bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coal containerization
Authors: Yang Dong , Weng Jinxian , Hu Jia 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Shaanxi, Shanxi province and Inner Mongolia in north China are the nation’s leading producers of coal. In the past decades, a huge amount of coal has been transported from these areas to the central and south China via ports in Hebei Province and Port of Tianjin. Traditionally, coal is transported in bulk shipment. However, in recent years, an interesting phenomenon is that the lump coal is sorted out in the north and then moved in containers to the south. This paper aims to ascertain whether the coal containerization will become an alternative transport mode for moving lump coal from the north to the south of China. Based on extensive field investigation and data analyses, it is found that although the container mode appears to be more expensive than the bulk shipping mode, the cost difference between the two modes is not as significant as our expectation if we also take into factors like fragmented demand, environment pressure, geographic distribution characteristics of customers and so on.

Design/methodology/approach
Extensive field investigation, data analysis and economic decision model.

Findings
It is found that although the container mode appears to be more expensive than the bulk shipping mode, the cost difference between the two modes is not as significant as the authors’ expectation if they also take into factors like fragmented demand, environment pressure, geographic distribution characteristics of customers and so on.

Originality/value
Although the major focus has been placed on the food containerization, the coal containerization is still a new thing and has attracted only limited attention. This paper is making an initial attempt to profile the phenomenon of coal containerization in China. This attempt is believed to not only enrich the literature of coal containerization but also support the literature of bulk containerization.
Cruise shipping review: operations planning and research opportunities
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Shuaian , Zhen Lu , Qu Xiaobo 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to conduct a review on cruise shipping and the cruise shipping industry. The current trends are analyzed for the industry, showing that this industry is still young and has great potential to boom. Meanwhile, the Asia market is the fastest growth region among the global, to which increasing cruise ships are repositioned by major cruise lines. However, for such a promising industry, the literature review on some state-of-the-art research works suggests that the research works that have been conducted for the cruise shipping are quite limited, and the majority of the works belongs to empirical and descriptive studies, which does not provide optimization-based quantitative analysis on some operation planning problems.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper conducts a review on cruise shipping and the cruise shipping industry.

Findings
In reality, there are some important operation planning problems faced by cruise lines or cruise ships, and four of them are addressed in this paper in response to the fast growing trend. The addressed operation planning problems are cruise fleet management, cruise ship deployment, cruise itinerary design and cruise service planning.

Originality/value
The importance and the attention for the research on the problems are also elaborated in the paper.
The application of personality traits model on the freight forwarding service industry
Authors: Shang Kuo-Chung , Chao Ching-Cheng , Lirn Taih-Cherng 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study aims to investigate the relationship between employees’ personality traits and their job performances (including task performance and contextual performance) of Taiwanese freight forwarders by using responses from a NEO Personality Inventory-Revised Form (NEO-PI-R) questionnaire survey.

Design/methodology/approach
One of the most popular personality trait model is the five-factor model (FFM), which includes the big five domains, namely, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism (OCEAN). Each of these five domains includes six facets. Previous researchers have used OCEAN factors to describe the relationship between human personality and job performance. NEO Personality Inventory is a professional psychological assessment instrument published by psychological assessment resources. Multivariate analysis technique and regression technique are used to analyze surveyees’ responses.

Findings
Research results reveal the following four issues. The seniority of employees in a company has a positive relationship with their conscientiousness. Employees with higher score on the facets of the neuroticism domain have a negative correlation with their task performance and contextual performance. The relationship between employees’ openness to experience and job performance (both task performance and contextual performance) is not significant. Employees’ seniority has a positive correlation with both their task performance and contextual performance. In a nutshell, freight forwarding industry in Taiwan can use the facets in the neuroticism domain to screen and recruit appropriate job applicants. In addition, retaining senior employees could increase a forwarder’s task performance and contextual performance by their high degree of conscientiousness.

Originality/value
FFM model is a psychological theory dealing with the personality traits and human behavior. Freight forwarding is a labor-intensive business and is one of the most important sectors in the logistics industry. According the authors’ knowledge, the application of FFM on the logistics industry is simply not existed.
The application of the verified gross mass rules in Hong Kong
Authors: Tai Sik Kwan 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of the verified gross mass (VGM) rules in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach
The purpose of this paper is to compare the IMO Guidelines and the Guidelines produced by the Marine Department in Hong Kong.

Findings
The drafting of the Hong Kong Guidelines is not as clear and detailed as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Guidelines.

Practical implications
Shipping companies should review their sea carriage contracts to see whether new clauses should be inserted to solve problems arising from the VGM requirement.

Originality/value
A research by direct analysis of the IMO and the Hong Kong Guidelines on the implementation of the VGM rules in the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is shown in this paper.
Accounting for external turbulence of logistics organizations via performance measurement systems
Authors: Bühler Andreas , Wallenburg Carl Marcus , Wieland Andreas 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the role of upper management in designing performance measurement systems (PMS) that account for external turbulence of the organization and to show how this PMS design for turbulence impacts organizational resilience and distribution service performance.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses are developed by integrating management accounting and strategic management perspectives into supply chain management and subsequently tested based on data from 431 logistics organizations (i.e. both logistics companies and internal logistics departments of manufacturing and retailing companies).FindingsAttention focusing usage type of the PMS by the upper management fosters incorporating the element of risk into the PMS of the company. Further, PMS design for turbulence enhances organizational resilience, and, indirectly, this also leads to improved distribution service performance.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to introduce the concept of PMS design for turbulence to the literature and to show that it is relevant for supply chain risk management by fostering the capabilities and the performance of logistics organizations. Further, it is shown that a seemingly detached issue such as the general PMS use focus of the upper management impacts supply chain risk management.
To eliminate or absorb supply chain complexity: a conceptual model and case study
Authors: Aitken James , Bozarth Cecil , Garn Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

PurposeExisting works in the supply chain complexity area have either focused on the overall behavior of multi-firm complex adaptive systems or on listing specific tools and techniques that business units (BUs) can use to manage supply chain complexity but without providing a thorough discussion about when and why they should be deployed. This research aims to address this gap by developing a conceptually sound model, based on the literature, regarding how an individual BU should reduce versus absorb supply chain complexity.Design/methodology/approachThis research synthesizes the supply chain complexity and organizational design literature to present a conceptual model of how a BU should respond to supply chain complexity. The authors illustrate the model through a longitudinal case study analysis of a packaged foods manufacturer.FindingsRegardless of its type or origin, supply chain complexity can arise because of the strategic business requirements of the BU (strategic) or because of suboptimal business practices (dysfunctional complexity). Consistent with the proposed conceptual model, the illustrative case study showed that a firm must first distinguish between strategic and dysfunctional drivers prior to choosing an organizational response. Furthermore, it was found that efforts to address supply chain complexity can reveal other system weaknesses that lie dormant until the system is stressed.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study provides empirical support for the literature-derived conceptual model. Nevertheless, any findings derived from a single, in-depth case study require further research to produce generalizable results.Practical implicationsThe conceptual model presented here provides a more granular view of supply chain complexity and how an individual BU should respond, than what can be found in the existing literature. The model recognizes that an individual BU can simultaneously face both strategic and dysfunctional complexity drivers, each requiring a different organizational response.Originality/valueThere are no other research works that have synthesized the supply chain complexity and organizational design literature to present a conceptual model of how an individual BU should respond to supply chain complexity. As such, this paper improves the understanding of supply chain complexity effects and provides a basis for future research, as well as guidance for BUs facing complexity challenges.
Impacts of non-GMO standards on poultry supply chain governance: transaction cost approach vs resource-based view
Authors: Ghozzi Houda , Soregaroli Claudio , Boccaletti Stefano , Sauvée Loïc 
Published: December 2016

PurposeFollowing a negative attitude of consumers toward genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the spaces left by the labeling legislation on GMOs of different countries, some retailers and processors introduced their own non-GMO standards, with the intention of avoiding the presence of GMOs in their products. This paper aims to understand how the implementation of these new retailer-driven standards affects governance structures along the supply chain and the determinants of such change focusing on transaction cost approach (TCA) vs resource-based view (RBV).Design/methodology/approachThe non-GMO introduction is investigated as a case study in the poultry industry of France and Italy. The case relies on data primarily collected from interviews with the main actors at five stages of the supply chain from the retailer up to animal feed and crop production.FindingsFindings indicate that the introduction of non-GMO products had different impacts on the transactions along the supply chain, generally leading to more integrated relationships. Theoretical relevance depends on the observed transaction and the type of governance structure considered. Interestingly, only RBV explains the shift toward hierarchical governance when this is observed.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the empirical literature highlighting the upstream effects caused by the adoption of new standards. On the theoretical side, building on Conner and Prahalad’s (1996) seminal work and leveraging on the concepts of opportunism, “potential” superior knowledge and strategic importance of an activity, this research suggests a comparative framework for identifying governance structures and their determinants under TCA and RBV.
Effects of Grilling on Total Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Uchida Kentaro , Tomita Haruo , Takemori Toshikazu , Takamura Hitoshi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCooking can change the polyphenol contents of eggplant. This study elucidated the effects of grilling on total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and the inner structures of eggplant. After identical hollowing, cylindrical eggplant samples were prepared and were then grilled until their center temperatures (CT) respectively reached 50, 65, 75, 85, and 95 °C. Chemical assays and observations of the inner structures clarified that TPC and 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity decreased as CT increased when CT was below 65 °C. Results also showed that TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased as CT increased when CT was between 65 °C and 95 °C. For CT 65 °C, the samples retained polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity up to 40% of the raw state activity. The 3 grilled eggplant models, chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid—sugar and chlorogenic acid—amino acid model, yielded results showing that phenol functional groups on chlorogenic acid were thermally stable and that phenol functional groups on chlorogenic acid reacted neither with sugar nor with amino acids. Results show that PPO activity is a primary reason for the decrease of the 2 indices. Optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations revealed collapsed cells and inter‐tissue cracks around the surface area for CT 85 and 95 °C. Scanning electron microscopic observations clarified that intercellular bonds for CT 85 and 95 °C became thinner than those for CT 75 °C around the middle area. The phenomena explained above are reasons for the increase of TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity.
Combining bleach and mild predigestion improves ancient DNA recovery from bones
Authors: Boessenkool Sanne , Hanghøj Kristian , Nistelberger Heidi M. , Der Sarkissian Clio , Gondek Agata T. , Orlando Ludovic , Barrett James H. , Star Bastiaan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe feasibility of genome‐scale studies from archaeological material remains critically dependent on the ability to access endogenous, authentic DNA. In the majority of cases, this represents a few per cent of the DNA extract, at most. A number of specific pre‐extraction protocols for bone powder aimed to improve ancient DNA recovery before library amplification have recently been developed. Here, we test the effects of combining two of such protocols, a bleach wash and a predigestion step, on 12 bone samples of Atlantic cod and domestic horse aged 750–1350 cal. years before present. Using high‐throughput sequencing, we show that combined together, bleach wash and predigestion consistently yield DNA libraries with higher endogenous content than either of these methods alone. Additionally, the molecular complexity of these libraries is improved and endogenous DNA templates show larger size distributions. Other library characteristics, such as DNA damage profiles or the composition of microbial communities, are little affected by the pre‐extraction protocols. Application of the combined protocol presented in this study will facilitate the genetic analysis of an increasing number of ancient remains and will reduce the cost of whole‐genome sequencing.
Global Health and Emergency Care: Overcoming Clinical Research Barriers
Authors: Levine Adam C. , Barry Meagan A. , Agrawal Pooja , Duber Herbert C. , Chang Mary P. , Mackey Joy M. , Hansoti Bhakti ,   the Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Clinical Research Working Group
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThere are many barriers impeding the conduct of high‐quality emergency care research, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Several of these barriers were originally outlined in 2013 as part of the Academic Emergency Medicine Global Health and Emergency Care Consensus Conference. This paper seeks to establish a broader consensus on the barriers to emergency care research globally and proposes a comprehensive array of new recommendations to overcome these barriers.MethodsAn electronic survey was conducted of a purposive sample of global emergency medicine research experts from around the world to describe the major challenges and solutions to conducting emergency care research in low‐resource settings and rank them by importance. The Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Clinical Research Working Group at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2016 Annual Meeting utilized a modified Delphi technique for consensus‐based decision making to categorize and expand upon these barriers and develop a comprehensive array of proposed solutions.ResultsThe working group identified four broad categories of barriers to conducting emergency care research globally, including 1) the limited availability of research personnel, particularly those with prior research training; 2) logistic barriers and lack of standardization of data collection; 3) ethical barriers to conducting research in resource‐limited settings, particularly when no local institutional review board is available; and 4) the relative dearth of funding for global emergency care research. Proposed solutions included building a diverse and interdisciplinary research team structured to promote mentorship of junior researchers, utilizing local research assistants or technologic tools such as telemedicine for language translation, making use of new tools such as mobile health (mHealth) to standardize and streamline data collection, identifying alternatives to local institutional review board approval and the use of community consent when appropriate, and increased advocacy for global emergency care research funding.ConclusionsSignificant barriers to the conduct of high‐quality global emergency care research persist, and innovative strategies need to be adopted to promote and grow the field of global emergency care research. This paper provides a global consensus on the most important barriers identified, as well as recommendations for cost‐effective strategies for overcoming these barriers with the overall goal of promoting high‐quality research and improving emergency care worldwide.
The Majority‐Minority Divide in Attitudes toward Internal Migration: Evidence from Mumbai
Authors: Gaikwad Nikhar , Nellis Gareth 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRapid urbanization is among the major processes affecting the developing world. The influx of migrants to cities frequently provokes antagonism on the part of long‐term residents, manifested in labor market discrimination, political nativism, and violence. We implemented a novel, face‐to‐face survey experiment on a representative sample of Mumbai's population to elucidate the causes of anti‐migrant hostility. Our findings point to the centrality of material self‐interest in the formation of native attitudes. Dominant group members fail to heed migrants' ethnic attributes, yet for minority group respondents, considerations of ethnicity and economic threat crosscut. We introduce a new political mechanism to explain this divergence. Minority communities facing persistent discrimination view in‐migration by coethnics as a means of enlarging their demographic and electoral base, thereby achieving “safety in numbers.” Our article sheds light on the drivers of preferences over internal migration. It also contributes insights to the international immigration literature and to policy debates over urban expansion.
Anaemia in school‐aged children in an Australian Indigenous community
Authors: Udovicich Cristian , Perera Kalpa , Leahy Clinton 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveIndigenous Australians have poorer health outcomes compared to the non‐Indigenous population. Malnutrition, and subsequently iron‐deficiency anaemia, impairs childhood development. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of anaemia in school‐aged children of an Australian Indigenous community and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingA Northern Territory Indigenous community.ParticipantsTwo hundred and one school‐age students (5–15 years old) undergoing annual school screening.Main outcome measuresPresence of anaemia. Anaemic and non‐anaemic students were compared to determine any differences in age, gender, BMI and past history of anaemia. The response to treatment was analysed using initial and repeat haemoglobin results.ResultsAltogether, 201 students were screened with 105 (52%) classified as anaemic. No significant association was found between anaemic students and age, gender, BMI or prior history of anaemia. After treatment, the mean rise in haemoglobin was 13% (95% CI 11–15) at the 4‐week interval. Age (P = 0.17), gender (P = 0.53) and weight (P = 0.14) were not significantly associated with treatment efficacy. Only 11 students (17%) were still anaemic after treatment.DiscussionAnaemia in Indigenous Australian school‐aged children is a major public health issue. The prevalence of anaemia in this population is 52% and many times higher than that of the general Australian population. As per current guidelines, the recommended treatment is effective in over 80% at the 4‐week interval. Community wide interventions are required to combat this alarming issue.
Translaminar pressure in Caucasian normal tension glaucoma patients
Authors: Pircher Achmed , Remonda Luca , Weinreb Robert N , Killer Hanspeter E 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the translaminar pressure difference (TLP) in Caucasian patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and its possible impact onto the pathogenesis of NTG.MethodsRetrospective analysis of medical records of patients with open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) in the period from 2005 to 2015 from the Ophthalmology Department, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland. A total of 67 eyes of 38 patients (mean age 68.6 ± 11.3 years, 21 women and 17 men) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of progressive NTG and underwent lumbar puncture (LP) during computer‐assisted cisternography (CT – cisternography). The intraocular pressure (IOP) and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF‐p) were analysed and the TLP calculated. The TLP was compared with the mean defect (MD) of visual fields. Statistical analysis was performed with the one and two‐tailed paired and unpaired t‐test and the non‐parametric Spearman correlation test.ResultsThe mean lumbar opening CSF‐p measured 11.6 ± 3.7 mmHg. The mean IOP in the right eye measured 14.7 ± 2.4 mmHg, in the left eye 14.7 ± 2.5 mmHg. The calculated mean TLP was 3.0 ± 4.2 mmHg in the right and 3.3 ± 4.3 mmHg in the left eye. There was no significant correlation between TLP and the MD of visual fields in both eyes.ConclusionsThis study did not confirm either a lower lumbar CSF‐p or increased TLP compared to previous retrospective and prospective studies. As cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is not homogenous throughout all CSF spaces and CSF‐p and IOP fluctuate, the current view on TLP needs modifications to improve its validity.