bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture Sorption and Hygroexpansion of Paraffin Wax Emulsion–Treated Southern Pine (Pinus spp.) under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Chau ThiThanh , Ma Erni , Yang Tiantian , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Moisture sorption and hygroexpansion of southern pine (Pinus spp.) treated with 0.5, 1, and 2 percent concentrations of paraffin wax emulsion (PWE) under dynamic conditions were investigated. The specimens, 4 and 10 mm along the grain and 20 mm in radial and tangential directions, were exposed to sinusoidal relative humidity (RH) between 45 and 75 percent at 30°C for cyclic periods of 1, 6, and 24 hours, respectively. Moisture changes and lateral dimensional changes were measured during the cycling. The moisture and dimensional responses of the specimens varied sinusoidally as well. The amplitude of moisture and the moisture sorption coefficient decreased with increasing PWE concentration treatment, leading to moisture-repellent effectiveness (MRE) values ranging from 10 to 66 percent. The list of amplitudes of dimensional change and the humidity expansion coefficient were lower in the PWE-treated wood, reflecting the antideformation effectiveness (ADE) of PWE treatment. Moisture and lateral dimension changes lagged behind RH, and the phase lag increased with an increase in PWE concentration, indicating that PWE treatment had efficient effects not only on reducing the amount but also on slowing the rate of the sorptive and hygroexpansive behavior of wood. Notably, values of MRE and ADE herein were greater than those obtained under static conditions by a previous study, i.e., PWE presented better moisture repellency and dimensional stabilizing performance of wood in dynamic environments for more practical applications.
Critical thinking tendencies and communication skills of midwifery students: A follow-up study by years<p>Ebelik öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ve iletişim becerileri: Yıllara göre izlem çalışması
Authors: Ertekin Pınar Şükran , Duran Aksoy Özlem , Cesur Büşra , Dağlar Gülseren 
Published: April 2017

The study was conducted to examine critical thinking tendencies and communication skills of midwifery students by years. The sample of the study consists of 56 midwifery students who study between 2012 and 2016 education periods. The data were collected with Personal Information Form, the Communication Skills Assessment Scale (CSAS) and the California Critical Thinking Tendency Scale (CCTTS). CSAS average score was found as 101.66±8.30 in the first follow-up, as 96.66±13.85 in the fifth follow-up. Total CCTTS average score was found as 222.70±24.77 in the first follow-up, as 218.04±26.60 in the fifth follow-up. In the study, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.002) in CSAS measurements. In analytical dimension which is from CCTTS sub-groups, there was a statistical significant difference between groups (p=0.000) in measurements. 75% of the students in the first follow-up, 73.2% in the second and third follow-up, 82.1% in the fourth follow-up and 76.8% in the fifth follow-up tend to have a low level of critical thinking. Communication skills assessment of midwifery students' is high but the majority have a low tendency to think critically. Assessment of communication skills in the first and the second follow-ups and their tendencies of critical thinking on the analytical dimension in the first follow-ups are higher. ÖzetAraştırma ebelik bölümünde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ve iletişim becerilerinin yıllara göre incelenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Örneklemi 2012-2016 eğitim öğretim döneminde ebelik bölümüne devam eden 56 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İletişim Becerilerini Değerlendirme Ölçeği (İBDÖ) ve Kalifornia Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimleri Ölçeği (KEDEÖ) ile toplanmıştır. İBDÖ puan ortalaması birinci izlemde 101.66±8.30, beşinci izlemde 96.66±13.85 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplam KEDEÖ puan ortalaması birinci izlemde 222.70±24.77, beşinci izlemde 218.04±26.60’dır. Araştırmada İBDÖ’nin izlemler sırasındaki ölçümlerinde gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu (p=0.002) bulunmuştur. KEDEÖ alt boyutlarından analitiklik boyutunda izlemler sırasındaki ölçümlerde gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu (p=0.000) saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin birinci izlemde %75’i, ikinci ve üçüncü izlemde %73.2’si, dördüncü izlemde %82.1’i ve beşinci izlemde %76.8’i düşük düzeyde eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerine sahiptir. Ebelik öğrencilerinin iletişim becerilerini değerlendirmesi yüksek, çoğunluğunun eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri düşüktür. Birinci ve ikinci izlemde iletişim becerilerini değerlendirmeleri, birinci izlemde de analitik boyutta eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri yüksektir.
Growth performance, productivity and diseases susceptibility of barley varieties in Slovenia within the Cobra project’s site comparison
Authors: Grobelnik Mlakar Silva , Jakop Manfred , Robačer Martina , Bavec Martina , Bavec Franc 
Published: April 2017

Abstract Different plant genotypes react differently in different climates. A field experiment was carried out to estimate the growth performance, productivity and diseases susceptibility of spring barley varieties in the Slovenian climate. We received some varieties, mainly of Nordic origin, from the Technical University of Denmark, a COBRA project partner, which were previously tested in estimated future climate in RERAF phytotron. Varieties of the highest grain yield (3,993 kg ha-1 in ‘Evergreen’ to 5,146 kg ha-1 in ‘Sebastian’) were rather shorter (58.7 cm to 67.1 cm) and mostly had the highest specific grain weight (54.3 to 58.6 kg 100 L-1) and 1000-kernel weight (30.2 to 37.1 g). They developed 1,561 to 2,532 tillers m-2 and 515 to 840 ears m-2 and reached a heading stage between 13th and 25th of May. The tested varieties seem rather insusceptible to most common diseases, but susceptible to cereal leaf beetle attacks.
Impact of salt reduction on the number of microorganisms and a sensory analysis for Kranjska sausages during their shelf-life
Authors: Tušar Livija , Kropf Irena Leonida , Cencič Avrelija 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSalt is an important ingredient in the production of meat product. Any reduction of salt requires a special treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salt reduction on the growth of microorganisms in Kranjska sausages during their shell-life and to carry out a sensory assessment. The 18 lots of sausages were prepared under salt-reduced (1.6%) and control (2.3%) salt concentrations, directly on the production line. A total of 85 sausages were analysed and the data were used for the comparisons of groups (ANOVA) and to detect the significant variables (polynomial models) influenced on the total number of microorganisms (TNMs). The significant differences were determined between the lots (representing the microbiological status of the stuffing), between the salt-reduced samples and control samples, and between the different humidity levels. The correlations and significant relationships were determined between the TNMs and the lots, the salt concentrations, and the relative humidity. The polynomial models were to general to be used for the prediction. For sensory analysis implemented on 40thday 18 sausages were assessed. The reduction of salt resulted in lower scores in the sensory evaluation. The less-salted sausages contained more microorganisms.
In vitro tissue culture initiation from potted and garden Hydrangea macrophylla explants
Authors: Šiško Metka 
Published: April 2017

Abstract The effect of sterilisation treatments on the initiation of the culture of three Hydrangea macrophylla genotypes in vitro was studied. The results indicated difference among different disinfection treatment; the consequence of treatments with dichloroisocyanuric acid, in combination with silver nitrate, was a significantly higher survival rate comparing to treatments based on NaOCl. Success of sterilisation was significantly influenced by studied genotypes. Two potted hydrangea genotypes (G2 and G3) showed higher survival rate (45.00 %, 55.00 %, respectively) comparing to the genotype 1 (originated from a local garden), which exhibited the highest percentage of contamination rate (58.75 %). Culturing the explants on a McCown woody plant medium supplemented with BAP at 2 mg/L and NAA at 0.005 mg/L produced the highest number of shoots with multiplication rate of 1.31 in 5 weeks. The highest rooting percentage (100.00 %) was obtained with the genotype 2 on a McCown woody plant medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA.
Multipliers of Uniform Topological Algebras
Authors: Azhari Mohammed El 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Let E be a complete uniform topological algebra with Arens-Michael normed factors within an algebra isomorphism ϕ. If each factor Eα is complete, then every multiplier of E is continuous and ϕ is a topological algebra isomorphism where M(E) is endowed with its seminorm topology.
Generation Alpha: Marketing or Science
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Kölcsey Attila 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The transition from the limited information environment to the extended information world has fundamentally transformed the communication and information-gathering processes. The new learning spheres (non-formal and informal learning, i.e. lifelong learning) require rethinking learning strategies.
Purpose: The generation logic and knowledge of different generations can help making the learning process more effective and efficient. It also helps, if we know which generation exists and which one is a “fictious generation”. According to theory of Mannheim and the model of Prensky, we can describe Generation X, Y and Z, but now the name of the next generation is being established.
Methods: With the help of traditional desk research, such as literature search, data mining and web search, this article covers the origin of Generation Alpha (Alfa), the possible characteristics attributed to this age group, and tries to discern if this concept is meaningful in terms of the generation paradigm.
Conclusions: Overall, it is apparent that while the existence of X, Y, and Z generations is demonstrable, the naming and characterizing the Alfa generation is important for marketing purposes, scientifically there is no evidence for “Generation Alpha”.
A morphological study on the dioecious endemic Erodium somanum H. Peşmen (Geraniaceae), critically endangered in Turkey
Authors: Oskay Dilek 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Morphological features of the endemic Erodium somanum are investigated based on the specimens collected from natural populations from Soma in Manisa. Almost all morphological characteristics are expanded and some morphological characteristics are firstly determined in this study. E. somanum is a dioecious species and in this study drawings of male and female individuals are given for the first time. An umbel is 3-5 flowered in female plants and 6-11 flowered in male plants, pedicels accrescent to 20-25 mm in fruit. Flower morphology was identified in detail and drawings are given for the first time. Stigma color ranges from yellow to red in populations. The fruit is long-beaked 4.8-8 cm, stout and adpressed pilose, glandular below. Mericarp morphology investigated for fruit characters has a special diagnostic value for systematic studies. The mericarp micromorphology and seed micromorphology were determined for the first time. Mericarp size 9-12 mm, mericarps have two apical shallow pits (foveoles) without furrow beneath. Mericarp surface ornamentation is foveate with crowded bristles of dissimilar size, some longer and others shorter. Mericarp pit is crowded with eglandular hairs and some sparse, long-stalked glands which are also at the start of the awn. Seed size is 4.5-6×1.5-2 mm, seed type is narrowly ovate, seed surface is ruminate.
The 99th percentile of reference population for cTnI and cTnT assay: methodology, pathophysiology and clinical implications
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Zaninotto Martina , Ripoli Andrea , Masotti Silvia , Prontera Concetta , Passino Claudio , Plebani Mario 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAccording to recent international guidelines, including the 2012 Third Universal Definiton of Myocardial Infarction by the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force, an increase in cardiac troponin (cTn) levels over the 99th percentile upper reference limit (99th URL) should be considered clinically relevant, this cut-off being measured with an imprecision ≤10 CV%. In theory 99th URL values strongly depend not only on demographic and physiological variables (i.e. criteria for considering the reference population “healthy”), but also on the analytical performance of cTn methods and mathematical algorithms used for the calculation. The aim of the present article was therefore to review the methodological and pathophysiological factors affecting the evaluation and calculation of the 99th URL for cTn assay. The critical analysis made showed that no uniform procedure is followed, and nor have experts or regulatory bodies provided uniform guidelines for researchers or cTn assays manufacturers as an aid in “their quest to define normality”. In particular, little attention has been paid to the way in which a healthy reference population is to be selected, or the criteria for calculating the 99th URL value for cTn assays, thus highlighting the need for international recommendations not only for demographic and physiological variables criteria for defining a healthy reference population, but also for calculating mathematical algorithms for establishing/calculating clinical decision values. An expert consensus group, comprising laboratory and clinical scientists, biomedical statisticians, industrial and regulatory representatives, should be responsible for drawing up these guidelines.
A candidate liquid chromatography mass spectrometry reference method for the quantification of the cardiac marker 1-32 B-type natriuretic peptide
Authors: Torma Attila F. , Groves Kate , Biesenbruch Sabine , Mussell Chris , Reid Alan , Ellison Steve , Cramer Rainer , Quaglia Milena 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a 32 amino acid cardiac hormone routinely measured by immunoassays to diagnose heart failure. While it is reported that immunoassay results can vary up to 45%, no attempt of standardization and/or harmonization through the development of certified reference materials (CRMs) or reference measurement procedures (RMPs) has yet been carried out.Methods:B-type natriuretic peptide primary calibrator was quantified traceably to the International System of Units (SI) by both amino acid analysis and tryptic digestion. A method for the stabilization of BNP in plasma followed by protein precipitation, solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry (MS) was then developed and validated for the quantification of BNP at clinically relevant concentrations (15–150 fmol/g).Results:The candidate reference method was applied to the quantification of BNP in a number of samples from the UK NEQAS Cardiac Markers Scheme to demonstrate its applicability to generate reference values and to preliminary evaluate the commutability of a potential CRM. The results from the reference method were consistently lower than the immunoassay results and discrepancy between the immunoassays was observed confirming previous data.Conclusions:The application of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to the UK NEQAS samples and the correlation of the results with the immunoassay results shows the potential of the method to support external quality assessment schemes, to improve understanding of the bias of the assays and to establish RMPs for BNP measurements. Furthermore, the method has the potential to be multiplexed for monitoring circulating truncated forms of BNP.
An introduction to the edition of two Lemaître’s original manuscripts
Authors: Maere Catherine de , Lambert Dominique 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explain the contributions of G. Lemaître to Spinor Theory. At the end of the paper, we edited also, for the first time two short manuscripts: Spineurs et Quanta and Les spineurs et la physique quantique, written by Lemaître in December 1955 and in January 1956. This edition is a way of honouring Professor Michael Heller because he was the first, with Professor Odon Godart, who discovered, classified and published unedited manuscripts of G. Lemaître.
Revealing Employer’s Name in Social Networks
Authors: Sander Tom , Pūķe Ieva , Sloka Biruta 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe research investigates the question of the importance of mentioning the name of the employer in online and offline social networks. The exchange of information is an important part of social networks and social capital theory. Companies can use the networks of their employees to recruit new hires and to check habits and interests of likely new employees. To do that, the employee has to mention the name of the company in these social networks. The paper compares different real social networks used by family and friends and private and business social network sites (SNSs) as online social networks and compares the differences between men and women. The empirical research has been done by a survey. The survey data are analysed using the main indicators of descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test and cross tables. The results of the research reveal that real social networks are more accepted than virtual social networks. The difference in use of social networks between genders is confirmed.
Criteria for Defining Tax Evasion as Tax Terrorism
Authors: Jurušs Māris 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There are significant losses in tax revenues across the European Union (EU). National governments lose billions of euros in the revenues from non-paid taxes and other illegal activities. The fight against aggressive tax planning, tax fraud and illegal activities is on the agenda of the EU, OECD and all the national governments. However, due to the size of tax losses it should not be treated just as tax evasion, but rather as tax terrorism! Therefore, the author has set criteria when tax evasion should be named as “tax terrorism” as well as designed the principles for tackling tax terrorism and other ways of non-payment of taxes. The tax evasion could be treated as “tax terrorism” in case of international evasion from taxes by organized groups of persons for criminal purposes as well as when it creates significant losses in government revenues. The term “tax terrorism” would have impact to communication and cause response of society and politics, therefore it would have more social and political consequences.
Comparison of E-Trust and Trust Concepts in Online and Offline Dimensions
Authors: Radionova-Girsa Elina , Lahiža Agnesa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In everyday lives, we more and more use different technology products to make our lives easier and faster. We often do not realise that we are switching our lifestyles to the online platform - we do everything mostly online - meet and communicate with others, watch videos and listen to favourite songs, choose and buy different things. The main question is - can we trust everything that we see on the screen? Is the explanation of “trust” the same in real life and in online sphere? Authors of the paper compare the concept of “trust” in offline trade market with that in online trading. The following methods were used - literature study and analysis, consumer survey and statistical analysis. Consumer survey is already in the process and is to be continued during the next 2 years with the purpose to compare changes through years. Participants of the survey are the inhabitants of Latvia of different age groups, location, profession, etc. The authors have continued the survey to make it more complete and to find out new tendencies. It is possible to use the research results in both ways ‒ theoretical and practical in respect of choosing an effective communication with consumers, in creating a long-term relationship with them, and in regard to increasing the customer loyalty level and level of “trust”.
Numerical study of chemically reacting unsteady Casson fluid flow past a stretching surface with cross diffusion and thermal radiation
Authors: Pushpalatha K. , Ramana Reddy J.V. , Sugunamma V. , Sandeep N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe problem of an unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow towards a stretching surface with cross diffusion effects is considered. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations. Further, these equations have been solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta fourth order method along with shooting technique. Finally, we studied the influence of various non-dimensional governing parameters on the flow field through graphs and tables. Results indicate that Dufour and Soret numbers have tendency to enhance the fluid velocity. It is also found that Soret number enhances the heat transfer rate where as an opposite result is observed with Casson parameter. A comparison of the present results with the previous literature is also tabulated to show the accuracy of the results.
Systematic evaluation of pH and thermoresponsive poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-chitosan-fluorescein) microgel
Authors: Hernández Pedro , Lucero-Acuña Armando , Gutiérrez-Valenzuela Cindy Alejandra , Moreno Ramón , Esquivel Reynaldo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe interesting properties of stimuli-responsive polymers lead to a wide range of possibilities in design and engineering of functional material for the biomedical application. A systematic approach focused on the evaluation of the physical properties of multiresponse (pH and temperature) PNIPAM was reported in this work. The effect of three different molar ratios of poly(n-isopropylacrylamide): chitosan (1:49, 1:99 and 1:198) were evaluated and labeled correspondingly as PC1F, PC2F, and PC3F. An increase in the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of sample PC1F (34°C) was observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The presence of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) full-interpenetrating polymer (Full-IPN) segments in poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The hydrogel’s water capture was analyzed by two models of swelling, the power law model and a model that considers the relaxation of polymeric chains of the hydrogel, finding good correlations with experimental data in both cases. Sample PC3F resulted with higher swellability, increasing the weight of the hydrogel around seven times. Hydrogel pH-sensibility was confirmed placing the samples at different pH environments, with an apparent increase in swellability for acidic conditions, confirming the highest swellability for sample PC3F, due to hydrogen bonds boosted by chitosan high molar ratio. Based on these results, the hydrogel obtained has potential as a thermo-pH triggered hydrogel in drug delivery applications.