bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluation of azoles as primary prophylaxis for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in Spanish patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Solano Carlos , Slavin Monica , Shaul Alissa J. , Marks David I. , Cordonnier Catherine , Cornely Oliver A. , Pagliuca Antonio , Cragin Lael , Jarque Isidro , Garcia‐Vidal Carolina , Sorensen Sonja , Vanness David J. , Charbonneau Claudie , Barrueta Jon Andoni , Peral Carmen , De Salas‐Cansado Marina , Bow Eric J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPatients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) are at risk of developing invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Even with introduction of oral triazole antifungal agents (fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole) IFI‐associated morbidity and mortality rates and economic burden remain high. Despite their proven efficacy, it is currently unknown which is the most cost‐effective antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) agent. To determine the costs and outcomes associated with AFP, a decision‐analytic model was used to simulate treatment in a hypothetical cohort of 1000 patients undergoing alloHSCT from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System. Generic itraconazole was the least costly AFP (€162) relative to fluconazole (€500), posaconazole oral suspension (€8628) or voriconazole (€6850). Compared with posaconazole, voriconazole was associated with the lowest number of breakthrough IFIs (36 vs 60); thus, the model predicted fewer deaths from breakthrough IFI for voriconazole (24) than posaconazole (33), and the lowest predicted costs associated with other licensed antifungal treatment and IFI treatment in a cohort of 1000. Voriconazole resulted in cost savings of €4707 per patient compared with posaconazole. Itraconazole demonstrated a high probability of being cost‐effective. As primary AFP in alloHSCT patients 180 days posttransplant, voriconazole was more likely to be cost‐effective than posaconazole regarding cost per additional IFI and additional death avoided.
The gastrointestinal tract – a central organ of cannabinoid signaling in health and disease
Authors: Hasenoehrl C. , Taschler U. , Storr M. , Schicho R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn ancient medicine, extracts of the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa were used against diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Today, our knowledge of the ingredients of the Cannabis plant has remarkably advanced enabling us to use a variety of herbal and synthetic cannabinoid (CB) compounds to study the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a physiologic entity that controls tissue homeostasis with the help of endogenously produced CBs and their receptors. After many anecdotal reports suggested beneficial effects of Cannabis in GI disorders, it was not surprising to discover that the GI tract accommodates and expresses all the components of the ECS. Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, participate in the regulation of GI motility, secretion, and the maintenance of the epithelial barrier integrity. In addition, other receptors, such as the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and the G‐protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), are important participants in the actions of CBs in the gut and critically determine the course of bowel inflammation and colon cancer.PurposeThe following review summarizes important and recent findings on the role of CB receptors and their ligands in the GI tract with emphasis on GI disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer.
Imagining Experiences
Authors: Langland‐Hassan Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIt is often held that in imagining experiences we exploit a special imagistic way of representing mentality—one that enables us to think about mental states in terms of what it is like to have them. According to some, when this way of thinking about the mind is paired with more objective means, an explanatory gap between the phenomenal and physical features of mental states arises. This paper advances a view along those lines, but with a twist. What many take for a special imagistic way of thinking about experiences is instead a special way of misconstruing them. It is this tendency to misrepresent experiences through the use of imagery that gives rise to the appearance of an explanatory gap. The pervasiveness and tenacity of this misrepresentational reflex can be traced to its roots in a particular heuristic for monitoring and remembering the mental states of others. The arguments together amount to a new path for defending the transparency of perceptual experience.
The influence of age on positions of the conus medullaris, Tuffier's line, dural sac, and sacrococcygeal membrane in infants, children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Jung Ji‐Yun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Song In‐Kyung , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Jin‐Tae 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the distances between the conus medullaris and the Tuffier's line, and between the dural sac and the sacrococcygeal membrane (SCM) in the same pediatric population.MethodsSpinal magnetic resonance images and simple X‐ray images of 350 patients aged from 1 month to 20 years were reviewed. Positions of the conus medullaris, Tuffier's line, the dural sac, and the SCM were identified. Each position was recorded in relation to the corresponding vertebral body segments. The distances between the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line, and between the dural sac and the SCM, were measured and then assessed according to age using an analysis of variance and a linear regression analysis.ResultsThe median levels of the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line were in the lower third of L1 [the first lumbar vertebral body] and the middle third of L5, respectively. The levels of the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line were lower in younger populations. The distance between the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line ranged from 1.5 to 4.75 vertebral body height. However, a narrow range of 1.5–2.5 vertebral height was observed only in children younger than 2 years. The level of the dural sac did not differ greatly by age, but the upper limit of the SCM was lower in older populations. The distance between the dural sac and the upper limit of the SCM increased with age.ConclusionsIn children, there is a distance of 1.5–4.75 vertebral body height between the conus medullaris and the Tuffier's line. However, these distances were narrower among younger populations. The distance between the dural sac and the upper limit of the SCM increased with age.
Differential effect of exposure‐based therapy and cognitive therapy on post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Horesh Danny , Qian Meng , Freedman Sara , Shalev Arieh 
Published: August 2016

A question remains regarding differential effects of exposure‐based versus non‐exposure‐based therapies on specific post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters. Traumatized emergency room patients were randomized to receive prolonged exposure (PE) or cognitive therapy (CT) without exposure. PE/CT had no differential effect on individual symptom clusters, and change in total PTSD score remained significant even after controlling for the reductions in all three symptom clusters. In addition, baseline levels of PTSD avoidance/intrusion/hyperarousal did not moderate the effects of PE and CT on total PTSD symptom scores. Taken together, these findings challenge the notion that PE and CT are specifically, and differentially, useful in treating one particular PTSD symptom cluster.Practitioner points

Despite their different theoretical backgrounds and techniques, the notion that PE and CT (without exposure) target different PTSD symptoms was not confirmed in this study. Thus, both interventions may in fact be equally effective for treating intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms.

Baseline levels of avoidance, intrusion and hyperarousal may not be good a priori indicators for PTSD treatment selection.

The effect of PE and CT on PTSD as a whole does not seem to depend on a reduction in any specific symptom cluster.

These findings indicate that exposure and non‐exposure interventions may lead to similar results in terms of reductions in specific PTSD symptoms. It is quite possible that individual PTSD clusters may respond to therapy in an inter‐related fashion, with one cluster affecting the other.
Installation of multiple automated external defibrillators to prevent sudden death in school‐aged children
Authors: Higaki Takashi , Chisaka Toshiyuki , Moritani Tomozo , Ohta Masaaki , Takata Hidemi , Yamauchi Toshifumi , Yamaguchi Youhei , Konishi Kyoko , Yamamoto Eiichi , Ochi Fumihiro , Eguchi Mariko , Eguchi‐Ishimae Minenori , Mitani Yoshihide , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a student died of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in a school where an automated external defibrillator (AED) had been installed. The tragedy could not be prevented because the only AED in the school was installed in the teachers' office, far from the school ground where the accident took place. This prompted establishment of a multiple AED system in schools. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the multiple AED system to prevent sudden death in school‐aged children.MethodsAssumed accident sites consisted of the school ground, gymnasium, Judo and Kendo hall, swimming pool, and classrooms on the first and the fourth floor. Multiple AED were installed in the teachers' office, gymnasium, some classrooms, and also provided as a portable AED in a rucksack. The time from the accident site to the teachers' office for single AED, and from the accident site to the nearest AED for multiple AED, was calculated.ResultsThe AED retrieval time was significantly shorter in 55 elementary schools and in 29 junior high schools when multiple AED were installed compared with single AED. Except for the classroom on the fourth floor, the number of people who took >120 s to bring the AED to the accident site was lower when multiple AED were installed compared with the single AED.ConclusionMultiple AED provided in appropriate sites can reduce the time to reach the casualty and hence prevent sudden death in school‐aged children.
Mosapride for gastroesophageal reflux disease in neurologically impaired patients
Authors: Komura Makoto , Kanamori Yutaka , Tanaka Yujiro , Kodaka Tetsuro , Sugiyama Masahiko , Terawaki Kan , Suzuki Kan , Iwanaka Tadashi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe prokinetic agent cisapride is effective for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children, but is no longer used for this purpose because of safety concerns. Therefore, other pharmacological agents need to be investigated for efficacy in GERD treatment. In this study, we examined the effectiveness and safety of mosapride for the treatment of neurologically impaired children and adolescents with GERD.MethodsMosapride (0.3 mg/kg/day) was administered to 11 neurologically impaired patients with GERD (five male; median age, 12.3 years). Esophageal acid exposure was measured using esophageal pH monitoring before and at >5 days after the start of mosapride treatment. The pressure and length of the lower esophageal sphincter were compared before and after mosapride treatment.ResultsIn the 11 patients, median reflux index (percentage of the total monitoring period during which recorded pH was <4.0) was 17.5% (range, 4.4–59%) before and 8.2% (range, 2.8–20.7%) after mosapride treatment (P = 0.02). Median esophageal clearance was 1.0 min/reflux (range, 0.5–2.1 min/reflux) before and 0.7 min/reflux (range, 0.4–1.2 min/reflux) after treatment with mosapride (P = 0.02). The median number of reflux episodes before (219) and after (122) drug treatment did not differ significantly.ConclusionThe decreased reflux index in neurologically impaired patients with GERD is due to mosapride, therefore mosapride may be a candidate for GERD treatment.
Segregative cell division and the cytoskeleton in two species of the genus Struvea (Cladophorales, Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Okuda Kazuo , Sekida Satoko , Hasebe Ami , Iwabuchi Misa , Kamiya Mitsunobu , Hishinuma Tasuku 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThe detailed segregative cell division (SCD) processes and changes in the arrangement of cortical microtubules and actin filaments were examined in two species of Struvea. SCD was initiated by the appearance of annular constrictions along the lateral side of a mother cell. The constrictions decreased in diameter, became thin, tubular in shape, and pinched the protoplasm of the mother cell into several protoplasmic sections. The protoplasmic sections expanded and developed into daughter cells, which appressed each other, and were arranged in a single row. Lateral branches protruded from the upper parts of the daughter cells. The protoplasm of the lateral branches was divided by secondary SCDs and was distributed amongst the new daughter cells. SCD and lateral branch formation were essential for morphogenesis in Struvea. Cortical microtubules were arranged parallel and longitudinally to the cell axis before SCD. When SCD was initiated, there was considerable undulation of the cortical microtubules and several transverse bundles appeared in the cytoplasmic zone where annular constrictions occurred. A microtubule‐disrupting drug (amiprophos methyl) inhibited SCD. Actin filaments maintained reticulate patterns before and during SCD. These results demonstrated that SCD in Struvea species was quite distinct from that in Dictyosphaeria cavernosa reported previously.
GnRH and prostaglandin‐based synchronization protocols as alternatives to progestogen‐based treatments in sheep
Authors: Rekik M , Haile A , Abebe A , Muluneh D , Goshme S , Ben Salem I , Hilali M El‐Dine , Lassoued N , Chanyalew Y , Rischkowsky B 
Published: August 2016

ContentsThe study investigated, for cycling sheep, synchronizing protocols simultaneously to the standard “P” protocol using progestogens priming with intravaginal devices and gonadotropin. In November 2014, 90 adult Menz ewes were assigned to either the “P” protocol, “PGF” treatment where oestrus and ovulation were synchronized using two injections of prostaglandin 11 days apart or a “GnRH” treatment where the ewes had their oestrus and ovulation synchronized with GnRH (day 0)–prostaglandin (day 6)–GnRH (day 9) sequence. The ewes were naturally mated at the induced oestrus and the following 36 days. Plasma progesterone revealed that 92% of the ewes were ovulating before synchronization and all, except one, ovulated in response to the applied treatments. All “P” ewes exhibited oestrus during the 96‐hr period after the end of the treatments in comparison with only 79.3% and 73.3% for “PGF” and “GnRH” ewes, respectively (p < .05). Onset and duration of oestrus were affected by the hormonal treatment (p < .05); “GnRH” ewes showed oestrus earliest and had the shortest oestrous duration. Lambing rate from mating at the induced oestrus was lower for “P” than for “PGF” ewes (55.6% and 79.3%, respectively; p < .05). The same trait was also lower for “P” than for “PGF” and “GnRH” ewes (70.4%, 89.7% and 86.7%, respectively; p < .05) following the 36‐day mating period. Prostaglandin and GnRH analogue‐based protocols are promising alternatives for both controlled natural mating and fixed insemination of Menz sheep after the rainy season when most animals are spontaneously cycling.
A European multicenter study on systematic ethics work in nursing homes
Authors: Bollig Georg , Rosland Jan Henrik , Gjengedal Eva , Schmidt Gerda , May Arnd T. , Heller Andreas 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThere are many existing ethical challenges in nursing homes. Although different methods and approaches to discussing the ethical challenges have been established, systematic ethics work is not yet a standard in all nursing homes. The aim of the present study was to explore ethical challenges and approaches to implementing systematic ethics work in nursing homes.MethodsData from five institutions in Austria, Germany and Norway were collected, and a mixed‐methods two‐tiered study approach was chosen. Documentation of ethics discussions was combined with qualitative focus group interviews with staff members regarding the implementation of systematic ethics work in nursing homes.ResultsOne hundred and five ethics meetings were documented. The main topics were advance care planning, ethical challenges associated with artificial nutrition, hospitalisation and end‐of‐life decision‐making. Of the meetings, 33% focused mainly on everyday ethical challenges. In 76% of prospective case discussions, agreements about a solution were reached; however, in 29% of these no residents or relatives participated. The advantages of systematic ethics work described by the staff were enhanced openness and dialogue, overall, and a greater ethical awareness. Many voiced a need for structure and support from the administration.ConclusionsSystematic ethics work is greatly appreciated by the staff and helps to reach a consensus in the majority of case discussions. It should be implemented in all nursing homes. Attention to everyday ethical challenges is important. The participation of relatives and physicians could be improved. The participation of the residents' in ethics discussions should be encouraged to strengthen their autonomy and dignity.
Measurement of proteinuria in dogs: analytic and diagnostic differences using 2 laboratory methods
Authors: Rossi Gabriele , Bertazzolo Walter , Binnella Monica , Scarpa Paola , Paltrinieri Saverio 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundUrinary protein‐to‐creatinine (UPC) ratio is an early diagnostic and prognostic marker of renal disease in dogs. Pyrogallol red molybdate (PRM) and Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) are the most popular dye‐binding assays for measurement of proteinuria. Published guidelines recommend strict cut‐off points to substage patients with chronic renal diseases, irrespective of the assay applied. However, analytic variability and method‐dependent differences could affect substaging of patients.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to analytically validate the CBB assay to evaluate possible method‐dependent differences with PRM in urinary protein (UP) determination, and to assess the influence of such differences in substaging according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS).MethodsUrine was collected from healthy and proteinuric dogs. Intra‐assay and inter‐assay repeatability (imprecision), linearity under dilution (LUD), and spiking recovery (inaccuracy) were determined for the CBB assay. Split samples were measured with PRM and CBB, and agreement between methods and concordance in classification according to IRIS guidelines was determined.ResultsThe CBB assay was precise (< 10%) at all urine protein concentrations after excluding outliers from the intra‐assay precision assay of high urine protein concentrations. Acceptable accuracy was demonstrated with both LUD and spiking recovery test. Both UP and UPC determined by CBB were significantly higher (P < .0001) than those obtained with PRM, and both a constant and proportional bias were present. Concordance of IRIS substaging was only moderate.ConclusionsThe CBB is precise and accurate, but the higher UPC obtained with CBB vs PRM may affect interpretation of the IRIS guidelines.
Point counting on K3 surfaces and an application concerning real and complex multiplication
Authors: Elsenhans Andreas-Stephan , Jahnel Jörg 
Published: August 2016

We report on our project to find explicit examples of K3 surfaces having real or complex multiplication. Our strategy is to search through the arithmetic consequences of RM and CM. In order to do this, an efficient method is needed for point counting on surfaces defined over finite fields. For this, we describe algorithms that are$p$-adic in nature.
Algorithms for the approximate common divisor problem
Authors: Galbraith Steven D. , Gebregiyorgis Shishay W. , Murphy Sean 
Published: August 2016

The security of several homomorphic encryption schemes depends on the hardness of variants of the approximate common divisor (ACD) problem. We survey and compare a number of lattice-based algorithms for the ACD problem, with particular attention to some very recently proposed variants of the ACD problem. One of our main goals is to compare the multivariate polynomial approach with other methods. We find that the multivariate polynomial approach is not better than the orthogonal lattice algorithm for practical cryptanalysis.We also briefly discuss a sample-amplification technique for ACD samples and a pre-processing algorithm similar to the Blum–Kalai–Wasserman algorithm for learning parity with noise. The details of this work are given in the full version of the paper.
Constructing genus-3 hyperelliptic Jacobians with CM
Authors: Balakrishnan Jennifer S. , Ionica Sorina , Lauter Kristin , Vincent Christelle 
Published: August 2016

Given a sextic CM field $K$, we give an explicit method for finding all genus-$3$ hyperelliptic curves defined over $\mathbb{C}$ whose Jacobians are simple and have complex multiplication by the maximal order of this field, via an approximation of their Rosenhain invariants. Building on the work of Weng [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 16 (2001) no. 4, 339–372], we give an algorithm which works in complete generality, for any CM sextic field $K$, and computes minimal polynomials of the Rosenhain invariants for any period matrix of the Jacobian. This algorithm can be used to generate genus-3 hyperelliptic curves over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ with a given zeta function by finding roots of the Rosenhain minimal polynomials modulo $p$.
An algorithm for NTRU problems and cryptanalysis of the GGH multilinear map without a low-level encoding of zero
Authors: Cheon Jung Hee , Jeong Jinhyuck , Lee Changmin 
Published: August 2016

Let$\mathbf{f}$and$\mathbf{g}$be polynomials of a bounded Euclidean norm in the ring$\mathbb{Z}[X]/\langle X^{n}+1\rangle$. Given the polynomial$[\mathbf{f}/\mathbf{g}]_{q}\in \mathbb{Z}_{q}[X]/\langle X^{n}+1\rangle$, the NTRU problem is to find$\mathbf{a},\mathbf{b}\in \mathbb{Z}[X]/\langle X^{n}+1\rangle$with a small Euclidean norm such that$[\mathbf{a}/\mathbf{b}]_{q}=[\mathbf{f}/\mathbf{g}]_{q}$. We propose an algorithm to solve the NTRU problem, which runs in$2^{O(\log ^{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D706})}$time when$\Vert \mathbf{g}\Vert ,\Vert \mathbf{f}\Vert$, and$\Vert \mathbf{g}^{-1}\Vert$are within some range. The main technique of our algorithm is the reduction of a problem on a field to one on a subfield. The GGH scheme, the first candidate of an (approximate) multilinear map, was recently found to be insecure by the Hu–Jia attack using low-level encodings of zero, but no polynomial-time attack was known without them. In the GGH scheme without low-level encodings of zero, our algorithm can be directly applied to attack this scheme if we have some top-level encodings of zero and a known pair of plaintext and ciphertext. Using our algorithm, we can construct a level-$0$encoding of zero and utilize it to attack a security ground of this scheme in the quasi-polynomial time of its security parameter using the parameters suggested by Garg, Gentry and Halevi [‘Candidate multilinear maps from ideal lattices’,Advances in cryptology — EUROCRYPT 2013(Springer, 2013) 1–17].