bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored disconnection based on presurgical evidence in catastrophic epilepsy: report of 2 cases
Authors: Park Jun T. , Manjila Sunil V. , Tangen Rachel B. , Cohen Mark L. , Shahid Asim M. , Sweet Jennifer A. , Tuxhorn Ingrid E. , Miller Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2016

Catastrophic epilepsy in infants, often due to extensive cortical dysplasia, has devastating consequences with respect to brain development. Conventional lobar, multilobar, or hemispheric resection in these infants is challenging, carrying an increased operative risk compared with that in older children. Removing a larger tissue volume versus removing or disconnecting the epileptogenic region does not always guarantee better seizure outcome. The authors describe 2 infants with catastrophic epilepsy who benefited from individually tailored disconnections based on a hypothesized epileptogenic zone following intensive presurgical evaluation.
Two infants with catastrophic epilepsy and epileptic spasms underwent leukotomies between 3 and 12 months of age. They were followed up postoperatively for 19–36 months. Both patients had 90%–100% seizure reduction and a significantly improved neurodevelopmental outcome without postoperative complication. Cortical malformation was seen in both patients. Modifications of established surgical disconnection techniques, tailored to each patient's specific epileptogenic zone, optimized seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes while minimizing the risks associated with more extensive resections.
Virtual and stereoscopic anatomy: when virtual reality meets medical education
Authors: de Faria Jose Weber Vieira , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , de Moura Sousa Júnior Leonardo , Otoch Jose Pinhata , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to construct, implement, and evaluate an interactive and stereoscopic resource for teaching neuroanatomy, accessible from personal computers.

METHODS
Forty fresh brains (80 hemispheres) were dissected. Images of areas of interest were captured using a manual turntable and processed and stored in a 5337-image database. Pedagogic evaluation was performed in 84 graduate medical students, divided into 3 groups: 1 (conventional method), 2 (interactive nonstereoscopic), and 3 (interactive and stereoscopic). The method was evaluated through a written theory test and a lab practicum.

RESULTS
Groups 2 and 3 showed the highest mean scores in pedagogic evaluations and differed significantly from Group 1 (p < 0.05). Group 2 did not differ statistically from Group 3 (p > 0.05). Size effects, measured as differences in scores before and after lectures, indicate the effectiveness of the method. ANOVA results showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups, and the Tukey test showed statistical differences between Group 1 and the other 2 groups (p < 0.05). No statistical differences between Groups 2 and 3 were found in the practicum. However, there were significant differences when Groups 2 and 3 were compared with Group 1 (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors conclude that this method promoted further improvement in knowledge for students and fostered significantly higher learning when compared with traditional teaching resources.
Clinical outcomes of middle fossa craniotomy for superior semicircular canal dehiscence repair
Authors: Chung Lawrance K. , Ung Nolan , Spasic Marko , Nagasawa Daniel T. , Pelargos Panayiotis E. , Thill Kimberly , Voth Brittany , Hirt Daniel , Gopen Quinton , Yang Isaac 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of a third opening in the inner ear between the superior semicircular canal and the middle cranial fossa. Aberrant communication through this opening causes a syndrome of hearing loss, pulsatile tinnitus, disequilibrium, and autophony. This study analyzed the clinical outcomes of a single-institution series of patients with SSCD undergoing surgical repair by the same otolaryngologist and neurosurgeon.

METHODS
All patients who underwent SSCD repair at the University of California, Los Angeles, between March 2011 and November 2014 were included. All patients had their SSCD repaired via middle fossa craniotomy by the same otolaryngologist and neurosurgeon. Outcomes were analyzed with Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS
A total of 18 patients with a mean age of 56.2 years (range 27–84 years) and an average follow-up of 5.0 months (range 0.2–21.8 months) underwent 21 cases of SSCD repair. Following treatment, all patients (100%) reported resolution in ≥ 1 symptom associated with SSCD. Autophony (p = 0.0005), tinnitus (p = 0.0059), and sound- and/or pressure-induced dizziness (p = 0.0437) showed significant symptomatic resolution. Following treatment, 29% (2/7) of patients developed imbalance, 20% (1/5) of patients developed sound- and/or pressure-induced dizziness, and 18% (2/11) of patients developed aural fullness. Among patients with improved symptoms following surgical repair, none reported recurrence of symptoms at subsequent follow-up visits.

CONCLUSIONS
SSCD remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. Surgical repair of SSCD using a middle fossa craniotomy is associated with a high rate of symptom resolution. Continued investigation using a larger patient cohort and longer-term follow-up could further demonstrate the effectiveness of using middle fossa craniotomy for SSCD repair.
Reid's Principle of Credulity as a Principle of Charity
Authors: Gur Arye Adam Weiler 
Published: February 2016

Reid's principle of credulity may be interpreted as equivalent to a principle of charity, due to the nature of three beliefs it implies concerning the interlocutors, which are held by the person who attempts to acquire their language: (1) They are telling truth in the sense that they are saying what they really think, perceive, feel, believe; (2) they are veracious in the sense that what they say is objectively true; (3) they use language consistently. This interpretation relies on Reid's straightforward remarks on his principle of credulity and on his view of two related correspondences: One correspondence is between the principle of credulity and the principle of veracity. The other is between these two principles and the principles that create the ‘language of nature’ and guide us in our efforts to unravel it.
Vingt ans d'interprétation restrictive de l'article L 112-16 du Code de la construction et de l'habitation
Authors: Namiech Norbert 
Published: February 2016

Established by a law of December 1, 1976 and a law of July 4, 1980 - which introduced a new article L. 112- 16 into the French Construction and Building Code - the rule of prior occupation or earlier rights has corne in for considérable criticism given that it allows an occupant of premises carrying on an « environnemental/y harmful » activity, to argue that a subsquently established neighbour who has launched an action based on « abnormal neighbourhood disorders », fully accepts the disorders he suffers.
Confronted with the delicate legitimacy of this rule, the judges have followed, principally over the last twenty past years, a dispassionate and consistent Case Lawpolicy in interpreting very strictly the above mentionned rule, both as regards its field of application and provisions, thereby significantly contributing to limit its scope.
Le plan de développement rural national et son influence sur les « habitats » de la faune sauvage
Authors: Lanord Magali 
Published: February 2016

Le règlement communautaire de développement rural, adopté en mai 1999, accentue le tournant environnemental pris par la politique agricole commune (PAC) dans les années quatre-vingt-dix. La prise en compte de l'environnement et la nécessité de protéger les « habitats » de la faune sauvage obligent les Etats membres à repenser, dans une certaine mesure, leur politique agricole.
Conformément à cette évolution, la France a mis en place un plan unique de développement rural qui induit un profond remaniement des mesures relatives à la protection des « habitats ». Si la voie contractuelle, par l'intermédiaire des contrats territoriaux d'exploitation, a été choisie pour mettre en place ces diverses dispositions, de nombreuses limites viennent faire douter de l'impact de cet instrument, au détriment de la protection des milieux naturels.
The transformative image. The power of a photograph for social change: The death of Aylan
Authors: de-Andrés-del-Campo Susana , Nos-Aldas Eloisa , García-Matilla Agustín 
Published: February 2016

This paper focuses on the role of the image as an agent for social transformation. The methodology adopted is a case study: the impact of the photograph of Aylan Kurdi, the three-year-old child drowned off Bodrum in an attempt to escape on a raft full of Syrian migrants. This is one of the most widely seen social photojournalism documents in recent times, and it had a huge impact on social media. The study applies an iconographic, iconological and ethical analysis to reveal the constituent parts of an image with the power for social change. In its main conclusions, this paper describes the potential for easy resignification of the digital graphic image as it symbolically transforms reality, and the power it has to generate processes of pronouncement and activism among citizens in digital environments. The results of the case study show that the value of an image for social change is achieved not only by the magnitude of the tragedy itself and the information that it registers, or by its formal aspects (iconographic), but mainly by being able to express a change of logic (iconological aspects) and to promote processes of reappropriation and denunciation. The ethical debate on dissemination shifts the problem from journalistic ethics to citizen responsibility.
Este trabajo plantea el papel de la imagen como agente de transformación social. La metodología que se emplea es un estudio de caso sobre el impacto de la fotografía de Aylan Kurdi, el niño de tres años ahogado en el intento de huida en una balsa de inmigrantes sirios en Bodrum. Se trata de uno de los documentos recientes de fotoperiodismo social más difundidos transnacionalmente y con gran impacto en redes sociales. El estudio aborda diferentes niveles de análisis (iconográfico, iconológico y ético) para decapar los aspectos constitutivos de una imagen con poder de cambio social. Como principales conclusiones, esta investigación comprueba el poder de la imagen gráfica digital por su carácter de fácil reedición y resignificación en el paso de transformar simbólicamente la realidad y generar procesos de pronunciamiento y activismo en la ciudadanía a partir de entornos digitales. Los resultados del análisis del caso que se delimita muestran cómo el valor de una imagen en el cambio social no viene dado solo por la magnitud de la tragedia o el hecho que registra, ni por sus aspectos formales (iconográficos), sino por ser capaz de expresar un cambio de lógica (aspecto iconológico) y propiciar procesos de reapropiación y denuncia ciudadana. Por último, el debate ético sobre su difusión traslada el problema de la deontología periodística a la responsabilidad ciudadana.
La critique cinématographique au Brésil et la question du sous-développement économique : du cinéma muet aux années 1970
Authors: Morettin Eduardo , Xavier Ismail 
Published: February 2016

Cet article propose un bilan de la réflexion critique sur le cinéma brésilien en dégageant trois phases : la période du cinéma muet, durant laquelle prévaut une mentalité colonisée dans les publications ; celle, à la fin des années 1950, de révision de la pensée et de l’historiographie synthétisée par Sales Gomes lorsqu’il décrit la « situation coloniale » ; et celle du début des années 1970, lorsque la crise du Cinema Novo est pensée dans sa confrontation avec l’économie politique du cinéma brésilien pendant le xxe siècle, dans ce que Sales Gomes a défini comme étant la trajectoire dans le sous-développement.
Le Brésil et la construction problématique d’un cinéma national (1896-1954)
Authors: Trujillo Gabriela 
Published: February 2016

Ayant acquis son indépendance en 1822, le Brésil est un pays jeune au moment de l’avènement du cinéma. De 1896, date des premières projections dans l’ancienne capitale Rio de Janeiro, à la fin du varguisme au milieu des années 1950, le cinéma brésilien s’invente à partir d’une dialectique entre interventionnisme d’État et influences extérieures. L’« omniographo », machine inaugurale et curiosité scientifique venue d’ailleurs, ouvre l’ère d’un cinéma des attractions local, qui peut ensuite muter en un modèle inspiré de la cinéphilie française et américaine de l’entre-deux guerres. Le président Gétulio Vargas défend à partir des années 1930 l’importance du cinéma comme un enjeu majeur de son état populiste, adoptant des lois protectionnistes qui permettent de poser les bases de l’une des industries les plus fortes de la région, industrie qui a ensuite rêvé de devenir le « Hollywood des Tropiques ».
Ni dolly, ni dollar – Caméra à la main, décolonisation en tête
Authors: Lustosa de Oliveira Lilia 
Published: February 2016

Cet article propose une analyse de la période qui précède immédiatement l’émergence du mouvement Cinema Novo (1959-1961) – ici appelée « instant prégnant » – par le biais du suivi de la trajectoire du film Arraial do Cabo (1959), de Mário Carneiro et Paulo Cezar Saraceni son histoire et sa réception critique au Brésil. Cette analyse a pour but de comprendre la place que prennent le film et l’article-manifeste « Arraial, cinema novo e câmera na mão » de Glauber Rocha dans l’histoire et l’historiographie du cinéma brésilien, tout en mettant en lumière comment le mouvement de libération de la caméra, via le symbole de la « caméra à la main », est incorporé au discours cinémanoviste et ce qu’il représente.
Multidrug Resistant Shigella flexneri Infection Simulating Intestinal Intussusception
Authors: Sreenivasan Srirangaraj , Kali Arunava , Pradeep Jothimani 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Shigella enteritis remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all age groups, in developing as well as developed countries. Owing to the emerging resistance to multiple antibiotics among Shigella spp., it has been recognized as a major global public health concern and warrants constant monitoring of its resistance pattern. We report a case of segmental ileitis caused by non-ESBL producing multidrug resistant Shigella flexneri in an infant clinically mimicking intussusception, which was effectively treated by ceftriaxone.
Human Herpesviruses as Copathogens of HIV Infection, Their Role in HIV Transmission, and Disease Progression
Authors: Munawwar Arshi , Singh Sarman 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTOf eight human herpesviruses (HHVs), often, only herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) find mention in medical literature as both of these viruses are commonly associated with genital lesions and oral ulcers, commonly known as cold sores. However, role of human herpesviruses as copathogens and in aggravation and in the transmission of other human diseases, especially the Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has only very recently been recognized. Therefore, screening and treating subclinical HHV infections may offer slowing of HIV infection, disease progression, and its transmission. Beside HSV-1 and HSV-2, HHV-3 a causative agent of herpes zoster remained one of the first manifestations of HIV disease before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HHV-5 also known as human Cytomegalovirus infection remains a significant risk factor for HIV-associated mortality and morbidity even in HAART era. It is proposed that Cytomegalovirus viremia could be a better predictor of HIV disease progression than CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. The role of HHV-4 or Epstein–Burr virus and HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 is still being investigated in HIV disease progression. This review provides insight into the current understanding about these 8 HHVs, their co-pathogenesis, and role in HIV/ AIDS disease progression. The review also covers recent literature in favor and against administering anti-HHV treatment along with HAART for slower AIDS progression and interrupted sexual transmission.
Comparison of Ultrafast Papanicolaou Stain with the Standard Papanicolaou Stain in Body Fluids and Fine Needle Aspiration Specimens
Authors: Alwahaibi Nasar Yousuf , Alsubhi Mariam Said , Aldairi Najat , Alshukaili Amna , Bai Usha Rani 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Most cytology laboratories in all Gulf countries including Oman, use the standard papanicolaou (PAP) method to stain various cytological specimens. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible application of ultrafast PAP (UF‑PAP) method in cytology laboratory.
Materials and Methods: Samples from 46 patients containing 26 body fluids and 20 fine needle aspirations (FNAs) (9 thyroids and 11 breasts) were collected. Two air dried and two wet smears from each sample were prepared and stained by UF‑PAP and the standard PAP stains, respectively. Background, nuclear staining, cell morphology, and overall staining were independently reviewed by two cytoscreeners.
Results: In all cases of FNA, UF-PAP stain gave a good score for the background, nuclear staining, cell morphology, and overall staining when compared with the standard PAP method. Although the correct diagnosis was made in all cases of body cavity fluids cases except in one case, UF-PAP stain gave a fewer score in the assessment of body cavity fluid samples.
Conclusion: The findings of this study support the use of UF‑PAP method in cytology laboratory with a high emphasis on FNA samples.
An Incidental Primary Papillary Carcinoma Arising in a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: Report of a Rare Finding
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Jaseem , Rana Safia , Khan Sabina , Jairajpuri Zeeba Shamim , Monga Seema , Jain Abhinav , Jetley Sujata 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital anomaly of the thyroid, usually manifested as painless midline neck mass. Malignancy is very rare and is reported in around 1% of cases as an incidental finding after histopathological evaluation of resected cyst. Papillary carcinoma is the most common carcinoma reported in TGDC. Here, we report a case of 17-year-old-female, who presented with a gradually increasing midline neck mass which moves with swallowing. On imaging a diagnosis of infected TGDC was made. The Sistrunk operation was done and a diagnosis of primary papillary carcinoma arising in a TGDC was rendered histopathologically. The contemporary appearance of papillary carcinoma thyroid was reported in about 20% cases of TGDC carcinoma, thus it is essential to differentiate primary papillary carcinoma arising in a TGDC from those of metastatic papillary carcinoma thyroid by strict diagnostic criteria.
Ability of the 4-D-Var analysis of the GOSAT BESD XCO2 retrievals to characterize atmospheric CO2 at large and synoptic scales
Authors: Massart Sébastien , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Heymann Jens , Buchwitz Michael , Chevallier Frédéric , Reuter Maximilian , Hilker Michael , Burrows John P. , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Feist Dietrich G. , Hase Frank , Sussmann Ralf , Desmet Filip , Dubey Manvendra K. , Griffith David W. T. , Kivi Rigel , Petri Christof , Schneider Matthias , Velazco Voltaire A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This study presents results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis system where the atmospheric CO2 is controlled through the assimilation of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The analysis is compared to a free-run simulation (without assimilation of XCO2), and they are both evaluated against XCO2 data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We show that the assimilation of the GOSAT XCO2 product from the Bremen Optimal Estimation Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (BESD) algorithm during the year 2013 provides XCO2 fields with an improved mean absolute error of 0.6 parts per million (ppm) and an improved station-to-station bias deviation of 0.7  ppm compared to the free run (1.1 and 1.4  ppm, respectively) and an improved estimated precision of 1  ppm compared to the GOSAT BESD data (3.3  ppm). We also show that the analysis has skill for synoptic situations in the vicinity of frontal systems, where the GOSAT retrievals are sparse due to cloud contamination. We finally computed the 10-day forecast from each analysis at 00:00  UTC, and we demonstrate that the CO2 forecast shows synoptic skill for the largest-scale weather patterns (of the order of 1000  km) even up to day 5 compared to its own analysis.
Cloud radar with hybrid mode towards estimation of shape and orientation of ice crystals
Authors: Myagkov A. , Seifert P. , Bauer-Pfundstein M. , Wandinger U. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This paper is devoted to the experimental quantitative characterization of the shape and orientation distribution of ice particles in clouds. The characterization is based on measured and modeled elevation dependencies of the polarimetric parameters differential reflectivity and correlation coefficient. The polarimetric data are obtained using a newly developed 35 GHz cloud radar MIRA-35 with hybrid polarimetric configuration and scanning capabilities. The full procedure chain of the technical implementation and the realization of the setup of the hybrid-mode cloud radar for the shape determination are presented. This includes the description of phase adjustments in the transmitting paths, the introduction of the general data processing scheme, correction of the data for the differences of amplifications and electrical path lengths in the transmitting and receiving channels, the rotation of the polarization basis by 45°, the correction of antenna effects on polarimetric measurements, the determination of spectral polarimetric variables, and the formulation of a scheme to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Modeling of the polarimetric variables is based on existing back-scattering models assuming the spheroidal representation of cloud scatterers. The parameters retrieved from the model are polarizability ratio and degree of orientation, which can be assigned to certain particle orientations and shapes. The developed algorithm is applied to a measurement of the hybrid-mode cloud radar taken on 20 October 2014 in Cabauw, the Netherlands, in the framework of the ACCEPT (Analysis of the Composition of Clouds with Extended Polarization Techniques) campaign. The case study shows the retrieved polarizability ratio and degree of orientation of ice particles for a cloud system of three cloud layers at different heights. Retrieved polarizability ratios are 0.43, 0.85, and 1.5 which correspond to oblate, quasi-spherical, and columnar ice particles, respectively. It is shown that the polarizability ratio is useful for the detection of aggregation/riming processes. The orientation of oblate and prolate particles is estimated to be close to horizontal while quasi-spherical particles were found to be more randomly oriented.