bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy living according to adults with intellectual disabilities: towards tailoring health promotion initiatives
Authors: Kuijken N. M. J. , Naaldenberg J. , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden M. W. , van Schrojenstein‐Lantman de Valk H. M. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundA healthy lifestyle can prevent several health problems experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). For the development of effective and usable health promoting interventions for people with ID, the perspective of the intended audience should be taken into account. The aim of this qualitative study was to gain insight into the perspectives of people with mild to moderate ID on healthy living.MethodQualitative study. Five semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with a total of 21 adults with mild to moderate ID in the Netherlands. Discussions focused on three main themes: (1) perceptions of own health, (2) what participants consider as healthy living and (3) factors experienced to be related to the ability to live healthily. Interviews were analysed thematically resulting in two main domains: (1) perceptions of what is healthy and unhealthy and (2) factors that participants experience to be related to their ability to live healthily.ResultsFor participants, healthy living entails more than healthy food and exercising: feeling healthy, happiness and level of independence are perceived as important as well. Factors experienced to relate to their ability to live healthily were (a lack of) motivation, support from others and environmental factors such as available health education, (a lack of) facilities and a(n) (dis)advantageous location of work or residence.ConclusionsThis qualitative study shows that adults with mild to moderate ID have a good understanding of what being healthy and living healthily constitute. As they face several difficulties in their attempts to live healthily, existing health promotion programmes for people with ID must be tailored to individual preferences and motivations and adapted for individual physical disabilities. Moreover, because of their dependency on others, tailoring should also be focused on the resources and hindering factors in their physical and social environment.
Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Therapeutic Factors Inventory–19: A study of family peer education self‐help groups
Authors: Kageyama Masako , Nakamura Yukako , Kobayashi Sayaka , Yokoyama Keiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTherapeutic factors are crucial mechanisms that promote change in self‐help group members. Measuring therapeutic factors may improve practitioners' skills for assessment in whole‐group contexts. The present authors, therefore, examined the validity and reliability of a Japanese version of the Therapeutic Factors Inventory–19.MethodsThe Therapeutic Factors Inventory–19 was examined using a self‐report questionnaire completed by members of 38 family peer education self‐help groups. The instrument measured the following four factors: instillation of hope, secure emotional expression, awareness of relational impact, and social learning.ResultsParticipants were 246 group members. Test–retest reliability was analyzed using data from 46 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a goodness of fit of 0.85 and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.088. Multitrait scaling analyses showed that items for instillation of hope and secure emotional expression factors correlated higher with their own factors than other factors. Each factor and the total average of the 19 items were significantly correlated with the Group Benefit Scale and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. When level of interaction with other members was higher, subjects perceived a stronger presence of therapeutic factors. The intraclass correlation coefficients of each factor at a week interval were 0.848–0.915. Cronbach's alpha of each factor and all items ranged 0.767–0.960.ConclusionIn the case of family peer education self‐help groups, there is acceptable validity and reliability for the average score of all items, and for the instillation of hope and secure emotional expression factors. However, more work is needed to increase the generalizability.
Detection of high‐risk human papillomavirus using menstrual blood in women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or high‐risk human papillomavirus infections: A pilot study
Authors: Lee Banghyun , Cho Hye‐Yon , Jeon Kum Jin , Kim Kidong , Lee Jung Ryeol , Moon Jung Joo , No Jae Hong , Kim Yong‐Beom 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimFew studies have reported that human papillomavirus (HPV) tests using menstrual blood (MB) may be a convenient and effective screening modality for cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of detecting high‐risk (HR)‐HPV from MB in women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or HR‐HPV infections dependent on menstrual days.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective exploratory pilot study, a clinical trial was conducted in 19 women. On enrollment into the study, gynecologists collected cervical cells. On the first and second day of menstruation, MB was self‐collected by patients using a sanitary pad with a filter. The distribution of HPVs from MB and the accuracy of menstrual HR‐HPV tests were evaluated using HPV genotyping. The agreement rate of detecting HR‐HPVs using cervical and MB samples was also investigated.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the MB HR‐HPV test for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or worse were 87.5%, 45.5%, 53.8%, and 83.3%, respectively, during both menstrual cycle day (MCD) 1 and 2 and MCD 1 only; and 62.5%, 27.3%, 38.5%, and 50.0%, respectively, during MCD 2 only. For CIN 3 or worse, the agreement rate between positive cervical and MB HR‐HPV test results was 87.5% during MCD 1 and 62.5% during MCD 2.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the possibility of using the MB HPV test as a screening modality for cervical cancer.
Developing core dental public health competencies for predoctoral dental and dental hygiene students
Authors: Mascarenhas Ana Karina , Atchison Kathryn Ann 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDental professionals are an “underutilized” workforce, when it comes to advocating for prevention and wellness in populations. The goal of this HRSA‐funded project is to develop dental public health (DPH) competencies and curriculum for US predoctoral dental and dental hygiene programs. These competencies and accompanying curriculum are designed to better prepare the oral health workforce to meet the needs of the entire population, including the chronically underserved, those challenged by poor health literacy, or communities encountering barriers to accessing oral health care. By increasing the DPH competency of all graduating dental providers, in population‐based approaches to preventing oral diseases rather than the existing exclusive focus on treatment, the number of providers who can respond to a population or the public's unmet needs and challenges, both in private practices and publicly supported clinics, will increase. This paper describes the competency development process and the eight competencies that were identified.
Developing a flexible core Dental Public Health curriculum for predoctoral dental and dental hygiene schools
Authors: Atchison Kathryn , Mascarenhas Ana Karina , Bhoopathi Vinodh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe curriculum for graduating dental and dental hygiene students must prepare them to contribute to the improvement or maintenance of health for individual patient's and the public's health. The objective is to describe the background for and the process used to develop a core Dental Public Health Curriculum for such students.MethodsThe process used was to solicit and review existing dental public health curriculum in dental and dental hygiene schools; review curriculum for other health professionals; identify the themes needed to frame the curriculum; select usable materials and identify gaps in existing curricular materials; and develop appropriate curriculum materials that would embody the competencies developed for undergraduate dental and dental hygiene education.ResultsTwenty‐three topics were identified as embodying the eight competencies. Based on these topics, six courses, Principles of Dental Public Health, Evidence‐Based Dentistry, Ethics and Dental Public Health, Dental Public Health Policy and Advocacy, Oral Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, and Oral Health Literacy and Dental Public Health, were prepared. Each course includes syllabus, PowerPoint presentations, student assignments and activities, instructor guide, and classroom discussion points. Depending on the hours available in the existing curriculum at the dental or hygiene school, lecture presentations and take home assignments/discussions may be used independently or in combination with presentations from other courses. In addition, individual discussions and activities may be used to integrate dental public health materials into other courses.ConclusionA flexible curriculum is available at the AAPHD website to enable the incorporation of DPH topics into the curriculum.
Establishing a speaker's bureau to teach dental public health curriculum in predoctoral dental and dental hygiene programs
Authors: Bhoopathi Vinodh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe opening of new dental schools and dental hygiene programs in the past decade has further exacerbated the shortage of faculty, including those with dental public health (DPH) expertise to teach. Therefore, one of the aims for the American Association of Public Health Dentistry's (AAPHD) Predoctoral Dental Public Health Competencies and Curriculum Project (Project), to develop DPH competencies and curriculum, was to establish a speakers bureau of interested dental professionals to teach the curriculum in dental schools and dental hygiene programs at the predoctoral level. This paper describes the process for establishing a speakers bureau including identifying and training individuals to teach the developed DPH curriculum. The speakers bureau and its availability were promoted through the AAPHD website and through letters to deans of dental schools and directors of dental hygiene programs.
The effect of clinical characteristics on the performance of galactomannan and PCR for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in febrile neutropenic patients
Authors: Oz Yasemin , Aslan Muge , Aksit Filiz , Metintas Selma , Gunduz Eren 
Published: December 2015

SummaryRapid diagnosis and early treatment of invasive aspergillosis is crucial for the management of the patients with haematological malignancy. We evaluated 358 sera from 78 febrile neutropenic episodes in patient with invasive aspergillosis (IA) (one proven, 17 probable, and 60 possible) and 83 episodes in patients with no IA according to the EORTC/MSG criteria. Patient's specimens were tested by Mycassay Aspergillus PCR (first commercial real‐time PCR test) and in house real‐time PCR to investigate the presence of Aspergillus DNA, and by ELISA for detect the galactomannan (GM) antigen. We systematically investigated the medical background that can be effective on the test results. The hospitalisation period was longer in proven/probable episodes when compared with no IA (P = 0.001) and possible episodes. With regard to duration of neutropenia, the differences between both proven/probable with no IA (P = 0.023) and possible with no IA (P = 0.002) were highly significant. Similarly, the rates of T cell suppressant therapy in group proven/probable and possible episodes were significantly higher than in no IA (P = 0.005). There are significant differences in the performance of GM and PCR‐based tests among studies, and standardisation is required. Therefore, it can be useful to determine the effective factors on these tests. The use of larger volume of sera improved the performance of real‐time PCR for detection of Aspergillus DNA in high‐risk adult patients in the present study. Some host factors such as duration of neutropenia and administration of T cell suppressants related to the development of IA.
Dialysis modality, vascular access and mortality in end‐stage kidney disease: A bi‐national registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Kasza Jessica , Wolfe Rory , McDonald Stephen P , Marshall Mark R , Polkinghorne Kevan R 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThere remains debate on which dialysis modality offers better survival outcomes for patients. We compare the survival of patients undergoing home haemodialysis (HD) with a permanent vascular access, facility HD with a permanent vascular access, facility HD with a central venous catheter or peritoneal dialysis.MethodsWe considered adult patients from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry who commenced dialysis between 1 October 2003 and 31 December 2011. Patients were followed until death, transplant, loss to follow‐up or 31 December 2011. Marginal structural models for mortality were used to account for time‐varying treatment, comorbidities and baseline covariates. Unmeasured differences between treatment groups may remain even after adjustment for measured differences, so the potential effects of unmeasured confounding were explicitly modelled.ResultsThere were 20,191 patients who underwent ≥90 days of dialysis (median 2.25 years, interquartile range 1–3.75 years). There were significant differences in age, gender, comorbidities and other variables between treatment groups at baseline. Thirty per cent of patients had at least one treatment change. Relative to facility HD with permanent access, the risk of death for home HD patients with a permanent access was lower in the first year (at 9 months: hazard ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.25–0.67, adjusted for all baseline covariates). Findings were robust to unmeasured confounding within plausible ranges.ConclusionRelative to facility HD with permanent vascular access, home HD conferred better survival prospects, while peritoneal dialysis was associated with a higher risk and facility HD with a catheter the highest risk, especially within the first year of dialysis.
Strategies for the production of cell wall‐deconstructing enzymes in lignocellulosic biomass and their utilization for biofuel production
Authors: Park Sang‐Hyuck , Ong Rebecca Garlock , Sticklen Mariam 
Published: December 2015

SummaryMicrobial cell wall‐deconstructing enzymes are widely used in the food, wine, pulp and paper, textile, and detergent industries and will be heavily utilized by cellulosic biorefineries in the production of fuels and chemicals. Due to their ability to use freely available solar energy, genetically engineered bioenergy crops provide an attractive alternative to microbial bioreactors for the production of cell wall‐deconstructing enzymes. This review article summarizes the efforts made within the last decade on the production of cell wall‐deconstructing enzymes in planta for use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. A number of strategies have been employed to increase enzyme yields and limit negative impacts on plant growth and development including targeting heterologous enzymes into specific subcellular compartments using signal peptides, using tissue‐specific or inducible promoters to limit the expression of enzymes to certain portions of the plant or certain times, and fusion of amplification sequences upstream of the coding region to enhance expression. We also summarize methods that have been used to access and maintain activity of plant‐generated enzymes when used in conjunction with thermochemical pretreatments for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels.
Rare idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: LIP and PPFE and rare histologic patterns of interstitial pneumonias: AFOP and BPIP
Authors: Kokosi Maria A. , Nicholson Andrew G. , Hansell David M. , Wells Athol U. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the 2013 reclassification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs), two rare IIPs (idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE)) and two rare histologic patterns (acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP), bronchiolocentric pattern of interstitial pneumonia (BPIP)) are described. All these entities are rare with small series published to date, mostly containing primary and secondary forms of disease. LIP is histologically characterized by diffuse polyclonal lymphoid cell infiltrate surrounding the airways and expanding the interstitium. Thin‐walled cysts and diffuse ground glass are considered the typical radiologic features. The clinical course is highly variable with corticosteroid responsiveness evident in approximately half of cases. IPPFE is defined histologically by coexisting upper lobe pleural and intra‐alveolar fibrosis with elastosis. Dense subpleural irregular fibrosis and consolidation are the cardinal radiologic features. A history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infection is frequent. Responses to immunomodulation have not been reported and the rate of progression appears to be highly variable. AFOP is a rare histologic pattern lying within the spectrum of acute/subacute lung injury, characterized by organizing pneumonia and intra‐alveolar fibrin deposition without hyaline membranes. BPIP is characterized histologically by fibrosis and/or inflammation confined to the alveolar interstitium around bronchovascular bundles, overlapping with peribronchial metaplasia and fibrosis in some series. Currently, AFOP and BPIP are both best viewed as histological entities rather than true clinical disorders, in the absence of characteristic associated imaging patterns and clinical features.
Is Forgotten Evidence a Problem for Evidentialism?
Authors: McCain Kevin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe “problem of forgotten evidence” is a common objection to evidentialist theories of epistemic justification. This objection is motivated by cases where someone forms a belief on the basis of supporting evidence and then later forgets this evidence while retaining the belief. Critics of evidentialist theories argue that in some of these cases the person's belief remains justified. So, these critics claim that one can have a justified belief that is not supported by any evidence the subject possesses. I argue that these critics are mistaken.
Beyond the Tools of the Trade: Heidegger and the Intelligibility of Everyday Things
Authors: Magid Oren 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn everyday life, we constantly encounter and deal with useful things without pausing to inquire about the sources of their intelligibility. In Div. I of Being and Time, Heidegger undertakes just such an inquiry. According to a common reading of Heidegger's analysis, the intelligibility of our everyday encounters and dealings with useful things is ultimately constituted by practical self‐understandings (such as being a gardener, shoemaker, teacher, mother, musician, or philosopher). In this paper, I argue that while such practical self‐understandings may be sufficient to constitute the intelligibility of the tools and equipment specific to many practices, these “tools of the trade” are only a small portion of the things we encounter, use, and deal with on a daily basis. Practical self‐understandings cannot similarly account for the intelligibility of the more mundane things—like toothbrushes and sidewalks—used in everyday life. I consider whether an anonymous self‐understanding as “one,” “anyone,” or “no one in particular” —das Man—might play this intelligibility‐constituting role. In examining this possibility, another type of self‐understanding comes to light: cultural identities. I show that the cultural identities into which we are “thrown,” rather than practical identities or das Man, constitute the intelligibility of the abundance of mundane things that fill our everyday lives. Finally, I spell out how this finding bears on our understanding of Heidegger's notion of authenticity.
Use of botulinum toxin type A in symptomatic accessory soleus muscle: first five cases
Authors: Isner‐Horobeti M.‐E. , Muff G. , Lonsdorfer‐Wolf E. , Deffinis C. , Masat J. , Favret F. , Dufour S. P. , Lecocq J. 
Published: December 2015

Symptomatic accessory soleus muscle (ASM) can cause exercise‐induced leg pain due to local nerve/vascular compression, muscle spasm, or local compartment syndrome. As intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) can reduce muscle tone and mass, we investigated whether local BTX‐A injections relieve the pain associated with symptomatic ASM. We describe five patients presenting peri/retromalleolar exertional pain and a contractile muscle mass in the painful region. Com‐pression neuropathy was ruled out by electromyo‐graphic analysis of the lower limb muscles. Doppler ultrasonography was normal, excluding a local vascular compression. ASM was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. After a treadmill stress test, abnormal intramuscular pressure values in the ASM, confirmed the diagnosis of compartment syndrome only in one patient. All five patients received BTX‐A injections in two points of the ASM. The treatment efficacy was evaluated based on the disappearance of exercise‐induced pain and the resumption of normal physical and sports activities. After BTX‐A injection, exertional pain disappeared and all five patients resumed their normal level of physical and sports performances. Neither side effects nor motor deficits were observed. BTX‐A is well tolerated in patients with ASM and could be used as a new conservative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of symptomatic ASM before surgery.
Female Crime Fighters in Television and Film: Implications and Future Directions
Authors: Davidson Janet T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article examines the literature surrounding images of the female crime fighter in fictionalized television and film. The continued growth of the crime drama, alongside stagnant growth of women in law enforcement, necessitates a closer look at this genre. Current media images serve to reinforce women's roles as either support for male crime fighters and/or as highly sexualized members of the force. Work in this area demonstrates a large‐scale reinforcement of constructed gender norms that may impact how the women are treated on the job as well as their overall retention and recruitment in law enforcement. More scholarly focus on the media representations and related impacts is called for.
Understanding Symbolic Boundaries and Improving Quantitative Analysis of Social Exclusion by Improving the Operationalization of Boundary Work
Authors: Vila‐Henninger Luis 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn survey research, how can we measure actors' judgments concerning who is a member of a particular social group and who is not? How can we measure changes in this process over time? Within the sociology of culture, the operationalization of boundary work, or decisions of group membership, has been relatively overlooked. Similarly, measurement of changes in boundaries has been relatively overlooked as well. An important first step is to better match the operationalization of boundary work with theory. To do so, I argue that survey items concerning decisions of social exclusion measured in the Likert scale can be used. In addition to allowing scholars to compare those who exclude with those who include (often measured as Strongly Agree/Agree vs. Disagree/Strongly Disagree), the Likert scale offers a measurement of boundary strength: how strongly respondents are committed to their exclusionary judgments (Agree vs. Strongly Agree, Disagree vs. Strongly Disagree). A novel element of boundary change can then be measured as variation over time in commitment to exclusionary judgment in time series data. A boundary that has increased in strength would be one for which respondents increase in their emotional commitment to their exclusionary judgment over time.