bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Testing of a Hybrid Measure of Muscle Strength in Juvenile Dermatomyositis for Use in Routine Care
Authors: Varnier Giulia Camilla , Rosina Silvia , Ferrari Cristina , Pistorio Angela , Consolaro Alessandro , Bovis Francesca , Dalprà Sara , Pilkington Clarissa , Maillard Susan , Civino Adele , Tsitsami Elena , de Inocencio Jaime , Jelusic Marija , Vojinovic Jelena , Espada Graciela , Makay Balahan , Katsicas Maria Martha , Pratsidou‐Gertsi Polixeni , Lazarevic Dragana , Rao Anand Prahalad , Marafon Denise Pires , Ruperto Nicolino , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo develop and test a hybrid measure of muscle strength for juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), which is based on the combination of the Manual Muscle Testing in 8 muscles (MMT‐8) and the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS) but is more comprehensive than the former and more feasible than the latter.MethodsThe hybrid MMT‐8/CMAS (hMC) is composed of all 8 items of the MMT‐8 and 3 items of the CMAS: time of head lift, assessment of abdominal muscles, and floor rise. The score ranges 0–100, with 100 indicating normal muscle strength. Validation procedures were conducted using 3 large multinational patient samples, including a total of 810 JDM patients.ResultsThe hMC revealed face and content validity, good construct validity, excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99), and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.94), strong responsiveness to clinical change over time (standardized response mean = 0.8 among patients judged as improved by the caring physician), and satisfactory capacity to discriminate patients judged as being in the states of inactive disease or low, moderate, or high disease activity by the physician (P < 0.001) or patients whose parents were satisfied or not satisfied with the illness course (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe hMC was found to possess good measurement properties in a large population of patients with a wide range of disease activity and severity. The new tool, which is primarily intended for use in routine clinical care, should be further tested in other populations of patients evaluated prospectively.
Fully Reversible Multistate Fluorescence Switching: Organogel System Consisting of Luminescent Cyanostilbene and Turn‐On Diarylethene
Authors: Kim Dojin , Kwon Ji Eon , Park Soo Young 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMulticolor tunable and multistate switchable organogel is reported, which consists of a cyanostilbene organogelator showing aggregation‐induced enhanced emission and a turn‐on type photochromic diarylethene dye. The mixed organogel can be reversibly switched among four different states (blue‐emitting gel, nonemissive sol, green‐emitting gel, and green‐emitting sol) modulated by a combination of orthogonal stimuli of heat and light. It is interestingly noted that this four‐state switching constitutes a combinational logic circuit consisting of two stimuli inputs and three outputs. Reversible fluorescence writing, switching, erasing, and image patterning processes on this mixture gel system are demonstrated.
Trauma and the Family: A Systems‐oriented Approach
Authors: Papero Daniel V. 
Published: December 2017

Since at least the middle of the 19th century clinicians have been interested in the symptoms expressed by individuals following exposure to situations inducing severe and chronic stress (trauma). The symptom cluster has been labelled differently over the years. The current diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to these symptoms. Although not formally noted in the diagnostic categories, the literature has included much discussion of complex of PTSD (C‐PTSD), also often referred to as disorders extreme stress not otherwise specific (DESNOS). The linking of PTSD and C‐PTSD to early developmental environments represents an important step in understanding the individual's susceptibility to subsequent stress. The focus of clinical assistance has generally settled on the symptomatic individual. Various treatment approaches and techniques have been applied with varying results. The notion that the individual symptoms might be addressed with therapeutic processes applied beyond the individual to the relationship systems, particularly the family, in which the symptomatic individual lives and functions, has received less attention. The idea of chronic anxiety, included in Bowen's discussion of the relationship between anxiety and family relational activity (Bowen, ), provides a conceptual framework from which specific therapeutic processes directed to the relationship system itself can be hypothesised and implemented.
The role of mindsets, productions, and perceptual symbols in goal‐directed information processing
Authors: Wyer Robert S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThree recent conceptualizations have been proposed to account for the manner in which goal‐directed activity in one situation can influence judgments, behavioral decisions, and overt behavior in a later situation. One, which accounts for the effect of behavioral mindsets (Wyer & Xu, , Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20, 107), conceptualizes the effect of performing goal‐directed behavior in a situation on the strategies selected for use in attaining quite different goals in a later, unrelated situation. A second, stimulated by Anderson's (, The architecture of cognition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) conceptualization of cognitive productions, accounts for the effects of stimuli of which one is not completely aware on motor behavior that is performed with little if any cognitive mediation. The third, suggested by Barsalou's (, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577; 2008, Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617) conceptualization of perceptual symbol systems (Barsalou, ), accounts for the associations of not only semantic concepts and their metaphorical meanings but also visual images, affective reactions, sensory stimulation (taste, smell, etc.), and behavioral dispositions. Recent research exemplifying effects of each of these formulations is reviewed, and an approach for conceptually integrating their implications into a more general formulation of information processing is suggested.
Stimulation Interval Evaluation for Lower‐Limb Cycling Movement Based on Torque Observer
Authors: Hsueh Po‐Wen , Tsai Mi‐Ching , Chen Chun‐Lin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted cycling ergometer incorporating passive or active movement has been proven to be effective in rehabilitation for stroke patients. Although a conventional five‐bar linkage model of lower‐limb cycling movement was proposed earlier to evaluate the stimulation interval, the accuracy of the obtained anthropometric data of patients still remains uncertain. To properly deliver FES during cycling for restoring the physical strength of patients, this study proposes a method of stimulation interval evaluation by integrating a torque observer into a motor driven cycle ergometer. The torque observer design, which is based on the measured motor current and position information, is employed to evaluate the stimulation interval without measuring the anthropometric data of patients. Simulated and experimental results were compared to verify the effectiveness of the proposed torque observer approach; meanwhile, the results of the study showed that the torque observer indeed provides a proper stimulation interval for FES in comparison to that of the conventional five‐bar linkage model.
Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System
Authors: Laffan Susan B. , Posobiec Lorraine M. , Uhl Jenny E. , Vidal Justin D. 
Published: December 2017

The postnatal development of the female reproductive system in laboratory animals and humans is reviewed. To enable a meaningful species comparison of the developing female reproductive system, common definitions of developmental processes were established with a focus made on aspects that are similar across species. A species comparison of the key endocrine, morphologic, and functional (onset of ovarian cycles and ability to reproduce) features of postnatal development of the female reproductive system is provided for human, nonhuman primate, dog, rat, and also mouse, minipig, and rabbit where possible. Species differences in the timing and control of female sexual maturation are highlighted.Additionally, a species comparison of the type and timing of female reproductive ovarian cycles was compiled. Human development provided the frame of reference, and then other common laboratory species were compared. The comparison has inherent challenges because the processes involved and sequence of events can differ greatly across species. Broad strokes were taken to assign a particular average age to an event and are to be used with caution. Methods of evaluation of postnatal female reproductive development in laboratory animals are discussed. Lastly, control rodent data from one of the author's laboratory on vaginal opening, first estrus, estrous cyclicity, and the histopathology involved with the developing female rat and mouse are presented. The information provided in this review is intended to be a resource for the design and interpretation of juvenile animal toxicity testing and ultimately, the relevance of the data to characterize potential risks for women and girls. Birth Defects Research 110:163–189, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smart Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Switching Gas Permeation through MOF Membranes by External Stimuli
Authors: Knebel Alexander , Zhou Chen , Huang Aisheng , Zhang Jian , Kustov Leonid , Caro Juergen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe switching of gas permeation and adsorption on polymers, zeolites, and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) by external stimuli like temperature, pressure, light, and electric fields is discussed. Especially MOFs as soft porous crystals are suitable candidates for switching gas transport. If the linker of a MOF contains a cis‐trans switchable azo moiety, switching of the trans state into the cis state reduces gas transport through a MOF membrane. On the other hand, MOFs with dipolar or ionic components can be switched upon polarization with an electric field into polymorphs of the starting MOF. A ZIF‐8 membrane can be switched into a polymorph with a rather stiff lattice, which sharpens the molecular sieving effect of the membrane, and, as an example, the propene/propane selectivity increases.
Experimental investigation on two‐phase flow maldistribution in parallel minichannels with U‐type configuration
Authors: Madanan Umesh , Nayak Rajlakshmi , Chatterjee Dhiman , Das Sarit K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo‐phase flow in parallel minichannels finds a number of applications. Maldistribution between parallel channels reduces both the thermal and fluid‐dynamic performances. To reduce the maldistribution effect, it is important to have information about the phase split in individual channels. The present study brings out the effects of various parameters like the channel diameter, number of channels, two‐phase flow regimes, and void fraction on the flow split in two‐phase flow inside a system of parallel channels for a U‐type configuration. Experiments are carried out with the plug and slug regimes typical to minichannel flows. High speed photography is used for flow visualization and the pressure drop values in individual channels are measured with a differential pressure transmitter to quantify maldistribution. The time averaged void fraction is found using an image processing technique. A counterintuitive non‐monotonous distribution of the void fraction in the channels brings out the fact that in two‐phase flow splitting, the relative distribution of the two phases does not depend on pressure drop alone. Flow configuration and the two‐phase flow regime in the header play a key role. An analysis with the existing separated flow model modified for minichannels reveals that although it is possible to estimate the orders of magnitude with respect to splitting, better splitting models still need to be developed. An empirical correlation for variation of the normalized pressure drop in the parallel minichannels, as a function of dimensionless distance along the header, is developed for each of the investigated flow regimes.
Increased temperature disrupts chemical communication in some species but not others: The importance of local adaptation and distribution
Authors: Iglesias‐Carrasco Maider , Head Megan L. , Martín José , Cabido Carlos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEnvironmental conditions experienced by a species during its evolutionary history may shape the signals it uses for communication. Consequently, rapid environmental changes may lead to less effective signals, which interfere with communication between individuals, altering life history traits such as predator detection and mate searching. Increased temperature can reduce the efficacy of scent marks released by male lizards, but the extent to which this negative effect is related to specific biological traits and evolutionary histories across species and populations have not been explored. We experimentally tested how increased temperature affects the efficacy of chemical signals of high‐ and low‐altitude populations of three lizard species that differ in their ecological requirements and altitudinal distributions. We tested the behavioral chemosensory responses of males from each species and population to male scent marks that had been incubated at one of two temperatures (cold 16°C or hot 20°C). In high‐altitude populations of a mountain species (Iberolacerta monticola), the efficacy of chemical signals (i.e., latency time and number of tongue flicks) was lower after scent marks had been exposed to a hot temperature. The temperature that scent marks were incubated at did not affect the efficacy of chemical signals in a ubiquitous species (Podarcis muralis) or another mountain species (I. bonalli). Our results suggest that specific ecological traits arising through local adaptation to restricted distributions may be important in determining species vulnerability to climatic change.
Correlating Boron–Hydrogen Stretching Frequencies with Boron–Hydrogen Bond Lengths in Closoboranes: An Approach Using DFT Calculations
Authors: Hagemann Hans , Sharma Manish , Sethio Daniel , Lawson Daku Latévi Max 
Published: December 2017

Using harmonic and anharmonic DFT calculations, we have established a general correlation between B–H stretching frequencies and B–H bond lengths valid for the closoboranes (x = 6 – 12), substituted closoboranes B12H12 – (with X = F, Cl, Br and n = 1 – 3 and 9 – 12) and the carboranes and , suggesting that this correlation is also applicable to other similar species. It appears that the average B–H stretching frequency observed around 2500 cm−1 shift by about −100 cm−1 if the average B–H bond length increases by 1 pm. In contrast to , the B–H bond in closoboranes is practically covalent and the correlation evidenced between its stretching frequency and its length proves to be similar to the one observed for the C–H bond.
Randomized cross‐over trial comparing the diagnosis of gestational diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test and a designed breakfast glucose profile
Authors: Marais Colin , Hall David R. , van Wyk Lourentia , Conradie Magda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare a glucose test based on a standardized, designed breakfast to the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), comparing venous and capillary glucose values for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThe present prospective, randomized, cross‐over trial enrolled patients at high risk of developing GDM who were attending the High‐Risk Antenatal Clinic of Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, between March 1 and December 31, 2015. Patients were randomized to initial testing with either the OGTT or a designed breakfast glucose profile (DBGP) glucose test before the alternate test was performed 1 week later; no dietary or other interventions were applied in the intervening period. Venous and capillary fasting and 2‐hour glucose values were measured and were compared between the OGTT and DBGP, and between OGTT and laboratory venous samples.ResultsThere were 51 patients included in the study. The fasting and 2‐hour capillary glucose values from the OGTT correlated significantly with the laboratory venous samples (P<0.001 at both time intervals). The 2‐hour capillary glucose values from the DBGP demonstrated a satisfactory correlation with those from the OGTT (P<0.001).ConclusionsThe DBGP provided a sufficiently accurate alternate test for the diagnosis of GDM; it warrants further investigation.
Relationship between glenoid deformity and gait characteristics in a rat model of neonatal brachial plexus injury
Authors: Hennen Kelsey , Crouch Dustin L. , Hutchinson Ian D. , Li Zhongyu , Saul Katherine 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTNeonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) results in substantial postural and functional impairments associated with underlying muscular and osseous deformities. We examined the relationship between glenoid deformity severity and gait in a rat model of NBPI, an established model for studying the in vivo pathomechanics of NBPI. At 8 weeks post‐operatively, we monitored the gait of 24 rat pups who exhibited varying degrees of glenoid deformity following unilateral brachial plexus neurectomy and chemodenervation interventions administered 5 days postnatal. Five basic stride and stance metrics were calculated for the impaired forelimbs over four consecutive gait cycles. Bilateral differences in glenoid version (ΔGAv) and inclination (ΔGAi) angles were computed from data for the same rats as reported in a previous study. A linear regression model was generated for each deformity‐gait pair to identify significant relationships between the two. ΔGAv was not significantly correlated with any gait measurements, while ΔGAi significantly correlated with all five gait measurements. Specifically, ΔGAi was significantly positively correlated with stride length (R2 = 0.38, p = 0.001) and stance factor (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001), and significantly negatively correlated with stance width (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.016), swing/stance ratio (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.046), and stride frequency (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.003). Rats with declined glenoids exhibited the most altered gait. Clinical significance: Our findings link musculoskeletal changes and functional outcomes in an NBPI rat model. Thus, gait analysis is a potentially useful, non‐invasive, quantitative way to investigate the effects of injury and deformity on limb function in the NBPI rat model. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1991–1997, 2018.
Design of Optimized Reaction Conditions for the Efficient Living Anionic Polymerization of Cyclopropane‐1,1‐Dicarboxylates
Authors: Benlahouès Antoine , Brissault Blandine , Boileau Sylvie , Penelle Jacques 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA reinvestigation of the experimental parameters used when polymerizing anionically a cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylate indicates that several key steps have to be considered, but that other steps—including some routinely used up to now—although not harmful, are nevertheless useless. A robust protocol is thus designed whose implementation allows us to routinely control the polymerization of di‐n‐propyl cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylate, used as a model monomer for the entire family of cyclopropyl monomers geminally activated by two ester groups. Degrees of polymerization of up to 200 can be routinely obtained, with polydispersity indexes lower than 1.05. In some cases, a small shoulder can be identified in the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) chromatogram, although not systematically. The close proximity between the two distributions affects the polydispersity index only marginally (Mw/Mn still in the 1.01–1.05 range), and highly resolutive SEC columns are needed in order to identify the issue. Finally, attempts to use organic superbases other than tBuP4 have failed thus far.
Investigation of Cryptococcus neoformans magnesium transporters reveals important role of vacuolar magnesium transporter in regulating fungal virulence factors
Authors: Suo Chen‐Hao , Ma Lan‐Jing , Li Hai‐Long , Sun Jian‐Fang , Li Chao , Lin Ming‐Hui , Sun Tian‐Shu , Du Wei , Li Yan‐Jian , Gao Xin‐Di , Meng Yang , Sai Si‐Xiang , Ding Chen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans. Recent studies have demonstrated that metals are critical factors for the regulation of fungal virulence in hosts. In this study, we systemically investigated the function of C. neoformans magnesium transporters in controlling the intracellular Mg balance and virulence‐associated factors. We identified three Mg transporters in C. neoformans: Mgt1, Mgt2, and Mgt3. While we could not detect a Mg2+‐related growth phenotype in mgt1 and mgt3 knockout strains, a GAL7p‐Mgt2 strain showed significant Mg‐dependent growth defects in the presence of glucose. Further analysis demonstrated that MGT2 is a homolog of MNR2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is localized to the vacuolar membrane and participates in intracellular Mg transport. Interestingly, a transcriptome analysis showed that Mgt2 influenced the expression of 19 genes, which were independent of Mg2+. We showed that melanin synthesis in C. neoformans required Mg2+ and Mgt2, and that capsule production was negatively regulated by Mg2+ and Mgt2. Repressing the expression of MGT2‐induced capsule, which resulted in an increased fungal burden in the lungs. Cumulatively, this study sets the stage for further evaluation of the important role of Mg homeostasis in the regulation of melanin and capsule in C. neoformans.
Pharmacokinetics of the cannabinoid receptor ligand [18F]MK‐9470 in the rat brain – Evaluation of models using microPET
Authors: Miederer Isabelle , Buchholz Hans‐Georg , Kronfeld Andrea , Maus Stephan , Weyer‐Elberich Veronika , Mildenberger Philipp , Lutz Beat , Schreckenberger Mathias 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe positron emission tomography ligand [18F]MK‐9470 is an inverse agonist that binds reversibly and with high affinity to the cannabinoid type 1 receptor. Due to its slow brain kinetics, care is required in the definition of its dissociation rates from the receptor. The goal of this study was to investigate pharmacokinetic analysis methods using an arterial input function.MethodsFive Sprague‐Dawley rats received injections of 13 to 25 MBq of [18F]MK‐9470 and were scanned over a period of 90 min. Arterial blood samples were collected throughout the scan. Data were analyzed using four different compartmental models: a reversible one‐tissue model, reversible two tissue models with and without parameter constraints and an irreversible two‐tissue model. The outcome values were goodness of fit measures (Akaike information criterion; standard error), pharmacokinetic modeling parameters (volume of distribution; irreversible uptake constant) and intersubject variability.ResultsGoodness of fit measures indicated that the experimental data are more adequately described by a two‐tissue model than a one‐tissue model. Differences in mean Akaike information criterion values between all two‐tissue models were < 5%. Mean standard errors of model parameters were lowest for the irreversible model (range: 1% to 6%). The irreversible model delivered plausible results for all animals that were less variable compared to results of the other two‐tissue models.ConclusionsA reversible two‐tissue model may not deliver stable results for all animals and regions within a 90‐min microPET study protocol. Stable parameters for all animals and regions are obtained when an irreversible model is used. If the acquisition time of the experiment is limited, an irreversible model provides a consistent distribution of composite outcome parameters, suggesting its suitability for use in future studies.