bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave assisted synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea
Authors: Zhang Lujun , Zhang Zhaofu , Wu Congyi , Qian Qingli , Ma Jun , Jiang Long , Han Buxing 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The transformation of glycerol into value-added chemicals is an interesting topic in Green Chemistry. The glycerolysis of urea into glycerol carbonate is an important route of glycerol transformation. In this work, the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea was performed under microwave irradiation and solvent free conditions. The catalytic properties of ZnSO4, ZnCl2, CuSO4 and MgSO4 were tested and ZnSO4 showed the best performance. The effects of catalyst amount, temperature, reaction time, microwave power, molar ratio of urea to glycerol on the reaction were studied using ZnSO4 as the catalyst. It was demonstrated that microwave irradiation could promote the reaction effectively, and the yield of desired product glycerol carbonate could reach 93.7%.
Experimental methods for the determination of stress changes at
electrified solid-liquid interfaces
Authors: Láng Gyözö G. , Kovács Noémi , Vesztergom Soma , Ujvári Mária , Zalka Dóra , Szekeres Krisztina 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In the present study some of the methods developed for the
experimental determination of (interfacial or film) stress changes in
electrochemical systems containing solid-liquid interfaces are briefly
reviewed, as well as the kind and quality of information that can be
obtained using these methods are discussed. The “bending beam”
(“bending cantilever”, “laser beam deflection”, “wafer
curvature”) method and related techniques, the piezoelectric method,
the extensometer method, and the method based on the measurement of
contact angle are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid
to problems related to the use of optical methods for position
sensing.
Isostructural crystal hydrates of rare-earth metal oxalates at high pressure: from strain anisotropy to dehydration
Authors: Zakharov Boris A. , Gribov Pavel A. , Matvienko Alexander A. , Boldyreva Elena V. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The crystal structures of a series of isostructural rare-earth metal oxalates, (REE)2(C2O4)3·10H2O (REE=Sm, Y) and a 1:1 YSm(C2O4)3·10H2O solid solution, have been studied in situ by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. The structures were followed from ambient pressure to 6 GPa in a DAC with paraffin as the hydrostatic fluid. Bulk compressibilities, anisotropic lattice strain on hydrostatic compression and the corresponding changes in the atomic coordinates were followed. Discontinuities/sharp changes in the slopes of the pressure dependences of volume and selected cell parameters have been observed for yttrium-containing salts at ~3.5 GPa. This may be related to the re-distribution of water molecules within the crystal structure. Y2(C2O4)3·10H2O undergoes a partial dehydration at 1 GPa, forming monoclinic Y2(C2O4)3·6H2O as single-crystalline inclusions in the original phase.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of an azido-bridged Mn(II) complex [C3H5NH3][Mn(N3)3]
Authors: Qian Kun , Xu Yiyong , Wang Zengtao , Yang Jie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A new compound [C3H5NH3][Mn(N3)3] has been synthesized, in which the Mn2+ ions are connected by the end-to-end azide anions to form the 3D architecture, while the C3H5NH3
+ cations reside in the cavities of the Mn2+–N3
− network, forming rich N−H···N hydrogen bonds with the terminal N atoms of the azide anions. The complex has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and magnetic measurements. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate antiferromagnetic interaction among the MnII ions.
A Method of Decision Analysis Quantifying the Effects of Age and Comorbidities on the Probability of Deriving Significant Benefit from Medical Treatments
Authors: Fitzgerald Stephen P. , Bean Nigel G. , Ruberu Ravi P. 
Published: May 2017

Background The external validity, or generalizability, of trials and guidelines has been considered poor in the context of multiple morbidity. How multiple morbidity might affect the magnitude of benefit of a given treatment, and thereby external validity, has had little study. Objective To provide a method of decision analysis to quantify the effects of age and comorbidity on the probability of deriving a given magnitude of treatment benefit. Design We developed a method to calculate probabilistically the effect of all of a patient's comorbidities on their underlying utility, or well-being, at a future time point. From this, we derived a distribution of possible magnitudes of treatment benefit at that future time point. We then expressed this distribution as the probability of deriving at least a given magnitude of treatment benefit. To demonstrate the applicability of this method of decision analysis, we applied it to the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in a geriatric population of 50 individuals. We highlighted the results of four of these individuals. Results This method of analysis provided individualized quantifications of the effect of age and comorbidity on the probability of treatment benefit. The average probability of deriving a benefit, of at least 50% of the magnitude of benefit available to an individual without comorbidity, was only 0.8%. Conclusion The effects of age and comorbidity on the probability of deriving significant treatment benefits can be quantified for any individual. Even without consideration of other factors affecting external validity, these effects may be sufficient to guide decision-making.
A ressignificação da figura do especulador-investidor e as práticas de educação financeira
Authors: Leite Elaine Da Silveira 
Published: May 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma leitura de autores da socioeconomia que explicam como práticas econômicas condenadas em certas épocas foram ressignificadas e ganharam legitimidade social. Partindo da figura do especulador ganancioso, chegase à atual imagem do investidor “racional”, que proclama as benesses do mundo das finanças e fortalece os programas e projetos de educação financeira. Deste modo, buscamos fornecer subsídios para elucidar o campo de formação de investidores e da educação financeira, que se constitui como um trunfo social compartilhado pelos diversos agentes e grupos produtores do mundo das finanças no Brasil.
Taidelähtöiset menetelmät työyhteisön kehittämisessä. Projektitoiminta uudenlaisen työn peilinä
Authors: Rantala Pälvi , Heimonen Kirsi , Rönkä Anu-Liisa 
Published: May 2017

The aim of this paper is to analyze and identify the possibilities of art-based action in a project organization. The writers of the article use the project they were involved in as an example; in that long-term project the focus was on the question of art-based methods and their influence in working life. The research showed that art-oriented activities can make different organizational cultures more visible and open to further discussion and working life development. The conflicts, that origin from the diverging concepts toward work, art, collaboration, and management, were dealt through art. As an analytical method, for example an expressive evaluation model has been used. Through that model it was found that artistic action can help to reach the so called interpretative layer, which is hard to reach only with traditional development methods. In future the organizational structures become lose and experts gather together through common interests in projects, and to perceive the interpretative layer in the working community helps to open up the otherness of the colleague, and also to one’s own preconceptions.
Experimental study on performance of sand filter layer to remove non-point source pollutants in rainwater
Authors: Ahn Jaeyoon , Lee Dongseop , Han Shinin , Jung Youngwook , Park Sangwoo , Choi Hangseok 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Clogging characteristics of conventional sand filter layers with different grain-size distributions were experimentally studied to estimate their filtration capacity to capture non-point source pollutants in an artificial rainwater reservoir. A series of laboratory-scale chamber tests was conducted for artificial urban runoff synthesized with non-point source pollutants collected from a real road in Seoul, Korea. In addition, an analytical filtration model for estimating removal of non-point source pollutants was adopted considering the clogging characteristics. To evaluate the performance of three types of sand filter layers with different grain size characteristics, the pollutant concentration was measured in terms of total suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand. The lumped parameter (θ) related to the clogging property was estimated by comparing the accumulated weight of pollutant particles obtained from the laboratory chamber experiments and the theoretical estimation from the analytical filtration model. Based on the experimental study and theoretical consideration, a double-sand-filter layer consisting of two separate layers is proposed as the optimum system for removing non-point source pollutants in the pilot-scale rainwater reservoir.
DFT-based controller for sag and harmonic mitigation with a series-connected compensator
Authors: Javier Roldan-P ´ erez  , Juan Luis Zamora-Macho  , Aurelio García-Cerrada  
Published: May 2017

Voltage-quality problems in power distributionnetworks include harmonics, voltage sags and swells andunbalances. These problems may seriously affect sensitiveindustrial loads causing production interruption or equipmentdamage. Now-a-days series voltage compensation using powerelectronics devices is a promising solution for these problemsand the design, control and application of this type of deviceshave drawn much attention in the literature. In fact, compre-hensive controllers for power electronics series compensatorhave already been proposed in the literature to tackle all thoseproblems simultaneously. For example, repetitive controllersshow very promising performance although several aspectsstill need closer attention. This paper proposes a differenttype of controller based on a Discrete Fourier Transform tominimise voltage harmonic pollution using power electronicsseries devices. The design process of this type of controlleris straightforward regardless of the number of harmonics tobe tackled. In addition, the proposed controller uses a slowsampling rate and its computational effort is relatively low. Themain contributions of this paper are illustrated by simulation.
Operating conditions on the performances of SOFC fuelled with methane
Authors: A. Musa  , A. Agina  , M. Talbi  
Published: May 2017

Both high temperature (HT) and intermediate temperature (IT) SOFC performances are evaluated using validated models for the internally reformed (IR) fuel cells. Moreover, several SOFC cycles are proposed and investigated. A parametric study is performed to evaluate the effect of various parameters such as turbine inlet temperature, operating pressure, and fuel recirculation rate on the system performance. The HT-SOFC and the IT-SOFC cycles are simulated in order to evaluate and compare their performances. The simulation results show that the electrical outputs from the SOFC and gas turbine are increased simultaneously by increasing the turbine inlet temperature. Furthermore, the efficiency for the IT-SOFC cycle is found be the higher than the efficiency for the HT-SOFC cycle.
A Matrix converter-interfaced PM Generator System with Active Filtering Capabilities
Authors: N. Holtsmark  , M. Molinas  
Published: May 2017

In this paper is presented a matrix converter- interfaced Permanent Magnet (PM) generator system which can provide shunt active filtering in addition to converting and transferring energy. The modulation technique is the simple and well-known indirect space vector modulation. The filtering current injected by the matrix converter and the input filter capacitor voltage are controlled by cascaded proportional control loops. Results showing that the matrix converter successfully provides active power filtering are given. Simulations also indicate that the filtering capability of the system depends on the generator side power factor. An explanation to this effect is given.
Gossip Sensor Networks for Power Quality Monitoring in Smart Grids
Authors: S. L. Ullo  , A. Vaccaro  
Published: May 2017

This paper intends to give a contribution towardthe definition of a fully decentralized power quality moni-toring architecture by proposing the employment of Gossipsensor networks. According to this paradigm each node canassess both the performances of the monitored site, computedby acquiring local information, and the global performancesof the monitored grid section, computed by local exchangesof information with its neighbors nodes. Moreover, thanks tothis feature each node could automatically detect local powerquality anomalies. System operators can assess the systempower quality index for each grid section by inquiring anynode of the corresponding sensor network without the needof a fusion center acquiring and processing all node acquisi-tions. This makes the overall monitoring architecture highlyscalable, self-organizing and distributed.
Complete methodology on generating realistic wind speed profiles based on measurements
Authors: C. Gavriluta  , S. Spataru  , I. Mosincat  , C. Citro  , I. Candela  , P. Rodriguez  
Published: May 2017

The wind speed represents the main exogenous signal applied to a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and determines its behavior. The erratic variation of the wind speed, highly dependent on the given site and on the atmospheric conditions, makes the wind speed quite difficult to model. Moreover, wind modelling for medium and large time scales is poorly treated in the present literature. This paper presents methods for generating realistic wind speed profiles based on real measurements. The wind speed profile is divided in a low-frequency component (describing long term variations) and a turbulence component (corresponding to fast, high frequency variations). For modelling the low frequency component two methods are implemented and compared: one based on the Van der Hoven spectrum and one based on auto regressive models. The importance of the turbulence component is also analyzed and modelling methods based on white noise filtering are presented.
Simulink Based Model of PV Plant
Authors: Silvano Vergura  
Published: May 2017

The paper proposes the Simulink based model of a grid-connected PV plant. The model considers standard monocrystalline PV modules, even if any typology of sylicon based PV module can be used, because the values of the technical specifications can be easily modfied by the user by means of masks. The proposed model considers a multi-inverter PV plant with local MPPT, implementing the Perturbe and Observe strategy. Moreover, also the models of the interface protection device, of the coupling capacitor and of the L-filter have been implemented, allowing to modify the characteristic values. Several simulation results are presented in this paper and they agree with the expected values.
A reactor for rapid water disinfection in rural areas and post disaster situations
Authors: S. Ali Shah  , R. Saunders  
Published: May 2017

Solar Disinfection (SODIS) is the method usually applied internationally to purifying water in rural areas when pipe borne water is not available. Using Poly Ethylene Terephtalate (PET) bottles the process takes 4 hours under the environmental conditions of Trinidad and Tobago. We have built and tested a portable reactor for decontamination on a larger scale than that possible with bottles. The active surface of this reactor is a coating of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on frosted glass or on a flexible plastic surface coated with glass ballotini of average diameter 0.5 mm. The plastic surface is more suitable for use in rural areas and post disasters situations. In each case Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (35nm) were deposited by a sedimentation process. E. coli contaminated water placed in the reservoir of the reactor was pumped over the active surface at a rate of 48 L/hr while it was exposed to sunlight. E. coli degradation was rapid for the both surfaces, total elimination taking place within 10 to 30 minutes depending on the solar conditions. The photo-catalytic effect of titanium dioxide in the presence of ultraviolet light is the main contributor to the observed decrease in bacterial concentration. Titanium dioxide absorbs ultraviolet light from short wavelengths up to 385nm and is known to be effective in solar detoxification.
Design Features and Performance Data of a New 400 kWel Biomass Gasification Power Plant of Downdraft Type
Authors: A. Accornero  , A. Nilberto  , F. Pittaluga  
Published: May 2017

A new biomass-gasification power plant, of medium-size downdraft type, is presented and discussed in its design features and performance characteristics. Its configuration and overall dimensions, initially conceived for 800 kWel, were recently re-tuned, from a functional point of view and on the base of a parallel theoretical analysis, by decreasing to about 400 kWel the former design power level. This provision, jointly with the basic design choice of adopting a long and amply dimensioned inlet-biomass thermal pretreatment section, turned out quite effective in achieving high gasification temperatures and a low-tar content in the produced gas at fuel-to-air ratios well below the usually imposed, to the advantage of the heat value of the product-gas gas. The paper discusses the numerical analysis results which helped to properly adjust the operational parameters of the gasifier and then presents the experimental performance data of the overall power plant including biomass consumption, gasification temperatures, gas production, composition and pollutants content, cold-gas conversion efficiency and global electric efficiency. Special care is devoted to investigating the issue of a significant production of carbon-containing particulate matter in the product gas, which turns out made up of char and fixed carbon much more than of tar species.
A Gasification System for the Disposal of Industrial Waste and Energy Generation: Experimentation and Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: A. Gimelli  , A.Luongo  , A.Amoresano  
Published: May 2017

The present paper shows the thermodynamic analysis of a gasification system (Fig. 1), which is currently used for the recovery of metals from contaminated substances of organic origin (waste of mechanical process, rolling, cold-drawn, tins, multi-coupled materials, tetra, etc. .), and that, in this paper, is extended to the energy recovery and disposal of Paper Industry Waste. The interest in pyrolysis and gasification is justified because these processes go over the traditional combustion systems of biomass and waste. In this system the inert ambient is supported by the smoke coming from the combustion of natural gas and it is possible to schematize it into a line of heat treatment and in a flue gas cleaning occurring after the combustion. Using the results of different experimental tests a thermodynamic and thermo-chemical analysis is carried out. Starting from the energy and mass balances on the entire system and on the each component, the balance of the gasification reactions is verified.
Kompetenzentwicklung in der Produktentwicklung
Authors: Stöckert Henryk , Debitz Uwe , Kind Christian , Hacker Winfried 
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung
Der aktuelle Fachkräftemangel und die größtenteils personelle Verankerung von Innovationskompetenz erfordern einen optimalen Einsatz der teilweise hoch spezialisierten Mitarbeiter in der Produktentwicklung. Um im zunehmenden Wettbewerb zu bestehen, ist es darüber hinaus erforderlich, diese personenbezogenen Kompetenzen gezielt weiterzuentwickeln. Für das Management der Mitarbeiterkompetenzen und speziell zur Ermittlung des individuellen Weiterbildungsbedarfs wurde ein Kompetenzmanagement-System entwickelt, das die kompetenzbasierte Planung und Steuerung des Mitarbeitereinsatzes in der Produktentwicklung unterstützt und sowohl den spezifischen Kompetenzbedarf der Entwicklungsaktivitäten als auch die Unterschiede in der Kompetenz der einzelnen Mitarbeiter berücksichtigt.
VR-unterstützte Entwicklung von Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Neugebauer Reimund , Weidlich Dieter , Kolbig Silke , Polzin Torsten 
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung
Mit dem Einsatz von Virtual Reality (VR)-Technologien im Konstruktionsprozess ergibt sich ein innovativer und vielversprechender Ansatz, Forderungen nach kürzeren Entwicklungszeiten, kundenindividuelleren Systemlösungen oder Minimierung von Investitionsrisiken nachkommen zu können. Allerdings sind die Potenziale dieser Schlüsseltechnologie sowohl hinsichtlich der eingesetzten VR-Basis-technologien als auch der Integration in bestehende CAx-Systeme längst noch nicht vollständig erschlossen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt eine neue Methode zur durchgängigen Nutzung von VR-Technologien im Konstruktionsprozess von Werkzeugmaschinen vor. Das unter der Bezeichnung VRAx® in der Entwicklung befindliche VR-basierte System zur durchgängigen, fachübergreifend konsistenten und transparenten Konzeption und Konstruktion von Werkzeugmaschinen vereint dabei neue konstruktionsmethodische Ansätze zur immersiven Modellierung von Werkzeugmaschinen mit neuen hard-und softwaretechnischen Lösungen aus dem Bereich der VR-Basis-technologien. Mit diesem System wird aufgezeigt, wie Virtual Reality erstmals produktiv zur immersiven Modellierung als aktives Entwicklungs- und Konstruktionsmedium eingesetzt werden kann.
Thermische Simulation des Konsolidierungsprozesses für Spacer fabrics
Authors: Großmann Knut , Jungnickel Günter 
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung
Die thermische Konsolidierung räumlich kompliziert strukturierter Leichtbauteile aus endlosfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen wirft neue Probleme auf, deren Lösung eine Simulation des Prozesses erfordert. Im Teil dieses Beitrags werden die Anforderungen an den Konsolidierungsprozess, die sich daraus ergebenden Fragen und spezielle Probleme der Modellierung dargestellt. Teil 2 bringt die Simulation für ein Musterwerkstück und diskutiert die Ergebnisse.
Fertigungsprozessoptimierung bei komplexen Beschichtungsprozessen
Authors: Herrmann Joachim , Bockshecker Marc , Dippe Andreas 
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung
In komplexen Fertigungsprozessen auftretende Fehleranteile werden häufig hingenommen, die durch sie verursachten Fehlerkosten als unvermeidbar akzeptiert. Dabei erzielt bereits die konsequente Anwendung einfacher Qualitätsmethoden eine wesentliche Qualitätsverbesserung, wie dieser Artikel am Beispiel des galvanischen Beschichtungsprozesses eines Motorenherstellers verdeutlichen soll.
Koordinierter Einsatz von Sensorik und Statistik
Authors: Weinert Klaus , Mehnen Jörn , Webber Oliver , Busse Anja , Hüsken Michael , Stagge Peter 
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung
Das spezielle Verfahren des BTA-Tiefbohrens wurde entwickelt, um lange Bohrungen mit hoher Oberflächengüte herstellen zu können. Auf Grund der sehr geringen Steifigkeiten der dabei verwendeten schlanken Werkzeuge ergeben sich Probleme wie Rattern, Abweichungen im Mittenverlauf und Wellenbildung, die auch Drall genannt wird. Die Oberflächen- und Formfehler stellen eine erhebliche Schädigung des Werkstücks dar. Durch den Einsatz einer speziell an den schwer zugänglichen Prozess angepassten Sensorik wurde die noch weitgehend unbekannte Systemdynamik messtechnisch erfasst und mit Hilfe statistischer und mathematischer Methoden ausgewertet sowie modelliert.
Zerstörungsfreie Qualitätsprüfung von Stahlbändern
Authors: Koch Jürgen 
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung
Die Sicherung der Produktqualität mittels Online-Prozesskontrolle gewinnt auch bei der Herstellung kaltgewalzter und oberflächenveredelter Stahlbänder zunehmend an Bedeutung. Als Alternative zur Bestimmung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Stahlbändern durch Zerreißproben bieten sich zerstörungsfreie Messverfahren unter Einsatz eines neuartigen magnetinduktiven Prüfgerätes an.