bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of Myocardium at Risk for Left Anterior Descending Artery, Right Coronary Artery, and Left Circumflex Artery Occlusion Depicted by Contrast-Enhanced Steady State Free Precession and T2-Weighted Short Tau Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Nordlund David , Heiberg Einar , Carlsson Marcus , Fründ Ernst-Torben , Hoffmann Pavel , Koul Sasha , Atar Dan , Aletras Anthony H. , Erlinge David , Engblom Henrik , Arheden Håkan 
Published: July 2016

Background—
Contrast-enhanced steady state free precession (CE-SSFP) and T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery (T2-STIR) have been clinically validated to estimate myocardium at risk (MaR) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance while using myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography as reference standard. Myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography has been used to describe the coronary perfusion territories during myocardial ischemia. Compared with myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance offers superior image quality and practical advantages. Therefore, the aim was to describe the main coronary perfusion territories using CE-SSFP and T2-STIR cardiovascular magnetic resonance data in patients after acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—
CE-SSFP and T2-STIR data from 2 recent multicenter trials, CHILL-MI and MITOCARE (n=215), were used to assess MaR. Angiography was used to determine culprit vessel. Of 215 patients, 39% had left anterior descending artery occlusion, 49% had right coronary artery occlusion, and 12% had left circumflex artery occlusion. Mean extent of MaR using CE-SSFP was 44±10% for left anterior descending artery, 31±7% for right coronary artery, and 30±9% for left circumflex artery. Using T2-STIR, MaR was 44±9% for left anterior descending artery, 30±8% for right coronary artery, and 30±12% for left circumflex artery. MaR was visualized in polar plots, and expected overlap was found between right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. Detailed regional data are presented for use in software algorithms as a priori information on the extent of MaR.

Conclusions—
For the first time, cardiovascular magnetic resonance has been used to show the main coronary perfusion territories using CE-SSFP and T2-STIR. The good agreement between CE-SSFP and T2-STIR from this study and myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography from previous studies indicates that these 3 methods depict MaR accurately in individual patients and at a group level.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01379261 and NCT01374321.
Sea Spray Generation in Very High Winds
Authors: Ortiz-Suslow David G. , Haus Brian K. , Mehta Sanchit , Laxague Nathan J. M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Quantifying the amount and rate of sea spray production at the ocean surface is critical to understanding the effect spray has on atmospheric boundary layer processes (e.g., tropical cyclones). Currently, only limited observational data exist that can be used to validate available droplet production models. To help fill this gap, a laboratory experiment was conducted that directly observed the vertical distribution of spume droplets above actively breaking waves. The experiments were carried out in hurricane-force conditions (10-m equivalent wind speed of 36–54 m s−1), and the observed particles ranged in radius r from 80 to nearly 1400 μm. High-resolution profiles (3 mm) were reconstructed from optical imagery taken within the boundary layer, ranging from 2 to 6 times the local significant wave height. Number concentrations were observed to have a radius dependence proportional to r−3 leading to spume production estimates that diverge from typical source models, which tend to exhibit a radius falloff closer to r−8. This was particularly significant for droplets with radii circa 1 mm whose modeled production rates were several orders of magnitude less than the rates expected from the observed concentrations. The vertical dependence of the number concentrations was observed to follow a logarithmic profile, which does not confirm the power-law relationship expected by a conventional spume generation parameterization. These observations bear significant implications for efforts to characterize the role these large droplets play in boundary layer processes under high-wind conditions.
Comparison of Videostroboscopy and High-speed Videoendoscopy in Evaluation of Supraglottic Phonation
Authors: Zacharias Stephanie R. C. , Myer Charles M. , Meinzen-Derr Jareen , Kelchner Lisa , Deliyski Dimitar D. , de Alarcón Alessandro 
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To compare clinicians’ ratings of videolaryngoscopy (VLS) and high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) and assess confidence of ratings with VLS and HSV in patients with supraglottic phonation. Methods: The VLS and HSV video samples were taken from 11 adolescents post airway reconstruction who use supraglottic tissues for voice. The 22 recordings were randomized and presented to 4 clinicians: 2 speech-language pathologists and 2 pediatric otolaryngologists. Additionally, a 5-point Likert scale was used to rate level of confidence of ratings. Results: Clinicians were more likely to rate regularity on HSV versus VLS videos ( P = .003). Presence of mucosal wave was rated similarly on both imaging modalities; however, HSV was more likely to identify location ( P = .002). Supraglottic phase symmetry ( P = .014) and number of vibratory tissues used for phonation were rated more often with HSV versus VLS. Clinicians were more confident with HSV ratings compared to VLS ratings for determining vibration source, vibration pattern, and ability to make treatment decisions ( P < .0001). Conclusions: The HSV improves the ability to rate tissue vibratory characteristics when compared with VLS in children with supraglottic phonation. This information may allow better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of voice production in these individuals, leading to improved therapeutic and surgical recommendations.
Drawing like a state: Maps, modernity and warfare in the art of Gert Jan Kocken
Authors: Ferdinand Simon 
Published: July 2016

This article attends to the work of Dutch artist Gert Jan Kocken, one of the foremost arts practitioners to have drawn on geographical mapping for formal and thematic substance in recent years. Discussion focuses on his series the Depictions, in which found maps, made in pursuit of conflicting ideologies during the Second World War, are combined digitally into composite representations of cities such as Amsterdam, Berlin and Rome. Layering together hundreds of different cartographies, the artworks provide a concentrated exploration of the connections between maps, states and warfare. To grasp these connections, I read the Depictions in conjunction with Zygmunt Bauman’s conception of the modern state as a ‘gardener’ of society and space. In doing so, I highlight Kocken’s vivid demonstrations of not only the transformative potential released in state military mapping but also unevennesses and dialogic complexities with which even apparently totalising state gardening projects are fraught. My study of the Depictions builds an image of modernity as a contested garden; the article concludes by suggesting the commensurability of this vision with the social present.
Measuring the quality of life of people at the end of life: The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised
Authors: Cohen S Robin , Sawatzky Richard , Russell Lara B , Shahidi Javad , Heyland Daren K , Gadermann Anne M 
Published: July 2016

Background: The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire has been widely used with people with life-threatening illnesses without modification since its publication in 1996. With use, areas for improvement have emerged; therefore, various minor modifications were tested over time. Aim: To revise the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised) while maintaining or improving its psychometric properties and length, keeping it as close as possible to the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire to enable reasonable comparison with existing McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire literature. Design: Data sets from eight studies were used (four studies originally used to develop the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, two to develop new McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire versions, and two with unrelated purposes). The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised was developed using analyses of measurement invariance, confirmatory factor analysis, and calculation of correlations with the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire’s global quality of life item. Setting/Participants: Data were from 1702 people with life-threatening illnesses recruited from acute and palliative care units, palliative home care services, and oncology and HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics. Results: The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised consists of 14 items (plus the global quality of life item). A new Physical subscale was created combining physical symptoms and physical well-being and a new item on physical functioning. The Existential subscale was reduced to four items. The revised Support subscale, renamed Social, focuses more on relationships. The Psychological subscale remains unchanged. Confirmatory factor analysis results provide support for the measurement structure of the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised. The overall scale has good internal consistency reliability ( α = 0.94). Conclusion: The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised improves on and can replace the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire since it contains improved wording, a somewhat expanded repertoire of concepts with fewer items, and a single subscale for the physical domain, while retaining good psychometric properties.
Is There a Difference in Graft Motion for Bone-Tendon-Bone and Hamstring Autograft ACL Reconstruction at 6 Weeks and 1 Year?
Authors: Irvine James N. , Arner Justin W. , Thorhauer Eric , Abebe Ermias S. , D’Auria Jennifer , Schreiber Verena M. , Harner Christopher D. , Tashman Scott 
Published: July 2016

Background: Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) grafts are generally believed to heal more quickly than soft tissue grafts after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but little is known about the time course of healing or motion of the grafts within the bone tunnels. Hypothesis: Graft-tunnel motion will be greater in hamstring (HS) grafts compared with BTB grafts and will be less at 1 year than at 6 weeks. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve patients underwent anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using HS or BTB autografts (6 per group) with six 0.8-mm tantalum beads embedded in each graft. Dynamic stereo x-ray images were collected at 6 weeks and 1 year during treadmill walking and stair descent and at 1 year during treadmill running. Tibiofemoral kinematics and bead positions were evaluated. Graft-tunnel motion was based on bead range of motion during the loading response phase (first 10%) of the gait cycle. Results: During treadmill walking, there was no difference in femoral tunnel or tibial tunnel motion between BTB or HS grafts at 6 weeks (BTB vs HS: 2.00 ± 1.05 vs 1.25 ± 0.67 mm [femoral tunnel]; 1.20 ± 0.63 vs 1.27 ± 0.71 mm [tibial tunnel]), or 1 year (BTB vs HS: 1.62 ± 0.76 vs 1.08 ± 0.26 mm [femoral tunnel]; 1.58 ± 0.75 vs 1.68 ± 0.53 mm [tibial tunnel]). During stair descent, there was no difference in femoral or tibial tunnel motion between BTB and HS grafts at 6 weeks or 1 year. With running, there was no difference between graft types at 1 year. For all results, P values were > .05. Knee kinematics were consistent with the literature. Conclusion: During walking and stair descent, ACL reconstruction using suspensory fixation yielded no difference between graft types in femoral or tibial tunnel motion at 6 weeks or 1 year. All subjects were asymptomatic with knee kinematics similar to that of the literature. The significance of persistent, small (1 to 3 mm) movements at 1 year for healing or graft performance is unknown. Clinical Relevance: These study results may have significant implications for graft choice, rehabilitation strategies, and timing for return to sports.
Five ways the sustainable development goals are better than the millennium development goals and why every educationalist should care
Authors: Caprani Lily 
Published: July 2016

For 15 years the millennium development goals (MDGs) were a guiding force for many issues affecting the lives of children and young people around the world. Agreed by UN member states in 2001, the eight MDGs were designed as a framework around which states were expected to develop policy priorities and shape their overseas aid spending plans. The goals provided a focus for donors, international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) around an overarching ambition to reduce global poverty and its worst effects. Over this time, through a combination of economic growth, more targeted development spending, technical progress and improved cooperation, life certainly has improved for millions of children. Tremendous progress has been made in reducing preventable child deaths, getting more girls and boys into school, reducing extreme poverty and ensuring more people have access to safe water and nutritious food. However, although astonishing improvements have been made on many ‘averages’ across the goals, progress has been extremely uneven. Once you begin to disaggregate the data and break down those averages it soon becomes clear that there are still thousands who have been left behind. Too many children and young people – especially the very poorest, the most marginalized and those in most danger – did not escape poverty, get a quality education or receive protection from violence.
Cancer Transitional Care for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients Can Reduce the Number of Emergency Admissions and Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Shimada Naoki , Ishiki Hiroto , Iwase Satoru , Chiba Tsukuru , Fujiwara Noriko , Watanabe Aya , Kinkawa Junya , Nojima Masanori , Tojo Arinobu , Imai Kohzoh 
Published: July 2016

Background: Emergency admissions and emergency department visits (EAs/EDVs) have been used as quality indicators of home care in terminally ill cancer patients. We established a cancer transitional care (CTC) program to monitor and manage terminally ill cancer patients receiving care at home. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CTC by the frequency of EAs/EDVs. Methods: In a retrospective chart review, we identified 133 patients with cancer admitted to our department, of whom 56 met study eligibility criteria. The CTC consisted of at least 1 or more following components: (1) a 24-hour hotline for general physicians or home care nurses to reach hospital-based physicians, (2) periodic phone calls from an expert hospital-based oncology nurse to home care medical staff, and (3) reports sent to our department from home care medical staff. The primary outcome variable was the frequency of EAs/EDVs. Results: There were 32 EAs/EDVs and 69 planned admissions during the observation period. In the last 30 days of life, 16 patients (28.6%) had 1 EA/EDV and none had multiple EAs/EDVs. Compared with previous studies, our study found a similar or lower frequency of EAs/EDVs. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the implementation of CTC reduces the number of EAs/EDVs by replacing them with planned admissions. Further prospective studies to evaluate CTC are warranted.
Neurobehavioral Effects of Consuming Dietary Fatty Acids
Authors: Lindseth Glenda , Petros Thomas 
Published: July 2016

Background: Research results on the neurobehavioral effects of consuming dietary fatty acids are mixed. Therefore, this study examined the effects of consuming dietary fatty acids on depression, mood, and anxiety. Methods: In this randomized crossover-design study, 37 university students served as their own controls, consuming each of the following diets for a 4-day period with a 2-week washout period between diets: (1) low fatty acid, (2) high saturated fatty acid (SFA), (3) high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and (4) control. The order of sessions was counterbalanced across dietary groups. Following consumption of each diet, participants were examined for within-subject differences in depression, mood, and anxiety. Measures included weighed dietary fat intakes, Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Results: Participants had significantly higher positive affect scores ( p < .007) and were significantly less irritable ( p < .04) when they consumed diets rich in SFAs and PUFAs than when they consumed a low fatty acid or control diet. However, depression, anxiety, and negative affect scores did not differ significantly among diets. Analysis of participants’ serum lipid levels following their intake of the fatty acid and control diets indicated significantly higher levels of total cholesterol ( p = .006) and serum triglycerides ( p = .003) with the control diet. Conclusions: These results highlight the neurobehavioral benefits of consuming dietary fatty acids among healthy individuals. By concentrating on the positive effects of diet on affective processes, health professionals can also provide support for at-risk individuals.
Dentate nucleus connectivity in adult patients with multiple sclerosis: functional changes at rest and correlation with clinical features
Authors: Sbardella Emilia , Upadhyay Neeraj , Tona Francesca , Prosperini Luca , De Giglio Laura , Petsas Nikolaos , Pozzilli Carlo , Pantano Patrizia 
Published: July 2016

Background and objective: The dentate nucleus, which is the largest of the cerebellar nuclei, plays a critical role in movement and cognition. The aim of our study was to assess any changes in dentate functional connectivity (FC) in adult relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients and to investigate possible clinical correlates. Materials and methods: In all, 54 patients and 24 healthy subjects (HS) underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), three-dimensional-T1-weighted and resting state (RS) functional images; they also underwent a cognitive evaluation, that is, attention and information processing speed, by means of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Patients were also scored according to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). RS-MRI data were analysed using FMRIB Software Library (FSL) tools, with the seed-based method to identify dentate FC. Results: When compared with HS, patients exhibited brain atrophy and widespread DTI abnormalities, as well as greater FC between the dentate nucleus and cortical areas, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobes. Within these areas, FC in patients correlated inversely with clinical impairment. Finally, FC correlated inversely with lesion load and microstructural brain damage. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that dentate FC at rest is altered in MS patients. Whether these functional changes are induced by the disease and play a compensatory role remains to be established.
Defining brain volume cutoffs to identify clinically relevant atrophy in RRMS
Authors: Sormani Maria Pia , Kappos Ludwig , Radue Ernst-Wilhelm , Cohen Jeffrey , Barkhof Frederik , Sprenger Till , Piani Meier Daniela , Häring Dieter , Tomic Davorka , De Stefano Nicola 
Published: July 2016

Objective: To define values of normalized brain volume (NBV) that can be categorized as low, medium, or high, according to baseline characteristics of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Methods: Expected NBV (eNBV) was calculated for each patient based on age, disease duration, sex, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and T2-lesion volume, entering these variables into a multiple regression model run on 2342 RRMS patients (pooled FREEDOMS/FREEDOMS-II population). According to the difference between their observed NBV and their eNBV, patients were classified as having low NBV, medium NBV, or high NBV. We evaluated whether these NBV categories were clinically meaningful by assessing correlation with disability worsening. Results: The distribution of differences between observed NBV and eNBV was used to categorize patients as having low NBV, medium NBV or high NBV. Taking the high-NBV group as reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for 2-year disability worsening, adjusted for treatment effect, were 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92–1.63, p = 0.16) for the medium NBV and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.26–2.44, p = 0.001) for the low NBV. The predictive value of NBV groups was preserved over 4 years. Treatment effect appeared more evident in low-NBV patients (HR = 0.58) than in medium-NBV (HR = 0.72) and in high-NBV (HR = 0.80) patients; however, the difference was not significant ( p = 0.57). Conclusion: RRMS patients can be categorized into disability risk groups based on individual eNBV values according to baseline demographics and clinical characteristics.
Bayesian dynamic modelling to assess differential treatment effects on panic attack frequencies
Authors: Krone Tanja , Albers CJ , Timmerman ME 
Published: July 2016

Abstract: To represent the complex structure of intensive longitudinal data of multiple individuals, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian Dynamic Model (BDM). This BDM is a generalized linear hierarchical model where the individual parameters do not necessarily follow a normal distribution. The model parameters can be estimated on the basis of relatively small sample sizes and in the presence of missing time points. We present the BDM and discuss the model identification, convergence and selection. The use of the BDM is illustrated using data from a randomized clinical trial to study the differential effects of three treatments for panic disorder. The data involves the number of panic attacks experienced weekly (73 individuals, 10–52 time points) during treatment. Presuming that the counts are Poisson distributed, the BDM considered involves a linear trend model with an exponential link function. The final model included a moving average parameter and an external variable (duration of symptoms pre-treatment). Our results show that cognitive behavioural therapy is less effective in reducing panic attacks than serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors or a combination of both. Post hoc analyses revealed that males show a slightly higher number of panic attacks at the onset of treatment than females.