bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic biogeochemical controls on river pCO2 and recent changes under aggravating river impoundment: An example of the subtropical Yangtze River
Authors: Liu Shaoda , Lu Xi Xi , Xia Xinghui , Zhang Shurong , Ran Lishan , Yang Xiankun , Liu Ting 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper highlights two aspects of the dynamic biogeochemical controls of riverine pCO2 in an increasingly impounded large subtropical river (the Yangtze): the terrestrial dominance through internal respiration of land‐derived organic carbon and the influence of increased autotrophic activity in impounded areas on river pCO2. River pCO2 and total organic carbon (TOC) increase downstream on the main stem (pCO2: 528–1703 µatm; TOC: 137–263 µmol/L) and vary significantly among tributaries (464–3300 µatm; TOC: 109–340 µmol/L). pCO2 displays larger spatial variability than temporal variability and is spatially correlated with river organic carbon across the river (p < 0.05–0.0001, seasonally independent). pCO2 is also negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen (r2 = 0.46, p < 0.0001). Respiration of allochthonous organic carbon in water column is concluded as an essential source of CO2 supersaturation and river heterotrophy. However, significant benthic respiration and/or direct soil CO2 transport (e.g., via groundwater, ~80%) exist at the same time. The temporal and spatial distribution of POC compositional characteristics and chlorophyll a indicate the dominant control of terrestrial processes (e.g., organic matter transport and soil erosion) on the river pCO2 biogeochemistry, especially in warm seasons. Increased autotrophy and significant pCO2 decrease (>60%) do occur in impounded areas (especially in nutrient‐rich rivers), but the decrease is mostly temporal and regional (~8% of the data points are significantly influenced, all from the upper reach and/or major tributaries). The paper concludes that terrestrial influence still dominates the pCO2 biogeochemistry in this increasingly intercepted and regulated river system.
Electrodynamic context of magnetopause dynamics observed by magnetospheric multiscale
Authors: Anderson Brian J. , Russell Christopher T. , Strangeway Robert J. , Plaschke Ferdinand , Magnes Werner , Fischer David , Korth Haje , Merkin Viacheslav G. , Barnes Robin J. , Waters Colin L. , Cohen Ian J. , Westlake Joseph H. , Mauk Barry H. , Leinweber Hannes K. , Gershman Daniel J. , Giles Barbara L. , Le Guan , Torbert Roy B. , Burch James L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMagnetopause observations by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Birkeland currents observed by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment are used to relate magnetopause encounters to ionospheric electrodynamics. MMS magnetopause crossings on 15 August and 19 September 2015 occurred earthward of expectations due to solar wind ram pressure alone and coincided with equatorward expansion of the Birkeland currents. Magnetopause erosion, consistent with expansion of the polar cap, contributed to the magnetopause crossings. The ionospheric projections of MMS during the events and at times of the magnetopause crossings indicate that MMS observations are related to the main path of flux transport in one case but not in a second. The analysis provides a way to routinely relate in situ observations to the context of in situ convection and flux transport.
Measurement and imaging of infragravity waves in sea ice using InSAR
Authors: Mahoney Andrew R. , Dammann Dyre O. , Johnson Mark A. , Eicken Hajo , Meyer Franz J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing short‐temporal baseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar, we capture instantaneous images of a persistent field of infragravity waves propagating through sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, during January 2015. We estimate wave amplitudes to be between 1.2 and 1.8 mm. Curvature of wavefronts is consistent with refraction of waves entering shallow water from a source region north of Barrow. A shallow water wave model indicates that the geometry of the wavefronts is relatively insensitive to the source location, but other evidence suggests the waves may have originated in the North Atlantic, making this perhaps the longest observed propagation path for waves through ice. We also note that steepening of the waves entering shallow water can increase the peak strain by an order of magnitude, suggesting that infragravity waves may play a role in determining the location of the landfast ice edge with respect to water depth.
Improving past sea surface temperature reconstructions from the Southern Hemisphere oceans using planktonic foraminiferal census data
Authors: Haddam N. A. , Michel E. , Siani G. , Cortese G. , Bostock H. C. , Duprat J. M. , Isguder G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present an improved database of planktonic foraminiferal census counts from the Southern Hemisphere oceans (SHO) from 15°S to 64°S. The SHO database combines three existing databases. Using this SHO database, we investigated dissolution biases that might affect faunal census counts. We suggest a depth/
threshold of ~3800 m/
= ~ −10 to −5 µmol/kg for the Pacific and Indian Oceans and ~4000 m/
= ~0 to 10 µmol/kg for the Atlantic Ocean, under which core‐top assemblages can be affected by dissolution and are less reliable for paleo‐sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions. We removed all core tops beyond these thresholds from the SHO database. This database has 598 core tops and is able to reconstruct past SST variations from 2° to 25.5°C, with a root mean square error of 1.00°C, for annual temperatures. To inspect how dissolution affects SST reconstruction quality, we tested the data base with two “leave‐one‐out” tests, with and without the deep core tops. We used this database to reconstruct summer SST (SSST) over the last 20 ka, using the Modern Analog Technique method, on the Southeast Pacific core MD07‐3100. This was compared to the SSST reconstructed using the three databases used to compile the SHO database, thus showing that the reconstruction using the SHO database is more reliable, as its dissimilarity values are the lowest. The most important aspect here is the importance of a bias‐free, geographic‐rich database. We leave this data set open‐ended to future additions; the new core tops must be carefully selected, with their chronological frameworks, and evidence of dissolution assessed.
Influence of Alcohol Consumption on the Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women in the Nurses’ Health Study Cohorts
Authors: Barbhaiya Medha , Lu Bing , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Malspeis Susan , Chang Shun‐Chiao , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveModerate alcohol consumption has antiinflammatory properties and is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis risks. We investigated the association between alcohol consumption and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk among women followed in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) cohorts.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort analysis among 204,055 women in NHS (1980–2012) and NHSII (1989–2011) who were free of connective tissue disease and provided alcohol information at baseline. Alcohol consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire every 2–4 years. We validated incident SLE through medical record review after self‐report. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for SLE based on cumulative average alcohol intake, adjusting for potential confounders. Results were meta‐analyzed using DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects models. We further investigated SLE risk associated with wine, beer, and liquor intake.ResultsWe identified 125 incident SLE cases in NHS and 119 in NHSII. Mean ± SD age at SLE diagnosis was 55.8 ± 9.5 years in NHS and 43.4 ± 7.7 years in NHSII. Compared to no alcohol intake, the meta‐analyzed multivariable HR for cumulative alcohol consumption ≥5 gm/day was 0.61 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.41–0.89). When limiting alcohol exposure to >4 years prior to SLE diagnosis, the multivariable HR was similar: 0.61 (95% CI 0.41–0.91). Women who drank ≥2 servings/week of wine had significantly decreased SLE risk (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.96) compared to women who did not drink wine.ConclusionIn these large prospective cohorts, we demonstrated an inverse association between moderate alcohol consumption (≥5 grams or 0.5 drink/day) and SLE risk in women.
Preferences for Disease‐Related Education and Support Among Younger People With Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ackerman Ilana N. , Bucknill Andrew , Page Richard S. , Broughton Nigel S. , Roberts Carol , Cavka Bernarda , Schoch Peter , Brand Caroline A. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the usefulness and accessibility of different delivery modes of disease‐related education and support, as perceived by younger people with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsPeople ages 20–55 years with hip or knee OA were recruited from 3 major Australian public hospitals and the community (n = 147). Data were collected on use of disease‐related education and support services, as well as perceived usefulness and accessibility of delivery modes including group‐based programs, online resources, telephone helplines, mailed information, social media, and mobile applications (rated on visual analog scales from 1–10; higher scores indicate greater usefulness or accessibility).ResultsVery few participants had used social media (5%), group self‐management programs (3%), or telephone helplines (2%) to obtain OA information. Mailed information packs and online education programs were considered the most useful (median usefulness scores 8.0 and 7.0, respectively) and accessible methods (median accessibility scores 10.0 and 9.0, respectively) for providing OA education and support. Social media was perceived as least useful (median usefulness score 2.0) and least accessible; 45% of participants considered it “not at all useful,” while 35% reported it would be “very difficult” to access OA education and support by this means. Less educational attainment was associated with greater perceived difficulty in accessing online/electronic delivery modes, while people in paid work perceived easier access.ConclusionThese data highlight the value of mailed information and online education to younger people with OA and can be used to develop targeted resources for individuals of working age. Social media was not a highly valued source of disease‐related education and support.
Dietary Fat Intake and Radiographic Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Lu Bing , Driban Jeffrey B. , Xu Chang , Lapane Kate L. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Eaton Charles B. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveFew studies have investigated the role of dietary factors on knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. We examined the prospective association of dietary fat intake with radiographic progression of knee OA.MethodsIn the Osteoarthritis Initiative, 2,092 participants with radiographic knee OA and having baseline dietary data were followed at yearly intervals up to 48 months. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were assessed with the Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire. To evaluate radiographic progression of knee OA, we used quantitative joint space width (JSW) between the medial femur and tibia of the knee based on fixed‐flexion posteroanterior radiographs. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to test the association between dietary fat and JSW loss over time.ResultsWe observed significant positive relationships of total fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) intakes with JSW loss. With increasing quartiles of total fat intake, JSW decreases over 48 months were 0.26 mm, 0.27 mm, 0.31 mm and 0.35 mm, respectively (P = 0.02 for trend). Similar association was observed between SFA intake and JSW loss. In contrast, higher intakes of mono‐ (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and higher ratio of PUFA to SFA were associated with a reduced JSW loss.ConclusionHigh intakes of total fat and SFA may be associated with increased structural knee OA progression, while MUFA and PUFA may reduce radiographic progression. Replication of these novel findings in other prospective studies is needed to confirm if reduction in SFA intake and increase in unsaturated fat intake lead to delayed knee OA progression.
Direct and Indirect Determinants of the Patient Global Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Differences by Level of Disease Activity
Authors: Ward Michael M. , Guthrie Lori C. , Dasgupta Abhijit 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the patient global assessment (PGA) has been strongly associated with pain severity, but less often with other measures, including disease activity measures. We tested whether RA activity and psychological measures had direct associations with the PGA or indirect associations that were mediated by pain. We also tested whether the correlates of the PGA differed with the degree of RA activity.MethodsWe studied 260 patients with active RA on 2 visits in a prospective longitudinal study. We used path analysis to test direct and indirect associations of Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), morning stiffness, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), fatigue, physical role limitations, social functioning, depressive symptoms, and health distress with the PGA.ResultsAmong the 509 visits, the median PGA score was 50 (25th–75th percentile: 24–66). Pain severity had the strongest association with the PGA, but direct associations were also found for morning stiffness severity, health distress, fatigue, and DAS28. Morning stiffness severity, DAS28, health distress, and HAQ were also indirectly associated with the PGA through pain. Among visits with DAS28 ≥5.4, pain, morning stiffness severity, and HAQ were the only determinants of the PGA. Among visits with DAS28 <4.2, health distress and age were additional determinants, and fatigue was marginally associated with the PGA.ConclusionAlthough pain was the strongest determinant of the PGA in RA, morning stiffness severity, health distress, fatigue, and DAS28 were also important. Determinants of the PGA differed with RA activity, with health distress, age, and to a lesser degree, fatigue, contributing only in patients with less active RA.
An Analysis of Past World Market Prices of Feed and Milk and Predictions for the Future
Authors: Hansen Bjørn Gunnar , Li Yushu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTUnderstanding of price behavior is a critical element to make decisions in uncertain conditions that significantly influence the return of dairy market participants. Increased variability in both the world milk price and the world feed price during the last 7‐8 years has increased the need for research on price dynamics and price forecasting. The aims of this paper are to explore the dynamics embedded in and between the world milk and feed prices, and to produce reliable forecasts for both prices.We collected the world milk price and the world feed price series from 2002 to 2015 from the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN). The analysis revealed that the two price series contain business cycles of approximately 32 months. Further, the two series are co‐ integrated, with the feed price as the leading variable. A combination of three different forecasting models can provide reasonably good forecasts of both prices.
MtDNA and Y‐chromosomal diversity in the Chachapoya, a population from the northeast Peruvian Andes‐Amazon divide
Authors: Guevara Evelyn K. , Palo Jukka U. , Guillén Sonia , Sajantila Antti 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe ancient Chachapoya were an aggregate of several ethnic groups that shared a common language, religion, and material culture. They inhabited a territory at the juncture of the Andes and the Amazon basin. Their position between those ecozones most likely influenced their genetic composition. We attempted to better understand their population history by assessing the contemporary genetic diversity in the Chachapoya and three of their immediate neighbors (Huancas, Jivaro, and Cajamarca). We inferred signatures of demographic history and genetic affinities, and contrasted the findings with data from other populations on local and continental scales.MethodsWe studied mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; hypervariable segment [HVSI and HVSII]) and Y chromosome (23 short tandem repeats (STRs)) marker data in 382 modern individuals. We used Sanger sequencing for mtDNA and a commercially available kit for Y–chromosomal STR typing.ResultsThe Chachapoya had affinities with various populations of Andean and Amazonian origin. When examining the Native American component, the Chachapoya displayed high levels of genetic diversity. Together with other parameters, for example, large Tajima's D and Fu's Fs, the data indicated no drastic reduction of the population size in the past.ConclusionThe high level of diversity in the Chachapoya, the lack of evidence of drift in the past, and genetic affinities with a broad range of populations in the Americas reflects an intricate population history in the region. The new genetic data from the Chachapoya indeed seems to point to a genetic complexity that is not yet resolved but beginning to be elucidated. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:857–867, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mortality study of employees at a chemical manufacturing plant using administrative databases
Authors: Bena Antonella , Farina Elena , Demaria Moreno , Cadum Ennio 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThis study investigated mortality in a cohort of 1,988 male workers at a chemical manufacturing plant (1981–2011) and evaluated the quality of the results obtained using administrative databases.MethodsInformation about the workers was obtained from the archives of the Italian National Institute for Social Insurance. Vital status and causes of death were ascertained through record linkage with electronic archives and follow‐up mailing. Regional reference rates were used to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe analysis showed increased SMR for selected cancers of a priori interest: respiratory system (SMR: 126.8; 90%CI: 105–152), pleura (330.5; 90%CI 164–596), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (196.1; 90%CI 102–342).ConclusionsThe results indicate an effect of hazardous exposures among workers in this chemical manufacturing plant. Using administrative databases to construct historical cohorts is an efficient method in time and resources, for estimating the risk of mortality and generating hypotheses. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:866–876, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyvalent Catalysts Operating on Polyvalent Substrates: A Model for Surface‐Controlled Reactivity
Authors: McKay Craig S. , Finn M. G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnusually fast rates of nucleophilic catalysis of hydrazone ligation were observed when polyvalent anthranilic acid catalysts operating on polyvalent aldehyde substrates were used with PAMAM dendrimers as the common platform. When presented in this way, the catalyst has a strong accelerating effect at concentrations 40–400 times lower than those required for similar monovalent catalysts and displays unique kinetic parameters. We attribute these properties to polyvalent engagement between the dendrimer surface groups, and a potential “rolling” effect leading to fast interparticle kinetic turnover. The phenomenon is sensitive to the density of functional groups on each dendrimer, and insensitive to factors that promote or inhibit nonspecific particle aggregation. These findings constitute a rare experimental example of an underappreciated phenomenon in biological and chemical systems that are organized on interacting surfaces.
Non‐classical Helices with cis Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds in the Backbone: Structural Features of α,γ‐Hybrid Peptide Foldamers
Authors: Ganesh Kumar Mothukuri , Thombare Varsha J. , Katariya Mona M. , Veeresh Kuruva , Raja K. Muruga Poopathi , Gopi Hosahudya N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe impact of geometrically constrained cis α,β‐unsaturated γ‐amino acids on the folding of α,γ‐hybrid peptides was investigated. Structure analysis in single crystals and in solution revealed that the cis carbon–carbon double bonds can be accommodated into the 12‐helix without deviation from the overall helical conformation. The helical structures are stabilized by 4→1 hydrogen bonding in a similar manner to the 12‐helices of β‐peptides and the 310 helices of α‐peptides. These results show that functional cis carbon–carbon double bonds can be accommodated into the backbone of helical peptides.
Isoxazole‐Derived Amino Acids are Bromodomain‐Binding Acetyl‐Lysine Mimics: Incorporation into Histone H4 Peptides and Histone H3
Authors: Sekirnik (née Measures) Angelina R. , Hewings David S. , Theodoulou Natalie H. , Jursins Lukass , Lewendon Katie R. , Jennings Laura E. , Rooney Timothy P. C. , Heightman Tom D. , Conway Stuart J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA range of isoxazole‐containing amino acids was synthesized that displaced acetyl‐lysine‐containing peptides from the BAZ2A, BRD4(1), and BRD9 bromodomains. Three of these amino acids were incorporated into a histone H4‐mimicking peptide and their affinity for BRD4(1) was assessed. Affinities of the isoxazole‐containing peptides are comparable to those of a hyperacetylated histone H4‐mimicking cognate peptide, and demonstrated a dependence on the position at which the unnatural residue was incorporated. An isoxazole‐based alkylating agent was developed to selectively alkylate cysteine residues in situ. Selective monoalkylation of a histone H4‐mimicking peptide, containing a lysine to cysteine residue substitution (K12C), resulted in acetyl‐lysine mimic incorporation, with high affinity for the BRD4 bromodomain. The same technology was used to alkylate a K18C mutant of histone H3.
Hydrogen Treatment for Superparamagnetic VO2 Nanowires with Large Room‐Temperature Magnetoresistance
Authors: Li Zejun , Guo Yuqiao , Hu Zhenpeng , Su Jihu , Zhao Jiyin , Wu Junchi , Wu Jiajing , Zhao Yingcheng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) transition metal oxide (TMO) nanostructures are actively pursued in spintronic devices owing to their nontrivial d electron magnetism and confined electron transport pathways. However, for TMOs, the realization of 1D structures with long‐range magnetic order to achieve a sensitive magnetoelectric response near room temperature has been a longstanding challenge. Herein, we exploit a chemical hydric effect to regulate the spin structure of 1D V–V atomic chains in monoclinic VO2 nanowires. Hydrogen treatment introduced V3+ (3d2) ions into the 1D zigzag V–V chains, triggering the formation of ferromagnetically coupled V3+–V4+ dimers to produce 1D superparamagnetic chains and achieve large room‐temperature negative magnetoresistance (−23.9 %, 300 K, 0.5 T). This approach offers new opportunities to regulate the spin structure of 1D nanostructures to control the intrinsic magnetoelectric properties of spintronic materials.
Mononuclear Nonheme High‐Spin (S=2) versus Intermediate‐Spin (S=1) Iron(IV)–Oxo Complexes in Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Bae Seong Hee , Seo Mi Sook , Lee Yong‐Min , Cho Kyung‐Bin , Kim Won‐Suk , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMononuclear nonheme high‐spin (S=2) iron(IV)–oxo species have been identified as the key intermediates responsible for the C−H bond activation of organic substrates in nonheme iron enzymatic reactions. Herein we report that the C−H bond activation of hydrocarbons by a synthetic mononuclear nonheme high‐spin (S=2) iron(IV)–oxo complex occurs through an oxygen non‐rebound mechanism, as previously demonstrated in the C−H bond activation by nonheme intermediate (S=1) iron(IV)–oxo complexes. We also report that C−H bond activation is preferred over C=C epoxidation in the oxidation of cyclohexene by the nonheme high‐spin (HS) and intermediate‐spin (IS) iron(IV)–oxo complexes, whereas the C=C double bond epoxidation becomes a preferred pathway in the oxidation of deuterated cyclohexene by the nonheme HS and IS iron(IV)–oxo complexes. In the epoxidation of styrene derivatives, the HS and IS iron(IV) oxo complexes are found to have similar electrophilic characters.