bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between grade of referral smear and high‐grade disease among women with biopsy samples showing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2
Authors: Hakem Emmanuel , Ibrahim Elzahra , Tanyous Emmanuel , Astbury Katharine , Purandare Nikhil 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the grade of referral smear reflects the frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 (CIN3) or worse lesions among patients with CIN2 on punch biopsy.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data were reviewed from women with a punch biopsy sample showing CIN2 and a known referral smear who underwent large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2016, at Galway University Hospital, Ireland. Data were analyzed by patient age (≤30 and >30 years), referral smear (low and high grade), and LLETZ histology (≤CIN2 and ≥CIN3).ResultsOverall, 264 women were included. LLETZ histology of CIN3 or worse was more common among women with high‐grade referral smears (63/144 [43.8%]) than among those with low‐grade smears (26/120 [21.7%]; relative risk 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.37–2.96; P<0.001). Among patients younger than 30 years, underlying CIN3 and above was again more frequent among women with high‐grade (44/95 [46.3%]) versus low‐grade smears (12/56 [21.4%]; relative risk 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.25–3.73; P=0.004). No difference was recorded in the older age group.ConclusionAlthough LLETZ can be performed for a CIN2 biopsy and high‐grade smear, consideration should be given among young women (<30 years) with low‐grade smears whose biopsy histology is incidentally CIN2.
IL‐1RN gene polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Jin Tianbo , Cao Wei , Zuo Xiaoxiao , Li Miao , Yang Ya , Liang Tiansong , Yang Hongyao , Zhao Xinhan , Yang Daoke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe interleukins (ILs) are a large family of endogenous cytokines that are crucial in the regulation of inflammation and immunological responses. The IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RN) has been found to be associated with risk breast cancer (BC) in Korean and Indian women. However, little information is found about the polymorphisms of IL‐1RN in Chinese Han BC patients.MethodsWe investigated the association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL‐1RN and BC risk in a case–control study that included 530 BC cases and 628 healthy controls. Six tag SNPs in IL‐1RN were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for age and sex.ResultsIn the allele model, we found that the frequency of the ‘T’ allele of rs928940 was significantly lower in BC cases than in controls (OR = 0.776, 95% CI = 0.611–0.985, p = 0.037). In the genetic model analysis, five susceptibility SNPs were found to be associated with BC risk: the minor allele ‘G’ of rs315919, rs3181052 and rs452204 were associated with a decreased risk of BC under dominant model (p < 0.05), whereas the minor alleles ‘T’ and ‘C’ of rs928940 and rs4252019 were associated with a decreased risk of BC under both the codominant and dominant models (p < 0.05), which suggested these SNPs may play a protective role against BC risk. The haplotype ‘TAGC’ constructed by rs928940, rs3181052, rs452204 and rs4252019 was associated with a decreased risk of BC (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.12–0.94; p = 0.038).ConclusionsThe data obtained in the present study shed new light on the association between genetic polymorphisms of IL‐1RN and BC susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
Bilateral anatomic resection of the ventral parts of the paramedian sectors of the liver with total caudate lobectomy for deeply/centrally located liver tumors: a new technique maximizing both oncological and surgical safety
Authors: Shindoh Junichi , Nishioka Yujiro , Hashimoto Masaji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSystematic resection of the tumor‐bearing portal territory is reportedly correlated with an improved survival of patients with liver tumors, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite advances in surgical management, however, anatomic resection of deeply/centrally located tumors remains a challenging procedure not only with technical difficulty but also because of decreased hepatic functional reserve frequently observed due to underlying liver disease. In this report, we have reported a novel technique that allows a promising approach for deeply/centrally located tumors with maximizing both the surgical and oncological safety. Bilateral anatomic resection of the ventral parts of the paramedian sectors (BVPM) offers a sufficient surgical window for safe access to the perihilar region. This technique is based on Hjortsjo's theory for liver anatomy and enables systematic removal of the 3rd‐order portal territories. In addition, the current technique is advantageous in minimizing the loss of the normal liver parenchyma without leaving ischemia or congestion in the future liver remnant. Of the seven consecutive patients who were treated with this procedure, all the patients achieved R0 resection with acceptable rate of major morbidity (1/7, 14%). The BVPM may offer a safe and maximized chance of curative resection for deeply/centrally located liver tumors.
Numerical and experimental integration in analysis of a superplastic forming
Authors: Carunchio A. F. , Batalha M. H. F. , Pereira D. A. , Resende H. B. , Batalha A. E. F. , Toloczko F. R. , Santos M. W. B. , Batalha G. F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSuperplastic forming (SPF) is a technique that takes advantage of metallic alloys with fine grain size presenting very high ductility and large deformations before rupture under certain conditions. There is a growing interest in this manufacturing process in different areas, such as: aeronautical, automotive and medical, due to the possibility of fabricating complex geometry, lightweight, and strong thin shell parts. The researchers employed an industrial size superplastic hot press and, aiming to start investigations in the field of superplastic forming, finite element simulation and material analysis. This paper presents one of a first works in this field: developing a numerical model and forming a titanium alloy dome. A finite element model was developed to obtain the pressure curve, used as input in the superplastic forming machine control and for thickness prediction. Results and comparisons between the formed part and numerical calculations are presented, as well as the main difficulties the institutions faced in this new research field.
Protective coatings for ceramic superplastic forming dies: An initial study on protective coating performance
Authors: Staiano A. , Ion W. , O'Hare L. , Zuelli N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSuperplastic forming is an advanced manufacturing process, typically restricted to low volume and high value products. Refractory ceramics are a low cost option to substitute the high temperature resistant steels and other alloys conventionally used in superplastic forming dies, but their brittle nature is a limiting factor for most superplastic forming applications. Suitable surface coatings have shown a significant effect on wear resistance and can be employed to improve the ceramic performance in terms of tool life. This paper focuses on an initial study on protective coatings for superplastic forming ceramic dies to evaluate their effectiveness under superplastic forming conditions. Tests are conducted using a dedicated test rig built where the die‐blank interaction under superplastic forming conditions is replicated at laboratory scale. Two coating materials are tested and surface wear is compared with the uncoated surface of a particle‐reinforced fused silica refractory superplastic forming ceramic die. Results show that the selected coating materials have poor protective performance in comparison with the uncoated ceramic die, but they demonstrate the ability to assess protective coatings performance under superplastic forming conditions at a laboratory scale.
Developing constitutive models from EPR‐based self‐learning finite element analysis
Authors: Nassr Ali , Javadi Akbar , Faramarzi Asaad 
Published: October 2017

SummaryA constitutive model that captures the material behavior under a wide range of loading conditions is essential for simulating complex boundary value problems. In recent years, some attempts have been made to develop constitutive models for finite element analysis using self‐learning simulation (SelfSim). Self‐learning simulation is an inverse analysis technique that extracts material behavior from some boundary measurements (eg, load and displacement). In the heart of the self‐learning framework is a neural network which is used to train and develop a constitutive model that represents the material behavior. It is generally known that neural networks suffer from a number of drawbacks. This paper utilizes evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) in the framework of SelfSim within an automation process which is coded in Matlab environment. EPR is a hybrid data mining technique that uses a combination of a genetic algorithm and the least square method to search for mathematical equations to represent the behavior of a system. Two strategies of material modeling have been considered in the SelfSim‐based finite element analysis. These include a total stress‐strain strategy applied to analysis of a truss structure using synthetic measurement data and an incremental stress‐strain strategy applied to simulation of triaxial tests using experimental data. The results show that effective and accurate constitutive models can be developed from the proposed EPR‐based self‐learning finite element method. The EPR‐based self‐learning FEM can provide accurate predictions to engineering problems. The main advantages of using EPR over neural network are highlighted.
Impact of Surgical Lighting on Intraoperative Safety in Low‐Resource Settings: A Cross‐Sectional Survey of Surgical Providers
Authors: Forrester Jared A. , Boyd Nicholas J. , Fitzgerald J. Edward F. , Wilson Iain H. , Bekele Abebe , Weiser Thomas G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSafe surgery requires high‐quality, reliable lighting of the surgical field. Little is reported on the quality or potential safety impact of surgical lighting in low‐resource settings, where power failures are common and equipment and resources are limited.MethodsMembers of the Lifebox Foundation created a novel, non‐mandatory, 18‐item survey tool using an iterative process. This was distributed to surgical providers practicing in low‐resource settings through surgical societies and mailing lists.ResultsWe received 100 complete responses, representing a range of surgical centres from 39 countries. Poor‐quality surgical field lighting was reported by 40% of respondents, with 32% reporting delayed or cancelled operations due to poor lighting and 48% reporting electrical power failures at least once per week. Eighty per cent reported the quality of their surgical lighting presents a patient safety risk with 18% having direct experience of poor‐quality lighting leading to negative patient outcomes. When power outages occur, 58% of surgeons rely on a backup generator and 29% operate by mobile phone light. Only 9% of respondents regularly use a surgical headlight, with the most common barriers reported as unaffordability and poor in‐country suppliers.ConclusionsIn our survey of surgeons working in low‐resource settings, a majority report poor surgical lighting as a major risk to patient safety and nearly one‐third report delayed or cancelled operations due to poor lighting. Developing and distributing robust, affordable, high‐quality surgical headlights could provide an ideal solution to this significant surgical safety issue.
Evidence for brain glucose dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: An Yang , Varma Vijay R. , Varma Sudhir , Casanova Ramon , Dammer Eric , Pletnikova Olga , Chia Chee W. , Egan Josephine M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Troncoso Juan , Levey Allan I. , Lah James , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , O'Brien Richard , Thambisetty Madhav 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionIt is unclear whether abnormalities in brain glucose homeostasis are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.MethodsWithin the autopsy cohort of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we measured brain glucose concentration and assessed the ratios of the glycolytic amino acids, serine, glycine, and alanine to glucose. We also quantified protein levels of the neuronal (GLUT3) and astrocytic (GLUT1) glucose transporters. Finally, we assessed the relationships between plasma glucose measured before death and brain tissue glucose.ResultsHigher brain tissue glucose concentration, reduced glycolytic flux, and lower GLUT3 are related to severity of AD pathology and the expression of AD symptoms. Longitudinal increases in fasting plasma glucose levels are associated with higher brain tissue glucose concentrations.DiscussionImpaired glucose metabolism due to reduced glycolytic flux may be intrinsic to AD pathogenesis. Abnormalities in brain glucose homeostasis may begin several years before the onset of clinical symptoms.
Strategies for Sampling Difficult Archaeological Contexts and Improving the Quality of Radiocarbon Data: The Case of Erimi Laonin Tou Porakou, Cyprus
Authors: Calabrisotto C Scirè , Amadio M , Fedi M E , Liccioli L , Bombardieri L 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAfter decades of collaborative experience between archaeologists and radiocarbon scientists, with the aim at producing radiocarbon dates capable of answering the most various research questions, it is now widely recognized that an accurate sampling strategy is the cornerstone of a solid 14C-based chronology. In this paper, we discuss the sampling criteria required to obtain good quality 14C data within a challenging archaeological context like the Bronze Age site of Erimi Laonin tou Porakou (Limassol, Cyprus). Following a dedicated sampling strategy, in the productive complex of the settlement, charcoal samples were collected from secure contexts according to stratigraphic examination of excavated strata and analysis of associated features and material culture. Micromorphology was also applied for a more accurate interpretation of individual deposits and reconstruction of depositional and post-depositional processes. In the necropolis, bone samples were selected among the fragmentary and commingled human remains through evaluation of the preservation state and the minimum number of individuals (MNI). A discrepancy between the charcoal and the bone 14C determinations was encountered, probably due to old wood issues. The 14C dates were analyzed using a Bayesian model that incorporates the archaeological information, and a preliminary 14C-based chronology was defined for this site.
Chiari 1000 Registry Project: assessment of surgical outcome on self-focused attention, pain, and delayed recall
Authors: Allen P. A. , Delahanty D. , Kaut K. P. , Li X. , Garcia M. , Houston J. R. , Tokar D. M. , Loth F. , Maleki J. , Vorster S. , Luciano M. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrior research has typically found a negative relationship between chronic pain and memory, and we examined whether cognitive control processes (e.g. reflection and rumination) moderated this relationship in individuals with Chiari malformation Type I (CM). CM is a neurological condition in which the cerebellar tonsils descend into the medullary and upper cervical spine regions potentially resulting in severe headaches and neck pain.MethodsCM patients who had (n = 341) and had not (n = 297) undergone decompression surgery completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form-Revised (SF-MPQ-2), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). Immediate recall scores were compared to those of 102 healthy controls, and delayed recall performance was compared across other variables within the CM group.ResultsCM patients performed more poorly on immediate recall than did controls. Within CM patients, we observed main effects for reflection and age, and a pain x reflection x surgical status (surgery v. no surgery) interaction in which non-decompressed individuals with low levels of pain and high levels of reflection showed superior delayed recall relative to non-decompressed individuals with higher pain and all decompressed individuals.ConclusionsCM patients show an immediate recall deficit relative to controls, regardless of surgical status. High levels of reflection were associated with better delayed recall performance in non-decompressed CM patients with lower pain levels. High levels of chronic pain may overwhelm increased focused attention abilities, but higher levels of reflection partially overcome the distracting effects of pain and this may represent a type of resilience.
Romeo and Juliet for Grownups
Authors: Flaumenhaft Mera J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRomeo and Juliet is often the first play by Shakespeare that students and playgoers encounter. For many it remains the paradigmatic depiction of pure and passionate love, ruined by a meaningless feud and unsympathetic opponents. Scholarly interpretations often encourage this view. This article shows that the play is more complicated—and more interesting. Although the lovers and their passion are noble and beautiful, or precisely because they are pitched at so high a level, they cannot endure and mature as viable adults in a healthy community. Verona itself is characterized as stunted: in its civic arrangements, relations among and within families, incentives for adolescents to grow up, and in the inadequate guidance of spiritual institutions. The article explores the relation between the private passion of young love and the political circumstances which nourish or destroy it. It aims to deepen the responses of audiences that love the play, its memorable lovers, and love itself.
Multi-mode ultra-strong coupling in circuit quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Bosman Sal J. , Gely Mario F. , Singh Vibhor , Bruno Alessandro , Bothner Daniel , Steele Gary A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith the introduction of superconducting circuits into the field of quantum optics, many experimental demonstrations of the quantum physics of an artificial atom coupled to a single-mode light field have been realized. Engineering such quantum systems offers the opportunity to explore extreme regimes of light-matter interaction that are inaccessible with natural systems. For instance the coupling strength g can be increased until it is comparable with the atomic or mode frequency ω
a,m
and the atom can be coupled to multiple modes which has always challenged our understanding of light-matter interaction. Here, we experimentally realize a transmon qubit in the ultra-strong coupling regime, reaching coupling ratios of g/ω
m
= 0.19 and we measure multi-mode interactions through a hybridization of the qubit up to the fifth mode of the resonator. This is enabled by a qubit with 88% of its capacitance formed by a vacuum-gap capacitance with the center conductor of a coplanar waveguide resonator. In addition to potential applications in quantum information technologies due to its small size, this architecture offers the potential to further explore the regime of multi-mode ultra-strong coupling.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Neuroprotective aspects of Human Reactive Astrocytes induced by Interleukin 1β
Authors: Teh Daniel Boon Loong , Prasad Ankshita , Jiang Wenxuan , Ariffin Mohd. Zacky , Khanna Sanjay , Belorkar Abha , Wong Limsoon , Liu Xiaogang , ALL Angelo H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReactive astrogliosis is a critical process in neuropathological conditions and neurotrauma. Although it has been suggested that it confers neuroprotective effects, the exact genomic mechanism has not been explored. The prevailing dogma of the role of astrogliosis in inhibition of axonal regeneration has been challenged by recent findings in rodent model’s spinal cord injury, demonstrating its neuroprotection and axonal regeneration properties. We examined whether their neuroprotective and axonal regeneration potentials can be identify in human spinal cord reactive astrocytes in vitro. Here, reactive astrogliosis was induced with IL1β. Within 24 hours of IL1β induction, astrocytes acquired reactive characteristics. Transcriptome analysis of over 40000 transcripts of genes and analysis with PFSnet subnetwork revealed upregulation of chemokines and axonal permissive factors including FGF2, BDNF, and NGF. In addition, most genes regulating axonal inhibitory molecules, including ROBO1 and ROBO2 were downregulated. There was no increase in the gene expression of “Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans” (CSPGs’) clusters. This suggests that reactive astrocytes may not be the main CSPG contributory factor in glial scar. PFSnet analysis also indicated an upregulation of “Axonal Guidance Signaling” pathway. Our result suggests that human spinal cord reactive astrocytes is potentially neuroprotective at an early onset of reactive astrogliosis.
Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion
Authors: Shiino Takayuki , Kim Kab-Jin , Lee Ki-Suk , Park Byong-Guk 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTopological spin structures such as magnetic domain walls, vortices, and skyrmions, have been receiving great interest because of their high potential application in various spintronic devices. To utilize them in the future spintronic devices, it is first necessary to understand the dynamics of the topological spin structures. Since inertial effect plays a crucial role in the dynamics of a particle, understanding the inertial effect of topological spin structures is an important task. Here, we report that a strong inertial effect appears steadily when a skyrmion is driven by an oscillating spin-Hall-spin-torque (SHST). We find that the skyrmion exhibits an inertia-driven hypocycloid-type trajectory when it is excited by the oscillating SHST. This motion has not been achieved by an oscillating magnetic field, which only excites the breathing mode without the inertial effect. The distinct inertial effect can be explained in terms of a spin wave excitation in the skyrmion boundary which is induced by the non-uniform SHST. Furthermore, the inertia-driven resonant excitation provides a way of experimentally estimating the inertial mass of the skyrmion. Our results therefore pave the way for the development of skyrmion-based device applications.