bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Perfusion Imaging Definitions of the No‐Reflow Phenomenon after Thrombectomy—What Is the Best Perfusion Imaging Definition?
Authors: Mutimer Chloe A. , Mujanovic Adnan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Churilov Leonid , Kleinig Timothy J. , Parsons Mark W. , Mitchell Peter J. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Ng Felix 
Published: September 2024

The no‐reflow phenomenon is a potential contributor to poor outcome despite successful thrombectomy. There are multiple proposed imaging‐based definitions of no‐reflow leading to wide variations in reported prevalence. We investigated the agreement between existing imaging definitions and compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients identified as having no‐reflow.MethodsWe performed an external validation of 4 existing published definitions of no‐reflow in thrombectomy patients with extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale 2c to 3 (eTICI2c‐3) angiographic reperfusion who underwent 24‐hour perfusion imaging from 2 international randomized controlled trials (EXTEND‐IA TNK part‐1 and 2) and a multicenter prospective observational study. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic and Bayesian‐information‐criterion (BIC) analyses were performed with the outcome variable being dependent‐or‐dead at 90‐days (modified Rankin Score [mRS] ≥3).ResultsOf 131 patients analyzed, the prevalence of no‐reflow significantly varied between definitions (0.8–22.1%; p < 0.001). There was poor agreement between definitions (kappa 5/6 comparisons <0.212). Among patients with no‐reflow according to at least 1 definition, there were significant differences between definitions in the intralesional interside differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) (p = 0.006), cerebral blood volume (CBV) (p < 0.001), and mean‐transit‐time (MTT) (p = 0.005). No‐reflow defined by 3 definitions was associated with mRS ≥3 at 90 days. The definition of >15% CBV or CBF asymmetry was the only definition that improved model fit on BIC analysis (ΔBIC = −8.105) and demonstrated an association between no‐reflow and clinical outcome among patients with eTICI3 reperfusion.ConclusionsExisting imaging definitions of no‐reflow varied significantly in prevalence and post‐treatment perfusion imaging profile, potentially explaining the variable prevalence of no‐reflow reported in literature. The definition of >15% CBV or CBF asymmetry best discriminated for functional outcome at 90 days, including patients with eTICI3 reperfusion. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1104–1114
A Trio of Revelations: Weakly Solvating Modulation in Aqueous Electrolytes for Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Zhenrui , Liu Jian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe emerging concept of weakly solvating electrolytes in multivalent ion aqueous batteries has garnered attention due to their enhanced kinetic performance at a low cost. This article aims to dissect the concept of “weakly solvating electrolyte” into three revelations, i. e., ion solvation, hydrogen bonding strength, and ionic interactions. It is revealed that a weakly interacting solvent must satisfy the requirements of having a solvation strength weaker than water molecules, as well as disrupting rather than strengthening hydrogen bonding within them. Moreover, electrolyte chemistry requires balancing multiple factors, and one weakly interacting solvent can exhibit varying effects with different anions of zinc salts. This study offers quantitative descriptors to the concept of weak solvation, particularly for aqueous electrolytes, and provides insights for future electrolyte advancements for multivalent ion batteries.
Caught between two worlds: Social identity change among second‐generation Afghan immigrants in Iran
Authors: Keshavarzi Saeed , Jetten Jolanda , Ruhani Ali , Fuladi Khadije , Cakal Huseyin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the identity processes among second‐generation Afghans living in Iran and evaluates the relevance of the social identity model of social change (SIMIC) to understand their unique experiences. We conducted 23 in‐depth interviews and analysed the data using grounded theory method. The findings show that Afghan youths' efforts towards integration often fail due to unfavourable responses from the host society, compounded by the perceived discriminatory environment. In addition, in line with SIMIC, the results show that participants lacks socio‐psychological resources linked to previous group membership and this leads to poorer mental health. Finally, we explore the engagement in de‐labelling, the formation of purposeful social bonds, and the development of a cosmopolitan identity among our participants as the main identity‐oriented mechanisms to navigate the challenges of being rejected by both one's and the host community.
Nitration of Benzene to Nitrobenzene Using NO2 as Nitro Source Under Mild and Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Wenzhi , Yu Pinhua , Zhang Yakang , Shen Yuanxi , Fu Chun , Li Haitao , Geng Jiao , Han Weihua , Hu Xingbang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work, a green and efficient method has been developed to catalyze the nitration of benzene to nitrobenzene in NO2‐O2 system by using acidic ion exchange resin as catalyst under mild (0 °C and atmospheric pressure) and solvent‐free conditions. Based on experimental screening, commercial acid ion exchange resin Amberlite FPC3500 was identified as the optimal catalyst. Under the optimized reaction conditions, 99.9 % conversion of benzene was obtained with 99.1 % selectivity of nitrobenzene. Furthermore, the catalyst is easily reusable. The results demonstrate a greener route for the production of nitrobenzene.
Formation to Transportation: En‐Route Fission‐Facilitated Formation of Spheres in a Phosphorus‐Based Porous Organic Polymer for Transportation of Iodine
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Maji Biplab 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite its potential as a clean power source to meet rising electricity demands, nuclear energy generates radioactive waste, including isotopes of iodine, that pose significant environmental and health risks. There is a growing demand to capture radioactive iodine and repurpose it effectively. However, achieving this dual functionality with a single material remains a significant challenge. This study explores phosphorus‐based porous organic polymers (P‐POPs) as probes for these dual functionalities. By employing 4‐formyl(triphenyl)phosphine (BB1) and phenyl‐1,4‐diacetonitrile (BB2) under the Knoevenagel polycondensation method, P‐POPs (PKPOPs) have been synthesized that exhibit a smooth spherical morphology, which efficiently capture and release iodine under ambient conditions, facilitating efficient transportation of molecular iodine. This novel approach aims to potentially transform nuclear waste into valuable organic feedstock via an iodination reaction. The innovative application of PKPOP has also been demonstrated for iodination reactions using ball mills and under continuous flow conditions, showcasing its potential for safer waste management and utilization.
Application of machine learning in monitoring fouling in heat exchangers in chemical engineering: A systematic review
Authors: Villa Lucas , Zanini Brusamarello Claiton 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present work consists of a systematic literature review that examines studies on using machine learning to monitor fouling in heat exchangers in the chemical engineering area. The research was conducted in four renowned databases: SCOPUS, Science Direct, IEEE, and Web of Science. The main objective of the investigation was to identify the most prevalent machine learning methods, evaluate their performance, and analyze the challenges associated with their implementation and prospects. Using the StArt software, seven relevant scientific papers from the established review protocol. The most frequently identified methods were support vector machine (SVM) and k‐nearest neighbours (k‐NN), followed by decision tree. However, long‐term and short‐term predictors and long short‐term memory (LSTM) and non‐linear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) algorithms were the most successful, followed by Gaussian process regression (GPR), SVM, k‐NN, and improved grey wolf optimization–support vector regression (IGWO‐SVR) algorithms. Although these methods inspire confidence, it is important to highlight that they are still in the software testing phase. Key gaps identified include the need for further studies on real industrial applications and the integration of advanced sensors and measurement systems. Future directions point to developing more robust and generalized algorithms capable of dealing with the complexity of real systems.
Distributed learning for kernel mode–based regression
Authors: Wang Tao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe propose a parametric kernel mode–based regression built on the mode value, which provides robust and efficient estimators for datasets containing outliers or heavy‐tailed distributions. To address the challenges posed by massive datasets, we integrate this regression method with distributed statistical learning techniques, which greatly reduces the required amount of primary memory and simultaneously accommodates heterogeneity in the estimation process. By approximating the local kernel objective function with a least squares format, we are able to preserve compact statistics for each worker machine, facilitating the reconstruction of estimates for the entire dataset with minimal asymptotic approximation error. Additionally, we explore shrinkage estimation through local quadratic approximation, showcasing that the resulting estimator possesses the oracle property through an adaptive LASSO approach. The finite‐sample performance of the developed method is illustrated using simulations and real data analysis.
Screening for Fabry disease in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy in China: A multicentre and prospective study
Authors: Lin Zongwei , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Yan , Miao Dongxia , Zhang Huanyi , Zhang Tao , Zhang Fenglei , Li Peng , Dai Hongyan , Jiang Guihua , Zhang Dongxia , Zhong Lin , Lu Huixia , Ji Xiaoping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is frequently detected via echocardiography in individuals with Fabry disease (FD), sometimes leading to confusion with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) of other aetiologies. Considering this diagnosis challenge, FD should be included in the list of differential diagnosis for patients presenting with LVH. To address this concern, we conducted a prospective screening study in China, using dried blood spot (DBS) testing, to evaluate patients with unexplained LVH.MethodsOur study was designed as a nationwide, multicentre prospective investigation. A total of 1015 patients from 55 different centres who were diagnosed with LVH by echocardiography were screened in the study from September 2022 to December 2023. Demographic information, biochemistry data, echocardiography parameters and clinical observations were meticulously collected from all participants. The DBS method was used to assess α‐galactosidase A (α‐Gal A) activity in males and both α‐Gal A and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso‐Gb3) levels in females.ResultsThe final screening population included 906 patients (589 males, 65%) with LVH, characterized by a mean maximal myocardial thickness of 14.8 ± 4.6 mm and an average age of 56.9 ± 17.2 years. In total, 43 patients (38 males, 5 females) exhibited low α‐Gal A activity measurement (<2.2 μmol/L), while 21 patients (10 males, 11 females) presented low α‐Gal A activity or elevated lyso‐Gb3 levels (>1.1 ng/mL). Among these patients, eight individuals (7 males and 1 female) were genetically confirmed to harbour pathogenic GLA mutations, resulting in a total prevalence of 0.88%. Compared with patients without FD, patients with FD tended to have proteinuria (75% vs. 21.2%, P = 0.001), family history of HCM (37.5% vs. 2.3%, P < 0.01) and neuropathic pain (37.5% vs. 4.4%, P < 0.01) but lower systolic blood pressure (118.5 ± 12.5 vs. 143.3 ± 29.3 mmHg, P = 0.017). Five mutations were previously recognized as associated with FD while the remaining two, p.Asp313Val (c.938A>T) and c.547+3A>G, were deemed potentially pathogenic. Subsequent familial validation post‐diagnosis identified an additional 14 confirmed cases.ConclusionsThis pioneering screening study for FD among Chinese patients with unexplained LVH using DBS measurement, revealed an FD detection rate of 0.88%. Our findings confirmed that the combined measurement of lyso‐Gb3 and α‐Gal A activity is beneficial for primary screening of FD in patients with LVH. Given the availability of efficacious therapies and the value of cascade screening in extended families, early detection of FD in LVH patients is clinically important.
Application of a Solid‐State Potentiometric Sensor for Point‐of‐care Diagnostics of Flucloxacillin in Spiked Human Plasma; Whiteness Evaluation
Authors: Tony Rehab Moussa , Galal Maha M. , Mahmoud Amr M. , Soudi Aya T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a crisis that is escalating nowadays. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is crucial to personalize the dose. Point‐of‐care (POC) devices are very effective in TDM where drug concentration can be easily and continuously monitored. This work describes for the first time the use of inexpensive, transportable, efficacious, and eco‐friendly POC solid‐state potentiometric sensor for the TDM of Flucloxacillin (FLU) in spiked plasma samples. This was achieved by using an innovative glassy carbon electrode modified with ion sensing membrane doped with carbon nanotubes. Optimization of the sensing membrane composition was performed using different plasticizers and by adding an ionophore. This was followed by doping the ion sensing membrane with carbon nanotubes which resulted in enhancing the sensor's sensitivity towards FLU. Over a concentration range from 1.0×10−5–1.0×10−2 M FLU, a linear response was obtained with a slope of 56.6 mV/decade. Our proposed sensor has been validated according to IUPAC recommendations with acceptable results.It was effectively employed for a selective determination of FLU in the presence of a co‐formulated antibiotic (Amoxicillin), along with other excipients in the dosage form, and in spiked plasma samples, without any interference. The whiteness of the method was assessed, which proves the high greenness and superb functionality of our proposed method.
Electrokinetic particle trapping in microfluidic wells using conductive nanofiber mats
Authors: West J. Hunter , Mondal Tonoy K. , Williams Stuart J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe frequency dependence of electrokinetic particle trapping using large‐area (>mm2) conductive carbon nanofiber (CNF) mat electrodes is investigated. The fibers provide nanoscale geometric features for the generation of high electric field gradients, which is necessary for particle trapping via dielectrophoresis (DEP). A device was fabricated with an array of microfluidic wells for repeated experiments; each well included a CNF mat electrode opposing an aluminum electrode. Fluorescent microspheres (1 µm) were trapped at various electric field frequencies between 30 kHz and 1 MHz. Digital images of each well were analyzed to quantify particle trapping. DEP trapping by the CNF mats was greater at all tested frequencies than that of the control of no applied field, and the greatest trapping was observed at a frequency of 600 kHz, where electrothermal flow is more significantly weakened than DEP. Theoretical analysis and measured impedance spectra indicate that this result was due to a combination of the frequency dependence of DEP and capacitive behavior of the well‐based device.
Epilepsy surgery below the age of 5 years: Are we still in time to preserve developmental and intellectual functions?
Authors: Cappelletti Simona , Correale Cinzia , Mercier Mattia , Pavia Giusy Carfi , Falamesca Chiara , De Benedictis Alessandro , Marras Carlo Efisio , Quintavalle Chiara , Luisi Concetta , Pepi Chiara , Chiarello Daniela , Vigevano Federico , De Palma Luca , Specchio Nicola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe the pre‐ and post‐operative developmental and intellectual functions in a cohort of patients who underwent surgery for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) before the age of 5 years.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records and neurodevelopmental assessments of a cohort of 80 surgically treated pediatric patients with DRE. We included patients if they had at least one pre‐ and one post‐surgical neuropsychological assessments; 27 met the inclusion criteria. We evaluated Developmental Quotient (DQ) and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) before and after surgery. We identified two groups based on psychological evaluation outcome: Group 1, with stable or improved developmental and intellectual functions, and Group 2, experiencing developmental and intellectual loss.ResultsThe mean age at seizure onset was 1.2 ± 1.0 years, and the mean age at surgery was 2.9 ± 1.2 years. At the last follow‐up (mean 4 years, SD ± 2), 19/27 (70%) patients were seizure‐ and drug‐free; 18/27 patients (67%) fit in Group 1, and 9/27 (33%) fit in Group 2. The mean age at surgery was 2.6 years (SD ± 1.1; range 1.2–5.1) in Group 1 and 3.4 years in Group 2 (SD ± 1.1; range 1.6–5.0). Group 1 had a lower pre‐operative DQ/IQ total score than Group 2 (median DQ/IQ respectively 82 vs 108, p = 0.05). Between pre‐ and post‐assessments, we found that in Group 1, Performance scores improved (82.7 vs 102, p = 0.001), while in Group 2, the Total and Verbal scores worsened (respectively 108 vs 75, p = 0.008, and 100 vs 76, p = 0.021).SignificanceOur study's results emphasize the positive impact of surgery before the age of 5 years on developmental and intellectual outcomes. Despite limitations such as a small sample size, lack of a control group, and diverse etiologies, our findings support the crucial role of early intervention in preserving or enhancing developmental and intellectual functions in young patients with DRE.Plain Language SummaryThis retrospective study, conducted at the Bambino Gesù Children Hospital in Italy, reports neuropsychological and developmental and/or cognitive data for children undergoing early epilepsy surgery (before the age of 5). It found that children with lower developmental or cognitive profiles gained the highest scores on post‐operative neuropsychological evaluations. This study provides information on the potential benefits of early surgery in shortening the duration of epilepsy, preventing or arresting deterioration, and enhancing plasticity and recovery.
Integrated Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for Optimized Energy Management: Leveraging Photovoltaic and Phase Change Material Thermal Storage
Authors: Shehram Muhammad , Hamidi Muhammad Najwan , Wahab Aeizaal Azman Abdul , Desa Mohd Khairunaz Mat 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTReliable energy sources are crucial for both economic growth and quality of life. In developing countries, where expensive fuels are often the primary energy source, governments are exploring innovative solutions like small‐scale, IoT‐based projects to achieve energy independence in buildings. This research investigates the integration of renewable energy technologies, statistical modeling, cloud computing, and IoT to develop a self‐managing energy system for buildings. The system prioritizes renewable sources, specifically monocrystalline solar cells with 20% efficiency for photovoltaic (PV) energy and flat plate collectors with 90% efficiency and minimal energy loss for thermal energy. Thermal energy is stored in paraffin wax, chosen for its high storage efficiency and thermal properties. The system also utilizes an absorption chiller with a high coefficient of performance (COP) to provide cooling using solar thermal energy. The building's energy loads are categorized as A, B, C, and D, each utilizing both PV and thermal energy. A SCADA system oversees the operation, monitoring the on–off status of these loads. The system is designed for continuous operation, with simulations conducted using Anaconda Jupyter Notebook and Python. This model aims to offer a sustainable and efficient energy solution for buildings, meeting energy demands while optimizing energy use.
Body mass index associated with respiration predicts motion in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans
Authors: Huang Shishi , Vigotsky Andrew D. , Apkarian Apkar Vania , Huang Lejian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDecreasing body mass index (BMI) reduces head motion in resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) data. Yet, the mechanism by which BMI affects head motion remains poorly understood. Understanding how BMI interacts with respiration to affect head motion can improve head motion reduction strategies. A total of 254 patients with back pain were included in this study, each of whom had two visits (interval time = 13.85 ± 7.81 weeks) during which two consecutive re‐fMRI scans were obtained. We investigated the relationships between head motion and demographic and pain‐related characteristics—head motion was reliable across scans and correlated with age, pain intensity, and BMI. Multiple linear regression models determined that BMI was the main determinant in predicting head motion. BMI was also associated with two features derived from respiration signal. Anterior–posterior and superior–inferior motion dominated both overall motion magnitude and the coupling between motion and respiration. BMI interacted with respiration to influence motion only in the pitch dimension. These findings indicate that BMI should be a critical parameter in both study designs and analyses of fMRI data.
Evaluation of a prototype variable frequency mode soil moisture and EC probe for its final development
Authors: Miyamoto Hideki , Masuda Naoki , Yuta Hirashima , Mojid Mohammad Abdul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA prototype dielectric probe developed by the Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd, Japan, was evaluated by controlled laboratory experiments. The probe simultaneously measures the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity, which are comparable to the measurements obtained with a vector network analyser (VNA) at frequencies ranging from 10 to 160 MHz. The probe accurately (±2% error) measures the real parts of the dielectric permittivity of oil–ethanol and ethanol–water mixtures over a wide range of real permittivities (3.26 ~ 79) at frequencies ranging from 70 to 90 MHz. The imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity of aqueous solutions are related to the electrical conductivity (EC) through a unique rational model (±2.5% error) over 80–90 MHz. Dielectric measurements by probes at the desired frequencies can eliminate/reduce the limitations of fixed‐frequency measurements, such as the effects of EC, clay composition, porosity, and organic matter, of currently available probes.