bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language learning effects through the integration of synchronous online communication: The case of video communication and Second Life
Authors: Canto Silvia , Jauregi Ondarra Kristi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article attempts to shed some light on the possible learning benefits for language acquisition and intercultural development of authentic social interaction with expert peers through computer mediated communication (CMC) tools. The environments used in this study are video communication and the 3D virtual worldSecond Life. For this research study 41 students of Spanish were randomly allocated to three conditions: (1) face-to-face control group, (2) experimental interaction group with video communication, and (3) experimental interaction group withSecond Life. All students were following the same language course at B1 level and carried out 5 communication tasks. Different data sources were gathered to measure the impact that integration of CMC has on the development of the intercultural and communicative competence of L2 learners: (1) pre- and post- oral tests to measure the communicative growth of L2 learners; (2) surveys to gather participants’ experiences; and (3) recordings of communication sessions for qualitative in- depth analysis of interaction. Significant differences in the development of communicative competence were found, with experimental groups scoring significantly higher than the face-to-face control group.
An exploratory study of translanguaging practices in an online beginner-level foreign language classroom
Authors: Adinolfi Lina , Astruc Lluïsa 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Translanguaging, the movement between communicative modes and features of different languages, is becoming an established research tradition in content-focused second language learning contexts. Pedagogic translanguaging practices nevertheless remain under-applied and under-researched in foreign language instructional settings, whether face-to-face or online. Synchronous virtual foreign language classrooms represent particularly rich spaces in which to begin to explore such practices, due to their multimodal affordances on the one hand and their technical constraints on the other. This study examines the pedagogic translanguaging practices that occur in a corpus of beginner-level Spanish online group tutorial data. A macro-level analysis of the interactional patterns that occur within this context reveals that both teacher participants follow closely the pedagogic prescriptions provided by the course designers with regard to the activities they employ. The finding that these activities offer limited opportunities for students to move between communicative modes and languages may be attributed in part to the emphasis on spoken interaction in this particular setting. A complementary micro-level analysis nevertheless reveals a more autonomous and intuitive approach to the teachers’ choice of language when mediating such activities. Instances of student code-switching are relatively few, however. The study concludes with a call to course designers and practitioners to experiment with integrating a wide range of pedagogic translanguaging opportunities into online foreign language classroom activities, with a view to enhancing teaching, learning and communication in such environments.
Model-Based Design of Experiments for Kinetic Study of Anisole Upgrading Process over Pt/γAl2O3: Model Development and Optimization by Application of Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Saidi Majid , Fallah Mohammad Ali Roshanfekr , Nemati Nasrin , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The kinetic of catalytic upgrading of anisole as a lignin−derived bio−oil component is investigated experimentally over Pt/γAl2O3
at 573−673 K and 14 bar. According to experimental results, benzene, phenol, 2−methylphenol, 2,6−dimethylphenol, 2,4,6−trimethylphenol, and hexamethylbenzene are identified as the main products. The results indicated that the kinetically significant reaction classes are hydrogenolysis, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), alkylation, and hydrogenation. The response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to optimize the experimental data which obtained at suggested conditions by design of experiment (DOE). Due to the complex nature of the system, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were employed as an efficient tool to model the behavior of the system. RSM and ANN methods were constructed based upon the DOE’s points and then utilized for generating extra−simulated data. Data simulated by the RSM/ANN method were used to fit power law kinetic rate expressions for the reactions. The coefficient of determination (R2
) was obtained 0.998 and 0.973 for anisole conversion model and benzene selectivity model which represented the high accuracy of model predictions. The correlation coefficient (R) and mean square error (MSE) of ANN model equaled to 0.97 and 8.3 × 10−12 respectively means high accuracy of the developed model. The results of kinetic modeling with simulated data from the ANN and RSM models revealed that the highest reaction order during the upgrading process of anisole belongs to hydrogenolysis of anisole to phenol. Also the activation energy of hydrogenolysis reaction was lower than HDO.
Evaluation of genotype-guided acenocoumarol dosing algorithms in Russian patients
Authors: Sychev Dmitriy Alexeyevich , Rozhkov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Ananichuk Anna Viktorovna , Kazakov Ruslan Evgenyevich 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background:
Acenocoumarol dose is normally determined via step-by-step adjustment process based on International Normalized Ratio (INR) measurements. During this time, the risk of adverse reactions is especially high. Several genotype-based acenocoumarol dosing algorithms have been created to predict ideal doses at the start of anticoagulant therapy.

Methods:
Nine dosing algorithms were selected through a literature search. These were evaluated using a cohort of 63 patients with atrial fibrillation receiving acenocoumarol therapy.

Results:
None of the existing algorithms could predict the ideal acenocoumarol dose in 50% of Russian patients. The Wolkanin-Bartnik algorithtm based on European population was the best-performing one with the highest correlation values (r=0.397), mean absolute error (MAE) 0.82 (±0.61). EU-PACT also managed to give an estimate within the ideal range in 43% of the cases. The two least accurate results were yielded by the Indian population-based algorithms. Among patients receiving amiodarone, algorithms by Schie and Tong proved to be the most effective with the MAE of 0.48±0.42 mg/day and 0.56±0.31 mg/day, respectively.

Conclusions:
Patient ethnicity and amiodarone intake are factors that must be considered when building future algorithms. Further research is required to find the perfect dosing formula of acenocoumarol maintenance doses in Russian patients.
Yet Another Pseudorandom Number Generator
Authors: Stoyanov Borislav , Szczypiorski Krzysztof , Kordov Krasimir 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We propose a novel pseudorandom number generator based on R¨ossler attractor and bent Boolean function. We estimated the output bits properties by number of statistical tests. The results of the cryptanalysis show that the new pseudorandom number generation scheme provides a high level of data security.
Event-Generated Affect and its Carryover Effects: Implications for Small Business vs High Growth Venture Goals
Authors: Adomdza Gordon , Dedeke Adenekan (Nick) 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExperiential processing of events has been argued to result in affective reactions –emotions and feelings – which in turn influence judgment and decision states. Research also suggests that specific experiential processing may carry action-oriented appraisal dimensions that act as implicit perceptual lenses for interpreting subsequent experiences. However, founders with different founding goals may self-select into different founding trajectories that provide them with different experiences and therefore different affective reactions. Therefore, we develop a conceptual model to study experience or event-generated affect within the domain of two common venture goals: small business vs high growth venture goals. Our model unearths insights into affect research in entrepreneurship. Implications for research and practice are also provided.
The State of the Minimum Wage: Federalism, Economic Policy, and Workers’ Well-Being
Authors: Flavin Patrick , Shufeldt Gregory 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this essay, we contribute to the growing national discussion about the future of minimum wage policy and its implications for working class Americans. First, we discuss the politics of the minimum wage in the United States, with special attention to the sizable and rich variation across the fifty American states and the importance of federalism. Second, we examine competing theoretical arguments (and, when available, empirical evidence) about the advantages and the disadvantages of increasing the minimum wage, particularly as it pertains to workers’ well-being. Third, as a case study of the potential effects of raising the minimum wage, we present preliminary results from an original empirical analysis that assesses how state minimum wage increases impact the quality of life that working class citizens experience.
Fubini’s Theorem on Measure
Authors: Endou Noboru 
Published: May 2017

Summary
The purpose of this article is to show Fubini’s theorem on measure [16], [4], [7], [15], [18]. Some theorems have the possibility of slight generalization, but we have priority to avoid the complexity of the description. First of all, for the product measure constructed in [14], we show some theorems. Then we introduce the section which plays an important role in Fubini’s theorem, and prove the relevant proposition. Finally we show Fubini’s theorem on measure.
Ordered Rings and Fields
Authors: Schwarzweller Christoph 
Published: May 2017

Summary
We introduce ordered rings and fields following Artin-Schreier’s approach using positive cones. We show that such orderings coincide with total order relations and give examples of ordered (and non ordered) rings and fields. In particular we show that polynomial rings can be ordered in (at least) two different ways [8, 5, 4, 9]. This is the continuation of the development of algebraic hierarchy in Mizar [2, 3].
Embedded Lattice and Properties of Gram Matrix
Authors: Futa Yuichi , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: May 2017

Summary
In this article, we formalize in Mizar [14] the definition of embedding of lattice and its properties. We formally define an inner product on an embedded module. We also formalize properties of Gram matrix. We formally prove that an inverse of Gram matrix for a rational lattice exists. Lattice of Z-module is necessary for lattice problems, LLL (Lenstra, Lenstra and Lov´asz) base reduction algorithm [16] and cryptographic systems with lattice [17].
Development of stem cracks in young hybrid aspen plantations
Authors: Šēnhofa Silva , Zeps Mārtiņš , Gailis Arnis , Kāpostiņš Rolands , Jansons Āris 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Cracks expose wood to fungal infections that significantly affects wood quality, while rapid wound occlusion decreases probability of infections. Assessment of scars was done at four grade scale in three adjacent hybrid aspen trials at the age of 8-10 years in central part of Latvia three years after bark crack occurrence. Occluded wounds were found for 95% of damaged trees, regardless of tree age. Among trees that had cracks wider than 1 cm, 42% had uniformly healed bark, but 7% still had open wounds. Wound development was significantly affected by crack width and length (both p < 0.001), but had no clear relation with tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and relative DBH increment (both p > 0.05). At clonal mean level, scar grade was significantly affected by grade of crack three years earlier and clone (both p < 0.001), but mean DBH of clone had no relation (p > 0.05) to proportion of trees evaluated by any of the scar grades. The results suggest that three years after the bark crack formation most of them had successfully occluded and selection of clones with better diameter growth has no influence on development of cracks.
Influence of spot mounding on height growth and tending of Norway spruce: case study in Latvia
Authors: Dzerina Baiba , Girdziusas Sigitas , Lazdina Dagnija , Lazdins Andis , Jansons Jurģis , Neimane Una , Jansons Āris 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Norway spruce is commonly regenerated by planting and disc trenching is by far the most widely used soil preparation method in Latvia; however, in specific site conditions other methods might be beneficial. Therefore aim of our study was to assess influence of spot mounding on early growth and tending of Norway spruce in hemiboreal forests. Spot mounding was compared with disc trenching or no soil preparation in central part of Latvia (57° N 24° E) in five different forest types, where two-year-old containerized Norway spruce seedlings were planted. Influence of soil preparation method on tending was assessed in the same region in two different sites in a single forest type on drained fertile mineral soil. Spot mounding had positive effect on the height increment of the dominant trees at the 6th to 8th growing season. Mean height of Norway spruce at the end of 8th growing season on mounds significantly exceeded that on unprepared soil: 179 ± 6.5 and 152 ± 6.2 cm, respectively. Similarly mean height on mounds was significantly larger than on furrows: 209 ± 3.9 and 154 ± 4.0 cm, respectively. Projective vegetation cover before the tending was significantly higher in spot-mounded, but after - in disc trenched sites. Networking time for brashsaw operators in spot-mounded (478 min/ha-1) and disc trenched (462 min/ha-1) sites was similar (p > 0.05). Overall, spot mounding ensured more suitable microenvironment resulting in higher productivity of planted trees and had no negative effect on quality or efficiency of tending, therefore its wider use is recommended.
Intra-annual radial growth of European beech – a case study in north easternmost stand in Europe
Authors: Krišāns Oskars , Puriņa Līga , Mesters Dāvis , Kāpostiņš Rolands , Rieksts-Riekstiņš Juris , Jansons Āris 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Fagus sylvatica L. is one of the most important commercial tree species in Europe and its natural distribution range is expected to shift northwards due to climatic changes. Detailed information of factors affecting its growth is crucial as a basis for recommendations of wider use of this tree species. Aim of the study was to characterize the changes of radial growth intensity of European beech during a vegetation season. In mature beech stand in northwest Latvia two sample trees (dominant (DT) and suppressed (ST)) were selected in Hylocomiosa forest type. Continuous measurements of changes of stem diameter and xylem sap fl ow as well as meteorological parameters were carried out. Stem cycle approach was applied to distinguish the duration of contraction, expansion and increment of the stem. Onset and cessation of growth of the ST tree was observed several days later compared with DT and mean growth intensity during the entire observation period was considerably lower (0.014 mm/day-1 for ST and 0.022 mm/day-1 for DT, respectively). Most intensive growth increment diurnally was observed in the early morning before sunrise, and seasonally till beginning of July. Positive effect of precipitation and low water pressure deficit (VPD) on growth was observed, while high VPD coincided with stem contraction. Results indicate the sensitivity of radial growth of European beech to water deficit and high atmospheric transpirational demand; therefore, future potential of cultivation of beech in Latvia depends on changes in moisture regime.
Stem cracks of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) provenances in Western Latvia
Authors: Zeltiņš Pauls , Katrevičs Juris , Gailis Arnis , Maaten Tiit , Jansons Jurģis , Jansons Āris 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Stem cracks are damaging for timber quality and can reduce the monetary value of a tree both directly and indirectly: serving as gateway for fungal infections. Aim of the study was to assess the influence of tree dimensions and seed origin on the frequency of stem crack for Norway spruce. The study was carried out in two contiguous provenance trials (material from 12 countries), established in 1972 and 1975 in Western Latvia. Stem cracking was assessed using five-score scale. Most of the affected trees (90%) had very light or light damage. There was no relation of diameter at breast height to incidence of stem cracks. Analysis revealed a significant provenance effect on occurrence of stem cracks. Russian provenances tended to have lower risk of stem cracking and relatively narrow variation within the region, while Baltic and Ukrainian origins had wide range of stem cracking, having best as well as worst provenances in terms of cracking. Overall it is possible to select fast growing provenances with relatively low incidence of stem cracks.
Water Management, Purification and Testing Techniques in Indo-Pak Landscapes in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Manzoor Suryyia , Iqbal Taniya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article reviews water transportation, testing and purification techniques in a regional context - the Indo-Pak subcontinent, a southern region of Asia - during the early modern period. A brief history of comparative methodologies based on surveys and historical texts has been explored as evidence of the evolving types of water testing parameters between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries. This analysis also took under consideration the role of culture, beliefs as well as religious rituals in the selection of drinking water and how it has influenced the population living conditions, dominating the process of decision-making within a specific community.
The intensity and energy expenditure of exertions, restitution speed, and rate of perceived exertion after tournament matches in Polish futsal players
Authors: Wolański Paweł , Muracki Jarosław , Goliński Dawid , Nosal Jarosław , Bakońska-Pacoń Ewa , Murawska-Ciałowicz Eugenia 
Published: May 2017

PurposeFutsal is a very dynamic indoor team sport. Like in soccer, futsal players perform a number of efforts of different intensity during a match. In each match there are a few return substitutions to allow players to have some rest. The aim of the study was to assess the intensity and energy expenditure of single efforts and the dynamics of restitution after the efforts during successive futsal matches.MethodsThe study consisted in measuring the players’ (<i>n</i> = 11) heart rate (HR) during four matches: A, B, C, D. The HR measurement started during a pre-match warm-up and ended 5 min after the match.ResultsThe highest intensity of single efforts was noticed in match A. It equalled 90.22 ± 4.90% HR<sub>max</sub> and it was the highest in comparison with other matches (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The energy expenditure of efforts performed by players in the matches was 395.11 ± 118.70 kcal. The mean energy expenditure of a single effort was 16.33 ± 5.36 kcal/min. The highest energy expenditure was registered in match A, and it equalled 17.31 ± 4.71 kcal/min during a single effort on the pitch after a return substitution.ConclusionsThe intensity was very high, much higher than that of players’ efforts in 11-a-side soccer. It should be concluded that an appropriate reduction in the time players spend on the pitch during their successive efforts in one match and the consecutive tournament matches can result in reducing the decrease in the effort intensity.
Differences in physical activity, nutritional behaviours, and body silhouette concern among boys and girls from selected european countries
Authors: Bergier Józef , Niźnikowska Ewelina , Bergier Barbara , Acs Pongrac , Salonna Ferdinand , Junger Jan 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the physical activity level, nutritional behaviours, and body silhouette concern in 15–17-year-old boys and girls from Eastern European countries.MethodsThe research, carried out in 2015, involved 2145 secondary school adolescents, including 877 boys and 1268 girls (mean = 16.5, <i>SD</i> = 2.0). The results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Health Behaviours Questionnaire were analysed.ResultsThe questionnaire results allowed to conclude that boys were definitely more active than girls. A significant relationship between physical activity and the number of meals was found. Another significant relationship was observed between higher physical activity in boys who wanted to gain weight and in girls who wanted to lose weight.ConclusionsBoth boys and girls have positive attitudes towards their health with regard to their level of physical activity, nutritional behaviours, and body silhouette concern. A significant relationship was found in the interrelationship among the features considered, with simultaneous gender differentiation.
Energy expenditure and lactate concentration in sports dancers in a simulated final round of the standard style competition
Authors: Pilch Wanda , Tota Łukasz , Pokora Ilona , Głowa Mateusz , Piotrowska Anna , Chlipalska Olga , Zuziak Roxana , Czerwińska Olga 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo determine the energy expenditure in dancers and the nature of energy transformations which take place during a simulated final round of sports dance competition in standard style.MethodsThe study involved 6 sports dancing couples in highest dance classes (4 couples in S class, 2 couples in A class) according to WDSF (World Dance Sport Federation). There were two phases of the study. The first phase was to determine anthropometric indices, the second – to carry out a simulation of a tournament round in standard style. During a simulated final round of sports dance competition, heart rate (HR) and lactate concentration (La–) were measured, respiratory indicators were recorded (VO<SUB>2</SUB>, VCO<SUB>2</SUB>, RER), and energy expenditure was calculated.ResultsThe VO<SUB>2</SUB> values rated during each round differed statistically significantly between the group of men and women, (34.59 ± 3.82 ml • min<sup>–1</sup> • kg<sup>–1</sup> and 44.18 ± 4.34 ml • min<sup>-1</sup> • kg<sup>–1</sup>; F = 41.07, <i>p</i> = 0.01). The mean respiratory exchange ratio was 1.08 ± 0.07 in men and 1.06 ± 0.07 in women. During a round, the lactate concentration increased, and at the end, after the last dance, it reached the value of 12.9 ± 2.1 mmol • l<sup>–1</sup> in women and 13,3 ± 2.7 mmol • l<sup>–1</sup> in men. The energy expenditure after the completed round in men was 16.6 ± 1.3 kcal • min<sup>–1</sup> and was higher than in the group of women, 10.7 ± 1.0 kcal • min<sup>–1</sup> (F = 3.67;<i> p</i> = 0.01). The highest energy expenditure in all subsequent dances was noted during quickstep.ConclusionsThe study results complement the knowledge on the intensity of dance effort and confirm that the dance effort during sports competition is one of the heavy forms of physical activity based on aerobic and anaerobic energy processes. Therefore, the periodization of dance couple training process should considerably take into account the implementation of training loads that would help building solid aerobic and anaerobic capacity.