bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of Rearfoot and Forefoot Running
Authors: Knorz Sebastian , Kluge Felix , Gelse Kolja , Schulz-Drost Stefan , Hotfiel Thilo , Lochmann Matthias , Eskofier Björn , Krinner Sebastian 
Published: July 2017

Background: In the running community, a forefoot strike (FFS) pattern is increasingly preferred compared with a rearfoot strike (RFS) pattern. However, it has not been fully understood which strike pattern may better reduce adverse joint forces within the different joints of the lower extremity. Purpose: To analyze the 3-dimensional (3D) stress pattern in the ankle, knee, and hip joint in runners with either a FFS or RFS pattern. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In 22 runners (11 habitual rearfoot strikers, 11 habitual forefoot strikers), RFS and FFS patterns were compared at 3.0 m/s (6.7 mph) on a treadmill with integrated force plates and a 3D motion capture analysis system. This combined analysis allowed characterization of the 3D biomechanical forces differentiated for the ankle, knee, and hip joint. The maximum peak force (MPF) and maximum loading rate (LR) were determined in their 3 ordinal components: vertical, anterior-posterior (AP), and medial-lateral (ML). Results: For both strike patterns, the vertical components of the MPF and LR were significantly greater than their AP or ML components. In the vertical axis, FFS was generally associated with a greater MPF but significantly lower LR in all 3 joints. The AP components of MPF and LR were significantly lower for FFS in the knee joint but significantly greater in the ankle and hip joints. The ML components of MPF and LR tended to be greater for FFS but mostly did not reach a level of significance. Conclusion: FFS and RFS were associated with different 3D stress patterns in the ankle, knee, and hip joint, although there was no global advantage of one strike pattern over the other. The multimodal individual assessment for the different anatomic regions demonstrated that FFS seems favorable for patients with unstable knee joints in the AP axis and RFS may be recommended for runners with unstable ankle joints. Clinical Relevance: Different strike patterns show different 3D stress in joints of the lower extremity. Due to either rehabilitation after injuries or training in running sports, rearfoot or forefoot running should be preferred to prevent further damage or injuries caused by inadequate biomechanical load. Runners with a history of knee joint injuries may benefit from FFS whereas RFS may be favorable for runners with a history of ankle joint injuries.
The genome of the cotton bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1
Authors: Showmaker Kurt C. , Arick Mark A. , Hsu Chuan-Yu , Martin Brigitte E. , Wang Xiaoqiang , Jia Jiayuan , Wubben Martin J. , Nichols Robert L. , Allen Tom W. , Peterson Daniel G. , Lu Shi-En 
Published: July 2017

AbstractXanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum is a major pathogen of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.. In this study we report the complete genome of the X. citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1 assembled from long read DNA sequencing technology. The MSCT1 genome is the first X. citri pv. malvacearum genome with complete coding regions for X. citri pv. malvacearum transcriptional activator-like effectors. In addition functional and structural annotations are presented in this study that will provide a foundation for future pathogenesis studies with MSCT1.
Chronic wound treatment in elderly and geriatric patients
Authors: Waldhausen P. , Hermanns H.-J. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn Germany, there has been a continuous increase in life expectancy for more than 135 years. The number of people aged 80 years and over will triple until 2050. Chronic wounds in different aetiologies will increase in our ageing population, with a parallel growth in numbers of comorbidities and geriatric syndromes. Beside vascular difficulties of wound healing and physiological changes in skin conditions among the elderly, we are challenged by the treatment of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases (Polyneuropathy), the decrease of mobility and the increase of joint troubles, as well as cognitive, emotional and motoric deficits and even dementia. On the basis of the expected progress in age, we have selectively analysed our patients from the age of 80 up to the age of 100 years with chronic wounds, leg and foot ulcers, treated in a specialised wound care centre. Further, we performed a statistical evaluation for the geriatric medical department with focus on geriatric patients with additional wound-healing problems.
Diabetic foot syndrome in elderly patients
Authors: Eckert S. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and mild deterioration of the lower extremities, peripheral artery disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy may contribute to the development of a diabetic foot syndrome. Early diagnosis and intervention can help to preserve the foot and thus significantly increase quality of life with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures being the same in elderly and in young patients.Non-invasive diagnosis is possible in most bed-ridden patients and should take into account reasonable therapeutic options against the background of overall morbidity, physical performance and quality of life, which should be discussed with the patient and his relatives. Multidisciplinary care structures facilitate treatment and might lead to reduced amputation rates and an improved well-being.
“Blaming, shaming, humiliation”: Stigmatising medical interactions among people with non-epileptic seizures
Authors: Robson Catherine , Lian Olaug S. 
Published: July 2017

Background: People with non-epileptic seizures (NES) describe difficult and challenging relationships with health professionals, and explain negative interactions as common and expected. Despite these difficulties, little is known about how people with NES experience healthcare encounters.Methods: Using a thematic discourse analysis approach, we analysed the free-text survey responses of 135 people with NES and asked: what kind of challenges do people living with this condition encounter when interacting with health professionals, and how do they experience the consequences of difficult interactions? We explore their experiences by interpreting the latent meaning of participants’ texts from a social-constructionist perspective on health and illness.Results: The overarching narrative depicts a fundamental breakdown in patient-provider relationships. According to our data, the negative experiences of study participants emerge from more than practitioners’ lack of awareness of NES and access to information about the condition - to the extent that it is available. In examining the challenges people with NES encounter when interacting with health professionals, their main experiences centre on blame and humiliation. When exploring their experiences, theories of stigma serve as a useful theoretical framework.Conclusions: Normative judgements arising from psychogenic understandings of NES are stigmatising and restrict professional displays of respectful (patient-centred) care.Those with the condition depict being negatively stereotyped, illegitimated and held morally culpable by health professionals. Perceived to lack medical, moral and credible status, participants describe practitioners who treat them with disrespect, and they recount conduct that defies ethical and professional obligations and standards. These encounters can have wide-ranging adverse consequences for patients: emotionally, physically, and for their future healthcare. The quality of healthcare interactions for people with NES requires urgent improvements. In addition to increased awareness of the condition, practitioners need to be conscious of making and acting on adverse moral appraisals when interacting with this patient group.
Effectiveness of EFQM Model Implementation: a survey on Iranian automotive after sale services companies
Authors: Sharifi Moghaddam Behrouz , Rashidzadeh Davan Abrisham , Musakhani Morteza , Gholamzadeh Daryush 
Published: July 2017

It is nearly a decade that Iranian companies attempt to obtain European foundation for quality management (EFQM) organizational excellence award with guidance of public sector, spending enormous financial cost and utilization of human resources. Authors experiences an expert or consultant in implementing this pattern in several companies is motivated them to perform a research about effectiveness of EFQM pattern in Iranian companies.In this regard, automotive after-sales services companies that engaged in achieving EFQM award have been chosen as the study population. To evaluate effectiveness of this pattern, several dimensions of organization based on research literature, patterns and theories translated to operational and measurable indicators. Questionnaires were completed by a sample of employees and managers, were used for data collection. Research hypotheses were tested by comparison of coupled mean before and after implementation of EFQM model. Results suggest that the effectiveness of EFQM model implementation in Iranian companies, is very low and only in some dimensions.
Towards freedom and social awareness: Hopeful narratives and performatives in American theatre and literature
Authors: Lacko Ivan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper addresses the complexity of social issues in contemporary American society through the prism of its reflection in theatre and literature. The characteristic features of American narratives and performatives are freedom and an almost utopian belief in diversity and social understanding. At the same time, the discussed works present a comprehensive look at social issues using a great variety of forms and genres, and appealing to the aesthetic sensitivity of different groups of recipients. In the face of future problems in the political arena, American art offers an interesting transatlantic perspective on the complexity of 21st-century issues which are relevant all over the world.
Protected values and the meaning of life in Marilynne Robinson’s novel Gilead
Authors: Hricková Mária 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper examines the protected values in Marilynne Robinson’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel Gilead (2004). The aim of the study is to show the significance of three major values, namely faith, family and education. It also attempts to suggest how complexly these values interrelate and eventually represent the central tenets of the life worth living.
Upper Homerian (Silurian) high-resolution correlation using cyclostratigraphy: an example from western Lithuania
Authors: Radzevičius Sigitas , Tumakovaitė Brigita , Spiridonov Andrej 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Gėluva regional stage stratigraphically corresponds to the late Wenlock. This time interval witnessed significant graptolite extinctions and turnovers of conodont faunas, as well as a large positive Mulde carbon isotopic excursion. Thus, the development of a detailed stratigraphy is a necessary step in understanding the complex patterns of regional and global variations in the sediments accumulating during the time interval studied. Therefore, in this contribution we present a cyclostratigraphic analysis of gamma ray (GR) logs from four wells, which are located in the deep water facies belt of the Lithuanian part of the Silurian Baltic Basin of the Gėluva regional stage. The analysis was performed using REDFIT spectral estimation, continuous wavelet transform and signal filtering techniques. As a result two 4thorder and five 5thorder cycles were distinguished and named in all sections. The correlation of cycles between sections was calibrated with the graptolite biozones. The comparative analysis revealed that intra-basinal cyclostratigraphic correlation could achieve resolution of the order of several tens of thousands of years.
A unique fossil record from neptunian sills: the world’s most extreme example of stratigraphic condensation (Jurassic, western Sicily)
Authors: Wendt Jobst 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeptunian sills at Rocca Busambra, a fragment of the Trapanese/Saccense Domain in western Sicily, host the most abundant ammonite and gastropod fauna which has ever been recorded from the Jurassic of the western Tethys. The fauna is dominated by parautochthonous organisms which were swept into the sills by gentle transport. Ammonites are characterized by perfect preservation and small size, a feature which is due to the predominance of microconchs but also of stunting. The most complete sill is 0.7 m thick and could be separated into 17 levels which range in age from the early Toarcian into the late Kimmeridgian, thus representing the most extreme case of palaeontologically and depositionally documented stratigraphic condensation in Earth history. The unique feature of the Rocca Busambra sills is due to the interaction of three processes: extreme stratigraphic condensation on the sea floor, weak tectonic fracturing of the host rock and repeated reopening on top of already existing sills. Contrasting percentages of gastropods in individual levels reflect sea-level oscillations which correspond to long known low- and highstands during the Jurassic of the western Tethys. Comparisons with other ammonite-bearing sill faunas reveal several similarities, but represent only short-timed phases of tectonic pulses and deposition.
Analysis of Thermal Stresses and Strains Developing during the Heat Treatment of Windmill Shaft
Authors: Cebo-Rudnicka A. , Malinowski Z. , Telejko T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the paper the results of evaluation of the temperature and stress fields during four cycles of the heat treatment process of the windmill shaft has been presented. The temperature field has been calculated from the solution to the heat conduction equation over the whole heat treatment cycles of the windmill shaft. To calculate the stress field an incremental method has been used. The relations between stresses and strains have been described by Prandtl-Reuss equation for the elastic-plastic body. In order to determine the changes in the temperature and stress fields during heat treatment of the windmill shaft self-developed software utilizing the Finite Element Method has been used. This software can also be used to calculate temperature changes and stress field in ingots and other axially symmetric products. In the mathematical model of heating and cooling of the shaft maximum values of the strains have been determined, which allowed to avoid the crack formation. The critical values of strains have been determined by using modified Rice and Tracy criterion.
The Influence of the Angle of the Working Part of the Die on the High Speed Drawing Process of Low Carbon Steel Wires
Authors: Suliga M. , Wartacz R. , Michalczyk J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper contains the theoretical and experimental analysis of the impact of the drawing angle on the drawing process and the properties of low carbon steel wires. A multi-stage drawing wire rod with a diameter of 5.5 mm on a wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm has been carried out in two stages. The first one consisted of preliminary drawing wire rod for the wire with a diameter of 2.2 mm which was next subjected to the drawing process at a speed of 25 m/sec at the final wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm. The wires were drawn in conventional dies with drawing angle α = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 degrees.
For the wires drawn in respective variants, the investigation of the mechanical properties was performed and the amount of lubricant on the surface of steel wires was determined. Numerical analysis of the process of drawing in the Drawing 2D complemented the experimental studies.
It has been shown that when drawing at high speeds, properly chosen the value of the angle of the working part of the die can improve the lubrication conditions and mechanical properties of steel wires.
Physical Modeling of Plastic Working Conditions for Rods of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Dyja H. , Tussupkaliyeva E. , Bajor T. , Laber K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe continuing high level of demand for lightweight structural materials is the reason for the ever-growing interest in aluminum alloys. The main areas of application for aluminum alloys products are the aerospace and automotive industries. Production of profiles and structural elements from lightweight alloys gives possibility to reduce the curb weight of construction, which directly translates into among other reduction of fuel consumption and lower amount of generated exhaust gas.Determination of heat treatment and plastic working parameters to obtain the required mechanical properties of the manufactured products is a complex process that requires among others knowledge of the material behavior during the deformation process. To carry out the study the torsion plastometer STD 812 was used. On the basis of obtained results of the research the value of the yield stress, formability limit and the thermal effect of the deformed 7xxx series aluminum alloy were specified for different schemes and conditions of deformation.
Electrical and Thermal Properties of Na1–xLixNbO3 (x = 0.08, 0.1 and 0.2) Ceramics Near the Morphotropic Phase Boundary Region
Authors: Konieczny K. , Czaja P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNa1-xLixNbO3ceramics (for x = 0.08, 0.1, 0.2) were fabricated by the conventional solid state reaction method. The influence of LiNbO3on the microstructure, electric, thermal properties of Na1-xLixNbO3ceramics was studied and a significant influence of doped Li ions on the electrical properties was observed. The electrical properties were improved and are described as the best for x = 0.1 (near a morphotropic phase boundary) Na1–xLixNbO3solid solutions. After crossing the morphotropic phase boundary for x = 0.2, the electric properties are getting worse. These types of solid compounds show some interesting properties suitable for practical applications.
Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Magnesium Alloys by Quantitative Fractography Methods
Authors: Sozańska M. , Mościcki A. , Chmiela B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article shows that the use of quantitative fracture description may lead to significant progress in research on the phenomenon of stress corrosion cracking of the WE43 magnesium alloy. Tests were carried out on samples in air, and after hydrogenation in 0.1 M Na2SO4 with cathodic polarization. Fracture surfaces were analyzed after different variants of the Slow Strain Rate Test. It was demonstrated that the parameters for quantitative evaluation of fracture surface microcracks can be closely linked with the susceptibility of the WE43 magnesium alloy operating under complex state of the mechanical load in corrosive environments. The final result of the study was the determination of the quantitative relationship between Slow Strain Rate Test parameters, the mechanical properties, and the parameters of the quantitative evaluation of fracture surface (microcracks).
Digital Material Representation Model of Porous Microstructure Based on 3D Reconstruction Algorithm
Authors: Madej Ł. , Mojżeszko M. , Chrapoński J. , Roskosz S. , Cwajna J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDevelopment of the Digital Material Representation (DMR) model, based on 3D reconstruction algorithm and serial sectioning, is the main goal of the present paper. Details on the serial sectioning and image processing algorithms are presented first. Serial sectioning is realized on the basis of light microscopy (LM). Then concept of 3D reconstruction and developed algorithms are presented. Two approaches, based on shape coefficients and the flood fill algorithms, are developed to identify corresponding features on subsequent 2D images. Then, the interpolation algorithm to reconstruct 3D volume between 2D images is presented. Finally, obtained 3D model is an input for finite element mesh generation software for subsequent finite element calculations.
Metallographic Study and Repeatability Analysis of γ' Phase Precipitates in Cored, Thin-Walled Castings Made from IN713C Superalloy
Authors: Szczotok A. , Pietraszek J. , Radek N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe study describes the influence of a surface modification in cored, thin-walled castings of blades from IN-713C nickel superalloy onγ'phase precipitates. The blades were produced by using the investment casting process in the laboratory conditions as parts for a low-pressure turbine rotor. The microstructural observations of theγ'phase precipitates on the cross sections of the blades were performed. The observations were followed by quantitative metallography evaluation, and finally, a comparison of the precipitates between one blade with the conventionally applied ceramic core and one with the core covered layer contained a surface modifier (5% of CoAl2O4) was made.
The Multicomponent PZT-type Ceramics for Micromechatronic Applications
Authors: Bochenek D. , Niemiec P. , Adamczyk M. , Skulski R. , Zachariasz R. , Wodecka-Duś B. , Machnik Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the paper two compositions of the multi-component PZT-type ceramics admixtures by Mn4+, Sb3+, W6+, Ni2+were presented. The ceramic powders were synthesized by the calcination of powders while their densification was carried out by free sintering method. The dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric studies and DC electrical conductivity of the multicomponent PZT-type samples were presented. The results of the multi-component ceramics predispose these type materials in micromechatronic and microelectronic applications for example as element of the actuators.
Statistical Assessment of the Microstructure of Barite Aggregate from Different Deposits Using X-Ray Microtomography and Optical Microscopy
Authors: Żołek N. , Ranachowski Z. , Ranachowski P. , Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. , Kudela S. , Dvorak T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo different barite ore (barium sulfate BaSO4) specimens from different localizations were tested and described in this paper. Analysis of the microstructure was performed on polished sections, and on thin sections using X-ray microtomography (micro-CT), and optical microscopy (MO). Microtomography allowed obtaining three-dimensional images of the barite aggregate specimens. In the tomograms, the spatial distribution of the other polluting phases, empty space as well as cracks, pores, and voids – that exceeded ten micrometers of diameter-were possible to visualize. Also, the micro-CT allowed distinguishing between minerals of different density, like SiO2and BaSO4. Images obtained and analyzed on thin sections with various methods using the optical microscopy in transmitted light delivered additional information on the aggregate microstructure, i.e. allow for estimation of the different kinds of inclusions (like the different density of the minerals) in the investigated specimens. Above methods, which were used in the tests, completed each another in order to supply a set of information on inclusions’ distribution and to present the important differences of the barite aggregate specimens microstructure.
Corrosion Resistance of Some Stainless Steels in Chloride Solutions
Authors: Kasprzyk D. , Stypuła B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present work compares corrosion behaviour of four types of S30403, S31603, S32615 austenitic and S32404 austenitic-ferritic stainless steels in chloride solutions (1%, 3% NaCl) and in Ringer solution, at 37°C temperature. Corrosion resistance was determined by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and a thirty day immersion test conducted in Ringer solution. The immersion test was performed in term of biomedical application. These alloy were spontaneously passivated in all electrolytes, wherein S30403, S31603 and S32404 undergo pitting corrosion. Only S32615 containing 5.5% Si shows resistance to pitting corrosion.