bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problemas do ensino da literatura: do perigo ao voo possível
Authors: Agazzi Giselle Larizzatti 
Published: January 2018

Os problemas sobre a formação do leitor de textos literários são inúmeros e têm se adensado nos últimos anos. A reflexão proposta sobre esse amplo e complexo panorama da educação literária se dá em torno das polêmicas que acompanharam a publicação dos documentos oficiais - PCN, PCNEM e Orientações Curriculares Nacionais -, expressas em “Literatura”, de Enid Yatsuda Frederico e Haquira Osakabe (2004). A discussão percorre alguns dos questionamentos de Rildo Cosson (2009), Graça Paulino (2002) e Todorov (2009), quando se debruçam sobre as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas nas últimas décadas, fazendo reverberar vozes e letras tão antigas como as da professora Lígia Chiappini, ao publicar já em 1983 sua Invasão da catedral: literatura e ensino em debate. A perspectiva assumida é a de que há um progressivo afastamento entre o público e as obras e que ele acontece, ironicamente, por meio das relações entre literatura e ensino. Vê-se nos espaços escolares, acadêmicos a preocupação com a história e as correntes literárias, a biografia dos escritores, as fortunas críticas e, não, com a leitura dos textos literários. Nesse contexto, a literatura, para falar com Todorov (2009), fica em perigo, porque colocada dentro de um ciclo vicioso: os professores vivenciam cada vez menos o texto literário e, com isso, suas práticas são cada vez menos empenhadas na formação do leitor literário. O empobrecimento na educação literária revela-se como um impasse de difícil superação, tratado aqui como um eixo em torno do qual se desdobram os problemas do ensino da literatura. Trata-se da formação inicial e continuada docente, que pouco avançou no que diz respeito à formação dos professores como leitores literários. A aposta é a de que professores com experiências literárias vivas transformam gradativamente as práticas pedagógicas assumidas no cotidiano escolar.
Scenario Analysis on Greenhouse Gas Emission for Waste-to-Energy Alternatives in Japan
Authors: Son LE Hoang , MATSUI Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2018

<p><em>This study focuses on </em><em>G</em><em>reenhouse </em><em>G</em><em>as (GHG) emissions and reductions of </em><em>M</em><em>unicipal </em><em>S</em><em>olid </em><em>W</em><em>aste (MSW) incineration. The authors aim to estimate the detailed composition of GHG emissions and reductions from the waste incineration facility and their influence factors using two Japanese databases on the operation of incinerators from Japan Ministry of the Environment (1,243 facilities) and Japan Waste Research Foundation (814 facilities). The databases cover detailed data on MSW amount and characteristics, specifications of the facility, annual utility consumption, and annual energy/material recovery. The authors analyze the correlations among them and develop predictive models for the detailed components of GHG emissions and reductions.</em></p><p><em>Japan Ministry of the Environment intended to group small municipalities for replacing small-scale incinerators to large-scale </em><em>W</em><em>aste-to-</em><em>E</em><em>nergy (WtE) facilities with a higher energy recovery efficiency. Based on the abovementioned data and models, the authors estimate the expected effects of the block formation and major technological alternatives for GHG mitigation by the national level.</em></p><p><em>The current net GHG emission rate from 1,243 operating waste incineration plants in Japan in 2009 was estimated to be 653 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/t. In the block formation, 1,007 plants were assumed to be closed; 236 kept operating; and 286 facilities would be newly built. The</em><em> </em><em>net GHG emission rate could be cut off to 454 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/t by applying the block formation and technological alternatives with a higher energy recovery efficiency (stalker furnace with power generation by extraction condensing turbine providing steam higher than 3MPa and 300 C). Ash melting caused a larger GHG emission by the increase in energy consumption. The GHG reduction by slag recycling was limited.</em></p><p><em>Furthermore, the net GHG emission rate</em><em> </em><em>could be reduced to 242 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/t by applying the</em><em> </em><em>Best Available Technique (BAT)</em><em> </em><em>for combined heat and power plants. When compared with the current status, BAT can reduce 185 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/t by improving the power generation efficiency and 187 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/t by expanding heat utilization. At present, heat utilization is very limited in Japan, but heat utilization should be more focused and promoted for GHG mitigation decisions.</em></p>
Estudio bibliométrico del sistema de investigación local de San Luis Potosí (1920-2015)
Authors: Hernández-García Yoscelina I. , Navarro-Contreras Hugo 
Published: January 2018

Se presenta un estudio métrico de 1920 a 2015 de producción científica de instituciones del estado de San Luis Potosí. Se construye un instrumento de medición de la información a partir de dos bases de datos de corriente principal, una base de datos histórica y reservorios institucionales. El análisis final concentra 6,574 registros bibliográficos, firmados por autores pertenecientes a 59 instituciones potosinas. Las principales características encontradas en la literatura científica reflejan una alta concentración de colaboración científica y una clara relación entre las disciplinas cultivadas por instituciones potosinas y las áreas con potencial de desarrollo de innovación estatal.AbstractAn informational metric study of San Luis Potosí state’s institutional scientific productivity from 1920 to 2015 is presented. The informational metric instrument is created from two mainstream data bases, a historic data base and institutional reservoirs. The final analysis was performed on 6,574 bibliographic records, signed by authors from 59 Potosinian scientific institutions. The main characteristics found in the scientific literature reflect a high concentration of scientific collaboration and a clear correlation between the scientific disciplines presented in Potosinian institutions and the estate areas of innovation and development.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS: INSTRUMENTO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE CENTROS DE MATERIAL E ESTERILIZAÇÃO
Authors: Ferreira Adriano Menis , Andreotti Janaina Trevizan , Pinto Alexandra Maria Almeida Carvalho , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro , Frota Oleci Pereira , Barcelos Larissa da Silva 
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um instrumento para avaliação de serviços de saúde quanto ao cumprimento das boas práticas de processamento de produtos para a saúde a partir da literatura e legislação vigentes. Métodos: Utilizou-se a validação de conteúdo com a participação de sete peritos. Medidas quantitativas: taxa de concordância e índice de validade de conteúdo foram empregadas, sendo excluídos os itens com taxa de concordância inferior a 85% e com índice de validade de conteúdo inferior a 0,85. Resultados: A versão final do instrumento possui 147 itens contemplando aspectos relativos às condições organizacionais, recursos humanos, segurança e saúde no trabalho, equipamentos e infraestrutura, além do processo de trabalho com enfoque na limpeza, preparo, desinfecção, esterilização, armazenamento e transporte. Conclusão: O instrumento avaliação do cumprimento das boas práticas de processamento de produtos para a saúde foi elaborado e validado por peritos com nível a contento da taxa de concordância e do índice de validade de conteúdo.
Rehabilitación de un suelo salino con yeso agrícola en un cultivo de nogal en el Valle del Yaqui
Authors: Trasviña Barriga Alma María , Borquez Olguin Rafael , Leal Almanza José , Castro Espinoza Luciano , Gutiérrez Coronado Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2018

Pecans are cultivated extensively in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. These soils often have problems of salinity and high concentrations of exchangeable sodium, which cause a decline in pecan productivity. At the end of the season of irrigation with water from the system of reservoirs on the Yaqui River, groundwater is generally used from May to August. This can result in salt accumulation in the soil when water is of poor quality. Gypsum has been used as an amendment to rehabilitate soil by improving its physical and chemical properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gypsum application to a saline soil of a pecan orchard in the Yaqui Valley. Rehabilitation was carried out for two consecutive years. In the first year a dose of 5 and 10 Mg ha‑1 was applied, while in the second year 2 Mg ha‑1 of gypsum was used. Two ridge washings were done after each aplication. The physico-chemical analyses of the soil were conducted following NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 during three years prior to and after the applications of amedment. Once the amendement was applied, the values of electrical conductivity decreased from 12.41 to 6.29 dS m-1, percentage of exchangeable sodium from 12.48 to 5.57 and sodium adsorption ratio from 10.54 to 4.88 at the depth of 0-30 cm. The use of agricultural gypsum and washing in a saline soil of the pecan orchard improved soil chemical properties using 5 and 10 Mg ha-1.
Meeting Changing Industry Expectations from Australian Property Valuation Graduates
Authors: Halvitigala Dulani , Wilkinson Sara , Antoniades Hera 
Published: January 2018

The valuation profession faces significant challenges as more valuation processes become automated, and the role of the valuer becomes more one of data handling than an economic analyst. To respond to industry needs, the role of the valuer must change. It follows that there is a need for universities to re-evaluate their existing property curricula, modifying them where necessary, to prepare their graduates better for a changing workforce. Employing a series of focus group discussions with valuation practitioners, this study examined specific industry expectations from valuation graduates and provides recommendations to strategically align Australian property curricula with industry expectations in order to maintain the relevance of property education.The study identified personal, technical and business-related skills that are essential for graduates to possess. The roles of the professional bodies, industry/employers and educators to meet the changing demand on the profession are identified. Changes are required to degree programme content in respect of digital technologies and statistical knowledge and skills. Whilst the universities offer a set curriculum that adheres to the accreditation requirements of the professional bodies, there is also a need to incorporate specialised knowledge and skills with set pathways. The need for students to have practical experience is apparent and undertaking placements with some assessment that could be credited as part of the degree is recommended. The study highlights the need for a careful analysis of student learning experience to ensure that graduate skills meet the industry expectations, and that graduates themselves are able to adapt to future changes.
Modelling Green Technology Adoption Based on Sustainable Construction Practices
Authors: Foroozanfar Mona , Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar Samad Mohammad , Arbabi Hani 
Published: January 2018

New digital technologies have the potential to monitor the environmental footprint, mainly Carbon emissions due to massive material consumption, earth-moving equipment. However, the construction projects slowly adopt such technologies only for monitoring the footprint and other sustainability purposes. Despite the government’s policies and external pushes, the adoption decision for sustainability innovations largely depends on different stakeholders’ behaviour including developers, consultants, and contractors. This paper presents a novel conceptual model for green technology adoption regarding sustainability in construction industry. This model is developed based on six main constructs organizational facilitating conditions, expected performance, expected efforts, innovativeness, optimism, and user performance.In order to develop the model, factors affecting the green technology adoption process are identified, a questionnaire is designed, and an empirical investigation is conducted to collect data from construction companies. Regression analysis is utilized to analyse the data using SPSS. The findings show the importance of a series of factors influencing sustainable technology adoption. Based on the extensive review on the relevant literature, few empirical studies have been conducted to examine the proposed constructs sustainable technology. The results are also provide a guidance to broaden understanding of users’ adoption behaviour within this context and thereby increasing the chances for successful adoption of sustainable technology and develop activity-level.
Role of Regulatory Framework for Supporting Construction Industry in India
Authors: Doloi Hemanta , Week David , Bora Atul 
Published: January 2018

The construction industry has played a significant role in supporting the steady growth of Indian economy over the past. Second only to agriculture, the construction industry constitutes 6% of GDP. With the rapid rate of urbanisation and increasing liberalisation of the economy, the growth in the housing market is also substantial. Under a single national scheme “Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana (PMGAY)” the Government of India is committing to building over 30 million homes by 2022. To support the growth in the construction industry, an appropriate regulatory framework is crucial.India is a country with a population of 1.3 billion, residing in 29 States and seven Union territories. Total GDP is over two trillion US dollars, growing at more than 7% per annum. No single regulatory framework is currently in place. There is a high degree of fragmentation of policies, which therefore does not support standardised practices or quality in construction.There are many causes of poor construction quality India. Resolving these causes requires an extensive national effort. That effort is made unnecessarily more difficulty by the lack of common national regulations or standards.The University of Melbourne is engaged in a Smart Villages research project to build capacity in construction management in Assam, one of the North-eastern states of India. This research will report on a comparative analysis between the regulatory frameworks of Australia and India. Based on the comparative reviews of the regulatory policies, and comparing the scale and operating environments of both countries, the presentation will highlight regulatory gaps to be filled, and enforcement practices to be created, if India is to overcome the challenges described above.
Top-down constraints on global N2O emissions at optimal resolution: application of a new dimension reduction technique
Authors: Wells Kelley C. , Millet Dylan B. , Bousserez Nicolas , Henze Daven K. , Griffis Timothy J. , Chaliyakunnel Sreelekha , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Saikawa Eri , Xiang Gao , Prinn Ronald G. , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Weiss Ray F. , Dutton Geoff S. , Elkins James W. , Krummel Paul B. , Langenfelds Ray , Steele L. Paul 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present top-down constraints on global monthly N2O emissions for 2011 from a multi-inversion approach and an ensemble of surface observations. The inversions employ the GEOS-Chem adjoint and an array of aggregation strategies to test how well current observations can constrain the spatial distribution of global N2O emissions. The strategies include (1) a standard 4D-Var inversion at native model resolution (4° × 5°), (2) an inversion for six continental and three ocean regions, and (3) a fast 4D-Var inversion based on a novel dimension reduction technique employing randomized singular value decomposition (SVD). The optimized global flux ranges from 15.9 Tg N yr−1 (SVD-based inversion) to 17.5–17.7 Tg N yr−1 (continental-scale, standard 4D-Var inversions), with the former better capturing the extratropical N2O background measured during the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) airborne campaigns. We find that the tropics provide a greater contribution to the global N2O flux than is predicted by the prior bottom-up inventories, likely due to underestimated agricultural and oceanic emissions. We infer an overestimate of natural soil emissions in the extratropics and find that predicted emissions are seasonally biased in northern midlatitudes. Here, optimized fluxes exhibit a springtime peak consistent with the timing of spring fertilizer and manure application, soil thawing, and elevated soil moisture. Finally, the inversions reveal a major emission underestimate in the US Corn Belt in the bottom-up inventory used here. We extensively test the impact of initial conditions on the analysis and recommend formally optimizing the initial N2O distribution to avoid biasing the inferred fluxes. We find that the SVD-based approach provides a powerful framework for deriving emission information from N2O observations: by defining the optimal resolution of the solution based on the information content of the inversion, it provides spatial information that is lost when aggregating to political or geographic regions, while also providing more temporal information than a standard 4D-Var inversion.
The CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System for CO2 and δ13C (CTDAS-C13 v1.0): retrieving information on land–atmosphere exchange processes
Authors: van der Velde Ivar R. , Miller John B. , van der Molen Michiel K. , Tans Pieter P. , Vaughn Bruce H. , White James W. C. , Schaefer Kevin , Peters Wouter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. To improve our understanding of the global carbon balance and its representation in terrestrial biosphere models, we present here a first dual-species application of the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System (CTDAS). The system's modular design allows for assimilating multiple atmospheric trace gases simultaneously to infer exchange fluxes at the Earth surface. In the prototype discussed here, we interpret signals recorded in observed carbon dioxide (CO2) along with observed ratios of its stable isotopologues 13CO2∕12CO2 (δ13C). The latter is in particular a valuable tracer to untangle CO2 exchange from land and oceans. Potentially, it can also be used as a proxy for continent-wide drought stress in plants, largely because the ratio of 13CO2 and 12CO2 molecules removed from the atmosphere by plants is dependent on moisture conditions.The dual-species CTDAS system varies the net exchange fluxes of both 13CO2 and CO2 in ocean and terrestrial biosphere models to create an ensemble of 13CO2 and CO2 fluxes that propagates through an atmospheric transport model. Based on differences between observed and simulated 13CO2 and CO2 mole fractions (and thus δ13C) our Bayesian minimization approach solves for weekly adjustments to both net fluxes and isotopic terrestrial discrimination that minimizes the difference between observed and estimated mole fractions.With this system, we are able to estimate changes in terrestrial δ13C exchange on seasonal and continental scales in the Northern Hemisphere where the observational network is most dense. Our results indicate a decrease in stomatal conductance on a continent-wide scale during a severe drought. These changes could only be detected after applying combined atmospheric CO2 and δ13C constraints as done in this work. The additional constraints on surface CO2 exchange from δ13C observations neither affected the estimated carbon fluxes nor compromised our ability to match observed CO2 variations. The prototype presented here can be of great benefit not only to study the global carbon balance but also to potentially function as a data-driven diagnostic to assess multiple leaf-level exchange parameterizations in carbon-climate models that influence the CO2, water, isotope, and energy balance.
The role of glacier changes and threshold definition in the characterisation of future streamflow droughts in glacierised catchments
Authors: Van Tiel Marit , Teuling Adriaan J. , Wanders Niko , Vis Marc J. P. , Stahl Kerstin , Van Loon Anne F. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Glaciers are essential hydrological reservoirs, storing and releasing water at various timescales. Short-term variability in glacier melt is one of the causes of streamflow droughts, here defined as deficiencies from the flow regime. Streamflow droughts in glacierised catchments have a wide range of interlinked causing factors related to precipitation and temperature on short and long timescales. Climate change affects glacier storage capacity, with resulting consequences for discharge regimes and streamflow drought. Future projections of streamflow drought in glacierised basins can, however, strongly depend on the modelling strategies and analysis approaches applied. Here, we examine the effect of different approaches, concerning the glacier modelling and the drought threshold, on the characterisation of streamflow droughts in glacierised catchments. Streamflow is simulated with the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV-light) model for two case study catchments, the Nigardsbreen catchment in Norway and the Wolverine catchment in Alaska, and two future climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Two types of glacier modelling are applied, a constant and dynamic glacier area conceptualisation. Streamflow droughts are identified with the variable threshold level method and their characteristics are compared between two periods, a historical (1975–2004) and future (2071–2100) period. Two existing threshold approaches to define future droughts are employed: (1) the threshold from the historical period; (2) a transient threshold approach, whereby the threshold adapts every year in the future to the changing regimes. Results show that drought characteristics differ among the combinations of glacier area modelling and thresholds. The historical threshold combined with a dynamic glacier area projects extreme increases in drought severity in the future, caused by the regime shift due to a reduction in glacier area. The historical threshold combined with a constant glacier area results in a drastic decrease of the number of droughts. The drought characteristics between future and historical periods are more similar when the transient threshold is used, for both glacier area conceptualisations. With the transient threshold, factors causing future droughts can be analysed. This study revealed the different effects of methodological choices on future streamflow drought projections and it highlights how the options can be used to analyse different aspects of future droughts: the transient threshold for analysing future drought processes, the historical threshold to assess changes between periods, the constant glacier area to analyse the effect of short-term climate variability on droughts and the dynamic glacier area to model more realistic future discharges under climate change.