bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: GAS‐PHASE ACID‐INDUCED NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS. 4. A STEREOCHEMICAL PROBE FOR THE EXISTENCE AND THE RELATIVE STABILITY OF CYCLIC HALONIUM IONS IN THE GAS PHASE
Authors: ANGELINI G. , SPERANZA M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie threo‐ oder erythro‐Dihalogenbutane wie z.B. (I) reagieren mit den radiolytisch aus den Trägergasen CH4 oder CH3F erzeugten Brqßnsted‐ oder Lewis‐Säuren z.B. CH; oder CH3FCH; und H2O zu den Halogenhydrinen (III) und (IV) mit Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐FLUOROALKYLAMINES AS A NEW SOURCE OF UNHYDRATED FLUORIDE ION. 2. α,α‐DIFLUOROTRIMETHYLAMINE
Authors: KNUNYANTS I. L. , DELYAGINA N. I. , IGUMNOV S. M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstractα,α‐Difluor‐trimethylamin (I) reagiert aus der Zwischenstufe (II) mit den Ketoverbindungen (III) und (VI) unter Abspaltung von COF2 zu den Derivaten (V) bzw. (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF Z‐ AND E‐POLYUNSATURATED ISOPRENOIDS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS INITIATING ELECTROPHILIC CYCLIZATION
Authors: SEMENOVSKII A. V. , MIZYUK V. L. , ODINOKOV V. N. , AKHUNOVA V. R. , TOLSTIKOV G. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird die selektive Umsetzung von Ketoaldehyden wie (I) und (VIII) zu mehrfach ungesättigten Aldehyden wie (III) bzw. (X) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MACROEXPANSION METHODOLOGY: AN EFFICIENT EIGHT UNIT RING EXPANSION
Authors: WENDER P. A. , SIEBURTH S. MCN. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCyclohexenoxid (I) liefert in der angegebenen Weise den ungesättigten Aldehyd (II), der durch Wittig‐Reaktion, Reduktion und erneute partielle Oxidation zum Dienon (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A ONE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF 2,6‐DISUBSTITUTED ANILINES FROM ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: CAMPS P. , JAIME C. , MOLAS J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKetone reagieren über ihre Enamine (I) mit dem 1,3‐Dichlor‐1,3‐dimethoxy‐propan (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu den 2,6‐disubstituierten Anilinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRALITY TRANSFER. A STEREOSPECIFIC PALLADIUM SALT CATALYZED PHENYLATION OF CHIRAL BUTENOLS
Authors: SMADJA W. , CZERNECKI S. , VILLE G. , GEORGOULIS C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie stereoisomeren 1‐Buten‐3‐ole (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Iodbenzol (II) in Gegenwart von bestimmten Pd‐Komplexen unter teilweiser optischer Iriduzierung zu den Phenylierungsprodukten (III) neben dem Umlagerungsprodukt (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐PHOTOAROMATIZATION. PART III. THE PREPARATION OF A STABLE 8‐OXATRICYCLO(4.3.0.07,9)NONA‐2,4‐DIENE AND AN EVALUATION OF ITS POTENTIAL AS A SOURCE FOR THE PHOTOCHEMICAL GENERATION OF OXIRENE
Authors: WARRENER R. N. , RUSSELL R. A. , TAN R. Y. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas aus (I) und (II) erhaltene Addukt (III) wird selektiv zu (IV) epoxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME 7‐SUBSTITUTED‐4‐(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)COUMARINS
Authors: BISSELL E. R. , LARSON D. K. , CROUDACE M. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen natürlichen Cumarinen, die als Farbaufheller, Pharmaka und/ oder Laserfarbstoffe Verwendung finden, ist es notwendig, Cumarine auf synthetischem Wege zu gewinnen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF 3‐METHYLBUT‐2‐ENAL WITH TRYPTAMINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. A SUGGESTION FOR THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF AUSTAMIDE
Authors: HARRISON D. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractL‐Tryptophan‐methylester (Ia) oder auch L‐Tryptamin (Ib) kondensieren zu den Schjffschen Basen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SILA PHARMACA. 23. 9,9‐DIMETHYL‐10‐(3‐DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL)‐9‐SILAACRIDANE, A SILA ANALOG OF DIMETACRINE, AND STRUCTURALLY RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: WIESE D. , TACKE R. , WANNAGAT U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Sila‐Dimetacrin (VIIIa), ein Sila‐Analoges des Psychopharmakons Dimetacrin, und sein N,N‐ Diethyl‐Derivat (VIIIb) sowie sein 3‐Chlor‐Derivat (VIIIc) werden, von den o‐Halogenanilinen (I) ausgehend, über die teilweise unbekannten Stufen (II)‐(VII) synthetisiert, in ihren Eigenschaften beschrieben und in ihrer Struktur über Elementaranalysen, 1H‐NMR‐ und Massenspektren sichergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORUS N‐ALKYL‐N‐2‐PROPYNYLAMIDO ACID CHLORIDES
Authors: BAYANDINA E. V. , SADKOVA D. N. , NURETDINOV I. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhosphoroxychlorid (I) reagiert mit den N‐Alkyl‐N‐2‐propinyl‐aminen (II) zu den Dichloriden (III) der Amidophosphorsäuren.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF β‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH DIALKYLSILYLPHOSPHITES AND TRIALKYLPHOSPHITES. STERIC STRUCTURE OF THE PRODUCTS
Authors: OFITSEROVA E. KH. , IVANOVA O. E. , OFITSEROV E. N. , KONOVALOVA I. V. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Dialkyltrimethylsilylphosphite (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Acetessigsäureethylester (II) zu den Phosphonaten (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: O,O‐BIS(POLYFLUOROALKYL)TRICHLOROMETHYLPHOSPHONATES
Authors: MAKAROV A. M. , GABOV N. I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Tetrachlorkohlenstoff (I), Aluminiumchlorid (II) und Phosphortrichlorid (III) entsteht der Komplex (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHOLANES CONTAINING A HYDRAZONE FRAGMENT IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MOLECULE
Authors: PUDOVIK M. A. , GADZHIEV G. YU. , DZHALILOV E. YU. , MEDVEDEVA M. D. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie β‐Hydroxy‐ethyl‐hydrazone von Aldehyden oder Ketonen (I) reagieren mit Di‐ bzw. Triamiden der Phosphorig‐ Säure (II) zu den 1,3,2‐Oxaza‐phospholanen (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS WITH A MIVA‐MERCURY BOND. PRECURSORS OF MONOVALENT (GERMYNES), DIVALENT (GERMYLENES), METAL‐CENTERED RADICALS AND GERMANIUM BIRADICAL INTERMEDIATES
Authors: RIVIERE P. , CASTEL A. , SATGE J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGei 4 ZGe = Ge( . ‐ Hydrogermane (I) reagieren mit Dibutylquecksilber (II) zu Bis‐germylquecksilberverbindungen (III), die beim Erhitzen unter Quecksilberabspaltung in Digermane (IV) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: 5T2⇌1A1 AND 6A1⇌2T2 SPIN TRANSITIONS IN IRON(II) AND IRON(III) COMPLEXES OF 2,2′‐BI‐2‐IMIDAZOLINE AND RELATED LIGANDS
Authors: BURNETT M. G. , MCKEE V. , NELSON S. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie F e(II)‐ und Ni(II)‐Komplexe (Ia), (Ib) und (III) (Ausb. 50%) sowie die Fe(III)‐Komplexe (Ic) werden durch Umsetzung von Fe(II)‐perchlorat oder ‐tetraphenylborat, Ni‐perchlorat oder Fe(III)‐ perchlorat mit den Liganden in Ethanol synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF 1,3‐(N,N′)‐DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLINE‐2‐THIONE
Authors: O'NEILL M. E. , RAPER E. S. , DANIELS J. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Rückflußkochen von 1‐Methylimidazol und Mel in Ethylacetat und anschließende Zugabe von Schwefel und K‐carbonat wurde der Ligand dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REDOX PROPERTIES OF TETRACHLOROBIS(DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINE)IRIDIUM: THE SYNTHESIS OF HALIDE‐BRIDGED MIXED‐METAL MIXED‐VALENCE COMPLEXES AND THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CD‐DI‐μ‐CHLORO‐AGH‐TRICHLORO‐EF‐BIS(DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINE)‐B‐TRIMETHYLARSI# NEPALLADIUM(II)IRIDIUM(III)
Authors: BRIANT C. E. , ROWLAND K. A. , WEBBER C. T. , MINGOS D. M. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Tetrachloro‐bis‐[phosphin]‐Ir(IV)‐Komplex (II) ist ein Einelektronen‐Oxidationsreagenz.
ChemInform Abstract: NATURALLY OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES. 355. SYNTHESIS OF THREE EUDESMANE DERIVATIVES ISOLATED FROM ISOCOMA WRIGHTII
Authors: BOHLMANN F. , KASSNER H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUm die biologischen Eigenschaften der aus Isocoma wrightii isolierten antibiotisch wirksamen γ‐Cyperon‐Derivate (VII) eingehend untersuchen zu können, war für diese Diketone eine Synthese notwendig.
ChemInform Abstract: PHYLLOCLADAN‐16β‐OL (13β‐KAURAN‐16β‐OL)
Authors: CARMAN R. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhyllocladen (I) wird zum Keton (II) ozonisiert, dessen Grignard‐Reaktion mit MeMgI ausschließlich das Titelisomere (III) liefert, das als Acetat (IV) und Dinitrobenzoat (V) charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS. PART 68. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF FORMYLSTEROIDS
Authors: HUEBNER M. + , PONSOLD K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie α‐Azido‐β‐methylhydroxysteroide (I), (IV), (VII) und (X) werden mit POCla unter Entzug von Wasser in die entsprechenden Azidomethylensteroide (II), (V), (VIII) und (XI) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐DIPHENYLMETHYLSILYLETHYL GROUP AS A NEW PROTECTING GROUP OF INTERNUCLEOTIDIC PHOSPHATES IN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS
Authors: HONDA S. , HATA T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Bis‐(p‐methoxyphenylthio)‐ phosphatanion (I) erhält man mit dem Carbinol (II) den Dithiophosphorsäureester (III), der zum Phosphat (IV) verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW WATER‐SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS‐ AND NITROGEN‐CONTAINING FIREPROOFING COMPOUNDS
Authors: ZUBKOVA N. S. , TYUGANOVA M. A. , SHABLYGIN M. V. , KIREEV V. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUmsetzung von Alkylphosphonsäuredichloriden (IV), die auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg zugänglich sind, mit Rhodaniden (V) führt zu den Isothiocyanaten (VI).
Aromatic Amide Polymers that Form Two Helical Conformations with Twist Sense Bias in Water
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Zekun , Zhang Liang , Wang Hui , Zhang Danwei , Hou Junli , Li Zhanting 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo benzene/2,2′‐bipyridine‐alternately incorporated amide polymers have been prepared, which are driven by hydrophobicity to form two different helical conformations. Both helices exhibit twist sense bias in water induced by chiral valine side chains and the coordination of the 2,2′‐bipyridine unit to the Ni2+ ions.
Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Xerogel: Low‐Cost Cathodes for Hydrogen Production by Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Šljukić Biljana , Santos Diogo M. F. , Vujković Milica , Amaral Luís , Rocha Raquel P. , Sequeira César A. C. , Figueiredo José L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLow‐cost molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and on carbon xerogel (CXG) were prepared and their activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was evaluated in 8 m KOH aqueous electrolyte at 25–85 °C. Measurements of the HER by linear scan voltammetry allowed us to determine Tafel slopes of 71 and 74 mV dec−1 at 25 °C for Mo2C/CNT and Mo2C/CXG, respectively. Stability tests were also performed, which showed the steady performance of the two electrocatalysts. Moreover, the HER kinetics at Mo2C/CNT was enhanced significantly after the long‐term stability tests. The specific activity of both materials was high, and a higher stability was obtained for the activated Mo2C/CNT (40 A g−1 at −0.40 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode).
Role of Oxygen Defects on the Photocatalytic Properties of Mg‐Doped Mesoporous Ta3N5
Authors: Xie Yinghao , Wang Yawei , Chen Zuofeng , Xu Xiaoxiang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTantalum nitride (Ta3N5) highlights an intriguing paradigm for converting solar energy into chemical fuels. However, its photocatalytic properties are strongly governed by various intrinsic/extrinsic defects. In this work, we successfully prepared a series of Mg‐doped mesoporous Ta3N5 using a simple method. The photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties were investigated from the viewpoint of how defects such as accumulation of oxygen and nitrogen vacancies contribute to the catalytic activity. Our findings suggest that Mg doping is accompanied by an accumulation of oxygen species and a simultaneous elimination of nitrogen vacancies in Ta3N5. These oxygen species in Ta3N5 induce delocalized shallow donor states near the conduction band minimum and are responsible for high electron mobility. The superior photocatalytic activity of Mg‐doped Ta3N5 can then be understood by the improved electron–hole separation as well as the lack of nitrogen vacancies, which often serve as charge‐recombination centers.
Revealing the Origin of Activity in Nitrogen‐Doped Nanocarbons towards Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Xu Junyuan , Kan Yuhe , Huang Rui , Zhang Bingsen , Wang Bolun , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Lin Yangming , Sun Xiaoyan , Li Qingfeng , Centi Gabriele , Su Dangsheng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are functionalized with nitrogen atoms for reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). The investigation explores the origin of the catalyst′s activity and the role of nitrogen chemical states therein. The catalysts show excellent performances, with about 90 % current efficiency for CO formation and stability over 60 hours. The Tafel analyses and density functional theory calculations suggest that the reduction of CO2 proceeds through an initial rate‐determining transfer of one electron to CO2, which leads to the formation of carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2.−). The initial reduction barrier is too high on pristine CNTs, resulting in a very high overpotentials at which the hydrogen evolution reaction dominates over CO2 reduction. The doped nitrogen atoms stabilize the radical anion, thereby lowering the initial reduction barrier and improving the intrinsic activity. The most efficient nitrogen chemical state for this reaction is quaternary nitrogen, followed by pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen.
Expressive Suppression of Emotions and Overeating in Individuals with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Görlach Mirja Gianna , Kohlmann Sebastian , Shedden‐Mora Meike , Rief Winfried , Westermann Stefan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEmotions have a considerable impact on eating behaviour; however, research addressing emotion regulation in obesity is rare. The present study is the first to investigate the association between emotional suppression and overeating in individuals with overweight.In total, 314 participants including 190 individuals with obesity filled in a cross‐sectional online survey, which assessed emotional suppression, eating behaviour and psychopathology. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with overeating.Individuals with obesity reported more frequent overeating compared with individuals without obesity. The habitual use of emotional suppression was associated with more overeating; however, this link was moderated by increased body mass index (BMI).The results suggest that suppression of emotional expression contributes to overeating and is maladaptive especially in individuals with obesity. Further research should longitudinally investigate the predictive value of emotional suppression on overweight, as the training of emotion regulation could contribute to treating obesity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Electrochemical Analysis of a System Based on W and Ni Combined with CeO2 as Potential Sulfur‐tolerant SOFC Anode
Authors: Escudero M. J. , Fuerte A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA formulation of tungsten and nickel combined with CeO2 (WNi‐Ce) was prepared and evaluated as sulfur‐tolerant anode for SOFC at intermediate temperature. Structural and morphological changes that take place in the system upon interactions with hydrogen sulfide were analyzed. The electrochemical performance was tested in a single cell, WNi‐Ce/LDC/LSGM/LSFC, varying H2S concentration (0–500 ppm) at 750 °C using I–V curves, impedance spectroscopy and load demands. The highest cell performance was reached in H2 and decrease with H2S content increase in the fuel from 226 mW cm−2 in pure H2 to 108 mW cm−2 in 500 ppm H2S/H2. Essentially, no decay in the cell performance was observed in the several short‐term load tests studied under several H2S concentration (0–500 ppm) during 1h, and even in 500 ppm H2S/H2 during 70 h, indicating that this material could be a potential sulfur‐tolerant anode.
Investigating the BSA protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion of Al‐alloy surfaces after creating a hierarchical (micro/nano) superhydrophobic structure
Authors: Moazzam Parisa , Razmjou Amir , Golabi Mohsen , Shokri Dariush , Landarani‐Isfahani Amir 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on metals such as aluminum (Al) alloys lead to serious issues in biomedical and industrial fields from both an economical and health perspective. Here, we showed that a careful manipulation of Al surface characteristics via a facile two‐steps superhydrophobic modification can provide not only biocompatibility and an ability to control protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion, but also address the issue of apparent long‐term toxicity of Al‐alloys. To find out the roles of surface characteristics, surface modification and protein adsorption on microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, the surfaces were systematically characterized by SEM, EDX, XPS, AFM, FTIR, water contact angle (WCA) goniometry, surface free energy (SFE) measurement, MTT, Bradford, Lowry and microtiter plate assays and also flow‐cytometry and potentiostat analyses. Results showed that WCA and SFE changed from 70° to 163° and 36.3 to 0.13 mN m−1, respectively. The stable and durable modification led to a substantial reduction in static/dynamic BSA adsorption. The effect of such a treatment on the biofilm formation was analyzed by using three different bacteria ofPseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus epidermidis,andStaphylococcus aureus. The microtiter plate assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that the modification not only could substantially reduce the bacterial adhesion but this biofouling resistance is independent of bacterium type. An excellent cell viability after exposure of HeLa cells to waters incubated with the modified samples was observed. Finally, the corrosion rate reduced sharply from 856.6 to 0.119 MPY after superhydrophobic modifications, which is an excellent stable corrosion inhibition property. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2220–2233, 2016.
Aprotinin extends mechanical integrity time of cell‐seeded fibrin sutures
Authors: Coffin Spencer T. , Gaudette Glenn R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCell therapy has the potential to treat different pathologies, including myocardial infarctions (heart attacks), although cell engraftment remains elusive with most delivery methods. Biological sutures composed of fibrin have been shown to effectively deliver human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) to infarcted hearts. However, human MSCs rapidly degrade fibrin making cell seeding and delivery time sensitive. To delay the degradation process, we propose using Aprotinin, a proteolytic enzyme inhibitor that has been shown to slow fibrinolysis. Human MSCs seeded on fibrin sutures and incubated with Aprotinin demonstrated similar cell viability, examined using a LIVE/DEAD stain, to controls. No differences in proliferation, as determined by Ki‐67 presence, were observed. Human MSCs incubated in Aprotinin differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, confirming multipotency. The number of cells adhered to fibrin sutures increased through Aprotinin supplementation at 2, 3, and 5 day time points. Uniaxial tensile testing was used to examine the effect of Aprotinin on suture integrity. Sutures exposed to Aprotinin had higher ultimate tensile strength and modulus when compared to sutures exposed to standard growth media. Fibrin sutures incubated in Aprotinin had larger diameters and less fibrin degradation products compared to the controls, confirming decreased fibrinolysis. These data suggest that Aprotinin can reduce degradation of fibrin sutures without significant effects on MSC function, providing a novel method for extending the implantation window and increasing the number of cells delivered via fibrin sutures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2271–2279, 2016.
Implications of climate change predictions for UK cropping and prospects for possible mitigation: a review of challenges and potential responses
Authors: Rial‐Lovera Karen , Davies W Paul , Cannon Nicola D 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe UK, like the rest of the world, is confronting the impacts of climate change. Further changes are expected and they will have a profound effect on agriculture. Future crop production will take place against increasing CO2 levels and temperatures, decreasing water availability, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events. This review contributes to research on agricultural practices for climate change, but with a more regional perspective. The present study explores climate change impacts on UK agriculture, particularly food crop production, and how to mitigate and build resilience to climate change by adopting and/or changing soil management practices, including fertilisation and tillage systems, new crop adoption and variety choice. Some mitigation can be adopted in the shorter term, such as changes in crop type and reduction in fertiliser use, but in other cases the options will need greater investment and longer adaptation period. This is the case for new crop variety development and deployment, and possible changes to soil cultivations. Uncertainty of future weather conditions, particularly extreme weather, also affect decision‐making for adoption of practices by farmers to ensure more stable and sustainable production. Even when there is real potential for climate change mitigation, it can sometimes be more difficult to accomplish with certainty on‐farm. Better future climate projections and long‐term investments will be required to create more resilient agricultural systems in the UK in the face of climate change challenges. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil Conservation in Europe: Wish or Reality?
Authors: Panagos Panos , Imeson Anton , Meusburger Katrin , Borrelli Pasquale , Poesen Jean , Alewell Christine 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNearly all of Europe is affected by soil erosion. A major policy response is required to reverse the impacts of erosion in degraded areas, particularly in light of the current climate change and water crisis. Soil loss occurs not because of any lack of knowledge on how to protect soils, but a lack in policy governance. The average rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in Europe is 2·46 Mg ha−1 yr−1. To mitigate the impacts of soil erosion, the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy has introduced conservation measures which reduce soil loss by water erosion by 20% in arable lands. Further economic and political action should rebrand the value of soil as part of ecosystem services, increase the income of rural land owners, involve young farmers and organize regional services for licensing land use changes. In a changing World of 9 billion people with the challenge of climate change, water scarcity and depletion of soil fertility, the agriculture economy should evolve taking into account environmental and ecological aspects. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Land Degradation & Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.