bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDISATION OF CAYRATIA PEDATA (LAM.) GAGNEP. VAR. GLABRA GAMBLE–AN ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED MEDICINAL CLIMBER IN THIASHOLA, NILGIRIS
Authors: S. Sharmila , K. Kalaichelvi , M. Dhivya S. 
Published: December 2017

Objective: The main objective was to develope a detailed pharmacognostic profile of aerial plant parts of Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. var. glabra Gamble (Vitaceae) an endemic and endangered medicinal taxon distributed in Thiashola, Manjoor, Nilgiris South Division, Western Ghats.Methods: All pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Cayratia pedata var. glabra was carried out by different evaluation methods like macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, minerals, vitamins, heavy metal analysis, phytochemical studies and GC/MS analysis.Results: The macroscopical investigation revealed that the stem is hirsute and grows upto a height of 12 m. The leaves are alternate, oblong and acuminate with smooth surface and texture (3 to 6 cm). Tendril, leaf opposed, branched, wiry and coiled. Flowers yellow and fruits bilobed. The anatomical study in tendril and old stem provides a set of characters specific for C. pedata var. glabra with which one can establish the identity of the plant in fragmentary form.The availability of macro and micro elements were studied in plant powder (ash). The macro elements, calcium (34.50 mg/100 g) and potassium (11.45 mg/100 g) were present in high amount likewise in microelements manganese (4.56 mg/100 g) was significantly higher. The fat soluble vitamin A - retinol (156.8 iu) was present in higher amount when compared to other vitamins. Results of heavy metal analysis revealed that the concentration of Lead was less than 1 ppm and chromium occurred in traces. The other heavy metals like mercury, cadmium and arsenic were totally absent.The percent yield was maximum in methanol extract (11%) followed by water extract (10%).The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and tannins, steroids and sterols, triterpenoids and volatile oil. GC–MS analysis showed the presence of 15 compounds such as Heptadecane (17.36%), Silane, trichlorooctadecyl (17.29%), Eicosane (15.44%), Heptane, 2,2,3,3,5,6,6-heptamethyl (14.71%), n-Tetradecyltrichlorosilane (13.64%), Pentadecane (10.55%), Iron, tricarbonyl [N-(phenyl-2-pyridinylmethylene) benzenamine - N, N’] (10.91%) and Octadecane (8.93%) were the other major compounds present.Conclusion: The above parameters, which are being testimony for the first time, are momentous towards establishing the pharmacognostic profile for future identification and authentication of genuine plant material. This approach is important for this time since this species is listed in Red data book as per the IUCN red list categories and criteria due to their lower germination percentage and also due to its enriched medicinal value.
THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ARGANIA SPINOSA SEEDS AGAINST HYPERHOMOCYSTENEMIA INDUCED BY HIGH METHIONINE DIET IN MICE
Authors: Aklil Badiaa , Zerizer Sakina , Kabouche Zahia 
Published: December 2017

Objective : Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacities lead to several clinical manifestations and particularly, cardiovascular and liver diseases. Our aim in this study was to investigate the protective effect of Argania spinosa crude exctract against high methionine diet induced HHcy , oxidative stress and damages in the aorta, and heart of mice.Materials and methods: Adult male Mus Musculus were systematically divided into four groups of similar mean body weights and fed for 21 days with control and experimental diets. The control group (F) was fed with white bread (0.50mg/mice), group (M) was fed with L-methionine (500mg/kg/day), group (MP) was fed with L-methionine (500mg/kg/day) plus A.spinosa crude extract (150mg/kg), and the group (P) was treated with A.spinosa crude extract (150mg/kg/day). The experimental diets were given in white bread (0.50mg/mice). After 3 weeks of treatments, homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations, hepatic antioxidant status and histological sections of aorta and heart were determined.Results: Consumption of high methionine diet led to an increase in plasma Hcy , reduced the concentrations of GSH, and the enzyme catalase. These were associated with the loss and degeneration of endothelium, fenestration and formation of foam cells of aorta, also the alteration of the cardiac muscle. However, administration of A.spinosa crude extract in combination with methionine ameliorated all these changes.Conclusion: A.spinosa crude extract is effective in decreasing plasma Hcy level as induced by methionine enriched diet in mice, and improves the antioxidants defense.
HESPERIDIN HYDROGEL FORMULATION USING PECTIN-CHITOSAN POLYMER COMBINATION
Authors: Fahrurroji Andhi , Thendriani Dea , Riza Hafrizal 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Hesperidin is flavonoid glycosides that proven to have therapeutic activity to any desease, one of them is colon disease; but, its low solubility (< 100 mg/L) makes small absosption inside the body so it needs delivery system that could deliver hesperidin to the therapy target. The objective of this research is to get optimum formula from hydrogel with polimer pectin-chitosan combination that can control in vitro hesperidin release.Method: Optimum hydrogel formula determination using Design Expert 7.0.0 with factorial method design, resulted in formula plans with pectin-chitosan consentration comparison of (P3% : C1%), (P3% : C2%), (P5% : C1%), (P5% : C2%) respectively.Result: Optimum formula with pectin : chitosan concentration comparison (5% : 1%) has entrapment efficiency about 96.658%; k(/hour) swelling index at pH 5.0, 6.8, and 7.4, about 34.917, 15.766, and 8.146 respectively; drug release at pH 5.0, 6.8, and a medium contained 2% mouse’s caecum about 0.461, 20.116, and 52.955% respectively; and the mucoadhesive strength about 0.184 N/cm2.Conclusion: The combination of pectin-chitosan polymer in hydrogel muchoadhesive matrix can control hesperidin in vitro release with the drug release value at the highest concentration of pectin in medium contained 2% mouse’s saecum that could release drug about 56%. Hesperidin hydrogel release mechanism follows Higuchi kinetic.
ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT AND COUMPOUNDS OF NONI (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA LINN)
Authors: Mauliku Novie E. , W. Hendro , Saputro Suharyo Hadi , Kristina Tri N. 
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antitubercular activity of extracts and compounds isolated of Morinda citrofolia Linn (noni) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (H37Rv) with a dose of 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml. Methods: The noni fruits was extracted using 96% ethanol. A crude ethanol extract of noni tested by phytochemical fractionation to obtain flavonoids, alkaloids, scopoletin, and anthraquinone. Extract and active compounds of noni testing antibacterial activity against tuberculosis (H37RV) bacterial with a dose of 10 mg / ml, 20 mg / ml, 30 mg / ml and 40 mg / ml. This study was performed in vitro with laboratory-based experimental study. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance.Results: Compounds of noni shown to have antitubercular activity in inhibiting the growth of MDR TB bacteria at various doses compared to controls (p = 0.00). The mean number of bacterial colonies on the MDR TB crude ethanol extract (59.0± 60.51), alkaloids (64.8 ± 49.36), anthraquinone (69.5 ± 50.40), flavonoids (72.9 ± 58.7), scopoletin (95.9 ± 33.3) and negative controls (189.3 ± 35.19). Crude extract, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and flavonoid have highly bactericidal inhibition than scopoletin and negative control. The exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against M. Tuberculosis on the compound of the noni fruit is at a dose of 40 mg / ml Conclusion: All compounds and extract of noni fruits represents a potent active anti-TB against M. tuberculosis strains. An crude extract of noni was the most active compound against M. tuberculosis strains (H37RV).
VALIDATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOLK LORE KNOWLEDGE OF PURIFIED ANTHOCYANIN FROM CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF CLERODENDRON INFORTUNATUM L.: A SEARCH
Authors: Murukan Greeshma , Sumayya S. S. , Aswathy J. M. , Lawarence Bosco , Murugan K. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of purified anthocyanin extracted from the cell suspension culture of Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. Methods: A protocol has been developed for the induction of callus proliferation from leaf and nodal explants of C. infortunatum. The explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with diverse combinations of 2,4-D and BAP for triggering callus formation. Subsequently, the green compact callus has been sub-cultured in the medium fortified with 2,4-D and Kinetin for anthocyanin synthesis. Cell suspension culture was also established and the elicitor, salicylic acid was used for triggering anthocyanin synthesis. Three different chromatographic columns (solid phase extraction by Sepharose C18 column, Oasis-MCX and Amberlite XAD 7 + Sephadex LH 120 sorbents) were employed to purify the in vitro synthesized anthocyanin from cell suspension cultures. For purity evaluation HPLC and molar absorptivity assay were used. Further, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity was evaluated comparing with silymarine, as standard in rats. In vitro antioxidant scavenging activity was analysed by DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assay.Results: After 1 month, the leaf explants yielded remarkable green compact callus on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. Salicylic acid enhanced anthocyanin synthesis. The mean purity values obtained by HPLC were 90.9% ± 1.9 and 80.60% ±2.3 for Oasis MCX, Amberlite XAD-7 + Sephadex LH-20 column respectively. However, the purity calculated by molar absorptivity was found to be less. The highest purity achieved using molar absorptivity analysis was with MCX cartidges i.e., 85.9 ± 3.8%. HPLC yielded 12 anthocyanin fractions. Remarkable antioxidant scavenging activity was noticed as revealed by DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assay. The hepatoprotection activity (25, 50, 100 mg/100g b.w) was compared with silymarine (25 mg/kg b.w) against CCl4 induced toxicity. Anthocyanin extract improved the AST, ALT and recovered the activity of kidney function by decreasing the urea and creatinine content. In addition, the administration of anthocyanin significantly inhibited the oxidative stress via its scavenging of the reactive oxygen species formed by CCl4 stress. Further, a decrease in the MDA, H2O2, NO accumulation and increase of GSH content were noticed. Similarly, improved lipid profiles, LDL and HDL levels were also observed suggesting that anthocyanin significantly suppress the toxicity via its activation of antioxidant enzymes (GST, CAT and SOD).Conclusion: The overall results showed that the purified anthocyanin of C. infortunatum function as an antioxidant and there by hepatoprotective protection against CCl4 inducedtoxicity in animal models.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS IN THE MEADOW OF NANOSTRUCTURE MAGNETIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND ITS PROMISING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Powar Priyatama V. 
Published: December 2017

This article discusses about magnetic nanoparticles, their physico-chemical properties various applications in medicinal sectors and technology advancements. Superparamagnetic, high magnetic susceptibility, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and less Curie temperature are critical characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles which make them suitable for assorted medical applications. Now a day’s magnetic particles play significant role in diverse technological areas with potential applications in fields such as electronics, energy biomedicine and diagnosis. Magnetic nanoparticles have been a vivacious topic of extreme research for the last fifty years due to its top-down approaches. The prospective of magnetic nanoparticles stems from the fundamental characteristics of their magnetic cores collective with their drug loading capability, biochemical properties. This article review the modern advancement of magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery, focusing chiefly on the impending applications like targeted drug delivery, bioseparation, ,magnetic resonance and cancer diagnosis, induction of hyperthermia, induction of hyperthermia, nanorobotic agents ,tissue engineering ,artificial muscle ,magnetically activated polymers, controlled tissue assembly, control cell function, bone regeneration scaffold ,destruction of blood clots ,labeling stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles, implant-assisted intrathecal magnetic drug targeting, biodegradable magnetic nanocomposite stent, local drug delivery etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ALPINIA CALCARATA AND ALPINIA GALANGA
Authors: Melanathuru Vijayalakshmi , Rengarajan Sumathy , Thangavel Nithyanandan 
Published: December 2017

Objective: The present study was to determine in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga.Methods: The phytochemical screening of rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavanoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride reagents. The various antioxidant assays and cytotoxic assays (MTT) for Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard methods (DPPH radical scavenging assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay) Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga showed the presence of flavanoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The phenolic content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 454.05 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 480.13 μg/mg and were expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The flavanoid content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 36.34 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 67.68 μg/mg and were expressed as quercetin equivalent. In DPPH assay, Alpinia galanga showed 95.36% where as Alpinia calcarata showed 54.54% at 120 μg/ml. The maximum NO• radical scavenging activity was 59.44% for Alpinia calcarata and was 73.10% for Alpinia galanga at 120 µg/ml concentration. The maximum reducing property was found at the 120 μg/ml of aqueous extract of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga which was higher than the Alpinia calcarata. In Phosphomolybdenum assay, the aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga were 55.47% and 78.38% respectively. The results of present investigation indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays than Alpinia galanga. The cytotoxicity assay results indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed 88.36% cell viability whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 73.59% cell viability.Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that rhizome of Alpinia galanga are abundant in phenols and flavanoids which may be useful for the development of anticancer drug.
SYNTHESIS OF INDOLE, COUMARINYL AND PYRIDINYL DERIVATIVES OF ISONIAZID AS POTENT ANTITUBERCULAR AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND THEIR MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES
Authors: Rathod Anil S. , Godipurge Shivakumar S. , Biradar Jaiprakash S. 
Published: December 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to the synthesis of indole, coumarinyl and pyridinyl derivatives of isoniazid as potent anti-TB and antimicrobial agents and their molecular docking studies.Methods: The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and Mass spectroscopic methods and to evaluate the biological studies like anti-TB, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The mode of action of these active compounds was carried out by molecular docking studies.Results: Among all the synthesized compounds tested 5d was found to be the most active with M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain at 12.5µg/ml, 5b at 25µg/ml, 4d was found to be the most active with S. typhi, S. aureus and A. Nizer, 5a with A. Oryzae, 5c with A. terrous and A. Flavous and 5d with Shegella at 100µg/ml and some of the compounds like 4d, 5a, 5b and 5d have shown promising antioxidant properties.Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds have exhibited promising anti-TB, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
TO ASSESS THE DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN AND TO ANALYZE PHARMACOECONOMICS FOR GERIATRICS IN-PATIENT IN MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Singh Gurudeo N. 
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to generate the data on drug utilization pattern among geriatric inpatients in general medicine department.Methods: The patient’s prescriptions and medical record files were randomly selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria at medicine department of Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital, Dehradun and the required data for the study were collected in well-designed data collection form and evaluated after the period of 3 months.Results: Among 175 patients, males were predominant and 31.42% patients were in age group of 71-75 years. Cardiovascular diseases (28%) were most common cause of hospitalization followed by, respiratory disorders (20.57%). Hypertension (25.72%) was most commonly diagnosed disease followed by, diabetes mellitus (22.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.28%). The most common co-morbidity was hypertension & diabetes mellitus. More than 3 co-morbidities were found in 79 patients. Cardiovascular drugs (22.17%) was most frequently prescribed drug followed by, gastrointestinal drugs (15.30%). Among individual drugs pantoprazole (A02BC02) was most commonly prescribed drugs. Total of 1581 drugs were prescribed with an average of 9.03 drugs per prescription. Only 9.63% drugs were prescribed by generic name. Antimicrobials were prescribed in 146 prescriptions, among them ceftriaxone (J01DD04) was frequently prescribed.Conclusion: Most of the drugs were utilized by male patients and the rate of polypharmacy was high.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TAI DAN MODEL KONVENSIONAL DI SDN DERMO I BANGIL KABUPATEN PASURUAN
Authors: Rahma Aulia Nur , Anshory AM Ichsan , Yayuk Erna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: According to observation done by researcher that in SDN Dermo I of Bangil Sub-district Pasuruan. The research purposes are: (1) finding out and describing student’s learning result difference after learning process using cooperative learning model: TAI with conventional learning model in SDN Dermo 1 Elementary School of Bangil Sub-district Pasuruan Regency, and (2) finding out and describing which model are more effective between cooperative model TAI type and conventional model. The research uses experiment research type. Pretest is analyzed with normality and homogenity test, according to the analysis, there found that all classes has normal distribution and homogen. T-test analysis shows that learning result using cooperative learning model TAI type with average 72.50 is significantly better than learning result using conventional learning model with average 62.00. Abstrak: Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan peneliti bahwa di SDN Dermo I Bangil Kabupaten Pasuruan. Peneliti mencoba menerapkan pembelajaran kooperatif, salah satu pembelajaran kooperatif TAI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan perbedaan hasil belajar siswa setelah kegiatan pembelajaran mengguna- kan model TAI dengan model konvensional di SDN Dermo 1 Bangil Kabupaten Pasuruan, dan (2) Untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan manakah model yang lebih efektif antara model TAI dengan model konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Ha- sil pretest dianalisis dengan uji normalitas dan homogenitas, berdasarkan analisis tersebut dida- patkan semua kelas berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Hasil analisis uji-t yaitu hasil belajar menggunakan model TAI dengan rata-rata 72,50 lebih baik secara signifikan dibanding dengan hasil belajar menggunakan model konvensional dengan rata-rata 62,00. Kata Kunci: hasil belajar matematik, model TAI, model konvensional
AKTIVITAS BERMAIN SEBAGAI KONTEKS DALAM BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR DENGAN PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK
Authors: Bito Gregonius Sebo 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Plays is joyfull activity for Elementary School Students. This reality as something advatages for using that in mathematics learning. There are some spaces in Realistic Mathematics Education Approach for using plays as starting point to developing mathematical concept. This paper describes some examples about using play activities as context for facilitate students learning mathematics with meaning and joyfull.Abstrak: Bermain merupakan kegiatan yang menyenangkan bagi anak usia Sekolah Dasar. Kenyataan ini merupakan sesuatu yang menguntungkan untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Pendekatan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik (PMR) memberi ruang untuk menggunakan aktivitas bermain sebagai starting point pengembangan konsep matematika. Makalah ini menyajikan contoh bagaimana sebuah aktivitas bermain dapat digunakan sebagai konteks untuk memfasilitasi siswa belajar matematika secara bermakna dan menyenangkan.Kata Kunci: aktivitas bermain, konteks, matematika realistik
A kereskedelmi iskoláink a 19. századi német és francia szakoktatás tükrében
Authors: Adrienn Nagy 
Published: December 2017

Kulcsszavak: magyar középfokú szakképzés, német, francia recepciós hatások, gyakorlati tantárgyak arányaA 19. század második felében kibontakozó hazai középfokú kereskedelmi szakképzés mintájául a német, osztrák, valamint a francia kereskedelmi szakoktatási „modell” szolgált. A rendelkezésünkre álló elsődleges (szervezeti szabályzatok, iskolai értesítők, tantervek) és másodlagos források vizsgálata, összehasonlító elemzése során arra kerestük a választ, hogy vajon az Eötvös József és munkatársai által feltérképezett, így különös figyelmet kapó német, osztrák és francia szakiskolai rendszer egyes elemei (a képzés szerkezetét, a tananyag tartalmát és a végzettséget tekintve) megjelentek-e, ha igen, milyen formában a hazai kereskedelmi iskolák megszervezése során. Továbbá vizsgálatunk tárgyát képezte annak feltérképezése, hogy miként alakult e hangsúlyosan gyakorlati képzést is nyújtó, közvetlenül a munkaerőpiacra felkészítő közép/felső kereskedelmi iskolatípusban az elméleti és a szakmai tantárgyak óraszámának aránya.Key words: Hungarian secondary vocational education, German, French reception effects, rate of practical subjectsThe German, Austrian and French trade vocational educational “model” served as an example for the Hungarian secondary trade vocational education starting in the second half of the 19th century. During the examination and comparative analysis of the primary (organizational regulations, school reports, syllabuses) and secondary sources available we were searching the answer whether certain elements of the German, Austrian and French vocational school system mapped by József Eötvös and his colleagues and thus getting a special attention (regarding the structure of the training, the content of the curriculum and the qualification) appeared, and if yes, in what form during the organizing of the national trade schools. Our examination also included the mapping of how the rate of the number of theoretical and professional subjects developed in this secondary/higher trade school type preparing directly for the labour market and providing mainly practical training, too.