bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing motion profiles for the rotating coulisse within a complex mechanism used for harvesting cotton in a vertical spindle machine
Authors: Siddikov Shukhrat , Abdazimov Anvar , Atadjanova M M , Abdikayimova G A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a multiloop of the coulisse mechanism (MCM) for a vertical spindle cotton harvester, designed by researchers at the Tashkent State Technical University (TSTU). The MCM aims to improve cotton harvesting efficiency by increasing the contact time between open bolls and the harvesting mechanism. The paper outlines the research objectives, which include: determining the kinematic parameters of the MCM using the graphic-analytical method; constructing acceleration plans for key points within the mechanism. The research methodology is based on kinematic analysis and computer-aided graphic-analytical studies. The paper highlights the challenges associated with using analytical formulas due to their complexity and computational demands. Therefore, the authors advocate for the graphic-analytical method, citing its effectiveness and compatibility with modern computer technology. The paper acknowledges previous research on the MCM, including the determination of speed parameters, and references relevant figures from earlier publications. Finally, the paper mentions the initial data for the analysis, which includes the mechanism plan at a specific coulisse angle. Overall, this abstract summarizes the development and analysis of a new cotton harvesting mechanism, emphasizing the chosen methodology and key findings.
Determination of the probabilistic content of organic fertilizer fractions after exposure to arch-destroying and crushing agrotechnological devices
Authors: Ibragimov Abdirasuli , Abdurakhmanov Abdukarim , Uteniyazov Pulat , Artykbaev Bakhtiyar , Khadzhiev Adham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Achieving stable and uniform dosing of organic fertilizers during local application necessitates the crushing of large lumps to a specific size range. The process of breaking down these lumps follows a random distribution. By leveraging the integral function of the normal distribution of random variables intertwined with principles of probability theory, equations are formulated to ascertain the distribution of lump sizes within organic fertilizers. Furthermore, these equations enable the calculation of the likelihood of obtaining lumps of specified sizes post the interaction of the vault-breaker-shredder’s fingers with counter-cutting ribs on the fertilizer. This analytical approach provides a systematic method to optimize the sizing and distribution of organic fertilizer particles for enhanced application efficiency and effectiveness.
The Vocal Apparatus
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed and easy-to-follow description of the anatomy involved in voice production. It describes the structures involved in singing and how they work to produce the voice. The chapter further explains how these structures work—the physiology of breathing, phonation, and the supraglottic structures, that is, the resonators that amplify and modify the sound into the singing voice.
From Function to Performance
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of basic aspects of the singing voice, including vocal range and voice types, and how the physiologic function of the vocal apparatus translates into vocal performance. Concepts such as the transition points (primo and secondo passaggio) are discussed and explained in terms of mechanism. A discussion of vibrato, including its possible purpose, is included. Finally, a shorter section deals with the often-neglected topic of the speaking voice.
Frequent Complaints, Common-Sense Solutions
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A few common complaints that affect singers account for most visits to the doctor. This chapter addresses these issues, which may seem insignificant to some but can have a major impact on vocal performers. These include excess mucus, pain and discomfort, throat infections, and nasal obstruction. We emphasize how singers can identify these problems and offer practical suggestions for self-management.
Diet and Singing
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Weight is a controversial topic for singers. As the visual aspects of performance have become more important, the appearance of performers has become the subject of increasing scrutiny. The authors take the position that singers should maintain a weight that is normal for them and allows them to sing and act comfortably. A certain amount of weight is healthy, in terms of both general well-being and support of the voice. This chapter offers specific suggestions for a healthy diet in this context and cautions against precipitous and excessive weight loss.
Demonic Possession and the Proof of True Faith
Authors: Watzka Carlos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Paulus Knorr von Rosenroth wrote a lengthy report on three cases of demonic possession in Graz in 1599–1600, just as tension between Catholics and Lutherans brought the threat of civil war. The appearance of a peasant girl who claimed to be possessed by evil spirits became important for Catholic clergy, who hoped to demonstrate that only believers in the true faith were given the divine power to expel demons. Two more cases of demonic possession were observed in the city, one of which involved a member of court society, and even Archduke Ferdinand and his family attended the exorcisms. Knorr von Rosenroth was one of those who conducted the exorcisms, but his report was denied episcopal approval and the manuscript disappeared in the diocesan archive for four hundred years.
Possession and Exorcism in Kōfuku no Kagaku
Authors: Pokorny Lukas K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Kōfuku no Kagaku (internationally known as Happy Science) is a major Japanese new religious movement with branches operating worldwide. A central theme in recent years has been the potential of possession by evil spirits. In this respect, Kōfuku no Kagaku offers a variety of exorcistic and apotropaic rituals. This chapter examines how spirit possession is understood in Kōfuku no Kagaku doctrine and delineates a broad range of practical measures offered to members to combat and ward off possession. In Kōfuku no Kagaku, exorcism functions as a power node of faith in practice. Moreover, it is intended to serve members as a compass for an ideal conduct of life.
Demons in the Country, Demons in the City
Authors: Sersch Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores three distinct possession narratives reflecting conspiratorial thinking and the underlying anxieties that fuel these narratives. Anxiety about proper sexual behavior and appropriate gender norms coupled with opposition to existing power structures and economic uncertainty appear to be significant motivating factors for those who take up conspiratorial thought, especially with reference to demonic possession. The suppression of the Roman Bacchanalian (Dionysiac) rites has distinct parallels to the unspoken anxieties of German Catholic immigrants living in the midwestern United States in the 1920s, as attested in a pamphlet describing the exorcism of Anna Ecklund, and these same fears, in a contemporary setting, motivated many of those who took part in the attack on the US Capitol on 6 January 2021. “Demons” are at work in society as political opponents are “demonized,” a theme that also leaves itself open to satire.
Confirming the Causal Role of Consistent Contexts in Developing a Walking Habit: A Randomized Comparison With Varied Contexts
Authors: Ebert Jane E J , Lin Xin Yao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Physical activity interventions using habit development may help people increase and then maintain physical activity increases over time. Enacting behavior in consistent contexts is a central component of habit development, yet its causal role in habit development in health behaviors has not been confirmed.

Purpose
This study tests the causal role of consistent context in habit development in health behavior, using a randomized control trial of a planning intervention to develop a walking habit in 127 insufficiently active, working, midlife adults in a real-world setting.

Methods
We compare participants who plan walking in consistent contexts with controls who plan walking in varied contexts and with controls not required to plan on a change in average daily steps (measured using an accelerometer) and inhabit automaticity during a 4-week intervention and at a 4-week follow-up.

Results
As expected, consistent and varied context planners increased walking during the intervention, but only consistent context planners developed (and maintained) habit automaticity. Counter to expectations, consistent context planners did not show walking maintenance. However, across conditions, participants who developed more habit automaticity during the intervention also maintained walking more (decreased less). Having a routine daily schedule moderated some effects. Notably, no-plan controls with greater routine developed more habit automaticity, mediated by walking in more consistent contexts.

Conclusions
This study confirms the causal role of consistent contexts in developing a walking habit, in a real-world setting, with an important but challenging population for physical activity interventions and identifies a facilitating condition common for many: a routine schedule.
ReadCurrent: a VDCNN-based tool for fast and accurate nanopore selective sequencing
Authors: Fan Kechen , Li Mengfan , Zhang Jiarong , Xie Zihan , Jiang Daguang , Bo Xiaochen , Zhao Dongsheng , Shi Shenghui , Ni Ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nanopore selective sequencing allows the targeted sequencing of DNA of interest using computational approaches rather than experimental methods such as targeted multiplex polymerase chain reaction or hybridization capture. Compared to sequence-alignment strategies, deep learning (DL) models for classifying target and nontarget DNA provide large speed advantages. However, the relatively low accuracy of these DL-based tools hinders their application in nanopore selective sequencing. Here, we present a DL-based tool named ReadCurrent for nanopore selective sequencing, which takes electric currents as inputs. ReadCurrent employs a modified very deep convolutional neural network (VDCNN) architecture, enabling significantly lower computational costs for training and quicker inference compared to conventional VDCNN. We evaluated the performance of ReadCurrent across 10 nanopore sequencing datasets spanning human, yeasts, bacteria, and viruses. We observed that ReadCurrent achieved a mean accuracy of 98.57% for classification, outperforming four other DL-based selective sequencing methods. In experimental validation that selectively sequenced microbial DNA from human DNA, ReadCurrent achieved an enrichment ratio of 2.85, which was higher than the 2.7 ratio achieved by MinKNOW using the sequence-alignment strategy. In summary, ReadCurrent can rapidly classify target and nontarget DNA with high accuracy, providing an alternative in the toolbox for nanopore selective sequencing. ReadCurrent is available at https://github.com/Ming-Ni-Group/ReadCurrent.
Nonparametric worst-case bounds for publication bias on the summary receiver operating characteristic curve
Authors: Zhou Yi , Huang Ao , Hattori Satoshi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve has been recommended as one important meta-analytical summary to represent the accuracy of a diagnostic test in the presence of heterogeneous cutoff values. However, selective publication of diagnostic studies for meta-analysis can induce publication bias (PB) on the estimate of the SROC curve. Several sensitivity analysis methods have been developed to quantify PB on the SROC curve, and all these methods utilize parametric selection functions to model the selective publication mechanism. The main contribution of this article is to propose a new sensitivity analysis approach that derives the worst-case bounds for the SROC curve by adopting nonparametric selection functions under minimal assumptions. The estimation procedures of the worst-case bounds use the Monte Carlo method to approximate the bias on the SROC curves along with the corresponding area under the curves, and then the maximum and minimum values of PB under a range of marginal selection probabilities are optimized by nonlinear programming. We apply the proposed method to real-world meta-analyses to show that the worst-case bounds of the SROC curves can provide useful insights for discussing the robustness of meta-analytical findings on diagnostic test accuracy.
Influence of vitamin D in orthodontic tooth movement—a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in humans
Authors: Tini Akansha , Subramanian Saravana Kumar , Anbarasu Prema , Munusamy Naveen , Balamurugan Bhavana , Antony Arul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Orchestration of tooth movement necessitates an equilibrium of bone synthesis and resorption. Vitamin D, through receptor-mediated actions, regulates the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts and also induces osteoclastogenesis, maintaining this equilibrium.

Objective
To analyze the impact of vitamin D in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Search method
A comprehensive exploration of the existing literature was conducted by systematic search through seven e-databases.

Selection criteria
The criteria for inclusion were established using the PICO format: Orthodontic patients treated with fixed appliance (P), administered with vitamin D3 (I), collated with appropriate control groups (C), with tooth movement as the primary outcome and root resorption, anchorage loss, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, pain perception, and alveolar bone density as the secondary outcome (O).

Data collection and analysis
After an extensive database search, 251 articles were obtained. Six articles were chosen following a stringent selection using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The critical appraisal of randomized control trials (RCTs) involved the meticulous application of the RoB 2 tool. The quantitative synthesis incorporated a subset of six articles only.

Results
In the meta-analysis investigating the influence of vitamin D on OTM, a notable disparity was evident between the vitamin D and control groups. Specifically, the standardized mean difference (SMD) stood at 1.43, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.691 to 2.169 (P = .00154). For root resorption, the SMD was recorded at −0.51, with a 95% CI spanning from −3.051 to 2.031 (P = .11).

Conclusions
The rate of tooth movement was enhanced by systemic and local administration of vitamin D. However, the inadequacy of available data is a hindrance in determining conclusively the impact of vitamin D on the extent of root resorption. The resolution of this quandary needs future human studies devoted toward investigating the influence of vitamin D in the realms of OTM and associated root resorption, thereby providing a definitive elucidation.

Registration details
Prospero- CRD42023491783
Comparative Genomics Uncovers the Evolutionary Dynamics of Detoxification and Insecticide Target Genes Across 11 Phlebotomine Sand Flies
Authors: Charamis Jason , Balaska Sofia , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Dvořák Vít , Mavridis Konstantinos , McDowell Mary Ann , Pavlidis Pavlos , Feyereisen René , Volf Petr , Vontas John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sand flies infect more than 1 million people annually with Leishmania parasites and other bacterial and viral pathogens. Progress in understanding sand fly adaptations to xenobiotics has been hampered by the limited availability of genomic resources. To address this gap, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the transcriptomes of 11 phlebotomine sand fly species. Subsequently, we leveraged these genomic resources to generate novel evolutionary insights pertaining to their adaptations to xenobiotics, including those contributing to insecticide resistance. Specifically, we annotated over 2,700 sand fly detoxification genes and conducted large-scale phylogenetic comparisons to uncover the evolutionary dynamics of the five major detoxification gene families: cytochrome P450s (CYPs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Using this comparative approach, we show that sand flies have evolved diverse CYP and GST gene repertoires, with notable lineage-specific expansions in gene groups evolutionarily related to known xenobiotic metabolizers. Furthermore, we show that sand flies have conserved orthologs of (i) CYP4G genes involved in cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis, (ii) ABCB genes involved in xenobiotic toxicity, and (iii) two primary insecticide targets, acetylcholinesterase-1 (Ace1) and voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC). The biological insights and genomic resources produced in this study provide a foundation for generating and testing hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying sand fly adaptations to xenobiotics.
Psychiatric Comorbidity Does Not Enhance Prescription Opioid Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease as It Does in the General Population
Authors: Bernstein Charles N , Fisk John D , Walld Randy , Bolton James M , Sareen Jitender , Patten Scott B , Singer Alexander , Lix Lisa M , Hitchon Carol A , El-Gabalawy Renée , Katz Alan , Graff Lesley A , Marrie Ruth Ann ,   for the CIHR Team in Defining the Burden and Managing the Effects of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Chronic Immunoinflammatory Disease, Marrie Ruth Ann , Bolton James M , Sareen Jitender , Patten Scott B , Singer Alexander , Lix Lisa M , Hitchon Carol A , El-Gabalawy Renée , Katz Alan , Fisk John D , Bernstein Charles N , Graff Lesley , Berrigan Lindsay , Zarychanski Ryan , Peschken Christine , Marriott James , Kowalec Kaarina , Berrigan Lindsay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about patterns of opioid prescribing in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but pain is common in persons with IBD. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of opioid use in adults with IBD and an unaffected reference cohort and assessed factors that modified opioid use.

Methods
Using population-based health administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, we identified 5233 persons with incident IBD and 26 150 persons without IBD matched 5:1 on sex, birth year, and region from 1997 to 2016. New and prevalent opioid prescription dispensations were quantified, and patterns related to duration of use were identified. Generalized linear models were used to test the association between IBD, psychiatric comorbidity, and opioid use adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, physical comorbidities, and healthcare use.

Results
Opioids were dispensed to 27% of persons with IBD and to 12.9% of the unaffected reference cohort. The unadjusted crude incidence per 1000 person-years of opioid use was nearly twice as high for the IBD cohort (88.63; 95% CI, 82.73-91.99) vs the reference cohort (45.02; 95% CI, 43.49-45.82; relative risk 1.97; 95% CI, 1.86-2.08). The incidence rate per 1000 person-years was highest in those 18-44 years at diagnosis (98.01; 95% CI, 91.45-104.57). The relative increase in opioid use by persons with IBD compared to reference cohort was lower among persons with psychiatric comorbidity relative to the increased opioid use among persons with IBD and reference cohort without psychiatric comorbidity.

Discussion
The use of opioids is more common in people with IBD than in people without IBD. This does not appear to be driven by psychiatric comorbidity.
Lenacapavir to prevent HIV infection: current prices versus estimated costs of production
Authors: Hill Andrew , Levi Jacob , Fairhead Cassandra , Pilkington Victoria , Wang Junzheng , Johnson Madison , Layne Jevon , Roberts David , Fortunak Joseph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite improvements in treatment and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access, 1.3 million people acquired HIV in 2022. Six-monthly lenacapavir PrEP could benefit tens of millions of people at high risk of infection. However, prices are currently up to $44 819 per person per year (pppy).

Objectives
We projected minimum lenacapavir pricing based on generic mass production and a Cost-Plus (Cost+) model.

Methods
Current active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and key starting materials (KSMs) costs were obtained from export databases. The routes of synthesis (ROS) were analysed to project a cost of goods (COGs). Formulation, vials and profit margin costs were included using standardized algorithms and Cost+ pricing. We estimated prices with scale-up to supply 1 million then 10 million treatment-years, comparing this with national list prices.

Results
The lenacapavir API is currently exported from India for $64 480/kg on 1 kg scale. Based on the ROS and KSMs, API COGs of $25 000/kg and $10 000/kg are achievable for a committed demand of 1 million (2 million tonnes/annum of API) and 10 million treatment-years, respectively. Including formulation steps, injectable lenacapavir could be mass produced for approximately $94 pppy for 1 million and $41 for 10 million treatment-years, if voluntary licences are in place and competition between generic suppliers substantially improves. Greater scale-up with improvements in manufacturers’ ROS could reduce prices further. Currently lenacapavir costs $25 395–44 819 pppy.

Conclusions
Lenacapavir could be mass produced for &lt;$100 pppy at launch. Voluntary licensing and multiple suppliers are required to achieve these low prices. This mechanism is already in place for other antiretrovirals. To date, Gilead has not agreed lenacapavir voluntary licences with the Medicines Patent Pool.
Transgenic poplar (Populus davidiana×P. bolleana Loucne) expressing dsRNA of insect chitinase gene: lines identification and resistance assay
Authors: Jiang Yun-Xiao , Li Man-Yu , Han Qing , Tan Jia-Lin , Wang Zi-Yan , Jing Tian-Zhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Poplar is a valuable tree species that is distributed all over the world. However, many insect pests infest poplar trees and have caused significant damage. To control poplar pests, we transformed a poplar species, Populus davidiana × P. bolleana Loucne, with the dsRNA of the chitinase gene of a poplar defoliator, Clostera anastomosis (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), employing an Agrobaterium-mediated approach. The transgenic plant has been identified by cloning the T-DNA flanking sequences using TAIL-PCR and quantifying the expression of the dsRNA using qPCR. The toxicity assay of the transgenic poplar lines was carried out by feeding the target insect species (C. anastomosis). The results showed that, in C. anastomosis, the activity of chitinase was significantly decreased, consistent with the expression on mRNA levels, and the larval mortality was significantly increased. These results suggested that the transgenic poplar of dsRNA could be used for pest control.