bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Na‐Ion Intercalation and Charge Storage Mechanism in 2D Vanadium Carbide
Authors: Bak Seong‐Min , Qiao Ruimin , Yang Wanli , Lee Sungsik , Yu Xiqian , Anasori Babak , Lee Hungsui , Gogotsi Yury , Yang Xiao‐Qing 
Published: July 2017

Abstract2D vanadium carbide MXene containing surface functional groups (denoted as V2CTx, where Tx are surface functional groups) is synthesized and studied as anode material for Na‐ion batteries. V2CTx anode exhibits reversible charge storage with good cycling stability and high rate capability through electrochemical test. The charge storage mechanism of V2CTx material during Na+ intercalation/deintercalation and the redox reaction of vanadium are studied using a combination of synchrotron based X‐ray diffraction, hard X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS). Experimental evidence of a major contribution of redox reaction of vanadium to the charge storage and the reversible capacity of V2CTx during sodiation/desodiation process are provided through V K‐edge XANES and V L2,3‐edge sXAS results. A correlation between the CO32− content and the Na+ intercalation/deintercalation states in the V2CTx electrode observed from C and O K‐edge in sXAS results implies that some additional charge storage reactions may take place between the Na+‐intercalated V2CTx and the carbonate‐based nonaqueous electrolyte. The results of this study provide valuable information for the further studies on V2CTx as anode material for Na‐ion batteries and capacitors.
An Effective Lithium Sulfide Encapsulation Strategy for Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Klein Michael J. , Dolocan Andrei , Zu Chenxi , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith a high theoretical capacity of 1162 mA h g−1, Li2S is a promising cathode that can couple with silicon, tin, or graphite anodes for next‐generation energy storage devices. Unfortunately, Li2S is highly insulating, exhibits large charge overpotential, and suffers from active‐material loss as soluble polysulfides during battery cycling. To date, low‐cost, scalable synthesis of an electrochemically active Li2S cathode remains a challenge. This work demonstrates that the low conductivity and material loss issues associated with Li2S cathodes can be overcome by forming a stable, conductive encapsulation layer at the surface of the Li2S bulk particles through in situ surface reactions between Li2S and electrolyte additives containing transition‐metal salts. It is identified that the electronic band structure in the valence band region of the thus‐generated encapsulation layers, consisting largely of transition‐metal sulfides, determines the initial charging resistance of Li2S. Furthermore, among the transition metals tested, the encapsulation layer formed with an addition of 10 wt% manganese (II) acetylacetonate salt proved to be robust within the cycling window, which is attributed to the chemically generated MnS surface species. This work provides an effective strategy to use micrometer‐sized Li2S directly as a cathode material and opens up new prospects to tune the surface properties of electrode materials for energy‐storage applications.
Aggressive necrotizing pseudomonal sinonasal infections
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Welch Kevin C. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Glasgow Ben J. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram‐negative bacterium frequently implicated in recalcitrant sinonasal infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We report 6 cases of rapidly progressive pseudomonal acute rhinosinusitis producing tissue necrosis and, in certain cases, cranial nerve palsies.MethodsRetrospective review of 6 patients with aggressive necrotizing sinonasal infections treated at 4 tertiary academic medical centers with sinonasal cultures growing P. aeruginosa in the absence of other pathology.ResultsA total of 6 patients were identified. In all cases, there was tissue necrosis that appeared to mimic an invasive process such as mucormycosis, prompting urgent surgical intervention. Pathologic analysis revealed fibropurulent exudates in backgrounds of positive P. aeruginosa cultures without evidence of invasive fungal organisms or malignancy. Four of the 6 patients presented with cranial nerve palsies, with 3 patients having vision changes and 3 complaining of trigeminal neuropathy. Four of 6 patients improved clinically over time after surgery and antibiotic therapy; 1 remains in follow‐up without complete improvement and 1 has succumbed to other causes.ConclusionP. aeruginosa is a tenacious organism that is frequently associated with severe, recalcitrant sinonasal infections. We report the first case series of necrotizing sinonasal infections caused by this organism, and illustrate that, in rare cases, P. aeruginosa may mimic and behave like life‐threatening conditions such as fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis or malignancy.
Copolymers from methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate with hyperbranched architecture
Authors: Sengupta Srijoni , Das Tamalika , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis is a first report of the synthesis and characterization of acrylic copolymers from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) with hyperbranched architecture. The copolymers were synthesized using a free radical polymerization (Strathclyde method) in emulsion technique. Divinyl benzene was used as the brancher which acted as a comonomer and 1‐dodecanethiol was used as a chain terminating agent. A linear copolymer from MMA and BA was also synthesized for comparison. The hyperbranched architecture was established from spectroscopic and rheological measurements. The gel permeation chromatography showed all hyperbranched copolymers were low molecular weight with lower polydispersity index (PDI) (

23,000, PDI ∼ 2.00) compared to the linear grade (

93,000, PDI ∼ 2.20). They were more spherical and achieved lower viscosity (yet higher solubility, >90%) than the linear grade (<50%) which was mostly open ended. Lower viscosity at equivalent solid content made the hyperbranched polymers a potential binder for adhesive and coating application. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45356.
Towards a psychoanalytic concept of community (IV): The well‐functioning community
Authors: Koh Eugen , Twemlow Stuart W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis is the fourth paper in a series proposing a psychoanalytic concept of community. The third paper of the series centered on the unconscious psychological tasks involved in creating and sustaining a community and in it achieving its reason for existence; tasks such as the formation of bonds, identity and boundary. In this fourth paper we propose that the effectiveness with which a community can carry out these tasks determines how well that community is able to function. The successful performance of the tasks is dependent on: (1) a community's capacity for psychic function, that is, its capacity to process internal tension and conflict, and both everyday and adverse experiences; (2) the effectiveness of its social defense against anxiety; and (3) its adaptability to changes and challenges in its environment.
Towards a psychoanalytic concept of community (III): A proposal
Authors: Koh Eugen , Twemlow Stuart W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new concept of community is proposed in this third paper of the series, “Towards a psychoanalytic concept of community”. This concept emphasizes the unconscious, collective, psychological tasks involved in creating and sustaining a community, as well as the tasks undertaken by the community in achieving its reason for being. One of the core psychological tasks is the creation of bonding among its members. When a community is being formed it experiences itself subjectively as “us”, and needs to come to terms with what is “not us”. A set of psychological tasks comes into play and they relate to the formation and maintenance of its boundary and identity. Each of these psychological tasks is underpinned by unconscious psychic processes; such as symbolization to create boundary, projective and introjective identifications to create bonds and identity.
Crayfish in central and southern Ukraine with special focus on populations of indigenous crayfish Astacus pachypus (Rathke, 1837) and their conservation needs
Authors: Policar Tomas , Bondarenko Volodymyr , Bezusyj Oles , Stejskal Vlastimil , Kristan Jiri , Malinovskyi Oleksandr , Imentai Aiman , Blecha Miroslav , Pylypenko Yuriy 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The thick‐clawed crayfish (Astacus pachypus Rathke, 1837) is the least studied indigenous crayfish species in Europe. Information about its distribution and biology is out of date by more than 15 years.
This study identified 94 localities with potential occurrence of thick‐clawed crayfish in eight southern and central regions of Ukraine, using questionnaire and literature analysis. Based on the information obtained, a field survey was conducted to examine and confirm the current distribution and abundance of crayfish species and evaluate basic water quality and habitat characteristics in each locality.
Details of density, sex ratio in the catches, health and moulting condition, threat level and water quality were identified for each population of A. pachypus.
Only four populations of this species were found, in lower parts of the Dnieper River, co‐occurring with Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, in Kakhovka reservoir near Vesele village, two sites on the Dnieper River near Nova Kakhovka town and near Prydniprovske village, and one locality on the Dnieper's tributary – the Ingulec River near Sadove village.
Populations of thick‐clawed crayfish at three sites had low crayfish densities of 0.3–0.4 crayfish m−2 or catch efficiency 0.2 crayfish per trap night. Only one locality on the Dnieper River, close to Nova Khakovka, had a stronger population with higher density (1.7 crayfish m−2).
Healthy thick‐clawed crayfish inhabit larger water bodies with stable environments and good water quality. Female catch per unit effort was lower, and they had a higher percentage of chelae injuries compared with males.
All of the identified thick‐clawed crayfish populations are exploited by uncontrolled fishing for consumption and there is an urgent need for conservation of both the crayfish and their habitat.
Habitat use of globally threatened juvenile Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus under the influence of simulated intertidal oyster culture structures in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwan Billy K.Y. , Chan Hoi Kin , Cheung Siu Gin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Little is known about the ecological impacts of oyster culture structures on intertidal communities. In the present study, distribution and movement patterns of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus were assessed on a mudflat at Ha Pak Nai in Deep Bay, Hong Kong.
As the traditional bottom‐laying method of using concrete posts as cultch for collecting oyster spat is a common practice in Hong Kong, structurally similar bricks were used to simulate the potential effects of cultch on intertidal flats.
Over the two‐month experimental period, all the tested sediment physico‐chemical characteristics, including median particle size and total organic content, remained unchanged among the treatment areas. However, juvenile densities and foraging trails at low‐ and high‐density brick areas were significantly lower/shorter compared with the adjacent bare areas. Such effects were more evident for larger individuals since significant correlations were found between foraging distance and juvenile prosomal width in no‐brick areas, but not the low‐ and high‐density brick areas. In addition, most juveniles (> 95%) were observed feeding along the outer boundaries of brick areas.
Such findings imply that the extensive artificial structures in oyster cultivation sites could induce physical disturbance and alter the habitat use of juvenile horseshoe crabs in the intertidal zone. Considering the high conservation value of Chinese horseshoe crabs, appropriate mitigation measures should be implemented to buffer the detrimental effects on horseshoe crabs and other marine organisms of conservation concern that utilize intertidal habitats as nursery and hatchery grounds.
Cost-effectiveness of intraoperative nerve monitoring in avoidance of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy
Authors: Al-Qurayshi Z , Kandil E , Randolph G W 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) provides dynamic neural information and is recommended for high-risk thyroid surgery. In this analysis, the cost-effectiveness of IONM in preventing bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury was investigated.MethodsA Markov chain model was constructed based on IONM use. The base-case patient was defined as a 40-year-old woman presenting with a 4·1-cm left-sided papillary thyroid cancer who developed RLN injury with loss of monitoring signal during planned bilateral thyroidectomy. It was hypothesized that, if the surgeon had used IONM, the RLN injury would have been detected and the operation would have been concluded as a thyroid lobectomy to avoid the risk of contralateral RLN injury. Cost in US dollars was converted to euros; probabilities and utility scores were identified from the literature and government resources. Length of follow-up was set as 20 years, and willingness-to-pay (WTP) as €38 000 (US $50 000) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).ResultsAt the end of year 20, the not using IONM strategy accrued €163 995·40 (US $215 783·43) and an effectiveness of 14·15 QALYs, whereas use of the IONM strategy accrued €170 283·68 (US $224 057·48) and an effectiveness of 14·33 QALYs. The incremental cost–effectiveness ratio, comparing use versus no use of IONM, was €35 285·26 (US $46 427·97) per QALY, which is below the proposed WTP, indicating that IONM is the preferred and cost-effective management plan. A Monte Carlo simulation test that considered variability of the main study factors in a hypothetical sample of 10 000 patients showed IONM to be the preferred strategy in 85·8 per cent of the population.ConclusionUse of IONM is cost-effective in patients undergoing bilateral thyroid surgery.
Everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds; can we absorb the risk in complex PCI?
Authors: Zahr Firas , Cigarroa Joaquin E. 
Published: July 2017

Key Points

BVS, as compared with DES, have higher stent thrombosis (ST) rates.
BVS may prove reasonable in patients with complex anatomy.
Future trials will be necessary to guide clinicians regarding whether BVS are equivalent to DES in patients with noncomplex or complex coronary anatomy.
A universal drug delivery catheter for the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial disease: Results from the multi‐center first‐in‐human study
Authors: Bunch Frank , Walker Craig , Kassab Elias , Carr Jeffrey 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and initial efficacy of paclitaxel administration using a novel drug delivery catheter for the prevention of restenosis in infrapopliteal de novo and restenotic lesions.BackgroundRestenosis continues to be a great challenge after percutaneous revascularization procedures for peripheral arterial disease, particularly for below‐the‐knee applications.MethodsA prospective, multicenter first‐in‐human registry of a novel delivery catheter delivering liquid paclitaxel was conducted in 10 patients. The primary efficacy endpoint at 6 months was freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR) and the primary safety endpoint at 1, 3, and 6 months were thrombosis, major amputation in the target limb and target limb related death.ResultsAll patients tolerated the procedure well with no reports of adverse procedural events. Twelve (n = 12) lesions in ten patients were treated with a mean lesion length of 83.3 ± 49.2 mm, with the lesion length range of 30mm to 182 mm. At 6‐month follow‐up, the rate of CD‐TLR was 30% (3 of 10 patients). Zero patients (0 out of 10) demonstrated thrombosis, major amputation in the target limb and target limb related death at the 1, 3, and 6 month follow‐up intervals.ConclusionsThis first in‐human experience obtained in a multicenter study of real‐world de novo and restenotic lesions demonstrates a favorable safety and efficacy profile at 6 months. Randomized comparison to current drug coated balloons should be performed to further validate this approach and positive experience.
On the Dimensional Control of 2 D Hybrid Nanomaterials
Authors: Longo Alessandro , Mulder Dirk‐Jan , van Kuringen Huub P. C. , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , Banerjee Dipanjan , Dasgupta Debarshi , Shishmanova Irina K. , Spoelstra Anne B. , Broer Dirk J. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Portale Giuseppe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThermotropic smectic liquid crystalline polymers were used as a scaffold to create organic/inorganic hybrid layered nanomaterials. Different polymers were prepared by photopolymerizing blends of a hydrogen bonded carboxylic acid derivative and a 10 % cross‐linker of variable length in their liquid crystalline phase. Nanopores with dimensions close to 1 nm were generated by breaking the hydrogen bonded dimers in a high pH solution. The pores were filled with positively charged silver (Ag) ions, resulting in a layered silver(I)‐polymeric hybrid material. Subsequent exposure to a NaBH4 reducing solution allowed for the formation of supported hybrid metal/organic films. In the bulk of the film the dimension of the Ag nanoparticles (NPs) was regulated with subnanometer precision by the cross‐linker length. Ag nanoparticles with an average size of 0.9, 1.3, and 1.8 nm were produced inside the nanopores thanks to the combined effect of spatially confined reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles by the polymer carboxylic groups. At the same time, strong Ag migration occurred in the surface region, resulting in the formation of a nanostructured metallic top layer composed of large (10–20 nm) NPs.
Ferrichrome Has Found Its Match: Biomimetic Analogues with Diversified Activity Map Discrete Microbial Targets
Authors: Besserglick Jenny , Olshvang Evgenia , Szebesczyk Agnieszka , Englander Joseph , Levinson Dana , Hadar Yitzhak , Gumienna‐Kontecka Elzbieta , Shanzer Abraham 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSiderophores provide an established platform for studying molecular recognition principles in biological systems. Herein, the preparation of ferrichrome (FC) biomimetic analogues varying in length and polarity of the amino acid chain separating between the tripodal scaffold and the pendent FeIII chelating hydroxamic acid groups was reported. Spectroscopic and potentiometric titrations determined their iron affinity to be within the range of efficient chelators. Microbial growth promotion and iron uptake studies were conducted on E. coli, P. putida and U. maydis. A wide range of siderophore activity was observed in the current series: from a rare case of a species‐specific growth promotor in P. putida to an analogue matching FC in cross‐phylum activity and uptake pathway. A fluorescent conjugate of the broad‐range analogue visualized siderophore destination in bacteria (periplasmic space) vs. fungi (cytosol) mapping new therapeutic targets. Quantum dots (QDs) decorated with the most potent FC analogue provided a tool for immobilization of FC‐recognizing bacteria. Bacterial clusters formed around QDs may provide a platform for their selection and concentration.
Malignant central nervous system tumors among adolescents and young adults (15‐39 years old) in 14 Southern‐Eastern European registries and the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program: Mortality and survival patterns
Authors: Georgakis Marios K. , Papathoma Paraskevi , Ryzhov Anton , Zivkovic‐Perisic Snezana , Eser Sultan , Taraszkiewicz Łukasz , Sekerija Mario , Žagar Tina , Antunes Luis , Zborovskaya Anna , Bastos Joana , Florea Margareta , Coza Daniela , Demetriou Anna , Agius Domenic , Strahinja Rajko M. , Themistocleous Marios , Tolia Maria , Tzanis Spyridon , Alexiou George A. , Papanikolaou Panagiotis G. , Nomikos Panagiotis , Kantzanou Maria , Dessypris Nick , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Petridou Eleni T. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDUnique features and worse outcomes have been reported for cancers among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15‐39 years old). The aim of this study was to explore the mortality and survival patterns of malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors among AYAs in Southern‐Eastern Europe (SEE) in comparison with the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.METHODSMalignant CNS tumors diagnosed in AYAs during the period spanning 1990‐2014 were retrieved from 14 population‐based cancer registries in the SEE region (n = 11,438). Age‐adjusted mortality rates were calculated and survival patterns were evaluated via Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression analyses, and they were compared with respective 1990‐2012 figures from SEER (n = 13,573).RESULTSMortality rates in SEE (range, 11.9‐18.5 deaths per million) were higher overall than the SEER rate (9.4 deaths per million), with decreasing trends in both regions. Survival rates increased during a comparable period (2001‐2009) in SEE and SEER. The 5‐year survival rate was considerably lower in the SEE registries (46%) versus SEER (67%), mainly because of the extremely low rates in Ukraine; this finding was consistent across age groups and diagnostic subtypes. The highest 5‐year survival rates were recorded for ependymomas (76% in SEE and 92% in SEER), and the worst were recorded for glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas (28% in SEE and 37% in SEER). Advancing age, male sex, and rural residency at diagnosis adversely affected outcomes in both regions.CONCLUSIONSDespite definite survival gains over the last years, the considerable outcome disparities between the less affluent SEE region and the United States for AYAs with malignant CNS tumors point to health care delivery inequalities. No considerable prognostic deficits for CNS tumors are evident for AYAs versus children. Cancer 2017;123:4458‐71. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Separator Decoration with Cobalt/Nitrogen Codoped Carbon for Highly Efficient Polysulfide Confinement in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hu Wen , Hirota Yuichiro , Zhu Yexin , Yoshida Nao , Miyamoto Manabu , Zheng Tao , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA macro‐/mesoporous Co−N−C‐decorated separator is proposed to confine and reutilize migrating polysulfides. Endowed with a desirable structure and synchronous lithio‐ and sulfiphilic chemistry, the macro‐/mesoporous Co−N−C interface manipulates large polysulfide adsorption uptake, enabling good polysulfide adsorption kinetics, reversible electrocatalysis toward redox of anchored polysulfides, and facile charge transport. It significantly boosts the performance of a simple 70 wt % S/MWCNTs (MWCNTs=multi‐walled carbon nanotubes) cathode, achieving high initial capacities (e.g., 1406 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, 1203 mAh g−1 at 1C), nearly 100 % Coulombic efficiencies, and high reversible capacities after cycle tests (e.g., 828.4 mAh g−1 at 1C after 100 cycles) at both low and high current rates. These results demonstrate that decorating separator with macro‐/mesoporous Co−N−C paves a feasible way for developing advanced Li–S batteries.