bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pricing of spread option using simulation
Authors: Erfanian Hamid Reza , Ghaznavi Bidgoli Seyed Jaliledin , Shakibaei Parvin 
Published: October 2017

Monte Carlo simulation is one of the most common and popular method of options pricing. The advantages of this method are being easy to use, suitable for all kinds of standard and exotic options and also are suitable for higher dimensional problems. But on the other hand Monte Carlo variance convergence rate is which due to that it will have relatively slow convergence rate to answer the problems, as to achieve accuracy when it has been d-dimensions, complexity is . For this purpose, several methods are provided in quasi Monte Carlo simulation to increase variance convergence rate as variance reduction techniques, so far. One of the latest presented methods is multilevel Monte Carlo that is introduced by Giles in 2008. This method not only reduces the complexity of computing amount in use of Euler discretization scheme and the amount in use of Milstein discretization scheme, but also has the ability to combine with other variance reduction techniques. In this paper, using Multilevel Monte Carlo method by taking Milstein discretization scheme, pricing spread option and compared complexity of computing with standard Monte Carlo method. The results of Multilevel Monte Carlo method in pricing spread options are better than standard Monte Carlo simulation.
Scalable replay-based replication for fast databases
Authors: Qin Dai , Brown Angela Demke , Goel Ashvin 
Published: October 2017

Primary-backup replication is commonly used for providing fault tolerance in databases. It is performed by replaying the database recovery log on a backup server. Such a scheme raises several challenges for modern, high-throughput multi-core databases. It is hard to replay the recovery log concurrently, and so the backup can become the bottleneck. Moreover, with the high transaction rates on the primary, the log transfer can cause network bottlenecks. Both these bottlenecks can significantly slow the primary database.
In this paper, we propose using record-replay for replicating fast databases. Our design enables replay to be performed scalably and concurrently, so that the backup performance scales with the primary performance. At the same time, our approach requires only 15--20% of the network bandwidth required by traditional logging, reducing network infrastructure costs significantly.
Relaxed operator fusion for in-memory databases
Authors: Menon Prashanth , Mowry Todd C. , Pavlo Andrew 
Published: October 2017

In-memory database management systems (DBMSs) are a key component of modern on-line analytic processing (OLAP) applications, since they provide low-latency access to large volumes of data. Because disk accesses are no longer the principle bottleneck in such systems, the focus in designing query execution engines has shifted to optimizing CPU performance. Recent systems have revived an older technique of using just-in-time (JIT) compilation to execute queries as native code instead of interpreting a plan. The state-of-the-art in query compilation is to fuse operators together in a query plan to minimize materialization overhead by passing tuples efficiently between operators. Our empirical analysis shows, however, that more tactful materialization yields better performance.
We present a query processing model called "relaxed operator fusion" that allows the DBMS to introduce staging points in the query plan where intermediate results are temporarily materialized. This allows the DBMS to take advantage of inter-tuple parallelism inherent in the plan using a combination of prefetching and SIMD vectorization to support faster query execution on data sets that exceed the size of CPU-level caches. Our evaluation shows that our approach reduces the execution time of OLAP queries by up to 2.2× and achieves up to 1.8× better performance compared to other in-memory DBMSs.
Quale dio per quale vita?
Authors: Torri Paolo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe article consists of an analysis of Chapter 28 of theDidaskalikosof Alcinous, a compendium of Platonic doctrine which, most probably, goes back to imperial Platonism or Middle Platonism. In this chapter Alcinous sets out the doctrine of the τέλος (or the end of life, the ethical ideal) through the formula ὁμοίωσις θεῷ (“assimilation to god”). Beginning from a reading of the chapter, various solutions are proposed to exegetical problems, which are still debated, concerning the significance of this formula within Platonic ethics of the imperial period. In particular, a careful study of the identity of the ἐπουράνιος θεός (“the god above the heavens”), towards whom, so Alcinous specifies, ὁμοίωσις should be directed, has produced new results compared to the existing scholarly tradition. The final part of the article treats another passage relevant to the reception of the doctrine, raising doubts about the traditional reading as concerns the nature of the θεωρητικὸς βίος, which will emerge as the most comprehensive idea of philosophical life, which cannot be reduced to the contemplative life alone.
Reconstructing the Molecular Function of Genetic Variation in Regulatory Networks
Authors: Wilentzik Roni , Ye Chun Jimmie , Gat-Viks Irit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGenetic studies have recognized hundreds of genomic quantitative trait loci as potential contributors to inherited transcriptional variation in response..Over the past decade, genetic studies have recognized hundreds of polymorphic DNA loci called response QTLs (reQTLs) as potential contributors to interindividual variation in transcriptional responses to stimulations. Such reQTLs commonly affect the transduction of signals along the regulatory network that controls gene transcription. Identifying the pathways through which reQTLs perturb the underlying network has been a major challenge. Here, we present GEVIN (“Genome-wide Embedding of Variation In Networks”), a methodology that simultaneously identifies a reQTL and the particular pathway in which the reQTL affects downstream signal transduction along the network. Using synthetic data, we show that this algorithm outperforms existing pathway identification and reQTL identification methods. We applied GEVIN to the analysis of murine and human dendritic cells in response to pathogenic components. These analyses revealed significant reQTLs together with their perturbed Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. GEVIN thus offers a powerful framework that renders a comprehensive picture of disease-related DNA loci and their molecular functions within regulatory networks.
The Hybrid Incompatibility Genes Lhr and Hmr Are Required for Sister Chromatid Detachment During Anaphase but Not for Centromere Function
Authors: Blum Jacob A , Bonaccorsi Silvia , Marzullo Marta , Palumbo Valeria , Yamashita Yukiko M , Barbash Daniel A , Gatti Maurizio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Crosses between Drosophila melanogaster females and Drosophila simulans males produce hybrid sons that die at the larval stage. This hybrid lethality is suppressed by loss-of-function mutations in the D. melanogaster Hybrid male rescue (Hmr) or in the D. simulans Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr) genes. Previous studies have shown that Hmr and Lhr interact with heterochromatin proteins and suppress expression of transposable elements within D. melanogaster. It also has been proposed that Hmr and Lhr function at the centromere. We examined mitotic divisions in larval brains from Hmr and Lhr single mutants and Hmr; Lhr double mutants in D. melanogaster. In none of the mutants did we observe defects in metaphase chromosome alignment or hyperploid cells, which are hallmarks of centromere or kinetochore dysfunction. In addition, we found that Hmr-HA and Lhr-HA do not colocalize with centromeres either during interphase or mitotic division. However, all mutants displayed anaphase bridges and chromosome aberrations resulting from the breakage of these bridges, predominantly at the euchromatin–heterochromatin junction. The few dividing cells present in hybrid males showed fuzzy and irregularly condensed chromosomes with unresolved sister chromatids. Despite this defect in condensation, chromosomes in hybrids managed to align on the metaphase plate and undergo anaphase. We conclude that there is no evidence for a centromeric function of Hmr and Lhr within D. melanogaster nor for a centromere defect causing hybrid lethality. Instead, we find that Hmr and Lhr are required in D. melanogaster for detachment of sister chromatids during anaphase.
Distinguishing Among Modes of Convergent Adaptation Using Population Genomic Data
Authors: Lee Kristin M , Coop Graham 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCases of convergent adaptation demonstrate the power of natural selection and can be used as an important tool for studying the molecular and ecological..Geographically separated populations can convergently adapt to the same selection pressure. Convergent evolution at the level of a gene may arise via three distinct modes. The selected alleles can (1) have multiple independent mutational origins, (2) be shared due to shared ancestral standing variation, or (3) spread throughout subpopulations via gene flow. We present a model-based, statistical approach that utilizes genomic data to detect cases of convergent adaptation at the genetic level, identify the loci involved and distinguish among these modes. To understand the impact of convergent positive selection on neutral diversity at linked loci, we make use of the fact that hitchhiking can be modeled as an increase in the variance in neutral allele frequencies around a selected site within a population. We build on coalescent theory to show how shared hitchhiking events between subpopulations act to increase covariance in allele frequencies between subpopulations at loci near the selected site, and extend this theory under different models of migration and selection on the same standing variation. We incorporate this hitchhiking effect into a multivariate normal model of allele frequencies that also accounts for population structure. Based on this theory, we present a composite-likelihood-based approach that utilizes genomic data to identify loci involved in convergence, and distinguishes among alternate modes of convergent adaptation. We illustrate our method on genome-wide polymorphism data from two distinct cases of convergent adaptation. First, we investigate the adaptation for copper toxicity tolerance in two populations of the common yellow monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus. We show that selection has occurred on an allele that has been standing in these populations prior to the onset of copper mining in this region. Lastly, we apply our method to data from four populations of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, that show very rapid convergent adaptation for tolerance to industrial pollutants. Here, we identify a single locus at which both independent mutation events and selection on an allele shared via gene flow, either slightly before or during selection, play a role in adaptation across the species’ range.
Industrie 4.0: Formação de Redes de Projeto em Manufatura Distribuída
Authors: Cardoso dos Santos Durão Luiz Fernando , De Carvalho Marly Monteiro , Zancul Eduardo de Senzi 
Published: October 2017

A integração de tecnologias modernas de Internet e tecnologias de manufatura, o que vem se denominando de Industrie 4.0, permite a produção distribuída usando manufatura aditiva em escala global com integração de máquinas e de processos. No entanto, manufatura distribuída impõe muitos desafios quanto a padronização, ao controle de qualidade e a gestão da informação em diferentes locais de fabricação. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a formação de redes em projetos de manufatura distribuída, identificando seus atores e tipos de conexões ao longo do projeto. A abordagem metodológica foi de pesquisa-ação longitudinal para um projeto de manufatura distribuída com foco em manufatura flexível, sendo a fábrica central localizada na Alemanha e o sítio de produção localizado no Brasil. O design e engenharia que gerou o modelo de produto foi desenvolvido na Alemanha, enquanto que o sítio de manufatura aditiva, a infraestrutura produtiva e as máquinas são localizados no Brasil, formando uma rede de desenvolvimento e manufatura distribuída. Os resultados permitiram identificar como é organizada a comunicação e o compartilhamento do conhecimento entre os envolvidos no projeto de manufatura distribuída, e, além disso, compreender que tipo de conhecimento é compartilhado entre os envolvidos.
Revisiting Graduate Student Training to Address Agricultural and Environmental Societal Challenges
Authors: Duckworth Owen W. , Andrews Megan Y. , Cubeta Marc A. , Grunden Amy M. , Ojiambo Peter S. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Society is faced with daunting environmental and agricultural challenges.
There is a pressing need for multidisciplinary teams of collaborative scientists.
Novel graduate educational models may be needed to train students to address grand challenges.
An example of illustrating the model through microbiome science of plants and soil is presented.
Society and the higher education system are faced with daunting challenges associated with supplying food, energy, and water to a growing population while maintaining environmental quality and preserving natural resources. Too often, the higher education system does not facilitate collaborative immersion required to foster concerted multidisciplinary efforts needed to address societal grand challenges. In this commentary, we present an innovative model of cohort education, which equips graduate students with core skills and enables collaborative dissertation research among students. In addition, we provide an example of a program aimed at understanding the plant–soil microbiome, a critical research area that may yield significant advances in plant health and productivity.
Residual Fertilizer, Crop Sequence, and Water Availability Impact Rotational Nitrogen Balances
Authors: Maaz Tai , Pan William 
Published: October 2017

Inter‐seasonal N carryover increased subsequent crop N recovery.
Increases in yield and N uptake after pea were partly attributed to higher N supply.
The benefit of pea preceding winter wheat increased with increasing available water.
Constructed rotation N balances incorporated inter‐seasonal changes in soil N supply.
Rotational N use was modeled across a range of water‐limited environments.
Accounting for multiple N sources provides an opportunity to improve rotational nitrogen use efficiency (rNUE) relative to single seasons. The project objectives were to assess the residual effects of fertilizer on subsequent crop yields and N recovery, attribute differences in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield due to changes in N supply following pea (Pisum sativum L.), examine changes in N balances and grain yields across varying water availability, and develop and apply a multi‐year regression model that assesses changes in rotational N balances in water‐limited cropping systems. Fifty to 160 kg N ha−1 were unaccounted for following spring canola (Brassica napus L.) harvest, and excessive fertilization led to increases in post‐harvest residual N and crop residue N. Subsequent crops accumulated 10 to 15 kg more grain N ha−1, when following fertilized canola, while rotational apparent fertilizer N recovery ranged from 3 to 15%, primarily in the second year. The residual effect of fertilization was only attributed to residual soil N since net N mineralization was not statistically affected. Economic optimal yields of winter wheat were almost 900 kg ha−1 greater following pea than wheat due to elevated soil N supply and other rotational effects, increasing with water availability. A method of analyzing rotational N use is presented that integrates the effects of year‐to‐year changes in N supply across a range of yields, from which N balances may be constructed based on the emerging relationships among yield potential and soil and plant N processes.
Influence of Droplet Size of Foliar‐Applied Nitrogen on Grain Protein Content of Hard Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Wyatt Ethan C. , Bushong Jacob T. , Macnack Natasha E. , Mullock Jeremiah L. , Taylor Randy , Raun William R. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Application of foliar‐applied N postanthesis increased grain protein concentration (GPC).
Increasing GPC of wheat may allow producers to avoid costly discounts and obtain premiums.
No differences were observed in performance among three common agronomic droplet sizes.
Improvement in GPC is related to the amount of N measured in the flag leaf after foliar N application.
Larger increases in GPC are observed when grain yields are at or above average.
Effectively increasing the grain protein concentration (GPC) of hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) would allow producers to obtain adequate GPC levels while avoiding costly discounts and potentially obtaining protein premiums. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of different droplet sizes and N rates applied postanthesis to winter wheat grain yield, GPC, and flag‐leaf N concentrations. Foliar applications of N were made postanthesis at rates of 10 and 20 lb N/acre. Each N rate was applied at three different droplet sizes: fine, medium, coarse. The application of foliar N postanthesis did not greatly influence grain yield, but it typically increased the final GPC. The improvement in GPC was significantly related to the amount of N measured in the flag leaf after the foliar N application. Larger increases in GPC were observed when grain yields were at or above the average for the region. No consistent effect of droplet size on GPC and flag‐leaf N was observed. In conclusion, applying foliar N fertilizer postanthesis potentially allows producers to effectively manage and manipulate their final GPC of HRW wheat.
Overview of the Forage Land‐Use in Southern Chile in a Thirty‐Year Period
Authors: Moscoso Cristian J. , Urrutia Natalie L. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Land‐use for forage decreased in the three regions, but not at the country level.
Naturalized land without cultural treatment represents the 88% of all forage land.
Cultivated forages represented less than 3.6% of all forage use at the country level.
Total forage area in the main grazing regions are being reduced over time.
A Conceptual Model of Fate and Transport Processes for RDX Deposited to Surface Soils of North American Active Demolition Sites
Authors: Lapointe Marie‐Claude , Martel Richard , Diaz Emmanuela 
Published: October 2017

The use of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) as an energetic material (EM) in ammunition constituents such as detonators, primers, mines, and rocket boosters and in plastic explosives has led to an international warning on possible soil, surface water, and groundwater contamination on military training sites. In Canada, the demolition sites of range training areas are known to be the second most contaminated sites by EM residues in terms of their concentrations in soil after anti‐tank ranges. This research proposes a conceptual model of the presence of RDX at the field scale at demolition sites according to previous soil and water characterization studies. This model illustrates the origin of RDX contamination, the main RDX transport pathways and processes, and the main threatened receptors. This conceptual model is of importance to visualize and understand RDX's environmental fate and behavior and to ultimately enable the production of a detailed quantitative model that can help to manage those RDX‐contaminated sites.Core Ideas
RDX is mostly found in the form of aggregates of various sizes and shapes.
A field‐scale conceptual model of the source zone of RDX at Canadian demolition sites.
We illustrate RDX's complex multiphysical phenomenon and its environmental behavior.
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis‐Nir‐Swir) as a Promising Tool for Blue Carbon Quantification in Mangrove Soils: A Case of Study in Tropical Semiarid Climatic Conditions
Authors: Romero Danilo J. , Nóbrega Gabriel N. , Otero Xosé L. , Ferreira Tiago O. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
The full‐range DRS spectrum (350–2500 nm) generated the best model of prediction.
Further DRS studies are necessary to cope with the variability in the mangrove soils.
DRS is an effective and fast method for blue carbon stock quantification in mangroves.
The assessment of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in mangrove ecosystems is essential for coastal management activities seeking the mitigation of CO2 emissions. However, the wet chemical analysis conventionally used to quantify SOC may overestimate SOC content due to oxidation of reduced compounds. This work focused on the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for predicting SOC in mangrove forest areas. When used properly, DRS may be, in some cases, a more accurate and more efficient method for the determination of SOC in mangrove soils than conventional analytical approaches. Furthermore, variable selection may simplify and improve prediction accuracy, reducing collinearity in the dataset used and allowing better SOC quantification through more interpretable and robust models.
Detection of Formation of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Based on its Optical Properties
Authors: Kumar Palanirajan Vijayaraj , Abdelkarim Maki Marwan Abdelmahmoud , Takahje Mhd Luay , Wei Yeong Siew , Tatt Lee Ming , Bin Abdul Majeed Abu Bakar 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) is a protein used
to treat oral mucositis caused by radio and chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancy.
The rHuKGF is available in the form of intravenous bolus injection. In this study, new formulation
of rHuKGF-loaded chitosan nanoparticles was developed to improve patient compliance.

Methods:
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with rHuKGF were prepared by ionic gelation
method. The tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linked with chitosan molecules at pH >5.0 and form the
nanoparticles. An infrared spectroscopic technique was conducted to confirm the formation of
nanoparticles as a result of ionotropic interaction between TPP and chitosan. Zeta Sizer was used to
determine the size, polydispersity index (PdI) and zeta potential of the prepared nanoparticles. The
morphological characteristics of CNPs were measured by field emission scanning electron microscope.
During the formation of CNPs, the rHuKGF was entrapped in the nanoparticles. The loading
capacity of rHuKGF in CNPs was observed to be dependent on how much amount of rHuKGF/TPP
solution was added to convert all the chitosan molecules to form nanoparticles. A double beam
UV/Vis spectroscopic method was used to detect the formation of these rHuKGF loaded CNPs based
on their optical properties.

Results:
The produced rHuKGF-loaded CNPs were colorless, cloudy, and positively charged monodisperse
with a spherical shape. The prepared CNPs have particles size of 119 ± 74.62 nm, surface
charge of +20.3 ± 6.46 mV and 0.217 polydispersity index. The shape of prepared CNPs was found
to be spherical using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The interfacial polyelectrolyte
complexation between TPP and chitosan was confirmed by comparing the FTIR spectra of
TPP, chitosan, physical mixture of chitosan and TPP and CNPs. The loading capacity of the rHuKGF
in CNPs was found to be 93.3 ± 2.02%. The formation of rHuKGF loaded CNPs was detected by
double beam UV/Vis Spectroscopy at 232.2 nm.

Conclusion:
The results of the current work were utilized for designing a continuous monitoring and
detection system for the formation of CNPs. The outcomes of this technique are useful to avoid the
loss of rHuKGF during nanoparticle formation and improving the loading capacity of CNPs.