bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norway at the Border of EU – Cross-Border Shopping and its Implications
Authors: Lavik Randi , Nordlund Sturla 
Published: December 2017

Cross-border shopping has for many years been an issue in the political debate in Norway, and it remains so. The focus of the media is mostly on alcohol and tobacco shopping, but shopping for other goods such as meat and other groceries are at least as important. Aim The aim of this article is to present estimates of the total cross-border shopping, especially from Sweden, with a special focus on alcohol and tobacco. Data Data are collected from different sources, mainly from the two research institutes SIFO and SIRUS. Results The total private import by travelers to Norway has increased, and so has special cross-border shopping from Sweden. An obvious reason is the price differences on alcohol, tobacco and meat in particular, which have been increasing since the neighbouring countries Sweden and Finland became members of the EU in 1995. Another reason is the general increase in travelling, especially by airplanes, during later years. People living near the border are, not surprisingly, much more often border-shoppers than people living far away. Border-shopping also has an illegal side, since some people violate the quite restrictive Norwegian quotas on travelers import e.g. of alcohol and tobacco. Around 20 per cent of the of the Norwegian travellers see such “small-scale smuggling” of spirits as a serious crime, and 25 percent had brought too much alcohol. The total private import by travelers, legal as well as illegal, represents a considerable revenue loss to Norway.
What is the Worst Thing you could get Hooked on?: Popular Images of Addiction Problems in Contemporary Sweden
Authors: Blomqvist Jan 
Published: December 2017

Aims To investigate potentially crucial aspects of Swedes' perceptions of nine different addictions. Data and Methods Population survey, sent out to 2,000 adult Swedes (18–74 years), focusing on the perceived severity of, responsibility for, options to recover from, and character of addiction to cigarettes, snuff, alcohol, cannabis, amphetamine, cocaine, heroin, medical drugs, and gambling. Results There are large differences in the ways in which various addiction problems are perceived. Whereas tobacco use, and to some extent gambling, are seen as relatively harmless “habits”, not particularly easy to get hooked on but easy to quit, the use of drugs such as heroin, amphetamine, and cocaine is seen as a major societal problem, and users are seen both as “sinners” who need to mend their ways and as powerless “victims”. In between comes the use and misuse of alcohol, cannabis and medical drugs, about which perceptions are more divided. Conclusions Respondents tend to downplay the risks and dangers with addictive habits that are common and familiar in mainstream culture, and to dramatise the risks and dangers with such habits that are uncommon or “strange”. This may have unfortunate consequences for addicts' options to find a path out of their predicaments.
Fluorescent Metal Nano-Clusters as Next Generation Fluorescent Probes for Cell Imaging and Drug Delivery
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kankan , Mukherjee Saptarshi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fluorescent metal nano-clusters with size-dependent properties have emerged as the next generation fluorophores with versatile applications. In this article, we give a brief overview on three fluorescent metal nano-clusters, (gold, silver and copper). Because of their non-toxicity and solubility in water they are highly suitable for biological systems and in particular, live cell imaging. We show that they may be used for distinguishing cancer and non-cancer cells and selective killing of cancer cells. We also discuss their effect on enzyme catalysis.
Boulevard da República: espaço republicano construído na Baía do Guajará (Belém, PA).
Authors: Nunes Marcia Cristina Ribeiro Gonçalves 
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho iremos entender a urbanização às margens da Baía do Guajará, antigo espaço destinado a acostamento de embarcações da Província do Grão Pará, denominado de rua Nova do Imperador até a sua transformação no Boulevard da República, hoje denominado Boulevard Castilhos França. Como essa rua que fica ao lado de um porto vai adquirindo sentidos diferentes em momentos diversos na vida da cidade. Uma rua que não está desvinculada do rio, a qual se liga a diversos pontos de desembarque onde se transaciona quase todo o comércio local, tomará nova forma se transformando num boulevard que é cais, mantendo suas atividades com o rio e dialogando com pessoas que entram e saem das mais diferentes posições sociais em frente a pequenos negócios, lojas de todos os tipos e novos equipamentos urbanos. Um boulevard que está inserido na modernidade de sua época carregado de significados, se sobrepondo à cidade imperial e se pondo à uma cidade civilizada como o próprio período republicano.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT CHRONOTYPES
Authors: Gerasimchuk M. Yu. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Approximately 30−40% of depressive patients does not improve or show a partial response. Since biological rhythm involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders is regarded as a unique characteristic of a person, it opens new opportunities for personalized medicine.Aim: to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment effectiveness in depressive patients with different chronotypes.Materials and methods: In prospective, hospital-based study MADRS was performed weekly (dMADRS), therapeutic response (R) was defined as a 50% or greater decrease from baseline in the score. Chronotype was evaluated using the Morningness−Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Participants completed a questionnaire package: HDRS-21, PSQI, ТОВ, «individual minute». Statistical analysis was performed using Excel for Windows, Statistica 13.0.Results: All patients (n=100, mean age 48±16 yrs) were divided into groups based on their circadian type: evening types (ETs) had more severe condition; antidepressants (SSRIs; R=72%) were effective given at morning in ETs, at evening (other; R=100%) ― in morning types (MTs) (p0.00001) with a greater reduction in depressive symptoms (p0.05). Prescribing drugs with balanced potency were effective in both groups (F=4.62, p=0.032). Cluster analysis on 25 clinical, biological, and therapeutic variables to establish the role of chronotype as a factor important for identifying patients with similar socio-demographic, clinical, and health characteristics was conducted. Cluster 1 achieved a reduction of depression severity (19% MTs; R=81%; 43.4±17.7 yrs; single episode; dMADRS 16.9±2.7; 23% monotherapy). Cluster 3 (80% ETs; R=50%; 40.4±15.2; early onset dMADRS 15.23±2.29; 7% monotherapy) was the most unfavorable prognostic group.Conclusions: Depressive patients with morning/evening chronotypes have significant differences in clinical presentation, the course of the illness and efficacy of antidepressants. Evening chronotype was found to be associated with poor prognosis. Circadian typology should be considered when choosing the appropriate therapeutic options.
Enhancing awareness of STIs and cervical cancer among husbands in an urban slum of Mumbai, India: a comparative study focusing on General, OBC and SC/ST/NT population
Authors: Naik D. D. , Donta Balaiah 
Published: December 2017

Background: Globally, cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, 80 percent of cervical cancer cases present with an advanced stage of the disease when cure is impossible. This may be due to lack of awareness and knowledge, and lack of access to proper treatment including screening facility. Involvement of husband for understanding and supporting the wife may be more effective in reproductive health related matters.Methods: An intervention study was undertaken in an urban slum of Mumbai with the objectives to investigate the awareness, knowledge and perceptions about STIs and cervical cancer and to identify programme strategies contributing to effective participation of husbands in three different categories. Baseline data was obtained from 1020 married men followed by interventions for 18 months and endline data was collected from 1013 married men to evaluate the impact of intervention. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used for data analysis.Results: The results indicate significant increase in awareness about STIs, cervical cancer and Pap smear with low awareness about symptoms, abnormal discharge from vagina and abnormal vaginal bleeding in all the three groups.Conclusions: Study concludes that intervention strategy adopted at community as well as clinic level can play better role as a source of information of STIs and cervical cancer. Similar changes observed in all three categories suggest, programmes need to focus on general population rather than specific categories in a metropolitan city like Mumbai as population in urban slums of Mumbai is ethnically mixed in nature.
TRAITS KEPRIBADIAN â€œTHE BIG FIVEâ€ DAN MUSICAL PERFORMANCE ANXIETY (MPA) PADA MUSISI
Authors: ROSALINDA IRMA , ARTISSY MICHELLE NEIVI 
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effect of personality traits of musical performance anxiety among musicians. As well as to find out which personality trait has the most effect of musical performance anxiety. This is a quantitative study with psychological scale. Researcher adapt the scale of performance anxiety inventory for musicians (PerfAIM) revised edition from Barbeau (2017) and adopt the big five inventory (BFI) scale from Ramdhani (2012). The item reliability for MPA are (0,97), openness (0,97), conscientiousness (0,95), extraversion (0,93), agreeableness (0,85), and neuroticism (0,88). Respondents of this study are 87 musicians. Hypothesis tested using regression analysis. The results shown that neuroticism has the higher effect of MPA which is 31,9%. And the effect is positive.
Implicit theories of a person and dialog integrity as a social formation
Authors: Angaleva Maria Anatolyevna 
Published: December 2017

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role and significance of the image of a person, in a form of implicit theories to form the integrity of a dialogue as a social formation, to the analysis of a dialogue as a part of the social situation that presupposes setting various objects and tasks, to the analysis of the verbal integrity of a discourse in the light of the speaker’s conception of a person, i.e. proceeding from his implicit theories of a person that emerge in his ordinary consciousness. The organization of a dialogic discourse is directly connected with implicit theories of a person, which in their turn are a complex of the speaker’s images associated with his interlocutor. The unity and diversity of communicative senses dictate the verbal choice corresponding to the conceptions and images of interlocutors. Within the limits of the common informational field «I» and «you» of interlocutors enter into irreconcilable contradictions, at the same time the two-way character of speech intercourse within the limits of language communication is another factor of the social integrity of a dialogue, the variety of communicative senses is unified by informational, social, conceptual fields. The article analyzes literary examples and extracts from pre-election debates in USA both in Russian and in English.
Thought – word – deed
Authors: Apraksina Nina Dmitrievna 
Published: December 2017

The author focuses on a proper formation of the thought, based on a common sense and logical sequential chain of thought forms. There disclosed the ternary principle of creation process – the interdependence of thoughts, words and deeds. The article examines two groups of thoughts, steps for forming true thoughts in everyday life, dependency on the factor of sound and the factor of syllable in forming speech, the present moment of human life as the only existing reality for development, recommendations for practical use of research data.
Non-Verbal Communication and Cues in Armenian-American Literary Discourse
Authors: KHACHIBABYAN Mane 
Published: December 2017

Communication is foundation of life. Literature is a universal form of communication. Writers communicate beliefs, ideas, experiences, feelings and thoughts. Armenian-American literature is a huge source of communication. Armenian-American writers who migrated to the USA throughout various time periods bring unique storylines and techniques to literature. Nonverbal communication is known to be the more honest part of human communication. Understanding communication requires combined analysis of verbal and nonverbal communication. This research identifies features of nonverbal communication incorporated in literary texts. Nonverbal cues incorporated in literary texts are seemingly minor yet vital features which sometimes are left out of the readers’ attention.
The following literary works were chosen for the research: Peter Balakian’s Black Dog of Fate (1997, memoir), Micheline Aharonian Marcom’s Three Apples Fell from Heaven (2001, fiction). The chosen samples include writings which have not been widely analysed especially from communication theory aspects. The main analysis method utilized was close reading of the texts. Further, research can be done to analyse poetry collections to identify whether nonverbal cues are as significantly used in poetry as they are used in stories and novels.
Information Security in the System of Ensuring National Security
Authors: SHAHBAZYAN Marine 
Published: December 2017

As a system-building factor for a modern and dynamically developing society, the information sphere significantly influences the political, economic, cultural, protective, and ideological general state and elements of the states', nations' and individuals' life security, which highlights the importance of information security in the national security system.
Information security is a state of national community where the comprehensive and safe protection of a person, society and state is guaranteed from all sorts of information risks and threats, radically oriented political and social forces. Consequently, information security is a complex process to gradually overcome any information risk. The challenges and threats the information security faces determine the specific content of the practical steps and measures that ensure the national security.
THE USE OF SENTENCE OUTLINE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY
Authors: Qalby Nur , Ivery Adil 
Published: December 2017

The research questions of this research were how does sentence outline improve the students of the second year of SMP Negeri 4 Sungguminasa ability to write the paragraph? The researcher used A Classroom Action Research (CAR). The aims of this research are to find out the improvement of students’ writing skill and their activeness in the learning process through Writing Process Approach. Two cycles had been conducted, where each cycle consisted of four meetings. It employed writing test as the instrument. A number of subjects of the research were 42 students in the second grade conducted of 31 women and 11 men. The researcher took real data from the school to know the students’ writing ability. The results of the student's writing test in cycle 1 and cycle 2 had increased in different scores. There was increasing by students at the end action of the second cycle. The research findings indicated that use of writing process approach could increase the students’ writing skill. The means scores of students in the Diagnostic test was 59.84 became 66.64 in cycle 1, and after revision, in the cycle 2, the mean score in cycle 2 was 70.79 by implemented of sentence outline. The successful of minimal criteria (KKM) was 65 while cycle 1, there were 2 (4.76%) students get poor, 27 (64.29%) get fair, and 13 (30.95%) get good meant that students who achieved the successful minimal criteria (KKM) more than a half of them. In cycle 2 there was 25 (59.52%) get fair and 17 (40.48%) get fair.Keyword: Sentence, outline, improve, ability.
IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL BY USING PROCESS WRITING APPROACH AT THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK GRAFIKA GOWA MAKASSAR
Authors: Asriati St , Maharida Maharida 
Published: December 2017

The research questions of this research were how is the improvement of students’ skill in writing descriptive text views from its grammar through writing process approach at the second grade (TKJ Department) of SMK Grafika Pallangga, how is the improvement of students’ skill in writing descriptive text views from its organization through writing process approach at the second grade (TKJ Department) students of SMK Grafika Pallangga, and how is the activeness of students in writing descriptive text through writing process approach at the second grade (TKJ Department) students of SMK Grafika Pallangga. The researcher used Classroom Action Research (CAR). The aimed of this research were to find out the improvement of students’ writing skill and their activeness in the learning process through Writing Process Approach.Two cycles had been conducted, where each cycle consisted of four meetings. It employed writing test as the instrument. A number of subjects of the research were 42 students in the second grade (TKJ Department) conducted of 19 women and 23 men. The researcher took real data from the school to know the students’ writing skill. The results of the student's writing test in cycle 1 and cycle 2 had increased in different scores. There was increasing by students at the end action of the second cycle. The research findings indicated that use of writing process approach could increase the students’ writing skill. The means scores of students in Diagnostic test was 59.84 became 66.38 in cycle 1, and after revision in the cycle 2 the mean score in cycle 2 was 70.79 by implemented of descriptive text. The successful of minimal criteria (KKM) was 65 while cycle 1, there were 2 (4.76%) students get poor, 27 (64.29%) get fair, and 13 (30.95%) get good meant that students who achieved the successful minimal criteria (KKM) more than a half of them. In cycle 2 there was 25 (59.52%) get fair and 17 (40.48%) get fair.Keywords: Writing approach, students, and descriptive.
Papel de los procesos transnacionales en la integración y desarrollo de Paraguay en el MERCOSUR
Authors: Estrada Marcos 
Published: December 2017

Este artículo analiza el papel de los procesos y actividades transnacionales para la integración y desarrollo socio-económico de Paraguay en el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR). Elaborado dentro del marco teórico del campo del transnacionalismo, este trabajo, investiga los lazos forjados y mantenidos por personas con dos o más países. En particular, este trabajo enfoca en los procesos migratorios y prácticas transnacionales de personas que residieron en la región este de Paraguay en frontera con el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul en Brasil. Los procesos migratorios y practicas transnacionales entre esa región fronteriza de Paraguay con el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, llevaron al desarrollo del concepto de transnacionalismo próximo. El argumento principal de este artículo, considerando dos factores esenciales, es que Paraguay desempeña un papel clave en los procesos presentados aquí como transnacionalismo próximo. El primero está relacionado con los procesos migratorios desde región este de Paraguay hacia la región sur del entonces estado de Mato Grosso en Brasil, ocurridos entre el fin de la Guerra contra la Triple Alianza (1864-1870) y la primera mitad del siglo XX, posteriormente ocurriendo cuando las políticas agrarias paraguayas atrajeron agricultores de Brasil, especialmente en las décadas de 1960 y 1970. El segundo factor está relacionado con la habilidad de las personas en fácilmente circular entre los dos países. El concepto transnacionalismo próximo es resultado de una etnografía multilocal realizada en la frontera entre Brasil y Paraguay, entre el 2013 y 2016, concluida en 2017.
Bio-chemical characterization of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.)
Authors: Paudyal Som Prasad , Gupta Vimal NP 
Published: December 2017

Rhizobia are the symbiotic bacteria found in the soil which have potential ability to convert atmospheric di-nitrogen into usable form. A total of ten rhizobial strains were isolated from the root nodules of a medicinal legume Mucuna pruriens (L.) that commonly grow in the foothills of the Himalaya. All the ten strains isolated from different locations of same area were morphologically, biochemically and physiologically characterized based on the Bergey’s Manual of systematic Bacteriology. They were tested for the antibiotics sensitivity. The isolates showed high sensitivity to amoxicillin and least to erythromycin. Authentication test was done in eleven legumes but shown nodulations only in Trigonella foenum-graecum, Mucuna pruriens and Medicago sativa. The morphology, physiology, biochemical and infection test studies carried out justifies that the bacteria isolated belonged to the species of Rhizobium meliloti.
An Investigation of Classroom Practices in Teaching Listening Comprehension at English Education Program
Authors: Siregar Nurhafni 
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate how the classroom practice in teaching listening comprehension at English Education Program of STKIP Tapanuli Selatan in 2016/2017 Academic Year is. The informants of this research were all of second semester students of STKIP Tapanuli Selatan in 2016/2017 academic year and a lecturer of listening comprehension at STKIP Tapanuli Selatan (63 students and one lecturer). A descriptive study was used to achieve the objective of the study. The sample was taken by cluster sampling. The data were collected by using interview to know how the lecturer carried out the teaching practice of listening, and questionnaire for the students and observation were used to find out how the calssroom activities were conducted. The descriptive analysis was used to anayse the data. Based on the data analysis, it was found that: (1) the lecturer carried out listening activities into four parts, they are preparation, prediction stage, listening, and post listening, and (2) the practice of teaching listening was effective related to the teaching pedagogical procedures in teaching listening comprehension. although there were some points that should be practice further. Based on the findings, it was recomended that the lecturer and the students may apply the less activities that had not been done.
Pragmatics of Ostensible Invitations in Iraqi Arabic: Function Analysis
Authors: Jubair Kadhim Basim , Hameed Al-Hindawi Fareed 
Published: December 2017

This paper deals with the pragmatic functions of ostensible invitations as used by Iraqi Arabic speakers. Iraqi society is known of the traditions in which pragmatic language is highly considered that Iraqi Arabic speakers use speech acts in order to pay compliments among each other. The issuance of various ostensible speech acts is to convey other purposes than those conveyed by the genuine ones. It is believed that it is vital to dig deep in the functions of the speech act of invitation as this speech act is mostly used by the Iraqi Arabic speakers in an ostensible manner. So, depending on a test formulated and administered to Iraqi Arabic speakers represented by college students, data have been collected and analyzed to show the strategies and functions used peculiarly by Iraqi Arabic speakers in addition to those stipulated by Clark and Isaac whose model is adapted in the analysis. In terms of the strategies used in addition to the seven ones mentioned in the model, new ones emerged and are believed to be peculiar to the Iraqi Arabic speakers, for they are strongly related to the social norms of the Iraqi society. On the level of pragmatic functions, Iraqi Arabic speakers tend to use ostensible speech act of invitation for various purposes; chief among them are compliment, polite strategy, mitigation devices and others.