bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical mall founders' satisfaction and integrated management requirements
Authors: Ito Atsushi 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMedical malls help provide integrated medical services and the effective and efficient independent management of multiple clinics, pharmacies and other medical facilities. Primary care in an aging society is a key issue worldwide and the establishment of a new model for primary care in Japanese medical malls is needed. Understanding the requirements of integrated management that contribute to the improvement of medical mall founders' satisfaction levels will help provide better services. We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting 1840 medical facilities nationwide; 351 facilities responded (19.1%). We performed comparative analyses on founders' satisfaction levels according to years in business, department/area, founder's relationship, decision‐making system and presence/absence of liaison role. A total of 70% of medical malls in Japan have adjacent relationships with no liaison role in most cases; however, 60% of founders are satisfied. Integrated management requirements involve establishing the mall with peers from the same medical office unit or hospital, and establishing a system in which all founders can participate in decision‐making (council system) or one where each general practitioner (GP) independently runs a clinic without communicating with others. The council system can ensure the capability of general practitioners to treat many primary care patients in the future. © 2016 The Authors. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
III‐nitride quantum dots for ultra‐efficient solid‐state lighting
Authors: Wierer Jonathan J. , Tansu Nelson , Fischer Arthur J. , Tsao Jeffrey Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIII‐nitride light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are ultimately limited in performance due to parasitic Auger recombination. For LEDs, the consequences are poor efficiencies at high current densities; for LDs, the consequences are high thresholds and limited efficiencies. Here, we present arguments for III‐nitride quantum dots (QDs) as active regions for both LEDs and LDs, to circumvent Auger recombination and achieve efficiencies at higher current densities that are not possible with quantum wells. QD‐based LDs achieve gain and thresholds at lower carrier densities before Auger recombination becomes appreciable. QD‐based LEDs achieve higher efficiencies at higher currents because of higher spontaneous emission rates and reduced Auger recombination. The technical challenge is to control the size distribution and volume of the QDs to realize these benefits. If constructed properly, III‐nitride light‐emitting devices with QD active regions have the potential to outperform quantum well light‐emitting devices, and enable an era of ultra‐efficient solid‐state lighting.
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Influence of maternal hypercholesterolemia and phytosterol intervention during gestation and lactation on dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid metabolism in offspring of Syrian golden hamsters
Authors: Liu Jie , Iqbal Aadil , Raslawsky Amy , Browne Richard W. , Patel Mulchand S. , Rideout Todd C. 
Published: May 2016

ScopeAlthough there is a normal physiological rise in maternal lipids during pregnancy, excessive maternal hyperlipidemia during pregnancy increases cardiovascular disease risk for both the mother and offspring. There are limited safe lipid‐lowering treatment options for use during pregnancy, therefore, we evaluated the influence of maternal phytosterol (PS) supplementation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in mothers and progeny.Methods and resultsFemale Syrian golden hamsters were randomly assigned to three diets throughout prepregnancy, gestation, and lactation (n = 6/group): (i) Chow (Chow), (ii) chow with 0.5% cholesterol (CH), and (iii) chow with 0.5% CH and 2% PS (CH/PS). Compared with newly weaned pups from Chow dams, pups from dams fed the CH‐enriched diet demonstrated increases (p < 0.05) in total‐C, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, and total LDL and VLDL particle number. Pups from CH‐fed mothers also exhibited higher hepatic CH concentration and differential mRNA expression pattern of CH regulatory genes. Pups from PS‐supplemented dams demonstrated reductions (p < 0.05) in serum total‐C, non‐HDL‐C, and LDL‐C but also increased triglycerides compared with pups from CH‐fed dams. Maternal PS supplementation reduced (p < 0.05) hepatic CH and increased the abundance of HMG‐CoAr and LDLr protein in newly weaned pups compared with the CH group.ConclusionResults suggest that maternal PS supplementation is largely effective in normalizing CH in pups born to mothers with hypercholesterolemia, however, the cause and long‐term influence of increased triglyceride is not known.
Synthesis and characterization of a new phenanthrenequinoxaline‐based polymer for organic solar cells
Authors: Jo Eunsol , Park Jong Baek , Lee Woo‐Hyung , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Jung In Hwan , Hwang Do‐Hoon , Kang In‐Nam 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTTwo donor–acceptor (D‐A) conjugated polymers, PQx and PphQx, composed of alkylthienyl‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene (BDTT) as the electron donor and the new electron acceptors quinoxaline (Qx) or phenanthrenequinoxaline (phQx), were synthesized with Stille cross‐coupling reactions. The number‐averaged molecular weights (Mn) of PQx and PphQx were found to be 25.1 and 23.2 kDa, respectively, with a dispersity of 2.6. The band‐gap energies of PQx and PphQx are 1.82 and 1.75 eV, respectively. These results indicate that, because phQx units have highly planar structures, their inclusion in D‐A polymers will be a very effective method for increasing the polymers' effective conjugation lengths. The hole mobilities of PQx and PphQx were determined to be 5.0 × 10−5 and 2.2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. A polymer solar cell device prepared with PphQx as the active layer was found to exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.03%; thus, the introduction of phQx units enhanced both the short circuit current density and PCE of the device. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2804–2810
Silicon heterojunction solar cell passivation in combination with nanocrystalline silicon oxide emitters
Authors: Gatz Henriette A. , Rath Jatin K. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Kessels Wilhelmus M. M. , Schropp Ruud E. I. 
Published: May 2016

Silicon heterojunction solar cells (SHJ) are well known for their high efficiencies, enabled by their remarkably high open‐circuit voltages (VOC). A key factor in achieving these values is a good passivation of the crystalline wafer interface. One of the restrictions during SHJ solar cell production is the limitation to comparably low post processing temperatures due to the deteriorating effect of high temperatures on the passivation properties of passivating intrinsic amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H(i)) layers combined with conventional boron‐doped amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H(p)) emitter layers.We present a boron‐doped nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc‐SiOx:H(p)) material that exhibits superior annealing behaviour. Passivation stacks consisting of a‐Si:H(i) and nc‐SiOx:H(p) emitter layers show an increase in minority carrier lifetime with post deposition annealing temperatures ≤293 °C. To our knowledge, there have been no earlier reports showing that annealing of complete passivation stacks including p‐type silicon‐based layer at such high temperatures is beneficial.
The Predictors study: Development and baseline characteristics of the Predictors 3 cohort
Authors: Stern Yaakov , Gu Yian , Cosentino Stephanie , Azar Martina , Lawless Siobhan , Tatarina Oksana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe Predictors study was designed to predict the length of time to major disease outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we describe the development of a new, Predictors 3, cohort.MethodsPatients with prevalent or incident AD and individuals at‐risk for developing AD were selected from the North Manhattan community and followed annually with instruments comparable to those used in the original two Predictors cohorts.ResultsThe original Predictors cohorts were clinic based and racially/ethnically homogenous (94% white, 6% black; 3% Hispanic). In contrast, the 274 elders in this cohort are community‐based and ethnically diverse (39% white, 40% black, 21% other; 78% Hispanic). Confirming previous observations, psychotic features were associated with poorer function and mental status and extrapyramidal signs with poorer function.DiscussionThis new cohort will allow us to test observations made in our original clinic‐based cohorts in patients that may be more representative of the general community.
A measure of scale-dependent asymmetry in turbulent boundary layer flows: scaling and Reynolds number similarity
Authors: Singh Arvind , Howard Kevin B. , Guala Michele 
Published: May 2016

The distribution of temporal scale-dependent streamwise velocity increments is investigated in turbulent boundary layer flows at laboratory and atmospheric Reynolds numbers, using the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory wind tunnel and the Surface Layer Turbulence and Environmental Science Test dataset, respectively. The third-order moments of velocity increments, or asymmetry index $A(a,z)$, is computed for varying wall distance $z$ and time scale separation $a$, where it was observed to leave a robust, distinct signature in the form of a hump, independent of Reynolds number and located across the inertial range. The hump is observed in wall region limited to $z^{+}<5\times 10^{3}$, with a tendency to shift towards smaller time scales as the surface is approached ($z^{+}<70$). Comparing the two datasets, the hump, and its location, are found to obey inner wall scaling and is regarded as a genuine feature of the canonical turbulent boundary layer. The magnitude cumulant analysis of the scale-dependent velocity increments further reveals that intermittency is also enhanced near the wall, in the same flow region where the asymmetry signature was observed. The combination of asymmetry and intermittency is inferred to point at non-local energy transfer and scale coupling across a range of scales. From a turbulent structure perspective, such non-local energy transfer can be seen as the result of strong scale-interaction processes between outer scale motions in the logarithmic layer impacting and distorting smaller scales at the wall, through abrupt energy transfer across scales bypassing the typical energy cascade of the inertial range.
Entrainment of short-wavelength free-stream vortical disturbances in compressible and incompressible boundary layers
Authors: Wu Xuesong , Dong Ming 
Published: May 2016

The fundamental difference between continuous modes of the Orr–Sommerfeld/Squire equations and the entrainment of free-stream vortical disturbances (FSVD) into the boundary layer has been investigated in a recent paper (Dong & Wu, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 732, 2013, pp. 616–659). It was shown there that the non-parallel-flow effect plays a leading-order role in the entrainment, and neglecting it at the outset, as is done in the continuous-mode formulation, leads to non-physical features of ‘Fourier entanglement’ and abnormal anisotropy. The analysis, which was for incompressible boundary layers and for FSVD with a characteristic wavelength of the order of the local boundary-layer thickness, is extended in this paper to compressible boundary layers and FSVD with even shorter wavelengths, which are comparable with the width of the so-called edge layer. Non-parallelism remains a leading-order effect in the present scaling, which turns out to be more general in that the equations and solutions in the previous paper are recovered in the appropriate limit. Appropriate asymptotic solutions in the main and edge layers are obtained to characterize the entrainment. It is found that when the Prandtl number $\mathit{Pr}<1$, free-stream vortical disturbances of relatively low frequency generate very strong temperature fluctuations within the edge layer, leading to formation of thermal streaks. A composite solution, uniformly valid across the entire boundary layer, is constructed, and it can be used in receptivity studies and as inlet conditions for direct numerical simulations of bypass transition. For compressible boundary layers, continuous spectra of the disturbance equations linearized about a parallel base flow exhibit entanglement between vortical and entropy modes, namely, a vortical mode necessarily induces an entropy disturbance in the free stream and vice versa, and this amounts to a further non-physical behaviour. High Reynolds number asymptotic analysis yields the relations between the amplitudes of entangled modes.
Ground beetle assemblages across a habitat gradient in a stream watershed during 16 years of observation
Authors: Skłodowski J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMost studies on riverine ground beetle assemblages last 1–2 years, and studies on carabids from lowland stream ecosystems are rare. In 1999, a 16-year study was launched to gain insight into the structure and diversity of carabid assemblages in a cross-section of four habitats located beside a 5 m wide stream: Meadow (wet meadow), Clumps (meadow scattered with birch and willow clumps farther from the river), Birch (birch stand), and Pine (pine stand located the farthest from the stream). The total number of 14, 216 individuals representing 118 carabid species were collected. Eleven functional carabid groups have been analysed. Principal response curve analysis showed significant differences existing during the whole study period among carabid assemblages from the four habitats. Generalised Linear Mixed Models analysis revealed a dependence of Chao2 estimator performance on temperature and ground water level, whereas life traits of carabids depended solely on the latter factor, affecting species composition (i.e., proportions of autumn and spring breeders, large and small zoophages, hemizoophages, forest, generalists and open area species, wingless species, hygrophilous, mesophilous and xerophilous species). The lower the ground water level, the higher was the proportion of late-successional species. Both Chao2 value and the proportion of late-successional species were growing with the increasing distance from the stream, peaking in the Pine habitat. Early-successional fauna dominated in streamside assemblages. IndVal analysis identified 1–9 characteristic species for each habitat type, mostly non-recurrent during the study period. Thus, species composition of riverine carabid assemblages should be studied for longer periods than 1–2 years to avoid accidental observations.
Assessing conservation tools for an at-risk shorebird: Feasibility of headstarting for American OystercatchersHaematopus palliatus
Authors: COLLINS SAMANTHA A. , SANDERS FELICIA J. , JODICE PATRICK G. R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryManagement of threatened and endangered populations of wildlife increasingly relies upon active intervention such as predator control, habitat manipulation, andex situbreeding or care. One tool that has received consideration for the management of declining or threatened avian populations is headstarting, or the artificial incubation of eggs and subsequent placement of newly hatched chicks in original or foster nests. We assessed the feasibility of implementing a headstarting program for the American OystercatcherHaematopus palliatus, a species of high conservation concern in the eastern USA. Annual productivity is often low and lost during incubation, suggesting artificial incubation could enhance annual productivity. We used a control-impact approach to assign nests as either control or headstart and measured daily survival rate, success of parents accepting headstarted chicks, attendance patterns and behaviours of parents, and chick survival. We also implemented a transparent scoring process to rate the success of each step and the overall program. Daily survival rates of nests were significantly higher at headstart compared to control nests, and parents continued to incubate when eggs were well secured at nest sites. Attendance patterns and behaviour did not differ between headstart and control parents, and parents readily accepted healthy chicks whether they were returned to original or foster nests. Chick survival and subsequently annual productivity were, however, not higher at headstart compared to control nests suggesting that although we were able to enhance nest survival, low chick survival was still limiting annual productivity. Ultimately, headstarting may be most appropriate for American Oystercatchers where productivity is lost primarily to flooding, predation, or disturbance during the incubation stage but not during the chick-rearing stage. If, for example, high rates of nest loss are due to predators that also may prey upon chicks, then headstarting may not be an effective conservation tool.
Relative rate and location of intra-host HIV evolution to evade cellular immunity are predictable
Authors: Barton John P. , Goonetilleke Nilu , Butler Thomas C. , Walker Bruce D. , McMichael Andrew J. , Chakraborty Arup K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evolves within infected persons to escape being destroyed by the host immune system, thereby preventing effective immune control of infection. Here, we combine methods from evolutionary dynamics and statistical physics to simulate in vivo HIV sequence evolution, predicting the relative rate of escape and the location of escape mutations in response to T-cell-mediated immune pressure in a cohort of 17 persons with acute HIV infection. Predicted and clinically observed times to escape immune responses agree well, and we show that the mutational pathways to escape depend on the viral sequence background due to epistatic interactions. The ability to predict escape pathways and the duration over which control is maintained by specific immune responses open the door to rational design of immunotherapeutic strategies that might enable long-term control of HIV infection. Our approach enables intra-host evolution of a human pathogen to be predicted in a probabilistic framework.
Reduced expression of APC-1B but not APC-1A by the deletion of promoter 1B is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Nagayama Satoshi , Shimizu Eigo , Komura Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Rui , Shibuya Tetsuo , Arai Masami , Hatakeyama Seira , Ikenoue Tsuneo , Ueno Masashi , Miyano Satoru , Imoto Seiya , Furukawa Yoichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGermline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Here we applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to the DNA of a sporadic FAP patient in which we did not find any pathological APC mutations by direct sequencing. WGS identified a promoter deletion of approximately 10 kb encompassing promoter 1B and exon1B of APC. Additional allele-specific expression analysis by deep cDNA sequencing revealed that the deletion reduced the expression of the mutated APC allele to as low as 11.2% in the total APC transcripts, suggesting that the residual mutant transcripts were driven by other promoter(s). Furthermore, cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) demonstrated that the deleted promoter 1B region is responsible for the great majority of APC transcription in many tissues except the brain. The deletion decreased the transcripts of APC-1B to 39–45% in the patient compared to the healthy controls, but it did not decrease those of APC-1A. Different deletions including promoter 1B have been reported in FAP patients. Taken together, our results strengthen the evidence that analysis of structural variations in promoter 1B should be considered for the FAP patients whose pathological mutations are not identified by conventional direct sequencing.
Spontaneous Migration of Polyethylene Molecule Sheathed inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube for Nano-Heat Pipe
Authors: Liao Quanwen , Liu Zhichun , Yang Nuo , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDevelopment of nanoscale thermal exchanging devices is critical to thermal management in nanoscale. The spontaneous migration of polyethylene molecule sheathed inside single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) are observed. And the multi-factor analysis of spontaneous migration about temperature, mass and potential barrier shows new features about motion mechanisms and enriches the existing mass transport theory greatly. Here, based on this finding, we report a nano-heat pipe (NHP) composing of a SWCNT and a polyethylene molecule. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the heat exchanging coefficient can reach 450 WK−1 cm−2 at 500 K by NHP arrays with a quantity density of 7 × 1013 cm−2. This study will benefit the designs of NHP and other nanoscale mass transport devices.
Exploring the pastiche hegemony of men
Authors: Matthews Christopher R 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article I explore the continued hegemony of certain men. I use interview extracts to help think through the notion of pastiche hegemony as a means of understanding how men, and narratives about them, have changed, but unequal power relations persist. In particular, I explore this process within men’s understandings of how they were able to gain and maintain influence and power at work. Through their reflexive reading of the changing shape of late modern Western society, these men believed they were able to craft selves and employ social scripts to produce social influence and power in situational and contingent forms. I argue that it is within this interactional process that the increasingly undermined ideological and material legacy of patriarchy might still be reified. As such, while there is clear evidence highlighting the undermining of men’s ability to assume power, within this article I theoretically unpack how certain men might be able to produce a localized, pastiche hegemony. This article is published as part of a thematic collection on gender studies.
Cross-Shelf Habitat Occupancy Probabilities for Juvenile Groupers in the Florida Keys Coral Reef Ecosystem
Authors: Harford W. J. , Smith S. G. , Ault J. S. , Babcock E. A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem, delineation of reef fish distributions in relationship to habitat patterns is important for improving the design characteristics of fishery-independent surveys. Efficient survey design depends on analysis of fish distribution patterns to inform and improve the precision of future surveys. We used a diver visual survey to quantify occupancy patterns of preexploitation-size Black Grouper Mycteroperca bonaci and Red Grouper Epinephelus morio. The survey was based on a stratified random sampling design with strata reflecting cross-shelf coral reef habitat types. A multiple spatial scale modeling approach confirmed a cross-shelf occurrence gradient for Red Grouper, with higher nearer-to-shore occupancy probability and lower offshore occupancy probability. Black Grouper occurrence followed a latitudinal gradient, with higher occurrence probabilities in the lower Florida Keys than in the upper Keys. Local habitat characteristics measured within reef strata suggested that occupancy relationships for both species varied according to vertical relief. Our analysis also included multilevel slope coefficients (random effects), which revealed unforeseen variance structure in Black Grouper occurrence probability among cross-shelf reef strata. Our study improves on previous qualitative observations of juvenile grouper distributions in the Florida Keys and highlights the use of multilevel models in revealing variance structures of fish distributions not revealed by fixed-effects models. Our analysis contributes to a discussion about foraging characteristics in producing the observed distributional patterns, and we suggest that examining the links between the distributions of forage fishes and larger predators (i.e., groupers) would be a useful step in improving survey stratification schemes.
Received February 23, 2015; accepted July 2, 2015