bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designating conservation priorities for Southeast European hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on species distribution models and species vulnerability
Authors: Miličić Marija , Vujić Ante , Jurca Tamara , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Information on the distribution and vulnerability of invertebrates is often scarce and, as a consequence, this group of organisms is usually neglected in conservation studies. Yet it is possible to reasonably infer ranges and vulnerabilities of species and establish spatial conservation priorities, even with incomplete information. We investigated conservation priorities of hoverflies in Southeast Europe based on species distribution models (SDM) and vulnerability indices.

Species distribution models were used to compensate for the lack of knowledge on species ranges. Measures related to geographical rarity, endemism and habitat specialisation were used to assess species vulnerability. Potential distribution and three alternative vulnerability indices were used to calculate two spatial conservation indices: potential Biodiversity Conservation Concern index (pBCC) and potential Biodiversity Conservation Weight (pBCW).

pBCC highlighted areas with a large proportion of highly vulnerable species, even where species richness was low, such as the Danube delta and mid‐Aegean islands. It also identified potentially important areas yet‐to‐be surveyed (e.g. Carpathian mountains), which might deserve future conservation measures. pBCW emphasised areas hosting high richness of both vulnerable and resilient species, such as the eastern Aegean Islands and the eastern part of Crete.

We demonstrate that: (i) it is possible to establish conservation priorities at large scales if SDM and simple vulnerability measures are combined; (ii) complementary approaches are necessary to emphasise the importance of areas with different characteristics; and (iii) several understudied areas should be targets of future sampling schemes to confirm their importance for the conservation of hoverfly diversity in Southeast Europe.
The use of topical minoxidil to accelerate nail growth: a pilot study
Authors: Aiempanakit Kumpol , Geater Alan , Limtong Preeyachat , Nicoletti Kathleen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLinear nail growth rate is affected by various conditions, one of which is the level of blood flow. Our supposition was that topical minoxidil, which has vasodilatory properties, can increase the rate of nail growth. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of topical minoxidil on nail growth. A 5% topical minoxidil solution was applied twice daily to the fingernails of 32 participants. Two groups of 16 participants were randomly chosen. In one group, the applications were made to the right index and left ring fingernails, and, in the other, the left index and right ring fingernails. During each visit (weekly during the first month and every 2 weeks during the second month), the nail length of six fingernails (index, middle, and ring of both hands) was measured using a digital caliper. Beginning in the first week, the mean nail length of the treated nails was greater than that of nails in the untreated group with statistical significance. There were no systemic or cutaneous side effects. During the first month, the mean growth of the treated nails was 4.27 mm/month compared with 3.91 mm/month in the untreated nails (P = 0.003). These findings suggest that a 5% concentration of topical minoxidil can stimulate nail growth with increased growth beginning in the first week of application. The results may have important implications for the treatment of nail disorders; however, a comparable study involving participants with nail disorders is highly recommended.
Early clinical presentations and progression of calciphylaxis
Authors: Ghosh Toshi , Winchester Daniel S. , Davis Mark D.P. , el‐Azhary Rokea , Comfere Nneka I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundUntreated calciphylaxis is a fatal disease of intra‐ and extravascular calcification, most commonly presenting in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. While early identification is critical for timely treatment, early‐stage clinical and histopathological descriptions have not, to our knowledge, been elucidated. As early clinical recognition is essential to prompt definitive histopathological diagnosis, this study describes a range of clinical and histopathological manifestations of early‐stage calciphylaxis.MethodsFive patients with clinical photographs of lesions of early‐phase calciphylaxis were chosen from a recent database of 101 patients. Their clinical histories were reviewed and correlated with their respective clinical and histopathological images of early‐stage disease and progression of the disease.ResultsTwo of the five patients were identified early to have calciphylaxis and were promptly initiated on aggressive, multimodal therapy, resulting in complete resolution and remission of calciphylaxis. The other three patients were also recognized in early stages, one without renal disease, although the disease had progressed to more advanced stages associated with greater morbidity and mortality.ConclusionsThese cases demonstrate that calciphylaxis may be clinically misdiagnosed due to ill‐defined presentations, particularly in the early stages without the characteristic features of livedo racemosa and ulceration. However, recognition in the early stages is critical to implement timely treatment. As such, definitively diagnostic skin biopsy should be considered early in suspected cases to confirm the diagnosis of calciphylaxis and ensure prompt management of this lethal disease.
Burning mouth syndrome: results of screening tests for vitamin and mineral deficiencies, thyroid hormone, and glucose levels—experience at Mayo Clinic over a decade
Authors: Morr Verenzuela Claudia S. , Davis Mark D. P. , Bruce Alison J. , Torgerson Rochelle R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a disorder characterized by chronic mouth pain in the absence of objective clinical abnormalities. Vitamin or mineral deficiencies may have a role in BMS, but data regarding the prevalence and relevance of hematinic deficiencies are conflicting. We aimed to determine the frequency of specific laboratory abnormalities in patients with BMS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the results of screening blood tests in patients with BMS at our institution between January 2003 and December 2013.ResultsAmong 659 patients with BMS, the most common decreased values or deficiencies were vitamin D3 (15%), vitamin B2 (15%), vitamin B6 (5.7%), zinc (5.7%), vitamin B1 (5.3%), thyrotropin (TSH) (3.2%), vitamin B12 (0.8%), and folic acid (0.7%). Laboratory values for fasting blood glucose and TSH were increased in 23.7% and 5.2%, respectively.ConclusionsIn patients with symptoms of BMS, our results suggest it is reasonable to screen for fasting blood glucose, vitamin D (D2 and D3), vitamin B6, zinc, vitamin B1, and TSH. Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid were rare (<1% abnormal).
Enthalpies of formation in the scandia‐zirconia system
Authors: Grosso Robson L. , Muccillo Eliana N. S. , Castro Ricardo H. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe scandia‐zirconia (ScZ) solid solutions have been attracting attention from the communities interested in solid‐oxide fuel cells because they possess the highest ionic conductivity among zirconia‐based materials. However, this system shows a relatively large number of polymorphs with lack of thermodynamic data to enable comprehensive phase control for property optimization. In this work, the enthalpy of formation of the ScZ system within the range 0–20 mol% Sc2O3 is determined by combining the surface energy values with enthalpy of drop solution data obtained from high‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. The heats of formation, a key data for understanding phase stability, for five polymorphs: monoclinic (m), tetragonal (t), cubic (c), and rhombohedral (β and γ) are reported for the first time.
Modeling the combined effect of NaCl and pH against Cronobacter spp. using response surface methodology
Authors: Al‐Nabulsi Anas A. , Osaili Tareq M. , Mahmoud Kamel Z. , Ayyash Mutamed M. , Olaimat Amin N. , Shaker Reyad R. , Holley Richard A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe growth response of Cronobacter spp. to different levels of NaCl and pH was investigated using response surface methodology. Brain heart infusion (BHI) broth containing 0 to 10% (w/v) NaCl at pH values of 4.5 to 8.0 was inoculated with a cocktail of 5 Cronobacter spp. The mixtures were incubated at 37°C and were sampled at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hr. Cronobacter spp. were recovered on tryptose soy agar and response surface methodology was employed to investigate the effect of NaCl, pH or their combination on growth and viability. At pH ≤ 5.0, the viability of Cronobacter spp.was reduced below the detection limit after 4 h. In addition, ≥6% NaCl significantly affected Cronobacter spp. growth. However, the interactive effects of pH at 5.5 and 2 to 4% NaCl reduced Cronobacter growth. The response surface analysis indicated that combining NaCl with pH would cause a significantly greater reduction in Cronobacter viability than would be caused by each factor alone. These results showed that Cronobacter may be controlled in food products by concentrations of NaCl ≤4% at pH values ≤5.5.Practical applicationsCronobacter spp. have been isolated from a wide range of foods including cheese, meat, grains, herbs, spices, fermented bread, tofu, infant foods, and fermented beverages Cronobacter spp. have a remarkable ability to survive under a variety of environmental stresses including those involving low water activity (aw), acidic pH, osmotic challenge, and mild heating. In the current study, the results showed that the growth of Cronobacter in food products could be controlled by the combined effect of NaCl and pH at concentrations of NaCl ≤ 4% at pH values ≤ 5.5.
Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm bleeding one decade after caesarean section: A case report
Authors: Johannesson Liza , Mason Jennifer , Oehler Martin K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) can cause severe secondary post‐partum hemorrhage. The lag time between the triggering event and the manifestation of UAP reportedly usually occurs within a couple of weeks. In this case report, a 46‐year‐old woman with no significant comorbidities presented with a one‐month history of increasing lower abdominal pain. She had previously undergone two cesarean sections (14 and 10 years earlier). A computed tomography angiogram revealed a left UAP. The patient was successfully treated by selective embolization and had an uneventful recovery. In our case, the time period between the cesarean section and presentation was approximately 10 years with no other potential causative factors. This case highlights that UAP should be included as a differential diagnosis in all female patients presenting with pelvic pain and pelvic bleeding. More specifically, UAP should be considered after a previous history of cesarean section, as a delayed diagnosis can result in serious morbidity and even mortality.
Use of fondaparinux for thromboprophylaxis in an unfractionated heparin‐intolerant pregnant woman with thrombotic predisposition
Authors: Haruta Shoji , Maruta Kana , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Masaoka Naoki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 34‐year‐old primigravida who had undergone thrombectomy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in her leg and exhibited low protein S activity, indicating predisposition to thrombosis, developed DVT of the leg. No pulmonary embolism was detected. After anticoagulant therapy with unfractionated heparin was discontinued because of liver dysfunction, danaparoid treatment was administered in hospital. The patient had a normal delivery after 39 weeks' gestation with no recurrence of thrombosis. During her second pregnancy four years later, she gave herself fondaparinux injections. She delivered normally after 38 weeks' gestation without experiencing DVT. Fondaparinux may be a useful anticoagulant for heparin‐intolerant pregnant women.
Effectiveness of paracetamol versus ibuprofen administration in febrile children: A systematic literature review
Authors: Narayan Kaajal , Cooper Simon , Morphet Julia , Innes Kelli 
Published: April 2017

AimThe use of antipyretics to manage the febrile child is becoming increasingly popular. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the most commonly used interventions to manage fever in children; however, there have been no comparative analyses. The aim of the study is to evaluate the evidence comparing paracetamol to ibuprofen in the treatment of fever in children.MethodsA systematic review of randomised controlled trials investigating the administration of oral paracetamol and ibuprofen to reduce fever in children. Children aged 1 month to 12 years with a temperature between 37.5 and 41°C were included. A total of 3023 papers were identified. After removal of duplications, application of inclusion criteria and screening, eight papers were subjected to critical appraisal and included in this study.ResultsSix of the studies identified that ibuprofen was slightly, but not significantly, better at reducing fever in children than paracetamol. Dosage variances and route of temperature measurement ranged between studies, limiting the comparability of studies. While ibuprofen was reported to be marginally more effective at reducing fever and fever associated discomfort in children, there is insufficient data to conclude that ibuprofen is superior to paracetamol.ConclusionThere is little evidence supporting the superior efficacy of paracetamol or ibuprofen in the treatment of fever in children with indications that both drugs are equally effective.
Bis(phenylimidazoselenazolyl) diselenide elicits antinociceptive effect by modulating myeloperoxidase activity, NOx and NFkB levels in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model
Authors: Chagas Pietro M , Fulco Bruna C W , Sari Marcel H M , Roehrs Juliano A , Nogueira Cristina W 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Bis(phenylimidazoselenazolyl) diselenide (BPIS) is an organoselenium with acute antinociceptive and antioxidant properties.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate BPIS effect on a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in mice.

Methods
Protocol of exposure consisted in arthritis induction by chicken collagen type II on day 0 with booster injection on day 21. On day 60 after collagen injection, incidence of mechanic allodynia (Von Frey test) or thermal hyperalgesia (hot plate test) was evaluated. During following 5 days, mice were treated with BPIS (0.1–1 mg/kg; p.o.; daily) or vehicle. On day 65, mice were killed, and paws and spinal cord were removed for analyses.

Key findings
Mice submitted to CIA model developed both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, which were reversed by BPIS at the highest dose. In paw, BPIS reversed the increase in myeloperoxidase activity in the CIA group. In the spinal cord, BPIS decreased NOx and NFkB levels increased in the CIA group. BPIS-treated animals had lower cyclooxygenase-2 levels in the spinal cord.

Conclusions
The myeloperoxidase activity in paw and NOx and NFkB levels in spinal cord are related to antinociceptive properties of BPIS in CIA model.
Neurobiological bases of reading disorder Part I: Etiological investigations
Authors: Xia Zhichao , Hancock Roeland , Hoeft Fumiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhile many studies have focused on identifying the neural and behavioral characteristics of decoding‐based reading disorder (RD, aka developmental dyslexia), the etiology of RD remains largely unknown and understudied. Because the brain plays an intermediate role between genetic factors and behavioral outcomes, it is promising to address causality from a neural perspective. In the current study, Part I of the two‐part review, we discuss neuroimaging approaches to addressing the causality issue and review the results of studies that have employed these approaches. We assume that if a neural signature were associated with RD etiology, it would (a) manifest across comparisons in different languages, (b) be experience independent and appear in comparisons between RD and reading‐matched controls, (c) be present both pre‐ and post‐intervention, (d) be found in at‐risk, pre‐reading children, and (e) be associated with genetic risk. We discuss each of these five characteristics in turn and summarize the studies that have examined each of them. The available literature provides evidence that anomalies in left temporo‐parietal cortex, and possibly occipito‐temporal cortex, may be closely related to the etiology of RD. Improved understanding of the etiology of RD can help improve the accuracy of early detection and enable targeted intervention of cognitive processes that are amenable to change, leading to improved outcomes in at‐risk or affected populations.
Reliability and Validity of the Persian Language Version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire ‐ Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ‐MLUTS)
Authors: POURMOMENY Abbas Ali , GHANEI Behnaz , ALIZADEH Farshid 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesAssessment instruments are essential for research, allowing diagnosis and evaluating treatment outcomes in subjects with lower urinary tract disorders of both genders. The purpose of this study was to translate the Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (MLUTS) Questionnaire and determine its psychometric properties in Persian subjects.MethodsAfter getting permission from the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire (ICIQ) web site, the forward and backward translation of the MLUTS questionnaire were carried out by researcher team. The content/face validity, construct validity and reliability were assessed in a sample of MLUTS Iranian patients by measuring with the Cronbach's alpha test.ResultsIn total, 121 male patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 60.5 years. Cronbach alpha value was 0.757, consecrated the internal consistency of the form (r > 0.7). The internal consistency of each question was examined separately and found to be over 0.7. For the evaluation of reliability test‐retest was done, the test was administered to 20% of the patients for a second time with an interval of 1–2 weeks. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) score was 0.901. The Correlation coefficient between the MLUTS and International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) was 0.879.ConclusionsICIQ‐MLUTS is a robust instrument, which can be used for evaluating male LUTS in Persian patients. We believe that the Persian version of the MLUTS is an important tool for research and clinical setting.
Comparisons of the Clinical Outcomes and Urodynamic Effects of Mirabegron versus Tolterodine Treatment for Female Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Subgroup Analysis of a Controlled, Randomised, Prospective Study
Authors: HSIAO Sheng‐Mou , CHANG Ting‐Chen , CHEN Chi‐Hau , WU Wen‐Yih , LIN Ho‐Hsiung 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThe impact of mirabegron on clinical outcome and urodynamic parameters may be important for clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and urodynamic effects of mirabegron (Betmiga 50 mg) versus tolterodine (Detrusitol ER 4 mg) treatment for women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).MethodsWomen with OAB were randomized to receive 12 weeks of mirabegron 50 mg, tolterodine extended‐release 4 mg or placebo treatment. The clinical outcomes and urodynamic effects were compared between the subgroups.ResultsThirty‐three women completed 12 weeks of mirabegron (n = 12), tolterodine (n = 12) or placebo (n = 9) treatment. A significant increase in the volumes at strong desire to void and a decrease in the daytime frequency episodes were identified in the mirabegron and tolterodine groups (all P < 0.05). Nonetheless, a decrease in the total voided volume was identified following mirabegron treatment but not tolterodine (P = 0.02).ConclusionsMirabegron and tolterodine exhibit similar changes in the urodynamics and bladder diary parameters. However, mirabegron may decrease the total voided volume. These findings may serve as an initial guide or assist in consultations regarding the treatment of OAB patients with mirabegron.
Differential gene expression in narrow‐ and broad‐headed European glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) points to a transcriptomic link of head shape dimorphism with growth rate and chemotaxis
Authors: De Meyer J. , Maes G.E. , Dirks R.P. , Adriaens D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOne of the major challenges in evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanisms underlying morphological dimorphism and plasticity, including the genomic basis of traits and links to ecology. At the yellow eel stage of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), two morphotypes are found: broad‐ and narrow‐heads. This dimorphism has been linked to dietary differences, with broad‐heads feeding on harder, larger prey than narrow‐heads. However, recent research showed that both morphotypes could be distinguished at the glass eel stage, the nonfeeding predecessor of the yellow eel stage, implying that nondietary factors play a role in the development of this head shape dimorphism. Here, we used transcriptome profiling (RNAseq) to identify differentially expressed genes between broad‐ and narrow‐headed glass eels. We found 260 significantly differentially expressed genes between the morphotypes, of which most were related to defence and immune responses. Interestingly, two genes involved in growth (soma and igf2) were significantly upregulated in narrow‐heads, while nine genes involved in chemotaxis showed significant differential expression. Thus, we found support for the observation that head shape is associated with somatic growth, with fast‐growing eels developing a narrower head. Additionally, observations in the wild have shown that slow‐growers prefer freshwater, while fast‐growers prefer brackish water. The differential expression of genes involved in chemotaxis seems to indicate that glass eel growth rate and habitat choice are linked. We hypothesize that two levels of segregation could take place in the European eel: first according to habitat choice and second according to feeding preference.