bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efectos de las actividades de labranza en el índice de área foliar en una plantación de Tectona grandis en la zona norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde Juan Carlos , Guevara-Bonilla Mario , Arias Dagoberto , Briceño Elemer , Esquivel Edwin 
Published: September 2017

Tectona grandis es una de las especies más utilizadas en los proyectos de reforestación en Costa Rica y ha sido plantada en sitios con problemas de capas adensadas en el perfil del suelo que retrasan el crecimiento de las plantaciones; por esta razón se hace necesario el desarrollo de actividades de labranza que mejoren las condiciones del suelo y favorezcan la productividad. En el presente estudio se evaluaron los efectos en el diámetro, altura total e índice de área foliar (IAF) de ocho tratamientos de labranza (testigo, testigo con dolomita, labrado con uno, tres y cinco cinceles tanto a 25 cm como a 40 cm de profundidad en combinación con dolomita) aplicados durante 2013 en una plantación de T. grandis. Tres años después de la labranza, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el diámetro y en altura de los árboles (en promedio 11,74 cm y 11,1 m respectivamente). En cambio, el IAF mostró la formación de dos agrupaciones de tratamientos, una conformada por el testigo y testigo con dolomita y otra por individuos con suelo labrado. La primera agrupación presentó IAF menores a 3,80 m2 m-2, con correlaciones de IAF-altura inferiores a 15% y modelos alométricos con errores estándar altos; esto se debió a la heterogeneidad de los individuos causada por el estrés generado por las condiciones de compactación en el suelo. En contraste, los individuos con suelo labrado presentaron IAF superiores a 4,5 m2 m-2, con correlaciones de IAF-altura superiores a 56% y modelos alométricos con errores estándar menores a 0,20; el aumento se atribuye al proceso de reactivación del crecimiento de los individuos producto del mejoramiento en las propiedades del suelo.
PENENTUAN KADAR FENOL DALAM AIR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR FENOL
Authors: Tyas Aulia Ayuning , Aini Zuhrotul , Wari Wulan Sekilas 
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum serta penggunaan sensor fenol dalam menentukan kadar fenol dalam air. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat sensor fenol menggunakan Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) yang dilapisi dengan membran kitosan yang telah diembankan ionofor CTAPh (Cethyltrimethylammonium phenoxide). Kinerja sensor fenol diamati pada berbagai variasi konsentrasi ionofor, ketebalan membran dan pH larutan. Konsentrasi ionofor yang dipelajari adalah 0,5%; 1%;1,5%; 2%; dan 2,5%. Ketebalan membran diatur pada ketebalan 60µ m, 80µ m, 100µ m,110µ m. Larutan fenol dikondisikan pada pH 9, 10, 11, 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja sensor fenol optimum pada konsentrasi 1,5%, ketebalan membran 60µ m, dan pH larutan 11. Sensor fenol yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini memiliki bilangan Nernst sebesar 54,437mV/dekade, kisaran konsentrasi 10-8-10-5M (0,001-1ppm), kosentrasi terkecil yang digunakan 0,001 ppm dan waktu respon 60 detik. Sensor fenol dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar fenol dalam sampel air dengan kadar dibawah batas deteksi metode standar.Kata kunci: elektroda selektif ion, ionofor, Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE), sensor fenol
As contribuições do movimento quilombola para a construção de uma proposta de educação específica
Authors: Moreira Agda Marina Ferreira , Brito José Eustáquio de 
Published: August 2017

Os processos educativos e de formação político-identitários reproduzidos no interior de cada comunidade remanescente de quilombo, juntamente com as experiências advindas dos movimentos sociais quilombolas, são aspectos indispensáveis na discussão de implementação de uma modalidade escolar quilombola. Partindo de um estudo de caso, apresentaremos resultados das observações oriundas da comunidade quilombola de Carrapatos da Tabatinga e do movimento quilombola mineiro, bem como da pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado em Educação e da trajetória profissional na ONG Cedefes e na N’Golo. Para tanto, utilizamos por método a observação participantes, além de trechos de entrevistas centradas no problema, realizadas no campo de pesquisa. Dentreos resultados apresentados, buscaremos enfatizar as formas de se educar construídas nas trocas cotidianas e nas interações com as mobilizações políticas, sendo ambas importantes produtoras de pedagogias próprias, que se relacionam diretamente às reinvindicações e aos aspectos tradicionais presentes nas comunidades quilombolas, sendo parte de uma cosmovisão africana. Em constante diálogo, comunidades e movimento nos instigam a reconhecer formas alternativas de formação de sujeitos engajados, que se reconhecem enquanto quilombolas e que são responsáveis diretos pela preservação dos saberes-fazeres construídos nos espaços de suas respectivas comunidades.
The Charismatic Cultural Life of Cybernetics: Reading Norbert Wiener as Visible Scientist
Authors: Hamilton Sheryl N. 
Published: August 2017

Background Despite cybernetics’ short, incandescent life as a scientific knowledge, it has had an enduring cultural legacy.Analysis This article reads Norbert Wiener, the “father of cybernetics,” as a visible scientist, through an analysis of his media profile, in order to explore cybernetics as a popular culture phenomenon in the United States in the late 1940s and the 1950s.Conclusion and implications Cybernetics emerges in the post-WWII era as a charismatic knowledge whose aura of wonder and future possibility shapes our interpretation of computing technology to this day.
Espejismo en el desierto: las fallas en la primera fase de la intervención estadounidense en Irak
Authors: Cabarcas Fabio Sánchez 
Published: August 2017

La intervención estadounidense en Irak desde 2003 constituye uno de sus últimos desafíos en su política exterior. Bajo un marcado unilateralismo y sin el aval de la ONU, la Administración de G. W. Bush decidió invadir a un actor fundamental en el equilibrio de poder de Oriente Medio. Su lucha contra el terrorismo internacional ocasionó resultados adversos en Irak: crecimiento de la insurgencia y el fundamentalismo, fallas administrativas en la reconstrucción (ORHA y APC) y acciones militares en contra de la población civil en un enfrentamiento irregular. Estos factores evidencian una política errónea de Washington hacia ese país y la región.
The Concept of “Indirect Expropriation”, its appearance in the international system and its effects in the regulatory activity of governments
Authors: Barklem Courtenay , Ríos Enrique Alberto Prieto 
Published: August 2017

The protection of an alien’s property in a host country against direct expropriation has long existed in the international arena. Examples of direct expropriation include nationalization, physical seizure of assets or legislated transfer of assets to the state. However such physical takings are no longer common practice. Nowadays, expropriation comes mainly in the form of “indirect expropriation”: acts and steps taken by governments which interfere with the right to the property or diminish the value of the property.This paper explores the most relevant antecedents of the concept of indirect expropriation, its appearance in the international system, the inclusion in BITs and Investment Chapters of FTAs, and the effect that the concept is having on the regulatory activity of governments
A Book Review "خارج السرب: بحث في النسوية الإسلامية الرافضة وإغراءات الحرية"
Authors: Mohamad Al Haresi Jukhat Bent 
Published: August 2017

This is a book Review of خارج السرب: بحث في النسوية الإسلامية الرافضة وإغراءات الحريةتأليف: فهمي جدعان
Revue de Littérature Comparée: tomo 24 (1950), tomo 25 (1951), tomo 26 (1952), tomo 27 (1953), tomo 28 (1954).
Authors: Speratti-Piñero Emma Susana , Alatorre Antonio 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Revue de Littérature Comparée: tomo 24 (1950), tomo 25 (1951), tomo 26 (1952), tomo 27 (1953), tomo 28 (1954).
Fotografi adalah Seni: Sanggahan terhadap Analisis Roger Scruton mengenai Keabsahan Nilai Seni dari Sebuah Foto
Authors: Susanto Andreas Arie 
Published: August 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyanggah argumentasi Roger Scruton mengenai keabsahan nilai seni dari sebuah foto. Scruton berpendapat bahwa fotografi bukanlah karya seni. Fotografi hanyalah sebuah tindakan mekanis dalam menghasilkan suatu gambar, bukan representasi melainkan hanyalah peristiwa kausal, bukan gambaran imajinasi, tetapi hanya kopian. Fotografi mengandaikan adanya kemudahan dalam penciptaan seni. Pernyataan Scruton semakin dikuatkan dengan fenomena perkembangan teknologi yang sudah melupakan sisi estetis dan hanya berpasrah sepenuhnya pada tindakan mesin. Penekanan berlebihan terhadap keunggulan reduplikasi, proses instan, dan otomatisasi fotografi membuat fotografi kehilangan tempatnya di dunia seni. Akan tetapi, persoalan seni adalah persoalan rasa. Fotografi tetaplah sebuah seni dengan melihat adanya relasi intensional yang tercipta antara objek dan seorang fotografer dalam sebuah foto. Relasi intensional ini tercermin dalam proses, imajinasi, dan kreativitas fotografer di dalam menghasilkan sebuah foto. Lukisan dan fotografi adalah seni menurut rasanya masing-masing. Photography is an Art: A Disaproval towards Roger Scruton's Analysis on the Legitimacy of Art Value of a Photograph. This paper aims to disprove Roger Scruton's argument about the validity of the artistic value of a photograph. Scruton argues that photography is not a work of art. Photography is simply a mechanical action in producing a picture, not a representation but merely a causal event, not an imaginary image, but only a copy. Photography presupposes the ease of art creation. Scruton's statement is further reinforced by the phenomenon of technological development that has forgotten the aesthetic side and only entirely devoted to the action of the machine. The excessive emphasis on the benefits of reduplication, instant processing, and photographic automation makes photography lose its place in the art world. However, the issue of art is a matter of taste. Photography remains an art by seeing the intense relationships created between an object and a photographer in a photograph. This intense relationship is reflected in the process, imagination, and creativity of the photographer in producing a photograph. Painting and photography are arts according to their own taste.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Azevedo Ramiro Corrêa 
Published: August 2017

A Contemporaneidade caracteriza-se, seguramente, pela dicotomia velocidade e abrangência. Principalmente, quando se trata do processo comunicativo, envolvendo uma quantidade numerosa de público. Este é o caso da nossa Revista CEUMA Perspectivas online, destinada au grand publique discente, docente e comunitário.As conquistas culturais, mormente as de cunho epistemológico, devem ser configuradas e expressas na dinâmica do mundo globalizado, no Leitmotiv da praticidade, disponibilidade, acesso veloz, funcional e competente. Deste modo, a Universidade CEUMA está investindo em ambos os tipos comunicativos, o impresso e o eletrônico, cujo alvo é a instantaneidade da informação e a funcionalidade da pesquisa científica.Sob difusão local, nacional e internacional, a Revista CEUMA Perspectivas alcançará um público leitor mais amplo, mais cosmopolita e mais diversificado. Com o periódico no formato eletrônico, os pesquisadores irão dispor de amplo espectro informativo. A pesquisa, portanto, encontrará, nesse veículo científico, um caminho dinâmico, em dias com o progresso da mídia digital.Nesse caminho, a Universidade CEUMA publica, ainda, a Revista de Investigação Biomédica no formato eletrônico, além de disponibilizar material bibliográfico da Pearson e da Editora Saraiva, bem como o acesso ao Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, entre outros.Desta forma, atuando na dinâmica comunicativa, científica e artística, a Universidade CEUMA participa do seu lema cultural e humanístico, que é o de bem servir o Maranhão, o Brasil e o mundo.
Efficient Skipping of Single Exon Duplications in DMD Patient-Derived Cell Lines Using an Antisense Oligonucleotide Approach
Authors: Wein Nicolas , Vulin Adeline , Findlay Andrew R. , Gumienny Felecia , Huang Nianyuan , Wilton Steve D. , Flanigan Kevin M. 
Published: August 2017

Background: Exon skipping strategies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have largely been directed toward altering splicing of exons flanking out-of-frame deletions, with the goal of restoring an open mRNA reading frame that leads to production of an internally deleted but partially functional dystrophin protein. Objective: We sought to apply exon skipping to duplication mutations, assuming that the inherently limited efficiency of antisense oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping would more frequently skip a single copy of a duplicated exon, rather than both and result in significant amounts of wild-type DMD mRNA. Methods: We tested this hypothesis in fibroblast cell lines derived from patients with a variety of single or multiple exon duplications that have been modified to allow transdifferentiation into a myogenic lineage. Results: Using a variety of 2’O-methyl antisense oligonucleotides, significant skipping was induced for each duplication leading to a wild-type transcript as a major mRNA product. Conclusions: This study provides another proof of concept for the feasibility of therapeutic skipping in patients carrying exon duplications in order to express wild-type, full-length mRNA, although careful evaluation of the skipping efficiency should be performed as some exons are easier to skip than others. Such a personalized strategy is expected to be highly beneficial for this subset of DMD patients, compared to inducing expression of an internally-deleted dystrophin.
Flood and landslide warning based on rainfall thresholds and soil moisture indexes: the HEWS (Hydrohazards Early Warning System) for Sicily
Authors: Brigandì Giuseppina , Aronica Giuseppe Tito , Bonaccorso Brunella , Gueli Roberto , Basile Giuseppe 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The main focus of the paper is to present a flood and landslide early warning system, named HEWS (Hydrohazards Early Warning System), specifically developed for the Civil Protection Department of Sicily, based on the combined use of rainfall thresholds, soil moisture modelling and quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF). The warning system is referred to 9 different Alert Zones in which Sicily has been divided into and based on a threshold system of three different increasing critical levels: ordinary, moderate and high. In this system, for early flood warning, a Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) model provides daily soil moisture conditions, which allow to select a specific set of three rainfall thresholds, one for each critical level considered, to be used for issue the alert bulletin. Wetness indexes, representative of the soil moisture conditions of a catchment, are calculated using a simple, spatially-lumped rainfall–streamflow model, based on the SCS-CN method, and on the unit hydrograph approach, that require daily observed and/or predicted rainfall, and temperature data as input. For the calibration of this model daily continuous time series of rainfall, streamflow and air temperature data are used. An event based lumped rainfall–runoff model has been, instead, used for the derivation of the rainfall thresholds for each catchment in Sicily characterised by an area larger than 50 km2. In particular, a Kinematic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph based lumped rainfall–runoff model with the SCS-CN routine for net rainfall was developed for this purpose. For rainfall-induced shallow landslide warning, empirical rainfall thresholds provided by Gariano et al. (2015) have been included in the system. They were derived on an empirical basis starting from a catalogue of 265 shallow landslides in Sicily in the period 2002–2012. Finally, Delft-FEWS operational forecasting platform has been applied to link input data, SMA model and rainfall threshold models to produce warning on a daily basis for the entire region.
Review of the cicada genus Paharia Distant (Hemiptera, Cicadidae), with the description of a new species and its allied species
Authors: Wang Xu , Duffels Joannes P. , Wei Cong 
Published: September 2017

The genus Paharia Distant, 1905 is reviewed based on the description of a new species, Paharia oorschoti sp. nov., and redescription of the allied Paharia putoni (Distant, 1892), both from Turkey. The relationships among Paharia, Subpsaltria Chen, 1943 and Tibicina Kolenati, 1857 of the tribe Tibicinini Distant, 1905 are discussed. The morphology of the exuviae of Pa. oorschoti sp. nov. and S. yangi Chen, 1943 is described and compared. Tibicina insidiosa Boulard, 1977 is transferred to Paharia to become Paharia insidiosa comb. nov. A key to all species of Paharia is provided.
Does Baseline Hemoglobin A1c Level Predict Diabetic Foot Ulcer Outcome or Wound Healing Time?
Authors: Vella Lourdes , Gatt Alfred , Formosa Cynthia 
Published: September 2017

Background:
We sought to evaluate the relationship between baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and clinical outcomes, including foot ulcer outcome (resolved versus unresolved) and wound-healing time, in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted on 99 patients presenting with a diabetic foot ulceration. Patient and ulcer characteristics were recorded. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 1 year.

Results:
After 1 year of follow-up, 77% of ulcers healed and 23% did not heal. Although this study demonstrated that the baseline HbA1c reading was not a significant predictor of foot ulcer outcome (P = .603, resolved versus amputated), on further statistical analyses, when HbA1c was compared with the time taken for complete ulcer healing in the resolved group (n = 77), it proved to be significant (P = .009).

Conclusions:
These findings have important implications for clinical practice, especially in an outpatient setting. Improving glycemic control may improve ulcer outcomes. Prediction of outcome may be helpful for health-care professionals in individualizing and optimizing clinical assessment and management of patients. Identification of determinants of outcome could result in improved health outcomes, improved quality of life, and fewer diabetes-related foot complications.
Is nitrogen the next carbon?
Authors: Battye William , Aneja Viney P. , Schlesinger William H. 
Published: August 2017

Key PointsThe rapid growth of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen production now makes it unquestionably dominant relative to the total of natural sourcesAnthropogenic production of reactive nitrogen has increased almost five‐fold in the last 60 years.This anthropogenic activity is a massive perturbation of a global geochemical cycle in a relatively short period of time.
Frictional properties of JFAST core samples and implications for slow earthquakes at the Tohoku subduction zone
Authors: Sawai Michiyo , Niemeijer André R. , Hirose Takehiro , Spiers Christopher J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSlow earthquakes occur in the shallow (<20 km deep) part of the Tohoku subduction zone. To understand how frictional properties of the plate boundary fault affect the generation of these slow earthquakes, we conducted friction experiments using borehole samples retrieved from the plate boundary décollement and footwall during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 (Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (JFAST)). The plate boundary fault material exhibits a transition from velocity‐strengthening to velocity‐weakening behavior at temperatures between 50 and 150°C, which, in the framework of rate‐and‐state friction laws, is a necessary condition for the generation of slow earthquakes, whereas the footwall sample mainly shows velocity‐strengthening behavior except at temperatures of <50°C. The downdip temperature limit of slow earthquakes in the Japan Trench also lies between 100 and 150°C. Our results suggest that the frictional properties of the plate boundary fault may play a key role in controlling the locations of observed slow earthquakes.
What are the contemporary sources of sediment in the Mississippi River?
Authors: Hassan M. A. , Roberge L. , Church M. , More M. , Donner S. D. , Leach J. , Ali K. F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWithin the last two centuries, the Mississippi River basin has been transformed by changes in land use practices, dam construction, and training of the rivers for navigation. Here we analyze the contemporary patterns of fluvial sediment yield in the Mississippi River basin using all available data in order to assess the influence of regional land condition on the variation of sediment yield within the basin. We develop regional‐scale relations between specific sediment yield (yield per unit area) and drainage area to reveal contemporary regional sediment yield patterns and source areas of riverine sediments. Extensive upland erosion before the development of soil conservation practices exported large amounts of sediment to the valleys and floodplains. We show that sediment today is sourced primarily along the river valleys from arable land, and from stream bank and channel erosion, with sediment yields from areas dominated by arable land 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of grassland dominated areas. Comparison with the “T factor,” a commonly quoted measure of agricultural soil resilience suggests that the latter may not reflect contemporary soil loss from the landscape.
Relative surface wave amplitude and phase anomalies from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea announced nuclear tests
Authors: Ichinose G. A. , Myers S. C. , Ford S. R. , Pasyanos M. E. , Walter W. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe performed relative locations of six event pairs based on surface wave (SW) and body wave (BW) differential traveltimes of the 9 September 2016, 6 January 2016, 12 February 2013, and 25 May 2009 announced North Korea nuclear explosions. The SW relative locations for the 25 May 2009 and 12 February 2013 events were inconsistent with the BWs when paired with other events, and only the 6 January 2016/9 September 2016 pair was consistent. Apparent SW phase shift is investigated with respect to the BW relative locations. The pairs formed with the 25 May 2009 and 12 February 2013 events, beneath the southeast slope of Mount Mant'ap, have the largest phase shifts and amplitude ratio deviations, whereas the least deviation was from the 6 January 2016 and 9 September 2016 event pair beneath the mountain peak. Regional moment tensors (MTs) predict the amplitude ratios but do not resolve the relative phase. We find that MTs with 10% difference in isotropic and rotated +CLVD can fit both relative phase and amplitude ratios. SW relative locations of highly isotropic and correlated explosion clusters can be affected by topography and small differences in MT.
Creep and slip: Seismic precursors to the Nuugaatsiaq landslide (Greenland)
Authors: Poli Piero 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrecursory signals to material's failure are predicted by numerical models and observed in laboratory experiments or using field data. These precursory signals are a marker of slip acceleration on weak regions, such as crustal faults. Observation of these precursory signals of catastrophic natural events, such as earthquakes and landslides, is necessary for improving our knowledge about the physics of the nucleation process. Furthermore, observing such precursory signals may help to forecast these catastrophic events or reduce their hazard. I report here the observation of seismic precursors to the Nuugaatsiaq landslide in Greenland. Time evolution of the detected precursors implies that an aseismic slip event is taking place for hours before the landslide, with an exponential increase of slip velocity. Furthermore, time evolution of the precursory signals' amplitude sheds light on the evolution of the fault physics during the nucleation process.