bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence, correlates, and help-seeking of eating disorders in Switzerland
Authors: Mohler-Kuo M. , Schnyder U. , Dermota P. , Wei W. , Milos G. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEating disorders (EDs) have long-term physical and mental impacts on those affected. However, few population-based studies have estimated the prevalence of EDs. We aimed to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of EDs using DSM-IV criteria, and to examine differences against the DSM-5 criteria for anorexia.MethodA nationally representative sample of 10 038 residents in Switzerland was interviewed, and prevalence rates for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) were assessed using WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interviews (WHO-CIDI).ResultsThe lifetime prevalence rate for any ED was found to be 3.5%. Lifetime prevalence estimates for AN, BN, and/or BED were 1.2%, 2.4%, and 2.4%, respectively, among women and 0.2%, 0.9%, and 0.7%, respectively, among men. Utilizing the DSM-5 criteria, the prevalence of AN in women increased by more than 50%, from 1.2% to 1.9%. Among those meeting the criteria for any ED, only 49.4% of men and 67.9% of women had ever sought professional help about their problems with eating or weight.ConclusionsThe higher prevalence of BN we detected relative to other studies should prompt further monitoring for a possible increasing trend. The female v. male ratios, especially for bulimia and BED, are decreasing. Given that more than half of those affected have never consulted any professional about their problems with eating or weight, routine inquiries about eating and weight by clinicians, school teachers/psychologists, and family members may help those who are at risk, especially among men.
II.—Additions to the paper “On the Establishment of the Elementary Principles of Quaternions &c.,” in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. XXVII
Authors: Plarr G. 
Published: July 2016

Page 190, to the alinea (beginning with): “the sole condition to be satisfied, is,” &c. (ending with): “… the versor of the expression may then become what it may,” add:provided this versor does not differ from the versor of the productmade by successive multiplication (according to the definition of multiplication of more than two vectors), the quaternions w + ω, w−ω being likened respectively to the productsby a proper choice of the vectors p and .
Astronomy Development in Morocco: a Challenge to Stimulate Science and Education
Authors: Chamcham Khalil 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFrom my experience in Morocco, I discuss the difficulties one can face while trying to set up projects in a country where astronomy is a forgotten science: everything has to be built from scratch and, at the same time, one is required to keep up the pace at the international level. But, on the other side, it is quite a relief to see the strong demand from students and the public. In these circumstances even professional astronomy cannot survive without feedback from the public and long-term investment in education at all levels.
Astronomy in Venezuela
Authors: Rosenzweig Patricia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince the installation of the Observatorio Cagigal in Caracas, astronomy in Venezuela has developed steadily, and, in the last few decades, has been strong. Both theoretical and observational astronomy now flourish in Venezuela. A research group, Grupo de Astrofísica (GA) at the Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) in Mérida, started with few members but now has increased its numbers and undergone many transformations, promoting the creation of the Grupo de Astrofísica Teórica (GAT), the Grupo de Astronomía, the Centro de Astrofísica Teòrica (CAT), and with other collaborators initiated the creation of a graduate study program (that offers master’s and doctor’s degrees) in the Postgrado de Física Fundamental of ULA. With the financial support of domestic Science Foundations such as CONICIT, CDCHT, Fundacite, and individual and collective grants, many research projects have been started and many others are planned. Venezuelan astronomy has benefitted from the interest of researchers in other countries, who have helped to improve our scientific output and instrumentation. With the important collaboration of national and foreign institutions, astronomy is becoming one of the strongest disciplines of the next decade in Venezuela.
Is Astronomical Research Appropriate for Developing Countries?
Authors: Snowden Michael. S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn unproductive 45-cm astronomical telescope, given by JICA (Japan) to Sri Lanka, raises general questions as to the reasons for unproductive pure science in developing countries. Before installation, site, maintenance, and scientific objectives were discussed. The facility was launched with a conference organised by the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. Unfortunately, no research or significant education has resulted after four years. The annual operating cost is U.S. $5000 per year, including salary for a trainee, maintenance, and a modest promotional programme. Comparison with a similar installation in Auckland suggests lack of funding or technical competence do not explain the failure in Sri Lanka. The facility in New Zealand, on the roof of Auckland University’s Physics Department, has a slightly smaller budget but has led to modest but useful research and teaching. Lack of financial backing and expertise are often blamed for weak science in developing countries, but examination shows most of these countries have adequately skilled people, and plenty of resources for religion and military. General lack of motivation for science appears to be the principal reason. This lack of interest and highly inefficient bureaucracies are common to scientifically unproductive countries. They mostly lack the cultural and philosphical base of the European Renaissance that motivate the pursuit of modern science, an activity that violates human preferences. There are excellent facilities (ESO, SAAO, Cerro Tololo, and GONG) in some of these same countries, when administered from the West.
Overcoming the English-Language Barrier
Authors: Mahoney Terry J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAstronomers from non-English-speaking countries, who form a sizeable proportion of the astronomical research community, are obliged to communicate the results of their investigations in a language that is not their own. Consequently, good science is frequently masked by poor command of English, which can create an unnecessary barrier to the communication of scientific results. A suggested method of surmounting the language barrier is the setting up of scientific editorial services in at least the major astronomical centres. It is further argued that journal editors, rather than scientific referees, should be responsible for judging the linguistic and stylistic quality of articles presented for publication. The peer-review system would then be restricted exclusively to the scientific rather than linguistic content of papers presented.The scientific Editorial Service of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, in operation since 1996, is briefly described in this context.
Commission 31: Time: (L’Heure)
Authors: Fukushima T. , Petit G. , Backer D.C. , Beutler G. , Brumberg V.A. , Fliegel H.F. , Leschiutta S.M. , Luck J. , Paquet P. , Provebio E. , Qi G.R. , Thomas C. , Veillet C. , Winkler G.M.R. , Zhai Z.C. 
Published: July 2016

The CCTF (formerly named CCDS) held its 14th meeting on 20-22 April 1999. Following the discussions, seven Recommendations were adopted and submitted to the Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM). The list is the following:
1. Recommendation S 1 (1999): Mise-en-pratique of the definition of the second.2. Recommendation S 2 (1999): On stating uncertainty in comparisons involving primary frequency standards.3. Recommendation S 3 (1999): On the comparison of primary frequency standards.4. Recommendation S 4 (1999): On the use of multi-channel and multi-code GPS and GLONASS time receivers.5. Recommendation S 5 (1999): Time and frequency comparisons using GPS phase and code measurements.6. Recommendation S 6 (1999): Future global navigation satellite systems.7. Recommendation S 7 (1999): On Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency TransferAdditionally discussed were the present form of UTC and mostly the interest of preserving the leap second. The advantages and disadvantages of several options regarding the future use of leap seconds were compared. The CCTF, however, felt that it did not have the authority to propose any action. Then CCTF decided to ask the BIPM Director to write to the relating international bodies including IAU so as to draw their attentions to this issue while recommending the usage of TAI in case a time scale without discontinuity is needed. Also it was decided, in order to make more expedite the process, to ask the opinions of the various Commissions of the Scientific Unions.
Commission 15: Physical Study of Comets, Minor Planets and Meteorites
Authors: Donn Bertram 
Published: July 2016

The illness which prevented Dr. N. Richter from presiding over Commission 15 sessions in Montreal proved fatal on November 26, 1980.Books published since 1978 dealing with the subject matter of Commission 15 are: (1) Comets and The Origin of Life, ed. C. Ponnomperuma, 1981, D. Reidel pub. Co., Dordrecht, Holland (designated C. P. Colloq. in Report); (2) Comets, ed. L. Wilkening, Univ. Arizona Press, 1982 (designated Comets, 1982 in Report) contains invited reviews of Tucson, IAU Colloquium No 61, “Comets” Gases, Ices, Grains, Plasma”. Contributed papers will appear in a volume of Icarus. Papers dealing with cometary and asteroidal orbits appear in IAU Symp. 81, 1979 and with cometary grains and meteorites in IAU Symp. 90, 1981. Proceedings of Workshops are: (1) “Experimental Approaches to Comets”, ed. J. Oro, 1978, Lunar and planetary Institute, Pub. 361; (2) “Modern Observational Techniques for Comets”, eds. J. Brandt et al., 1981, JPL Pub. 81-68, NASA.
46. Teaching of Astronomy
Authors: Wentzel D. G. , Houziaux L. , Rigutti M. , Buscombe W. , Iwaniszewska C. , Kleczek J. , Kononovich E. V. , Mavridis L. , Okoye S. E. , Peery B. F. , Ringuelet A. 
Published: July 2016

The projects of this Commission are increasingly aimed at the astronomically developing countries. The projects are:International Schools for Young Astronomers. These are the highest-priority activity of the Commission. They last three weeks, have typically 25 to 35 participants, cover a range of astronomical topics with emphasis on practical training, and are funded by the IAU, UNESCO, and local sources. This report covers three schools: i) La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, September 1979, participants from Spain, Portugal, Canary Islands and five Latin American countries, ii) Hvar, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia, September – October 1980, participants from Balkan and Mediterranean countries, iii) Helwan Observatory, Cairo, Egypt, participants from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, Greece, Portugal, Hungary, China.
12. Commission De La Radiation Solaire Et De La Spectroscopie Solaire
Authors: Abetti M. G. 
Published: July 2016

The report is compiled from information supplied by several members, in response to a request for information. Several members replied that they are not now actively concerned with the subjects with which this Commission is dealing. No attempt has been made to review the work done in these subjects in the years since the last General Assembly of 1938.Daily determinations of the solar constant have been continued by the staff of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution at Montezuma (Chile) and at Table Mountain (U.S.). Apparatus and methods are being developed by Abbot and his co-operators for the daily measurement of atmospheric ozone and of its band of absorption, 9–10 μ.
31. Commission De L’Heure
Authors: Nørlund M. N. E. 
Published: July 2016

La sixième Assemblée Générale de l’Union Astronomique Internationale adopta, d’après la proposition de la Commission de l’Heure, la résolution suivante:La Commission approuve la proposition britannique transmise par le Comité exécutif de l’U.A.I. d’adopter à partir du 1er janvier 1940 les positions d’étoiles du système FK3 pour les déterminations d’heure et leur utilisation en vue de l’émission des signaux horaires.
2. Solar Abundances of the H, C, N and O Atoms Deduced from Molecular Abundances
Authors: Hunaerts J. 
Published: July 2016

A priori it would seem possible to determine the solar abundances of the H, C, N and O atoms on the basis of the solar abundances of the CN, CH, C2, NH and OH molecules. Such a determination entails two distinct problems:(1)The determination of the molecular abundances with the help of the measured intensities of individual rotational lines.(2)The calculation of atomic abundances on the basis of the equations of dissociation equilibrium.
31. Commission de l’Heure
Authors: Nörlund M. N. E. , Banachiewicz MM. , Bianchi  , Camera  , Castro  , Curry  , Deslandres  , Dyson  , Esclangon  , Gallo  , Lambert A. , Lejay  , Littell  , Mašek  , Moreau  , Ribeiro  , Sampson  , Silva  , Sollenberger  , Sôtome  , Stewart  , Voûte  
Published: July 2016

Sur la proposition du Comité exécutif, l’Assemblée générale du 13 juillet 1928, réunie à Leyde, adopta la résolution suivante: “Le Comité exécutif espère que d’ici à la fin de la présente convention (31 décembre 1931) la direction du Bureau de l’Heure pourra être exercée par le Directeur de l’Observatoire de Paris, et qu’après cette date l’activité actuelle du Bureau pourra être conservée sans faire appel aux fonds limités de l’Union, peut-être avec la coopération d’observatoires et autres institutions.”
Commission 8. (Meridian Astronomy.)
Authors: Dyson Frank , Oort J. H. 
Published: July 2016

In connection with the plans of the Pulkovo Observatory for removing one of their vertical circles to the southern hemisphere the following recommendation was proposed by Dr Morgan and seconded by Prof. Boss: “The Commission regards the proposal of the Pulkovo Observatory to establish the Vertical Circle in as nearly equal a southern latitude as possible with great sympathy. We believe this will be of very great value in the improvement of fundamental decimations.”Dr Lundmark read a report on the programmes for the Lund meridian circle, which programmes include stars of special interest, such as long- and short-period variables, extremely red non-variable stars, B-emission stars, moving clusters, nebulous stars, nuclei of planetary nebulae and of anagalactic objects, etc. The definite programme will contain at least 3000 stars, results for some 400 of which have already been obtained. It is planned to extend the observations to stars in the southern hemisphere as soon as financial conditions will permit the erection of a southern station.
Commission 14. (Wave-Lengths.)
Authors: Babcock H. D. , Meggers W. F. 
Published: July 2016

A provisional list of recommendations based upon the Draft Report prepared by Prof. Fowler served as a guide for discussion and action by the committee. The recommendations, together with a digest of the discussion and the action taken, are reported below as a record of the proceedings of Commission 14.1. It is recommended that two or more observers should investigate the possibility of simplifying the specification for the production of the primary standard by using a source that will give well-defined fringes with retardations greater than 200,000 wave-lengths. No action taken.
6. Commission des Télégrammes Astronomiques
Authors: Strömgren M. E. , Dawson MM. , Jackson J. , Jones Spencer , Shapley  , Wood  
Published: July 2016

From June 4,1932 (date of the last report) up to the present date the Bureau has distributed 452 telegrams and published 153 circulars (Nos. 382-534).Again the Bureau has been supported by a great many colleagues and institutions.As heretofore, the leading principle in our work has been as far as possible to procure provisional data for the continuous observation of new objects. Following this line the telegraphic service has been used when necessary to safeguard new discoveries, while in all cases possible the circulars have been depended on. Thus, as before, in dubious cases we have, to begin with, sent a telegram to a few correspondents only, asking for control. In cases of rediscovery of periodic comets and in other cases, when there was no risk of losing the object, we have distributed the announcement through the circulars.
Commission 8. (Meridian Astronomy.)
Authors: Jackson J. , Hins C. H. 
Published: July 2016

Dr Boss stated that he hoped to publish the first two volumes of the General Catalogue by the middle of the next year and the complete catalogue of four volumes by the end of 1936. A 5th volume containing the introduction will be published later.Dr Jackson reported that Prof. Kopff would postpone the choice of the 3000 fundamental stars for photography till after the publication of Boss’s G.C.Dr Gerasimoviç reported that the fundamental stars of magnitudes 7m.5—8m.5 which have been selected by Dneprovski for observation at Pulkovo and Nikolayev were stars of the M giant type.
Commission 11. (Chromospheric Phenomena.)
Authors: D’Azambuja M. L. , Newton M. H. W. 
Published: July 2016

Le Président évoque la mémoire du Dr C. E. Saint John, décédé peu de temps avant le Congrès et qui, alors qu’il présidait la Commission groupant toutes les recherches de Physique solaire, portait un intérêt très vif aux travaux dont s’occupe maintenant la Commission n.Deux demandes de subventions ont été soumises à la Commission: l’une, de M. le Prof. G. Abetti, pour continuer la publication des Immagini spettroscopiche del bordo solare; l’autre, de M. E. Esclangon, pour poursuivre celle des Cartes synoptiques de la chromosphère établies à Meudon. Les demandes de subventions sont approuvées par la Commission.
19. Rotation of the Earth
Authors: Melchior P. , Smith H. M. , Fedorov E. P. , Markowitz W. , Yumi S. 
Published: July 2016

La commission déplore le décès de Madame Aksentieva, directeur de l’Observatoire de Poltava et du Professeur Demetrescu, ancien directeur de l’Observatoire de Bucarest.L’étude de la rotation de la Terre poursuit plusieurs objectifs scientifiques fondamentaux:(1)Fournir des données d’observations continues d’où l’on pourra tirer un ensemble de paramètres servant de base à l’élaboration des théories sur la constitution interne de la Terre et sur la dynamique du système Terre-Lune.(2)Fournir à tout moment la position d’un trièdre de référence attaché au manteau terrestre par rapport à un trièdre fixé dans l’espace, travail d’une nécessité primordiale pour l’astronomie fondamentale, la géodésie et la navigation spatiale.(3)Permettre de nouvelles recherches sur certaines constantes fondamentales de l’astronomie (nutation, aberration) grâce à la constitution de très longues séries d’observations homogènes.
29c. Groupe de Travail Sur Les Étoiles Be
Authors: Herman R. 
Published: July 2016

A. Peton (Meudon) à partir de spectres à petite dispersion, a évalué une période de 33 ans pour les variations de l’émission de HD4180, une classe B5 IV et des oscillations assez importantes de l’enveloppe absorbante sur 3–4 ans (non publ.).F. R. Hickok (Dunlap) a étudié les structures fines et les vitesses radiales de ɸPer à grande dispersion de telle sorte que les courbes de vitesse sont plus détaillées, mais, la période ne change pas. Probablement binaire. Des difficultés sont soulignées (non publ.).Des variations spectrales et de vitesse radiale ont été observées par M. Hack et P. Stenner (Trieste, dans l’enveloppe de ζTau (publ.) ainsi que par Van der Wel (Utrecht) pour la période 1964-66 (non publ.). A. M. Delplace (Meudon) a mis en évidence une relation très étroite entre les profils Balmer H et la période de 7 ans. L’enveloppe, en moyenne, est en récession (publ.).
33. Structure and Dynamics of the Galactic System
Authors: Contopoulos G. , McCuskey S. W. , Blaauw A. , Bok B. J. , Haradze E. K. , Kerr F. J. , Kuzmin G. G. , Lin C. C. , Schmidt M. 
Published: July 2016

The present report is drastically shorter and, therefore, different in form from previous reports. While galactic research has increased considerably in recent years, the financial situation in the IAU made it necessary to reduce the size of the reports to half their previous size. This obliged us to adopt an almost telegraphic style in our report. However, an extended version of the report, including also the necessary references, will be published by the University of Thessaloniki and distributed to members of Commission 33. Any other interested astronomer may write to ask for a copy.The report has been prepared by G. Contopoulos (Sections I, V, VI) and S. McCuskey (Sections II, III, IV). In our work we have been helped by Drs Kerr (radio astronomy) and Haradze (Russian contributions). Dr Elvius has written the Report of the Committee “Selected Areas”. We could cover the literature up to the fall of 1969, plus work in progress, reported by members of our commission.
44. Astronomical Observations from Outside the Terrestrial Atmosphere
Authors: Wilson R. , Prokof’ev V. K. , Blamont J. E. , de Jager C. , Goldberg L. , Lüst R. , Smith F. G. , Tousey R. 
Published: July 2016

In view of the limitation on length set by the cost of producing the IAU Reports, the present report can only be a selection of the most important advances during the past three years and not a complete review of the field.Attempting to pick out a few points of interest, since the last report improvements have been made in recording solar X-ray spectra and in high spatial resolution imaging; the OSO satellite programme continues to produce valuable data. The eclipse experiments planned for March 1970 will, if successful, provide a considerable amount of new information. The solar iron abundance is still a subject of interest in view of the revision of oscillator strengths used in the photospheric analyses. Further interplanetary observations have shown that the general nature of the solar wind at the Earth does not depend on the phase of the solar activity cycle, and have revealed large increases in the abundance of helium in the solar wind following solar flares.
Commission No. 9: Instruments and Techniques (Instruments et Techniques)
Authors: Humphries C.M. , Davis J. 
Published: July 2016

Given here are reports on the scientific and business meetings held in Baltimore involving Commission 9 only. Reports on the following Joint Commission Meetings co-sponsored by Commission 9 (JCM 3 and JCM 6), and on three additional meetings organised jointly with other Commissions, will be found elsewhere in this Volume or in Highlights of Astronomy (Volume 8):-High Angular Resolution Imaging from the Ground (JCM 3)-Stellar Photometry with Array Detectors (JCM 6)-Problems of IR Extinction and Standardization (with Commission 25)-Future Space Programs (with Commission 44)-Gamma-ray, X-ray, Extreme and Far UV, IR and Radio Astronomy from Space (with Commissions 40 and 44)
Commission 50: Protection and Identification of Existing and Potential Astronomical Observational Sites
Authors: Isobe S. 
Published: July 2016

During the past triennium many efforts have been made by individual members and Commission 50 to keep a good observational environment, along the lines set up by the previous Commission 50 president, P. Murdin. The number of commission members is 65, which is unchanged from the previous period. Since our problems become more severe year by year and are connected directly to the activities of all observational astronomers and indirectly to those of all theoreticians, the commission should have made an effort to increase the number of active members.The book “Adverse Environmental Impact on Astronomy” edited by D. McNally was published by Cambridge University Press in 1994. This book is a direct output of a meeting held by UNESCO, ICSU and IAU at the headquarters of UNESCO in Paris from June 30 to July 2 in 1992, and shows nearly all the problems which we are facing.