bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncological outcome following Hartmann's procedure compared with anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer—The type of procedure does not influence local recurrence or distant metastasis: A population‐based study
Authors: Mariusdottir Elin , Jörgren Fredrik , Lydrup Marie‐Louise , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThe type of surgical procedure used in rectal cancer treatment may affect cancer recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine whether the type of procedure influences oncological outcomes in rectal cancer surgery.MethodWe gathered data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry regarding patients with TNM Stage I–III rectal cancer who underwent R0/R1 surgery from 2013 to 2017. The outcomes after Hartmann's procedure (HP), anterior resection (AR) and abdominoperineal resection (APR) were compared, and a multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed. The primary outcome of the study was the local recurrence rate. The secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, disease‐free survival and overall survival at 5 years as well as risk factors for local recurrence.ResultsA total of 4741 patients were included in the study: 614 underwent HP, 3075 underwent AR and 1052 underwent APR. Multivariable Cox regression revealed no difference in local recurrence, distant metastasis or disease‐free survival. Overall survival was higher following AR (OR 0.62, CI 0.54–0.72). Risk factors for local recurrence were intraoperative bowel perforation (OR 2.41, CI 1.33–4.40), a pT4 tumour (OR 1.93, CI 1.11–3.4) and a positive circumferential resection margin (OR 5.62, CI 3.28–9.61).ConclusionsThis nationwide study showed that the type of procedure did not affect the local recurrence rate or distant metastasis. In patients who are unfit for restorative surgery, HP is a viable alternative with oncological outcomes similar to those of APR.
Exhibiting slavery in Australia: Personal narratives and legacies
Authors: Arthur Paul Longley , Smith Isabel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe history of slavery has often been located on the same continuum as that of incarceration. This article explores the development of an exhibition representing the legacies of slavery in Australia, analysing Australian and international exhibitions alongside theories of museology, historiography and memory. It begins by considering the growth of slavery memory since the latter twentieth century, and Australia's own slavery heritage. The second half of the article focuses on curatorial directions and decisions taken in the exhibition, which our research team is currently developing in partnership with the Australian National Maritime Museum as part of an Australian Research Council project. Much of the project's research to date has been biographical, investigating the lives of individual slavers and colonists to explore colonial and racial frameworks still underpinning contemporary Australia. For the exhibition, we are investigating ways of expanding the scope to represent the lives and experiences of enslaved individuals. We are also exploring the challenges of retracing past lives, the potential limits of empathy, and the politics of ownership when telling stories about the past. This includes considering community participation, the biases and silences of the archives, and the use of art in representing the past.
Novel combined echocardiographic score comprising prognostically validated measures of left ventricular size and function to predict long‐term survival following myocardial infarction: A proposal to improve risk stratification
Authors: Prasad Sandhir B. , Chan Nicole Ivy , Krishnan Anish , Martin Paul , Stewart Peter , Mallouhi Michael , Vollbon William , Atherton John J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the primary variable utilized for prognosis following myocardial infarction (MI), it is relatively indiscriminate for survival in patients with mildly reduced (> 40%) or preserved LVEF (> 50%). Improving risk stratification in patients with mildly reduced or preserved LVEF remains an unmet need, and could be achieved by using a combination approach using prognostically validated measures of left‐ventricular (LV) size, geometry, and function.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the prognostic utility of a Combined Echo‐Score for predicting all‐cause (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM) following MI to LVEF alone, including the sub‐groups with LVEF > 40% and LVEF > 50%.MethodsRetrospective data on 3094 consecutive patients with MI from 2013 to 2021 who had inpatient echocardiography were included, including both patients with ST‐elevation MI (n = 869 [28.1%]) and non‐ST‐elevation MI (n = 2225 [71.9%]). Echo‐Score consisted of LVEF < 40% (2 points) or LVEF < 50% (1 point), and 1 point each for left atrial volume index > 34 mL/m2, septal E/eʹ > 15, abnormal LV mass‐index, tricuspid regurgitation velocity > 2.8 m/s, and abnormal LV end‐systolic volume‐index. Simple addition was used to derive a score out of 7.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 4.5 years there were 445 deaths (130 cardiac deaths). On Cox proportional‐hazards multivariable analysis incorporating significant clinical and echocardiographic predictors, Echo‐Score was an independent predictor of both ACM (HR 1.34, p < .001) and CM (HR 1.59, p < .001). Inter‐model comparisons of model 𝛘2, Harrel's C and Somer's D, and Receiver operating curves confirmed the superior prognostic value of Echo‐Score for both endpoints compared to LVEF. In the subgroups with LVEF > 40% and LVEF > 50%, Echo‐Score was similarly superior to LVEF for predicting ACM and CM.ConclusionsAn Echo‐Score composed of prognostically validated LV parameters is superior to LVEF alone for predicting survival in patients with MI, including the subgroups with mildly reduced and preserved LVEF. This could lead to improved patient risk stratification, better‐targeted therapies, and potentially more efficient use of device therapies. Further studies should be considered to define the benefit of further investigation and treatment in high‐risk subgroups.
Predictive value of disease activity signs in vitiligo: An observational study
Authors: Delbaere Liesbeth , Duponselle Jolien , Herbelet Sandrine , Speeckaert Reinhart , van Geel Nanja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe progression of vitiligo is unpredictable, emphasizing the need to identify periods of activity early for tailored treatment. Confetti‐like depigmentation, hypochromic areas/borders and Koebner's phenomenon are clinical visible signs associated with disease activity in vitiligo. However, their true clinical significance requires further investigation using standardized scoring systems. In the present study, the Vitiligo Signs of Activity Score (VSAS) and the Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VDAS) were applied to assess disease activity signs and disease progression over time, respectively. Individuals with at least one disease activity sign had a 76.9% likelihood of having active vitiligo. The simultaneous presence of multiple signs or their appearance across body locations increased the likelihood to 94% and 87.1%, respectively. Patients with no disease activity signs had a 60.3% likelihood of having stable disease. This research provides an important nuance about the disease activity signs in vitiligo, which may help guide disease management. The risk of active disease increases when at least two types of vitiligo activity signs are present, or when they are present on different body locations. However, the absence of vitiligo activity signs does not rule out active vitiligo.
Within‐family processes among safety nets, maternal parenting stress, and child behavioral problems among low‐income families: The importance of race and ethnicity
Authors: Wu Qiong , Radey Melissa , McWey Lenore , Millender Eugenia Flores 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch has long emphasized the adverse effects of poverty on children; however, within‐family processes of how safety nets offset the effects of poverty differ by race and ethnicity are unclear. Guided by the context‐sensitive family stress model, the current study investigated within‐family processes among safety nets, maternal parenting stress, and child behavioral problems among low‐income families and revealed differences in these processes among Hispanic, Black, and White mothers. Using The Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), participants included 2251 low‐income mothers and their children, repeatedly surveyed when children were 1, 3, 5, and 9 years old. Mothers reported their public and private safety nets, their parenting stress levels, and children's behavioral problems at each time point. Multilevel models revealed within‐family mediation pathways from mothers' perceived private safety net supports, maternal parenting stress, and child externalizing and internalizing problems, but only for Black, not for White or Hispanic mothers. Prospective within‐family associations were found between receiving a high number of public safety net programs and higher child externalizing problems, as well as between receiving private safety nets and higher maternal parenting stress and higher child behavioral problems. Findings were discussed in light of the context‐sensitive family stress model, with implications for theory and intervention practices.
Fatigue crack initiation site transition of high‐strength steel under very high‐cycle fatigue
Authors: Teng Xiaoyuan , Pang Jianchao , Gao Chong , Li Shouxin , Zhang Zhefeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe very high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) fractographies of high‐strength steel AISI 4340 with tensile strength ranging from 1285 to 2363 MPa fabricated by tempering were systematically observed and quantitatively analyzed. It is found that the fatigue crack initiation sites were gradually transferred from the specimen surface to the interior with increasing the tensile strength or decreasing the stress amplitude. Such phenomenon has become common rule in the high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) or VHCF regimes of high‐strength steels. Based on the fracture mechanics, a simplified transition mechanism for fatigue crack initiation sites is established in terms of the influence of applied stress amplitude and microstructure, which is beneficial to enhance our understanding on the variation of fatigue strength increasing the tensile strength.
Reciprocal transplant experiments demonstrate a dynamic coevolutionary relationship between parasitic mussel larvae and bitterling fishes
Authors: Anil Abhishek Nair , Mehdi Imane , Douda Karel , Smith Carl , Reichard Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The coevolutionary dynamic of host–parasite associations varies from strictly local adaptations to diffuse guild coevolution. How innate and acquired immune responses modulate host resistance to parasitism and how host specificity and geographic scaling affect the efficacy of host response have consequences for range dynamics and biological invasions.

Using reciprocal transplant experiments, we tested whether local or diffuse coevolution shapes host response to parasitism in the host–parasite association between bitterling fishes and larval stages (glochidia) of freshwater mussels from Europe and East Asia.

We found that glochidia initially indiscriminately attached to all study host species, but immune responses elicited significant differences in host responses within 24 h of infection, which intensified during glochidial development. European bitterlings were more resistant to European glochidia and Asian bitterlings to Asian glochidia, with the strongest geographic bias in resistance in the Asian bitterling hosts.

This finding suggests a strong effect of local adaptation but also indicates the non‐negligible role of coevolutionary hotspots. Low natural glochidia load on bitterling species overall hence arise from competent immune response rather than glochidia avoidance behaviour. Bitterling immune response is primarily innate and not acquired.

Overall, our data demonstrate the complex outcome of parasite pressure on the evolution of host resistance, and important role of geographically structured coevolution in shaping host response.
Evaluating the use of paracetamol to prevent fasting headache during the first week of Ramadan: A randomized, open‐label, clinical trial
Authors: Almohammed Omar A. , Alsanea Sary , Albishi Nouf , AlMuhareb Lamia , AlMotawa Rana , Alrasheed Sara , Alasmari Fawaz , Almutairi Faris , Assiri Mohammed A. , Alghamdi Ali , Albilali Abdulrazaq , A.ElToukhy Riham , Alwhaibi Abdulrahman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFasting headaches frequently occur during the first few days of Ramadan, and treatment is challenging because of fasting.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of extended‐release paracetamol on preventing fasting headaches.MethodsA randomized, open‐label clinical trial investigated the efficacy of extended‐release paracetamol at a daily dose of 1330 mg in preventing fasting headache. Adults aged 18 years and older were recruited through the Clinical Trial Unit at the King Saud University Medical City. The eligible participants in the study fasted 13.5 h daily during the first week of Ramadan. Participants in the treatment and control arms were followed up to investigate the occurrence, severity, and timing of headache symptoms via self‐reporting using a standardized headache diary scale with a daily online link or phone call. The primary outcome was the frequency of headache episodes while fasting during the first week of Ramadan.ResultsA total of 238 participants were enrolled and randomized. Of these, 173 followed the protocol (80 treated, 93 control) for at least the first day and were included in the analysis. Most participants were young and healthy, with a mean age of 32.2 ± 10.2 years. More men were included in the study (102/173; 59.0%), a small proportion of participants were smokers (31/173; 17.9%), and almost all participants reported being coffee drinkers (165/173; 95.4%); nonetheless, these characteristics were evenly distributed between the two groups in the study. The overall incidence of headache episodes was 33.0% (57/173) on day 1 and decreased to 11.3% (18/159) on day 7. On average over the 7 days, no significant effect was observed for the treatment on the incidence of headache, as the findings from the generalized estimating equation model indicated (β = −0.398, p = 0.084; odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–1.06). Moreover, there was initially no significant difference in the incidence of headache episodes between the treatment and control groups. However, the treatment group had significantly fewer headache episodes during fasting than the control group on day 3 (4/72 [5.6%] vs. 15/91 [16.5%], p = 0.031; relative risk [RR] = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.97) and day 6 (5/69 [7.2%] vs. 20/90 [22.2%], p = 0.010; RR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.82). No adverse effects were observed during the study period.ConclusionNo significant differences were observed in the occurrence of fasting headaches between the two groups on most days during the study period. Additional studies are required to address fasting headaches during the first week of Ramadan.
Anti‐ageing mechanism of topical bioactive ingredient composition on skin based on network pharmacology
Authors: Feifei Wang , Wenrou Su , Jinyue Sun , Qiaochu Du , Jingjing Li , Jin Liu , Junxiang Li , Xuhui Li , Xiao Lin , Congfen He 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the anti‐ageing mechanism of the combination of eight ingredients on the skin from a multidimensional view of the skin.MethodsThe target pathway mechanisms of composition to delay skin ageing were investigated by a network pharmacology approach and experimentally validated at three levels: epidermal, dermal, and tissue.ResultsWe identified 24 statistically significant skin ageing‐related pathways, encompassing crucial processes such as epidermal barrier repair, dermal collagen and elastin production, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as modulation of acetylcholine and acetylcholine receptor binding. Furthermore, our in vitro experimental findings exhibited the following outcomes: the composition promotes fibroblast proliferation and the expression of barrier‐related genes in the epidermis; it also stimulated the expression of collagen I, collagen III, and elastic fibre while inhibiting ROS and β‐Gal levels in HDF cells within the dermis. Additionally, Spilanthol in the Acmella oleracea extract contained in the composition demonstrated neuro‐relaxing activity in Zebrafish embryo, suggesting its potential as an anti‐wrinkle ingredient at the hypodermis level.ConclusionsIn vitro experiments validated the anti‐ageing mechanism of composition at multiple skin levels. This framework can be extended to unravel the functional mechanisms of other clinically validated compositions, including traditional folk recipes utilized in cosmeceuticals.
A multicentre clinical trial evaluating the outcomes of two application regimens of a unique keratin‐based graft in the treatment of Wagner grade one non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Galiano Robert D. , Glat Paul M. , Carter Marissa J. , Hanft Jason , Surprenant Maria , Isaac Adam L. , Zelen Charles M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiabetic foot complications that lead to lower extremity amputations pose a significant challenge to the entire global health system. In this multicentre clinical trial, 26 patients with chronic Wagner one diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) were treated with a unique human keratin matrix graft applied either weekly or bi‐weekly, in addition to standard of care. The hypothesis was that bi‐weekly application would be similar to weekly application. The primary endpoint was complete wound closure by 12 weeks, and secondary endpoints included healing time, percent area reduction and weekly changes in peripheral neuropathy, pain and quality of life. In the intent‐to‐treat population, 77% (10/13) of DFUs treated with bi‐weekly application healed compared with 69% (9/13) treated with weekly application. The mean time to heal within 12 weeks in the bi‐weekly group was 61 days and in the weekly group was 54 days. The mean percent area reduction at 12 weeks was 94.7% in the bi‐weekly group compared with 84.8% in the weekly group. The number of grafts used in the bi‐weekly group was 3.9 compared with 6.2 in the weekly group. The results of this trial confirm our hypothesis that whether bi‐weekly or weekly application of the unique keratin matrix graft is used to treat nonhealing indolent DFUs, there is a high rate of complete healing. Based on these results, future studies should be conducted that further investigate the use of this novel human keratin matrix graft for the treatment of chronic DFUs.
Predictors and mechanisms of self‐stigma in five chronic skin diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Stuhlmann Caroline F. Z. , Traxler Juliane , Paucke Valentina , da Silva Burger Neuza , Sommer Rachel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople with skin disease suffer due to disease‐related physical symptoms, as well as due to significant psychosocial burden. A major contributor of this burden is the experience of stigmatization. Research indicates that people with visible skin diseases deal with both social stigma and self‐stigma.ObjectiveThis systematic literature review aimed to aggregate existing research on correlates and mechanisms that contribute to self‐stigmatization among people with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia areata or hidradenitis suppurativa and to, ultimately, identify targets for psychosocial interventions.MethodsThe review followed PRISMA guidelines. Four databases, PubMed, OVID, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched for peer‐reviewed articles. Studies were identified by two independent researchers and were eligible if they (1) assessed adults with one of five chronic skin diseases—atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia areata or hidradenitis suppurativa, (2) measured self‐stigma or relevant synonyms, (3) evaluated psychosocial correlates, predictors or explanatory mechanisms of self‐stigma and (4) were published in German or English in a peer‐reviewed journal. The Johanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies was used to evaluate the quality of studies.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies were included with a mean quality rating of 7.04 (out of 8). Social stigma, coping strategies (such as lack of acceptance) and lack of social support were identified as main predictors of self‐stigma. Although study quality was good, all but one study had a cross‐sectional design that does not allow examining causal relationships among the determinants of self‐stigma.ConclusionsFindings from the present review revealed several psychosocial variables that are malleable and potentially suitable as intervention targets. Those variables such as acceptance should be targeted in evidence‐based interventions specifically developed to reduce self‐stigma to, ultimately, improve mental health of people affected.
Ectopic thyroid adenoma diagnosed in a Senegal seabream (Diplodus bellottii, Steindachner 1882): Towards an accurate diagnosis
Authors: da Silva Gabriela Fernandes , Faria Fátima , Gil Fátima , Leitão Nuno , Ribeiro Paulo , Pinello Katia , Niza‐Ribeiro João , Amorim Irina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThyroid tissue in teleosts is located mainly in the pharyngeal region, usually reaching other adjacent anatomical locations. Herein, a nodular lesion located in the left operculum of a Senegal seabream (Diplodus bellottii) was surgically excised and sent for microscopical evaluation. Microscopically, the lesion presented irregular borders and consisted in columnar epithelial cells arranged in a tubulopapillary pattern, surrounding a central lumen filled with acellular, acidophilic and homogeneous, material (‘colloid’). To determine the lesion's histogenesis, immunohistochemistry was performed employing antibodies for AE1/AE3, CK7, thyroglobulin and vimentin. The neoplastic cells presented low mitotic index and positive immunolabelling for CK7 and thyroglobulin. Therefore, a diagnosis of ectopic thyroid adenoma was made. Herein, the successful employment of antibodies classically used in mammals for accurate diagnosis of thyroid disorders is described. Proliferation of thyroid tissue in fish may reflect environmental and physiological imbalances, making the study and correct diagnosis of these tumours in this species important.