bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research based theatre in dementia knowledge transfer: views from the front line
Authors: Argyle Elaine , Schneider Justine 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Formal ties between the theatre and research dissemination have only recently developed and its general efficacy is largely unknown. Here the purpose of this paper is to redress this neglect by examining the effectiveness of a research-based theatrical event in promoting dementia knowledge transfer with a group of front line care workers. The event ran over eight days and consisted of an original theatrical production followed by a chaired audience discussion and workshops.

Design/methodology/approach
– Questionnaires which had been developed specifically for this evaluation were completed by 863 front line workers on the day of the event, eliciting their profiles and immediate reactions. Three months after the event, 30 completed a follow-up questionnaire and eight were interviewed.

Findings
– Attendance was well received with high degrees of both cognitive and emotional engagement being expressed in the initial questionnaire. The follow-up evaluation suggested that these positive reactions were sustained over time. However, many taking part in this follow-up thought that their practice had not changed as a result of event attendance. This apparent discrepancy between knowledge transfer and utilisation appeared to be partly the result of the influence of contextual factors in impeding this utilisation within work settings.

Originality/value
– Evidence is provided on the positive impact of theatre on dementia carers’ working lives. This is sufficient to warrant further applications of this method, provided there is careful attention to embedding the messages in the workplace context and evaluating their efficacy.
myShoes – the future of experiential dementia training?
Authors: Adefila Arinola , Graham Sean , Clouder Lynn , Bluteau Patricia , Ball Steven 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of virtual reality (VR) for experiential learning in dementia training. People have different perceptions and understanding of what it is like to live with dementia, particularly those that are new to dementia care, whether in a professional capacity, or as a friend or family member. Arguably the most powerful way in which to enhance understanding is to give people a glimpse of what living with dementia might be like.

Design/methodology/approach
– The myShoes project aimed to create a resource that would augment a virtual environment and expose the user to an experience that gives them a sense of what living with dementia might be like. The resource was created using the latest VR and game development software. A sample group of students from a mixed range of health professions tested the resource providing in depth feedback on its immediate impact and ideas for further development.

Findings
– Notwithstanding the limited sample on which the simulation has been tested, carefully designing the activities and constructing a learning space that allows for reflection on being placed temporarily in another person’s shoes, appears to have enabled students to think beyond ‘treatment, to considering how the person might feel and altering their approach accordingly.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a pilot study. More research using VR as a training resource is planned.

Practical implications
– The study will support educational training, particularly that which uses virtual reality for clinicians and carers.

Social implications
– The adoption of a VR approach to training formal and informal carers has potential to enhance empathy and improve holistic care of people with dementia.

Originality/value
– The myShoes project adopts a novel approach to simulating the effects of dementia for training purposes.
Qatari students’ pre-college experience with information literacy
Authors: Pullman Ethan P 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– There’s little information available on Qatari students’ experience with information literacy. What little information does exists draws from outdated surveys and assumptions about the current population. The purpose of this paper is to describe how data collected from first-semester Qatari students who enrolled in a semester-long information literacy course at Carnegie Mellon University helped update perceptions of this population, drove changes made to content and instructional delivery, and enabled a reflective process for teaching and learning.

Design/methodology/approach
– Pre- and post-surveys completed by students explore Qatari students’ pre-college experience with information literacy concepts, using libraries, and writing. They also compare the students’ attitude toward information literacy before and after taking the course. Qatari students’ data were extracted from the overall student population to focus on this population and analyzed descriptively based on cumulative responses. The pre-survey data were used to inform changes made to instructional content and delivery throughout the term.

Findings
– Contrary to assumptions, first-year Qatari students expressed familiarity with information literacy concepts before attending college. The data indicated strong learning preferences and a positive attitude toward information literacy.

Research limitations/implications
– Since information collected in this study relied on student perceptions of their experience, results must be paired with performance measurement before drawing additional conclusions about information literacy competencies of first-year Qatari students. Further, the study did not explore gender and sociocultural differences; therefore no general conclusions should be drawn.

Practical implications
– Instructional design should be based on a current understanding of local information needs and searching habits. In addition, this approach encourages reflective learning and teaching and help instructors avoid prior assumptions about their students.

Originality/value
– This paper provides information on how Qatari students perceive their experience with information literacy before college, the importance of understanding information literacy concepts and its role in their personal, academic, and professional lives. It centers on a population for whom information literacy concepts remain both relatively challenging and critical for their future learning development and offers suggestions for future research.
Biodiversity and ecosystem services in forest ecosystems: a research agenda for applied forest ecology
Authors: Mori Akira S. , Lertzman Kenneth P. , Gustafsson Lena 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Given the substantial contributions of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services to society, forest sciences have a large potential to contribute to the integrity and sustainability of our future. This is especially true when the roles of biodiversity for sustaining ecosystem services are considered.

The rapid expansion of sustainable forest management (SFM) has resulted in the adoption of various forest management frameworks intended to safeguard biodiversity. Concurrently, the importance of forest ecosystem services has been increasingly recognized. Although some initiatives aimed at conserving both biodiversity and ecosystem services are emerging, knowledge gaps still exist about their relationships and potential trade‐offs in forests. Given recent advancements, increasing opportunities and some lags in forest ecology, further research on biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services will play substantial roles in the development of SFM practices.

Here, we identified key issues including (i) relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function as a foundation of ecological integrity, (ii) resilience thinking to better prepare for and adapt to environmental changes, (iii) social–ecological perspectives that facilitate real‐world conservation and management and (iv) theory‐driven restoration that bridges science and practice. Thus, we illustrate priorities and future possibilities in applied ecology studies in forests, which will help society and ecosystems to build capacity and resilience to face uncertainty in the changing environment.

Synthesis and applications. Under substantial human influences, forests are highly likely to be largely altered, potentially leading to the emergence of novel ecosystems or alternative stable states. Management thus needs more flexible, novel measures to address the significant uncertainty this generates. Resilience‐based approaches are important to respond adaptively to future changes and cope with surprises, potentially providing multiple options. Although challenges exist, theory should play an important role in managing, conserving and restoring forest ecosystems. The issues discussed here should receive further attention in the context of the multiple goals of sustainable forest management.
Survey of schools’ work with child and adolescent mental health across England: a system in need of support
Authors: Sharpe Helen , Ford Tamsin , Lereya Suzet Tanya , Owen Chris , Viner Russell M. , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundWith evidence of rising need around mental health in young people, cuts in specialist health provision and increasing recognition of the central role of schools in supporting young people with mental health problems, it is important to understand the provision of mental health support currently available in schools, the nature of the relationship with health and other providers of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) services, and what are the key barriers to accessing support.MethodThe study was a convenience sample survey of 577 school staff from 341 schools in England. Participants completed an online survey about the provision of specialist mental health support in their school, including what support is available, who provides it, and perceived barriers to supporting the mental health of young people. Data were linked to publicly available data on school characteristics.ResultsOver two thirds of schools reported having some specialist support available, with specialist provision more common in secondary schools. Staff training and whole‐school approaches were the most frequently employed specific approaches. Support was most often provided by educational psychologists, followed by counsellors. School staff particularly valued support and feedback within the schools context. The most frequently cited barrier to mental health support was the limited capacity of specialist CAMH services.ConclusionsThe results suggest a need to enhance the availability of specialist support for mental health both within schools and in CAMH services.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase c‐Cbl Inhibits Microglia‐Mediated CNS Inflammation by Regulating PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Dong Lin , Li Yu‐Zhen , An Hai‐Ting , Wang Ya‐Long , Chen Shi‐Hao , Qian Yan‐Jing , Wang Ke , Zhen Jun‐Li , Fan Zheng , Gong Xiao‐Li , Zheng Yan , Wang Xiao‐Min 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundMicroglia‐mediated inflammation may play an important role in the pathophysiology progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.AimsThis study sought to determine whether E3 ubiquitin ligase c‐Cbl plays a role in the brain inflammation and to explore the relevant molecular mechanism.MethodsAfter BV2 microglial cells and c‐Cbl‐deficient mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), neuroinflammation and microglial activation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. We further investigated the possible mechanism of c‐Cbl in regulating microglial activation.ResultsHere, we showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase c‐Cbl had high expression in brain tissues including substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), striatum and hippocampus, and it was abundantly expressed in microglia. Systemic LPS administration resulted in more severe microglial activation in CNS and increased expression of brain proinflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β and MCP‐1) in c‐Cbl knockout mice than wild type mice (WT). Downregulation of c‐Cbl expression with c‐Cbl siRNA in BV‐2 microglial cells demonstrated a more robust increase in the proinflammatory factors release and NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation than that in control siRNA. Interestingly, Akt phosphorylation induced by LPS was also significantly augmented after c‐Cbl knockdown. Moreover, blockade of PI3K/Akt activation by LY294002 significantly reduced inflammation response and NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation.ConclusionIn sum, c‐Cbl inhibits expression of LPS‐stimulated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in microglia. We demonstrate an unprecedented role for c‐Cbl in microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation involving PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway.
Genomewide profiling of copy‐number alteration in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Mikulasova Aneta , Smetana Jan , Wayhelova Marketa , Janyskova Helena , Sandecka Viera , Kufova Zuzana , Almasi Martina , Jarkovsky Jiri , Gregora Evzen , Kessler Petr , Wrobel Marek , Walker Brian A. , Wardell Christopher P. , Morgan Gareth J. , Hajek Roman , Kuglik Petr 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a benign condition with an approximate 1% annual risk of symptomatic plasma cell disorder development, mostly to multiple myeloma (MM). We performed genomewide screening of copy‐number alterations (CNAs) in 90 MGUS and 33 MM patients using high‐density DNA microarrays. We identified CNAs in a smaller proportion of MGUS (65.6%) than in MM (100.0%, P = 1.31 × 10−5) and showed median number of CNAs is lower in MGUS (3, range 0–22) than in MM (13, range 4–38, P = 1.82 × 10−10). In the MGUS cohort, the most frequent losses were located at 1p (5.6%), 6q (6.7%), 13q (30.0%), 14q (14.4%), 16q (8.9%), 21q (5.6%), and gains at 1q (23.3%), 2p (6.7%), 6p (13.3%), and Xq (7.8%). Hyperdiploidy was detected in 38.9% of MGUS cases, and the most frequent whole chromosome gains were 3 (25.6%), 5 (23.3%), 9 (37.8%), 15 (23.3%), and 19 (32.2%). We also identified CNAs such as 1p, 6q, 8p, 12p, 13q, 16q losses, 1q gain and hypodiploidy, which are potentially associated with an adverse prognosis in MGUS. In summary, we showed that MGUS is similar to MM in that it is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, but overall cytogenetic instability is lower than in MM, which confirms that genetic abnormalities play important role in monoclonal gammopathies.
Disruption, but not overexpression of urate oxidase alters susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole‐ and pilocarpine‐induced seizures in mice
Authors: Thyrion Lisa , Portelli Jeanelle , Raedt Robrecht , Glorieux Griet , Larsen Lars E. , Sprengers Mathieu , Van Lysebettens Wouter , Carrette Evelien , Delbeke Jean , Vonck Kristl , Boon Paul 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThere is a continuous drive to find new, improved therapies that have a different mechanism of action in order to help diminish the sizable percentage of persons with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Uric acid is increasingly recognized as contributing to the pathophysiology of multiple disorders, and there are indications that uric acid might play a role in epileptic mechanisms. Nevertheless, studies that directly investigate its involvement are lacking. In this study we assessed the susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole‐ and pilocarpine‐induced seizures in mice with genetically altered uric acid levels by targeting urate oxidase, which is the enzyme responsible for uric acid breakdown. We found that although disruption of urate oxidase resulted in a decreased susceptibility to all behavioral end points in both seizure models, overexpression did not result in any alterations when compared to their wild‐type littermates. Our results suggest that a chronic increase in uric acid levels may result in decreased brain excitability.
Phenology and species determine growing‐season albedo increase at the altitudinal limit of shrub growth in the sub‐Arctic
Authors: Williamson Scott N. , Barrio Isabel C. , Hik David S. , Gamon John A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractArctic warming is resulting in reduced snow cover and increased shrub growth, both of which have been associated with altered land surface–atmospheric feedback processes involving sensible heat flux, ground heat flux and biogeochemical cycling. Using field measurements, we show that two common Arctic shrub species (Betula glandulosa and Salix pulchra), which are largely responsible for shrub encroachment in tundra, differed markedly in albedo and that albedo of both species increased as growing season progressed when measured at their altitudinal limit. A moveable apparatus was used to repeatedly measure albedo at six precise spots during the summer of 2012, and resampled in 2013. Contrary to the generally accepted view of shrub‐covered areas having low albedo in tundra, full‐canopy prostrate B. glandulosa had almost the highest albedo of all surfaces measured during the peak of the growing season. The higher midsummer albedo is also evident in localized MODIS albedo aggregated from 2000 to 2013, which displays a similar increase in growing‐season albedo. Using our field measurements, we show the ensemble summer increase in tundra albedo counteracts the generalized effect of earlier spring snow melt on surface energy balance by approximately 40%. This summer increase in albedo, when viewed in absolute values, is as large as the difference between the forest and tundra transition. These results indicate that near future (<50 years) changes in growing‐season albedo related to Arctic vegetation change are unlikely to be particularly large and might constitute a negative feedback to climate warming in certain circumstances. Future efforts to calculate energy budgets and a sensible heating feedback in the Arctic will require more detailed information about the relative abundance of different ground cover types, particularly shrub species and their respective growth forms and phenology.
Retrograde root canal treatment: a prospective case series
Authors: Jonasson P. , Lennholm C. , Kvist T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimRoot canal treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis may be complicated by limited access to the root canals due to restorations and dystrophic calcifications. The objective of this study was to evaluate retrograde root canal as a primary treatment using a surgical approach as an alternative to conventional orthograde treatment.MethodologyPatients with apical periodontitis in the anterior region of the maxilla were consecutively recruited to the study over a period of 4 years. Fifty‐seven patients met the inclusion criteria and received retrograde root canal treatment. A clinical and radiographic evaluation was made after 1 and 2 years postoperatively.ResultsClinical and radiographically evaluation after 2 years revealed a successful outcome (as defined in this study) in 90% of the cases.ConclusionRetrograde root canal as a primary treatment was a reliable alternative to treat apical periodontitis on single‐ and two‐rooted teeth with limited orthograde access to the root canals in the maxilla.
Elemental characterization of the cuticle in the marine intertidal pseudoscorpion, Halobisium occidentale
Authors: Gallant James , Hochberg Rick , Ada Earl 
Published: May 2016

AbstractArthropods are well known to biomineralize and metallize their exoskeletons with naturally occurring elements that function to stabilize the protein component and add hardness to surfaces that endure wear. In this study, we provide the first description of the trace elements in the cuticle of a marine intertidal pseudoscorpion, Halobisium occidentale, using energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. We characterized the trace element composition of six regions on four specimens: the prosoma, opisthosoma, tarsal claws, arolia, chelicerae, and pedipalps. In addition to the elements C, O, and N that make up the α‐chitin component of the cuticle, we found 11 trace elements across the body, but only five of these elements were present at significant levels (≥1% wt): Ni, P, Al, Zn, and Fe. The only trace element on both tagmata is P, while the appendages and their structures contain varying amounts of other elements. The tarsal claws are supplemented with Zn and Ni, while the adhesive arolia contain either Ni or P. The pedipalps are enriched with Al along their proximodistal axis, with P, Zn, and Fe present only around the venom pore. The chelicerae have P, Zn, and Fe present only on the distal regions. This study confirms that pseudoscorpions, like many other arthropods, enrich their cuticle with specific elements at precise locations that are important in predation (cheliceral fingers, pedipalps, venom pore) and locomotion (tarsal claws, arolia). This is also the first study to reveal the presence of Al and Ni in any significant quantities in the arthropod exoskeleton.
Six Month Clinical Evaluation of Interdental Papilla Reconstruction with Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Gel Using an Image Analysis System
Authors: Lee Won‐Pyo , Kim Hee‐Jung , Yu Sang‐Joun , Kim Byung‐Ock 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeObtaining predictable and aesthetically pleasing interdental papilla is challenging in dental reconstruction. Hyaluronic acid gel has been successfully used to reduce facial creases and similar abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to clinically assess the efficiency of interdental papilla reconstruction with injectable hyaluronic acid gel.Materials and MethodsTen patients with 43 treated sites in the maxillary anterior region were studied. Photographic standardization devices were designed for image analysis before treatment. This treatment was repeated up to five times during 3‐week intervals. Patients were followed 6 months after initial gel application.ResultsTwenty‐nine sites had complete papilla reconstruction and 14 sites improved from 39 to 96% of interdental papilla reconstruction rate. Complete interdental papilla reconstruction was performed when black triangle at initial examination had area of ≤0.25 mm2, height of ≤1mm, or width of ≤0.5mm.ConclusionInjectable hyaluronic acid gel may be a promising treatment for enhancing papillary esthetics.Clinical SignificanceInterdental papilla reconstruction with injectable hyaluronic acid gel can be suggested as a minimally invasive treatment option for interdental papilla deficiencies in small areas. However, long‐term results of this treatment beyond 6 months are not yet known. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:221–230, 2016)