bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison between Evidence-Generated Transtibial Sockets and Conventional Computer-Aided Designs, from the Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Mbithi Florence , Donovan-Hall Maggie , Bramley Jenny , Steer Joshua , Rossides Charalambos , Worsley Peter , Ostler Chantel , Metcalf Cheryl , Hannett Dominic , Ward Caroline , Kitchen Jack , Steventon Sioned , McIntosh Katy , Guo Shigong , Harvey Helen , Slater David Henderson , Kolli Vijay , Dickinson Alex 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivePersonalised prosthetic socket design depends upon skilled prosthetists who aim to balance functional human-prosthesis coupling with safe, comfortable load transmission to skin and soft tissues. This study’s objective was to assess the comfort of sockets generated from past computer aided socket design records.DesignA crossover non-inferiority trial with embedded qualitative interview study.SettingThree United Kingdom National Health Service clinics.ParticipantsSeventeen people with nineteen transtibial amputations.InterventionEvidence-Generated sockets and conventional clinician-led computer aided (Control) designsMain MeasuresSocket Comfort Score and semi-structured interview.ResultsEvidence-Generated sockets had no statistically-significant difference in comfort compared to clinician-led Control sockets (p=0.38, effect size=0.08), but a lower socket comfort score variability across the group. Analysis of interviews revealed themes around fitting session experiences, similarities and differences between the Evidence-Generated and Control sockets, and residual limb factors impacting perceptions of socket comfort. These provided insights into the participants’ experience of the study and the value of expert prosthetist input in socket design.ConclusionsEvidence-Generated sockets demonstrated noninferiority to conventional clinical computer aided design practice in terms of socket comfort. Both quantitative and qualitative results indicated how clinician input remains essential and is valued by prosthesis users. Work is underway to incorporate the evidence-generated sockets into computer aided design software such that they can act as a digital starting point for modification by expert clinicians at fitting, potentially reducing time spent on basic design, enabling prosthetists to focus on more highly-skilled customisation and co-design with their patients.
Employment Trajectories During the Menopause Transition: Experiences of Women with Early and Surgical Menopause
Authors: Peycheva Darina , Wielgoszewska Bozena , Zaninotto Paola , Steptoe Andrew , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the labour market trajectories of women experiencing early and surgical menopause over a 10-year period surrounding their final menstruation or surgery, representing for most women the menopause transition. We also investigate the potential mediating role of hormone therapy (HT) in early postmenopause (within 5 years of menopause onset or surgery) in these relationships. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), we employ sequence and cluster analysis, followed by mediation analysis. Our findings indicate that women with early menopause, compared to those who undergo menopause at 45 or older, are less likely to have flexible working arrangements (part-time work or self-employment) compared to full-time work during this sensitive period. However, they are equally likely to exit the labour market as to work full-time, indicating distinct experiences. Surgical menopause, compared to natural menopause, is associated with an increased risk of labour market exit, particularly for women aged 45 or older at the time of surgery, potentially due to higher comorbidities and increased age-related precarity. HT use appears to mitigate the risk of labour market exit for women with both early and surgical menopause, although other factors (e.g., health) may play a more significant role in this transition out of work. We advocate for further research on the impact of early and surgical menopause on women’s labour market circumstances and for workplace policies that consider the diverse experiences of women with early and surgical menopause, including their increased risk of chronic conditions.
Effectiveness of Therapies Treating Sensory Processing Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Orgel Joshua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of children being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder has risen dramatically over recent years. Many of those children suffer from sensory processing disorders (SPD). There is no standardized treatment for this disorder and the therapies available have produced confusing and conflicting results. A search was performed for relevant studies and systematic review articles that researched treatment in this area. Data was extracted and analyzed and then organized with summary conclusions of each paper. Qualitative notes were gathered on the studies and the results of the studies were compared and contrasted. Sensory integration therapy has been shown to produce significant results and most of the conflicting data can be explained scientifically. Research is still required for the duration frequency and rate of therapy. Reviews of other therapies to treat SPD have not shown enough evidence of significant positive outcomes to be recommended.Purpose StatementThe purpose of this paper is to gather and analyze research regarding therapies for Sensory Processing Disorder in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This review aims to determine the evidence of such therapies and to inform and educate practitioners regarding outcomes in their use to treat this disorder.
Subtyping First-Episode Psychosis based on Longitudinal Symptom Trajectories Using Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Yanan , Jalali Sara , Joober Ridha , Lepage Martin , Iyer Srividya , Shah Jai , Benrimoh David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClinical course after first episode psychosis (FEP) is heterogeneous. Subgrouping longitudinal symptom trajectories after FEP would be useful for developing personalized treatment approaches, and being able to predict these trajectories at baseline would facilitate individual-level treatment planning. We utilized k-means clustering to identify distinct clusters of 411 FEP patients based on longitudinal positive and negative symptom patterns. Ridge logistic regression was then used to identify predictors of cluster membership using baseline data. Three clusters were identified, demonstrating unique demographic, clinical and treatment response profiles. Cluster 1 exhibits lower positive and negative symptoms (LS), lower antipsychotic dose, and relatively higher affective psychosis; Cluster 2 shows lower positive symptoms, persistent negative symptoms (LPPN), and intermediate antipsychotic doses; Cluster 3 presents persistently high levels of both positive and negative symptoms (PPNS), as well as higher antipsychotic doses. We effectively predicted patients’ cluster membership (AUC of 0.74). The most important predictive features included contrasting trends of apathy, affective flattening, and anhedonia for the LS and LPPN clusters. Global hallucination severity, positive thought disorder and manic hostility predicted PPNS. These results help parse the heterogeneity of FEP trajectories and may facilitate the development of personalized treatment approaches tailored to cluster characteristics.
A Two-step Bayesian Mendelian Randomization Study on Cholecystitis and Dermatitis
Authors: Zhao Chenyu , Cen Changqian , Zhang Ruihan , He Wenjin , Jiao Yiyang , Chen Zhuoya , Wu Zhaoqi , Luan Ting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCholecystitis is an inflammatory disease involving the gallbladder, often associated with digestive disorders and systemic immune response. This systemic immune response could potentially influence the immune status of the skin, particularly in conditions like dermatitis. Despite extensive research on dermatitis, the causal relationship between cholecystitis and dermatitis subtypes (DSs) remains unclear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between cholecystitis and DSs.MethodsTwo-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to analyze the causal relationship between cholecystitis and DSs. We then utilized the Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization (BWMR) method to validate our findings and applied bidirectional MR analysis to confirm the causal direction. After establishing the associations between traits, we delved into the underlying mechanisms of this interesting finding. Subsequently, we used 91 inflammatory proteins as mediators and performed summary data-based mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis to further investigate the pathogenesis of DSs.ResultsMR results evidently showed that cholecystitis can significantly reduce the risk of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) (IVW, OR=0.8834, p=0.0368) and exfoliative dermatitis (ED) (IVW, OR=0.5738, p=0.0126). BWMR also provided secondary validation of the casual associations. In the subsequent reverse direction MR analyses, reverse causality was not present, so cholecystitis had a unidirectional effect and existed as a protective factor for ACD and ED. Interestingly, cholecystitis appears to lower the risk of ACD and ED by downregulating IL-6, IL-7, and IFN-γ. Additionally, the genes HCG27 and HLA-DRB5 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ACD.ConclusionThis study used a two-step MR analysis of genetic summary data to investigate to what extent inflammatory proteins impact the protective role of cholecystitis on dermatitis. We also identified several proteins and genes that could serve as potential drug targets.Graphical abstract
Cap-independent translation directs stress-induced differentiation of the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Dey Vishakha , Holmes Michael J. , Bastos Matheus S. , Wek Ronald C. , Sullivan William J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTranslational control mechanisms modulate microbial latency of eukaryotic pathogens, enabling them to evade immunity and drug treatments. The protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiipersists in hosts by differentiating from proliferative tachyzoites to latent bradyzoites, which are housed inside tissue cysts. Transcriptional changes facilitating bradyzoite conversion are mediated by a Myb domain transcription factor called BFD1, whose mRNA is present in tachyzoites but not translated into protein until stress is applied to induce differentiation. We addressed the mechanisms by which translational control drives BFD1 synthesis in response to stress-induced parasite differentiation. Using biochemical and molecular approaches, we show that the 5’-leader ofBFD1mRNA is sufficient for preferential translation upon stress. The translational control ofBFD1mRNA is maintained when ribosome assembly near its 5’-cap is impaired by insertion of a 5’-proximal stem-loop and upon knockdown of theToxoplasmacap-binding protein, eIF4E1. Moreover, we show that atrans-acting RNA-binding protein called BFD2/ROCY1 is necessary for cap-independent translation ofBFD1through its binding to the 5’-leader. Translation ofBFD2mRNA is also suggested to be preferentially induced under stress, but by a cap-dependent mechanism. These results show that translational control and differentiation inToxoplasmaproceed through cap-independent mechanisms in addition to canonical cap-dependent translation. Our identification of cap-independent translation in protozoa underscores the antiquity of this mode of gene regulation in cellular evolution and its central role in stress-induced life-cycle events.
Optical Neuroimage Studio (OptiNiSt): intuitive, scalable, extendable framework for optical neuroimage data analysis
Authors: Yamane Yukako , Li Yuzhe , Matsumoto Keita , Kanai Ryota , Desforges Miles , Gutierrez Carlos Enrique , Doya Kenji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvancements in calcium indicators and optical techniques have made optical neural recording a common tool in neuroscience. As the volume of optical neural recording data grows, streamlining the data analysis pipelines for image preprocessing, signal extraction, and subsequent neural activity analyses becomes essential. There are a number of challenges in optical neural data analysis. 1) The quality of original and processed data needs to be carefully examined at each step. 2) As there are numerous image preprocessing, cell extraction, and activity analysis algorithms, each with pros and cons, experimenters need to implement or install them to compare and select optimal methods and parameters for each step of processing. 3) To ensure the reproducibility of the research, each analysis step needs to be recorded in a systematic way. 4) For data sharing and meta-analyses, adoption of standard data formats and processing protocols is required. To address these challenges, we developed Optical Neuroimage Studio (OptiNiSt) (https://github.com/oist/optinist), a framework for intuitively creating calcium data analysis pipelines that are scalable, extendable, and reproducible. OptiNiSt includes the following features. 1) Researchers can easily create analysis pipelines by selecting multiple processing modules, tuning their parameters, and visualizing the results at each step through a graphic user interface in a web browser. 2) In addition to common analytical tools that are pre-installed, new analysis algorithms in Python can be easily added. 3) Once a processing pipeline is designed, the entire workflow with its modules and parameters are stored in a YAML file, which makes the pipeline reproducible and deployable on high-performance computing clusters. 4) OptiNiSt can read image data in a variety of file formats and store the analysis results in NWB (Neurodata Without Borders), a standard data format for data sharing. We expect that this framework will be helpful in standardizing optical neural data analysis protocols.
Leveraging large language models for systematic reviewing: A case study using HIV medication adherence research
Authors: Lessani M. Naser , Li Zhenlong , Qiao Shan , Ning Huan , Aggarwal Abhishek , Yuan Guangzhe (Frank) , Pasha Atena , Stirratt Michael , Scott-Sheldon Lori A. J. 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe rapidly accumulating scientific literature in HIV presents a significant challenge in accurately and efficiently assessing the relevant literature. This study explores the potential capabilities of using large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, for selecting relevant studies for a systematic review.MethodScientific papers were initially obtained from bibliographic database searches using a Boolean search strategy with pre-defined keywords. From 15,839 unique records, three reviewers manually identified 39 relevant papers based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the ChatGPT experiment, over 10% of records were randomly chosen as the experimental dataset, including the 39 manually identified manuscripts. These unique records (n=1,680) underwent screening via ChatGPT-4 using the same prespecified criteria. Four strategies were employed including standard prompting, i.e., input-output (IO), chain of thought with zero-shot learning (0-CoT), CoT with few-shot learning (FS-CoT), and Majority Voting (which integrates all three promoting strategies). Performance of the models were assessed using recall, F-score, and precision measures.ResultsRecall scores (% of true abstracts successfully identified and retrieved by the model from all input data/records) for different ChatGPT configurations were 0.82 (IO), 0.97 (0-CoT), and both the FS-CoT and the Majority Voting prompts achieved a recall score of 1.0. F-scores were 0.34 (IO), 0.29 (0-CoT), 0.39 (FS-CoT), and 0.46 (majority voting). Precision measures were 0.22(IO), 0.17(0-CoT), 0.24(FS-CoT), and 0.30 (Majority Voting). Computational time varied with 2.32, 4.55, 6.44, and 13.30 hours for IO, 0-CoT, FS-CoT, and majority voting,respectively. Processing costs for the 1,680 unique records were approximately $63, $73, $186, and $325, respectively.ConclusionLLMs, like ChatGPT, are viable for systematic reviews, efficiently identifying studies meeting pre-specified criteria. Greater efficacy was observed when a more sophisticated prompt design was employed, integrating IO, 0-CoT and FS-CoT prompt techniques (i.e., majority voting). LLMs can expedite the study selection process in systematic reviews compared to manual methods, with minimal cost implications.
Genomic recombination of rapidly evolving mpox Ib strains compounds the challenges of the 2024 outbreak
Authors: Yeh Ting-Yu , Feehley Patrick J. , Feeley Michael C. , Chen Chieh-Fan , Tsai Tung-Yuan , Cheng Hsiang-Lan , Contreras Gregory P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization recently declared the 2024 mpox virus (MPXV Ib) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. We report that in 2023-2024, MPXV clade Ib genomes are diverging at a faster rate than clade IIb (2022), primarily due to an unusually high incidence of recombination. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ib strains have diverged into four lineages, and they have evolved into 14 subgroups based on nine tandem repeat (TR) polymorphisms. These findings confirms that TRs in MPXV Ib are mutating at a significantly higher frequency compared to the 2022 outbreak (clade IIb, 11 subgroups). Linkage disequilibrium analysis also identified 10 recombination clusters among all 4 lineages, with recombination incidence in Ib being twice as high as in IIb. This suggests that a higher rate of superinfection is contributing to ongoing recombination among populations infected with clade Ib. Prompt action is necessary to prevent the emergence of more lethal mpox strains.
FUS controls muscle differentiation and structure through LLPS mediated recruitment of MEF2 and ETV5
Authors: Picchiarelli Gina , Wienand Anne , Megat Salim , Aly Amr , Been Marije , Mishra Nibha , Hutten Saskia , Sternburg Erin , Cauchy Pierre , Dieterle Stéphane , Catinozzi Marica , Demais Valérie , Tzeplaeff Laura , Huebers Annemarie , Zeuschner Dagmar , Rosenbohm Angela , Ludolph Albert C. , Boutillier Anne-Laurence , Boeckers Tobias , Dormann Dorothee , Demestre Maria , Sellier Chantal , Lagier-Tourenne Clotilde , Storkebaum Erik , Dupuis Luc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFUS is an RNA binding protein mutated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness. We show that ALS-associatedFUSmutations lead to ultrastructural defects in muscle ofFUS-ALS patients, with disruption of sarcomeres and mitochondria. Studies in mouse andDrosophilamodels demonstrate an evolutionary-conserved cell autonomous function of FUS in muscle development. Mechanistically, FUS is required for transcription of MEF2 dependent genes, binds to the promoter of genes bound by ETS transcription factors in particular ETV5 and co-activates transcription of MEF2 dependent genes with ETV5. FUS phase separates with ETV5 and MEF2A, and MEF2A binding to FUS is potentiated by ETV5. Last,Etv5haploinsufficiency exacerbates muscle weakness in a mouse model ofFUS-ALS. These findings establish FUS as an essential protein for skeletal muscle structure through its phase separation-dependent recruitment of ETV5 and MEF2, defining a novel pathway compromised inFUS-ALS.
Optogenetic stimulation of dorsal striatum bidirectionally controls seizures
Authors: Hyder Safwan K. , Lazarini-Lopes Willian , Toib Jonathan , Williams Gabrielle , Sukharev Alex , Forcelli Patrick A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEngagement of the striatum (caudate/putamen) and other basal ganglia nuclei during seizures was first observed over 75 years ago. Basal ganglia output nuclei, and the substantia nigra pars reticulata, in particular, have well-established anti-seizure effects across a large array of experimental models. However, striatal control of seizures is understudied. To address this gap, we used optogenetic approaches to activate and inactivate neurons in the dorsal striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) model of absence epilepsy, amygdala kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy, and pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus (SE). All tests were performed on a within-subject basis. Animals were tested in two different light frequencies (5 Hz and 100 Hz). Open-loop (continuous light delivery) optogenetic activation of the dorsal striatal neurons robustly suppressed seizures in all models. On the other hand, optogenetic silencing of the dorsal striatal neurons increased absence seizure expression and facilitated SE onset but had no effect on kindled limbic seizures. In the GBL model, we also verified if the closed- loop strategy (light delivery in response to seizure detection) would be enough to induce antiseizure effects. On-demand light delivery in ChR2-expressing animals reduced SWD duration, while the same approach in ArchT-expressing animals increased SWD duration. These results demonstrated previously unrecognized anti-absence effects associated with striatal continuous and on-demand neuromodulation. Together, these findings document a robust, bidirectional role of the dorsal striatum in the control of seizure generation and propagation in a variety of seizure models, including focal seizure onset and generalized seizures.
Laser-assisted deuterium-tritium fusion: A quantum dynamical model
Authors: Thomson N. , Moschini L. , Diaz-Torres A. 
Published: September 2024

Deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion is a key to generating safe, clean, and limitless energy on Earth in future fusion power plants. Its understanding at low collision energies is incomplete, as D-T fusion is a quantum tunneling process affected by resonances whose origin is linked to properties of not fully understood nuclear forces. Simplified quantum dynamical calculations of laser-assisted D-T fusion are presented, suggesting that laser-nucleus interaction can enhance the average D-T fusion probability by 7–70% at deep subbarrier energies using laser fields of intensity 1027–1029 Wcm−2 and a photon energy of 1 eV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exploring tourist preferences for local food: a Best-Worst Scaling analysis and market segmentation approach
Authors: Tiganis Antonios , Chrysochou Polymeros 
Published: September 2024

PurposeLocal food impacts tourist satisfaction and drives the choice of a tourist destination. However, it is not clear which attributes of local food products drive tourists’ preferences. More specifically, little is known about potential segments in the tourist market. Acknowledging consumers’ divergent inclinations, we explore tourist preferences toward local food attributes through a market segmentation approach.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Best-Worst Scaling method to examine the preferences of 311 tourists for attributes of local food products that are known to affect their choices. We employ a Latent Class Analysis to identify market segments with distinct preferences.FindingsResults indicate that tourists prioritize taste, quality, authenticity, healthiness, connection to local culture and tradition and environmental friendliness over price, appearance, enhancement of local economy, availability and packaging. We further identify three segments: Sensory Seekers, Cultural Experiencers, and Price Conscious. The largest segment, Sensory Seekers, is driven by taste and quality attributes, while Cultural Experiencers prioritize connection to local culture and authenticity. The Price Conscious segment places a greater emphasis on price than the other segments. Cultural Experiencers demonstrate the highest willingness to pay for local food products.Practical implicationsThe positioning of local products should target Cultural Experiencers. Agri-firms and state agencies promoting a tourist destination internationally can also use the connection to local culture and authenticity in their marketing campaigns.Originality/valueOur research contributes to food marketing literature by showing which local food attributes drive tourist preferences. Moreover, we uncover unobservable heterogeneous preferences among tourists.