bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lidocaine Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction of the Systemic Artery in Rats With Intermittent Periodontal Inflammation
Authors: Saito Takumi , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Feng Guo-Gang , Kazaoka Yoshiaki , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Kinoshita Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND:
Periodontal inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery. However, it is unknown whether the use of local anesthetics during painful dental procedures alleviates periodontal inflammation and systemic endothelial function. This study was designed to examine whether the gingival or systemic injection of lidocaine prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction of the systemic artery in rats with intermittent periodontal inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

METHODS:
Some rats received 1500 µg LPS injections to the gingiva during a week interval from the age of 8 to 11 weeks (LPS group). Lidocaine (3 mg/kg), LPS + lidocaine (3 mg/kg), LPS + lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg), and LPS + lidocaine (3 mg/kg, IP) groups simultaneously received gingival 1.5 or 3 mg/kg or IP 3 mg/kg injection of lidocaine on the same schedule as the gingival LPS. Isolated aortas or mandibles were subjected to the evaluation of histopathologic change, isometric force recording, reactive oxygen species, and Western immunoblotting.

RESULTS:
Mean blood pressure and heart rate did not differ among the control, LPS, LPS + lidocaine (3 mg/kg), and lidocaine (3 mg/kg) groups. LPS application reduced acetylcholine (ACh, 10–9 to 10–5 mol/L)-induced relaxation (29% difference at ACh 3 × 10–8 mol/L, P = .01), which was restored by catalase. Gingival lidocaine (1.5 and 3 mg/kg) dose dependently prevented the endothelial dysfunction caused by LPS application (24.5%–31.1% difference at ACh 3 × 10–8 mol/L, P = .006 or .001, respectively). Similar to the gingival application, the IP injection of lidocaine (3 mg/kg) restored the ACh-induced dilation of isolated aortas from rats with the LPS application (27.5% difference at ACh 3 × 10–8 mol/L, P < .001). Levels of reactive oxygen species were double in aortas from the LPS group (P < .001), whereas the increment was abolished by polyethylene glycol-catalase, gingival lidocaine (3 mg/kg), or the combination. The LPS induced a 4-fold increase in the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the periodontal tissue (P < .001), whereas the lidocaine (3 mg/kg) coadministration partly reduced the levels. Lidocaine application also decreased the protein expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit p47phox, which was enhanced by the gingival LPS (5.6-fold increase; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Lidocaine preserved the aortic endothelial function through a decrease in arterial reactive oxygen species produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and periodontal tumor necrosis factor-α levels in rats with periodontal inflammation. These results suggest the beneficial effect of the gingival application of local anesthetics on the treatment of periodontal diseases on endothelial function of systemic arteries.
Analgesic Choice in Management of Rib Fractures: Paravertebral Block or Epidural Analgesia?
Authors: Malekpour Mahdi , Hashmi Ammar , Dove James , Torres Denise , Wild Jeffrey 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND:
Rib fractures are commonly encountered in the setting of trauma. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the clinical outcome of rib fracture and epidural analgesia (EA) versus paravertebral block (PVB) using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB).

METHODS:
Using the 2011 and 2012 versions of the NTDB, we retrieved completed records for all patients above 18 years of age who were admitted with rib fractures. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU LOS, mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, development of pneumonia, and development of any other complication. Clinical outcomes were first compared between propensity score-matched EA and PVB patients. Then, EA and PVB patients were combined into the procedure group and the outcomes were compared with propensity score-matched patients that received neither intervention (no-procedure group).

RESULTS:
A total of 194,766 patients were included in the study with 1073 patients having EA, 1110 patients having PVB, and 192,583 patients having neither procedure. After propensity score matching, comparison of primary and secondary outcomes between EA and PVB patients showed no difference. Comparison of propensity score-matched procedure and no-procedure patients showed prolonged LOS and more frequent ICU admissions in patients receiving a procedure (both P < .0001), yet having no procedure was associated with a significantly increased odds of mortality (odds ratio: 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–3.84; P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS:
Using the NTDB, EA and PVB were not found to be significantly different in management of rib fractures. There was an association between use of a block and improved outcome, but this could be explained by selection of healthier patients to receive a block. Prospective study of this association is recommended.
Interest of Urinary [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7] for Predicting the Occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Gray Zone Approach
Authors: Finge Toufic , Bertran Sébastien , Roger Claire , Candela Damien , Pereira Bruno , Scott Christopher , Muller Laurent , Louart Benjamin , Lefrant Jean-Yves 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND:
This study assessed the ability of 3-hour postoperative urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 × insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 ([TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7]) to predict postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were eligible for this study. Patients with initial chronic renal insufficiency requiring renal replacement therapy, patients <18 years of age, and parturients were not included. Anesthesia and hemodynamic management followed current practices. Urinary [TIMP2] × [IGFBP-7] was measured in 3-hour postoperative period. The primary objective was the occurrence of AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome [KDIGO] stage >0) within the first 48 hours postoperatively. The ability of urinary [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7] to predict postoperative AKI was assessed by building a receiver operating characteristic curve (with 95% confidence interval [CI] and by a gray zone approach that allowed either the prediction or the exclusion of postoperative AKI with a sensitivity >0.90 and a specificity >0.90).

RESULTS:
AKI occurred in 34 of 93 patients included (37%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of urinary [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7] was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.62–0.83). The best cutoff value for urinary [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7] in predicting AKI was 0.3 ng/mL2/1000 [0.09–1.40] (sensitivity = 76%; 95% CI, 73–97, specificity = 64%; 95% CI, 42–69). Urinary [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7] of <0.09 ng/mL2/1000 and >1.40 ng/mL2/1000 had a sensitivity and specificity >90% in predicting postoperative AKI. Fifty-nine patients (63%) were within the gray zone.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery, urinary [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP-7] could not accurately predict the occurrence of postoperative AKI.
TRPV4 mediates the Ca2+ influx required for the interaction between flightless-1 and non-muscle myosin, and collagen remodeling
Authors: Arora Pamma D. , Di Gregorio Madeleine , He Pei , McCulloch Christopher A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Fibroblasts remodel extracellular matrix collagen, in part, through phagocytosis. This process requires formation of cell extensions, which in turn involves interaction of the actin-binding protein flightless-1 (FliI) with non-muscle myosin IIA (NMMIIA; heavy chain encoded by MYH9) at cell–matrix adhesion sites. As Ca2+ plays a central role in controlling actomyosin-dependent functions, we examined how Ca2+ controls the generation of cell extensions and collagen remodeling. Ratio fluorimetry demonstrated localized Ca2+ influx at the extensions of fibroblasts. Western blotting and quantitative (q)PCR showed high expression levels of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) channel, which co-immunoprecipitated with β1 integrin and localized to adhesions. Treatment with α2β1-integrin-blocking antibody or the TRPV4-specific antagonist AB159908, as well as reduction of TRPV4 expression through means of siRNA, blocked Ca2+ influx. These treatments also inhibited the interaction of FliI with NMMIIA, reduced the number and length of cell extensions, and blocked collagen remodeling. Pulldown assays showed that Ca2+ depletion inhibited the interaction of purified FliI with NMMIIA filaments. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments showed that FliI–NMMIIA interactions require Ca2+ influx. We conclude that Ca2+ influx through the TRPV4 channel regulates FliI–NMMIIA interaction, which in turn enables generation of the cell extensions essential for collagen remodeling.
Ο Αριθμός των Μαθητών των Σχολικών Μονάδων επιδρά στο Ετήσιο Δημόσιο Κόστος ανά Μαθητή; Εμπειρική Απόδειξη από τα Δημόσια Δημοτικά Σχολεία της Γ΄ Διεύθυνσης Αττικής της Περιφέρειας Αττικής
Authors: Αργυρόπουλος Ηλίας , Αργυροπούλου Ευτυχία , Σωτηροπούλου Πηνελόπη 
Published: May 2017

Ένα από τα ζητήματα που ερευνώνται στο πλαίσιο της Οικονομικής της εκπαίδευσης είναι η αναζήτηση του βέλτιστου μεγέθους των δομών της εκπαίδευσης, υπό την έννοια ότι σε αυτό ελαχιστοποιείται το ανά εκπαιδευόμενο, δημόσιο κόστος. Στη χώρα μας, μέχρι σήμερα, το πρόβλημα δεν έχει αντιμετωπιστεί. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση της επίδρασης του μεγέθους των Δημοσίων Σχολικών Μονάδων της Γ΄ Διεύθυνσης Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης Αττικής της Περιφέρειας Αττικής, στο ετήσιο δημόσιο κόστος ανά μαθητή. Χρησιμοποιούνται Διαστρωματικά Στοιχεία (Cross Sectional Data) από 29 σχολικές μονάδες κλασικού προγράμματος και από 40 σχολικές μονάδες Ενιαίου Αναμορφωμένου Εκπαιδευτικού Προγράμματος (ΕΑΕΠ). Μελετώνται χωριστά οι δύο κατηγορίες σχολείων. Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της μελέτης αρχικά προσδιορίζονται τα συνήθη περιγραφικά στατιστικά μέτρα των μεταβλητών S (:αριθμός μαθητών) και C (:ετήσιο μέσο δημόσιο κόστος ανά μαθητή) και αποκαλύπτεται η αρνητική συσχέτιση αυτών. Τέλος, το βέλτιστο μέγεθος προσεγγίζεται μέσω της μεθόδου των ελαχίστων τετραγώνων.
Human Capital and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Greece before Economic Crisis
Authors: Magoula Theocharoula 
Published: May 2017

<p>Αυτό το άρθρο μελετά τη συμβολή της εκπαίδευσης στην οικονομική μεγέθυνση της Ελλάδας κατά τη διάρκεια της περιόδου 1960-2006. Η μέθοδος εκτίμησης βασίζεται στο θεωρητικό υπόδειγμα του E. Denison που περιγράφει την «ποιοτική εργασία» (qualitative labor). Σύμφωνα με το θεωρητικό αυτό υπόδειγμα εκτιμάται η συμβολή του εκπαιδευμένου, ανά βαθμίδα εκπαίδευσης, εργατικού δυναμικού στην οικονομική μεγέθυνση της Ελλάδας.</p><p>Αυτή η μελέτη έχει χρησιμοποιήσει στοιχεία από τους Εθνικούς Λογαριασμούς, την έρευνα εργατικού δυναμικού και τους οικογενειακούς προϋπολογισμούς της ΕΣΥΕ.</p><p> </p><p>Τα αποτελέσματα τεκμηριώνουν τη συνεχή συμβολή των γυναικών εργαζομένων στην Οικονομική μεγέθυνση της Ελλάδας. Επιπλέον τα στοιχεία δείχνουν μία αυξητική τάση της συμβολής των εκπαιδευμένων γυναικών που έχουν τελειώσει τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση στην οικονομική μεγέθυνση της Ελλάδας την περίοδο 1960-1990.</p>
Η αποδοτικότητα στην ανώτερη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση: η περίπτωση των γενικών λυκείων της Περιφέρειας Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας
Authors: Σωτηριάδης Δημήτριος 
Published: May 2017

<p>Για τη διενέργεια αποτίμησης της αποδοτικότητας στο χώρο της εκπαίδευσης, έχουν προταθεί διάφορα μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία εκπαιδευτικής αξιολόγησης, που συχνά διαφέρουν μεταξύ τους. Η Περιβάλλουσα Ανάλυση Δεδομένων , αποτελεί μία ιδιαίτερα διαδεδομένη μεθοδολογία, μέσω της οποίας μπορεί κανείς να υπολογίσει με μη παραμετρικό τρόπο, την αποδοτικότητα ενός συνόλου μονάδων απόφασης. Η Περιβάλλουσα Ανάλυση Δεδομένων θεωρεί τη μονάδα απόφασης (σχολείο) ως μια παραγωγική μονάδα που καταναλώνει πόρους (εισροές) για να παραγάγει ένα σύνολο εκροών. Η έρευνά μας αφορά τα Γενικά Λύκεια της Περιφέρειας Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας, τα σχολικά έτη 2007-08 και 2010-11, δηλαδή πριν την οικονομική κρίση στην Ελλάδα και κατά την διάρκεια αυτής. Χρησιμοποιήσαμε τρεις εισροές και δύο εκροές, σε δύο υποδείγματα: ένα προσανατολισμένο στη μείωση των εισροών σε δεδομένες εκροές και το άλλο προσανατολισμένο στην πιθανή μεγιστοποίηση εκροών σε δεδομένες εισροές. Η κλίμακα αποδοτικότητας είναι η ικανότητα κάθε μονάδας να λειτουργεί στη βέλτιστη κλίμακας λειτουργίας. Το συμπέρασμά μας είναι ότι για το σχολικό έτος 2010-11, το οποίο είναι μέσα στην οικονομική κρίση της Ελλάδας, η κλίμακα αποδοτικότητας των Γενικών Λυκείων της Περιφέρειας Κ. Μακεδονίας είναι καλύτερη σε σχέση με το σχολικό έτος 2007-08.</p>
Οι Διαφορές Mεταξύ των US GAAP και των IFRS κατά τα έτη της Οικονομικής Κρίσης σε Βασικά Εννοιολογικά Μεγέθη Καθώς Επίσης και στις Καταστάσεις Ταμιακών Ροών
Authors: Τούντας Κανέλλος , Ηρειώτης Νικόλαος , Καλαντώνης Πέτρος 
Published: May 2017

<p>US GAAP είναι οι γενικά αποδεκτές λογιστικές αρχές που έχουν εγκριθεί και υιοθετηθεί από την Αμερικανική Επιτροπή Κεφαλαιαγοράς (SEC) ενώ τα Διεθνή Πρότυπα Χρηματοοικονομικής Πληροφόρησης ( ΔΠΧΠ ) – IFRS έχουν σχεδιαστεί ως κοινή παγκόσμια γλώσσα για επαγγελματικές υποθέσεις. Η διάθεση των επιχειρήσεων να αναπτυχθούν και σε ξένες αγορές δημιουργεί την ανάγκη για θέσπιση ενιαίων κανόνων λογιστικής. Έτσι γίνεται επιτακτική η ανάγκη να συγκλίνουν τα IFRS και τα US GAAP. Περίπου 127 χώρες έχουν υιοθετήσει τα IFRS, σύμφωνα με τους Warren , Reeve και Duchac (2014) και θα ανέλθουν σε 150 σύμφωνα με πρόβλεψη του Tyson (2011). Κατά την διαδικασία σύγκλισης διαπιστώνεται ότι τα IFRS αναμένεται να επηρεάζουν περισσότερο τις διεθνείς χρηματαγορές ενώ αντανακλούν καλύτερα την θέση μιας επιχείρησης. (Florou &amp; Kosi 2013). Στην παρούσα εργασία καταγράφονται βασικές ομοιότητες και διαφορές ανάμεσα στα IFRS και τα US GAAP απόρροια της οικονομικής κρίσης.</p>
Promoted Up But Also Out? The Unintended Consequences of Increasing Women’s Representation in Managerial Roles in Engineering
Authors: Cardador M. Teresa 
Published: May 2017

Engineering remains one of the most highly and persistently sex segregated occupations in the United States. Though extant literature submits that women’s increased access to managerial positions in male-dominated occupations should represent an important strategy for addressing sex segregation, my analysis of 61 interviews with industry engineers suggests that increasing women’s disproportionate representation in managerial roles in engineering may promote the very sex segregation it is attempting to mitigate. The analysis highlights how organizations reinforce female engineers’ movement into managerial roles and foster a form of intraoccupational sex segregation with unintended consequences for women. These consequences include fostering mixed identification with engineering, reinforcing stereotypes about women’s suitability for technical work, and increasing work–life balance tensions. The findings further suggest that an inverted role hierarchy in engineering may explain these gendered career patterns and their unintended consequences. By inverted role hierarchy I mean the valuing of technical over managerial roles. Implications for the literatures on occupational sex segregation, women’s representation in managerial roles, and the experience of women in male-dominated occupations are discussed. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1132 .
Re-alignment and intramedullary rodding of the humerus and forearm in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: Revision rate and effect on fracture rate
Authors: Franzone J. M. , Bober M. B. , Rogers K. J. , McGreal C. M. , Kruse R. W. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose Intramedullary rodding is indicated for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) to manage deformity and help treat recurrent fractures. Historically, the focus of intramedullary stabilisation has been the lower extremity. Here we report our experience of intramedullary rodding of the humerus and forearm in children with OI and its impact on the fracture rate of those bone segments. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective chart review of all OI patients who have undergone re-alignment and intramedullary rodding of the humerus or forearm between October 1994 and February 2016. Patient demographics, surgical information, complications and pre-operative and post-operative fracture rates were gathered. Results A total of 45 upper extremity segments (26 humeri, 19 forearms) were rodded at an average age of 8.7 years (3.1 to 19.2). Of these, 15 (33.3%) of the bone segments required a return to the operating room at a mean 30.8 months (1 to 90) post-operatively. Fracture data was available for 24 of the bone segments. The average number of pre-operative and post-operative fractures was 3.58 (SD 2.84) and 0.46 (SD 0.72) respectively. The average pre-operative and post-operative fracture rates were 0.87 fractures/year (SD 0.47) and 0.10 fractures/year (SD 0.16) respectively. Conclusion In this OI population, re-alignment and rodding appeared to reduce the fracture rate of the humerus and forearm. Among our population, one third returned to the operating room and one fifth required revision to a new intramedullary implant. This data may help families better understand the potential outcomes of upper extremity realignment and rodding and its effect on the rate of upper extremity fractures.
Osteoporosis: Exercise Programming Insight for the Sports Medicine Professional
Authors: Cheatham Scott W. , Hanney William J. , Kolber Morey J. , Salamh Paul A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
OSTEOPOROSIS IS A METABOLIC SKELETAL DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY REDUCED BONE MINERAL DENSITY THAT EFFECTS BOTH SEXES. AN ESTIMATED 200 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE HAVE OSTEOPOROSIS, WHICH INCLUDES 54 MILLION PEOPLE AGES 50 YEARS OR OLDER IN THE UNITED STATES. OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES, KNOWLEDGE OF THIS CONDITION HAS GROWN AND SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN THE AREAS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY, RISK MITIGATION, AND HIGHER LEVEL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. THIS MANUSCRIPT PRESENTS AN OVERVIEW OF OSTEOPOROSIS, GUIDELINES FOR RECOGNITION AND SCREENING, RISK FACTORS, EVIDENCE FOR PRESCRIBING INTERVENTIONS TO MITIGATE BONE MINERAL DENSITY LOSS, AND STRATEGIES FOR SAFELY MANAGING THESE INDIVIDUALS.
At What Latency Does the Phase of Brain Oscillations Influence Perception?
Authors: Brüers Sasskia , VanRullen Rufin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent evidence has shown a rhythmic modulation of perception: prestimulus ongoing electroencephalography (EEG) phase in the θ (4–8 Hz) and α (8–13 Hz) bands has been directly linked with fluctuations in target detection. In fact, the ongoing EEG phase directly reflects cortical excitability: it acts as a gating mechanism for information flow at the neuronal level. Consequently, the key phase modulating perception should be the one present in the brain when the stimulus is actually being processed. Most previous studies, however, reported phase modulation peaking 100 ms or more before target onset. To explain this discrepancy, we first use simulations showing that contamination of spontaneous oscillatory signals by target-evoked ERP and signal filtering (e.g., wavelet) can result in an apparent shift of the peak phase modulation towards earlier latencies, potentially reaching the prestimulus period. We then present a paradigm based on linear systems analysis which can uncover the true latency at which ongoing EEG phase influences perception. After measuring the impulse response function, we use it to reconstruct (rather than record) the brain activity of human observers during white noise sequences. We can then present targets in those sequences, and reliably estimate EEG phase around these targets without any influence of the target-evoked response. We find that in these reconstructed signals, the important phase for perception is that of fronto-occipital ∼6 Hz background oscillations at about 75 ms after target onset. These results confirm the causal influence of phase on perception at the time the stimulus is effectively processed in the brain.
Succession of transiently active tumor‐initiating cell clones in human pancreatic cancer xenografts
Authors: Ball Claudia R , Oppel Felix , Ehrenberg Karl Roland , Dubash Taronish D , Dieter Sebastian M , Hoffmann Christopher M , Abel Ulrich , Herbst Friederike , Koch Moritz , Werner Jens , Bergmann Frank , Ishaque Naveed , Schmidt Manfred , von Kalle Christof , Scholl Claudia , Fröhling Stefan , Brors Benedikt , Weichert Wilko , Weitz Jürgen , Glimm Hanno 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough tumor‐initiating cell (TIC) self‐renewal has been postulated to be essential in progression and metastasis formation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), clonal dynamics of TICs within PDAC tumors are yet unknown. Here, we show that long‐term progression of PDAC in serial xenotransplantation is driven by a succession of transiently active TICs producing tumor cells in temporally restricted bursts. Clonal tracking of individual, genetically marked TICs revealed that individual tumors are generated by distinct sets of TICs with very little overlap between subsequent xenograft generations. An unexpected functional and phenotypic plasticity of pancreatic TICs in vivo underlies the recruitment of inactive TIC clones in serial xenografts. The observed clonal succession of TIC activity in serial xenotransplantation is in stark contrast to the continuous activity of limited numbers of self‐renewing TICs within a fixed cellular hierarchy observed in other epithelial cancers and emphasizes the need to target TIC activation, rather than a fixed TIC population, in PDAC.
Improving Response in Genomic Selection with a Population-Based Selection Strategy: Optimal Population Value Selection
Authors: Goiffon Matthew , Kusmec Aaron , Wang Lizhi , Hu Guiping , Schnable Patrick S 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGoiffon et al. introduce the optimal population value (OPV) as a new metric for genomic selection. OPV is based on the maximum possible haploid value...Genomic selection (GS) identifies individuals for inclusion in breeding programs based on the sum of their estimated marker effects or genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). Due to significant correlation between GEBVs and true breeding values, this has resulted in enhanced rates of genetic gain as compared to traditional methods of selection. Three extensions to GS, weighted genomic selection (WGS), optimal haploid value (OHV) selection, and genotype building (GB) selection have been proposed to improve long-term response, and to facilitate the efficient development of doubled haploids. In separate simulation studies, these methods were shown to outperform GS under various assumptions. However, further potential for improvement exists. In this paper, optimal population value (OPV) selection is introduced as selection based on the maximum possible haploid value in a subset of the population. Instead of evaluating the breeding merit of individuals as in GS, WGS, and OHV selection, the proposed method evaluates the breeding merit of a set of individuals as in GB. After testing these selection methods extensively, OPV and GB selection were found to achieve greater responses than GS, WGS, and OHV, with OPV outperforming GB across most percentiles. These results suggest a new paradigm for selection methods in which an individual’s value is dependent upon its complementarity with others.