bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmanned aerial vehicles for surveying marine fauna: assessing detection probability
Authors: Hodgson Amanda , Peel David , Kelly Natalie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAerial surveys are conducted for various fauna to assess abundance, distribution, and habitat use over large spatial scales. They are traditionally conducted using light aircraft with observers recording sightings in real time. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer an alternative with many potential advantages, including eliminating human risk. To be effective, this emerging platform needs to provide detection rates of animals comparable to traditional methods.UAVs can also acquire new types of information, and this new data requires a reevaluation of traditional analyses used in aerial surveys; including estimating the probability of detecting animals. We conducted 17 replicateUAVsurveys of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) while simultaneously obtaining a ‘census’ of the population from land‐based observations, to assessUAVdetection probability. TheScanEagleUAV, carrying a digitalSLRcamera, continuously captured images (with 75% overlap) along transects covering the visual range of land‐based observers. We also usedScanEagleto conduct focal follows of whale pods (n = 12, mean duration = 40 min), to assess a new method of estimating availability. A comparison of the whale detections from theUAVto the land‐based census provided an estimatedUAVdetection probability of 0.33 (CV = 0.25; incorporating both availability and perception biases), which was not affected by environmental covariates (Beaufort sea state, glare, and cloud cover). According to our focal follows, the mean availability was 0.63 (CV = 0.37), with pods including mother/calf pairs having a higher availability (0.86,CV = 0.20) than those without (0.59,CV = 0.38). The follows also revealed (and provided a potential correction for) a downward bias in group size estimates from theUAVsurveys, which resulted from asynchronous diving within whale pods, and a relatively short observation window of 9 s. We have shown thatUAVs are an effective alternative to traditional methods, providing a detection probability that is within the range of previous studies for our target species. We also describe a method of assessing availability bias that represents spatial and temporal characteristics of a survey, from the same perspective as the survey platform, is benign, and provides additional data on animal behavior.
Climatic niche divergence and habitat suitability of eight alien invasive weeds in China under climate change
Authors: Wan Ji‐Zhong , Wang Chun‐Jing , Tan Jing‐Fang , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTesting climatic niche divergence and modeling habitat suitability under conditions of climate change are important for developing strategies to limit the introduction and expansion of alien invasive weeds (AIWs) and providing important ecological and evolutionary insights. We assessed climatic niches in both native and invasive ranges as well as habitat suitability under climate change for eight representative Chinese AIWs from the American continent. We used climatic variables associated with occurrence records and developed ecological niche models with Maxent. Interestingly, the climatic niches of all eight AIWs diverged significantly between the native and invasive ranges (the American continent and China). Furthermore, the AIWs showed larger climatic niche breadths in the invasive ranges than in the native ranges. Our results suggest that climatic niche shifts between native and invasive ranges occurred. Thus, the occurrence records of both native and invasive regions must be considered when modeling and predicting the spatial distributions of AIWs under current and future climate scenarios. Owing to high habitat suitability, AIWs were more likely to expand into regions of low latitude, and future climate change was predicted to result in a shift in the AIWs in Qinghai and Tibet (regions of higher altitude) as well as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu (regions of higher latitude). Our results suggest that we need measures to prevent and control AIW expansion at the country‐wide level.
The cost‐effectiveness of real‐time pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in heart failure patients: a European perspective
Authors: Cowie Martin R. , Simon Marcus , Klein Liviu , Thokala Praveen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) treatment guided by physicians with access to real‐time pressure measurement from a wireless implantable pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) sensor (CardioMEMS), has previously been shown to reduce HF‐related hospital admissions in theCHAMPIONtrial. However, uncertainty remains regarding the value ofCardioMEMSin European health systems where healthcare costs are significantly lower than in theUSA.Methods and resultsA Markov model was developed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness ofPAP‐guided treatment ofHFusing theCardioMEMS™HFsystem compared with usual care. Cost‐effectiveness was measured as the incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained. In the base case analysis over a time horizon of 10 years,PAP‐guidedHFtherapy increased cost compared with usual care by £10 916 (€14 030).QALYsper patient for usual care andPAP‐guided patients were 2.57 and 3.14, respectively, reflecting an increase of 0.57QALYswithPAP‐guided treatment. The resultant incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) is £19 274 (€24 772) perQALYgained. The base case analysis did not include staff time, due to a lack of data concerning this variable. Running the model with estimated staff time included resulted in an increasedICERof between £22 342 and £25 464 perQALYgained (€28 709–32 721).ConclusionThe analysis indicates that integrating wirelessPAPmonitoring into the management ofUK HFpatients is likely to be a cost‐effective addition to theHFtreatment pathway for appropriate patients.
Impact of QRS complex duration and morphology on left ventricular reverse remodelling and left ventricular function improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: van der Bijl Pieter , Khidir Mand , Leung Melissa , Mertens Bart , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the impact of the interaction of QRS duration and morphology on left ventricular (LV) reverse remodelling and LV functional improvement in heart failure (HF) patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and resultsFrom an ongoing registry of HF patients treated with CRT according to contemporary guidelines, demographic, clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic characteristics were analysed. Patients were divided according to QRS duration and morphology: <150 ms vs. ≥150 ms and left bundle branch block (LBBB) vs. non‐LBBB, respectively. Echocardiographic measurements were performed at baseline and at 6 months' follow‐up. The effect of the interaction between QRS duration and morphology on LV reverse remodelling and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was analysed using linear, mixed models. Of 1467 patients (mean age 65 ± 10 years, 77% male), 884 (60%) had a QRS ≥150 ms and 814 (55%) showed LBBB. The group with QRS ≥150 ms demonstrated larger LV reverse remodelling (mean reduction in LV end‐systolic volume 34.3 mL vs. 14.8 mL; P < 0.001) and improvement in LVEF (mean increase 6.8% vs. 5.2%; P < 0.001) compared with their counterparts. Similarly, patients with LBBB QRS morphology showed greater LV reverse remodelling (mean reduction in LV end‐systolic volume 30.8 mL vs. 17.4 mL; P < 0.001) and improvement in LVEF (mean increase 6.9% vs. 3.7%; P < 0.001) than those with non‐LBBB QRS morphology.ConclusionsLeft ventricular reverse remodelling and LV functional improvement are greater among HF patients with LBBB morphology and increasing QRS duration who receive CRT.
Food and fuel from Canadian oilseed grains: Biorefinery production may optimize both resources
Authors: Shim Youn Young , Falk Kevin , Ratanapariyanuch Kornsulee , Reaney Martin J. T. 
Published: February 2017

Food and fuel markets are seen as competing for common land and biomass resources. However, in a well‐designed biorefinery, the production of food and fuel might be synergistic. Canadian oilseed crops could be processed in Canada to increase opportunities for rural development and improved environmental stewardship. Biorefinery processing of grain crops will yield fractions with little or no utility as food. The objective of this study was to simultaneously optimize the yield of high quality food, animal feed, and energy co‐products. Oilseed crops grown in western Canada are typically processed into two fractions: oil and meal. The quality of oilseed meal, as a nutritional ingredient, is greatly affected by extraction processes. It is proposed that processes are developed to separate anti‐nutrients and compounds that have nutritional value to achieve a maximum yield of total nutrients.Practical applications: Organic materials that have little nutritional value might then be processed for utilization as biomass for energy or chemicals. We have devised processes for fractionation of various Cruciferous crops that simultaneously produce food, feed, industrial chemicals, and raw materials for energy production. In this report, we describe the performance of several crops that potentially produce high quality protein for food as well as oil, carbohydrate, and glucosinolates that could be used for industrial purposes.It is proposed that processes are developed to separate anti‐nutrients and compounds that have nutritional value to achieve an optimum utilization. The composition of the input material before processing is determined by both plant genotype and environment. Principal component analysis shows trends in composition that reflect the impact of genotype and environment. Protein was highest (greatest CP1) in seeds grown in Canora and lowest in Truro while protein was highest in Sinapis alba and lowest in Brassica rapa. Oil was highest in seed grown in Saskatoon and for Brassica juncea (greatest CP2).
Network‐level assessment of reward‐related activation in patients with ADHD and healthy individuals
Authors: von Rhein Daniel , Beckmann Christian F. , Franke Barbara , Oosterlaan Jaap , Heslenfeld Dirk J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Hartman Catharina A. , Luman Marjolein , Faraone Stephen V. , Cools Roshan , Buitelaar Jan K. , Mennes Maarten 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionReward processing is a key aspect of cognitive control processes, putatively instantiated by mesolimbic and mesocortical brain circuits. Deficient signaling within these circuits has been associated with psychopathology. We applied a network discovery approach to assess specific functional networks associated with reward processing in participants with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsTo describe task‐related processes in terms of integrated functional networks, we applied independent component analysis (ICA) to task response maps of 60 healthy participants who performed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. The resulting components were interpreted on the basis of their similarity with group‐level task responses as well as their similarity with brain networks derived from resting state fMRI analyses. ADHD‐related effects on network characteristics including functional connectivity and communication between networks were examined in an independent sample comprising 150 participants with ADHD and 48 healthy controls.ResultsWe identified 23 components to be associated with 4 large‐scale functional networks: the default‐mode, visual, executive control, and salience networks. The salience network showed a specific association with reward processing as well as the highest degree of within‐network integration. ADHD was associated with decreased functional connectivity between the salience and executive control networks as well as with peripheral brain regions.ConclusionsReward processing as measured with the MID task involves one reward‐specific and three general functional networks. Participants with ADHD exhibited alterations in connectivity of both the salience and executive control networks and associated brain regions during task performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2359–2369, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential microstructural and morphological abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from cortical and deep gray matter
Authors: Gong Nan‐Jie , Chan Chun‐Chung , Leung Lam‐Ming , Wong Chun‐Sing , Dibb Russell , Liu Chunlei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne aim of this study is to use non‐Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for capturing microstructural abnormalities in gray matter of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The other aim is to compare DKI metrics against thickness of cortical gray matter and volume of deep gray matter, respectively. A cohort of 18 patients with AD, 18 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 18 normal controls underwent morphological and DKI MR imaging. Images were investigated using regions‐of‐interest‐based analyses for deep gray matter and vertex‐wise analyses for cortical gray matter. In deep gray matter, more regions showed DKI parametric abnormalities than atrophies at the early MCI stage. Mean kurtosis (MK) exhibited the largest number of significant abnormalities among all DKI metrics. At the later AD stage, diffusional abnormalities were observed in fewer regions than atrophies. In cortical gray matter, abnormalities in thickness were mainly in the medial and lateral temporal lobes, which fit the locations of known early pathological changes. Microstructural abnormalities were predominantly in the parietal and even frontal lobes, which fit the locations of known late pathological changes. In conclusion, MK can complement conventional diffusion metrics for detecting microstructural changes, especially in deep gray matter. This study also provides evidence supporting the notion that microstructural changes predate morphological changes. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2495–2508, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of Unanticipated Economic Shocks on the Demand for Contraceptives: Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Abiona Olukorede 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigate the impact of unanticipated economic shocks on the use of contraceptives for childbirth control in Uganda using a nationally representative panel of women. To complement our reduced form analysis, we use both intra‐village and inter‐village variation in rainfall shocks between 2009 and 2012 to identify the impact of agricultural income on the adoption of contraceptives by Ugandan women and their husbands. Our results indicate that women in Uganda, along with their husbands, use contraceptives strategically to postpone childbirth during negative shocks. Our baseline coefficient estimate reveals that a 0.10 log‐point adverse rainfall shock increases the demand for contraceptives by 3.8 percentage points. This translates to a 6.7% increase in the likelihood of contraceptives demand. Results from the two‐stage least‐square instrumental variable estimation for the impact of income complements the strategic birth control story from the reduced form estimates of this paper. More importantly, we find suggestive evidence‐linking preventive childbirth decisions to food insecurity during drought. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal release of dopamine and norepinephrine encodes novel contextual information
Authors: Moreno‐Castilla Perla , Pérez‐Ortega Rodrigo , Violante‐Soria Valeria , Balderas Israela , Bermúdez‐Rattoni Federico 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe detection and processing of novel information encountered in our environment is crucial for proper adaptive behavior and learning. Hippocampus is a prime structure for novelty detection that receives high‐level inputs including context information. It is of our interest to understand the mechanisms by which the hippocampus processes contextual information. For this, we performed in vivo microdyalisis in order to monitor extracellular changes in neurotransmitter levels during Object Location Memory (OLM), a behavioral protocol developed to evaluate contextual information processing in recognition memory. Neurotransmitter release was evaluated in the dorsal hippocampus and insular cortex during OLM in 3‐month‐old B6129SF2/J mice. We found a simultaneous release of dopamine and norepinephrine in hippocampus during OLM, while neurochemical activity remained unaltered in the cortex. Additionally, we administered 6‐hydroxy‐dopamine (6‐OHDA), a neurotoxic compound selective to dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons, in the dorsal hippocampus in a different group of mice. Depletion of catecholaminergic terminals in the hippocampus by 6‐OHDA impaired OLM but did not affect novel object recognition. Our results support the relevance of hippocampal catecholaminergic neurotransmission in recognition memory. The significance of catecholaminergic function may be extended to the clinical field as it has been reported that innervation of hippocampus by the noradrenergic and dopaminergic system is reduced and atrophied in aging and Alzheimer's disease brain. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimizing for generalization in the decoding of internally generated activity in the hippocampus
Authors: van der Meer Matthijs A. A. , Carey Alyssa A. , Tanaka Youki 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe decoding of a sensory or motor variable from neural activity benefits from a known ground truth against which decoding performance can be compared. In contrast, the decoding of covert, cognitive neural activity, such as occurs in memory recall or planning, typically cannot be compared to a known ground truth. As a result, it is unclear how decoders of such internally generated activity should be configured in practice. We suggest that if the true code for covert activity is unknown, decoders should be optimized for generalization performance using cross‐validation. Using ensemble recording data from hippocampal place cells, we show that this cross‐validation approach results in different decoding error, different optimal decoding parameters, and different distributions of error across the decoded variable space. In addition, we show that a minor modification to the commonly used Bayesian decoding procedure, which enables the use of spike density functions, results in substantially lower decoding errors. These results have implications for the interpretation of covert neural activity, and suggest easy‐to‐implement changes to commonly used procedures across domains, with applications to hippocampal place cells in particular. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reconsolidation‐induced rescue of a remote fear memory blocked by an early cortical inhibition: Involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex and the mediation by the thalamic nucleus reuniens
Authors: Sierra Rodrigo O. , Pedraza Lizeth K. , Zanona Querusche K. , Santana Fabiana , Boos Flávia Z. , Crestani Ana P. , Haubrich Josué , de Oliveira Alvares Lucas , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa , Quillfeldt Jorge A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTSystems consolidation is a time‐dependent reorganization process involving neocortical and hippocampal networks underlying memory storage and retrieval. The involvement of the hippocampus during acquisition is well described; however we know much less about the concomitant contribution of cortical activity levels to the formation of stable remote memories. Here, after a reversible pharmacological inhibition of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during the acquisition of a contextual fear conditioning, retrieval of both recent and remote memories were impaired, an effect that was reverted by a single memory reactivation session 48 h after training, through a destabilization‐dependent mechanism interpreted as reconsolidation, that restored the normal course of systems consolidation in order to rescue a remote memory. Next we have shown that the integrity of both the anterior cingulate cortex and the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) were required for this reactivation‐induced memory rescue. Because lidocaine infused into the RE inhibited LTP induction in the CA1‐anterior cingulate cortex pathways, it seems that RE is a necessary component of the circuit underlying systems consolidation, mediating communication between dorsal hippocampus and cortical areas. To our notice, this is the first demonstration of the rescue of remote memories disrupted by ACC inhibition during acquisition, via a reconsolidation‐driven mechanism. We have also shown the importance of RE to ensure the interconnection among brain areas that collectively seem to control the natural course of systems consolidation and allow the persistence of relevant emotional engrams. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders in women and girls living with female genital mutilation: A systematic review
Authors: Adelufosi Adegoke , Edet Bassey , Arikpo Dachi , Aquaisua Ememobong , Meremikwu Martin M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is associated with psychological consequences such as post‐traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), depression, and anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), an empirically supported form of psychotherapy, may be an effective treatment for these psychological sequelae of FGM.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of CBT among individuals living with any type of FGM and diagnosed to have PTSD, depression, or anxiety disorders.Search strategiesCENTRAL, Medline, African Index Medicus, SCOPUS, PILOTS, POPLINE, PsycINFO, WHOLIS, LILACS, ERIC, NYAM Library, CINAHL, Web of Science were searched from inception up to August 10, 2015.Selection criteriaBoth randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing the efficacy of CBT to other forms of interventions for PTSD, depression, or anxiety disorders in individuals with FGM, were systematically reviewed.Data collection and analysisWe did not identify any studies with eligible design that addressed the objective of the review.Main resultsThere are no included studies.ConclusionFuture studies need to look beyond establishing the prevalence and correlates of FGM to conducting well‐designed, randomized controlled studies or well‐designed interventional observational studies for the management of the psychological consequences of women and girls living with FGM.PROSPERO registrationCRD42015024458.
Prioritizing and synthesizing evidence to improve the health care of girls and women living with female genital mutilation: An overview of the process
Authors: Stein Karin , Hindin Michelle J. , Chou Doris , Say Lale 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFemale genital mutilation (FGM) constitutes a harmful traditional practice that can have a profound impact on the health and well‐being of girls and women who undergo the procedure. In recent years, due to international migration, healthcare providers worldwide are increasingly confronted with the need to provide adequate health care to this population. Recognizing this situation the WHO recently developed the first evidence‐based guidelines on the management of health complications from FGM. To inform the guideline recommendations, an expert‐driven, two‐step process was conducted. The first step consisted of developing and ranking a list of priority research questions for the evidence retrieval. The second step involved conducting a series of systematic reviews and qualitative data syntheses. In the present paper, we first provide the methodology used in the development and ranking of the research questions (step 1) and then detail the common methodology for each of the systematic reviews and qualitative evidence syntheses (step 2).