bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated mutant forms of PIK3CA cooperate with RasV12 or c‐Met to induce liver tumour formation in mice via AKT2/mTORC1 cascade
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Che Li , Hu Junjie , Zhang Shanshan , Jiang Lijie , Latte Gavinella , Demartis Maria I. , Tao Junyan , Gui Bing , Pilo Maria G. , Ribback Silvia , Dombrowski Frank , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Chen Xin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsActivating mutations of PIK3CA occur in various tumour types, including human hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms whereby PIK3CA contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis remain poorly understood.MethodsPIK3CA mutants H1047R or E545K were hydrodynamically transfected, either alone or in combination with NRasV12 or c‐Met genes, in the mouse liver.ResultsOverexpression of H1047R or E545K alone was able to induce AKT/mTOR signalling in the mouse liver, leading to hepatic steatosis. However, none of the mice developed liver tumours over long term. In contrast, H1047R or E545K cooperated with NRasV12 or c‐Met to rapidly induce liver tumour formation in mice. At the molecular level, all the tumour nodules displayed activation of AKT/mTOR and Ras/MAPK cascades. Ablation of AKT2 significantly inhibited hepatic steatosis induced by H1047R or E545K and carcinogenesis induced by H1047R/c‐Met or E545K/c‐Met. Furthermore, tumourigenesis induced by H1047R/c‐Met was abolished in conditional Raptor knockout mice.ConclusionsBoth H1047R and E545K are able to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway. An intact AKT2/mTOR complex 1 cascade is required for tumourigenesis induced by H1047R/c‐Met or E545K/c‐Met in the liver.
Predicting forest management effects on oak–rodent mutualisms
Authors: Morán‐López Teresa , Wiegand Thorsten , Morales Juan Manuel , Valladares Fernando , Díaz Mario 
Published: December 2015

Wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus are the main dispersers of acorns in highly managed Mediterranean holm‐oak woodlands. Mice mobilize and cache acorns to store them for winter consumption. They carry acorns away from potential competitors, face predation risks during mobilization, and cache acorns in areas where pilfering risks are low. However, mice can act either as net predators or as moderately efficient dispersers, depending on the way landscape management affects intraspecific competition for acorns and shelter availability. To assess the influence of landscape structure and mouse behavior on acorn dispersal, we developed an agent‐based model (ABM) that translates forest management into changes in key environmental factors driving mouse foraging decisions.The model was able to predict accurately acorn dispersal patterns in a wide range of forest management practices based on information on forest habitat availability, stem density and shrub cover. Sensitivity analysis revealed that caching rates emerged from the interplay between intraspecific competition for seeds and predation risk accepted during mobilization. It also showed that intraspecific competition for acorns decreased with increasing habitat loss (due to positive edge effects on acorn production) while landscape resistance to mouse movements increased. As a result, the net benefits of caching declined and acorn predation became the dominant strategy. Finally, we assessed the effects of shrub encroachment as a management practice to enhance dispersal services in savanna‐like landscapes (dehesas). The model predicted non‐linear responses with a 65% threshold of shrub cover needed to achieve relatively high levels of acorn dispersal. This value may not be compatible with the traditional exploitation of dehesas (livestock rearing). Our study shows that integrated approaches that combine environmental change driven by management with behavioral responses of dispersers improve our understanding of the causes of recruitment bottlenecks, and are useful tools for evaluating conservation strategies aimed at enhancing dispersal services.
Rhizobacteria activates (+)‐δ‐cadinene synthase genes and induces systemic resistance in cotton against beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)
Authors: Zebelo Simon , Song Yuanyuan , Kloepper Joseph W. , Fadamiro Henry 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGossypol is an important allelochemical produced by the subepidermal glands of some cotton varieties and important for their ability to respond to changing biotic stress by exhibiting antibiosis against some cotton pests. Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are root‐colonizing bacteria that increase plant growth and often elicit defence against plant pathogens and insect pests. Little is known about the effect of PGPR on cotton plant–insect interactions and the potential biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which PGPR enhance cotton plant defence. Here, we report that PGPR (Bacillusspp.) treated cotton plants showed significantly higher levels of gossypol compared with untreated plants. Similarly, the transcript levels of the genes (i.e. (+)‐δ‐cadinene synthase gene family) involved in the biosynthesis of gossypol were higher in PGPR‐treated plants than in untreated plants. Furthermore, the levels of jasmonic acid, an octadecanoid‐derived defence‐related phytohormone and the transcript level of jasmonic acid responsive genes were higher in PGPR‐treated plants than in untreated plants. Most intriguingly,Spodoptera exiguashowed reduced larval feeding and development on PGPR‐treated plants. These findings demonstrate that treatment of plants with rhizobacteria may induce significant biochemical and molecular changes with potential ramifications for plant–insect interactions.
Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol as a cardiovascular risk screening tool in children
Authors: Miyazaki Ayumi , Oguri Ayako , Ichida Fukiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) is now recognized as a strong predictive factor for cardiovascular disease in adults, but there have been few reports on non‐HDL‐C in children.MethodsA total of 5853 4th and 7th grade schoolchildren were included in the screening for lifestyle‐related disease from 2010 to 2011 in Takaoka City. The children underwent anthropometric measurements and non‐fasting blood tests to measure total cholesterol (TC), HDL‐C, triglyceride (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). The relationship between percent overweight and each lipid level was analyzed, and children above the 97th percentile level with respect to both TC (220 mg/dL) and non‐HDL‐C (152 mg/dL) were compared and assessed. The relationship between non‐HDL‐C and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was also analyzed among 150 obese children.ResultsNon‐HDL‐C positively correlated with percent overweight and TG rather than did TC (r = 0.273, 0.360 vs 0.118, 0.179, all P < 0.001). In the screening using TC criteria, several subjects with increased HDL‐C were miscategorized as hyperlipidemic, whereas none were miscategorized using the non‐HDL‐C criteria. The sensitivity of the identification of increased LDL‐C was lower when the criteria for TC were used rather than the criteria for non‐HDL‐C (80.8% vs 98.3%). Among obese children, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased significantly and was accompanied by an increase in non‐HDL‐C (P = 0.009).ConclusionInstead of TC, non‐HDL‐C would serve as a better and useful cardiovascular risk screening tool for lifestyle‐related disease in school children.
Bubbly and cystic appearance in chronic lung disease: Is this diagnosed as Wilson–Mikity syndrome?
Authors: Namba Fumihiko , Fujimura Masanori , Tamura Masanori 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWilson–Mikity syndrome (WMS) was first reported in 1960 by Wilson and Mikity. They described preterm infants who developed areas of cystic emphysema in the first month of life with subsequent progression to chronic lung disease (CLD) of infancy, although these infants did not exhibit early respiratory distress, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This condition was widely accepted over the next 20 years, but WMS is now rarely mentioned and is commonly considered an anachronism. In Japan, CLD is classified into six types according to the presence of RDS and/or intrauterine inflammation and appearance on chest X‐ray. One type of CLD (type III, which accounts for 13.5% of all CLD) is defined as history of intrauterine inflammation and the typical bubbly and cystic appearance on chest X‐ray described in the original report of WMS. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether WMS exists or whether WMS is relatively common only in Japan and not in other countries. It is important, however, to distinguish this type of CLD from other types because the strategy for the prevention or treatment of CLD should be different according to its origin, cause, and risk factors.
Probable mechanism of sexual dimorphism in insulin control of Drosophila heat stress resistance
Authors: Gruntenko Nataly E. , Karpova Evgenia K. , Burdina Elena V. , Adonyeva Natalya V. , Andreenkova Olga V. , Alekseev Alexander A. , Rauschenbach Inga Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdult males of Drosophila species (Drosophila melanogaster L. and Drosophila virilis) show a lower tolerance to heat stress compared with females. The present study investigates the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of the insulin‐like receptor in the corpus allatum of D. melanogaster males on dopamine metabolism and content, heat stress resistance and juvenile hormone metabolism. In male flies, the knockdown of insulin‐like receptor in the corpus allatum is shown to change metabolism of juvenile hormone but not dopamine. It is also shown that knockdown of the insulin‐like receptor in the corpus allatum results in a decrease of heat stress resistance in females but not males, and that juvenile hormone rescues this decrease. The results suggest that at least one of the ways in which insulin‐like growth factors affect heat stress resistance is by successive mediation through juvenile hormone and dopamine, which could lead to sexual dimorphism in the trait.
Fiber‐Optic Probes for Small‐Scale Measurements of Scalar Irradiance
Authors: Rickelt Lars Fledelius , Lichtenberg Mads , Trampe Erik Christian Løvbjerg , Kühl Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new method for producing fiber‐optic microprobes for scalar irradiance (=fluence rate) measurements is described. Such fine‐scale measurements are important in many photobiological disciplines. With the new method, it is possible to cast spherical 30–600 μm wide light integrating sensor tips onto tapered or untapered optical fibers. The sensor tip is constructed by first casting a clear polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sphere (~80% of the size of the final probe tip diameter) onto the optical fiber via dip‐coating. Subsequently, the clear sphere is covered with light diffusing layers of PMMA mixed with TiO2 until the fiber probe exhibits a satisfactory isotropic response (typically ±5–10%). We also present an experimental setup for measuring the isotropic response of fiber‐optic scalar irradiance probes in air and water. The fiber probes can be mounted in a syringe equipped with a needle, facilitating retraction of the spherical fiber tip. This makes it, e.g. possible to cut a hole in cohesive tissue with the needle before inserting the probe. The light‐collecting properties of differently sized scalar irradiance probes (30, 40, 100, 300 and 470 μm) produced by this new method were compared to probes produced with previously published methods. The new scalar irradiance probes showed both higher throughput of light, especially for blue light, as well as a better isotropic light collection over a wide spectral range. The new method also allowed manufacturing of significantly smaller scalar irradiance microprobes (down to 30 μm tip diameter) than hitherto possible, and such sensors allow minimally invasive high‐resolution scalar irradiance measurements in thin biofilms, leaves and animal tissues.
Medical thoracoscopy: Survey of current practice—How successful are medical thoracoscopists at predicting malignancy?
Authors: Hallifax Robert J. , Corcoran John P. , Psallidas Ioannis , Rahman Najib M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUse of medical thoracoscopy by respiratory physicians is increasing. This survey of experienced thoracoscopists was conducted to establish current practice of medical thoracoscopy and physicians' opinion of theoretical cases using 20 video clips. Results suggest an increasing trend towards day‐case thoracoscopy but that caution is required when making diagnosis on macroscopic appearance: malignant and benign disease could only be differentiated in 59% of cases, and trapped lung is difficult to predict at thoracoscopy.
Visualization of the Evaporating Liquid-Vapor Interface in Micropillar Arrays
Authors: Antao Dion S. , Adera Solomon , Farias Edgardo , Raj Rishi , Wang Evelyn N. 
Published: December 2015

We captured interesting static and dynamic behavior of the liquid-vapor interface in well-defined silicon micropillar arrays during thermally driven evaporation of water from the microstructured surface. The 3-D shape of the meniscus was characterized via laser interferometry where bright and dark fringes result from the interference of incident and reflected monochromatic light due to a variable thickness thin liquid film (FIG. 1). During steady state evaporation experiments, water was supplied to the sample with a syringe pump at 10 μL/min. FIG. 2a and 2b show a SEM image of a typical fabricated micropillar array and a schematic of the experimental setup, respectively.
When water wicks through the micropillar array, the meniscus in a unit cell (four pillars in FIG. 1) assumes an equilibrium shape depending on the location from the liquid source/reservoir and the ambient conditions (ambient evaporation at Qin = 0 W). At this point, the meniscus is pinned at the top of the pillars. As the evaporation rate increases due the applied heat flux, the meniscus increases in curvature, thus increasing the capillary pressure to sustain the higher evaporation rate. This is evidenced by the increasing number of fringes in the unit cell when Qin is increased (0 W, 0.11 W, 0.44 W, and 0.99 W, FIG. 1a-1d respectively). Beyond a maximum curvature, the meniscus de-pins from the pillar top surface and recedes within the unit cell. This occurs when the capillary pressure generated at this curvature, cannot balance the viscous loss resulting from flow through the micropillar array. We observed that this receding shape was independent of the applied heat, and only depended on the micropillar array geometry and the intrinsic wettability of the material. Representative meniscus profiles along the diagonal direction of the unit cell obtained from image analysis of FIG. 1 at various Qin are shown in FIG. 2c.
Parental migration patterns and risk of depression and anxiety disorder among rural children aged 10–18 years in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shen Min , Gao Jing , Liang Zenzen , Wang Youjie , Du Yukai , Stallones Lorann 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety in left-behind children, and to identify patterns of parents’ migration and relative factors associated with depression and anxiety risk in this population.SettingA cross-sectional survey using a school-based sample was conducted in Puyang, Hebei, North China in December 2012.Participants2283 students aged 10–18 years.Main outcome measuresParental migration status, depression and anxiety disorder.Results61.2% of participants were left-behind children. The prevalence rate of depression among left-behind children with both parents migrating (14.2%) was higher than that of children with one parent migrating (11.7%) and no parent migrating (12.6%). The prevalence rate of anxiety disorder for children with no parent migrating (25.1%) was higher than that for children living with one or neither parent (22.2% and 22.0%). The risk factors for depression were low-level social support (OR=3.46, 95% CI 2.00 to 6.01), average academic performance (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.3) and low academic performance (OR=3.01, 95% CI 1.92 to 4.72), staying up late (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.39), having difficulty falling asleep (OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.82) and being an only child (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.89). The factors associated with anxiety disorder were being female (OR=2.09, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.66), being in high school (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.36), physical abuse (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.15), having difficulty falling asleep (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.10) and low-level social support (OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.28) and middle-level social support (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.56).ConclusionsParents’ migration was not associated with depression and anxiety in rural children aged 10–18 years, but academic performance at school, sleep problems and lack of social support were associated with depression and anxiety.
A New Point of View for Fuzzy Numbers and Their Defuzzification
Authors: Adillon Romà , Jorba Lambert 
Published: December 2015

In this paper we develop a new graphical representation of fuzzy numbers, which we then employ to propose a geometrical approach to their defuzzification. The calculations involved in the proposed method and the resultant representation use Moore's semiplane for intervals and therefore are far simpler than those involved in other approaches. We start by representing triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers in Moore's semiplane. Then we extend this work to any fuzzy number. Although this extension has to be undertaken in [Formula: see text], it preserves all the properties we study for trapezoidal and triangular fuzzy numbers in Moore's semiplane.
Predicting Appearance from Measured Microgeometry of Metal Surfaces
Authors: Dong Zhao , Walter Bruce , Marschner Steve , Greenberg Donald P. 
Published: December 2015

The visual appearance of many materials is created by micro-scale details of their surface geometry. In this article, we investigate a new approach to capturing the appearance of metal surfaces without reflectance measurements, by deriving microfacet distributions directly from measured surface topography. Modern profilometers are capable of measuring surfaces with subwavelength resolution at increasingly rapid rates. We consider both wave- and geometric-optics methods for predicting BRDFs of measured surfaces and compare the results to optical measurements from a gonioreflectometer for five rough metal samples. Surface measurements are also used to predict spatial variation, or texture, which is especially important for the appearance of our anisotropic brushed metal samples.
Profilometer-based BRDF acquisition offers many potential advantages over traditional techniques, including speed and easy handling of anisotropic, highly directional materials. We also introduce a new generalized normal distribution function, the ellipsoidal NDF, to compactly represent nonsymmetric features in our measured data and texture synthesis.
Demo hour
Authors: Jeong Hayeon , Saakes Daniel , Lee Uichin , Esteves Augusto , Velloso Eduardo , Bulling Andreas , Masai Katsutoshi , Sugiura Yuta , Ogata Masa , Kunze Kai , Inami Masahiko , Sugimoto Maki , Rathnayake Anura , Dias Tilak 
Published: December 2015

Demos at UBICOMP 2015 provided researchers with an opportunity to present their latest cutting-edge research, but also early implementations, prototypes, work-in-progress systems, and commercial products. At UBICOMP, demos offer a chance for authors to engage the attendees and media representatives at a personal level and let them see, touch, and experience the future of ubicomp.
Itiro Siio and Sidhant Gupta, UBICOMP 2015 Demo Chairs
Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study (JPHC Study Cohort II)
Authors: Abe Sarah Krull , Inoue Manami , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Sasazuki Shizuka ,   for the JPHC Study Group, Saito Eiko , Tanaka Yasuhito , Mizokami Masashi , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the risk of pancreatic cancer among Japanese adults.
Methods: A total of 20,360 subjects of the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC)–based prospective study cohort II with available data on HBV and HCV infection status from blood samples were followed up until the end of 2010 for an average of 16 years. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: During 324,394 person-years, 116 newly diagnosed cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. Compared with individuals without a positive infection marker, the multivariate-adjusted HRs were 1.22 (95% CI, 0.81–1.84) for anti-HBc and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.28–1.69) for anti-HCV. There were no pancreatic cancer cases among HBsAg-positive participants.
Conclusion: In the JPHC study, we did not observe a statistically significant association between hepatitis B or C and the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Impact: Our results do not support an association between hepatitis B or C and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 555–7. ©2015 AACR.
IL35-Producing B Cells Promote the Development of Pancreatic Neoplasia
Authors: Pylayeva-Gupta Yuliya , Das Shipra , Handler Jesse S. , Hajdu Cristina H. , Coffre Maryaline , Koralov Sergei B. , Bar-Sagi Dafna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A salient feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an abundant fibroinflammatory response characterized by the recruitment of immune and mesenchymal cells and the consequent establishment of a protumorigenic microenvironment. Here, we report the prominent presence of B cells in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and PDAC lesions as well as in oncogenic Kras-driven pancreatic neoplasms in the mouse. The growth of orthotopic pancreatic neoplasms harboring oncogenic Kras was significantly compromised in B-cell–deficient mice (μMT), and this growth deficiency could be rescued by the reconstitution of a CD1dhiCD5+ B-cell subset. The protumorigenic effect of B cells was mediated by their expression of IL35 through a mechanism involving IL35-mediated stimulation of tumor cell proliferation. Our results identify a previously unrecognized role for IL35-producing CD1dhiCD5+ B cells in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and underscore the potential significance of a B-cell/IL35 axis as a therapeutic target.
Significance: This study identifies a B-cell subpopulation that accumulates in the pancreatic parenchyma during early neoplasia and is required to support tumor cell growth. Our findings provide a rationale for exploring B-cell–based targeting approaches for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(3); 247–55. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Roghanian et al., p. 230.
See related article by Lee et al., p. 256.
See related article by Gunderson et al., p. 270.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 217