bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in providing information on retinal detachment: a multicenter expert comparative study
Authors: Strzalkowski Piotr , Strzalkowska Alicja , Chhablani Jay , Pfau Kristina , Errera Marie-Hélène , Roth Mathias , Schaub Friederike , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Hoerauf Hans , Reiter Constantin , Schuster Alexander K. , Geerling Gerd , Guthoff Rainer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini show potential for patient health education, but concerns about their accuracy require careful evaluation. This study evaluates the readability and accuracy of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in answering questions about retinal detachment.

Methods
Comparative study analyzing responses from ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini to 13 retinal detachment questions, categorized by difficulty levels (D1, D2, D3). Masked responses were reviewed by ten vitreoretinal specialists and rated on correctness, errors, thematic accuracy, coherence, and overall quality grading. Analysis included Flesch Readability Ease Score, word and sentence counts.

Results
Both Artificial Intelligence tools required college-level understanding for all difficulty levels. Google Gemini was easier to understand (p = 0.03), while ChatGPT-4 provided more correct answers for the more difficult questions (p = 0.0005) with fewer serious errors. ChatGPT-4 scored highest on most challenging questions, showing superior thematic accuracy (p = 0.003). ChatGPT-4 outperformed Google Gemini in 8 of 13 questions, with higher overall quality grades in the easiest (p = 0.03) and hardest levels (p = 0.0002), showing a lower grade as question difficulty increased.

Conclusions
ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini effectively address queries about retinal detachment, offering mostly accurate answers with few critical errors, though patients require higher education for comprehension. The implementation of AI tools may contribute to improving medical care by providing accurate and relevant healthcare information quickly.
Neuraxial anesthesia for patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing urgent open abdominal surgeries: two case reports
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Takise Yoshiaki , Sekiya Yuri , Masuda Yuya , Misonoo Yoshi , Wakaizumi Kenta , Suhara Tomohiro , Morisaki Hiroshi , Kato Jungo , Yamada Takashige 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
There is no consensus regarding the choice of anesthetic method for patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We report two cases in which neuraxial anesthesia was safely performed without general anesthesia during open abdominal surgery in patients with severe PH.

Case presentation
Case 1: A 59-year-old woman had an atrial septal defect and a huge abdominal tumor with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) of 39 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of 3.5 Wood units. Case 2: A 23-year-old woman who had hereditary pulmonary artery hypertension (mean PAP, 65 mmHg; PVR, 16.45 Wood units). Both patients underwent open abdominal surgery under neuraxial anesthesia without circulatory collapse with intraoperative administration of vasoconstrictors.

Conclusion
Although anesthetic care must be personalized depending on the pathology and severity of PH, neuraxial anesthesia may be an option for patients with severe PH undergoing abdominal surgery.
Characterization, stability, and skin application of astaxanthin particulates
Authors: Ai Miyu , Kanai Risa , Todo Hiroaki , Tomita Junki , Tanikawa Takashi , Inoue Yutaka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Astaxanthin (AX), commonly used for dermal applications, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, it has poor water solubility. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of AX-containing particulates formulated using the amphiphilic graft copolymer Soluplus (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer: Sol) and polyethylene glycol-2000 (PEG 2000); in addition, the stability and skin applications of AX particulates were investigated.

Methods
AX, Sol, and PEG were mixed by weight to prepare AX particles using the hydration method. The prepared particles were subjected to stability evaluations including particle size distribution, zeta potential estimation, and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as physical evaluations including 1H-1H NOESY NMR spectral measurement, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Functional evaluations included singlet oxygen scavenging, skin permeation test, and fluorescence microscopy.

Results
Relatively stable particles of Sol/AX and Sol/PEG 2000/AX, approximately 100 nm and 125 nm in size, respectively, were formed at a mixed weight ratio (9/1) of 0.1 M Ascorbic Acid solution (0.1 M ASC) and a mixed weight ratio (8/1/1) of 0.1 M ASC, respectively, at 25 °C after storage for 14 days under light-shielded condition. Stability evaluations revealed a decrease in fluorescence intensity and color fading for Sol/AX = 9/1 and Sol/PEG 2000/AX = 8/1/1 (dispersion medium: distilled water); however, no change in fluorescence intensity of AX was observed immediately after preparation in Sol/AX = 9/1 and Sol/PEG 2000/AX = 8/1/1 (dispersion medium: 0.1 M ASC). The fluorescence intensity of AX did not fluctuate significantly immediately after adjustment, and the particles remained stable, showing a bright orange color with time. NMR spectra of Sol/AX = 9/1 and Sol/PEG 2000/AX (dispersion medium: 0.1 M ASC) showed the interactions between the CH3 group e from Sol (1.8 ~ 2.0 ppm) and the CH groups H-15,11 from AX (6.7 ~ 6.8 ppm), 8’,12’ (6.4 ~ 6.5 ppm), H-10,14 (6.4 ~ 6.5 ppm), and 7,7’ (6.2 ~ 6.3 ppm), indicating the disappearance of cross peaks. Furthermore, new cross peaks were identified for the CH3 group e of Sol (1.8 ~ 2.0 ppm), the 7-membered ring z of Sol (1.5 ~ 1.8 ppm), the 5-membered ring S of ASC (3.5 ~ 3.6 ppm), the CH group T (3.8 ~ 3.9 ppm), and the CH group U (4.7 ppm). Fluorescence microscopy observations of microparticles formulated with Sol/PEG 2000/AX showed a slight improvement in skin penetration.

Conclusion
New AX particulates were formed using Sol/PEG 2000/AX = 8/1/1, suggesting that Sol/PEG 2000/AX maintained the stability and improved the skin penetration of AX.
The flow pattern of neuro-pediatric emergency visits during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khojah Imad M. , Muthaffar Osama Y. , Alyazidi Anas S. , Alghamdi Maha K. , Alhuqaili Mayar , Alalawi Hassan A. , Alharbi Ohud T. , Almuharib Latifa A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has highly impacted the healthcare system and patients, especially patients with epilepsy, due to the fact that the success of their treatment depends on obtaining sustainable access to medical professions, diagnostic services, facilities, and medications. The epidemiology and presence of neuro-pediatric emergencies in the setting of COVID-19 in XXX have not been thoroughly described. This is a barrier to planning and providing quality emergency care within the local health systems. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of the epidemiology of neurological cases encountered in the pediatric emergency unit.

Methods
This is a retrospective study to analyze the flow pattern of Emergency Department (ED) visits among pediatric patients with neuro-related complaints. Participants were filtered, and a total of 108,000 visits were reduced to 960 patients with a neurological provisional diagnosis. Patients were grouped into pre- and post-pandemic visits according to their age group. We identified demographic and clinical variables.

Results
The study included 960 patients with a provisional neurological diagnosis, consisting of 542 (56.5%) males and 418 (43.5%) females. The mean age of admission was 5.29 ± 4.19 years. The majority of patients were triaged as “priority 1—resuscitation” (n = 332, 34.6%), and seizures were the most frequent chief complaint (n = 317, 33.0%). Statistical significance was observed for patients with vascular issues (p = 0.013) during the pre-COVID-19 period after adjusting for odds ratio. The most common outcome was discharge (n = 558, 58.1%). The mean length of stay during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic was 16.48 ± 33.53 h, which was significantly longer compared to a mean length of stay of 7.76 ± 7.27 h during the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
We presented a new epidemiology of pediatric patients with neuro-related ED visits. An increase in seizure diagnosis was observed, as were significant shifts in the length of stay. Demographic changes were less evident in the two periods. Understanding such variation aids in managing this vulnerable population during critical periods.
The brain–heart-immune axis: a vago-centric framework for predicting and enhancing resilient recovery in older surgery patients
Authors: Acker Leah , Xu Kevin , Ginsberg J. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNearly all geriatric surgical complications are studied in the context of a single organ system, e.g., cardiac complications and the heart; delirium and the brain; infections and the immune system. Yet, we know that advanced age, physiological stress, and infection all increase sympathetic and decrease parasympathetic nervous system function. Parasympathetic function is mediated through the vagus nerve, which connects the heart, brain, and immune system to form, what we have termed, the brain–heart-immune axis. We hypothesize that this brain–heart-immune axis plays a critical role in surgical recovery among older adults. In particular, we hypothesize that the brain–heart-immune axis plays a critical role in the most common surgical complication among older adults: postoperative delirium. Further, we present heart rate variability as a measure that may eventually become a multi-system vital sign evaluating brain–heart-immune axis function. Finally, we suggest the brain–heart-immune axis as a potential interventional target for bio-electronic neuro-immune modulation to enhance resilient surgical recovery among older adults.
The combined effects of resistance and endurance training with ursolic acid supplementation on some Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers in a rat model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ghadiri Neda , Gorgin Karaji Zeinab , Farsani Zahra Hemati , Akbarzadeh Hamid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased inflammation and a risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to assess the impact of exercise with ursolic acid (UA) on some protein levels in the brains of aged male Wistar rats with diet-induced Type 2. We investigated the effects of exercise with UA on protein levels in rats with type 2 diabetes. The rats were divided into seven groups and underwent different exercise or UA protocols.

Results
The results showed that type 2 diabetes led to increased levels of tau, IL-1β, TNF-α, and c-Jun, and decreased levels of IRS2 protein. Endurance training improved tau, Jun, and IRS2 levels. UA reduced increased levels of tau, IL-1β, TNF-α, and c-Jun, and increased IRS2 levels. Combining the supplement with training led to further improvements.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that combining training and UA partially reversed the inflammation in the Type 2 diabetes model. However, further research is needed to understand how UA consumption with or without training protocols can reduce the risk of AD in type 2 diabetes.
New partial key exposure attacks on RSA with additive exponent blinding
Authors: Jiang Ziming , Zhou Yongbin , Liu Yuejun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPartial key exposure attacks present a significant threat to RSA-type cryptosystems. These attacks factorize the RSA modulus by utilizing partial knowledge of the decryption exponent, which is typically revealed by side-channel attacks, cold boot attacks, etc. In practice, the RSA implementations typically employ countermeasures to resist physical attacks, such as additive exponent blinding $$d' = d + r \varphi (N)$$

d
′

=
d
+
r
φ

(
N
)

with unknown random blinding factor r. Although there are a couple of partial key exposure attacks on blinding RSA, these attacks require a considerable amount of leakage and fail to work when e is up to full size. In this paper, we propose new partial key exposure attacks on RSA with additive exponent blinding, focusing on leakage scenarios where the Most Significant Bits (MSBs) or Least Significant Bits (LSBs) of $$d'$$

d
′

are revealed. For the case where e is small, we first recover partial information of p by solving the quadratic congruence equation, and then find the small roots of the integer equation to recover entire private key. Our method relaxes the attack requirements, for instance, we reduce the amount of MSBs for a successful attack from 75 to 25% when $$e \approx N^{0.25}$$

e
≈

N

0.25

and $$r\approx N^{0}$$

r
≈

N
0

. Furthermore, we propose new attacks using the unique algebraic relationship in blinding RSA, which extend the attack to the case where e is of full size.
Characteristics of DNMT3a mutation in acute myeloid leukemia and its prognostic implication
Authors: Khattab Ahmed Mahmoud Taha , Ghaffar Afaf Abdel Aziz Abdel , El-Sewefy Dalia Ahmed , ElSakhawy Yasmin Nabil , Salem Ramy Mahmoud , Omar Heba Samy Agamy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder arising from the differentiation arrest of myeloid precursor and malignant proliferation of a bone marrow derived, self-renewing stem or progenitor cells inside the bone marrow (BM) and blood due to numerous genetic mutations. Some mutations can also adjust DNA methylation and may play a critical function in pathogenesis in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia (CN-AML). Somatic mutations in DNMT3a were pronounced in approximately 20% and ∼30–35% of overall AML and CN-AML, respectively. Most DNMT3a mutations in AML have been observed to be heterozygous, A missense mutation, R882, located inside Hot spot exon 23, has been found to be the maximum common mutation. This is a preliminary study conducted on 20 adult Egyptian patients newly diagnosed as AML where Sanger sequencing of Hotspot Exon 23 of DNMT3a gene was performed on their initial bone marrow samples and were followed up to 3 months post-induction therapy. Only De Novo AML patients were included in our study.

Results
Our results revealed that overall DNMT3a mutations were present in 25% of our patients, 10% having the R882 (rs147001633) mutation being 5% R882C and 5% R882H. Immunophenotyping analysis among Mutated DNMT3a (R882 and Non R882) and Wild DNMT3a revealed that AML markers exhibited no significant differences except for myeloperoxidase positivity which was significant among the groups (0.050). Regarding cytogenetics, only one case of the mutated DNMT3a had positive FISH inv (16), where the rest were FISH negative. After 28 days of induction, 75% of all our patients achieved complete response (CR), 20% achieve partial response (PR) out of which 75% are DNMT3a mutated. After 3 months follow-up, 10% of all patients faced mortality where 5% was DNMT3a wild type (died due to treatment-related mortality) and 5% was R882 mutated DNMT3a.

Conclusion
DNMT3a mutations are present in 25% (5/20) of our AML patients, with 10% (2/20) having the R882 mutation being 5% (1/20) R882C and 5% (1/20) R882H. R882 mutation is associated with resistance to chemotherapy, and poorer outcomes, highlighting its poorer prognostic significance in AML.
Assessment of left ventricular myocardial systolic dysfunction in premature ovarian insufficiency patients using echocardiographic layer-specific myocardial strain imaging
Authors: Wang Yu-Lin , Yin Li-Xue , Li Mei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Due to the lack of oestrogen, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an independent risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and overall cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to apply layer-specific myocardial strain for early quantitative evaluation of subclinical left ventricular myocardial systolic function changes in patients with POI.

Methods
Forty-eight newly diagnosed, untreated patients with POI (POI group) and fifty healthy female subjects matched for age, height and weight (control group) were enrolled. Standard transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure conventional parameters and layer-specific strain parameters.The layer-specific strain parameters included subendomyocardial global longitudinal strain (GLSendo), mid-layer myocardial global longitudinal strain (GLSmid), subepimyocardial global longitudinal strain (GLSepi), subendomyocardial global circumferential strain (GCSendo), mid-layer myocardial global circumferential strain (GCSmid), and subepimyocardial global circumferential strain (GCSepi).

Results
There were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the two groups. The end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVST) was greater in the POI group (8.29 ± 1.32 vs. 7.66 ± 0.82, P = 0.008), and the POI group had lower E, E/A, and lateral e′ (all P < 0.05). As for systolic functions,the POI group had lower GLSendo, GLSmid, GLSepi, GCSendo, GCSmid, and GCSepi (all P < 0.05).The intraobserver and interobserver coefficients of GLSendo, GLSmid, GLSepi, GCSendo, GCSmid, and GCSepi were greater than 0.900.

Conclusions
POI patients with normal LVEF may suffer from subclinical left ventricular myocardial systolic dysfunction. Echocardiography of layer-specific myocardial strain could more sensitively detect subclinical impairment of left ventricular systolic function in POI patients.

Graphical abstract
“Il fier tiranno”
Authors: Battista Fabio 
Published: September 2024

The execution of King Charles I in 1649 sparked outrage across Europe: after years of civil war, the anointed sovereign of England, Scotland, and Ireland was to die by parliamentary order. While conspicuous attention was devoted to this event in 17th-century Italian historiography, author Girolamo Graziani repurposed it as the subject for his five-act tragedy Il Cromuele (1671). Built around the dichotomy between the king and his rival, the tyrant Cromuele (Oliver Cromwell), Graziani’s work which is dedicated to King Louis XIV of France– blurs ideological lines and points to an evident fascination for the political novelty embodied by the leader of the parliamentarians against the backdrop of ancien régime. This tragedy, I argue, highlights at once the crisis of divine right and contrasts it with the emergence of a new type of political leader, influenced by the post-Machiavellian theory of ragion di stato.
The Electric Vehicle Routing and Overnight Charging Scheduling Problem on a Multigraph
Authors: Yamín Daniel , Desaulniers Guy , Mendoza Jorge E. 
Published: September 2024

In the electric vehicle (EV) routing and overnight charging scheduling problem, a fleet of EVs must serve the demand of a set of customers with time windows. The problem consists in finding a set of minimum cost routes and determining an overnight EV charging schedule that ensures the routes’ feasibility. Because (i) travel time and energy consumption are conflicting resources, (ii) the overnight charging operations take considerable time, and (iii) the charging infrastructure at the depot is limited, we model the problem on a multigraph where each arc between two vertices represents a path with a different resource consumption trade-off. To solve the problem, we design a branch-price-and-cut algorithm that implements state-of-the-art techniques, including the ng-path relaxation, subset-row inequalities, and a specialized labeling algorithm. We report computational results showing that the method solves to optimality instances with up to 50 customers. We also present experiments evaluating the benefits of modeling the problem on a multigraph rather than on the more classical 1-graph representation. History: Accepted by Andra Lodi, Area Editor for Design and Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the Discovery grants [Grant RGPIN-2023-03791]. It was also partially funded by HEC Montréal through the research professorship on Clean Transportation Analytics. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0404 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0404 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Global bifurcation of positive solutions for a superlinear
p
-Laplacian system
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Ma Ruyun 
Published: September 2024

We are concerned with the principal eigenvalue of

(P)

{

−

Δ
p

u
=
λ

θ
1

φ
p

(
v
)
,

x
∈
Ω
,

−

Δ
p

v
=
λ

θ
2

φ
p

(
u
)
,

x
∈
Ω
,

u
=
0
=
v
,

x
∈
∂
Ω

and the global structure of positive solutions for the system

(Q)

{

−

Δ
p

u
=
λ
f
(
v
)
,

x
∈
Ω
,

−

Δ
p

v
=
λ
g
(
u
)
,

x
∈
Ω
,

u
=
0
=
v
,

x
∈
∂
Ω
,

where

φ
p

(
s
)
=

|

s

|

p
−
2

s
,

Δ
p

s
=
div
(

|

∇
s

|

p
−
2

∇
s
)
,
λ
>
0
is a parameter,
Ω
⊂

R

N

,
N
>
2
, is a bounded domain with smooth boundary
∂
Ω
,
f
,
g
:

R

→
(
0
,
∞
)
are continuous functions with
p
-superlinear growth at infinity. We obtain the principal eigenvalue of
(
P
)
by using a nonlinear Krein–Rutman theorem and the unbounded branch of positive solutions for
(
Q
)
via bifurcation technology.
Multiple normalized solutions for
(
2
,
q
)
-Laplacian equation problems in whole

R

N
Authors: Chen Renhua , Wang Li , Song Xin 
Published: September 2024

This paper considers the existence of multiple normalized solutions of the following
(
2
,
q
)
-Laplacian equation:

{

−
Δ
u
−

Δ
q

u
=
λ
u
+
h
(
ϵ
x
)
f
(
u
)
,

i
n

R

N

,

∫

R

N

|

u

|

2

d

x
=

a
2

,

where
2
<
q
<
N
,
ϵ
>
0
,
a
>
0
and
λ
∈

R

is a Lagrange multiplier which is unknown,
h
is a continuous positive function and
f
is also continuous satisfying

L
2

-subcritical growth. When
ϵ
is small enough, we show that the number of normalized solutions is at least the number of global maximum points of
h
by Ekeland's variational principle.
CURSO DIVERSIDADE, GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE: COMO ABORDAR EDUCAÇÃO EM SEXUALIDADE NA ESCOLA?
Authors: Passos Daniela Oliveira Ramos dos , Neto Antônio Rodrigues , Souza Juliana Cristina Martins de 
Published: September 2024

Este artigo é fruto das discussões ocorridas no âmbito do Curso Diversidade, gênero e sexualidade, ofertado em parceria com a Rede Mineira de Pesquisa em Educação, Saúde e Tecnologias. A abordagem teórica-conceitual de Educação em Sexualidade utilizada como base para o Curso foi a proposta pela UNESCO, que compreende a sexualidade de forma abrangente, possibilitando discussões mais amplas tais como: gênero e suas intersecções com outros marcadores sociais hierarquizantes como trabalho e classe; relações étnico-raciais; relações entre educação, práxis pedagógicas e sexualidade humana e as representações dos feminismos na contemporaneidade, dentre outras, apresentadas na primeira parte deste texto. Em seguida, apresentamos a estrutura curricular do Curso e os relatos de experiências das/os professoras/es cursistas, retirados do Memorial utilizado como atividade final do curso. As reflexões feitas pelas/os cursistas nos permitiram perceber que educar para a diversidade ainda é um desafio que deve ser superado com a formação permanente de professoras/es.