bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Wolff-Parkinson-White from Lead-I ECG Using Transfer Learning and Wavelets
Authors: Bharadwaj Shreyas , Altman Sarah , Wang Jessica , Alam Ridwan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a congenital heart defect that can trigger ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Expert inspection of a 12- lead clinical electrocardiogram (ECG) or a Holter record is the standard approach for detecting WPW syndrome. Smartwatches that acquire lead-I ECGs can enable automated detection of WPW episodes in out-of-hospital settings and prevent adverse outcomes. In this work, we explore deep-learning solutions to identify WPW syndromes on lead-I ECG. Scarcity of labeled ECG data for WPW and other cardiac conduction disorders poses a major challenge for training data-driven methods. Moreover, generalizability of such methods to external patient population remains unexplored. To address these challenges, first we implement and compare multiple existing strategies from time-domain augmentations on the lead-I ECG to transfer learning of Imagenet-models for ECG wavelet transformations. Training and holdout validation of these methods are conducted using about 14,000 ECGs from PTB-XL, a publicly available ECG dataset. Moreover, we explore generalization of these methods by external validation on the data from 140 patients from the Tongji Hospital ECG Database. While these methods achieve 88% sensitivity and 99% specificity in identifying a lead-I ECG with evident WPW, and an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.99 on the holdout set from PTB-XL, the sensitivity drops to 58% with an AUC of 0.88 on the external validation. Finally, we propose a novel data augmentation strategy by incorporating labeled data from an umbrella super-class of cardiac conduction disorders, instead of WPW alone, thus naturally reducing the data imbalance for model training. We apply these models as zero-shot transfer learning for discriminating WPW from normal ECG. While this approach achieves similar performance during holdout validation, it also demonstrates strong performance on the external Tongji dataset with sensitivity 0.78 and AUC 0.91. This result shows significant generalizability of the proposed method and highlights the potential of deep-learning solutions in monitoring WPW syndrome with lead-I ECG in outof-hospital general populace settings.
Engineered Nanobodies Bind Theranostic Main Group Metals
Authors: Ghosh Pritha , Davies Lani J. , Nitsche Christoph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTargeted theranostics heavily rely on metal isotopes conjugated to antibodies. Single-domain antibodies, known as nanobodies, are much smaller in size without compromising specificity and affinity. The conventional way of conjugating metals to nanobodies involves non-specific modification of amino acid residues with bifunctional chelating agents. We demonstrate that mutagenesis of a single residue in a nanobody creates a triple cysteine motif that selectively binds bismuth which is, for example, used in targeted alpha therapy. Two mutations create a quadruple cysteine mutant specific for gallium and indium used in positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography, respectively. Labelling is quantitative within a few minutes. The metal nanobodies maintain structural integrity and stability over weeks, resist competition from endogenous metal binders like glutathione, and retain functionality.
Combined Stochastic Models for the Evaluation of Cancer Progression and Patient Trajectories
Authors: Wieland Vincent , Hasenauer Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCancer is a major burden of disease around the globe and one of the leading causes of premature death. The key to improve patient outcomes in modern clinical cancer research is to gain insights into dynamics underlying cancer evolution in order to facilitate the search for effective therapies. However, most cancer data analysis tools are designed for controlled trials and cannot leverage routine clinical data, which are available in far greater quantities. In addition, many cancer models focus on single disease processes in isolation, disregarding interaction This work proposes a unified stochastic modelling framework for cancer progression that combines (stochastic) processes for tumour growth, metastatic seeding, and patient survival to provide a comprehensive understanding of cancer progression. In addition, our models aim to use non-equidistantly sampled data collected in clinical routine to analyse the whole patient trajectory over the course of the disease. The model formulation features closed-form expressions of the likelihood functions for parameter inference from clinical data. The efficacy of our model approach is demonstrated through a simulation study involving four exemplary models, which utilise both analytic and numerical likelihoods. The results of the simulation studies demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the analytic likelihood formulations. We found that estimation can retrieve the correct model parameters and reveal the underlying data dynamics, and that this modelling framework is flexible in choosing the precise parameterisation. This work can serve as a foundation for the development of combined stochastic models for guiding personalized therapies in oncology.
The glia club: Validation of polarization biomarkers for human microglia (HMC3) using quantitative real time RT-qPCR
Authors: Franck Esmé S. M. , Storm Jasmyne A. , Lu Jueqin , Obtial Mon Francis M. , Wijenayake Sanoji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroglia are the primary immune cells of the brain and play critical roles in neurodevelopment, neuroprotection, the maintenance of homeostasis, and neurotoxicity. Classification of microglia polarization, however, remains contentious. Identifying suitable biomarkers for gene expression analysis of microglia polarization is crucial for characterizing the biological significance of microglia in health and disease. In this study, we use human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells to validate and test suitable internal controls (GAPDH,PKM,18S, ACTB, PGK1, TKT1, TPI1), homeostatic (CD68, TGF-β, IBA1, BIN1, RGS10), proinflammatory (IL-6, CXCL10, CCL5, SAA, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (CCL2, SOCS3, IL-10, CD200R1, ARG1) markers along with their transcriptional profiles upon interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation to characterize the microglia polarization spectrum. Our study is the first to present a comprehensive list of biomarkers with detailed methodology on gene selection, primer design, RT-qPCR parameters, and transcript abundance in baseline and polarized HMC3 cells. Our study will increase the rigor of gene expression analysis and target selection in a widely used brain macrophage.
Multiturn simulation of radiative Bhabha scattering in the equivalent photon approximation
Authors: Kicsiny Peter , Buffat Xavier , Schulte Daniel , Burkhardt Helmut , Pieloni Tatiana , Seidel Mike 
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present a Monte Carlo event generator for radiative Bhabha scattering, based on the method of equivalent photons, and optimized for multiturn tracking simulations in the framework. We demonstrate the accuracy of the event generator with successful benchmarks of the luminosity and event cross section against currently existing alternative tools. Consequently, we use it to investigate existing estimates of the radiative Bhabha scattering beam lifetime at the FCC-ee, as well as the impact of radiative Bhabha scattering on the beam dynamics, using full nonlinear tracking models.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Knowledge structure and theme trends on mHealth apps for COVID-19: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ramzy Mina 
Published: September 2024

PurposeRecently, mHealth apps for COVID-19 have emerged as a new research area due to the diverse efforts to control the COVID-19 epidemic. Although there are many bibliometric studies on mHealth and its applications, no bibliometric study sheds light on mHealth apps for COVID-19 as a new research area. To address the above-mentioned research gap, the current study conducts a bibliometric analysis of research in mHealth apps for COVID-19. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the new area and its directions.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a bibliometric approach to provide an analysis of the overall status of research in mHealth apps for COVID-19. The Scopus database provided by Elsevier was used to extract the analyzed data in this study. SciVal was used to perform the analyses, while VOSviewer was used for scientific mapping.FindingsA total of 457 publications were published between 2020 and 2021 (until Tuesday, June 1) and cited 3,559 times. Publications were written by 2,375 authors, with an average of 5.20 authors per publication. Articles play a pivotal role in the literature on mHealth apps for COVID-19 in terms of production and impact. The research area of mHealth apps for COVID-19 is multidisciplinary. The United States made the largest contribution to this area, while the UK was the most influential. This study reveals the most productive and influential sources, institutions and authors. It also reveals the research hotspots and major thematic clusters in mHealth apps for COVID-19, highly cited publications and the international collaboration network.Originality/valuemHealth apps for COVID-19 are gaining more and more importance due to their influential role in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic. Using bibliometric analysis, the study contributes to defining the knowledge structure of global research in mHealth apps for COVID-19 as a new, interdisciplinary area of research that has not previously been studied. Therefore, the study results and the comprehensive picture obtained about research in mHealth apps for COVID-19, especially at the level of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence applications, make it an effective supplement to the expert evaluation in the field.
Advancing the software development process through the development of technology-enabled dynamic capabilities in a project-based firm: insights from action design research
Authors: Sebrek Szabolcs Szilárd , Semenova Viktoriia , Kosztyán Zsolt Tibor 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study aims to extend the dynamic capabilities (DCs) perspective to the project management context. The authors present supporting evidence for analyzing the creation process of DCs during the redesign of the software development process, and they examine the impact of those capabilities on organizational performance and transformation.Design/methodology/approachAn action design research approach, combined with simulation and qualitative analysis, is adopted to examine the emergence of technology-enabled DCs supported by their microfoundations and the modernization of the software development process in the target firm.FindingsAnalyzing the successful internal transformation of a software development company that was facing a slow and inconsistent product development process reveals the effectiveness of extending the DC perspective to a project-based setting. The implementation of a new project methodology and the introduction of an innovative document-handling system facilitated the renewal of the company's software development process. This led to improvements in lead time and total costs, resulting in enhanced project performance as well as customer and employee satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis study draws managerial attention to the microlevel activities of technology-enabled DC formation, such as precise calculations, external expert consultations and tool deployment.Originality/valueBy applying the sensing–seizing–transforming framework with concomitant microfoundations in a longitudinal way, this article explains the role that technology plays as the basis for DCs and analyzes the cost–benefit balance of DC development in project-based organizations.
Examining the nexus between technostress and turnover intention: the moderating influence of PsyCap in Indian information management contexts
Authors: Sharma Indu , Tiwari Vivek , Gupta Shivam , Rana Nripendra P. 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe recent pandemic (COVID-19) and the continuous ICT advancements have resulted in increased levels of technostress. On this basis, the present work tried to explore how technostress influences employees’ turnover intention with the mediation of work-exhaustion. Deploying the theoretical lens of job demands-resources theory, the authors also aim to investigate the part that positive psychological capital (PsyCap) has to play as a moderator in between technostress and work-exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes a time-lagged methodological design; data was gathered from 544 Indian IT employees. Additionally, PLS-SEM was used to carry out the aforementioned moderation-mediation analysis.FindingsAll the hypotheses proposed were confirmed. It was found that technostress significantly impacts employees’ turnover intention. Additionally, work-exhaustion does mediate the relationship between technostress and employees’ turnover intention. Furthermore, PsyCap did play the role of a moderator between Technostress and work-exhaustion.Practical implicationsThis paper provides an augmented understanding of technostress in IT organizations and highlights the role of personal resources in aiding employees’ to deal with technostress.Originality/valueThis study is one of the early studies to highlight the role of positive psychological capital in mitigating the impact of technology-induced exhaustion and employees’ turnover intention.
Bimekizumab efficacy and safety in Korean patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: A phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study
Authors: Youn Sang Woong , Jo Seong Jin , Park Chul Jong , Kim Dong Hyun , Shin Bong Seok , Jeong Ki Heon , Bang Chul Hwan , Cross Nancy , Thirlwell Jackie , Hoepken Bengt 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBimekizumab treatment has demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis; however, studies so far have focused on predominantly White patient populations from North America and Europe, with one smaller study in a Japanese population. Here, clinical responses, safety, and tolerability of bimekizumab treatment in Korean patients are reported. Korean patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were randomized to bimekizumab 320 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) or placebo Q4W to week 16. Co‐primary efficacy end points were achievement of ≥90% improvement from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) and Investigator's Global Assessment score of 0/1 (clear/almost clear) at week 16. Secondary efficacy end points included achievement of PASI 75 at week 4 and Dermatology Life Quality Index 0/1 at week 16. Safety outcomes were also assessed. Statistical analysis of the co‐primary efficacy end points was performed using a type I error rate, at a two‐sided α level of 0.05. Overall, 47 Korean patients were randomized to treatment (bimekizumab: 32, placebo: 15). At week 16, bimekizumab‐treated patients had significantly higher clinical responses versus placebo‐treated patients (PASI 90: 81.3% vs. 0%; IGA 0/1: 87.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.001 for both). Bimekizumab showed a rapid onset of clinical response, with 75.0% of patients achieving PASI 75 by week 4 (0% in placebo patients [nominal p < 0.001]). A higher proportion of bimekizumab‐treated patients achieved DLQI 0/1 at week 16 (46.9% vs. 6.7% in placebo patients, nominal p = 0.007), indicating greater improvements in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) following bimekizumab treatment. Bimekizumab was well‐tolerated in Korean patients, with no new safety signals identified. Treatment with bimekizumab led to rapid improvements in clinical responses and HRQoL versus placebo in Korean patients, consistent with responses in global populations. These findings suggest that bimekizumab is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option in Korean patients with psoriasis.
There and there again: Hydrothermal vent communities at Mokuyo Seamount, 30 years apart
Authors: Chen Chong , Methou Pierre , Yamamoto Daiki , Kayamori Maki , Nomaki Hidetaka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeep‐sea hydrothermal vents are biological hotspots driven by microbial chemosynthetic primary production and characterized by a high proportion of endemic, specially adapted species. Vent communities can be unstable depending on the geological setting, as the underlying geofluid supply may change in location and chemical composition over a decadal timescale. Although the Izu‐Ogasawara Arc in Japan is home to many vent fields within an Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Area (EBSA), no observations of decadal changes have been conducted. On Mokuyo Seamount, venting was first confirmed by several submersible dives between 1990 and 1993, but only fragmentary information has been published on its biodiversity. Here, we revisited Mokuyo on two dives between 2021 and 2024, three decades after its discovery. We found changes in venting activities, with the fluid supply on the northern caldera wall almost completely waned, while the northeastern face of the central cone has become increasingly active. The northwestern ridge of the central cone was covered in a dense white plume, under which xenophyophores (giant protists) thrive. The first comprehensive faunal sampling at Mokuyo greatly updated the faunal list from three to 18 species. Our results suggest vent communities on the Izu‐Ogasawara Arc shift on a decadal scale, providing key baseline data for future conservation planning of the EBSA.
Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of Critically Endangered Oreochromis karongae (Trewavas, 1941) Along Lake Nyasa, Tanzania
Authors: Nehemia Alex , Mwakalesi Alinanuswe J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFish provide food and income opportunities for millions of people in Lake Nyasa, also known as Lake Malawi in Malawi and Lake Niassa in Mozambique. Oreochromis karongae (Trewavas, 1941), which is native to Lake Nyasa, Lake Malombe and the Shire River, is at the verge of extinction and has been listed as critically endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), primarily due to overfishing. Using 632 bp of partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from 115 samples, this work aims to assess the population genetic status and demographic history of this species to better manage and advance its conservation. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a low and non‐significant genetic differentiation index across the populations under study (ΦST = 0.003, p = 0.278), indicating a lack of population genetic structure. Phylogenetic analysis, grouped together all COI haplotypes of O. karongae from the six sampled sites. Nonetheless, the results showed signs of population expansion from a historic bottleneck, consistent with most data from the Western Indian Ocean Fauna. The findings from this study could be used to improve management and conservation strategies for critically endangered O. karongae in Lake Nyasa.
Intrathecal catheter placement after inadvertent dural puncture in the obstetric population: management for labour and operative delivery. Guidelines from the Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association
Authors: Griffiths Sarah K. , Russell Robin , Broom Malcolm A. , Devroe Sarah , Van de Velde Marc , Lucas D. N. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundAnaesthetists of all grades who work on a labour ward are likely to be involved in the insertion or management of an intrathecal catheter after inadvertent dural puncture at some point in their careers. Although the use of intrathecal catheters after inadvertent dural puncture in labour has increased in popularity over recent decades, robust evidence on best practice has been lacking.MethodsThe Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association set up an expert working party to review the literature. A modified Delphi approach was used to produce statements and recommendations on insertion and management of intrathecal catheters for labour and operative delivery following inadvertent dural puncture during attempted labour epidural insertion. Statements and recommendations were graded according to the US Preventive Services Task Force grading methodology.ResultsA total of 296 articles were identified in the initial literature search. Further screening identified 111 full text papers of relevance. A structured narrative review was produced which covered insertion of an intrathecal catheter; initial dosing; maintenance of labour analgesia; topping‐up for operative delivery; safety features; complications; and recommended follow‐up. The working party agreed on 17 statements and 26 recommendations. These were generally assigned a low or moderate level of certainty. The safety of mother and baby were a key priority in producing these guidelines.ConclusionsWith careful management, intrathecal catheters can provide excellent labour analgesia and may also be topped‐up to provide anaesthesia for caesarean or operative vaginal delivery. The use of intrathecal catheters, however, also carries the risk of significant drug errors which may result in high‐ or total‐spinal anaesthesia, or even cardiorespiratory arrest. It is vital that all labour wards have clear guidelines on the use of these catheters, and that staff are educated as to their potential complications.
Unveiling the intricacies of chronic kidney disease: From ocular manifestations to therapeutic frontiers
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Guldan Mustafa , Ozbek Lasin , Copur Sidar , Mallamaci Francesca , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundShared anatomical, histological and physiological pathways between the kidney and the eye are well documented, demonstrating that ocular manifestations serve as valuable prognostic indicators in chronic kidney disease (CKD), providing insights into disease severity and progression. Through non‐invasive imaging modalities such as retinal fundus photography, early retinal microvascular alterations indicative of CKD progression can be detected, enabling timely intervention and risk stratification. However, the conclusions drawn from the review primarily demonstrate a strong or independent association between glaucoma or retinopathy and CKD.Results and ConclusionMultiple shared pathophysiological events have been implicated in the pathogenesis in the alterations at eye and kidney including renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system. Patients with CKD are more likely to experience glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration, cataracts, uremic optic neuropathy and retinopathy. To establish the role of ocular manifestations in predicting CKD progression, it is crucial to address the limitations of correlation and explore the underlying causality with further research on common disease pathogenesis. Additionally, specific methods for risk stratification based on retinal changes, the effectiveness of timely interventions, and the development of predictive tools combining ocular and renal data are of utmost importance research topics to enlighten the bidirectional causality.
No gold‐diggers here: Women investors in colonial Australian mining
Authors: Fleming Grant , Liu Zhangxin (Frank) , Merrett David , Ville Simon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe draw upon an extensive database of investors in colonial Australian mining, during the 1850s–80s, to provide the first historical analysis of the nature of women's share investing in Australia. Women were a minority of investors by number and value of holdings and faced a series of obstacles, yet their presence grew throughout the period. Most women invested independently neither drawing on male relatives nor other women. Many opted for only a single investment in this high‐risk industry, but a small minority built significant portfolios. We reveal that women managed these risks differently from men, taking account of their attitudes towards company characteristics, investor location, portfolio diversification, and the cyclical trends in mining.