bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Practice Guideline
Authors: Earle Craig C , Agboola Olusegun , Maroun Jean , Zuraw Lisa ,   Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative’s Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common cause of adult cancer death. About 50% of patients present with metastatic disease, 20% with resectable disease and the remaining 30% of patients are diagnosed with incurable, locally advanced unresectable but nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the current evidence regarding treatment of incurable, locally advanced, unresectable but nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer and produce an evidence-based practice guideline.METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed. The MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the following medical subject heading search terms: ‘pancreatic neoplasms’, ‘chemotherapy, adjuvant’, ‘radiotherapy’, ‘immunotherapy’, combined with the text words: ‘chemotherapy’, ‘radiotherapy’, ‘radiation’, ‘immunotherapy’, combined with terms for the following study designs or publication types: practice guidelines, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials. The Physician Data Query clinical trials database and the proceedings of the annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (1996 to 2001) and the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (1999 to 2001) were searched for reports of new or ongoing trials. Relevant literature was selected and reviewed independently, and the reference lists from these sources were searched for additional trials. Interpretation of evidence was resolved by consensus.RESULTS: Eight randomized trials were obtained that met the inclusion criteria.CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations are to offer combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy to suitable patients. The preferred chemotherapeutic agent to combine with radiotherapy is bolus or infusional 5-fluorouracil, but the optimal mode and duration of 5-fluorouracil delivery is unclear. Chemotherapy alone with gem-citabine is an acceptable alternative.
Quality of Life Assessment after Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Czakó László , Takács Tamás , Hegyi Peter , Prónai László , Tulassay Zsolt , Lakner Lilla , Döbrönte Zoltán , Boda Krisztina , Lonovics János 
Published: March 2016

GOALS: To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic pancreatitis before and after pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in a prospective, multicentre, follow-up study.STUDY: Two groups of patients were evaluated. Group 1 consisted of 31 patients with newly diagnosed chronic pancreatitis who had never been treated with pancreatic enzyme preparations. Group 2 consisted of 39 patients whose disease was diagnosed on average 3.4 years before the start of the study. The latter group of patients had undergone pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, but during follow-up this treatment proved to be insufficient. The dose of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy was tailored in accordance with the degree of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency measured by means of exocrine pancreatic function tests. A modified European Organizaton for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess QoL.RESULTS: The social functioning and financial strain were significantly better, while the levels of hope and confidence were significantly reduced in group 1 compared with group 2. A significant gain in body weight and a significantly reduced defecation rate were found in both groups one month after the beginning of the pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy when compared with the pretreatment values. The prevalence of general and disease-specific symptoms and the intensity of pain were reduced in both groups after one month of enzyme substitution therapy. The working ability, the financial strain and the overall QoL scores were improved significantly in both groups, while the cognitive functioning score was found to be significantly improved during the follow-up only in group 1. The overall increase in the QoL score correlated significantly with the increase in body weight and the decrease in defecation number in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in patients with chronic pancreatitis not only reduced the extent of steatorrhea and pain, but also significantly improved a variety of other symptoms and the patient’s QoL. Individually tailored enzyme replacement therapy improved the QoL not only in the untreated chronic pancreatitis patients, but also in the inadequately treated group. This study demonstrated that the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, with the addition of two further questions about steatorrhea, is a useful tool for the evaluation of QoL in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Electrocardiographic Changes in Elderly Patients During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Kounis NG , Zavras GM , Papadaki PJ , Kouni SN , Batsolaki M , Gouvelou-Deligianni GV , Markoglou C , Goudevenos JA , Mallioris CN , Kokkinis C , Kalokairinou K , Grapsas N , Kounis GN , Koutsojannis CM 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory complications may occur during gastrointestinal endoscopy, and elderly people seem to be more vulnerable to these complications during endoscopic procedures involving the manipulation of abdominal viscera. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, changes in oxygen saturation, heart rate and blood pressure during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) via Holter monitoring in elderly patients older than 70 years of age.METHODS: Holter monitoring and 12-lead electrocardiograms were performed in 30 elderly patients undergoing ERCP and in 30 control subjects undergoing routine chest, abdomen, bone and upper gastrointestinal small bowel follow-through studies. A computerized nontriggered template system was used to analyze the electrocardiograms qualitatively and quantitatively. Arrhythmias, cardiac axis, conduction defects, pauses, ST segment changes, ectopic beats, oxygen desaturation and changes in blood pressure and rate-pressure product were evaluated.RESULTS: Increased heart rate, ST segment changes resulting from myocardial ischemia, oxygen desaturation and transient atrial and ventricular ectopic beats were frequent during ERCP compared with the control group. In one patient, transient left bundle branch block developed and this was attributed to pre-existing hypertension with cardiomegaly. One patient developed ventricular tachycardia and one other sinus bradycardia, but this was attributed to sick sinus syndrome.CONCLUSIONS: Transient myocardial ischemia and various cardiac arrhythmias are frequent in elderly patients undergoing ERCP. Appropriate noninvasive monitoring seems to be justified during this procedure.
Probiotic Beverage ContainingLactobacillus caseiShirota Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Constipation
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Wagner Irmtrud , Leitzmann Peter , Stern Udo , Zunft HJ Franz 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a probiotic beverage on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation.METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was conducted over a four-week period in patients with symptoms of chronic constipation (n=70). To all patients, 65 mL/day of a probiotic beverage containingLactobacillus caseiShirota (LcS) or a sensorially identical placebo was administered. Patients completed a questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms, well-being and stool habits and underwent a medical examination weekly. Severity of constipation, flatulence and bloating was summarized into four categories (severe, moderately severe, mild and no symptoms).RESULTS: The consumption of LcS resulted in a significant improvement in self-reported severity of constipation and stool consistency, starting in the second week of the intervention phase (P<0.0001). Severe and moderately severe constipation was observed less in the LcS group. The occurrence and degree of flatulence or bloating sensation did not change. In the final examination, 89% of the LcS group and 56% of the placebo group showed a positive effect of their beverage on constipation (P=0.003). No adverse reactions were reported.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with chronic constipation. The administration of probiotic foodstuffs may be recommended as an adjunctive therapy of chronic constipation.
Hepatology and The Canadian Gastroenterologist: Interest, Attitudes and Patterns of Practise: Results of a National Survey from the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology
Authors: Bain Vincent G , Wong Winnie W , Greig Paul D , Yoshida Eric M 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Hepatology has emerged as a subspecialty distinct from gastroenterology. Despite this, there is no formal certification examination or accredited training program, and training remains combined with gastroenterology.AIM: To determine attitudes, perceptions and patterns of practice with respect to liver disease among Canadian gastroenterologists.METHODS: A survey questionnaire was distributed to clinician gastroenterologists who are members of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology. The responses of subgroups of respondents were compared by univariate and multivariate statistical techniques.RESULTS: Hepatologists constituted 20 of 201 respondents, the rest identifying themselves as gastroenterologists. Among gastroenterologists, liver disease constituted 10% of in- and out-patient practice. Despite this, 85% of gastroenterologists maintain an interest in hepatology, 49% perform liver biopsies, 60% treat hepatitis C, and 54% treat hepatitis B. In all of these areas, university-based gastroenterologists were consistently less likely than community-based gastroenterologists to maintain an interest and practice in hepatology, a finding that remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis. With regard to hepatology training, 90% of hepatologists and 94% of gastroenterologists felt that hepatology training should remain combined with gastroenterology, although 55% of hepatologists felt that current training was adequate compared with 79% of gastroenterologists, who were satisfied with the status quo.CONCLUSIONS: Hepatology remains relevant and important to Canadian gastroenterologists, especially those who have community-based practices. Canadian gastroenterologists and hepatologists are not in favour of separating hepatology training from existing gastroenterology training programs, although hepatologists feel that the current level of training is suboptimal.
Oxidative Stress in Chronic Hepatitis C: The Effect of Interferon Therapy and Correlation with Pathological Features
Authors: Serejo Fátima , Emerit Ingrid , Filipe Paulo Manuel , Fernandes Afonso Camilo , Costa Maria Adília , Freitas João Pedro , de Moura Miguel Carneiro 
Published: March 2016

AIMS: To evaluate the oxidative stress parameters before, during and after interferon treatment.PATIENTS/METHODS: Twenty patients were treated with interferon α2b 5 MU, three times a week, subcutaneously, for 12 months. Liver biopsy was performed six months before treatment and at the six month follow-up. Chromosomal breakage studies were evaluated by the adjusted clastogenic score (ACS, normal value [nv] 1.1±2.4%). Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured according to the Yagi method (nv 6.6±1.4 nmol/mL) and total thiols using the Ellman’s reagent (DTNB) (nv 9.8±1.3 µmol/g protein). A serum marker of fibrogenesis, the amino-terminal propeptide of Procollagen type III (PIIIP), was quantified by radioimmunoassay (nv 0.37±0.18 U/L).RESULTS: Compared with reference samples, the plasma of patients before treatment showed an increase of ACS (9.2±3.2%, P<0.001); higher MDA values (12.6±2.7nmol/mL, P<0.001) and total plasma sulfhydryl groups (t-SH) were decreased (6.3±1.1 µmol/g protein, P<0.001). During treatment and at the follow-up, a decrease in ACS was noticed in all patients (P<0.001), but without normalization; a decrease in MDA was seen, with progressive normalization until the end of the follow up only in sustained responders (P<0.003), while an increase of t-SH was seen, with progressive normalization until the end of follow up in all patients (P<0.005). A positive correlation of ACS with grading of inflammation was found (r=0.52, P<0.03) but not with fibrosis staging. In contrast, plasma MDA correlates with fibrosis staging (r=0.51, P<0.03) and with PIIIP (r=0.57, P<0.03) but without grading of inflammation.CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the presence of oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis C patients. Interferon promotes a long term inhibition of oxidative stress with concomitant improvement of activity and fibrosis. In the management of chronic hepatitis C, adjuvant therapy with antioxidants could be useful.
Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea: Predictors of Severity in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Andrews Christopher N , Raboud Janet , Kassen Barry O , Enns Robert 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: Experiences withClostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) were reviewed to determine predictors of severity in patients presenting from the community.METHODS: All patients admitted to two hospitals over 4.5 years with a primary diagnosis of CDAD were reviewed. Patients requiring a hospital stay of greater than 14 days, colectomy, intensive care unit admission or who died were classified as ’severe CDAD’ and compared with the remainder of the patients (termed ’mild CDAD’).RESULTS: One hundred fifty-three patients (mean age 63.4±20.5 years, range 21 to 93, 64.7% female) were reviewed. Forty-four per cent of the patients had community-acquired CDAD, and the remainder had hospital-acquired disease. There were 44/153 (28.8%) patients with severe CDAD, of which 10/153 (6.5%) died. The severe group had more patients over 70 years old (75% versus 43% in the mild group, OR 3.09, CI 1.81-8.63, P<0.001) and had more comorbid disease (median two major organ systems affected [range zero to five] versus one [range zero to four] in the mild group, OR 1.52, CI 1.27-2.65, P<0.05). Patients with recurrent CDAD were more likely to have severe CDAD (12/44 versus 10/109 in the mild group, OR 4.10, CI 1.47-9.40, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Age over 70 years, comorbid illness and CDAD recurrence are significant risk factors for severe disease and a poor outcome in patients admitted to hospital for CDAD.
Uniqueness of solutions to singular p-Laplacian equations with subcritical nonlinearity
Authors: Maultsby Bevin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present a geometric approach to the study of quasilinear elliptic p-Laplacian problems on a ball in

ℝ
n

${\mathbb{R}^{n}}$

using techniques from dynamical systems. These techniques include a study of the invariant manifolds that arise from the union of the solutions to the elliptic PDE in phase space, as well as variational computations on two vector fields tangent to the invariant manifolds. We show that for a certain class of nonlinearities f with subcritical growth relative to the Sobolev critical exponent

p
*

${p^{*}}$

, there can be at most one such solution satisfying

Δ
p

⁢
u

+

f
⁢

(
u
)

=
0

${\Delta_{p}u+f(u)=0}$

on a ball with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Inverse source problem based on two dimensionless dispersion-current functions in 2D evolution transport equations
Authors: Hamdi Adel , Mahfoudhi Imed 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper deals with the nonlinear inverse source problem of identifying an unknown time-dependent point source occurring in a two-dimensional evolution advection-dispersion-reaction equation with spatially varying velocity field and dispersion tensor. The originality of this study consists in establishing a constructive identifiability theorem that leads to develop an identification method using only significant boundary observations and operating other than the classic optimization approach. To this end, we derive two dispersion-current functions that have the main property to be of orthogonal gradients which yield identifiability of the elements defining the involved unknown source from some boundary observations related to the associated state. Provided the velocity field fulfills the so-called no-slipping condition, the required boundary observations are reduced to only recording the state on the outflow boundary and its flux on the inflow boundary of the monitored domain. We establish an identification method that uses those boundary records (1) to localize the sought source position as the unique solution of a nonlinear system defined by the two dispersion-current functions, (2) to give lower and upper bounds of the total amount loaded by the unknown time-dependent source intensity function, (3) to transform the identification of this latest into solving a deconvolution problem. Some numerical experiments on a variant of the surface water BOD pollution model are presented.
Pharmacological evaluation of methanolic extract of <i>Cyperus scariosus</i>
Authors: Khan Wasi Ullah , Khan Rahmat Ali , Ahmed Mushtaq , Khan Latif Ullah , Khan Muhammad Waqas 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">The present study is aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and biological activities of methanolic extract of <em>Cyperus scariosus</em> roots. Dried plant was grounded and extracted with methanol to prepare methanol crud extract. In vitro biological tests were conducted using this methanolic extracts according to the standard procedure. 100% death rate of brine shrimp was perceived at 3 mg/mL of plant extract after 72 hours. The extract showed action against <em>Aspergillus flavius</em> i.e. 90% followed by A. niger (91%) while the highest activity was shown against <em>A. fumegatrus</em> (94%). Important scavenging results were detected during scavenging of free radicals viz; 92.2% against DPPH, 82.2% to ABTS, 75.8% to hydrogen peroxide, 88.1% to β-carotene, 86.1% to hydroxyl radical and 89.4% against phosphomolybdate at 3 mg/mL were obtained. The results obtained in this study point out that extract showed significant biological activities which might be due to the presence of bioactive constituents.</p><p> </p>
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTURELLE UND SPEKTROSKOPISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AM BA2CUTEO6
Authors: KOEHL P. , REINEN D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie röntgenographische Einkristall‐Strukturuntersuchung zeigt, daß Ba2CuTeO6 bei Zimmertemperatur in einer triklinen Jahn‐Teller‐Variante des hexagonalen Ba2NiTeO6‐Typs (12‐Schichten‐Struktur) kristallisiert mit P1¯‐Ci1 a = 5,72, b = 5,86, c = 10,19 Å, α = 107,9°, β = 1O6,2°, γ = 60,7° und Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NICKEL‐SELENIUM ALLOYS
Authors: JELINEK H. , KOMAREK K. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Dampfdrücke von Se in Ni‐Se‐Legierungen werden nach einer isopiestischen Methode zwischen 450 und 1000° und 45 und 66,6 Atom‐% Se bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ION‐SOLVENT INTERACTIONS AS STUDIED BY PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE PART 2, ZNCL2 IN ETHANOL, METHANOL AND WATER
Authors: KARCZEWSKA IWONA , KECKI ZBIGNIEW 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie‐Abhängigkeit der chemischen Verschiebung der OH‐Gruppe von der Temperatur und der Konzentration der ZnCl2‐Lösungen in Äthanol, Methanol und Wasser wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PLATZWECHSELVORGAENGE DER LIGANDEN IN FESTEN KOMPLEXSALZEN 1. MITT. INTRAMOLEKULARE ISOMERISIERUNG AN GEMISCHTEN HEXAHALOGENOKOMPLEXEN VON OSMIUM(IV)
Authors: PREETZ W. , NADLER J. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Isomerisierung reiner fester Komplexe des Typs cis‐ bzw. trans‐K2 [OsClnY6‐n], Y = Br, J: n = 2,3,4, wird bei 1 15, 125 und 135°C mit Hilfe spektrophotometrischer Messungen verfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: PLATZWECHSELVORGAENGE DER LIGANDEN IN FESTEN KOMPLEXSALZEN 2. MITT. INTERMOLEKULARER LIGANDENAUSTAUSCH IN GEMISCHTEN HEXAHALOGENOKOMPLEXEN VON OSMIUM(IV)
Authors: PREETZ W. , NADLER J. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBeim Tempern eines reinen Komplexsalzes vom Typ K, [OsC1nY6‐n], Y = Br, J ; n = 1‐5 auf 170 ‐200°C bilden sich durch intermolekulare Festkörperaustauschreaktionen alle Komplexe von n = 0‐6. Im Gleichgewichtszustand verteilen sich die Liganden statistisch über alle Spezies des Systems.
ChemInform Abstract: DAS DIMERISIERUNGSGLEICHGEWICHT 2 TICL(3,G)=TI2CL(6,G)
Authors: SIBBING ENGELBERT , SCHAEFER HARALD 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Dimerisierung des gasförmigen Titan(III)‐chlorids wurde in Gegenwart eines TiCl4‐ Überschusses mit einer statischen Methode (Gold als Manometerflüssigkeit) gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF HALIDE SULPHIDES AND HALIDE SELENIDES OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN
Authors: BRITNELL DAVID , FOWLES GERALD W. A. , RICE DAVID A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVerschiedene Darstellungsmethoden von Halogenidsulfiden und ‐seleniden von Mo und W in verschiedenen Oxidationszuständen der Metalle werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDE RADICALS PART 14, DECOMPOSITION OF 1‐ AND 2‐NAPHTHYL T‐BUTYL NITROXIDES
Authors: CALDER ALAN , FORRESTER ALEXANDER R. , MCCONNACHIE GORDON 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2‐Naphthyl‐tert.‐butyl‐nitroxid und seine Substitutionsprodukte (8‐Methyl‐, 8‐tert.‐Butyl‐, 6‐Methoxy‐, 4,5‐Dimethyl‐) sowie 1‐Naphthyl‐tert.‐butyl‐nitroxid werden sowohl in reiner Form als auch als Lösungen in Benzol 14 Tage lang bei 30°C im Dunkeln der spontanen Zersetzung überlassen.
ChemInform Abstract: CLEAVAGE OF THE SILICON‐VINYL CARBON BOND BY FLUORIDE ION, AN UNEXPECTED BETA‐HYDROXY EFFECT
Authors: CHAN T. H. , MYCHAJLOWSKIJ W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den Silyl‐vinyl‐Verbindungen (I) erhält man bei Behandlung mit Fluorid‐Ionen, z.B. entsprechenden Tetraalkylammoniumfluoriden, in DMSO die Olefine (II) und Silanole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AMINE FORMATION IN THE THERMODECOMPSITION OF DIARYLTITANOCENES IN THE PRESENCE OF DINITROGEN
Authors: SHUR V. B. , BERKOVITCH E. G. , VASILJEVA L. B. , KUDRYAVTSEV R. V. , VOL'PIN M. E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBeim Erhitzen der Diphenyl‐ und Ditolyltitanocene (I) unter einem Stickstoffdruck von 80 ‐ 100 atm.
ChemInform Abstract: PROMOTING EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR NITROGEN ON THE ISOMERIZATION OF 1‐PENTENE CATALYZED BY HYDRIDODINITROGEN TRIS‐(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)‐COBALT
Authors: PENNELLA F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Isomerisierungsreaktion von Penten‐(1) (III) zu Penten‐(2) (IV), die durch die Kobalthydrid‐Komplexe (I) und (II) katalysiert wird, läßt sich durch Zugabe von molekularem Stickstoff beschleunigen.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE DEOXIMATION
Authors: ARAUJO HUGO C. , FERREIRA GERALDO A. L. , MAHAJAN JASWANT R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVerschiedene Ketoxime (Ia)‐(Ic) lassen sich oxidativ nach bislang nicht angewandten Verfahren [a), b), c)] in guten bis sehr guten Ausbeuten zu den entsprechenden Ketonen (II) desoximieren.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUENTS ON THE FORMATION OF ACETALS OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED 1,3‐INDANDIONES
Authors: SAKANE KAZUO , OTSUJI YOSHIO , IMOTO EIJI 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den Dionen (I) entstehen mit überschüssigem Glykol (II) in säurekatalysierter Reaktion (p‐Toluolsulfonsäure) je nach Reaktionsdauer die Produkte (III)‐(V), die sich einzeln beim Erhitzen in Benzol zu den beiden anderen umwandeln lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: UNGESAETTIGTE AETHER 36. MITT. SYNTHESE UND UNTERSUCHUNG HOEHERER ALPHA,BETA‐UNGESAETTIGTER ALKENALE UND ALKADIENALE
Authors: MAKIN S. M. , GABRIELYAN S. M. , CHEBOTAREV A. S. , VLADIMIRSKAYA E. K. , MORLYAN N. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch FeCl3 katalysierte Additionen der Acetale (I) an Äthylvinyläther (II) bei Obis 20°C liefern die Triäthoxyalkane (III); diese Triäthoxyverbindungen gehen beim Erhitzen mit (NH4)H2PO4 auf 150‐160°C in die Alkenale (IV) über.