bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proportion of primary squamous cell carcinomas of the parotid gland harbour high‐risk human papillomavirus
Authors: Xu Bin , Wang Lu , Borsu Laetitia , Ghossein Ronald , Katabi Nora , Ganly Ian , Dogan Snjezana 
Published: July 2016

AimsIn the current study, we aimed to examine primary parotid squamous cell carcinoma (ParSCC) for the presence of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) and associated molecular alterations.Methods and resultsEight cases of ParSCC were retrieved after a detailed clinicopathological review to exclude the possibility of metastasis and/or extension from another primary site. HR‐HPV status was determined on the basis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 expression and chromogenic in‐situ hybridization (CISH) for HR‐HPV. All cases were genotyped with a multiplexed mass spectrometry assay interrogating 91 hotspot mutations in eight cancer‐related genes (EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MEK1 and ERBB2), and studied by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization for PTEN copy number alteration. Three of eight cases (37.5%) were positive for the presence of HR‐HPV by CISH and p16 IHC. One of three (33%) HR‐HPV‐positive cases harboured a PTEN hemizygous deletion, and one (33%) HR‐HPV‐positive case harboured a PIK3CA E545K somatic mutation. No alteration of the PTEN–PI3K pathway was detected in HR‐HPV‐negative tumours. Over a median follow‐up period of 66.2 months, only the patient with the HR‐HPV‐positive PIK3CA‐mutated tumour died of his disease, the remaining seven patients being disease‐free.ConclusionsGiven the established aetiological role of HR‐HPV in other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, it is likely that HR‐HPV represents an oncogenic driver in the pathogenesis of more than one‐third of ParSCCs. The presence of HR‐HPV in ParSCC may be coupled with alterations in the PTEN–PI3K pathway. Further studies on HR‐HPV and the molecular characterization of a larger number of ParSCCs are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
‘Working in the dark’: Swedish general dental practitioners on the complexity of root canal treatment
Authors: Dahlström L. , Lindwall O. , Rystedt H. , Reit C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo explore elements of reasoning and understanding that might obstruct the performance of good‐quality root canal treatment (RCT) and make general dental practitioners (GDPs) produce and accept root fillings of inferior quality.MethodologyThe study was designed as a qualitative and explorative study based on seven videotaped focus group interviews analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Nine predetermined questions were followed. Thirty‐three GDPs (4–6 dentists/interview), employed in the Public Dental Health Service in Gothenburg, Sweden, participated.ResultsFeelings such as anxiety, frustration, stress or exhaustion were associated with RCT. In general, RCT was regarded as complex, mysterious and embedded in uncertainty. A feeling of loss of control was frequently described in relation to all procedural steps from negotiating the canal to prognostic deliberations. Reasons could include challenging canals, complicated instruments and the fact that treatment had to be performed in a concealed space without visible insight. Several dentists questioned the requirements for correctly performing RCT, and some indicated that striving towards optimal technical root filling quality should not be expected in each case in general practice. Most of the GDPs were unable to complete a case within the remuneration system, and they therefore either spent more time than the set fee allowed for or accepted a suboptimal root filling when the time limit was reached.ConclusionsHigh levels of stress and frustration in relation to RCT were reported by the GDPs. RCT was regarded as complex and was often performed with an overall sense of lack of control.
Sponge cake microstructure, starch retrogradation and quality changes during frozen storage
Authors: Díaz‐Ramírez Mayra , Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina , Salgado‐Cruz Ma de la Paz , Chanona‐Pérez José J. , Andraca‐Adame José A. , Ribotta Pablo D. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe effect of frozen storage (6 months) on the microstructure (microscopy, flatbed scanning and image analysis), quality (texture, moisture and specific volume) and starch retrogradation of the cake crumb were evaluated. After 2 months of storage, texture (firmness, cohesiveness and resilience) was significantly (P < 0.05) affected and starch retrogradation was observed, while by the fourth month, the crystallinity increased and crumb fractures were noticeable. Additionally, the shrinkage of starch granules was observed as the starch circularity (Sc) values significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by the sixth month of storage. Although structural changes were not detected by image analysis, it was demonstrated that cake microstructure damage is related to physical changes because the Sc was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with moisture and specific volume and therefore with the cake quality and texture. Moreover, sugar re‐crystallisation occurred during frozen storage, and it was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the deterioration in cake quality.
Effect of cooking on polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Araucaria angustifolia seed coat and evaluation of phytochemical and microbiological stability over storage
Authors: Sant'Anna Voltaire , Sfoglia Natalia M. , Mercali Giovana D. , Corrêa Ana Paula F. , Brandelli Adriano 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cooking on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the coat of pinhão. Moreover, the dried powder, obtained after seed coat cooking and drying, was stored for 90 days at 25 °C, and stability of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, as well as, growth of viable bacteria and fungi were evaluated. Results showed that polyphenol content was increased in the residue submitted to cooking from 25 to 51 mg GAE g−1. DPPH radical scavenging capability decreased from 93% to 88% after the heat treatment, and 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐ 6‐sulfonic acid radical scavenging was not affected. Pinhão seed coat did not present iron‐chelating capacity. The coat from cooked seeds presented low growth of viable bacteria, but was suitable to yeast multiplication during storage period under ambient conditions. No degradation of phenolics and compounds with antioxidant activity was observed during the storage conditions.
Cotesia vestalis parasitization suppresses expression of a Plutella xylostella thioredoxin
Authors: Shi M. , Zhao S. , Wang Z‐H. , Stanley D. , Chen X.‐X. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThioredoxins (Trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved and ubiquitous proteins involved in protecting organisms against toxic reactive oxygen species. In this study, a typical thioredoxin gene, PxTrx, was isolated from Plutella xylostella. The full‐length cDNA sequence is composed of 959 bp containing a 321 bp open reading frame that encodes a predicted protein of 106 amino acids, a predicted molecular weight of 11.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.03. PxTrx was mainly expressed in larval Malpighian tubules and the fat body. An enriched recombinant PxTrx had insulin disulphide reductase activity and stimulated Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cell proliferation. It also protected supercoiled DNA and living HEK293 cells from H2O2‐induced damage. Parasitization by Cotesia vestalis and injections of 0.05 and 0.01 equivalents of C. vestalis Bracovirus (CvBv), the symbiotic virus carried by the parasitoid, led to down‐regulation of PxTrx expression in host fat body. Taken together, our results indicate that PxTrx contributes to the maintenance of P. xylostella cellular haemostasis. Host fat body expression of PxTrx is strongly attenuated by parasitization and by injections of CvBv.
Nursing staff stress from challenging behaviour of residents with dementia: a concept analysis
Authors: Hazelhof T.J.G.M. , Schoonhoven L. , van Gaal B.G.I. , Koopmans R.T.C.M. , Gerritsen D.L. 
Published: July 2016

AimProvide insight into the concept of stress in the context of challenging behaviour of nursing home residents with dementia and its causes and consequences.BackgroundChallenging behaviour is frequent in residents with dementia, but consequences for nursing staff are unclear.IntroductionChallenging behaviour of residents can be enervating for nurses and may lead to stress. Although stress in general is associated with negative outcomes, an overview of stress in this context would be a welcome addition to the field.MethodConcept analysis according to Walker and Avant.ResultsIdentified antecedents of stress: physical and verbal aggression, conflicts, excessive demands and being unresponsive (residents), age, experience, tenure, nursing level and training (nursing staff). Defining attributes: disturbed homoeostasis and the personal appraisal of the situation. Identified consequences regard health, psychological aspects and behaviour.DiscussionIntervening in the identified factors may contribute to prevention of stress in nursing staff.LimitationsGiven a lack of strong empirical studies, our analysis is not based on a high level of evidence and needs to be tested. Papers from before 1990 might have been missed.ConclusionThe concept analysis revealed that nursing staff stress in the context of challenging behaviour may result from resident and nursing staff factors. Besides health and psychological consequences, behavioural consequences can enormously impact the well‐being of residents.ImplicationsApplication in daily care to support teams in influencing resident and nursing staff factors could prevent stress, for instance using behavioural management training or recruiting higher educated nursing staff. Given the increasing complexity of care, creating specialized units with specifically trained staff for different groups of people with dementia may be desirable.
Children's experiences of dental anxiety
Authors: Morgan Annie G. , Rodd Helen D. , Porritt Jenny M. , Baker Sarah R. , Creswell Cathy , Newton Tim , Williams Chris , Marshman Zoe 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundDental anxiety is common among children. Although there is a wealth of research investigating childhood dental anxiety, little consideration has been given to the child's perspective.AimThis qualitative study sought to explore with children their own experiences of dental anxiety using a cognitive behavioural therapy assessment model.DesignFace‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with dentally anxious children aged 11–16 years. The Five Areas model was used to inform the topic guide and analysis. Data were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsIn total, 13 children were interviewed. Participants described their experiences of dental anxiety across multiple dimensions (situational factors and altered thoughts, feelings, physical symptoms, and behaviours). Participants placed considerable value on communication by dental professionals, with poor communication having a negative influence on dental anxiety and the dentist–patient relationship.ConclusionsThis study confirms the Five Areas model as an applicable theoretical model for the assessment of childhood dental anxiety. Children provided insights about their own dental anxiety experiences that have not previously been described.
Influenza C infections in Western Australia and Victoria from 2008 to 2014
Authors: Jelley Lauren , Levy Avram , Deng Yi‐Mo , Spirason Natalie , Lang Jurissa , Buettner Iwona , Druce Julian , Blyth Chris , Effler Paul , Smith David , Barr Ian G. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundInfluenza C is usually considered a minor cause of respiratory illness in humans with many infections being asymptomatic or clinically mild. Large outbreaks can occur periodically resulting in significant morbidity.ObjectivesThis study aimed at analyzing the available influenza C clinical samples from two widely separated states of Australia, collected over a 7‐year period and to compare them with influenza C viruses detected in other parts of the world in recent years.Patients/MethodsBetween 2008 and 2014, 86 respiratory samples that were influenza C positive were collected from subjects with influenza‐like illness living in the states of Victoria and Western Australia. A battery of other respiratory viruses were also tested for in these influenza C‐positive samples. Virus isolation was attempted on all of these clinical samples, and gene sequencing was performed on all influenza C‐positive cultures.Results and conclusionsDetections of influenza C in respiratory samples were sporadic in most years studied, but higher rates of infection occurred in 2012 and 2014. Many of the patients with influenza C had coinfections with other respiratory pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis of the full‐length hemagglutinin–esterase–fusion (HE) gene found that most of the viruses grouped in the C/Sao Paulo/378/82 clade with the remainder grouping in the C/Kanagawa/1/76 clade.
Pessimism About Motivating Modal Personism
Authors: Roberts Adam James 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn ‘What's Wrong with Speciesism?’, Shelly Kagan sketches an account on which both actually being a person and possibly being a person are relevant to one's moral status, labelling this view ‘modal personism’ and supporting its conclusions with appeals to intuitions about a range of marginal cases. I tender a pessimistic response to Kagan's concern about motivating modal personism: that is, of being able to ‘go beyond the mere appeal to brute intuition, eventually offering an account of why modal personhood should matter in the ways we may intuitively think that it does.’
C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase signalling pathway in response to cisplatin
Authors: Yan Dong , An GuangYu , Kuo Macus Tien 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCisplatin (cis diamminedichloroplatinum II, cDDP) is one of the most effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents and is used in the treatment of many types of human malignancies. However, inherent tumour resistance is a major barrier to effective cisplatin therapy. So far, the mechanism of cDDP resistance has not been well defined. In general, cisplatin is considered to be a cytotoxic drug, for damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA synthesis, resulting in apoptosis via the mitochondrial death pathway or plasma membrane disruption. cDDP−induced DNA damage triggers signalling pathways that will eventually decide between cell life and death. As a member of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases family, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is a signalling pathway in response to extracellular stimuli, especially drug treatment, to modify the activity of numerous proteins locating in the mitochondria or the nucleus. Recent studies suggest that JNK signalling pathway plays a major role in deciding the fate of the cell and inducing resistance to cDDP‐induced apoptosis in human tumours. c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase regulates several important cellular functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis while activating and inhibiting substrates for phosphorylation transcription factors (c‐Jun, ATF2: Activating transcription factor 2, p53 and so on), which subsequently induce pro‐apoptosis and pro‐survival factors expression. Therefore, it is suggested that JNK signal pathway is a double‐edged sword in cDDP treatment, simultaneously being a significant pro‐apoptosis factor but also being associated with increased resistance to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. This review focuses on current knowledge concerning the role of JNK in cell response to cDDP, as well as their role in cisplatin resistance.
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 2. Pre‐ and post‐zygotic isolation
Authors: Hipperson H. , Dunning L. T. , Baker W. J. , Butlin R. K. , Hutton I. , Papadopulos A. S. T. , Smadja C. M. , Wilson T. C. , Devaux C. , Savolainen V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe evaluated reproductive isolation in two species of palms (Howea) that have evolved sympatrically on Lord Howe Island (LHI, Australia). We estimated the strength of some pre‐ and post‐zygotic mechanisms in maintaining current species boundaries. We found that flowering time displacement between species is consistent acrossinandex situcommon gardens and is thus partly genetically determined. On LHI, pre‐zygotic isolation due solely to flowering displacement was 97% forHowea belmoreanaand 80% forH. forsteriana; this asymmetry results fromH. forsterianaflowering earlier thanH. belmoreanaand being protandrous. As expected, only a few hybrids (here confirmed by genotyping) at both juvenile and adult stages could be detected in two sites on LHI, in which the two species grow intermingled (the Far Flats) or adjacently (Transit Hill). Yet, the distribution of hybrids was different between sites. At Transit Hill, we found no hybrid adult trees, but 13.5% of younger palms examined there were of late hybrid classes. In contrast, we found four hybrid adult trees, mostly of late hybrid classes, and only one juvenile F1 hybrid in the Far Flats. This pattern indicates that selection acts against hybrids between the juvenile and adult stages. Anin situreciprocal seed transplant between volcanic and calcareous soils also shows that early fitness components (up to 36 months) were affected by species and soil. These results are indicative of divergent selection in reproductive isolation, although it does not solely explain the current distribution of the two species on LHI.
The effects of napping on the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Srivali Narat , Vijayvargiya Priya , Andersen Carl A. , Kittanamongkolchai Wonngarm , Sathick Insara J. Jaffer , Caples Sean M. , Erickson Stephen B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe risk of hypertension in adults who regularly take a nap is controversial. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to assess the associations between napping and hypertension.MethodsA literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMbase and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception through October, 2015. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios or hazard ratios comparing the risk of hypertension in individuals who regularly take nap were included. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random‐effect, generic inverse variance method.ResultsNine observational studies with 112,267 individuals were included in the analysis to assess the risk of hypertension in nappers. The pooled RR of hypertension in nappers was 1.13 with 95% CI (0.98 to 1.30). When meta‐analysis was limited only to studies assessing the risk of hypertension in daytime nappers, the pooled RR of hypertension was 1.19 with 95% CI (1.06 to 1.35). The data on association between nighttime napping in individuals who work night shift and hypertension were limited, only one observational study reported reduced risk of hypertension in nighttime nappers with odds ratio of 0.79 with 95% CI (0.63 to 1.00).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis demonstrates a significant association between daytime napping and hypertension. Future study is needed to assess the potential benefits of HTN screening for daytime nappers.
Bullous pemphigoid‐like skin blistering disease in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kim Jong‐Min , Kim Hyun‐Je , Min Byoung‐Hoon , Shin Jun‐Seop , Jeong Won Young , Lee Ga Eul , Kim Min Sun , Kim Ju Eun , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAutoimmune bullous disease is very uncommon in non‐human primates. We observed a bullous skin disease in a male rhesus monkey while conducting porcine islet xenotransplantation. Fifty days after the transplantation, multiple bullous skin lesions were observed. There was no mucosal involvement. Skin biopsy results demonstrated a subepidermal blister with no necrotic keratinocytes. Immunofluorescent staining showed linear IgG deposition at the roof of the blister. These skin lesions spontaneously disappeared. Considering these results, this monkey was diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid (BP). As far as we know, this is the first report of BP in non‐human primates.
Assessing Fidelity of a Community‐Based Opioid Overdose Prevention Program: Modification of the Fidelity Checklist
Authors: Clark Angela , Breitenstein Susie , Martsolf Donna S. , Winstanley Erin L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation and maintenance of treatment fidelity is an important methodological consideration in intervention research. Treatment fidelity is the degree to which interventions are delivered as outlined by the program developers. A lack of fidelity to the intervention model has the potential to be a large source of error, including type I and type II error. Monitoring and assuring fidelity is critical to assuring the validity of the interventions. The Fidelity Checklist is a reliable and valid tool designed to measure fidelity in a group‐based parenting program. The Fidelity Checklist assesses group leaders’ maintenance of the intervention protocol (adherence) and their group facilitation and process skills (competence).ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to describe the systematic process of modifying the Fidelity Checklist for use in a community‐based opioid overdose prevention group educational intervention.MethodsA biphasic approach was used to modify the Fidelity Checklist. Phase 1 included engaging key stakeholders during a full‐day meeting to determine adherence subscale components. Phase 2 included: (a) the modification of the competence subscale of the Fidelity Checklist, (b) adaptation of the coding manual defining the components of the Fidelity Checklist, and (c) creating a fidelity checklist to guide interventionists.ResultsThe biphasic systematic modification approach resulted in a revised Fidelity Checklist that was successfully used to measure treatment fidelity in a community‐based opioid overdose prevention program.Clinical RelevanceThe findings of this study provide information for nurse researchers and nurse educators for modifying a fidelity checklist that can be used to enhance community‐based educational interventions.
Weight Control Behavior as an Indicator of Adolescent Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Yeatts Paul E. , Martin Scott B. , Petrie Trent A. , Greenleaf Christy 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdolescence is a critical time for the development of psychological well‐being. Weight gain and the emergence of body image concerns during this period can lead to the development of negative psychological states. To explore this issue, we examined the relationship between weight control behavior (WCB; ie, trying to lose, gain, stay the same, or do nothing about weight) and levels of depression and self‐esteem.METHODSAdolescents (508 boys, 502 girls; Mage = 12.32 ± .88 years) completed a survey that assessed WCB, depression, and self‐esteem. Descriptive discriminant analysis was used to analyze WCB group differences on psychological well‐being. Multivariate post hoc analysis further examined group differences. Structure coefficients indicated the relative importance of each dependent variable in boys and girls.RESULTSResults indicated that, among both sexes, WCB was significantly related to depression and self‐esteem. Individuals trying to lose weight had lower levels of psychological well‐being than the other groups.CONCLUSIONSAdolescents trying to lose weight reported the lowest psychological well‐being scores whereas those not doing anything to control weight reported the highest levels of psychological well‐being. These findings have important implications for screening and education programs designed to monitor and support adolescent psychological well‐being.