bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s Dignity is the Wealth of Yuchitan (Oaxaca, Mexico)
Authors: Bennholdt-Thomsen Veronika 
Published: July 2017

Mexico actually is suffering from a severe economic crisis, expressed in a drastic fall in real wages, an extremely high rate of inflation, daily worsening exchange rates for the peso and the following process of general impoverization with the malnutrition of the mass of the population. In Yuchitan, a middle-sized Zapotacan town on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the south of Mexico, however, these effects of the crisis are not being felt. In this article1 we attempt to explain why people in Yuchitan continue to be as well fed in the same manner to which they are accustomed, holding popular fiestas which are as numerous as before and as well provided with music, beer and food. We maintain that Yuchitan is spared from suffering the general trend of the impoverization of Mexico at large due to the economic crisis because of the unique social position and prestige of women there. Human dignity often seen by society as immaterial has important material consequences affecting the economic. Dignity indeed is not only an ideal but has material manifestations. This knowledge is becoming more acceptable in the social sciences. A growing number of authors argue that the pauperization of large segments of the population particularly in Third World countries is not because of the lack of support in terms of financial assistance or foodstuffs. Nor is it a result of the lack of integration into the world market, as the theory of unequal exchange demonstrates. Neither is it attributable to the lack of identification with western entrepreneurial ideals or the lack of a need to achieve. On the contrary, due to the growing imitation of western patterns of behaviour, of organization, production and consumption enforced on colonial people by mechanisms as described by Fanon in Black Skin, White Mask (1952), many people have lost their self confidence and traditional knowledge which enabled them to live from their own resources and in harmony with their own surrounding nature. Hunger is a consequence of the violent destruction of these people’s ethnic, racial and sexual identity which constitutes dignity.
The Development of Pneumostrongylus tenuis in the Central Nervous System of White-tailed Deer
Authors: Anderson Roy C. 
Published: July 2017

The central nervous systems of five fawns (Odocoileus virginianus borealis), infected experimentally with Pneumostrongylus tenuis, were studied histologically 10, 20, 25, 30, and 40 days after infection. In the 10–30 day fawns young developing worms were found in dorsal horns of the grey matter of all regions of the spinal cord. A few worms were found in white matter and in the medulla oblongata. In the fawn autopsied 40 days after infection all but one of about 25 worms found were in the subdural space. Worms in the grey matter usually lay in cell-free tunnels surrounded by compressed neural tissue. There was little reaction of, or cellular infiltration in, surrounding tissue. Malacia was absent in all parts of grey matter. The central canal was normal and the brain, other than the medulla oblongata, was not involved. In the white matter, scattered single myelin sheath degeneration as well as degeneration and disappearance of axis cylinders were common. Occasionally there were tiny malacic areas in white matter, especially near worms. Infiltrations of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells were commonly observed in and on the dura mater, the epineurium, ganglion capsules, and other tissues of the epidural space. The relative dearth of histopathologic findings helps to explain the rarity and slightness of neurologic signs in infected fawns and is indicative perhaps of a long and well established host-parasite relationship. This is in contrast to the situation in moose (Alces a. americana) where severe traumatic damage to the spinal cord by P. tenuis is associated with ataxia and paralysis.
Effect of Pitch Type, Pitch Count, and Pitching Mechanics on Risk of Elbow and Shoulder Pain in Youth Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Lyman Stephen , Fleisig Glenn S. , Andrews James R. , Osinski E. David 
Published: July 2017

Background Joint pain is thought to be an early sign of injury to a pitcher. Objective To evaluate the association between pitch counts, pitch types, and pitching mechanics and shoulder and elbow pain in young pitchers. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Four hundred and seventy-six young (ages 9 to 14 years) baseball pitchers were followed for one season. Data were collected from pre- and postseason questionnaires, injury and performance interviews after each game, pitch count logs, and video analysis of pitching mechanics. Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression analysis were used. Results Half of the subjects experienced elbow or shoulder pain during the season. The curveball was associated with a 52% increased risk of shoulder pain and the slider was associated with an 86% increased risk of elbow pain. There was a significant association between the number of pitches thrown in a game and during the season and the rate of elbow pain and shoulder pain. Conclusions Pitchers in this age group should be cautioned about throwing breaking pitches (curveballs and sliders) because of the increased risk of elbow and shoulder pain. Limitations on pitches thrown in a game and in a season can also reduce the risk of pain. Further evaluation of pain and pitching mechanics is necessary.
Motor Control of the Vastus Medialis Oblique and Vastus Lateralis Muscles is Disrupted during Eccentric Contractions in Subjects with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Owings Tammy M. , Grabiner Mark D. 
Published: July 2017

Background Inappropriate control of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscles by the central nervous system can contribute to maltracking of the patella. Hypothesis The activation timing and amplitude of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscles will be different between normal subjects and patients with patellofemoral pain. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Subjects with patellofemoral pain and asymptomatic control subjects performed maximum voluntary knee extension contractions initiated from a flexed and an extended position. The activation timing and amplitude of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis oblique muscles were quantified from the recorded electromyographic signals. Results There were no between-group differences in activation timing. The activation amplitude of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscles of the patellofemoral pain subjects was altered to the greatest extent during eccentric contractions and differed significantly from that of control subjects. Conclusions The activation amplitudes of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscles of subjects with patellofemoral pain are consistent with a laterally tracking patella during eccentric contractions. Clinical Relevance The findings suggest the clinical importance of determining whether altered activation patterns are sensitive to rehabilitation, and, if so, if subjective reports of knee joint pain and function parallel changes in the activation patterns as a result of rehabilitation.
Rotator Cuff Tears in Middle-Aged Tennis Players: Results of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand , Edwards T. Bradley , Noel Eric , Walch Gilles 
Published: July 2017

Background Tennis players, like participants in other overhead sports, are vulnerable to rotator cuff tears. In players who continue to play into their middle-age years, the incidence of such injury increases. Hypothesis Surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears in middle-aged tennis players is largely successful in allowing return to tennis. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods We evaluated the results of surgical treatment of 51 middle-aged tennis players (average age, 51 years) with a rotator cuff tear in their dominant shoulder. Tennis participation among the group had averaged 3.5 hours per week for an average of 25 years. Forty-two patients underwent open repair of the tear with or without biceps tenodesis, whereas 9 patients underwent arthroscopic debridement of the tear with or without a biceps tenotomy. Patients were reviewed at an average of 57 months after surgery with an activities score, a subjective questionnaire, and a questionnaire regarding their postoperative participation in tennis. Results The activities score averaged 26.6 of 30 possible points. Forty-seven patients were satisfied with their result, and 40 patients were able to return to tennis at an average of 9.8 months after surgery. No difference was found in the ability to return to tennis between the open repair group and the arthroscopic debridement group. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that it is possible for nearly 80% of middle-aged tennis players to return to participation after operative treatment of rotator cuff tears.
Long-Term Outcome of Fasciotomy with Partial Fasciectomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Leg
Authors: Slimmon Drew , Bennell Kim , Brukner Peter , Crossley Kay , Bell Simon N. 
Published: July 2017

Background Fasciotomy with partial fasciectomy for compartment syndrome has had good short-term results, but no long-term studies have been performed. Hypothesis Combining a partial fasciectomy with fasciotomy for compartment syndrome relieves pain and eliminates symptoms in the long term. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was given to 62 patients at a mean follow-up of 51 months after surgery. Results Of the 50 patients who underwent a single operation, 60% (30) reported an excellent or good outcome. Average pain and pain-on-running were significantly reduced, although some subjects still reported considerable levels of pain. Fifty-eight percent (36 of 62) were exercising at a lower level than before injury and, of these, 36% (13) cited the return of their compartment syndrome or the development of a different lower leg compartment syndrome as the reason for a reduction in exercise levels. Some subjects indicated early initial improvement followed by subsequent deterioration. Conclusion This surgical technique reduces pain and allows the majority of patients to return to sports; however, patients should be counseled that they may not be able to return to their preinjury level of exercise or remain pain-free.
Symptomatic, Partial Union of the Hook of the Hamate Fracture in Athletes
Authors: David Tal S. , Zemel Norman P. , Mathews Peter V. 
Published: July 2017

Background Many clinicians believe that after fracture of the hook of the hamate, nonunions are the rule rather than the exception. Purpose To describe a previously unreported condition in which the fractured hook of the hamate unites only along its ulnar column and causes pain similar to that in cases of nonunion. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Eight patients who had sustained a hook of the hamate fracture were identified, on the basis of their persistent pain, as having achieved only partial union. This diagnosis was made despite evidence on computed tomography of healed bone across a significant portion of the fracture. All eight patients underwent subperiosteal excision of the hamulus because of persistent pain. At an average of 4 years after excision, each patient was evaluated by dynamometer grip strength testing and a subjective outcome assessment. Results All patients were able to return to their preinjury level of sports participation at an average 8 weeks after excision of the hook of the hamate. Grip strength was not adversely affected in any patient. Subjective evaluation of each patient revealed no residual pain. Conclusions Chronic or unresolved pain on the ulnar side of the wrist after hook of the hamate fracture can be due to partial union. This condition should be managed no differently from a symptomatic nonunion, with excision of the hook of the hamate and repair of the ligament attachments.
Dynamic Stabilizing Function of the Deltoid Muscle in Shoulders with Anterior Instability
Authors: Kido Tadato , Itoi Eiji , Lee Seok-Beom , Neale Patricia G. , An Kai-Nan 
Published: July 2017

Background The stabilizing role of the deltoid muscle has not been extensively studied. Purpose To study the contribution of the deltoid muscle to anterior stability of the shoulder. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods We used nine fresh cadaveric shoulders with the arm at 90° of abduction and 90° of external rotation. The position of the humeral head was monitored by an electromagnetic tracking device with 0 and 1.5 kg of anterior translation force; with 0, 1, 3, and 5 kg of force applied to each of the anterior, middle, and posterior portions of the deltoid muscle; and with the capsule intact, vented, and with a simulated Bankart lesion. Results With the capsule intact, anterior displacement was significantly reduced by application of load to the middle deltoid muscle. After the capsule was vented, load application to the anterior, middle, or posterior deltoid muscle significantly reduced anterior displacement. With a simulated Bankart lesion, effects of muscle loading were most apparent: anterior displacement was significantly reduced with loading of each muscle portion. Conclusion The deltoid muscle is an anterior stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint with the arm in abduction and external rotation. Clinical Relevance The stabilizing function of the deltoid muscle takes on more importance as the shoulder becomes unstable.
The Biomechanical Effect of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Knee Joint Function
Authors: Gill Thomas J. , DeFrate Louis E. , Wang Conrad , Carey Christopher T. , Zayontz Shay , Zarins Bertram , Guoan Li 
Published: July 2017

Background The effectiveness of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in restoring normal kinematics under physiologic loading is unknown. Hypothesis Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not restore normal knee kinematics under muscle loading. Study Design In vitro biomechanical study. Methods Kinematics of knees with an intact, resected, and reconstructed posterior cruciate ligament were measured by a robotic testing system under simulated muscle loads. Anteroposterior tibial translation and internal-external tibial rotation were measured at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of flexion under posterior drawer loading, quadriceps muscle loading, and combined quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading. Results Reconstruction reduced the additional posterior tibial translation caused by ligament deficiency at all flexion angles tested under posterior drawer loading. Ligament deficiency increased external rotation and posterior translation at angles higher than 60° of flexion when simulated muscle loading was applied. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reduced the posterior translation and external rotation observed in posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees at higher flexion angles, but differences were not significant. Conclusion Under physiologic loading conditions, posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not restore six degree of freedom knee kinematics. Clinical Relevance Abnormal knee kinematics may lead to development of long-term knee arthrosis.
Intraarticular Injuries Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: Findings at Ligament Reconstruction in High School and Recreational Athletes
Authors: Piasecki Dana P. , Spindler Kurt P. , Warren Todd A. , Andrish Jack T. , Parker Richard D. 
Published: July 2017

Background Despite research on the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament tears in female athletes, few studies have addressed sex differences in the incidence of associated intraarticular injuries. Hypothesis When patients are stratified by sport and competition level, no sex differences exist in either the mechanism of injury or pattern of intraarticular injuries observed at anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Two hundred twenty-one athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction met our inclusion criteria of anterior cruciate ligament tear as a singular event without reinjury or history of prior injury or surgery in either knee. Data were collected on competition level (high school, amateur), sport (basketball, soccer, skiing), mechanism of injury, articular cartilage injuries, and meniscal tears. Data were statistically analyzed by sex with the chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results High school athletes had no significant sex differences in mechanism of injury. Female soccer athletes had fewer medial meniscal tears than did male athletes, and female basketball players had fewer medial femoral condyle injuries. At the amateur level, female basketball players had more contact injuries, an earlier onset of swelling, and fewer lateral meniscal tears than did male players. Conclusion At the high school level, male and female athletes shared a common mechanism of injury, and yet the female athletes had fewer intraarticular injuries in basketball and soccer. If such intraarticular injuries prove to be a significant risk factor for poor long-term outcome, women may enjoy a better prognosis after reconstruction.
Reconstruction of the Coracoclavicular Ligaments with Tendon Grafts
Authors: Lee Steven J. , Nicholas Stephen J. , Akizuki Kenneth H. , McHugh Malachy P. , Kremenic Ian J. , Ben-Avi Simon 
Published: July 2017

Background Numerous surgical techniques have been described to address injuries to the coracoclavicular ligaments. Purpose To compare the biomechanical properties of tendon graft reconstructions with those of the native coracoclavicular ligaments and various other repair methods. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eleven fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders were tensile tested to failure to compare the biomechanical properties of the native coracoclavicular ligaments, coracoacromial ligament transfer, No. 5 Mersilene suture repair, 5-mm Mersilene tape repair, and tendon graft reconstructions with gracilis, semitendinosus, and long toe extensor tendons. Results Reconstructions with semitendinosus, gracilis, or long toe extensor tendon grafts were found to have superior initial biomechanical properties compared with coracoacromial ligament transfer; failure strengths were as strong as those of the native coracoclavicular ligaments. Failure of the tendon grafts occurred through the midsubstance of the tendon graft, not at the fixation site. Conclusions Tendon graft reconstruction may be an alternative to coracoacromial ligament transfer and may provide a permanent biologic reconstruction with superior initial biomechanical properties, including that of tensile strength. Clinical Relevance Use of tendon graft reconstruction may limit the need for postoperative immobilization and lead to an accelerated rehabilitation program.
Effect of Hemorrhage on Medial Collateral Ligament Healing in a Mouse Model
Authors: Wright Rick W. , Parikh Manish , Allen Tracy , Brodt Michael D. , Silva Matthew J. , Botney Mitchell D. 
Published: July 2017

Background Medial collateral ligament injuries heal by a scar response. Hypothesis increased hemorrhage at the site of medial collateral ligament injury improves healing. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Ninety-six mice were divided into two groups. Group 1 mice underwent knee medial collateral ligament transection with the opposite knee as a sham-operated control and group 2 animals additionally had 0.25 ml of tail cut blood pipetted to the medial collateral ligament transection site and sham-operated opposite knee. Ligament specimens were harvested at 3, 7, 21, and 28 days. Results Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated peak macrophage counts at day 7 in all transected specimens. Macrophage counts were higher in group 2 than in group 1 at all time points, with a statistically significant increase of macrophages noted at day 7. In situ hybridization demonstrated increased collagen gene expression, with peaks at 7 and 28 days after transection. Group 2 animals showed increased gene expression at all time points as compared with group 1, with a statistically significant increase noted at 7 and 28 days. Biomechanical testing demonstrated progressive healing at each time point. At 28 days, the load to failure was 67% that of the sham-operated knee. Conclusions This study suggests there is an increased healing response with bleeding at the ligament injury site. Clinical Relevance Identification of the factors involved with increased healing may allow manipulation of the healing response in the clinical setting.
Effects of Graft Rotation on Initial Biomechanical Failure Characteristics of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Constructs
Authors: Verma Nikhil , Noerdlinger Mayo A. , Hallab Nadim , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: July 2017

Background Graft-tunnel mismatch is a potential problem during single-incision technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the central third of the patellar tendon. Mismatch is present when the graft is too long to fit appropriately in the tunnels that have been created. Graft rotation is one method for addressing this problem. Purpose To determine the results of graft rotation up to 540° on initial graft biomechanical properties and graft length. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Forty porcine bone-patellar tendon-bone constructs were divided into four groups and constructs were rotated to 0°, 90°, 180°, and 540°, respectively, for each group. Biomechanical testing to failure was performed with the constructs under tension at an elongation rate of 5 cm/sec. Lengths were measured after a 1-kg load was applied to the grafts. Results No statistical difference in ultimate failure strength was encountered between any of the groups (P = 0.915). The grafts that were twisted to 540° shortened an average of 5.41 mm, which represented an average shortening of 10% of the initial tendon length. Clinical Relevance Graft rotation up to 540° does not result in loss of initial graft strength, and may be a solution for graft-tunnel mismatch.
Injuries to the Upper Extremity in Ice Hockey
Authors: Mölsä Jouko , Kujala Urho , Myllynen Pertti , Torstila Ilkka , Airaksinen Olavi 
Published: July 2017

Background Injuries to the upper extremity are common in ice hockey. Purpose To investigate the mechanisms, types, and severity of upper extremity ice hockey injuries in patients in different age categories. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We analyzed 760 consecutive upper extremity injuries in Finnish ice hockey players reported to an insurance company during 1996. Results The overall injury rate of upper extremity injuries was 14.8 per 1000 player-years; 70% occurred during games. Of the 861 injury types, 32% were contusions, 28% sprains or strains, and 27% fractures. Checking or other collisions with players caused 76% of the injuries to the shoulder (170 of 223), 55% of the injuries to the elbow (35 of 64), and 45% of the injuries to the distal extremity (213 of 473). Of the 561 injuries with known severity, 38% were major. The injury risk increased significantly with age, from players younger than 12 years to players 25 to 29 years of age. The injury profile among 15- to 19-year-old players was similar to that of adult players. Conclusions Injuries to the upper extremity are relatively serious because of the high number of shoulder injuries and fractures. The frequency of injuries increased with age. A considerable proportion of upper extremity injuries was caused by body checking.