bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground-based detection of a cloud of methanol from Enceladus: when is a biomarker not a biomarker?
Authors: Drabek-Maunder E. , Greaves J. , Fraser H. J. , Clements D. L. , Alconcel L.-N. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTSaturn's moon Enceladus has vents emerging from a sub-surface ocean, offering unique probes into the liquid environment. These vents drain into the larger neutral torus in orbit around Saturn. We present a methanol (CH3OH) detection observed with IRAM 30-m from 2008 along the line-of-sight through Saturn's E-ring. Additionally, we also present supporting observations from the Herschel public archive of water (ortho-H2O; 1669.9 GHz) from 2012 at a similar elongation and line-of-sight. The CH3OH 5(1,1)-4(1,1) transition was detected at 5.9σ confidence. The line has 0.43 km s−1 width and is offset by +8.1 km s−1 in the moon's reference frame. Radiative transfer models allow for gas cloud dimensions from 1750 km up to the telescope beam diameter ~73 000 km. Taking into account the CH3OH lifetime against solar photodissociation and the redshifted line velocity, there are two possible explanations for the CH3OH emission: methanol is primarily a secondary product of chemical interactions within the neutral torus that: (1) spreads outward throughout the E-ring or (2) originates from a compact, confined gas cloud lagging Enceladus by several km s−1. We find either scenario to be consistent with significant redshifted H2O emission (4σ) measured from the Herschel public archive. The measured CH3OH:H2O abundance (>0.5%) significantly exceeds the observed abundance in the direct vicinity of the vents (~0.01%), suggesting CH3OH is likely chemically processed within the gas cloud with methane (CH4) as its parent species.
Psychogene neurologische Störungen: Klinik und elektrophysiologische Diagnostik
Authors: Dafotakis Manuel , Paus Sebastian 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungEtwa 5 % der in Ambulanzen für Bewegungsstörungen vorstelligen Patienten haben eine psychogene Erkrankung, die sich als Tremor, Myoklonus oder Dystonie präsentiert. Auch für Lähmungen und Sensibilitätsstörungen lässt sich in manchen Fällen kein organisches Korrelat nachweisen. Da die Diagnosestellung einer psychogenen Störung zeit- und kostenintensiv sein kann, sollte rationale Zusatzdiagnostik erfolgen, die sich am klinischen Syndrom orientiert. Neben klinischen Tests kommt dabei der Elektrophysiologie eine große Bedeutung zu.
Wenn es im Rücken und den Gelenken zwickt und der Bauch grummelt
Authors: Kellner Herbert 
Published: December 2017

Liebe Kollegin, lieber Kollege,diese Erfahrungen machen Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen täglich. Zwischen rheumatischen und gastroenterologischen Erkrankungen gibt es eine Vielzahl von Berührungspunkten, die sowohl bei Diagnostik als auch Therapie beachtet werden müssen. So sollte der umsichtige Rheumatologe bei primär rheumatischen Erkrankungen auch an mögliche gastroenterologische Organmanifestationen denken.
Reliability and validity of a modified 3‐minute all‐out swimming test in elite swimmers
Authors: Mitchell Lachlan J. G. , Pyne David B. , Saunders Philo U. , Rattray Ben 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCritical speed (CS) testing is useful in monitoring training in swimmers, however, completing a series of time trials (TTs) regularly is time‐consuming. The 3‐minute test may be a solution with positive initial findings. This investigation examined whether a modified 3‐minute test (12 × 25 m) could assess CS and supra‐CS distance capacity (D’) in swimmers. A series of 12 × 25 m intervals were completed unpaced at maximal effort, interspersed with 5 s rest periods. The model speed = a
eb
t + c was fitted to the data and integrated to calculate D’. The slowest two of the last four efforts were averaged to calculate CS. To assess reliability, 15 highly trained swimmers (9 females, 6 males) completed the 12 × 25 m twice within 72 h. Four measures were deemed reliable: peak velocity (0.01 m s−1; 0.5%, typical error and % coefficient of variation), CS (0.02 m s−1; 1.2%), D’ (1.22 m; 5.7%) and drop off % (0.70% points; 4.5%). To assess criterion validity, 21 swimmers (9 from reliability, 12 other) completed two competition races within 2 weeks of a 12 × 25 m in the same stroke. Traditional CS and D’ measures were calculated from competition performances (TT method). TT CS and 12 × 25 m CS were highly correlated (adj. R2 = 0.92, p < .001). D’ values were moderately correlated (adj. R2 = 0.60, p < .01). Two TTs may have been too few to estimate D’ accurately. The 12 × 25 m all‐out swimming test is a reliable method for assessing CS and D’ in swimmers, however, the validity of D’ requires further investigation.
Biomechanical insights into the determinants of speed in the fencing lunge
Authors: Guan Yanfei , Guo Li , Wu Nana , Zhang Lingli , Warburton Darren E.R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor fencing, speed of the lunge is considered critical to success. The aim of this study is to investigate determinants of lunge speed based on biomechanics. Ground reaction force (GRF) and three‐dimensional kinematic data were collected from 7 elite fencers and 12 intermediate‐level fencers performing maximum‐effort lunges. The results showed that elite fencers acquired a higher horizontal peak velocity of the centre of gravity (HPV) and concomitantly a higher horizontal peak GRF exerted by rear leg (PGRF) than intermediate‐level fencers (P < .01). Studying the affecting factors, elite fencers obtained higher joint peak power, joint peak moment, and range of motion of rear knee than intermediate‐level fencers (P < .05) during the lunge, and these parameters were significantly correlated with both HPV and PGRF (P < .05). Both elite and intermediate‐level fencers had joint flexion before the extension in forward knee; however, the latter showed greater flexion, higher peak angular velocity and less time for extension compared to the former (P ≤ .05). Our findings suggest that training aimed at enhancing strength and power of rear knee extensors is important for fencers to improve speed of the lunge. Also, increasing the extension of rear knee during the lunge, at the same time decreasing the flexion of the forward knee before extension are positive for lunge performance.
Active recovery intervals restore initial performance after repeated sprints in swimming*
Authors: Kostoulas Ioannis D. , Toubekis Argyris G. , Paxinos Thrasivoulos , Volaklis Konstantinos , Tokmakidis Savvas P. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of active recovery (AR) and passive recovery (PR) using short (2‐min) and long (4‐min) intervals on swimming performance. Twelve male competitive swimmers completed a progressively increasing speed test of 7 × 200‐m swimming repetitions to locate the speed before the onset of curvilinear increase in blood lactate concentration (LT1). Subsequently, performance time of 6 × 50‐m sprints was recorded during four different conditions: (i) 2‐min PR (PR‐2), (ii) 4‐min PR (PR‐4), (iii) 2‐min AR (AR‐2) and (iv) 4‐min AR (AR‐4) intervals. Blood lactate concentration was measured before the first and after the last 50‐m repetition. AR was applied at an intensity corresponding to LT1. Performance as indicated by the time needed to complete 6 × 50‐m sprints was impaired after AR‐4 compared to PR‐4 (AR‐4: 28.65 ± 1.04, PR‐4: 28.17 ± 0.72 s; mean% difference: MD% ±s; ±90% confidence limits: 90%CL, 1.71 ± 3.01%; ±1.43%, p = .01) but was not different between AR‐2 compared to PR‐2 conditions (AR‐2: 28.68 ± 0.85, PR‐2: 28.69 ± 0.82 s; MD%: 0.03 ± 1.61%; 90%CL ± 0.77%, p = .99). Performance in sprint‐6 was improved after AR compared to PR independent of interval duration (AR: 28.55 ± 0.81, PR: 29.01 ± 1.03 s; MD%: 1.52 ± 2.61%; 90%CL ± 1.2%; p = .03). Blood lactate concentration was lower after AR‐4 compared to PR‐4 but did not differ between AR‐2 and PR‐2 conditions. In conclusion, AR impaired performance after a 4‐min but not after a 2‐min interval. A better performance during sprint‐6 after AR could be attributed to a faster metabolic recovery or anticipatory regulatory mechanisms towards the end of the series especially when adequate 4‐min active recovery interval is applied.
Neural mechanisms of strength increase after one‐week motor imagery training
Authors: Grosprêtre Sidney , Jacquet Thomas , Lebon Florent , Papaxanthis Charalambos , Martin Alain 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe neural mechanisms explaining strength increase following mental training by motor imagery (MI) are not clearly understood. While gains are mostly attributed to cortical reorganization, the sub‐cortical adaptations have never been investigated. The present study investigated the effects of MI training on muscle force capacity and the related spinal and supraspinal mechanisms. Eighteen young healthy participants (mean age: 22.5 ± 2.6) took part in the experiment. They were distributed into two groups: a control group (n = 9) and an MI training group (n = 9). The MI group performed seven consecutive sessions (one per day) of imagined maximal isometric plantar flexion (4 blocks of 25 trials per session). The control group did not engage in any physical or mental training. Both groups were tested for the isometric maximal plantar flexion torque (MVC) and the rate of torque development (RTD) before and after the training session. In addition, soleus and medial gastrocnemius spinal and supraspinal adaptations were assessed through the recording of H‐reflexes and V‐waves, with electrical stimulations of the posterior tibial nerve evoked at rest and during MVC, respectively. After one week, only the MI training group increased both plantar flexion MVC and RTD. The enhancement of muscle torque capacity was accompanied by significant increase of electromyographic activity and V‐wave during MVC and of H‐reflex at rest. The increased cortical descending neural drive and the excitability of spinal networks at rest could explain the greater RTD and MVC after one week of MI training.
Fear Extinction Recall Modulates Human Frontomedial Theta and Amygdala Activity
Authors: Sperl Matthias F J , Panitz Christian , Rosso Isabelle M , Dillon Daniel G , Kumar Poornima , Hermann Andrea , Whitton Alexis E , Hermann Christiane , Pizzagalli Diego A , Mueller Erik M 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) studies, as well as animal studies, indicate that the amygdala and frontomedial brain regions are critically involved in conditioned fear and that frontomedial oscillations in the theta range (4–8 Hz) may support communication between these brain regions. However, few studies have used a multimodal approach to probe interactions among these key regions in humans. Here, our goal was to bridge the gap between prior human fMRI, EEG, and animal findings. Using simultaneous EEG–fMRI recordings 24 h after fear conditioning and extinction, conditioned stimuli presented (CS+E, CS−E) and not presented during extinction (CS+N, CS−N) were compared to identify effects specific to extinction versus fear recall. Differential (CS+ vs. CS−) electrodermal, frontomedial theta (EEG) and amygdala responses (fMRI) were reduced for extinguished versus nonextinguished stimuli. Importantly, effects on theta power covaried with effects on amygdala activation. Fear and extinction recall as indicated by theta explained 60% of the variance for the analogous effect in the right amygdala. Our findings show for the first time the interplay of amygdala and frontomedial theta activity during fear and extinction recall in humans and provide insight into neural circuits consistently linked with top-down amygdala modulation in rodents.
CellExpress: a comprehensive microarray-based cancer cell line and clinical sample gene expression analysis online system
Authors: Lee Yi-Fang , Lee Chien-Yueh , Lai Liang-Chuan , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Lu Tzu-Pin , Chuang Eric Y 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
With the advancement of high-throughput technologies, gene expression profiles in cell lines and clinical samples are widely available in the public domain for research. However, a challenge arises when trying to perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis across independent datasets. To address this issue, we developed a web-based system, CellExpress, for analyzing the gene expression levels in more than 4000 cancer cell lines and clinical samples obtained from public datasets and user-submitted data. First, a normalization algorithm can be utilized to reduce the systematic biases across independent datasets. Next, a similarity assessment of gene expression profiles can be achieved through a dynamic dot plot, along with a distance matrix obtained from principal component analysis. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes can be visualized using hierarchical clustering. Several statistical tests and analytical algorithms are implemented in the system for dissecting gene expression changes based on the groupings defined by users. Lastly, users are able to upload their own microarray and/or next-generation sequencing data to perform a comparison of their gene expression patterns, which can help classify user data, such as stem cells, into different tissue types. In conclusion, CellExpress is a user-friendly tool that provides a comprehensive analysis of gene expression levels in both cell lines and clinical samples. The website is freely available at http://cellexpress.cgm.ntu.edu.tw/. Source code is available at https://github.com/LeeYiFang/Carkinos under the MIT License.
Database URL: http://cellexpress.cgm.ntu.edu.tw/
Trophic position of lanternfishes (Pisces: Myctophidae) of the tropical and equatorial Atlantic estimated using stable isotopes
Authors: Olivar M Pilar , Bode Antonio , López-Pérez Cristina , Hulley P Alexander , Hernández-León Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lanternfishes (Myctophidae) constitute the most important component of the daily vertically migrating mesopelagic fish community. This research addresses the estimation of the trophic position and diet of myctophids using stable isotope analyses. Fishes were collected across the central Atlantic, from a very productive zone influenced by the Mauritanian upwelling to the western oligotrophic equatorial waters. The survey also encompassed a zone of low oxygen concentration in the mesopelagic layers. Determinations of δ13C and δ15N values were made on the 20 most frequent and abundant myctophids, from small-sized species (e.g. Notolychnus valdivae) to larger ones (e.g. Myctophum punctatum). Isotope analyses on the seston and several plankton groups were also performed to assess the influence of zonal differences in trophic position (TP) calculations, and to use as food sources in diet estimations. Myctophids displayed a narrow range of trophic positions, being greater than 2 and less than 4, except for N. valdiviae (TP = 1.7). Comparisons of diets estimated through an isotopic mixing model differentiated the smallest species, with a strong seston signature (Diogenichthys atlanticus and N. valdiviae), from the Diaphus species of medium sizes, (D. brachycephalus, D. holti, and D. rafinesquii), which feed on prey of higher TP values.
Multi-switching combination synchronization of discrete-time hyperchaotic systems for encrypted audio communication
Authors: Hammami Sonia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper, encrypted audio communication based on original synchronization form is proposed for a class of discrete-time hyperchaotic systems. The new studied scheme of synchronization presents an extension of the multi-switching one to the combination synchronization, for which, the state variables of two driving systems synchronize with different state variables of the response system, simultaneously. With that in mind, at the outset, a theoretical approach for non-linear control, using aggregation techniques associated to one specific characteristic matrix description, namely, the arrow form, is developed. Then, the feasibility as well as the performance of the proposed approach of multi-switching combination synchronization is checked through its practical application in information transmission field to ensure more security of the message signal by means of hyperchaotic masking. Finally, experimental simulations are carried out in order to assess the security analysis and demonstrate that the suggested cryptosystem is large enough to resist to the noise attack thanks to its excellent encryption robustness.
Staphylococcus aureus SaeR/S-Regulated Factors Decrease Monocyte-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor–α to Reduce Neutrophil Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Sward Eli W , Fones Elizabeth M , Spaan Russel R , Pallister Kyler B , Haller Brandon L , Guerra Fermin E , Zurek Oliwia W , Nygaard Tyler K , Voyich Jovanka M 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of Staphylococcus aureus to evade killing by human neutrophils significantly contributes to disease progression. In this study, we characterize an influential role for the S. aureus SaeR/S 2-component gene regulatory system in suppressing monocyte production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to subsequently influence human neutrophil priming.MethodsUsing flow cytometry and TNF-α specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays we identify the primary cellular source of TNF-α in human blood and in purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during interaction with USA300 and an isogenic saeR/S deletion mutant (USA300∆saeR/S). Assays with conditioned media from USA300 and USA300∆saeR/S exposed PBMCs were used to investigate priming on neutrophil bactericidal activity.ResultsTNF-α production from monocytes was significantly reduced following challenge with USA300 compared to USA300∆saeR/S. We observed that priming of neutrophils using conditioned medium from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with USA300∆saeR/S significantly increased neutrophil bactericidal activity against USA300 relative to unprimed neutrophils and neutrophils primed with USA300 conditioned medium. The increased neutrophil bactericidal activity was associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species production that was significantly influenced by elevated TNF-α concentrations.ConclusionsOur findings identify an immune evasion strategy used by S. aureus to impede neutrophil priming and subsequent bactericidal activity.
MACULAR BURN DURING AN ATTEMPTED YAG LASER CAPSULOTOMY BY INADVERTENT USE OF SELECTIVE LASER TRABECULOPLASTY MODE OF A DUAL-MODE LASER
Authors: Flood Timothy P. , Flood Colin T. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To present a case of a patient who suffered a macular burn after an attempted YAG laser capsulotomy because of the inadvertent use of the selective laser trabeculoplasty mode of a dual-mode laser.

Method:
Case report.

Results:
A 62-year-old man with slight opacification of the posterior capsule noted sudden central vision loss immediately after an attempted YAG laser capsulotomy. The selective laser trabeculoplasty mode of a dual-mode laser had inadvertently been used. Color photographs, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed a laser burn in the macula. The patient's central vision was impaired.

Conclusion:
Inadvertent selection of the selective laser trabeculoplasty mode when attempting to perform a YAG laser capsulotomy with a dual-mode laser may cause a macular burn with impairment of central vision. We encourage all users of dual-mode lasers to actively choose and verify the appropriate settings to minimize the risk of inadvertent retinal damage.
Validation of the “Pain Block” concrete ordinal scale for children aged 4 to 7 years
Authors: Jung Jin Hee , Lee Jin Hee , Kim Do Kyun , Jung Jae Yun , Chang Ikwan , Kwon Hyuksool , Shin Jonghwan , Paek So Hyun , Oh Sohee , Kwak Young Ho 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Pain scales using faces are commonly used tools for assessing pain in children capable of communicating. However, some children require other types of pain scales because they have difficulties in understanding faces pain scales. The goal of this study was to develop and validate the “Pain Block” concrete ordinal scale for 4- to 7-year-old children. This was a multicenter prospective observational study in the emergency department. Psychometric properties (convergent validity, discriminative validity, responsivity, and reliability) were compared between the “Pain Block” pain scale and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) to assess the validity of the “Pain Block” scale. A total of 163 children (mean age, 5.5 years) were included in this study. The correlation coefficient between the FPS-R and the Pain Block scale was 0.82 for all participants which increased with age. Agreement between the 2 pain scales was acceptable, with 95.0% of the values within the predetermined limit. The differences in mean scores between the painful group and nonpainful group were 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.6-4.1) and 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 3.1-4.6) for FPR-S and Pain Block, respectively. The pain scores for both pain scales were significantly decreased when analgesics or pain-relieving procedures were administered (difference in Pain Block, 2.4 [1.4-3.3]; and difference in FPS-R, 2.3 [1.3-3.3]). The Pain Block pain scale could be used to assess pain in 4- to 7-year-old children capable of understanding and counting up to the number 5, even if they do not understand the FPS-R pain scale.
Pain as a risk factor for common mental disorders. Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2: a longitudinal, population-based study
Authors: de Heer Eric W. , ten Have Margreet , van Marwijk Harm W.J. , Dekker Jack , de Graaf Ron , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , van der Feltz-Cornelis Christina M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Pain might be an important risk factor for common mental disorders. Insight into the longitudinal association between pain and common mental disorders in the general adult population could help improve prevention and treatment strategies. Data were used from the first 2 waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study among the Dutch general population aged 18 to 64 years at baseline (N = 5303). Persons without a mental disorder 12 months before baseline were selected as the at-risk group (n = 4974 for any mood disorder; n = 4979 for any anxiety disorder; and n = 5073 for any substance use disorder). Pain severity and interference due to pain in the past month were measured at baseline using the Short Form Health Survey. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed at both waves using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. Moderate to very severe pain was associated with a higher risk of mood (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33-3.29) or anxiety disorders (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.27-3.55). Moderate to very severe interference due to pain was also associated with a higher risk of mood (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.30-3.54) or anxiety disorders (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.05-3.52). Pain was not significantly associated with substance use disorders. No interaction effects were found between pain severity or interference due to pain and a previous history of mental disorders. Moderate to severe pain and interference due to pain are strong risk factors for first-incident or recurrent mood and anxiety disorders, independent of other mental disorders. Pain management programs could therefore possibly also serve as a preventative program for mental disorders.