bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La fabrication de la loi du 11 février 2005 et la question de la scolarisation des enfants handicapés
Authors: Poucet Bruno 
Published: December 2016

À l’occasion des 10 ans de la loi de 2005 sur le handicap, de nombreuses publications ont paru afin de montrer comment cette loi a été appliquée ou non et, de façon générale, quels en ont été les effets. Le propos de cet article n’est pas de dresser un nouveau bilan d’application de la loi, mais de revenir sur les circonstances qui ont présidé à son élaboration – ces circonstances sont d’ordre national (volonté politique, action des associations spécialisées ou non), mais également d’ordre européen, voire international. L’article revient également sur les étapes préparatoires, puis les débats qui ont conduit à son vote. Cette loi prise en charge pour une part par le Ministère de l’Éducation nationale s’inscrit à la fois dans la continuité de la loi fondatrice de 1975 et en même temps entend scolariser le plus possible les apprentissages des enfants concernés par des difficultés de toute nature : c’est à la société de s’adapter et donc, en l’espèce à l’école, et non l’inverse. Cet article prend appui sur des rapports parlementaires, des archives du Ministère de l’Éducation nationale ainsi que des rapports officiels.
Enseigner à des élèves avec autisme : entre pédagogie spécialisée et visée inclusive
Authors: Garnier Philippe 
Published: December 2016

Notre recherche a pour objectif de comprendre les conceptions de l’autisme d’enseignants spécialisés travaillant dans des unités localisées pour l’inclusion scolaire (ULIS). Elle vise également à cerner leur manière d’envisager la pédagogie adéquate avec ces élèves ainsi que leur conception du travail collaboratif avec d’autres professionnels dans le cadre de l’école inclusive. Pour ce faire, nous nous référons au cadre théorique de l’apprentissage transformateur de Jack Mezirow, et notamment aux concepts de schèmes de sens et perspectives de sens. À partir d’entretiens enregistrés avec cinq coordonnateurs d’ULIS, notre analyse a été menée selon les principes de la théorie ancrée (Glaser, Strauss, 1967 ; Strauss, Corbin, 1998). Notre recherche montre que les enseignants les plus expérimentés se sont construit une pédagogie métissée, entre un style pédagogique qu’ils avaient auparavant avec leurs élèves « ordinaires » et des approches spécifiques à l’autisme. Les coordonnateurs d’ULIS dépensent beaucoup d’énergie à faire en sorte que les professeurs des classes ordinaires accueillent les élèves avec autisme.
Comment des professeurs de mathématiques s’adaptent-ils aux besoins des élèves déficients visuels ?
Authors: Lewi-Dumont Nathalie , Arneton Mélissa , Puustinen Minna 
Published: December 2016

Les recherches indiquent que la déficience visuelle (malvoyance, cécité) peut engendrer un handicap dans les apprentissages en géométrie, dans la lecture de tableaux ou les notations mathématiques. Nous avons voulu savoir comment les enseignants de mathématiques du secondaire s’adaptent à ces situations d’enseignement. Un questionnaire a permis de collecter les pratiques de 41 enseignants concernant l’aide apportée aux élèves en inclusion dans le secondaire. Outre une analyse inductive générale du corpus, une analyse des commentaires appariés selon le niveau d’enseignement (collège versus lycée) et selon le degré de déficience visuelle (élève malvoyant écrivant « en noir » versus élève aveugle écrivant en braille) a été réalisée. Les résultats indiquent des différences dans l’aide apportée par l’enseignant selon son niveau d’ancienneté dans l’enseignement en général et son niveau d’expérience auprès des élèves déficients visuels, selon le niveau d’enseignement mais aussi selon le degré de déficience visuelle des élèves.
Langage et théorie de l’esprit : étude exploratoire auprès d’individus présentant une trisomie 21 ou un syndrome de Williams
Authors: Touchet Claire , Pochon Régis , Vandromme Luc , Ibernon Laure 
Published: December 2016

Le langage et la théorie de l’esprit sont fortement impliqués lors des apprentissages. Ces capacités, cruciales dans le milieu scolaire, pourraient servir de levier pour appréhender les modalités d’apprentissage d’élèves à besoins éducatifs spécifiques, comme les élèves porteurs de trisomie 21 (T21) ou du syndrome de Williams (SW). L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer le niveau de compétences en théorie de l’esprit et en langage des élèves T21 et des élèves SW. Nous présentons les résultats d’un groupe de 6 SW (6 ; 3 ans-18 ; 9 ans), comparés à ceux d’un groupe de 6 T21 (10 ; 7-17 ; 3 ans). Tant chez les T21 que chez les SW, les capacités linguistiques et sociales semblent au niveau de ce que l’on peut attendre compte tenu de leur déficit cognitif. Ce constat est étonnant chez les SW, car il est en contraste avec leur comportement hypersocial. Cela confirme que les performances de ces derniers, sans évaluation préalable spécifique, pourraient être surestimées. Cet article souligne l’intérêt pour les professionnels de l’éducation de connaître en amont les capacités cognitives des élèves à besoins éducatifs spécifiques afin de pouvoir leur proposer des modalités d’apprentissage adaptées.
Cutting Edge: IL-10 Is Essential for the Generation of Germinal Center B Cell Responses and Anti-Plasmodium Humoral Immunity
Authors: Guthmiller Jenna J. , Graham Amy C. , Zander Ryan A. , Pope Rosemary L. , Butler Noah S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed during malaria, a disease characterized by short-lived, parasite-specific Ab responses. The role of IL-10 in regulating B cell responses during malaria is not known. In this study we report that IL-10 is essential for anti-Plasmodium humoral immunity. We identify that germinal center (GC) B cell reactions, isotype-switched Ab responses, parasite control, and host survival require B cell-intrinsic IL-10 signaling. IL-10 also indirectly supports humoral immunity by suppressing excessive IFN-γ, which induces T-bet expression in B cells. Genetic ablation of either IFN-γ signaling or T-bet expression in B cells substantially enhanced GC B cell responses and anti-Plasmodium Ab production. Together, our data show that B cell-intrinsic IL-10 enhances whereas B cell-intrinsic IFN-γ and T-bet suppress GC B cell responses and anti-Plasmodium humoral immunity. These data identify critical immunoregulatory circuits in B cells that may be targeted to promote long-lived humoral immunity and resistance to malaria.
Urdir hilos para hacer letras
Authors: Pérez Mena María 
Published: December 2016

<p>A través de la metáfora derivada del origen de la palabra texto como “tejido”, definimos el alfabeto como un entramado o confluencia de diversos saberes, por lo que podría ser definido desde diferentes dimensiones. Desde el enfoque del diseñador/a, este artículo tiene por objeto analizar tales dimensiones de la letra como el conjunto de condicionantes externos al proyecto cuyo conocimiento es responsabilidad del diseñador/a antes de adentrarse en la problemática del mismo, ya que de su dominio dependerá la adecuación de sus decisiones.</p>
Study on temperature effect on properties of ZnO/MgZnO based quantum cascade detector in mid-infrared region
Authors: He Jingfang , Wang Ping , Chen Hongyan , Guo Xinlu , Guo Lixin , Yang Yintang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The effect of temperature on a ZnO/Mg0.3Zn0.7O quantum cascade detector (QCD) in the mid-infrared region is investigated with consideration of bound-to-bound electronic-transport processes in the dark and under illumination. The temperature-dependent band structures of the QCD system, which comprises four quantum wells and five barriers in one period, are numerically calculated. The electronic transition is obtained with a standard electron-optical phonon Hamiltonian, and the photon absorption is described by the two-dimensional absorption coefficient. The responsivity of the ZnO/Mg0.3Zn0.7O QCD shows a good temperature stability without an obvious redshift, and the peak responsivity decreases by only 14% when the temperature increases from 50 to 300 K.
Evidence of interseismic coupling variations along the Bhutan Himalayan arc from new GPS data
Authors: Marechal Anais , Mazzotti Stephane , Cattin Rodolphe , Cazes Gael , Vernant Philippe , Drukpa Dowchu , Thinley Kinzang , Tarayoun Alizia , Le Roux‐Mallouf Romain , Thapa Bal Bahadur , Pelgay Phuntsho , Gyeltshen Jampel , Doerflinger Erik , Gautier Stéphanie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough the first‐order pattern of present‐day deformation is relatively well resolved across the Himalayas, irregular data coverage limits detailed analyses of spatial variations of interseismic coupling. We provide the first GPS velocity field for the Bhutan Himalaya. Combined with published data, these observations show strong east‐west variations in coupling between central and eastern Bhutan. In contrast with previous estimations of first‐order uniform interseismic coupling along the Himalayan arc, we identify significant lateral variations: In western and central Bhutan, the fully coupled segment is 135–155 km wide with an abrupt downdip transition, whereas in eastern Bhutan the fully coupled segment is 100–120 km wide and is limited updip and downdip by partially creeping segments. This is the first observation of decoupling on the upper ramp along the Himalayan arc, with important implications for large earthquake surface rupture and seismic hazard.
Aircraft measurements of black carbon vertical profiles show upper tropospheric variability and stability
Authors: Schwarz Joshua P. , Weinzierl Bernadett , Samset Bjørn H. , Dollner Maximilian , Heimerl Katharina , Markovic Milos Z. , Perring Anne E. , Ziemba Luke 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present new data sets of black carbon (BC) aerosol mass mixing ratio (MMR) obtained from aircraft missions over North America, Europe, the Arctic, and the outflow region of Saharan Africa before and after trans‐Atlantic transport. The data, collected from 2011 to 2013 with single‐particle soot photometers, provide new insight into the variability and distribution of BC over global scales and refine understanding of AeroCom global model ensemble performance. The results indicate extensive global‐scale longitudinal mixing of BC above altitude pressures as low as 400 hPa. They also constrain the absolute and temporal variability of upper tropospheric BC MMR and point to opportunities for new tests of global aerosol models in the upper troposphere. A comparison to the AeroCom Phase II results generally reinforces previous estimates of the ensemble performance, except that it also strengthens confidence that the ensemble actually is biased high in the Arctic in all seasons.
Seasonal solar wind speeds for the last 100 years: Unique coronal hole structures during the peak and demise of the Grand Modern Maximum
Authors: Mursula K. , Holappa L. , Lukianova R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSolar coronal holes are sources of high‐speed solar wind streams, which cause persistent geomagnetic activity especially at high latitudes. Here we estimate seasonal solar wind speeds at 1 AU for the last 100 years using high‐latitude geomagnetic measurements and show that they give information on the long‐term evolution of important structures of the solar large‐scale magnetic field, such as persistent coronal holes. We find that the centennial evolution of solar wind speed at 1 AU is different for equinoxes and solstices, reflecting differences in the evolution of polar coronal hole extensions and isolated low‐latitude coronal holes. Equinoctial solar wind speeds had their centennial maximum in 1952, during the declining phase of solar cycle 18, verifying that polar coronal holes had exceptionally persistent extensions just before the peak of the Grand Modern Maximum of solar activity. On the other hand, solstice speeds had their centennial maximum during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 due to large low‐latitude coronal holes. A similar configuration of seasonal speeds as in cycle 23 was not found earlier, not even during the less active cycles of early 20th century. Therefore, the exceptional occurrence of persistent, isolated low‐latitude coronal holes in cycle 23 is not related to the absolute level of sunspot activity but, most likely, to the demise of the Grand Modern Maximum.
Monsoon circulations and tropical heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the stratosphere
Authors: Solomon Susan , Kinnison Doug , Garcia Rolando R. , Bandoro Justin , Mills Michael , Wilka Catherine , Neely Ryan R. , Schmidt Anja , Barnes John E. , Vernier Jean‐Paul , Höpfner Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractModel simulations presented in this paper suggest that transport processes associated with the summer monsoons bring increased abundances of hydrochloric acid into contact with liquid sulfate aerosols in the cold tropical lowermost stratosphere, leading to heterogeneous chemical activation of chlorine species. The calculations indicate that the spatial and seasonal distributions of chlorine monoxide and chlorine nitrate near the monsoon regions of the northern hemisphere tropical and subtropical lowermost stratosphere could provide indicators of heterogeneous chlorine processing. In the model, these processes impact the local ozone budget and decrease ozone abundances, implying a chemical contribution to longer‐term northern tropical ozone profile changes at 16–19 km.
Intermittent energy dissipation by turbulent reconnection
Authors: Fu H. S. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , André M. , Cao J. B. , Olshevsky V. , Eastwood J. P. , Retinò A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMagnetic reconnection—the process responsible for many explosive phenomena in both nature and laboratory—is efficient at dissipating magnetic energy into particle energy. To date, exactly how this dissipation happens remains unclear, owing to the scarcity of multipoint measurements of the “diffusion region” at the sub‐ion scale. Here we report such a measurement by Cluster—four spacecraft with separation of 1/5 ion scale. We discover numerous current filaments and magnetic nulls inside the diffusion region of magnetic reconnection, with the strongest currents appearing at spiral nulls (O‐lines) and the separatrices. Inside each current filament, kinetic‐scale turbulence is significantly increased and the energy dissipation, E′ ⋅ j, is 100 times larger than the typical value. At the jet reversal point, where radial nulls (X‐lines) are detected, the current, turbulence, and energy dissipations are surprisingly small. All these features clearly demonstrate that energy dissipation in magnetic reconnection occurs at O‐lines but not X‐lines.
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on soil methane uptake in disturbed forests
Authors: Zheng Mianhai , Zhang Tao , Liu Lei , Zhang Wei , Lu Xiankai , Mo Jiangming 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is generally thought to suppress soil methane (CH4) uptake in natural forests, and phosphorus (P) input may alleviate this negative effect. However, it remains unclear how N and P inputs control soil CH4 uptake in disturbed forests. In this study, soil CH4 uptake rates were measured in two disturbed forests, including a secondary forest (with previous, but not recent, disturbance) and a plantation forest (with recent continuous disturbance), in southern China for 34 months of N and/or P additions: control, N addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1), P addition (150 kg P ha−1 yr−1), and NP addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1 plus 150 kg P ha−1 yr−1). Mean CH4 uptake rate in control plots was significantly higher in the secondary forest (24.40 ± 0.81 µg CH4‐C m−2 h−1) than in the plantation forest (17.07 ± 0.70 µg CH4‐C m−2 h−1). CH4 uptake rate had negative relationships with soil water‐filled pore space in both forests. In the secondary forest, N, P, and NP additions significantly decreased CH4 uptake by 39.7%, 27.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, but had no significant effects in the plantation forest, indicating that P input does not alleviate the suppression of CH4 uptake by N deposition. Taken together, our findings suggest that reducing anthropogenic disturbance, including harvesting of forest floor, and anthropogenic N and P inputs will increase soil CH4 uptake in disturbed forests, which is important in view of the increased trends in global warming during recent decades.
Construction of 3,4‐Dihydrocoumarin Derivatives with Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of 2‐Oxochroman‐3‐carboxylate Esters to trans‐β‐Nitroolefins
Authors: Jin Hui , Cho Soo Min , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Ryu Do Hyun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn asymmetric Michael addition of 2‐oxochroman‐3‐carboxylate esters to trans‐β‐nitroolefins is described. This strategy can give direct access to dihydrocoumarin derivatives bearing adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters with up to >99% yield, >20:1 dr, and >99% ee. The adduct was further transformed to a spiro‐dihydrocoumarin compound in three steps with good yield.magnified image
Direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt for refractory hepatic hydrothorax: a case report
Authors: Kawahara Yo , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Isoi Naoaki , Hatanaka Kohsuke , Yamada Kentaro , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Okamura Teppei , Kaji Tatsumi , Sakamoto Toshihisa , Saitoh Daizoh , Ikeuchi Hisashi 
Published: December 2016

CaseA 64‐year‐old man with complaints of dyspnea and orthopnea secondary to a hepatic hydrothorax refractory to diuretic medication underwent the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure to decrease the portal vein pressure. The TIPS procedure failed due to severe liver stiffness. Direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt (DIPS), a modified TIPS procedure that directly inserts a stent from the inferior vena cava to the portal vein, was successfully carried out.OutcomeThe DIPS procedure significantly decreased the patient's pleural effusion and respiratory symptoms.ConclusionNo other medical treatment is available to control refractory pleural effusion caused by portal hypertension; however, the TIPS (or DIPS) procedure can be successfully carried out in patients <60 years old with a Model of End‐Stage Liver Disease score <15.
Anisotropic Change in the Magnetic Susceptibility of a Dynamic Single Crystal of a Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Yao Zi‐Shuo , Wu Shu‐Qi , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Su Sheng‐Qun , Huang You‐Gui , Li Guo‐Ling , Ni Zhong‐Hai , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Kang Soonchul , Kanegawa Shinji , Sato Osamu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAtypically anisotropic and large changes in magnetic susceptibility, along with a change in crystalline shape, were observed in a CoII complex at near room temperature. This was achieved by combining oxalate molecules, acting as rotor, and a CoII ion with unquenched orbital angular momentum. A thermally controlled 90° rotation of the oxalate counter anion triggered a symmetry‐breaking ferroelastic phase transition, accompanied by contraction–expansion behavior (ca. 4.5 %) along the long axis of a rod‐like single crystal. The molecular rotation induced a minute variation in the coordination geometry around the CoII ion, resulting in an abrupt decrease and a remarkable increase in magnetic susceptibility along the direction perpendicular and parallel to the long axis of the crystal, respectively. Theoretical calculations suggested that such an unusual anisotropic change in magnetic susceptibility was due to a substantial reorientation of magnetic anisotropy induced by slight disruption in the ideal D3 coordination environment of the complex cation.
Nanoscale Control of Homoepitaxial Growth on a Two‐Dimensional Zeolite
Authors: Shete Meera , Kumar Manjesh , Kim Donghun , Rangnekar Neel , Xu Dandan , Topuz Berna , Agrawal Kumar Varoon , Karapetrova Evguenia , Stottrup Benjamin , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel , Basahel Sulaiman , Narasimharao Katabathini , Rimer Jeffrey D. , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNanoscale crystal growth control is crucial for tailoring two‐dimensional (2D) zeolites (crystallites with thickness less than two unit cells) and thicker zeolite nanosheets for applications in separation membranes and as hierarchical catalysts. However, methods to control zeolite crystal growth with nanometer precision are still in their infancy. Herein, we report solution‐based growth conditions leading to anisotropic epitaxial growth of 2D zeolites with rates as low as few nanometers per day. Contributions from misoriented surface nucleation and rotational intergrowths are eliminated. Growth monitoring at the single‐unit‐cell level reveals novel nanoscale crystal‐growth phenomena associated with the lateral size and surface curvature of 2D zeolites.
Multiparameter Particle Display (MPPD): A Quantitative Screening Method for the Discovery of Highly Specific Aptamers
Authors: Wang Jinpeng , Yu Jingwen , Yang Qin , McDermott John , Scott Alexander , Vukovich Matthew , Lagrois Remy , Gong Qiang , Greenleaf William , Eisenstein Michael , Ferguson B. Scott , Soh H. Tom 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAptamers are a promising class of affinity reagents because they are chemically synthesized, thus making them highly reproducible and distributable as sequence information rather than a physical entity. Although many high‐quality aptamers have been previously reported, it is difficult to routinely generate aptamers that possess both high affinity and specificity. One of the reasons is that conventional aptamer selection can only be performed either for affinity (positive selection) or for specificity (negative selection), but not both simultaneously. In this work, we harness the capacity of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) for multicolor sorting to simultaneously screen for affinity and specificity at a throughput of 107 aptamers per hour. As a proof of principle, we generated DNA aptamers that exhibit picomolar to low nanomolar affinity in human serum for three diverse proteins, and show that these aptamers are capable of outperforming high‐quality monoclonal antibodies in a standard ELISA detection assay.
Hybrid Polymer/Garnet Electrolyte with a Small Interfacial Resistance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yutao , Xu Biyi , Xu Henghui , Duan Huanan , Lü Xujie , Xin Sen , Zhou Weidong , Xue Leigang , Fu Gengtao , Manthiram Arumugam , Goodenough John B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLi7La3Zr2O12‐based Li‐rich garnets react with water and carbon dioxide in air to form a Li‐ion insulating Li2CO3 layer on the surface of the garnet particles, which results in a large interfacial resistance for Li‐ion transfer. Here, we introduce LiF to garnet Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZT) to increase the stability of the garnet electrolyte against moist air; the garnet LLZT‐2 wt % LiF (LLZT‐2LiF) has less Li2CO3 on the surface and shows a small interfacial resistance with Li metal, a solid polymer electrolyte, and organic‐liquid electrolytes. An all‐solid‐state Li/polymer/LLZT‐2LiF/LiFePO4 battery has a high Coulombic efficiency and long cycle life; a Li‐S cell with the LLZT‐2LiF electrolyte as a separator, which blocks the polysulfide transport towards the Li‐metal, also has high Coulombic efficiency and kept 93 % of its capacity after 100 cycles.