bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF PYRONOCONDENSED 2‐PYRIDONE, COUMARINS, AND 2‐QUINOLONES BY USING THE KAPPE‐MAYER MODIFICATION OF THE VON PECHMANN REACTION
Authors: WOLFBEIS O. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Pyridone (I) kondensieren mit den Acetessigesterderivaten (II) in Gegenwart von Ammoniumacetat zu den Pyronopyridonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS USING ALLYLIDENEDIHYDROPYRIDINES. 9. FIRST PREPARATION OF THIINO(3,2‐A)INDOLIZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: KAKEHI A. , ITO S. , OHIZUMI T. , MAEDA T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie bekannten Pyridiniumsalze (I) reagieren mit den β‐Ethoxy‐acrylnitrilen (II) in basischem Milieu zu den Verbindungen (III), die beim′ Erhitzen unter Eliminierung von Mercaptanen zu den Cyclisierungsprodukten (IV) bzw. (V) in hohen Ausbeuten führen.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. XIX. THE REACTION OF THE THIAZOLO(3,2‐B)PYRIDAZINIUM PERCHLORATES WITH CARBANIONS
Authors: SATOH K. , MIYASAKA T. , ARAKAWA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Kondensation der Pyridaziniumperchlorate (II) mit den CH‐aciden Verbindungen (I) in Gegenwart von Natriumethylat führt zu den Betainen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN THE HETEROCYCLIC SERIES. XVI. OPEN AZAPHENOTHIAZINES AS NEW CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS
Authors: OKAFOR C. O. , STEENBERG M. L. , BUCKLEY J. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Aminopyridin (I) wird auf bekannte Weise das Betain (IV) hergestellt, das mit Chlorpyrimidinen (V) zu den Bis‐hetarylaminen (VI) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐DIHYDROTHIENOPYRIMIDINES. III. ALKYLATION OF 2‐CHLORO‐3,4,5,6,7,8‐HEXAHYDRO(1)BENZOTHIENO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINES AND RELATED NEW HETEROCYCLES
Authors: YAMAGUCHI H. , ISHIKAWA F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Alkylierung der Thienopyrimidine (III) mit Benzylhalogeniden (II) erfolgt in 1‐Stellung, während die Reaktion mit Methyliodid oder Halogencarbonylverbindungen (IV) zu den 3‐Alkylderivaten (V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF 1,2‐DIHYDRO‐2‐(3‐PYRIDYL)‐3H‐PYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDIN‐4‐ONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: PARISH H. A. JUN. , GILLIOM R. D. , PURCELL W. P. , BROWNE R. K. , SPIRK R. F. , WHITE H. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Carbonsäure (I) ergibt durch Veresterung, Ammonolyse und Cyclisierung die im Titel genannte Verbindung (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINES. THE SYNTHESIS OF THE 5‐DEAZA ANALOGS OF AMINOPTERIN, METHOTREXATE, FOLIC ACID, AND N10‐METHYLFOLIC ACID
Authors: TEMPLE C. JUN. , ELLIOTT R. D. , MONTGOMERY J. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Brom‐essigsäure (I) erhält man in Gegenwart von Phosphoroxychlorid mit Dimethylformamid (II) das Tris‐dimethylaminomethylen‐methan (III), das alkalisch zum schwer isolierbaren Tris‐formyl‐methan (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐AMINO‐7‐(β‐D‐ARABINOFURANOSYL)PYRROLO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDIN‐4(3H)‐ONE. SYNTHESIS OF ARA‐7‐DEAZAGUANOSINE VIA PHASE‐TRANSFER GLYCOSYLATION
Authors: SEELA F. , WINKELER H.‐D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnter Phasen‐Transfer‐ Bedingungen erhält man aus dem Pyrrolopyrimidin (I) und der Bromarabinofuranose (II) die beiden Kondensate (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: URACIL DERIVATIVES. III. SYNTHESES AND GROWTH‐INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST L‐1210 CELLS OF 5,6‐DISUBSTITUTED URACILS
Authors: OKADA J. , NAKANO K. , MIYAKE H. , YASUFUKU S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWie im Formelschema dargestellt, werden die Uracilcarbonsäureester (III) und die Amide (V) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOXICAM AND RELATED 4‐HYDROXY‐N‐ISOXAZOLYL‐2H‐1,2‐BENZOTHIAZINE‐3‐CARBOXAMIDE, 1,1‐DIOXIDES. POTENT NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENTS
Authors: ZINNES H. , SIRCAR J. C. , LINDO N. , SCHWARTZ M. L. , FABIAN A. C. , SHAVEL J. JUN. , KASULANIS C. F. , GENZER J. D. , LUTOMSKI C. , DIPASQUALE G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Carbonsäureamide (III) erhält man aus den Carbonsäureestern (I) und den Aminoisoxazolen (II) in Gegenwart von Molekularsieben.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF BORON. 126. STUDIES ON THE SUBSTITUENT EXCHANGE USING BORON‐10 ISOTOPIC LABELING: A “BRIDGE EXCHANGE” TRIAZA‐ AND THIAZADIBOROLIDINES
Authors: NOETH H. + , STAUDIGL R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Reaktion des Triazadiborolidins (I) mit den Trithiadiborolanen (II) beobachtet man einen sehr schnellen Austausch der Ringhydrazino‐Gruppe gegen die Ringdisulfid‐Gruppe (Bildung von (III) und (IV)).
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED NEW CARBON‐PHOSPHORUS BOND FORMATION
Authors: HIRAO T. , MASUNAGA T. , YAMADA N. , OHSHIRO Y. , AGAWA T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Pd‐katalysierte Reaktion der Arylhalogenide (II) mit den Dialkylphosphiten (III) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin ergibt die Dialkyl‐arylphosphonate (I).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐NAPHTHALENEDIYLBIS(DIMETHYLPHOSPHINE): CONSEQUENCES OF STERIC CROWDING ON METHYLATION AND BORYLATION
Authors: COSTA T. , SCHMIDBAUR H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (II) wird durch Umsetzung des 1,8‐Dilithio‐Derivats von Naphthalin (I) mit Chlorodimethylphosphin dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: LOW‐COORDINATED PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. 9. PERICYCLIC REACTIONS IN PHOSPHA‐1,5‐HEXADIENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: APPEL R. , BARTH V. , HALSTENBERG M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhenyl‐bis‐[trimethylsilyl]‐phosphin (I) reagiert mit Phenylisocyaniddichlorid (II) zu dem rac. und meso‐Diastereomeren des Tetraphosphahexadien (III).
ChemInform Abstract: VITAMIN SYNTHESES VIA CARBENE COMPLEXES. II. CARBONYL CARBENE COMPLEX‐INDUCED D SYNTHESIS OF VITAMINS OF THE K1 AND K2 SERIES
Authors: DOETZ K. H. + , PRUSKIL I. , MUEHLEMEIER J. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Carben‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit den isoprenoiden Eninen (II) zu den Dihydrovitamin K‐chrom(0)‐Komplexen (III); dabei erreicht man durch sorgfältige Chromatographie an Kieselgel, wie am Beispiel von (IIIa) gezeigt wurde, eine Trennung in ein 2‐Phytyl‐ und eine 3‐Phytylderivat.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEX REACTIONS. XI. REACTIONS OF COMPLEX LIGANDS. XXII. KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF TRICARBONYL (NAPHTHOL)CHROMIUM COMPLEXES FROM PENTACARBONYL((METHOXY)(PHENYL)CARBENE)‐CHROMIUM(0) AND ALKYNES
Authors: FISCHER H. , MUEHLEMEIER J. + , MAERKL R. + , DOETZ K. H. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Carbenkomplex (I) reagiert mit den Alkinen (IIb) und (IIc) zu einem Stereoisomerengemisch aus (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF OCTAHEDRAL NITROSYLCHROMIUM COMPLEXES FROM (BENZENE)TRICARBONYLCHROMIUM
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , HAUMAIER L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung von (II) mit ClNO entsteht unterhalb von ‐30°C zunächst die durch Lösungsmittel stabilisierte Zwischenstufe (I), die zu den Nitrosylkomplexen (IV) bzw. (V) weiterreagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL‐THIOKETENE COMPLEXES. III. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF THIOKETENE COMPLEXES FROM HEXACARBONYLCHROMIUM, HEXACARBONYLTUNGSTEN, AND TRICARBONYL(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)MANGANESE
Authors: WORMSBAECHER D. + , EDELMANN F. , BEHRENS U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie stabilen Thioketene (I) reagieren photochemisch mit den Titelmetallverbindungen zu den Komplexen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: DEPROTONATION AND SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF TRINUCLEAR IRON CLUSTERS FE3(CO)9(H)(SR)
Authors: WINTER A. , ZSOLNAI L. , HUTTNER G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen (I) wurden durch Reaktion von Fe3(CO)12 mit Thioalkoholen bei 70°C in Toluol dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL FULVENE COMPLEXES. XVIII. (FULVENE)NICKEL(0) COMPLEXES. STRUCTURAL COMPARISON OF (1,5‐CYCLOOCTADIENE)(6,6‐DIPHENYLFULVENE)NICKEL AND TRICARBONYL(6,6‐DIPHENYLFULVENE)IRON
Authors: EDELMANN F. , LUBKE B. , BEHRENS U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung des Ni‐Komplexes (I) mit den 6,6‐Diarylfulvenen (II) sind die Komplexe (III) leicht zugänglich.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MECHANISM OF ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION. CHIRAL BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)‐α‐PHENYLALKANE COMPLEXES IN CATALYTIC AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES
Authors: BROWN J. M. , MURRER B. A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract(R)‐1,2‐Bis‐[diphenylphosphino]‐phenylethan (IV) wird in guter Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylene dioxime‐palladium(II) Complexes. A "Non‐Bonded" Pd·····H Interaction in a Chelating Six‐membered Ring.
Authors: HOSOKAWA T. , OHTA T. , MARAHASHI S.‐I. , KIDO M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Methylendioxime (I) reagieren mit Palladiumchlorid (II) zu den Methylendioxim‐palladium‐Komplexen (III), in denen die Liganden Boot‐Konformation besitzen.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC CYCLIZATION OF POLYENE ALLYLSILANES. SYNTHESIS OF ALBICANYL ACETATE
Authors: ARMSTRONG R. J. , HARRIS F. L. , WEILER L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie β‐Ketoester (I) werden nach Überführung in die Enolphosphate mit Trimethylsilylmethylmagnesiumchlorid in Gegenwart von Ni(acac)2 als Katalysator in die Allylsilane (II) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF RACEMIC 2‐DESOXYSTEMODINONE AND STEMODINOL; THE IDENTITY OF NATURAL “STEMODINOL” WITH STEMARIN
Authors: KELLY R. B. , HARLEY M. L. , ALWARD S. J. , MANCHAND P. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas aus dem Ketoalkohol (Ia) über die Stufen (Ib)‐(III) dargestellte Diterpenoid "Stemodinol" (IVa) ist nicht identisch mit dem irrtümlich so benannten Naturprodukt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRICYCLIC DITERPENES FROM THE BROWN MARINE ALGAE DICTYOTA DIVARICATA AND DICTYOTA LINEARIS
Authors: CREWS P. , KLEIN T. E. , HOGUE E. R. , MYERS B. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs werden die beiden Diterpene (I) und (II) sowie Derivate wie (III) u.a. isoliert und identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: A‐RING BROMINATION OF ESTRADIOL AND 17α‐ETHYNYLESTRADIOL WITH N‐CHLOROSUCCINIMIDE AND BROMIDE ION. POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR HYPOBROMITE INTERMEDIATES
Authors: WILBUR D. S. , O'BRIEN H. A. JUN. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEstradiol (Ia) sowie die 17a‐Ethinyl‐Verbindung (Ib) werden mit N‐Chlorsuccinimid/Brom und ähnlichen Systemen behandelt und die Anteile an den verschiedenen Mono‐ und Dibrom‐Verbindungen (II) in Relation zu den Bedingungen ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF ATANINE, KHAPLOFOLINE, AND THEIR ANALOGS
Authors: RAMESH M. , ARISVARAN V. , RAJENDRAN S. P. , SHANMUGAM P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den Chinolyl‐essigsäuren (I) erhält man mit Isobutyraldehyd (II) die Alkylidenlactone (III), die zu (IV) verseift werden und nach Decarboxylierung die isomeren Olefine (V) und (VI) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEIC ACID RELATED COMPOUNDS. 38. SMOOTH AND HIGH‐YIELD IODINATION AND CHLORINATION AT C‐5 OF URACIL BASES AND P‐TOLYL‐PROTECTED NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: ROBINS M. J. , BARR P. J. , GIZIEWICZ J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Behandlung der Uracilbasen und geschützten Nucleoside (I) mit 2 Äquivalenten Iodmonochlorid in Methanol bei 50°C bzw. mit 1,2 Äquivalenten Iodbenzoldichlorid in heißer Essigsäure führt in sehr hohen Ausb. zu den S‐Iod‐ bzw. 5‐Chlorprodukten (II) bzw. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5‐(METHYLAMINO)‐1‐β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYLIMIDAZOLE‐4‐CARBOXAMIDE, A SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATE FOR 3‐METHYL‐9‐β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYLPURINES
Authors: ITAYA T. , MATSUMOTO H. , WATANABE T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Ribose‐ Derivat (Ia) werden über die Stufen (Ib)‐(Id) die geschützten Ribofuranosylpurine (IIb)‐(IId) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2′,3′‐DIFFERENTIATED RIBONUCLEOSIDES VIA GLYCOSYLATION REACTIONS WITH 2‐O‐ME OR 2‐O‐TBDMS RIBOFURANOSE DERIVATIVES. 1. PYRIMIDINE SERIES
Authors: CHAVIS C. , DUMONT F. , WIGHTMAN R. H. , ZIEGLER J. C. , IMBACH J. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Methylierung von 1,3,5‐Tri‐O‐benzyl‐a‐D‐ribofuranose (I) mit Diazomethan liefert die 2‐Methyl‐Verbindung (IIa), während die Sily1ierung, speziell in Gegenwart von Triazol, zum 2‐O‐Silyl‐Derivat (IIb) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOCONTROLLED PARTIAL SYNTHESIS OF 1α‐HYDROXY VITAMIN D3
Authors: VANMAELE L. J. , DE CLERCQ P.‐J. , VANDEWALLE M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird eine neue stereokontrollierte Partialsynthese für l‐a‐Hydroxyvitamin‐D3 beschrieben, die von 7‐Dehydrocholesterin (Ia) ausgeht.
ChemInform Abstract: ENHANCED ANTITUMOR PROPERTIES OF 3′‐(4‐MORPHOLINYL) AND 3′‐(4‐METHOXY‐1‐PIPERIDINYL) DERIVATIVES OF 3′‐DEAMINODAUNORUBICIN
Authors: MOSHER C. W. , WU H. Y. , FUJIWARA A. N. , ACTON E. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Cyclopentenol (Ia) wird als Methylether (Ib) in das Diol (II) übergeführt, dessen Periodat‐Spaltung den Methoxyglutaraldehyd (IIIa) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF TYLOSIN, A 16‐MEMBERED MACROLIDE, AND ITS STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP
Authors: MATSUBARA H. , MIYANO K. , NAKAGAWA A. , OMURA S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBeim Abbau des Macrolids (I) mit 0.2 N Salzsäure erhält man ein neuartiges bicyclisches Macrolid (II).
Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Graphenic Carbon: An Efficient Conducting Support for O2 Cathode
Authors: Xing Zhenyu , Luo Xiangyi , Qi Yitong , Stickle William F. , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHerein, we synthesize a nanoporous N‐doped graphenic carbon with high surface area and a higher graphenization/graphitic degree by further developing the metallothermic reduction of gaseous CO2 by adding N2 into the gas flow. The N‐doped nanoporous carbon is composed of both a highly porous graphenic and non‐graphitic matrix and homogeneously dispersed ordered graphitic nanodomains, which constitute a very unique composite carbon structure. The resulting N‐doped graphenic carbon exhibits much more favorable reactivity as a carbon conducting support in the O2 cathode of Li‐O2 batteries, increasing the specific capacity of the GC electrode from 5300 to 9600 mAh g−1. The N‐doped carbon also exhibits lower overpotentials during initial cycling for the charging process as well as an enhanced cycling performance compared to the undoped carbon. These results demonstrate that N‐doping has a strong correlation with the enhanced performance of O2 cathode of Li‐O2 batteries.
A pH‐Responsive Soluble‐Polymer‐Based Homogeneous Ruthenium Catalyst for Highly Efficient Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (ATH)
Authors: Xie Yinzheng , Wang Mengpan , Wu Xiaohui , Chen Chen , Ma Wenbo , Dong Qifeng , Yuan Mingming , Hou Zhenshan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA pH‐responsive polymer has been synthesized successfully by means of copolymerization of dimethyl aminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPA) and N‐p‐styrenesulfonyl‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine (V‐TsDPEN). The pH‐responsive polymer coordination ruthenium complex was thus prepared and employed as an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of various ketones. The polymer catalyst exhibited an attractive pH‐induced phase‐separable behavior in water: it could be dissolved in water when the pH of the solution was lower than 6.5 at the beginning of the reaction, but was precipitated completely from water when the pH of the solution was above 8.5 after reaction. Additionally, the catalysts were highly efficient for the ATH of a wide range of substrates that bore different functional groups and could be recycled easily from the aqueous solution by means of self‐separation. They could be recycled eight times without significant changes in catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.
Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil by Age in Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Goldstein Irwin , Tseng Li-Jung , Creanga Dana , Stecher Vera , Kaminetsky Jed C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionSildenafil, an oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, has been extensively investigated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in randomized controlled trials.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil vs placebo according to age subgroups (&lt;65, 65–74, and ≥75 years) in 11,364 men with erectile dysfunction using pooled data from 48 randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, flexible-dose trials.MethodsMost trials had a 12-week treatment duration. The starting sildenafil dose was 50 mg, taken 1 hour before sexual activity, with subsequent adjustment to 100 or 25 mg based on efficacy and safety. Men taking nitrate therapy or nitric oxide donors and men with severe cardiac failure, unstable angina, or recent stroke or myocardial infarction were excluded. Efficacy analyses included all subjects with baseline and at least one postrandomization evaluation. Safety analyses included subjects who received study medication.Main Outcome MeasuresThe International Index of Erectile Function and a global assessment question (“Did the treatment improve your erections?”).ResultsMean International Index of Erectile Function scores for question 3 (frequency of penetration), question 4 (maintenance of erections after penetration), and the erectile function domain were statistically significantly improved with sildenafil vs placebo for each age subgroup; orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction domain scores also were statistically significantly improved with sildenafil vs placebo. The percentage of men reporting improved erections on the global assessment question was statistically significantly higher with sildenafil vs placebo for all age subgroups; the percentage with sildenafil tended to decrease with increasing age (&lt;65 years, 80%; 65–74 years, 69%; ≥75 years, 59%). The most common adverse events with sildenafil were headache and flushing in each age subgroup.ConclusionSildenafil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for erectile dysfunction regardless of patient age, including men at least 75 years old.
Implanted Muscle-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes, but Their Repair Capacity Is Impaired by Their Prior Exposure to the Diabetic Milieu
Authors: Kovanecz Istvan , Vernet Dolores , Masouminia Maryam , Gelfand Robert , Loni Leila , Aboagye James , Tsao James , Rajfer Jacob , Gonzalez-Cadavid Nestor F. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionMuscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and other SCs implanted into the penile corpora cavernosa ameliorate erectile dysfunction in type 1 diabetic rat models by replenishing lost corporal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and decreasing fibrosis. However, there are no conclusive data from models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity.AimTo determine whether MDSCs from obese Zucker (OZ) rats with T2D at an early stage of diabetes (early diabetic SCs isolated and cultured in low-glucose medium [ED-SCs]) counteract corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction and corporal SMC loss or lipo-fibrosis when implanted in OZ rats at a late stage of diabetes and whether MDSCs from these OZ rats with late diabetes (late diabetic SCs isolated and cultured in high-glucose medium [LD-SC]) differ from ED-SCs in gene transcriptional phenotype and repair capacity.MethodsED-SCs and LD-SCs were compared by DNA microarray assays, and ED-SCs were incubated in vitro under high-glucose conditions (ED-HG-SC). These three MDSC types were injected into the corpora cavernosa of OZ rats with late diabetes (OZ/ED, OZ/LD, and OZ/ED-HG rats, respectively). Untreated OZ and non-diabetic lean Zucker rats functioned as controls. Two months later, rats were subjected to cavernosometry and the penile shaft and corporal tissues were subjected to histopathology and DNA microarray assays.Main Outcome MeasuresIn vivo erectile dysfunction assessment by Dynamic Infusion Cavernosometry followed by histopathology marker analysis of the penile tissues.ResultsImplanted ED-SCs and ED-HG-SCs improved corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction, counteracted corporal decreases in the ratio of SMCs to collagen and fat infiltration in rats with long-term T2D, and upregulated neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide. LD-SCs acquired an inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, oxidative, and dyslipidemic transcriptional phenotype and failed to repair the corporal tissue.ConclusionMDSCs from pre-diabetic rats injected into the corpora cavernosa of rats with long-term T2D improve corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction and the underlying histopathology. In contrast, MDSCs from rats with long-term uncontrolled T2D are imprinted by the hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic milieu with a noxious phenotype associated with an impaired tissue repair capacity. SCs affected by diabetes could lack tissue repair efficacy as autografts and should be reprogrammed in vitro or substituted by SCs from allogenic non-diabetic sources.
Quality of Life of Transgender Women From China and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Xiaoshi , Zhao Lina , Wang Lie , Hao Chun , Gu Yuan , Song Wei , Zhao Qun , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Transgender women are exposed to stressful situations such as gender transition and transition-related discrimination because of their limited acceptance by the general population and inadequate government-supplied resources, which can compromise their quality of life (QOL). However, there is a paucity of research on the QOL of transgender women from China.

Aims
To assess the QOL of transgender women from China and explore its associated factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling in Shenyang, China from January 2014 to July 2014. This sample consisted of 209 transgender women. The women were interviewed face-to-face to assess their QOL and related factors using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, the Adult Dispositional (Trait) Hope Scale, and the EGO Resilience Scale.

Main Outcome Measures
Response scores were calculated based on a questionnaire design. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to explore factors associated with QOL.

Results
Transgender women who used hormone therapy reported significantly lower levels of the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) compared with those who did not (P &lt; .05). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that of the 23 independent variables, 8 were significantly associated with the PCS and 9 were significantly associated with the MCS. The PCS was significantly and negatively associated with age and being chased or insulted by law enforcement officials. The PCS was positively associated with not using hormone therapy, having no casual partners, less discrimination from friends, knowledge of HIV prevention, hope, and resilience. Educational level and being chased or insulted by law enforcement officials were negatively associated with the MCS, whereas not using hormone therapy, having no regular partners or casual partners, less discrimination from friends, less social discrimination, knowledge of HIV prevention, and hope were positively associated with the MCS.

Conclusion
Chinese transgender women reported high levels of physical QOL but low levels of mental QOL. Their mental QOL was more pronounced than their physical QOL. Transition status and sexual partnership played the most important roles in physical and mental health. Furthermore, mental QOL was best predicted by assessing positive capabilities, such as levels of hope. Future interventions should focus on recognizing transition status and identifying risky sexual partnerships, especially for the casual partners involved in these partnerships. In addition, positive capabilities are needed to ameliorate the negative impact of transition on QOL in Chinese transgender women.