bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the COVD-19 in Nangarhar Corona Center According to Season in 2020- 2022
Authors: Mulavizada Habibullah , Jabarkhil Abdul Nasir , Rahime Salahuddin , Zafarzai Kamran , Sahak Shukrullah 
Published: October 2024

In late 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged and spread quickly from its origin in China across the globe. The CDC-recommended terminology for the virus is SARS-CoV-2 and the illness caused by this virus is called “Coronavirus Disease 2019” or COVID- 19. COVID- 19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. The virus spread to Afghanistan and infected thousands of individuals. The study's aim is to describe the incidence of COVID-19 in the Nangarhar Corona Center, in Afghanistan, according to season between 2020 and 2022. A descriptive retrospective investigation using interview approach and an accidental sampling technique was used to collect data for this study from the inpatient medical records of patients who were identified as having SARS-CoV-2 infection following admission to the Corona Center in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan, between 2020 and 2022. The variables were age, gender of the patient, and season of the year. The data was processed using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 16. In this study, patients who met the inclusion criteria provided 32327 samples. According to age, 12112 female and 20209 male patients were reported.. There were 14337 negative cases and 17990 positive cases out of them. 5271 (29.2%) of the positive instances were found in winter, whereas 4527 (25.1%) were found in fall, 4334 (24.3%) in summer and 3857 (21.4%) in spring. The primary target of the Corona virus is the human respiratory system. The findings of this study indicated that the majority of COVID-19 patients were of 58- 67 years, and the most positive cases 5271 (29.2%) were found in winter, whereas 4527 (25.1%) were found in summer, 4334 (24%) in fall and 3857 (21.4%) in spring. Additionally, our study found that, overall, there was a negative influence of COVID-19 on Afghan population social life. Immediate action is required on the part of the general public in the shape of focused mass psychological support initiatives in order to improve the mental health of those impacted by the COVID-19 problems.
Climate Changes and Distribution of Vector Born Communicable Disease in the Eastern Region, Afghanistan.
Authors: Shinwari Abdullah Jan , Sediqi Yama , Himmat Abdul Haq , Sherzad Muhammad Saeed 
Published: October 2024

Vector-borne diseases are parasitic, viral, and bacterial diseases continue to contribute significantly to the global burden of disease, and cause epidemics that interrupt health services and cause wider socioeconomic impacts around the world. Aims of this study to describe and measure the epidemiological burden and sessional variation of current Vector- Borne Diseases (VBDs) in the eastern regions of Afghanistan. This was a Retrospective descriptive study in the eastern region of Afghanistan. Data obtained from (Malaria and Leishmaniasis Information System ( MLIS) and Drought Early Warning Decision Support ( DEWS) reports from January 2019 to Dec 2023 of Ministry of Public Health and includes from more than 260 health facilities covering particularly all parts of the east provinces’ territory. In the result identified four known VBDs in the east four provinces, overall incidences of malaria were 20.28%, Leishmania 1.62%, Dengue 0.054% and Crimean- Congo hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) 0.0063% with low prevalence’s. Province base Laghman had high incidence (27.82%) then Konar (21.36%) and Nooristan (20.28%) but Nangarhar was relatively in lower incidence (15.8%). Dengue fever firstly coming VBD which two cases were diagnosed in December 2022 and up to 30 December 2023 diagnosed 1526 cases all over district of Nangarhar province. In conclusion, four VBDs incidences have been identified in the eastern region of Afghanistan, and their cases has been clearly increasing in recent years. Their incidences mostly occurring in summer and autumn sessions, Dengue is a newly coming VBD to the Nangarhar province, its spreading is fast, therefore, will distribute more parts of the country rapidly.
Changes in the force-time curve during a repeat power ability assessment using loaded countermovement jumps
Authors: Natera Alex O. , Hughes Steven , Chapman Dale W. , Chapman Neil D. , Keogh Justin W.L. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Repeat power ability (RPA) assessments traditionally use discrete variables, such as peak power output, to quantify the change in performance across a series of jumps. Rather than using a discrete variable, the analysis of the entire force-time curve may provide additional insight into RPA performance. The aims of this study were to (1) analyse changes in the force-time curve recorded during an RPA assessment using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and (2) compare the differences in the force-time curve between participants with low and high RPA scores, as quantified by traditional analysis.

Materials and Methods
Eleven well-trained field hockey players performed an RPA assessment consisting of 20 loaded countermovement jumps with a 30% one repetition maximum half squat load (LCMJ20). Mean force-time series data was normalized to 100% of the movement duration and analysed using SPM. Peak power output for each jump was also derived from the force-time data and a percent decrement score calculated for jumps 2 to 19 (RPA%dec). An SPM one-way ANOVA with significance accepted at α = 0.05, was used to identify the change in the force-time curve over three distinct series of jumps across the LCMJ20 (series 1 = jumps 2–5, series 2 = jumps 9–12 and series 3 = jumps 16–19). A secondary analysis, using an independent T-test with significance accepted at p < 0.001, was also used to identify differences in the force-time curve between participants with low and high RPA%dec.

Results
Propulsive forces were significantly lower (p < 0.001) between 74–98% of the movement compared to 0–73% for changes recorded during the LCMJ20. Post hoc analysis identified the greatest differences to occur between jump series 1 and jump series 2 (p < 0.001) at 70–98% of the movement and between jump series 1 and jump series 3 (p < 0.001) at 86–99% of the movement. No significant differences were found between jump series 2 and jump series 3. Significant differences (p < 0.001) in both the braking phase at 44–48% of the jump and the propulsive phase at 74–94% of the jump were identified when participants were classified based on low or high RPA%dec scores (with low scores representing an enhanced ability to maintain peak power output than high scores).

Conclusion
A reduction in force during the late propulsive phase is evident as the LCMJ20 progresses. SPM analysis provides refined insight into where changes in the force-time curve occur during performance of the LCMJ20. Participants with the lower RPA%dec scores displayed both larger braking and propulsive forces across the LCMJ20 assessment.
Landscape-scale monitoring for forest fauna is achievable: a case study using remote sensors, artificial intelligence and robust analytics
Authors: Gonsalves Leroy , Law Brad , Slade Chris 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Landscape-scale monitoring is used to track changes in the status of fauna populations, including identifying when and where change is occurring over large areas. Yet few programs at this scale exist despite calls for long-term monitoring, especially after the ‘black summer’ fires of 2019/20. Landscape monitoring often sits in the ‘too hard and too expensive basket’. To encourage land managers to maintain existing programs or establish new ones, it is important to demonstrate approaches that can cost-effectively monitor fauna and assess the level of investment required to adequately assess trends. We used passive acoustic and ultrasonic monitoring with artificial intelligence to semi-automate the detection of vocalisations from Koalas, Yellow-bellied Gliders, Powerful Owls and Sooty Owls and echolocation calls from two threatened bat species (Eastern Falsistrelle and Little Bent-wing Bat) as part of a pilot study for forest monitoring at a landscape-scale. Analyses that accounted for imperfect detection were used to: (1) generate detection probability and initial occupancy estimates for selected priority fauna species, and (2) undertake power analyses to inform sampling effort, and duration required to detect a commonly applied trend (30% decline over 10 years). Cost-effectiveness of sampling with remote sensors and traditional methods was also examined. Several thousand detections of priority species were recorded, with the number of detections varying by species and season. This translated to differences in detection probability and occupancy for each species. Detection probability was sensitive to the sampling intensity (number of surveys/sensors) deployed at a given site and this varied between seasons, with &gt;95% probability of detection achieved for most species when multiple subplots were sampled for a 2-week period. Power analyses revealed trade-offs between sampling effort (number of sites) and duration (number of visits) required to detect a trend. Only a modest investment was needed to monitor widespread species that are moderately detectable using remote sensors with artificial intelligence and this investment was 2-11 times lower than monitoring using traditional methods for the priority species examined. For very rare species that are not widespread, localised monitoring and/or targeted research may be more suitable. Nevertheless, landscape-scale monitoring for many forest fauna is achievable using cost-effective remote sampling, artificial intelligence and robust analytics that account for imperfect detection. Now, more than ever, we urge support for and implementation of landscape monitoring for biodiversity.
The Impact of Proper Citation on Academic Integrity and Scholarship
Authors: Panjaitan Ani Oranda , Novelyn Silphia , Angreni Frisca 
Published: October 2024

Aims: to revisited the importance of citing the sources properly, discusses the noble human values regarding citation and simple example of citation in the context of academic writing
Discussion: The importance of citations in academic writing offer clear and convincing evidence which build on arguments and facts asserted carefully by authors in their academic writing. Beside of that, a well-organized cited text-section also a conclusive evidence of acknowledges the endeavor and hard work of previous scholars who had struggling published his/her work which is now being quoted. Citations in academic writing are treasure references to all the sources an author has used to support his/her own ideas and then carefully referred to during his/her writing on a manuscript. authors have the obligation to supply references to all the published/unpublished works they reviewed and used. The cited works can include books, research papers, websites, and other internet sources that writers ascribe to using certain citation styles/format. Actually, there are differences in citation styles (APA, MLA, etc.) and their relevance in different academic contexts literally make scholars and readers become more integrated in context. By citing properly, it highlights a true noble human values such as honesty, resilience, hard work, humility, gratitude, credibility, integrity, open-mindedness and obedience. This approach reveals an author’s academic expertise, render rationality to a text and honor intellectual honesty. In other words, citations carry critical significance in academic writing. The challenges or common pitfalls associated with improper citation can be in the form of inappropriate misused of citing, which further slowing actual progress in research and circulating unsupported beliefs. For academic writers, it is essential to understand the grounds for this significance.
Conclusion: Citing the sources properly will help the author, the reader, the editors and the peer reviewer and in the end, the entire scientific community reinforces a responsibility for ensuring that the customs, traditions, and ethical standards that guide the whole process of accountable and reliable academic writing products.
Geochemical Evaluation of the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous Source Rocks at the Erawin Field, Murzuq Basin, SW Libya
Authors: Albaghday Alsharef A. , Aboglila S. , Abdullah Moustafa A. , Abousif Alsedik M. A. , Farifr E. , Targhi Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2024

Eighty-five rock samples corresponding to the Palaeozoic formations were taken from two wells in the NC 200 Block of the Murzuq Basin. The study aimed to find out geochemical characteristics of Silurian Bir Tlacsin/Tanezzuft Formations, the Devonian Awaynat Wanin/BDS II Formations, and the Carboniferous Marar/Lower Marar Formations. Rock-Eval analysis, Total organic carbon (TOC) parameters and specific Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) biomarkers were applied to determine the potential hydrocarbon generation. Per se, Rocks are good sources and hold fair content of organic matter, crossing in the range of good accumulation, in which the very good source rocks have an organic carbon richness (TOC) reached of 3.7 wt%. The studied rocks are ranged from immature to late mature organic matter (OM) with total organic carbon richness (TOC) range between 0.4 – 3.7 wt%. Rock-Eval parameters S1, S2, S3, Tmax, S2/S3, OI, PI and HI of the source rock samples have values ranged from 0.02 – 0.3, 0.22 – 6, 0.36 – 4, 423 – 443, 24= 350, 0 – 0.27 and 42 – 384 respectively. The range of hydrogen index (HI) related to oxygen index (OI) displays that all kerogen types from Type II to Type III are exist and increase with depth. The Tmax parameter is wide-ranging among studied formations, indicating different levels of organic matter maturity, from immature oil window and to late mature for the Devonian-Carboniferous and Silurian source rocks, associated with more depth. Molecular composition analysis of n-alkanes and other biomarkers supported the findings of Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, revealing varied hydrocarbon signatures across the formations. The Carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) suggested multiple sources contributing to the generated oil, including Type I to Type III kerogens.
TKM 15 -A High Yielding, Short Duration Rice Variety Suitable for Direct Sown Water Limited Areas of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sheeba A. , Banumathy S. , Yogameenakshi P. , Muthuramu S. , Selvi C. Tamil , Bhaskaran M. 
Published: October 2024

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect rice production in rainfed areas of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu experienced recurrent droughts during the years 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2018 and rice production is worst affected. Rice Research Station, Tirur established in 1942 in Tiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu (TNAU) to evolve varieties suitable for semidry areas, took up research programme to develop a short duration, high yielding drought tolerant rice variety suitable for rainfed and semidry cultivation and came up with the drought tolerant, short duration rice variety TKM 15 during 2022 for direct sown rainfed and semidry areas of Tamil Nadu viz., Kancheepuram, Chengalpattu, Tiruvallur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar, Sivagangai and Thoothukudi districts. TKM 15 matures in 118 days and has the ability to withstand early-stage water stress, good germination percentage under direct sowing, early vigour and high drought recovery. This variety has manifested the grain yield of 3995 kg/ha and 4217 kg/ha under rainfed and semidry conditions respectively which was 10.42% and 17.89% increase over the check variety Anna (R) 4 in rainfed and semidry conditions. TKM 15 has erect, high tillering and non-lodging plant habit, with dense droopy compact panicle (25 cm) having more number of grains per panicle (253 no.). It is moderately resistant to major diseases such as blast, sheath rot, sheath blight, brown spot and RTD and field tolerant to major pests like leaf folder, stem borer and gall midge which are its added advantage. It has good hulling (80%) percentage, milling (68%) percentage and Head Rice Recovery (62.9 %). Rice is white, medium slender with 1000 grain weight of 15.0 g with non-sticky property and has good taste upon cooking. It has higher proline content (2.15 mg/g), Chlorophyll Stability Index (80.23 %) and total chlorophyll content (1.51 mg/g) under water stress. The feedback from the farmers was that, TKM 15 tolerates water stress and recovers quickly with the receipt of rainfall, has more tillers, densely packed panicle with medium slender grains, gives higher yield under rainfed and semidry environments and also free from pests and diseases under field condition.
Rapid sedimentation and overpressure in shallow sediments of the Bering Trough, offshore southern Alaska
Authors: Daigle Hugh , Worthington Lindsay L. , Gulick Sean P. S. , Van Avendonk Harm J. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPore pressures in sediments at convergent margins play an important role in driving chemical fluxes and controlling deformation styles and localization. In the Bering Trough offshore Southern Alaska, extreme sedimentation rates over the last 140 kyr as a result of glacial advance/retreats on the continental shelf have resulted in elevated pore fluid pressures in slope sediments overlying the Pamplona Zone fold and thrust belt, the accretionary wedge resulting from subduction of the Yakutat microplate beneath the North American Plate. Based on laboratory experiments and downhole logs acquired at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1421, we predict that the overpressure in the slope sediments may be as high as 92% of the lithostatic stress. Results of one‐dimensional numerical modeling accounting for changes in sedimentation rate over the last 130 kyr predicted overpressures that are consistent with our estimates, suggesting that the overpressure is a direct result of the rapid sedimentation experienced on the Bering shelf and slope. Comparisons with other convergent margins indicate that such rapid sedimentation and high overpressure are anomalous in sediments overlying accretionary wedges. We hypothesize that the shallow overpressure on the Bering shelf/slope has fundamentally altered the deformation style within the Pamplona Zone by suppressing development of faults and may inhibit seismicity by focusing faulting elsewhere or causing deformation on existing faults to be aseismic. These consequences are probably long‐lived as it may take several million years for the excess pressure to dissipate.
Effect of a fast‐moving tropical storm Washi on phytoplankton in the northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Zhao Hui , Pan Jiayi , Han Guoqi , Devlin Adam T. , Zhang Shuwen , Hou Yijun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTropical cyclones may augment nutrients in the ocean surface layer through mixing, entrainment, and upwelling, triggering phytoplankton blooms in oligotrophic waters such as the South China Sea (SCS). Previous studies focused mainly on responses of marine environments to strong or slow‐moving typhoons in the SCS. In this study, we analyze variations of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and oceanic conditions in the continental shelf region east of Hainan Island during the fast‐moving tropical storm Washi and investigate its influences on phytoplankton bloom and related dynamic mechanisms. Results indicate that there was significant variation of Chl a concentration in the continental shelf region, with low values (about 0.1 mg m−3) before the storm and a 30% increase after the storm. This increase was spatially variable, much larger nearshore than offshore. Power spectral analysis of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data at a shelf site near the study region reveals strong near‐inertial oscillations (NIOs) in the upper layer, with a period of about 36 h, close to the local inertial period. The NIOs intensified mixing and modified the stratification of the upper layer, inducing uplift of nutrients and Chl a into the mixed layer from below, and leading to surface Chl a increase. The relatively shallow nutricline and thermocline in the continental shelf region before the storm were favorable for upwelling of nutrients and generation of NIOs. Advection of nutrients from enhanced runoff during and after the storm may be responsible for the larger increase of the Chl a nearshore.
Observation‐based parameterization of air‐sea fluxes in terms of wind speed and atmospheric stability under low‐to‐moderate wind conditions
Authors: Zou Zhongshui , Zhao Dongliang , Liu Bin , Zhang Jun A , Huang Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study explores the behavior of the exchange coefficients for wind stress (CD), sensible heat flux (CH), and water vapor flux (CE) as functions of surface wind speed (U10) and atmospheric stability using direct turbulent flux measurements obtained from a platform equipped with fast‐response turbulence sensors in a low‐to‐moderate wind region. Turbulent fluxes are calculated using the eddy‐correlation method with extensive observations. The total numbers of quality‐controlled 30 min flux runs are 12,240, 5813, and 5637 for estimation of CD, CH, and CE, respectively. When adjusted to neutral stability using the Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), we found that CDN, CHN, and CEN decrease with neutral‐adjusted wind speed when wind speed is less than 5 m/s. CDN is constant over the range 5 m/s < U10N < 12 m/s, then increases with U10N when U10N > 12 m/s. In contrast, CHN and CEN exhibit no clear dependence on wind speed and are generally constant, with mean values of 0.96 × 10−3 and 1.2 × 10−3, respectively. This behavior of neutral exchange coefficients is consistent with the findings of previous studies. We also found that CDN under offshore winds is generally greater than that under onshore wind conditions, which is ascribed to the younger wind waves present due to the shorter fetch in the former case. However, this behavior is not exhibited by CHN or CEN. The original CD, CH, and CE values without MOST adjustment are also investigated to develop a new parameterization based on wind speed and stability. Three stability parameters are tested, including the bulk Richardson number, stability as defined in COARE 3.0, and a simplified Richardson number using the Charnock parameter. This new parameterization is free of MOST and the associated self‐correlation. Compared with previous studies and COARE 3.0 results, the new parameterization using the simplified Richardson number performs well, with an increased correlation coefficient and reduction of root‐mean‐square error and bias.