bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent motor dysfunction due to neuron-specific disruption of stress-activated protein kinase MKK7
Authors: Yamasaki Tokiwa , Deki-Arima Norie , Kaneko Asahito , Miyamura Norio , Iwatsuki Mamiko , Matsuoka Masato , Fujimori-Tonou Noriko , Okamoto-Uchida Yoshimi , Hirayama Jun , Marth Jamey D. , Yamanashi Yuji , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Yamanaka Koji , Penninger Josef M. , Shibata Shigenobu , Nishina Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

Abstractc-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and controls various physiological processes including apoptosis. A specific upstream activator of JNKs is the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7). It has been reported that MKK7-JNK signaling plays an important regulatory role in neural development, however, post-developmental functions in the nervous system have not been elucidated. In this study, we generated neuron-specific Mkk7 knockout mice (MKK7 cKO), which impaired constitutive activation of JNK in the nervous system. MKK7 cKO mice displayed impaired circadian behavioral rhythms and decreased locomotor activity. MKK7 cKO mice at 8 months showed motor dysfunctions such as weakness of hind-limb and gait abnormality in an age-dependent manner. Axonal degeneration in the spinal cord and muscle atrophy were also observed, along with accumulation of the axonal transport proteins JNK-interacting protein 1 and amyloid beta precursor protein in the brains and spinal cords of MKK7 cKO mice. Thus, the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway plays important roles in regulating circadian rhythms and neuronal maintenance in the adult nervous system.
The Effects of GLCM parameters on LAI estimation using texture values from Quickbird Satellite Imagery
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Yan Guo Rui , Sun Mengtian , Di Tajiguli Tu , Wang Shan , Zhai Jiangyuan , Zhao Zhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen the leaf area index (LAI) of a forest reaches 3, the problem of spectrum saturation becomes the main limitation to improving the accuracy of the LAI estimate. A sensitivity analysis of the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) parameters which can be applied to satellite image processing and analysis showed that the most important parameters included orientation, displacement and moving window size. We calculated the values of Angular Second Moment (ASM), Entropy (ENT), Correlation (COR), Contrast (CON), Dissimilarity (DIS) and Homogeneity (HOM) from Quickbird panchromatic imagery using a GLCM method. Four orientations, seven displacements and seven window sizes were considered. An orientation of 90° was best for estimating the LAI of black locust forest, regardless of moving window size, displacement and texture parameters. Displacements of 3 pixels appeared to be best. The orientation and window size had only a little influence on these settings. The highest adjusted r2 values were obtained using a 3 × 3 moving window size for ASM and ENT. The tendency of CON, COR, DIS and HOM to vary with window size was significantly affected by orientation. This study can help with parameter selection when texture features from high resolution imagery are used to estimate broad-leaved forest structure information.
Treating Dyslipidemia for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Barkas Fotios , Milionis Haralampos 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStroke is associated with a heavy burden of mortality and disability, underscoring the importance of effective primary and secondary prevention measures. Dyslipidemia as a risk factor for ischemic stroke has long been disputed. Nevertheless, accumulating epidemiological evidence supports a role of lipid abnormalities in increasing ischemic stroke risk and representing a potential target for therapeutic interventions. 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl- (HMG-) CoA reductase inhibitors (i.e., statins) are currently the mainstay of therapy for the management of hypercholesterolemia in patients with cardiovascular disease and stroke. Although their beneficial effects on stroke risk have been attributed chiefly to their lipid-lowering capacity, they also have pleiotropic effects. Other lipid lowering modalities have been shown to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in individuals at high cardiovascular risk, but data regarding their use in secondary stroke prevention are lacking.
Large Artery Atherosclerosis: Extracranial and Intracranial
Authors: Banerjee Chirantan , Turan Tanya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLarge vessel atherosclerotic disease (affecting both intracranial and extracranial arteries) is a highly prevalent cause of stroke. In this review, the authors describe the epidemiology, evaluation, diagnosis, and therapeutic aspects of large-vessel atherosclerotic disease. Endarterectomy and stenting have proven to be effective methods for carotid artery revascularization and stroke prevention, although some of the clinical trials demonstrating this benefit predated the advances in modern medical therapy. Randomized clinical trials comparing aggressive management with surgical and endovascular stenting plus aggressive medical management have shown medical management alone to be safer and more effective for preventing stroke in intracranial and vertebrobasilar stenosis.
Single Gene Causes of Stroke
Authors: Majersik Jennifer 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThough rare, monogenic causes of stroke are recognizable by key clinical and radiographic features. A lack of epidemiological data leaves their true incidence unknown, but the most common monogenetic causes of stroke are sickle cell disease, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), Fabry's disease, and cerebral cavernous malformations. In this article, the author covers the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment of those diseases as well as other well-described monogenic causes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. A “shotgun” approach to genetic testing should be avoided in favor of targeted testing that can provide a higher yield. Neurologists caring for stroke patients should be familiar with these monogenic causes of stroke, as heightened awareness and an armamentarium of additional diagnostic techniques will allow neurologists to diagnose correctly, implement individual distinct treatment paradigms, and provide future risk assessment.
Anatomical Region Segmentation for Objective Surgical Skill Assessment with Operating Room Motion Data
Authors: Bly Randall , Harbison R. , Humphreys Ian , Whipple Mark , Hannaford Blake , Moe Kris , Li Yangming 
Published: July 2017

Background Most existing objective surgical motion analysis schemes are limited to structured surgical tasks or recognition of motion patterns for certain categories of surgeries. Analyzing instrument motion data with respect to anatomical structures can break the limit, and an anatomical region segmentation algorithm is required for the analysis.
Methods An atlas was generated by manually segmenting the skull base into nine regions, including left/right anterior/posterior ethmoid sinuses, frontal sinus, left and right maxillary sinuses, nasal airway, and sphenoid sinus. These regions were selected based on anatomical and surgical significance in skull base and sinus surgery. Six features, including left and right eye center, nasofrontal beak, anterior tip of nasal spine, posterior edge of hard palate at midline, and clival body at foramen magnum, were used for alignment. The B-spline deformable registration was adapted to fine tune the registration, and bony boundaries were automatically extracted for final precision improvement. The resultant deformation field was applied to the atlas, and the motion data were clustered according to the deformed atlas.
Results Eight maxillofacial computed tomography scans were used in experiments. One was manually segmented as the atlas. The others were segmented by the proposed method. Motion data were clustered into nine groups for every dataset and outliers were filtered.
Conclusions The proposed algorithm improved the efficiency of motion data clustering and requires limited human interaction in the process. The anatomical region segmentations effectively filtered out the portion of motion data that are out of surgery sites and grouped them according to anatomical similarities.
Survival Rate of Limb Replantation in Different Age Groups
Authors: Urata Shiro , Tanaka Kenji , Kurahashi Toshikazu , Takeda Shinsuke , Hirata Hitoshi , Tatebe Masahiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRevascularization of damaged limbs/digits is technically feasible, but indications for surgical replantation remain controversial. The authors analyzed the survival rate of upper limb amputations and the associated factors in different age groups. They grouped 371 limb/digit amputees (average age, 44 years; range, 2–85 years) treated in their hospital during the past 10 years into three groups based on age (young, ≤ 15 years, n = 12; adult, 16–64 years, n = 302; elderly, ≥ 65 years, n = 57) and analyzed their injury type (extent of injury and stump status), operation method, presence of medical complications (Charlson comorbidity index), and survival rate. There were 168 replantations, and the overall replantation survival rate was 93%. The Charlson comorbidity index of the replantation patients was 0 in 124 cases; 1 in 32; 2 in 9; and 3 in 3, but it did not show any significant difference in survival rate after replantation. Eight elderly patients (14%) did not opt for replantation. Younger patients tended to undergo replantation, but they had lower success rates due to their severe injury status. The results of this study show that the survival rate of replantation in elderly patients is equal to that in adults. Stump evaluation is important for survival, but the presence of medical complications is not associated with the overall survival rate.
Telefonische sozialdienstliche Nachsorge zur Verbesserung der beruflichen Reintegration nach stationärer medizinischer Rehabilitation
Authors: Vogel Martin , Walther Anna , Deck Ruth 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Viele Rehabilitanden werden aus der stationären Rehabilitation mit einem sog. vollschichtigen Restleistungsvermögen entlassen, haben jedoch entweder keinen oder einen Arbeitsplatz, der ein Missverhältnis zwischen Fähigkeits- und Anforderungsprofil aufweist. Diese Rehabilitanden fühlen sich mit ihren Problemen bezüglich einer adäquaten beruflichen Wiedereingliederung häufig alleine gelassen und wünschen sich über die Dauer der stationären Rehabilitation hinaus eine Betreuung bei sozialrechtlichen und sozialmedizinischen Fragestellungen. Mit der randomisierten kontrollierten Studie wurde untersucht, ob sich eine telefonische sozialdienstliche Nachbetreuung über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten nach der stationären medizinischen Rehabilitation positiv auf die berufliche Wiedereingliederung auswirkt.
Methode Orthopädische Rehabilitanden mit einer besonderen beruflichen Problemlage wurden in einer Rehabilitationseinrichtung rekrutiert und am Ende der Maßnahme in die jeweilige Nachsorge randomisiert. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG, N=171) erhielt über 12 Monate eine telefonische Nachsorge durch einen Mitarbeiter des Sozialdienstes, die Kontrollgruppe (KG, N=162) erhielt die Standardnachsorgeempfehlungen. Die Operationalisierung einer nicht erfolgreichen beruflichen Wiedereingliederung erfolgte mithilfe von 3 Items, aus denen ein Risikoscore gebildet wurde. Die Evaluation der telefonischen Nachsorge erfolgte durch schriftliche Befragung zu 3 Messzeitpunkten.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten 333 Rehabilitanden in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. 45% (N=152) der Stichprobe war weiblich, das Durchschnittsalter betrug 50 Jahre. 71% (N=120) der Rehabilitanden der IG gaben an, 12 Monate nach der Rehabilitation erwerbstätig zu sein. Bei der KG betrug dieser Anteil 68% (N=110; p=0,074, KI −0,0718; 0,1252). Beim Risikoscore zur beruflichen Wiedereingliederung ergaben sich für die KG eine signifikant höhere Risikokonstellation als für die Interventionsgruppe.
Schlussfolgerung Auf der Basis eines Risikoscores ergaben sich signifikante Vorteile für die Rehabilitanden der Interventionsgruppe. Das Risiko einer nicht erfolgreichen Wiedereingliederung nach 12 Monaten war in der IG signifikant geringer. Bei allen weiteren berufs- und gesundheitsbezogenen Parametern ergaben sich größtenteils nur moderate Unterschiede. Diese sind allerdings vor dem Hintergrund einer eher niedrigschwelligen Intervention zu würdigen. Die telefonische Nachsorge durch einen Mitarbeiter des Sozialdienstes wurde von den meisten Rehabilitanden der Interventionsgruppe als sehr hilfreich beurteilt.
11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Inhibits Lymphocyte (CD3) Infiltration Into Pancreatic Islets of Young None Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice
Authors: Shehata Ahmed , Quintanilla-Fend Leticia , Bettio Sabrina , Kamyabi-Moghaddam Zahra , Kohlhofer Ursula , Scherbaum Werner , Ammon Hermann 
Published: July 2017

Abstract11-Keto-β-Boswellic acid (KBA) has been shown to prevent infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells in an animal model of autoimmune diabetes caused by injection of Multiple Low Doses of Streptozotocin (MLD-STZ), which is a chemical compound belonging to the class of nitrososureas. The aim of this work was to study whether or not KBA can also prevent/attenuate infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells in an animal model of autoimmune diabetes caused by genetic dysfunction resembling human type 1 diabetes in several important features. Four weeks old female NOD mice received daily i.p. injections of 7.5 mg/kg of KBA over a period of 3 weeks. Compared to 4 weeks old animals there was significant infiltration of lymphocytes (CD3) into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells in the period between 4 and 7 weeks. During this time plasma glucose dropped significantly and body weight did not increase. As far as pro-inflammatory cytokines are concerned, except a small increase of IFN-γ, there was no change in the blood. In mice that had been treated with KBA between 4 and 7 weeks after birth no significant infiltration of lymphocytes into pancreatic islets and appearance of peri-insular apoptotic cells was observed, when compared to 4 weeks old mice. Moreover, there was no drop of blood glucose and the animals gained body weight. It is concluded that – similar to the model of MLD-STZ-diabetes – also in the NOD mouse model KBA is able to attenuate or even prevent development of insulitis, suggesting that KBA protects islets from autoimmune reaction regardless whether the signal is provided by a chemical compound or by genetic dysfunction. Whether this also holds for human type 1 diabetes remains to be established.
Eine Dekade Arztbewertungsportale in Deutschland: Eine Zwischenbilanz zum aktuellen Entwicklungsstand
Authors: Emmert Martin , Meszmer Nina 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Arztbewertungsportale bieten neben der Suche nach Ärzten die Möglichkeit, diese online zu bewerten. Nach einer Dekade Präsenz in Deutschland erfolgt anhand von 4 Fragestellungen eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme, um deren Bedeutung für Patienten und das Gesundheitswesen zu evaluieren.
Methodik (1) Eine systematische Internetrecherche zur Identifizierung von Arztbewertungsportalen. (2) Durchführung einer online-Befragung (N=1044 Personen) zur Ermittlung des Bekanntheits- und Nutzungsgrad von Arztbewertungsportalen, deren Einfluss auf die Arztwahl als auch Patientenpräferenzen bei der online Arztsuche. (3) Analyse der Struktur von Onlinebewertungen für eine 11% Stichprobe zufällig gezogener Hautärzte.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 29 Arztbewertungsportale identifiziert. Der Bekanntheitsgrad beträgt 53,6% und der Nutzungsgrad für die Arztsuche 23,4%. Ca. 70% der Portalnutzer gaben an, bei der Arztwahl durch Onlinebewertungen beeinflusst worden zu sein. Nahezu alle Hautärzte konnten auf den Portalen identifiziert werden, 93% davon wurden bereits bewertet (Mittelwert 24,55 Bewertungen). Der Anteil der Ärzte in der besten Notenkategorie beträgt durchschnittlich 55,1%.
Schlussfolgerung Arztbewertungsportale scheinen nach einer Dekade Präsenz in der deutschen Gesundheitsversorgung angekommen zu sein und nehmen eine zunehmend bedeutsamere Rolle ein. Qualitativ hochwertige Studien sollten den Einfluss der Portale auf die Arztwahl untersuchen.
Toward a new understanding of syntactic CLI
Authors: Flynn Suzanne , Berkes Éva 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
With the aim to attain a principled understanding of adult L2/L3 acquisition, we present data from a large corpus that focuses on L2/L3 identification of nominal gaps of empty categories. We show that both surface and abstract properties of the target language play significant roles in development. The analyses of amount correct and nature of errors indicate that the initial state in both L2/L3 studies emerge in terms of the learners’ identification of a nominal gap within the given expression but not necessarily in an L1 manner. Based on the finding that CLI is syntactically selective and principled, multilingual development is to be understood as a specific reconstruction and integration of surface and abstract features of the target language.
Testing the current models of third language acquisition
Authors: Slabakova Roumyana , García Mayo Maria del Pilar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this chapter, we argue that another factor should be brought into the general picture of third and additional language acquisition: the comprehensible linguistic input. Predictions of current models have been predominantly based on the cognitive-psychological prominence of the three languages (native or not, adult-onset or not, naturalistic or instructed, proficient or not) as well as on the structural linguistic properties to be acquired, which may overlap or contrast. We argue that even keeping these two factors constant, discrepancies in learning outcomes still arise, which have to be explained by the linguistic experience of the learners. We support our arguments with results from two recently published studies, which document diverging developmental paths for two properties that should have been acquired in a similar manner.
The L2 status factor hypothesis revisited
Authors: Bardel Camilla , Sánchez Laura 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides a nuanced view of the L2 status factor model, emphasizing explicit metalinguistic knowledge as the key factor governing transfer, together with individual differences in working memory and the operations associated with it. We argue that individual differences regarding the degree of explicit metalinguistic knowledge attained either in the L1 or in the L2 and differences when it comes to working memory, attention and noticing should be taken in consideration when accounting for transfer from previously acquired or learned languages in L3 learning.
Transfer effects in the acquisition of double object constructions in English as an L3
Authors: Agirre Ainara Imaz , García Mayo María del Pilar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present study examines the role of transfer in the processing of double object constructions (DOC) in English as a third language (L3). A group of Basque/Spanish bilinguals and a group of Spanish speakers divided into three proficiency levels completed a self-paced reading task. Findings did not fully confirm the predictions of the L3 transfer models. Evidence from accuracy and reaction time data indicated a non-facilitative role of transfer since participants did not reach native-like accuracy rates across proficiency levels. Moreover, transfer does not seem to occur solely from Spanish, as predicted by the Typological Primacy Model. Proficiency level seems to be relevant when determining transfer in dative alternation.
Transfer from an L2 in third language learning
Authors: Sánchez Laura , Bardel Camilla 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter addresses the role of proficiency in a prior non-native language (L2 proficiency) on transfer in third language learning. It discusses some methodological considerations and gaps in previous research, while also bringing up conceptual difficulties in defining, operationalizing and measuring L2 proficiency. An empirical study is presented on the role played by overall proficiency in L2 German on the occurrence of transfer in L3 English written production in Spanish/ Catalan bilingual learners (n = 73). The statistical treatment of the data relied on an ANCOVA with number of transferred items as the dependent variable and L2 proficiency as the independent variable. Biological age and proficiency in the target language (L3 proficiency) were used as covariates in this analysis.
Input Processing and Processing Instruction
Authors: Benati Alessandro , Schwieter John W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Input Processing refers to the initial process by which learners connect grammatical forms with their meanings as well as how they interpret the roles of nouns in relationship to verbs. The pedagogical intervention derived from this theoretical framework, Processing Instruction (PI), has consistently shown success at improving second language (L2) learners’ processing strategies. PI helps learners to intake “better input” by directing their attention to targeted forms during input processing and to assign grammatical and semantic roles. Although previous findings reveal that PI is an effective pedagogy in L2 learning, in this chapter we explore whether similar benefits would hold for third language (L3) learning. Through considerations related to the complimentary and competitive nature of first languages (L1s) and L2s, along with insight from cognitive bilingualism, we advocate for future studies to test the hypotheses discussed in this chapter.
From theory to practice in multilingualism
Authors: González Alonso Jorge , Rothman Jason 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper aims to show how insights from formal linguistic theory and empirical acquisition work can inform teaching practice in the multilingual classroom. Potential differences will arise depending on multilingual learners’ language history, particularly in the divide between true L2 and L3 learners. We show how one can use the predictions of the L3 initial stages models to predict potential areas of difficulty specifically for multilingual learners. With this knowledge, we argue, it is possible to create interventions that help learners overcome potential initial difficulties. We illustrate our line of argumentation by extending insights from published work comparing L2 and L3 acquisition, and provide an example of one such intervention that could be used to induce grammatical change (predicted) for erroneous initially transferred representations made by L3 learners.
Input-Practice-Output
Authors: Hahn Angela , Angelovska Tanja 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the field of Instructed Third Language Acquisition (ITLA), teachers are left alone not knowing how to predict possible transfer phenomena, how to overcome them and how to raise their learners’ metalinguistic awareness. We start from the existing results and non-results of L3 acquisition (transfer) and develop practical applications as part of the Input-Practice-Output Method1 showing that a combination of these three phases allows for an individual, learner-centered and teacher’s awareness-based framework in ITLA. We offer implications for designing teaching materials, planning lessons for multilingual classrooms and for classroom action research.