bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLASSY. X. Highlighting Differences between Partial Covering and Semianalytic Modeling in the Estimation of Galactic Outflow Properties
Authors: Huberty Mason , Carr Cody , Scarlata Claudia , Heckman Timothy , Henry Alaina , Xu Xinfeng , Arellano-Córdova Karla Z. , Berg Danielle A. , Charlot Stéphane , Chisholm John , Gazagnes Simon , Hayes Matthew , Hu Weida , James Bethan L. , Jennings R. Michael , Leitherer Claus , Martin Crystal L. , Mingozzi Matilde , Skillman Evan D. , Sugahara Yuma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Feedback-driven massive outflows play a crucial role in galaxy evolution by regulating star formation and influencing the dynamics of surrounding media. Extracting outflow properties from spectral lines is a notoriously difficult process for a number of reasons, including the possibility that a substantial fraction of the outflow is carried by dense gas in a very narrow range in velocity. This gas can hide in spectra with insufficient resolution. Empirically motivated analysis based on the apparent optical depth method, commonly used in the literature, neglects the contribution of this gas, and may therefore underestimate the true gas column density. More complex semianalytical line transfer (e.g., SALT) models, on the other hand, allow for the presence of this gas by modeling the radial density and velocity of the outflows as power laws. Here we compare the two approaches to quantify the uncertainties in the inferences of outflow properties based on 1D “down-the-barrel” spectra, using the UV spectra of the CLASSY galaxy sample. We find that empirical modeling may significantly underestimate the column densities relative to SALT analysis, particularly in the optically thick regime. We use simulations to show that the main reason for this discrepancy is the presence of a large amount of dense material at low velocities, which can be hidden by the finite spectral resolution of the data. The SALT models in turn could overestimate the column densities if the assumed power laws of the density profiles are not a property of actual outflows.
Detection of a Transient Quasiperiodic Oscillation in γ-Rays from Blazar PKS 2255-282
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Banerjee Anuvab , Das Avik Kumar , Mandal Avijit , Bose Debanjan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive variability analysis of the blazar PKS 2255-282 using Fermi-LAT observations spanning over 4 yr, from MJD 57783.5 to 59358.5. Our analysis revealed a transient quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) with a period of 93 ± 2.6 days. We employed a variety of Fourier-based methods, including the Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP) and weighted wavelet Z-transform (WWZ), as well as time domain analysis techniques such as seasonal and nonseasonal autoregressive Integrated moving average models and the Stochastic modeling with stochastically driven damped harmonic oscillator models. Consistently, the QPO with a period of 93 days was detected across all methods used. The observed peak in LSP and time-averaged WWZ plots has a significance level of 4.06σ and 3.96σ, respectively. To understand the source of flux modulations in the light curve, we explored various physical models. A plausible scenario involves the precession of the jet with a high Lorentz factor or the movement of a plasma blob along a helical trajectory within the relativistic jet.
Modeling the Effects of a Light Bridge on Properties of Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in Solar Pores
Authors: Schiavo Luiz A. C. A. , Gordovskyy Mykola , Browning Philippa K. , de Souza e Almeida Silva Suzana , Verth Gary , Ballai Istvan , Shelyag Sergiy , Ruzheinikov Sergey N. , McLaughlin James A. , Fedun Viktor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Solar pores are ideal magnetic structures for wave propagation and transport of energy radially outwards across the upper layers of the solar atmosphere. We aim to model the excitation and propagation of magnetohydrodynamic waves in a pore with a light bridge modeled as two interacting magnetic flux tubes separated by a thin, weaker-field layer. We solve the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations numerically and calculate the circulation as a measure of net torsional motion. We find that the interaction between flux tubes results in the natural excitation of propagating torsional Alfvén waves but find no torsional waves in the model with a single flux tube. The torsional Alfvén waves propagate with wave speeds matching the local Alfvén speed where wave amplitude peaks.
Scylla. I. A Pure-parallel, Multiwavelength Imaging Survey of the ULLYSES Fields in the LMC and SMC
Authors: Murray Claire E. , Lindberg Christina W. , Yanchulova Merica-Jones Petia , Williams Benjamin F. , Cohen Roger E. , Gordon Karl D. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Choi Yumi , Burhenne Clare , Sandstrom Karin M. , Bot Caroline , Johnson L. Clifton , Goldman Steven R. , Clark Christopher J. R. , Roman-Duval Julia C. , Gilbert Karoline M. , Peek J. E. G. , Hirschauer Alec S. , Boyer Martha L. , Dolphin Andrew E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scylla is a deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) survey of the stellar populations, interstellar medium, and star formation in the LMC and SMC. As a pure-parallel complement to the Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) survey, Scylla obtained 342 orbits of ultraviolet (UV) through near-IR imaging of the LMC and SMC with Wide Field Camera 3. In this paper, we describe the science objectives, observing strategy, data reduction procedure, and initial results from our photometric analysis of 96 observed fields. Although our observations were constrained by ULLYSES primary exposures, we imaged all fields in at least two filters (F475W and F814W) and 64% of fields in at least three and as many as seven WFC3 filters spanning the UV to IR. Overall, we reach average 50% completeness of m
F225W = 26.0, m
F275W = 26.2, m
F336W = 26.9, m
F475W = 27.8, m
F814W = 25.5, m
F110W = 24.7, and m
F160W = 24.0 Vega mag in our photometric catalogs, which is faintward of the ancient main-sequence turnoff in all filters. The primary science goals of Scylla include characterizing the structure and properties of dust in the MCs, as well as their spatially resolved star formation and chemical enrichment histories. Our images and photometric catalogs, which represent the widest-area coverage of MCs with HST photometry to date, are available as a high-level science product at the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
Expansion Properties of the Young Supernova Type Iax Remnant Pa 30 Revealed
Authors: Cunningham Tim , Caiazzo Ilaria , Prusinski Nikolaus Z. , Fuller James , Raymond John C. , Kulkarni S. R. , Neill James D. , Duffell Paul , Martin Chris , Toloza Odette , Charbonneau David , Kenyon Scott J. , Lin Zeren , Matuszewski Mateusz , McGurk Rosalie , Polin Abigail , Yao Philippe Z. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The recently discovered Pa 30 nebula, the putative type Iax supernova remnant associated with the historical supernova of 1181 AD, shows puzzling characteristics that make it unique among known supernova remnants. In particular, Pa 30 exhibits a complex morphology, with a unique radial and filamentary structure, and it hosts a hot stellar remnant at its center, which displays oxygen-dominated, ultrafast winds. Because of the surviving stellar remnant and the lack of hydrogen and helium in its filaments, it has been suggested that Pa 30 is the product of a failed thermonuclear explosion in a near- or super-Chandrasekhar white dwarf, which created a subluminous transient, a rare subtype of the Ia class of supernovae called type Iax. We present here a detailed study of the 3D structure and velocities of a full radial section of the remnant. The Integral Field Unit observations, obtained with the new red channel of the Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectrograph, reveal that the ejecta are consistent with being ballistic, with velocities close to the free-expansion velocity. Additionally, we detect a large cavity inside the supernova remnant and a sharp inner edge to the filamentary structure, which coincides with the outer edge of a bright ring detected in infrared images. Finally, we detect a strong asymmetry in the amount of ejecta along the line of sight, which might hint at an asymmetric explosion. Our analysis provides strong confirmation that the explosion originated from SN 1181.
On the Contribution of Unresolved Pulsars to the Ultra-high-energy Galactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission
Authors: Kaci Samy , Giacinti Gwenael , Semikoz Dmitri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ultra-high-energy (UHE) Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission holds important information on the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. However, its measurements suffer from a contamination from unresolved sources whose contribution remains unclear. In this Letter, we propose a novel data-driven estimate of the contribution of unresolved pulsar wind nebulae and TeV halos based on the information present in the Australia Telescope National Facility and the LHAASO catalogs. We find that in the inner Galaxy, this contribution is limited to ∼38% ± 10% of the diffuse flux measured by LHAASO at ∼20 TeV in the case where all sources associated to pulsars contribute as unresolved sources, and this fraction drops to less than 21% ± 6% above 100 TeV. In the outer Galaxy, this contribution is always subdominant. In particular, it reaches at most ∼18% ± 2% at 10 TeV and is less than ∼7% ± 1% above ∼25 TeV. We conclude that the UHE Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission cannot be dominated by unresolved pulsar sources above a few tens of TeV.
In the Quest for Sustainability  –  How can National Competition Authorities Contribute?
Authors: Dobosz Kamil 
Published: October 2024

The perspective through which competition law in the European Union is perceived has been changing over the recent several years. The leitmotif of this trend is grouped with the ongoing debate on the goals that competition law may encompass and serve. One of its facets pertains to sustainability. However, it elicits two further doubts. The first regards the meaning of sustainability. To target sustainability values, rules and policies, prior identification of its scope is unquestionably inevitable. To this end, multiple publications1 were delivered and, as it constitutes a separate subject of research, in principle it will not be discussed in this paper. However, the other signalled doubt has to be addressed here – how can sustainability goals (technically) be achieved with or through competition law? Obviously the exhaustive answer would need to be (excessively) extensive in length. Thus, touching upon a piece thereof, this paper will focus on National Competition Authorities (hereinafter: ‘NCAs’) and their capability to join ‘the quest for sustainability’.
Comparison of B Cell Variable Region Gene Segment Characteristics in Neuro-autoantibodies
Authors: Abd El Baky Hend , Weinstock Nadav I , Khan Sial Gull Zareen , Hicar Mark D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Autoimmune pediatric neurologic diseases have variable phenotypes and presentations, making diagnosis challenging. The pathologic mechanisms are also distinct, including cell-mediated and Ab-mediated autoimmunity, paraneoplastic syndromes, and postinfectious processes. In recent years a number of studies have described the characteristics of the autoantibodies involved in a number of these diseases. Some of the described Abs use a restricted set of variable gene segments. We sought to compare the Ab characteristics of autoantibodies related to some of the more common disorders to discover whether specific Ab signatures are universally associated with neuroautoimmune diseases. We initially performed a literature review to summarize the Ab characteristics of autoantibodies related to some of the more common disorders, including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI-1). Next, we performed data analysis from selected studies that sequenced Ig genes to further characterize NMDAR and LGI-1 autoantibodies including CDR3 length distribution, variable gene sequence usage, and isotype use. We found that CDR3 length of NMDAR autoantibodies was normally distributed whereas the CDR3 length distribution of LGI-1 autoantibodies was skewed, suggesting that there is no global structural restriction on types of autoantibodies that can cause encephalitis. We also found that IgG1–IgG3 were the main NMDAR autoantibody isotypes detected, while IgG4 was the major isotype used in autoantibodies from LGI-1 encephalitis. These findings are useful for our understanding of autoimmune encephalitis and will help facilitate better diagnosis and treatment of these conditions in the future.
Creative Leadership: An Implementing Study of Transformative Leadership Models in High School for Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Muthoifin  , Hamid Noor , Sutama  , Hidayat Syamsul , Waston  , Nirwana Andri 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The objectives of this study are to: 1). Identify the types of principal leadership applied in high schools, 2). The application of creative leadership of school principals in modern Islamic boarding schools in empowering teacher performance in schools, 3). Fostering the creative leadership of school principals in modern Islamic boarding schools.

Theoretical Framework: This study will explore how high school leaders in Muhammadiyah apply creative and transformative leadership principles to face contemporary challenges in education, such as adapting to new technologies, improving the quality of teaching, and promoting sustainable development values among students and staff.

Methods: This research uses an interpretative paradigm with a qualitative approach, case study type, and multicase design. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity using triangulation of sources, methods, and theories. Next, an interactive model analysis is carried out. Obyek penelitian dilakukan di SMAM SBM Piyungan Yogyakarta dan SMAM Pondok Pesantren Modern Imam Cabang Syuhodo Muhammadiyah Blimbing, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah.

Results and Conclusion: The results of this study show (1) Types of creative leadership in these two schools include being innovative, engaging in the community, providing opportunities for students to develop, and focusing on social and humanitarian contributions. (2) The application of principals' creative leadership in empowering teacher performance in schools is carried out by encouraging innovation in learning, providing support and training, recognizing and rewarding superior performance, developing joint learning plans, providing emotional support, facilitating teacher collaboration, implementing an equitable evaluation system, and integrating educational technology.

Research implications: The implications of creative values applied in cottages, especially in terms of raising cottages, are proactive, advanced, inclusive, do not impose and do not prohibit, and even provide education to the community so that according to the direction of Islamic boarding schools that uphold Islamic teachings, can be implemented and applied.

Originality/value: the originality of this research lies in pesantren which includes Islamic educational institutions with creative leadership that is not stagnant, and always runs and develops dynamically.
Decoding Sustainability Reporting: Insights from Text Mining and Classification Models for SDGs
Authors: Lin Yihuan , Choo Wei Chong , Ng Keng Yap 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the signaling effects of Sustainability Reporting (SR) in listed Singapore firms, particularly in demonstrating firm capitalization and sustainability performance. The research focuses on identifying distinct SR signals using advanced text mining and classification techniques, and their alignment with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in signaling theory, which posits that firms communicate observable characteristics (SR content) to signal unobservable attributes (firm capabilities and sustainability performance). By applying this framework, we analyze how SR may act as a signaling mechanism for large-cap firms and sustainability leaders.

Method: This research collects 1,844 sustainability reports from listed Singapore firms between 2016 and 2022. Using a combination of Structural Topic Modeling (STM) and Random Forest (RF) classification models, we extracted and analyzed the key SR signals that differentiate firms by size and sustainability performance.

Results: The results indicate that SR signals such as community engagement, climate risk, and compliance are effective in distinguishing between large firms and firms with strong sustainability performance. The Random Forest models achieved high accuracy in identifying these groups. Community engagement, compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), and sustainable construction were among the most impactful topics, with large firms focusing more on scope and governance, while sustainability leaders emphasized environmental risks and compliance.

Research Implications: The findings provide insights into the practical and theoretical implications of SR as a signaling tool. Key SR topics are identified as critical signals for firms with large capitalization and high sustainability performance, guiding firms in utilizing SR in the context of SDGs.

Originality/Value: The findings show that SR topics such as community engagement, climate risk, and compliance serve as key signals for differentiating firms by size and sustainability performance. Firms can strategically emphasize these areas to enhance their SR practices while contributing to broader SDGs.The findings provide insights into the practical and theoretical implications of SR as a signaling tool. Key SR topics are identified as critical signals for firms with large capitalization and high sustainability performance, guiding firms in enhancing their SR strategies.
Toxic Engagement: Identifying Toxic Leadership Through Employee Engagement to Benefit the SDGs
Authors: Gandolfi Franco , Stone Seth , Gano Margaret , Nasrah Siti Khadijah Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This paper critically examines the pervasive issue of toxic leadership, focusing on its detrimental effects on both organizations and individuals. It aims to establish the direct link between toxic leadership and diminished employee engagement, underscoring the importance of addressing these challenges to drive positive organizational outcomes. By identifying and mitigating toxic leadership behaviors, organizations can not only foster healthier workplace environments but also contribute meaningfully to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 8, which emphasizes the creation of decent work and sustainable economic growth. The paper argues that toxic leadership undermines organizational stability and growth by eroding employee well-being, productivity, and morale, ultimately impeding the achievement of global goals centered on inclusivity, equality, and sustainable development.

Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework is based in the very practical reality that toxic leadership has been widely acknowledged for its damaging effects, yet there remains a deep gap in understanding how these behaviors manifest themselves in real-world settings. Drawing on the construct of employee or follower engagement, the methodology of this study highlights engagement as a critical tool for identifying and mitigating the presence of toxic leadership within organizations.

Results: The results and discussion demonstrate how to use employee engagement to understand if toxic leadership is present within an organization.

Implications: The research implications of this study underscore the urgency of implementing checks and balances in leadership to foster healthier organizational cultures concluding with insights for further research, the paper calls for continued discourse and actionable strategies to eliminate toxic leadership and promote organizational well-being. Through a comprehensive review of healthy versus toxic leadership traits, the originality and unique value of this study is the introduction of a new term, "toxic engagement."

Conclusions: A proposed framework for detecting early signs of toxic leadership by evaluating follower engagement metrics. This framework aims to offer organizations practical means to detect, recognize, and address toxic behaviors before irreversible damage occurs.
VSegNet – A Variant SegNet for Improving Segmentation Accuracy in Medical Images with Class Imbalance and Limited Data
Authors: Dheivya Iyyakutty , Kumar Gurunathan Saravana 
Published: October 2024

Deep learning methods for many medical image segmentation task encounter challenges like smaller datasets and class imbalance. This study proposes a variant SegNet (vSegNet) designed to deliver significantly accurate and reliable segmentation results on such datasets. The novelty lies in designing encoder and decoder blocks with an appropriate number of convolution layers and using the Dice score and Hausdorff distance (HD) as compound loss function in learning. This study used public datasets consisting of chest X-rays, axial CT slices, foot ulcer images, and subset of SPIDER dataset to benchmark the segmentation task of the proposed neural network model with other popular networks like U-Net, SegNet, DeepLabv3+, VGG16, MobileNetV2, and fully convolutional network (FCN). For the segmentation of lungs in chest X-rays, vertebral body in CT, augmented data for the previous case, foot ulcer dataset, and segmentation of vertebrae, intervertebral disks, and spinal canal in SPIDER dataset (MRI dataset) respectively, the proposed vSegNet performed with a Dice score of 0.96 ± 0.01, 0.90 ± 0.20, 0.95 ± 0.02, 0.86 ± 0.07, and 0.95 ± 0.01 and the HD of 14.33 ± 7.74, 8.45 ± 7.08, 7.99 ± 6.05, 29.32 ± 25.64, and 8.45 ± 2.81 with respect to the ground truth on the test dataset. These results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed model in delivering both higher segmentation accuracy and improved boundary delineation. The proposed network, vSegNet, has been demonstrated as an effective model for semantic segmentation on class-imbalanced smaller datasets, surpassing all other networks considered in this study in terms of mIoU, BF score, Dice score, HD, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score on a variety of anatomical regions and medical imaging modalities.

Received: 28 May 2024 | Revised: 30 July 2024 | Accepted: 17 October 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Openi at https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/imgs/collections/NLM-MontgomeryCXRSet.zip, https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/imgs/collections/ChinaSet_AllFiles.zip, and https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/faq#faq-tb-coll; in SpineWeb at http://spineweb.digitalimaginggroup.ca/Index.php?%20n=Main.Datasets#Dataset_4.3A_CVIP_Spinal_CT_Database; in Github at https://github.com/uwm-bigdata/wound-segmentation, and in Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/records/10159290.

Author Contribution Statement
Iyyakutty Dheivya: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Gurunathan Saravana Kumar: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.