bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleosynthesis in Population III Supernovae
Authors: Nomoto K. , Maeda K. , Umeda H. , Tominaga N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStars more massive than ~ 20–25 M⊙ form a black hole at the end of their evolution. Stars with non-rotating black holes are likely to collapse ”quietly” ejecting a small amount of heavy elements (Faint supernovae). In contrast, stars with rotating black holes are likely to give rise to very energetic supernovae (Hypernovae). Nucleosynthesis in Hypernovae is characterized by larger abundance ratios (Zn,Co,V,Ti)/Fe and smaller (Mn,Cr)/Fe than normal supernovae, which can explain the observed trend of these ratios in extremely metal-poor stars. Nucleosynthesis in Faint supernovae is characterized by a large amount of fall-back. We show that the abundance pattern of the recently discovered most Fe-poor star, HE0107-5240, and other extremely metal-poor carbon-rich stars are in good accord with those of black-hole-forming supernovae, but not pair-instability supernovae. This suggests that black-hole-forming supernovae made important contributions to the early Galactic (and cosmic) chemical evolution as the First (Pop III) Supernovae.
New Radiative Atomic Data
Authors: Nahar Sultana N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLarge amount of new radiative atomic data for I) energy levels, II) oscillator strengths (f), line strengths (S), radiative transition probabilities (A), III) photoioniztion cross sections (σPI) – total and level-specific, and IV) unified total and level-specific electron-ion recombination rate coefficients, αR, including radiative and dielectronic recombination (RR and DR) are reported for various astrophysical applications. Most of the data are with fine structure. These data are not yet available from any databases. Photoionization and recombination data are self-consistent, using the same wave-function for both processes.
The ISHTAR Mission: Probing the Internal Structure of NEOs
Authors: Barucci M. Antonietta , D’Arrigo Paolo , Ball P. , Doressoundiram Alain , Dotto Elisabetta , Kofman W. , Orosei Roberto , Patzold Martin , Perozzi Ettore 
Published: March 2016

AbstractISHTAR (Internal Structure High-resolution Tomography by Asteroid Rendezvous) is a mission developed through ESA General Studies programme. The study, led by Astrium in cooperation with several scientific institutes throughout Europe, has produced a spacecraft design capable of performing multiple asteroid rendezvous and to characterize them with a focussed set of instruments. The ISHTAR concept is centred around a Radar Tomography paylod able to probe the internal structure of a small asteroid to depths of few hundred meters, combined with a small camera for investigation of the surface properties and a radio science experiment for gravity field measurement. This combination will allow the first detailed characterization of a NEO and will give valuable insights into the origin and evolution processes that govern the NEO population. In particular, ISHTAR will be able to visit at least 2 NEOs belonging to two different spectral classes, thereby allowing us to probe the diversity of the NEO population.
The Deep Impact Project
Authors: A’Hearn Michael F. ,   The Deep Impact Project Team
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Deep Impact mission aims at understanding the third dimension of a cometary nucleus, the physical and chemical properties as a function of depth below the surface. General wisdom holds that comets, because they are small and spend most of their lives far from the sun, hold primordial ices in their interiors. However, it is universally agreed that the surface layers have evolved, whether from cosmic rays while residing in the Oort cloud or from solar heating during previous perihelion passages. Clearly, in order to interpret surface observations and outgassing, we must understand how the surface layers differ from the interior. Deep Impact is the first mission to carry out a macroscopic experiment on a planetary body since the Apollo program dropped a lunar module on the moon and measured the seismic response.
Ground-Based Optical Observations of Asteroids
Authors: Cellino Alberto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany physical parameters of asteroids can be inferred from remote measurements at optical wavelengths. These observations constitute the bulk of the information we have about these objects, and nicely complement the detailed physical studies which are made possible by in situ explorations of a few selected targets. The discovery of many binary systems for which mass determinations become possible, the identification of hydration features in asteroid spectra, including unexpectedly many M-types, the detection of space-weathering phenomena affecting S-type near-Earth objects, as well as improved estimates of sizes, albedos, and spin properties for many objects are among the major results obtained in recent years by means of remote-sensing techniques. These data can be used to infer important properties of the internal structures of the asteroids.
Gamma-ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Knödlseder Jürgen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGamma-ray spectroscopy has made important progress with the observations of the OSSE and COMPTEL telescopes aboard CGRO, and has entered the domain of high-resolution spectroscopy with the launch of the SPI telescope aboard the INTEGRAL satellite. Recent science highlights in this field are presented, and an outlook is given to future promising projects.
Surface Gravities and Masses in Substellar Objects
Authors: Mohanty Subhanjoy , Basri Gibor , Jayawardhana Ray 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing high-resolution optical spectra, we determine effective temperatures and gravities for a sample of very low-mass stellar and substellar PMS cluster objects. Masses and radii are then derived using known cluster distance and photometry; two of our targets seem to have planetary masses. Our results are independent of theoretical evolutionary tracks. While our results agree with the track predictions for hotter, higher mass objects, discrepancies appear for the coolest, lowest mass ones. This may be due to track uncertainties related to formation effects, and/or internal conditions, in these very young, ultra-low-mass objects.
The New Horizons Mission to Pluto-Charon and the Kuiper Belt
Authors: Tyler G. Leonard , Stern S. Alan , Weaver Harold A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe New Horizons Mission to Pluto-Charon and the Kuiper Belt is under development for launch in 2006. The experiment complement of eight sensors addresses fundamental issues of density, composition, albedo, geology, and atmospheric state, chemistry, and escape.
FTS Opacity Measurements of the South Pole Submillimeter Sky
Authors: Chamberlin Richard A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA sub-millimeter Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) was used at the South Pole to acquire wide frequency span (300 GHz < v < 2 THz) measurements of the atmospheric opacity, T(V). Comparisons were made with other ongoing measurements to allow inference of typical wintertime observing statistics.
The fine tuning of metabolism, autophagy and differentiation during in vitro myogenesis
Authors: Fortini P , Ferretti C , Iorio E , Cagnin M , Garribba L , Pietraforte D , Falchi M , Pascucci B , Baccarini S , Morani F , Phadngam S , De Luca G , Isidoro C , Dogliotti E 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough the mechanisms controlling skeletal muscle homeostasis have been identified, there is a lack of knowledge of the integrated dynamic processes occurring during myogenesis and their regulation. Here, metabolism, autophagy and differentiation were concomitantly analyzed in mouse muscle satellite cell (MSC)-derived myoblasts and their cross-talk addressed by drug and genetic manipulation. We show that increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 inactivation-independent basal autophagy characterize the conversion of myoblasts into myotubes. Notably, inhibition of autophagic flux halts cell fusion in the latest stages of differentiation and, conversely, when the fusion step of myocytes is impaired the biogenesis of autophagosomes is also impaired. By using myoblasts derived from p53 null mice, we show that in the absence of p53 glycolysis prevails and mitochondrial biogenesis is strongly impaired. P53 null myoblasts show defective terminal differentiation and attenuated basal autophagy when switched into differentiating culture conditions. In conclusion, we demonstrate that basal autophagy contributes to a correct execution of myogenesis and that physiological p53 activity is required for muscle homeostasis by regulating metabolism and by affecting autophagy and differentiation.
Local proliferation initiates macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue during obesity
Authors: Zheng C , Yang Q , Cao J , Xie N , Liu K , Shou P , Qian F , Wang Y , Shi Y 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObesity-associated chronic inflammation is characterized by an accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). It is generally believed that those macrophages are derived from peripheral blood monocytes. However, recent studies suggest that local proliferation of macrophages is responsible for ATM accumulation. In the present study, we revealed that both migration and proliferation contribute to ATM accumulation during obesity development. We show that there is a significant increase in ATMs at the early stage of obesity, which is largely due to an enhanced in situ macrophage proliferation. This result was obtained by employing fat-shielded irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution. Additionally, the production of CCL2, a pivotal chemoattractant of monocytes, was not found to be increased at this stage, corroborating with a critical role of proliferation. Nonetheless, as obesity proceeds, the role of monocyte migration into adipose tissue becomes more significant and those new immigrants further proliferate locally. These proliferating ATMs mainly reside in crown-like structures formed by macrophages surrounding dead adipocytes. We further showed that IL-4/STAT6 is a driving force for ATM proliferation. Therefore, we demonstrated that local proliferation of resident macrophages contributes to ATM accumulation during obesity development and has a key role in obesity-associated inflammation.
Nupr1/Chop signal axis is involved in mitochondrion-related endothelial cell apoptosis induced by methamphetamine
Authors: Cai D , Huang E , Luo B , Yang Y , Zhang F , Liu C , Lin Z , Xie W-B , Wang H 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) abuse has been a serious global public health problem for decades. Previous studies have shown that METH causes detrimental effects on the nervous and cardiovascular systems. METH-induced cardiovascular toxicity has been, in part, attributed to its destructive effect on vascular endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism of METH-caused endothelium disruption has not been investigated systematically. In this study, we identified a novel pathway involved in endothelial cell apoptosis induced by METH. We demonstrated that exposure to METH caused mitochondrial apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in vitro as well as in rat cardiac endothelial cells in vivo. We found that METH mediated endothelial cell apoptosis through Nupr1–Chop/P53–PUMA/Beclin1 signaling pathway. Specifically, METH exposure increased the expression of Nupr1, Chop, P53 and PUMA. Elevated p53 expression raised up PUMA expression, which initiated mitochondrial apoptosis by downregulating antiapoptotic Bcl-2, followed by upregulation of proapoptotic Bax, resulting in translocation of cytochrome c (cyto c), an apoptogenic factor, from the mitochondria to cytoplasm and activation of caspase-dependent pathways. Interestingly, increased Beclin1, upregulated by Chop, formed a ternary complex with Bcl-2, thereby decreasing the dissociative Bcl-2. As a result, the ratio of dissociative Bcl-2 to Bax was also significantly decreased, which led to translocation of cyto c and initiated more drastic apoptosis. These findings were supported by data showing METH-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by silencing Nupr1, Chop or P53, or by PUMA or Beclin1 knockdown. Based on the present data, a novel mechanistic model of METH-induced endothelial cell toxicity is proposed. Collectively, these results highlight that the Nupr1–Chop/P53–PUMA/Beclin1 pathway is essential for mitochondrion-related METH-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for METH-caused cardiovascular toxicity. Future studies using knockout animal models are warranted to substantiate the present findings.
Dihydroartemisinin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss via the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway
Authors: Dou C , Ding N , Xing J , Zhao C , Kang F , Hou T , Quan H , Chen Y , Dai Q , Luo F , Xu J , Dong S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a widely used antimalarial drug isolated from the plant Artemisia annua. Recent studies suggested that DHA has antitumor effects utilizing its reactive oxygen species (ROS) yielding mechanism. Here, we reported that DHA is inhibitory on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteoclast (OC) differentiation, fusion and bone-resorption activity in vitro. Intracellular ROS detection revealed that DHA could remarkably increase ROS accumulation during LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, cell apoptosis was also increased by DHA treatment. We found that DHA-activated caspase-3 increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio during LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, the translocation of apoptotic inducing factor (AIF) and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol were observed, indicating that ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial in DHA-induced apoptosis during LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. In vivo study showed that DHA treatment decreased OC number, prevents bone loss, rescues bone microarchitecture and restores bone strength in LPS-induced bone-loss mouse model. Together, our findings indicate that DHA is protective against LPS-induced bone loss through apoptosis induction of osteoclasts via ROS accumulation and the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Therefore, DHA may be considered as a new therapeutic candidate for treating inflammatory bone loss.
Quaking promotes monocyte differentiation into pro-atherogenic macrophages by controlling pre-mRNA splicing and gene expression
Authors: de Bruin Ruben G. , Shiue Lily , Prins Jurriën , de Boer Hetty C. , Singh Anjana , Fagg W. Samuel , van Gils Janine M. , Duijs Jacques M. G. J. , Katzman Sol , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Böhringer Stefan , Leung Wai Y. , Kielbasa Szymon M. , Donahue John P. , van der Zande Patrick H.J. , Sijbom Rick , van Alem Carla M. A. , Bot Ilze , van Kooten Cees , Jukema J. Wouter , Van Esch Hilde , Rabelink Ton J. , Kazan Hilal , Biessen Erik A. L. , Ares Manuel , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , van der Veer Eric P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA hallmark of inflammatory diseases is the excessive recruitment and influx of monocytes to sites of tissue damage and their ensuing differentiation into macrophages. Numerous stimuli are known to induce transcriptional changes associated with macrophage phenotype, but posttranscriptional control of human macrophage differentiation is less well understood. Here we show that expression levels of the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) are low in monocytes and early human atherosclerotic lesions, but are abundant in macrophages of advanced plaques. Depletion of QKI protein impairs monocyte adhesion, migration, differentiation into macrophages and foam cell formation in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq and microarray analysis of human monocyte and macrophage transcriptomes, including those of a unique QKI haploinsufficient patient, reveal striking changes in QKI-dependent messenger RNA levels and splicing of RNA transcripts. The biological importance of these transcripts and requirement for QKI during differentiation illustrates a central role for QKI in posttranscriptionally guiding macrophage identity and function.
Revisiting the vortex-core tunnelling spectroscopy in YBa2Cu3O7−δ
Authors: Bruér Jens , Maggio-Aprile Ivan , Jenkins Nathan , Ristić Zoran , Erb Andreas , Berthod Christophe , Fischer Øystein , Renner Christoph 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe observation by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of Abrikosov vortex cores in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y123) has revealed a robust pair of electron-hole symmetric states at finite subgap energy. Their interpretation remains an open question because theory predicts a different signature in the vortex cores, characterized by a strong zero-bias conductance peak. Here, we present scanning tunnelling spectroscopy data on very homogeneous Y123 at 0.4 K revealing that the subgap features do not belong to vortices: they are actually observed everywhere along the surface with high spatial and energy reproducibility, even in the absence of magnetic field. Detailed analysis and modelling show that these states remain unpaired in the superconducting phase and belong to an incoherent channel, which contributes to the tunnelling signal in parallel with the superconducting density of states.
A new insight into high-strength Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8 alloys with bimodal microstructure fabricated by semi-solid sintering
Authors: Liu L. H. , Yang C. , Kang L. M. , Qu S. G. , Li X. Q. , Zhang W. W. , Chen W. P. , Li Y. Y. , Li P. J. , Zhang L. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIt is well known that semi-solid forming could only obtain coarse-grained microstructure in a few alloy systems with a low melting point, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys. This work presents that semi-solid forming could also produce novel bimodal microstructure composed of nanostructured matrix and micro-sized (CoFe)Ti2 twins in a titanium alloy, Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8. The semi-solid sintering induced by eutectic transformation to form a bimodal microstructure in Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8 alloy is a fundamentally different approach from other known methods. The fabricated alloy exhibits high yield strength of 1790 MPa and plastic strain of 15.5%. The novel idea provides a new insight into obtaining nano-grain or bimodal microstructure in alloy systems with high melting point by semi-solid forming and into fabricating high-performance metallic alloys in structural applications.
Looking for hotspots of marine metacommunity connectivity: a methodological framework
Authors: Melià Paco , Schiavina Marcello , Rossetto Marisa , Gatto Marino , Fraschetti Simonetta , Casagrandi Renato 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeascape connectivity critically affects the spatiotemporal dynamics of marine metacommunities. Understanding how connectivity patterns emerge from physically and biologically-mediated interactions is therefore crucial to conserve marine ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Here, we develop a set of biophysical models to explore connectivity in assemblages of species belonging to a typical Mediterranean community (Posidonia oceanicameadows) and characterized by different dispersing traits. We propose a novel methodological framework to synthesize species-specific results into a set of community connectivity metrics and show that spatiotemporal variation in magnitude and direction of the connections, as well as interspecific differences in dispersing traits, are key factors structuring community connectivity. We eventually demonstrate how these metrics can be used to characterize the functional role of each marine area in determining patterns of community connectivity at the basin level and to support marine conservation planning.
Multiplex congruence network of natural numbers
Authors: Yan Xiao-Yong , Wang Wen-Xu , Chen Guan-Rong , Shi Ding-Hua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCongruence theory has many applications in physical, social, biological and technological systems. Congruence arithmetic has been a fundamental tool for data security and computer algebra. However, much less attention was devoted to the topological features of congruence relations among natural numbers. Here, we explore the congruence relations in the setting of a multiplex network and unveil some unique and outstanding properties of the multiplex congruence network. Analytical results show that every layer therein is a sparse and heterogeneous subnetwork with a scale-free topology. Counterintuitively, every layer has an extremely strong controllability in spite of its scale-free structure that is usually difficult to control. Another amazing feature is that the controllability is robust against targeted attacks to critical nodes but vulnerable to random failures, which also differs from ordinary scale-free networks. The multi-chain structure with a small number of chain roots arising from each layer accounts for the strong controllability and the abnormal feature. The multiplex congruence network offers a graphical solution to the simultaneous congruences problem, which may have implication in cryptography based on simultaneous congruences. Our work also gains insight into the design of networks integrating advantages of both heterogeneous and homogeneous networks without inheriting their limitations.
Interface failure modes explain non-monotonic size-dependent mechanical properties in bioinspired nanolaminates
Authors: Song Z. Q. , Ni Y. , Peng L. M. , Liang H. Y. , He L. H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBioinspired discontinuous nanolaminate design becomes an efficient way to mitigate the strength-ductility tradeoff in brittle materials via arresting the crack at the interface followed by controllable interface failure. The analytical solution and numerical simulation based on the nonlinear shear-lag model indicates that propagation of the interface failure can be unstable or stable when the interfacial shear stress between laminae is uniform or highly localized, respectively. A dimensionless key parameter defined by the ratio of two characteristic lengths governs the transition between the two interface-failure modes, which can explain the non-monotonic size-dependent mechanical properties observed in various laminate composites.
Contagion on complex networks with persuasion
Authors: Huang Wei-Min , Zhang Li-Jie , Xu Xin-Jian , Fu Xinchu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe threshold model has been widely adopted as a classic model for studying contagion processes on social networks. We consider asymmetric individual interactions in social networks and introduce a persuasion mechanism into the threshold model. Specifically, we study a combination of adoption and persuasion in cascading processes on complex networks. It is found that with the introduction of the persuasion mechanism, the system may become more vulnerable to global cascades and the effects of persuasion tend to be more significant in heterogeneous networks than those in homogeneous networks: a comparison between heterogeneous and homogeneous networks shows that under weak persuasion, heterogeneous networks tend to be more robust against random shocks than homogeneous networks; whereas under strong persuasion, homogeneous networks are more stable. Finally, we study the effects of adoption and persuasion threshold heterogeneity on systemic stability. Though both heterogeneities give rise to global cascades, the adoption heterogeneity has an overwhelmingly stronger impact than the persuasion heterogeneity when the network connectivity is sufficiently dense.