bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 6‐month, prospective, randomized controlled trial of customized adherence enhancement versus a bipolar‐specific educational control in poorly adherent adolescents and young adults living with bipolar disorder
Authors: Levin Jennifer B. , DelBello Melissa , Modi Avani C. , Briggs Farren , Forthun Larry F. , McVoy Molly , Yala Joy , Cooley Raechel , Black Jessica , Conroy Carla , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have addressed medication adherence in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with bipolar disorder (BD). This 6‐month prospective randomized‐controlled trial (RCT) tested customized adherence enhancement for adolescents and young adults (CAE‐AYA), a behavioral intervention for AYAs versus enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU).MethodsInclusion criteria were AYAs age 13–21 with BD type I or II with suboptimal adherence defined as missing ≥20% of medications. Assessments were conducted at Screening, Baseline, and weeks 8, 12 and 24. Primary outcome was past 7 day self‐reported Tablets Routine Questionnaire (TRQ) validated by electronic pillbox monitoring (SimpleMed). Symptom measures included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).ResultsThe mean sample age (N = 36) was 19.1 years (SD = 2.0); 66.7% (N = 24) female, BD Type I (81%). The mean missed medication on TRQ for the total sample was 35.4% (SD = 28.8) at screening and 30.4% (SD = 30.5) at baseline. Both CAE‐AYA and ETAU improved on TRQ from screening to baseline. Baseline mean missed medication using SimpleMed was 51.6% (SD = 38.5). Baseline HAM‐D and YMRS means were 7.1 (SD = 4.7) and 6.0 (SD = 7.3), respectively. Attrition rate at week 24 was 36%. Baseline to 24‐week change on TRQ, adjusting for age, gender, educational level, living situation, family history, race, and ethnicity, showed improvement favoring CAE‐AYA versus ETAU of 15%. SimpleMed interpretation was limited due to substantial missing data. There was a significant reduction in depression favoring CAE‐AYA.ConclusionsCAE‐AYA may improve adherence in AYAs with BD, although conclusions need to be made cautiously given study limitations.Clinical Trials RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04348604.
Deficiency of 5‐HT2B receptors alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage phenotype through inhibiting interferon signalling
Authors: Liu Yahan , Wang Zhipeng , Fang Li , Xu Yaohua , Zhao Beilei , Kang Xuya , Zhao Yanqing , Han Jintao , Zhang Yan , Dong Erdan , Wang Nanping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeElevated levels of 5‐HT have been correlated with coronary artery disease and cardiac events, suggesting 5‐HT is a potential novel factor in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms of the 5‐HT system in atherosclerosis remain unclear. The 5‐HT2B receptor (5‐HT2BR), which establishes a positive feedback loop with 5‐HT, has been identified as a contributor to pathophysiological processes in various vascular disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunological impact of 5‐HT2BR in atherosclerosis‐prone apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice.Experimental ApproachPlasma levels of 5‐HT were measured in mice using an ELISA kit. Atherosclerotic plaque formation, macrophage infiltration and inflammatory signalling were assessed in ApoE−/− mice by employing both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deficiency of 5‐HT2BR. Inflammasome activation was elucidated using peritoneal macrophages isolated from 5‐HT2BR‐deficient mice.Key ResultsAn upregulation of 5‐HT2BR expression was observed in the aortas of ApoE−/− mice, exhibiting a strong correlation with the presence of macrophages in plaques. Atherosclerosis was attenuated in mice through pharmacological inhibition and genetic deficiency of 5‐HT2BR. Additionally, a significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque size was achieved through bone marrow reconstitution with 5‐HT2BR‐deficient cells. 5‐HT2BR‐deficient macrophages showed attenuated interferon (IFN) signalling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and interleukin‐1β release. Moreover, macrophages primed with 5‐HT2BR deficiency displayed an anti‐inflammatory phenotype.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings support the hypothesis that 5‐HT2BR in macrophages plays a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis, revealing a novel perspective for potential therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis‐related diseases.
Impact of late to moderate preterm birth on minimal pair word‐learning
Authors: François Clément , Rodriguez‐Fornells Antoni , Cerda‐Company Xim , Agut Thaïs , Bosch Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLittle is known about language development after late‐to‐moderate premature birth, the most significant part of prematurity worldwide. We examined minimal‐pair word‐learning skills in 18 eighteen‐month‐old healthy full‐term (mean gestational age [GA] at birth = 39.6 weeks; 7 males; 100% Caucasian) and 18 healthy late‐to‐moderate preterm infants (mean GA at birth 33.7 weeks; 11 males; 100% Caucasian). Data were collected in the local urban area of Barcelona city from May 2015 to August 2016. Toddlers first associated two pseudo‐words, forming a minimal pair based on a voice onset time distinction of the initial consonant, with two unfamiliar objects during a habituation phase. A visual choice test assessed their recognition of the two novel word‐object associations and some familiar word‐object pairs. While full‐terms successfully mapped the similar sounding pair of novel words (d = 1.57), preterms could not (d = 0.17). These results suggest that late to moderate preterm birth can hinder basic associative learning mechanisms relying on fine temporal speech features.
Mix‐Max: A Content‐Aware Operator for Real‐Time Texture Transitions
Authors: Fournier Romain , Sauvage Basile 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMixing textures is a basic and ubiquitous operation in data‐driven algorithms for real‐time texture generation and rendering. It is usually performed either by linear blending, or by cutting. We propose a new mixing operator which encompasses and extends both, creating more complex transitions that adapt to the texture's contents. Our mixing operator takes as input two or more textures along with two or more priority maps, which encode how the texture patterns should interact. The resulting mixed texture is defined pixel‐wise by selecting the maximum of both priorities. We show that it integrates smoothly into two widespread applications: transition between two different textures, and texture synthesis that mixes pieces of the same texture. We provide constant‐time and parallel evaluation of the resulting mix over square footprints of MIP‐maps, making our operator suitable for real‐time rendering. We also develop a micro‐priority model, inspired by micro‐geometry models in rendering, which represents sub‐pixel priorities by a statistical distribution, and which allows for tuning between sharp cuts and smooth blend.
Investigation of the application angle and mode parameters on colour fading obtained in laser process
Authors: Atav Rıza , Gündüz Öner , Yaz Sercan , Çakan Gizem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effect of four factors affecting colour fading in the laser process (resolution in the X direction, resolution in the Y direction, pixel time and application direction/angle [56°, horizontal, vertical]) were statistically examined. Then, the effect of application direction/angle (56°, horizontal, vertical) and application mode (Normal, HDR Soft, HDR Medium) were investigated in more detail. It is believed that this study will contribute to the literature and is original since there is no study on the effect of application angle and/or mode during laser treatment. It was found that beyond the resolution and pixel time, application direction/angle and mode (HDR Medium > HDR Soft > Normal) are important in terms of colour fading for 11.25 ounce trousers made of 95.3% cotton/3.4% polyester (T400)/1.3% elastane used in this study.
Changes in the cuticular profile but not aggression of termites along a tropical elevation gradient
Authors: Camarota Flávio , Viana‐Junior Arleu B. , Vidal Diogo M. , Zarbin Paulo H. G. , Neves Frederico S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Communication is critical for social insects and largely mediated by cuticular hydrocarbon compounds (CHCs). The CHCs are diverse and involved in different functions, including nestmate recognition, and protection against desiccation. Their production is costly and context‐dependent, and organisms must prioritise those necessary for survival and fitness in a given habitat. While environmental and abiotic factors are key determinants of the CHCs' profile, we still know little about the effects of elevation in CHC composition in tropical mountain social insects.
We investigated the role of elevation on the abundance and composition of CHCs in the termite species Nasutitermes coxipoensis, a widespread termite species in Brazil. We studied the populations of N. coxipoensis in the largest Brazilian mountain range.
Besides assessing the differences in CHC composition, we conducted behavioural assays to test the recognition ability of different colonies within the elevational gradient.
We found an effect of elevation in the chemical profile of CHCs in N. coxipoensis, with an increased abundance of n‐alkanes and dimethyl‐alkanes with increasing elevation. When evaluating the effect of elevation on the dissimilarity of CHC compounds, we observed that n‐alkanes and dimethyl alkanes were affected differently, but in general, compounds increased their dissimilarity with elevational distance.
Finally, changes in CHC profiles did not affect aggression between neighbouring colonies along the elevation gradient.
Our results indicate that environmental factors play a limited role in shaping termite chemical profiles along a tropical elevation gradient, with no influence on aggression between neighbouring colonies from distinct elevations.
Ecology of fear: ontogeny‐mediated non‐consumptive effects in a parasite–host system
Authors: MacLeod Lisa R. , Luong Lien T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Non‐consumptive effects (NCEs) arise in the presence of parasites even when infection does not occur and can include changes to host behaviour, physiology or morphology. Using the Drosophila nigrospiracula—Macrocheles subbadius fly‐mite system, we investigated the impact of parasite exposure (sans infection) during the pupal and adult pre‐reproductive stages.
First, we exposed fly pupae to mites—either indirectly (caged mites) or directly (free‐roaming mites) to test the effects of parasite exposure on pupation success. Second, we tested how exposing adult female flies to mites prior to reproduction affects fecundity during the post‐exposure reproductive period.
We found that direct exposure to mites significantly decreased the rate of successful eclosion (development from pupa to adult) compared with unexposed pupae; however, the duration of pupation was not significantly affected. The indirect exposure did not have a significant effect on either successful eclosion or duration of pupation. We also found that indirectly exposed (caged mites) females had a significant decrease in the number of offspring produced, but only for the first few days post eclosion, suggesting the effect was reversible after mite removal.
NCEs arise after mite exposure during the pupal and pre‐reproductive life stage of Drosophila, in the form of decreased eclosion success and fecundity. Investigating the NCEs associated with parasite exposure at various life stages of the host is important in understanding the ecology of fear and its total impact on hosts throughout their entire lifespan, with consequences for host ontogeny and population growth.
A new method based on generative adversarial networks for multivariate time series prediction
Authors: Qin Xiwen , Shi Hongyu , Dong Xiaogang , Zhang Siqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultivariate time series have more complex and high‐dimensional characteristics, which makes it difficult to analyze and predict the data accurately. In this paper, a new multivariate time series prediction method is proposed. This method is a generative adversarial networks (GAN) method based on Fourier transform and bi‐directional gated recurrent unit (Bi‐GRU). First, the Fourier transform is utilized to extend the data features, which helps the GAN to better learn the distributional features of the original data. Second, in order to guide the model to fully learn the distribution of the original time series data, Bi‐GRU is introduced as the generator of GAN. To solve the problems of mode collapse and gradient vanishing that exist in GAN, Wasserstein distance is used as the loss function of GAN. Finally, the proposed method is used for the prediction of air quality, stock price and RMB exchange rate. The experimental results show that the model can effectively predict the trend of the time series compared with the other nine baseline models. It significantly improves the accuracy and flexibility of multivariate time series forecasting and provides new ideas and methods for accurate time series forecasting in industrial, financial and environmental fields.
ACRES: A framework for (semi)automatic generation of rule‐based expert systems with uncertainty from datasets
Authors: Kovas Konstantinos , Hatzilygeroudis Ioannis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraditionally, the design of an expert system involves acquiring knowledge, in the form of symbolic rules, directly from the expert(s), which is a complex and time‐consuming task. Although expert systems approach is quite old, it is still present, especially where explicit knowledge representation and reasoning, which assure interpretability and explainability, are necessary. Therefore, machine learning methods have been devised to extract rules from data, to facilitate that task. However, those methods are quite inflexible in adapting to the application domain and provide no help in designing the expert system. In this work, we present a framework and corresponding tool, namely ACRES, for semi‐automatically generating expert systems from datasets. ACRES allows for data preprocessing, which helps in structuring knowledge in the form of a tree, called rule hierarchy, which represents (possible) dependencies among data variables and is used for rule formation. This improves interpretability and explainability of the produced systems. We have also designed and evaluated alternative methods for rule extraction from data and for calculation and use of certainty factors, to represent uncertainty; CFs can be dynamically updated. Experimental results on seven well‐known datasets show that the proposed rule extraction methods are comparable to other popular machine learning approaches like decision trees, CART, JRip, PART, Random Forest, and so on, for the classification task. Finally, we give insights on two applications of ACRES.
Therapeutic failure reported with HIV long‐acting injectables: An analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from 2021 to 2024
Authors: McCall Kenneth L. , Cabral Danielle L. , Coghlan Jamie F. , Concepcion Ashante M. , Denimarck Kristine E. , Shalumov Shawn S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe examined adverse event (AE) reports relating to cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), focusing on therapeutic failure (TF) and non‐therapeutic failure (NTF) outcomes.MethodsFAERS is a database of AE and medication error reports from post‐marketing surveillance. The study was granted exempt approval by the Binghamton University Institutional Review Board. We queried reports for CAB/RPV in the FAERS system from 1 January 2021 to 31 March 2024. TFs were defined as involving any of the following terms: viral load increased, virological failure, pathogen resistance, blood HIV RNA increased, treatment failure, drug ineffective, viral mutation identified, viraemia, and therapy non‐responder. The top 20 most common AEs were also identified. Means, standard deviations, and percentages were used to characterize the sample.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 2605 reports. The reported sex of the study cohort was 50% male (n = 1295), 19% female (n = 505), and 31% unspecified (n = 805), with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 46.9 ± 12.4 years (n = 378). The top three most reported AEs were TFs, product dose omissions, and injection site pain, with 377 (14.5%), 354 (13.6%), and 331 (12.7%) cases, respectively. The mean ± SD weight of people with a report of TF versus NTF was 101.8 ± 33.4 kg and 87.7 ± 26.7 kg, respectively (p = 0.0175).ConclusionOur findings suggest that healthcare professionals should have a heightened awareness of potential challenges with CAB/RPV administration, including TFs and dose omissions in real‐world settings.
Influential sociocultural factors on teacher agency in times of educational change: Reflection from a Southeast Asian context
Authors: Tran Hao , Li Minglin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the wake of globalisation and the widespread dominance of English, Southeast Asian countries have experienced significant shifts in their foreign language policies, prioritising English instruction over other languages. While numerous studies have explored teacher agency in response to educational change, understanding the motivations behind their actions warrants further attention. Amidst this evolving educational landscape in culturally nuanced contexts like Southeast Asia, unpacking the influence of Asian sociocultural values on how teachers exert agency during this transition could provide in‐depth insights into teacher agency and their decision making. Employing a sociocultural approach and drawing on Bourdieu's theory of practice, this paper examines the sociocultural factors shaping the agency of 20 teachers in a Vietnamese university as they respond to a profound educational change—the transition from teaching modern foreign languages (e.g., French, Chinese, and Russian) to teaching English. Through teacher interviews with 20 transitioned teachers, supplemented by insights from interviews with two faculty and university leaders, the findings reveal the embodiment of Bourdieu's concepts of Habitus and Capital in Vietnamese adaptability, flexibility, family roles, responsibilities, and teachers’ sense of collectivity as influential factors on teacher agency. Additionally, the hierarchical nature of change implementation, as reflected in leaders’ orientations, organisational constraints, and administrative styles, viewed through the lens of Field and social networks, contributes to the intricate dynamics of the transition process. Understanding these findings is crucial for comprehending the factors that constrain and facilitate teachers’ responses to change within the complex interplay of individual dispositions, societal structures, and power distribution within the educational sphere.
How Decent Work Influences Internal Whistleblowing Intentions in Nurses: The Parallel Mediating Roles of Felt Obligation and Organisational Identification—A Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: El‐Gazar Heba Emad , Zoromba Mohamed Ali 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionFostering nurses' intentions to blow the whistle internally is a salient issue in healthcare. However, there are debates on the antecedents of these intentions, and the explanation of how these antecedents influence such intentions is missing in the nursing literature.AimBased on the social exchange theory and the social identity theory, this study aimed to unveil how decent work influences nurses' internal whistleblowing intentions, specifically through the parallel mediating roles of felt obligation and organisational identification.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 268 clinical nurses from three tertiary public hospitals in Mansoura, Egypt. Data were collected between June and November 2023 using the Decent Work Scale, the Felt Obligation Scale, the Organisational Identification Scale and the Internal Whistleblowing Intentions Scale. Study hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.ResultsDecent work significantly influenced nurses' internal whistleblowing intentions. Felt obligation and organisational identification partially mediated the positive relationship between decent work and internal whistleblowing intentions.ConclusionDecent work is a significant predictor in nurturing felt obligation and organisational identification, leading to an increased willingness among nurses to engage in internal whistleblowing.ImpactThis study offers valuable insights into how hospital administrators can leverage internal whistleblowing intentions among nurses. It showed that securing decent work conditions, fostering felt obligation and organisational identification contribute to an increased willingness to blow the whistle.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The cost of potentially inappropriate medications for older adults in Canada: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huon Jean‐François , Sanyal Chiranjeev , Gagnon Camille L. , Turner Justin P. , Khuong Ninh B. , Bortolussi‐Courval Émilie , Lee Todd C. , Silvius James L. , Morgan Steven G. , McDonald Emily G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are medications whereby the harms may outweigh the benefits for a given individual. Although overprescribed to older adults, their direct costs on the healthcare system are poorly described.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of the cost of PIMs for Canadians aged 65 and older, using adapted criteria from the American Geriatrics Society. We examined prescription claims information from the National Prescription Drug Utilization Information System in 2021 and compared these with 2013. The overall levels of inflation‐adjusted total annual expenditure on PIMs, average cost per quarterly exposure, and average quarterly exposures to PIMs were calculated in CAD$.ResultsExposure to most categories of PIMs decreased, aside from gabapentinoids, proton pump inhibitors, and antipsychotics, all of which increased. Canadians spent $1 billion on PIMs in 2021, a 33.6% reduction compared with 2013 ($1.5 billion). In 2021, the largest annual expenditures were on proton pump inhibitors ($211 million) and gabapentinoids ($126 million). The quarterly amount spent on PIMs per person exposed decreased from $95 to $57. In terms of mean cost per person, opioids and antipsychotics were highest ($138 and $118 per exposure). Some cost savings may have occurred secondary to an observed decline of 16.4% in the quarterly rate of exposure to PIMs (from 7301 per 10,000 in 2013 to 6106 per 10,000 in 2021).ConclusionsWhile expenditures on PIMs have declined in Canada, the overall cost remains high. Prescribing of some seriously harmful classes of PIMs has increased and so directed, scalable interventions are needed.