bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal dynamics of predator-prey species interactions off western Canada
Authors: Fu Caihong , Olsen Norm , Taylor Nathan , Grüss Arnaud , Batten Sonia , Liu Huizhu , Verley Philippe , Shin Yunne-Jai 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Ecosystem models are valuable tools for informing fisheries management due to their ability to simulate the spatial dynamics of modelled species, their trophic interactions, and their responses to fishing in an ecosystem context. In this study, we developed an OSMOSE (Object-oriented Simulator of Marine Ecosystems Exploitation) model for the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA) ecosystem off western Canada, which simulated the entire life cycle of six key species and for the first time integrated spatial population structure and “background” taxa. Background taxa are of secondary importance for the study at hand but have the potential to be important prey or predators of the key species. The primary aim of the study was to explore how the population dynamics of the key species differed over time and different management areas, with results focusing on Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) and Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) that have been assessed on a single-species basis in the last 5 years. Results found that the population dynamics of a specific species varied in different management areas due to differences in species interactions particularly in the form of predation mortality, which supports the current area-specific assessment and management framework. The study also indicated that increasing predation mortality may have caused the decline of the Pacific Cod populations. By contrast, increasing starvation mortality was found to be a limiting factor for the Pacific Herring populations. The discoveries from these OSMOSE simulations provide important information for fisheries management within the PNCIMA ecosystem.
CD40–CD40L cross-talk drives fascin expression in dendritic cells for efficient antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells
Authors: Elizondo Diana M , Andargie Temesgen E , Kubhar Dineeta S , Gugssa Ayele , Lipscomb Michael W 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFascin is an actin-bundling protein that, among immune cells, is restricted to expression in dendritic cells (DCs). Previous reports have suggested that fascin plays an important role in governing DC antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. However, no report has clearly linked the receptor–ligand engagement that can direct downstream regulation of fascin expression. In this study, bone marrow-derived DCs from wild-type versus CD40-knockout C57BL/6 mice were used to elucidate the mechanisms of fascin expression and activity upon CD40–CD40 ligand (CD40L) engagement. These investigations now show that CD40 engagement governs fascin expression in DCs to promote CD4+ T-cell cytokine production. Absence of CD40 signaling resulted in diminished fascin expression in DCs and was associated with impaired CD4+ T-cell responses. Furthermore, the study found that loss of CD40–CD40L engagement resulted in reduced DC–T-cell contacts. Rescue by ectopic fascin expression in CD40-deficient DCs was able to re-establish sustained contacts with T cells and restore cytokine production. Taken together, these results show that cross-talk through CD40–CD40L signaling drives elevated fascin expression in DCs to support acquisition of full T-cell responses.
Oral Application of Magnesium-l-Threonate Attenuates Vincristine-induced Allodynia and Hyperalgesia by Normalization of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α/Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling
Authors: Xu Ting , Li Dai , Zhou Xin , Ouyang Han-Dong , Zhou Li-Jun , Zhou Hang , Zhang Hong-Mei , Wei Xu-Hong , Liu Guosong , Liu Xian-Guo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Antineoplastic agents, including vincristine, often induce neuropathic pain and magnesium deficiency clinically, but the causal link between them has not been determined. No drug is available for treating this form of neuropathic pain.

Methods
Injection of vincristine (0.1 mg · kg-1 · day-1, intraperitoneally, for 10 days) was used to induce nociceptive sensitization, which was accessed with von Frey hairs and the plantar tester in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Magnesium-l- threonate was administered through drinking water (604 mg · kg-1 · day-1). Extracellular and intracellular free Mg2+ were measured by Calmagite chromometry and flow cytometry. Molecular biologic and electrophysiologic experiments were performed to expose the underlying mechanisms.

Results
Vincristine injection induced allodynia and hyperalgesia (n = 12), activated tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB signaling, and reduced free Mg2+ in cerebrospinal fluid by 21.7 ± 6.3% (mean ± SD; n = 13) and in dorsal root ganglion neurons by 27 ± 6% (n = 11). Reducing Mg2+ activated tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB signaling in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Oral application of magnesium-l-threonate prevented magnesium deficiency and attenuated both activation of tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB signaling and nociceptive sensitization (n = 12). Mechanistically, vincristine induced long-term potentiation at C-fiber synapses, up-regulated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor type 2B subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, and led to peptidergic C-fiber sprouting in spinal dorsal horn (n = 6 each). The vincristine-induced pathologic plasticity was blocked by intrathecal injection of nuclear factor-κB inhibitor (n = 6), mimicked by tumor necrosis factor-α, and substantially prevented by oral magnesium-l-threonate (n = 5).

Conclusions
Vincristine may activate tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB pathway by reduction of intracellular magnesium, leading to spinal pathologic plasticity and nociceptive sensitization. Oral magnesium-l-threonate that prevents the magnesium deficiency is a novel approach to prevent neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapy.
Utility of Walk Tests in Evaluating Functional Status Among Participants in an Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Harris Kristie M. , Anderson Derek R. , Landers Jacob D. , Emery Charles F. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
Although walk tests are frequently used in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), no prior study has evaluated the capacity of these measures to predict peak oxygen uptake during exercise testing (

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2peak). This study evaluated the interrelationship of objective measures of exercise performance (walk and exercise testing) among patients entering CR as well as a novel measure of functional status assessment for use in CR.

Methods:
Forty-nine patients (33 males) referred to an outpatient CR program were evaluated with objective measures of ambulatory functional status (peak oxygen uptake [

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2peak], 6-minute walk test [6MWT], and 60-ft walk test [60ftWT]).

Results:
All measures of functional status were moderately to highly intercorrelated (r values from 0.50 to 0.88; P values < .05). The relationship among measures differed by sex, but not by age or diagnosis. Among men, results were generally consistent with the full sample. Among women, the magnitude of correlations was generally lower and there was no relationship between

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2peak and other measures.

Conclusions:
Measures of functional status, including

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2peak, 6MWT, and 60ftWT, were highly correlated among CR patients, suggesting the plausibility of using them interchangeably to fit the needs of the patient and testing environment. Among women, walk tests may not be appropriate substitutes for

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2peak. Because of the brevity of the 60ftWT, it may be particularly useful for measuring functional status in patients with greater symptoms and those with comorbidities limiting walking.
Effects of a 6-Week Aquatic Treadmill Exercise Program on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Walking Endurance in Subacute Stroke Patients
Authors: Han Eun Young , Im Sang Hee 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To assess the feasibility and safety of a 6-week course of water walking performed using a motorized aquatic treadmill in individuals with subacute stroke for cardiorespiratory fitness, walking endurance, and activities of daily living.

Methods:
Twenty subacute stroke patents were randomly assigned to aquatic treadmill exercise (ATE) or land-based exercise (LBE). The ATE group (n = 10) performed water-based aerobic exercise on a motorized aquatic treadmill, and the LBE group (n = 10) performed land-based aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer. Both groups performed aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures were 6-minute walk test for walking endurance and cardiopulmonary fitness parameters of a symptom-limited exercise tolerance test, and secondary measures were Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) for activities of daily living. All variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention.

Results:
The ATE group showed significant improvements in 6-minute walk test (P = .005), peak oxygen uptake (

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2peak; P = .005), peak heart rate (P = .007), exercise tolerance test duration (P = .005), and K-MBI (P = .008). The LBE group showed a significant improvement only in K-MBI (P = .012). In addition, improvement in

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2peak was greater in the ATE than in the LBE group.

Conclusion:
This preliminary study showed that a 6-week ATE program improved peak aerobic capacity and walking endurance in patients with subacute stroke. The improvement in

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2peak after an ATE exercise program was greater than that observed after an LBE program. Therefore, ATE effectively improves cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with subacute stroke.
Cure Rate of Fungal Keratitis With Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Matoba Alice Y. , Barrett Ryan , Lehmann Anna E. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To study the cure rate of fungal keratitis with moxifloxacin 0.3% monotherapy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients with culture-proven fungal keratitis who initially received moxifloxacin 0.3% monotherapy was performed.

Results:
Eleven patients with culture-proven fungal keratitis were initially treated with moxifloxacin. One case each of Curvularia and Alternaria keratitis resolved with moxifloxacin monotherapy (18%).

Conclusions:
Moxifloxacin may have a significant clinical therapeutic effect in a subset of patients with fungal keratitis. Review of the literature in combination with the current study suggests that in patients with clinical features suggestive of fungal keratitis, if rapid diagnostic tests are negative or not available, pending culture results, initial therapy should include a fluoroquinolone (moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin) and/or an aminoglycoside (tobramycin or gentamicin).
Assessing the Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Donor Corneal Endothelial Cell Density
Authors: Liaboe Chase A. , Aldrich Benjamin T. , Carter Pamela C. , Skeie Jessica M. , Burckart Kimberlee A. , Schmidt Gregory A. , Reed Cynthia R. , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Greiner Mark A. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To quantify changes in endothelial cell density (ECD) of donor corneal tissue in relation to the presence or absence of a medical history of diabetes mellitus diagnosis, treatment, and complications.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed for all corneas collected at Iowa Lions Eye Bank between January 2012 and December 2015. For purposes of analysis, donor corneas were divided into 4 groups: nondiabetic, non–insulin-dependent diabetic, insulin-dependent diabetic without medical complications due to diabetes, and insulin-dependent diabetic with medical complications due to diabetes. ECD values (obtained through specular microscopy) and transplant suitability for endothelial transplantation (determined by the standard protocol of the eye bank) were compared among groups using linear mixed model analysis.

Results:
In total, 4185 corneas from 2112 donors were included for analysis. Insulin-dependent diabetic samples with medical complications due to diabetes (N = 231 from 119 donors) showed lower ECD values compared with nondiabetic samples (−102 cells/mm2, P = 0.049) and non–insulin-dependent diabetic samples (−117 cells/mm2, P = 0.031). ECD values did not differ significantly among the remaining groups. The likelihood of suitability for endothelial transplantation did not differ among all 4 groups.

Conclusions:
Corneas from donors with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and medical complications resulting from the disease have lower mean ECD values compared with other donors. However, our analysis suggests that these corneas are equally likely to be included in the donor pool for corneal transplantation. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism(s) contributing to cell loss in donors with advanced diabetes and to assess associated endothelial cell functional impairment.
Hyperalgesic priming (type II) induced by repeated opioid exposure: maintenance mechanisms
Authors: Araldi Dioneia , Ferrari Luiz F. , Levine Jon D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We previously developed a model of opioid-induced neuroplasticity in the peripheral terminal of the nociceptor that could contribute to opioid-induced hyperalgesia, type II hyperalgesic priming. Repeated administration of mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, such as DAMGO, at the peripheral terminal of the nociceptor, induces long-lasting plasticity expressed, prototypically as opioid-induced hyperalgesia and prolongation of prostaglandin E2–induced hyperalgesia. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of type II priming. Opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, induced hyperalgesia in DAMGO-primed paws. When repeatedly injected, naloxone-induced hyperalgesia, and hyperalgesic priming, supporting the suggestion that maintenance of priming involves changes in MOR signaling. However, the knockdown of MOR with oligodeoxynucleotide antisense did not reverse priming. Mitogen-activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase, which are involved in the Src signaling pathway, previously implicated in type II priming, also inhibited the expression, but not maintenance of priming. However, when Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors were coadministered, type II priming was reversed, in male rats. A second model of priming, latent sensitization, induced by complete Freund's adjuvant was also reversed, in males. In females, the inhibitor combination was only able to inhibit the expression and maintenance of DAMGO-induced priming when knockdown of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30) in the nociceptor was performed. These findings demonstrate that the maintenance of DAMGO-induced type II priming, and latent sensitization is mediated by an interaction between, Src and MAP kinases, which in females is GPR30 dependent.
The Relationships Among Pain, Depression, and Physical Activity in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Haedtke Christine , Smith Marianne , VanBuren John , Klein Dawn , Turvey Carolyn 
Published: March 2017

Introduction:
Increasing patients' physical activity levels holds many opportunities to facilitate health and well-being among those with heart failure (HF) by improving HF symptoms and decreasing depression and pain. Given low exercise participation rates, an essential first step to increase exercise rates is to evaluate how pain and depression may further influence engagement in exercise programs.

Aims:
The aims of this study were to describe the level of physical activity and exercise that patients with HF with depression achieve and to investigate the relationships among pain, depression, total activity time, and sitting time.

Methods:
In this correlational cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 61 participants with depression and New York Heart Association class II to IV HF.

Results and Conclusions:
The total time spent being active was less than 1 hour per day. Depressed patients with HF have much lower physical activity levels than the general public. Decreasing sitting time and increasing light activity levels hold promise to improve pain and depression symptoms.
Impact of Fatigue Characteristics on Quality of Life in Patients After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Chou Yu-Ying , Lai Yeur-Hur , Wang Shoei-Shen , Shun Shiow-Ching 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Fatigue has been identified as a major symptom in heart transplant (HTx) patients; however, researchers have not examined the role of fatigue characteristics (ie, intensity, interference, and duration) in the quality of life (QOL) of HTx patients.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore differences in physical and mental aspects of QOL by patient characteristics, as well as the association between fatigue characteristics and QOL in HTx patients after considering other confounding factors (symptom distress and psychological distress).

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which patients completed the Transplant Symptom Frequency and Symptom Distress Scale, the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. Multiple regressions were used to identify factors significantly related to QOL.

Results:
A total of 126 patients reported moderate levels of fatigue intensity, mild fatigue interference, and low QOL scores in the physical and mental domains. Patients with better physical and cardiac function and lower symptom distress and fatigue interference had better scores on the physical aspect of QOL (explaining 30.7% of the variance); patients with lower fatigue interference, anxiety, and depression had better scores on the mental aspect of QOL (explaining 50% of the variance).

Conclusions:
Fatigue interference had a greater influence on QOL domains than fatigue intensity. The degree to which fatigue interferes with daily life should be assessed, and suitable interventions should be introduced in clinical settings to help patients manage their fatigue and improve their QOL.
Endoscopic Stapes Surgery: A Comparison With Microscopic Surgery
Authors: Sproat Rhona , Yiannakis Constantina , Iyer Arunachalam 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To investigate postoperative audiological outcomes and complication rates for fully endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery carried out by a single surgeon in one center.

Patients:
All patients having undergone endoscopic and non-endoscopic stapes surgery for otosclerosis from September 2009 to August 2016 under a single surgeon.

Intervention(s):
Stapedotomy using either an operating microscope or endoscope for visualization. Stapedotomy was carried out using a standard approach.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Pre- and postoperative audiometry and complications.

Results:
Thirty-four patients who underwent endoscopic stapes surgery and 47 patients who underwent non-endoscopic stapes surgery were included in this study. Seventy-nine percent of both endoscopic and non-endoscopic groups had the average air-bone gap closed to less than 10 dBHL, respectively; the difference was not significant (p = 0.940, χ
2 test). No patients with sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, or facial nerve paresis were reported. Two of 34 patients (6%) of the endoscopic group had the chorda tympani cut intraoperatively for access compared with 11 of 47 patients (23%) of the non-endoscopic group. Sixteen of 47 patients (34%) required an endaural incision for access in the non-endoscopic group; no endaural incisions were made in the endoscopic group.

Conclusion:
Air-bone gap closure and patient complications did not vary significantly between endoscopic and non-endoscopic groups in this study of 34 endoscopic procedures. There is a requirement for further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods to fully gauge the safety and effectiveness of this technique.
Krüppel-like factors in endothelial cell biology
Authors: Chang Eugene , Nayak Lalitha , Jain Mukesh K. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate integral functions of endothelial cells including inflammation, proliferation, growth, apoptosis, cell differentiation and plasticity, and migration. This review will focus on the role of KLFs in physiological activity and their loss in vascular pathology.

Recent findings
New studies have pointed at the role of microRNAs as repressors of KLFs in atherosclerotic areas providing another level of signaling regulation of KLFs.

Summary
KLFs are important regulators of almost all facets of endothelial biology, making them a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to fully characterize their functions.
Defense Mechanisms and Utilization in Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy
Authors: Porcerelli John H. , Cramer Phebe , Porcerelli Daniel J. , Arterbery V. Elayne 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A group of 49 patients who had been diagnosed with cancer during the preceding year and who were receiving radiation therapy were assessed for their use of defense mechanisms, as well as for their level of psychological distress. In addition, their utilization of medical services was determined. It was predicted that the use of services that were under the patients' control—namely, requesting extra outpatient visits and making trips to the emergency department—would be related to the patients' use of defense mechanisms, whereas a treatment option not under the patients' control—overnight hospitalization based on physicians' assessment of condition—would not be related to defense use. The findings confirmed the hypotheses. Outpatient visits were strongly predicted by defense use, whereas hospitalization was determined by psychological distress. However, emergency department visits were determined by both defense use and psychological distress. In addition, an interaction between defense and distress was found to predict hospitalization.
Acquired Constriction Ring
Authors: Meier Rahel , Haug Luzian , Surke Carsten , Mathys Lukas , Vögelin Esther 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Rubber band syndrome is a rare entity seen in younger children mainly in communities where rubber bands are worn around the wrist for decorative purposes. When the band is worn for a long duration, it burrows through the skin and soft tissues resulting in distal edema, loss of function, and even damage to the neurovascular structures. These symptoms are difficult to relate to this rare but typical condition. We report a case of a 2¾-year-old girl with the history of a linear circumferential scar at the right wrist combined with the limited use of a swollen hand for several weeks. The child was taken to surgery with the purpose to release the red, indurated scar and eliminate the lymphatic congestion. A rubber band was found lying in a plane superficial to the flexor tendons but had cut through the superficial branch of the radial nerve and partially through the abductor pollicis longus tendon. The band was removed and the lacerated structures were repaired. The child had excellent recovery postoperatively. The cardinal features of a linear constricting scar around the wrist in the presence of a swollen hand should always alert the clinician to the possibility of a forgotten band around the wrist, which might have burrowed into the soft tissues for a period. Early recognition may be important to prevent further damage of essential structures.