bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Cloud Transitions across the Kuroshio Front in the East China Sea
Authors: Liu Jing-Wu , Xie Shang-Ping , Yang Shuang , Zhang Su-Ping 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The East China Sea Kuroshio (ECSK) flows in the East Asian monsoon region where the background atmospheric circulation varies significantly with season. A sea surface temperature (SST) front associated with the ECSK becomes narrower and sharper from winter to spring. The present study investigates how low clouds respond to the ECSK front in different seasons by synthesizing spaceborne lidar and surface visual observations. The results reveal prominent cross-frontal transitions in low clouds, which exhibit distinct behavior between winter and spring. In winter, cloud responses are generally confined below 4 km by the strong background descending motion and feature a gradual cloud-top elevation from the cold to the warm flank of the front. The ice clouds on the cold flank of the ECSK front transform into liquid water clouds and rain on the warm flank. The springtime clouds, by contrast, are characterized by a sharp cross-frontal transition with deep clouds reaching up to 7 km over the ECSK. In both winter and spring, the low-cloud morphology exhibits a large transformation from the cold to the warm flank of the ECSK front, including increases in cloud-top height, a decline in smoothness of cloud top, and the transition from stratiform to convective clouds. All this along with the atmospheric soundings indicates that the decoupling of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is more prevalent on the warm flank of the front. Thus, long-term observations reveal prominent cross-frontal low-cloud transitions in morphology associated with MABL decoupling that resemble a large-scale cloud-regime transition over the eastern subtropical Pacific.
An Example of Persistent Microstructure in a Long Rain Event
Authors: Jameson A. R. , Larsen M. L. , Kostinski A. B. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A 2D video disdrometer (2DVD) probe was used to gather detailed drop measurements over a 770-min rain event. Accumulated totals of the rainfall and of the number of drops for each square centimeter showed persistent, significant correlated structures across the approximately 11 cm × 11 cm grid of the 2DVD. This is surprising because larger-scale studies suggest that the values in each square centimeter should be highly correlated with very little variation. Nevertheless, this correlation remains strikingly similar to what is observed at a coarser resolution, suggesting that it somehow scales with spatial resolution. However, because the correlation functions are not power laws, the origin of this scaling must be due to a factor other than fractal geometry. Analysis reveals that this occurs because of a filtering effect such that as the domain size (or resolution of a remote sensor) becomes finer, it is only the smaller wavelengths that contribute most to the variance so that the correlation function also scales. Consequently, correlated finescale structures can apparently occur even over 10 cm. This fine structure was also found for the kinetic energy and impact power of the rain, important for understanding the initiation of soil erosion. The patterns in the integrated parameters appeared to arise almost exclusively from patterns in the total number of drops with patterns in the drop sizes playing an insignificant role. Therefore, in future studies of rain it is recommended that the total number of drops be retained as a crucial variable.
Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Irminger Ring Formation and Boundary–Interior Heat Exchange in FLAME
Authors: de Jong M. F. , Bower A. S. , Furey H. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe contribution of warm-core anticyclones shed by the Irminger Current off West Greenland, known as Irminger rings, to the restratification of the upper layers of the Labrador Sea is investigated in the 1/12° Family of Linked Atlantic Models Experiment (FLAME) model. The model output, covering the 1990–2004 period, shows strong similarities to observations of the Irminger Current as well as ring observations at a mooring located offshore of the eddy formation region in 2007–09. An analysis of fluxes in the model shows that while the majority of heat exchange with the interior indeed occurs at the site of the Irminger Current instability, the contribution of the coherent Irminger rings is modest (18%). Heat is provided to the convective region mainly through noncoherent anomalies and enhanced local mixing by the rings facilitating further exchange between the boundary and interior. The time variability of the eddy kinetic energy and the boundary to interior heat flux in the model are strongly correlated to the density gradient between the dense convective region and the more buoyant boundary current. In FLAME, the density variations of the boundary current are larger than those of the convective region, thereby largely controlling changes in lateral fluxes. Synchronous long-term trends in temperature in the boundary and the interior over the 15-yr simulation suggest that the heat flux relative to the temperature of the interior is largely steady on these time scales.
Penetrating Neck Trauma
Authors: McCrary Hilary C. , Nielsen Tyson J. , Goldstein Stephen A. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: The aim of this report is to describe a case of a retained projectile metal object to the neck that occurred after airbag deployment during a motor vehicle accident. Methods: Case report with literature review. Results: After a motor vehicle accident on the interstate, a 19-year-old man presents to the emergency department for several open extremity fractures, a neck laceration, and a C1 lateral mass fracture. The trauma surgery team repaired the neck laceration with no further evidence of injury. Several weeks later on follow-up, the patient presents with dysphagia and pain when turning his head to the right. A repeat computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan revealed a metallic foreign body in the left posterior pharyngeal, prevertebral soft tissues, which was subsequently removed during exploratory surgery 2 months after his initial accident. Conclusions: This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a projectile metal object to the neck that may be related to airbag deployment. The car involved in this accident was under recall for airbags that were associated with projectile objects, which warrants further investigation into the possible risks of such airbags.
Municipal real properties and the challenges of new public management: a spotlight on Romania
Authors: Constantin Daniela-Luminita , Mitrut Constantin , Grosu Raluca Mariana , Profiroiu Marius , Iosif Alina Elena 
Published: April 2016

In the transition and developing countries the use of surplus real property might be a good response to the acute need for local sources of revenues provided the requirements of the new public management regarding efficiency, effectiveness and quality of public services are carefully observed. The research has focused on the case of Romanian cities' real properties, aiming to reveal the problems of the existing municipal real property (MRP) management system in relation to both overall city conditions and the characteristics of the institutional and organizational framework. A questionnaire-based survey followed by nonparametric statistical tests have been employed in this respect, confirming the working hypothesis which points to the importance of the existence of an MRP plan, an MRP strategy and an MRP unit at municipality level for the effective use of these assets. A series of viable solutions to the problems identified have been also formulated. Points for practitioners The article emphasizes the decisive role of the strategic approach and corresponding instruments for effective MRP management, putting forward valuable recommendations for making MRP an important source of revenue for municipal governments. They are derived from the findings obtained within the EU-funded project entitled ‘Municipal Property Management in South-East European Cities’ (PROMISE) by the Bucharest University of Economic Studies team, one of the 13 partners involved. Its contribution has been nominated by the International Project Management Association among the five finalists of the Achievement Award global competition, category Community Service/Development Project 2013.
Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 promote control of the fungal pathogen Trichophyton rubrum independently of IL-17 and adaptive immunity in experimental deep dermatophytosis
Authors: Yoshikawa Fabio SY , Yabe Rikio , Iwakura Yoichiro , de Almeida Sandro R , Saijo Shinobu 
Published: April 2016

Dermatophytoses are chronic fungal infections, the main causative agent of which is Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). Despite their high occurrence worldwide, the immunological mechanisms underlying these diseases remain largely unknown. Here, we uncovered the C-type lectin receptors, Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, as key elements in the immune response to T. rubrum infection in a model of deep dermatophytosis . In vitro, we observed that deficiency in Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 severely compromised cytokine production by dendritic cells. In vivo, mice lacking Dectin-1 and/or Dectin-2 showed an inadequate pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to T. rubrum infection, impairing its resolution. Strikingly, neither adaptive immunity nor IL-17 response were required for fungal clearance, highlighting innate immunity as the main checkpoint in the pathogenesis of T. rubrum infection.
Phase 1 studies of central memory–derived CD19 CAR T–cell therapy following autologous HSCT in patients with B-cell NHL
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Popplewell Leslie L. , Wagner Jamie R. , Naranjo Araceli , Blanchard M. Suzette , Mott Michelle R. , Norris Adam P. , Wong ChingLam W. , Urak Ryan Z. , Chang Wen-Chung , Khaled Samer K. , Siddiqi Tanya , Budde Lihua E. , Xu Jingying , Chang Brenda , Gidwaney Nikita , Thomas Sandra H. , Cooper Laurence J. N. , Riddell Stanley R. , Brown Christine E. , Jensen Michael C. , Forman Stephen J. 
Published: April 2016

Key PointsTCM-derived CD19 CAR T–cell therapy is safe for treatment of poor-risk NHL patients undergoing autologous HSCT. Addition of a CD28 costimulatory domain to the CAR, plus changes to T-cell product manufacturing, resulted in improved T-cell expansion.
ImiRP: a computational approach to microRNA target site mutation
Authors: Ryan Bridget C. , Werner Torben S. , Howard Perry L. , Chow Robert L. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ~22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of messenger RNA (mRNA) through base-pairing to 6–8 nucleotide long target sites, usually located within the mRNA 3’ untranslated region. A common approach to validate and probe microRNA-mRNA interactions is to mutate predicted target sites within the mRNA and determine whether it affects miRNA-mediated activity. The introduction of miRNA target site mutations, however, is potentially problematic as it may generate new, “illegitimate sites” target sites for other miRNAs, which may affect the experimental outcome. While it is possible to manually generate and check single miRNA target site mutations, this process can be time consuming, and becomes particularly onerous and error prone when multiple sites are to be mutated simultaneously. We have developed a modular Java-based system called ImiRP (Illegitimate miRNA Predictor) to solve this problem and to facilitate miRNA target site mutagenesis.

Results
The ImiRP interface allows users to input a sequence of interest, specify the locations of multiple predicted target sites to mutate, and set parameters such as species, mutation strategy, and disallowed illegitimate target site types. As mutant sequences are generated, ImiRP utilizes the miRBase high confidence miRNA dataset to identify illegitimate target sites in each mutant sequence by comparing target site predictions between input and mutant sequences. ImiRP then assembles a final mutant sequence in which all specified target sites have been mutated.

Conclusions
ImiRP is a mutation generator program that enables selective disruption of specified miRNA target sites while ensuring predicted target sites for other miRNAs are not inadvertently created. ImiRP supports mutagenesis of single and multiple miRNA target sites within a given sequence, including sites that overlap. This software will be particularly useful for studies looking at microRNA cooperativity, where mutagenesis of multiple microRNA target sites may be desired. The software is available at imirp.org and is available open source for download through GitHub (https://github.com/imirp).
Conventional Hemodialysis is Associated with Greater Bone Loss than Nocturnal Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Observational Study of a Convenience Cohort
Authors: Auguste Bourne L. , Yuen Darren , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Compared with the general population, end-stage renal disease patients are at increased risk for bone loss and fractures. Nocturnal hemodialysis offers superior calcium-phosphate control and improved uremic clearance compared with conventional hemodialysis. Rates of bone loss by type of hemodialysis are unknown. Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are differences in bone loss between frequent nocturnal hemodialysis and conventional hemodialysis. Design: This is a retrospective observational study. Setting: Participants were selected from two teaching hospitals in downtown Toronto. Participants: The study included 88 participants on dialysis for at least 6 months (52 patients on conventional hemodialysis and 36 patients converted from conventional hemodialysis to nocturnal hemodialysis). Patients on peritoneal dialysis and with previous renal transplants were excluded. Measurements: We obtained demographic variables and biochemical data by a chart review. We examined changes in bone mineral density at the hip (femoral neck, total hip) and spine (L1 to L4) measured at baseline and about 1 year in the two groups. Methods: We used Student's t test for evaluation of between-group mean differences in demographic and biochemical parameters. We used linear regression models adjusted for baseline age, weight, dialysis vintage, markers of mineral metabolism (serum phosphate, serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone), and baseline bone mineral density at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine to determine the annualized percent change by hemodialysis type. Results: Conventional hemodialysis subjects were older than nocturnal hemodialysis subjects (66 ± 9 vs 43 ± 10 years; p < 0.0001) with no significant differences in weight, dialysis vintage, serum phosphate, or parathyroid hormone between the two groups at baseline. In a period over 1 year, conventional hemodialysis compared to nocturnal hemodialysis subjects had significantly greater bone mineral density losses at all sites (1.6 % loss at the lumbar spine (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.2–3.1), 1.3 % loss at the femoral neck (95 % CI 0.1–2.5), and 1.1 % loss at the total hip (95 % CI 0.1–2.6). Limitations: Some limitations to this study are the lack of medication administration history, short duration (~1 year), and small sample sizes. Conclusions: This is the first study comparing bone density between hemodialysis modalities. Our study demonstrates that bone loss is less in nocturnal hemodialysis compared to that in conventional hemodialysis which may result in less fractures. Larger observational studies are ultimately needed to confirm preliminary findings from our study.
Conflict of interest disclosure in biomedical research: a review of current practices, biases, and the role of public registries in improving transparency
Authors: Dunn Adam G. , Coiera Enrico , Mandl Kenneth D. , Bourgeois Florence T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractConflicts of interest held by researchers remain a focus of attention in clinical research. Biases related to these relationships have the potential to directly impact the quality of healthcare by influencing decision-making, yet conflicts of interest remain underreported, inconsistently described, and difficult to access. Initiatives aimed at improving the disclosure of researcher conflicts of interest are still in their infancy but represent a vital reform that must be addressed before potential biases associated with conflicts of interest can be mitigated and trust in the impartiality of clinical evidence restored. In this review, we examine the prevalence of conflicts of interest, evidence of the effects that disclosed and undisclosed conflicts of interest have had on the reporting of clinical evidence, and the emerging approaches for improving the completeness and consistency of disclosures. Through this review of emerging technologies, we recognize a growing interest in publicly accessible registries for researcher conflicts of interest and propose five desiderata aimed at maximizing the value of such registries: mandates for ensuring that researchers keep their records up to date; transparent records that are made available to the public; interoperability to allow researchers, bibliographic databases, and institutions to interact with the registry; a consistent taxonomy for describing different classes of conflicts of interest; and the ability to automatically generate conflicts of interest statements for use in published articles.
Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use
Authors: Heidari Shirin , Babor Thomas F. , De Castro Paola , Tort Sera , Curno Mirjam 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Sex and gender differences are often overlooked in research design, study implementation and scientific reporting, as well as in general science communication. This oversight limits the generalizability of research findings and their applicability to clinical practice, in particular for women but also for men. This article describes the rationale for an international set of guidelines to encourage a more systematic approach to the reporting of sex and gender in research across disciplines.

Methods
A panel of 13 experts representing nine countries developed the guidelines through a series of teleconferences, conference presentations and a 2-day workshop. An internet survey of 716 journal editors, scientists and other members of the international publishing community was conducted as well as a literature search on sex and gender policies in scientific publishing.

Results
The Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines are a comprehensive procedure for reporting of sex and gender information in study design, data analyses, results and interpretation of findings.

Conclusions
The SAGER guidelines are designed primarily to guide authors in preparing their manuscripts, but they are also useful for editors, as gatekeepers of science, to integrate assessment of sex and gender into all manuscripts as an integral part of the editorial process.
Integrated rock classification in the Wolfcamp Shale based on reservoir quality and anisotropic stress profile estimated from well logs
Authors: Aderibigbe Aderonke , Chen Valdes Clotilde , Heidari Zoya 
Published: April 2016

Reliable rock classification is the key to identify target zones for successful hydraulic fracturing stimulation treatment in unconventional reservoirs such as organic-rich mudrocks. Such a rock classification scheme should take into account geologic attributes, petrophysical, and geomechanical properties (i.e., in situ stress gradient and elastic properties) to improve the likelihood of successful fracture treatment. However, conventional rock classification methods do not take into account stress gradients in the formation. We have developed a new rock classification technique that integrates four rock classification schemes based on the (1) geologic facies, (2) reservoir quality, (3) stress profile, and (4) completion quality. The techniques applied in these classification schemes include core description and thin section analysis, well-log-based depth-by-depth petrophysical and compositional characterization, and analysis of geomechanical measurements. Geomechanical analysis of core measurements and well logs provide a depth-by-depth assessment of minimum horizontal stress assuming vertical transverse isotropy in the formation. We have performed the geologic facies and reservoir quality classifications using an artificial neural network analysis, in which well logs and well-log-based estimates of the petrophysical and compositional properties were inputs to the network. Our technique was applied to a well located in the Wolfcamp Shale in the Delaware Basin. Based on the integrated rock classification results, we recommend the middle of the upper Wolfcamp and the bottom of the lower Wolfcamp depth intervals as the best candidates for fracture initiation and fracture containment zones, respectively. The selection of these zones was based on the reservoir quality and average minimum horizontal stress gradient calculated in these intervals. Our integrated rock classification technique can improve the planning and execution of completions design for hydraulic fracture treatments.
Κινηματογραφική εκπαίδευση στο 2ο Γυμνάσιο Αργοστολίου: Μελέτη περίπτωσης, η επίδραση της δημιουργίας ταινίας μικρού μήκους στη συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη των μαθητών της Α΄ τάξης
Authors: Λιναρδάτου Χαριτίνη 
Published: April 2016

Η κινηματογραφική εκπαίδευση στο σχολείο είναι μια καινοτόμα εμπειρία μάθησης, την οποία αξιοποίησαν οι μαθητές της Α΄ τάξης του 2ου Γυμνασίου Αργοστολίου στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος Αγωγής Υγείας με θέμα «παίζοντας και μαθαίνοντας στο σχολείο». Οι μαθητές συμμετείχαν στον 5ο Πανελλήνιο Μαθητικό Διαγωνισμό ταινιών μικρού μήκους «Ένας πλανήτης …μια ευκαιρία» με την ταινία μικρού μήκους «το καθαρό παιχνίδι» διάρκειας 6 λεπτών και το περιεχόμενο της οποίας αφορά στην ενδοσχολική βία. Εφαρμόζοντας τη μέθοδο «project» οι μαθητές είχαν την ευκαιρία να προσεγγίσουν με βιωματικό και αλληλεπιδραστικό τρόπο τη διαμόρφωση των σταδίων που απαιτούνται για να γίνει μια ταινία μικρού μήκους. Ανέλαβαν ρόλους (ηθοποιοί, σεναριογράφοι, σκηνοθέτες κ.λ.π) προκειμένου να υλοποιήσουν την ιδέα του σεναρίου. Το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον σε αυτό το άρθρο επικεντρώνεται στην «αποτύπωση» της δικής τους ματιάς για τη δημιουργία της ταινίας μικρού μήκους προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί η ανάπτυξη των γνωστικών και συναισθηματικών δεξιοτήτων και ειδικότερα της συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης.