bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniaturization of aqueous two‐phase extraction for biological applications: From micro‐tubes to microchannels
Authors: Soares Ruben R. G. , Silva Daniel F. C. , Fernandes Pedro , Azevedo Ana M. , Chu Virginia , Conde João P. , Aires‐Barros M. Raquel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) is a biocompatible liquid‐liquid (L‐L) separation technique that has been under research for several decades towards the purification of biomolecules, ranging from small metabolites to large animal cells. More recently, with the emergence of rapid‐prototyping techniques for fabrication of microfluidic structures with intricate designs, ATPE gained an expanded range of applications utilizing physical phenomena occurring exclusively at the microscale. Today, research is being carried simultaneously in two different volume ranges, mL‐scale (microtubes) and nL‐scale (microchannels). The objective of this review is to give insight into the state of the art at both microtube and microchannel‐scale and to analyze whether miniaturization is currently a competing or divergent technology in a field of applications including bioseparation, bioanalytics, enhanced fermentation processes, catalysis, high‐throughput screening and physical/chemical compartmentalization. From our perspective, both approaches are worthy of investigation and, depending on the application, it is likely that either (i) one of the approaches will eventually become obsolete in particular research areas such as purification at the preparative scale or high‐throughput screening applications; or (ii) both approaches will function as complementing techniques within the bioanalytics field.
Are you willing to pay the price? The impact of corporate social (ir)responsibility on consumer behavior towards national and foreign brands
Authors: Ferreira Aristides I. , Ribeiro Inês 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis research examines how the country of origin (national vs. foreign) affects the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumers' willingness to pay and purchase intention. In the study, we adopted a first‐price sealed bid auction approach, using money in a “real‐world” setting. The results showed that CSR/corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) affects consumer behavior and, particularly, consumers' willingness to pay and purchase intention. The study supports both the moderation hypothesis of country of origin in the relationship between CSR/CSIR and willingness to pay and between CSR/CSIR and purchase intention. In the globalization context, these results have important implications for brands' communication and marketing strategy and can stimulate important insights in organizations. Future research directions and limitations are also discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Selenium‐Based Chiral Chemical Probes for Simultaneous Enantio‐ and Chemosensing of Chiral Carboxylic Acids with Remote Stereogenic Centers by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Shyshkanov Sergey A. , Orlov Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSelenium‐based enantiopure chiral chemical probes have been designed in a modular way starting from available amino alcohols. The probes developed were found to be efficient in chemoselective interaction with carboxylic functions of chiral substrates leading to diastereomeric amide formation and in sensing α‐, β‐, and remote (up to seven bonds away from the carboxylic group) chiral centers by using 77Se NMR spectroscopy. As a result, it was possible to determine the enantiomeric ratio of structurally diverse individual chiral acids including polyfunctional compounds and drugs with high accuracy. An approach to analyzing the crude reaction mixtures has been successfully developed by using bifunctional selenium‐ and fluorine‐containing chiral probes. More importantly, it was revealed that, based on the 77Se NMR data obtained, it is possible to obtain primary information about the location and nature of the substituents at the chiral center (chemo‐ and enantiosensing), which can simplify the structural elucidation of complex compounds. The derivatization procedure takes as little as 5 min and can be performed directly in an NMR tube followed by NMR measurements without any isolation and purification steps.
Biomass‐Derived Renewable Aromatics: Selective Routes and Outlook for p‐Xylene Commercialisation
Authors: Maneffa Andy , Priecel Peter , Lopez‐Sanchez Jose A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMethylbenzenes are among the most important organic chemicals today and, among them, p‐xylene deserves particular attention because of its production volume and its application in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). There is great interest in producing this commodity chemical more sustainably from biomass sources, particularly driven by manufacturers willing to produce more sustainable synthetic fibres and PET bottles for beverages. A renewable source for p‐xylene would allow achieving this goal with minimal disruption to existing processes for PET production. Despite the fact that recently some routes to renewable p‐xylene have been identified, there is no clear consensus on their feasibility or implications. We have critically reviewed the current state‐of‐the‐art with focus on catalytic routes and possible outlook for commercialisation. Pathways to obtain p‐xylene from a biomass‐derived route include methanol‐to‐aromatics (MTA), ethanol dehydration, ethylene dimerization, furan cycloaddition or catalytic fast pyrolysis and hydrotreating of lignin. Some of the processes identified suggest near‐future possibilities, but also more speculative or longer‐term sources for synthesis of p‐xylene are highlighted.
Charge Transport in Two‐Photon Semiconducting Structures for Solar Fuels
Authors: Liu Guohua , Du Kang , Haussener Sophia , Wang Kaiying 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSemiconducting heterostructures are emerging as promising light absorbers and offer effective electron–hole separation to drive solar chemistry. This technology relies on semiconductor composites or photoelectrodes that work in the presence of a redox mediator and that create cascade junctions to promote surface catalytic reactions. Rational tuning of their structures and compositions is crucial to fully exploit their functionality. In this review, we describe the possibilities of applying the two‐photon concept to the field of solar fuels. A wide range of strategies including the indirect combination of two semiconductors by a redox couple, direct coupling of two semiconductors, multicomponent structures with a conductive mediator, related photoelectrodes, as well as two‐photon cells are discussed for light energy harvesting and charge transport. Examples of charge extraction models from the literature are summarized to understand the mechanism of interfacial carrier dynamics and to rationalize experimental observations. We focus on a working principle of the constituent components and linking the photosynthetic activity with the proposed models. This work gives a new perspective on artificial photosynthesis by taking simultaneous advantages of photon absorption and charge transfer, outlining an encouraging roadmap towards solar fuels.
Review of passive heating/cooling systems of buildings
Authors: Gupta Neha , Tiwari Gopal N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this review, an attempt has been made to analyze passive solar heating and cooling concepts along with their effects on performance of a building's thermal management. The concepts of Trombe wall, solarium, evaporative cooling, ventilation, radiative cooling, wind tower, earth air heat exchanger, roof pond, solar shading for buildings, and building‐integrated photovoltaic thermal (BiPVT) systems are extensively covered in this review. Comparison of results by various heating and cooling concepts has been made. It has been observed that direct heating through double‐glazed window saves maximum conventional fuel for thermal heating during winter months. Further, an evaporative cooling is one of the best cooling concepts which is economical too in summer period.
Channel‐planform evolution in four rivers of Olympic National Park, Washington, USA: the roles of physical drivers and trophic cascades
Authors: East Amy E. , Jenkins Kurt J. , Happe Patricia J. , Bountry Jennifer A. , Beechie Timothy J. , Mastin Mark C. , Sankey Joel B. , Randle Timothy J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIdentifying the relative contributions of physical and ecological processes to channel evolution remains a substantial challenge in fluvial geomorphology. We use a 74‐year aerial photographic record of the Hoh, Queets, Quinault, and Elwha Rivers, Olympic National Park, Washington, USA, to investigate whether physical or trophic‐cascade‐driven ecological factors – excessive elk impacts after wolves were extirpated a century ago – are the dominant drivers of channel planform in these gravel‐bed rivers. We find that channel width and braiding show strong relationships with recent flood history. All four rivers widened significantly after having been relatively narrow in the 1970s, consistent with increased flood activity since then. Channel planform also reflects sediment‐supply changes, evident from landslide response on the Elwha River. We surmise that the Hoh River, which shows a multi‐decadal trend toward greater braiding, is adjusting to increased sediment supply associated with rapid glacial retreat. These rivers demonstrate transmission of climatic signals through relatively short sediment‐routing systems that lack substantial buffering by sediment storage. Legacy effects of anthropogenic modification likely also affect the Quinault River planform.We infer no correspondence between channel evolution and elk abundance, suggesting that trophic‐cascade effects in this setting are subsidiary to physical controls on channel morphology. Our findings differ from previous interpretations of Olympic National Park fluvial dynamics and contrast with the classic example of Yellowstone National Park, where legacy effects of elk overuse are apparent in channel morphology; we attribute these differences to hydrologic regime and large‐wood availability. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Oxidative stress and cytotoxic effects of silver ion in mouse lung macrophages J774.1 cells
Authors: Shim Ilseob , Choi Kyunghee , Hirano Seishiro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSilver is commonly used as a disinfectant, and chronic exposure to silver may cause argyria, resulting in a gray–blue discoloration of human skin. However, the mechanism for cellular toxicity of silver has not been well explained. We studied the mode of cell death, the ratio of glutathione disulfide/glutathione, induction of metallothionein and activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in J774.1 cells together with activation of antioxidant responsive element and nuclear factor‐κB in CHO cells following exposure to silver ion (Ag+) to investigate the mechanism by which Ag+ causes lethal effects. Ag+ increased phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal‐regulated, c‐Jun N‐terminal and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases and remarkably increased the ratio of glutathione disulfide/glutathione in both a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that antioxidant responsive element and nuclear factor‐κB were activated following exposure to Ag+. In addition, exposure to Ag+ increased the mRNA and protein levels of metallothionein. We investigated whether or not Ag+ killed J774.1 cells by inducing apoptosis. Ag+ increased the activity of caspase‐3/7 which was abrogated by caspase 3 and pan‐caspase inhibitors. However, these inhibitors did not ameliorate the cytotoxic effects of Ag+, suggesting that Ag+ causes oxidative stress, which leads to necrotic rather than apoptotic cell death in J774.1 cells by decreasing functional sulfhydryl groups including glutathione in the cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microscopic DTI accurately identifies early glioma cell migration: correlation with multimodal imaging in a new glioma stem cell model
Authors: Gimenez Ulysse , Perles‐Barbacaru Adriana‐T. , Millet Arnaud , Appaix Florence , El‐Atifi Michele , Pernet‐Gallay Karin , van der Sanden Boudewijn , Berger François , Lahrech Hana 
Published: September 2016

Monitoring glioma cell infiltration in the brain is critical for diagnosis and therapy. Using a new glioma Glio6 mouse model derived from human stem cells we show how diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may predict glioma cell migration/invasion.In vivo multiparametric MRI was performed at one, two and three months of Glio6 glioma growth (Glio6 (n = 6), sham (n = 3)). This longitudinal study reveals the existence of a time window to study glioma cell/migration/invasion selectively. Indeed, at two months only Glio6 cell invasion was detected, while tumor mass formation, edema, blood–brain barrier leakage and tumor angiogenesis were detected later, at three months.To robustly confirm the potential of DTI for detecting glioma cell migration/invasion, a microscopic 3D‐DTI (80 μm isotropic spatial resolution) technique was developed and applied to fixed mouse brains (Glio6 (n = 6), sham (n = 3)).DTI changes were predominant in the corpus callosum (CC), a known path of cell migration. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and perpendicular diffusivity (D⊥) changes derived from ex vivo microscopic 3D‐DTI were significant at two months of tumor growth. In the caudate putamen an FA increase of +38% (p < 0.001) was observed, while in the CC a − 28% decrease in FA (p < 0.005) and a + 95% increase in D⊥ (p < 0.005) were observed. In the CC, DTI changes and fluorescent Glio6 cell density obtained by two‐photon microscopy in the same brains were correlated (p < 0.001, r = 0.69), validating FA and D⊥ as early quantitative biomarkers to detect glioma cell migration/invasion. The origin of DTI changes was assessed by electron microscopy of the same tract, showing axon bundle disorganization.During the first two months, Glio6 cells display a migratory phenotype without being associated with the constitution of a brain tumor mass. This offers a unique opportunity to apply microscopic 3D‐DTI and to validate DTI parameters FA and D⊥ as biomarkers for glioma cell invasion.
Studies of relationship between polymer structure and hydration environment in amphiphilic polytartaramides
Authors: Chi Yongmei , Xu Songjie , Xu Xin , Cao Yuting , Dong Jian 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe relationships between the chemical structures and hydration environment of the polymers can provide significant insight into the water‐amphiphilic polymer interactions. Here, the hydrophobicity of amphiphilic block copolymers poly(ethylene tartaramide‐b‐alkyl isocyanate) is gradually tuned by using of a series of pendant alkyl (isopropyl, n‐butyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl) groups. Dynamics of hydration probed by low‐field NMR relaxometry exhibits a heterogeneous environment of water molecules, corresponding to tightly bound water with slow re‐orientational mobility and loosely bound water with fast re‐orientational mobility. Progressively larger amounts of bound water are present in the copolymers, ongoing from pendant isopropyl, n‐butyl, cyclopentyl, and finally to cyclohexyl group. Water in the copolymer bearing the cyclohexyl group has a significantly high partial specific heat capacity. Therefore, hydrophobic interaction between the polymer and water is enhanced when the hydrophobicity of the polymer is increased, resulting in considerable hydrophobic hydration with decreased mobility of the bound water. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 138–145
Inhibition of early development stages of rust fungi by the two fungal metabolites cyclopaldic acid and epi‐epoformin
Authors: Barilli Eleonora , Cimmino Alessio , Masi Marco , Evidente Marco , Rubiales Diego , Evidente Antonio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDRusts are a noxious group of plant diseases affecting major economically important crops. Crop protection is largely based on chemical control. There is a renewed interest in the discovery of natural products as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for control. In this study we tested two fungal metabolites, namely cyclopaldic acid and epi‐epoformin, for their effectiveness in reducing early stages of development of two major rust fungi from the genera Puccinia and Uromyces, P. triticina and U. pisi. Spore germination and appressorium formation were assessed on pretreated detached leaves under controlled conditions. Cyclopaldic acid and epi‐epoformin were also tested in infected plants in order to evaluate the level of control achieved by treatments both before and after inoculation.RESULTSCyclopaldic acid and epi‐epoformin were strongly effective in inhibiting fungal germination and penetration of both rust species studied. This effect was not dose dependent. These results were further confirmed in planta by spraying the metabolites on plant leaves, which reduced fungal developmental of U. pisi and P. triticina at values comparable with those obtained by application of the fungicide.CONCLUSIONOur results further demonstrate the potential of fungal metabolites as natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of crop pathogens of economic importance as rusts. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Insights on the opening of the Galerian mammal migration pathway from magnetostratigraphy of the Pleistocene marine-continental transition in the Arda River section (northern Italy)
Authors: Monesi Edoardo , Muttoni Giovanni , Scardia Giancarlo , Felletti Fabrizio , Bona Fabio , Sala Benedetto , Tremolada Fabrizio , Francou Carlo , Raineri Gianluca 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigated the magnetostratigraphy of the Arda River section (northern Italy) where the transition from marine to continental sedimentation occurring in the Po River basin during the Pleistocene is registered. Four magnetic polarity reversals were used to construct an age model of sedimentation aided by marine biostratigraphy and tied to a standard δ18O curve from the literature. The section spans from the Olduvai subchron (1.94-1.78 Ma) across the Jaramillo subchron (1.07-0.99 Ma) up to the Brunhes—Matuyama boundary (0.78 Ma). The onset of continental deposition occurred during marine isotope stage (MIS) 30 at ∼1.04 Ma. An association of Villafranchian and Early Galerian mammals, including Sus strozzii and Ursus dolinensis, has been found in the continental sediments dated to MIS 29-27 (∼0.99 Ma). Above follows a prominent fluvial conglomerate attributed to the first major low stand of the Pleistocene culminating with MIS 22 at ∼0.9 Ma during the late Early Pleistocene climate turnover (EPT). These and other data from the literature are used to reconstruct the onset of continental deposition in the greater Po basin and shed light on the opening of the migration pathway that brought far-traveled Galerian mammal immigrants to enter Europe for the first time during the EPT.
Equicarbohydrate partial exchange of kiwifruit for wheaten cereal reduces postprandial glycaemia without decreasing satiety
Authors: Mishra Suman , Willis Jinny , Ansell Juliet , Monro John Alexander 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKiwifruit is a carbohydrate food of low glycaemic potency which could potentially be exchanged for starch-based foods in management of postprandial glycaemia. The effect of equicarbohydrate partial exchange of kiwifruit varieties ‘Hayward’ green (GR) and ‘Zesy002’ (SunGold; SG) for a starchy wheat-based breakfast cereal (WB) on the characteristics of the postprandial glycaemic response and satiety was therefore determined. A total of twenty non-diabetic subjects (mean age 36 years; mean BMI 24·5 kg/m2) consumed four meals, each containing 40 g available carbohydrate, in random order, after an overnight fast. The meals were: (1) glucose; (2) 70·29 g breakfast cereal; (3) 200 g of GR plus breakfast cereal (30·93 g); and (4) 200 g of SG plus breakfast cereal (27·06 g). Throughout the 180 min postprandial period, capillary blood glucose concentrations were monitored, and satiety rated by a visual analogue scale. Partial kiwifruit substitution of WB significantly reduced postprandial glycaemic response amplitude (glucose, 3·91; WB, 3·66; WB + GR, 2·36; WB + SG, 2·31 mmol/l; least significant difference (LSD) 0·64; P < 0·001) and incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (0–120 min) (glucose, 228; WB, 180; WB + GR, 133; WB + SG, 134 mmol/l × min; LSD 22·7; P < 0·001). The area between baseline and response remained positive in kiwifruit-substituted meals but became negative after 120 min with glucose and WB, indicating that kiwifruit improved homeostatic control. Kiwifruit substitution of cereal did not significantly reduce satiety. We conclude that either ‘Hayward’ or ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit may be used in equicarbohydrate partial substitution of starchy staple foods to reduce glycaemic response and improve glucose homeostasis without decreasing satiety.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE EXISTENCE OF AMPLE GENERICS AND AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF HOMOGENEOUS METRIC STRUCTURES
Authors: MALICKI MACIEJ 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe define a simple criterion for a homogeneous, complete metric structure X that implies that the automorphism group Aut(X) satisfies all the main consequences of the existence of ample generics: it has the automatic continuity property, the small index property, and uncountable cofinality for nonopen subgroups. Then we verify it for the Urysohn space $&#xF094;$, the Lebesgue probability measure algebra MALG, and the Hilbert space $\ell _2 $, thus proving that Iso($&#xF094;$), Aut(MALG), $U\left( {\ell _2 } \right)$, and $O\left( {\ell _2 } \right)$ share these properties. We also formulate a condition for X which implies that every homomorphism of Aut(X) into a separable group K with a left-invariant, complete metric, is trivial, and we verify it for $&#xF094;$, and $\ell _2 $.