bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-petahertz fieldoscopy of liquid
Authors: Srivastava Anchit , Herbst Andreas , Bidhendi Mahdi M. , Kieker Max , Tani Francesco , Fattahi Hanieh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMeasuring transient optical fields is pivotal not only for understanding ultrafast phenomena but also for the quantitative detection of various molecular species in a sample. Here we demonstrate near-petahertz electric field detection of a few femtosecond pulses with 200 attosecond temporal resolution and subfemtojoule detection sensitivity. By field-resolved detection of the impulsively excited molecules in the liquid phase, termed femtosecond fieldoscopy, we demonstrate temporal isolation of the response of the target molecules from those of the environment and the excitation pulse. In a proof-of-concept analysis of aqueous and liquid samples, we demonstrate field-sensitive detection of combination bands of 4.13 μmol ethanol for the first time. This method expands the scope of aqueous sample analysis to higher detection sensitivity and dynamic range, while the simultaneous direct measurements of phase and intensity information pave the path towards high-resolution biological spectro-microscopy.
Influence of different sample preparation approaches on proteoform identification by top-down proteomics
Authors: Kaulich Philipp T. , Jeong Kyowon , Kohlbacher Oliver , Tholey Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTop-down proteomics using mass spectrometry facilitates the identification of intact proteoforms, that is, all molecular forms of proteins. Multiple past advances have lead to the development of numerous sample preparation workflows. Here we systematically investigated the influence of different sample preparation steps on proteoform and protein identifications, including cell lysis, reduction and alkylation, proteoform enrichment, purification and fractionation. We found that all steps in sample preparation influence the subset of proteoforms identified (for example, their number, confidence, physicochemical properties and artificially generated modifications). The various sample preparation strategies resulted in complementary identifications, substantially increasing the proteome coverage. Overall, we identified 13,975 proteoforms from 2,720 proteins of human Caco-2 cells. The results presented can serve as suggestions for designing and adapting top-down proteomics sample preparation strategies to particular research questions. Moreover, we expect that the sampling bias and modifications identified at the intact protein level will also be useful in improving bottom-up proteomics approaches.
Modulating magnetic anisotropy in linear tetranuclear dysprosium(iii) complexes via coordinated anions
Authors: Lu Guan-Lin , Chiu Shih-Ting , Lin Po-Heng , Long Jérôme 
Published: October 2024

Synthesis of novel tetranuclear linear Dy4 complexes with rigid Hheb−/heb2− ligands. Peripheral anions (NO3−, OAc−) modulate the magnetic anisotropy of the complex, enabling tunable single-molecule magnet behavior.
An upper limit on the spins of merging binary black holes formed through isolated binary evolution
Authors: Marchant Pablo , Podsiadlowski Philipp , Mandel Ilya 
Published: October 2024

Context. As the sensitivity of ground-based gravitational wave detectors progressively increases, observations of black hole mergers will provide us with the joint distribution of their masses and spins. This will be a critical benchmark to validate different formation scenarios.
Aims. Merging binary black holes formed through the evolution of isolated binary systems require both components to be stripped of their hydrogen envelopes before core-collapse. The rotation rates of such stripped stars are constrained by the critical rotation limit at their surface, including its deviation from the Keplerian value owing to the outward force provided by radiation. This sets a restriction on their angular momentum content at core-collapse. We aim to determine if this restriction plays a role in the spins of binary black hole mergers.
Methods. We used detailed calculations of stripped stars with the MESA code at low metallicities (Z = Z⊙/10, Z⊙/50, and Z⊙/250) to determine the dimensionless spins of black holes produced by critically rotating stellar progenitors. To study how such progenitors can arise, we considered their formation through chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) in binary stars. We used a semi-analytical model to study the physical processes that determine the final angular momentum of CHE binaries, and compared our results against available population synthesis models that rely on detailed binary evolution calculations.
Results. We find that above black hole masses of ≃25 M⊙, the dimensionless spin parameter of critically rotating stripped stars (a = Jc/(GM2)) is below unity. This results in an exclusion region at high chirp masses and effective spins that cannot be populated by isolated binary evolution. CHE can produce binaries where both black holes hit this limit, producing a pileup at the boundary of the excluded region. High-spin black holes arise from very low-metallicity CHE systems with short delay times, which merge at higher redshifts. On the other hand, the contribution of CHE to merging binary black holes detected in the third observing run of the LVK collaboration is expected to be dominated by systems with low spins (χeff < 0.5) that merge near redshift zero. Owing to its higher projected sensitivity and runtime, the fourth observing run of the LVK collaboration can potentially place constraints on the high-spin population and the existence of a limit set by critical rotation.
A comparative study of the blue comets C/1908 R1 (Morehouse) and C/2016 R2 (Pan-STARRS)
Authors: Anderson S. E. , Rousselot P. , Jehin E. , Noyelles B. , Manfroid J. , Hardy P. , Robert V. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The long-period comet C/1908 R1 (Morehouse) is distinguished by its early spectroscopic tail photography, which uncovered notably intense emission bands of N2+ and CO+, similar to the unusual characteristics of the atypical blue comet C/2016 R2 (Pan-STARRS).
Aims. To probe potential parallels with C/2016 R2 further, we revisited the historical spectroscopic plates of C/1908 R1 while leveraging the New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations (NAROO) project’s advanced sub-micrometric scanner.
Methods. We first reviewed the intensity ratio method, followed by a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of the original historical plates to determine the comet’s composition. Our analysis also encompassed an evaluation of C/1908 R1’s dynamic trajectory using an N-body integrator and a detailed examination of tail morphology records.
Results. Our findings suggest that C/1908 R1 experienced no significant close encounters as it crossed the inner Solar System, anchoring its origins directly in the Oort Cloud and allowing us to ascertain that this was its inaugural voyage near the Sun. We determined a N2+/CO+ ratio of ~7% along with a dust-poor composition, particularities it shares with C/2016 R2. Moreover, by synthesizing observations of the tail’s structure over the three-month period of visibility, we uncovered a link between tail dislocation events and aurora borealis sightings on Earth. This association underscores the comet tail’s heightened sensitivity to solar wind fluctuations due to its volatile makeup.
Conclusions. The comet C/1908 R1 (Morehouse) emerges as one of the most unaltered relics of our Solar System’s formation, offering another instance of a C/2016 R2-analogous comet. This underscores the importance of preserving and reexamining historical astronomical datasets, not only for historical significance but as a critical resource for contemporary scientific advancement.
Study of the excitation of large-amplitude oscillations in a prominence by nearby flares
Authors: Luna Manuel , Joshi Reetika , Schmieder Brigitte , Moreno-Insertis Fernando , Liakh Valeriia , Terradas Jaume 
Published: October 2024

Context. Large-amplitude oscillations are a common occurrence in solar prominences. These oscillations are triggered by energetic phenomena such as jets and flares. On March 14–15, 2015, a filament partially erupted in two stages, leading to oscillations in different parts of it.
Aims. In this study, we aim to explore the longitudinal oscillations resulting from the eruption, with special focus on unravelling the underlying mechanisms responsible for their initiation. We pay special attention to the huge oscillation on March 15.
Methods. The oscillations and jets were analysed using the time-distance technique. For the study of flares and their interaction with the filament, we analysed the different AIA channels in detail and used the differential-emission-measure (DEM) technique.
Results. In the initial phase of the event, a jet induces the fragmentation of the filament, which causes it to split into two segments. One of the segments remains in the same position, while the other is detached and moves to a different location. This causes oscillations in both segments: (a) the change of position apparently causes the detached segment to oscillate longitudinally with a period of 69 ± 3 minutes; (b) the jet flows reach the remaining filament also producing longitudinal oscillations with a period of 62 ± 2 minutes. In the second phase, on March 15, another jet seemingly activates the detached filament eruption. After the eruption, there is an associated flare. A large longitudinal oscillation is produced in the remnant segment with a period of 72 ± 2 minutes and a velocity amplitude of 73 ± 16. During the triggering of the oscillation, bright field lines connect the flare with the filament. These only appear in the AIA 131 Å and 94 Å channels, indicating that they contain very hot plasma. The DEM analysis also confirms this result. Both indicate that a plasma of around 10 MK pushes the prominence from its south-eastern side, displacing it along the field lines and initiating the oscillation. From this evidence, the flare and not the preceding jet initiates the oscillation. The hot plasma from the flare escapes and flows into the filament channel structure.
Conclusions. In this paper, we shed light on how flares can initiate the huge oscillations in filaments. We propose an explanation in which part of the post-flare loops reconnect with the filament channel’s magnetic-field lines that host the prominence.
Depth profiling of implanted D+ in silicates: Contribution of solar wind protons to water in the Moon and terrestrial planets
Authors: Zeng Xiandi , Tang Hong , Li Xiongyao , Zhou Chuanjiao , Hu Sen , Zeng Xiaojia , Yu Wen , Wen Yuanyun , Wu Yanxue , Mo Bing , Liu Jianzhong , Fu Yong 
Published: October 2024

Context. The solar wind protons implanted in silicate material and combined with oxygen are considered crucial for forming OH/H2O on the Moon and other airless bodies. This process may also have contributed to hydrogen delivery to planetary interiors through the accretion of micrometre-sized dust and planetesimals during early stages of the Solar System.
Aims. This paper experimentally investigates the depth distribution of solar wind protons in silicate materials and explores the mechanisms that influence this profile.
Methods. We simulated solar wind irradiation by implanting 3 keV D2+ ions in three typical silicates (olivine, pyroxene, and plagio-clase) at a fluence of ~1.4 × 1017 ions/cm2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyse chemical bond changes, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterised microstructural modifications. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) was employed to measure the D/16O ratio and determine the depth distribution of implanted deuterium.
Results. The newly produced OD band (at 2400-2800 cm−1 ) in the infrared spectrum reveals the formation of O–D bonds in the irradiated silicates. The TEM and NanoSIMS results suggest that over 73% of the implanted D accumulated in fully amorphous rims with a depth of 70 nm, while 25% extended inwards to ~190 nanometres, resulting in partial amorphisation. The distribution of these deuterium particles is governed by the collision processes of the implanted particles, which involve factors such as initial energy loss, cascade collisions, and channelling effects. Furthermore, up to 2% of the total implanted D penetrated the intact lattice via diffusion, reaching depths ranging from hundreds of nanometres to several micrometres.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that implanted solar wind protons can be retained in silicate interiors, which may significantly affect the hydrogen isotopic composition in extraterrestrial samples and imply an important source of hydrogen during the formation of terrestrial planets.
Assessing the robustness of the Galactic rotation curve inferred from the Jeans equations using Gaia DR3 and cosmological simulations
Authors: Koop Orlin , Antoja Teresa , Helmi Amina , Callingham Thomas M. , Laporte Chervin F. P. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Several authors have recently applied Jeans modelling to Gaia-based datasets to infer the circular velocity curve for the Milky Way. These works have consistently found evidence for a continuous decline in the rotation curve beyond ~15 kpc, which may indicate the existence of a light dark matter (DM) halo.
Aims. Using a large sample of Gaia DR3 data, we aim to derive the rotation curve of the Milky Way using the Jeans equations, and to quantify the role of systematic effects, both in the data and those inherent to the Jeans methodology under the assumptions of axisym-metry and time independence.
Methods. We used data from the Gaia DR3 radial velocity spectrometer sample, supplemented with distances inferred through Bayesian frameworks, to determine the radial variation of the second moments of the velocity distribution for stars close to the Galactic plane. We used these profiles to determine the rotation curve using the Jeans equations under the assumption of axisym-metry and explored how they vary with azimuth and position above and below the plane of the Galactic disc. We applied the same methodology to an N-body simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy impacted by a satellite akin the Sagittarius dwarf, and to the Auriga suite of cosmological simulations.
Results. The circular velocity curve we infer for the Milky Way is consistent with previous findings out to ~15 kpc, where our statistics are robust. Due to the larger number of stars in our sample, we are able to reveal evidence of disequilibrium and deviations from axisymmetry closer in. For example, we find that the second moment of VR flattens out at R ≳ 12.5 kpc, and that the second moment of Vϕ is different above and below the plane for R ≳ 11 kpc. Our exploration of the simulations indicates that these features are typical of galaxies that have been perturbed by external satellites. From the simulations, we also estimate that the difference between the true circular velocity curve and that inferred from Jeans equations can be as high as 15%, but that it is likely of the order of 10% for the Milky Way. This is higher than the systematic uncertainties associated with the observations or those linked to most modelling assumptions when using the Jeans equations. However, if the density of the tracer population were truncated at large radii instead of being exponential as often assumed, this could lead to the erroneous conclusion of a steeply declining rotation curve.
Conclusions. We find that steady-state axisymmetric Jeans modelling becomes less robust at large radii, indicating that particular caution must be exercised when interpreting the rotation curve inferred in those regions. A more careful and sophisticated approach may be necessary for precision measurements of the DM content of our Galaxy.
Connecting integrated red giant branch mass loss from asteroseismology and globular clusters
Authors: Brogaard K. , Miglio A. , van Rossem W. E. , Willett E. , Thomsen J. S. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Asteroseismic investigations of solar-like oscillations in giant stars enable the derivation of their masses and radii. For mono-age mono-metallicity populations of stars, this allows the integrated red giant branch (RGB) mass loss to be estimated by comparing the median mass of the low-luminosity RGB stars to that of the helium-core-burning (HeCB) stars.
Aims. We aim to exploit quasi-mono-age mono-metallicity populations of field stars in the α-rich sequence of the Milky Way (MW) to derive the integrated mass loss and its dependence on metallicity. By comparison to metal-rich globular clusters (GCs), we wish to determine whether the RGB mass loss differs in the two environments.
Methods. We used catalogues of asteroseismic parameters based on time-series photometry from the Kepler and K2 missions cross-matched to spectroscopic information from APOGEE-DR17, photometry from 2MASS, parallaxes from Gaia DR3, and reddening maps. We determined the RGB mass loss by comparing mass distributions of RGB and HeCB stars in three metallicity bins. For two GCs, the mass loss is derived from colour–magnitude diagrams.
Results. We find the integrated RGB mass loss to increase with decreasing metallicity and/or mass in the [Fe/H] range from −0.9 to +0.0. At [Fe/H] = −0.50, the RGB mass loss of MW α-rich field stars is compatible with that in GCs of the same metallicity.
Conclusions. We provide novel empirical determinations of the integrated mass loss connecting field stars and GC stars at comparable metallicities. These show that mass loss cannot be accurately described by a Reimers mass-loss law with a single value of η. This should encourage further development of the theory underlying processes involved in mass loss.
Metastasiertes ekkrines Porokarzinom bei einem jungen Patienten
Authors: Kramer Rafaela , Agaimy Abbas , Berking Carola , Erdmann Michael 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungEin 26-jähriger Patient mit ekkrinem Porokarzinom entwickelte regionäre Lymphknotenmetastasen. Anhand der vom Alter und Verlauf ungewöhnlichen Konstellation dieses metastasierten Adnexkarzinoms stellen wir das Management in der Primärversorgung, Durchuntersuchung, Nachsorge und Therapie bei Rezidiv vor. Die Behandlung seltener Adnexkarzinome wie des ekkrinen Porokarzinoms sollte präferentiell interdisziplinär und individuell erfolgen.
Prädiktion der Inanspruchnahme psychologischer Unterstützung während
der beruflichen Rehabilitation in einem Berufsförderungswerk
Authors: Koch Anna Maren , Hetzel Christian , Elling Jan Mathis , Sewz Gabriela , Zwingmann Christian 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die umfassenden psychologischen Hilfen gelten als
Alleinstellungsmerkmal der Berufsförderungswerke und dienen der gesundheitlichen
Stabilisierung der Rehabilitand:innen sowie der Sicherung allgemeiner
Erfolgskennzahlen wie eine niedrige Abbruchquote oder ein erfolgreiches
Return-to-Work. Für die Ressourcenplanung der Berufsförderungswerke und damit
für die bestmögliche psychologische Betreuung während der beruflichen
Rehabilitation ist es wichtig, die Terminanzahl der Rehabilitand:innen
frühzeitig abschätzen zu können. Obwohl Routinedaten zur Verfügung stehen, wurde
eine Prognose mit Hilfe regressionsanalytischer Methoden bisher nicht
vorgenommen.
Methodik Zur Vorhersage der Terminanzahl im Psychologischen Dienst wird
unter Verwendung von retrospektiv vorliegenden Routinedaten von 404
Rehabilitand:innen eine hierarchische lineare Regressionsanalyse mit 25
potenziellen Prädiktoren berechnet. Bei der Spezifizierung des
Regressionsmodells werden theoretische Bezugspunkte und datengestützte Methoden
kombiniert. Als theoretisches Bezugsmodell dient das
Andersen-Verhaltensmodell.
Ergebnisse Das regressionsanalytische Endmodell erreicht eine
Varianzaufklärung von 39,5%. Insgesamt zehn Variablen prognostizieren eine
höhere Terminanzahl: weibliches Geschlecht, Internatsstatus, geringe Resilienz,
Unterstützungswunsch, psychologische Behandlung in der Vergangenheit, Einnahme
von Psychopharmaka, Nichtvorliegen zweier bestimmter Berufsfelder,
Arbeitsagentur/Jobcenter als Kostenträger, Nichtteilnahme am
Reha-Vorbereitungslehrgang.
Schlussfolgerung Die zu Beginn der beruflichen Rehabilitation in einem
Berufsförderungswerk vorliegenden Routinedaten sind grundsätzlich geeignet, die
Terminanzahl der Rehabilitand:innen im Psychologischen Dienst vorherzusagen, und
können deshalb für die Ressourcenplanung der psychologischen Betreuung
eingesetzt werden. Dabei erweisen sich verschiedene Informationen als bedeutsam,
sodass eine Fokussierung auf einzelne Merkmale (z. B. Vorliegen einer
F-Diagnose) ungünstig erscheint. Auf Limitationen des regressionsanalytischen
Ansatzes wird hingewiesen.
Neue Umfrage zur Selbstmedikation
Authors: Kraft Karin 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Selbstmedikation ist ein wichtiger Teilaspekt der persönlichen
Gesundheitskompetenz. Hierzu sind jedoch bisher wenig wissenschaftliche
Daten verfügbar. In einer aktuellen Internet-gestützten
repräsentativen Umfrage wurden daher 1000 Personen ab 18 Jahren
nach der Nutzung verschiedener Informationsquellen zur Selbstmedikation
bei leichten Gesundheitsstörungen und deren eingeschätzter
Vertrauenswürdigkeit befragt. Die Umfrage ergab, dass insbesondere
ÄrztInnen und ApothekerInnen vor Ort als Informationsquellen
genutzt wurden, bis zum Alter von 50 Jahren waren auch Informationen
aus dem Internet einschließlich Social Media von größerer
Bedeutung. In gleicher Weise wurde die Vertrauenswürdigkeit der
Informationsquellen bewertet, wobei das Vertrauen in Informationen
aus dem Internet mit zunehmendem Alter abnahm. Insbesondere die
Apotheken vor Ort haben somit eine große Bedeutung bei der Selbstmedikation.
Swallowing and Aspiration: How to Evaluate and Treat Swallowing Disorders Associated with Aspiration Pneumonia in Older Persons
Authors: Ortega Omar , Guidotti Lucilla , Yoshimatsu Yuki , Sitges Claudia , Martos Josep , Miró Jaume , Martín Alberto , Amadó Cristina , Clavé Pere 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAspiration pneumonia (AP) is the most severe complication of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). It is highly underdiagnosed and undertreated among older patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Our aim is to review the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of swallowing disorders associated with AP. We performed a narrative review, including our experience with prior studies at Hospital de Mataró, on the diagnosis and treatment of AP. AP refers to pneumonia occurring in patients with swallowing disorders, frequently coinciding with poor oral health and vulnerability. Its main risk factors include oropharyngeal aspiration, impaired health status, malnutrition, frailty, immune dysfunction, and oral colonization by respiratory pathogens. Incidence is estimated at between 5 and 15% of cases of CAP, but it is highly underdiagnosed. Diagnostic criteria for AP have not been standardized but should include its main pathophysiological element, oropharyngeal aspiration. Recently, a clinical algorithm was proposed, based on the recommendations of the Japanese Respiratory Society, that includes aspiration risk factors and clinical evaluation of OD. To facilitate the task for health care professionals, new artificial intelligence (AI)-based screening tools for OD combined with validated clinical methods such as the volume–viscosity swallowing test (V-VST) for the detection of AP are being validated. Prevention and treatment of AP require multimodal interventions aimed to cover the main risk factors: textural adaptation of fluids and diets to avoid oropharyngeal aspiration; nutritional support to avoid malnutrition; and oral hygiene to reduce oral bacterial load. The diagnosis of AP must be based on standardized criteria providing evidence on the main etiological factor, oropharyngeal aspiration. Clinical algorithms are valid in the diagnosis of AP and the identification of its main risk factors. Combination of AI-based tools with V-VST can lead to massive screening of OD and save resources and improve efficiency in the detection of AP.