bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles megacity: a high-resolution land–atmosphere modelling system for urban CO2 emissions
Authors: Feng Sha , Lauvaux Thomas , Newman Sally , Rao Preeti , Ahmadov Ravan , Deng Aijun , Díaz-Isaac Liza I. , Duren Riley M. , Fischer Marc L. , Gerbig Christoph , Gurney Kevin R. , Huang Jianhua , Jeong Seongeun , Li Zhijin , Miller Charles E. , O'Keeffe Darragh , Patarasuk Risa , Sander Stanley P. , Song Yang , Wong Kam W. , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Megacities are major sources of anthropogenic fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions. The spatial extents of these large urban systems cover areas of 10 000 km2 or more with complex topography and changing landscapes. We present a high-resolution land–atmosphere modelling system for urban CO2 emissions over the Los Angeles (LA) megacity area. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Chem model was coupled to a very high-resolution FFCO2 emission product, Hestia-LA, to simulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations across the LA megacity at spatial resolutions as fine as  ∼  1 km. We evaluated multiple WRF configurations, selecting one that minimized errors in wind speed, wind direction, and boundary layer height as evaluated by its performance against meteorological data collected during the CalNex-LA campaign (May–June 2010). Our results show no significant difference between moderate-resolution (4 km) and high-resolution (1.3 km) simulations when evaluated against surface meteorological data, but the high-resolution configurations better resolved planetary boundary layer heights and vertical gradients in the horizontal mean winds. We coupled our WRF configuration with the Vulcan 2.2 (10 km resolution) and Hestia-LA (1.3 km resolution) fossil fuel CO2 emission products to evaluate the impact of the spatial resolution of the CO2 emission products and the meteorological transport model on the representation of spatiotemporal variability in simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that high spatial resolution in the fossil fuel CO2 emissions is more important than in the atmospheric model to capture CO2 concentration variability across the LA megacity. Finally, we present a novel approach that employs simultaneous correlations of the simulated atmospheric CO2 fields to qualitatively evaluate the greenhouse gas measurement network over the LA megacity. Spatial correlations in the atmospheric CO2 fields reflect the coverage of individual measurement sites when a statistically significant number of sites observe emissions from a specific source or location. We conclude that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the LA megacity are composed of multiple fine-scale plumes rather than a single homogenous urban dome. Furthermore, we conclude that FFCO2 emissions monitoring in the LA megacity requires FFCO2 emissions modelling with  ∼  1 km resolution because coarser-resolution emissions modelling tends to overestimate the observational constraints on the emissions estimates.
Regional climate signal vs. local noise: a two-dimensional view
of water isotopes in Antarctic firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud
Land
Authors: Münch Thomas , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Freitag Johannes , Meyer Hanno , Laepple Thomas 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In low-accumulation regions, the reliability of δ18O-derived temperature signals from ice cores within the Holocene is unclear, primarily due to the small climate changes relative to the intrinsic noise of the isotopic signal. In order to learn about the representativity of single ice cores and to optimise future ice-core-based climate reconstructions, we studied the stable-water isotope composition of firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Analysing δ18O in two 50 m long snow trenches allowed us to create an unprecedented, two-dimensional image characterising the isotopic variations from the centimetre to the 100-metre scale. Our results show seasonal layering of the isotopic composition but also high horizontal isotopic variability caused by local stratigraphic noise. Based on the horizontal and vertical structure of the isotopic variations, we derive a statistical noise model which successfully explains the trench data. The model further allows one to determine an upper bound for the reliability of climate reconstructions conducted in our study region at seasonal to annual resolution, depending on the number and the spacing of the cores taken.
Debris flow impact estimation on a rigid barrier
Authors: Vagnon Federico , Segalini Andrea 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse debris flow impact against rigid and undrained barrier in order to propose a new formulation for the estimation of acting force after the flow impact to safe design protection structures. For this reason, this work concentrates on the flow impact, by performing a series of small scale tests in a specifically created flume. Flow characteristics (flow height and velocity) and applied loads (dynamic and static) on barrier were measured using four ultrasonic devices, four load cells and a contact surface pressure gauge. The results obtained were compared with main existing models and a new equation is proposed. Furthermore, a brief review of the small scale theory was provided to analyse the scale effects that can affect the results.
De voordelen en nadelen klevend aan de afschaffing van de legitieme portie
Authors: Geerlof A.M.A. 
Published: July 2016

De voordelen en nadelen klevend aan de afschaffing van de legitieme portie
Na 144 jaren een prominente rol in het Curaçaose erfrecht te hebben gespeeld, is de legitieme portie op 1 januari 2012 afgeschaft. In haar masterscriptie getiteld De voordelen en nadelen klevend aan de afschaffing van de legitieme portie onderzoekt de auteur de voor- en nadelen die deze wijziging teweegbrengen. Dit artikel is een bewerking van voornoemde masterscriptie.
The dealing of SIDS with recent challenges in taxation and tax systems – will domestic resource mobilization be the key to sustainable development?
Authors: Scoop E.M.L. 
Published: July 2016

The dealing of SIDS with recent challenges in taxation and tax systems – will domestic resource mobilization be the key to sustainable development?
Tax revenues are used to invest in sustainable development and economic growth in order to strengthen the effective functioning of the state, combat poverty, deliver public services and achieve other goals. This also applies to developing countries. However, developing countries and, in particular, the so-called Small Islands Development States (SIDS), including Curaçao, face many challenges in achieving these goals. SIDS additionally face other challenges because of their specific social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. SIDS should focus on strengthening domestic resource mobilization. Despite their progress in improving tax systems, international regulations such as CRS, FATCA, BEPS have brought new challenges.
GaInN-based tunnel junctions with graded layers
Authors: Takasuka Daiki , Akatsuka Yasuto , Ino Masataka , Koide Norikatsu , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Iwaya Motoaki , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We demonstrated low-resistivity GaInN-based tunnel junctions using graded GaInN layers. A systematic investigation of the samples grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy revealed that a tunnel junction consisting of a 4 nm both-sides graded GaInN layer (Mg: 1 × 1020 cm−3) and a 2 nm GaN layer (Si: 7 × 1020 cm−3) showed the lowest specific series resistance of 2.3 × 10−4 Ω cm2 at 3 kA/cm2 in our experiment. The InN mole fraction in the 4 nm both-sides graded GaInN layer was changed from 0 through 0.4 to 0. The obtained resistance is comparable to those of standard p-contacts with Ni/Au and MBE-grown tunnel junctions.
Comparison between power-law rheological parameters of living cells in frequency and time domains measured by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Takahashi Ryosuke , Okajima Takaharu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We investigated how stress relaxation mapping is quantified compared with the force modulation mapping of confluent epithelial cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using a multi-frequency AFM technique, we estimated the power-law rheological behaviors of cells simultaneously in time and frequency domains. When the power-law exponent α was low (<0.1), the α values were almost the same in time and frequency domains. On the other hand, we found that at the high values (α > 0.1), α in the time domain was underestimated relative to that in the frequency domain, and the difference increased with α, whereas the cell modulus was overestimated in the time domain. These results indicate that power-law rheological parameters estimated by stress relaxation are sensitive to lag time during initial indentation, which is inevitable in time-domain AFM experiments.
Optical refractive index biosensor using evanescently coupled lateral Bragg gratings on silicon-on-insulator
Authors: Mendez-Astudillo Manuel , Takahisa Hiroki , Okayama Hideaki , Nakajima Hirochika 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we present a compact silicon-on-insulator optical biosensor based on lateral Bragg gratings evanescently coupled to a waveguide. The device is fabricated by electron-beam lithography and dry-etched in a single step with inductive coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE). Fully etched grating couplers are used to couple the light in and out of the chip, while lateral Bragg gratings are used as the sensing element of the device. A sensitivity of 22 nm/RIU is obtained by exposing the device to deionized water with different NaCl concentrations with a footprint area of 15 × 4 µm2 that allows for densely multiplexed solutions.
Oceanic teleconnection for carbon dioxide
Authors: Ito Takamitsu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBiogeochemical teleconnection links seemingly unrelated chemical/biological anomalies that are geographically separated by large distances. Bronselaer et al. propose a new mechanism for an interhemispheric teleconnection of air‐sea carbon dioxide fluxes in which the upwelling of the Southern Ocean triggers a series of perturbations leading to the alteration of the carbon uptake in the North Atlantic.
Imaging the plate boundary between Greenland and North America within the Kane Basin by means of geophysical data
Authors: Ehrhardt Axel , Schnabel Michael , Damm Volkmar , Piepjohn Karsten 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Nares Strait is a waterway separating NW Greenland and North America. The nature of the Nares Strait has been subject of discussion for decades, especially if it represents a transform fault that compensated the opening of the Baffin Bay in the Paleogene as Alfred Wegener supposed in 1912. The Kane Basin in the central part of Nares Strait provides an opportunity to cross the proposed fault. Geophysical data were acquired in 2001 and 2010, including among others multichannel and wide‐angle seismic data. The eastern part of the Kane Basin is characterized by a solid platform most likely representing a continuation of the Paleoproterozoic Inglefield‐Mobile‐Belt (Greenland). In the western part, a sedimentary basin with northwestward tilted and eroded layers of Cretaceous age can be resolved. The transition between those two units shows the plate boundary between Greenland and North America and can be considered as a relic of the Wegener Fault.
Reconciling observed and modeled temperature and precipitation trends over Europe by adjusting for circulation variability
Authors: Saffioti Claudio , Fischer Erich M. , Scherrer Simon C. , Knutti Reto 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEurope experienced a pronounced winter cooling of about −0.37°C/decade in the period 1989–2012, in contrast to the strong warming simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 multimodel average during the same period. Even more pronounced discrepancies between observed and simulated short‐term trends are found at the local scale, e.g., a strong winter cooling over Switzerland and a pronounced reduction in precipitation along the coast of Norway. We show that monthly sea level pressure variability accounts for much of the short‐term variations of temperature over most of the domain and of precipitation in certain regions. Removing the effect of atmospheric circulation through a regression approach reconciles the observed temperature trends over Europe and Switzerland and the precipitation trend along the coast of Norway with the corresponding multimodel mean trends.
On the 630 nm red‐line pulsating aurora: Red‐line Emission Geospace Observatory observations and model simulations
Authors: Liang Jun , Donovan E. , Jackel B. , Spanswick E. , Gillies M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study, we present observations of red‐line (630 nm) pulsating auroras using the camera system of Red‐line Emission Geospace Observatory (REGO), during a geomagnetic storm interval. We also develop a time‐dependent model to simulate the 630 nm auroral pulsations in response to modulated precipitation inputs and compare the model outputs with REGO observations. Key results are as follows. (1) Notwithstanding the long radiative timescale of the 630 nm emission, red‐line auroras can still be modulated by pulsating electron precipitations and feature noticeable oscillations, which constitute the red‐line pulsating auroral phenomena. (2) In a majority of cases, the oscillation magnitude of red‐line pulsating auroras is substantially smaller than that of the concurrent pulsating auroras seen on Thermal Emission Imaging System whitelight images (generally dominated by 557.7 nm green‐line emissions). Under certain circumstances, e.g., when the characteristic energy of the precipitation is very high, some of the pulsating auroras may not show discernible imprints on red line. (3) The altitude range contributing most to the red‐line pulsating aurora is systematically lower than that of the steady‐state red‐line aurora, since the slower O(1D) loss rate at higher altitudes tends to suppress the oscillation range of the 630 nm emission rate. (4) We find that some pulsating auroral patches are characterized by enhanced red‐to‐green color ratio during their on time, hinting that the percentage increase of the red‐line auroral component exceeds that of the green‐line auroral component for those patches. We suggest that those special patches might possibly be associated with lower energy (<1 keV) electron precipitations.
Glucosylsphingosine is a key biomarker of Gaucher disease
Authors: Murugesan Vagishwari , Chuang Wei‐Lien , Liu Jun , Lischuk Andrew , Kacena Katherine , Lin Haiqun , Pastores Gregory M. , Yang Ruhua , Keutzer Joan , Zhang Kate , Mistry Pramod K. 
Published: July 2016

Gaucher disease (GD) involves the accumulation of glucosylceramide (GL1) and its deacylated lysolipid, glucosylsphingosine (lyso‐GL1) which is implicated in mediating immune dysregulation and skeletal disease. The aim of our study was to assess plasma Lyso‐GL1 as a biomarker of GD and its response to therapy.Plasma lyso‐GL1 in 169 patients with GD type 1 (GD1) was measured by LC‐MS/MS. Significant predictors of plasma LGL1 were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney test and multiple linear regression. Propensity scores were used to match patients on treatment mode: Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) vs. Eliglustat Tartrate SRT (ELI‐SRT).Plasma Lyso‐GL1 levels in healthy controls averaged 1.5 ng/ml (1.3–1.7; 95% CI). In untreated GD patients, the levels were massively elevated (180.9 ng/ml: 95% CI, 145.4–216.5) and imiglucerase ERT resulted in marked reduction (89 ng/ml: 95% CI, 69.2–129.4) (P < 0.001). Lyso‐GL1 correlated with chitotriosidase (r = 0.59 P < 0.001), CCL18 (r = 0.62 P <0.001), hepatomegaly (r = 0.28 P < 0.001), splenomegaly (r = 0.27 P = 0.003), splenectomy (P = 0.01) and treatment mode (P < 0.001). By multiple linear regression, the strongest predictors of lyso‐GL1 were age (P < 0.001), splenectomy (P = 0.02), Chitotriosidase (P < 0.001) and CCL18 levels (P = 0.001). After propensity score matching to obtain comparable groups of patients on ERT vs ELI‐SRT, lyso‐GL1 levels were lower among patients receiving ELI‐SRT by 113 ng/ml (95% CI: 136–90.3 ng/ml P < 0.001).Plasma lyso‐GL1 is a key biomarker of GD. ERT reduced lyso‐GL1 levels. By propensity scoring, ELI‐SRT resulted in greater reduction of lyso‐GL1 than ERT. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1082–1089, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hocheffiziente Synthese von multiantennären “bisected” N‐Glycanen über Imidate
Authors: Mönnich Manuel , Eller Steffen , Karagiannis Theodoros , Perkams Lukas , Luber Thomas , Ott Dimitri , Niemietz Mathäus , Hoffman Joanna , Walcher Janika , Berger Lukas , Pischl Matthias , Weishaupt Markus , Wirkner Cathrin , Lichtenstein Rachel G. , Unverzagt Carlo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie Gegenwart von N‐Glycanen mit einer bisecting GlcNAc‐Modifikation auf Glycoproteinen hat viele Auswirkungen in der Entwicklungs‐ und Immunbiologie. Allerdings ist es schwierig diese N‐Glycane aus der Natur oder durch Synthese zu erhalten. Für bisected N‐Glycane des komplexen Typs haben wir eine flexible und allgemeine Synthesemethode entwickelt, die auf modularen TFAc‐geschützten Donoren für alle Antennen basiert. Die TFAc‐geschützten N‐Glycane sind besonders geeignet für die späte Einführung eines bisecting GlcNAc‐Rests. Damit können erstmals gleichzeitig multiantennäre N‐Glycane und ihre bisected Derivate durch einen einzigen Syntheseweg erhalten werden. Dies gelingt sequentiell mit Imidatdonoren in beispiellosen Ausbeuten und sogar durch eine Eintopf‐Doppelglycosylierung. Mit der neuen Methode können die seltenen bisected N‐Glycane einfach erhalten werden und damit zur Aufklärung der biologischen Rollen von bisecting GlcNAc‐Modifikationen bereitgestellt werden.
An Epigenetics‐Inspired DNA‐Based Data Storage System
Authors: Mayer Clemens , McInroy Gordon R. , Murat Pierre , Van Delft Pieter , Balasubramanian Shankar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBiopolymers are an attractive alternative to store and circulate information. DNA, for example, combines remarkable longevity with high data storage densities and has been demonstrated as a means for preserving digital information. Inspired by the dynamic, biological regulation of (epi)genetic information, we herein present how binary data can undergo controlled changes when encoded in synthetic DNA strands. By exploiting differential kinetics of hydrolytic deamination reactions of cytosine and its naturally occurring derivatives, we demonstrate how multiple layers of information can be stored in a single DNA template. Moreover, we show that controlled redox reactions allow for interconversion of these DNA‐encoded layers of information. Overall, such interlacing of multiple messages on synthetic DNA libraries showcases the potential of chemical reactions to manipulate digital information on (bio)polymers.
Oxidation resistance and abrasive wear resistance of vitamin E stabilized radiation crosslinked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Bellare Anuj , D'angelo Fabio , Ngo Hung D , Thornhill Thomas S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe effect of gamma radiation on the oxidation and wear resistance of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been extensively studied since these properties are critical for the longevity of UHMWPE components of total joint replacement prostheses. While gamma radiation increases wear resistance of UHMWPE, the free radical generated in the lamellar regions by radiation must be stabilized before oxidative degradation occurs as the polymer ages. Initially, post‐radiation melting conducted to quench free radicals but this treatment also decreases its mechanical properties. Recently, it has been replaced by incorporation of Vitamin E into UHMWPE to combat oxidative degradation. In this study, we assessed wear resistance of Vitamin E stabilized UHMWPE under abrasive wear conditions and oxidation resistance by shelf‐aging irradiated components for 2 years. Equilibrium swelling experiments showed that Vitamin E decreased crosslink density, which affected wear resistance, but oxidation resistance was better preserved with increasing concentration of Vitamin E. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44125.
Acoustical, thermal, and morphological properties of zein reinforced oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber bio‐composites
Authors: Jayamani Elammaran , Hamdan Sinin , Kok Heng Soon , Rahman Md Rezaur , Bin Bakri Muhammad Khusairy 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn this research, biodegradable composites were prepared with zein as a polymer matrix and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as fiber reinforcement. The fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effects of sodium hydroxide treatment on sound absorption, thermal stability, and fiber‐polymer matrix interaction in composites were examined. The acoustical sound absorption coefficients of the composites were evaluated using two‐microphone transfer function impedance tube method. The spectral, thermal, and morphological studies of the composites were analyzed and characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was found that in all the biodegradable composites, the sound absorption coefficients increased as the frequency increased. Increases in fiber loading caused sound absorption coefficients of the composites to increase. The sodium hydroxide treatment showed a better interface adhesion on fiber and zein matrix. It was also found that this treatment increased the sound absorption coefficients. This was supported by qualitative analysis on the SEM micrographs and FTIR spectrum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44164.
Fractional Order Modeling And Nonlinear Fractional Order Pi‐Type Control For PMLSM System
Authors: Song Bao , Zheng Shiqi , Tang Xiaoqi , Qiao Wenjun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, firstly a fractional order (FO) model is proposed for the speed control of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo system. To identify the parameters of the FO model, a practical modeling algorithm is presented. The algorithm is based on a pattern search method and its effectiveness is verified by real experimental results. Second, a new fractional order proportional integral type controller, that is, (PIμ)λ or FO[FOPI], is introduced. Then a tuning methodology is presented for the FO[FOPI] controller. In this tuning method, the controller is designed to satisfy four design specifications: stability requirement, specified gain crossover frequency, specified phase margin, flat phase constraint, and minimum integral absolute error. Both set point tracking and load disturbance rejection cases are considered. The advantages of the tuning method are that it fully considers the stability requirement and avoids solving a complex nonlinear optimization problem. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FO[FOPI] controller over classical FOPI and FO[PI] controllers.