bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using EOF Analysis over a Large Area for Assessing the Climate Impact of Small-Scale Afforestation in a Semiarid Region
Authors: Yosef G. , Alpert P. , Price C. , Rotenberg E. , Yakir D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe authors suggest an approach to analyze the effects of small-scale afforestation on the surrounding climate of a large heterogenic area. While simple statistics have difficulty identifying the effect, here a well-known eigenvector technique is used to overcome several specific challenges that result from a limited research region, complex topography, and multiple atmospheric circulation patterns. This approach is applied to investigate the influence of the isolated Yatir forest, at the north edge of Israel’s Negev Desert. It was found that this forest does influence the daily climate, primarily seen in the main pattern of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of temperature and humidity. The EOF explains 93% and 80%, respectively, of the total variance in the data. Although the Yatir forest is small, it is significant in regulating the climate in the nearby surroundings, as it is located in a sharp transition area toward an arid climate. The results are presented as maps of correlation and regression between the normalized principal component time series of each pattern as well as other time series of the raw data and spatially interpolated data stations. Analysis of short-term campaign measurements around the Yatir forest supports the EOF results, and shows the forest’s influence to the south, mainly during nighttime when the forest becomes cooler than its surroundings. Overall, results suggest that in areas of transition to semiarid climates, forests regulate the surrounding surface air temperature and humidity fields. Wind analysis based on a complex EOF technique reveals the pattern of the daily cycle of surface wind over the region.
A Climatology of Weakly Forced and Pulse Thunderstorms in the Southeast United States
Authors: Miller Paul W. , Mote Thomas L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWeakly forced thunderstorms (WFTs), convection forming in the absence of a synoptic forcing mechanism and its associated shear regime, are the dominant convective mode during the warm season in the southeast United States. This study uses 15 yr (2001–15) of warm-season (May–September) composite reflectivity images from 30 WSR-88D sites in the southeastern United States to detect WFTs and pulse thunderstorms, defined as WFTs associated with a severe weather event. Thunderstorms were identified as regions of contiguous reflectivities greater than or equal to 40 dBZ using connected neighborhoods labeling. Ward’s clustering was then performed upon the duration, size, strength, initiation time, and solidity of the approximately 1 900 000 thunderstorms. Of the 10 clusters of morphologically similar storms, five groups, containing 885 496 thunderstorms, were designated as WFTs. In line with previous work, WFT development mirrors landscape features, such as the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi Delta. However, the large sample size also reveals more subtle nuances to the spatial distribution, such as decreases over river valleys and increases along the Atlantic fall line. The most active pulse thunderstorm region, the Blue Ridge Mountains, was displaced from the overall WFT maximum: the Florida Peninsula and Gulf Coast. Most pulse thunderstorms were associated with larger moisture values, particularly in the midlevels, which supported larger and longer-lasting WFT complexes. Synoptically, two distinct modes of variability yielded WFT-favorable environments: the intrusion of the Bermuda high from the east and the expansion of high pressure over the southern Great Plains from the west.
Shipboard Wave Measurements in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Lund Björn , Zappa Christopher J. , Graber Hans C. , Cifuentes-Lorenzen Alejandro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSurface wave measurements from ships pose difficulties because of motion contamination. Cifuentes-Lorenzen et al. analyzed laser altimeter and marine X-band radar (MR) wave measurements from the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SOGasEx). They found that wave measurements from both sensors deteriorate precipitously at ship speeds 3 m s−1. This study demonstrates that MR can yield accurate wave frequency–direction spectra independent of ship motion. It is based on the same shipborne SOGasEx wave data but uses the MR wave retrieval method proposed by Lund et al. and a novel empirical transfer function (ETF). The ETF eliminates biases in the MR wave spectra by redistributing energy from low to high frequencies. The resulting MR wave frequency–direction spectra are shown to agree well with laser altimeter wave frequency spectra from times when the ship was near stationary and with WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model wave parameters over the full study period.
Increasing Readmission Rates for Hemorrhage after Tonsil Surgery: A Longitudinal (26 Years) National Study
Authors: Østvoll Eirik , Sunnergren Ola , Stalfors Joacim 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the readmission rates due to postoperative hemorrhage in relation to tonsil surgery clinical practice in a national population.Study DesignRetrospective longitudinal population‐based cohort study.SettingBased on register data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR).Subjects and MethodsAll benign tonsil operations (256 053) performed in Sweden from 1987 to 2013 were identified through a search in the NPR. For all identified cases, data on gender, age, date of surgery, indication, type of surgery, level of care, length of stay (LOS) for inpatient surgery, readmission and reoperation because of postoperative bleeding (within 31 days) were collected.ResultsOverall frequency of readmission for hemorrhage was 2.61%, and the reoperation rate for hemostasis was 0.84%. The longitudinal analysis showed an increase from 1% (1987) to 5% (2013) in readmissions caused by hemorrhage. Tonsillectomies, surgery performed for infectious disease, and surgery on adult patients (age >18 years) showed readmission rates approaching 10% (2013). Male gender, increasing age, tonsillectomy, infectious indication, and recent year of surgery were identified as risk factors for readmission and reoperation due to hemorrhage. An increasing share of patients readmitted for hemorrhage underwent reoperation for hemostasis: 18% (1987) versus 43% (2013).ConclusionReadmissions for hemorrhage have increased by a factor of 5 in Sweden from 1987 to 2013. The design of the study and the data in NPR do not allow determination of the true reasons behind the alarming results.
Cost‐effectiveness of Gene Expression Classifier Testing of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules Utilizing a Real Cohort Comparator
Authors: Shapiro Scott , Pharaon Majed , Kellermeyer Brian 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo predict the cost‐effectiveness of implementing routine gene expression classifier testing for thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration cytology, by utilizing a real cohort of patients as a comparator.Study DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis of a retrospective cohort compared with a simulated cohort.SettingTertiary academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsWe reviewed the records of all patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration from 2010 to 2014 at a tertiary academic medical center. All patients with Bethesda class III or IV cytopathology had the details of their management catalogued over the subsequent 2 years of care. These patients were assigned to the standard‐of‐care arm of the study. We compared the third‐party payer costs of care and the proportion of patients who underwent surgery with a simulated cohort who underwent gene expression classifier testing after an initial indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration (molecular test arm).ResultsThe cost of managing 1 nodule over 2 years was $2399 higher (range, $397‐$4399) for the molecular test group than the standard of care group. The molecular test group had a 13.1% decrease (base parameters; range, 0.73%‐45.09%) in the number of patients undergoing surgery.ConclusionWhen applied to a real cohort of patients, routine gene expression classifier is predicted to reduce the number of patients undergoing surgery but will increase cost of care. Cost‐effectiveness is heavily dependent on prevalence of malignancy and gene expression classifier specificity.
Voice Outcomes of Adults Diagnosed with Pediatric Vocal Fold Nodules and Impact of Speech Therapy
Authors: Song Brian H. , Merchant Maqdooda , Schloegel Luke 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the voice outcomes of adults diagnosed with vocal fold nodules (VFNs) as children and to assess the impact of speech therapy on long‐term voice outcomes.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingLarge health care system.Subjects and MethodsSubjects diagnosed with VFNs as children between the years 1996 and 2008 were identified within a medical record database of a large health care system. Included subjects were 3 to 12 years old at the time of diagnosis, had a documented laryngeal examination within 90 days of diagnosis, and were ≥18 years as of December 31, 2014. Qualified subjects were contacted by telephone and administered the Vocal Handicap Index–10 (VHI‐10) and a 15‐item questionnaire inquiring for confounding factors.ResultsA total of 155 subjects were included, with a mean age of 21.4 years (range, 18‐29). The male:female ratio was 2.3:1. Mean VHI‐10 score for the entire cohort was 5.4. Mean VHI‐10 scores did not differ between those who received speech therapy (6.1) and those who did not (4.5; P =. 08). Both groups were similar with respect to confounding risk factors that can contribute to dysphonia, although the no‐therapy group had a disproportionately higher number of subjects who consumed >10 alcoholic drinks per week (P =. 01).ConclusionThe majority of adults with VFNs as children will achieve a close‐to‐normal voice quality when they reach adulthood. In our cohort, speech therapy did not appear to have an impact on the long‐term voice outcomes.
Magnetoencephalographic Identification of Epileptic Focus in Children With Generalized Electroencephalographic (EEG) Features but Focal Imaging Abnormalities
Authors: Shukla Garima , Kazutaka Jin , Gupta Ajay , Mosher John , Jones Stephen , Alexopoulos Andreas , Burgess Richard C. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Children with generalized seizures are often excluded as epilepsy surgery candidates. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the utility of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to refine the location of the “irritative zone” in children with single lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but with generalized ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings. Methods: Patients admitted with refractory epilepsy with imaging studies showing focal or hemispheric abnormalities but scalp video EEG showing generalized or multiregional epileptiform abnormalities were included. Patients were encouraged into natural sleep, and simultaneous whole-head MEG/EEG was recorded. Source localization of epileptic spikes on MEG was carried out while blinded to other results. Acceptable dipoles were classified into 3 groups: focal, hemispheric clusters, and single focal cluster with additional widespread dipoles. Results: Nine patients (4 female, 5 males; ages 10 months to 15 years) were included. Two had focal features on clinical semiology, whereas all had generalized or multiregional interictal and ictal EEG. Etiologies included tuberous sclerosis complex (2), postencephalitic sequelae (1), focal cortical dysplasia (1), and unknown (2). Five patients had clear focal lesions on brain MRI whereas the other 2 had focal positron emission tomography (PET) abnormalities. An average of 38 spikes were accepted (average goodness of fit = 85.3%). A single tight cluster of dipoles was identified in 5 patients, 1 had dipoles with propagation from left occipital to right temporal. One patient had 2 distinct dipole clusters. MEG demonstrated focal findings 9 times more often than the simultaneously recorded scalp EEG, and 3 times more often than the associated multiday video EEG recordings. Conclusion: This study shows that neurophysiologic evidence of focal epileptiform abnormalities in patients with focal brain lesions and generalized EEG findings can be strengthened using MEG. Further feasibility of surgical candidacy should be evaluated in these patients.
A phase 2 study of panobinostat with lenalidomide and weekly dexamethasone in myeloma
Authors: Chari Ajai , Cho Hearn J. , Dhadwal Amishi , Morgan Gillian , La Lisa , Zarychta Katarzyna , Catamero Donna , Florendo Erika , Stevens Nadege , Verina Daniel , Chan Elaine , Leshchenko Violetta , Laganà Alessandro , Perumal Deepak , Mei Anna Huo-Chang , Tung Kaity , Fukui Jami , Jagannath Sundar , Parekh Samir 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
FRD is a well-tolerated oral triplet regimen with durable responses in myeloma. Correlative analysis identified MAGEA1 as a functional biomarker of resistance.
Long-Term, Supplemental, One-Carbon Metabolism–Related Vitamin B Use in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort
Authors: Brasky Theodore M. , White Emily , Chen Chi-Ling 
Published: August 2017

PurposeInconsistent findings have been reported of a link between the use of one-carbon metabolism–related B vitamins and lung cancer risk. Because of the high prevalence of supplemental vitamin B use, any possible increased association warrants further investigation. We examined the association between long-term use of supplemental B vitamins on the one-carbon metabolism pathway and lung cancer risk in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort, which was designed specifically to look at supplement use relative to cancer risk.MethodsA total of 77,118 participants of the VITAL cohort, 50 to 76 years of age, were recruited between October 2000 and December 2002 and included in this analysis. Incident, primary, invasive lung cancers (n = 808) were ascertained by prospectively linking the participants to a population-based cancer registry. The 10-year average daily dose from individual and multivitamin supplements were the exposures of primary interest.ResultsUse of supplemental vitamins B6, folate, and B12was not associated with lung cancer risk among women. In contrast, use of vitamin B6and B12from individual supplement sources, but not from multivitamins, was associated with a 30% to 40% increase in lung cancer risk among men. When the 10-year average supplement dose was evaluated, there was an almost two-fold increase in lung cancer risk among men in the highest categories of vitamin B6(> 20 mg/d; hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.65) and B12(> 55µg/d; hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.97) compared with nonusers. For vitamin B6and B12, the risk was even higher among men who were smoking at baseline. In addition, the B6and B12associations were apparent in all histologic types except adenocarcinoma, which is the type less related to smoking.ConclusionThis sex- and source-specific association provides further evidence that vitamin B supplements are not chemopreventive for lung cancer and may be harmful.
Arl8b is required for lysosomal degradation of maternal proteins in the visceral yolk sac endoderm of mouse embryos
Authors: Oka Miho , Hashimoto Keisuke , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Saitoh Shin-ichiro , Sugiura Yuki , Motoi Yuji , Honda Kurara , Kikko Yorifumi , Ohata Shinya , Suematsu Makoto , Miura Masayuki , Miyake Kensuke , Katada Toshiaki , Kontani Kenji 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The small GTPase Arl8b localizes primarily to lysosomes and is involved in lysosomal motility and fusion. Here, we show that Arl8b is required for lysosomal degradation of maternal proteins in the visceral yolk sac endoderm (VYSE), an apical cell layer of the visceral yolk sac, of mouse embryos. The VYSE actively takes up maternal materials from uterine fluid and degrades them in lysosomes to provide breakdown products to the embryo. Arl8b gene-trap mice (Arl8b−/−) displayed decreased early embryo body size. The Arl8b−/− VYSE exhibited defective endocytic trafficking to the lysosome and accumulation of maternal proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulin G in late endocytic organelles. Furthermore, Transthyretin-Cre;Arl8bflox/flox mice in which Arl8b was ablated specifically in the VYSE also showed decreased embryo body size, defects in trafficking to the lysosome and reduction of the free amino acid level in the embryos. Taken together, these results suggest that Arl8b mediates lysosomal degradation of maternal proteins in the VYSE, thereby contributing to mouse embryonic development.
Localisation and substrate specificities of transglycanases in charophyte algae relate to development and morphology
Authors: Herburger Klaus , Ryan Louise M. , Popper Zoë A. , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Cell wall-modifying enzymes have been previously investigated in charophyte green algae (CGA) in cultures of uniform age, giving limited insight into their roles. Therefore, we investigated the in situ localisation and specificity of enzymes acting on hemicelluloses in CGA genera of different morphologies and developmental stages. In vivo transglycosylation between xyloglucan and an endogenous donor in filamentous Klebsormidium and Zygnema was observed in longitudinal cell walls of young (1 month) but not old cells (1 year), suggesting that it has a role in cell growth. By contrast, in parenchymatous Chara, transglycanase action occurred in all cell planes. In Klebsormidium and Zygnema, the location of enzyme action mainly occurred in regions where xyloglucans and mannans, and to a lesser extent mixed-linkage β-glucan (MLG), were present, indicating predominantly xyloglucan:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity. Novel transglycosylation activities between xyloglucan and xylan, and xyloglucan and galactomannan were identified in vitro in both genera. Our results show that several cell wall-modifying enzymes are present in CGA, and that differences in morphology and cell age are related to enzyme localisation and specificity. This indicates an evolutionary significance of cell wall modifications, as similar changes are known in their immediate descendants, the land plants.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Erwin Schrödinger and Quantum Wave Mechanics
Authors: O'Connor John J. , Robertson Edmund F. 
Published: August 2017

<p>The fathers of matrix quantum mechanics believed that the quantum particles are <em>unanschaulich</em> (unvisualizable) and that quantum particles pop into existence only when we measure them. Challenging the orthodoxy, in 1926 Erwin Schrödinger developed his wave equation that describes the quantum particles as a packet of quantum probability amplitudes evolving in space and time. Thus, Schrödinger visualized the unvisualizable and lifted the veil that has been obscuring the wonders of the quantum world.</p><p>Quanta 2017; 6: 48–52.</p>
Developing and implementing a virtual clinic for follow-up of major joint arthroplasty in the NHS
Authors: Batten Timothy , Murphy Nora , Keenan Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Virtual clinics whereby patient information is collected remotely and then reviewed by specialists in a central location have been used previously in remote areas for ophthalmology services with good acceptability noted for patients. With removal of a face-to-face consultation efficiency for services can improve allowing focus of services where it is most needed. This is critical in orthopaedic services where, in 2014–15 over 7.5million outpatient appointments were scheduled. Methods: We introduced a virtual clinic for all major joint follow-up in our trust with patients sent ‘patient reported outcome measures’ (PROM) and invited to attend for radiology at local centres with results reviewed centrally. We then assessed reply rates and the numbers requiring normal outpatient review to assess the benefit of the virtual clinic service. Results: Over a 10-week trial period, 151 patients were eligible for virtual clinic review. Sixteen (10.6%) did not reply, although 14 of these patients had attended for radiology. Of the 135 who did respond 16 (11.8%) required some form of reminder to return PROMs. Of the 151 patients 19 (13%) subsequently required conventional outpatient review either for poor results on PROM or abnormality identified on radiology. This represents an average 13 saved outpatient appoints per week with an obvious cost saving benefit to our trust.
CONSIDERACIONES PARA EL REORDENAMIENTO ESPACIAL URBANO EN MEXICO
Authors: García Amaral Ma. Luisa 
Published: August 2017

A través del tiempo, el espacio urbano en el territorio nacional ha sido organizado en función del momento histórico de la explotación de los recursos naturales estratégicos. Analizado por medio del marco teórico que se establece, se obtiene la certeza de que la organización del espacio es el reflejo claro y contundentemente coherente del modo de producción prevaleciente. valiéndose de los apoyos legales y de la viabilidad política, se proponen ciertos cambios en la organización urbana del territorio para mejorar las condiciones y niveles de vida en las localidades, propugnando alcanzar, a través de éstos y a largo plazo, una modificación sustancial de la estructura económica que propicie la armonía y el desenvolvimiento equilibrado de las localidades de la nación.
Teatro e Historia reciente. ¿Una relación amigable?
Authors: Corsi María del Rosario , Negri Marina 
Published: August 2017

El presente trabajo busca pensar de qué manera podemos utilizar el lenguaje teatral como un dispositivo de enseñanza para abordar la historia reciente. Pese a la renovación historiográfica, la institución escolar no ha incorporado en su currícula la problematización sobre dicho pasado. En este sentido, proponemos partir de un enfoque de la enseñanza de la Historia cuyo objetivo reside en la compresión de complejidades en los procesos históricos, permitiéndoles a los estudiantes pensar históricamente. Como todo arte, el teatro está en íntima relación con el proceso histórico en que se produce. Por eso a lo largo de la historia, las representaciones se han entendido y ejercitado de diferentes maneras inclusive en los momentos de censura y represión. En este punto, cabe preguntarse: ¿pueden el Teatro Abierto y el Teatro por la Identidad ser usados para problematizar la historia reciente?, ¿qué propuestas didácticas pueden generarse a partir de estos dispositivos? En síntesis, lo que trataremos de demostrar es la riqueza del recurso para promover el debate y la reflexión en torno a esa temática.
20 años de Clío & Asociados. La historia enseñada
Authors: Coudannes Mariela 
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo recupera la trayectoria de la revista Clío & Asociados. La historia enseñada editada de manera conjunta por la Universidad Nacional del Litoral y la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina). Describe las motivaciones que llevaron a su creación en 1996, con un fuerte énfasis en la necesidad de evaluar críticamente la marcha de la reforma educativa de la escuela y su impacto en la formación universitaria de profesores. A continuación, ofrece una exhaustiva revisión sobre los principales temas y problemas que fueron tratados a lo largo de veinte años, como por ejemplo la enseñanza desde una perspectiva de género o la construcción de una historia reciente en el aula. La sistematización de sus aportes permite afirmar que la revista Clío & Asociadosha tenido un papel muy relevante en la conformación y consolidación de un campo de investigación sobre la didáctica de la historia en este país.