bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISINTEGRASI DINDING SEL MIKROBA LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS SECARA TERMO-ALKALI DAN SONIKASI (<i>Microbial Cell Wall Disintegration of Biological Sludge from Paper Industry Wastewater Treatment Plant using Thermo - Alkaline and Sonication<i>)
Authors: Saepulloh Saepulloh , Soetopo Rina Susilowati , Septiningrum Krisna 
Published: June 2017

Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) of paper mills generates biological sludge containing organic compounds such as microbial biomass in the range of 60-90%. The sludge is voluminous and difficult dewatered causing problems during handling and utilization. Microbial cell wall disintegration using thermo-alkaline and sonication disrupt microbial cell walls so sludge handling and utilization is easier for further use. Cell wall disruption of biological sludge pre-treatment using thermo-alkaline, sonication and combination of both treatments has been conducted. Thermo-alkaline treatment was carried out for 24 hours with temperature variations (20oC, 37oC, 50oC) and pH (9, 10, 11); sonication treatment was performed at high frequency (30 ± 10 kHz) with a variation of time (15, 30, and 45 minutes), and the combination of both treatments was performed at the optimum conditions respectively. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on the increase of soluble COD (CODf) and ratio of CODf /CODT with univariate statistical test (SPSS 16.0). The results showed that the thermo-alkaline treatment is more effective than sonication and combination treatment. The best condition was obtained when sludge treated with thermo-alkaline treatment at pH 10 and temperature 37°C, CODf was increased 439.91%, with ratio of CODf/CODT 0,128.Keywords: biological sludge, cell disintegration, thermo-alkaline, sonication, CODfABSTRAKInstalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) industri kertas menghasilkan lumpur biologi yang mengandung senyawa organik berupa biomassa mikroba berkisar 60-90%. Lumpur tersebut bersifat voluminousdan sulit dihilangkan airnya sehingga menimbulkan masalah pada penanganan dan pemanfaatannya. Perlakuan termo-alkali dan sonikasi merupakan metode disintegrasi sel terhadap lumpur biologi yang dilakukan untuk memecah dinding sel mikroba sehingga dapat lebih mudah dalam penanganan dan pemanfaatan selanjutnya. Penelitian termo-alkali, sonikasi, dan gabungannya terhadap lumpur biologi telah dilakukan. Perlakuan termo-alkali dilakukan selama 24 jam dengan variasi suhu (20oC, 37oC, 50oC) dan pH (9, 10, 11); perlakuan sonikasi dilakukan pada frekuensi tinggi (30 ± 10 kHz) dengan variasi waktu (15, 30, dan 45 menit), dan perlakuan gabungan termoalkali dan sonikasi dilakukan pada kondisi optimum masing-masing. Efektivitas perlakuan dievalusi berdasarkan peningkatan COD terlarut (CODf) dan rasio CODf /CODT dengan uji statistik univariate(SPSS 16.0). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan termo-alkali lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan perlakuan sonikasi dan gabungannya. Kondisi terbaik perlakuan termo-alkali adalah pada pH 10 dan suhu 37oC dengan peningkatan CODf 439,91% dengan rasio CODf /CODT 0,128.Kata kunci : Lumpur biologi, disintegrasi sel, termo-alkali, sonikasi, CODf
PENINGKATAN SIFAT CETAK KERTAS SALUT DENGAN PIGMEN PRESIPITASI KALSIUM KARBONAT BERUKURAN SUBMIKRON ( <i>DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTING PROPERTIES ON COATED PAPER USING SUBMICRON PIGMENT PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE</i> )
Authors: Oktavia Evi , Wirawan Sonny Kurnia , Elyani Nina 
Published: June 2017

This research has been conducted to maximize the calcium carbonate usage without optical brigthening agent additional. The improvement on printing properties and a high degree of white paper was addressed the problem of meta-stable materials coated on the submicron of crystalline vaterite precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) by composite it with latex. This study characterized the coating pigment, preparation of coating color, applied to paper sheets and compared with previous research and Indonesia National Standard specification of coated printing paper (SNI 0154:2010). The use of mixed submicron PCC (SPCC) and regular PCC (RPCC) as a white-coated paper produces a high brightness, low roughness, low oil penetration, high picking strength, high gloss, and low water absorption. Mostly those testing parameters meet the requirement of the Indonesia Standard National of printing coated-paper SNI 0154: 2010. Improvement also achieved on composite of submicron PCC-binder latex. A significant improvement of gloss value of the laboratory-scale processes was equal with supercalender using the paper machine and 23.6-28.9% of increasing of brigthness prior to previous study. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bermaksud untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan pigmen kalsium karbonat tanpa menggunakan tambahan optical brigthening agent. Sifat cetak dan derajat cerah kertas ditingkatkan dengan cara mengatasi masalah meta-stabil pada bahan salut presipitat kalsium karbonat (PCC) submikron bentuk kristal vaterit melalui pembentukan komposit dengan lateks. Penelitian ini meliputi tahap karakterisasi bahan salut, pembuatan bahan salut, dan aplikasinya pada kertas, serta analisis sifat fisik, cetak dan optis pada kertas cetak salut, lalu membandingkannya dengan penelitian sebelumnya dan SNI spesifikasi kertas cetak salut SNI 0154:2010. Penggunaan campuran PCC submikron (SPCC)dengan PCC reguler (PCC) sebagai bahan salut menghasilkan derajat cerah kertas tinggi, kekasaran rendah, penetrasi minyak rendah, ketahanan cabut tinggi, kilap tinggi, dan daya serap air rendah. Sebagian besar parameter tersebut memenuhi standar SNI spesifikasi kertas cetak salut (SNI 0154 : 2010). Peningkatan juga terjadi pada komposit PCC submikron (SPCC) dengan binder lateks. Peningkatan signifikan terjadi pada analisa kilap kertas cetak salut skala laboratorium yang menunjukkan hasil sama dengan superkalender pada mesin kertas, dan terjadi peningkatan derajat cerah yaitu sekitar 23,6 – 28,9% terhadap penelitian sebelumnya.Kata kunci: bahan salut, kertas cetak salut, kilap tinggi, SNI 0154:2010
Meditations on crises and time in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Hrckova Jana 
Published: June 2017

Jansen, Stef. 2015. Yearnings in the meantime: “Normal lives” and the state in a Sarajevo apartment
complex. Dislocations. New York: Berghahn Books.Knight, Daniel M. 2015. History, time, and economic crisis in Central Greece. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Feeling the Pull: A Study of Natural Galactic Accelerometers. II. Kinematics and Mass of the Delicate Stellar Stream of the Palomar 5 Globular Cluster*
Authors: Ibata Rodrigo A. , Lewis Geraint F. , Thomas Guillaume , Martin Nicolas F. , Chapman Scott 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present two spectroscopic surveys of the tidal stellar stream of the Palomar 5 globular cluster undertaken with the VLT/FLAMES and AAT/AAOmega instruments. We use these data in conjunction with photometric data presented in the previous contribution in this series to classify the survey stars in terms of their probability of belonging to the Palomar 5 stellar stream. We find that high-probability candidates are only found in a very narrow spatial interval surrounding the locus of the stream on the sky. PanSTARRS RR Lyrae stars in this region of the sky are also distributed in a similar manner. The absence of significant “fanning” of this stellar stream confirms that Palomar 5 does not follow a chaotic orbit. Previous studies have found that Palomar 5 is largely devoid of low-mass stars, and we show that this is true also of the stellar populations along the trailing arm out to

6
°

. Within this region, which contains 73% of the detected stars, the population is statistically identical to the core, implying that the ejection of the low-mass stars occurred before the formation of the stream. We also present an updated structural model fit to the bound remnant, which yields a total mass of

4297
±
98

M

⊙

and a tidal radius

0.145
±
0.009

kpc

. We estimate the mass of the observed system including the stream to be 12,200 ± 400 M
⊙, and the initial mass to have been ~47,000 ± 1500 M
⊙. These observational constraints will be employed in our next study to model the dynamics of the system in detail.
New Observational Evidence of Active Asteroid P/2010 A2: Slow Rotation of the Largest Fragment
Authors: Kim Yoonyoung , Ishiguro Masateru , Lee Myung Gyoon 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We report new observations of the active asteroid P/2010 A2 taken when it made its closest approach to Earth (1.06 au in 2017 January) after its first discovery in 2010. Despite a crucial role of the rotational period in clarifying its ejection mechanism, the rotational property of P/2010 A2 has not yet been studied due to the extreme faintness of this tiny object (∼120 m in diameter). Taking advantage of the best observing geometry since the discovery, we succeed in obtaining the rotational light curve of the largest fragment with Gemini/GMOS-N. We find that (1) the largest fragment has a double-peaked period of 11.36 ± 0.02 hr spinning much slower than its critical spin period; (2) the largest fragment is a highly elongated object (a/b ≥ 1.94) with an effective radius of

m; (3) the size distribution of the ejecta follows a broken power law (the power indices of the cumulative size distributions of the dust and fragments are 2.5 ± 0.1 and 5.2 ± 0.1, respectively); (4) the mass ratio of the largest fragment to the total ejecta is around 0.8; and (5) the dust cloud morphology is in agreement with the anisotropic ejection model in Kim et al. These new characteristics of the ejecta obtained in this work are favorable to the impact shattering hypothesis.
Activation of MouseTcrb: Uncoupling RUNX1 Function from Its Cooperative Binding with ETS1
Authors: Zhao Jiang-yang , Osipovich Oleg , Koues Olivia I. , Majumder Kinjal , Oltz Eugene M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractT lineage commitment requires the coordination of key transcription factors (TFs) in multipotent progenitors that transition them away from other lineages and cement T cell identity. Two important TFs for the multipotent progenitors to T lineage transition are RUNX1 and ETS1, which bind cooperatively to composite sites throughout the genome, especially in regulatory elements for genes involved in T lymphopoiesis. Activation of the TCR β (Tcrb) locus in committed thymocytes is a critical process for continued development of these cells, and is mediated by an enhancer, Eβ, which harbors two RUNX-ETS composite sites. An outstanding issue in understanding T cell gene expression programs is whether RUNX1 and ETS1 have independent functions in enhancer activation that can be dissected from cooperative binding. We now show that RUNX1 is sufficient to activate the endogenous mouse Eβ element and its neighboring 25 kb region by independently tethering this TF without coincidental ETS1 binding. Moreover, RUNX1 is sufficient for long-range promoter-Eβ looping, nucleosome clearance, and robust transcription throughout the Tcrb recombination center, spanning both DβJβ clusters. We also find that a RUNX1 domain, termed the negative regulatory domain for DNA binding, can compensate for the loss of ETS1 binding at adjacent sites. Thus, we have defined independent roles for RUNX1 in the activation of a T cell developmental enhancer, as well as its ability to mediate specific changes in chromatin landscapes that accompany long-range induction of recombination center promoters.
Dietary Salt Exacerbates Experimental Colitis
Authors: Tubbs Alan L. , Liu Bo , Rogers Troy D. , Sartor R. Balfour , Miao Edward A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Western diet is characterized by high protein, sugar, fat, and low fiber intake, and is widely believed to contribute to the incidence and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, high sodium chloride salt content, a defining feature of processed foods, has not been considered as a possible environmental factor that might drive IBD. We set out to bridge this gap. We examined murine models of colitis on either a high salt diet (HSD) or a low salt diet. We demonstrate that an HSD exacerbates inflammatory pathology in the IL-10–deficient murine model of colitis relative to mice fed a low salt diet. This was correlated with enhanced expression of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, sodium accumulated in the colons of mice on an HSD, suggesting a direct effect of salt within the colon. Similar to the IL-10–deficient model, an HSD also enhanced cytokine expression during infection by Salmonella typhimurium. This occurred in the first 3 d of infection, suggesting that an HSD potentiates an innate immune response. Indeed, in cultured dendritic cells we found that high salt media potentiates cytokine expression downstream of TLR4 activation via p38 MAPK and SGK1. A third common colitis model, administration of dextran sodium sulfate, was hopelessly confounded by the high sodium content of the dextran sodium sulfate. Our results raise the possibility that high dietary salt is an environmental factor that drives increased inflammation in IBD.
Character Amenability of the Intersection of Lipschitz Algebras
Authors: Abtahi Fatemeh , Azizi, Mohsen , Rejali Ali 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLet (X, d) be ametric space and letJ⊆ [0,∞) be nonempty. We study the structure of the arbitrary intersections of Lipschitz algebras and define a special Banach subalgebra of ∩y∊JLipyX, denoted by ILipJX. Mainly, we investigate theC-character amenability of ILipJX, in particular Lipschitz algebras. We address a gap in the proof of a recent result in this field. Then we remove this gap and obtain a necessary and suõcient condition forC-character amenability of ILipJX, specially Lipschitz algebras, under an additional assumption.
From community data to research archive: Partnering to increase and sustain capacity within a native organization
Authors: Page-Reeves Janet , Marin Ananda , Bleecker Molly , Moffett Maurice Leon , DeerInWater Kathy , EchoHawk Sarah , Medin Douglas 
Published: June 2017

Community engagement and participation in academic research is growing in popularity and acceptance. Communities are now routinely engaged and participate in academic research design, implementation and interpretation, but the capacity of communities to conduct their own research is not always a product of these engagement initiatives. This article describes a collaboration between an organisation that supports Native American participation in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and university researchers to expand the organisation’s capacity to conduct research by creating a searchable database from their organisational records. We discuss how strategic design of a research collaboration can result in infrastructure development that contributes to community capacity.
Transformative learning, tribal membership and cultural restoration: A case study of an embedded Native American service-learning project at a research university
Authors: Sykes Brent E , Pendley Joy , Deacon Zermarie 
Published: June 2017

This research examines the case of a service-learning project embedded within a CBPR-based Native American tribal nation and research university collaboration in the US. Transformative learning (TL) served as the theoretical framework by which we, the multidisciplinary research team, came to appreciate the significance of the tribal nation’s lived history and deep sense of cultural loss, as well as the social impact of the service-learning project. To date, the majority of research on transformative learning has focused on the individual. This research builds on the work of a growing cadre of TL theorists who consider the role of the collective in transformation. This is especially salient for community-focused research efforts that incorporate service-learning. In this case, we treat consciousness raising, observed through documents, direct observation and participant observation, as evidence of collective transformation.

Results indicate that the service-learning project served as a catalyst for tribal nation higher education students and tribal leaders to collectively engage in critical reflection. In doing so, both groups came to develop new, emergent views of tribal membership. Students, in particular, emerged with transformed world views and deepened cultural connections, while tribal leaders came to appreciate service-learning relative to tribal needs. We thus assert that service-learning can be a culturally appropriate, sustainable educational mechanism that has application across a wide range of Indigenous
communities, thereby highlighting the instrumentality of this case.

The research also indicates how higher education institutions and fellow researchers oriented to CBPR may render more successful their future collaboration practices with historically marginalised communities. We advocate that service-learning be directed by the tribal nation or community in question. As such, the community’s lived experience and world view becomes the focal point of the partnership, thereby making it culturally relevant and broadening the views of other stakeholders.
The Interaction of Affective Factors in L2 Acquisition of Korean Formulaic Language: A Critical Overview
Authors: Türker Ebru 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Recent corpus approaches to Korean formulaic language reveal its richness as a lexical resource. Although many Korean-as-a-foreign-language (KFL) studies have investigated formulaic language from pedagogical perspectives, most existing research is not theoretically or empirically based, leading to issues with validity and applicability to teaching practices. This study first reviews prior KFL studies that offer inventory lists of formulaic expressions. Such lists tend to be based on commonly recognized factors in second language (L2) acquisition of formulaic language, such as first language (L1) background, L2 frequency, transparency, and culture. These inventory lists are useful resources for developing new KFL teaching materials, but tend to lack systematicity with respect to their methods and categorization. The study suggests that new instructional approaches and teaching materials need to be grounded on empirical research to provide more effective teaching of formulaic language. Therefore, the study also reviews empirical studies that demonstrate variation in the influence of these factors in different learning conditions and across different proficiency levels. The study argues that L2 learners utilize diverse strategies and knowledge sources, and therefore, to develop effective materials it is crucial to empirically investigate how the influence of the various factors changes depending on contexts and proficiency levels.
Comment on “Beyond the SCS‐CN method: A theoretical framework for spatially lumped rainfall‐runoff response” by M. S. Bartlett et al.
Authors: Ogden Fred L. , Hawkins Richard “Pete” , Walter M. Todd , Goodrich David C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBartlett et al. (2016) performed a re‐interpretation and modification of the space‐time lumped USDA NRCS (formerly SCS) Curve Number (CN) method to extend its applicability to forested watersheds. We believe that the well documented limitations of the CN method severely constrains the applicability of the modifications proposed by Bartlett et al. (2016). This forward‐looking comment urges the research communities in hydrologic science and engineering to consider the CN method as a stepping stone that has outlived its usefulness in research. The CN method fills a narrow niche in certain settings as a parsimonious method having utility as an empirical equation to estimate runoff from a given amount of rainfall, which originated as a static functional form that fits rainfall‐runoff data sets. Sixty five years of use and multiple reinterpretations have not resulted in improved hydrological predictability using the method. We suggest that the research community should move forward by (1) identifying appropriate dynamic hydrological model formulations for different hydro‐geographic settings, (2) specifying needed model capabilities for solving different classes of problems (e.g., flooding, erosion/sedimentation, nutrient transport, water management, etc.) in different hydro‐geographic settings, and (3) expanding data collection and research programs to help ameliorate the so‐called “overparameterization” problem in contemporary modeling. Many decades of advances in geo‐spatial data and processing, computation, and understanding are being squandered on continued focus on the static CN regression method. It is time to truly “move beyond” the Curve Number method.
Multistage 8.2 kyr event revealed through high‐resolution XRF core scanning of Cuban sinkhole sediments
Authors: Peros Matthew , Collins Shawn , G'Meiner Anna Agosta , Reinhardt Eduard , Pupo Felipe Matos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe use sediments from a flooded sinkhole (Cenote Jennifer) in northern Cuba to provide new, well‐dated, high‐resolution evidence for the 8.2 kyr event. From ~7600 to 8700 cal yr B.P. the sinkhole contained shallow, low‐salinity water, which supported a marsh dominated by cattail and grass. Peaks in Cl and Br—occurring at 8150, 8200, and 8250 cal yr B.P.—are attributable to increased evaporation due to regional drying associated with the 8.2 kyr event. The three peaks in these elements also closely correspond to the greyscale record from the Cariaco Basin, indicative of increased upwelling in the southern Caribbean Sea at this time, supporting the notion of a multistage 8.2 kyr event. Our work provides new data that help to clarify the initiation, behavior, and impacts of the 8.2 kyr event in the northern tropics.
In‐flight dynamics of volcanic ballistic projectiles
Authors: Taddeucci J. , Alatorre‐Ibargüengoitia M. A. , Cruz‐Vázquez O. , Del Bello E. , Scarlato P. , Ricci T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCentimeter to meter‐sized volcanic ballistic projectiles from explosive eruptions jeopardize people and properties kilometers from the volcano, but they also provide information about the past eruptions. Traditionally, projectile trajectory is modeled using simplified ballistic theory, accounting for gravity and drag forces only and assuming simply shaped projectiles free moving through air. Recently, collisions between projectiles and interactions with plumes are starting to be considered. Besides theory, experimental studies and field mapping have so far dominated volcanic projectile research, with only limited observations. High‐speed, high‐definition imaging now offers a new spatial and temporal scale of observation that we use to illuminate projectile dynamics. In‐flight collisions commonly affect the size, shape, trajectory, and rotation of projectiles according to both projectile nature (ductile bomb versus brittle block) and the location and timing of collisions. These, in turn, are controlled by ejection pulses occurring at the vent. In‐flight tearing and fragmentation characterize large bombs, which often break on landing, both factors concurring to decrease the average grain size of the resulting deposits. Complex rotation and spinning are ubiquitous features of projectiles, and the related Magnus effect may deviate projectile trajectory by tens of degrees. A new relationship is derived, linking projectile velocity and size with the size of the resulting impact crater. Finally, apparent drag coefficient values, obtained for selected projectiles, mostly range from 1 to 7, higher than expected, reflecting complex projectile dynamics. These new perspectives will impact projectile hazard mitigation and the interpretation of projectile deposits from past eruptions, both on Earth and on other planets.