bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIDROLISIS MINYAK JARAK PAGAR MENJADI ASAM LEMAH BEBAS MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS CaO
Authors: Abdulloh Abdulloh , Widati Alfa Akustia , Tamamy Faiz 
Published: December 2017

AbstrakTelah dilakukan hidrolisis minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas oil: JO) menggunakan katalis CaO. Reaksi ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis minyak jarak pagar selain biodiesel. Katalis CaO dikalsinasi terlebih dahulu pada suhu 800ᵒC untuk menghindari terjadinya deaktivasi katalis oleh terbentuknya CaCO3. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi katalis CaO meliputi struktur kristal CaO, luas permukaan, jumlah situs basa dan kekuatan kebasaan serta aktivitas katalitiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, katalis CaO memiliki luas permukaan 26,451 m2/g, kekuatan situs basa (pKB) pada daerah 7,2 < pKBH CaO < 15,0. Hasil uji aktivitas katalis CaO pada reaksi hidrolisis CJO diperoleh konversi CJO menjadi asam lemak bebas (free fatty acid: FFA) sebesar 77,58% pada waktu 60 menit. Kata kunci: hidrolisis, minyak jarak pagar (JO), free fatty acid (FFA), CaO dan situs basa AbstractHydrolysis of Jatropha curcas oil has been carried out using CaO as a catalyst. This reaction is intended to increase the economic value besides biodiesel. CaO catalyst was calcined at a temperature of 800 oC to avoid catalyst deactivation by formation of CaCO3. In this research include the characterization of catalysts CaO crystal structure, surface area, the number of base sites and the strength of basicity and catalytic activity. The results of the analysis showed that CaO catalyst has a surface area of 26.451 m2/g, the number of base sites of 221.77 mmol/g and the strength of base sites (pKBH) in the range of 7.2 < pKBH CaO < 15.0. From catalytic activity test showed that that the use of the catalytic activity of CaO catalyst in the hydrolysis reaction CJO into free fatty acids (FFA) as much as 77.58% for 60 minutes. Keywords: hydrolysis, Jatropha curcas oil (JO), free fatty acid (FFA), CaO and base site
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SODIUM ALGINAT TERFOSFORILASI SEBAGAI PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)
Authors: Wafiroh Siti , Suyanto Suyanto , Yuliana Yuliana 
Published: December 2017

AbstrakDi era globalisasi ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Sargassum sp.) terfosforilasi sebagai Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM dibuat dengan 4 variasi perbandingan konsentrasi antara kitosan dengan sodium alginat 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, dan 8:4 (b/b). Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat difosforilasi dengan STPP 2N. Karakterisasi PEM meliputi: uji tarik, swelling air, kapasitas penukar ion, FTIR, SEM, permeabilitas metanol, dan konduktivitas proton. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, membran yang optimal adalah perbandingan 8:1 (b/b) dengan nilai modulus young sebesar 0,0901 kN/cm2, swelling air sebesar 19,14 %, permeabilitas metanol sebesar 72,7 x 10-7, dan konduktivitas proton sebesar 4,7 x 10-5 S/cm. Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat terfosforilasi memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk bisa diaplikasikan sebagai membran polimer elektrolit dalam PEMFC. Kata kunci: kitosan, sodium alginat, terfosforilasi, PEMFC AbstractIn this globalization era, the needs of fossil fuel certainly increases, but its providence decreases. Therefore, we need alternative fuels such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The purpose of this study is preparationand characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM is produced with 4 variations of concentration ratio between chitosan and sodium alginate 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, and 8:4 (w/w). Chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane phosphorylated with 2 N STPP. The characterization of PEM include: tensile test, water swelling, ion exchange capacity, FTIR, SEM, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Based on the analysis result, the optimal membrane is ratio of 8:1 (w/w) with the value of Young’s modulus about 0.0901 kN/cm2, water swelling at 19.14%, methanol permeability about 72.7 x 10-7, and proton conductivity about 4.7 x 10-5 S/cm. The phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Keywords: chitosan, sodium alginate, phosphorylated, PEMFC
PEMANFAATAN PROTEASE DARI KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus, L) DALAM DEGUMMING BENANG SUTERA
Authors: Zusfahair Zusfahair , Fatoni Amin , Ningsih Dian Riana 
Published: December 2017

AbstrakProtease dalam bidang industri tekstil dapat berperan pada proses degumming benang sutera. Salah satu protease yang dapat digunakan untuk degumming benang sutera dapat diisolasi dari kulit nanas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi protease dari kulit nanas dalam proses degumming benang sutera. Isolasi protease dari kulit nanas dilakukan dengan ekstraksi menggunakan buffer fosfat dilanjutkan dengan sentrifugasi untuk memisahkan debrisnya. Ekstrak protease dari kulit nanas selanjutnya digunakan dalam proses degumming benang sutera pada suhu dan waktu perendaman tertentu. Benang sutera hasil proses degumming diamati secara visual, menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan mikroskop electron (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses degumming benang sutera yang optimal dilakukan pada suhu 50 °C, dan waktu inkubasi selama 4 jam. Benang sutera yang dihasilkan dengan protease ini lebih lembut dan berkilau, jika dibandingkan dengan benang sutera yang diolah secara tradisional menggunakan sabun dan pemanasan. Kata kunci: degumming, protease, kulit nanas, sutera AbstractProtease could be used in the textile industry for degumming of silk fabric. One of prospective proteases for silk degumming that of from a pineapple peels. This study was performed to determine the potential of protease from pineapple peels for silk degumming. The protease was extracted from pineapple peels using phosphate buffer, continued by separating the crude protease from the debris using centrifugation. The crude protease was then used to degum the raw silk, by soaking it in certain of incubation time and temperature. Silk degumming results observed visually, also by light microscope and electron microscope. The results showed that the optimum degumming process is at 50 ° C incubation for 4 hours. In comparison to the traditional silk degumming using soap and heating, the protease based degumming showed a softer and shiny silk fabric. Keyword: degumming, protease, pineapple peel, silk.
OPTIMASI KONSENTRASI SUBSTRAT XILAN AMPAS TAHU TERHADAP ENDO-Β-1,4-D-XYLANASE UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI XILOOLIGOSAKARIDA
Authors: Ratnadewi Anak Agung Istri , Handayani Wuryanti , Avida Siti Nur 
Published: December 2017

AbstrakAmpas tahu merupakan limbah samping dari proses pengolahan tahu dan susu kedelai. Ampas tahu berpotensi sebagai sumber xilan. Xilan digunakan sebagai substrat endo-β-1,4-D-xilanase untuk menghasilkan xilooligosakarida. Penelitian ini digunakan xilan ampas yang telah dihilangkan lemak dan protein tanpa penghilangan lignin (X1nD). Xilan ampas tahu tanpa penghilangan lemak dan protein tetapi dilakukan penghilangan lignin (X2D). Enzim yang digunakan adalah endo-β-1,4-D-xilanase dari isolat Bacillus sp. asal abdomen rayap. Optimasi variasi konsentrasi substrat bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum dalam menghasilkan xilooligosakarida. Produk hidrolisis yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan metode Miller untuk mengetahui total gula pereduksi. Produk hidrolisis konsentrasi optimum dianalisis menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun xilooligosakarida. Substrat X1nD dan X2D optimum pada konsentrasi 6% dan 5% dengan total gula pereduksi sebesar 0,196 mg/ml dan 0,211 mg/ml. Komponen penyusun xilooligosakarida ampas tahu berupa xilotriosa (X3), xilotetraosa (X4), dan xilopentaosa (X5).Kata Kunci: Ampas tahu, endo-β-1,4-D-xilanase, xilan, xilooligosakarida. AbstractOkara is a waste byproduct of the processing of tofu and soy milk. Okara potential as a source of xylan. Xylan is used as the substrate endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase to produce xyloologosaccharide. This study used okara xylan had eliminated fat and protein without removal of lignin (X1nD). Okara xylan out without the removal of fat and protein but do removal of lignin (X2D). The enzyme used is endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase of isolates of Bacillus sp. From abdominal termites. Optimization of substrate concentration variation aims to determine the optimum concentration in generating xyloologosaccharide. Hydrolysis products were analyzed using Miller method to determine total reducing sugars. The optimum concentration of hydrolysis products were analyzed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to determine the components of xyloologosaccharide. X1nD and X2D optimum substrate at a concentration of 6% and 5% to the total reducing sugars of 0.196 mg/ml and 0.211 mg/ml. Xyloologosaccharide of okara components of the pulp out the form xylotriose (X3), xylotetraose (X4), and xylopentaose (X5).Keywords: Okara, endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase, xylan, xyloologosaccharide
EKSTRAK DAUN MANGGA (Mangifera indica L.) SEBAGAI ANTIJAMUR TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans DAN IDENTIFIKASI GOLONGAN SENYAWANYA
Authors: Ningsih Dian Riana 
Published: December 2017

AbstrakCandida albicans adalah salah satu jamur yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi candidiasis. Salah satu bahan obat alami dari ekstrak tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur adalah ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera indica L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur daun mangga terhadap C. albicans, penentuan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dari ekstrak tersebut yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Daun mangga diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak metanol daun mangga yang dihasilkan dilakukan uji aktivitas antijamur terhadap C. albicans dengan menggunakan metode difusi. Setelah diketahui aktivitasnya, ekstrak metanol daun mangga kemudian ditentukan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) dan diuji kandungan metabolit sekundernya dengan uji fitokimia. Hasil ekstraksi daun mangga dengan pelarut metanol menghasilkan ekstrak metanol dengan rendemen 10,55% (b/b) dan menghasilkan aktivitas antijamur dengan zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm dengan zona hambat 8,12 mm. KHTM ekstrak metanol daun mangga terhadap C. albicans yaitu pada konsentrasi 65 ppm dengan zona hambat sebesar 0,64 mm. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol daun mangga menunjukkan adanya senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, stereoid, polifenol, tanin, dan saponin. Kata kunci : antijamur, Candida albicans, KHTM, Mangifera indica L.
Utilização de pastas contendo fosfopeptídeo de caseína-fosfato de cálcio amorfo com e sem fluoreto na prevenção da erosão dentária: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Fernandes Liege Helena Freitas , Moura Eline Freitas de Farias , Alencar Catarina Ribeiro Barros de , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite 
Published: December 2017

Introdução: A erosão dentária caracteriza-se como uma perda progressiva de estrutura dentária em que ocorre dissolução localizada de minerais da superfície do dente, ocasionada devido a exposição a ácidos de origem não bacteriana. Esse agravo bucal tem ganhado destaque pelo aumento de sua prevalência, que tem ocorrido, principalmente, devido a mudança dos hábitos alimentares e no estilo de vida da sociedade moderna. Objetivo: Apresentar uma síntese da ação das pastas de CPP-ACP no controle da erosão dentária. Material e Método: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Pubmed, Scopus e Bireme, utilizando os termos Erosão Dentária, Tooth Erosion, Esmalte Dentário, Dental Enamel, Caseínas, Caseins, Fluoreto de Sódio, Sodium Fluoride e os operadores boleanos “AND” e “OR” para realização das buscas, não havendo restrição quanto ao ano ou idioma de publicação. Resultados: Diferentes condutas terapêuticas têm sido avaliadas como potenciais alternativas para o controle da erosão dentária, dentre os quais está o uso da caseína fosfopeptídeo - fosfato de cálcio amorfo (CPP-ACP). As pastas de CPP-ACP parecem ser o tipo de veículo com maior potencial preventivo, além disso, a literatura sugere também, que as abordagens adotadas previamente às exposições ácidas tendem a ser mais bem-sucedidas. Apesar disso, ainda não há um consenso sobre a eficácia desse recurso terapêutico, devido, principalmente a carência de estudos realizados sob protocolos in situ. Conclusão: A ação preventiva das pastas de CPP-ACP, suplementadas ou não pelo fluoreto, permanece incipiente na literatura.Descritores: Erosão Dentária; Esmalte Dentário; Caseínas; Fluoreto de Sódio.
Phenol biodegradation by isolated Citrobacter strain under hypersaline conditions
Authors: Deng Tao , Wang Hongyu , Yang Kai 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Phenol is a toxic pollutant in many kinds of hypersaline industrial effluents that should be treated properly before discharged into water bodies. In this work, a halophilic strain which could utilize phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated. Based on 16S rRNA results, it was identified as a member of Citrobacter. The phenol biodegradation ability and cell growth of the strain was evaluated with the variation of initial phenol concentration and salinity. The effect of temperature and pH on phenol removal was also investigated. The results showed that the strain was capable of withstanding high phenol (up to 1,100 mg L−1) environment with varying salinity conditions (0–10% of NaCl). The optimal initial phenol concentration was 400 mg L−1, at which the average removal rates of phenol peaked at 10.8 mg L−1 h−1. The higher initial concentration of phenol could inhibit the microbial metabolism. The optimal temperature, pH, and salinity were 35 °C, 6.0, and 0%, respectively. Under these conditions, 400 mg L−1 of phenol could be completely degraded within 20 h. The high removal rates of phenol by the strain might provide an alternative for treating phenolic wastewaters containing high salinity.
Emodin Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Endometrial Cancer by Inhibiting ROS-Mediated Cisplatin-resistance
Authors: Ding Ning , Zhang Hong , Su Shan , Ding Yumei , Yu Xiaohui , Tang Yujie , Wang Qingfang , Liu Peishu 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Endometrial cancer is a common cause of death in gynecological malignancies. Cisplatin
is a clinically chemotherapeutic agent. However, drug-resistance is the primary cause of treatment failure.

Objective:
Emodin is commonly used clinically to increase the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents, yet
whether Emodin promotes the role of Cisplatin in the treatment of endometrial cancer has not been studied.

Method:
CCK-8 kit was utilized to determine the growth of two endometrial cancer cell lines, Ishikawa and
HEC-IB. The apoptosis level of Ishikawa and HEC-IB cells was detected by Annexin V / propidium iodide
double-staining assay. ROS level was detected by DCFH-DA and NADPH oxidase expression. Expressions of
drug-resistant genes were examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting.

Results:
Emodin combined with Cisplatin reduced cell growth and increased the apoptosis of endometrial cancer
cells. Co-treatment of Emodin and Cisplatin increased chemosensitivity by inhibiting the expression of drugresistant
genes through reducing the ROS levels in endometrial cancer cells. In an endometrial cancer xenograft
murine model, the tumor size was reduced and animal survival time was increased by co-treatment of Emodin
and Cisplatin.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that Emodin enhances the chemosensitivity of Cisplatin on endometrial
cancer by inhibiting ROS-mediated expression of drug-resistance genes.
The Role of Echocardiography in the Optimization of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Spartalis Michael , Tzatzaki Eleni , Spartalis Eleftherios , Damaskos Christos , Athanasiou Antonios , Livanis Efthimios , Voudris Vassilis 
Published: December 2017

Background:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become a mainstay in the management of heart failure. Up to one-third of patients who received resynchronization devices do not experience the full benefits of CRT. The clinical factors influencing the likelihood to respond to the therapy are wide QRS complex, left bundle branch block, female gender, non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (highest responders), male gender, ischaemic cardiomyopathy (moderate responders) and narrow QRS complex, non-left bundle branch block (lowest, non-responders).Objective:This review provides a conceptual description of the role of echocardiography in the optimization of CRT.Method:A literature survey was performed using PubMed database search to gather information regarding CRT and echocardiography.Results:A total of 70 studies met selection criteria for inclusion in the review. Echocardiography helps in the initial selection of the patients with dyssynchrony, which will benefit the most from optimal biventricular pacing and provides a guide to left ventricular (LV) lead placement during implantation. Different echocardiographic parameters have shown promise and can offer the possibility of patient selection, response prediction, lead placement optimization strategies and optimization of device configurations.Conclusion:LV ejection fraction along with specific electrocardiographic criteria remains the cornerstone of CRT patient selection. Echocardiography is a non-invasive, cost-effective, highly reproducible method with certain limitations and accuracy that is affected by measurement errors. Echocardiography can assist with the identification of the appropriate electromechanical substrate of CRT response and LV lead placement. The targeted approach can improve the haemodynamic response, as also the patient-specific parameters estimation.
Efecto del sistema de producción sobre producción de leche y consumo de alimento en cabras
Authors: Rúa B Clara , Rosero N Ricardo , Posada O Sandra 
Published: December 2017

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del sistema de producción en la producción y composición de la leche, y el consumo de alimento en cabras.. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron tres sistemas de producción del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia; durante dos períodos; se midió el consumo y la digestibilidad de la materia seca in vitro, la producción y composición de la leche de 71 cabras de tipo racial Saanen y Alpina. En el análisis estadístico se tuvieron en cuenta los efectos individuales del sistema de producción, la raza y período y la interacción entre ellos, a través del PROC MIXED, en el paquete estadístico SAS. Resultados. El sistema de producción A1 (semi-estabulación, pastoreo en praderas con sucesión vegetal natural) fue el que presentó mayor producción de leche por día en los dos períodos con un promedio de 1.2 L, al igual que los mayores niveles de grasa, proteína y sólidos no grasos en leche (53, 33 y 84 g/día, respectivamente); con respecto a los sistemas de producción A2 y A3 (estabulación completa ) con 0.6 L /día en promedio, el consumo de materia seca no presentó diferencia significativa pero sí la digestibilidad in vitro (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Se encontró efecto significativo del sistema de producción sobre la cantidad de leche producida por animal día y una alta variabilidad en la composición de los alimentos ofrecidos, al igual que en los consumos de materia seca por animal en cada uno de los sistemas evaluados.
Lgbtfobia na tradição religiosa Iorubá do Ifá: especulações e práticas da heteronormatividade
Authors: Silva de Melo Miguel Angelo 
Published: December 2017

Este artigo está inserido na área de concentração de educação intercultural, etnofilosofia e estudos de gênero, com ênfase nas pressuposições teóricas pós-identitárias advindas com os estudos queer. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo geral promover um estudo histórico-descritivo sobre a efabulação e o enclausuramento do espírito “queer” na comunidade religiosa yorùbá em territorialidades nigerianas, bem como, se propõem a revistar as representações sociais dos modelos heteronormativos de depredação, de submissão e de abjeção de indivíduos de orientação sexual ou de identidade sexual não heterossexual nas práticas e iniciações religiosas de sacerdócio do Ifá no Brasil. A análise que se segue busca demonstrar, através de fragmentos históricos, como se deu a construção do moralismo e da discriminação LGBTfóbica pelo cristianismo e pelo islão nas comunidades étnicas de matriz ancestral yorùbá em tempos de colonização e pós-colonização na Nigéria. Além da revisão de literatura, trabalhamos com o método de abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa sobre o DAFA - análise de documentos e análise de discursos, complementando estes com alguns nuances da pesquisa etnográfica de natureza virtual. A cultura e a matriz ancestral africana yorùbá é algo muito distante, apesar de estar, ao mesmo tempo, tão próxima, dentro da cultura religiosa afrodescendente brasileira. Muito se tem sido debatido, ressignificado, reconstruído e analisado dentro do Brasil sobre a realidade e a história da cultura africana e afrodescendente. Todavia, este artigo demonstra a possibilidade de reinventarmos o que ainda não foi pensado, de quebrarmos as nossas próprias barreiras e de nos aproximarmos, nós afrodescendentes, de nossas origens, de nossa cultura griot, de nossas pretagogias, de nossos Arché, de nosso Àşé, ou seja, de toda uma cosmovisão que nos separam do espírito da pureza, e respectivamente, que nos distanciam de Eèlà.
Mulheres negras e brancas e a maternidade: questões de gênero e raça no campo da saúde
Authors: Souzas Raquel , De Alvarenga Augusta Thereza 
Published: December 2017

Nos discursos das mulheres sobre maternidade, segundo escolaridade e raça/etnia, observa-se que se articulam posicionamentos discursivos diferenciados. Como tendência geral há uma aproximação de discursos relacionados a “constructos sociais modernos” sobre maternidade, característicos da modernidade. Constatamos diferenças nos discursos que destacam o grupo de mulheres negras de ensino médio dos demais grupos de escolaridade. É neste grupo de mulheres que são enfatizados, com maior recorrência, aspectos discursivos relativos às concepções “essencialistas” da maternidade, ou seja, naturalizados, rompendo a tendência de progressiva “dessencialização”, à medida que se eleva a escolaridade das mesmas. As diferentes concepções de maternidade apresentadas, por mulheres negras e brancas, permitem-nos refletir acerca do peso e construção histórica do lugar ocupado na sociedade pelas mulheres negras e brancas e na transversalidade de gênero raça/etnia no campo da saúde reprodutiva.
“LISTENING MEDIA” APPLICATION IN PREPARING LISTENING MATERIAL
Authors: Asmar Yustahzah , Ardi Havid 
Published: December 2017

Artikel ini membahas tentang penggunaan “Listening Media” software dalam mempersiapkan materi ajar menyimak bagi siswa SMA. Listening Media sangat membantu guru bidang studi bahasa Inggris dalam mempersiapkan materi ajar listening karena guru tidak perlu lagi kesulitan untuk merekam suara mereka sendiri secara manual. Guru hanya perlu mengetikan teks yang akan diperdengarkan, lalu aplikasi inilah yang akan mengubah teks tertulis tersebut menjadi berbentuk media suara. Penggunaan aplikasi ini dirasa sangat membantu siswa untuk terbiasa mendengar bahasa Inggris yang diucapkan oleh penutur asli karena aplikasi ini menyediakan tujuh macam model suara penutur bahasa Inggris asli. Penggunaan “Listening Media” dalam mempersiapkan materi ajar listening diharapkan bisa membantu guru untuk mencapai tujuan dari pembelajran bahasa inggris yaitu supaya siswa mampu berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa Inggris secara lisan dan tulisan. Key words: Listening media, listening material, senior high school