bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating uniparental and biparental breeding strategies by monitoring nest temperature
Authors: Moreau Jérôme , Perroud Lucie , Bollache Loïc , Yannic Glenn , Teixeira Maria , Schmidt Niels Martin , Reneerkens Jeroen , Gilg Olivier 
Published: July 2017

Birds exhibit a wide diversity of breeding strategies. During incubation or chick‐rearing, parental care can be either uniparental, by either the male or the female, or biparental. Understanding the selective pressures that drive these different strategies represents an exciting challenge for ecologists. In this context, assigning the type of parental care at the nest (e.g. biparental or uniparental incubation strategy) is often a prerequisite to answering questions in evolutionary ecology. The aim of this study was to produce a standardized method unequivocally to assign an incubation strategy to any Sanderling Calidris alba nest found in the field by monitoring nest temperature profiles. Using drops of >3 °C in nest temperature (recorded with thermistors) to distinguish incubation and recess periods, we showed that the number of recesses and the total duration of these recesses from 09:00 to 17:00 h UTC allowed us reliably (99.1% after 24 h and 100% when monitoring the nest for at least 4 days) to assign the incubation strategy at the nest for 21 breeding adults (14 nests). Monitoring nest temperature for at least 24 h is an effective method to assign an incubation strategy without having to re‐visit nests, thereby saving time in the field and minimizing both disturbance and related increase in predation risk of clutches. Given the advantages of our method, we suggest that it should be used more widely in studies that aim to document incubation strategies and patterns in regions where ambient temperatures are at least 3 °C below the median nest temperature.
Identification of the prothoracicotropic hormone (Ptth) coding gene and localization of its site of expression in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Barberà M. , Martínez‐Torres D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInsect hormones control essential aspects of physiology, behaviour and development in insects. The majority of insect hormones are peptide hormones that perform a highly diverse catalogue of functions. Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is a brain neuropeptide hormone whose main function is to stimulate the secretion of ecdysone (the moulting hormone) by the prothoracic glands in insect larvae thus playing a key role in the control of moulting and metamorphosis. Moreover, both PTTH release or blockade have been reported to act as a switch to terminate or initiate larval and pupal diapauses. In insects, diapause is a prevalent response often regulated by the photoperiod. It has been shown that PTTH participates as an output of the circadian clock and a role in photoperiodic processes is suggested in some insect species. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reproduce by cyclical parthenogenesis with a sexual phase, induced by short photoperiods, that leads to the production of diapausing eggs. With the availability of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) genome, efforts to identify and characterize genes relevant to essential aspects of aphid biology have multiplied. In spite of its relevance, several genomic and transcriptomic studies on aphid neuropeptides failed to detect aphid PTTH amongst them. Here we report on the first identification of the aphid PTTH coding gene and the neuroanatomical localization of its expression in the aphid brain.
Ayurvedic plumbism
Authors: Sadler Matthew , Bell Sarah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAyurveda is a traditional medicine native to India but is used in many parts of the world as an alternative or adjunct to standard medicine. Preparation can involve incorporation of heavy metals, including lead. We report the case of a 64‐year‐old man presenting with malaise, abdominal pain, anaemia and very high lead levels. He was found to be taking ayurvedic medicines to help his diabetic control. Analysis of the ayurvedic medications showed several with very high lead content. Following treatment with an oral chelating agent, the patient's symptoms and blood abnormalities resolved. This case highlights the need to be aware of potentially toxic alternative medications patients take and the efficacy of oral treatment choices in lead poisoning.
Effects of low temperature cooking methods and holding times on selected quality attributes of cooked pork longissimus dorsi
Authors: Li He , Sun Da‐Wen , Han Zhong , Yu Xu‐Cong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article studied the effects of different cooking methods (water bath, steam, and microwave environments) and holding times ranging from 0 to 9 min on selected quality attributes including cooking loss, Warner‐Bratzler shear force, and water‐holding capacity of cooked pork loin meats. Results indicated that increasing holding time caused the shear force value to increase, then decrease, and then increase again. The minimum shear force value for steam and microwave cooking environments at 75 °C was found at the holding time of 5 and 7 min, respectively. The cooking loss was increased with increasing cooking time, and less amount of cooking loss was achieved by inverter microwave oven and steam stove. This investigation might serve as a proof‐of‐concept study showing that low temperature cooking can achieve nutritional cooking, and the current results suggested the possibility of cooking at low temperatures.Practical applicationsTenderness is one of the most important quality attributes of pork loin meat, which is significantly affected by different cooking methods and cooking duration. This study compared different low temperature cooking methods, including water bath, steam stove, electric steamer, nonvariable frequency microwave oven, and inverter microwave oven currently used in the catering industry, and results suggested that the inverter microwave oven and steam stove are a better cooking solution for maintaining more nutrients and better tenderness of the cooked meat products, and the inverter microwave oven can achieve rapid cooking. Therefore, the information available from this study is useful to the catering industry.
Effect of micro‐pattern topography on the attachment and survival of foodborne microorganisms on food contact surfaces
Authors: Lee Jaesung , Pascall Melvin A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the use of a nonchemical antimicrobial approach to limit the contamination and survival of foodborne bacteria on polymeric films. This was done by monitoring the difference between micropatterned topography films and regular (smooth) films for the attachment and survival of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua during drying, biofilm formation, and sanitization. Initial bacteria attachments and numbers of survivors on the micro‐pattern topography films were significantly lower in 3 hr short‐term drying tests. Contaminated buffer solution and a milk‐based medium at 10 and 23 °C, for 5 days, were used for the biofilm formation and sanitization tests. No significant differences in numbers of viable bacteria in the biofilms from the two test films were observed prior to cleaning and sanitizing. Viable cells were not detectable on the micro‐pattern topography films after the application of sanitizing solutions, while evidence of cell viability was seen on the smooth films.Practical applicationsThe overall results suggest that the attachment and survivability of foodborne bacteria on films can be inhibited by using physical modification of food contact surfaces. Development of the micro‐pattern materials can also be helpful to reduce the number of viable bacteria on food contact surfaces. This will delay the reformation of biofilms after sanitization.
The physiological role of the amyloid precursor protein as an adhesion molecule in the developing nervous system
Authors: Sosa Lucas J. , Cáceres Alfredo , Dupraz Sebastián , Oksdath Mariana , Quiroga Santiago , Lorenzo Alfredo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein better known for its participation in the physiopathology of Alzheimer disease as the source of the beta amyloid fragment. However, the physiological functions of the full length protein and its proteolytic fragments have remained elusive. APP was first described as a cell‐surface receptor; nevertheless, increasing evidence highlighted APP as a cell adhesion molecule. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge of the physiological role of APP as a cell adhesion molecule and its involvement in key events of neuronal development, such as migration, neurite outgrowth, growth cone pathfinding, and synaptogenesis. Finally, since APP is over‐expressed in Down syndrome individuals because of the extra copy of chromosome 21, in the last section of the review, we discuss the potential contribution of APP to the neuronal and synaptic defects described in this genetic condition.
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Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 9.Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13817.
Risk factors for the incidence of delirium in cerebrovascular patients in a Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit: A prospective study
Authors: Wang Jun , Ji Yuanyuan , Wang Ning , Chen Wenjin , Bao Yuehong , Qin Qinpu , Xiao Qian , Li Shulan 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the incidence of delirium in cerebrovascular patients admitted in our Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit and analyse the risk factors leading to delirium.BackgroundDelirium is one of the most common mental disorders in general hospitals, but the incidence of different kinds of diseases and studies varies. Cerebrovascular patients in our Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit are high‐risk groups for delirium; identifying risk factors for delirium and taking early interventions are crucial for patient prognosis.DesignA prospective study.MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to collect data from 128 patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, between May 2016–January 2017. Researchers used Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (Chinese version) to assess each patient's delirium statement twice a day at regular times. We also collected other independent data variables and followed up the short‐term clinical outcomes daily.ResultsOn the basis of Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit evaluation, patients were divided into a delirium group and a nondelirium group. The prevalence of delirium among the 128 patients was 42.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that severity of illness, fever, the use of physical restraints and sleep deprivation were independent predictors of delirium in cerebrovascular patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit.ConclusionsCerebrovascular patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit with a critical condition, fever or use of physical restraints or experiencing sleep deprivation were more prone to delirium.Relevance to clinical practiceCerebrovascular patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit showed a high incidence of delirium. There are many risk factors leading to delirium, some of which are independent predictors of intensive care delirium. Patients with delirium will suffer various adverse effects upon their short‐term clinical outcomes. Therefore, nurses should pay close attention to changes in a patient's mental state and learn about the risk factors associated with delirium, in order to be able to take early measures to prevent delirium.
Expertise in action: Insights into the dynamic nature of expertise in community‐based nursing
Authors: Dickson Caroline A.W. , McVittie Chris , Kapilashrami Anuj 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo gain insight into community nurses' experiences and how they make sense of the expertise they offer in their role.BackgroundGlobally, the spotlight is currently on community nursing expertise because of the movement of hospital‐based to community‐based care. Caring for people at home is no longer solely concerned with prevention, but delivering complex care to patients who are acutely unwell or at the end of their life. Little is known about the distinct expertise of community nurses, or their contribution to patient outcomes. There is a need to examine expertise in this group in order to inform current and future care provision within community settings.DesignA hermeneutic, phenomenological study.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with eight community nurses in Scotland, UK, who hold an additional postregistration, professional qualification. Participants also kept audio‐journals. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.FindingsParticipants described their expertise in three themes: negotiating a “way in” to care, managing complexity and “thinking on your feet.” They did not refer to themselves as specialist practitioners, nor did they perceive that they were viewed as specialist by colleagues or management. They appeared to dismiss their range of expertise which included forming trusting relationships, anticipating care needs and problem‐solving, enabling them to undertake complex care management.ConclusionsExpertise of community nurses in this study is dynamic, contextualised and action‐oriented enabling them to be creative problem‐solvers. It reflects engagement with patients and families and all aspects of the setting where care is provided, rather than being solely an identifiable set of specialist skills.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is vital to recognise community‐based expertise internationally, especially if current WHO aims for community‐based health care are to be achieved. Highlighting this expertise contributes to current discourse and may be considered in education and practice reviews.
Hypocalcaemia‐induced tetany secondary to total thyroidectomy: a nursing case review
Authors: Bakon Shannon , Craft Judy , Christensen Martin 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPresentations to the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypocalcaemia‐induced tetany secondary to total thyroidectomy are rare. A patient presented to the emergency department of a regional Australian hospital with hypocalcaemia‐induced tetany. A case study was employed to reflect on the care provided and identify knowledge practice deficits within this unusual patient presentation. Calcium plays a central role within the nervous system and is vital for both cardiac and muscular contraction. The clinical manifestations of electrolyte disturbances such as hypocalcaemia can be life threatening, and therefore, appropriate assessment, monitoring and management are essential to ensure positive patient outcomes. Understanding the importance of calcium imbalance for the emergency and critical care nurse is paramount in preventing complications associated with cardiac conduction and muscle tone, especially the potential for airway compromise. Education is central to this and may include clinical case reviews, the application of pathophysiological presentations of electrolyte imbalance and a review of electrolyte administration guidelines. Understanding the role of calcium within the body will assist emergency and critical care nurses to assess, monitor and intervene appropriately, thereby preventing the life‐threatening manifestations of hypocalcaemia.
Integrated “omics” approaches to sustain global productivity of major grain legumes under heat stress
Authors: Jha Uday Chand , Bohra Abhishek , Parida Swarup Kumar , Jha Rintu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGrain legumes serve as key sources of dietary protein to the global human population. Consequence of high‐temperature (HT) stress is increasingly evident as drastically lost production of different crops including grain legumes worldwide, thus putting the global food security under great threat. In a changing climate scenario, cool season‐adapted grain legumes frequently encounter heat stress (HS) during their reproductive phase, thus witnessing serious yield losses. To combat the emerging challenges of HT stress, an integrated approach demanding collaborative efforts from various disciplines of plant science should be in place. This review summarizes major impacts of HT stress on grain legume, and captures the relevance of crop genetic resources to HS tolerance in these crops. Measurement of physiological traits assumes key place in view of ever‐increasing precision of next‐generation phenotyping assays. We also discuss the significance of genetic inheritance and QTL discovery and evolving “omics” science for developing HS tolerance grain legume crops.
Screening recently identified whitefly/spider mite‐resistant wild tomato accessions for resistance to Tuta absoluta
Authors: Rakha Mohamed , Zekeya Never , Sevgan Subramanian , Musembi Muia , Ramasamy Srinivasan , Hanson Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) is a serious pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the tropics and subtropics. Previous World Vegetable Center studies identified selected accessions of S. galapagense, S. cheesmaniae and S. pimpinellifolium that were resistant to whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) and spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Here, we evaluated these accessions for resistance to T. absoluta based on the number of eggs from choice bioassays, and larval mortality and adults emerged percentages in no‐choice feeding bioassays at WorldVeg Eastern and Southern Africa (WorldVeg) and the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe). At WorldVeg, S. galapagense VI063177 exhibited high resistance in both choice and no‐choice bioassays. There was strong negative correlation between larval mortality and adults emerged percentages in the no‐choice feeding bioassays. Results from the icipe experiments were consistent with those of the WorldVeg screening, except for S. pimpinellifolium accession VI030462, which was susceptible at icipe. Tuta absoluta is rapidly spreading and the resistance sources reported here will be valuable in breeding tomato varieties resistant to this insect and others.
Impact of a pharmacist‐led vaccine recommendation program for pediatric kidney transplant candidates
Authors: Carthon Clarice E. , Hall Reed C. , Maxwell Pamela R. , Crowther Barrett R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPediatric transplant recipients commonly have deficient vaccination status at the time of transplantation. Utilizing transplant pharmacists to improve vaccination rates has not previously been described. This single‐center, retrospective study evaluated the impact of transplant pharmacist interventions on the completion rate of vaccination schedules at time of kidney transplant. Patients who received pharmacist‐led vaccination recommendations prior to transplant were compared to patients without pharmacist recommendations. Forty‐seven pediatric patients were included: 24 intervention patients and 23 control patients. The median percentage of up‐to‐date vaccinations at time of transplant was significantly higher in intervention group (91%; IQR 86%‐100%) vs. control group (80%; IQR 71%‐80%) (P<.0001). The median change in up‐to‐date vaccinations from time of evaluation to time of transplant was also significantly higher in the intervention group (7.5%) compared to the control group (0%) (P<.0001). There was no difference in live vaccination rates. No patients in either group were readmitted for a vaccine‐preventable disease within 6 months post‐transplant. With pharmacist intervention, significantly more patients were up to date with vaccination schedules at the time of transplant. These results suggest that a transplant pharmacist may serve as a valuable resource to increase vaccination schedule compliance between time of evaluation and transplantation.
When the Common Good Takes the Grand(est) Stage The Cosmic Common Good: Religious Grounds for Ecological Ethics, DanielP. Scheid, Oxford University Press, 2016 (ISBN 978‐0‐19‐935943‐1), xvi + 248 pp., hb £19.99
Authors: Andrejč Gorazd 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRooting itself in Catholic social teaching rather than theology of creation, this book develops a novel approach to Catholic ecological ethics. It argues that the traditional conception of the social common good should be fully broadened to encompass all creation, including abiota. Furthermore, the book suggests a comparative‐theological approach to ecological ethics through careful conversations with Buddhist, Hindu, and American Lakota conceptions and practices. While its vision of the cosmic common good at times appears too inclusive and perhaps ‘too good to be true’, this book is a valuable contribution to Christian ecological ethics and includes a fresh comparative‐theological take on ecological questions.
Theology of Creation and the Use of ScriptureCreation, David Fergusson, Eerdmans, 2014 (ISBN 978‐0‐8028‐7196‐1), viii + 149 pp., pb $18From Nothing: A Theology of Creation, Ian A.McFarland, Westminster John Knox, 2014 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐23819‐3), xvii + 212 pp., pb $35
Authors: Moberly Walter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDavid Fergusson's recent book, Creation, overviews differing aspects of creation for a theologically‐literate but non‐specialist readership, while Ian McFarland's From Nothing: A Theology of Creation offers a sophisticated account of the meaning and theological implications of the classic doctrine of creatio ex nihilo. Although both books make constructive appeal to Scripture, I suggest that their use of Scripture indicates that their creative theological thinking is not primarily done by working through the interpretative challenges that Scripture presents. There thus remains a distance between biblically and systematically oriented theological thinking.
The largest minority population in the U.S. without adequate dental care
Authors: Waldman H. Barry , Perlman Steven P. , Wong Allen 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA recent series of reports in Health Affairs reviewed the disparities in securing needed oral health services in the U.S. Despite an extensive oversight of the many issues involved, no direct mention is made of the particular conditions of the largest minority population in the U.S. unable to access dental care—the tens of millions of individuals with special health care needs. A review is provided of the particular barriers and conditions faced by this increasing population in its efforts to secure needed services.
Catechin attenuates traumatic brain injury‐induced blood–brain barrier damage and improves longer‐term neurological outcomes in rats
Authors: Jiang Zhixian , Zhang Jinning , Cai Yonghui , Huang Jiaxin , You Lingtong 
Published: July 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of catechin after traumatic brain injury and explored the underlying mechanisms.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Catechin treatment had neuroprotective effects in a rat model of traumatic brain injury, and these effects might be mediated by intervention in the self‐perpetuating process of blood–brain barrier disruption and excessive inflammatory reaction.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from external force on the head usually leads to long‐term deficits in motor and cognitive functions. Catechin has shown neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases and ischaemia models. We therefore investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of catechin after TBI and explored the underlying mechanisms. Male rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact injury and then treated with catechin. Brain damage, motor and cognitive functions, blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuro‐inflammation were examined. Catechin treatment ameliorated brain damage and motor and cognitive deficits after TBI. Catechin was shown to protect BBB integrity, alleviate the TBI‐induced loss of the junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens protein‐1 and suppress local inflammatory reactions. Catechin treatment had neuroprotective effects in a rat model of TBI, and these effects might be mediated by intervention in the self‐perpetuating process of BBB disruption and excessive inflammatory reaction.