bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of Higgs dilaton and critical Higgs inflation
Authors: García-Bellido Juan 
Published: January 2018

We test the Higgs dilaton inflation model (HDM) using the latest cosmological datasets, including the cosmic microwave background temperature, polarization and lensing data from thePlancksatellite (2015), the BICEP and Keck Array experiments, the type Ia supernovae from the JLA catalogue, the baryon acoustic oscillations from CMASS, LOWZ and 6dF, the weak lensing data from the CFHTLenS survey and the matter power spectrum measurements from the latest SDSS data release. We find that the values of all cosmological parameters allowed by the HDM are well within thePlancksatellite (2015) constraints. In particular, we determine,,,and(at 95.5% c.l.). We also place new stringent constraints on the couplings of the HDM,ξχ<0.00328 and(at 95.5% c.l.). We find that the HDM is only slightly better than thew0waCDM model, with. Given that the HDM has two fewer parameters, we find Bayesian evidence favouring the HDM over thew0waCDM model. We also study the critical Higgs inflation model, taking into account the running of both the self-coupling λ(μ) and the non-minimal coupling to gravityξ(μ). We find peaks in the curvature power spectrum at scales corresponding to the critical valueμthat re-enter during the radiation era and collapse to form a broad distribution of clustered primordial black holes, which could constitute today the main component of dark matter.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Higgs cosmology’.
The serendipity of electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: Servant Géraldine 
Published: January 2018

The origin of the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the universe remains unexplained in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The origin of the flavour structure is another major puzzle of the theory. In this article, we report on recent work attempting to link the two themes through the appealing framework of electroweak (EW) baryogenesis. We show that Yukawa couplings of SM fermions can be the source of CP violation for EW baryogenesis if they vary at the same time as the Higgs is acquiring its vacuum expectation value, offering new avenues for EW baryogenesis. The advantage of this approach is that it circumvents the usual severe bounds from electric dipole moments. These ideas apply if the mechanism explaining the flavour structure of the SM is connected to EW symmetry breaking, as motivated for instance in Randall–Sundrum or Composite Higgs models. We compute the resulting baryon asymmetry for different configurations of the Yukawa coupling variation across the bubble wall and show that it can naturally be of the right order.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Higgs cosmology’.
Meta-Analysis of ERP Investigations of Pain Empathy underlines methodological issues in ERP research
Authors: Coll Michel-Pierre 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEmpathy has received considerable attention from the field of cognitive and social neuroscience. A significant portion of these studies used the event-related potential (ERP) technique to study the mechanisms of empathy for pain in others in different conditions and clinical populations. These show that specific ERP components measured during the observation of pain in others are modulated by several factors and altered in clinical populations. However, issues present in this literature such as analytical flexibility and lack of type 1 error control raise doubts regarding the validity and reliability of these conclusions. The current study compiled the results and methodological characteristics of 40 studies using ERP to study empathy of pain in others. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that the centro-parietal P3 and late positive potential component are sensitive to the observation of pain in others, while the early N1 and N2 components are not reliably associated with vicarious pain observation. The review of the methodological characteristics shows that the presence of selective reporting, analytical flexibility and lack of type 1 error control compromise the interpretation of these results. The implication of these results for the study of empathy and potential solutions to improve future investigations are discussed.
Facilitated event-related power-modulations during transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) revealed by concurrent tACS-MEG
Authors: Kasten Florian H. , Maess Burkhard , Herrmann Christoph S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNon-invasive approaches to modulate oscillatory activity in the brain receive growing popularity in the scientific community. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to modulate neural oscillations in a frequency specific manner. Due to a massive stimulation artifact at the targeted frequency, only little is known about effects of tACS during stimulation. I.e. it remains unclear how the continuous application of tACS affects event-related oscillations during cognitive tasks. Depending on whether tACS merely affects pre‐ or post-stimulus oscillations or both, stimulation can alter patterns of event-related oscillatory dynamics in various directions or may not affect them at all. Thus, knowledge about these directions is crucial to plan, predict and understand outcomes of solely behavioral tACS experiments. Here, a recently proposed procedure to suppress tACS artifacts by projecting MEG data into source space using spatial filtering was utilized to recover event-related power modulations in the alpha band during a mental rotation task. MEG of twenty-five volunteers was continuously recorded. After 10 minutes of baseline measurement, they received either 20 minutes of tACS at individual alpha frequency or sham stimulation. Another 40 minutes of MEG were acquired thereafter. Data were projected into source space and carefully examined for residual artifacts. Results revealed strong facilitation of event-related power modulations in the alpha band during tACS application. Data provide first direct evidence, that tACS does not counteract top-down suppression of intrinsic oscillations, but rather enhances pre-existent power modulations within the range of the individual alpha (=stimulation) frequency.SignificanceTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is increasingly used in cognitive neuroscience to study the causal role of brain oscillations and cognition. However, online effects of tACS so far largely remain a ‘black box’ due to an intense electromagnetic artifact encountered during stimulation. The current study is the first to employ a spatial filtering approach to recover and systematically study event-related oscillatory dynamics during tACS, which can potentially be altered in various directions. TACS facilitated pre-existing patterns of oscillatory dynamics during the employed mental rotation task, but does not counteract or overwrite them. In addition, control analysis and a measure to quantify tACS artifact suppression are provided that can enrich future studies investigating tACS online effects.
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function
Authors: Dick Anthony Steven , Garic Dea , Graziano Paulo , Tremblay Pascale 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this review, we examine the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and explore its function. We first review structural connectivity studies using tract-tracing methods in non-human primates, and diffusion-weighted imaging and electrostimulation in humans. These studies suggest a monosynaptic connection exists between the lateral inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the medial superior frontal gyrus. This connection is termed the FAT. We then review research on the left FAT’s putative role in supporting speech and language function, with particular focus on speech initiation, stuttering and verbal fluency. Next, we review research on the right FAT’s putative role supporting executive function, namely inhibitory control and conflict monitoring for action. We summarize the extant body of empirical work by suggesting that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements through the resolution of competition among potential motor plans. However, we also propose some domain specialization across the hemispheres. On the left hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for speech actions. On the right hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for general action control of the organism, especially in the visuo-spatial domain. We close the review with a discussion of the clinical significance of the FAT, and suggestions for further research on the pathway.HighlightsThe frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a recently identified fiber pathwayIt connects inferior frontal gyrus with medial frontal motor areasThe left FAT has been associated with speech and language functionThe right FAT has been associated with inhibitory controlBoth FAT pathways may function in sequential motor planning
EEG-triggered TMS reveals stronger brain state-dependent modulation of motor evoked potentials at weaker stimulation intensities
Authors: Schaworonkow Natalie , Triesch Jochen , Ziemann Ulf , Zrenner Christoph 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundCorticospinal excitability depends on the current brain state. The recent development of real-time EEG-triggered transcranial magnetic stimulation (EEG-TMS) allows studying this relationship in a causal fashion. Specifically, it has been shown that corticospinal excitability is higher during the scalp surface negative EEG peak compared to the positive peak of µ-oscillations in sensorimotor cortex, as indexed by larger motor evoked potentials (MEPs) for fixed stimulation intensity.ObjectiveWe further characterize the effect of µ-rhythm phase on the MEP input-output (IO) curve by measuring the degree of excitability modulation across a range of stimulation intensities. We furthermore seek to optimize stimulation parameters to enable discrimination of functionally relevant EEG-defined brain states.MethodsA real-time EEG-TMS system was used to trigger MEPs during instantaneous brain-states corresponding to µ-rhythm surface positive and negative peaks with five different stimulation intensities covering an individually calibrated MEP IO curve in 15 healthy participants.ResultsMEP amplitude is modulated by µ-phase across a wide range of stimulation intensities, with larger MEPs at the surface negative peak. The largest relative MEP-modulation was observed for weak intensities, the largest absolute MEP-modulation for intermediate intensities. These results indicate a leftward shift of the MEP IO curve during the µ-rhythm negative peak.ConclusionThe choice of stimulation intensity influences the observed degree of corticospinal excitability modulation by µ-phase. Lower stimulation intensities enable more efficient differentiation of EEG µ-phase-defined brain states.
In vivo multiphoton microscopy of cardiomyocyte calcium dynamics in the beating mouse heart
Authors: Jones Jason S. , Small David M. , Nishimura Nozomi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe demonstrated intravital multiphoton microscopy in the beating heart in an intact mouse and optically measured action potentials with GCaMP6f, a genetically-encoded calcium indicator. Images were acquired at 30 fps with spontaneous heart beat and continuously running ventilated breathing. The data were reconstructed into three-dimensional volumes showing tissue structure, displacement, and GCaMP activity in cardiomyocytes as a function of both the cardiac and respiratory cycle.
Choice History Biases Subsequent Evidence Accumulation
Authors: Urai Anne E. , de Gee Jan Willem , Tsetsos Konstantinos , Donner Tobias H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPerceptual choices depend not only on the current sensory input, but also on the behavioral context. An important contextual factor is the history of one’s own choices. Choice history often strongly biases perceptual decisions, and leaves traces in the activity of brain regions involved in decision processing. Yet, it remains unknown how such history signals shape the dynamics of later decision formation. Models of perceptual choice construe decision formation as the accumulation of sensory evidence towards decision bounds. In this framework, it is commonly assumed that choice history signals shift the starting point of accumulation towards the bound reflecting the previous choice. We here present results that challenge this idea. We fit bounded-accumulation decision models to behavioral data from perceptual choice tasks, and estimated bias parameters that depended on observers’ previous choices. Across multiple task protocols and sensory modalities, individual history biases in overt behavior were consistently explained by a history-dependent change in the evidence accumulation, rather than in its starting point. Choice history signals thus seem to bias the interpretation of current sensory input, akin to shifting endogenous attention towards (or away from) the previously selected interpretation.
Elongator is required for root stem cell maintenance by regulatingSHORT ROOTtranscription
Authors: Qi Linlin , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhai Huawei , Liu Jian , Wu Fangming , Li Chuanyou , Chen Qian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSHORTROOT(SHR) is essential for stem cell maintenance and radial patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, but how its expression is regulated is still unknown. Here, we report that Elongator regulates the transcription ofSHR. The depletion of Elongator drastically reducedSHRexpression and led to defective root stem cell maintenance and radial patterning. The importance of the nuclear localization of Elongator for its functioning, together with the insensitivity of theelp1mutant to the transcription elongation inhibitor 6-azauracil and the direct interaction of the ELP4 subunit with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII CTD), support the notion that Elongator plays important roles in transcription elongation. Indeed, we found that ELP3 associates with the pre-mRNA ofSHRand that mutation of Elongator reduces the enrichment of RNAPII on theSHRgene body. Moreover, Elongator interacted in vivo with SUPPRESSOR OF Ty4 (SPT4), a well-established transcription elongation factor that was recruited to theSHRlocus. Together, these results demonstrate that Elongator acts in concert with SPT4 to regulate the transcription ofSHR.
Ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptor-cell circuits form a spectral depth gauge in marine zooplankton
Authors: Verasztó Csaba , Gühmann Martin , Jia Huiyong , Rajan Vinoth Babu Veedin , Bezares-Calderón Luis A. , Lopez Cristina Piñeiro , Randel Nadine , Shahidi Réza , Michiels Nico K. , Yokoyama Shozo , Tessmar-Raible Kristin , Jékely Gáspár 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCiliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells represent two main lines of photoreceptor evolution in animals. The two photoreceptor-cell types coexist in some animals, however how they functionally integrate is unknown. We used connectomics to map synaptic paths between ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptors in the planktonic larva of the annelidPlatynereisand found that ciliary photoreceptors are presynaptic to the rhabdomeric circuit. The behaviors mediated by the ciliary and rhabdomeric cells also interact hierarchically. The ciliary photoreceptors are UV-sensitive and mediate downward swimming to non-directional UV light, a behavior absent in ciliary-opsin knockouts. UV avoidance antagonizes positive phototaxis mediated by the rhabdomeric eyes so that vertical swimming direction is determined by the ratio of blue/UV light. Since this ratio increases with depth,Platynereislarvae may use it as a depth gauge during planktonic migration. Our results revealed a functional integration of ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptors with implications for eye and photoreceptor evolution.
Higher transcriptome stability during aging in long-lived giant mole-rats compared to short-lived rats
Authors: Sahm Arne , Bens Martin , Henning Yoshiyuki , Vole Christiane , Groth Marco , Schwab Matthias , Platzer Matthias , Szafranski Karol , Dammann Philip 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany aging-associated physiological changes are known to come up in short‐ and long-lived species with a different trajectory and emerging evidence suggests that large parts of life history trait differences between species are based on inter-species variation in gene expression. Little information is yet available, however, about transcriptome changes during aging when comparing mammals with different lifespans. For this reason, we studied the transcriptomes of five tissues and two age cohorts in two similar sized rodent species with very different lifespans: rat (Rattus norvegicus) and giant mole-rat (Fukomys mechowii) with maximum lifespans of 3.8 and >20 years, respectively. Our results show that giant mole-rats exhibit higher transcriptome stability during aging than the rat. While well-known aging signatures (e.g. up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes) were detected in all rat tissues, they showed up only in one giant mole-rat tissue. Furthermore, many differentially expressed genes that were found in both species, were regulated in opposite directions during aging. This suggests that expression changes that cause aging in short-lived species are counteracted in long-lived species. Taken together, transcriptome stability may be one key causal factor of the long life‐ and healthspan of giant mole-rats and maybe of African mole-rats in general.
Rapid and dynamic alternative splicing impacts the Arabidopsis cold response transcriptome
Authors: Calixto Cristiane P. G. , Guo Wenbin , James Allan B. , Tzioutziou Nikoleta A. , Entizne Juan Carlos , Panter Paige E. , Knight Heather , Nimmo Hugh G. , Zhang Runxuan , Brown John W. S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPlants have adapted to tolerate and survive constantly changing environmental conditions by re-programming gene expression. The scale of the contribution of alternative splicing (AS) to stress responses has been underestimated due to limitations in RNA-seq analysis programs and poor representation of AS transcripts in plant databases. Significantly, the dynamics of the AS response have not been investigated but this is now possible with accurate transcript quantification programs and AtRTD2, a new, comprehensive transcriptome for Arabidopsis.ResultsUsing ultra-deep RNA-sequencing of a time-course of Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to cold treatment, we identified 8,949 genes with altered expression of which 2,442 showed significant differential alternative splicing (DAS) and 1,647 genes were regulated only at the level of AS (DAS-only). The high temporal resolution demonstrated the rapid induction of both transcription and AS resulting in coincident waves of differential expression (transcription) and differential alternative splicing in the first 6-9 hours of cold. The differentially expressed and DAS gene sets were largely non-overlapping, each comprising thousands of genes. The dynamic analysis of AS identified genes with rapid and sensitive AS within 3 h of transfer to the cold (early AS genes), which were enriched for splicing and transcription factors. A detailed investigation of the novel cold-response DAS-only gene, U2B”-LIKE, suggested that it regulates AS and is required for tolerance to freezing.ConclusionsOur data indicate that transcription and AS are the major regulators of transcriptome reprogramming that together govern the physiological and survival responses of plants to low temperature.
Fine-tuning of ABA responses by the protein kinase WNK8
Authors: Waadt Rainer , Hashimoto Kenji , Jawurek Esther , Krebs Melanie , Scholz Martin , Hong-Hermesdorf Anne , Li Yan , Hippler Michael , Grill Erwin , Kudla Jörg , Schumacher Karin 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various growth- and developmental processes in response to limiting water conditions. ABA functions through an established signaling pathway consisting of PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors that inhibit group A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) in an ABA-dependent manner. Inhibition of PP2Cs enables the activation of SnRK2-type protein kinases that phosphorylate downstream targets including transcription factors and ion channels. However, ABA-dependent signals have to be integrated into other growth- and developmental programs to ensure a successful life cycle. Here, we have characterized the role of the protein kinase WNK8 in the ABA signalling pathway. Two T-DNA insertion alleles wnk8-1 and wnk8-4 exhibited contrasting ABA responses during seed germination and young seedling growth. However, reciprocal crossings with wild type plants suggested that wnk8-1 that still expressed the WNK8 kinase domain functioned in a hypermorphic and dominant manner. WNK8 directly interacted with the PP2C PP2CA in planta and was negatively regulated by this phosphatase in vitro. WNK8 also phosphorylated the ABA receptor PYR1 in vitro. Double mutant analyses revealed that the dominant allele wnk8-1 suppressed the ABA- and glucose hypersensitivity of the pp2ca-1 T-DNA allele. In transient protoplast assays WNK8 suppressed ABA-induced reporter gene expression that was dependent on a functional kinase. In summary, we have identified the protein kinase WNK8 as a negative regulator of ABA responses during young seedling establishment through its direct interaction with core ABA signaling components.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe phytohormone abscisic acid regulates the water household of plants through a defined core signaling pathway. Here we have identified the protein kinase WNK8 as a direct interactor of core abscisic acid signalling components and as a negative modulator of abscisic acid responses during young seedling development in Arabidopsis.
Workplace staff canteen is associated with lower blood pressure among industry workers
Authors: Vinholes Daniele B. , Machado Carlos Alberto , Chaves Hilton , Rossato Sinara L. , Melo Ione M.F. , Fuchs Flavio D. , Fuchs Sandra C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
A staff canteen in the workplace can offer a healthier diet, which may lower the blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether the presence of staff canteen in the workplace is associated with consumption of healthy food and lower systolic and diastolic BP.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was conducted, randomly selecting workers through a multistage sampling, stratified by company size in Brazil. Demographic, socioeconomic, and life style characteristics were evaluated, and weight, height, and BP were measured. Statistical analysis used generalized linear models, controlling for design effect and confounding factors, to assess the association between BP and staff canteen and the intake of food items.

Findings
In total, 4.818 workers, aged 35.4±10.7 years, 76.5 percent men, with 8.7±4.1 years of formal education were enrolled. Prevalence of hypertension was 24.7 percent (p-value <0.001) among workers from industries with staff canteen vs 30.6 percent among those with no staff canteen. Workers of industries with staff canteen consumed higher proportion of fruits, green leafy vegetables, and milk than workers of industries without canteen, and had lower systolic and diastolic BP, independently of the frequency of intake.

Practical implications
Workers of industries with staff canteen consumed a healthier diet, and had lower systolic and diastolic BP, and lower prevalence of hypertension than workers from workplaces without staff canteen.

Originality/value
This study was the first carried out among workers of industries reporting that the presence of a staff canteen in the workplace is associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP and prevalence of hypertension.