bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active surveillance for low-risk localized prostate cancer: what do men and their partners think?
Authors: Mallapareddi Arun , Ruterbusch Julie , Reamer Elyse , Eggly Susan , Xu Jinping 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background.
Active surveillance (AS) is recognized as a reasonable treatment option for low-risk localized prostate cancer (LPC) but continues to be chosen by a minority of men. To date, limited data are available regarding reasons why men with low-risk LPC adopt AS.

Purpose.
The aim of this study is to better understand conceptualizations, experiences and reasons why men with low-risk LPC and their partners adopt AS.

Methods.
We conducted five focus groups (FGs), three among men with low-risk LPC who had chosen AS and two with their partners. FGs were video/audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.

Results.
A total of 12 men and 6 partners (all women) participated in FG discussions. The most common reasons for choosing AS were seeing the LPC as ‘small’ or ‘low grade’ without need for immediate treatment and trusting their physician’s AS recommendation. The most common concerns about AS were perceived unreliability of prostate specific antigen, pain associated with prostate biopsies and potential cancer progression. Partners saw themselves as very involved in their husbands’ treatment decision-making process, more than men acknowledged them to be. Multiple terms including ‘watchful waiting’ were used interchangeably with AS. There appeared to be a lack of understanding that AS is not simply ‘doing nothing’ but is actually a recognized management option for low-risk LPC.

Conclusions.
Emphasizing the low risk of a man’s LPC and enhancing physician trust may increase acceptability of AS. Standardizing terminology and presenting AS as a reasonable and recognized management option may also help increase its adoption.
Sensitivity and robustness of larval connectivity diagnostics obtained from Lagrangian Flow Networks
Authors: Monroy Pedro , Rossi Vincent , Ser-Giacomi Enrico , López Cristóbal , Hernández-García Emilio 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Lagrangian Flow Network (LFN) is a modelling framework in which ocean sub-areas are represented as nodes in a network interconnected by links representing transport of propagules (eggs and larvae) by currents. We asses the sensitivity and robustness of four LFN-derived connectivity metrics measuring retention and exchange. The most relevant parameters are tested over large ranges and a wide region with contrasting hydrodynamics: density of released particles, node size (spatial scale of discretization), Pelagic Larval Duration (PLD) and spawning modality. We find a minimum density of released particles that guarantees reliable values for most of the metrics examined. We also find that node size has a nontrivial influence on them. Connectivity estimates for long PLDs are more robust against biological uncertainties (PLD and spawning date) than for short PLDs. For mass-spawners releasing propagules over short periods (≈ 2-10 days), daily release must be simulated to properly consider connectivity fluctuations due to variable currents. In contrast, average connectivity estimates for species that spawn repeatedly over longer durations (few weeks to few months) remain robust even using longer periodicity (5-10 days). Our results have implications to design connectivity experiments with particle-tracking models and to evaluate the reliability of their results.
Using digital interventions to improve the cardiometabolic health of populations: a meta-review of reporting quality
Authors: O’Neil Adrienne , Cocker Fiona , Rarau Patricia , Baptista Shaira , Cassimatis Mandy , Barr Taylor C , Lau Annie YS , Kanuri Nitya , Oldenburg Brian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Objectives. We conducted a meta-review to determine the reporting quality of user-centered digital interventions for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic conditions.
Materials and Methods. Using predetermined inclusion criteria, systematic reviews published between 2010 and 2015 were identified from 3 databases. To assess whether current evidence is sufficient to inform wider uptake and implementation of digital health programs, we assessed the quality of reporting of research findings using (1) endorsement of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, (2) a quality assessment framework (eg, Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool), and (3) 8 parameters of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile HEalth Applications and onLine TeleHealth (CONSORT-eHEALTH) guidelines (developed in 2010).
Results. Of the 33 systematic reviews covering social media, Web-based programs, mobile health programs, and composite modalities, 6 reported using the recommended PRISMA guidelines. Seven did not report using a quality assessment framework. Applying the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines, reporting was of mild to moderate strength.
Discussion. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-review to provide a comprehensive analysis of the quality of reporting of research findings for a range of digital health interventions. Our findings suggest that the evidence base and quality of reporting in this rapidly developing field needs significant improvement in order to inform wider implementation and uptake.
Conclusion. The inconsistent quality of reporting of digital health interventions for cardiometabolic outcomes may be a critical impediment to real-world implementation.
Public Mosquito Abatement: A Cluster Randomized Experiment
Authors: Thuilliez Josselin , Dumont Yves 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Mosquito abatement is a public good. A simultaneous model of mosquito abundance and abatement response is developed. We then use data from a cluster randomized controlled experiment conducted over the period 2012–2014 in urban areas of Réunion in France to study the impact of WHO-recommended mechanical elimination techniques, which involve removing sources of stagnant water around the house, on a number of outcomes, including objective entomological indices and self-declared protective behaviors. Empirical results document that households reduce their protective behavior in response to public control. This study holds implications for arboviral disease control, including Zika control.
Ethnicity, Cortisol, and Experimental Pain Responses Among Persons With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Herbert Matthew S. , Goodin Burel R. , Bulls Hailey W. , Sotolongo Adriana , Petrov Megan E. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Bradley Laurence A. , Fillingim Roger B. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Although several factors are known to contribute to ethnic differences in pain, relatively little attention has been devoted to physiological factors. Our first aim was to examine the relationship between cortisol and pain responses during a cold-pressor task (CPT) among African American (AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Our second aim was to assess the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and cortisol among AA participants.

Materials and Methods:
Participants were 91 (56 AA; 35 NHW) community-dwelling adults between the ages of 45 to 85 with knee OA based upon the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria. Plasma cortisol was measured at 3 timepoints: (1) baseline, (2) before the CPT, and (3) 20 minutes following the CPT. Perceived racial discrimination was measured by the Experiences of Discrimination scale.

Results:
Using linear regression, we found a significant interaction between ethnicity and cortisol before the CPT with pain intensity ratings (β=−0.26; P=0.02). Analysis of simple slopes revealed that cortisol concentrations were negatively associated with pain intensity ratings in NHW participants (β=−0.54; P=0.001), but not in AA participants (β=−0.15; P=0.26). Perceived racial discrimination was not related to cortisol concentrations or pain ratings.

Discussion:
Consistent with previous findings in young healthy adults, cold-pressor pain responses are related to pre-CPT cortisol concentrations in NHW persons with knee OA but not in their AA counterparts. Additional studies are required to better understand this finding.
Histopathological and Clinical Findings in Cutaneous Manifestation of Erdheim–Chester Disease and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Overlap Syndrome Associated With the BRAFV600E Mutation
Authors: Liersch Julia , Carlson J. Andrew , Schaller Jörg 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
The overlap of Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is more common than it was generally accepted. Both diseases seem to be linked by a mutation in oncogenic BRAFV600E, probably an early event which occurs in bone marrow progenitor cells. In this article are described the clinical and histological findings in 2 cases of ECD-LCH overlap syndrome bearing the BRAFV600E mutation in both ECD and LCH lesions in bone and skin. In one case, lesions of ECD and LCH were situated directly site-to-site in the same bone section leading to the assumption of a common myeloid precursor cell for these diseases. Furthermore, we focus on the histopathological diagnostic criteria of cutaneous involvement in ECD. Lesional tissue shows a dermal infiltrate of lipidized CD68+, CD163+, CD1a−, and langerin histiocytes admixed with Touton giant cells—a xanthogranulomatous phenotype. Often, this pattern of histopathology requires correlation with patterns of systemic involvement to differentiate ECD from other xanthogranulomatous infiltrates. This endeavor is of major importance to determine early diagnosis and treatment, because ECD often shows a poor prognosis compared with its differential diagnoses. Finally, adults who suffer from LCH and develop xanthogranulomatous infiltrates should always be screened for ECD-LCH overlap syndrome.
Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid and Dose Optimization in Children After Intestinal Transplantation
Authors: Barau Caroline , Mellos Antonio , Chhun Stéphanie , Lacaille Florence , Furlan Valérie 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (MPS) is now commonly used in pediatric intestinal transplantation (Tx), but to date, no clear recommendations regarding the dosing regimen have been made in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the MMF/MPS dosage required to achieve an area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0–12) for mycophenolic acid (MPA) greater than 30 mg·h−1·L−1 in children after intestinal transplantation.

Methods:
A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 8 children (median, 9.4 years; range, 0.75–15.8 years) at a median time of 113 months (range, 1.5–160 months) after intestinal transplantation.

Results:
MMF was initially introduced at a low median starting dose of 687 mg·m−2·d−1 (range, 310–1414 mg·m−2·d−1). One of the 3 patients who received MPS and 2 of the 6 patients who received MMF had an MPA AUC0–12 value below 30 mg.h.L−1. The median MMF dosage had to be increased by 91% (1319 mg·m−2·d−1 versus 687 mg·m−2·d−1) to reach AUC0–12 values above the defined target level of 30 mg·h−1·L−1.

Conclusions:
When used in combination with tacrolimus and steroids, an initial MMF dose of 600 mg/m2 twice a day would be recommended to children after intestinal transplantation to achieve MPA exposure similar to those observed in adults and children after the transplantation of other organs. Further studies are required to recommend a suitable dosage for pediatric intestinal transplant recipients who receive MPA.
Implantable Doppler Probes for Postoperatively Monitoring Free Flaps: Efficacy. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Tzu-Yen , Lee Yao-Chou , Lin You-Cheng , Wong Stanley Thian-Sze , Hsueh Yuan-Yu , Kuo Yao-Lung , Shieh Shyh-Jou , Lee Jing-Wei 
Published: November 2016

Background:Although clinical assessment remains the gold standard for monitoring the circulation of free flaps, several adjunct techniques promote timely salvage by detecting circulation compromise early. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of an implantable Doppler probe for postoperatively monitoring free flaps.Materials and Methods:English-language articles evaluating the efficacy of implantable Doppler probes compared with clinical assessment for postoperatively monitoring free flaps were analyzed. The outcome measures were total flap failure rates, salvage rates, sensitivity, false-positive rates, and positive likelihood ratios.Results:Of the 504 citations identified, 6 comparative studies were included for meta-analysis. An implantable Doppler probe significantly lowered the flap failure rate (risk ratio: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.21–0.75) and raised the successful salvage rate (risk ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.16–2.59). Pooled sensitivity was higher (1.00 vs 0.98), the positive likelihood ratio was lower (72.16 vs 220.48), and the false-positive rate was higher (0.01 vs 0) in the implantable Doppler probe group than in the clinical assessment group.Conclusion:An implantable Doppler probe is significantly more efficacious than clinical assessment for postoperatively monitoring free flaps.
Divided and Sliding Superficial Temporal Artery Flap for Primary Donor-site Closure
Authors: Sugio Yuta , Kubo Tateki , Seike Shien , Hosokawa Ko 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
Superficial temporal artery (STA) flaps are often used for reconstruction of hair-bearing areas. However, primary closure of the donor site is not easy when the size of the necessary skin island is relatively large. In such cases, skin grafts are needed at the donor site, resulting in baldness. We have solved this issue by applying the divided and sliding flap technique, which was first reported for primary donor-site closure of a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. We applied this technique to the hair-bearing STA flap, where primary donor-site closure is extremely beneficial for preventing baldness consequent to skin grafting. The STA flap was divided into 3, and creation of large flap was possible. Therefore, we concluded that the divided and sliding STA flap could at least partially solve the donor-site problem. Although further investigation is necessary to validate the maximum possible flap size, this technique may be applicable to at least small defects that are common after skin cancer ablation or trauma.
A Novel Technique That Protects the Lips during Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Kamochi Hideaki , Sugawara Yasushi , Uda Hirokazu , Sarukawa Shunji , Sunaga Ataru , Yoshimura Kotaro 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
Serious lip injuries can occur during orthognathic surgery. Although an Angle Wider device, which is commonly used during orthognathic surgery, provides some lip protection, it leaves more than half of the lip exposed to surgical instruments. Here, we describe a novel technique to protect the entire upper and lower lips during orthognathic surgery using a minilaparotomy wound edge protector (Lap-Protector). We used this method in 60 patients who have undergone orthognathic surgeries such as sagittal split ramus osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy since 2009, and no lip injuries have occurred. Although this technique can be somewhat challenging at first and creates some difficulty in exposing the surgical field on the lateral side, we believe that using a wound edge protector minimizes the risk of lip injury during orthognathic surgery.
Combined Use of an Anterolateral Thigh Flap and Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Flap for Reconstruction of an Extensive Abdominal Wall Defect
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Kagaya Yu , Arikawa Masaki , Kobayashi Eisuke 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
Reconstruction of large abdominal wall defects is challenging. We herein report the successful reconstruction of an extensive abdominal wall defect using a novel combination of flaps after sarcoma resection. A 74-year-old man presented with a dedifferentiated liposarcoma on his abdominal wall. He underwent excision of the tumor, which resulted in an extensive abdominal wall defect. The defect was reconstructed with a pedicled anterolateral thigh flap with an iliotibial tract and a pedicled superficial inferior epigastric artery flap. No skin graft was necessary. The wounds healed successfully, and no herniation occurred. The combination of an anterolateral thigh flap and a superficial inferior epigastric artery flap is a versatile option for reconstruction of extensive abdominal wall defects.
Determining Length and Position of Pedicle Vessels Using a Flap Model with Vascular Tape
Authors: Ishii Naohiro , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
In free-flap surgery, if the appropriate length of the pedicle and the distance necessary for separation of the artery and vein are determined earlier during flap elevation, the operative time and the stress placed on the flap pedicle can be reduced. However, the pedicle of a flap passes through 3-dimensional structures, particularly in head and neck reconstructions, and because of the difference in body shapes between individuals, even experienced microsurgeons may misjudge the required distance. To date, no easy method to counteract this problem has been reported. Accordingly, we have developed a technique for estimating the required pedicle length necessary for safe vascular anastomosis, as well as the distance necessary for separation of the artery and vein, by using a flap model with vascular tapes. Between June 2014 and April 2016, we applied our technique to 12 patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction and 1 patient undergoing breast reconstruction. In the 13 cases in which the present technique was used, we could estimate the length of each pedicle smoothly and efficiently. Furthermore, considerable excess or deficiency did not occur in the vascular anastomosis. The present technique is recommended as it allows the effective tailoring of the flap pedicle in free-flap surgery.
Clinical Evaluation of Large Diameter Rigid-Gas Permeable Versus Soft Toric Contact Lenses for the Correction of Refractive Astigmatism. A MultiCenter Study
Authors: Michaud Langis , Bennett Edward S. , Woo Stephanie L. , Reeder Renee , Morgan Bruce W. , Dinardo Amy , Harthan Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
This study aims to address the clinical performance of a large diameter rigid gas permeable lens (LRGP) in a group of subjects with low-to-moderate (0.75–2.75 D) refractive astigmatism. An additional goal was to determine whether soft toric or LRGP contact lenses performed better objectively in the correction of astigmatism and to determine which modality is preferred by subjects.

Methods:
This was a multisite prospective cross-over clinical study. Ten asymptomatic contact lens wearers per site (four university clinics) were recruited and randomly assigned to group A or group B. Group A was assigned to start wearing Comfilcon A soft toric lens first, for two weeks, and then crossed over to LRGP lenses (Boston XO, 14.3 mm diameter miniscleral lens). Group B initially wore LRGP lenses and then crossed over to soft toric lenses. For each type of lens worn, low-contrast and high-contrast visual acuity (VA) were evaluated at distance. At the conclusion of the study, after two months, all subjects completed a questionnaire in which they were asked to indicate their preference for one type of lens (soft toric or LRGP) and to rate the quality of vision in day-to-day activities.

Results:
Thirty-six of 38 (94.7%) subjects completed the study with 75% preferring the vision of the LRGP lens as compared to the soft toric lenses worn in the study. 52.7% expressed a preference to continue with this modality despite only 38.8% reporting that these LRGP lenses are easy or very easy to handle. Wear time, subjective comfort, and subjective vision ratings exhibited no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions:
In a population of asymptomatic contact lens wearers, LRGP lenses can be considered as a good alternative to soft toric lenses for the correction of refractive astigmatism.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Nonagenarians
Authors: Penkalla Adam , Kempfert Joerg , Unbehaun Axel , Buz Semih , Drews Thorsten , Pasic Miralem , Falk Volkmar 
Published: November 2016

Objective In this report, we assess the outcome of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in nonagenarians at our institution during a 6-year period. Methods Between April 2008 and July 2014, 40 patients with a mean ± SD age of 91.8 ± 2.3 years (range, 90–98 years) underwent TAVI. Thirty-three patients (82.5%) received transapical TAVI, and seven patients (17.5%) received transfemoral TAVI. Baseline characteristics were as follows: mean ± SD EuroSCORE II, 23.9 ± 14.21; mean ± SD Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality score, 24.2 ± 11.4; mean ± SD SYNTAX score, 7.6 ± 9.3; mean ± SD NYHA class, 3.5 ± 0.5; mean ± SD transvalvular gradient, 46.8 ± 17.8 mm Hg; mean ± SD aortic valve area, 0.7 ± 0.2 cm2. Results Intraoperative mortality was 2.5% and 30-day all-cause mortality was 10%. The actuarial survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 58.6% and 30.4%, respectively. Seven patients (17.5%) underwent simultaneous elective TAVI and percutaneous coronary intervention. Three patients (7.5%) were operated on with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. No conversion to open surgery occurred. In transesophageal echocardiography assessment, no moderate or severe prosthetic aortic valve regurgitation was observed. Four patients (10%) had postoperative acute renal failure stage 3 and needed new dialysis (P = 0.125). Three patients (7.5%) had a disabling stroke. Periprocedural myocardial infarction occurred in one patient (2.5%). Seven patients (17.5%) needed postoperative pacemaker implantation. Male sex and renal insufficiency were found to be predictors of mortality in univariable analysis. Conclusions Transcatheter aortic valve implantation can be performed in nonagenarians despite very high preoperative risk scores and substantial multimorbidity, with acceptable outcomes.