bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La tourmente arabe
Authors: Kepel Gilles 
Published: May 2016

Au plus près des développements récents, mais nourri d’une intime connaissance des mouvements qui animent le monde arabe depuis l’espoir de la renaissance, la nadha , jusqu’à l’échec du panarabisme et la défaite de la plupart des révolutions démocratiques commencées en 2011, Gilles Kepel brosse ici une vaste fresque qui éclaire la complexité de l’échiquier sur lequel se déploie la fitna, la guerre au sein de l’islam, qui n’oppose pas seulement sunnites et chiites, mais aussi, au sein du monde sunnite, les radicaux et les partisans d’une nécessaire relecture des textes, les Frères musulmans et les salafistes, les salafistes saoudiens et Daech, la nouvelle menace. Un échiquier sur lequel interviennent États et acteurs non étatiques arabes, classes et clans, mais aussi des puissances régionales non arabes, Turquie et Iran, et des puissances extérieures, États-Unis, Russie, États européens. Dans ce contexte, moteur de mouvements massifs de réfugiés vers l’Europe, ciblée par des attentats visant, en interne, ce que Daech appelle le « ventre mou de l’Occident », aucun projet mobilisateur ne dessine pour l’heure une sortie par le haut, ni au Moyen-Orient, ni en Europe, où les courants islamophobes se renforcent.
Le cyberespace, troisième front de la lutte contre Daech
Authors: Douzet Frédérick 
Published: May 2016

Par une stratégie brillante d’exploitation des ressources du cyberespace, Daech a réussi à délivrer sa propagande à un large public, contrôler l’agenda médiatique, recruter de nouveaux adeptes, organiser leurs mouvements et coordonner ses actions. L’organisation utilise les coins sombres du cyberespace, ses ressources technologiques et ses flous juridiques, pour échapper aux armées et forces de l’ordre avec un remarquable savoir-faire. Cet article explore l’extrême complexité de la lutte contre Daech via le cyberespace et propose une méthodologie expérimentale pour apporter une première contribution à la compréhension de la géographie de la propagande dans le cyberespace, en lien avec le territoire.
On the geoelectric structure of the Sphinx Area in Egypt
Authors: Barsukov Pavel O. , Fainberg Eduard B. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA three‐dimensional model of the electrical resistivity of rocks to a depth of 150 m in the Sphinx and the Pyramid of Khephren (Giza, Egypt) area was built using the results of transient electromagnetic soundings. The technology of the soundings, the data processing, and the design of the media’s model as a result of three‐dimensional block inversion are described. The boundary of the Paleogene limestones that form the plateau of the pyramids and the underlying structure of the folded Cretaceous are defined based on geological interpretation.The created plateau model indicated the thickness of the slightly inclined Mokattam limestones varied from 25 m to 150 m within a 1000 × 300 m2 area. Such intense changes in the limestone subface’s altitudes were controlled by the folded structure of the underlying Cretaceous carbonates. Cretaceous carbonates show low electrical resistivity, which is typical for fractured rocks saturated with saline water. Dense Mokattam limestone blocks are broken by water‐saturated zones with sub‐vertical faults in the southwest–northeast direction. The electrical resistivity in the carbonate surface layer, which lies at the base of the pyramids and Sphinx, is heterogeneous with a composition that depends on the clay content and presence of halite.
Multi‐geophysical approach for the better understanding and characterization of subsurface structures
Authors: Lu De‐Bao , Zhou Qi‐You , Dong Jin‐Yi , Zhang Zhong‐San 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTUnderstanding and characterizing subsurface structures is challenging, especially when the objective is to investigate sites for nuclear waste disposal. This paper presents a multi‐geophysical approach for subsurface experimental investigations in which seismic data are used to improve electrical resistivity tomography quality. Different synthetic models ranging from simple to complex were created to quantitatively demonstrate the improvements enabled by the use of this strategy. Moreover, the scheme was tested at Beishan, a candidate site for the disposal of high‐level radioactive waste in northwestern China. The results show that the combination of geophysical data sources improves the interpretation of the subsurface over a single source. The root‐mean‐square level and runtime were found to rapidly decrease when using the proposed scheme.
<b><i>Es kommt net raus</i>: redes sociais, manutenção linguística e identidades dos falantes de Hunsrückisch de Santa Maria do Herval-RS
Authors: Kersch Dorotea Frank 
Published: May 2016

Após mais de 190 anos de imigração, em algumas regiões do sul do Brasil, principalmente em pequenas cidades e áreas rurais, os moradores ainda têm línguas de imigração como língua materna. Este estudo foi desenvolvido numa pequena cidade situada ao pé da serra gaúcha, com cerca de 6.000 habitantes, cuja população, em sua maioria, é bilíngue português e Hunsrückisch, uma variedade desprestigiada do alemão. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o papel das redes sociais no processo de manutenção ou substituição da língua materna minoritária e as questões de identidade decorrentes dele. O relativo abandono a que a comunidade esteve submetida há até pouco tempo parece haver contribuído para sua organização multiplex, o que levou à manutenção linguística. Com a crescente urbanização, o acesso amplo aos meios de comunicação – televisão, telefone e internet –, essa realidade tende a mudar, transformando a cultura eminentemente rural em urbana, o que também impactará fortemente a língua falada ali.
Phase-Variable Heptose I Glycan Extensions Modulate Efficacy of 2C7 Vaccine Antibody Directed against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipooligosaccharide
Authors: Chakraborti Srinjoy , Lewis Lisa A. , Cox Andrew D. , St. Michael Frank , Li Jianjun , Rice Peter A. , Ram Sanjay 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhea, has developed resistance to most conventional antibiotics. Safe and effective vaccines against gonorrhea are needed urgently. A candidate vaccine that targets a lipooligosaccharide (LOS) epitope recognized mAb 2C7 attenuates gonococcal burden in the mouse vaginal colonization model. Glycan extensions from the LOS core heptoses (HepI and HepII) are controlled by phase-variable LOS glycosyltransferase (lgt) genes; we sought to define how HepI glycan extensions affect mAb 2C7 function. Isogenic gonococcal mutants in which the lgt required for mAb 2C7 reactivity (lgtG) was genetically locked on and the lgt loci required for HepI variation (lgtA, lgtC, and lgtD) were genetically locked on or off in different combinations were created. We observed 100% complement-dependent killing by mAb 2C7 of a mutant that expressed lactose (Gal-Glc) from HepI, whereas a mutant that expressed Gal-Gal-Glc-HepI fully resisted killing (&gt;100% survival). Mutants that elaborated 4- (Gal-GlcNAc-Gal-Glc-HepI) and 5-glycan (GalNAc-Gal-GlcNAc-Gal-Glc-HepI) structures displayed intermediate phenotypes (&lt;50% killing with 2 μg/ml and &gt;95% killing with 4 μg/ml mAb 2C7). The contrasting phenotypes of the lactose-HepI and the Gal-Gal-Glc-HepI LOS structures were recapitulated with phase variants of a recently isolated clinical strain. Despite lack of killing of the Gal-Gal-Glc-HepI mutants, mAb 2C7 deposited sufficient C3 on these bacteria for opsonophagocytic killing by human neutrophils. In conclusion, mAb 2C7 showed functional activity against all gonococcal HepI LOS structures defined by various lgtA/C/D on/off combinations, thereby providing further impetus for use of the 2C7 epitope in a gonococcal vaccine.
Adaption of Functional Ceramic Materials for the Laser Sintering Process in Integrated Sensor Applications
Authors: Gradmann Rena , Seuthe Thomas , Vedder Christian , Eberstein Markus , Partsch Uwe 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The ceramic thick-film technology allows the build-up of miniaturised and robust integrated multilayer-circuits and sensors by means of sequential screen-printing and firing of different functional materials. However, the manufacturing of integrated electronics does not succeed if the components are temperature sensitive or too large for the process in a sintering furnace. At present, large components like wind power rotors, axles or roller bearings are monitored by vulnerable hybrid sensor systems. In order to implement the advantages of integrated devices, like the direct surface contact and the high thermomechanical stability, functional ceramic-based materials are adapted or newly developed to accommodate the needs of laser sintering techniques of printed sensor layers on structural components. In a first approach, screen printed thick films on steel components are investigated. The defect-free densification of functional layers crucially depends on the particular material composition in combination with adapted laser treatment. A first generation of functional layers is presented, comprising isolating, conductive, and resistive electrical materials. The films are tested in demonstrator setups and show functional properties comparable to those of the furnace sintering technology. Future aspects of material optimization and the adaption to specific application requirements will be discussed.
Wire-bondable multilayer ceramic capacitors
Authors: Gu Yan , Feng Yilong , Yang Junfeng , Liu Zhifu , Zhuang Tong , Li Yongxiang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The development of small, smart, high working frequency and robust electronic system derives the development of new packaging technology. Much work has been done to integrate the passive components in 3D through embedding and wire bonding connection to reduce the volume of the electronic parts. Thus, there is emerging needs of small size, thin, wire-bondable passive components which can be embedded in the circuit boards. In this work, the wire-bondable multilayer ceramic capacitors have been developed using a modified MLCCs process. The terminal electrodes of the capacitors were introduced to the top and bottom surface using vertical inner electrodes. The reliability of the capacitors could be improved by applying cold isostatic pressing before sintering. A series of wire-bondable capacitors with capacitance of 5~100 nF were developed.
Sensor stack for Tian-Calvet Calorimeter made in LTCC-Technology
Authors: Schubert Franz , Kita Jaroslaw , Gollner Michael , Linseis Florian , Moos Ralf 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe paper presents the construction and first tests of a new sensor stack for a Tian-Calvet Calorimeter made in LTCC Technology. In contrast to typical construction where wired thermocouples are directly connected, the here-presented solution replaces wired thermocouples by screen-printed thick-film thermocouples placed on a structured disc made of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC). The advantage of screen-printed thermocouples is the ease of integration of them into thick-film hybrid structures, and to simplify the device setup. Moreover, using thermocouples integrated into a ceramic disc can increase the sensitivity of the system and simultaneously reduce the production costs.The paper shows the design and fabrication of the sensor stacks. It consists of several LTCC discs and ceramic spacers. On each LTCC disc, 34 Au/Pt thermocouples were deposited. The design of the disc was supported by FEM-modelling under consideration of device specific requirements. The very initial measurements, which we conducted using two sensor stacks already exhibited a sensitivity of 8 μV/mW, which is more than satisfactory in this stage of development.
Design of a Low Inductance Power Module Based on Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic
Authors: Dutta Atanu , Ang Simon S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Efficient, compact, and reliable power electronic modules are building blocks of modern day power electronic systems. In recent times, wide bandgap semiconductor devices, such as, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), are widely investigated and used in the power electronic modules to realize power dense, highly efficient, and fast switching modules for various applications. For high power applications is it required to parallel and series several devices to achieve high current and high voltage specifications, which results in larger current conducting traces. One of the major obstacles in using these wideband gap power semiconductor devices are the internal module stray inductance that is associated with these current conducting traces. With increasing demand for higher switching frequency, the internal module parasitic inductance must be reduced to as minimum as possible in order to utilize the full potential of the wide bandgap devices. A multi-layer approach of low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) to package the wide bandgap devices is investigated. The multi-layer design freedom by using LTCC can be utilized to reduce the footprint of the overall power module, electrical interconnects, hence, reducing the package parasitic inductance. LTCC also facilitates high temperature operations and has a coefficient of thermal expansion matching with wide bandgap devices. In this paper, we report on a LTCC based power module design where LTCC is utilized as an isolation layer between the source and the drain of the power devices. A simulation based parasitic inductance analysis and electro-thermal-mechanical study is performed using ANSYS Workbench Tools to investigate the feasibility of this LTCC based design.
Advanced DBC - Highly Reliable and Conductive Copper Ceramic Substrates
Authors: Gundel Paul , Miric Anton , Herbst Kai , Bawohl Melanie , Reitz Jessica , Modes Christina , Zier Gabriel , Nikolaidis Ilias , Challingsworth Mark 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
So far Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) substrates have been the standard for power electronics. They provide excellent electrical and thermal conductivity at low cost. Weaknesses of DBC technology are the inevitable warpage and the relatively low reliability under thermal cycling. The low reliability poses a significant hurdle in particular for automotive applications with high lifetime requirements. Thick Print Copper (TPC) substrates with low warpage and excellent reliability overcome these weaknesses, but also provide a reduced conductivity at a higher cost. We present two thick-film/DBC hybrid technologies which combine the best properties of DBC and TPC: excellent conductivity, low cost, reduced warpage and excellent reliability.
Fabrication of LTCC Micro-fluidic Devices For Wireless Lab-On-A-Chip Applications
Authors: Amar Achraf Ben , Amor Houssem Eddine , Cao Hung , Kouki Ammar B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) based microfluidic sensors have been developed for biomedical and environmental sensing systems. This paper introduces a microfluidic chamber based on impedance spectroscopy measurements using LTCC technology for wireless Lab-On-A-Chip (LOC) applications. To overcome the channel sagging during the fabrication process, we used sacrificial carbon tapes as solid inserts, thus guiding the LTCC to follow their shape upon lamination and then formed micro-channels. The measurement chamber was a parallel-plate capacitive structure with 85 μm gap. This platform requires a small fluid sample of less than 4 μL. The sensor formed by the microfluidic channel and capacitance structure was characterized using different dielectric materials such as air, water and acetone. We hereby present the capability of LTCC-based systems in fluid identification by detecting their electrical permittivity using capacitance measurement.
LTCC 3D MICROMIXERS FOR NON-MISCIBLE FLUIDS MICROEMULSION GENERATION
Authors: Gomez Houari Cobas , Agio Bianca Oliveira , da Silva Jéssica Gonçalves , Cerize Natalia Neto Pereira , de Oliveira Adriano Marim , Guimaraes Kleber Lanigra , da Cunha Marcio Rodrigues , Seabra Antonio Carlos , Gongora-Rubio Mario Ricardo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The present work shows a ceramics microfluidic device for non-miscible fluids microemulsion generation using 3D serpentine micromixers. The technology used for device fabrication was Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) which allows us for complex, high temperature and pressure resistant 3D microfluidic devices.
The proposed device aims to obtain microemulsion with controlled drop size, low dispersion index and high production volumes using Top-Down approach. Previous simulation work had showed 3D serpentine as one of the best structures for rapid mixing due the chaotic advection generated on every 90 deg direction change. This effect, when mixing two fluids as oil and water leads to streamlines pinching-off making possible drop generation. We have used this effect on our device.
For the experimental section, it was fabricated a 3D serpentine mixer microfluidic device with working region suitable for variable total flow rate. For certain value of total flow rate, the microemulsion showed higher drop diameter and polydispersity values. In this region, no control could be done in order to obtain the same drop value with the same process parameters.
Inside the working region drop diameter values repeatability was obtained. In this region our experimental results had showed a relation between drop diameter and total flow rate. As a total flow rate increase the drop diameter decrease due to a stronger chaotic advection effect. In the other hand, the polydispersity index also decreases. Microemulsions with average size lower than few micrometer or submicron were obtained. When compared with other reported devices, our device presented a production volume in the range of tens of ml/s for the same output microemulsion size.
Investigations of Metal Systems in a Silicon Ceramic Composite Substrate for Electrical and Thermal Contacts as well as Associated Mounting Aspects
Authors: Fischer M. , Welker T. , Leistritz B. , Gropp S. , Schäffel C. , Hoffmann M. , Müller J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A quasi-monolithic silicon ceramic composite substrate (SiCer), allowing the advantageous combination of silicon MEMS technology with the LTCC technology represents a base substrate for new technology concepts. For the realization of such a substrate an adaptation (e. g. expansion coefficient) of the LTCC base material to silicon is required. Due to the fact that this TCE matched LTCC is not supplied with a metallization system, it is important to identify and evaluate suitable metal pastes. We present a compilation of evaluated silver- and gold-based metal pastes, as well as their characterization in terms of solderability and wire-bondability.
With the use of thermal vias in combination with deep reactive ion etching to separate individual areas in the silicon layer [1], it is possible to adjust the thermal behavior of SiCer and of systems made of this substrate technology.
Particularly for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) requiring high temperature gradients within the substrate material, e. g. radiation sensors, dew point sensors, energy harvesting or silicon heatsinks a silicon ceramic composite substrate in combination with thermal vias entails a high application potential.
We investigate the thermal behavior of silicon ceramic composite substrates. Manufacturing technologies as well as measuring and simulation results regarding the use of thermal vias in SiCer are presented and discussed. Opportunities for construction and connection techniques for mounting a thermal test chip to SiCer are discussed. Furthermore, a simulation-based model to determine the heat dissipation behavior depending on number and arrangement of thermal vias is presented and compared with the measured values.
LTCC 3D FLOW FOCALIZATION DEVICE FOR LIQUID-LIQUID PARTIAL SOLVENT EXTRACTION
Authors: Gomez Houari Cobas , da Silva Jéssica Gonçalves , Machado Jocasta Mileski , Agio Bianca Oliveira , de Oliveira Francisco Jorge Soares , Seabra Antonio Carlos , Gongora-Rubio Mario Ricardo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The present work shows a ceramics microfluidic device for partial solvent extraction scheme. The technology used for device fabrication was Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) which allows us for complex and chemical resistant 3D microfluidic devices. The proposed system aims to partially extract the solvent present in a mixture containing aqueous and organic phases. This scheme uses a 3D flow focalization in order to improve the solvent diffusion into the external aqueous phase. The device is composed by three different parts, the input channels distribution, the main channel and the output channels distribution. The designed input channels distribution ensures a centered 3D focalized solvent stream along the main channel. The focalized solvent mixes with the surrounding water thanks to diffusion. Projected output channels take the central fluid out separately from the surrounding. Thus the device has two different outputs, one for the focalized fluid and another one for the waste fluid, which is the aqueous phase plus solvent. For a device concept proof, acetone and water were used as organic and aqueous phases, respectively. COMSOL Multiphysics was used for device microfluidics and chemical transport simulation. The extraction efficiency was the variable used as indicator for device performance validation. The flow rate ratio between phases, total flow rate, main channel length and focalized stream channel output hydraulic diameter (ODH) were used as process variables for simulation purposes. A factorial experimental planning was used in order to analyze the extraction efficiency taking into account process variables effects. From simulation results it was determined main channel length and ODH as the variables with stronger effect on extraction efficiency. Obtained simulated efficiencies were as high as 80.6%. Considering previous results observations a microfluidic device was fabricated with a main channel length of 21,4 mm and ODH of 214,63 μm. Gas chromatography was used to measured acetone concentration in outputs samples and from here the extraction efficiency. Experimental results were in agreement with simulation, returning extraction efficiencies in the order of 80.8% ± 2.2%.
Fabrication of an RF-MEMS-Switch on a hybrid Si-Ceramic substrate
Authors: Gropp S. , Fischer M. , Frank A. , Schäffel C. , Müller J. , Hoffmann M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The integration of MEMS sensors, microelectronics and RF circuits including RF-MEMS is still a challenging task but becomes crucial for the Internet of Things. A wafer-level silicon-ceramic composite substrate (called SiCer, Silicon-on-Ceramics) allows new options in smart system integration.
SiCer substrates combine the benefits of two different worlds of materials. The silicon substrate is a suitable material to build active MEMS devices such as switches and resonators. The ceramic substrate, a Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC), is well-known for RF circuit integration including resistors, capacitors and coils. Both materials are co-sintered into a monolithically composite substrate. Chemical and physical modification of the silicon interface allows a low-pressure sintering and therefore new techniques for generating buried cavities at the bond interface. A carbon paste is applied on the LTCC via screen printing. After sintering, this results in a defined cavity. To demonstrate the advantages of the buried cavities within SiCer substrates the fabrication process of a RF-MEMS switch is shown. The switch is intended for a switching matrix to select frequency bands in a mobile LTE receiver. A parallel-plate electrostatic actuation with in-plane movement has been selected. This type of switch allows a large displacement range and a low actuation voltage can be achieved.