bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Characteristics of Fresh and Cooked Ground Beef can be Improved by the Incorporation of Lean Finely‐Textured Beef (LFTB)
Authors: Moon Courtney T. , Yancey Janeal W. S. , Apple Jason K. , Hollenbeck Jace J. , Johnson Timothy M. , Winters Ashley R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGround beef was formulated into six treatments of 82 or 93% lean with 0, 10, or 20% lean finely‐textured beef (LFTB). Batches (n = 5/treatment) were ground and formed into patties, then aerobically packaged for 5 days of simulated retail display to measure fresh color and lipid oxidation (TBARS). Additional patties were cooked to 71.1C before measuring external and internal cooked color, TBARS, and Lee‐Kramer shear force (LKSF). Lightness (L*), redness (a*), and pH of fresh patties increased (P < 0.05), whereas TBARS values were decreased (P < 0.05) on days 1, 2, and 4 of display, with increasing LFTB percentage. Cooking loss was lowest (P < 0.05) in 20% LFTB patties, whereas LKSF declined (P < 0.05) with increasing LFTB inclusion. Thus, LFTB incorporation up to 20% improved the quality of fresh ground beef patties and tenderness of cooked patties, without detrimentally impacting (P > 0.07) cooked color.Practical ApplicationsLean finely‐textured beef (LFTB) is a product made using an advanced meat recovery system from high‐fat, beef trimmings, and LFTB is treated with food‐grade ammonia to increase product pH and reduce potential pathogenic bacteria contamination. Even though LFTB has received considerable negative media coverage since 2012 (Yadavalli and Jones ), results of this research indicate that the inclusion of LFTB up to 20% could lend many positive quality characteristics to both fresh and cooked ground beef patties. Decreased lipid oxidation along with improved fresh color could result in a product with greater quality attributes, especially a more appealing color to consumers. With no negative effects on cooked color or cooking loss and the potential for increased tenderness, LFTB inclusion is a viable way to produce a desirable product while ensuring more complete utilization of beef carcasses.
Details of the gabbro‐to‐eclogite transition determined from microtextures and calculated chemical potential relationships
Authors: Schorn S. , Diener J. F. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPermian‐aged metagabbros from the eclogite type‐locality in the eastern European Alps were partially to completely transformed to eclogite during Eoalpine intracontinental subduction. Microtextures developed along a preserved fluid infiltration and reaction front in the gabbros record the incipient gabbro‐to‐eclogite transition, allowing the details of the eclogitization process to be investigated. Original, anorthite‐rich igneous plagioclase is pervasively replaced by fine‐grained intergrowths of clinozoisite, kyanite and Na‐rich plagioclase. Where plagioclase was in contact with igneous orthopyroxene, 100–200 μm thick bimineralic coronae of symplectic kyanite and diopsidic clinopyroxene form along the edges of the grains. The rims of igneous orthopyroxene develop a complementary bimineralic corona of diopsidic clinopyroxene and garnet. Igneous clinopyroxene does not show any breakdown textures; however, jadeite content gradually increases towards the rims. In addition, exsolution lamellae inherited from the igneous clinopyroxene become progressively more jadeitic as eclogitization proceeds. Given that the igneous plagioclase is pervasively replaced by clinozoisite, kyanite and Na‐rich plagioclase, whereas kyanite–diopside symplectites are confined to narrow rim zones, we suggest that the development of these textures was controlled by the (im)mobility of different elements on different length scales. The presence of hydrous minerals in the core of anhydrous plagioclase indicates that H2O diffusivity occurred on a mm‐scale. By contrast, the size of the anhydrous diopside–kyanite and diopside–garnet symplectites indicate that Fe–Mg–Ca–Na diffusivity was limited to a 10s of μm scale. Chemical potential relations calculated in the idealized NCASH chemical system show that the clinozoisite–kyanite–albite intergrowths formed due to an increase of μH2O to plagioclase, whereas all other elements remained effectively immobile on the scale of this texture. Fluid conditions indicated by this texture span from virtually dry conditions (0.15) to H2O‐saturation, and therefore does not imply that the rocks were ever fluid‐saturated. Calculations in the CMAS and NCFMAS systems show that the gabbro‐to‐eclogite transition is characterized by the growth of garnet, diopsidic clinopyroxene and kyanite due to diffusion of Ca (+ Na) and Mg (+ Fe) along a μCaO (+ Na2O)–μMgO (+ FeO) chemical potential gradient developed between orthopyroxene and plagioclase compositional domains. The anhydrous nature of the textures indicate that the gabbro‐to‐eclogite transition is not driven by hydration; however, increased μH2O acts as a catalyst that increases diffusivity of all elements and rates of dissolution–precipitation, allowing the overstepped metamorphic reactions to occur. Our results show that crustal eclogite formation requires low H2O content, confirming that true eclogites are dry rocks.
Hippocampal PER1: a circadian sentinel controlling RSKy activity during memory formation
Authors: Yoo Seung‐Hee , Eckel‐Mahan Kristin 
Published: August 2016

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Studies have demonstrated a pronounced dependence of memory formation on circadian time; however, the numerous mechanisms underlying this reliance are only beginning to be understood. While the 24‐h cellular clock controls various aspects of hippocampal memory formation, its consolidation in particular (i.e., its conversion from short‐term to long‐term memory), appears to be heavily dependent on circadian activity in hippocampal neurons. Hippocampal memory consolidation requires phosphorylation of the cAMP Response Element‐Binding protein, CREB, which upon phosphorylation promotes the transcription of genes necessary for long‐term memory formation. Rhythmic cAMP/ERK‐MAPK activity upstream of CREB is a necessary component. This Editorial highlights a study by Rawashdeh and coworkers, in which the authors establish the circadian clock gene Period1 (Per1) as a regulator of CREB phosphorylation in the mouse hippocampus, and thus reveal a functional link between circadian rhythms and learning efficiency.Read the highlighted article ‘Period1 gates the circadian modulation of memory‐relevant signaling in mouse hippocampus by regulating the nuclear shuttling of the CREB kinase pP90RSK’ on page 731.
Coming in First: Sound and Embodiment in Spelling Bees
Authors: Shankar Shalini 
Published: August 2016

The increasingly intense level of competition of the National Spelling Bee in recent years suggests that this “brain sport” has become a complex site for the politics of language standardization, media, and childhood competition. In this article I delve into this nexus to explore its heart: sound. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted at spelling bees and with spellers, families, officials, and media broadcasters, I examine how spellers experience the word as a mélange of sounds, the embodied processes that inform their orthographic choices, and how this sensory process made viewable for media audiences who may know little about orthography. Employing what Steve Feld (2015) has called “acoustemology,” I analyze competitive spelling through the lens of “firstness,” a concept the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1955) identified as a mode of being replete with unmediated feelings and qualities. Two‐minute spelling bee turns serve as ethnographic examples of language materiality that reveal the complex routines that spellers undertake in each spelling bee round. This onstage sensorium also provides a basis upon which media broadcasters create metasemiotic frameworks through which to observe and understand the complexity this sensory activity.Video abstract:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TOnAokn96E
DIRECTORS’ AND OFFICERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE AND FIRM VALUE
Authors: Hwang Joon Ho , Kim Byungmo 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examines the effect of directors' and officers' liability (D&O) insurance on firm value. Previous studies are divided on the value implication of D&O insurance: some argue for various benefits of being covered by D&O insurance, whereas others focus on the managerial opportunism stemming from being insured. In order to address whether D&O insurance increases firm value, we utilize a sample of quoted Korean companies from a period in which the disclosure of D&O insurance information was mandatory and there was a significant cross‐sectional variation in the firms' coverage of D&O insurance. We find that controlling for the endogeneity of D&O insurance coverage, D&O insurance increases firm value compared to noninsured firms. We also find evidence that the increase in firm value is pronounced for firms with greater growth opportunities, which suggests that D&O insurance can help firms to better convert growth opportunities into higher firm value.
Nigella sativa (black cumin seed) as a biological detoxifier in diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1
Authors: Rasouli‐Hiq A. A. , Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani F. , Mehri M. , Karimi‐Torshizi M. A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common feed contaminant that adversely affects bird performance and product quality. A total of 600 7‐day‐old quail chicks were randomly allotted to eight experimental groups in a completely randomized design with five replicate pens and 15 quails per pen. Experimental treatments including two levels of AFB1 (0 and 2.5 mg/kg) and 4 levels of Nigella sativa (NS) (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of diet) were offered from 7 to 35 days of age to quail chicks. Although feeding of AFB1 impaired gain (G) and feed conversion ratio, dietary NS increased G (p < 0.05). Relative weight of bursa of Fabricius increased with incremental levels of NS (p < 0.05). AFB1 decreased the size of heart, but incremental levels of NS increased the relative weight of heart (p < 0.05). The liver hypertrophy was observed in birds receiving AFB1 (p < 0.05). The birds in AFB1 group had smaller testes than other groups (p < 0.05). Hematocrit value in birds fed AFB1 was lower than that in other groups (p < 0.05) and incremental levels of NS increased blood hematocrit (p < 0.05). Amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in meat samples of the birds fed AFB1 was higher than those did not receive toxin but incremental levels of NS decreased the MDA concentration in affected birds (p < 0.05). AFB1 suppressed the humoral immunity of the birds while NS augmented the antibody titres against sheep red blood cell and Newcastle disease virus antigens (p < 0.05). AFB1 decreased lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and spore‐forming bacteria (SFB) but increased Escherichia coli (E. coli; p < 0.05). However, NS increased LAB and SFB but decreased the E. coli populations (p < 0.05). This study revealed that NS as a biological detoxifier could relatively attenuate the negative effects of AFB1 in quails.
Mixed‐Methods Study of Uptake of the Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) Telemedicine Model for Rural Veterans With HIV
Authors: Moeckli Jane , Stewart Kenda R. , Ono Sarah , Alexander Bruce , Goss Tyler , Maier Marissa , Tien Phyllis C. , Howren M. Bryant , Ohl Michael E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeExtension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) is a provider‐level telemedicine model successfully applied to hepatitis C care, but little is known about its application to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care. We performed a mixed‐methods evaluation of 3 HIV ECHO programs in the Veterans Health Administration, focusing on uptake by primary care clinics and veterans.MethodsAdministrative data were used to assess program uptake, including adoption (ie, proportion of primary care clinics participating) and reach (ie, proportion of eligible veterans participating). Veterans were considered eligible if they had an HIV diagnosis and lived nearer to a primary care clinic than to the HIV specialty clinic. We interviewed 31 HIV specialists, primary care providers (PCPs), and administrators engaged in HIV ECHO, and we analyzed interview transcripts to identify factors that influenced program adoption and reach.FindingsNine (43%) of 21 primary care clinics adopted HIV ECHO (range 33%‐67% across sites). Program reach was limited, with 47 (6.1%) of 776 eligible veterans participating. Reach was similar among rural and urban veterans (5.3% vs 6.3%). In interviews, limited adoption and reach were attributed partly to: (1) a sense of “HIV exceptionalism” that complicated shifting ownership of care from HIV specialists to PCPs, and (2) low HIV prevalence and long treatment cycles that prevented rapid learning loops for PCPs.ConclusionsThere was limited uptake of HIV ECHO telemedicine programs in settings where veterans historically traveled to distant specialty clinics. Other telemedicine models should be considered for HIV care.
Decentralized Networked Control of Building Structures
Authors: Bakule Lubomír , Rehák Branislav , Papík Martin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe article presents a new method for the design of decentralized networked switched controllers to mitigate the response of building structures under earthquakes. It consists of two phases. The first phase generates low‐order gain matrices based on the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control design. It includes a substructural approach when the equations of motion of substructures are extracted from the equation of motion of the overall structures described by a finite element in‐plane (2‐D) model. Appropriate model reduction procedures, determination of damping as well as the selection of sensor and actuators locations and models are applied to each substructure. The sensors and actuators are implemented into the design model. Both resulting reduced‐order state space models of substructures are used for the proper LQG control design. The obtained local controllers are implemented into the overall structure to evaluate the performance of the closed‐loop system. Displacement, drift, acceleration, maximal actuator forces as well as dynamic responses on selected locations are checked. The computational originality is the method derived under the subsequent second phase, where the gain matrices computed in the first phase serve as a tool for the design of decentralized networked switched controller. The switching is realized periodically between two switched modes. Each mode corresponds with only one active local feedback loop for a certain period of time. The network parameter is the time interval of activity of each mode determined by a given protocol. Robustness of performance against packet dropouts and sensor faults is tested. A numerical example of the decentralized networked switched controller design applied on the 20‐story high‐fidelity building benchmark model is supplied. The simulation tests show the proposed method exhibits acceptable performance.
Thf1 interacts with PS I and stabilizes the PS I complex in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942
Authors: Zhan Jiao , Zhu Xi , Zhou Wei , Chen Hui , He Chenliu , Wang Qiang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThylakoid formation1 protein (Thf1) is a multifunctional protein that is conserved in all photosynthetic organisms. In this study, we used the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 (hereafter Synechococcus) to show that the level of Thf1 is altered in response to various stress conditions. Although this protein has been reported to be involved in thylakoid formation, the thylakoid membrane in the thf1 deletion strain (ΔThf1) was not affected. Compared with the WT, ΔThf1 showed reduced PS II activity, with increased levels of D1 under high light (HL) conditions, which was resulted from blocked D1 degradation by the FtsH protease and thus inhibits PS II repair. PS I was found to be more seriously affected than PS II in ΔThf1, even under low light conditions, suggesting that PS I damage could be the primary effect of thf1 deletion in Synechococcus. Further analysis revealed that the ΔThf1 mutant had a lower PS I subunit content and lower PS I stability under HL conditions. Further sucrose gradient fractionation of the membrane protein complexes and crosslinking and immunoblot analysis indicated that Thf1 interacts with PS I. Together, our results reveal that Thf1 interacts with PS I and thereby stabilizes PS I in Synechococcus.
Risk factors for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: Analysis of a 36‐year experience in a University Hospital
Authors: Nakao Masatsugu , Yamamoto Izumi , Maruyama Yukio , Morishita Masamitsu , Nakashima Akio , Matsuo Nanae , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Ikeda Masato , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoyama Keitaro , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimEncapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but serious complication that occurs in peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors, especially peritonitis and biocompatible PD fluid.MethodsThe study included 703 patients who received PD between January 1980 and March 2015 at two centres. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had developed EPS (EPS group: n = 44) and those who had no documentary evidence of EPS (non‐EPS group: n = 659). The independent risks of EPS were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic models.ResultsEncapsulating peritoneal sclerosis occurred in 44/703 (6.3%) patients between January 1980 and March 2015. In multivariate logistic models of risk factors correlated with EPS, dialysate to plasma creatinine ratio (D/P Cr) by peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and history of peritonitis were risk factors for EPS development (P < 0.01, respectively) in addition to PD duration. Especially, total duration of peritonitis, defined by period between onset and resolution of peritonitis, was an important risk factor for EPS development in patients with a history of peritonitis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that cut‐off point for EPS development was 36 days. Moreover, biocompatible PD fluid contributed to decreased EPS development.ConclusionBoth the longer duration of peritonitis and higher D/P Cr, as well as the longer PD duration, were risk factors for EPS development. Furthermore, use of biocompatible PD fluid contributed to the decrease in EPS development.
Pure invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction with lymph nodes and liver metastasis
Authors: Hattori Takuya , Sentani Kazuhiro , Hattori Yui , Oue Naohide , Yasui Wataru 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInvasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC), an aggressive variant of adenocarcinoma, is associated with a poor prognosis. Although IMPC has been reported to occur in various organs, pure IMPC has only been reported in the breast, pancreas and colon. There are no reports of IMPC of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). According to previous reports on gastric IMPC, IMPC occupied, at most, 90 % of the whole tumor. IMPC is reported to occur least frequently in the gastric cardia. We herein report a rare case of pure IMPC of the EGJ. A 71‐year‐old male patient presented with epigastric distress. Gastric endoscopy demonstrated an irregularly‐elevated lesion of 50 mm in diameter at the EGJ. The patient underwent proximal gastrectomy, resection of the regional lymph nodes and a punch biopsy of the liver. A histopathological examination revealed that almost all of the regions, including the lymph nodes and the sites of liver metastasis, contained IMPC and that a minute region (<1 % of the whole cancer) contained tubular or papillary adenocarcinoma. The further accumulation of pure IMPC cases like the present case would help to elucidate its pathogenesis.
Variation of pathotypes and races and their correlations with clonal lineages in Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Jiménez‐Díaz R. M. , Olivares‐García C. , Trapero‐Casas J. L. , Jiménez‐Gasco M. M. , Navas‐Cortés J. A. , Landa B. B. , Milgroom M. G. 
Published: August 2016

Understanding pathogenic variation in plant pathogen populations is key for the development and use of host resistance for managing verticillium wilt diseases. A highly virulent defoliating (D) pathotype in Verticillium dahliae has previously been shown to occur only in one clonal lineage (lineage 1A). By contrast, no clear association has yet been shown for race 1 with clonal lineages. Race 1 carries the effector gene Ave1 and is avirulent on hosts that carry resistance gene Ve1 or its homologues. The hypothesis tested was that race 1 arose once in a single clonal lineage, which might be expected if V. dahliae acquired Ave1 by horizontal gene transfer from plants, as hypothesized previously. In a diverse sample of 195 V. dahliae isolates from nine clonal lineages, all race 1 isolates were present only in lineage 2A. Conversely, all lineage 2A isolates displayed the race 1 phenotype. Moreover, 900‐bp nucleotide sequences from Ave1 were identical among 27 lineage 2A isolates and identical to sequences from other V. dahliae race 1 isolates in GenBank. The finding of race 1 in a single clonal lineage, with identical Ave1 sequences, is consistent with the hypothesis that race 1 arose once in V. dahliae. Molecular markers and virulence assays also confirmed the well‐established finding that the D pathotype is found only in lineage 1A. Pathogenicity assays indicated that cotton and olive isolates of the D pathotype (lineage 1A) were highly virulent on cotton and olive, but had low virulence on tomato.
Adverse Infant Outcomes Associated with Discordant Gestational Age Estimates
Authors: Morken Nils‐Halvdan , Skjærven Rolv , Richards Jennifer L. , Kramer Michael R. , Cnattingius Sven , Johansson Stefan , Gissler Mika , Dolan Siobhan M. , Zeitlin Jennifer , Kramer Michael S. ,   the PREBIC Epidemiology Working Group
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundGestational age estimation by last menstrual period (LMP) vs. ultrasound (or best obstetric estimate in the US) may result in discrepant classification of preterm vs. term birth. We investigated whether such discrepancies are associated with adverse infant outcomes.MethodsWe studied singleton livebirths in the Medical Birth Registries of Norway, Sweden and Finland and US live birth certificates from 1999 to the most recent year available. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by discordant and concordant gestational age estimation for infant, neonatal and post‐neonatal mortality, Apgar score <4 and <7 at 5 min, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were estimated using generalised linear models, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, year of birth, and infant sex. Results were presented stratified by country.ResultsCompared to infants born at term by both methods, infants born preterm by ultrasound/best obstetric estimate but term by LMP had higher infant mortality risks (range of adjusted RRs 3.9 to 7.2) and modestly higher risks were obtained among infants born preterm by LMP but term by ultrasound/best obstetric estimate (range of adjusted RRs 1.6 to 1.9). Risk estimates for the other outcomes showed the same pattern. These findings were consistent across all four countries.ConclusionsInfants classified as preterm by ultrasound/best estimate, but term by LMP have consistently higher risks of adverse outcomes than those classified as preterm by LMP but term by ultrasound/best estimate. Compared with ultrasound/best estimate, use of LMP overestimates the proportion of births that are preterm.