bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering On‐Surface Spin Crossover: Spin‐State Switching in a Self‐Assembled Film of Vacuum‐Sublimable Functional Molecule
Authors: Kumar Kuppusamy Senthil , Studniarek Michał , Heinrich Benoît , Arabski Jacek , Schmerber Guy , Bowen Martin , Boukari Samy , Beaurepaire Eric , Dreiser Jan , Ruben Mario 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe realization of spin‐crossover (SCO)‐based applications requires study of the spin‐state switching characteristics of SCO complex molecules within nanostructured environments, especially on surfaces. Except for a very few cases, the SCO of a surface‐bound thin molecular film is either quenched or heavily altered due to: (i) molecule–surface interactions and (ii) differing intermolecular interactions in films relative to the bulk. By fabricating SCO complexes on a weakly interacting surface, the interfacial quenching problem is tackled. However, engineering intermolecular interactions in thin SCO active films is rather difficult. Here, a molecular self‐assembly strategy is proposed to fabricate thin spin‐switchable surface‐bound films with programmable intermolecular interactions. Molecular engineering of the parent complex system [Fe(H2B(pz)2)2(bpy)] (pz = pyrazole, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) with a dodecyl (C12) alkyl chain yields a classical amphiphile‐like functional and vacuum‐sublimable charge‐neutral FeII complex, [Fe(H2B(pz)2)2(C12‐bpy)] (C12‐bpy = dodecyl[2,2′‐bipyridine]‐5‐carboxylate). Both the bulk powder and 10 nm thin films sublimed onto either quartz glass or SiOx surfaces of the complex show comparable spin‐state switching characteristics mediated by similar lamellar bilayer like self‐assembly/molecular interactions. This unprecedented observation augurs well for the development of SCO‐based applications, especially in molecular spintronics.
Encoding, Reading, and Transforming Information Using Multifluorescent Supramolecular Polymeric Hydrogels
Authors: Ji Xiaofan , Wu Ren‐Tsung , Long Lingliang , Ke Xian‐Sheng , Guo Chenxing , Ghang Yoo‐Jin , Lynch Vincent M. , Huang Feihe , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTraditional (1D, 2D, and 3D) codes are widely used to provide convenient readouts of encoded information. However, manipulating and transforming the encoded information is typically difficult to achieve. Here, the preparation of three fluorescent (blue, green, and red) hydrogels containing both tetracationic receptor–anion recognition motifs and gel‐specific fluorophores is reported, which may be used as building blocks to construct through physical adhesion fluorescent color 3D codes (Code A, Code B, and Code C) that may be read out by a smartphone. As a result, parts of the individual gel components that make up Code B can be replaced with other gel building blocks to form Code A via a cut and adhesion approach. A fluorophore responsive to ammonia is further incorporated into one of the hydrogels. This allows the gel block‐derived pattern that makes up Code C to be converted to Code A by chemical means. Therefore, the encoded information produced by patterns of the present hydrogels may be transformed through either physical action or by exposure to a chemical stimulus. Due to the nature of the soft materials involved, the codes can be used as wearable materials.
Rapid Formation and Macroscopic Self‐Assembly of Liquid‐Crystalline, High‐Mobility, Semiconducting Thienothiophene
Authors: Pandey Manish , Gowda Ashwathanarayana , Nagamatsu Shuichi , Kumar Sandeep , Takashima Wataru , Hayase Shuzi , Pandey Shyam S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA synergistic approach to enhance charge‐carrier transport in organic semiconductors along with facile solution processing and high performance is crucial for the advancement of organic electronics. The floating film transfer method (FTM) is used as a facile and cost‐effective method for the fabrication of large‐scale, uniform, highly oriented poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene] (pBTTT C‐14) films under ambient conditions. Utilization of such oriented films as the active semiconducting layer in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) results in highly anisotropic charge‐carrier transport. Highly oriented, FTM‐processed pBTTT C‐14 thin films are characterized by polarized electronic absorption and Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, out‐of‐plane X‐ray diffraction, and grazing incident X‐ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements. The GIXD data indicate an edge‐on orientation, which is highly desirable for planar devices such as OFETs. OFETs built using the oriented films show a mobility anisotropy of 10 and the highest mobility is 1.24 cm2 V−1 s−1 along the backbone orientation, which is among the highest value reported for this class of materials using a similar device configuration.
Atomic Heterointerfaces and Electrical Transportation Properties in Self‐Assembled LaNiO3–NiO Heteroepitaxy
Authors: Zhu Yuan Min , Do Thi Hien , Tra Vu Thanh , Yu Rong , Chu Ying‐Hao , Zhan Qian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVertical nanostructure heteroepitaxy opens new opportunities for designing next‐generation electronic devices due to the enthralling multifunction combinations and the abundant heterointerfaces manipulated effects. In this study, self‐assembled heteroepitaxial thin films, vertically aligned metallic LaNiO3 (LNO) and semiconducting NiO with diverse heterointerfaces, are created and systematically investigated by advanced transmission electron microscopy. With the increase of LaNiO3 content, the LaNiO3 phases present as isolated islands encircled by the connected NiO nanoplates and eventually become the continuous matrix with embedded NiO nanopillars. The atomic heterointerface between NiO and LaNiO3 phases is determined to be [NiO2–LaO]LaNiO3–LaO–[NiO]NiO, in which an extra La–O layer is enriched at the heterointerface. Besides, the formation mechanism of the heterointerface and antiphase boundaries observed in LaNiO3 phase is discussed. The electrical transport properties at room temperature can be tuned gradually by changing the volume ratio of constituents. The correlation among the insulator‐to‐metal transition, the carrier types associated with transport behaviors, and the heterostructure evolutions are explored. This study offers a desirable platform to design new multifunctional electronic devices based on the oxide heterojunctions.
Super‐Elasticity and Ultralow Friction of Hydrogenated Fullerene‐Like Carbon Films: Associated with the Size of Graphene Sheets
Authors: Cao Zhongyue , Zhao Wenwen , Liu Qiao , Liang Aimin , Zhang Junyan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHydrogenated fullerene‐like carbon (FLC:H) films would be a widely used material with a unique combination of properties including high‐hardness/strength, excellent elasticity, and ultralow friction. The nanostructure of graphene sheets and the number of cross‐linking sites between them may be two main structural factors determining these properties. Exploring the structure–properties relationship is crucial to effectively tailor these properties for potentially more applications. In this study it is demonstrated that FLC:H films can yield exceptional and tunable mechanical properties by controlling the nanostructure of graphene sheets, similar to those of architectured materials. And the graphene sheets have a critical size (11–13 nm) endowing FLC:H films with super‐elastic recovery ability (an elastic recovery rate of 98%), ultralow friction (a friction coefficient of 0.012), and low wear (a wear rate of 10−17m3 (N m)−1). The quadratic dependence of the energy loss factors of FLC:H films during load‐upload cycles on the size of graphene sheets are well consistent with these experimental results. This work provides a new perspective on the mechanics and friction behavior of FLC:H films and will motivate the design of more novel carbon‐based films with superelasticity and superlubricity for engineering applications.
Synthesis of gelatin‐based biodegradable hydrogel nanocomposite and their application as drug delivery agent
Authors: Bakravi Asghar , Ahamadian Yashar , Hashemi Hamed , Namazi Hassan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, gelatin was chemically cross‐linked using epichlorohydrin. Then, a series of gelatin‐based hydrogel nanocomposites containing CuO nanoparticles were prepared by immersion of gelatin hydrogel in CuCl2 solution with different concentrations. Gelatin was chosen, due to its cheapness, nontoxicity, and biocompatibility. The structure and morphology of hydrogel nanocomposites were characterized by a number of techniques such as FT‐IR, XRD, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Then, swelling behavior of synthesized hydrogel nanocomposites in distilled water and different saline solutions was investigated. Their sensitivity to pH, biodegradability, and gel content was determined. Moreover, the water uptake and shrinking kinetics of hydrogel nanocomposites were evaluated. Finally, they were used as drug delivery agent, and the different concentrations effect of CuO nanoparticles present within the hydrogel nanocomposites compared with neat hydrogel on mentioned tests was studied.
Structure and Charge Transport Anisotropy of Polythieno[3,4‐b]‐Thiophene‐co‐Benzodithiophene (PTB7) Oriented by High‐Temperature Rubbing
Authors: Biniek Laure , Hamidi‐Sakr Amer , Grodd Linda , Escoubas Stéphanie , Dappe Yannick J. , Grigorian Souren , Schmutz Marc , Brinkmann Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStructure determination in high performance polymer semiconductors such as polythieno[3,4‐b]‐thiophene‐co‐benzodithiophene (PTB7) is essential to establish proper structure–property correlations. A combination of high‐temperature rubbing and isothermal crystallization leads to oriented and crystalline films of face‐on oriented PTB7 crystals. Electron diffraction indicates that crystallinity is marginal in the rubbed films but develops upon postrubbing annealing at T ≥ 250 °C. The best oriented and crystalline PTB7 films have a dichroic ratio of 12 for UV–vis absorption. The hole mobilities are improved by a factor of six along the rubbing direction over nonaligned films (µ// = 5.8 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 vs µ⊥ = 3.1 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1). Structural analysis yields three possible models that share similar structural features, however; namely (i) PTB7 chains form a layered packing such as poly(2,5‐bis(3‐dodecyl‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) with π‐stacked backbones alternating with layers of strongly interdigitated alkyl side chains, (ii) the PTB7 chains adopt a nonplanar zigzag conformation, and (iii) PTB7 chains show a mixed stacking of thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene and benzodithiophene blocks. Overall, these results highlight the key role played in polymer semiconductor crystals by the steric constraints due to the branched alkyl side chains interdigitation on the π‐stacking of conjugated backbones.
Cranial measures and ancient DNA both show greater similarity of Neandertals to recent modern Eurasians than to recent modern sub‐Saharan Africans
Authors: Relethford John H. , Smith Fred H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesAncient DNA analysis has shown that present‐day humans of Eurasian ancestry are more similar to Neandertals than are present‐day humans of sub‐Saharan African ancestry, reflecting interbreeding after modern humans first left Africa. We use craniometric data to test the hypothesis that the crania of recent modern humans show the same pattern.Materials and MethodsWe computed Mahalanobis squared distances between a published Neandertal centroid based on 37 craniometric traits and each of 2,413 recent modern humans from the Howells global data set (N = 373 sub‐Saharan Africans, N = 2,040 individuals of Eurasian descent).ResultsThe average distance to the Neandertal centroid is significantly lower for Eurasian crania than for sub‐Saharan African crania as expected from the findings of ancient DNA (p < 0.001). This result holds when examining distances for separate geographic regions of humans of Eurasian descent (Europeans, Asians, Australasians, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders). Most of these results are also seen when examining distances partitioning size and shape variation.DiscussionOur results show that the genetic difference in Neandertal ancestry seen in the DNA of present‐day sub‐Saharan Africans and Eurasians is also found in patterns of recent modern human craniometric variation.
Assessment of compatibilization efficiency of SEBS in the PP/PS blend
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Huang Yajiang , Kong Miqiu , Yang Qi , Li Guangxian 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe compatibilization efficiency of styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer in immiscible polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) 20/80 blends was evaluated in terms of not only morphology, but also rheology and fractionated crystallization behavior. Besides varying SEBS loading, four different mixing protocols were used to vary SEBS dispersion state. PP2/PS/SEBS blend, prepared by two‐step method mixing PS and SEBS primarily, presents the largest droplet size (1.278 μm) at the critical compatibilizer concentration (CCC = 1 wt %). However, the CCC of blends prepared by the other protocols is 2 wt %. And at the CCC, PP/PS2/SEBS (two step method mixing PP and SEBS primarily) shows the smallest droplet size (0.908 μm), followed by PP/PS/SEBS (one step method). The rheology and crystallization behavior of PP/PS blends could also be utilized to assess the compatibilization efficiency of SEBS, but only in the case of mixing under the same protocol and the content of SEBS below a CCC. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46244.
The State of Tobacco Control in ASEAN: Framing the Implementation of the FCTC from a Health Systems Perspective
Authors: Amul Gianna Gayle Herrera , Pang Tikki (Pangestu) 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing a tobacco control framework that combines demand‐reduction and selected supply‐reduction measures according to a health system's building blocks, this article aims to assess the state of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control implementation in ASEAN countries from a health systems perspective. Results show that more ASEAN member states are showing leadership in adopting effective policies in the MPOWER suite of interventions such as raising taxes on tobacco, establishing smoke‐free areas and implementing graphic health warnings. However, effective enforcement of these policies is hampered by the lack of policies to protect public health measures from tobacco industry interference. ASEAN faces three challenges to control and reduce tobacco use: tackling the increasing burden of disease from tobacco use, tobacco industry interference and the need for better governance based on stronger political will and commitment. ASEAN member states need to further invest and innovate on tobacco control and promoting healthy lifestyles in order to achieve the SDG target on tobacco control.
Bilateral branch pulmonary artery valve implantation in repaired tetralogy of fallot
Authors: Bansal Neha , Kobayashi Daisuke , Forbes Thomas J. , Du Wei , Zerin Jeffrey M. , Joshi Aparna , Turner Daniel R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter, bilateral branch pulmonary artery (PA) valve implantation is a novel treatment for patients with severe pulmonary insufficiency and oversized right ventricle (RV) outflow tract. There is scarce data on efficacy and safety of this approach.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 8 patients with repaired tetralogy of fallot (TOF) who underwent bilateral branch PA valve implantation. Demographics, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and axial imaging data were reviewed. Variables were compared by a paired sample t‐test.ResultsAll patients were adult sized (weight 43–99 kg) with oversized RV outflow tract not suitable for conventional transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation. Staged bare metal PA stenting followed by valve implantation (interval 3–5 months) was technically successful in 7 patients with one stent embolization. In another patient, proximal stent migration prevented placement of bilateral pulmonary valve stents. There were a total of 14 valved branch PA stents placed (Melody valve n = 9, Sapien XT n = 2, Sapien 3 n = 3). In the 7 patients undergoing successful branch pulmonary valve placement, at median follow up of 10 months (range 3 months to 6 years), 13 (93%) valves had none/trivial insufficiency on echocardiography. Prevalve and postvalve implantation cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in five patients showed significant reduction of indexed RV end‐diastolic volume (152 ± 27 to 105 ± 15 mL/m2, P < .001).ConclusionsTranscatheter, bilateral branch PA valve implantation was technically feasible with satisfactory efficacy and safety in patients with repaired TOF, severe pulmonary insufficiency, and oversized RV outflow tracts. Elimination of pulmonary insufficiency with this method resulted in reduced RV end‐diastolic volume. This approach can be offered as an alternative to surgery, particularly in patients considered high risk for standard surgical placement and who are not candidates for the newer self‐expanding valve prosthesis for placement in RV outflow tracts larger than 30 mm diameter.
2‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid Synthesis by Oxidation of 2‐Iodobenzoic Acid at a Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode
Authors: Bystron Tomas , Horbenko Anastasiia , Syslova Kamila , Hii King Kuok (Mimi) , Hellgardt Klaus , Kelsall Geoff 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor the first time, the electrochemical synthesis of 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX), a benign, well‐established, popular and highly selective oxidising agent, is described. The objective of the work was to investigate the possibility of generating IBX electrochemically in aqueous solutions by using boron‐doped diamond anodes. In 0.2 M H2SO4 aqueous solution, 2‐iodobenzoic acid (IBA) was found to be oxidised at potentials >1.6 V vs. SCE, initially to 2‐iodosobenzoic acid (IsBA), which was oxidised to IBX at potentials >1.8 V vs. SCE. Reductions of IBX to IsBA and IsBA to IBA occurred at similar potentials of ca. −0.7 V vs. SCE. The voltammetry results were confirmed by performing a series of batch electrolyses at different electrode potentials. Thus, depending on the electrode potential chosen, IBA can be oxidised anodically either to IsBA or IBX with 100 % overall selectivity. The only side‐reaction was O2 generation, but charge yields did not decrease below 55 % even at conversions >95 %.
Pulsed Electrodeposition of Highly Porous Pt Alloys for use in Methanol, Formic Acid, and Glucose Fuel Cells
Authors: Frei Maxi , Köhler Christian , Dietel Lisa , Martin Julian , Wiedenmann Felix , Zengerle Roland , Kerzenmacher Sven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate an electrodeposition process for the fabrication of highly porous PtCu alloy anodes. In the fabrication process, Pt and different amounts of a second noble metal (Pd, Ru, Au) are repeatedly co‐deposited with Cu from an aqueous electrolyte, followed by selective dealloying of Cu. In this way, highly porous PtCu alloys with roughness factors ranging from 400 to 4000 can be obtained. In all cases, both noble‐metal partners are present on the electrode surface, whereas the majority of copper is likely buried underneath. In addition, we can show that H desorption and CO stripping yield substantially different roughness factors, even when applied to PtCu anodes. Hence, when using or comparing results from different stripping methods, a calibration is required. Compared to PtCu anodes, small additions of Ru (ca. 3 at% Ru) lead to significantly enhanced catalytic activity for the electro‐oxidation of formic acid and methanol, whereas Au‐rich PtCu−Au alloys (ca. 75 at% Au) exhibit significantly improved electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation. In some cases, large variations impede the identification of significant differences in electrocatalytic activity. To reduce process variability and to increase the specific surface area, further optimization of the fabrication process is required. Similarly, the deposition of defined alloy compositions will require further investigation, as the composition of electrolyte and deposited alloy do not directly correspond.
Leadership, Recognition and Well‐Being: A Moderated Mediational Model
Authors: Gilbert Stephanie L. , Kelloway E. Kevin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConsiderable data has linked transformational leadership to employee well‐being, but little research has focused on how transformational leaders influence employee well‐being. In the current study, we examine whether transformational leaders engage in more recognition of employee efforts and whether that recognition is associated with enhanced well‐being. We further examined whether transformational leaders give employees recognition in a manner that increases the association between recognition and well‐being. With these two objectives, we test a moderated mediated model using survey data involving employees from a large health‐care organization. The results suggest that transformational leaders provide more recognition to individual employees. Moreover, recognition is more strongly related to well‐being when leaders are seen as transformational. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Owners Matter? An Examination of Ownership Type in Corporate Disaster Relief Giving
Authors: Gao Yongqiang , Hafsi Taïeb 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLittle research has investigated the effect of ownership identity (or type) and corporate philanthropy experience on giving. In this research, relying on legitimacy theory, we first assess the effect of ownership identity on corporate philanthropy (CP) in the context of the 2008 earthquake in China. Then we explore moderation effects of firms' prior CP experience and size as proxies for perceived legitimacy on owners' efforts at increasing giving and legitimacy. We find that state and CEO ownership are deterrents, while non‐SOE and institutional ownership enhances giving probability and amount. In addition, there is evidence that firm size and prior CP weaken the effects of institutional ownership on CP. This study provides a complete assessment of owner behaviour. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Synthesis of Chocolate Flavonoids (Propanols, Butanals) in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Abplanalp Matthew J. , Góbi Sándor , Bergantini Alexandre , Turner Andrew M. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComplex organic molecules are ubiquitous in star‐ and planet‐forming regions as well as on comets such as on 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko, but their origins have remained largely unexplained until now. Here, we report the first laboratory detection of distinct C3H8O (propanol, methyl ethyl ether) and C4H8O (n‐butanal, i‐butanal) isomers formed within interstellar analog ices through interaction with ionizing radiation. This study reveals that complex organics with propyl (C3H7) and butyl (C4H9) groups can be synthesized easily in deep space and may act as key evolutionary tracers of a cosmic ray driven non‐equilibrium chemistry in low temperature interstellar ices at 10 K. These processes are of vital importance in initiating a chain of chemical reactions leading to complex organics—some of which are responsible for the flavors of chocolate—not only in the interstellar medium, but also on comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko.