bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Lines of Evidence Indicate That Gliotransmission Does Not Occur under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Fiacco Todd A. , McCarthy Ken D. 
Published: January 2018

A major controversy persists within the field of glial biology concerning whether or not, under physiological conditions, neuronal activity leads to Ca2+-dependent release of neurotransmitters from astrocytes, a phenomenon known as gliotransmission. Our perspective is that, while we and others can apply techniques to cause gliotransmission, there is considerable evidence gathered using astrocyte-specific and more physiological approaches which suggests that gliotransmission is a pharmacological phenomenon rather than a physiological process. Approaches providing evidence against gliotransmission include stimulation of Gq-GPCRs expressed only in astrocytes, as well as removal of the primary proposed source of astrocyte Ca2+responsible for gliotransmission. These approaches contrast with those supportive of gliotransmission, which include mechanical stimulation, strong astrocytic depolarization using whole-cell patch-clamp or optogenetics, uncaging Ca2+or IP3, chelating Ca2+using BAPTA, and nonspecific bath application of agonists to receptors expressed by a multitude of cell types. These techniques are not subtle and therefore are not supportive of recent suggestions that gliotransmission requires very specific and delicate temporal and spatial requirements. Other evidence, including lack of propagating Ca2+waves between astrocytes in healthy tissue, lack of expression of vesicular release machinery, and the demise of thed-serine gliotransmission hypothesis, provides additional evidence against gliotransmission. Overall, the data suggest that Ca2+-dependent release of neurotransmitters is the province of neurons, not astrocytes, in the intact brain under physiological conditions.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Gliotransmission: Beyond Black-and-White, by Iaroslav Savtchouk and Andrea Volterra
An Overexpressed Q Allele Leads to Increased Spike Density and Improved Processing Quality in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Xu Bin-Jie , Chen Qing , Zheng Ting , Jiang Yun-Feng , Qiao Yuan-Yuan , Guo Zhen-Ru , Cao Yong-Li , Wang Yan , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Zong Lu-Juan , Zhu Jing , Liu Cai-Hong , Jiang Qian-Tao , Lan Xiu-Jin , Ma Jian , Wang Ji-Rui , Zheng You-Liang , Wei Yu-Ming , Qi Peng-Fei 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Spike density and processing quality are important traits in modern wheat production and are controlled by multiple gene loci. The associated genes have been intensively studied and new discoveries have been constantly reported during the past few decades. However, no gene playing a significant role in the development of these two traits has been identified. In the current study, a common wheat mutant with extremely compact spikes and good processing quality was isolated and characterized. A new allele (Qc1) of the Q gene (an important domestication gene) responsible for the mutant phenotype was cloned, and the molecular mechanism for the mutant phenotype was studied. Results revealed that Qc1 originated from a point mutation that interferes with the miRNA172-directed cleavage of Q transcripts, leading to its overexpression. It also reduces the longitudinal cell size of rachises, resulting in an increased spike density. Furthermore, Qc1 increases the number of vascular bundles, which suggests a higher efficiency in the transportation of assimilates in the spikes of the mutant than that of wild type. This accounts for the improved processing quality. The effects of Qc1 on spike density and wheat processing quality were confirmed by analyzing nine common wheat mutants possessing four different Qc alleles. These results deepen our understanding of the key roles of Q gene, and provide new insights for the potential application of Qc alleles in wheat quality breeding.
Completion Rate and Safety of Tuberculosis Infection Treatment With Shorter Regimens
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Starke Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
The traditional treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection (9 months of daily isoniazid [9H]) is safe but completion rates of &lt;50% are reported. Shorter regimens (3 months of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine [3HP] or 4 months of daily rifampin [4R]) are associated with improved adherence in adults.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study (2014–2017) of children (0–18 years old) seen at a children’s TB clinic in a low-incidence nation. We compared the frequency of completion and adverse events (AEs) in children receiving 3HP, 4R, and 9H; the latter 2 regimens could be administered by families (termed self-administered therapy [SAT]) or as directly observed preventive therapy (DOPT); 3HP was always administered under DOPT.

RESULTS:
TB infection treatment was started in 667 children: 283 (42.4%) 3HP, 252 (37.8%) 9H, and 132 (19.8%) 4R. Only 52% of children receiving 9H via SAT completed therapy. Children receiving 3HP were more likely to complete therapy than the 9H (SAT) group (odds ratio [OR] 27.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.8–63.7). Multivariate analyses found receipt of medication under DOPT (OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 3.47–9.43), increasing age (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17), and the absence of any AE (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.26–0.60) to be associated with completing therapy. AEs were more common in the 9H group (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.48–4.32). Two (0.9%) children receiving 9H developed hepatotoxicity; no child receiving 3HP or 4R developed hepatotoxicity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Shorter regimens are associated with increased completion rates and fewer AEs than 9H.
Staphylococcus spp. resistentes em hemoculturas e superfícies hospitalares e a segurança do paciente
Authors: De Almeida Karoline Rissele Henrique , Silva Natally Dos Santos , Rocha Igor Vasconcelos , Xavier Danilo Elias , Leal Nilma Cintra , De Oliveira Sibele Ribeiro 
Published: January 2018

Justificativa e Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença e resistência de Staphylococcus aureus e estafilococos coagulase-negativos resistentes à oxacilina isolados em superfícies e hemoculturas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de emergência na cidade de Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, sendo as coletas realizadas a partir das superfícies dos leitos de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Paralelamente, amostras de hemoculturas dos respectivos pacientes também foram obtidas. As amostras foram coletadas por amostragem de conveniência e a identificação dos microrganismos isolados se deu através de espectrometria de massas. Resultados:
Observou-se uma prevalência maior de bactérias do grupo dos Staphylococcus coagulase negativo-SCN (76,92%) em relação à espécie de Staphylococcus aureus (23,07%). Dentre os microrganismos
identificados como resistentes à oxacilina, 12,5% das espécies apresentaram semelhança nas amostras de superfície do leito e hemocultura do mesmo paciente. Conclusões: As bactérias resistentes identificadas reforçam a importância de enfatizar as medidas gerais de
higienização do ambiente no que se refere a segurança do paciente nos serviços de saúde. DESCRITORES: Infecção Hospitalar. Contaminação de Equipamentos. Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Infecções Estafilocócicas.
O saber e o fazer de acadêmicos de enfermagem frente a acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes
Authors: Ferreira Helder , Gatelli Pamela Juliana , Silveira Natyele Rippel , Moura Cynthia Bordes de 
Published: January 2018

Justificativas e Objetivos: Os ferimentos causados por acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes representam atualmente um grave problema nas instituições de saúde, logo, a pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar se o que os acadêmicos de enfermagem dizem saber sobre as práticas corretas em caso de acidentes com instrumentos
perfurocortantes, corresponde ou não ao que eles dizem que fariam caso o acidente acontecesse. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 88 discentes de dois campi de uma universidade estadual do estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um instrumento composto de oito situações que descreviam acidentes hipotéticos com
instrumentos perfurocortantes na prática de enfermagem. Cada situação era seguida de três alternativas: uma correta, uma parcialmente correta e outra incorreta. Em cada uma o aluno era solicitado a indicar qual conduta o profissional deveria tomar; assim como avaliar o que o profissional realmente faria na situação descrita. Resultados: Observouse
discrepância entre o que os acadêmicos dizem “saber” sobre as práticas corretas em casos de acidentes e o que eles dizem sobre o “fazer” frente ao acidente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que intervenções e estratégias por parte das instituições de ensino precisam ser desenvolvidas a fim de minimizar tais diferenças, reforçar os riscos envolvidos nos
acidentes com materiais biológicos, e enfatizar a importância de medidas preventivas.
DESCRITORES: Riscos ocupacionais. Acidentes de trabalho. Saúde do trabalhador. Ferimentos penetrantes. Equipe de enfermagem.
A blinded, three-arm randomised trial assessing joint function and measuring three-dimensional knee joint kinematics in individuals six months after a total knee joint replacement; comparing a medially stabilised design, to standard fixed bearing conventional designs – posterior stabilising and cruciate retaining
Authors: Dowsey Michelle M. , Pandy Marcus , Young Tony J. , Gray Hans , Guan Shangyuanye , Choong Peter F. 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> No randomised trial exists to assess the relative prosthetic performance of three fixed bearing total knee joint replacement construct designs through clinical functional outcomes and biomechanical gait analysis at six months after the index procedure.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The design of a double blinded, prospective, randomised trial with three parallel patient groups is presented. Patients reviewed in consultant clinic with radiographic and clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee, with the condition deemed severe enough to require a total knee joint replacement (TKJR) are eligible. Subjects enrolled in the trial are randomised to one of the three TKJR construct designs approximately ten days prior to scheduled date of surgery. Each subject is then followed up for at least twelve months. Repeated measure of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) will be utilised to uncover any clinical functional differences in each trial group in each time interval.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Differences in clinical functional scores at each time interval compared to pre-intervention, as well as between group differences in clinical functional scores at each time interval will be examined. At six months after the operation, biomechanical measurements of joint motion, ground reaction forces, and muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity will be recorded simultaneously from each subject for four test conditions: level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, and chair rise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This randomised trial is designed to better understand the relationships between the clinical functional outcomes and replaced knee kinematics in three fixed bearing total knee replacement construct designs at six months postoperatively.</p>
A cross-sectional randomized comparative study of topical minoxidil solution with and without finasteride in male pattern androgenetic alopecia in South Indian patients
Authors: Narasimhalu C. R. V. 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Finasteride is one of the common drugs used in androgenetic alopecia. Literature speaks about sexual side effects in about 2% of the patients. To overcome this, we used topical finasteride. The objective of the study was to know the efficacy of topical minoxidil solution with and without finasteride.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We randomized about 300 subjects, aged 18-45 years, who came for outpatient consultation for male pattern androgenetic alopecia into two groups. One group (group A) treated with 0.1% topical finasteride with 5% minoxidil solution and another group (group B) treated with 5% minoxidil solution after informed consent from both of them.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Analysis of the extent of bald area, hair count and number of terminal hair showed no significant difference in both the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> No significant difference in the therapeutic response of topical minoxidil solution whether its plain or added with topical finasteride. So, adding topical finasteride in the minoxidil solution found to be of no value. It only adds up the cost and also creates the unnecessary fear of sexual side effects in the mind of the patients. </p>
DIMENZIJE ULOGE NASTAVNIKA U VISOKOŠKOLSKOJ NASTAVI IZ PERSPEKTIVE STUDENATA
Authors: Malčić Borka D. , Tančić Nataša , Kostović Svetlana 
Published: January 2018

Rad je usmeren na analizu i istraživanje evaluativnog aspekta visokoškolske nastave i uloge nastavnika kroz percepciju studenata. U teoriji savremene nastave značajno se menja i uloga nastavnika. Posebno u paragdigmi učenja („učeće društvo“), uloga nastavnika se pomera na preparativnu fazu nastave, a u neposrednoj realizaciji nastave uloga nastavnika postaje saradnička, partnerska i mentorska u strukuiranju nastavnih aktivnosti, čiji su glavni akteri studenti. Svoju subjekatsku poziciju u nastavi, studenti dokazuju i u procesu evaluacije nastave i nastavnika. U radu se prikazuju rezultati mikropedagoškog istraživanja realizovanog na uzorku studenata treće godine Filozofskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu. U istraživanju je primenjen instrument za evaluaciju univerzitetskih nastavnika u izvođenju nastave. Analiza rezultata je pokazala jednofaktorsko rešenje upitnika. Akademski uspeh studenata ne ostvaruje značajnu pozitivnu korelaciju sa percipiranjem kvaliteta nastave i postoji značajna razlika u evaluaciji nastavnog procesa univerzitetskih nastavnika od strane studenata u odnosu na pol ispitanika. Studentska evaluacija je neophodna, ali i nedovoljna za višdimenzionalni konstrukt evaluacije nastavnog procesa univerzitetskih nastavnika. Koncept savremene pedagoške evaluacije, kako pokazuju i rezultati ovog istraživanja, mora uključiti sve elemente evaluacije visokoškolske nastave, pre svega samoevaluaciju nastavnika.
Ključne reči: studenti, univerzitet, evaluacija, nastavni proces,uloga nastavnika.
Apresentação
Authors: Melo Alfredo 
Published: January 2018

A Remate de Males pretende, neste dossiê, revisitar um tema que gera inúmeros debates na crítica literária brasileira: a relação entre literatura e sociedade. Para muitos, vincular a literatura às demandas mundanas da sociedade (o mercado, o capitalismo, as dinâmicas de classe social, as violências fundantes de contratos sociais, etc) seria um modo de limitar seu potencial universalizante. Afinal, pode-se ler e ter apreço por Dostoievski sem conhecer a estrutura social da Rússia czarista; admirar a prosa machadiana sem ter familiaridade com os dilemas ideológicos do Brasil escravista e deleitar-se com o Don Quijote de Miguel de Cervantes sem ater-se às complexidades da sociedade estamental espanhola do século XVII. Não podemos duvidar que livros podem ser lidos e apreciados fora do seu contexto histórico-sociológico original. Tal truísmo, no entanto, não pode servir de justificativa anti-intelectualista para impedir uma compreensão mais nuançada do fator estruturante das relações sociais nas obras literárias, seja no seu contexto original, seja nos variados momentos de sua recepção.
Okinawa's GI Brides
Authors: Crissey Etsuko Takushi 
Published: January 2018

The disproportionate U.S, military presence in Okinawa, which began with the 1945 battle followed by twenty-seven years under U.S. military occupation, continues to this day. It has brought deadly accidents, serious crimes, including rape and murder, environmental destruction, and economic stagnation to what remains Japan’s poorest prefecture. These small islands bear 70 percent of the total U.S. military presence in Japan on 0.6 percent of the nation’s land area with less than 1 percent of its population. Yet, even as this burden of bases continues to impose dangers and disruptions, approximately 200 Okinawan women every year have married American servicemen and returned with them to live in the United States. Former Okinawa Times reporter Etsuko Takushi Crissey traveled throughout their adopted country, conducting wide-ranging interviews and a questionnaire survey of women who married and immigrated between the early 1950s and the mid-1990s. She asked how they met their husbands, why they decided to marry, what the reactions of both families had been, and what life had been like for them in the United States. She concentrates especially on their experiences as immigrants, wives, mothers, working women, and members of a racial minority. Many describe severe hardships they encountered. Crissey presents their diverse personal accounts, her survey results, and comparative data on divorces, challenging the widespread notion that such marriages almost always fail, with the women ending up abandoned and helpless in a strange land. She compares their experiences with international marriages of American soldiers stationed in Europe and mainland Japan.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN MONO-CITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: КАДЫРОВ Рамиль , KADYROV Ramil' 
Published: January 2018

The article examines innovative project to promote tourism in mono-cities of the Republic of Tatarstan: Naberezhnye Chelny, Chistopol, Zelenodolsk, Yela- buga and Kamskie Polyana. These single-industry towns have potential for the development of the river, environmental and industrial tourism. But at the same time, historical and cultural potential have only Chistopol, Yelabuga, Zelenodolsk. In aggregate, using tourism potential of the monocities in the Republic of Tatarstan, taking into account river transport communications, can create a single tourist cluster.
The waters of the Volga and Kama rivers, rich forests, features of ethnocultural traditions of the peoples of Tatarstan formed during centuries-old history and richness of objects of historical and cultural heritage in the towns of the Republic of Tatarstan, could be a main component of the new tourism direction. In addition, historical and industrial potential concentrated in the territory of single-industry towns, are an attractive base for guided tours and sightseeing. Creative approach to such form of tourism activity makes it possible to attract both the older people, who remember the tradition of the Komsomol construction projects, and youth not indifferent to the unusual perception of industrial architecture of the Soviet period.
The success of the project depends on the mobilization of state and municipal capacity, and the initiative of local business and citizens. Important role in upgrading the tourist infrastructure in single-industry towns of Tatarstan should play a public-private partnership. In addition, the tourism development in mono-cities of the Republic of Tatarstan will effectively affect their economic, social and cultural appearance.
Construct Validity in Survey-Based Management Accounting and Control Research
Authors: Bedford David S. , Speklé Roland F. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The capacity for survey-based research to advance theoretical knowledge is heavily dependent on the degree to which the measures used capture the constructs that they are intended to represent. Despite the importance of construct validity, the management accounting and control (MAC) literature tends to devote less attention to construct validity than other areas of organizational research. In this article, we discuss contemporary thinking about construct validity and examine how this compares to established practice in MAC research through a systematic review of survey studies from 1996 to 2015. Based on this review, we identify four areas where greater attention is warranted: specifying construct dimensionality, justifying the choice of the measurement model, distinguishing between causal indicators and composite indicators in formative measurement models, and being judicious in the use of single item measures. We discuss the implications of each issue and provide suggestions on how they can be addressed.
Pengembangan dan Validasi Counselor Knowledge & Competences Post Disaster Inventory (CKCPDI) untuk Mengukur Kompetensi Konselor Pasca Bencana
Authors: Ifdil Ifdil , Ghani Faizah Abd 
Published: January 2018

There search objective was to develop and validation of the inventory; Counselor Knowledge & Competences Post Disaster Inventory (CKCPDI). The sample used 44 kauselor in Indonesia. Validation constructs, person and reliability using RASCH Model analysis. The results from the item analysis showed that 56 items were tested usefully. The reliability coefficient Cronbach (KR-20) of CKCPDI was. 84. It concluded that the validity of CKCPDI was satisfying interm soft the measure of the Counselor Knowledge & Competences Post Disaster, and the construct of CKCPDI can be helpful and applicable for a counselor and ready used for the other research.
Haig KHATCHADOURIAN
Authors: HOVHANNISYAN Hasmik 
Published: January 2018

In 2016, the world of Philosophy lost a tremendous and tireless scholar with the passing of Professor Haig Khatchadourian.
Haig Khatchadourian, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee from the late 1960’s until 1994, was educated at the American University of Beirut (B.A. and M.A.) and at Duke University (Ph.D.). He also taught at the American University of Beirut (1948-49, 1956-68), Melkonian Educational Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus (1950-1951), Haigazian College, Beirut (1951-52), the University of Southern California (1968-69), and was a Visiting Professor at the University of Hawaii-Manoa (1976-77) and a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of New Mexico-Albuquerque (1978-79). His areas of specialization included: Aesthetics and Philosophy of the Arts, Ethics, Philosophy of Language, Political Philosophy, and Social Philosophy, among others. He was a member of learned societies and presented papers at international conferences from 1958 to 2007. He participated in the Harvard International Seminar (summer, 1962) and was a Liberal Arts Fellow in Philosophy and Law at Harvard Law School (1982-3). He received numerous honors and awards, including Outstanding Educators of America Award, 2,000 Intellectuals of the 20th Century and 2,000 Outstanding Academics of the 21st Century. He published 19 books and at least 94 articles. His most recent book is How to Do Things with Silence.