bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Adults With Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies
Authors: Orr Serena L. , Friedman Benjamin W. , Christie Suzanne , Minen Mia T. , Bamford Cynthia , Kelley Nancy E. , Tepper Deborah 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo provide evidence‐based treatment recommendations for adults with acute migraine who require treatment with injectable medication in an emergency department (ED). We addressed two clinically relevant questions: (1) Which injectable medications should be considered first‐line treatment for adults who present to an ED with acute migraine? (2) Do parenteral corticosteroids prevent recurrence of migraine in adults discharged from an ED?MethodsThe American Headache Society convened an expert panel of authors who defined a search strategy and then performed a search of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database and clinical trial registries from inception through 2015. Identified articles were rated using the American Academy of Neurology's risk of bias tool. For each medication, the expert panel determined likelihood of efficacy. Recommendations were created accounting for efficacy, adverse events, availability of alternate therapies, and principles of medication action.Results/ConclusionsThe search identified 68 unique randomized controlled trials utilizing 28 injectable medications. Of these, 19 were rated class 1 (low risk of bias), 21 were rated class 2 (higher risk of bias), and 28 were rated class 3 (highest risk of bias). Metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and sumatriptan each had multiple class 1 studies supporting acute efficacy, as did dexamethasone for prevention of headache recurrence. All other medications had lower levels of evidence.RecommendationsIntravenous metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, and subcutaneous sumatriptan should be offered to eligible adults who present to an ED with acute migraine (Should offer—Level B). Dexamethasone should be offered to these patients to prevent recurrence of headache (Should offer—Level B). Because of lack of evidence demonstrating efficacy and concern about sub‐acute or long‐term sequelae, injectable morphine and hydromorphone are best avoided as first‐line therapy (May avoid–Level C).
Recurrent mutations in genes involved in nuclear factor‐κB signalling in nodal marginal zone lymphoma—diagnostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: van den Brand Michiel , Rijntjes Jos , Hebeda Konnie M , Menting Laura , Bregitha Carolyn V , Stevens Wendy B C , van der Velden Walter J F M , Tops Bastiaan B J , van Krieken J Han J M , Groenen Patricia J T A 
Published: June 2016

AimsTo investigate the spectrum of mutations in 20 genes involved in B‐cell receptor and/or Toll‐like receptor signalling resulting in activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) in 20 nodal marginal zone lymphomas (NMZLs), 20 follicular lymphomas (FLs), and 11 cases of B‐cell lymphoma, unclassifiable (BCL‐u).Methods and resultsNodal marginal zone lymphomas were diagnosed according to strict criteria, including the expression of at least one putative marginal zone marker (MNDA and/or IRTA1). Cases that showed features of NMZL but did not fulfil all criteria were included as BCL‐u. All FLs were required to have a BCL2 rearrangement. Mutations were found in: nine NMZLs, with recurrent mutations in TNFAIP3 and CD79B; 12 FLs, with recurrent mutations in TNFRSF14, TNFAIP3, and CARD11; and five cases of BCL‐u, with recurrent mutations in TNFRSF14. TNFRSF14 mutations were present in FL and BCL‐u, but not in any of the NMZLs. In the BCL‐u group, TNFRSF14 mutations clustered with a FL immunophenotype.ConclusionsThese results suggest that TNFRSF14 mutations point towards a diagnosis of FL, and can be used in the sometimes difficult distinction between NMZL and FL, but to apply this in diagnostics would require confirmation in an independent cohort. In addition, the presence or absence of specific mutations in pathways converging on NF‐κB could be important for decisions regarding targeted treatment.
The common gamma chain cytokine interleukin‐21 is expressed by activated lymphocytes from two macropod marsupials, Macropus eugenii and Onychogalea fraenata
Authors: Suthers A. N. , Old J. M. , Young L. J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn mammals, interleukin‐21 is a member of the common gamma chain cytokine family that also includes IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐7, IL‐9 and IL‐15. IL‐21 has pleiotropic effects on both myeloid and lymphoid immune cells and as a consequence, the biological actions of IL‐21 are broad: regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses and playing a pivotal role in antiviral, inflammatory and antitumour cellular responses. While IL‐21 genes have been characterized in mammals, birds, fish and amphibians, there are no reports for any marsupial species to date. We characterized the expressed IL‐21 gene from immune tissues of two macropod species, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), a model macropod, and the closely related endangered bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata). The open reading frame of macropod IL‐21 is 462 nucleotides in length and encodes a 153‐mer putative protein that has 46% identity with human IL‐21. Despite the somewhat low amino acid conservation with other mammals, structural elements and residues essential for IL‐21 conformation and receptor association were conserved in the macropod IL‐21 predicted peptides. The detection of IL‐21 gene expression in T‐cell‐enriched tissues, combined with analysis of the promotor region of the tammar wallaby gene, suggests that macropod IL‐21 is expressed in stimulated T cells but is not readily detected in other cells and tissues. The similarity of gene expression profile and functionally important amino acid residues to eutherian IL‐21 makes it unlikely that the differences in B‐ and T‐cell responses that are reported for some marsupial species are due to a lack of important functional residues or IL‐21 gene expression in this group of mammals.
Nothing is more practical than a good conceptual artifact… which may be a theory, framework, model, metaphor, paradigm or perhaps some other abstraction
Authors: Alter Steven 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis research commentary proposes a way to make progress in the IS discipline's inconclusive discussion about the nature and role of theory. In some ways, the creation and testing of theory seems to be the primary goal of IS research. Despite that, there are persistent questions whether theory has become a fetish in the IS discipline and whether the routinized production and testing of mid‐range theories is little more than an uninspired script that reduces the value and interest of IS research. This paper reframes the discussion around the idea of ‘conceptual artifact’ that has been discussed widely in educational psychology for over a decade. Conceptual artifacts are abstract knowledge objects that can be produced, tested and improved. This paper recognizes the value of both abstract knowledge (conceptual artifacts) and non‐abstract knowledge. It explains that theorizing produces, evaluates or improves useful conceptual artifacts that may or may not be theories. It validates four premises related to conceptual artifacts by showing that theorizing related to work system theory created or used many different types of conceptual artifacts. It identifies nine criteria for evaluating conceptual artifacts and shows that some of them differ from typical criteria for evaluating Gregor Type IV theories. As a whole, it argues that that privileging theory over other types of conceptual artifacts may not be beneficial in pursuing the research questions that the IS discipline needs to study.
The treatment experiences of people living with ileostomies: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Spiers Johanna , Smith Jonathan A. , Simpson Phillip , Nicholls Adam R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore treatment and healthcare experiences of people living with ileostomies, so nurses can build on best practice while caring for these patients.BackgroundIleostomies, where the small intestine is re‐directed out of a stoma in the abdominal wall so waste is collected using a bag, are used to treat conditions including inflammatory bowel disease. Existing research suggests that although life with a stoma can be challenging, ileostomy patients are largely supported by multi‐disciplinary teams. However, more research is needed to understand the nuances of these relationships and experiences of treatment, with a view to improving clinical care.DesignParticipants took part in semi‐structured interviews consisting of open‐ended questions about their experiences of life with an ileostomy and their treatments and time in hospital. Points of interest were followed up. Data were collected between July–December of 2014.MethodsThe qualitative method interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse interviews with 21 people living with ileostomies.FindingsWe present findings from two clinical themes: Issues around treatment and Relationships with multi‐disciplinary teams. Surgical complications were common and several participants reported concerns about addiction to painkillers. Varying attitudes were found around reversal surgery. Many reported experiencing distressing, dehumanizing care, while some felt supported by excellent healthcare providers.ConclusionPeople living with ileostomies have a very mixed experience of multi‐disciplinary teams and treatments and much could be done to support them more fully. For example, more information about ileostomies could be given to patients and more training given to nurses around stomas.
Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation After Lead Extraction in Patients With Severe Device Infection
Authors: KYPTA ALEXANDER , BLESSBERGER HERMANN , KAMMLER JUERGEN , LAMBERT THOMAS , LICHTENAUER MICHAEL , BRANDSTAETTER WALTER , GABRIEL MICHAEL , STEINWENDER CLEMENS 
Published: June 2016

Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation After Lead ExtractionBackgroundConventional pacemaker therapy is limited by short‐ and long‐term complications, most notably device infection. Transcatheter pacing systems (TPS) may be beneficial in this kind of patients as they eliminate the need for a device pocket and leads and thus may reduce the risk of re‐infection.MethodsWe assessed a novel procedure in 6 patients with severe device infection who were pacemaker dependent. After lead extraction a single chamber TPS was implanted into the right ventricle.ResultsOf the 6 patients who underwent lead extraction due to severe device infection at our institution, 3 were diagnosed with a pocket infection only, whereas the other 3 showed symptoms of both pocket and lead infection. Successful lead extraction and TPS implantation was accomplished in all patients. Four patients were bridged with a temporary pacemaker between 2 hours and 2 days after lead extraction, whereas 2 patients had the TPS implanted during the same procedure just before traditional pacemaker system removal. All patients stayed free of infection during the follow‐up period of 12 weeks. An additional positron emission tomography scan was performed in each patient and indicated no signs of an infection around the TPS.ConclusionTranscather pacemaker implantation was safe and feasible in 6 patients and did not result in re‐infection even if implanted before removal of the infected pacemaker system within the same procedure. Therefore, implantation of a TPS may be an option for patients with severe device infection, especially in those with blocked venous access or who are pacemaker dependent.
Advanced glycation end products impair the functions of saphenous vein but not thoracic artery smooth muscle cells through RAGE/MAPK signalling pathway in diabetes
Authors: Sun Yongxin , Kang Le , Li Jun , Liu Huan , Wang Yulin , Wang Chunsheng , Zou Yunzeng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSaphenous vein (SV) and internal thoracic artery (ITA) are commonly used bypass conduits. However, graft failure occurs in SV rather than in ITA, especially in diabetes (DM). The mechanism for this difference has not been fully understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and activation of AGEs receptor (RAGE) could accelerate smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation in DM, we thus asked whether AGEs‐RAGE could mediate the differences between SMC from SV (SMCV) and from ITA (SMCA). Twenty‐five patients with DM and other 25 patients without DM were enclosed in DM and control group, respectively. AGEs (100 μg/ml) were added to cultured SMCA and SMCV obtained at coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and proliferative rates were determined. Transcript expression, phosphorylation or protein expression levels of MAP kinase family (ERK, p38 and JNK), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 were analysed by real‐time PCR, Western‐blot or immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Compared with paired SMCA, SMCV showed significantly increased proliferation rate, MAP kinase family phosphorylation, and MMP‐2/9 expression in both groups, especially in DM group. The responses of SMCV induced by AGEs were significantly larger in DM than in control group, which could be suppressed by inhibition of RAGE and ERK. However, all the cellular events of SMCV were not found in paired SMCA. This study suggests that AGEs‐RAGE could induce the proliferation of SMCV but not SMCA via MAP kinase pathway in DM. It is the intrinsic ‘inactive’ tendency of SMCA that contributes to the different rates of graft disease between SV and ITA after CABG.
The association of six non‐synonymous variants in three DNA repair genes with hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Yan‐Hui , Wang Bin , Xu Bai‐Ping , Jiang Dan‐Na , Zhao Dong‐Mei , Ji Man‐Ru , Zhou Li , Li Xue , Lu Chang‐Zhu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is a complex polygenic disease. Despite the huge advances in genetic epidemiology, it still remains a challenge to unveil the genetic architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma. We, therefore, decided to meta‐analytically assess the association of six non‐synonymous coding variants from XRCC1, XRCC3 and XPD genes with hepatocellular carcinoma risk by pooling the results of 20 English articles. This meta‐analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, and data collection was independently completed in duplicate. In overall analyses, the minor alleles of four variants, Arg280His (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P: 1.37, 1.13–1.66, 0.001), Thr241Met (1.93, 1.17–3.20, 0.011), Asp312Asn (1.22, 1.08–1.38, 0.001) and Lys751Gln (1.42, 1.02–1.97, 0.038), were associated with the significant risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. There were low probabilities of publication bias for all variants. Subgroup analyses revealed significant association of XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln with hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese especially from south China (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P: 1.57, 1.16–2.14, 0.004), in larger studies (1.48, 1.11–1.98, 0.007) and in studies with population‐based controls (1.33, 1.06–1.68, 0.016). Taken together, our findings demonstrated that XPD gene Asp312Asn and XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln might be candidate susceptibility loci for hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering the ubiquity of genetic heterogeneity, further validation in a broad range of ethnic populations is warranted.
Local Responses to the European Social Fund: A Cross‐City Comparison of Usage and Change
Authors: Zimmermann Katharina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGovernance in the European Union has become increasingly complex and multi‐facetted in the last decades. The article argues that the ESF (European Social Fund) is a crucial example in this regard since it combines financial incentives, procedural requirements and programmatic conditions. In order to analyse local responses to this complex governance tool, the article deploys analytical tools from the Europeanization literature and builds on in‐depth case knowledge from 18 cities in six European countries. A QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) combined with case discussions reveals three different types of responses to the ESF. In ‘transformer‐cases’, both usage of the ESF and change brought by it can be observed. In ‘cream‐skimmer‐cases’, only usage but no change was measured, and in ‘refusenik‐cases’, neither usage nor change was detected. While usage of the ESF can be explained by individual motivation of local actors or the incentivizing dimension of the funds, change is apparently more complex.
Can Information Increase Turnout in European Parliament Elections? Evidence from a Quasi‐experiment in Denmark
Authors: Hogh Esben , Larsen Martin Vinæs 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe examine the effect of information on turnout at a European Parliament election in Denmark. We utilize a quasi‐experimental design to sidestep the substantial problems related to causal inference associated with identifying the effect of information. Specifically, we look at a group of Danish first‐time voters, some of whom were exogenously exposed to information in the run‐up to the 2014 European Parliament election, by participating in a one‐day workshop about EU (European Union) politics. We find that those who participated were more knowledgeable about and more likely to vote in the upcoming European Parliament election. This suggests that increasing political participation in the EU could, in part, be a matter of exposing the European public to more information about EU politics.
Alterations of gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhuang Xiaojun , Xiong Lishou , Li Li , Li Manying , Chen Minhu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsAlterations of gut microbiota were assumed to be the etiology and pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in some studies. However, alterations of gut microbiota in IBS patients had not been systematically assessed with a meta‐analysis. We performed a mate‐analysis to explore and compare the alterations of gut microbiota in IBS patients from China and other regions around the world.MethodsCase–control studies detecting gut microbiota in IBS patients were identified through English and Chinese databases. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of bacterial counts was calculated.ResultsTen studies from China and seven studies from other regions around the world were included in our study. As compared with healthy controls, the SMDs of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Escherichia Coli, and Enterobacter in Chinese IBS patients were −1.42 (CI: −2.10, −0.75), −0.91 (95% CI: −1.31, −0.52), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.40), and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.82), respectively. But the SMDs of Bacteroides and Enterococcus were found no significant differences in Chinese IBS patients. However, the SMDs of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides in IBS patients from other regions were −0.76 (CI: −1.43, −0.09) and 1.17 (CI: 0.00, 2.35), while the SMDs of Lactobacillus, E. Coli, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus were found no significant differences.ConclusionsThere were alterations of gut microbiota in IBS patients, and it implied that alterations of gut microbiota might be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS. However, the species‐specific alterations of gut microbiota were different between IBS patients from China and other regions.
Evaluation of the nutritional status of older hospitalised geriatric patients: a comparative analysis of a Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) version and the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002)
Authors: Christner S. , Ritt M. , Volkert D. , Wirth R. , Sieber C. C. , Gaßmann K.‐G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate a short‐form (MNA‐SF) version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), in which some of the items were operationalised, based on scores from tools used for a comprehensive geriatric assessment, as a method for analysing the nutritional status of hospitalised geriatric patients. We compared this MNA‐SF version with the corresponding MNA long‐form (MNA‐LF) and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) in terms of completion rate, prevalence and agreement regarding malnutrition and/or the risk of this.MethodsIn total, 201 patients aged ≥65 years who were hospitalised in geriatric wards were included in this analysis.ResultsThe MNA‐SF, MNA‐LF and NRS 2002 were completed in 98.0%, 95.5% and 99.5% of patients (P = 0.06), respectively. The MNA‐SF, MNA‐LF and NRS 2002 categorised 93.4%, 91.1% and 66.0% of patients as being malnourished or at risk of being malnourished (P < 0.001). Agreement between the MNA‐SF and MNA‐LF was substantial (κ = 0.70, P < 0.001). No agreement between the MNA‐SF and NRS 2002 was found (κ = −0.12, P < 0.001). Interestingly, NRS 2002 part 1 (prescreening) revealed a false negative rate of 21.0% (only in patients aged ≥70 years who showed moderate disease severity) in relation to the NRS 2002 part 2.ConclusionsThe MNA‐SF version emerged as a useful tool for evaluating the nutritional status of hospitalised geriatric patients. The NRS 2002 part 1 showed limited value as a prescreening aid in relation to the NRS 2002 part 2 in the same group of patients.
Taste preference, food neophobia and nutritional intake in children consuming a cows’ milk exclusion diet: a prospective study
Authors: Maslin K. , Grimshaw K. , Oliver E. , Roberts G. , Arshad S. H. , Dean T. , Grundy J. , Glasbey G. , Venter C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTaste exposure in infancy is known to predict food preferences later in childhood. This is particularly relevant in children with cows’ milk allergy who consume a substitute formula and/or a cows’ milk exclusion (CME) diet early in life. This prospective study aimed to show whether there is a long‐term effect of consuming a substitute formula and CME diet on taste preferences and dietary intake.MethodsChildren were predominantly recruited from two large birth cohort studies in the UK. Two groups were recruited: an experimental group of children who had consumed a CME diet during infancy and a control group who had consumed an unrestricted diet during infancy. Parents completed a food neophobia questionnaire and an estimated prospective food diary. Children completed a taste preference test and their growth was assessed.ResultsOne hundred and one children with a mean age of 11.5 years were recruited (28 CME and 73 controls). Children in the CME group had a significantly higher preference for bitter taste than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the groups with respect to the intake of some micronutrients, including riboflavin, iodine, sodium and selenium. Food neophobia did not differ between groups. Some 28% of the CME group were overweight/obese compared to 15% of the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsConsuming a substitute formula and/or a CME diet in infancy has a long‐term effect on the preference for bitter taste. Differences exist with respect to the intake of some micronutrients, but not macronutrients. There was a nonsignificant trend towards being overweight and obese in children in the CME group.