bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacing the Nitrogen Nutrition Index by SPAD Values and Analysis of Effect Factors for Estimating Rice Nitrogen Status
Authors: Yang H. , Yang J. P. , Li F. H. , Liu N. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
This study aims to understand the relationships of Na, Nw, NNI, and SPAD values.We find it is more specific to analyze the effect of factors on SPAD values.Some efficient measures may enhance the accuracy of SPAD values.Relative personnel may use more efficiently and accurately the SPAD meter in rice.
Determination of the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) of a crop requires measurement of the amount and status of N in shoot biomass, which restricts its wide application in paddy fields under field conditions. Thus, a convenient and efficient method is required. We estimated the N concentration of leaves in the rice canopy on the basis of dry matter weight, Nw (%) and per unit area, Na (mg cm−2), and measured Soil–Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values as a potential replacement for NNI. Two rice cultivars with six N fertilization rates (0, 75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kg N ha−1) were used in a field study from 2010 to 2012 in Hangzhou, China. The SPAD values, Na, and Nw of the upper four leaves in the rice canopy were measured at three developmental stages (tillering, booting, and heading) alongside the NNI. The results showed that with increasing N rates the SPAD values, Na, Nw, and NNI increased in all developmental stages and leaf positions each year. The SPAD values, Na, and Nw showed linear regression with NNI, but the regression parameters varied between developmental stages. Once developmental stages were determined, the equation parameters did not differ among years, leaf positions, and cultivars. The relationships between Na and NNI, and SPAD values and NNI were closer than those between Nw and NNI, suggesting that SPAD values and Na may replace NNI for a quick and approximate prediction of rice plant N nutrition in the field.
Marah dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Nasirudin Nasirudin 
Published: February 2018

This paper is motivated by the human dimension of the Prophet s.a.w when angry. Hadiths indicate that the Prophet s.a.w. as uswah khasanah had experienced an attitude of anger and full of educational values. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to reveal the anger situation of the Prophet s.aw. and its implications for Islamic education. The results of the study found that the cause of the Prophet's anger s.a.w in general is an effort to maintain the sanctity of Islamic law. Then the angry implications that allowed in the educational process in the hadith perspective are (1). anger that does not hurt feelings or physical learners(2). Angry as a form of tactics to educate in difficult student conditions, (3). Angry who does not aim to take revenge on personal matters. All forms of anger must be accompanied by an explanation to be understood as a form of education. AbstrakTulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh dimensi kemanusian Nabi s.a.w ketika marah. Hadits-hadits menunjukkan bahwa Nabi s.a.w. sebagai uswah khasanah pernah mengalami sikap marah dan penuh dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah berupaya mengungkap gambaran kemarahan Nabi s.aw. dan implikasinya dalam pendidikan Islam. Hasil kajian menemukan bahwa penyebab kemarahan Nabi s.a.w pada umumnya merupakan upaya menjaga kesucian syariat Islam. Kemudian implikasi marah yang diperbolehkan dalam proses pendidikan dalam perspektif hadits adalah (1). marah yang tidak menyakiti perasaan ataupun fisik peserta didik (2). Marah sebagai bentuk taktik untuk untuk mendidik dalam kondisi siswa yang susah dikendalikan, (3). Marah bertujuan menyelamatkan dari azab di dunia dan akhirat, (4). Marah yang tidak bertujuan untuk membalas dendam karena persoalan pribadi. Semua bentuk kemarahan harus disertai dengan penjelasan agar dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk pendidikan
PEMBELAJARAN SAINS BERBASIS TRADISI SAINS ISLAM DI MADRASAH (GERAK BENDA MENURUT IBNU BAJJAH)
Authors: Alip Dalilah Nur 
Published: February 2018

Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Banyak karya dari ilmuwan muslim yang belum dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan ajar IPA di Madrasah, umumnya bahan ajar yang diberikan di Madrasah sama dengan bahan ajar yang diberikan di SMA. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap temuan ilmuwan muslim yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar IPA di Madrasah. Mtode pembahasan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah sejarah sains berperspektif islam dan metode pembelajaran sains demonstratif. Data dikumpulkan melalui kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa teori gerak dari Ibnu bajjah yang mempengaruhi Galileo Galilei dapat di ajarkan di Madrasah Aliyah. Tujuannya untuk memperkaya wawasan murid tentang IPA berprespektif Islam.
Removal of THM precursors in the coagulation using pre-hydrolyzed salts and enhanced with activated carbon
Authors: Dąbrowska L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the coagulation process in reducing the level of pollution of surface water with organic substances. The coagulants used in the study were aluminium sulphate and pre-hydrolyzed polyaluminium chlorides PAX. Powdered activated carbons with trade names AKPA and CWZ were used for the enhancement of coagulation. Lowering the total organic carbon (TOC) content in water after the coagulation was in the range of 15–45%, and the oxygen consumption in the range of 27–63%, depending on the used coagulant. The largest reduction in values of those indicators were stated using PAX. In the surface water subjected to chlorination, presence of CHCl3 and CHCl2Br was demonstrated, and CHBr3 and CHClBr2 were not detected. CHCl3 and CHCl2Br concentration was equal to 65.3 and 7.4 μg/L, respectively. In the water subjected to chlorination after the coagulation process and after the process of coagulation enhanced with powdered activated carbon, CHCl3 concentration ranged from 55.8 to 39.8 μg/L, while CHCl2Br ranged from 7.8 to 9.0 μg/L. These were values by 13–35% lower than trihalomethane (THM) concentration obtained in untreated surface water subjected to chlorination. The lowest CHCl3 concentration were obtained in chlorinated water after prior purification with PAX-XL19 and powdered activated carbon CWZ.
Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies
Authors: Boland Colleen M. , Hogan Chris E. , Johnson Marilyn F. 
Published: February 2018

SYNOPSIS
Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.
Improvement The Mechanical Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber By Using Silica Fume
Authors: Salman Ali Abed 
Published: February 2018

Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is considered to be one of the greatest important polymeric materials used as a bond, so we discussed in this study to improve its properties .This study covers the effect of silica fume on mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber reinforced with silica fume. The composites were prepared with (1 to 3 wt. %) of silica fume particles .The results had indicated that the tensile strength and flexural strength are improved by (11.6% and 13.5%) respectively at 2 wt% and the hardness is improved by (9.3%) at 3wt%.
Peluang Pemanfaatan Pembelajaran Berorientasi Teknologi Informasi di Lingkup Madrasah (Mempersiapkan Madrasah Berwawasan Global)
Authors: Lubis Maesaroh 
Published: February 2018

The rapid development of information technology and the changing social and political situation around the world brings new challenges to madrasah. Madrasahs are challenged to transform themselves into institutions that are able to adapt to changing society. That means the madrasah must be able to adapt to the globalization process. Therefore, madrasah should be able to identify challenges and formulate strategies. The most important thing to note is that the process of change is not aimed at the institution itself, but rather to help students as the next generation of nations to embrace a different world, a globalized world characterized by constant technological change and different social lives.Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan perubahan situasi sosial dan politik di seluruh dunia membawa tantangan baru untuk madrasah. Madrasah ditantang untuk mengubah dirinya menjadi lembaga yang mampu beradapt asi dengan perubahan masyarakat. Itu artinya madrasah harus mampu beradaptasi dengan proses globalisasi. Oleh karena itu, madrasah harus mampu mengidentifikasi tantangan dan memformulasikan strategi. Yang paling penting untuk dicatat adalah bahwa proses perubahan itu tidak ditujukan pada lembaga itu sendiri, melainkan untuk membantu siswa sebagai generasi penerus bangsa untuk merangkul dunia yang berbeda, dunia yang mengglobal yang ditandai dengan perubahan teknologi yang terus terjadi dan kehidupan sosial yang berbeda. Kata kunci: Madrasah,Pembelajaran,Teknologi Informasi, Globalisasi
<i>The Archive</i>: Digital Art and an Unsustainable Future
Authors: Harvey Tallulah 
Published: February 2018

This short story, “The Archive”, grew out of the eco-critical research I underwent during my postgraduate degree at Goldsmiths, University of London. In recent years, literary studies have become increasingly invested in environmentalism. The damaging consequences of human endeavour are now widely regarded within environmentalist and scientific communities, and by environmental literary theory or “ecocriticism”, as a shift from the Holocene (the geological epoch that provided the appropriate conditions for mammals to thrive), to the “Anthropocene” (the epoch in which human activity has become the dominant driving force of climatic change). The ecological implications of the Anthropocene prompt questions regarding human enterprise and responsibility; fuelling dystopian or apocalyptic end of the world narratives and anxieties towards technology, capitalism and post-humanism. This short piece explores the current problems facing climate change activists, namely the inconsistencies between the scientific community’s attitude towards ecological degradation and popular culture’s. Slajov Zizek suggests that public denial and the disassociation from environmental disaster is not caused by a lack of scientific knowledge, but because we as individuals fail to corroborate what we already know about climate change with our sensory experience of the everyday: ‘We know it, but we cannot make ourselves believe in what we know’. The Archive questions this pervasive delusion, one that denies climate change even in the face of dwindling resources, increasing natural disaster and rising sea levels. We as a society consume natural resources excessively, without any regard for the consequences. My work draws attention to the suicidal nature of this desire, and encourages its readers to take responsibility for their actions, for the sake of humanity’s survival.
Early myocardial surgical revascularization after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in multivessel coronary disease: bridge therapy is the solution?
Authors: Polito Maria V. , Asparago Stefania , Galasso Gennaro , Farina Rosario , Panza Antonio , Iesu Severino , Piscione Federico 
Published: February 2018

Background
Many ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients have a multivessel disease that initially require percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit vessel but subsequently may require coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) of nonculprit vessels. Evidence supports staged revascularization, but the identification of optimal strategies (percutaneous or surgical), the timing and the management of antiplatelet therapy after recent PCI with stenting are matters of great controversies.

Methods
In our retrospective registry, we have enrolled 21 patients presenting with STEMI and multivessel disease, who underwent PCI of the culprit vessel only and then CABG of nonculprit vessels. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, angiographic findings, preoperative score, surgical data and postoperative complications were collected. At 21.6 ± 15.6 months follow-up death, reinfarction and/or cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events were recorded.

Results
Patients were 62 ± 9 years old and had in the most cases a good ejection fraction. At angiography, the culprit lesion was right coronary artery in 16 patients (76%). Angiographic characteristics excluded a staged PCI (SYNTAX score = 31.6 ± 7.4) and European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II resulted low (1.46 ± 1.01). Following the indication to cardiac surgery after Heart Team discussion, the withdrawal of oral P2Y12 inhibitor was planned and tirofiban intravenous was started. Off-pump CABG was performed after 7.2 ± 3.2 days. No death, reinfarction and/or cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events occurred at follow-up.

Conclusion
We can conclude that a careful preoperative selection is mandatory for a good postoperative course and long-term survival and that early-staged CABG can, however, be performed using bridge therapy, also after STEMI.
Global-Soziale Marktwirtschaft und die Flüchtlingsfrage
Authors: Weizsäcker Carl Christian von 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungAuslöser meiner Überlegungen ist die akute Flüchtlingskrise. Es spricht manches dafür, dass sich diese Krise nicht einfach mit einigen administrativen Maßnahmen der Zuwanderungsbeschränkung in kurzer Frist in Luft auflösen wird. Vermutlich ist sie Symptom für eine neue Welle der weltweiten Angleichung von Lebensbedingungen, die sich unter anderem in großen Wanderungen niederschlägt. Es ist dann im Interesse des Nordens diesen Angleichungsprozess zu beschleunigen, um so den Anreiz des Wanderns aus dem Süden in den Norden zu dämpfen. Eine zentrale Komponente des nördlichen Erfolgsmodells, die Soziale Marktwirtschaft, sollte daher möglichst rasch globalisiert werden. Diesem Ziel einer möglichst zügigen Verwirklichung einer Global-Sozialen Marktwirtschaft dient am besten ein Kulturwandel im Süden in Richtung auf das das nördliche Erfolgsmodell. Dieser Kulturwandel kann vor allem angestoßen werden durch Exporterfolge des Südens in den Norden. Hierzu eignet sich eine Außenwirtschaftspolitik des Nordens, die einen Exportüberschuss des Südens hervorbringt und auf diese Weise im Süden möglichst viele produktive Arbeitsplätze schafft. Der Norden würde von einer solchen Politik nicht nur deshalb gewinnen, weil auf diese Weise der Süd-Nord- Wanderungsdruck gemildert wird. Darüber hinaus kann der Norden auch durch eine verbesserte internationale Arbeitsteilung gewinnen. Allerdings ist es für den Erfolg einer solchen Politik auch erforderlich, dass sich der Norden auf die damit verbundenen institutionellen Veränderungen einlässt. Insbesondere muss akzeptiert werden, dass sich die komparativen Vorteile in der Güterproduktion verschieben und dass auch Institutionen wie zum Beispiel die staatliche Schuldenbremse modifiziert, grundlegend geändert oder ganz abgeschafft werden.
Is Migration Good for an Economy? A Survey of the Main Economic Effects
Authors: Frenkel Michael 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article surveys the main effects of labor migration between two countries. Against the background of high immigration to industrialized countries in recent years, notably to countries in Europe, the focus of the discussion is on the host country of the migrants. In the standard model of labor migration, there are overall benefits when wage differentials trigger labor migration. However, in the presence of externalities and deviations from the basic assumptions, the results can be significantly different.
Identification and Law Review of Closed Agreements in Indonesia: Analysis of Case Closed Agreements PT. Pelindo II Persero in Teluk Bayur Port, Padang, West Sumatra Province
Authors: Hakim Dani Amran 
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to identify and analyze on a law review of closed agreements by the Law Number 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition as well as how the legal analysis of the alleged cases of agreements covered by PT Pelindo II (Persero) which occurred in Teluk Bayur in Padang, West Sumatra. In a legal review of the closed agreement as mentioned in Article 15 and 19 of Law Unfair Competition, it can be concluded that the closed agreements carried out in a business relationship tend to be favorable to the parties entered into a secretive and harmful for others who are not inside the circle of the agreement. Case Lease Agreement of Land between PT Pelindo II (Persero) with a third party is tying product whereas clauses designation stevedoring companies owned by PT Pelindo II (Persero) for the tenants are tied product, and the agreement is contrary to the principle of fair business competition especially Article 15 paragraph (2) of Law Number 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Keyword: Identification, Closed Agreements, PT Pelindo II
The Urgency of Protection of Hand-Rolled Kretek as Handicraft Product of Geographical Indication of Kudus District
Authors: Galang Windi pratama Toebagus 
Published: February 2018

Hand-rolled Kretek Protection as a Handicraft Product of Geographical Indication is an urgency because even though this product has taken r deep roots in Indonesian’s Culture, but because of the negative stigma of the danger of Cigarette made this product existence decreased over time, causing many small Hand-Kretek industries bankrupt and many Kretek-Roller Labourer Fired. The Study of Hand-Rolled Kretek as a Handicraft Product of Geographical Indication of Kudus District uses a Sociological Approach Method with Juridical-Empirical research method. The Primary data used in this research are Data Obtained from related people or Institution with the help of relevant literature, Documents and comparison to similar regulation from other countries as a secondary Data to find out whether Hand-Rolled Kretek is in accordance with product law provisions that can be a Geographical Indication Product of Handicraft or not and what implication that may occur. The result of the research shows that hand-rolled kretek can be a product of Geographical Indication because, regarding history, its distinguishing potential, and economic potential are sufficient, and are by the rules given, morality, religion and public order stated in Law No. 20 of 2016. The implications that arise can be seen both in the field of Economics such as increasing state income and employment, in the field of Social which can straighten the negative stigma of Hand-rolled kretek, and also in the field of Law where Hand-Rolled Kretek as a Geographical Indication Product of Handicraft can be used as a Reference for other industries to become a Geographical Indication products. Keyword: Hand-Rolled Kretek, Geographical Indication, Handicraft Product, Kudus District.
Low Back Pain: What Have Clinical Guidelines Ever Done for Us?
Authors: O'Connell Neil E. , Ward Stephen P. 
Published: February 2018

The burden that low back pain (LBP) presents to sufferers and society is well established. This ubiquitous condition is served by a complex global clinical marketplace offering a wide range of assessment alternatives and accompanying interventions. Yet, while the costs of care are rising, the global burden does not appear to be diminishing. Considerable effort internationally has gone into developing CPGs for LBP. The authors highlight the similarities and differences between existing CPGs for LBP, as well as strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement in the implementation of guidelines generally. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(2):54–57. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0602
Entrapment Neuropathies: Challenging Common Beliefs With Novel Evidence
Authors: Schmid Annina B. , Hailey Louise , Tampin Brigitte 
Published: February 2018

Entrapment neuropathies are the most prevalent type of peripheral neuropathy and often a challenge to diagnose and treat. To a large extent, our current knowledge is based on empirical concepts and early (often biomechanical) studies. This Viewpoint will challenge some of the current beliefs with recent advances in both basic and clinical neurosciences. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(2):58–62. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0603
A Novel Downhill Gait-Training Program Following a Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report Highlighting the Impacts of Self-selected Speed on Gait Symmetry
Authors: Blue Cody , Coomes Sara , Yoshida Yuri 
Published: February 2018

Study Design Case report. Background Walking plays an essential role in activities of daily living and has varied health benefits. Studies report that gait speed and symmetry are impacted in individuals following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Unfortunately, abnormal gait patterns persist in individuals after TKA. Downhill walking may provide a simple and feasible exercise regimen to improve gait patterns. The purpose of this case report was to describe the application of a downhill treadmill training program and the subsequent changes in gait patterns in an individual following a unilateral TKA. Case Description The participant was a 59-year-old woman following a right TKA. Downhill gait training was initiated 1 month post TKA and completed for 5 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using questionnaires, mobility tests, strength of quadriceps, and gait patterns. The treadmill speed was determined by the participant's self-selected gait speed on a level surface. Outcomes The participant's eccentric quadriceps strength in the operated limb significantly increased after the gait training. Her physical function recovered to a level similar to that of previous reports. Postintervention gait analysis was conducted at 2 self-selected speeds, due to an increase in the participant's self-selected gait speed between sessions. The participant demonstrated a more symmetrical gait pattern when walking slower and a more asymmetrical gait pattern at the faster speed. Discussion After completion of downhill gait training in conjunction with therapeutic exercises, the participant showed an increase in quadriceps strength and improved physical function. This case report describes the utilization and potential feasibility of downhill gait training in conjunction with outpatient physical therapy for an individual following unilateral TKA. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(2):104–110. Epub 7 Nov 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7374