bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic and irrigation water quality on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro
Authors: Codalli Fabia , Shagega Frank , Breuer Lutz , Munishi Subira , Jacobs Suzanne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study assessed the water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro during the dry season under low flow conditions. Fifty-one samples covering eight different water sources (i.e., stream water from natural and anthropogenic impacted streams, domestic water, spring water, rainfall, groundwater, lake water and water from irrigation canals) were collected in a snapshot sampling campaign over 10 days in February 2023. First, physical, chemical and biological parameters were analysed and compared with Tanzanian and international drinking and irrigation water quality requirements. The samples were then ranked according to their suitability for drinking and/or irrigation using water quality indices (WQI). All drinking water quality parameters except for E. coli and turbidity were within the permissible limits. A generalised problem of faecal contamination was found in the study area, including in domestic water, highlighting the need to identify sources of contamination and remediate them before distribution. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) classified 89% of the samples as unsuitable and 11% as excellent for drinking. Irrigation water quality parameters were within the guidelines of restriction of use except for pH in 5 samples. In contrast to the DWQI, the vast majority of the water samples (88%) can be used for irrigation without restrictions according to the irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The suitability of water for irrigation was also assessed using three indices, i.e., Kelley’s Index, Soluble Sodium Percentage and Magnesium Ratio, which indicated potential problems with excess of sodium (about 30% of the samples) and magnesium (about 20%). Further studies combining suitability indices, soil characteristics and crop types are recommended to assess water quality for irrigation use.
Impact of various fairness-based distribution models on supply chain networks from the perspective of customer satisfaction
Authors: Abushaega Mastoor M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effectiveness of two fairness-based distribution approaches—type I and type II—in enhancing the resilience of supply chain networks (SCNs) during disruptions. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on supply chain management by offering insights into how fairness principles can be applied to improve the restoration of disrupted networks. A mixed-integer programming model was developed to simulate these fairness-based distribution strategies, focusing on a water supply chain network of a privet company in Saudi Arabia. The SCN consists of a single supplier and ten demand nodes, each requiring multiple commodities. The model was tested under 100 random disruption scenarios, each reducing the capacity of randomly selected network segments. The performance of each fairness-based distribution approach was evaluated based on how quickly and effectively the SCN returned to its required service levels (SLs) across all demand nodes. Results indicate that Fairness Distribution Type I, which aims to minimize unmet demand across the entire network, generally outperformed Type II in terms of speed and efficiency. Type I was more effective at restoring SLs quickly at most nodes, while Type II showed localized advantages, particularly in restoring SLs for specific commodities at select nodes. The study concludes that while Type I is more suited for overall supply chain recovery, Type II may be beneficial in scenarios requiring focused recovery at specific demand nodes. These findings provide actionable insights for supply chain managers seeking to enhance network resilience through fairness-based distribution strategies, and suggest avenues for future research on hybrid and context-specific approaches.
Testing the expensive-tissue hypothesis’ prediction of inter-tissue competition using causal modelling with latent variables
Authors: Shirley Bezerra Meghan , Helle Samuli , Seunarine Kiran K. , Arthurs Owen J. , Eaton Simon , Williams Jane E. , Clark Chris A. , Wells Jonathan C. K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The expensive-tissue hypothesis (ETH) posited a brain–gut trade-off to explain how humans evolved large, costly brains. Versions of the ETH interrogating gut or other body tissues have been tested in non-human animals, but not humans. We collected brain and body composition data in 70 South Asian women and used structural equation modelling with instrumental variables, an approach that handles threats to causal inference including measurement error, unmeasured confounding and reverse causality. We tested a negative, causal effect of the latent construct ‘nutritional investment in brain tissues’ (MRI-derived brain volumes) on the construct ‘nutritional investment in lean body tissues’ (organ volume and skeletal muscle). We also predicted a negative causal effect of the brain latent on fat mass. We found negative causal estimates for both brain and lean tissue (−0.41, 95% CI, −1.13, 0.23) and brain and fat (−0.56, 95% CI, −2.46, 2.28). These results, although inconclusive, are consistent with theory and prior evidence of the brain trading off with lean and fat tissues, and they are an important step in assessing empirical evidence for the ETH in humans. Analyses using larger datasets, genetic data and causal modelling are required to build on these findings and expand the evidence base.
Comparing rates of recurrent infection for first occurrence of Clostridioides difficile between tapered oral vancomycin and standard vancomycin: a retrospective, propensity matched cohort study
Authors: Moore Sarah E. , Song Matthew , Swingler Elena A. , Furmanek Stephen , Chandler Thomas , Smith Dakota , Brenneman Martin T. , Wilde Ashley M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:To compare rates of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence following initial occurrence treated with tapered enteral vancomycin compared to standard vancomycin.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Community health system.Patients:Adults ≥18 years of age hospitalized with positive C. difficile polymerase chain reaction or toxin enzyme immunoassay who were prescribed either standard 10–14 days of enteral vancomycin four times daily or a 12-week tapered vancomycin regimen.Methods:Retrospective propensity score pair matched cohort study. Groups were matched based on age < or ≥ 65 years and receipt of non-C. difficile antibiotics during hospitalization or within 6 months post-discharge. Recurrence rates were analyzed via logistic regression conditioned on matched pairs and reported as conditional odds ratios. The primary outcome was recurrence rates compared between standard vancomycin versus tapered vancomycin for treatment of initial CDI.Results:The CDI recurrence rate at 6 months was 5.3% (4/75) in the taper cohort versus 28% (21/75) in the standard vancomycin cohort. The median time to CDI recurrence was 115 days versus 20 days in the taper and standard vancomycin cohorts, respectively. When adjusted for matching, patients in the taper arm were less likely to experience CDI recurrence at 6 months when compared to standard vancomycin (cOR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.56, p < 0.002).Conclusions:Larger prospective trials are needed to elucidate the clinical utility of tapered oral vancomycin as a treatment option to achieve sustained clinical cure in first occurrences of CDI.
Memory Wars and Emotional Politics: “Feel Good” Holocaust Appropriation in Central Europe
Authors: Kubátová Hana , Láníček Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the patriotic turn in Holocaust memory politics, exploring the processes through which the narrative of a morally upright national majority has been pitted against transnational entities such as the European Union. The EU is considered to foster multiculturalism, leading to interpretations of what some perceive as national guilt. The article investigates invocations of shame and pride in Czechia and Slovakia, two countries that are often overlooked in works on Holocaust memory politics yet are symptomatic of larger changes in the region and history appropriation in general. Building on research into emotional communities, it traces how and why political actors across the ideological spectrum have adopted notions of pride to mobilize domestic audiences against “accusations” of local guilt and complicity in the Nazi genocides of Jews and Roma. By doing so, our article demonstrates how Holocaust memory has become entangled with Europeanization and highlights the role of emotions in shaping national identity and belonging.
Novel multidisciplinary approach detects multiple individuals within the same Late Bronze–Early Iron Age cremation graves
Authors: Sabaux Charlotte , Snoeck Christophe , Capuzzo Giacomo , Veselka Barbara , Dalle Sarah , Warmenbol Eugène , Stamataki Elisavet , Hlad Marta , Sengeløv Amanda , Debaille Vinciane , Boudin Mathieu , Salesse Kevin , Annaert Rica , Vercauteren Martine , De Mulder Guy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCremation graves appear in different forms and shapes, from urns to simple pits and from single to plural graves. The challenging nature of highly fragmented cremated human remains renders the identification of multiple individuals within the same cremation grave rather complex. Osteological analyses alone are often insufficient to detect the presence of bone fragments from different individuals as they are small and diagnostic elements are often missing, although, detection of nonadult bone fragments within adult bone assemblages (or the other way around) points to the presence of at least two individuals—one adult and one nonadult—within the same grave. The combination of osteological analyses, radiocarbon dating, and strontium isotope ratios has proven to be particularly powerful. At different Belgian Metal Age sites, this novel multi-disciplinary approach enabled to identify the presence of bone fragments belonging to up to three different individuals within the same cremation grave who were cremated up to several centuries apart. Whether the presence of these two or three individuals in the same grave is intentional (e.g. curation) or not requires more in-depth analyses. This study shows the high level of complexity of cremation burial (intentionally or not) and shows the necessity to carry out all analytical measurements (i.e. radiocarbon dating, infrared, elemental and isotope analyses) on the same bone fragment to ensure the results are related to the same individual.
A high-precision radiocarbon chronology of Inka rule in the Upper Loa River Region of northern Chile
Authors: Murphy Beau , Salazar Diego , Dee Michael W , Hayashida Frances M , Troncoso Andrés , Parcero-Oubiña César , Berenguer José , Erdil Pınar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chronology of the Inka Empire is poorly resolved, with most scholars utilizing a post hoc ethnohistoric reconstruction of imperial expansion as a common reference point. Radiocarbon-based analyses can now accomplish sufficient resolution for meaningful independent estimates of Inka chronology, however, and it is incumbent upon archaeologists to develop such appraisals. Here we produce a Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon data from the Upper Loa River area of northern Chile to estimate the timing of Inka incorporation of this region. In order to accurately associate samples with Inka rule, only radiocarbon dates from Inka sites without prior occupations are used (n = 34), producing a model for the onset of Inka rule of AD 1401–1437 (95% hpd) with a median date of AD 1420. This estimate is further used as a point of comparison for understanding diachronic imperial processes in the region. Site-level models of a variety of site types indicate that the Inka rapidly founded several administrative/mining bases at the onset, followed by the addition of smaller infrastructure components during a second pulse of activity near the middle of the 15th century. Date assemblages at the agricultural sites of Topaín and Paniri also indicate a decline in activity at the former and an increase in activity at the latter from early on in Inka rule. These results provide a high-resolution data point for reconstructing Inka imperial chronology, and expanding such studies will be essential to understanding processes of Inka imperialism at larger scales.
MONOGENIC QUARTIC POLYNOMIALS AND THEIR GALOIS GROUPS
Authors: HARRINGTON JOSHUA , JONES LENNY 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A monic polynomial

$f(x)\in {\mathbb Z}[x]$

of degree N is called monogenic if

$f(x)$

is irreducible over

${\mathbb Q}$

and

$\{1,\theta ,\theta ^2,\ldots ,\theta ^{N-1}\}$

is a basis for the ring of integers of

${\mathbb Q}(\theta )$

, where

$f(\theta )=0$

. We use the classification of the Galois groups of quartic polynomials, due to Kappe and Warren [‘An elementary test for the Galois group of a quartic polynomial’, Amer. Math. Monthly96(2) (1989), 133–137], to investigate the existence of infinite collections of monogenic quartic polynomials having a prescribed Galois group, such that each member of the collection generates a distinct quartic field. With the exception of the cyclic case, we provide such an infinite single-parameter collection for each possible Galois group. We believe these examples are new and we provide evidence to support this belief by showing that they are distinct from other infinite collections in the literature. Finally, we devote a separate section to the cyclic case.
A NOTE ON THE FINITELY GENERATED FIXED SUBGROUP PROPERTY
Authors: LEI JIALIN , MA JIMING , ZHANG QIANG 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate when a group of the form

$G\times \mathbb {Z}^m\ (m\geq 1)$

has the finitely generated fixed subgroup property of automorphisms (

$\mathrm {FGFP_a}$

), by using the BNS-invariant, and provide some partial answers and nontrivial examples.
Vertical back movement of cows during locomotion: detecting lameness with a simple image processing technique
Authors: Akin Ibrahim , Kalkan Yilmaz , Ozturan Yalcin Alper 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research paper proposes a simple image processing technique for automatic lameness detection in dairy cows under farm conditions. Seventy-five cows were selected from a dairy farm and visually assessed for a reference/real lameness score (RLS) as they left the milking parlor, while simultaneously being video-captured. The method employed a designated walking path and video recordings processed through image analysis to derive a new computerized automatic lameness score (ALDS) based on calculated factors from back arch posture. The proposed automatic lameness detection system was calibrated using 12 cows, and the remaining 63 were used to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of the ALDS. The agreement and correlation between ALDS and RLS were investigated. ALDS demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy with 100% sensitivity and specificity and was found to be 100% accurate with a perfect agreement (ρc = 1) and strong correlation (r = 1, P < 0.001) for lameness detection in binary scores (lame/non-lame). Moreover, the ALDS had a strong agreement (ρc = 0.885) and was highly correlated (r = 0.840; 0.796–1.000 95% confidence interval, P < 0.001) with RLS in ordinal scores (lameness severity; LS1 to LS5). Our findings suggest that the proposed method has the potential to compete with vision-based lameness detection methods in dairy cows in farm conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of depressive symptoms: a retrospective longitudinal study from the population-based CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Pignon Baptiste , Wiernik Emmanuel , Ranque Brigitte , Robineau Olivier , Carrat Fabrice , Severi Gianluca , Touvier Mathilde , Gouraud Clément , Ouazana Vedrines Charles , Pitron Victor , Hoertel Nicolas , Kab Sofiane , Tebeka Sarah , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Lemogne Cédric 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundShould COVID-19 have a direct impact on the risk of depression, it would suggest specific pathways for prevention and treatment. In this retrospective population-based study, we aimed to examine the association of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with depressive symptoms, distinguishing self-reported v. biologically confirmed COVID-19.Methods32 007 participants from the SAPRIS survey nested in the French CONSTANCES cohort were included. COVID-19 was measured as followed: ad hoc serologic testing, self-reported PCR or serology positive test results, and self-reported COVID-19. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Outcomes were depressive symptoms (total CES-D score, its four dimensions, and clinically significant depressive symptoms) and exposure was prior COVID-19 (no COVID-19/self-reported unconfirmed COVID-19/biologically confirmed COVID-19).ResultsIn comparison to participants without COVID-19, participants with self-reported unconfirmed COVID-19 and biologically confirmed COVID-19 had higher CES-D scores (β for one interquartile range increase [95% CI]: 0.15 [0.08–0.22] and 0.09 [0.05–0.13], respectively) and somatic complaints dimension scores (0.15 [0.09–0.21] and 0.10 [0.07–0.13]). Only those with self-reported but unconfirmed COVID-19 had higher depressed affect dimension scores (0.08 [0.01–0.14]). Accounting for ad hoc serologic testing only, the CES-D score and the somatic complaints dimension were only associated with the combination of self-reported COVID-19 and negative serology test results.ConclusionsThe association between COVID-19 and depressive symptoms was merely driven by somatic symptoms of depression and did not follow a gradient consistent with the hypothesis of a direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the risk of depression.
‘Pity the poor independent scholar!’: The Lament of a Latecomer Historian
Authors: Sanders John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis commentary article explores some of the problems encountered by independent scholars seeking to get their work published in peer-reviewed journals and in particular the difficulties they face in accessing online resources. Though often hidden, these issues are nevertheless very real for aspiring historians and those who have returned late to the historical fold. The article acknowledges the efforts of a number of journals to encourage different voices, but highlights how the limitations of current licensing and Open Access arrangements hinders this ambition.
Design and analysis of a thick-panel origami-inspired soft crawling robot with multiple locomotion patterns
Authors: Shen Feiyang , Yang Shuofei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the flexibility obtained through both materials and structures, soft robots have wide potential applications in complicated internal and external environments. This paper presents a new soft crawling robot with multiple locomotion patterns that integrate inchworm motion and various turning motions. First, the conceptual design of the proposed robot is presented by introducing thick-panel origami into the synthesis of a crawling robot, resulting in a Waterbomb-structure-inspired hybrid mechanism. Second, all locomotion patterns of the robot are precisely described and analyzed by screw theory in an algebraic manner, which include inchworm motion, restricted planar motion, quantitative turning motion, and marginal exploration motion. Then, the output motion parameter for each locomotion pattern is analytically modeled as a function of the robotic dimensional parameters, and the robot can thus be designed and controlled in a customized way for the expected output motion. Finally, the theoretical analysis and derivations are validated by simulation and physical prototype building, which lay the foundations for the design and manufacture of small-scale soft crawling robots with precise output motions in a complex planar environment.
Bidirectional effects of parenting and ADHD symptoms in young children: Effects of comorbid oppositional symptoms
Authors: Lavigne John V. , Gouze Karen R. , Hopkins Joyce , Bryant Fred B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Psychosocial factors play an important role in the manifestation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and accompanying impairment levels in children. In a community sample of 796 children evaluated at 4, 5, and 6 years of age, bidirectional effects were examined for each of three components of parenting (parental support, hostility, scaffolding skills) and ADHD-specific symptoms that are not associated with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. Results indicated that (a) age 4 parenting factors were not associated with changes in ADHD-I (inattention) or ADHD-H (hyperactive-impulsive) symptoms in the subsequent year, (b) ADHD-I and ADHD-H symptoms at age 4 were not associated with changes in parenting factors at age 5, (c) age 5 ADHD-I and ADHD-H symptoms were associated with decreases in parental scaffolding skills and increases in parental hostility from ages 5 to 6 years, and (d) parental support at age 5 was associated with a decrease in ADHD-H symptoms at age 6. Findings suggest that ADHD symptoms can lead to poorer parenting attitudes and behavior, while parental support during kindergarten has a small effect on decreasing ADHD-H symptoms over time.
Haemodynamic monitoring after paediatric cardiac surgery using echocardiography and PiCCO
Authors: Pernbro Fredrik , Wåhlander Håkan , Romlin Birgitta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Haemodynamic instability is common after surgical repair of CHDs in infants and children. Monitoring cardiac output in addition to traditional circulation parameters could improve the postoperative care of these patients. Echocardiography and transpulmonary thermodilution are the two most common methods for measuring cardiac output in infants.Objectives:To compare the results of cardiac output measurements using echocardiography and a transpulmonary thermodilution setup after paediatric cardiac surgery.Methods:Forty children, scheduled for elective repair of a ventricular septal defect or of an atrio-ventricular septal defect using cardiopulmonary bypass, were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Cardiac output was simultaneously measured using echocardiography and a commercially available transpulmonary thermodilution method (PiCCO™) at 18 h after the end of surgery.Results:At 18 h after surgery, PiCCO™ gave a mean of 3.0% higher cardiac output than echocardiography. This difference was not statistically significant. 95% of the observations fell within –50.0 to 82.6%.Conclusion:The methods were found to have a good agreement on average, with no statistically significant difference between them. However, the spread of the results was large. It is questionable whether the methods can be used interchangeably in clinical practice.