bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theta and high-beta networks for feedback processing: a simultaneous EEG–fMRI study in healthy male subjects
Authors: Andreou C , Frielinghaus H , Rauh J , Mußmann M , Vauth S , Braun P , Leicht G , Mulert C 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe reward system is important in assessing outcomes to guide behavior. To achieve these purposes, its core components interact with several brain areas involved in cognitive and emotional processing. A key mechanism suggested to subserve these interactions is oscillatory activity, with a prominent role of theta and high-beta oscillations. The present study used single-trial coupling of simultaneously recorded electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate networks associated with oscillatory responses to feedback during a two-choice gambling task in healthy male participants (n=19). Differential associations of theta and high-beta oscillations with non-overlapping brain networks were observed: Increase of high-beta power in response to positive feedback was associated with activations in a largely subcortical network encompassing core areas of the reward network. In contrast, theta-band power increase upon loss was associated with activations in a frontoparietal network that included the anterior cingulate cortex. Trait impulsivity correlated significantly with activations in areas of the theta-associated network. Our results suggest that positive and negative feedback is processed by separate brain networks associated with different cognitive functions. Communication within these networks is mediated by oscillations of different frequency, possibly reflecting different modes of dopaminergic signaling.
Glucose deficit triggers tau pathology and synaptic dysfunction in a tauopathy mouse model
Authors: Lauretti E , Li J-G , Di Meco A , Praticò D 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClinical investigations have highlighted a biological link between reduced brain glucose metabolism and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies showed that glucose deprivation may influence amyloid beta formation in vivo but no data are available on the effect that this condition might have on tau protein metabolism. In the current paper, we investigated the effect of glucose deficit on tau phosphorylation, memory and learning, and synaptic function in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy, the h-tau mice. Compared with controls, h-tau mice with brain glucose deficit showed significant memory impairments, reduction of synaptic long-term potentiation, increased tau phosphorylation, which was mediated by the activation of P38 MAPK Kinase pathway. We believe our studies demonstrate for the first time that reduced glucose availability in the central nervous system directly triggers behavioral deficits by promoting the development of tau neuropathology and synaptic dysfunction. Since restoring brain glucose levels and metabolism could afford the opportunity to positively influence the entire AD phenotype, this approach should be considered as a novel and viable therapy for preventing and/or halting the disease progression.
Multispecies coalescent delimits structure, not species
Authors: Sukumaran Jeet , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Despite its widespread application to the species delimitation problem, our study demonstrates that what the multispecies coalescent actually delimits is structure. The current implementations of species delimitation under the multispecies coalescent do not provide any way for distinguishing between structure due to population-level processes and that due to species boundaries. The overinflation of species due to the misidentification of general genetic structure for species boundaries has profound implications for our understanding of the generation and dynamics of biodiversity, because any ecological or evolutionary studies that rely on species as their fundamental units will be impacted, as well as the very existence of this biodiversity, because conservation planning is undermined due to isolated populations incorrectly being treated as distinct species.
Mermin–Wagner fluctuations in 2D amorphous solids
Authors: Illing Bernd , Fritschi Sebastian , Kaiser Herbert , Klix Christian L. , Maret Georg , Keim Peter 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Reducing dimensionality often entails striking new physics, as, e.g., the Quantum Hall effect in 2D electron systems or the different recurrence probabilities of random walks in various dimensions. In addition, phase transitions in 2D and 3D differ significantly: Long before graphene came into focus, theories for melting of 2D crystals were developed and probed with colloidal monolayers. In 2D, the crystalline and fluid phase is separated by a so-called hexatic phase, unknown in 3D. Furthermore, 2D crystals exhibit instabilities on large length scales. Here, we show that those instabilities also exist in 2D amorphous solids, but do not melt them—a topic that emerged only recently, 50 y after the prediction in 2D crystals by D. Mermin and H. Wagner.
Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China
Authors: Xu Weihua , Xiao Yi , Zhang Jingjing , Yang Wu , Zhang Lu , Hull Vanessa , Wang Zhi , Zheng Hua , Liu Jianguo , Polasky Stephen , Jiang Ling , Xiao Yang , Shi Xuewei , Rao Enming , Lu Fei , Wang Xiaoke , Daily Gretchen C. , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Following severe environmental degradation from rapid economic development, China is now advancing policies to secure biodiversity and ecosystem services. We report the first nationwide assessment, showing that protected areas (PAs) are not well delineated to protect either biodiversity or key ecosystem services. This serious deficiency exists in many countries. We propose creating a national park system in China to help guide development along a path of green growth, improving the well-being of both people and nature. This involves establishing new, strictly protected PAs for biodiversity and ecosystem services that are highly sensitive to human impacts, as well as a new PA category—in China and ideally worldwide—for integrating biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human activities to achieve sustainable development goals.
Emergence of function from coordinated cells in a tissue
Authors: Rajapakse Indika , Smale Stephen 
Published: January 2017

Significance
A basic problem in biology is understanding how information from a single genome gives rise to function in a mature multicellular tissue. Genome dynamics stabilize to give rise to a protein distribution in a given cell type, which in turn gives rise to the identity of a cell. We build a highly idealized mathematical foundation that combines the genome (within cell) and the diffusion (between cell) dynamical forces. The trade-off between these forces gives rise to the emergence of function. We define emergence as the coordinated effect of individual components that establishes an objective not possible for an individual component. Our setting of emergence may further our understanding of normal tissue function and dysfunctional states such as cancer.
cGAS is essential for the antitumor effect of immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Wang Hua , Hu Shuiqing , Chen Xiang , Shi Heping , Chen Chuo , Sun Lijun , Chen Zhijian J. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The recent success of immune checkpoint blockades, such as the use of antibodies against CTLA4, PD-1, and PD-L1 in cancer therapies has reinvigorated the concept of intrinsic antitumor immunity, but how the immune system detects tumors and generates antitumor immunity is still not well understood. Here we showed that the PD-L1 blockade lost its antitumor effects in mice lacking the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS, suggesting that cGAS is essential for intrinsic antitumor immunity. Further, we showed that the cGAS product cGAMP has strong antitumor effects, especially when it is combined with the PD-L1 antibody. These results demonstrate that cGAS plays a pivotal role in cancer immunity and that cGAMP and its derivatives may be used directly for cancer immunotherapy.
Crystal structure of eukaryotic ribosome and its complexes with inhibitors
Authors: Yusupova Gulnara , Yusupov Marat 
Published: January 2017

A high-resolution structure of the eukaryotic ribosome has been determined and has led to increased interest in studying protein biosynthesis and regulation of biosynthesis in cells. The functional complexes of the ribosome crystals obtained from bacteria and yeast have permitted researchers to identify the precise residue positions in different states of ribosome function. This knowledge, together with electron microscopy studies, enhances our understanding of how basic ribosome processes, including mRNA decoding, peptide bond formation, mRNA, and tRNA translocation and cotranslational transport of the nascent peptide, are regulated. In this review, we discuss the crystal structure of the entire 80S ribosome from yeast, which reveals its eukaryotic-specific features, and application of X-ray crystallography of the 80S ribosome for investigation of the binding mode for distinct compounds known to inhibit or modulate the protein-translation function of the ribosome. We also refer to a challenging aspect of the structural study of ribosomes, from higher eukaryotes, where the structures of major distinctive features of higher eukaryote ribosome—the high-eukaryote–specific long ribosomal RNA segments (about 1MDa)—remain unresolved. Presently, the structures of the major part of these high-eukaryotic expansion ribosomal RNA segments still remain unresolved.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Perspectives on the ribosome’.
What is meant by adaptability in buildings?
Authors: Pinder James A. , Schmidt Rob , Austin Simon A. , Gibb Alistair , Saker Jim 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Despite being a common term in the literature, there is little agreement about what the word “adaptability” means in the context of the built environment and very little evidence regarding practitioners’ understanding of adaptability. This paper aims to examine what practitioners in the building industry mean when they talk about “adaptability”.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a qualitative approach, involving 82 unstructured face-to-face interviews with practitioners from a range of professional disciplines in the construction industry, including architects, engineers, facilities managers, property agents and planners. The interview transcripts were coded inductively to identify themes in the qualitative data.

Findings
The interview data revealed a wide range of perspectives on adaptability, particularly regarding terminology, the meanings practitioners associate with adaptability and the way in which these meanings are communicated to others in the industry. The applied meaning of adaptability varied depending on context.

Practical implications
Conflicting language, and different interpretations of adaptability, is a potential barrier to the development of adaptable buildings. A clearer articulation of the meaning of adaptability (particularly by clients) during briefing and design could give rise to a more appropriate level of adaptability in the built environment.

Originality/value
This study has addressed a gap in the existing literature by foregrounding the voices of industry practitioners and exploring their (sometimes very different) interpretations of adaptability in buildings.
Strategic core change, faultlines and team flux: insight from punctuated equilibrium model
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liang Qiaozhuan , Fan Peihua 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Combining the punctuated equilibrium theory with the faultline theory, the purpose of this paper is to focus on member change of strategic core role holders in teams.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors test the model using data from 30 National Basketball Association teams covering 11 regular seasons, carrying out regression analyses.

Findings
This research illustrates how different types of job-related skills of core role holders that involved in member change might influence the team performance loss, and how team demographic faultlines would serve as a moderator.

Practical implications
This research demonstrates that punctuational change in a team is not always bad, flux in coordination and team performance loss could be avoided by staffing strategic core role based on specific job-related skill levels and manipulating team composition based on demographic attributes.

Originality/value
The research model initially provides an integrated perspective of member change, core role and faultline theory to explain the team process for punctuational change.
Constitutional courts as veto players: Lessons from the United States, France and Germany
Authors: BROUARD SYLVAIN , HÖNNIGE CHRISTOPH 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe number of constitutional courts and supreme courts with constitutional review rights has strongly increased with the third wave of democratisation across the world as an important element of the new constitutionalism. These courts play an important role in day‐to‐day politics as they can nullify acts of parliament and thus prevent or reverse a change in the status quo. In macro‐concepts of comparative politics, their role is unclear. Either they are integrated as counter‐majoritarian institutional features of a political system or they are entirely ignored: some authors do not discuss their potential impact at all, while others dismiss them because they believe their preferences as veto players are entirely absorbed by other actors in the political system. However, we know little about the conditions and variables that determine them as being counter‐majoritarian or veto players. This article employs the concept of Tsebelis’ veto player theory to analyse the question. It focuses on the spatial configuration of veto players in the legislative process and then adds the court as an additional player to find out if it is absorbed in the pareto‐efficient set of the existing players or not. A court which is absorbed by other veto players should not in theory veto new legislation. It is argued in this article that courts are conditional veto players. Their veto is dependent on three variables: the ideological composition of the court; the pattern of government control; and the legislative procedures. To empirically support the analysis, data from the United States, France and Germany from 1974 to 2009 is used. This case selection increases variance with regard to system types and court types. The main finding is that courts are not always absorbed as veto players: during the period of analysis, absorption varies between 11 and 71 per cent in the three systems. Furthermore, the pattern of absorption is specific in each country due to government control, court majority and legislative procedure. Therefore, it can be concluded that they are conditional veto players. The findings have at least two implications. First, constitutional courts and supreme courts with judicial review rights should be systematically included in veto player analysis of political systems and not left aside. Any concept ignoring such courts may lead to invalid results, and any concept that counts such courts merely as an institutional feature may lead to distorted results that over‐ or under‐estimate their impact. Second, the findings also have implications for the study of judicial politics. The main bulk of literature in this area is concerned with auto‐limitation, the so‐called ‘self‐restraint’ of the government to avoid defeat at the court. This auto‐limitation, however, should only occur if a court is not absorbed. However, vetoes observed when the court is absorbed might be explained by strategic behaviour among judges engaging in selective defection.
Utilization of Oleogels as a Replacement for Solid Fat in Aerated Baked Goods: Physicochemical, Rheological, and Tomographic Characterization
Authors: Kim Joo Young , Lim Jeongtaek , Lee JaeHwan , Hwang Hong‐Sik , Lee Suyong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCanola oil‐carnauba wax oleogels were evaluated as a replacement for shortening in a baked cake system. The use of oleogels produced cake batters with a lower pseudoplastic property and also contributed to their viscous nature. The shortening replacement with oleogels at up to 50% was effective in maintaining the ability to hold air cells into the cake batters. The volume of cakes had an overall tendency to decrease with increasing shortening replacement with oleogels, leading to increased cake firmness. The tomographic analysis demonstrated that the total porosity and fragmentation index were reduced in the oleogel cakes, showing a more connected solid structure. The levels of saturated fatty acids in the cakes containing oleogels were significantly reduced to 13.3%, compared to the control with shortening (74.2%). As a result, the use of oleogels for shortening up to 25% produced cakes with lower levels of saturated fatty acids without quality loss.
Benign features of infection‐related tumor‐like lesions of the lung: A retrospective imaging review study
Authors: Huang Chun‐Chao , Hung Sho‐Ting , Chang Wei‐Chin , Sheu Chin‐Yin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionDifferentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary tumor‐like lesions is challenging but increasingly important. We evaluate the most common imaging features in benign lesions based on the frequency of their appearance and compare with corresponding frequencies in malignant tumors from literature.MethodsRetrospective imaging review study in one center between 1 January 2012 and 30 June 2014. We reviewed the data from 2466 pathological examinations of lung specimens collected from the hospital. We excluded malignant or non‐tumor‐like lesions and identified 133 infection‐related lesions for imaging review. The frequency of 11 benign imaging features was evaluated in the selected infection‐related tumor‐like pulmonary lesions and was compared with corresponding frequency in malignant tumors.ResultsMost of the evaluated lesions were seen to have one to four benign features. The two most common benign features are marginal ground glass or infiltrates (62.4%), followed by pleura‐based wedge shape (50.4%). Features with significantly higher frequency in benign infection‐related lung lesions than malignancy are calcification or hyperdensity, pleura‐based wedge shape, adjacent clustered small nodules, and strongly or poorly enhanced soft tissue part.ConclusionsInfection‐related lung lesions usually have one to four benign features and the common features with significantly higher frequency than malignant condition are pleura‐based wedge shape, calcification or hyperdensity, adjacent clustered small nodules, and strongly or poorly enhanced soft tissue part.
1×1 der Dermatohistologie: Teil 1 – Entzündliche Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Liersch Julia , von Köckritz Amelie , Schaller Jörg 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Dermatohistologie ist von unverzichtbarem Stellenwert in der Diagnostik entzündlicher und neoplastischer Hautveränderungen. Zur richtigen Einordnung und Interpretation der histologischen Befunde, der Durchführung klinisch‐pathologischer Korrelationen (insbesondere bei entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen) sowie für die Wahl der richtigen Exzisionsmethode sind grundlegende Kenntnisse in der Dermatohistologie für den praktisch tätigen Dermatologen wertvoll und steigern die diagnostische Qualität. In diesem Artikel wird die Vorgehensweise des Dermatopathologen in der Diagnostik entzündlicher Dermatosen beschrieben. Anhand wichtiger histologischer Grundmuster werden die Grundprinzipien der dermatohistologischen Diagnostik erläutert. Ein folgender zweiter Teil wird die histologischen Charakteristika der häufigsten Hauttumoren darstellen.
Virulence‐dependent induction of interleukin‐10‐producing‐tolerogenic dendritic cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis impedes optimal T helper type 1 proliferation
Authors: Kim Hongmin , Kwon Kee Woong , Kim Woo Sik , Shin Sung Jae 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits optimal T helper type 1 (Th1) responses during infection. However, the precise mechanisms by which virulent M. tuberculosis limits Th1 responses remain unclear. Here, we infected dendritic cells (DCs) with the virulent M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv or the attenuated strain H37Ra to investigate the phenotypic and functional alterations in DCs and resultant T‐cell responses. H37Rv‐infected DCs suppressed Th1 responses more strongly than H37Ra‐infected DCs. Interestingly, H37Rv, but not H37Ra, impaired DC surface molecule expression (CD80, CD86 and MHC class II) due to prominent interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) production while augmenting the expression of tolerogenic molecules including PD‐L1, CD103, Tim‐3 and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase on DCs in a multiplicity‐of‐infection (MOI) ‐dependent manner. These results indicate that virulent M. tuberculosis drives immature DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype. Notably, the tolerogenic phenotype of H37Rv‐infected DCs was blocked in DCs generated from IL‐10−/− mice or DCs treated with an IL‐10‐neutralizing monoclonal antibody, leading to restoration of Th1 polarization. These findings suggest that IL‐10 induces a tolerogenic DC phenotype. Interestingly, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation predominantly mediates IL‐10 production; hence, H37Rv tends to induce a tolerogenic DC phenotype through expression of tolerogenic molecules in the p38 MAPK–IL‐10 axis. Therefore, suppressing the tolerogenic cascade in DCs is a novel strategy for stimulating optimal protective T‐cell responses against M. tuberculosis infection.
The psychometric properties of the 5‐item gratitude questionnaire in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Zeng Y. , Ling Y. , Huebner E. S. , He Y. , Lei X. 
Published: January 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The GQ‐6 is one of the most widely used self‐report questionnaires to evaluate the level of gratitude among adults. The GQ‐5 appears suitable for adolescents.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

We developed a Chinese version of the GQ‐5 and examined evidence for its reliability and validity. Results demonstrated adequate reliability and validity, indicating that it is appropriate for the assessment of gratitude in Chinese adolescents.

In addition, Chinese early adolescent females reported higher gratitude than adolescent males.

What are the implications for practice?

Screening adolescents who have lower levels of gratitude through the GQ‐5 could help identify students who may benefit from empirically validated interventions to promote higher levels of gratitude in an effort to promote positive psychosocial and academic outcomes.

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the 5‐item Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ‐5).MethodThe sample consisted of 2093 middle school students (46.8% males) in mainland China. Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis were performed to examine the factor structure and the measurement equivalence across gender. The convergent validity, Cronbach's α and mean interitem correlations of the GQ‐5 were also evaluated.ResultsThe results provided evidence of internal consistency reliability through a Cronbach's α of 0.812 and a mean interitem correlation of 0.463 for the total sample. The results also supported a one‐dimensional factor structure. In addition, convergent validity was assessed by statistically significant positive correlations between the GQ‐5 and the two subscales of the Children's Hope Scale (CHS) and the Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS) total score. Finally, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis also demonstrated measurement equivalence across gender. Subsequent analyses of latent mean revealed gender differences in early adolescent male and female students.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the GQ‐5 appears to be a reliable and valid measure of gratitude among Chinese early adolescents. Early adolescent female students reported higher gratitude than early adolescent male students.