bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Natural to Artificial Selection: A Chaotic Reading of Shelagh Stephenson’s An Experiment with an Air Pump (1998)
Authors: Ahmad Yas Khalid , Ali Termizi Arbaayah , Talif Rosli , Kaur Hardev 
Published: December 2017

The paper aims to utilise chaos theory as a methodology and perspective to analyse Shelagh Stephenson’s science drama An Experiment with an Air Pump thematically and structurally. It is highly pertinent to mention here that the discovery of the DNA structure in 1953 by Watson and Crick coincided with the development of a new paradigm shift in science, chaos theory. The discovery of the DNA structure, on the other hand, led to the birth of the science of genetics which reached its peak in the late 1990s when Human Genome Project was completed. Theatre did not stand aloof from this radical shift. Mapping human genome might lead to appalling ethical dilemmas. Topics related to the cold war and nuclear-bomb were replaced with ones quoted from biology, genetics and cloning. Stephenson’s play brings to light the danger of turning from natural to artificial selection as science, now, has access not only to the DNA structure but also how to manipulate it. The drama’s extensive debate focuses mainly on the risk of genome-related discrimination.
The Effect of Swain's Push Out Hypothesis on Promoting Jordanian Language Learners' Reading Performance
Authors: Al-Ghazo Abeer 
Published: December 2017

The present study investigates the effect of push out hypothesis in language acquisition that is based on Swain’s push out hypothesis (1985) on promoting Jordanian language learners' reading performance. The sample of the study consists of two classes of English reading comprehension Course , Level one with 60 EFL students, 30 in the control group and 30 in the experimental group. Those students were belonging to the Department of English Language and Literature. The researchers choose the reading texts from reading comprehension course which was published by Macmillan Education LTD, intermediate level (2001). The researchers construct a multiple-choice reading comprehension test to assess the students reading comprehension. The participants in the two groups took a vocabulary test and an achievement reading comprehension test as a pre-test in order to be sure that the participants formed a homogenous sample. The experimental group underwent a treatment based on Swains’ push out task, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Then, Proper statistical analyses were used to analyze the results. The scores of control and experimental group were compared at the end of the treatment period. The results reveal that the scores of the experimental group on the post-test were significantly higher than those of the control group. These results prove that teaching on the basis of the Swains’ push out hypothesis was successful to develop the students’ reading comprehension as well as their performance.
CD4 count and tuberculosis risk in HIV-positive adults not on ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ellis Penelope K. , Martin Willam J. , Dodd Peter J. 
Published: December 2017

Background
CD4 cell count in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PLHIV) not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences tuberculosis (TB) risk. Despite widespread use in models informing resource allocation, this relationship has not been systematically reviewed.

Methods
We systematically searched MEDLINE, Aidsinfo, Cochrane review database and Google Scholar for reports in English describing TB incidence stratified by updated CD4 cell count in cohorts of HIV-positive adults (age ≥15 years) not on ART (PROSPERO protocol no: CRD42016048888). Among inclusion criteria were: reporting precision for TB incidence, repeated CD4 measurements, and TB incidence reported for those not on ART or monotherapy. Study quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa tool for cohort studies. A Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to estimate the pooled factor increase in TB incidence with respect to CD4 cell count decrement.

Results
A total of 1,555 distinct records were identified from which 164 full text articles were obtained. Common reasons for exclusion of full texts were: no valid TB incidence, no repeat CD4 measurements, and not reporting TB incidence by ART status. The seven studies included reported on 1,206 TB cases among 41,271 individuals, with a typical median follow-up of four years. Studies were generally rated as moderate or high quality. Our meta-analysis estimated a 1.43 (95% credible interval: 1.16–1.88)-fold increase in TB incidence per 100 cells per mm3 decrease in CD4 cell count.

Discussion
Our analysis confirms previous estimates of exponential increase in TB incidence with declining CD4 cell count in adults, emphasizing the importance of early ART initiation to reduce TB risk in PLHIV.
Performance of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Evaluated on Clinical Oncology Cases
Authors: Chen David , Huang Ryan S. , Jomy Jane , Wong Philip , Yan Michael , Croke Jennifer , Tong Daniel , Hope Andrew , Eng Lawson , Raman Srinivas 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceMultimodal artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots can process complex medical image and text-based information that may improve their accuracy as a clinical diagnostic and management tool compared with unimodal, text-only AI chatbots. However, the difference in medical accuracy of multimodal and text-only chatbots in addressing questions about clinical oncology cases remains to be tested.ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of prompt engineering (zero-shot chain-of-thought) and compare the competency of multimodal and unimodal AI chatbots to generate medically accurate responses to questions about clinical oncology cases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study benchmarked the medical accuracy of multiple-choice and free-text responses generated by AI chatbots in response to 79 questions about clinical oncology cases with images.ExposuresA unique set of 79 clinical oncology cases from JAMA Network Learning accessed on April 2, 2024, was posed to 10 AI chatbots.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was medical accuracy evaluated by the number of correct responses by each AI chatbot. Multiple-choice responses were marked as correct based on the ground-truth, correct answer. Free-text responses were rated by a team of oncology specialists in duplicate and marked as correct based on consensus or resolved by a review of a third oncology specialist.ResultsThis study evaluated 10 chatbots, including 3 multimodal and 7 unimodal chatbots. On the multiple-choice evaluation, the top-performing chatbot was chatbot 10 (57 of 79 [72.15%]), followed by the multimodal chatbot 2 (56 of 79 [70.89%]) and chatbot 5 (54 of 79 [68.35%]). On the free-text evaluation, the top-performing chatbots were chatbot 5, chatbot 7, and the multimodal chatbot 2 (30 of 79 [37.97%]), followed by chatbot 10 (29 of 79 [36.71%]) and chatbot 8 and the multimodal chatbot 3 (25 of 79 [31.65%]). The accuracy of multimodal chatbots decreased when tested on cases with multiple images compared with questions with single images. Nine out of 10 chatbots, including all 3 multimodal chatbots, demonstrated decreased accuracy of their free-text responses compared with multiple-choice responses to questions about cancer cases.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of chatbot accuracy tested on clinical oncology cases, multimodal chatbots were not consistently more accurate than unimodal chatbots. These results suggest that further research is required to optimize multimodal chatbots to make more use of information from images to improve oncology-specific medical accuracy and reliability.
Long-Term Trajectories of Postoperative Recovery in Younger and Older Veterans
Authors: Jacobs Michael A. , Jacobs Carly A. , Intrator Orna , Makineni Rajesh , Youk Ada , Boudreaux-Kelly Monique Y. , McCoy Jennifer L. , Kinosian Bruce , Shireman Paula K. , Hall Daniel E. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceMajor surgery sometimes involves long recovery or even permanent institutionalization. Little is known about long-term trajectories of postoperative recovery, as surgical registries are limited to 30-day outcomes and care can occur across various institutions.ObjectiveTo characterize long-term postoperative recovery trajectories.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used Veterans Affairs (VA) Surgical Quality Improvement Program data (2016 through 2019) linked to the Residential History File, combining data from the VA, Medicare/Medicaid, and other sources to capture most health care utilization by days. Patients were divided into younger (younger than 65 years) or older (65 years or older) subgroups, as Medicare eligibility is age dependent. Latent-class, group-based trajectory models were developed for each group. These data were analyzed from February 2023 through August 2024.ExposureSurgical care in VA hospitals.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDays elsewhere than home (DEH) were counted in 30-day periods for 275 days presurgery and 365 days postsurgery.ResultsA 5-trajectory solution was optimal and visually similar for both age groups (cases: 179 879 younger [mean age (SD) 51.2 (10.8) years; most were male [154 542 (83.0%)] and 198 803 older [mean (SD) age, 72.2 (6.0) years; 187 996 were male (97.6%)]). Most cases were in trajectories 1 and 2 (T1 and T2). T1 cases returned home within 30 days (younger, 74.0%; older, 54.2%), while T2 described delayed recovery within 30 to 60 days (younger, 21.6%; older, 35.5%). Trajectory 3 (T3) and trajectory 4 (T4) were similar for the first 30 days postsurgery, but subsequently separated with T3 representing protracted recovery of 6 months or longer (younger, 2.7%; older, 3.8%) and T4 indicating long-term loss of independence (younger, 1.3%; older, 5.2%). Few (trajectory 5) were chronically dependent, with 20 to 30 DEH per month before and after surgery (younger, 0.4%; older, 1.3%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, trajectory models demonstrated clinically meaningful differences in postoperative recovery that should inform surgical decision-making. Registries should include longer-term outcomes to enable future research to distinguish patients prone to long-term loss of independence vs protracted, but meaningful recovery.
Assessing the impact of deep‐learning assistance on the histopathological diagnosis of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) in fallopian tubes
Authors: Bogaerts Joep MA , Steenbeek Miranda P , Bokhorst John‐Melle , van Bommel Majke HD , Abete Luca , Addante Francesca , Brinkhuis Mariel , Chrzan Alicja , Cordier Fleur , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Fernández‐Pérez Juan , Fischer Anna , Gilks C Blake , Guerriero Angela , Jaconi Marta , Kleijn Tony G , Kooreman Loes , Martin Spencer , Milla Jakob , Narducci Nadine , Ntala Chara , Parkash Vinita , de Pauw Christophe , Rabban Joseph T , Rijstenberg Lucia , Rottscholl Robert , Staebler Annette , Van de Vijver Koen , Zannoni Gian Franco , van Zanten Monica ,   AI‐STIC Study Group, de Hullu Joanne A , Simons Michiel , van der Laak Jeroen AWM 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, it has become clear that artificial intelligence (AI) models can achieve high accuracy in specific pathology‐related tasks. An example is our deep‐learning model, designed to automatically detect serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), the precursor lesion to high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma, found in the fallopian tube. However, the standalone performance of a model is insufficient to determine its value in the diagnostic setting. To evaluate the impact of the use of this model on pathologists' performance, we set up a fully crossed multireader, multicase study, in which 26 participants, from 11 countries, reviewed 100 digitalized H&E‐stained slides of fallopian tubes (30 cases/70 controls) with and without AI assistance, with a washout period between the sessions. We evaluated the effect of the deep‐learning model on accuracy, slide review time and (subjectively perceived) diagnostic certainty, using mixed‐models analysis. With AI assistance, we found a significant increase in accuracy (p < 0.01) whereby the average sensitivity increased from 82% to 93%. Further, there was a significant 44 s (32%) reduction in slide review time (p < 0.01). The level of certainty that the participants felt versus their own assessment also significantly increased, by 0.24 on a 10‐point scale (p < 0.01). In conclusion, we found that, in a diverse group of pathologists and pathology residents, AI support resulted in a significant improvement in the accuracy of STIC diagnosis and was coupled with a substantial reduction in slide review time. This model has the potential to provide meaningful support to pathologists in the diagnosis of STIC, ultimately streamlining and optimizing the overall diagnostic process.
Responsive Theranostic Nanoprobe for Ratiometric Photoacoustic Monitoring of Hypochlorous Acid‐Mediated Inflammation in Cancer Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Huayue , Wu Miaomiao , Sumadi Firasti Agung Nugrahening , Fu Changkui , Meng Qingtao , Alanazi Mazen , Zhang Zexi , Xu Zhi Ping , Ta Hang Thu , Zhang Run 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer detection and inflammation monitoring during photothermal therapy (PTT) enable timely cancer intervention and precise inflammation control, advancing to address inflammation‐related tumor recurrence and metastasis associated with PTT. This can be achieved through real‐time monitoring biomarker for cancer and inflammation, like hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) in body with elevated levels in inflammation. Here, a HOCl‐responsive theranostic nanoprobe is introduced, AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA for ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) cancer detection and inflammation monitoring during PTT. AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA emits PA signals at 680 and 820 nm, with only PA680 undergoing changes in the presence of HOCl, enabling precise HOCl imaging via recording changes of ratiometric PA signals (PA680/PA820). AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.34 µM for ratiometric PA imaging of HOCl. In vivo, it effectively detects tumor, drives PTT, and monitors inflammation during PTT by sensing HOCl. The successful development of AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA offers a novel theranostic nanoprobe system for cancer diagnosis, poised to enhance PTT through precise inflammation control.
Sweat‐Permeable, Microbiota‐Preserving, Mechanically Antibacterial Patch for Long‐Term Interfacing with Perspiring Skin
Authors: Wu Yujiao , Li Xinyu , He Peiying , Zou Jiarui , Zhuang Changgeng , Li Xiaofeng , Jin Qin , Peng Tianhan , Zhang Xinlei , Zheng Dengwen , Peng Feng , He Shuang , Zhong Lieshuang , Tang Kaiwei , Wang Xiufeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe prolonged health monitoring using wearable technology faces challenges stemming from perspiration, including bacterial proliferation, compromised adhesion, signal quality deterioration, and user discomfort. Notably, excessive sweat fosters bacterial colonization, escalating infection risks, and compromising biomarker analysis. Existing antibacterial approaches, unfortunately, risk disrupting the delicate balance of skin microbiota. To address this, a Janus patch featuring Zn‐Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) modification is developed, which exhibits sustained antibacterial properties while preserving the epidermal microecology. It integrates a hydrophilic LDH fabric that mechanically eradicates bacteria via a nanoknife effect, and a laser‐engraved medical adhesive with microholes for unidirectional sweat transport. This innovative design not only enhances adhesion stability but also safeguards the skin microbiome by preventing direct contact with Zn‐Al LDH. Moreover, the patch seamlessly interfaces with sweat‐monitoring technologies like microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (uPADs) sensors, ensuring 100% antibacterial efficacy and efficient sweat redirection for reliable detection while prioritizing user comfort. It can serve as a durable bridge between perspiring skin and epidermal sensors, revolutionizing the realm of long‐term health monitoring.
Unveiling the Electrocatalytic Activity of Bifunctional Iron‐Niobium Double Perovskites for Overall Water Splitting: A‐Site Cation Influence
Authors: Avcıoğlu Celal , Bekheet Maged F. , Avcıoğlu Suna , Kaya Figen , Kim Byung Chul , Kaya Cengiz , Gurlo Aleksander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCapitalizing on the electrochemical conversion of water into hydrogen stands as a pivotal strategy in the global transition toward sustainable energy sources. This study investigates the influence of the A‐site cation type within A2FeNbO6 double perovskites (where A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) on their bifunctional electrocatalytic activities. The electrocatalytic performance is scrutinized in relation to charge transfer resistance, oxygen vacancy concentration, and metal‐oxygen covalency. Among the variants, Sr2FeNbO6 is distinguished as the optimal catalyst, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2 at overpotentials of 260 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 176 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thus matching the performance of leading metal oxide electrocatalysts. The study reveals pH‐dependent kinetics for Sr2FeNbO6, indicative of a lattice oxygen evolution mechanism for OER. An electrolyzer employing Sr2FeNbO6 electrodes for both the anode and cathode delivers a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2 at an efficient cell voltage of 1.76 V for complete alkaline water splitting, while also demonstrating exceptional stability. These insights advance the understanding of material optimization for electrocatalysis and position Sr2FeNbO6 as a viable catalyst for the sustainable production of hydrogen.
Implantable Microarray Patch: Engineering at the Nano and Macro Scale for Sustained Therapeutic Release via Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers
Authors: Zhao Li , Sabri Akmal Hidayat Bin , McGuckin Mary B. , Li Linlin , Wang Zihao , Larrañeta Eneko , Donnelly Ryan F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery has been an increasingly studied alternative drug administration route owing to the large surface area of the skin, enabling ease of access and application. Among the various transdermal drug delivery technologies that have been developed so far, microarray patches (MAPs) incorporating microneedle technology (MN) have garnered much attention. MAPs can easily penetrate the stratum corneum, facilitating the delivery of desired substances directly into the skin, exhibiting a higher delivery efficiency compared to alternative transdermal drug delivery approaches. The effectiveness of MAPs in delivering therapeutics is affected by a multitude of factors, one of which is the selection of materials employed in their fabrication. Among various materials that have been used to fabricate MAPs, synthetic biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) have been exploited for sustained and controlled release with excellent biocompatibility. PLGA and PLA can be used to construct the entire needle shaft or drug‐loaded microparticles which are then incorporated into needle layer. The combination of MN technology in conjunction with biodegradable polymers has revolutionized sustained and controlled transdermal delivery of small and large molecules.
Recrystallizing Sputtered NiOx for Improved Hole Extraction in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Jin Yongbin , Feng Huiping , Li Yingji , Zhang Hong , Chen Xuelin , Zhong Yawen , Zeng Qinghua , Huang Jiarong , Weng Yalian , Yang Jinxin , Tian Chengbo , Zhang Jinyan , Xie Liqiang , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSputtering nickel oxide (NiOx) is a production‐line‐compatible route for depositing hole transport layers (HTL) in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, this technique often results in films with low crystallinity and structural flaws, which can impair electronic conductivity. Additionally, the complex surface chemistry and inadequate Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio impede the effective binding of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), affecting hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Herein, these issues are addressed using a recrystallization strategy by treating sputtered NiOx thin films with sodium periodate (NaIO4), an industrially available oxidant. This treatment improved crystallinity and increased the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio, resulting in a higher content of nickel oxyhydroxide. These enhancements strengthened the SAM's anchoring capability on NiOx and improved the hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Moreover, the NaIO4 treatment facilitated Na+ diffusion within the perovskite layer and minimized phase separation, thus improving device stability. As a result, single‐junction perovskite solar cells with a 1.68 eV bandgap achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.22% for an area of 0.12 cm2. Perovskite/silicon tandem cells with an area of 1 cm2 reached a PCE of 30.48%. Encapsulated tandem devices retained 95% of their initial PCE after 300 h of maximum power point tracking under 1‐sun illumination at 25 °C.
Expanding the Phenotype of Extremely Early Onset Juvenile Huntington's Disease: A Case Report and Review of Previously Published Cases
Authors: Powis Zöe , Lutz Jonathon , Liaquat Khalida , Querubin Jyes A. , Batish Sat Dev 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExtremely early‐onset juvenile Huntington's disease (HD) has been described in three patients with onset at approximately 18 months to 2 years of age. Herein, we report a patient with, to our knowledge, the youngest age of onset with the largest reported explicit expansion size. We also summarize the previously reported cases of extremely early‐onset juvenile HD. This information is important to gain insight into this phenotype for earlier diagnosis and in the hopes of future lifesaving treatments.
Recurrent Xp22.31‐Yq11 Unbalanced Translocations: Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Implications in Three Families
Authors: Daghsni Marwa , Sheehan Elizabeth , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , Aarabi Mahmoud , Witchel Selma F. , Rajkovic Aleksandar , Yatsenko Svetlana A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnbalanced translocation between chromosomes X and Y is a recurring chromosomal rearrangement. The presence of a derivative chromosome X (derX), where a Yq11‐qter segment is attached to the short arm of chromosome X, replacing a terminal Xpter‐p22.31, poses challenges for interpretation of findings by prenatal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening, establishing genotype–phenotype correlation in male and female individuals, and for genetic counseling. In this report, we provide clinical outcomes, inheritance, and clinical implications of derX in three families referred to diagnostic testing due to discrepant results for sex chromosomes reported by cfDNA, abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings, recurrent pregnancy losses, or affected family members with derX transmitted through multiple generations. Reports of discrepant sex and risk for sex chromosome aneuploidy such as 45,X, 47,XXY and 47,XYY are common false positive outcomes of a prenatal cfDNA screening if either a mother or a fetus has unbalanced Xp‐Yq translocation. In addition, mothers who carry der(X) facing a recurrent risk of ambiguity in prenatal testing. Pregnancy loss and neonatal death/stillbirth of male offspring are common in affected families, but this risk does not directly correlate with the size of deleted Xp region. This study emphasizes the importance of CMA and familial testing for accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling.