bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: FUNKTIONELL SUBSTITUIERTE PIPERIDINE UEBER EINE HETEROCYCLOADDITION
Authors: RIJSENBRIJ P. P. M. , LOVEN R. , WIJNBERG J. B. P. A. , SPECKAMP W. N. , HUISMAN H. O. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractN‐2,2,2‐Trichloräthyliden‐p‐toluolsulfonamid (I) liefert mit den Dienen (IIa) bis (IIc) die Addukte (IIIa)‐(IIIc), die zu (Va)‐(Vc) hydriert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE SYNTH. VON URACILDERIVATEN
Authors: MEINDL H. , ACKERMANN H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion der Dimethylsulfat‐Dialkylamid‐Addukte (I) mit dem Harnstoff (II) in DMF werden die Zwischenprodukte (III) erhalten (nicht isoliert), die sich beim Erhitzen mit Na‐methylat/Methanol zu den Pyrirnidinsalzen (IV) cyclisieren; diese werden mit HCl zu den Uracilen (V) (2"l‐93% Ausbeute) hydrolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNGEN UEBER EINIGE ACENAPHTHAPHENAZINE
Authors: GUHA S. K. , BANERJI K. D. , SEN K. K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractZur Darstellung der Acenaphthaphenazine (III) werden die o‐Phenylendiamine (I) mit den Acenaphthenchinonen (II) durch Erhitzen in Eisessig kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTITUMOR‐AKTIVE STOFFE IN SCHMETTERLINGSFLUEGELN
Authors: PETTIT G. R. , HOUGHTON L. E. , ROGERS N. H. , COOMES R. M. , BERGER D. F. , REUCROFT P. R. , DAY J. F. , HARTWELL J. L. , WOOD H. B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Untersuchung der Insektengruppe Lepidoptera wurden aus den Flügeln der aus Asien stammenden Schmetterlinge Catopsilia crocale und Pieris rapae cruavora Antitumor‐aktive Stoffe extrahiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANNULENE 17. MITT. AZA(17)ANNULENE
Authors: SCHROEDER GERHARD , HEIL GUENTER , ROETTELE HERBERT , OTH JEAN F. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Cyclooctatetraens (I) mit dem Nitren (II) (aus N‐p‐Nitro‐benzolsulfonyloxy‐urethan und Triäthylamin) liefert unter anderem die Addukte (III)‐(V).
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. VON BETA‐(METHYL‐O,M‐CARBORANYL)‐ALPHA,BETA‐DIFLUORVINYL‐LITHIUM AUS BETA‐(METHYL‐O,M‐CARBORANYL)‐ALPHA,BETA‐DIFLUOR‐ALPHA‐CHLOR‐AETHYLEN
Authors: ZAKHARKIN L. I. , LEBEDEV V. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractButyllithium liefert mit β‐(Methyl‐o‐carboranyl)‐cgβ‐difluor‐a‐chloräthylen (I) die Lithium‐Verbindung (II), die in die Carbonsäure (III) übergeführt werden kann (Ausbeute 30%).
ChemInform Abstract: BLDG. SILICIUMORGANISCHER VERBINDUNGEN 45. MITT. SYNTH. VON 1,3,3,5,5,8,8‐HEPTAMETHYL‐1,3,5,8‐TETRASILA‐BICYCLO(2,2,2)OCTAN
Authors: FRITZ G. , HAEHNKE M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie beständige, kristalline Titelverbindung (II) wird durch Umsetzung des durch Spaltung des Phenylsilyl‐Derivates (Ia) mit Brom erhaltenen Bromsilyl‐Derivats (Ib) (Ausbeute 95%) mit Bromoform und Li gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐ALKYLEN‐DITHIOLO‐PHOSPHITE
Authors: NIFANT'EV E. E. , ZAVALISHINA A. I. , SOROKINA S. F. , CHERNYAK S. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeim Verseifen der Di‐alkylthio‐phosphorigsäurechloride (I) in Gegenwart von Trialkylamin erhält man nicht die erwarteten Säuren (II), sondern die Trithiophosphite (III), die vermutlich durch Disproportionierung von (II) entstanden sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND NEUARTIGE UMLAGERUNGEN BEI DER MASSENSPEKTROSKOPIE VON 10‐PHENYL‐PHENOXAPHOSPHIN UND EINIGEN SEINER DERIVATE
Authors: GRANOTH ITSHAK , LEVY JACK B. , SYMMES COURTLAND JUN. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (II) wird durch Erhitzen des Äthers (I) mit n‐Butyl‐Li in Hexan und nachfolgende Umsetzung mit Phenylphosphordichlorid dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLCYANURAT‐VERBINDUNGEN DIREKT AUS METALLSALZEN UND HARNSTOFF
Authors: TAYLOR R. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung von früher aus Cyanursäure synthetisierten Metallcyanuraten von Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, F e und Mn direkt wird aus entsprechenden Metallsalzen oder ‐oxiden mit einem Überschuß an geschmolzenem Harnstoff versucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXBLDG. MIT HYDROXYCARBONSAEUREN UND POLYALKOHOLEN IN METAVANADATLOESUNGEN
Authors: PREUSS F. , ROSENHAHN L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeim Ansäuern von Metavanadatlösungen mit Hydroxycarbonsäuren wie Schleimsäure, Mesoweinsäure, Äpfelsäure, Chinasäure und Mandelsäure bilden sich neben Dekavanadationen 1 z 1‐, 1:2‐ oder 2:1‐Komplexe des Vanadin(V) mit den Säuren, die spektrophotometrisch nachgewiesen wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBERGANGSMETALLCHALKOGENVERBINDUNGEN, TETRAPHENYLARSONIUM‐ UND TETRAPHENYLPHOSPHONIUMCHLORO‐ UND FLUOROCHROMATE(VI) UND GRAVIMETRISCHE BESTIMMUNG DES CHROMS ALS TETRAPHENYLARSONIUMCHLOROCHROMAT(VI)
Authors: DIEMANN E. , AHLBORN E. , MUELLER A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung mit dem Arsonium‐ bzw. Phosphoniumchlorid wurden aus den entsprechenden K‐Salzen die Titelverbindungen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXE VON WOLFRAM(IV) MIT TERTIAEREN PHOSPHINEN UND ARSINEN
Authors: BUTCHER A. V. , CHATT J. , LEIGH G. J. , RICHARDS P. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNach einer verbesserten Methode werden 11 Komplexe (I) und ein Tetrachlorokomplex mit dem Liganden 1,2‐Bis‐[diphenylphosphino]‐äthan durch Zugabe des Liganden zu einer Mischung aus WCl6 und Zn‐Amalgam in CH2Cl2 mit Ausbeuten zwischen 22 und 42% dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIMERES (CYCLOHEXYLIMINO‐METHOXY‐METHYL)‐GOLD(I), EIN NEUER TYP EINER ORGANOMETALL‐VERBINDUNG
Authors: MINGHETTI GIOVANNI , BONATI FLAVIO 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Verbindung (I) entsteht durch Reaktion einer Suspension von Chloro‐triphenylphosphin‐gold(I) mit methanolischer KOH und Cyclohexylisocyanid.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON TRIS‐(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIN)‐PLATIN(0) 2. MITT. DARST. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON BORTRICHLORID‐ UND TRIMETHYLALUMINIUM‐ADDUKTEN VON PLATIN(0)
Authors: DURKIN T. R. , SCHRAM E. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Tris‐[triphenylphosphin]‐platin mit BCl3 liefert den Komplex (I), während die Reaktion des Tetrakis‐[phosphin]‐Komplexes zu (I) neben dem 1:1‐Addukt aus BCl3 und dem Phosphin führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE ARBEITEN IN DER REIHE DER AROMATISCHEN ERYTHRINA‐ALKALOIDE 21. MITT. STRUKTUR DES UMLAGERTEN HYDROXYLACTAMS C18H23NO4 VOM SCHMELZPUNKT 220 GRAD
Authors: MONDON ALBERT , AUMANN GERD , OELRICH ECKHARD 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWie bereits berichtet, werden bei der Wolff‐Kishner‐Reduktion des Erythrinan‐ Derivates (Ia) u.a. zwei isomere Lactame (IIa) und in geringer Menge das Umlagerungsprodukt (III) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE 75. MITT. SYNTHETISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN NUCLEOSID‐ANTIBIOTICA 9. MITT. TOTALSYNTH. VON GOUGEROTIN
Authors: WATANABE KYOICHI A. , FALCO ELVIRA A. , FOX JACK J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Ester (Ib) der C‐Substanz (Ia) (Nucleosidanteil von Gougerotin) wird mit der Aminosäure (II) mit Triäthylamin/Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid zu (III) gekuppelt und anschließend zum Ester (IV)hydrogenolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: AUFGESTAEUBTE CADMIUMOXID‐ UND INDIUMOXID/ZINNOXID‐FILME ALS TRANSPARENTE ELEKTRODEN FUER CADMIUMSULFID
Authors: MEHTA R. R. , VOGEL S. F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Eigenschaften der durch reaktives Zerstäuben erhaltenen CdO‐ und In2O3/ SnO2‐Filme werden behandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANO‐MAGNESIUMVERBINDUNGEN BEI DER ORGANISCHEN SYNTH.
Authors: WAKEFIELD B. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNach einer Einführung in die Konstitution von Grignard‐Reagentien werden die Reaktionen von unsolvatisierten, normal solvatisierten und stark solvatisierten Organo‐Magnesiumverbindungen beschrieben.
Effect of temperature Ramp on hydrocarbon desorption profiles from zeolite ZSM‐12
Authors: Daldoul Insaf , Auger Serge , Picard Pierre , Nohair Bendaoud , Kaliaguine Serge 
Published: February 2016

AbstractZeolite ZSM‐12 with different Si:Al molar ratios and one‐dimensional channels with 12 oxygen ring apertures (12R) was synthesized and characterized by different techniques such as: X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area (BET), elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of adsorbed pyridine, and NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD). The synthesized samples were tested as hydrocarbon (HC) trap adsorbents using toluene and ethylene as heavy and light probe molecules for HCs in the exhaust stream at engine cold‐start. High heating rate desorption experiments were performed using the Phytronix Laser Diode Thermal Desorption system (S‐960 LDTD) coupled with an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) chamber (Phytronix Technologies, Canada) after adsorption of toluene‐ethylene mixtures. Three heating rates, which reflect the actual heating rates of the catalytic muffler, were used for the desorption process: 3 °C/s, 5 °C/s, and 9 °C/s. For all solids considered in this study, the two HCs desorbed above 240 °C, which is the light‐off temperature of the three‐way catalyst. Ag‐ZSM‐12 with different Si:Al ratios was found the most appropriate HC trapping adsorbent in spite of its slightly lower adsorption capacity. A high desorption temperature for ethylene and toluene was associated with the large density of strong Lewis acid sites in this solid.
International Sentiment Spillovers in Equity Returns
Authors: Bathia Deven , Bredin Don , Nitzsche Dirk 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the extent of spillovers from US investor sentiment on G7 aggregate market, value and growth stock returns. As a proxy for investor sentiment, we include individual investor survey, measured by the University of Michigan consumer confidence index and market sentiment measured by Baker and Wurgler composite sentiment index. Using monthly data for the period January 1991 to December 2013, our results indicate the presence of significant spillover effects of US investor sentiment on G7 stock returns. Our findings from generalized impulse response functions show that aggregate market and growth stocks of all non‐US G7 countries are significantly affected by the propagation of the US market sentiment. The financial crisis of 2007 has played a significant role in affecting value stock returns in these countries. Our findings further reveal that both the rational and irrational components of the US individual investor sentiment do not play any significant role in affecting international stock returns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifunctional polyelectrolyte microcapsules as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging in blood
Authors: Yashchenok Alexey M. , Jose Jithin , Trochet Philippe , Sukhorukov Gleb B. , Gorin Dmitry A. 
Published: February 2016

The polyelectrolyte microcapsules that can be accurate either visualized in biological media or in tissue would enhance their further in vivo application both as a carrier of active payloads and as a specific sensor. The immobilization of active species, for instance fluorescent dyes, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, in polymeric shell enables visualization of capsules by optical imaging techniques in aqueous solution. However, for visualization of capsules in complex media an instrument with high contrast modality requires. Herein, we show for the first time photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of multifunctional microcapsules in water and in blood. The microcapsules exhibit greater photoacoustic intensity compare to microparticles with the same composition of polymeric shell presumably their higher thermal expansion. Photoacoustic intensity form microcapsules dispersed in blood displays an enhancement (2‐fold) of signal compare to blood. Photoacoustic imaging of microcapsules might contribute to non‐invasive carrier visualization and further their in vivo distribution.
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Honeycomb porous films as permeable scaffold materials for human embryonic stem cell‐derived retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Calejo Maria Teresa , Ilmarinen Tanja , Jongprasitkul Hatai , Skottman Heli , Kellomäki Minna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries, characterised by the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a pigmented cell monolayer that closely interacts with the photoreceptors. RPE transplantation is thus considered a very promising therapeutic option to treat this disease. In this work, porous honeycomb‐like films are for the first time investigated as scaffold materials for human embryonic stem cell‐derived retinal pigment epithelium (hESC‐RPE). By changing the conditions during film preparation, it was possible to produce films with homogeneous pore distribution and adequate pore size (∼3–5 µm), that is large enough to ensure high permeability but small enough to enable cell adherence and spreading. A brief dip‐coating procedure with collagen type IV enabled the homogeneous adsorption of the protein to the walls and bottom of pores, increasing the hydrophilicity of the surface. hESC‐RPE adhered and proliferated on all the collagen‐coated materials, regardless of small differences in pore size. The differentiation of hESC‐RPE was confirmed by the detection of specific RPE protein markers. These results suggest that the porous honeycomb films can be promising candidates for hESC‐RPE tissue engineering, importantly enabling the free flow of ions and molecules across the material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1646–1656, 2016.
Human casein alpha s1 induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in monocytic cells by TLR4 signaling
Authors: Vordenbäumen Stefan , Saenger Thorsten , Braukmann Achim , Tahan Tamara , Bleck Ellen , Jose Joachim , Schneider Matthias 
Published: February 2016

ScopeHuman casein alpha S1 (CSN1S1) is a milk‐derived protein, which gives rise to sustained antibody formation after breast feeding in infancy and induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. So far, the cellular CSN1S1 receptor is unrecognized. Our objective was to identify the receptor employed by CSN1S1 to induce proinflammatory effects.Methods and resultsCSN1S1 concentration and time dependently induced expression of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and IL‐6 in monocytic cells despite addition of polymyxin B, which completely abrogated LPS effects. Coincubation of monocytic cells with a neutralizing antibody to Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) but not to TLR2 inhibited CSN1S1‐induced effects. In TLR4/MD2/CD14‐cotransfected HEK293 cells CSN1S1 increased IL‐8 expression, while untransfected cells were completely unresponsive. Furthermore, CSN1S1‐induced IL1‐β secretion was impeded by inhibition of MyD88 and caspase‐1. Flow cytometric in vitro assays confirmed binding of CSN1S1 to TLR4. Phosphorylation of CSN1S1 by casein‐kinase 2 completely abolished proinflammatory cytokine induction and binding to TLR4.ConclusionCSN1S1 is a multifunctional milk protein that exerts proinflammatory properties via TLR4 and the inflammasome pathway in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner. The contribution of CSN1S1 in mother milk to the development of a potent immune system in breastfed individuals should be further assessed.
External Validation of Risk Stratification Models Predicting the Immediate Mortality After Open Repair of Ruptured AAA
Authors: Majd Payman , Mylonas Spyridon , Gawenda Michael , Brunkwall Jan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative risk stratification of the immediate postoperative death after surgery may be helpful for the decision‐making for patients with ruptured AAAs (rAAs). The purpose of this study was to apply and validate the Glasgow aneurysm score (GAS) and the Hardman Index (HI) in predicting 30‐day/in‐hospital mortality in open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular repair (rEVAR) of rAAAs.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of a prospectively created database including all patients with a rAAA referred to our Institution between August 1998 and December 2014. Primary outcome was 30‐day/in‐hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. The receiver–operator characteristic curve was used to determine the value of the HI and GAS in predicting 30‐day/in‐hospital death.Results
A total of 150 patients (130 patients received OSR, 20 patients rEVAR) were included in our analysis. The 30‐day/in‐hospital mortality was 34.0 % for the entire cohort: 36.15 % for OSR group and 20.0 % for rEVAR group (p 0.210). A multivariate analysis in the OSR group evidenced that unconsciousness was a statistically significant [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 8.00] predictor of 30‐day/in‐hospital mortality. The mean GAS was 86.9 ± 16.1 for the OSR group and 88.1 ± 11.2 for the rEVAR group (p 0.773). The AUC for GAS was 0.805 among OSR patients and 0.975 among rEVAR patients. The mean HI in the OSR group was 1.11 ± 1.0 and the AUC for HI was 0.82.ConclusionsSurgical repair of rAAAs is still associated with a considerable mortality rate. We confirmed the great discriminative ability of GAS in patients with rAAAs treated with OSR. With regard to HI, this scoring system could accurately predict early mortality after OSR in our cohort but failed to identify patients at highest risk for postoperative mortality.
Insulin‐Treated Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Emergency Abdominal Surgery Have Worse Outcomes than Patients Treated with Oral Agents
Authors: Haltmeier Tobias , Benjamin Elizabeth , Beale Elizabeth , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for worse outcomes after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS). However, it is unclear if the type of diabetes treatment (insulin or oral agents) has any effect on outcomes after EAS.MethodsMatched cohort study utilizing the ACS NSQIP database. Patients with DM undergoing EAS were divided into insulin and oral agent treatment groups. A 1:1 cohort matching of insulin‐treated and oral agent‐treated patients was performed (matched for sex, age, ASA score, BMI category, operative procedure, and preoperative acute renal failure, pneumonia, SIRS, sepsis, septic shock, and corticosteroid use). Outcomes of matched insulin‐ and oral agent‐treated patients were compared with univariable and multivariable regression analysis.ResultsA total of 7401 patients with DM underwent EAS, 3182 (43 %) of which were insulin treated and 4219 (57 %) were treated with oral agents. Matching resulted in 2280 matched cases, which formed the basis of this analysis. Insulin‐treated patients were more likely to have postoperative complications (OR 1.279, CI 1.119–1.462), had a higher 30‐day mortality rate in patients with sepsis at hospital admission (OR 3.421, CI 1.959–5.974), and a longer total hospital length of stay (RC 1.115, CI 1.065–1.168) and postoperative LOS (RC 1.082, CI 1.031–1.135).ConclusionsIn patients with DM undergoing emergency abdominal surgery, insulin‐treated patients have worse outcomes than oral agent‐treated patients. Insulin‐treated patients with DM therefore should be monitored and treated more intensively in anticipation of potential complications after emergency abdominal surgery.
Management of Tracheo‐ or Bronchoesophageal Fistula After Ivor‐Lewis Esophagectomy
Authors: Lambertz R. , Hölscher A. H. , Bludau M. , Leers J. M. , Gutschow C. , Schröder W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe development of tracheo‐ or bronchoesophageal fistula (TBF) after Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy remains to be a rare complication associated with a high mortality rate.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the charts of patients with TBF after esophagectomy were analyzed in terms of individual patient characteristics, esophagotracheal complications, respiratory function, management, and outcome.ResultsBetween January 2000 and December 2014, 1204 patients underwent Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer; 13 patients (1.1 %) developed a TBF. In all 13 patients, a concomitant leakage of the intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy was evident, either prior to diagnosis of TBF (metachronous TBF) or simultaneously (synchronous TBF). TBF was predominantly located in the left main bronchus (n = 6, 46.1 %) or trachea (n = 5, 38.5 %). Management of TBF included re‐thoracotomy (n = 7), interventional endoscopic (n = 10) or bronchoscopic therapy (n = 4). In the majority of patients (n = 8), management consisted of two subsequent treatment modalities. In 3 out of four patients, TBF was successfully treated by endoscopic stenting only. Five patients (38.5 %) died following a septic course with multiple organ failure.ConclusionsThe development of TBF after Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy is always combined with anastomotic leakage of the esophagogastrostomy. Treatment options primarily depend on the vascularization of the gastric conduit, the severity of the concomitant aspiration pneumonia, and the volume of the air leakage.
Social‐cognitive functioning and social skills in patients with early treated phenylketonuria: a PKU‐COBESO study
Authors: Jahja Rianne , van Spronsen Francjan J. , de Sonneville Leo M. J. , van der Meere Jaap J. , Bosch Annet M. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. , Hofstede Floris C. , de Vries Maaike C. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Langendonk Janneke G. , Huijbregts Stephan C. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveEarly treatment of phenylketonuria (ET‐PKU) prevents mental retardation, but many patients still show cognitive and mood problems. In this study, it was investigated whether ET‐PKU‐patients have specific phenylalanine (Phe‐)related problems with respect to social‐cognitive functioning and social skills.MethodsNinety five PKU‐patients (mean age 21.6 ± 10.2 years) and 95 healthy controls (mean age 19.6 ± 8.7 years) were compared on performance of computerized and paper‐and‐pencil tasks measuring social‐cognitive abilities and on parent‐ and self‐reported social skills, using multivariate analyses of variance, and controlling for general cognitive ability (IQ‐estimate). Further comparisons were made between patients using tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, N = 30) and patients not using BH4. Associations with Phe‐levels on the day of testing, during childhood, during adolescence and throughout life were examined.ResultsPKU‐patients showed poorer social‐cognitive functioning and reportedly had poorer social skills than controls (regardless of general cognitive abilities). Quality of social‐cognitive functioning was negatively related to recent Phe‐levels and Phe‐levels between 8 and 12 years for adolescents with PKU. Quality of social skills was negatively related to lifetime phenylalanine levels in adult patients, and specifically to Phe‐levels between 0 and 7, and between 8 and 12 years. There were no differences with respect to social outcome measures between the BH4 and non‐BH4 groups.ConclusionPKU‐patients have Phe‐related difficulties with social‐cognitive functioning and social skills. Problems seem to be more evident among adolescents and adults with PKU. High Phe‐levels during childhood and early adolescence seem to be of greater influence than current and recent Phe‐levels for these patients.