bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and barriers to providing dietary advice: perceptions of dental hygienists and oral health therapists
Authors: Hayes MJ , Wallace JP , Coxon A 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesEffective dietary counselling in a dental setting can significantly reduce the risk of oral disease. However, studies suggest that dental professionals are not instigating dietary advice on a regular basis, and there is a lack of current information of the barriers experienced that limit the delivery of dietary advice. The aim of this study was to investigate the current attitudes and practice behaviours of dental hygienists and oral health therapists in NSW, Australia, regarding dietary advice, and identify the barriers that limit its delivery.MethodsA convenience sample of dental hygienists and oral health therapists were surveyed using a mail‐out questionnaire. The questionnaire investigated the demographic data of participants, the attitudes and practice behaviours of participants, the perceived barriers and current dietary resources accessed by participants.ResultsOf 987 dental hygienists and oral health therapists, 426 participants responded. The study results suggest that many dental hygienists and oral health therapists have positive beliefs regarding the importance of dietary counselling. However, there are a multitude of barriers preventing the delivery of dietary advice; these include time, patient compliance, patient knowledge of nutrition topics, personal counselling skills and practitioners’ knowledge of nutrition.ConclusionWhilst dental hygienists and oral health therapists recognize the importance of diet and have positive attitudes towards providing dietary advice to patients, this study identified many barriers preventing implementation in practice. This information may be used to develop targeted strategies aimed at overcoming these barriers and improving behaviours.
Incidence and etiology of hospitalized acute respiratory infections in the Egyptian Delta
Authors: Rowlinson Emily , Dueger Erica , Mansour Adel , Azzazy Nahed , Mansour Hoda , Peters Lisa , Rosenstock Summer , Hamid Sarah , Said Mayar M. , Geneidy Mohamed , Abd Allah Monier , Kandeel Amr 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionAcute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are responsible for nearly two million childhood deaths worldwide. A limited number of studies have been published on the epidemiology of viral respiratory pathogens in Egypt.MethodsA total of 6113 hospitalized patients >1 month of age with suspected ARI were enrolled between June 23, 2009 and December 31, 2013. Naso‐ and oropharyngeal specimens were collected and tested for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1–3. Blood specimens from children 1–11 months were cultured and bacterial growth was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results from a healthcare utilization survey on the proportion of persons seeking care for ARI was used to calculate adjusted ARI incidence rates in the surveillance population.ResultsThe proportion of patients with a viral pathogen detected decreased with age from 67% in patients age 1–11 months to 19% in patients ≥65 years of age. Influenza was the dominant viral pathogen detected in patients ≥1 year of age (13.9%). The highest incidence rates for hospitalized ARI were observed in children 1–11 months (1757.9–5537.5/100 000 population) and RSV was the most commonly detected pathogen in this age group.ConclusionIn this study population, influenza is the largest viral contributor to hospitalized ARIs and children 1–11 months of age experience a high rate of ARI hospitalizations. This study highlights a need for surveillance of additional viral pathogens and alternative detection methods for bacterial pathogens, which may reveal a substantial proportion of as yet unidentified etiologies in adults.
Community Involvement of Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Their Experiences and Perspectives on Inclusion
Authors: Hall Sarah A. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundInclusion in the community is essential to enhancing a person's quality of life. Although people with intellectual disabilities have a desire to be more involved in activities, they experience barriers that limit their inclusion.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to describe the community involvement of young adults with intellectual disability. I interviewed fourteen young adults with intellectual disability to explore their involvement in work, recreation and leisure activities.FindingsFour themes emerged from the data: vocational endeavours, leisure pursuits, social inclusion and supports. The contexts of their experiences either facilitated or hindered their community involvement.ConclusionsThe community involvement of young adults with intellectual disability varies depending on the opportunities and supports available to them. Their inclusion in the community may be enhanced by additional transportation options, continuing education in vocational and social skills, personalized guidance from group members and environments that are welcoming to people with disabilities.
The Role of Executive Control and Readiness to Change in Problematic Drinkers with Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability
Authors: van Duijvenbode Neomi , Didden Robert , Korzilius Hubert P. L. M. , Engels Rutger C. M. E. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundProblematic alcohol use is associated with neuropsychological consequences, including cognitive biases. The goal of the study was to explore the moderating role of executive control and readiness to change on the relationship between alcohol use and cognitive biases in light and problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID).MethodParticipants (N = 112) performed the visual dot probe task to measure the strength of the cognitive biases. Executive control was measured using two computerised tasks for working memory capacity (Corsi block‐tapping task) and inhibitory control (Go/No‐go task). Readiness to change was measured using the Readiness to Change Questionnaire.ResultsNo cognitive biases or executive dysfunctions were found in problematic drinkers. Working memory capacity and inhibitory control were impaired among individuals with MBID, irrespective of severity of alcohol use‐related problems. Executive control and readiness to change did not moderate the relationship between alcohol use and cognitive biases.ConclusionThe results fail to support the dual‐process models of addiction, but results need to be treated with caution given the problematic psychometric qualities of the visual dot probe task. Implementing a neurocognitive assessment and protocols in the treatment of substance use disorders seems premature.
Out‐of‐Tibet: the spatio‐temporal evolution of Gentiana (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Favre Adrien , Michalak Ingo , Chen Chih‐Hsiung , Wang Jenn‐Che , Pringle James S. , Matuszak Sabine , Sun Hang , Yuan Yong‐Ming , Struwe Lena , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimWe investigated the historical biogeography and diversification of Gentiana L. (Gentianaceae). Our study depicts the origin and dispersal routes of this alpine genus, and the role of the uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and past climate changes as triggers for its diversification.LocationTibeto‐Himalayan region and world‐wide mountain habitats.MethodsOur sampling represents more than 50% of the extant Gentiana species, including all sections across their entire geographical ranges. We investigated the evolutionary history of Gentiana using phylogenetic reconstructions (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) of ITS, atpB–rbcL and trnL–trnF sequences, as well as molecular dating with beast. We tested two approaches of ancestral area reconstructions (DEC, DIVA) in BioGeoBEARS and investigated diversification rates using BAMM.ResultsThe common ancestor of Gentiana and subtribe Gentianinae lived in the QTP region at around 34 (25–45) million years ago (Ma), and 40 (29–52) Ma respectively. From the surroundings of the QTP, Gentiana lineages dispersed to eastern China, Taiwan, Europe, North and South America, Australia and New Guinea, from mid‐Miocene onward (c. 15 Ma–present), with only one older dispersal event to Europe (c. 37–21 Ma). Diversification rates gradually increased over time, and two switches of diversification rates were identified in Gentianinae (c. 7 Ma, simultaneously in the Pneumonanthe/Cruciata lineage and in Tripterospermum).Main conclusionsGentiana existed in the QTP region throughout most of its uplift history following the India‐Asia collision. This region acted as the primary source area for dispersals to many areas of the world. Because steady increase in diversification rates coincides with the extension of the QTP, we argue that the museum theory rather than the explosive radiation theory prevails for gentians in this region, although rare shifts of diversification rates are associated with niche shifts across the alpine/subalpine ecotone.
Reducing Radiation Exposure During CRT Implant Procedures: Single‐Center Experience With Low‐Dose Fluoroscopy Settings and a Sensor‐Based Navigation System (MediGuide)
Authors: THIBAULT BERNARD , MONDÉSERT BLANDINE , MACLE LAURENT , DUBUC MARC , DYRDA KATIA , TALAJIC MARIO , ROY DENIS , RIVARD LÉNA , GUERRA PETER G. , ANDRADE JASON G. , KHAIRY PAUL 
Published: July 2016

Sensor‐Based Navigation and CRT ImplantationIntroductionCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implant procedures are often complex and prolonged, resulting in substantial ionizing radiation (IR) exposure to the patient and operator. We assessed the impact of lower‐dose fluoroscopy settings and a sensor‐based electromagnetic tracking system (MediGuide™, MDG) on reducing IR exposure during CRT implantation.MethodsA single‐center 2‐group cohort study was conducted on 348 consecutive patients, age 66.4 ± 11.0 years, 80.4% male, with CRT implant procedures from 2013 to 2015. Patients were arbitrarily assigned to MDG (N = 239) versus no MDG (N = 109) guidance. Lower‐dose fluoroscopy settings were adopted in January 2015 (3 instead of 6 fps; 23 instead of 40 nGy/pulse; N = 101).ResultsOverall, MDG was associated with an 82.1% reduction in IR exposure (393 μGray·m2 vs. 2191 μGray·m2, P < 0.001). Lower‐dose fluoroscopy resulted in a 59.5% reduction in IR‐exposure without MDG (1055 μGray·m2 vs. 2608 μGray·m2, P < 0.001) and 81.8% reduction with MDG (108 μGray·m2 vs. 595 μGray·m2, P < 0.001). Low‐dose fluoroscopy combined with MDG was associated with a 95.9% lower exposure to IR when compared to standard fluoroscopy without MDG (108 μGray·m2 vs. 2608 μGray·m2, P < 0.001). Procedures with MDG were shorter (96 minutes vs. 123 minutes, P < 0.001) and associated with a trend towards a higher success rate (94.6% vs. 89.0%, P = 0.062), with fewer coronary sinus cannulation failures (2.1% vs. 6.4%, P = 0.040).ConclusionLow‐dose fluoroscopy settings are highly effective (>50%) in reducing IR exposure during CRT implant procedures. When combined with MDG, >95% reduction in IR exposure is achieved. Moreover, MDG shortens procedural duration and may improve acute procedural outcomes.
Oxidative stress induces transient O‐GlcNAc elevation and tau dephosphorylation in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Kátai Emese , Pál József , Poór Viktor Soma , Purewal Rupeena , Miseta Attila , Nagy Tamás 
Published: July 2016

AbstractO‐linked β‐N‐acetlyglucosamine or O‐GlcNAc modification is a dynamic post‐translational modification occurring on the Ser/Thr residues of many intracellular proteins. The chronic imbalance between phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAc on tau protein is considered as one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, many studies also showed that O‐GlcNAc levels can elevate upon acute stress and suggested that this might facilitate cell survival. However, many consider chronic stress, including oxidative damage as a major risk factor in the development of the disease. In this study, using the neuronal cell line SH‐SY5Y we investigated the dynamic nature of O‐GlcNAc after treatment with 0.5 mM H2O2 for 30 min. to induce oxidative stress. We found that overall O‐GlcNAc quickly increased and reached peak level at around 2 hrs post‐stress, then returned to baseline levels after about 24 hrs. Interestingly, we also found that tau protein phosphorylation at site S262 showed parallel, whereas at S199 and PHF1 sites showed inverse dynamic to O‐Glycosylation. In conclusion, our results show that temporary elevation in O‐GlcNAc modification after H2O2‐induced oxidative stress is detectable in cells of neuronal origin. Furthermore, oxidative stress changes the dynamic balance between O‐GlcNAc and phosphorylation on tau proteins.
Lactococcus garvieae outbreaks in Brazilian farms Lactococcosis in Pseudoplatystoma sp. – development of an autogenous vaccine as a control strategy
Authors: Fukushima H C S , Leal C A G , Cavalcante R B , Figueiredo H C P , Arijo S , Moriñigo M A , Ishikawa M , Borra R C , Ranzani‐Paiva M J T 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated the control of streptococcosis outbreaks in Brazil, isolated from diseased sorubim and identified as Lactococcus garvieae by genetic sequencing. This report determined the potential for lactococcosis control in sorubim Pseudoplatystoma sp. with two vaccines: an aqueous‐based, whole‐cell inactivated vaccine (bacterin) and an oil‐adjuvanted bacterin. Their efficacy was evaluated at 30 days post‐vaccination (d.p.v.) by challenge with L. garvieae, and the antibody production response at 15, 30 and 60 d.p.v. and the non‐specific immune response were compared amongst treatments. High protection levels (P < 0.05) were achieved with the oil‐adjuvanted vaccine with a relative percentage survival value of 81.7% at 30 d.p.v. Additionally, the oil‐adjuvanted vaccine increased the immunogenicity of the bacterin as indicated by greater agglutination antibody titres from 15 until 60 d.p.v. This is the first report of a positive effect of vaccine administration on the specific immunity of sorubim, and the study showed that a specific antibody plays an important role in sorubim defence against lactococcosis because the innate immune responses were similar in all of the studied animals. These results demonstrated that oil‐adjuvanted vaccine can be an effective alternative for the protection of sorubim from L. garvieae disease.
Production and Evaluation of Type of Multi‐Layer Active Film for Packaging of Pasteurized Milk
Authors: Haghighi‐Manesh Soroush , Azizi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectives: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial films on the shelf life of pasteurized milk. Methods: A natural antimicrobial agent, cinnamaldehyde, was incorporated in 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2% concentrations in the middle layer of low density polyethylene (LDPE) three layer films by an extrusion process. Thickness of the inner layer were adjusted to 30 µm, 45 µm, and 60 µm and 2% PEG were added to some of the inner layer formulations. Active pillow packaging (5 cm × 7 cm) with 16 different formulas were obtained from the fabricated three layered active films by thermo‐welding process and filled with pasteurized milk and stored at 4°C for 9 days. In order to see the effect of the active films on pasteurized milk quality, changes in total microbial counts monitored during the storage period. Results: During extrusion process, the mass loss of cinnamaldehyde were six times lowered when it was entrapped in the polymer matrix. All types of fabricated active films contributed to a reduction of total CFU growth rates in the pasteurized milk, when compared to plain (control) PE film, but the films coated with a thinner inner layer and films containing 2% PEG in the inner layers had a more pronounced effect than did the other films in inhibiting bacterial growth. Moreover, considering the five point hedonic scale sensory tests, film formulation number OM2I4 selected as the best one and its physical properties were compared to the control film.Practical ApplicationsConsidering the daily high usage of pasteurized milk in most countries and regarding the short shelf life and perishable properties of this food product, using of multi‐layer active films containing cinnamaldehyde (a natural antimicrobial) for packaging of pasteurized milk can extend its typical shelf life (4 days) to 6 days at 4°C of storage.
TRPV1 receptor in the human trigeminal ganglion and spinal nucleus: immunohistochemical localization and comparison with the neuropeptides CGRP and SP
Authors: Quartu Marina , Serra Maria Pina , Boi Marianna , Poddighe Laura , Picci Cristina , Demontis Roberto , Del Fiacco Marina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis work presents new data concerning the immunohistochemical occurrence of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 (TRPV1) receptor in the human trigeminal ganglion (TG) and spinal nucleus of subjects at different ontogenetic stages, from prenatal life to postnatal old age. Comparisons are made with the sensory neuropeptides calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). TRPV1‐like immunoreactive (LI) material was detected by western blot in homogenates of TG and medulla oblongata of subjects at prenatal and adult stages of life. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression of the TRPV1 receptor is mostly restricted to the small‐ and medium‐sized TG neurons and to the caudal subdivision of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5C). The extent of the TRPV1‐LI TG neuronal subpopulation was greater in subjects at early perinatal age than at late perinatal age and in postnatal life. Centrally, the TRPV1 receptor localized to fibre tracts and punctate elements, which were mainly distributed in the spinal tract, lamina I and inner lamina II of the Sp5C, whereas stained cells were rare. The TRPV1 receptor colocalized partially with CGRP and SP in the TG, and was incompletely codistributed with both neuropeptides in the spinal tract and in the superficial laminae of the Sp5C. Substantial differences were noted with respect to the distribution of the TRPV1‐LI structures described in the rat Sp5C and with respect to the temporal expression of the receptor during the development of the rat spinal dorsal horn. The distinctive localization of TRPV1‐LI material supports the concept of the involvement of TRPV1 receptor in the functional activity of the protopathic compartment of the human trigeminal sensory system, i.e. the processing and neurotransmission of thermal and pain stimuli.
International Prostate Symptom ScoreShould Be Considered a Complement Rather Than a Substitute to Generic Preference‐Based Measures for MeasuringLower Urinary Tract SymptomsWithin Economic Evaluation
Authors: MPUNDU‐KAAMBWA Christine , KAAMBWA Billingsley , APPLETON Sarah , MARTIN Sean , WITTERT Gary , ADAMS Robert 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the suitability of using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), a condition‐specific instrument, within economic evaluation of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) interventions.MethodsData were obtained from a cohort of 2236 community‐dwelling Australian men. Using correlations and a modifiedBland–Altmanplot, we investigated the convergent validity of theIPSSwith two generic quality of life (GQol) instruments: the Assessment of Quality ofLife 4 Dimensions (AQoL‐4D) and the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36). Discriminant validity was investigated usingWilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallistests, comparing instrument scores and utilities between subgroups varying in age, marital status, history of illness, smoking status and self‐assessed general health.ResultsDiscriminant validity was confirmed for all instruments by finding statistically significant differences in summary scores and utilities between nearly all subgroups. Convergent validity between the summary scores/utilities of theIPSSand theGQoLinstruments was weak (absolute correlation value range, 0.11–0.23) but differed considerably between dimensions of the instruments (absolute correlation value range, 0.01–0.24). Weak to moderate correlation between theGQoLinstruments was seen (absolute correlation value range, 0.01–0.49).ConclusionOur findings suggest that theIPSShas comparable discriminant validity to theGQoLinstruments and therefore useful for assessing subgroup differences related to urinary symptoms. The weak convergence between theIPSSand theGQoLinstruments however suggests that, within economic evaluation, theIPSSshould be viewed as a complement rather than a substitute to theGQoLinstruments because it captures different quality of life constructs.
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala spinifera in a European patient with lymphoma: a rare occurrence case report and literature review
Authors: Bohelay G. , Robert S. , Bouges‐Michel C. , Gerin M. , Levy A. , Fain O. , Caux F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryExophiala spinifera is a dematiaceous fungus responsible for rare skin infections presenting as phaeohyphomycosis or chromoblastomycosis which has been primarily reported in tropical and subtropical areas (Asia, South and North America). We report the first case of E. spinifera phaeohyphomycosis in a European patient. The phaeohyphomycosis was limited to the skin, involving the finger of an immunocompromised patient presenting with a large B‐cell lymphoma treated by R‐mini‐CHOP regimen. Remission was initially achieved by surgical excision; however, a local subcutaneous relapse required treatment with itraconazole. We performed a literature review of the 32 previously published cases of E. spinifera phaeohyphomycosis highlighting its clinical phenotype: disseminated infection with extracutaneous involvement and poor prognosis were reported in young patients, of whom some were recently associated with CARD9 mutations, whereas cases in older immunocompromised patients were limited to the skin and showed better prognosis. There is currently no standard treatment for E. spinifera phaeohyphomycosis; however, itraconazole, alone or in combination, allowed partial or complete response in 16 out of 20 cases.
Esophagogastric junction distensibility identifies achalasia subgroup with manometrically normal esophagogastric junction relaxation
Authors: Ponds F. A. , Bredenoord A. J. , Kessing B. F. , Smout A. J. P. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundManometric criteria to diagnose achalasia are absent peristalsis and incomplete relaxation of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), determined by an integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) >15 mm Hg. However, EGJ relaxation seems normal in a subgroup of patients with typical symptoms of achalasia, no endoscopic abnormalities, stasis on timed barium esophagogram (TBE), and absent peristalsis on high‐resolution manometry (HRM). The aim of our study was to further characterize these patients by measuring EGJ distensibility and assessing the effect of achalasia treatment.MethodsImpedance planimetry (EndoFLIP) was used to measure EGJ distensibility and compared to previous established data of 15 healthy subjects. In case the EGJ distensibility was impaired, achalasia treatment followed. Eckardt score, HRM, TBE, and EGJ distensibility measurements were repeated >3 months after treatment.Key ResultsWe included 13 patients (5 male; age 19–59 years) with typical symptoms of achalasia, Eckardt score of 7 (5–7). High‐resolution manometry showed absent peristalsis with low basal EGJ pressure of 10 (5.8–12.9) mm Hg and IRP of 9.3 (6.1–12) mm Hg. Esophageal stasis was 4.6 (2.7–6.9) cm after 5 minutes. Esophagogastric junction distensibility was significantly reduced in patients compared to healthy subjects (0.8 [0.7–1.2] mm2/mm Hg vs 6.3 [3.8–8.7] mm2/mm Hg). Treatment significantly improved the Eckardt score (7 [5–7] to 2 [1–3.5]) and EGJ distensibility (0.8 [0.7–1.2] mm2/mm Hg to 3.5 [1.5–6.1] mm2/mm Hg).Conclusions & InferencesA subgroup of patients with clinical and radiological features of achalasia but manometrically normal EGJ relaxation has an impaired EGJ distensibility and responds favorably to achalasia treatment. Our data suggest that this condition can be considered as achalasia and treated as such.