bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of artificial intelligence in the management of liver diseases
Authors: Lu Ming‐Ying , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUniversal neonatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and the advent of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) have reshaped the epidemiology of chronic liver diseases. However, some aspects of the management of chronic liver diseases remain unresolved. Nucleotide analogs can achieve sustained HBV DNA suppression but rarely lead to a functional cure. Despite the high efficacy of DAAs, successful antiviral therapy does not eliminate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighted the need for cost‐effective identification of high‐risk populations for HCC surveillance and tailored HCC treatment strategies for these populations. The accessibility of high‐throughput genomic data has accelerated the development of precision medicine, and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to a new era of precision medicine. AI can learn from complex, non‐linear data and identify hidden patterns within real‐world datasets. The combination of AI and multi‐omics approaches can facilitate disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery, and the prediction of treatment efficacy and prognosis. AI algorithms have been implemented in various aspects, including non‐invasive tests, predictive models, image diagnosis, and the interpretation of histopathology findings. AI can support clinicians in decision‐making, alleviate clinical burdens, and curtail healthcare expenses. In this review, we introduce the fundamental concepts of machine learning and review the role of AI in the management of chronic liver diseases.
3D reconstruction of vocal fold dynamics with laser high‐speed videoendoscopy in children
Authors: Patel Rita R. , Döllinger Michael , Semmler Marion 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate three‐dimensional vertical motion of the superior surface of the vocal folds in vivo in (a) typically developing children as a function of vocal frequency variations and (b) a child with vocal nodules.MethodsA custom developed laser endoscope coupled with high‐speed videoendoscopy was used to obtain 3D parameters from 2 healthy children, one child with vocal nodules, and 23 vocally healthy adults (females = 11, males = 12). Parameters of amplitude (mm), maximum opening/closing velocity (mm/s), and mean opening/closing velocity (mm/s) were computed for the lateral and vertical vibratory motion along the anterior, middle, and posterior sections of the vocal folds were computed.ResultsWe provide for the first time, absolute measurements of vertical amplitude and maximum/ mean velocity during the opening and closing phases, in vivo in children. Overall, the vertical motion was larger in vocally normal children compared with the lateral motion, especially along the visible posterior section of the vocal folds and during low pitch phonation. The opening phase dynamics were consistently large along the posterior section in the child with vocal nodules.ConclusionsThe study findings establish the feasibility of capturing 3D motion in a clinical setting and provide proof of concept for the application of the proposed 3D laser in the pediatric population. Future large sample size studies are needed to establish the diagnostic potential of examining the closing phase vertical motion to evaluate vibratory development in children with normal voice and investigating the opening phase vertical motion in children with nodules.Level of EvidenceN/A.
The dysfunction of complement and coagulation in diseases: the implications for the therapeutic interventions
Authors: Jiang Honghong , Guo Yiming , Wang Qihang , Wang Yiran , Peng Dingchuan , Fang Yigong , Yan Lei , Ruan Zhuolin , Zhang Sheng , Zhao Yong , Zhang Wendan , Shang Wei , Feng Zhichun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe complement system, comprising over 30 proteins, is integral to the immune system, and the coagulation system is critical for vascular homeostasis. The activation of the complement and coagulation systems involves an organized proteolytic cascade, and the overactivation of these systems is a central pathogenic mechanism in several diseases. This review describes the role of complement and coagulation system activation in critical illness, particularly sepsis. The complexities of sepsis reveal significant knowledge gaps that can be compared to a profound abyss, highlighting the urgent need for further investigation and exploration. It is well recognized that the inflammatory network, coagulation, and complement systems are integral mechanisms through which multiple factors contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and may result in a disordered immune response during septic events in patients. Given the overlapping pathogenic mechanisms in sepsis, immunomodulatory therapies currently under development may be particularly beneficial for patients with sepsis who have concurrent infections. Herein, we present recent findings regarding the molecular relationships between the coagulation and complement pathways in the advancement of sepsis, and propose potential intervention targets related to the crosstalk between coagulation and complement, aiming to provide more valuable treatment of sepsis.
Fidelity of global tropical cyclone activity in a new reanalysis dataset (CRA40)
Authors: Li Jinxiao , Tian Qun , Shen Zili , Xu Yongfang , Yan Zixiang , Li Majun , Zhu Chuandong , Xue Jiaqing , Lin Zouxing , Yang Yaoxian , Zeng Lingjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study systematically evaluated global tropical cyclone (TC) activity in a new global atmospheric reanalysis dataset named the “40‐year Global Reanalysis” (CRA40) against the best track data. For comparison, four state‐of‐the‐art reanalyses—ERA5, JRA55, CFSR, and MERRA2—were also assessed. The results showed that there is a general underestimation of global TC genesis frequency and intensity in both CRA40 and other reanalyses. A detailed investigation of spatial distribution, seasonality, interannual variation, and long‐term trend for TC genesis frequency, as well as pressure–wind relationship for TC intensity, revealed similarities and differences among these reanalyses datasets. Overall, CRA40 does not exhibit clear advantages over other reanalyses in these aspects, but its biases are also not more pronounced. However, regarding TC translation speed, CRA40 outpeforms other reanalyses, evident by its high level of consistency with the observation in the zonal average pattern, meridional distribution at peak latitudes, and interannual variation, suggesting its reasonable capability in capturing large‐scale atmospheric characteristics. Our findings indicate that the use of CRA40 is appropriate for conducting TC‐related studies, within the scope of its limitations.
Micronutrients and Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Ruilong , Lin Jinran , Liu Qingmei , Wu Wenyu , Wu Jinfeng , Liu Xiao 
Published: October 2024

ScopeHair loss is a common problem that can negatively impact individuals' psychological well‐being. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is one of the most prevalent types of nonscarring hair loss. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the relationship between AGA and various micronutrients, including vitamin B, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, selenium, zinc, manganese, and copper.MethodsA literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles published between 1993 and 2023. The search identified 49 relevant articles.ResultsThe findings suggest that deficiencies or imbalances in these micronutrients may contribute to the pathogenesis of AGA and represent modifiable risk factors for hair loss prevention and treatment. Vitamin B, vitamin D, iron, and zinc appear to play critical roles in hair growth and maintenance. Deficiencies in these micronutrients have been associated with increased risk of AGA, while supplementation with these nutrients has shown potential benefits in improving hair growth and preventing hair loss. However, the current evidence is not entirely consistent, with some studies reporting no significant associations.ConclusionDeficiencies or imbalances in specific vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin B, vitamin D, Fe, Se, and Zn are involved in the pathogenesis of AGA and may represent modifiable risk factors for the treatment and prevention of this condition.
A Novel BiOBr/CAU‐17 Composite with Enhanced Photo‐Catalytic Performance for Dye Degradation and Removal of Tetracycline Antibiotic Under Visible Light
Authors: Akhtar Mansoor , Ullah Khan Shifa , Mustafa Ghulam , Ahmad Muhammad , Ahamad Tansir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the low specific surface area and high recombinant light generation carriers of BiOBr, loading BiOBr onto suitable Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is an effective strategy to unleash its efficient visible light response and intrinsic catalytic activity. In this study, using classic MOF CAU‐17 as a precursor, using a straightforward co‐precipitation technique, four BiOBr/CAU‐17 composites with distinct MOF contents values BCAU‐1, BCAU‐2, BC, AU‐3, and BCAU‐4 were created, and their photo‐catalytic characteristics were examined. The BCAU‐2 composite exhibited much higher photo‐catalytic degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) and Tetracycline (TC) than the pristine materials, counter compositions, and early reported materials. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and EDX results revealed the strong synergistic photo‐catalytic effect of BiOBr and CAU‐17. The photocatalytic degradation of TC was significantly enhanced by the BiOBr bimetal modification, with the 2 wt.% BiOBr/CAU‐17 nanocomposite achieving an 87.2 % degradation of TC and 82 % Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal within 60 min. The high photo‐degradation efficiency of BCAU‐2 composite should be attributed to the efficient transfer of photo‐generated carriers at interfaces and the synergistic effect between BiOBr/CAU‐17. Furthermore, the experiments on the capture of the active species proved that the main active free radicals involved in the degradation of RhB and TC are attributed to the photo‐induced holes h+ and ⋅ O2− under visible light. The catalyst's efficacy is corroborated by the outcomes of photoluminescence spectroscopy and photo current response. This study offers a new understanding for the design of green synthesis schemes for photo‐catalytic dye degradation and removal of certain antibiotics from the aquatic environment.
The Impact of COVID‐19 Lockdown and Post‐Lockdown Period on Acute Psychiatric Admissions for Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder
Authors: Kelbrick Marlene , da Silva Ksenija , Griffiths Chris , Ansari Saba , Mann Nick , Johnson Sara , Paduret Gabriela , Tanner James 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of people with emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), with reports of maladaptive coping mechanisms, reduced mental health support and quality of life. In this study, the authors examine the impact of COVID‐19 lockdown and post‐lockdown period on acute psychiatric admission rates in an NHS Trust in people diagnosed with EUPD. In addition, the authors analyse whether patient profiles and the seasonal pattern of admission were impacted by COVID‐19 in this population. The study highlights the need for preventative clinical care pathways with increased access and service responsiveness, adjusted to fit local needs at times of confinement policies and additionally more research into seasonal patterns of admission in those with EUPD.
In Situ Fabrication of Al@C Nanocomposite Energetic Additives via Pulsed Discharge in Cyclohexane
Authors: Jia Rongzhao , Jia Shenli , Zhang Jiajian , Mo Yongpeng , Shi Zongqian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA method for in situ fabrication of Al@C nanocomposite energetic additives through pulsed discharge in liquid cyclohexane has been proposed. The obtained Al@C nanocomposites consist of large aluminum nanoparticles (over 100 nm) enveloped by fullerenes and a carbon matrix with smaller aluminum particles (under 100 nm) embedded within. DSC–TGA curves indicate that the heat release of Al@C is higher than that of micron‐sized and nano‐sized aluminum particles. Al@C nanocomposites effectively reduce the ignition delay for liquid fuels. The energy efficiency of this method is much higher than that of continuous arc ablation, with a yield of up to 2.5 mg/min. This method allows for the simple, convenient, and safe fabrication of energetic additives, presenting a promising prospect for large‐scale industrial production.
Transcriptome analyses reveal common immune system dysregulation in PAH patients and Kcnk3‐deficient rats
Authors: Ruffenach Grégoire , Le Ribeuz Hélène , Dutheil Mary , El Jekmek Kristell , Dumont Florent , Willer Anaïs Saint‐Martin , Humbert Marc , Capuano Véronique , Medzikovic Lejla , Eghbali Mansoureh , Montani David , Antigny Fabrice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease caused by progressive distal pulmonary artery obstruction. One cause of PAH are loss‐of‐function mutations in the potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3). KCNK3 encodes a two‐pore domain potassium channel, which is crucial for pulmonary circulation homeostasis. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying KCNK3 dysfunction in PAH is still incomplete. Taking advantage of unique Kcnk3‐deficient rats, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes in the lungs from homozygous Kcnk3‐deficient rats and wild‐type (WT) littermates and compared them to PAH patient transcriptomic data. Transcriptome analysis of lung tissue obtained from WT and Kcnk3‐deficient rats identified 1915 down‐ or upregulated genes. In addition, despite limited similarities at the gene level, we found a strong common signature at the pathway level in PAH patients and Kcnk3‐deficient rat lungs, especially for immune response. Using the dysregulated genes involved in the immune response, we identified Spleen Associated Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), a significantly downregulated gene in human PAH patients and Kcnk3‐deficient rats, as a hub gene. Our data suggests that the altered immune system response observed in PAH patients may be partly explained by KCNK3 dysfunction through the alteration of SYK expression.
Synthesis of New Structural Thiosemicarbazones and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Activities Against E. Coli
Authors: Elmusa Safa , Elmusa Muna , Elmusa Fatima , Karaer Ozmen Fadime , Kasimogullari Rahmi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives with potential antibacterial activity. Through a systematic two‐step synthesis process, involving the preparation of substitute aldehydes (A1–A6) followed by the formation of thiosemicarbazone derivatives (S1–S6), novel compounds (S1, S2) were successfully obtained. The structures of the synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, LC/MS, UV‐Vis, and SEM‐EDX. The results highlight the significance of sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazole‐thiosemicarbazide derivatives (S1, S2), demonstrating its superior efficiency compared to acetic acid. The compounds exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity against E. coli, with compounds S3–S6 showing promising results with MIC values below 25 mg/mL. These findings indicate the potential of these compounds as antibacterial agents. Overall, the successful synthesis and characterization of these novel derivatives open avenues for further research into their potential pharmacological applications. The findings of this study lay the foundation for future studies aimed at optimizing these compounds for enhanced antimicrobial activity and exploring their therapeutic potential in treating bacterial infections.
Impact of Different Substituents on Thermal Curing and Flame‐Retardant Behaviors of 2,2′‐Methylenebis(4‐nitrophenol)‐Based (Poly)benzoxazines
Authors: Mathimani Janapriya , Ramachandran Sasikumar , Devaraj Poornesh , Govindaraj Latha , Muthukaruppan Alagar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolymerization of benzoxazine at low temperatures is important because the high‐temperature polymerization restricts its utilization in a wide range of applications, though the polybenzoxazines possess excellent properties. The effect of nitro functionality and various substituents on the thermal curing of benzoxazine and the flame‐retardant behavior are mainly focused in this study. In the present work, 2,2′‐methylenebis(4‐nitrophenol) (NBP) was synthesized from 4‐nitrophenol and is used for the synthesis of benzoxazine derivatives with five structurally different aromatic amines. As the synthesized benzoxazine contains nitro‐groups in the phenolic part and various substituted functional groups in different positions of the amine part, the curing temperatures significantly varied among each other. The effect of different substituents on the thermal ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of benzoxazine was studied with exotherms of the DSC thermogram. The 4‐fluoroaniline and 2‐aminobenzotrifluoride‐based benzoxazines show the highest and lowest curing temperatures of 272 and 189 °C, respectively, which is based on their substituents and their position that can act as an internal catalyst. The resulting polybenzoxazines possess higher char yield (49% ≤ 63%) and higher values of LOI (37 ≤ 43) including excellent flame retardant (UL94‐V0) behaviors suggesting that the polybenzoxazine can be used as coatings for high‐performance industrial applications.
Boron Lewis Acids Mediated C(sp3)‐Sulfonylation of Isoindolinone Derivatives
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Yu Zhichen , Jiang Xiaomeng , Ding Yuxin , Zhang Changjun , Xie Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn efficient boron Lewis acids mediated sulfonylation reaction has been successfully developed for the synthesis of C(sp3)‐sulfonylation isoindolinones, utilizing various γ‐hydroxy lactams and sulfonic nucleophile. The prominent features of the present strategy include wide substrate scope, excellent group tolerability, high atom economy, and moderate to good yields (up to 97 % yield).
Implementing Lattice and Energy Level Matching to Optimize Buried Interfaces for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Yapeng , Zhang Jiankai , Yu Bo , Yu Huangzhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn n‐i‐p type perovskite solar cells (PSCs), mismatches in energy level and lattice at the buried interface is highly detrimental to device performance. Here, thin PbS interconnect layer in situ coating on the SnO2 surface is grown. The function of PbS at the interface is different from the commonly used function of crystalline seeds in perovskite bulk. The theoretical calculation show that it helps construct an interconnect structure of SnO2/PbS/Perovskite with matched energy level and lattice. This not only increases conductivity of SnO2, but also upshifts Fermi energy levels (EF) of both SnO2 and buried perovskite due to charge transfer and perovskite's internal defect changes. Such a suitable energy level arrangement ensures a better energy level match at the interface, favoring efficient charge transfer and less open circuit voltage (Voc) loss. Additionally, in situ PL reveals that the template effect of PbS enable perovskite grain to grow bottom‐up because of their highly matched lattice parameters. This growth mode optimizes buried interface contact and crystallinity of perovskite. Ultimately, after PbS modification, a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 24% and better device stability are obtained. This work demonstrates an effective interconnect layers strategy to realize ideal interface contact toward high‐performance PSCs.
Wheat Germ Agglutinin‐Modified “Three‐in‐One” Multifunctional Probe Driven Broad‐Spectrum and Flexible Immunochromatographic Diagnosis of viruses With High Sensitivity
Authors: Wu Ting , Liu Yun , Zhou Sihai , Li Jiaxuan , Sun Guohui , Gu Bing , Wang Chongwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe conventional lateral flow assay (LFA) fails to the demands for the accurate screening of viruses as a result of its low sensitivity of colorimetric signal output and poor universality limited by antibody pairs. Here, a magnetically assisted dual‐signal output LFA platform is developed for the ultrasensitive, universal, and flexible detection of viruses. A “three‐in‐one” multifunctional probe (MAuDQD) is prepared using a 180 nm Fe3O4 core to load numerous Au nanoparticles (NPs) and two layers of QDs, which can substantially improve the sensitivity of LFA through coupling with the effects of magnetic enrichment and colorimetric/fluorescent enhancement. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)‐modified MAuDQD attained the broad‐spectrum capture viral membrane proteins and the colorimetric/fluorescent dual‐mode detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and monkeypox virus (MPXV) on the LFA strip. In the colorimetric mode, the target viruses detected directly, with the visual sensitivity reaching 0.1–0.5 ng mL−1 and the fluorescent mode supported quantitative analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2/MPXV with limits of detection decreasing to pg mL−1 level. Practicability of the MAuDQD@WGA‐LFA is verified through the detection of 33 real clinical samples, showing the proposed assay has a great potential to become a sensitive, accurate, and universal tool for on‐site monitoring of viral infections.
Neural Network‐Enabled Multiparametric Impedance Signal Templating for High throughput Single‐Cell Deformability Cytometry Under Viscoelastic Extensional Flows
Authors: Jarmoshti Javad , Siddique Abdullah‐Bin , Rane Aditya , Mirhosseini Shaghayegh , Adair Sara J. , Bauer Todd W. , Caselli Federica , Swami Nathan S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCellular biophysical metrics exhibit systematic alterations during processes, such as metastasis and immune cell activation, which can be used to identify and separate live cell subpopulations for targeting drug screening. Image‐based biophysical cytometry under extensional flows can accurately quantify cell deformability based on cell shape alterations but needs extensive image reconstruction, which limits its inline utilization to activate cell sorting. Impedance cytometry can measure these cell shape alterations based on electric field screening, while its frequency response offers functional information on cell viability and interior structure, which are difficult to discern by imaging. Furthermore, 1‐D temporal impedance signal trains exhibit characteristic shapes that can be rapidly templated in near real‐time to extract single‐cell biophysical metrics to activate sorting. We present a multilayer perceptron neural network signal templating approach that utilizes raw impedance signals from cells under extensional flow, alongside its training with image metrics from corresponding cells to derive net electrical anisotropy metrics that quantify cell deformability over wide anisotropy ranges and with minimal errors from cell size distributions. Deformability and electrical physiology metrics are applied in conjunction on the same cell for multiparametric classification of live pancreatic cancer cells versus cancer associated fibroblasts using the support vector machine model.