bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of excitation power on voltage induced local magnetization dynamics in an ultrathin CoFeB film
Authors: Rana Bivas , Fukuma Yasuhiro , Miura Katsuya , Takahashi Hiromasa , Otani YoshiChika 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVoltage or electric field induced magnetization dynamics promises low power spintronics devices. For successful operation of some spintronics devices such as magnetic oscillators and magnetization switching devices a clear understanding of nonlinear magnetization dynamics is required. Here, we report a detailed experimental and micromagnetic simulation study about the effect of excitation power on voltage induced local magnetization dynamics in an ultrathin CoFeB film. Experimental results show that the resonance line-width and frequency remains constant, whereas cone angle of the magnetization precession increases linearly with square-root of excitation power below threshold value, known as linear excitation regime. Above threshold power, the dynamics enters into nonlinear regime where resonance line-width monotonically increases and resonance frequency monotonically decreases with increasing excitation power. Simulation results reveal that a strong nonlinear and incoherent magnetization dynamics are observed in our experiment above the threshold power which reduces dynamic magnetic signal by suppressing large cone angle of magnetization precession. Moreover, a significant transfer of spin angular momentum from uniform FMR mode to its degenerate spin waves outside of excitation area further restrict the cone angle of precession within only few degrees in our device. Our results will be very useful to develop all-voltage-controlled spintronics devices.
Fluorescent RNA cytosine analogue – an internal probe for detailed structure and dynamics investigations
Authors: Füchtbauer Anders Foller , Preus Søren , Börjesson Karl , McPhee Scott A. , Lilley David M. J. , Wilhelmsson L. Marcus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe bright fluorescent cytosine analogue tCO stands out among fluorescent bases due to its virtually unquenched fluorescence emission in duplex DNA. However, like most reported base analogues, it has not been thoroughly characterized in RNA. We here report on the first synthesis and RNA-incorporation of tCO, and characterize its base-mimicking and fluorescence properties in RNA. As in DNA, we find a high quantum yield inside RNA duplexes (<ΦF> = 0.22) that is virtually unaffected by the neighbouring bases (ΦF = 0.20–0.25), resulting in an average brightness of 1900 M−1 cm−1. The average fluorescence lifetime in RNA duplexes is 4.3 ns and generally two lifetimes are required to fit the exponential decays. Fluorescence properties in ssRNA are defined by a small increase in average quantum yield (<ΦF > = 0.24) compared to dsRNA, with a broader distribution (ΦF = 0.17–0.34) and slightly shorter average lifetimes. Using circular dichroism, we find that the tCO-modified RNA duplexes form regular A-form helices and in UV-melting experiments the stability of the duplexes is only slightly higher than that of the corresponding natural RNA (<ΔTm> = + 2.3 °C). These properties make tCO a highly interesting fluorescent RNA base analogue for detailed FRET-based structural measurements, as a bright internal label in microscopy, and for fluorescence anisotropy measurements of RNA dynamics.
A soluble starch synthase I gene, IbSSI, alters the content, composition, granule size and structure of starch in transgenic sweet potato
Authors: Wang Yannan , Li Yan , Zhang Huan , Zhai Hong , Liu Qingchang , He Shaozhen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSoluble starch synthase I (SSI) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of plant amylopectin. In this study, the gene named IbSSI, was cloned from sweet potato, an important starch crop. A high expression level of IbSSI was detected in the leaves and storage roots of the sweet potato. Its overexpression significantly increased the content and granule size of starch and the proportion of amylopectin by up-regulating starch biosynthetic genes in the transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants (WT) and RNA interference plants. The frequency of chains with degree of polymerization (DP) 5–8 decreased in the amylopectin fraction of starch, whereas the proportion of chains with DP 9–25 increased in the IbSSI-overexpressing plants compared with WT plants. Further analysis demonstrated that IbSSI was responsible for the synthesis of chains with DP ranging from 9 to 17, which represents a different chain length spectrum in vivo from its counterparts in rice and wheat. These findings suggest that the IbSSI gene plays important roles in determining the content, composition, granule size and structure of starch in sweet potato. This gene may be utilized to improve the content and quality of starch in sweet potato and other plants.
Recalcitrant carbon components in glomalin-related soil protein facilitate soil organic carbon preservation in tropical forests
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tang Xuli , Zhong Siyuan , Yin Guangcai , Gao Yifei , He Xinhua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGlomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is known as an important microbial by-product which is crucial for preserving or accumulating soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the chemical structures of GRSP and its relationship with SOC using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in three tropical forests. The three forests, including a planted forest (PF), a secondary forest (MF) and a primary forest (BF), were selected to represent the natural successional process after disturbance in southern China. Results showed that the average concentrations of GRSP were (3.94 ± 1.09) mg cm−3 and accounting for (3.38 ± 1.15)% of the SOC in the top 10 cm soil. NMR analysis indicated rich aromatic C (~30%) and carboxyl C (~40%) in GRSP, and abundant alkyl C (~30%) and O-alkyl C (~50%) in SOC. The recalcitrance indexes (RI), as defined as the ratio of sum of alkyl C and aromatic C over sum of O-alkyl C and carboxyl C, was (98.6 ± 18.9)%, (145.5 ± 10.9)% and (20.7 ± 0.3)% in GRSP higher than that in SOC in the PF, MF and BF, respectively. This study demonstrated that the stubborn structure of GRSP probably regulate the resistance of SOC sequestration in tropical forests, especially in the planted and secondary forests.
Development and validation of a high throughput whole blood thrombolysis plate assay
Authors: Bonnard T. , Law L. S. , Tennant Z. , Hagemeyer C. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe objective of this work was to develop a high throughput assay for testing in vitro the thrombolytic activity using citrated whole blood samples, and to overcome the limitations of currently available techniques. We successfully developed a method that involves forming halo shaped, tissue factor induced, whole blood clots in 96 well plates, and then precisely measuring the thrombolysis process with a spectrophotometer plate reader. We here describe the implementation of this novel method, which we refer to as halo assay, and its validation with plasmin, urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator at different doses. The resulting data is a highly detailed thrombolysis profile, allowing comparison of different fibrinolytic agents. The time point analysis allows kinetic data to be collected and calculated to determine key parameters such as the activation time and the rate of fibrinolysis. We also assessed the capacity of the model to study the effect of clot maturation time on the fibrinolytic rate, an aspect of thrombosis rather unexplored with currently available methods, but of increasing importance in drug development. This novel thrombolysis assay could be an extremely useful research tool; to study the complex process of thrombolysis, and a valuable translational clinical tool; as a screening device to rapidly identify hypo- or hyper-fibrinolysis.
High visibility first-order subwavelength interference based on light pulse storage via electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Li Zhixiang , Liu Jianji , Fan Hongming , Liu Jiachen , Zhang Guoquan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe achieved high visibility first-order subwavelength interference based on light pulse storage and retrieval technique via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. The interference field distribution of a double-slit was first stored in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal based on EIT effect, and then it was read out by a spatially modulated readout beam. The retrieved output field is proportional to the product of the input interference field of the double-slit and the spatially modulated readout field. High visibility first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/n, where λ is the wavelength of the input light field and n is any positive integer, can be obtained by designing the spatial modulation structure of the readout field. Experimentally, first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/3 and a visibility of 67% were demonstrated. Such first-order subwavelength interference has important applications on high resolution optical lithography.
Peripherin-2 and Rom-1 have opposing effects on rod outer segment targeting of retinitis pigmentosa-linked peripherin-2 mutants
Authors: Böhm Sybille , Riedmayr Lisa M. , Nguyen O. N. Phuong , Gießl Andreas , Liebscher Toni , Butz Elisabeth S. , Schön Christian , Michalakis Stylianos , Wahl-Schott Christian , Biel Martin , Becirovic Elvir 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMutations in the photoreceptor outer segment (OS) specific peripherin-2 lead to autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). By contrast, mutations in the peripherin-2 homolog Rom-1 cause digenic RP in combination with certain heterozygous mutations in peripherin-2. The mechanisms underlying the differential role of peripherin-2 and Rom-1 in RP pathophysiology remained elusive so far. Here, focusing on two adRP-linked peripherin-2 mutants, P210L and C214S, we analyzed the binding characteristics, protein assembly, and rod OS targeting of wild type (perWT), mutant peripherin-2 (perMT), or Rom-1 complexes, which can be formed in patients heterozygous for peripherin-2 mutations. Both mutants are misfolded and lead to decreased binding to perWT and Rom-1. Furthermore, both mutants are preferentially forming non-covalent perMT-perMT, perWT-perMT, and Rom-1-perMT dimers. However, only perWT-perMT, but not perMT-perMT or Rom-1-perMT complexes could be targeted to murine rod OS. Our study provides first evidence that non-covalent perWT-perMT dimers can be targeted to rod OS. Finally, our study unravels unexpected opposing roles of perWT and Rom-1 in rod OS targeting of adRP-linked peripherin-2 mutants and suggests a new treatment strategy for the affected individuals.
Optogenetic excitation of cholinergic inputs to hippocampus primes future contextual fear associations
Authors: Hersman Sarah , Cushman Jesse , Lemelson Noah , Wassum Kate , Lotfipour Shahrdad , Fanselow Michael S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLearning about context is essential for appropriate behavioral strategies, but important contingencies may not arise during initial learning. A variant of contextual fear conditioning, context pre-exposure facilitation, allows us to directly test the relationship between novelty-induced acetylcholine release and later contextual associability. We demonstrate that optogenetically-enhanced acetylcholine during initial contextual exploration leads to stronger fear after subsequent pairing with shock, suggesting that novelty-induced acetylcholine release primes future contextual associations.
Colonic infusions of short-chain fatty acid mixtures promote energy metabolism in overweight/obese men: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Canfora Emanuel E. , van der Beek Christina M. , Jocken Johan W. E. , Goossens Gijs H. , Holst Jens J. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Lenaerts Kaatje , Dejong Cornelis H. C. , Blaak Ellen E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractShort-chain fatty acids (SCFA), formed by microbial fermentation, are believed to be involved in the aetiology of obesity and diabetes. This study investigated the effects of colonic administration of physiologically relevant SCFA mixtures on human substrate and energy metabolism. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, twelve normoglycaemic men (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) underwent four investigational days, during which SCFA mixtures (200 mmol/L) high in either acetate (HA), propionate (HP), butyrate (HB) or placebo (PLA) were rectally administered during fasting and postprandial conditions (oral glucose load). Before and for two hours after colonic infusions, indirect calorimetry was performed and blood samples were collected. All three SCFA mixtures increased fasting fat oxidation (P < 0.01), whilst resting energy expenditure increased after HA and HP compared with PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, all three SCFA mixtures increased fasting and postprandial plasma peptide YY (PYY) concentrations, and attenuated fasting free glycerol concentrations versus PLA (P < 0.05). Colonic infusions of SCFA mixtures, in concentrations and ratios reached after fibre intake, increased fat oxidation, energy expenditure and PYY, and decreased lipolysis in overweight/obese men. Human intervention studies are warranted to investigate whether these effects translate into long-term benefits for body weight control and insulin sensitivity in the obese insulin resistant state.
The role of retinol dehydrogenase 10 in the cone visual cycle
Authors: Xue Yunlu , Sato Shinya , Razafsky David , Sahu Bhubanananda , Shen Susan Q. , Potter Chloe , Sandell Lisa L. , Corbo Joseph C. , Palczewski Krzysztof , Maeda Akiko , Hodzic Didier , Kefalov Vladimir J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPigment regeneration is critical for the function of cone photoreceptors in bright and rapidly-changing light conditions. This process is facilitated by the recently-characterized retina visual cycle, in which Müller cells recycle spent all-trans-retinol visual chromophore back to 11-cis-retinol. This 11-cis-retinol is oxidized selectively in cones to the 11-cis-retinal used for pigment regeneration. However, the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), upregulated in rod/cone hybrid retinas and expressed abundantly in Müller cells, is the enzyme that drives this reaction. We created mice lacking RDH10 either in cone photoreceptors, Müller cells, or the entire retina. In vivo electroretinography and transretinal recordings revealed normal cone photoresponses in all RDH10-deficient mouse lines. Notably, their cone-driven dark adaptation both in vivo and in isolated retina was unaffected, indicating that RDH10 is not required for the function of the retina visual cycle. We also generated transgenic mice expressing RDH10 ectopically in rod cells. However, rod dark adaptation was unaffected by the expression of RDH10 and transgenic rods were unable to use cis-retinol for pigment regeneration. We conclude that RDH10 is not the dominant retina 11-cis-RDH, leaving its primary function in the retina unknown.
Temporal dynamics of TMS interference over preparatory alpha activity during semantic decisions
Authors: Spadone Sara , Sestieri Carlo , Baldassarre Antonello , Capotosto Paolo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe mean amplitude of the EEG alpha (8–12 Hz) power de-synchronization (ERD) is a robust electrophysiological correlate of task anticipation. Furthermore, in paradigms using a fixed period between warning and target stimuli, such alpha de-synchronization tends to increase and to peak just before target presentation. Previous studies from our group showed that the anticipatory alpha ERD can be modulated when magnetic stimulation is delivered over specific cortical regions during a variety of cognitive tasks. In this study we investigate the temporal dynamics of the anticipatory alpha ERD and test whether the magnetic stimulation produces either a general attenuation or an interruption of the typical development of alpha ERD. We report that, during a semantic decision task, rTMS over left AG, a region previously associated to semantic memory retrieval, shortened the peak latency and decreased the peak amplitude of the anticipatory alpha de-synchronization as compared to both active (left IPS) and non-active (Sham) TMS conditions. These results, while supporting the causal role of the left AG in the anticipation of a semantic decision task, suggest that magnetic interference not simply reduces the mean amplitude of anticipatory alpha ERD but also interrupts its typical temporal evolution in paradigms employing fixed cue-target intervals.
A Second Mortuary Hiatus on Lake Baikal in Siberia and the Arrival of Small-Scale Pastoralism
Authors: Losey Robert J. , Waters-Rist Andrea L. , Nomokonova Tatiana , Kharinskii Artur A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe spread of pastoralism in Asia is poorly understood, including how such processes affected northern forager populations. Lake Baikal’s western shore has a rich Holocene archaeological record that tracks these processes. The Early Bronze Age here is evidenced by numerous forager burials. The Early Iron Age (EIA) is thought to mark the arrival of pastoralists, but archaeological remains from this period have received little analysis. New radiocarbon dates for EIA human remains from 23 cemeteries indicate that no burials were created along this shore for ~900 years. This period, from ~3670 to 2760 cal. BP, spans from the end of the Early Bronze Age to the advent of the EIA. The burial gap may mark disruption of local foraging populations through incursions by non-local pastoralists. Radiocarbon dates on faunal remains indicate that domestic herd animals first appear around 3275 cal. BP, just prior to the first EIA human burials. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human remains and zooarchaeological data indicate that domestic fauna were minor dietary components for EIA people. Like preceding foragers, the EIA groups relied extensively on Baikal’s aquatic food sources, indicating that the scale of pastoralism during this period was relatively limited.
Salmonella produce microRNA-like RNA fragment Sal-1 in the infected cells to facilitate intracellular survival
Authors: Gu Hongwei , Zhao Chihao , Zhang Tianfu , Liang Hongwei , Wang Xiao-Ming , Pan Yi , Chen Xi , Zhao Quan , Li Donghai , Liu Fenyong , Zhang Chen-Yu , Zen Ke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSalmonella have developed a sophisticated machinery to evade immune clearance and promote survival in the infected cells. Previous studies were mostly focused on either bacteria itself or host cells, the interaction mechanism of host-pathogen awaits further exploration. In the present study, we show that Salmonella can exploit mammalian cell non-classical microRNA processing machinery to further process bacterial small non-coding RNAs into microRNA-like fragments. Sal-1, one such fragment with the highest copy number in the infected cells, is derived from Salmonella 5′-leader of the ribosomal RNA transcript and has a ‘stem’ structure-containing precursor. Processing of Sal-1 precursors to mature Sal-1 is dependent on host cell Argonaute 2 (AGO2) but not Dicer. Functionally, depleting cellular Sal-1 strongly renders the Salmonella bacteria less resistant to the host defenses both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel strategy for Salmonella evading the host immune clearance, in which Salmonella produce microRNA-like functional RNA fragments to establish a microenvironment facilitating bacterial survival.
Effective n-type F-doped MoSe2 monolayers
Authors: Zhao Xu , Zhang Xiaonan , Wang Tianxing , Wei Shuyi , Yang Lin 
Published: May 2017

Using a first-principles method, based on the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP), we have studied the electronic structure, formation energy and transition level of a MoSe2 monolayer doped with V and VII atoms.
Effect of Electrode Montage and Head Position on Air-Conducted Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential
Authors: Makowiec Kathryn , McCaslin Devin L. , Jacobson Gary P. , Hatton Kelsey , Lee John 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to identify the optimal recording parameters for evoking the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) using air-conduction stimuli.

Method

Subjects were 17 otologically and neurologically intact adults (age:
M
= 24.18 years,
SD
= 1.91 years). The oVEMP responses were elicited using a 500-Hz tone burst air-conduction stimulus presented at an intensity of 95 dB nHL. The setting was a balance function laboratory that was part of a large tertiary care otology clinic.

Results
The oVEMP electrode montage and body position that yielded the largest oVEMP amplitude was the belly-tendon montage (Sandhu, George, & Rea, 2013), recorded with the subject in the sitting position. The N1 latency recorded with the belly-tendon montage was significantly shorter than that recorded for the infraorbital montage in both the sitting and supine positions.

Conclusion
The belly-tendon recording montage with the subject sitting yields significantly larger oVEMP amplitudes and shorter N1 latencies than do traditional bipolar infraorbital recordings.
Wideband excitation technology of substrate integrated waveguide TE30 mode and its antenna application
Authors: Sun Lubing , Zhang Yongsong , Cai Yang , Qian Zuping 
Published: May 2017

An excitation technology of TE30 mode in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and its application for designing a compact Yagi–Uda antenna array is proposed. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure is adopted as the input and two slots of CPW are further extended in the SIW along the third lines in the longitudinal direction to convert the electromagnetic field pattern between the slot and SIW. Therefore, TE30 mode is successfully excited. A Yagi–Uda antenna array fed by the SIW operating at TE30 mode is fabricated and measured. A broad impedance bandwidth of 46% (|S11| < −10 dB) ranging from 7.8 to 12.4 GHz is achieved with obtaining a maximum gain of 8.5 dBi. Compared with the traditional SIW antenna array based on TE10 mode, the higher mode excitation technology not only simplifies the feeding network but also reduces the difficulty of processing.
Solvothermal synthesis of sub‐200 nm Fe3O4 submicrospheres with enhanced catalytic performances by using acicular goethite as solid precursor
Authors: Chen Wu , Xiong Leisha , Chen Fengxi 
Published: May 2017

A facile and low‐cost chemical method is still in need to make Fe3O4 submicrospheres with the size below 200 nm. In this study, Fe3O4 submicrospheres of ca. 173 nm with soft‐magnetic properties were made by conversion of goethite under solvothermal conditions, and exhibited the good catalytic activity and reusability for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde with H2O2 in water (yield: 43.5–46.2% after being recycled seven times).