bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Neutral and Cationic Hetero[6]Helicenes
Authors: Labrador Geraldine M. , Bosson Johann , Breitbach Zachary S. , Lim Yeeun , Francotte Eric R. , Sabia Rocchina , Villani Claudio , Armstrong Daniel W. , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCationic hetero[6]helicenes 1+, 2+ and 3+ have been recently disclosed. Herein we report on their enantiomeric separation using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Separation of the antipodes can be achieved in preparative scale on neutral adducts with Chiralcel OD‐I or Chiralpak ID CSP. Selectivity factors of 1.90, 1.67, and 1.96 were obtained for 1-H, 2-H, and 3-H, respectively. Separation can also be performed on the carbenium ions on regular Chiralpak IA CSP using water‐containing eluents, thus allowing for enantiomeric purity determinations in aqueous environments. Resolution of neutral and cationic helicenes is also achieved on more recently developed LARIHC columns. The versatility of the cyclofructan phases allows for baseline separations for both cases and their loading capabilities are demonstrated. Finally, the configurational stability of 1+, 2+, and 3+ was measured. For each replacement of an oxygen atom by an amino group, the racemization barrier increases significantly (ΔG‡ = 29.8, 36.3 and >37 kcal mol‐1 for 1+, 2+, and 3+ respectively). Chirality 28:282–289, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Measurement of the Thermodynamics of Chiral Recognition in Bile Salt Micelles
Authors: Anderson Shauna L. , Rovnyak David , Strein Timothy G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIsothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is shown to be a sensitive reporter of bile salt micellization and chiral recognition. Detailed ITC characterization of bile micelle formation as well as the chiral recognition capabilities of sodium cholate (NaC), deoxycholate (NaDC), and taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) micelle systems are reported. The ΔHdemic of these bile salt micelle systems is directly observable and is strongly temperature‐dependent, allowing also for the determination of ΔCpdemic. Using the pseudo‐phase separation model, ΔGdemic and TΔSdemic were also calculated. Chirally selective guest–host binding of model racemic compounds 1,1’‐bi‐2‐napthol (BN) and 1,1’‐binaphthyl‐2,2’‐diylhydrogenphosphate (BNDHP) to bile salt micelles was then investigated. The S‐isomer was shown to bind more tightly to the bile salt micelles in all cases. A model was developed that allows for the quantitative determination of the enthalpic difference in binding affinity that corresponds to chiral selectivity, which is on the order of 1 kJ mol‐1. Chirality 28:290–298, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing socially responsible workplaces: Need perceptions and institutional forces acting on MSE owners in Tanzania
Authors: Poetz Katharina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSmall businesses are increasingly expected to contribute to sustainable development. Drawing on needs theory and institutional theory, this paper investigates drivers of and barriers to socially responsible workplaces that can fulfill the existence, relatedness, and growth needs of people working in these organizations. The findings generated from an in‐depth study of small enterprises in Tanzania indicate that owners’ and employees’ changing needs contribute to workplace creation but nevertheless often remain unfulfilled. The resulting tensions pose a challenge for sustainable development in Africa's emerging economies. This is discussed with regard to solutions that leverage the normative common ground between traditional values and Western notions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), taking into account the pressures exercised by regulatory and mimetic institutional forces. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics of the Long‐Acting Basal Insulin LY2605541 in Subjects With Varying Degrees of Renal Function
Authors: Linnebjerg Helle , Choi Siak Leng , Lam Eric Chen Quin , Mace Kenneth F. , Hodgson Teri S. , Sinha Vikram P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of LY2605541 (basal insulin peglispro), a novel long‐acting basal insulin analogue, was evaluated in 5 groups of subjects with varying degrees of renal function based on creatinine clearance: normal renal function (>80 mL/min), mild renal impairment (51–80 mL/min), moderate renal impairment (30–50 mL/min), severe renal impairment (<30 mL/min), or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis. Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic analyses were collected up to 12 days following a single 0.33 U/kg subcutaneous dose of LY2605541. The apparent clearance (CL/F) and half‐life across groups were not affected by renal function. Cmax values were lower in subjects with increasing severity of renal impairment; however, the small decrease in Cmax did not affect the overall exposure. Regression analysis showed that LY2605541 clearance is independent of renal function (slope = 0.000863; P = .885). The mean fraction of LY2605541 eliminated by a single hemodialysis session was 13% in subjects with ESRD. LY2605541 was generally well tolerated in healthy subjects and those with renal impairment following a single 0.33 U/kg subcutaneous dose. Given these data, no dose adjustment of LY2605541 based on pharmacokinetics is recommended in renal impairment or in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Encapsulated Laccases for the Room‐Temperature Oxidation of Aromatics: Towards Synthetic Low‐Molecular‐Weight Lignins
Authors: Pistone Lucia , Ottolina Gianluca , De Sudipta , Romero Antonio A. , Martins Lígia O. , Luque Rafael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new approach for the encapsulation of laccases with enhanced activity and stability by biomimetic silica mineralisation is reported. A range of lignin model compounds, which includes syringol, syringyl acid, 4‐vinylphenol, gallic acid, vanillic acid and guaiacol, was oxidised to lignin‐type polymers by the silica‐immobilised laccase systems at room temperature. The oxidation rate of the immobilised systems was lower than that of the free enzyme counterparts, but interesting products were observed with the new bio‐catalytic materials, which showed reusability and good stability.
Sex and seasonal differences in neurogenesis and volume of the song‐control system are associated with song in brood‐parasitic and non‐brood‐parasitic icterid songbirds
Authors: Guigueno Mélanie F. , Sherry David F. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe song‐control system in the brain of songbirds is important for the production and acquisition of song and exhibits both remarkable seasonal plasticity and some of the largest neural sex differences observed in vertebrates. We measured sex and seasonal differences in two nuclei of the song‐control system of brood‐parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and closely‐related non‐parasitic red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). These species differ in both the development and function of song. Brown‐headed cowbirds have a larger sex difference in song than red‐winged blackbirds. Female cowbirds never sing, whereas female blackbirds do though much less than males. In cowbirds, song primarily functions in mate choice and males modify their song as they approach sexual maturity and interact with females. In red‐winged blackbirds, song is used primarily in territorial defence and is crystalized earlier in life. We found that the HVC was more likely to be discernable in breeding female blackbirds than in breeding female cowbirds. Compared to males, females had a smaller HVC and a smaller robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). However, females had higher doublecortin immunoreactivity (DCX+) in HVC, a measure of neurogenesis. Consistent with sex differences in song, the sex difference in RA volume was greater in cowbirds than in blackbirds. Males of both species had a smaller HVC with higher DCX+ in post‐breeding condition than in breeding condition when song is more plastic. Sex and seasonal differences in the song‐control system were closely related to variation in song in these two icterid songbirds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1226–1240, 2016
Serotonin promotes feminization of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area, but not the calbindin cell group
Authors: Madden Amanda M. K. , Paul Alexandria T. , Pritchard Rory A. , Michel Rebecca , Zup Susan L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTestosterone and its metabolites masculinize the brain during a critical perinatal window, including the relative volume of sexually dimorphic brain areas such as the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN), which is larger in males than females. Serotonin (5HT) may mediate this hormone action, since 5HT given during the second week of life decreases (i.e., feminizes) SDN volume in males and testosterone‐treated females. Although previous work indicates that the 5HT2A/2C receptor is sufficient to induce feminization, it is unclear whether other serotonin receptors are required and which subpopulation(s) of SDN cells are specifically organized by 5HT. Therefore, we injected male and female Sprague‐Dawley rat pups with saline, a nonselective 5HTR agonist, a 5HT2A/2C agonist, or a 5HT2A/2C antagonist over several timecourses in early life, and measured the Nissl‐SDN as well as a calbindin+ subdivision of the SDN, the CALB‐SDN. When examined on postnatal day 18 or early adulthood, the size of the Nissl‐SDN was feminized in males treated with any of the serotonergic drugs, eliminating the typical sex difference. In contrast, the sex difference in CALB‐SDN size was maintained regardless of serotoninergic drug treatment. This pattern suggests that although gonadal hormones shape the whole SDN, individual cellular phenotypes respond to different intermediary signals to become sexually dimorphic. Specifically, 5HT mediates sexual differentiation of non‐calbindin population(s) within the SDN. The results also caution against using measurement of the CALB‐SDN in isolation, as the absence of an effect on the CALB‐SDN does not preclude an effect on the overall nucleus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1241–1253, 2016
The landscape of pain management in people with dementia living in care homes: a mixed methods study
Authors: Corbett Anne , Nunez Kayleigh‐Marie , Smeaton Emily , Testad Ingelin , Thomas Alan J , Closs S. Jose , Briggs Michelle , Clifton Lei , Gjestsen Martha Therese , Lawrence Vanessa 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore the current landscape of pain management in people with dementia living in care home settings. Pain is extremely common in this patient group, yet there is very limited guidance for healthcare professionals.MethodsTriangulation of stakeholder consultation and quality review of pain management guidance were performed. A review of existing pain management guidance was conducted using published quality criteria adapted for the field. Three focus group discussions were held with care home staff and two focus group discussions and an online survey with family carers. Data were subjected to thematic analysis to identify themes and sub‐themes. Outcomes were reviewed by an expert panel, which gave recommendations.ResultsFifteen existing guidelines were identified, of which three were designed for use in dementia and none were tailored for care home settings. Thematic analysis revealed six major themes in current pain management in dementia: importance of person‐centredness, current lack of pain awareness in staff, communication as a core element, disparities in staff responsibility and confidence, the need for consistency of care and current lack of staff training. In addition to the needs for practice, the expert panel identified promising pharmacological treatment candidates, which warrant clinical evaluation.ConclusionsThe findings of this study clearly articulate a need for an evidence‐based pain management programme for care homes, which is informed by stakeholder input and based within a conceptual framework for this setting. There are novel opportunities for clinical trials of alternative analgesics for use in this patient group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Geopolitical Perspective into the Opposition to Globalizing State‐Owned Enterprises in Target States
Authors: Shi Wei , Hoskisson Robert E. , Zhang Yan Anthea 
Published: February 2016

Plain language summaryGeopolitical concerns are one of the important factors influencing multinational enterprise (MNE) location choices. This is particularly true for globalizing state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) because of their direct ties with governments. Because of geopolitical concerns, SOEs may face a strong level of opposition in foreign countries which neighbor SOEs’ home countries, have different religious beliefs and political regimes from SOEs’ home countries or countries do not lack resources that SOEs can provide. Such opposition is particularly strong in countries where domestic politicians find it in their interests to arouse nationalistic feelings and oppose foreign SOEs’ investments. This study highlights the importance of considering geopolitical factors in MNE location choices.Technical summaryThe emergence of globalizing state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) requires revisiting the assumption that multinational enterprises (MNEs) are focused on economic not political objectives because SOEs tend to be perceived as political entities as well. We develop a geopolitical perspective into how geographic distance, religious similarity, and political regime similarity between two nation states, as well as resource complementarity between globalizing SOEs and target states, explain the level of opposition that globalizing SOEs face in target states. We also investigate how the salience of nationalist politics moderates the influence of these geopolitical factors on the level of opposition that globalizing SOEs face. This theoretical model developed in this study sheds new light on understanding the role of geopolitics in affecting MNEs’ location choices. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Institutional Leverage Capability: Creating and Using Institutional Advantages for Internationalization
Authors: Landau Christian , Karna Amit , Richter Ansgar , Uhlenbruck Klaus 
Published: February 2016

Plain language summaryHome country institutions, for instance chambers of commerce and educational systems, can support firms' efforts to expand into foreign markets. However, only some firms utilize this support and become successful in international markets. We propose that these firms have a particular ability to leverage institutions; they have institutional leverage capability. More precisely, we explain that firms need to be aware of the institutional support, access it, decide to adopt it, and adapt their resources to fully exploit the institutions available in their home countries. We recommend that firms design organizational structures and processes to leverage institutions for internationalization. We illustrate our suggestions with the example of the German ‘hidden champions,’ medium‐sized firms that are global market leaders, and how they leverage institutions to internationalize.Technical summaryWe develop the notion of a firm's institutional leverage capability in order to explain heterogeneity among firms with respect to their ability to turn a location's generally available institutional benefits into firm‐specific institutional competitive advantages. Institutional leverage capability represents a higher‐order construct formed by the four components of awareness, access, adoption and adaption of institutional benefits. It is of particular strategic relevance in institutional contexts that provide high levels of support to firms. Firms can use institutional competitive advantages, which they generate by leveraging their home country's institutions, for the purpose of internationalization. We illustrate our argument using the example of several mid‐sized German companies that have leveraged home‐country institutional benefits and attained leading positions in international markets. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Do They Know Something We Don't? Endorsements from Foreign MNCs and Domestic Network Advantages for Start‐Ups
Authors: Aharonson Barak S. , Tzabbar Daniel , Amburgey Terry L. 
Published: February 2016

Plain language summaryThis article examines the effects of alliances with foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) on a local start‐up's attractiveness as a partner in its domestic research networks. We argue that such international strategic alliances enhance a start‐up's subsequent alliance activity and its status in its domestic R&D network. The analysis shows that, indeed, alliances with foreign MNCs significantly enhance the start‐up's attractiveness and its future alliance activity, especially when the start‐up is young (up to the age of five). Furthermore, alliances with foreign MNCs from a variety of different countries of origin (e.g., U.K., Germany, and France) have stronger effects on a start‐up's subsequent alliance activity, supporting the argument that even in the age of globalization, location still matters.Technical summaryThis article examines the effects of endorsements from foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) on the centrality of biotech start‐ups within their domestic research networks. We argue that international strategic alliances enhance a start‐up's subsequent movement toward a more central position in its domestic R&D network. Analyzing U.S. biotech start‐ups over time, our findings show that endorsements from foreign MNCs significantly enhance the subsequent network centrality of U.S. biotech start‐ups. This endorsement effect is magnified in the early stages of the start‐up's life cycle. Furthermore, endorsements by foreign MNCs from a variety of different countries of origin have stronger effects on a start‐up's subsequent network centrality, supporting the contention that even in the age of globalization, location still matters. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Consultation via telemedicine and access to operative care for patients with head and neck cancer in a Veterans Health Administration population
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Vashi Anita , Song Yohan , Pham Rosemary , Holsinger F. Chris , Rayl James D. , Walker Beth , Chardos John , Yuan Annie , Benadam–Lenrow Ella , Davis Dolores , Sung C. Kwang , Divi Vasu , Sirjani Davud B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a telemedicine model that utilizes an audiovisual teleconference as a preoperative visit.MethodsVeterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with head and neck cancer at 2 remote locations were provided access to the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (PAVA) Health Care System otolaryngology department via the telemedicine protocol: tissue diagnosis and imaging at the patient site; data review at PAVA; and a preoperative teleconference connecting the patient to PAVA. Operative care occurred at PAVA. Follow‐up care was provided remotely via teleconference.ResultsFifteen patients were evaluated. Eleven underwent surgery, 4 with high‐grade neoplasms (carcinoma). Average time from referral to operation was 28 days (range, 17–36 days) and 72 (range, 31–108 days), respectively, for high‐grade and low‐grade groups. The average patient was spared 28 hours traveling time and $900/patient was saved on travel‐related costs.ConclusionA telemedicine model enables timely access to surgical care and permits considerable savings among select VHA patients with head and neck cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 925–929, 2016
2D HETCOR NMR Spectrum and Structure of Dicarbonyl(η5‐N, N‐dimethylcarbamoylcyclopentadienyl)nitrosylchromium [η5‐C5H4CON(CH3)2)]Cr(CO)2(NO)
Authors: Wang Yu‐Pin , Liu Xen‐Hum , Cheng Hsiu‐Yao , Lin Tso‐Shen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDicarbonyl(η5‐N,N‐dimethylcarbamoylcyclopentadienyl)nitrosylchromium (5) was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding acid chloride with dimethylamine. The structure of 5 has been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies: space group, P‐1; monoclinic; a=6.406(7), b=8.805(8), c=10.710(10) Å, α=91.73(8), β=93.67(8), γ=101.96(8)°; Z=2. The exocyclic carbon is bent away from the chromium atom with a θ angle of −0.27°. The nitrosyl group is cisoid to the exocyclic carbonyl carbon of the Cp(Cr) ring with a twist angle of 63.27°. The chemical shifts of C(2,5) and C(3,4) on the Cp ring has been assigned using two‐dimensional HETCOR NMR spectroscopy.
A Refined Intermolecular Interaction Potential for Methane: Spectral Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Li Arvin Huang‐Te , Chao Sheng D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe previously constructed methane interaction potential energy surface calculated at the second‐order Møller‐Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory has been significantly improved in two aspects. First, all ab initio potential energy data are calculated by the supermolecule counterpoise corrected coupled cluster with single and double and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] method with Dunning’s correlation‐consistent aug‐cc‐pVXZ, X=D, T, Q, 5, basis sets and extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limits with a convergence precision of 0.01 kcal/mol. Second, instead of the simple 4‐site model proposed in the previous study, a 5‐site model has been used to represent the ab initio potential data. The simulated infrared spectrum using the potential energy surface seems to be broadly in line with the spectral features observed in experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations using the ab initio force field show quantitative agreements with experiments. The properties examined in this paper include the atom‐to‐atom radial distribution functions in liquid and supercritical phases and the self‐diffusion coefficients over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions. It is shown that the refined ab initio force field can be applied to study fluid properties in different phases.
Electrochemistry of Multilayers of Graphene and Myoglobin Modified Electrode and Its Biosensing
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Li Xiaoqing , Yu Xiaohua , Yan Lijun , Shi Zaifeng , Wen Xiaoyong , Sun Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA multilayers of graphene (GR) and myoglobin (Mb) modified electrode was fabricated with a layer of chitosan film. Electrochemical behaviors of the modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry, which exhibited a couple of well‐behaved, stable and quasi‐reversible cathodic and anodic peaks, indicating that Mb realized its direct electron transfer on the biosensor. The experimental result may be accredited to the existence of multilayers conductive GR nanosheets that could provide big specific surface area, fine biological compatibility and ultrahigh electron transfer route for the immobilized Mb. The catalytic reduction peak currents of the biosensor to the detection of trichloroacetic acid were established from 0.6 to 26.0 mM accompanied with the detection limit as 0.15 mM (3σ). Therefore a novel third‐generation mediator‐free electrochemical sensor was successful prepared with the usage of multilayers of GR.
A Native‐Chemical‐Ligation‐Based Turn‐on Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Cysteine
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Fukui Hiroki , Shigitani Ryosuke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSelective and quantitative detection of biological thiols such as cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione is often necessary because abnormal levels of such thiols can cause some diseases. Here, we report that bis(pentafluorophenyl) 1,4‐benzenedicarbothionic acid diester can serve as a turn‐on fluorescent probe for selective detection of cysteine vis‐a‐vis homocysteine and glutathione. When cysteine was added to a mixture of the diester and a sodium phosphate buffer solution with THF (60 vol%), which is non‐fluorescent, the mixture became green‐fluorescent. In contrast, addition of homocysteine or glutathione did not make the mixture fluorescent. A native‐chemical‐ligation‐based mechanism is proposed.