bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiosemicarbazone Moiety Assist in Interaction of Planar Aromatic Molecules with Amyloid Beta Peptide and Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Ranade Dnyanesh S. , Shravage Bhupendra V. , Kumbhar Anupa A. , Sonawane Uddhavesh B. , Jani Vinod P. , Joshi Rajendra R. , Kulkarni Prasad P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Aggregation of Aβ peptide, Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity and deficit of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are strongly linked to the progression of AD. Herein, we synthesized aromatic thiosemicarbazone (TSC) analogues with two, three and four phenyl rings. Result obtained from docking studies showed that hydrophobic aromatic moieties are essential for interaction with aggregation prone region of Aβ peptide while thiosemicarbazone forms hydrogen bonding contacts with peptide residues. Docking studies also demonstrated that phenyl rings and thiosemicarbazone moiety present in TSC 3 forms hydrophobic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding interactions with CAS region of AChE respectively. Results of turbidity assay and ThT assay revealed that TSC 3 with four phenyl rings exhibited improved inhibition of Aβ (1‐42) peptide aggregation. Interestingly, TSC 3 also showed reversal of rough eye phenotype even at 20 μM concentration in the Drosophila model of AD.
Efficient Access to o‐Phenylendiamines and Their Use in the Synthesis of a 1,2‐Dialkyl‐5‐trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles Library Under Microwave Conditions
Authors: Vargas‐Oviedo Diana , Charris‐Molina Andrés , Portilla Jaime 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA quick access toward a 1,2‐dialkyl‐5‐trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles library by a three‐step synthesis sequence starting from 1‐chloro‐2‐nitro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene is described. The synthesis proceed via o‐phenylendiamines eficiently isolated, which also are key synthetic intermediates of another valuable heterocyclic compounds. Likewise, the trifluoromethyl group is part of the obtained benzimidazoles, affording an important structural feature for their possible applications. The advantages of this methodology are the modular lipophilicity of products, easy work‐up, up to 83% overall yield, the convenient use of microwave‐assisted reactions, and the production of compounds (intermediates and products) of high‐added value using cheap reagents and simple protocols.
An automated framework to support testing for process‐level race conditions
Authors: Yu Tingting , Srisa-an Witty , Rothermel Gregg 
Published: May 2017

SummaryRace conditions are difficult to detect because they usually occur only under specific execution interleavings. Numerous program analysis and testing techniques have been proposed to detect race conditions between threads on single applications. However, most of these techniques neglect races that occur at the process level due to complex system event interactions. This article presents a framework,SIMEXPLORER, that allows engineers to effectively test for process‐level race conditions.SIMEXPLORERfirst uses dynamic analysis techniques to observe system execution, identify program locations of interest, and report faults related to oracles. Next, it uses virtualization to achieve the fine‐grained controllability needed to exercise event interleavings that are likely to expose races. We evaluated the effectiveness ofSIMEXPLORERon 24 real‐world applications containing both known and unknown process‐level race conditions. Our results show thatSIMEXPLORERis effective at detecting these race conditions, while incurring an overhead that is acceptable given its effectiveness improvements.
Floating lidar as an advanced offshore wind speed measurement technique: current technology status and gap analysis in regard to full maturity
Authors: Gottschall Julia , Gribben Brian , Stein Detlef , Würth Ines 
Published: May 2017

Floating lidar was introduced in 2009 as an offshore wind measurement technology focusing on the specific needs of the wind industry with regard to wind resource assessment applications. Floating lidar systems (FLS) are meant to replace an offshore met mast, being significantly cheaper and saving an essential part of project upfront investment costs. But at the same time, they need to overcome particular challenges—these are (1) the movement of the sea imparting motion on the buoy and the lidar, and the subsequent challenge of maintaining wind speed and direction accuracy, and (2) the remoteness of the deployed system in an extremely challenging environment necessitating robust, autonomous and reliable operation of measurement, power supply, data logging, and communication systems. The issue of motion influences was investigated in a number of studies and is to be checked and monitored in offshore trials of individual FLS realizations. In trials to date, such influences have been demonstrated to be negligibly or manageably small with the application of motion reduction or compensation strategies. Thereby, it is possible to achieve accurate wind measurement data from FLS. The second kind of challenge is tackled by implementing a sufficiently robust and reliable FLS design. Recommended practices collected by a working group within the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Task 32 and within the UK offshore wind accelerator program offer guidance for FLS design and configuration, and furthermore set requirements for trialing the system types and individual devices in representative offshore conditions. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e250. doi: 10.1002/wene.250This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Science and Materials
Wind Power > Climate and Environment
Dietary PUFA Increase Apoptosis in Stomach of Patients with Dyspeptic Symptoms and Infected with H. pylori
Authors: Sharifi Rasoul , Nouri Mohammad , Eidi Akram , Noormohammadi Zahra , Dolatkhah Homayun , Shirmohammadi Masoud 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDrug‐resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori and poor treatment response are the main reasons for the failure in eradicating it in patients. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PUFA in combination with standard triple therapy on apoptosis in H. pylori infected subjects with dyspeptic symptoms. This study was a double‐blind clinical trial in which 34 H. pylori infected subjects with dyspeptic symptoms were randomly divided into two groups of 17 patients. The control group received standard triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole) and the experimental group received the standard therapy and PUFA for two weeks. Gene expression levels of caspase‐3, BCL‐2 and Bad proteins were studied with real‐time PCR, while protein levels were quantified in frozen sections and using immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, a significant increase (p < 0.01) was observed in the expression of caspase‐3 and Bad genes and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the expression of Bcl‐2 gene. The protein level of active caspase‐3 and Bad protein was significantly increased and the level of Bcl‐2 protein was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The results of this study show that oral administration of PUFA in combination with the standard triple therapy increased apoptosis in H. pylori‐infected patients with dyspeptic symptoms. This increase in apoptosis may partly reduce drug resistance in these patients. Our results suggest inclusion of a dietary PUFA containing fatty acid supplement may improve treatment of patients that are refractory to the standard triple therapy.
The German East-West Mortality Difference: Two Crossovers Driven by Smoking
Authors: Vogt Tobias , van Raalte Alyson , Grigoriev Pavel , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Before the fall of the Berlin Wall, mortality was considerably higher in the former East Germany than in West Germany. The gap narrowed rapidly after German reunification. The convergence was particularly strong for women, to the point that Eastern women aged 50–69 now have lower mortality despite lower incomes and worse overall living conditions. Prior research has shown that lower smoking rates among East German female cohorts born in the 1940s and 1950s were a major contributor to this crossover. However, after 1990, smoking behavior changed dramatically, with higher smoking intensity observed among women in the eastern part of Germany. We forecast the impact of this changing smoking behavior on East-West mortality differences and find that the higher smoking rates among younger East German cohorts will reverse their contemporary mortality advantage. Mortality forecasting methods that do not account for smoking would, perhaps misleadingly, forecast a growing mortality advantage for East German women. Experience from other countries shows that smoking can be effectively reduced by strict anti-smoking policies. Instead, East Germany is becoming an example warning of the consequences of weakening anti-smoking policies and changing behavioral norms.
Association Between Sexual Problems and Relationship Satisfaction Among People with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Byrne Molly , Murphy Patrick , D’Eath Maureen , Doherty Sally , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Relationship satisfaction is generally positively correlated with sexual satisfaction, but this relation has been poorly examined in people with cardiovascular disease who are at increased risk of sexual problems compared with the general population.

Aim
To document reported changes to sex after a diagnosis of cardiac disease and determine whether there is an association between sexual function and relationship satisfaction.

Methods
Semistructured telephone interviews focused on relationship satisfaction and sexual problems were conducted with 201 people with cardiovascular disease who were currently in a sexual relationship with one main partner and were recruited from six hospital cardiac rehabilitation centers in Ireland. Comparisons between groups were conducted using t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. Predictors of relationship satisfaction were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis.

Outcomes
Data were gathered on demographic and clinical variables, sexual problems, and relationship satisfaction, including satisfaction with the physical, emotional, affection, and communication aspects of relationships.

Results
Just less than one third of participants (n = 61, 30.3%) reported that sex had changed for the worse since their cardiac event or diagnosis, with approximately half of these stating that this was a serious problem for them. Satisfaction with relationships was high among patients surveyed; more than 70% of the sample reported being very or extremely satisfied with the physical and emotional aspects and showing affection during sex. Satisfaction with communication about sex was lower, with only 58% reporting being very or extremely satisfied. We did not find significant associations between reporting of sexual problems or deterioration of sex as a result of disease and relationship satisfaction.

Clinical Implications
Cardiac rehabilitation programs should address these sexual problems, potentially by enhancing communication within couples about sex.

Strengths and Limitations
The strength is that data are presented on the sexual experiences and relationship satisfaction of a relatively large sample of people diagnosed with cardiac disease, a relatively underexplored research area. Limitations include the possibility of selection bias of study participants and bias associated with self-report measurement.

Conclusions
Sexual problems were significant in this population but were not related to relationship satisfaction in this cross-sectional survey.
Clinical‐radiological correlation and role of computed tomography staging in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rathor Aakanksha , Bhattacharjee Abhinandan 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether there is a clinical‐radiological correlation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), to compare operative findings with those of computed tomography (CT) imaging, and to determine the importance of a CT score and staging in management of CRS.MethodsThis study is a prospective study. Adult patients meeting diagnostic criteria for CRS were prospectively studied using the Lund–Mackay (LM) symptom score and sinus CT scan. The symptom scores were correlated with CT stage according to the Kennedy and LM staging systems. Similarly, the intraoperative findings were correlated with the Kennedy staging system. The spectrum of anatomical variations in our study population was compared with the findings of symptomatic patients in various other studies.ResultsThirty‐four adult patients (13 females, 21 males, mean age: 33 years) met our inclusion criteria. Most of the patients presented with nasal obstruction, headache, and hyposmia. Nasal polyposis was the most common finding in CT scans, with many cases of retention cysts reported as polyps. In total, 50% of patients had a deviated septum. Concha bullosa was the most common finding among the various anatomical variations encroaching the ostiomeatal complex (OMC). In 60%–70% of cases, the CT scan grading correlated with operative findings. LM symptoms scores showed a poor correlation with both LM CT scores and the Kennedy stage.ConclusionsAlthough CT provided detailed information on sinus involvement; its relation with symptom severity is not reliable. The Kennedy CT staging system correlated better with CRS symptoms. Thus, use of Kennedy staging could be useful to endoscopic sinus surgeons as it provides an insight into the pathophysiology, can guide treatment, and facilitate prognosis prediction in CRS.
GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING AND EXPANDED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY TESTS TO GUIDE SELECTION OF CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMENS IN BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Scope Alison , Essat Munira , Pandor Abdullah , Rafia Rachid , Ward Sue E. , Wyld Lynda , Cross Simon , Woods Helen Buckley 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:The aim of this report was to assess the clinical effectiveness of two Gene expression profiling (GEP) and two expanded immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests compared with current prognostic tools in guiding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer.Methods:A systematic review of the evidence on clinical effectiveness of OncotypeDX, IHC4, MammaPrint, and Mammostrat, compared with current clinical practice using clinicopathological parameters, in women with early breast cancer was conducted. Ten databases were searched to include citations to May 2016.Results:Searches identified 7,064 citations, of which forty-one citations satisfied the criteria for the review. A narrative synthesis was performed. Evidence for OncotypeDX demonstrated the impact of the test on decision making and there was some support for OncotypeDX predicting chemotherapy benefit. There were relatively lower levels of evidence for the other three tests included in the analysis. MammaPrint, Mammostrat, and IHC4 tests were limited to a small number of studies. Limitations in relation to study design were identified for all tests.Conclusions:The evidence base for OncotypeDX is considered to be the most robust. Methodological weaknesses relating to heterogeneity of patient cohorts and issues arising from the retrospective nature of the evidence were identified. Further evidence is required for all of the tests using prospective randomized controlled trial data.
Cost-effectiveness of salt reduction to prevent hypertension and CVD: a systematic review
Authors: Schorling Elisabeth , Niebuhr Dea , Kroke Anja 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse and compare the cost-effectiveness of different interventions to reduce salt consumption.DesignA systematic review of published cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) and cost-utility analyses (CUA) was undertaken in the databases EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane and others until July 2016. Study selection was limited to CEA and CUA conducted in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in English, German or French, without time limit. Outcomes measures were life years gained (LYG), disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Relevant aspects in modelling were analysed and compared. Quality assessments were conducted using the Drummond and Jefferson/British Medical Journalchecklist.SettingOECD member countries.SubjectsMainly adults.ResultsFourteen CEA and CUA were included in the review which analysed different strategies: salt reduction or substitution in processed foods, taxes, labelling, awareness campaigns and targeted dietary advice. Fifty-nine out of sixty-two scenarios were cost-saving. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in international dollars (Intl.$; 2015) was particularly low for taxes, a salt reduction by food manufacturers and labelling (<−3072 Intl.$/QALY, −6187 Intl.$/LYG and <584 Intl.$/DALY over the time horizon compared with the status quo or no intervention). Targeted dietary advice was rather not cost-effective (24 600 Intl.$/QALY and >303 900 Intl.$/DALY). However, only six studies analysed cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective and quality assessments showed flaws in conducting and a lack of transparency in reporting.ConclusionsA population-wide salt reduction could be cost-effective in prevention of hypertension and CVD in OECD member countries. However, comparability between study results is limited due to differences in modelling, applied perspectives and considered data.
Nitrogen Gas Field Ion Source (GFIS) Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Secondary Electron Imaging: A First Look
Authors: Schmidt Marek E. , Yasaka Anto , Akabori Masashi , Mizuta Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe recent technological advance of the gas field ion source (GFIS) and its successful integration into systems has renewed the interest in the focused ion beam (FIB) technology. Due to the atomically small source size and the use of light ions, the limitations of the liquid metal ion source are solved as device dimensions are pushed further towards the single-digit nanometer size. Helium and neon ions are the most widely used, but a large portfolio of available ion species is desirable, to allow a wide range of applications. Among argon and hydrogen,
$${\rm N}_{2}^{{\plus}} $$
ions offer unique characteristics due to their covalent bond and their use as dopant for various carbon-based materials including diamond. Here, we provide a first look at the
$${\rm N}_{2}^{{\plus}} $$
GFIS-FIB enabled imaging of a large selection of microscopic structures, including gold on carbon test specimen, thin metal films on insulator and nanostructured carbon-based devices, which are among the most actively researched materials in the field of nanoelectronics. The results are compared with images acquired by He+ ions, and we show that
$${\rm N}_{2}^{{\plus}} $$
GFIS-FIB can offer improved material contrast even at very low imaging dose and is more sensitive to the surface roughness.
Large polarization gradients and temperature-stable responses in compositionally-graded ferroelectrics
Authors: Damodaran Anoop R. , Pandya Shishir , Qi Yubo , Hsu Shang-Lin , Liu Shi , Nelson Christopher , Dasgupta Arvind , Ercius Peter , Ophus Colin , Dedon Liv R. , Agar Josh C. , Lu Hongling , Zhang Jialan , Minor Andrew M. , Rappe Andrew M. , Martin Lane W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA range of modern applications require large and tunable dielectric, piezoelectric or pyroelectric response of ferroelectrics. Such effects are intimately connected to the nature of polarization and how it responds to externally applied stimuli. Ferroelectric susceptibilities are, in general, strongly temperature dependent, diminishing rapidly as one transitions away from the ferroelectric phase transition (TC). In turn, researchers seek new routes to manipulate polarization to simultaneously enhance susceptibilities and broaden operational temperature ranges. Here, we demonstrate such a capability by creating composition and strain gradients in Ba1−xSrxTiO3 films which result in spatial polarization gradients as large as 35 μC cm−2 across a 150 nm thick film. These polarization gradients allow for large dielectric permittivity with low loss (ɛr≈775, tan δ<0.05), negligible temperature-dependence (13% deviation over 500 °C) and high-dielectric tunability (greater than 70% across a 300 °C range). The role of space charges in stabilizing polarization gradients is also discussed.
Antibody targeting intracellular oncogenic Ras mutants exerts anti-tumour effects after systemic administration
Authors: Shin Seung-Min , Choi Dong-Ki , Jung Keunok , Bae Jeomil , Kim Ji-sun , Park Seong-wook , Song Ki-Hoon , Kim Yong-Sung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOncogenic Ras mutants, frequently detected in human cancers, are high-priority anticancer drug targets. However, direct inhibition of oncogenic Ras mutants with small molecules has been extremely challenging. Here we report the development of a human IgG1 format antibody, RT11, which internalizes into the cytosol of living cells and selectively binds to the activated GTP-bound form of various oncogenic Ras mutants to block the interactions with effector proteins, thereby suppressing downstream signalling and exerting anti-proliferative effects in a variety of tumour cells harbouring oncogenic Ras mutants. When systemically administered, an RT11 variant with an additional tumour-associated integrin binding moiety for tumour tissue targeting significantly inhibits the in vivo growth of oncogenic Ras-mutated tumour xenografts in mice, but not wild-type Ras-harbouring tumours. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of developing therapeutic antibodies for direct targeting of cytosolic proteins that are inaccessible using current antibody technology.
Actively addressed single pixel full-colour plasmonic display
Authors: Franklin Daniel , Frank Russell , Wu Shin-Tson , Chanda Debashis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDynamic, colour-changing surfaces have many applications including displays, wearables and active camouflage. Plasmonic nanostructures can fill this role by having the advantages of ultra-small pixels, high reflectivity and post-fabrication tuning through control of the surrounding media. However, previous reports of post-fabrication tuning have yet to cover a full red-green-blue (RGB) colour basis set with a single nanostructure of singular dimensions. Here, we report a method which greatly advances this tuning and demonstrates a liquid crystal-plasmonic system that covers the full RGB colour basis set, only as a function of voltage. This is accomplished through a surface morphology-induced, polarization-dependent plasmonic resonance and a combination of bulk and surface liquid crystal effects that manifest at different voltages. We further demonstrate the system’s compatibility with existing LCD technology by integrating it with a commercially available thin-film-transistor array. The imprinted surface interfaces readily with computers to display images as well as video.