bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation of problem-based learning in health service management training programs
Authors: Stankunas Mindaugas , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Avery Mark , Kalediene Ramune , Babich Suzanne Marie 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Strengthening management capacity within the health care sector could have a significant impact on population health. However, many training programs in this area are still delivered using a classic lecture-based approach. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and better understand the feasibility of using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach in health services management training programs.

Design/methodology/approach
A PBL teaching approach (based on the Maastricht University model) was tested with second-year postgraduate students from the Master in Public Health Management program at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Students’ opinions about PBL were investigated using a questionnaire with eight open-ended questions. Thematic content analysis was chosen to reflect the search for patterns across the data.

Findings
Respondents stated that the main advantage of PBL was that it was a more interesting and effective way of learning: “It is easier to remember, when you study by yourself and discuss with all peers”. In addition, it was mentioned that PBL initiated a rapid exchange of ideas and sharing of personal experience. Students stressed that PBL was a good tool for developing other skills as well, such as “public speaking, communication, logic thinking”. All students recommended delivering all other courses in the health services management program using PBL methodologies.

Originality/value
Findings from our study suggest that PBL may be an effective approach to teaching health services management. Potential problems in implementation are noted.
The impact of knowledge management on innovation
Authors: Obeidat Bader Yousef , Al-Suradi Mai Maher , Masa’deh Ra’ed , Tarhini Ali 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the effect of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) and knowledge management approaches (social network, codification and personalization) on innovation in Jordanian consultancy firms.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire that targets 266 respondents resulted in 216 usable ones with a response rate of 81.2 per cent. To test the research hypotheses, a multiple regression analysis was conducted, in addition to descriptive statistics that provide a background about the respondents.FindingsThe analysis showed that there is a significant and positive impact of knowledge management processes on innovation in Jordanian consulting firms, as well as a significant and positive effect of codification and personalization approaches on innovation, while the social network approach has a significant negative impact with innovation.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examines the effect of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) and knowledge management approaches (social network, codification and personalization) on innovation in Jordanian consultancy firms.
Why is insider trading law ineffective? Three antitrust suggestions
Authors: Dalko Viktoria , Wang Michael H. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to uncover the essence of insider trading, explain why insider trading law is ineffective and provide implications of the effectiveness of the law.

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper offers three propositions. The first two are based on a literature review of 62 articles in empirical research to develop an understanding of the essence of insider trading and identify the areas in which insider trading is ineffective. This analysis is used in the third proposition to provide a direction in suggesting effective measures to improve insider trading law.

Findings
The essence of insider trading is that corporate insiders exercise informational monopoly power over their trades. This understanding explains why insider trading law is ineffective because it has not taken away the monopoly power that corporate insiders possess and exercise. This understanding also leads to three antitrust suggestions aimed at improving insider trading law.

Practical implications
The findings may provide assistance to the lawmakers and regulators to make insider trading law more effective and enforcement more simplified.

Originality/value
This paper is of value to other researchers attempting to understand the essence of insider trading and to policymakers concerned about the existence of monopolistic behavior in the equity market and income inequality due to corporate insiders’ trading profit.
Market participation in a two-sector Diamond-Dybvig economy
Authors: Panetti Ettore 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to reconsider the role of asset-market participation in Diamond-Dybvig economies, to reconcile the existence of asset markets as a channel for financial integration with the distortions that they might impose on the banking system.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a two-sector Diamond-Dybvig model of financial intermediation, with comparative advantages in the investment technologies, and introduces the possibility for the depositors to participate in an economy-wide asset market, when they can trade a bond without being observed by their banks.

Findings
The two-sector competitive banking equilibrium with hidden trades is not equivalent to autarky, is the unique Nash equilibrium of a “participation game” and is a constrained efficient.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to characterize the equilibrium of a two-sector Diamond-Dybvig economy with hidden trading in the asset market, and produces novel results, in contrast to the existing literature, with respect to the rationale for the existence of a financial system, its coexistence with asset markets and its efficiency. These conclusions also have important implications in terms of policy, in particular, regarding the case for the introduction of financial regulation.
Five ways to lead with inclusion
Authors: Humphreys Brynne 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide parallels and actions between leading inclusive teams and the fundamentals of improvisation.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper examines the skills that successful improvisers possess and translates those into a leadership application.

Findings
Leaders can practice to improve methods to build more inclusive cultures in the workplace.

Originality/value
To complement diversity information, leaders must also take actions and practice. This approach offers tangible practice that puts ideas into action.
Working with difference: is it a business imperative?
Authors: Kalman Danny , Frost Steve 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight why organisations need to shift from homogenous talent management to inclusive talent management. The authors argue that having a diverse workforce and inclusive culture is a business imperative and not just “a nice thing to do”.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors share their experiences of both interviewing directly and the results of their research into organisations that have taken steps to be more inclusive.

Findings
The paper explains that there is no “silver bullet” that will result in any organisation becoming more diverse and inclusive. However, there are a number of steps and “nudges” that can be taken to move towards inclusive talent management.

Research limitations/implications
The authors have made every effort to select organisations from different sectors and regions but recognise that there will be many other examples of good practice elsewhere.

Practical implications
The authors believe that the examples described in the article can be applied in all organisations but will depend on the active support of its leaders and the extent to which they live the values of the company.

Originality/value
The relevance of the themes of diversity and inclusion has become a strategic business priority as organisations recognise the value that having a diverse workforce contributes to achieving their objectives.
Trophic sensitivity of invasive predator and native prey interactions: integrating environmental context and climate change
Authors: Cheng Brian S. , Komoroske Lisa M. , Grosholz Edwin D. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Climate change is predicted to intensify the impacts of invasive species by enhancing their performance relative to their native counterparts. However, few studies have compared the performance of invasive predators and native prey, despite the fact that non‐native predators are well known to disrupt native communities.

The ‘trophic sensitivity hypothesis’ suggests that predators are less tolerant of increasing environmental stress than their prey, whereas the ‘tolerant invaders hypothesis’ suggests that invaders are more tolerant than native species due to selection during the introduction process. It is therefore unclear how invasive predators will respond to increasing climate stressors.

We coupled physiological measurements (thermal tolerance, thermal optima, salinity tolerance, predation rate) with environmental time‐series data to assess the effects of warming and extreme low salinity events on non‐native predators (gastropods) and native prey (oysters) from a coastal ecosystem.

In general support of the trophic sensitivity hypothesis, we found that both non‐native predators exhibited lower thermal optima relative to native prey, lower salinity tolerance and one predator was less tolerant of warming. However, because warming tolerance was extremely high (i.e. habitat temperature is 7·9–21 °C below thermal tolerance), near‐term warming may first increase predator performance (consumption and growth rates), with negative effects on prey. Low salinity will likely produce heterogeneous effects on predator–prey interactions due to varying watershed sizes among estuaries that control the duration of low salinity events.

The trophic sensitivity hypothesis may be a useful framework for understanding community responses to extreme climate change, which portends a decoupling of predator–prey interactions. However, we conclude that this hypothesis must be evaluated in environmental context and that coupling physiological metrics with in situ environmental data offers the best predictive power of near‐term climate change impacts on invaded communities. Within our study system, warming is likely to intensify the impacts of both invasive predators, which may greatly reduce the abundance of the native oyster, a species of conservation and restoration focus.
Seed predation has the potential to drive a rare plant to extinction
Authors: Kurkjian Helen M. , Carothers Sydney K. , Jules Erik S. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Pre‐dispersal seed predation is sometimes considered unlikely to dramatically affect plant population growth because plants are generally expected to produce more seeds than there are safe sites for germination. Lupinus constancei is a rare herb of limited distribution, with fewer than 400 reproductive individuals restricted to a single square kilometre of north‐western California, USA. In addition to the vulnerability resulting from its extremely small population size, L. constancei faces heavy seed predation by small mammals.

As a stop‐gap measure to prevent population decline, managers began covering a large number of the reproductive plants with herbivory exclosures in 2003, but the population‐level effects of seed predation and the effectiveness of this caging treatment were unknown. We used 10 years of demographic data to compare the population dynamics of plants inside herbivory exclosures with those sustaining ambient rodent seed predation.

We found that the stochastic population growth rate would be robust without seed predation (λs = 1·17), but without continued human intervention (i.e. use of exclosures), the current rate of predation would result in a decline towards extinction (λs = 0·92).

After our study concluded, high mortality due to two extreme winter droughts followed by a wildland fire reduced the number of reproductive plants to ∼103, making extinction of L. constancei more likely.

Synthesis and applications. The prevalence of consumer‐driven population decline is largely unknown, but this study demonstrates that pre‐dispersal seed predation by rodents can have powerful population‐level effects, and represents one set of conditions under which consumer pressure has the potential to drive plant extinction. However, with continued management to limit the effects of seed predation in the short‐term and investigation into the ultimate drivers of this high seed predation rate in the long term, the Lassics lupine population could be restored to a robust rate of growth.
‘Are 3 °C too much?’: thermal niche breadth in Bromeliaceae and global warming
Authors: Müller Lilian‐Lee B. , Albach Dirk C. , Zotz Gerhard 
Published: October 2016

Summary

By the end of this century, temperature is predicted to increase by about 6 °C at higher latitudes and about 3 °C in the tropics. Although values predicted for tropical latitudes are lower, rising temperatures in the tropics are likely to have more severe consequences for tropical species that are generally assumed to have narrower climatic niches due to a higher degree of climatic stability and higher niche specialization.

Even though temperature affects all ontogenetic stages, the regeneration niche of a species is fundamental for overall niche breadth and hence represents a potential major bottleneck for its distribution.

We conducted germination experiments along a range of temperatures with 41 epiphytic bromeliad species to determine thermal germination traits (thermal niche breadth, lower and upper thermal limit, thermal optimum). Based on these traits, we asked whether the thermal germination niche breadth of these species is wide enough to cope with the predicted increase in temperature. Furthermore, we conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to detect possible niche conservatism of these traits in Bromeliaceae.

For 93% of all tested bromeliad species, the predicted mean annual temperature range does not exceed the thermal niche breadth. Moreover, for 85% of all tested species, the current mean annual temperature across the distribution range is well below our estimates of their thermal optima. Furthermore, we found evidence for phylogenetic niche conservatism in most assessed traits.

Synthesis. Our report represents an important first step to understand and predict present and future responses of epiphytic bromeliads to global warming. At least with regard to seed germination, epiphytic bromeliads should not be negatively affected by the predicted temperature rise of 3 °C. To the contrary, future temperatures are closer to the thermal optima of most species, potentially leading to an increase in performance. However, since niche conservatism in Bromeliaceae may limit their adaptability to novel climatic conditions, a negative effect of increasing temperatures cannot be completely rejected when considering ontogenetic niche shifts.
Transfer Frequency as a Measure of Hospital Capability and Regionalization
Authors: França Urbano L. , McManus Michael L. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo provide metrics for quantifying the capability of hospitals and the degree of care regionalization.Data SourceAdministrative database covering more than 10 million hospital encounters during a 3‐year period (2012–2014) in Massachusetts.Principal FindingsWe calculated the condition‐specific probabilities of transfer for all acute care hospitals in Massachusetts and devised two new metrics, the Hospital Capability Index (HCI) and the Regionalization Index (RI), for analyzing hospital systems. The HCI had face validity, accurately differentiating academic, teaching, and community hospitals of varying size. Individual hospital capabilities were clearly revealed in “fingerprints” of their condition‐specific transfer behavior. The RI also performed well, with those of specific conditions successfully quantifying the concentration of care arising from regulatory and public health activity. The median RI of all conditions within the Massachusetts health care system was 0.21 (IQR, 0.13–0.36), with a long tail of conditions that were very highly regionalized. Application of the HCI and RI metrics together across the entire state identified the degree of interdependence among its hospitals.ConclusionsCondition‐specific transfer activity, as captured in the HCI and RI, provides quantitative measures of hospital capability and regionalization of care.
Blunt Craniofacial Trauma as a Manifestation of Excited Delirium Caused by New Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Cox Matthew , Stockham Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe body of a 19‐year‐old male was found apparently concealed underneath bushes with recent head and facial trauma, and multiple superficial abrasions. Subsequently, it was discovered that the decedent had been running into objects and buildings following the ingestion the evening before of what was thought to be lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Blood staining of a nearby wall close to where the body was lying was in keeping with the described behavior. Toxicology revealed 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy), in addition to two only recently available drugs 2‐(4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐N‐[(2‐methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine, (25B‐NBOMe), and 1‐(3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl)‐2‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1‐butanone, (MDPBP). At autopsy, the skull was fractured with cerebral swelling, contusions, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Death was due to blunt cranial trauma against a background of mixed drug toxicity. The case demonstrates a rare cause of death in a drug‐induced acute delirium, as well as highlighting two new designer street drugs that may result in significant aberrant behavior.
Symptom‐to‐door delay among patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction in Singapore
Authors: Wah Win , Pek Pin Pin , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Fook-Chong Stephanie , Zheng Huili , Loy En Yun , Chua Terrance Siang Jin , Koh Tian Hai , Chow Khuan Yew , Earnest Arul , Pang Junxiong , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesSymptom‐to‐door time (S2D) is one of the important components of ischaemic time, which might affect the infarct size and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the present study was to identify patients’ characteristics associated with delayed symptom‐onset‐to‐arrival at EDs in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in Singapore.MethodsRetrospective data of STEMI patients presenting to the ED of all public hospitals with onsite primary percutaneous coronary intervention facilities between 2010 and 2012 were obtained from the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Registry. Based on the S2D of 120 min, characteristics of patients were compared between short S2D (≤120 min) and long S2D (>120 min). Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsOut of 3848 patients, 1682 patients had an S2D of ≤120 min, and 2166 had an S2D >120 min. In the multivariate analyses, older age, Malay ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, presenting symptoms of back and epigastric pain were independently associated with long S2D. Patients who utilised the emergency medical services, presented after office hours and with symptoms of chest pain, breathlessness, diaphoresis and past history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/primary percutaneous coronary intervention, were independently associated with short S2D. Patients with long S2D had lower probability of receiving reperfusion treatment with delayed symptom‐to‐balloon and door‐to‐balloon time and higher probabilities of complications and mortality.ConclusionThe present study shows that longer S2D was associated with older age, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, delay in receiving early reperfusion treatment and poorer prognosis.
Ecological role of the giant root‐rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus) in the Afroalpine ecosystem
Authors: ŠKLÍBA Jan , VLASATÁ Tereza , LÖVY Matěj , HROUZKOVÁ Ema , MEHERETU Yonas , SILLERO‐ZUBIRI Claudio , ŠUMBERA Radim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRodents with prevailing subterranean activity usually play an important role in the ecosystems of which they are a part due to the combined effect of herbivory and soil perturbation. This is the case for the giant root‐rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus endemic to the Afroalpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. We studied the impact of root‐rats on various ecosystem features within a 3.5‐ha study locality dominated by Alchemilla pasture, which represents an optimal habitat for this species, in 2 periods of a year. The root‐rats altered plant species composition, reducing the dominant forb, Alchemilla abyssinica, while enhancing Salvia merjame and a few other species, and reduced vegetation cover, but not the fresh plant biomass. Where burrows were abandoned by root‐rats, other rodents took them over and A. abyssinica increased again. Root‐rat burrowing created small‐scale heterogeneity in soil compactness due to the backfilling of some unused burrow segments. Less compacted soil tended to be rich in nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which likely affected the plant growth on sites where the vegetation has been reduced as a result of root‐rat foraging and burrowing.
Influence of the Isolation Method on the Technofunctional Properties of Protein Isolates from Lupinus angustifolius L
Authors: Muranyi Isabel S. , Otto Clemens , Pickardt Claudia , Osen Raffael , Koehler Peter , Schweiggert‐Weisz Ute 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe technofunctional properties of 2 protein isolates from Lupinus angustifolius L. Vitabor isolated by different procedures were investigated. The lupin protein isolate prepared by aqueous alkaline extraction with subsequent isoelectric precipitation (ILP) showed a significantly higher degree of protein denaturation and lower denaturation temperatures than the one obtained by aqueous salt‐induced extraction followed by dilutive precipitation (MLP) as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Rheological investigations revealed higher firmness and a viscoelastic solid‐like behavior of ILP, in contrast to MLP that showed viscoelastic, liquid‐like properties. Protein solubility of MLP was higher compared to ILP and solubility minima were slightly different for both lupin protein isolates. The protein isolates exhibited different technofunctional properties with ILP showing higher water binding capacity, lower oil binding capacity and lower emulsifying capacity than MLP. This reflects the different putative application of both lupin protein isolates as food ingredients, for example for ILP as a moisture enhancer and for MLP as a “natural” emulsifier in mixed food systems.
Ochratoxin A Removal by Yeasts after Exposure to Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Conditions
Authors: Petruzzi Leonardo , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Sinigaglia Milena , Bevilacqua Antonio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractYeasts can remove ochratoxin A (OTA) in foods; however, we do not know if they can experience this ability in the gut. Thus, the aim of this paper was to study OTA binding by 3 wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (W13, W28, and the commercial isolate BM45) and S. cerevisiae var. boulardii ATCC MYA‐796 (a probiotic yeast) after exposure to conditions simulating the passage through human gastrointestinal tract. Yeasts removed OTA by up to 44%, with a better ability found after gastrointestinal and sequential assays. However, the phenomenon was reversible, because ca. 18% to 28% of toxin was not stably bound. After the evaluation of the net amount of OTA bound by yeasts (that is, after toxin release), S. cerevisiae W13 and S. cerevisiae var. boulardii ATCC MYA‐796 were selected as the most promising strains for further studies (for example, clinical trials) due to their ability to remove 21% of OTA.