bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI UJIAN ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN SIMUDIK PADA DDWK PAK KANTOR KEMENTERIAN AGAMA KOTA PEKALONGAN
Authors: Jiu Author 
Published: October 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan ujian online menggunakan simudik pada pada DDWK (Diklat di Wilayah Kerja) PAK (Penilaian Angka Kredit) Kantor Kementerian Agama Kota Pekalongan. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah dapat memberikan informasi tentang pelaksanaan ujian online menggunakan simudik pada DDWK (Diklat di Wilayah Kerja) PAK (Penilaian Angka Kredit) Kantor Kementerian Agama Kota Pekalongan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode kualitatif yang memiliki ciri khusus antara lain penekanan pada pengalaman langsung, proses, dan penafsiran peneliti. Penelitian dilakukan dengan diamati secara langsung untuk mendapatkan informasi pelaksanaan ujian online dan informasi tersebut dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan ujian online pada tahun 2015 dan 2016 menghasilkan suatu rekomendasi bahwa pada tahun 2017 untuk pretest dan posttest diklat di wilayah kerja (DDWK) yang dilaksanakan di luar kampus Balai Diklat Keagamaan Semarang menggunakan simudik. Ada beberapa hal yang harus dipersiapkan terkait dengan pelaksanaan ujian simudik pada diklat DDWK. Hal-hal yang harus dipersiapakan dalam pelaksanaan ujian simudik adalah sumber daya manusia (widyaiswara, panitia dan peserta diklat), kelas DDWK PAK Kota Pekalongan pada simudik, soal ujian yang sudah diupload oleh pendamping (widyaiswara) dan username serta password peserta diklat yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam kelas DDWK PAK Kota Pekalongan. Setelah kelas, soal ujian dan peserta DDWK PAK Kota Pekalongan sudah diinput dalam simdiklat oleh widyaiswara adalah melakukan simulasi ujian online dan selanjutnya melaksanakan pretest di awal pembelajaran bagi para peserta diklat.Pelaksanaan ujian online diawali dengan tahap persiapan yaitu widyaiswara sebagai penanggungjawab mata kuliah membuat dan menyeting kelas, membuat dan mengupload soal ke simudik, memasukkan peserta diklat ke kelas, membuatkan username dan password peserta diklat agar bisa masuk ke simudik. Tahap pelaksanaan ujian online adalah peserta diklat masuk ke www.simudik.com dengan menggunakan username dan password yang telah dipersiapakan oleh widyaiswara dan panitia pendamping, kemudian start test dan setelah selesai melaksanakan klik end test. Setelah mengklik end test maka hasil pretest dan posttest akan langsung diketahui hasilnya baik oleh widyaiswara maupun oleh peserta diklat.Agar pelaksanaan ujian online dapat berjalan dengan lancar tanpa adanya hambatan koneksi internet maka panitia pendamping perlu menginformasikan kepada kementerian agama kabupaten/kota yang akan dijadikan lokus kediklatan agar para peserta diklat sudah mempersiapkan modem atau paket data di HP android pada saat mengikuti kegiatan DDWK.
DETERMINATION OF THE QUALITY OF RAW MILK FROM BLACK AND WHITE COWS FROM BIGA (CANAKKALE, TURKEY)
Authors: UZATICI Ahmet , TONGUC YAYINTAS Ozlem 
Published: October 2017

In this research, the subject of inquiry is whether the raw milk in Havdan, Güleçköy and Gürçeşme villages of Biga region is produced according to food safety standards as well as their somatic cell count and chemical characteristics.
For this purpose, 32 samples from Havdan village, 68 from Güleçköy and 16 singular samples from Gürçeşme village. Fat, fatless dry material, protein, somatic cell count, freezing point, cryoscope water amount, lactose and density values of the raw samples have been inquired. Somatic cell count of the produced raw milk turned out to be higher than estimated values in “Turkish Food Codex Raw and Heat Treated Drinking Milk Communiqué Türk Gıda Kodeksi Çiğ ve Isıl İşlem Görmüş İçme Sütleri Tebliği”. With precautions to be followed in companies, remarkable outcomes will be accomplished in order to decrease somatic cell count.
Dust-trapping Vortices and a Potentially Planet-triggered Spiral Wake in the Pre-transitional Disk of V1247 Orionis
Authors: Kraus Stefan , Kreplin Alexander , Fukugawa Misato , Muto Takayuki , Sitko Michael L. , Young Alison K. , Bate Matthew R. , Grady Carol , Harries Tim T. , Monnier John D. , Willson Matthew , Wisniewski John 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The radial drift problem constitutes one of the most fundamental problems in planet formation theory, as it predicts particles to drift into the star before they are able to grow to planetesimal size. Dust-trapping vortices have been proposed as a possible solution to this problem, as they might be able to trap particles over millions of years, allowing them to grow beyond the radial drift barrier. Here, we present ALMA 0.″04 resolution imaging of the pre-transitional disk of V1247 Orionis that reveals an asymmetric ring as well as a sharply confined crescent structure, resembling morphologies seen in theoretical models of vortex formation. The asymmetric ring (at 0.″17 = 54 au separation from the star) and the crescent (at 0.″38 = 120 au) seem smoothly connected through a one-armed spiral-arm structure that has been found previously in scattered light. We propose a physical scenario with a planet orbiting at ∼0.″3 ≈ 100 au, where the one-armed spiral arm detected in polarized light traces the accretion stream feeding the protoplanet. The dynamical influence of the planet clears the gap between the ring and the crescent and triggers two vortices that trap millimeter-sized particles, namely, the crescent and the bright asymmetry seen in the ring. We conducted dedicated hydrodynamics simulations of a disk with an embedded planet, which results in similar spiral-arm morphologies as seen in our scattered-light images. At the position of the spiral wake and the crescent we also observe 12CO(3-2) and H12CO+ (4-3) excess line emission, likely tracing the increased scale-height in these disk regions.
Aflibercept in Serous Foveal Detachment in Dome-Shaped Macula: Short-Term Results in a Retrospective Study
Authors: Giacomelli Giovanni , Mencucci Rita , Sodi Andrea , Biagini Ilaria , Abbruzzese Giacomo , Giuntoli Matteo , Rizzo Stanislao , Virgili Gianni 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate short-term efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY) in serous foveal detachment (SFD) in dome-shaped macula (DSM).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective, noncomparative case series. Three monthly aflibercept injections were administered. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography central subfield thickness (CST), and subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline and at 2 months and 4 months after the last injection were considered for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:

The authors reviewed nine eyes affected by SFD in DSM. Mean BCVA improved from 0.42 LogMAR at baseline to 0.33 LogMAR at final follow-up (
P
= .06), and mean CST and SRF reduced from 347 μm to 295 μm (
P
= .09) and from 146 μm to 99 μm (
P
< .01), respectively. None of the considered eyes had resolution of the SRF.

CONCLUSIONS:
Three monthly aflibercept injections may improve BCVA and reduce CST and SRF in SFD of DSM. Further prospective studies are necessary to state the real efficacy of this approach.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:822–828.]
Awareness of health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke from cigarettes: A cross-sectional study of never-smoked adult primary care patients in Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Pascal Iloh Gabriel Uche , Collins Peace Ifeoma 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking whether actively or passively is a growing public health problem. Despite the wealth of information on the hazards of active cigarette smoking, awareness of the health effects of passive smoking on human population is often neglected in Nigeria. Aim: The study was aimed at describing the awareness of health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke from cigarettes among never-smoked adult primary care patients in Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based study carried out on a cross-section of 500 adult patients in a primary care clinic in Nigeria. Data were collected using pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Exposure to secondhand smoke was defined as exposure to cigarette smoke in a never-smoked adult patient in the previous 1 year. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 for the calculation of percentages for categorical variables. Bivariate analysis involving Chi-square test was used to test for significance of association between categorical variables at P < 0.05. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 74 years, with a mean age of 36 ± 12.4 years. There were 180 (36.0%) males with 320 (64%) females, with a sex ratio of 1.8. Awareness of general health effects of secondhand smoke on adults, children, and pregnant women was 95.6%, 92.8%, and 65.2%, respectively. The most common specific health effects the respondents were aware for adults, children, and obstetric population were lung cancer (95.6%), precipitation of asthmatic condition (92.8%), and delivery of small babies (65.2%), respectively. The predominant source of awareness of information was radio (93.6%). Awareness of general health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke on adults (P = 0.041), children (P = 0.031), and obstetrics population (P = 0.02) was significantly associated with exposure status. Conclusion: The most common health effects of secondhand smoke the respondents had highest awareness were lung cancer, precipitation of asthmatic attacks, and delivery of small babies in adults, children, and obstetric population, respectively. Awareness of general health effects on adults, children, and obstetrics population was significantly associated with exposure status. The current level of awareness should be improved while effort should be intensified to address identified areas of low level of awareness.
Technical note: The US Dobson station network data record prior to 2015, re-evaluation of NDACC and WOUDC archived records with WinDobson processing software
Authors: Evans Robert D. , Petropavlovskikh Irina , McClure-Begley Audra , McConville Glen , Quincy Dorothy , Miyagawa Koji 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The United States government has operated Dobson ozone spectrophotometers at various sites, starting during the International Geophysical Year (1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958). A network of stations for long-term monitoring of the total column content (thickness of the ozone layer) of the atmosphere was established in the early 1960s and eventually grew to 16 stations, 14 of which are still operational and submit data to the United States of America's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Seven of these sites are also part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), an organization that maintains its own data archive. Due to recent changes in data processing software the entire dataset was re-evaluated for possible changes. To evaluate and minimize potential changes caused by the new processing software, the reprocessed data record was compared to the original data record archived in the World Ozone and UV Data Center (WOUDC) in Toronto, Canada. The history of the observations at the individual stations, the instruments used for the NOAA network monitoring at the station, the method for reducing zenith-sky observations to total ozone, and calibration procedures were re-evaluated using data quality control tools built into the new software. At the completion of the evaluation, the new datasets are to be published as an update to the WOUDC and NDACC archives, and the entire dataset is to be made available to the scientific community. The procedure for reprocessing Dobson data and the results of the reanalysis on the archived record are presented in this paper. A summary of historical changes to 14 station records is also provided.
Unusual association of Merkel-cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol and hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: Casual or causal relation?
Authors: Addario Luigi , Hashim Ahmed , Marino Marsilia G. , Monti Emanuela , Tritto Giovanni 
Published: October 2017

Background: Merkel-cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer. The estimated annual incidence rate of MCC is increasing, and the mortality rate is considerably higher worse than that of cutaneous melanoma. The risk of MCC is higher in immunosuppressed patients and in those with other malignancies.Case representation: The present report is the first description of MCC associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in an immunocompetent patient with alcohol and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver cirrhosis.Conclusions: This case supports the hypothesis of HCV systemic oncogenicity, suggested by previous reports describing an association of this virus with lympho-proliferative disease, gastrointestinal, kidney, and breast malignancies, even though a causal relation or mechanism have not been clearly established. Further studies are needed to clarify whether the impairment of immune system associated with advanced cirrhosis may also play a role, by allowing opportunistic viruses to initiate oncogenic pathways. This paper finally highlights the importance of the screening for skin and systemic disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Improved Exchange Rate Farmers through Rice Falied Crop Intensification in Tolitoli, Indonesia
Authors: Bantilan Nursida K. , Wahyuningsih Made Antara , Rauf Rustam Abd 
Published: October 2017

Farmer Trade Rate (NTP) is a price comparison received by farmers at the price paid by farmers, which is one indicator measure the welfare of farmers. The analysis of NTP research, has been conducted (Budi, 2015; BPS, 2013; Simatupang, 2007; Mokuwa, 2013; Jhung Ahn, 2016) note that low NTP is affected by production, household consumption, Selling of rice and the use of superior seeds. Despite efforts to improve NTP has not been done, so too In Tolitoli. The result is difficult to know the level of farmers' welfare in terms of the size of NTP obtained by farmers. So to increase the NTP used agricultural intensification by using organic fertilizer, which can increase NTP. The purpose to know the factors that affect (NTP), the magnitude of the increase in NTP improve the welfare of farmers, and comparisons of NTP users of organic and inorganic fertilizers. This study uses primary data obtained from farmers through direct interviews using a prepared list of questions. Farmer of respondents was taken by using slovin method so that determined big sample of rice farmer farmer as many as 117 people apply intensification by using organic fertilizer. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the research showed that the influence of NTP, the Food Consumption Exchange Rate (NTKP) and the Production Factor Exchange Rate (NTFP) contributed 86.7% and significantly to the increase of NTP. Increased NTP of Organic Fertilizer has implication to farmer's prosperity. Organic fertilizer users obtain higher NTP than inorganic fertilizer users. Can be concluded intensification system by using organic fertilizer can increase NTP.
Fem elevers föreställningar om organsystem – vad händer i kroppen när vi dricker vatten? "Five students’ ideas about organ systems – what happens in the body when we drink water?"
Authors: Enochson Pernilla Granklint , Redfors Andreas 
Published: October 2017

It has earlier been shown on a group level that it is difficult for 9th grade students (15-16 years old) in a Swedish school to understand how water is transported in the human body. The detailed analysis of five Swedish students in the 9th and final year of compulsory school concerning their ideas about water transportation is presented here. The empirical data consists of drawings, answers to a questionnaire with both open ended and multiple-choice questions, and student interviews. The analysis shows that all the students struggle to produce explanations involving the three organ systems: digestive, blood and excretion systems and they seem to use a variety of explanatory models as basis for their reasoning. Possible ways of understanding this are discussed together with implications for future teaching.
Health care or Atom bombs? Interest profiles connected to a science career in Sweden
Authors: Oskarsson Magnus , Karlsson Karl-Göran 
Published: October 2017

The ROSE survey explores which science topics 15-year-old students want to study. By carrying out a factor analysis on results from Sweden it was possible to describe ten interest profiles. The interest profile with the strongest connection to the students’ interest in school science consists of topics such as explosive chemicals, ABC weapons, electric shocks, atoms and molecules. Only a minority of the students has these interests, but it is this minority who appreciates school science and who chooses to study science at upper secondary school. The factor analysis also reveals large differences between genders and furthermore, that the students’ own interests govern their choice of study programme at upper secondary school.
TIMSS Advanced 2008: Fall i fysikk-kompetanse i Norge og Sverige
Authors: Angell Carl , Lie Svein , Rohatgi Anubha 
Published: October 2017

TIMSS Advanced 2008 is an international comparative study, and deals with examining student achievement in mathematics and physics in the final year at upper secondary school. The theme of this article is to look at how Norwegian and Swedish students performed in physics in 2008 compared to the study conducted in 1995. The results from the TIMSS Advanced study provide an unambiguous picture. There is a significant decline in the performance in physics since the previous study in 1995 for both Norwegian and Swedish students. One important reason is related to the generally low level of results in science and mathematics at all levels in schools as shown by the downward trend for students in lower grades. The decline in physics performance can thus be explained by the fact that students with significantly weaker skills than before in mathematics and science come into upper secondary school. Lack of knowledge of basic arithmetic and algebra seems to be a contributing factor for this downwards trend in physics at upper secondary school level.
Hvordan åpne for vitenskapshistorie i naturfagundervisning
Authors: Knain Erik 
Published: October 2017

How to represent the nature of science in an authentic way so that the argumentative aspect of science inquiry is not lost is investigated in terms of representations of the history of science. By comparing representations of the development of the Big Bang theory, successive shifts from Big Bang as an established fact to the processes of establishing this fact points to dilemmas and choices involved in teaching the nature of science. Texts from school textbooks, from a historian of science (Helge Kragh) and from a science sociologist (Bruno Latour) are discussed in order to point to key steps from product to process. Three levels of depth in tracing the historical development of a scientific fact are inferred.
The formality of learning science in everyday life: A conceptual literature review
Authors: Dohn Niels Bonderup 
Published: October 2017

The terms non-formal and informal are attributed to learning in everyday life by many authors, often linked to their interests in particular learning practices. However, many authors use the terms without any clear definition, or employ conflicting definitions and boundaries. An analysis of relevant literature revealed two fundamentally different interpretations of informal learning. The one describes formality of education at the organizational level, while the second describes formality of learning at the psychological level. This article presents a conceptual reconciling of these two perspectives. Based on a literature review, the educational modes of education are defined as discrete entities (formal, non-formal, and informal education), whereas formality at the psychological level is defined in terms of attributes of formality and informality along a continuum (formal ↔ informal learning). Relations to other well-established frameworks within the field of informal learning are discussed.
Metode for analyse av læreplaner i naturfag – anvendt på den norske læreplanen
Authors: Holt Anne , Øyehaug Anne Bergliot 
Published: October 2017

In this paper we suggest a method for analysing curriculums in science, and we use this to investigate how the present Norwegian science curriculum prepares students for scientific informed citizenry. Science is both a body of knowledge that represents current understanding of natural systems and the process where that body of knowledge has been established and is being continually extended, refined, and revised. Both elements are truly essential, a student cannot understand science without being competent in both. Thus, there are clear recommendations about how to teach science in school, described as four strands of learning. The method analyses competence descriptions both according to the four strands and taxonomic level (depth of knowledge). The analysis shows that the Norwegian curriculum only to a certain degree correlates to recommendations about how science should be taught. Moreover, it seems like the method has potential beyond science curriculum analysis.
Teknologi og design i nye læreplaner i Norge: Hvilken vinkling har fagområdet fått i naturfagplanen?
Authors: Bungum Berit 
Published: October 2017

The new curriculum for compulsory education in Norway deﬁnes “Technology and design” as a multidisciplinary area, and this area has received a relatively strong position in the curriculum for science. This article describes the process of deﬁning Technology and design in the formal curriculum. It then presents an analysis of how the curriculum approaches Technology and design in various phases towards the ﬁnal formal curriculum. The analysis focuses on how ideas from Design & Technology as a subject in England and Wales have inﬂuenced the formation of the curriculum, and what relationship between science and technology it communicates. It is concluded that there has been a shift from new ideas towards more traditional science content during the process. The new science curriculum nevertheless facilitates a “partnership approach” to science and technology teaching in Norwegian schools, rather than communicating a view of technology as “applied science”
Kan elevene mindre enn før? Naturfagkompetanse i Norden i perioden 1995 – 2003
Authors: Kjærnsli Marit , Lie Svein , Turmo Are 
Published: October 2017

This article presents and discusses changes in science competency in the period from 1995 to 2003 in the Nordic countries based on analyses of data from PISA and TIMSS. One central feature of the PISA and TIMSS surveys is to study changes in students’ competency over time in absolute terms. Some items are kept secure from cycle to cycle, and based on these items it is possible to create trend data, i.e. to place students who have taken tests at different times on the same cognitive scale. This is done by the use of modern psychometrical methods. The results show a decline in Norway and Sweden, while a positive development is found in Finland.