bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric testing of the healthy eating and physical activity self‐efficacy questionnaire and the healthy eating and physical activity behavior recall questionnaire for children
Authors: Lassetter Jane H. , Macintosh Christopher I. , Williams Mary , Driessnack Martha , Ray Gaye , Wisco Jonathan J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties for two related questionnaires: the Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (HEPASEQ‐C) and the Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behavior Recall Questionnaire for Children (HEPABRQ‐C).Design and MethodsHEPASEQ‐C and HEPABRQ‐C were administered to 517 participating children with 492 completing. Data were analyzed to evaluate for reliability and validity of the questionnaires.ResultsContent validity was established through a 10‐person expert panel. For the HEPASEQ‐C, item content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. The CVI for the total questionnaire was 1.0. All HEPASEQ‐C items loaded on a single factor. Cronbach's alpha was deemed acceptable (.749). For the HEPABRQ‐C, item CVI ranged from 0.88 to 1.00. CVI for the total questionnaire was 1.0. Pearson product moment correlation between HEPASEQ‐C and HEPABRQ‐C scores was significant (r = .501,p = .000).Practice ImplicationsThe HEPASEQ‐C and HEPABRQ‐C are easily administered and provide helpful insights into children's self‐efficacy and behavior recall. They are easy to use and applicable for upper elementary school settings, in clinical settings for individual patients, and in health promotion settings.
Citizenship as social object in the aftermath of the Yugoslav break‐up
Authors: Vasiljević Jelena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe break‐up of Yugoslavia disintegrated the Yugoslav citizenship regime, and new communities of citizens and citizenship regulations were born. Since the identitarian and lived aspects of citizenship are inseparable from its formal and legal aspects, (not) having the ‘right’ personal documents and (not) being recognized as the ‘right’ kind of citizen had profound effects on the lives of many individuals. Relying on the concept of documentality and stressing the feature of documents as being constitutive of social reality, this article analyses personal narratives illustrating the lived experience of citizenship transformations after the break‐up of Yugoslavia.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of acotiamide in functional dyspepsia (postprandial distress syndrome)—results from the European phase 3 open‐label safety trial
Authors: Tack J. , Pokrotnieks J. , Urbonas G. , Banciu C. , Yakusevich V. , Bunganic I. , Törnblom H. , Kleban Y. , Eavis P. , Tsuchikawa M. , Miyagawa T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundsAcotiamide is a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for treatment of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD).This European phase 3 open‐label safety trial has been conducted to evaluate the long‐term safety of acotiamide and explore the efficacy of acotiamide on PDS symptoms using the validated LPDS, quality of life using SF‐36 and SF‐NDI, and work productivity using WPAI.MethodsFD‐PDS patients (defined by ROME III criteria) aged ≥18 years with active PDS symptoms and without predominant overlapping symptoms of epigastric pain syndrome and related disorders were enrolled to receive 100 mg acotiamide three times daily for 1 year. Patients' safety profile and efficacy of acotiamide were monitored.Key ResultsThe majority of patients (81.6%) maintained exposure to acotiamide for >50 weeks, with a mean duration of 320.3 days. No specific clinically significant safety concerns have been shown, with no deaths, treatment‐related severe/serious adverse events, or any clinically significant laboratory test results.Although being an open‐label trial, acotiamide showed a change in severity larger than the minimum clinically important difference at weeks 1 and 2 for postprandial fullness and early satiation (meal‐related symptoms), and showed improvement of quality of life and work productivity from the first measurement (at week 12) up to 1 year.Conclusions & InferencesThe long‐term safety of acotiamide treatment was confirmed. A clinically important change for PDS symptoms, QoL, and work productivity was suggested; however a controlled trial is required to confirm this hypothetic efficacy of acotiamide. (NCT01973790).
Oversensing of transthoracic excitation stimuli in contemporary pacemakers
Authors: Ryan James D. , Tempel Nathan D. , Engle Dean D. , Hayes David L. , Cha Yong‐Mei , Asirvatham Samuel J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundTransthoracic impedance measurements (TIM) is primarily used for minute ventilation rate adaptive sensors in pacemakers. With elevated impedance, the TIM electrical signal itself is oversensed, causing device malfunction.ObjectiveWe report an increased incidence of TIM oversensing.MethodRetrospective chart review. We review existing records of 18 patients who have demonstrated device malfunction with TIM oversensing.ResultsWe have found a 1.8% incidence of TIM‐related oversensing in our patient population of 959 patients with contemporary Boston Scientific (Marlborough, MA, USA) pacemakers and cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemakers. One patient experienced a syncopal episode.ConclusionOversensing with pacing inhibition is apparent with the potential of adverse effects to patients.
Optimum time for intravenous cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in children without any premedication
Authors: Hasan ABM Kamrul , Sivasankar Raman , Nair Salil G. , Hasan Wamia U. , Latif Zulaidi 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundIntravenous cannulation is usually done in children after inhalational induction with volatile anesthetic agents. The optimum time for safe intravenous cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide has been studied in premedicated children, but there is no information for the optimum time for cannulation with inhalational induction in children without premedication.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the optimum time for intravenous cannulation after the induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in children without any premedication.MethodsThis is a prospective, observer‐blinded, up‐and‐down sequential allocation study in unpremedicated ASA grade 1 children aged 2‐6 years undergoing elective dental surgery. Intravenous cannulation was attempted after inhalational induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide. The timing of cannulation was considered adequate if there was no movement, coughing, or laryngospasm. The cannulation attempt for the first child was set at 4 minutes after the loss of eyelash reflex and the time for intravenous cannulation was determined by the up‐and‐down method using 15 seconds as step size. Probit test was used to analyze the up‐down sequences for the study.ResultsThe adequate time for effective cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in 50% and 95% of patients was 53.02 seconds (95% confidence limits, 20.23‐67.76 seconds) and 87.21 seconds (95% confidence limits, 70.77‐248.03 seconds), respectively.ConclusionWe recommend waiting for 1 minute 45 seconds (105 seconds) after the loss of eyelash reflex before attempting intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients induced with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide without any premedication.
Cuffed endotracheal tubes in infants less than 3 kg: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Thomas Rebecca E. , Rao Shripada C. , Minutillo Corrado , Hullett Bruce , Bulsara Max K. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundCuffed endotracheal tubes are being increasingly used in infants; however, current evidence in the literature mostly includes infants ≥ 3‐kg weight.AimsThe aim of this observational study was to compare the short‐term outcomes with the use of Microcuff® cuffed vs uncuffed endotracheal tubes in neonates < 3 kg.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in a single‐centre, tertiary children's hospital neonatal intensive care unit. The study included all infants < 3 kg receiving Microcuff® cuffed endotracheal tubes over the period January 2015 to January 2016. Controls were all infants 2000‐2999 g receiving an uncuffed endotracheal tube over the period September 2015 to January 2016.ResultsTwenty‐three patients < 3 kg were intubated with cuffed endotracheal tubes. All were inserted in the operating room. Of 23 patients, 14 (60.9%) patients had the cuff inflated in the operating room and none subsequently in the neonatal intensive care unit. The group receiving cuffed endotracheal tubes was compared with 23 patients with uncuffed endotracheal tubes. There was no difference in weight (median 2620 g vs 2590 g, diff in median = 10, 95% CI −120, 130) or duration of intubation (median 27 vs 44 hours, diff in median = 17, 95% CI −5, 46). However, there was a significant difference in gestational age (median 37 vs 35 weeks, diff in median = −1, 95% CI −2, 0) and age at intubation (median 6 vs 0 days, diff in median = −4, 95% CI −10, −1). There were no significant differences in the rates of: change of endotracheal tube to find correct size (0/23 vs 4/23, P = .109, OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.01, 1.41); median ventilator leak reading (0% [IQR 0%‐12%] vs 0% [IQR 0%‐5.5%], P = .201, diff in median = 0, 95% CI −5.5, 0); unplanned extubations (0/23 vs 2/23; atelectasis (4/23 vs 0/23; endotracheal tube blockage (0/23 vs 0/23; pneumonia (0/23 vs 0/23; or postextubation stridor (1/23 vs 2/23).ConclusionThis retrospective study with a small sample size found that Microcuff® cuffed endotracheal tubes may be safe in neonates < 3 kg. Well‐designed randomized controlled trials are needed to address this issue definitively.
Comparisons of Electron Transfer Reactions in a Cyanobacterial Tetrameric and Trimeric Photosystem I Complexes
Authors: Shelaev Ivan V. , Mamedov Mahir D. , Gostev Fedor E. , Aybush Arseny V. , Li Meng , Nguyen Jonathan , Bruce Barry D. , Nadtochenko Victor A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotosystem I (PSI) is a Type‐I reaction center and is the largest photosynthetic complex to be characterized. In cyanobacteria, PSI is organized as a trimer with a three‐fold axis of symmetry. Recently, a tetrameric form of PSI has been identified in cyanobacteria. Plastids in plants and algae only contain monomeric PSI, suggesting that tetrameric PSI may be key in the transition from ancestral cyanobacterial trimeric PSI to plant/algal monomeric PSI. We have investigated the kinetics of electron transfer to the initial acceptor in PSI tetramer isolated from Chroococcidiopsis TS‐821. Using a pump–probe technique with 25 fs low‐energy, 720 nm pump pulses, we measure the ultrafast (<100 fs) conversion of a delocalized exciton into a charge‐separated state between the primary donor P700 and the primary acceptor A0. Comparison with previous pump–probe analysis of the trimeric PSI complexes from Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 (Shelaev et al. [2010] Biochim Biophys Acta, 1797, 1410–1420) reveals that the tetrameric (PSI) complexes from Chroococcidiopsis sp TS‐821 are quite similar. The transfer of an electron from the A0 to the following acceptor A1 (phylloquinone) takes place in a time frame of about 30 ps, which is slightly longer compared to PSI trimeric complex (~24 ps). The slight spectral differences between trimeric and tetrameric PSI complexes are discussed.
The Space Between: Demonization of Opponents and Policy Divergence
Authors: Katz Juniper 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrior research on policy conflicts indicates a tendency among policy actors to misperceive the influence of actors engaged in policy debates based on the degree of distance between their relative policy positions. This research develops a measure for assessing the degree and direction of the misperception effect. This measure is then utilized as a dependent variable to assess the relationship between theoretically relevant factors and the degree to which actors will exaggerate the influence of their opponents and allies. The research uses original survey data of policy actors engaged in the debate over hydraulic fracturing in New York. The results indicate misperceptions of relative influence are prevalent and most associated with the experience of a policy loss and holding relatively extreme policy beliefs. The findings provide new insight into factors that influence the demonization of political opponents. These insights are timely in the context of polarized debates over environmental and energy policy in the United States.
Determinants and Evaluation of Local Energy‐Efficiency Initiatives from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Authors: Lim Taekyoung , Bowen William M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article examines variation in local‐level energy‐efficiency grants and corresponding initiatives from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) in the United States. The analysis is based upon a hurdle model of counts of energy‐efficiency grants received by 348 local governments that received these grants from 2009 to 2013, as well as 348 matched local governments that did not receive such funds. City‐level characteristics including amount of federal financial support, per capita income, signaling of preferences for sustainability policies, manufacturing, and political influences are shown to be empirically important determinants of variation in local energy‐efficiency initiatives. The evidence suggests that all else held equal, the $21.8 billion in ARRA funds expended with the intent of increasing local energy‐efficiency programs and policies successfully led to this end.
A Comparison of Joint Models for Longitudinal and Competing Risks Data, with Application to an Epilepsy Drug Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hickey Graeme L. , Philipson Pete , Jorgensen Andrea , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi 
Published: January 2018

SummaryJoint modelling of longitudinal data and competing risks has grown over the past decade. Despite the recent methodological developments, there are still limited options for fitting these models in standard statistical software programs, which prohibits their adoption by applied biostatisticians. We summarize four published models, each of which has software available for model estimation. Each model features a different hazard function, latent association structure between the submodels, estimation approach and software implementation. Of the four models considered here, the model specifications and association structures are substantially different, thus complicating model-to-model comparison. The models are applied to the ‘Standard and new anti-epileptic drugs’ trial of anti-epileptic drugs to investigate the effect of drug titration on the treatment effects of lamotrigine and carbamazepine on the mode of treatment failure. Notwithstanding the vastly different association structures, we show that the inference from each model is consistent, namely, that there is a beneficial effect of lamotrigine on unacceptable adverse events over carbamazepine and a non-significant effect on the hazard of inadequate seizure control. The association between anti-epileptic drug titration and treatment failure was significant in most models. To allow for the routine adoption of joint modelling of competing risks and longitudinal data in the analysis of clinical data sets, further work is required on the development of model diagnostics to aid model choice.
Formation and evolution of back‐barrier perched lakes in rocky coasts: An example of a Holocene system in north‐west Spain
Authors: Sáez Alberto , Carballeira Rafael , Pueyo Juan J. , Vázquez‐Loureiro David , Leira Manel , Hernández Armand , Valero‐Garcés Blas L. , Bao Roberto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCoastal back‐barrier perched lakes are freshwater bodies that are elevated over sea‐level and are not directly subjected to the inflow of seawater. This study provides a detailed reconstruction of the Doniños back‐barrier perched lake that developed at the end of a small river valley in the rocky coast of the north‐west Iberian Peninsula during the Holocene transgression. Its sequence stratigraphy was reconstructed based on a core transect across the system, the analyses of its lithofacies and microfossil assemblages, and a high‐resolution radiocarbon‐based chronology. The Doniños perched lake was formed ca 4·5 ka bp. The setting of the perched lake was favoured by Late Holocene sea‐level stabilization and the formation of a barrier and back‐barrier basin, which was contemporaneous with the high systems tract period. This basin developed over marine and lagoonal sediments deposited between 10·2 ka bp and 8·0 ka bp, during rapidly rising sea‐level characteristic of the transgressive systems track period. At 1·1 ka bp, the barrier was breached and the perched lake was partially emptied, causing the erosion of the back‐barrier basin sediments and a significant sedimentary hiatus. Both enhanced storminess and human intervention were likely to be responsible for this event. After 1 ka bp, the barrier reclosed and the present‐day lake was reformed, with the water level reaching as high as 5 m above mean sea‐level. The depositional evolution of the Doniños system serves as a model of coastal back‐barrier perched lakes in coastal clastic systems that have developed over gently seaward‐dipping rugged substrates at small distances from the shoreline and under conditions of rising sea‐level and high sediment supply. A review of estuaries, back‐barrier lagoons, pocket beaches and back‐barrier perched lakes in the rocky coast of north‐west Spain shows that the elevation of the bedrock is the main factor controlling the origin and evolution of these systems.
Polarization of life expectancy across countries: Does biological and cultural distance to the health technological frontier matter?
Authors: Deng Wen‐Shuenn , Lin Yi‐Chen , Tsai Ming‐Tien 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study examines the evolution of the distribution of life expectancy (LE) at birth and at ages 20 and 60 years using the stochastic kernel framework. It finds that the period between 1990 and 2013 exhibits a decrease in LE at birth dispersion and also shows that σ‐divergence and polarization of LE at ages 20 and 60 occur across countries. Further deterioration (improvement) in relative position of countries with low (high) starting LE is observed in some sections of the LE distribution. The dispersion in LE and intradistribution movements can be attributed to genealogically transmitted human barriers to technology diffusion.
Patient rescue and blood utilization in the Ogasawara blood rotation system
Authors: Igarashi Tomoko , Fujita Hiroshi , Asaka Hiroyuki , Takada Yuko , Ametani Rieko , Naya Itsuki , Tanaka Yasushi , Kamesaki Makoto , Kasai Asuka 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDIn the past, blood products were not transported to the Ogasawara Islands because of the distance; the islands are approximately 1000 km from the mainland and lack an airport. The Ogasawara Blood Rotation system involves the routine, long‐distance transportation of Type O, RhD‐positive, irradiated red blood cells to rescue patients with acute hemorrhage and severe anemia and to reduce wastage from the expiration of red blood cell solution.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBlood transfusion and utilization in the Ogasawara blood rotation (BR) system were examined from December 2014 to March 2017. Two packs of RBC solution (one pack = 280 mL) were transported in an active transport refrigerator by scheduled ships between Tokyo City and the Ogasawara Islands.RESULTSEight packs of red blood cell (RBC) solution were received as transfusions by four patients who had acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding or severe anemia (eight of 232 packs; 3.4%). The blood utilization rate at the time of re‐use was 84.6% (196 of 232 packs), with neither adverse reactions nor wastage. Twenty‐eight packs of RBC solution expired because of a delay in scheduled ships as the result of a typhoon (12.1%).CONCLUSIONThe Ogasawara BR system was effectively capable of delivering RBC solution for transfusion in patients residing in distant islands and contributed to reducing the wastage of RBC solution by facilitating blood utilization at another hospital.
Transfusion education for nurses and transfusion practitioners in Australia
Authors: Bielby L. , Peterson D. , Spigiel T. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundTransfusion risks and the principles and benefits of patient blood management (PBM) are well documented in the literature. One of the challenges is to ensure that all multidisciplinary team members working in these clinical areas are aware of the risks, benefits and principles, and undertake their practice accordingly.ContextNurses and transfusion practitioners need to have both knowledge and skills to undertake their roles safely and effectively. This is achieved predominantly through education and training across the continuum of the nursing career and is aligned with the practitioner's scope of practice and career path. It commences with acquisition of basic knowledge and development of competencies, through to the critical‐thinking and leadership skills, required to implement transfusion and/or PBM practice improvement initiatives within a clinical department/health service. Patients and carers need to be informed of the risks, benefits and any available alternatives, and nurses play a key role providing this information to support them being active partners in decision‐making as part of their care and treatment. There is a range of educational opportunities and delivery modes offered in Australia through:

Undergraduate curricula.

Continuing professional development.

Postgraduate qualifications offered through Blood Matters/The University of Melbourne.

ConclusionEducation is fundamental to ensure that staff working in the area of transfusion/PBM have the knowledge and understanding to provide high‐quality, effective and safe patient care. It is an ongoing process, requiring regular updates and reinforcement to keep pace with changes to reduce errors and risk and improve patient outcomes.