bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric vision screening using the plusoptiX A12C photoscreener in Chinese preschool children aged 3 to 4 years
Authors: Huang Dan , Chen Xuejuan , Zhang Xiaohan , Wang Yue , Zhu Hui , Ding Hui , Bai Jing , Chen Ji , Fu Zhujun , Wang Zijin , Liu Hu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated the performance of plusoptiX A12C in detecting amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) in Chinese children aged 3-to-4-year. PlusoptiX examination was successfully conducted among 1,766 subjects without cycloplegia to detect refractive error, asymmetry and media opacity. Cycloplegic retinoscopy (CR) was conducted on 357 children suspected of having vision abnormalities. Statistical differences between CR and the device were confirmed using the mean spherical value (+1.41 ± 0.87 D versus +1.14 ± 0.81 D), cylindrical value (−0.47 ± 0.64 versus −0.84 ± 0.78) and spherical equivalent (SE) value (+1.17 ± 0.84 D versus +0.72 ± 0.64 D) (all P < 0.0001). In the emmetropia group, the differences were statistically significant for the cylinder and SE (all P < 0.0001) but not the sphere (P = 0.33). In the hyperopia group, the differences were statistically significant for the sphere, cylinder and SE (all P < 0.0001). For refractive and strabismic ARFs detection, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated, respectively.
Calcium-deficient Hydroxyapatite as a Potential Sorbent for Strontium
Authors: Sekine Yurina , Motokawa Ryuhei , Kozai Naofumi , Ohnuki Toshihiko , Matsumura Daiju , Tsuji Takuya , Kawasaki Riku , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA calcium (Ca)-deficient hydroxyapatite was investigated for its potential to remove Sr2+ from environmentally relevant water. We conducted sorption tests on solutions containing magnesium ion (Mg2+) and calcium ion (Ca2+) as competing cations at a strontium ion (Sr2+) concentration of 0.05 mmol/L. The Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite maintained a high Sr2+ sorption ratio of above 80% in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ at the concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 mmol/L, whereas the stoichiometric hydroxyapatite showed a lower ratio even in the presence of small amounts of Mg2+ and Ca2+ (72% for Mg2+ and 51% for Ca2+ at 0.1 mmol/L). For solutions with various Sr2+ concentrations between 0.01 and 10 mmol/L, Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite exhibited a higher Sr2+ sorption ratio than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. The bonding states of Sr2+ on the Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite were evaluated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The results indicated that there are specific sorption sites in Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite where Sr2+ is stably and preferentially immobilized.
Nitric oxide donor protects against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats via S-nitrosylation of TRPV1 on vagus nerve
Authors: Han Ting , Tang Yan , Li Jing , Xue Bing , Gong Liping , Li Jingxin , Yu Xiao , Liu Chuanyong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer of rats and the underlying mechanisms. We found that peritoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, decreased the ulcer area, inflammatory cell infiltration and MPO degree in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. This effect was abolished by a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist or prior subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. SNP increased the jejunal mesenteric afferent discharge in a dose-depended manner, which was largely diminished by pretreatment of S-nitrosylation blocker N-ethylmaleimide, TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, genetic deletion of TRPV1, or vagotomy. Whole-cell patch clamp recording showed that SNP depolarized the resting membrane potential of NG neurons, and enhanced capsaicin-induced inward current, which were both blocked by N-ethylmaleimide. Our results suggest that NO donor SNP alleviates acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats via vagus nerve, while S-nitrosylation of TRPV1 may participate in this route. Our findings reveal a new mechanism for vagal afferent activation, and a new potential anti-inflammatory target.
The Failure Envelope Concept Applied To The Bone-Dental Implant System
Authors: Korabi R. , Shemtov-Yona K. , Dorogoy A. , Rittel D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDental implants interact with the jawbone through their common interface. While the implant is an inert structure, the jawbone is a living one that reacts to mechanical stimuli. Setting aside mechanical failure considerations of the implant, the bone is the main component to be addressed. With most failure criteria being expressed in terms of stress or strain values, their fulfillment can mean structural flow or fracture. However, in addition to those effects, the bony structure is likely to react biologically to the applied loads by dissolution or remodeling, so that additional (strain-based) criteria must be taken into account. While the literature abounds in studies of particular loading configurations, e.g. angle and value of the applied load to the implant, a general study of the admissible implant loads is still missing. This paper introduces the concept of failure envelopes for the dental implant-jawbone system, thereby defining admissible combinations of vertical and lateral loads for various failure criteria of the jawbone. Those envelopes are compared in terms of conservatism, thereby providing a systematic comparison of the various failure criteria and their determination of the admissible loads.
Conserved presence of G-quadruplex forming sequences in the Long Terminal Repeat Promoter of Lentiviruses
Authors: Perrone Rosalba , Lavezzo Enrico , Palù Giorgio , Richter Sara N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractG-quadruplexes (G4s) are secondary structures of nucleic acids that epigenetically regulate cellular processes. In the human immunodeficiency lentivirus 1 (HIV-1), dynamic G4s are located in the unique viral LTR promoter. Folding of HIV-1 LTR G4s inhibits viral transcription; stabilization by G4 ligands intensifies this effect. Cellular proteins modulate viral transcription by inducing/unfolding LTR G4s. We here expanded our investigation on the presence of LTR G4s to all lentiviruses. G4s in the 5′-LTR U3 region were completely conserved in primate lentiviruses. A G4 was also present in a cattle-infecting lentivirus. All other non-primate lentiviruses displayed hints of less stable G4s. In primate lentiviruses, the possibility to fold into G4s was highly conserved among strains. LTR G4 sequences were very similar among phylogenetically related primate viruses, while they increasingly differed in viruses that diverged early from a common ancestor. A strong correlation between primate lentivirus LTR G4s and Sp1/NFκB binding sites was found. All LTR G4s folded: their complexity was assessed by polymerase stop assay. Our data support a role of the lentiviruses 5′-LTR G4 region as control centre of viral transcription, where folding/unfolding of G4s and multiple recruitment of factors based on both sequence and structure may take place.
E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk
Authors: Canistro Donatella , Vivarelli Fabio , Cirillo Silvia , Babot Marquillas Clara , Buschini Annamaria , Lazzaretti Mirca , Marchi Laura , Cardenia Vladimiro , Rodriguez-Estrada Maria Teresa , Lodovici Maura , Cipriani Caterina , Lorenzini Antonello , Croco Eleonora , Marchionni Silvia , Franchi Paola , Lucarini Marco , Longo Vincenzo , Della Croce Clara Maria , Vornoli Andrea , Colacci Annamaria , Vaccari Monica , Sapone Andrea , Paolini Moreno 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are devices designed to deliver nicotine in a vaping solution rather than smoke and without tobacco combustion. Perceived as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, e-cigs are aggressively marketed as lifestyle-choice consumables, thanks to few restrictions and a lack of regulatory guidelines. E-cigs have also gained popularity among never-smokers and teenagers, becoming an emergent public health issue. Despite the burgeoning worldwide consumption of e-cigs, their safety remains largely unproven and it is unknown whether these devices cause in vivo toxicological effects that could contribute to cancer. Here we demonstrate the co-mutagenic and cancer-initiating effects of e-cig vapour in a rat lung model. We found that e-cigs have a powerful booster effect on phase-I carcinogen-bioactivating enzymes, including activators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and increase oxygen free radical production and DNA oxidation to 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, we found that e-cigs damage DNA not only at chromosomal level in peripheral blood, such as strand breaks in leucocytes and micronuclei formation in reticulocytes, but also at gene level such as point mutations in urine. Our results demonstrate that exposure to e-cigs could endanger human health, particularly among younger more vulnerable consumers.
Association study and expression analysis of CYP4A11 gene copy number variation in Chinese cattle
Authors: Yang Mingjuan , Lv Jingqiao , Zhang Liangzhi , Li Mingxun , Zhou Yang , Lan Xianyong , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe identification of copy number variations (CNVs) allow us to explore genomic polymorphisms. In recent years, significant progress in understanding CNVs has been made in studies of human and animals, however, association and expression studies of CNVs are still in the early stage. It was previously reported that the Cytochrome P-450 4A11 (CYP4A11) gene is located within a copy number variable region (CNVR) that encompasses quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for economic traits like meat quality and milk production. So, this study was performed to determine the presence of CYP4A11 CNV in six distinct cattle breeds, identify its relationship with growth, and explore the biological effects of gene expression. For three CYP4A11 CNV types, Normal was more frequent than Gain or Loss. Association analysis revealed a positive effect of CYP4A11 copy number on growth traits (P < 0.05). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis revealed that more CYP4A11 copies increased the gene expression level. Moreover, overexpression of CYP4A11 in vitro revealed its effect on lipid deposit. The data provide evidence for the functional role of CYP4A11 CNV and provide the basis for future applications in cattle breeding.
Facile synthesis and characterisation of uniform and monodispersed In(OH)3 and In2O3 microcubes
Authors: Xu Zhenhe , Lin Junying , Yu He , Sun Yaguang , Ding Fu , Fan Hongtao , Shi Shan , Fang Qinghong , Bi Yanfeng , Gao Yu 
Published: May 2017

In(OH)3 microcubes have been successfully synthesised by a direct precipitation in solution at room temperature without using any surfactant or template. Furthermore, the In2O3 microcubes were obtained through calcining the In(OH)3 microcubes. The results show that the as‐prepared In(OH)3 and In2O3 products have a cube shape with a mean edge length of 190 and 155 nm, respectively. The self‐assembly process via orientation attachment is proposed in order to explain the growth mechanism for the microcubes. Upon ultraviolet excitation, a broad blue photoluminescence emission with its maximum intensity centred at 466 nm is shown, which is due to the oxygen deficiencies in the In2O3 microcubes. It endows these microcubes with potential application, such as liquid crystal devices, solar‐energy conversion, optical and electric devices.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Craniotomy in Pathophysiology and Prevention of Recurrence
Authors: Deb Prabal , Sundaravadhanan Shashivadhanan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCurrent body of evidence suggests that the maintenance or enlargement of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is caused by multiple factors. Inflammatory and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–induced accumulation of hematoma plays an important role in pathophysiology of cSDH. If neomembrane is implicated in the propagation of inflammatory mediators, excision of the culprit membrane becomes essential to treat and prevent recurrence of cSDH. This retrospective study was conducted in a service hospital where 48 cases of cSDH were operated in 2 years. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Surgical procedure offered included burr hole craniotomy (BHC), twist drill craniotomy (TDC), or craniotomy (Cr) with excision of neomembrane. Cr was offered whenever there was suspicion or evidence of reaccumulation, solid or calcified hematoma formation, nonobliteration of the subdural space, or numerous thick membranes as were demonstrated in imaging. In Cr maximum part of outer neomembrane was excised and margins were coagulated. The excised outer neomembrane was sent for immunohistochemical examination to assess the VEGF expression. Depending on the VEGF expression as seen on the microscope, these expressions were grouped into weak, moderate, or strong VEGF expression. The study showed that cSDH patients with neomembrane formation benefit from Cr. The strong VEGF expression from the excised neomembrane further strengthens the proinflammatory VEGF theory propagation of cSDH. It further proves that excision of the culprit membrane is essential to prevent recurrences.
Leadership in Pediatric Surgery from a Trainee's Perspective
Authors: Zimmer Julia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRole models are fundamental for anyone entering the field of medicine. Proper leadership is especially essential in surgical subspecialties to guide young doctors through their training, ensure surgical experience and skill development, and teach the values of professional and ethical behavior and team management. In the complex field of pediatric surgery, which is composed of a unique patient clientele and age-dependent conditions, specialization, experience, and a strong executive are vital for patient care. Leaders in pediatric surgery are required to find a suitable balance between guidance and controlling a trainee's actions to ensure correct medical and surgical treatment and provide young doctors with the opportunity to grow and gain independent experience. When teaching the present generation of trainees, current leaders need to consider the specific characteristics of the so-called “Millennials” to avoid tension and frustration due to generation diversity. This article aims to assess leadership qualities, character traits, challenges, and expectations in pediatric surgery from a trainee's perspective.
Exercise as an Effective Transgenerational Strategy to Overcome Metabolic Syndrome in the Future Generation: Are We There?
Authors: Tibana Ramires , Franco Octávio , Pereira Rinaldo , Navalta James , Prestes Jonato 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) consist in a combination of cardiovascular risk factors including elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity. Exercise performed before, during and after pregnancy can exert positive effects to counteract MetS risk factors. Here this review aims to analyze the effects of exercise performed before (fathers and mothers) and after periconception (mothers) by using experimental models and its effects on MetS risk factors in offspring. All selected studies investigated the effects of aerobic exercise before, during and after periconception on MetS risk factors in offspring, while no studies utilizing resistance exercise were found. Exercise performed before, and after periconception exerted preventive effects in the offspring, with regards to MetS risk factors. However, more studies focusing on the dose-response of exercise before, and after periconception may reveal interesting results on MetS risk factor in offspring. Thus, the prevention from chronic degenerative diseases can be improved by mother exercise and might be associated with epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, hPTMs (histone post translational modifications), non-coding RNAs (ex: MicroRNAs) which results phenotypic modifications by individual genome reprograming. Otherwise, results from paternal exercise are inconclusive at this time.
MRT-basierte Bestimmung des Risikos für die Lese-Rechtschreib-Störung im Vorschulalter
Authors: Skeide Michael 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Lese-Rechtschreib-Störung (LRS) gilt als die häufigste aller Lernentwicklungsstörungen überhaupt. Etwa 5% der deutschen Bevölkerung leidet unter den psychischen und sozialen Folgen schwerwiegender umschriebener Probleme beim Erlernen des Lesens und Schreibens. LRS entsteht aus dem komplexen Zusammenspiel von genetischen Faktoren und Umweltfaktoren (z. B. sprachliche Lernvoraussetzungen im Elternhaus). In zahlreichen vorangegangenen Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) Studien wurde zudem gezeigt, dass der linke gyrus fusiformis (FFG, sogenanntes „visuelles Wortformareal“) des Gehirns eine entscheidende Rolle für den Schriftspracherwerb spielt. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit legt nahe, dass die kortikale Plastizität des FFG bei LRS durch das Tragen einer Risikovariante des Gens NRSN1 eingeschränkt sein könnte, dessen Proteine u. a. das Wachstum von Dendriten steuern. NRSN1 erwies sich als signifikant mit dem Volumen des linken FFG assoziiert, welches mithilfe von voxelbasierter Morphometrie (VBM) auf Grundlage von MRT Aufnahmen gemessen wurde. Anhand der durch genetische Assoziation bestimmten volumetrischen Profile von Kindern, die sich etwa 10 Monate vor Schuleintritt befanden, konnte die spätere Ausprägung einer LRS mit einer Klassifikationsgenauigkeit von 75% vorhergesagt werden. Diese Daten lassen hoffen LRS in Zukunft so früh feststellen zu können, dass betroffene Kinder in der Lage sind ihre Defizite vor der Einschulung mithilfe von Frühförderungsmaßnahmen zu kompensieren.
The Effect of Repetitive Rugby Scrummaging on Force Output and Muscle Activity
Authors: Cochrane Darryl , Harnett Keegan , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolas , Hapeta Jeremy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring rugby scrummaging, front row forwards encounter high levels of force that has been suggested to cause transient fatigue and is likely to reduce subsequent performance. However, little is known about the effect of repetitive scrummaging on force output and onset of fatigue. Twelve male front row forwards (21.5±2.3 yr; height 185.7±4.4 cm; body mass 108.5±7.1 kg) each performed three sets of five maximal-effort isometric scrums for 10 s, with 40 s rest separating each repetition; 2 min recovery was provided between each set. Force output and electromyography (EMG) of the right medial gastrocnemius (MG), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GM), erector spinae (ES), rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and rectus femoris (RF) were assessed. There was no significant force decrement from performing 15 scrums and no fatigue was detected from EMG median frequency and mean amplitude. For training and practice purposes, coaches and trainers can be confident that 15 individual repetitive static scrums against a machine are unlikely to cause a reduction in force production and promote fatigue. However, the effect of rugby-related activities in conjunction with scrummaging requires further research to determine if transient fatigue is causal to scrummaging for subsequent performance.
Illocutionary force and modality
Authors: Revuelta Puigdollers Antonio R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The first part of this chapter discusses the linguistic and non-linguistic tools available for studying illocutionary force and modality in Ancient Greek; the second part applies these findings to the study of the diachronic evolution of ó:phelon (ὤφελον) from a verb into an illocutionary particle. As I will try to prove, this diachronic evolution is driven by pragmatic principles and the different steps in this evolution have a formal reflection in the linguistic context (modal attraction of subordinate clauses, use of negations, word order and so on). The chapter follows the model of previous research that shows the usefulness of a pragmatic approach for explaining the linguistic data of so-called dead languages. This chapter adds a diachronic perspective.
Pragmatic functions of the Latin vocative
Authors: Ctibor Michal 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article explores pragmatic aspects of the Latin vocative. The vocative is taken as a syntactically independent utterance and independent speech act with its specific communicative functions (illocutionary force). The traditionally recognized functions of “call” and “address” are first defined and shown not to cover (contrary to the common opinion) the whole scope of vocative functions. Then, the other functions of the vocative in Latin and other languages are described. Finally, some space is given to a discussion about how such a pragmatic approach to the study of the vocative is related to the sociolinguistic approach of Dickey (2002).
Quapropter, quaeso? ‘Why, for pity’s sake?’
Authors: Fedriani Chiara 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This contribution aims to shed further light on some well-studied deverbal Latin Pragmatic Markers (PMs), that is, procedural elements originally derived from verbs which become frozen in form and acquired new intersubjective meanings. In particular, I will focus on quaeso, obsecro, and amabo ‘please’ in Plautus, which have been widely discussed in the relevant literature above all with regard to their primary function, namely that of politeness markers softening the illocutionary force of orders and requests, and in relation to their sociolinguistic distribution. In this study, I shall focus rather on the less widely studied values developed by quaeso, obsecro, and amabo when used in questions in Plautus. The data show that these markers express a range of meanings which go far beyond politeness and the illocutionary functions of mitigation, coming to convey a variety of personal stances, strengthening of pragmatic force and even (mock) impoliteness, thus realizing a sort of “pragmatic reversal” (in the words of Mazzon 2007).
Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Authors: Torrego Esperanza 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper explores word order (WO) in the Res Gestae Divi Augusti (RGDA), a non-literary text, and offers a basis for both, a comparison between Word Order in literary and non-literary texts, and a comparison between Latin and Greek. After studying different positions occupied by the basic pragmatic functions and by the Verb, it concludes that the pragmatic roles display a strong tendency to occupy fixed spots, in particular: the initial position, preferred by the (New) Topic, the preverbal position, usually occupied by the Focus, and the final position, often filled by the Verb. The preverbal position is highly relevant: any material in preverbal position shows salience. The Tails are used to add information about either the New Topic or the Focus. This means that the right periphery is treated as a salient position.
Polar questions in Latin with and without the enclitic particle -ne
Authors: Schrickx Josine 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Latin enclitic particle -ne, which may be of an affirmative origin, is an optional focusing particle of polar questions, which in Latin can also occur without any particle. To analyse polar questions I have distinguished four groups of questions in the comedies of Plautus and Terence, according to pragmatic criteria. Both kinds of questions can occur in all groups, but questions without a particle have a stronger tendency to appear among those related to the speech situation, questions with a particle among those with a directive force. Moreover, as has often been observed, the particle -ne seems to be preferred in combination with certain host words. I have checked whether these are also frequent in the first position of interrogative sentences without -ne.