bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐weighted MRI of pulmonary lesions: Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient and lesion‐to‐spinal cord signal intensity ratio in lesion characterization
Authors: Çakmak Vefa , Ufuk Furkan , Karabulut Nevzat 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) and lesion‐to‐spinal cord signal intensity ratio (LSR) in the differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary lesions.Materials and MethodsForty‐seven patients (36 men, 11 women; range, 17–81 years) with 62 pulmonary lesions underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) performed using a 1.5T scanner during free‐breathing using b 600 s/mm2. The ADCmin values and LSR were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to detect the threshold value of the ADCmin and LSR values for discrimination between benign and malignant pulmonary lesions.ResultsThere were 42 malignant (33 primary tumors, 9 metastases) and 20 benign lesions. The mean ADCmin ± standard deviations (×10−3 mm2/s) were 1.45 ± 0.33 for malignant tumors, and 2.4 ± 0.69 for benign lesions (P < 0.001). The mean LSR ± standard deviations for lung cancer was 1.24 ± 0.78, and for benign lesions was 0.55 ± 0.57 (P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for ADCmin (0.931; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.868–0.993) was greater than that for LSR (0.801; 95% CI: 0.675–0.926) (P = 0.029). For benign/malignant discrimination, the ROC curve showed threshold value of ADCmin to be 1.78 × 10−3 mm2/s and that of LSR to be 0.86. Using these cutoff values, accuracy of ADCmin and LSR were 89%, 74%, respectively (P = 0.383).ConclusionBeing a contrast‐free and radiation‐free technique, DWI allows discrimination of benign and malignant lung lesions. The ADCmin value performed marginally better than LSR values in distinction of benign and malignant lesions.Level of Evidence: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:845–854.
T1 mapping for diagnosis of mild chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Tirkes Temel , Lin Chen , Fogel Evan L. , Sherman Stuart S. , Wang Qiushi , Sandrasegaran Kumaresan 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo determine if the T1 relaxation time of the pancreas can detect parenchymal changes in mild chronic pancreatitis (CP).Materials and MethodsThis Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant retrospective study analyzed 98 patients with suspected mild CP. Patients were grouped as normal (n = 53) or mild CP (n = 45) based on history, presenting symptomatology, and concordant findings on both the secretin‐enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (S‐MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). T1 maps were obtained in all patients using the same 3D gradient echo technique on the same 3T scanner. T1 relaxation times, fat signal fraction (FSF), and anterior–posterior (AP) diameter were correlated with the clinical diagnosis of CP.ResultsThere was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the T1 relaxation times between the control (mean = 797 msec, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 730, 865) and mild CP group (mean = 1099 msec, 95% CI: 1032, 1166). A T1 relaxation time threshold value of 900 msec was 80% sensitive (95% CI: 65, 90) and 69% specific (95% CI: 56, 82) for the diagnosis of mild CP (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.81). Multiple regression analysis showed that T1 relaxation time was the only statistically significant variable correlating with the diagnosis of CP (P < 0.0001). T1 relaxation times showed a weak positive correlation with the pancreatic FSF (ρ = 0.33, P = 0.01) in the control group, but not in the mild CP group.ConclusionThe T1 relaxation time of the pancreatic parenchyma was significantly increased in patients with mild CP. Therefore, T1 mapping might be used as a practical quantitative imaging technique for the evaluation of suspected mild CP.Level of Evidence: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1171–1176
CON/SLK due date assignment and scheduling on a single machine with two agents
Authors: Yin Yunqiang , Wang Du‐Juan , Wu Chin‐Chia , Cheng T.C.E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe consider scheduling problems involving two agents (agents A and B), each having a set of jobs that compete for the use of a common machine to process their respective jobs. The due dates of the A‐jobs are decision variables, which are determined by using the common (CON) or slack (SLK) due date assignment methods. Each agent wants to minimize a certain performance criterion depending on the completion times of its jobs only. Under each due date assignment method, the criterion of agent A is always the same, namely an integrated criterion consisting of the due date assignment cost and the weighted number of tardy jobs. Several different criteria are considered for agent B, including the maxima of regular functions (associated with each job), the total (weighted) completion time, and the weighted number of tardy jobs. The overall objective is to minimize the performance criterion of agent A, while keeping the objective value of agent B no greater than a given limit. We analyze the computational complexity, and devise polynomial or pseudo‐polynomial dynamic programming algorithms for the considered problems. We also convert, if viable, any of the devised pseudopolynomial dynamic programming algorithms into a fully polynomial‐time approximation scheme. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 416–429, 2016
Effect of Linezolid on Hematologic Recovery in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Following Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: Nedved Adrienne N. , DeFrates Sean R. , Hladnik Lindsay M. , Stockerl‐Goldstein Keith E. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveAssess the effects of linezolid on hematologic outcomes in newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following induction chemotherapy.DesignSingle‐center, retrospective, observational, cohort study.SettingLarge, tertiary care academic medical center.PatientsA total of 225 patients ≥ 18 years admitted between December 2010 and 2013 with newly diagnosed AML were assessed for inclusion. Patients were identified through the use of ICD‐9 codes and chemotherapy ordered via the computerized physician order entry system. Sixty‐eight patients met inclusion criteria and were grouped into two arms based on antimicrobial treatment: LZD group (linezolid plus gram‐negative antimicrobial, n=21) or control group (vancomycin or daptomycin plus gram‐negative antimicrobial, n=47).InterventionsThe LZD group received linezolid ≥ 72 hours. The control group received vancomycin or daptomycin ≥ 72 hours. If patients switched extended gram‐positive therapy, they were included in the LZD group as long as they had received ≥ 72 hours of linezolid.Measurements/ResultsThe primary end point of time to neutrophil recovery was not statistically different (28 days for LZD group vs 26 days for control group; p=0.675). The preplanned subgroup analysis of patients who received ≥ 14 days of linezolid demonstrated statistically similar median times to neutrophil recovery (29 days for LZD group vs 26 days for control group; p=0.487). Total duration of extended gram‐positive antimicrobial therapy was significantly longer in the LZD group (27 days vs 16 days; p<0.001). Secondary end points not found to be statistically significant included platelet count at time of neutrophil recovery, duration of neutropenia, and length of hospital stay.ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in hematologic outcomes in newly diagnosed AML patients who received linezolid for extended gram‐positive antimicrobial coverage following induction chemotherapy. This study provides new insight with a primary focus on the effects of hematologic outcomes when using linezolid in a well‐defined acute leukemia population. Further study is warranted with larger populations to assess the potential adverse effects linezolid may have in patients with acute leukemia.
Identifying Subsequent Therapies in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Factors Associated with Overall Survival
Authors: Afanasjeva Janna , Hui Rita L. , Spence Michele M. , Chang Jennifer , Schottinger Joanne E. , Millares Mirta , Rashid Nazia 
Published: August 2016

Study ObjectivesTo identify subsequent therapies used after first‐line therapies in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), compare overall survival (OS) associated with subsequent therapies, and evaluate factors associated with OS in these patients.MethodsThe study was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC (stage IIIB/IV) who were initiated on first‐line therapy from January 1, 2008, through September 30, 2013, and afterward given subsequent chemotherapy (index date). Patients had to be 18 years or older at the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. Patients were followed from the index date until one of the following end points: end of the study (September 30, 2014), disenrollment from the health plan, or death—whichever came the earliest. The primary outcome was OS. Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze OS and evaluate the factors associated with OS.ResultsThe analysis included 1280 patients on subsequent therapies. The most common subsequent therapies were pemetrexed (284 patients [22%]), erlotinib (216 patients [17%]), and docetaxel (139 patients [11%]). Patients from the singlets group had a lower OS at 6.3 months compared with all other groups: pemetrexed based, combination of pemetrexed and bevacizumab based, bevacizumab based, doublets, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (p<0.0001). Factors associated with greater OS included age younger than 65 years, female gender, and a longer time between initiation of first and subsequent therapies. Factors associated with a reduction in OS were pemetrexed‐based or singlet regimens for subsequent therapy, diagnosis of squamous histology, and a higher number of adverse events prior to subsequent therapy.ConclusionWe found that a subsequent therapy consisting of singlets is associated with reduced OS compared with other chemotherapy groups. Patient characteristics such as female gender, age younger than 65 years, diagnosis of nonsquamous histology, and/or a longer time frame between initiation of first‐line and subsequent chemotherapy are associated with longer survival.
The Development of Phosphine‐Free "Tethered" Ruthenium(II) Catalysts for the Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones and Imines
Authors: G. Nedden Hans , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Wills Martin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this account, we describe the design, synthesis and applications of tethered versions of the Ru(II)/N‐tosyl‐1,2‐diphenylethylene‐1,2‐diamine (TsDPEN) class of catalyst that are commonly used for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation and asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones and imines. The review covers key aspects of the reaction mechanisms and examples of applications, including industrial applications to pharmaceutically important target molecules. In addition, closely related catalysts based on Rh(III) and Ir(III) are also described.
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Inhibition Performance of Amphoteric Fluorinated Surfactant and its Mixed Systems on Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Liu Jin‐yan , Wang Ze‐shi , Yang Wen‐yu , Zhou Xing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractC8F17SO2NH(CH2)3N(CH3)2(CH2COO)Na (PNHD) is a novel amphoteric fluorinated surfactant. The corrosion inhibition of PNHD and its mixed systems with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or octylphenol ethoxylate 9.5 EO (TX‐10) for carbon steel Q235 in 1.0 M HCl solution was studied in this paper. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (η) was determined by weight loss, electrochemical methods and scanning electron microscope. The values of η from the three methods were almost identical. The hydrophilic head group of PNHD has two lone pairs of electrons at the nitrogen atoms, suggesting a chemisorption mechanism between carbon steel and surfactant. The PNHD and mixed systems inhibitors acted as a mixed inhibitor; there is interaction between PNHD and CTAB or TX‐100. A compact protective film was formed in PNHD and its mixed systems.
Initiators and Barriers to Discussion and Treatment of Premature Ejaculation Among Men and Their Partners in Asia Pacific – Results From a Web-based Survey
Authors: Lee George , McMahon Chris G. , McCabe Marita , Jiang Hui , Lee Sung Won , Lim Peter , Jiann Bang-Ping 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent yet under-reported sexual disorders. Differing sociocultural norms across the Asia-Pacific region provide unique challenges in PE management.

Methods
This web-based study collected data from 5,038 men and women across 11 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Respondents were recruited from an existing database.

Main Outcome Measures
The initiators and barriers for PE discussions and for seeking professional management following self-treatment, as well as their choices and expectations of healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Results
More than two-thirds of respondents have discussed PE with their partners, and men are more likely to initiate the discussion. Top drivers were for both partners to attain sexual satisfaction and greater fulfillment in the relationship. Emotional insecurity was the top barrier for men as they did not want to feel hurt or inadequate. Before consulting an HCP, more than two-thirds of men self-treated their PE for at least 20 months. The primary reason for stopping self-treatment and seeking medical management was a lack of improvement in sexual satisfaction. The ideal attributes that men seek in their HCP included trust and being knowledgeable about PE management.

Conclusion
Attitudes and barriers to PE and its treatment in the Asia-Pacific region are poorly understood. Many men are reluctant to seek professional advice and therefore resort to self-treatment for extended periods. HCPs can play a key role to empower PE sufferers and partners to understand the prevalence, medical relevance, treatability, and negative impacts of PE on sexual and overall relationships. Greater awareness of the diverse cultural and social norms, education of both partners and HCPs, and the involvement of HCPs through a patient-centric approach are all pivotal in managing PE optimally across the Asia-Pacific region.
Homophobia is Related to a Low Interest in Sexuality in General: An Analysis of Pupillometric Evoked Responses
Authors: Cheval Boris , Grob Emmanuelle , Chanal Julien , Ghisletta Paolo , Bianchi-Demicheli Francesco , Radel Remi 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A recent study by Cheval et al (J Sex Med 2016;13:825–834) found that individuals high in homophobia look significantly less long at sex-related photographs, regardless of their nature (ie, homosexual or heterosexual). Because viewing time is under some conscious control, this result could indicate that individuals high in homophobia have a low sexual interest in any sexual stimuli or are consciously motivated to avoid sexual material in line with their conscious values.

Aim
To determine the mechanism underlying shorter viewing time of sex-related photographs in individuals high in homophobia using pupil dilatation, which is considered a spontaneous, unconscious, and uncontrollable index of sexual interest.

Methods
Heterosexual men (N = 36) completed a questionnaire assessing their level of homo-negativity and then performed a picture-viewing task with simultaneous eye-tracking recording to assess their pupillary responses to the presentation of sexually related or neutral photographs.

Main Outcome Measures
Non-linear mixed models were carried out to fit the individual non-linear trajectories of pupillary reaction. Different parameters were obtained including the final asymptote of the pupillary response.

Results
Results showed that the final pupil size of men high in homophobia increased significantly less to the presentation of sex-related images (ie, heterosexual and homosexual) than the pupil size of men low in homophobia. In contrast, no significant difference in the final pupil size reaction toward homosexual images (vs heterosexual images) emerged between men high and men low in homophobia.

Conclusion
Theoretically, these findings reinforce the necessity to consider that homophobia might reflect concerns about sexuality in general and not homosexuality in particular.
Instability of a vortex sheet leaving a right-angled wedge
Authors: Davis Anthony M. J. , Llewellyn Smith Stefan G. 
Published: August 2016

We examine the dynamics of a semi-infinite vortex sheet attached not to a semi-infinite plate but instead to a rigid right-angled wedge, with the sheet aligned along one of its edges. Our approach to this problem, which was suggested by David Crighton, accords well with the fundamental ethos of Crighton’s work, which was characterized by ‘the application of rigorous mathematical approximations to fluid mechanical idealizations of practically relevant problems’ (Ffowcs Williams, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 34, 2002, pp. 37–49). The resulting linearised unsteady potential flow is forced by an oscillatory dipole in the uniform stream passing along the top of the wedge, while there is stagnant fluid in the remaining quadrant. Spatial instability is considered according to well-established methods: causality is enforced by allowing the frequency to become temporarily complex. The essentially quadrant-type geometry replaces the usual Wiener–Hopf technique by the Mellin transform. The core difficulty is that a first-order difference equation of period 4 requires a solution of period unity. As a result, the complex fourth roots $(\pm 1\pm \text{i})$ of $-4$ appear in the complementary function. The Helmholtz instability wave is excited and requires careful handling to obtain explicit results for the amplitude of the instability wave.
Associations between sleep characteristics and weight gain in an older population: results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
Authors: Kowall B , Lehnich A-T , Erbel R , Moebus S , Jöckel K-H , Stang A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
Sleep duration influences weight change in children and young adults, but there is less evidence in middle-aged, and, in particular, older adults. We assessed associations between sleep duration, daytime napping and sleep disturbances, respectively, with change of weight and waist circumference in older subjects. Contrary to previous studies, we also used two points in time to assess sleep characteristics.

Methods:
We used data from the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, a cohort study in Germany with a baseline and two follow-up visits (age 45–74 years, median follow-up 5.1 years for first, 5.2 years for second follow-up visit). In adjusted linear regression models (N=3751), we estimated weight change between baseline and first follow-up visit in relation to various self-reported sleep characteristics measured at baseline. Furthermore, we estimated change of weight and waist circumference, respectively, between first and second follow-up visit in relation to patterns of sleep characteristics measured at baseline and at the first follow-up visit (N=2837).

Results:
In all analyses, short and long sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and regular daytime napping were associated with <1 kg of weight gain and <1 cm of gain in waist circumference over 5 years compared with the respective reference categories. For example, compared with 7–<8 h night sleep, short night sleep (⩽5 h at baseline) was associated with 0.5 kg of weight gain (95% confidence interval: −0.1; 1.1 kg).

Conclusions:
Our study gave no evidence that sleep characteristics were associated with clinically relevant weight gain in the older population.
Cilium transition zone proteome reveals compartmentalization and differential dynamics of ciliopathy complexes
Authors: Dean Samuel , Moreira-Leite Flavia , Varga Vladimir , Gull Keith 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Cilia are highly conserved organelles present in most eukaryotic cell types. The transition zone (TZ) is a ciliary subdomain that acts as a “gate” to control the composition of the cilium. The importance of the TZ is reflected in the many human diseases (termed ciliopathies) that are caused by mutations in TZ complexes. Here, we use a new proteomics technique to find new components of the African trypanosome TZ. We leverage the extraordinary tractability of this system to investigate TZ proteins, localizing them to distinct subdomains within the TZ, and demonstrating their essential roles in building cilia. We show that while orthologs of some ciliopathy complexes show long-term association with the TZ, others are highly dynamic.
Stable propagation of mechanical signals in soft media using stored elastic energy
Authors: Raney Jordan R. , Nadkarni Neel , Daraio Chiara , Kochmann Dennis M. , Lewis Jennifer A. , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Advances in nonlinear mechanics have enabled the realization of a variety of nontraditional functions in mechanical systems. Intrinsic dissipation typically limits the utility of these effects, with soft polymeric materials in particular being incompatible with meaningful wave propagation. Here we demonstrate a nonlinear soft system that is able to propagate large-amplitude signals over arbitrary distances without any signal degradation. We make use of bistable beams to store and then release elastic energy along the path of the wave, balancing both dissipative and dispersive effects. The soft and 3D printable system is highly customizable and tunable, enabling the design of mechanical logic that is relevant to soft autonomous systems (e.g., soft robotics).
Second-language Discourse in the Digital World
Authors: Vandergriff Ilona 
Published: August 2016

Second-language Discourse in the Digital World illustrates a new, practice-driven approach to technology in second-language (L2) learning that begins with what L2 users do when they connect with others online. With its rich set of examples from a number of different languages and a variety of digital platforms, in and beyond the classroom, this book provides a structured account of L2 computer-mediated discourse. The book is divided into four sections. Section I considers how new media have changed language learning. Section II is about L2 participation in digital forms and practices in online communities. Sections III centers around L2 linguistic and other semiotic practices, including the use of multimodal and multilingual resources while section IV analyzes social practices to explore how networked L2 users build, maintain and challenge relationships. Written in accessible style, the volume will be an important read to anyone interested in L2 use and learning in Web 2.0.
Finalist for the AAAL 2019 book award.
The ancient Greek and Byzantine notion of dialektos
Authors: Van Rooy Raf 
Published: August 2016

By studying the different definitions from the Hellenistic era up to Byzantine times, the present paper aims at contributing to tracing the vicissitudes of the term dialektos – and the concept intertwined with it; for this aspect as yet lacks an extensive and systematic treatment. In particular, it shows that Hellenistic authors conceived of dialektos as an ethnically and/or a diatopically restricted speech form, as an anomalous variety of the koinè, and/or as a speech form vaguely characterized by a certain ‘peculiarity’. Later on, Byzantine authors both adopted and enriched this tradition. The pivotal role of the widely used image of kharaktèr also receives attention.