bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary and involuntary processes affect the production of verbal and non-verbal signals by the human voice
Authors: McGettigan Carolyn , Scott Sophie Kerttu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe argue that a comprehensive model of human vocal behaviour must address both voluntary and involuntary aspects of articulate speech and non-verbal vocalizations. Within this, plasticity of vocal output should be acknowledged and explained as part of the mature speech production system.
Patterns of grandparental child care across Europe: the role of the policy context and working mothers' need
Authors: BORDONE VALERIA , ARPINO BRUNO , AASSVE ARNSTEIN 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAcross Europe grandparents play very different roles. This paper studies to what extent grandparents' role as providers of child care relates to the country policy context, focusing on public child-care services and parental leave regulation, and to the availability of part-time jobs for women. We also explore whether mothers' needs to combine family and work differently influence the frequency of grandparental child care across countries. The analysis combines micro-data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and macro-indicators from the Multilinks database and Eurostat. We find a clear association between policy context and frequency of grandparental child care. Three models emerge. In countries close to the familialism by default model (i.e. characterised by scarce public child-care services and parental leave), when grandparents provide child care they often do it daily. In countries characterised by defamilialisation and supported familialism policies (with generous public services and parental leave) grandparents take on a marginal role. An intermediate model emerges in countries characterised by a limited offer of child care or parental leave, where grandparental child care complements state support and tends to be offered on a weekly basis. Our analysis corroborates the idea that the highly intensive involvement of grandparents in countries with low availability of part-time jobs for women is influenced by the need (unmet by the welfare) of mothers to combine work and family.
Successful Desert Animals — Scorpions, Beetles and Lizards
Authors: CIoudsley-Thompson J. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWhereas the reactions of animals to heat are largely behavioural, responses to water shortage are primarily physiological. These characters are exhibited in all terrestrial biomes, but are enhanced in the desert. Desert animals, in general, are either cryptically sand-coloured or else black when distasteful or poisonous. This applies to all three taxa under discussion; most beetles are black, most lizards cryptic. Scorpions, paradoxically, may be either black or cryptic. Examples of mimicry and protective resemblance are also cited. It is concluded that scorpions, beetles and lizards are especially successful desert animals, not so much on account of unique adaptations to the harsh and variable environment as to their innate qualities which have adapted them for life in hot, dry and unpredictable habitats.
Cyst Formation Following Radiosurgery for AVMs: Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Al Hinai Q. , Tampieri D. , Souhami L. , Sadikot A. , Sinclair D. , Leblanc R. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:Background:Stereotactically-focused radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) has been in widespread use for over two decades. Over this timeframe the indications for treatment, standardization of radiation dosage, and the results expected from treatment have been elaborated. Less well known are the long-term complications associated with SRS. We report three patients who had SRS for the treatment of AVM who developed a cyst at the site of treatment as a late complication.Methods:From 201 patients treated by SRS for an AVM, three developed a cyst at the treatment site. Their clinical presentation, the characteristics of the AVMs and the treatment were reviewed, as well as similar cases gleaned from the literature.Results:Three women, aged 28-43 years, had an AVM treated by: craniotomy and clipping of arterial feeders followed by SRS, by craniotomy for resection followed by SRS or by endo vascular embolization and SRS. The patients did well following treatment but two of them developed a symptomatic and the other an asymptomatic cyst at the treatment site 3-19 years later. The symptomatic patients underwent marsupialization of the cyst and the other is under observation.Conclusion:Stereotactic radiosurgery is an established and safe treatment for patients with AVMs. Delayed cyst formation can occur many years after treatment and long term follow-up is indicated in patients whose AVM has been treated with SRS.
Review of Coping in Children Exposed to Mass Trauma: Measurement Tools, Coping Styles, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Pfefferbaum Betty , Nitiéma Pascal , Jacobs Anne K. , Noffsinger Mary A. , Wind Leslie H. , Allen Sandra F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEvidence-based practice requires the use of data grounded in theory with clear conceptualization and reliable and valid measurement. Unfortunately, developing a knowledge base regarding children’s coping in the context of disasters, terrorism, and war has been hampered by a lack of theoretical consensus and a virtual absence of rigorous test construction, implementation, and evaluation. This report presents a comprehensive review of measurement tools assessing child and adolescent coping in the aftermath of mass trauma, with a particular emphasis on coping dimensions identified through factor analytic procedures. Coping measurement and issues related to the assessment of coping are reviewed. Concepts important in instrument development and psychometric features of coping measures used in disasters, terrorism, and war are presented. The relationships between coping dimensions and both youth characteristics and clinical outcomes also are presented. A discussion of the reviewed findings highlights the difficulty clinicians may experience when trying to integrate the inconsistencies in coping dimensions across studies. Incorporating the need for multiple informants and the difference between general and context-specific coping measures suggests the importance of a multilevel, theoretical conceptualization of coping and thus, the use of more advanced statistical measures. Attention also is given to issues deemed important for further exploration in child disaster coping research.PfefferbaumB,NitiémaP,JacobsAK,NoffsingerMA,WindLH,AllenSF.Review of coping in children exposed to mass trauma: measurement tools, coping styles, and clinical implications.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(2):169–180.
Traumatic Brain Injury as a Disorder of Brain Connectivity
Authors: Hayes Jasmeet P. , Bigler Erin D. , Verfaellie Mieke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectives:Recent advances in neuroimaging methodologies sensitive to axonal injury have made it possible to assess in vivo the extent of traumatic brain injury (TBI) -related disruption in neural structures and their connections. The objective of this paper is to review studies examining connectivity in TBI with an emphasis on structural and functional MRI methods that have proven to be valuable in uncovering neural abnormalities associated with this condition.Methods:We review studies that have examined white matter integrity in TBI of varying etiology and levels of severity, and consider how findings at different times post-injury may inform underlying mechanisms of post-injury progression and recovery. Moreover, in light of recent advances in neuroimaging methods to study the functional connectivity among brain regions that form integrated networks, we review TBI studies that use resting-state functional connectivity MRI methodology to examine neural networks disrupted by putative axonal injury.Results:The findings suggest that TBI is associated with altered structural and functional connectivity, characterized by decreased integrity of white matter pathways and imbalance and inefficiency of functional networks. These structural and functional alterations are often associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and poor functional outcomes.Conclusions:TBI has a negative impact on distributed brain networks that lead to behavioral disturbance. (JINS, 2016,22, 120–137)
Graph Metrics of Structural Brain Networks in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: Group Differences, Relationships with Intelligence, and Genetics
Authors: Yeo Ronald A. , Ryman Sephira G. , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , de Reus Marcel A. , Jung Rex E. , Pommy Jessica , Mayer Andrew R. , Ehrlich Stefan , Schulz S. Charles , Morrow Eric M. , Manoach Dara , Ho Beng-Choon , Sponheim Scott R. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectives: One of the most prominent features of schizophrenia is relatively lower general cognitive ability (GCA). An emerging approach to understanding the roots of variation in GCA relies on network properties of the brain. In this multi-center study, we determined global characteristics of brain networks using graph theory and related these to GCA in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: Participants (N=116 controls, 80 patients with schizophrenia) were recruited from four sites. GCA was represented by the first principal component of a large battery of neurocognitive tests. Graph metrics were derived from diffusion-weighted imaging. Results: The global metrics of longer characteristic path length and reduced overall connectivity predicted lower GCA across groups, and group differences were noted for both variables. Measures of clustering, efficiency, and modularity did not differ across groups or predict GCA. Follow-up analyses investigated three topological types of connectivity—connections among high degree “rich club” nodes, “feeder” connections to these rich club nodes, and “local” connections not involving the rich club. Rich club and local connectivity predicted performance across groups. In a subsample (N=101 controls, 56 patients), a genetic measure reflecting mutation load, based on rare copy number deletions, was associated with longer characteristic path length. Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of characteristic path lengths and rich club connectivity for GCA and provide no evidence for group differences in the relationships between graph metrics and GCA. (JINS, 2016, 22, 240–249)
Fornix Microstructure and Memory Performance Is Associated with Altered Neural Connectivity during Episodic Recognition
Authors: Ly Martina , Adluru Nagesh , Destiche Daniel J. , Lu Sharon Y. , Oh Jennifer M. , Hoscheidt Siobhan M. , Alexander Andrew L. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Rowley Howard A. , Sager Mark A. , Johnson Sterling C. , Bendlin Barbara B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to assess whether age-related differences in white matter microstructure are associated with altered task-related connectivity during episodic recognition. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging from 282 cognitively healthy middle-to-late aged adults enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention, we investigated whether fractional anisotropy (FA) within white matter regions known to decline with age was associated with task-related connectivity within the recognition network. Results: There was a positive relationship between fornix FA and memory performance, both of which negatively correlated with age. Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that higher fornix FA was associated with increased task-related connectivity amongst the hippocampus, caudate, precuneus, middle occipital gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. In addition, better task performance was associated with increased task-related connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, cuneus, and hippocampus. Conclusions: The findings indicate that age has a negative effect on white matter microstructure, which in turn has a negative impact on memory performance. However, fornix microstructure did not significantly mediate the effect of age on performance. Of interest, dynamic functional connectivity was associated with better memory performance. The results of the psychophysiological interaction analysis further revealed that alterations in fornix microstructure explain–at least in part–connectivity among cortical regions in the recognition memory network. Our results may further elucidate the relationship between structural connectivity, neural function, and cognition. (JINS, 2016, 22, 191–204)
Differential Resting State Connectivity Patterns and Impaired Semantically Cued List Learning Test Performance in Early Course Remitted Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Rao Julia A. , Jenkins Lisanne M. , Hymen Erica , Feigon Maia , Weisenbach Sara L. , Zubieta Jon-Kar , Langenecker Scott A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectives: There is a well-known association between memory impairment and major depressive disorder (MDD). Additionally, recent studies are also showing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) abnormalities in active and remitted MDD. However, no studies to date have examined both rs connectivity and memory performance in early course remitted MDD, nor the relationship between connectivity and semantically cued episodic memory. Methods: The rsMRI data from two 3.0 Tesla GE scanners were collected from 34 unmedicated young adults with remitted MDD (rMDD) and 23 healthy controls (HCs) between 18 and 23 years of age using bilateral seeds in the hippocampus. Participants also completed a semantically cued list-learning test, and their performance was correlated with hippocampal seed-based rsMRI. Regression models were also used to predict connectivity patterns from memory performance. Results: After correcting for sex, rMDD subjects performed worse than HCs on the total number of words recalled and recognized. rMDD demonstrated significant in-network hypoactivation between the hippocampus and multiple fronto-temporal regions, and multiple extra-network hyperconnectivities between the hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions when compared to HCs. Memory performance negatively predicted connectivity in HCs and positively predicted connectivity in rMDD. Conclusions Even when individuals with a history of MDD are no longer displaying active depressive symptoms, they continue to demonstrate worse memory performance, disruptions in hippocampal connectivity, and a differential relationship between episodic memory and hippocampal connectivity. (JINS, 2016, 22, 225–239)
Is the secular trend in height delaying overweight rise among adolescents? The Brazilian case
Authors: Conde Wolney Lisboa , Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena , Enes Carla Cristina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo explore if the secular trend in height is contributing to delay overweight rise among Brazilian adolescents.DesignChanges in BMI mean over time were fitted using linear regression including as independent variables survey year, height, survey-specific income quintiles, age and an interaction term of height × survey year. Overweight was defined as BMI≥25·0 kg/m2. Changes in overweight prevalence over time were fitted using Poisson regression.SettingFour national household surveys: 1974/5, 1989, 2002/3 and 2008/9.SubjectsBrazilian adolescents.ResultsMean values of height and BMI increased over the period, for both sexes and in all age ranges, except for girls aged 14–19 years from 1989 to 2002/3. The highest average increment and mean rate of height were between 1989 and 2002/3 and in 10–15-year-olds. The annual increment of height decreased from 2002/3 to 2008/9 in parallel with the increment in BMI rate. After fitting the regression model, the height × survey year interaction and per capita income were strong vectors to increase BMI mean. Changes in increment rate of height played a protective role against overweight in the last two periods for both sexes, mainly for girls. The period from 1989 to 2002/3 was the strongest vector associated with overweight in boys and the association decreased to the next period, from 2002/3 to 2008/9.ConclusionsBMI and height of adolescents have increased in a wavering and alternate way throughout four decades in Brazil. The rate of height increment has played a protective role against overweight in adolescents.
Associative and Implicit Memory Performance as a Function of Cognitive Reserve in Elderly Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Algarabel Salvador , Sales Alicia , Pitarque Alfonso , Meléndez Juan C. , Escudero Joaquín , Mayordomo Teresa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aims to analyze implicit and explicit memory performance as a function of cognitive reserve (CR) in a healthy control group (N = 39) and a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (N = 37). Both groups were subdivided into high and low cognitive reserve, and were asked to complete an explicit and implicit associative recognition tasks. The results showed that the control group was able to learn both tasks (η2 = .19, p < .0001), and the high CR group fared better (η2 = .06, p < .05). The MCI sample, conversely, was unable to learn the implicit relationship, and showed very little learning on the explicit association task. Participants diagnosed with MCI showed little plasticity in learning associations regardless of CR (η2 = .12, p < .01).
Angiopoietin 2 induces astrocyte apoptosis via αvβ5-integrin signaling in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Yun J-H , Park S W , Kim J H , Park Y-J , Cho C-H , Kim J H 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy leads to macular edema and vision loss. Although astrocyte play an important role in regulating blood-brain barrier integrity in the brain, the precise role of astrocyte in blood-retinal barrier was yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) in astrocyte loss and vascular leakage in the early streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy. We demonstrated that vascular leakage occurred with astrocyte loss in early diabetic mice retina as Ang2 increased. The astrocyte loss and vascular leakage were inhibited by intravitreal injection of Ang2-neutralizing antibody. In vitro, Ang2 aggravated high glucose-induced astrocyte apoptosis via GSK-3β activation. Ang2 directly bound to αvβ5 integrin, which was abundant in astrocyte, and the blockade of αvβ5 integrin, in vitro, effectively attenuated Ang2-induced astrocyte apoptosis. In vivo, intravitreal injection of anti-αvβ5-integrin antibody inhibited astrocyte loss in early diabetic retinopathy. Taken together, Ang2 induced astrocyte apoptosis under high glucose via αvβ5-integrin/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, we suggest that Ang2/integrin signaling could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent the vascular leakage by astrocyte loss in early diabetic retinopathy.
The transcriptional coactivator PGC1α protects against hyperthermic stress via cooperation with the heat shock factor HSF1
Authors: Xu L , Ma X , Bagattin A , Mueller E 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are required for the clearance of damaged and aggregated proteins and have important roles in protein homeostasis. It has been shown that the heat shock transcription factor, HSF1, orchestrates the transcriptional induction of these stress-regulated chaperones; however, the coregulatory factors responsible for the enhancement of HSF1 function on these target genes have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the cold-inducible coactivator, PGC1α, also known for its role as a regulator of mitochondrial and peroxisomal biogenesis, thermogenesis and cytoprotection from oxidative stress, regulates the expression of HSPs in vitro and in vivo and modulates heat tolerance. Mechanistically, we show that PGC1α physically interacts with HSF1 on HSP promoters and that cells and mice lacking PGC1α have decreased HSPs levels and are more sensitive to thermal challenges. Taken together, our findings suggest that PGC1α protects against hyperthermia by cooperating with HSF1 in the induction of a transcriptional program devoted to the cellular protection from thermal insults.
Not just a colourful metaphor: modelling the landscape of cellular development using Hopfield networks
Authors: Fard Atefeh Taherian , Srihari Sriganesh , Mar Jessica C , Ragan Mark A 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe epigenetic landscape was introduced by Conrad Waddington as a metaphor of cellular development. Like a ball rolling down a hillside is channelled through a succession of valleys until it reaches the bottom, cells follow specific trajectories from a pluripotent state to a committed state. Transcription factors (TFs) interacting as a network (the gene regulatory network (GRN)) orchestrate this developmental process within each cell. Here, we quantitatively model the epigenetic landscape using a kind of artificial neural network called the Hopfield network (HN). An HN is composed of nodes (genes/TFs) and weighted undirected edges, resulting in a weight matrix (W) that stores interactions among the nodes over the entire network. We used gene co-expression to compute the edge weights. Through W, we then associate an energy score (E) to each input pattern (pattern of co-expression for a specific developmental stage) such that each pattern has a specific E. We propose that, based on the co-expression values stored in W, HN associates lower E values to stable phenotypic states and higher E to transient states. We validate our model using time course gene-expression data sets representing stages of development across 12 biological processes including differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into specialized cells, differentiation of THP1 monocytes to macrophages during immune response and trans-differentiation of epithelial to mesenchymal cells in cancer. We observe that transient states have higher energy than the stable phenotypic states, yielding an arc-shaped trajectory. This relationship was confirmed by perturbation analysis. HNs offer an attractive framework for quantitative modelling of cell differentiation (as a landscape) from empirical data. Using HNs, we identify genes and TFs that drive cell-fate transitions, and gain insight into the global dynamics of GRNs.
GRHL2-miR-200-ZEB1 maintains the epithelial status of ovarian cancer through transcriptional regulation and histone modification
Authors: Chung Vin Yee , Tan Tuan Zea , Tan Ming , Wong Meng Kang , Kuay Kuee Theng , Yang Zhe , Ye Jieru , Muller Julius , Koh Cheryl M. , Guccione Ernesto , Thiery Jean Paul , Huang Ruby Yun-Ju 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biological process by which polarized epithelial cells convert into a mesenchymal phenotype, has been implicated to contribute to the molecular heterogeneity of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Here we report that a transcription factor—Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) maintains the epithelial phenotype. EOC tumours with lower GRHL2 levels are associated with the Mes/Mesenchymal molecular subtype and a poorer overall survival. shRNA-mediated knockdown of GRHL2 in EOC cells with an epithelial phenotype results in EMT changes, with increased cell migration, invasion and motility. By ChIP-sequencing and gene expression microarray, microRNA-200b/a is identified as the direct transcriptional target of GRHL2 and regulates the epithelial status of EOC through ZEB1 and E-cadherin. Our study demonstrates that loss of GRHL2 increases the levels of histone mark H3K27me3 on promoters and GRHL2-binding sites at miR-200b/a and E-cadherin genes. These findings support GRHL2 as a pivotal gatekeeper of EMT in EOC via miR-200-ZEB1.