and 1.51% SID lysine, respectively, corrected analysed values. Increasing dietary lysine content linearly increased (p < 0.05) G:F, linearly decreased (p < 0.05) day‐14 PUN and quadratically (p < 0.05) increased ADG and ADFI. The ADG data from experiment 2 were subjected to linear and quadratic broken‐lines regression analyses, and the SID lysine requirement was determined to be 1.29% and 1.34% respectively. On average, optimal dietary SID lysine content for optimal growth of 7–16 kg weaned piglets fed wheat–corn–SBM‐based diets was estimated to be 1.32%; at this level, the ADG and ADFI were 444 and 560 g, respectively, thus representing an SID lysine requirement, expressed on daily intake basis as, 7.4 g/day or 16.76 mg/g gain.
Misperception of tiredness in young adults with insomnia
Authors: Akram Umair , Ellis Jason G. , Myachykov Andriy , Barclay Nicola L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPeople with insomnia often exhibit interpretive biases to cues associated with their condition. This study examined whether individuals with insomnia display an interpretive bias, such that they misperceive facial attributes of tiredness in a disorder‐consistent manner. The efficacy of providing feedback related to the accuracy of participants’ perception on later judgements of tiredness was further examined. Forty participants, 20 with DSM‐5‐defined insomnia disorder and 20 normal‐sleepers, participated. The perception of one's own facial appearance of tiredness was assessed twice over two consecutive days using a visual task whereby participants indicated when a morphing image of their face represented their current level of tiredness. Visual and verbal feedback, related to participants’ degree of misperception, was provided on completion of Day 1 testing. Overall, individuals with insomnia perceived their own face as significantly more tired than a baseline neutral photograph was, whereas normal‐sleepers perceived themselves as appearing more alert. This pattern of results was only apparent on Day 1. Although no group × day interaction was established, mean scores suggest an improvement in perception on Day 2 amongst individuals with insomnia only. These findings suggest that individuals with insomnia exhibit a misperception of their facial attributes of tiredness, interpreting them in a disorder‐consistent manner. This finding adds to the body of literature on cognitive models of insomnia, demonstrating more general cognitive biases in the disorder. Further, the results provide suggestive evidence that this misperception may be reformed.
Primary tooth size asymmetry in twins and singletons
Authors: Heikkinen T. , Harila V. , Ollikkala A. , Alvesalo L. 
Published: February 2016

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo explore asymmetry values of antimeric deciduous tooth crown dimensions in three types of twins: monozygotic (MZ), dizygotic same‐sex (DZ) and opposite‐sex (OS) vs. single‐born controls.Setting and sample populationMesiodistal and labio‐lingual crown dimensions of second deciduous molars and mesiodistal canine and first molar crown dimensions of 2159 children at 6–12 years of age were evaluated, originating from the US cross‐sectional Collaborative Perinatal Study from the 1970s, including altogether MZ (n = 28), DZ same‐sex (n = 33) and OS (n = 39) pairs. Single born (n = 1959) were used as controls.Material and methodsDental casts were measured for comparison of variance relationships calculated from antimeric teeth, exhibiting fluctuating (FA), and directional (DA) asymmetry using anova.ResultsSignificant differences appeared in MZ and OS girls in DA of deciduous canines, which gain size in the first and second trimester, and deciduous second molars, which finally stop crown growth during the early post‐natal period. Significantly, increased FA values appeared for lower deciduous canines and second molars, indicating greatest environmental stress in OS girls, MZ girls and DZ boys. Twin girls had more fluctuating and directional crown asymmetry than twin boys, but in some dimensions, the twins were more symmetric than controls.ConclusionsTransmembrane hormonal influence between opposite‐sex twins, and late gestational stress factors, caused by placental malfunction and/or monochorionicity, may be involved in asymmetric growth of antimers, during critical periods of crown size gain.
The dynamics of protein body formation in developing wheat grain
Authors: Moore Katie L. , Tosi Paola , Palmer Richard , Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Grovenor Chris R.M , Shewry Peter R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWheat is a major source of protein in the diets of humans and livestock but we know little about the mechanisms that determine the patterns of protein synthesis in the developing endosperm. We have used a combination of enrichment with 15N glutamine and NanoSIMS imaging to establish that the substrate required for protein synthesis is transported radially from its point of entrance in the endosperm cavity across the starchy endosperm tissues, before becoming concentrated in the cells immediately below the aleurone layer. This transport occurs continuously during grain development but may be slower in the later stages. Although older starchy endosperm cells tend to contain larger protein deposits formed by the fusion of small protein bodies, small highly enriched protein bodies may also be present in the same cells. This shows a continuous process of protein body initiation, in both older and younger starchy endosperm cells and in all regions of the tissue. Immunolabeling with specific antibodies shows that the patterns of enrichment are not related to the contents of gluten proteins in the protein bodies. In addition to providing new information on the dynamics of protein deposition, the study demonstrates the wider utility of NanoSIMS and isotope labelling for studying complex developmental processes in plant tissues.
Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying seed vitamin E content in soybean with main, epistatic and QTL × environment effects
Authors: Li Haiyan , Wang Yan , Han Yingpeng , Teng Weili , Zhao Xue , Li Yongguang , Li Wenbin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed contains small amounts of tocopherol, a non‐enzymatic antioxidant known as lipid‐soluble vitamin E (VE). Dietary VE contributes to a decreased risk of chronic diseases in humans and has several beneficial effects on resistance to stress in plants, and increasing VE content is an important breeding goal for increasing the nutritional value of soybean. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying VE content with main, epistatic and QTL × environment effects were identified in a population of F5 : 6 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between ‘Hefeng 25’ (a low‐VE cultivar) and ‘OAC Bayfield’ (a high‐VE cultivar). A total of 18 QTLs were detected that showed additive main effects (a) and/or additive × environment interaction effects (ae) in different environments. Moreover, 19 epistatic pairs of QTLs were found to be associated with α‐tocopherol (α‐Toc), γ‐tocopherol (γ‐Toc), δ‐tocopherol (δ‐Toc) and total VE (TE) contents. The QTLs identified in multienvironments could provide more information about QTL by environment interactions and could be useful for the marker‐assistant selection of soybean cultivars with high seed VE contents.
Airborne transmission from a neonate with Netherton syndrome during an outbreak of MRSA
Authors: Hara Shinya , Yamamoto Hikaru , Kawabata Atsushi , Azuma Teiji , Ishii Sachie , Okumura Naoya , Ito Yoshinori 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe encountered a 4 month outbreak of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization or infection that was difficult to control despite implementation of standard prevention methods. A neonate with Netherton syndrome had accelerated scaling of the skin and continued positive results for MRSA from clinical samples. The results of air sampling suggested the possibility of airborne transmission. The MRSA outbreak stopped after the patient was transferred to an isolation room, suggesting that airborne MRSA can play a role in MRSA colonization. Isolation rooms should be considered in specific circumstances, as described in the present study.
Recommendations for utilization of the paracorporeal lung assist device in neonates and young children with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Gazit Avihu Z. , Sweet Stuart C. , Grady R. Mark , Boston Umar S. , Huddleston Charles B. , Hoganson David M. , Shepard Mark , Raithel Steve , Mehegan Mary , Doctor Allan , Spinella Philip C. , Eghtesady Pirooz 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe management of decompensating critically ill children with severe PH is extremely challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Unfortunately, even with optimal care, these children might continue to deteriorate and develop inadequate systemic perfusion and at times cardiac arrest secondary to a pulmonary hypertensive crisis. Tools to support these children are limited, and at times, the team should proceed with offering extracorporeal support, especially in newly diagnosed patients who have not benefitted from medical therapy prior to their acute deterioration, in patients with severe pulmonary venous disease and in patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia. Currently, the only approved mode for extracorporeal support in pediatric patients with PH eligible for lung transplantation is ECMO. To decrease the risks associated with ECMO, and offer potential for increased duration of support, extubation, and rehabilitation, we transitioned four small children with refractory PH from ECMO to a device comprising an oxygenator interposed between the PA and LA. This work describes in great detail our experience with this mode of support with emphasis on exclusion criteria, the implantation procedure, and the post‐implantation management.
Effect of smoking status on the efficacy of the SMART regimen in high risk asthma
Authors: Pilcher Janine , Patel Mitesh , Reddel Helen K. , Pritchard Alison , Black Peter , Shaw Dominick , Holt Shaun , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe optimal management of people with asthma with a significant smoking history is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine whether the efficacy/safety profile of single combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long acting beta‐agonist (LABA) inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy is influenced by smoking status.MethodsWe undertook secondary analyses from an open‐label 24‐week randomized study of 303 high risk adult asthma patients randomized to budesonide/formoterol 200/6‐µg‐metred dose inhaler for maintenance (two actuations twice daily) and either budesonide/formoterol 200/6‐µg‐metred dose inhaler one actuation (‘single ICS/LABA maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART)’ regimen) or salbutamol 100 µg 1–2 actuations for symptom relief (‘Standard’ regimen). Smoking status was classified in to three groups, as ‘current’, ‘ex’ or ‘never’, and a smoking/treatment interaction term tested for each outcome variable. The primary outcome variable was number of participants with at least one severe exacerbation.ResultsThere were 59 current, 97 ex and 147 never smokers included in the analyses. The smoking status/treatment interaction term was not statistically significant for any of the outcome measures. With adjustment for smoking status, the number of participants with severe exacerbations was lower with the SMART regimen (OR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26–0.77, P = 0.004; P value for interaction between smoking status and treatment 0.29).ConclusionWe conclude that the favourable safety/efficacy profile of the SMART regimen applies to patients with high risk asthma, irrespective of smoking status.
Randomized clinical trial of a new cyanoacrylate flexible tissue adhesive (Adhflex) for repairing surgical wounds
Authors: Lloris‐Carsí José M. , Ballester‐Álvaro Jaime , Barrios Carlos , Zaragozá‐Fernández Cristobal , Gómez‐De la Cruz Carlos , González‐Cuartero Chelo , Prieto‐Moure Beatriz , Cejalvo‐Lapeña Dolores 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of synthetic adhesives such as cyanoacrylates for closing surgical wounds remains controversial. In a multicenter, prospective and randomized clinical trial, we compared a new cyanoacrylate elastic tissue adhesive, Adhflex, with standard suturing methods for repairing surgical wounds. Sixty patients who underwent surgery for inguinal hernia were randomly chosen for Adhflex or standard silk suture. We evaluated wound closure time and parameters related to wound healing and complications using the Hollander Scale; overall surgeon, patient, and independent evaluator satisfaction with scar appearance using a visual analog scale; and scar cosmesis and cosmetic outcome using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. The major finding of this study was that surgical wound closure time (minutes) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) when using Adhflex (1.50 ± 0.63) than when using sutures (2.23 ± 0.66), reducing surgery costs. Patient, surgeon and independent evaluator satisfaction was greater with Adhflex (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the final cosmetic outcome of surgical wounds (p > 0.05). The results of this clinical trial showed that Adhflex could be considered a promising and suitable wound closure method. Undoubtedly, lower operating room times will reduce overall surgical costs. Cosmetic outcomes in the medium term are comparable to those seen with sutures, yet there is no need for dressing changes, postoperative wound checks, or removal of stitches or clips. The comfort of the patient is an important factor when considering wound closure methods. Registration number: Eudra CT2012‐002701‐22.
Ultrasound in diagnosis of anatomical variation of anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Authors: Zheng Miao , Chen Chuang , Qiu Qianyi , Wu Changjun 
Published: February 2016

Aims: Knowledge about branching pattern of the popliteal artery is very important in any clinical settings involving the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. This study aims to elucidate the anatomical variation patterns and common types of anterior tibial artery (ATA) and posterior tibial arteries (PTA) in the general population in China. Material and methods: Anatomical variations of ATA, PTA, and peroneal artery were evaluated with ultrasound in a total of 942 lower extremity arteries in 471 patients. Results: Three patterns of course in the PTA were ultrasonographically identified: 1) PTA1: normal anatomy with posterior tibial artery entering tarsal tunnel to perfuse the foot (91.5%), 2) PTA2: tibial artery agenetic, and replaced by communicating branches of peroneal artery entering tarsal tunnel above the medial malleolus to perfuse the foot (5.9%), and 3) PTA3: hypoplastic or aplastic posterior tibial artery communicating above the medial malleolus with thick branches of peroneal artery to form a common trunk entering into the tarsal tunnel (2.4%). In cases where ATA was hypoplastic or aplastic, thick branches of the peroneal artery replaced the anterior tibial artery to give rise to dorsalis pedis artery, with a total incidence of 3.2 % in patients, and were observed more commonly in females than in males. Hypoplastic or aplastic termini of ATA and PTA, with perfusion of the foot solely by the peroneal artery, was identified in 1 case. In another case, both communicating branches of the peroneal artery and PTA entered the tarsal tunnel to form lateral and medial plantar arteries.Conclusions: Anatomical variation of ATA and PTA is relatively common in the normal population. Caution should be exercised with these variations when preparing a peroneal artery vascular pedicle flap grafting. Ultrasound evaluation provides accurate and reliable information on the variations.
Non-singular plane curves with an element of “large” order in its automorphism group
Authors: Badr Eslam , Bars Francesc 
Published: February 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be the moduli space of smooth, genus [Formula: see text] curves over an algebraically closed field [Formula: see text] of zero characteristic. Denote by [Formula: see text] the subset of [Formula: see text] of curves [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] (as a finite nontrivial group) is isomorphic to a subgroup of [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be the subset of curves [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the full automorphism group of [Formula: see text]. Now, for an integer [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the subset of [Formula: see text] representing smooth, genus [Formula: see text] curves that admit a non-singular plane model of degree [Formula: see text] (in this case, [Formula: see text]) and consider the sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper we first determine, for an arbitrary but a fixed degree [Formula: see text], an algorithm to list the possible values [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is non-empty, where [Formula: see text] denotes the cyclic group of order [Formula: see text]. In particular, we prove that [Formula: see text] should divide one of the integers: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Secondly, consider a curve [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] has an element of “very large” order, in the sense that this element is of order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Then we investigate the groups [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] and also we determine the locus [Formula: see text] in these situations. Moreover, we work with the same question when [Formula: see text] has an element of “large” order: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] an integer.
Safeguarding and Accessing Drama as Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Lombardo Vincenzo , Pizzo Antonio , Damiano Rossana 
Published: February 2016

Storytelling, especially in the form called drama, is pervasive across cultures and ages. Though much attention has been devoted to the preservation of the physical supports of drama (e.g., films and tapes), there is a widespread acknowledgment that such tangible heritage is the expression of an intangible notion of drama. This article introduces drama as a form of intangible cultural heritage and presents a solution for its preservation in terms of a formal encoding through a computational ontology.
After the review of a formal representation of drama, called Drammar, developed in previous works, we show how an abstraction of drama can be encoded into a digital item. We also show how the method proposed is compliant with the major initiatives for the documentation of cultural heritage, namely CIDOC-CRM and FRBR. Finally, we test the applicability of our solution by showing how the major tenets of two well-known theories of drama can be encoded in Drammar and presenting the results of a focus group of drama scholars and practitioners who have accessed the encoding through a visualization system. The encoding and visualization system have turned out to be a promising support for teaching and investigating drama.
A Large-Deviation-Based Splitting Estimation of Power Flow Reliability
Authors: Wadman Wander S. , Crommelin Daan T. , Zwart Bert P. 
Published: February 2016

Given the continued integration of intermittent renewable generators in electrical power grids, connection overloads are of increasing concern for grid operators. The risk of an overload due to injection variability can be described mathematically as a barrier-crossing probability of a function of a multidimensional stochastic process. Crude Monte Carlo is a well-known technique to estimate probabilities, but it may be computationally too intensive in this case as typical modern power grids rarely exhibit connection overloads. In this article, we derive an approximate rate function for the overload probability using results from large deviations theory. Based on this large deviations approximation, we apply a rare event simulation technique called splitting to estimate overload probabilities more efficiently than Crude Monte Carlo simulation.
We show on example power grids with up to 11 stochastic power injections that for a fixed accuracy, Crude Monte Carlo would require tens to millions as many samples as the proposed splitting technique required. We investigate the balance between accuracy and workload of three splitting schemes, each based on a different approximation of the rate function. We justify the workload increase of large-deviation-based splitting compared to naive splitting—that is, splitting based on merely the Euclidean distance to the rare event set. For a fixed accuracy, naive splitting requires over 60 times as much CPU time as large-deviation-based splitting, illustrating its computational advantage. In these examples, naive splitting—unlike large-deviation-based splitting—requires even more CPU time than CMC simulation, illustrating its pitfall.
What is new in CoCoALib and CoCoA-5?
Authors: Abbott John , Bigatti Anna Maria 
Published: February 2016

CoCoA is a well-established Computer Algebra System for Computations in Commutative Algebra, and specifically for Gröbner bases. In the last few years the CoCoA software has undergone a profound change: the code has been totally re-written in C++, and includes CoCoA-5 (an interactive system) and CoCoALib (an open source C++ library).
The new CoCoA-5 language resembles the old CoCoA-4 language, but has clearly defined semantics, making it both more robust and more flexible than CoCoA-4.
CoCoALib is the mathematical core; its design focusses on ease of use so that other software can readily use it as a library for multivariate polynomial computations and other Commutative Algebra operations.
The internal design of the software makes it easy to integrate other libraries and to render all CoCoALib extensions accessible via the interactive CoCoA-5 system.