bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous changes in abundance over large scales are explained by demographic variation rather than environmental stochasticity in an invasive flagellate
Authors: Trigal Cristina , Ruete Alejandro 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Environmental stochasticity is important in explaining the persistence and establishment of invasive species, but the simultaneous effects of environmental and demographic factors are difficult to separate. Understanding how demography and environmental factors affect invasive species abundance over large temporal and spatial scales is essential to anticipate populations at risk of becoming established and setting appropriate management measures.

Using a hierarchical mixed modelling approach, we analysed the spatial and interannual dynamics of the invasive raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen, a noxious flagellate which is spreading in northern Europe, in response to demographic and environmental variation. We used data from 76 lakes distributed across two biogeographical regions in Sweden (Central Plains in the south and Fennoscandian region in the north) and sampled during 14 years.

We found a strong asynchrony in the density dynamics of G. semen populations between the two regions. G. semen showed positive trends (i.e. increasing frequency of high density peaks) in most southern lakes, forming established populations with recurrent blooms in successive years in some of them. In contrast, G. semen populations were smaller and more stochastic in the north.

G. semen previous year's abundance, a proxy for cyst production and recruitment, had a strong control on the dynamics, likely contributing to the stability of high density populations in southern lakes. Conversely, the effects of climate and habitat were weaker and their influence varied across regions. Temperature was the limiting factor in the north whereas local habitat was more important in the south.

Synthesis. A full understanding of the mechanisms driving abundance changes across large scales can only be gained if endogenous and environmental factors are analysed together. For phytoplankton species, and specially, noxious microalgae, this implies that proxies for cyst production and recruitment, which are the inoculum for next year population, should be included in e.g. distribution, bloom formation and climate models, as these may modify establishment and population response to environmental variation. Asynchronous changes in abundance across regions also indicate that management plans should be developed for small regions, as inference at a large scale may obscure the mechanisms driving local population changes.
The Fibonacci Life‐Chart Method (FLCM) as a foundation for Carl Jung's theory of synchronicity
Authors: Sacco Robert G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSince the scientific method requires events to be subject to controlled examination it would seem that synchronicities are not scientifically investigable. Jung speculated that because these incredible events are like the random sparks of a firefly they cannot be pinned down. However, doubting Jung's doubts, the author provides a possible method of elucidating these seemingly random and elusive events. The author draws on a new method, designated the Fibonacci Life‐Chart Method (FLCM), which categorizes phase transitions and Phi fractal scaling in human development based on the occurrence of Fibonacci numbers in biological cell division and self‐organizing systems. The FLCM offers an orientation towards psychological experience that may have relevance to Jung's theory of synchronicity in which connections are deemed to be intrinsically meaningful rather than demonstrable consequences of cause and effect. In such a model synchronistic events can be seen to be, as the self‐organizing system enlarges, manifestations of self‐organized critical moments and Phi fractal scaling. Recommendations for future studies include testing the results of the FLCM using case reports of synchronistic and spiritual experiences.
The five functions of psychological type
Authors: Myers Steve 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFrom the mid‐1930s to the end of his life, Jung complained that most readers misunderstood the main point of his book Psychological Types. He viewed being a type as one‐sided and problematic for a variety of reasons. His symbol‐based solution to the ‘type problem’ involved developing a transcendent function to become the new dominant function of consciousness. However, this function has not featured in the popular use of his typology and Isabel Briggs Myers believed that the one‐sidedness of Jung's eight types could be balanced by the auxiliary function. This has led to the transcendent function being widely ignored, and to a developmental philosophy that encourages a degree of one‐sidedness. This divergence of popular type theory and analytical psychology is the result of various factors, such as Jung describing typology as containing four functions, and a letter in 1950 where Jung apparently supported Myers’ version of type theory. This hinders the application of analytical psychology to normal psychology, and particularly individual and cultural development. If we refer to Jung's typology as containing five functions not four, this more accurately represents both the content of the book Psychological Types and the primary value Jung saw in typology.
The psychologist who is not a psychologist: a deconstructive reading of Wolfgang Giegerich's idea of psychology proper
Authors: Marlan Stanton 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper represents an archetypal and deconstructive reading of the work of Wolfgang Giegerich. In an attempt to extend and philosophically develop Jung's late‐life view of the objective psyche, Giegerich, via Hegel, defines psychology proper as fundamentally separate from the everyday person and the ‘human, all‐too‐human’ aspects of the soul. It is argued that, in so doing, Giegerich removes the human person from being the primary focus of his psychology and creates instead a hierarchy of ideas and values privileging syntax over semantics, the logical over the empirical, and thinking over imagination. This bypasses the emotionality of the everyday person/patient and also renders psychology proper unable to address the day‐to‐day practice of the analyst. Giegerich attempts to rectify this problem by re‐incorporating what he had previously rejected, making his theory more complex than is apparent in his binary oppositions. In the end, however, it remains a question to what extent Giegerich is successful in avoiding a binary scission (Saban 2015) or a tendency to regularly de‐emphasize the human aspect of the soul (Hoedl 2015) in his need to continue to heroically push off from the ego seeking total freedom from neurosis and from our humanity.
Outcome at 30 days for low‐risk chest pain patients assessed using an accelerated diagnostic pathway in the emergency department
Authors: Meek Robert , Braitberg George , Cullen Louise , Than Martin , Graudins Andis , Glynn Deirdre 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesPrimary: to determine incidence of 30 day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients discharged from the ED following assessment using an accelerated diagnostic pathway (ADP). Secondary: to determine incidence of 30 day MACE for all ADP patients.MethodsMonash Health ED patients thought at low risk for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or hospital admission are assessed using an ADP, based on arrival and 90 min point‐of‐care (POC) cardiac troponin I and myoglobin concentration. Other patients are assessed using a traditional pathway of arrival and 6 h central lab cardiac troponin I. Choice of pathway is based on the clinical judgement of the attending ED doctor. To investigate the safety of the ADP component, an observational study of all ADP patients presenting from 6 June 2013 to 30 September 2013 was conducted. After 30 days, occurrence of MACE was determined by examination of hospital records or telephone contact with patients who had not returned.ResultsOf 1547 eligible patients, 1384 (89.5%) were followed up. Of the 1143 discharged patients with follow‐up information, 30 day MACE occurred in one (0.09%, 95% CI 0.002–0.5). Of all 1547 patients, 60 patients had a MACE detected: 56 AMI during the initial attendance, four AMI post‐discharge (one from ED, three after hospital admission). In total, of the 1328 patients who did not have AMI during the target admission and were followed up, 30 day post‐discharge MACE occurred in four patients (0.3%, 95% CI 0.08–0.8).ConclusionThe ADP supports safe, early discharge of low‐risk chest pain patients from the ED.
Phenolic Profiles and Contribution of Individual Compounds to Antioxidant Activity of Apple Powders
Authors: Raudone Lina , Raudonis Raimondas , Liaudanskas Mindaugas , Viskelis Jonas , Pukalskas Audrius , Janulis Valdimaras 
Published: March 2016

AbstractApples (Malus domestica L.) are the most common source of phenolic compounds in northern European diet. Besides pectins, dietary fibers, vitamins, and oligosaccharides they contain phenolic compounds of different classes. Apple powders are convenient functional forms retaining significant amounts of phenolic antioxidants. In this study reducing and radical scavenging profiles of freeze‐dried powders of “Aldas,ˮ “Auksis,ˮ “Connel Red,ˮ “Ligol,ˮ “Lodel,ˮ and “Rajkaˮ were determined and phenolic constituents were identified using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers. A negative ionization mode was applied and seventeen compounds: phenolic acids (coumaroylquinic, chlorogenic), flavonoids (quercetin derivatives), and procyanidin derivatives (B1, B2, and C1) were identified in all tested apple samples. Total values of Trolox equivalents varied from 7.72 ± 0.32 up to 20.02 ± 0.52 and from 11.10 ± 0.57 up to 21.42 ± 0.75 μmol/g of dry weight of apple powder in FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ABTS (2,2‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) postcolumn assays, respectively. The greatest Trolox equivalent values were determined for apples of “Aldasˮ cultivar. Chlorogenic acid and procyanidin C1 were the most significant contributors to total reducing and radical scavenging activity in all apple cultivars tested, therefore they could be considered as markers of antioxidant activity.
Beneficial Effect on Surrogate Markers of Heart Failure with Bisoprolol Up‐Titration to Recommended Targets in Korean Patients with Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Han Seong Woo , Choi Suk‐Won , Ryu Kyu‐Hyung , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Kim Sung Hea , Shim Wan Joo , Cha Tae‐Joon , Choi Dong‐Ju , Kim Yong‐Jin , Yoo Byung‐Su , Kim Jun‐Hyung , Hwang Kyung‐Kuk , Jeon HuiKyung , Shin Mi‐Seung 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe objective of this study was to establish the benefit of bisoprolol up‐titration toward recommended dosage targets, versus lower‐dose maintenance, in heart failure (HF) patients with systolic dysfunction.MethodsKorean HF patients received bisoprolol 1.25 mg/day, incrementally up‐titrated toward 10 mg/day in the absence of contraindications. After 26 weeks' treatment, patients were grouped as low‐dose (<3.75 mg/day) or high‐dose (≥3.75 mg/day). Primary endpoint was change in serum N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). Other markers of HF were also evaluated.Results159 of 180 enrolled patients were evaluable. After 16 weeks' follow‐up, there were 52 and 107 patients in the low‐ and high‐dose groups respectively. Mean bisoprolol dosage was 5.4 mg/day; 24% of patients achieved target (10 mg/day). Mean logNT‐proBNP significantly decreased in both groups, with no significant difference in the magnitude of change between groups. Mean heart rate (HR) and blood pressure decreased significantly in both groups, but only HR showed a significantly greater change in high‐dose versus low‐dose patients. In both groups, mean left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic and end‐diastolic dimensions were significantly decreased and mean LV ejection fraction was significantly improved. Mean 6‐min walk test distances improved in both groups (significant in low‐dose patients only). Functional class improvement was observed in both low‐ and high‐dose patients. No patients were rehospitalized due to aggravated HF.ConclusionsIn HF patients with systolic dysfunction, any bisoprolol dose is beneficial, but an attempt to up‐titrate toward guideline‐recommended dosages offers additional benefit in terms of restoration of LV systolic function and remodeling.
Program Director Opinion on the Ideal Length of Residency Training in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Hopson Laura , Regan Linda , Gisondi Michael A. , Cranford James A. , Branzetti Jeremy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to define expert opinion on the ideal length of training (LoT) for Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)‐accredited emergency medicine (EM) residency programs.MethodsA cross‐sectional Web‐based survey was sent to program directors (PDs) at all ACGME‐accredited EM residency programs during a study period of August to October 2014. The primary outcome of ideal LoT was determined in two ways: 1) subjects provided the ideal total LoT in months and 2) then separately selected the type and number of rotations for an ideal EM residency curriculum by month, the sum of which provided an alternative measurement of their ideal LoT. We did not include vacation time. Descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance are reported.ResultsResponse rate was 68.0% (108/159) with 72% of respondents (78/108) directing programs in the PGY 1–3 (36‐month) format and 28% directing PGY 1–4 (48‐month) programs. More than half of subjects (51.9%) have direct personal experience with both formats. When asked about ideal total LoT, PDs averaged 41.5 months (n = 107; SD = 5.5 months, range = 36–60 months). When asked to provide durations of individual clinical experiences for their ideal EM program, the sum total (n = 104) averaged 45.0 months. Results from a factorial analysis of variance revealed statistically significant effects of PDs' past training experiences: participants who trained in a 36‐month program had statistically significantly lower LoT (mean = 39.2 months) than participants who trained in a 48‐month program (mean = 44.5 months). There was also a statistically significant effect of current program format on ideal LoT: participants who directed a 36‐month program had statistically significantly lower LoT (mean = 39.8 months) than participants who directed a 48‐month program (mean = 45.8 months).ConclusionsPD opinion on ideal LoT averages between 36 and 48 months, but is longer when the sum of desired clinical rotations is considered. While half of the respondents reported direct experience with both PGY 1–3 and PGY 1–4 training programs, opinions on ideal LoT through both methods corresponded strongly with the length of the program the PDs trained in and the format of the program they currently direct. PD opinions may be too biased by their own experiences to provide objective input on the ideal LoT for EM residency programs.
Couples' willingness to donate embryos for research: a longitudinal study
Authors: Samorinha Catarina , Severo Milton , Machado Helena , Figueiredo Bárbara , de Freitas Cláudia , Silva Susana 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionDecision‐making on embryo disposition is a source of distress and is subject to change over time. This paper analyzes the willingness of couples undergoing in vitro fertilization to donate cryopreserved embryos for research from 15 days after embryo transfer to 12 months later, taking into account the influence of psychosocial, demographic, and reproductive factors.Material and methodsProspective longitudinal study, with 74 heterosexual couples undergoing in vitro fertilization in a public fertility centre in Portugal, recruited between 2011 and 2012. Participants were evaluated twice: 15 days after embryo transfer and 12 months later.ResultsA significant decrease in patients' willingness to donate embryos for research over time was observed [86.5% to 73.6%; relative risk (RR) = 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.95]. A higher education level (>12 years) [adjusted RR (RRadj) = 0.79; 95% CI 0.64–0.96], considering research on human embryos to be important (vs. very important) (RRadj = 0.59; 95% CI 0.39–0.85) and practicing a religion less than once a month (vs. at least once a month) (RRadj = 0.73; 95% CI 0.53–1.00) seemed associated with unwillingness to donate embryos for research over time. Change towards non‐donation happened mainly among couples who first considered that it was better to donate than wasting the embryos. Change towards donation occurred mostly among those stating that their priority at time 1 was to have a baby and who became pregnant in the meantime.ConclusionsQuality of care guided by patients' characteristics, values, preferences, and needs calls for considering the factors and reasons underlying couples' willingness to donate embryos for research over time as a topic in psychosocial guidelines for infertility and medically assisted reproductive care.
Healthcare professionals approach paediatric fever in significantly different ways and fever phobia is not just limited to parents
Authors: Martins Marta , Abecasis Francisco 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimFever is a benign process, but it is still frequently regarded as harmful. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge of parents and healthcare professionals on fever.MethodsData were obtained through questionnaires administered to a sample of parents and nurses in the paediatric emergency rooms of two hospitals and to family doctors and paediatricians currently practising in Portugal.ResultsWe collected 265 answers from parents, 49 from nurses and 525 from doctors. Most nurses (74%), doctors (55%) and parents (43%) considered fever as a temperature above 38°C. The parents’ first reaction to a febrile child was to give them antipyretics, and acetaminophen was used most frequently (44%). Nurses considered that a child with fever must always be treated and that a history of febrile seizures was the most decisive factor in initiating treatment. On the other hand, the most important factor for paediatricians was the presence of discomfort. For parents (74%) and nurses (92%), the most feared effect of untreated fever was seizures, and for paediatricians (97%), it was irritability.ConclusionThe parents’ and nurses’ attitudes demonstrated fear of fever and its consequences. The approach to paediatric fever was significantly different among healthcare professionals.
The Case Against the Case for Procreative Beneficence (PB)
Authors: Holland Alan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractJulian Savulescu's principle of procreative beneficence (PB) states that, other things being equal, and of the possible children they could have, a couple contemplating procreation are morally obliged to (attempt to) procreate the child with the best chance of the best life. The critique of PB is in three parts. The first part argues that PB rests on a particular conception of the good life, and that alternative conceptions of the good life afford no obvious way in which PB can be rendered operational. The second part identifies six flaws in the attempt to justify PB in terms of a particular conception of the good life according to which the best life is understood as the life with the most well‐being. The third part explores some of the uncertainties that surround the potential implications and ramifications of adopting the principle. The overall purpose is not to demonstrate that the principle is untenable, but only to demonstrate that no compelling reason has yet been given for adhering to it.
Monoclonal gammopathy‐associated pure red cell aplasia
Authors: Korde Neha , Zhang Yong , Loeliger Kelsey , Poon Andrea , Simakova Olga , Zingone Adriana , Costello Rene , Childs Richard , Noel Pierre , Silver Samuel , Kwok Mary , Mo Clifton , Young Neal , Landgren Ola , Sloand Elaine , Maric Irina 
Published: March 2016

SummaryPure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare disorder characterized by inhibition of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow and normochromic, normocytic anaemia with reticulocytopenia. Among 51 PRCA patients, we identified 12 (24%) patients having monoclonal gammopathy, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or smouldering multiple myeloma, with presence of monoclonal protein or abnormal serum free light chains and atypical bone marrow features of clonal plasmacytosis, hypercellularity and fibrosis. Thus far, three patients treated with anti‐myeloma based therapeutics have responded with reticulocyte recovery and clinical transfusion independence, suggesting plasma cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of this specific monoclonal gammopathy‐associated PRCA.
Molecular identification of livestock breeds: a tool for modern conservation biology
Authors: Yaro Mohammed , Munyard Kylie A. , Stear Michael J. , Groth David M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTGlobal livestock genetic diversity includes all of the species, breeds and strains of domestic animals, and their variations. Although a recent census indicated that there were 40 species and over 8000 breeds of domestic animals; for the purpose of conservation biology the diversity between and within breeds rather than species is regarded to be of crucial importance. This domestic animal genetic diversity has developed through three main evolutionary events, from speciation (about 3 million years ago) through domestication (about 12000 years ago) to specialised breeding (starting about 200 years ago). These events and their impacts on global animal genetic resources have been well documented in the literature. The key importance of global domestic animal resources in terms of economic, scientific and cultural heritage has also been addressed. In spite of their importance, there is a growing number of reports on the alarming erosion of domestic animal genetic resources. This erosion of is happening in spite of several global conservation initiatives designed to mitigate it. Herein we discuss these conservation interventions and highlight their strengths and weaknesses. However, pivotal to the success of these conservation initiatives is the reliability of the genetic assignment of individual members to a target breed. Finally, we discuss the prospect of using improved breed identification methodologies to develop a reliable breed‐specific molecular identification tool that is easily applicable to populations of livestock breeds in various ecosystems. These identification tools, when developed, will not only facilitate the regular monitoring of threatened or endangered breed populations, but also enhance the development of more efficient and sustainable livestock production systems.