bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phospho-Aspirin (MDC-22) Prevents Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in Mice
Authors: Mattheolabakis George , Papayannis Ioannis , Yang Jennifer , Vaeth Brandon M. , Wang Ruixue , Bandovic Jela , Ouyang Nengtai , Rigas Basil , Mackenzie Gerardo G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with a dismal 5-year survival rate of &lt;6%. The currently limited treatment options for pancreatic cancer underscore the need for novel chemopreventive and therapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence indicates that aspirin use is associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer. However, the anticancer properties of aspirin are restricted by its gastrointestinal toxicity and its limited efficacy. Therefore, we developed phospho-aspirin (MDC-22), a novel derivative of aspirin, and evaluated its chemopreventive efficacy in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Phospho-aspirin inhibited the growth of human pancreatic cancer cell lines 8- to 12-fold more potently than aspirin; based on the 24-hour IC50 values. In a Panc-1 xenograft model, phospho-aspirin, at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d 5 times per week for 30 days, reduced tumor growth by 78% (P &lt; 0.01 vs. vehicle control). Furthermore, phospho-aspirin prevented pancreatitis-accelerated acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in mice with activated Kras. In p48-Cre;KrasG12D mice, cerulein treatment (6 hourly injections two times per week for 3 weeks) led to a significant increase in ductal metaplasia, replacing the majority of the exocrine compartment. Administration of phospho-aspirin 100 mg/kg/day five times per week for 21 days (starting on the first day of cerulein injection) inhibited the acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, reducing it by 87% (P &lt; 0.01, vs. cerulein-treated control). Phospho-aspirin appeared to be safe, with the animals showing no signs of toxicity during treatment. Mechanistically, phospho-aspirin inhibited EGFR activation in pancreatic cancer, an effect consistently observed in pancreatic cancer cells, primary acinar explants and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that phospho-aspirin has strong anticancer efficacy in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, warranting its further evaluation. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 624–34. ©2016 AACR.
Diallyl Disulfide (DADS), a Constituent of Garlic, Inactivates NF-κB and Prevents Colitis-Induced Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting GSK-3β
Authors: Saud Shakir M. , Li Weidong , Gray Zane , Matter Matthias S. , Colburn Nancy H. , Young Matthew R. , Kim Young S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
There is a strong belief that garlic has medicinal properties and may even reduce the risk of developing certain cancers including those of the gastrointestinal tract. The chemopreventive effects of garlic may be attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of the sulfur-containing constituents of garlic, which includes diallyl disulfide (DADS). Here, we demonstrate that DADS prevented colorectal tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer. Supplementation with 85 ppm of DADS (60 mg daily human equivalent dose) in the diet of FVB/N mice treated with chemical carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and colonic irritant dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) resulted in the reduction in tumor incidence, tumor number, and tumor burden by 21.54%, 47.3%, and 66.4%, respectively. Further analysis revealed that mice fed the DADS-supplemented diet resolved the initial DSS-induced inflammation faster than those on the control diet, preventing prolonged inflammation and cellular transformation. Subsequent mechanistic studies in vitro suggest that DADS chemopreventive effects are mediated through NF-κB signaling. When SW480 colorectal cancer cells were treated with DADS, NF-κB nuclear localization and activity were diminished. Interestingly, NF-κB suppression was found to be dependent on DADS inhibition of GSK-3β, a positive regulator of NF-κB. Inhibition of GSK-3β and loss of nuclear NF-κB activity were also observed in vivo in AOM/DSS-treated mice fed a diet supplemented with 85 ppm DADS. Our results indicate that DADS can prevent tumorigenesis by suppressing inflammation, a process largely involving GSK-3β inhibition and consequential reduction in NF-κB nuclear localization. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 607–15. ©2016 AACR.
Prehospital Phase of the Stroke Chain of Survival: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Puolakka Tuukka , Strbian Daniel , Harve Heini , Kuisma Markku , Lindsberg Perttu J. 
Published: May 2016

Background
Few studies have discussed the emergency call and prehospital care as a continuous process to decrease the prehospital and in‐hospital delays for acute stroke. To identify features associated with early hospital arrival (<90 minutes) and treatment (<120 minutes), we analyzed the operation of current dispatch protocol and emergency medical services and compared stroke recognition by dispatchers and ambulance crews.

Methods and Results

This was a 2‐year prospective observational study. All stroke patients who were transported to the hospital by emergency medical services and received recanalization therapy were recruited for the study. For a sample of 308 patients, the stroke code was activated in 206 (67%) and high priority was used in 258 (84%) of the emergency calls. Emergency medical services transported 285 (93%) of the patients using the stroke code and 269 (87%) using high priority. In the univariate analysis, the most dominant predictors of early hospital arrival were transport using stroke code (
P
=0.001) and high priority (
P
=0.002) and onset‐to‐call (
P
<0.0001) and on‐scene times (
P
=0.052). In the regression analysis, the influences of high‐priority transport (
P
<0.01) and onset‐to‐call time (
P
<0.001) prevailed as significant in both dichotomies of early arrival and treatment. The on‐scene time was found to be surprisingly long (>23.5 minutes) for both early and late‐arriving patients.

Conclusions
Fast emergency medical services activation and ambulance transport promoted early hospital arrival and treatment. Although patient‐dependent delays still dominate the prehospital process, it should be ensured that the minutes on the scene are well spent.
More Active Outside the Classroom (课堂以外更活跃：中国海外学生在澳洲与华人社区的互动)
Authors: Gao Jia 
Published: May 2016

Australia has been one of the world’s leading providers of international education in recent decades, and international students, of whom students from China have long been the largest group, have made a significant contribution to Australia. However, while some research has examined the business aspects of this new export sector in Australia, little attention has been paid to the cultural and social lives of the students, allowing many negative comments about them to cloud our understanding of this generation of overseas Chinese students. Through an analysis of documentary sources, interviews, and the observation of Chinese students studying in Australia, this paper aims to challenge the negativity of popular “xiao liuxueshengdiscourse” and explores how students have interacted with local Chinese communities, and what they have learned from such connections. Special attention will be given to two positive aspects of their activities outside university, i.e., their casual employment as a way of gaining access to the local job market and some of their entrepreneurial endeavors.澳大利亚在近几十年一直是世界国际教育的主要提供国之一，海外学生为澳大利亚做出了重大贡献，而其中来自中国的学生长期以来一直是最大的海外学生人群。然而，很少研究关注到这些中国学生的文化及社会生活，因而致使很多负面的议论仍然影响着我们对这些学生的理解。本文旨在通过对各种文献的分析、访谈以及在澳洲对中国学生的观察，挑战广为流行的“小留学生”表述的负面性。本文将探讨这些学生如何与当地华人社区互动的经历，并分析他们从互动中所学到的经验。本文将特别关注学生校外活动的两个积极方面，即作为进入就业市场手段的打工经历，以及他们的一些创业尝试。This article is in Chinese Language
Politically Sensitive Chinese Students’ Engagement with Democracy in Canada (对政治敏感的中国留学生在加拿大的民主参与：一个案例研究)
Authors: Li Gang 
Published: May 2016

Since the late 1990s citizens from the People’s Republic of China have become the largest single group of international students in all major English-speaking countries. However, relatively little has been done to understand the political dimension of Chinese students’ experience in their host societies. Taking Canada as a case country with democracy as a point of reference, this paper explores Chinese international students’ political interactions with Canadian society. Delving into six social-science graduate students’ lived experience with democracy in Metro Vancouver, this paper highlights the fact that some Chinese students tend to become highly sensitive to the political significance and implications of their overseas experience in and through their engagement with democratic discourses and practices in Canada. Furthermore, those students who have obtained Canadian permanent residency or citizenship are even inclined to become fairly active in political life in Canada.自从二十世纪九十年代末，中华人民共和国的公民已经成为所有主要英语国家最大的国际学生群体。然而，很少有研究关注中国学生留学经历的政治层面。本文选取加拿大为案例国，以民主为参照点，探究中国留学生与加拿大社会之间的互动。此研究的受访对象是六位在大温哥华地区就读不同社会科学专业的研究生。通过深入分析受访对象在加拿大对民主的亲身经历，本文突出强调以下一点，即有些中国留学生会通过他们对民主话语以及民主实践的参与而对其留学经历的政治意义和政治含义变得高度敏感。此外，那些在留学过程中获得加拿大永久居民身份和加拿大公民身份的中国留学生甚至更倾向于在加拿大的政治生活中变得相当活跃。This article is in Chinese Language
What has Happened to the Object?
Authors: Kovács Gábor 
Published: May 2016

It is well known that one of the most important questions of Bakhtin’s theory of discourse (теория прозаического слова) is the “image in artistic prose” (образ прозаического слова). In his widely read essay Discourse in the Novel, Bakhtin gives a detailed analysis of the word (слово), which “on all its various routes toward the object, in all its directions, [the word] encounters an alian word and cannot help encountering it in a living, tension-filled interaction”. Bakhtin named this phenonemon “the internal dialogism of the word”. According to his theory, the specificity of prose language (the “image in artistic prose”) consists of this kind of dialogism. There is a common process in each and every short story and novel: the prose language always prevents “the intention of the word, that is, its directionality toward the object”. Prose language sets the word against all the alien words and evaluations that are directed toward the same object. That is how the “dialogized image” emerges. While the subject of discourse seems to disappear behind the mass of words, the image of the object manifests itself in its greatest richness.
It is easy to apply Bakhtin’s prose theory to the analysis of those words that are directed toward non-ostensive objects in a short story or a novel. In the cases of words like crime, punishment, war, peace, pride, prejudice, sense, sensibility and so on, the directed objects are non-ostensive, they have a discursive mode of being, so they are open to dispute. But prose language has another special aspect that is said to be―by other theroists―as typical as dialogism: the detailed description or depiction. Descriptive discourse in prose language always uses words that are directed to ostensive objects―to familiar objects that are hard to argue for or against. It is quite rare to hear quarrels over the meaning of words like chair, table, window, room, tree, knife and so on; and obviously it would be going too far to say that all these words “form concepts of their objects in a dialogic way”. But all these do not mean that the descriptive utterances of prose language are lacking in dialogism. My main aim is to revise and re-define the analysis of the processes of descriptive discourse in prose language with the help of Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism. How does prose language over-dialogize all those words that are directed toward ostensive objects? What happens to the ostensive object when it becomes a verbal “image in artistic prose”? A short story by Jack London―The Law of Life―will help me to develop these problems.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia Within a Vascular Malformation
Authors: Fontana Stefani C. , Borgstadt Ashley , Fraga Garth R. , Reeves Alan R. , Andrews Brian T. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives: Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare, benign microvascular proliferation tumor. The etiology of ALHE is unknown, though some hypothesize it occurs in reaction to focal trauma. This study presents a case of AHLE within a vascular malformation, its treatment, and a review of the literature. Methods: A retrospective case report was performed with a 4-year follow-up. Medical records including clinic notes, radiography, operative reports, pathology, and long-term follow-up were reviewed. Results: Radiologic imaging revealed a vascular malformation with highly tortuous, corkscrew-shaped arterial vessels. Histology revealed midsized vessels with plump, epithelialized endothelium and focal areas of lymphocytic infiltrate punctuated with eosinophils, consistent with ALHE. Conclusion: This case demonstrates a unique presentation of ALHE in association with vascular malformation. Initial physical exam lacked the classic dermatologic presentation of clusters of red-to-brown nodules; however, the corkscrew vessels lined by epithelized endothelial cells and eosinophilic infiltrate were pathognomonic for ALHE.
What motives are important for participation in leisure-time activities at Swedish youth centres?
Authors: Geidne Susanna , Fredriksson Ingela , Eriksson Charli 
Published: May 2016

Objective: This study aimed to explore the motives of young people in multicultural suburbs for participating in youth-centre activities. Design and setting: The study employed practice-based research with a focus on collaboration and methodological diversity. Data on motives for participation were collected in spring 2013 at two non-governmental organisation (NGO)-run youth centres located in the suburbs of two cities in Sweden using surveys and focus-group interviews. Method: The study used mixed methods, with qualitative data being used to help explain initial quantitative findings. Statistical analysis was conducted using measures of competence and social motives. Qualitative analysis used both deductive and inductive content analysis. Results: Study findings suggest that motives concerning competence development and socialising are insufficient to account for why young people in multicultural, socially disadvantaged suburbs participate in youth-centre activities. The study highlights the importance of additional motives influencing participation in leisure-time activities. The additional motives of ‘fun/undemanding’ and ‘support’ were found to be important to most young people in this study. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that motives for participation in youth-centre activities have to do with characteristics of the participants, of the neighbourhood in which the centre is located and the specific type of unstructured leisure-time activity. Future motive measurement scales should include items concerning socioeconomic status, activities provided and young people’s degree of influence over the activities in which they participate.
Rasch analysis of the Italian Lower Extremity Functional Scale: insights on dimensionality and suggestions for an improved 15-item version
Authors: Bravini Elisabetta , Giordano Andrea , Sartorio Francesco , Ferriero Giorgio , Vercelli Stefano 
Published: May 2016

Objective: To investigate dimensionality and the measurement properties of the Italian Lower Extremity Functional Scale using both classical test theory and Rasch analysis methods, and to provide insights for an improved version of the questionnaire. Design: Rasch analysis of individual patient data. Setting: Rehabilitation centre. Participants: A total of 135 patients with musculoskeletal diseases of the lower limb. Results: Patients were assessed with the Lower Extremity Functional Scale before and after the rehabilitation. Rasch analysis showed some problems related to rating scale category functioning, items fit, and items redundancy. After an iterative process, which resulted in the reduction of rating scale categories from 5 to 4, and in the deletion of 5 items, the psychometric properties of the Italian Lower Extremity Functional Scale improved. The retained 15 items with a 4-level response format fitted the Rasch model (internal construct validity), and demonstrated unidimensionality and good reliability indices (person-separation reliability 0.92; Cronbach’s alpha 0.94). Then, the analysis showed differential item functioning for six of the retained items. The sensitivity to change of the Italian 15-item Lower Extremity Functional Scale was nearly equal to the one of the original version (effect size: 0.93 and 0.98; standardized response mean: 1.20 and 1.28, respectively for the 15-item and 20-item versions). Conclusion: The Italian Lower Extremity Functional Scale had unsatisfactory measurement properties. However, removing five items and simplifying the scoring from 5 to 4 levels resulted in a more valid measure with good reliability and sensitivity to change.
Serial monitoring of faecal calprotectin for the assessment of endoscopic recurrence in asymptomatic patients after ileocolonic resection for Crohn’s disease: a long-term prospective study
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Shimoyama Takahiro , Umegae Satoru , Matsumoto Koichi 
Published: May 2016

Background: It is recommended that ileocolonoscopy is performed within 1 year after resection for Crohn’s disease (CD). Nevertheless, optimal monitoring strategies for recurrence after the ileocolonoscopy remain to be elucidated. This prospective study was to evaluate the value of serial monitoring of faecal calprotectin (FC) after ileocolonoscopy for the assessment of endoscopic recurrence in asymptomatic patients. Methods: Patients in clinical remission who had no endoscopic recurrence at ileocolonoscopy 6–12 months after ileocolonic resection were studied. FC levels were measured every 2 months up to 24 months after the ileocolonoscopy. When the FC level was elevated (⩾140 µg/g), a second ileocolonoscopy was immediately undertaken. In contrast, patients who maintained low FC levels (<140 µg/g) during the 24-month follow up underwent a second ileocolonoscopy at the end of the study. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as a Rutgeerts score ⩾i2. Results: A total of 30 patients were studied. In eight patients, the FC level was raised during the 24-month follow up. Six of the eight patients (75%) had endoscopic recurrence. Of 22 patients who maintained low FC levels, 20 (91%) had no endoscopic recurrence, whereas two showed endoscopic recurrence at the end of the follow up. The incidence of endoscopic recurrence was significantly higher in patients with elevation of FC levels versus those with maintained low FC levels (75% versus 9%). A cut-off value of 140 µg/g for FC had a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 75%, a negative predictive value of 91% and a diagnostic accuracy of 87% to detect endoscopic recurrence. Conclusions: Consecutive monitoring of FC is useful for the assessment of endoscopic recurrence after the initial ileocolonoscopy. Increased FC levels indicate a need for repeat ileocolonoscopy, while sustained low FC levels predict a low risk of endoscopic recurrence. In patients maintaining low FC levels, unnecessary invasive endoscopic examinations can be avoided.
A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, phase IV trial of oros-methylphenidate (CONCERTA®) and generic novo-methylphenidate ER-C (NOVO-generic)
Authors: Fallu Angelo , Dabouz Farida , Furtado Melissa , Anand Leena , Katzman Martin A. 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder with onset during childhood. Multiple aspects of a child’s development are hindered, in both home and school settings, with negative impacts on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. If left untreated, ADHD is commonly associated with poor academic achievement and low occupational status, as well as increased risk of substance abuse and delinquency. The objective of this study was to evaluate adult ADHD subject reported outcomes when switched from a stable dose of CONCERTA® to the same dose of generic Novo-methylphenidate ER-C®. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, cross-over, phase IV trial consisted of two phases in which participants with a primary diagnosis of ADHD were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 3 weeks of treatment with CONCERTA or generic Novo-Methylphenidate ER-C. Following 3 weeks of treatment, participants were crossed-over to receive the other treatment for an additional 3 weeks. Primary efficacy was assessed through the use of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication, Version II (TSQM-II). Results: Participants with ADHD treated with CONCERTA were more satisfied in terms of efficacy and side effects compared to those receiving an equivalent dose of generic Novo-Methylphenidate ER-C. All participants chose to continue with CONCERTA treatment at the conclusion of the study. Conclusion: Although CONCERTA and generic Novo-Methylphenidate ER-C have been deemed bioequivalent, however the present findings demonstrate clinically and statistically significant differences between generic and branded CONCERTA. Further investigation of these differences is warranted.
Mitral Valve Surgery for Rheumatic Lesions in Young Patients
Authors: Cardoso B. , Loureiro P. , Gomes I. , Gordo A. , Banazol N. , Fragata I. , Trigo C. , Pinto F. , Fragata José 
Published: May 2016

Background: The appropriateness of rheumatic mitral valve repair remains controversial due to the risks of recurrent mitral dysfunction and need for reoperation. The aims of this study were to determine the overall short- and long-term outcomes of pediatric rheumatic mitral valve surgery in our center. Methods: Single-center, observational, retrospective study that analyzed the results of rheumatic mitral valve surgery in young patients, consecutively operated by the same team, between 1999 and 2014. Results: We included 116 patients (mean age = 12.6 ± 3.5 years), of which 66 (57%) were females. A total of 116 primary surgical interventions and 22 reoperations were performed. Primary valve repair was possible in 86 (74%) patients and valve replacement occurred in 30 (26%). Sixty percent of the patients were followed up beyond three months after surgery (median follow-up time = 9.2 months [minimum = 10 days; maximum = 15 years]). Long-term clinical outcomes were favorable, with most patients in New York Heart Association functional class I (89.6%) and in sinus rhythm (85%). Freedom from reoperation for primary valve repair at six months, five years, and ten years was 96.4% ± 0.25%, 72% ± 0.72%, and 44.7% ± 1.34%, respectively. Freedom from reoperation for primary valve replacement at six months, five years, and ten years was 100%, 91.7% ± 0.86%, and 91.7% ± 0.86%, respectively. Mitral stenosis as the primary lesion dictated early reintervention. Conclusions: Despite the greater rate of reoperation, especially when the primary lesion was mitral stenosis, rheumatic mitral valve repair provides similar clinical outcomes as compared with replacement, with the advantage of avoiding anticoagulation.