bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ecometric analysis of the fossil mammal record of the Turkana Basin
Authors: Fortelius Mikael , Žliobaitė Indrė , Kaya Ferhat , Bibi Faysal , Bobe René , Leakey Louise , Leakey Meave , Patterson David , Rannikko Janina , Werdelin Lars 
Published: June 2016

Although ecometric methods have been used to analyse fossil mammal faunas and environments of Eurasia and North America, such methods have not yet been applied to the rich fossil mammal record of eastern Africa. Here we report results from analysis of a combined dataset spanning east and west Turkana from Kenya between 7 and 1 million years ago (Ma). We provide temporally and spatially resolved estimates of temperature and precipitation and discuss their relationship to patterns of faunal change, and propose a new hypothesis to explain the lack of a temperature trend. We suggest that the regionally arid Turkana Basin may between 4 and 2 Ma have acted as a ‘species factory’, generating ecological adaptations in advance of the global trend. We show a persistent difference between the eastern and western sides of the Turkana Basin and suggest that the wetlands of the shallow eastern side could have provided additional humidity to the terrestrial ecosystems. Pending further research, a transient episode of faunal change centred at the time of the KBS Member (1.87–1.53 Ma), may be equally plausibly attributed to climate change or to a top-down ecological cascade initiated by the entry of technologically sophisticated humans.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Major transitions in human evolution’.
A Pleistocene palaeovegetation record from plant wax biomarkers from the Nachukui Formation, West Turkana, Kenya
Authors: Uno Kevin T. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Kahle Emma , Feibel Craig , Harmand Sonia , Roche Hélène , deMenocal Peter B. 
Published: June 2016

Reconstructing vegetation at hominin fossil sites provides us critical information about hominin palaeoenvironments and the potential role of climate in their evolution. Here we reconstruct vegetation from carbon isotopes of plant wax biomarkers in sediments of the Nachukui Formation in the Turkana Basin. Plant wax biomarkers were extracted from samples from a wide range of lithologies that include fluvial–lacustrine sediments and palaeosols, and therefore provide a record of vegetation from diverse depositional environments. Carbon isotope ratios from biomarkers indicate a highly dynamic vegetation structure (ca5–100% C4vegetation) from 2.3 to 1.7 Ma, with an overall shift towards more C4vegetation on the landscape after about 2.1 Ma. The biomarker isotope data indicateca25–30% more C4vegetation on the landscape than carbon isotope data of pedogenic carbonates from the same sequence. Our data show that the environments of earlyParanthropusandHomoin this part of the Turkana Basin were primarily mixed C3–C4to C4-dominated ecosystems. The proportion of C4-based foods in the diet ofParanthropusincreases through time, broadly paralleling the increase in C4vegetation on the landscape, whereas the diet ofHomoremains unchanged. Biomarker isotope data associated with the Kokiselei archaeological site complex, which includes the site where the oldest Acheulean stone tools to date were recovered, indicate 61–97% C4vegetation on the landscape.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Major transitions in human evolution’.
Lazarus effects: the frequency and genetic causes ofEscherichia colipopulation recovery under lethal heat stress
Authors: Hug Shaun M. , Gaut Brandon S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSometimes populations crash and yet recover before being lost completely. Such recoveries have been observed incidentally in evolution experiments usingEscherichia coli, and this phenomenon has been termed the “Lazarus effect.” To investigate how often recovery occurs and the genetic changes that drive it, we evolved ~300 populations ofE. coliat lethally high temperatures (43.0°) for five days and sequenced the genomes of recovered populations. Our results revealed that the Lazarus effect is uncommon, but frequent enough, at ~9% of populations, to be a potent source of evolutionary innovation. Population sequencing uncovered a set of mutations adaptive to lethal 43.0°C that were mostly distinct from those that were beneficial at a high but nonlethal temperature (42.2°). Mutations within two operons—the heat shockhslUVoperon and the RNA polymeraserpoBCoperon—drove adaptation to lethal temperature. Mutations inhslUVexhibited little antagonistic pleiotropy at 37.0°C and may have arisen neutrally prior to subjection to lethal temperature. In contrast,rpoBCmutations provided greater fitness benefits thanhslUVmutants, but were less prevalent and caused stronger fitness tradeoffs at lower temperatures. Recovered populations fixed mutations in only one operon or the other, but not both, indicating that epistatic interactions between beneficial mutations were important even at the earliest stages of adaptation.
Modeling and Analysis of Hormone and Mitogenic Signal Integration in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rogers Katharine V. , Wayman Joseph A. , Tasseff Ryan , Gee Caitlin , DeLisa Matthew P. , Varner Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer related death in the United States. Androgens, such as testosterone, are required for androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) growth. Androgen ablation in combination with radiation or chemotherapy remains the primary non-surgical treatment for ADPC. However, androgen ablation typically fails to permanently arrest cancer progression, often resulting in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we analyzed a population of mathematical models that described the integration of androgen and mitogenic signaling in androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer. An ensemble of model parameters was estimated from 43 studies of signaling in androgen dependent and resistant LNCaP cell lines. The model population was then validated by comparing simulations with an additional 33 data sets from LNCaP cell lines and clinical trials. Analysis of the model population suggested that simultaneously targeting the PI3K and MAPK pathways in addition to anti-androgen therapies could be an effective treatment for CRPC. We tested this hypothesis in both ADPC LNCaP cell lines and LNCaP derived CRPC C4-2 cells using three inhibitors: the androgen receptor inhibitor MDV3100 (enzalutamide), the Raf kinase inhibitor sorafenib, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Consistent with model predictions, cell viability decreased at 72 hrs in the dual and triple inhibition cases in both the LNCaP and C4-2 cell lines, compared to treatment with any single inhibitor. Taken together, this study suggested that crosstalk between the androgen and mitogenic signaling axes led to robustness of CRPC to any single inhibitor. Model analysis predicted potentially efficacious target combinations which were confirmed by experimental studies in multiple cell lines, thereby illustrating the potentially important role that mathematical modeling can play in cancer.
AtypicalSalmonella entericaserovars in murine and human infection models: Is it time to reassess our approach to the study of salmonellosis?
Authors: Hurley Daniel , Hoffmann Maria , Muruvanda Tim , Allard Marc W. , Brown Eric W. , Martins Marta , Fanning Séamus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNontyphoidalSalmonellaspecies are globally disseminated pathogens and the predominant cause of gastroenteritis. The pathogenesis of salmonellosis has been extensively studied usingin vivomurine models and cell lines typically challenged withSalmonellaTyphimurium. Although serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are responsible for the most of human infections reported to the CDC, several other serovars also contribute to clinical cases of salmonellosis. Despite their epidemiological importance, little is known about their infection phenotypes. Here, we report the virulence characteristics and genomes of 10 atypicalS. entericaserovars linked to multistate foodborne outbreaks in the United States. We show that the murine RAW 264.7 macrophage model of infection is unsuitable for inferring human relevant differences in nontyphoidalSalmonellainfections whereas differentiated human THP-1 macrophages allowed these isolates to be further characterised in a more relevant, human context.
ICGenealogy: Mapping the Function of Neuronal Ion Channels in Model and Experiment
Authors: Podlaski William F , Seeholzer Alexander , Groschner Lukas N , Miesenböck Gero , Ranjan Rajnish , Vogels Tim P 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIon channel models are the building blocks of computational neuron models. Their biological fidelity is therefore crucial for the interpretability of simulations. However, the number of published models, and the lack of standardization, make the comparison of models with one another and with experimental data difficult. Here, we present a framework for the automated large-scale classification of ion channel models. Using annotated metadata and model responses to a set of voltage-clamp protocols, we assigned 2378 models of voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels coded inNEURONto 211 clusters. TheIonChannelGenealogyweb interface provides an interactive resource for the categorization of new and existing models and experimental recordings. It enables quantitative comparisons of simulated and/or measured ion channel kinetics, and facilitates field-wide standardization of experimentally-constrained modeling.
Operant Behavior in Model Systems
Authors: Brembs Bjöern 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn contrast to the long-held assumption that the organization of behavior is best characterized as the perception of a sensory stimulus followed by appropriate response (i.e., “sensorimotor hypothesis”), recent converging evidence from multiple systems and fields of study instead suggests that both ancestral and extant general brain function is best described in operant terms. Rather than specifyng precise behaviors, sensory information - if at all present - interacts with ongoing neural activity to instruct the organism which type of spontaneous, exploratory behavior to generate. Evaluating the ensuing reafferent feedback modifies the nervous system such that ongoing neural activity patterns become biased towards activity that has generated increased appetitive and decreased aversive feedback in the past. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying both the exploratory, spontaneous behaviors as well as those underlying the modifications caused by the feedback are becoming increasingly understood, even on a molecular level. It is straightforward to hypothesize that the constant interaction between ongoing neural activity and the incoming sensory stream allows the organism to balance behavioral flexibility with efficiency to accomplish adaptive behavioral choice in an often unpredictably changing environment.
Integration through cross-functional teams in a service company
Authors: Oliveira Eider Arantes de , Pimenta Márcio Lopes , Hilletofth Per , Eriksson David 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to characterize the internal dynamics of cross-functional teams (CFTs) in different organizational processes in a service company.Design/methodology/approachA case study from a Brazilian service company was conducted. CFTs in five different organizational processes (strategy development, product development, portfolio management, sales channels management and business analysis) were analyzed through in-depth interviews, documents and non-participant observation.FindingsA framework with four pillars was constructed: constitution of the CFT, task drivers, behavior and attitudes of the team and personal motivators. It was possible to analyze the process of how a group acts and reacts under changing circumstances based on the pillars included in the framework.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is focused on creating analytical generalizability. Several insights in the 12 propositions presented in this study may be investigated in future research to validate the identified relationships among the pillars included in the framework. Moreover, the proposed framework allows the teams to be analyzed through a multidimensional view: structure, processes and impacts.Practical implicationsIf the semantic boundaries of the communication are not well delineated, the differences in understanding can generate manifest conflicts. Moreover, the workload in a CFT seems to be larger and more complex than working in a functional activity; however, members perceive that it reduces the risk of unemployment and increases motivation.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the extant literature with the proposal of a set of new exploratory propositions that can support future quantitative research about the use of CFTs in the service industry context.
Transforming SNCF’s business model through the evolution of participative innovation routine
Authors: Deslée Carine , Ammar Oussama 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Many barriers prevent firms from changing their business models. Inertia, as it accumulates over time, transforms into organizational routines that doom change; however, it can also be a source of organizational flexibility. How does a business model evolve in interaction with organizational routines? This paper aims to study the interactions between forms of participative innovation (PI) and existing business models.

Design/methodology/approach
The exploratory approach includes interviews, participant and non-participant observations and archive analysis. It adapts an existing framework, based on the notion of scripts, to the evolutionary dynamic of organizational routines at the French railway company SNCF. The analysis of a set of contextual elements clarifies events over time and interactions between PI and the company’s business model.

Findings
The empirical insights indicate how existing routines can help reinvent business models. Business model components evolve along the transformation phases of PI. The case reveals co-evolutionary dynamics: evolution of the organizational routine from bureaucratic suggestion, to structured innovation, to PI leads to the transformation of the business model from functionalist, to customer-centric, to open business model.

Practical implications
Firm managers can think more proactively about how to reinvent established business models by innovating their existing routines, according to the position and role of routines, shifting from sources of rigidity and inertia to levers for innovation and change.

Originality/value
The business model concept serves as a prism of analysis for organizational routines. Organizational routines are sources of flexibility, strategic renewal and business model reinvention.
Probing social media harassment
Authors: Beal Brian 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of investigation of employee harassment via social media to develop best practices to help organizations conduct such investigations more effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
It reviews the technical, managerial and legal literature to develop guidance for organizations conducting investigations of employee harassment via social media.

Findings
Organizations may not have effective procedures for the investigation of social media misuse, in general, and employee harassment via social media, in particular. This paper provides guidance for organizations to conduct investigation of employee harassment via social media more effectively.

Originality/value
The paper consolidates the fragmented discussion of investigation of social media misuse with regard to employee harassment via a literature review across technical, managerial and legal disciplines. The paper provides guidance to support organizations for conducting investigations of employee harassment via social media more effectively.
A search for new paths in Chinese industrial relations
Authors: Wheatcroft John 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Collective bargaining (CB) in China is perceived as inadequate, thanks to the lack of trade union independence and representation. However, there are interesting developments in some parts of the country, including Wenling, a massive manufacturing center examined here.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative case study covers all stakeholders, including the government, trade unions, sweater association, workers and employers.

Findings
This paper examines initially the way that trade unions are constrained by corporatism in China. Increased industrial conflicts could push employers to become the engine of change. It finds that employers endeavor to use CB as a tool to stabilize employment relations and neutralize workers resistance. A gradual transition in labor relations system is on the way. The “Wenling Way” described here could become more widely used and is seen in some quarters as a possible model.

Originality/value
This paper offers new insights into the under-reported area of Chinese industrial relations.
Becoming an entrepreneur: opportunities and identity transitions
Authors: Lewis Kate V. , Ho Marcus , Harris Candice , Morrison Rachel 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to report an empirically grounded theoretical framework within which to understand the role of entrepreneurial identity development in the discovery, development and exploitation of opportunity, and to elaborate on how these identity transitions both mobilise and constrain female entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study-based research design was used in this study. Primary and secondary data were collected from eight female participants (all of whom can be categorised as “mumpreneurs”) and analysed to inform the theoretical framework that is the foundation of the paper.

Findings
The authors describe how identity conflict, role congruence and reciprocal identity creation play a critical role in venture creation as a form of entrepreneurship. Drawing on the constructs of identification, self-verification and identity enactment, the authors build a theoretical framework for understanding entrepreneurial identity transitions in relation to opportunity-seeking behaviours.

Research limitations/implications
The work is theoretical in character and based on a sample that, whilst rich in the provision of theoretical insight, is small in scope. Additionally, the sample is located in one geographical context (New Zealand) which likely has implications for the way in which the key constructs are perceived and enacted.

Originality/value
This paper is an attempt to integrate conceptualisations of entrepreneurial identity development with opportunity-related processes in the context of venture creation. A holistic focus on identity transitions and their relevance to perception and action in relation to opportunity (the root of entrepreneurial behaviour) is novel; at this point, it is exploratory in intention and tentative in reach.
Interpersonal complaints regarding cancer care through a gender lens
Authors: Olsson Erik Masao 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate healthcare customer complaints concerning interpersonal matters in cancer care.

Design/methodology/approach
– Complaints from cancer patients and their relatives (n=116) that dealt with interpersonal matters registered between 2009 and 2011 at four local Patients’ Advisory Committees in Western Sweden were sampled and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings
– Complaints concerned lack of information and consideration from healthcare providers. Lack of empathy and civility also caused dissatisfaction, the latter particularly for women. Relatives complained that they did not feel included in the care process or were not offered proper support. Most complaints by relatives were filed by a female relative and concerned a male patient.

Research limitations/implications
– Information about patient demographics other than gender could not be investigated due to database limitations. Hence, factors such as age, country of birth, and geographical residence were not included for analysis. In addition, neither the type nor stage of cancer among the sampled patients was able to be addressed.

Practical implications
– Patient complaints should not only be viewed as a post-consumption judgment, but also as a service interaction activity. This may require healthcare providers to enhance their interpersonal skills, allowing patients and relatives to provide feedback during service interaction to satisfactorily address dissatisfaction. Visualizing gender disparities may help healthcare providers prevent stereotypical encounters. In addition, the provider should be invited to participate in the customer’s value creating network, which may also include knowledge and skills from other sources, such as relatives.

Originality/value
– Value co-creation offers a different view on patient complaints. Incorporating social construction into value co-creation may reveal socially constructed disparities. The paper provides aggregated information on cancer patients’ and relatives’ complaints concerning interpersonal issues, which can increase knowledge about patient healthcare service perceptions.
Healthscape role towards customer satisfaction in private healthcare
Authors: Sahoo Debajani , Ghosh Tathagata 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the motives that enforce consumers to find out the major determinants that frame healthscape in private healthcare service that leads to their satisfaction in a developing country like India.

Design/methodology/approach
– The generic motive dimensions are identified using an exploratory factor analysis. Next the reliability and validity of the factors are established followed by regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 s/w.

Findings
– This paper identifies six healthscape motives in the private healthcare sector named as service personnel conduct and cleanliness, service delivery and facilities, ambience, location and look, appealing decoration, and upgraded safety service, out of which only service delivery, ambience, location, and decorations contribute the most to build customer satisfaction as per their significance value.

Research limitations/implications
– The various dimensions of healthcare motives should be viewed as the levers of improving hospitals’ service quality in the minds of its present and future customers. This finding can offer valuable insight to the forthcoming as well as existing developer who are planning to have their healthcare service presence in India.

Practical implications
– This study suggests some important strategic guidelines for service positioning and market segmentation of healthcare services as per customer requirements. In the recent past, availing services from hospitals were purely utilitarian in nature. Customers were more inclined to get proper and timely services and cared more about the service quality of the healthcare service provider.

Originality/value
– This paper is among the few works done on understanding private healthcare service delivery process in India and customer satisfaction level from those Hospitals. This study addresses the gap by identifying a set of dimensions that are relevant to customers for a unique healthcare experience.