bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Short and Efficient Synthesis of Iminosugar 2‐Acyl Indolizidine
Authors: Chinthapally Kiran , Karthik Reshamina , Senthilkumar Soundararasu , Baskaran Sundarababu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA facile and convergent approach has been developed for the stereoselective construction of biologically important polyhydroxylated 2‐acyl indolizidine framework using aza‐Cope rearrangement–Mannich cyclization as a key step. The generality of this methodology is demonstrated with various lactol‐tosylates derived from carbohydrates. The presented method provides an easy access to indolizidine‐ and tetrahydroindolizine‐based iminosugar derivatives in good yields.
Direct Enzymatic Branch‐End Extension of Glycocluster‐Presented Glycans: An Effective Strategy for Programming Glycan Bioactivity
Authors: Bayón Carlos , He Ning , Deir‐Kaspar Mario , Blasco Pilar , André Sabine , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Rumbero Ángel , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter , Hernáiz María J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe sequence of a glycan and its topology of presentation team up to determine the specificity and selectivity of recognition by saccharide receptors (lectins). Structure–activity analysis would be furthered if the glycan part of a glycocluster could be efficiently elaborated in situ while keeping all other parameters constant. By using a bacterial α2,6‐sialyltransferase and a small library of bi‐ to tetravalent glycoclusters, we illustrate the complete conversion of scaffold‐presented lactoside units into two different sialylated ligands based on N‐acetyl/glycolyl‐neuraminic acid incorporation. We assess the ensuing effect on their bioactivity for a plant toxin, and present an analysis of the noncovalent substrate binding contacts that the added sialic acid moiety makes to the lectin. Enzymatic diversification of a scaffold‐presented glycan can thus be brought to completion in situ, offering a versatile perspective for rational glycocluster engineering.
Long‐term cardiovascular mortality after radiotherapy for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sardar Partha , Kundu Amartya , Chatterjee Saurav , Nohria Anju , Nairooz Ramez , Bangalore Sripal , Mukherjee Debabrata , Aronow Wilbert S. , Lavie Carl J 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundRadiotherapy (RT) is frequently associated with late cardiovascular (CV) complications. The mean cardiac dose from irradiation of a left‐sided breast cancer is much higher than that for a right‐sided breast cancer. However, data is limited on the long‐term risks of RT on CV mortality.Hypothesis
RT for breast cancer is associated with long term CV mortality and left sided RT carries a greater mortality than right sided RT.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases from inception through December 2015. Studies reporting CV mortality with RT for left‐ vs right‐sided breast cancers were included. The principal outcome of interest was CV mortality. We calculated summary risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the random‐effects model.ResultsThe analysis included 289 109 patients from 13 observational studies. Women who had received RT for left‐sided breast cancer had a higher risk of CV death than those who received RT for a right‐sided breast cancer (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.18, P < 0.001; number needed to harm: 353). Difference in CV mortality between left‐ vs right‐sided breast RT was more apparent after 15 years of follow‐up (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.41, P < 0.001; number needed to harm: 95).Conclusions
CV mortality from left‐sided RT was significantly higher compared with right‐sided RT for breast cancer and was more apparent after ≥15 years of follow‐up.
Synthesis and Antiangiogenic Properties of Tetrafluorophthalimido and Tetrafluorobenzamido Barbituric Acids
Authors: Ambrożak Agnieszka , Steinebach Christian , Gardner Erin R. , Beedie Shaunna L. , Schnakenburg Gregor , Figg William D. , Gütschow Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe development of novel thalidomide derivatives as immunomodulatory and anti‐angiogenic agents has revived over the last two decades. Herein we report the design and synthesis of three chemotypes of barbituric acids derived from the thalidomide structure: phthalimido‐, tetrafluorophthalimido‐, and tetrafluorobenzamidobarbituric acids. The latter were obtained by a new tandem reaction, including a ring opening and a decarboxylation of the fluorine‐activated phthalamic acid intermediates. Thirty compounds of the three chemotypes were evaluated for their anti‐angiogenic properties in an ex vivo assay by measuring the decrease in microvessel outgrowth in rat aortic ring explants. Tetrafluorination of the phthalimide moiety in tetrafluorophthalimidobarbituric acids was essential, as all of the nonfluorinated counterparts lost anti‐angiogenic activity. An opening of the five‐membered ring and the accompanying increased conformational freedom, in case of the corresponding tetrafluorobenzamidobarbituric acids, was well tolerated. Their activity was retained, although their molecular structures differ in torsional flexibility and possible hydrogen‐bond networking, as revealed by comparative X‐ray crystallographic analyses.
Multifunctional Bionanocomposite Foams with a Chitosan Matrix Reinforced by Nanofibrillated Cellulose
Authors: Wang Yushu , Uetani Kojiro , Liu Shouxin , Zhang Xianquan , Wang Yucai , Lu Ping , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun , Shen Jing , Yu Haipeng , Li Shuya , Zhang Qi , Li Qing , Fan Juanjuan , Yang Ningning , Wang Qingwen , Liu Yixing , Cao Jun , Li Jian , Chen Wenshuai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMultifunctional bionanocomposite foams with 3D interconnected networks showing advantageous mechanical properties, thermal insulation, underwater oleophobicity, and biocompatibility, were made from a chitosan matrix reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The density of the NFC–chitosan nanocomposite foams can be controlled by varying the NFC/chitosan weight ratio and solid content of the suspension in the fabrication process. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the nanocomposite foams were significantly improved by increasing the ratio of NFC, and effective thermal insulating performance was exhibited for temperature extremes at 0 °C and 70 °C. Moreover, the NFC–chitosan nanocomposite foams showed a highly efficient oil/water separation capacity even at a severe temperature of 90 °C. In addition, the nanocomposite foams possessed good biocompatibility toward L929 mouse fibroblasts. Therefore, the bionanocomposite foams are available for a number of applications, including as disposable and high‐performance filtration media for water purification, packaging, and biological scaffolds.
Stainless Steel Electrodes to Determine Biodiesel Content in Petroleum Diesel Fuel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Pereira Thulio César , Delfino José R. , Ferreira Antônio A. P. , Barros Fernando José S. , Marques Edmar P. , Zhang Jiujun , Marques Aldaléa L. B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe blending ratio of biodiesel in petroleum diesel has become one of the most important parameters to ensure the quality of diesel/biodiesel blend. This paper presents a fast and simple method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine the biodiesel content in diesel fuel. Different from the method reported in the literature, using a pair of two identical screen printed carbon paste electrodes, in the present work we used two electrodes made from 304 stainless steel with dimensions of 0.8×0.3 cm for the EIS measurements. Improved results were obtained in terms of sensitivity, stability of measurements, electrode reuse, and cost. In this procedure the charge transfer resistance is proportionally related to the biodiesel content, which is used to construct a calibration curve for the analysis of biodiesel content. The procedure was validated by an official method, using two samples, being one of them, certified through an official interlaboratory program of the Brazilian government (Interlaboratory Program for Biodiesel of National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (PIB)/ANP). Good results were obtained in terms of recovery (102.6 %‐102.8 %), precision (coefficient of variation lower than 2.3 %), limit of detection (0.24 %) and limit of quantification (0.80 %). These results indicate that this method is sufficiently suitable as an alternative method to the official method for determining biodiesel content in commercial diesel fuel.
Direct Potentiometric Determination of Hydrogen Carbonate in Mineral Waters
Authors: Dabrowska Sylwia , Migdalski Jan , Lewenstam Andrzej 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProperties of membranes based on quaternary ammonium salts as an ion‐exchanger were investigated. The analytical performance of electrodes was studied by potentiometric measurements. All developed electrodes showed a near‐Nernstian response. However, the best analytical properties were observed for the electrode with DOS plasticizer. The influence of sample matrix components was estimated by Plackett‐Burman experimental design. The effect of five different potential interferents – concentration of anions, which usually exist in mineral water – was examined. The proposed potentiometric sensor was successfully applied for the determination of hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) in mineral water samples.
Ring‐disc Microelectrodes towards Glutathione Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Meloni Gabriel N. , Bertotti Mauro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn alternative approach for space‐resolved glutathione (GSH) detection using a ring‐disc microelectrode and an appropriate electroactive probe (acetaminophen) is reported. Acetaminophen is electrochemically oxidized at one of the electrodes and a fraction of the reaction product (N‐acetyl‐p‐quinoneimine) diffuses to the other, where it is detected. The collection efficiency value is dependent on the concentration of glutathione in solution, which consumes N‐acetyl‐p‐quinoneimine during its transit from the disc to the ring. Collection efficiency values close to 100 % were obtained by confining the electroactive species in a gap (<2 μm) that resembles a thin layer cell in a SECM configuration. The proposed indirect method was used to image the transport of GSH across an impermeable membrane in a SECM experiment. The method proved to be useful as a proof of concept for space‐resolved GSH electrochemical detection and a topography independent electrochemical image was acquired.
A transcultural cognitive marker of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Della Sala Sergio , Kozlova Irina , Stamate Andreea , Parra Mario A. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTemporary binding (TB) is sensitive and specific to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is not affected by age, repeated testing or level of education. Hence, TB is useful to assess patients with very different socio‐cultural backgrounds. However, the current computerised version of the test is not suitable for use in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a clinically friendly version of the TB task results in overlapping outcomes compared to the computerised version.MethodsA newly devised Flash‐card version of the TB assesses temporary visual binding for arrays of stimuli such as shapes (polygons), colours, or combinations of shapes and colours. In Experiment 1, this version was compared with the laboratory computerised version. In Experiment 2, 33 AD patients and 33 matched controls, recruited from various geriatric centres in Romania, were assessed with the new TB test and with Free and Cued Selective Reminding test.ResultsThe results with the Flash‐card version of the TB test were comparable to those obtained with the computerised version. TB was not affected by age, but it was impaired by AD. The sensitivity and specificity of the new TB test were found to be greater than those achieved by a Selective Reminding test.ConclusionsTB deficits may be conceived as a fundamental marker of AD. The Flash‐card version is suitable for clinical use also in primary care facilities and in intervention trials, requires minimal training for administration and scoring, is quick to administer, non‐invasive, inexpensive, and facilitates cross‐cultural studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Strategic Impact of the Degenerative Transfer of Xanthates on Synthetic Planning
Authors: Quiclet‐Sire Béatrice , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present brief account relates synthetic endeavours revolving around a novel chemistry of xanthates (dithiocarbonates) being developed in our group. The degenerative reversible transfer of xanthates has a unique ability to store reactive radicals in a dormant form, and thereby to enhance their lifetime in a concentrated medium, while at the same time, regulating their absolute and relative concentrations. It allows intermolecular radical additions even to unactivated alkenes, and can promote otherwise sluggish radical processes, such as 5‐endo, 6‐exo, 6‐endo, 7‐endo, and 8‐endocyclisations, as well as ring closures on (hetero)aromatic structures. This chemistry has proved remarkably versatile and powerful, both for solving synthetic problems and for the industrial production of block copolymers through the RAFT/MADIX technology.
“EFFECTIVE VOLUNTEERISM:” HELPING CHILD CAREGIVERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Murray Harrison Alexandra 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a method of volunteering mental health consultation to child caregivers in developing countries in the context of episodic visits and a long‐term relationship. It is derived from the author's experience doing this work for approximately 12 years. The two foundational features of the method—the role of a consultant and a long‐term relationship—are described. The method is then elaborated in two settings: consultation to caregivers in an orphanage in Central America and at a hospital in India. While these examples are distinct in multiple domains, they have in common the core features of the consultative model and a long‐term relationship. Finally, the article briefly addresses challenges that the consultant experiences when working with neglected and traumatized children and the usefulness of reflective practice. It is hoped that an articulation of this method may make it possible for many who might wish to volunteer to do so, in a way that neither interferes significantly with their work and family life at home nor creates the problems of “helicopter volunteering.”
High‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry: Characterization, data management, and applications
Authors: Zühlke Martin , Riebe Daniel , Beitz Toralf , Löhmannsröben Hans‐Gerd , Andreotti Sandro , Reinert Knut , Zenichowski Karl , Diener Marc 
Published: November 2016

The combination of high‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry facilitates the two‐dimensional separation of complex mixtures in the retention and drift time plane. The ion mobility spectrometer presented here was optimized for flow rates customarily used in high‐performance liquid chromatography between 100 and 1500 μL/min. The characterization of the system with respect to such parameters as the peak capacity of each time dimension and of the 2D spectrum was carried out based on a separation of a pesticide mixture containing 24 substances. While the total ion current chromatogram is coarsely resolved, exhibiting coelutions for a number of compounds, all substances can be separately detected in the 2D plane due to the orthogonality of the separations in retention and drift dimensions. Another major advantage of the ion mobility detector is the identification of substances based on their characteristic mobilities. Electrospray ionization allows the detection of substances lacking a chromophore. As an example, the separation of a mixture of 18 amino acids is presented. A software built upon the free mass spectrometry package OpenMS was developed for processing the extensive 2D data. The different processing steps are implemented as separate modules which can be arranged in a graphic workflow facilitating automated processing of data.
Woodland reduction and long‐term change in breeding bird communities
Authors: Gallo Travis , Pejchar Liba 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTForested ecosystems in the western United States have been the focus of tree reduction efforts for decades, with the intent of improving forage for livestock and wildlife. Yet, the long‐term consequences of tree removal for biodiversity are virtually unknown. We conducted bird and vegetation surveys in northwestern Colorado where trees were mechanically removed over 40 years ago. We evaluated differences in avian species richness and community composition, and used a Bayesian hierarchical approach to determine if tree removal had long‐term effects on bird density. We found that tree reduction initiates a long‐term change from dense pinyon (Pinus edulis)‐juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands to sagebrush scrub, fundamentally altering bird community composition. Disturbed sites were used by fewer species and largely dominated by shrubland‐obligate birds. Further, bird densities were markedly different between historically disturbed sites and reference sites. Densities of many species were correlated with specific vegetative characteristics (e.g., mean tree diameter) that could be factored into management decisions to better sustain diverse natural communities. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Comparison between Er:YAG laser and bipolar radiofrequency combined with infrared diode laser for the treatment of acne scars: Differential expression of fibrogenetic biomolecules may be associated with differences in efficacy between ablative and non‐ablative laser treatment
Authors: Min Seonguk , Park Seon Yong , Moon Jungyoon , Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Yoon Ji Young , Suh Dae Hun 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectiveFractional Er:YAG minimizes the risk associated with skin ablation. Infrared diode laser and radiofrequency have suggested comparable improvements in acne scar. We compared the clinical efficacy of Er:YAG laser and bipolar radiofrequency combined with diode laser (BRDL) for the treatment of acne scars. Moreover, acute molecular changes of cytokine profile associated with wound healing have been evaluated to suggest mechanisms of improvement of acne scar.Study DesignTwenty‐four subjects with mild‐to‐moderate acne scars were treated in a split‐face manner with Er:YAG and BRDL, with two treatment sessions, 4 weeks apart. Objective and subjective assessments were done at baseline, 1, 3, 7 days after each treatment and 4 weeks after last treatment. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline, 1, 3, 7, 28 days after one session of treatment for investigation of molecular profile of acute skin changes by laser treatment.ResultsInvestigator's Global Assessment representing the improvement degree shows 2.1 (50%) in fractional Er:YAG and 1.2 (25%) in BRDL. Er:YAG induced the later and higher peak expression of TGFβs and collagenases, whereas BRDL induced earlier and lower expression of TGFβ and collagenases, relatively. PPARγ dropped rapidly after a peak in Er:YAG‐treated side, which is associated with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression. We observed higher expression of TIMP after Er:YAG treatment compared with BRDL by immunohistochemistry, which may be associated with the expression of upregulation of collagen fibers.ConclusionThe superior efficacy of Er:YAG to BRDL in the treatment of acne scars may be associated with higher expression of collagen which is associated with differential expression of TGFβs, collagenases, PPARγ, and TIMP. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:341–347, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible TAD Chemistry as a Convenient Tool for the Design of (Re)processable PCL‐Based Shape‐Memory Materials
Authors: Defize Thomas , Riva Raphaël , Thomassin Jean‐Michel , Alexandre Michaël , Herck Niels Van , Prez Filip Du , Jérôme Christine 
Published: November 2016

A chemically cross‐linked but remarkably (re)processable shape‐memory polymer (SMP) is designed by cross‐linking poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) stars via the efficient triazolinedione click chemistry, based on the very fast and reversible Alder–ene reaction of 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (TAD) with indole compounds. Typically, a six‐arm star‐shaped PCL functionalized by indole moieties at the chain ends is melt‐blended with a bisfunctional TAD, directly resulting in a cross‐linked PCL‐based SMP without the need of post‐curing treatment. As demonstrated by the stress relaxation measurement, the labile character of the TAD–indole adducts under stress allows for the solid‐state plasticity reprocessing of the permanent shape at will by compression molding of the raw cross‐linked material, while keeping excellent shape‐memory properties.
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Pomegranate extract prevents skeletal muscle of mice against wasting induced by acute TNF‐α injection
Authors: Rodriguez Julie , Caille Olivier , Ferreira Daneel , Francaux Marc 
Published: November 2016

ScopeWe investigated whether punicalagin‐rich pomegranate extract (PE) protects skeletal muscle of mice against inflammation induced by an acute injection of TNF‐α.ResultsMice fed with PE or standard chow during 6 wk were injected with TNF‐α (100 ng/g) or vehicle and sacrificed 6 h later. Prior supplementation with PE prevented the loss of tibialis anterior mass induced by TNF‐α. In skeletal muscle, the activation of the NF‐κB signaling and the induction of cytokines mRNA were reduced in mice having received PE. In those mice, the activity of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and the protein synthesis were maintained after TNF‐α injection whereas markers involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway were less activated.As urolithin A was the only punicalagin metabolite detectable in plasma of mice supplemented with PE, we performed in vitro experiments using a murine cell line (C2C12) to provide evidence that urolithin A is likely the active compound protecting skeletal muscle against TNF‐α‐induced inflammation.Conclusion (focus on nutritional relevance)These results suggest that supplementation with a punicalagin‐rich PE may protect skeletal muscle against an acute inflammation.
Open Access – kostenlos oder sinnlos?
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Rau Cornelia , Tesch Silke 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOpen‐Access‐Publikationsmodelle setzen sich immer stärker durch, gleichzeitig wächst die Zahl unseriöser Verlage: Sie publizieren nahezu alles, um mehr Gewinn zu machen. Welche Kriterien kennzeichnen einen seriösen Anbieter?
Nickelkatalyse offenbart neue Reaktivitäten
Authors: Beisel Tamara , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVor kurzem wurde erstmals die C‐N‐Amidbindung unter äußerst milden Bedingungen aktiviert, eine Bindung, die als sehr stabil und wenig reaktiv gilt. Nickel glänzt dabei nicht nur als kostengünstige Alternative zu Palladium, sondern ermöglicht auch neue, ungewöhnliche Reaktionen.
Recycling: Bleivergiftung inklusive
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAutobatterien aufzuarbeiten, ist an sich eine gute Sache – nicht aber in der Art, wie Bleihütten in vielen afrikanischen Ländern ans Werk gehen. Die Wiedergewinnung des Schwermetalls macht dort Arbeiter und Anwohner krank.
Argonverbrauch optimiert
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnalysensysteme mit einem induktiv gekoppelten Plasma verbrauchen Argon – und das nicht zu knapp. In der Industrie galt dies über Jahre offenbar nicht als vorrangiges Problem. Nun haben einige Hersteller sparsame ICP‐Geräte auf den Markt gebracht. Und auch Wissenschaftler beschäftigen sich mit Argon sparenden Techniken.
Abgase, die neuen Rohstoffe
Authors: Märzhäuser Helene 
Published: November 2016

AbstractJährlich verwendet die deutsche chemische Industrie etwa 19 Millionen Tonnen Kohlenstoff aus fossilen Quellen, das entspricht zirka 15 Prozent des deutschen Rohölverbrauchs. Die Bundesregierung unterstützt Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft dabei, Verfahren zu entwickeln, die Kohlendioxid als Rohstoff nutzen.