bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observable Surface Anomalies Preceding Simulated Isolated Convective Initiation
Authors: Madaus Luke E. , Hakim Gregory J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Idealized ensemble simulations of isolated convective initiation (CI) are analyzed to identify storm-scale features in surface weather fields that precede initiation in a variety of background environments and the observations that would be needed to resolve these features. Precipitating storms are identified with an object-based method and composites of surface anomalies are generated for the variables of interest surrounding times and locations of initiation. Correlation length scales and anomaly magnitudes throughout the CI process are examined in detail with the latter comparing favorably to anomaly estimates obtained from previous observational and modeling studies. Negative temperature anomalies due to cloud shadowing are found to be the most prominent storm-scale feature prior to initiation. Significant spatial correlations are shown to extend from the surface throughout the boundary layer and even into the cloud-bearing layer once deep convective clouds become established. The findings are discussed in the context of data assimilation, particularly with respect to current assumptions about surface observation error. It is shown that, to resolve the storm-scale anomalies in these simulations, the minimum necessary temperature and wind observation densities would likely be limited by spatial correlation length scale while moisture and pressure observations are more limited by observation error.
Connecting the Dots: A Communications Model of the North Texas Integrated Warning Team during the 15 May 2013 Tornado Outbreak
Authors: Cavanaugh Dennis , Huffman Melissa , Dunn Jennifer , Fox Mark 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
On 15 May 2013, 19 tornadoes occurred across north and central Texas, killing 6, injuring over 50, and causing more than $100 million in property damage. The majority of the impacts to life and property were the direct result of category-3 and category-4 enhanced Fujita scale (EF-3 and EF-4) tornadoes that affected the communities of Cleburne and Granbury, Texas. This study focuses on an examination of the north Texas integrated warning team (IWT) communications through a thorough analysis of interactions between IWT members during this event. Communications from all members of the IWT were collected and organized so that a quantitative analysis of the IWT communications network could be performed. The results of this analysis were used to identify strengths and weaknesses of current IWT communications to improve the consistency of hazardous weather messaging for future high-impact weather events. The results also show how effectively communicating within an IWT leads not only to more consistent messaging but also to broader dissemination of hazardous weather information to the public. The analysis techniques outlined in this study could serve as a model for comprehensive studies of IWTs across the country.
Design and test bed experiments of server operation system using virtualization technology
Authors: Huh Jun-Ho , Seo Kyungryong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccording to current researches, much of the electric power is being consumed by the server cooling system at the Data Center. Moreover, the power consumption rate increases when the number of the equipments and servers expands. Thus, the proposed server operation system has been designed to decrease power consumption rate and CO2 emission volume by minimizing the number of these equipments and simplifying the physical composition of the system. Virtualization technology was adopted in both designing and implementation phases to improve resource efficiency of the system. As a result, significant amount has been saved while constructing the server operation system in this paper. System’s performance has been evaluated using a virtual machine prior to its practical use through test bed experiments and the results confirms our expectation that the virtual hardwares will work as efficiently as actual ones.
Parents’ years in Sweden and children’s educational performance
Authors: Smith Christopher D. , Helgertz Jonas , Scott Kirk 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper assesses the intergenerational effect of immigrant parents’ incorporation experiences, measured as time in Sweden, on the educational performance of their children, using full Swedish population registry data for 22 cohorts. Employing family fixed-effects, we examine final course grades and national standardized test scores in Swedish and math by parents’ country of origin. Results show a positive effect of parents’ time in Sweden on their children’s performance in Swedish, but not for math performance. These results demonstrate the importance of parents’ linguistic acculturation on their children’s educational performance.Jel codes:I21, J15, J62
Research trends in biomimetic medical materials for tissue engineering: commentary
Authors: Park Ki Dong , Wang Xiumei , Lee Jae Young , Park Kyung Min , Zhang ShengMin , Noh Insup 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We introduce our active experts’ communications and reviews (Part II) of 2015 Korea-China Joint Symposium on Biomimetic Medical Materials in Republic of Korea, which reflect their perspectives on current research trends of biomimetic medical materials for tissue regeneration in both Korea and China. The communications covered three topics of biomimetics, i.e., 1) hydrogel for therapeutics and extracellular matrix environments, 2) design of electrical polymers for communications between electrical sources and biological systems and 3) design of biomaterials for nerve tissue engineering. The reviews in the Part II will cover biomimetics of 3D bioprinting materials, surface modifications, nano/micro-technology as well as clinical aspects of biomaterials for cartilage.
Ticking the boxes: a survey of workplace-based assessments
Authors: Gilberthorpe Thomas , Sarfo Maame Duku , Lawrence-Smith Geoff 
Published: April 2016

Aims and methodTo survey the quality of workplace-based assessments (WPBAs) through retrospective analysis of completed WPBA forms against training targets derived from the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Portfolio Online.ResultsAlmost a third of assessments analysed showed no divergence in assessment scores across the varied assessment domains and there was poor correlation between domain scores and the nature of comments provided by assessors. Of the assessments that suggested action points only half were considered to be sufficiently ‘specific’ and ‘achievable’ to be useful for trainees' learning.Clinical implicationsWPBA is not currently being utilised to its full potential as a formative assessment tool and more widespread audit is needed to establish whether this is a local or a national issue.
Dynamic Risk Stratification in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated Without Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Momesso Denise P. , Vaisman Fernanda , Yang Samantha P. , Bulzico Daniel A. , Corbo Rossana , Vaisman Mario , Tuttle R. Michael 
Published: March 2016

Context:Although response to therapy assessment is a validated tool for dynamic risk stratification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated with total thyroidectomy (TT) and radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), it has not been well studied in patients treated with lobectomy or TT without RAI. Because these responses to therapy definitions are heavily dependent on serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, modifications of the original definitions were needed to appropriately classify patients treated without RAI.Objective:This study aimed to validate the response to therapy assessment in patients with DTC treated with lobectomy or TT without RAI.Design and Setting:This was a retrospective study, which took place at a referral center.Patients:A total of 507 adults with DTC were treated with lobectomy (n = 187) or TT (n = 320) without RAI. They had a median age of 43.7 y, 88% were female, 85.4% had low risk, and 14.6% intermediate risk.Main Outcome Measure:Main outcome measured was recurrent/persistent structural evidence of disease (SED) during a median followup period of 100.5 months (24–510).Results:Recurrent/persistent SED was observed in 0% of the patients with excellent response to therapy (nonstimulated Tg for TT &lt; 0.2 ng/mL and for lobectomy &lt; 30 ng/mL, undetectable Tg antibodies [TgAb] and negative imaging; n = 326); 1.3% with indeterminate response (nonstimulated Tg for TT 0.2–5 ng/mL, stable or declining TgAb and/or nonspecific imaging findings; n = 2/152); 31.6% of the patients with biochemical incomplete response (nonstimulated Tg for TT &gt; 5 ng/mL and for lobectomy &gt; 30 ng/mL and/or increasing Tg with similar TSH levels and/or increasing TgAb and negative imaging; n = 6/19) and all (100%) patients with structural incomplete response (n = 10/10) (P &lt; .0001). Initial American Thyroid Association risk estimates were significantly modified based on response to therapy assessment.Conclusions:Our data validate the newly proposed response to therapy assessment in patients with DTC treated with lobectomy or TT without RAI as an effective tool to modify initial risk estimates of recurrent/persistent SED and better tailor followup and future therapeutic approaches. This study provides further evidence to support a selective use of RAI in DTC.
BeyondThe End of the Trail: Indians at San Francisco’s 1915 World’s Fair
Authors: Markwyn Abigail 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines the participation and representation of Indians at San Francisco’s 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE), arguing that the PPIE represents a change in cultural depictions of Indians from the vanishing Indian of the turn of the century to the qualified appreciation of Indian culture that would emerge in the 1920s and 1930s. The popularity of James Earle Fraser’s statue The End of the Trail and other attractions mourning the loss of Indian culture may be understood as a shift toward an understanding of Indians as doomed noble “first Americans,” not savage vanishing Indians. Other exhibits on the grounds and media coverage reveal examples of living Indians and interest in Indian culture, undermining the idea of a vanishing race at its very core.
Squamous cell carcinoma in Hand – Case report<br>Carcinoma de células escamosas na mão - Estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Joaquim José de Lima , Lima Antonia Artemisa Aurélio Soares , Melo Juliana Oliveira , Valdívia Paulo , Machado July 
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin malignancy that originates in the squamous layer of the epidermis. A lower incidence than basal cell carcinomas is reported. There is a predominance of areas heavily exposed to sunlight Objectives: To report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in left hand compromising the hypothenar region. To carry out a literature review and emphasize the main methods of diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Information obtained from medical records, photographic record of pre and post-operative. Result: Histopathological diagnosis was made, confirming squamous cell carcinoma due to the evolution of metastatic basal cell carcinoma, with the removal of bones: 5th metacarpal and scaphoid. After relapse, requiring amputation of the left hand. Conclusion: To report a rare case of bone metastasis derived from a skin cancer.
O uso da internet como ferramenta de apoio ao esclarecimento de dúvidas durante a gestação<br>The use of the Internet as a support tool to clarify questions during pregnancy
Authors: Calderon Taiara Maestro , Cestari Maria Elisa Wotzasek , Dobkowski Alyni Cristiny , Cavalheiro Mariana Digieri 
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Pregnancy is a period of doubts and anxiety for most pregnant women. Objective: To evaluate the use of the Internet as a support tool to clarify doubts raised by women during pregnancy. Methods: An exploratory and descriptive study. Sample based on accidentalness, for 241 users who responded to the on-line form, built with Google Docs and made available in one Blog. Results: 98% of pregnant women were between 19 and 39 years, 97% with schooling above 9 years, 99% had follow up with healthcare providers. Regarding the use of the Internet, 99% said they usually search for the pregnancy questions. The doubts consisted mostly in the search for information about the development of the baby, then how to deal with the discomforts of pregnancy, the changes in the woman’s body and feeding care. The choice of the sites, according to the interviewees, occurred mainly through the indication of social networks, friends and acquaintances. Regarding to the resolution of doubts, 97% reported that after the Internet search doubts were resolved. Conclusion: The Internet has been a tool of support for pregnant women who seek effective support on the World Wide Web to clarify their doubts. The significant standard for clarification and education reflected a customer that will search and possibly question the procedures and practices that are performed during prenatal care. However, the search for sites has been based on independent research guidance by health professionals, something which does not ensure the credibility of the sites surveyed by users.
Economical and Technological Foresight and Firms Development Strategy
Authors: Свирчевский  , Svirchevskiy Vadim , Юсим  , Yusim Vyacheslav , Бобков  , Bobkov Aleksandr 
Published: March 2016

In the article a new approach to the development of strategy of commercial
organization development is offered. Authors enter the new concept “economical
and technological foresight” which is understood as an expert assessment
of the strategic directions of social and economic and innovative development,
of identification of the technological breaks capable to make impact on
economy and society in the medium-term and long term on the basis of the
theory of economical and technological development of firm. It is shown how
on the basis of the regularities revealed within the theory of economical and
technological development of firm it is possible to prove tendencies and laws
of development of last, modern and future production systems. It is shown
how to use the law of alternation of economical and technological structure
of firm and the law of growth of economically justified volumes of release in
the development of production systems.
Analysis of non-methane hydrocarbon data from a monitoring station affected by oil and gas development in the Eagle Ford shale, Texas
Authors: Schade Gunnar W. , Roest Geoffrey 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Within the last decade, unconventional oil and gas exploration in the US has become a new source of atmospheric hydrocarbons. Although a geographically dispersed source, field measurements in and downwind of a number of shale basins demonstrate the impact exploration activities have on ambient levels of hydrocarbons. Due to concerns related to ozone production, regulatory agencies are adding monitoring stations to better understand the potential influence of emissions from areas with increased oil and gas related activities. The Eagle Ford shale in south Texas is a rapidly developing shale play producing both oil and natural gas, providing 10% and 5% of US domestic oil and gas production, respectively, in 2013. We analyzed the first year of measurements from a newly established monitoring site at its central north edge. The data reveal median ethane mixing ratios—used as a marker for oil and gas exploration related emissions—at five times its typical clean air background. Ethane mixing ratios above ten times the background occurred regularly. Saturated hydrocarbons with likely origin in oil and gas exploration explain half of the data set’s variability. They dominate OH radical reactivity at levels both similar to other shale areas and similar to Houston’s ship channel area a decade ago. Air advecting slowly across the shale area from east-southeast and southwest directions shows the most elevated hydrocarbon concentrations, and evidence is presented linking elevated alkene abundances to flaring in the shale area. A case study is presented linking high emissions from an upwind facility to hydrocarbon plumes observed at the monitor.
Osteosarcoma of the pelvis
Authors: Parry M. C. , Laitinen M. , Albergo J. , Jeys L. , Carter S. , Gaston C. L. , Sumathi V. , Grimer R. J. 
Published: April 2016

Aims Osteosarcoma of the pelvis is a particularly difficult tumour to treat as it often presents late, may be of considerable size and/or associated with metastases when it presents, and is frequently chondroid in origin and resistant to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to review our experience of managing this group of patients and to identify features predictive of a poor outcome. Patients and Methods Between 1983 and 2014, 121 patients, (74 females and 47 males) were treated at a single hospital: 74 (61.2%) patients had a primary osteosarcoma and 47 (38.8%) had an osteosarcoma which was secondary either to Paget’s disease (22; 18.2%) or to previous pelvic irradiation (25; 20.7%). The mean age of those with a primary osteosarcoma was 29.3 years (nine to 76) and their mean follow-up 2.9 years (0 to 29). The mean age of those with a secondary sarcoma was 61.9 years (15 to 85) and their mean follow-up was one year (0 to 14). A total of 22 patients with a primary sarcoma (52.4%) and 20 of those with a secondary sarcoma (47.6%) had metastases at the time of presentation. Results The disease-specific survival at five years for all patients was 27.2%. For those without metastases at the time of diagnosis, the five-year survival was 32.7%. Factors associated with a poor outcome were metastases at diagnosis and secondary tumours. In primary osteosarcoma, sacral location, surgical margin and a diameter > 10 cm were associated with a poor outcome. Conclusion In this, the largest single series of patients with an osteosarcoma of the pelvis treated in a single hospital, those with secondary tumours and those with metastases at presentation had a particularly poor outcome. For those with a primary sarcoma, sacral location, an intralesional margin and a diameter of > 10 cm were poor prognostic indicators. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:555–63.
Primary-to-secondary care referral experience of suspected colorectal malignancy in young adults
Authors: Patel K , Doulias T , Hoad T , Lee C , Alberts JC 
Published: March 2016

Introduction Colorectal cancer in patients younger than 50 years of age is increasing steadily in the UK with limited guidelines available indicating need for secondary care referral. The aims of this study were to report the cancer incidence in those aged under 50 years referred to secondary care with suspected colorectal malignancy and also to analyse the quality of those referrals. Methods A total of 197 primary care referrals made between 2008 and 2014 to a UK district general hospital for suspected colorectal malignancy were analysed. All confirmed cancers were further evaluated regarding presenting symptoms, tumour characteristics and clinical outcomes. Each referral was given a referral performance score (out of 9) dependant on relevant information documented. Results The overall malignancy rate was 9.1% (11 male and 7 female patients). The median age in this cohort was 41.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 37–49 years). Abdominal pain was the only presenting symptom to differ significantly when comparing malignant with non-malignant patients (44.4% vs 21.8% respectively, p=0.042). The median time period between referral date and colorectal specialist consultation was 11 days (IQR: 7–13 days) and the median referral performance score was 5 (range: 3–9). Conclusions Malignancy is prevalent in patients under 50 years of age who are referred to secondary care for suspected colorectal cancer. Those referred with abdominal pain in the presence of other high risk lower gastrointestinal symptoms are at significant risk of having a malignancy. Major deficiencies are apparent in urgent primary care referrals, highlighting the need for further national guidance to aid early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the young.
Three-component synthesis of new o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines promoted by FeCl3
Authors: Fan Ling , Yao Chaochao , Shu Miaomiao 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
An efficient three-component synthesis of o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines from substituted salicylic aldehydes, β-keto esters and 5-aminopyrazoles in the presence of FeCl3 is presented. Newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, HRMS and elemental analysis.
The synthesis of hydrophobic 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazoles
Authors: Mądrzak-Litwa Iwona , Turguła Anna , Rusińska-Roszak Danuta , Borowiak-Resterna Aleksandra 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
New synthesis of 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′- bibenzo[d]imidazoles 3 by alkylation of a disodium derivative of 1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole 2a with alkyl halides is proposed. It is noteworthy that 1,1′-dialkylated byproducts 4 are formed in yields of <5%. The structure of all obtained compounds has been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS or elemental analysis.
Synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-allylamino-2-benzoylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles via Dimroth rearrangement
Authors: Fizer Maksym , Slivka Mikhailo , Baumer Vjacheslav , Lendel Vasil 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A facile access to 3-alkyl-5-N-allylamino-2-N′-benzoylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles via Dimroth rearrangement is reported. Alkylation of 5-allylamino-4-benzoyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with alkyl halides in basic alcohol solution is regioselective. A mechanism for the formation of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring by 1,2,4-triazole recyclization is proposed. The obtained compounds were characterized by NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Stereoselective Michael addition of O-nucleophiles to carbohydrate-based nitro-olefin
Authors: Ivanovs Ilgvalds , Bērziņa Santa , Lugiņina Jevgeņija , Belyakov Sergey , Rjabovs Vitālijs 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Michael addition reactions of O-nucleophiles to C(3) exocyclic nitromethylene derivative of diacetone glucose are reported. The reactions with primary alcohols proceed at ambient temperature in the presence of different bases with good yields and give products with excellent diastereoselectivity. The addition of the nucleophile occurs from the β-face of the carbohydrate as shown by single crystal X-ray analysis. The reactions with secondary alcohols give low yields of products while phenolic compounds do not react. Under certain conditions, isomerization of starting material is observed.
Monitoring electrical properties of thermally modified wood as a possible tool for quality assessment
Authors: Wang Wang , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jinzhen , Kamdem Pascal D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe electrical properties of thermally modified wood (TMW) of southern pine (Pinusspp.) have been investigated, while the samples were modified at 150°C, 175°C, 200°C, and 225°C for 4 h. After conditioning the samples at five relative humidities, the constants for electrical resistance (kR) and dielectricity (kP) were measured and calculated according to the model “electrical properties vs. moisture content”. The correlations betweenkRandkPand mass loss (ML),CIEL*a*b* color and bending properties in terms of modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were established. The coefficients of determination (R2) between these parameters were found to be between 0.926 and 0.999. TM influenced bothkRandkPvia changing the concentration and mobility of ions inside the wood and decreasing amount of polar groups of wood polymers. The conclusion is that the severity of TM such as the mechanical properties of TMW is in a close relation to the electrical properties.