bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE WAY TO THE SELF: THE NOVEL «STEPPENWOLF» THROUGH THE LENS OF JUNGIAN PROCESS OF INDIVIDUATION
Authors: Danylova Tetiana V. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose. This paper aims to analyze the life journey of Harry Haller, protagonist of H. Hesse’s novel «Steppenwolf», in the context of Jungian process of individuation. Methodology. The author has used C.G. Jung’s theory of archetypes, along with hermeneutical methodology. Theoretical basis and results. «Steppenwolf» is the story of a man who is dogged by controversy: he feels himself to be a human and a wolf at the same time. Harry Haller learns from the «Treatise on the Steppenwolf» that he has more than two natures. Actually, he consists of hundreds and thousands of them. This idea is based on Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious. And the very novel «Steppenwolf» brightly illustrates Jung’s individuation process. Harry Haller’s mission is to overcome opposition between his social cultural «I» and Shadow (Steppenwolf), to recognize and accept his Anima (Hermine), to understand the mystery of the identity of Pablo, who embodies chthonic depths, and Mozart, who represents sublime spirituality, that is, to comprehend his own Self. Scientific novelty. In the novel, the human nature is depicted as the eternal struggle and eternal unity of two polarities. Individuals have to realize this unity on their way to the Self. Recognizing, confronting and assimilating the Ego, Anima/Animus, Shadow into the larger realm of the Self, one achieves a new level of consciousness. However, this is a never-ending process, unattainable ideal. At the end of the novel, Harry Haller failed to cope with this challenge. It seems that he has remained at the same point, where we had met him. However, nothing was impossible − everything was just beginning. Conclusions. The questions raised by Jungian analysis push us beyond our limits to the great alchemical mystery − the wholeness of our own souls. For the salvation of humankind as a whole and every single human in our world full of conflicts and violence, we all need to experience the feeling of our spiritual unity and our deep connection to the universe. It becomes possible due to return to our spiritual core, to our Self. The process of individuation is, in fact, the way to infinity. Harry Haller has yet to find his way to himself.
ANTHROPOCENTRIC INTENTION OF HESYCHAST AND SUFISTIC PRACTICES OF FREEDOM PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Semchuk Yurii Y. 
Published: August 2016

The Purpose is to analyse problems of individual freedom in mystical currents of Hesychasm and Sufism comprehensively in the territory of Ukraine. It deals with issues of Hesychasm and Sufism origin, mystical practices features and their overflowing borrowing on the way to Truth by God finding. Methodology. With a view to the reconstruction of a holistic world view of the desert in their deification of personal freedom, the author uses methodology of humanitarian analysis (analysis and synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalization), and the phenomenological method – the study specifics of the mystical way of knowing reality and comparative method − the study and comparison of different types of mystical-religious movements in the synthesis of the history of philosophy, philosophy of religion, psychology, phenomenology and the history of religion. Scientific novelty. Watching the life of the monks Optina Pustyn can trace the genesis hesychast tradition from the time of Paisius Velichkovsky. The influence and the use of spiritual advisors fundamental hesychast texts "Philokalia" in secular name and in the empyreal world alike are researched. It is proved that in the spiritual practices of Hesychasm and Sufism Set the true path to God. The mystics’ efforts in aspiration of perception of the Truth were reconstructed, as in Christian practices of an unexpected irradiation of cognition Omnipresent and in the knowledge of Jehovah in Sufism through «gentle-hearted message» which is opened to receiving spiritual vision and the gift of God without volitional intentions of the observer. Conclusions. The author concludes that despite the existence of schools and practices, personal manifestation of union with God through the freedom of own will devoted in listening of spiritual life – own heart, is dominant in Hesychasm and Sufism mystical currents. The main secret of mystics was not a transfer of theoretical knowledge through the generations, but the apparition of truth through his own aspiration to knowledge, in the unbearable austerity initiation experiences obtained enlightenment, happiness deification, the anguish of love. This barrier was the form of sense that needs to be empathized but it is impossible to learn.
Asociación entre niveles de hormonas tiroideas y grosor de la íntima-media de la carótida interna en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis
Authors: Ramírez-Vela Rosa María , Pinto-Valdivia Miguel , Manrique-Hurtado Helard , Cieza-Zevallos Javier , Medina-Palomino Félix 
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre los niveles de hormonas tiroideas (HT) y el grosor de la íntima-media carotidea (GIMC) en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 50 pacientes adultos que recibían hemodiálisis crónica y regular en el Centro de Hemodiálisis de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia en el período de enero a junio del 2011. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de colesterol total y fracciones, calcio, fósforo, PTH, albúmina, TSH, T4 libre, T3 total y T3 reversa (T3r). El GIMC se determinó por ecografía Doppler de carótidas. Resultados: La media de edad fue 55 años y 42% fueron mujeres. Las alteracionestiroideas estuvieron presentes en 50% de los pacientes, siendo más frecuente el hipotiroidismo subclínico. El 56% tenía GIMC >0,90mm y placas ateromatosas (>1,5mm) se encontraron en 50% de los pacientes. No se encontró asociación entre HT y GIMC. Conclusiones: Las hormonas tiroideas no están asociadas con el incremento en elgrosor de la íntima-media carotideo.
Coupled Pendulums: A Classical Depiction of Laser Oscillation, Phase Diffusion and Laser Line-width
Authors: Bordoloi Rajib , Bordoloi Ranjana Bora , Baruah Gauranga Dhar 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><strong><em> </em></strong><em>In this work we have presented an analogy between the coupled vibrations of two classical oscillators and the oscillations that take place in a laser cavity. Our aim is to understand classically the causes that lead to the phase diffusion in a system of coupled classical oscillators and to explore possibilities of any relationship between phase fluctuation and the frequency difference. The equations of motion for the classical oscillators have been derived and solved, for different values of coupling coefficients, to obtain the expressions for the mode frequencies<sup>1</sup>.The solutions, while plotted graphically have led us to the conclusion that in classical oscillators the mode frequencies of the oscillators are far apart if their oscillation is heavily coupling dependent and consequently the phase relationship of the oscillators fluctuate vigorously and frequently, which is the converse of what happens in a laser cavity consisting atomic oscillators. </em></p></div>
Evaluation, Treatment, and Outcomes of Meniscal Root Tears
Authors: Strauss Eric J. , Day Michael S. , Ryan Michael , Jazrawi Laith 
Published: August 2016

➢ Meniscal root tears or avulsions compromise the biomechanical function of the menisci to a greater extent than simple meniscal tears do. As such, if left untreated, root injuries render the menisci incapable of properly distributing axial load and resisting rotation and translation.➢ The clinical diagnosis of meniscal root abnormalities may be difficult as the signs and symptoms typically associated with meniscal body injuries, such as mechanical locking and catching, may not be present in patients with root injury and there may not be a history of an acute traumatic event. Treating practitioners need to have a high suspicion for meniscal root abnormalities in patients presenting with joint line tenderness and pain with deep flexion activities.➢ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs indicative of meniscal root abnormality include a radial tear of the meniscal root (on axial imaging), a vertical linear defect in the meniscal root (truncation sign on coronal imaging), meniscal extrusion >3 mm outside the peripheral margin of the joint (on coronal imaging), and increased signal within the meniscal root (ghost sign on sagittal sequences).➢ Two main approaches for meniscal root repair have evolved. One approach involves the use of a transtibial pullout technique, and the other involves the use of a suture anchor repair. The goal of both approaches is to restore an anatomical attachment of the meniscal root to bone that is capable of converting axial weight-bearing loads into hoop stresses.➢ In a recent systematic review of meniscal root repairs, healing (partial and complete) was reported to have occurred in 96% of cases, with all studies demonstrating improvements in terms of subjective and functional scores at a mean of 30.2 months postoperatively.
Single-Well Chemical-Tracer Modeling of Low-Salinity-Water Injection in Carbonates
Authors: Al-Shalabi Emad W. , Luo Haishan , Delshad Mojdeh , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe interest in low-salinity-water injection (LSWI) compared with seawater injection or high-salinity-produced-brine injection is increasing in both laboratory and field tests. The single-well chemical-tracer test (SWCTT) is also becoming increasingly popular as an in-situ test to assess the reduction in oil saturation caused by an enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) process. Hence, accurate modeling of SWCTTs is essential. In this paper, modeling and simulation of the SWCTT of LSWI in a carbonate reservoir is investigated by use of the UTCHEM reservoir simulator, a nonisothermal, 3D, multiphase, multicomponent, chemical compositional simulator developed at the University of Texas at Austin (UTCHEM 2011). Both radial- and Cartesian-grid models are set up for a field-scale pilot by use of measured rock and fluid data of a Middle Eastern reservoir. Tracer reactions and the empirical LSWI model implemented in UTCHEM are used to estimate residual oil saturation (ROS) as a result of LSWI. Two approaches are used to estimate ROS to LSWI, including analytical and numerical methods. Results show that both approaches give consistent values for ROS for homogeneous radial- and Cartesian-grid models. The two approaches were inconsistent for the multilayer radial model, which highlights the necessity of the use of numerical approaches for layered reservoirs. The Cartesian-grid model was used to investigate the effect of heterogeneity on SWCTT results, where a new numerical approach is proposed for estimating ROS. This finding validates the approach used and the implementation of both tracer reactions and the LSWI model in UTCHEM. The proposed approach can now be used to estimate ROS of the SWCTT for reservoirs with different degrees of heterogeneity, which provides a clear insight into reservoir performance before planning multiwell demonstration pilots.
An Integrative Model To Simulate Gas Transport and Production Coupled With Gas Adsorption, Non-Darcy Flow, Surface Diffusion, and Stress Dependence in Organic-Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Wang Jing , Luo Haishan , Liu Huiqing , Cao Fei , Li Zhitao , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Gas adsorption, stress dependence, non-Darcy flow, and surface diffusion of the adsorbed layer are significant mechanisms in shale-gas reservoirs. However, the volume occupied by the adsorbed layer is generally overlooked by current industry standards and numerical models. In addition, stress dependence of matrix pores does not draw as much attention as hydraulic fractures, and surface diffusion has not been included in commercial simulators. Moreover, all these effects significantly affect each other, which can lead to additional complexity of gas transport and production. Therefore, development of an integrative model with consideration of these complicated mechanisms is needed. In this paper, we develop such a fully coupled model for shale-gas-reservoir simulations. We present the derivation of models reflecting the time-dependence effects of gas adsorption/desorption upon original gas in place (OGIP) and petrophysical properties. In particular, both the Langmuir and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) (Brunauer et al. 1938) isotherms are included by use of a unified formula. Surface diffusion of adsorbed layer is also added to this model on the basis of rigorous derivation. More features, such as non-Darcy flow and stress dependence in matrix, natural fractures, hydraulic fractures, and leakage effect between matrix and natural fractures, are incorporated. After that, we present an implicit numerical algorithm to solve the model. Numerical simulations were performed in both 1D and 3D cases and compared with two sets of experimental data and three sets of production data in Marcellus and Barnett shale-gas fields. The simulations indicated that the new simulator cannot only lead to consistent results with these data, but also gives an accurate estimation of OGIP, which traditional models failed to do. It is noted that the model parameters we used for the simulations were close to the values suggested by the literature, if available. By use of this validated simulator, we demonstrated applications with respect to real shale reservoirs, studied the effects of the model parameters upon the gas transport and production, and achieved a variety of new insights.
Development of Transient Mechanistic Three-Phase Flow Model for Wellbores
Authors: Shirdel Mahdy , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Multiphase flow models have been widely used for downhole-gauging and production logging analysis in the wellbores. Coexistence of hydrocarbon fluids with water in production wells yields a complex flow system that requires a three-phase flow model for better characterizing the flow and analyzing measured downhole data.
In the past few decades, many researchers and commercial developers in the petroleum industry have aggressively expanded development of robust multiphase flow models for the wellbore. However, many of the developed models apply homogeneous-flow models with limited assumptions for slippage between gas and liquid bulks or use purely two-fluid models.
In this paper, we propose a new three-phase flow model that consists of a two-fluid model between liquid and gas and a drift-flux model between water and oil in the liquid phase. With our new method, we improve the simplifying assumptions for modeling oil, water, and gas multiphase flow in wells, which can be advantageous for better downhole flow characterization and phase separations in gravity-dominated systems.
Furthermore, we developed semi-implicit and nearly implicit numerical algorithms to solve the system of equations. We discuss the stepwise-development procedures for these methods along with the assumptions in our flow model. We verify our model results against analytical solutions for the water faucet problem and phase redistribution, field data, and a commercial simulator. Our model results show very good agreement with benchmarks in the data.
The Impact of CT–Measured and Stress–Dependent Nonuniform Fracture Apertures on Production Performance of Microseismic–Constrained Complex Fracture Networks
Authors: Sun Jianlei , Schechter David , Lin Shuhua , Liu Tianyu , Zeng Baoquan , Sun Jianqiang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Non-uniform fracture aperture not only might affect initial reservoir fluids in place, but also production behavior. In addition, previous lab experiment has already demonstrated the importance of nonuniform aperture on permeability and residual oil distribution. This study investigates the impact of aperture averaging techniques on production performance of complex fracture networks in unconventional liquid reservoirs through fracture generation, unstructured gridding and reservoir simulation of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells.
First, complex fracture networks are generated from microseismic-constrained stochastic algorithms. We reduce uncertainties of natural fracture length, center, and strike distributions by incorporating outcrop analysis and microseismic event locations. Hydraulic fractures are generated by randomly connecting natural fractures and by honoring material balance equations. Then, stress-dependent nonuniform fracture aperture distributions were taken from previously CT-scanning experiment. Moreover, in order to evaluate production performance, nonuniform apertures are sampled from the lab-measured lognormal distributions and then populated along complex fracture networks. Nonuniform aperture is explicitly gridded up and discretized using unstructured grids for reservoir simulations. Finally, numerous aperture-averaging techniques are investigated considering whether or not to honor input fracture conductivity distributions.
Numerical simulations show that the same aperture distribution yields similar cumulative oil curves. With the increase of overburden stresses, the lab measured lognormal aperture peaks shift to the left. Correspondingly, it is observed decreased cumulative oil production. In addition, if fracture conductivity remains the same, the cubic law–based averaging approach yields the best production performance. If the fracture conductivity is not kept the same, the arithmetic averaging method provides us with the best production performance, which is followed by the base, geometric and harmonic cases.
This paper demonstrated how to simulate production performance of stress-dependent nonuniform aperture in complex fracture networks. The crucial impact of nonuniform fracture aperture and averaging techniques are highlighted through comparison with the uniform fracture aperture.
A Model for Refracturing Operations in Horizontal Wells Employing Diverting Agents
Authors: Yi Shiting , Sharma Mukul 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This work presents a model for refracturing horizontal wells employing diverting agents. The goal is to quantitatively model the placement of diverting agents and fracture propagation, when re-stimulating the entire wellbore with multiple clusters of perforations accepting fluid. The model can be used to help estimate the outcome of refracturing and provide recommendations for refrac treatment design.
Three types of perforations are identified before a refract operation: propped-depleted fractures, unpropped-depleted fractures and new perforations that have not been previously fractured. In the simulation, fractures are discretized into segments for leak off, pressure drop and width calculations. Fracture width and propagation are correlated to pressure by PKN fracture model. During refrac, the fluid distribution is calculated by a flow resistance model, and is shown to gradually divert from low pore-pressure zones to high pore-pressure zones by diverting agent stages. This diversion process is reflected in the increase of fracturing pressure for each successive stage in the refrac treatment. When bottom-hole pressure reaches a critical value, the propped-depleted fractures will widen.
Two simple test scenarios are presented to show the fluid diversion process. A field refracturing treatment in the Haynesville Shale is simulated next. For the field case, a complete simulation workflow of the initial fracturing treatment, production history match and refracturing treatment was completed. The production history was simulated using a coupled geomechanical reservoir model to account for the pore pressure and stress change. The refracturing treatment simulation was performed using the model presented in this paper. The modeled bottom-hole pressure (BHP) during the refracturing treatment is compared with field data and matched the field BHP trend very well. This match can be expected to provide an estimate of the fluid diversion process. The estimated propped fracture length after refrac can be used for production prediction. Questions such as the amount of diverting agent to use, the desired diverting agent permeability as well as maximum diverting agent stages are explored based on the simulation results.
A Guideline on Optimizing Fracture Modeling for Fractured Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Mi Lidong , An Cheng , Cao Yang , Yan Bicheng , Jiang Hanqiao , Pei Yanli , E. Killough John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNatural fractures are widely observed in unconventional reservoirs and their presence could lead to complex fracture network and a higher production rate by intersection with hydraulic fracture treatments. Focusing on various fractures categories, the objective of this paper is to build and verify various fracture modeling corresponding to different fracture categories depending on their effects on production and pressure, which in return provides the most effective fracture modeling approach for unconventional fractured reservoirs. A micro-scale model was firstly built to simulate fluid flow in fractured porous mediums. Equivalent permeability is computed and compared on some synthetic numerical cases, where different sensitivity parameters including isolated fracture and connected fracture are considered. Next, a reservoir-scale model including stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and the un-fractured matrix was established. The quantitative analysis focusing on fracture aperture, matrix permeability, and the connectivity of fractures in & outside of the SRV, are conducted to evaluate the effects of different fracture categories on the production rate of fracture models.The micro model reveals that equivalent permeability is highly sensitive to whether the fracture is directly or indirectly connected to the outlet boundary. Based on the reservoir model, a production comparison chart including three categories is given, where fracture aperture varies from 100nm to 1000µm and matrix permeability varies from 100nD to 0.1mD. If the fracture aperture is narrower than 1µm and the matrix permeability is between 0.01mD and 0.1mD, or the fracture aperture is narrower than 10µm and the matrix permeability is larger than 0.1mD, the effect of isolated and connected fractures could be described simply by analytical apparent permeability model instead of the numerical models which characterize fractures explicitly, because the production error is lower than 5.00%. However, if the fractures aperture is larger than 100µm, both the connected fractures and isolated fractures must be explicitly considered to analysis the contributions. As for the reservoirs with SRV, when the fracture aperture is between 100nm and 1000µm and matrix permeability varies from 100nD to 0.1mD, we only need to explicitly handle the fractures directly or indirectly connected to the wellbore, because the disparity caused by fractures isolated from wellbore inside & outside of the SRV is less than 5.00%. This paper quantitatively classifies fractures into several categories and it evaluates the influence of isolated and connected fractures on production and pressure of fracture models, where isolated natural fractures are particularly analyzed. The results provide valuable guidance to optimize fracture modeling for unconventional fractured reservoirs.