bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaping Ability of ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and Reciproc in Simulated Root Canals
Authors: Tonetto Mateus R , Filho EM Maia , Santos RM dos Reis , Lima Darlon M , da Silva Pereira SM , Soares Janir A , de Jesus Tavarez RR , Ferreira Meire C , Carvalho Ceci N , de Castro Rizzi C 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The study aimed to compare the shaping and preservation of the original curvature of simulated curved root canals using the following instruments: Reciproc (Rcp), WaveOne (Wo), and the ProTaper Next system (Ptn).

Materials and methods
A total of 45 resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were divided into three groups (n = 15), prepared using the Rcp (R25), Wo (25/0.8), and Ptn (X2) instruments. Standardized photographs were taken before and after canal instrumentation. After the superimposition of the images, the amount of resin removed from the curvature's inner and outer walls was measured at six apical levels, at intervals of 1 mm. The canals’ angles of curvature before and after instrumentation were subtracted.

Results
There were no significant differences between the instruments in terms of the total amount of resin removed of the inner or outer walls of the apical curvature (p > 0.05). The Rcp instruments provided the best resin removed ratios between the walls. The means of the change in angle were as follows: Wo = 2.15°, Ptn = 0.92°, and Rcp = 0.21°. WaveOne caused significantly higher deviations than Rcp.

Conclusion
All of the instruments demonstrated a tendency to straighten the simulated root canal. Instruments that use rotary movement achieved an effect similar to that of the reciprocating instruments in relation to change in angle.

Clinical significance
Deviations from the original shape of the root canal could have a negative impact on the quality of a filling and consequently on the success of the endodontic treatment.

How to cite this article
Maia Filho EM, dos Reis Santos RM, Lima DM, da Silva Pereira SM, Soares JA, de Jesus Tavarez RR, Ferreira MC, Carvalho CN, Bandeca MC, Tonetto MR, Borges AH, de Castro Rizzi C. Shaping Ability of ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and Reciproc in Simulated Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):902-906.
Micromovement Evaluation of Original and Compatible Abutments at the Implant–abutment Interface
Authors: Berberi Antoine , Maroun Dagher , Kanj Wasfi , Amine El Zoughbi , Philippe Aramouni 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Use of compatible abutments may increase micromovements between the abutments, and the inner part of the implant may increase the stress on marginal bone level. Also micromovement will change the volume of the inner space of the implant–abutment complex. The resulting pumping effect can transport even initially immobile microorganisms from the exterior to the interior and vice versa.

Objectives
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mechanical comportment of OsseoSpeed™ Tx implants connected with original and compatible abutments in vitro under simulated clinical loading conditions.

Materials and methods
A total of 15 OsseoSpeed™ TX implants (4×11 mm) were used and divided into three groups (n = 5). Three types of abutments were used in the study; group I: Five original Ti Design™ abutments, group II: Five Natea™ abutments, and group III: Implanet™ abutments. Abutments used in groups II and III were all compatible with Astra Tech Implant System™. Implants were embedded into resin. Simulating the human masticatory cycle, the axial force vector was increased up to a defined maximum (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 N) and inclined 30° to the implant axis. A radiograph amplifier was used to convert the X-ray projection into a picture. The visual evaluation of the frames and the provided X-ray videos were evaluated for an existing microgap in width and length between the implant and the abutment.

Results
An initial width gap was observed in groups II and III in four of the five samples with an average of 6.5 and 5 μm respectively. When the axial forces reach 75 N, only groups II and III demonstrated a gap width of 5.2 ± 3.63 and 4.8 ± 3.03 μm, and a gap length of 5.2 ± 3.63 and 94 ± 125.3 μm respectively. At 200 N, group I showed a gap width of 8.4 ± 1.67 μm and a gap length of 187.6 ± 43.6 μm, while groups II and III showed a gap width of 12.4 ± 3.29 and 22.8 ± 5.76 μm, and a gap length of 387.2 ± 84.36 and 641.2 ± 122.6 μm respectively.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study and under the parameters used and from the resulting data collected, we can presume that the use of compatible components leads to significant micromovement when compared with the use of original ones.

Clinical significance
The use of compatible prosthetic components with original implants showed significant micromovements when compared with the use of abutment and implant from the same manufacturer. Clinically, the micromovements when associated with leakage leads to bone loss around the neck of the implant and later to peri-implantitis.

How to cite this article
Berberi A, Maroun D, Kanj W, Amine EZ, Philippe A. Micromovement Evaluation of Original and Compatible Abutments at the Implant–abutment Interface. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):907-913.
Effect of Intraoral Aging on Debris Accumulation and Friction of First Molar Tubes
Authors: Chaptini Edmond , Khoury Elie , Cacciafesta Vittorio , Naaman Nada 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this article was to evaluate the impact of intraoral aging and site specificity on debris accumulation and friction in molar tubes after intraoral use.

Materials and methods
A total of 80 intraorally used first molar convertible tubes were provided by 20 orthodontic adolescent patients after 6 months of treatment. The specimens were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the mouth quadrant and the type of examination [four groups of ten tubes for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and four groups of ten tubes for friction test]. Scanning electron microscope examination was performed after opening the convertible caps and friction test was executed using a 0.019” × 0.025” stainless steel wire, which was inserted in the tubes belonging to each group. The Mann. Whitney test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni tests were performed for statistical analysis at 0.01 level of significance.

Results
There was a significant increase in the amount of debris and frictional force after 6 months of intraoral exposure (p < 0.0001). Debris scores were higher (10% increase) on the upper tubes when compared with the lower ones, with no statistical difference. Mean frictional force ranged from 0.22 to 0.26 N according to the mouth quadrant, but the difference between groups was also not significant.

Conclusion
After 6 months of intraoral exposure, there was a significant increase in the amount of debris in the first molar tube slots, leading to significantly higher frictional forces during sliding mechanics. The influence of site specificity on the amount of debris and on frictional forces of the first molar tubes could not be demonstrated.

Clinical significance
Molar tubes should be cleaned, before and during sliding mechanics, in order to minimize friction.

How to cite this article
Chaptini E, Khoury E, Cacciafesta V, Naaman N. Effect of Intraoral Aging on Debris Accumulation and Friction of First Molar Tubes. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):914-919.
Effect of Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength to Turkom-Cera All-ceramic Material
Authors: Al-Makramani Bandar MA , Al-Sanabani Fuad A , Razak Abdul AA , Abu-Hassan Mohamed I , AL-Shami Ibrahim Z , Almansour Hosain M 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength (SBS) of Turkom-Cera (Turkom-Ceramic (M) Sdn. Bhd., Puchong, Malaysia) all-ceramic material cemented with resin cement Panavia-F (Kuraray Medical Inc., Okayama, Japan).Materials and methodsForty Turkom-Cera ceramic disks (10 mm × 3 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into four groups. The disks were wet ground to 1000-grit and subjected to four surface treatments: (1) No treatment (Control), (2) sandblasting, (3) silane application, and (4) sandblasting + silane. The four groups of 10 specimens each were bonded with Panavia-F resin cement according to manufacturer's recommendations. The SBS was determined using the universal testing machine (Instron) at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Failure modes were recorded and a qualitative micromorphologic examination of different surface treatments was performed. The data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests.ResultsThe SBS of the control, sandblasting, silane, and sandblasting + silane groups were: 10.8 ± 1.5, 16.4 ± 3.4, 16.2 ± 2.5, and 19.1 ± 2.4 MPa respectively. According to the Tukey HSD test, only the mean SBS of the control group was significantly different from the other three groups. There was no significant difference between sandblasting, silane, and sandblasting + silane groups.ConclusionIn this study, the three surface treatments used improved the bond strength of resin cement to Turkom-Cera disks.Clinical significanceThe surface treatments used in this study appeared to be suitable methods for the cementation of glass infiltrated all-ceramic restorations.How to cite this articleRazak AAA, Abu-Hassan MI, AL-Makramani BMA, AL-Sanabani FA, AL-Shami IZ, Almansour HM. Effect of Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength to Turkom-Cera All-Ceramic Material. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):920-925.
A Case–control Study for the Assessment of Correlation of Denture-related Sores and Oral Cancer Risk
Authors: Khan Javed , Prasad B Vikas , Kakatkar Gauri S , Jain Meetu , Patel Maulik , Jain Preet 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Although multifactorial, the exact pathogenesis of oral cancer is still unclear. Apart from tobacco chewing and smoking, chronic long-term irritation by ill-fitting denture is also said to be an important risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Literature quotes some amount of evidence that correlates long-term denture irritation as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Hence, we analyzed the correlation of denturerelated sores as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer.

Materials and methods
The present case–control study included 140 newly diagnosed oral cancer cases and 140 patients as the control healthy group. One-hour questionnaire was framed and was conducted to the control group and the study group by 10 experienced interviewers who were trained for such type of analysis. Assessment of the patients’ socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking habit, alcohol drinking habit, and oral health status was done and compared on the two study groups. Logistic regression models along with multivariate models were used for the assessment of the results.

Results
In the control group and the cancer patient group, total of 140 new cancer cases and 140 subjects were included. Out of 140 patients in the cancer group, 16 were nonsmokers, while 110 smoked cigarette in the cancer patient group. As far as alcohol consumption is concerned, 42 patients in the control group and 102 patients in the oral cancer group were chronic heavy drinkers. Fried food intake was high in both the groups. Significant correlation was obtained while comparing the heavy smokers, heavy alcohol consumers, and oral health status in both the study groups.

Conclusion
Our results favor the hypothesis that positive correlation exists between oral cancer risk and recurrent denture sores.

Clinical significance
People wearing denture prosthesis should be periodically visualized for identification of any mucosal alteration or changes at the earliest.

How to cite this article
Jain P, Jain M, Prasad BV, Kakatkar GS, Patel M, Khan J. A Case–control Study for the Assessment of Correlation of Denture-related Sores and Oral Cancer Risk. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):930-933.
Assessment of Myeloperoxidase and Nitric Levels around Dental Implants and Natural Teeth as a Marker of Inflammation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kulkarni Gayithri H , Jadhav Prashant , Kulkarni Kiran , Shinde Sachin V , Patil Yojana B 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dental implants form the mainstay of dental treatment involving rehabilitation of missing teeth. One of the major concerns for the clinicians doing dental implants is the postsurgical failure of dental implants. Success of dental implants is dependent upon the skills of the surgeon and the amount and quality of the bone remaining at the edentulous area where dental implant has to be placed. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitrites are few of the enzymes and molecules which are said to be altered in inflammation. However, their exact role in the inflammatory processes around natural tooth and dental implant is still unclear. Hence we comparatively evaluated the levels of MPO and nitrites in the areas around the dental implants and natural teeth.

Materials and methods
The present study comprises 42 patients who underwent prosthetic rehabilitation by dental implants from 2011 to 2014. Depth of probing value (DP), score of plaque index (SPI), gingival index (GI), and index of gingival bleeding time (GBT) were evaluated for the assessment of the periimplant soft tissue changes. Assessment of inflammation around the dental implant surface and around natural tooth was done based on the readings of these parameters. For the measurement of the MPO levels, spectrophotometric MPO assay was used. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results
The mean plaque index values were 1.56 and 0.97 in periodontitis cases of natural teeth and inflamed cases of dental implants respectively. While comparing mean plaque index, mean probing depth, and mean gingival bleeding index in between the two groups, significant difference was obtained. Mean MPO concentration in periodontitis and gingivitis cases in natural teeth were 0.683 and 0.875 U/μL, while in inflamed dental implant cases, the mean value was 0.622 U/μL. While comparing the total MPO levels, total nitrite levels, and total nitrite concentration in between two study groups, significant difference was obtained. On comparing the healthy and periodontitis cases in natural teeth, significant difference was obtained.

Conclusion
In the inflammatory processes occurring around dental implant and natural teeth, MPO and NO make some amount of significant contribution.

Clinical significance
The present study enforces on the role of MPO and nitrite as diagnostic and prognostic marker.

How to cite this article
Kulkarni GH, Jadhav P, Kulkarni K, Shinde SV, Patil YB, Kumar M. Assessment of Myeloperoxidase and Nitric Levels around Dental Implants and Natural Teeth as a Marker of Inflammation: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):934-938.
Apical Extrusion of Intracanal Bacteria following use of Two Engine-driven Instrumentation Techniques: An in vitro Study
Authors: Mohammed Niyaz , Noushad MC , Balan Biji , Dhanesh N , Jayasheelan Nishi , Revankar Vanita D 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the amount of debris extruded apically from extracted teeth, using Twisted files and ProTaper rotary during two different instrumentation systems.

Materials and methods
Forty-five human single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. The teeth in experimental groups were instrumented until reaching the working length with ProTaper rotary instruments and Twisted files with XSmart and XSmart Dual groups. Debris extruded from the apical foramen was collected into glass vials and the amount of bacteria was calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U tests, with p = 0.05 as the level for statistical significance.

Results
The XSmart Dual group extruded comparatively lesser bacteria compared to the XSmart group. Lesser amount of bacterial extrusion was seen when Twisted files were used compared to the ProTaper files (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Under the circumstances of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that all instrumentation techniques produced measurable apical extrusion of debris. So, it is upon the practitioner to decide which system best fits their individual needs and their level of skill and experience that will provide the best possible endodontic care for our patients.

Clinical significance
The newer instrument designs, including noncutting tips, different cross sections, radial lands, and variable tapers, are better for the clinicians to improve working safety, to reduce the working time, and to create a greater flare within the preparations.

How to cite this article
Mohammed N, Noushad MC, Balan B, Dhanesh N, Jayasheelan N, Revankar VD. Apical Extrusion of Intracanal Bacteria following use of Two Engine-driven Instrumentation Techniques: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):939-942.
A Clinicopathologic Study of Oral Changes in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Gastritis, and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Masthan KMK , Vinesh E , Kumar M Sathish , Jeyapriya S Marytresa , Babu Aravindha , Thinakaran Meera 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim and objectives of this study are to identify oral changes in certain gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, namely gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcerative colitis, gastritis, and to evaluate these oral symptoms as indicators for assessing GI disorders.

Materials and methods
In this study, the oral manifestations of various GI disorders were assessed in a varying age group of 250 patients in Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Out of 250 patients, 142 were affected by GERD, 99 were affected by gastritis, and 9 patients were affected by ulcerative colitis. Of these patients, 177 were males and 73 were females.

Results
Evaluation of patients with gastritis revealed that 66.7% affected with gingivitis, 19.2% with dental erosion on the palatal and lingual aspects of maxillary and mandibular teeth predominantly in the anterior region, 10.1% with periodontitis, 2% with gingival erythema. Among the patients with GERD, 44% of the cases showed dental erosion, 25.5% periodontitis, 9.9% gingivitis, 5.7% gingival erythema, 2.8% palatal erythema, 2.1% gingival ulcers, glossitis 2%, 1.4% floor of the mouth erythema, and 0.7% erythema of the tongue. Patients with ulcerative colitis showed 44.4% of gingival erythema, 33.3% of dental erosions, and 22.2% of gingival ulcers and periodontitis.

Conclusion
In our study of 250 patients, oral manifestations were observed in 88% of the patients. Both soft tissue and hard tissue changes were evident. There was a high correlation between various GI disease and dental erosion, erythema at various sites of the oral cavity, oral ulcers, gingivitis, periodontitis, and glossitis. Careful evaluation of oral cavity may unveil many GI disorders and help the patient by providing early diagnosis, which further facilitates the prognosis.

How to cite this article
Vinesh E, Masthan KMK, Kumar MS, Jeyapriya SM, Babu A, Thinakaran M. A Clinicopathologic Study of Oral Changes in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Gastritis, and Ulcerative Colitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):943-947.
Reinforcing Heat-cured Poly-methyl-methacrylate Resins using Fibers of Glass, Polyaramid, and Nylon: An in vitro Study
Authors: Kumar Gautam VS , Nigam Anupama , Naeem Ahmad , Gaur Abhishek , Pandey Kaushik Kumar , Deora Abhimanyu 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionAs civilization has progressed, there has been continued refinement of materials available for dental practice. The applications of resins have been extended to increased practical uses in numerous areas of prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Certain significant alterations in the technique of manipulation and nature of the dental product have influenced the range of application in dentistry. The present study was done to measure and compare the fracture strength of heat polymerized poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resin reinforced with fibers of glass, polyaramid, and nylon.Materials and methodsThe present study was conductedin vitroon 40 PMMA denture base resin specimens. Specimens were divided into four subgroups with ten specimens each and tested for transverse strength using universal testing machine.ResultsIn group I, the transverse strength mean value was 67.82 MPa. In group II, the transverse strength mean value was 59.47 MPa. In group III, the transverse strength mean value was 66.87 MPa, while in group IV, the transverse strength mean value was 66.47 MPa.ConclusionIncorporation of 4% weight glass fibers in loose form significantly increased the transverse strength of denture base PMMA, while 4% of polyaramid fiber in random distribution significantly increased the transverse strength of denture base PMMA.How to cite this articleKumar VSG, Nigam A, Naeem A, Gaur A, Pandey KK, Deora A. Reinforcing Heat-cured Polymethyl- methacrylate Resins using Fibers of Glass, Polyaramid, and Nylon: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(11):948-952.
Gender, Scaffolding Mechanism and Output Complexity in Task-based Language Learning
Authors: Bahador Hamid , Zand-Moghadam Amir , Fanaie Maryam 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gender in Iranian EFL learners’ output complexity and scaffolding mechanism as they were performing the tasks. The participants were 18 intermediate learners from both genders who were selected based on a proficiency test and an interview. They were placed into three groups based on their gender. They were also assigned into nine different collaborative pairs and were required to perform four tasks while being tape-recorded for 36 sessions. The audio-recorded dialogues were then transcribed and divided into AS-units. Ohta’s (2001) seven types of scaffolding methods were used as a framework to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the interlocutors in female-female pairs scaffolded their struggling partners more than the other pairs and produced a more complex output; however, the interlocutors in male-male pairs underperformed the other groups. It can be concluded that gender plays an important role in EFL learners’ output complexity and scaffolding mechanisms they employ. Keywords: AS-units, gender, scaffolding mechanism, sociocultural approach, task-based language learning
Russian Language in the Intercultural Communication Space: Modern Problem Paradigm
Authors: Kulikova Ella Germanovna , Kuznetsova Anna Vladimirovna , Zayats Pavel Vsevolodovich , Sarkisiyants Vladimir Rafaeliyevich 
Published: November 2016

A special role belongs to cross-cultural communication in the modern world. An attempt to limit the problem of the Russian language in Russia just with linguistic aspects, and only to culturological and political ones in the post-Soviet Union space is deeply wrong because of the whole complex of factors, relevant to the current state of the language, including both its fundamental character for the Russian culture preservation and transference and its enduring role in preservation of Russia’s and neighbouring states’ information and national security. A problem of the link between generations is especially topical for Russia, as the Russian society and nation are disoriented in language as a field of meanings and styles, in axiological and ethical coordinates of the world picture. Detailed investigation of the factors affecting the development of the Russian language in the cross-cultural communication space is becoming strategically important in the aspect of ensuring national security of Russia and its national unity.Keywords: Russian language, cross-cultural communication, national security, language personality, language tolerance