bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Expended in Robotic Deburring of Circular Components Using a SCARA Robot
Authors: Subhashini P. V. S. , Raju N. V. S. , Venkata Rao Ganapathiraju 
Published: March 2016

It is well known that in mechanical engineering production systems, an estimated 15–30% of the manufacturing cost is towards deburring operations. While small components may be deburred using one of the many technologies available, larger components like castings have to be deburred manually or in recent times with assistance from robots. In fact, most of the present mass production systems aim towards automation and robotics for carrying out these operations. At present, substantial research effort is being spent towards robotic deburring. The major issue with robotic deburring is that the tool path gets affected in view of the interaction of cutting forces between the work piece and robot.
The objective of present research is to carry out multidirectional investigations on robotic deburring using a SCARA robot, the application being confined mostly to the deburring of circular components. It is well known that SCARA (selective Compliant articulated Robot Arm) is a robotic manipulator with four degrees of freedom (3 rotary and 1 prismatic) and is preferred where speed, high precision and accuracy is required.
In this work investigations on SCARA robot are carried out for different sized component which is positioned at different distances with respect to the base which leads to present a solution to component placement with in the workspace (solvability analysis) and also presents the placement position of a deburring component with minimum joint torques. A brief discussion on simulation of SCARA robot with force feedback control is presented, since this plays a major role in the maintenance of the path in the presence of varying cutting forces, and also presented kinematic and dynamic analysis of a SCARA robot for deburring of rectangular paths.
The overall kinematic and dynamic analyses of the SCARA robot with different positional configurations of the workpieces in the workspace enables the energy to be computed for assessing the most desirable state for deburring which consumes the least energy. This data thus obtained enables a comparison and pseudo-optimize the best configuration for the entire deburring operation. Although the methodology is at present confined mostly to circular paths, similar analyses can be carried out for rectangular path deburring (similar to those on engine cylinder heads) and oblong and elliptical profiles which are commonly found in many engineering components.
A Methodology to Design a Knowledge-Based Tool for Residential Buildings Simulation
Authors: Capitanelli Andrea , Germani Michele , Landi Daniele , Papetti Alessandra 
Published: March 2016

The actual growing world energy demand is generating strong attention to the energy efficiency and to the environmental sustainability. The residential sector is one of the most energy-intensive reaching about 25% of global energy consumption. Furthermore, it is difficult to understand the real energy use in residential buildings suggesting the development of methodologies and tools to monitor and assess their energy performances. Such an analysis requires defining all the actors, their interaction rules and the intelligent management of a large amount of data. In addition to this, the energy performances of the home environment are closely related to the specific case under investigation, in fact it imposes the analysis of the particular application scenario and the target users to extract parameters able to describe the building behavior. They are related to the technological characteristics of the systems, to the external environment (e.g. external temperature, solar irradiation, etc.) and to the user needs and habits. It introduces some complexities, because many of these data are difficult to find and to predict. Another cause of complexity was introduced by the information and communication technologies (ICT) that creates new relationship between home devices fostering the spread of smart systems. In this scenario, simulation tools have been developed to grasp the real energy performance of a building, but they require a high level of detail for the input data which are often difficult to find. Otherwise, other tools are built for much simplified simulations and typically addressed to inexperienced users neglecting the real complexities of the system.
For this reason, the paper presents a new design approach that aims to develop knowledge-based tools with architecture able to simulate the real behavior of the building considering all the actors and their interaction rules, but at the same time containing the features that allow them to be used in fast simulations or by inexperienced users. One of the focuses is the development of an intelligent user interface that, when requested, is able to automate and simplify data entry process. It is particularly useful when the user does not know the necessary input data for the simulation, e.g. energy consumption profiles, detailed features of the building, etc. All the steps of the proposed approach are described in the paper. In the first section is highlighted how the key parameters have been found and how they are organized as creating a knowledge base, while in the second section is shown the operation of the smart user interface and of the simulation tool. The results demonstrate that the proposed knowledge-based approach generates real benefits by simplifying and speeding up the data entry. Furthermore, the study shows how the smart user interface allows performing complex simulations also to novice users.
A Methodology for Optimal Lightweight Design of Moulds and Dies: A Case Study
Authors: Nie Yi , Lin Yueh-Jaw , Sun Wei , Huang Tao 
Published: March 2016

Attaining lightweight design of mechanical parts and components is an ever-lasting goal of designers during design process. In this paper, a systematic lightweight design methodology is proposed for mould and die design enabling us to avoid conventional ways of empirical approaches, leading to substantial cost reduction in part’s material utilization and minimizing environmental impacts in product realization.
At the initial stage, the characteristics of a lightweight mould or die are identified using the so-called lightweight coefficient defined as the ratio of the part’s functional performance to its mass. The proposed design methodology was implemented to attain an optimum lightweight coefficient resulting in desirable mass reduction as well as overall functional performance improvements of the final products.
In the case study, the design was started with numerical simulation to model the process-part interaction for a typical extrusion operation, which allowed the identification of the numerical design parameters that affect the required performances as well as the threshold values that must be met. Structural optimization scheme was then employed to achieve the targeted performances with structural components of minimum mass by applying the design criterion of reducing the thickness of components’ walls. The study was done on the redesign of an actual polymer pipe extrusion die. The results showed that 21.67% (3325.26 kg) mass reduction of the underlying extrusion die, together with the evaluated increase of lightweight coefficient by 25.23%, could be obtained with the specified performances of productivity, static stiffness, compressive strength and assembly property satisfied.
All in all, this work provides a foundation for dealing with lightweight mechanical parts design aimed at conventional heavy duty machine components with complex functionalities such as moulds and dies. The proposed lightweight coefficient design methodology proves to be effective in reducing parts’ weight without sacrificing the part’s specifications and desired functionalities. In future work other design criteria such as shortening the length of the flow channel or reducing the number of assembly parts are to be investigated to further improve the design outcomes. Moreover, life cycle assessment (LCA) will be performed to evaluate the positive impact of lightweight design on the environment due to material saving and machining wastes reduction in realizing the parts.
Second Law Heat Release Modeling of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled With Blends of Palm Biodiesel
Authors: Mattson Jonathan , Reznicek Evan , Depcik Christopher 
Published: March 2016

Modeling of engine-out heat release is of great importance for engine combustion research. Variations in fuel properties bring about changing combustion behavior within the cylinder, which may be captured by modeling of the rate of heat release. This is particularly true for biodiesel fuels, where changes in fuel behavior are linked to viscosity, density, and energy content. Heat release may also be expanded into an analysis using the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, which may ascertain the pathways through which availability is either captured as useful work, unused as thermal availability of the exhaust gas, or wasted as heat transfer. In specific, the 2nd Law model identifies the period of peak availability, and thus the ideal period to extract work, and is of use for power optimization.
A multi-zone (fuel, burned, and unburned) diagnostic model using a 1st Law of Thermodynamics analysis is utilized as a foundation for a 2nd Law analysis, allowing for a simultaneous energy and exergy analysis of engine combustion from a captured pressure trace. The model calibrates the rate and magnitude of combustion through an Arrhenius equation in place of a traditional Wiebe function, calibrated using exhaust emission measurements.
The created model is then utilized to categorize combustion of diesel and palm biodiesel fuels, as well as their blends. The 2nd Law analysis is used to highlight the effects of increasing biodiesel usage on engine efficiency, particularly with respect to fuel viscosity and combustion temperature. The 2nd Law model used is found to provide a more clear understanding of combustion than the original 1st Law model, particularly with respect to the relationships between biodiesel content, viscosity, temperature, and diffusion-dominated combustion.
The Design Build Go Universal Power Hub
Authors: Coucci Alexander W. , Grandinetti Marcus R. , Leandro Trevor J. , McCusker James , Williamson Simon 
Published: March 2016

The Design, Build, Go Hub (DBG) is a universal power hub that not only encapsulates the various branches of robotic engineering, but also transforms a student’s creativity into a physical product. The hub serves as both control mechanism and the power delivery system for student designs. The universal design is easily implemented to provide automation to designs including quadcopters, wheeled platforms, and mechanized robotics. This hub gives students the opportunity to gain exposure to electrical, mechanical and systems engineering, as well as how the various disciplines can be integrated into a cohesive design. Powered by a Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller with a motor controller interface, the DBG Hub can interface with a variety of sensors, motors, servos, cameras and various other electrical components.
The mechanical system also has a vast number of possibilities by utilizing rapid prototyping such as 3D printing, vacuum forming, and machining. The DBG Hub was designed to be capable of receiving a vast amount of rapid prototyped parts for nearly any type of mechanical function. The housing, which holds the electrical system, is also a product of rapid prototyping technology. The 3D printed design allows users to create attachments with corresponding electrical components that plug into the housing for a variety of projects. The combination of rapid prototyping with the microcontroller allows the hub to take full advantage of combining the mechanical design with the electrical components. This combination is used to create systems that can sense, think and react.
Sample projects created utilizing the DBG hub as the central control unit, such as the DBG quad-copter, or the DBG land vehicle, perfectly showcase these attributes in an introductory manner. These sample projects have been designed and software created as introductory tools for students interested in engineering. The effectiveness of the hub being able to interest students in engineering will be the subject of a future study. This study will show how simplifying the incorporation of multiple engineering disciplines into one easy to use tool is the simplest and most efficient way to become more knowledgeable of the engineering field. While this study has not yet been conducted, it can still be stated that the DBG Hub is an original and groundbreaking design that will excite, promote, and, most importantly, educate students in the field of engineering.
A Mathematical Model With Preliminary Experiments of a Gyroscopic Ocean Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Murakami Hidenori , Rios Oscar , Amini Ardavan 
Published: March 2016

Global attempts to increase generation of clean and reproducible natural energy have greatly contributed to the progress of solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal energy generation. To meet the goal set by the Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) in the United States, it is advisable for several of the coastal states to tap into the least explored resource: ocean-wave energy. There are many advantages to ocean-wave energy generation. First, the energy per unit area is 20 to 30 times larger compared with solar and five to ten times larger when compared to wind energy. Second, waves are more easily predicted than wind. Currently, there are several challenges with capturing ocean energy: With respect to the environment, noise pollution and effects on marine life need to be taken into consideration; with respect to design, ocean-wave power generators need to withstand large waves due to hurricanes and be designed to lessen visual pollution.
There are various methods and devices used to capture ocean wave energy. Point absorbers, such as PowerBuoy, can harness vertical or heaving motion into electricity while attenuators like Pelamis use the induced movement of its joints from the incoming waves. Unfortunately, many have few parameters that can be varied to optimize power generation and or suffer from the various challenges mentioned above. The gyroscopic ocean wave energy converter harnesses the rocking or pitching motion induced by the ocean waves and converts it into rotary motion that is then fed to a generator. Furthermore, it is a fully enclosed floating device that has several parameters that can be varied to optimize power output. Previous work has demonstrated the viability of such a device, but the theoretical modeling of these converters is still in its infancy compared to that of other ocean wave energy converters. The objective of the research presented is to fully understand the mechanisms of power generation in the gyroscopic ocean wave energy converter. Using the moving frame method, a mathematical model of the device is developed. The nonlinear equations of motion are derived through the use of this novel method and then solved numerically. The results are then used to optimize the system and identify key parameters and their effect on the output power generated. Additionally, the resulting equations serve as a tool for identifying an appropriate control strategy for the system. Finally, a scale model of a gyroscopic ocean wave energy converter is developed to validate the equations of motion that have been derived.
Optimized Design of Structural Components Realized Through Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Baglioni Stefano , Braccesi Claudio , Cianetti Filippo , Conti Paolo , Rossi Gianluca 
Published: March 2016

Nowadays Additive Manufacturing (AM) is going through a very fast development, spreading in many different mechanical contexts. The main advantages of this technology are: production costs reduction (prototype realization time reduction, raw material consumption reduction, almost zero manpower needed...), significant reliability (compared to the standard production process) and last but not least extreme freedom in product shape design. The last characteristic makes it possible to adopt new design approach focusing on component shape and material distribution optimization; a new design paradigm must be developed to fully take advantage of these opportunities: the designer can develop new concepts with very complex shapes and sophisticated topological solution owing to opportunities yielded by AM with in mind only the week limitations given by this technology.
In detail this work aims to highlight a new design strategy that consist of a combination of structural optimization tools (Topology Optimization TO) and non-contact stress field measurement technique (based on thermo-elasticity). The goal is to develop an iterative design procedures which links the design shape optimization with the experimental stress evaluation, allowing a wise material distribution in order to enhance the resistance.
The idea is to accomplish an initial designing phase, letting the designer free to define a first rough design concept taking into account the information provided by the TO to exploit the material in the best way. Then, the concept must be verified in both: model numerical F.E.M. analysis and prototype experimental evaluation of the stress field. Eventually, according to the verification analysis results, the model will be modified to reach the desired requirements in terms of allowed deformation, stress resistance and fatigue life.
The paper will display the optimization technique iterative process (based on Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization – SIMP – scheme) in a general way and through a practical example. As a reference, this methodology has been applied to a specific test case in order to design and optimize a new concept of a structural mechanical component of a mountain bike. The component was, first realized as a prototype in thermoplastic material and finally designed to be realized in metal for in field application.
Analysis and Optimization of a Spring Based Clamping System
Authors: Landi Luca , Braccesi Claudio , Cianetti Filippo , Lucertini Simone 
Published: March 2016

Clamping systems based on a spring mechanism are widely used in tooling machine industry due to its simplicity, low cost and high reliability.
This paper explores the theoretical formulation of a general clamping mechanism based on direct spring actuation, in terms of the two different requirements: a proper clamping force and a limited maximum stress for a better fatigue duration.
First the influence of the main “key design parameters” on the mechanism characteristic will be recovered, the results show clearly that, the simple re-engineering of typical solution does not meet the requirements for a new multi-purpose tooling machine.
Moreover the improved performance obtainable for the clamping system using a “preloaded mechanism” will be evidenced thorough an analytical formulation taking into account the different behaviors of the mechanism during the preloading phase and the clamping phase.
The goodness of the new analytical model will be verified through analytical and FEM non-linear model comparison for an industrial clamping system based on a flexural spring both in terms of clamping force and of fatigue durability.
Effect of Paper Property on Mechanical Property of Paper Tube
Authors: Suda Mitsunori , Kitamura Takanori , Wongpajan Ratchaneekorn , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2016

Paper recycling is an effective way in reducing deforestation and energy consumption. Therefore recycling paper and paper products has been widely applied in many areas, such as packaging industry, film rolls, adhesive-tape industry, furniture decoration and temporary structures in building. They can be produced into various structure according to different requirement, such as paper tube, corrugated paperboard and normal paperboard. Paper-tubes gain more and more applications as a traditional structure due to their excellent mechanical property and environmentally friendly property. In order to meet various needs of paper-tube and produce high performance paper-tubes, designing for paper-tubes fabrication is needed. It is necessary to research the lateral compression strength of paper tube because various paper-tubes are used as packages, cores, poles and structure materials. To establish a relation of mechanical property between paperboards and paper-tubes is an important aspect. The current study is to investigate this relation. Paperboards are built from cellulose fibers jointed by hydrogen bonds and some additional elements like talc. The fibers are distributed randomly on the paperboards. However due to the tension action during fabrication process, more fibers are distributed in machine rolling direction which is defined as machine direction (MD, TD for transverse direction). The material expresses obvious anisotropic property. On the other hand, due to the laminated structure of paper materials, it is possible to generate interlaminar fracture in the usage process, especially in the construction made of paper such as paper tubes. The mechanical property of three kinds of paperboards used for paper-tubes fabrication was investigated included tension, compression and peeling combining with anisotropic property.
These three kinds of paperboards have different mechanical properties but same dimension for paper-tubes fabrications. By this method, the effects of different properties including tension, compression and peeling on mechanical property of paper-tube could be evaluated. A series of paper-tubes with different layers was fabricated and the lateral compression test was carried out and evaluated. The fracture form of paper-tubes and fracture position on paper-tube were discussed together with paperboards. The cause of delamination behavior of laminated paper was analysis based on the detailed observation. The optical observation were employed to evaluate the fracture properties of paper-tubes after lateral compression test. It was found that the initial fracture of paper-tubes occurred inside the paperboards rather than between layers and the peeling property of paperboard has a signification effects on lateral compression property of paper-tubes.
Action, Practice and Research in Project Based Learning in an Industrial Engineering and Management Program
Authors: Alves Anabela C. , Leão Celina P. 
Published: March 2016

Engineering is a profession that suffers from rapid obsolescence because of constantly new market needs. Therefore, the engineering education curriculum must be adapted to accommodate change and to prepare as well as possible new engineers. To achieve this, Project-Based Learning (PBL) as an active learning methodology, assumes greater importance.
PBL has been implemented for a decade (since 2004/05) in the first semester of the first and fourth year of the Master Degree in Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM) at University of Minho, Portugal, by a team of IEM teachers. This paper describes this last decade of teaching, learning and researching in a PBL environment in this degree. PBL engages students in their own learning. In IEM program, PBL also engaged teachers in improving their teaching methods by questioning continuously these. Throughout ten years, the coordination team of IEM program faced many challenges and brought significant contributions to discussion, researching on how PBL process in IEM could be improved and studying different PBL models for different students’ needs. By following this path, this paper disseminates the practices researched in PBL process of IEM program and the benefits founded by applying this learning methodology through an analysis of the results of this research published in international conferences, journals and books (more than 70 publications). In light of the results achieved, as well as feedback from researchers and students, the authors believe that PBL is one of the best practices for student learning and teacher engagement.