bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of apixaban versus warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients in “real-world” clinical practice
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Deitelzweig Steve , Keshishian Allison , Hamilton Melissa , Horblyuk Ruslan , Gupta Kiran , Luo Xuemei , Mardekian Jack , Friend Keith , Nadkarni Anagha , Pan Xianying , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe ARISTOTLE trial showed a risk reduction of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients treated with apixaban compared to warfarin. This retrospective study used four large US claims databases (MarketScan, PharMetrics, Optum, and Humana) of NVAF patients newly initiating apixaban or warfarin from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2015. After 1:1 warfarin-apixaban propensity score matching (PSM) within each database, the resulting patient records were pooled. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke/SE and major bleeding (identified using the first listed diagnosis of inpatient claims) within one year of therapy initiation. The study included a total of 76,940 (38,470 warfarin and 38,470 apixaban) patients. Among the 38,470 matched pairs, 14,563 were from MarketScan, 7,683 were from PharMetrics, 7,894 were from Optum, and 8,330 were from Humana. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two cohorts with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 71 (12) years and a mean (SD) CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3.2 (1.7). Apixaban initiators had a significantly lower risk of stroke/SE (HR: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.59–0.76) and major bleeding (HR: 0.60, 95 % CI: 0.54–0.65) than warfarin initiators. Different types of stroke/SE and major bleeding – including ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, SE, intracranial haemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and other major bleeding – were all significantly lower for apixaban compared to warfarin treatment. Subgroup analyses (apixaban dosage, age strata, CHA2DS2-VASc or HAS-BLED score strata, or dataset source) all show consistently lower risks of stroke/SE and major bleeding associated with apixaban as compared to warfarin treatment. This is the largest “real-world” study on apixaban effectiveness and safety to date, showing that apixaban initiation was associated with significant risk reductions in stroke/SE and major bleeding compared to warfarin initiation after PSM. These benefits were consistent across various high-risk subgroups and both the standard-and low-dose apixaban dose regimens.Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
МЕДИКО-СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ СТАНУ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЇ СЛУЖБИ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ М. КОВЕЛЯ І КОВЕЛЬСЬКОГО РАЙОНУ
Authors: Baytsym A. Y. 
Published: March 2017

У статті викладено результати соціологічного дослідження думки жителів м. Ковеля та Ковельського район, які є безпосередніми споживачами послуг лабораторно-діагностичної служби, про стан лабораторної діагностики.
Temporal Trends in Treatment and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Nationwide Population‐Based Observational Study
Authors: Su Tse‐Hsuan , Chang Shang‐Hung , Chen Pei‐Chun , Chan Yi‐Ling 
Published: March 2017

Background

Acute myocardial infarction is a major cause of hospitalization and death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (
COPD
); however, temporal trends in the management and clinical outcomes of these patients remain unclear.

Methods and Results

We conducted an observational study by using a representative sample of 1 million beneficiaries from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Comorbidities, in‐hospital treatment, and outcomes were compared for patients with acute myocardial infarction with and without
COPD
between 2004 and 2013. Temporal trends in treatment and outcomes were analyzed. We included 6770 patients admitted to hospitals with acute myocardial infarction diagnoses, of whom 1921 (28.3%) had
COPD
. Fewer patients with
COPD
received β‐blockers (adjusted odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.59–0.74), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin
II
receptor blockers (adjusted odds ratio 0.83, 95%
CI
0.73–0.93), statins, anticoagulants, dual antiplatelets, and coronary interventions. These patients had higher mortality (in hospital: adjusted hazard ratio 1.25 [95% CI 1.11–1.41]; 1 year: adjusted hazard ratio 1.20 [95% CI 1.09–1.32]) and respiratory failure risk during admission. Temporal trends showed little improvement in mortality in patients with
COPD
over 10 years. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that dual antiplatelets, β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin
II
receptor blockers, statins, coronary angiography, and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were significantly correlated with improved mortality in patients with COPD.

Conclusions

In Taiwan, a lower proportion of patients with
COPD
received evidence‐based therapies for acute myocardial infarction than did patients without
COPD
, and their clinical outcomes were inferior. Limited improvement in mortality was observed over the preceding 10 years and is attributable to the underuse of evidence‐based treatments.
Multitargeted Feeding Strategies Improve Nutrition Outcome and Are Associated With Reduced Pneumonia in a Level 1 Trauma Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lee Jenny C. , Williams George W. , Kozar Rosemary A. , Kao Lillian S. , Mueck Krislynn M. , Emerald Andrew D. , Villegas Natacha C. , Moore Laura J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground: Factors impeding delivery of adequate enteral nutrition (EN) to trauma patients include delayed EN initiation, frequent surgeries and procedures, and postoperative ileus. We employed 3 feeding strategies to optimize EN delivery: (1) early EN initiation, (2) preoperative no nil per os feeding protocol, and (3) a catch‐up feeding protocol. This study compared nutrition adequacy and clinical outcomes before and after implementation of these feeding strategies. Methods: All trauma patients aged ≥18 years requiring mechanical ventilation for ≥7 days and receiving EN were included. Patients who sustained nonsurvivable injuries, received parenteral nutrition, or were readmitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were excluded. EN data were collected until patients received an oral diet or were discharged from the ICU. The improvement was quantified by comparing nutrition adequacy and outcomes between April 2014–May 2015 (intervention) and May 2012–June 2013 (baseline). Results: The intervention group (n = 118) received significantly more calories (94% vs 75%, P < .001) and protein (104% vs 74%, P < .001) than the baseline group (n = 121). The percentage of patients receiving EN within 24 and 48 hours of ICU admission increased from 41% to 70% and from 79% to 96% respectively after intervention (P < .001). Although there were fewer 28‐ay ventilator‐free days in the intervention group than in the baseline group (12 vs 16 days, P = .03), receipt of the intervention was associated with a significant reduction in pneumonia (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.89; P = .017) after adjusting sex and Injury Severity Score. Conclusions: Implementation of multitargeted feeding strategies resulted in a significant increase in nutrition adequacy and a significant reduction in pneumonia.
International prospective observational study of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: Does weekend admission affect outcome?
Authors: Murray Iain A , Dalton Harry R , Stanley Adrian J , Ngu Jing H , Maybin Brian , Eid Mahmoud , Madsen Kenneth G , Abazi Rozeta , Ashraf Hamad , Abdelrahim Mohamed , Lissmann Rebecca , Herrod Jenny , Khor Christopher JL , Ong Hock S , Koay Doreen SC , Chin Yung K , Laursen Stig B 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionOut of hours admissions have higher mortality for many conditions but upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage studies have produced variable outcomes.MethodsProspective study of 12 months consecutive admissions of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from four international high volume centres. Admission period (weekdays, weeknights or weekends), demographics, haemodynamic parameters, laboratory results, endoscopy findings, further procedures and 30‐day mortality were recorded. Five upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage risk scores were calculated.Results2118 patients, 60% male, median age 66 years were studied. Compared with patients presenting on weekdays, patients presenting at weekends had no significant differences in comorbidity, pulse, systolic BP, risk scores, frequency of peptic ulcers or varices. Those presenting on weekdays had lower haemoglobin (p  = 0.007) and were more likely to have a normal endoscopy (p  < 0.01). Time to endoscopy was less for weeknight presentation (p  = 0.001). Sixty‐seven per cent of those presenting on weekdays, 75% on weeknights and 60% at weekends had endoscopy within 24 h. Transfusion requirements, need for endoscopic therapy or surgery/embolization, rebleeding rates (6.1%) and mortality (7.2%) did not differ with presentation time.ConclusionThis multi‐centre international study in large centres found no difference in demographics, comorbidity or haemodynamic stability and no increase in mortality for patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage out of hours.
From Morbidity and Mortality to Quality Improvement
Authors: Spielman Daniel B. , Hsueh Wayne D. , Choi Karen Y. , Bent John P. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveMeasure the effects of a structured morbidity and mortality conference format on the attitudes of resident and faculty participants.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOtorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery residency training program.Subjects and MethodsTwo changes were implemented to the structure of our morbidity and mortality conference: (1) we adopted a recently described presentation framework called situation‐background‐assessment‐recommendation and (2) appointed a faculty moderator to lead the conference. Surveys were distributed to residents and faculty before and after these modifications were implemented to measure changes in attitude of conference attendees.ResultsAfter implementing the above changes to the morbidity and mortality conference, participant engagement increased from “moderately engaged” to “extremely engaged” (P <. 01). Among both faculty and residents, the perceived educational value of conference also improved from “moderately educational” to “extremely educational” (P <. 01). Finally in the attending cohort, the impact on future patient care increased from “no change” to “greatly enhanced” (P <. 01).ConclusionBy implementing the situation‐background‐assessment‐recommendation framework and appointing a faculty moderator to morbidity and mortality conference, participants reported significantly enhanced engagement during the conference, increased educational value of the session, and a positive impact on future patient care.
A logic-based representation and tree-based visualization method for building regulatory requirements
Authors: Zhang Jiansong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background
Many research and development efforts have been made for automated compliance checking of building designs with regulatory requirements, but there is a lack of a non-proprietary and user-understandable representation of building regulations to support automated compliance checking in the construction domain that is experimentally tested for understandability and reading speed.

Methods
This research investigates a logic-based representation and tree-based visualization method for building regulatory requirements. The logic-based representation is based on classic logic programming language and can directly support automated compliance checking. The tree-based visualization is expected to improve the understandability and reading speed of the logic-based representation. Therefore, this method attempts to add to the limited research in non-proprietary and user-understandable representation of building regulations that is experimentally tested for understandability and reading speed. To test the understandability and reading speed of regulatory requirements using this representation and visualization method, a survey was conducted to compare different representations, namely, text, logic-based, and tree-based.

Results
Statistical analysis of the survey results shows that the proposed tree-based visualization method can significantly improve the understandability and reading speed of the logic-based regulatory requirement representation and this visualization method is at a comparable status with the original text representation of regulatory requirements in terms of understandability and reading speed.

Conclusions
(1) The investigated logic-based representation and tree-based visualization method for regulatory requirements serves as one potential non-proprietary and user-understandable representation of building regulations; (2) this research shows that computable representations of regulatory requirements can achieve understandability and reading speed that are comparable to the original text representation through tree-based visualization; and (3) this research reveals that the tree-based visualization of regulatory requirements improves the understandability and reading speed of regulatory requirements when such use is compared to the computable logic-based representation.
Liquid hydrocarbon characterization of the lacustrine Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Organic-matter source variation and thermal maturity
Authors: Sun Xun , Liang Quansheng , Jiang Chengfu , Enriquez Daniel , Zhang Tongwei , Hackley Paul 
Published: March 2017

Source-rock samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China were geochemically characterized to determine variations in depositional environments, organic-matter (OM) source, and thermal maturity. Total organic carbon (TOC) content varies from 4 wt% to 10 wt% in the Chang 7, Chang 8, and Chang 9 members — the three OM-rich shale intervals. The Chang 7 has the highest TOC and hydrogen index values, and it is considered the best source rock in the formation. Geochemical evidence indicates that the main sources of OM in the Yanchang Formation are freshwater lacustrine phytoplanktons, aquatic macrophytes, aquatic organisms, and land plants deposited under a weakly reducing to suboxic depositional environment. The elevated [Formula: see text] sterane concentration and depleted [Formula: see text] values of OM in the middle of the Chang 7 may indicate the presence of freshwater cyanobacteria blooms that corresponds to a period of maximum lake expansion. The OM deposited in deeper parts of the lake is dominated by oil-prone type I or type II kerogen or a mixture of both. The OM deposited in shallower settings is characterized by increased terrestrial input with a mixture of types II and III kerogen. These source rocks are in the oil window, with maturity increasing with burial depth. The measured solid-bitumen reflectance and calculated vitrinite reflectance from the temperature at maximum release of hydrocarbons occurs during Rock-Eval pyrolysis ([Formula: see text]) and the methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1) chemical maturity parameters range from 0.8 to [Formula: see text]. Because the thermal labilities of OM are associated with the kerogen type, the required thermal stress for oil generation from types I and II mixed kerogen has a higher and narrower range of temperature for hydrocarbon generation than that of OM dominated by type II kerogen or types II and III mixed kerogen deposited in the prodelta and delta front.
Comparison of Onsite Versus Online Chart Reviews as Part of the American College of Radiation Oncology Accreditation Program
Authors: Hepel Jaroslaw T. , Heron Dwight E. , Mundt Arno J. , Yashar Catheryn , Feigenberg Steven , Koltis Gordon , Regine William F. , Prasad Dheerendra , Patel Shilpen , Sharma Navesh , Hebert Mary , Wallis Norman , Kuettel Michael 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Accreditation based on peer review of professional standards of care is essential in ensuring quality and safety in administration of radiation therapy. Traditionally, medical chart reviews have been performed by a physical onsite visit. The American College of Radiation Oncology Accreditation Program has remodeled its process whereby electronic charts are reviewed remotely. Methods: Twenty-eight radiation oncology practices undergoing accreditation had three charts per practice undergo both onsite and online review. Onsite review was performed by a single reviewer for each practice. Online review consisted of one or more disease site–specific reviewers for each practice. Onsite and online reviews were blinded and scored on a 100-point scale on the basis of 20 categories. A score of less than 75 was failing, and a score of 75 to 79 was marginal. Any failed charts underwent rereview by a disease site team leader. Results: Eighty-four charts underwent both onsite and online review. The mean scores were 86.0 and 86.9 points for charts reviewed onsite and online, respectively. Comparison of onsite and online reviews revealed no statistical difference in chart scores ( P = .43). Of charts reviewed, 21% had a marginal (n = 8) or failing (n = 10) score. There was no difference in failing charts ( P = .48) or combined marginal and failing charts ( P = .13) comparing onsite and online reviews. Conclusion: The American College of Radiation Oncology accreditation process of online chart review results in comparable review scores and rate of failing scores compared with traditional on-site review. However, the modern online process holds less potential for bias by using multiple reviewers per practice and allows for greater oversight via disease site team leader rereview.
Chinese Literary Thought in Modern Times: Shi, Xing, and Shishi
Authors: Wang David Der-wei 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Modern Chinese literature is always already in the transculturation of non-Chinese concepts and discourses. My quibble with the current state of the field, however, has to do with the way we respond to the consequences of the transcultural traffic. While we assume a position of (moralist, political, or intellectual) sincerity, we tend to stop short of grappling with the “authenticity and viability” of our own theoretical frameworks regarding the subjects under critique. It has become a commonplace to criticize the uneven development of discursive agency in Chinese literary and cultural studies, with Western theory taking precedence over Chinese subjects (and subjectivities). But one cannot help noting that some of the most critical voices are themselves empowered by, or even sustaining, the Western canon they set out to subvert. Overcoming such a dilemma does not require us to retroactively claim either cultural essentialism or political historicism. Rather, we should seek to reengage theory, enacting “the mobility of ideas across time and space, which draws attention to the ways in which contexts both transform and are transformed by its movement.” I argue that the “mobility” of theory presumably inherent in the current theoretical paradigm has not taken us far enough in exploring new terrain. In this article, I propose that we triangulate the paradigm of modern Chinese literary and cultural studies, by bringing premodern Chinese literary thought to bear on theoretical engagement on the one hand and textual studies on the other.
Song History in Kowloon and Loyalist Classical Poetry: Chen Botao, Sung Wong Toi, and Autumn Chants on the Terrace of the Song Emperors
Authors: Chia-cian Ko 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Just a few years after the overthrow of China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty loyalist Chen Botao 陳伯陶 (1855–1930) assembled scholars at the Terrace of the Song Emperors 宋王臺 (Song Wang Tai, or Sung Wong Toi) in Hong Kong Kowloon to compose and recite poetry as a tribute to the adherents of the Song dynasty 宋 (960–1279) that sought refuge in Kowloon more than six centuries before. The poetic odes to Sung Wong Toi, compiled in the 1917 collection Song tai qiu chang 宋臺秋唱 (Autumn Chants on the Terrace of the Song Emperors), construct a dialectical tension between Kowloon as a place of exile in Chinese history and the lyrical symbolism of its representation in the compilation's classical poetry. More than merely a commemoration to a long-lost past, Chen's efforts instigated a collective response from loyalist scholars that created a literary space in early republican-era Hong Kong for them to express their commitment to the fallen dynasty and at the same time defined the historical and cultural significance of place and history in Hong Kong Kowloon. In the context of the British colonial administration, these scholars' historical narratives and lyrical poetics effectively nurtured a discourse on loyalism in Hong Kong literature.
ОСНОВЫ КОНВЕРГЕНЦИИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ
Authors: Bondarenko Vladimir Leonidovich , Semenova Elena Anatol’evna , Gurina Irina Vladimirovna , Aliferov Aleksei Vyacheslavovich 
Published: March 2017

Исследованиями являлось совершенствование конвергенции технологий использования водных ресурсов в сельскохозяйственном производстве. На современном этапе развития водохозяйственного комплекса в составе АПК бассейновых геосистем Северного Кавказа и Южного Федерального округа, где проживает более 23 млн чел. (16,3% от числа жителей Российской Федерации) стоит весьма амбициозная задача по созданию принципиально новых технологий использования водных ресурсов в различных технологических системах [1]. Результаты многолетних исследований ПТС «Природная среда – Объект деятельности – Население» в области использования водных ресурсов показывают, что главным и практически единственным направлением решения данной проблемы является совершенствование применения энергии водных ресурсов на основе современных научных подходов и создание новых технологий производства сельскохозяйственной продукции [2, 3]. Одним из таких научных подходов является конвергентный, который объединяет в себе достижения в фундаментальных знаниях (физике, химии, биологии, математике и др.) и отраслевых научных направлениях (материаловедение, гидрологии, гидравлики, информатики и др.) [4, 5]. В качестве выводов следует отметить, что конвергентный подход к созданию новых и совершенствованию существующих технологий водопользования в АПК позволяет сформироваться устойчивой тенденции к более широкому применению возобновляемых источников электрической энергии на малых ГЭС с целью повышения эффективности использования водных ресурсов. Кроме того, водный режим в корнеобитаемом слое почвы может быть управляемым, что способствует манипулированию процессами взаимосвязи между потреблением необходимого количества воды растениями и технологией подачи воды в активный слой почвы [6].
Talking with parents about immunisation
Authors: Bedford Helen E 
Published: March 2017

Communication between parents and practice nurses is an important part of a successful child immunisation programme. Helen Bedford outlines some of the most commonly asked questions The UK childhood immunisation programme is highly successful. Key to its success is the relationship between primary care nurses and parents with the former often called upon to explain the frequently changing schedule to the latter. The aim of this article is to consider some of the current common questions parents ask about immunisation. These questions have been identified from a variety of sources including the literature (e.g. Brown et al, 2010 ), Internet discussion groups, anecdotal reports from practitioners and the author's own experience advising parents and teaching health-care professionals involved in immunisation. Information is provided to support practitioners in responding to these questions and further resources are highlighted.