bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with high CRLF2 gene expression in childhood
Authors: Schmäh Juliane , Fedders Birthe , Panzer‐Grümayer Renate , Fischer Susanna , Zimmermann Martin , Dagdan Elif , Bens Susanne , Schewe Denis , Moericke Anja , Alten Julia , Bleckmann Kirsten , Siebert Reiner , Schrappe Martin , Stanulla Martin , Cario Gunnar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundA high‐level expression of the CRLF2 gene is frequent in precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pB‐ALL) and can be caused by different genetic aberrations. The presence of the most frequent alteration, the P2RY8/CRLF2 fusion, was shown to be associated with a high relapse incidence in children treated according to ALL‐Berlin–Frankfurt–Münster (BFM) protocols, which is poorly understood. Moreover, the frequency of other alterations has not been systematically analyzed yet.ProcedureCRLF2 mRNA expression and potential genetic aberrations causing a CRLF2 high expression were prospectively assessed in 1,105 patients treated according to the Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP)–BFM ALL 2009 protocol. Additionally, we determined copy number alterations in selected B‐cell differentiation genes for all CRLF2 high‐expressing pB‐ALL cases, as well as JAK2 and CRLF2 mutations.ResultsA CRLF2 high expression was detected in 26/178 (15%) T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) cases, 21 of them (81%) had been stratified as high‐risk patients by treatment response. In pB‐ALL, a CRLF2 high expression was determined in 91/927 (10%) cases; the P2RY8/CRLF2 rearrangement in 44/91 (48%) of them, supernumerary copies of CRLF2 in 18/91 (20%), and, notably, the IGH/CRLF2 translocation was detected in 16/91 (18%). Remarkably, 7 of 16 (44%) patients with IGH/CRLF2 translocation had already relapsed. P2RY8/CRLF2‐ and IGH/CRLF2‐positive samples (70 and 94%, respectively) were characterized by a high frequency of additional deletions in B‐cell differentiation genes such as IKZF1 or PAX5.ConclusionOur data suggest that this high frequency of genetic aberrations in the context of a high CRLF2 expression could contribute to the high risk of relapse in P2RY8/CRLF2‐ and IGH/CRLF2‐positive ALL.
Verantwortungszurechnung im EU-Mehrebenensystem während der Eurokrise: Wer kontrollierte die Troika-Institutionen?
Authors: da Conceição-Heldt Eugénia 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungMit der Einrichtung der Troika-Institutionen hat die Frage der Kontrollmöglichkeiten und Verschränkung von Macht im EU-Mehrebenensystem an Bedeutung gewonnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht dieser Beitrag die Verantwortungszurechnung (accountability) der Troika-Institutionen während der Eurokrise. Dabei argumentiere ich, dass Delegations- und Treuhandmodi unterschiedlichen Logiken der Verantwortungszurechnung entsprechen, in denen die Kontrolle der Agenten oder Treuhänder durch die Prinzipale oder Begünstigten auf verschiedenen Ebenen stattfindet. Während im Delegationsmodus formale Kontrollmechanismen überwiegen, sind diese im Treuhandmodus informeller Art. Zur Illustration des Arguments vergleicht der Beitrag diese zwei Modi im Hinblick auf die darin verankerten Kontrollmechanismen: die Delegationsbeziehung zwischen der Kommission und dem Rat der Europäischen Union einerseits sowie die Treuhandbeziehung zwischen der Europäischen Zentralbank und den Eurostaaten andererseits.
Poor nutrition and bullying behaviors: A comparison of deviant and non‐deviant youth
Authors: Jackson Dylan B. , Vaughn Michael G. , Salas‐Wright Christopher P. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTResearch on the topic of bullying has revealed that a substantial number of youth are bullied each year. Even so, a complete understanding of the origins of bullying behaviors remains elusive. In the current study, we propose that poor nutrition may constitute an important modifiable risk factor for bullying behaviors during adolescence, and that behavioral sensitivity to nutrition may vary across deviant and non‐deviant youth. We employ data from the US sample of youth (52% male) ages 10–17 from the 2009–2010 Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children (HBSC) study to examine our hypothesis (N = 8753). The results reveal that poor nutrition significantly increases the odds of persistent bullying among youth, and that this relationship is particularly pronounced for non‐deviant youth. The findings suggest that efforts to improve the nutrition of non‐deviant youth may have the added benefit of reducing their likelihood of engaging in persistent bullying behaviors.
Texas Bull Nettle (Cnidoscolus texanus) Exposures Reported to Texas Poison Centers
Authors: Forrester Mathias B. 
Published: April 2017

Objective Texas bull nettle ( Cnidoscolus texanus) is covered in bristly hairs similar to stinging nettle. Contact with the plant may result in intense dermal pain, burning, itching, cellulitis, and allergic reaction. This study characterizes C texanus exposures reported to a large state-wide poison center system. Methods Cases were C texanus exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000−2015. The distribution of cases was determined for patient demographics, exposure circumstances, and patient outcome. Results A total of 140 C texanus exposures were identified. Twenty percent of the patients were aged ≤5 years, 21% were 6 to 12 years, 5% were 13 to 19 years, and 51% were ≥20 years; and 51% of the patients were male. Eighty-one percent of the exposures occurred at the patient’s own residence, 11% in a public area, 2% at another residence, and 1% at school. Seventy-eight percent of the patients were managed on site, 13% were already at or en route to a health care facility, and 6% were referred to a health care facility. Eighty-eight percent of the exposures resulted in dermal effects: irritation or pain (56%), erythema or flushing (31%), edema (27%), pruritus (24%), rash (19%), puncture or wound (19%), and hives or welts (11%). Conclusions C texanus exposures reported to Texas poison centers were most likely to be unintentional and occur at the patient’s own residence. The outcomes of the exposures tended not to be serious and could be managed successfully outside of health care facilities.
TRADING BASED ON KNOWING THE WASDE REPORT IN ADVANCE
Authors: MILACEK TRENT T. , BRORSEN B. WADE 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPast research shows that prices move in response to World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) reports immediately prior to and after a report. This research develops trading models based on knowing the next WASDE report in advance. This should help traders evaluate investments to predict information contained within the report and in determining how best to use such forecasts. The price-forecasting models use regressions against the ratios of ending stocks to use. Results show a steady increasing return to trading over the report month. The highest returns are produced by trading during the growing and harvest seasons.
Why a Standardization of Strontium Isotope Baseline Environmental Data Is Needed and Recommendations for Methodology
Authors: Grimstead Deanna N. , Nugent Selin , Whipple Jean 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSince initial applications of strontium isotope human sourcing in the early 1990s, the use of the method has steadily increased in archaeology and in anthropology more broadly. Despite this trend, the collection of necessary baseline environmental data has not been standardized and sometimes does not occur at all. A thorough environmental sampling strategy will ensure that all the variability within a selected region is documented, which is a critical step to improving the accuracy of sourcing studies. Furthermore, shared strontium baseline data collections are needed to improve the intercomparability of datasets and results. This paper provides a case study from a semiarid region in northwestern New Mexico, USA, highlighting the need for a bottom-up approach to baseline data collection (from bedrock to animal) and describes the methods of pre-field planning and collecting, including rationales for what samples to collect for Sr isotope baseline data. The authors hope that this paper will lay a foundation for the implementation and standardization of Sr isotope baseline data collecting, which does not currently exist.
Estimating the Magnitude of Private Collection of Points and Its Effects on Professional Survey Results
Authors: Shott Michael J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTChipped-stone projectile points are used to mark the passage of time and cultures in the record. Archaeologists often recover points in surface survey, yet we do not know how many were found by private collectors before or after professional work. In a 1975–1977 Michigan probabilistic survey, professional archaeologists documented 30 private collections from 20 sample units. In those units, points found by private collectors outnumber professionally recovered ones by a factor of about 32. The survey region's point population estimated separately from the professional and private-collection samples differs by nearly an order of magnitude in favor of private collections, despite highly conservative assumptions about the latter. The number of points found in professional survey is inversely correlated with the number found in private collections, and the professional sample is more sparsely and randomly distributed. However, proportions of several common types are similar between professional and private collections. To the extent that large, reasonably complete samples of points are important for research and preservation, archaeologists must document private collections compiled in and near their survey areas.
Trajectory optimisation for a rocket-assisted hypersonic boost-glide vehicle
Authors: Rizvi S.T.I. , Linshu H. , Dajun X. , Shah S.I.A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, trajectory optimisation has been performed for a wing-body rocket assisted vehicle to compute the bestset of performance parameters including burn-out angle, angle-of-attack, bank-angle and throttle command that would result in optimal down-range and cross-range performance of the re-entry vehicle. An hp-adaptive Pseudospectral method has been used for the optimisation by combining the launch and rocket rocket-assisted re-entry stages. The purpose of the research is to compute optimal burn-out condition, angle-of-attack, bank-angle and optimal thrust segments that would maximise the down-range and cross-range performance of the hypersonic boost glide vehicle, under constrained heat rate environments. The variation of down-range/cross-range performance of rocket rocket-assisted hypersonic boost glide vehicle with bounds on diminishing heat rate has also been computed.
Epidemic risk and insurance coverage
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Picard Philippe , Simon Matthieu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper we aim to apply simple actuarial methods to build an insurance plan protecting against an epidemic risk in a population. The studied model is an extended SIR epidemic in which the removal and infection rates may depend on the number of registered removals. The costs due to the epidemic are measured through the expected epidemic size and infectivity time. The premiums received during the epidemic outbreak are measured through the expected susceptibility time. Using martingale arguments, a method by recursion is developed to calculate the cost components and the corresponding premium levels in this extended epidemic model. Some numerical examples illustrate the effect of removals and the premium calculation in an insurance plan.
Compare the ratio of symmetric polynomials of odds to one and stop
Authors: Matsui Tomomi , Ano Katsunori 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper we deal with an optimal stopping problem whose objective is to maximize the probability of selecting k out of the last ℓ successes, given a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials of length N, where k and ℓ are predetermined integers satisfying 1≤k≤ℓ<N. This problem includes some odds problems as special cases, e.g. Bruss’ odds problem, Bruss and Paindaveine’s problem of selecting the last ℓ successes, and Tamaki’s multiplicative odds problem for stopping at any of the last m successes. We show that an optimal stopping rule is obtained by a threshold strategy. We also present the tight lower bound and an asymptotic lower bound for the probability of a win. Interestingly, our asymptotic lower bound is attained by using a variation of the well-known secretary problem, which is a special case of the odds problem. Our approach is based on the application of Newton’s inequalities and optimization technique, which gives a unified view to the previous works.
Stochastic impulse control of exchange rates with Freidlin–Wentzell perturbations
Authors: Gagnon Gregory 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper pioneers a Freidlin–Wentzell approach to stochastic impulse control of exchange rates when the central bank desires to maintain a target zone. Pressure to stimulate the economy forces the bank to implement diffusion monetary policy involving Freidlin–Wentzell perturbations indexed by a parameter ε∈ [0,1]. If ε=0, the policy keeps exchange rates in the target zone for all times t≥0. When ε>0, exchange rates continually exit the target zone almost surely, triggering central bank interventions which force currencies back into the zone or abandonment of all targets. Interventions and target zone deviations are costly, motivating the bank to minimize these joint costs for any ε∈ [0,1]. We prove convergence of the value functions as ε→0 achieving a value function approximation for small ε. Via sample path analysis and cost function bounds, intervention followed by target zone abandonment emerges as the optimal policy.
Stability with respect to initial conditions in V-norm for nonlinear filters with ergodic observations
Authors: Gerber Mathieu , Whiteley Nick 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe establish conditions for an exponential rate of forgetting of the initial distribution of nonlinear filters in V-norm, allowing for unbounded test functions. The analysis is conducted in an general setup involving nonnegative kernels in a random environment which allows treatment of filters and prediction filters in a single framework. The main result is illustrated on two examples, the first showing that a total variation norm stability result obtained by Douc et al. (2009) can be extended to V-norm without any additional assumptions, the second concerning a situation in which forgetting of the initial condition holds in V-norm for the filters, but the V-norm of each prediction filter is infinite.
Reaching consensus on a connected graph
Authors: Haslegrave John , Puljiz Mate 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe study a simple random process in which vertices of a connected graph reach consensus through pairwise interactions. We compute outcome probabilities, which do not depend on the graph structure, and consider the expected time until a consensus is reached. In some cases we are able to show that this is minimised byKn. We prove an upper bound for thep=0 case and give a family of graphs which asymptotically achieve this bound. In order to obtain the mean of the waiting time we also study a gambler's ruin process with delays. We give the mean absorption time and prove that it monotonically increases withp∈[0,1∕2] for symmetric delays.
Small drift limit theorems for random walks
Authors: Schulte-Geers Ernst , Stadje Wolfgang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe show analogs of the classical arcsine theorem for the occupation time of a random walk in (−∞,0) in the case of a small positive drift. To study the asymptotic behavior of the total time spent in (−∞,0) we consider parametrized classes of random walks, where the convergence of the parameter to 0 implies the convergence of the drift to 0. We begin with shift families, generated by a centered random walk by adding to each step a shift constant a>0 and then letting a tend to 0. Then we study families of associated distributions. In all cases we arrive at the same limiting distribution, which is the distribution of the time spent below 0 of a standard Brownian motion with drift 1. For shift families this is explained by a functional limit theorem. Using fluctuation-theoretic formulae we derive the generating function of the occupation time in closed form, which provides an alternative approach. We also present a new form of the first arcsine law for the Brownian motion with drift.
Authoritarian Leadership and Extra-Role Behaviors: A Role-Perception Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xie Yun-Hui 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAuthoritarian leaders make unilateral decisions and prevail over subordinates. Such leadership, as a style of exercising formal authority and position power, may inhibit employees’ extra-role behaviors in the hierarchical role structure. We explore employees’ role perceptions to better understand how supervisors’ authoritarian leadership decreases extra-role behaviors (OCBs). Authoritarian behavior is expected to generate subordinate perceptions of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload, with consequent negative effects on OCB. Hypotheses are tested using data from 613 subordinate – supervisor dyads. Empirical results indicate that authoritarian leadership increases subordinate role conflict and overload which then decreases OCB. Authoritarian behavior also increases role ambiguity, but role ambiguity is not associated with OCB. The article concludes with research suggestions and practical implications.
Trichinellaand polar bears: a limited risk for humans
Authors: Dupouy-Camet J. , Bourée P. , Yera H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this review, we identified 63 cases reported since World War II of human trichinellosis linked to the consumption of parasitized polar bear (Ursus maritimus) meat. This low number contrasts to the numerous cases of human trichinellosis related to consumption of the meat of black (U. americanus) or brown bears (U. arctos). The prevalence ofTrichinellainfection is high in bears, but larval muscular burden is usually lower in polar bears compared to other bear species. Polar bears, therefore, seem to play a limited role in the transmission of trichinellosis to humans, as native residents living in the Arctic traditionally consume well-cooked bear meat, and travellers and foreign hunters have only limited access to this protected species due to the declining polar bear population.
Entire functions with two radially distributed values
Authors: BERGWEILER WALTER , EREMENKO ALEXANDRE , HINKKANEN AIMO 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe study entire functions whose zeros and one-points lie on distinct finite systems of rays. General restrictions on these rays are obtained. Non-trivial examples of entire functions with zeros and one-points on different rays are constructed, using the Stokes phenomenon for second order linear differential equations.
Free actions ofp-groups on affine varieties in characteristicp
Authors: FLEISCHMANN PETER , WOODCOCK CHRIS 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLetKbe an algebraically closed field and$\mathbb{A}$n≅Knaffinen-space. It is known that a finite group$\frak{G}$can only act freely on$\mathbb{A}$nifKhas characteristicp> 0 and$\frak{G}$is ap-group. In that case the group action is “non-linear” and the ring of regular functionsK[$\mathbb{A}$n] must be atrace-surjectiveK−$\frak{G}$-algebra.Now letkbe an arbitrary field of characteristicp> 0 and letGbe a finitep-group. In this paper we study the category$\mathfrak{Ts}$of all finitely generated trace-surjectivek−Galgebras. It has been shown in [13] that the objects in$\mathfrak{Ts}$are precisely those finitely generatedk−GalgebrasAsuch thatAG≤Ais a Galois-extension in the sense of [7], with faithful action ofGonA. Although$\mathfrak{Ts}$is not an abelian category it has “s-projective objects”, which are analogues of projective modules, and it has (s-projective) categorical generators, which we will describe explicitly. We will show thats-projective objects and their rings of invariants are retracts of polynomial rings and therefore regular UFDs. The category$\mathfrak{Ts}$also has “weakly initial objects”, which are closely related to the essential dimension ofGoverk. Our results yield a geometric structure theorem for free actions of finitep-groups on affinek-varieties. There are also close connections to open questions on retracts of polynomial rings, to embedding problems in standard modular Galois-theory ofp-groups and, potentially, to a new constructive approach to homogeneous invariant theory.
Mother-to-child HIV transmissions in Israel, 1985–2011
Authors: MOR Z. , SHEFFER R. , CHEMTOB D. 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYMother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the leading cause of paediatric HIV-infection in Israel. This study aimed to assess MTCT rates and analyse temporal changes in relation to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) introduction in 1996. This historical prospective study included all HIV-infected women who delivered in Israel between 1988 and 2011. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and therapy characteristics were compared between HIV-infected newborns with all others, and between infants born before and after 1996. Of all 796 infants born in Israel to HIV-infected women, 25 (3·1%) were infected. MTCT rates decreased significantly after HAART introduction compared with infants who were born before 1996 (16·3%vs. 1·7%). Mothers who infected vertically were more likely to be younger, Ethiopian-born, delivered trans-vaginally, not treated with HAART during pregnancy/labour and delivered before 1996 compared with mothers who did not transmit the HIV to their neonates. Newborns who did not receive antiretroviral therapy postpartum were more commonly HIV-infected and their mortality rate was higher. In conclusion, HAART during pregnancy/labour decreased MTCT significantly. Most MTCT in Israel was recorded among Ethiopian migrants, yet, in decreasing rates. Continuous efforts should be employed to encourage early HIV testing and allow effective HAART to pregnant women who belong to a key risk-group.
Rapidly progressive pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an infant with Down syndrome
Authors: Muneuchi Jun , Oda Shinichiro , Shimizu Daisuke 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 4-month-old girl with Down syndrome showed unexpected deterioration of pulmonary hypertension. Despite aggressive pulmonary vasodilation therapy, the patient died at 5 months of age. Lung autopsy showed that the pulmonary veins were obliterated by intimal fibrous thickening, and the media of the veins was arterialised with an increase in elastic fibres. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease should be considered in the management of individuals with Down syndrome.
Trans-septal approach for percutaneous closure of infra-diaphragmatic veno-venous collateral in a patient after Fontan palliation
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Cribbs Marc G. , Law Mark A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this article, we present a case of a desaturated Fontan patient with an infra-diaphragmatic venous collateral to the pulmonary vein, which was too tortuous to attempt closure at the source. A trans-septal approach was successfully used to close the collateral in a retrograde manner.