bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Rates of Visual Field Progression in Linear Versus Nonlinear Scales: Implications for Understanding the Relationship Between Baseline Damage and Target Rates of Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Liebmann Kevin , De Moraes Carlos Gustavo , Liebmann Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the relationship between baseline visual field damage and the rate of progression depends upon the use of logarithmic (dB) versus linear (1/Lambert) scale.

Methods:
A total of 60 eyes (60 patients) with treated, established glaucoma and at least 5 reliable 24-2 visual fields were included. Baseline visual field mean deviation (MD) in dB was transformed to 1/Lambert using standard equation. Mixed effects linear regression was used to calculate the slopes (MD rates of progression over time) with linear and nonlinear scales. We tested the relationship between baseline MD and MD slopes for each scale of measure.

Results:
In dB scale, worse baseline visual field loss was associated with faster MD slopes (P=0.037), whereas the opposite effect was seen in 1/Lambert (P=0.001). For a similar rate of progression in dB/y, eyes with mild visual field damage lost more linear sensitivity over a given period of time than those with more severe baseline damage.

Conclusions:
There is a significant relationship between baseline visual field severity and rates of MD progression, although the direction of this association depends on the scale sensitivity is measured. The definition of fast versus slow visual field progression should be revised and take into account that sensitivity in linear scales show a better correlation with structural loss than when conventionally measured in nonlinear scale.
The Quantitative Measurements of Vascular Density and Flow Area of Optic Nerve Head Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Bazvand Fatemeh , Mirshahi Reza , Fadakar Kaveh , Faghihi Houshangh , Sabour Siamak , Ghassemi Fariba 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vascular density (VD) and the flow area on optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary area, and the impact of age and sex using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthy human subjects.

Methods:
Both eyes of each volunteer were scanned by an RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue with OCTA using the split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography algorithm technique. Masked graders evaluated enface angiodisc OCTA data. The flow area of ONH and the VD were automatically calculated.

Results:
A total of 79 eyes of patients with a mean age of 37.03±11.27 were examined. The total ONH (papillary and peripapillary) area VD was 56.03%±4.55%. The flow area of the ONH was 1.74±0.10 mm2/1.34 mm2. The temporal and inferotemporal peripapillary VD was different between male and female patients. Increasing age causes some changes in the flow area of the ONH and the papillary VD from the third to the fourth decade (analysis of variance test; P<0.05).

Conclusions:
A normal quantitative database of the flow area and VD of the papillary and peripapillary area, obtained by RTVue XR with OCT angiography technique, is presented here.
Health Care Engagement and Follow-up After Perceived Discrimination in Maternity Care
Authors: Attanasio Laura , Kozhimannil Katy B. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Negative experiences in the health care system, including perceived discrimination, can result in patient disengagement from health care. Four million US women give birth each year, and the perinatal period is a time of sustained interaction with the health care system, but potential consequences of negative experiences have not been examined in this context. We assessed whether perceived discrimination during the birth hospitalization were associated with postpartum follow-up care.

Methods:
Data were from the Listening to Mothers III survey, a nationally drawn sample of 2400 women with singleton births in US hospitals in 2011–2012. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds of having a postpartum visit in the 8 weeks following birth by perceptions of discrimination due to (1) race/ethnicity; (2) insurance type; and (3) a difference of opinion with a provider about care.

Results:
Women who experienced any of the 3 types of perceived discrimination had more than twice the odds of postpartum visit nonattendance (adjusted odds ratio=2.28, P=0.001), after adjusting for socioeconomic and medical characteristics.

Conclusions:
The postpartum visit is an opportunity for a patient and clinician to address continuing health problems following birth, discuss contraception, and screen for chronic disease. Forgoing this care may have negative health effects. The findings from this study underscore the need to reduce discrimination and improve maternity care experiences.
Fidget spinners: Purported benefits, adverse effects and accepted alternatives
Authors: Schecter Rachel A. , Shah Jay , Fruitman Kate , Milanaik Ruth Lynn 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
In the span of a few months, fidget spinners have caught the eyes of millions of children, parents, educators and paediatricians. Fidget spinners, hand-held toys designed to spin freely in your grasp, have become a source of entertainment for consumers of all ages. Despite a lack of scientific evidence, toy marketers have advertised the benefits of fidget spinners for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other disorders (e.g. autism, anxiety, sensory issues). Parents are incentivized by these purported benefits to purchase fidget spinners to improve their child's concentration and decrease stress.

Recent findings
While fidget spinners are a new phenomenon, existing therapy toys (e.g. sensory putty) have been used by occupational therapists for similar reasons, with comparably little research supporting these claims. The purpose of this review is to explore literature regarding sensory toys and examine educator/professional-reported concerns and medical adverse effects of using fidget spinners.

Summary
Due to a recent surge in popularity, fidget spinners and other self-regulatory occupational therapy toys have yet to be subjected to rigorous scientific research. Thus, their alleged benefits remain scientifically unfounded. Paediatricians should be aware of potential choking hazards with this new fad, and inform parents that peer-reviewed studies do not support the beneficial claims.
Physical Activity Assessment During Gestation and Its Outcomes: A Review
Authors: Forczek Wanda , Curyło Marta , Forczek Barbara 
Published: July 2017

Background
Physical activity recommendations emphasize a positive influence of exercise on health. It is particularly recognized during pregnancy for both the mother and fetus.

Aim
This review aims to identify the main trends of activity undertaken by women during gestation and to find out how it affects the expecting mother and her child.

Methods
Review of the literature comprising the following databases: PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Health Source—Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, EMBASE (2000 to May 2013), used detailed search strategies. The review was restricted to experimental studies. Trials were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: reviews, letters, commentaries or editorials, only abstracts available, and any kind of pathology during pregnancy. Three assessors reviewed the titles, abstracts, and full articles using standardized data abstraction forms, and they assessed the study quality. A total of 474 potential articles remained for analyses.

Findings
Twenty-eight articles were eligible for inclusion in the present review: randomized controlled trials and observational studies that evaluated maternal and offspring outcomes as a result of physical activity during pregnancy. Quasi-randomized trials were excluded. The activities that were most frequently assessed included occupational activity, housework/caregiving, sport/exercise, and active living, as well as habits. The authors evaluated different types of physical activity in the loading conditions. The aerobic activities most frequently used for assessment included treadmill walking program; step aerobics or stair stepper; aerobics; bicycle ergometer; combination of rowing, stationary cycling, and walk jogging; rhythmic calisthenics class and step class; brisk walks; stretching; and relaxation. The benefits following being active during pregnancy are associated with improved maternal psychological well-being, a reduced risk of preterm birth and excessive gestational weight gain, and lower risk of birth-related complications.

Conclusions
Patterns of activity change during pregnancy. Although exercise is safe for both the mother and fetus, most women reduce their activity level during the first weeks of gestation. Specifically, physical activity tends to be of lower duration, frequency, and intensity. Therefore, women should be encouraged by professionals to initiate or continue exercising during a healthy pregnancy.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify the main trends among pregnant women in terms of physical activity, investigate the main benefits following exercising during pregnancy, recognize the most popular forms of physical activity in pregnant population, and realize health professionals to make women more aware of the importance of exercise.
The Role of Psychological Stress on Heart Autophagy in Mice With Heart Failure
Authors: Lu Xiao-Ting , Liu Xiao-Qiong , Wang Bo , Sun Yuan-Yuan , Yang Rui-Xue , Xing Yi-Fan , Sun Ping , Wang Ying-Bin , Zhao Yu-Xia 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Psychological stress in chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with systemic neurohormonal and immune system responses and increased mortality. Autophagy refers to the biological process of degradation and recycling of dysfunctional cellular components. We investigated the role of psychological stress on autophagy function in CHF mice.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice underwent transverse aortic constriction, with or without combined acoustic and restraint stress, and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography analysis. Serum corticosterone and angiotensin II (Ang II) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autophagy and oxidative stress were measured with immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and chloroquine and rapamycin were used to detect autophagy flux. In vivo, cardiomyocytes were cultured with or without Ang II or N-acetylcysteine, and autophagy and oxidative stress were also detected.

Results
A 1-week stress exposure significantly increased serum levels of corticosterone and Ang II (p = .000), increased levels of oxidative stress, induced overt heart failure, and increased mortality (p = .002). Furthermore, stress exposure unregulated messenger RNA expression of Bcl-2–interacting coiled-coil protein 1 (10.891 [3.029] versus 4.754 [1.713], p = .001), cysteine-rich domain containing beclin-1 interacting (6.403 [1.813] versus 3.653 [0.441], p = .006), and autophagy 7 (111.696 [4.049] versus 6.189 [1.931], p = .017), increased expression of autophagosomal, and decreased clearance of autophagosomes. In vitro, Ang II significantly increased autophagy flux in cultured cardiomyocytes, which could be partly inhibited by N-acetylcysteine.

Conclusions
Psychological stress may contribute to the development of CHF by enhancing heart oxidative stress and impairing autophagy flux.
Distraction of Fronto-Orbital Segment as a Nonvascularized Bone Graft in Craniosynostotic Patients
Authors: Tunçbilek Gökhan , Konaş Ersoy , Çaliş Mert , Ustun Galip Gencay , Bilginer Burçak 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Fronto-orbital advancement using distraction techniques involves the dura left attached to the osteotomized bone segment to avoid dead space formation and dural injury, whereas it is impossible to reshape the supraorbital bar and the frontal bone complex, when necessary. Our approach combines advantageous parts of conventional and distraction osteogenesis techniques as remodel and distract the supraorbital bar and frontal bone complex as a free bone graft. Twenty-seven patients either being syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, with at least 3 years of follow-up were reviewed in this study. Mean age of the patients at the time of the operation was 23.44 ± 18.42 months and mean operative time was 4.96 ± 0.97 hours. Blood transfusion was required in all patients, with an average of 112.04 ± 44.60 mL. Amount of the distraction ranged 10 to 30 mm, a mean of 17.26 ± 4.71 mm for the right side and 18.15 ± 4.69 mm for the left side. Mean duration of consolidation was 98.26 ± 12.98 days and mean follow-up was 41.33 ± 22.92 months. In this study, result of internal distraction of fronto-orbital segment as a nonvascularized bone graft in craniosynostotic patients is reviewed to emphasize the efficacy of the nonvascularized bone graft distraction in management of craniosynostosis. Graft distraction after fronto-orbital and cranial vault remodeling appears to be safe and effective approach in correcting severe craniosynostosis deformities especially necessitating asymmetrical advancement.
The Effect of External Approach Septoplasty on Olfactory Function
Authors: Türk Bilge , Akpinar Meltem , Altundağ Aytuğ , Kirik Mehtap Özkahraman , Ünsal Özlem , Coşkun Berna Uslu 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Septal deviation-induced nasal obstruction is frequently accompanied by hyposmia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of external approach septoplasty on olfactory function.

Methods:
Thirty patients (23 males, 7 females) who had external approach septoplasty were included in the study. The age interval was 18 to 60 years (mean 33±12 years). All subjects had olfactory function and acoustic rhinometry tests in both the pre- and postoperative periods (mean interval 6 weeks ± 3 weeks). Olfactory function was determined by the “Sniffin Sticks” test. The minimum cross-sectional area from the nostril to 2.20 cm backward was referred to as MCA1, and the minimum cross-sectional area from 2.20 to 5.40 cm was referred to as MCA2, determined by acoustic rhinometry.

Results:
Olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification function improved significantly after external approach septoplasty. A statistically significant difference was also detected between pre- and postoperative left MCA1 and left MCA2 of the nasal cavities. Postoperative hyposmic and anosmic patient improvement was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
External approach septoplasty has a beneficial effect on olfaction and this effect may be partly due to interactions between the increased perception of nasal air flow, as well as surgery-associated improvement in the internal nasal valve area.
Eagle Syndrome: a Follow-Up Examination of Four Patients After Surgical Treatment Via Cervical Approach
Authors: Heim Nils , Faron Anton , Martini Markus , Reich Rudolf H. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Eagle syndrome is a rare pain syndrome caused by an elongated styloid apophysis or an ossified styloid ligament. It is characterized by a complex range of symptoms in head and neck region. The most effective treatment is surgical shortening of the styloid apophysis. The authors report of a follow-up examination of 4 patients after surgical treatment via cervical approach.

Methods:
Retrospectively reviewed hospital records of 5 patients (4 females and 1 male), aged from 26 to 59 years old (mean age = 45.5 years) who underwent surgical shortening of the styloid process via cervical approach. Further, a paper-based survey of 4 patients was conducted, including a clinical questionnaire and 4 visual analogue scales, consisting of questions regarding postoperative pain.

Results:
Period of follow-up ranged from 16 to 79 months (mean 53.75 months). All patients were asymptomatic at follow-up. None of the patients reported a visible scar or hypoesthesia in the affected area. The patients demonstrated low mean visual analogue scales for each item (facial pain: 0.6 ± 1.2, foreign body sensation: 0.725 ± 1.45, pain of throat and neck 1.35 ± 1.58 and limitation of dietary habits: 0.75 ± 1.5). None of the patients reported a resurgence of pain in the head and neck region so far.

Conclusions:
Surgical treatment via cervical approach appears to be an effective and safe option with low morbidity and mortality in the treatment of symptomatic Eagle syndrome of adults.
RNA Transcriptome Mapping with GraphMap
Authors: Križanović Krešimir , Sović Ivan , Krpelnik Ivan , Šikić Mile 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNext generation sequencing technologies have made RNA sequencing widely accessible and applicable in many areas of research. In recent years, 3rd generation sequencing technologies have matured and are slowly replacing NGS for DNA sequencing. This paper presents a novel tool for RNA mapping guided by gene annotations. The tool is an adapted version of a previously developed DNA mapper – GraphMap, tailored for third generation sequencing data, such as those produced by Pacific Biosciences or Oxford Nanopore Technologies devices. It uses gene annotations to generate a transcriptome, uses a DNA mapping algorithm to map reads to the transcriptome, and finally transforms the mappings back to genome coordinates. Modified version of GraphMap is compared on several synthetic datasets to the state-of-the-art RNAseq mappers enabled to work with third generation sequencing data. The results show that our tool outperforms other tools in general mapping quality.
Distinctive desmoplastic 3D morphology associated with BRAFV600Ein papillary thyroid cancers
Authors: Tarabichi M. , Antoniou A. , Le Pennec S. , Gacquer D. , de Saint Aubain N. , Craciun L. , Cielen T. , Laios I. , Larsimont D. , Andry G. , Dumont J.E. , Maenhaut C. , Detours V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTextbooks suggest that cancers are compact balls with an inner core and an invasive front in contact with non-cancerous cells, and that tumor growth is driven by tumor cell proliferation subsequent to oncogenic genome mutations. We reconstructed at histological scale the 3D volume occupied by tumor cells in two regions of a BRAFV600E-mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with low tumor purity, as determined by sequencing, but initially considered high purity during pathology review. In contrast with a compact ball, tumor cells formed a sparse mesh deeply embedded within the stroma. The concepts of inner core and invasive front broke down in this morphology: all tumor cells were within short distance from the stroma. The fibrous stroma was highly cellular and proliferative, a result confirmed in an independent series. This case was not unique: 3.5% of The Cancer Genome Atlas PTCs had purities <25%, 27% were below the 60% purity inclusion criterion. Moreover, the presence of BRAFV600Ewas associated with extensive fibrosis, high stromal activation, and dedifferentiation. Thus, non-tumor cells make most of the tumor mass and contribute to its expansion in a significant fraction of BRAFV600EPTCs. Therapeutics targeting the tumor-stroma crosstalk could be beneficial in this context.
A unified theory of distraction in human perceptual, cognitive and economic decision-making
Authors: Li Vickie , Michael Elizabeth , Balaguer Jan , Herce Castañón Santiago , Summerfield Christopher 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen making decisions, humans are often distracted by irrelevant information. Distraction has different impact on perceptual, cognitive and value-guided choices, giving rise to well-described behavioural phenomena such as the tilt illusion, conflict adaptation, or economic decoy effects. However, a single, unified model that can account for all these phenomena has yet to emerge. Here, we offer one such account, based on adaptive gain control, and additionally show that it successfully predicts a range of counterintuitive new behavioural phenomena on variants of a classic cognitive paradigm, the Eriksen flanker task. We also report that BOLD signals in a dorsal network prominently including the anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), index a gain-modulated decision variable predicted by the model. This work unifies the study of distraction across perceptual, cognitive and economic domains.
The most developmentally truncated fishes show extensiveHoxgene loss and miniaturized genomes
Authors: Malmstrøm Martin , Britz Ralf , Matschiner Michael , Tørresen Ole K. , Hadiaty Renny K. , Yaakob Norsham , Tan Heok H. , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Salzburger Walter , Rüber Lukas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHoxgenes play a fundamental role in regulating the embryonic development of all animals. Manipulation of these transcription factors in model organisms has unraveled key aspects of evolution, like the transition from fin to limb. However, by virtue of their fundamental role and pleiotropic effects, simultaneous knockouts of several of these genes pose significant challenges. Here, we report on evolutionary simplification in two species of the dwarf minnow genusPaedocyprisusing whole genome sequencing. The two species feature unprecedentedHoxgene loss and genome reduction in association with their massive developmental truncation. We also show how other genes involved in the development of musculature, nervous system, and skeleton have been lost inPaedocypris,mirroring its highly progenetic phenotype. Further, we identify two mechanisms responsible for genome streamlining: severe intron shortening and reduced repeat content. As a naturally simplified system closely related to zebrafish,Paedocyprisprovides novel insights into vertebrate development.
Building a high-resolution in vivo minimum deformation average model of the human hippocampus
Authors: Jacobsen Nina , Munk Julie Broni , Plocharski Maciej , Østergaard Lasse Riis , Marstaller Lars , Reutens David , Barth Markus , Janke Andrew L. , Bollmann Steffen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveMinimum deformation averaging (MDA) procedures exploit the information contained in inter-individual variations to generate high-resolution, high-contrast models through iterative model building. However, MDA models built from different image contrasts reside in disparate spaces and their complementary information cannot be utilized easily. The aim of this work was to develop an algorithm for the non-linear alignment of two MDA models with different contrasts to create a high-resolution in vivo model of the human hippocampus with a spatial resolution of 300 μm.MethodsA Turbo Spin Echo MDA model covering the hippocampus was contrast matched to a whole-brain MP2RAGE MDA model and aligned using cross-correlation and non-linear transformation. The contrast matching algorithm followed a global voxel location-based approach to estimate the relationship between intensity values of the two models. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by comparing it to a non-linear registration obtained using mutual information without contrast matching. The complimentary information from both contrasts was then utilized in an automated hippocampal subfield segmentation pipeline.ResultsThe contrast of the Turbo Spin Echo MDA model could successfully be matched to the MP2RAGE MDA model. Registration using cross correlation provided more accurate alignment of the models compared to a mutual information based approach. The segmentation using ASHS resulted in hippocampal subfield delineations that resembled the tissue boundaries observed in the Turbo Spin Echo MDA model.ConclusionThe developed contrast matching algorithm facilitated the creation of a high-resolution multi-modal in vivo MDA model of the human hippocampus. This model can be used to improve algorithms for hippocampal subfield segmentation and could potentially support the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.