bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of UK peri‐operative medicine: pre‐operative care
Authors: Bougeard A.‐M. , Brent A. , Swart M. , Snowden C. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe majority of UK hospitals now have a Local Lead for Peri‐operative Medicine (n = 115). They were asked to take part in an online survey to identify provision and practice of pre‐operative assessment and optimisation in the UK. We received 86 completed questionnaires (response rate 75%). Our results demonstrate strengths in provision of shared decision‐making clinics. Fifty‐seven (65%, 95%CI 55.8–75.4%) had clinics for high‐risk surgical patients. However, 80 (93%, 70.2–87.2%) expressed a desire for support and training in shared decision‐making. We asked about management of pre‐operative anaemia, and identified that 69 (80%, 71.5–88.1%) had a screening process for anaemia, with 72% and 68% having access to oral and intravenous iron therapy, respectively. A need for peri‐operative support in managing frailty and cognitive impairment was identified, as few (24%, 6.5–34.5%) respondents indicated that they had access to specific interventions. Respondents were asked to rank their ‘top five’ priority topics in Peri‐operative Medicine from a list of 22. These were: shared decision‐making; peri‐operative team development; frailty screening and its management; postoperative morbidity prediction; and primary care collaboration. We found variation in practice across the UK, and propose to further explore this variation by examining barriers and facilitators to improvement, and highlighting examples of good practice.
Loops D, E and G in the Drosophila Dα1 subunit contribute to high neonicotinoid sensitivity of Dα1‐chicken β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Ihara Makoto , Hikida Mai , Matsushita Hiroyuki , Yamanaka Kyosuke , Kishimoto Yuya , Kubo Kazuki , Watanabe Shun , Sakamoto Mifumi , Matsui Koutaro , Yamaguchi Akihiro , Okuhara Daiki , Furutani Shogo , Sattelle David B , Matsuda Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeNeonicotinoid insecticides interact with the orthosteric site formed at subunit interfaces of insect nicotinic ACh (nACh) receptors. However, their interactions with the orthosteric sites at α–non α and α–α subunit interfaces remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of neonicotinoid actions using the Drosophila Dα1‐chicken β2 hybrid nACh receptor.Experimental ApproachComputer models of the (Dα1)3(β2)2 nACh receptor in complex with imidacloprid and thiacloprid were generated. Amino acids in the Dα1 subunit were mutated to corresponding amino acids in the human α4 subunit to examine their effects on the agonist actions of neonicotinoids on (Dα1)3(β2)2 and (Dα1)2(β2)3 nACh receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using voltage‐clamp electrophysiology.Key ResultsThe (Dα1)3(β2)2 nACh receptor models indicated that amino acids in loops D, E and G probably determine the effects of neonicotinoids. The amino acid mutations tested had minimal effects on the EC50 for ACh. However, the R57S mutation in loop G, although having minimal effect on imidacloprid's actions, reduced the affinity of thiacloprid for the (Dα1)3(β2)2 nACh receptor, while scarcely affecting thiacloprid's action on the (Dα1)2(β2)3 nACh receptor. Both the K140T and the combined R57S;K140T mutations reduced neonicotinoid efficacy but only for the (Dα1)3(β2)2 nACh receptor. Combining the E78K mutation with the R57S;K140T mutations resulted in a selective reduction of thiacloprid's affinity for the (Dα1)3(β2)2 nACh receptor.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings suggest that a triangle of residues from loops D, E and G contribute to the selective actions of neonicotinoids on insect‐vertebrate hybrid nACh receptors.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc
Hierarchical Bayesian Estimation of a Stochastic Plateau Response Function: Determining Optimal Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Ouedraogo Frederic , Brorsen B. Wade 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article seeks to determine the optimal level of nitrogen to apply to winter wheat. The article makes two methodological contributions. One is to extend the estimation of a stochastic plateau function to the case where the plateau has a beta distribution instead of a normal distribution. The second is to adapt hierarchical Bayesian methods as an alternative to the frequentist approach to estimate wheat yield response to nitrogen fertilizer. The economically optimal rate of nitrogen varies between 64 and 169 kg/ha and is consistently higher with the Bayesian method and higher under most scenarios when nonnormality is assumed for the plateau parameter. Based on the likelihood odds ratio, the normal distribution is preferred with maximum likelihood estimation. But, based on the deviance information criterion, the beta model is preferred with the Bayesian estimation.Cet article a pour objectif de déterminer le niveau optimal d'azote à appliquer au blé d'hiver. L'article apporte deux contributions méthodologiques. L'un consiste à étendre l'estimation d'une fonction de plateau stochastique au cas où le plateau a une distribution bêta au lieu d'une distribution normale. La seconde consiste à adapter les méthodes bayésiennes hiérarchiques comme alternative à l'approche classique pour estimer la réponse du rendement du blé à l'engrais azoté. Le taux d'azote économiquement optimal varie entre 64 kg ha‐1 et 169 kg ha‐1 et est toujours plus élevé avec la méthode bayésienne et plus élevé dans la plupart des scénarios lorsque la non‐normalité est supposée pour le paramètre plateau. Selon le rapport de probabilité, la distribution normale est préférée avec l'estimation du maximum de vraisemblance. Mais, en fonction du critère d'information de déviance, le modèle bêta est préféré en utilisant la méthode d'estimation bayésienne.
A systematic review of segmental vs subtotal colectomy and subtotal colectomy vs total proctocolectomy for colonic Crohn's disease
Authors: Angriman I. , Pirozzolo G. , Bardini R. , Cavallin F. , Castoro C. , Scarpa M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimSurgical management of colonic Crohn's disease (CD) is still unclear because different procedures can be adopted. The choice of operation is dependent on the involvement of colonic disease but the advantages and disadvantages of the extent of resection are still debated.MethodThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the differences in short‐term and long‐term outcomes of adult patients with colonic CD who underwent either subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (STC) or segmental colectomy (SC) or total proctocolectomy and end ileostomy (TPC). Studies published between 1984 and 2012 including comparisons of STC vs SC and of STC vs TPC were selected. The study end‐points were overall and surgical recurrence, postoperative morbidity and incidence of permanent stoma. Fixed effect models were used to evaluate the study outcomes.ResultsEleven studies, consisting of a total of 1436 patients (510 STC, 500 SC and 426 TPC), were included. Analysis of the data showed no significant difference between STC and SC in terms of overall and surgical recurrence of CD. In contrast, STC showed a higher risk of overall and surgical recurrence of CD than TPC (OR 3.53, 95% CI 2.45–5.10, P < 0.0001; OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.27–5.44, P < 0.0001, respectively). SC had a higher risk of postoperative complications compared to STC, and STC had a lower risk of complications than TPC (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.16–6.96, P < 0.02; OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09–0.38, P < 0.0001, respectively). SC resulted in a lower risk of permanent stoma than STC (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.77).ConclusionAll three procedures were equally effective as treatment options for colonic CD and the choice of operation remains intrinsically dependent on the extent of colonic disease. However, patients in the TPC group showed a lower recurrence risk than those in the STC group. Moreover, SC had a higher risk of postoperative complications but a lower risk of permanent stoma. These data should be taken into account when deciding surgical strategies and when informing patients about postoperative risks.
A pedigree‐based experiment reveals variation in salinity and thermal tolerance in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis
Authors: Ljungfeldt Lina Eva Robin , Quintela María , Besnier François , Nilsen Frank , Glover Kevin Alan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe salmon louse is a highly abundant ectoparasitic copepod of salmonids in the North Pacific and Atlantic. Widespread and rapid development of resistance to chemical agents used to delouse salmonids on marine farms is now threatening the continued development of the aquaculture industry and have served as a potent catalyst for the development of alternative pest management strategies. These include freshwater and warm‐water treatments to which the louse is sensitive. However, given the well‐documented evolutionary capacity of this species, the risk of developing tolerance towards these environmental treatments cannot be dismissed. Two common‐garden experiments were performed using full‐sibling families of lice identified by DNA parentage testing to investigate whether one of the fundamental premises for evolution, in this context genetic variation in the capacity of coping with fresh or warm water, exists within this species. Significant differences in survival were observed among families in both experiments, although for the salinity experiment, it was not possible to unequivocally disentangle background mortality from treatment‐induced mortality. Thus, our data demonstrate genetic variation in tolerance of warm water and are suggestive of genetic variation in salinity tolerance. We conclude that extensive use of these environmental‐based treatments to delouse salmonids on commercial farms may drive lice towards increased tolerance.
Predicting anthesis date of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with growing degree‐days at heading
Authors: Abel S. , Byrne S. L. , Asp T. , Boelt B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe agronomic significance of heading date in crop species is well documented; however, the date of anthesis is often less emphasized even though it has important applications for seed quality and yield. Moreover, the relationship between heading and anthesis is not well defined. We propose that growing degree‐days to heading can be used as a good predictor of anthesis date. Using a broad range of 520 diploid perennial ryegrass accessions, anthesis was found to be highly correlated with growing degree‐days to heading, and growing degree‐days to heading could be used to predict anthesis date in historical data sets collected over many years. The ability to adequately predict anthesis will allow seed‐producing farmers to improve seed quality by identifying times when high disease pressure will coincide with anthesis, thus allowing control measures to be applied.
Practical interventions that influence the sensory attributes of red wines related to the phenolic composition of grapes: a review
Authors: Harrison Roland 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe phenolic composition of red wines is complex and intimately involved in colour, taste, mouth‐feel and aroma. There have been significant advances in knowledge of compounds with relatively simple structures, but understanding of those with more complex and probably diverse structures is challenging. A number of phenolic compounds may form temporary complexes with anthocyanins and/or be involved in reactions that lead to relatively stable coloured compounds. A wide range of phenolic compounds is implicated in the oral sensory attributes of red wines. Of particular importance are flavan‐3‐ols, including proanthocyanidins (PAs). The generally observed decline in the extractability of PAs during berry ripening is due to binding with cell wall material, which may occur within the developing berry and also from tissues brought into contact during processing. Studies have shown that exposure/reduced vigour results in an increasing proportion of skin PAs being extractable during wine making. Temperature and light influence anthocyanin with temperature probably being more important and the most sensitive stage being 1–3 weeks after véraison. Skin PAs are extracted earlier than those from seeds during wine‐making. Recent results suggest some rearrangement of skin and/or seed PAs occurs during vinification which involves the cleavage of large polymers or the aggregation of small ones. The polymeric material is particularly influential in wine astringency and is transformed by incorporation of anthocyanins into tannin‐like compounds during wine‐making and storage. Although some grape‐derived phenolic compounds contribute to the aroma of red wines, likely of greater importance are the effects of nonvolatile phenolics on the volatility of a diverse range of aroma compounds. Advances in analytical techniques are likely to provide greater insights into the structures and conformations of phenolic polymers and the role of cell wall material in relation to phenolic extraction and reaction during vinification. In relation to aroma, much more research is required to reveal the details of the interactions involving phenolics with volatile compounds. It seems likely that the ability to influence the relative extraction and subsequent reaction of skin and seed phenolics is important in the production of full colour, aromatic and long‐lived wines.
Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant capacities of polysaccharides obtained from Laminaria japonica by different extraction media in diet‐induced mouse model
Authors: Yao Yujing , Xiang Huan , You Lijun , Cui Chun , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Zhao Mouming 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study shows the industrial feasibility of using aqueous methods to produce antioxidative and hypolipidaemic polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica (LJP). Comparison was firstly made among the polysaccharides prepared using different extraction media, that is water alone (LJPW) and citric acid (LJPC), sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. LJPC enabled the highest extract yield (~11% dry weight), bile salt adsorption rate (~59% dry weight), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 value 1.06 mg mL−1) and ORAC antioxidant activity (341.87 μmol Trolox g−1). In animal trial using diet‐induced high‐fat mice, oral administration of LJP produced with citric acid (LJPC) at a high dose (200 mg kg−1 body mass per day) enabled significantly higher serum HDL‐C, lower LDL‐C/HDL‐C and unaltered LDL‐C, whilst a medium dose (100 mg kg−1 body mass per day) significantly decreased LDL‐C. Administration of LJP produced with water (200 mg kg−1 body mass per day) significantly lowered serum LDL‐C. Therefore, LJP may provide dose‐dependent pharmacological and therapeutic effects to combat atherosclerosis through their hyperlipidaemic and antioxidant properties.
Assessing and comparing the quality of wound centres: a literature review and benchmarking pilot
Authors: Pruim Lotte , Wind Anke , van Harten Wim H. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMultidisciplinary wound centres are currently facing an increase in both the incidence of wounds and the complexity of care. This has resulted in rising costs and increased interest in the effectiveness of treatments. Little evidence is available regarding optimal wound centre organisation and effectiveness; therefore, measuring the quality of wound centres has become more important. This study aims to assess the evidence concerning quality by describing the state of the art of wound centres and organisational effectiveness by developing indicators of quality and by assessing their suitability in a pilot study. A multi‐method approach was used: a literature review performed resulted in the development of an indicator list that was consequently subjected to expert review, and a benchmark study was completed comparing eight wound centres in the Netherlands. We thus provide a description of the relevant state‐of‐the‐art aspects of wound centre organisation, which were multidisciplinary collaborations and standardisation of the organisation of care. In literature, significant patient‐related effects were observed in improved healing rates and decreased costs. A total of 48 indicators were selected. The indicator list was tested by a benchmark study pilot. In practice, the outcome indicators were especially difficult to generate. Six indicators regarding structure, three regarding process and five regarding outcome proved feasible to measure and improve quality of wound centres.
Cordierite glass‐ceramic used for transparent tile glazes
Authors: Peng Chen , Lv Ming , Jing‐Pei Cai , Peng Cheng , Ding Ming‐Jian , Wu Jian‐Qing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study aimed at producing a high transparent and colorless cordierite glass‐ceramic that is used for a tile glaze with a single firing. Crystallization path of glaze, microstructure development, abrasion performance, microhardness, and the transparency of cordierite glass‐ceramic were tested. The results suggested that the high transparency was significantly affected by the number of internal air holes and the crystal scattering loss. The maximum crystalline content of cordierite was nearly 50 wt% at 1200°C. Due to the high crystallization content of cordierite and the bulk crystallization mechanism, the cordierite crystalline glaze has a higher microhardness and abrasion resistance than noncrystalline glaze.
Variations in reporting of outcomes in randomized trials on diet and physical activity in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Rogozińska Ewelina , Marlin Nadine , Yang Fen , Dodd Jodie M. , Guelfi Kym , Teede Helena , Surita Fernanda , Jensen Dorte M. , Geiker Nina R.W. , Astrup Arne , Yeo SeonAe , Kinnunen Tarja I. , Stafne Signe N. , Cecatti Jose G. , Bogaerts Annick , Hauner Hans , Mol Ben W. , Scudeller Tânia T. , Vinter Christina A. , Renault Kristina M. , Devlieger Roland , Thangaratinam Shakila , Khan Khalid S. ,   for the i‐WIP (International Weight Management in Pregnancy) Collaborative Group
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTrials on diet and physical activity in pregnancy report on various outcomes. We aimed to assess the variations in outcomes reported and their quality in trials on lifestyle interventions in pregnancy.MethodsWe searched major databases without language restrictions for randomized controlled trials on diet and physical activity‐based interventions in pregnancy up to March 2015. Two independent reviewers undertook study selection and data extraction. We estimated the percentage of papers reporting ‘critically important’ and ‘important’ outcomes. We defined the quality of reporting as a proportion using a six‐item questionnaire. Regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting this quality.ResultsSixty‐six randomized controlled trials were published in 78 papers (66 main, 12 secondary). Gestational diabetes (57.6%, 38/66), preterm birth (48.5%, 32/66) and cesarian section (60.6%, 40/66), were the commonly reported ‘critically important’ outcomes. Gestational weight gain (84.5%, 56/66) and birth weight (87.9%, 58/66) were reported in most papers, although not considered critically important. The median quality of reporting was 0.60 (interquartile range 0.25, 0.83) for a maximum score of one. Study and journal characteristics did not affect quality.ConclusionMany studies on lifestyle interventions in pregnancy do not report critically important outcomes, highlighting the need for core outcome set development.
Toward a Cognitive View of Signalling Theory: Individual Attention and Signal Set Interpretation
Authors: Drover Will , Wood Matthew S. , Corbett Andrew C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTResearch on organizational signalling tends to focus on the effects of isolated or congruent signals, assuming highly rational responses to those signals. In this study, we theorize about the cognitive processes associated with the attention paid to and interpretation of multiple, often incongruent signals that organizations send to consumers, financiers, and other stakeholders who make organizational assessments. Contributing a cognitive perspective of signal attention and interpretation, alongside the introduction of signal sets, we provide a more complete picture of how organizational signalling unfolds in the field. Our research opens new frontiers for future inquiry into the cognitive foundations of signal attention, multi‐signal interpretation, and incongruent signals.
Renal telemedicine through video‐as‐a‐service delivered to patients on home dialysis: A qualitative study on the renal care team members’ experience
Authors: Ditchburn Jae‐Llane , Marshall Alison 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundThe Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust in the UK has been providing renal care through video‐as‐a‐service (VAAS) to patients since 2013, with support from the North West NHS Shared Infrastructure Service, a collaborative team that supports information and communication technology use in the UK National Health Service.IntroductionRenal telemedicine offered remotely to patients on home dialysis supports renal care through the provision of a live high‐quality video link directly to unsupported patients undergoing haemodialysis at home. Home haemodialysis is known to provide benefits to patients, particularly in making them more independent. The use of a telemedicine video‐link in Lancashire and South Cumbria, UK, further reduces patient dependence on the professional team.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to present the perspectives of the renal care team members using the renal telemedicine service to understand the perceived benefits and issues with the service.MethodTen semi‐structured interviews with members of the renal care team (two renal specialists, one matron, two renal nurses, one business manager, one renal technical services manager, two IT technicians and one hardware maintenance technician) were conducted. Thematic analysis was undertaken to analyse the qualitative data.ResultsA range of incremental benefits to the renal team members were reported, including more efficient use of staff time, reduced travel, peace of mind and a strong sense of job satisfaction. Healthcare staff believed that remote renal care through video was useful, encouraged concordance and could nurture confidence in patients. Key technological issues and adjustments which would improve the renal telemedicine service were also identified.ConclusionThe impact of renal telemedicine was positive on the renal team members. The use of telemedicine has been demonstrated to make home dialysis delivery more efficient and safe. The learning from staff feedback could inform development of services elsewhere.
Literature and Science in Enlightenment Britain: New Directions
Authors: Drury Joseph 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite predictions of its impending doom in the late 1970s, the field of literature and science continues to flourish, especially among scholars of eighteenth‐century British literature. This essay identifies four main areas of research in this field: poetry and performance, fiction, new ontologies, and politics and gender. It argues that although scholars continue to study the influence of scientific ideas on literary texts, the most ambitious new work explores the relationship between science and literature through the analysis of shared rhetorical practices and common epistemological and ontological structures.