bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Little Sounds
Authors: M. Bani-Khair Baker 
Published: December 2017

The Spider and the Fly You little spider,To death you aspire...Or seeking a web wider,To death all walking,No escape you all fighters…Weak and fragile in shape and might,Whatever you see in the horizon,That is destiny whatever sight.And tomorrow the spring comes,And the flowers bloom,And the grasshopper leaps high,And the frogs happily cry,And the flies smile nearby,To that end,The spider has a plot,To catch the flies by his net,A mosquito has fallen down in his net,Begging him to set her free,Out of that prison,To her freedom she aspires,Begging...Imploring...crying, That is all what she requires,But the spider vows never let her free,His power he admires,Turning blind to light,And with his teeth he shall bite,Leaving her in desperate might,Unable to move from site to site,Tied up with strings in white,Wrapped up like a dead man,Waiting for his grave at night, The mosquito says,Oh little spider,A stronger you are than me in power,But listen to my words before death hour,Today is mine and tomorrow is yours,No escape from death...Whatever the color of your flower… Little soundsThe AntThe ant is a little creature with a ferocious soul,Looking and looking for more and more,You can simply crush it like dead mold,Or you can simply leave it alone,I wonder how strong and strong they are!Working day and night in a small hole,Their motto is work or whatever you call…A big boon they have and joy in fall,Because they found what they store,A lesson to learn and memorize all in all,Work is something that you should not ignore! The butterfly:I’m the butterflyBeautiful like a blue clear sky,Or sometimes look like snow,Different in colors, shapes and might,But something to know that we always die,So fragile, weak and thin,Lighter than a glimpse and delicate as light,Something to know for sure…Whatever you have in life and all these fields,You are not happier than a butterfly The beetle:The beetle is a legend,Calm and quiet,Never harm or hurt,But live in the dark,A beetle can say something,We are peaceful creatures…Never interfere, sulking alone,We do sometimes eat together,But we are lazy and sleepy…Something we care about most,Is to see all in peace!That is all…. I shall back to sleep …… (Yawning) The Cricket:I’m the gift of the spring,Black, green, white and yellow,My music is beyond imagination,Sharp and loud my message is,Proud to feel this creation,My heart is bigger than a hill,Peaceful and loving to all,So close to joyful hearts,In deep sleep or isolation,The best thing I always do,Is to sing for my determination! The Cat:I’m the cat,No name or identity,No house or food,I’m the lovely cat,So poor but so happy,My motto is joy,Whatever ups and downs,I’m always happy,I run and jump,I speak my language,I cook my food, I eat...Canned food, mice, bread, grass,That is what I like,Whatever joy you shall have,Will it feel like chasing a mouse!!
T/B APEX 3508: Best Practices for Detection and Recovery of Sunken Oil
Authors: Sawyer Mark , Schweitzer Gregory , Davis Adam , Elliott Jim , Mauseth Gary , Scott Travis M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
On September 2, 2015, two towing vessels collided on the Lower Mississippi River at Mile 937, near Columbus, Kentucky, resulting in the complete breach of the #3 starboard cargo tank on the T/B APEX 3508 and the release of 120,588 gallons of clarified slurry oil (CSO; Group V oil; Specific Gravity: 1.14) into the navigable waterway. The incident was classified as a Major Inland Spill in accordance with the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan and a Major Marine Casualty that was jointly investigated by the United States Coast Guard and the National Transportation Safety Board. Over flights conducted as far as 20 miles downriver indicated only light, sporadic sheening for 1–2 days. On-water and shoreline assessments conducted up to six miles downriver revealed no visible signs of surface oiling. Based on its properties, the vast majority of the CSO was presumed to have sunk, but its precise disposition and location was not confirmed. Using side scan sonar (SSS) technology, two distinct subsurface anomalies with an approximate combined area of 9,200 m2 were identified on the river bed in the vicinity of the incident. The anomalies were confirmed as oil by divers and direct sampling, and were then divided into 25 m grids for identification and tracking. The Unified Command evaluated best available technologies and determined that GPS guided environmental dredging would be the safest, most effective and efficient of the recovery options. The established cleanup endpoint was a maximum of 10% sporadic oil distribution in each grid. Two endangered mussel species were identified as potentially inhabiting the affected area. A diver survey was conducted in the area and concluded that bottom habitat was not likely to support the listed species. Further consultations with the resource manager indicated that proposed recovery operations posed low risk to the species. Recovery operations commenced on September 15, 2015 and concluded on September 25, 2015. Endpoint verification was conducted via SSS.
In total, response operations lasted 23 days (eight operational periods), involved over 120 responders and 75 specialized response assets, and cost approximately $5 million. Approximately 2,524 m3 of dredged material (liquid and solids) were removed. After decanting, approximately 1,730 m3of oiled solids representing approximately 50 to 75% of the spilled product was recovered. This case serves as a benchmark for sunken oil detection and recovery operations, and identified many best practices that should be considered on future cases with similar spill conditions.
Oil Leak Detections with a Combined Telescopic Fluorescence Sensor and a Wide Band MultiBeam Sonar
Authors: Bello Job , Eriksen Peter , Pocwiardowski Pawel 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT 2017-042:A combined telescopic fluorescence instrument and a wide band multibeam sonar (WBMS) were developed as dual sensors for detecting underwater oil leaks and plumes. The fluorescence instrument is a forward-looking fluorescence polarization instrument with motorized telescopic focusing that can detect oil at a standoff distance. The instrument responds only to materials showing fluorescence polarization, and therefore is able to distinguish oil from other fluorescing species in water. The WBMS is as an acoustic sensor that provides 2D as well as 3D topology for mapping and water column imagery. The operational integration of the two sensors result in a more definitive identification and mapping of oil in the water column co-registered in time and space. The sonar records a 3-dimensional map of a leak, and then the fluorescence sensor is use to confirm that the leak that the sonar detected is oil. A sensing scheme to integrate the operation and overlap the field of view of the 2 instruments was developed as well as the software algorithm to automate the detection process. Evaluations of the integrated sensors were done in a test pool and in open water. Testing results shows that the combined sensors are very effective in detecting and identifying oil plume in the water column.
Influence of Vegetation Growth on the Enhanced Seasonality of Atmospheric CO2
Authors: Yuan Wenping , Piao Shilong , Qin Dahe , Dong Wenjie , Xia Jiangzhou , Lin Hui , Chen Min 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe amplitude of seasonal fluctuations in concentrations of atmospheric CO2 has increased over recent decades. Model‐based studies suggest that this increase could be the result of enhanced vegetation growth during the growing season and ecosystem respiration in the nongrowing season. Here we investigated seasonal changes in vegetation growth derived from satellite‐based observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2013. We found notable agreement between these observations and interannual variations of seasonality of global atmospheric CO2, suggesting that terrestrial vegetation growth is the dominant driver of the seasonality of the concentration of atmospheric CO2. Specifically, we found that the trend in seasonality of global vegetation growth was not continuous from 1982 to 2013 and that it increased substantially after 2001. In response, the trend of seasonality in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 stalled from 1982 to 2000 but increased from 2001 onward. This 2001 change in the growth seasonality trend was largely a result of decreased NDVI during spring and winter. CMIP5 models were unable to reproduce this observed seasonality. Our results showed the dominant role played by vegetation growth in determining atmospheric CO2 seasonality, highlighting the need to improve representation of vegetation growth in current terrestrial models to adequately indicate seasonal changes in the concentration of atmospheric CO2.
How Often Do Thermally Excited 630.0 nm Emissions Occur in the Polar Ionosphere?
Authors: Kwagala Norah Kaggwa , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lorentzen Dag A. , Johnsen Magnar G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years 2000–2015. The peak occurrence is found around magnetic noon, where the radar observations show cusp‐like characteristics. The ionospheric, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions favor dayside magnetic reconnection as the dominant driving process. The thermal emissions occur 10 times more frequently on the dayside than on the nightside, with an average intensity of 1–5 kR. For typical electron densities in the polar ionosphere (2 × 1011 m−3), we find the peak occurrence rate to occur for extreme electron temperatures (>3000 K), which is consistent with assumptions in literature. However, for extreme electron densities (>5 × 1011 m−3), we can now report on a completely new population of thermal emissions that may occur at much lower electron temperatures (∼2300 K). The empirical atmospheric model (NRLMSISE‐00) suggests that the latter population is associated with enhanced neutral atomic oxygen densities.
Modulation of Winter Precipitation Dynamics Over the Arabian Gulf by ENSO
Authors: Sandeep S. , Ajayamohan R. S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Arabian Gulf (Gulf) and the surrounding regions are centers of intense economic activity. The precipitating weather systems that form over the Gulf are important for this predominantly arid region. It is suggested that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the Middle East precipitation variability through an equatorward shift of the subtropical jet. Here we present compelling evidence to illustrate the role of ENSO in modulating the local dynamics and moisture transport in initiating precipitation during different ENSO phases using satellite and reanalysis data. It is found that the moisture transport from the Red and Arabian Seas toward the Gulf is stronger during El Niño years. The pattern and strength of moisture transport toward the Gulf is weakened during La Niña and neutral years, with most of the transport directed toward the northern Gulf. Using a 120 h back trajectory analysis, it is found that while the air parcels coming toward the Gulf from the Arabian and Red Seas side originate at lower tropospheric levels, the air parcels from the Mediterranean originate at middle and upper tropospheric levels during El Niño years. In contrast, upper tropospheric air parcels originating over the southern Arabian Sea plays a dominant role on Gulf precipitation during La Niña and neutral years. The seasonal mean transients of zonal winds show a robust ENSO signature over the Gulf, indicating a favorable (less favorable) condition for the penetration of midlatitude eddies over the region during El Niño (La Niña) winters.
Impacts of Assimilating Vertical Velocity, Latent Heating, or Hydrometeor Water Contents Retrieved From a Single Reflectivity Data Set
Authors: Lee Yoonjin , Kummerow Christian D. , Zupanski Milija 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAssimilation of observation data in cloudy regions has been challenging due to the unknown properties of clouds such as cloud depth or cloud drop size distributions (DSD). Attempts to assimilate data in cloudy regions generally assume a DSD, but most assimilation systems fail to maintain consistency between models and the observation data, as each has its own set of assumptions. This study tries to retain the consistency between the forecast model and the retrieved data by developing a Bayesian retrieval scheme that uses the forecast model itself for the a priori database. Through the retrieval algorithm, vertical profiles of three variables related to the development of tropical cyclones, including vertical velocity (VV), latent heating (LH), and hydrometeor water contents (HYDRO), are derived from the same reflectivity observation. Each retrieved variable is assimilated in the data assimilation system using a flow‐dependent forecast error covariance matrix. The simulations are compared to evaluate the respective impact of each variable in the assimilation system. In this study, three assimilation experiments were conducted for two hurricane cases captured by the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite: Hurricane Pali (2016) and Hurricane Jimena (2015). Analyses from these two hurricane cases suggest that assimilating LH and HYDRO have similar impacts on the assimilation system while VV has less of an impact than the other two variables. Using these analyses as an initial condition for the forecast model reveals that the assimilations of retrieved LH and HYDRO were able to improve the track forecast as well.
Vertical Thermospheric Density Profiles From EUV Solar Occultations Made by PROBA2 LYRA for Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Thiemann E. M. B. , Dominique M. , Pilinski M. D. , Eparvier F. G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new data set of summed neutral N2 and O number density profiles, spanning altitudes between 150 and 400 km, and observed during Northern Winter from 2010 to 2016 is presented. The neutral density profiles are derived from solar occultation measurements made by the 0.1–20 nm Zr channel on the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) instrument on board Project for Onboard Autonomy 2 (PROBA2). The climatology derived from the vertical profiles is consistent with that predicted by the NRLMSISE‐00 model, and the systematic error and random uncertainty of the measurements are less than 13% and 6%, respectively. The density profiles are used to characterize the response of thermospheric density to solar EUV irradiance variability. Peak correlation coefficients between neutral density and EUV irradiance occur near 300 km at the dusk terminator and 220 km at the dawn terminator. Density variability is higher at dawn than it is at dusk, and temperature variability increases with increasing altitude at both terminators.
Highly Efficient Rapid Annealing of Thin Polar Polymer Film Ferroelectric Devices at Sub‐Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: Georgiou Vasileia , Veksler Dmitry , Ryan Jason T. , Campbell Jason P. , Shrestha Pragya R. , Ioannou Dimitris E. , Cheung Kin P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn unexpected rapid anneal of electrically active defects in an ultrathin (15.5 nm) polar polyimide film at and below glass transition temperature (Tg) is reported. The polar polymer is the gate dielectric of a thin‐film‐transistor. Gate leakage current density (Jg) through the polymer initially increases with temperature, as expected, but decreases rapidly at Tg − 60 °C. After ≈2 min at Tg, the leakage is reduced by nearly three orders of magnitude. A concomitant observation is that the drain current (Id)–gate voltage (Vg) hysteresis decreases with temperature, reaching zero at nearly the same temperature at which Jg collapses. As Jg drops further, the drain current hysteresis increases again but in the opposite direction. This combination strongly supports the interpretation of rapid defect annealing.
Rare Earth Ion‐Doped CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Hu Qingsong , Li Zha , Tan Zhifang , Song Huaibing , Ge Cong , Niu Guangda , Han Jiantao , Tang Jiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRare earth ions Eu3+ and Tb3+ are doped into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) for the first time, utilizing a one‐pot ultrasonication method. As‐synthesized NCs exhibit dual emissions from NCs and rare earth ions, further strengthening the competitiveness of perovskite NCs for lighting application.
Efficient Synthesis of Amines by Iron‐Catalyzed C=N Transfer Hydrogenation and C=O Reductive Amination
Authors: Facchini Sofia Vailati , Cettolin Mattia , Bai Xishan , Casamassima Giuseppe , Pignataro Luca , Gennari Cesare , Piarulli Umberto 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHere we report the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of non‐activated imines promoted by a Fe‐catalyst in the absence of Lewis acid co‐catalysts. Use of the (cyclopentadienone)iron complex 1, which is much more active than the classical ‘Knölker complex’ 2, allowed to reduce a number of N‐aryl and N‐alkyl imines in very good yields using iPrOH as hydrogen source. The reaction proceeds with relatively low catalyst loading (0.5–2 mol%) and, remarkably, its scope includes also ketimines, whose reduction with a Fe‐complex as the only catalyst has little precedents. Based on this methodology, we developed a one‐pot CTH protocol for the reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones, which provides access to secondary amines in high yield without the need to isolate imine intermediates.magnified image
Development of Nanostructured Water Treatment Membranes Based on Thermotropic Liquid Crystals: Molecular Design of Sub‐Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Sakamoto Takeshi , Ogawa Takafumi , Nada Hiroki , Nakatsuji Koji , Mitani Masato , Soberats Bartolome , Kawata Ken , Yoshio Masafumi , Tomioka Hiroki , Sasaki Takao , Kimura Masahiro , Henmi Masahiro , Kato Takashi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSupply of safe fresh water is currently one of the most important global issues. Membranes technologies are essential to treat water efficiently with low costs and energy consumption. Here, the development of self‐organized nanostructured water treatment membranes based on ionic liquid crystals composed of ammonium, imidazolium, and pyridinium moieties is reported. Membranes with preserved 1D or 3D self‐organized sub‐nanopores are obtained by photopolymerization of ionic columnar or bicontinuous cubic liquid crystals. These membranes show salt rejection ability, ion selectivity, and excellent water permeability. The relationships between the structures and the transport properties of water molecules and ionic solutes in the sub‐nanopores in the membranes are examined by molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest that the volume of vacant space in the nanochannel greatly affects the water and ion permeability.
Intrinsically High Thermoelectric Performance in AgInSe2 n‐Type Diamond‐Like Compounds
Authors: Qiu Pengfei , Qin Yuting , Zhang Qihao , Li Ruoxi , Yang Jiong , Song Qingfeng , Tang Yunshan , Bai Shengqiang , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiamond‐like compounds are a promising class of thermoelectric materials, very suitable for real applications. However, almost all high‐performance diamond‐like thermoelectric materials are p‐type semiconductors. The lack of high‐performance n‐type diamond‐like thermoelectric materials greatly restricts the fabrication of diamond‐like material‐based modules and their real applications. In this work, it is revealed that n‐type AgInSe2 diamond‐like compound has intrinsically high thermoelectric performance with a figure of merit (zT) of 1.1 at 900 K, comparable to the best p‐type diamond‐like thermoelectric materials reported before. Such high zT is mainly due to the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, which is fundamentally limited by the low‐frequency Ag‐Se “cluster vibrations,” as confirmed by ab initio lattice dynamic calculations. Doping Cd at Ag sites significantly improves the thermoelectric performance in the low and medium temperature ranges. By using such high‐performance n‐type AgInSe2‐based compounds, the diamond‐like thermoelectric module has been fabricated for the first time. An output power of 0.06 W under a temperature difference of 520 K between the two ends of the module is obtained. This work opens a new window for the applications using the diamond‐like thermoelectric materials.
A Low‐Temperature Thin‐Film Encapsulation for Enhanced Stability of a Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Lee Young Il , Jeon Nam Joong , Kim Bong Jun , Shim Hyunjeong , Yang Tae‐Youl , Seok Sang Il , Seo Jangwon , Im Sung Gap 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe stability of a perovskite solar cell (PSC) is enhanced significantly by applying a customized thin‐film encapsulation (TFE). The TFE is composed of a multilayer stack of organic/inorganic layers deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition, respectively, whose water vapor transmission rate is on the order of 10−4 g m−2 d−1 at an accelerated condition of 38 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH). The TFE is optimized, taking into consideration various aspects of thermosensitive PSCs. Lowering the process temperature is one of the most effective methods for minimizing the thermal damage to the PSC during the monolithic integration of the TFE onto PSC. The direct deposition of TFE onto a PSC causes less than 0.3% degradation (from 18.5% to 18.2%) in the power conversion efficiency, while the long‐term stability is substantially improved; the PSC retains 97% of its original efficiency after a 300 h exposure to an accelerated condition of 50 °C and 50% RH, confirming the enhanced stability of the PSC against moisture. This is the first demonstration of a TFE applied directly onto PSCs in a damage‐free manner, which will be a powerful tool for the development of highly stable PSCs with high efficiency.
In Situ EXAFS‐Derived Mechanism of Highly Reversible Tin Phosphide/Graphite Composite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Yujia , Li Zhe‐Fei , Timofeeva Elena V. , Segre Carlo U. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel Sn4P3/graphite composite anode material with superior capacity and cycling performance (651 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles) is investigated by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure modeling and detailed analysis of local environment changes are correlated to the cell capacity and reveal the mechanism of lithiation/delithiation process. Results show that in the first two lithiation/delithiation cycles crystalline Sn4P3 is fully converted to an amorphous SnPx phase, which in further cycles participates in reversible conversion and alloying reactions. The superior reversibility of this material is attributed to the highly dispersed SnPx in the graphite matrix, which provides enhanced electrical conductivity and prevents aggregation of Sn clusters during the lithiation/delithiation process. The gradual capacity fading in long‐term cycling is attributed to the observed increase in the size and the amount of metallic Sn clusters in the delithiated state, correlated to the reduced recovery of the SnPx phase. This paper reveals the mechanism responsible for the highly reversible tin phosphides and provides insights for improving the capacity and cycle life of conversion and alloying materials.