bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleft palate surgical perspectives: A pilot study
Authors: DeWitt Danielle , Nobriga Christina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
The current pilot study aimed to collect craniofacial surgeon’s personal perspectives regarding the timing of cleft palate surgical repair, medical considerations for surgical repair (i.e., age, weight, type of cleft, and potential for surgical complications), and social considerations (i.e., speech–language development, socioeconomic status, and familial support).

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen plastic surgeons currently practicing cleft palate repair participated in this study. Surveys were distributed electronically to team coordinators of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association-accredited craniofacial teams and included a combination of Likert scales, closed multiple-choice questions, and open-ended qualitative questions for free-text responses.

Results:
Preliminary data obtained in this study suggest that the most common age range for palate repair in nonmedically complex infants is 10–11 months of age (n = 10). Notably, 20% of respondents (n = 3) reported a typical surgical repair time of 7–9 months of age. While medical and social priorities differed, all surgeons rated speech–language development as an important factor when determining the timing of surgical intervention.

Conclusion:
Given the limited consensus on surgical timing and intervention for children with cleft palate, further research is needed to determine the optimal timing of palate repair that considers both medical safety and near age-appropriate speech sound acquisition and production.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Pain among Beauty Service Employees: An Observational Survey
Authors: Lodhi Kriti , Ahmad Gulfam , Sharma Jyoti , Sidiq Mohammad , Chahal Aksh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose:
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) include a variety of inflammatory illnesses and injuries that cause musculoskeletal pain as a result of work. Beauty service workers, including beauticians, cosmetologists, hairdressers, and hairstylists, are more prone to musculoskeletal pain due to repetitive movements and poor ergonomics. This observational study was designed to better understand WMSDs in beauty service employees.

Materials and Methods:
Demographic data, including age, gender, and work experience, were collected, and the Nordic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) was employed to record musculoskeletal pain, and the capacity to perform routine activities during the past 7 days and 12 months. These data were collected offline (door-to-door). Approximately, 400 questionnaires were administered, however, only 345 (86.25%) were fully completed. The data obtained from participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distributions. Furthermore, the Chi-square test was utilized to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and musculoskeletal pain.

Results:
The results revealed that almost all of the beauty service workers experienced lower back stiffness that negatively impacted their job performance. Following low back pain, knee pain (76.5%), neck discomfort (70.1%), upper back pain (60.3%), shoulder pain (50.7%), and wrist pain (40.6%) were found to be the most prevalent. A significant correlation was found between musculoskeletal pain and age (χ2 = 204.643; P < 0.000), gender (χ2 = 9.417; P < 0.02), and work experience (χ2 = 38.333; P < 0.000). According to the NPQ, during the past 7 days, the most significant discomfort was reported in the elbows (χ2 = 259.133; P < 0.000), and ankles and feet (χ2 = 225.626; P < 0.000). Whereas, in the past 12 months, the most severe pain was reported in hips/thighs (χ2 = 222.403; P < 0.000) and ankles/feet (χ2 = 222.403; P < 0.000). Pain in the lower back was the most common reason reported by workers for the inability to carry out work-related activities during the previous 12 months.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that a large percentage of beauty service professionals are prone to WMSDs, which consequently has a significant impact on their ability to carry out their work. Low back pain, followed by knee pain, was the most prevalent WMSD among beauty professionals.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate Deficiency among Apparently Healthy Children Aged 6–24 Months in a Semi-urban Community in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Grace Ajayi Fisayo , Olubunmi Adekoya Adesola , Adetutu Ogunlesi Tinuade , Kweku Renner James , Olubisi Abolurin Olufunmilola , Daniel Obaya Fisayo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Adequate levels of calcium, phosphate and Vitamin D are essential for bone physiology and growth, as well as preventing some common childhood illnesses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the deficiencies of these nutrients and factors affecting their serum levels in Nigerian children.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study that involved 220 apparently healthy children aged 6–24 months in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Serum calcium and phosphate were assayed using the calorimetric method, while Vitamin D (25-OH Vitamin D) was assayed with ELISA.

Results:
The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) serum Vitamin D level was 55.07 ± 16.53 ng/ml, while the mean (±SD) serum calcium and phosphate were 2.27 ± 0.13 mmol/l and 1.28 ± 0.18 mmol/l, respectively. Eleven (5%) of the children had hypovitaminosis D, 23 (10.5%) had hypocalcaemia and 12 (5.5%) had hypophosphataemia. Factors found to be significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D included low consumption of milk and the use of a hijab veil, while malnutrition (both undernutrition and overnutrition) was significantly associated with hypocalcaemia.

Conclusion:
The prevalence levels of hypovitaminosis D and hypophosphataemia were low, while hypocalcaemia was more common. Low milk consumption and use of a hijab veil were risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, while malnutrition was a risk factor for hypocalcaemia. Malnourished children, especially overnourished ones, should be routinely screened for hypocalcaemia because of its high prevalence among them.
Exploring the Effect of Exercise versus Metformin on Insulin Resistance amongst Nigerians with Pre-diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Tambuwal Umar Musa , Ahmad Sabir Anas , Hayatu Umar , Sadiq Maiyaki Abubakar , Kolawale Jimoh Ahmed , Bello Sada Kabiru , Umar Abdullahi Faruk 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Pre-diabetes is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and is common in Nigeria. Effective intervention can reverse the underlying pathogenesis of insulin resistance in pre-diabetes. This study aimed to determine and compare the impact of moderate exercise and metformin interventions on insulin resistance among participants with pre-diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
Using a randomised placebo-controlled design, 54 Nigerians with pre-diabetes were selected using simple random sampling. They were offered metformin, moderate exercise or placebo treatment and followed up for 12 weeks. Insulin resistance was assessed before and after the interventions and the outcome was compared.

Results:
Forty-nine participants with pre-diabetes completed the study. Participants in both the exercise and metformin groups had significantly decreased insulin resistance compared to placebo after 12 weeks of intervention. However, there was a decrease in insulin resistance by 77.3% (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and an increase in insulin sensitivity by 81.2% (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI]) in the exercise group. In comparison, participants in the metformin group had a decrease in insulin resistance by 66.3% (HOMA-IR) and an increase in insulin sensitivity by 76.2% (QUICKI).

Conclusion:
Amongst Nigerians with pre-diabetes, both moderate exercise and metformin have significantly higher efficacy than placebo in improving insulin resistance. However, moderate exercise improved insulin resistance more than the metformin intervention. Participants in this study need to be followed up for a longer period to assess the long-term effects of these interventions.
Comparison of the Ultrasonography Features of the Breast in Women with Fibroadenoma and Those with Other Breast Lumps
Authors: Okafor Ugochukwu Egbunike , Itanyi Ukamaka Dorothy , Garba Stephen Ekundayo , Yawe King-David Terna 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Fibroadenoma (FA) is documented as the most common benign breast disease typically presenting as a lump. A wide variety of other diseases including breast cancer can similarly present as lumps hence the need for further differentiation. Ultrasonography plays a vital role in the evaluation and treatment of breast lumps with histological analysis as the gold standard.

Objective:
This study compared the physical and sonographic features of the breast in women with FA and women with breast lumps due to other diseases.

Materials and Methods:
This is a single-centre comparative study. Clinical and sonographic breast evaluations of the recruited patients with lumps were done and reported using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score. The lumps were biopsied, and histological diagnosis was documented. Clinical and imaging features of the breasts of women with FA were then compared with those of women with lumps from other breast diseases, and collated data were analysed using SPSS Statistical version 23.0.

Results:
Data from 118 subjects (59 in each group) were used for this study. There was a significant difference in the physical and sonographic appearance of FA concerning the patient’s age, parity, change in lesion size, perilesional architecture, echogenicity, borders, capsule and background breast density. No FA was found in women with less dense breasts.

Conclusion:
The sonographic features of breasts showed some differences from the corresponding features of FA and other breast lesions. This has the potential to increase the efficiency of pre-operative diagnosis of FA and could be further applied in developing diagnostic criteria for FA in our environment.
Standard-Setting Methods for Assessment in a Post-Graduate Medical College
Authors: Ekekezie Oyenike Oyeronke , Charles-Eromosele Titilope Oyinlola , Olatona Foluke Adenike , Aguwa Emmanuel Nwabueze 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Standard-setting procedures assess candidates’ competence in an examination. Different standard-setting methods produce different pass scores, and no gold standard exists currently. The quality of the standard-setting process is critical in medical examinations where true competency needs to be determined for safe medical practice.

Aims:
This study assessed the standard-setting methods the college uses to determine the pass scores in the various parts of the fellowship examinations and compared these methods with the arbitrary 50% previously used.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional comparative study to assess the standard-setting methods adopted, which was applied to the September/October/November 2023 fellowship examinations.

Methods:
This was a total population survey involving the 16 faculties of the College. Secondary data from a compilation of approved results was used.

Data Analysis:
Descriptive and analytical statistics in Microsoft Excel program.

Results:
The methods for standard-setting adopted by the college were assessed, and their mean pass scores were analysed. The mean pass score for the primary multiple choice questions examinations was 46.7%, lower than the previously used arbitrary 50% mark, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean pass scores for the other examinations were higher than the previously used arbitrary 50% mark, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Implementation of the approved standard-setting methods can be improved with more training and retraining of faculties and examiners so that results that are consistent with their purpose, and that align well with other measures of competency can be produced.
Evaluation of leukocyte depletion of packed red blood cells for the prevention of clinically observed transfusion reactions at a medical center in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Su Kai-Yun , Huang Jing-Chun , Lin Jing-Yi , Chang Chun-Chun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) is correlated with the level of cytokines released by donor leukocytes in blood bags during storage, which is the most common transfusion reaction. The study aimed to reveal whether the use of leukocyte-poor red blood cells (LPRBCs) can reduce the incidence of transfusion reactions to promote patient safety.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2014 to June 2022, 158,122 blood transfusion reports were collected from a medical center in Eastern Taiwan. Data were categorized into three groups according to usage: prepromotion use of LPRBCs (January 2014–April 2016), promotion use of LPRBCs (May 2016 to February 2018), and full utilization of LPRBCs (March 2018 to June 2022). According to the American Association of Blood Bank Common Transfusion Reaction Reporting Form version 2.0 reporting system, FNHTRs were classified as moderate transfusion reactions. We used these data to analyze the association between LPRBC use and transfusion reaction rate.

Results:
At our hospital, the LPRBC usage rate from January 2014 to April 2016, May 2016 to February 2018, and March 2018 to June 2022 was 5.37%, 34.82%, and 56.45%, respectively. The total transfusion reaction rate from January 2014 to April 2016 was 1.66%, whereas the moderate reaction rate was 1.29%. The total transfusion and moderate reaction rates from May 2016 to February 2018 were 1.41% and 1.00%, whereas those from March 2018 to June 2022 were 0.95% and 0.63%, respectively. The total transfusion and moderate reaction rates from March 2018 to June 2022 decreased by 42.8% and 51.2%, respectively, compared with those from January 2014 to April 2016. We further compared the incidence of transfusion reactions caused by packed red blood cells (PRBC) and LPRBC products in different years. The results showed that between 2014 and 2022, the types of blood transfusion reaction caused using PRBC and LPRBC products are the mild transfusion reaction rate of 0.20%/0.20%, the moderate transfusion reaction rate of 1.61%/0.69%, the severe transfusion reaction rates 0.38%/0.16%, and the total transfusion reaction rates 2.19%/1.05%.

Conclusion:
Our study results indicate that both total transfusion and moderate reaction rates significantly decreased with increasing LPRBC usage rate. Based on our data analysis, LPRBC is more effective in reducing moderate and severe transfusion reactions than PRBC.
Health Awareness Exhibition Emphasizing Cancer Causes Improves Knowledge of the General Public: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rao Suresh , Shetty Rajesh , Gatty Nithesh , Prabhu Nagraj , Suresh Sucharitha , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim:
In India, science exhibitions are conducted to create awareness in the community and offer education about health using instructive materials and explanations by trained community workers. This study aimed to understand the usefulness of cancer exhibition in creating cancer awareness in the participants.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective pretest and posttest study and was performed with the general public who participated in a health awareness exhibition at Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The knowledge gained by the volunteers was ascertained by calculating the difference between the pretest and posttest using McNemar, chi-square, or Fisher Exact test. A probability value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The results revealed that a total of 378 participated in the study. Pretest scores indicated most volunteers were aware of tobacco and alcohol in cancer, whereas the majority were unaware of the role of fruits and vegetables and sedentary life in enhancing the possibility of cancer development. The posttest showed a significant increase in knowledge gain (P = 0.003–<0.001).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that for the first time, this study shows that the exhibition can be useful in improving knowledge of cancer awareness among community members. When compared with other educational modes, the exhibition is a relatively inexpensive and easy way to educate the general public in the community.
Examples of chromatic redshift in algebraic $K$-theory
Authors: Yuan Allen 
Published: September 2024

We give a simple argument to detect chromatic redshift in the algebraic

K

-theory of

\mathbb{E}_{\infty}

-ring spectra and give two applications: we show for

n\geq 1

that

K(E_{n})

, the algebraic

K

-theory of any height

n

Lubin–Tate theory, has nontrivial

T(n+1)

-localization, and that

K^{(n)}(k)

, the

n

-fold iterated algebraic

K

-theory of a field

k

of characteristic different from the implicit prime

p

, has nontrivial

T(n)

-localization.
GAMBARAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN INDEKS ERITROSIT SEBAGAI PENANDA ANEMIA PADA KARYAWAN PT. ANTAM DI KECAMATAN POMALAA KABUPATEN KOLAKA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Balaka Kemal Idris , Umar Heni , Saadi Niar Jumiarti 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood is less than normal. Anemia is a nutritional problem that is widely found throughout the world that not only occurs in developing countries but also in developed countries Anemia is a condition with hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and red blood cells that are lower than normal values. Hemoglobin functions to deliver oxygen throughout the body and gives color to erythrocyte cells. In addition to hemoglobin the supporting parameters for knowing someone suffering from anemia is to look at the erythrocyte index. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index as an anemic marker in employees of PT. Antam in Pomalaa District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This type of is descriptive to determine the description of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index as a marker of anemia in employees of PT. Antam where the number of samples was 25 people with the hemotology analyzer method and purposive sampling technique. Based on the research results of research conducted on 25 samples of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index as markers of anemia in employees of PT. Antam in Pomalaa District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, obtained normal hemoglonin and erythrocyte index (100%).
Keywords: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Erythrocyte Index, Employees PT. Antam
ABSTRAK
Anemia adalah suatu keadaan dimana kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah kurang dari normal. Anemia merupakan masalah gizi yang banyak terdapat di seluruh dunia yang tidak hanya terjadi di negara berkembang tetapi juga di negara maju Anemia adalah keadaan dengan kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit dan sel darah merah yang lebih rendah dari nilai normal. Hemoglobin berfungsi mengantarkan oksigen keseluruh tubuh dan memberi warna pada sel eritrosit. Selain hemoglobin parameter penunjang untuk mengetahui seseorang menderita anemia adalah dengan melihat indeks eritrosit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit sebagai penanda anemia pada karyawan PT.Antam di Kecamatan Pomalaa Kabupaten Kolaka Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit sebagai penanda anemia pada karyawan PT. Antam dimana jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 orang dengan metode hemotology analyzer dan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan yang telah dilakukan terhadap 25 sampel kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit sebagai penanda anemia pada karyawan PT.Antam di Kecamatan Pomalaa Kabupaten Kolaka Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara diperoleh nilai kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit normal (100%).
Kata kunci: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Indeks Eritrosit, Karyawan PT. Antam
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN PATIWALA (Lantana camara L)TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175
Authors: Afdillah Nia , Fusvita Angriani , Febriyani Rani 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Indonesia has high natural resources and biodiversity, consisting of a number of islands with 34 provinces that have a variety of ethnicities and cultures. Medicinal culture has been proliferating since ancient times which has been preserved from generation to generation. This traditional medicine can be used as a medicine and around 300 types have been utilized for traditional medicinal ingredients.This study was to determine the patiwala leaf extract and its concertation in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria. This research is a labolatory experimental research witch is a quqntitative study. This research method is to explain the cause and effect between one variable and another variable. This research was conducted using 2 methods of the kruskallwallis test and the normality test with the help of the SPSS application. The result of the Kruskallwallis test and normality text with normal result with values (p>0,41) and (p<0,01). Patiwala leaf extract (Lantana camara L) has different abilities against the growth of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria.
Keywords : Patiwala Leaves, Lantana camara L, Inhibition
ABSTRAK
Indonesia memiliki sumber daya alam dan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, terdiri dari jumlah pulau dengan 34 provinsi yang memiliki beranekaragaman suku dan budaya. Budaya pengobatan sangat berkembang sejak dulu yang sangat dilestarikan secara turun-temurun. Pengobatan tradisional ini dapat digunakan sebagai obat dan sekitar 300 jenis yang sudah di manfaatkan untuk bahan obat tradisional. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ekstrak daun patiwala dan konsentrasi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus Mutans. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen laboratorium merupakan suatu penelitian kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menjelaskan sebab akibat bahwa antara satu variable dengan varibel lainya. Penelitian ini di lakukan dengan menggunakan 2 metode uji kruskall wallis test dan uji normalitas dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil uji kruskall wallis test dan uji normalitas dengan hasil normal dengan nilai (p<0,41) dan (p<0,01). Ekstrak daun patiwala (Lantana camara L) yang memiliki kemampuan yang brbeda-beda terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans
Kata Kunci: Daun patiwala, Lantana camara L, Daya hambat