bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemically Induced Approaches to the Syntheses of β‐Lactams
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Gupta Nikita , Gupta Ajit Kumar , Das Vijay Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of β‐lactam scaffolds is of paramount importance due to their extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, particularly as antibiotics. Visible light photocatalysis has emerged as a revolutionary approach in this domain, providing a sustainable and efficient pathway for β‐lactam construction. In this review, we meticulously discuss the recent developments in the synthesis of photocatalysed β‐lactam frameworks. A key focus is the Staudinger reaction, traditionally a cornerstone in β‐lactam synthesis, and its adaptation to visible light photocatalysis. We explore the mechanistic intricacies of the Staudinger reaction under photochemical conditions, along with other pivotal cyclization strategies enabled by visible light. By illuminating the novel photocatalytic routes to β‐lactams, this review provides a thorough understanding of the state‐of‐the‐art techniques and sets the stage for future innovations in the green synthesis of these critical compounds.
A Versatile Method to Create Antibody/Split‐Enzyme Complexes and Its Application to a Rapid, Homogeneous, and Universal Electrochemical Immunosensing System
Authors: Tobita Yuka , Hirano Kensuke , Miura Daimei , Hatano Yuma , Tsugawa Wakako , Ikebukuro Kazunori , Sode Koji , Asano Ryutaro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, a versatile method is developed to create an antibody/split‐enzyme complex for use in electrochemical immunosensors. SpyCatchers are genetically fused at each terminus of flavin adenine dinucleotide‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD‐GDH) and a protease recognition sequence is inserted into a loop region to prepare a soluble protein and the split GDH. SpyTag‐fused single‐chain variable fragments (scFvs) are employed, which leads to the simple preparation of antibody‐split enzyme complexes (split AECs). The addition of pentameric C‐reactive protein (CRP), as a representative multimeric protein, restored the GDH activity of the split AECs, as the two split AEC fragments formed active GDH when in close proximity. CRP in human serum is electrochemically detected within 5 min without any washing steps with a clinically relevant CRP detection range (0.03–1 mg dL−1). The detection system is expanded to detect hemoglobin, SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, and inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 by exchanging the scFvs. These results show that the convenient preparation method of the split GDH and the split AEC by the insertion of the protease recognition sequence and the use of SpyCatcher/SpyTag can realize a rapid, homogeneous, and universal electrochemical detection system that can be integrated into a commercially available electrochemical glucose sensor.
Electric Field Driven of Tourmaline/g‐C3N4 Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance and High‐Efficient Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Sun Xiaohan , Zhu Jinliang , Yu Qianqian , Zhou Jiazuo , Wang Fangmiao , Jiang Zishuai , Liu Yifan , Yu Yuan , Li Yingxin , Yang Haiyue , Li Yudong , Wang Chengyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysis technology of g‐C3N4 is of great value in wastewater treatment, thus calling for developing a concise and high‐efficiency method to improve its photocatalytic efficiency. Here, a novel photocatalyst consisting of tourmaline particles (TPs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is prepared by a step calcining method with enhanced photocatalytic performance. The self‐polarized electric field of TPs attracts the photogenerated electrons generated by the catalyst and delays the recombination rate of electron‐hole pairs, for which reason the prepared photocatalyst exhibits a wider spectral response and stronger photocatalytic activity. The mechanism analysis exhibits that the reactive substances including h+, ·OH, 1O2, and ·O2− generated by TPs/g‐C3N4 effectively eliminate the contaminant during photocatalysis. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) of g‐C3N4‐0.5% TPs is increased from 88.47% to 97.76% after 30 min illumination compared with pure g‐C3N4. Furthermore, to facilitate catalyst recycling and reuse, a photocatalytic lignocellulose membrane is prepared. After five cycles, the degradation efficiency of the membrane decreases from 97.89% to 95.54%, still maintaining 97.60%. This study has constructed an innovative tourmaline/g‐C3N4 photocatalyst and recyclable photocatalytic lignocellulose membrane with enhanced pollutant degradation properties by introducing naturally polarized minerals, providing a new approach for efficient water treatment.
Controlled Drug Release Systems for Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Martín‐Morales Celia , Caspani Sofia , Desco Manuel , Tavares de Sousa Célia , Gómez‐Gaviro María Victoria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review offers a comprehensive exploration of optimized drug delivery systems tailored for controlled release and their crucial role in addressing cerebrovascular diseases. Through an in‐depth analysis, various controlled release methods, including nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, and other emerging technologies are examined. Highlighting the importance of precise drug targeting, it is delved into the underlying mechanisms of these delivery systems and their potential to improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, the specific applications of these optimized drug delivery systems in treating cerebrovascular disorders such as ischemic stroke, cerebral aneurysms, and intracranial hemorrhage are discussed. By shedding light on the advancements in drug delivery techniques and their implications in cerebrovascular medicine, this review offers valuable insights into the future of therapeutic interventions in neurology.
Whole‐Tumor Clearing and Imaging of Intratumor Microbiota in Three Dimensions with miCDaL Strategy
Authors: Wang Yuezhou , Jiang Zile , Zhang Kai , Tang Huimin , Wang Guimei , Gao Jinshan , He Guanghui , Liang Baoyue , Li Li , Yang Chaoyong , Deng Xianming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcquiring detailed spatial information about intratumor microbiota in situ is challenging, which leaves 3D distributions of microbiota within entire tumors largely unexplored. Here, a modified iDISCO‐CUBIC tissue clearing and D‐amino acid microbiome labeling‐based (miCDaL) strategy are proposed, that integrates microbiota in situ labeling, tissue clearing, and whole‐mount tissue imaging to enable 3D visualization of indigenous intratumor microbiota. Leveraging whole‐mount spatial resolution and centimeter‐scale imaging depth, the 3D biogeography of microbiota is successfully charted across various tumors at different developmental stages, providing quantitative spatial insights in relation to host tumors. By incorporating an immunostaining protocol, 3D imaging of the immunologic microenvironment is achieved in both murine and human mammary tumors that is previously assumed to be bacteria‐free. Notably, immune infiltrates, including T cells and NK cells, and tertiary lymphoid structures are conspicuously absent in bacteria‐colonized regions. This 3D imaging strategy for mapping Indigenous intratumor microbiota offers valuable insights into host–microbiota interactions.
Human Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells Promote Colonic Recovery in Experimental Colitis via Exosomal MiR‐23a–TNFR1–NF‐κB Signaling
Authors: Kou Yaohui , Li Jinying , Zhu Yingyi , Liu Jia , Ren Ruizhe , Jiang Yuanqing , Wang Yunyun , Qiu Chen , Zhou Jiayi , Yang Zhuoheng , Jiang Tuoying , Huang Jianan , Ren Xiangyi , Li Shiguang , Qiu Cong , Wei Xiyang , Yu Luyang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, manifests as chronic intestinal inflammation with debilitating symptoms, posing a significant burden on global healthcare. Moreover, current therapies primarily targeting inflammation can lead to immunosuppression‐related complications. Human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs), which exhibit low immunogenicity and ethical acceptability, have gained attention as potential therapeutics. In this study, it is demonstrated that their encapsulation in a hydrogel and administration via anal injection enhanced the colonic mucosal barrier repair in a murine colitis model induced by dextran sodium sulfate during the recovery phase. The underlying mechanism involved the release of exosomes from hAESCs enriched with microRNA‐23a‐3p, which post‐transcriptionally reduced tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 expression, suppressing the nuclear factor‐κB pathway in colonic epithelial cells, thus played a key role in inflammation. The novel approach shows potential for IBD treatment by restoring intestinal epithelial homeostasis without the immunosuppressive therapy‐associated risks. Furthermore, the approach provides an alternative strategy to target the key molecular pathways involved in inflammation and promotes intestinal barrier function using hAESCs and their secreted exosomes. Overall, this study provides key insights to effectively treat IBD, addresses the unmet needs of patients, and reduces related healthcare burden.
Photovoltaic Charge Lithography on Passive Dielectric Substrates Using Fe:LiNbO3 Stamps
Authors: Sebastián‐Vicente Carlos , Zamboni Riccardo , García‐Cabañes Angel , Carrascosa Mercedes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotovoltaic Fe:LiNbO3 is an outstanding material platform able to photo‐generate versatile charge patterns, useful for a broad variety of applications. However, in some cases, its photorefractive effect, light absorption, and active ferroelectric properties may interfere with the optimum operation of certain devices based on Fe:LiNbO3. Here, a novel optoelectronic method is proposed and demonstrated to transfer photovoltaic charge patterns from Fe:LiNbO3 to non‐photovoltaic passive substrates, thus removing these possible limitations. The method, denominated as photovoltaic charge lithography (PVCL), resembles the operation of a stamp and does not require external high‐voltage supplies or electron/ion beams. Upon contact between the active Fe:LiNbO3 stamp and a passive dielectric substrate, the light‐induced charge pattern can be faithfully mirrored on the passive substrate. The imprinted pattern is probed and characterized by dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic particle trapping. The results reveal that the charge builds up on the passive substrate during contact, allowing charge tunability. Moreover, arbitrary charge distributions can be flexibly tailored, using scanning laser beams or spatially structured light. Overall, PVCL opens the possibility of printing complex 1D/2D charge patterns of controlled polarity on different passive dielectric materials, enhancing the technological potential of Fe:LiNbO3 photovoltaic platforms.
Printing High‐Quality Formanidinum Lead Triiodide Films: Understanding the Critical Role of α‐Phase Nucleation Before Thermal Annealing
Authors: Qiu Shudi , Dong Lirong , Jang Dongju , Yang Fu , Cerrillo José Garcia , Li Chaohui , Xie Zhiqiang , Luo Junsheng , Guo Fei , Distler Andreas , Du Tian , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUpscaling the coating of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) thin film is essential to realizing full printing and thereby roll‐to‐roll production of perovskite photovoltaics. However, thin‐film FAPbI3 processed from antisolvent‐free, printing methods suffer from undesirable degradation to the non‐photoactive phase, particularly in ambient processing conditions. Here, the most critical stage in thin‐film processing is identified as the gas‐quenching treatment of the as‐cast wet film. It is crucial to achieve both the nucleation of α‐phase nanocrystals and their sufficient growth at room temperature, which are indispensable for templating the growth of a highly crystalline and stable α‐FAPbI3 film during subsequent thermal annealing. The gas‐quenching‐treated film without these α‐phase nanocrystals can only be converted to meta‐stable α‐FAPbI3 by thermal annealing. By precisely identifying the spontaneous doping of cesium ion (Cs+) as a key factor in triggering α‐FAPbI3 nucleation and the role of chloride ion (Cl−) in enhancing nanocrystal growth, a generalized mechanism for additive engineering for the precursor ink is theorized. The identified mechanism translates to a power conversion efficiency of 19.36% for fully printed carbon‐electrode solar cells, 16.23% for carbon‐electrode minimodules, and excellent operational stability, showing the promising potential of this proposed fabrication route in the upscaling of perovskite photovoltaics.
Lower Socioeconomic Status Predicts Increased Proinflammatory Signaling in Late Pregnancy: Evidence From a Filipino Cohort
Authors: Ragsdale Haley B. , Butler Margaret S. , Koning Stephanie M. , Bas Isabelita N. , McDade Thomas W. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesMaternal socioeconomic status (SES) is an important predictor of adverse birth outcomes and postnatal health across global populations. Chronic inflammation is implicated in cardiometabolic disease risk in high‐income contexts and is a potential pathway linking maternal adversity to offspring health trajectories. To clarify how socioeconomic inequality shapes pregnancy inflammation in middle‐income settings, we investigated SES as a predictor of inflammatory cytokines in late gestation in a sample from the Cebu Longitudinal Health Nutrition Survey in Cebu, Philippines.MethodsWe used multiple regression to evaluate maternal SES, reflected in household assets, as a predictor of general inflammation (C‐reactive protein), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10), and inflammatory balance (n = 407). Inflammatory markers were measured at 29.9 weeks gestation in dried blood spots, and a measure reflecting relative balance of IL6 and IL10 was calculated to capture pro‐ versus anti‐inflammatory skewed immune profiles.ResultsGreater household assets significantly predicted lower IL6 concentration (p <  0.001), with a trend toward lower IL6 relative to IL10 (p = 0.084). C‐reactive protein and IL10 were not individually related to SES.ConclusionsThe inverse relationship between SES and pregnancy inflammation in Cebu is consistent with results from high‐income settings. These findings further highlight the influence of socioeconomic conditions on immune regulation during pregnancy. Given the evidence that gestational inflammation impacts offspring fetal growth, our results suggest that social and economic effects on immune function may be an important pathway for the intergenerational transmission of health disparities.
Mn(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Allylation of Indoles with 2‐Vinylaziridines
Authors: Zeng Hong , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMn(CO)5Br‐catalyzed reaction of 1‐(2‐pyrimidyl)indoles with 1‐sulfonyl‐2‐vinylaziridines in THF in the presence of 0.25 equiv. of NaOAc affords 2‐allylated indoles in 31 % to 100 % yields. The protocol suits for 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐substituted indoles and N‐(2‐pyrimidyl)pyrroles as well as various 1‐(arylsulfonyl)‐2‐vinylaziridines such as 1‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐2‐vinylaziridine, 1‐(naphthalen‐2‐ylsulfon‐yl)‐2‐vinylaziridine, and 1‐(substituted phenylsulfonyl)‐2‐vinylazirid‐ines. Functional groups including alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, CHO, COOMe, CF3, CN, and NO2 groups are tolerated.
Effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on asthma control in patients with comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma: A national database study
Authors: Kabongo Mbuyi Madeleine , Levy Joshua M. , Roland Lauren T. 
Published: October 2024

Key points
In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and comorbid asthma, patients with surgical intervention required less asthma rescue medication, as compared to those who did not undergo surgery.
Following sinus surgery, patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma required more asthma medication, as compared to the time period prior to surgery.
Animal models in neuroscience with alternative approaches: Evolutionary, biomedical, and ethical perspectives
Authors: Neziri Sabina , Köseoğlu Ahmet Efe , Deniz Köseoğlu Gülsüm , Özgültekin Buminhan , Özgentürk Nehir Özdemir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnimal models have been a crucial tool in neuroscience research for decades, providing insights into the biomedical and evolutionary mechanisms of the nervous system, disease, and behavior. However, their use has raised concerns on several ethical, clinical, and scientific considerations. The welfare of animals and the 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) are the focus of the ethical concerns, targeting the importance of reducing the stress and suffering of these models. Several laws and guidelines are applied and developed to protect animal rights during experimenting. Concurrently, in the clinic and biomedical fields, discussions on the relevance of animal model findings on human organisms have increased. Latest data suggest that in a considerable amount of time the animal model results are not translatable in humans, costing time and money. Alternative methods, such as in vitro (cell culture, microscopy, organoids, and micro physiological systems) techniques and in silico (computational) modeling, have emerged as potential replacements for animal models, providing more accurate data in a minimized cost. By adopting alternative methods and promoting ethical considerations in research practices, we can achieve the 3R goals while upholding our responsibility to both humans and other animals. Our goal is to present a thorough review of animal models used in neuroscience from the biomedical, evolutionary, and ethical perspectives. The novelty of this research lies in integrating diverse points of views to provide an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of animal models in neuroscience and in discussing potential alternative methods.
Stabilizing and Guiding Rogue Waves in a Cold Atomic Gas
Authors: Hang Chao , Huang Guoxiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRogue waves (RWs) are mysterious nonlinear waves and have attracted much attention in recent years. However, they are usually unstable during propagation. Here, a scheme for stabilizing and guiding optical RWs in a cold atomic gas working under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency is presented. It is shown that an external potential for probe laser field can be created by using an assisting laser field. If the assisting laser field has the form of Gaussian beam, the instability of the RWs can be largely suppressed. It is also shown that the RWs can be stabilized and guided to propagate along curved trajectories if the assisting laser field has the form of Airy beam. The results reported here contribute to the effort for stabilizing and manipulating RWs, which may have potential applications in optical transmission and information processing.
Ein ortsspezifischer Click‐Chemie‐Ansatz zur Diubiquitylierung von H1‐Varianten zeigt eine positionsabhängige Stimulation des DNA‐Reparaturproteins RNF168
Authors: Franz Pauline , Delvaux de Fenffe Charlotte M. , Fierz Beat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDie Ubiquitylierung von Histon H2A an den Lysinen 13 und 15 (H2AK13/15) durch die E3 Ligase RNF168 spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Organisation der Reparatur von DNA‐Doppelstrangbrüchen (DSB), deren Regulation bei Krebs häufig gestört ist. Die Aktivität von RNF168 wird durch Signalkaskaden ausgelöst, und frühere Untersuchungen haben die K63‐verknüpfte Polyubiquitylierung des Linkerhistons H1 als möglichen Ankerpunktidentifiziert. Direkte experimentelle Beweise für diesen Mechanismus sind jedoch schwer zu erbringen, was vor allem daran liegt, dass es keine Methoden gibt, um H1 spezifisch zu polyubiquitylieren. Hier haben wir einen Click‐Chemie‐Ansatz entwickelt, um mehrere Proteine ortsspezifisch, kontrolliert und schrittweise kovalent zu verknüpfen. Mittels dieser Methode synthetisierten wir H1‐Varianten und installierten daran triazol‐verknüpftes Diubiquitin. Die gewählten Positionen entsprachen vier Ubiquitylierungs‐Hotspots (H1KxUb2, an K17, 46, 64 und 96), welche mit der DNA‐Reparatur‐assoziiert sind. In Nukleosomenarrays stimulierten die H1KxUb2 Varianten die Ubiquitylierung von H2A durch RNF168, wobei H1K17Ub2 den stärksten RNF168‐Aktivierungseffekt zeigte. Durch die Einführung von H1K17Ub2 in lebende U‐2 OS‐Zellen können wir zudem zeigen, dass die Bindung an Diubiquitin die treibende Kraft für die Rekrutierung von RNF168 zu den Chromatinfasern darstellt. Insgesamt stützen unsere Ergebnisse die Hypothese, dass polyubiquityliertes H1 die Rekrutierung von RNF168 an DSB steuert. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, wie die effiziente Synthese von H1KxUb2‐Varianten mechanistische Studien zur Regulierung von RNF168 ermöglicht, mit potenziellen Anwendungen für die Entwicklung von Inhibitoren dieses Enzyms bei bestimmten Krebsarten.
Photochemically Triggered and Autonomous Oscillatory pH‐Modulated Transient Assembly/Disassembly of DNA Microdroplet Coacervates
Authors: Qin Yunlong , Sohn Yang Sung , Li Xiang , Nechushtai Rachel , Zhang Junji , Tian He , Willner Itamar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe assembly of pH‐responsive DNA‐based, phase‐separated microdroplets (MDs) coacervates, consisting of frameworks composed of Y‐shaped nucleic acid modules crosslinked by pH‐responsive strands, is introduced. The phase‐separated MDs reveal dynamic pH‐stimulated switchable or oscillatory transient depletion and reformation. In one system, a photoisomerizable merocyanine/spiropyran photoacid is used for the light‐induced pH switchable modulation of the reaction medium between the values pH=6.0–4.4. The dynamic transient photochemically‐induced switchable depletion/reformation of phase‐separated MDs, follows the rhythm of pH changes in solution. In a second system, the Landolt oscillatory reaction mixture pH 7.5→4.2→7.5 is applied to stimulate the oscillatory depletion/reformation of the MDs. The autonomous dynamic oscillation of the assembly/disassembly of the MDs follows the oscillating pH rhythm of the reaction medium.
Meso/Microporous Single‐Atom Catalysts Featuring Curved Fe−N4 Sites Boost the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
Authors: Yu Ying , Wang Yian , Yang Fei , Feng Dong , Yang Mingyang , Xie Peng‐Fei , Zhu Yuanzhi , Shao Minhua , Mei Yi , Li Jin‐Cheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZeolitic‐imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are among the most efficient precursors for the synthesis of atomically dispersed Fe−N/C materials, which are promising catalysts for enhancing the performance of Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) and proton exchange fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, existing ZIF‐derived Fe−N/C electrocatalysts mostly consist of microporous materials, leading to insufficient mass transport and inadequate battery/cell performance. In this study, we synthesize an atomically dispersed meso/microporous Fe−N/C material with curved Fe−N4 active sites, denoted as FeSA−N/TC, through the pyrolysis of hemin‐modified ZIF films on ZnO nanorods, obtained from the self‐assembly reaction between Zn2+ from ZnO hydrolysis and 2‐methylimidazole. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the curved Fe−N4 active sites can weaken the intermediate adsorptions, resulting in lower free energy barriers and enhanced performance during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Specifically, FeSA−N/TC exhibits exceptional ORR performance with half‐wave potentials of 0.925 V in alkaline media and 0.825 V in acidic media. When used as the cathodic catalyst in PEMFCs and ZABs, FeSA−N/TC achieves high peak power densities (H2−O2 PEMFC: 1100 mW cm−2; H2−Air PEMFC: 715 mW cm−2; liquid‐state ZAB: 228 mW cm−2; solid‐state ZAB: 112 mW cm−2), demonstrating its feasibility and efficiency in practical applications.