bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving and Predicting Fluid Atomization via Hysteresis‐Free Thickness Vibration of Lithium Niobate
Authors: Collignon Sean , Manor Ofer , Friend James 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAcoustically driven atomization from the broad perspective of materials choice, vibration mode, and fluid characteristics is considered to identify a simple method for improving both the understanding of the atomization phenomena and the overall efficiency of atomization. Whether by the definition of a “figure of merit” (a function of the transducer quality factor and electromechanical coupling coefficient), its output vibration displacement at a given input power, or the fluid flow rate during atomization, it is found that the combination of single‐crystal 127.86° Y‐rotated lithium niobate and thickness‐mode vibration produces an order of magnitude greater atomization flow rate and efficiency in comparison to all known atomizers, including classic lead zirconate‐based devices and newer, Rayleigh wave or Rayleigh/Lamb spurious‐mode‐based devices alike. By using this improved approach, for the first time, fluids with viscosities up to 48 cP are reported to be atomized, and an atomization Reynolds number ReA is defined which can be used to both predict the atomization flow rate for ReA ≳ 40 and the inability to atomize a given fluid at a particular vibration amplitude when ReA ≲ 40.
Simultaneously Achieved High Open‐Circuit Voltage and Efficient Charge Generation by Fine‐Tuning Charge‐Transfer Driving Force in Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Ailing , Xiao Bo , Wang Yuming , Gao Feng , Tajima Keisuke , Bin Haijun , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Li Yongfang , Wei Zhixiang , Zhou Erjun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo maximize the short‐circuit current density (JSC) and the open circuit voltage (VOC) simultaneously is a highly important but challenging issue in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a benzotriazole‐based p‐type polymer (J61) and three benzotriazole‐based nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (BTA1‐3) are chosen to investigate the energetic driving force for the efficient charge transfer. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of small molecule acceptors can be fine‐tuned by modifying the end‐capping units, leading to high VOC (1.15–1.30 V) of OSCs. Particularly, the LUMO energy level of BTA3 satisfies the criteria for efficient charge generation, which results in a high VOC of 1.15 V, nearly 65% external quantum efficiency, and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.25%. This is one of the highest VOC in the high‐performance OSCs reported to date. The results imply that it is promising to achieve both high JSC and VOC to realize high PCE with the carefully designed nonfullerene acceptors.
Self‐Powered Noncontact Electronic Skin for Motion Sensing
Authors: Wu Hanxiang , Su Zongming , Shi Mayue , Miao Liming , Song Yu , Chen Haotian , Han Mengdi , Zhang Haixia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe advancement of electronic skin envisions novel multifunctional human machine interfaces. Although motion sensing by detecting contact locations is popular and widely used in state‐of‐the‐art flexible electronics, noncontact localization exerts fascinations with unique interacting experiences. This paper presents a self‐powered noncontact electronic skin capable of detecting the motion of a surface electrified object across the plane parallel to that of the electronic skin based on electrostatic induction and triboelectric effects. The displacement of the object is calculated under the system of polar coordinates, with a resolution of 1.5 mm in the lengthwise direction and 0.76° in the angular direction. It can serve as a human machine interface due to its ability to sense noncontact motions. An additional self‐powered feature, enabled by its physical principles, solves the problem of power supply. This electronic skin consists of trilayers of polyethyleneterephthalate–indium tin oxide–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, and microstructured PDMS as the electrified layer, which can be achieved through simplified, low cost, and scalable fabrication. Transparency, flexibility, and less number of electrodes enable such electronic skin to be easily integrated into portable electronic devices, such as laptops, smart phones, healthcare devices, etc.
Malonitrile‐Functionalized Tetraphenylpyrazine: Aggregation‐Induced Emission, Ratiometric Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide, and Mechanochromism
Authors: Chen Ming , Chen Rui , Shi Yang , Wang Jianguo , Cheng Yanhua , Li Ying , Gao Xuedong , Yan Yun , Sun Jing Zhi , Qin Anjun , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDevelopment of new aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens has been a hot research topic because they thoroughly solve the notorious aggregation‐caused quenching effect confronted in conventional fluorogens and their promising applications in, for example, organic light‐emitting diodes, chemo‐ and biosensors and bioimaging. Many AIE luminogens (AIEgens) have been prepared but most of them are silole, tetraphenylethene, distyrylanthracene, and their derivatives. In this work, based on the skeleton of tetraphenylpyrazine (TPP), a new AIEgen, named TPP‐PDCV, is generated by functionalizing TPP with malonitrile group. TPP‐PDCV can serve as a sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen sulfide with high speciality and low detection limit of down to 0.5 × 10−6m. The mechanism for such detection is fully investigated and deciphered. Unlike most reported mechanochromic AIEgens, which undergo turn‐off or ‐on emission or emission bathochromic shift in the presence of external stimuli, TPP‐PDCV exhibits an abnormal and reversible mechanochromism with hypsochromic effect. These indicate that TPP‐PDCV possesses a huge potential for high‐tech applications through rational modification of TPP core.
Porphyrin/SiO2/Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl Hybrid Nanoparticles Mimicking Chloroplast with Enhanced Electronic Energy Transfer for Biocatalyzed Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Ji Xiaoyuan , Wang Jie , Mei Lin , Tao Wei , Barrett Austin , Su Zhiguo , Wang Shaomin , Ma Guanghui , Shi Jinjun , Zhang Songping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA biocatalyzed artificial photosynthesis system (APS) based on porphyrin/SiO2/Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl hybrid nanoparticles (TCPP/SiO2/Rh HNPs) to mimic chloroplasts in green plant is reported. The TCPP/SiO2/Rh HNPs are fabricated via sol–gel reaction of silica precursors functionalized with photosensitizer (porphyrin, TCPP) and electron mediator (Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl, M); while the integration of enzyme and coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)(H), on the outer surface of the HNPs is achieved through electrostatic‐interaction‐driven assembling under the entanglement of a negatively charged polyelectrolyte. The chloroplast‐mimicking, highly integrated APS exhibits remarkably superior performance over a free system such that the regeneration of NADH is improved from 11% to 75%, and the synthesis of formic acid from CO2 increased from 15 to 100 µmol. Based on the detailed investigations into the photochemical and electrochemical properties, it is speculated that the covalent linking of the photosensitizer and electron mediator via silicon hydride bonds, and the formed SiO2 network through sol–gel reaction, may form intramolecular and intermolecular electron transfer chains to direct more efficient electron transfer from TCPP to M. Such intramolecular and intermolecular electrons and energy transfer, cooperated with the integrated biocatalytic process, lead to the significantly enhanced overall reaction efficiency. Moreover, the integrated APS also allows facile recycling of expensive M, enzymes, and cofactors.
Evaluating the Role of Nanostructured Current Collectors in Energy Storage Capability of Supercapacitor Electrodes with Thick Electroactive Materials Layers
Authors: Liu Long , Zhao Huaping , Wang Yi , Fang Yaoguo , Xie Jiale , Lei Yong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractElectroactive materials (especially pseudocapacitive materials) are generally in the form of ultrathin conformal coating in supercapacitor electrodes based on nanostructured current collectors; thus, the resultant low mass loading of electroactive materials largely limits the applications of nanostructured current collectors. Here, supercapacitor electrodes with nickel nanorod arrays as nanostructured current collectors and MnO2 as electroactive materials are fabricated to study the role of nanostructured current collectors in determining the energy storage capability when electroactive materials are in thick layer rather than ultrathin conformal coating. Electrochemical analysis reveals that Ni nanorods could create numerous electrical conductive tunnels in the thick‐layer electrodes to dramatically alleviate the contact resistance at the electroactive‐material/current‐collector interface. With 1 µm thick MnO2 layer, the Ni nanorods based electrodes have much higher areal capacitance than those with Ni foils as current collectors, which is more than six times of that with the same MnO2 mass loading or more than 18 times of that with the same 1 µm thick MnO2 layer. Moreover, better rate capability and higher structural stability is maintained in Ni nanorods based electrodes even with 3 µm thick MnO2 layer. These results open up new opportunities for nanostructured current collectors to construct supercapacitors with superior energy storage capability.
Carbon Nanotube–Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrid Films for Flavoenzyme‐Catalyzed Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Son Eun Jin , Lee Sahng Ha , Kuk Su Keun , Pesic Milja , Choi Da Som , Ko Jong Wan , Kim Kayoung , Hollmann Frank , Park Chan Beum 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn green plants, solar‐powered electrons are transferred through sophistically arranged photosystems and are subsequently channelled into the Calvin cycle to generate chemical energy. Inspired by the natural photosynthetic scheme, a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) is constructed configured with protonated graphitic carbon nitride (p‐g‐C3N4) and carbon nanotube hybrid (CNT/p‐g‐C3N4) film cathode, and FeOOH‐deposited bismuth vanadate (FeOOH/BiVO4) photoanode for the production of industrially useful chiral alkanes using an old yellow enzyme homologue from Thermus scotoductus (TsOYE). In the biocatalytic PEC platform, photoexcited electrons provided by the FeOOH/BiVO4 photoanode are transferred to the robust and self‐standing CNT/p‐g‐C3N4 hybrid film that electrocatalytically reduces flavin mononucleotide (FMN) mediator. The p‐g‐C3N4 promotes a two‐electron reduction of FMN coupled with an accelerated electron transfer by the conductive CNT network. The reduced FMN subsequently delivers the electrons to TsOYE for the highly enantioselective conversion of ketoisophorone to (R)‐levodione. Under light illumination (>420 nm) and external bias, (R)‐levodione is synthesized with the enantiomeric excess value of above 83%, not influenced by the scale of applied bias, simultaneously exhibiting stable and high current efficiency. The results suggest that the biocatalytic PEC made up of economical materials can selectively synthesize high‐value organic chemicals using water as an electron donor.
Highly Efficient Gating of Electrically Actuated Nanochannels for Pulsatile Drug Delivery Stemming from a Reversible Wettability Switch
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Kang Jianxin , Xie Zhiqiang , Diao Xungang , Liu Zhaoyue , Zhai Jin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany ion channels in the cell membrane are believed to function as gates that control the water and ion flow through the transitions between an inherent hydrophobic state and a stimuli‐induced hydration state. The construction of nanofluidic gating systems with high gating efficiency and reversibility is inspired by this hydrophobic gating behavior. A kind of electrically actuated nanochannel is developed by integrating a polypyrrole (PPy) micro/nanoporous film doped with perfluorooctanesulfonate ions onto an anodic aluminum oxide nanoporous membrane. Stemming from the reversible wettability switch of the doped PPy film in response to the applied redox potentials, the nanochannels exhibit highly efficient and reversible gating behaviors. The optimized gating ratio is over 105, which is an ultrahigh value when compared with that of the existing reversibly gated nanochannels with comparable pore diameters. Furthermore, the gating behavior of the electrically actuated nanochannels shows excellent repeatability and stability. Based on this highly efficient and reversible gating function, the electrically actuated nanochannels are further applied for drug delivery, which achieves the pulsatile release of two water‐soluble drug models. The electrically actuated nanochannels may find potential applications in accurate and on‐demand drug therapy.
Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Exceptionally High Working Capacities for Adsorption Heat Transformation
Authors: Mo Zong‐Wen , Zhou Hao‐Long , Zhou Dong‐Dong , Lin Rui‐Biao , Liao Pei‐Qin , He Chun‐Ting , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Jie‐Peng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPore size is one of the most important parameters of adsorbents, and mesoporous materials have received intense attention for large guests. Here, a series of mesoporous coordination polymers underlying a new framework prototype for fast expansion of pore size is reported and the profound effect of pore size on adsorption heat transformation is demonstrated. Three isostructural honeycomb‐like frameworks are designed and synthesized by combining ditopic linear metal oxalate chains and triangular tris‐pyridine ligands. Changing the ligand bridging length from 5.5 to 8.6 and 9.9 Å gives rise to effective pore diameter from 20 to 33 and 37 Å, surface area from 2096 to 2630 and 2749 m2 g−1, and pore volume from 1.19 to 1.93 and 2.36 cm3 g−1, respectively. By virtue of the unique and tunable isotherm shape of mesopores, exceptionally large working capacity up to 1.19 g g−1 or 0.38 g cm−3 for adsorption heat transformation can be achieved using R‐134a (1,1,1,2‐tetrafluroethane) as a working fluid.
Bioinspired Flexible and Tough Layered Peptide Crystals
Authors: Adler‐Abramovich Lihi , Arnon Zohar A. , Sui XiaoMeng , Azuri Ido , Cohen Hadar , Hod Oded , Kronik Leeor , Shimon Linda J. W. , Wagner H. Daniel , Gazit Ehud 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOne major challenge of functional material fabrication is combining flexibility, strength, and toughness. In several biological and artificial systems, these desired mechanical properties are achieved by hierarchical architectures and various forms of anisotropy, as found in bones and nacre. Here, it is reported that crystals of N‐capped diphenylalanine, one of the most studied self‐assembling systems in nanotechnology, exhibit well‐ordered packing and diffraction of sub‐Å resolution, yet display an exceptionally flexible nature. To explore this flexibility, the mechanical properties of individual crystals are evaluated, assisted by density functional theory calculations. High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy reveals that the crystals are composed of layered self‐assembled structures. The observed combination of strength, toughness, and flexibility can therefore be explained in terms of weak interactions between rigid layers. These crystals represent a novel class of self‐assembled layered materials, which can be utilized for various technological applications, where a combination of usually contradictory mechanical properties is desired.
Highly Conductive, Light Weight, Robust, Corrosion‐Resistant, Scalable, All‐Fiber Based Current Collectors for Aqueous Acidic Batteries
Authors: Luo Wei , Hayden John , Jang Soo‐Hwan , Wang Yilin , Zhang Ying , Kuang Yudi , Wang Yanbin , Zhou Yubing , Rubloff Gary W. , Lin Chuan‐Fu , Hu Liangbing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are integral parts of modern technology, but can raise safety concerns because of their flammable organic electrolytes with low flash points. Aqueous electrolytes can be used in LIBs to overcome the safety issues that come with organic electrolytes while avoiding poor kinetics associated with solid state electrolytes. Despite advances in aqueous electrolytes, current collectors for aqueous battery systems have been neglected. Current collectors used in today's aqueous battery systems are usually metal‐based materials, which are heavy, expensive, bulky, and prone to corrosion after prolonged use. Here, a carbon nanotube (CNT)–cellulose nanofiber (CNF) all‐fiber composite is developed that takes advantage of the high conductivity of CNT while achieving high mechanical strength through the interaction between CNT and CNF. By optimizing the CNT/CNF weight ratio, this all‐fiber current collector can be made very thin while maintaining high conductivity (≈700 S cm−1) and strength (>60 MPa), making it an ideal replacement for heavy metal current collectors in aqueous battery systems.
High Efficiency (>17%) Si‐Organic Hybrid Solar Cells by Simultaneous Structural, Electrical, and Interfacial Engineering via Low‐Temperature Processes
Authors: Yoon Sung‐Soo , Khang Dahl‐Young 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHighly efficient organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells of Si‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) have been demonstrated by simultaneous structural, electrical, and interfacial engineering with low processing temperature. Si substrate has been sculpted into hierarchical structure to reduce light reflection loss and increase interfacial junction area at the same time. Regarding the electrical optimization, highly conductive organic PEDOT:PSS layer has been formulated with low sheet resistance. It is argued that the sheet resistance, rather than conductivity, is the primary parameter for the high efficiency hybrid cells, which leads to the optimization of thickness, i.e., thick enough to have low sheet resistance but transparent enough to pass the incident sunlight. Finally, siloxane oligomers have been inserted into top/bottom interfaces by contact‐printing at room ambient, which suppresses carrier recombination at interfaces and reduces contact resistance at bottom electrode. Contrary to high‐temperature doping (for the formation of front surface or back surface fields), wet solution processes or vacuum‐based deposition, the contact‐printing can be done at room ambient to reduce carrier recombination at the interfaces. The high efficiency obtained with low processing temperature can make this type of cells be a possible candidate for post‐Si photovoltaics.
Electroluminescence Caused by the Transport of Interacting Electrons through Parallel Quantum Dots in a Photon Cavity
Authors: Gudmundsson Vidar , Abdulla Nzar Rauf , Sitek Anna , Goan Hsi‐Sheng , Tang Chi‐Shung , Manolescu Andrei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe show that a Rabi‐splitting of the states of strongly interacting electrons in parallel quantum dots embedded in a short quantum wire placed in a photon cavity can be produced by either the para‐ or the dia‐magnetic electron‐photon interactions when the geometry of the system is properly accounted for and the photon field is tuned close to a resonance with the electron system. We use these two resonances to explore the electroluminescence caused by the transport of electrons through the one‐ and two‐electron ground states of the system and their corresponding conventional and vacuum electroluminescense as the central system is opened up by coupling it to external leads acting as electron reservoirs. Our analysis indicates that high‐order electron‐photon processes are necessary to adequately construct the cavity‐photon dressed electron states needed to describe both types of electroluminescence.
Integration of Plasmonic Effects and Schottky Junctions into Metal–Organic Framework Composites: Steering Charge Flow for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Xiao Juan‐Ding , Han Lili , Luo Jun , Yu Shu‐Hong , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA wide range of light absorption and rapid electron–hole separation are desired for efficient photocatalysis. Herein, on the basis of a semiconductor‐like metal–organic framework (MOF), a Pt@MOF/Au catalyst with two types of metal–MOF interfaces integrates the surface plasmon resonance excitation of Au nanorods with a Pt‐MOF Schottky junction, which not only extends the light absorption of the MOF from the UV to the visible region but also greatly accelerates charge transfer. The spatial separation of Pt and Au particles by the MOF further steers the formation of charge flow and expedites the charge migration. As a result, the Pt@MOF/Au presents an exceptionally high photocatalytic H2 production rate by water splitting under visible light irradiation, far superior to Pt/MOF/Au, MOF/Au and other counterparts with similar Pt or Au contents, highlighting the important role of each component and the Pt location in the catalyst.
Microemulsions, Micelles, and Functional Gels: How Colloids and Soft Matter Preserve Works of Art
Authors: Chelazzi David , Giorgi Rodorico , Baglioni Piero 
Published: December 2017

AbstractColloid science provides fundamental knowledge to fields such as the pharmaceutical, detergency, paint, and food industry. An exciting application is art conservation, which poses a challenge owing to the complex range of interfacial interactions involved in restoring artefacts. Currently, the majority of the most performing and environmentally safe cleaning and consolidation agents for artworks belong to soft matter and colloids. The development and application of increasingly complex systems, from microemulsions to semi‐interpenetrating hydrogels containing such fluids, is presented. These systems have been used on diverse artefacts, from Renaissance frescos to works by Picasso and Pollock. Chemical design can be implemented to meet the requirements of curators, and knowledge of the colloid structure and dynamics can overcome serendipitous approaches of traditional conservation practice. Future perspectives for soft matter and colloid science in the field of cultural heritage preservation are also summarized.
Photocontrolled Release of Chemicals from Nano‐ and Microparticle Containers
Authors: Englert Christoph , Nischang Ivo , Bader Cornelia , Borchers Philipp , Alex Julien , Pröhl Michael , Hentschel Martin , Hartlieb Matthias , Traeger Anja , Pohnert Georg , Schubert Stephanie , Gottschaldt Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA benzoin‐derived diol linker was synthesized and used to generate biocompatible polyesters that can be fully decomposed on demand upon UV irradiation. Extensive structural optimization of the linker unit was performed to enable the defined encapsulation of diverse organic compounds in the polymeric structures and allow for a well‐controllable polymer cleavage process. Selective tracking of the release kinetics of encapsulated model compounds from the polymeric nano‐ and microparticle containers was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy in a proof‐of‐principle study. The physicochemical properties of the incorporated and released model compounds ranged from fully hydrophilic to fully hydrophobic. The demonstrated biocompatibility of the utilized polyesters and degradation products enables their use in advanced applications, for example, for the smart packaging of UV‐sensitive pharmaceuticals, nutritional components, or even in the area of spatially selective self‐healing processes.