bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household Consumption Distribution in Rural China: A Consistent Two‐Step Estimation
Authors: Tan Tao , Zhang Yanyuan , Wen Bo , Zhang Xinwen , Zhan Jintao 
Published: March 2016

As China continues to experience rapid urbanization, understanding the distribution of rural household consumption presents important policy implications. We take a sample of 15,606 households from the National Rural Fixed Observation Point Survey conducted by China's Ministry of Agriculture in 2010. A consistent two‐step estimation based on the quadratic almost ideal demand system model is used to assess the distribution of living expenses across eight categories of goods and services. Results show that the price elasticity of food, clothing, and transportation and communication is relatively low, whereas that of durable goods, fuel, health and medicine, culture and education, and others is high. Demographic and regional variables also considerably affect living expenses. Our conclusions can serve as significant reference for evaluating changes in consumption structure and farmers’ welfare during the course of modernization in China. This type of analysis may also be conducted in other developing countries in general.En raison de la forte accélération de l'urbanisation en Chine, une meilleure compréhension de la distribution des dépenses de consommation des ménages ruraux permettra d’élaborer de meilleures politiques. Dans la présente étude, nous avons constitué un échantillon de 15 606 ménages à partir de l'enquête National rural Fixed Observation Point réalisée par le ministère de l'Agriculture de la Chine en 2010. Nous avons appliqué une méthode d'estimation en deux étapes, fondée sur le modèle QUAIDS (système de demande presque parfait quadratique), pour évaluer la distribution des frais de subsistance dans huit catégories de biens et services. Les résultats de notre étude ont montré que l’élasticité‐prix des aliments, de l'habillement, du transport et des communications est relativement faible, tandis que celle des biens durables, du carburant, des soins de santé et des médicaments, de la culture et de l’éducation, entre autres, est élevée. Les variables démographiques et régionales ont également un impact considérable sur le niveau des dépenses. Les conclusions de notre étude peuvent servir de référence pour évaluer les changements qui touchent la structure de la consommation et le bien‐être des agriculteurs durant la modernisation de la Chine. Ce genre d'analyse peut également être appliqué à d'autres pays en développement.
Targeting Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Wang Shu‐Na , Xu Tian‐Ying , Li Wen‐Lin , Miao Chao‐Yu 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAdult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species, which is closely related to aging and disease. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also an adipokine known as visfatin, is the rate‐limiting enzyme for mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis by generating nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide. Recent findings from our laboratory and other laboratories have provided much evidence that NAMPT might serve as a therapeutic target to restore adult neurogenesis. NAMPT‐mediated NAD biosynthesis in neural stem/progenitor cells is important for their proliferation, self‐renewal, and formation of oligodendrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Therapeutic interventions by the administration of NMN, NAD, or recombinant NAMPT are effective for restoring adult neurogenesis in several neurological diseases. We summarize adult neurogenesis in aging, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease and review the advances of targeting NAMPT in restoring neurogenesis. Specifically, we provide emphasis on the P7C3 family, a class of proneurogenic compounds that are potential NAMPT activators, which might shed light on future drug development in neurogenesis restoration.
Multicenter randomized controlled study to assess the effect of prophylactic clipping on post‐polypectomy delayed bleeding
Authors: Matsumoto Mio , Kato Mototsugu , Oba Koji , Abiko Satoshi , Tsuda Momoko , Miyamoto Shuichi , Mizushima Takeshi , Ono Masayoshi , Omori Saori , Takahashi Masakazu , Ono Shoko , Mabe Katsuhiro , Nakagawa Manabu , Nakagawa Soichi , Kudo Takahiko , Shimizu Yuichi , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: March 2016

Background and AimProphylactic clipping has been widely used to prevent post‐procedural bleeding in colon polypctomy. However, its efficiency has not been confirmed and there is no consensus on the usefulness of prophylactic clipping. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effect of prophylactic clipping on post‐polypectomy bleeding.MethodsA multicenter randomized controlled study was conducted from January 2012 to July 2013 in Japan. Patients who had polyps <2 cm in diameter were divided into a clipping group and a non‐clipping group by cluster randomization. After endoscopic polypectomy, patients allocated to the clipping group underwent prophylactic clipping, whereas the procedure was completed without clipping in patients allocated to the non‐clipping group. Occurrence of post‐polypectomy bleeding was compared between the two groups.ResultsSeven hospitals participated in this study. A total of 3365 polyps in 1499 patients were evaluated. The clipping group consisted of 1636 polyps in 752 patients, and the non‐clipping group consisted of 1729 polyps in 747 patients. Post‐polypectomy bleeding occurred in 1.10% (18/1636) of the cases in the clipping group, and in 0.87% (15/1729) of those in the non‐clipping group. The difference was –0.22% (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.96, 0.53). Upper limit of the 95% CI was lower than the non‐inferiority margin (1.5%), and we could thus prove non‐inferiority of non‐clipping against clipping.ConclusionProphylactic clipping is not necessary to prevent post‐polypectomy bleeding for polyps <2 cm in diameter.
Does Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns Impact Right Atrial Phasic Function? Findings from the Hypertensive Population
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Cuspidi Cesare , Kocijancic Vesna , Celic Vera , Vukomanovic Vladan 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate right atrial (RA) phasic function in hypertensive patients with different left ventricular (LV) geometric patterns by using two‐dimensional (2DE) and three‐dimensional (3DE) echocardiography.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 177 hypertensive patients who underwent 2DE and 3DE examination. The updated criteria of LV geometry that included LV mass index, LV end‐diastolic diameter, and relative wall thickness were applied. Using this classification, patients were separated into six groups: normal geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric nondilated LV hypertrophy (LVH), concentric LVH, dilated LVH, and concentric–dilated LVH.ResultsTwo‐dimensional echocardiography and 3DE RA volumes were significantly higher in concentric and dilated LVH than in other LV geometric types. RA reservoir function, estimated by total 2DE and 3DE RA emptying fraction (EF), was decreased in subjects with dilated LVH compared with normal geometric and concentric LV remodeling patterns. RA conduit function assessed with 2DE and 3DE RA passive EF, gradually reduced from normal LV geometry to dilated LVH. RA pump function was increased in patients with concentric and dilated LVH than in subjects with normal LV geometry and concentric remodeling. 2DE strain analysis confirmed these findings about RA phasic function. Concentric LVH and dilated LVH were associated with RA enlargement and dysfunction irrespectively of main demographic and clinical parameters.ConclusionLeft ventricular geometric patterns have significant impact on RA phasic function in hypertensive patients. Concentric and dilated LVH patterns have the most prominent negative effect on RA morphological and functional remodeling.
Sfrp5 associates with beta‐cell function in humans
Authors: Carstensen‐Kirberg Maren , Hatziagelaki Erifili , Tsiavou Anastasia , Chounta Athina , Nowotny Peter , Pacini Giovanni , Dimitriadis George , Roden Michael , Herder Christian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSecreted frizzled‐related protein (Sfrp)5 improves insulin sensitivity, but impairs beta‐cell function in rodents. However, the relationship between Sfrp5, insulin sensitivity and secretion in humans is currently unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize the associations between serum Sfrp5 and indices of insulin sensitivity and beta‐cell function from dynamic measurements using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in humans.Material and methodsThis study enrolled 194 individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), who were diagnosed based on ultrasound and liver transaminases and underwent a frequent sampling 75‐g OGTT. Fasting serum Sfrp5 was measured by ELISA. Associations were assessed with several indices of insulin sensitivity and beta‐cell function derived from glucose, insulin and C‐peptide concentrations during the OGTT.ResultsCirculating Sfrp5 associated inversely with the insulinogenic index based on C‐peptide (rs = −0·244, P = 0·001), but not with the insulinogenic index based on insulin levels (rs = −0·007, P = 0·926) after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index. Sfrp5 inversely correlated only with QUICKI as a marker of insulin sensitivity in the model adjusted for age and sex (rs = −0·149, P = 0·039). These associations were not influenced by the additional adjustment for hepatic steatosis index.ConclusionsThe inverse association of serum Sfrp5 with beta‐cell function suggests a detrimental role of Sfrp5 for insulin secretion also in humans. The severity of NAFLD does not appear to affect this relationship. The weak association between serum Sfrp5 and insulin sensitivity was partially explained by body mass.
Tightly clustered markers linked to an apospory‐related gene region and quantitative trait loci mapping for agronomic traits in Brachiaria hybrids
Authors: Thaikua Sarayut , Ebina Masumi , Yamanaka Naoki , Shimoda Katsuhisa , Suenaga Kazuhiro , Kawamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBrachiariagrass is an important tropical forage grass cultivated around the world. Despite its global importance, the development of brachiariagrass breeding programs was delayed by the complications of recombining aposporous apomictic genotypes until the late 1980s. ‘Mulato’ is the first apomictic hybrid cultivar of brachiariagrass with the development of synthetic sexual tetraploid lines. An amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (AFLP) linkage map of the apomictic pollen donor ‘Mulato’ was developed to identify molecular markers for apospory. The map contained 29 linkage groups with 272 markers. Twelve tightly clustered AFLP markers related to apospory were identified in linkage group 2. Furthermore, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf width, leaf shape ratio (width/length), stem diameter and percentage of filled seeds using simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping. The AFLP markers tightly linked to apospory and QTLs associated with important agronomical traits will be valuable tools for marker‐assisted selection in brachiariagrass improvement programs.
Morph‐physiological responses of two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars to cadmium stress
Authors: Liu Changhao , Lou Laiqing , Deng Junxia , Li Daojun , Yuan Shaoxun , Cai Qingsheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwo cultivars of switchgrass, ‘Alamo’ (lowland type) and ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ (upland type), were used to examine the morph‐physiological responses of plants to different cadmium (Cd) levels under hydroponic condition treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 μmol L−1 CdCl2 for 2 weeks. The main results showed that both seedlings of ‘Alamo’ and ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ can survive even in 40 μmol L−1 CdCl2 treatment. However, the growth of the two cultivars was significantly (at least P < 0.05) inhibited by Cd stress. The plant biomass, water content, photosynthetic pigments content, total root length (RL), root surface area (RA), root volume (RV) and number of root tips of two tested cultivars were significantly decreased after treatment with Cd. ‘Alamo’ showed higher capability of Cd translocation from root to shoot than ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’, but ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ had higher capability of Cd uptake and accumulation than ‘Alamo’. ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ accumulated higher Cd in root than ‘Alamo’, the root average diameter, RL, RA and RV at the root segment in 0.3–0.9 mm diameter in ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ were dramatically higher than those of ‘Alamo’, which indicates that a well‐developed root system may contribute to higher Cd accumulation in ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’. Above all, both ‘Alamo’ and ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ could be cultivated in Cd polluted area. At the same time, they have bioremediation function, especially, this function of seedling in ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ should be greater than ‘Alamo’, since the amount of Cd absorption and accumulation in ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’ was significant higher than ‘Alamo’.
Pancreatic carcinosarcoma with the same KRAS gene mutation in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components: molecular evidence for monoclonal origin of the tumour
Authors: Bai Qianming , Zhang Xin , Zhu Xiaoli , Wang Lei , Huang Dan , Cai Xu , Zhou Xiaoyan , Wang Jian , Sheng Weiqi 
Published: March 2016

AimsTo better understand the histogenesis, prognosis and feasible treatment of pancreatic carcinosarcoma, a rare type of neoplasia.Methods and resultsWe investigated eight additional cases of pancreatic carcinosarcoma at a single institution, including the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and KRAS mutation characteristics. We have also reviewed the current literature on this rare type of neoplasia, and summarized the clinicopathological features and feasible treatments. As a result, concordant strong nuclear immunoreactivity for P53 protein and the same type of KRAS gene mutation, c.35G>A (p.G12D) or c.35G>T (p.G12V), were showed in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in five of eight cases. Furthermore, we found that the patients treated with surgery plus postoperative chemotherapy had longer survival than those treated with surgery only (P = 0.034 and P = 0.131 for overall survival and disease‐free survival, respectively), although Cox regression multivariate analysis indicated that it was not an independent predictor. In addition, we found KRAS mutant allele‐specific imbalance in four of our five cases of pancreatic carcinosarcoma, which was associated with advanced disease and a worse prognosis.ConclusionsThis is the largest panel of cases of pancreatic carcinosarcoma studied so far, including clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetic features. Our findings indicate that the tumour could have been of monoclonal origin, and that the sarcomatous components might have arisen from metaplastic transformation of the carcinomatous components. Our results also suggest that surgery plus POC including gemcitabine may be a good choice for patients with pancreatic carcinosarcoma.
Risk factors associated with incident sexually transmitted infections in HIV‐positive patients in the Australian HIV Observational Database: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mulhall BP , Wright ST , De La Mata N , Allen D , Brown K , Dickson B , Grotowski M , Jackson E , Petoumenos K , Foster R , Read T , Russell D , Smith DJ , Templeton DJ , Fairley CK , Law MG 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesWe established a subcohort of HIV‐positive individuals from 10 sexual health clinics within the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD). The aim of this study was to assess demographic and other factors that might be associated with an incident sexually transmitted infection (STI).MethodsThe cohort follow‐up was from March 2010 to March 2013, and included patients screened at least once for an STI. We used survival methods to determine time to first new and confirmed incident STI infection (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis or genital warts). Factors evaluated included sex, age, mode of HIV exposure, year of AHOD enrolment, hepatitis B or C coinfection, time‐updated CD4 cell count, time‐updated HIV RNA viral load, and prior STI diagnosis.ResultsThere were 110 first incident STI diagnoses observed over 1015 person‐years of follow‐up, a crude rate of 10.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.0–13.0] per 100 person‐years. Factors independently associated with increased risk of incident STI included younger age [≥ 50 vs. 30–39 years old, adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.8; P < 0.0001]; prior STI infection (aHR 2.5; 95% CI 1.6–3.8; P < 0.001), and heterosexual vs. men who have sex with men (MSM) as the likely route of exposure (aHR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.6; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this cohort of individualsbeing treated with antiretroviral drugs, those who were MSM, who were 30–39 years old, and who had a prior history of STI, were at highest risk of a further STI diagnosis.
Prebrushing rinse with water on plaque removal: a split‐mouth design
Authors: Van der Sluijs E , Slot DE , Hennequin‐Hoenderdos NL , Van Leeuwen MPC , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate whether there is an additional beneficial effect on dental plaque removal of rinsing the oral cavity with water before toothbrushing.MethodIn total, 48 non‐dental, systemically healthy participants ≥18 years were included in this randomized controlled clinical trial using a split‐mouth design. The participants were requested to refrain from any form of oral hygiene for 48 h. First dental plaque scores (PI) were assessed full mouth. Two randomly assigned contra‐lateral quadrants were brushed. Next the participant rinsed for 1 min with 15 ml water. Subsequently, the opposite two contra‐lateral quadrants were brushed. Brushing was performed without toothpaste. Subsequently the second full‐mouth PI assessment was performed. The brushing and rinsing procedure was performed under supervision and brushing time was tracked by a timer, each quadrant was brushed for 30 s. For the buccal, lingual, and approximal surfaces and tooth type, a subanalysis was performed.ResultsAt baseline there was no statistically significantly difference between the two sets of contra‐lateral quadrants. When a water rinse was used before toothbrushing the PI‐score was reduced by 58%. If water rinse was used post‐brushing the PI‐score reduced by 57%. The difference of 0.04 in mean plaque index score reduction between the two brushing regimens was not significant(P = 0.162).ConclusionWhen a 2 min brushing exercise was performed, on average more than 55% dental plaque was removed. Prerinsing with water did not contribute significantly to toothbrush efficacy.
The effects of assisted cycling therapy (ACT) and voluntary cycling on reaction time and measures of executive function in adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Ringenbach S. D. R. , Holzapfel S. D. , Mulvey G. M. , Jimenez A. , Benson A. , Richter M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundReports of positive effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in persons with Down syndrome are extremely limited. However, a novel exercise intervention, termed assisted cycling therapy (ACT), has resulted in acutely improved cognitive planning ability and reaction times as well as improved cognitive planning after 8 weeks of ACT in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Here, we report the effects of 8 weeks of ACT on reaction time, set‐shifting, inhibition and language fluency in adolescents with Down syndrome.MethodsAdolescents with Down syndrome (age: ~18 years) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of ACT (n = 17) or voluntary cycling (VC: n = 16), and a convenience sample (n = 11) was assigned to be an inactive comparison group (NC: n = 11). During ACT, the cycling cadence of the participants was augmented to an average cadence that was 80% faster than the voluntary cadence of the VC group. The increase in cadence was achieved with an electric motor in the stationary bicycle. Reaction time, set‐shifting, inhibition and language fluency were assessed before and after 8 weeks of intervention.ResultsPower output and heart rates of the ACT and VC groups were almost identical, but the ACT cadence was significantly faster. The ACT group, but not the VC or NC groups, showed significantly improved reactions times (Hedges' g = −0.42) and inhibitory control (g = 0.18). Only the VC group showed improved set‐shifting ability (g = 0.57). The ACT and VC groups displayed improved semantic language fluency (g = 0.25, g = 0.22, respectively).DiscussionsThese and previous results support the hypothesis of increased neuroplasticity and prefrontal cortex function following ACT and, to a smaller extent, following VC. Both ACT and VC appear to be associated with cortical benefits, but based on current and previous results, ACT seems to maximize the benefits.
How can rAAV‐α‐synuclein and the fibril α‐synuclein models advance our understanding of Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Volpicelli‐Daley Laura A. , Kirik Deniz , Stoyka Lindsay E. , Standaert David G. , Harms Ashley S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAnimal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are important for understanding the mechanisms of the disease and can contribute to developing and validating novel therapeutics. Ideally, these models should replicate the cardinal features of PD, such as progressive neurodegeneration of catecholaminergic neurons and motor defects. Many current PD models emphasize pathological forms of α‐synuclein, based on findings that autosomal dominant mutations in α‐synuclein and duplications/triplications of the SNCA gene cause PD. In addition, Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, primarily composed of α‐synuclein, represent the predominant pathological characteristics of PD. These inclusions have defined features, such as insolubility in non‐ionic detergent, hyperphosphorylation, proteinase K sensitivity, a filamentous appearance by electron microscopy, and β‐sheet structure. Furthermore, it has become clear that Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are found throughout the peripheral and central nervous system, and could account not only for motor symptoms, but also for non‐motor symptoms of the disease. The goal of this review is to describe two new α‐synuclein‐based models: the recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector‐α‐synuclein model and the α‐synuclein fibril model. An advantage of both models is that they do not require extensive crossbreeding of rodents transgenic for α‐synuclein with other rodents transgenic for genes of interest to study the impact of such genes on PD‐related pathology and phenotypes. In addition, abnormal α‐synuclein can be expressed in brain regions relevant for disease. Here, we discuss the features of each model, how each model has contributed thus far to our understanding of PD, and the advantages and potential caveats of each model.
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This review describes two α‐synuclein‐based rodent models of Parkinson's disease: the rAAV‐α‐synuclein model and the α‐synuclein fibril model. The key features of these models are described, and the extent to which they recapitulate features of PD, such as α‐synuclein inclusion formation, loss of dopaminergic synapses in the striatum, motor defects, inflammation, and dopamine neuron death.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.