bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombophilia-Associated Factors in Patients with Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
Authors: Marom Niv , Koch Jonathan EJ. , Beer Yiftah , Ellis Martin , Ganot Gil , Nyska Meir , Maoz Guy , Hetsroni Iftach 
Published: January 2018

Objective To test whether patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) are characterized by abnormal levels of thrombophilia-associated factors. Design Twenty-five patients with SONK were recruited. Inclusion criteria were (1) age >40 years, (2) acute onset knee pain not precipitated by trauma, and (3) MRI findings consistent with SONK. Exclusion criteria were (1) history of cancer and chemotherapy and (2) factors associated with secondary osteonecrosis. Blood tests included 13 thrombophilia-associated factors that were either heritable mutations or acquired factors. Descriptive statistics included medians, ranges, means, and standard deviations. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare thrombophilia-associated factor levels between the sexes. Spearman’s rank test was used to test correlations between smoking status and each thrombophilia-associated factor. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results Median patient age was 62 years (range, 44-77 years). There were 16 (64%) men. Thirteen (52%) patients had thrombophilia-associated factor abnormalities of which 9 were elevated fibrinogen but this was less than 1 standard deviation above norm threshold. Other findings were 3 patients with marginally decreased antithrombin below norm threshold, low protein S Ag in only 1 patient, and factor V Leiden mutation heterozygosity in 2 patients, which was not higher than normal population prevalence. Thrombophilia-associated factors neither differed between sexes ( P = nonsignificant) nor correlated with smoking status ( P = nonsignificant). Conclusion Thrombophilia-associated factor abnormalities in patients with SONK were minimal. Therefore, clinical workup and treatment strategy in this disease should focus on addressing alternative etiologies leading to abnormal subchondral bone metabolism with focal osteopenia.
Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study
Authors: Gorostegi-Anduaga Ilargi , Corres Pablo , MartinezAguirre-Betolaza Aitor , Pérez-Asenjo Javier , Aispuru G Rodrigo , Fryer Simon M , Maldonado-Martín Sara 
Published: January 2018

Background Both exercise training and diet are recommended to prevent and control hypertension and overweight/obesity. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of different 16-week aerobic exercise programmes with hypocaloric diet on blood pressure, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and pharmacological treatment. Methods Overweight/obese, sedentary participants ( n = 175, aged 54.0 ± 8.2 years) with hypertension were randomly assigned into an attention control group (physical activity recommendations) or one of three supervised exercise groups (2 days/week: high-volume with 45 minutes of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-volume and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), alternating high and moderate intensities, and low-volume HIIT (20 minutes)). All variables were assessed pre- and post-intervention. All participants received the same hypocaloric diet. Results Following the intervention, there was a significant reduction in blood pressure and body mass in all groups with no between-group differences for blood pressure. However, body mass was significantly less reduced in the attention control group compared with all exercise groups (attention control –6.6%, high-volume MICT –8.3%, high-volume HIIT –9.7%, low-volume HIIT –6.9%). HIIT groups had significantly higher cardiorespiratory fitness than high-volume MICT, but there were no significant between-HIIT differences (attention control 16.4%, high-volume MICT 23.6%, high-volume HIIT 36.7%, low-volume HIIT 30.5%). Medication was removed in 7.6% and reduced in 37.7% of the participants. Conclusions The combination of hypocaloric diet with supervised aerobic exercise 2 days/week offers an optimal non-pharmacological tool in the management of blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight/obese and sedentary individuals with hypertension. High-volume HIIT seems to be better for reducing body mass compared with low-volume HIIT. The exercise-induced improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness is intensity dependent with low-volume HIIT as a time-efficient method in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT02283047.
Clinical implications of the BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
Authors: Kim Woon Won , Ha Tae Kwun , Bae Sung Kwon 
Published: January 2018

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the possible prognostics and clinicopathologic characteristics underlying the BRAFV600E mutation and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting or in absence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). Methods This study was conducted on 172 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy or unilateral total thyroidectomy for PTC; the patients were then examined for the BRAFV600E mutation using specimens obtained after their surgery from January 2013 to August 2015. Results BRAF mutations were found in 130 of 172 patients (75.6%). CLT was present in 27.9% of patients (48/172). The incidence of the BRAFV600E mutation was significantly increased in the group with no CLT ( P = 0.001). The findings of the multivariate analysis pertaining to the coexistence of CLT and PTC showed no significant correlation other than the BRAFV600E mutation. No significant difference was noted in the clinicopathologic factors between the two groups based on the coexistence of CLT in univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions The BRAFV600E mutation is less frequent in PTC coexisting with CLT presumably because CLT and the BRAFV600E mutation operate independently in the formation and progression of thyroid cancer.
MARSIPAN: management of really sick patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Robinson Paul , Rhys Jones William 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYAnorexia nervosa is a potentially fatal illness that affects women and a smaller proportion of men. When a patient becomes so severely ill that admission to a medical unit is required, the risk of a poor outcome is high. Most medical services do not have sufficient expertise, without psychiatric help, to manage the nutritional, medical, behavioural and family problems that often appear. These problems interact and this can adversely affect outcome. This article discusses, with reference to the MARSIPAN report, the procedure that should be followed when such a patient presents to an acute medical service. It considers diagnosis, risk assessment, consent, re-feeding syndrome, underfeeding syndrome and treatment-sabotaging behaviours. It stresses the importance of collaboration between expert medical and psychiatric staff, and involvement of the family. When these issues are adequately addressed, the outcome for the patient is more likely to be positive.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Be confident in diagnosing individuals with anorexia nervosa and identify when urgent in-patient medical treatment is required•Be confident in assessing and managing physical risk in individuals with anorexia nervosa•Be aware of the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ MARSIPAN report and its implications for the management of individuals with eating disorders in medical settingsDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Motivational interviewing: living up to its promise?
Authors: Luty Jason , Iwanowicz Maciej 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYMotivational interviewing is a form of psychotherapy in which ambivalence towards an aberrant behaviour is targeted. Rather than challenge the behaviour directly, the clinician encourages the patient to devise a list of problems that are caused by the behaviour and to identify solutions. There are many trials of motivational interviewing, although it has been most studied as treatment for substance misuse. The effect sizes for motivational interviewing are small, they probably diminish over time, the trials often use multiple outcome measures and the outcomes of some very large trials have been disappointing. Large effects are occasionally reported, although these tend to be from small trials conducted by highly motivated research groups and the results tend to diminish when the trials are repeated or enlarged. Nonetheless, motivational interviewing is a well-validated approach supporting and enabling engagement in therapeutic process. It could be argued that even though it might not be as efficacious as a primary/stand-alone means of changing patients’ behaviour, it can still be highly effective when combined with other approaches or used as a conduit to a more intensive therapy.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Gain a basic understanding of what motivational interviewing involves•Develop an awareness of the many therapeutic applications of motivational interviewing•Develop an awareness of the modest results of the very large field trials and the tendency for effect to diminish over timeDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Brain-stem serotonin transporter availability in maternal uniparental disomy and deletion Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Krishnadas Rajeev , Cooper Sally-Ann , Nicol Alice , Pimlott Sally , Soni Sarita , Holland Anthony J , McArthur Laura , Cavanagh Jonathan 
Published: January 2018

SummaryPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare condition because of the deletion of paternal chromosomal material (del PWS), or a maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD PWS), at 15q11-13. Affective psychosis is more prevalent in mUPD PWS. We investigated the relationship between the two PWS genetic variants and brain-stem serotonin transporter (5-HTT) availability in adult humans. Mean brain-stem 5-HTT availability determined by [123I]-beta-CIT single photon emission tomography was lower in eight adults with mUPD PWS compared with nine adults with del PWS (mean difference −0.93, t = −2.85, P = 0.014). Our findings confirm an association between PWS genotype and brain-stem 5-HTT availability, implicating a maternally expressed/paternally imprinted gene, that is likely to account for the difference in psychiatric phenotypes between the PWS variants.Declaration of interestNone.
Accuracy of the Whooley questions and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in identifying depression and other mental disorders in early pregnancy
Authors: Howard Louise Michele , Ryan Elizabeth G. , Trevillion Kylee , Anderson Fraser , Bick Debra , Bye Amanda , Byford Sarah , O'Connor Sheila , Sands Polly , Demilew Jill , Milgrom Jeannette , Pickles Andrew 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the prevalence and identification of antenatal mental disorders.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in early pregnancy and the diagnostic accuracy of depression-screening (Whooley) questions compared with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), against the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV-TR.MethodCross-sectional survey of women responding to Whooley questions asked at their first antenatal appointment. Women responding positively and a random sample of women responding negatively were invited to participate.ResultsPopulation prevalence was 27% (95% CI 22–32): 11% (95% CI 8–14) depression; 15% (95% CI 11–19) anxiety disorders; 2% (95% CI 1–4) obsessive–compulsive disorder; 0.8% (95% CI 0–1) post-traumatic stress disorder; 2% (95% CI 0.4–3) eating disorders; 0.3% (95% CI 0.1–1) bipolar disorder I, 0.3% (95% CI 0.1–1%) bipolar disorder II; 0.7% (95% CI 0–1) borderline personality disorder. For identification of depression, likelihood ratios were 8.2 (Whooley) and 9.8 (EPDS). Diagnostic accuracy was similar in identifying any disorder (likelihood ratios 5.8 and 6).ConclusionsEndorsement of Whooley questions in pregnancy indicates the need for a clinical assessment of diagnosis and could be implemented when maternity professionals have been appropriately trained on how to ask the questions sensitively, in settings where a clear referral and care pathway is available.Declaration of interestL.M.H. chaired the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence CG192 guidelines development group on antenatal and postnatal mental health in 2012–2014.
In the light of Bournewood
Authors: Kearney Norma , Treloar Adrian 
Published: January 2018

Aims and MethodA postal audit of practice in the South-East Thames Region of England before and after the Bournewood judgements.ResultsThere was a trebling in the rate of admission under section of elderly incapacitated patients occurred prior to the Houseof Lords' ruling. By the time of the ruling many consultants had not changed their practice. There is now, however, no impact of the ruling upon clinical practice. The majority of consultants remain concerned about the lack of safeguards for mentally incapacitated elders at the present time.Clinical ImplicationsAlthough the Bournewood judgement was expected by some to have a permanent impact upon the management of the mentally incapacitated this has not happened. There is a need for effective and resource efficient safeguards for the mentally incapacitated to be developed.
Admission patterns by psychiatric trainees
Authors: Shajahan Polash M. , McLntosh Andrew M. , Cavanagh Jonathan T. O. 
Published: January 2018

Aims and MethodsWe hypothesised that the increased admission rate for men with major mental illness may bethe result of men being preferentiallyadmitted by psychiatrists. A questionnaire survey was devisedand sent to all psychiatric trainees on the South-East Scotland rotation. The questionnaire contained a series of psychiatric vignettes representing conditions varying in severity of risk.ResultsSeventy-eight per cent responded to the questionnaire. Trainees were more likely to admit patients representing a greater degree of risk irrespective of the gender of the patient.Clinical ImplicationsThe increasing admission rates for men with major mental illness is unlikely to be due to admission bias by trainees.
Service innovations
Authors: Tomar Rahul , Brimblecombe Neil , O'Sullivan Geraldine 
Published: January 2018

Aims and MethodDemographic and clinical details were recorded for individuals with first-episode psychosis, potentially requiring hospital admission, who were assessed by two home treatment/crisis resolution teams over an 18-month period. The aims were to identify the proportion of such individuals that can be treated at home, factors associated with successful home treatment and reasons for hospitalisation when this took place.ResultsSuccessful home management was achieved in 20 (54%) of cases. No significant difference was found in any demographic variable, diagnostic category and initial Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) ratings between those who were hospitalised and those who were not. The most common reason recorded for admission was that of risk to self.Clinical ImplicationsMany patients with first-episode psychosis otherwise requiring hospitalisation can be managed successfully at home by an intensive home-treatment team. These findings have significant implications for both in-patient and community services, in view of the planned increases in home treatment/crisis resolution services proposed in the NHS Plan.
Does a daily consultant ward round affect the outcomes of orthopaedic patients?
Authors: Baryeh Kwaku W , Elliott David , Harb Ziad , Lisk Radcliffe 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: In the UK, more than 60 000 patients present with a fractured neck of femur each year. These patients represent a huge financial cost. This study looks at the 30-day readmissions and total length of hospital stay of patients presenting with a fractured neck of femur, as well as length of stay in non-hip fracture trauma patients, following the change to a daily consultant-led ward round. Methods: A total of 200 records of patients with fractured neck of femur were reviewed with data collected retrospectively and prospectively following the introduction of the daily consultant-led ward round. Readmissions were classed as patients who spent a period of time admitted to hospital. Those who only attended an emergency unit were not included. Reasons for readmission and length of readmission were reviewed as were the initial and total length of stay. The authors also evaluated the length of stay in trauma patients (non-hip fracture emergency admissions) for a period of 6 months before and 4 months after the new working model was introduced. Results: With the new working pattern, there was a reduction in the length of stay in those readmitted (13 vs 8 days), and the total length of stay of readmitted patients was also considerably lower (23 vs 13 days). In non-hip fracture trauma patients, there was a reduction in length of stay (8 vs 6 days). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that by adopting a daily orthopaedic consultant-led ward round, it is possible to reduce the length of stay for patients with a fractured neck of femur, both on initial and subsequent hospital admissions, as well reducing the length of stay for non-hip fracture trauma patients.
Densities of nitrate hydrates used as phase change materials
Authors: Danielik Vladimír , Szendreiová Dominika 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Temperature dependency of densities of the liquid system magnesium nitrate hexahydrate - zinc nitrate hexahydrate was measured. Densities of liquid mixtures were experimentally measured at different temperatures by a method using submersible corpuscle. Based on the obtained data, temperature dependence on the density was obtained. A model describing the density in the whole concentration range very well was created.
Influence of pre-treatment on zirconium based conversion coating on AA2024
Authors: Zemanová Matilda , Lokaj Ján , Karľová Mária , Madejová Jana 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A comparison of the influence of two alloy pre-treatments and temperature treatments on the formation and composition of zirconium based conversion coating on the AA2024 alloy has been performed. The investigation employed mass changes, atomic force microscopy (AFM), XRD dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and electrochemical tests by open circuit potential (OCP) measurements. Pre-treatment using only alkaline etching is called alkaline pre-treatment. When alkaline etching is followed by de-oxidization in a phosphoric acid solution the process is called acidic pre-treatment. Conversion coatings were formed in Pragokor BL. IR analysis revealed the formation of a phosphate on the alloy surface. EDX analysis showed Mg dissolution. The Zr content increased with the temperature of the conversion coating formation. Both pre-treatment methods provided a phosphate layer on the alloy surface.
Modelling of syngas production from municipal solid waste (MSW) for methanol synthesis
Authors: Šuhaj Patrik , Husár Jakub , Haydary Juma 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Approximately 1 300 Gt of municipal solid waste (MSW) are produced worldwide every year. Most of it is disposed of in landfills, which is very hazardous for the environment. Up to 10 % of produced MSW are incinerated. However, incineration is not very effective and requires specific conditions for preventing emissions. Gasification and pyrolysis are more effective processes which can be used not only for heat and electricity generation but also for fuel and valuable chemicals production. MSW can be transformed into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) which has higher heat of combustion. Synthesis gas produced by RDF gasification can be utilised in methanol production. Methanol is a very lucrative chemical which can be used as renewable liquid fuel or as a reagent in organic syntheses. Gasifier design and process optimisation can be done using a reliable mathematical model. A good model can significantly decrease the number of experiments necessary for the gasification process design. In this work, equilibrium model for RDF gasification was designed in Aspen Plus environment and the flow of oxygen and steam as gasification agents were optimised to achieve the highest theoretical methanol yield. Impact of the recycle of unreacted steam and produced tar on the methanol yield was evaluated. The highest theoretical methanol yield (0.629 kgMEOH/kgRDF) was achieved when the steam and tar recycle were switched on, the ratio between oxygen and RDF feed was 0.423 kg/kg and that between the steam and RDF feed was 0.606 kg/kg. In this case, fresh steam represented only 12 % of the total steam fed to the reactor, the rest consisted of recycled steam. Optimal gasifier temperature was 900 °C.
Thermal rate constants of beryllium clusters in gas phase
Authors: Matúška Ján , Sukuba Ivan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Formation and fragmentation of beryllium clusters up to 100 atoms were studied using molecular dynamics trajectory simulations. Association rate constants of a single Be atom attachment to Ben clusters, n = 2-20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100, and dissociation rate constants of these clusters were calculated directly. Dependence of the dissociation rate constants on temperature is strong and follows the Arrhenius equation. An analysis of the dissociation reactions has shown that beryllium clusters dissociate mainly into single Be atoms. The monomer association reaction depends weakly on temperature but strongly on the size of the cluster.
Hydrogen bonded homodimetallic compounds of the formula [M(H2O)5M(dipic)2]·2H2O, M = CoII or NiII and dipic = dipicolinate anion
Authors: Masárová Petra , Moncol Jan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Two homodimetallic dipicolinate compounds of the formulae [Co(H2O)5Co(dipic)2]·2H2O (1) and [Ni(H2O)5Ni(dipic)2]·2H2O (2) have been synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The prepared isostructural compounds consist of cationic {MO5O’}2+ and anionic {MN2O4}2- moieties, where CoII/CoII or NiII/NiII metal centers are connected together by bridging μ-carboxylate oxygen atoms from dipicolinate anions. H-bond interactions involving aqua ligands, dipicolinate oxygens and lattice solvent molecules stabilize the dimeric units by linking them into 3-D polymeric networks.
Axial profiles of heat transfer coefficients in a liquid film evaporator
Authors: Pavel Timár , Ján Stopka , Vladimír Báleš 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Regeneration is the most efficient way of managing used oil. It saves money by preventing costly clean-ups and liabilities associated with mismanagement of used oil and it also helps to protect the environment. A numerical study of the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of the vertical evaporating tube with the films flowing down on both the inside and the outside tube surfaces has been carried out. Condensation occurs along the outside wall surface and evaporation at the free surface of the inside film. The calculation domain of two film flow regions and tube wall is solved simultaneously. The longitudinal variation of temperature, mass flow rate, and hence the thickness of the films downward the tube can be obtained by applying conservation of the energy requirement to the differential element.
Crystallographic characterization of a novel spiro-[chroman-chromene]-carboxylate
Authors: Vrábel Viktor , Sivý Július , Švorc Ľubomír , Světlík Jan , Marchalín Štefan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We report here the crystal and electronic structure of a new spiro-derivative, namely methyl (2R,4S)- 4-(benzothiazol-2-ylamino)-8,8´-dimethoxyspiro[chroman-2,2´-chromene]-3´-carboxylate (I), C28H24N2O6S, which crystallizes as racemate in the space group C2/c. In this compound, the chromanone moiety consists of a benzene ring fused with a six-membered heterocyclic ring which adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. The molecules are linked by a combination of N-H∙∙∙N hydrogen bonds and weak C-H∙∙∙O, C-H∙∙∙S, C-H∙∙∙ π, inter- and intra-molecular interactions resulting in a two-dimensional network in the crystal structure.