bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated pipelines for spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Allende Prieto C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Gaia mission will have a profound impact on our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way. Gaia is providing an exhaustive census of stellar parallaxes, proper motions, positions, colors and radial velocities, but also leaves some glaring holes in an otherwise complete data set. The radial velocities measured with the on‐board highresolution spectrograph will only reach some 10 % of the full sample of stars with astrometry and photometry from the mission, and detailed chemical information will be obtained for less than 1 %. Teams all over the world are organizing large‐scale projects to provide complementary radial velocities and chemistry, since this can now be done very efficiently from the ground thanks to large and mid‐size telescopes with a wide field‐of‐view and multi‐object spectrographs. As a result, automated data processing is taking an ever increasing relevance, and the concept is applying to many more areas, from targeting to analysis. In this paper, I provide a quick overview of recent, ongoing, and upcoming spectroscopic surveys, and the strategies adopted in their automated analysis pipelines.
Hydrodynamical model atmospheres: Their impact on stellar spectroscopy and asteroseismology of late‐type stars
Authors: Ludwig H.‐G. , Steffen M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHydrodynamical, i.e. multi‐dimensional and time‐dependent, model atmospheres of late‐type stars have reached a high level of realism. They are commonly applied in high‐fidelity work on stellar abundances but also allow the study of processes that are not modelled in standard, one‐dimensional hydrostatic model atmospheres. Here, we discuss two observational aspects that emerge from such processes, the photometric granulation background and the spectroscopic microturbulence. We use CO5BOLD hydrodynamical model atmospheres to characterize the total granular brightness fluctuations and characteristic time scale for FGK stars. Emphasis is put on the diagnostic potential of the granulation background for constraining the fundamental atmospheric parameters. We find a clear metallicity dependence of the granulation background. The comparison between the model predictions and available observational constraints at solar metallicity shows significant differences, that need further clarification. Concerning microturbulence, we report on the derivation of a theoretical calibration based on CO5BOLD models, which shows good correspondence with the measurements for stars in the Hyades. We emphasize the importance of a consistent procedure when determining the microturbulence, and point to limitations of the commonly applied description of microturbulence in hydrostatic model atmospheres.
Characterizing high‐latitude K dwarfs and giants with Sloan SDSS colors and Kepler 2 light curves
Authors: Peterson R. C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis work describes how Sloan SDSS ugr colors and emphKepler 2 (K2) light curves can go a long way towards identifying and characterizing two unbiased tracers of the halo population, K dwarfs ∼1 kpc distant and red K giants of the remote halo, without additional spectroscopy. We first compare observed stellar effective temperatures Teff and dereddened (g –r)0 colors for K stars to Castelli & Kurucz (2003) models. This shows that in lightly‐reddened halo fields, Teff is determined to 150K for K dwarfs (and to 100 K for K giants) from (g –r)0 alone. We then consider the u –g vs. g –r diagram for K stars with 15 < r < 18.5 in the K2 field C8 at l ∼ 129°.4, b ∼ –57°.4. The high‐quality Bhatti et al. (2010) photometry in the Stripe 82 region of C8 suggests 99% are likely to be K dwarfs, located at a height z ∼ 750 pc above the plane of the Galaxy. The metallicity sensitivity of the u –g vs. g –r diagram reveals that most of these K dwarfs have [Fe/H] > –1.0 and [α/Fe] ∼ 0, which is typical for their Galactic distance and position (Hayden et al. 2015, Fig. 4). Finally, we suggest Kepler 2 as an efficient way to identify the trace population of remote K giants, using asteroseismology rather than spectroscopy. In giants but not in dwarfs, p‐mode oscillations like those of the Sun occur at frequencies detectable at long cadence. To reduce dwarf contamination, we have proposed K giant targets for K2 that are largely restricted to the u –g vs. g –r region where most cool red giants fall but few dwarfs do. The metallicity bias so introduced is small compared to that of previous wide‐field surveys such as SEGUE (Xue et al. 2014). Although halo giants are rare, K2 imaging of the halo fields C8 and C10 with SDSS photometry could locate and estimate [Fe/H] for 50 to 100 red giants > 50 kpc distant.
The PLATO Mission
Authors: Rauer H. , Aerts C. , Cabrera J. , PLATO Team  
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present the current status of the PLATO space mission, which is currently in its design phase. A brief overview of its capabilities is given, after introducing the core science goals of the mission. We also present the amount of observing time offered to the community as Guest Observer program. This will allow a wealth of complementary science in many areas of astro‐physics, ranging from stellar to extragalactic science and covering variability phenomena with time scales from a few seconds to years.
Is intraoperative frozen section analysis of the proximal bile ducts in hilar cholangiocarcinoma of limited value?
Authors: Ma Wen‐Jie , Shrestha Anuj , Li Fu‐Yu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMantel et al. showed that the use of intraoperative frozen section analysis of the proximal bile ducts has a limited contribution in obtaining secondary R0 resections and final resection status had no impact on recurrence rate in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of intraoperative frozen section analysis were determined by the specific pathologic features of the tumor and the different experienced pathologists in different pathology laboratories. It has been demonstrated that tumor‐free resection margin (R0) is the most prognostic factor for survival, as well as the only factor that can be modified by the surgeons. Ribero et al. reported an improvement in prognosis was found in the secondary R0 group. As the conclusion given by Mantel et al. and Shingu et al., which is contrary to Ribero et al. Before the real role of intraoperative frozen section in the analysis of the margin of proximal bile ducts in treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma is concluded, further studies are still needed.
Genome methylation patterns across castes and generations in a parasitoid wasp
Authors: Shaham Roei , Ben‐Shlomo Rachel , Motro Uzi , Keasar Tamar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEnvironmental influences shape phenotypes within and across generations, often through DNA methylations that modify gene expression. Methylations were proposed to mediate caste and task allocation in some eusocial insects, but how an insect's environment affects DNA methylation in its offspring is yet unknown. We characterized parental effects on methylation profiles in the polyembryonic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma koehleri, as well as methylation patterns associated with its simple caste system. We used methylation‐sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism (MS‐AFLP) to compare methylation patterns, among (1) reproductive and soldier larvae; and (2) offspring (larvae, pupae, and adults) of wasps that were reared at either high or low larval density and mated in the four possible combinations. Methylation frequencies were similar across castes, but the profiles of methylated fragments differed significantly. Parental rearing density did not affect methylation frequencies in the offspring at any developmental stage. Principal coordinate analysis indicated no significant differences in methylation profiles among the four crossbreeding groups and the three developmental stages. Nevertheless, a clustering analysis, performed on a subset of the fragments, revealed similar methylation patterns in larvae, pupae, and adults in two of the four parental crosses. Nine fragments were methylated at two cytosine sites in all larvae, and five others were methylated at two sites in all adults. Thus, DNA methylations correlate with within‐generation phenotypic plasticity due to caste. However, their association with developmental stage and with transgenerational epigenetic effects is not clearly supported.
Reduced snow cover alters root‐microbe interactions and decreases nitrification rates in a northern hardwood forest
Authors: Sorensen Patrick O. , Templer Pamela H. , Christenson Lynn , Duran Jorge , Fahey Timothy , Fisk Melany C. , Groffman Peter M. , Morse Jennifer L. , Finzi Adrien C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSnow cover is projected to decline during the next century in many ecosystems that currently experience a seasonal snowpack. Because snow insulates soils from frigid winter air temperatures, soils are expected to become colder and experience more winter soil freeze‐thaw cycles as snow cover continues to decline. Tree roots are adversely affected by snowpack reduction, but whether loss of snow will affect root‐microbe interactions remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to distinguish and attribute direct (e.g., winter snow‐ and/or soil frost‐mediated) vs. indirect (e.g., root‐mediated) effects of winter climate change on microbial biomass, the potential activity of microbial exoenzymes, and net N mineralization and nitrification rates. Soil cores were incubatedin situin nylon mesh that either allowed roots to grow into the soil core (2 mm pore size) or excluded root ingrowth (50 μm pore size) for up to 29 months along a natural winter climate gradient at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,NH(USA). Microbial biomass did not differ among ingrowth or exclusion cores. Across sampling dates, the potential activities of cellobiohydrolase, phenol oxidase, and peroxidase, and net N mineralization rates were more strongly related to soil volumetric water content (P < 0.05;R2 = 0.25–0.46) than to root biomass, snow or soil frost, or winter soil temperature (R2 < 0.10). Root ingrowth was positively related to soil frost (P < 0.01;R2 = 0.28), suggesting that trees compensate for overwinter root mortality caused by soil freezing by re‐allocating resources towards root production. At the sites with the deepest snow cover, root ingrowth reduced nitrification rates by 30% (P < 0.01), showing that tree roots exert significant influence over nitrification, which declines with reduced snow cover. If soil freezing intensifies over time, then greater compensatory root growth may reduce nitrification rates directly via plant‐microbe N competition and indirectly through a negative feedback on soil moisture, resulting in lower N availability to trees in northern hardwood forests.
Coupling behavior of shear deformation and end rotation of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings
Authors: Ishii Ken , Kikuchi Masaru , Nishimura Takuya , Black Cameron J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a mechanical model for predicting the behavior of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings subject to combined end rotations and shear deformation. The mechanical model consists of a series of axial springs at the top, mid‐height and bottom of the bearing to vertically reproduce asymmetric bending moment distribution in the bearings. The model can take into account end rotations of the bearing, and the overall rotational stiffness includes the effect of the variation of vertical load on the bearing and the imposed shear deformation. Static bending tests under various combinations of vertical load and shear deformation were performed to identify the mechanical characteristics of bearings. The test results indicate that bearing rotational stiffness increases with increasing vertical load but decreases with increasing shear deformation. Simulation analyses were conducted to validate the new mechanical model. The results of analyses using the new model show very good agreement with experimental observations. A series of seismic response analyses were performed to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of top‐of‐column isolated structures, a configuration where the end rotations of isolation bearings are typically expected to be larger. The results suggest that the end rotations of elastomeric bearings used in practical top‐of‐column isolated structures do not reduce the stability limit of isolation system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multilevel compressed block decomposition–based finite‐element domain decomposition method for the fast analysis of finite periodic structures
Authors: Wan Ting , Jiang Zhaoneng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn efficient finite‐element domain decomposition method based on the multilevel compressed block decomposition (MLCBD) algorithm is presented. The dual‐primal finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI‐DP) method is first introduced to generate a nonoverlapping domain decomposition method with good convergence properties. A second‐order transmission condition is adopted to further accelerate the convergence rate of the FETI‐DP. With the MLCBD algorithm, the computational complexity for the direct solution of FETI‐DP subdomain equations can be reduced to be almost logarithmic linear. The accuracy of the MLCBD algorithm is highly adjustable according to practical requirements. Exploiting the repetitiveness of finite periodic structures, the proposed method can significantly reduce the computational costs. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the electromagnetic simulation of finite periodic structures.
Antimicrobial and Antitumor Screening of Fluorescent 5,7‐Dihydroxy‐4‐Propyl‐2H‐Chromen‐2‐One Derivatives with Docking Studies
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Alsaggaf Azhaar T , Okasha Rawda M. , Ahmed Hany E. A. , Bissessur Rabin , Abdelghani Amani A. , Afifi Tarek H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA series of novel fluorescent 5,7‐dihydroxy‐4‐propyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one derivatives (2a–j) were synthesized and were found to absorb around 322 and 410 nm.All compounds except the nitro‐containing compound exhibited emission wavelengths around 450 nm with good fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF). Their antimicrobial activity was investigated and tested against several human pathogen Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria and fungi as well as mycobacterium using agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported. All compounds showed significantly potent antimicrobial activities against most bacterial strains compared to reference drugs. Due to their structural similarity to reference drugs clorobiocin and novobiocin, the docking experiments in the ATP binding pocket of DNA gyrase B enzyme revealed that the compounds mostly have the same binding mode as the reference drugs. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against four different human cell lines and exhibited more potency than the reference drug.
Ligand‐dependent ribozymes
Authors: Felletti Michele , Hartig Jörg S. 
Published: September 2016

The discovery of catalytic RNA (ribozymes) more than 30 years ago significantly widened the horizon of RNA‐based functions in natural systems. Similarly to the activity of protein enzymes that are often modulated by the presence of an interaction partner, some examples of naturally occurring ribozymes are influenced by ligands that can either act as cofactors or allosteric modulators. Recent discoveries of new and widespread ribozyme motifs in many different genetic contexts point toward the existence of further ligand‐dependent RNA catalysts. In addition to the presence of ligand‐dependent ribozymes in nature, researchers have engineered ligand dependency into natural and artificial ribozymes. Because RNA functions can often be assembled in a truly modular way, many different systems have been obtained utilizing different ligand‐sensing domains and ribozyme activities in diverse applications. We summarize the occurrence of ligand‐dependent ribozymes in nature and the many examples realized by researchers that engineered ligand‐dependent catalytic RNA motifs. We will also highlight methods for obtaining ligand dependency as well as discuss the many interesting applications of ligand‐controlled catalytic RNAs. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1395. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1395This article is categorized under:

RNA-Based Catalysis > RNA–Mediated Cleavage
RNA-Based Catalysis > Miscellaneous RNA–Catalyzed Reactions
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Riboswitches
How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with a Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: a Review—Part 3. Practical Procedures to Optimize the Laboratory Research According to the Current State of the Art in Surfactant Mixing
Authors: Salager Jean‐Louis , Forgiarini Ana M. , Rondón Miguel J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe minimum interfacial tension to be reached in enhanced oil recovery by surfactant flooding implies the attainment of a so‐called optimum formulation. Part 1 of the present review showed that this formulation may be described as a numerical correlation between the involved variables defining the oil, the water, the surfactant and the temperature. Since it is unlikely to find a single surfactant matching the crude/brine/T/P system characteristic of a reservoir, a mixture of at least two surfactant species is always used. The scan technique method to test the mixing requires about ten interfacial tension or phase behavior experiments and results in a single data. Hence, the scan experiments have to be repeated many times to find a minimum tension which is low enough, e.g. 0.001 mN/m, for the given crude oil‐brine system. Part 2 of this review has shown that there are many formulation variables and thus too many possibilities to easily choose experimental conditions. Since there is no simple method to select two or more surfactant species, the choice is made from partial experience or intuition, and sometimes at random. The laboratory time and cost to reach an appropriate optimum formulation is often excessive. Part 3 of this review shows that by cleverly using a three‐surfactant mixture, the experimental work to attain a very low interfacial tension for a given reservoir case can be considerably reduced. It is a matter of using the available information along a proper sequential step by step path toward the optimum.
TGF-beta receptor mediated telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening and breast cancer cell senescence
Authors: Cassar Lucy , Nicholls Craig , Pinto Alex R , Chen Ruping , Wang Lihui , Li He , Liu Jun-Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHuman telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) plays a central role in telomere lengthening for continuous cell proliferation, but it remains unclear how extracellular cues regulate telomerase lengthening of telomeres. Here we report that the cytokine bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) induces the hTERT gene repression in a BMPRII receptor- and Smad3-dependent manner in human breast cancer cells. Chonic exposure of human breast cancer cells to BMP7 results in short telomeres, cell senescence and apoptosis. Mutation of the BMPRII receptor, but not TGFbRII, ACTRIIA or ACTRIIB receptor, inhibits BMP7-induced repression of the hTERT gene promoter activity, leading to increased telomerase activity, lengthened telomeres and continued cell proliferation. Expression of hTERT prevents BMP7-induced breast cancer cell senescence and apoptosis. Thus, our data suggest that BMP7 induces breast cancer cell aging by a mechanism involving BMPRII receptor- and Smad3-mediated repression of the hTERT gene.
Developing employee socio-technical flexibility in a multigenerational workforce
Authors: Flinchbaugh Carol , Valenzuela Marcus A. , Li Pingshu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper identifies how management’s intentional use of participatory management practices can heighten knowledge sharing across a multigenerational workforce through the presence of socio-technical flexibility. In this conceptualization, we identify the value of socio-technical flexibility to effective employee knowledge sharing in three steps. First, we define the prominent characteristics of the current multigenerational workforce. Second, we define the behavioral characteristics of socio-technical flexibility. Third, we describe how an intentional use of salient management practices, including reverse mentoring, flexible work roles, and self-managed teams optimizes multigenerational talents to enhance employee socio-technical flexibility, which in turn, leads to multigenerational knowledge sharing. We believe that by embracing the benefits of multigenerational workforce, management can take intentional steps to create a workplace that optimizes effective knowledge sharing behaviors for improved service through salient participatory management practices.
La Vía Campesina and the UN Committee on World Food Security: Affected publics and institutional dynamics in the nascent transnational public sphere
Authors: Brem-Wilson Josh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe emergence of the transnational as a site and object of governance has triggered concern amongst both affected publics subject to these effects, and scholars keen to locate the democratic potentials therein. Increasingly, public sphere theory is being promoted as a lens for interrogating the democratic potential of the transnational. However the project of transposing public sphere theory from its Westphalian origins to the transnational has been frustrated by a lack of empirical examples in which the properties of a transnational public sphere can be easily identified. In this article, examining the encounter between La Vía Campesina and the UN Committee on World Food Security, I argue for the existence of a nascent transnational public sphere in the specific domain of transnational food and agricultural policymaking. The existence of this concrete example, I argue, defends public sphere theory’s transnational turn against either the charge of utopianism, or the need to suspend some of the framework’s core conditions in order to accommodate the ‘actually possible’. It also allows us to advance public sphere theory’s empirical research agenda, and in this article I introduce an analytical framework to take this further.
Novel function of FAXDC2 in megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Jin Q , Ren Y , Wang M , Suraneni P K , Li D , Crispino J D , Fan J , Huang Z 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFAXDC2 (fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing 2) is a member of the fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily. Given the important role of fatty acids in megakaryocytes, we have studied the role of this gene in the development of this lineage. Here we show that the expression of FAXDC2 is constantly elevated during megakaryocyte maturation. In contrast, FAXDC2 is significantly downregulated in acute myeloid leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Moreover, FAXDC2 overexpression promotes the differentiation of megakaryocytic cell lines and primary cells, whereas its knockdown disrupts their maturation. Mechanism study shows that FAXDC2 overexpression enhances extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and increases RUNX1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1) expression. FAXDC2 also restores megakaryocytic differentiation in cells exposed to an ERK inhibitor or those expressing a dominant negative form of RUNX1. Finally, FAXDC2 overexpression leads to an increase in sphingolipid GM3 synthase, suggesting a potential role of FAXDC2 in lipid metabolism that increases ERK signaling and facilitates megakaryocyte differentiation. Together, these results show that FAXDC2 plays a novel role in development of megakaryocytes and its dysregulation may contribute to abnormal hematopoietic cell development in leukemia.