bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trajectories of plant functional traits in mediterranean grasslands under different grazing regimes
Authors: Al Hajj Nour , Bricca Alessandro , Caria Maria Carmela , Gascòn Stéphanie , Piga Giovanna , Pulina Antonio , Rivieccio Giovanni , Hassoun George , Bonari Gianmaria , Bagella Simonetta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsMediterranean grasslands are semi‐natural ecosystems that have been affected by land‐use intensification and abandonment during the past decades. Adaptative multi‐paddock grazing regimes, where grazing alternates with long periods of vegetation recovery, have been proposed as a more biodiversity‐friendly management compared with continuous grazing. This study aimed to compare the effect of these two different grazing regimes on a set of plant traits in mediterranean grassland vegetation over time.LocationCentral part of Sardinia (Italy) at 350 m a.s.l. in a permanent grassland system.MethodsWe applied the point quadrat method to quantify the specific contribution of each species along permanent transects in spring and winter from 2018 to 2022. We considered the following plant traits: leaf dry matter content, life forms, flowering start and length of flowering. Overall, we performed 128 surveys and measured traits for 61 species. We ran a linear mixed model to test the effect of season, grazing regimes and years on functional diversity and community‐weighted mean for single traits.ResultsAdaptative multi‐paddock regimes over time increased the leaf dry matter content. However, compared with grazing regimes, seasonality through time had the greatest effect on flowering traits and life forms.ConclusionThe relatively small variation in the plant traits suggests that the mediterranean grassland was rather stable despite wide variation in grazing regimes, probably linked to their long history of human association. Nonetheless, adaptative multi‐paddock regimes may have higher beneficial effects compared with continuous grazing, favouring more palatable species and improving soil fertility. By contrast, the high variation in the plant traits over time suggests a high vulnerability of the same grassland to climatic changes.
Inter‐regional pharmacokinetics and exposure–response analyses of belimumab in patients with system lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wu Junyi , Zhou Xuan , Dimelow Richard , Marshall Scott 
Published: September 2024

AimsThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of belimumab, a human immunoglobulin G1λ (IgG1λ) monoclonal antibody treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have been well reported. Clinical PK data in healthy participants and patients with SLE from Mainland China suggest lower‐than‐expected belimumab exposure. This study assessed inter‐regional differences in belimumab exposure and efficacy via the exposure–response relationship to inform any dose‐adjustment requirements.MethodsData from nine interventional belimumab studies in healthy participants and patients with SLE were used to update two‐compartment PK models with first‐order subcutaneous (SC) absorption, and a logistic regression model characterizing the 52‐week SLE Responder Index (SRI) response in adult and paediatric patients with SLE. Covariates of belimumab PK and efficacy were identified using forward selection (P > .05) and backward elimination (P < .01). The models were evaluated using statistical tests and visual predictive checks.ResultsBaseline fat‐free mass was the most significant covariate affecting belimumab PK; baseline albumin and IgG concentrations were also PK covariates. After adjusting for covariates, Mainland Chinese patients had significantly higher observed belimumab clearance (28%) and central volume of distribution (20%) than other populations, leading to lower‐than‐expected exposures. Despite this, following the same dose, they were expected to have almost identical SRI response rates vs. other populations from the exposure–response analysis.ConclusionsBelimumab 10 mg kg−1 intravenously every 4 weeks, or 200 mg SC every week, would achieve the maximum treatment effect for North East Asian patients with SLE (including Mainland Chinese) and similar responses to patients from other regions, despite lower reported exposures in Chinese patients.
Macrophage and chondrocyte phenotypes in inflammation
Authors: Pemmari Antti , Moilanen Eeva 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInflammation is a complex biological process protecting the body from diverse external threats. Effectively performing this task requires an intricate, well‐regulated interplay of different cells and tissues. Furthermore, several cells participating in inflammation can assume diverse phenotypes.A classic and relatively well‐studied example of phenotypic diversity in inflammation is macrophage polarization. Based on the TH1/TH2 phenotypes of T helper cells, this scheme has proinflammatory “classical/M1” activation contrasted with the anti‐inflammatory and healing‐promoting “alternative/M2” phenotype. Some authors have extended the concept into an M17 phenotype induced by the classic TH17 cytokine IL‐17. Phenotypic changes in chondrocytes have also been studied especially in the context of osteoarthritis (OA), and there are indications that these cells can also assume polarized phenotypes at least partly analogous to those of TH cells and macrophages. The therapeutic success of biological agents targeting TH1/TH2/TH17 inductor and/or effector cytokines displays the utility of the concept of polarization. The aim of this focused review is to survey the internal and external factors affecting macrophage and chondrocyte phenotypes (such as inflammatory cytokines, widely used medications and natural products) and to explore the possibility of ameliorating pathological states by modulating these phenotypes.
Contribution of hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) circuits to pathologies of motivation
Authors: Mohammadkhani Aida , Mitchell Caitlin , James Morgan H. , Borgland Stephanie L. , Dayas Christopher V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe orexin (also known as hypocretin) system, consisting of neuropeptides orexin‐A and orexin‐B, was discovered over 25 years ago and was immediately identified as a central regulator of sleep and wakefulness. These peptides interact with two G‐protein coupled receptors, orexin 1 (OX1) and orexin 2 (OX2) receptors which are capable of coupling to all heterotrimeric G‐protein subfamilies, but primarily transduce increases in calcium signalling. Orexin neurons are regulated by a variety of transmitter systems and environmental stimuli that signal reward availability, including food and drug related cues. Orexin neurons are also activated by anticipation, stress, cues predicting motivationally relevant information, including those predicting drugs of abuse, and engage neuromodulatory systems, including dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to respond to these signals. As such, orexin neurons have been characterized as motivational activators that coordinate a range of functions, including feeding and arousal, that allow the individual to respond to motivationally relevant information, critical for survival. This review focuses on the role of orexins in appetitive motivation and highlights a role for these neuropeptides in pathologies characterized by inappropriately high levels of motivated arousal (overeating, anxiety and substance use disorders) versus those in which motivation is impaired (depression).
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Paclitaxel Combinations Against Breast Carcinoma and Identification of In Vivo Biomarkers
Authors: Mehmood Aamir , Ali Mohd Sajid , Li Daixi , Kaushik Aman Chandra , Wei Dong‐Qing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBreast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of high mortality rates in women worldwide. Although advancements have been made in the design of therapeutic strategies and drug discovery, drug resistance remains one of the key challenges. One of the ways to overcome drug resistance is finding potential drug combinations since the efficacy of combined drugs is higher than their individual efficacies if the combination is a synergistic pair. Therefore, the current study uses a BC patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) dataset to evaluate the effects of various cancer drugs on breast cancer in vivo models. The drug effects are further validated by four machine learning models, namely Elastic Net, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection (LASSO), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forests (RF), as well as exploring the shortlisted drugs in combination with paclitaxel, a baseline drug for enhanced efficacy on tumor volume reduction. Additionally, the study also shortlists the top 50 in vivo biomarkers correlated with the effects of the drugs. The outcomes could be significantly important for the design of an effective anti‐breast cancer therapy.
Myrtenol‐Loaded Fatty Acid Nanocarriers Protect Rat Brains Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Karimi Afshar Shima , Rostamzadeh Farzaneh , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza , Mortazavi Moghadam Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis research investigated the preventive effects of myrtenol (MYR), fatty acid nanocarriers (FANC), and myrtenol‐loaded FANC (MYR + FANC) on neurological disturbance, stroke volume, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in the brain with ischemia–reperfusion injuries induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Seventy two Wistar male rats were divided into six main groups. The groups were sham, ischemia–reperfusion group (MACO), MACO‐MYR (50 mg/kg), MACO‐FANC (50 and 100 mg/kg), and MACO‐MYR + FANC (50 mg/kg). Stroke volume, neurological deficit scores, and the brain levels of MDA, SOD, and TNF‐α were examined with TTC staining, observation, and ELISA, respectively. Pretreatment with MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC reduced the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume. MYR, FANC (100 mg/kg), and MYR + FANC pretreatment increased and decreased brain SOD and MDA levels compared to MACO group, respectively. The TNF‐α level decreased in the MYR + FANC group compared to MCAO and MCAO‐MYR groups in the brain. The use of FANC (100 mg/kg), MYR, and MYR + FANC has protective effects against oxidative stress and ischemia–reperfusion injury. FANC probably improve the bioavailability of MYR, as MYR+ FANC had more therapeutic effects on the reduction of ischemia–reperfusion injuries, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Expression of microRNA induced by postoperative delirium‐like behavior is associated with long‐term default mode network disruption: Sequencing and a secondary analysis of resting‐state fMRI data
Authors: Liu Yang , Feng Huiru , Fu Huiqun , Nie Binbin , Wang Tianlong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsResting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) has been widely used in studying default mode network (DMN) changes in postoperative delirium (POD). Reproducibility and interpretability of the analyzing results remain insufficiently studied.MethodsDelirium‐like behavior was induced by tibial fixation surgery under isoflurane anesthesia. Firstly, we evaluated delirium‐like behavior and inflammatory responses in hippocampus and systemic level. Then the expressions of microRNA (miRNA) and target gene were sequenced and validated. Afterwards the functional connectivity (FC) in DMN was analyzed. Finally, results were correlated with DMN changes.ResultsPOD‐like behavior caused significant changes of miR‐34b‐5p, miR‐328‐5p, and miR‐3505 in miRNA level and Nos1, Tubb3, and Gys1 in the gene level. The FC in left and right hippocampus (L‐Hip and R‐Hip) and right auditory cortex (R‐AC) was found significantly changed. Significant correlations were found in FCL‐Hip/R‐AC and FCR‐Hip/R‐AC for miR‐34b‐5p and miR‐3505, as well as Nos1 and Tubb3. For miR‐328‐5p, no significant correlations were found.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that POD‐like behavior induced significant miRNA and gene expression changes were associated with hippocampus related long‐term FC disruption in DMN. The results increased reproducibility and interpretability for standardized rs‐fMRI data analysis, as well as providing potential targets for postoperative delirium treatment.
Synergistic effects of ZrO2 and La2O3 on the phase stability and optical–electronic properties of Y2O3
Authors: Tripathi Harshit , Sharma Nikhil , Sharma Jagmohan Datt 
Published: September 2024

AbstractYttrium oxide has the potential to be used as a host material for creating polycrystalline transparent ceramics (PTCs). This paper presents an experimental study on opto‐electrical properties of using zirconium oxide and lanthanum oxide as sintering aids via the co‐precipitation technique. The sintering aids improve the properties, sintering process, and lower the sintering temperature. Five different compositions of were synthesized and they were then used to analyze for their structural, morphological, physio‐chemical, and electrical characteristics. For the system studied, the addition of and does not change the phase of pure , but an increase in the crystal and grain size from to and 10.2 µm to 16.4 µm was noticed. The thermal characterization over thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal calorimetry (TGA/DSC) determines the temperature at which pure undergoes a phase transition, specifically over 700°C. A reduction in the band gap due to strain induced by the dopant resulted in a decrease in energy from to . The dielectric constant of doped with exhibits a significant increase of .
Clinical signature and associated immune metabolism of NLRP1 in pan‐cancer
Authors: Liao Yong , Yang Pinglian , Yang Cui , Zhuang Kai , Fahira Aamir , Wang Jiaojiao , Liu Zhiping , Yan Lin , Huang Zunnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInflammations have been linked to tumours, suggesting a potential association between NLRP1 and cancer. Nevertheless, a systematic assessment of NLRP1's role across various cancer types currently absent. A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was conducted to determine whether NLRP1 exhibits prognostic relevance linked to immune metabolism across various cancers. The study leveraged data from the TCGA and GTEx databases to explore the clinical significance, metabolic features, and immunological characteristics of NLRP1, employing various tools such as R, GEPIA, STRING and TISIDB. NLRP1 exhibited differential expression patterns across various cancers, with elevated expression correlating with a more favourable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Downregulation of NLRP1 reduced tumour metabolic activity in LUAD. Moreover, the mutational signature of NLRP1 was linked to a favourable prognosis. Interestingly, high NLRP1 expression inversely correlated with tumour stemness while positively correlating with tumour immune infiltration in various cancers including LUAD and PAAD. Through extensive big data analysis, we delved into the role of NLRP1 across various tumour types, constructing a comprehensive role map of its involvement in pan‐cancer scenarios. Our findings highlight the potential of NLRP1 as a promising therapeutic target specifically in LUAD and PAAD.
Asymmetric Free Trade Agreements and Misalignment of Incentives: Lessons From the European Union–Turkey Customs Union
Authors: El‐Sahli Zouheir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnder the European Union (EU)–Turkey customs union, the EU can negotiate free trade agreements (FTAs) with third countries without Turkey's involvement. Simultaneously, Turkey is required to apply the same external tariffs and standards and negotiate its own FTAs in line with the EU. This leads to asymmetries and misalignment of incentives in Turkey's trade relationships. This study utilizes the peculiar nature of this arrangement to explore the asymmetric FTAs and their effects on Turkey and the Union. We find no effect of asymmetric FTAs on Turkish trade. This finding can be explained partially by evidence that Turkish compliance with EU tariffs is low for asymmetric FTAs. This is especially the case for the goods category in which Turkey specializes, and the divergence extends to at least 10 years after the EU signs an asymmetric FTA. As customs unions require that external trade policy be symmetric across all members for them to function optimally, this divergence in tariffs between Turkey and the EU needs to be addressed by removing the misalignment of incentives.
Rodent model of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Shan , Li Hong‐Zheng , Li Liang , Xie Cheng‐Zhi , Gao Jia‐Ming , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Hui‐Yu , Hao Wei , Fu Jian‐Hua , Guo Hao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough significant progress has been made in developing preclinical models for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), few have encapsulated the essential biological and clinical outcome elements reflective of the human condition. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of English‐language original research articles published from 1990 to 2023, sourced from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, aiming to collate studies that provided a comparative analysis of physiological, metabolic, and hepatic histological characteristics between MASLD models and control groups. The establishment of a robust metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver rodent model hinges on various factors, including animal species and strains, sex, induction agents and methodologies, and the duration of induction. Through this review, we aim to guide researchers in selecting suitable induction methods and animal species for constructing preclinical models aligned with their specific research objectives and laboratory conditions. Future studies should strive to develop simple, reliable, and reproducible models, considering the model's sensitivity to factors such as light–dark cycles, housing conditions, and environmental temperature. Additionally, the potential of diverse in vitro models, including 3D models and liver organ technology, warrants further exploration as valuable tools for unraveling the cellular mechanisms underlying fatty liver disease.
Flexural strength, fracture toughness, translucency, stain resistance, and water sorption of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional denture base materials
Authors: Lawson Nathaniel C. , Safadi Yamen , Alford Aaron , Aggarwal Himanshi , Bora Pranit V. , Lawson Thomas J. , Givan Daniel A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare mechanical, optical, and physical properties of denture base materials fabricated with various 3D printing systems to reference milled and conventionally heat‐processed denture base materials.Materials and MethodsSpecimens of denture base materials were either 3D‐printed (DLP in‐office printer, CLIP laboratory printer, or material jetting laboratory printer), milled, or heat processed. 3‐point bend flexural strength testing was performed after 50 hours of water storage following 1hour of drying (dry testing) or in 37°C water (wet testing). Fracture toughness was performed with a notched beam specimen after 7 days of water storage and tested dry. The translucency parameter was measured with 2 mm thick specimens. Stain resistance was measured as color change following 14 days of storage in 37°C coffee. Water sorption was measured following 7 days of storage in 37°C distilled water.ResultsFor dry testing, all but one of the 3D‐printed materials attained higher or equivalent flexural strength as the reference materials. For wet testing, all 3D‐printed materials attained higher or equivalent strength as the reference materials and dry‐tested materials. For 3D‐printed materials, wet testing increased displacement before fracture whereas it decreased displacement for the reference materials. Only two of the 3D‐printed materials had similar fracture toughness as the reference materials. One of the 3D‐printed materials was more translucent and one was more opaque than the reference materials. Only one of the 3D‐printed materials absorbed more water than the reference materials.Conclusion3D‐printed denture base materials have mostly equivalent mechanical, optical, and physical properties to conventional and milled denture base materials.
Reinforcement of 3D‐printed resins for denture base by adding aramid fibers: Effect on mechanical, surface, and optical properties
Authors: Morel Laura Lourenço , Almeida Marcus Vinícius Rocha de , Santos Karoline Moraes dos , Praseres Maryana Fernandes , Gonçalves Girundi Ana Luíza , Alexandrino Larissa Dolfini , Silva Wander José da 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe present study evaluated the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of 3D‐printed resins for removable prostheses reinforced by the addition of aramid fibers.Materials and MethodsAccording to ISO 20795‐1:2013 standards, specimens were printed using a digital light processing 3D printer and divided into two groups (n = 06/group): 3D‐printed resin for denture base as the control group, and a group with the same 3D‐printed resin in addition of 5% aramid fibers as the experimental group. Red aramid fibers were chosen for aesthetic characterization. The specimens were evaluated for their mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus (GPa), flexural strength (MPa), and superficial properties by their surface microhardness (KHN), surface roughness (μm), and surface free energy (mJ/m2). Optical properties were evaluated by the color difference (∆E00) between groups. The statistical test chosen after the exploratory analysis of the data was One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05).ResultsThe results showed statistical differences in elastic modulus (p < 0.0001), flexural strength (p < 0.0001), surface free energy polar variable (p = 0.0322), total surface free energy (p = 0.0344), with higher values for the experimental. Surface hardness and surface roughness showed no statistical difference (p ≥ 0.05). The color difference (∆E00) obtained through the CIEDE2000 calculus was below the perceptibility threshold (≤1.1).ConclusionAdding aramid fibers to 3D‐printed resin for denture bases resulted in better mechanical properties, without major alterations in surface properties. In addition, it is an easy‐to‐apply choice for mechanical reinforcement and aesthetic characterization, with the expression of small blood vessels in the 3D‐printed resin for removable denture bases.
Will the Dark Triad Engender Psychopathological Symptoms or Vice Versa? A Three‐Wave Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Analysis
Authors: Wei Mengpei , Li Jingguang , Wang Xingbo , Su Zhenglian , Luo Yu L. L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Dark Triad (DT), including narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, represents the dark side of human nature and has been related to psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress). However, little is known about how the two constructs are related longitudinally. To fill this gap and to clarify the directionality between them, we conducted a longitudinal study.MethodsWe measured DT traits and psychopathological symptoms in a large sample of university students (NT1 = 1815) annually for 3 years. We implemented random intercept cross‐lagged panel models in analysis.ResultsNarcissism and psychopathological symptoms showed a reciprocal relationship at the within‐person level: greater narcissism preceded a decline in psychopathological symptoms, while more severe symptoms preceded a decrease in narcissism. Within the same individual, increases in the DT, particularly psychopathy and Machiavellianism, were linked to concurrent escalations in the symptoms. Additionally, all DT traits were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms as stable differences between individuals.ConclusionsThis study constitutes an important step in clarifying the directionality between the DT and psychopathological symptoms, and advances our understanding of the interplay between these two constructs at both the between‐person and within‐person levels.