bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Spatial, Temporal, and Climatic Forces on Stream Sediment Loading from Rural and Urban Ecosystems
Authors: Squires Audrey L. , Boll Jan , Brooks Erin S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, we characterize the greatest sediment loading events by their sediment delivery behavior; dominant climate, watershed, and antecedent conditions; and their seasonal distribution for rural and urban land uses. The study area is Paradise Creek Watershed, a mixed land use watershed in northern Idaho dominated by saturation excess processes in the upstream rural area and infiltration excess in the downstream urban area. We analyzed 12 years of continuous streamflow, precipitation, and watershed data at two monitoring stations. We identified 137 sediment loading events in the upstream rural section of the watershed and 191 events in the downstream urban section. During the majority of these events conditions were transport limited and the sediment flush occurred early in the event, generally in the first 20% of elapsed event time. Statistical analysis including two dozen explanatory variables showed peak discharge, event duration, and antecedent baseflow explained most of the variation in event sediment load at both stations and for the watershed as a whole (R2 = 0.73‐0.78). In the rural area, saturated soils combined with spring snowmelt in March led to the greatest loading events. The urban area load contribution peaked in January, which could be a re‐suspension of streambed sediments from the previous water year. Throughout the study period, one event contributed, on average, 33% of the annual sediment load but only accounted for 2% of the time in a year.
Does persisting fear sustain catatonia?
Authors: Fink M. , Shorter E. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the psychological substrate of catatonia.MethodReviewing the historical descriptions and explanations of catatonic behaviours by clinicians from its delineation in the 19th century to the present.ResultsPatients with catatonia are often haunted by fears and terrors; this has not been widely appreciated, and certainly was lost from view in the days when catatonia was considered a subtype of schizophrenia. The report contributes to resolving a major question in catatonia: is the mind in stupor inactive, as the blank state that we picture in anesthetized patients, or is the mind active, so preoccupied as to exclude all other influences.The main findingPersistent fear occupies the mind of catatonic patients.ConclusionThe signs of catatonia are adaptations to persistent fear, akin to tonic immobilization. The relief afforded by sedation supports this interpretation.
Working memory and salivary brain‐derived neurotrophic factor as developmental predictors of cocaine seeking in male and female rats
Authors: Jordan Chloe J. , Andersen Susan L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPoor working memory is linked to future risk‐taking behaviors. Lifelong risk of habitual drug use is highest in individuals who initiate use in early adolescence. We sought to determine in rats whether juvenile traits, specifically poor working memory and low salivary brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are related to elevated cocaine taking and relapse in adolescence and adulthood. On postnatal day (P) 20, working memory was assessed using the novel object recognition task in male and female rats. Saliva was assayed at P20 for BDNF before cocaine self‐administration on P28 [0.75 or 0.25 mg/kg/infusion for 30 days under a fixed‐ratio (FR) 1 to FR5 schedule] and on P94 before relapse after 30‐day abstinence in adulthood. A separate cohort of P28 male rats was assayed for object discrimination and BDNF in saliva and the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral striatum. Novel object discrimination correlated positively with salivary BDNF on P20 and dorsolateral striatum levels, but negatively with medial prefrontal cortex BDNF in male rats. In female rats, P20 salivary BDNF negatively correlated with object discrimination. Salivary BDNF positively correlated across age in male rats. Male rats earned more cocaine (0.75 mg/kg) at FR5 and responded more at relapse than did female rats. These elevated relapse rates in male rats were significantly associated with P20 object discrimination and salivary BDNF. Relapse after 0.75 and 0.25 mg/kg in female rats correlated only with object discrimination. In conclusion, poor working memory and low salivary BDNF in juvenile male rats may represent biomarkers for later cocaine use. Further research is needed to identify biomarkers for risk in male rats.
Increased habenular connectivity in opioid users is associated with an α5 subunit nicotinic receptor genetic variant
Authors: Curtis Kaylah , Viswanath Humsini , Velasquez Kenia M. , Molfese David L. , Harding Mark J. , Aramayo Eduardo , Baldwin Philip R. , Ambrosi Elisa , Madan Alok , Patriquin Michelle , Frueh B. Christopher , Fowler J.Christopher , Kosten Thomas R. , Nielsen David A. , Salas Ramiro 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic disorder with relapse based on both desire for reinforcement (craving) and avoidance of withdrawal. The aversive aspect of dependence and relapse has been associated with a small brain structure called the habenula, which expresses large numbers of both opioid and nicotinic receptors. Additionally, opioid withdrawal symptoms can be induced in opioid‐treated rodents by blocking not only opioid, but also nicotinic receptors. This receptor co‐localization and cross‐induction of withdrawal therefore might lead to genetic variation in the nicotinic receptor influencing development of human opioid dependence through its impact on the aversive components of opioid dependence.MethodsWe studied habenular resting state functional connectivity with related brain structures, specifically the striatum. We compared abstinent psychiatric patients who use opioids (N = 51) to psychiatric patients who do not (N = 254) to identify an endophenotype of opioid use that focused on withdrawal avoidance and aversion rather than the more commonly examined craving aspects of relapse.ResultsWe found that habenula–striatal connectivity was stronger in opioid‐using patients. Increased habenula–striatum connectivity was observed in opioid‐using patients with the low risk rs16969968 GG genotype, but not in patients carrying the high risk AG or AA genotypes.ConclusionsWe propose that increased habenula–striatum functional connectivity may be modulated by the nicotinic receptor variant rs16969968 and may lead to increased opioid use.Scientific SignificanceOur data uncovered a promising brain target for development of novel anti‐addiction therapies and may help the development of personalized therapies against opioid abuse. (Am J Addict 2017;26:751–759)
Very preterm birth before arrival at hospital
Authors: Boland Rosemarie Anne , Davis Peter Graham , Dawson Jennifer Anne , Stewart Michael J. , Smith Jacqui , Doyle Lex William 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOur aim was to report perinatal characteristics of very preterm births before arrival (BBAs) at a hospital, and perinatal and infant mortality rates up to one year, comparing BBAs with births in a hospital.Materials and MethodsA population‐based cohort study of 22–31 weeks’ gestation births in the state of Victoria, Australia from 1990–2009. BBAs were defined as unintentional births at home or on route to hospital. Perinatal data were obtained from the Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria. Perinatal and infant mortality data comparing BBAs with births in hospitals were analysed by logistic regression, adjusted for gestational age, birthweight and sex.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐three BBAs were recorded: 51 (38%) stillbirths and 82 (62%) livebirths. Compared with births in a hospital, BBAs were less mature (26.3 weeks (SD 2.9) vs 27.7 weeks (SD 2.8), P < 0.001) and a higher proportion were born to teenagers: 13% versus 5% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.86, P < 0.001). BBAs were significantly more likely to be stillborn (aOR 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41, 3.23, P < 0.001) die within 28 days of livebirth (aOR 2.97, 95% CI 1.54, 5.73, P = 0.001) or die within a year of livebirth (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.51, 5.46, P = 0.001) compared with hospital births. Overall, 54 BBAs survived to one year (41% all BBAs, 67% liveborn BBAs), compared with 69% of hospital births (87% of livebirths).ConclusionsVery preterm birth before arrival is more common in teenagers and is associated with significantly increased risks of perinatal and infant mortality compared with birth in a hospital.
Simultaneous induction of HSP70 expression, and degranulation, in IgE/Ag‐stimulated or extracellular HSP70‐stimulated mast cells
Authors: Li X. , Kanegasaki S. , Jin F. , Deng Y. , Kim J.‐R. , Chang H. W. , Tsuchiya T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn mast cells, induction of HSP70 expression during antigen stimulation has not been reported.MethodsMouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMC) were stimulated with IgE/Ag or HSP70. Induction of HSP70 expression and signaling protein phosphorylation were evaluated by immunoblotting.ResultsHSP70 expression is induced in BMMC at an early stage of IgE/Ag‐dependent stimulation, some of which is released from the cells in a granule‐associated form. Induction of HSP70 expression was also observed with an IgE/Ag‐stimulated human basophilic cell line, indicating that the phenomenon is not restricted to mouse BMMC. The induction of HSP70 expression, and its release, followed a similar time course to that of degranulation. Released HSP70 seems to be responsible for degranulation and production of eicosanoids, at least in part, because a neutralizing anti‐HSP70 antibody mitigated these activities and because exogenous HSP70 not only induced immediate degranulation followed by autocrine HSP70 expression but also enhanced degranulation in IgE/Ag‐stimulated BMMC. Extracellular HSP70 was found to induce phosphorylation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) and a series of downstream signaling molecules in BMMC. We further found that Fyn, Lyn, and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), which are known to concern LAT phosphorylation in IgE/Ag‐stimulated BMMC, were not phosphorylated in HSP70‐stimulated BMMC, whereas lymphocyte‐specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) was phosphorylated.ConclusionFcεRI stimulation in BMMC and basophils induces HSP70 expression and its release. Extracellular HSP70 induces degranulation and mediator release via phosphorylation of LAT.
Pregbalin induced recurrent syncopal attacks with prolong QT interval
Authors: Adar Adem , Cakan Fahri , Önalan Orhan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLong QT syndrome may lead to fatal dysrhythmia. Prolongation of QT interval due to pregabalin has been shown in rats and no data is available in humans. We report a 80‐year‐old female patient using pregabalin. She was presented to emergency room with syncope attacks. Her admission electrocardiography demonstrated prolonged QT interval. After excluding the possible causes of the long QT syndrome, we attributed prolonged QT interval to pregabalin therapy. After discontinuation of pregabalin QT interval returned to normal range and patient experienced no further syncope attacks. It is first time for documentation of prolonged QT due to pregabalin in humans.
Producing Victimhood: Landmines, Reparations, and Law in Colombia
Authors: Counter Max 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis research theorizes Colombia's 2011 Victims’ and Land Restitution Law (the Victims’ Law) as a biopolitical program that intends to foster the lives of conflict‐affected populations through providing an array of reparation measures. Based on fieldwork with internally displaced landmine victims in Colombia's Magdalena Medio region, I highlight how the Victims’ Law constitutes the identity of which populations count as “victims” worthy of reparations, how such parameters are contested, and how landmine survivors’ sense of themselves as “victims” is mediated via their experiences with the Victims’ Law and the reparation programs it provides. In particular, I highlight the possibilities and limitations of reparation measures that hinge on small‐scale business incubation programs for landmine victims to show how a legally recognized victimhood category presupposes “self‐responsible” neoliberal subjects who must confront contexts of conflict and state neglect.
Spectacle use after routine cataract surgery: a study from the Swedish National Cataract Register
Authors: Farhoudi Daniel B. , Behndig Anders , Montan Per , Lundström Mats , Zetterström Charlotta , Kugelberg Maria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo explore patients' obtaining and use of spectacles after routine cataract surgery.MethodsThe study included 1329 patients who underwent bilateral surgery with the second eye operated during March 2013 at 38 different clinics in Sweden. Five months after the second‐eye surgery, patients completed a five‐item questionnaire about their spectacle use preoperatively and postoperatively. The responses were linked to data from the registry on multiple variables including postoperative refraction, age and gender.ResultsOf the 387 patients who were advised by their surgeons to obtain distance spectacles postoperatively, most did so (77.3%, n = 299), while of the 691 patients who were not so advised, most did not obtain spectacles (78.9%, n = 545). Nevertheless, almost 50% of patients with both spherical and cylindrical errors exceeding 1 dioptre (D) did not obtain new distance spectacles postoperatively, while about 25% of patients with bilateral emmetropia (spherical error <0.5 D, cylinder <1 D) obtained new distance spectacles postoperatively.ConclusionPatients' choices regarding obtaining and using new spectacles postoperatively are strongly correlated with advice given by the surgeon about the need for distance correction. The large difference between groups who were and were not advised to obtain spectacles for distance correction was only partially reflected in the postoperative refractive errors. Similarly, the patterns of preoperative spectacle use and gender or age differences did not explain this difference.
Self‐Regulatory Efficacy Encourages Exercise Persistence Despite Arthritis Flare Symptoms
Authors: Sessford James D. , Brawley Lawrence R. , Cary Miranda A. , Flora Parminder K. , Blouin Jocelyn E. , Meade Laura , Strachan Shaelyn M. , Gyurcsik Nancy C. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe study of exercise adherence during an arthritis flare is recommended by arthritis researchers. Studies to date have been correlational.MethodsSocial cognitions of exercising individuals with arthritis who consider exercise adherence under different levels of challenge of an arthritis flare were examined using an experimental design. Exercising individuals with differential self‐regulatory efficacy for managing arthritis flare symptoms (SRE‐flare) were randomly assigned to conditions where flare symptoms were perceived as either many or few. Individuals in each condition responded about the strength of their anticipated persistence to continue exercise, and their self‐regulatory efficacy to use coping strategies to enable exercise.ResultsHigher SRE‐flare individuals expressed significantly (a) greater persistence (Cohen's d = 1.17) and (b) more confidence to use their flare coping solutions (Cohen's d = 1.44).ConclusionMain findings were as hypothesised. When exposed to the condition with more limiting flare symptoms (i.e. greater challenge), high SRE participants were the most confident in dealing with flare symptoms and exercising. Identifying lower SRE‐flare individuals less likely to persist with exercise during arthritis flares may improve tailored exercise counselling.
Assessment of florfenicol as a possible treatment for chlamydiosis in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Authors: Budd C , Flanagan C , Gillett A , Hanger J , Loader JJ , Govendir M 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveBecause of limited availability of chloramphenicol to veterinary suppliers, a preliminary study was performed to predict whether an analogue, florfenicol, is an efficacious treatment for chlamydiosis in koalas.MethodsFlorfenicol was administered to koalas with naturally occurring chlamydiosis at 20 mg/kg SC (n = 3) and at 5 mg/kg (n = 3) and 10 mg/kg (n = 3) IV. The estimated areas under the plasma concentration versus time curves (AUC) were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration to inhibit Chlamydia pecorum. Clinical data were also examined from field trials conducted on koalas (n = 19) with naturally occurring chlamydiosis and treated with florfenicol at a range of dosages (5–20 mg/kg SC and 6–15 mg/kg IV). Florfenicol binding to proteins in plasma was also determined.ResultsFlorfenicol was not detectable in plasma 24 h post‐administration at 20 mg/kg SC. The estimated AUC0–24 h following administration at 10 mg/kg IV suggests florfenicol might be effective against Chlamydia spp. via this route. Florfenicol binding to plasma proteins was 13.0% (± 0.30 SEM).After treatment with florfenicol in field trials, 5 of 19 koalas (26%) were released without further treatment, 4 with no long‐term follow‐up; 6 (32%) required additional treatment with chloramphenicol to resolve chlamydiosis; 7 (36%) failed to clinically improve, of which 3 had clinical signs and/or necropsy findings suggestive of antibiotic‐related gastrointestinal dysbiosis; another koala died within minutes of florfenicol administered IV at 7 mg/kg.ConclusionWhen administered at dosages tolerable in the field, florfenicol is a problematic treatment for chlamydiosis based on equivocal outcomes and plasma concentrations below those that inhibit the pathogen.
Effect of insemination site and diameter of the pre‐ovulatory follicle on the odds of pregnancy in heifers using sexed or non‐sexed semen
Authors: Ingenhoff L , Hall E , Ranjbar NI S , House JK 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo determine if insemination site or pre‐ovulatory follicle diameter at fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI) affects the odds of pregnancy when heifers are inseminated with sexed semen.MethodsThe study was conducted in 422 Holstein heifers enrolled into 531 inseminations. Inseminations were randomly allocated to 1 of 16 treatment combinations involving three variables: semen type (sexed vs non‐sexed), insemination site (uterine horn vs uterine body) and one of four sires. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasound prior to FTAI to determine the follicle diameter and location. AI technician, times bred, age, weight and temperature–humidity index were also recorded. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted 29 days post‐insemination. Follicle diameter and body weight were categorised according to arbitrary cut‐points. Each variable was analysed by logistic regression to determine the effect on pregnancy per AI and compare between sexed and non‐sexed inseminations.ResultsInsemination site did not affect pregnancy per AI for either sexed (P = 0.528) or non‐sexed (P = 0.886) inseminations. Heifers with an 18–22 mm follicle had better odds of pregnancy than heifers that did not (odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.004–2.09), although no effect was detected for only sexed or only non‐sexed inseminations. Heifers weighing 310–370 kg had a higher pregnancy per AI than heifers weighing > 370 kg for non‐sexed inseminations (P = 0.004) and sexed semen from sire 4 caused lower odds of pregnancy than semen from sire 1 (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18–0.89).ConclusionInsemination site did not affect pregnancy per AI, but heifers with an 18–22 mm pre‐ovulatory follicle at insemination had better odds of pregnancy for both sexed and non‐sexed inseminations.
Use of cabergoline for oestrus induction in multiparous anoestrous Beagle bitches
Authors: Shimatsu Y 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of daily cabergoline administration on oestrus induction in bitches.Methods and ResultsOf 20 multiparous Beagle bitches, 15 were not mated with sires in their last oestrus and 5 bitches that had been mated whelped. All bitches were in early or mid‐anoestrus and received 5 μg/kg/day cabergoline PO. Oestrus was induced in the mid‐anoestrus bitches at a higher rate than in the early anoestrus bitches. Comparing the different histories of previous pregnancy among the mid‐anoestrus bitches, the rate of oestrus induction in the non‐pregnant bitches was higher than in the bitches that whelped.ConclusionCabergoline is effective for oestrus induction in mid‐anoestrus bitches.
FLCRM: Functional Linear Cox Regression Model
Authors: Kong Dehan , Ibrahim Joseph G. , Lee Eunjee , Zhu Hongtu 
Published: September 2017

Summary
We consider a functional linear Cox regression model for characterizing the association between time-to-event data and a set of functional and scalar predictors. The functional linear Cox regression model incorporates a functional principal component analysis for modeling the functional predictors and a high-dimensional Cox regression model to characterize the joint effects of both functional and scalar predictors on the time-to-event data. We develop an algorithm to calculate the maximum approximate partial likelihood estimates of unknown finite and infinite dimensional parameters. We also systematically investigate the rate of convergence of the maximum approximate partial likelihood estimates and a score test statistic for testing the nullity of the slope function associated with the functional predictors. We demonstrate our estimation and testing procedures by using simulations and the analysis of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data. Our real data analyses show that high-dimensional hippocampus surface data may be an important marker for predicting time to conversion to Alzheimer's disease. Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the ADNI database (adni.loni.usc.edu).
Hospital admission for hyperemesis gravidarum in women at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Kleine Ira , Da Silva Ana , Ahmed Wafaa , Forya Frida , Whitten Sara M. , David Anna L. , James Catherine P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundProgesterone administration prevents spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in women at increased risk. Progesterone concentration is lower in women with subsequent sPTB. Conversely, high concentrations of progesterone are implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). We hypothesized that women at increased risk of sPTB or spontaneous late miscarriage would be less likely to have a diagnosis of HG. To explore this hypothesis, we compared the incidence of HG in women at increased risk of sPTB and women with no identifiable risk factors.MethodsWomen at increased risk of sPTB were identified from a specialist Preterm Birth Clinic (PTBC) database where criteria for PTBC attendance are previous cervical surgery, previous sPTB <34 weeks, previous spontaneous late miscarriage, incidental sonographic cervical shortening, and uterine anomaly. Hospital antenatal booking and coding records for the same time period were examined to identify HG admissions. Women with multiple gestations, trophoblastic disease, or pre‐existing abnormal thyroid function were excluded. The incidence of HG among PTBC (n=394) and non‐PTBC attendees (n=4762) was calculated.ResultsThe incidence of HG was lower in women at increased risk of sPTB (1.52%, n=6) compared with women with no identifiable risk factor for sPTB (3.33%, n=159; P=.049).ConclusionHospital admission for HG is reduced in women with risk factors for sPTB compared with those without risk factors. Exploration of the pathogenesis of HG may improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying sPTB.