bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of aqueous secondary organic aerosol from biomass-burning emissions
Authors: Gilardoni Stefania , Massoli Paola , Paglione Marco , Giulianelli Lara , Carbone Claudio , Rinaldi Matteo , Decesari Stefano , Sandrini Silvia , Costabile Francesca , Gobbi Gian Paolo , Pietrogrande Maria Chiara , Visentin Marco , Scotto Fabiana , Fuzzi Sandro , Facchini Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Organic aerosol (OA) is a dominant component of atmospheric aerosol worldwide, and it is recognized as a key factor affecting air quality and possibly climate. Observations indicate that more than one-half of the global OA is of secondary origin. Traditional models typically underpredict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass, suggesting that a complete knowledge of SOA formation mechanisms is lacking. We show that aqueous-phase processing of biomass-burning emissions contributes to SOA formation. Such aqueous SOA absorbs UV and visible light more efficiently that other OA components. Aqueous chemistry processing of biomass-burning emissions should be taken into account in air quality and climate models for a correct description of the global OA budget and its climate-relevant optical properties.
Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Qi , Liu Feihua , Yang Tiannan , Gadinski Matthew R. , Zhang Guangzu , Chen Long-Qing , Wang Qing 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Polymers are the materials of choice for high-energy capacitive storage devices due to their inherent advantages such as being lightweight, their ease of processing, and their high dielectric strength. Yet, their performance deteriorates significantly with increasing operating temperature, which falls short of emerging energy applications under harsh conditions. Here we demonstrate the sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with greatly improved energy densities, high power densities, and remarkable charge–discharge efficiencies that far exceed those of the existing polymer-based dielectrics at 150 °C, a temperature oriented toward electric vehicle applications. The development of polymer-based dielectric materials capable of high-temperature operation represents a key element in meeting the technological challenges and fulfilling the requirements of advanced electronics and electrical power systems.
Power in everyday life
Authors: Smith Pamela K. , Hofmann Wilhelm 
Published: August 2016

SignificanceAlthough power is a fundamental part of human relations, little is known about power in daily life. We studied the everyday experience of power by surveying individuals multiple times over 3 d regarding their subjective feelings of power and positional power. Power dynamics were a common, though not constant, experience. Rather than power being concentrated among a few individuals, almost half of participants reported sometimes holding high-power positions. People’s feelings of power did not always map onto the positions they held. Most variability in power was related to people’s changing situations rather than their stable traits. Low power negatively affected mood and cognition. Contrary to negative stereotypes of powerholders, higher power was associated with greater feelings of responsibility.
Using the shortwave infrared to image middle ear pathologies
Authors: Carr Jessica A. , Valdez Tulio A. , Bruns Oliver T. , Bawendi Moungi G. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Imaging with shortwave infrared (SWIR) light has great potential for visualizing biological structures previously undetectable with visible light. To demonstrate the clinical potential of SWIR imaging, we developed a medical otoscope sensitive to SWIR light. We show that the unique transmission of SWIR light through tissue improves resolution of anatomical structures lying behind thin tissue membranes like the ear drum. We therefore significantly improve imaging of underlying middle ear anatomy. SWIR imaging also allows identification of disease characterized by fluid accumulation, as in the diagnosis of otitis media. With successful diagnosis of otitis media estimated at 51% for US pediatricians, objectifying this diagnosis could curb the antibiotic resistance associated with an estimated 2 million overdiagnoses each year.
Disulfide cross-linking influences symbiotic activities of nodule peptide NCR247
Authors: Shabab Mohammed , Arnold Markus F. F. , Penterman Jon , Wommack Andrew J. , Bocker Hartmut T. , Price Paul A. , Griffitts Joel S. , Nolan Elizabeth M. , Walker Graham C. 
Published: August 2016

SignificanceTerminal differentiation of endocytosed rhizobia into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids inside of legume root nodules is orchestrated by a large family of host-encoded cysteine-rich signaling peptides. These peptides have diverse effects on bacteria, but their molecular mechanisms of action are still unknown. The presence of highly conserved cysteine motifs in this peptide family results in an additional layer of complexity because each individual peptide can potentially form several disulfide–cross-linked regioisomers under oxidative conditions. By demonstrating several distinct patterns of relative activities between the three disulfide–cross-linked regioisomers of NCR247, its reduced form, and a variant lacking cysteines, our work suggests that disulfide cross-linking can augment the rich complexity ofRhizobium-legume chemical communication required for symbiosis.
Embryogenesis and Early Growth of Pure Strains and Hybrids of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus and Sampa Heterobranchus longifilis
Authors: Olufeagba S O , Okomoda V T , Shuibu G 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The embryonic development, early growth and survival of pure and reciprocal hybrid crosses of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus and Sampa Heterobranchus longifilis were studied. The morula and blastula stages occurred 5 and 10 min earlier, respectively, in pure crosses (at 4 h, 10 min and 5 h after fertilization, respectively) than in hybrids. Timing of gastrulation in pure strain H. longifilis and the ♀ H. longifilis × ♂ C. gariepinus cross was earlier (9 h) than in pure strain C. gariepinus and ♀C. gariepinus × ♂ H. longifilis (9 h, 25 min), but similar timings were recorded during the somite stages (18 h). Hatching started at 23 h in H. longifilis, at 23 h, 10 min in C. gariepinus, and at 23 h, 15 min in the hybrids. Yolk absorption was complete in 4 d, but exogenous feeding began on the third day (72 h) when larvae weighed 0.7± 0.01 mg (mean ± SE). After 4 weeks of feeding ad libitum with shell-free Artemia, pure crosses of both species grew better than the hybrids, and C. gariepinus recorded the highest weight (83.33 mg). The hybrids, however, showed significantly higher survival than did the pure strains.
PPI4DOCK: large scale assessment of the use of homology models in free docking over more than 1000 realistic targets
Authors: Yu Jinchao , Guerois Raphaël 
Published: August 2016

Motivation: Protein–protein docking methods are of great importance for understanding interactomes at the structural level. It has become increasingly appealing to use not only experimental structures but also homology models of unbound subunits as input for docking simulations. So far we are missing a large scale assessment of the success of rigid-body free docking methods on homology models.
Results: We explored how we could benefit from comparative modelling of unbound subunits to expand docking benchmark datasets. Starting from a collection of 3157 non-redundant, high X-ray resolution heterodimers, we developed the PPI4DOCK benchmark containing 1417 docking targets based on unbound homology models. Rigid-body docking by Zdock showed that for 1208 cases (85.2%), at least one correct decoy was generated, emphasizing the efficiency of rigid-body docking in generating correct assemblies. Overall, the PPI4DOCK benchmark contains a large set of realistic cases and provides new ground for assessing docking and scoring methodologies.
Availability and Implementation: Benchmark sets can be downloaded from http://biodev.cea.fr/interevol/ppi4dock/
Contact: guerois@cea.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Tutorial in Consumer Research: Process Theorization in Cultural Consumer Research
Authors: Giesler Markus , Thompson Craig J. 
Published: August 2016

How do researchers studying the cultural aspects of consumption theorize change? We propose four analytical workbench modes of process theorization in combination with nine genres of process-oriented consumer research, each presenting a distinctive combination of assumptions about the nature of change in market and consumption systems and consumers’ role in these processes. Through this framework, we provide consumer researchers with a useful interpretive tool kit for deriving a process-oriented theorization from the unwieldy complexity of longitudinal data.
Incidence of Pleural Fluid and Its Associated Risk Factors After Posterior Spinal Fusion in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Hayashi Kazunori , Terai Hidetomi , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Suzuki Akinobu , Hoshino Masatoshi , Tamai Koji , Ohyama Shoichiro , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: August 2016

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively-collected data.

Objective.
To determine the incidence pleural fluid (PF) and its associated risk factors after posterior corrective spinal fusion (PCSF) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
Subclinical PF is often observed after PCSF in AIS patients. However, a few reports have been published regarding the incidence, characteristics, and associated risk factors.

Methods.
A total of 76 AIS patients who underwent PCSF and followed up for a minimum of 1 year were enrolled in this study. The volume of PF in each thorax was detected with thoracolumbar CT images taken preoperatively, at 1 week and 3 months follow up. Patient demographics, comorbidities, operation factors, serum albumin levels, scoliotic parameters, occurrence of malposition of pedicle screw insertion, and complications were collected and analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results.
There were 71 female and five male patients (mean age, 16.2 yrs). All cases had a right convex curve in thoracic spine. Other causes of PF were not observed. PF was detected in 54 cases (71%) at 1 week postsurgery. It accumulated bilaterally in 36 cases, only in the right thorax in 13 cases, and only in the left thorax in five cases. There was significant difference between the depth of PF in the right and left sides (P < 0.001). The independent risk factor for PF was increased number of fused levels (OR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.31–11.47). The mean coronal curve correction rate and other scoliotic factors were not significantly correlated.

Conclusion.
PF was observed in 71% of the patients who underwent PCSF for AIS. The right thorax was more commonly involved than the left. A higher number of fused levels (11 or more) was an independent risk factor of PF.

Level of Evidence: 3
Geometric Torsion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Shen Jesse , Kadoury Samuel , Labelle Hubert , Roy-Beaudry Marjolaine , Aubin Carl-Éric , Parent Stefan 
Published: August 2016

Study Design.
Consecutive case series.

Objective.
To study geometric torsion in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to propose it as a numerical three-dimensional (3D) parameter that quantifies the scoliosis deformity.

Summary of Background Data.
AIS is a 3D deformity of the spine. The most widely accepted and used classification systems, however, still rely on two-dimensional aspects of x-rays. Yet, a 3D classification of AIS remains elusive because there is no widely accepted 3D parameter in the clinical practice.

Methods.
Analysis of 141 patients with Lenke type-1 deformity recruited in our institution. The Lenke classification was identified by two observers and 3D reconstructions were obtained using biplanar radiographs. Geometric torsion measuring the twisting effect of the spine was computed using a novel technique by approximating local arc lengths at the neutral vertebra in the thoracolumbar segment. An inter- and intragroup statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the torsion index, and how it relates to other 3D indices.

Results.
A statistically significant increase in torsion was observed between Lenke 1A (1.15 mm−1) and Lenke 1C (2.10 mm−1) subgroups. No differences were found between the Lenke 1B (1.75 mm−1) subgroup with either of the other two subgroups. An automatic classification based on torsion indices identified two groups: one with high torsion values (3.02 mm−1) and one with low torsion values (0.82 mm−1). Statistically significant differences were found between the main thoracic planes of maximum curvature (PMC) orientation of the high-torsion group (73.72°) and the low-torsion group (79.85°). Statistically significant differences were also found for the thoracolumbar/lumbar PMC orientation between the high-torsion group (56.41°) and the low-torsion group (49.25°).

Conclusion.
These results suggest that a numerical method of describing scoliosis in 3D is within reach. They also suggest the existence of two subgroups of 3D deformations based on torsion values (high and low) with links to PMC orientation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Authors: Venne Gabriel , Rasquinha Brian J. , Kunz Manuela , Ellis Randy E. 
Published: August 2016

Study Design.
Serial histological investigation was performed on 10 cadaveric specimens and biomechanical tests were performed on five specimens, both focused on the tissue connexion between the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPMi) and the spinal dura.

Objective.
This study had two components: to clarify the microscopic structure of the tissue link between RCPMi and the dura mater, and to evaluate the mechanical role of this tissue complex.

Summary of Background Data.
Dissection-based and imaging-based reports have suggested a connective tissue link between the RCPMi and the dura mater at the posterior-atlanto-occipital (PAO) level. Existence of this link, and properties, remain unclear.

Methods.
Histological investigation: RCPMi muscles, their bony attachments, PAO space, and adjacent spinal dura mater were resected from 10 cadavers. Tissues were subdivided into medial and lateral parts. Serial histological sections were prepared to cover maximum surface area; Masson trichrome stain was used to evaluate the tissue connection. Biomechanical investigation: individualized RCPMi muscles from five cadavers were detached from their origin. Each muscle was loaded incrementally up to 2 kg, with the cervical spine hyperextended. Using a structured light scanner, the dura mater was scanned for each loaded state. Comparison between unloaded and each loaded scanned surface quantified the displacement of the dura mater.

Results.
Histological investigation confirmed the existence of a connective tissue link between the RCPMi and the dura mater. The biomechanical testing suggests that this tissue link complex can reduce the bulging of the dura mater into the spinal canal, caused during hyperextension, by 53.4% ± 6.9% under RCPMi loading.

Conclusion.
This histological investigation clarified the structure of the tissue link between the RCPMi and the dura mater. The biomechanical testing indicated a potential mechanical function of the RCPMi in regards to the spinal dura mater, which may include a stabilizing role of the dura mater during neck extension.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Provides Better Surgical Outcomes Than Posterior Laminoplasty in Elderly Patients With C3-4 Level Myelopathy
Authors: Tamai Koji , Terai Hidetomi , Suzuki Akinobu , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Hoshino Masatoshi , Takahashi Shinji , Hayashi Kazunori , Ohyama Shoichiro , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: August 2016

Study Design.
Retrospective analyses of prospectively collected data regarding 180 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Objective.
To detect the characteristics of C3-4 level CSM in elderly patients (C3-4CSM) (main analysis) and to validate the postoperative outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and of laminoplasty (LAMP) (subgroup analysis).

Summary of Background Data.
It remains unclear which surgical technique offers the best outcomes for CSM.

Methods.
The main analysis included 180 patients with CSM, divided into two groups (C3-4CSM group, n = 46; conventional CSM group, n = 134) according to the findings of the preoperative physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging. The subgroup analysis included 46 patients with C3-4CSM, divided into two groups (ACDF group, n = 21; LAMP group, n = 25) according to surgical technique. Preoperative demographics and postoperative outcomes were compared.

Results.
The age at surgery was higher, disease duration was shorter, and preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was lower in the C3-4CSM group than in the conventional CSM group. Although the C3-4 range of motion was significantly higher, that of other levels was significantly lower in the C3-4CSM group. The anteroposterior diameter for levels C3-C7 was significantly larger in the C3-4CSM group. In the subgroup analysis using the repeated-measures analysis of variance, the postoperative JOA scores, and visual analog scale of neck pain were significantly better in the ACDF group.

Conclusion.
Higher age, shorter disease duration, and worse JOA scores appear to be characteristic of C3-4CSM. In the management of C3-4CSM, ACDF provided better surgical outcomes than did LAMP; hypermobility at the C3-4 level, a radiological characteristic of C3-4CSM, may be one of key factors affecting surgical outcome. The chance to diagnose C3-4CSM is increasing with the increasing healthy life expectancy. To enable effective resolution of symptoms, C3-4CSM must be distinguished from conventional CSM.

Level of Evidence: 4
Interpositional Arthroplasty Technique for Hallux Rigidus Using Amniotic Membrane and Regenerative Tissue Matrix
Authors: Garras David N. , Holton Jacob P. 
Published: August 2016

Hallux rigidus is a painful osteoarthritic condition of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. It is the most prevalent arthritic condition of the foot, affecting up to 1 in 40 adults over 50 years of age. Mild cases of hallux rigidus are frequently treated with cheilectomy, whereas severe cases are often treated with arthrodesis. Interposition arthroplasty is a joint-sparing alternative to fusion that has been used effectively in moderate to severe cases of hallux rigidus. This paper discusses a novel modification of interpositional arthroplasty technique using amniotic membrane graft and regenerative tissue matrix to successfully treat patients who have failed cheilectomy.
Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic Level 4. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Depressive symptoms across the menopause transition: findings from a large population-based cohort study
Authors: Hickey Martha , Schoenaker Danielle A.J.M. , Joffe Hadine , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to describe the trajectories of depressive symptoms in a large population-based cohort of midaged women, and to examine the associations of current and changing reproductive stage with depressive symptoms over time.

Methods:
Prospective, population-based cohort study of 13,715 women aged 45 to 50 years followed up for over 15 years (Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health). Nearly 6,000 women provided complete data for this study. Menopause status was determined from questionnaires about hysterectomy, oophorectomy, hormone therapy, and menstrual patterns. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD-10).

Results:
Latent class analysis indicated four distinct profiles of CESD-10 scores over 15 years: stable low (80.0%), increasing (9.0%), decreasing (8.5%), and stable high (2.5%). Those with “increasing” depressive symptoms were more likely to have had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or be perimenopausal at baseline compared with women in the “stable low” group. Depressive symptoms were higher in perimenopausal women, (higher CESD-10 score of 0.19, 95% CI 0.02, 0.31), after hysterectomy alone (0.53, 95% CI 0.31, 0.74), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with/without hysterectomy (0.85, 95% CI 0.58, 1.12), hormone therapy users (0.19, 95% CI 0.01, 0.36), and after starting or stopping hormone therapy compared with postmenopausal women (adjusted for sociodemographic factors, vasomotor symptoms, health behaviors, and history of depression diagnosis or treatment).

Conclusions:
Depressive symptoms follow distinct trajectories across the menopause transition. Most women have stable symptoms, but around 9% have increasing symptoms and a similar proportion (8.5%) decreasing symptoms. Increasing depressive symptoms were independent of vasomotor symptoms but were associated with oophorectomy and stopping or starting hormone therapy. A large number of women were excluded due to missing data, and thus the results should be interpreted with caution.
UNUSUAL CASE OF STELLATE NONHEREDITARY IDIOPATHIC FOVEOMACULAR RETINOSCHISIS
Authors: Dolz-Marco Rosa , Kato Kenneth , Freund K. Bailey , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of unilateral stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis (SNIFR) in a young male showing structural changes induced by a Valsalva maneuver.

Methods:
Case report of a 26-year-old oboist with SNIFR, including multimodal imaging. Eye-tracked spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to compare the retinal architecture at rest and during a Valsalva maneuver.

Results:
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed macular and peripapillary retinoschisis with no signs of pathologic myopia, optic pit, or vitreoretinal traction. A full-field electroretinogram showed supranormal responses in the eye studied. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed no abnormalities. Eye-tracked SD-OCT scans showed an increase in retinal thickness reaching 28 microns superior to the disc during an induced Valsalva maneuver.

Conclusion:
Stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis is a diagnosis made when other known causes of retinoschisis have been excluded. In this patient with unilateral SNIFR, an increase in retinal thickness during a Valsalva maneuver was demonstrated. Further study would be needed to determine the mechanism producing this change and to assess its potential influence on visual prognosis.