bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Heat Flux Between Two Parallel Metal Plates With Thermic Fluid as a Media
Authors: Bharambe Ganesh , Patil A. M. , Kale Sandip , Sapate Kumar Digambar , Dabeer Prakash 
Published: March 2016

Most of the house hold needs are served by either the electricity or the LPG gas.[1] All fuel supply from fossil fuels seems to be limited and can generate an acute shortage in the coming future. Availability of power will be a vital problem, to be faced by future generations. Harnessing the power from solar rays seems to be the most reliable path towards sustainability of energy. The use of solar energy in the form of photovoltaic has captured a firm base in markets. However thermal energy extraction seems to be a neglected area, which has a huge potential. Hence the present paper deals with the study of extraction of such solar thermal energy using thermic fluids. With this aim, the author has initiated a study to extract the heat from solar concentrated power (CSP) systems. This system will heat the thermic fluid due to thermal energy in solar rays. This hot fluid is then passed through a guided passages formed between two plates and is used for heating top and bottom surfaces of two metallic plates. These hot surfaces then can be used as source of energy for home and industrial purposes. However in the present experimentation work, the scope of work is limited to thermal heat handling through the plate surfaces. Hence the supply of thermal energy from CSP is equivalently replaced by electric heater/ gas burners and is not discussed in details.
Different flow passages are considered for result generation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using FLUENT as tool in ANSYS 14.5 software is used for studying and comparing the results. Mathematical model is generated using preselected option of passage. Further Experimental validation is sorted in the end to verify the above results with temperature of upto 150°C. Selection of heat transfer fluid is based on sustainable higher operating temeperature. Pressure drop across the oil passage has indicated the inherent energy losses of the system. With the use of flow control valve and hydraulic pump the flow through the passage is regulated. Thus the energy flow can be controlled with respect to the requirement of process being carried out at each of the top and bottom surface respectively.
Biomechanics Aspects for Silastic Implant Arthroplasty Simulation of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Authors: Martínez Bocanegra Marco A. , Bayod Lopez Javier , Vidal-Lesso A. , Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo Ricardo , Lesso Arroyo Raúl , Hernández Humberto Corro 
Published: March 2016

This work focuses on the biomechanical simulation of surgery for total replacement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) allowed us to identify and analyze several key aspects for finite element simulation of hallux rigidus pathology. Predicting the optimal response of a finite element model (FEM) depends on proper characterization. At this part of the work, those conditions that have a direct or indirect influence on the model that can change its behavior should be considered.
For this purpose, we presented in this work a finite element model which include 26 bones: 14 phalanges, 5 metatarsals, 3 cuneiform bones, 1 cuboid, 1 navicular, 1 talus and 1 calcaneus, all of them include articular cartilage. In addition, the model also considers: thin ligaments, long ligaments, muscles and a joint implant.
Loads and boundary conditions included: a pretension in the flexor caused by position analysis, a distributed load in the talus in its normal and tangential component, a restriction of movement of some points in the phalanges and calcaneus and the contact conditions between flexor and extensor created from surfaces in the bone volumes.
Moreover, the selection of support and constrains regions in the phalanges and calcaneus area must be carefully selected to reproduce the conditions of real support and interaction with adjacent tissues not simulated. These conditions have influence in the structural biomechanical response of each tissue and in contact regions, leading to unexpected behavior if they are wrong selected. In addition, results showed that care must be taken in the mechanical characterization of each tissue, selecting the mechanical properties, pretension, geometry and critical position according to in vitro results or MRIs.
Biomechanical aspects reported in this work allow to take into account fundamental details to improve future simulations of this pathology as well as to improve the correlation with experimental results. These biomechanical aspects provide knowledge for finite element simulation of the arthroplasty for the first metatarsophalangeal joint, this allow us to generate a virtual model for arthroplasty of the hallux rigidus to predict, prevent and improve surgical techniques for implantation of prostheses in the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
Comparative Operation of Small Vuilleumier Cryocoolers Under Isothermal and Adiabatic Conditions
Authors: Rogdakis E. , Dogkas G. 
Published: March 2016

Vuilleumier refrigerators capable of reaching cryogenic temperatures have been developed over the past years. A thermodynamic analysis can provide useful results concerning the energy quantities involved in this type of cryocoolers.
Comparison of an isothermal and an adiabatic model yields the differences of the performance under each condition. Adiabatic cooling capacity is higher than the isothermal, but the COP decreases. Additionally, the temperatures of the heat exchangers that reject heat and produce the cooling effect, affect the capacity and the performance of the cryocooler in opposite way. Furthermore, the cooling capacity is dependent on the pressure inside the machine and its speed, but the performance is not affected by these variables.
Similarity Scaling of Vuilleumier Heat Pumps
Authors: Rogdakis E. , Dogkas G. 
Published: March 2016

Previous works on scaling methods for Stirling and regenerative machines, have yielded interesting results about the prediction of the performance of the machine. Information from existing Vuilleumier heat pump is utilized for a scaling correlation. Geometric and dynamic variables are selected for scaling investigation in terms of thermodynamic characteristics such as heat power input or heat power gain. This is accomplished with the aid of a specially developed computer program.
In addition, energy dissipation due to pressure drop, losses across the heat exchangers walls and thermally ineffective regenerators are introduced and the performance of the Vuilleumier heat pump is reevaluated. A combination of scaling factors with two or more dynamic variables is derived for a deeper examination of scaling influences.
Structural Reliability of Novel 3-D Integrated Thermal Packaging for Power Electronics
Authors: Khanna S. , McCluskey P. , Manno M. , Bar-Cohen A. , Yang B. , Ohadi M. 
Published: March 2016

The continual increase of device power and package integration levels has driven the development of advanced power electronics packaging solutions. This study will focus on a numerical modeling approach to design analysis and material selection to improve solder joint reliability in one of these advanced solutions — a thermally integrated power electronics package that aims to dissipate hot-spot heat flux (5 kW/cm2) via mini-contact based thermo-electric (TE) cooling in addition to removing background heat flux (1 kW/cm2) by manifold-microchannel cooling. The methodology used for performing the structural reliability modeling is a non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) approach. Combined thermal and mechanical analyses were run to obtain stresses and strains in the solder joint used to integrate the TE cooler with the mini-contact and the mini-contact with the Silicon Carbide (SiC) chip. To predict the Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) of SAC305 at various levels of integration, a Physics of Failure (PoF) based methodology was applied using Engelmaier’s failure model.
In this paper, we will discuss the results of analyses of tapered, t-shaped, and lofted shaped mini-contacts made out of SiC, copper and diamond. Both structural design and material selection affect hot-spot heat dissipation and solder joint reliability. SiC has a good thermal conductivity at room temperature (RT), however, with increase in temperature, its thermal conductivity drops, and this can adversely affect device performance in high temperature applications. On the other hand, one can take advantage of high conductivity materials like copper, diamond or silver-diamond composite to keep the device cool and thus, improve package life time. However, for such high conductivity materials, one will need to take into account the cost of manufacturing complex shapes without any compromise in package thermal or reliability performance.
It was found that a ductile mini-contact material will share the thermal mismatch strain with the solder interconnection, while a brittle mini-contact material will shift the failure site inside the TE cooler. It was determined that a mini-contact structure tapered near its top base and lofted (constant cross-sectional area) near the chip (bottom base) would provide the best reliability results. Application of high conductivity composite material (silver-diamond composite) to enhance structural reliability is discussed.
Color Emotion Under LED Light System Controlling Color Rendering Property
Authors: Watanuki Keiichi , Shinoda Hiroshi , Muramatsu Keiichi 
Published: March 2016

Emotional responses to color stimuli are referred to as color emotions, and relationships between color attributes and them have been discussed in past studies. In the current study, we reveal relationships between color rendering properties and color emotions to provide a light system controlling color emotions along with color rendering property. We developed such a system and conducted two evaluations of the system performance and color emotions under the light generated by the system. The system we developed in the current study has four color (red, green, blue, and yellow) LEDs to enrich color rendering property.
In addition, we conducted a subjective assessment to explore relationships between color emotions and color rendering properties. In the assessment, we studied color emotions against facial skin irradiated by various illuminants with different color rendering properties. We prepared sixteen different light conditions and the participants of the study were asked to respond to the stimuli with fifteen Likert scales. As a result, we confirmed that the color rendering property certainly affects color emotions, and we obtained regression models to represent color emotions by color rendering properties. Furthermore, we found that male and female test subjects experience different color emotions based on skin color.
Adenoviral Expression of a Bispecific VHH-Based Neutralizing Agent That Targets Protective Antigen Provides Prophylactic Protection from Anthrax in Mice
Authors: Moayeri Mahtab , Tremblay Jacqueline M. , Debatis Michelle , Dmitriev Igor P. , Kashentseva Elena A. , Yeh Anthony J. , Cheung Gordon Y. C. , Curiel David T. , Leppla Stephen , Shoemaker Charles B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacillus anthracis
, the causative agent of anthrax, secretes three polypeptides, which form the bipartite lethal and edema toxins (LT and ET, respectively). The common component in these toxins, protective antigen (PA), is responsible for binding to cellular receptors and translocating the lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) enzymatic moieties to the cytosol. Antibodies against PA protect against anthrax. We previously isolated toxin-neutralizing variable domains of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (VHHs) and demonstrated their
in vivo
efficacy. In this work, gene therapy with an adenoviral (Ad) vector (Ad/VNA2-PA) (VNA, VHH-based neutralizing agents) promoting the expression of a bispecific VHH-based neutralizing agent (VNA2-PA), consisting of two linked VHHs targeting different PA-neutralizing epitopes, was tested in two inbred mouse strains, BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J, and found to protect mice against anthrax toxin challenge and anthrax spore infection. Two weeks after a single treatment with Ad/VNA2-PA, serum VNA2-PA levels remained above 1 μg/ml, with some as high as 10 mg/ml. The levels were 10- to 100-fold higher and persisted longer in C57BL/6J than in BALB/cJ mice. Mice were challenged with a lethal dose of LT or spores at various times after Ad/VNA2-PA administration. The majority of BALB/cJ mice having serum VNA2-PA levels of >0.1 μg/ml survived LT challenge, and 9 of 10 C57BL/6J mice with serum levels of >1 μg/ml survived spore challenge. Our findings demonstrate the potential for genetic delivery of VNAs as an effective method for providing prophylactic protection from anthrax. We also extend prior findings of mouse strain-based differences in transgene expression and persistence by adenoviral vectors.
QCD breaks Lorentz invariance and colour
Authors: Balachandran A. P. 
Published: March 2016

In the previous work [A. P. Balachandran and S. Vaidya, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 128, 118 (2013)], we have argued that the algebra of non-Abelian superselection rules is spontaneously broken to its maximal Abelian subalgebra, that is, the algebra generated by its completing commuting set (the two Casimirs, isospin and a basis of its Cartan subalgebra). In this paper, alternative arguments confirming these results are presented. In addition, Lorentz invariance is shown to be broken in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), just as it is in quantum electrodynamics (QED). The experimental consequences of these results include fuzzy mass and spin shells of coloured particles like quarks, and decay life times which depend on the frame of observation [D. Buchholz, Phys. Lett. B 174, 331 (1986); D. Buchholz and K. Fredenhagen, Commun. Math. Phys. 84, 1 (1982; J. Fröhlich, G. Morchio and F. Strocchi, Phys. Lett. B 89, 61 (1979); A. P. Balachandran, S. Kürkçüoğlu, A. R. de Queiroz and S. Vaidya, Eur. Phys. J. C 75, 89 (2015); A. P. Balachandran, S. Kürkçüoğlu and A. R. de Queiroz, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 28, 1350028 (2013)]. In a paper under preparation, these results are extended to the ADM Poincaré group and the local Lorentz group of frames. The renormalisation of the ADM energy by infrared gravitons is also studied and estimated.
New results at LHC confirming the vacuum stability and Multiple Point Principle
Authors: Laperashvili L. V. , Nielsen H. B. , Das C. R. 
Published: March 2016

In the present paper we argue that the correction to the Higgs mass coming from the bound state of 6 top and 6 antitop quarks, predicted early by Froggatt and ourselves, leads to the Standard Model vacuum stability and confirms the accuracy of the multiple point principle (principle of degenerate vacua) for all experimentally valued parameters (Higgs mass, top-quark mass, etc.). Fitting to get the vacuum degeneracy requires a mass of the bound state, just in the region of the new two photon state in Large Hadron Collider, 750–760 GeV.
Consensus properties and their large-scale applications for the gene duplication problem
Authors: Moon Jucheol , Lin Harris T. , Eulenstein Oliver 
Published: March 2016

Solving the gene duplication problem is a classical approach for species tree inference from gene trees that are confounded by gene duplications. This problem takes a collection of gene trees and seeks a species tree that implies the minimum number of gene duplications. Wilkinson et al. posed the conjecture that the gene duplication problem satisfies the desirable Pareto property for clusters. That is, for every instance of the problem, all clusters that are commonly present in the input gene trees of this instance, called strict consensus, will also be found in every solution to this instance. We prove that this conjecture does not generally hold. Despite this negative result we show that the gene duplication problem satisfies a weaker version of the Pareto property where the strict consensus is found in at least one solution (rather than all solutions). This weaker property contributes to our design of an efficient scalable algorithm for the gene duplication problem. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm in analyzing large-scale empirical datasets. Finally, we utilize the algorithm to evaluate the accuracy of standard heuristics for the gene duplication problem using simulated datasets.
Development of Simple and Effective Dual-Readout Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots for Cartap Analysis
Authors: Wu Huixiang , Hou Changjun , Fa Huanbao , Dong Liang , Ma Yi , Yang Mei , Shen Caihong , Zhou Jun , Huo Danqun 
Published: March 2016

Cartap is among the most popular pesticides that are widely used to boost food production, however, its residues pose a great threat to human health and the environment. We presented simple and effective colorimetric sensor based on aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with appropriate diameter and fluorescent sensor via inner filter effect (IFE) of AuNPs on cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs), respectively. Firstly, effect of diameter of AuNPs was investigated and the results indicated that AuNPs with diameter of 13[Formula: see text]nm (AuNPs[Formula: see text] showed better sensitivity toward cartap. Thus, AuNPs[Formula: see text] was chosen for colorimetric and fluorescent cartap assay. On one hand, mercaptoacetic acid (MA) was functionalized on AuNPs[Formula: see text] for the improvement of anti-disturbance ability for discrimination study. A decent linear relationship for cartap was obtained in the range from 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M to 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with detection limit of 1.32[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M for colorimetric readout; on the other hand, fluorescent sensor based on AuNPs[Formula: see text] displayed excellent linear relationship with cartap concentration varying from 20[Formula: see text]nM to 100[Formula: see text]nM with low detection limit of 4.02[Formula: see text]nM. And the above-mentioned sensor showed acceptable anti-disturbance ability for cartap discrimination. These results demonstrated that the sensor as-developed would be a great potential candidate for cartap detection in real application.
Tradição Oral do Império de Gaza, Identidade Nyanga e Contestação ao colonialismo no sul de Moçambique (C. 1895-1956)
Authors: Santana Jacimara Souza 
Published: March 2016

Até os dias atuais, na província de Gaza, Tinyanga (médicos-sacerdotes) e demais pessoas recorrem com frequência à tradição oral do seu antigo Império, rememorando, sobretudo, a atitude de seu último governo contra a colonização portuguesa, o rei Ngungunyane. No século XIX, os Tinyanga exerciam considerável influência no poder político e militar do Estado de Gaza e mantinham certa autoridade e influência na vida pública e pessoal dos povos africanos, lugar social que lhes foi negado com o advento da colonização portuguesa. Após a conquista, este grupo social foisubmetido a um processo galopante de desprestígio e marginalização social. Esta comunicação pretende mostrar como Tinyanga, ao sul de Moçambique, reagiram. Supomos que membros daquele coletivo serviram-se da tradição oral para reafirmar a legitimidade de seu papel na sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, contestar a ordem colonizadora. Meu interesse é destacar a relevância do costume e suas reinvenções nos processos de contestação social movidos por coletivos subalternizados, inclusive, no campo ritual que aqui é visto como espaços políticos e de transformação social ao invés de meios de controle social e acomodação de conflitos. Tal análise segue caminhos teóricos já apontados por outros pesquisadores como Boubacar Barry, Terence Ranger, Paul Thompson e Van R. Dijk.
BIOBANCOS: CASOS DE ESTUDIO Y LECCIONES PARA COLOMBIA
Authors: Karaman Paola Andrea Paz 
Published: March 2016

En este artículo se describen a partir de dos casos, el biobanco de Islandia y el de Estonia, los elementos característicos de cada biobanco y las condiciones necesarias para su creación. Igualmente se analizan el interés político, médico y económico vinculado a los biobancos en el marco de los derechos individuales y el Estado. Posteriormente se analiza la iniciativa de Proyecto de Ley que pretendía crear el primer banco de ADN financiado por el Estado colombiano, sus carencias y repercusiones en la sociedad colombiana.
CONTROLE DO TABACO: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE PATERNALISMO E LIBERDADE
Authors: Carvalho Laura Bastos 
Published: March 2016

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar se as medidas adotadas no Brasil para o controle do tabaco são paternalistas e se elas de alguma forma restringem liberdades individuais. Primeiramente, serão analisadas as correntes teóricas a respeito do paternalismo e sua relação com a liberdade, com especial atenção à corrente do Paternalismo Libertário. Em seguida, analisar-se-ão as medidas adotadas no controle do tabaco em outros países e no Brasil. Por fim, analisar-se-á cada uma das medidas adotadas, buscando-se definir se elas restringem a liberdade e se há medidas alternativas menos restritivas. Chega-se, assim, à conclusão de que as medidas adotadas no Brasil, embora sejam majoritariamente paternalistas, não retiram necessariamente a liberdade dos indivíduos.
COMÉRCIO DE PRODUTOS BIOTECNOLÓGICOS NO BRASIL: UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERPRETAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL COM BASE NA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA E NO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À SAÚDE
Authors: Albuquerque Victor V. Carneiro de 
Published: March 2016

A indústria farmacêutica investe no desenvolvimento de produtos baseados em substâncias humanas, sobretudo os obtidos por meio de manipulação celular e genética. Nada obstante, o marco legal brasileiro ainda se funda no paradigma de drogas sintéticas e, portanto, é pouco adaptado para regular novos produtos biotecnológicos em desenvolvimento. O presente artigo examina um dispositivo constitucional que traz norma sobre o comércio de substâncias humanas, com o objetivo de promover interpretação que melhor atenda ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e promova o direito fundamental à saúde.
Leveson’s narrow pursuit of justice
Authors: Marsh Luke 
Published: March 2016

Sir Brian Leveson’s Review of Efficiency in Criminal Proceedings (2015) represents the latest judicial effort in England and Wales supporting executive attempts, under the guise of ‘efficiency’ measures, to scale back protections traditionally afforded to criminal defendants and has dramatic implications for the maintenance of accurate case outcomes. This includes the integrity of the prosecution process, in particular the reliability of CPS decision-making; the quality and completeness of the disclosure regime; the culture of the CPS; and its management and oversight. This article will argue that the Review adopts a narrow approach to ‘efficiency’ which takes no account of the interest in the accuracy of verdicts, as set out in Rule 1.1.(2)(a) of the Criminal Procedure Rules, and will have no bearing upon the ‘real inefficiencies’ of the process. What appears to be the core of the Review is in fact floss surrounding its competing ambition: shifting cases to magistrates, intensifying pressure to plead guilty, marginalizing the defence, and diminishing jury trial.