bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies: a 5-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Rongve A , Soennesyn H , Skogseth Ragnhild , Oesterhus Ragnhild , Hortobágyi T , Ballard Clive , Auestad B H , Aarsland D 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesWe report the cognitive decline in persons diagnosed with mild dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) during 5 years of annual follow-ups.MethodsPatients were recruited into the study from geriatric, psychiatric and neurology clinics in Western Norway during 2005–2013. They were diagnosed according to clinical consensus criteria, based on standardised clinical rating scales. Autopsy-based diagnoses were available for 20 cases. Cognitive decline for up to 5 years was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Survival analysis including Cox regression (time to reach severe dementia) and linear mixed-effects (lme) modelling were used to model the decline on MMSE.ResultsAt least one follow-up assessment was available for 67 patients with DLB and 107 patients with AD, with a median follow-up time of 4.3 years. The time to reach severe dementia was significantly shorter in DLB (median 1793 days) compared with AD (1947 days; p=0.033), and the difference remained significant in the multiple Cox regression analysis (HR=2.0, p<0.02). In the adjusted lme model, MMSE decline was faster in DLB (annual decline 4.4 points) compared with AD (3.2 points; p<0.008).ConclusionsOur findings show that from the mild dementia stage, patients with DLB have a more rapid cognitive decline than in AD. Such prognostic information is vital for patients and families and crucial for planning clinical trials and enabling health economic modelling.
Mobilising a team for the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist: a qualitative video study
Authors: Korkiakangas Terhi 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundOne challenge identified in the Surgical Safety Checklist literature is the inconsistent participation of operating teams in the safety checks. Less is known about how teams move from preparatory activities into a huddle, and how communication underpins this gathering. The objective of this study is to examine the ways of mobilising teams and the level of participation in the safety checks.MethodsTeam participation in time-out and sign-out was examined from a video corpus of 20 elective surgical operations. Teams included surgeons, nurses and anaesthetists in a UK teaching hospital, scheduled to work in the operations observed. Qualitative video analysis of team participation was adapted from the study of social interaction.ResultsThe key aspects of team mobilisation were the timing of the checklist, the distribution of personnel in the theatre and the instigation practices used. These were interlinked in bringing about the participation outcomes, the number of people huddling up for time-out and sign-out. Timing seemed appropriate when most personnel were present in the theatre suite; poor timing was marked by personnel dispersed through the theatre. Participation could be managed using the instigation practices, which included or excluded participation within teams. The factors hindering full-team participation at time-out and sign-out were the overlapping (eg, anaesthetic and nursing) responsibilities and the use of exclusive instigation practices.ConclusionsThe implementation of the Surgical Safety Checklist represents a global concern in patient safety research. Yet how teams huddle for the checks has to be acknowledged as an issue in its own right. Appropriate mobilisation practices can help bringing fuller teams together, which has direct relevance to team training.
Haploidentical versus Matched-Sibling Transplant in Adults with Philadelphia-Negative High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Biologically Phase III Randomized Study
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Qi-Fa , Xu Lan-Ping , Liu Kai-Yan , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Ma Xiao , Wu Mei-Qing , Wu De-Pei , Huang Xiao-Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurpose: Although matched-sibling donor (MSD) hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) has an established role in the management of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1), the effect of haploidentical donor (HID) HSCT as post-remission treatment for this portion of patients is not defined.Experimental Design: Transplantation outcomes from HIDs or MSDs were compared in a disease-specific, biologically phase III randomized, multicenter study. Between July 2010 and December 2013, 210 patients with Philadelphia-negative high-risk ALL in CR1 were assigned to undergo unmanipulated HIDs (121 patients) or MSDs HSCT (89 patients) according to donor availability on an intent-to-treat (ITT) basis.Results: Overall, 24 of the 210 patients had lost transplant eligibility. Therefore, 186 of 210 (88%) patients were finally transplanted from MSD (n = 83) or HID (n = 103). Based on the ITT principle, the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) did not differ between HID and MSD groups [61%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 52%–70%; vs. 60%, CI, 49%–71%; P = 0.91] from CR, neither did DFS differ between the two groups (68%, CI, 58%–78%; vs. 64%, CI, 52%–76%; P = 0.56) from time of the graft, with cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality of 13% (CI, 7%–19%) and 11% (CI, 4%–18%; P = 0.84) and relapse rates of 18% (CI, 10%–26%) and 24% (CI, 14%–34%; P = 0.30), respectively.Conclusions: Haploidentical HSCT achieves outcomes similar to those of MSD-HSCT for Philadelphia-negative high-risk ALL patients in CR1. Such transplantation could be a valid alternative as post-remission treatment for high-risk ALL patients in CR1 lacking an identical donor. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3467–76. ©2016 AACR.
Chikusetsusaponin IVa Butyl Ester (CS-IVa-Be), a Novel IL6R Antagonist, Inhibits IL6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Yang Jie , Qian Shihui , Cai Xueting , Lu Wuguang , Hu Chunping , Sun Xiaoyan , Yang Yang , Yu Qiang , Gao S. Paul , Cao Peng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The activation of IL6/STAT3 signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of many cancers. Agents that suppress IL6/STAT3 signaling have cancer-therapeutic potential. In this study, we found that chikusetsusaponin IVa butyl ester (CS-IVa-Be), a triterpenoid saponin extracted from Acanthopanas gracilistylus W.W.Smith, induced cancer cell apoptosis. CS-IVa-Be inhibited constitutive and IL6-induced STAT3 activation, repressed STAT3 DNA-binding activity, STAT3 nuclear translocation, IL6-induced STAT3 luciferase reporter activity, IL6-induced STAT3-regulated antiapoptosis gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells, and IL6-induced TF-1 cell proliferation. Surprisingly, CS-IVa-Be inhibited IL6 family cytokines rather than other cytokines induced STAT3 activation. Further studies indicated that CS-IVa-Be is an antagonist of IL6 receptor via directly binding to the IL6Rα with a Kd of 663 ± 74 nmol/L and the GP130 (IL6Rβ) with a Kd of 1,660 ± 243 nmol/L, interfering with the binding of IL6 to IL6R (IL6Rα and GP130) in vitro and in cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of CS-IVa-Be on the IL6–IL6Rα–GP130 interaction was relatively specific as CS-IVa-Be showed higher affinity to IL6Rα than to LIFR (Kd: 4,910 ± 1,240 nmol/L) and LeptinR (Kd: 4,990 ± 915 nmol/L). We next demonstrated that CS-IVa-Be not only directly induced cancer cell apoptosis but also sensitized MDA-MB-231 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via upregulating DR5. Our findings suggest that CS-IVa-Be as a novel IL6R antagonist inhibits IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway and sensitizes the MDA-MB-231 cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1190–200. ©2016 AACR.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II, Presurgical Biomarker Trial of Celecoxib Versus Exemestane in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Aristarco Valentina , Serrano Davide , Gandini Sara , Johansson Harriet , Macis Debora , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Lazzeroni Matteo , Feroce Irene , Pruneri Giancarlo , Pagani Gianmatteo , Toesca Antonio , Caldarella Pietro , DeCensi Andrea , Bonanni Bernardo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn breast cancer presurgical trials, the Ki-67 labeling index predicts disease outcome and offers clues to the preventive potential of drugs. We conducted a placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the activity of exemestane and celecoxib before surgery. The main endpoint was the change in Ki-67. Secondary endpoints were the modulation of circulating biomarkers. Postmenopausal women with histologically confirmed estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer were randomly assigned to exemestane 25 mg/day (n = 50), or celecoxib 800 mg/day (n = 50), or placebo (n = 25) for 6 weeks before surgery. Changes in biomarkers were analyzed through an ANCOVA model adjusting for baseline values. Exemestane showed a median absolute 10% reduction in Ki-67 [from 22 (interquartile range, IQR, 16–27), to 8 (IQR 5–18)], and a 15% absolute reduction in PgR expression [from 50 (IQR 3–90) to 15 (IQR −0–30)] after 6 weeks of treatment. Exemestane significantly increased testosterone [median change 0.21 ng/mL, (IQR 0.12–0.35)], decreased SHBG [median change −14.6 nmol/L, (IQR −23.1 to −8.6)], decreased total and HDL cholesterol by −10 mg/dL (IQR −21–2) and −7 mg/dL, (IQR −14 to −2), respectively. Triglycerides were reduced by both agents [median change −0.5 mg/dL (IQR −17.5–13.5) and −8 mg/dL (IQR −28–9) for celecoxib and exemestane, respectively]. Exemestane showed a remarkable antiproliferative effect on breast cancer, whereas celecoxib did not affect breast cancer proliferation. Given the proven preventive efficacy of exemestane, these findings support the use of Ki-67 to explore the optimal exemestane dose and schedule in the prevention setting. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 349–56. ©2016 AACR.
PD-1hi Identifies a Novel Regulatory B-cell Population in Human Hepatoma That Promotes Disease Progression
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Lao Xiang-Ming , Chen Min-Min , Liu Rui-Xian , Wei Yuan , Ouyang Fang-Zhu , Chen Dong-Ping , Zhao Xiao-Yu , Zhao Qiyi , Li Xue-Feng , Liu Chuan-Lu , Zheng Limin , Kuang Dong-Ming 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
B cells often constitute abundant cellular components in human tumors. Regulatory B cells that are functionally defined by their ability to produce IL10 downregulate inflammation and control T-cell immunity. Here, we identified a protumorigenic subset of B cells that constitutively expressed higher levels of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and constituted ∼10% of all B cells in advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These PD-1hi B cells exhibited a unique CD5hiCD24−/+CD27hi/+CD38dim phenotype different from the phenotype of conventional CD24hiCD38hi peripheral regulatory B cells. TLR4-mediated BCL6 upregulation was crucial for PD-1hi B-cell induction by HCC environmental factors, and that effect was abolished by IL4-elicited STAT6 phosphorylation. Importantly, upon encountering PD-L1+ cells or undergoing PD-1 triggering, PD-1hi B cells acquired regulatory functions that suppressed tumor-specific T-cell immunity and promoted cancer growth via IL10 signals. Our findings provide significant new insights for human cancer immunosuppression and anticancer therapies regarding PD-1/PD-L1.
Significance: We identify a novel protumorigenic PD-1hi B-cell subset in human HCC that exhibits a phenotype distinct from that of peripheral regulatory B cells. TLR4-mediated BCL6 upregulation is critical for induction of PD-1hi B cells, which operate via IL10-dependent pathways upon interacting with PD-L1 to cause T-cell dysfunction and foster disease progression. Cancer Discov; 6(5); 546–59. ©2016 AACR.
See related commentary by Ren et al., p. 477.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 461
ПРОЗАПАЛЬНИЙ ЦИТОКІН ЕНДОТЕЛІАЛЬНИЙ МОНОЦИТАКТИВУЮЧИЙ ПЕПТИД ІІ: ВМІСТ У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ ПРИ ЦУКРОВОМУ ДІАБЕТІ
Authors: Mohylnytska L. A. , Tuzova O. V. 
Published: March 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. Досліджували вміст ендотеліального моноцитактивуючого пептиду ІІ (ЕМАР-ІІ) у сироватці крові при цукровому діабеті 1-го та 2-го типів, встановлювали можливий зв’язок з показниками вуглеводного обміну. Виявлено підвищення вмісту ЕМАР-ІІ у сироватці крові при цукровому діабеті 1-го та 2-го типів. Рівень пептиду прямо корелював з вмістом глікозильованого гемоглобіну, глюкози крові. Підвищення вмісту ЕМАР-ІІ може бути одним з проявів ендотеліальної дисфункції при цукровому діабеті 1-го та 2-го типів, а порушення вуглеводного обміну може впливати на розвиток виявлених зрушень.</p><p> </p>КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: ендотеліальний моноцитактивуючий пептид ІІ, цукровий діабет, ендотеліальна дисфункція
Діагностика та лікування хворих з абсцесами печінки
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. O. , Kaminskyi O. A. , Biloschytskyi V. F. , Makarov V. M. 
Published: March 2016

<p>У статті наведено досвід лікування 66 хворих з абсцесами печінки (АП). 38 пацієнтів були оперовані відкритим традиційним методом, 28 – шляхом використання міні-інвазивних технологій під контролем УЗД. Значна більшість АП правої частки локалізувалась в 7, 8 сегментах, лівої частки – в 3, 4 сегментах. Об’єм рідинних утворів сягав від 1–2 мл до 1,2 л. Абсцеси печінки мали, як правило, вторинний характер. Застосування міні-інвазивних технологій є ефективним методом лікування АП, дозволяє значно зменшити частоту ускладнень, тривалість госпіталізації та якість життя хворих. Летальних наслідків не було.<strong></strong></p>
До ювілею видатного українського вченого Ю. І. Губського
Authors: Заічко Н. В. 
Published: March 2016

<p>Проблемна експертна комісія МОЗ та НАМН України “Біологічна та медична хімія”, редколегія журналу “Медична та клінічна хімія” щиро вітають Юрія Івановича Губського з ювілеєм, бажають йому міцного здоров’я і подальших<br />творчих успіхів у його багатогранній науковопедагогічній та громадській діяльності.</p>
The investigation of the amino acids content and polysaccharides in the above and underground parts of Primula veris L.
Authors: Shostak L. H. , Marchyshyn S. M. , Lukanyuk M. I. , Demydyak O. L. 
Published: March 2016

<p>There were determined the amino acids contents and complex of polysaccharides of the above and underground parts of Primula veris L. In the plant materials it was established the general content of amino acids and the content of free amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Ther were identified from 21 to 23 amino acids and 7 were essential. It was determined their quantity content. The fractions of soluble polysaccharides and pectins were isolated from the studied materials and determined their contents. In the leaves, flowers and rhizomes with<br />roots there were established the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the free saccharides by the gas chromatography.</p>
Quantifying the Area at Risk in Reperfused ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Using Hybrid Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography–Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , White Steven K. , Fröhlich Georg M. , Casson Steven G. , O’Meara Celia , Newton Ayla , Nicholas Jennifer , Weale Peter , Wan Simon M.Y. , Sirker Alex , Moon James C. , Yellon Derek M. , Groves Ashley , Menezes Leon , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Hybrid positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance allows the advantages of magnetic resonance in tissue characterizing the myocardium to be combined with the unique metabolic insights of positron emission tomography. We hypothesized that the area of reduced myocardial glucose uptake would closely match the area at risk delineated by T2 mapping in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients.

Methods and Results—

Hybrid positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance using
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for glucose uptake was performed in 21 ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients at a median of 5 days. Follow-up scans were performed in a subset of patients 12 months later. The area of reduced FDG uptake was significantly larger than the infarct size quantified by late gadolinium enhancement (37.2±11.6% versus 22.3±11.7%;
P
<0.001) and closely matched the area at risk by T2 mapping (37.2±11.6% versus 36.3±12.2%;
P
=0.10, R=0.98, bias 0.9±4.4%). On the follow-up scans, the area of reduced FDG uptake was significantly smaller in size when compared with the acute scans (19.5 [6.3%–31.8%] versus 44.0 [21.3%–55.3%];
P
=0.002) and closely correlated with the areas of late gadolinium enhancement (R 0.98) with a small bias of 2.0±5.6%. An FDG uptake of ≥45% on the acute scans could predict viable myocardium on the follow-up scan. Both transmural extent of late gadolinium enhancement and FDG uptake on the acute scan performed equally well to predict segmental wall motion recovery.

Conclusions—
Hybrid positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance in the reperfused ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients showed reduced myocardial glucose uptake within the area at risk and closely matched the area at risk delineated by T2 mapping. FDG uptake, as well as transmural extent of late gadolinium enhancement, acutely can identify viable myocardial segments.
Assessment of Despiking Methods for Turbulence Data in Micrometeorology
Authors: Starkenburg Derek , Metzger Stefan , Fochesatto Gilberto J. , Alfieri Joseph G. , Gens Rudiger , Prakash Anupma , Cristóbal Jordi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe computation of turbulent fluxes of heat, momentum, and greenhouse gases requires measurements taken at high sampling frequencies. An important step in this process involves the detection and removal of sudden, short-lived variations that do not represent physical processes and that contaminate the data (i.e., spikes). The objective of this study is to assess the performance of several noteworthy despiking methodologies in order to provide a benchmark assessment and to provide a recommendation that is most applicable to high-frequency micrometeorological data in terms of efficiency and simplicity. The performance of a statistical time window–based algorithm widely used in micrometeorology is compared to three other methodologies (phase space, wavelet based, and median filter). These algorithms are first applied to a synthetic signal (a clean reference version and then one with spikes) in order to assess general performance. Afterward, testing is done on a time series of actual CO2 concentrations that contains extreme systematic spikes every hour owing to instrument interference, as well as several smaller random spike points. The study finds that the median filter and wavelet threshold methods are most reliable, and that their performance by far exceeds statistical time window–based methodologies that use the median or arithmetic mean operator (−34% and −71% reduced root-mean-square deviation, respectively). Overall, the median filter is recommended, as it is most easily automatable for a variety of micrometeorological data types, including data with missing points and low-frequency coherent turbulence.
Evaluating the impact of curriculum infusion on US college students’ alcohol use and academic performance
Authors: Samuolis Jessica , Lazowski Andrew , Kessler Janice 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: This paper explores the extent to which curriculum infusion (CI) impacted undergraduate students’ alcohol use, perceived peer alcohol use, use of protective behavioural strategies, academic performance and course engagement. Design: Two faculty members infused content on norms and protective behavioural strategies into selected academic courses. Setting: This study was conducted in a small liberal arts university in the northeastern part of the USA. Methods: A sample of 215 undergraduates from research design and statistics courses in the fall semester of 2013 and the spring and fall semesters of 2014 were selected. CI was experienced by 100 students and 115 students comprised the comparison group. Surveys were distributed at the end of each semester to these selected groups and the results were analysed. Results: Students who witnessed CI showed no improvement in alcohol use outcomes; however, there was a trend level effect for frequency of use. CI students reported higher expected final grades and similar levels of course engagement to comparison group students. Conclusion: CI is a topic that requires in-depth scientific research to assess its value on positively affecting college drinking consequences. From a pedagogical standpoint, CI was successful since it did not negatively impact on students’ engagement and it was associated with higher expected final grades.
A Conflict between Experience and Professional Learning: Subject Teachers’ Beliefs about Teaching English Language Learners
Authors: Gleeson Margaret , Davison Chris 
Published: March 2016

Secondary schools in Australia have long benefited from state policies aiming to increase the academic success of English language learners (ELLs). Complementary pre-service and in-service teacher education programmes have been implemented to raise the expertise of subject teachers who teach ELL students. However, subject teachers may not be receptive to learning from such programmes. This article explores the attitudes, knowledge and skills of Australian secondary teachers from schools with high numbers of ELL students. Six cases were drawn from a multiple case study investigating how teachers described their understandings about teaching ELLs, and how these understandings developed. Qualitative data were gathered using interviews and a questionnaire that prompted participants to reflect on their theories and practices relating to ELLs. These data were coded thematically, and then analysed according to Davison’s (2001) conception that professional learning occurs only when dissonance disrupts a teacher’s existing beliefs. Findings suggest that teachers’ repertoires developed primarily through classroom experience and teachers did not readily accept professional learning outside their existing epistemology. This raises questions about how in-service and initial teacher education might generate the necessary dissonance for professional learning.
American Evangelicals and Islam: Their Perspectives, Attitudes and Practices Towards Muslims in the US
Authors: Bhatia Amit A 
Published: March 2016

In light of the increasing presence of Muslims in the US, this article elucidates the perspectives, attitudes and practices of American evangelicals towards Muslims in the US. The discussion is informed by data that were gathered through a qualitative study of 40 lay American evangelicals and four pastors, as well as through a focus group study of an evangelical outreach ministry among Muslims. Literature on religious diversity in the US forms the background within which the information drawn from the qualitative interviews and focus group study is discussed and analyzed. The respondents’ perspectives and attitudes towards Islam and Muslims in general are quite negative, as well as conflicted in that while the respondents claimed to be open to interacting and dialoguing with Muslims, their practices towards Muslims were often not so hospitable. This inhospitality was a result of a general fear of Islam and Muslims exhibited by the respondents.