bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin compatibility and efficacy of a cosmetic skin care regimen with licochalcone A and 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol in patients with rosacea subtype I
Authors: Schoelermann A.M. , Weber T.M. , Arrowitz C. , Rizer R.L. , Qian K. , Babcock M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with rosacea often show facial sensitivity to cosmetics or skin care products that can influence the severity of symptoms and exacerbate erythema and inflammation. Nevertheless, special skin care is necessary to address cosmetic concerns and reduce the potential side‐effects of topical or oral treatment of the disease. Appropriate skin care should comprise gentle cleansing, effective moisturization, soothing actives, UV protection and concealing pigments to help neutralize the appearance of redness.ObjectiveTo determine the compatibility and efficacy of a skin care regimen (consisting of a cleanser, a day care with SPF25 and a night care) containing licochalcone A (Lic A), an anti‐irritant from the licorice plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, and 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol (SymSitive®), a substance which acts as a sensitivity regulator, in female subjects with clinically determined subtype I rosacea.MethodsThirty‐two test subjects with mild to moderate rosacea used the skin care regimen daily for 8 weeks. Clinical assessment of erythema, subjective irritation and clinical photography were performed at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks. Additionally, a quality‐of‐life questionnaire was filled out by the test subjects at baseline and week 8. The subjects completed a self‐assessment questionnaire on product properties after 4 and 8 weeks of product use.ResultsClinical assessments and subject response confirmed very good tolerability of the regimen, a statistically significant improvement in clinical grading for erythema and tactile roughness at weeks 4 and 8 and on telangiectasia at week 8 when compared to baseline scores. A statistically significant improvement in facial redness (a*) values, based on the L*a*b* colorimetric system, was determined at week 4 and 8 in comparison to baseline. No difference in corneometric measurement was detected at week 4 and 8 compared to baseline.ConclusionThe skin care regimen was found to be highly compatible with the sensitive facial skin of patients with rosacea subtype I and effective in improving signs of rosacea. Therefore, the daily use of skin care products containing LicA and SymSitive® in patients with rosacea improves the overall skin appearance and the quality of life of these patients.
Prediction of pharmacist intention to provide medication disposal education using the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Tai Bik‐Wai Bilvick , Hata Micah , Wu Stephanie , Frausto Sonya , Law Anandi V. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesLack of familiarity with proper medication disposal options among patients can lead to personal and environmental safety concerns, besides signalling non‐adherence. Given that community pharmacists are in a position to educate patients, this study assessed community pharmacists' knowledge on medication disposal and examined the utility of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting their intention to provide medication disposal education to their patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional, self‐administered survey was distributed to community pharmacists in California. Descriptive statistics were reported for all survey items. Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to determine the reliability for the four TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention). Multiple linear regressions were performed to predict intent using the other three TPB constructs.ResultsPharmacists (n = 142) demonstrated a positive intention to provide education (mean = 5.91 ± 1.22; range: 2 to 8), but most (67.9%) provided this information once a month or less. Attitude (β = 0.266, P = 0.001), subjective norm (β = 0.333, P < 0.001) and perceived behavioural control (β = 0.211, P = 0.009) were significant predictors of intention, accounting for 40.8% of the variance in intention to provide disposal education. Scale reliability ranged from 0.596 to 0.619 for the four constructs. Few pharmacists accurately selected all of the appropriate recommendations of disposal for non‐controlled and controlled substances (15.9% and 10.1%, respectively).ConclusionPharmacists showed favourable attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and intention in providing such education. However, their knowledge in this area may be lacking and they are not consistently providing this information to their patients.
Why is polypharmacy increasing in aged care facilities? The views of Australian health care professionals
Authors: Jokanovic Natali , Tan Edwin C. K. , Dooley Michael J. , Kirkpatrick Carl M. , Elliott Rohan A. , Bell J. Simon 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe prevalence of polypharmacy in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) is high and increasing. Although not necessarily inappropriate, polypharmacy has been associated with drug interactions, adverse drug events, geriatric syndromes and hospital admissions. The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize factors contributing to the increasing prevalence of polypharmacy in RACFs.MethodsSeventeen health care professionals from metropolitan and regional Victoria and South Australia identified and prioritized factors using a modified nominal group technique.ResultsThe top five factors ranked from most important to fifth most important were ‘changes in resident mix’, ‘increasing numbers of prescribers and the reluctance of one prescriber to discontinue a medicine commenced by another prescriber’, ‘better adherence to clinical practice guidelines’, ‘increasing reliance on locums’ and ‘greater recognition and pharmacological management of pain’.ConclusionsReasons for the increase in polypharmacy are multifactorial. Understanding the factors contributing to polypharmacy may help to guide future research and develop interventions to manage polypharmacy in RACFs.
Prospecting and Exploring Anthropogenic Resource Deposits: The Case Study of Vienna's Subway Network
Authors: Lederer Jakob , Kleemann Fritz , Ossberger Markus , Rechberger Helmut , Fellner Johann 
Published: January 2016

SummaryUrban mining is seen as a key strategy for the recovery of secondary raw materials from the built environment. Although large material stocks have been reported in infrastructure networks, their actual recoverability over time has received little attention so far. This article presents a case study on the prospection and exploration of the anthropogenic resources deposited in Vienna's subway network. After quantifying the built‐in materials in the network, a resource classification was performed, distinguishing between (1) materials that have to be replaced and are thus potentially extractable as secondary raw materials after a considerable time span (<100 years) and (2) materials remaining in the subway and thus are not extractable. Results given in tonnes (t) show that the subway network consists mainly of concrete (12,000,000 t), iron & steel (600,000 t), gravel (300,000 t), bricks (250,000 t), copper (10,000 t), and aluminum (6,000 t). A first evaluation demonstrated that 3% of the built‐in materials (mainly copper, aluminum, and gravel) have to be renewed after a considerable time span (<100 years) and, consequently, can be seen as potentially extractable resources. Ninety‐seven percent of the built‐in materials were classified as not extractable (mainly concrete, iron & steel, and bricks), because they were found in permanent structures and lines that have been declared as cultural heritage monuments. For the materials that were found to be potentially extractable as secondary raw materials, a further investigation that particularly considers their end of life in practice and the existence of a hibernating stock is required.
Effect of continuous aerobic vs. interval training on selected anthropometrical, physiological and functional parameters of adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Boer P.H. , Moss S. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundA large percentage of adults with Down syndrome (DS) are overweight and have extremely low aerobic capacities compared with the general population and persons with intellectual disability without DS. Previous aerobic training intervention studies showed limited potential to significantly ameliorate anthropometrical and cardiovascular variables. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of continuous aerobic training (CAT) vs. interval training (IT) on selected anthropometrical, health, physical and functional parameters of adults with DS.MethodsForty‐two adults with DS (25 men and 17 women) and a mean age of 33.8 (±8.6) years were randomly allocated to one of three groups (IT, CAT and control). Training was performed for 12 weeks. The IT group performed 10–30 s all out sprints with 90 s (1:3 work‐rest ratio) of low cadence, low intensity cycling or walking. The CAT group performed continuous cycling and walking at an intensity of 70–80% of VO2 peak. Heart rate monitors were used for monitoring training intensities. After 6 weeks of training, the intensity of the CAT was increased to 85% of VO2 peak, whilst the intensity of the IT group remained ‘all out’. An increase of 5 min in duration was implemented after 6 weeks for both training groups. To evaluate pre–post differences between groups, a repeated analysis of covariance with post hoc Bonferroni test was performedResultsAfter 12 weeks of training, body weight and body mass index decreased significantly more in the IT group compared with control and CAT (P < 0.05). Participants in the IT group decreased their body weight from 71.4 ± 8 to 69.4 ± 8 kg and their body mass index from 29.3 ± 4 to 28.5 ± 4 kg/m2. Significant ameliorations for functional parameters and leg strength were shown for CAT compared with control (P < 0.05). Participants in the CAT group improved their performance in the 6 minute walk distance (499 ± 78 to 563 ± 75 m), 8‐ft up‐and‐go (5.9 ± 1.2 to 4.8 ± 0.9) and leg strength (13.1 ± 2 to 15.2 ± 2). VO2 peak and time to exhaustion significantly improved in both the IT and CAT group compared with control (P < 0.01). Moreover, a significant improvement for relative VO2 peak was also determined for IT compared with CAT (P < 0.05). Participants in the IT group increased their VO2 peak from 32 ± 8 to 37 ± 8 mL/min/kg. Submaximal heart rate and VO2 values improved significantly within both exercise groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionInterval training and CAT can both be pursued by adults with DS to positively impact on various parameters of anthropometry, fitness and functional ability, with IT more appropriate for improving body weight and aerobic capacity.
Comparing the quality of life of adults with and without intellectual disability
Authors: Simões C. , Santos S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life (QOL) is an important issue for all citizens, comprising equity, equality, inclusion and participation of each person in society. The research purposes driving this investigation were (1) to compare QOL among people with and without intellectual disability (ID) and (2) to examine the predictors of QOL in both groups of participants.MethodsData were collected from 1929 adults, including 1264 individuals with an ID and the remainder (n = 665) were participants without a disability. QOL was assessed by the Portuguese version of the Personal Outcomes Scale.ResultsThe findings supported significantly higher QOL for adults without ID. Furthermore, QOL is influenced by individual and environmental variables, stressing that the health status was the highest mutual predictor of QOL among those with and without ID.ConclusionThe gaps among both groups of participants should be addressed in service provision and policies. Taking into account the research findings, the personalised supports should enable the full inclusion and participation of adults with ID in community‐based settings.
Life After Bariatric Surgery: Perceptions of Male Patients and Their Intimate Relationships
Authors: Moore Darren D. , Cooper Clinton E. 
Published: January 2016

This study explores the experiences of 20 men who have had bariatric surgery, focusing on their couple or marital relationships. The researcher concentrates on men's perspectives regarding relationship satisfaction, sexual intimacy, and social support after surgical intervention. Phenomenology and family systems theory were used to guide the study from which emerged three themes: (a) Unintended consequences (unpredicted problems occurring within intimate relationships); (b) Intimacy as bittersweet (experiencing increasing levels of intimacy, while still desiring more); and (c) Inconsistent social support (experiencing instances where social support is provided, while simultaneously experiencing other areas where social support is not provided). The study includes a rich description of the data, critical analysis, and discussion of clinical implications for therapists and other healthcare professionals.
Mechanical Properties and Simulated Aging of Silicone Maxillofacial Elastomers: Advancements in the Past 45 Years
Authors: Hatamleh Muhanad M. , Polyzois Gregory L. , Nuseir Amjad , Hatamleh Khaldoun , Alnazzawi Ahmad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeTo identify and discuss the findings of publications on mechanical behavior of maxillofacial prosthetic materials published since 1969.MethodsOriginal experimental articles reporting on mechanical properties of maxillofacial prosthetic materials were included. A two‐stage search of the literature, electronic and hand search, identified relevant published studies up to May 2015. An extensive electronic search was conducted of databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Included primary studies (n = 63) reported on tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of maxillofacial prosthetic materials at baseline and after aging.ResultsThe search revealed 63 papers, with more than 28 papers being published in the past 10 years, which shows an increased number of publications when compared to only 6 papers published in the 1970s. The increase is linear with significant correlation (r = 0.85). Such an increase reflects great awareness and continued developments and warrants more research in the field of maxillofacial prosthetic materials properties; however, it is difficult to directly compare results, as studies varied in maxillofacial prosthetic materials tested with various silicone elastomers being heavily investigated, standards followed in preparing test specimens, experimental testing protocols, and parameters used in setting simulated aging conditionings.ConclusionIt is imperative to overcome the existing variability by establishing unified national or international standards/specifications for maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Standardization organizations or bodies, the scientific community, and academia need to be coordinated to achieve this goal. In the meantime and despite all of these theoretically significant alternatives, clinical practice still faces problems with serviceability of maxillofacial prostheses.
Perfectionistic Concerns, Social Negativity, and Subjective Well‐Being: A Test of the Social Disconnection Model
Authors: Mackinnon Sean P. , Kehayes Ivy‐Lee L. , Leonard Kenneth E. , Fraser Ronald , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPartner‐specific perfectionistic concerns (PC) include concern over mistakes, self‐criticism, and socially prescribed perfectionism as it pertains to one's partner. The social disconnection model proposes that PC influences well‐being indirectly through interpersonal problems. Thus, we hypothesized that social negativity (expressed anger, hostility, and rejection) would mediate the relationship between dyadic PC and subjective well‐being. Data from 203 romantic dyads (92.1% heterosexual) were collected using self‐report surveys and a four‐wave, 4‐week longitudinal design. Participants were predominantly female (53.1%), young (M = 22.69 years), and Caucasian (82.3%). Data were analyzed using an actor‐partner interdependence model with multilevel structural equation modeling. There were significant actor effects at the between‐subjects and within‐subjects levels, and significant partner effects for the relationship between PC and social negativity at the within‐subject level. Social negativity mediated the relationships between PC and both negative affect and life satisfaction. However, positive affect was more weakly related to PC and social negativity. The social disconnection model was supported. PC was positively associated with one's own social negativity and evoked hostile behaviors from one's partner. Hostile, rejecting behaviors reduced the well‐being of the actor, but not the partner. Results suggest perfectionism may be best understood within an interpersonal context.
Hatching plasticity in response to salinity levels in a rhacophorid frog inhabiting a coastal area
Authors: Haramura T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEmbryos within egg capsules often suffer mortality risk from abiotic and biotic factors, and embryos have a few options available for their defence. Altering timing of hatching is one of the defensive behaviours against risk of egg mortality. However, inappropriate hatching timing, such as early hatching may incur a cost because of a reduction in body size and developmental stage at hatching. Therefore, embryos within egg capsules need accurate information about their egg‐mortality risk to adjust their hatching timing. To examine whether embryos are able to detect the risk level of egg mortality and adjust hatching timing accordingly, embryos are exposed within egg capsules of a frog, Buergeria japonica, to different salinity levels. Salinity is a major mortality risk for amphibian eggs, and eggs of this frog are exposed to unexpected salinity fluctuation because spawning occurs in coastal areas. When exposed to high salinity, embryos of B. japonica hatched earlier than those exposed to low salinity. Especially, when transferred to salinity levels of 5‰ or more, embryos hatched almost immediately. Hatchlings that emerged earlier showed small body size, earlier developmental stage and low swimming performance, whereas hatchlings that emerged from egg capsules later had larger body mass and better swimming performance. This study demonstrated that salinity is one of the triggers that induce early hatching in amphibians, and embryos of B. japonica adjust hatching timing based on salinity differences.
Discrimination in the Credit Market? Access to Financial Capital among Self‐employed Immigrants
Authors: Aldén Lina , Hammarstedt Mats 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe present results from a unique combination of survey and register data regarding access to financial capital conducted among immigrants who are self‐employed in private firms in Sweden's retail, trade, and service sectors. This study is the first to examine discrimination against self‐employed immigrants in the credit market of a developed economy outside the US. The results demonstrate that non‐European immigrants consider access to financial capital a more serious impediment to their self‐employment activities than do native Swedes and European immigrants. Self‐employed non‐European immigrants report more discrimination by banks, suppliers, and customers than do natives and immigrants from European countries. Immigrant‐owned firms apply for bank loans to a larger extent than do firms owned by natives. Non‐European immigrants especially are more likely than natives to have a loan denied, and they are also charged higher interest rates on their bank loans than natives. The results are robust to various different robustness checks. The occurrence of ethnic discrimination in the market for bank loans is put forward as an explanation for these results. Limited or lack of access to financial capital is a major obstacle to self‐employment among certain immigrant groups. This obstacle may be one explanation for the high exit rates from self‐employment among immigrants, a finding that has been documented in several countries including Sweden.
The Long Shadows of Spanish and French Colonial Education
Authors: Feldmann Horst 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBoth Spanish and French colonial education included several features that restricted education. Many of them persisted long after independence. Against this background, this paper econometrically studies whether in the recent past the colonial legacy still affected schooling in the ex‐colonies of these two former colonial powers – and, for comparison, in the ex‐colonies of Britain, the third of the former big three colonial powers. Using a large sample of countries and numerous controls, it finds substantial negative effects on both secondary enrollment and average years of schooling in former French and, especially, in former Spanish colonies. The negative effects on females are particularly large. By contrast, there are no effects in former British colonies.
Decomposing Welfare Wedges: An Analysis of Welfare Dependence of Immigrants and Natives in Europe
Authors: Huber Peter , Oberdabernig Doris A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe study the reasons for differences in welfare benefit receipt between immigrants and natives in 16 EU countries using Oaxaca‐Blinder decompositions of a Heckman model. Differences in welfare benefit receipt diminish or disappear altogether after controlling for differences in characteristics of the two groups. The largest part of this is explained by differences in benefit take‐up rather than benefit levels conditional on benefit receipt. The characteristics contributing most to native–immigrant welfare wedges in contributory benefits are differences in age. For non‐contributory benefits, differences in household size and composition are most important. Overall results thus suggest a limited capability of selective immigration policies to reduce welfare benefit receipt among immigrants.
Environmental Quality and International Migration
Authors: Xu Xu , Sylwester Kevin 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAnecdotal evidence suggests that people migrate to avoid air pollution. In this paper, we empirically examine the extent to which air pollution is a push factor for international migration. We allow air pollution to affect migrants differently according to their educational attainment as well as their gender. We also instrument for the level of pollution. Results generally show that air pollution is positively associated with emigration for higher educated individuals but less so for those with less educational attainment. Gender differences are less pronounced.