bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features, management, and complications of paediatric button battery ingestions in Canada: an active surveillance study using surveys of Canadian paediatricians and paediatric subspecialists
Authors: Hudson Alexandra S , Carroll Matthew W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Button battery ingestions pose a serious threat to paediatric health and are on the rise worldwide. Little is known about Canadian data. This study described the type of button battery ingestions Canadian paediatric physicians have observed, including treatment and complications.

Methods
A Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) survey was sent to paediatricians and paediatric subspecialists. The questions were developed through a literature review and consultation with 19 CPSP members, before piloting with 5 paediatric physicians. Descriptive analyses were conducted.

Results
The response rate was 39% (n = 1067/2716). Few were aware of treatment options with honey (n = 189/1067, 18%) and sucralfate (n = 118/1067, 11%). Two hundred and ninety-nine physicians (28%) had been involved in a case in the past 1 year (n = 132 case details). Children &lt; 3 years were most affected (n = 67/132, 51%). In unwitnessed ingestions (n = 41/132, 31%), the most common symptoms were dysphagia (n = 14/41, 34%) and coughing (n = 10/41, 24%). When it was known where the child found the battery, it was most commonly loose in the environment (n = 34/132, 26%). Seventy per cent of patients (n = 92/132) presented within 6 h following the ingestion. Six per cent (n = 8/132) reported the battery eroding into important adjacent structures (eg, aorta and trachea).

Interpretation
A high degree of suspicion for button battery ingestion is needed in young children presenting with dysphagia and coughing. Prevention efforts should be aimed at battery disposal and security. There is a need for dissemination of guidelines to physicians caring for paediatric patients, since modifiable patient factors, such as honey and/or sucralfate administration while awaiting definitive treatment, can improve outcomes.
Do diet and Fumagillin treatment impact Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp. (Microspora: Nosematidae) infections in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and improve survival and growth of colonies overwintered in cold storage?
Authors: DeGrandi-Hoffman Gloria , Corby-Harris Vanessa , Graham Henry , Chambers Mona , Watkins deJong Emily , Snyder Lucy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vairimorpha (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) is a microsporidian that infects honey bees especially in winter. Fumagillin can reduce infections, but whether overwintering survival is improved is unclear. The diet also may influence the severity of Nosema infections. We examined the relationship between Nosema and colony size and survival in hives overwintered in cold storage facilities. In year 1, no Fumagillin treatments were applied. Colony size and survival after cold storage and almond bloom were comparable between groups with high and low pre-cold storage infections. In year 2, size and survival were compared among colonies with and without Fumagillin treatment that were fed either pollen or protein supplement prior to overwintering. Colonies treated with Fumagillin had lower spore numbers than untreated, but colony sizes and survival were similar among the treatments. However, more colonies with zero spores per bee could be rented for almond pollination and were alive after bloom than those averaging &gt;1 million spores per bee. Fat body metrics can affect overwintering success. In both years, fat body weights and protein concentrations increased, and lipid concentrations decreased while bees were in cold storage. Fat body metrics did not differ with Nosema infection levels. However, Fumagillin negatively affected pre-cold storage fat body protein concentrations and colony sizes after cold storage and almond bloom. Treating with Fumagillin before overwintering in cold storage might result in greater colony survival if spore numbers are high, but undetectable or even negative effects when spore numbers are low.
Immunometabolic chaos in septic shock
Authors: Shrestha Deepmala , Pant Bishnu D , Roychowdhury Sanjoy , Gandhirajan Anugraha , Cross Emily , Chhabria Mamta , Bauer Seth R , Jeng Margaret , Mitchell Megan , Mehkri Omar , Zaidi Fatima , Ahuja Akash , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Yuxin , McDonald Christine , Longworth Michelle S , Stappenbeck Thaddeus S , Stark George R , Scheraga Rachel G , Vachharajani Vidula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Septic shock is associated with over 40% mortality. The immune response in septic shock is tightly regulated by cellular metabolism and transitions from early hyper-inflammation to later hypo-inflammation. Patients are susceptible to secondary infections during hypo-inflammation. The magnitude of the metabolic dysregulation and the effect of plasma metabolites on the circulating immune cells in septic shock are not reported. We hypothesized that the accumulated plasma metabolites affect the immune response in septic shock during hypo-inflammation. Our study took a unique approach. Using peripheral blood from adult septic shock patients and healthy controls, we studied: (i) Whole blood stimulation ± E. Coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS: endotoxin) to analyze plasma TNF protein, and (ii). Plasma metabolomic profile by Metabolon. Inc. (iii) We exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls to commercially available carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolites and studied the response to LPS. We report that: (i) The whole blood stimulation of the healthy control group showed a significantly upregulated TNF protein, while the septic shock group remained endotoxin tolerant, a biomarker for hypo-inflammation. (ii) A significant accumulation of carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid, ceramide, sphingomyelin, and TCA cycle pathway metabolites in septic shock plasma. (iii) In vitro exposure to 5 metabolites repressed while 2 metabolites upregulated the inflammatory response of PBMCs to LPS. We conclude that the endotoxin-tolerant phenotype of septic shock is associated with a simultaneous accumulation of plasma metabolites from multiple metabolic pathways, and these metabolites fundamentally influence the immune response profile of circulating cells.
Unlocking the potential of large-scale 3D imaging with tissue clearing techniques
Authors: Susaki Etsuo A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structure of living organisms is intrinsically linked to their functions, yet modern life sciences have not fully explored this aspect. Recently, the combination of efficient tissue clearing techniques and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for rapid 3D imaging has improved access to 3D spatial information in biological systems. This technology has found applications in various fields, including neuroscience, cancer research and clinical histopathology, leading to significant insights. It allows imaging of entire organs or even whole bodies of animals and humans at multiple scales. Moreover, it enables a form of spatial omics by capturing and analyzing cellome information, which represents the complete spatial organization of cells. While current 3D imaging of cleared tissues has limitations in obtaining sufficient molecular information, emerging technologies such as multi-round tissue staining and super-multicolor imaging are expected to address these constraints. 3D imaging using tissue clearing and light-sheet microscopy thus offers a valuable research tool in the current and future life sciences for acquiring and analyzing large-scale biological spatial information.
Clinicopathological differences between classical schwannomas and cellular schwannomas in the retroperitoneum
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Zheng Haining , Li Guilan , Li Ting 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to compare clinical and pathological features of retroperitoneal classical schwannomas and cellular schwannomas. A total of 64 cases of retroperitoneal classical schwannoma and 48 cases of cellular schwannoma were studied. Histopathological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Retroperitoneal cellular schwannomas exhibited 100% (48/48) and 75% (36/48) positive expression for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cytokeratins (CK), respectively. Classical schwannomas showed rates of 6.25% (4/64) and 15.63% (10/64), respectively (P &lt; .05). In classic schwannomas, 85.9% (55/64) showed a reticular pattern of positive anti-CD34 staining around tumor margins and subcapsular areas vs 52.1% (25/48) in cellular schwannomas (P &lt; .05). Cellular schwannomas exhibited more mitotic figures than classical schwannoma (P &lt; .05). The recurrence rate of cellular schwannomas was 10.42% (5/48), while that of classical schwannomas was 1.56% (1/64) (P &lt; .05). Retroperitoneal cellular schwannomas commonly express GFAP and CK compared to classical schwannomas, suggesting that cellular schwannoma may originate from unmyelinated Schwann cells, while classical schwannoma may originate from myelinated Schwann cells. Anti-CD34 staining patterns may be used to distinguish between the 2 types. Retroperitoneal cellular schwannomas also show higher mitotic activity and are more prone to recurrence.
Historical considerations on t- passives with G-stem verbs in North African Arabic
Authors: D'Anna Luca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present paper investigates the origin and spread of a peculiar trait of North African and Egyptian Arabic, namely the employment of a t- prefix with non-augmented forms of the verb to express the passive voice. According to the literature at our disposal, this trait is present in Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, but generally absent elsewhere. In the paper, traces of the trait are shown to exist in other dialects as well as a result of phonological constraints to the employment of the infaʕala stem. As for the present-day distribution of the trait and its origin, we advance the hypothesis of a Tunisian origin due to convergence with Berber.
The role of Hebrew in the linguistic repertoire of Jewish milieux in the Hellenistic and early Roman period: new insights from the New Testament
Authors: Nardi Edoardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the use and diffusion of Hebrew in Palestine and Jewish environments during the Hellenistic and early Roman period (roughly, 3rd c. BCE – 1st c. CE). While the central role of Greek and Aramaic in the linguistic repertoire of the Jewish population has long been accepted, the use of Hebrew was gradually acknowledged only in the 20th century, especially since the discovery of the Qumran scrolls. Based on data coming from the New Testament, the discussion provides support for the diffusion of Hebrew as a spoken language and contributes to shedding light on the well-known contact-induced similarities that characterized Hebrew and Aramaic at that time. Furthermore, the analysis of a few Hebrew Bible citations occurring in the New Testament reveals that the former could be interpreted with reference to later Hebrew usage, as (also) attested in Mishnaic Hebrew, providing further support for the active role of post-biblical Hebrew in the linguistic repertoire of Jewish translators of Hellenistic-Roman times.
An evaluation of source-blending impact on the calibration of SKA EoR experiments
Authors: Shan Chenxi , Xu Haiguang , Zhu Yongkai , Zhao Yuanyuan , White Sarah V , Line Jack L B , Zheng Dongchao , Zhu Zhenghao , Hu Dan , Zhang Zhongli , Wu Xiangping 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Twenty-one-centimetre signals from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are expected to be detected in the low-frequency radio window by the next-generation interferometers, particularly the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). However, precision data analysis pipelines are required to minimize the systematics within an infinitesimal error budget. Consequently, there is a growing need to characterize the sources of errors in EoR analysis. In this study, we identify one such error origin, namely source blending, which is introduced by the overlap of objects in the densely populated observing sky under SKA1-Low’s unprecedented sensitivity and resolution, and evaluate its two-fold impact in both the spatial and frequency domains using a novel hybrid evaluation (HEVAL) pipeline combining end-to-end simulation with an analytic method to mimic EoR analysis pipelines. Sky models corrupted by source blending induce small but severe frequency-dependent calibration errors when coupled with astronomical foregrounds, impeding EoR parameter inference with strong additive residuals in the two-dimensional power spectrum space. We report that additive residuals from poor calibration against sky models with blending ratios of 5 and 0.5 per cent significantly contaminate the EoR window. In contrast, the sky model with a 0.05 per cent blending ratio leaves little residual imprint within the EoR window, therefore identifying a blending tolerance at approximately 0.05 per cent. Given that the SKA observing sky is estimated to suffer from an extended level of blending, strategies involving de-blending, frequency-dependent error mitigation, or a combination of both, are required to effectively attenuate the calibration impact of source-blending defects.
Galaxy clustering in modified gravity from full-physics simulations – I. Two-point correlation functions
Authors: Collier Michael , Bose Sownak , Li Baojiu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We present an in-depth investigation of galaxy clustering based on a new suite of realistic large-box galaxy formation simulations in $f(R)$ gravity, with a subgrid physics model that has been recalibrated to reproduce various observed stellar and gas properties. We focus on the two-point correlation functions of the luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and emission line galaxies (ELGs), which are primary targets of ongoing and future galaxy surveys such as Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). One surprising result is that, due to several non-trivial effects of modified gravity on matter clustering and the galaxy–halo connection, the clustering signal does not depend monotonically on the fifth-force strength. For LRGs, this complicated behaviour poses a challenge to meaningfully constraining this model. For ELGs, in contrast, this can be straightforwardly explained by the time evolution of the fifth force, which means that weaker $f(R)$ models can display nearly the same – up to 25 per cent – deviations from Lambda cold dark matter model as the strongest ones, albeit at lower redshifts. This implies that even very weak $f(R)$ models can be strongly constrained, unlike with most other observations. Our results show that galaxy formation acquires a significant environment dependence in $f(R)$ gravity, which, if not properly accounted for, may lead to biased constraints on the model. This highlights the essential role of hydrodynamical simulations in future tests of gravity exploring precision galaxy-clustering data from the likes of DESI and Euclid.
On the limitations of Hα luminosity as a star formation tracer in spatially resolved observations
Authors: Hu Zipeng , Wibking Benjamin D , Krumholz Mark R , Federrath Christoph 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This study examines the limitations of H$\alpha$ luminosity as a tracer of star formation rates (SFR) in spatially resolved observations. We carry out high-resolution simulations of a Milky Way-like galaxy including both supernova and photoionization feedback, and from these, we generate synthetic H$\alpha$ emission maps that we compare to maps of the true distribution of young stellar objects (YSOs) on scales from whole-galaxy to individual molecular clouds ($\lesssim 100$ pc). Our results reveal significant spatial mismatches between H$\alpha$ and true YSO maps on sub-100 pc scales, primarily due to ionizing photon leakage, with a secondary contribution from young stars drifting away from their parent molecular clouds. On small scales, these effects contribute significantly to the observed anticorrelation between gas and star formation, such that there is $\sim 50~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ less anticorrelation if we replace an H$\alpha$-based star formation map with a YSO-based one; this in turn implies that previous studies have underestimated the time it takes for young stars to disperse their parent molecular clouds. However, these effects are limited in dense regions with hydrogen columns $N_\mathrm{H} \gt 3 \times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$, where the H$\alpha$- and YSO-based SFR maps show better agreement. Based on this finding, we propose a calibration model that can precisely measure the SFR of large molecular clouds (mean radius &gt; 100 pc) with a combination of H$\alpha$ and CO observations, which provides a foundation for future study of star formation processes in extragalactic molecular clouds.
Bayesian estimation of cross-coupling and reflection systematics in 21cm array visibility data
Authors: Murphy Geoff G , Bull Philip , Santos Mario G , Abdurashidova Zara , Adams Tyrone , Aguirre James E , Alexander Paul , Ali Zaki S , Baartman Rushelle , Balfour Yanga , Beardsley Adam P , Bernardi Gianni , Billings Tashalee S , Bowman Judd D , Bradley Richard F , Burba Jacob , Cain Christopher , Carey Steven , Carilli Chris L , Cheng Carina , DeBoer David R , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Dexter Matt , Dillon Joshua S , Eksteen Nico , Ely John , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Fagnoni Nicolas , Fritz Randall , Furlanetto Steven R , Gale-Sides Kingsley , Glendenning Brian , Gorthi Deepthi , Greig Bradley , Grobbelaar Jasper , Halday Ziyaad , Hazelton Bryna J , Hewitt Jacqueline N , Hickish Jack , Jacobs Daniel C , Julius Austin , Kariseb MacCalvin , Kern Nicholas S , Kerrigan Joshua , Kittiwisit Piyanat , Kohn Saul A , Kolopanis Matthew , Lanman Adam , Plante Paul La , Liu Adrian , Loots Anita , MacMahon David Harold Edward , Malan Lourence , Malgas Cresshim , Malgas Keith , Marero Bradley , Martinot Zachary E , Mesinger Andrei , Molewa Mathakane , Morales Miguel F , Mosiane Tshegofalang , Murray Steven G , Neben Abraham R , Nikolic Bojan , Nuwegeld Hans , Parsons Aaron R , Patra Nipanjana , Pieterse Samantha , Razavi-Ghods Nima , Robnett James , Rosie Kathryn , Sims Peter , Sipple Jackson , Smith Craig , Swarts Hilton , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan , van Wyngaarden Pieter , Williams Peter K G , Zheng Haoxuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Observations with radio arrays that target the 21-cm signal originating from the early Universe suffer from a variety of systematic effects. An important class of these are reflections and spurious couplings between antennas. We apply a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler to the modelling and mitigation of these systematics in simulated Hydrogen Epoch of Reionisation Array (HERA) data. This method allows us to form statistical uncertainty estimates for both our models and the recovered visibilities, which is an important ingredient in establishing robust upper limits on the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) power spectrum. In cases where the noise is large compared to the EoR signal, this approach can constrain the systematics well enough to mitigate them down to the noise level for both systematics studied. Incoherently averaging the recovered power spectra can further reduce the noise and improve recovery. Where the noise level is lower than the EoR, our modelling can mitigate the majority of the reflections and coupling with there being only a minor level of residual systematics. Our approach performs similarly to existing filtering/fitting techniques used in the HERA pipeline, but with the added benefit of rigorously propagating uncertainties. In all cases it does not significantly attenuate the underlying signal.
Improved weak lensing photometric redshift calibration via StratLearn and hierarchical modelling
Authors: Autenrieth Maximilian , Wright Angus H , Trotta Roberto , van Dyk David A , Stenning David C , Joachimi Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Discrepancies between cosmological parameter estimates from cosmic shear surveys and from recent Planck cosmic microwave background measurements challenge the ability of the highly successful $\Lambda$CDM model to describe the nature of the Universe. To rule out systematic biases in cosmic shear survey analyses, accurate redshift calibration within tomographic bins is key. In this paper, we improve photo-z calibration via Bayesian hierarchical modeling of full galaxy photo-z conditional densities, by employing ${\it StratLearn}$, a recently developed statistical methodology, which accounts for systematic differences in the distribution of the spectroscopic training/source set and the photometric target set. Using realistic simulations that were designed to resemble the KiDS + VIKING-450 data set, we show that ${\it StratLearn}$-estimated conditional densities improve the galaxy tomographic bin assignment, and that our ${\it StratLearn}$-Bayesian framework leads to nearly unbiased estimates of the target population means. This leads to a factor of $\sim 2$ improvement upon often used and state-of-the-art photo-z calibration methods. Our approach delivers a maximum bias per tomographic bin of $\Delta \langle z \rangle = 0.0095 \pm 0.0089$, with an average absolute bias of $0.0052 \pm 0.0067$ across the five tomographic bins.
Magnetized H i superbubbles in the Small Magellanic Cloud revealed by the POSSUM pilot survey
Authors: Jung S Lyla , Seta A , Price J M , McClure-Griffiths N M , Livingston J D , Gaensler B M , Ma Y K , Tahani M , Anderson C S , Federrath C , Van Eck C L , Leahy D , O’Sullivan S P , West J , Heald G , Akahori T 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Neutral hydrogen (H i) bubbles and shells are common in the interstellar medium (ISM). Studying their properties provides insight into the characteristics of the local ISM as well as the galaxy in which the bubbles reside. We report the detection of magnetic fields associated with superbubbles in the nearby irregular galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the Polarisation Sky Survey of the Universe’s Magnetism (POSSUM) pilot survey, we obtain a high-density grid ($\approx 25 \, \rm sources\, deg^{-2}$) of Faraday rotation measure (RM) from polarized sources behind the SMC. This provides a sufficiently large number of RM measurements to study the magnetic properties of three of the largest H i shells previously identified in the SMC. The RM profiles as a function of distance from the shell centre show characteristic patterns at angular scales comparable to the shell size. We demonstrate that this can be explained by magnetohydrodynamic simulation models of bubbles expanding in magnetized environments. From the observations, we estimate the line-of-sight magnetic field strength at the edges of the shells is enhanced by $\sim 1\, \rm \mu G$ with respect to their centres. This is an order of magnitude larger than the field strength in the ambient medium ($\sim 0.1\, \rm \mu G$) estimated based on the expansion velocity of the shells. This paper highlights the power of densely mapped RM grids in studying the magnetic properties of galactic substructures beyond the Milky Way.