bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrinkle and roughness measurement by the Antera 3D and its application for evaluation of cosmetic products
Authors: Messaraa C. , Metois A. , Walsh M. , Hurley S. , Doyle L. , Mansfield A. , O'Connor C. , Mavon A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkin topographic measurements are of paramount importance in the field of dermo‐cosmetic evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate how the Antera 3D, a multi‐purpose handheld camera, correlates with other topographic techniques and changes in skin topography following the use of a cosmetic product.MethodsSkin topographic measurements were collected on 26 female volunteers aged 45‐70 years with the Antera 3D, the DermaTOP and image analysis on parallel‐polarized pictures. Different filters for analysis from the Antera 3D were investigated for repeatability, correlations with other imaging techniques and ability to detect improvements of skin topography following application of a serum.ResultsMost of Antera 3D parameters were found to be strongly correlated with the DermaTOP parameters. No association was found between the Antera 3D parameters and measurements on parallel‐polarized photographs. The measurements repeatability was comparable among the different filters for analysis, with the exception of wrinkle max depth and roughness Rt. Following a single application of a tightening serum, both Antera 3D wrinkles and texture parameters were able to record significant improvements, with the best improvements observed with the large filter.ConclusionThe Antera 3D demonstrated its relevance for cosmetic product evaluation. We also provide recommendations for the analysis based on our findings.
Potential evidence for slab detachment from the flexural backstripping of a foredeep: Insight on the evolution of the Pescara basin (Italy)
Authors: Mancinelli Paolo , Pauselli Cristina , Minelli Giorgio , Barchi Massimiliano R. , Simpson Guy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe discrepancy between the size of the Apenninic chain and the depth of the Adriatic foredeep is investigated using 2D flexural backstripping on well‐constrained depth‐converted cross‐sections in the Pescara basin (Central Italy). The procedure consisted of removal, uplift, unfolding and unfaulting of the Pliocene–Pleistocene foreland deposits to produce a palaeogeographic map of the basin at the end of the Messinian and to constrain sedimentary rates since the Miocene. Results are found to support the contribution of an external load to the foreland evolution together with the Apenninic chain load. The interplay of the two types of loads resulted in spatial and temporal variations of the foredeep evolution that are quantified by palaeogeographic maps and sedimentation rates obtained through backstripping. Results are interpreted as representing the effects of a southward‐migrating wave linked to slab detachment beneath the Adriatic foredeep. This procedure can be useful to investigate similar problems on other chains worldwide.
Best practice in critical care: anaemia in acute and critical illness
Authors: Docherty A. B. , Turgeon A. F. , Walsh T. S. 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYAnaemia is common in critical illness, and standard treatment is red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, typically using a restrictive transfusion threshold of 70 g L−1. However, there are subgroups of patients in whom it is biologically plausible that a higher transfusion threshold may be beneficial, namely, acute sepsis, traumatic brain injury and coexisting cardiovascular disease. In this review article, we will discuss the pathophysiology of anaemia, as well as its prevalence and time course. We will explore the limitations of using haemoglobin concentration as a surrogate for oxygen delivery and the concept of the critical haemoglobin concentration. We will then discuss transfusion thresholds for the general intensive care unit (ICU) population and specific subgroups.
English in a multilingual Algeria
Authors: Belmihoub Kamal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe presence of English in the former French colony of Algeria has been dramatically increasing. The impact of the language in Algeria has fluctuated due to sociopolitical instability in the late 1980s and 1990s. Prior to describing the impact of English, some general background about the country is provided, along with a brief historical overview of the linguistic diversity. Historical highlights of the spread of English in Algeria are also described. A profile of the users of English in the Maghreb nation is detailed as well, before discussing the various uses of English in various domains. The competition between English and French for linguistic territory is also discussed.
The role of nitric oxide in the cardiopulmonary response to hypoxia in highland and lowland newborn llamas
Authors: Reyes Roberto V. , Díaz Marcela , Ebensperger Germán , Herrera Emilio A. , Quezada Sebastián A. , Hernandez Ismael , Sanhueza Emilia M. , Parer Julian T. , Giussani Dino A. , Llanos Aníbal J. 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Perinatal hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension in neonates, including humans. However, in species adapted to hypoxia, such as the llama, there is protection against pulmonary hypertension.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilatator with an established role in the cardiopulmonary system of many species, but its function in the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response in the newborn llama is unknown. Therefore, we studied the role of NO in the cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia in high‐ and lowland newborn llamas.
We show that high‐ compared to lowland newborn llamas have a reduced pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to acute hypoxia. Protection against excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction in the highland llama is mediated via enhancement of NO pathways, including increased MYPT1 and reduced ROCK expression as well as Ca2+ desensitization.
Blunting of pulmonary hypertensive responses to hypoxia through enhanced NO pathways may be an adaptive mechanism to withstand life at high altitude in the newborn llama.
AbstractLlamas are born in the Alto Andino with protection against pulmonary hypertension. The physiology underlying protection against pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to acute hypoxia in highland species is unknown. We determined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia in high‐ and lowland newborn llamas. The cardiopulmonary function of newborn llamas born at low (580 m) or high altitude (3600 m) was studied under acute hypoxia, with and without NO blockade. In pulmonary arteries, we measured the reactivity to potassium and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and in lung we determined the content of cGMP and the expression of the NO‐related proteins: BKCa, PDE5, PSer92‐PDE5, PKG‐1, ROCK1 and 2, MYPT1, PSer695‐MYPT1, PThr696‐MYPT1, MLC20 and PSer19‐MLC20. Pulmonary vascular remodelling was evaluated by morphometry and based on α‐actin expression. High‐ compared to lowland newborn llamas showed lower in vivo pulmonary arterial pressor responses to acute hypoxia. This protection involved enhanced NO function, as NO blockade reverted the effect and the pulmonary arterial dilatator response to SNP was significantly enhanced in highland neonates. The pulmonary expression of ROCK2 and the phosphorylation of MLC20 were lower in high‐altitude llamas. Conversely, MYPT1 was up‐regulated whilst PSer695‐MYPT1 and PThr695‐MYPT1 did not change. Enhanced NO‐dependent mechanisms were insufficient to prevent pulmonary arterial remodelling. Combined, the data strongly support that in the highland newborn llama reduced ROCK, increased MYPT1 expression and Ca2+ desensitization in pulmonary tissue allow an enhanced NO biology to limit hypoxic pulmonary constrictor responses. Blunting of hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive responses may be an adaptive mechanism to life at high altitude.
A calcium optimum for cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Friedmann Kim S. , Lyrmann Hélène , Zhou Yan , Schoppmeyer Rouven , Knörck Arne , Mang Sebastian , Hoxha Cora , Angenendt Adrian , Backes Christian S. , Mangerich Carmen , Zhao Renping , Cappello Sabrina , Schwär Gertrud , Hässig Carmen , Neef Marc , Bufe Bernd , Zufall Frank , Kruse Karsten , Niemeyer Barbara A. , Lis Annette , Qu Bin , Kummerow Carsten , Schwarz Eva C. , Hoth Markus 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells are required to eliminate cancer cells.
We analysed the Ca2+ dependence of CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity and found that in particular CTLs have a very low optimum of [Ca2+]i (between 122 and 334 nm) and [Ca2+]o (between 23 and 625 μm) for efficient cancer cell elimination, well below blood plasma Ca2+ levels.
As predicted from these results, partial down‐regulation of the Ca2+ channel Orai1 in CTLs paradoxically increases perforin‐dependent cancer cell killing.
Lytic granule release at the immune synapse between CTLs and cancer cells has a Ca2+ optimum compatible with this low Ca2+ optimum for efficient cancer cell killing, whereas the Ca2+ optimum for CTL migration is slightly higher and proliferation increases monotonously with increasing [Ca2+]o.
We propose that a partial inhibition of Ca2+ signals by specific Orai1 blockers at submaximal concentrations could contribute to tumour elimination.
AbstractCytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells are required to protect the human body against cancer. Ca2+ is a key metabolic factor for lymphocyte function and cancer homeostasis. We analysed the Ca2+ dependence of CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells and found that CTLs have a bell‐shaped Ca2+ dependence with an optimum for cancer cell elimination at rather low [Ca2+]o (23–625 μm) and [Ca2+]i (122–334 nm). This finding predicts that a partial inhibition of Orai1 should increase (rather than decrease) cytotoxicity of CTLs at [Ca2+]o higher than 625 μm. We tested this hypothesis in CTLs and indeed found that partial down‐regulation of Orai1 by siRNA increases the efficiency of cancer cell killing. We found two mechanisms that may account for the Ca2+ optimum of cancer cell killing: (1) migration velocity and persistence have a moderate optimum between 500 and 1000 μm [Ca2+]o in CTLs, and (2) lytic granule release at the immune synapse between CTLs and cancer cells is increased at 146 μm compared to 3 or 800 μm, compatible with the Ca2+ optimum for cancer cell killing. It has been demonstrated in many cancer cell types that Orai1‐dependent Ca2+ signals enhance proliferation. We propose that a decrease of [Ca2+]o or partial inhibition of Orai1 activity by selective blockers in the tumour microenvironment could efficiently reduce cancer growth by simultaneously increasing CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity and decreasing cancer cell proliferation.
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Recovery of Citrus By-Products and Specialty Products From Florida Citrus
Authors: Kesterson J. W. , Braddock R. J. , Crandall P. G. 
Published: January 2018

The Florida Citrus Industry has come to realize that by-products and specialty products are important ingredients in the overall economic returns from citrus processing. The purpose of this paper is to show the potential recoveries of various commodities that can be produced from Valencia oranges, Marsh and Duncan grapefruit. It is hoped that these data will generate interest in improving present processes to obtain greater recoveries, and at the same time create a desire on the part of citrus processors to produce more sophisticated specialty products of greater economic value. Many different trade-offs and options are available in any given by-product operation, and it must be realized that not all of the products discussed can be produced simultaneously. Certainly future profits to a great extent, will be dependent on an adequate understanding of a more sophisticated by-product and specialty product technology.
Paper published with permission.
An Untapped Management Resource
Authors: Hoffman William E. , Matchett Paul 
Published: January 2018

In the early 70’s, an effort began to develop an automated test for Brix and Acid in citrus juices. The W.B. Dickey Company, Toledo Scale Company, the Fruit and Vegetable Inspection Divisions of the Winter Haven office of the Florida Department of Agriculture, and the Citrus Research Station of Lake Alfred worked over a five year period before the first fully automated system was ready. In 1977, five of these systems were placed in State Test Labs where for the most part, the performed as predicted. In the ensuing years additional systems have been purchased, improvements in the testing process made, and additional functions added.
Paper published with permission.
Programmable Logic Controllers
Authors: Sages Terence M. 
Published: January 2018

The use of the programmable logic controller has advanced tremendously since its introduction in the late 1960’s. The programmable logic controller, affectionately known as the PLC in today’s industries, was first introduced as an electrical control relay replacer. The purpose of this paper is to assist those who are considering the application of a PLC in their facility to better understand where programmable logic controller technology has advanced to today.
Paper published with permission.
Novel Method Reveals a Narrow Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial Dispersers in Environmental Communities Exposed to Low-Hydration Conditions
Authors: Krüger U. S. , Bak F. , Aamand J. , Nybroe O. , Badawi N. , Smets B. F. , Dechesne A. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we developed a method that provides profiles of community-level surface dispersal from environmental samples under controlled hydration conditions and enables us to isolate and uncover the diversity of the fastest bacterial dispersers. The method expands on the porous surface model (PSM), previously used to monitor the dispersal of individual bacterial strains in liquid films at the surface of a porous ceramic disc. The novel procedure targets complex communities and captures the dispersed bacteria on a solid medium for growth and detection. The method was first validated by distinguishing motilePseudomonas putidaandFlavobacterium johnsoniaestrains from their nonmotile mutants. Applying the method to soil and lake water bacterial communities showed that community-scale dispersal declined as conditions became drier. However, for both communities, dispersal was detected even under low-hydration conditions (matric potential, −3.1 kPa) previously proven too dry forP. putidastrain KT2440 motility. We were then able to specifically recover and characterize the fastest dispersers from the inoculated communities. For both soil and lake samples, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that the fastest dispersers were substantially less diverse than the total communities. The dispersing fraction of the soil microbial community was dominated byPseudomonasspecies cells, which increased in abundance under low-hydration conditions, while the dispersing fraction of the lake community was dominated byAeromonasspecies cells and, under wet conditions (−0.5 kPa), also byExiguobacteriumspecies cells. The results gained in this study bring us a step closer to assessing the dispersal ability within complex communities under environmentally relevant conditions.IMPORTANCEDispersal is a key process of bacterial community assembly, and yet, very few attempts have been made to assess bacterial dispersal at the community level, as the focus has previously been on pure-culture studies. A crucial factor for dispersal in habitats where hydration conditions vary, such as soils, is the thickness of the liquid films surrounding solid surfaces, but little is known about how the ability to disperse in such films varies within bacterial communities. Therefore, we developed a method to profile community dispersal and identify fast dispersers on a rough surface resembling soil surfaces. Our results suggest that within the motile fraction of a bacterial community, only a minority of the bacterial types are able to disperse in the thinnest liquid films. During dry periods, these efficient dispersers can gain a significant fitness advantage through their ability to colonize new habitats ahead of the rest of the community.
Programme frequency, type, time and duration do not explain the effects of balance exercise in older adults: a systematic review with a meta-regression analysis
Authors: Farlie Melanie K , Robins Lauren , Haas Romi , Keating Jennifer L , Molloy Elizabeth , Haines Terry P 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of different balance exercise interventions compared with non-balance exercise controls on balance task performance in older adults.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until July 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSystematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised trials of balance exercise interventions for older adults were identified for extraction of eligible randomised trials. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of randomised trials in meta-analyses were comparison of a balance exercise intervention with a control group that did not perform balance exercises, report of at least one end-intervention balance outcome measurement that was consistent with the five subgroups of balance exercise identified, and full-text article available in English.ResultsNinety-five trials were included in meta-analyses and 80 in meta-regressions. For four balance exercise types (control centre of mass, multidimensional, mobility and reaching), significant effects for balance exercise interventions were found in meta-analyses (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.31–0.50), however with considerable heterogeneity in observed effects (I2: 50.4%–80.6%). Risk of bias assessments (Physiotherapy Evidence Database score and funnel plots) did not explain heterogeneity. One significant relationship identified in the meta-regressions of SMD and balance exercise frequency, time and duration explained 2.1% of variance for the control centre of mass subgroup.ConclusionLimitations to this study included the variability in design of balance interventions, incomplete reporting of data and statistical heterogeneity. The design of balance exercise programmes provides inadequate explanation of the observed benefits of these interventions.
Role of organisational factors on the ‘weekend effect’ in critically ill patients in Brazil: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Zampieri Fernando G , Lisboa Thiago C , Correa Thiago D , Bozza Fernando A , Ferez Marcus , Fernandes Haggeas S , Japiassú André M , Verdeal Juan Carlos R , Carvalho Ana Cláudia P , Knibel Marcos F , Mazza Bruno F , Colombari Fernando , Vieira José Mauro , Viana William N , Costa Roberto , Godoy Michele M , Maia Marcelo O , Caser Eliana B , Salluh Jorge I F , Soares Marcio 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionHigher mortality for patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) during the weekends has been occasionally reported with conflicting results that could be related to organisational factors. We investigated the effects of ICU organisational and staffing patterns on the potential association between weekend admission and outcomes in critically ill patients.MethodsWe included 59 614 patients admitted to 78 ICUs participating during 2013. We defined ‘weekend admission’ as any ICU admission from Friday 19:00 until Monday 07:00. We assessed the association between weekend admission with hospital mortality using a mixed logistic regression model controlling for both patient-level (illness severity, age, comorbidities, performance status and admission type) and ICU-level (decrease in nurse/bed ratio on weekend, full-time intensivist coverage, use of checklists on weekends and number of institutional protocols) confounders. We performed secondary analyses in the subgroup of scheduled surgical admissions.ResultsA total of 41 894 patients (70.3%) were admitted on weekdays and 17 720 patients (29.7%) on weekends. In univariable analysis, weekend admitted patients had higher ICU (10.9% vs 9.0%, P<0.001) and hospital (16.5% vs 13.5%, P<0.001) mortality. After adjusting for confounders, weekend admission was not associated with higher hospital mortality (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.12, P=0.095). However, a ‘weekend effect’ was still observed in scheduled surgical admissions, as well as in ICUs not using checklists during the weekends. For unscheduled admissions, no ‘weekend effect’ was observed regardless of ICU’s characteristics. For scheduled surgical admissions, a ‘weekend effect’ was present only in ICUs with a low number of implemented protocols and those with a reduction in the nurse/bed ratio and not applying checklists during weekends.ConclusionsICU organisational factors, such as decreased nurse-to-patient ratio, absence of checklists and fewer standardised protocols, may explain, in part, increases in mortality in patients admitted to the ICU mortality on weekends.
Association between body mass index and obesity-related cancer risk in men and women with type 2 diabetes in primary care in the Netherlands: a cohort study (ZODIAC-56)
Authors: Hendriks Steven H , Schrijnders Dennis , van Hateren Kornelis JJ , Groenier Klaas H , Siesling Sabine , Maas Angela H E M , Landman Gijs W D , Bilo Henk J G , Kleefstra N 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related cancers in men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignObservational cohort study.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsA total of 52 044 patients with T2D who participated in the ZODIAC (Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care) study between 1998 and 2012 was included (49% women). A dataset of these patients was linked to available information of the Netherlands Cancer Registry to obtain data on cancer incidents.Primary outcome measuresAnalyses were performed for the total group of obesity-related cancers and for non-sex-specific and sex-specific obesity-related cancers (in men: advanced prostate cancer, in women: ovarian, endometrial and postmenopausal breast cancer).ResultsThe median follow-up period in all analyses was 3.1 (1.7–5.0) years in men and 3.1 (1.7–5.1) in women. During follow-up, 689 men and 914 women were diagnosed with an obesity-related cancer. In men, BMI was associated with a higher risk of the total group of obesity-related cancers and non-sex-specific obesity-related cancers (HR (per 5 kg/m2increase) 1.12 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.23) and HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.31)). No association was found with prostate cancer. In women, an association between BMI and all obesity-related cancers combined and sex-specific obesity-related cancers was present (HR 1.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.22) and HR 1.22 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.32)). No association with non-sex-specific cancers was found in women.ConclusionsBMI is associated with obesity-related cancers in men with T2D, except with advanced prostate cancer. The results of this study provide reason to reconsider the classification of advanced prostate cancer as an obesity-related cancer, at least in T2D. In women, BMI is associated with the total group of obesity-related cancers and with sex-specific obesity-related cancers.