bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiRNAs profiles among three poplar varieties provide insights into different molecular responses in resistance to newly emerging bacterial pathogen
Authors: Yu Ruen , Yang Xiaoqian , Xiao Dandan , Bao Hai , Wang Yanwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCanker caused by Lonsdalea populi has seriously reduced the economic and ecological benefits of poplar. MicroRNAs play vital roles in the response of plants to biotic stress. However, there is little research about the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs among different tree varieties upon pathogen infection. To dissect miRNAs involved in L. populi resistance, three poplar varieties, 2025 (susceptible), 107 (moderately resistant) and Populus. tomentosa cv ‘henan’ (resistant) were selected to elucidate the expression profiles of miRNAs using small RNA‐seq. A total of 227 miRNAs were identified from all varieties. Intriguingly, miR160, miR169, miR171 and miR482b‐5p were only identified in the resistant variety P. tomentosa upon pathogen infection, and these miRNAs might be important candidates for future investigation to improve the tolerance of poplar to L. populi. Among all identified miRNAs, 174 were differentially expressed in all varieties. Functional annotation analysis indicated that an array of miRNAs, including miR482, miR472, miR169, miR481, and miR172, should be involved in disease resistance and phytohormone signal transduction. Furthermore, correlation analysis of small RNA‐seq and RNA‐seq identified a handful of L. populi‐responsive miRNAs and target genes, which exhibited that miR159 and miR172 played key roles in resistant variety P. tomentosa by targeting MYB and ERF, while miR6462c‐5p and miR828 were related to the susceptibility of 2025 by targeting MYB. The comprehensive integration analysis in this research provides new insights into the regulatory pathways involved in the defence response of poplar to L. populi and offers crucial candidate miRNAs‐target genes modules for poplar resistance improvement.
Real‐world experience in treatment of donor‐derived Hepatitis C virus in kidney transplant recipients with delayed initiation, shortened course glecaprevir/pibrentasvir versus standard of care
Authors: Papanikolla Johanna , McGowan Melissa , Chunduru Mythili , Winters Holli , Pesavento Todd , Smith Rachel , Singh Navdeep , Wellner Michael , Sobotka Lindsay , Nolan Annelise 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited literature describing the real‐world practice of delayed initiation and shortened duration direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) in kidney transplant recipients. We compared Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure rates among kidney transplant recipients who received an HCV nucleic acid test positive (NAT +) kidney and were treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) for 12 weeks or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) for 8 weeks, a duration that is 4 weeks shorter than the guideline recommendation for treatment delay beyond 1‐week post‐transplant.MethodsRetrospective study of HCV‐negative adult patients who received a kidney transplant from an HCV NAT+ donor between April 2019 and April 2022 treated with either SOF/VEL for 12 weeks or G/P for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12). Secondary outcomes included time to DAA initiation, renal function, graft loss, patient death, liver function tests, and opportunistic infections.Results:102 kidney transplant recipients were included with 36 treated with G/P and 66 treated with SOF/VEL. All 36 (100%) treated with G/P achieved SVR12. One patient in the SOF/VEL group failed to achieve SVR12 but received additional therapy and was cured. Time to DAA initiation was similar with a mean of 4 weeks. There was no difference in AST/ALT > 3x ULN or renal function. One rejection occurred in each group. No patient death or graft loss was observed. There was no difference in cytomegalovirus and BK viremia between groups. Conclusion:Delayed initiation of DAA therapy with 12 weeks of SOF/VEL or 8 weeks of G/P achieves SVR12 in kidney transplant recipients without significant adverse effects.
image
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation phase I/II multicenter trial of low‐dose cidofovir for BK polyomavirus nephropathy
Authors: Imlay Hannah , Gnann John W. , Rooney James , Peddi V. Ram , Wiseman Alexander C. , Josephson Michelle A. , Kew Clifton , Young Jo‐Anne H. , Adey Deborah B. , Samaniego‐Picota Milagros , Whitley Richard J. , Limaye Ajit P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBK polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is an important cause of allograft dysfunction and failure in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and there are no proven effective treatments. Case reports and in vitro data support the potential activity of cidofovir against BK polyomavirus (BKPyV).MethodsWe report the results of a phase I/II, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized dose‐escalation trial of cidofovir in KTRs with biopsy‐confirmed BKPyVAN and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min. Intravenous cidofovir (0.25 mg/kg/dose or 0.5 mg/kg/dose) or placebo was administered on days 0, 7, 21, and 35, with final follow‐up through day 49.ResultsThe trial was prematurely discontinued due to slow accrual after 22 KTRs had completed the study. Cidofovir was safe and tolerated at the doses and duration studied. The proportion of subjects with any adverse event (AE) was similar between groups (9/14 [64%] in the combined cidofovir dose groups and 6/8 [75%] in the placebo group); 84% of AEs were mild. BKPyV DNAemia reduction by day 49 was similar between groups (>1 log10 reduction in (2/9 [22.2%] of 0.25 mg/kg group, 1/5 [20%] of 0.5 mg/kg group, and 2/8 [25%] of placebo group).ConclusionsThese preliminary results indicate that low‐dose cidofovir was safe and tolerated but had no significant BKPyV‐specific antiviral effect in KTRs with BKPyVAN.
image
Early clearance of BK polyomavirus‐DNAemia among kidney transplant recipients may lead to better graft survival
Authors: Breyer Isabel , Ptak Lucy , Stoy David , Mandelbrot Didier , Parajuli Sandesh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionBK polyomavirus (BKPyV)‐DNAemia is a common complication in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The significance of achieving viral clearance at different time intervals is not well understood.MethodsAll adult KTRs transplanted between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 who developed BKPyV‐DNAemia were included. Outcomes were analyzed based on persistent clearance of BKPyV‐DNAemia at 3‐month intervals up to 2 years after initial detection, and for recipients with persistent BKPyV‐DNAemia at last follow‐up. Uncensored graft failure, death‐censored graft failure (DCGF), and a composite outcome of DCGF or fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by ≥50% from the time of initial BKPyV‐DNAemia were outcomes of interest.ResultsOf 224 KTRs with BKPyV‐DNAemia, 58 recipients (26%) achieved viral clearance by 3 months after initial detection, 105 (47%) by 6 months, 120 (54%) by 9 months, 141 (63%) by 12 months, 155 (69%) by 15 months, 167 (75%) by 18 months, 180 (80%) by 21 months, and 193 (86%) by 24 months. Nine recipients (4%) had persistent BKPyV‐DNAemia at last follow‐up. Compared to recipients who achieved viral clearance by 3 months, those who achieved clearance by 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–8.12; p = .02) and 9 months (aOR: 3.69; 95% CI: 1.02–13.43; p = .04) had significantly increased risk for uncensored graft failure. There was no significant association between time to viral clearance and DCGF or composite outcomes.ConclusionsWe found a trend of increased risk for uncensored graft failure among those who cleared BKPyV‐DNAemia more slowly. Aiming to clear viremia early, without risking rejection, may be beneficial for allograft function and patient morbidity and mortality.
image
Rapid induction of allergen‐blocking IgG in dogs vaccinated with plant‐based, Der f 2‐expressing bioparticles
Authors: Olivry Thierry , Mirande Lucie , Aglas Lorenz , Morel Bertrand , Mas‐Fontao Ana , Fitchette Anne‐Catherine , Holztrattner Lena , Stigler Maria , Roberge Joannie , Martel Caroline , Stordeur Virginie , Desgagnés Réjean , Vézina Louis , Favrot Claude , Gomord Véronique 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAllergen‐carrying virus‐like particles are effective and safe means of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in rodent models.ObjectiveTo study the development of allergen‐blocking immunoglobulin (Ig)G in dogs injected with Der f 2‐carrying enveloped plant‐based bioparticles (eBPs).Materials and MethodsLaboratory beagle dogs were injected intradermally (ID) or subcutaneously (SC) with Der f 2‐eBP three times at 2‐week intervals. A basophil mediator release assay was used to compare the reactivity of Der f 2‐eBPs to that of recombinant Der f 2. Allergen‐specific IgG serum levels were determined by immunoblotting and ELISA. The allergen‐blocking potential of postvaccination IgG was assessed by Pet Allergy Xplorer (PAX) macroarray and basophil mediator release inhibition assays.ResultsThe amount of Der f 2 eBPs needed to induce basophil activation was 1000‐fold higher than that of the soluble natural allergen. In both immunisation groups, eBP injections caused no adverse events and induced Der f 2‐specific IgG, first detected on Day (D)14 and peaking on D41. The co‐incubation of sera with a Der f 2‐IgE‐rich canine serum pool resulted in a mean PAX inhibition of 70% (ID) to 80% (SC) on D41. For both groups, the inhibition of basophil mediator release reached 75% on D28 and D41. The percentage inhibition of PAX and mediator release correlated significantly with Der f 2 IgG levels.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceIntradermal and subcutaneous injections of Der f 2‐eBPs were safe and increased Der f 2‐specific IgG. The clinical benefit of immunotherapy will be evaluated in future trials enrolling atopic dogs allergic to house dust mites.
Experiences of siblings of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Koto Yuta , Tanaka Masami , Ueki Shingo , Niinomi Kazuteru 
Published: September 2024

Objective:The objective of this systematic review is to explore the experiences of siblings of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.Introduction:With improved life expectancy of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities, the research focus is on care at home and in the community. Although parents are the primary caregivers, siblings often assume the role of young caregivers, bearing the weight of caregiving responsibilities. Thus, a synthesis of qualitative findings is required regarding their experiences to facilitate the development of effective support strategies.Inclusion criteria:Siblings of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities will be included, defined as children with an IQ of ≤40 or mental development below a 2-year-old’s level, coupled with an inability to walk independently. Disabled children aged <20 years will be included. There will be no restrictions on the siblings’ age or type of relationship. Qualitative studies on experiences, caregiving burdens, challenges, difficulties, and frustration in daily life will be considered, covering home, community, school, and hospital settings for children with disabilities.Methods:We will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The search strategy will be conducted in 3 phases: initial limited search, comprehensive database search, and reference list search of the included articles. The MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, Scopus, Ichushi-Web, and CiNii databases will be searched, with no restrictions on language or publication date. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be conducted by 2 independent reviewers. We will evaluate the final synthesized findings using the ConQual approach.Systematic review registration number:PROSPERO CRD42024499042
Changes in motor unit behaviour across repeated bouts of eccentric exercise
Authors: Hayman Oliver , Ansdell Paul , Angius Luca , Thomas Kevin , Horsbrough Lauren , Howatson Glyn , Kidgell Dawson J. , Škarabot Jakob , Goodall Stuart 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnaccustomed eccentric exercise (EE) is protective against muscle damage following a subsequent bout of similar exercise. One hypothesis suggests the existence of an alteration in motor unit (MU) behaviour during the second bout, which might contribute to the adaptive response. Accordingly, the present study investigated MU changes during repeated bouts of EE. During two bouts of exercise where maximal lengthening dorsiflexion (10 repetitions × 10 sets) was performed 3 weeks apart, maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIC) and MU behaviour (quantified using high‐density electromyography; HDsEMG) were measured at baseline, during (after set 5), and post‐EE. The HDsEMG signals were decomposed into individual MU discharge timings, and a subset were tracked across each time point. MVIC was reduced similarly in both bouts post‐EE (Δ27 vs. 23%, P = 0.144), with a comparable amount of total work performed (∼1,300 J; P = 0.905). In total, 1,754 MUs were identified and the decline in MVIC was accompanied by a stepwise increase in discharge rate (∼13%; P < 0.001). A decrease in relative recruitment was found immediately after EE in Bout 1 versus baseline (∼16%; P < 0.01), along with reductions in derecruitment thresholds immediately after EE in Bout 2. The coefficient of variation of inter‐spike intervals was lower in Bout 2 (∼15%; P < 0.001). Our data provide new information regarding a change in MU behaviour during the performance of a repeated bout of EE. Importantly, such changes in MU behaviour might contribute, at least in part, to the repeated bout phenomenon.
Reversionary Control Modes for the Mitigation of Failures in a Partially Turboelectric Aircraft Propulsion System
Authors: Simon Donald L. , Chicatelli Amy K. , Bianco Santino J. , Horning Marcus A. , Saus Joseph R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In support of emission and fuel burn reduction goals, the aviation industry is actively pursuing the advancement of electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) technology. This includes turbo-electric and hybrid electric propulsion designs that combine gas turbine engine and electrical system hardware. Such architectures exhibit a high degree of coupling between subsystems. This drives the need for system-level control strategies to ensure the safe, coordinated, and efficient operation of all subsystems. The design and certification of any aircraft propulsion system requires that all potential subsystem failures are identified, and the hazards posed by these failures are appropriately mitigated. This requirement is particularly challenging for EAP systems due to their integrated nature. One approach to assist in EAP failure mitigation is the inclusion of automated reconfiguration capabilities within the propulsion control system. Such control modes, referred to as reversionary control modes, are designed to automatically detect failures and activate backup control modes upon failure detection. This paper covers the design and evaluation of reversionary control mode logic developed for a partially turbo-electric propulsion concept. Test results from a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) evaluation of the concept are also presented and discussed. The results show that the developed reversionary control logic can successfully detect and mitigate subsystem failures in a representative environment that includes actual electrical system hardware.
A Comparison of Model Predictive Control Architectures for Application to Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Systems
Authors: Hill Elyse D. , Simon Donald L. , Connolly Joseph W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) systems continue to mature, more sophisticated hardware and software are being developed to balance operations among electric machines and gas-turbine engines. In hybrid-electric propulsion systems, the increased complexity resulting from integrating turbine-engine shafts with electric machines necessitates control methodologies to account for various physical domains. Ideal controllers for hybrid-electric engines manage systems, subsystems, and their interactions in a coordinated fashion, able to account for safety and performance goals while being computationally efficient. In a previous work, linear model predictive control (MPC) schemes were implemented in centralized and distributed frameworks on a nonlinear turbofan engine model as a proof of concept. However, these schemes were not evaluated for computational complexity, prompting further study. The research presented here develops hierarchical MPC schemes to reduce the computational burden of the previous MPC schemes. A two-tier framework is implemented, where a slower sampling MPC controls electric machines and determines fan-speed tracking goals for a faster sampling controller, which is either a MPC or a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The proposed designs are compared to the centralized MPC investigated previously, and performance is measured via fan speed tracking error, energy storage state-of-charge, and computation time. Results reveal that the hierarchical MPC scheme employing a lower-level PI controller improves computation time while maintaining comparable tracking and state-of-charge regulation to the centralized scheme.
Tribological Performance of Soft Magnetic Composite Materials for Gas Turbine Applications
Authors: Suman Alessio , Fortini Annalisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) have gained attention in the last years of their usage in more compact and powerful electromechanical systems. These materials are used to combine the application of metallic material to the capability of generating (without external supply) a magnetic field. Automotive and aerospace technologies push the applications of these original materials to even higher power and mechanical stress to reduce the number of components, the size, and, in turn, the weight of complex systems. Considering gas turbine application, SMCs were formerly developed for bearings, but in the last decades, the new era of gas turbine electrification (e.g., hybrid-electric fly) has determined the need for mechanical improvement of such materials. At the same time, the reliability of soft magnetic material has to be discovered to avoid failure and reduce the maintenance schedule. In this work, tribological behaviors of SMCs were investigated by standard wear tests. In particular, two different types of SMCs were prepared through the powder metallurgy technique. Tests were conducted by a tribometer using a ball-on-disk configuration in lubricated condition. The effect of oil temperature and applied load were investigated. In addition to the tribological tests, an extensive postmortem analysis was conducted on the worn surface to recognize the mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of the materials. The results showed the effects of the oil viscosity on the useful operating life of the SMCs. Removal mechanisms depend on the load conditions, and the proper selection of the oil characteristics and load was assessed.
The Upper Bound of the Buckling Stress of Axially Compressed Carbon Steel Circular Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Musa Abubakr E. S. , Al-Shugaa Madyan A. , Al-Gahtani Husain J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The buckling stress of axially compressed circular cylindrical shells (CCSs) is highly sensitive to imperfections. Perfect CCSs are an idealization unattainable in reality. In practice, imperfections are always present and significantly reduce the load-carrying capacity. Accordingly, shell designers are encouraged by the Eurocode EN 1993:1-6 to conduct geometric and material nonlinear with imperfections analysis (GMNIA) considering different possible forms of imperfections for the shell under design. As GMNIA type of analysis is difficult and requires highly skilled engineers, knowledge of the upper limit of the buckling stress serves as a guide and prevents overestimation of the shell buckling resistance. It also encourages average skilled designers to attempt GMNIA as far as the maximum possible limit is known. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide the upper bound of the buckling stress of carbon steel CCSs. Geometric and material nonlinear analysis (GMNA) of perfect CCSs for a wide range of R/t ratio is conducted. It has been found that for cases of small and intermediate R/t values the buckling stress can be predicted by GMNA while the elastic buckling controls those of larger R/t values. The limiting R/t values depend on the steel grade and have been derived for the available standard grades of carbon steel. The obtained results are presented in terms of simplified formulas and a design chart to be used by engineers. Application of the proposed upper bound in simplified design approaches using knock down factor (KDFs) has also been discussed.
Role of a 10-Week Exercise Intervention on Cerebral Hemoglobin Saturation, Cognitive Function, and Heart Rate Variability Within Elite Esports Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nicholson Mitchell , Poulus Dylan , Johnson Daniel , Robergs Rob , Kelly Vince , McNulty Craig 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Esports demand peak cognitive performance from esports athletes (e-athletes), yet their sedentary lifestyle raises concerns. This pilot study explores the effects of aerobic exercise on executive function, cerebral hemodynamics, and heart rate variability (HRV) during gameplay. Methods: Six high-ranking male e-athletes (20.8 ± 2.1 years old), ranking in the top 10% of their game, were recruited. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy measured cerebral hemodynamics, cognitive tests assessed executive function, and electrocardiography measured HRV. Individualized exercise intensities were set through graded exercise testing, followed by a 10-week treadmill-based cardiovascular training program. Results: Postintervention, weight, and body mass index remained unchanged (p > .05), but the graded exercise test and heart rate deflection point significantly improved (p < .05). Executive function displayed faster reaction times in the Color Word Stroop Task, and notably more accurate responses in the Parametric Go/No-Go tasks (p < .05), with large effect sizes. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy revealed decreased oxygenated hemoglobin levels during rest, with moderate to large effect sizes, while HRV variables showed significant increases with large effect sizes. Conclusions: This pilot study introduces a 10-week exercise regimen for e-athletes, suggesting positive impacts on cerebral hemodynamics, executive functions, and HRV, warranting further research.