bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algebras and Hilbert spaces from gravitational path integrals. Understanding Ryu-Takayanagi/HRT as entropy without AdS/CFT
Authors: Colafranceschi Eugenia , Dong Xi , Marolf Donald , Wang Zhencheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent works by Chandrasekaran, Penington, and Witten have shown in various special contexts that the quantum-corrected Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) entropy (or its covariant Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) generalization) can be understood as computing an entropy on an algebra of bulk observables. These arguments do not rely on the existence of a local holographic dual field theory. We show that analogous-but-stronger results hold in any UV-completion of asymptotically anti-de Sitter quantum gravity with a Euclidean path integral satisfying a simple and (largely) familiar set of axioms. We consider a quantum context in which a standard Lorentz-signature classical bulk limit would have Cauchy slices with asymptotic boundaries BL ⊔ BR where both BL and BR are compact manifolds without boundary. Our main result is then that (the UV-completion of) the quantum gravity path integral defines type I von Neumann algebras $$ {\mathcal{A}}_L^{B_L} $$

A
L

B
L

, $$ {\mathcal{A}}_R^{B_R} $$

A
R

B
R

of observables acting respectively at BL, BR such that $$ {\mathcal{A}}_L^{B_L} $$

A
L

B
L

, $$ {\mathcal{A}}_R^{B_R} $$

A
R

B
R

are commutants. The path integral also defines entropies on $$ {\mathcal{A}}_L^{B_L} $$

A
L

B
L

, $$ {\mathcal{A}}_R^{B_R} $$

A
R

B
R

. Positivity of the Hilbert space inner product then turns out to require the entropy of any projection operator to be quantized in the form ln N for some N ∈ ℤ+ (unless it is infinite). As a result, our entropies can be written in terms of standard density matrices and standard Hilbert space traces. Furthermore, in appropriate semiclassical limits our entropies are computed by the RT-formula with quantum corrections. Our work thus provides a Hilbert space interpretation of the Ryu-Takayanagi entropy. Since our axioms do not severely constrain UV bulk structures, it is plausible that they hold equally well for successful formulations of string field theory, spin-foam models, or any other approach to constructing a UV-complete theory of gravity.
What if string theory has a de Sitter excited state?
Authors: Chakravarty Joydeep , Dasgupta Keshav 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose precise effective field theory criteria to obtain a four-dimensional de Sitter space within M-theory. To this effect, starting with the state space described by the action of metric perturbations, fluxes etc over the supersymmetric Minkowski vacuum in eleven-dimensions, we discuss the most general low energy effective action in terms of the eleven-dimensional fields including non-perturbative and non-local terms. Given this, our criteria to obtain a valid four-dimensional de Sitter solution at far IR involve satisfying the Schwinger-Dyson equations of the associated path integral, as well as obeying positivity constraints on the dual IIA string coupling and its time derivative. For excited states, the Schwinger-Dyson equations imply an effective emergent potential different from the original potential. We show that while vacuum solutions and arbitrary coherent states fail to satisfy these criteria, a specific class of excited states called the Glauber-Sudarshan states obey them. Using the resurgent structure of observables computed using the path integral over the Glauber-Sudarshan states, four-dimensional de Sitter in the flat slicing can be constructed using a Glauber-Sudarshan state in M-theory.Among other novel results, we discuss the smallness of the positive cosmological constant, including the curious case where the cosmological constant is very slowly varying with time. We also discuss the resolution of identity with the Glauber-Sudarshan states, generation and the convergence properties of the non-perturbative and the non-local effects, the problems with the static patch and other related topics. We analyze briefly the issues related to the compatibility of the Wilsonian effective action with Borel resummations and discuss how they influence the effective field theory description in a four-dimensional de Sitter space.
Scalarization of Taub-NUT black holes in extended scalar-tensor-Gauss-Bonnet theory
Authors: Liu Hai-Shan , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently, the scalarization of the Schwarzschild black hole has been extensively studied. In this work, we explore the scalarization of the Taub-NUT black hole within the context of the extended scalar-tensor-Gauss-Bonnet theory, which admits a Ricci-flat Taub-NUT black hole as a solution. We carried out an analysis of the probe scalar field to identify the mass parameter and NUT parameter (m, n) where hairy black holes begin to emerge. Subsequently, we used the shooting method to construct the scalarized Taub-NUT black hole numerically. Unlike the Schwarzschild case, there are two branches of new hairy black holes that are smoothly connected. We calculated the entropy of the scalarized black holes and compared these entropies with those of scalar-free Taub-NUT black holes, finding that the entropies of the new hairy black holes are larger. A novel phenomenon emerges in this system: the entropy of the black holes at the bifurcation point is constant for a positive mass parameter. We then conjecture a maximal entropy bound for all scalarized black holes whose mass parameter at the bifurcation point is greater than zero.
Lorentz invariants in particle-wave mechanical systems
Authors: Hill James M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn these notes we detail a number of new results involving the Lorentz invariants associated with the special relativistic extension of Newton’s second law proposed in [10] and not included in that text. We first summarise existing results for the two Lorentz invariants $$\xi $$
ξ
and $$\eta $$
η
and the angle $$\theta $$
θ
which is the angle in which Lorentz invariance appears as a translational invariance. We then determine new integral formulae involving these quantities and a new relationship which connects the applied forces with the same invariances. This latter relation turns out to be equivalent to the partial differential equation arising from the invariance of the velocity equation $$\textrm{d}x/\textrm{d}t = u(x, t)$$

d
x
/
d
t
=
u
(
x
,
t
)

under a Lorentz transformation. We then provide some specific examples which confirm the validity of the new relation connecting the applied forces with the invariances.
Volumentherapie – welches Präparat in welcher Situation?
Authors: Mayerhöfer Timo , Lehner Georg F. , Joannidis Michael 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie gängigen zur Volumentherapie verwendeten Lösungen sind Kristalloide und Kolloide. Kristalloide lassen sich in 0,9 % Natriumchlorid (NaCl) und balancierte Kristalloide (BK) unterteilen. Kolloide können in künstliche/artifizielle Kolloide und Humanalbumin (als natürliches Kolloid) unterteilt werden. Große Studien konnten Vorteile von BK gegenüber 0,9 % NaCl in Bezug auf renale Endpunkte zeigen, was vor allem durch den unphysiologisch hohen Chloridgehalt in 0,9 % NaCl bedingt sein dürfte. Weitere Studien wie BaSICS und PLUS Trial zeigten an einem heterogenen Kollektiv keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Mortalität. Jedoch deuten Metaanalysen auf Vorteile der BK hin. Insbesondere bei Patient:innen mit erhöhtem Risiko für eine akute Nierenschädigung, Azidose und/oder Hyperchlorämie sollten daher primär BK verwendet werden. Außer für spezielle Indikationen, so etwa bei Patient:innen mit Leberzirrhose oder „resuscitation“ in der Sepsis nach initialer Volumentherapie mit BK, sollte Albumin nicht eingesetzt werden. Andere, artifizielle, Kolloide sollten mit Zurückhaltung verabreicht werden. Für Hydroxyethylstärke gibt es eindeutige Schädigungssignale bei Intensivpatient:innen.
Sulfide and Fe-Ti-P liquid immiscibility in the Ni-Cu-Co ovoid deposit of the Voisey’s Bay complex, Labrador, Canada
Authors: Caruso Stefano , Vaillant Margaux Le , Barnes Stephen J. , Virtanen Ville J. , Iacono-Marziano Giada 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the Voisey’s Bay complex, sulfide-matrix breccias developed through the percolation of dense sulfide melt, leading to the displacement of the silicate melt within partially molten silicate-matrix breccias. In these sulfide matrix-breccias, hydrous silicate rims are commonly present at the interface between the sulfide matrix and the silicate framework. Multiple lines of evidence support a magmatic origin of these hornblende-biotite rims, which was largely coeval with the emplacement of the sulfide melt in the magmatic breccias. The formation of the hornblende-biotite rims required the addition of alkalis and water that could not have entirely been sourced from either the sulfide melt or the silicate framework. Through the integration of compositional maps with major and trace element analyses of the main accessory minerals, we propose that the critical components required for the development of the hydrous silicate rims in sulfide-matrix breccias originated from an immiscible Fe-Ti-P melt. Distinct textural and compositional features of apatite, hercynite, ilmenite and magnetite support the presence of small amounts of Fe-Ti-P melt in the sulfide melt. This Fe-Ti-P melt likely formed through melt immiscibility in the early stages of the development of the Voisey’s Bay complex, and was transported in the magma conduits together with the sulfide melt.
A frequency-dependent model for bone remodeling using a micromorphic porous medium subjected to harmonic mechanical loading
Authors: Lu Yanfei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the bone tissue was modeled as a linear viscoelastic material saturated with interstitial fluid. We considered a specific case of harmonic loading and related the mechanical stimuli to the loading frequency. In this way, we could include the inertial effect in the model while not having to deal with the perturbation during each loading period. Two types of mechanical signals were considered: strain energy and dissipation energy. A parametric study revealed the dependency of the two signals on loading frequency and material property. The evolution of the apparent mass density supported the parametric study’s findings. Under the three different frequency loadings, the strain energy-stimulated samples experienced identical remodeling scenarios. The samples stimulated with dissipation energy, on the other hand, exhibited a strong frequency dependence. An additional study was performed to investigate the effect of long-term variations in the loading frequency on the remodeling process. This demonstrated the model’s capabilities in designing and evaluating load regimes for rehabilitation following a bone injury or bone reconstruction.
Does private education pay off?
Authors: Rodríguez-Pose Andrés , Henry de Frahan Rosalie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEducation plays a crucial role in promoting innovation, entrepreneurship, and equal opportunities in society, acting as a “social elevator.” However, an inequitable educational system can perpetuate inequalities, leading to significant social consequences. This paper examines two mechanisms through which schooling systems may generate or reinforce inequalities: private schooling and school composition. Earlier studies often suggested that private schooling, particularly government-dependent private schools, had a positive impact on student achievement. However, more recent research has challenged this view, highlighting the importance of contextual factors such as school composition and socio-economic background. Building on these findings, our analysis explores how the advantages attributed to private schools are shaped by the demographic profiles of their students. Using data from the OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 and employing an education production function, we assess the effects of private schooling and school composition on student performance. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research questioning the comparative advantage of private schools, demonstrating that their perceived superiority often arises from the socio-economic advantages of the students they enroll, rather than the quality of education provided. The study also reveals significant variations across countries, underscoring the urgent need to address the segregation issues linked to private school networks.
Exploring the Branching Pattern of the Posterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery: An Analysis Based on 75 Computed Tomography Angiographies
Authors: Hajdyła Paweł , Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Gliwa Jakub , Nasser Ameen , Shafarenko Kyrylo , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
The internal iliac artery stands as the main blood supplier of the pelvis, serving as the primary source of blood for the pelvic viscera while also nourishing the musculoskeletal framework within. The arterial anatomy of the pelvis exhibits a vast array of variations, especially regarding the branching pattern of the internal iliac arteries. The posterior division of the internal iliac artery (PDIIA) may also have variable topography, especially regarding the location of its origin in the pelvic region.

Methods
A retrospective study was carried out to determine the anatomical variations, prevalence, and morphometric data of the PDIIA and its branches. A total of 75 computed tomography angiographies were analyzed.

Results
The most prevalent branch of the PDIIA was the superior gluteal artery, as it was present in 114 of the studied cases (77.03%). The median diameter of the PDIIA at its origin was 6.66 mm. The median cross-sectional area of the PDIIA at its origin was set to be 34.59 mm2.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the critical significance of understanding the PDIIA and its branches in surgical interventions aimed at managing pelvic hemorrhage. The present study provides valuable insights into the precise localization and characteristics of the PDIIA and its branches, which are essential for surgical procedures targeting specific vessels to control bleeding effectively. Owing to the high level of variability of the branching pattern of the PDIIA, a novel classification system consisting of six types was created.
Use of Cyrene™, as an alternative to dimethyl sulfoxide, as a diluent for Melatonin to determine its in vitro antimicrobial capacity
Authors: Muñoz-Jurado Ana , Jurado-Martos Francisco , Agüera Eduardo , Túnez Isaac , Escribano Begoña M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a methoxyindole that has potent antioxidant actions, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic capacity. However, its in vitro antibacterial capacity has been the least studied of its properties. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has been the most used solvent for these tests, but it shows an antimicrobial effect if it is not dissolved. Cyrene™ is a new solvent that has emerged as an alternative to DMSO. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial capacity of MLT by MIC assays, using Cyrene™ as a solvent. Likewise, the solubility of MLT in this solvent and whether it exerted any effect on bacterial growth at different percentages was also determined. Different dilutions of MLT in Cyrene™ with different concentrations, were prepared. No growth inhibition caused by MLT was observed. The growth inhibition observed was because of Cyrene™. The maximum amount of MLT that can be diluted in 100% Cyrene is 10 mg/mL, but this percentage of solvent shows a bactericidal effect. Therefore, it must be dissolved at 5% to avoid this effect, so only 4 mg/mL of MLT can be diluted in it. Therefore, if no other solvents are available, the in vitro antibacterial role of MLT cannot be adequately assessed.
Conjugation of visual enhancers in lateral flow immunoassay for rapid forensic analysis: A critical review
Authors: Dede Maria , van Dam Annemieke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring crime scene investigations, numerous traces are secured and may be used as evidence for the evaluation of source and/or activity level propositions. The rapid chemical analysis of a biological trace enables the identification of body fluids and can provide significant donor profiling information, including age, sex, drug abuse, and lifestyle. Such information can be used to provide new leads, exclude from, or restrict the list of possible suspects during the investigative phase. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art labelling techniques to identify the most suitable visual enhancer to be implemented in a lateral flow immunoassay setup for the purpose of trace identification and/or donor profiling. Upon comparison, and with reference to the strengths and limitations of each label, the simplistic one-step analysis of noncompetitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) together with the implementation of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as visual enhancers is proposed for a sensitive, accurate, and reproducible in situ trace analysis. This approach is versatile and stable over different environmental conditions and external stimuli. The findings of the present comparative analysis may have important implications for future forensic practice. The selection of an appropriate enhancer is crucial for a well-designed LFA that can be implemented at the crime scene for a time- and cost-efficient investigation.
Collision cross sections of large positive fullerene molecular ions and their use as ion mobility calibrants in trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Oppenländer Tobias , Gross Jürgen H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPositive-ion laser desorption/ionization (LDI) of fullerenes contained in soot as produced by the Krätschmer-Huffman process delivers a wide range of fullerene molecular ions from C56+• to above C300+•. Here, the collision cross section (CCS) values of those fullerene molecular ions are determined using a trapped ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight (TIMS-Q-TOF) instrument. While CCS values in the range from C60+• to C96+• are already known with high accuracy, those of ions from C98+• onward had yet to be determined. The fullerene molecular ions covered in this work have CCS values from about 200 to 440 Å2. The fullerene molecular ion series is evenly spaced at C2 differences in composition, and thus, small CCS differences of just 2.2–3.5 Å2 were determined across the entire range. Fullerene M+• ions may be employed as mobility calibrants, in particular, when very narrow 1/K0 ranges are being analyzed to achieve high TIMS resolving power. In addition, due to the simple elemental composition, M+• ions of fullerenes could also serve for mass calibration. This study describes the determination of CCS values of fullerene molecular ions from C56+• to C240+• and the application of ions from C56+• to C220+• to calibrate the ion mobility scale of a Bruker timsTOFflex instrument in any combination of LDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), and electrospray ionization (ESI) modes in the CCS range from about 200 to 420 Å2. This use was exemplified along with ions from Agilent Tune Mix, leucine-enkephalin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and substance P.
Graphical Abstract
Phyllosphere of Agathis australis Leaves and the Impact of the Soil-Borne Pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida
Authors: Murray Maisie Leigh Hamilton , Dopheide Andrew , Leonard Jenny , Padamsee Mahajabeen , Schwendenmann Luitgard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLeaf surface microbial communities play an important role in forest ecosystems and are known to be affected by environmental and host conditions, including diseases impacting the host. Phytophthora agathidicida is a soil-borne pathogen that causes severe disease (kauri dieback) in one of New Zealand’s endemic trees, Agathis australis (kauri). This research characterised the microbial communities of the A. australis phyllosphere (i.e. leaf surface) using modern molecular techniques and explored the effects of P. agathidicida on those communities. Fresh leaves were collected from trees where P. agathidicida was and was not detected in the soil and characterisation of the leaf surface microbial community was carried out via high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S ribosomal RNA regions. Nutrients in leaf leachates were also measured to identify other possible drivers of microbial diversity. The dominant phyllosphere microbial phylum was Proteobacteria followed by Acidobacteria. The phyllosphere microbial richness of A. agathis associated with P. agathidicida-infected soils was found to be generally lower than where the pathogen was not detected for both prokaryote (bacterial) and fungal phyla. Leaf leachate pH as well as boron and silicon had significant associations with bacterial and fungal community structure. These findings contribute to the development of a comprehensive understanding of A. australis leaf surface microbial communities and the effects of the soil pathogen P. agathidicida on those communities.
Campycins are novel broad-spectrum antibacterials killing Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Zampara Athina , Gencay Yilmaz Emre , Brøndsted Lone , Sørensen Martine Camilla Holst 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pyocins are high molecular weight bacteriocins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that can be retargeted to new bacterial species by exchanging the pyocin tail fibers with bacteriophage receptor binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we develop retargeted pyocins called campycins as new antibacterials to precisely and effectively kill the major foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. We used two diverse RBPs (H-fibers) encoded by CJIE1 prophages found in the genomes of C. jejuni strains CAMSA2147 and RM1221 to construct campycin 1 and campycin 2, respectively. Campycins 1 and 2 could target all C. jejuni strains tested due to complementary antibacterial spectra. In addition, both campycins led to more than 3 log reductions in C. jejuni counts under microaerobic conditions at 42 °C, whereas the killing efficiency was less efficient under anaerobic conditions at 5 °C. Furthermore, we discovered that both H-fibers used to construct the campycins bind to the essential major outer membrane protein (MOMP) present in all C. jejuni in a strain-specific manner. Protein sequence alignment and structural modeling suggest that the highly variable extracellular loops of MOMP form the binding sites of the diverse H-fibers. Further in silico analyses of 5000 MOMP sequences indicated that the protein falls into three major clades predicted to be targeted by either campycin 1 or campycin 2. Thus, campycins are promising antibacterials against C. jejuni and are expected to broadly target numerous strains of this human pathogen in nature and agriculture.

Key points
• Campycins are engineered R-type pyocins containing H-fibers from C. jejuni prophages
• Campycins reduce C. jejuni counts by >3 logs at conditions promoting growth
• Campycins bind to the essential outer membrane protein MOMP in a strain-dependent way