bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etnografía y Ciencia Política: la excepcionalidad del caso español
Authors: García Espín Patricia 
Published: April 2017

Mientras que la etnografía política es una técnica crecientemente usada en el contexto internacional, ésta ha sido escasamente aprovechada por la Ciencia Política española. En este artículo, nos preguntamos, primero, qué lugar ocupa la etnografía en los estudios politológicos de nuestro país. Luego, indagamos en las causas de su posición marginal, siendo ésta una excepcionalidad en el escenario internacional. En segundo lugar, mostramos cómo la etnografía enriquecería y complementaría a otras técnicas como la entrevista en profundidad o la encuesta, introduciendo nuevos temas de investigación, nuevos casos para estudiar problemas politológicos clásicos, y nuevos datos que son descripciones densas de los fenómenos y procesos de cambio político. Como conclusión, apostamos por la incorporación plena de la etnografía a la Ciencia Política española como medio para profundizar en el conocimiento de la cultura y los principales procesos políticos.
Zagreb, multiplicative zagreb indices and coindices of 〖nc〗_n (k) and 〖ca〗_3 (c_6 ) graphs
Authors: Ahmadi Vida , Darafshe Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2017

Let be a simple connected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. The first, second and third Zagreb indices of G are defind, respectivly by: , and where is the degree of vertex u in G and uv is an edge of G, connecting the vertices u and v. Recently, the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices of graph are defind by: and . The first and second Zagreb coindices of graph are defind by: and . and , named as multiplicative Zagreb coindices. In this article, we compute the first, second and the third Zagreb indices and the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices of some graphs. The first and second Zagreb coindices and the first and second multiplicative Zagreb coindices of these graphs are also computed.
Existence and multiplicity of $a$-harmonic solutions for a Steklov problem with variable exponents
Authors: Zerouali Abdellah Ahmed , Karim Belhadj , Chakrone Omar 
Published: April 2017

Using variational methods, we prove in a different cases the existence and multiplicity of $a$-harmonic solutions for the following elleptic problem:\begin{equation*}\begin{gathered}div(a(x, \nabla u))=0, \quad \text{in }\Omega, \\a(x, \nabla u).\nu=f(x,u), \quad \text{on } \partial\Omega,\end{gathered}\end{equation*} where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N(N \geq 2)$ is a bounded domain ofsmooth boundary $\partial\Omega$ and $\nu$ is the outward normalvector on $\partial\Omega$. $f: \partial\Omega\times \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R},$ $a: \overline{\Omega}\times \mathbb{R}^{N} \rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{N},$ are fulfilling appropriate conditions.
Work Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction: Moderating or Direct Effect of Social Support Exist among IT Professionals?
Authors: Sang Long Choi , Ler Kuan Chan , Owee Kowang Tan , Chin Fei Goh 
Published: April 2017

This paper discusses the empirical study regarding work family conflict on job satisfaction. 100 IT professionals from the Malaysian IT industry participated in this study. Findings showed that work family conflict is negatively correlated with job satisfaction and social support. However, social support does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between work family conflict and job satisfaction.
Expression of the Fluoroquinolones Efflux Pump Genes acrA and mdfA in Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates
Authors: ABDELHAMID SARAH M. , ABOZAHRA RANIA R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of urinary tract infections. Efflux system overexpression is reported to contribute to E. coli resistance to several antibiotics. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relation between antibiotic resistance and the expression of the efflux pump genes acrA and mdfA in E. coli by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. We tested the in vitro susceptibilities to 12 antibiotics in 28 clinical isolates of E. coli obtained from urine samples. We also determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of levofloxacin to these samples. We then revealed significant correlations between the overexpression of both mdfA and acrA and MICs of levofloxacin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the increased expression of efflux pump genes such as mdfA and acrA can lead to levofloxacin resistance in E. coli. These findings contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of efflux pump systems and how they contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Antimicrobial Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma against Selected Oral and Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: AGGOUR REHAM L. , GAMIL LINA 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Antimicrobial properties of platelet rich plasma (PRP) against various microorganisms have been recently pointed out. PRP could be an alternative to conventional antibiotics in preventing oral and periodontal infections. We examined whether PRP has in vitro antimicrobial properties against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prophyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were obtained from whole blood of 10 healthy volunteers and 10 periodontitis patients. In vitro laboratory susceptibility was carried out using the modified agar diffusion method by measuring the diameters of inhibition zones on agar plates coated with selected microbial strains. Both calcium chloride (CaCl2) activated and non activated samples were tested. Both activated PRP and PPP, of both patients and controls, effectively inhibited the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and C. albicans. However, a statistically significant difference in favor of PRP was found indicating more susceptibility to PRP than PPP (p < 0.05). Non activated PRP and PPP exhibited negative zones of inhibition against the studied microorganisms. There was no activity against S. aureus. No statistically significant difference was found between the antimicrobial effects of PRP and/or PPP obtained from patients and controls (p > 0.05). We conclude that PRP is a potentially useful substance against oral and periodontal pathogens. Activated PRP was found to be more active than activated PPP and the activation of coagulation is a fundamental step. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of PRP and/or PPP seems not to be affected by periodontitis.
A Comparative Study: Taxonomic Grouping of Alkaline Protease Producing Bacilli
Authors: TEKIN NILGUN , CIHAN ARZU COLERI , KARACA BASAR , COKMUS CUMHUR 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Alkaline proteases have biotechnological importance due to their activity and stability at alkaline pH. 56 bacteria, capable of growing under alkaline conditions were isolated and their alkaline protease activities were carried out at different parameters to determine their optimum alkaline protease production conditions. Seven isolates were showed higher alkaline protease production capacity than the reference strains. The highest alkaline protease producing isolates (103125 U/g), E114 and C265, were identified as Bacillus licheniformis with 99.4% and Bacillus mojavensis 99.8% based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Interestingly, the isolates identified as Bacillus safensis were also found to be high alkaline protease producing strains. Genotypic characterizations of the isolates were also determined by using a wide range of molecular techniques (ARDRA, ITS-PCR, (GTG)5-PCR, BOX-PCR). These different techniques allowed us to differentiate the alkaliphilic isolates and the results were in concurrence with phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA genes. While ITS-PCR provided the highest correlation with 16S rRNA groups, (GTG)5-PCR showed the highest differentiation at species and intra-species level. In this study, each of the biotechnologically valuable alkaline protease producing isolates was grouped into their taxonomic positions with multi-genotypic analyses.
Dipicolinic Acid Release and the Germination of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Spores under Nutrient Germinants
Authors: PORĘBSKA IZABELA , SOKOŁOWSKA BARBARA , WOŹNIAK ŁUKASZ 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The presence of Alicyclobacillus, a thermoacidophilic and spore-forming bacterium, in acidic fruit juices poses a serious problem for the processing industry. A typical sign of spoilage in contaminated juices is a characteristic phenolic off-flavour associated with the production of guaiacol. Spores are formed in response to starvation and in a natural environment re-access the nutrients, e.g.: L-alanine and AGFK – a mixture of asparagine, glucose, fructose and potassium, triggers germination. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of L-alanine and AGFK on the germination of the spores of two Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris strains and to evaluate the relationship of the germination rate with dipicolinic acid (DPA) release. The spores were suspended in apple juice or in buffers at pH 4 and pH 7, followed by the addition of L-alanine and AGFK. Suspensions were or were not subjected, to a temperature of 80°C/10 min and incubated for various periods of time at 45°C. Optical density (OD660) was used to estimate the number of germinated spores. The amount of DPA released was determined using HPLC. The results indicate that the degree of germination of A. acidoterrestris spores depended on the strain and time of incubation and the nutritious compounds used. The data obtained show that the amount of DPA released correlated to the number of A. acidoterrestris spores germinated.
Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activity of the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Water in Two Dystrophic Lakes
Authors: KOSTRZEWSKA-SZLAKOWSKA IWONA , KIERSZTYN BARTOSZ 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Nutrient and organic matter concentration, microbial biomass and activities were studied at the surface microlayers (SML) and subsurface waters (SSW) in two small forest lakes of different water colour. The SML in polyhumic lake is more enriched with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (0.141 mg l–1) than that of oligohumic lake (0.124 mg l–1), the former also contains higher levels of total nitrogen (2.66 mg l–1). Higher activities of lipase (Vmax 2290 nmol l–1 h–1 in oligo- and 6098 in polyhumic) and glucosidase (Vmax 41 nmol l–1 h–1 in oligo- and 49 in polyhumic) were in the SMLs in both lakes. Phosphatase activity was higher in the oligohumic SML than in SSW (Vmax 632 vs. 339 nmol l–1 h–1) while in polyhumic lake was higher in SSW (Vmax 2258 nmol l–1 h–1 vs. 1908 nmol l–1 h–1). Aminopeptidase activity in the SSW in both lakes was higher than in SMLs (Vmax 2117 in oligo- and 1213 nmol l–1 h–1 in polyhumic). It seems that solar radiation does inhibit neuston microbial community as a whole because secondary production and the share of active bacteria in total bacteria number were higher in SSW. However, in the oligohumic lake the abundance of bacteria in the SML was always higher than in the SSW (4.07 vs. 2.69 × 106 cells ml–1) while in the polyhumic lake was roughly equal (4.48 vs. 4.33 × 106 cells ml–1) in both layers. Results may also suggest that surface communities are not supplemented by immigration from bulk communities. The SML of humic lakes may act as important sinks for allochthonous nutrient resources and may then generate considerable energy pools for microbial food webs.
Suppressive Effect of Trichoderma spp. on toxigenic Fusarium species
Authors: BŁASZCZYK LIDIA , BASIŃSKA-BARCZAK ANETA , ĆWIEK-KUPCZYŃSKA HANNA , GROMADZKA KAROLINA , POPIEL DELFINA , STĘPIEŃ ŁUKASZ 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the abilities of twenty-four isolates belonging to ten different Trichoderma species (i.e., Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma cremeum, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma longipile, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma viridescens) to inhibit the mycelial growth and mycotoxin production by five Fusarium strains (i.e., Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium cerealis, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium temperatum). Dual-culture bioassay on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium clearly documented that all of the Trichoderma strains used in the study were capable of influencing the mycelial growth of at least four of all five Fusarium species on the fourth day after co-inoculation, when there was the first apparent physical contact between antagonist and pathogen. The qualitative evaluation of the interaction between the colonies after 14 days of co-culturing on PDA medium showed that ten Trichoderma strains completely overgrew and sporulated on the colony at least one of the tested Fusarium species. Whereas, the microscopic assay provided evidence that only T. atroviride AN240 and T. viride AN255 formed dense coils around the hyphae of the pathogen from where penetration took place. Of all screened Trichoderma strains, T. atroviride AN240 was also found to be the most efficient (69–100% toxin reduction) suppressors of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, beauvericin, moniliformin) production by all five Fusarium species on solid substrates. This research suggests that T. atroviride AN240 can be a promising candidate for the biological control of toxigenic Fusarium species.
Screening and Identification of Yeasts Antagonistic to Pathogenic Fungi Show a Narrow Optimal pH Range for Antagonistic Activity
Authors: CHEN PEI-HUA , CHOU JUI-YU 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Microbes have evolved ways of interference competition to gain advantage over their ecological competitors. The use of secreted antagonistic compounds by yeast cells is one of the prominent examples. Although this killer behavior has been thoroughly studied in laboratory yeast strains, our knowledge of the antagonistic specificity of killer effects in nature remains limited. In this study, yeast strains were collected from various niches and screened for antagonistic activity against one toxin-sensitive strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three pathogenic fungi. We demonstrate that some strains with antagonistic activity against these pathogenic fungi can be found in antagonist culture tests. These yeasts were identified as members of Trichosporon asahii, Candida stellimalicola, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Ustilago esculenta, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Pichia kluyveri. The results indicated that the antagonistic activity of these killer yeasts has a narrow optimal pH range. Furthermore, we found that the antagonistic activity of some species is strain-dependent.
Use of Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism to Genotype Pseudomonas stutzeri Strains Following Exposure to Ultraviolet Light A
Authors: LOMBARDI LISA , ZOPPO MARINA , RIZZATO COSMERI , EGAN COLIN GERARD , SCARPATO ROBERTO , TAVANTI ARIANNA 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Changes in ultraviolet light radiation can act as a selective force on the genetic and physiological traits of a microbial community. Two strains of the common soil bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri, isolated from aquifer cores and from human spinal fluid were exposed to ultraviolet light. Amplification length polymorphism analysis (AFLP) was used to genotype this bacterial species and evaluate the effect of UVA-exposure on genomic DNA extracted from 18 survival colonies of the two strains compared to unexposed controls. AFLP showed a high discriminatory power, confirming the existence of different genotypes within the species and presence of DNA polymorphisms in UVA-exposed colonies.
Vital Staining of Bacteria by Sunset Yellow Pigment
Authors: GAO PENG , SUN CHENGMING , LI YUXIA , ZOU XIAOHUA , WU XUN , LING YAN , LUAN CAIFU , CHEN HUIPENG 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this study, we describe a method for discriminating pathogenic bacteria with a dye. First, we determined that among several colours tested, the sunset yellow pigment easily coloured Escherichia coli bacteria yellow. Next, we demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri O301, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis could all be well marked by sunset yellow pigment. Finally, we performed bacterial viability assays and found there was no effect on bacterial growth when in co-culture with sunset yellow. Our results suggest that sunset yellow is suitable pigment to dye microorganisms.
Antiviral Resistance of Splenocytes in Aged Mice
Authors: ZACZYŃSKA EWA , ARTYM JOLANTA , KOCIĘBA MAJA , BURSTER TIMO , KRUZEL MARIAN , PAPROCKA MARIA , ZIMECKI MICHAŁ 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We compared the susceptibility to viral infection of splenocytes, isolated from young versus old CBA mice, and evaluated the antiviral actions of lactoferrin in splenocytes infected with Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Recombinant mouse lactoferrin (rmLF) and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) were used. There were no differences in the susceptibility to EMCV infection in the studied age categories. Both types of lactoferrins were protective in young and old mice. The study confirmed the undisturbed viral resistance in old mice and the protective actions of lactoferrin in viral infection. The antiviral action of the homologous mouse lactoferrin was demonstrated for the first time.
Barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among young men who have sex with men and transgender women in Kingston, Jamaica: a qualitative study
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Lacombe‐Duncan Ashley , Brien Natasha , Jones Nicolette , Lee‐Foon Nakia , Levermore Kandasi , Marshall Annecka , Nyblade Laura , Newman Peter A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jamaica have the highest HIV prevalence in the Caribbean. There is little information about HIV among transgender women in Jamaica, who are also overrepresented in the Caribbean epidemic. HIV‐related stigma is a barrier to HIV testing among Jamaica's general population, yet little is known of MSM and transgender women's HIV testing experiences in Jamaica. We explored perceived barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among young MSM and transgender women in Kingston, Jamaica.Methods: We implemented a community‐based research project in collaboration with HIV and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) agencies in Kingston. We held two focus groups, one with young (aged 18–30 years) transgender women (n = 8) and one with young MSM (n = 10). We conducted 53 in‐depth individual semi‐structured interviews focused on HIV testing experiences with young MSM (n = 20), transgender women (n = 20), and community‐based key informants (n = 13). We conducted thematic analysis to identify, analyze, and report themes.Results: Participant narratives revealed social‐ecological barriers and facilitators to HIV testing. Barriers included healthcare provider mistreatment, confidentiality breaches, and HIV‐related stigma: these spanned interpersonal, community and structural levels. Healthcare provider discrimination and judgment in HIV testing provision presented barriers to accessing HIV services (e.g. treatment), and resulted in participants hiding their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Confidentiality concerns included: clinic physical arrangements that segregated HIV testing from other health services, fear that healthcare providers would publicly disclose their status, and concerns at LGBT‐friendly clinics that peers would discover they were getting tested. HIV‐related stigma contributed to fear of testing HIV‐positive; this intersected with the stigma of HIV as a “gay” disease. Participants also anticipated healthcare provider mistreatment if they tested HIV positive. Participants identified individual (belief in benefits of knowing one's HIV status), social (social support) and structural (accessible testing) factors that can increase HIV testing uptake.Conclusions: Findings suggest the need for policy and practice changes to enhance confidentiality and reduce discrimination in Jamaica. Interventions to challenge HIV‐related and LGBT stigma in community and healthcare settings can enhance access to the HIV prevention cascade among MSM and transgender youth in Jamaica.
Türk Soylu Öğrencilerin Türkiye Türkçesi Sözlü Anlatım Çalışmalarının “Konuşma Becerisi Değerlendirme Ölçeği”ne Göre Analizi: Gagauz Örneği / Analysis of Turkic Students Verbal Expression Studies in Turkey Turkish Language by “Speaking Skill Assessment Scale”
Authors: Kurt Berker 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p>In this study, the situation of the Turkic students’ verbal expressions of Turkey Turkish was evaluated with the special action of Gagauz Turks. The research findings reveal that Gagauz Turks depend on their mother language in terms of word choice, pronunciation, emphasis and sentence structure in verbal expressions. The similarity between Gagauz Turkish and Turkey Turkish is the main determinant for this situation. Research findings show that if the students were not to comprehend the similarities between the two languages this would have a negative impact on the verbal expression of Turkey Turkish. Therefore, as a result of the research, it is concluded that in order to improve the speaking ability of Turkey Turkish in teaching Turkic, it is necessary to take into account the mother language features that the target language has and to plan teaching accordingly.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada Türk soylu öğrencilerin Türkiye Türkçesi sözlü anlatımlarındaki durumları Gagauz Türkleri özelinden hareketle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, Gagauz Türklerinin sözlü anlatımlarında sözcük seçimi, telaffuz, vurgu ve cümle yapısı açısından ana dillerine bağlı kaldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durumun oluşmasında Gagauz Türkçesi ile Türkiye Türkçesi arasındaki benzerlik önemli bir etkendir. Araştırma bulguları, öğrencilerin iki dil arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları yeterince kavrayamamış olmalarının Türkiye Türkçesi sözlü anlatımlarını olumsuz olarak etkilediğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, araştırma sonucunda, Türkiye Türkçesinin Türk soylulara öğretiminde konuşma becerisinin geliştirilmesi için hedef kitlenin sahip olduğu ana dil özelliklerinin göz önünde tutulması ve öğretimin buna göre planlanması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. </p>
IMAGINÁRIO SOCIALISTA
Authors: Katz Claudio 
Published: April 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;">Quatro modos de renovação do socialismo na América Latina ocupa a tradição de um projeto que promove a igualdade, a expansão da propriedade pública e auto-determinação popular. O sucesso inicial do programa assustou os governantes e gerou grandes conquistas sociais.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;">O alívio dos bancos refuta estatismo socialista neoclássica ea adaptação heterodoxo ao neoliberalismo contradiz a existência de vários modelos capitalistas acusações. A economia soviética feito enormes progressos, mas nunca ameaçou a supremacia dos Estados Unidos.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;">O colapso da União Soviética enriquecimento pelas ambições de seus líderes, mas a tentativa socialista era verdade na seqüência histórica de ensaios igualitários. Os tormentos do capitalismo induzir recriar essas experiências, o que corresponde socialistas chamam sem hesitação. Este projeto envolve a convergência com as estratégias de unidade continental anti-imperialismo da América Latina</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;"> </span></p>