bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indocyanine green videoangiography‐assisted prediction of flap necrosis in the rat epigastric flap using the flow® 800 tool
Authors: Mücke Thomas , Fichter Andreas M. , Schmidt Leonard H. , Mitchell David A. , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Ritschl Lucas M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe decision to re‐operate on a potentially ischemic free flap remains challenging. Indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG) with the FLOW® 800 tool is a method which allows an immediate qualitative conclusion about the patency of an anastomosis. Is it also able to predict the outcome of potentially compromised vascular free flaps?Materials and MethodsAn epigastric flap was raised and repositioned in 79 rats. Intraoperative fluorescence angiography was performed using ICG videoangiography and the FLOW® 800 tool was applied. Six regions of interest were positioned systematically over the flap, changes of the ICG fluorescence were color coded with respect to time and 474 measurements were performed. The flap was clinically monitored for one week and the resulting necrotic areas were correlated with the ICG/FLOW® 800 results.ResultsMean intensity of clinically vital areas was 83.39 ± 50.96 arbitrary units (AU) and 37.33 ± 15.14 AU in necrotic areas. The receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden‐Index analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff for the maximal intensity of ICG after FLOW® 800 analysis was ≤ 61.733 for the prediction of flap necrosis and > 61.733 for the prediction of flap survival (P < 0.0001; 95% CI = 0.85–0.91; Youden‐Index: 0.67). The maximal intensity of ICG angiography had a specificity of 96.1% and sensitivity of 71.4%. The positive predictive value was 97.46% and the corresponding negative predictive value was 61.34%.ConclusionThis demonstrates the potential additional value of ICG videoangiography including FLOW® 800 analyses in the postoperative monitoring of transplanted flaps. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:235–242, 2017.
Explicit integration of a porosity‐dependent hydro‐mechanical model for unsaturated soils
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhou Annan 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAn adaptive substepping explicit integration scheme is developed for a porosity‐dependent hydro‐mechanical model for unsaturated soils. The model is referred to as the modified σ–Θ model in this paper, which features the employment of the subloading surface plasticity and the stress–saturation approach. On numerical aspects, convex/nonconvex subloading surfaces in the σ–Θ space may result in incorrect loading–unloading decisions during the integration. A new loading–unloading decision method is developed here to solve the problem and then embedded into the explicit integration scheme for the modified σ–Θ model. In addition, to enhance the accuracy of the explicit integration, local errors from both hydraulic and mechanical components are included in the error control for each substep. A drift correction method is also developed to ensure the state point lies on the subloading surface in the σ–Θ space within a set error level. The performance of the loading–unloading decision method for the modified σ–Θ model is discussed through comparing it with the conventional loading–unloading decision method. The importance of involving the hydraulic component in the error control is also demonstrated. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed adaptive substepping explicit integration scheme for the modified p–Θ model are also studied via several numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole body MRI (WB‐MRI) assessment of metastatic spread in prostate cancer: Therapeutic perspectives on targeted management of oligometastatic disease
Authors: Larbi Ahmed , Dallaudière Benjamin , Pasoglou Vasiliki , Padhani Anwar , Michoux Nicolas , Vande Berg Bruno C. , Tombal Bertrand , Lecouvet Frédéric E. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVESTo determine the proportion of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with oligometastatic disease (≤3 synchronous lesions) using whole body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion‐weighted imaging (WB‐MRI/DWI). To determine the proportion of patients with nodal disease confined within currently accepted target areas for extended lymph node dissection (eLND) and pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwo radiologists reviewed WB‐MRI/DWI studies in 96 consecutive newly diagnosed metastatic PCa patients; 46 patients with newly diagnosed castration naive PCa (mHNPC) and 50 patients with first appearance of metastasis during monitoring for non‐metastatic castration resistant PCa (M0 to mCRPC). The distribution of metastatic deposits was assessed and the proportions of patients with oligometastatic disease and with LN metastases located within eLND and EBRT targets were determined.RESULTSTwenty‐eight percent of mHNPC and 50% of mCPRC entered the metastatic disease with ≤3 sites. Bone metastases (BM) were identified in 68.8% patients; 71.7% of mHNPC and 66% mCRPC patients. Most commonly involved areas were iliac bones and lumbar spine. Enlarged lymph nodes (LN) were detected in 68.7% of patients; 69.6% of mHNPC and 68.0% of mCRPC. Most commonly involved areas were para‐aortic, inter‐aortico‐cava, and external iliac areas. BM and LN were detected concomitantly in 41% of mHNPC and 34% of mCRPC. Visceral metastases were detected in 6.7%. Metastatic disease was confined to LN located within the accepted boundaries of eLND or pelvic EBRT target areas in only ≤25% and ≤30% of patients, respectively.CONCLUSIONSNon‐invasive mapping of metastatic landing sites in PCa using WB‐MRI/DWI shows that 28% of the mHNPC patients, and 52% of the mCRPC can be classified as oligometastatic, thus challenging the concept of metastatic targeted therapy. More than two thirds of metastatic patients have LN located outside the usually recommended targets of eLND and pelvic EBRT. Prophylactic or salvage treatments of these sole areas in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer may not prevent the emergence of subsequent metastases. Prostate 76:1024–1033, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technical Standards for Nursing Education Programs in the 21st Century
Authors: Ailey Sarah H. , Marks Beth 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The Institute of Medicine (2000, 2002) exposed serious safety problems in the health system and called for total qualitative system change. The Institute of Medicine (2011, 2015) also calls for improving the education of nurses to provide leadership for a redesigned health system. Intertwined with improving education is the need to recruit and retain diverse highly qualified students. Disability is part of diversity inclusion, but current technical standards (nonacademic requirements) for admission to many nursing programs are a barrier to the entry of persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation nurse leaders are in a unique position to improve disability diversity in nursing. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of disability diversity in nursing.

Design:
The history of existing technical standards used in many nursing programs is reviewed along with examples.

Methods:
On the basis of the concept that disability inclusion is a part of diversity inclusion, we propose a new model of technical standards for nursing education.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:
Rehabilitation nurse leaders can lead in eliminating barriers to persons with disabilities entering nursing.
Skeletal muscle fiber type: using insights from muscle developmental biology to dissect targets for susceptibility and resistance to muscle disease
Authors: Talbot Jared , Maves Lisa 
Published: May 2016

Skeletal muscle fibers are classified into fiber types, in particular, slow twitch versus fast twitch. Muscle fiber types are generally defined by the particular myosin heavy chain isoforms that they express, but many other components contribute to a fiber's physiological characteristics. Skeletal muscle fiber type can have a profound impact on muscle diseases, including certain muscular dystrophies and sarcopenia, the aging‐induced loss of muscle mass and strength. These findings suggest that some muscle diseases may be treated by shifting fiber type characteristics either from slow to fast, or fast to slow phenotypes, depending on the disease. Recent studies have begun to address which components of muscle fiber types mediate their susceptibility or resistance to muscle disease. However, for many diseases it remains largely unclear why certain fiber types are affected. A substantial body of work has revealed molecular pathways that regulate muscle fiber type plasticity and early developmental muscle fiber identity. For instance, recent studies have revealed many factors that regulate muscle fiber type through modulating the activity of the muscle regulatory transcription factor MYOD1. Future studies of muscle fiber type development in animal models will continue to enhance our understanding of factors and pathways that may provide therapeutic targets to treat muscle diseases. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:518–534. doi: 10.1002/wdev.230This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
The lattice‐based approaches for mining association rules: a review
Authors: Le Tuong , Vo Bay 
Published: May 2016

The traditional methods for mining association rules (ARs) include two phrases: mining frequent itemsets (FIs)/frequent closed itemsets (FCIs)/frequent maximal itemsets (FMIs) and generating ARs from FIs/FCIs/FMIs. Lattice‐based approaches (LBAs) for mining ARs are new approaches including two phrases: frequent itemset lattice (FIL)/frequent closed itemset lattice (FCIL) building and generating ARs from the lattice. Total mining time of LBAs for mining ARs outperforms the traditional methods for mining ARs. Besides, the most important advantage of LBAs for mining ARs is that the algorithms only build the lattice once and mine ARs with many different confidences or many different minimum supports (the thresholds have to be greater than or equal to the threshold used to build lattices) without mining FIs/FCIs again. In this article, we describe a number of existing LBAs for mining ARs on static databases including lattice building and rule generation. In addition, in today's online system, the data often change in several operations such as insert, delete, and update. Hence, a number of LBAs for mining ARs on dynamic databases are mentioned. Finally, complexity analysis of the LBAs for mining ARs is also thoroughly discussed. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2016, 6:140–151. doi: 10.1002/widm.1181This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
RNA‐Seq methods for transcriptome analysis
Authors: Hrdlickova Radmila , Toloue Masoud , Tian Bin 
Published: May 2016

Deep sequencing has been revolutionizing biology and medicine in recent years, providing single base‐level precision for our understanding of nucleic acid sequences in high throughput fashion. Sequencing of RNA, or RNA‐Seq, is now a common method to analyze gene expression and to uncover novel RNA species. Aspects of RNA biogenesis and metabolism can be interrogated with specialized methods for cDNA library preparation. In this study, we review current RNA‐Seq methods for general analysis of gene expression and several specific applications, including isoform and gene fusion detection, digital gene expression profiling, targeted sequencing and single‐cell analysis. In addition, we discuss approaches to examine aspects of RNA in the cell, technical challenges of existing RNA‐Seq methods, and future directions. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1364. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1364This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > Ribonomics
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
A Positive Node on Ultrasound‐Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Predicts Higher Nodal Burden Than a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Boland M. R. , Ni Cearbhaill R. , Fitzpatrick K. , Walsh S. M. , Evoy D. , Geraghty J. , Rothwell J. , McNally S. , O’Doherty A. , Quinn C. M. , McDermott E. W. , Prichard R. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionAxillary status remains an important prognostic indicator in breast cancer. Certain patients with a positive sentinel node (SLNB) may not benefit from axillary clearance (AC). Uncertainty remains if this approach could be applied to patients diagnosed with axillary metastases on ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USFNAC). The aim of this study was to compare nodal burden in patients with positive USFNAC and a positive SLNB.MethodsA retrospective study was performed involving all BC patients between 2007 and 2014 who had either pre‐operative USFNAC or a SLNB. Patient/tumour characteristics and nodal burden were examined in all patients proceeding to AC.Results974 patients were eligible for analysis. 439 patients (45 %) had positive USFNAC and 535 (55 %) had a positive SLNB. USFNAC‐positive patients were more likely to undergo mastectomy (Chi‐square test; p < 0.001), have extra‐nodal extension (p < 0.001), be oestrogen receptor negative (p < 0.001) and be HER2 positive (p < 0.001). The median total number of lymph nodes (LNs) excised during AC was higher in the USFNAC group (Mann–Whitney test; 23 vs. 21; p < 0.001). The median total number of involved LNs was 3 (range 1–47) in FNAC‐positive patients versus 1 (range 1–37) in SLNB‐positive patients (p < 0.001). The median number of involved LNs in level 1 was 3 in FNAC‐positive patients versus 1 in SLNB‐positive patients (p < 0.001). Within the SLN‐positive group, 49 % of the patients had only one involved LN, 28 % had two nodes involved and 23 % had ≥3. In comparison, within the FNAC‐positive group only 13 % of the patients had one involved LN, 12 % had two nodes involved and 74 % had ≥3.ConclusionPatients with positive USFNAC have more aggressive clinico‐pathological characteristics and higher nodal burden compared to SLNB‐positive patients. Currently, the authors advocate that patients not receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with a positive USFNAC, should proceed directly to an axillary ALND.
Myristic Acid Enhances Diacylglycerol Kinase δ‐Dependent Glucose Uptake in Myotubes
Authors: Wada Yuko , Sakiyama Shizuka , Sakai Hiromichi , Sakane Fumio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDecreased expression of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) δ in skeletal muscles attenuates glucose uptake and is closely related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, up‐regulation of DGKδ expression is thought to protect and improve glucose homoeostasis in type 2 diabetes. We recently determined that myristic acid (14:0), but not palmitic (16:0) or stearic (18:0) acid, significantly increased DGKδ2 protein expression in mouse C2C12 myotubes. In the current study, we analyzed whether myristic acid indeed enhances glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. We observed that myristic acid caused ~1.4‐fold increase in insulin‐independent glucose uptake. However, palmitic and stearic acids failed to enhance glucose uptake. DGKδ‐specific siRNA decreased myristic acid‐dependent increase of glucose uptake. Moreover, overexpression of DGKδ2 enhanced glucose uptake in C2C12 cells in the absence of myristic acid treatment. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that myristic acid enhances basal glucose uptake in myotubes in a DGKδ2 expression‐dependent manner.
The importance of EHD1 in neurite outgrowth contributing to the functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Wu Chunshuai , Cui Zhiming , Liu Yonghua , Zhang Jinlong , Ding Wensen , Wang Song , Bao Guofeng , Xu Guanhua , Sun Yuyu , Chen Jiajia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury is one of the most common and severe problems for using NGF to promote the neurite outgrowth of survival neurons. EHD1 regulates and controls the endocytosis and transportation of neurotrophins and transmembrane cargo via recycling endosome for neurite outgrowth. TrkA is particularly considered to be a functional specific recepter in the cell membrane for NGF and is activated upon NGF binding. The transcytosis of TrkA is dependent on Rab11 recycling endosomes and is promoted by NGF signaling itself at the axon terminal. In this study, we established an acute spinal cord contusion injury model in adult rats to investigate the potential role of EHD1 during the pathological process of SCI. Western blot analysis suggested that EHD1 expression was low in the sham‐operated adult rat spinal cords and was significantly up‐regulated 1d after injury. Immunohistochemical staining detected the general distribution of EHD1 protein in both the gray and white matter of adult rat spinal cords. Double immunofluorescent staining indicated that EHD1 was expressed in neurons, astrocytes and microglias in the adult rat spinal cord, and obvious changes of EHD1 expression occurred in neurons during SCI pathological process. Significant up‐regulation of EHD1 expression was observed in MAP2 positive neurons at 1 day after SCI, in comparison with the sham‐operated control, which indicated that EHD1 might play a vital role in neurite outgrowth. Our data indicated that EHD1 could interact with TrkA, and is in the upstream of TrkA. EHD1 up‐regulated the expression of TrkA in the glutamate stimulated primary neurons. Based on our experimental data, we boldly conclude that EHD1 regulates the recycling of TrkA back to cell membrane, improving the utilization efficiency of the NGF, which is vital for neurite outgrowth and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
Who issues Sukuk and when?: An analysis of the determinants of Islamic bond issuance
Authors: Nagano Mamoru 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing security issuer data from Malaysia, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates from the 2001–2013 period, this study investigates how Islamic bond (Sukuk) issuers differ from conventional debt and equity issuers. An international comparative analysis of these three types of security issuers yields three key insights. First, accessibility to the Sukuk market is essential in choosing Sukuk issuance; other determinants will not promote the use of Sukuk, unless this requirement is first satisfied. Second, the low degree of financial constraints on a firm promotes Sukuk issuance, once the required condition of issuer accessibility to the Sukuk market is satisfied. Third, undervaluation of a firm in the pre‐issuance period also encourages Sukuk issuance, once the issuer's Sukuk market accessibility condition is satisfied. Taken together, we conclude that Sukuk issuance is preferred along with market timing, once the pecking‐order conditions of market accessibility are satisfied.
Commitment to the Team
Authors: McLaughlin Bryan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Scholars have increasingly employed social identity theory to explain how and why political polarization occurs. This study aims to build off of this work by proposing that perception of intergroup conflict serves as a mechanism that mediates the effect of news media coverage on political polarization. Specifically, I argue that the news media’s emphasis on political animosity can cultivate partisans’ perception that the parties are in conflict, which provides a context that makes partisan identity salient and, ultimately, leads to higher levels of affective and ideological polarization. This hypothesis is tested with an experiment using an American national sample of Democrats and Republicans (N = 300). Participants read a news story in which the public believes the parties are in a state of either high or low conflict (or they did not receive a news story). Using mediation analysis, the results of the study provide evidence that news media coverage of political conflict leads to increased perception of intergroup conflict, which then leads to higher levels of (a) partisan identification, (b) affective polarization, and (c) ideological polarization.
Splicing factors control C. elegans behavioural learning in a single neuron by producing DAF-2c receptor
Authors: Tomioka Masahiro , Naito Yasuki , Kuroyanagi Hidehito , Iino Yuichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlternative splicing generates protein diversity essential for neuronal properties. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this process and its relevance to physiological and behavioural functions are poorly understood. To address these issues, we focused on a cassette exon of the Caenorhabditis elegans insulin receptor gene daf-2, whose proper variant expression in the taste receptor neuron ASER is critical for taste-avoidance learning. We show that inclusion of daf-2 exon 11.5 is restricted to specific neuron types, including ASER, and is controlled by a combinatorial action of evolutionarily conserved alternative splicing factors, RBFOX, CELF and PTB families of proteins. Mutations of these factors cause a learning defect, and this defect is relieved by DAF-2c (exon 11.5+) isoform expression only in a single neuron ASER. Our results provide evidence that alternative splicing regulation of a single critical gene in a single critical neuron is essential for learning ability in an organism.
Numerical approach for unstructured quantum key distribution
Authors: Coles Patrick J. , Metodiev Eric M. , Lütkenhaus Norbert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) allows for communication with security guaranteed by quantum theory. The main theoretical problem in QKD is to calculate the secret key rate for a given protocol. Analytical formulas are known for protocols with symmetries, since symmetry simplifies the analysis. However, experimental imperfections break symmetries, hence the effect of imperfections on key rates is difficult to estimate. Furthermore, it is an interesting question whether (intentionally) asymmetric protocols could outperform symmetric ones. Here we develop a robust numerical approach for calculating the key rate for arbitrary discrete-variable QKD protocols. Ultimately this will allow researchers to study ‘unstructured’ protocols, that is, those that lack symmetry. Our approach relies on transforming the key rate calculation to the dual optimization problem, which markedly reduces the number of parameters and hence the calculation time. We illustrate our method by investigating some unstructured protocols for which the key rate was previously unknown.
Separating hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis using nickel hydroxide
Authors: Chen Long , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLow-cost alkaline water electrolysis has been considered a sustainable approach to producing hydrogen using renewable energy inputs, but preventing hydrogen/oxygen mixing and efficiently using the instable renewable energy are challenging. Here, using nickel hydroxide as a redox mediator, we decouple the hydrogen and oxygen production in alkaline water electrolysis, which overcomes the gas-mixing issue and may increase the use of renewable energy. In this architecture, the hydrogen production occurs at the cathode by water reduction, and the anodic Ni(OH)2 is simultaneously oxidized into NiOOH. The subsequent oxygen production involves a cathodic NiOOH reduction (NiOOH→Ni(OH)2) and an anodic OH− oxidization. Alternatively, the NiOOH formed during hydrogen production can be coupled with a zinc anode to form a NiOOH-Zn battery, and its discharge product (that is, Ni(OH)2) can be used to produce hydrogen again. This architecture brings a potential solution to facilitate renewables-to-hydrogen conversion.