bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying a subset of patients with DCIS who have a low likelihood of residual disease at surgical excision following a core needle biopsy
Authors: Murphy Brittany L. , Gonzalez Alexandra B. , Conners Amy L. , Henrichsen Tara L. , Keeney Michael G. , Chen Beiyun , Nguyen Toan T. , Harmsen William S. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Shah Harsh N. , Jakub James W. 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivesCurrent randomized controlled trials are investigating the outcomes of non‐surgical treatment for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We sought to evaluate pre‐operative factors associated with no residual disease at definitive resection following a core needle biopsy (CNB) diagnosis of DCIS.MethodsEight hundred and thirty‐four operations for DCIS were performed at our institution between January 2004 and October 2014. We evaluated patient and biopsy tumor characteristics to determine pre‐operative factors associated with no residual disease at surgical resection using uni‐ and multivariable analyses.ResultsSixty‐nine patients (8%) had no residual disease on final pathology. On multivariable analysis, low‐ or intermediate‐grade lesions, <1 cm in size on mammography, and lesions where ≥90% of calcifications were removed correlated with finding no residual disease on final pathology, c‐statistic 0.84. Of the 14 patients with all three low‐risk factors, 36% had no residual disease on final pathology.ConclusionsAlthough our multivariable analysis performed well, its clinical utility would be limited as we were unable to identify a subset of patients with DCIS in whom the probability of finding no residual disease is low enough to consider routine use of non‐surgical management.
A Dendritic Amphiphile for Efficient Control of Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Mineralization
Authors: Hentrich Doreen , Taabache Soraya , Brezesinski Gerald , Lange Nele , Unger Wolfgang , Kübel Christian , Bertin Annabelle , Taubert Andreas 
Published: April 2017

The phase behavior of a dendritic amphiphile containing a Newkome‐type dendron as the hydrophilic moiety and a cholesterol unit as the hydrophobic segment is investigated at the air–liquid interface. The amphiphile forms stable monomolecular films at the air–liquid interface on different subphases. Furthermore, the mineralization of calcium phosphate beneath the monolayer at different calcium and phosphate concentrations versus mineralization time shows that at low calcium and phosphate concentrations needles form, whereas flakes and spheres dominate at higher concentrations. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron diffraction confirm the formation of calcium phosphate. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction confirm the predominant formation of octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. The data also indicate that the final products form via a complex multistep reaction, including an association step, where nano‐needles aggregate into larger flake‐like objects.
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Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha does not regulate osteoclastogenesis but enhances bone resorption activity via prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase 2
Authors: Hulley Philippa A , Bishop Tammie , Vernet Aude , Schneider Jurgen E , Edwards James R , Athanasou Nick A , Knowles Helen J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOsteogenic–angiogenic coupling is promoted by the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) transcription factor, provoking interest in HIF activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve osteoblast mineralization and treat pathological osteolysis. However, HIF also enhances the bone‐resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. It is therefore essential to determine the full effect(s) of HIF on both the formation and the bone‐resorbing function of osteoclasts in order to understand how they might respond to such a strategy. Expression of HIF‐1α mRNA and protein increased during osteoclast differentiation from CD14+ monocytic precursors, additionally inducing expression of the HIF‐regulated glycolytic enzymes. However, HIF‐1α siRNA only moderately affected osteoclast differentiation, accelerating fusion of precursor cells. HIF induction by inhibition of the regulatory prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes reduced osteoclastogenesis, but was confirmed to enhance bone resorption by mature osteoclasts. Phd2+/− murine osteoclasts also exhibited enhanced bone resorption, associated with increased expression of resorption‐associated Acp5, in comparison with wild‐type cells from littermate controls. Phd3−/− bone marrow precursors displayed accelerated early fusion, mirroring results with HIF‐1α siRNA. In vivo, Phd2+/− and Phd3−/− mice exhibited reduced trabecular bone mass, associated with reduced mineralization by Phd2+/− osteoblasts. These data indicate that HIF predominantly functions as a regulator of osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption, with little effect on osteoclast differentiation. Inhibition of HIF might therefore represent an alternative strategy to treat diseases characterized by pathological levels of osteolysis. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Evaluation of the James Initiation Criterion in the 21 mm and 50 mm PMMA Gap Test
Authors: Wurster Sebastian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe gap test has been used for several decades as a measure for the shock sensitivity of high explosives. Normally the axial pressure in the gap is used as the necessary initiation pressure of a high explosive for a shock to detonation transition. But it has been shown in the past that the pressure in the gap is not a suitable measure for shock sensitivity and other criteria like the James criterion in terms of critical energy fluence and critical specific kinetic energy should be used. To evaluate the James criterion in the 21 mm and 50 mm polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) gap test numerical simulations are conducted. To validate the simulations a 21 mm water gap test is simulated and compared to experimental results, where the axial pressure calibration can be reproduced with high accuracy. With the results from the simulation of the 21 mm and 50 mm gap test it is shown that at the same maximum axial pressure the energy fluence is higher in the 50 mm gap test. This explains to some extent the higher initiation pressures observed in smaller gap tests. The James criterion is derived and it is shown that the two gap tests probe very different regions in the energy fluence vs. specific kinetic energy plane. The results can be used as a calibration for the gap tests and are intended to improve the comparability of gap test results among each other and with different initiation experiments like flyer or heavy fragment impact testing.
Stability of multigroup‐coupled models by stochastic perturbations
Authors: Zhang Chaolong , Deng Feiqi , Zhao Xueyan , Ren Hongwei 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis paper focuses on stability of multigroup‐coupled models by stochastic perturbation. Based on combining graph theory with stochastic differential equation, new methods are obtained, and sufficient conditions onpth moment exponentially stable and almost surely exponentially stable for the multigroup‐coupled models with stochastic perturbations are provided. These results are use for examining the stability of multigroup‐coupled models by stochastic perturbations. The results show that the random part plays an important role in the stability of the multigroup‐coupled models. It can be designed more easily in practice. At last, an example is worked out to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C‐H Bond Activation Induced by Group 4 Metal Nitrogen Bond to Form Acetimidamide Metal Complexes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA group 4 metal nitrogen bond is inserted into the carbon‐nitrogen double bond of N,N’ di‐tert‐butylcarbodiimide to afford dimeric metal complexes of molecular formula [κ2‐{Me3C‐NC(=NCMe3)CH2NMe}M(NMe2)2]2 [M=Zr (1); and Hf (2)] supported by the N,N′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐(methylamino)acetimidamide ligand. Metal‐nitrogen mediated C‐H bond activation α in the nitrogen atom leads to the formation of acetimidamide complexes. An analogous reaction with zirconium and hafnium tetrakis(amide) with di‐tert‐butylcarbodiimides under hydrous conditions leads to insertion of the [M(NMe2)2O]2 moiety into complexes 1 and 2 to form another class of complexes formulated as [κ2‐{Me3CNC(=NCMe3)CH2N−Me}M(NMe2)2{M(μ‐O)NMe2}2]2 (M=Zr (3), Hf (4). The molecular structures of complexes 1, 3, and 4 in their solid states are reported here.
With a little help from my child: A dyad approach to immigrant mothers' and adolescents' socio‐cultural adaptation
Authors: Titzmann Peter F. , Gniewosz Burkhard 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIntergenerational adjustment theories suggest that immigrant adolescents may be particularly influential in their families, as they take on family obligations and serve as language brokers. Empirical research in this regard is, however, scarce. One aim of this study was to test whether adolescents' linguistic competence in German adds to the explanation of maternal socio‐cultural adaptation difficulties in Germany. Another aim was to investigate whether the association between adolescents' linguistic competence and maternal socio‐cultural adaptation difficulties differs depending on adolescents' involvement in family obligations. The sample comprised 185 ethnic German immigrant mother‐adolescent dyads from the former Soviet Union (15.7 years old; 60% female). Results of Actor‐Partner Interdependence Models, which were developed for dyad data analysis, indicated that mothers of adolescents with a good command of German indeed report fewer socio‐cultural adaptation difficulties. The transmission effect from adolescent to mother was particularly pronounced when the adolescent was heavily involved in family obligations.
Unconventional Violence and International Politics
Authors: Abu-Lughod Ibrahim 
Published: April 2017

I find myself in agreement with Professor Dugard’s dissent concerning the title given us for discussion, namely the question of “terrorism.” I have titled my discussion instead “unconventional violence and international politics.”Violence has constituted an important aspect of international relations for as long as recorded history. Despite all honest and important efforts, legal or otherwise, to control, regulate, and contain the kind of violence, legitimate or illegitimate, that can be utilized by states there is every likelihood that international relations will continue to be governed by the capacities of states to resort to violence in the pursuit of their real or imagined interests.
Polymorphism in male genitalia ofAedes(Ochlerotatus)scapularisRondani, 1848
Authors: Petersen V. , Virginio F. , Suesdek L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMorphology of male genitalia of culicids is generally species-specific and often used as a taxonomic marker. However, some characters of the male genitalia vary intraspecifically and are not taxonomically diagnostic. This might be the case ofAedes scapularis, a Neotropical culicid with vector competence for arboviruses and filarial worms. Males of this species may or not present a retrorse process (RP) in the genitalic claspette filaments, which led authors to suspect that this variance might be indicative of population divergence or incipient speciation process. This suspicion has not been investigated hitherto and it is not known if there are variable patterns of RPs. We hypothesized that the presence of the RP varies intraspecifically inAe. scapularisand then we statistically evaluated the variability of this character in a single population. To this study the genitalia of 73 males ofAe. scapulariswere prepared, and their RPs were meristically quantified and categorized according to the phenotypes observed. We noted that the presence or RPs is a polymorphic character because it varied inter and intra-individually. The presence of a single RP on each claspette filament was the predominant pattern (77%), but absent or multiple RPs in each filament were also found either in bilateral symmetry or asymmetry. Thus, we conclude that the presence of RPs owing to its high variability is not indicative of populational divergence or diagnostic of species complex withinAe. scapularis.
‘Unwanted Scraps’ or ‘An Alert, Resolute, Resentful People’? Chinese Railroad Workers in French Congo
Authors: Martínez Julia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the late 1920s, the colonial government of French Equatorial Africa decided to employ Chinese workers to complete their railway line. The employment of Chinese indentured labor had already become the subject of considerable international criticism. The Chinese government was concerned that the French could not guarantee worker health and safety and denied their application. However, the recruitment went ahead with the help of the government of French Indochina. This article explores the nature of Chinese worker protest during their time in Africa and their struggle against French notions of what constituted appropriate treatment of so-called “coolie” labor.
Asian Indentured Labor in the Age of African American Emancipation
Authors: Sell Zach 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article examines transnational connections between African American emancipation in the United States and Chinese and Indian indenture within the British Empire. In an era of social upheaval and capitalist crisis, planters and colonial officials envisioned coolies as a source of uninterrupted plantation labor. This vision was often bound to the conditions of African American emancipation. In British Honduras, colonial officials sought to bring emancipated African Americans to the colony as labor for sugar plantations. When this project failed, interest turned toward indentured Chinese labor managed by white planters from the U.S. South. In India’s North-Western Provinces, the outbreak of famine came to be seen as a “kindred distress” to the crisis in Lancashire’s textile industry. Unemployed English factory workers were seen as suffering from famine due to the scarcity of slave-produced cotton, just as colonial subjects suffered from scarcity of food. While some weavers in the North-Western Provinces were taken into the coolie trade, the emigration of unemployed Lancashire weavers was looked to as a possible alternative to indenture. Drawing upon archives in Australia, Belize, Britain, India, and the United States, this article explores connections between seemingly disparate histories. By focusing upon their interrelation, this article locates the formation of crisis not in raw materials, but rather within a transnational struggle over racialized labor exploitation, or what W.E.B. Du Bois called the “dark and vast sea of human labor.”
Toward a Political History of Capital?
Authors: Delalande Nicolas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The interaction between economic analysis and political action is one of the major issues raised by Capital in the Twenty-First Century and by any work of political economy. However, the way this interaction works and changes over time is not always clear in Thomas Piketty’s book. This critical review, informed by history and political science, aims to open up three areas of discussion. Are redistributive tax policies a mere accident, produced by the chaotic history of the twentieth century, and, if so, what might their future be? On what grounds could capitalism’s tendency to create inequality be regulated in the absence of any alternative system? Finally, can deliberative democracy offer any solution, or has it already been profoundly weakened by the very economic processes that Piketty’s brings to the fore in his book? A political history of capital seems more essential than ever.
Servitude and Work at the Dawn of the Early Modern Era The Devaluation of Salaried Workers and the “Undeserving Poor”
Authors: Todeschini Giacomo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Thomas Piketty’s analysis of the way that neoliberal economists use false meritocracy to justify growing economic inequality invites historians to reconsider the representation of workers in the economic thought and administrative politics of preindustrial Western Europe. This renewed focus on those termed mercenarii in theological, economic, and legal texts, namely salaried workers, shows that since the thirteenth century the literate elites of Christian Europe have interpreted manual labor as the sign of a competence that was useful but also socially and politically devalorizing. The ancient Roman conception of wages as auctoramentum servitutis, or evidence of servitude, reemerges at the end of Middle Ages in the guise of a complex theological, legal, and governmental discourse about the intellectual incompetence and necessary political marginality of salaried workers as manual laborers. At the dawn of the early modern era, the representation of salaried labor as a social condition corresponding to a state of servitude and lack of intellect characterizes both literary works and the economic rationality embodied by the first “scientific” economists.
From the Present to the Past The Historical Dynamics of Wealth in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Béguin Katia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Historians generally account for the dynamics of asset accumulation and the concentration of wealth in early modern societies by invoking systems of inheritance, matrimonial strategies, political distribution, and market transfers of property. Thomas Piketty emphasizes a more significant factor: higher returns on inherited capital. This article considers the ways in which early modern history might make use of such a hypothesis.
Thomas Piketty in America
Authors: Barreyre Nicolas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This essay proposes a reading of Capital in the Twenty-First Century from a perspective rooted in the nineteenth-century United States. It explores some of the ways that Piketty’s book and its American reception could lead to a reconceptualization of US history. In a feedback loop, this exploration in turn suggests elements that extend and qualify some of Piketty’s conclusions, especially regarding the role of politics in the processes responsible for the growth of inequality under modern capitalism.
History and Geography in the Classroom Constructing Knowledge through Savoir-Faire
Authors: Barbier Virginie 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article seeks to link the teaching of history and geography to issues affecting research in the two disciplines. It invites the reader to reflect on the relationship between the knowledge that a teacher passes on to his or her pupils and the acquisition of a research method as a savoir-faire or know-how, even as a way of being. After offering an insight into current teacher training, the author, a secondary-school teacher, uses concrete teaching situations to explain the necessity of making pupils active participants in their own learning process and helping them develop sound research methods.
Widespread patterns of sexually dimorphic gene expression in an avian hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis
Authors: MacManes Matthew D. , Austin Suzanne H. , Lang Andrew S. , Booth April , Farrar Victoria , Calisi Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is a key biological system required for reproduction and associated sexual behaviors to occur. In the avian reproductive model of the rock dove (Columba livia), we characterized the transcript community of each tissue of the HPG axis in both sexes, thereby significantly expanding our mechanistic insight into HPG activity. We report greater sex-biased differential expression in the pituitary as compared to the hypothalamus, with multiple genes more highly expressed in the male pituitary being related to secretory function, and multiple genes more highly expressed in the female pituitary being related to reproduction, growth, and development. We report tissue-specific and sex-biased expression in genes commonly investigated when studying reproduction, highlighting the need for sex parity in future studies. In addition, we uncover new targets of investigation in both sexes, which could potentially change our understanding of HPG function.
The Cac2 subunit is essential for productive histone binding and nucleosome assembly in CAF-1
Authors: Mattiroli Francesca , Gu Yajie , Balsbaugh Jeremy L. , Ahn Natalie G. , Luger Karolin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNucleosome assembly following DNA replication controls epigenome maintenance and genome integrity. Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) is the histone chaperone responsible for histone (H3-H4)2 deposition following DNA synthesis. Structural and functional details for this chaperone complex and its interaction with histones are slowly emerging. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry, combined with in vitro and in vivo mutagenesis studies, we identified the regions involved in the direct interaction between the yeast CAF-1 subunits, and mapped the CAF-1 domains responsible for H3-H4 binding. The large subunit, Cac1 organizes the assembly of CAF-1. Strikingly, H3-H4 binding is mediated by a composite interface, shaped by Cac1-bound Cac2 and the Cac1 acidic region. Cac2 is indispensable for productive histone binding, while deletion of Cac3 has only moderate effects on H3-H4 binding and nucleosome assembly. These results define direct structural roles for yeast CAF-1 subunits and uncover a previously unknown critical function of the middle subunit in CAF-1.
Massive Penetrating Craniofacial Trauma due to Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe
Authors: Srinivas Somashekhar , Agrawal Amit , Sandeep Yashawant , Shrikhande Ninad 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPenetrating craniofacial trauma can lead to massive injury to the facial tissue and craniofacial skeleton with retained bone as well as foreign body. We present a case of 45-year-old man who sustained massive penetrating craniofacial injuries due to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. CT scan with bone window of the brain and craniofacial region showed in driven fragment of PVC pipe into the nasal cavity with multiple fractures and soft tissue swelling. CT brain showed compound and comminuted depressed fracture of the right frontal bone with underlying contusion of the brain and specks of pneumocephalus. However, detailed examination of the CT scan showed that there was no breach in the anterior cranial fossa and that both the injuries were caused by separate pipe fragments. The wound was debrided; all loose bone fragments, necrotic brain matter, and broken pipe fragments were removed. The patient recovered well after surgical procedure. The approach is aimed to protect the airway, maintain vital parameters followed by remove all the foreign body and necrotic tissue, and restore the functioning and aesthetics. A careful evaluation of the CT scan is mandatory to rule out breach in the skull base, and if the skull base is intact, a limited craniotomy will save the time and associated morbidity.