bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infections following chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: 2018–2022
Authors: Keri Vishakh C. , Monday Lea M. , Ramakrishna Jahanavi M. , Vyas Rahul , Deol Abhinav , Al‐Saadi Mahmoud , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic modality for relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies. Infectious complications following CAR T‐cell therapy are not well defined.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of data on patients who received CAR T‐cell therapy between April 2018 and December 2022 at the Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit. Patients’ data were collected up to their last known clinic or inpatient follow‐up visit. An infectious episode was defined as any microbiologically proven or clinically documented infection.ResultsSeventy‐six patients received therapy with FDA‐approved CAR T‐cell products. Thirty‐three patients (43.4%) had at least one infectious episode. There were 61 infectious episodes during a median follow‐up of 184 (96–340) days. Median duration for the onset of infection was 59 (22–209) days. Bacterial and viral infections occurred in 42.6% and 41% of the infectious episodes, respectively. COVID‐19 was the most common infectious complication (14.8%). Time‐to‐event analysis showed that most infections occurred within the first 100 days. Empirical antibiotic use during Cytokine Release Syndrome/Immune effector Cell‐Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (CRS/ICANS) in the absence of documented bacterial infection was reported in 85.7% of patients. Clostridioides difficile accounted for 11.5% of all infectious episodes. Five of six patients with C. difficile infection had CRS/ICANS and received antibiotics.ConclusionCOVID‐19 and C. difficile infection were the most common infections following CAR T‐cell therapy. Most infections occurred within the first 100 days. Empiric antibiotic use and C. difficile infection were common in patients with CRS/ICANS, in the absence of documented bacterial infection, thus providing an excellent opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship in this population.
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Actions on classifiable C*‐algebras without equivariant property (SI)
Authors: Gardella Eusebio , Kranz Julian , Vaccaro Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe exhibit examples of actions of countable discrete groups on both simple and non‐simple nuclear stably finite C*‐algebras that are tracially amenable but not amenable. We furthermore obtain that, under the additional assumption of strict comparison, amenability is equivalent to tracial amenability plus the equivariant analogue of Matui–Sato's property (SI). By virtue of this equivalence, our construction yields the first known examples of actions on classifiable C*‐algebras that do not have equivariant a over show that such actions can be chosen to absorb the trivial action on the universal UHF algebra, thus proving that equivariant ‐stability does not in general imply equivariant property (SI).
Varieties over Q¯$\overline{\mathbb {Q}}$ with infinite Chow groups modulo almost all primes
Authors: Scavia Federico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLet be the Fermat cubic curve over . In 2002, Schoen proved that the group is infinite for all primes . We show that is infinite for all prime numbers . This gives the first example of a smooth projective variety over such that is infinite for all but at most finitely many primes . A key tool is a recent theorem of Farb–Kisin–Wolfson, whose proof uses the prismatic cohomology of Bhatt–Scholze.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ CENTRAL ASIAN/RUSSIAN 94-32 КЛАСТЕРА ГЕНОТИПА BEIJING СРЕДИ НОВЫХ СЛУЧАЕВ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Ахметова А.Ж. , Абилова Ж.М. , Ережепов Д.А. , Бисмилда В.Л. , Чингисова Л.Т. , Филипенко М.Л. , Акильжанова А.Р. , Кожамкулов У.А. 
Published: September 2024

Туберкулез (ТБ) все еще остается одной из актуальных проблем медицины в Казахстане. Казахстан входит в тридцатку стран с высокими показателями ТБ с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ-ТБ), ассоциированного с устойчивостью к самым эффективным антибиотикам первого ряда – рифампицину и изониазиду. Согласно исследованиям, МЛУ-ТБ взаимосвязан с генотипом Beijing. 95% рифампицин- и 50-95% изониазид-устойчивых M. tuberculosis имеют мутации в rpoB и katG генах, наиболее распространенными являются мутации Ser531Leu в 531 кодоне и Ser315Thr в 315 кодоне данных генов, соответственно.
Цель данного исследования: определить доминирующие кластеры генотипа Beijing среди новых случаев ТБ, оценить их взаимосвязь с МЛУ-ТБ и с самыми распространенными мутациями Ser531Leu и Ser315Thr в rpoB и katG генах.
В данной работе было собрано 527 клинических изолятов M. tuberculosis от впервые выявленных случаев туберкулеза из разных областей Казахстана. Генотипирование всех образцов M. tuberculosis было проведено по 24MIRU-VNTR методу. Для изолятов генотипа Beijing дополнительно был проведен RD-анализ по RD105 локусу. Определение мутаций в генах лекарственной устойчивости M. tuberculosis было проведено аллель-специфическим ПЦР в режиме реального времени и секвенированием по методу Сэнгера. c2 и c2 с поправкой Йетса были определены с помощью SPSS Statistics 24.0 и MedCalc online, соответственно.
В нашем исследовании генотип Beijing был идентифицирован в 60% (316/527) случаях.
Central Asian/Russian 94-32 кластер был самым распространенным кластером среди Beijing изолятов (50,3%; 159/316). Три других доминирующих Beijing кластеров, которые были определены в исследовании - 94-33 (3,5%; 11/316), 100-32 (3,2%; 10/316) и 99-32 (2,8%; 9/316). В нашей работе генотип Beijing был ассоциирован с лекарственно-устойчивым ТБ (p<0.0001), в том числе с МЛУ-ТБ (p=0.0001). Среди изолятов Beijing, Central Asian/Russian 94-32 кластер показал ассоциацию с МЛУ-ТБ (p=0.0183). Мутация Ser531Leu rpoB гена была взаимосвязана с генотипом Beijing в целом (p<0.0001; OR = 14.2000; 95%CI: 4.2847–47.0600), но не с определенным Beijing кластером (p>0.05). Мутация Ser315Thr в katG гене не имела статистически достоверную ассоциацию с генотипом Beijing и его доминирующими кластерами (p>0.05).
Таким образом, полученные результаты показали важную роль генотипа Beijing и его Central Asian/Russian 94-32 кластера в распространении лекарственно-устойчивого, в том числе МЛУ-ТБ в Казахстане.
Creep Lifetime Prediction of Alloy 617 Using Black Box Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Hossain Md Abir , Stewart Calvin M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explored the application of black box machine learning (ML) to build high throughput models that predict the creep response of Ni-based Alloy 617. Black box ML refers to highly complex machine learning algorithms that generate outputs from inputs without an interpretable internal process. The rapid implementation of suitable heat of alloys into targeted service is impeded by the extended qualification process involving chemistry-processing-structure-performance assessment. The ASME B&PV Code III outlines the requirement of 10,000 h of creep testing before each heat can be qualified for service and 30,000 h for heats that exhibit metastable phases. There is a critical need to shorten the development-to-deployment timeline for heats of an alloy at specific applications. Recent advancement in ML offers the ability to identify correlations in data which is difficult to elucidate by other approaches. To that end, black box ML is employed to expedite the HEAT qualification of Alloy 617 and predict performance from HEAT chemistry out to an unprecedented timescale. In this study, creep data for Ni-based Alloy 617—a solid solution strengthened material is gathered from a wide range of data sources. The alloy chemistry, phases, precipitates, and microstructural features are analyzed to obtain the key strengthening mechanism. Service conditions, mechanical properties, chemistry, and chemical ratios are provided as potential input features. The Pearson correlation coefficient with a 95% confidence bound is employed for input feature screening where poorly correlated inputs are eliminated to speed up the ML process and prevent under- and/or over-fitting of predictions. In the ML algorithm, the selected input features are regarded as predictors, and rupture is regarded as the response. An algorithm evaluation is performed where 20 ML algorithms are trained with the training set. The three-layered neural network (NN) was observed to be the best algorithm for the given data based on statistical rationale. The NN accurately predicts rupture across a range of isotherms and data sources. The interpolative and extrapolative predictions are in compliance with ECCC V5 guidelines. A post-audit validation exhibits neither under- nor over-fitting and confirms the applicability of NN algorithms to unseen data. The black box ML provides a pathway to predict the performance directly from chemistry and opens avenues to rapid heat qualification.
Genetic absence of PD-L1 does not restore CD8
+
T cell function during respiratory virus infection and delays virus clearance
Authors: Rogers Meredith C. , Lamens Kristina D. , Tollefson Sharon J. , Williams John V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

A key mediator of T cell impairment during respiratory virus infection is the inhibitory receptor PD-1. PD-1 is induced on T cells following antigen exposure, whereas proinflammatory cytokines upregulate the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Respiratory virus infection leads to upregulation of PD-L1 on airway epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and alveolar macrophages. However, the role of PD-L1 on different cell types in acute respiratory virus infections is not known. We sought to determine the role of PD-L1 on different cell types in CD8
+
T cell impairment. We found that PD-L1
−/−
mice challenged with human metapneumovirus or influenza showed a similar level of CD8
+
T cell impairment compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, virus clearance was delayed in PD-L1
−/−
mice compared to WT. CD8
+
T cells from PD-L1-deficient mice expressed higher levels of inhibitory receptors both at baseline and after respiratory virus infection. The antibody blockade of PD-L2 failed to restore function to the impaired cells. While reciprocal bone marrow chimeras between WT and PD-L1
−/−
mice did not restore CD8
+
T cell function after the respiratory virus challenge, mice that received the PD-L1
−/−
bone marrow had higher inhibitory receptor expression on CD8
+
cells. This discrepancy in the inhibitory receptor expression suggests that cells of the hematopoietic compartment contribute to T cell impairment on CD8
+
T cells.

IMPORTANCE

The phenomenon of pulmonary CD8
+
T cell impairment with diminished antiviral function occurs during acute respiratory virus infection mediated by Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) signaling. Moreover, PD-1 blockade enhances T cell function to hasten viral clearance. The ligand PD-L1 is expressed in many cell types, but which cells drive lung T cell impairment is not known. We used genetic approaches to determine the contribution of PD-L1 on lung T cell impairment. We found that PD-L2 cannot compensate for the loss of PD-L1, and PD-L1-deficient mice exhibit increased expression of other inhibitory receptors. Bone marrow chimeras between PD-L1-deficient and wild-type mice indicated that hematopoietic PD-L1 expression is associated with inhibitory receptor upregulation and impairment.
When and How Telomeres Lengthen in Development and Cell Lines: Evolution of Olovnikov’s Telomere Theory
Authors: Kalmykova A. I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTelomeres are special nucleoprotein structures that protect the ends of linear chromosomes. Telomeric DNA is composed of 6-nucleotide repeats that are synthesized by telomerase, a specialized DNA polymerase. According to Alexey Olovnikov’s telomere theory of aging, replicative aging in somatic cells is caused by telomere shortening during cell division. Even before telomerase was discovered, he predicted in 1973 that telomere elongation occurs only in certain types of cells, such as germ cells, stem cells, and tumor cells. In this review, we explore the stages of animal ontogenesis where telomere elongation takes place and the mechanisms of telomere maintenance during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. The mechanism of homologous recombination that controls telomere length tuning during early embryogenesis is discussed. The advancement of modern cell technologies, including those based on induced pluripotent stem cells, inevitably raises the issue of genome stability in clinically relevant cell lines. Here we compare telomere maintenance mechanisms in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as discuss how telomere stability can be influenced during development.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a rare external ear lesion presenting with leukaemia
Authors: Khan Hamad Dad , Kakar Sahil , McClelland Lisha , Hussein Hayder 
Published: September 2024

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive haematological malignancy, typically characterised by cutaneous lesions and bone marrow involvement. We present a unique case of a woman in her 70s, initially seen for a spontaneous swelling on her left external ear resembling a haematoma, which recurred after initial treatment, triggering further evaluation.Diagnostic challenges arose as the patient displayed positive markers for Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p-ANCA), suggesting vasculitis. Dermatology considered various differential diagnoses, but imaging and tests ruled out significant pathology. Steroid treatment led to improvement, but coincided with a surge in white cell count (WCC), prompting an urgent haematological review.Subsequent investigations, including a punch biopsy of the external ear and a bone marrow biopsy revealed BPDCN concurrent with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. This case highlights the challenging diagnostic journey, emphasising the need for multidisciplinary collaboration and the potential for unique BPDCN presentations, expanding our understanding of this malignancy.
Comparison of side-hole and step-tip catheters for patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care units: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Zhifeng , Liu Chen , Yang Yingying , Wang Fang , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Ling , Fu Ping 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionIn addition to various techniques involved in catheter insertion, catheter placement location, lumen diameter and operation and management during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), the design of the tip and side holes, as well as the position of the tip of the catheter, can also impact catheter function. Side-hole and step-tip catheters are commonly used during CRRT. However, there is insufficient evidence comparing their efficacy for CRRT in critically ill patients. And the optimal position of the tip of catheters is not well studied and remains controversial. This study was conducted to assess whether using a step-tip catheter could reduce the rate of catheter dysfunction compared with a side-hole catheter and whether inserting a longer catheter could reduce the incidence of catheter dysfunction and increase catheter survival time.Methods and analysisA prospective, open-label, three-arm, parallel-group, single-centre randomised controlled trial will be conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University in China. An estimated sample of 378 participants receiving CRRT treatment will be recruited. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to three groups to receive different dialysis catheters for the initiation of CRRT at a 1:1:1 ratio via a central randomisation system: group A, side-hole catheters (11Fr, 200 mm; GDHK‐1120; Baxter International Inc., Deerfield, Illinois); group B, step-tip catheters (13Fr, 200 mm; GDHK‐1320; Baxter International Inc.) and group C, step-tip catheters (13Fr, 250 mm; GDHK‐1325; Baxter International Inc.). The femoral vein is the only vascular access. All catheters will be inserted under the guidance of ultrasound using the Seldinger method to reduce complications and trauma related to catheter insertion. The primary outcomes are the occurrence of catheter dysfunction and catheter survival time. Outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded. All data will be analysed according to the group randomly assigned by an intention-to-treat analysis, in which catheters with missing data for the primary outcomes would be excluded.Ethics and disseminationThe trial protocol has been approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2023.1221). And the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300075107.
Living with long-term conditions: validation of a new instrument for family caregivers in a Spanish-speaking population
Authors: Marín-Maicas Patricia , Ambrosio Leire , Corchon Silvia , González-Moreno Jesús , Portillo Mari Carmen 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionOptimising the management of chronicity has been a global challenge for decades. Individuals with long-term conditions (LTCs) and their families live with them for years. Thus, it is necessary to include both of their perspectives in the management and adaptation of the interventions proposed. The psychometric properties of the living with LTCs scale from the perspective of the family caregiver are unknown. The objective of the present study is to describe the psychometric properties of the EC-PC-Fam in a Spanish-speaking population.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional study was performed with a retest of part of the sample. The fit of the model was optimised with a factorial analysis, and the psychometric properties were verified.ResultsA sample of 311 caregivers was recruited. Most of them were women (68.2%) and had a mean age of 58.29±9.91 years (range: 32–84 years). The initial version did not obtain acceptable fit scores. To improve the fit, different versions were tested, refining the distribution of the items until optimisation was reached in V.10 (19 items). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.81 for the scale as a whole. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.77. The EC-PC-Fam scale is strongly and inversely correlated with a scale that measures the burden of the caregiver (rs=−0.46), and moderately related to the health-related quality of life (rs=0.373) and social support (rs=0.38).ConclusionsThe EC-PC-Fam scale from a family perspective is defined as a promising tool for promoting personalised care and for optimising the management of LTCs, and a new approach that includes family caregivers is proposed for clinical practice. The scale is an instrument with a moderate fit and optimum psychometric properties to measure living with LTCs from the perspective of a family caregiver. New validation studies are recommended to verify the fit of the proposed factorial solution.
Comparison of the accommodative amplitude measured with and without the use of a specialised accommodative rule in children
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Nabovati Payam , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Yekta Abbasali , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the agreement between measurements of accommodative amplitude (AoA) in children using a specialised accommodative rule and measurments without it.MethodsA total of 502 children underwent optometric examinations, including the measurement of visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction. AoA measurements were done with and without the Berens accommodative rule. The measurements of AoA were conducted monocularly using a −4 D lens. A fixation stick containing English letters equivalent to 20/30 visual acuity and a long millimetre ruler was used to measure AoA without the accommodative rule. This measurement was performed by the two trained examiners. The agreement between these methods was reported by 95% limits of agreement (LoA) and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 11.7±1.3 years (range: 9–15 years) and 52.4% were male. The mean AoA with and without the accommodative rule was 20.02±6.02 D and 22.46±6.32 D, respectively. The 95% LoA between the two methods was −12.5 to 7.5 D, and the ICC was 0.67 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.70). The 95% LoA was narrower in higher age groups and males compared with females (18.92 vs 20.87). The 95% LoA was narrower in hyperopes (16.83 D) compared with emmetropes (18.37 D) and myopes (18.27 D). The agreement was not constant and decreased in higher values of AoA.ConclusionThere is a poor and non-constant agreement between the measurements of the AoA with and without the accommodative rule. The mean AoA was 2.5 D lower with using the accommodative rule.
Health and economic impacts of Vaccae vaccination incorporating active case finding in India and South Africa: a modelling study
Authors: Yue Wan-Lu , Zhai Pei-Yao , Mao Jun-Jie , Ma Jun-Feng , Ren Wen-Long , Jiang Ting , Zhang Bin , Zhuang Xun , Feng Jian , Zang Xiao , Qin Gang 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a major global health issue, particularly, in India and South Africa. We aim to evaluate the potential of the new TB vaccine, Vaccae, to enhance TB control by integrating with active case finding (ACF) strategies in these regions.MethodsUsing age-structured dynamic models, we projected the epidemiological and economic outcomes of combining Vaccae vaccination with ACF over 27 years. In India, four age-targeted strategies were analysed: (1) adolescent (15 years), (2) adolescent and young adult (AYA, 15–34 years), (3) adult (18–55 years) and (4) elderly (60+ years). In South Africa, strategies were based on HIV status: (1) HIV-targeted, (2) non-HIV and (3) general population. The vaccine efficacy of Vaccae was set at 54.7%, priced at US$120 per course. Outcomes measured included reductions in TB incidence and mortality, prioritised based on budget, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) and benefit-cost ratios (BCR).ResultsIn India, the adult strategy could prevent 8.70 (95% UI: 6.86–11.13) million TB cases and 0.61 (0.39–0.91) million deaths, reducing incidence and mortality by 20.1% (18.7%–23.5%) and 19.0% (17.5%–22.5%), respectively. In South Africa, the general population strategy could avert 0.67 (0.45–0.99) million TB cases and 0.21 (0.15–0.28) million deaths, reducing incidence by 28.1% (26.1%–30.3%) and mortality by 27.0% (23.5%–30.0%). The vaccination budgets for the AYA strategy in India and the HIV-targeted strategy in South Africa were US$14.0 (10.14–23.29) billion and US$0.09 (0.06–0.15) billion, respectively. The ICERs were US$1082 (927–1426) and US$70 (53–123) per disability-adjusted life year averted, and the BCRs were 2.0 (1.6–2.4) and 176 (83.4–255.3), respectively. Thus, the AYA strategy in India and the HIV-targeted strategy in South Africa were the most favourable.ConclusionIntegrating Vaccae vaccination with ACF could significantly enhance TB control in high-burden countries. Policymakers should consider these strategies, with further research needed to confirm the findings.