bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibration‐based damage assessment of steel structure using global and local response measurements
Authors: Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Chan Chuan‐Kai , Chen Sheng‐Fu , Huang Shieh‐Kung 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDamage assessment of a structure involves acquiring and identifying dynamic characteristics of the structure and using these characteristics to evaluate behavior and performance. In this study, an unsymmetrical three‐story steel structure (fabricated with one weak column in the first floor) was tested on shaking table and subjected to a series of earthquake excitations with increasing level of excitation back to back. Besides, white noise excitation was also applied in between the earthquake excitation to serve as the reference state. Both the traditional sensing system (accelerometer and linear variable differential transformer) and the local optical tracker system were implemented in the structure to collect the vibration‐based responses. For operational modal analysis, structural response from white noise excitation will be used in this study. First, the traditional system identification using global response data is used (multivariate autoregressive (AR)‐model) to extract system natural frequencies and mode shapes from all different set of white noise responses after earthquake excitation. The migration of AR‐coefficient ellipse error from each sensor response was used to identify the damage location. Second, blind source separation technique was used to identify the modal contribution of the structure from each test, which provide information to detect the damage severity. Finally, from the local optical tracker array data, the principal component analysis was applied to quantify the earthquake‐induce local stress of the structural member. Combine the result from damage detection using global measurement and the identified local element stress, one can locate and quantify the damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low impact surface hardness testing (Equotip) on porous surfaces – advances in methodology with implications for rock weathering and stone deterioration research
Authors: Wilhelm Katrin , Viles Heather , Burke Órlaith 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Equotip surface hardness tester is becoming a popular method for rock and stone weathering research. In order to improve the reliability of Equotip for on‐site application this study tested four porous limestones under laboratory conditions. The range of stone porosity was chosen to represent likely porosities found in weathered limestones in the field. We consider several key issues: (i) its suitability for soft and porous stones; (ii) the type of probe required for specific on‐site applications; (iii) appropriate (non‐parametrical) statistical methods for Equotip data; (iv) sufficient sampling size. This study shows that the Equotip is suitable for soft and porous rock and stone. From the two tested probes the DL probe has some advantages over the D probe as it correlates slightly better with open porosity and allows for more controlled sampling in recessed areas and rough or curved areas. We show that appropriate sampling sizes and robust non‐parametric methods for subsequent data evaluation can produce meaningful measures of rock surface hardness derived from the Equotip. The novel Hybrid dynamic hardness, a combination of two measuring procedures [single impact method (SIM) and repeated impact method (RIM)], has been adapted and is based on median values to provide a more robust data evaluation. For the tested stones in this study we propose a sample size of 45 readings (for a confidence level of 95%). This approach can certainly be transferred to stone and rock with similar porosities and hardness. Our approach also allows for consistent comparisons to be made across a wide variety of studies in the fields of rock weathering and stone deterioration research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a high‐intensity functional exercise program on depressive symptoms among people with dementia in residential care: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boström Gustaf , Conradsson Mia , Hörnsten Carl , Rosendahl Erik , Lindelöf Nina , Holmberg Henrik , Nordström Peter , Gustafson Yngve , Littbrand Håkan 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a high‐intensity functional exercise program on depressive symptoms among older care facility residents with dementia.MethodsResidents (n = 186) with a diagnosis of dementia, age ≥ 65 years, Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≥ 10, and dependence in activities of daily living were included. Participants were randomized to a high‐intensity functional exercise program or a non‐exercise control activity conducted 45 min every other weekday for 4 months. The 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were administered by blinded assessors at baseline, 4, and 7 months.ResultsNo difference between the exercise and control activity was found in GDS or MADRS score at 4 or 7 months. Among participants with GDS scores ≥ 5, reductions in GDS score were observed in the exercise and control groups at 4 months (–1.58, P = 0.001 and –1.54, P = 0.004) and 7 months (–1.25, P = 0.01 and –1.45, P = 0.007). Among participants with MADRS scores ≥ 7, a reduction in MADRS score was observed at 4 months in the control group (–2.80, P = 0.009) and at 7 months in the exercise and control groups (–3.17, P = 0.003 and –3.34, P = 0.002).ConclusionsA 4‐month high‐intensity functional exercise program has no superior effect on depressive symptoms relative to a control activity among older people with dementia living in residential care facilities. Exercise and non‐exercise group activities may reduce high levels of depressive symptoms.
Impact of exclusion criteria for the DASISION and ENESTnd trials in the front‐line treatment of a ‘real‐life’ patient population with chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Latagliata Roberto , Carmosino Ida , Vozella Federico , Volpicelli Paola , De Angelis Federico , Loglisci Maria Giovanna , Salaroli Adriano , De Luca Maria Lucia , Montagna Chiara , Serrao Alessandra , Molica Matteo , Diverio Daniela , Nanni Mauro , Mancini Marco , Breccia Massimo , Alimena Giuliana 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBoth Dasision and ENESTnd trials had many exclusion criteria, with a possible selection bias compared with the real‐life. To address the impact of this bias on the first‐line treatment in the current clinical practice, we revised 207 unselected newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients [M/F 108/99, median age 58.8 years, interquartile range 42.3–70.2] treated with front‐line imatinib from June 2002 to June 2013 at our Institution, and evaluated how many of them would have been excluded from enrolment in the two trials. Twenty‐eight patients (13.5%) should have been excluded by both trials because of polycomorbidities (12), severe cardiomyopathy (five), age > 80 with frailty (three), drug abuse (two) or other severe concomitant diseases (six). In addition, eight patients should have been excluded by Dasision due to isolated chronic obstructive broncopulmonar disease, and 19 patients should have been excluded by ENESTnd due to isolated diabetes (10), arrhythmia (four), acute myocardial infarction > 6 months before CML diagnosis (two), chronic pancreatic disease (two) and peripheral arterial obstructive disease (one). On the whole, 36 patients (17.4%) would have been excluded by Dasision trial and 47 (22.7%) by ENESTnd trial. The patients potentially not eligible for both trials were significantly older and with imatinib had a worse outcome compared with patients potentially eligible. Our data highlight that an automatic transposition of results available in clinical controlled trials into the frontline real‐life management of CML patients should be regarded with caution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac MRI right ventricle / left ventricle (RV/LV) volume ratio improves detection of RV enlargement
Authors: Altmayer Stephan P.L. , Patel Amit R. , Addetia Karima , Gomberg‐Maitland Mardi , Forfia Paul R. , Han Yuchi 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo determine the normal range of the ratio of right ventricular (RV) end‐diastolic volume to left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and examine whether combining this volume ratio with RVEDV indexed to body surface area (RVEDVi) increased the detection of RV dilation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Materials and MethodsMRI‐derived ventricular function and volumes were measured in a control group (n = 152) and in patients with PAH (n = 46). Images were acquired with a 1.5T Siemens or a 1.5T Philips scanner using a steady‐state free procession sequence. Proposed criteria for the detection of RV enlargement, including RVEDVi alone, RV/LV volume ratio alone, and combining both criteria, were evaluated in both groups.ResultsThe range (mean ± 2 standard deviations) for the volume ratio in the normal population was found to be 0.906–1.266; there was no difference between genders (P = 0.70). Combining this ratio with RVEDVi detected RV enlargement in 21.7% (P < 0.001) PAH patients (volume ratio ≥1.27) who were not identified by the RVEDVi alone (>104 mL/m2 for females and >113 mL/m2 for males).ConclusionCombining RV/LV volume ratio with indexed RVEDV increased detection of RV enlargement in a PAH population. This result may have potential impact in RV size assessment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1379–1385.
Orchestrating Molecular Motion with Light – From Single (macro)Molecules to Materials
Authors: Bléger David 
Published: December 2015

The possibility to control molecular systems with light holds much promise for the fields of materials life sciences. To achieve such control, compounds that are able to reversibly photoisomerize between two states or more can be employed. Several classes of photochromic units are available depending on which properties should be modulated upon isomerization, e.g., electronic gap, polarity, or geometry. The latter class, which is mostly based on E/Z isomerization, is particularly useful to remotely trigger motion at the single molecule level, giving rise to a wide range of applications at all scales after incorporation into the adequate architecture. In this article, recent advances in that direction are highlighted, including our own efforts to optimize the intrinsic properties of azobenzene photoswitches, as well as their integration into oligomers, polymers, and 3D frameworks.
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Ground‐based observations of clouds through both an automatic imager and human observation
Authors: Silva Abel Antônio , Souza‐Echer Mariza Pereira 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe routine to determine the local cloud cover (LCC) drawn from sky images obtained using a ground‐based automatic imager is validated. Almost 3 years of daily data of LCC and cloud cover measurements by ground‐based human observation (CCHO) were compared for two Brazilian stations set 6 km apart. The linear fitting between daily values showed a co‐efficient of determination (r2) and a percent scattering of points (SD%) of ≈ 0.77 and ≈ 19.4% respectively. These results are evidence for the significant similarity between the two sets of data. On the other hand, the level of difference found can be explained by the fact that (1) the data refer to independent micro‐scale observations of the sky from stations set a few kilometres apart and (2) the data were drawn from interpretations of cloud cover by an automatic imager and a human observer. The monthly average values of LCC and CCHO showed better linear fitting parameters r2 = 0.95 and SD% = 6.3%. Average differences of ≈ −10% from LCC to CCHO were found. These average differences may reflect a systematic bias between the two processes of measuring cloud cover.
Tolerability and Adherence Problems in Patients on a Stable Dose of Methotrexate: Results of a Multicentre Survey
Authors: Robinson S. , Gibson S. , George E. , Martin U. , Heslop P. , Wrightson H. , Prowse P. , Kalinowski M. , Marshall D. , Reed M. , Adebajo A. , Walker D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionMethotrexate is commonly used in patients with inflammatory arthritis. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the prevalence of side effects that patients on methotrexate were tolerating and to establish their adherence to the medication.MethodA questionnaire was developed for completion by the healthcare professional with the patient, and piloted in one centre. The questionnaire was then used in six other centres, with the addition of a question about the attractiveness of stopping methotrexate treatment. Efficacy and toxicities were scored for severity on a 10‐cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Adherence to the drug was also explored.ResultsThe prevalence of ‘any side effect’ ranged from 57% to 86%. The most frequent side effects were fatigue (53%); nausea (38%); mouth ulcers (23%) and hair loss (23%). Efficacy averaged 6.5 cm on the VAS. Results from the combined survey revealed that toxicity averaged 5.9 cm for fatigue, 4.8 cm for nausea, 4.4 for mouth ulcers, 3.9 cm for hair loss and 5.7 cm for ‘other’ side effects.13.5% of patients revealed that they had forgotten to take the drug for an average of two weeks, and 25% for an average of 2.5 weeks in the previous year. Participants were more likely to reveal this to a nurse than a doctor.ConclusionPatients put up with a considerable number of side effects in order to benefit from methotrexate therapy. Adherence to this drug merits further study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neu zusammengesetzt: Gruppe‐14‐Elemente als Halbleiter
Authors: Barth Sven , Seifner Michael S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStrategien, um ungewöhnliche metastabile Phasen herzustellen, basieren oft auf Prinzipien der Festkörperchemie. Nutzt die Synthese Template oder andere Moleküle, erweitern sich die Zusammensetzungen der Nanostrukturen.
Fostering Innovation and Entrepreneurialism in Public Sector Reform
Authors: Cummings Clare 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThere is growing recognition within the international development sector that there is a need for a new, more effective approach to engaging in public sector reform. This article builds on an emerging body of work that advocates more entrepreneurial and adaptive public sector reform programming. Drawing on knowledge and theory from public sector management, psychology and entrepreneurialism, this article aims to understand what motivates public sector workers to work entrepreneurially and suggest how these ideas can be applied to the way in which international development agencies engage in public sector reform work. This requires a shift in thinking from predesigned, large, externally led programmes promoting international best practice to interventions in which agencies adopt the role of a facilitator, helping to establish the enabling conditions for local partners to work entrepreneurially, developing their own solutions to the problems that they identify in their work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confounding by drug formulary restriction in pharmacoepidemiologic research
Authors: Filion Kristian B. , Eberg Maria , Ernst Pierre 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeThe potential consequences of confounding due to drug formulary restrictions in pharmacoepidemiologic research remain incompletely understood. Our objective was to illustrate this potential bias using the example of fluticasone/salmeterol combination therapy, an oral inhaler used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whose use is restricted in the province of Quebec, Canada.MethodsWe identified all new users of fluticasone/salmeterol in Quebec's administrative databases and classified those who received their initial dispensing of fluticasone/salmeterol between 1 September 1999 and 30 September 2003 as users from the liberal period and those who received it between 1 January 2004 and 31 October 2006 as users from the restricted period. The primary outcome was time to first hospitalization for respiratory causes within 12 months of cohort entry.ResultsOur cohort included 72 154 new users from the liberal period and 5058 from the restricted period. Compared with use during the liberal period, use during the restricted period was associated with an increased rate of hospitalization for respiratory causes (crude hazard ratio [HR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32, 1.51). Subsequent adjustment for age, sex, and hospitalization for respiratory causes in the previous year attenuated the association (HR = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.98, 1.12). Further adjustment for other potential confounders resulted in a lower rate during the restricted period (HR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.73, 0.83).ConclusionsFormulary restrictions can result in substantial and unexpected confounding and should be considered during the design and analysis of pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated participation in pancreatic cancer surveillance by high‐risk individuals imposes low psychological burden
Authors: Konings Ingrid C. A. W. , Sidharta Grace N. , Harinck Femme , Aalfs Cora M. , Poley Jan‐Werner , Kieffer Jacobien M. , Kuenen Marianne A. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Wagner Anja , van Hooft Jeanin E. , van Rens Anja , Fockens Paul , Bruno Marco J. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundWhen assessing the feasibility of surveillance for pancreatic cancer (PC), it is important to address its psychological burden. The aim of this ongoing study is to evaluate the psychological burden of annual pancreatic surveillance for individuals at high risk to develop PC.MethodsThis is a multicenter prospective study. High‐risk individuals who undergo annual pancreatic surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) were invited to complete questionnaires to assess motivations for participating in surveillance, experiences with participation, perceived PC risk, topics of concern, and psychological distress. Questionnaires were sent after intake for participation (T1), after the first MRI and EUS (T2), and after the MRI and EUS 1 (T3), 2 (T4), and 3 years (T5) after first surveillance.ResultsIn total, 140 out of 152 individuals returned one or more of the questionnaires (response 92%); 477 questionnaires were analyzed. The most frequently reported motivation for participating in surveillance was the possible early detection of (a precursor stage of) cancer (95–100%). Only a minority of respondents experienced MRI and EUS as uncomfortable (10% and 11%, respectively), and respondents dreaded their next EUS investigation less as surveillance progressed. Respondents' cancer worries decreased significantly over time, and both their anxiety and depression scores remained stable and low over the 3‐year period of follow‐up.ConclusionsThe psychological burden of pancreatic surveillance is low at all assessments. Therefore, from a psychological point of view, participation of high‐risk individuals in an annual pancreatic surveillance program is feasible.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation Chronology of Arsain Pingo, Darhad Basin, Northern Mongolia
Authors: Ishikawa Mamoru , Yamkhin Jambaljav 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNumerous frost mounds exist on the meander belt and alluvial fan around Arsain Gol River in Darhad basin, northern Mongolia, at the southern fringe of the north‐eastern Eurasian permafrost zone. In this environment, abundant water supply and inter‐permafrost taliks may allow the development of artesian pressure that leads to groundwater upwelling. The aim of this study was to determine the formation chronology of pingos in this region. The Arsain pingo was drilled to a depth of 35 m to determine the stratigraphy, and data were collected on ground‐ice stable isotopic composition, electrical resistivity, ground temperature, and radiocarbon dating and interpreted in conjunction with the chronology of paleo‐lake retreat in the basin. A 10 m thick ice core sandwiched between fine‐grained lacustrine sediments was identified by drilling and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Stable isotope values of ice core samples indicated Rayleigh‐type isotope fractionation during the freezing of liquid water. Consequently, closed‐system freezing of artesian groundwater appears to be the driving mechanism of pingo formation. Near‐surface, segregated ground ice formed from the open‐system freezing of meteoric water, concurrent with pingo growth. The lake coverage was extensive until about 10,000 years before present (yr bp), and the growth of the Arsain pingo began after 4500 yr bp, when the paleo‐lake was completely drained. The pingo is not presently growing because of a limited groundwater supply to feed the ice core. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Task analysis of laparoscopic camera control schemes
Authors: Ellis R. Darin , Munaco Anthony J. , Reisner Luke A. , Klein Michael D. , Composto Anthony M. , Pandya Abhilash K. , King Brady W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive surgeries rely on laparoscopic camera views to guide the procedure. Traditionally, an expert surgical assistant operates the camera. In some cases, a robotic system is used to help position the camera, but the surgeon is required to direct all movements of the system. Some prior research has focused on developing automated robotic camera control systems, but that work has been limited to rudimentary control schemes due to a lack of understanding of how the camera should be moved for different surgical tasks.MethodsThis research used task analysis with a sample of eight expert surgeons to discover and document several salient methods of camera control and their related task contexts.ResultsDesired camera placements and behaviours were established for two common surgical subtasks (suturing and knot tying).ConclusionThe results can be used to develop better robotic control algorithms that will be more responsive to surgeons' needs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DataMill: a distributed heterogeneous infrastructure forrobust experimentation
Authors: Petkovich J. C. , Oliveira A. , Zhang Y. , Reidemeister T. , Fischmeister S. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryEmpirical systems research is facing a dilemma. Minor aspects of an experimental setup can have a significant impact on its associated performance measurements and potentially invalidate conclusions drawn from them. Examples of such influences, often called hidden factors, include binary link order, process environment size, compiler generated randomized symbol names, or group scheduler assignments. The growth in complexity and size of modern systems will further aggravate this dilemma, especially with the given time pressure of producing results. How can one trust any reported empirical analysis of a new idea or concept in computer science? DataMill is a community‐based services‐oriented open benchmarking infrastructure for rigorous performance evaluation. DataMill facilitates producing robust, reliable, and reproducible results. The infrastructure incorporates the latest results on hidden factors and automates the variation of these factors. DataMill is also of interest for research on performance evaluation. The infrastructure supports quantifying the effect of hidden factors, disseminating the research results beyond mere reporting. It provides a platform for investigating interactions and composition of hidden factors. This paper discusses experience earned through creating and using an open benchmarking infrastructure. Multiple research groups participate and have used DataMill. Furthermore, DataMill has been used for a performance competition at the International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV) 2014 and is currently hosting the RV 2015 competition. This paper includes a summary of our experience hosting the first RV competition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.