bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do patients think about the role of optometrists in providing advice about smoking and nutrition?
Authors: Downie Laura E. , Douglass Amanda , Guest Daryl , Keller Peter R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTobacco smoking and nutrition are key lifestyle factors with long‐term effects on eye health. However, little is known about patients’ perceptions and experiences in these areas in relation to the care received from optometrists. The main aim was to survey patients’ perceptions and prior experience regarding the role of optometrists in enquiring and providing advice about tobacco smoking and nutrition.MethodsAn anonymous, paper‐based survey was distributed to a convenience sample of 225 adults attending the University of Melbourne eye care clinic. Respondents provided demographic and other information (age, sex, length of time since last eye examination, country of most recent eye examination, smoking status and intake of nutritional supplements) and indicated their level of agreement (using a five‐step Likert scale) with a series of statements relating to the care provided by optometrists in the areas of health, smoking and nutrition. The statements were designed to assess the perceived scope of practice of optometrists and the extent to which patients expect, and feel comfortable, discussing these issues with their optometrist.Results220 completed surveys were returned. Most respondents (>80%) agreed that they visit their optometrist to quantify their refractive error and to examine their eye health. About two‐thirds of respondents indicated that they expect their optometrist to ask about their general health, with almost half expecting their optometrist to communicate with their general medical practitioner. Approximately one‐third of respondents indicated having been routinely questioned about their smoking status, diet and nutritional supplement intake by their optometrist. This was despite about half expecting their optometrist to question them about these factors and almost three out of four respondents indicating that they felt comfortable talking with their optometrist about these lifestyle behaviours.ConclusionsThis study provides novel insight into patients’ perceptions and experience with optometric practice in the areas of tobacco smoking and nutrition. The majority of respondents expected their optometrist to examine their eye health, ask them about their smoking and diet habits, and indicated feeling comfortable discussing these topics with their primary eye care provider. These findings suggest that brief advice interventions relating to tobacco use and diet are likely to be acceptable to deliver in optometry practice.
Peripheral aberrations in adult hyperopes, emmetropes and myopes
Authors: Osuagwu Uchechukwu L. , Suheimat Marwan , Atchison David A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine differences in peripheral aberrations in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups.MethodsCycloplegic peripheral aberrations for 5 mm pupils were measured at 39 locations across 42° × 32° of right eye visual fields with a COAS‐HD Hartmann‐Shack aberrometer in nine hyperopes (mean age 29 ± 5 years, spherical equivalent refraction M + 1.47 ± 0.58 D), 20 emmetropes (28 ± 7 years, +0.06 ± 0.36 D) and 20 myopes (27 ± 6 years, −2.55 ± 1.82 D). Relative peripheral refraction error RPRE and 3rd–4th order Zernike coefficients were compared between the groups.ResultsHyperopes and emmetropes had relative peripheral myopia across the visual field, with considerable nasal‐temporal asymmetry for both groups and superior‐inferior asymmetry for hyperopes. Myopes had minimal RPRE along the horizontal meridian, but myopic RPRE along the vertical meridian which was less than the other groups. There was little difference between groups in astigmatic components or higher‐order Zernike coefficients, except for fourth‐order spherical aberration which was more positive in hyperopes than in both emmetropes (mean difference ±95% CI = +0.05 ± 0.05 μm, p = 0.03) and myopes (+0.07 ± 0.04 μm, p = 0.003). Coma changed rapidly across the visual field with similar rates for all groups.ConclusionsHyperopes and emmetropes had greater relative peripheral myopia than myopes. There was asymmetry in RPRE along the vertical meridian for hyperopes which was not present in the emmetropes, suggesting there may be asymmetries in peripheral eye length along the vertical meridian for the former. Higher‐order aberrations were affected by field eccentricity, but refractive error affected only the spherical aberration coefficient, which was more positive for hyperopes than for other groups.
Accommodation and pupil behaviour of binocularly viewing early presbyopes
Authors: Almutairi Meznah S. , Altoaimi Basal H. , Bradley Arthur 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo study accommodation behaviour of early presbyopes with the full suite of accommodative stimuli, and to monitor changes in spherical aberration, pupil size and image quality that accompany the accommodative response.MethodsUsing a high resolution Shack–Hartmann aberrometer, we measured refractive state as a binocularly viewed 0.30 logMAR (6/12 or 20/40) letter E was moved from 2 m to 20 cm and simultaneously monitored pupil diameter and spherical aberration for 19 subjects (mean age: 42 ± 7.18 years). Refractive state was defined using three standard criteria: minRMS, paraxial, and optimum image quality using the Visual Strehl ratio metric (VSOTF).ResultsBecause of changes in spherical aberration, accommodative gain measured with the paraxial criterion is generally greater (on average by 34%) than the minRMS gain in early presbyopes. The slope of stimulus/response curve is relatively stable up to age 41 and then declines progressively in spite of a full binocular set of accommodative cues. Reduced accommodative gain appears once accommodative amplitude has dropped to below 3D, and gain drops to <0.5 as amplitude drops to 1.5D. This decline happens at different ages in different presbyopes.ConclusionPrior to the early 40s, changes in accommodation are restricted to a reduction in amplitude, but during the 40s the continued loss of accommodative amplitude is accompanied by a concurrent drop in accommodative gain. Therefore, reduced near image quality in early presbyopes is caused by lower accommodative amplitudes and gains, which may explain the apparent acceleration in symptoms and near add prescriptions during the mid to late 40s.
Slope of psychometric functions and termination rule analysis for low contrast acuity charts
Authors: Carkeet Andrew , Bailey Ian L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether the slopes of psychometric functions for measuring low contrast letter acuity were different from those for measuring high contrast letter acuity.MethodsTen participants, wearing their best spectacle correction, were assessed monocularly. Stimuli were logarithmic progression charts, generated on a computer monitor, with nine rows of five randomised Sloan letters generated in either high contrast format (Weber contrast 99.2%) or low contrast format (Weber contrast 18.7%). For each participant, psychometric functions were generated by probit analysis of the data on each of 16 attempts at a low contrast chart and 16 attempts at a high contrast chart. Each of these probit fits yielded an estimate of Probit Size which provided information about how steep or flat the psychometric function was, along with an estimate of Probit Acuity Threshold.ResultsProbit Size was significantly larger (p < 0.001) for low contrast charts than for high contrast charts, indicating that psychometric functions were flatter for low contrast charts. Mean Probit Sizes in logMAR were 0.099 (SEM 0.022) for low contrast charts and 0.071 (SEM 0.009) for high contrast charts if a guess rate of 1/26 was assumed, or were 0.086 (SEM 0.019) for low contrast charts and 0.064 for high contrast charts if a guess rate of 1/10 was assumed. Monte Carlo analysis showed that these means were likely to be biased estimates, with true Probit Size probably being larger (i.e. slightly flatter fits) by 0.016–0.019 logMAR. As expected, Probit Acuity Thresholds were poorer for low contrast charts than for high contrast charts (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur Monte Carlo modelling showed that such differences in acuity psychometric functions would be expected to give greater intra‐subject variability in low contrast letter‐by‐letter acuity thresholds than for high contrast letter‐by‐letter acuity thresholds, and that this difference would depend on the termination rule used when measuring acuity. Likewise the variation in letter‐by‐ letter acuity thresholds with termination rule will be different for high and low contrast charts. For low contrast and high contrast Sloan letter charts in a standard logarithmic format, a termination rule of four mistakes on a row, will give close to optimum sensitivity‐to‐change.
Optical characteristics of Alvarez variable‐power spectacles
Authors: Radhakrishnan Hema , Charman W. Neil 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo establish the optical performance of currently available Alvarez variable‐power spectacles in relation to their possible utility for ametropes and presbyopes.MethodsTwo commercial designs of variable‐power (variable‐focus) spectacles were studied: FocusSpecs and Adlens Adjustables. Using focimetry, power and prism at three different power settings were measured across the aperture of the lenses of each design and local optical quality was explored in more detail using interferometry.ResultsIn general, equivalent‐sphere powers at all lens settings were adequately stable across the central aperture (about 20 mm diameter) of the lenses, with prism changes following the Prentice rule. Some astigmatism (generally ≤0.5 DC over the central area) and higher‐order aberration (comparable to the normal wavefront aberration of the eye) were found, the latter increasing towards the edge of the useable lens area.ConclusionsWithin their designed power ranges, optical performance of currently‐available Alvarez variable‐power spectacles appears to be adequate to correct the distance and near vision of spherical ametropes.
REGULATEE CHOICE IN CERTIFICATION SCHEMES: EXPLAINING SELECTION FROM AMONG CERTIFIER OPTIONS
Authors: CARTER DAVID P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVoluntary regulatory programmes embody the complex interactions that exist between public organizations and nongovernmental entities in contemporary public administration. This article draws attention to ‘regulatee choice’ in certification programmes, in which programme participants choose from among certifier alternatives. In the context ofUSorganic regulation, regulatee choice is examined through the factors that farmers weigh when selecting from among public, nonprofit, and private certifier options. Drawing on a nation‐wide survey of organic farmers, regulatee choice between public, nonprofit, and private certifiers is found to be differentiated by the importance that regulatees ascribe to certifier reputations and service offerings, as well as regulatee desires to support the organic movement through certification. Regulatee choice between public and nonprofit certifiers is further differentiated by the importance regulatees place on certifiers' perceived regulatory expertise. The article discusses explanations for the findings and the contribution of regulatee choice research.
Geometric morphometric analyses of worn cheek teeth help identify extant and extinct gophers (Rodentia, Geomyidae)
Authors: Calede Jonathan J. M. , Glusman Jennifer W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStudies of the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of fossil vertebrate assemblages require large samples of accurately identified specimens. Such analyses can be hampered by the inability to assign isolated and worn remains to specific taxa. Entoptychine gophers are a diverse group of burrowing rodents found in Oligo‐Miocene deposits of the western United States. In both entoptychines and their extant relatives the geomyines, diagnostic characters of the occlusal surface of the teeth are modified with wear, making difficult the identification of many isolated fossil teeth. We use geometric morphometrics to test the hypothesis that tooth shape informs taxonomic affinities and expected levels of morphological variation across gopher taxa. We also incorporate data from microcomputer tomography to investigate changes in occlusal surface shape through wear within individuals. Our analyses demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in identifying extant geomyines to the genus, subgenus and species levels, and fossil entoptychines to the genus and, in some cases, the species level. Our results cast doubt on the validity of some species withinEntoptychusand suggest future revisions to entoptychine taxonomy. The amounts of morphological divergence observed among fossil and extant genera are similar. Fossil species do not differ greatly from extant ones in that regard either. Further work evaluating the morphological variation within and across entoptychine species, including unworn teeth and osteological material, will allow revised analyses of the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of important Oligo‐Miocene mammalian assemblages of the western United States and help to infer the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of gophers.
Anesthesia for fetal surgery
Authors: Hoagland Monica A. , Chatterjee Debnath 
Published: February 2017

SummaryFetal therapy is an exciting and growing field of medicine. Advances in prenatal imaging and continued innovations in surgical and anesthetic techniques have resulted in a wide range of fetal interventions including minimally invasive, open mid‐gestation, and ex‐utero intrapartum treatment procedures. The potential for maternal morbidity is significant and must be carefully weighed against claimed benefits to the fetus. Appropriate patient selection is critical, and a multidisciplinary team‐based approach is strongly recommended. The anesthetic management should focus on maintaining uteroplacental circulation, achieving profound uterine relaxation, optimizing surgical conditions, monitoring fetal hemodynamics, and minimizing maternal and fetal risk.
Anesthetic considerations for pediatric electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Franklin Andrew D. , Sobey Jenna H. , Stickles Eric T. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryElectroconvulsive therapy is being used more frequently in the treatment of many chronic and acute psychiatric illnesses in children. The most common psychiatric indications for pediatric electroconvulsive therapy are refractory depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, catatonia, and autism. In addition, a relatively new indication is the treatment of pediatric refractory status epilepticus. The anesthesiologist may be called upon to assist in the care of this challenging and vulnerable patient population. Unique factors for pediatric electroconvulsive therapy include the potential need for preoperative anxiolytic and inhalational induction of anesthesia, which must be weighed against the detrimental effects of anesthetic agents on the evoked seizure quality required for a successful treatment. Dexmedetomidine is likely the most appropriate preoperative anxiolytic as oral benzodiazepines are relatively contraindicated. Methohexital, though becoming less available at many institutions, remains the gold standard for induction of anesthesia for pediatric electroconvulsive therapy though ketamine, propofol, and sevoflurane are becoming increasingly viable options. Proper planning and communication between the multidisciplinary teams involved in the care of children presenting for electroconvulsive therapy treatments is vital to mitigating risks and achieving the greatest therapeutic benefit.
In‐Planta Expression: Searching for the Genuine Chromophores of Cryptochrome‐3 from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGöbel et al. present in this issue an exemplary study of identification of chromophores from Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome‐3. Usually taken for granted, proteins and cofactors, respective chromophores, from heterologous expression are considered identical to material isolated from their genuine host. Cryptochromes carry two chromophores, an antenna cofactor and a functional flavin chromophore, both noncovalently embedded into the protein. In particular the antenna chromophore is loosely bound and often lost during protein purification. The authors identify from plant‐extracted Cry3 unambiguously N5,N10‐methenyltetrahydrofolate as antenna chromophore and flavin adenine dinucleotide as the functional chromophore.
What Can Performance Information Do to Legislators? A Budget‐Decision Experiment with Legislators
Authors: Demaj Labinot 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStudies on the influence of performance information on budgeting decisions have produced contradictory findings. This article offers a framework of the parliamentary context that links performance information to legislators’ budgeting decisions. The framework suggests that the impact on politicians’ allocations will differ depending on whether performance information is reflected in the budget proposal, whether the allocation issue concerns a politically difficult trade‐off for the decision maker, and whether information falls into a receptive partisan mind. The experimental study uses 57 actual legislators. The results show that the introduction of performance information into legislators’ deliberation process leads to stronger deviations from the status quo allocation. This difference occurs because performance information highlights more clearly the expected consequences of budgetary changes and allows for more pronounced reactions. More informed decisions, however, might make compromise among legislators more difficult because individual positions will become more polarized.
Wild opportunities with dedomestication genetics of rabbits
Authors: Thulin Carl‐Gustaf , Alves Paulo C. , Djan Mihajla , Fontanesi Luca , Peacock David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAfter domestication, wild progenitors, such as the aurochs and the wild horse, became extinct. For the European rabbit, however, ancestral, domestic, and feral populations exist. During domestication of the rabbit, very few alleles have been fixed for selective traits, and thus, the ancestral genotypes have been preserved in lowered frequencies. This facilitates investigations on genetic processes involved in domestication as well as dedomestication, that is, where domestic strains are “rewilded.” The acquired knowledge may be useful in the search for genotypic, phenotypic, and, perhaps most importantly, ecotypic equivalents that could assist in the restoration of extinct fauna and its ecosystem functions. Such efforts could provide novel evolutionary trajectories useful in nature restoration, management, and conservation.
Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Is Predictive of Suicide Attempts Among Individuals with Mood Disorders
Authors: Chesin Megan S. , Galfavy Hanga , Sonmez Cemile Ceren , Wong Amanda , Oquendo Maria A. , Mann J. John , Stanley Barbara 
Published: February 2017

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) prior to age 18 was evaluated as a risk factor for adulthood suicide attempt (SA). Archival data from 222 mood‐disordered participants were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. Participants with a youth SA were excluded. The hazards of SA among adult participants with a history of youth NSSI were twice than those of mood‐disordered participants without youth NSSI (hazard ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–3.44, p = .01). Moreover, participants who had both youth and adult NSSI attempted suicide significantly earlier than participants who began NSSI as an adult. Youth NSSI is associated with persistent, elevated SA risk in adulthood.
Feasibility of early physical therapy for dizziness after a sports‐related concussion: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Reneker J. C. , Hassen A. , Phillips R. S. , Moughiman M. C. , Donaldson M. , Moughiman J. 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to (a) assess the feasibility of recruitment/retention of participants, protocol/resource management, and participant safety, and (b) estimate the size of the effect between the experimental and control groups. This was a feasibility study conducted as a prospective pilot double‐blind randomized clinical trial. Subjects aged 10‐23 years old with acute concussion and dizziness were enrolled from sports medicine centers. Forty‐one participants were randomized into treatment and were seen for physical therapy beginning at 10 days post‐concussion. Subjects in the experimental group received individually tailored, pragmatically delivered progressive interventions. Subjects in the control received prescriptive sham to minimally progressive interventions. The two primary outcomes were medical clearance for return‐to‐play and symptomatic recovery. The median number of days to medical clearance for the experimental group was 15.5 and for the control was 26. The median number of days to symptomatic recovery was 13.5 for the experimental group and was 17 for the control. According to Cox proportional hazards regression for time to medical release for return‐to‐play, the experimental group demonstrated a hazard ratio of 2.91 (95% CI: 1.01, 8.43) compared to the control. For time‐to‐symptomatic recovery, those in the experimental group demonstrated a hazard ratio of 1.99 (95% CI: 0.95, 4.15) compared to the control. The results indicate that it is feasible and safe to complete this type of intervention study. The results provide strong support for the allocation of resources to conduct well‐powered randomized clinical trials of this intervention.
Genome Sequence of
Southern tomato virus
in Asymptomatic Tomato ‘Sweet Hearts’
Authors: Alcalá-Briseño Ricardo I. , Coşkan Sevgi , Londoño Maria A. , Polston Jane E. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of
Southern tomato virus
in asymptomatic
Solanum lycopersicum
‘Sweet Hearts’ (STV-Florida) in Florida was assembled from small RNAs sequenced by Illumina RNA-seq. The STV-Florida genome shared 99.0 to 99.9% similarity with full genome sequences from Bangladesh, China, Mexico, and the United States (Mississippi and North Carolina).
Draft Genome Sequence of the Axenic Strain
Phormidesmis
priestleyi
ULC007, a Cyanobacterium Isolated from Lake Bruehwiler (Larsemann Hills, Antarctica)
Authors: Lara Yannick , Durieu Benoit , Cornet Luc , Verlaine Olivier , Rippka Rosmarie , Pessi Igor S. , Misztak Agnieszka , Joris Bernard , Javaux Emmanuelle J. , Baurain Denis , Wilmotte Annick 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Phormidesmis priestleyi
ULC007 is an Antarctic freshwater cyanobacterium. Its draft genome is 5,684,389 bp long. It contains a total of 5,604 protein-encoding genes, of which 22.2% have no clear homologues in known genomes. To date, this draft genome is the first one ever determined for an axenic cyanobacterium from Antarctica.
Complete Genome Sequence of the WHO International Standard for Hepatitis B Virus DNA
Authors: Jenkins Adrian , Minhas Rehan , Morris Clare , Berry Neil 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization (WHO) international standard (IS) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA for use in nucleic acid amplification assays was characterized by determining the complete genome sequence, which was assigned genotype A. This information will aid the design, development, and evaluation of HBV DNA amplification assays.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Edwardsiella
piscicida
Strain ACC35.1 Isolated from Diseased Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Europe
Authors: Buján Noemí , Toranzo Alicia E. , Magariños Beatriz 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Edwardsiella piscicida
is a bacterial fish pathogen with a high degree of virulence. The strain ACC35.1 was isolated from diseased turbot in Europe. The draft genome sequence comprises 3.84 Mb with a G+C content of 59.8% and >3,450 protein-coding genes.