bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coseismic slip and afterslip of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel (Chile) earthquake determined from continuous GPS data
Authors: Shrivastava Mahesh N. , González Gabriel , Moreno Marcos , Chlieh Mohamed , Salazar Pablo , Reddy C. D. , Báez Juan Carlos , Yáñez Gonzalo , González Juan , de la Llera Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe analyzed the coseismic and early postseismic deformation of the 2015, Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake by inverting 13 continuous GPS time series. The seismic rupture concentrated in a shallow (<20 km depth) and 100 km long asperity, which slipped up to 8 m, releasing a seismic moment of 3.6 × 1021 Nm (Mw = 8.3). After 43 days, postseismic afterslip encompassed the coseismic rupture. Afterslip concentrated in two main patches of 0.50 m between 20 and 40 km depth along the northern and southern ends of the rupture, partially overlapping the coseismic slip. Afterslip and aftershocks confined to region of positive Coulomb stress change, promoted by the coseismic slip. The early postseismic afterslip was accommodated ~53% aseismically and ~47% seismically by aftershocks. The Illapel earthquake rupture is confined by two low interseismic coupling zones, which coincide with two major features of the subducting Nazca Plate, the Challenger Fault Zone and Juan Fernandez Ridge.
Global warming projection in the 21st century based on an observational data‐driven model
Authors: Zeng Xubin , Geil Kerrie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGlobal warming has been projected primarily by Earth system models (ESMs). Complementary to this approach, here we provide the decadal and long‐term global warming projections based on an observational data‐driven model. This model combines natural multidecadal variability with anthropogenic warming that depends on the history of annual emissions. It shows good skill in decadal hindcasts with the recent warming slowdown well captured. While our ensemble mean temperature projections at the end of 21st century are consistent with those from ESMs, our decadal warming projection of 0.35 (0.30‐0.43) K from 1986–2005 to 2016–2035 is within their projection range and only two‐thirds of the ensemble mean from ESMs. Our predicted warming rate in the next few years is slower than in the 1980s and 1990s, followed by a greater warming rate. Our projection uncertainty range is just one‐third of that from ESMs, and its implication is also discussed.
Statistical survey of nighttime midlatitude magnetic fluctuations: Their source location and Poynting flux as derived from the Swarm constellation
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Lühr Hermann , Stolle Claudia , Rodriguez‐Zuluaga Juan , Knudsen David J. , Burchill Johnathan K. , Kwak Young‐Sil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis is the first statistical survey of field fluctuations related with medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), which considers magnetic field, electric field, and plasma density variations at the same time. Midlatitude electric fluctuations (MEFs) and midlatitude magnetic fluctuations (MMFs) observed in the nighttime topside ionosphere have generally been attributed to MSTIDs. Although the topic has been studied for several decades, statistical studies of the Poynting flux related with MEF/MMF/MSTID have not yet been conducted. In this study we make use of electric/magnetic field and plasma density observations by the European Space Agency's Swarm constellation to address the statistical behavior of the Poynting flux. We have found that (1) the Poynting flux is directed mainly from the summer to winter hemisphere, (2) its magnitude is larger before midnight than thereafter, and (3) the magnitude is not well correlated with fluctuation level of in situ plasma density. These results are discussed in the context of previous studies.
Validating reconstruction of snow water equivalent in California's Sierra Nevada using measurements from the NASAAirborne Snow Observatory
Authors: Bair Edward H. , Rittger Karl , Davis Robert E. , Painter Thomas H. , Dozier Jeff 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAccurately estimating basin‐wide snow water equivalent (SWE) is the most important unsolved problem in mountain hydrology. Models that rely on remotely sensed inputs are especially needed in ranges with few surface measurements. The NASA Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) provides estimates of SWE at 50 m spatial resolution in several basins across the Western U.S. during the melt season. Primarily, water managers use this information to forecast snowmelt runoff into reservoirs; another impactful use of ASO measurements lies in validating and improving satellite‐based snow estimates or models that can scale to whole mountain ranges, even those without ground‐based measurements. We compare ASO measurements from 2013 to 2015 to four methods that estimate spatially distributed SWE: two versions of a SWE reconstruction method, spatial interpolation from snow pillows and courses, and NOAA's Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS). SWE reconstruction downscales energy forcings to compute potential melt, then multiplies those values by satellite‐derived estimates of fractional snow‐covered area to calculate snowmelt. The snowpack is then built in reverse from the date the snow is observed to disappear. The two SWE reconstruction models tested include one that employs an energy balance calculation of snowmelt, and one that combines net radiation and degree‐day approaches to estimate melt. Our full energy balance model, without ground observations, performed slightly better than spatial interpolation from snow pillows, having no systematic bias and 26% mean absolute error when compared to SWE from ASO. Both reconstruction models and interpolation were more accurate than SNODAS.
The Potential for False Memories is Bigger than What Brewin and Andrews Suggest
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Merckelbach Harald , Jelicic Marko , Smeets Tom 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBrewin and Andrews (2016) reviewed the literature on false memory propensity for childhood events. In this commentary, we critically evaluate their basic claim that proneness to false memories of childhood experiences is more limited than has been articulated in the literature. We show that Brewin and Andrews were selective in their inclusion of false memory studies, thereby ignoring relevant research related to autobiographical false memories. Equally important, and in contrast to what Brewin and Andrews claim, we show that implanted false memories elicited by misinformation are characterized by high confidence. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Dangerously Neglecting Courtroom Realities
Authors: Smeets Tom , Merckelbach Harald , Jelicic Marko , Otgaar Henry 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBrewin and Andrews recently argued that expert witnesses should be cautious when informing the legal arena about the potential for false memories. We argue that memory researchers—whose studies often were inspired by miscarriages of justice due to erroneous statements provided by witnesses, victims, or defendants—can and should emphasize the base rates of false memories. After all, even if Brewin and Andrews' estimate of 15% is an accurate higher bound estimate of false memories in real life cases, neglecting the science of false memories could lead to many more unnecessary miscarriages of justice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Invited commentary on Brewin and Andrews (2016)
Authors: Scoboria Alan , Mazzoni Giuliana 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBrewin and Andrews (2016) make many cogent observations on the state of knowledge about the development of false autobiographical beliefs and false recollections. Owing to inconsistent use of terminology and imprecise definitions, the framework they propose does not clearly map onto the studies that are summarized, making the resulting estimates of the magnitude of effects across studies unconvincing. A singular focus on the development of ‘full memories’ is not explained, and the key role of autobiographical belief in influencing behavior is underemphasized. Furthermore, the legal applications discussed are not well defined and are limited in scope. Fostering false belief or false imagery for events such as childhood abuse is unacceptable, whether or not suggested events come to be experienced as vivid believed recollections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on Brewin and Andrews
Authors: Lindsay D. Stephen , Hyman Ira E. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBrewin and Andrews (2016) reviewed the literature on false memories of autobiographical events, discussed those findings in the context of theoretical accounts of autobiographical memory, and concluded that no more than 15% of people exposed to suggestive influences come to develop robust false memories of significant childhood events. We note several points on which we agree with Brewin and Andrews. But we also take issue with their review and their conclusions. The likelihood of false memories depends on interactions among numerous variables, and psychology is far short of the degree of theoretical precision required to specify any upper limit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
False Memories in the Laboratory and in Life: Commentary on Brewin and Andrews (2016)
Authors: McNally Richard J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryReviewing laboratory experiments, Brewin and Andrews (this issue) conclude that memory implantation techniques induce full‐blown false autobiographical memories in only 15% of subjects. Does this imply that guided imagery and related methods are unlikely to generate false memories of childhood sexual abuse in adult psychiatric patients? Not necessarily. Although these methods alone may seldom produce false memories, additional factors common in clinical settings are likely to amplify their capacity to do so in psychiatric patients (e.g., belief that repressed memories of trauma can cause symptoms; belief that these methods can recover repressed memories; high scores on dissociation measures). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological, Mechanical, and Thermal Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Multifilament Fibers Prepared by Melt Spinning
Authors: Aouat Tassadit , Kaci Mustapha , Devaux Eric , Campagne Christine , Cayla Aurélie , Dumazert Loic , Lopez‐Cuesta José‐Marie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this study, multifilament fibers based on neat poly(lactic acid) (PLA), PLA/cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs), and PLA/cellulose microcrystalline (MCC) loaded at 1 and 3 wt.% were prepared by melt‐spinning process in the presence of PLA‐grafted maleic anhydride (PLA‐g‐MA) used as the compatibilizer and PEG as the plasticizer. This study showed that the incorporation of MCC in PLA matrix whatever the loading rate was not suitable for multifilament fibers spinning compared with CNW, due to the restricted drawability and a poor dispersion of the MCC within the PLA matrix. Furthermore, the whole characterization studies indicated that the incorporation of 1 wt.% of CNW in PLA with addition of the compatibilizer led to better thermal stability, flame retardancy, and multifilament tensile properties compared with neat PLA and with other filled PLA multifilament fibers.
Alleno‐acetylenische Käfigrezeptoren (AAKs) – chiroptische Schaltung und enantioselektive Komplexierung von trans‐1,2‐Dimethylcyclohexan in einer diaxialen Konformation
Authors: Gropp Cornelius , Trapp Nils , Diederich François 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVier enantiomerenreine 1,3‐Diethinylallene (DEAs) mit terminalen OH‐Gruppen wurden am oberen Rand eines Resorcin[4]aren‐Cavitanden befestigt. Das System geht konformative Schaltung zwischen einer Käfigform, die durch ein cyclisches Netzwerk von H‐Brücken geschlossen wird, und einer offenen Form, in der die OH‐Gruppen nach außen gerichtet sind, ein. Die Käfigform überwiegt in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln, die offene Konformation in kleinen, polaren Lösungsmitteln. Beide Zustände wurden sowohl in Lösung als auch in Röntgenstrukturen von Cokristallen bestätigt. Die ECD‐Spektren der alleno‐acetylenischen Käfigrezeptoren (AAKs) sind stark konformationsabhängig, wobei der Cotton‐Effekt bei längster Wellenlänge (λ=304 nm) von Δϵ= +191 m−1 cm−1 für den offenen (P)4‐AAK⊂Acetonitril‐Komplex zu Δϵ=−691 m−1 cm−1 (ΔΔϵ=882 m−1 cm−1) für den geschlossenen (P)4‐AAK⊂Cyclohexan‐Komplex invertiert. Vollständige Racematspaltung von (±)‐trans‐1,2‐Dimethylcyclohexan wurde in Röntgenstrukturen von Cokristallen beobachtet, wobei (P)4‐AAK ausschließlich den R,R‐ und (M)4‐AAK den S,S‐konfigurierten Gast bindet. Gasteinschluss erfolgt dabei in der höherenergetischen diaxialen Konformation.
Retrograde and Direct Wave Locomotion in a Photosensitive Self‐Oscillating Gel
Authors: Ren Lin , She Weibing , Gao Qingyu , Pan Changwei , Ji Chen , Epstein Irving R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCrawling motion mediated by retrograde and direct waves, that is, in the opposite or the same direction, respectively, as the muscular wave that generates it, is a fundamental mode of biological locomotion, from which more complex and sophisticated locomotion modes involving outgrowths such as limbs and wings may have evolved. A detailed general description of muscular wave locomotion and its relationship with other modes of locomotion is a challenging task. We employ a model of a photosensitive self‐oscillating gel, in which chemical pulse waves and a stimulus‐responsive medium play roles analogous to nerve pulses and deformable muscles in an animal, to generate retrograde and direct waves under non‐uniform illumination. Analysis reveals that the directional locomotion arises from a force asymmetry that results in unequal translation lengths in the push and pull regions associated with a pulse wave. This asymmetry can be modulated by the kinetic parameters of the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction and the performance parameters of the gel, enabling a transition between retrograde and direct wave locomotion.
Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction by a Single‐Atom Implanted Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Wei Jing , Dong Juncai , Liu Guigao , Shi Li , An Pengfei , Zhao Guixia , Kong Jintao , Wang Xiaojun , Meng Xianguang , Zhang Jing , Ye Jinhua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractModular optimization of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) was realized by incorporation of coordinatively unsaturated single atoms in a MOF matrix. The newly developed MOF can selectively capture and photoreduce CO2 with high efficiency under visible‐light irradiation. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the presence of single Co atoms in the MOF can greatly boost the electron–hole separation efficiency in porphyrin units. Directional migration of photogenerated excitons from porphyrin to catalytic Co centers was witnessed, thereby achieving supply of long‐lived electrons for the reduction of CO2 molecules adsorbed on Co centers. As a direct result, porphyrin MOF comprising atomically dispersed catalytic centers exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic conversion of CO2, which is equivalent to a 3.13‐fold improvement in CO evolution rate (200.6 μmol g−1 h−1) and a 5.93‐fold enhancement in CH4 generation rate (36.67 μmol g−1 h−1) compared to the parent MOF.
Hole‐Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Calió Laura , Kazim Samrana , Grätzel Michael , Ahmad Shahzada 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe pressure to move towards renewable energy has inspired researchers to look for ideas in photovoltaics that may lead to a major breakthrough. Recently the use of perovskites as a light harvester has lead to stunning progress. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is now approaching parity (>22 %) with that of the established technology which took decades to reach this level of performance. The use of a hole transport material (HTM) remains indispensable in perovskite solar cells. Perovskites can conduct holes, but they are present at low levels, and for efficient charge extraction a HTM layer is a prerequisite. Herein we provide an overview of the diverse types of HTM available, from organic to inorganic, in the hope of encouraging further research and the optimization of these materials.
Highly Efficient Nitric Oxide Capture by Azole‐Based Ionic Liquids through Multiple‐Site Absorption
Authors: Chen Kaihong , Shi Guiling , Zhou Xiuyuan , Li Haoran , Wang Congmin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA novel method for highly efficient nitric oxide absorption by azole‐based ionic liquid was reported. The NO absorption capacity reached up to 4.52 mol per mol ionic liquid and is significant higher than the capacity other traditional absorbents. Moreover, the absorption of NO by this ionic liquid was reversible. Through a combination of experimental absorption, quantum chemical calculation, NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopic investigation, the results indicated that such high capacity originated from multiple‐site interactions between NO and the anion through the formation of NONOate with the chemical formula R1R2N−(NO−)−N=O, where R1 and R2 are alkyl groups. We believe that this highly efficient and reversible NO absorption by an azole‐based ionic liquid paves a new way for gas capture and utilization.
Morphology and Morphometry of the Ovaries and Uteri of the Amazonian Freshwater Stingrays (Potamotrygonidae: Elasmobranchii)
Authors: da Silva Maria Isabel , de Oliveira Maria Inês Braga , da Costa Oscar Tadeu Ferreira , Duncan Wallice Paxiúba 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe reproductive biology of South American freshwater stingrays (family Potamotrygonidae) is still poorly studied compared to other marine species. In the present study, we examined the gross anatomy and histology of six species of potamotrygonids from the Amazon basin and described the structural asymmetry of the ovaries and their relationship between ovarian and uterine fecundities. Stereological techniques were used to quantify the volume of ovarian and epigonal organ tissue associated with the left and right sides of the Potamotrygon wallacei, a recently described species, locally known as the cururu ray. This species presented ovarian asymmetry; the left epigonal organ‐ovary complex was 55 times larger than the right side. The right side was composed of, volumetrically, 7.3% ovarian tissue and 92.7% epigonal organ tissue whereas the left side was 51.2% of ovarian tissue and 48.8% epigonal organ tissue. In all species, six types of follicles were identified in both right and left ovaries. Uteri were symmetrical and the fecundity ratio between the right and left sides was 0.9:1.1, respectively. Despite the volumetric difference of ovarian tissue between the two sides, the uterine fecundity shows that both ovaries are functional and that ovarian fecundity alone is not an accurate measure to determine the reproductive potential of freshwater stingrays. Anat Rec, 300:265–276, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skin of the Red Eye Tree Frog Agalychnis Callidryas (Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) Contains Lipid Glands of the Type Described in the Genus Phyllomedusa
Authors: Rota Elisa , Tanteri Gianfranco , Montori Gilberto , Giachi Filippo , Delfino Giovanni , Sever David M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral anuran species of the genus Phyllomedusa are known to possess specialized cutaneous glands producing lipids and exhibit a peculiar wiping behavior. This behavior is a stereotyped repertory of fore and hind limb movements distributing hydrophobic molecules onto the body surface and reducing evaporative water loss. No reports are presently available on the occurrence of lipid glands in other phyllomedusine genera, and data on the structure of the secretory units specialized for the production of cutaneous lipids are still unclear. The present report is aimed to answer both questions: it describes lipid glands of the Phyllomedusa type in Agalychnis callidryas and provides light and transmission electron microscope evidence of the syncytial structure of their secretory units, a typical feature of serous glands in anuran skin. This morphological trait supports the hypothesis that lipid glands are a specialized subset of the anuran serous glands, and underlines their flexible role in the skin adaption to sub‐aerial environments. Anat Rec, 300:503–506, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
STING Contributes to Abnormal Bone Formation Induced by Deficiency of DNase II in Mice
Authors: Baum Rebecca , Sharma Shruti , Organ Jason M. , Jakobs Christopher , Hornung Veit , Burr David B. , Marshak‐Rothstein Ann , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Gravallese Ellen M. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveCytosolic DNA sensors detect microbial DNA and promote type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine production through the adaptor stimulator of IFN genes (STING) to resolve infection. Endogenous DNA also engages the STING pathway, contributing to autoimmune disease. This study sought to identify the role of STING in regulating bone formation and to define the bone phenotype and its pathophysiologic mechanisms in arthritic mice double deficient in DNase II and IFN‐α/β/ω receptor (IFNAR) (DNase II−/−/IFNAR−/− double‐knockout [DKO] mice) compared with controls.MethodsBone parameters were evaluated by micro–computed tomography and histomorphometry in DKO mice in comparison with mice triple deficient in STING, DNase II, and IFNAR and control mice. Cell culture techniques were employed to determine the parameters of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and function. NanoString and Affymetrix array analyses were performed to identify factors promoting ectopic bone formation.ResultsDespite the expression of proinflammatory cytokines that would be expected to induce bone loss in the skeleton of DKO mice, the results, paradoxically, demonstrated an accumulation of bone in the long bones and spleens, sites of erythropoiesis and robust DNA accrual. In addition, factors promoting osteoblast recruitment and function were induced. Deficiency of STING significantly inhibited bone accrual.ConclusionThese data reveal a novel role for cytosolic DNA sensor pathways in bone in the setting of autoimmune disease. The results demonstrate the requirement of an intact STING pathway for bone formation in this model, a finding that may have relevance to autoimmune diseases in which DNA plays a pathogenic role. Identification of pathways linking innate immunity and bone could reveal novel targets for the treatment of bone abnormalities in human autoimmune diseases.