bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Lead Testing and Follow-up Testing Among Children Hospitalized for Lead Poisoning
Authors: Chen Yeh-Hsin , Ma Zhen-Qiang , Davis Krista P. , Bogen Debra L. , Watkins Sharon M. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
US children experience lead poisoning, which has detrimental health effects and significant individual and societal costs. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and hospitalization characteristics of children hospitalized for lead poisoning and assess the proportion of inpatients who received blood lead testing and appropriate follow-up testing before hospitalization.

METHODS
2015–2021 hospital discharge data were linked to lead surveillance data for Pennsylvania children aged 0 to 5 years. Demographics, hospitalization characteristics, and lead testing data from children with a primary diagnosis code of lead poisoning were used. The number of hospitalizations, associated hospital length of stay and charges, and the proportion of inpatients who received lead testing and follow-up testing after identification of high blood lead levels before hospitalization were analyzed by selected characteristics.

RESULTS
During the study period, there were 93 children hospitalized for lead poisoning, incurring 443 inpatient days and approximately 6 million dollars in inpatient charges. Of these inpatients, 69.9% were males, 36.6% were non-Hispanic Black, 67.7% were aged 0 to 2 years, 14% had repeated admissions, and 88.2% of admissions were paid by Medicaid. In addition, 20.4% did not have lead testing, and 34.4% had appropriate follow-up testing before hospitalization. Non-Hispanic whites and children with developmental, behavioral, and emotional disorders had relatively low proportions of having appropriate follow-up testing.

CONCLUSIONS
Severe childhood lead poisoning is a significant health and economic burden, especially among children with Medicaid. Further improvements in blood lead testing and follow-up testing can help prevent childhood lead poisoning.
A Családi Kapcsolatok Teszt (FRT) magyar változatának elkészítése és pszichometriai jellemzői
Authors: Karlócai Zsófia , Jersele Adél , Szabó Brigitta , Miklósi Mónika 
Published: October 2024

Háttér és célkitűzések: A családi kapcsolatok minősége kiemelt jelentőségű a gyermek fejlődése, mentális egészsége szempontjából. Angolszász nyelvterületen számos kérdőív áll rendelkezésünkre a témában. Egyikük a Családi Kapcsolatok Teszt (Family Relations Test, FRT), mely az anyához és apához fűződő kapcsolat minőségét vizsgálja a gyermek perspektívájából. Kutatásunk célja az FRT magyar nyelvű változatának elkészítése és faktoriális validitásának elemzése volt. Emellett vizsgáltuk a gyermek szüleihez fűződő kapcsolatának összefüggését az internalizáló és externalizáló tünetekkel, a proszociális viselkedéssel, valamint az életminőséggel. Módszer: Kutatásunkat nem-klinikai mintán végeztük, 10 és 18 év közötti fiatalok adatait elemeztük (N = 217) megerősítő, majd feltáró faktorelemzéssel. A papíralapú vagy online kérdőívcsomag az FRT mellett egy rövid demográfiai kérdőívet, a Gyermek Életminőség Skálát (ILK) és a Képességek és Nehézségek Kérdőívet (SDQ) tartalmazta. Eredmények: A megerősítő faktorelemzés szerint adataink nem illeszkedtek az eredeti, hatfaktoros, illetve a további kutatásokban javasolt kétfaktoros modellekre. A feltáró faktorelemzéssel négy faktort azonosítottunk (sajátértékek 1,43–6,68), amelyek együttesen a variancia 45,61%-át magyarázták (affektusok, elismerés, hasonló gondolkodás, korlátozás/autoritás). Az életminőség összefüggést mutatott az anyai és apai elismeréssel, a hasonló gondolkodással és a korlátozás/autoritással (rendre, F[4,175] = 14,01, p < 0,001, R2 = 0,24, F[4,166] = 17,14, p < 0,001, R2 = 0,29), míg az externalizáló tünetek az anyai elismeréssel, az anyai és apai korlátozással/autoritással és apához hasonló gondolkodással (rendre, F[4,137] = 6,10, p < 0,001, R2 = 0,15, F(4,133) = 8,69, p < 0,001, R2 = 0,21), az internalizáló tünetek az anyai és apai elismeréssel és az apai korlátozással voltak kapcsolatban (rendre, F[4,137] = 5,768, p < 0,001, R2 = 0,144, F[4,133] = 7,921, p < 0,001, R2 = 0,19). Diszkusszió: A Családi Kapcsolatok Teszt magyar változata vizsgálatunk alapján megbízható és érvényes mérőeszköz a családi kapcsolatok mérésére a gyermek perspektívájából.
From the Chattel to the Cattle: Human and Animal Laborers in Ancient Israel and Its Context
Authors: Millar Suzanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In many cultures through history, subjugated human and animal laborers have been treated alike. However, very little research has explored this connection in relation to ancient Israel and Judah or ancient West Asia more broadly. In this article, I analyze the interconnections between institutions of human and animal labor according to biblical and other West Asian evidence. Physically, slaves and livestock were subjected to the same body modifications (such as brandings and piercings) and the same physical beatings. Economically, both groups were central to transactions, being bought, sold, or forcibly taken, and laboring for their masters. Socially, both groups were drawn in to participate in societies and nations, and they were precariously situated in kinship groups. Psychologically, both may have been kept in place by their masters’ Social Dominance Orientation, and slaves may have been animalized to justify their treatment. In these ways, institutions of human and animal labor were entangled and mutually reinforcing, leading to the subjugation of both the chattel and the cattle.
RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF LOGISTICS SCHEMES EFFICIENCY FOR THE GRAIN LOADS TRANSPORTATION FOR EXPORT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MILITARY STATE
Authors: VERNYHORA R. , OKOROKOV A. M. , TITIAPOV V. I. , LATASH S. O. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose. The aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of various logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes for export from production sites to its transshipment points - to sea ports and to border terminals on the border with the countries of the European Union. Methodology. In the research process analysis and synthesis methods were used to study the content and main provisions of scientific publications on the state of the logistic system of transporting Ukrainian grain for export, the theory of operational work of railways for the development of logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes, methods of mathematical statistics for the analysis of tariffs for road transportation, methods of technical economic calculations and determination of transportation tariffs. Results. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of grain delivery logistics schemes, the routes from one of the areas with the largest concentration of grain loading to a large seaport and to a railway and road border checkpoint were considered. At the same time, the following logistics schemes of grain delivery were chosen: automobile transportation by grain trucks and in containers, railway transportation by wagons and route shipments in grain wagons and in containers on fitting platforms. Calculations showed that transportation costs in the direction of ports are 10...15% lower than for transportation to land checkpoints; rail transportation is generally 30...40% cheaper than road transportation, and transportation in containers allows to save 20...25% of the cost of transportation. Scientific novelty. The obtained results make it possible to provide a scientific and economic basis for the development and improvement of the grain cargo transportation system, as well as for the optimization of the parameters of its individual links. Practical significance. Analysis and improvement of grain transportation logistics schemes will increase the efficiency of grain export logistics, reduce the share of the logistics component in the final cost of Ukrainian grain and, accordingly, increase both its competitiveness on foreign markets and foreign currency revenues to the state budget.
Project-based learning: Does it affect geographic literacy skills and learning outcomes?
Authors: Sekarrini Cipta , Sumarmi  , Bachri Syamsul , Tarya Didik , Giofandi Eggy 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of project-based learning on student geographic literacy skills and to determine the effect of project-based learning on student learning outcomes. The research design was quasi-experimental, with a group pretest-posttest design. The research participants were students of the Health geography course in the Geography Education study program, at a State University. The data in this study were analyzed using a normality test, homogeneity test, and paired sample t-test. The results showed that project-based learning had a significant effect on student geographic literacy skills, and project-based learning had a significant effect on student learning outcomes. Implications of the study, a project-based model is recommended for learning in Health Geography courses to improve geographic literacy skills and learning outcomes. Further research is needed to examine the effect of project-based learning with other variables or integrated with web GIS connected to mobile learning media.
Keywords: Geography; learning outcomes; literacy skills; project-based learning.
Dieta, patrones alimentarios y su relación con enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles
Authors: Crovetto M María M. 
Published: October 2024

En la actualidad, los estilos de vida están condicionando el estado de salud de la población, con un aumento de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles (ECNT). La pandemia global de obesidad y de las ECNT son un desafío primordial para la salud en el siglo XXI. Según la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) representan el 63% del total de muertes anuales a nivel mundial, alrededor de 35 millones de defunciones por año. El sobrepeso y la obesidad son el sexto factor de riesgo más importante en el desarrollo de ENT y afectan a 1.400 millones de personas mayores de 20 años y 42 millones de niños(as) menores de cinco, según cifras de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (1,2).
MERA NEW VIKSIT BHARAT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna 
Published: October 2024

Any nation's ability to develop must start with sophisticated communication and transportation systems. In terms of communication and transportation, Bharat is not trailing behind the industrialised nations of the globe. Method: This study is mostly descriptive in character and employs both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Result and Discussion: Twenty cities have been reached by metro rail projects in the past ten years. Through the initiative measures, it was taken in the aviation segment to make it accessible and inexpensive. In the past ten years, 74 new airports have been constructed and put into service. One hundred and eleven more waterways were designated as national waterways. The 29 tunnels those are now being built or have recently been completed span around 79 kilometres. Suggestions: To get a developed nation, Bharat has to perform so many thinks. Conclusion: The dream of a ‘New Biksit Bharat’ represents the spirit and the desire of people and country ready for a quantum change to a new phase of development.
Feeding habits of the longfin goatfish Upeneus supravittatus Uiblein and Heemstra, 2010, along Chennai coast, south India
Authors: S. Gomathy  , E. Vivekanandan  , Kizhakudan Shobha Joe 
Published: October 2024

Recognising the need to understand the feeding habits of marine fishes, a study was undertaken on the longfin goatfish Upeneus supravittatus Uiblein and Heemstra, 2010, which contributed to trawl fisheries along Chennai coast (south-east coast of India). Dataon trophic attributes such as mouth gape area, gill raker counts, stomach and intestine lengths and gut condition and contents were collected and analysed to determine condition index, index of relative importance (IRI), niche breadth and trophic level (TrL) with reference to two variables, namely, body size (small, medium and large) and season (post north-east monsoon (PNE); summer (SUM); south-west monsoon (SW); north-east monsoon (NE). The mouth gape area of U. supravittatus was 129.3 mm2. The maximum body depth-total length ratio was 1:5.0; gill rakers in lower arch was 29 and the relative intestine length was 0.48. Empty stomach contributed 56.1% of the samples. U. supravittatus fed on prey belonging to 25 Orders and >40 Genera. Decapods such as shrimps and crablets were the main prey followed by fishes. The IRI of decapods was 6474 and that of fishes was only 193. The maximum prey size predated by the fish was 33.5 and 9.8% in terms of the predator’s length and weight, respectively. Higher prey diversity was noticed in small size group and during south-west monsoon season. The narrow niche breadth of 0.20 showed the selective nature of the fish to feed on decapods. The fish is a benthic carnivore with a mean trophic level of 3.58. The trophic level decreased with body size. Diet similarity was evident between north-east and post north-east monsoon and between summer and south-west monsoon seasons. Diversity indices showed marginal variation in prey diversity among size groups and among seasons. This study paves way for estimating production efficiency of U. supravittatus.

Keywords: Diet composition, Index of relative importance, Trophic level, Trophic morphology, U. supravittatus
Method validation for the detection of formaldehydein fish using ultra performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Dhruve Domendra , Rajendran Shalini  , Robinson Jeya Shakila  , Ulaganthan Arisekar  , Geevaretnam Jayasekaran  , Asha Hemamalini  , Vedprakash Ratrey  
Published: October 2024

Formaldehyde, the simplest aldehyde, tops the list of illegal and harmful food contaminants. Recently, formaldehyde has been used indiscriminately to preserve the freshness and quality of fish. Numerous incidents of formalin (a solution of formaldehyde) misuse during the storage and transportation of fish have been reported in several parts of India. In this context, it is pertinent to study formalin contamination in fish and shellfish. Protocol for detection of free and bound formaldehyde by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was attempted in the present study. Formaldehyde peak was observed in the expected retentiontime and standardisation of the protocol for formaldehyde determination was then carried out. UPLC method was developed and validated for specificity, repeatability, accuracy, and linearity. The average correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.99. The recovery rates of free and bound formaldehyde were 90.83 to 116.43% and 88.76 to 132.98%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.5 ppm. The study investigated free and bound formaldehyde levels in commonly traded fish species across five major fish markets inTamil Nadu, India. Sphyraena barracuda had the highest recorded concentrations of free and bound formaldehyde at 9.8 and 6.45 mg kg-1, respectively, while Lethrinus lentjan exhibited the lowest concentrations at 0.8 mg kg-1 for free formaldehyde and 0.5 mg kg-1 for bound formaldehyde.

Keywords: Formalin abuse, Limit of detection, Method validation, Retention time UPLC
Structural basis of circularly permuted group II intron self-splicing
Authors: Su Zhaoming , Wang Liu , Xie Jiahao , Zhang Chong , Zou Jian , Huang Zirui , Chen Xingyu , Yang Yang , Dong Haohao , Huang Dingming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The group II introns are self-splicing ribozymes intervened between two exons that undergo excision and exon ligation through lariat formation, which are considered as ancestral forms of spliceosomes. Circularly permuted (CP) group II introns comprise of rearranged structural domains separated by two tethered exons have been artificially designed long ago to generate branched intron and circular exon products via back-splicing, whose natural occurrence has also been recently identified. Although extensive studies have elucidated mechanisms of both forward and reverse splicing processes of canonical group II introns, structural and mechanistic understandings of circular RNA (circRNA) generation by CP introns remain elusive. Here we resolve cryo-electron microscopy structures of a natural CP group II intron with 3'- and 5'-exons at 2.65-2.97 Å resolution, which represent different states associated to two steps of the back-splicing process. Novel tertiary interactions are identified to play allosteric effects on catalytic activity. The branching helix D6 undergoes a 65º conformational change enabled by tertiary interactions with D6 terminal T-loop after the branching reaction to allow docking of 3'-exon for ligation. Local shifts of peripheral domains, exon binding sites, and metal ions in the catalytic core, including a novel metal ion M35 that stabilizes the 5'-exon, are also observed between two steps of splicing. These results elucidate the dynamics of CP group II intron back-splicing process and mechanism of circRNA generation with potential applications in circRNA research and therapeutics.
Synergistic efficacy of three botanical powders against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in maize grain storage
Authors: Debrah Shadrack , Anyanor Andrews Akyenah , Asomah Shadrack , Adjei Remember Roger , Santo Kwadwo Gyasi , Anankware Jacob Paarechuga 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky infestation causes severe post-harvest losses of grains in Ghana leading to a major reduction in the quality and economic value. The synergistic efficacy of three botanical powders against adult S. zeamais was assessed. The botanical powders of Aframomum melegueta, Pipper nigrum, and Zingiber officinale in unmixed forms as positive controls, and admixed forms and the synergy were evaluated against the adult Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize grains at different dosage rates. The botanical powders in admixed and unmixed forms were used to treat 100g of maize grains infested with 40 adult S. zeamais at dosage rates of 0g, 10g, 20g, and 30g. The treatments were kept in glass jars covered with muslin cloth for 28 days post-exposure. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The highest mean adult mortality was recorded from admixed alligator pepper + black pepper at 20g and 30g at day 21, followed by the admixed alligator pepper + black pepper at 30g at day 28. The lowest mean maize grain damage in the admixed botanicals was recorded from alligator pepper + black pepper at 30g exposure at day 28. From the results, we found that the admixed powders demonstrated anti-feedant properties. The study found synergy between the admixed botanical powders in affecting adult S. zeamais mortality and the prevention of grain damage. Their effectiveness in affecting adult S. zeamais mortality and maize grain damage is dose dependent. Farmers could apply the botanical powders in admixed forms to exert stronger efficacy against S. zeamais.
The Senegalese grasshopper Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss, 1877): Dynamics and socio-economic impact in Senegal
Authors: Toure Mamour , Cease Ariane , Fall Amadou , Diop Amsata , Diouf Esther , Bal Amadou Bocar , Mady Ndiaye 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study conducted in Senegal from July to October 2021 aims to study the population dynamics of the Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss), estimate its economic impact and evaluate the implementation of a community-based control strategy. Two hundred and fifty (250) farmers, each with a one-hectare fertilized field and a control field of the same size, were selected in the regions of Fatick, Kaffrine, Thies and Saint Louis. The millet variety souna III was sown in both types of fields, and the fertilized fields received 150 kg of Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potassium (NPK) fertilizer and 150 kg of urea. Larval development stages and generations are determined by repeated sampling in time and space. The density of O. senegalensis was assessed in the fields using the quadrat method and the pedestrian transect method. Damage was estimated by determining the percentage of attack on millet leaves and ears, and by comparing field harvests. The 500 hectares were surveyed 1,500 times. Three generations were identified with all developmental stages except in Saint Louis, where two generations were observed. Oedaleus senegalensis movements and densities decreased in Kaffrine, Fatick, Thies and Saint Louis, following the rainfall gradient. It is more present in control fields, with an average density of 20.25 insects/are and attack rates of 15%, than in fertilized fields, with 8.5 insects/are and attack rates of 2%. Harvests averaged 813.95 kg/ha in fertilized fields versus 435.30 kg/ha in control fields. Fertilization, which increases the protein content of millet, is a means of controlling the insect.
Effect of Cylindrical Core and Pipe Samples Oriented in Different Orientations on Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete Using Various Sizes of Coarse Aggregate: An Experimental Study
Authors: Jabbar Noor Fadhil , Akhaveissy Amir Houshang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study focuses on performing a series of comprehensive tests to analyze compressive strength, compressive fracture energy and failure angle of concrete samples with varying maximum coarse aggregate sizes in different material orientations. The study includes designing three mixtures of normal concrete for an approximately constant compressive strength using three sizes of rounded maximum coarse aggregate (4.75, 9.5 and 19) mm. Two types of samples are prepared for comparison: core samples and pipe samples. Core samples were extracted from unreinforced concrete cubes and lintels, along with three standard cylinders for each coarse aggregate size with diameter of (100) mm and height of (200) mm (high to diameter ratio 2). After a curing period of 28 days in water, by using core drilling machine (75) samples with diameter (54) mm and height (97) mm (high to diameter ratio 1.8) are drilled at five inherent orientations (0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°). Pipe samples preparation of plastic pipes involves cutting and fixing them at five inherent orientations (0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°). The pipes are then filled with a mixture for each size of coarse aggregate (4.75, 9.5 and 19) mm. After water curing for 28 days, cutting to obtain (75) samples with diameter (47) mm and height (95) mm (high to diameter ratio 2). The results show that the compressive strength and compressive fracture energy of concrete are significantly influenced by the maximum size of coarse aggregate and the material orientation. The lowest compressive strength values for core and pipe samples were recorded at angle 45, while the maximum compressive strength for core samples was recorded at angle 0 and for pipe samples at angle 90. The highest compressive strength was recorded for the sizes (19, 9.5 and 4.75) mm, respectively.
WITHDRAWN: Regional Slope Stability Modeling in Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya to Understand the Impact of Gravity Loading and Seismic Shaking
Authors: Sengupta Arnab , Nath Sankar Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.