bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Genetic Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Norway by Latitude
Authors: Hestetun Sigrid V. , Rudsari Hamid K. , Jaholkowski Piotr , Shadrin Alexey , Haftorn Kristine L. , Andersen Svend , Rygg Marite , Nordal Ellen , Frei Oleksandr , Andreassen Ole A. , Selvaag Anne M. , Størdal Ketil , Sanner Helga 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in the three geographic regions of Norway and whether potential regional incidence differences are explained by environmental or genetic factors across regions.MethodsWe conducted a register‐based cohort study including all Norwegian children born from 2004 to 2019, with follow‐up throughout 2020. The JIA diagnosis, defined by at least two International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes for JIA, was validated against medical records. The incidence rate (IR) and hazard ratio (HR) for JIA were estimated for all Norway and for the North, Mid, and South regions. In a subsample from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), the genetic risk for JIA was assessed in the three regions.ResultsAfter median 9.1 (range 0.3–16.0) years of follow‐up, we identified 1,184 patients with JIA and 910,058 controls. The IR for JIA/100,000 person‐years was 14.4 in all of Norway, 25.9 in the North region, 17.9 in the Mid region, and 12.5 in the South region. The HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of JIA in the North region was 2.07 (1.77–2.43) and in the Mid region HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.23–1.67) compared with the South region. Adjustments for perinatal factors, socioeconomic status, and early antibiotic exposure did not change our estimates substantially. In MoBa (238 patients with JIA, 57,392 controls), the association between JIA and region of birth was no longer significant when adjusting for genetic factors.ConclusionWe found a higher incidence of JIA with increasing latitude without evidence for available environmental factors explaining the observed gradient. In contrast, genetic factors modified the association, but further studies are warranted.
The role of online search platforms in scientific diffusion
Authors: Drivas Kyriakos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAfter the launch of Google Scholar older papers experienced an increase in their citations, a finding consistent with a reduction in search costs and introduction of ranking algorithms. I employ this observation to examine how recombination of science takes place in the era of online search platforms. The findings show that as papers become more discoverable, their knowledge is diffused beyond their own broad field. Results are mixed when examining knowledge diffusion within the same field. The results contribute to the ongoing debate of narrowing of science. While there might a general reduction in recombination of knowledge across distant fields over the last decades, online search platforms are not the culprits.
Exosomal miR‐199a‐3p Secreted From Cancer‐Associated Adipocytes Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Authors: Noda Kazuyoshi , Sato Yasushi , Okada Yasuyuki , Nishida Kensei , Kawano Yutaka , Tanahashi Toshihito , Bando Masahiro , Okamoto Koichi , Takehara Masanori , Sogabe Masahiro , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Daizumoto Kei , Kanayama Hiroomi , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer. Recent studies indicated that cancer‐associated adipocytes (CAAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression; however, the precise mechanism remains unknown. Here, we analyzed specific exosomal microRNAs (miRNA) signatures derived from pancreatic CAAs to investigate their role in cancer progression.MethodsCAAs were generated by co‐culturing human adipocytes with human pancreatic cancer cells, and exosomes were isolated from the CAA‐conditioned medium (CAA‐CM). Small RNA‐seq analysis was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in these exosomes. The effects of miRNAs on cell proliferation, migration/invasion, and drug sensitivity were examined. Luciferase reporter assays, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the miRNAs. The clinical relevance of the miRNAs was investigated using publicly available data and our cohort of patients with PDAC.ResultsmiR‐199a‐3p expression was significantly increased in CAA‐CM‐derived exosomes. CAA‐derived exosomes transferred miR‐199a‐3p to pancreatic cancer cells. Transfection with miR‐199a‐3p increased the proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells by downregulating SOCS7, increasing STAT3 phosphorylation, and upregulating SAA1 expression. High tissue miR‐199a‐3p expression is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Liquid biopsies revealed that exosomal miR‐199a‐3p could accurately differentiate patients with PDAC from healthy controls. Multivariate survival analysis indicated that miR‐199a is an independent prognostic factor for PDAC.ConclusionmiR‐199a‐3p in CAA‐derived exosomes contributes to the malignant transformation of pancreatic cancer via the SOCS7/STAT3/SAA1 pathway, suggesting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for PDAC.
Recent Developments and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in KMT2A‐Rearranged Acute Leukemia
Authors: Yin Lei , Wan Lin , Zhang Youjian , Hua Shenghao , Shao Xuejun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRearrangements of the histone‐lysine‐N‐methyltransferase (KMT2A), previously referred to as mixed‐lineage leukemia (MLL), are among the most common chromosomal abnormalities in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), involving numerous different fusion partners. KMT2A‐rearranged (KMT2A‐r) leukemia is characterized by a rapid onset, aggressive progression, and significantly worse prognosis compared to non‐KMT2A‐r leukemias. Even with contemporary chemotherapeutic treatments and hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT), patients with KMT2A‐r leukemia typically experience poor outcomes and limited responses to these therapies.ObjectivesThis review aims to consolidate recent studies on the general gene characteristics and associated mechanisms of KMT2A‐r acute leukemia, as well as the cytogenetics, immunophenotype, clinical presentation, and risk stratification of both KMT2A‐r‐AML and KMT2A‐r‐ALL. Particularly, the treatment targets in KMT2A‐r acute leukemia are examined.MethodsA comprehensive review was carried out by systematically synthesizing existing literature on PubMed, using the combination of the keywords ‘KMT2A‐rearranged acute leukemia’, ‘lymphoblastic leukemia’, ‘myeloid leukemia’, and ‘therapy’. The available studies were screened for selection based on quality and relevance.ConclusionsStudies indicate that KMT2A rearrangements are present in over 70% of infant leukemia cases, approximately 10% of adult AML cases, and numerous instances of secondary acute leukemias, making it a disease of critical concern to clinicians and researchers alike. The future of KMT2A‐r acute leukemia research is characterized by an expanding knowledge of the disease's biology, with an emphasis on personalized therapies, immunotherapies, genomic advancements, and innovative therapeutic combinations. The overarching aim is to enhance patient outcomes, lessen the disease burden, and elevate the quality of life for those affected. Ongoing research and clinical trials in this area continue to offer promising opportunities for refining treatment strategies and improving patient prognosis.
Meta‐Analysis of the Relationship Between Occupational/Environmental Exposure to Wood Dust and Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Meng E. , Xin Zhou , Jianrui Dou , Jinzhu Yin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWood dust is a human carcinogen. However, studies examining the relationship between wood dust exposure and laryngeal cancer have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we systematically reviewed relevant studies examining the relationship between wood dust exposure and laryngeal cancer development, followed by a meta‐analysis.MethodsPublications in the following databases were searched: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the study quality. A random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsEighteen case–control studies and one cohort study, involving a total of 4426 patients with laryngeal cancer and 319,129 control participants, were identified. The association between occupational/environmental exposure to wood dust and laryngeal cancer, if any, was unclear (adjusted combined OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.94–1.31). However, subgroup analyses according to the number of cases, geographic region, publication year, and follow‐up duration revealed correlations between wood dust exposure correlated and laryngeal cancer, as follows: number of cases > 200 (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.25 [n = 10]); studies conducted in the US (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07–1.37 [n = 5]); follow‐up time > 5 years (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07–1.32 [n = 10]); and publication after the year 2000 (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04–1.28 [n = 8]). A high heterogeneity in the results was observed (I2 = 42.5%, p = 0.024). The results were stable, and no publication bias existed, according to sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that wood dust exposure is associated with laryngeal cancer. Additional large‐scale studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between wood dust exposure and laryngeal cancer.
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging Enhances High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation on Liver Cancer With B7‐H3‐Targeted Microbubbles
Authors: Xiong Xialin , Zhou Hang , Xu Xinzhi , Fu Qihuan , Wan Yujie , Cao Yuting , Tang Rui , Li Fang , Zhang Jun , Li Pan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising minimally invasive treatment for liver cancer; however, its efficacy is often limited by the attenuation of ultrasonic energy. This study investigates the effectiveness of B7‐H3‐targeted microbubbles (T‐MBs) in enhancing HIFU ablation of liver cancer and explores their potential for clinical translation.MethodsT‐MBs and isotype control microbubbles (I‐MBs) were synthesized through the conjugation of biotinylated anti‐B7‐H3 antibody and isotype control antibody to the microbubble surface, respectively. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound imaging was performed to compare the accumulation of T‐MBs and I‐MBs in liver cancer at various time points. The efficacy of T‐MBs in enhancing HIFU treatment was evaluated by measuring the immediate tumor ablation rate and long‐term tumor growth suppression. Additionally, the induced antitumor immune response was assessed through cytokine quantification in serum and tumor tissue, along with immunofluorescence staining conducted on days 1, 3, and 7 post‐treatment.ResultsT‐MBs demonstrated superior liver cancer‐specific accumulation, characterized by higher concentrations and prolonged retention compared to I‐MBs. The combination of T‐MBs with HIFU resulted in significantly enhanced tumor ablation rates and superior tumor growth suppression. Post‐treatment analysis revealed a gradual uptick in cytokine levels within the tumor microenvironment, along with progressive infiltration of antitumor immune cells.ConclusionT‐MBs effectively enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HIFU for liver cancer treatment while simultaneously promoting an antitumor immune response. These findings provide a strong experimental foundation for the clinical translation of ultrasound molecular imaging combined with HIFU as a novel approach for tumor therapy.
Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactive Potential of Moroccan Pulicaria Mauritanica Essential Oils: In Silico and In Vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Assessment
Authors: Sabiri Maryame , Chtibi Houda , Aanouz Ilham , Barbouchi Mohammed , Benali Taoufiq , Alaqarbeh Marwa , Hammani Khalil , Amechrouq Ali , Bouachrine Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA study was conducted to analyze the essential oil of Pulicaria mauritanica (PMEO) and investigate its antibacterial and antioxidant properties using in‐vitro and in‐silico methods. The essential oil was extracted using the hydrodistillation technique, and its chemical composition was identified via GC/MS analysis. The chemical composition of the oil shows that the major components of PMEO are carvotanacetone (67.92 %) followed by 2,5‐dimethoxy‐p‐cymene (3.62 %), eucalyptol (1.76 %) and tetrahydrocarvone (1.32 %). The antibacterial and antioxidant effects against DPPH free radicals and ferric‐reducing power were tested using in‐vitro microdilution method. The antibacterial activity showed a strong sensitivity against Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis with an inhibition zone of (22.33±1.78 mm and 19.3±0.68 mm, respectively; the lowest MIC and MBC values were (MIC=MBC=1.56 mg/mL). However, computational studies were carried out using molecular docking studies. The analysis of the interaction nature between (PMEO) essential oil and tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus aids in understanding the antibacterial properties of essential oil molecules and their mechanism of action. The in‐silico toxicity and pharmacokinetics results show that 4‐candidate molecules have potential antibacterial properties and suggest that PMEO could be a source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a patient with post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN): A case report
Authors: Ahmed Aftab , Akbar Anum , Kunwar Digbijay , Mehta Fena 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageConcurrent recurrence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) in a thalassemia intermedia patient is rare and underscores the complexity of autoimmune disorders. This case emphasizes the importance of considering ADEM in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with PSGN accompanied by neurological symptoms.AbstractPost‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a common group A streptococcal (GAS) infection sequela. The pathophysiology of PSGN involves immune complex deposition, with type 3 hypersensitivity reaction triggered by GAS. Certain neurological conditions may also arise following a GAS infection, possibly due to molecular mimicry in the brain, a pathophysiology similar to rheumatic fever, another common sequel of GAS infection. We present the case of a child with β‐thalassemia intermedia who exhibited the classic triad (edema, hypertension, hematuria) of PSGN along with neurological manifestations, including a low glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain indicated changes consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Initially treated with methylprednisolone, the patient eventually received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) due to lack of response. The patient had a good outcome, with complete resolution of all symptoms and no residual neurological deficits. This case underscores the importance of considering ADEM in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with neurological signs and symptoms following a recent throat infection with GAS. Furthermore, given the increased risk of infection in thalassemia, patients with thalassemia who have a throat infection and neurological symptoms should be evaluated for the possible presence of ADEM.
Rapidly worsening lung adenocarcinoma due to diffusely spreading lymphangitic carcinomatosis: A case report
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Matsubayashi Ryo , Tamori Shunichi , Saito Katsuhiko , Nomura Satoshi 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageLymphangitic carcinomatosis is a metastatic disease with a poor prognosis and poorly understood pathophysiology. We present a case of rapidly worsening lung adenocarcinoma with diffusely spreading cancerous lymphangitis in lung, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and gastrointestinal tract. Our findings suggest cancer dissemination in this patient was predominantly caused by direct lymphatic invasion.
The Role of Spacer Length in Macrocyclization Reactions Under Confinement
Authors: Nandeshwar Muneshwar , Weisser Kilian , Ziegler Felix , Frey Wolfgang , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe studied the influence of the distance of olefin metathesis catalysts from the inner surface of a mesoporous support on macrocyclization and Z‐selectivity under confinement. For these purposes, the cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts [Mo(N‐(2‐tBu‐C6H4)(1‐mesityl‐3‐(3‐trimethoxysilylprop‐1‐yl)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)(CHCMe2Ph)(MeCN)Br+ B(ArF)4−] Mo2, [Mo(N‐(2‐tBu‐C6H4)(1‐mesityl‐3‐(3‐trimethoxysilylprop‐1‐yl)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)(CHCMe2Ph)(MeCN)OTf+ B(ArF)4−] Mo3, [Mo(N‐(2,6‐Me2‐C6H3)(1‐mesityl‐3‐(3‐trimethoxysilylprop‐1‐yl)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)(CHCMe2Ph)(MeCN)Br+ B(ArF)4−] Mo5, and [Mo(N‐(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)(1‐mesityl‐3‐(3‐trimethoxysilylprop‐1‐yl)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)(CHCMe2Ph)(MeCN)+Br B(ArF)4−] Mo7 (B(ArF)4 = tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), all containing a trimethoxysilylpropyl tether, were selectively immobilized inside the mesopores of SBA‐15. Under confinement, both macro(mono)cyclization (MMC) and Z‐selectivity were higher than in solution but lower than with catalysts directly bound to the surface of the mesoporous supports. These findings are in agreement with existing theoretical models on substrate and product distribution in mesopores, which suggest that the highest substrate concentration is found at the pore wall and that it increases with decreasing pore diameter.
Open‐ESyn: A 3D‐Printed Toolkit for Expanded ElectraSyn Functionality and Reproducibility for Electrosynthesis
Authors: Choi Anthony , Heard David M. , Haydon Calum S. , Lennox Alastair J. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrosynthetic reactions are performed in either custom‐made reactors that are developed and machined in‐house or commercially available systems that offer good reproducibility but come at a high cost. To bridge this divide between customizability and reproducibility, we have developed the Open‐ESyn, which is a suite of 3D‐printed components compatible with the popular ElectraSyn. This collection of parts increases the electrosynthesis that can be performed with the ElectraSyn, expanding, for example, the scale, temperature and the type of electrodes that can be used. The standardized reactor environment can be inexpensively recreated, thereby maintaining the reproducibility of the ElectraSyn ecosystem.
Synthesis of π‐Extended [1.1]Paracyclophanes, [1.1][n]PCP (n=2, 3, and 4), and Their Through‐Space Conjugation
Authors: Kayahara Eiichi , Hirata Saya , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Yasuda Yuka , Kusakabe Yu , Kaji Hironori , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: October 2024

Abstract[1.1][n]Paracyclophanes ([1.1][n]PCPs) (3) with n=2, 3, and 4, which consist of two [n]paraphenylene units connected by methylene bridges, were synthesized using short synthetic pathways with good overall yields. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that the paraphenylene unit in 3 is bent, resulting in an elliptic core structure of 3. The facing bridgehead carbons of the paraphenylene units are separated by a distance much shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of sp2‐carbon atoms. UV‐vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, electrochemical measurements, and theoretical calculations were used to demonstrate the presence of through‐space (TS) conjugation in 3. Furthermore, host‐guest complex formation between 3D (n=3) and tetracyanoquinodimethane in the solid state was revealed.
Microstructure Morphology of Chemical and Structural Phase Separation in Thermally Treated KxFe2‐ySe2 Superconductor
Authors: Campi G. , Tomassucci G. , Tanaka M. , Takeya H. , Takano Y. , Mizokawa T. , Saini N. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe iron‐based KxFe2‐ySe2 superconductor displays chemical, structural and electronic phase separation at nanoscale to microscale, leading to the coexisting metallic phase embedded in an antiferromagnetic host matrix. The metallic character of the system is believed to arise from a percolative granular network affecting its transport in the normal as well as in the superconducting state. This percolative network can be manipulated and controlled through thermal treatments. In this study, we have used scanning X‐ray micro‐fluorescence to visualize morphology of the chemical phase separation coupled to the percolation in KxFe2‐ySe2, manipulated by two distinct thermal treatments, i. e., fast quenching and slow cooling. We find a differing spatial correlation between Fe and K distributions in the two samples, ascribed to a different degree of Fe vacancy ordering. We have also identified an intermediate phase that acts as an interface between the two main phases. The high temperature quenching produces directionally oriented clustered microstructure in which the percolation threshold is lower and hence a more effective transport networks. Instead, the slow cooling results in larger interfaces around the percolation threshold that seems to affect the superconducting properties of the system. The results provide a quantitative characterization of microstructural morphology of differently grown KxFe2‐ySe2 showing potential for the design of electronic devices based on sub‐micron scale chemical phase separation, thus opening avenues for further studies of complex heterogeneous functional structures.
Optimizing Aqueous Zinc‐Sulfur Battery Performance via Regulating Acetonitrile Co‐Solvents and Carbon Nanotube Carriers
Authors: Ge Zhenqiang , Liu Hangning , Wang Shan , Ma Yingjun , Xu Wenhao , Su Linghao , Han Lei , Gong Liangyu , Wang Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐sulfur batteries (AZSBs) are gaining attention due to their high energy density, ultra‐stable discharge platform, and safety. However, poor liquid/solid reaction processes at the anode and cathode reduce reaction kinetics, and the severe dissolution of polysulfides causes shuttle effects during discharge/charge cycles, hindering practical applications. Improving performance requires optimizing both the cathode and electrolyte. Herein, we design an organic‐inorganic hybrid electrolyte (zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate and trace iodine monomer dissolved in an acetonitrile/water co‐solvent (AN‐X)) and a partially exfoliated multi‐walled carbon nanotube (PECNT) hosted sulfur (S@PECNTs) cathode for AZSBs. The sulfur is highly dispersed along the PECNTs with appropriate wettability at the electrode/electrolyte interface using AN‐3 as the electrolyte. Meanwhile, this electrolyte inhibits hydrogen evolution at negative potentials and promotes uniform Zn ion stripping/plating. Expressively, the AN‐3‐based AZSB exhibits a high discharge capacity of 1370 mAh g−1 with excellent Coulombic efficiency (79.9 %), outstanding rate capability, and cycling performance. These improvements are attributed to the synergistic effect between the S@PECNTs and the AN‐3 electrolyte, which reduces Rct to enhance reaction kinetics and blocks the dissolution and shuttle effect of polysulfides, ensuring a reversible reaction between zinc and sulfur.