bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular Function Emerging from Intramolecular Peptide Stapling of Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Kalmer Henrik , Sbordone Federica , McMurtrie John , Nitsche Christoph , Frisch Hendrik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProtein function results from the precise folding of polypeptides into bespoke architectures. Taking inspiration from nature, the field of single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs), intramolecularly crosslinked synthetic polymers, emerged. In contrast to nature, the function of SCNPs is generally defined by the parent polymer or the applied crosslinker, rather than by the crosslinking process itself. This work explores the cyanopyridine–aminothiol click reaction to crosslink peptide‐decorated polymers intra‐macromolecularly to endow the resulting SCNPs with emerging functionality, resulting from the conversion of N‐terminal cysteine units into pyridine‐thiazolines. Dimethylacrylamide based polymers with different cysteine‐terminated amino acid sequences tethered to their sidechains are investigated (P1 (C), P2 (GDHC), P3 (GDSC)) and intramolecularly crosslinked into SCNPs. Since the deprotection of the parent polymers yields disulfide‐based SCNPs, a direct comparison between disulfide and pyridine‐thiazolines crosslinked SCNPs is possible. This comparison revealed two emerging properties of the pyridine‐thiazoline crosslinked SCNPs: 1) The formation of pyridine‐thiazolines gave rise to metal binding sites within the SCNP, which complexed iron. 2) Depending on the peptide sequence in the precursor polymer, the hydrolytic activity of the peptide sequences is either increased (GDHC) or decreased (GDSC) upon pyridine‐thiazoline formation compared to identical SCNPs based on disulfide crosslinks.
In situ digital image correlation study on the mechanical properties of GH4169 at different temperatures
Authors: Wu X. Y. , Zhu J. , Liu J. W. , Wang S. Y. , Hou X. H. , Jiang X. , Lang F. C. , Xing Y. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGH4169 is a precipitation‐strengthened nickel‐based high‐temperature alloy, and its mechanical behavior at different temperatures is of significant importance for practical applications. Here, an in situ study on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of the GH4169 alloy at different temperatures was conducted using scanning electron microscopy in combination with digital image correlation. The results demonstrate the existence of a linear relationship between the local average strain and the macroscopic strain. At temperatures of 20 °C, 100 °C, 180 °C, and 260 °C, the local average strain is 1.96, 2.13, 2.26, and 2.30 times the macroscopic strain, respectively, which shows a clear trend. This indicates that the temperature has a significant influence on the plasticity of the alloy. Additionally, the strain is concentrated below the notch, whereby at a macroscopic strain of 1.7 % at 20 °C and 260 °C, the local maximum strain at the notch is 52 % and 83 %, respectively. Furthermore, when the macroscopic strain reaches 2.12 %, the local maximum strain at the notch is 72 % and 103 %, respectively. At this point, cracks start to initiate and gradually propagate. In situ observations show that at the beginning of the tensile plasticity stage, the plastic strain rate in the grains is twice the rate at the grain boundaries; subsequently, both rates tend to stabilize, and a high‐strain zone appears inside the grains and is coordinately transferred to the surrounding grains through the grain boundaries. The final stage of damage of the alloy consists of perforation fracture, and the presence of a large number of cracked carbides at the fracture results in specimen cracking.
Evaluating storage conditions on the effect of peroxide content in acrylonitrile
Authors: Li X. , Zhang S. , Liu T. , Li H. , Sui X. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe content of peroxide in acrylonitrile is critical for the production of polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers. Peroxide‐free acrylonitrile is used as a blank solution for testing the peroxide content of acrylonitrile, which storage conditions are important to the test. Of course, for the change of peroxide content in acrylonitrile stored for a period of time has an effect on the production of carbon fiber. In order to study the effect of storage conditions on peroxide in peroxide‐free acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile, the changes at refrigerator and room temperature were studied, respectively. Studies have shown that storage at temperatures below 20 °C for 3 months hardly affect the use of either peroxide‐free acrylonitrile or acrylonitrile. The experimental results obtained are useful for practical production and testing, which can improve the accuracy of testing and stability of production.
Influence of mixed particle sizes on shear yield stress of magnetorheological fluid
Authors: Liu X. H. , Zhou W. T. , Yan P. P. , Fu Z. M. , Wu Y. , He X. Y. , Li F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of magnetic particle size and volume fraction on the shear yield stress and dynamic viscosity of magnetorheological fluids. Magnetorheological fluids with varying volume fractions of micro‐ and nanoscale magnetic particles were prepared. A plate‐on‐plate shear test bench was constructed to evaluate the fluids under a constant shear rate, with the applied current ranging from 0 A to 1.2 A. Results indicated that the shear yield stress initially increased and then decreased as the volume fraction of magnetic nanoparticles increased, reaching a maximum of 47 kPa at a volume fraction of 7 %. However, the excessive addition of magnetic particles or large‐diameter particles led to settling and reduced stability of the fluids. The findings suggest that optimizing the size and volume fraction of magnetic particles is crucial for maximizing the shear yield stress of magnetorheological fluids.
Shifting spawning phenology in Hudson River American Shad
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Yun , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objectives of this study were to investigate potential shift in the phenology of spawning for the Hudson River American Shad Alosa sapidissima and to identify factors contributing to the decline of the Hudson River shad population.

Methods
This study utilized American Shad eggs collected from the Long River Ichthyoplankton Survey. Logistic models were employed to estimate spawning phenology metrics, including the onset, peak, cessation, and duration of the spawning season. Additionally, we investigated the effects of biotic and abiotic variables on spawning timing.

Result
This study suggests that temporal changes in the spawning onset exhibited high variation and were not significant. However, a significantly delayed spawning peak and cessation, along with an extended spawning season, were observed. Additionally, the findings of this study revealed a correlation between the timing of spawning onset and water temperature, indicating that a 1°C increase in water temperature was associated with a 3.66-day earlier initiation of spawning. Smaller female spawner size was associated with delayed peak and cessation of the spawning season. With a 1-cm decrease in the average female spawner size, the peak of the spawning season was delayed by 1.79 days and the cessation of the spawning season was delayed by 2.87 days.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that water temperature may be a crucial trigger for initiating spawning in Hudson River American Shad, with higher water temperatures associated with earlier spawning onset. Moreover, the findings indicate that the timing of spawning peaks and cessations has been progressively delayed over time, and this is linked to the size of female spawners.
Spectrum and Evolution of Movement Disorder Phenomenology in a Pediatric Powassan Encephalitis Case Series
Authors: Yang Kathryn , Lindsay Rebecca , Quiroz Vicente , Srouji Rasha , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Powassan virus is a rare neurotropic, tick‐borne arbovirus associated with meningoencephalitis. Despite the virus's known predilection for the basal ganglia, there are no reports detailing the spectrum of movement disorders in children with Powassan meningoencephalitis.CasesWe present 3 cases of pediatric Powassan encephalitis, highlighting the diverse and evolving movement disorders associated with this disease. We observed subcortical myoclonus and progressive generalized dystonia (patient 1), transient dyskinesias and refractory focal dystonia (patient 2), and generalized dystonia evolving into chorea and lingual dyskinesias (patient 3). One patient exhibited multifocal vasculitis on magnetic resonance imaging angiography, a novel finding.ConclusionsMovement disorders were a primary source of the morbidity experienced by pediatric Powassan encephalitis patients throughout their disease course, underscoring the importance of regular monitoring and adaptable treatment strategies in this condition. Larger, prospective studies are necessary to fully delineate the spectrum of associated movement disorders in this rare and severe disease.
Predictors of Pain Management Outcomes Following Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rucinski Kylee , Crecelius Cory , Cook James L. , Carpenter Ryan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundUp to 80% of patients in the United States report dissatisfaction with pain management following orthopaedic surgery. Inadequate pain management is linked to negative outcomes, including increased costs, readmission rates, and chronic pain risk. Traditional pain management protocols often emphasise the biological components of pain, overlooking psychological and social. This systematic review addresses this gap by answering two key questions: (1) What factors are associated with increased risk of unsatisfactory pain management following orthopaedic surgery? (2) What are the key components of successful pain management protocols following orthopaedic surgery?MethodsPRISMA guidelines were followed with a search of relevant online databases. Studies were included if they were in English, provided patient feedback/satisfaction with pain management (quantitative studies) or provided satisfaction with pain management or healthcare team feedback (qualitative studies) or explored patient variables associated with satisfaction with pain management.ResultsOf the 845 articles screened, 27 met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis suggested that while perceived severity and duration of pain are often assumed to be the primary drivers of patient satisfaction related to pain management, patients with a sense of control over their pain reported higher satisfaction, regardless of actual pain level. History of opioid misuse, patient expectations, and patient mental health were associated with dissatisfaction.ConclusionPre‐operative education and ongoing communication, particularly regarding patient risk‐factors and multi‐modal pain management strategies, appear to enhance patients' sense of control and satisfaction. Future research should explore whether individualised pre‐operative education can improve satisfaction with post‐surgical orthopaedic pain management.
Complex High‐Cyclic Loading in an Accumulation Model for Sand
Authors: Staubach Patrick , Knittel Lukas , Wichtmann Torsten 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExperimental evidence indicates that multidimensional cyclic loading of soils causes larger accumulation of deformations than equivalent one‐dimensional loading. The response of sand to high‐cyclic loading with 10,000 cycles and up to four‐dimensional stress paths (i.e., four independent oscillating components) is examined in 120 triaxial and hollow cylinder tests in this work to extend these findings. With increasing number of oscillating stress components, the accumulation of permanent strains tends to increase. It is demonstrated that the definition of the multidimensional strain amplitude incorporated in the high‐cycle accumulation (HCA) model can account for this. The validation of the HCA model for complex cyclic loading is complemented by the simulation of model tests on monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines subjected to multidirectional cyclic loading, for which the consideration of spatially variable cyclic loading with nonconstant load amplitudes in the HCA model is discussed. For this purpose, an extension of the HCA model considering multiple strain amplitudes is presented.
Fractional Viscoelastic Analysis of Transversely Isotropic Surrounding Rock Along Shallow Buried Elliptical Tunnel
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Pan Yi Xuan , Ye Zi Kun , Wang Da Shan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces the fractional order Merchant model to analytically solve the stress and displacement fields of the transversely isotropic viscoelastic surrounding rock along shallow elliptical tunnels. First, the stress and displacement solutions of fractional order viscoelastic and transversely isotropic half planes under arbitrary loads are obtained using the Laplace transform and the elastic‐viscoelastic correspondence principle. Second, based on the above half plane solution and the solution of the deep buried elliptical tunnel problem, the Schwarz alternating method is introduced to obtain the analytical solution of the shallow buried elliptical tunnel. A MATLAB program is developed, and the accuracy of the theory and program in this study is verified by comparing it with the results of ABAQUS. Finally, the effects of transversely isotropic parameters, tunnel burial depth, and viscoelastic parameters on the stress and displacement of tunnel surrounding rock are analyzed.
Bortezomib (BOR)‐Pegylated‐Gold Nanovector: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Evaluation and Diagnostic Tool as Galectin‐1 Biomarker
Authors: Khan Memona , Moutaoukil Myriam El , Boucetta Abdelkader , Spadavecchia Jolanda 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we applied an original chemical methodology in which gold salt (HAuCl4) interacts with the chemotherapeutic drug (bortezomib; i.e., BOR) by chelation and then stacked with dicarboxylic acid‐terminated polyethylene‐glycol (PEG‐diacide) as a biocompatible surfactant. The suggested chemical protocol is rapid (“one‐pot”) and reproducible, providing the formation of a hybrid‐nanovector named BOR IN PEG‐AuNPs. In order to prove a therapeutic approach, our hybrid‐nanovector (BOR IN PEG‐AuNPs) interacts with Galectin‐1 (Gal‐1) protein biomarker under specific concentrations. The efficient concentration range of this nanovector is obviously profiled by tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity, optimizing cells access to the interaction region. Considering several influential factors related to spatial mapping and physical profile in all extracellular matrix (ECM), drive a change in neighborhood electrical potential configuration, leading the nanovector response with biomarkers transcriptions, hence, patterning TME leads to promote antitumor immunity in favor of tumor suppression. Each step of chemical synthesis and detection was monitored by spectroscopic techniques (Raman; UV‐Vis spectroscopies) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our study demonstrated that hybrid‐nanoparticle system represents a key to further synergic chemotherapeutic and diagnostic tools for the treatment of cancer.
Economic, Environmental, and Social Value of Virtual Care in Otolaryngology: Sustainability in Quality Improvement Framework
Authors: Paczkowski Freeman , Gandhi Karan , Dzioba Agnieszka , MacNeil Danielle S. , Parnes Lorne , Davey Gabriele , Taylor Nerissa , Strychowsky Julie E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveApply the Sustainability in Quality Improvement framework to virtual care for Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) patients to understand the economic, environmental, and social impacts.MethodsThis project consisted of retrospective analysis of anonymized data from all appointments that took place in three academic ambulatory OHNS clinics (pediatrics, head and neck, and otology/neurotology) from fiscal years of 2021 to 2023. Data were obtained from our institution's Virtual Care Dashboard. The following metrics were calculated: travel costs avoided with virtual appointments (economic value), fuel and carbon emissions avoided with virtual appointments (environmental value), and differences in Ontario Marginalization (ON‐Marg) Index scores between patients seen virtually versus in‐person (social value).ResultsA total of 41,343 visits occurred over the 2‐year period (18.1% virtual). Nearly all virtual visits were by telephone (99.6%). The average cost savings per virtual care visit was $87.50, and total cost savings across all 3 clinics was $640,300. Total environmental savings were 82,500 L of fuel and 246.6 metric tons of carbon emissions. There were no statistical differences in monthly average marginalization (ON‐Marg) indices in patients seen virtually compared to in‐person.DiscussionVirtual care demonstrated financial and environmental savings for OHNS patients that can accumulate over multiple appointments. No difference in ON‐Marg indices between patients assessed virtually versus in‐person suggests that virtual care was accessible for patients regardless of social background.Implications for PracticeOur data suggests that virtual care may be a viable complement for delivering OHNS care that leads to fiscal and environmental savings for patients and ensures equitable access to care.
Nanoparticle Clustering in Supraparticles to Control Magnetic Long‐Range Interactions
Authors: Wolf Andreas , Zhou Huanhuan , Groppe Philipp , Stiegler Lisa M. S. , Kämäräinen Tero , Peukert Wolfgang , Walter Johannes , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo tailor superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to the specific needs of diverse application fields, it is essential to understand not only their intrinsic properties but also their interactions with each other. Theoretical models predicting/explaining the magnetization behavior of macroscopic samples containing millions of SPIONs are intricate due to the complexity of the underlying relaxation mechanisms in alternating fields. This study introduces supraparticles (SPs) as model architectures to empirically investigate magnetic interactions within and between large SPION clusters (>100 nanoparticles (NPs)). For this purpose, NP dispersions containing SPIONs and silica (SiO2)NPs as non‐magnetic building blocks are spray‐dried to form binary SPs. Selective salt‐induced agglomeration of the two building block types before spray‐drying is utilized to tailor SP architectures, including control over SPION cluster size, shape, and proximity. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), operating under ambient conditions, reveals altered magnetization behavior for different cluster structures. Not only the nearest SPION neighbors, but the whole cluster structure up to several micrometers is decisive for the magnetization behavior. This highlights the importance of long‐range magnetic interactions. This work presents a versatile approach for designing model architectures to advance empirical interaction studies between SPIONs in macroscopic samples.
Tuning of Oxygen Vacancies in Co3O4 Electrocatalyst for Effectiveness in Urea Oxidation and Water Splitting
Authors: Mannu Pandian , Dharman Ranjith Kumar , Nga Ta Thi Thuy , Mariappan Athibala , Shao Yu‐Cheng , Ishii Hirofumi , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Kandasami Asokan , Oh Tae Hwan , Chou Wu‐Ching , Chen Chi‐Liang , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Dong Chung‐Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of an excellent multifunctional electrocatalyst that is based on non‐precious metal is critical for improving the electrochemical processes of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) in alkaline media. This study demonstrates that incorporating Mo into Co3O4 facilitated the formation of rich oxygen vacancies (Vo), which promotes effective nitrate adsorption and activation in urea electrolysis. Subsequently, in situ/operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is used to explore the active sites in Mo‐Co3O4‐3 under OER, indicating the oxygen vacancies are first filled with OH• in Mo‐Co3O4; facilitated the pre‐oxidation of low‐valence Co, and promoted the reconstruction/deprotonation of intermediate Co‐OOH•. Mo‐Co3O4‐3 electrocatalysts show impressive HER, OER, and UOR with low overpotentials of 141 mV, 220 mV, and 1.32 V, respectively, at 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline medium. Furthermore, in situ/Operando Raman spectroscopy results reveal the importance of CoOOH active sites for enhanced electrochemical performance in Mo‐Co3O4‐3 compared to the pure Co3O4. The urea electrolyzer with Mo‐Co3O4 electrocatalysts acts as an anode and the cathode delivers 1.42 V at 10 mA cm−2. A viable approach to creating effective UOR electrocatalysts involves synergistic engineering exploiting doping and oxygen vacancies.
Delocalization State‐Stabilized Znδ+ Active Sites for Highly Selective and Durable CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Liu Qian‐Wen , He Bing‐Ling , Zheng De‐Sheng , Zhou Xue‐Qin , Zhang Xin , Huang Jian‐Mei , Wang Yu , Lai Wen‐Chuan , Gu Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn)‐based materials are cost‐effective and promising single‐metal catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to CO but is still challenged by low selectivity and long‐term stability. Undercoordinated Zn (Znδ+) sites have been demonstrated to be powerful active centers with appropriate *COOH affinity for efficient CO production However, electrochemical reduction conditions generally cause the inevitable reduction of Znδ+, resulting in the decline of CO efficiency over prolonged operation. Herein, a Zn cyanamide (ZnNCN) catalyst is constructed for highly selective and durable CO2 electroreduction, wherein the delocalized Zn d‐electrons and resonant structure of cyanamide ligand prevent the self‐reduction of ZnNCN and maintain Znδ+ sites under cathodic conditions. The mechanism studies based on density functional theory and operando spectroscopies indicate that delocalized Znδ+ site can stabilize the key *COOH intermediate through hard–soft acid–base theory, therefore thermodynamically promoting CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Consequently, ZnNCN delivers a CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of up to 93.9% and further exhibits a remarkable stability lifespan of 96 h, representing a significant advancement in developing robust Zn‐based electrocatalysts. Beyond expanding the variety of CO2 reduction catalysts, this work also offers insights into understanding the structure‐function sensitivity and controlling dynamic active sites.
Advanced Vitrimer with Spiropyran Beads: A Multi‐Responsive, Shape Memory, Self‐Healing, and Reprocessable Smart Material
Authors: Song Seunghyeon , Jang Han Gyeol , Lee Jae Hoon , Jung Yong Chae , Lee Doh C. , Kim Sung‐Kon , Kim Jaewoo , Choi Yong‐Seok 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThermosetting materials have limitations in terms of reshaping and recycling due to their irreversible bond structures, leading to significant plastic waste issues. Recently, epoxy vitrimers based on dynamic covalent bond exchange have been introduced as promising alternatives to traditional thermosets. Particularly, they demonstrate significant potential applications in the field of multi‐responsive materials. In this research, a self‐healable and mechano‐responsive vitrimer (EB‐V) is successfully prepared, incorporating epoxide spiropyran beads (ESP beads) derived from citric acid and epoxy derivatives. To enable self‐reporting of cracks through color changes, ESP beads are covalently bonded to the vitrimer via an epoxy‐carboxylic acid reaction. The photochromic properties of EB‐V are demonstrated by color and fluorescence changes, and its tensile strength increased from 2.0 to 6.8 MPa compared to the control sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the covalent exchange reaction of the vitrimer, revealing its reconfigurable behavior and stress relaxation at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, EB‐V exhibited exceptional properties, including self‐healing and reprocessability. As a smart material, it holds great promise for a wide range of applications, such as sensors, actuators, 4D printing, and industrial safety diagnostics.