bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Innovation and Sustainability in Programs of Research
Authors: Villarruel Antonia M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeInnovation and sustainability are two important concepts of impactful programs of research. While at first glance these concepts and approaches may seem at odds, they are synergistic.ApproachWe examine the social, political, and policy context as it relates to innovation and sustainability. We present an exemplar of a program of research and discuss factors to consider in developing innovative and sustainable programs of research.ConclusionsInnovation is an important component of sustainable programs of research. Understanding the social and political context and addressing relevant policy issues are factors to be considered in both innovation and sustainability.Clinical RelevanceInnovation and sustainability, important components of research, are also central to clinical practice. Open communication between researchers and clinicians can support the acceleration of innovations and the integration of evidence‐based findings in practice.
Need for reassurance in self‐care of minor illnesses
Authors: Gustafsson Silje , Sävenstedt Stefan , Martinsson Jesper , Wälivaara Britt‐Marie 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesThis study describes people's need for reassurance in self‐care of minor illnesses.BackgroundSelf‐care and active surveillance are advocated as important strategies to manage minor illnesses. Reassurance influences patient satisfaction and confidence in the practicing of self‐care.DesignThis study is a descriptive and interpretive qualitative study.MethodsTwelve persons with experience in self‐care and receiving self‐care advice were recruited, and data were collected using semi‐structured interviews between September–December 2014. Data were analysed using qualitative content analyses.ResultsHaving previous experience and the ability to actively manage symptoms using self‐care interventions was described as reassuring. Participants became stressed and concerned when the symptoms persisted and interventions lacked the desired effect, which often resulted in a decision to consult. Participants wanted to feel that the nurse was an actual person, who was sympathetic, present and understanding, when they received self‐care advice. The nurse's assessment and reasoning of the symptoms facilitated care‐seekers’ assessments of risk, and clear and concrete advice on how to manage the symptoms exerted a calming effect. Patients needed to trust that the nurse understood their situation to embrace the advice, and being invited to return created a feeling that the nurse had listened and taken them seriously.ConclusionsReassurance has the potential to allay doubts and fears to build confidence, which influences self‐care and consultation behaviour. Personal presence in the encounter, receiving an assessment and an explanation of the symptoms and precise advice are reassuring.Relevance to clinical practiceThe needs of nursing care may persist despite the absence of medical needs. The encounter between the nurse and care‐seeker is a unique possibility for reassurance and confidence that a minor illness is self‐limiting in its nature, and self‐care interventions provide relief and comfort.
Efficacy of medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment and retreatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
Authors: Tamauchi Satoshi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Utsumi Fumi , Suzuki Shiro , Niimi Kaoru , Sakata Jun , Mizuno Mika , Shibata Kiyosumi , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimMedroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used to preserve fertility in patients with Grade 1 endometrial cancer without myometrial invasion (G1EA) and those with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). However, the efficacy of retreatment with MPA has not been sufficiently established for patients who experience recurrence but wish to retain their fertility. This study aimed to show the effectiveness of MPA treatment and retreatment for AEH and G1EA.MethodsA total of 39 patients received MPA treatment between 2005 and 2015, including nine with G1EA and 30 with AEH. The patients received high‐dose (600 mg/day) MPA for 26 weeks. If a complete response was not achieved, MPA treatment was continued. After complete remission, if there was a recurrence, the patient was offered a choice of a hysterectomy or retreatment with MPA. The gynecologic and obstetric outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe median age was 34 years, and the median body mass index was 23.3 kg/m2. The median follow‐up period was 52 months. Complete response rates for the initial treatment were 89% for G1EA and 93% for AEH. Recurrence occurred in 88% of patients with G1EA (7/8) and 50% of those with AEH (14/28). Seven patients with G1EA and 11 with AEH received MPA retreatment, and 100% and 92% of these achieved a complete response. During the study period, a total of 14 pregnancies were recorded with 10 live births.ConclusionMPA can be effective for G1EA and AEH treatment even when they recur.
Technical Quality of Complete Dentures: Influence on Masticatory Efficiency and Quality of Life
Authors: Tôrres Ana Clara Soares Paiva , Maciel Amanda de Queiroz , de Farias Danielle Bezerra , de Medeiros Annie Karoline Bezerra , Vieira Flávia Patrícia Tavares Veras , Carreiro Adriana da Fonte Porto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of the technical quality of conventional complete dentures (CD) on masticatory efficiency and quality of life (QoL) of denture wearers during a 1‐year follow‐up.Materials and MethodsA prospective clinical trial with 32 edentulous patients (mean age of 60.2 years) wearing mandibular and maxillary dentures was conducted. All patients were evaluated wearing their preexisting dentures and after 3, 6, and 12 months postinsertion of new dentures. A reproducible method for objective evaluation of the technical quality of CDs was employed. Masticatory efficiency was evaluated by the colorimetric method using beads as artificial testing food. The oral health impact on patient QoL was measured using the OHIP‐EDENT (Oral Health Impact Profile in Edentulous Adults) questionnaire. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was applied to reveal any differences in technical quality between the preexisting and new dentures. The Friedman test was used to detect differences in masticatory efficiency and oral health impact on QoL. Spearman's correlation was applied to reveal correlation between the variables.ResultsComparing preexisting and new dentures, significant improvement was found in technical quality between the dentures (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in masticatory efficiency. A significant decrease was found in the total OHIP‐EDENT scores after denture replacement. A positive correlation was found between technical quality and OHIP in the new denture wearers (p = 0.011).ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, denture quality significantly improved patients’ oral health‐related QoL; however, insertion of new dentures did not influence masticatory efficiency.
Management of urethral stricture: High‐pressure balloon dilation versus optical internal urethrotomy
Authors: Kumano Yohei , Kawahara Takashi , Mochizuki Taku , Takamoto Daiji , Takeshima Teppei , Kuroda Sinnnosuke , Teranishi Jun‐ichi , Makiyama Kazuhide , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Yumura Yasushi , Yao Masahiro , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveUrethral stenosis is a disease in which the lumen of the urethra becomes constricted by fibrosis. Such stenoses have been treated by urethral dilation using a bougie and optical internal urethrotomy (OIU). Recently, high‐pressure balloon dilation (BD) has been developed as a new treatment method for urethral stenosis. The present study compared the effectiveness of urethral dilation by BD and OIU.MethodsTwenty‐two patients of urethral stenosis were treated at Yokohama City University Medical Center between 2005 and 2015. Of these, 13 underwent BD, whereas OIU was performed in 9. BD was performed at 30 atm twice for 5 min each time. In OIU, an endoscopic knife was used to cut out the stenotic lesion in 3 directions. The endpoint was set as restenosis, which required additional surgical treatment, including BD, OIU, and the use of a urethral bougie.ResultsThe causes of urethral stricture were endoscopic surgery (n = 7; 31.8%), development after total prostatectomy (n = 4; 18.2%), iatrogenic reasons associated with catheter insertion (n = 5; 22.7%), development after a prostate needle biopsy (n = 3; 13.6%), and unknown (n = 3; 13.6%). The site of the stenotic lesion site was the anastomosis (n = 3; 13.6%), bladder neck (n = 6; 27.3%), prostatic urethra (n = 4; 18.2%), anterior urethra (n = 7; 31.8%), and membranous urethra (n = 2; 9.1%). The stenosis‐free rate was 84% for those undergoing BD and 22% for those receiving OIU. The median stenosis‐free time was significantly longer after BD than OIU (1675 vs. 244 days, respectively; P < .01).ConclusionThe stenosis‐free time was significantly longer after BD than OIU.
Opportunities and hurdles of edible insects for food and feed
Authors: Dobermann D. , Swift J. A. , Field L. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEntomophagy, the consumption of insects, is promoted as an alternative sustainable source of protein for humans and animals. Seminal literature highlights predominantly the benefits, but with limited empirical support and evaluation. We highlight the historical significance of entomophagy by humans and key opportunities and hurdles identified by research to date, paying particular attention to research gaps. It is known that insects present a nutritional opportunity, being generally high in protein and key micronutrients, but it is unclear how their nutritional quality is influenced by what they are fed. Research indicates that, in ideal conditions, insects have a smaller environmental impact than more traditional Western forms of animal protein; less known is how to scale up insect production while maintaining these environmental benefits. Studies overall show that insects could make valuable economic and nutritional contributions to the food or feed systems, but there are no clear regulations in place to bring insects into such supply systems. Future research needs to examine how the nutritional value of insects can be managed systematically, establish clear processing and storage methodology, define rearing practices and implement regulations with regard to food and feed safety. Each of these aspects should be considered within the specifics of concrete supply and value chains, depending on whether insects are intended for food or for feed, to ensure insects are a sound economic, nutritional and sustainable protein alternative – not just a more expensive version of poultry for food, or soya for feed.
Exosomes: biology, therapeutic potential, and emerging role in musculoskeletal repair and regeneration
Authors: Cobelli Neil J. , Leong Daniel J. , Sun Hui B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExosomes are nanovesicles secreted from cells that play key roles in intercellular communication. They carry unique content derived from parental cells and are capable of transferring this cargo between cells. The role and function of exosomes largely depends on the origin and functional status of the parental cells. Emerging evidence indicates that exosomes are associated with biological processes and pathogenesis of certain diseases. These nanovesicles offer great potential as biomarkers, enabling the monitoring and diagnosis of various diseases in a noninvasive manner. Furthermore, as an efficient vehicle of biomolecular intercellular transfer, exosomes are under intensive investigation for their potential for drug delivery and carriers for gene therapy. Here, we first summarize the basic biology and function of exosomes, followed by a discussion of their clinical potential, including the use of exosomes for disease diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery. The review will highlight the potential of exosomes derived from stem cells in regenerative medicine, with a focus on musculoskeletal tissues. We conclude by sharing our views on the challenges, opportunities, and future directions for the use of exosomes as a therapeutic treatment for the repair and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues.
Outcomes of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions treated with topical corticosteroid
Authors: Gonzalez‐Moles MA , Bravo M , Gonzalez‐Ruiz L , Ramos P , Gil‐Montoya JA 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo determine corticosteroid treatment effectiveness in patients with oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid lesions (OLP/OLL).Material and MethodsTwenty‐one patients with OLP and eighty‐one patients with OLL received 0.05% clobetasol propionate (CP) or 0.05% triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in aqueous solution (AS) or orabase (OB), evaluating responses to treatment and follow‐up compliance.ResultsLesions were atrophic (72 of 102; 70.6%), extensive (58 of 100; 58%), producing eating difficulties (62 of 102; 60.8%), and spontaneous pain (30 of 102; 29.4%); 50 patients (49%) received CP‐AS. The mean ± SD percentage of follow‐ups attended was 43 ± 32%. Symptom remission was achieved in 46% of patients receiving CP‐AS, 36.36% of those receiving TA‐AS, 20% of those receiving CP‐OB, and 25% of those receiving TA‐OB. Follow‐up compliance was poor in 66.7% of patients. Among 51 patients with continuous symptoms, 64.7% evidenced total remission at treatment completion; among 33 with intermittent symptoms, 73.1% had outbreaks 2–3 times/year and 51.5% controlled outbreaks with <6 corticosteroid applications. Adverse effects were observed in seven patients (6.8%) (moon face, hirsutism, capillary fragility) in induction stage, subsiding with dose; among 15 patients under maintenance treatment for >6 months, one showed hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis inhibition but not adrenal insufficiency.ConclusionsOur treatment proved highly effective and safe. Recall programs are desirable to enhance follow‐up compliance.
Post‐metamorphic allometry in the earliest acrotretoid brachiopods from the lower Cambrian (Series 2) of South China, and its implications
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Zhang Zhifei , Holmer Lars E. , Chen Feiyang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe earliest growth of post‐metamorphic (post‐larval) shells in two species of Eohadrotreta is described from the Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation of South China. Two different growth patterns can be observed by quantifying developmental variations in size and shape of successive stages of post‐metamorphic shell growth (including the pedicle foramen forming stage, pedicle foramen enclosing stage and intertrough increasing stage) of Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis and Eohadrotreta? zhujiahensis. The pedicle foramen is never enclosed within the metamorphic shell of E. zhenbaensis, while the enclosed pedicle foramen of E.? zhujiahensis is located directly outside the metamorphic shell after the pedicle foramen enclosing stage. A strongly allometric growth pattern of E. zhenbaensis is demonstrated by the early enclosure of the pedicle foramen; an accelerated lengthening of the ventral intertrough is associated with the development of a more complex dorsal median septum during the intertrough increasing stage. By contrast, E.? zhujiahensis demonstrates possible paedomorphic development by delayed enclosure of pedicle foramen and an associated decreased lengthening of ventral intertrough during the intertrough increasing stage. This ontogenetic developmental sequence represents the marginal accretionary formation and growth of the pedicle foramen, which resembles that of linguloid brachiopods. Furthermore, the developmental process of the pedicle foramen of Eohadrotreta seems to recapitulate the likely evolutionary transition from the Botsfordiidae, with open delthyrium, to the Acrotheloidea, with an enclosed foramen. This study provides a unique opportunity to obtain a complete understanding of the ontogenetic development of the earliest acrotretoids, and casts new light on the phylogeny of lingulate brachiopods.
Strain measurements on compliant knitted mesh used in space antennas, by means of 2D Fourier analysis
Authors: de Salvador W. , Marotta E. , Salvini P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe paper presents a strain measurement technique to be applied on repetitive knitted nets. The application of the procedure is focused on large deployable reflectors used in space applications. Manufacturing of these structures involves knitting of thin metallic wires. Besides space antennas, the method herein developed is advantageous for many other types of knitted tissues such as elastic coatings, elastic bandages for medical applications, or any other woven fabric requiring a defined elastic behaviour. All of them display an almost regular repetitive pattern whose variations due to imposed loads are the core of the method. Deformation of such kind of structural elements must be analysed in two dimensions, because the knitting causes an accentuated orthotropic behaviour. Strain measurement is tricky and requires special computational techniques. Indeed, the application of standard experimental methods and indirect strain determination, through well‐established image analysis algorithm, can be totally unsuccessful or unsuitable because of the lack of continuity of these structures. The paper presents a method based on two‐dimensional Fourier analysis. Numerical examples, supported by some experimental evidences, confirm the feasibility of the technique. Furthermore, a newly proposed frequency zooming algorithm, based on fast Fourier transform, makes the computational costs of the indirect strain measurement affordable.
Young people's perspectives on the mobility of Australian English accents
Authors: STARKS DONNA , TAYLOR‐LEECH KERRY , WILLOUGHBY LOUISA 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on lines of sociolinguistic theory that have arisen in response to globalisation and current thinking about mobilities in the social sciences. Using the constructs of space, scale and centre‐periphery, we set out to analyse 564 Australian high school students’ responses to a questionnaire item which asked: ‘If you moved to another country, how important would it be for you to keep your Australian accent?’ Our exploration of the students’ responses through these lenses reveals the diverse ways in which young people imagine the mobility of their own accents and also how they situate the Australian accent more broadly.
Design Optimization of a Bi-Fold Magnetorheological Damper Subject to Impact Loads
Authors: Saleh Muftah , Sedaghati Ramin , Bhat Rama 
Published: November 2017

Dynamic range (ratio of the maximum on-state damping force to the off-state damping force), is an important index characteristic of the performance of the Magnetorheological Energy Absorbers (MREAs). In high speed impact, the dynamic range may fall into the uncontrollable zone (≤ 1) due to the increase in the off-state damping force which is associated with the transition of the flow from laminar to turbulent condition. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to design optimize the MREA in order to increase its dynamic range while accommodating the geometry, MR fluid flow and magnetic field constraints. In this study, a design optimization problem has been formulated to optimally design a bi-fold MREA to comply with the helicopter crashworthiness specifications for lightweight civilian helicopters. It is required to have a minimum dynamic range of 2 at 5 m/s impact velocity while satisfying the constraints imposed due to the geometry, volume of the device, magnetic field and the flow of the magnetorheological fluid in the MR valve. Meanwhile in order to comply with the helicopter crashworthiness requirement, the MREA device should be designed to generate 15 kN field-off damping force at the design impact velocity if the MREA is to be integrated with skid landing gear systems. The magneto-static analysis of the MREA valve has been conducted analytically using simplified assumptions in order to obtain the relation between induced magnetic flux in the MR fluid gaps in active regions versus the applied current and MREA valve geometrical parameters.
Both Bingham plastic models, with and without minor loss factors, have been utilized to derive the dynamic range and the results are compared in terms of the generated off-state damping force, on-state damping force, and dynamic range. The Bingham plastic model with minor loss coefficients was found to be more accurate due to the turbulent condition in the MREA caused by the impact. Finally, the performance of the optimized bi-fold MREA has been evaluated under different impact speeds.
Modeling of Stiffness Characteristics in a Prosthetic Foot
Authors: Tryggvason H. , Starker F. , Lecomte C. , Jonsdottir F. 
Published: November 2017

The key goal of prosthetic foot design is to mimic the function of the lost limb. A passive spring and damper system can imitate the behavior of an ankle for low level activity, e.g. walking at slow to normal speeds and relatively gentle ascents/descents. In light of this, a variety of constant stiffness prosthetic feet are available on the market that serve their users well. However, when walking at a faster pace and ascending/descending stairs, the function of the physiological ankle is more complex and the muscular activity contributes to the stride in different ways.
One of the challenges in prosthetic device design is to achieve the appropriate range of stiffness of the arrangement of joints and spring elements for different tasks, as well as varying loading of the prosthetic device. This calls for an adaptive mechanism that mimics the stiffness characteristics of a physiological foot by applying real-time adaptive control that changes the stiffness reactively according to user’s needs. The goal of this paper is to define the stiffness characteristics of such a device through modeling.
The research is based on a finite element model of a well-received prosthetic foot design, which is validated by mechanical measurements of the actual product. We further enhance the model to include a secondary spring/dampener element. Various smart material technologies are considered in the design to provide control of flexibility and damping rate of the ankle joint movement. The reactive control of the secondary element allows the simulated prosthetic foot to adapt the ankle joint to imitate the behavior of the physiological ankle during different activities and in different phases of the gait cycle.