bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel pyrimidine derivatives containing urea pharmacophore against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Liu Xing‐Hai , Wang Qiao , Sun Zhao‐Hui , Wedge David E , Becnel James J , Estep Alden S , Tan Cheng‐Xia , Weng Jian‐Quan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector for the transmission of serious diseases, especially dengue and yellow fever. More than 1 billion people in developing countries are at risk. The widespread and continual use of pesticides can lead to resistant mosquitoes. In order to maintain mosquito control gains, it is critical to develop and evaluate novel bioactive molecules that differ in mode of action from currently used products.RESULTSA series of novel pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The biological activities of these compounds were tested against Ae. aegypti. Many of them exhibited insecticidal activity against adult and larval mosquitoes. Compound 4d displayed relatively good activity to reach 70% mortality at 2 µg mL−1. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations were established to study the structure–activity relationship of these novel compounds.CONCLUSIONA practical synthetic route for pyrimidine derivatives is presented. This study suggests that these pyrimidine derivatives exhibit some activity against the yellow fever mosquito and, with further structure modification, could be novel lead compounds for the development of insecticides against mosquitoes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Female Mice are Resistant to Fabp1 Gene Ablation‐Induced Alterations in Brain Endocannabinoid Levels
Authors: Martin Gregory G. , Chung Sarah , Landrock Danilo , Landrock Kerstin K. , Dangott Lawrence J. , Peng Xiaoxue , Kaczocha Martin , Murphy Eric J. , Kier Ann B. , Schroeder Friedhelm 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L‐FABP) is not detectable in the brain, Fabp1 gene ablation (LKO) markedly increases endocannabinoids (EC) in brains of male mice. Since the brain EC system of females differs significantly from that of males, it was important to determine if LKO differently impacted the brain EC system. LKO did not alter brain levels of arachidonic acid (ARA)‐containing EC, i.e. arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), but decreased non‐ARA‐containing N‐acylethanolamides (OEA, PEA) and 2‐oleoylglycerol (2‐OG) that potentiate the actions of AEA and 2‐AG. These changes in brain potentiating EC levels were not associated with: (1) a net decrease in levels of brain membrane proteins associated with fatty acid uptake and EC synthesis; (2) a net increase in brain protein levels of cytosolic EC chaperones and enzymes in EC degradation; or (3) increased brain protein levels of EC receptors (CB1, TRVP1). Instead, the reduced or opposite responsiveness of female brain EC levels to loss of FABP1 (LKO) correlated with intrinsically lower FABP1 level in livers of WT females than males. These data show that female mouse brain endocannabinoid levels were unchanged (AEA, 2‐AG) or decreased (OEA, PEA, 2‐OG) by complete loss of FABP1 (LKO).
The management and expression of pride: Age and gender effects across adolescence
Authors: Webb Lindsey , Stegall Sheri , Mirabile Scott , Zeman Janice , Shields Ashley , Perry‐Parrish Carisa 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTUnderstanding of the role that positive emotions play in adolescent social development requires studying the normative development of these emotions. This research examined pride expression and management across adolescence, focusing on gender and developmental differences. Participants were 206 Caucasian youth (52.9% girls) in grades 5 (Mage = 11.10 years), 8 (Mage = 14.45), 11 (Mage = 17.26), and university (Mage = 19.61). Youth responded to two vignettes assessing reactions to pride‐eliciting situations. Compared to boys, girls reported more intense pride experience and a higher likelihood of expressing pride. Increases across adolescence were found for self‐efficacy in suppressing pride expression, and for expressing modesty in pride‐eliciting situations. Older adolescents were less likely than younger adolescents to expect to receive a negative peer reaction when inhibiting pride. These results indicate the importance of gender‐specific examinations of pride across adolescent development with implications for adaptive psychosocial functioning and positive psychology.
Frequent detection of PIK3CA mutations in single circulating tumor cells of patients suffering from HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Gasch Christin , Oldopp Theresa , Mauermann Oliver , Gorges Tobias M. , Andreas Antje , Coith Cornelia , Müller Volkmar , Fehm Tanja , Janni Wolfgang , Pantel Klaus , Riethdorf Sabine 
Published: July 2016

Modern technologies enable detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood samples. Thus, CTC have attracted interest as markers for therapeutic response in breast cancer. First studies have incorporated CTC analyses to guide therapeutic interventions and stratification of breast cancer patients. Aim of this study was to analyze characteristic features of CTC as biomarker for predicting resistance to HER2‐targeted therapies. Therefore, CTC from metastatic breast cancer patients with HER2‐negative primary tumors screened for the prospective randomized phase III trial DETECT III were explored for their HER2 status and the presence of PIK3CA mutations. Detection and characterization of HER2 expression of CTC were conducted with the CellSearch® system. Fifteen of 179 CTC‐positive patients (8.4%) contained ≥1 CTC with strong HER2 expression. Genomic DNA from individual CTC isolated by micromanipulation was propagated by whole genome amplification and analyzed for PIK3CA mutations in exons 9 and 20 by Sanger sequencing. One or more CTC/7.5 mL were detected in 179/290 patients (61.7%). In 109 patients (34.8%), ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL were found. We detected at least one CTC with the mutation p.E542K, p.E545K, p.H1047R, p.H1047L or p.M1043V in 12/33 patients (36.4%). Thirty six of 114 CTC (31.6%) harbored one of these mutations. CTC in individual patients exhibited heterogeneity concerning PIK3CA mutations and HER2 expression. In conclusion, clinically relevant genomic aberrations such as mutations in the hotspot regions of exon 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene can be detected in single CTC and might provide insights into mechanisms of resistance to HER2‐targeted therapies.
Neuromuscular Control Mechanisms During Single‐Leg Jump Landing in Subacute Ankle Sprain Patients: A Case Control Study
Authors: Allet Lara , Zumstein Franziska , Eichelberger Patric , Armand Stéphane , Punt Ilona M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundOptimal neuromuscular control mechanisms are essential for preparing, maintaining, and restoring functional joint stability during jump landing and to prevent ankle injuries. In subacute ankle sprain patients, neither muscle activity nor kinematics during jump landing has previously been assessed.ObjectiveTo compare neuromuscular control mechanisms and kinematics between subacute ankle sprain patients and healthy persons before and during the initial contact phase of a 25‐cm single‐leg jump.DesignCase‐control study.SettingUniversity hospital.PatientsFifteen patients with grade I or II acute ankle sprains were followed up after 4 weeks of conservative management not involving physical therapy.MethodsSubjects performed alternately 3 single‐leg forward jumps of 25 cm (toe‐to‐heel distance) barefoot. Their results were compared with the data of 15 healthy subjects.Main Outcome MeasurementsElectromyographic (EMG) activity of the musculus (m.) gastrocnemius lateralis, m. tibialis anterior, and m. peroneus longus as well as kinematics for ankle, knee, and hip joint were recorded for pre–initial contact (IC) phase, post–initial contact phase, and reflex‐induced phase.ResultsThe results showed that EMG activity of the 3 muscles did not differ between ankle sprain patients (n = 15) and healthy persons (n = 15) for any of the analyzed time intervals (all P > .05). However, during the pre‐IC phase, ankle sprain patients presented less plantar flexion, as well as during the post‐IC phase after jump landing, compared to healthy persons (P < .05).ConclusionTaken together, these kinematic alterations of the ankle joint can lead to neuromuscular control mechanism disturbances through which functional instability might arise.Level of EvidenceIII
Intra‐tumor heterogeneity in head and neck cancer and its clinical implications
Authors: Mroz Edmund A. , Rocco James W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe presence of heritable differences among cancer cells within a tumor, called intra‐tumor genetic heterogeneity, has long been suspected of playing a role in poor responses to therapy. Research over the past decade has documented the existence of such heterogeneity within tumors of individual patients and documented its potential clinical significance. The research methods for identifying this heterogeneity were not, however, readily adaptable to widespread clinical application. After a brief review of this background, we describe the development of a measure of intra‐tumor genetic heterogeneity, based on whole‐exome sequencing of individual tumor samples, that could be applied to biopsy specimens in a clinical setting. This measure has now been used in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to document, for the first time, a relation of high intra‐tumor genetic heterogeneity to shorter overall survival in a large, multi‐institutional study. The implications of heterogeneity for research and clinical care thus now need to be addressed.
Current State of Antimicrobial Stewardship at Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Centers in the United States
Authors: Seo Susan K. , Lo Kaming , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVETo assess the extent of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) at solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) centers in the United States.DESIGNAn 18-item voluntary survey was developed to gauge current antimicrobial stewardship practices in transplant patients, examine the availability and perceived usefulness of novel diagnostics and azole levels to guide therapy, and identify challenges for implementation of ASPs at these centers.PARTICIPANTSThe survey was distributed electronically to infectious disease physicians and pharmacists at adult and pediatric SOT and HCT centers during May 1–22, 2015. Facilities were deidentified.RESULTSAfter duplicate removal, 71 (56%) of 127 unique transplant centers in 32 states were analyzed. Forty-four sites (62%) performed at least 100 SOT annually, and 40 (56%) performed at least 100 HCT annually. Top 5 stewardship activities encompassing transplant patients were formulary restriction, guideline development, prospective audit and feedback, education, and dose optimization. Respiratory viral panels (66/66 [100%]), azole levels (64/66 [97%]), and serum/bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan (58/66 [88%]) were perceived as most useful to guide therapy. Apparent challenges to antimicrobial stewardship included undefined duration for certain infections (53/59 [90%]), diagnostic uncertainty (47/59 [80%]), the perception that antibiotic-resistant infections required escalation (42/59 [71%]), prescriber opposition (41/59 [69%]), and costly drugs (37/59 [63%]).CONCLUSIONSASP activities were performed at many adult and pediatric SOT and HCT centers in the United States. Diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty in transplant patients is challenging for ASPs. Collaborative research should examine the impact of antimicrobial stewardship practices in SOT and HCT.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1–6
Morphological and molecular analyses of a new species of Saccocoelioides Szidat, 1954 (Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914) in the fat sleeper Dormitator maculatus (Bloch) (Perciformes: Eleotridae) from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Andrade-Gómez L. , Pinacho-Pinacho C.D. , Hernández-Orts J.S. , Sereno-Uribe A.L. , García-Varela M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSaccocoelioides olmecae n. sp. is described from specimens recovered from the intestine of the fat sleeper Dormitator maculatus (Bloch) (Perciformes: Eleotridae) collected in six localities along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The new species is mainly distinguished from the other three described species of Saccocoelioides Szidat, 1954 from North and Middle America (i.e. S. sogandaresi Lumsden, 1963, S. chauhani Lamothe-Argumedo, 1974 and S. lamothei Aguirre-Macedo & Violante-González, 2008) by having an elongated body, a sac-like caecum, a uterus that extends to the first third of body and by having vitelline follicles longitudinally elongated reaching the posterior end of the body. Sequences of the large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA, including the domain D1–D3, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) were used independently and concatenated to corroborate the morphological distinction among S. olmecae n. sp., S. chauhani and S. lamothei from freshwater and brackish-water fish from Middle America. The genetic divergence estimated among the three species of Saccocoelioides was very low: 1% for LSU and from 1 to 4% for ITS2. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses for each dataset and both datasets combined revealed that S. olmecae n. sp. represents an independent clade with moderate bootstrap support and posterior probabilities. This is the third species of Saccocoelioides described in Mexico, and the 17th species from the Americas.
Flops
Authors: Kollár János 
Published: July 2016

The aim of this note is to study birational transformations of three-folds with nef canonical classes. One would like to write any such map as a composite of certain simple and basic transformations.A special case was first considered by Kulikov [Ku] and later extensively studied by several authors. The next main conceptual step was Reid’s study [R2] of small resolutions of terminal threefold singularities. He obtained the elementary birational transformations as follows: find a copy of such a small resolution inside the threefold and then replace it with another resolution. This approach was extended by Kawamata [K3] to canonical singularities.
Discrete Schrödinger operators on a graph
Authors: Wee Sy Polly , Sunada Toshikazu 
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we study some spectral properties of the discrete Schrödinger operator = Δ + q defined on a locally finite connected graph with an automorphism group whose orbit space is a finite graph.The discrete Laplacian and its generalization have been explored from many different viewpoints (for instance, see [2] [4]). Our paper discusses the discrete analogue of the results on the bottom of the spectrum established by T. Kobayashi, K. Ono and T. Sunada [3] in the Riemannian-manifold-setting.
Cofiniteness of local cohomology modules for ideals of dimension one
Authors: Yoshida Ken-Ichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that for any ideal I of dimension one is I-cofinite for all i and for any finite A-module M. Furthermore, for any ideal I over any regular local ring A, we investigate the relationship between I-cofiniteness and vanishing for local cohomology modules .
Coxeter Orbits and Modular Representations
Authors: Bonnafé Cédric , Rouquier Raphaël 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe study the modular representations of finite groups of Lie type arising in the cohomology of certain quotients of Deligne-Lusztig varieties associated with Coxeter elements. These quotients are related to Gelfand-Graev representations and we present a conjecture on the Deligne-Lusztig restriction of Gelfand-Graev representations. We prove the conjecture for restriction to a Coxeter torus. We deduce a proof of Brouée’s conjecture on equivalences of derived categories arising from Deligne-Lusztig varieties, for a split group of type An and a Coxeter element. Our study is based on Lusztig’s work in characteristic 0 [Lu2].
The Absolute Galois Group of the Field of Totally S-Adic Numbers
Authors: Haran Dan , Jarden Moshe , Pop Florian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFor a finite set S of primes of a number field K and for σ1,…, σe ∈ Gal(K) we denote the field of totally S-adic numbers by Ktot,S and the fixed field of σ1,…,σe in Ktot,S by Ktot,S(σ). We prove that foralmost all σ ∈ Gal(K)e the absolute Galois group of Ktot,S(σ) is the free product of and a free product of local factors over S.
Some remarks concerning Demazure’s construction of normal graded rings
Authors: Watanabe Keiichi 
Published: July 2016

In [1], Demazure showed a new way of constructing normal graded rings using the concept of “rational coefficient Weil divisors” of normal projective varieties and he showed, among other things, the followingTHEOREM ([1], 3.5). If R = ⊕n ≥ 0Rn is a normal graded ring of finite type over a field k and if T is a homogeneous element of degree 1 in the quotient field of R, then there exists unique divisor D ∈ Div (X, Q) (X = Proj (R)), such that for every n ≧ 0.(See (1.1) for the definition of
Fixed Points of Isometries
Authors: Kobayashi Shoshichi 
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to prove the followingTheorem. Let M be a Riemannian manifold of dimension n and let ξ be a Killing vector field (i.e., infinitesimal isometry) of M. Let F be the set of points x of M where ξ vanishes and let F = ∪ Vi, where the Vi’s are the connected components of F. Then (assuming F to be non-empty)
Some estimates for the Bergman Kernel and Metric in Terms of Logarithmic Capacity
Authors: Błocki Zbigniew 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFor a bounded domain Ω on the plane we show the inequality cΩ(z)2 ≤ 2πKΩ(z), z ∈ Ω, where cΩ(z) is the logarithmic capacity of the complement ℂ\Ω with respect to z and KΩ is the Bergman kernel. We thus improve a constant in an estimate due to T. Ohsawa but fall short of the inequality cΩ(z)2 ≤ πKΩ(z) conjectured by N. Suita. The main tool we use is a comparison, due to B. Berndtsson, of the kernels for the weighted complex Laplacian and the Green function. We also show a similar estimate for the Bergman metric and analogous results in several variables.
Skin conductance and schizophrenic symptomatology
Authors: Campo J. à , Merckelbach H.L.G.J. , Nijman H. , Yeates-Frederikx M. , Allertz W. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYSkin conductance is a psychophysiological parameter that reflects fundamental processes such as attention and arousal. The present study explored whether deviations in skin conductance activity are associated with severity of schizophrenic symptoms. For this purpose, Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) to discrete stimuli (80 dB noises) and Skin Conductance Levels (SCLs) of 37 schizophrenic patients and 31 healthy volunteers were recorded. In accordance with previous studies, schizophrenic patients were found to be hyporesponsive compared to healthy controls. More specifically, almost half of the patients (46%) did not react with any SCR to the first 3 stimuli, whereas only 10% of the control group exhibited such a non-responding. Accordingly, the mean amplitude of the first 3 SCRs – as measured in u Siemens – was found to be significantly lower in patients compared to controls. As well, mean SCL was found to be (marginally) elevated in the patient group. This was especially the case for patients who did exhibit SCRs. In the patient group, a negative correlation was found between amplitude of SCRs and symptom severity. This association was mainly carried by a significant correlation between positive symptoms and reduced SCRs. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed in detail.
Serum prolactin levels and sexual dysfunctions in antipsychotic medication, such as risperidone: a review
Authors: Knegtering H. , Lambers P.A. , Prakken G. , ten Brink C. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYClassical antipsychotic drugs increase the level of serum prolactin. The atypical antipsychotic clozapine barely increases prolactin levels. An open naturalistic study in the University Hospital of Groningen suggests that treatment with risperidone in comparison to classical antipsychotics seems to increase the risk of erectile and ejaculatory disorders in male patients and to menstrual disturbances in female patients. In the literature reviewed, risperidone is associated with higher prolactin levels in comparison to classical antipsychotics. It is still unclear which mechanism is responsible for the increase of serum prolactin levels and sexual dysfunctions in patients using risperidone. Dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor blockade seems to play an important role. Other mechanisms are discussed.
Schizophrenia among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tiosano S. , Farhi A. , Watad A. , Grysman N. , Stryjer R. , Amital H. , Comaneshter D. , Cohen A. D. , Amital D. 
Published: July 2016

Aims.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease involving multiple organs, including the central nervous system. Evidence of immune dysfunction exists also in schizophrenia, a psychiatric illness involving chronic or recurrent psychosis. The aim of our study was to investigate if there is an epidemiological association between SLE and schizophrenia.Method.A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing patients with SLE with age and gender-matched controls regarding the proportion of patients with comorbid schizophrenia. χ2- and t-tests were used for univariate analysis, and interaction of schizophrenia with SLE across strata of covariates was checked. A logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The study was performed utilising the medical database of Clalit Health Services in Israel.Results.The study included 5018 patients with SLE and 25 090 controls. SLE patients had a female predominance, and a higher proportion of smoking compared with age and sex-matched controls. In multivariate analysis, SLE was found to be independently associated with schizophrenia while controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking (OR 1.33, p = 0.042).Conclusions.We found a positive association between SLE and schizophrenia across patients of different age, gender and SES. This association can contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of the two disorders and may also have clinical implications for earlier as well as better diagnosis and treatment.