bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) Muscular–Vibrissal Complex: A Functional Model for Phocid Subambient Pressure Generation
Authors: Marshall Christopher D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBearded seals possess a broad muscular snout with large mystacial vibrissal fields that are involved in tactile sensation and prey identification. Although the microstructure of bearded seal vibrissae and their feeding performance have been investigated their orofacial morphology has not. Such morphological studies are important to understand the underlying mechanisms of feeding performance and to test proposed functional hypotheses. Therefore, the facial musculature was examined in bearded seals to test functional hypotheses regarding feeding performance. The orofacial musculature is composed primarily of three enlarged muscular layers, the M. levator nasolabialis, M. orbicularis oris, and M. buccinatorius (superficial), M. maxillonasolabialis (intermediate), and the M. lateralis nasi and M. dilator nasi (deep). The expansion of these muscles, the three dimensionality of the entire muscular array, the soft tissue insertions, and constant volume fit the model of a muscular hydrostat, and explains the detailed and varied mobility of their snout. An anastomosing network of CN VII innervates these facial muscles. The disproportionately large infraorbital nerve of CN V courses toward the snout and divides into numerous branches that penetrate the external capsule of every Follicle Sinus‐Complex. The anatomical evidence support that the M. orbicularis oris, M. buccinatorius, and M. maxillonasolabialis form a robust lateral lip complex that can occluded lateral gape during subambient pressure generation. The rostral portion of the M. orbicularis oris, M. dilator nasi, and M. mentalis function to pursue the rostral lips to form a circular aperture important for projecting steep pressure gradients rostral to the lips for prey acquisition. Anat Rec, 299:1043–1053, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective Recognition by Chiral Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Zhang Li , Jin Qingxian , Liu Minghua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChiral supramolecular gels, in which small organic molecules self‐assemble into chiral nanostructures and entangle each other to immobilize solvents through various noncovalent interactions, can work as a matrix for enantioselective recognition on chiral analytes. Through gelation and the formation of well‐defined nanostructures, the chiral sense of the component molecules can be accumulated or amplified, and thus, the enantioselective recognition ability can be enhanced. Furthermore, a chiral microenvironment formed in the gel networks could provide additional stereochemical recognition geometry and attribute to efficient recognition. In this focus review, enantioselective recognition on chiral analytes through chiral supramolecular gels, with either amplified signals or the gel–sol phase transition, is discussed. This review is expected to provide useful insights into the design and fabrication of supramolecular gel systems with chiral features and high enantioselectivity.
Development of a large peptoid–DOTA combinatorial library
Authors: Singh Jaspal , Lopes Daniel , Gomika Udugamasooriya D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractConventional one‐bead one‐compound (OBOC) library synthesis is typically used to identify molecules with therapeutic value. The design and synthesis of OBOC libraries that contain molecules with imaging or even potentially therapeutic and diagnostic capacities (e.g. theranostic agents) has been overlooked. The development of a therapeutically active molecule with a built‐in imaging component for a certain target is a daunting task, and structure‐based rational design might not be the best approach. We hypothesize to develop a combinatorial library with potentially therapeutic and imaging components fused together in each molecule. Such molecules in the library can be used to screen, identify, and validate as direct theranostic candidates against targets of interest. As the first step in achieving that aim, we developed an on‐bead library of 153,600 Peptoid–DOTA compounds in which the peptoids are the target‐recognizing and potentially therapeutic components and the DOTA is the imaging component. We attached the DOTA scaffold to TentaGel beads using one of the four arms of DOTA, and we built a diversified 6‐mer peptoid library on the remaining three arms. We evaluated both the synthesis and the mass spectrometric sequencing capacities of the test compounds and of the final library. The compounds displayed unique ionization patterns including direct breakages of the DOTA scaffold into two units, allowing clear decoding of the sequences. Our approach provides a facile synthesis method for the complete on‐bead development of large peptidomimetic–DOTA libraries for screening against biological targets for the identification of potential theranostic agents in the future. © 2016 The Authors. Biopolymers Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 673–684, 2016.
Noncovalent inhibitors of human 20S and 26S proteasome based on trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1
Authors: Dębowski Dawid , Cichorek Mirosława , Lubos Marta , Wójcik Sławomir , Łęgowska Anna , Rolka Krzysztof 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI‐1) is recognized as an attractive scaffold to designed potent inhibitors of various proteases. We have recently found that its analogues inhibit noncovalently both human and yeast 20S proteasomes. Here, a set of novel and more potent in vitro inhibitors is presented. The inhibitory potency of the peptides was assessed with human 20S proteasome in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and with human 26 proteasome. Their antiproliferative action against tumor (human melanoma cells A375) and normal cells (46 BR.1N human fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes) was determined. The selected fluoresceine‐labeled inhibitors were able to internalize into A375 cells and were sometimes present as foci in the cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 685–696, 2016.
Subunit‐Specific Labeling of Ubiquitin Chains by Using Sortase: Insights into the Selectivity of Deubiquitinases
Authors: Crowe Sean O. , Pham Grace H. , Ziegler Jacob C. , Deol Kirandeep K. , Guenette Robert G. , Ge Ying , Strieter Eric R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInformation embedded in different ubiquitin chains is transduced by proteins with ubiquitin‐binding domains (UBDs) and erased by a set of hydrolytic enzymes referred to as deubiquitinases (DUBs). Understanding the selectivity of UBDs and DUBs is necessary for decoding the functions of different ubiquitin chains. Critical to these efforts is the access to chemically defined ubiquitin chains bearing site‐specific fluorescent labels. One approach toward constructing such molecules involves peptide ligation by sortase (SrtA), a bacterial transpeptidase responsible for covalently attaching cell surface proteins to the cell wall. Here, we demonstrate the utility of SrtA in modifying individual subunits of ubiquitin chains. Using ubiquitin derivatives in which an N‐terminal glycine is unveiled after protease‐mediated digestion, we synthesized ubiquitin dimers, trimers, and tetramers with different isopeptide linkages. SrtA was then used in combination with fluorescent depsipeptide substrates to effect the modification of each subunit in a chain. By constructing branched ubiquitin chains with individual subunits tagged with a fluorophore, we provide evidence that the ubiquitin‐specific protease USP15 prefers ubiquitin trimers but has little preference for a particular isopeptide linkage. Our results emphasize the importance of subunit‐specific labeling of ubiquitin chains when studying how DUBs process these chains.
Transradial and transulnar access for iliac artery interventions using sheathless guiding systems: A feasibility study
Authors: Ruzsa Z. , Tóth K. , Nemes B. , Édes I.F. , Nardai S. , Berta B. , Kovács N. , Hüttl K. , Merkely B. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeOur aim was to evaluate the acute success and complication rates of the transradial and transulnar access for iliac artery stenting using sheathless guiding systems.MethodsClinical and angiographic data from 156 consecutive patients with symptomatic iliac artery stenosis who were treated with transradial or transulnar access were evaluated. All patients underwent Duplex ultrasound before and after the intervention. The primary endpoints were the procedural success rate, major adverse events, and access site complication rates. The secondary endpoints were the angiographic result of the iliac artery intervention, fluoroscopy time, X‐ray dose, procedure length, crossover rate to another puncture site and hospitalization duration. The impact of the learning curve was also investigated, along with right or left radial access.ResultsThe indication for the intervention was intermittent claudication in 109 patients (69.9%), critical limb ischemia in 44 (28.2%) subjects and acute limb ischemia in three individuals (1.9%). Technical success was achieved in 155 patients (99.4%), with a crossover rate of 3.8%. Radial and ulnar artery access was used in 151 (96.8%) and 7 (4.5%) patients, respectively. The Ankle‐brachial index increased from 0.69 [0.65–0.72] to 0.91 [0.88–0.95] as a result of the procedures (P < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of major adverse events was 3.8% at the 2‐month follow‐up (0% in patients with intermittent claudication and 13.8% in patients with critical limb ischemia). Radial artery access site complications were encountered in eight patients (5.1%). We documented decreased X‐ray doses (1742.0 [783.9–2701] vs. 1435 [991.1–1879] vs. 692.8 [275.3–1110] Gy cm−2 P < 0.05) over time; however, the fluoroscopy time, procedure time, and contrast consumption were not significantly different. Left hand access was not associated with significantly better results than right radial artery access.ConclusionsIliac artery stenting can be safely and effectively performed using radial or ulnar artery access and sheathless guiding catheters, with acceptable complication rates and high levels of technical success. The physician learning curve plays an important role in decreasing the X‐ray dose. © 2016 The Authors. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Synthesis and Tunable Porosities of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Polymers that Contain In Situ Formed Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yangxin , Zhong Hong , Li Liuyi , Wang Ruihu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of porous imidazolium‐based ionic polymers that contain in situ formed Pd nanoparticles (Pd@PIPs) was synthesized by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction in the presence of SiO2 particles. The hierarchical porosities of Pd@PIPs can be regulated well by adjusting the dosage of SiO2. Pd nanoparticles are formed concomitantly and encapsulated uniformly within the pores of the polymers. The appropriate usage of SiO2 templates results in a clear enhancement of the catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes without the addition of extra Pd species. The excellent catalytic performances are attributed to abundant meso‐ and macropores that facilitate the mass transfer of substrates during catalytic reactions.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Alkene Difunctionalization with Nitrenes
Authors: Ciesielski Jennifer , Dequirez Geoffroy , Retailleau Pascal , Gandon Vincent , Dauban Philippe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe RhII‐catalyzed oxyamination and diamination of alkenes generate 1,2‐amino alcohols and 1,2‐diamines, respectively, in good to excellent yields and with complete regiocontrol. In the case of diamination, the intramolecular reaction provides an efficient method for the preparation of pyrrolidines, and the intermolecular reaction produces vicinal amines with orthogonal protecting groups. These alkene difunctionalizations proceed by aziridination followed by nucleophilic ring opening induced by an Rh‐bound nitrene generated in situ, details of which were uncovered by both experimental and theoretical studies. In particular, DFT calculations show that the nitrogen atom of the putative [Rh]2=NR metallanitrene intermediate is electrophilic and support an aziridine activation pathway by N⋅⋅⋅N=[Rh]2 bond formation, in addition to the N⋅⋅⋅[Rh]2=NR coordination mode.
Bis‐clickable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Straightforward Preparation of Light‐Actuated Nanomachines for Controlled Drug Delivery with Active Targeting
Authors: Noureddine Achraf , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Lichon Laure , Garcia Marcel , Zink Jeffrey I. , Wong Chi Man Michel , Cattoën Xavier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBis(clickable) mesoporous silica nanospheres (ca. 100 nm) were obtained by the co‐condensation of TEOS with variable amounts (2–5 % each) of two clickable organosilanes in the presence of CTAB. Such nanoparticles could be easily functionalized with two independent functions using the copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction to transform them into nanomachines bearing cancer cell targeting ligands with the ability to deliver drugs on‐demand. The active targeting was made possible after anchoring folic acid by CuAAC click reaction, whereas the controlled delivery was performed by clicked azobenzene fragments. Indeed, the azobenzene groups are able to obstruct the pores of the nanoparticles in the dark whereas upon irradiation in the UV or in the blue range, theirtrans‐to‐cisphotoisomerization provokes disorder in the pores, enabling the delivery of the cargo molecules. The on‐command delivery was proven in solution by dye release experiments, and in vitro by doxorubicin delivery. The added value of the folic acid ligand was clearly evidenced by the difference of cell killing induced by doxorubicin‐loaded nanoparticles under blue irradiation, depending on whether the particles featured the clicked folic acid ligand or not.
The Conformational Map of Volatile Anesthetics: Enflurane Revisited
Authors: Pérez Cristóbal , Caballero‐Mancebo Elena , Lesarri Alberto , Cocinero Emilio J. , Alkorta Ibon , Suenram Richard D. , Grabow Jens‐Uwe , Pate Brooks H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious ambiguities in the conformational and structural landscape of the volatile anesthetic enflurane have been solved combining microwave spectroscopy in a jet expansion and ab initio calculations. The broadband (2–18 GHz) rotational spectra identified three different rotamers, sharing a common trans ether skeleton but differing in the ±gauche/trans position of the terminal chlorine atom. For each chlorine conformation two different gauche orientations were predicted for the opposite difluoromethyl group, but only one is experimentally observable due to collisional relaxation in the jet. The experimental dataset comprised nine different isotopologues (35Cl, 37Cl, 13C) and a large number (>6500) of rotational transitions. The inertial data provided structural information using the substitution and effective procedures. The structural preferences were rationalized with additional ab initio, natural‐bond‐orbital and non‐covalent‐interaction analysis, which suggest that plausible anomeric effects at the difluoromethyl group could be overridden by other intramolecular effects. The difluoromethyl orientation thus reflects a minimization of inter‐fluorine repulsions while maximizing F⋅⋅⋅H attractive interactions. A comparison with previous electron diffraction and spectroscopic data in the gas and condensed phases finally resulted in a comprehensive description of this ether, completing a rotational description of the most common multi‐halogenated anesthetics.
Herstellung von Glycerin‐tert‐butylethern – Entwicklung vom Labor bis zur Miniplant
Authors: Behr Arno , Kleyensteiber Alexander , Domke Lutz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDi‐ und Tri‐tert‐butylether des Glycerins (h‐GTBE) sind durch ihren unpolaren Charakter hervorragend mischbar mit zahlreichen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Sie besitzen ausgezeichnete Verbrennungseigenschaften und sind damit besonders attraktiv für den Einsatz als Kraftstoffadditive. In dieser Arbeit wurde die säurekatalysierte Hydroalkoxylierung von Glycerin und Isobuten zur Herstellung von h‐GTBE studiert. Voruntersuchungen ermöglichten die Ermittlung der Reaktionsparameter sowie die Abtrennung der Produkte. Unter Rückführung der Ausgangstoffe wurde eine kontinuierlich betriebene Miniplant im Langzeitbetrieb errichtet.
Patterns and predictors of clustered risky health behaviors among adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Lown E. Anne , Hijiya Nobuko , Zhang Nan , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Leisenring Wendy M. , Nathan Paul C. , Castellino Sharon M. , Devine Katie A. , Dilley Kimberley , Krull Kevin R. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDHealth complications related to childhood cancer may be influenced by risky health behaviors (RHBs), particularly when RHBs co‐occur. To the authors' knowledge, only limited information is available describing how RHBs cluster among survivors of childhood cancer and their siblings and the risk factors for co‐occurring RHBs.METHODSLatent class analysis was used to identify RHB clusters using longitudinal survey data regarding smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity from adult survivors (4184 survivors) and siblings (1598 siblings) in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Generalized logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between demographic characteristics, treatment exposures, psychological distress, health conditions, and cluster membership.RESULTSThree RHB clusters were identified: a low‐risk cluster, an insufficiently active cluster, and a high‐risk cluster (tobacco and risky alcohol use and insufficient activity). Compared with siblings, survivors were more likely to be in the insufficiently active cluster (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06‐1.27) and were less likely to be in the high‐risk cluster (ORadj, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.88). Risk factors for membership in the high‐risk cluster included psychological distress (ORadj, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.98‐3.86), low educational attainment (ORadj, 7.49; 95% CI, 5.15‐10.88), income <$20,000 (ORadj, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.93‐3.57), being divorced/separated or widowed (ORadj, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.79), and limb amputation (ORadj, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03‐2.24). Risk factors for the insufficiently active cluster included chronic health conditions, psychological distress, low education or income, being obese or overweight, female sex, nonwhite race/ethnicity, single marital status, cranial radiation, and cisplatin exposure.CONCLUSIONSRHBs co‐occur in survivors of childhood cancer and their siblings. Economic and educational disadvantages and psychological distress should be considered in screening and interventions to reduce RHBs. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2747–2756. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Gold Nanoparticle Cluster Arrays for High‐Performance SERS Substrates Fabricated by Electro‐oxidative Lithography
Authors: Liu He , Schwenke Almut M. , Kretschmer Florian , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe availability of high‐performance substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in a reproducible fashion is of tremendous importance for transferring the technology into a routine analysis tool. We describe the fabrication of highly efficient SERS substrates facilitating enhancement factors as high as ∼5×106 by combining self‐assembly strategies with electro‐oxidative nanolithography, which allows the fabrication of cluster arrays consisting of individual gold nanoparticles at ambient conditions and at low costs. Different aspects on the fabrication process, that is, the optimization of the cluster distances, the contribution of intra‐ and interparticle plasmon coupling, as well as the determination of the signal enhancement and substrate reproducibility, are discussed.
BiVO4‐TiO2 Composite Photocatalysts for Dye Degradation Formed Using the SILAR Method
Authors: Odling Gylen , Robertson Neil 
Published: June 2016

AbstractComposite photocatalyst films have been fabricated by depositing BiVO4 upon TiO2 via a sequential ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) method. The photocatalytic materials were investigated by XRD, TEM, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), XPS, photoluminescence and Mott–Schottky analyses. SILAR processing was found to deposit monoclinic‐scheelite BiVO4 nanoparticles onto the surface, giving successive improvements in the films′ visible light harvesting. Electrochemical and valence band XPS studies revealed that the prepared heterojunctions have a type II band structure, with the BiVO4 conduction band and valence band lying cathodically shifted from those of TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of the films was measured by the decolourisation of the dye rhodamine 6G using λ>400 nm visible light. It was found that five SILAR cycles was optimal, with a pseudo‐first‐order rate constant of 0.004 min−1. As a reference material, the same SILAR modification has been made to an inactive wide‐band‐gap ZrO2 film, where the mismatch of conduction and valence band energies disallows charge separation. The photocatalytic activity of the BiVO4–ZrO2 system was found to be significantly reduced, highlighting the importance of charge separation across the interface. The mechanism of action of the photocatalysts has also been investigated, in particular the effect of self‐sensitisation by the model organic dye and the ability of the dye to inject electrons into the photocatalyst′s conduction band.