bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave ablation for treatment of hepatic neoplasia in five dogs
Authors: Yang Toni , Case J. Brad , Boston Sarah , Dark Michael J. , Toskich Beau 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION 5 dogs between 9 and 11 years of age were evaluated for treatment of primary (n = 2) or metastatic (3) hepatic neoplasia.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Patients were evaluated on an elective (n = 3) or emergency (2) basis. Two dogs with primary hepatic neoplasia were evaluated because of lethargy and inappetence. One dog was referred after an enlarged anal sac was detected via palpation per rectum during a routine physical examination. Two dogs were evaluated on an emergency basis because of lethargy and weakness, and hemoabdomen in the absence of a history of trauma was detected. All 5 dogs underwent thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography, with CT performed in both dogs with primary hepatic neoplasia. All dogs had preoperative evidence of abdominal neoplasia, and none had evidence of thoracic metastasis.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME All dogs underwent ventral midline laparotomy and had diffuse hepatic neoplasia that precluded complete resection. Locoregional treatment with MWA was applied to hepatic lesions (0.5 to 2.5 cm diameter) without procedural complications. Histopathologic diagnoses were biliary adenocarcinoma (n = 1), hemangiosarcoma (2), hepatocellular carcinoma (1), and apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (1).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE MWA is being increasingly used as an adjunct in the surgical treatment of human patients with primary and metastatic liver disease. Results of the present small case series suggested that MWA is feasible and potentially effective as an adjunctive treatment for appropriately selected dogs with nonresectable hepatic tumors. Further investigation is indicated.
Large Vallecula Lipoma: An unusual clinical entity
Authors: Balasubramanian Anusha , Jaafar Rohaizam , Ramli Ramiza Ramza , Mat Lazim Norhafiza 
Published: December 2016

Lipoma of the oropharynx is an extremely rare entity with less than ten cases reported in so far. We present the case of a 55-year-old gentleman who was referred to our team for an incidental finding of an oropharyngeal mass. Although he did not have stridor despite the mass occupying almost 80% of his oropharynx, he did complain of progressive voice change, feeling of something in the throat and dysphagia over a period of 2 years. The mass was successfully excised endoscopically without the need for a tracheostomy. Airway issues, management options of an oropharyngeal mass, as well as the applied embryology of these lesions are discussed. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(4) 2016 p.621-623
Pre Diabetes: An Alarming and Frightening Situation about Life Time Syndrome (Diabetes)
Authors: Gul Somia , Jawed Nathasha , Jaweed Lailoona 
Published: December 2016

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the common problems in Pakistan; it is a disease that is extensively spreading within all age groups. It is a misconception that it suddenly affects a persons metabolism and the next morning the patient becomes diabetic. Actually diabetes gives an intense era of time for recovery which is usually never identified. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study is to identify the time lap known as prediabetes which can also be taken as the prevention stage. Materials and methods: In this study 201 population sample data was collected on the basis of their age, gender, family history , life style and many other contribution factors and analyzed through SPSS. Results: It is concluded that majority of the population belonging to a different age groups are on the route that leads to diabetes and having principle symptoms of diabetes that is polyuria (increased urination), polyphagia (increased appetite), polydypsia (increased thirst), 55% of the individuals experience frequent urination, 58% of the population have been observed with increased appetite and 60% of the people have complains of increased thirst. Conclusion: It is a frightening situation as indicated by the WHO that by 2030 Pakistan will be the 4th most diabetic populated country, so the study played an important role in investigating population lying in prevention stage. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(4) 2016 p.565-571
Evolutionary history and gene flow of an endemic island oak: Quercus pacifica
Authors: Backs Janet Rizner , Ashley Mary V. 
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Understanding historical patterns of colonization and subsequent gene flow clarifies the evolutionary origins and history of endemic island species.METHODS:Here we use DNA microsatellite markers to characterize the genetic structure of the island endemic species Quercus pacifica K. Nixon & C.H. Mull., found on three of the California Channel Islands, and to examine its relationship to two mainland oaks, Q. berberidifolia and Q. dumosa.KEY RESULTS:We found that Q. pacifica is a genetically cohesive and differentiated evolutionary lineage, diverging from mainland scrub oaks in the Pleistocene with little subsequent introgression. Genetic differentiation of Q. pacifica among islands is small but significant. Both recent and historical gene flow were surprisingly high considering the disjunct distribution of Q. pacifica on islands separated by as much as 125 km of open ocean. Gene flow estimates were highest between the two northern islands and from the northern islands to Santa Catalina. While there is no evidence of recent bottlenecks, historical bottlenecks are indicated on each of the islands.CONCLUSIONS:The genetic cohesiveness of the Q. pacifica species suggests allopatric speciation on the islands with subsequent gene flow that has maintained genetic continuity over great distances.
A subgeneric classification of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae)
Authors: Weststrand Stina , Korall Petra 
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The lycophyte family Selaginellaceae includes approximately 750 herbaceous species worldwide, with the main species richness in the tropics and subtropics. We recently presented a phylogenetic analysis of Selaginellaceae based on DNA sequence data and, with the phylogeny as a framework, the study discussed the character evolution of the group focusing on gross morphology. Here we translate these findings into a new classification.METHODS:To present a robust and useful classification, we identified well‐supported monophyletic groups from our previous phylogenetic analysis of 223 species, which together represent the diversity of the family with respect to morphology, taxonomy, and geographical distribution. Care was taken to choose groups with supporting morphology.KEY RESULTS:In this classification, we recognize a single genus Selaginella and seven subgenera: Selaginella, Rupestrae, Lepidophyllae, Gymnogynum, Exaltatae, Ericetorum, and Stachygynandrum. The subgenera are all well supported based on analysis of DNA sequence data and morphology. A key to the subgenera is presented.CONCLUSIONS:Our new classification is based on a well‐founded hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships of Selaginella, and each subgenus can be identified by a suite of morphological features, most of them possible to study in the field. Our intention is that the classification will be useful not only to experts in the field, but also to a broader audience.
M DWARF ACTIVITY IN THE PAN-STARRS1 MEDIUM-DEEP SURVEY: FIRST CATALOG AND ROTATION PERIODS
Authors: Kado-Fong E. , Williams P. K. G. , Mann A. W. , Berger E. , Burgett W. S. , Chambers K. C. , Huber M. E. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Magnier E. A. , Rest A. , Wainscoat R. J. , Waters C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on an ongoing project to investigate activity in the M dwarf stellar population observed by the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey (PS1-MDS). Using a custom-built pipeline, we refine an initial sample of ∼4 million sources in PS1-MDS to a sample of 184,148 candidate cool stars using color cuts. Motivated by the well-known relationship between rotation and stellar activity, we use a multiband periodogram analysis and visual vetting to identify 270 sources that are likely rotating M dwarfs. We derive a new set of polynomials relating M dwarf PS1 colors to fundamental stellar parameters and use them to estimate the masses, distances, effective temperatures, and bolometric luminosities of our sample. We present a catalog containing these values, our measured rotation periods, and cross-matches to other surveys. Our final sample spans periods of ≲1–130 days in stars with estimated effective temperatures of ∼2700–4000 K. Twenty-two of our sources have X-ray cross-matches, and they are found to be relatively X-ray bright as would be expected from selection effects. Our data set provides evidence that Kepler-based searches have not been sensitive to very slowly rotating stars (P
rot ≳ 70 day), implying that the observed emergence of very slow rotators in studies of low-mass stars may be a systematic effect. We also see a lack of low-amplitude (<2%) variability in objects with intermediate (10–40 day) rotation periods, which, considered in conjunction with other observational results, may be a signpost of a loss of magnetic complexity associated with a phase of rapid spin-down in intermediate-age M dwarfs. This work represents just a first step in exploring stellar variability in data from the PS1-MDS and, in the farther future, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Evaluation of thyroid lesions by fine-needle aspiration cytology based on Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology classification among the population of South Bihar
Authors: Bhartiya Richa , Mallik Mahasweta , Kumari Nawanita , Prasad Brijendra Narayan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid gland has proven to be an important and widely accepted, cost-effective, simple, safe, and accurate method triaging patients with thyroid nodules. Awareness and understanding of wide spectrum thyroid disorders are of great value because most lesions are treatable by medical or surgical management. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of FNA cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid lesion using the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology nomenclature (BSRTC) and to correlate these with histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: FNA was performed in 238 patients from January 2014 to October 2015 at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Bihar presenting with the thyroid swelling and its histopathological correlation was done in 105 patients. Results and Observations: Out of 238 patients with thyroid swelling, majority were females (196) and in younger age group (n = 104 [43.6%], 21–40 years). In 224 cases, adequate smears for cytological interpretation were obtained. Among them, colloid goiter was the most common lesion. Of these, 105 cases were surgically treated, and tissue was submitted for histopathological examination, which showed 97 nonneoplastic lesions and eight neoplastic lesions. Conclusion: FNAC is rapid, simple, safe, and cost-effective diagnostic modality in the investigation of thyroid disease with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. It can be used as an excellent first-line method for investigating the nature of lesion. Bethesda system is very useful as it is simplified, systematic, standardized system for reporting thyroid cytopathology, which provides better communication between cytopathologist and clinicians, leading to more consistent management approach.
Using Non-Textual Sources
Authors: Armstrong Catherine 
Published: December 2016

Using Non-Textual Sources provides history students with the theoretical background and skills to interpret non-textual sources. It introduces the full range of non-textual sources used by historians and offers practical guidance on how to interpret them and incorporate them into essays and dissertations. In addition to this, the book posits a theoretical framework that justifies the use of these items as historical sources and explains how they can be used to further understand the past.
There is coverage of the creation, production and distribution of non-textual sources; the acquisition of skills to ‘read’ these sources analytically; and the meaning, significance and reliability of these forms of evidence. Using Non-Textual Sources includes a section on interdisciplinary non-textual source work, outlining what historians borrow from disciplines such as art history, archaeology, geography and media studies, as well as a discussion of how to locate these resources online and elsewhere in order to use them in essays and dissertations.
Case studies, such as the Tudor religious propaganda painting Edward VI and the Pope, the 1954 John Ford Western The Searchers and the Hereford Mappa Mundi, are employed throughout to illustrate the functions of main source types. Photographs, cartoons, maps, artwork, audio clips, film, places and artifacts are all explored in a text that provides students with a comprehensive, cohesive and practical guide to using non-textual sources.
Survey of Free Market Principles for Encouraging Market: Participation of African American and the Economically Challenged
Authors: Nwaokoro Amaechi N. 
Published: December 2016

This study targets to challenge African American and other economically challenged to embrace free market principles to enhance their participation in the economy of Albany/Dougherty County, Georgia. With a market-based questionnaire, this study assess the understanding of these principles from among the students of Albany State University, the major educational institution in the county. Among other compelling actions, the responses provided on the survey highlight the need for effective education, increasing interest in taking market risks, elevation of access to capital, and fairer and inclusive society.<br /><p align="center"> </p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p>
Frequency of and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Vancomycin Use in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bonazza Sarah , Bresee Lauren C. , Kraft Timothy , Ross B. Catherine , Dersch-Mills Deonne 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Published information evaluating frequency of and risk factors for vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) population is conflicting.
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to describe the proportion of our PICU patients who developed AKI with intravenous (IV) vancomycin. The secondary objective was to describe the associated potential risk factors.
METHODS: Pediatric patients (0–18 years) who received their first IV vancomycin dose in the PICU were evaluated in this retrospective chart review. AKI was defined based on Pediatric-Modified RIFLE (pRIFLE) criteria. Patient demographics, vancomycin trough concentrations, concomitant nephrotoxins, and estimated creatinine clearance changes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Of 265 patients included, the primary outcome of AKI (defined by meeting any pRIFLE criteria) occurred in 62 (23.4%) patients (48 category R, 11 category I, 3 category F). Patients who received vancomycin treatment for = 5 days were more likely to develop AKI (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR]: 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–5.73), as were patients with a maximum vancomycin trough level = 20 mg/L (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.54–5.78) and patients on 1 (uOR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.12–4.66) or more concurrent nephrotoxin (uOR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.43–6.77). Among nephrotoxins, patients receiving furosemide concomitantly with vancomycin were more likely to develop AKI (uOR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.92–6.27). After adjustment, only furosemide was a significant predictor of risk of AKI/AKI (adjusted OR: 3.52; 95% CI: 1.88–6.62). The study was limited by its retrospective and observational design, and confounding variables.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients who were receiving vancomycin with concurrent furosemide were at highest risk of developing AKI.
Evaluation of Medication-related Self-care Skills in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lewis Kelsey Lackey , John Barnabas , Condren Michelle , Carter Sandra M. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: As the life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) increases, the focus on ensuring success with medication therapies is increasingly important. The ability of patients to autonomously manage medications and related therapies is poorly described in the literature.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this project was to assess the level of medication-related knowledge and self-care skills in patients with CF.
METHODS: This project took place in a Cystic Fibrosis Foundation accredited affiliate center. Eighty-nine patients between the ages of 6 and 60 were eligible to participate based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pharmacists administered a 16-item questionnaire and detailed medication history during clinic visits from January through May 2014.
RESULTS: Forty-five patients 6 to 41 years old participated in the study. The skills most often performed independently were preparing nebulizer treatments (85%) and telling someone if they feel their medicines are causing a problem (89%). Skills least often performed were carrying a medication list (82%) and bringing a medication list to appointments (76%). In respondents 21 years of age and older, less than 75% of respondents were involved with obtaining financial resources, maintaining equipment, carrying a medication list, or rinsing their mouth after using inhaled medicines. Participants were able to provide drug name, dose, and frequency of use for pancreatic enzymes and azithromycin 37% and 24% of the time, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In the population surveyed, many medication-related skills had not been acquired by early adulthood. Assessing and providing education for medication-related self-care skills at all ages are needed.
A Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management Protocol Incorporating a Two-Bag Intravenous Fluid System Decreases Duration of Intravenous Insulin Therapy
Authors: Veverka Megan , Marsh Kourtney , Norman Susan , Brock Michael Alan , Peng Monica , Shenk Jennifer , Chen Jerome Gene 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes. We implemented a standardized DKA management protocol by using a 2-bag intravenous (IV) fluid system. The purpose of the study was to examine if the protocol improved clinical outcomes and process efficiency.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients who did and did not undergo the protocol. Patients were included if they were 18 years of age or younger, were diagnosed with DKA, admitted to an intensive care unit or stepdown unit, and received continuous IV insulin.
RESULTS: Of 119 encounters evaluated, 46 (38.7%) received treatment with the protocol and 73 (61.3%) did not. The median time to normalization of ketoacidosis was 9 hours (IQR 5–12) and 9 hours (IQR 6.5–13) for protocol and non-protocol groups, respectively (p = 0.14). The median duration of IV insulin therapy was 16.9 hours (IQR 13.7–21.5) vs. 21 hours (IQR 15.3–26) for protocol and non-protocol groups (p = 0.03). The median number of adjustments to insulin drip rate was 0 (IQR 0–1) and 2 (IQR 0–3) for protocol and non-protocol groups (p = 0.0001). There was no difference in the incidence of hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, or cerebral edema.
CONCLUSIONS: The protocol did not change time to normalization of ketoacidosis but did decrease the duration of insulin therapy, number of adjustments to insulin drip rate, and number of wasted IV fluid bags without increasing the incidence of adverse events.
Highly coherent tunable mid-infrared frequency comb pumped by supercontinuum at 1 µm
Authors: Jin Lei , Yamanaka Masahito , Sonnenschein Volker , Tomita Hideki , Iguchi Tetsuo , Sato Atsushi , Oh-hara Toshinari , Nishizawa Norihiko 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We report a tunable mid-infrared frequency comb working at 184 MHz, which is based on difference frequency generation in a periodically poled Mg-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPMgSLT) crystal pumped by high-power supercontinuum pulses. Supercontinuum pulses from two fibers with different dispersion properties were examined. With a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) having normal dispersion properties, a tunable wavelength range of 2.9–4.7 µm was achieved. With another PCF having zero dispersion at 1040 nm, a maximum power of 1.34 mW was observed at 3.9 µm. The high coherence of the pulses generated with this scheme was verified experimentally, and a fringe visibility of 0.90 was observed.
Subduction, high‐P metamorphism, and collision fingerprints in South Iran: Constraints from zircon U‐Pb and mica Rb‐Sr geochronology
Authors: Shafaii Moghadam H. , Bröcker M. , Griffin W. L. , Li X.‐H. , Chen R. X. , O'Reilly S. Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Esfandagheh region of the Zagros Orogenic Belt is an ideal area to address many aspects of continental convergence between Arabia and Eurasia, including incorporation of Late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) basement, subduction‐related magmatism, and the formation of HP/LT rocks. The rock units exposed here represent a presumably Jurassic magmatic arc within the Sanandaj‐Sirjan Zone (SSNZ), remnants of oceanic lithosphere, blueschist‐ and greenschist‐facies rocks, and a distinct group of poorly characterized rocks. U‐Pb ages define four populations, related to Paleoproterozoic, Ediacaran, Carboniferous, and Jurassic magmatic events. U‐Pb ages of ∼1.8–1.7 Ga for a pegmatite represent the first report of Paleoproterozoic rocks in Iran. Zircon U‐Pb ages from the SSNZ provide evidence for Ediacaran (547 Ma), Carboniferous (326–312 Ma), and Jurassic (194–186 Ma) magmatic activity. Zircons from the Haji‐Abad ophiolites yielded Jurassic ages. The new Rb‐Sr results from white micas provide indications of a poorly constrained >85 Ma high‐pressure metamorphic history. Rb‐Sr ages of two chlorite‐epidote‐actinolite schists indicate that greenschist‐facies P‐T conditions had already been attained around 130–125 Ma. The new results are consistent with a model in which the closure of the Esfandagheh Ocean and the subsequent collision between Arabia and Iran led to incorporation of Paleoproterozoic and Cadomian rock units and tectonic juxtaposition of all lithotectonic elements, from oceanic lithosphere to continental crust, along the Main Zagros Suture Zone.