bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interview with Cécile Oumhani: The Arab Spring
Authors: González Alarcón Isabel Esther 
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Las revoluciones en el mundo árabe de 2010 y 2011, denominadas por distintos medios como la Primavera árabe componen una serie de alzamientos populares en los países del norte de África. Son unas revueltas sin precedentes ya que si bien ha habido con anterioridad numerosos movimientos de protesta éstos se habían caracterizado por nacer de golpes de Estado militares que daban paso a gobiernos autoritarios con o sin apoyo popular. Sin embargo las sublevaciones populares de ahora han salido a la calle a pedir una instauración de la democracia así como una mejora de las condiciones de vida. La escritora Cécile Oumhani, desde la retaguardia, lucha y da voz a aquellos que no pueden expresarse. En estos momentos se halla en pleno combate por la liberación del pueblo árabe y hemos de agradecerle enormemente que nos haya dedicado su tiempo y estas palabras. Abstract: The revolutions in the Arab world from 2010 and 2011 known by varying media as the “Arab Spring” was made up of a series of popular uprisings in countries in North Africa. They are unprecedented revolts. Before, there had been numerous protests, these were characterized because they arose from military coups which were followed by the establishment of authoritarian governments, with or without popular support. However the popular uprisings happening now have come out onto the street to demand the establishment of democracy as well as a improvement in living conditions. The writer Cécile Oumhani, has always fought and spoken for those who could not express themselves. She has been there, at those moments, right in the middle of combat, for the liberation of the Arab people and we are very grateful to her for dedicating her time and thoughts.
Novedades en la residencia temporal, el arraigo y otras circunstancias excepcionales para residir legalmente en España tras las reformas en la Ley y el Reglamento de Extranjería
Authors: Trinidad García María Luisa , Martín Martín Jaime 
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza el nuevo marco jurídico derivado de las últimas reformas de la Ley y el Reglamento de Extranjería en materia de residencia temporal no lucrativa, y los principales supuestos de residencia por circunstancias excepcionales, dejando al margen -por su especificidad- el arraigo de las mujeres extranjeras víctimas de violencia de género del art. 31 bis de la Ley. El legislador mejora la sistemática, precisa los requisitos, en especial, los medios económicos y apela a la situación nacional de empleo como posible razón para limitar el arraigo social; criterios económicos que flexibiliza la jurisprudencia tanto legalmente en los casos de arraigo del art. 31.3 de la Ley Orgánica 2/2009, de 11 de diciembre (en adelante LOEx), como en su desarrollo reglamentario (RD 557/2011 de 20 de abril, en adelante RELOEx). Abstract: This paper examine the new legal framework derived from recent reforms on the Spanish Immigration Act and Regulation regarding nonprofit temporary residence and main examples of residence under exceptional circumstances (leaving aside –because its specificity- the case of foreign women victims of gender violence in art. 31 bis of the Act). The legislator improves the systematic, precise the requirements, especially those relating to economic measures, and appeals to the national employment situation as a possible reason for limiting the social roots. Not forgetting that case law has established the view that it should not constrain the scope of recognition of the regularization situations referred in art. 31.3 of the Organic Act 2/2009 of 11 December (hereinafter LOEX), and the examples developed by Regulation (hereinafter RELOEX) and adopting a flexible view for consideration of economic resources
El impacto de la crisis económica sobre la movilidad internacional de los residentes extranjeros en la provincia de Alicante
Authors: Mantecón Alejandro , Huete Raquel , Estévez Jesús 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: En este estudio se investigan los efectos de la crisis económica en los flujos migratorios internacionales. Específicamente, se realiza un análisis comparado sobre los comportamientos en la movilidad residencial de los principales grupos de residentes a partir de las Estadísticas de Variaciones Residenciales (EVR) de 2005 a 2010 en Alicante.Método: Se analizan los microdatos de las EVR para comparar las entradas y salidas de inmigrantes procedentes de los países que aglutinan a las personas que se trasladan orientadas por motivos más cercanos a la esfera del ocio que a la del trabajo, con el grupo de nacionalidades que concentra a la mayoría de los inmigrantes laborales que llegaron atraídos por las ofertas de empleo generadas con la expansión del sector inmobiliario.Resultados: Entre los años 2007 y 2009 se redujeron mucho las variaciones residenciales de entrada en la provincia Alicante desde el extranjero, mientras que se incrementaron las variaciones relacionadas con las salidas. Aunque existen diferencias en el balance de entradas y salidas según la zona de la provincia, la nacionalidad y la edad de los migrantes, la crisis parece asociarse con una tendencia a la reducción del número de residentes extranjeros en general.Discusión o Conclusión: Se concluye que la crisis no sólo ha generado un éxodo de los ciudadanos con menos recursos económicos, también ha provocado la salida masiva de aquellos otros inmigrantes cuya presencia en España se asocia con el consumo. Introduction: The economic crisis effects on the international migration flows are examined in this study. Specifically we carry out a comparative analysis of the residential mobility patterns of the main groups of residents from the Residential Variation Statistics since 2005 to 2010 in Alicante.Method: We compare the cluster of immigrants from countries where people move for leisure-oriented reasons and the group of nationalities that concentrates most labour migrants, attracted by the jobs that the expansion of the real state sector generated.Results: Between 2007 and 2009, there was a large reduction in the entry of foreigners to Alicante province. At the same time, our analysis shows that more foreigners left the province. Although there are differences in the balance of entries and departures by region, nationality and age of migrants, the economic crisis appears to be associated with a clear negative generalized balance affecting all profiles of foreigners.Discussion or Conclusion: We conclude that the crisis has not only led to an exodus of citizens with less economic resources, it has also caused the mass departure of those other immigrants whose presence in Spain is associated with consumption.
Microstructure of spherical particles generated in high-speed machining of an alloy steel
Authors: Su Guosheng , Guan Yanjin , Liu Zhanqiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCrystal-packed, honeycomb-like, and partially developed spherical particles constituted of small crystals have been found in chips yielded in high-speed machining of alloy steel AerMet100. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy examination of the chips were carried out to investigate the formation mechanism of the spherical particles. Results show that, depending on chip size and shape, chip melting completeness changes greatly, and the solidification process of the melted chips and the final microstructure of the spherical particles are controlled by heat dissipation rate.
Évaluation locale d’un problème global : la représentation sociale du changement climatique en France et au Groenland
Authors: Michel-Guillou Élisabeth , Richard Isabelle , Weiss Karine 
Published: May 2017

L’existence d’un changement du climat fait consensus au sein de la communauté scientifique. Elle implique à la fois une gestion politique internationale et une prise de conscience à tous les niveaux sociaux et institutionnels. Malgré l’importance de cette thématique, le niveau de connaissance et de compréhension du phénomène reste partiel et très inégal selon les contextes géoclimatiques et socioculturels. Cette étude s’intéresse à des populations contrastées afin de recueillir leurs connaissances et représentations du changement climatique : en France et au Groenland, des agriculteurs et gestionnaires de l’eau ont été interrogés à l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs. Pour l’ensemble des enquêtés, il ressort que le changement climatique et ses conséquences sont perçus (réchauffement, sécheresses, etc.). À l’évidence, des différences apparaissent dans la perception des modifications climatiques locales selon les contextes géoclimatiques. Mais globalement, pour les interviewés, la gestion du phénomène reste problématique et, notamment, en termes de projection dans l’avenir.
Le motif cartésien dans la phénoménologie polonaise (1895-2015) : Transformations, polémiques, perspectives
Authors: Płotka Witold , Adamski Dariusz 
Published: May 2017

L’article constitue un essai de caractéristique du motif cartésien dans la phénoménologie polonaise, dès ses premières réactions jusqu’à ses formulations les plus récentes. Son autre objectif est de présenter les positions, les argumentations et les transformations principales qui, toutes ensemble, forment le motif cartésien. Par « motif cartésien », l’auteur entend un ensemble de questions, de problèmes et de propositions de les résoudre, liés entre eux et se rapportant aux éléments spécifiques des philosophies de Descartes et de Husserl. Cet article, en présentant les penseurs choisis, essaie de cerner de plus près ce qu’est le motif cartésien. Dans ce contexte, il a encore pour objectif de déterminer la direction possible que peut prendre le développement de la phénoménologie non-cartésienne. L’auteur défend la position selon laquelle le cartésianisme de la phénoménologie résulte surtout de la façon dont cette philosophie a été exposée. D’après lui, une application de la méthode phénoménologique avec des visées modérées élargit le champ des recherches phénoménologiques.
La perception et l’idée : une double direction du cartésianisme de Twardowski
Authors: Starzyński Wojciech 
Published: May 2017

Cet article est une présentation du premier ouvrage de Casimir Twardowski publié en 1892 sous le titre Idee und Perception. Eine erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchung aus Descartes . Son exposé du cartésianisme procède en deux temps. Premièrement, il se lance dans une analyse épistémologique de ce qu’est la perception en fonction de sa clarté et de sa distinction où perceptio se trouve rapproché de la notion brentanienne de innere Wahrnehmung . Deuxièmement, Twardowski mène une analyse de ce qu’est l’idée en tant que distincte et claire, ce que cette fois le philosophe polonais associe à la notion de Begriff anticipant ainsi la problématique de la représentation logique ou celle de la méthodologie des sciences. Ce faisant, le jeune Twardowski semble esquisser deux démarches possibles issues du cartésianisme : une démarche phénoménologique qui met en œuvre les descriptions de la subjectivité entendue comme ensemble des actes, et une démarche logique centrée sur la problématique du concept.
Host-Derived CD70 Suppresses Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease by Limiting Donor T Cell Expansion and Effector Function
Authors: Leigh Nicholas D. , O’Neill Rachel E. , Du Wei , Chen Chuan , Qiu Jingxin , Ashwell Jonathan D. , McCarthy Philip L. , Chen George L. , Cao Xuefang 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic and immunologic diseases. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may develop when donor-derived T cells recognize and damage genetically distinct normal host tissues. In addition to TCR signaling, costimulatory pathways are involved in T cell activation. CD27 is a TNFR family member expressed on T cells, and its ligand, CD70, is expressed on APCs. The CD27/CD70 costimulatory pathway was shown to be critical for T cell function and survival in viral infection models. However, the role of this pathway in allo-HCT is previously unknown. In this study, we have examined its contribution in GVHD pathogenesis. Surprisingly, Ab blockade of CD70 after allo-HCT significantly increases GVHD. Interestingly, whereas donor T cell– or bone marrow–derived CD70 plays no role in GVHD, host-derived CD70 inhibits GVHD as CD70−/− hosts show significantly increased GVHD. This is evidenced by reduced survival, more severe weight loss, and increased histopathologic damage compared with wild-type hosts. In addition, CD70−/− hosts have higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17. Moreover, accumulation of donor CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells is increased in CD70−/− versus wild-type hosts. Mechanistic analyses suggest that CD70 expressed by host hematopoietic cells is involved in the control of alloreactive T cell apoptosis and expansion. Together, our findings demonstrate that host CD70 serves as a unique negative regulator of allogeneic T cell response by contributing to donor T cell apoptosis and inhibiting expansion of donor effector T cells.
A Novel α9 Integrin Ligand, XCL1/Lymphotactin, Is Involved in the Development of Murine Models of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki , Kon Shigeyuki , Nakatsuru Takuya , Miyashita Tomoe , Inui Kyosuke , Saitoh Kodai , Kitai Yuichi , Muromoto Ryuta , Kashiwakura Jun-ichi , Uede Toshimitsu , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The integrin α9β1 is a key receptor involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed mechanism for the association of α9β1 integrin with its ligands remains unclear. In this study, we introduce XCL1/lymphotactin, a member of the chemokine family, as a novel ligand for α9 integrin. Using α9 integrin–overexpressing NIH3T3 cells and endogenously α9 integrin–expressing human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, the interaction between XCL1 and α9 integrin was confirmed by pull-down assays. XCL1 enhanced α9 integrin–dependent cell migration of these cells, thus acting on α9 integrin as a chemoattractant. We also analyzed the in vivo function of XCL1 in the development of anti-type II collagen Ab–induced inflammatory arthritis (CAIA) in BALB/c mice and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice, because α9 integrin is involved in these autoimmune disease models. In CAIA, recombinant XCL1 aggravated the disease and this exacerbation was inhibited by an anti-α9 integrin Ab. An XCL1-neutralizing Ab produced in this study also ameliorated CAIA. Furthermore, the XCL1-neutralizing Ab abrogated the disease progression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therefore, to our knowledge this study provides the first in vitro and in vivo evidence that the interaction between XCL1 and α9 integrin has an important role for autoimmune diseases.
The Influence of MHC Class II on B Cell Defects Induced by Invariant Chain/CD74 N-Terminal Fragments
Authors: Schneppenheim Janna , Loock Ann-Christine , Hüttl Susann , Schweizer Michaela , Lüllmann-Rauch Renate , Oberg Hans-Heinrich , Arnold Philipp , Lehmann Christian H. K. , Dudziak Diana , Kabelitz Dieter , Lucius Ralph , Lennon-Duménil Ana-Maria , Saftig Paul , Schröder Bernd 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The invariant chain (CD74) mediates assembly and targeting of MHC class II (MHCII) complexes. In endosomes, CD74 undergoes sequential degradation by different proteases, including cathepsin S (CatS) and the intramembrane protease signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a). In their absence, CD74 N-terminal fragments (NTFs) accumulate. In SPPL2a−/− B cells, such an NTF impairs endosomal trafficking and BCR signal transduction. In mice, this leads to a loss of splenic B cells beyond the transitional stage 1. To gain insight into CD74 determinants and the role of MHCII, we compared B cells from CatS−/−, SPPL2a−/−, and SPPL2a-MHCII double-deficient mice. We assessed differentiation of B cells in bone marrow and spleen and analyzed their endosomal morphology, BCR expression, and signal transduction. We demonstrate that MHCII is dispensable for the B cell phenotype of SPPL2a−/− mice, further supporting a CD74-intrinsic effect. Despite significant vacuolization of endosomal compartments similar to SPPL2a−/− B cells, CatS−/− traditional stage 1 B cells show unimpaired degradation of endocytic cargo, have intact BCR signaling, and do not exhibit any relevant defects in maturation. This could indicate that CD74 NTF–induced structural changes of endosomes are not directly involved in these processes. We further found that the block of CD74 degradation in CatS−/− B cells is incomplete, so that NTF levels are significantly lower than in SPPL2a−/− B cells. This suggests a dose dependency and threshold for the CD74 NTF–associated impairment of B cell signaling and maturation. In addition, different functional properties of the longer, MHCII-bound CD74 NTF could contribute to the milder phenotype of CatS−/− B cells.
Antigen-Specific T Cell Analysis Reveals That Active Immune Responses to β Cell Antigens Are Focused on a Unique Set of Epitopes
Authors: Yang Junbao , Wen Xiaomin , Xu Hengyu , Torres-Chinn Nadia , Speake Cate , Greenbaum Carla J. , Nepom Gerald T. , Kwok William W. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
CD38 is an activation marker that is present on recently activated T cells, but absent on resting memory T cells. In this study, we show that CD45RO+CD38+ β cell Ag-specific CD4+ T cells were present at higher frequencies in type 1 diabetes subjects compared with those in healthy subjects. These results imply an ongoing β cell immunity years after onset of diabetes and suggest these activated T cells have an active role in the disease process. The Ag specificities of these activated T cells were determined by a novel CD154 T cell epitope mapping assay. Although each patient usually had a unique set of epitopes recognized by these T cells, two epitopes, DR0401-restricted modified preproinsulin peptide 78–90K88S and zinc transport 8 266–285, were repeatedly identified in multiple subjects. Identifying these T cells and their specific antigenic epitopes might provide immunotherapeutic targets for personalized therapies.
Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptosporidium hominis from northern India
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Mirdha Bijay Ranjan , Makharia Govind K. , Chaudhry Rama 
Published: May 2017

Background & objectives:
Human cryptosporidiosis is endemic worldwide, and at least eight species have been reported in humans; the most common being Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum. Detailed understanding of the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium is increasingly facilitated using standardized universal technique for species differentiation and subtyping. In this study micro- and minisatellite targets in chromosome 6 were used to assess genetic diversity of C. hominis by sequence length polymorphisms along with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Methods:
A total of 84 Cryptosporidium positive stool specimens were subjected to speciation and genotyping using small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as the target gene. Genetic heterogeneity amongst C. hominis isolates was assessed by sequencing minisatellites, microsatellites and polymorphic markers including genes encoding the 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60), a 47 kDa protein (CP47), a mucin-like protein (Mucin-1), a serine repeat antigen (MSC6-7) and a 56 kDa transmembrane protein (CP56).

Results:
Of the 84 Cryptosporidium positive stool specimens, 77 (92%) were positive by SSU rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of these 77 isolates, 54 were identified as C. hominis and 23 as C. parvum. Of all the loci studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), GP60 gene could reveal the highest genetic diversity. Population substructure analysis of C. hominis performed by combined sequence length and nucleotide polymorphism showed nine multilocus subtypes, all of which were distinct groups in the study population.

Interpretation & conclusions:
MLST, a powerful discriminatory test, demonstrated both variations and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium species and its subtypes.
Clinical profile & complications of neurotoxic snake bite & comparison of two regimens of polyvalent anti-snake venom in its treatment
Authors: Sarin Krishna , Dutta Tarun Kumar , Vinod K.V. 
Published: May 2017

Background & objectives:
The optimal anti-snake venom (ASV) dose required to treat neurotoxic snake envenomation is not known. Low-dose ASV (national protocol: maximum dose 200 ml) may be as efficacious as the conventional regimen (100 ml six hourly till all symptoms disappear), but a direct comparison of the regimens is not available. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of low-dose ASV regimen against the conventional high-dose regimen.

Methods:
The clinical profile of 51 patients with neurotoxic snake envenomation was studied. Patients were treated with either the national protocol or the conventional protocol for ASV administration. The time to complete recovery of symptoms, duration of mechanical ventilation and total dose of ASV were compared.

Results:
More patients were females (28 vs. 23) bitten in the early morning hours (2400-0600 h). Thirty nine of 51 (76.4%) patients required mechanical ventilation. In terms of progression of neuroparalysis, time to complete resolution of ptosis and occurrence of VAP and ASV reactions, there was no difference. Duration of mechanical ventilation was less with the national protocol (24 vs. 43.5 h). Significantly less amount of ASV was used with the national protocol (224 vs. 982 ml) per patient. There were no mortality or permanent neurological sequelae with either regimen.

Interpretation & conclusions:
In this preliminary study, it was found that the national ASV protocol was as effective as the conventional regimen for neurotoxic snake bites. However, the findings need to be tested in a larger randomized controlled trial for definitive conclusions.