bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of molecular diagnosis in pet allergy
Authors: Uriarte S. A. , Sastre J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe describe the pattern of sensitisation to pet IgE components and its association with clinical symptoms. Hundred and fifty nine consecutive patients with rhinitis/asthma sensitised to dog, cat, and horse were recruited. Specific IgE to whole extracts and to pet recombinant allergens were performed. Only 5% of patients were monosensitised to animal allergens. Specific IgE to Can f 1 was significantly associated with persistent rhinitis, Can f 2 with asthma diagnosis, Can f 3 with moderate/severe rhinitis (M/S‐R) and asthma diagnosis (AD), and Can f 5 with persistent and M/S‐R. Positive IgE to Fel d 2 was significantly associated with M/S‐R and AD, Equ c 1 with M/S‐R and Equ c 3 with persistent rhinitis, AD and severe asthma. Sensitisation to ≥2 molecules or to pet albumins was associated with more severe respiratory symptoms. Molecular diagnosis in patients with pet allergy may also help clinicians to predict clinical symptoms and their severity.
Safety of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery: assessment of aqueous humour and lens capsule
Authors: Yu A‐Yong , Lin Cai‐Xia , Wang Qin‐Mei , Zheng Mei‐Qing , Qin Xiao‐Yi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) on aqueous humour and lens capsule.MethodsThis prospective randomized comparative study enrolled 19 eyes that underwent FLACS as the trial group and 20 eyes that underwent conventional phacoemulsification as the control group. The femtosecond laser platform (LLS‐fs 3D; LensAR, Orlando, FL, USA) was used to generate capsulotomy (laser energy 8 μJ) and lens fragmentation (laser energy 10 μJ). Morphology of the cutting edge and cells of anterior capsule was assessed by light microscopy. The proteins in the aqueous humour were identified by mass spectrometry (Ultraflex III TOF/TOF; Bruker Dalton, Bremen, Germany). Electrolyte in the aqueous humour was detected by a chemistry analyzer (Aeroset Clinical Chemistry Analyzer; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA).ResultsThe cutting edge of anterior capsule was saw‐tooth‐shaped under magnification of 200× and 400× in the trial group, while it was smooth in the control group. Intact cells were found in the boundary area next to the cutting edge of anterior capsule in both groups. β‐Crystallin B1, γ‐crystallin S and transferrin were detected in the aqueous humour in the trial group. The concentrations of K+, Na+ and Cl− in the aqueous humour in the trial group differed significantly from those in the control group (p = 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04, respectively).ConclusionFemtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) causes release of transferrin and crystallin from lens to aqueous humour and results in significant changes in the concentrations of K+, Na+ and Cl− in aqueous humour. However, these changes due to FLACS have no clinical significance or toxicity.
The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome‐type symptoms in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease, and the relationship with biochemical markers of disease activity
Authors: Diederen K. , Hoekman D. R. , Hummel T. Z. , de Meij T. G. , Koot B. G. P. , Tabbers M. M. , Vlieger A. M. , Kindermann A. , Benninga M. A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundA large proportion (25–46%) of adults with inflammatory bowel disease in remission has symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which are thought to reflect ongoing inflammation. Data on paediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients are lacking.AimTo investigate (i) the prevalence of IBS‐type symptoms in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission and (ii) the relationship of IBS‐type symptoms with biochemical markers of disease activity.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included all patients (<18 years) with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis attending the out‐patient clinic of one of three Dutch hospitals between March 2014 and June 2015. Clinical disease activity was determined using the abbreviated‐PCDAI or PUCAI. Biochemical disease activity was assessed using faecal calprotectin and serum CRP. IBS‐symptoms were assessed using physician‐administered Rome III‐questionnaires.ResultsWe included 184 patients (92 female; mean age: 14.5 years) (Crohn's disease: 123, ulcerative colitis: 61). The prevalence of IBS‐type symptoms in children with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission was 6.4% (95% CI: 2.5–11.1%; Crohn's disease: 4.5%; ulcerative colitis: 10.8%). Prevalence of IBS‐type symptoms in children with faecal calprotectin <250 μg/g was 16.1% (95% CI: 7.6–25.8%; Crohn's disease: 16.7%; ulcerative colitis: 10.8%). No difference in faecal calprotectin or CRP was found between patients in clinical remission with or without IBS‐type symptoms (faecal calprotectin: IBS+ median 58 μg/g, IBS− 221 μg/g, P = 0.12; CRP: IBS+ median 1.4 mg/L, IBS− 1.1 mg/L, P = 0.63).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IBS‐type symptoms in children with inflammatory bowel disease is highly dependent on the definition of remission. Nonetheless, the prevalence is much lower than that previously reported in studies in adult inflammatory bowel disease patients. IBS‐type symptoms appear to be unrelated to gastrointestinal inflammation.
Molecular nutrition: Interaction of nutrients, gene regulations and performances
Authors: Sato Kan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNutrition deals with ingestion of foods, digestion, absorption, transport of nutrients, intermediary metabolism, underlying anabolism and catabolism, and excretion of unabsorbed nutrients and metabolites. In addition, nutrition interacts with gene expressions, which are involved in the regulation of animal performances. Our laboratory is concerned with the improvement of animal productions, such as milks, meats and eggs, with molecular nutritional aspects. The present review shows overviews on the nutritional regulation of metabolism, physiological functions and gene expressions to improve animal production in chickens and dairy cows.
Plant blindness and the implications for plant conservation
Authors: Balding Mung , Williams Kathryn J.H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlant conservation initiatives lag behind and receive considerably less funding than animal conservation projects. We explored a potential reason for this bias: a tendency among humans to neither notice nor value plants in the environment. Experimental research and surveys have demonstrated higher preference for, superior recall of, and better visual detection of animals compared with plants. This bias has been attributed to perceptual factors such as lack of motion by plants and the tendency of plants to visually blend together but also to cultural factors such as a greater focus on animals in formal biological education. In contrast, ethnographic research reveals that many social groups have strong bonds with plants, including nonhierarchical kinship relationships. We argue that plant blindness is common, but not inevitable. If immersed in a plant‐affiliated culture, the individual will experience language and practices that enhance capacity to detect, recall, and value plants, something less likely to occur in zoocentric societies. Therefore, conservation programs can contribute to reducing this bias. We considered strategies that might reduce this bias and encourage plant conservation behavior. Psychological research demonstrates that people are more likely to support conservation of species that have human‐like characteristics and that support for conservation can be increased by encouraging people to practice empathy and anthropomorphism of nonhuman species. We argue that support for plant conservation may be garnered through strategies that promote identification and empathy with plants.
G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294 promotes expansion of adult cardiac progenitor cells without changing their phenotype or differentiation potential
Authors: Kaur K. , Yang J. , Edwards J. G. , Eisenberg C. A. , Eisenberg L. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesAs a follow‐up to our previous reports showing that the G9a histone methyltransferase‐specific inhibitor BIX01294 enhances bone marrow cell cardiac potential, this drug was examined for its effects on cardiomyocytes and mouse cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs).Materials and methodsCardiomyocytes and cardiac explants were cultured ± BIX01294, and examined for changes in cardiac function, protein and gene expression. Additionally, enriched populations of CPCs, contained in the ‘phase bright cell’ component of explants, were harvested from non‐treated and BIX01294‐treated cardiac tissue, and assayed for differences in cell phenotype and differentiation potential. Mouse CPCs were cultured with rat cardiomyocytes to allow differentiation of the progenitors to be assayed using species‐specific PCR primers.ResultsWhile BIX01294 had no discernible effect on myocyte function and sarcomeric organization, treatment with this drug significantly increased CPC proliferation, as indicated by enhanced MTT metabolization and BrdUrd incorporation (4.1‐ and 2.0‐fold, respectively, P < 0.001) after 48 h labelling, and increased Ki67 expression (4.8‐fold, P < 0.001) after 7 days culture. Heart explants exposed to BIX01294 generated 3.6‐fold (P < 0.005) greater yields of CPCs by 2 weeks culture. Importantly, CPCs obtained from non‐treated and BIX01294‐treated cultures did not differ in phenotype or differentiation potential.ConclusionsThese data indicate that BIX01294 can expand CPCs without undermining their capacity as cardiac progenitors, and suggest that this drug may have utility for generating large numbers of CPCs for cardiac repair.
Effects of intraplantar botulinum toxin‐B on carrageenan‐induced changes in nociception and spinal phosphorylation of GluA1 and Akt
Authors: Sikandar Shafaq , Gustavsson Ynette , Marino Marc J. , Dickenson Anthony H. , Yaksh Tony L. , Sorkin Linda S. , Ramachandran Roshni 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) delivered into the skin and muscle in certain human and animal pain states may exert antinociceptive efficacy though their uptake and transport to central afferent terminals. Cleavage of soluble N‐methylaleimide‐sensitive attachment protein receptor by BoNTs can impede vesicular mediated neurotransmitter release as well as transport/insertion of channel/receptor subunits into plasma membranes, an effect that can reduce activity‐evoked facilitation. Here, we explored the effects of intraplantar botulinum toxin‐ B (BoNT‐B) on peripheral inflammation and spinal nociceptive processing in an inflammatory model of pain. C57BL/6 mice (male) received unilateral intraplantar BoNT (1 U, 30 μL) or saline prior to intraplantar carrageenan (20 μL, 2%) or intrathecal N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA), substance P or saline (5 μL). Intraplantar carrageenan resulted in edema and mechanical allodynia in the injected paw and increased phosphorylation of a glutamate subunit (pGluA1ser845) and a serine/threonine‐specific protein kinase (pAktser473) in spinal dorsal horn along with an increased incidence of spinal c‐Fos positive cells. Pre‐treatment with intraplantar BoNT‐B reduced carrageenan evoked: (i) allodynia, but not edema; (ii) pGluA1 and pAkt and (iii) c‐Fos expression. Further, intrathecal NMDA and substance P each increased dorsal horn levels of pGluA1 and pAkt. Intraplantar BoNT‐B inhibited NMDA, but not substance P evoked phosphorylation of GluA1 and Akt. These results suggest that intraplantar toxin is transported centrally to block spinal activation and prevent phosphorylation of a glutamate receptor subunit and a kinase, which otherwise contribute to facilitated states.
A synthesis of transplant experiments and ecological niche models suggests that range limits are often niche limits
Authors: Lee‐Yaw Julie A. , Kharouba Heather M. , Bontrager Megan , Mahony Colin , Csergő Anna Mária , Noreen Annika M.E. , Li Qin , Schuster Richard , Angert Amy L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGlobal change has made it important to understand the factors that shape species’ distributions. Central to this area of research is the question of whether species’ range limits primarily reflect the distribution of suitable habitat (i.e. niche limits) or arise as a result of dispersal limitation. Over‐the‐edge transplant experiments and ecological niche models are commonly used to address this question, yet few studies have taken advantage of a combined approach for inferring the causes of range limits. Here, we synthesise results from existing transplant experiments with new information on the predicted suitability of sites based on niche models. We found that individual performance and habitat suitability independently decline beyond range limits across multiple species. Furthermore, inferences from transplant experiments and niche models were generally concordant within species, with 31 out of 40 cases fully supporting the hypothesis that range limits are niche limits. These results suggest that range limits are often niche limits and that the factors constraining species’ ranges operate at scales detectable by both transplant experiments and niche models. In light of these findings, we outline an integrative framework for addressing the causes of range limits in individual species.
Life history of the spider parasitoidZatypota percontatoria(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Korenko Stanislav , Potopová Vera , Satrapová Jitka , Pekár Stano 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe life history of polysphinctine parasitoids is poorly understood. As a result, their effect on their host has not been evaluated. Here, we present the phenology ofZatypota percontatoria, an ectoparasitoid wasp of theridiid spiders, using rich field, semi‐field and laboratory investigations of selected life‐history parameters. The wasps overwintered as larva attached to the spider abdomen and the imagos of the first generation emerged at the beginning of May. The sex ratio (F/M) of overwintered wasp larvae was 1.4. The wasp spent an average of 6.4 days in the egg stage, 27.67 days in the larval stage and 9.6 days in the pupal stage. Adult longevity was on average 14.34 days. Oviposition occurred on average 8.44 days following maturity. The wasp laid on average 0.35 eggs/day. The total fecundity was on average 7.4 eggs per wasp and decreased with age (data from unmated females). The developmental rate increased with experimental temperature up to 28 °C. The lower developmental threshold for pupae was estimated at 6.6 °C. The sum of effective temperatures for pupae was estimated at 157.8 degree days. Using daily temperature records from the Czech Republic over the last 41 years, we estimated an average of 3.5 generations ofZ. percontatoriaper year. Mortality was 48% in semi‐field conditions and 23% in the laboratory. The incidence of mortality was highest during egg and larval stages caused by the detachment of eggs or larvae during spider molting, the mortality of the spider‐host and egg deposition on the spider prosoma.
‘Citizens’ and ‘Foreigners’ in EU Law. Migration Law and its Cosmopolitan Outlook
Authors: Thym Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMigration has become a controversial subject across Europe and beyond. At the same time, the EU has built up an impressive set of rules for third‐country nationals over the past two decades, which—unlike the mobility of EU citizens—received comparatively little attention apart from immigration and asylum specialists. This contribution presents the constitutional framework for ‘migration law’ towards third‐country nationals and shows in how far they depart from the paradigm of intra‐European mobility. It will be argued that differences can be rationalised by divergent objectives and do, nonetheless, not present a move towards ‘fortress Europe’. EU migration law maintains the distinction between citizens and foreigners at the same time as it protects migrants, including refugees. By accommodating migrants' rights and self‐government, EU migration law can be construed as an endeavour to replace traditional notions of alienage with constitutional rules with a cosmopolitan outlook.
Macroinvertebrate seedbank composition in relation to antecedent duration of drying and multiple wet‐dry cycles in a temporary stream
Authors: Stubbington Rachel , Gunn John , Little Sally , Worrall Thomas P. , Wood Paul J. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

The aquatic invertebrate ‘seedbank’ comprises life stages that remain viable in the bed sediments of temporary freshwaters during dry phases. This seedbank promotes persistence of temporary‐stream macroinvertebrates, but how its inhabitants respond to extended dry phases or repeated transitions between wet and dry phases remains unknown.

We rehydrated samples collected from the dry bed of a temperate‐zone stream during a supra‐seasonal drought, to examine the seedbank assemblage. Samples were first collected in autumn, from 12 sites along the ephemeral (4 sites), intermittent (2) and near‐perennial (6) reaches, which had been dry for up to 8 months. Our first hypothesis was that assemblage composition would be related to the dry‐phase duration preceding sampling, with longer dry phases reducing abundance and richness.

We revisited the same sites in three subsequent seasons, collecting and rehydrating sediments from all dry sites: five sites in early spring, three in late spring and four in late summer. Unpredictable flow resumption and redrying occurred between sampling dates. Our second hypothesis was that repeated wet‐dry cycles would not degrade the assemblage because temporary‐stream taxa would be adapted to fluctuating hydrological conditions.

Multiple individuals of only Chironomidae, Oligochaeta and Pisidium were present at sites that experienced the longest dry phases, providing some support for our first hypothesis. An additional 21 taxa were recorded across the remaining (shorter dry phase) sites in autumn, indicating that such sites act as refuges and potential recolonist sources following flow resumptions.

Although several insect orders first recorded in early spring were absent in later seasons, taxon‐specific life cycles indicated that these absences were probably seasonal and not due to repeated wet‐dry cycles.

We recorded 38 taxa in total, highlighting the seedbank as a dry‐phase resistance mechanism for many temporary‐stream macroinvertebrates. Our results also suggest that seedbank diversity may be threatened by increases in drought extent and duration.
Biological responses to environmental heterogeneity under future ocean conditions
Authors: Boyd Philip W. , Cornwall Christopher E. , Davison Andrew , Doney Scott C. , Fourquez Marion , Hurd Catriona L. , Lima Ivan D. , McMinn Andrew 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOrganisms are projected to face unprecedented rates of change in future ocean conditions due to anthropogenic climate‐change. At present, marine life encounters a wide range of environmental heterogeneity from natural fluctuations to mean climate change. Manipulation studies suggest that biota from more variable marine environments have more phenotypic plasticity to tolerate environmental heterogeneity. Here, we consider current strategies employed by a range of representative organisms across various habitats – from short‐lived phytoplankton to long‐lived corals – in response to environmental heterogeneity. We then discuss how, if and when organismal responses (acclimate/migrate/adapt) may be altered by shifts in the magnitude of the mean climate‐change signal relative to that for natural fluctuations projected for coming decades. The findings from both novel climate‐change modelling simulations and prior biological manipulation studies, in which natural fluctuations are superimposed on those of mean change, provide valuable insights into organismal responses to environmental heterogeneity. Manipulations reveal that different experimental outcomes are evident between climate‐change treatments which include natural fluctuations vs. those which do not. Modelling simulations project that the magnitude of climate variability, along with mean climate change, will increase in coming decades, and hence environmental heterogeneity will increase, illustrating the need for more realistic biological manipulation experiments that include natural fluctuations. However, simulations also strongly suggest that the timescales over which the mean climate‐change signature will become dominant, relative to natural fluctuations, will vary for individual properties, being most rapid for CO2 (~10 years from present day) to 4 decades for nutrients. We conclude that the strategies used by biota to respond to shifts in environmental heterogeneity may be complex, as they will have to physiologically straddle wide‐ranging timescales in the alteration of ocean conditions, including the need to adapt to rapidly rising CO2 and also acclimate to environmental heterogeneity in more slowly changing properties such as warming.
A replicated climate change field experiment reveals rapid evolutionary response in an ecologically important soil invertebrate
Authors: Bataillon Thomas , Galtier Nicolas , Bernard Aurelien , Cryer Nicolai , Faivre Nicolas , Santoni Sylvain , Severac Dany , Mikkelsen Teis N. , Larsen Klaus S. , Beier Claus , Sørensen Jesper G. , Holmstrup Martin , Ehlers Bodil K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhether species can respond evolutionarily to current climate change is crucial for the persistence of many species. Yet, very few studies have examined genetic responses to climate change in manipulated experiments carried out in natural field conditions. We examined the evolutionary response to climate change in a common annelid worm using a controlled replicated experiment where climatic conditions were manipulated in a natural setting. Analyzing the transcribed genome of 15 local populations, we found that about 12% of the genetic polymorphisms exhibit differences in allele frequencies associated to changes in soil temperature and soil moisture. This shows an evolutionary response to realistic climate change happening over short‐time scale, and calls for incorporating evolution into models predicting future response of species to climate change. It also shows that designed climate change experiments coupled with genome sequencing offer great potential to test for the occurrence (or lack) of an evolutionary response.