bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA24: Forcing through tumor metastasis: Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity by matrix stiffness
Authors: Yang Jing 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In cancer, the presence of dense clusters of collagen fibrils indicates increased matrix stiffness and correlates with poor survival. Previous studies have identified a functional role for matrix stiffness in driving tumor progression, but it is unclear how mechanical inputs are transduced into transcriptional outputs to drive tumor metastasis.
To investigate mechanisms of tumor cell mechanotransduction, we utilized a 3D Matrigel culture of murine (Eph4Ras) or human (MCF10A, MCF10DCIS, Bt-549) mammary epithelial cells coupled with a polyacrylamide hydrogel base with calibrated elastic moduli ranging between ~150Pa of normal mammary gland and ~5700Pa of breast tumor tissues. This approach allows for the interrogation of the effects of changes in matrix stiffness independent of other biochemical variables in extracellular matrix (ECM). Using this system, we show that increasing matrix stiffness induced morphological changes resembling the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) program. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing matrix stiffness could directly signal through EMT-inducing transcription factors to induce EMT and promote invasion.
Using a combination of bioengineering, cell biollogy, proteomic, imaging, and murine tumor modeling approaches, we found that the EMT-inducing transcription factor TWIST1 is an essential mechanomediator that promotes EMT in response to increasing matrix stiffness. Loss of Twist1 prevents matrix stiffness-induced EMT and tumor cell invasion. TGF-beta signaling, a major EMT-inducing biochemical signal, acts synergistically with increasing matrix stiffness, the mechanical cure to induce a complete EMT program in a Twist1-dependent manner. At the compliant matrix stiffness, TWIST1 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by its cytoplasmic binding partner G3BP2, thus preventing TWIST1 from accessing DNA to drive EMT. High matrix stiffness promotes nuclear translocation of TWIST1 by releasing TWIST1 from G3BP2. Loss of G3BP2 leads to constitutive TWIST1 nuclear localization and synergizes with increasing matrix stiffness to induce EMT and invasion in a Twist1-dependent manner. In MCF10DCIS breast tumor xenografts, loss of G3BP2 promotes local invasion and distant metastasis in the lung. In human stage-3 breast tumors, collagen fiber alignment, a marker of increasing matrix stiffness, and reduced expression of G3BP2 together predict poor survival.
Together, our findings reveal a TWIST1-G3BP2 mechanotransduction pathway that responds to biomechanical signals from the tumor microenvironment to drive EMT, invasion and metastasis.
Citation Format: Jing Yang. Forcing through tumor metastasis: Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity by matrix stiffness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
Abstract PR05: Control of the melanoma metastatic phenotype by A-to-I microRNA editing
Authors: Shoshan Einav , Huang Li , Vasquez Mayra E. , Lee Ho-Jeong , Kim Sun-Jin , Ivan Cristina , Calin George A. , Sood Anil K. , Hwu Patrick , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Markel Gal , Fidler Isaiah J. , Bar-Eli Menashe 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Although recent studies have shown that adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs in microRNAs, its effects on tumor growth and metastasis are not well understood. We present evidence of CREB-mediated low expression of ADAR1 in metastatic melanoma cell lines and tumor specimens. Re-expression of ADAR1 resulted in the suppression of melanoma growth and metastasis in vivo. Consequently, we identified 3 miRs (miR-455-5P, mir-378-3P, miR-324-5P) undergoing A-to-I editing in the low-metastatic melanoma cell lines but not in highly metastatic. One of these miRs, miR-455-5P has two A-to-I RNA editing sites. The biological function of edited miR-455-5P is different from the unedited form. Indeed, w.t. miR-455 promotes melanoma metastasis via inhibition of the tumor suppressor gene CPEB1 . Moreover, w.t. miR-455 enhances melanoma growth and metastasis in vivo while the edited form inhibits these features mainly by affecting the tumor microenvironment. TCGA analysis confirmed accumulation of wild-type miR-455 in metastatic melanoma lesions. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of RNA editing in melanoma progression.
Citation Format: Einav Shoshan, Li Huang, Mayra E. Vasquez, Ho-Jeong Lee, Sun-Jin Kim, Cristina Ivan, George A. Calin, Anil K. Sood, Patrick Hwu, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Gal Markel, Isaiah J. Fidler, Menashe Bar-Eli. Control of the melanoma metastatic phenotype by A-to-I microRNA editing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr PR05.
Abstract PR07: Mechanisms of stromal reprogramming mediated by heat shock factor 1
Authors: Scherz-Shouval Ruth , Mendillo Marc L. , Gaglia Giorgio , Ben-Aharon Irit , Beck Andrew H. , Whitesell Luke , Lindquist Susan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
For tumors to form, progress and metastasize, they must recruit and reprogram normal cells in their microenvironment into a pro-tumorigenic stroma. Yet little is known about the pathways leading to stromal reprogramming. We hypothesized that such reprogramming would not be mediated by classic oncogenes, since the stroma is relatively genetically stable. Instead we propose that cancer cells hijack normal cytoprotective stress responses, and subvert them to enable stromal reprogramming. We found that Heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), master regulator of the heat-shock response, plays a crucial role in this process. Across a broad range of human cancers, HSF1 is activated in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In early stage breast and lung cancer, high stromal HSF1 activation is strongly associated with poor patient outcome. In fibroblasts co-cultured with cancer cells, HSF1 drives a transcriptional program that supports cancer phenotypes. This program is profoundly different from the transcriptional program it drives in cancer cells or in heat-shocked cells. Here we characterize mechanisms leading to activation of this unique stromal program and describe the contribution of cancer cells to this process. We then explore the stromal HSF1 program in patients. We apply computational and experimental approaches to define independent cancer and stromal HSF1 signatures and highlight the prognostic value of these signatures in human breast cancer. Billions of years of evolution through changing environments led organisms to develop an arsenal of cytoprotective pathways to promote their survival under stressful conditions. Our work provides insights into the ways by which tumors co-opt these normal biological networks to support their survival in the stressful tumor microenvironment.
This abstract is also presented as Poster B40.
Citation Format: Ruth Scherz-Shouval, Marc L. Mendillo, Giorgio Gaglia, Irit Ben-Aharon, Andrew H. Beck, Luke Whitesell, Susan Lindquist. Mechanisms of stromal reprogramming mediated by heat shock factor 1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.
Bottom Temperatures in Drake Passage
Authors: Tracey Karen L. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Watts D. Randolph 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLong time series of bottom temperatures in the Southern Ocean are rare. The cDrake array with over 40 current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders, moored across Drake Passage to monitor the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) variability and transport, measured temperature at 1 and 50 m above the seafloor at depths ≥ 3500 m and at the southern continental margin. The 4-yr dataset provided an opportunity to examine the temporal and spatial scales of bottom temperature variability. High variability was observed; ranges were 0.5°–0.9°C in the northern passage and 0.3°–0.6°C in the southern passage. Standard deviations in the two regions were 0.1°–0.15°C and <0.05°C, respectively. Meandering of the ACC with its deep-reaching thermocline accounted for up to 50% of the observed bottom temperature variance. Northern passage temperatures, spaced less than 40 km apart, were correlated with each other, while those in the southern portion, separated by 60–70 km, were not. A gap in the West Scotia Ridge provided a deep passageway for cold water to reach the northern passage from the southern basin; an extreme event during February 2008 brought bottom waters with in situ temperatures below 0.38°C as far north as 57°S. Strong vertical temperature gradients between 1 and 50 m above the bottom occurred intermittently due to intrusions associated with deep eddy circulations arising beneath the meandering jet and to flow over steep topography, permitting the generation of internal waves. High variability in temperature on interannual time scales requires record lengths of 13–17 yr to estimate long-term trends reliably.
Structural Determination, DFT Calculation, and Formation Mechanism of Ethyl 2-Cyano-3-alkoxypent-2-enoates Synthesized via Ru-Mediated Coupling Reaction between α,β-Unsaturated Acetals and Cyanoacetate
Authors: Seino Hidetake , Kondo Takumi , Mochizuki Chihiro , Tokunaga Ken , Yamaguchi Motowo , Sato Mitsunobu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Ethyl 2-cyano-3-alkoxypent-2-enoates were synthesized in moderate yields via the coupling reaction between α,β-unsaturated acetals and cyanoacetate, catalyzed by [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3]. The E- and Z-isomers were separated and determined by X-ray crystallography for the first time. Structural distortion associated with steric hindrance around the tetrasubstituted alkene moiety was revealed: e.g., the C(carbonyl)–C(α)–C(β) angle expands to about 125°. Density functional theory calculation was performed, and the restricted B3LYP hybrid functional with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set was found to successfully elucidate the solid-state structure and conformation, as well as spectroscopic properties. A plausible formation mechanism was proposed, in which the Ru complex catalyzed the C=C bond migration of the α,β-unsaturated acetal to give the corresponding ketene acetal and assisted the subsequent condensation reaction with cyanoacetate to some extent.
Increased abundance of ADAM9 transcripts in the blood is associated with tissue damage
Authors: Rinchai Darawan , Kewcharoenwong Chidchamai , Kessler Bianca , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana , Chaussabel Damien 
Published: October 2016

Background: Members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family have emerged as critical regulators of cell-cell signaling during development and homeostasis. ADAM9 is consistently overexpressed in various human cancers, and has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the involvement of ADAM9 during immune-mediated processes. Results: Mining of an extensive compendium of transcriptomic datasets identified important gaps in knowledge regarding the possible role of ADAM9 in immunological homeostasis and inflammation: 1) The abundance of ADAM9 transcripts in the blood was increased in patients with acute infection but, 2) changed very little after in vitro exposure to a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). 3) Furthermore it was found to increase significantly in subjects as a result of tissue injury or tissue remodeling, in absence of infectious processes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ADAM9 may constitute a valuable biomarker for the assessment of tissue damage, especially in clinical situations where other inflammatory markers are confounded by infectious processes.
MODIS-based multi-parametric platform for mapping of flood affected areas. Case study: 2006 Danube extreme flood in Romania
Authors: Craciunescu Vasile , Stancalie Gheorghe , Irimescu Anisoara , Catana Simona , Mihailescu Denis , Nertan Argentina , Morcov George , Constantinescu Stefan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Flooding remains the most widely distributed natural hazard in Europe, leading to significant economic and social impact. Earth observation data is presently capable of making fundamental contributions towards reducing the detrimental effects of extreme floods. Technological advance makes development of online services able to process high volumes of satellite data without the need of dedicated desktop software licenses possible. The main objective of the case study is to present and evaluate a methodology for mapping of flooded areas based on MODIS satellite images derived indices and using state-of-the-art geospatial web services. The methodology and the developed platform were tested with data for the historical flood event that affected the Danube floodplain in 2006 in Romania. The results proved that, despite the relative coarse resolution, MODIS data is very useful for mapping the development flooded area in large plain floods. Moreover it was shown, that the possibility to adapt and combine the existing global algorithms for flood detection to fit the local conditions is extremely important to obtain accurate results.
A regional comparative analysis of empirical and theoretical flood peak-volume relationships
Authors: Szolgay Ján , Gaál Ladislav , Bacigál Tomáš , Kohnová Silvia , Hlavčová Kamila , Výleta Roman , Parajka Juraj , Blöschl Günter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the bivariate relationship between flood peaks and corresponding flood event volumes modelled by empirical and theoretical copulas in a regional context, with a focus on flood generation processes in general, the regional differentiation of these and the effect of the sample size on reliable discrimination among models. A total of 72 catchments in North-West of Austria are analysed for the period 1976–2007. From the hourly runoff data set, 25 697 flood events were isolated and assigned to one of three flood process types: synoptic floods (including long- and short-rain floods), flash floods or snowmelt floods (both rain-on-snow and snowmelt floods). The first step of the analysis examines whether the empirical peak-volume copulas of different flood process types are regionally statistically distinguishable, separately for each catchment and the role of the sample size on the strength of the statements. The results indicate that the empirical copulas of flash floods tend to be different from those of the synoptic and snowmelt floods. The second step examines how similar are the empirical flood peak-volume copulas between catchments for a given flood type across the region. Empirical copulas of synoptic floods are the least similar between the catchments, however with the decrease of the sample size the difference between the performances of the process types becomes small. The third step examines the goodness-of-fit of different commonly used copula types to the data samples that represent the annual maxima of flood peaks and the respective volumes both regardless of flood generating processes (the traditional engineering approach) and also considering the three process-based classes. Extreme value copulas (Galambos, Gumbel and Hüsler-Reiss) show the best performance both for synoptic and flash floods, while the Frank copula shows the best performance for snowmelt floods. It is concluded that there is merit in treating flood types separately when analysing and estimating flood peak-volume dependence copulas; however, even the enlarged dataset gained by the process-based analysis in this study does not give sufficient information for a reliable model choice for multivariate statistical analysis of flood peaks and volumes.
Joint modelling of flood peaks and volumes: A copula application for the Danube River
Authors: Papaioannou George , Kohnová Silvia , Bacigál Tomáš , Szolgay Ján , Hlavčová Kamila , Loukas Athanasios 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Flood frequency analysis is usually performed as a univariate analysis of flood peaks using a suitable theoretical probability distribution of the annual maximum flood peaks or peak over threshold values. However, other flood attributes, such as flood volume and duration, are necessary for the design of hydrotechnical projects, too. In this study, the suitability of various copula families for a bivariate analysis of peak discharges and flood volumes has been tested. Streamflow data from selected gauging stations along the whole Danube River have been used. Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient (tau) quantifies the dependence between flood peak discharge and flood volume settings. The methodology is applied to two different data samples: 1) annual maximum flood (AMF) peaks combined with annual maximum flow volumes of fixed durations at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 days, respectively (which can be regarded as a regime analysis of the dependence between the extremes of both variables in a given year), and 2) annual maximum flood (AMF) peaks with corresponding flood volumes (which is a typical choice for engineering studies). The bivariate modelling of the extracted peak discharge - flood volume couples is achieved with the use of the Ali-Mikhail-Haq (AMH), Clayton, Frank, Joe, Gumbel, Hüsler-Reiss, Galambos, Tawn, Normal, Plackett and FGM copula families. Scatterplots of the observed and simulated peak discharge - flood volume pairs and goodness-of-fit tests have been used to assess the overall applicability of the copulas as well as observing any changes in suitable models along the Danube River. The results indicate that for the second data sampling method, almost all of the considered Archimedean class copula families perform better than the other copula families selected for this study, and that for the first method, only the upper-tail-flat copulas excel (except for the AMH copula due to its inability to model stronger relationships).
Covert Religious Censorship: Renderings of
Divine Familial Imagery in Translations of the
New Testament within Islamic Contexts
Authors: Miller-Naudé Cynthia L. , Naudé Jacobus A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
One of the central metaphors in the New Testament involves the familial imagery of God as
“father” and Jesus as God’s “son.” The epithet of “son of God” for Jesus is understood by Christians to
be metaphorical, rather than literal, and evokes a complex network of theological concepts. However,
for Muslims, these epithets for God are extremely problematic—according to the Qur’ān, God “begetteth
not nor was he begotten.” This article compares the renderings of divine familial terms in two Arabic
translations representing indigenizing and foreignizing approaches to translation within Islamic contexts
and explores the implications of each translation in promoting different kinds of covert religious selfcensorship.
A Sustainable European Union Own Resources System
Authors: Cieslukowski Maciej 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
From 1992, after the UN “Earth Summit” in Rio de Janeiro, sustainable development has become a priority of many countries and international organizations, including the European Union. After the crisis of 2008+ and the strong criticism of traditional economics, it also became a fundamental element of economic development in the XXI century. This new model is based on a solid and integrated economic, socio-cultural and ecological order. Such a development should be supported by suitable budgetary systems at each level of public government. The paper presents a conception of the sustainable EU own resources system and proposes the methodology of its evaluation.
Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Embree Tania E. , Romanow Nicole T. R. , Djerboua Maya S. , Morgunov Natalie J. , Bourdeaux Jacqueline J. , Hagel Brent E. 
Published: October 2016

CONTEXT:
Child and adolescent bicycling is beneficial, but injuries occur and can be severe and costly.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the individual and environmental factors associated with bicycling injury risk in children and adolescents.

DATA SOURCES:
Fourteen electronic databases were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:
Two authors independently assessed potentially relevant articles for eligibility. The inclusion criteria were as follows: bicyclists younger than 20 years old; examined individual and environmental characteristics of bicycling crashes; compared injured and uninjured bicyclists or bicyclists with different types or severity of injury; study designs with a predetermined comparison group; and published in English from January 1990 to May 2015. The exclusion criteria were outcomes related to helmet use, helmet legislation, or mountain biking, and comparisons of census-based injury rates.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data on study design, setting, population, injury definitions, injury risk factors, and results were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales.

RESULTS:
Fourteen articles were included. Lower socioeconomic status, riding on the road, riding in rural compared with urban areas, and riding on the sidewalk were associated with bicycling injury. Bicycling safety education did not protect children against future injury. Injuries related to a motor vehicle collision were more severe than other bicycling injuries.

LIMITATIONS:
Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analyses. Study quality was affected by inadequate definitions of study groups and self-reported data.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lower socioeconomic status and riding location were associated with bicycling injury and severity increased with motor vehicle collisions. The bicycling environment is a promising avenue for prevention.
PERCEPCIÓN: VIVENCIA Y CONVIVENCIA EN LA RESIDENCIA ESTUDIANTIL, SEDE DEL CARIBE, UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Jiménez Castro Marlen 
Published: October 2016

El presente estudio surge como un aporte para fortalecer la atención que recibe el estudiantado de las residencias de la Sede del Caribe, Universidad de Costa Rica. La exploración de las necesidades psicosociales se realizó mediante una investigación mixta con énfasis cualitativo, incluyó observación no participante, grupos de discusión y encuestas auto-administradas; parte de los resultados fueron procesados utilizando el SPSS (17.0) y el análisis desde la triangulación hermenéutica. La población meta, jóvenes entre los 18 y 24 años. Para los cuestionarios la muestra fue 38,4% de estudiantes y 80% de la Comisión de Residencias. Se concluye que las necesidades psicosociales son satisfechas parcialmente, se refleja descontento individual y grupal en varios aspectos y escasa organización estudiantil, manifestándose un sentimiento de desesperanza. Para fortalecer el desarrollo integral y el ejercicio de sus derechos, se recomiendan procesos continuos de inclusión para el estudiantado, como protagonistas de su propio desarrollo.