bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Findings from the Families on Track Intervention Pilot Trial for Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Their Families
Authors: Petrenko Christie L. M. , Pandolfino Mary E. , Robinson Luther K. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are at high risk for costly, debilitating mental health problems and secondary conditions, such as school disruption, trouble with the law, and substance use. The study objective was to pilot a multicomponent intervention designed to prevent secondary conditions in children with FASD and improve family adaptation.MethodsThirty children with FASD or prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) (ages 4 to 8) and their primary caregivers were enrolled. Families were randomized to either the Families on Track Integrated Preventive Intervention or an active control of neuropsychological assessment and personalized community referrals. The 30‐week intervention integrates scientifically validated bimonthly, in‐home parent behavioral consultation, and weekly child skills groups. Outcomes measured at baseline and follow‐up postintervention included intervention satisfaction, child emotional and behavioral functioning, child self‐esteem, caregiver knowledge of FASD and advocacy, caregiver attitudes, use of targeted parenting practices, perceived family needs met, social support, and self‐care. Data analysis emphasized calculation of effect sizes and was supplemented with analysis of variance techniques.ResultsAnalyses indicated that families participating in the intervention reported high program satisfaction. Relative to comparison group outcomes, the intervention was associated with medium‐to‐large effects for child emotion regulation, self‐esteem, and anxiety. Medium‐sized improvements in disruptive behavior were observed for both groups. Medium and large effects were seen for important caregiver outcomes: knowledge of FASD and advocacy, attributions of behavior, use of antecedent strategies, parenting efficacy, family needs met, social support, and self‐care.ConclusionsThis pilot study yielded promising findings from the multicomponent Families on Track Integrated Preventive Intervention for child and caregiver outcomes. An important next step is to complete a randomized control trial of the Families on Track Program with a larger sample fully representative of this underserved clinical population with built‐in study of implementation parameters.
Relative importance of anthropogenic landscape characteristics for Neotropical frugivores at multiple scales
Authors: Nagy‐Reis M. B. , Estevo C. A. , Setz E. Z. F. , Ribeiro M. C. , Chiarello A. G. , Nichols J. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFrugivores are key components of Neotropical forests, regulating plant communities, forest structure, and plant diversity; however, they are highly threatened by human impacts worldwide. To effectively conserve this group, maintain their ecological functions, and plan management actions or establish future protected areas, we need to gather information about their relationship with the landscape attributes. Here, we used camera traps and call surveys (April 2013 to March 2014) to estimate the occupancy of seven frugivores (a rodent, two ungulates, two primates and two ground‐dwelling birds) at 45 sampling sites distributed within a protected area of Atlantic Forest (35 000 ha) in south‐east Brazil. We evaluated the relative effects of anthropogenic landscape variables, environmental attributes and geomorphometry on their occupancy at multiple scales. To achieve this, we measured landscape metrics at three spatial scales (200, 500 and 1000 m) around each sampling site and used multi‐season occupancy modeling. Factors related to human presence or disturbance, such as human accessibility, proximity to the reserve, and forest cover, were the main predictors of occupancy by frugivorous game species (paca – Cuniculus paca; brocket deer – Mazama sp.; and collared peccary – Pecari tajacu). Strictly environmental and geomorphometric variables were weaker determinants of frugivore occupancy. Our results also suggest that weather, season and habitat‐related variables can equally influence animal detection probability. Moreover, different species of frugivores responded differently to landscape attributes, and their response depended on the spatial landscape scale at which they perceive their habitat. This highlights the importance of a multi‐taxa and multi‐scale approach when assessing species‐habitat relationships and planning wildlife management actions.
Perceived harms and benefits of tobacco, marijuana, and electronic vaporizers among young adults in Colorado: implications for health education and research
Authors: Popova Lucy , McDonald Emily Anne , Sidhu Sohrab , Barry Rachel , Richers Maruyama Tracey A. , Sheon Nicolas M. , Ling Pamela M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsTo evaluate how young adults perceive and compare harms and benefits of marijuana and tobacco products in the context of a legal marijuana market in Colorado.DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews.SettingDenver, CO, USA.ParticipantsThirty‐two young adults (aged 18–26 years) who used tobacco/marijuana/vaporizers.MeasurementsSemi‐structured interviews addressed perceived harms and benefits of various tobacco and marijuana products and personal experiences with these products.FindingsYoung adults evaluated harms and benefits using five dimensions: (1) combustion—smoking was considered more harmful than non‐combustible products (e.g. e‐cigarettes, vaporizers and edibles); (2) potency—edibles and marijuana concentrates were perceived as more harmful than smoking marijuana flower because of potential to receive too large a dose of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); (3) chemicals—products containing chemical additives were seen as more harmful than ‘pure’ or ‘natural’ plant products; (4) addiction—participants recognized physiological addiction to nicotine, but talked primarily about psychological or life‐style dependence on marijuana; and (5) source of knowledge—personal experiences, warning labels, campaigns, the media and opinions of product retailers and medical practitioners affected perceptions of harms and benefits.ConclusionsAmong young adults in Colorado, USA, perceived harms and benefits of tobacco and marijuana include multiple dimensions. Health educational campaigns could benefit from addressing these dimensions, such as the potency of nicotine and cannabis concentrates and harmful chemicals present in the organic material of tobacco and marijuana. Descriptors such as ‘natural’ and ‘pure’ in the promotion or packaging of tobacco and marijuana products might be misleading.
MATURE SOCIAL ECONOMY ENTERPRISE AND SOCIAL INNOVATION: THE CASE OF THE DESJARDINS ENVIRONMENTAL FUND
Authors: VÉZINA Martine , MALO Marie‐Claire , BEN SELMA Majdi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to understand the nature and process of social innovation driven by mature social economy enterprises, and the innovative capability that supports it. The research examines enterprise capabilities by means of the institutional approach to social innovation and the Resource‐Based View theory (RBV). Based on grounded theory, this research focuses on a single case, the creation of the Desjardins Environment Fund (DEF). Launched 25 years ago,1DEF is the first mutual fund in North America to include extra‐financial criteria in its evaluation of business environmental management practices (fund securities) for the information of individual investors. The findings of this empirical research show how a major cooperative bank can generate social innovation and how this entails organizational innovations. The findings also reveal how these innovations benefit from the strategic and process resources that the Desjardins Movement managed to develop while taking into account both its core business (as a bank) and its purpose (as a cooperative). This study shows that the innovative potential of the mature social economy enterprise should not be underestimated.
Review article: delivering precision oncology in intermediate‐stage liver cancer
Authors: Pinato D. J. , Howell J. , Ramaswami R. , Sharma R. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundIntermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for which trans‐arterial chemoembolization (TACE) constitutes the standard of care, is a patient subgroup with significant heterogeneity in clinical outcome. Sources of variation relate to differences in tumour burden, hepatic reserve, ethnicity and treatment modalities. Increasing research efforts have been dedicated to minimise the clinical diversity of this patient population and enhance optimal provision of treatment.AimTo comprehensively review the diverse prognostic models that have been proposed to refine the prognostic prediction of patients withHCCundergoingTACE.ResultsA number of prognostic algorithms (HAP,ART,ABCRscore and many others) have shown potential to address the clinical heterogeneity characterising patients with intermediate‐stageHCCand facilitate early identification of patients with poor prognostic features in whom alternative treatments or best supportive care might be more appropriate thanTACE.ConclusionsWhile an improved characterisation of intermediate‐stageHCCis a highly important clinical aim, current evidence suggests that novel prognostic algorithms in this patient population may offer potential benefits but non‐negligible challenges in the provision ofTACE. This review summarises the currently available evidence to facilitate the development of precision oncology in intermediate‐stageHCC.
Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy
Authors: Donnelly M. C. , Scobie L. , Crossan C. L. , Dalton H. , Hayes P. C. , Simpson K. J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute icteric hepatitis and acute liver failure in the developing world. During the last decade, there has been increasing recognition of autochthonous (locally acquired) HEV infection in developed countries. Chronic HEV infection is now recognised, and in transplant recipients this may lead to cirrhosis and organ failure.AimTo detail current understanding of the molecular biology of HEV, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and propose future directions for basic science and clinical research.MethodsPubMed was searched for English language articles using the key words “hepatitis E”, “viral hepatitis”, “autochthonous infection”, “antiviral therapy”, “liver transplantation”, “acute”, “chronic”, “HEV”, “genotype”, “transmission” “food‐borne”, “transfusion”. Additional relevant publications were identified from article reference lists.ResultsThere has been increasing recognition of autochthonous HEV infection in Western countries, mainly associated with genotype 3. Chronic HEV infection has been recognised since 2008, and in transplant recipients this may lead to cirrhosis and organ failure. Modes of transmission include food‐borne transmission, transfusion of blood products and solid organ transplantation. Ribavirin therapy is used to treat patients with chronic HEV infection, but new therapies are required as there have been reports of treatment failure with ribavirin.ConclusionsAutochthonous HEV infection is a clinical issue with increasing burden. Future work should focus on increasing awareness of HEV infection in the developed world, emphasising the need for clinicians to have a low threshold for HEV testing, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Patients at potential risk of chronic HEV infection must also be educated and given advice regarding prevention of infection.
Feel American, Watch American, Eat American? Remote Acculturation, TV, and Nutrition Among Adolescent–Mother Dyads in Jamaica
Authors: Ferguson Gail M. , Muzaffar Henna , Iturbide Maria I. , Chu Hui , Meeks Gardner Julie 
Published: April 2017

Globalization prompts remote acculturation toward U.S. culture in Jamaica; this study used a bioecological systems approach to examine its proximal impact on nutrition through U.S. cable TV consumption, and maternal influences in the home. Overall, 330 randomly selected adolescent–mother dyads from schools in Kingston, Jamaica (Madolescent_age = 13.8 years, SDadolescent_age = 1.8) completed questionnaires reporting American identity and behavioral preferences, daily time spent watching U.S.‐produced TV programs, and frequency of eating unhealthy foods. Actor–partner interdependence models revealed that girls’ American identity/behavior directly predicted their unhealthy eating, whereas girls’ mothers and boys’ American identity/behavior indirectly predicted unhealthy eating as mediated by their U.S. TV hours. Additionally, mothers’ American identity/behavior predicted daughters’ unhealthy eating as mediated by mothers’ U.S. TV hours. Remote acculturation theory may facilitate more targeted research and prevention/intervention.
Patterns of family service needs and caregiver–child relationships among families at risk of child welfare involvement
Authors: Lee JoAnn S. , Logan‐Greene Patricia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCaregivers at risk of involvement in the child welfare system report high levels of need for multiple types of services, and their children have high levels of mental health need. Caregivers from families with more service needs, as well as unmet needs, are less likely to be engaged with child welfare services and may have diminished capacity to care for their child. This study takes a family‐centered approach by using latent class analysis to identify patterns of both caregiver and child service needs among families at risk of child welfare involvement. Using data from the LONGSCAN consortium (N = 957), we identified 4 classes of service needs among child welfare‐involved families. We then examined differences between the 4 classes based on demographics, maltreatment histories, unmet service needs, and caregiver–child relationship. The caregivers were split fairly evenly among the 4 classes: low needs, medical needs, poverty support, and high needs. There were significant differences between classes on assessed variables, with higher levels of needs associated with diminished caregiver–child relationships.
An ‘age of choice’ for external development finance? Evidence from country case studies
Authors: Prizzon Annalisa , Greenhill Romilly , Mustapha Shakira 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe article presents findings from nine country case studies in sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia, mapping the expanding access of partner country governments to external development finance beyond official development assistance. The article analyzes governments’ priorities for the terms and conditions of development finance flows they would like to access. The analysis finds that (1) Chinese official finance is the largest component of external development finance flows beyond official development assistance (ODA) in the countries analyzed, far larger than global figures would suggest, (2) partner countries welcome more choice and more finance, (3) countries identify ownership, alignment with national priorities, speed of project delivery, portfolio diversification as key priorities, and (4) the rise of providers such as China has increased the potential bargaining power of recipient countries vis‐à‐vis more traditional donors.
The efficacy of thrombolysis in lacunar stroke – evidence from the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry
Authors: Eggers C. C. J. , Bocksrucker C. , Seyfang L. ,   the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry Collaborators
Published: April 2017

Background and purposeIntravenous thrombolysis (ivT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is established in acute ischaemic stroke. Little is known, however, about its efficacy in different stroke subtypes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 128 733 patients from the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry was performed. Patients were classified as lacunar (LacS) or non‐lacunar ischaemic stroke (nonLacS) by use of the clinical syndrome and technical findings. Outcome parameters were the short term improvement in the stroke unit [the difference of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission and at discharge] and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months. Patients were assigned to four groups according to thrombolysis and stroke subtype. To control for confounding, patients were matched for variables identified with impact outcome and for variables of general interest (NIHSS at admission, mRS before stroke and general risk factors).ResultsThere were four matched groups of 401 cases each. In LacS median short term improvement was 3 [interquartile range (IQR) 2–5] NIHSS points in the thrombolysed patients and 2 (IQR 1–4) in the non‐thrombolysed patients (P < 0.001). In the nonLacS groups median short term improvement was 3 (IQR 1–5) in the thrombolysed and 2 (IQR 0–4) in the non‐thrombolysed patients (P < 0.001). At 3‐month follow‐up, ivT was significantly associated with a better functional outcome in LacS (P < 0.001) and nonLacS patients (P < 0.001). Taking magnetic resonance imaging as a requirement for stroke subtyping led to similar results.ConclusionsPatients with both lacunar and non‐lacunar stroke benefitted from ivT. The degree of improvement was similar in both groups.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome lowers seizure threshold in adult patients without epilepsy
Authors: Wither Robert G. , Borlot Felippe , MacDonald Alex , Butcher Nancy J. , Chow Eva W. C. , Bassett Anne S. , Andrade Danielle M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectivePrevious studies examining seizures in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have focused primarily on children and adolescents. In this study we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of seizures and epilepsy in an adult 22q11.2DS population.MethodsThe medical records of 202 adult patients with 22q11.2DS were retrospectively reviewed for documentation of seizures, electroencephalography (EEG) reports, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Epilepsy status was assigned in accordance with 2010 International League Against Epilepsy Classification.ResultsOf 202 patients, 32 (15.8%) had a documented history of seizure. Of these 32, 23 (71.8%) had acute symptomatic seizures, usually associated with hypocalcemia and/or antipsychotic or antidepressant use. Nine patients (9/32, 28%; 9/202, 4%) met diagnostic criteria for epilepsy. Two patients had genetic generalized epilepsy; two patients had focal seizures of unknown etiology; two had epilepsy due to malformations of cortical development; in two the epilepsy was due to acquired structural changes; and in one patient the epilepsy could not be further classified.SignificanceSimilarly to children, the prevalence of epilepsy and acute symptomatic seizures in adults with 22q11.2DS is higher than in the general population. Hypocalcemia continues to be a risk factor for adults, but differently from kids, the main cause of seizures in adults with 22q11.2DS is exposure to antipsychotics and antidepressants. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate how 22q11.2 microdeletion leads to an overall decreased seizure threshold.
Comparative analysis on the application of neuro‐fuzzy models for complex engineered systems: Case study from a landfill and a boiler
Authors: Meher Saroj K. , Behera Shishir K. , Rene Eldon R. , Park Hung‐Suck 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis work aims at developing an explicit neuro‐fuzzy (NF) model to characterize complex engineered systems associated with high nonlinearity, uncertainties, and multivariable couplings. The NF model synergistically exploits the advantages of fuzzy belongingness of each input variable to all output variables and learning ability of neural networks. Owing to the inherent complexities associated with 2 complex engineered systems, a landfill and a boiler were selected to develop models that provide intelligent decisions for optimizing the operational parameters. Data compiled from field‐scale investigation/real plant operation involving various operating scenarios were used to develop the models. Predicting capability of the developed models was evaluated through the correlation coefficient and mean absolute percentage error values. Superiority of the proposed NF model to other similar models has been justified and demonstrated.
Estimating regional species richness: The case of China's vascular plant species
Authors: Lu Muyang , He Fangliang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe estimation of regional species richness has been a major challenge in ecology but is crucial for setting up conservation priorities. Discovery curves are a principal tool for estimating regional richness, but they have been criticized for being too sensitive to historical fluctuations in species discovery. In this study we propose a new discovery model that considers historical influences. We have applied the model to estimate the number of vascular plant species in China, a country of mega‐biodiversity that has also suffered endless wars and social turmoil in its modern history.LocationChina.Time period1755–2000.Major taxa studiedVascular plant species.MethodsWe compiled the discovery time for each vascular species from the complete volumes ofFlora of China, leading to 31,220 valid species names. We applied our model to these data and compared the performance of our model with existing discovery models and two other methods (species–area relationships and a taxonomic rank curve model). We also tested our model with three other independent datasets and one simulation study.ResultsOur new method estimated there to be 36,554 (± 2,708) vascular plant species in China. Our model accounted very well for the effect of historical events and was robust to different periods of data that were used to estimate the total richness. Our model outperformed all other models that were compared. We found that 5,334 species remained to be discovered in China and it would take about 50 years to discover all the species should the current discovery rate of 110 species per year persist.Main conclusionsSpecies discovery curves, with historical effects being properly accounted for, offer a promising tool for estimating regional species richness. Our model is robust to the effect of historical events and provides by far the most accurate and reliable estimates of species richness of test data, including vascular plant richness in China.