bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan‐carbon Nanofiber Modified Single‐use Graphite Electrodes Developed for Electrochemical Detection of DNA Hybridization Related to Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Eksin Ece , Erdem Arzum 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChitosan (CHIT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were developed for the first time in the present study for enhanced monitoring of DNA hybridization. CHIT‐CNF modified PGE, CHIT modified PGE and unmodified PGE were firstly characterized by scanning electrone microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical behaviour of each electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The optimization of experimental studies; CNF concentration, or DNA probe concentration was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The sequence‐selective DNA hybridization related to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was then performed in the case of hybridization between HBV probe and its target DNA, or different non‐complementary DNA sequences (NC1 and NC2), and also the hybridization case in the mixture samples containing both target and NC sequences in the ratio of 1 : 1. CHIT‐CNF‐PGEs presented very effective discrimination of HBV DNA hybridization, which also presented high sensitivity and better reproducibility due to the unique chemical and structural properties of CNF.
MIP‐esterase/Tyrosinase Combinations for Paracetamol and Phenacetin
Authors: Yarman Aysu , Scheller Frieder W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new electrochemical MIP sensor for the most frequently used drug paracetamol (PAR) was prepared by electropolymerization of mixtures containing the template molecule and the functional monomers o‐phenylenediamine, resorcinol and aniline. The imprinting factor of 12 reflects the effective target binding to the MIP as compared with the non‐imprinted electropolymer. Combination of the MIP with a nonspecific esterase allows the measurement of phenacetin – another analgesic drug. In the second approach the PAR containing sample solution was pretreated with tyrosinase in order to prevent electrochemical interferences by ascorbic acid and uric acid. Interference‐free indication at a very low electrode potential without fouling of the electrode surface was achieved with the o‐phenylenediamine: resorcinol‐based MIP.
Graphene Oxide/ZnO Nano Composite for Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Levodopa and Tyrosine Using Modified Graphite Screen Printed Electrode
Authors: Beitollahi Hadi , Garkani Nejad Fariba 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDetermination of levodopa and tyrosine as two important species for treatment of Parkinson's disease is described. A novel electrochemical sensor involving graphene oxide/ZnO nanorods (GR/ZnO) nano composite and the graphite screen‐printed electrodes (GSPE) was developed for the simultaneous detection of levodopa and tyrosine. The screen‐printed electrodes with several advantages, including low cost, versatility and miniaturization were employed. On the other hand, the graphene oxide/ZnO nanorods nano composite was casted on the surface of GSPE to obtain GR/ZnO/SPE. The proposed nano sensor has excellent performance such as high sensitivity, good selectivity and analytical application in real samples. The combination of graphene oxide/ZnO nanorods nano composite with the screen‐printed electrode is favorable for amplifying electrochemical signals. Under optimized conditions square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibited linear dynamic ranges from 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−3 M and 1.0×10−6 to 8.0×10−4 M with detection limits of 4.5×10−7 M and 3.4×10−7 M for levodopa and tyrosine respectively.
Determination of Thiols and Free Thiol Content in a Protein with Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Amperometric Detection at a Silver Based Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Aydogmus Zeynep , Sarakbi Ahmad , Kauffmann Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLiquid chromatography (LC) coupled to an electrochemical detector was applied for the determination of small thiols such as cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DDT) and the free thiol content in a protein. The thio‐compounds were first derivatized by 2,2′‐dipyridyldisulfide (DPDS) at pH 4.5 to yield the corresponding disulfide and 2‐thiopyridone (2‐TP). The reaction mixture was separated isocratically on a reversed‐phase C18 column with amperometric detection (AD) at a carbon paste electrode modified with silver microparticles and polarized at 0.080 V versus Ag/AgCl. The LC‐AD response corresponding to the generated 2‐TP allowed for the indirect determination of the studied thiol derivatives in the 1×10−5–1×10−4 M range for Cys and GSH and 5×10−6–5×10−5 M range for DTT. The LOD and LOQ values were in the range of 9×10−7–4×10−6 M and 3×10−6−‐5.5×10−6 M, respectively for the three studied compounds. Application to the determination of the free thiol content of human and bovine serum albumin as model proteins was realized. The LC‐AD results were validated with respect to a developed spectrophotometric method performed under identical experimental derivatization conditions.
Higher mode effects in frame pin‐supported wall structure by using a distributed parameter model
Authors: Shoujun Wu , Peng Pan , Dongbin Zhang 
Published: May 2016

SummaryFrame pin‐supported wall structure is a kind of rocking structure, which releases constraints at the bottom of the wall. The wall is affiliated to the frame and can rotate around the hinge. Previous studies have investigated seismic performance (such as deformation pattern and plastic hinge distribution) of frame pin‐supported wall structure. Strength demand of this system was investigated through static pushover analysis. However, dynamic characteristics, especially higher mode effects, remain to be quantified. As demonstrated in several researches, higher mode effects have non‐negligible effects on seismic response. For this purpose, a distributed model for analyzing higher mode effects in frame pin‐supported wall structure was proposed, where the pin‐supported wall and the frame were simplified as a bending beam and a shear beam, respectively. The model was solved by differential equations derived from equilibrium and compatibility. Displacement and inner force distribution of frame pin‐supported wall structure in higher modes were quantified according to the model. Influence of critical parameters, such as wall stiffness and structure period, was assessed on higher mode effects. It was demonstrated that response in higher modes cannot be neglected in the design of frame pin‐supported wall structure. Capacity design based on the fundamental mode is not conservative, especially in the wall. Furthermore, pin‐supported walls tend to force the frame to vibrate in the rocking mode and suppress higher mode effects in the frame. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations of asymmetry in contrasting wave‐ and tidally‐dominated environments within a mesotidal basin: implications for estuarine morphological evolution
Authors: Hunt Stephen , Bryan Karin R. , Mullarney Julia C. , Pritchard Mark 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTides are often considered to be the dominant hydrodynamic process within mesotidal estuaries although waves can also have a large influence on intertidal erosion rates. Here, we use a combination of hydrodynamic measurements and sediment deposition records to determine the conditions under which observed waves are ‘morphologically significant’, in which case they influence tidal and suspended sediment flux asymmetry and subsequently infilling over geomorphological timescales. Morphological significant conditions were evaluated using data from contrasting arms in a dendritic mesotidal estuary, in which the orientation of the arms relative to the prevailing wind results in a marked difference in wave conditions, deposition rates and morphology. By defining the morphological significance of waves as a product of the magnitude of bed shear stress and frequency of occurrence, even small (but frequently occurring) winds are shown to be capable of generating waves that are morphologically significant given sufficient fetch. In the arm in which fetch length is restricted, only stronger but rare storm events can influence sediment flux and therefore tides are more morphologically significant over longer timescales. Water depth within this mesotidal estuary is shown to be a critical parameter in controlling morphological significance; the rapid attenuation of short period waves with depth results in contrasting patterns of erosion occurring during neaps and accretion during springs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On phase field modeling of ductile fracture
Authors: Kuhn Charlotte , Noll Timo , Müller Ralf 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecently, different extensions of phase field fracture models to ductile fracture scenarios where the crack evolution is affected by plastic deformation have been proposed. In most of these phase field models for ductile fracture, the coupling of the elastic‐plastic material laws and the phase field variable is rather complicated and staggered finite element solution schemes are employed in order to avoid the computation of the complicated coupling terms in the tangent matrix. In this work, we propose an elastic‐plastic phase field fracture model, where the coupling is such that a monolithic solution is possible. Through the proposed coupling of the elastic‐plastic material law and the phase field order parameter, a reinterpretation of the meaning of the plastic material parameters is necessary in order to obtain reasonable effective material properties for the ductile phase field fracture model that can be related to measured data. The respective relations are derived from an analysis of the model in one dimension. Finite element simulations of plane strain fracture problems demonstrate the appropriateness of the derived effective material parameters and the applicability of the monolithic solution scheme. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hot and cold subduction systems in the Western Pacific Ocean: insights from heat flows
Authors: Kong X. C. , Li S. Z. , Suo Y. H. , Guo L. L. , Li X. Y. , Liu X. , Somerville I. D. , Dai L. M. , Zhao S. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe calculate a predicted interpolating result of surface heat flow based on a data set with 2674 measurements in the Western Pacific. Comparisons of heat flow profiles between the back‐arc basin and the corresponding subduction slab show that the cold subducting slab may cause indirectly the thermal activities of back‐arc basins. We estimate that values of <50 mW/m2 for both the Philippine Sea Plate and the Pacific Plate may respectively cause the thermal activity of the Okinawa Trough and the Kuril Basin. Moreover, cold subduction may release carbonatitic liquid at different depths, and the process of releasing liquid ends up with the maximum range of serpentinization. The hot subduction system has released most of the water before being incorporated into the mantle wedge; therefore, at great depths, the amount of carbon may dominate the subducting process by controlling partial melting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau – the Nepal Himalaya and the provenance of their foreland basins
Authors: Neupane Bhupati , Ju Yiwen , Tan Fengqi , Baral Upendra , Ulak Prakash Das , Sun Ying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan region formed after 55–50 Ma, as a result of the intracontinental collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, occupying the east–west trending, high‐altitude Himalaya and Karakorum ranges in the south and the vast Tibetan Plateau to the north of central Asia. The tectonic evolution of Tibet began between the late Palaeozoic and the Cenozoic, and the Himalayan mountain system evolved in a series of stages beginning 50–35 Ma and is still active.Active tectonics significantly affect upheaval and the rate of erosion in the Himalaya. Therefore, different foreland basins of the Tibetan Plateau (e.g. the Lhasa terrane, the Hoh Xil Basin, the Qaidam Basin, and the Jiuquan Basin) and the Himalayan foreland basins (e.g. Gondwanaland Basin and the Siwalik and Quaternary basin) experience direct effects in terms of tectonic and sedimentary evolution. For the tectonic evolution and provenance analysis of foreland basins in the Tibetan Plateau and the Nepal Himalaya, researchers have adopted various techniques in past studies: This paper discusses petrography, U–Pb geochronology, and seismic reflection.Provenance analyses have illustrated that the sediments of the Southern Tibetan foreland basin (i.e. the Lhasa terrane) derive from the Qiangtang, Tethys Himalaya, and southwest Australia. Similarly, the sediments of the Central Tibetan basin derive from the Qilian, Kunlun‐Qimantagh, and the Altyn Mountains; the sediments of northern side of the Tibetan foreland basin, from Qilian Shan Mountain; and the sediments of the Nepal Himalayan foreland basin, from the Tethys, Higher, and Lesser Himalaya. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived communicative intent in gesture and language modulates the superior temporal sulcus
Authors: Redcay Elizabeth , Velnoskey Kayla R. , Rowe Meredith L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBehavioral evidence and theory suggest gesture and language processing may be part of a shared cognitive system for communication. While much research demonstrates both gesture and language recruit regions along perisylvian cortex, relatively less work has tested functional segregation within these regions on an individual level. Additionally, while most work has focused on a shared semantic network, less has examined shared regions for processing communicative intent. To address these questions, functional and structural MRI data were collected from 24 adult participants while viewing videos of an experimenter producing communicative, Participant‐Directed Gestures (PDG) (e.g., “Hello, come here”), noncommunicative Self‐adaptor Gestures (SG) (e.g., smoothing hair), and three written text conditions: (1) Participant‐Directed Sentences (PDS), matched in content to PDG, (2) Third‐person Sentences (3PS), describing a character's actions from a third‐person perspective, and (3) meaningless sentences, Jabberwocky (JW). Surface‐based conjunction and individual functional region of interest analyses identified shared neural activation between gesture (PDGvsSG) and language processing using two different language contrasts. Conjunction analyses of gesture (PDGvsSG) and Third‐person Sentences versus Jabberwocky revealed overlap within left anterior and posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS). Conjunction analyses of gesture and Participant‐Directed Sentences to Third‐person Sentences revealed regions sensitive to communicative intent, including the left middle and posterior STS and left inferior frontal gyrus. Further, parametric modulation using participants' ratings of stimuli revealed sensitivity of left posterior STS to individual perceptions of communicative intent in gesture. These data highlight an important role of the STS in processing participant‐directed communicative intent through gesture and language. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3444–3461, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Which way and how far? Tracking of translation and rotation information for human path integration
Authors: Chrastil Elizabeth R. , Sherrill Katherine R. , Hasselmo Michael E. , Stern Chantal E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPath integration, the constant updating of the navigator's knowledge of position and orientation during movement, requires both visuospatial knowledge and memory. This study aimed to develop a systems‐level understanding of human path integration by examining the basic building blocks of path integration in humans. To achieve this goal, we used functional imaging to examine the neural mechanisms that support the tracking and memory of translational and rotational components of human path integration. Critically, and in contrast to previous studies, we examined movement in translation and rotation tasks with no defined end‐point or goal. Navigators accumulated translational and rotational information during virtual self‐motion. Activity in hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) increased during both translation and rotation encoding, suggesting that these regions track self‐motion information during path integration. These results address current questions regarding distance coding in the human brain. By implementing a modified delayed match to sample paradigm, we also examined the encoding and maintenance of path integration signals in working memory. Hippocampus, PHC, and RSC were recruited during successful encoding and maintenance of path integration information, with RSC selective for tasks that required processing heading rotation changes. These data indicate distinct working memory mechanisms for translation and rotation, which are essential for updating neural representations of current location. The results provide evidence that hippocampus, PHC, and RSC flexibly track task‐relevant translation and rotation signals for path integration and could form the hub of a more distributed network supporting spatial navigation.Hum Brain Mapp 37:3636–3655, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New perspectives on the conservative management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible: A literature review
Authors: Costa Diogo Alpuim , Costa Tiago Porfírio , Netto Eduardo Carlinhos , Joaquim Natércia , Ventura Isabel , Pratas Ana Cristina , Winckler Patrícia , Silva Inês Pires , Pinho Ana Catarina , Sargento Isabel Goulão , Guerreiro Francisco Gamito , Moreira António Rita 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOver the last decades, several therapeutic options were considered in the treatment of the osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible, including supportive measures, ultrasound therapy, corticosteroids, hyperbaric oxygen, surgical resection with reconstruction, and, more recently, drugs capable of reversing the fibroatrophic process. Once established, the ORN does not spontaneously disappear and a standard treatment has not yet been defined. The clear clinical effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) varies according to the literature and there are some economic/logistic issues to be considered; the triplet tocopherol/pentoxifylline/clodronate demands greater evidence from randomized clinical trials and also resilience from the patient, given the long treatment duration and its possible side effects. Controversy around the ideal treatment of the initial stage ORN of the mandible persists. More rigorous randomized prospective trials are essential. The purpose of this article was to review the relevant literature on the physiopathology of ORN of the mandible and discuss the new perspectives of its conservative treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
An improved representation of geographically isolated wetlands in a watershed‐scale hydrologic model
Authors: Evenson Grey R. , Golden Heather E. , Lane Charles R. , D'Amico Ellen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGeographically isolated wetlands (GIWs), defined as wetlands surrounded by uplands, provide an array of ecosystem goods and services. Within the United States, federal regulatory protections for GIWs are contingent, in part, on the quantification of their singular or aggregate effects on the hydrological, biological, or chemical integrity of waterways regulated by the Clean Water Act (CWA). However, limited tools are available to assess the downgradient effects of GIWs. We constructed a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with improved representations of GIW hydrologic processes for the approximately 1700 km2 Pipestem Creek watershed in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA. We then executed a series of novel modifications on the Pipestem Creek SWAT model. We (1) redefined the model's hydrologic response unit spatial boundaries to conform to mapped GIWs and associated watershed boundaries, (2) constructed a series of new model input files to direct the simulation of GIW fill–spill hydrology and upland flows to GIWs, and (3) modified the model source code to facilitate use of the new SWAT input files and improve GIW water balance simulations. We then calibrated and verified our modified SWAT model at a daily time step from 2009 through 2013. Simulation results indicated good predictive power (the maximum Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency statistic was 0.86) and an acceptable range of uncertainty (measured using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting v.2 uncertainty statistics). Simulation results additionally indicated good model performance with respect to GIW water balance simulations based on literature‐based descriptions of regional GIW hydrologic behaviour. Our modified SWAT model represents a critical step in advancing scientific understandings of the watershed‐scale hydrologic effects of GIWs and provides a novel method for future assessments in different watersheds and physiographic regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Haplotypes of the MTHFR gene are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in a Han Chinese population in Gansu province
Authors: Song Ailing , Zhao Lei , Li Yumin , Wu Li , Li Yu , Liu Xiaokang , Lan Shen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElevated homocysteine levels are a risk factor for breast cancer, although the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Genome‐wide association studies were used to systematically identify genetic variants which were significantly associated with the circulating homocysteine concentration. To examine the role of homocysteine‐related variants in the occurrence of breast cancer, we investigated the association between these variants and breast cancer in a Han Chinese population. Five variants of genome‐wide significant homocysteine‐related genes were selected for the analysis in a case–control study, with a total of 487 patients with breast cancer and 605 controls. We found that none of the studied polymorphisms were related to the altered breast cancer risk. In the haplotypic analysis, the 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) haplotypes rs12085006A/rs1999594G/rs1801133C (OR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.58–7.50, P = 0.0019) and rs12085006A/rs1999594G/rs1801133T (OR = 16.21, 95% CI = 2.19– 120.32, P = 0.0065) were significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk when compared with the wild‐type haplotype. Both of the risky MTHFR haplotypes were correlated with decreased MTHFR gene expression and elevated homocysteine concentrations, indicating a genetic component for hyperhomocysteinemia. The MTHFR haplotypes reconstructed with homocysteine‐related variants were associated with the occurrence of breast cancer. This finding further emphasizes the importance of homocysteine metabolism genes in breast carcinogenesis and highlights the interplay of diet, genetics, and human cancers. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):526–534, 2016