bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Pendekatan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Sulastri Wahyuni , Wulantina Endah 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh minimnya pengembangan bahan ajar berupa LKPD berbasis pendidikan matematika realistik serta kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan LKPD berbasis pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik Indonesia (PMRI) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa berdasarkan kevalidan, kemenarikan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan pada materi sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel (SPLTV). Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) dengan mengikuti tahap-tahap model pengembangan 4-D yang terdiri dari define (pendefinisian), design (perencanaan), develop (pengembangan), dan disseminate (penyebaran). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X IPA 1 SMA N 1 Batanghari sebanyak 23 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi ahli, lembar angket respon peserta didik, lembar angket kepraktisan guru, dan instrument tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas LKPD memenuhi kriteria kevalidan dengan skor rata- rata 3,55 dalam kategori “sangat valid”. Hasil respon peserta didik pada aspek kemenarikan diperoleh persentase 89,8% dengan kategori “sangat menarik”. Hasil angket kepraktisan diperoleh skor rata-rata 3,9 dengan kategori “sangat praktis”. Sedangkan hasil tes pada aspek keefektifan memenuhi kriteria “efektif” dengan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 82,6% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD memenuhi kriteria valid, menarik, praktis, dan efektif sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Representasi, LKPD, Pendekatan PMRI
Students Mathematical Communication Skills in Solving Contextual Problems of Three Dimensional Figures at Junior High School Level
Authors: Aribah Amanda Kurnia Zarh , Swastika Annisa 
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to describe the mathematical communication skills of students in solving three-dimensional space problems based on contextual problems. The research was carried out at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Bayat, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. The study utilized a descriptive qualitative research method. Data was collected through written test questions and interviews. The subject of this research consist of three classes of students from grade. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that not all students met the indicators of mathematical communication ability. Subject 1 has met all the indicators of mathematical communication skills. Subject 2 had difficulty mentioning the information contained in the problem, as required by the first indicator of mathematical communication ability. In contrast, subject 3 had difficulty fulfilling the second and third indicators of mathematical communication, which are the ability to understand, interpret, and evaluate mathematical ideas, and the ability to use mathematical terms, notations, and structures to present ideas and describe relationships with situation models.
Analisis Kesalahan dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Program Linear Berdasarkan Kriteria Newman
Authors: Ismaimuza Dasa , Idris Mustamin , Rosyidah Anni Syakhiyatur , Rochaminah Sutji 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal program linear berdasarkan kriteria kesalahan Newman serta faktor penyebab kesalahanya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 MAN Sigi, berdasarkan 5 kriteria penentuan subjek dipilih 1 siswa yaitu MT. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan soal tes berupa tes tertulis materi program linear untuk mengetahui kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dan wawancara untuk mengkonfirmasi kesalahan siswa serta mengetahui faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal program linear yaitu:1) Kesalahan membaca, yakni siswa tidak dapat membaca informasi penting pada soal. Kesalahan tersebut disebabkan karena lupa. 2) Kesalahan memahami masalah, yakni siswa keliru dalam memahami informasi yang diketahui dan ditanyakan oleh soal. Kesalahan tersebut disebabkan karena kesulitan memahami masalah dalam soal. 3) Kesalahan transformasi, yakni keliru dalam mengubah informasi yang ada pada soal ke model matematika pada fungsi kendalanya. Kesalahan tersebut disebabkan karena tidak memahami konsep materi yang dipelajari. 4) Kesalahan keterampilan proses, yakni keliru dalam melakukan proses penyelesaian pada langkah-langkah penyelesaian soal dan keliru menjalankan tahapan-tahapan operasi hitung yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal. Kesalahan tersebut disebabkan karena kurang teliti, tidak memahami konsep materi yang dipelajari seperti menentukan daerah penyelesaian dari sebuah grafik, eliminasi/subtitusi, menentukan titik pojok () dan konsep perkalian menggunakan tanda kurung. 5) Kesalahan penulisan jawaban, yakni kurang tepat dalam menuliskan jawaban dan kesimpulan. Kesalahan tersebut disebabkan karena kurang teliti.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Trigonometri Berdasarkan Newman
Authors: Astuti Selly Widi , Wati Astri Setya , Ayuwanti Irma 
Published: October 2024

Siswa kurang memiliki keterampilan dalam memahami pertanyaan, terutama memahami pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan cerita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita trigonometri berdasarkan Newman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk menentukan subjek penelitian. Informan pada penelitian ini adalah 9 siswa dengan kategori nilai tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode tes, metode wawancara, metode dokumentasi, dan metode observasi. Instrumen utama pada penelitian ini adalah peneliti itu sendiri, sedangkan instrumen pendukungnya adalah soal tes, pedoman wawancara dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah uji kredibilitas data, uji transferabilitas, uji dependabilitas dan uji konfirmabilitas. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah informan yang memiliki nilai kategori tinggi melakukan kesalahan pada tahap penulisan jawaban akhir karena kurangnya ketelitian saat menyelesaikan soal trigonometri yang diberikan. Selanjutnya informan yang memiliki nilai kategori sedang melakukan kesalahan pada tahap keterampilan proses dan penulisan jawaban akhir karena kurangnya keterampilan saat menyelesaikan soal cerita trigonometri. Selanjutnya informan yang memiliki nilai kategori rendah melakukan kesalahan pada tahap transformasi, keterampilan proses dan penulisan jawaban akhir karena kurangnya pemahaman pada materi, keterampilan dan ketelitian saat menyelesaikan soal cerita trigonometri yang diberikan.
SKENARIO IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BLUD PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH OTO ISKANDAR DI NATA KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Yunia Santi , Trilestari Endang W. , Listiani Teni 
Published: October 2024

Perubahan bentuk Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Oto Iskandar Di Nata (RSUD OTISTA) menjadi BLUD mempunyai tujuan utama untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, meskipun telah menjadi BLUD kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat belum optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kebijakan BLUD pada RSUD OTISTA, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menjadi hambatan dalam implementasi kebijakan BLUD dan merumuskan skenario perencanaan implementasi kebijakan BLUD. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus yang dikombinasikan dengan Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan observasi. Perumusan skenario implementasi kebijakan BLUD dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode TAIDA dan SSM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan permasalahan utama implementasi kebijakan adalah SDM dan sumber daya keuangan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut dibuat dua skenario yaitu skenario kepegawaian dan keuangan. Skenario yang terbaik adalah skenario I kepegawaian dan skenario I keuangan, skenario ini menunjukan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan akan maksimal apabila didukung oleh SDM yang profesional dan sumber keuangan yang cukup. Untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pegawai perlu dilakukan sosialisasi BLUD, evaluasi penempatan pegawai, penentuan jumlah, jenis dan kualifikasi pegawai, koordinasi dengan BKPSDM, seleksi dan rekrutment pegawai. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah sakit diperlukan penyusunan tarif baru, benchmarking tarif dengan rumah sakit lain, pengajuan kenaikan tarif, optimalisasi kerjasama dengan pihak asuransi, dan mengelola klaim asuransi dengan efektif dan efisien.
Automating bone loss measurement on periapical radiographs for predicting the periodontitis stage and grade
Authors: Ameli Nazila , Gibson Monica Prasad , Kornerup Ida , Lagravere Manuel , Gierl Mark , Lai Hollis 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an automated approach for segmenting bone loss (BL) on periapical (PA) radiographs and predicting the stage and grade of periodontitis.MethodsOne thousand PA radiographs obtained from 572 patients were utilized for training while a separate set of 1,582 images from 210 patients were used for testing. BL was segmented using a U-Net model, which was trained with augmented datasets to enhance generalizability. Apex detection was performed using YOLO-v9, focusing on identifying apexes of teeth to measure root length. Root length was calculated as the distance between the coordinates of detected apexes and center of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), which was segmented utilizing a U-Net algorithm. BL percentage (ratio of BL to the root length) was used to predict the stage and grade of periodontitis. Evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, Intersection over Union (IoU), mean absolute error (MAE), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the models’ performance.ResultsThe U-Net model achieved high accuracy in segmenting BL with 94.9%, 92.9%, and 95.62% on training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. The YOLO-v9 model exhibited a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 66.7% for apex detection, with a precision of 79.6% and recall of 62.4%. The BL percentage calculated from the segmented images and detected apexes demonstrated excellent agreement with clinical assessments, with ICC exceeding 0.94. Stage and grade prediction for periodontitis showed robust performance specifically for advanced stages (III/IV) and grades (C) with an F1-score of 0.945 and 0.83, respectively.ConclusionThe integration of U-Net and YOLO-v9 models for BL segmentation and apex detection on PA radiographs proved effective in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of periodontitis diagnosis and grading.
The role of behavior-related comments in parent–child interactions with the digital audio learning system Tiptoi®
Authors: Wildt Eugenia 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionWhereas previous research has extensively explored shared reading of both print and digital storybooks, it has paid little attention to hybrid storybook reading. This study aims to address two gaps in the existing literature: First, we investigate the use of a hybrid reading medium, specifically Tiptoi®, in the Digital Home Literacy Environment (DHLE) of young children. Second, we examine parental comments during shared storybook reading, focusing particularly on the purpose of behavior-related comments.MethodsWe conducted a study involving 40 preschoolers and first graders (aged 4–7 years). Using a survey, we examined the use of Tiptoi® as a hybrid reading medium in children's DHLE. Additionally, we analyzed parent-child interactions during shared reading sessions with Tiptoi® through semi-naturalistic observation.ResultsResults indicate that children aged 4-7 use Tiptoi® regularly and mostly independently. For parent-child interactions, we found that behavior-related comments typically served to provide instructions, to structure the interaction, and to address the technology itself.DiscussionOverall, this study provides valuable insights into the use of Tiptoi® in children's DHLE, and it highlights the importance of parental behavior-related comments in enhancing the practice of reading with hybrid storybooks.
Study on the gut microbiota, HPA, and cytokine levels in infantile spasms
Authors: You Jiajia , Liu Li , Pan Xiongfeng , Wu Liwen , Tan Lihong , Zhou Changci , Fang Siwei , Xiao Zhenghui , Qiu Jun 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe mechanisms driving the progression of infantile spasms are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the changes and correlations of the gut microbiota, the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis hormones, and the inflammatory cytokines in children with infantile spasms before and after treatment in order to provide a reference for future pathogenesis research.MethodsChildren with infantile spasms who were admitted to our hospital were recruited into the case group. The case group was divided into the pre-treatment group (group A, n = 14), the 2 weeks after treatment group (group B), and the 1 month after treatment group (group C). On the other hand, healthy children with the same sex ratio as the case group were recruited into the control group (group D, n = 14). Three stool and blood samples were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after treatment, and 1 month after treatment. The serum samples were analyzed using cytometric bead array (CBA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) to measure the levels of HPA axis hormones and inflammatory cytokines. The collected stool samples were sequenced using 16S rDNA.ResultsThe pre-treatment group demonstrated elevated levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17α, which decreased with treatment. The level of CRH was lower in the effective group than that in the ineffective group. Sutterellaceae was lower in the pre-treatment group than that in the control group. Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis was positively associated with CRH concentration (p &lt; 0.05). After treatment, Sutterellaceae was negatively associated with IL-2 and TNF-α (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study found that imbalance of the gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms and is related to the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis might be involved in the disease onset. Sutterellaceae might have a link to children’s improved health.
Evolution strategies for collaborative governance of marine microplastic pollution from the industry-research integration perspective
Authors: Li Ruifa , Dong Yichong , Zhao Qi , Zheng Mingxing , Lu Xingyu 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionMarine microplastics, are widely distributed in the global marine environment, posing a challenging issue that requires the joint efforts of global stakeholders.MethodsTo effectively address the issue of marine microplastic pollution (MMP) governance and analyze the dynamic changes in governance willingness of various participants under different scenarios, this paper meticulously constructs a game theory framework encompassing polluting enterprises, research institutions, and environmental organizations. Results(1) On the political level, the implementation of continuous and strong economic penalty mechanisms is an effective means to deter enterprises from evading MMP governance responsibilities. However, the effective execution of this strategy highly depends on the participation and supervision of environmental organizations. Therefore, it is essential to assign more roles and responsibilities to environmental organizations to ensure the thorough execution of governance measures. (2) On the technical level, the effectiveness of research directly determines the functional status of enterprises and research institutions in the MMP governance decision-making system. Weaker entities tend to make decisions following the behavioral preferences of dominant entities. Thus, deepening the integration of industry and research and fully unleashing the effectiveness of research outcomes in MMP governance is a key path to enhancing overall governance efficiency and effectiveness. (3) On the economic level, high governance costs often become a significant factor limiting the enthusiasm of all parties to participate. However, when innovative cooperation models achieve cost sharing and benefit sharing, the governance willingness of participants significantly increases. It is evident that optimizing resource allocation, improving the efficiency of fund utilization, and establishing a diversified and sustainable funding guarantee mechanism are crucial for advancing the in-depth progress of MMP governance. DiscussionIn summary, this study not only provides profound theoretical insights into the interaction relationships and behavioral choices of multiple stakeholders in MMP governance but also offers practical strategic recommendations for constructing an efficient and collaborative governance system.
Analysis and visualization of the effect of multiple sclerosis on biological brain age
Authors: Romme Catharina J. A. , Stanley Emma A. M. , Mouches Pauline , Wilms Matthias , Pike G. Bruce , Metz Luanne M. , Forkert Nils D. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe rate of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is an important biomarker for disease progression but can be challenging to quantify. The brain age gap, which quantifies the difference between a patient's chronological and their estimated biological brain age, might be a valuable biomarker of neurodegeneration in patients with MS. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the value of an image-based prediction of the brain age gap using a deep learning model and compare brain age gap values between healthy individuals and patients with MS.MethodsA multi-center dataset consisting of 5,294 T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain from healthy individuals aged between 19 and 89 years was used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for biological brain age prediction. The trained model was then used to calculate the brain age gap in 195 patients with relapsing remitting MS (20–60 years). Additionally, saliency maps were generated for healthy subjects and patients with MS to identify brain regions that were deemed important for the brain age prediction task by the CNN.ResultsOverall, the application of the CNN revealed accelerated brain aging with a larger brain age gap for patients with MS with a mean of 6.98 ± 7.18 years in comparison to healthy test set subjects (0.23 ± 4.64 years). The brain age gap for MS patients was weakly to moderately correlated with age at disease onset (ρ = −0.299, p &lt; 0.0001), EDSS score (ρ = 0.206, p = 0.004), disease duration (ρ = 0.162, p = 0.024), lesion volume (ρ = 0.630, p &lt; 0.0001), and brain parenchymal fraction (ρ = −0.718, p &lt; 0.0001). The saliency maps indicated significant differences in the lateral ventricle (p &lt; 0.0001), insula (p &lt; 0.0001), third ventricle (p &lt; 0.0001), and fourth ventricle (p = 0.0001) in the right hemisphere. In the left hemisphere, the inferior lateral ventricle (p &lt; 0.0001) and the third ventricle (p &lt; 0.0001) showed significant differences. Furthermore, the Dice similarity coefficient showed the highest overlap of salient regions between the MS patients and the oldest healthy subjects, indicating that neurodegeneration is accelerated in this patient cohort.DiscussionIn conclusion, the results of this study show that the brain age gap is a valuable surrogate biomarker to measure disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Dietary intakes of branch chained amino acids and obesity risk among Chinese gestational diabetes women
Authors: Yang Xiaoyun , Li Weiqin , Li Wei , Liu Huikun , Wang Leishen , Leng Junhong , Fan Yuxin , Yang Xilin , Liu Ming , Hu Gang 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionEpidemiological studies have assessed the correlation between daily dietary branch chain amino acid (BCAA) intakes and the risk of obesity, however, the findings from these studies were inconsistent and investigations among GDM women were few.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the associations of daily BCAA intakes with the risks of overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) postpartum.MethodWe performed a cross-sectional study of 1,263 women with prior GDM at 1–5 years post-delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of daily dietary intakes of BCAAs with the risks of overweight and abdominal obesity.ResultsThe multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) across quartiles of daily BCAA intakes postpartum were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.97), 1.00 (reference), 1.21 (95% CI 0.88–1.68), and 1.31 (95% CI 0.95–1.81) for general overweight, and 1.38 (95% CI 0.99–1.90), 1.00, 1.19 (95% CI 0.86–1.64), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.04–1.98) for abdominal obesity, respectively. Women with the lowest quartile of daily BCAA intakes significantly increased the risks of general overweight (OR 1.49; 95 %CI 1.06–2.09) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.50; 95 %CI 1.08–2.11) compared with women at quartile 2 of daily BCAA intakes after further adjustment of daily energy intake.ConclusionThe present study indicated that daily lower BCAA intakes were associated with increased risks of general overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior GDM.