bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel cytochrome P450 (CYP6D1) and voltage sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) alleles of the house fly (Musca domestica) and their roles in pyrethroid resistance
Authors: Pan Jing , Yang Chan , Liu Yan , Gao Qi , Li Mei , Qiu Xinghui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe house fly Musca domestica is an important disease vector. Point mutation‐mediated target‐site insensitivity of the voltage sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) and increased detoxification mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP6D1) overexpression have been characterized as two major mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance. In this study, genetic mutations in the Vssc and CYP6D1 genes and their contribution to pyrethroid resistance were investigated.RESULTSTwelve lines of house flies homozygous for four genotypes were established. House flies carrying the VSSC 1014F mutation and overexpressing CYP6D1 had higher resistance to pyrethroids than those carrying 1014F alone. The presence of the 15‐bp insert in the promoter region of the CYP6D1 gene did not necessarily result in a significant increase in CYP6D1 mRNA and pyrethroid resistance levels. A novel Vssc allele carrying two mutations (G1924D and G2004S) in combination with the classic 1014F and a novel CYP6D1 allele that is very similar to CYP6D1v1 were identified in Chinese house flies.CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrates the effect of genetic mutations in CYP6D1 and Vssc on the susceptibility of house flies to pyrethroids, and verifies that 15‐bp insert‐containing CYP6D1 alleles have a single origin. These findings offer insights into the evolution of insecticide resistance and have implications for house fly control. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in sub‐Saharan Africa—A call for a renewed research agenda
Authors: Singh Shivank , Blackard Jason T. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe human pegivirus (HPgV)—formerly GB virus C—has a beneficial impact on HIV disease progression that has been described in multiple studies. Given the high prevalence of HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa and the continuing need to suppress HIV replication, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing data on HPgV infection in sub‐Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on studies of prevalence and the circulating HPgV genotypes. This review also highlights the need for additional studies of HPgV conducted on the African continent and proposes a research agenda for evaluation of HPgV.
The Mechanistic Details for the Growth of Palladium Nanoparticles on Graphene Oxide Support
Authors: Khannanov Artur A. , Valimukhametova Alina R. , Kiiamov Airat G. , Vakhitov Iskander R. , Dimiev Ayrat M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractComposite materials, comprising metal nanoparticles (NP) on a structural support have gained significant attention as novel systems for catalysis and energy conversion. Despite the importance of these materials for practical applications, the mechanism of the NPs formation remains elusive. Here, we investigate the seeding and the growth of Pd‐NPs on graphene oxide (GO) support in the two‐step process: impregnation and annealing. During the impregnation step, Pd2+ uniformly covers GO surface due to the strong chemical bonding with the oxygen functional groups. During the thermal annealing step, the growth of Pd‐NPs occurs via the radial in‐plane migration of Pd‐NPs along the GO surface to incorporate new Pd atoms in a way, similar to the snowball effect. The exact migration path depends on the annealing temperature, and on the Pd/GO ratio. The same two factors are responsible for the size‐distribution and the lateral density of as‐grown Pd‐NPs. At high temperatures, diffusion of the growing Pd‐NPs across the GO layers complicates the picture. The annealing temperature also influences the crystallinity, or the degree of porosity of the graphenic support. Below 500°C, carbon planes remain almost intact, while above 700°C, GO decomposes into highly porous material.
Cyclometalated Ru(II)‐NHC Complexes as Effective Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation: Influence of Wingtip Group on Catalytic Outcome
Authors: Balamurugan Gunasekaran , Ramesh Rengan , Malecki Jan Grzegorz 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) based ruthenium benzene complexes of general formula [(η6‐C6H6)Ru(C C)Cl] (C C=1‐butyl‐3‐phenylimidazol‐2‐ylidene 1 a, 1‐isopropyl‐3‐phenylimidazol‐2‐ylidene 1 b and 1‐benzyl‐3‐phenylimidazol‐2‐ylidene 1 c) have been synthesised via C−H activation of 1‐alkyl‐3‐phenylimidazolium salts with [(η6‐C6H6)RuCl2]2 under silver transmetallation condition. All the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral methods. The solid‐state structures of the complexes 2 a‐c have been established by a X‐ray single crystal diffraction study which revealed that NHC ligands behaved as mono anionic bidentate C C donors to the Ru(II) center via carbenic carbon and cyclometalated carbon. The newly synthesised ruthenium(II) NHC complexes 2 a‐c have been exploited as potential homogeneous catalysts to the transfer hydrogenation reactions for a broad scope of ketones to alcohols using 2‐propanol as a hydrogen source. The titled complexes worked well with low catalyst loading of 0.2 mol% with maximum conversion of 100% under optimized condition with reference to base, temperature, time, catalyst loading and substrate scope. Besides, the influence of the nature of wingtip group of the NHC ligands on the transfer hydrogenation reaction has also been reported to demonstrate the efficacy of catalyst.
Visual biofeedback using transperineal ultrasound in second stage of labor
Authors: Gilboa Y. , Frenkel T. I. , Schlesinger Y. , Rousseau S. , Hamiel D. , Achiron R. , Perlman S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the obstetric and psychological effects of visual biofeedback by transperineal ultrasound (TPU) during the second stage of labor.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐center observational study of low‐risk nulliparous women with epidural analgesia undergoing vaginal delivery. Visual biofeedback using TPU was provided to 26 women during the second stage of labor. Pushing efficacy was assessed by the change in the angle of progression (AoP) at rest and during pushing efforts, before and after biofeedback. Obstetric outcomes included incidence of perineal tearing, mode of delivery and length of second stage of labor. Psychological outcomes were assessed by self‐reported measures obtained during the postnatal hospital stay and included measures of perceived control and maternal satisfaction with childbirth, as well as level of maternal feelings of connectedness with the newborn. Obstetric and psychological results were compared with those of a control group of 69 women who received standard obstetric coaching from midwives.ResultsPushing efficacy increased significantly following visual biofeedback by TPU (P = 0.01), as indicated by a significantly lower delta AoP before (mean, 22.2° (95% CI, 13.9–31.7°)) compared with after (mean, 35.2° (95% CI, 25.9–45.3°)) biofeedback. A significant association was found between visual biofeedback and an intact perineum following delivery (P = 0.03). No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to mode of delivery or length of the second stage. Feelings of maternal connectedness with the newborn were significantly stronger (P = 0.003) in women who received visual biofeedback than in those who did not. However, perceived control during childbirth and maternal satisfaction with childbirth did not differ significantly between the biofeedback and control groups.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that biofeedback using TPU may serve as a complementary tool to coached maternal pushing during the second stage of labor, with obstetric as well as psychological benefits. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and define the optimal duration of the intervention. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
State‐to‐state photodissociation dynamics of the water molecule
Authors: Hu Xixi , Zhou Linsen , Xie Daiqian 
Published: November 2017

Photodissociation provides an ideal proving ground for an in‐depth understanding of the microscopic mechanism and dynamics of bond breaking processes at a state‐to‐state level. After a brief outline of the requisite theory, we review the latest developments on the state‐to‐state photodissociation dynamics of the water molecule via the lowest two excited states, focusing on the absorption spectrum and product state distributions. A detailed discussion is given on the competition between different adiabatic and nonadiabatic pathways of the dissociation. Quantum mechanical studies of this prototypical system on accurate coupled potential energy surfaces not only offer an interpretation of the existing experimental results but also provide a clear and comprehensive dynamical picture of water photodissociation. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2018, 8:e1350. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1350This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) to Conduct Life Course Analyses
Authors: Cooksey Elizabeth C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) are a set of three separate US cohorts. Two of the cohorts, the NLSY79 and the NLSY97, are nationally representative, while the third, the NLSY79 Child and Young Adult cohort, follows the offspring born to female NLSY79 respondents. The NLSY79 began data collection in 1979 from an initial sample of 12,686 young men and women born between 1957 and 1964; the NLSY97 cohort, an initial group of 8984 young people born between 1980 and 1984, was first interviewed in 1997. Both the NLSY79 and NLSY97 cohorts have been interviewed annually or biennially since their inceptions. NLSY79 Child data were first obtained in 1986, when 4971 children were interviewed. Over 11,000 children have been born in total. The children have been regularly interviewed and/or assessed since 1986, many of them through their teens into their young adult years. Data for all three cohorts are remarkably suited for life course analysis due to the breadth of topical areas included in the interviews: health, education, employment, household information, family background, marital history, childcare, income and assets, attitudes, substance use, and criminal activity. The NLSY data also provide opportunities for multi-generational and kinship research. Data on health and recent research using NLSY health data are a focus of this chapter.
Adolescent Health Development: A Relational Developmental Systems Perspective
Authors: Lerner Richard M. , Brindis Claire D. , Batanova Milena , Blum Robert Wm. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe contemporary study of adolescent development emphasizes that the process of development involves mutually influential relations between the developing individual and the features of his or her complex and changing context. These relations are most often framed by models derived from a relational developmental systems metatheory, an approach to theory that is entirely consistent with the seven principles of life course health development. Concepts associated with these ideas are used to describe, explain, and optimize the course of development in the second decade of life and, as such, to frame applied research aimed at promoting health and positive development among diverse adolescents. Accordingly we discuss the relational developmental systems metatheory and the seven principles and illustrate how the ideas associated with both approaches to adolescent development can innovatively integrate and extend scholarship about transitions and transformations characterizing the adolescent period and, as well, afford optimism that relational changes linked to positive change in the health developmental system can be identified and used to promote thriving in adolescence.
Demanding Energy: An Introduction
Authors: Hui Allison , Day Rosie , Walker Gordon 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This edited collection starts from the question: what social processes constitute and make energy demand? That is, what is energy for? Pursuing this question requires stepping back from energy demand per se to investigate the social practices that contribute to its constitution, patterning and transformation. Drawing in part upon social theories of practice and bringing together empirical cases addressing transportation, institutional and domestic settings, chapters draw particularly upon socio-theoretical understandings of space, time and change in order to provide new and sophisticated contributions to discussions of energy demand. This introduction discusses key themes and outlines the book’s structure.
Monogene Adipositas
Authors: von Schnurbein Julia , Wabitsch Martin 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Autosomal-rezessiv vererbte Mutationen in den Genen für Leptin, Leptinrezeptor, Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) und Prohormon-Convertase (PC1) führen zu einer ausgeprägten frühkindlichen Adipositas. Patienten mit biologisch inaktivem Leptin oder Leptinmangel können mit humanem rekombinanten Leptin erfolgreich behandelt werden. Für die anderen Patienten hat sich die Behandlung mit einem α‑MSH-Analogon als erfolgreich erwiesen (POMC-Patienten) bzw. befindet sich derzeit in Erprobung.
Kodominant vererbte Mutationen im MC4R-Gen stellen die häufigste Form der monogenen Adipositas dar. Eine kausale Therapie ist hier allerdings nicht möglich.
Es sind inzwischen noch weitere, autosomal-rezessiv vererbte Genmutationen identifiziert worden, die ebenfalls mit einer ausgeprägten Adipositas assoziiert sind. Die meisten dieser Mutationen liegen in Genen, die in die Signaltransduktion von MC4R oder dem Leptinrezeptor involviert sind. Auch für diese Patienten gibt es aktuell noch keine kausale Therapie.
Schlussfolgerung: Bei Patienten mit extremer frühkindlicher Adipositas sollte eine molekulargenetische Diagnostik eingeleitet werden, da die Diagnosestellung für die Betroffenen und ihre Familie eine enorme Erleichterung bedeuten kann. Außerdem gewinnen die Familien Klarheit über das Wiederholungsrisiko und eventuell ist sogar eine kausale oder zumindest optimierte Therapie möglich.
Novel Application of Micro-Computerized Tomography for Morphologic Characterization of the Murine Penis
Authors: O'Neill Marisol , Huang Gene O. , Lamb Dolores J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe murine penis model has enriched our understanding of anomalous penile development. The morphologic characterization of the murine penis using conventional serial sectioning methods is labor intensive and prone to errors.AimTo develop a novel application of micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) with iodine staining for rapid, non-destructive morphologic study of murine penis structure.MethodsPenises were dissected from 10 adult wild-type mice and imaged using micro-CT with iodine staining. Images were acquired at 5-μm spatial resolution on a Bruker SkyScan 1272 micro-CT system. After images were acquired, the specimens were washed of any remaining iodine and embedded in paraffin for conventional histologic examination. Histologic and micro-CT measurements for all specimens were made by 2 independent observers.OutcomesMeasurements of penile structures were made on virtual micro-CT sections and histologic slides.ResultsThe Lin concordance correlation coefficient demonstrated almost perfect strength of agreement for interobserver variability for histologic section (0.9995, 95% CI = 0.9990–0.9997) and micro-CT section (0.9982, 95% CI = 0.9963–0.9991) measurements. Bland-Altman analysis for agreement between the 2 modalities of measurement demonstrated mean differences of −0.029, 0.022, and −0.068 mm for male urogenital mating protuberance, baculum, and penile glans length, respectively. There did not appear to be a bias for overestimation or underestimation of measured lengths and limits of agreement were narrow.Clinical TranslationThe enhanced ability offered by micro-CT to phenotype the murine penis has the potential to improve translational studies examining the molecular pathways contributing to anomalous penile development.Strengths and LimitationsThe present study describes the first reported use of micro-CT with iodine staining for imaging the murine penis. Producing repeated histologic sections of identical orientation was limited by inherent imperfections in mounting and tissue sectioning, but this was compensated for by using micro-CT reconstructions to identify matching virtual sections.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the successful use of micro-CT with iodine staining, which has the potential for submicron spatial resolution, as a non-destructive method of characterizing murine penile morphology.
Traffic flow densities in large transport networks
Authors: Hirsch Christian , Jahnel Benedikt , Keeler Paul , Patterson Robert I. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We consider transport networks with nodes scattered at random in a large domain. At certain local rates, the nodes generate traffic flows according to some navigation scheme in a given direction. In the thermodynamic limit of a growing domain, we present an asymptotic formula expressing the local traffic flow density at any given location in the domain in terms of three fundamental characteristics of the underlying network: the spatial intensity of the nodes together with their traffic generation rates, and of the links induced by the navigation. This formula holds for a general class of navigations satisfying a link-density and a sub-ballisticity condition. As a specific example, we verify these conditions for navigations arising from a directed spanning tree on a Poisson point process with inhomogeneous intensity function.
A Tribute to James Parkinson
Authors: Parent André 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExactly 200 years ago, the London surgeon-apothecary James Parkinson (1755-1824) published a 66-page-long booklet entitledAn Essay on the Shaking Palsy, which contains the first clear clinical description of the shaking palsy orparalysis agitans, which we now refer to as Parkinson’s disease. However, the value of this essay was not fully recognized during Parkinson’s lifetime, which spanned the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars. James Parkinson was one of the most singular figures of his time and place. He was successively or concomitantly a virulent political activist, a popular medical writer, a scholarly medical contributor, a highly appreciated parish doctor, a prominent amateur chemist, a devoted madhouse doctor, and a renowned paleontologist. It is that branch of geology that brought Parkinson fame during his lifetime. He was an insatiable collector of fossils, minerals, and shells that came to form the core of the museum that he set out at his home in Shoreditch, England. These specimens are beautifully illustrated in hisOrganic Remains of a Former World(1804-1811), a three-volume treatise that rapidly became a standard paleontology textbook. Parkinson was a founding member of the Geological Society of London, and in recognition of his contribution to the nascent field of paleontology his name was given to many fossils, particularly ammonites (e.g.Nautilus parkinsoni). Hence, we owe much to Mr. Parkinson, the Paleontologist, as he used to be referred to after his death, for such a vast and multifaceted contribution to natural science and medicine.
Short, flat-tipped, viscous fingers: novel interfacial patterns in a Hele-Shaw channel with an elastic boundary
Authors: McCue Scott W. 
Published: November 2017

Injecting a less viscous fluid into a more viscous fluid in a Hele-Shaw cell triggers two-dimensional viscous fingering patterns which are characterised by increasingly long fingers undergoing tip splitting and branching events. These complex structures are considered to be a paradigm for interfacial pattern formation in porous media flow and other related phenomena. Over the past five years, there has been a flurry of interest in manipulating these interfacial fingering patterns by altering the physical components of the Hele-Shaw apparatus. In this Focus on Fluids article, we summarise some of this work, concentrating on a very recent study in which the alterations include replacing one of the two bounding plates with an elastic membrane (Ducloué et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 826, 2017, R2). The resulting experimental set-up gives rise to a wide variety of novel interfacial patterns including periodic sideways fingers, dendritic-like patterns and short, flat-tipped viscous fingers that appear to resemble molar teeth. These latter fingers are similar to those observed in the printer’s instability and when peeling off a layer of adhesive tape. This delightful work brings together a number of well-studied themes in interfacial fluid mechanics, including how viscous and surface tension forces compete to drive fingering patterns, how interfaces are affected by fluid–solid interactions and, finally, how novel strategies can be implemented to control interfacial instabilities.
A multidisciplinary study of a Late Pleistocene arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) midden from Yukon, Canada
Authors: Langeveld Bram W. , Mol Dick , Zazula Grant D. , Gravendeel Barbara , Eurlings Marcel , McMichael Crystal N.H. , Groenenberg Dick , van Reenen Guido B.A. , Palmeira Mona , Vogel Johnny , van Geel Bas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMiddens (nests and caches) of Late Pleistocene arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) that are preserved in the permafrost of Beringia archive valuable paleoecological data. Arctic ground squirrels selectively include the plant material placed in middens. To account for this selectivity bias, we used a multi-proxy approach that includes ancient DNA (aDNA) and macro- and microfossil analyses. Here, we provide insight into Pleistocene vegetation conditions using macrofossils, pollen, phytoliths and non-pollen palynomorphs, and aDNA collected from one such midden from the Yukon Territory (Canada), which was formed between 30,740 and 30,380 cal yr BP. aDNA confirmed the midden was constructed by U. parryii. We recovered 39 vascular plant and bryophyte genera and 68 fungal genera from the midden samples. Grass and other herbaceous families dominated vegetation assemblages according to all proxies. aDNA data yielded several records of vascular plants that are outside their current biogeographic range, while some of the recovered fungi yielded additional evidence for local occurrence of Picea trees during glacial conditions. We propose that future work on fossil middens should combine the study of macro- and microfossils with aDNA analysis to get the most out of these environmental archives.
CONTRACTING FOR SELF-DENIAL: ON ENFORCING “NO ORAL MODIFICATION” CLAUSES
Authors: Morgan Jonathan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract“No oral modification” (NOM) clauses should be enforced in English law. Parties should be permitted to impose formality requirements upon themselves. Entire agreement clauses are (rightly) enforced and this provides a compelling parallel. The reasoning of two Court of Appeal decisions holding NOM clauses unenforceable is critically analysed. The extent to which NOM clauses should be defeasible by estoppel and unfair terms legislation is considered.