bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A VLP-based vaccine provides complete protection against Nipah virus challenge following multiple-dose or single-dose vaccination schedules in a hamster model
Authors: Walpita Pramila , Cong Yu , Jahrling Peter B. , Rojas Oscar , Postnikova Elena , Yu Shuiqing , Johns Lisa , Holbrook Michael. R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNipah virus is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that was first recognized in Malaysia during an outbreak in 1998. During this outbreak, Nipah virus infection caused a severe febrile neurological disease in humans who worked in close contact with infected pigs. The case fatality rate in humans was approximately 40%. Since 2001, NiV has re-emerged in Bangladesh and India where fruit bats (Pteropus spp.) have been identified as the principal reservoir of the virus. Transmission to humans is considered to be bat-to-human via food contaminated with bat saliva, or consumption of contaminated raw date palm sap, although human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus has also been documented. To date, there are no approved prophylactic options or treatment for NiV infection. In this study, we produced mammalian cell-derived native Nipah virus-like particles composed of Nipah virus G, F and M proteins for use as a novel Nipah virus vaccine. Previous studies demonstrated that the virus-like particles were structurally similar to authentic virus, functionally assembled and immunoreactive. In the studies reported here, purified Nipah virus-like particles were utilized either alone or with adjuvant to vaccinate golden Syrian hamsters with either three-dose or one-dose vaccination regimens followed by virus challenge. These studies found that Nipah virus-like particle immunization of hamsters induced significant neutralizing antibody titers and provided complete protection to all vaccinated animals following either single or three-dose vaccine schedules. These studies prove the feasibility of a virus-like particle-based vaccine for protection against Nipah virus infection.
Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: Evaluation With US-Arthrography Using a Sonographic Contrast Agent
Authors: Cheng Xueqing , Zhang Zhenqi , Xuanyan Guo , Li Tingting , Li Juan , Yin Longlin , Lu Man 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAdhesive capsulitis (AC) is a painful and disabling disorder, which caused restricted motion and chronic pain of shoulder. Intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasound has been recently applied to assess obstructive bile duct diseases, tubal patency, vesicoureteric reflux and so on. The aim of this study was to detect the value of US-arthrography by injecting the contrast agent SonoVue into glenohumeral joint compared with US in diagnosing AC. Utrasound (US) and US-arthrography images of 45 patients with AC were compared with that of 45 control subjects without AC with MRI as a gold standard. Patients with AC had a significantly thickened coracohumeral ligment (CHL, 3.1 mm) and inferior capsule (3.5 mm) on US, and a decreased volume of axillary recess (1.14 ml) on US-arthrography compared with the control subjects (1.59 ml). Filling defect (91.1%) and synovitis-like abnormality (75.6%) in the joint on US-arthrography were more sensitive than that of rotator interval abnormality (71.1%), thickened CHL more than 3 mm (64.4%), thickened inferior capsule more than 3.5 mm (66.7%) on US respectively for diagnosis of AC. Consequently, US-arthrography was more effective method than US for assessment of AC. Filling defects of joint cavity and synovitis-like abnormality in the joint are characteristic US-arthrography findings for diagnosing AC.
Spot variation fluorescence correlation spectroscopy by data post-processing
Authors: Khadem S. M. J. , Hille C. , Löhmannsröben H.-G. , Sokolov I. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpot variation fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (SV-FCS) is a variant of the FCS techniques which may give useful information about the structural organisation of the medium in which the diffusion takes place. We show that the same results can be obtained by post-processing the photon count data from ordinary FCS measurements. By using this method, one obtains the fluorescence autocorrelation functions for sizes of confocal volume, which are effectively smaller than that of the initial FCS measurement. The photon counts of the initial experiment are first transformed into smooth intensity trace using kernel smoothing method or to a piecewise-continuous intensity trace using binning and then a non-linear transformation is applied to this trace. The result of this transformation mimics the photon count rate in an experiment performed with a smaller confocal volume. The applicability of the method is established in extensive numerical simulations and directly supported in in-vitro experiments. The procedure is then applied to the diffusion of AlexaFluor647-labeled streptavidin in living cells.
Investigation of autistic traits through strategic decision-making in games with adaptive agents
Authors: Craig Alexis B. , Grossman Emily , Krichmar Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorders are characterized by difficulties in communicating and cooperating with other people. Impairment in Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer what another person is thinking, may contribute to these social deficits. The present study assesses the relationship between autistic traits and decision-making in a socioeconomic game environment that measures ToM and cooperation. We quantified participant strategy during game play with computer agents that simulated aspects of ToM or fixed strategy agents with static behaviors or heuristics. Individuals with higher Autism Quotient (AQ) scores cooperated less than subjects with low AQ scores with the ToM agents. In contrast, subjects with higher AQ scores cooperated more with fixed strategy agents. Additionally, subjects with higher AQ scores spent more time than low AQ subjects signaling cooperative intent in games with fixed strategy agents while spending less time signaling cooperation with adaptive agents, indicating a preference toward systemizing behaviors in the face of uncertainty. We conclude that individuals with high levels of autistic traits are less likely to utilize ToM as a cognitive strategy, even when it is beneficial, to achieve a desired outcome.
2D/0D graphene hybrids for visible-blind flexible UV photodetectors
Authors: Tetsuka Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) are attractive building blocks for optoelectronic devices because of their exceptional tunable optical absorption and fluorescence properties. Here, we developed a high-performance flexible NGQD/graphene field-effect transistor (NGQD@GFET) hybrid ultraviolet (UV) photodetector, using dimethylamine-functionalized GQDs (NMe2-GQDs) with a large bandgap of ca. 3.3 eV. The NMe2-GQD@GFET photodetector exhibits high photoresponsivity and detectivity of ca. 1.5 × 104 A W–1 and ca. 5.5 × 1011 Jones, respectively, in the deep-UV region as short as 255 nm without application of a backgate voltage. The feasibility of these flexible UV photodetectors for practical application in flame alarms is also demonstrated.
Patterned Arrangements of Olfactory Receptor Gene Expression in Zebrafish are Established by Radial Movement of Specified Olfactory Sensory Neurons
Authors: Bayramli Xalid , Kocagöz Yiğit , Sakizli Uğurcan , Fuss Stefan H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpatial restriction of olfactory receptor (OR) gene expression in peripheral sense organs is a common phenomenon across species, suggesting that zonal OR expression somehow contributes to olfactory function. In zebrafish OR expression patterns reminiscent of zones occur as concentric domains with preferred diameters for different ORs. However, the function and the developmental origin of the pattern are unknown. Here we investigate olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) neurogenesis in the adult zebrafish olfactory epithelium (OE) to understand how the zonally organized OR pattern is established and maintained during the lifetime of the animal. We find that OSNs are generated from two discontinuous proliferation zones located at the central and peripheral edge of the sensory OE. OSNs turn on OR expression soon after they exit mitosis and invade the sensory tissue, approaching each other from both ends of the OE. Biased generation of OSN subpopulations at both neurogenic sites and elimination of OSNs along their route across the OE generates the impression of OR-specific expression domains. We formulated a simple mathematical model based on exact parameters derived from our analysis of OSN neurogenesis, which accurately generates OR-like distributions without the need to invoke molecular signals to pattern the OE.
Lactobacillus acidophilus/Bifidobacterium infantis probiotics are associated with increased growth of VLBWI among those exposed to antibiotics
Authors: Härtel Christoph , Pagel Julia , Spiegler Juliane , Buma Janne , Henneke Philipp , Zemlin Michael , Viemann Dorothee , Gille Christian , Gehring Stephan , Frommhold David , Rupp Jan , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe performed an observational study with very-low-birth weight infants (VLBWI) ≤33 weeks of gestation born in centers of the German Neonatal Network (GNN; (total n = 8534, n = 6229 received probiotics). The primary objectives of our study were (a) to assess the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus/Bifidobacterium infantis probiotics on growth in VLBWI during primary stay in hospital and (b) to determine whether this effect is modified by antibiotic exposure. In linear regression models the administration of probiotics was independently associated with improved weight gain [g/d; effect size B = 0.62 (95% CI: 0.37–0.87), p < 0.001], and higher growth rates for body length [(mm/d; B = 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04–0.08), p < 0.001] and head circumference [mm/d; B = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.04, p < 0.001]. This effect was pronounced in infants with postnatal exposure to antibiotics; i.e. weight gain [g/d; B = 0.66 (95% CI: 0.32–1), p < 0.001], growth rate body length [(mm/d; B = 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06–0.12), p < 0.001] and head circumference [mm/d; B = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02–0.06, p < 0.001]. In the small subgroup that was available for analysis at 5-year-follow-up (with probiotics: n = 120 vs. without probiotics: n = 54) we noted a sustained effect of probiotics in infants who received postnatal antibiotics. Probiotics may improve growth in antibiotic-treated infants which needs to be confirmed in randomized-controlled trials.
Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells
Authors: Tan Thomas C. J. , Knight John , Sbarrato Thomas , Dudek Kate , Willis Anne E. , Zamoyska Rose 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceOptimal antigenic stimulation through T-cell receptors is required by T lymphocytes to exert full expansion, effector functions, and memory cell differentiation. Suboptimal TCR stimulation influences both transcription of genes and synthesis of subsets of proteins in a nonconcordant manner. Detailed polysome profiling revealed that weakly activated cells prioritized mRNA translation so that specific transcripts were translationally sequestered. Strikingly, ribosome biogenesis was compromised at both transcriptional and translational levels after weak stimulation, which still allowed the cells to undergo initial cell division, but proliferation was not sustained. Our work has demonstrated that T cells respond to environmental signals and use specific components of the translation machinery to regulate the translation of activation-dependent mRNAs.
Plus ça change? Mining in South Africa in the last 30 years – an overview
Authors: Macmillan Hugh 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
This article examines the history of South African mining over the last 30 years. It notes the declining contribution of mining to the economy, and a drop in employment levels and labour migration. It considers political, legislative and macro-economic changes, as well as mine ownership and control. It addresses the question why a democratically elected government, progressive labour legislation, trade-unionisation and Black Economic Empowerment have made remarkably little difference to working conditions. After examining the trajectories of individual commodities, such as gold, platinum, coal and diamonds, it concludes there has been no fundamental change in the relationship between state and capital.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSA1 mRNA has a sequence for localization at the bud tip
Authors: Takeuchi-Andoh Tomoko , Hayano-Oshiro Yukiko , Nishiyoshi Emi , Mutazono Masatoshi , Hayashi Sachiko , Tani Tokio 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
MSA1 mRNA encodes Msa1p, a protein associated with the SCB-binding factor (SBF) and MCB-binding factor (MBF) complex. Msa1p promotes the transcription of G1 phase-specific genes, and is subjected to cell cycle-dependent regulation for its abundance and subcellular localization. MSA1 mRNA and Msa1p levels oscillate in the cell cycle with peaks at the late M/early G1 phase and early G1 phase, respectively. Phosphorylation by CDK1 negatively regulates the nuclear localization of Msa1p. In the present study, we identified MSA1 mRNA as a bud tip-localized mRNA in screening using a Tag-GFP system. A fragmentation analysis revealed a sequence of ~145 bases for the bud tip localization. Endogenous MSA1 mRNA localized at the bud tip in a manner that depended on SHE2. Msa1p levels were also affected by SHE2 in cells constitutively expressing MSA1 mRNA. These results suggest the existence of a regulatory mechanism for Msa1p through the localized control of MSA1 mRNA.
Investigation of the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brainstem metastases using a new evaluation criterion: ‘symptomatic control’
Authors: Nakamura Masaki , Nishimura Hideki , Mayahara Hiroshi , Uezono Haruka , Harada Aya , Hashimoto Naoki , Ejima Yasuo , Ishihara Takeaki , Nishikawa Ryo , Sasaki Ryohei 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The treatment of brainstem metastases remains a challenge as the brainstem itself is considered a neurological organ at risk. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) for brainstem metastases, and to examine the balance between efficacy and safety for the management of neurological symptoms. A total of 26 lesions [pons (n = 18), medulla (n = 4) and midbrain (n = 4)] in 20 patients treated with CyberKnife hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The total radiation doses (18–30 Gy) were delivered in 3 or 5 equal fractions. The median follow-up was 6.5 (range, 0.5–38.0) months. The 6- and 12-month local control rates were 100% and 90%, respectively. Symptomatic failures, defined as the worsening and appearance of neurological symptoms due to the brainstem lesion after CyberKnife HFSRT, were observed in 6 patients [local failure (n = 1) and adverse events (n = 5). The symptomatic control and overall survival rates were 90% and 72% (after 6 months), respectively, and 76% and 53% (after 12 months), respectively. Longer symptomatic control was associated with site of lesion origin, and longer overall survival was associated with a graded prognostic assessment score of &gt;2. To our knowledge, this is the second study to investigate the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife HFSRT for brainstem metastases. The local control rate was comparable with that of prior stereotactic radiosurgery studies. We propose a new evaluation criterion—‘symptomatic control’—to evaluate the efficacy and safety of brainstem radiotherapy.
Risk of Subsequent Ovarian Cancer After Ovarian Conservation in Young Women With Stage I Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Machida Hiroko , Stone Rebecca L. , Soliman Pamela T. , Thaker Premal H. , Roman Lynda D. , Wright Jason D. 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:To examine the cumulative incidence of subsequent ovarian cancer among young women with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer who had ovarian conservation at surgical treatment.METHODS:This retrospective study examined the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to identify women aged younger than 50 years who underwent hysterectomy with ovarian conservation for stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer between 1983 and 2013. Time-dependent risk of ovarian cancer diagnosed during the follow-up after endometrial cancer diagnosis was examined.RESULTS:Among 1,322 women in the study cohort, 16 women developed subsequent ovarian cancer with 5- and 10-year cumulative incidences of 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Median time to develop subsequent ovarian cancer was 2.4 years, and the majority of subsequent ovarian cancer was diagnosed within the first 3 years from the diagnosis of endometrial cancer (68.8%). The majority of subsequent ovarian cancer was endometrioid type (81.3%) and stage I disease (75.0%). With a median follow-up time of 11.6 years, there were no ovarian cancer deaths. Younger age at endometrial cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent ovarian cancer (10-year cumulative incidences: age younger than 40 compared with 40–49 years, 2.6% compared with 0.4%, hazard ratio 5.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–15.7,P=.002).CONCLUSION:Young women with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer have an approximately 1% risk of developing subsequent ovarian cancer after ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy that was associated with favorable tumor factors resulting in good ovarian cancer-specific survival. Our results endorse the importance of genetic testing and close follow-up when counseling about this procedure, especially for those who are younger than 40 years.
Risk Factors for Emergency Department Visits After Hysterectomy for Benign Disease
Authors: Mahnert Nichole , Kamdar Neil , Lim Courtney S. , Skinner Bethany , Hassett Afton , Kocher Keith E. , Morgan Daniel M. , As-Sanie Sawsan 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the incidence, indications, and risk factors for emergency department visits that do not result in readmission within 30 days of hysterectomy for benign disease.

METHODS:
We conducted a secondary data analysis of hysterectomies for benign disease using the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative, a statewide group of hospitals that voluntarily reports perioperative outcomes. Hysterectomies for benign disease were abstracted from January 1, 2013, to July 2, 2014. We examined the incidence of emergency department visits within 30 days after hysterectomy for benign disease and constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to identify risk factors for these visits. We focused on emergency department visits that did not result in readmission because they are more likely to represent avoidable encounters.

RESULTS:
Among the 10,274 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign disease during the study period, 932 (9.1%) presented to the emergency department and were not readmitted to the hospital. Based on a multivariable regression model, risk factors for emergency department visits after hysterectomy for benign disease were younger age, higher parity, Medicaid or self-pay insurance, prior venous thromboembolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, preoperative surgical indication of chronic pelvic pain, and postoperative day 1 pain scores greater than 4 on a 0–10 numeric rating scale. The most common primary emergency department International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision diagnoses were for pain (29.5% [n=275]), gastrointestinal (12.8% [n=118]), and genitourinary (10.7% [n=99]) complaints.

CONCLUSION:
Approximately 1 in 11 women present to the emergency department, but do not result in readmission within 30 days of hysterectomy for benign disease. Emergency department visits might be avoided with expanded perioperative education and improved communication pathways for high-risk patients.
Transient Fetal Tachycardia After Intravenous Diphenhydramine Administration
Authors: Abernathy Alice , Alsina Laura , Greer Jessica , Egerman Robert 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:
Fetal tachycardia is attributable to a variety of etiologies, including an untreated maternal medical condition or an indicator of potential fetal compromise. Maternal medication administration may also affect the fetal heart rate.

CASE:
A 28-year-old nulliparous patient at 41 weeks of gestation was treated for pruritus with intravenous diphenhydramine after epidural administration of fentanyl. Within 14 minutes, the fetal heart rate increased from a baseline of 155 beats per minute (bpm) to more than 200 bpm while maintaining moderate variability. This was accompanied by an increase in uterine contractions occurring every 1.5 minutes. The fetal tachycardia lasted 51 minutes; several hours later, a healthy neonate was delivered.

CONCLUSION:
Diphenhydramine may produce transient fetal tachycardia as well as increased maternal uterine activity.
Repair of Bimalleolar Ankle Fracture
Authors: Fisher Nina , Atanda Abiola , Swensen Stephanie , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The incidence of ankle fractures is rapidly increasing in geriatric populations. Of the 4 fracture patterns described by the Lauge-Hansen classification system, supination-external rotation (SER) accounts for most ankle fractures. This video demonstrates surgical repair of a SER type 4 ankle fracture in a geriatric patient.

Methods:
SER type 4 ankle fractures are considered unstable and are generally treated with surgical fixation. After placement of plate and screws, intraoperative stress tests can be used to assess for syndesmotic widening. If necessary, the syndesmosis can be reduced open, with screw fixation placed parallel to the joint. Patients are kept non–weight-bearing for 6 weeks after surgery.

Results:
This video, shot on an iPhone 6S, shows the case of a 66-year-old female status after a fall with twisting mechanism resulting in an unstable SER type 4 fracture requiring operative repair. Intraoperative stress test revealed medial clear space widening requiring syndesmotic reduction.

Conclusions:
SER type 4 ankle fractures are a common injury that must be properly managed to return patients to baseline functional status. The surgical technique described in this video provides for good stabilization and allows for early range of motion with advancement to weight-bearing as tolerated at 6 weeks postoperatively.
Humeral Shaft Fracture: Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Konda Sanjit R. , Saleh Hesham , Fisher Nina , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
This video demonstrates the technique of intramedullary nailing for a humeral shaft fracture.

Methods:
The patient is a 30-year-old man who sustained a gunshot wound to his right arm. The patient was indicated for humeral nailing given the comminuted nature of the diaphysis and to allow for minimal skin incisions. Other relative indications include soft-tissue compromise about the arm precluding a large surgical exposure.

Results:
This video presents a case of a comminuted humeral shaft fracture treated with an intramedullary nail. Anatomic reduction and stable fixation was obtained with this technique.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates a soft-tissue sparing technique of humeral shaft fixation using a humeral intramedullary nail. The technique is easy to perform and has significant benefits in minimizing surgical exposure, decreasing operative time, and decreasing blood loss. In the correct clinical setting, humeral nailing provides an expeditious form of fixation that restores length, alignment, and rotation of the fracture humeral diaphysis.