bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with More Severe Brain Spontaneous Activity Impairment and Gray Matter Loss in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Yun Fei , Kong Xiang , Lu Guang Ming , Zhang Long Jiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent studies showed many cirrhosis patients may have diabetes mellitus (DM), however, the effect of DM on brain in cirrhotic patients is unclear. This study included 34 cirrhosis patients (17 with DM, 17 without DM) and 17 age-, sex-matched healthy controls. MRI examination and neuropsychological tests were performed. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and voxel-based morphometry algorithms were used to obtain fALFF values and gray matter volume, which were compared and correlated with clinical variables. In cirrhosis patients with and without DM, fALFF values were decreased in the left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, bilateral lingual gyri and occipital lobe, while increased in the left orbital frontal gyrus. Gray matter volume was decreased in bilateral caudates and putamen, while increased in bilateral thalami. Compared with non-DM cirrhosis patients, DM cirrhosis patients showed decreased fALFF values in bilateral caudates and decreased gray matter volume in bilateral thalami. The blood glucose levels of cirrhosis patients showed negative correlations with fALFF values in bilateral caudates and gray matter volume in bilateral thalami. In conclusion, DM aggravates brain damage in cirrhosis patients. Thus, it is important to pay more attention to the management of DM in cirrhotic patients.
Nanoparticle-based Plasmonic Transduction for Modulation of Electrically Excitable Cells
Authors: Bazard Parveen , Frisina Robert D. , Walton Joseph P. , Bhethanabotla Venkat R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere is a compelling need for the development of new sensory and neural prosthetic devices which are capable of more precise point stimulation. Current prosthetic devices suffer from the limitation of low spatial resolution due to the non-specific stimulation characteristics of electrical stimulation, i.e., the spread of electric fields generated. We present a visible light stimulation method for modulating the firing patterns of electrically-excitable cells using surface plasmon resonance phenomena. In in-vitro studies using gold (Au) nanoparticle-coated nanoelectrodes, we show that this method (substrate coated with nanoparticles) has the potential for incorporating this new technology into neural stimulation prosthetics, such as cochlear implants for the deaf, with very high spatial resolution. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were coated on micropipettes using aminosilane linkers; and these micropipettes were used for stimulating and inhibiting the action potential firing patterns of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Our findings pave the way for development of biomedical implants and neural testing devices using nanoelectrodes capable of temporally and spatially precise excitation and inhibition of electrically-excitable cellular activity.
Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels
Authors: Williams Calum , Rughoobur Girish , Flewitt Andrew J. , Wilkinson Timothy D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractState-of-the-art pixels for high-resolution microdisplays utilize reflective surfaces on top of electrical backplanes. Each pixel is a single fixed color and will usually only modulate the amplitude of light. With the rise of nanophotonics, a pixel’s relatively large surface area (~10 μm2), is in effect underutilized. Considering the unique optical phenomena associated with plasmonic nanostructures, the scope for use in reflective pixel technology for increased functionality is vast. Yet in general, low reflectance due to plasmonic losses, and sub-optimal design schemes, have limited the real-world application. Here we demonstrate the plasmonic metapixel; which permits high reflection capability whilst providing vivid, polarization switchable, wide color gamut filtering. Ultra-thin nanostructured metal-insulator-metal geometries result in the excitation of hybridized absorption modes across the visible spectrum. These modes include surface plasmons and quasi-guided modes, and by tailoring the absorption modes to exist either side of target wavelengths, we achieve pixels with polarization dependent multicolor reflection on mirror-like surfaces. Because the target wavelength is not part of a plasmonic process, subtractive color filtering and mirror-like reflection occurs. We demonstrate wide color-range pixels, RGB pixel designs, and in-plane Gaussian profile pixels that have the potential to enable new functionality beyond that of a conventional ‘square’ pixel.
Contribution of cropland to the spread of Shiga toxin phages and the emergence of new Shiga toxin-producing strains
Authors: Quirós Pablo , Muniesa Maite 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA growing interest in healthy eating has lead to an increase in the consumption of vegetables, associated with a rising number of bacterial outbreaks related to fresh produce. This is the case of the outbreak in Germany, caused by a O104:H4 enteroaggregative E. coli strain lysogenic for a Stx phage. Temperate Stx phages released from their hosts occur as free particles in various environments. This study reports the occurrence of Stx phages in vegetables (lettuce, cucumber, and spinach) and cropland soil samples. Infectious Stx2 phages were found in all samples and many carried also Stx1 phages. Their persistence in vegetables, including germinated sprouts, of Stx phage 933 W and an E. coli C600 (933 W∆stx::gfp-cat) lysogen used as surrogate, showed reductions below 2 log10 units of both microorganisms at 23 °C and 4 °C over 10 days. Higher reductions (up to 3.9 log10) units were observed in cropland soils at both temperatures. Transduction of a recombinant 933 W∆stx::kan phage was observed in all matrices. Protecting against microbial contamination of vegetables is imperative to ensure a safe food chain. Since the emergence of new Stx strains by Stx phage transduction is possible in vegetable matrices, methods aimed at reducing microbial risks in vegetables should not neglect phages.
Real-Time and Tunable Substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles via Electrolysis
Authors: Sardari Behzad , Özcan Meriç 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHere we show the capability of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles formed on copper (Cu) electrodes by the electrolysis as a real time active substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We have experimentally found that using just the ultra pure water as the electrolyte and the Cu electrodes, ions are extracted from the copper anode form copper oxide nanoparticles on the anode surface in matter of minutes. Average particle size on the anode reaches to 100 nm in ninety seconds and grows to about 300 nm in five minutes. This anode is used in Raman experiments in real time as the nanoparticles were forming and the maximum enhancement factor (EF) of Raman signals were over five orders of magnitude. Other metal electrodes made of brass, zinc (Zn), silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) were also tried for the anode material for a possible real-time substrate for SERS applications. Experimentally obtained enhancement factors were above five orders of magnitude for brass electrodes like the copper but for the other metals no enhancement is observed. Electron microscope images show the cubic nanoparticle formation on copper and brass electrodes but none in the other metals studied.
Low-voltage, High-performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on 2D Crystalline Molecular Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Qijing , Jiang Sai , Qian Jun , Song Lei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yujia , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Yu , Wang Xinran , Shi Yi , Zheng Youdou , Li Yun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) molecular crystals have attracted considerable attention because of their promising potential in electrical device applications, such as high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs). However, such devices demand high voltages, thereby considerably increasing power consumption. This study demonstrates the fabrication of organic FETs based on 2D crystalline films as semiconducting channels. The application of high-κ oxide dielectrics allows the transistors run under a low operating voltage (−4 V). The devices exhibited a high electrical performance with a carrier mobility up to 9.8 cm2 V−1 s−1. Further results show that the AlOx layer is beneficial to the charge transport at the conducting channels of FETs. Thus, the device strategy presented in this work is favorable for 2D molecular crystal-based transistors that can operate under low voltages.
Sphingomyelin as a myelin biomarker in CSF of acquired demyelinating neuropathies
Authors: Capodivento Giovanna , Visigalli Davide , Garnero Martina , Fancellu Roberto , Ferrara Michela Demetra , Basit Abdul , Hamid Zeeshan , Pastore Vito Paolo , Garibaldi Silvano , Armirotti Andrea , Mancardi Gianluigi , Serrati Carlo , Capello Elisabetta , Schenone Angelo , Nobbio Lucilla 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFast, accurate and reliable methods to quantify the amount of myelin still lack, both in humans and experimental models. The overall objective of the present study was to demonstrate that sphingomyelin (SM) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients affected by demyelinating neuropathies is a myelin biomarker. We found that SM levels mirror both peripheral myelination during development and small myelin rearrangements in experimental models. As in acquired demyelinating peripheral neuropathies myelin breakdown occurs, SM amount in the CSF of these patients might detect the myelin loss. Indeed, quantification of SM in 262 neurological patients showed a significant increase in patients with peripheral demyelination (p = 3.81 * 10 − 8) compared to subjects affected by non-demyelinating disorders. Interestingly, SM alone was able to distinguish demyelinating from axonal neuropathies and differs from the principal CSF indexes, confirming the novelty of this potential CSF index. In conclusion, SM is a specific and sensitive biomarker to monitor myelin pathology in the CSF of peripheral neuropathies. Most importantly, SM assay is simple, fast, inexpensive, and promising to be used in clinical practice and drug development.
TonEBP/NFAT5 haploinsufficiency attenuates hippocampal inflammation in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Lee Jong Youl , Jeong Eun Ae , Kim Kyung Eun , Yi Chin-ok , Jin Zhen , Lee Jung Eun , Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Hyun Joon , Kang Sang Soo , Cho Gyeong Jae , Choi Wan Sung , Choi Soo Youn , Kwon H. Moo , Roh Gu Seob 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent studies have shown that overexpression of tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is associated with many inflammatory diseases, including diabetes mellitus, which causes neuroinflammation in the hippocampus as well as hepatic steatosis. However, the exact mechanism in diabetic neuroinflammation is unknown. We report that haploinsufficiency of TonEBP inhibits hepatic and hippocampal high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) expression in diabetic mice. Here, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and followed by continued HFD feeding for an additional 4 weeks to induce hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis. Compared with wild-type diabetic mice, diabetic TonEBP+/− mice showed decreased body weight, fat mass, hepatic steatosis, and macrophage infiltration. We also found that adipogenesis and HMGB1 expression in the liver and hippocampus were lower in diabetic TonEBP+/− mice compared with the wild type. Furthermore, iba-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus was decreased in diabetic TonEBP+/− mice compared with that in the wild type. Our findings suggest that TonEBP haploinsufficiency suppresses diabetes-associated hepatic steatosis and neuroinflammation.
Photo-enhanced electrocatalysis of sea-urchin shaped Ni3(VO4)2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chang Bin , Zhao Gang , Shao Yongliang , Zhang Lei , Huang Baibiao , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng 
Published: August 2017

Under visible light irradiation, photoinduced electrons help the sea-urchin shaped Ni3(VO4)2 electrocatalyst achieve a drastic enhancement of HER activity (Tafel slope of 50 mV per decade) and excellent stability without any cocatalysts.
Injizierbare Füllmaterialien – Update und Zukunftsperspektive
Authors: Aitzetmüller Matthias M. , Sukhova Inesa , Huemer Georg M. , Machens Hans-Guenther , Schantz Jan-Thorsten , Duscher Dominik 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungNeben der kosmetischen Verwendung kommen injizierbare Füllmaterialien auch im Bereich der plastisch-rekonstruktiven Therapie von
Kontourdefekten am gesamten Körper zum Einsatz. Das ideale Füllmaterial sollte einfach zu injizieren und gut formbar sein, möglichst lange
im Körper verweilen, weder allergen, kanzerogen noch anfällig für Infekte oder Biofilme sein, jedoch trotzdem potentiell reversibel,
temperaturstabil und billig sein. Es gibt trotz eines großen Forschungsaufwandes in den letzten Jahrzehnten noch immer keinen Filler, der
all diese Kriterien erfüllt. Mittlerweile ist eine breite Palette an Materialien, die unterschiedlichste Charakteristiken aufweisen,
verfügbar. Hyaluronsäure, Kollagen (human oder bovin), Poly-Milchsäure (PLLA), Calcium-Hydroxyapatit (CaHA), Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA),
Silikon und Eigenfett sind zurzeit allesamt in klinischer Anwendung für verschiedenste Indikationen. Bei der Auswahl und Anwendung der
Filler-Materialien muss zwischen Wirkdauer und Komplikationsrate abgewogen werden. Die Verwendung von permanenten Füllmaterialien geht mit
einer erhöhten Rate an Nebenwirkungen wie Erytheme, Ödeme, Abszesse oder Ulzera einher. Die aktuellen Forschungsbemühungen auf industrieller
und universitärer Ebene lassen einen Trend zugunsten der Entwicklung besser biokompatibler und trotzdem länger haltbarer
Augmentationsmaterialien erkennen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen Überblick über die momentan gängigsten Filler-Materialien mit ihren
Vor- und Nachteilen bieten und gleichzeitig neue potentiell erfolgreiche Ansätze beleuchten.
Organization and somatotopy of corticothalamic projections from L5B in mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Sumser Anton , Mease Rebecca A. , Sakmann Bert , Groh Alexander 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceIn the somatosensory system, signals are transduced from peripheral sensors up to the cerebral cortex in a topographic manner, meaning that the relative spatial organization of the sensory receptors is represented by a map in the cortex. Because the somatosensory cortex is not the terminus of sensory signals, we investigated whether topographic maps are maintained beyond the cortex via cortical output pathways from thick-tufted layer 5B (L5B) neurons. We found that L5B neurons in the somatosensory cortex topographically target six separate subcortical nuclei with area-specific projection strength, map orientation, and topographic precision. Thus topographic organization persists beyond the primary cortex via the L5B pathway with target-specific precision.
On scope interaction between subject QPs and negation in child grammar
Authors: Miyamoto Yoichi , Yatsushiro Kazuko 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In adult grammar, languages such as English exhibit scope flexibility between the universal quantifier in the subject position and negation (Horn 1989; Jackendoff 1972), whereas languages such as Japanese and German do not (Lechner 1996; Miyagawa 2010, among others). This paper elucidates children’s ability to detect scope ambiguity between universal and existential quantifiers in subject position and negation in Japanese and German. Importantly, these two languages seem to share a property regarding the surface position of subjects in adult grammar: Ueda (2002), Saito (2011), among others argue that a subject is located in the CP domain in Japanese, and a preverbal subject in German is also widely assumed to be located in the CP domain, due to its V2 nature (den Besten 1983; Schwartz & Vikner 1996, among others). However, a detailed examination of the properties of subjects in these two languages reveals that their wide scope interpretation may be due to different mechanisms. It will be shown that although different restrictions are posed on Japanese and German reconstruction in adult grammar, these restrictions may be lifted in child grammar, which enables us to compare reconstruction effects that we may observe in Japanese and German child grammar. We conduct experiments, adopting the truth value judgment task (Crain & McKee 1985), in order to examine how Japanese and German children interpret sentences with a subject universal or existential quantifier and negation. We anticipate that Japanese and German children both allow scope ambiguity between universal and existential quantifiers in subject position and negation. The present study leads us to identify the position of the subject in Japanese child grammar.
Imperatives and responsiveness in Finnish conversation
Authors: Sorjonen Marja-Leena 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on two types of imperative turn design for implementing a responsive action in Finnish interaction, one without modal particles (bare imperatives) and another one containing the particle vaa(n) (coming in this usage close to, e.g., English just, German mal or Danish bare; modulated imperatives). It is shown that these two imperatively formatted turn designs are used differently for responding and that the prior actions to which they respond are different. More specifically, these two turn design types can implement different kinds of responsive action (e.g., giving support, encouraging, giving permission), depending on their sequential position and the relation of the participants to a possible larger project in which the action being discussed forms a part. In most of the cases the imperatively formatted turn is given as a response to the prior speaker’s mentioning of a possible intention to do a certain action, expressed with a first-person declarative or interrogative clause in the present tense. The turns formatted as bare imperatives respond to a prior turn that presents the nominated action as a future fact, whereas the turn design [IMP + vaa(n)] is used to respond to a turn in which the prior speaker has displayed uncertainty about whether to do the action nominated. The turn design with the modal particle vaa(n) indexes more precisely the kind of responsive action that the turn is implementing, related to the use of the particle as a focus particle. This character of the [IMP + vaa(n)] design makes it usable for removing uncertainty by the co-participant that has remained unspoken in the interaction but that the recipient has detected. It is argued that the responsive character of the imperatively formatted turn and the type of prior turn it responds to have an impact on the extent to which they express directive force.
Assigning roles and responsibilities
Authors: Rauniomaa Mirka 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The study examines turns-at-talk with which a participant directs another in a mobile instructional setting, i.e., directive actions produced by an instructor to a student during a driving session. The data comprise video recordings from voluntary training for car drivers who have a valid license but little practical experience. The study focuses on the instructor’s directive actions that are formatted as second-person imperatives. In contrast with other turn formats that promote an activity as a joint one, second-person imperatives define what the recipient is individually responsible for. Such directive actions either reinstate and make explicit roles and responsibilities that have not yet been followed through to an adequate degree, or set up certain roles and responsibilities for the participants based on their positions in space and their access to instrumentation relevant for the activity. In this way, imperatively formatted directives address the participants’ expectations about how the activity should appropriately unfold – expectations that are constantly being constructed through and reflected in the formatting of single actions.
A primer to clinical genome sequencing
Authors: Priest James R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
Genome sequencing is now available as a clinical diagnostic test. There is a significant knowledge and translation gap for nongenetic specialists of the processes necessary to generate and interpret clinical genome sequencing. The purpose of this review is to provide a primer on contemporary clinical genome sequencing for nongenetic specialists describing the human genome project, current techniques and applications in genome sequencing, limitations of current technology, and techniques on the horizon.

Recent findings
As currently implemented, genome sequencing compares short pieces of an individual's genome with a reference sequence developed by the human genome project. Genome sequencing may be used for obtaining timely diagnostic information, cancer pharmacogenomics, or in clinical cases when previous genetic testing has not revealed a clear diagnosis. At present, the implementation of clinical genome sequencing is limited by the availability of clinicians qualified for interpretation, and current techniques in used clinical testing do not detect all types of genetic variation present in a single genome.

Summary
Clinicians considering a genetic diagnosis have wide array of testing choices which now includes genome sequencing. Although not a comprehensive test in its current form, genome sequencing offers more information than gene-panel or exome sequencing and has the potential to replace targeted single-gene or gene-panel testing in many clinical scenarios.
Barriers to Exercise Among Women With Urgency Urinary Incontinence: Patient and Provider Perspectives
Authors: Khanijow Kavita D. , Pahwa Avita K. , Newman Diane K. , Arya Lily A. , Andy Uduak U. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe important barriers to exercise in older women with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) from the patient and provider perspectives.

Methods
Six focus groups (2 in active women, 2 in sedentary women, and 2 in providers) were conducted with 36 women with UUI and 18 providers. Focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. All transcripts were coded and analyzed by 2 independent reviewers. Investigators identified emergent themes and concepts using a modified biopsychosocial conceptual model.

Results
A wide range of physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors were perceived to influence exercise. Although women with UUI identified pain as a strong barrier to exercise, providers did not. Both women with UUI and providers identified shame associated with incontinence as a significant barrier, and, conversely, satisfaction with UUI treatment was noted as an enabler for exercising. Women and providers had incongruent views on the need for supervision during exercise; women viewed supervision as a barrier to exercise, whereas providers viewed lack of supervision as a barrier to exercise. Opportunity for socialization was noted as a major enabler of exercise by all groups and suggests that exercise programs that promote interactions with peers may increase exercise participation. The importance of financial incentive and reimbursement was congruent between women and their providers.

Conclusions
Women with UUI have unique perspectives on barriers to exercise. Understanding women's perspective can aid clinicians and researchers in improving exercise counseling and in creating exercise programs for women with UUI.