bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Age of Beginning Primary School and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Gökçe Sebla , Yazgan Yanki , Ayaz Ayşe Burcu , Kayan Esengül , Yusufoğlu Canan , Carkaxhiu Bulut Gresa , Aslan Genç Herdem , Dedeoğlu Ceyda , Demirhan Seçil , Sancak Arzu , Saridoğan Gökçe Elif 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
In April 2012, the Turkish national education system was modified, and the compulsory school age of entry (first grade) was redefined as a minimum of 60 months and a maximum of 66 months (replacing the former minimum criterion of 72 months). In this study, we hypothesized that students starting school before 72 months (the previous age standard for the first grade) may experience (1) a greater number of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and (2) lower functioning in social, behavioral, and academic domains.

Method:
We performed a cross-sectional community-based study in the first and second grades of all primary schools (4356 students) located in the Kadıköy county of Istanbul, Turkey. Teachers completed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham version IV and Conners' Teacher's report forms for symptoms of ADHD, the Perceived Competence Scale for functioning, and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Results:
Among first graders, the group that began primary school before the age of 72 months had a higher ADHD prevalence than both of the groups that began primary school between the ages of 72 to 77 months and 78 to 83 months (p < .001 for both groups). ADHD symptoms diminished and academic, social, and behavioral functioning improved with age for the first and second grade students.

Conclusion:
The probability of displaying ADHD symptoms (and caseness) is greater among the “earlier” beginners, whereas the “conventional” classmates exhibited better academic, social, and behavioral functioning.
Skincare Bootcamp: The Evolving Role of Skincare
Authors: Rodan Katie , Fields Kathy , Majewski George , Falla Timothy 
Published: December 2016

Background:Although cosmetic procedures have a significant impact on certain aspects of aging, such as deep, wrinkling, sagging, and volume loss, they fail to address the overall quality of the skin.Methods:Daily skincare routines potentially can have a significant long-term impact on the overall quality of a person’s complexion.Results:By expanding our product knowledge, we can help our patients individualize their at-home skincare routine using effective products and ingredients designed to address their specific skin concern and support the professional care we deliver.Conclusions:Here, we discuss the types of products and ingredients suitable for the most common dermatologic concerns, from wrinkling to skin sensitivity, acne to sun damage.
Three-dimensional Facial Anatomy: Structure and Function as It Relates to Injectable Neuromodulators and Soft Tissue Fillers
Authors: Beer Jacob I. , Sieber David A. , Scheuer Jack F. , Greco Timothy M. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The advent of new neuromodulators and soft-tissue fillers continues to expand the nonsurgical repertoire of the core cosmetic physician.

Methods:
The authors review relevant facial anatomy as it relates to facial aging and the resultant structural changes that occur. These changes are important for the cosmetic physician to identify and understand in order to perform both safe and effective placement of neuromodulators and soft-tissue fillers. In this anatomic review, the authors review key structures that serve as landmarks for successful treatment using both neuromodulators and fillers.

Conclusions:
Knowledge of key facial anatomical structures allows the cosmetic physician to perform injection of neuromodulators and soft-tissue fillers in a reproducible manner to optimizing patient safety and results.
SCLERAL SUTURE FIXATION TECHNIQUE FOR ONE-PIECE ACRYLIC INTRAOCULAR LENS
Authors: Leung Ella H. , Mohsenin Amir , Smiddy William E. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To apply a previously published scleral fixation technique to secure one-piece acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to the sclera.

Methods:
Retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative case series.

Results:
All patients (16 eyes of 15 patients) who underwent scleral fixation of 1-piece acrylic IOLs using the loop method from 2014 to 2016 were included. The mean follow-up was 8.1 months. Repositioning of dislocated 1-piece acrylic IOLs was performed in 8 eyes, a primary implantation in 5 eyes, and IOL exchange in 3 eyes. All IOLs remained well-centered postoperatively. The vision improved from an initial best-corrected visual acuity of 0.97 ± 0.74 logMAR (Snellen equivalent ≈20/190) to 0.47 ± 0.49 logMAR (≈20/60, P = 0.031) at the last follow-up. The postoperative complications were self-limited.

Conclusion:
The previously reported scleral suture fixation technique can be readily applied to one-piece acrylic IOLs.
BILATERAL SEROUS MACULAR DETACHMENT IN A PATIENT WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: Bilge Ayse D. , Yaylali Sevil A. , Yavuz Sara , Simsek İlke B. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case of a woman with nephrotic syndrome who presented with blurred vision because of bilateral serous macular detachment.

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
A 55-year-old woman with a history of essential hypertension, diabetes, and nephrotic syndrome was presented with blurred vision in both eyes. Her fluorescein angiography revealed dye leakage in the early and subretinal pooling in the late phases, and optical coherence tomography scans confirmed the presence of subretinal fluid in the subfovel area.

Conclusion:
In nephrotic syndrome cases especially with accompaniment of high blood pressure, fluid accumulation in the retina layer may occur. Serous macular detachment must be kept in mind when treating these patients.
Human Ex Vivo Artificial Anterior Chamber Model for Practice DMEK Surgery
Authors: Vasquez Perez Alfonso , Liu Christopher 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To describe a wet lab model using human corneas for practicing all steps of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
Twelve human research corneas were used for training purposes. Each DMEK surgery required 2 corneas; one for donor graft preparation and one to practice graft insertion and unfolding in a novel artificial anterior chamber model.

Results:
Six complete DMEK procedures were successfully performed. Apart from donor graft preparation and graft insertion into the anterior chamber, it was feasible to practice different and combinations of graft unfolding techniques in conditions similar to real human procedures.

Conclusions:
This wet lab model allows practicing steps of DMEK and learning significant surgical skills. Reusable instruments can be used in regular operating facilities resulting in reasonable costs.
Accuracy of Consecutive Fecal Calprotectin Measurements to Predict Relapse in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Under Maintenance With Anti-TNF Therapy
Authors: Ferreiro-Iglesias Rocio , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel , Lorenzo-Gonzalez Aurelio , Dominguez-Muñoz Juan E. 
Published: December 2016

Background and Goal:
Predicting relapse in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients could allow early changes in therapy. We aimed at evaluating the accuracy of consecutive fecal calprotectin (FC) measurements to predict flares in IBD patients under maintenance treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs.

Study:
A prospective longitudinal cohort study with 16-month follow-up period was designed. IBD patients in clinical remission for at least 6 months under anti-TNF therapy were included. FC was quantified at 4-month intervals for 1 year, and patients were clinically evaluated for relapse at 2-month intervals. Diagnostic accuracy of FC for predicting relapse was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results:
In total, 95 of 106 included patients finalized the study and were analyzed (median age 44 y, 50.5% female, 75% with Crohn’s disease). A total of 30 patients (31.6%) had a relapse over follow-up. FC concentration was significantly higher in patients who relapsed (477 μg/g) than in patients who maintained in remission (65 μg/g) (P<0.005). The optimal cutoff to predict remission was 130 μg/g (negative predictive value of 100%), and 300 μg/g to predict relapse (positive predictive value of 78.3%).

Conclusions:
FC is a good predictor of clinical relapse and a particularly good predictor of remission over the following 4 months in patients with IBD on maintenance therapy with anti-TNF drugs. FC levels <130 μg/g is consistently associated with maintained disease remission, whereas concentrations >300 μg/g allow predicting relapse with a high probability at any time over the following 4 months.
Who Orders a Head CT?
Authors: Mazer Laura M. , Méan Marie , Tapper Elliot B. 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
Traditional coagulopathic indices, including elevated international normalized ratio, do not correlate with bleeding risk in patients with cirrhosis. For this reason, head computed tomography (CT) has a low yield in cirrhotic patients with altered mental status and no trauma history. The initial diagnostic evaluation, however, is often made by nongastroenterologists influenced by the so-called “coagulopathy of cirrhosis.” We sought to examine the prevalence, impact, and malleability of this perception in an international, multispecialty cohort.

Design:
An electronic survey was distributed to internal medicine, surgery, emergency medicine, and gastroenterology physicians. Respondents were presented with a cirrhotic patient with hepatic encephalopathy, no history of trauma, and a nonfocal neurological examination. Respondents rated likelihood to order head CT at presentation, after obtaining labs [international normalized ratio (INR) 2.4 and platelets 59×103/μL], and finally after reading the results of a study demonstrating the low yield of head CT in this setting.

Results:
In total, 1286 physicians from 6 countries, 84% from the United States. Of these, 62% were from internal medicine, 25% from emergency medicine, 8% from gastroenterology, and 5% from surgery. Totally, 47% of respondents were attending physicians. At each timepoint, emergency physicians were more likely, and gastroenterologists less likely, to scan than all other specialties (P<0.0001). Evidence on the low yield of head CT reduced likelihood to scan for all specialties. Qualitative analysis of open-ended comments confirmed that concern for “coagulopathy of cirrhosis” motivated CT orders.

Conclusions:
Perceptions regarding the coagulopathy of cirrhosis, which vary across specialties, impact clinical decision-making. Exposure to clinical evidence has the potential to change practice patterns.
Hepatic Issues and Complications Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Saubermann Lawrence J. , Deneau Mark , Falcone Richard A. , Murray Karen F. , Ali Sabina , Kohli Rohit , Ekong Udeme D. , Valentino Pamela L. , Grossman Andrew B. , Rand Elizabeth B. , Jonas Maureen M. , Saeed Shehzad A. , Kamath Binita M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTHepatobiliary disorders are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and persistent abnormal liver function tests are found in approximately 20% to 30% of individuals with IBD. In most cases, the cause of these elevations will fall into 1 of 3 main categories. They can be as a result of extraintestinal manifestations of the disease process, related to medication toxicity, or the result of an underlying primary hepatic disorder unrelated to IBD. This latter possibility is beyond the scope of this review article, but does need to be considered in anyone with elevated liver function tests. This review is provided as a clinical summary of some of the major hepatic issues that may occur in patients with IBD.
Psychopharmacotherapy in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Authors: Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Laganà Antonio Simone , Muscatello Maria Rosaria Anna , La Rosa Valentina Lucia , Currò Veronica , Pandolfo Gianluca , Zoccali Rocco Antonio , Bruno Antonio 
Published: December 2016

Importance
Fifteen percent to 20% of pregnant women suffer from mental disorders, and 86% of them are not treated due to potential teratogenic risks for the fetus. Several drugs seem to be safe during pregnancy but knowledge regarding risks of antenatal exposure to drugs is still limited.

Objective
The aim of this article is to provide a review of literature, data, and a clinical guideline concerning the treatment and management of mental disorders during pregnancy and lactation.

Evidence Acquisition
Bibliographical research was carried out using Medline and Pubmed (from 2005 until 2015) and articles, books and Websites were consulted.

Results
Regarding antidepressants, only paroxetine seems to lead to an increased risk of malformations, whereas fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram and venlafaxine do not appear to increase this risk. The use of duloxetine is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage during pregnancy but not with an increased risk of adverse events, such as birth defects. There is no clear evidence of malformation risk associated with the use of antipsychotics, whereas a risk associated with pregnancy and newborn outcome has been detected. All mood stabilizers are associated with risks of birth defects and perinatal complications.

Conclusions and Relevance
Taking psychoactive drugs is possible during pregnancy, but it is important to consider various effects of the drugs. Future research should focus on prospective and longitudinal studies with an adequate evaluation of confounding variables. This should be followed by long-term studies to obtain accurate measures of child development.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify the main categories of psychiatric drugs used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, discuss side effects for the mother and the newborn associated with these drugs, and use the most appropriate drug according to different clinical situations.
Developing a Clinical Protocol for Habitual Physical Activity Monitoring in Youth With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nicholson Kristen , Weaver Aaron , George Ameeka , Hulbert Robert , Church Chris , Lennon Nancy 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
The StepWatch (SW) has been used to monitor physical activity (PA) in youth with cerebral palsy; however, there is no standard collection protocol. The goal was to develop such a protocol.

Methods:
Data were examined from patients who wore the SW for 8 to 14 days. The Spearman-Brown prediction formula determined the minimum number of days for reliable PA. Weekdays were compared to weekends and 10- and 60-second collection intervals were examined.

Results:
The PA data were collected from 98 youth with cerebral palsy. Results showed 3 days would provide reliable representation of PA, participants took significantly more steps during school days compared with weekends, and there were no differences between collection intervals.

Conclusions:
We recommend setting the SW for 7 days at 10-second collection rate. Data should be analyzed if at least 3 days of data are present. Weekdays and weekend days should be noted, and both included when possible.
Importance of Initiating a “Tummy Time” Intervention Early in Infants With Down Syndrome
Authors: Wentz Erin E. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
This study compared differences in motor development in infants with Down syndrome beginning a tummy time intervention before 11 weeks of age and after 11 weeks of age.

Methods:
Nineteen infants with Down syndrome participated in tummy time until they could independently transition in and out of sitting. Motor development was assessed monthly using the Bayley III Motor Scales and compared between the groups.

Results:
A difference in motor development between early and late groups is apparent 1, 2, and 3 months following intervention initiation. Conclusion: Early implemented tummy time was effective in reducing motor delay in young infants with Down syndrome and is a prudent first step in intervention.
Effects of Combined Exercise Training on Functional Performance in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized-Controlled Study
Authors: Peungsuwan Punnee , Parasin Pattamavadee , Siritaratiwat Wantana , Prasertnu Jilada , Yamauchi Junichiro 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise training on functional performance in participants with cerebral palsy.

Methods:
Fifteen participants with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly allocated into either exercise or control groups. Participants in the exercise group participated in a combined strength and endurance training program for 70 minutes per day, 3 days per week, for 8 weeks, whereas those in the control group did not participate in an exercise program. Study participants in both groups continued with their regular physical therapy during the study.

Results:
After the 8-week training, a 6-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, 10-m walk, and Functional Reach Tests, participants in the exercise group had significant improvement over their baseline values and were significantly higher than those in the control group.

Conclusions:
Combined exercise training improved walking ability, functional lower limb strength, and balance in participants with cerebral palsy.
Physical Therapy Dosing: Frequency and Type of Intervention in Pediatric Postacute Hospital Care
Authors: Dumas Helene M. , Fragala-Pinkham Maria A. , Rosen Elaine L. , Folmar Eric 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To examine differences in physical therapy dosing frequency recommendations based on children's characteristics and to describe types of intervention recommended at postacute hospital admission.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical information, recommended physical therapy intervention frequency, and intervention types were collected for all admissions from April 1, 2015, to March 1, 2016. Differences across 2 groups, children with recommendations for “less” (≤3x/wk) or “more” (≥4x/wk) frequent therapy, were examined. Types of interventions recommended were described and the measure of association between frequency and type was determined.

Results:
Older children, those with higher admission functional scores, and children with less dependence on medical technology were recommended for “more.” Therapeutic exercise was the most common intervention recommended. Greater physical therapy frequency was associated with Functional Training and Motor Function Training.

Conclusion:
Children's age, functional level, and technology dependence influence dosing recommendations. Interventions focused on function are associated with greater physical therapy frequency.
A Cytokine Pattern That Differentiates Preseroconversion From Postseroconversion Phases of Primary HIV Infection
Authors: Pastor Lucia , Parker Erica , Carrillo Jorge , Urrea Victor , Fuente-Soro Laura , Respeito Durval , Jairoce Chenjerai , Mandomando Inacio , Blanco Julià , Naniche Denise 
Published: December 2016

Background:
During acute HIV infection, HIV actively replicates but seroconversion has not yet occurred. Primary HIV infection (PHI) is characterized by a transient nonspecific febrile illness, a massive inflammatory response, and the progressive appearance of anti-HIV-specific antibodies. In this study, we have identified patterns of inflammatory biomarkers associated with the innate immunological reaction before completion of a full humoral response.

Methods:
A symptom-based screening was used to identify acute HIV infection in the Manhiça District Hospital in Mozambique. Plasma levels of biomarkers were determined by Luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-HIV antibodies were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot. Statistical analyses used random forest and logistic regression models.

Results:
Of 3116 rapid test seronegative or indeterminate individuals, 85 (2.7%) had positive plasma HIV viral load and were enrolled as PHI, of which n = 45 (52.9%), n = 8 (9.4%), n = 12 (14.1%), and n = 20 (23.5%) were classified as Fiebig I-III, IV, V, and VI stages, respectively, by Western blot. Comparison of individuals at early (Fiebig I-IV) and late (Fiebig V-VI) immune stages identified significant differences in the expression level of plasma B-cell activating factor , monocyte chemotactic protein-1, sCD163, and monokine induced by interferon (IFN-γ). This cytokine signature classified patients in the preseroconversion phase with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 81.2%

Conclusions:
Identification of a cytokine signature specific for the preseroconversion stage of PHI may help to understand the earliest HIV pathogenic events and identify new potential targets for immunotherapy aimed at modulating the cytokine response to HIV infection.
Ultrasound-Guided Needle Biopsy of Neck Lymph Nodes in Patients With Suspected Lung Cancer
Authors: Duguay Sean , Wagner Jason M. , Zheng Wei , Ling Johnny , Zhao Lichao C. , Allen Karen S. , North Justin C. , Deb Subrato J. 
Published: December 2016

Background
The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of ultrasound guided needle biopsy of a neck lymph node to provide adequate tissue for complete pathologic evaluation of suspected metastatic lung cancer, including molecular testing for epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations by pyrosequencing and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Methods
Institutional review board approval was obtained and the requirement for informed consent was waived. All ultrasound guided neck biopsies performed July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed, and all biopsies performed for suspected lung cancer metastatic to supraclavicular and cervical lymph nodes were included.

Results
Forty patients with suspected lung cancer underwent ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of an abnormal appearing neck lymph node identified on preprocedure computed tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Thirty-seven patients were subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer and 3 were diagnosed with lymphoma. A definitive pathologic diagnosis was rendered in 95% of neck node biopsies (38/40; 95% confidence interval, 84%–99%). Of the 36 specimens diagnostic for lung cancer, 16 were considered for further molecular testing and the specimen was adequate for molecular testing in 15 (94%; 73%–100%) cases. Therefore, the neck node biopsy specimens were adequate for complete pathologic workup in 93% (37/40; 81%–98%). No complications related to the biopsies were observed.

Conclusions
In patients presenting with suspected lung cancer and suspicious neck lymph nodes, ultrasound-guided needle biopsy frequently provides adequate tissue for complete pathologic evaluation and eliminates the need for more invasive procedures.