bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big pure projective modules over commutative noetherian rings: Comparison with the completion
Authors: Herbera Dolors , Příhoda Pavel , Wiegand Roger 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A module over a ring R is pure projective provided it is isomorphic to a direct summand of a direct sum of finitely presented modules. We develop tools for the classification of pure projective modules over commutative noetherian rings. In particular, for a fixed finitely presented module M, we consider

Add
⁡

(
M
)

{\operatorname{Add}(M)}

, which consists of direct summands of direct sums of copies of M. We are primarily interested in the case where R is a one-dimensional, local domain, and in torsion-free (or Cohen–Macaulay) modules. We show that, even in this case,

Add
⁡

(
M
)

{\operatorname{Add}(M)}

can have an abundance of modules that are not direct sums of finitely generated ones.
Our work is based on the fact that such infinitely generated direct summands are all determined by finitely generated data. Namely, idempotent/trace ideals of the endomorphism ring of M and finitely generated projective modules modulo such idempotent ideals. This allows us to extend the classical theory developed to study the behaviour of direct sum decomposition of finitely generated modules comparing with their completion to the infinitely generated case.
We study the structure of the monoid

V
*

⁢

(
M
)

{V^{*}(M)}

, of isomorphism classes of countably generated modules in

Add
⁡

(
M
)

{\operatorname{Add}(M)}

with the addition induced by the direct sum. We show that

V
*

⁢

(
M
)

{V^{*}(M)}

is a submonoid of

V
*

⁢

(

M

⊗
R

R
^

)

{V^{*}(M\otimes_{R}\widehat{R})}

, this allows us to make computations with examples and to prove some realization results.
Is addition definable from multiplication and successor?
Authors: Wehrung Friedrich 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A map

f
:

R
→
S

{f\colon R\to S}

between (associative, unital, but not necessarily commutative) rings is a brachymorphism if

f
⁢

(

1
+
x

)

=

1
+

f
⁢

(
x
)

{f(1+x)=1+f(x)}

and

f
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

=

f
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
f
⁢

(
y
)

{f(xy)=f(x)f(y)}

whenever

x
,
y

∈
R

{x,y\in R}

.
We tackle the problem whether every brachymorphism is additive (i.e.,

f
⁢

(

x
+
y

)

=

f
⁢

(
x
)

+

f
⁢

(
y
)

{f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)}

), showing that in many contexts, including the following, the answer is positive:

•

R is finite (or, more generally, R is left or right Artinian);

•

R is any ring of

2
×
2

{2\times 2}

matrices over a commutative ring;

•

R is Engelian;

•
every element of R is a sum of π-regular and central elements (this applies to π-regular rings, Banach algebras, and power series rings);

•

R is the full matrix ring of order greater than 1 over any ring;

•

R is the monoid ring

K
⁢

[
M
]

{K[M]}

for a commutative ring K and a π-regular monoid M;

•

R is the Weyl algebra

𝖠
1

⁢

(
K
)

{\mathsf{A}_{1}(K)}

over a commutative ring K with positive characteristic;

•

f is the power function

x
↦

x
n

{x\mapsto x^{n}}

over any ring;

•

f is the determinant function over any ring R of

n
×
n

{n\times n}

matrices, with

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

, over a commutative ring, such that if

n
>
3

{n>3}

, then R contains n scalar matrices with non zero divisor differences.
Analysis of the intensity of erosive processes and state of vegetation cover in the zone of influence of the Kolubara Mining Basin
Authors: Živanović Milica , Milanović Miško M. , Trivić Branislav , Đurđić Snežana , Milinčić Miroljub , Tomić Milisav , Grozdanić Goran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ensuring the quality protection of geospatial elements entails environmental control, a task unattainable without precise measurement results. This article aims to conduct a spatio-temporal analysis of soil degradation and vegetation status within the influence zone of the Kolubara Mining Basin in Serbia. Remote sensing is employed to assess vulnerability to erosion using the erosion potential method. A geographic information system environment is utilized to generate an erosion map, illustrating erosive processes across different time periods, particularly comparing the present situation (2022) to 1983. Results indicate that observed areas are experiencing erosion due to changes in land use. Furthermore, this study investigates the use of the normalized difference vegetation index to monitor vegetation cover changes from 1992 to 2022. The objective is to demonstrate that these methods effectively depict degradation levels and vegetation status in the area. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the changes occurring across the analyzed years. Such insights are crucial for informing future efforts to restore the region to its natural state prior to lignite mining.
On a nonlinear general eigenvalue problem in Musielak–Orlicz spaces
Authors: Kassimi Soufiane , Sabiki Hajar , Moussa Hicham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we concern the existence result of the following general eigenvalue problem:

{

𝒜
⁢

(
u
)

=

λ
⁢
ℬ
⁢

(
u
)

in
⁢
Ω

,

D
α

⁢

(
u
)

=
0

on
⁢

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}\mathcal{A}(u)&\displaystyle={\lambda}%
\mathcal{B}(u)&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }{\Omega},\\
\displaystyle D^{\alpha}(u)&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }%
{\partial\Omega},\end{aligned}\right.

in an arbitrary Musielak–Orlicz spaces, where

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

and

ℬ

{\mathcal{B}}

are quasilinear operators in divergence form of order

2
⁢
n

{2n}

and

2
⁢

(

n
-
1

)

{2(n-1)}

, respectively. The main assumptions in this case are that

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

and

ℬ

{\mathcal{B}}

are potential operators with

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

being elliptic and monotone. In this study, we intentionally avoid imposing constraints on the growth of a generalized N-function, including the

Δ
2

{\Delta_{2}}

-condition for both the generalized N-function and its conjugate. Consequently, this necessitates the formulation of the approximation theorem and the extensive utilization of modular convergence concepts.
Wood density and chemical composition variation of Eucalyptus urophylla clone in different environments
Authors: Bento dos Santos Vaniele , Vieira Rocha Maria Fernanda , Rodrigues Guimarães João Filipi , Soares Oliveira Leonardo Sarno , Felix de Almeida Maria Naruna , Marques Cirilo Nauan Ribeiro , Castor Neto Thayanne Caroline , Macedo Ladeira Carvalho Ana Márcia , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Variability in Eucalyptus wood density and chemical properties is crucial to understanding important factors for the forest-based industry, such as sampling methods and wood suitability as raw material. This study aimed to evaluate the basic density and chemical composition of the radial positions of young wood from the Eucalyptus urophylla clone grown under different precipitation levels. Trees from E. urophylla clonal plantations were collected in Inhambupe, Jandaíra and Itanagra, Bahia State, Brazil. Trees’ basic density and chemical composition (total extractive, lignin, hemicelluloses and α-cellulose) were determined based on the basal log of each tree, at four radial positions (1, 2, 3 and 4). It was found that the basic density and α-cellulose of wood are influenced by the cambial age and the site rainfall. There was greater increase in sections close to the bark (positions 1 and 4) and in more humid environments (sites Itanagra and Jandaríra). This finding highlights the association between wood basic density and chemical composition, mainly in the holocellulose content.
Structural and electrochromic property control of WO3 films through fine-tuning of film-forming parameters
Authors: Lin Gai , Li Xiaobo , Liu Dexi , Jiao Zibao , Liu Peijiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) films, extensively investigated for their remarkable electrochromic properties, have proven to be highly versatile in numerous applications. However, the challenge of achieving large-scale WO3 films with substantial dimensions and volumes remains a critical obstacle for industrial-scale production. Among the available techniques, magnetron sputtering stands out as the most efficient and straightforward method for the industrial preparation of WO3 films. In this comprehensive study, we meticulously explored the impact of various process parameters in magnetron sputtering on the film formation properties. By employing a controlled variable approach, we systematically investigated the influence of gas flow (Ar), sputtering pressure, power, and time. Our meticulous observations revealed that each parameter exerted distinct effects on the intricate film formation process. Careful analysis of the final dataset unequivocally demonstrated that when the sputtering conditions were meticulously optimized, the resulting films exhibited an extraordinary maximum transmittance change of 85% at a specific wavelength of 0.6 μm. Furthermore, these films showcased rapid coloring and bleaching response times, clocking in at an impressive 15 and 20 s, respectively, without any significant degradation even after undergoing 5,000 cycles. These groundbreaking findings provide invaluable insights into the intricate film formation process associated with magnetron-sputtered WO3.
Ozone processing of milk and milk products: a review of applications, quality effect and implementation challenges
Authors: Vashisht Pranav , Verma Digvijay , Singh Lovepreet , Saini Gursharn Singh , Sharma Sonali , Charles Anto Pradeep Raja , Mahanta Shikhadri , Mahanta Snehadri , Singh Khushi , Gaurav Gaurav , Kaur Jaspreet 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The impact on the natural characteristics of dairy products during thermal processing warrants the investigation of non-thermal techniques. Ozone has proved to be an effective and sustainable processing technology for the dairy processing sector. This review delves into the effect of ozone processing on the microbiological, physiochemical, nutri-functional, and sensory quality of milk and milk products. Alongside this, the other ozone applications in the dairy processing sector (storage room disinfection, wastewater treatment, benefits in Clean-in-Place (CIP) system, toxin reduction) have been discussed. Current regulatory and industrial status, and safety requirements in the facility have also been highlighted. Overall, ozone treatment has lower microbial inactivation efficiency in milk and milk products than thermal treatment. Further, safety precautions are needed in the processing areas due to its potential health hazard concerns.
Assessment on the influence of FDM process parameters on the mechanical properties of PLA samples
Authors: Kumar Madheswaran Sangeeth , Venkatesh Raja K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The manufacturing of functional parts from the fused deposition modeling 3D printer is limited due to poor mechanical properties, low surface finish, and huge production time. During 3D printing of prototypes, the time consumption of printing and mechanical properties of the model is directly proportional. The fused deposition modeling process parameters significantly impact the quality of printed parts. The prime objective of this research is to optimize the process parameters of a 3D printing machine (wall thickness, infill percentage, infill pattern, and infill speed) using polylactic acid material to enhance the mechanical properties with less printing time of the 3D printing model. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the 3D printed samples are used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the various slicing process parameters as per the standards. From the results, it is evident that the mechanical properties of the 3D printed materials increased significantly. The magnitude of ultimate tensile strength is reported as 39.972 MPa with a printing time of 28 min. From close observation, it is evident that lower infill speeds with gyroid infill pattern produce the highest ultimate tensile strength of all combinations. Also, optimal results are derived at higher wall thickness and higher infill percentage. In addition to that, finite element analysis was carried out for different infill percentages of the specimen to validate the actual result.
Association between partial remission phase in type 1 diabetes and vitamin D receptor Fok1 rs2228570 polymorphism
Authors: Masoud Randa Mahmoud , Abdel-Kader Nour Mohamed , Abdel-Ghaffar Abdel-Rahman B. , Moselhy Said Salama , Elhenawy Yasmine Ibrahim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the current study was to assess the natural course of partial remission (PR) phase of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to highlight the putative association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) (Fok1) gene polymorphism and PR phase.

Methods
Ninety participants with newly diagnosed T1D were followed up for a total of 12 months. The VDR (Fok1) rs2228570 gene polymorphism was genotyped using allelic discrimination (AD) assay.

Results
Fifty-four patients (60 %) reached PR with an average duration of 5.63 ± 2.9 months. Among remitters, the frequency of CC “FF” genotype and allelic frequency of C “F” were significantly higher (p<0.001). Furthermore, participants expressing “CC” genotype had earlier onset of PR and spent a significantly longer duration in remission (p<0.001). Younger age (p<0.001; OR 41.6; CI 12.12–142.99), absence of DKA (p<0.001; OR 16, CI 4.36–50.74), higher C-peptide levels (p<0.001; OR 19.55; CI 6.52–58.63), and presence of CC “FF” genotype of VDR (p<0.001; OR 6.74; CI 2.41–18.86) best predicted the overall occurrence of PR.

Conclusions
Younger age, less extent of metabolic derangements, and expression of a CC “FF” genotype were found to influence the occurrence of PR. Data from the current study showed that the “C” allele could have a protective role on preserving residual β-cell mass and could predict both onset and duration of PR among newly diagnosed T1D. These findings support the growing concept of future tailored precision medicine.
The moving project: exploring language, migration, and identity using participatory podcasting during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Durkacz Ryan Sadie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
I make Accentricity, a podcast exploring language and identity. After releasing series 1 in 2019, I began to plan ways to take a more participatory approach to the creation of a second series, involving contributors in the production process as co-creators. The result was The Moving Project: a podcasting course and mentorship programme designed to help people tell personal stories about language, migration, and identity. Over a period of six months, the participants developed their audio-recording, editing, and digital storytelling skills. Together we created a podcast series which tells diverse and complex stories about migration, language, and identity, from a range of different geographical, social, and historical contexts. Like the first series of Accentricity, The Moving Project provides information about language to a public audience in an accessible format. However, it goes much further than the first series in centring non-academic perspectives and in developing participatory and inclusive methods for knowledge co-production.
Exploring neuroglial signaling: diversity of molecules implicated in microglia-to-astrocyte neuroimmune communication
Authors: Mohammad Zainab B. , Yudin Samantha C. Y. , Goldberg Benjamin J. , Serra Kursti L. , Klegeris Andis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Effective communication between different cell types is essential for brain health, and dysregulation of this process leads to neuropathologies. Brain glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, orchestrate immune defense and neuroimmune responses under pathological conditions during which interglial communication is indispensable. Our appreciation of the complexity of these processes is rapidly increasing due to recent advances in molecular biology techniques, which have identified numerous phenotypic states of both microglia and astrocytes. This review focuses on microglia-to-astrocyte communication facilitated by secreted neuroimmune modulators. The combinations of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), plus complement component C1q as well as IL-1β plus TNF are already well-established microglia-derived stimuli that induce reactive phenotypes in astrocytes. However, given the large number of inflammatory mediators secreted by microglia and the rapidly increasing number of distinct functional states recognized in astrocytes, it can be hypothesized that many more intercellular signaling molecules exist. This review identifies the following group of cytokines and gliotransmitters that, while not established as interglial mediators yet, are known to be released by microglia and elicit functional responses in astrocytes: IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interferon (IFN)-γ, C–C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), l-glutamate, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The review of molecular mechanisms engaged by these mediators reveals complex, partially overlapping signaling pathways implicated in numerous neuropathologies. Additionally, lack of human-specific studies is identified as a significant knowledge gap. Further research on microglia-to-astrocyte communication is warranted, as it could discover novel interglial signaling-targeted therapies for diverse neurological disorders.
Impact of Real-life Environmental Exposures on Reproduction: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, reproductive aging, and menopause
Authors: Inman Zane Cutright , Flaws Jodi A 
Published: September 2024

In brief
This review article highlights the associations between endocrine-disrupting chemicals, reproductive aging, and menopause. Collectively, the current literature indicates that phthalates, bisphenols, parabens, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and pesticides are associated with reproductive aging in women and animal models.

Abstract
Menopause marks the end of a woman’s reproductive lifetime and can have a significant effect on a woman’s quality of life. Menopause naturally occurs at 51 years of age on average, but recent literature suggests that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our environment can accelerate reproductive aging, causing women to reach menopause at earlier ages. This is concerning as menopause can significantly alter a woman’s quality of life and is associated with increased risks of conditions such as depression, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. EDC exposures have also been associated with more intense menopausal symptoms, making the menopausal transition more difficult for some women. This review highlights the associations between EDC exposure, early menopause, and reproductive aging, using both epidemiological and experimental studies.
Astragaloside IV suppresses the proliferation and inflammatory response of human epidermal keratinocytes and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin damage in mice
Authors: Liu Ting , Ai Lin , Jiang Aibo , Wang Yujuan , Jiang Ruimin , Liu Liang 
Published: September 2024

The primary pathological features of psoriasis include excessive epidermal keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells, which are pivotal targets for psoriasis therapy. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the principal active compound of astragalus, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory properties. This study aims to investigate AS-IV’s anti--psoriatic effects and underlying mechanisms. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with a combination of TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1α, IL-22, and oncostatin M (M5) to replicate psoriatic keratinocyte pathology in vitro. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK8 and EDU staining. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured via qRT-PCR. In addition, an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was utilized. Skin histology changes were evaluated with HE staining, while IL-6 and TNF-α levels in mouse serum were quantified using ELISA. NF-κB pathway protein expression was analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that AS-IV inhibited M5-induced proliferation of NHEKs. AS-IV reduced M5-stimulated IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-23, and MCP-1 expression in NHEKs. Moreover, M5-induced phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 was significantly attenuated by AS-IV. Furthermore, AS-IV application ameliorated erythema, scale formation, and epidermal thickening in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse models. AS-IV also decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in mouse serum and inhibited IκBα and p65 phosphorylation in skin tissues. However, prostratin treatment reversed these effects. These findings underscore AS-IV’s capacity to mitigate M5-induced NHEK proliferation and inflammation. AS-IV shows promise in alleviating IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions and inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway.
Unraveling wasp sensitization in a patient with systemic mastocytosis by CAP-inhibition assay
Authors: Valero Helena , Luengo Olga , Cardona Victoria , Pereira Javier , Labrador-Horrillo Moises 
Published: September 2024

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a clonal mast cell disorder that can lead to potentially severe anaphylactic reactions. Hymenoptera sting is one of the most frequent triggers of anaphylaxis in these patients, and diagnosis of indolent SM (ISM) without skin involvement (ISMs) is not rare. In this subgroup of patients, venom immunotherapy (VIT) is an effective treatment decreasing subsequent systemic reactions, and lifelong administration is recommended. An individualized diagnosis is necessary to offer the most adequate VIT, and molecular diagnosis (MD) may be useful to discriminate between primary sensitization and cross-reactivity. Nevertheless, other techniques such as ImmunoCAP inhibition assays may be necessary to identify the genuine sensitization to offer the most suitable VIT. We present a male patient with an anaphylactic reaction following several wasp stings. The patient was diagnosed with ISM, and allergy to both Polistes dominula and Vespula sp venom was confirmed. In this scenario, MD did not discriminate between a genuine double sensitization and venom cross-reactivity between both vespids. Thus, CAP-inhibition assay was performed. This case indicated the importance of an accurate diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). It also highlights the usefulness of CAP-inhibition assays when MD fails to distinguish between genuine double Polistes-Vespula sensitization and cross-reactivity.