bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Igala and Igbo Culture and Communication Systems in Ata Igala Coronation and Ofala Festival, 2013
Authors: Ottah Gabriel Alhassan 
Published: October 2016

The culture and communication systems of the Igala nation of Kogi State and the Igbo nation of Eastern Nigeria were comparatively studied using the coronation of Ata Igala at Idah, Kogi State between 5 and 10 March; and the Ofala Festival at Onitsha, Anambra State between 7 and 13 October, both in 2013. The concern of the study was to among other things identify the aspects of the cultures of the two neigbouring ethnic nationalities that were similar and how the similarities could be better harnessed towards the attainment of cultural unity and national development in Nigeria. I adopted particpant observation as an instrument of ethnographic design of fact finding, hence, my physical presence at both ceremonies. Pictoral description was also adopted to bring home points. It was found that the Igala and Igbo communities had common cultural practices manifesting in names of objects, cultural ideologies, seasonal celebrations and the institution of traditional leadership. It was observed that the existing cultural harmony could be properly harnessed into creating a forum for cultural unity among different groups in Nigeria to foster unity and national development. The paper therefore recommended among others that modern media of mass communication should do more in terms of the promotion of African culture through transmission of Africa-oriented programmes to champion the cause of development on the continent.Key Words: Ata Igala, Obi Onitsha, African culture, African communication systems, coronation, Ofala festival
A polarimetric scattering database for non-spherical ice particles at microwave wavelengths
Authors: Lu Yinghui , Jiang Zhiyuan , Aydin Kultegin , Verlinde Johannes , Clothiaux Eugene E. , Botta Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The atmospheric science community has entered a period in which electromagnetic scattering properties at microwave frequencies of realistically constructed ice particles are necessary for making progress on a number of fronts. One front includes retrieval of ice-particle properties and signatures from ground-based, airborne, and satellite-based radar and radiometer observations. Another front is evaluation of model microphysics by application of forward operators to their outputs and comparison to observations during case study periods. Yet a third front is data assimilation, where again forward operators are applied to databases of ice-particle scattering properties and the results compared to observations, with their differences leading to corrections of the model state. Over the past decade investigators have developed databases of ice-particle scattering properties at microwave frequencies and made them openly available. Motivated by and complementing these earlier efforts, a database containing polarimetric single-scattering properties of various types of ice particles at millimeter to centimeter wavelengths is presented. While the database presented here contains only single-scattering properties of ice particles in a fixed orientation, ice-particle scattering properties are computed for many different directions of the radiation incident on them. These results are useful for understanding the dependence of ice-particle scattering properties on ice-particle orientation with respect to the incident radiation. For ice particles that are small compared to the wavelength, the number of incident directions of the radiation is sufficient to compute reasonable estimates of their (randomly) orientation-averaged scattering properties. This database is complementary to earlier ones in that it contains complete (polarimetric) scattering property information for each ice particle – 44 plates, 30 columns, 405 branched planar crystals, 660 aggregates, and 640 conical graupel – and direction of incident radiation but is limited to four frequencies (X-, Ku-, Ka-, and W-bands), does not include temperature dependencies of the single-scattering properties, and does not include scattering properties averaged over randomly oriented ice particles. Rules for constructing the morphologies of ice particles from one database to the next often differ; consequently, analyses that incorporate all of the different databases will contain the most variability, while illuminating important differences between them. Publication of this database is in support of future analyses of this nature and comes with the hope that doing so helps contribute to the development of a database standard for ice-particle scattering properties, like the NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) CF (Climate and Forecast) or NetCDF CF/Radial metadata conventions.
The Impact of the Financial Sector on Asset Pricing Tests: Evidence from the Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Abeysekera Amal Peter , Pulukkuttige Don Nimal 
Published: October 2016

<p>This paper aims to identify how the inclusion of financial sector affects the ability of asset pricing models to explain the average stock returns in the CSE. Most of the asset pricing researches, the firms in the financial sector are excluded on the basis that their characteristics and the leverage are notably different than firms in other industries. Therefore the objective of this study is to identify the impact of the inclusion of financial sector on the ability of the Carhart four-factor model to explain the average stock returns in the CSE and to compare its performance with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Fama and French three-factor model. The study finds that the four-factor model; incorporating the market premium, size premium, value premium and momentum premium provides a satisfactory explanation of the variation in the cross-section of average stock returns in the CSE, even when the financial sector is included. It is found that the Carhart four-factor model performs better than the CAPM in all scenarios; and that it performs notably better than the Fama and French three-factor model.However, there is no notable difference in the findings either the financial sector is included or not. </p>
“Taalk Half, Lef Half”: Negotiating Transnational Identities through Proverbial Speech in African Guyanese Kweh-Kweh Rituals
Authors: Richards-Greaves Gillian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This essay interrogates the ways that African Guyanese use proverbs in kweh-kweh ritual settings to assert ancestral authority, address taboo subjects, and impart matrimonial advice to soon-to-be-married couples. By examining proverb use in kweh-kweh contexts in Guyana and New York City, I address the complications that result from transnational migration and demonstrate how proverb comprehension and performance affect whether someone is regarded as a “real” (native or “authentic”) Guyanese or a “foreigner.”
A column generation algorithm for the bus driver scheduling problem
Authors: Lin Dung‐Ying , Hsu Ching‐Lan 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBus driver scheduling aims to find the minimum number of bus drivers to cover a published timetable of a bus company. When scheduling bus drivers, contractual working rules must be enforced, thus complicating the problem. In this research, we develop a column generation algorithm that decomposes this complicated problem into a master problem and a series of pricing subproblems. The master problem selects optimal duties from a set of known feasible duties, and the pricing subproblem augments the feasible duty set to improve the solution obtained in the master problem. The proposed algorithm is empirically applied to the realistic problems of several bus companies. The numerical results show that the proposed column generation algorithm can solve real‐world problems and obtain bus driver schedules that are better than those developed and used by the bus companies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computed tomography anomalies associated with isolated hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Sugawara Yu 
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical MessageHypocalcemia due to chronic hypoparathyroidism presents with nonspecific symptoms. However, if untreated, hypocalcemia may affect neurological, cognitive, muscular, and cardiac function. Computed tomography (CT) findings may confirm a diagnosis of chronic hypoparathyroidism. Although autoimmune acquired hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease, early diagnosis and treatment are critical for avoiding severe complications.
Intragenomic conflict produces sex ratio dynamics that favor maternal sex ratio distorters
Authors: Rood Elaine S. , Freedberg Steven 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMaternal sex ratio distorters (MSDs) are selfish elements that enhance their transmission by biasing their host's sex allocation in favor of females. While previous models have predicted that the female‐biased populations resulting from sex ratio distortion can benefit from enhanced productivity, these models neglect Fisherian selection for nuclear suppressors, an unrealistic assumption in most systems. We used individual‐based computer simulation modeling to explore the intragenomic conflict between sex ratio distorters and their suppressors and explored the impacts of these dynamics on population‐level competition between species characterized byMSDs and those lacking them. The conflict between distorters and suppressors was capable of producing large cyclical fluctuations in the population sex ratio and reproductive rate. Despite fitness costs associated with the distorters and suppressors,MSDpopulations often exhibited enhanced productivity and outcompeted non‐MSDpopulations in single and multiple‐population competition simulations. Notably, the conflict itself is beneficial to the success of populations, as sex ratio oscillations limit the competitive deficits associated with prolonged periods of male rarity. Although intragenomic conflict has been historically viewed as deleterious to populations, our results suggest that distorter–suppressor conflict can provide population‐level advantages, potentially helping to explain the persistence of sex ratio distorters in a range of taxa.
Imaging Findings in Elder Abuse: A Role for Radiologists in Detection
Authors: Wong Natalie Z. , Rosen Tony , Sanchez Allen M. , Bloemen Elizabeth M. , Mennitt Kevin W. , Hentel Keith , Nicola Refky , Murphy Kieran J. , LoFaso Veronica M. , Flomenbaum Neal E. , Lachs Mark S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose Emergency department assessment represents a critical but often missed opportunity to identify elder abuse, which is common and has serious consequences. Among emergency care providers, diagnostic radiologists are optimally positioned to raise suspicion for mistreatment when reviewing imaging of geriatric injury victims. However, little literature exists describing relevant injury patterns, and most radiologists currently receive neither formal nor informal training in elder abuse identification. Methods We present 2 cases to begin characterisation of the radiographic findings in elder abuse. Results Findings from these cases demonstrate similarities to suspicious findings in child abuse including high-energy fractures that are inconsistent with reported mechanisms and the coexistence of acute and chronic injuries. Specific injuries uncommon to accidental injury are also noted, including a distal ulnar diaphyseal fracture. Conclusions We hope to raise awareness of elder abuse among diagnostic radiologists to encourage future large-scale research, increased focus on chronic osseous findings, and the addition of elder abuse to differential diagnoses.
Toward a More Evidence-Based Nosology and Nomenclature for Female Sexual Dysfunctions—Part I
Authors: Derogatis Leonard R. , Sand Michael , Balon Richard , Rosen Raymond , Parish Sharon J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionA nomenclature is defined as a classification system for assigning names or terms in a scientific discipline. A nosology more specifically provides a scientific classification system for diseases or disorders. Historically, the nosologic system informing female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been the system developed by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III through DSM-5). Experts have recognized limitations of its use in clinical practice, including concerns that the DSM-5 system does not adequately reflect the spectrum and presentation of FSD.AimTo review the central considerations and issues that underlie the development of a new evidence-based nomenclature that reliably and validly defines the categories of FSD and will effectively function in clinical and research settings, serve as a basis for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, and provide regulatory guidance for interventions designed as FSD treatments.MethodsThe International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health conducted a 2-day conference on nomenclature for FSD in December 2013. Key opinion leaders representing diverse areas of expertise discussed ideal characteristics, existing DSM definitions, and current and future ICD coding to develop consensus for this new nomenclature.Main Outcome MeasureA comprehensive appreciation of the parameters and characteristics essential to a new FSD nomenclature and terminology that will serve as the principal nosology for the description and diagnosis of FSD.ResultsA critical appraisal of the essential elements of a classification system for diagnosing FSD was accomplished. The applicability of DSM-5 FSD definitions was challenged; and the considerations for developing a new nomenclature were discussed, including comorbidities, clinical thresholds, alternative etiologies, and validity.ConclusionThe essential elements for developing a valid, reliable, credible, and clinically applicable nosology for FSD were enumerated as a preamble to constructing the actual nosologic system (Part II).
Osificación heterotópica en codo: resultados tras tratamiento quirúrgico
Authors: Fierro D. , Miralles C. 
Published: October 2016

Introducción y objetivos: Se entiende osificación heterotópica (OH) como la formación ectópica de hueso maduro en los tejidos blandos adyacentes a zonas previamente lesionadas. La OH es una de las causas de rigidez articular del codo postraumática, con una prevalencia que oscila según series entre el 3 y el 45%. En su patogénesis se postula la diferenciación de células mesenquimales pluripotenciales en osteoblastos, siendo estos los causantes de la formación de hueso ectópico; sin embargo, se desconocen las causas que provocan esta reacción. Recientemente, diversos estudios de series de casos retrospectivos mediante análisis uni y multivariante han intentado encontrar factores de riesgo (FR) y parámetros predictores de la formación de OH, así como de su repercusión clínica.Material y métodos: Presentamos un análisis retrospectivo de los casos de OH en codo tratados quirúrgicamente en nuestro centro entre los años 2005 y 2015. Se recogieron variables demográficas, antecedentes personales, evento traumático inicial, clínica, tiempo desde el traumatismo hasta el diagnóstico de la OH, tiempo desde el diagnóstico de OH hasta la cirugía escisional, seguimiento, recurrencia, y grados de movilidad en precirugía escisional y al final del seguimiento. Con ello pretendemos mostrar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de esta patología.Resultados: Obtuvimos 4 casos con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 40 meses. En 2 casos el evento traumático fue la luxación de codo, y en los otros 2, la ruptura del tendón del bíceps en su inserció n distal. Tres de ellos debutaron clínicamente con limitación en la movilidad articular, y uno con déficit motor a nivel radial. Todos los casos fueron varones con una edad media de 48 años. El tiempo medio transcurrido desde el evento traumático hasta el diagnóstico de OH fue de 4 meses, realizándose el tratamiento quirúrgico escisional tras el diagnóstico igualmente a los 4 meses aproximadamente como media. Tres de los 4 casos recidivaron, apareciendo nuevas calcificaciones con repercusión clínica y funcional.Conclusión: Nuestros resultados convergen con los de la literatura en cuanto a FR y resultados funcionales; sin embargo, llama la atención el alto índice de recidiva en nuestra serie, con una tasa del 75% frente al 10-24% descrito en la literatura.
Análisis de un examen clínico objetivo estructurado en odontología desde la teoría de la generalizabilidad
Authors: Espinosa-Vázquez Olivia , Martínez-González Adrián , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor , Leenen Iwin 
Published: October 2016

Introducción: Diversos estudios han analizado al examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) en Odontología para acumular evidencia de validez al utilizarlo como una herramienta de evaluación de la competencia clínica en los estudiantes. En este estudio introdujimos un ECOE diseñado en Odontología y se discuten los resultados del análisis desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la generalizabilidad, utilizando datos obtenidos de una aplicación del examen.
Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal en la Facultad de Odontología de la UNAM. Participaron 120 estudiantes en un ECOE diseñado ex profeso en un circuito de 18 estaciones con duración de 6 min cada una, en el contexto de un curso de Odontopediatría del cuarto año de la licenciatura en Cirujano Dentista. Un análisis basado en la teoría de la generalizabilidad, con evaluadores y estaciones considerados como facetas, identificó las principales fuentes de variabilidad en los datos.
Resultados: La media (y desviación estándar) global de las calificaciones en el examen corresponde a 44% (7%), con las medias por estación variando entre el 23 y el 66%. El estudio de generalizabilidad mostró que la faceta correspondiente a los evaluadores explicó una parte significativa (13%) de la variación en los resultados por estación, más que la competencia clínica de los sustentantes (6%). En el estudio de decisión se encontró un coeficiente de generalizabilidad relativo de 0.63 y absoluto de 0.55.
Conclusiones: A la luz de los coeficientes de generalizabilidad relativamente bajos en el estudio de decisión, es importante analizar más allá el desarrollo del ECOE-O para minimizar el efecto de las fuentes que introducen varianza irrelevante al constructo en los resultados especialmente, se requiere revisar y ajustar las estaciones, así como calibrar mejor a los profesores para homogeneizar los criterios de evaluación.
Hobbes and the Artifice of Eternity
Authors: McClure Christopher Scott 
Published: October 2016

Thomas Hobbes argues that the fear of violent death is the most reliable passion on which to found political society. His role in shaping the contemporary view of religion and honor in the West is pivotal, yet his ideas are famously riddled with contradictions. In this breakthrough study, McClure finds evidence that Hobbes&apos; apparent inconsistencies are intentional, part of a sophisticated rhetorical strategy meant to make man more afraid of death than he naturally is. Hobbes subtly undermined two of the most powerful manifestations of man&apos;s desire for immortality: the religious belief in an afterlife and the secular desire for eternal fame through honor. McClure argues that Hobbes purposefully stirred up controversy, provoking his adversaries into attacking him and unwittingly spreading his message. This study will appeal to scholars of Hobbes, political theorists, historians of early modern political thought and anyone interested in the genesis of modern Western attitudes toward mortality.
Failure of Risk-Adjustment by Test Method for C. difficile Laboratory-Identified Event Reporting
Authors: Marra Alexandre R. , Edmond Michael B. , Ford Bradley A. , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Algwizani Abdullah R. , Diekema Daniel J. 
Published: October 2016

Using an algorithm including both enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis, we found that the use of NAAT versus EIA almost doubled our hospital-onset CDI laboratory-identified (LabID) event standardized infection ratio (SIR). We recommend that the current risk adjustment approach be modified.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016:1–3
What Are the Circumstances of Falls and Fractures in Long-Term Care?
Authors: McArthur Caitlin , Gonzalez David A. , Roy Eric , Giangregorio Lora 
Published: October 2016

RÉSUMÉCette étude prospective d’observation rend compte des circonstances qui ont conduit à des chutes des résidents dans des établissements de soins de longue durée (SLD) et les caractéristiques des résidents qui ont subi des fractures suite à une chute. Le personnel a enregistré l’emplacement de la chute, le moment de la journée, l’activité dans laquelle un participant a été engagé avant l’incident et si une blessure a été soutenue. Les statistiques descriptives ont été utilisées pour décrire les chutes, et un modèle linéaire généralisé a été utilisé pour déterminer les différences entre les circonstances. Parmi les 101 résidents SLD qui ont participé, 41 pour cent ont eu au moins une chute. Les résidents étaient beaucoup plus susceptibles d’être tombés dans la chambre et tout en marchant. Parmi les 17 chutes entraînant des fractures, la plupart se sont produites dans la chambre à coucher et la salle de bains, tôt le matin; la plupart des résidents qui ont subi des fractures étaient des femmes ayant une déficience cognitive. Pour surveiller les chutes globalement, la surveillance ambulatoire, qui évite les problèmes de confidentialité dans les chambres à coucher ou les salles de bains, peuvent être nécessaires. Les interventions devraient cibler la marche à pied ou l’organisation de la chambre.
Temporal variability of ground thermal regimes on the northern buttress of the Vesleskarvet nunatak, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Kotzé Camilla , Meiklejohn Ian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe ground temperature down to 60 cm depth in western Dronning Maud Land (WDML), has been recorded since 2009. The study area is situated in a blockfield that comprises a shallow active layer above permafrost. Using ground thermal regimes and regional climate data, the temporal (seasonal and annual) variability of the active layer was characterized. Active layer depth was calculated for each site for five consecutive summers from 2009/10–2013/14, showing interannual variability with no overall trends of decreasing or increasing active layer depth. Particular attention was paid to 2010 as it matched the average for the ground thermal regimes over the six year study period, as well as the interpolation period used by Meteonorm®. Analysis showed significant synchronous relationships of ground thermal regimes with air temperature and incoming radiation. Moreover, a correlation between pressure and measured ground temperature during the transitional season of the Southern Annual Oscillation in May and September was identified.