bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of pharmacogenomics and adverse drug reactions in paediatric oncology patients
Authors: Conyers Rachel , Devaraja Subalatha , Elliott David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany paediatric patients with cancer experience significant chemotherapy side effects. Predisposition to drug reactions is governed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We performed a systematic review of the literature from 2006 through 2016. Outcomes of interest included patient characteristics, cancer type drug of interest, genes investigated, toxicity identified and genetic polymorphisms implicated. The primary toxicities studied were neurotoxicity cardiotoxicity, osteonecrosis, and thromboembolism and hypersensitivity reactions. The retrieved studies were grouped according to toxicity reported and SNP associations. This review highlights the discoveries to date in pharmacogenomics and paediatric oncology along with highlighting some of the important limitations in the area.
Bone marrow features in Pearson syndrome with neonatal onset: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tadiotto Elisa , Maines Evelina , Degani Daniela , Balter Rita , Bordugo Andrea , Cesaro Simone 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPearson syndrome (PS) is a rare mitochondrial disorder that usually presents with transfusion‐dependent macrocytic anemia, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, and lactic acidosis. Typical bone marrow (BM) features are vacuolization in hematopoietic progenitors, hypocellularity, and ringed sideroblasts. At the neonatal age, PS may have a variable clinical onset. Moreover, there is little information about BM features at this age and the timing of their presentation. We report a neonatal case of PS that presented with refractory anemia and atypical BM features. We reviewed the BM findings in neonatal‐onset PS cases to stress the importance and limitations of BM evaluation at this age.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Adoption of Pharmacogenetic Testing in an Inner‐City Population
Authors: Lee Yee Ming , Manzoor Beenish S. , Cavallari Larisa H. , Nutescu Edith A. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the knowledge, attitudes, and interest of an inner‐city population toward pharmacogenetic testing, with the primary objective of identifying facilitators and barriers toward pharmacogenetic testing; and secondary objectives of determining predictors of patient interest in pharmacogenetic testing and how much patients would pay for the test.MethodsPatients were recruited from an Antithrombosis Clinic from March to April 2014. A cross‐sectional 19‐question survey was administered in person to determine patients' knowledge and awareness of pharmacogenetic testing and collect demographic information. After explaining pharmacogenetics, patients ranked their interest toward the test and answered open‐ended questions that elicited facilitators and barriers toward pharmacogenetic testing and elucidated how much patients would pay for testing.ResultsA total of 120 patients (mean age 55.0 ± 14.0 years, 39.2% male, 69.2% African American) were surveyed. Facilitators included providing further information about pharmacogenetic testing; elaborating on benefits of testing to predict treatment efficacy; patients' trust in their providers to make correct genotype‐guided prescribing decisions; and insurance coverage and test affordability. Barriers to testing included concerns about the negative consequences associated with test results; burden of the testing process; perceived lack of utility among elderly and those whose medications were working; privacy issues; and concerns regarding insurance coverage and test affordability. Women had 4.2 times higher adjusted odds of being interested in pharmacogenetic testing. Almost half (44.4%) of the patients with high interest in the test were willing to pay $20 or more, whereas 76.2% of patients with low interest wanted testing at no cost.ConclusionThis study identified facilitators, such as providing additional pharmacogenetic test information, and barriers, such as perceived negative impact of the results and test utility, as issues to address when engaging an urban, largely minority population in pharmacogenetic testing. Female sex was a predictor of interest toward pharmacogenetic testing. These facilitators and barriers should be taken into consideration as pharmacogenetic testing gains widespread utility among inner‐city populations.
A brittle‐2 transgene increases maize yield by acting in maternal tissues to increase seed number
Authors: Hannah L. Curtis , Shaw Janine R. , Clancy Maureen A. , Georgelis Nikolaos , Boehlein Susan K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe enzyme ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase is essential for starch biosynthesis and is highly regulated. Here, mutations that increased heat stability and interactions with allosteric effectors were incorporated into the small subunit of the isoform known to be expressed at high levels in the maize endosperm. The resulting variants were transformed into maize with expression targeted to the endosperm. Transgenes harboring the changes increased yield some 35%; however, yield enhancement occurred via an increase in seed number rather than by increased seed weight. Interestingly, seed number increase is controlled by the genotype of the plant rather than the genotype of the seed as seeds increase in number whether or not they contain the transgene as long as the maternal parent has the transgene. The transgene is however expressed in the endosperm, and the altered allosteric and stability properties initially seen in Escherichia coli expression experiments are also seen with the endosperm‐expressed gene. The extent of seed number increase is positively correlated with the average daily high temperature during the first 4 days postpollination. While these results were unexpected, they echo the phenotypic changes caused by the insertion of an altered large subunit of this enzyme reported previously (Plant Cell, 24, 2012, 2352). These results call into question some of the reported fundamental differences separating starch synthesis in the endosperm vis‐à‐vis other plant tissues.
Reduced translocation in 2,4‐D‐resistant oriental mustard populations (Sisymbrium orientale L.) from Australia
Authors: Dang Hue Thi , Malone Jenna M , Boutsalis Peter , Krishnan Mahima , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo oriental mustard populations (P2 and P13) collected from Port Broughton, South Australia were identified as resistant to 2,4‐D. The level of resistance, mechanism and the mode of inheritance for 2,4‐D resistance in these populations were investigated.RESULTSPopulations P2 and P13 were confirmed to be resistant to 2,4‐D at the field rate (600 g a.e. ha−1). P2 and P13 were 81‐ and 67‐fold more resistant than the susceptible populations (S1 and S2) at the dose required for 50% mortality (LD50), respectively. No predicted amino acid modification was detected in sequences of potential target‐site genes (ABP, TIR1 and AFB5). Resistant populations had reduced 2,4‐D translocation compared with the susceptible populations, with 77% of [14C]2,4‐D retained in the treated leaf versus 32% at 72 h after treatment. Resistance to 2,4‐D is encoded on the nuclear genome and is dominant, as the response to 2,4‐D of all F2 individuals were similar to the resistant biotypes. The segregation of F2 phenotypes fitted a 3: 1 (R: S) inheritance model.CONCLUSIONResistance to 2,4‐D in oriental mustard is likely due to reduced translocation of 2,4‐D out of the treated leaf. Inheritance of 2,4‐D resistance is conferred by a single gene with a high level of dominance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanistic study on gold(I)‐catalyzed crosscoupling of diazo compounds: A DFT study
Authors: Li Yan , Tian Ruixue , Liang Changhai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe reaction mechanisms of the gold(I)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of aryldiazoacetate R1 with vinyldiazoacetate R2 leading to N‐substituted pyrazoles have been theoretically investigated using density functional theory calculations. Two possible reaction mechanisms were examined and discussed. The preferred reaction mechanism (mechanism A) can be characterized by five steps: the formation of the gold carbenoid A2 via the attack of catalyst to R1 (step I), nucleophilic addition of another reactant R2 to generate intermediate A3 (step II), intramolecular cyclization of A3 to form intermediate A4 (step III), hydrogen migration to give intermediate A5 (step IV), and catalyst elimination affording the final product P1 (step V). Step IV is found to be the rate‐determining step with an overall free energy barrier of 28.3 kcal/mol. Our calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The present study may provide a useful guide for understanding these kinds of gold(I)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of diazo compounds.
On MAXCUT in strictly supercritical random graphs, and coloring of random graphs and random tournaments
Authors: Gishboliner Lior , Krivelevich Michael , Kronenberg Gal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe use a theorem by Ding, Lubetzky, and Peres describing the structure of the giant component of random graphs in the strictly supercritical regime, in order to determine the typical size of MAXCUT of in terms of ɛ. We then apply this result to prove the following conjecture by Frieze and Pegden. For every , there exists such that w.h.p. is not homomorphic to the cycle on vertices. We also consider the coloring properties of biased random tournaments. A p‐random tournament on n vertices is obtained from the transitive tournament by reversing each edge independently with probability p. We show that for the chromatic number of a p‐random tournament behaves similarly to that of a random graph with the same edge probability. To treat the case we use the aforementioned result on MAXCUT and show that in fact w.h.p. one needs to reverse edges to make it 2‐colorable.
Children's ideas about fossils and foundational concepts related to fossils
Authors: Borgerding Lisa A. , Raven Sara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany standards documents and learning progressions recommend evolution learning in elementary grades. Given young children's interest in dinosaurs and other fossils, fossil investigations can provide a rich entry into evolutionary biology for young learners. Educational psychology literature has addressed children's reasoning about foundational concepts related to fossils such as living/nonliving distinctions, causation, origins of objects, and conceptions of time. This exploratory qualitative case study explored preschool children's ideas about fossils and these foundational concepts as children moved through a 1‐week science camp devoted to fossils. Research participants consisted of 15 preschool children aged 3–6 enrolled in a university‐affiliated summer camp. Data sources included daily assessments and postcamp individual interviews. Data analysis yielded several main findings. Children were successful at determining where fossils could be found, identifying familiar fossils and fossil tracks, ascertaining that familiar and unfamiliar fossils were nonliving, and determining that rocks have natural origins. Children struggled more often at understanding how fossils differ from recent bones and skulls, properties uniting fossils, and the natural origins of plants and unfamiliar fossils. We also noted clear age‐ and object‐related trends for living/nonliving distinctions, teleological reasoning, origins, and object ages. Implications for future research and practice are offered.
The Taming of the Maleimide: Fabrication of Maleimide‐Containing ‘Clickable’ Polymeric Materials
Authors: Oz Yavuz , Sanyal Amitav 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFunctional polymers are widely employed in various areas of biomedical sciences. In order to tailor them for desired applications, facile and efficient functionalization of these polymeric materials under mild and benign conditions is important. Polymers containing reactive maleimide groups can be employed for such applications since they provide an excellent handle for conjugation of thiol‐ and diene‐containing molecules and biomolecules. Until recently, fabrication of maleimide containing polymeric materials has been challenging due to the interference from the highly reactive double bond. A Diels‐Alder/retro Diels‐Alder reaction sequence based strategy to transiently mask the maleimide group provides access to such polymeric materials. In this personal account, we summarize contributions from our group towards the fabrication and functionalization of maleimide‐containing polymeric materials over the past decade.
Antireflux Surgery in the USA: Influence of Surgical Volume on Perioperative Outcomes and Costs—Time for Centralization?
Authors: Schlottmann Francisco , Strassle Paula D. , Patti Marco G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have analyzed the relationship between surgical volume and outcomes after antireflux procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of surgical volume on postoperative results and costs for patients undergoing surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease.MethodsWe analyzed the National Inpatient Sample (period 2000–2013). Adult patients (≥18 years old) with gastroesophageal reflux disease who underwent fundoplication were included. Hospital surgical volume was determined using the 30th and 60th percentile cut points using weighted discharges and categorized as low (<10 operations/year), intermediate (10–25 operations/year), or high (>25 operations/year). We performed multivariable logistic regression models to assess the effect of surgical volume on patient outcomes.ResultsThe studied cohort comprised 75,544 patients who had antireflux surgery. When operations performed at low‐volume hospitals, postoperative bleeding, cardiac failure, renal failure, respiratory failure, and inpatient mortality were more common. In intermediate‐volume hospitals, patients were more likely to have postoperative infection, esophageal perforation, bleeding, cardiac failure, renal failure, and respiratory failure. The length of hospital stay was longer at low‐ and intermediate‐volume hospitals (1.08 and 0.55 days longer, respectively). There was an increase in charges of 5120 dollars per patient at low‐volume centers, and 4010 dollars per patient at intermediate‐volume centers.ConclusionsWhen antireflux surgery is performed at high‐volume hospitals, morbidity is lower, length of hospital stay is shorter, and costs for the healthcare system are decreased.
Risk Factors for Incisional Hernia in Children
Authors: Tanaka Keiichiro , Misawa Takeyuki , Ashizuka Shuichi , Yoshizawa Jyoji , Akiba Tadashi , Ohki Takao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncisional hernia (IH) is a major complication of abdominal surgery. Although previous studies reported that the incidence of IH after abdominal surgery in adults was 5–50% and that various independent risk factors were involved, IH in children is still not well known. The objective of our study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for IH in children.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all children who underwent abdominal surgery at the Jikei University Hospitals (Jikei University Hospital, Kashiwa Hospital, Katsushika Medical Center and Daisan Hospital) between January 2001 and December 2016. Abdominal surgery in children was defined as open laparotomy and laparoscopic abdominal surgery in patients ≤ 15 years old. Conventional open repair for inguinal hernias, umbilical hernia repair, congenital abdominal defect repair and orchiopexy were excluded.ResultsOverall, 2049 children were performed abdominal surgery. Among them, 14 children (10 males and 4 females) developed IH, and the incidence of IH was 0.68% (14/2049). There is no significant difference between laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery. The statistically significant variables and identified risk factors were operation in neonates, laparoscopic fundoplication and open supraumbilical pyloromyotomy. In all patients who had IH repair, there was no recurrence during the follow‐up period 50.4 months (range 1 months–10 years) except two recurrence cases.ConclusionThe incidence of IH in children is significantly lower than that in adults, and the above three risk factors were revealed. Before abdominal surgery, we recommend that pediatric surgeons should mention the risk of developing IH when the patient has the above risk factors.
Improving the quality of cognitive screening assessments: ACEmobile, an iPad‐based version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐III
Authors: Newman Craig G.J. , Bevins Adam D. , Zajicek John P. , Hodges John R. , Vuillermoz Emil , Dickenson Jennifer M. , Kelly Denise S. , Brown Simona , Noad Rupert F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionEnsuring reliable administration and reporting of cognitive screening tests are fundamental in establishing good clinical practice and research. This study captured the rate and type of errors in clinical practice, using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐III (ACE‐III), and then the reduction in error rate using a computerized alternative, the ACEmobile app.MethodsIn study 1, we evaluated ACE‐III assessments completed in National Health Service (NHS) clinics (n = 87) for administrator error. In study 2, ACEmobile and ACE‐III were then evaluated for their ability to capture accurate measurement.ResultsIn study 1, 78% of clinically administered ACE‐IIIs were either scored incorrectly or had arithmetical errors. In study 2, error rates seen in the ACE‐III were reduced by 85%–93% using ACEmobile.DiscussionError rates are ubiquitous in routine clinical use of cognitive screening tests and the ACE‐III. ACEmobile provides a framework for supporting reduced administration, scoring, and arithmetical error during cognitive screening.
Sexual Arousal and Sexually Explicit Media (SEM): Comparing Patterns of Sexual Arousal to SEM and Sexual Self-Evaluations and Satisfaction Across Gender and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Hald Gert Martin , Stulhofer Aleksandar , Lange Theis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Investigations of patterns of sexual arousal to certain groups of sexually explicit media (SEM) in the general population in non-laboratory settings are rare. Such knowledge could be important to understand more about the relative specificity of sexual arousal in different SEM users.

Aims
(i) To investigate whether sexual arousal to non-mainstream vs mainstream SEM contents could be categorized across gender and sexual orientation, (ii) to compare levels of SEM-induced sexual arousal, sexual satisfaction, and self-evaluated sexual interests and fantasies between non-mainstream and mainstream SEM groups, and (iii) to explore the validity and predictive accuracy of the Non-Mainstream Pornography Arousal Scale (NPAS).

Methods
Online cross-sectional survey of 2,035 regular SEM users in Croatia.

Main Outcomes Measures
Patterns of sexual arousal to 27 different SEM themes, sexual satisfaction, and self-evaluations of sexual interests and sexual fantasies.

Results
Groups characterized by sexual arousal to non-mainstream SEM could be identified across gender and sexual orientation. These non-mainstream SEM groups reported more SEM use and higher average levels of sexual arousal across the 27 SEM themes assessed compared with mainstream SEM groups. Only few differences were found between non-mainstream and mainstream SEM groups in self-evaluative judgements of sexual interests, sexual fantasies, and sexual satisfaction. The internal validity and predictive accuracy of the NPAS was good across most user groups investigated.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that in classified non-mainstream SEM groups, patterns of sexual arousal might be less fixated and category specific than previously assumed. Further, these groups are not more judgmental of their SEM-related sexual arousal patterns than groups characterized by patterns of sexual arousal to more mainstream SEM content. Moreover, accurate identification of non-mainstream SEM group membership is generally possible across gender and sexual orientation using the NPAS.
Trends in Penile Prosthetics: Influence of Patient Demographics, Surgeon Volume, and Hospital Volume on Type of Penile Prosthesis Inserted in New York State
Authors: Kashanian James A. , Golan Ron , Sun Tianyi , Patel Neal A. , Lipsky Michael J. , Stahl Peter J. , Sedrakyan Art 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Penile prostheses (PPs) are a discrete, well-tolerated treatment option for men with medical refractory erectile dysfunction. Despite the increasing prevalence of erectile dysfunction, multiple series evaluating inpatient data have found a decrease in the frequency of PP surgery during the past decade.

Aims
To investigate trends in PP surgery and factors affecting the choice of different PPs in New York State.

Methods
This study used the New York State Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative (SPARCS) data cohort that includes longitudinal information on hospital discharges, ambulatory surgery, emergency department visits, and outpatient services. Patients older than 18 years who underwent inflatable or non-inflatable PP insertion from 2000 to 2014 were included in the study.

Outcomes
Influence of patient demographics, surgeon volume, and hospital volume on type of PP inserted.

Results
Since 2000, 14,114 patients received PP surgery in New York State; 12,352 PPs (88%) were inflatable and 1,762 (12%) were non-inflatable, with facility-level variation from 0% to 100%. There was an increasing trend in the number of annual procedures performed, with rates of non-inflatable PP insertion decreasing annually (P &lt; .01). More procedures were performed in the ambulatory setting over time (P &lt; .01). Important predictors of device choice were insurance type, year of insertion, hospital and surgeon volume, and the presence of comorbidities.

Clinical Implications
Major influences in choice of PP inserted include racial and socioeconomic factors and surgeon and hospital surgical volume.

Strengths and Limitations
Use of the SPARCS database, which captures inpatient and outpatient services, allows for more accurate insight into trends in contrast to inpatient sampling alone. However, SPARCS is limited to patients within New York State and the results might not be generalizable to men in other states. Also, patient preference was not accounted for in these analyses, which can play a role in PP selection.

Conclusions
During the past 14 years, there has been an increasing trend in inflatable PP surgery for the management of erectile dysfunction. Most procedures are performed in the ambulatory setting and not previously captured by prior studies using inpatient data.
A Republican Potential: The Rise and Fall of the German Democratic Party in Hof-an-der-Saale, 1918–1920
Authors: Burkhardt Alex 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn January 1919, theBürgertumof the Bavarian town of Hof voted overwhelmingly for the left-liberal German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei, DDP). But the following summer, in theReichstagelections of June 1920, the Democrats sustained significant losses against the right-wing nationalist Bavarian Middle Party (Bayerische Mittelpartei, BMP). This article explores the rise and fall of the DDP in Hof by showing that a pro-republican politics initially proved popular among the localBürgertum, until its credibility was undermined and ultimately destroyed by a series of devastating crises: the BavarianRäterepublikof April 1919, the publication of the Versailles Treaty a month later, and the revolutionary and counterrevolutionary convulsions triggered by the Kapp Putsch in March 1920. This article concludes that political violence and a burgeoning confrontation betweenbürgerlicheand socialist milieus were the key factors in explaining the eclipse of left-liberalism in Hof during the first years of the Weimar Republic.