bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on gastric cancer prevention in healthy asymptomatic populations
Authors: Bae Suh Eun , Choi Kee Don , Choe Jaewon , Kim Seon Ok , Na Hee Kyong , Choi Ji Young , Ahn Ji Yong , Jung Kee Wook , Lee JeongHoon , Kim Do Hoon , Chang Hye‐Sook , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many epidemiologic studies have evaluated the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric cancer, the effect is still uncertain in general populations. We evaluated whether H. pylori eradication would affect the incidence of gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic populations.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in 38 984 asymptomatic individuals, who underwent health screening examinations more than twice between 2005 and 2016. We investigated the incidence of gastric cancer among 3 groups: those without H. pylori infection (Hp‐negative group), those with H. pylori eradication (eradication group), and those without H. pylori eradication (non‐eradication group).ResultsThe cumulative incidence of gastric cancer was 54.5 cases per 100 000 person‐years during a median of 6.4 years. In a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model, the cumulative incidence of gastric cancer in the non‐eradication group was significantly higher than those in the Hp‐negative (hazard ratio [HR] 4.12, P < .001) and eradication groups (HR 2.73, P = .001). However, the cumulative incidence of gastric cancer was not significantly different between the eradication and Hp‐negative groups. Other risk factors for gastric cancer occurrence were age, smoking, family history of gastric cancer, and gastric atrophy. The standardized incidence ratios of the age groups above 40 and below 70 in the eradication group were all significantly decreased.ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori eradication reduced the cumulative incidence of gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic population, and the effect of H. pylori eradication on the prevention of gastric cancer was observed in all ages.
Impact of cone beam computed tomography on periapical assessment and treatment planning five to eleven years after surgical endodontic retreatment
Authors: Kruse C. , Spin‐Neto R. , Wenzel A. , Væth M. , Kirkevang L.‐L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate how additional information from Cone Beam CT (CBCT) impacts on periapical assessment and treatment planning based on clinical examination and periapical radiographs (PR) in cases followed up five to eleven years after surgical endodontic retreatment (SER).MethodologyPatients receiving SER during 2004–2010 were reinvited for follow‐up examination including clinical examination, PR, and CBCT. In total, 108 patients (119 teeth) were reinvited, 74 patients (83 teeth) accepted to participate. Three observers initially assessed PR according to the four‐scaled, increasing disease severity criteria by Rud et al. (International Journal of Oral Surgery, 1, 1972 and 195) and Molven et al. (International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 16, and 432): ‘Radiographic assessment A’. By including clinical information ‘Treatment plan A’ was made as follows: 1) no treatment, 2) further observation, 3) SER reoperation (SER‐R), or 4) extraction. Hereafter, the CBCT volume was assessed and the information incorporated for ‘Radiographic assessment B’ followed by ‘Treatment plan B’. Agreement between radiographic assessments and between treatment plans was recorded and assessed statistically by Stuart–Maxwell test for marginal homogeneity.ResultsNine teeth had been extracted; thus, the final analysis included 74 teeth (66 patients). The radiographic assessment was changed as a result of the CBCT evaluation in 38 cases (51.4%), of which 35 (47.3%) were to a higher Rud & Molven score, P < 0.001. The treatment plan was changed for 18 teeth (24.3%). For 14 teeth (18.9%), the change was from no treatment or further observation to a more invasive treatment plan (SER‐R or extraction), P = 0.005.ConclusionThe use of CBCT for long‐term follow‐up after SER led to more cases diagnosed with persisting or recurrent apical periodontitis and hence often to the recommendation of a more invasive treatment modality.
Current knowledge of risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Fukawa Tomoya , Kanayama Hiro‐omi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of the human gonads is tightly regulated by the correct sequential expression of many genes and hormonal activity. Disturbance of this regulation does not only prevent proper development of the gonads, but it also contributes to the development of testicular germ cell tumors. Recent genetic studies, especially genome‐wide association studies, have made great progress in understanding genetic susceptibility. Although there is strong evidence of inherited risks, many environmental factors also contribute to the development of testicular germ cell tumors. Histopathological studies have shown that most testicular germ cell tumors arise from germ cell neoplasia in situ, which is thought to be arrested and transformed primordial germ cells. Seminoma has features identical to germ cell neoplasia in situ or primordial germ cells, whereas non‐seminoma shows varied differentiation. Seminomas and embryonic cell carcinomas have the feature of pluripotency, which is thought to be the cause of histological heterogeneity and mixed pathology in testicular germ cell tumors. Testicular germ cell tumors show high sensitivity to chemotherapies, but 20–30% of patients show resistance to standard chemotherapy. In the present review, the current knowledge of the epidemiological and genomic factors for the development of testicular germ cell tumors is reviewed, and the mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapies are briefly mentioned.
Music reduces state anxiety scores in patients undergoing pleural procedures: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mackintosh John , Cone Grace , Harland Kate , Sriram Krishna B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient anxiety is an often overlooked complication of pleural diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Listening to music is effective in reducing patient anxiety in some endoscopy procedures but has not yet been evaluated in pleural procedures.AimTo evaluate the benefits of music therapy during pleural procedures on a patient's anxiety, perceived pain and satisfaction with the procedure.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing therapeutic pleural procedures were randomised to music and control groups. Participants in the music group listened to self‐selected music using ear‐bud headphones for the duration of the procedure. State anxiety was assessed before and after the procedure using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Physiological parameters were also measured.ResultsSixty patients were included in the study. In the music group, a reduction in state anxiety scores were observed post‐procedure (34 ± 11 vs 48 ± 13, P < 0.001), while no change was observed in the control group (40 ± 11 vs 42 ± 11, P = 0.51). Participants in the music group had reductions in heart rate (87 ± 17 vs 95 ± 15, P = 0.04), systolic (121 ± 13 vs 130 ± 16, P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (72 ± 8 vs 78 ± 9, P = 0.01) post procedure compared to the pre‐procedures values. A similar change was not detected in the control group: heart rate (86 ± 17 vs 85 ± 15, P = 0.73), systolic (133 ± 21 vs 134 ± 20, P = 0.83) and diastolic blood pressure (77 ± 9 vs 79 ± 10, P = 0.30). There was no difference in patient pain scores (P = 0.8), willingness to undergo the procedure again (P= 0.27), satisfaction with the performance of the pleural procedure (P = 0.20) and duration of the procedure (P = 0.68) between the music and control groups.ConclusionsListening to music appears to be beneficial in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing pleural procedures.
Hepatitis B screening before rituximab therapy: a multicentre South Australian study of adherence
Authors: Hall Samuel A. L. , Shaikh Abdul , Teh Kailin , Tantiongco Mahsa , Coghlan Douglas , Karapetis Chris S. , Chinnaratha Mohammad A. , Woodman Richard , Muller Kate R. , Wigg Alan J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundInternational guidelines recommend screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prior to administration of rituximab, due to high risk of HBV reactivation in at‐risk patients.AimsTo determine: (i) adherence to the South Australian (SA) protocol for HBV screening; (ii) HBV prevalence in patients receiving rituximab; and (iii) outcomes of patients at risk of HBV reactivation.MethodsAll patients commenced on rituximab at the six major SA public hospitals during a 12‐month period were included in the study. Adherence was assessed by documentation of both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) prior to initiation of rituximab. Patients were observed for a minimum of 6 months following rituximab initiation.ResultsFour hundred and thirty eight patients were included in the study. The main indication for rituximab therapy was haematological malignancy (76.0%). Two hundred and nine (47.7%) failed to receive appropriate HBV screening, 86 (19.6%) had neither HBsAg nor HBcAb performed, and 119 (27.2%) had only HBsAg performed. The identified prevalence of at‐risk cases (either HBsAg‐ or HBcAb‐positive) within the study population was 4.6% (20/438 cases). One case of HBV reactivation was identified, but none led to acute liver failure, transplantation or death.ConclusionsPoor adherence to HBV screening protocols suggests the need for targeted clinician education and system redesign. While the rate of reactivation was low, the prevalence of at‐risk patients in this population was high and justifies further initiatives to increase adherence rates to HBV screening pre‐rituximab.
Improving accuracy of genomic prediction in Brangus cattle by adding animals with imputed low‐density SNP genotypes
Authors: Lopes F.B. , Wu X.‐L. , Li H. , Xu J. , Perkins T. , Genho J. , Ferretti R. , Tait R.G. , Bauck S. , Rosa G.J.M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryReliable genomic prediction of breeding values for quantitative traits requires the availability of sufficient number of animals with genotypes and phenotypes in the training set. As of 31 October 2016, there were 3,797 Brangus animals with genotypes and phenotypes. These Brangus animals were genotyped using different commercial SNP chips. Of them, the largest group consisted of 1,535 animals genotyped by the GGP‐LDV4 SNP chip. The remaining 2,262 genotypes were imputed to the SNP content of the GGP‐LDV4 chip, so that the number of animals available for training the genomic prediction models was more than doubled. The present study showed that the pooling of animals with both original or imputed 40K SNP genotypes substantially increased genomic prediction accuracies on the ten traits. By supplementing imputed genotypes, the relative gains in genomic prediction accuracies on estimated breeding values (EBV) were from 12.60% to 31.27%, and the relative gain in genomic prediction accuracies on de‐regressed EBV was slightly small (i.e. 0.87%–18.75%). The present study also compared the performance of five genomic prediction models and two cross‐validation methods. The five genomic models predicted EBV and de‐regressed EBV of the ten traits similarly well. Of the two cross‐validation methods, leave‐one‐out cross‐validation maximized the number of animals at the stage of training for genomic prediction. Genomic prediction accuracy (GPA) on the ten quantitative traits was validated in 1,106 newly genotyped Brangus animals based on the SNP effects estimated in the previous set of 3,797 Brangus animals, and they were slightly lower than GPA in the original data. The present study was the first to leverage currently available genotype and phenotype resources in order to harness genomic prediction in Brangus beef cattle.
Genetic monitoring of horses in the Czech Republic: A large‐scale study with a focus on the Czech autochthonous breeds
Authors: Putnová L. , Štohl R. , Vrtková I. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe propose the first comprehensive in‐depth study monitoring horses in the Czech Republic. We scanned 9,289 animals from 44 populations for 17 equine STRs. Other equids analysed involved Equus przewalskii and Equus asinus. The total of 228 different alleles were detected, with the mean number of 13.4 per locus. The highest allelic richness (AR) was found in the Welsh Part Bred (6.01), followed by the Camargue (5.93) and Czech Sport Pony (5.91), whereas the Friesian exhibited the lowest AR (3.06). Interpopulation differences explained approximately nine per cent of the total genetic diversity. Reynold's genetic distance ranged from 0.003 between the Czech Warmblood and the Slovak Warmblood to 0.404 between the Friesian and donkeys. Close genetic proximity between the Silesian Noriker and Noriker was revealed. The Moravian Warmblood was better differentiated and more distant from the Czech Warmblood than the Kinsky Horse and retained the original genes of the old Austro‐Hungarian tribes. A high gene flow level and a lack of genetic structure were found in the seven studied populations. Despite the historical bottlenecks and previous inbreeding, the Czech‐Moravian Belgian Horse, Hucul, Old Kladruber Horse and Silesian Noriker did not suffer a serious loss of genetic diversity due to genetic drift/low effective population size. A NeighborNet dendrogram revealed breeds not classified in their groups according to the nomenclature (the Friesian, Hafling and Merens).
Why does freshwater fish species richness differ between Pacific and Atlantic drainages of the Americas?
Authors: Griffiths David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo identify the contributions of geomorphological and hydrological/climatic factors to differences in total and endemic freshwater fish species richness between Atlantic and Pacific drainages.LocationGlaciated and unglaciated catchments draining to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in North (NA) and South America (SA).TaxonFish.MethodsA database of native freshwater fish species richnesses in drainage basins was compiled from published information, and the contributions of temperature, rainfall, catchment area, river length, channel gradient, discharge and geographic location in accounting for variation in total and endemic species richness were assessed using boosted regression trees.ResultsAtlantic drainages have larger catchments, with longer rivers, lower channel gradients, greater discharges and lower flow variability than Pacific ones of the same size. Unglaciated Atlantic drainages in bothNAandSAhave more species than Pacific drainages, but glaciated PacificNAhad significantly more species than the other Pacific areas. Geographic location had the greatest influence on total richness, but catchment area, river length and temperature were more important for endemic species. Pacific drainages had proportionally more endemics than Atlantic drainages.Main conclusionsTectonically driven topographic change, by altering relief, affects catchment size, slopes and connectivity, with the latter also affected by climatic changes in ice cover and aridity. These geomorphic and long‐term climatic changes, by influencing speciation, extinction and dispersal, govern freshwater fish species richness in Atlantic and Pacific catchments.
Biogeography and diversification of Rhegmatorhina (Aves: Thamnophilidae): Implications for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes during the Quaternary
Authors: Ribas Camila C. , Aleixo Alexandre , Gubili Chrysoula , d'Horta Fernando M. , Brumfield Robb T. , Cracraft Joel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo test the importance of alternative diversification drivers and biogeographical processes for the evolution of Amazonian upland forest birds through a densely sampled analysis of diversification of the endemic Amazonian genus Rhegmatorhina at multiple taxonomic and temporal scales.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAntbirds (Thamnophilidae).MethodsWe sequenced four mtDNA and nuclear gene regions of 120 individuals from 50 localities representing all recognized species and subspecies of the genus. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using both gene tree and species tree methods, molecular dating analysis and estimated population demographic history and gene flow.ResultsDense sampling throughout the distribution of Rhegmatorhina revealed that the main Amazonian rivers delimit the geographic distribution of taxa as inferred from mtDNA lineages. Molecular phylogenetic analyses resulted in a strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, with two main clades currently separated by the Madeira River. Molecular dating analysis indicated diversification during the Quaternary. Reconstruction of recent demographic history of populations revealed a trend for population expansion in eastern Amazonia and stability in the west. Estimates of gene flow corroborate the possibility that migration after divergence had some influence on the current patterns of diversity.Main ConclusionsBased on broad‐scale sampling, a clarification of taxonomic boundaries, and strongly supported phylogenetic relationships, we confirm that, first, mitochondrial lineages within this upland forest Amazonian bird genus agree with spatial patterns known for decades based on phenotypes, and second, that most lineages are geographically delimited by the large Amazonian rivers. The association between past demographic changes related to palaeoclimatic cycles and the historically varying strength and size of rivers as barriers to dispersal may be the path to the answer to the long‐standing question of identifying the main drivers of Amazonian diversification.
Areas of endemism persist through time: A palaeoclimatic analysis in the Mexican Transition Zone
Authors: Pinilla‐Buitrago Gonzalo E. , Escalante Tania , Gutiérrez‐Velázquez Ana , Reyes‐Castillo Pedro , Rojas‐Soto Octavio R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ) is an area where the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions overlap, generating high species richness and endemism. The objective of this study was to analyse if potential changes in the composition and the geographical location of areas of endemism (AEs) for beetles and mammals during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the mid‐Holocene (MH) or the Last Interglacial (LIG) have influenced the definition of the MTZ in the present.LocationMexico and Central America.MethodsEcological niche models (ENM) were generated describing the current distribution of 218 species associated with the MTZ and then transferred to three periods into the past. A parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was run to identify current AEs. The transferred models of each set of species that form the current AEs were used to assess if the geographical ranges of the species’ ecological niches changed over time, or whether they remained stable supporting the validation of the AEs during three past recent periods (LGM, MH and LIG).ResultsTwo current AEs were detected that persisted geographically during the three past periods (LGM, MH and LIG).Main conclusionsThe results show that some AEs change through time as a response of climate, whereas others remained stable. Thus, the MTZ could be considered as a dynamic zone at least over the last 130,000 years. The climate analysis of the AEs allows them to be recognized either as true spatio‐temporal units, or as temporarily restricted patterns of co‐distribution resulting from changes in climate over time.
Durable lesion formation while avoiding esophageal injury during ablation of atrial fibrillation: Lessons learned from late gadolinium MR imaging
Authors: Chelu Mihail G. , Morris Alan K. , Kholmovski Eugene G. , King Jordan B. , Kaur Gagandeep , Silver Michelle A. , Cates Joshua E. , Han Frederick T. , Marrouche Nassir F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionAdequate catheter/atrial tissue contact is critical for lesion formation during radiofrequency (RF) ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI) is a unique tool for the evaluation of lesion formation and detection of acute esophageal injury.MethodsLGE‐MRIs were obtained prior, within 24 hours of, and at 115 ± 62 days after first AF ablation in 36 patients. The Visitag module of CARTO3 was used to collect contact force (CF) and duration from a CF sensing ablation catheter for each registered ablation point. The minimum CF resulting in permanent lesions was determined. Esophageal enhancement detected by acute LGE‐MRI was classified as mild, moderate, and severe. The CF resulting in esophageal enhancement was determined.ResultsA total of 4,642 registered ablation tags at 50 W power were analyzed. The mean RF duration (5.9 ± 3.7 vs. 5.6 ± 3.2 seconds, P < 0.05), CF (11.5 ± 5.6 vs. 10.9 ± 5.4 g, P < 0.001), and force time integral (FTI) (67.3 ± 54.5 vs. 62.2 ± 52.7 gs, P < 0.01) were significantly higher between ablation tags with and without associated LGE‐MRI detected scar. The mean CF (15.7 ± 6.1 vs. 12.6 ± 5.9 g, P < 0.05, n = 17 patients) in areas of esophageal enhancement was greater than areas without.ConclusionLeft atrial short duration ablation lesions with a CF greater than 12 g are more likely to be associated with permanent lesion formation. Ablating on top of the esophagus, CF less than 15 g would help minimize esophageal wall injury.
Overweight and obesity in patients with atrial fibrillation: Sex differences in 1‐year outcomes in the EORP‐AF General Pilot Registry
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Laroche Cécile , Diemberger Igor , Fantecchi Elisa , Meeder Joan , Kurpesa Malgorzata , Baluta Monica Mariana , Proietti Marco , Tavazzi Luigi , Maggioni Aldo P. , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   on behalf of the EORP‐AF General Pilot Registry Investigators
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of overweight and obesity on outcomes in “real world” patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is not fully defined. Second, sex differences in AF outcomes may also exist.Methods and resultsThe aim was to investigate outcomes at 1 year follow‐up for AF patients enrolled in the EORP‐AF Registry, according to BMI (kg/m2), comparing patients with normal BMI (18.5 to < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to < 30 kg/m2) and obesity (≥ 30 kg/m2), in relation to sex differences. Among 2,540 EORP AF patients (38.9% female; median age 69) with 1 year follow‐up data available, 720 (28.3%) had a normal BMI, 1,084 (42.7%) were overweight, and 736 (29.0%) were obese. Obese patients were younger and with more prevalent diabetes mellitus and hypertension (P < 0. 001). One‐year outcomes showed that all‐cause mortality was significantly different according to BMI among female patients (9.3% normal BMI, 5.3% overweight, and 4.3 % obese, P = 0.023), but not among male patients (P = 0.748). The composite outcome of thromboembolic events and death was also significantly different, being lower in obese females (P = 0.035). Among male patients, bleeding events were significantly more frequent in obese subjects (P = 0.035). On multivariable Cox analysis, BMI was not independently associated with all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsAmong AF patients, overweight and obesity are common and associated with better outcomes in females (a finding previously reported as “obesity paradox”), while no significant differences in outcomes are detected among male patients. Final multivariable model found that increasing BMI was not associated with increased risk of all‐cause death; conversely, age and comorbidities persisted as major determinants.