bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vowel Height Allophony and Dorsal Place Contrasts in Cochabamba Quechua
Authors: Gallagher Gillian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on the results of two studies investigating the role of allophony in cueing phonemic contrasts. In Cochabamba Quechua, the uvularvelar place distinction is often cued by additional differences in the height of the surrounding vowels. An acoustic study documents the lowering effect of a preceding tautomorphemic or a following heteromorphemic uvular on the high vowels /i u/. A discrimination study finds that vowel height is a significant cue to the velar-uvular place contrast. These findings support a view of contrasts as collections of distinguishing properties, as opposed to oppositions in a single distinctive feature.
The Korean Prevocalic Palatal Glide: A Comparison with the Russian Glide and Palatalization
Authors: Suh Yunju , Hwang Jiwon 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Phonetic studies of the Korean prevocalic glides have often suggested that they are shorter in duration than those of languages like English, and lack a prolonged steady state. In addition, the formant frequencies of the Korean labiovelar glide are reported to be greatly influenced by the following vowel. In this study the Korean prevocalic palatal glide is investigated vis-à-vis the two phonologically similar configurations of another language - the glide /j/ and the secondary palatalization of Russian, with regard to the inherent duration of the glide component, F2 trajectory, vowel-to-glide coarticulation and glide-to-vowel coarticulation. It is revealed that the Korean palatal glide is closer to the Russian palatalization in duration and F2 trajectory, indicating a lack of steady state, and to the Russian segmental glide in the vowel-to-glide coarticulation degree. When the glide-to-vowel coarticulation is considered, the Korean palatal glide is distinguished from both Russian categories. The results suggest that both the Korean palatal glide and the Russian palatalization involve significant articulatory overlap, the former with the vowel and the latter with the consonant. Phonological implications of such a difference in coarticulation pattern are discussed, as well as the comparison between the Korean labiovelar and palatal glides.
Butterflies of the Rice Research Station and adjoining locality in Chinsurah, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mandal Somnath 
Published: May 2016

Chinsurah is a small town on the western bank of the Hugli River, a distributary of the river Ganges. A survey from November 2006 to June 2014 with photographic documentation on the butterfly community in Chinsurah revealed the presence of a total of 70 species representing 53 genera in five families; most dominant family was the Nymphalidae having 34.3% of the total species. Six species are legally protected; one species under Schedule I; three species under Schedule II; and two species under Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Rare species like Pareronia avator (Moore), Mahathala ameria (Hewitson) and Melanitis zitenius (Herbst) were recorded in this rapidly degrading habitat. This study may help in planning conservation strategies in urban areas and sustainable development as well.
Historical reanalysis in the Nakijin dialect noun accentuation system
Authors: Lawrence Wayne P. 
Published: May 2016

Whereas almost all Ryukyuan dialects with tonal contrasts are word-tone languages, the Nakijin dialect of Northern Okinawa is an accentual language, and this accent, in addition to being pronounced with a high tone in certain environments, interacts with a vowel lengthening process. Through comparison of the Okinawan dialect of Nakijin with the Amami dialect of Asama (Tokunoshima Island), which also has a productive vowel lengthening process, this paper reconstructs the prosodic system (pitch and vowel length) for underived nouns in Proto-Northern Ryukyuan, and shows how the accent developed in the Nakijin dialect. Alors que la plupart des dialectes ryukyu possédant des distinctions tonales sont des langues à tons lexicaux, le dialecte de Nakijin du nord d’Okinawa est une langue à accent, et cet accent, en plus d’être prononcé sous la forme d’un ton haut dans certains environnements, interagit avec un processus d’allongement vocalique. Par la comparaison du dialecte okinawaïen de Nakijin et du dialecte amami d’Asama (île de Tokuno­shima), qui a lui aussi un processus productif d’allongement vocalique, cet article reconstruit le système prosodique (mélodie et longueur vocalique) des noms non dérivés en proto-ryukyu du Nord et expose la manière dont l’accent s’est développé dans le dialecte de Nakijin.
Connecting high school dropouts to employment and education: an impact study of the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program
Authors: Millenky Megan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper presents findings from the multi-year, random assignment study of the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program (NGYCP), an intensive residential program for high school dropouts. The “second chance” program gives youth an opportunity to earn a high school credential and prepare to enter the workforce or continue on to post-secondary education. The NGCYP study sample includes 1173 youth, ages 16–18, from ten program sites across the USA. Positive impacts on employment and educational outcomes were sustained 3 years after entering the study, with some evidence of older participants benefiting more than younger participants. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

JEL codes: J1, I26
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: How Relevant in African Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy?
Authors: Essien Okon Ekwere , Bassey Iya Eze , Gali Rebecca Mtaku , Udoh Alphonsus Ekpe , Akpan Uwem Okon , Glen Enakirerhi E. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Cardiovascular disease risk factors have been associated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in white and Hispanic populations. It is therefore relevant to determine if there exists a relationship between these parameters in the African population. Patients and Methods The design of the study was cross sectional. Prostate-specific antigen concentration, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose level, and insulin level were determined in 153 patients with prostate cancer and 80 controls. The patients with prostate cancer were divided into subgroups of treatment-naïve patients and those receiving ADT. Results Mean total cholesterol ( P = .010), LDL cholesterol ( P = .021), BMI ( P = .001), and waist circumference ( P = .029) values were significantly higher in patients treated with ADT when compared with treatment-naïve patients. In patients treated with ADT for up to 1 year, only mean BMI was significantly higher than in treatment-naïve patients, whereas those treated with ADT for more than 1 year had significantly higher mean BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol values when compared with treatment-naïve patients. There were no significant differences in insulin or glucose levels. Those undergoing hormone manipulation after orchiectomy had fewer cardiovascular risk factors compared with those undergoing hormone manipulation alone. Conclusion This study shows that ADT results in elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, BMI, and waist circumference values, all of which are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be included in treatment plans for patients with prostate cancer.
Learning Networks: an Alternative to Traditional Methods of Managing Organizational Change. What We Can Learn from the Experience of the National Society of French Railways
Authors: Пащенко-де Превиль  , Paschenko-de Prville E. , Отиссье  , Autisier David , Рэнар  , Raynard Thierry 
Published: May 2016

In an unstable economic environment, organizations and companies must constantly adapt and innovate to
remain competitive. To innovate and develop its ability to adapt, the organization (company) must release
the power of the thoughts and actions of its employees, it must become a learning organization. Learning
networks are one of the forms of the learning organization and an alternative to traditional methods of
managing organizational change. Learning networks can be used while driving organizational change
and should involve the largest number of participants and introduce change whilst satisfying the needs
of customers, employees and the company. In this article, we will present the keys to operating learning
networks and some key results achieved through learning networks within the National Society of French
Railways, where these networks have been in use since 2007.
Reviews
Authors: Yorke Christopher , Beaton Belinda , Falconer Emily , Fernandez Jeff 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
GIFT AND ECONOMY: ETHICS, HOSPITALITY AND THE MARKET, ERIC R. SEVERSON (ED.) (2012) Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 220 pp., ISBN: 9781443833837, h/bk, £39.99
ALEHOUSES AND GOOD FELLOWSHIP IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND, MARK HAILWOOD (2014) Woodbridge: Boydell Press, x+253 pp., ISBN: 9781843839422, h/bk, £60
TOURISM AND CITIZENSHIP: RIGHTS FREEDOMS AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE GLOBAL ORDER, RAOUL V. BIANCHI AND MARCUS L. STEPHENSON (2014) Abingdon: Routledge, xiv + 279 pp., ISBN: 9780415707381, p/bk, £26.99
NATURALLY HEALTHY MEXICAN COOKING: AUTHENTIC RECIPES FOR DIETERS, DIABETICS AND ALL FOOD LOVERS, JIM PEYTON (2014) Austin, TX: University of Austin Press, 272 pp., ISBN: 9780292745490, p/bk, £24.95
Enabling Advanced CNC Programming with openNC Controllers for HSM Machines Tools
Authors: Hascoet Jean-Yves , Rauch Matthieu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe manufacturing area has benefited from various progresses over the last decades, such as High Speed Machining (HSM), but CNC programming is still based on dated practices and habits with a segmented unidirectional CAD/CAM/CNC data chain. Decision power is limited at the NC controller stage and online process optimization is difficult. In contrast, advanced programming approaches, such as STEP-NC [9], aim to unify the product/ process data within a consistent environment from design to machining. Hence, openNC controller solutions which allow access to their internal algorithms, have emerged. It is consequently possible to implement new tool path control algorithms that respond directly to the actual machining condition. This paper focuses on the interest of openNC controllers to develop advanced programming approaches forHSMprocesses. Themajor drawbacks of legacy controllers in the implementation of advanced tool path generation methods are discussed and the most significant openNC projects are reviewed. An integrated test platform has been developed. The advanced HSM programming methods enabled by this openNC controller are discussed.
Global noise score indicator for classroom
evaluation of acoustic performances in LIFE
GIOCONDA project
Authors: Chetoni Marco , Ascari Elena , Bianco Francesco , Fredianelli Luca , Licitra Gaetano , Cori Liliana 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The LIFE GIOCONDA is an ongoing project that
aims to provide an innovative methodology to the authorities
for supporting the environment & health policies by
involving the young people in the decision-making processes.
The project suggests a web platform able to relate
air and noise pollution data in the schools with the students’
pollution awareness. GIOCONDA aims to enhance
the awareness of students, teachers and local administrations
on the noise issues in schools, presenting suitable
tools to improve the public participative processes.
This paper presents a new method that has been developed
within the Project. It aims to evaluate the acoustic
performances of a classroom and to suggest the use of a
global indicator based on a group of acoustic parameters
compared with their limit values. Whit the new method
the comparison between different classrooms or different
schools becomes possible, together with a homogeneous
evaluation of the priority for planning noise mitigation actions.
Several noise measurement campaigns have been performed
to characterize the students’ exposure in eight Italian
schools. The results are useful to describe the acoustic
performances of classrooms.
Effect of the synthetic zeolite modification on its physicochemical and catalytic properties in the preparation of the catalysts effectively removing sulphur dioxide from exhaust gases
Authors: Marcewicz-Kuba Agnieszka 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This work presents the research results of the influence of modification deSONOx type catalyst of the sulfur dioxide emissions in the process of the hard coal combustion. The addition of zeolite catalysts modified by transition metal ions: V, Mg, activated by zinc sorbent with or without graphite addition caused the deeper burning of coal grains. The addition of the deSOx catalysts to the coal resulted in lowered sulphur dioxide emission. The addition of unmodified zeolite to coal during combustion reduced sulphur dioxide emission at about 5%. The modification of the support by both V and Mg reduced the amount of sulphur dioxide significantly. The obtained results of SO2 removal from exhaust gases were from 34.5% for Sip/Mg to 68.3% for Sip/V.
Voltage-Dependent Rhythmogenic Property of Respiratory Pre-Bötzinger Complex Glutamatergic, Dbx1-Derived, and Somatostatin-Expressing Neuron Populations Revealed by Graded Optogenetic Inhibition
Authors: Koizumi Hidehiko , Mosher Bryan , Tariq Mohammad F. , Zhang Ruli , Koshiya Naohiro , Smith Jeffrey C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe rhythm of breathing in mammals, originating within the brainstem pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC), is presumed to be generated by glutamatergic neurons, but this has not been directly demonstrated. Additionally, developmental expression of the transcription factor Dbx1 or expression of the neuropeptide somatostatin (Sst), has been proposed as a marker for the rhythmogenic pre-BötC glutamatergic neurons, but it is unknown whether these other two phenotypically defined neuronal populations are functionally equivalent to glutamatergic neurons with regard to rhythm generation. To address these problems, we comparatively investigated, by optogenetic approaches, the roles of pre-BötC glutamatergic, Dbx1-derived, and Sst-expressing neurons in respiratory rhythm generation in neonatal transgenic mouse medullary slicesin vitroand also more intact adult perfused brainstem-spinal cord preparationsin situ. We established three different triple-transgenic mouse lines with Cre-driven Archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) expression selectively in glutamatergic, Dbx1-derived, or Sst-expressing neurons for targeted photoinhibition. In each line, we identified subpopulations of rhythmically active, Arch-expressing pre-BötC inspiratory neurons by whole-cell recordings in medullary slice preparationsin vitro, and established that Arch-mediated hyperpolarization of these inspiratory neurons was laser power dependent with equal efficacy. By site- and population-specific graded photoinhibition, we then demonstrated that inspiratory frequency was reduced by each population with the same neuronal voltage-dependent frequency control mechanism in each state of the respiratory network examined. We infer that enough of the rhythmogenic pre-BötC glutamatergic neurons also have the Dbx1 and Sst expression phenotypes, and thus all three phenotypes share the same voltage-dependent frequency control property.
NMDA Receptors on Dopaminoceptive Neurons Are Essential for Drug-Induced Conditioned Place Preference
Authors: Sikora Magdalena , Tokarski Krzysztof , Bobula Bartosz , Zajdel Joanna , Jastrzębska Kamila , Cieślak Przemysław Eligiusz , Zygmunt Magdalena , Sowa Joanna , Smutek Magdalena , Kamińska Katarzyna , Gołembiowska Krystyna , Engblom David , Hess Grzegorz , Przewlocki Ryszard , Rodriguez Parkitna Jan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPlasticity of the brain’s dopamine system plays a crucial role in adaptive behavior by regulating appetitive motivation and the control of reinforcement learning. In this study, we investigated drug- and natural-reward conditioned behaviors in a mouse model in which the NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity of dopaminoceptive neurons was disrupted. We generated a transgenic mouse line with inducible selective inactivation of the NR1 subunit in neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors (the NR1D1CreERT2mice). Whole-cell recordings of spontaneous EPSCs on neurons in the nucleus accumbens confirmed that a population of neurons lacked the NMDA receptor-dependent component of the current. This effect was accompanied by impaired long-term potentiation in the nucleus accumbens and in the CA1 area of the ventral, but not the dorsal, hippocampus. Mutant mice did not differ from control animals when tested for pavlovian or instrumental conditioning. However, NR1D1CreERT2mice acquired no preference for a context associated with administration of drugs of abuse. In the conditioned place preference paradigm, mutant mice did not spend more time in the context paired with cocaine, morphine, or ethanol, although these mice acquired a preference for sucrose jelly and an aversion to naloxone injections, as normal. Thus, we observed that the selective inducible ablation of the NMDA receptors specifically blocks drug-associated context memory with no effect on positive reinforcement in general.
Nonautonomous Roles of MAB-5/Hox and the Secreted Basement Membrane Molecule SPON-1/F-Spondin in Caenorhabditis elegans Neuronal Migration
Authors: Josephson Matthew P , Miltner Adam M , Lundquist Erik A 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Nervous system development and circuit formation requires neurons to migrate from their birthplaces to specific destinations.Migrating neurons detect extracellular cues that provide guidance information. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the Q right (QR) and Q left (QL) neuroblast descendants migrate long distances in opposite directions. The Hox gene lin-39 cell autonomously promotes anterior QR descendant migration, and mab-5/Hox cell autonomously promotes posterior QL descendant migration. Here we describe a nonautonomous role of mab-5 in regulating both QR and QL descendant migrations, a role masked by redundancy with lin-39. A third Hox gene, egl-5/Abdominal-B, also likely nonautonomously regulates Q descendant migrations. In the lin-39mab-5egl-5 triple mutant, little if any QR and QL descendant migration occurs. In addition to well-described roles of lin-39 and mab-5 in the Q descendants, our results suggest that lin-39, mab-5, and egl-5 might also pattern the posterior region of the animal for Q descendant migration. Previous studies showed that the spon-1 gene might be a target of MAB-5 in Q descendant migration. spon-1 encodes a secreted basement membrane molecule similar to vertebrate F-spondin. Here we show that spon-1 acts nonautonomously to control Q descendant migration, and might function as a permissive rather than instructive signal for cell migration. We find that increased levels of MAB-5 in body wall muscle (BWM) can drive the spon-1 promoter adjacent to the Q cells, and loss of spon-1 suppresses mab-5 gain of function. Thus, MAB-5 might nonautonomously control Q descendant migrations by patterning the posterior region of the animal to which Q cells respond. spon-1 expression from BWMs might be part of the posterior patterning necessary for directed Q descendant migration.
La militarización, un obstáculo para la gobernanza democrática de la seguridad en México
Authors: Morales Rosas Sabina , Pérez Ricart Carlos A. 
Published: May 2016

<p>La bibliografía especializada coincide en que la evolución de la política de seguridad en México corresponde a un proceso de militarización. De un lado, este proceso se ha caracterizado por la reconstitución de las instituciones y organizaciones militares en ejes centrales de la política de seguridad, y de otro, por la adopción de lógicas y prácticas castrenses por los actores e instituciones civiles. En este artículo analizamos el caso de México desde una noción de militarización inspirada en los conceptos de campo organizacional y cambio isomorfo del nuevo institucionalismo sociológico. Esta aproximación teórica<br />permite integrar las transformaciones mencionadas, como procesos interdependientes, en una reconfiguración general del campo organizacional de la seguridad en México. Un proceso en el que las organizaciones e instituciones civiles involucradas sufren procesos de cambio isomorfo, relacionados con la constitución de las Fuerzas Armadas como actor<br />hegemónico y que como parte de la reorientación de tipo castrense de los componentes civiles del campo, los componentes militares también cambian. Derivado del análisis del caso, discutimos la manera en que las modificaciones de los actores civiles y militares constriñen su capacidad para proponer e instrumentar acciones que reorienten el campo<br />hacia esquemas democráticos. En este artículo identificamos cuatro obstáculos, tanto institucionales como simbólicos, para la gobernanza democrática de la seguridad en México:<br />a) cesión del control civil, b) relaciones jerárquicas entre los actores hegemónicos y periféricos del campo, c) una organización centralizada del campo y d) la acción totalizante de una legitimidad centrada en la retórica de la eficiencia militar. Argumentamos que estos cuatro elementos, junto con la escalada de violencia e impunidad frente a la violación<br />sistemática de los derechos humanos, así como la progresiva retirada del Estado mexicano de sus funciones sociales, contribuyen a consolidar la trayectoria de la militarización del<br />campo de la seguridad en México, lo que disminuye cada vez más la probabilidad de su reorientación democrática.</p>
Desigualdades sociales, ¿inequidades espaciales? Análisis de la segregación sociorracial en Bogotá (2005-2011)
Authors: Villamizar Santamaría Sebastián F. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Bogotá es una ciudad segregada socioeconómicamente, pero poco se sabe sobre la influencia de la raza en este proceso. Este artículo pretende explorar esta relación utilizando un análisis espacial con datos del censo del 2005. A pesar de que Bogotá tiene una proporción baja de población afrocolombiana, esta última presenta índices de vulnerabilidad ligeramente más altos que los de la población blanca/mestiza en la capital. La valoración de vulnerabilidad se basa en indicadores como la educación del jefe de hogar, el grado de privación alimentaria, la deserción escolar y el desempleo juvenil, entre otras variables. Además, Bogotá presenta indicios de tener un patrón de segregación residencial según la<br />raza, dado que hay algunos conglomerados de población negra al sur, al noroccidente y en el centro de Bogotá. Este patrón se combina con el efecto de la segregación que se deriva<br />de la clase, en el que hay un eje de distribución norte-sur con una amplia variación en el centro y occidente. La combinación de la situación socioeconómica con las desigualdades raciales hace que Bogotá tenga un patrón particular de segregación, en el que pareciera que la clase tiene un poco más de influencia que la raza. Dicho de otro modo, hay una alta probabilidad de que una persona afrodescendiente presente condiciones de vida similares a las de sus vecinos blancos-mestizos que a las de otra persona negra que reside<br />en un barrio perteneciente a una clase social distinta. No obstante, la población afro se encuentra en una desventaja mucho mayor que la blanca/mestiza en relación con el acceso potencial a bienes públicos como comedores comunitarios y colegios oficiales y privados. En otras palabras, la distribución espacial de estos bienes públicos en la ciudad no es completamente equitativa, lo que lleva a que los barrios donde hay mayor población negra no tengan una oferta significativa de dichos bienes. Así, esta investigación concluye que se deben usar tanto los lentes de clase como de raza para entender mejor las desigualdades en la justicia espacial de la ciudad.</p>