bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Environmental Dimension in the Petroleum Engineering Curriculum at a Global Level: Importance of the Holistic Education of Professionals Who Will Manage the Energy Industry
Authors: Yrigoyen Andres F. , Quaglia Alfonso , Saputelli Luigi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Scientific studies have shown there is a high probability that greenhouse gases emitted by human activity have caused an essential portion of the observed increase in the earth's temperatures during the last 50 years. To achieve the scenario of net zero emissions for 2050 proposed by the International Energy Agency (IEA), a great effort must be made to transform the way of thinking of professionals who work in the energy generation sector.
This research aims to analyze the current petroleum engineering curricula offered by high-ranked universities worldwide and to understand how the environmental subject is included, what environmental content is being taught, and what percentage of the curriculum is aligned with environmental protection and emissions reduction.
To achieve this objective, the petroleum engineering curricula of 17 universities were reviewed in detail, and the relationship between the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the countries where such petroleum engineering universities are located was examined. It was found that only 3 of the 17 (17.6%) universities include environmental courses as part of the core (compulsory) subjects in their undergraduate PE curricula; 2 of 17 (11.8%) universities include environmental courses as part of the core subjects in their master's curricula; and 1 of 17 (5.9%) universities include environmental courses as part of the core courses in their Ph.D. curricula. Based on this research, three main pillars that support the petroleum engineering curriculum were found.
Finally, a new structure for the petroleum engineering curriculum is proposed based on three fundamental pillars identified during this study, which are the pillar related to the area of science and new technologies aligned with the reality of the IR 4.0, the pillar pertaining to the core area of geosciences, petroleum engineering, drilling and completion, and economics; and the pillar associated with the environmental area. These three fundamental pillars that support the petroleum engineering curriculum were associated with the triple bottom line theory proposed by Elkington (Elkington, 1997), which shows the importance of considering a balance of these three pillars in the structure of the petroleum engineering curriculum. This research incorporates novel ideas to enhance the structure of the petroleum engineering curriculum, considering the current challenges we can find nowadays in the oil and gas industry and the energy generation sector.
Investigation of Boiler Feed Water Oxygen Scavenger Adverse Results
Authors: Bu Shulaiybi , Ahmed Y 
Published: September 2024

Industrial boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) play a crucial role in generating superheated steam for various industrial processes. To ensure the efficiency and longevity of these systems, it is essential to maintain water quality. Typically, water used in these systems undergoes filtration to remove suspended and dissolved solids. Subsequently, the water is treated by deaerators, with their primary function being the removal of dissolved gases, particularly oxygen. Oxygen is considered one of the most important contributors to pitting and corrosion in boilers and piping. To fulfill the critical role of eliminating oxygen, plant utilities such as deaerators use chemicals known as oxygen scavengers. One notable chemical in this category is carbohydrazide, known for its volatility and non-solid contributing properties. Carbohydrazide serves as an effective oxygen scavenger, aiding in the prevention of corrosion within the boiler feed water system.
All deaerators in utilities plants are operated at temperatures above 275°F. This leads oxygen scavenger to decompose to hydrazine at the operating temperature of deaerators, which in turn leads the residual oxygen scavenger to be unrepresentative of the actual injected amount.
In this assessment, the oxygen scavenger performance was reviewed and a better allowable sample result limit was found to capture the effect of the oxygen scavenger decomposition to hydrazine.
Charting Oman's Path to Green Hydrogen: Embracing Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges
Authors: Al-Khayari H. A. , Farrag M. E. , Elgenedy M. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Achieving net-zero emissions is a global obligation that requires everyone's participation. In its unwavering commitment to this cause, the Sultanate of Oman (Oman) considers green hydrogen to be a crucial element in its decarbonisation plan, in which green hydrogen is expected to reduce the total carbon emissions in 2050 by 8% (8.5 Mt). Furthermore, Oman intends to position itself as a global hub for the production and export of green hydrogen by 2030, a testament to its dedication to environmental sustainability.
The objective of this study is to explore how Oman's abundant natural resources can be harnessed to address the challenges posed by current technologies used for green-hydrogen production and promote the adoption of renewable energy sources in the country. The paper presents an analysis of the unique opportunities available in Oman: first, in green-hydrogen production by using natural minerals and critical elements extracted from the country's land for the manufacturing of electrolysis systems; and second, in renewable energy sources to power hydrogen plants with clean electrical power, including electrolysis systems. The discussion covers different types of electrolysis, including alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), and anion-exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis. Additionally, it delves into various renewable energy sources, such as onshore wind, solar photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), among others, all of which are abundant in Oman.
The paper compares the different types of electrolysis and different renewable energy sources in terms of the costs of installation, operation and maintenance, produced electricity, and system lifetime. Additionally, the study examines the challenges associated with electrolysis, such as the limitation of pure water resources required for water-splitting operations in Oman's environment. Moreover, the study discusses challenges associated with renewable energy sources, such as their impact on flora and fauna, the effects of high temperatures and dusty climates on solar systems, and the challenge of cost-effectiveness, providing a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand.
The most significant findings can be summarised as follows. First, using platinum, which accounts for more than 50% of the total stack costs, makes PEM electrolysers expensive. Oman produces and exports platinum, which could be an opportunity. Second, the installation cost of the CSP system is higher than that of other renewable energy sources. This discourages most investors. It has the advantage, however, of being capable of energy storage. Third, the mountain ranges in Oman provide lower temperatures and dust levels, which minimise the negative impact of high temperatures and dust accumulation on PV cells.
The findings will help future researchers in identifying opportunities for Oman to produce green hydrogen and overcome the current challenges.
The Application of a Parametric Model to Track Methane Emissions from Flares – New Insights from a Global Deployment Programme
Authors: Evans P. , Lowe J. , Newman D. , Washington M. , Tao C. , Bottino G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Continuous tracking of methane emissions from flaring using a parametric model are presented in which measurement of flare volumes and composition are combined with flare design information and wind speeds to provide a continuous measure of how flare combustion efficiency (CE) and destruction efficiency (DRE) change under varying process conditions and wind speeds. The accuracy of the method is determined relative to empirical experimental data and extended into high wind scenarios using computational fluid dynamic models. Uncertainty of the method is assessed using both classical error propagation and Monte Carlo techniques.
Results are presented from a global deployment of flares ranging in design and size, including both onshore and offshore applications. Under benign conditions, many flares burn with efficiency greater than the convention that uses a constant 98% DRE, but this can be compromised by low flow and low net heating values. This highlights the importance of accurate flare metering and tracking composition changes and the additional challenges that initiatives to drive down total flare volumes may place upon the installed global fleet of flares and flare meters.
Where flares are exposed to high wind conditions, rapid changes in flare efficiency are observed, highlighting the importance of continuous tracking of DRE for improved accuracy in reporting and differentiating short-lived periods of lower DRE from systemic operational problems, resulting in persistently poor combustion and increased emissions. Improved accuracy of methane emissions reporting from flaring is shown to be constrained, but existing limitations in the standardization of how flares are tested, and their performance tracked.
Rapid deployment using cloud computing reduces the need for in-field operations and shows how digital technology can help to enable the transition to lower emissions from oil and gas production.
The Impact of Salinity on H2/brine Interfacial Tension at Natural Reservoir Conditions: Implications for Hydrogen Geo-Storage
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The large-scale H2 economy may provide a solution to restrict carbon emissions and meet global energy demand. In this regard, underground H2 storage is of keen interest to researchers, which may contribute to the possibility of an H2 economy. The interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability of any liquid/gas system are crucial parameters that determine the gas storage capacities and control the fluid flow through the pore matrix and containment security. Therefore, we have measured the IFT of the H2/brine system at realistic reservoir pressure (10 to 100 bars) and temperature conditions (20 to 80 °C) and compared it to the H2/distilled water system to comprehend the salinity effect. The results show that IFT marginally decreases with the increase in temperature. This effect is the combined effect of temperature and brine. With temperatures where H2 density changes significantly, IFT should have increased (as happens in H2/distilled water systems); however, the presence of saline water supersedes the temperature effect, and IFT behaves oppositely. Similarly, IFT marginally decreases with the increase in pressure due to the marginal changes in H2 density irrespective of presence of salinity. The results of this study provide a fundamental understanding of the H2/brine/distilled water systems at higher pressure and temperature conditions and aid value for accurate calculations to determine the H2 structural and residual geo-storage capacities.
Creating Value Through Energy Transition
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Al Harbi Majeed Mohammed , Al Harmi Sultan Ibrahim , Abdulla Majid Abdul Majeed 
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an extensive case study and success story from the upstream oil and gas sector, proving how adopting a similar strategy can significantly contribute to achieving energy usage reduction, aligning with energy management and sustainability goals.
One of the major functions within accommodation complexes is the use of split air conditioning units, which consume substantial amounts of electricity. The continuous operation of these systems often leads to early breakdowns, thereby reducing the lifespan of both minor and major components. Replacing these parts introduces numerous challenges, including excessive costs and the environmental impact associated with recycling them.
Our primary aim is to control the usage of air conditioning equipment, limiting it to the active occupancy of spaces. By introducing smart thermostats with centralized management integrated with split units, we can enhance operational comfort while promoting sustainability goals through efficient control mechanisms and scheduled operations.
Work Safe, No Regrets – A Campaign to Encourage People to Intervene in Case of Unsafe Conditions
Authors: Scotti D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Saipem is committed to the health and safety of all people undertaking work in and for our business. Our Leadership in Health and Safety Programme (LiHS) is the foundation upon which the organisation has built its safety success. The LiHS programme is based upon attaining global alignment of leaders and workers to a common set of values related to safety and where safe work is seen as simply ‘the way that we do things around here.’
The LiHS programme was implemented in 2007 at a time when our organisation, despite having the tools, rules, and procedures, etc. was experiencing an unacceptable accident frequency rate. Saipem top management identified a number of failings that stemmed from deep rooted failings in our safety culture that had to be addressed to maximise the safety of personnel. The LiHS programme uses a top-down, bottom-up approach that engages personnel at all levels, allowing them to each make their own personal contribution to the growth of a solid culture of safety. Between 2007 and 2023, LiHS has been responsible for an 86% reduction in our Total Recordable Incident Frequency Rate (TRIFR) and is estimated to have prevented 116 fatal accidents. This is due to both the dedication of management and workers and the ‘snowball’ effect of new safety campaigns, programmes and initiatives that could have only been created in an organisation that puts safety at the forefront of everything that it does.
This paper describes an accident prevention communication campaign, mandated by Saipem Top Management, which was created to raise awareness of the risks that are present when personnel are working at height (WAH). Key areas of focus include the adoption of safe behaviours and compliance with the rules to be observed when planning and executing WAH activities. Saipem's ‘Work Safe No Regrets’ (WSNR) demonstrates a firm management commitment to addressing emerging threats to our workforce.
Linking Chamber-Specific Spatial Chromatin Interactions to Disease Variants and Gene Programs in Human Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Haydar S. , Bednarz Rebecca , Laurette Patrick , Pedrosa Núria Díaz i , Videm P. , Lueneburg T. , Kuss S. , Lahm Harald , Dressen Martina , Krane Markus , Schmidt C. , Grüning B.A. , Streckfuß-Bömeke Katrin , Gilsbach Ralf 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cell-type specific gene expression programs and response to stimuli are modulated by cis-regulatory elements (CREs). CREs modulate the activity of spatially interacting gene promoters. Heart disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Here, we aim to decode CRE-promoter interactions in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes and link them to heart disease and genetic risk factors. Therefore, we analyze the epigenetic features and chromatin interactions of human atrial, ventricular, and failing cardiomyocytes (CM). In failing CM a limited number of genes, including NPPA, showed rewiring events orchestrating differential gene expression. Remarkably, we find that atrial and ventricular CM harbor chamber-specific chromatin interactions which are linked to gene expression indicating that chromatin organization underlies atrial and ventricular CM specification. The chamber-specific chromatin interactions also explain the contribution of non-coding genetic CRE variants to the occurrence of atrial and ventricular diseases, including atrial and ventricular arrhythmia. Functional silencing of CREs carrying genetic QT-duration risk factors confirmed their functional relevance.
Our human CM data demonstrates that cell type-specific chromatin interaction analysis provides crucial insights into regulatory mechanisms and aids the interpretation of genetic risk factors identified in patients and association studies.
A convolutional attention model for predicting response to chemo-immunotherapy from ultrasound elastography in mouse tumor models
Authors: Voutouri Chrysovalantis , Englezos Demetris , Zamboglou Constantinos , Strouthos Iosif , Papanastasiou Giorgos , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background. In the era of personalized cancer treatment, understanding the intrinsic heterogeneity of tumors is crucial. Despite some patients responding favorably to a particular treatment, others may not benefit, resulting in varied efficacy of standard therapies. This study focuses on the prediction of tumor response to chemo-immunotherapy, exploring the potential of tumor mechanics and medical imaging as predictive biomarkers. We have extensively studied "desmoplastic" tumors, characterized by a dense and very stiff stroma, which presents a significant challenge for treatment. The increased stiffness of such tumors can be restored through pharmacological intervention with mechanotherapeutics.
Methods. Here, we developed a deep learning methodology based on shear wave elastography (SWE) images, which involved a convolutional neural network (CNN) model enhanced with attention modules. The model was developed and evaluated as a predictive biomarker in the setting of detecting responsive, stable and non-responsive tumors to chemotherapy, immunotherapy or the combination, following mechanotherapeutics administration. A dataset of 1365 SWE images was obtained from 630 tumors from our previous experiments and used to train and successfully evaluate our methodology. SWE, in combination with deep learning models, has demonstrated promising results in disease diagnosis and tumor classification but their potential for predicting tumor response prior to therapy is not yet fully realized. Here we show, strong evidence that integrating SWE-derived biomarkers with automatic tumor segmentation algorithms enables accurate tumor detection and prediction of therapeutic outcomes,
Conclusions. This approach can enhance personalized cancer treatment by providing non-invasive, reliable predictions of therapeutic outcomes.
Plasma metabolomic signatures for copy number variants and COVID-19 risk loci in Northern Finland Populations
Authors: De Tisham , Coin Lachlan , Herberg Jethro , Johnson Michael , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Here, we present genome-wide metabolomic signatures for copy-number variants (CNV) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in two Finnish cohorts - The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966) and NFBC 1986. This work builds upon our earlier study of characterising common CNVs in the TSPAN8 gene. Here, we have carried out an analysis of CNVs in over 9,300 individuals and characterised their dosage effect (CNV-metabolomic QTL) on 228 plasma lipoproteins and metabolites. We have reported reference (normal physiology) metabolomic signatures for up-to ~ 2.6 million COVID-19 GWAS results from the GRASP database, including for outcomes related to COVID-19 death, severity, and hospitalisation. Furthermore, by analysing two exemplar genes for COVID-19 severity namely LZTFL1 and OAS1, both reported to have Neanderthal ancestry, we have reported here two additional candidate genes for COVID-19 severity biology, namely 1) NFIX, a gene related to viral (adenovirus) replication and hematopoietic stem cells and 2) ACSL1, a known candidate gene for sepsis and bacterial inflammation. Based on our results and current literature we hypothesise that 1) charge imbalance across the cellular membrane between cations (Fe2+, Mg2+ etc) and anions (e.g., ROS, hydroxide ion from cellular Fenton reactions, superoxide etc), 2) iron trafficking within and between different cell types e.g., macrophages and 3) systemic oxidative stress response (e.g., lipid peroxidation mediated inflammation), together could be of relevance in severe COVID-19 cases. To conclude, our unique atlas of univariate and multivariate metabolomic signatures for CNVs (~ 7.2 million signatures) and SNPs (~ 0.7 million signatures) with deep annotations of various multi omics data sets provide an important reference knowledge base for human metabolism and diseases.
Determinants of Quality Laboratory Service Provision among Government Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Nigatu Tsegalem , Deress Teshiwal , Mezgebu Bahriew , Adane Kasaw 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Clinical laboratory services are crucial for diagnosis and disease management, but their quality in developing countries is often poor due to technical and administrative limitations. Incorrect results can lead to misdiagnosis, inappropriate interventions, increased patient suffering, and unnecessary expenses. This study aimed to identify key determinants affecting the quality of laboratory services among government referral hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2023 at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire and checklist. After coding, data were entered into Epi Data Version 4.6 and exported to STATA version 14.1 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings of the study. Further, multivariable logistic regression has assessed the association between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Three hundred six medical laboratory professionals from five government comprehensive specialized hospitals participated. Over half had a bachelor’s degree, and about 58% had more than 11 years of experience. The overall quality of laboratory services was 51.6% [95% CI: (46.01–57.22)]. Factors significantly associated with higher quality laboratory services included communication with physicians (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.28, 6.59), the opportunity to attend continuing professional education and development programs (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.29, 5.52), participation in laboratory refresher training (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI: 2.03, 7.85), availability of adequate laboratory equipment (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.81, 6.8), and sufficient active laboratory staff (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.95, 7.2).
Conclusion
The overall quality of laboratory services was poor. Gaps were identified in laboratory staff communication with physicians, access to continuing professional education and refresher training, adequacy of laboratory equipment, and staffing levels. These gaps highlight the need for improved communication between laboratory staff and physicians, increased opportunities for continuing professional education and development and refresher training, ensuring sufficient and well-maintained laboratory equipment, and adequate staffing levels.