bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Nitroxide/Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols: Atroposelective Oxidative Desymmetrization
Authors: Carbó López Marta , Chavant Pierre Y. , Molton Florian , Royal Guy , Blandin Véronique 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA series of chiral imidazolidinone‐based hydroxylamines were evaluated as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols in the presence of CuIOTf/bpy/NMI as co‐catalysts. In such conditions, the in situ produced nitroxides catalyze the oxidation of benzylic alcohols. When the imidazolidinone ring is substituted by a copper‐coordinating heterocycle, the outcome of the oxidation is clearly improved in terms of rate and maximal conversion. Enantiopure catalysts featuring a bipyridine unit covalently attached in close vicinity to the hydroxylamine could be readily prepared and used in the enantioselective aerobic oxidation of three model axially‐prochiral diols. These results demonstrate for the first time the validity of a O2/chiral nitroxide/copper combination for enantioselective oxidations.
Reduced Graphene Oxide – Zinc Sulfide Composite for Solar Light Responsive Photo Current Generation and Photocatalytic 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Ibrahim Sk , Chakrabarty Sankalpita , Ghosh Surajit , Pal Tanusri 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSolution processable Reduced Graphene Oxide – Zinc Sulfide (RGO‐ZnS) composite has been synthesized by a simple single step one‐pot solvothermal route. As‐ synthesized composite was characterized structurally and optically. The photo induced charge generation of RGO‐ZnS in solid phase as well as in solution phase has been investigated under simulated solar light illumination. RGO‐ZnS thin film photo detector shows an excellent photocurrent generation with a high degree of reproducibility. The photosensitivity (ratio of photo to dark current) of the detector varies linearly with the light intensity, which is advantageous to tune the optoelectronic device performance and paves the way for its application. A remarkable increase of photoreduction efficiency of RGO‐ZnS compare to controlled ZnS / controlled RGO towards the reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol was observed.Here RGO plays a crucial role as solid state electron mediator to separate the photoexcited electron and holes and subsequently hinders the electron–hole pair recombination probability. Which consequently increases the photocurrent generation and photocatalytic activity of the composite.
Die Butterfly Bridge in Kopenhagen
Authors: Morgen Karl , Lüdders Jan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractZur Anbindung des Innenstadtbereichs von Kopenhagen an das Quartier Christianshavn und an die neue Oper sollte ein Brückenzug für Radfahrer und Fußgänger von der Innenstadt bis zur Oper realisiert werden. Aus einem internationalen Wettbewerb ging der Siegerentwurf für eine zweiflügelige Klappbrücke über den Christianshavn‐ und Tran graven‐Kanal hervor. Wenn beide Flügel aufgeklappt sind, ähnelt das Bauwerk einem überdimensionalen Schmetterling. Aus diesem Grunde nennen es die Kopenhagener Butterfly Bridge. Die Brücke sollte möglichst filigran sein, sich in kurzer Zeit öffnen lassen und sich gut in die historische Umgebung einfügen.
Stahlbau – Quo vadis?
Authors: Bärtschi Roland 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStahlbau ist eine unverzichtbare Bauweise. In den letzten Jahren haben sich die wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen der Stahlbau‐Branche jedoch stark verschärft. Globalisierung und Digitalisierung sind Segen und Fluch zugleich. Noch viel stärker sind die Herausforderungen durch die normative Benachteiligung der Stahlbauweise bei den Planungs‐ und Vertragsnormen und durch die oft ungenügenden Kompetenzen der Planenden im Umgang mit Stahlbau. Demgegenüber ist der Stahlbau als bereits historisch industrialisierte Bauweise im Vorteil gegenüber anderen Bauweisen bei der Digitalisierung und Industrialisierung der Bauprozesse.Der vorliegende Artikel stellt einige der größten Herausforderungen und Chancen der Stahlbaubranche in einem Überblick zusammen.
Prediction of Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy Based on Cross‐Sectional Images
Authors: Chang Ye Rim , Kang Jae Seung , Jang Jin‐Young , Jung Woo Hyun , Kang Mee Joo , Lee Kyung Bun , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of the most common and clinically relevant complications after distal pancreatectomy (DP), occurring in 5–40% of patients. Determining risk factors for this complication may aid in its prevention. This study sought to predict the development of POPF after DP preoperatively and objectively based on radiologic findings.MethodsThis study included 60 patients who underwent DP using a stapler for pancreatic division between June 2011 and January 2013. Fatty infiltration, apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) on preoperative MRI, pathologic fat, and fibrosis were measured. Pancreatic thickness and cross‐sectional area of the pancreas stump on CT scan were also measured.ResultsMean patient age was 60.5 years, 26 patients (46.3%) had pancreatic cancer and 20 (33.3%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Clinically relevant POPF was observed in 12 patients (20.0%). Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between fat quantification on MRI and pathologic fat (pathologic fat = 1.978 × MR fat −6.393, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.777). Univariate analysis showed that ≤8% fat on MRI (p = 0.040), ≤5% pathologic fat (p = 0.002), ADC ≤ 1.3 × 10−3 mm2/s (p = 0.020), thicker pancreas (p = 0.007), and wider cross‐sectional area of the pancreas (p = 0.013) were significantly associated with clinically relevant POPF after DP. Multivariate analysis revealed that pancreas thickness >17.6 mm [odds ratio (OR) 6.532, p = 0.064] and cross‐sectional area >377 mm2 (OR 12.676, p = 0.052) were marginally related to clinically relevant POPF.ConclusionsPancreatic thickness and cross‐sectional area of the transected surface of the pancreas are marginally significant risk factors for POPF development after DP. Measuring pancreatic thickness and cross‐sectional area can be a promising tool for the preoperative prediction of POPF.
John Bull and the American Revolution: The Transatlantic Afterlives of Arbuthnot's Character
Authors: Orr Leah 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHow did the character John Bull come to be so widely recognized as a stand-in for the British government or people? John Arbuthnot created the character in 1712 in a series of five pamphlets criticizing the British role in the War of the Spanish Succession, and for fifty years the character was mentioned only in references to Arbuthnot. In the late eighteenth century, John Bull began to appear in newspaper articles relating to other political contexts, eventually appearing in satires on all manner of British policies and characteristics, from taxes and the economy to xenophobia and imperialism. This essay argues that the American colonists adapted the character to their own purposes. This analysis contributes to the understanding of the content, political engagement, and spread of the press in eighteenth-century Britain and America. It also reveals one way that writers about British national identity and its symbolism accounted for an increasingly diverse global empire that could not be represented adequately by a single figurehead.
Bound up with Meaning: The Politics and Memory of Ribbon Wearing in Restoration England and Scotland
Authors: Legon Edward 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDuring the Exclusion Crisis (1678–83), political opinion polarized around the issue of who, or indeed what, should succeed Charles II. In addition to the labels “Whigs” and “Tories,” the rapid polarization of politics after 1681 resulted in the adoption of blue and red ribbons distinguishing the two movements. This article focuses on the Whigs’ blue ribbon, arguing that the device created the sense of an “imagined consensus” within the group's varied support base. The Whigs’ enemies used memories of Britain's troubled past in order to claim that ribbon wearing replicated the behavior of the Covenanter and Parliamentarian movements of the 1630s to 1650s. The history of ribbon wearing in England and Scotland since the 1630s suggests the Whigs were conscious of the blue ribbon's significance. This consciousness reflected an identification with the Covenanter and Parliamentarian movements that survived the Restoration. Evident in contemporary writings and speech, it has been overlooked by scholars of Restoration memory and remembering.
Evaluating the survivor or the relatives of those who do not survive: the role of genetic testing
Authors: Tester David J. , Ackerman Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe molecular millennium has bestowed clinicians and researchers with the essential tools to identify the underlying genetic substrates for thousands of genetic disorders, most of which are rare and follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. The genetic basis of potentially lethal and heritable cardiomyopathies and cardiac channelopathies has been identified and are now better understood. Genetic testing for several of these heritable conditions has made its transition from discovery through translation and have been commercially available clinical tests for over a decade. Now that clinical genetic testing is available more readily and delivers a disease-specific impact across the triad of medicine – diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic – it is important for the community of cardiologists to not only be familiar with the language of genomic medicine but to also be wiser users and even wiser interpreters of genetic testing so that wise decisions can be rendered for those patients and their families being evaluated with respect to the presence or absence of one of these potentially lethal yet highly treatable genetic disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a foundational understanding of genetic testing in clinical cardiology. Here, we will present some benefits of genetic testing: indications for either post-mortem genetic testing for the major cardiomyopathies and channelopathies or pre-mortem genetic testing among the decedent’s surviving relatives; the need for careful interpretation of genetic testing results; the importance of genetic counselling; and some points on the ethical and societal implications of genetic testing.
Sudden death due to aortic pathology
Authors: Papagiannis John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSudden death from aortic dissection of an ascending aortic aneurysm is an uncommon but important finding in all series of sudden death in young, apparently healthy athletes. Individuals at risk include those having any of a variety of conditions in which structural weakness of the ascending aorta predisposes to pathological dilation under prolonged periods of increased wall stress. These conditions include Marfan syndrome, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and the vascular form of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Diagnostic criteria, surveillance strategies, medical management, and surgical indications are discussed. Finally, the current recommendations for sports participation are provided.
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: lessons learnt and lessons remaining
Authors: Benson D. Woodrow , Cohen Mitchell I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Wolff–Parkinson–White pattern refers to the electrocardiographic appearance in sinus rhythm, wherein an accessory atrioventricular pathway abbreviates the P-R interval and causes a slurring of the QRS upslope – the “delta wave”. It may be asymptomatic or it may be associated with orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia; however, rarely, even in children, it is associated with sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation resulting from a rapid response by the accessory pathway to atrial fibrillation, which itself seems to result from orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia. Historically, patients at risk for sudden death were characterised by the presence of symptoms and a shortest pre- excited R-R interval during induced atrial fibrillation <250 ms. Owing to the relatively high prevalence of asymptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White pattern and availability of catheter ablation, there has been a need to identify risk among asymptomatic patients. Recent guidelines recommend invasive evaluation for such patients where pre-excitation clearly does not disappear during exercise testing. This strategy has a high negative predictive value only. The accuracy of this approach is under continued investigation, especially in light of other considerations: Patients having intermittent pre-excitation, once thought to be at minimal risk may not be, and the role of isoproterenol in risk assessment.
A legal perspective on athlete screening and disqualification
Authors: Paterick Timothy E. , Paterick Zachary R. , Patel Nachiket , Ammar Khawaja A. , Chandrasekaran Krishnaswamy , Tajik Abdul J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhysicians participate in the screening, routine medical supervision, and disqualification of student-athletes. In doing so, they should understand that eligibility/disqualification decisions inevitably have associated liability issues. It is the responsibility of physicians to take the lead role in the student-athlete medical assessment process to allow for optimum safety in sports programmes. The first duty of the physician is to protect the health and well-being of the student-athlete. However, because there is potential liability associated with the screening/disqualification process, physicians are wise to develop sound and reasonable strategies that are in strict compliance with the standard of care. This article focusses on cardiac screening and disqualification for participation in sports.
Glutamate Water Gates in the Ion Binding Pocket of Na+ Bound Na+, K+-ATPase
Authors: Han Minwoo , Kopec Wojciech , Solov’yov Ilia A. , Khandelia Himanshu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dynamically changing protonation states of the six acidic amino acid residues in the ion binding pocket of the Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) during the ion transport cycle are proposed to drive ion binding, release and possibly determine Na+or K+selectivity. We use molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations to determine the protonation scheme of the Na+bound conformation of NKA. MD simulations of all possible protonation schemes show that the bound Na+ions are most stably bound when three or four protons reside in the binding sites, and that Glu954 in site III is always protonated. Glutamic acid residues in the three binding sites act as water gates, and their deprotonation triggers water entry to the binding sites. From DFT calculations of Na+binding energies, we conclude that three protons in the binding site are needed to effectively bind Na+from water and four are needed to release them in the next step. Protonation of Asp926 in site III will induce Na+release, and Glu327, Glu954 and Glu779 are all likely to be protonated in the Na+bound occluded conformation. Our data provides key insights into the role of protons in the Na+binding and release mechanism of NKA.
Substrate-dependent electronic structure and film formation of MAPbI3 perovskites
Authors: Olthof Selina , Meerholz Klaus 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present investigations on the interface formation between the hybrid perovskite MAPbI3 and various substrates, covering a wide range of work functions. The perovskite films are incrementally evaporated in situ while the electronic structure is evaluated using photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results show that there is an induction period in the growth of the perovskite during which volatile compounds are formed, catalyzed by the substrate. The duration of the induction period depends strongly on the nature of the substrate material, and it can take up to 20–30 nm of formal precursor deposition before the surface is passivated and the perovskite film starts forming. The stoichiometry of the 2–3 nm thin passivation layer deviates from the expected perovskite stoichiometry, being rich in decomposition products of the organic cation. During the regular growth of the perovskite, our measurements show a deviation from the commonly assumed flat band condition, i.e., dipole formation and band bending dominate the interface. Overall, the nature of the substrate not only changes the energetic alignment of the perovskite, it can introduce gap states and influence the film formation and morphology. The possible impact on device performance is discussed.
A label-retaining but unipotent cell population resides in biliary compartment of mammalian liver
Authors: Viil Janeli , Klaas Mariliis , Valter Kadri , Belitškin Denis , Ilmjärv Sten , Jaks Viljar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCells with slow proliferation kinetics that retain the nuclear label over long time periods–the label-retaining cells (LRCs)–represent multipotent stem cells in a number of adult tissues. Since the identity of liver LRCs (LLRCs) had remained elusive we utilized a genetic approach to reveal LLRCs in normal non-injured livers and characterized their regenerative properties in vivo and in culture. We found that LLRCs were located in biliary vessels and participated in the regeneration of biliary but not hepatocyte injury. In culture experiments the sorted LLRCs displayed an enhanced self-renewal capacity but a unipotent biliary differentiation potential. Transcriptome analysis revealed a unique set of tumorigenesis- and nervous system-related genes upregulated in LLRCs when compared to non-LRC cholangiocytes. We conclude that the LLRCs established during the normal morphogenesis of the liver do not represent a multipotent primitive somatic stem cell population but act as unipotent biliary progenitor cells.
Continental drift and plateau uplift control origination and evolution of Asian and Australian monsoons
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Dong Buwen , Yin Zhi-Yong , Smith Robin S. , Guo Qingchun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEvolutions of Asian and Australian monsoons have important significance for understanding the past global change but are still a controversial subject. Here, we explore systematically the effects of plate movement and plateau uplift on the formation and evolution of the Asian and Australian monsoons by numerical simulations based on land-sea distributions and topographic conditions for five typical geological periods during the Cenozoic. Our results suggest that the timings and causes of formation of the monsoons in South Asia, East Asia and northern Australia are different. The Indian Subcontinent, which was located in the tropical Southern Hemisphere in the Paleocene, was influenced by the austral monsoon system simulated at that time. Once it moved to the tropical Northern Hemisphere in the Eocene, the South Asian monsoon established and remained persistently thereafter. However, the monsoons of East Asia and northern Australia did not appear until the Miocene. The establishment of the simulated low-latitude South Asian (northern Australian) monsoon appeared to have strongly depended on the location of mainland India (Australia), associated with northward plate motion, without much relation to the plateau uplift. On the contrary, the establishment of the mid-latitude East Asian monsoon was mainly controlled by the uplift of Tibetan plateau.
Perturbed CD8+ T cell TIGIT/CD226/PVR axis despite early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in HIV infected individuals
Authors: Tauriainen Johanna , Scharf Lydia , Frederiksen Juliet , Naji Ali , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Sönnerborg Anders , Lund Ole , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Hecht Frederick M. , Deeks Steven G. , Betts Michael R. , Buggert Marcus , Karlsson Annika C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHIV-specific CD8+ T cells demonstrate an exhausted phenotype associated with increased expression of inhibitory receptors, decreased functional capacity, and a skewed transcriptional profile, which are only partially restored by antiretroviral treatment (ART). Expression levels of the inhibitory receptor, T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), the co-stimulatory receptor CD226 and their ligand PVR are altered in viral infections and cancer. However, the extent to which the TIGIT/CD226/PVR-axis is affected by HIV-infection has not been characterized. Here, we report that TIGIT expression increased over time despite early initiation of ART. HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were almost exclusively TIGIT+, had an inverse expression of the transcription factors T-bet and Eomes and co-expressed PD-1, CD160 and 2B4. HIV-specific TIGIThi cells were negatively correlated with polyfunctionality and displayed a diminished expression of CD226. Furthermore, expression of PVR was increased on CD4+ T cells, especially T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, in HIV-infected lymph nodes. These results depict a skewing of the TIGIT/CD226 axis from CD226 co-stimulation towards TIGIT-mediated inhibition of CD8+ T cells, despite early ART. These findings highlight the importance of the TIGIT/CD226/PVR axis as an immune checkpoint barrier that could hinder future “cure” strategies requiring potent HIV-specific CD8+ T cells.
Structural basis of the interaction between the putative adhesion-involved and iron-regulated FrpD and FrpC proteins of Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Sviridova Ekaterina , Rezacova Pavlina , Bondar Alexey , Veverka Vaclav , Novak Petr , Schenk Gundolf , Svergun Dmitri I. , Kuta Smatanova Ivana , Bumba Ladislav 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe iron-regulated protein FrpD from Neisseria meningitidis is an outer membrane lipoprotein that interacts with very high affinity (Kd ~ 0.2 nM) with the N-terminal domain of FrpC, a Type I-secreted protein from the Repeat in ToXin (RTX) protein family. In the presence of Ca2+, FrpC undergoes Ca2+ -dependent protein trans-splicing that includes an autocatalytic cleavage of the Asp414-Pro415 peptide bond and formation of an Asp414-Lys isopeptide bond. Here, we report the high-resolution structure of FrpD and describe the structure-function relationships underlying the interaction between FrpD and FrpC1-414. We identified FrpD residues involved in FrpC1-414 binding, which enabled localization of FrpD within the low-resolution SAXS model of the FrpD-FrpC1-414 complex. Moreover, the trans-splicing activity of FrpC resulted in covalent linkage of the FrpC1-414 fragment to plasma membrane proteins of epithelial cells in vitro, suggesting that formation of the FrpD-FrpC1-414 complex may be involved in the interaction of meningococci with the host cell surface.
Shift of fleshy fruited species along elevation: temperature, canopy coverage, phylogeny and origin
Authors: Yu Shunli , Katz Ofir , Fang Weiwei , Li Danfeng , Sang Weiguo , Liu Canran 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlant communities differ in their fruit type spectra, especially in the proportions of fleshy and non-fleshy fruit types. However, which abiotic and biotic factors drive this variability along elevation gradient and what drives the evolution of fruit type diversity still are puzzling. We analyzed the variations in proportions and richness of fleshy-fruited species and their correlations to various abiotic and biotic variables along elevation gradients in three mountains in the Beijing region, northeast China. Fleshy-fruited species, which are characterized by high fruit water contents, were found in great proportion and richness at relatively low elevations, where soil water content is low compared to high elevations. High temperatures in low elevations increase water availability for plants. Plants that grow in the shaded low-elevation thick-canopy forests are less exposed to evapotranspiration and thus possess water surpluses that can be invested in fleshy fruits. Such an investment in fleshy fruits is beneficial for these species because it makes the fruits more attractive to frugivores that act as seed dispersers in the close-canopied environments, where dispersion by wind is less effective. A hypothesis is proposed that plant internal water surpluses are the prerequisite conditions that permit evolution of fleshy fruits to occur.