bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heating and NaCl solution quenching into the microstructure and mechanical properties of SS 304
Authors: Sharma Ojas , Sharma Nitesh , Dewangan Saurabh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The stainless steel (SS) of grade 304 is known for its outstanding corrosion resistance at the room temperature due to carrying 10.5% of Cr content. However, the high temperature treatment can deplete the Cr content in the steel and makes it susceptible to corrosion. The present work attempts an experimental analysis to check the corrosion resistance of the SS304 after heating and quenching in NaCl solution. Three different concentrations such as 12.5%, 25%, and 37.5% NaCl solution were taken under consideration for quenching purpose. The effect of quenching was analysed on the basis of microstructural changes, possible corrosive degradation, strength, hardness, and toughness. The properties of the quenched samples have been compared with the same of ‘as received’ sample.
Effect of temperature difference on thermodynamic properties of L-Isoleucine In aqueous solutions of Thiamine Hydrochloride.
Authors: Prusty Khitismita , Kar Prativa , Nanda Braja B. , Nanda Binita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The temperature difference can lead to different changes in thermodynamic and physico-chemical properties of solutions. The irretrievable thermodynamics offers interface conditions that yield chemical energy change at phase interfaces. The study of change in thermodynamic properties such as apparent molar volume, V
2,ϕ, limiting apparent molar volume,

V

2
,
ϕ

0

volume transfer properties,

Δ

t
r

V

2
,
ϕ

0

and Hepler’s constant have been done by changing the temperature of solutions of L-isoleucine in aqueous thiamine hydrochloride from 298.15K to 318.15K at constant pressure. For this study, the density (ρ) of the solutions have been measured experimentally at five different temperatures. The effect of temperature difference and hence the mass-transfer in solutions creates some changes in the electrostriction among the solute and solvents. Thus, significant changes like structure-making and structure-breaking as well as intermolecular interactions changes take place in the solutions. In this paper we found that the difference in temperature impacted a much on the volumetric properties and the apparent molar volume as well as limiting apparent molar volume rise with the increase of temperature. The negative values of Hepler’s constant refers the solute is a structure breaker and the positive values of apparent molar volume as well as limiting apparent molar volume indicate the presence of strong solute-solvent interactions in the solution. This is loosened at higher temperatures.
Study of Tribological Properties of molybdenum graphite filled PTFE Composites Using Statistical tools
Authors: Eswar Dhanush , Savala Pavan , Naik Arjun , reddy Ayyanna , Deepthi Y P , Kumar sahu Santosh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents comprehensive study on the tribological properties of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) hybrid composites using statistical tools. It identifies influential factors in the field of tribology, facilitating the development of improved materials and applications. PTFE hybrid composites are prepared by adding Graphite and MoS2 by compression molding followed by sintering. Orthogonal Taguchi layout(L18) is designed to conduct the Tribo-logical tests using Pin on Disc tribometer. The optimal parameters for wear and friction are observed at 25 wt.% of filler content, at a rotational speed of 1.20 m/s with a normal load of 30N. Furthermore, the significance of the factors is evaluated using ANOVA (Analysis of variance). The results indicated that the speed and filler composition are significant factors influencing the tribological behavior of hybrid PTFE composites. The contributions of speed, composition being 76.9% and 19.3%. The significant factors for co-efficient of friction are speed and filler composition of 50.56% and 9.93% respectively.
Convolutional L2LFlows: generating accurate showers in highly granular calorimeters using convolutional normalizing flows
Authors: Buss Thorsten , Gaede Frank , Kasieczka Gregor , Krause Claudius , Shih David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the quest to build generative surrogate models as computationally efficient alternatives to rule-based simulations, the quality of the generated samples remains a crucial frontier. So far, normalizing flows have been among the models with the best fidelity. However, as the latent space in such models is required to have the same dimensionality as the data space, scaling up normalizing flows to high dimensional datasets is not straightforward. The prior L2LFlows approach successfully used a series of separate normalizing flows and sequence of conditioning steps to circumvent this problem. In this work, we extend L2LFlows to simulate showers with a 9-times larger profile in the lateral direction. To achieve this, we introduce convolutional layers and U-Net-type connections, move from masked autoregressive flows to coupling layers, and demonstrate the successful modelling of showers in the ILD Electromagnetic Calorimeter as well as Dataset 3 from the public CaloChallenge dataset.
Operator dynamics and entanglement in space-time dual Hadamard lattices
Authors: Claeys Pieter W , Lamacraft Austen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many-body quantum dynamics defined on a spatial lattice and in discrete time—either as stroboscopic Floquet systems or quantum circuits—has been an active area of research for several years. Being discrete in space and time, a natural question arises: when can such a model be viewed as evolving unitarily in space as well as in time? Models with this property, which sometimes goes by the name space-time duality, have been shown to have a number of interesting features related to entanglement growth and correlations. One natural way in which the property arises in the context of (brickwork) quantum circuits is by choosing dual unitary gates: two site operators that are unitary in both the space and time directions. We introduce a class of models with q states per site, defined on the square lattice by a complex partition function and paremeterized in terms of q × q Hadamard matrices, that have the property of space-time duality. These may interpreted as particular dual unitary circuits or stroboscopically evolving systems, and generalize the well studied self-dual kicked Ising model. We explore the operator dynamics in the case of Clifford circuits, making connections to Clifford cellular automata (Schlingemann et al 2008 J. Math. Phys.
49 112104) and in the

q
→
∞

limit to the classical spatiotemporal cat model of many body chaos (Gutkin et al 2021 Nonlinearity
34 2800). We establish integrability and the corresponding conserved charges for a large subfamily and show how the long-range entanglement protocol discussed in the recent paper (Lotkov et al 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 144306) can be reinterpreted in purely graphical terms and directly applied here.
Integration of generative artificial intelligence across construction management
Authors: Nyqvist R , Peltokorpi A , Seppänen O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in the context of construction management. Generative AI has surpassed human capabilities in various tasks, offering a unique opportunity to address longstanding development barriers in construction management. Previous research has shown how generative AI can help with individual management tasks but a wider overview of how generative AI could help in construction management is still missing. By breaking down construction management into individual tasks and linking each task to available generative AI solutions, the study uncovers multiple innovative approaches to enhance current practices. Consequently, this research introduces the mapping of management tasks and explores a range of practical implications of generative AI on construction management. The research takes a mixed-methods approach, collaborating with industry professionals from Finnish construction companies through focus group discussions (FGD), and questionnaires to gather valuable feedback. The outcome is a pragmatic summary of seven management actions, connected with generative AI solutions, and their quantitative potentiality assessment. The results indicate an overall good potential for integrating generative AI into construction management, with AI-enhanced chair and secretary actions, communication and situational awareness, data analysis and improvement, and risk management receiving the highest perceived potentiality scores.
Towards Industry 5.0 Skills - Off-site Construction Settings in Denmark
Authors: Jørsfeldt L. , Klitgaard A. , Selman A. , Jeppesen R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Industry 5.0 has recently gained attention in scientific and industrial circles, as the European Union urges industries to look at the human-centric approach in the era of rapid acceleration of technology adoption under the umbrella of the Industry 4.0 concept. The existing studies on Industry 5.0 in the construction sector focus mainly on health and safety issues, waste management, construction materials production, and measurement of environmental features. However, research on how the manufacturing settings and the required change of skills of manufacturing workers have changed in off-site production is scarce. Hence, this investigation aims to investigate contemporary manufacturing settings in the off-site construction industry and how the transition towards a cyber-physical system might affect the skill set of a manufacturing worker. The data was collected through observations. Data were captured as images of production processes, supported by field notes and unstructured interviews. The analysis of the data collected during two visits to off-site construction industry factories in Denmark shows that off-site production operates primarily using traditional tools from on-site production, namely by hand. Only a limited number of processes have been automated or supported by new technology. Furthermore, it was found that the present focus on the production method on the shopfloor means the shopfloor workforce must have traditional skills and use traditional tools to complete tasks such as setting up concrete casts or cutting timber. We argue furthermore that further research is required, and uncovering the barriers to new technology implementation and new job design in the off-site construction industry is recommended. Once revealed, this knowledge will allow us to propose multiple solutions to shift towards Industry 4.0 and 5.0. This shift will mean that the construction industry can experience and harvest the advantages of new technologies.
A novel procedure to automate the removal of PLI and motion artifacts using mode decomposition to enhance pattern recognition of sEMG signals for myoelectric control of prosthesis
Authors: Kumar Koppolu Pratap , Chemmangat Krishnan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hand Movement Recognition (HMR) with sEMG is crucial for artificial hand prostheses. HMR performance mostly depends on the feature information that is fed to the classifiers. However, sEMG often captures noise like power line interference (PLI) and motion artifacts. This may extract redundant and insignificant feature information, which can degrade HMR performance and increase computational complexity. This study aims to address these issues by proposing a novel procedure for automatically removing PLI and motion artifacts from experimental sEMG signals. This will make it possible to extract better features from the signal and improve the categorization of various hand movements. Empirical mode decomposition and energy entropy thresholding are utilized to select relevant mode components for artifact removal. Time domain features are then used to train classifiers (kNN, LDA, SVM) for hand movement categorization, achieving average accuracies of 92.36%, 93.63%, and 98.12%, respectively, across subjects. Additionally, muscle contraction efforts are classified into low, medium, and high categories using this technique. Validation is performed on data from ten subjects performing eight hand movement classes and three muscle contraction efforts with three surface electrode channels. Results indicate that the proposed preprocessing improves average accuracy by 9.55% with the SVM classifier, significantly reducing computational time.
Serjania piscatoria (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae) as a symbol of vascular variants polymorphism
Authors: Marques Natália F , Cunha Neto Israel L , Brito Lilian A , Somner Genise V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Serjania is the only genus of the Paullinieae tribe that exhibits all patterns of vascular variants and includes S. piscatoria which shows a complex vascular structure that has intrigued botanists for centuries. Here, we analysed the stem development of S. piscatoria in an evolutionary context. We studied four individuals using standardized anatomical techniques and employed DNA sequencing to determine the species’ phylogenetic position. Additionally, we explored the evolution of stem developmental diversity using stochastic character mapping of the categories and patterns of vascular variants. We find that disparate ontogenetic processes determine the stem development in S. piscatoria, which results in vascular variants derived from procambial variants, cambial variants, and ectopic cambia. This diversity underscores the developmental lability of vascular meristems, making the species' vascular system structurally diverse and polymorphic. The complex vascular system observed in S. piscatoria evolved within a lineage composed of species with compound stems. These findings provide evidence for the intricate and labile evolutionary history of stem vasculature in Serjania, and the value of studying vascular variants to unravel the patterns and processes shaping plant diversity.
Age differences in BOLD modulation to task difficulty as a function of amyloid burden
Authors: Hennessee Joseph P , Lung Tzu-Chen , Park Denise C , Kennedy Kristen M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Effective cognitive performance often requires the allocation of additional neural resources (i.e. blood-oxygen-level-dependent [BOLD] activation) as task demands increase, and this demand-related modulation is affected by amyloid-beta deposition and normal aging. The present study investigated these complex relationships between amyloid, modulation, and cognitive function (i.e. fluid ability). Participants from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study (DLBS, n = 252, ages 50–89) completed a semantic judgment task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) where the judgments differed in classification difficulty. Amyloid burden was assessed via positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-florbetapir. A quadratic relationship between amyloid standardized value uptake ratios (SUVRs) and BOLD modulation was observed such that modulation was weaker in those with moderately elevated SUVRs (e.g. just reaching amyloid-positivity), whereas those with very high SUVRs (e.g. SUVR &gt; 1.5) showed strong modulation. Greater modulation was related to better fluid ability, and this relationship was strongest in younger participants and those with lower amyloid burden. These results support the theory that effective demand-related modulation contributes to healthy cognitive aging, especially in the transition from middle age to older adulthood, whereas high modulation may be dysfunctional in those with substantial amyloid deposition.
Lower entorhinal cortex thickness is associated with greater financial exploitation vulnerability in cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Fenton Laura , Salminen Lauren E , Lim Aaron C , Weissberger Gali H , Nguyen Annie L , Axelrod Jenna , Noriega-Makarskyy Daisy , Yassine Hussein , Mosqueda Laura , Han S Duke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research suggests that increased financial exploitation vulnerability due to declining decision making may be an early behavioral manifestation of brain changes occurring in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. One of the earliest documented brain changes during the preclinical phase is neurodegeneration in the entorhinal cortex. The objective of the current study was to examine the association between a measure of financial exploitation vulnerability and thickness in the entorhinal cortex in 97 cognitively unimpaired older adults. We also investigated financial exploitation vulnerability associations with frontal regions typically associated with decision making (e.g. dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices), and additionally examined the interactive effect of age and cortical thickness on financial exploitation vulnerability. Results showed that greater financial exploitation vulnerability was associated with significantly lower entorhinal cortex thickness. There was a significant interaction between age and entorhinal cortex thickness on financial exploitation vulnerability, whereby lower entorhinal cortex thickness was associated with greater financial exploitation vulnerability in older participants. When the group was divided by age using a median split (70+ and &lt;70 years old), lower entorhinal cortex thickness was associated with greater vulnerability only in the older group. Collectively, these findings suggest that financial exploitation vulnerability may serve as a behavioral manifestation of entorhinal cortex thinning, a phenomenon observed in suboptimal brain aging and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.
Pre-existing maternal cardiovascular disease and the risk of offspring cardiovascular disease from infancy to early adulthood
Authors: Hossin Muhammad Zakir , Kazamia Kalliopi , Faxén Jonas , Rudolph André , Johansson Kari , Sandström Anna , Razaz Neda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
A variety of maternal heart conditions are associated with abnormal placentation and reduced foetal growth. However, their impact on offspring’s long-term cardiovascular health is poorly studied. This study aims to investigate the association between intrauterine exposure to pre-existing maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and offspring CVD occurring from infancy to early adulthood, using paternal CVD as a negative control.

Methods
This nationwide cohort study used register data of live singletons without major malformations or congenital heart disease born between 1992 and 2019 in Sweden. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for essential maternal characteristics. Paternal CVD served as a negative control for assessment of unmeasured genetic and environmental confounding.

Results
Of the 2 597 786 offspring analysed (49.1% female), 26 471 (1.0%) were born to mothers with pre-existing CVD. During a median follow-up of 14 years (range 1–29 years), 17 382 offspring were diagnosed with CVD. Offspring of mothers with CVD had 2.09 times higher adjusted HR of CVD (95% CI 1.83, 2.39) compared with offspring of mothers without CVD. Compared with maternal CVD, paternal CVD showed an association of smaller magnitude (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.32, 1.68). Increased hazards of offspring CVD were also found when stratifying maternal CVD into maternal arrhythmia (HR 2.94, 95% CI 2.41, 3.58), vascular (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.21, 2.10), and structural heart diseases (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.08, 2.02).

Conclusions
Maternal CVD was associated with an increased risk of CVD in offspring during childhood and young adulthood. Paternal comparison suggests that genetic or shared familial factors may not fully explain this association.
Taxonomic and functional metagenomic assessment of a Dolichospermum bloom in a large and deep lake south of the Alps
Authors: Salmaso Nico , Cerasino Leonardo , Pindo Massimo , Boscaini Adriano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Untargeted genetic approaches can be used to explore the high metabolic versatility of cyanobacteria. In this context, a comprehensive metagenomic shotgun analysis was performed on a population of Dolichospermum lemmermannii collected during a surface bloom in Lake Garda in the summer of 2020. Using a phylogenomic approach, the almost complete metagenome-assembled genome obtained from the analysis allowed to clarify the taxonomic position of the species within the genus Dolichospermum and contributed to frame the taxonomy of this genus within the ADA group (Anabaena/Dolichospermum/Aphanizomenon). In addition to common functional traits represented in the central metabolism of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, the genome annotation uncovered some distinctive and adaptive traits that helped define the factors that promote and maintain bloom-forming heterocytous nitrogen-fixing Nostocales in oligotrophic lakes. In addition, genetic clusters were identified that potentially encode several secondary metabolites that were previously unknown in the populations evolving in the southern Alpine Lake district. These included geosmin, anabaenopetins, and other bioactive compounds. The results expanded the knowledge of the distinctive competitive traits that drive algal blooms and provided guidance for more targeted analyses of cyanobacterial metabolites with implications for human health and water resource use.
The midlife health of only children: chronic disease indicators and biomarkers by sibship size in three nationally representative UK cohorts
Authors: Chanfreau Jenny , Keenan Katherine , Barclay Kieron , Goisis Alice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite persistent concerns about only children’s disadvantage relative to individuals with siblings, existing health-related evidence is inconsistent. Recent evidence from Nordic countries about only children having poorer health outcomes may not apply elsewhere because selection processes differ across contexts. We investigate the midlife health of only children in the UK where one-child families tend to be socio-economically advantaged relative to large families.

Methods
Using the 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohort studies, we examine various biomarkers and self-reported measures of chronic disease by sibship size when respondents are aged in their mid-40s, mid-50s and mid-60s. We estimate separate linear probability models for each cohort, age and outcome, adjusting for childhood and early adulthood circumstances.

Results
We found no evidence of only children differing from those with one, two or three or more siblings, at any age, in any of the cohorts, on: heart problems, hypertension, high triglycerides, high glycated haemoglobin or high C-reactive protein. However, compared with only children, the probability for cancer (0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.035; age 46/1970) and poor general health (0.060, CI: 0.015, 0.127; age 55/1958; and 0.110, CI: 0.052, 0.168; age 63/1946) was higher among those with three or more siblings.

Conclusions
There is no consistent pattern of only child health disadvantage for midlife chronic disease outcomes across ages or cohorts in the UK. Research should focus on better understanding how sibship size differentials are contingent on context.