bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic alterations in decoy VEGF receptor-1 stability regulate angiogenesis
Authors: Boucher Joshua M. , Clark Ryan P. , Chong Diana C. , Citrin Kathryn M. , Wylie Lyndsay A. , Bautch Victoria L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBlood vessel expansion is driven by sprouting angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and is essential for development, wound healing and disease. Membrane-localized vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (mVEGFR1) is an endothelial cell-intrinsic decoy receptor that negatively modulates blood vessel morphogenesis. Here we show that dynamic regulation of mVEGFR1 stability and turnover in blood vessels impacts angiogenesis. mVEGFR1 is highly stable and constitutively internalizes from the plasma membrane. Post-translational palmitoylation of mVEGFR1 is a binary stabilization switch, and ligand engagement leads to depalmitoylation and lysosomal degradation. Trafficking of palmitoylation enzymes via Rab27a regulates mVEGFR1 stability, as reduced levels of Rab27a impaired palmitoylation of mVEGFR1, decreased its stability, and elevated blood vessel sprouting and in vivo angiogenesis. These findings identify a regulatory axis affecting blood vessel morphogenesis that highlights exquisite post-translational regulation of mVEGFR1 in its role as a molecular rheostat.
Universal emulsion stabilization from the arrested adsorption of rough particles at liquid-liquid interfaces
Authors: Zanini Michele , Marschelke Claudia , Anachkov Svetoslav E. , Marini Emanuele , Synytska Alla , Isa Lucio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSurface heterogeneities, including roughness, significantly affect the adsorption, motion and interactions of particles at fluid interfaces. However, a systematic experimental study, linking surface roughness to particle wettability at a microscopic level, is currently missing. Here we synthesize a library of all-silica microparticles with uniform surface chemistry, but tuneable surface roughness and study their spontaneous adsorption at oil–water interfaces. We demonstrate that surface roughness strongly pins the particles’ contact lines and arrests their adsorption in long-lived metastable positions, and we directly measure the roughness-induced interface deformations around isolated particles. Pinning imparts tremendous contact angle hysteresis, which can practically invert the particle wettability for sufficient roughness, irrespective of their chemical nature. As a unique consequence, the same rough particles stabilize both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions depending on the phase they are initially dispersed in. These results both shed light on fundamental phenomena concerning particle adsorption at fluid interfaces and indicate future design rules for particle-based emulsifiers.
Seepage from an arctic shallow marine gas hydrate reservoir is insensitive to momentary ocean warming
Authors: Hong Wei-Li , Torres Marta E. , Carroll JoLynn , Crémière Antoine , Panieri Giuliana , Yao Haoyi , Serov Pavel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractArctic gas hydrate reservoirs located in shallow water and proximal to the sediment-water interface are thought to be sensitive to bottom water warming that may trigger gas hydrate dissociation and the release of methane. Here, we evaluate bottom water temperature as a potential driver for hydrate dissociation and methane release from a recently discovered, gas-hydrate-bearing system south of Spitsbergen (Storfjordrenna, ∼380 m water depth). Modelling of the non-steady-state porewater profiles and observations of distinct layers of methane-derived authigenic carbonate nodules in the sediments indicate centurial to millennial methane emissions in the region. Results of temperature modelling suggest limited impact of short-term warming on gas hydrates deeper than a few metres in the sediments. We conclude that the ongoing and past methane emission episodes at the investigated sites are likely due to the episodic ventilation of deep reservoirs rather than warming-induced gas hydrate dissociation in this shallow water seep site.
Genome-wide analysis of gene expression and protein secretion of Babesia canis during virulent infection identifies potential pathogenicity factors
Authors: Eichenberger Ramon M. , Ramakrishnan Chandra , Russo Giancarlo , Deplazes Peter , Hehl Adrian B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInfections of dogs with virulent strains ofBabesia canisare characterized by rapid onset and high mortality, comparable to complicated human malaria. As in other apicomplexan parasites, mostBabesiavirulence factors responsible for survival and pathogenicity are secreted to the host cell surface and beyond where they remodel and biochemically modify the infected cell interacting with host proteins in a very specific manner. Here, we investigated factors secreted byB.canisduring acute infections in dogs and report onin silicopredictions and experimental analysis of the parasite’s exportome. As a backdrop, we generated a fully annotatedB.canisgenome sequence of a virulent Hungarian field isolate (strain BcH-CHIPZ) underpinned by extensive genome-wide RNA-seq analysis. We find evidence for conserved factors in apicomplexan hemoparasites involved in immune-evasion (e.g. VESA-protein family), proteins secreted across the iRBC membrane into the host bloodstream (e.g. SA- and Bc28 protein families), potential moonlighting proteins (e.g. profilin and histones), and uncharacterized antigens present during acute crisis in dogs. The combined data provides a first predicted and partially validated set of potential virulence factors exported during fatal infections, which can be exploited for urgently needed innovative intervention strategies aimed at facilitating diagnosis and management of canine babesiosis.
Fibroblastic reticular cells of the lymphoid tissues modulate T cell activation threshold during homeostasis via hyperactive cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 axis
Authors: Yu Miao , Guo Gang , Zhang Xin , Li Li , Yang Wei , Bollag Roni , Cui Yan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in the T cell zone of lymph nodes (LNs) are pivotal for T cell survival, mobility, and peripheral tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that during homeostasis, FRCs also suppress T cell activation via producing high level of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) due to their thousands-fold higher cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression than immune cells. This hyperactive COX-2/PGE2-induced suppression is evident during antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific activations. It is implicated as suppressed TCR-signaling cascades, reduced alterations in activation markers, and inhibited cytokine production of freshly isolated T cells or T cells co-cultured with FRCs compared with those cultured without FRCs. Different from T cell dysfunction, this FRC-mediated suppression is surmountable by enhancing the strength of stimulation and is reversible by COX-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, T cells in the FRC environment whereCox-2is genetic inactivated are more sensitive and rapidly activated upon stimulations than those in WT environment. Significantly, FRCs of human lymphoid organs manifest similar COX-2/PGE2hyperactivity and T cell suppression. Together, this study identifies a previously unappreciated intrinsic mechanism of FRCs shared between mice and humans for suppressing T cell sensitivity to activation via PGE2, underscoring the importance of FRCs in shaping the suppressive milieu of lymphoid organs during homeostasis.
Efficacy and Safety of Mycobacterium indicus pranii as an adjunct therapy in Category II pulmonary tuberculosis in a randomized trial
Authors: Sharma Surendra K. , Katoch Kiran , Sarin Rohit , Balambal Raman , Kumar Jain Nirmal , Patel Naresh , Murthy Kolluri J. R. , Singla Neeta , Saha P. K. , Khanna Ashwani , Singh Urvashi , Kumar Sanjiv , Sengupta A. , Banavaliker J. N. , Chauhan D. S. , Sachan Shailendra , Wasim Mohammad , Tripathi Sanjay , Dutt Nilesh , Jain Nitin , Joshi Nalin , Penmesta Sita Ram Raju , Gaddam Sumanlatha , Gupta Sanjay , Khamar Bakulesh , Dey Bindu , Mitra Dipendra K. , Arora Sunil K. , Bhaskar Sangeeta , Rani Rajni 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProlonged treatment of tuberculosis (TB) often leads to poor compliance, default and relapse, converting primary TB patients into category II TB (Cat IITB) cases, many of whom may convert to multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). We have evaluated the immunotherapeutic potential of Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) as an adjunct to Anti-Tubercular Treatment (ATT) in Cat II pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentric clinical trial. 890 sputum smear positive Cat II PTB patients were randomized to receive either six intra-dermal injections (2 + 4) of heat-killed MIP at a dose of 5 × 108 bacilli or placebo once in 2 weeks for 2 months. Sputum smear and culture examinations were performed at different time points. MIP was safe with no adverse effects. While sputum smear conversion did not show any statistically significant difference, significantly higher number of patients (67.1%) in the MIP group achieved sputum culture conversion at fourth week compared to the placebo (57%) group (p = 0.0002), suggesting a role of MIP in clearance of the bacilli. Since live bacteria are the major contributors for sustained incidence of TB, the potential of MIP in clearance of the bacilli has far reaching implications in controlling the spread of the disease.
Declaration of local chemical eradication of the Argentine ant: Bayesian estimation with a multinomial-mixture model
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiko , Kumagai Naoki H. , Goka Koichi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDetermining the success of eradication of an invasive species requires a way to decide when its risk of reoccurrence has become acceptably low. In Japan, the area populated by the Argentine ant,Linepithema humile(Mayr), is expanding, and eradication via chemical treatment is ongoing at various locations. One such program in Tokyo was apparently successful, because the ant population decreased to undetectable levels within a short time. However, construction of a population model for management purposes was difficult because the probability of detecting ants decreases rapidly as the population collapses. To predict the time when the ant was eradicated, we developed a multinomial-mixture model for chemical eradication based on monthly trapping data and the history of pesticide applications. We decided when to declare that eradication had been successful by considering both ‘eradication’ times, which we associated with eradication probabilities of 95% and 99%, and an optimal stopping time based on a ‘minimum expected economic cost’ that considered the possibility that surveys were stopped too soon. By applying these criteria, we retroactively declared that Argentine ants had been eradicated 38–42 months after the start of treatments (16–17 months after the last sighting).
Phototaxis beyond turning: persistent accumulation and response acclimation of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Arrieta Jorge , Barreira Ana , Chioccioli Maurizio , Polin Marco , Tuval Idan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhototaxis is an important reaction to light displayed by a wide range of motile microorganisms. Flagellated eukaryotic microalgae in particular, like the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, steer either towards or away from light by a rapid and precisely timed modulation of their flagellar activity. Cell steering, however, is only the beginning of a much longer process which ultimately allows cells to determine their light exposure history. This process is not well understood. Here we present a first quantitative study of the long timescale phototactic motility of Chlamydomonas at both single cell and population levels. Our results reveal that the phototactic strategy adopted by these microorganisms leads to an efficient exposure to light, and that the phototactic response is modulated over typical timescales of tens of seconds. The adaptation dynamics for phototaxis and chlorophyll fluorescence show a striking quantitative agreement, suggesting that photosynthesis controls quantitatively how cells navigate a light field.
Zinc-modified Calcium Silicate Coatings Promote Osteogenic Differentiation through TGF-β/Smad Pathway and Osseointegration in Osteopenic Rabbits
Authors: Yu Jiangming , Xu Lizhang , Li Kai , Xie Ning , Xi Yanhai , Wang Yang , Zheng Xuebin , Chen Xiongsheng , Wang Meiyan , Ye Xiaojian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSurface-modified metal implants incorporating different ions have been employed in the biomedical field as bioactive dental implants with good osseointegration properties. However, the molecular mechanism through which surface coatings exert the biological activity is not fully understood, and the effects have been difficult to achieve, especially in the osteopenic bone. In this study, We examined the effect of zinc-modified calcium silicate coatings with two different Zn contents to induce osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived pericytes (BM-PCs) and osteogenetic efficiency in ovariectomised rabbits. Ti-6Al-4V with zinc-modified calcium silicate coatings not only enhanced proliferation but also promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralized matrix deposition of rat BM-PCs as the zinc content and culture time increased in vitro. The associated molecular mechanisms were investigated by Q-PCR and Western blotting, revealing that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a direct and significant role in regulating BM-PCs osteoblastic differentiation on Zn-modified coatings. Furthermore, in vivo results that revealed Zn-modified calcium silicate coatings significantly promoted new bone formation around the implant surface in osteopenic rabbits as the Zn content and exposure time increased. Therefore, Zn-modified calcium silicate coatings can improve implant osseointegration in the condition of osteopenia, which may be beneficial for patients suffering from osteoporosis-related fractures.
Ultrafast nonlinear optical response in solution dispersions of black phosphorus
Authors: Miao Lili , Shi Bingxin , Yi Jun , Jiang Yaqin , Zhao Chujun , Wen Shuangchun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) effect for solution dispersions of black phosphorus (BP). The experimental results suggest that this concentration-dependent coherent light diffraction is due to the ultrafast and large third-order optical nonlinearity of BP. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of BP has been simply obtained about 10−19 m2/V2 by analyzing the experimental results. The fast relaxation time during dynamic relaxation is obtained as 0.13 ps. Our experimental results imply novel potential application of BP in ultrafast nonlinear phase modulation devices based on their nonlinear optical response.
Nanotechnology-Based Approaches in Pediatric Parasitic Infections
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanotechnology is getting more importance in pharmaceutical chemistry and has a significant role in enabling the drugs in targeting specific cells and tissues. Dose administration and formulation of drugs for pediatric patients remain a challenge; an ideal pediatric formulation must be in an appropriate dosage form that can be handled by the pediatric patients. Drug pharmacokinetics in children differs from the adults and also differs in toxicity and side effects. Therefore, treatment of diseases in pediatric patients cannot be simplified just to adjust the body weight or using measures such as cutting pills in half. In this regard, application of innovative techniques such as nanotechnology in the pediatric population is receiving enormous attention. This study discussed the application of nanotechnology for the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and schistosomiasis in pediatric patients.
The Rationale of Osteotomy around the Knee
Authors: Lobenhoffer Philipp 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFrontal plane varus or valgus deformity causes overload in the ipsilateral compartment and may induce and accelerate cartilage damage. Osteotomy around the knee should be considered in symptomatic constitutional and posttraumatic metaphyseal deformities of more than 3-degree deviation. Age, grade of osteoarthritis, obesity, and nicotine consumption are no exclusion criteria for osteotomy. For correction of varus deformity, biplanar open wedge osteotomy of the tibia with fixation by a plate fixator has proven to be a safe and stable construct allowing for early weight-bearing. Valgus deformities of the tibia can be treated by biplanar closed wedge osteotomy of the proximal tibia. For femur deformities closed wedge biplanar osteotomy and fixation with a specific plate fixator is an attractive solution reducing implant-related morbidity. Osteotomy around the knee may also be used to protect cartilage reconstruction and meniscus transplantation. Corrections in the sagittal plane may improve the anteroposterior stability of the knee significantly and can be combined with frontal plane corrections.
Einflussfaktoren des Zugangs in die Anschlussrehabilitation (AHB) von operativ versorgten kardiologischen Patienten
Authors: Lohss R. , Blumenthal M. , Gottschling-Lang A. , Egen C. , Gutenbrunner C. , Sturm C. 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Untersucht wurde der Einfluss umwelt- und personenbezogener Faktoren auf den Zugang in die Anschlussrehabilitation (AHB) operativ versorgter kardiologischer Patienten.
Methodik Die Studie war als explorative, beobachtende Querschnittstudie ohne Intervention angelegt. Die Befragung der Patienten erfolgte anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens in 2 Akutkrankenhäusern auf kardiologischen und kardiochirurgischen Normalstationen. Anhand multivariater logistischer Regressionsmodelle wurden die Einflussstärken verschiedener Faktoren auf den AHB-Zugang berechnet.
Ergebnisse Eingeschlossen wurden 210 Patienten. Das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 52,1 Jahren, 81,0% waren männlich. Bei 61,0% der Patienten wurde eine AHB bewilligt. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen mit und ohne AHB gab es hinsichtlich Alter (p=0,018), Geschlecht (p=0,007), der PAREMO-Skalen „Änderungsbereitschaft“ (p=0,011) und „Skepsis“ (p=0,005) sowie des Rehabilitationsziels „Erlernen von Fähigkeiten im Umgang mit der Erkrankung“ (p=0,043). Bezüglich erhobenem Barthel-Index zum Befragungszeitpunkt gab es keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen beiden Gruppen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit auf den AHB-Zugang erhöhte sich signifikant, wenn eine Indikation (OP-Verfahren) gemäß AHB-Indikationskatalog vorlag (p=0,001; OR=5,76) oder ein AHB-Wunsch des Patienten vorhanden war (p<0,001; OR=17,91).
Diskussion Die Bewilligung einer AHB kardiologischer Patienten wird neben dem durchgeführten Operationsverfahren auch durch den individuellen AHB-Wunsch der Patienten beeinflusst. Voraussetzung für das Antreten einer AHB ist u. a. eine ausreichende Rehabilitationsfähigkeit gemäß Barthel-Index, die jedoch keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die AHB-Bewilligung hatte.
Schlussfolgerung Es bleibt zu prüfen, inwieweit der persönliche Patientenwunsch mit Parametern der Rehabilitationsfähigkeit verbunden werden kann. Weiterhin scheint es notwendig, Konzepte zu entwickeln, nach denen die Rehabilitationsfähigkeit stärker auf die Entscheidung einer AHB Einfluss nehmen kann.
Demenzielle Erkrankungen: Sport und Bewegung in Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Eidenschink Stefan 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungAdäquate sportliche Bewegung kann einer Demenz vorbeugen und das Fortschreiten einer bestehenden Demenz verlangsamen. In der
Primärprävention haben Studien belegt: Körperlich Aktive erreichen in kognitiven Tests die höchsten Leistungen und weisen das
geringste Demenzrisiko auf.Auch in der Sekundärprävention bei bereits bestehender Erkrankung bestätigen Studien die Vorteile körperlicher Aktivität: Ein
speziell auf Demenzkranke abgestimmtes Trainingsprogramm zeigte Benefits für die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und eine
signifikante Wirkung auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit.In der Praxis haben sich Übungen bewährt, die Gleichgewicht und Muskelkraft trainieren sowie Multitaskingaufgaben integrieren.
Gelingt es, Emotionen wie ein wenig Freude zu wecken, bleibt die Aufmerksamkeit bei diesem Tun, hilfreich sind hier z. B. ein
sozialer Rahmen oder Musik.
Morbus Alzheimer – Ansätze für die Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDer dramatische Anstieg der Alzheimer-Erkrankung im Alter, als Zeichen zunehmender Neurodegeneration muss als Resultat vermehrter
oxidativer und inflammatorischer Prozesse im Gehirn betrachtet werden, wobei Chemikalien (z. B. Aluminium, Biozide, Endocrine
Disruptors), AGEs, Fette und Mangel an protektiven Nährstoffen wesentliche Auslöser sind. Mangel an körperlicher Aktivität und
geringe kognitive Reserve, durch reduzierte geistige und soziale Aktivität, verstärken die degenerativen Effekte. Sinnvolle
Ansätze müssen sich v.a. auf die Prävention konzentrieren und möglichst viele der krankheitsfördernden Effekte früh im Leben
reduzieren oder ausschalten. Die beste Prävention und Therapie stellt daher ein biologischer Lebensstil schon in jungen Jahren
dar. Dazu gehören vollwertige und gesunde Lebensmittel ohne Chemie sowie eine gute Versorgung mit allen wichtigen Nährstoffen.
Dies würde die ursächlichen Prozesse wie die AGE/RAGE/NF-kB-Kaskade, oxidativen Stress und Neuroinflammation deutlich reduzieren.
Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität, ausreichende Ruhe und Erholungszeiten (für die Zellregeneration), wie auch geistige und soziale
Aktivität bis ins Alter würden die Neurogenese deutlich erhöhen. Dieser Ansatz ist nicht nur wesentlich effektiver als jedes
eventuelle Medikamente, er hat auch keine Nebenwirkungen.