bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Intercanthal, Interpupillary, Interalar, and Intercommissural Distance with the Mesiodistal Width of the Maxillary Anteriors: An in vivo Study
Authors: Bangar Bhushan , Nakade Prashant L , Jankar Ajit , Kamble Suresh 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study was conducted for the selection of artificial teeth for edentulous patients with the help of extraoral facial measurement.

Materials and methods
The intercanthal distance, interpupillary distance, interalar distance, intercommissural distance, and width of maxillary six anteriors from a total of 250 subjects were measured clinically. The measurements were made with the help of a digital caliper. Student's t-test was used to find the significance of parameters between male and female. Pearson correlation has been used to find the relation of the parameters.

Results
The total mean of 125 male subjects for intercanthal distance, interpupillary distance, interalar distance, intercommissural distance, and intercanine width was 31.58, 62.27, 34.77, 48.87, and 50.22 mm respectively. However, the total mean of 125 female subjects for intercanthal distance, interpupillary distance, interalar distance, intercommissural distance, intercanine width was 30.58, 61.48, 34.58, 48.20, and 49.34 mm respectively. The paired t-test showed highly significant results in relation to intercanthal distance and width of maxillary six anteriors. However, interalar distance was found to be nonsignificant and interpupillary and intercommissural distance was significant.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that although various methods for the selection of teeth are used, the applicability can vary due to the ethnic differences between populations. The multiplication factor for intercanthal distance, interpupillary distance, interalar distance, intercommissural distance was 1.6, 0.8, 1.4, and 1 in order to obtain the mesiodistal width of maxillary six anteriors respectively, in males and females. The values were greater for men than for women. No significant differences were found between sexes with respect to intercanthal distance.

Clinical significance
Although there are ethnic differences between populations, the proportions/relationships of anatomical landmarks to the teeth remain the same, which helps in the selection of artificial teeth for edentulous patients.

How to cite this article
Bangar B, Nakade PL, Jankar A, Kamble S. Correlation between Intercanthal, Interpupillary, Interalar, and Intercommissural Distance with the Mesiodistal Width of the Maxillary Anteriors: An in vivo Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(4):109-113.
Interoperator Variability in Shade Selection using Two Shade Guides
Authors: Dahane Trupti M , Gupta Ritika , Godbole Surekha Raghunath , Pakhan Ashok J , Sathe Seema , Shukla Anamika , Jibhkate Rasika 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Statement of problem
Research shows that correct shade matching for porcelain restoration cannot be achieved accurately even after using visual shade guides because there is always a noted difference in the visual perception of operators.

Purpose
This study was conducted to compare the interoperator variability in shade selection by visual techniques using VITA Toothguide 3D-Master and Vitapan classical shade guide and then to calculate the amount of percentage in variability in shade selection.

Materials and methods
Three prosthodontists selected the shade of upper right central incisor of 100 patients (age 20—30 years) in a standardized environment. Two shade guides were used—Vitapan classical shade guide and the VITA Toothguide 3D-Master (Vita Zahnfabrik) for shade selection. Each examiner was tested to eliminate color blindness. All teeth were polished before each shade selection, and the selection process was standardized for controlled lighting and procedures. The results were analyzed for repeatability using agreement analysis test, t-test (p = 0.05).

Results
According to the agreement analysis, there was about 14% of interperson variability seen in Vitapan classical shade guide and about 23% in VITA Toothguide 3D-Master.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, the following result was drawn: VITA Toothguide 3D-Master showed higher interperson variability than Vitapan classical shade guide.

How to cite this article
Dahane TM, Gupta R, Godbole SR, Pakhan AJ, Sathe S, Shukla A, Jibhkate R. Interoperator Variability in Shade Selection using Two Shade Guides. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(4):124-128.
Projection and probability of land use change in Zoquiapan, Mexico: considerations for forest management
Authors: Paredes-Gonzalez Adriana , Monterroso-Rivas Alejandro I. , Rodríguez-Esparza Luz J. , Zamudio-Sánchez Francisco J. 
Published: December 2017

Introducción: La dinámica del uso de suelo y cambios de la cubierta vegetal es crucial para la gestión de los recursos naturales. Objetivo: Analizar el cambio de uso de suelo en la microcuenca Zoquiapan, entre 1989 y 2009, y estimar la tendencia de cambio para el año 2020. Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvieron dos imágenes de satélite (21 de marzo del 2009 y 7 de marzo de 1989), correspondientes al sensor Landsat, y se procesaron en el software IDRISI©. Las clases estudiadas fueron bosque, pastizal y uso agrícola. Se aplicó el comando Markov-Markovian transition estimator, para estimar el vector estacionario de la cadena entre los años de estudio y conocer las tendencias futuras de cobertura vegetal. Resultados y discusión: Entre 1989 y 2009, la superficie agrícola y de pastizales se redujo 1.86 y 88.63 ha, respectivamente; la superficie forestal incrementó 90.5 ha. Para el año 2020, la microcuenca Zoquiapan tiene baja probabilidad de cambio. Las probabilidades de permanencia son de 94 % para uso forestal, 88 % para el pastizal y 91 % para la actividad agrícola. Conclusión: La microcuenca Zoquiapan no ha tenido algún cambio significativo de uso de suelo. Las zonas cubiertas por bosques presentan baja probabilidad de cambio, siempre y cuando continúen los esfuerzos de conservación hasta ahora realizados.
Identification of emphysema patterns in high resolution computed tomography images
Authors: Ibrahim Musibau A. , Ojo Oladotun A. , Oluwafisoye Peter A. 
Published: December 2017

Fractal dimension (FD) is a very useful metric for the analysis of image structures with statistically self-similar properties. It has applications in areas such as texture segmentation, shape classification and analysis of medical images. Several approaches can be used for calculating the fractal dimension of digital images; the most popular method is the box-counting method. It is also very challenging and difficult to classify patterns in high resolution computed tomography images (HRCT) using this important descriptor. This paper applied the Holder exponent computation of the local intensity values for detecting the emphysema patterns in HRCT images. The absolute differences between the normal and the abnormal regions in the images are the key for a successful classification of emphysema patterns using the statistical analysis. The results obtained in this paper demonstrated the effectiveness of the predictive power of the features extracted from the Holder exponent in the analysis and classification of HRCT images. The overall classification accuracy achieved in lung tissue layers is greater than 90%, which is an evidence to prove the effectiveness of the methods investigated in this paper.
Dams effects on potamodromous Prochilodus magdalenae: evidence from endocrine response
Authors: De Fex-Wolf Daniela , López-Casas Silvia , Jiménez-Segura Luz Fernanda , Pérez-Gallego Clara María 
Published: December 2017

Background. Prochilodus magdalenae is a neotropical fish that synchronizes reproduction with flood river pulses.
Methods. We used an endocrine method to test the influence of hydropeaking on hormone production related with reproduction. We analyzed P. magdalenae reproduction in individuals from two sectors of a Neotropical river basin: one with natural flow and the other with a regulated hydrological regime.
Results. In the section of the basin with natural flow we found that the production of hormones related with fish reproduction (FSH and LH) was correlated with the gonadosomatic index, while in fish experiencing hydropeaking due to hydroelectric operation no such correlation was detected.
Discussion. We conclude that potamodromous fish reproductive hormone production is sensitive to changes in water level/discharge, consequently, fish exposed to hydropeaking receive ambiguous stimuli that affect hormone production, reproduction synchronization with environmental cues, and ripening, which are essential for reproductive success.
Geochemical and Crystallographic Study ofTurbo Torquatus(Mollusca: Gastropoda) From Southwestern Australia
Authors: Roger L. M. , George A. D. , Shaw J. , Hart R. D. , Roberts M. P. , Becker T. , Evans N. J. , McDonald B. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractShells of the marine gastropodTurbo torquatuswere sampled from three different locations along the Western Australian coastline, namely Marmion Lagoon (31°S), Rottnest Island (32°S), and Hamelin Bay (34°S). Marmion Lagoon and Rottnest Island have similar sea surface temperature ranges that are ∼1°C warmer than Hamelin Bay, with all sites influenced by the warm southward flowing Leeuwin Current. The shells were characterized using crystallographic, spectroscopic, and geochemical analyses. Shell mineral composition varies between the three sites suggesting the influence of sea surface temperature, oxygen consumption, and/or bedrock composition on shell mineralogy and preferential incorporation and/or elemental discrimination of Mg, P, and S. Furthermore,T. torquatuswas found to exert control over the incorporation of most, if not all, the elements measured here, suggesting strong biological regulation. At all levels of testing, the concentrations of Li varied significantly, which indicates that this trace element may not be a suitable environmental proxy. Variation in Sr concentration between sites and between specimens reflects combined environmental and biological controls suggesting that Sr/Ca ratios inT. torquatuscannot be used to estimate sea surface temperature without experimentally accounting for metabolic and growth effects. The mineral composition and microstructure ofT. torquatusshells may help identify sea surface temperature variations on geological time scales. These findings support the previously hypothesized involvement of an active selective pathway across the calcifying mantle ofT. torquatusfor most, if not all, the elements measured here.
Estimating Bulk Entrainment With Unaggregated and Aggregated Convection
Authors: Becker Tobias , Bretherton Christopher S. , Hohenegger Cathy , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo investigate how entrainment is influenced by convective organization, we use the ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) model in a radiative‐convective equilibrium framework, with a 1 km spatial grid mesh covering a 600 by 520 km2 domain. We analyze two simulations, with unaggregated and aggregated convection, and find that, in the lower free troposphere, the bulk entrainment rate increases when convection aggregates. The increase of entrainment rate with aggregation is caused by a strong increase of turbulence in the close environment of updrafts, masking other effects like the increase of updraft size and of static stability with aggregation. Even though entrainment rate increases with aggregation, updraft buoyancy reduction through entrainment decreases because aggregated updrafts are protected by a moist shell. Parameterizations that wish to represent mesoscale convective organization would need to model this moist shell.
Optical Modeling of Sea Salt Aerosols: The Effects of Nonsphericity and Inhomogeneity
Authors: Bi Lei , Lin Wushao , Wang Zheng , Tang Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yi Bingqi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe nonsphericity and inhomogeneity of marine aerosols (sea salts) have not been addressed in pertinent radiative transfer calculations and remote sensing studies. This study investigates the optical properties of nonspherical and inhomogeneous sea salts using invariant imbedding T‐matrix simulations. Dry sea salt aerosols are modeled based on superellipsoidal geometries with a prescribed aspect ratio and roundness parameter. Wet sea salt particles are modeled as coated superellipsoids, as spherical particles with a superellipsoidal core, and as homogeneous spheres depending on the level of relative humidity. Aspect ratio and roundness parameters are found to be critical to interpreting the linear depolarization ratios (LDRs) of NaCl crystals from laboratory measurements. The optimal morphology parameters of NaCl necessary to reproduce the measurements are found to be consistent with data gleaned from an electron micrograph. The LDRs of wet sea salts are computed based on inhomogeneous models and compared with the measured data from ground‐based LiDAR. The dependence of the LDR on relative humidity is explicitly considered. The increase in the LDR with relative humidity at the initial phase of deliquescence is attributed to both the size increase and the inhomogeneity effect. For large humidity values, the LDR substantially decreases because the overall particle shape becomes more spherical and the inhomogeneity effect in a particle on the LDR is suppressed for submicron sea salts. However, the effect of inhomogeneity on optical properties is pronounced for coarse‐mode sea salts. These findings have important implications for atmospheric radiative transfer and remote sensing involving sea salt aerosols.
Interannual Variability of Regional Hadley Circulation Intensity Over Western Pacific During Boreal Winter and Its Climatic Impact Over Asia‐Australia Region
Authors: Huang Ruping , Chen Shangfeng , Chen Wen , Hu Peng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigates interannual variability of boreal winter regional Hadley circulation over western Pacific (WPHC) and its climatic impacts. A WPHC intensity index (WPHCI) is defined as the vertical shear of the divergent meridional winds. It shows that WPHCI correlates well with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). To investigate roles of the ENSO‐unrelated part of WPHCI (WPHCIres), variables that are linearly related to the Niño‐3 index have been removed. It reveals that meridional sea surface temperature gradient over the western Pacific plays an essential role in modulating the WPHCIres. The climatic impacts of WPHCIres are further investigated. Below‐normal (above‐normal) precipitation appears over south China (North Australia) when WPHCIres is stronger. This is due to the marked convergence (divergence) anomalies at the upper troposphere, divergence (convergence) at the lower troposphere, and the accompanied downward (upward) motion over south China (North Australia), which suppresses (enhances) precipitation there. In addition, a pronounced increase in surface air temperature (SAT) appears over south and central China when WPHCIres is stronger. A temperature diagnostic analysis suggests that the increase in SAT tendency over central China is primarily due to the warm zonal temperature advection and subsidence‐induced adiabatic heating. In addition, the increase in SAT tendency over south China is primarily contributed by the warm meridional temperature advection. Further analysis shows that the correlation of WPHCIres with the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is weak. Thus, this study may provide additional sources besides EAWM and ENSO to improve understanding of the Asia‐Australia climate variability.
Effects of a Simple Convective Organization Scheme in a Two‐Plume GCM
Authors: Chen Baohua , Mapes Brian E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA set of experiments is described with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) using a two‐plume convection scheme. To represent the differences of organized convection from General Circulation Model (GCM) assumptions of isolated plumes in uniform environments, a dimensionless prognostic “organization” tracer Ω is invoked to lend the second plume a buoyancy advantage relative to the first, as described in Mapes and Neale (2016). When low‐entrainment plumes are unconditionally available (Ω = 1 everywhere), deep convection occurs too easily, with consequences including premature (upstream) rainfall in inflows to the deep tropics, excessive convective versus large‐scale rainfall, poor relationships to the vapor field, stable bias in the mean state, weak and poor tropical variability, and midday peak in diurnal rainfall over land. Some of these are shown to also be characteristic of CAM4 with its separated deep and shallow convection schemes. When low‐entrainment plumes are forbidden by setting Ω = 0 everywhere, some opposite problems can be discerned. In between those extreme cases, an interactive Ω driven by the evaporation of precipitation acts as a local positive feedback loop, concentrating deep convection: In areas of little recent rain, only highly entraining plumes can occur, unfavorable for rain production. This tunable mechanism steadily increases precipitation variance in both space and time, as illustrated here with maps, time‐longitude series, and spectra, while avoiding some mean state biases as illustrated with process‐oriented diagnostics such as conserved variable profiles and vapor‐binned precipitation curves.
Effect of desipramine on patients with breathing disorders in RETT syndrome
Authors: Mancini Josette , Dubus Jean‐Christophe , Jouve Elisabeth , Roux Jean‐Christophe , Franco Patricia , Lagrue Emmanuelle , Castelnau Pierre , Cances Claude , Chaix Yves , Rougeot‐Jung Christelle , Cornu Catherine , Desportes Vincent , Vallée Louis , Bahi‐Buisson Nadia , Truillet Romain , Attolini Laurence , Villard Laurent , Blin Olivier , Micallef Joëlle 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveRett Syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental condition with breathing disorders, affecting around one in 10,000 female births. Desipramine, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, reduced the number of apneas in Mecp2‐deficient mice, a model of RTT. We planned a phase 2 trial to test its efficacy and its safety on breathing patterns in 36 girls with RTT.MethodsThe trial was a 6‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00990691. Girls diagnosed according to clinical examination and confirmed by genotyping were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 2–3 mg/kg Desipramine per day (high Desipramine), 1–2 mg/kg Desipramine per day (low Desipramine), or a placebo. The primary outcome was the change of apnea hypopnea index (AHI), defined by the number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour, assessed at 6 months from baseline. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was applied.ResultsThe median change in AHI from baseline to 6 months was −31 (IQR: −37 to −11) for the high Desipramine, −17.5 (IQR: −31 to 13) for the low Desipramine, and −13 (IQR:−31 to 0) for the placebo group. We did not find any significant difference in these changes between the groups (P = 0.781). A significant inverse correlation between Desipramine plasma concentration and AHI (r = −0.44; P = 0.0002) was underlined.InterpretationThis first clinical trial of desipramine did not show clinical efficacy. Although required further studies, the significant correlation between Desipramine concentrations and improvement of AHI provided additional and relevant reasons to test the noradrenergic pathway in RTT.
Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cardoso Vanessa Fernandes , Francesko António , Ribeiro Clarisse , Bañobre‐López Manuel , Martins Pedro , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as an important class of biomedical functional nanomaterials in areas such as hyperthermia, drug release, tissue engineering, theranostic, and lab‐on‐a‐chip, due to their exclusive chemical and physical properties. Although some works can be found reviewing the main application of magnetic NPs in the area of biomedical engineering, recent and intense progress on magnetic nanoparticle research, from synthesis to surface functionalization strategies, demands for a work that includes, summarizes, and debates current directions and ongoing advancements in this research field. Thus, the present work addresses the structure, synthesis, properties, and the incorporation of magnetic NPs in nanocomposites, highlighting the most relevant effects of the synthesis on the magnetic and structural properties of the magnetic NPs and how these effects limit their utilization in the biomedical area. Furthermore, this review next focuses on the application of magnetic NPs on the biomedical field. Finally, a discussion of the main challenges and an outlook of the future developments in the use of magnetic NPs for advanced biomedical applications are critically provided.
Moldable Hyaluronan Hydrogel Enabled by Dynamic Metal–Bisphosphonate Coordination Chemistry for Wound Healing
Authors: Shi Liyang , Zhao Yannan , Xie Qifan , Fan Caixia , Hilborn Jöns , Dai Jianwu , Ossipov Dmitri. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiomaterial‐based regenerative approaches would allow for cost‐effective off‐the‐shelf solution for the treatment of wounds. Hyaluronan (HA)‐based hydrogel is one attractive biomaterial candidate because it is involved in natural healing processes, including inflammation, granulation, and reepithelialization. Herein, dynamic metal–ligand coordination bonds are used to fabricate moldable supramolecular HA hydrogels with self‐healing properties. To achieve reversible crosslinking of HA chains, the biopolymer is modified with pendant bisphosphonate (BP) ligands using carbodiimide coupling and chemoselective “click” reactions. Hydrogel is formed immediately after simple addition of silver (Ag+) ions to the solution of HA containing BP groups (HA‐BP). Compared with previous HA‐based wound healing hydrogels, the HA‐BP·Ag+ hydrogel is highly suitable for clinical use as it can fill irregularly shaped wound defects without the need for premolding. The HA‐BP·Ag+ hydrogel shows antimicrobial properties to both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains, enabling prevention of infections in wound care. In vivo evaluation using a rat full‐thickness skin wound model shows significantly lower wound remaining rate and a thicker layer of regenerated epidermis as compared with the group left without treatment. The presented moldable and self‐healing supramolecular HA hydrogel with “ready‐to‐use” properties possesses a great potential for regenerative wound treatment.