bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Valuation of Carbon Bonds Linked with Carbon Price
Authors: Zhang Shuhua , Yang Zhuo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The carbon bonds issued by countries or enterprises can solve the problem of funds in low carbon economy growth. Now most of carbon bonds pay fixed interest rates, and a few pay floating rates.
The diversity of carbon bonds can attract more investors to participate green energy projects. The London Accord project group proposed the index linked carbon bonds in the World Band Government Borrowers' Forum in May 2009, and pointed out that the interest paid regularly may be linked to carbon price, governments' carbon emission targets, in-country fossil fuel prices or tariff feed-in prices. In this paper, the interests are considered to be linked with carbon prices in the condition of stochastic risk-free interest rate, and a partial differential equation is established for carbon bond interests. Also, a fitted finite volume method is employed to solve the resulting partial differential equation numerically, and on the basis of the valuation for zero-coupon bonds, the price of carbon bonds is obtained. Finally, some data are utilized for the calibration of the parameters in the established pricing models, and some numerical examples are presented and the effects of parameters on solutions are also demonstrated, which can provide references for the issuers of carbon bonds.
On the complex dynamics of birational surface maps defined over number fields
Authors: Jonsson Mattias , Reschke Paul 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We show that any birational selfmap of a complex projective surface
that has dynamical degree greater
than one and is defined over a number field automatically satisfies
the Bedford–Diller energy condition after a suitable birational
conjugacy.
As a consequence, the complex dynamics of the map is well behaved.
We also show that there is a well-defined canonical height function.
K-homological finiteness and hyperbolic groups
Authors: Emerson Heath , Nica Bogdan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Motivated by classical facts concerning closed manifolds, we introduce a strong finiteness property in K-homology. We say that a

C
*

\mathrm{C}^{*}

-algebra has uniformly summable K-homology if all its K-homology classes can be represented by Fredholm modules which are finitely summable over the same dense subalgebra, and with the same degree of summability. We show that two types of

C
*

\mathrm{C}^{*}

-algebras associated to hyperbolic groups – the

C
*

\mathrm{C}^{*}

-crossed product for the boundary action, and the reduced group

C
*

\mathrm{C}^{*}

-algebra – have uniformly summable K-homology. We provide explicit summability degrees, as well as explicit finitely summable representatives for the K-homology classes.
Compact Tri-Band BPF with Controllable Passbands Based on Stubs Loaded Stepped-Impedance Resonators
Authors: Xu Jin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, a novel second-order tri-band bandpass filter (BPF) is presented by using the first three modes of stubs loaded stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs). The resonant behavior of proposed stubs loaded SIR is analyzed by even-/odd-mode method and parameters sweep, which shows its controllable first three resonant modes. As an example, a second-order tri-band BPF operating at 3.5/5.2/5.8 GHz for WiMax and WLAN applications is designed, fabricated and measured. The fabricated filter has a compact size of 0.21λg × 0.28 λg. Good agreement is shown between the simulated and measured results.
Environmental impact of the Midia Port - Black Sea (Romania), on the coastal sediment quality
Authors: Catianis Irina , Ungureanu Constantin , Magagnini Luca , Ulazzi Elisa , Campisi Tiziana , Stanica Adrian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of potential pollution sources, mainly from the upstream anthropogenic sources and port-related activities. The in-vestigated area covered a wide range of anthropogenic im-pacts (e.g., industrial wastes, storm water runoff, acciden-tal oil spills, intentional discharges and shipping activities). The quality of water and Sediments was assessed us-ing Standard methods, as physical-chemical parameters, chemistry and biology (microbiology, ecotoxicology) aim-ing to figure the level of pollution and the effect of port-related activities. Seawater quality results agreed generally with environmental Standards. Though, in some samples the concentrations of sulphates (mg/1) and heavy metals (μg/1), as B, As and Se exceeded the recommended lim-its, without posing a serious environmental concern. Most of the surface sediment samples contain critical levels of hydrocarbons (C>12), (mg/kg), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ng/g) and polychlorobiphenyls (ng/g). For some heavy metals (mg/kg), exchangeable concentrations were found to be very close or above the regulations. The signifi-cance of this study is incontestable taking into account the lack of previous relevant historical data of this area. In this sense, it was possible to indicate, in general, good environmental conditions, despite the industrial and concentrated local port-related activities in the investigated area.
Transmission Loss Calculation using A and B Loss Coefficients in Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem
Authors: Jethmalani C. H. Ram , Dumpa Poornima , Simon Sishaj P. , Sundareswaran K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper analyzes the performance of A-loss coefficients while evaluating transmission losses in a Dynamic Economic Dispatch (DED) Problem. The performance analysis is carried out by comparing the losses computed using nominal A loss coefficients and nominal B loss coefficients in reference with load flow solution obtained by standard Newton-Raphson (NR) method. Density based clustering method based on connected regions with sufficiently high density (DBSCAN) is employed in identifying the best regions of A and B loss coefficients. Based on the results obtained through cluster analysis, a novel approach in improving the accuracy of network loss calculation is proposed. Here, based on the change in per unit load values between the load intervals, loss coefficients are updated for calculating the transmission losses. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated on IEEE 6 bus system, IEEE 14 bus, system IEEE 30 bus system and IEEE 118 bus system. All simulations are carried out using SCILAB 5.4 (www.scilab.org) which is an open source software.
Use of difference-based methods to explore statistical and mathematical model discrepancy in inverse problems
Authors: Banks H. Thomas , Catenacci Jared , Hu Shuhua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNormalized differences of several adjacent observations, referred to as pseudo-measurement errors in this paper, are used in so-called difference-based estimation methods as building blocks for the variance estimate of measurement errors. Numerical results demonstrate that pseudo-measurement errors can be used to serve the role of measurement errors. Based on this information, we propose the use of pseudo-measurement errors to determine an appropriate statistical model and then to subsequently investigate whether there is a mathematical model misspecification or error. We also propose to use the information provided by pseudo-measurement errors to quantify uncertainty in parameter estimation by bootstrapping methods. A number of numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of these proposed methods.
Cryptographic properties of monotone Boolean functions
Authors: Carlet Claude , Joyner David , Stănică Pantelimon , Tang Deng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We prove various results on monotone Boolean functions. In particular, we prove a conjecture
proposed recently, stating that there are no monotone bent Boolean functions.
Further, we give an upper bound on the nonlinearity of monotone functions in odd dimension, we describe the Walsh–Hadamard spectrum and investigate some other cryptographic properties of monotone Boolean functions.
Unconditionally secure signature schemes revisited
Authors: Swanson Colleen M. , Stinson Douglas R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Unconditionally secure signature (USS) schemes provide the ability to electronically sign documents without the reliance on computational assumptions needed in traditional digital signatures. Unlike digital signatures, USS schemes require that verification algorithms are not public – for any possible signer, a given user must have a different secret verification algorithm corresponding to that signer. Thus, any viable security definition for a USS scheme must carefully treat the subject of what constitutes a valid signature. That is, it is important to distinguish between signatures that are created using a user's signing algorithm and signatures that may satisfy one or more user verification algorithms. Moreover, given that each verifier has his own distinct verification algorithm, a USS scheme must necessarily handle the event of a disagreement. In this paper, we present a new security model for USS schemes that incorporates these notions, as well as give a formal treatment of dispute resolution and the trust assumptions required.
We provide formal definitions of non-repudiation and transferability in the context of dispute resolution, and give sufficient conditions for a USS scheme to satisfy these properties. We then extend our basic framework to the setting of strong key-insulated signatures, which increase robustness against key exposure. Finally, we give security analyses for two constructions: Hanaoka et al.'s construction, which we show is secure in our basic USS model, and a key-insulated extension of this construction, which is secure in our strong key-insulated model.
This is an extended version of the conference paper [Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 6673, Springer, Berlin (2011), 100–116], which appeared in ICITS 2011.
Error estimates for Neumann boundary control problems with energy regularization
Authors: Apel Thomas , Steinbach Olaf , Winkler Max 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA Neumann boundary control problem for a second order elliptic state equation is considered. The problem is regularized by an energy term which is equivalent to theThe state and co-state are approximated by piecewise linear finite elements. For the approximation of the control variable we use carefully designed spaces of piecewise linear or piecewise constant functions, such that an inf-sup condition is satisfied. Error estimates for the approximate solution are proved for all three variables and we show a relation between convergence rate and the opening angles at corners of the domain. As the control grows in general unboundedly near the concave corners for unconstrained problems, it becomes active and hence regular when control constraints are present. We show that in this case the convergence rates are higher than in the unbounded case. Numerical tests suggest that the estimates derived are optimal in the unconstrained case but too pessimistic in the control constrained case.
Crystal structure of N′-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide, C18H16N4O2
Authors: Karrouchi Khalid , Radi Smaail , Ansar M'hammed , Taoufik Jamal , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Mabkhot Yahia N. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C18H16N4O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.9734(4) Å, b = 11.8835(5) Å, c = 13.0996(5) Å, α = 78.581(2)°, β = 78.542(1)°, γ = 83.725(2)°, V = 1636.68(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0439, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1182, T = 100 K.
Building the Scholarly Base of a Field: Reflections on 8 Years of the Archival Education and Research Initiative (AERI)
Authors: Gilliland Anne J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Archival Education and Research Initiative (AERI) was begun in 2008 to stimulate the growth of a new generation of academics in archival education who are versed in contemporary issues and knowledgeable about their colleagues’ work. The initiative nurtures and promotes state-of-the-art scholarship in archival science broadly conceived, and encourages curricular and pedagogical innovation in archival education. This paper reflects on its genesis and activities over the past eight years and points to its future.
Preparation and characterization of pure and copper-doped PVC films
Authors: Sree K. Bhagya , Kumar Y. Madhava , Gopal N.O. , Ramu Ch. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Pure and Cu2+-doped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer films were prepared using the solution cast technique. Investigations were conducted using DSC, TGA, XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, SEM and EPR. Differential scanning calorimetry studies suggested that the Cu2+ samples have higher values of the glass transition (T
g) temperature, and thermo gravimetric studies show that weight loss of polymer film indicates the improved thermal stability of the polymer film. The features of the complexation of the polymer films were studied by X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectra exhibits the bands in three regions, which are attributed to C–Cl, C–C and numerous CH groups of stretching and bending vibrations. The absorption spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range 200–900 nm. The absorption edge, direct bandgap, indirect bandgap and urbach energy have been evaluated. Film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. XRD, DSC and SEM reveal the amorphous nature and surface morphology of polymer films, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies were used to calculate the number of spins and paramagnetic susceptibility as a function of dopant concentration, all the Cu2+-doped PVC samples exhibit signal with g values g
⊥=2.176 and g
||=2.254. The observed variation in the EPR signal intensity is due to variation in the dopant concentration.
Crystalline phase of inorganic montmorillonite/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites: influence of dispersion of nanolayers
Authors: Fu Chao , Wang Xuemei , Shi Xiang , Ran Xianghai 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Inorganic montmorillonite (MMT)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites were prepared by two methods: co-precipitation and solution casting. The effect of preparation methods and thermal treatment on crystalline phase was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry tests. The isothermal crystallization process was observed with polarized optical microscopy. It was found that the solution-casting method was more effective than the co-precipitation method in inducing the polar phase in the melt-isothermal crystallization process. The addition of inorganic MMT by the solution-casting method without further thermal treatment promoted the β-phase crystallization. The inorganic MMT significantly improved the γ phase of the solution-cast samples in the melt-recrystallization process. The degree of dispersion of inorganic MMT influenced the relative content of the polar phase and the crystallinity of the samples in the same crystallization conditions, i.e. the preparation method and the thermal treatment. The effect of dispersion on crystallization kinetics was also studied to verify the enhancement of finely dispersed nanolayer clusters on the γ phase.
Modern Management Challenges of Floating Housing Development
Authors: Miszewska-Urbańska Emilia 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of the article is to identify factors that determine the development and management models of floating housing development in the analyzed countries. The author indicates factors determining the possibility of settling on bodies of water in Poland, and restrictions connected with this type of development, as well as the need for specialized persons and companies ready to meet the challenges of the modern management of hydro-technical facilities, including floating housing development.
In Western Europe, living on water is gaining in popularity. People have begun to dwell on water because of rising land prices, congestion in cities and work related to the use of rivers for the transport of goods.
The popularity of housing on water in the Netherlands results from environmental conditions. About 60% of the Netherlands is below the sea level. For hundreds of years, the population of the Netherlands has been battling with the elements, while being exposed to continuously rising sea levels, which has been a consequence of the greenhouse effect. Environmental changes have caused a change in government policy, which began to support construction activity on water, adapted regulations and changed office holders.
In North America, especially in the United States, the identification of residents with their neighborhoods of houses on water is so high that it has resulted in the formation of communities uniting owners of residential watercrafts, who have succeeded in homes on water becoming recognized as real estate and, consequently, now have the same rights as residents of houses on land.
In Poland, housing estates on water are slowly gaining popularity but no factors determining the development of this type of settlement have been established. An analysis of the situation in Poland reveals many factors limiting the functional use of houses on water and a lack of specialists in the management of hydro-technical facilities. Therefore, on the basis of examples of countries in Western Europe and North America given in this article, the author tries to define the responsibilities of managers and an appropriate management model for housing estates on water in Poland, as well as indicate problems with the development of housing on water and their possible solutions.
Speculative Bubbles and their Components on the Real Estate Market–A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Brzezicka Justyna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Various speculative phenomena arise on the real estate market, and the speculative bubble (SB) is one of the best known events of the type. Speculative bubbles still have many unidentified components, and are characterized by high research potential due to the multiple factors responsible for bubble creation, as well as considerable practical implications on account of the multivariate results describing the real estate market (REM) and its surroundings.
Speculative price bubbles are associated mainly with changes in price trends on the real estate market. A thorough analysis of a speculative bubble over time demonstrates trend changes also in other research categories which constitute bubble components and elements of the real estate market and its surroundings. The above criteria were used to identify a new research category termed speculative bubble components (SBC).
The research hypothesis states that speculative bubbles should be analyzed based not only on prices, but also on bubble components. The objectives of this study were to: 1) classify speculative phenomena on the REM, 2) describe a speculative bubble based on market prices and SBC, and 3) present the results of a study evaluating speculative bubble components in relation to market prices, and discuss the trajectories of the analyzed research categories over time.
This study attempts to determine whether a speculative bubble can be analyzed in view of its components, and which elements of the real estate market and its surroundings can be classified as SBC. Attempts were also made to identify a research method that supports the identification of SBC variables and classification of variables into groups, and explains market prices in view of the identified variables and groups. The research relies on a review of literature in the theoretical part and statistical analyses in the experimental part. The results will broaden our knowledge of the mechanisms behind speculative phenomena on the real estate market.
The level of the shadow economy, tax evasion and corruption: The empirical evidence for SEE countries
Authors: Osmani Rufi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Economic theory and practice of developed countries have shown that the good functioning of market economies requires the existence of stable institutions that are effective in the application of legal rules as a precondition for the proper functioning of the economic and fiscal system.
In the process of building a market economy in Southeast European countries, along with the sector of legal economy there coexists a large sector of shadow economy, tax evasion and high levels of corruption.
Analyses made by many authors and relevant national and international institutions estimate that the amount of the shadow economy, tax evasion and corruption in the analyzed countries despite a declining trend in the last decade continues to be at the level of 25-50% compared with the legal sector of the economy.
The author aims through a comparative approach to analyze the level of the shadow economy, tax evasion and corruption in the economies of Southeast Europe and provides some recommendations for governments to overcome these negative phenomena.
The effects of crocin (active contstituent of saffron) treatment on brain antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels in diabetic rats / Diyabetik ratlarda safranın aktif içeriği olan krosin tedavisinin beyindeki antioksidan enzimlerin mRNA seviyeleri üzerine etkisi
Authors: Altınöz Eyüp , Ekici Cemal , Özyazgan Berna , Çiğremiş Yılmaz 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of crocin on mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and GPX in the brain of the STZ induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Thirty animals randomized in three groups containing ten animals in each group as follows; control (non-diabetic rats), DM (STZ-induced untreated diabetic rats), DM+crocin (STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with crocin,). Crocin was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg bw/day by gavage for 21 days.
Results: STZ injection caused a significant increase in mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and GPX when compared to control group. Crocin given to diabetic rats significantly decreased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and GPX when compared to DM group.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that crocin can modulate mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and GPX and oxidative stress in the brain of the STZ induced diabetic rats.
PSA request analysis: how should this be interpreted? What may be overlooked / PSA istem analizi: Nasıl yorumlanmalı? Gözden kaçanlar nelerdir?
Authors: Ayyıldız Sema Nur , Çırakoğlu Abdullah , Ayyıldız Ali , Benli Erdal 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Objective: Prostate specific antigen is widely used for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of prostate cancer. However, despite being organ-specific, PSA is not specific to cancer. As some patients with elevated PSA level have normal biopsy results and some others with low PSA levels have cancer diagnosed in biopsy examination, PSA creates diagnostic uncertainty both for clinicians and patients. Moreover, different PSA results received for the same subject at separate time points as well as smalllarge fluctuations in PSA levels perturb both sides. In a setting where there are so many unknowns we have PSA in our hands without any restrictions for ordering it. This study analyzed PSA orders, patient traffic, and economic burden within a 6-year period.
Methods: The number of PSA tests and patient outcomes at a training and research hospital between October 2006 and May 2013 were evaluated.
Results: Of 12107 tPSA orders, 73.6% were ordered by the urology clinic and 26.4% orders were made from other outpatient clinics. When patients at follow-up for prostate cancer are excluded because their tPSAs have to be more commonly checked, we detected that 28.22% of tests were ordered at intervals of less than 1 year. The average tPSA testing frequency was 91.84±1.21 days (0-330). The number of patients younger than 40 years who were tested for tPSA was 287. Of these, 25.43% were ordered by the urology clinic and the remaining by other medical branches.
Conclusion: A state of chaos surrounds PSA order and interpretation. Neither patients nor physicians are aware of PSA-related outcomes. Therefore, each hospital should hold sessions on PSA testing and inform physicians about them. Furthermore, a detailed public education should be provided and seminars should be organized at the national level.