bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencing College and Higher Education Choices in Disadvantaged Hispanic High School Students Through a School-Based Health Club
Authors: Singh Harsimran , Matza Maria , Latham Christine 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Statistics representing professional health care providers do not adequately reflect the shift in the nation’s diverse population. Latinos are significantly underrepresented at all levels of appropriate academic programs critical for entry to health profession careers. This project describes the implementation of a student-run, faculty-facilitated Future Nurse and Health Club at a school (with majority Latino students) to emphasize the importance of higher education in health care. Demographic and psychosocial profiles of club members were also developed to understand community needs. Method: The Future Nurse and Health Club was established in partnership with faculty and researchers representing a university-based nursing program, school officials, and community leaders. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from club members and their parents using a variety of techniques including questionnaires and focus groups. Results: The findings of the study highlighted a variety of student- and parent-related factors including poor lifestyle habits and perceptions of support that could potentially influence Latino high school students’ interest and progress in health care–related higher education. Conclusion: A school-based health career club involving active participation of parents and students with support from health care professionals such as academic nursing faculty has the potential to simultaneously raise student interest in health-related careers and health needs of their community.
Preoperative CT-scan-based sizing and in-stent restenosis in peripheral endovascular revascularizations
Authors: Kaladji Adrien , Giovannetti Maximilien , Pascot Remy , Clochard Elodie , Daoudal Anne , Lucas Antoine , Cardon Alain 
Published: March 2017

Objectives This study evaluates the effect of stent sizing with CT-scan on the incidence of restenosis in peripheral arterial disease. Methods This retrospective study included 59 patients with 66 arterial lesions who underwent a endovascular procedure for peripheral arterial disease between April 2013 and October 2013. All patients had de novo iliac or femoral lesions, were candidates for an endovascular procedure alone and underwent CTA preoperatively. The stent actually implanted, whose dimensions were chosen on the basis of the operator’s experience on an intraoperative 2D angiography, was compared to the “ideal” stent chosen retrospectively on the basis of precise lesion sizing by the preoperative CTA. Planning was considered “discordant” if there was a difference in length of more than 20 mm and/or a difference in diameter of more than 1 mm between the ideal stent and the actual stent. Results For iliac lesions, discordance essentially concerned stent diameter (36.1%), whereas stent length was the main reason for discordance for femoral lesions (36.7%). The median length of follow-up was 18 months (range 6–24). For iliac lesions, freedom from restenosis at 24 months was higher for patients with concordant planning (90% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.045). Most restenoses occurred in the external iliac artery, where there was a tendency towards oversizing of the implanted stent. For femoral lesions, the restenosis-free rate at 24 months was higher for patients with concordant planning (77.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.057). A multivariate analysis was conducted on the prediction of restenosis. Among factors, only discordant planning was found to be a significant predictor of restenosis with an odds ratio of 0.115 (95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.674; p = 0.016). Conclusion The absence of sizing for peripheral lesions engenders a tendency to choose the wrong stent, in particular in terms of diameter in iliac arteries and length in femoral arteries.
Comparison of relapse-free survival in gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (WHO grade 3) and gastric carcinoma
Authors: Kim Beom Su , Park Young Soo , Yook Jeong Hwan , Kim Byung-Sik 
Published: March 2017

Background: We compared relapse-free survival (RFS) in gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (WHO grade 3) and gastric carcinoma (GC). This is one of very few studies that compare the prognosis of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (WHO grade 3, G3 NEC) with that of GC. Methods: Between 1996 and 2014, 63 patients were diagnosed with G3 NEC of the stomach and 56 with gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with GC at Asan Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. We also randomly selected 762 patients diagnosed with GC between 1999 and 2008. Results: Patients with G3 NEC tumors that invaded the muscularis propria or shallower had poorer RFS than those with GC of the same type, while G3 NEC that invaded the subserosa or deeper had similar RFS to GC of that type. Patients diagnosed with G3 NEC with N0 or N2 had poorer RFS than the corresponding patients with GC, while those who had G3 NEC with N1 or N3 had similar RFS to the corresponding patients with GC. G3 NEC patients had poorer RFS than well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated GC patients, while G3 NEC patients had similar RFS to that of those with signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). In addition, patients with G3 NEC of stages I or IIa had poorer RFS than those with corresponding GC, while G3 NEC stage IIb or greater had similar RFS to the corresponding GC. Conclusions: Non-advanced G3 NEC showed poorer RFS than GC excluding SRC, while advanced G3 NEC has a similar RFS to that of GC without SRC. Therefore, we recommend that patients with non-advanced G3 NEC of the stomach be given a more aggressive treatment and surveillance than those with non-advanced GC excluding SRC.
Intelligent Internet-based information system optimises diabetes mellitus management in communities
Authors: Wei Xuejuan , Wu Hao , Cui Shuqi , Ge Caiying , Wang Li , Jia Hongyan , Liang Wannian 
Published: March 2017

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an intelligent Internet-based information system upon optimising the management of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In 2015, a T2DM information system was introduced to optimise the management of T2DM patients for 1 year in Fangzhuang community of Beijing, China. A total of 602 T2DM patients who were registered in the health service centre of Fangzhuang community were enrolled based on an isometric sampling technique. The data from 587 patients were used in the final analysis. The intervention effect was subsequently assessed by statistically comparing multiple parameters, such as the prevalence of glycaemic control, standard health management and annual outpatient consultation visits per person, before and after the implementation of the T2DM information system. Results: In 2015, a total of 1668 T2DM patients were newly registered in Fangzhuang community. The glycaemic control rate was calculated as 37.65% in 2014 and significantly elevated up to 62.35% in 2015 ( p < 0.001). After application of the Internet-based information system, the rate of standard health management was increased from 48.04% to 85.01% ( p < 0.001). Among all registered T2DM patients, the annual outpatient consultation visits per person in Fangzhuang community was 24.88% in 2014, considerably decreased to 22.84% in 2015 ( p < 0.001) and declined from 14.59% to 13.66% in general hospitals ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Application of the T2DM information system optimised the management of T2DM patients in Fangzhuang community and decreased the outpatient numbers in both community and general hospitals, which played a positive role in assisting T2DM patients and their healthcare providers to better manage this chronic illness.
Deprescribing: What are the views and factors influencing this concept among patients with chronic diseases in a developed Asian community?
Authors: Ng Wei Ling , Tan Mark Zhong Wei , Koh Eileen Yi Ling , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: March 2017

Objective: Public primary healthcare clinics in Singapore manage a large proportion of elderly patients with chronic diseases. Inappropriate prescribing of medications and polypharmacy in the elderly are associated with adverse outcomes. It is hence important to stop potentially inappropriate medications in this vulnerable group. An approach coined ‘deprescribing’ has been used to describe a patient-centred process of optimising medication regimens. The study aimed to elucidate patients’ attitudes towards the number of medications they were taking and identify factors that might influence acceptance of deprescription. Method: A cross-sectional study using the validated Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (PATD) questionnaire was performed at two public primary healthcare institutions in Singapore. Participants were on regular follow-up at the clinics for chronic disease management and had at least five regular prescription medications. Results: The study found that participants (with a mean age of 68) had an average of four medical conditions and six prescription medications, with the majority (60.3%) expressing that they were taking a large number of medications. Of note, 93.4% of participants were willing to stop one of their medications if advised by the doctor. This was associated with a younger age (<65 years old), not having a discount card for medications and having a higher physician trust score (Wake Forest Physician Trust Score). Conclusions: This study showed that majority of the participants were willing to cease a medication that their physician thought was no longer required. Factors were also identified which potentially may be targeted to facilitate deprescription.
Outcome of misoprostol and oxytocin in induction of labour
Authors: Acharya Trishna , Devkota Ramesh , Bhattarai Bimbishar , Acharya Radha 
Published: March 2017

Background: Induction of labour is the process of initiating the labour by artificial means from 24 weeks of gestation. The main aim of this study is to find out the maternal and foetal outcomes after induction of labour with misoprostol and oxytocin beyond 37 weeks of gestation. Methods: This was a hospital-based observational study carried out at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal. Misoprostol of 25 µg was inserted in posterior fornix of vagina or oxytocin infusion was started from 2.5 units on whom induction was decided. Maternal and foetal/neonatal outcomes were observed. Collected data were analysed using SPSS and MS Excel. Results: General induction rate was found to be 7.2%. In this study, post-term pregnancy was found to be the most common reason for induction of labour. Analysis of onset of labour led to the finding that mean onset of labour was much rapid in oxytocin (6.6 h) than misoprostol (13.6 h). However, there is similarity in induction–delivery interval in both groups. Overall, the rate of normal delivery and caesarean section was found to be 64.9% and 33.2%, respectively. Similarly, normal delivery within 12 h was seen in 18.4% of the patients given with misoprostol and 43.5% in oxytocin group. Foetal distress was found as the most common reason for caesarean section. The overall occurrence of maternal complication was found to be similar in misoprostol and oxytocin groups, nausea/vomiting being the most common (36.7%) complication followed by fever (24.1%). Besides this, the most common neonatal complication found in overall cases was meconium stained liquor (49.2%). Conclusion: It was found that misoprostol was used most frequently for induction of labour compared to oxytocin. The onset of labour was found to be rapid in oxytocin than misoprostol. However, the occurrence of side effects was found to be similar in both misoprostol and oxytocin groups.
Primary retroperitoneal mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) in a 51-year-old male:Case report and historical literature review
Authors: Tiu Andrew , Sovani Vinayak , Khan Nasir , Hooda Shveta 
Published: March 2017

Objectives: Primary retroperitoneal mature cystic teratomas are exceedingly uncommon in males aged 50 years and above, and only seven cases have been reported in the literature so far. They usually occur in infants less than 6 months and young females. The aim of this article is to present a rare case of a 51-year-old male with a primary retroperitoneal mature cystic teratoma located in the right infrarenal area adherent to the psoas muscle and to discuss a historical literature review. Methods: An incidental hypoechoic, solid appearing 8.2 × 7.6 × 7.8 cm3 mass arising off the inferior pole of the right kidney was found on abdominal ultrasound during evaluation for a history of alcoholism. Computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed small calcifications in the lower part of the cystic mass. Laparotomy with excision of the retroperitoneal mass was performed. Results: On gross examination, the specimen consisted of a cyst filled with pale yellow greasy material with entrapped hair. Histopathologic examination revealed a dermoid cyst with focal chronic inflammation, dystrophic calcification, and foreign-body giant cell reaction. Conclusions: Retroperitoneal mature cystic teratoma in an older male is extremely rare. Primary gonadal teratoma with retroperitoneal metastasis should be excluded first. Evaluation of age and location of tumor are critical for its prognosis. Complete excision of tumor is necessary to evaluate whether there are immature and solid elements which need long-term follow up due to the increased risk of malignancy.
3D magnetotelluric exploration of Sete Cidades Volcano, São Miguel Island, Azores
Authors: Menezes Paulo T. L. , Travassos Jandyr M. , Marçal Adriano J. A. , Monteiro Santos Fernando A. 
Published: March 2017

Geothermal energy accounts for 43% of the electricity expenditure of São Miguel Island, Azores Archipelago. All production comes from the Ribeira Grande (RG) high-enthalpy geothermal field. To meet the growing energy demand in the island, it is necessary to extend the exploration efforts to new areas. We evaluated the results of a broadband magnetotelluric reconnaissance survey conducted at Sete Cidades Volcano, placed only 30 km westward of the RG field. The resistivity structure of the Sete Cidades geothermal system was obtained through a simultaneous 3D inversion of the full impedance tensor and tipper. The bathymetry and the topography of the island were treated as fixed features in the model. The geothermal reservoir at Sete Cidades is outlined as a northwest–southeast elongated resistive anomaly, geologically controlled by the Terceira Rift fracture zone. We have also identified high-conductivity zones between 1000 and 4000 m below mean sea level, probably associated with clay cap rocks overlying the geothermal reservoir.
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: recent advances in pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatment
Authors: Carroll Antonia , Brew Bruce 
Published: March 2017

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent despite plasma viral suppression by antiretroviral agents. In fact, the prevalence of milder subtypes of cognitive impairment is increasing. Neuropsychologic testing remains the “gold standard” of diagnosis; however, this is time consuming and costly in a resource-poor environment. Recently developed screening tools, such as CogState and the revised HIV dementia scale, have very good sensitivity and specificity in the more severe stages of HAND. However, questions remain regarding the utility of, optimal population for, and insensitivity of tests in mild HAND.Recognition of ongoing viral persistence and the inflammatory milieu in the central nervous system (CNS) has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of HAND and facilitated the development of biomarkers of CNS disease. The importance of the monocyte-macrophage lineage cell and the astrocyte as viral reservoirs, HIV viral proteins, self-perpetuating CNS inflammation, and CCR5 chemokine receptor neurotropism has been identified. Whilst biomarkers demonstrate monocyte activation, inflammation, and neuronal injury, they remain limited in their clinical utility. The improved understanding of pathogenic mechanisms has led to novel approaches to the treatment of HAND; however, despite these advances, the optimal management is still undefined.
Scaling-up primary health care-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder at the municipal level in middle-income countries in Latin America: Background and pre-protocol for a three-country quasi-experimental study
Authors: Anderson Peter , O'Donnell Amy , Kaner Eileen , Gual Antoni , Schulte Bernd , Pérez Gómez Augusto , de Vries Hein , Natera Rey Guillermina , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: March 2017

Background:While primary health care (PHC)-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is clinically effective and cost-effective, it remains poorly implemented in routine practice. Systematic reviews and multi-country studies have demonstrated the ability of training and support programmes to increase PHC-based screening and brief advice activity to reduce heavy drinking. However, gains have been only modest and short term at best. WHO studies have concluded that a more effective uptake could be achieved by embedding PHC activity within broader community and municipal support. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study will compare PHC-based prevention and management of AUD, operationalized by heavy drinking, in three intervention cities from Colombia, Mexico and Peru with three comparator cities from the same countries. In the implementation cities, primary health care units (PHCUs) will receive training embedded within ongoing supportive municipal action over an 18-month implementation period. In the comparator cities, practice as usual will continue at both municipal and PHCU levels. The primary outcome will be the proportion of consulting adult patients intervened with (screened and advice given to screen positives). The study is powered to detect a doubling of the outcome measure from an estimated 2.5/1,000 patients at baseline. Formal evaluation points will be at baseline, mid-point and end-point of the 18-month implementation period. We will present the ratio (plus 95% confidence interval) of the proportion of patients receiving intervention in the implementation cities with the proportions in the comparator cities. Full process evaluation will be undertaken, coupled with an analysis of potential contextual, financial and political-economy influencing factors. Discussion:This multi-country study will test the extent to which embedding PHC-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder with supportive municipal action leads to improved scale-up of more patients with heavy drinking receiving appropriate advice and treatment.
Promotion Spillovers: Drug Detailing in Combination Therapy
Authors: Liu Hongju , Liu Qiang , Chintagunta Pradeep K. 
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the spillover effects of promotions when products from different firms are consumed in a bundle. Using data from the HIV/AIDS category, a canonical example of combination therapy, we estimate a hierarchical Bayesian logit model across treatment regimens and show that detailing for one drug can increase demand for other drugs that are often combined with the focal drug. Such spillover effects could lead to free riding by the drugs benefitting from the spillover. We investigate the managerial and policy implications of detailing spillover effects via counterfactual policy simulations based on a dynamic oligopoly game of detailing. For managers, we show how firms can internalize the spillover effects and reduce the incentive for free riding. For policy makers, the implications of our findings relate to detailing restrictions that are often proposed on branded drugs. These restrictions aim to increase social welfare by encouraging the use of generic drugs. However, in combination therapies generic drugs may actually benefit from the detailing of complementary branded products. If detailing was curtailed, this could adversely affect generic drug prescriptions as well, which runs counter to policy makers’ objectives of encouraging use of generic drugs. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.1014 .
Offline Showrooms in Omnichannel Retail: Demand and Operational Benefits
Authors: Bell David R. , Gallino Santiago , Moreno Antonio 
Published: March 2017

Omnichannel environments where customers shop online and offline at the same retailer are ubiquitous, and are deployed by online-first and traditional retailers alike. We focus on the relatively understudied domain of online-first retailers and the engagement of a key omnichannel tactic; specifically, introduction of showrooms (physical locations where customers can view and try products) in combination with online fulfillment that uses centralized inventory management. We ask whether, and if so, how, showrooms benefit the two most basic retail objectives: demand generation and operational efficiency. Using quasi-experimental data on showroom openings by WarbyParker.com , the leading and iconic online-first eyewear retailer, we find that showrooms: (1) increase demand overall and in the online channel as well; (2) generate operational spillovers to the other channels by attracting customers who, on average, have a higher cost-to-serve; (3) improve overall operational efficiency by increasing conversion in a sampling channel and by decreasing returns; and (4) amplify these demand and operational benefits in dealing with customers who have the most acute need for the firm’s products. Moreover, the effects we document strengthen with time as showrooms contribute not only to brand awareness but also to what we term channel awareness as well. We conclude by elaborating the underlying customer dynamics driving our findings and by offering implications for how online-first retailers might deploy omnichannel tactics. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Social Risk and the Dimensionality of Intentions
Authors: Butler Jeffrey V. , Miller Joshua B. 
Published: March 2017

Previous research has documented a behavioral distinction between “social risk,” or risk caused by human factors, and natural risk. In particular, people tend to demand a premium on the probability of a favorable outcome in order to expose themselves to a social source of risk rather than a natural source of risk. Several explanations for what drives this social risk premium have been offered—most prominently, (i)an aversion to a counterparty’s potentially malign intentions and (ii) a more general aversion to ceding control to someone with conflicting interests. We propose that a fundamental determinant of the social risk premium may relate to a counterparty’s capacity to engage in intentional action. We employ a between-subjects experimental design in which we manipulate subjects’ capacity for intentional action. Our design allows us to identify the component of the social risk premium related to an aversion to betrayal, independent of any aversion to ceding control. Furthermore, our results show that intentions are a crucial determinant of the social risk premium. We identify factors that eliminate, and may even change the sign of, the social risk premium. Our results contribute to our understanding of the factors that influence the perception of social risk and have implications for optimal contract design in a wide variety of situations involving social risk. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2694 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.