bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Surface Modification Methods for Religaheart® Cardiac Support System
Authors: Major R. , Kustosz R. , Trembecka-Wójciga K. , Lackner J. M. , Major B. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The work is a review of the methods of the surface modification performed by the authors dedicated for for cardiac support system. It presents the evolution of designing the surface dedicated to direct contact with blood. Initially thin and ultrathin coatings were developed. They were designed as a blood-polymer barrier. The pneumatic heart assist devices are made of a medical grade polyurethane. A major milestone was to create advanced ceramic thin films expressing the flexible effects deposited by physical techniques. Coatings have evolved. Another milestone was the surface reproducing the microenvironment to capture progenitor cells from the bloodstream. Thin coatings were prepared, using methods of ion been, controlled residual stresses were introduced. Wrinkles appeared without cracking. This enabled taking control over the process of cell differentiation. Alternatively, the tissue inspired structure resulted of the coating in the form of extracellular matrix. The outer surface was modified with synthetic materials. This enabled the effective proteins docking to induce cell growth, recreating the luminal side of the blood vessel. Coagulation processes have been slowed down. In addition, it was found pro-angiogenic effect.
Application of the Sol-Gel Method at the Fabrication of PLZT:Yb3+ Ceramics
Authors: Osińska K. , Płońska M. , Marzec A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of presented study was to obtain the PLZT:Yb3+ ceramics. Nanopowders of itterbium doped PLZT materials were synthesized by the sol-gel method from high quality metaloorganic precursors, as lead (II) acetate, lanthanum acetate, ytterbium acetate, zirconium (IV) propoxide and titanium (IV) propoxide. Anhydrous acetic acid and n-propyl alcohol were used as solvents, while acetyloacetone was added as stabilizer of hydrolysis reactions. Thermal evolution of the dried gels, before and after calcination, was studied by the simultaneous thermal analysis. The amorphous PLZT:Yb3+ gels were first calcined in the furnace at T = 850°C, and then mixed in the planetary ball mill. Additionally, the mean particle sizes were calculated by means of powder specific surface area measurements, based on the BET physical adsorption isotherm. Such obtained powders were subsequently pressed into pellets, and sintered by the free sintering method at temperature T = 1250°C / 6h. The morphology of fabricated PLZT:Yb3+ ceramic powders and samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Chemical characterization of samples was carried on using the Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy - EDS system. Studies provided detailed data concerning the relationships between doping and preparing conditions on the basic physical and chemical properties of obtained ceramic materials.
PLZT Microfibers Technology Optimization
Authors: Kozielski L. , Adamczyk M. , Feliksik K. , Bochenek D. , Clemens F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Electrocaloric (EC) structures for a new generation of cooling or heating elements utilize the temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization in some ferroelectric materials to convert waste heat into electricity and vice versa. A (Pb0.93La0.07) (Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 material, have the largest recorded pyroelectric coefficient. An effective predicted form for such applications is fiber, due to small heat capacitance and quick response time, even for nano second laser excitation. Consequently, the presented work provides a description of the optimization of structural, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of obtained fibers, finally concluding on necessity of sintering temperature reduction in 100°C in contrast to bulk form to effectively prevent its destruction.
Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ–La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ Composite Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Mosiałek M. , Kędra A. , Krzan M. , Bielańska E. , Tatko M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Composite cathodes contain Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ were tested in different configuration for achieving cathode of area specific resistance lower than Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ cathodes. Electrodes were screen printed on samaria-doped ceria electrolyte half-discs and tested in the three electrode setup by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The lowest area specific resistance 0.46 and 2.77 Ω cm−2 at 700 °C and 600 °C respectively revealed composite cathode contain Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ in 1:1 weight ratio. The area specific resistance of this cathode is characterized by the lowest activation energy among tested cathodes.
Ferrite Decarburization of High Silicon Spring Steel in Three Temperature Ranges
Authors: Zhao F. , Zhang C.L. , Liu Y.Z. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Surface decarburization of high silicon spring steel in ambient air was studied. The experimental results confirmed the decarburized mechanism under AC1 temperature, in the temperature range of AC1-AC3 and AC3-G. Under AC1 temperature, pearlite spheroidization and surface decarburization are carried out simultaneously and pearlite spheroidization is reinforced. Considering the oxidation loss depth, the “true ferrite decarburized depth” at 850 °C (AC3-G) is still smaller than that at 760°C (AC1-AC3). That is because an “incubation period” must pass away before ferrite decarburization occurs in the temperature range of AC3-G, and the ferrite decarburized rate is limited to being equal to the partial decarburized rate.
Voids Nucleation at Inclusions of Various Shapes in Front of the Crack in Plane Strain
Authors: Neimitz A. , Janus U. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An analysis is presented of the stress field in and around inclusions of various shapes. Results were obtained by the finite element method. Inclusions were located within elementary cells located at the centre of the specimen next to the crack front. The influence of an in-plane constraint on the stress distribution was tested.
Fractography and Porosity Analysis of Cr and Cr-Mo PM Steels
Authors: Kulecki P. , Lichańska E. , Radziszewska A. , Sułowski M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of processing variables on the porosity and fractography of Cr and Cr-Mo PM steels. The measurements were performed on sintered steels made from commercial Höganäs pre-alloyed powders: Astaloy CrA, Astaloy CrL and Astaloy CrM with two different carbon concentrations (0.2% and 0.6%) added in the form of ultra fine graphite powder grade C-UF. Following mixing in Turbula mixer for 30 minutes, green compacts were single-action pressed at 660 MPa according to PN-EN ISO 2740 standard. Sintering was carried out in a laboratory horizontal tube furnace at 1120°C and 1250°C for 60 minutes, in an atmosphere containing 5%H2and 95%N2. After sintering, the samples were tempered at 200°C for 60 minutes in air. For porosity evaluation computer software was employed. Hitachi S-3500M SEM equipped with EDS (made by Noran) was employed for fracture analysis. The steel based on Astaloy CrM pre-alloyed powder is characterized by fine pores and good mechanical properties. When sintered at 1250°C, it had area of pores approx. 7.12 μm2, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) about 679 MPa and elongation about 4%. The steels were characterized by ductile/cleavage and ductile fractures.
Creep Resistance of VM12 Steel
Authors: Zieliński A. , Golański G. , Dobrzański J. , Sroka M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article presents selected material characteristics of VM12 steel used for elements of boilers with super- and ultra-critical steam parameters. In particular, abridged and long-term creep tests with and without elongation measurement during testing and investigations of microstructural changes due to long-term impact of temperature and stress were carried out. The practical aspect of the use of creep test results in forecasting the durability of materials operating under creep conditions was presented. The characteristics of steels with regard to creep tests developed in this paper are used in assessment of changes in functional properties of the material of elements operating under creep conditions.
An Analysis of the Joints’ Properties of Fine-Grained Steel Welded by the MAG and SAW Methods
Authors: Krawczyk R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of properties of welded joints of fine-grained steel of P460NH type used more and more often in the modern constructions. A process of examining a technology of welding has been carried out on the thick-walled butt joints of sheet metal by two methods of welding namely MAG – 135 and SAW – 121. The article deals with a topic of optimizing a process of welding thick-walled welded joints of fine-grained steel due to their mechanicalproperties and efficiency.
Exact and Numerical Elastic Analysis for the FGM Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels with Exponentially-Varying Properties
Authors: Nejad M. Zamani , Abedi M. , Lotfian M.H. , Ghannad M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Assuming exponential-varying properties in the radial direction and based on the elasticity theory, an exact closed-form analytical solution is obtained to elastic analysis of FGM thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessels in the plane strain condition. Following this, radial distribution of radial displacement, radial stress, and circumferential stress are plotted for different values of material inhomogeneity constant. The displacements and stresses distributions are compared with the solutions of the finite element method (FEM).
Relationship Between Bake Hardening, Snoek-Köster and Dislocation-Enhanced Snoek Peaks in Coarse Grained Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Li Weijuan , Zhao Shengshi , Zhang Hengyi , Jin Xiaolong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the present work, specimens prepared from coarse grained low carbon steel with different prestrains were baked and then, their bake hardening (BH) property and internal friction were determined. TEM was used to characterize the dislocation structure in BH treated samples. The measurements of internal friction in prestrained samples and baked samples were carried out using a multifunctional internal friction apparatus. The results indicate that, in coarse grained low carbon steel, the bake hardening properties (BH values) were negative, which were increased by increasing the prestrain from 2 to 5%, and then were decreased by increasing the prestrain from 5 to 10%. In the specimen with prestrain 5%, the BH value reached the maximum value and the height of Snoek-Köster peak was observed to be the maximum alike. With increasing the prestrain, both of the BH value and Snoek-Köster peak heights are similarly varied. It is concluded that Snoek-Köster and dislocation-enhanced Snoek peaks, caused by the interactions between interstitial solute carbon atoms and dislocations, can be used in further development of the bake hardening steels.
Low-Frequency Mechanical Spectroscopy of Lanthanum Cobaltite Based Mixed Conducting Oxides
Authors: Wu Xiu Sheng , Cao Ju Fang , Chen Zhi Jun , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The low-frequency mechanical spectra of lanthanum cobaltite based mixed conducting oxides have been measured using a computer-controlled inverted torsion pendulum. The results indicate that the internal friction spectra and shear modulus depend on the Sr doping contents (x). For undoped samples, no internal friction peak is observed. However, for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3‒δ, three internal friction peaks (P2, P3 and P4) are observed. In addition to these peaks, two more peaks (P0 and P1) are observed in La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‒δ. The P0 and P1 peaks show characteristics of a phase transition, while the P2, P3 and P4 peaks are of relaxation-type. Our analysis suggests that the P0 peak is due to a phase separation and the P1 peak is related to the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition. The P2, P3 and P4 peaks are associated with the motion of domain walls. The formation of this kind of domain structure is a consequence of a transformation from the paraelastic cubic phase to the ferroelastic rhombohedral phase. With partial substitution of Fe for Co, only one peak is observed, which is discussed as a result of different microstructure.
The Influence of Sensitivity Field of Dual Transducer Probes on Accuracy of Discontinuity Sizing and Evaluation in Terms of Testing of Forgings According to EN 10228-3
Authors: Kaczmarek R. , Kaczmarek K. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article presents results of research on the impact of sensitivity distribution of double transducer probes, which are often used in non-destructive ultrasonic testing of components such as forgings. Distribution of sensitivity measured in two orientations, parallel and perpendicular to the plane of separation of a double transducer probe has been tested and analyzed. A significant influence of orientation of a probe on echo envelope of an artificial point discontinuity has been studied. It has revealed great differences in length and shape of an echo envelope, depending on a type of probe and orientation of a probe separation plane to the moving direction. Eventually, the analysis of practical consequences of dual transducer probes usage for characterization of a type, dimensioning and evaluation of internal discontinuities, in accordance to the methodology specified in EN 10228, has been conducted.
Material Factors in Relation to Development Time in Liquid-Penetrant Inspection. Part 2. Investigation Programme and Preliminary Tests
Authors: Irek P. , Słania J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper is the continuation of the previous one entitled “Material factors in relation to development time in liquid-penetrant inspection. Part 1. Material factors” in which the material factors influencing essentially the development time in penetrant testing have been marked out. These are: type of material, surface roughness and imperfection width. In the paper it has been described how to prepare the factorial plan which will enable to test every factor with taking into account its different values. Moreover, it has been presented investigations on natural cracks, their width and roughness profile what will allow to assign suitable values of independent variables to the factorial plan. The purpose of the plan prepared in such a way will be the determination of the influence of the material kind, surface roughness and discontinuity width on the development time in penetrant testing.
Use of Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis to Optimize Multiple Yarn Characteristics in Open-End Rotor Spinning
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Arain Farooq Ahmed , Malik Zulfiqar Ali 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Rotor speed and twist per metres (tpm) are two key parameters in open-end rotor spinning of cotton yarns. High spinning productivity can be obtained by keeping the rotor speed high and twist level as low as possible. However, too high rotor speed may result in yarn imperfections and too low twist level may result in lower tenacity yarns. This study aimed at optimising the multiple yarn characteristics in open-end rotor spinning using the Taguchi method and the grey relational analysis. Cotton yarn samples of 30 tex were produced on rotor spinning machine with different twist levels (i.e. 500, 550, 600 and 700 tpm) at different rotor speeds (i.e. 70,000, 80,000, 90,000 and 100,000 rpm) according to the Taguchi design of experiment. Optimal spinning process parameters were determined using the grey relational grade as the performance index. It was concluded that for the cotton fibres and yarn count used in this study, optimum properties of the yarns could be obtained at 90,000 rpm rotor speed and 700 tpm.
FT-IR spectroscopic and thermal study of waterborne polyurethane-acrylate leather coatings using tartaric acid as an ionomer
Authors: Bahadur Ali , Shoaib Muhammad , Saeed Aamer , Iqbal Shahid 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Waterborne polyurethane (WDPU) comprising polycaprolactone diol and hexamethylene diisocyanate was prepared by using tartaric acid (TA) as an ionomer. WDPU was further modified with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Hybrid WDPU-PMMA coatings were formed by using unsaturate end capping agents such as 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate. WDPU-PMMA blend coatings were formed by using chain extenders such as ethylene glycol, ethylene diamine and mixed with PMMA. Thermal behavior and structural characterizations were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transformm infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, respectively. Chemical and solvent resistance was checked against various chemicals and solvents. Bio-stability was evaluated in CoCl2/H2O2 solution. Gloss, film flexibility, tackiness, abrasion resistance and adhesive prosperities of WDPU-PMMA coatings were also checked by applying these coatings on a leather sheet.
Lp
-theory of boundary integral operators for domains with unbounded smooth boundary
Authors: Rabinovich Vladimir 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the

L
p

${L^{p}}$

-theory of boundary integral operators for boundary value problems described by anisotropic Helmholtz operators with variable coefficients in unbounded domains with unbounded smooth boundary.
We prove the invertibility of boundary integral operators for Dirichlet and Neumann problems in the Bessel-potential spaces

H

s
,
p

⁢

(

∂
⁡
D

)

${H^{s,p}(\partial D)}$

,

p
∈

(
1
,
∞
)

${p\in(1,\infty)}$

, and the Besov spaces

B

p
,
q

s

⁢

(

∂
⁡
D

)

${B_{p,q}^{s}(\partial D)}$

,

p
,
q

∈

[
1
,
∞
]

${p,q\in[1,\infty]}$

.
We prove also the Fredholmness of the Robin problem in these spaces and give the index formula.
The Militarization of Science, and Subsequent Criminalization of Scientists
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Science is becoming more challenging, not only for scientists, but also for editors and publishers. Faced with limited funding within an expanding economic crisis, competition between scientists is increasing. The struggle for professional survival is leading some to revert to dishonest tactics to get ahead of the pack and cheating or fraud may be involved. Confronted with these new realities, which have become more debatable within the public arena, mainly as a result of an increase in blogs and social media, editors and publishers are reinforcing current publishing platforms in a bid to reduce the risks and to fortify their journals against future submission- and fraud-related problems. Ultimately, this places greater scrutiny — and stress — on the authorship, leading to an increase in militarization. At some point — which certain hints already indicate — the criminalization of science will begin as publishers fail to curtail fraud.
Study on the Efficacy of Sentinel Lymph Node Identification by Radionuclide Method (Tc 99) Versus Combined Method (Radionuclide and Vital Stain) in the Staging of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Georgescu Rareş , Bauer Orsolya , Coroş Marius , Barbat Rareş , Podeanu Daniela , Oprea Adela , Păscutoi Andreea , Naznean Adrian , Stolnicu Simona 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Sentinel node biopsy is the gold standard for axillary assessment of patients with breast cancer without axillary metastases on clinical and radiological examination. Internationally accepted biopsy methods currently use a radioactive tracer (Te) or different variations of vital stain, or the combination of the two. Due to the high cost of technical and organizational difficulty related to the radioactive material, as well as the disadvantages of using the vital stain method, great effort is being made to find alternative solutions. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the exclusive use of vital stain versus the radioactive isotope, and the need to use the combined method. A second goal was the comparative analysis of the radioactive method and intraoperative assessment of suspicious (non-sentinel) lymph nodes.

Materials and methods: This article is based on a prospective nonrandomized study conducted on 69 patients with early breast cancer in whom the combined method was used (injection of radionuclide and methylene blue vital stain). The comparatively monitored parameters were the following: the total and mean number of excised sentinel lymph nodes, the number of metastatic ganglia revealed by the 2 methods, and the risk of understaging in case only one technique was used.

Results: We excised 153 sentinel nodes identified by the radioisotope method. Of these only 56 were stained with methylene blue (p <0.0001). We could also identify a significantly higher number of metastatic nodes with the aid of the radioactive method (p = 0.0049). Most importantly, a significant number of patients (57.14%) who would have been declared node-negative using vital staining could only be properly staged using the radionuclide or the combined method. On microscopic examination of 35 non-sentinel lymph nodes, we found 3 lymph nodes with metastases, and in 1 case the metastases were found only in the non-sentinel lymph node.

Conclusions: Given the risk of understaging, exclusive use of the vital stain method is not recommended, especially under the ASGO Z 00011 Protocol, since the more accurate determination of the number of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes in a patient influences the decision whether to perform lymphadenectomy or not. Using the combined method confers benefits only during the learning curve, in our database we found no stained nodes which were not radioactive. It is very important that the intraoperative stage uses the radioactive method and the intraoperative assessment of suspicious lymph nodes, because 35 non-sentinel lymph nodes were identified in our study, 3 of which had metastases, while in 1 case the metastases were in the non-sentinel lymph node.