bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Association with Fear of Falling After Hip Fracture
Authors: Kornfield Sara L. , Lenze Eric J. , Rawson Kerri S. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo determine whether fall‐related hip fracture, alone or in the presence of Fear of Falling, is likely to induce PTSD in an elderly population.DesignA longitudinal prospective study of patients admitted for hip fracture.SettingEight St. Louis, Missouri, area hospitals.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older admitted for surgical hip fracture repair after a fall (N = 456).MeasurementsRates of partial and full posttraumatic stress disorder (pPTSD and fPTSD) were compared with rates of FoF. PTSD and FoF were assessed 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Baseline characteristics including depression, stress, pain, cognitive functioning, and anesthesia type were also analyzed as potential predictors of PTSD symptoms 12 weeks after surgery.ResultsNo participants met criteria for fPTSD at 4 or 12 weeks, and rates of pPTSD were low 12 weeks after surgery (7.4%), in contrast to high rates of FoF symptoms at the same time point (58.5%). Higher ratings of stress and depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms 12 weeks after surgery.ConclusionsHip fracture, despite its considerable morbidity, does not induce fPTSD and infrequently induces pPTSD. Individuals with higher rates of stress and depressive symptoms after hip fracture repair may be more likely to develop PTSD symptoms.
Depression, anxiety and health‐related quality of life amongst patients who are starting dialysis treatment
Authors: Rebollo Rubio Ana , Morales Asencio José Miguel , Eugenia Pons Raventos Ma 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) has a severe impact on patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQL). The start of renal replacement therapy (RRT) significantly influences psychological, physical and social aspects of life.ObjectivesTo analyse the HRQL and psychological status (anxiety and depression) at the start of RRT.MethodsWe undertook an observational descriptive cross‐sectional study. A total of 152 patients starting RRT were recruited for the study. HRQL was measured by the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short Form questionnaire. Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Comorbidities and sociodemographic and clinical factors were also evaluated.FindingsHRQL in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) is significantly affected by the initiation of RRT in all respects. States of anxiety and depression were present in 26.6% and 27% of patients, respectively. These states are significantly related to the emotional component of the quality of life.ConclusionThe initiation of RRT has a strong impact on HRQL in comparison with a reference population and with other stages of CKD. The early detection of an altered psychological state is important, as this condition should be treated from the first stages of the disease, as it can significantly affect the subsequent development of RRT and the patient's quality of life.
Insomnia management in prisons in England and Wales: a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Dewa Lindsay H. , Hassan Lamiece , Shaw Jenny J. , Senior Jane 
Published: February 2017

SummaryInsomnia in prison is common; however, research is limited regarding the management strategies that prison establishments employ. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a survey to identify how insomnia is detected, diagnosed and treated in adult prisons in England and Wales. Telephone interviews with a purposive sample of health‐care managers were then conducted. The survey was sent to all establishments holding adult prisoners, covering screening and assessment methods to detect insomnia; treatment options, both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological; the importance of insomnia as a treatable condition; and staff training available. Eighty‐four (73%) prisons completed the survey. Few had a stepped approach to insomnia management, as recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. The most common treatments available were sleep hygiene education and medication, offered by 94 and 88% of respondents, respectively. Analysis of telephone interviews revealed four main themes: insomnia as a normal occurrence in prison; the problem of medication in prison; the negative impact of the prison environment; and effective management of insomnia in prison. The current findings suggest that logistical, ethical and security barriers and a lack of staff knowledge and training impact negatively on the management of insomnia in prison.
Cannabinoids as gastrointestinal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Fabisiak A. , Fichna J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this mini‐review, we focus on the potential of the endocannabinoid system as a target for novel therapies to treat gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. We discuss the organization of the endocannabinoid signaling and present possible pharmacological sites in the endocannabinoid system. We also refer to recent clinical findings in the field. Finally, we point at the potential use of cannabinoids at low, non‐psychoactive doses to counteract non‐inflammatory pathological events in the GI tract, like chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea, as evidenced by Abalo et al. in the rat model.
“Sky Full of Stars” Pattern: Dermoscopic Findings in a Desmoplastic Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
Authors: Martín‐Carrasco Pablo , Bernabeu‐Wittel José , Dominguez‐Cruz Javier , Zulueta Dorado Teresa , Conejo‐Mir Sanchez Julian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDesmoplastic giant congenital melanocytic nevus (DGCN) is an uncommon variant of congenital nevus, presenting as a progressive induration and hypopigmentation of the lesion that occasionally causes hair loss and even total or partial disappearance of the nevus. A 6‐month‐old girl with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus that involved the entire posterior side of the right thigh was seen in our department. Nine months later, the peripheral area of the nevus presented as a marked induration with hypopigmentation. Dermoscopy demonstrated a reticular pattern exclusively located in the perifollicular areas, with a radial distribution from the follicular ostium that mimicked a “sky full of stars.” We report a case of DGCN, including a dermoscopic description of the findings noted in the indurated and hypopigmented areas that appear as a “sky full of stars” image.
Preventing the Use of Deadly Force: The Relationship between Police Agency Policies and Rates of Officer‐Involved Gun Deaths
Authors: Jennings Jay T. , Rubado Meghan E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKillings of civilians by police officers have become a matter of intense public concern in the United States. High‐profile deaths, especially those of black citizens, have caused outrage and sparked the Black Lives Matter movement with calls for dramatic changes in how police agencies operate. However, little systematic research exists to answer questions about which policies should be ended or put in place to reduce these deaths. The authors leverage a large data set of gun deaths by police officers in the United States, combined with agency‐level policy data and community demographic data, to examine whether certain policies are associated with lower or higher rates of officer‐involved gun deaths. Findings show that one policy—the requirement that officers file a report when they point their guns at people but do not fire—is associated with significantly lower rates of gun deaths.
Commentary: Perception and Performance in Effective Policing
Authors: Villegas Jorge A. 
Published: February 2017

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Policing and Race
Authors: Ward James D. , Menifield Charles E. 
Published: February 2017

Related Content: Robinson and Ramsey (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Pegues (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Ward (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Epp, Maynard-Moody, and Haider-Markel (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Davenport (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Eterno, Barrow, and Silverman (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: DeBenedetto (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Hong (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Nicholson-Crotty, Nicholson-Crotty, and Fernandez (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Jennings and Rubado (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Fretwell and Lombardo (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Ho and Cho (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Villegas (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Rivera and Ward (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Menifield (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Mead (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Middlemass (PAR March/April 2017)Related Content: Rollins and Hilliard (PAR March/April 2017)
A decision analytic model to guide early‐stage government regulatory action: Applications for synthetic biology
Authors: Trump Benjamin , Cummings Christopher , Kuzma Jennifer , Linkov Igor 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSynthetic biology (SB) involves the alteration of living cells and biomolecules for specific purposes. Products developed using these approaches could have significant societal benefits, but also pose uncertain risks to human and environmental health. Policymakers currently face decisions regarding how stringently to regulate and monitor various SB applications. This is a complex task, in which policymakers must balance uncertain economic, political, social, and health‐related decision factors associated with SB use. We argue that formal decision analytical tools could serve as a method to integrate available evidence‐based information and expert judgment on the impacts associated with SB innovations, synthesize that information into quantitative indicators, and serve as the first step toward guiding governance of these emerging technologies. For this paper, we apply multi‐criteria decision analysis to a specific case of SB, a micro‐robot based on biological cells called “cyberplasm.” We use data from a Delphi study to assess cyberplasm governance options and demonstrate how such decision tools may be used for assessments of SB oversight.
Immune Class Regulation and Its Medical Significance Part II of a Report of a Workshop on Foundational Concepts of Immune Regulation
Authors: Bretscher P. A. , Corthay A. , Anderson C. C. , Dembic Z. , Havele C. , Nagy Z. A. , Øynebråten I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe discussed different proposals for how the nature of the Th1/Th2 phenotype of an immune response is determined, and favoured one, the Threshold Hypothesis, as plausible and so useful as the basis for further discussions. The activation of a target CD4 T cell can be facilitated by helper CD4 T cells when the CD4 T cells interact via an antigen‐presenting cell. The Threshold Hypothesis states that tentative and robust antigen‐mediated CD4 T cell cooperation results in the target CD4 T cell, respectively giving rise, upon activation, to Th1 and Th2 cells. We primarily discussed four topics. We briefly discussed in the background section certain limitations of the Th1/Th2 paradigm in understanding immune class regulation, and the remarkable anti‐inflammatory properties of human IgG4 antibody. Secondly, we assessed the role of class II MHC molecules in determining the number of mature CD4 T cells and so affecting the Th1/Th2 phenotype of immune responses. We also discussed the controversial role of CD8 T cells in affecting the Th1/Th2 phenotype of responses to MHC and other antigens, and the potential role of their relative scarcity in neonates in biasing responses towards an antibody, Th2 mode. Lastly, we examined the regulation of the Th1/Th2 phenotype of both primary and ongoing immune responses in the context of the intriguing proposal that antigen initially generates different classes/subclasses of immunity and then selects, by a feedback mechanism, the most effective class. We found this interesting idea difficult to reconcile with various observations.
What Drives Built‐Up Area Expansion on Islands? Using Soil Sealing Indicators to Estimate Built‐Up Area Patterns on Aegean Islands, Greece
Authors: Kizos Thanasis , Tsilimigkas Georgios , Karampela Sofia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe dispersion of built‐up areas in peri‐urban zones is considered an important, almost irreversible environmental threat, especially in coastal zones and islands. In this paper, we use soil sealing datasets derived from the European Environment Agency in order to estimate the expansion of built‐up areas in the North and South Aegean islands in Greece. We examine these differences in relation to socio‐economic features of the islands, especially tourism development, second home development and size and geographical position of the islands. The findings show divergent levels of soil sealing and a variety of spatial configurations, such as scattered growth of built‐up land in coastal areas and peri‐urban growth in rural areas. Higher cover of the total area of islands by sealed soil is related to tourism, but it seems that second homes are also an important driver, especially for smaller islands located relatively close to Athens. From a planning and management perspective, these findings can assist local or regional administration to assess the effectiveness of land use management plans and manage flows and processes.
The effect of urea on refractometric total protein measurement in dogs and cats with azotemia
Authors: Legendre Kelsey P. , Leissinger Mary , Le Donne Viviana , Grasperge Britton J. , Gaunt Stephen D. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundWhile protein is the predominant solute measured in plasma or serum by a refractometer, nonprotein substances also contribute to the angle of refraction. There is debate in the current literature regarding which nonprotein substances cause factitiously high refractometric total protein measurements, as compared to the biuret assay.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to determine if the blood of azotemic animals, specifically with increased blood urea concentration, will have significantly higher refractometric total protein concentrations compared to the total protein concentrations measured by biuret assay.MethodsA prospective case series was conducted by collecting data from azotemic (n = 26) and nonazotemic (n = 34) dogs and cats. In addition, an in vitro study was performed where urea was added to an enhanced electrolyte solution at increasing concentrations, and total protein was assessed by both the refractometer and spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the effect of urea.ResultsThe refractometric total protein measurement showed a positive bias when compared to the biuret protein measurement in both groups, but the bias was higher in the azotemic group vs the nonazotemic group. The mean difference in total protein measurements of the nonazotemic group (0.59 g/dL) was significantly less (P < .01) than the mean difference of the azotemic group (0.95 g/dL). The in vitro experiment revealed a positive bias with a proportional error.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that increasing concentrations of urea significantly increased the total protein concentration measured by the refractometer as compared to the biuret assay, both in vivo and in vitro.
Automation in blood processing
Authors: El Ekiaby Magdy 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundTransfusion of blood components; namely packed red cells, platelet concentrates, fresh frozen plasma and sometimes cryoprecipitate has become an integral part in the management of many clinical situations. Processing of whole blood into its components can be achieved manually or by automation.Automation in Blood ProcessingIn order to reduce the laborious steps and standardize the quality of blood components several technologies have been developed to automate blood component preparation. The advantages of these technologies include reduction of a number of equipment, such as plasma extractors, electric sealers. This leads to reduction of workspace and consequently may increase production efficiency. It also reduces the work load for the operators since these automates usually include several steps like breaking of clamps, extraction of the blood components as well as sealing of the pilot lines between the blood bags. More over the automation will reduce the operator inter variability leading to production of more standardized blood components. Automation can be for the steps of separation of the components after centrifugation or can be done by modern processors that include both centrifugation and separation steps.ConclusionAutomation of blood component preparation from whole blood offers several advantages that include reduction of standard equipment, space, workload to lab staff as well as more standardized bloodcomponents.
MARÍA VICTORIA PORRAS EN CLAVE CONSTRUCTIVISTA
Authors: Camargo Flórez Martín Alonso 
Published: February 2017

<p>El presente artículo rastrea en diversas fuentes documentales la trayectoria de la artista santandereana, María Victoria Porras, desde 1966 hasta 1981. A partir de este material, se propone una interpretación constructivista de algunas de sus obras que entra en diálogo con el contexto económico, histórico, político y social de su ciudad natal, Barrancabermeja, ciudad marcada por el desarrollo urbano vinculado a la industria petrolera. Una lectura que permite entender el modo en que se han articulado en sus obras la ausencia de la figura humana y su restitución en el lenguaje, la reconciliación de la naturaleza y la cultura a través de la tecnología, y la crítica al optimismo desarrollista desde cierta forma de entender la utopía. </p>
Comparison of transabdominal ultrasound and electromagnetic transponders for prostate localization
Authors: Foster Ryan D. , Solberg Timothy D. , Li Haisen S. , Kerkhoff Andrew , Enke Charles A. , Willoughby Twyla R. , Kupelian Patrick A. 
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to compare two methodologies of prostate localization in a large cohort of patients. Daily prostate localization using B‐mode ultrasound has been performed at the Nebraska Medical Center since 2000. More recently, a technology using electromagnetic transponders implanted within the prostate was introduced into our clinic (Calypso). With each technology, patients were localized initially using skin marks. Localization error distributions were determined from offsets between the initial setup positions and those determined by ultrasound or Calypso. Ultrasound localization data was summarized from 16,619 imaging sessions spanning seven years. Calypso localization data consists of 1524 fractions in 41 prostate patients treated in the course of a clinical trial at five institutions and 640 localizations from the first 16 patients treated with our clinical system. Ultrasound and Calypso patients treated between March and September 2007 at the Nebraska Medical Center were analyzed and compared, allowing a single institutional comparison of the two technologies. In this group of patients, the isocenter determined by ultrasound‐based localization is on average 5.3 mm posterior to that determined by Calypso, while the systematic and random errors and PTV margins calculated from the ultrasound localizations were 3–4 times smaller than those calculated from the Calypso localizations.Our study finds that there are systematic differences between Calypso and ultrasound for prostate localization.PACS number: 87.63.dh
Dosimetric effects of air pocket sizes in MammoSite treatment as accelerated partial breast irradiation for early breast cancer
Authors: Huang Y. Jessica , Blough Melissa 
Published: February 2017

MammoSite brachytherapy system has been used as one of the accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) techniques since 2002. The clinical results from several clinical institutions had shown comparable treatment efficacy, cosmesis, and toxicity to other APBI techniques. During MammoSite treatment, air cavities had been one of the primary issues causing treatment cancellation or delay. With the tolerance of the air volume less than 10% of the total Planning Target Volume (PTV) set, there is still no data available to show the actual dose delivered to the breast tissue with the existence of the air pocket. In this paper, Monte Carlo N‐Particle version 5 (MCNP5) was used to model a hypothesis MammoSite phantom with different sizes of air pockets, and compared to the calculation results from the treatment planning system (TPS) without heterogeneous corrections. It was found that without heterogeneous corrections, the difference between the TPS and MCNP5 calculations in the air cavity surface doses and PTV point doses can be up to 2.02% and 3.61%, respectively, using the balloon and air pocket size combinations calculated in this paper. Based on the distance from the point of interest to the balloon surface, an approximate dose can be calculated using the linear relationship found in this study. These equations provide a quick and simple way to predict the actual dose delivered to the breast soft tissue located within the PTV. With the equation applied to the dose from the TPS, the dose error caused by the air pocket during MammoSite treatment can be reduced to a minimum.PACS number: 87.53.Jw
Investigation of a 3D system distortion correction method for MR images
Authors: Stanescu Teodor , Jans Hans‐Sonke , Wachowicz Keith , Fallone B. Gino 
Published: February 2017

Interest has been growing in recent years in the development of radiation treatment planning (RTP) techniques based solely on magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, it is recognized that MR images suffer from scanner‐related and object‐induced distortions that may lead to an incorrect placement of anatomical structures. This subsequently may result in reduced accuracy in delivering treatment dose fractions in RTP. To accomplish the accurate representation of anatomical targets required by RTP, distortions must be mapped and the images rectified before being used in the clinical process. In this work, we investigate a novel, phantom‐based method that determines and corrects for 3D system‐related distortions. The algorithm consists of two key components: an adaptive control point identification and registration tool and an iterative method that finds the best estimate of 3D distortion. It was found that the 3D distortions were successfully mapped to within the voxel resolution of the raw data for a volume.PACS numbers: 87.61.‐c, 87.53.Tf, 87.53.Xd, 87.56.‐v, 87.56.Fc, 87.62.+n