bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’après-13 Novembre
Authors: Audoin-Rouzeau Stéphane 
Published: April 2017

Cet article propose l’hypothèse que l’après-13 Novembre a permis, pour une période de temps assez brève, l’émergence en France d’une « culture de guerre » dans des formes souvent proches de celles dont on peut observer la formation en 1914-1918. Au titre des correspondances possibles : la formation d’une « Union sacrée » autour du président de la République, la mobilisation intensive des symboles nationaux, le processus d’héroïsation des victimes, des sauveteurs et des forces de l’ordre, la stigmatisation violente d’un « ennemi » rabattu du côté de la barbarie. L’article s’interroge enfin sur différentes possibilités d’interprétation d’un tel phénomène, entre mobilisation des références historiques, manifestation d’un puissant patriotisme défensif et rejeu du « mythe de l’unité ».
Ethnic reasoning in social identity of Hebrews: A social-scientific study
Authors: Kissi Seth , Van Eck Ernest 
Published: April 2017

Ethnicity reasoning offers one way of looking at social identity in the letter to the Hebrews. The context of socio-economic abuse and hardships of the audience creates a situation in which ethnicity in social identity becomes an important issue for the author of Hebrews to address. This article is a social-scientific study which explores how the author establishes the ethnic identity of the audience as people of God. While this ethnic identity indicates the more privileged position the readers occupy in relation to the benefits of God accessible to them, it also provides the author with the appropriate social institutions and scripts by which his demand for appropriate response to God and the Christian group becomes appreciable and compelling. The article involves the definition of social-scientific criticism, ethnicity and social identity, and discusses the social context of the letter to the Hebrews. It then explains how some social scripts within specific ethnic institutions give meaning to the demands the author makes from his readers.
Amalgamation of South Africa’s rural municipalities: is it a good idea?
Authors: Ncube Mkhululi , Monnakgotla Jabulile 
Published: April 2017

The majority of South African municipalities facing the challenges of unemployment, poverty and weak infrastructure are in rural areas. To fulfil their mandate, they depend significantly on financial transfers. This is something that the government is focused on minimising as evidenced by the recent Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs proposal of amalgamating many municipalities to make them self-reliant and functional. This paper asks the question: ‘will amalgamations of rural municipalities correct for financial viability and functionality’? Using case studies of amalgamated municipalities, the paper observes that amalgamations will not make all rural municipalities self-sufficient and functional.
Dosagem du Carbone et de l'azote Organoiques dans les Sediments Marins.
Authors: OTTMANN Jeanne-Marie 
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho consiste em mais uma maneira de realizar dosagens de Carbono e Nitrogênio orgânicos nos sedimentos. Insiste o autor sobre as precauções a serem tomadas quando da realização das mesmas, como também na preparação das amostras, a fim de se obter sempre resultados comparáveis. Assim é recomendado trabalhar só na fração fina das amostras, depois de peneiradas sobre peneiras de 40 a 50 microns.É indicada também a maneira de eliminar os halogenos e sulfatos indesejáveis.
In situ stress conditions at IODP Site C0002 reflecting the tectonic evolution of the sedimentary system near the seaward edge of the Kumano basin, offshore from SW Japan
Authors: Song Insun , Chang Chandong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a complete set of in situ stress calculations for depths of 200–1400 meters below seafloor at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002, near the seaward margin of the Kumano fore‐arc basin, offshore from southwest Japan. The vertical stress component was obtained by integrating bulk density calculations from moisture and density logging data, and the two horizontal components were stochastically optimized by minimizing misfits between a probabilistic model and measured breakout widths for every 30 m vertical segment of the wellbore. Our stochastic optimization process reveals that the in situ stress regime is decoupled across an unconformity between an accretionary complex and the overlying Kumano fore‐arc basin. The stress condition above the unconformity is close to the critical condition for normal faulting, while below the unconformity the geologic system is stable in a normal to strike‐slip fault stress regime. The critical state of stress demonstrates that the tectonic evolution of the sedimentary system has been achieved mainly by the regionally continuous action of a major out‐of‐sequence thrust fault during sedimentation in the fore‐arc basin. The stable stress condition in the accretionary prism is interpreted to have resulted from mechanical decoupling by the accommodation of large displacement along the megasplay fault.
Locally and remotely triggered aseismic slip on the central San Jacinto Fault near Anza, CA, from joint inversion of seismicity and strainmeter data
Authors: Inbal A. , Ampuero J.‐P. , Avouac J.‐P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe study deep aseismic slip along the central section of the San Jacinto Fault, near the Anza Seismic Gap, in southern California. Elevated strain rates following the remote Mw7.2, 4 April 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah and the local Mw5.4, 7 July 2010 Collins Valley earthquakes were recorded by Plate Boundary Observatory borehole strainmeters near Anza and were accompanied by vigorous aftershock sequences. We introduce a method to infer the distribution of triggered aseismic slip from combined seismicity and geodetic data, based on a rate‐and‐state friction model that maps observed changes in seismicity rates into stress changes. We invert for the cumulative slip in the 10 day period following each main shock. Synthetic tests show that the effect of aftershock interactions on the inferred slip distribution is negligible. The joint data set is more consistent with a model in which aseismic slip on a principal fault triggers seismicity on adjacent faults than with one in which aseismic slip and seismicity are coplanar. Our results indicate that aseismic slip primarily occurs along the rim of two seismicity clusters adjacent to Anza Gap, as well as beneath the Anza Gap itself, at depths larger than 10 km. The triggered aseismic slip generated by the two main shocks has little overlap, a pattern also found in sequences of large earthquakes occurring on a same fault. Stresses inferred from seismic activity leading to the Collins Valley main shock suggest that this earthquake was triggered by stresses imposed by the El Mayor‐Cucapah remote‐triggered aseismic slip, which persisted for more than 2 months.
Marine‐controlled source electromagnetic study of methane seeps and gas hydrates at Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Schwalenberg Katrin , Rippe Dennis , Koch Stephanie , Scholl Carsten 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMarine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) data have been collected to investigate methane seep sites and associated gas hydrate deposits at Opouawe Bank on the southern tip of the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. The bank is located in about 1000 m water depth within the gas hydrate stability field. The seep sites are characterized by active venting and typical methane seep fauna accompanied with patchy carbonate outcrops at the seafloor. Below the seeps, gas migration pathways reach from below the bottom‐simulating reflector (at around 380 m sediment depth) toward the seafloor, indicating free gas transport into the shallow hydrate stability field. The CSEM data have been acquired with a seafloor‐towed, electric multi‐dipole system measuring the inline component of the electric field. CSEM data from three profiles have been analyzed by using 1‐D and 2‐D inversion techniques. High‐resolution 2‐D and 3‐D multichannel seismic data have been collected in the same area. The electrical resistivity models show several zones of highly anomalous resistivities (>50 Ωm) which correlate with high amplitude reflections located on top of narrow vertical gas conduits, indicating the coexistence of free gas and gas hydrates within the hydrate stability zone. Away from the seeps the CSEM models show normal background resistivities between ~1 and 2 Ωm. Archie's law has been applied to estimate gas/gas hydrate saturations below the seeps. At intermediate depths between 50 and 200 m below seafloor, saturations are between 40 and 80% and gas hydrate may be the dominating pore filling constituent. At shallow depths from 10 m to the seafloor, free gas dominates as seismic data and gas plumes suggest.
The global nonmethane reactive organic carbon budget: A modeling perspective
Authors: Safieddine Sarah A. , Heald Colette L. , Henderson Barron H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe cycling of reactive organic carbon (ROC) is central to tropospheric chemistry. We characterize the global tropospheric ROC budget as simulated with the GEOS‐Chem model. We expand the standard simulation by including new emissions and gas‐phase chemistry, an expansion of dry and wet removal, and a mass tracking of all ROC species to achieve carbon closure. The resulting global annual mean ROC burden is 16 Tg C, with sources from methane oxidation and direct emissions contributing 415 and 935 Tg C yr−1. ROC is lost from the atmosphere via physical deposition (460 Tg C yr−1), and oxidation to CO/CO2 (875 Tg C yr−1). Ketones, alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons dominate the ROC burden, whereas aldehydes and isoprene dominate the ROC global mean surface OH reactivity. Simulated OH reactivities are between 0.8–1 s−1, 3–14 s−1, and 12–34 s−1 over selected regions in the remote ocean, continental midlatitudes, and the tropics, respectively, and are consistent with observational constraints.
Properties of suprathermal electrons associated with discrete auroral arcs
Authors: Ogasawara K. , Livadiotis G. , Grubbs G. A. , Jahn J.‐M. , Michell R. , Samara M. , Sharber J. R. , Winningham J. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report on the properties of suprathermal electrons observed over three discrete auroral arcs from a sounding rocket. By applying shifted kappa distributions and analyzing kappa parameters (density, temperature, and kappa), we found three novel characteristics to provide clues to understand the auroral acceleration mechanisms and magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes. First, the auroral potential drop was proportional to the inverse square of kappa, consistent with previous theoretical investigations by Dors and Kletzing (). The observed dependency was slightly stronger than their calculations, suggesting additional contributions from nonlinear plasma processes. Second, the polytropic relation showed nonadiabatic (near isothermal) state of the source electrons. This can provide a restriction on the pressure balance issues in the plasma sheet convection. Third, there was a clear difference in the polytropic and kappa indices for the first arc as opposed to the second and the third arcs, suggesting different source locations in the plasma sheet for the precipitating electrons that cause these nearby arcs.
Neutrally buoyant tracers in hydrogeophysics: Field demonstration in fractured rock
Authors: Shakas Alexis , Linde Niklas , Baron Ludovic , Selker John , Gerard Marie‐Françoise , Lavenant Nicolas , Bour Olivier , Le Borgne Tanguy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractElectrical and electromagnetic methods are extensively used to map electrically conductive tracers within hydrogeologic systems. Often, the tracers used consist of dissolved salt in water, leading to a denser mixture than the ambient formation water. Density effects are often ignored and rarely modeled but can dramatically affect transport behavior and introduce dynamics that are unrepresentative of the response obtained with classical tracers (e.g., uranine). We introduce a neutrally buoyant tracer consisting of a mixture of salt, water, and ethanol and monitor its movement during push‐pull experiments in a fractured rock aquifer using ground‐penetrating radar. Our results indicate a largely reversible transport process and agree with uranine‐based push‐pull experiments at the site, which is in contrast to results obtained using dense saline tracers. We argue that a shift toward neutrally buoyant tracers in both porous and fractured media would advance hydrogeophysical research and enhance its utility in hydrogeology.
The Effects of Cell Phone Use and Emotion‐regulation Style on College Students' Learning
Authors: Lee Seungyeon , Kim Myeong W. , McDonough Ian M. , Mendoza Jessica S. , Kim Min Sung 
Published: April 2017

SummaryCell phones are becoming an inevitable part of the classroom, but extant research suggests that using cell phones in the classroom impairs academic performance. The present study examined the impact of different cell phone policies on learning and emotion‐regulation style. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: cell phone usage allowed, cell phone possession allowed but without usage, cell phones removed, and a no‐instruction control group. All participants watched a 20‐minute lecture and were sent text messages to mimic classroom distractions. Afterward, participants took a multiple‐choice test and filled out questionnaires assessing their level of obsessiveness, nomophobia, and mindfulness. Participants who had their cell phone taken away performed best on the test with no other differences. None of the emotional‐regulation measures moderated the results. These findings provide important insight as to how cell phone policies can optimize learning in the classroom.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive stabilization and parameters estimation for a Kirchhoff's nonlinear beam with uncertain input disturbances under boundary output feedback control
Authors: Wen Rui‐Li , Chai Shu‐Gen , Feng Hongyinping 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the adaptive stabilization and parameters estimation for a Kirchhoff‐type nonlinear beam with one end fixed and control and uncertain input disturbances at another end. A high‐gain adaptive regulator is designed in terms of measured collocated end velocity and the estimate for unknown parameters of the uncertain input disturbances. The global existence and uniqueness of the classical solution of the closed‐loop system are justified. It is shown that the system is stable, and meanwhile, the estimated parameters converge to the unknown parameters.
Adaptive filtering‐based multi‐innovation gradient algorithm for input nonlinear systems with autoregressive noise
Authors: Mao Yawen , Ding Feng , Yang Erfu 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this paper, by means of the adaptive filtering technique and the multi‐innovation identification theory, an adaptive filtering‐based multi‐innovation stochastic gradient identification algorithm is derived for Hammerstein nonlinear systems with colored noise. The new adaptive filtering configuration consists of a noise whitening filter and a parameter estimator. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has higher parameter estimation accuracies and faster convergence rates than the multi‐innovation stochastic gradient algorithm for the same innovation length. As the innovation length increases, the filtering‐based multi‐innovation stochastic gradient algorithm gives smaller parameter estimation errors than the recursive least squares algorithm.
Novel phosphorus‐based flame retardants containing 4‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene: Preparation and application for the fire safety of epoxy resins
Authors: Lu Lingang , Qian Xiaodong , Zeng Zejun , Yang Shousheng , Shao Gaosong , Wang Huiya , Jin Jing , Xu Xiaonan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA novel flame retardant (FR) containing phosphorus and 4‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene was synthesized and characterized. The FR combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was then incorporated into epoxy resins (EPs) at different ratios. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke‐releasing properties were investigated. The limiting oxygen index was as high as 30.8% when the mass fraction ratio of the FR to APP was 1:2. The improved FR effect have been due to the combined FR effects between the FR and APP. The char residue content at 800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere increased notably from 8.22% to 17.6% when the FR APP was incorporated into EP; this indicated an improvement in the thermooxidation resistance. From the cone test, we found that both the total heat‐release and peak heat‐release rate of the FR resins were reduced. Compared to the resins containing no FRs, the smoke‐production rate and total smoke‐production results indicate that the FR resins also exhibited good smoke‐suppression properties. Generally, the stable char layer of the FR APP–EP not only effectively prevented the release of combustion gases but also hindered the propagation of oxygen and heat into the interior substrate. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45105.
Replacing 100% of phenol in phenolic adhesive formulations with lignin
Authors: Kalami Somayyeh , Arefmanesh Maryam , Master Emma , Nejad Mojgan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTLignin, produced as a byproduct of pulp and paper and bioethanol industries, is a polyphenolic compound that has excellent potential to be used as phenol replacement in phenolic adhesive formulation. In this study, the phenol portion of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin has been replaced by an agricultural‐based lignin, which was produced as a byproduct of a cellulosic bioethanol process through dilute‐acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis from corn stover. The PF resol resin was formulated using isolated lignin under alkaline condition. Chemical, physical, and thermal properties of the isolated lignin, PF resin and adhesive were measured using advanced analytical techniques such as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The developed 100% lignin‐based adhesive and a commercially formulated phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF, as reference) were used to prepare single‐lap‐joint samples for mechanical testing. The plywood samples were pressed under exactly the same conditions (time, temperature, and pressure) as what recommended for the commercial PRF formulation. According to two‐way ANOVA results, statistically there was no significant difference between the shear strengths of plywood samples made with 100% lignin‐based adhesive and those made with the commercial PRF resin. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45124.
Solvent‐induced crystal formation in polymers: Experimental studies and theoretical modeling of poly(vinyl alcohol) based on free‐volume concepts
Authors: Ramesh Narayan , Hamedi Mourad , Danner Ronald P. , Zielinski John M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA model has been developed to describe the simultaneous diffusion and solvent‐induced crystal formation in polymers based on the idea that crystal formation is governed by polymer chain mobility and a thermodynamic driving force. The polymer chain mobility is described based on solvent and polymer physical characteristics using the free‐volume theory of transport. The semicrystalline polymer‐solvent system is treated as a ternary system consisting of crystalline polymer, amorphous polymer, and solvent. The addition of solvent to the amorphous phase is assumed to increase the local free volume and facilitate movement of polymer chains, thereby enabling crystal formation. Diffusion of the solvent is assumed to occur solely in the amorphous polymer phase. The species continuity equations are formulated in volume‐averaged coordinates and give rise to a convective term due to the density change accompanying transformation of the amorphous polymer to the crystalline polymer. Accurate modeling of this problem requires that a moving boundary be considered. The model was tested using gravimetric sorption data for the poly(vinyl alcohol)‐water system. In the experimental studies, the water was initially absorbed and then a high percentage of it was expelled. The proposed model accurately describes this behavior. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45171.
Expandable graphite in polyurethane foams: The effect of expansion volume and intercalants on flame retardancy
Authors: Lorenzetti A. , Dittrich B. , Schartel B. , Roso M. , Modesti M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSeveral expandable graphites (EGs), differing in expansion volume but with the same mean size, are compared as flame retardants in polyurethane (PUR) foams. Not only common sulfur‐intercalated graphites are investigated but also a new one intercalated with phosphorus. The main aim of this article is to understand which properties of EG are important for its flame retardancy effectiveness in PUR foams. Thermal stability, flammability, and fire behavior are analyzed through limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests. Detailed characterization of the phosphorus‐intercalated graphite is also provided as well as physical–mechanical characterization. The results show that the well‐known sulfur‐intercalated graphites and the one with phosphorus both enhance the residue yield, induce a protective layer, and thus efficiently flame‐retard PUR foams. While the expansion volume of the EGs had a surprisingly limited influence on the performance of the foams, at least in the range tested, the most important feature controlling the effectiveness of EG in terms of flame retardant PUR foams was the type of intercalant. The presence of EG affected the physical–mechanical properties of the foams; however, no significant effect of the expansion volume or intercalant type has been revealed on the physical–mechanical properties of the foams. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45173.
High performance electrospun PVdF‐HFP/SiO2 nanocomposite membrane electrolyte for Li‐ion capacitors
Authors: Solarajan Arun Kumar , Murugadoss Vignesh , Angaiah Subramania 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTElectrospun poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene]/silica (PVdF‐HFP/SiO2) nanocomposite polymer membranes (esCPMs) were prepared by incorporating different weight percentages of SiO2 nanoparticles onto electrospun PVdF‐HFP by electrospinning technique. The surface morphology of electrospun PVdF‐HFP nanocomposite membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles incorporation onto electrospun PVdF‐HFP polymer membranes (esPMs) has been studied by XRD, DSC, TGA, and tensile analysis. The electrospun PVdF‐HFP/SiO2 based nanocomposite membrane electrolytes (esCPMEs) were prepared by soaking the corresponding esCPMs into 1 M LiPF6 in EC:DMC (1:1 vol/vol %). The ionic conductivity of the esCPMEs was studied by AC‐impedance studies and it was found that the incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles into PVdF‐HFP membrane has improved the ionic conductivity from 1.320 × 10−3 S cm−1 to 2.259 × 10−3 S cm−1. The electrochemical stability of the esCPME was studied by linear sweep voltammetry studies and it was found to be 2.87 V. Finally, a prototype LiCo0.2Mn1.8O4//C Li‐ion capacitor (LIC) cell was fabricated with esCPME, which delivered a discharge capacitance of 128 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and retained 86% of its discharge capacitance even after 10,000 cycles. These results demonstrated that the esCPMEs could be used as promising polymer membrane electrolyte for LICs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45177.