bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKT1 Activation is Obligatory for Spontaneous BCC Tumor Growth in a Murine Model that Mimics Some Features of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Kim Arianna L. , Back Jung Ho , Zhu Yucui , Tang Xiuwei , Yardley Nathan P. , Kim Katherine J. , Athar Mohammad , Bickers David R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPatients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), also known as Gorlin syndrome, develop numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCC) due to germline mutations in the tumor suppressor PTCH1 and aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Therapies targeted at components of the Hh pathway, including the smoothened (SMO) inhibitor vismodegib, can ablate these tumors clinically, but tumors recur upon drug discontinuation. Using SKH1-Ptch1+/− as a model that closely mimics the spontaneous and accelerated growth pattern of BCCs in patients with BCNS, we show that AKT1, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is intrinsically activated in keratinocytes derived from the skin of newborn Ptch1+/− mice in the absence of carcinogenic stimuli. Introducing Akt1 haplodeficiency in Ptch1+/− mice (Akt1+/− Ptch1+/−) significantly abrogated BCC growth. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of AKT with perifosine, an alkyl phospholipid AKT inhibitor, diminished the growth of spontaneous and UV-induced BCCs. Our data demonstrate an obligatory role for AKT1 in BCC growth, and targeting AKT may help reduce BCC tumor burden in BCNS patients. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 794–802. ©2016 AACR.
Apresentação do Dossiê “Polarizações”
Authors: Serelle Márcio 
Published: July 2016

O Dossiê desta edição reúne textos do seminário Polarizações, realizado em novembro de 2015, em Belo Horizonte, pelo grupo de pesquisa Mídia e Narrativa, da PUC Minas, e que contou com a participação de pesquisadores de diferentes universidades brasileiras. A discussão fez-se premente em face do acirramento das polarizações políticas e sociais no período durante e imediatamente após as eleições presenciais de 2014, que deixou à mostra os contornos de uma nova direita no País, culminando no atual afastamento – seguido de intensos protestos e mobilização social – da presidenta Dilma Rousseff.
Pace Mapping for the Identification of Focal Atrial Tachycardia Origin
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Mathew Shibu , Heeger Christian-H. , Maurer Tilman , Lemes Christine , Riedl Johannes , Sohns Christian , Saguner Ardan M. , Santoro Francesco , Reißmann Bruno , Metzner Andreas , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Ouyang Feifan 
Published: July 2016

Background—
Focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is extremely difficult to map and ablate when it is difficult to induce and nonsustained. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of pace mapping in identifying the FAT origin.

Methods and Results—
The study included 7 patients with drug-refractory FAT who experienced daily multiple episodes before ablation and presented with difficult-to-induce and nonsustained FAT and a distinct P wave morphology. Pace mapping was systematically performed in the areas of interest using 3-dimensional mapping to match the P wave morphology and paced intracardiac activation sequence recorded from multiple catheters. The anatomic origins of FAT were the right pulmonary vein (PV) in 3 patients, mitral annulus, crista terminalis, tricuspid annulus, and right-sided PV via a posterior conduction of previous PV isolation. In all patients, pace mapping obtained best-matched P wave morphology in ≥11/12 leads of surface ECG at the successful ablation site, and paced intracardiac activation sequence was identical to that of induced FAT. Focal ablation was delivered in 4 patients, including non-PV FAT in 3 and FAT in 1, via posterior gap along the previous right-sided PV isolation, and circumferential right-sided PV isolation was performed in the other 3 patients. No FAT was induced at the end of the procedure. All patients were free of arrhythmias without antiarrhythmic drugs during the 8.4±5.6-month follow-up.

Conclusions—
The combination of paced P wave morphology and intracardiac activation sequence can be used for the identification of FAT origin in patients with difficult-to-induce and nonsustained FAT.
Acute Kidney Injury Definition and In‐Hospital Mortality in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marenzi Giancarlo , Cosentino Nicola , Moltrasio Marco , Rubino Mara , Crimi Gabriele , Buratti Stefano , Grazi Marco , Milazzo Valentina , Somaschini Alberto , Camporotondo Rita , Cornara Stefano , De Metrio Monica , Bonomi Alice , Veglia Fabrizio , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Bartorelli Antonio L. 
Published: July 2016

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with increased mortality in
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. We compared the mortality predictive accuracy of the 3
AKI
definitions used most widely for patients with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

We included 3771 patients with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention at 2 Italian hospitals.
AKI
incidence was evaluated according to creatinine increases of ≥25% (
AKI
‐25), ≥0.3 mg/dL (
AKI
‐0.3), and ≥0.5 mg/dL (
AKI
‐0.5). The primary end point was in‐hospital mortality. Overall, 557 (15%), 522 (14%), and 270 (7%) patients developed
AKI
‐25,
AKI
‐0.3, and
AKI
‐0.5, respectively (
P
<0.01). All
AKI
definitions independently predicted in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 4.9 [95%
CI
3.1–7.8], 5.4 [95%
CI
3.3–8.6], and 8.3 [95%
CI
5.1–13.3], respectively;
P
<0.01 for all). At receiver operating characteristic analysis, the addition of each
AKI
definition to combined clinical predictors of mortality (age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, admission creatinine, creatine kinase‐
MB
peak) found at stepwise analysis significantly improved mortality prognostication (area under the curve increased from 0.89 for clinical predictor combination alone to 0.92 for
AKI
‐25, 0.92 for
AKI
‐0.3, and 0.93 for
AKI
‐0.5;
P
<0.01 for all). At reclassification analysis,
AKI
‐0.5 added to clinical predictors, provided the highest score in mortality (net reclassification improvement +10% versus
AKI
‐0.3 [
P
=0.01] and +8% versus
AKI
‐25 [
P
=0.05]).

Conclusions

Each
AKI
definition significantly improved the mortality prediction beyond major clinical variables.
AKI
‐0.5 showed a mortality discrimination advantage, suggesting it should be the preferred definition in studies addressing
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction and focusing on short‐term mortality.
70-kDa Heat Shock Protein Downregulates Dynamin in Experimental Stroke
Authors: Kim Jong Youl , Kim Nuri , Zheng Zhen , Lee Jong Eun , Yenari Midori A. 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
The 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) protects brain cells in models of cerebral ischemia. Proteomic screening of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion identified dynamin as a major downregulated protein in Hsp70-overexpressing mice (Hsp70 transgenic mice). Dynamin-1 is expressed in neurons and participates in neurotransmission, but also transports the death receptor Fas to the cell surface, where it can be bound by its ligand and lead to apoptosis.

Methods—
Mice were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuro-2a cells were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation. Hsp70 transgenic and Hsp70-deficient (Hsp70 knockout) mice were compared with wild-type mice for histological and behavioral outcomes. Some mice and neuro-2a cell cultures were given dynasore, a dynamin inhibitor.

Results—
Hsp70 transgenic mice had better outcomes, whereas Hsp70 knockout mice had worse outcomes compared with wild-type mice. This correlated with decreased and increased dynamin expression, respectively. Dynamin colocalized to neurons and Fas, with higher Fas levels and increased caspase-8 expression. Hsp70 induction in neuro-2a cells was protected from oxygen glucose deprivation, while downregulating dynamin and Fas expression. Further, dynamin inhibition was found to be neuroprotective.

Conclusions—
Dynamin may facilitate Fas-mediated apoptotic death in the brain, and Hsp70 may protect by preventing this trafficking. Dynamin should be explored as a new therapeutic target for neuroprotection.
The evolution of public–private partnership in Ireland: a sustainable pathway?
Authors: Sheppard Gail , Beck Matthias 
Published: July 2016

Ireland is a latecomer to public–private partnerships, having only adopted them in 1998. Prior to the credit crisis, Ireland followed the UK model, with public–private partnerships being implemented in transport, education, housing/urban regeneration and water/wastewater. Having stalled during the credit crisis, public–private partnerships have recently been reactivated with the domestic infrastructure stimulus programme. The focus of this article is on Ireland as a younger participant in public–private partnerships and the nexus between adoption patterns and the sustainability characteristics of Irish public–private partnerships. Using document analysis and exploratory interviews, the article examines the reasons for Ireland's interest in public–private partnerships, which cannot be attributed to economic rationales alone. We consider three explanations: voluntary adoption – where the UK model was closely followed as part of a domestic modernisation agenda; coercive adoption – where public–private partnership policy was forced upon public sector organisations; and institutional isomorphism – where institutional creation and change around public–private partnerships were promoted to help public sector organisations gain institutional legitimacy. We find evidence of all three patterns, with coercive adoption becoming more relevant in recent years, which is likely to adversely affect sustainability unless incentives for voluntary adoption are strengthened and institutional capacity building is boosted. Points for practitioners There are many reasons why public sector organisations procure via public–private partnerships, and motivations can change over time. In Ireland, public–private partnership adoption changed from being largely voluntary to increasingly coercive. Irrespective of motives, public–private partnership procurement must be underpinned by incentives and institutional enabling mechanisms, which should be strengthened to make Ireland's public–private partnership strategy sustainable.
Thoracic magnetic resonance venography using Gadofosveset in patients with venous pathology—A comparative study of image quality and inter-rater variability
Authors: Åkesson Michael , Lehti Leena , Höglund Peter , Åkeson Per , Wassélius Johan 
Published: July 2016

Background High-quality non-invasive imaging of the deep venous system in the thorax is challenging, but nevertheless required for diagnosis of vascular pathology as well as for patient selection and preoperative planning for endovascular procedures. Purpose To compare the diagnostic quality of Gadofosveset-enhanced thoracic magnetic resonance venography, seven consecutive patients with suspected or known disease affecting the central thoracic veins were compared to seven consecutive magnetic resonance venography using conventional gadolinium-based contrast agents. Materials and methods Diagnostic capability, defined as the ability to assess vessel patency and pathologic conditions, for the major thoracic deep venous segments was assessed by two-independent readers. Both reviewers rated the overall subjective image quality on a four-graded scale, and inter-rater variability was analyzed using unweighted and weighted Cohen's kappa values. Results Diagnostic capability was generally considerably higher in the Gadofosveset group for all examined vessel segments. The overall images quality rating was significantly higher for the Gadofosveset group with a mean rating of 2.9 and 2.7 for the two-independent readers, compared to 1.2 and 1.0 for the control croup. Inter-rater variability showed less variability for the Gadofosveset group with a quadratic-weighted Cohen's Kappa value of 0.58 compared to 0.36 for the control group. Conclusion Our results show that Gadofosveset-enhanced magnetic resonance venography of the central thoracic veins is a reliable technique in clinical routine practice that results in diagnostic images, superior to conventional gadolinium-based contrast medium.
Ischemia-induced spreading depolarization in the retina
Authors: Srienc Anja I , Biesecker Kyle R , Shimoda Angela M , Kur Joanna , Newman Eric A 
Published: July 2016

Cortical spreading depolarization is a metabolically costly phenomenon that affects the brain in both health and disease. Following severe stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or traumatic brain injury, cortical spreading depolarization exacerbates tissue damage and enlarges infarct volumes. It is not known, however, whether spreading depolarization also occurs in the retina in vivo. We report now that spreading depolarization episodes are generated in the in vivo rat retina following retinal vessel occlusion produced by photothrombosis. The properties of retinal spreading depolarization are similar to those of cortical spreading depolarization. Retinal spreading depolarization waves propagate at a velocity of 3.0 ± 0.1 mm/min and are associated with a negative shift in direct current potential, a transient cessation of neuronal spiking, arteriole constriction, and a decrease in tissue O2 tension. The frequency of retinal spreading depolarization generation in vivo is reduced by administration of the NMDA antagonist MK-801 and the 5-HT(1D) agonist sumatriptan. Branch retinal vein occlusion is a leading cause of vision loss from vascular disease. Our results suggest that retinal spreading depolarization could contribute to retinal damage in acute retinal ischemia and demonstrate that pharmacological agents can reduce retinal spreading depolarization frequency after retinal vessel occlusion. Blocking retinal spreading depolarization generation may represent a therapeutic strategy for preserving vision in branch retinal vein occlusion patients.
A case of cervicogenic headache caused by C5 nerve root derived shwannoma: Case report
Authors: Gondo Gakuji , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Kawada Junya , Tanaka Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuaki , Tanaka Satoshi , Endo Satoshi 
Published: July 2016

Introduction We report a case of cervicogenic headache caused by an intradural extramedullary tumor of the middle cervical spine, which has not previously been reported. Case presentation The patient was a 73-year-old male who visited a physician for a chief complaint of pain from the left lower jaw to the auricle and occipital region. The headache was induced with retroflexion of the neck. On cervical magnetic resonance imaging, an intradural extramedullary tumor was noted on the left side at the C4/5 level. The intradural tumor, which arose from the C5 nerve root, was excised and the pain was resolved. The pathological diagnosis was schwannoma. Conclusion Previously reported cases of spinal cord tumor-induced cervicogenic headache were due to upper cervical spinal tumors. This is the first report that a middle-lower cervical intradural extramedullary tumor caused cervicogenic headache.
Cortical Button Fixation
Authors: Ode Gabriella E. , Piasecki Dana P. , Habet Nahir A. , Peindl Richard D. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Patellar tendon ruptures require surgical repair to optimize outcomes, but no consensus exists regarding the ideal repair technique. Cortical button fixation is a secure method for tendon repair that has not been studied in patellar tendons. Hypothesis: Cortical button repair is biomechanically superior to the standard transpatellar repair and biomechanically equivalent to suture anchor repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-three fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were used to compare 3 techniques of patellar tendon repair after a simulated rupture at the inferior pole of the patella. Repairs were performed at 45° of flexion using a standard transpatellar suture repair (n = 7), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) suture anchor repair (n = 8), or cortical button repair (n = 8). All specimens were tested on a custom apparatus to simulate cyclic open kinetic chain quadriceps contraction from extension to 90o of flexion. Outcomes of gap formation up to 250 cycles, maximum load to failure, and mode of failure were evaluated. Results: Cortical button repair had significantly less gap formation than anchor repair after 1 cycle ( P < .001) and 20 cycles ( P < .01) and significantly less gap formation than suture repair from 1 to 250 cycles ( P < .05). Cortical button repair sustained significantly higher loads to failure than anchor repair and suture repair ( P < .001). All suture repairs failed through the suture. Anchor repairs failed at the suture-anchor eyelet interface (n = 4) or by anchor pullout (n = 3). Cortical button repairs either failed through the suture (n = 5), secondary failure of the patellar tendon (n = 2), or subsidence of the button through the anterior cortex of the patella (n = 1). Conclusion: Patellar tendon repair using cortical button fixation demonstrated mechanical advantages over suture repair and anchor repair in cadaveric specimens. Cortical button fixation showed less cyclic gap formation and withstood at least twice the load to failure of the construct. Clinical Relevance: The biomechanical superiority of cortical button fixation may impart clinical advantages in accelerating postoperative rehabilitation.
Multifunctional upconversion nanoparticles for targeted dual-modal imaging in rat glioma xenograft
Authors: Yang Lin , Shao Bin , Zhang Xiangtong , Cheng Qian , Lin Tie , Liu Enzhong 
Published: July 2016

Purpose Achieving a radiographic gross total resection in high-grade gliomas improves overall survival. Many technologies such as intraoperative microscope, intraoperative ultrasound, fluorescence imaging, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging have been applied to improve tumor resection. However, most commercial available magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents have limited permeability across the blood–brain barrier and are cleared rapidly from circulation. Fluorescence imaging discriminates tumor from normal tissue and provides a promising new strategy to maximize sage surgical resection of tumor. However, the penetration depth of fluorescence imaging is generally low. Materials and methods In this study, a new type of magnetite NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+,Li+@NaGdF4 (UCNPs) core-shell nanoparticles, coated with SiO2 and further functionalized with glioma and blood–brain barrier targeting motifs, was prepared for dual-modal in vivo upconversion imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Results The as-prepared multifunctional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs @SiO2-CX-Lf) were biocompatible, showed strong upconversion luminescence under excitation of 980 nm, and provided high signal-to-noise ratio in vivo. Moreover, UCNPs @SiO2-CX-Lf nanoparticles showed a high relaxivity of 1.25 S-1 mM-1 and were successfully applied as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging in tumor xenograft rat model with prolonged tumor signal enhancement. In vivo and magnetic resonance imaging Upconversion Luminescence (UCL) imaging results indicated that these particles can across the blood–brain barrier, bind to glioma, gave bright UCL signal and T1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast. Conclusions Targeted UCL and magnetic resonance imaging dual-modal in vivo imaging using Yb3+/Er3+/Li+ codoped NaGdF4 core-shell nanostructure can serve as a platform technology for the next generation of intraoperative probes for image-guided tumor resection.
Reasons for Infant Feeding Decisions in Low-Income Families in Washington, DC
Authors: Oniwon Onize , Tender Jennifer A.F. , He Jianping , Voorhees Elyshe , Moon Rachel Y. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Breastfeeding rates for low-income, African American infants remain low. Objective: This study aimed to determine the barriers, support, and influences for infant feeding decisions among women enrolled in the Washington, DC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) after revisions in the WIC package to include more food vouchers for breastfeeding mothers and their infants and improvement of in-hospital breastfeeding support. Methods: We surveyed 100 women, using a 42-item verbally administered survey that asked about demographics, infant feeding method, and influences and support for feeding decisions. Results: The majority of participants (76%) initiated breastfeeding; 31% exclusively breastfed in the hospital. Participants were more likely to breastfeed if they had some college education, were unemployed or employed full-time, had only one child, and had been breastfed themselves as infants. Barriers to prolonged breastfeeding included limited support after hospital discharge, pain, and perceived insufficient milk supply. Participants in this study had higher breastfeeding initiation and in-hospital exclusivity rates after improvement of in-hospital breastfeeding support. Conclusion: Clients of WIC initiated breastfeeding at a high rate but either supplemented with formula or stopped breastfeeding for reasons that could be remedied by improved prenatal education, encouragement of exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital, and more outpatient support.
The Stillwater Complex, Montana – Overview and the significance of volatiles
Authors: Boudreau Alan E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe geology of the 2.7 Ga Stillwater Complex in South-Central Montana is reviewed with a focus on the role of volatiles in locally modifying both the crystallization sequence of the evolving parent magma and the initially precipitated solid assemblages to favour olivine ± chromite. A secondary origin for these two minerals is particularly probable for the olivine-bearing rocks of the Banded series and, at a minimum, also increasing their modal abundance in the Peridotite zone of the Ultramafic series. Direct evidence for volatiles includes the presence of high-temperature fluid inclusions in pegmatoids and hydrous melt inclusions (now crystallized) in chromite and olivine from both the Ultramafic and the Banded series rocks. Indirect evidence includes the boninitic character of the parent magma, the presence of volatile-bearing minerals including high-temperature carbonates, rock textures, and Cl / F variations in apatite. Mechanisms which favour the formation of olivine (± chromite) over pyroxene include volatile phase boundary shifts induced by added H2O, incongruent melting of pyroxene by hydration of a partly-molten mush, and the near- to sub-solidus replacement of pyroxene by olivine and chromite by silica-undersaturated fluids. These mechanisms cast doubt that magmas with different liquid lines of descent were involved in the crystallization of the Stillwater Complex. A dry Stillwater magma would have been mineralogically and modally much less varied and lacking in high-grade platinum-group element and chromium deposits.