bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Efficiency of Carrying out Chemical Reactions under Supercritical Conditions During the Synthesis of Azelaic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ether Based on Rapseed Oil
Authors: Аетов А.У. , Мазанов С.В. , Габитов Р.Р. , Усманов Р.А. , Фонкоу М.Д. , Гумеров Ф.М. , Салахов И.И. , Зурбашев А.В. 
Published: September 2024

Исследованы химические стадии процесса получения ди(2-этилгексилового) эфира азелаиновой кислоты из рапсового масла - реакции гидролиза исходного масла; окисления олеиновой кислоты в присутствии Pd-cодержащего гетерогенного катализатора; этерификации азелаиновой кислоты. Процессы гидролиза и этерификации осуществляются в сверхкритических (СКФ) условиях (523-653 K и 22,5-30 МПа).
Three chemical stages of azelaic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester synthesis based on rapeseed oil were studied: hydrolysis of the initial oil, oxidation of oleic acid in the presence of palladium-containing heterogeneous catalyst, and esterification of azelaic acid. It is demonstrated that reactions hydrolysis and esterification can be efficiently carried out under supercritical conditions (523-653 K and 22.5-30 MPa).
Structure of Polymer Stabilized Co-Containing Particles Synthesized in Subcritical Water
Authors: Маркова М.Е. , Степачёва А.А. , Матвеева В.Г. , Сульман М.Г. 
Published: September 2024

В работе исследован состав и структура кобальтсодержащего катализатора, синтезированного в среде субкритической воды. Определено, что полученный катализатор характеризуется высокой удельной площадью поверхности, а кобальтсодержащая фаза представлена нитевидными кристаллами CoO с диаметром 10 нм и длиной 100-600 нм.
In the current work, the structure and composition of the Co-containing catalyst synthesized in subcritical water was studied. The resulted catalyst is characterized by the high specific surface area. The Co-containing phase is presented by the CoO whiskers with the 10 nm diameter and the length of 100-600 nm.
Calculation of solubility of ОВТНО-, МЕТА- AND РАRА- hydroxybenzoic acids in pure and methanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide based on molecular dynamics
Authors: Петренко В.Е. , Антипова М.Л. , Одинцова Е.Г. 
Published: September 2024

В работе исследуется возможность использования репараметризованных уравне­ний Чрастила для расчета растворимости полярных органических соединений в чистом и модифицированном сорастворителем сверхкритическом диоксиде угле­рода на основе молекулярно-динамического моделирования. Проведено моделирование методом молекулярной динамики растворов орто-, мета- и пара-гидро­ксибензойных кислот в чистом и модифицированном метанолом (0,035 мольной доли метанола) сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода при температурах 318, 328, 338 и 348 К и плотностях 600, 700 и 800 кг/м3. Из полученных данных рассчитана растворимость кислот в рассматриваемых сверхкритических флюидах с использо­ванием уравнения Чрастила. Показано, что данная методика расчета с приемле­мой точностью воспроизводит известные из литературы экспериментальные дан­ные по растворимости.
The paper studies the possibility of using reparametrized Chrastil’s equations to calculate the solubility of polar organic compounds in pure and cosolvent-modified supercritical carbon dioxide based on molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular dynamics simulation of solutions ortho-, meta- and para-hydroxybenzoic acids in pure and methanol­modified (0.035 mole fraction of methanol) supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures 318, 328, 338 and 348 K and densities 600, 700 and 800 kg/m3 has been carried out. The solubility of the acids in the supercritical fluids was calculated based on the simulation data by Chrastil’s equation. It is shown that the solubility evaluated using this calculation procedure is quite close to the experimental solubility values known from the literature.
Overview of Financial Services in the 5.0 Era
Authors: Masrina Dinda Awaliah Ramadhani 
Published: September 2024

overview of financial services in the 5.0 era. Era 5.0 is a digital era characterized by the rapid development of information and communication technology. Financial services are one of the sectors significantly affected by this development. This article provides an overview of the changes and transformation of financial services in the 5.0 era. This research uses a descriptive method and collects data from various reliable sources, including literature studies and recent publications. The analysis shows that the 5.0 era has brought significant changes in financial services. Technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain and the Internet of Things have changed the way financial services are provided and accessed by users. Some important trends in financial services in the 5.0 era include digitalization, personalization, integration, and security. In addition, the adoption of new technologies such as biometric technology and digital payments is increasing. However, there are also challenges that need to be overcome, such as data security, privacy, and financial inclusion. This research provides valuable insights into the development of financial services in the 5.0 era and its implications for financial industry players.
Epidemiology of Horsepox. The New Aspects
Authors: Stovba L. F. , Petrov A. A. , Melnikov S. A. , Chukhralia O. V. , Cherniкova N. K. , Borisevich S. V. 
Published: September 2024

In the last 10 years, scientists' interest in the horsepox pathogen has increased sharply due to the obtaining of its chimeric copy and the discussion of whether it was used to create early smallpox vaccines and the dangers of technologies that allow the restoration of extinct pathogens of dangerous infections.The aim of the work is to summarize the materials on modern studies of the horsepox virus.The source base of the study is English-language scientific literature available via the Internet.The research method is an analysis of scientific sources on horsepox from the general to the specific. We considered the area of distribution of the virus, its epidemiological danger, phylogenetic relationship, data on the sequencing of the horsepox virus genome and the likelihood of its use in the creation of the first vaccines, as well as obtaining its chimeric copy, on the basis of which a new smallpox vaccine was created – TNX-801.Results and discussion. The horsepox virus belongs to the poxvirus family, the orthopoxvirus genus. Classical horsepox has previously been reported only in Europe (France), Mongolia, and Kenya. The complete nucleotide sequence of the horsepox virus genome MNR-76 isolated in Mongolia has been determined. In addition to genes common to all orthopoxviruses, it includes intact genes specific only to this virus, the homologues of which are fragmented in the genome of other orthopoxviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of a number of orthopoxviruses was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the conserved central region of the genome and some of the more variable terminal regions. The data obtained indicate that horsepox virus is most closely related to vaccinia virus and rabbitpox virus strains. Although horsepox is currently considered extinct, its pathogen may persist in unknown reservoirs. The data on the sequencing of the horsepox virus genome, strain MNR-76, suggest that horsepox virus could have served as the basis for the first smallpox vaccines. A chimeric copy of the horsepox virus was obtained using synthetic biology, which was used to create a new smallpox vaccine, TNX-801. On its basis, a recombinant vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was constructed. The restoration of "extinct viruses" using synthetic biology methods has led to intense debates about the benefits and risks of such research.Conclusion. It cannot be ruled out that the use of modern genetic engineering technologies may lead not only to the development of effective vaccines, but also to the production of new orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans and animals, or to the reintroduction of smallpox, which is especially dangerous in the context of the virtual absence of smallpox immunity in the population and international control over experiments in the synthetic biology of dangerous pathogens.
Identification of CS Degradation Products in Objects Delivered from the Zone of a Special Military Operation
Authors: Iarlychenko A. S. , Ignatev V. A. , Ponsov M. A. , Grigoryev A. M. 
Published: September 2024

The formation of a CS aerosol during the combustion of a pyrotechnic mixture in gas grenades is accompanied by the formation of numerous thermolytic degradation products. Many of these products (including CS itself) are highly reactive substances, as a result of which the composition of the aerosol differs significantly from the set of products that can be subsequently detected in environmental objects.The aim of the work is to detect and identify CS derivatives in soil samples and in the material of gas grenades delivered from the zone of a special military operation to assess their relative content and select promising markers of the fact of CS use.Research methods. Detection and structural identification of CS degradation products were performed using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lowand high-resolution).The results of the study. More than 30 compounds have been found that are products of oxidation, reduction, thermochemical degradation and dimerization of CS and its derivatives. The method of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which was not previously used for such work, presumably identified five compounds, information about which in relation to gas grenades is not available in the sources available to us.Conclusion. In the case of object analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the most convenient marker of CS exposure is 2-chlorobenzylmalonyl nitrile, while the content of CS itself may be insignificant. For the variant of analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, it is preferable to search for products of cyclization of CS of quinoline origin (positive ionization mode), and for the negative mode products of dimerization and reduction of CS.
Alaskapox amid New Orthopox Viral Infections Mikhail V. Supotnitskiy
Authors: Supotnitskiy M. V. 
Published: September 2024

A previously unknown virus from the orthopoxvirus family (OPXV) caused a series of smallpox-like diseases among the inhabitants of Alaska. A patient with immunodeficiency died from a generalized infection similar to smallpox. The virus was named Alaska smallpox virus (AKPV).The aim of the study was to summarize the available information on the nature and danger to humans of AKPV and its epidemic significance in the context of other activated orthopoxviruses.Materials and methods. English-language sources available through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used. The information was analyzed from the specific to the general. The biological and other properties of AKPV were compared with those of known OPXV.Discussion. AAKPV is related to New World OPXV, but is closely related to Old World OPXV. The clinical picture of the disease caused by AKPV and other OPXVs has a number of common symptoms, collectively called orthopoxvirus syndrome. It is characterized by an initial prodromal period in the form of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia and, less commonly, nausea and vomiting. After an incubation period of 10 to 14 days, macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, ulcers, dry crusts and depigmented scars develop over the course of weeks against the background of lymphadenopathy. In immunocompromised patients, OPXVs can cause a fatal infection resembling smallpox. If this syndrome is detected in a patient, OPXV infection should be assumed and the patient should be managed according to the guidelines of MP 3.1.0291-22. There is also a risk of using any detected OPXV as a source of genes for gain-of-function modification of other pathogens or for simulating.Conclusion. The penetration of AKPV into human populations is part of the process of activation of natural foci of OPXV. The phylogenetic position of AKPV suggests that it may have natural reservoirs not only in Alaska, but also in the boreal forest zone of Russia from Kamchatka to Karelia. Artificial global spread of monkeypox of the lowinfectivity WA clade shows that social engineering techniques combined with global propaganda can simulate OPXV pandemics even with species thought incapable of such spread.
Enzymes in the Content of Combined Antimicrobials as Improvers of Their Action
Authors: Stepanov N. A. , Aslanli A. G. , Domnin M. V. , Efremenko E. N. 
Published: September 2024

Accumulating information about the growing number of microorganisms that are resistant to the antibiotics used, on the one hand, and the emergence of information about the presence of laboratories in which closed work is carried out with microbial pathogens, the negative properties of which can be artificially enhanced.The aim of the work to analyze current trends in the development of antimicrobial drugs combining the use of wellknown and widely used antibiotics, as well as substances with antimicrobial properties, including metal nanoparticles, antimicrobial peptides, with various enzymes that allow to preserve and enhance the antimicrobial effect against the cells of various microorganismsThe source base of the research is mainly English–language scientific literature available via the global Internet network, as well as the authors’ own published experimental studies.The research method is analytical.Results. The work considers enzymes that, unlike classical antimicrobial agents, which more often enter into reactions inhibiting key biochemical reactions, are catalysts for processes aimed at oxidation and hydrolysis of molecules that are metabolically and structurally important for microorganisms.Conclusion. The enzyme repeatedly enters into reactions that significantly reduce the concentrations of substances important for the vital activity of microbial cells, which leads to their weakening and more effective action of antimicrobial agents. Most often, in this case, the enzymes themselves act as carriers for molecules with antimicrobial action, which avoids their non-specific interaction with other, primarily proteins, thus removing some, for example, antibiotics, from the active effect on pathogen cells. It has been demonstrated that the enzymatic enhancement of the bactericidal action of antimicrobial agents can be in relation to different cells, including the complex biosystems (biofilms) formed by them, both by several times and by several orders of magnitude. Such antimicrobial agents combined with enzymes may be of interest for carrying out sanitary treatments of various surfaces, containers, premises, including biological laboratories, for the introduction of protective and dressing materials.
Modern Hardware and Software Solutions for Whole-Genome Sequencing, Prospects of Their Implementation in the Practice of Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrov A. A. , Kazantsev A. V. , Kovalchuk E. A. , Pavlyukov M. Yu. , Sapkulov A. V. , Kutaev D. A. , Borisevich S. V. 
Published: September 2024

One of the promising areas for improving laboratory diagnostics is the active introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS), which retains the key advantages of molecular tests and allows the detection of a wide range of diverse microorganisms. Despite the significant advantages of NGS in the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, there are also a number of objective obstacles to its widespread use.The purpose of the work is to consider existing hardware and software solutions for whole-genome sequencing, as well as the prospects and problems of their implementation in the practice of the RCB protection troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the identification of pathogens of various etiologies.The source base of the research includes an analysis of data published in domestic and English-language scientific publications, as well as posted on the Internet.The research method is analytical.Results. Materials are presented that summarize data on three generations of sequencing technologies, their advantages and disadvantages. It is shown that with the development of NGS technologies, many technical problems arise that need to be deeply analyzed and solved. Despite its great potential, NGS has not yet been widely adopted in clinical microbiology laboratories, partly due to the lack of standardized workflows.Conclusions. For the successful use of NGS by units of the RCB protection troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to solve the main problem, which is the development of domestic hardware, appropriate bioinformatics tools and databases certified in accordance with the established procedure for functioning offiine without connecting to the Internet.
Development of the program of complex standardization of the closed-loop economy
Authors: Antonov S. A. , Gorbashko E. A. 
Published: September 2024

Aim. Provision and development of standardization on the basis of system approach, improvement of perspective planning of standardization at all stages of product life cycle and intersectoral interaction using the program of complex standardization, leading and stepped standards.Objectives. To analyze the current regulatory acts of the Russian Federation (RF); to determine the main approaches to the implementation of closed-loop economy based on standardization, taking into account the available experience of program activities in the field of standardization.Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the paradigm of the closed-loop economy. This paradigm embodies a comprehensive approach to the formation of the closed-loop economy standardization program by classifying the goals of creating a system of standardization of the closed-loop economy.Results. According to the results of the analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and fundamental standards of the national standardization system, the “tree of objectives” is formed, the basis of which is “the formation of a program of integrated standardization of all subsystems of the closed-loop economy”. It is proposed to use the possibilities of advanced standardization in planning the development of standards included in the comprehensive standardization program. The algorithm for the development of the system of complex standardization programs that solves the issues of inter-sectoral interaction is presented.Conclusions. The system analysis of normative-legal acts of the Russian Federation and fundamental standards of the national standardization system allowed to find ways of linking subsystems of the closed-loop economy, providing a full cycle of circularity and use of material resources from their manufacture to secondary application.
A model of regional distribution of labor migrant numbers
Authors: Trapitsin S. Yu. , Fedorov P. M. 
Published: September 2024

Aim. To develop a model of regional distribution of the number of labor migrants that estimates determinant regional disparities factors.Objectives. To study theoretical approaches to the study of regional distribution of the number of labor migrants; to analyze the factors of regional disproportions of the Russian labor market in modeling migration flows; to collect and analyze statistical information to develop a model of regional distribution of the number of labor migrants that assesses determinant regional disproportions factors.Methods. General scientific methods of research such as deduction, analysis, synthesis were used. Statistical methods of data analysis were applied, linear regression model was built.Results. The stable trends of natural population decline, population aging, leading to an outstripping reduction in the number of able-bodied population of the Russian Federation (RF), indicate the need for replacement migration. Regional differentiation in the labor market, characteristic of the Russian economy, can be balanced by both internal migration and external migration flows. However, effective replacement migration is associated with the presence of certain conditions and also carries risks. Such conditions include economic attractiveness of the Russian labor market for foreign workers, integration potential of the host community (absence of anti-migrant attitudes or discriminatory practices). At the same time, replacement migration carries the risks of negative changes in the structure of the labor force due to the relatively low qualifications of migrant workers, weakening incentives to innovate and maintaining a low level of labor productivity, transfer of money received by migrants as wages outside the Russian Federation.Conclusions. As a result of the regression analysis, the position about the determinant role of regional differentiation of income distribution of the population in determining the regional distribution of the number of labor migrants was confirmed. The regression model uses the indicator of the share of labor migrants in the employed population as the dependent variable characterizing the intensity of labor migration to the region, and data on the average per capita monetary income of the population in the regions of the Russian Federation as the independent variable. The calculation of the regression coefficient indicates the presence of a weak correlation between these variables. Thus, regional disparities in the level of income affect the formation of imbalance in the placement of foreign labor force, since it is the economic factor of attractiveness of the regional labor market that forms the flows of labor migration in the regions.
Developing a taxonomy of decisions based on artificial intelligence technologies in health care practices
Authors: Lapidus L. V. , Tokareva O. M. 
Published: September 2024

Aim. To conduct an analysis of research on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine, norms and practices governing this field, and on its basis to build a taxonomy of AI-based decisions in the practice of medical services.Objectives. To structure existing AI-based solutions in medicine; to identify, based on research and state registration data, the most mature areas of AI application and potential areas of development; to study the specific features of the applied technologies.Methods. The authors using general methods of scientific cognition in various aspects considered the sphere of application of AI technologies in medicine, identified and systematized the characteristic features of the current state of this field and trends of further development.Results. According to the results of the analysis of existing solutions in the field of AI application in medicine all solutions are divided by the degree of elaboration, main processes and type of used data. The constructed taxonomy is the first step in comprehending and structuring the existing AI solutions, possibilities of their use in the process of rendering various medical services.Conclusions. Today, the most developed area of AI use in medicine is the analysis of medical images in the process of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Further development and introduction of these technologies into medical practice requires a more structured approach to assessing their effectiveness and efficiency, as well as solving a number of ethical and regulatory issues.