bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of physical activity on climacteric symptoms
Authors: Dąbek Aneta , Adamiec Agnieszka , Rekowski Witold , Czyżewski Piotr 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The menopausal syndrome affects 85-87% post-menopausal women. Typical symptoms include: hot flashes, heavy sweats, dizziness, increased body temperature, heart palpitations, depression, mood swings, distorted concentration, distorted memory and interrupted sleeping patterns. The literature on effects of physical activity on menopausal symptoms seems to be inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between intensified menopausal syndrome and undertaking physical activity.
Material and methods: We studied 105 healthy menopausal women (aged 45 to 65). Their mean age was 52 SD 5.2. We used the survey method. The research tools were: questionnaire we devised, Kupperman index and Borg scale. Additionally, we devised: physical effort intensity index and physical activity variety index. To conduct the statistical analysis, we used STATISTICA programme. We set statistical significance at p<0.05.
Results: We found a statistically significant relationship between the frequency of undertaking physical activity and the intensity of menopausal syndrome. More than a half of the subjects (54.3%) did physical exercise “often” or “regularly”, and they did not suffer from the “severe” form of menopausal syndrome. We found a significant relationship between the BMI and intensity of menopausal symptoms (p=0.04) and between the waist size and menopausal symptoms (p=0.001).
Conclusions: The more intense, varied and frequent physical activity, the less intense menopausal symptoms. The subjects with normal BMI and waist narrower than 80cm had less difficult menopause. Physical activity reduces physical and psychological changes experienced in the climacteric.
Thermal expansion, electrical conductivity and hardness of Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N/Al composites
Authors: Miao Jinjin , Liu Jiaqi , Wu Xiao , Zou Han , Sha Dawei , Ren Jie , Dai Yu , Yan Xuehua , Cheng Xiaonong 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N/Al composites were successfully prepared by sintering at 623 K and 723 K. It is found that the thermal expansion of Al is effectively decreased with the addition of negative thermal expansion material Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N, which plays the role of the thermal expansion compensator in the composite system. The thermal expansion of composites can be tailored by adjusting the volume fraction of Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N. In particular, 40 vol.%-Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N/Al composite sintered at 723 K has a low thermal expansion coefficient of 2.38×10−6 K−1. The thermal expansion of Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N/Al composites matches well with those calculated from the rule of mixture (ROM) estimation. The ROM model can be used to predict the thermal expansion of Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N/Al composite and design Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N/Al composite with a particular thermal expansion. Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N/Al composites exhibit excellent electrical conductivities at the level of 104 S/cm. The hardness of the as-prepared composites increases by adding Mn3Zn0.5Sn0.5N in Al.
Preparation and erosion-corrosion behavior of polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/nickel foam co-continuous composites
Authors: Yang X.G. , Duan D.L. , Jiang S.L. , Li S. , Zhang H.C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/Ni foam co-continuous composites were designed and prepared via the hot pressing technique, and their erosion-corrosion behaviors were evaluated using an impinging jet apparatus in 1% H2SO4 and 5% silica sand with a flow rate of 30 m/s. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe the damage morphologies. A strong combination was shown between Ni foam and PEEK in the composites. PEEK was reinforced with Ni foam, and the erosion-corrosion resistance of the composites increased with the decreasing density and pore size of Ni foam. Volume loss under normal impact was higher than that under oblique impact.
High-speed electrical sliding wear behaviors of Cu-WS2-graphite-WS2 nanotubes composite
Authors: Qian Gang , Feng Yi , Zhang Jing-Cheng , Wang Yang , Zhang Tian-Ci , Xiao Ke-Song 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Cu-WS2-graphite-WS2 nanotubes composite was fabricated by the powder metallurgy hot-pressed method. The effects of electrical current (5–15 A/cm2) and sliding velocity (5–15 m/s) on the electrical wear behaviors of the composite were investigated using a block-on-slip ring wear tester rubbing against Cu-5 wt% Ag alloy ring under 2.5 N/cm2 of applied load. The lubricating effect of WS2 nanotubes and composition of tribo-film were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the contact resistance decreases but the wear rate increases as electrical current increases, because the adverse effects of electrical current soften the materials at “a-spots” and damage the tribo-film. Due to the adsorption of gaseous molecule film on the tangential direction of slip ring surface, with the rise of sliding velocity, the contact resistance increases while the wear rate reaches the minimum at a sliding velocity of 10 m/s. The reasonable addition of WS2 nanotubes into the Cu-WS2-graphite composite to replace WS2 powder can result in a reduction of both contact resistance and wear rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that copper oxides, graphite, WS2 and WS2 nanotubes in the tribo-film play the main lubrication action at the tribo-interface.
Reinforcing abilities of microfibers and nanofibrillated cellulose in poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Tanpichai Supachok , Wootthikanokkhan Jatuphorn 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The reinforcing abilities of cellulose microfibers and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were evaluated. NFC successfully prepared from regenerated cellulose fibers using high-speed blending for 60 min was introduced in a PLA matrix. The physical and mechanical properties of NFC-reinforced PLA composites were investigated in comparison with those of the composites with microfibers. NFC fibrils with diameters in the range of 100–500 nm were disintegrated from micron-sized regenerated fibers. A slight decrease in the degree of crystallinity and degradation temperature obtained for NFC after mechanical treatment was found compared with untreated microfibers. The introduction of NFC in the PLA effectively increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites by 18% and 42%, respectively. The use of micron-sized fibers to reinforce PLA, on the other hand, showed a slight improvement in Young’s modulus (13%). The improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites reinforced with NFC was found because of the higher surface area of NFC and better interaction between the matrix and NFC fibrils. This allowed stress to transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement. NFC prepared using the high-speed blending could be an alternative to use as reinforcement in composites.
What is Time in Some Modern Physics Theories: Interpretation Problems
Authors: Karpenko Ivan A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of time in the context of several theories of modem physics. This fundamental concept inevitably arises in physical theories, but so far there is no adequate description of it in the philosophy of science. In the theory of relativity, quantum field theory. Standard Model of particle physics, theory of loop quantum gravity, superstring theory and other most recent theories the idea of time is shown explicitly or not. Sometimes, such as in the special theory of relativity, it plays a significant role and sometimes it does not. But anyway it exists and is implied by the content of the theory, which in some cases directly includes its mathematical tools. Fundamental difference of space-time processes in microcosm and macrocosm is of particular importance for solving the problem. In this regard, a need to understand the time in the way it appears in modem physics, to describe it in the language of philosophy arises (satisfactory for time description mathematical tools also do not exist). This will give an opportunity to get closer to the answer on question of time characteristics. And even if we do not obtain the exact answer, we will still be able to formulate the right question about its nature. For this purpose, the present research carries out analysis of the key theories of modern physics with regard to historical and scientific, historical and philosophical perspectives, hi some cases, this gives an opportunity to detect the succession of the associated with time perception ideas, their development, as well as the origination of fundamentally new ones. During the analysis, the conect characteristics of time are formulated from the point of view of physical theory and the attempt to state the nature of time is made. On the ground of conducted research, the conclusions about current state of the problem and its future solution perspectives are drawn.
Logics for Physarum Chips
Authors: Schumann Andrew , Pancerz Krzysztof 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe paper considers main features of two groups of logics for biological devices, called Physarum Chips, based on the plasmodium. Let us recall that the plasmodium is a single cell with many diploid nuclei. It propagates networks by growing pseudopodia to connect scattered nutrients (pieces of food). As a result, we deal with a kind of computing. The first group of logics for Physarum Chips formalizes the plasmodium behaviour under conditions of nutrient-poor substrate. This group can be defined as standard storage modification machines. The second group of logics for Physarum Chips covers the plasmodium computing under conditions of nutrient-rich substrate. In this case the plasmodium behaves in a massively parallel manner and propagates in all possible directions. The logics of the second group are unconventional and deal with non-well-founded data such as infinite streams.
The ZIF system zinc(II) 4,5-dichoroimidazolate: theoretical and experimental investigations of the polymorphism and crystallization mechanisms
Authors: Springer Sergej , Heidenreich Niclas , Stock Norbert , van Wüllen Leo , Huber Klaus , Leoni Stefano , Wiebcke Michael 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this report, we summarize our theoretical and experimental investigations on the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) system [Zn(dcim)2] (dcim=4,5-dichloroimidazolate) that have been published recently. These comprise: (1) a theoretical study on hypothetical conformational [Zn(dcm)2]-SOD polymorphs with the same underlying sodalite (SOD) topology but distinct dcim linker orientations, (2) a synthetic work that resulted in the experimental realization of the most stable predicted (trigonal) SOD-type framework conformer and improved synthetic protocols for a previously discovered cubic SOD-type material, (3) a detailed structural analysis of the trigonal and cubic SOD-type materials, (4) a comparative characterization of the SOD-type materials by gas physisorption measurements, (5) a synthetic work that resulted in the discovery of a complete series of intermediate frameworks with the trigonal and cubic SOD-type materials as the end members, and (6) time-resolved in-situ light and stopped-flow synchrotron small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments on the rapid crystallization of the RHO-type polymorph (ZIF-71). In addition, we report as yet unpublished work, concerning time-resolved in-situ angular-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments on RHO-/SOD-type phase selection via the coordination modulation approach during competitive formation of the RHO-type and SOD-type materials.
Arylimido zirconium and titanium complexes: characteristic structures and application in ethylene polymerization
Authors: Yuan Shifang , Wang Lijing , Hua Yupeng , Zhang Jing , Sun Wen-Hua 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Dimeric anilidolithium (ArHNLi·Et2O)2 (Ar=2,6-
i
Pr2C6H3) reacted with zirconium tetrachloride in THF to give the heterometallic zirconium–lithium complex [(Et2O)2Li(μ-Cl)2(ArHN)(ArN=)Zr(μ-Cl)]2 (C1) and with titanium tetrachloride in toluene to give the titanium complex [(ArN=)TiCl2·(Et2O)2] (C2) each in good isolated yields. Their molecular structures in the solid state were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane, both arylimido zirconium and titanium complexes exhibited good catalytic activities toward ethylene polymerization.
Highly specific “sensing” of tryptophan by a luminescent europium(III) complex
Authors: Stubenrauch Jan A. , Mevissen Christian , Schulte Marie F. , Bochenek Steffen , Albrecht Markus , Subramanian Palani S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The europium(III) complex 1-Cl3 (S,S-2,2′-(((1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(3-methylbutanamide)europiumtrichloride) undergoes, only in the presence of the amino acid tryptophan, a change of emission at 615 nm. In the presence of few equivalents of tryptophan, emission of the europium complex is enhanced while it disappears upon addition of large amounts. This behavior can be assigned to displacement of the sensitizing phenanthroline ligand of 1-Cl2•Trp in the latter case.
Syntheses and crystal structures of two new silver–organic frameworks based on N-pyrazinesulfonyl-glycine: weak Ag···O/N interaction affecting the coordination geometry
Authors: Li Jia-Ming , He Kun-Huan , Shi Zhong-Feng , Gao Hui-Yuan , Jiang Yi-Min 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Two new metal–organic frameworks, namely, [Ag2(L)]
n
(1) and {[Ag2.5(L)(bpy)2]·(NO3)0.5·(H2O)4.5}
n
(2), where H2L=N-pyrazinesulfonyl-glycine and bpy=4,4′-bipyridine, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction crystallographic analyses indicate that 1 displays a silver carboxylate-sulfonamide layer structure containing an uncommon heptanuclear [Ag7] cluster wherein four silver(I) atoms form an Ag4 plane with in a three-connected (6, 3) net. The molecular structure of 2 has three crystallographically independent two-coordinate Ag centers with an intersecting Ag-bpy chain structure in a six-connected (3, 6) or a four-connected (4, 4) topology. The L2− ligand serves as a μ
7-(η
2-O,N), (η
2-O′,N′), O,O″,O″′,N,N″ ligand in 1 and as a μ
3-(η
2-O,N), N,O′ ligand in 2. In the crystal, a 3D supramolecular architecture is formed by coordinative bonding in 1, but through O–H···O bonding as well as π···π stacking in 2. The two compounds show a combination of coordinative bonds, ligand-supported Ag···Ag interactions and weak Ag···O/N coordinative interactions in the solid state.
Synthesis and characterization of allyl- and vinyl-substituted 1,2-bis(tetrazolo)ethanes as polymeric precursors
Authors: Hartdegen Vera A. , Hofmayer Maximilian S. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
On the basis of 1,2-bis(5-tetrazolo)ethane (BTE) the corresponding twofold vinyl and allyl N-substituted derivatives were synthesized using 1,2-dibromoethane and allyl bromide, respectively. The compounds were obtained as two different constitutional isomers. Both species were analyzed using NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, as well as mass spectrometry. In the case of the diallyl bistetrazoles, the two isomers were characterized using 2D NMR spectroscopy. The synthesis of the divinyl compounds gave crystals of the 2,2′-N-substituted isomer, which were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability of the compounds was determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gave decomposition temperatures around 190°C and 230°C. For the investigation of the inherent energetic potential, sensitivities toward physical stimuli and detonation parameters were determined. The compounds turned out to be insensitive toward friction and impact and possess moderate energetic properties.
Volumetric, Ultrasonic and Viscometric Studies of Aspirin in the Presence of 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid in Acetonitrile Solutions at T=(288.15–318.15) K
Authors: Shekaari Hemayat , Taghi Zafarani-Moattar Mohammed , Mirheydari Seyyedeh Narjes 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In a continuation of previous studies, thermophysical properties of the systems containing aspirin (ASA), ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([OMIM][Br]) and acetonitrile (MeCN) have been determined. These properties contain density, viscosity, speed of sound and refractive index measured at T=(288.15 K–318.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure. The measured data have been applied to calculate the apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution

V
φ
0

,

$V_\varphi ^0,$

transfer volumes

Δ

V
φ
0

,

$\Delta V_\varphi ^0,$

apparent molar isentropic compressibilities κ

ϕ
, to viscosity B-coefficients and solvation number. The positive values of

Δ

V
φ
0

$\Delta V_\varphi ^0$

and

Δ

κ
φ
0

$\Delta \kappa _\varphi ^0$

indicate that dominant interactions between ASA and ionic liquid are ion–polar and polar–polar interactions. From the obtained parameters, some information in regard with the solute–solvent interactions in the studied systems was obtained. The cosphere overlap model was used to interpret the positive transfer volume

Δ

V
φ
0

.

$\Delta V_\varphi ^0.$
The Effect of Temperature, Frequency, and Grain Size on the Fatigue Properties of High-Purity Aluminum
Authors: Daniels N. H. G. , Dorn J. E. 
Published: September 2016

At room temperature the fatigue strength of high-purity aluminum approaches a lower limiting value in accord with the usual observations on nonferrous metals. But at 250 C its fatigue strength continues to decrease abruptly with increasing cycles of stress without exhibiting any trend toward reaching a limiting value even at 107 cycles. Whereas finer grain-sized specimens exhibit higher fatigue strengths at room temperature, grain size has no effect on the fatigue strength at 250 C. Such insensitivity of the fatigue strength to grain size is undoubtedly due to the fact that both grain sizes yield identical structures consisting of extensively disoriented polygonized subgrains which completely obliterate the original grain size following brief cycling at a given stress at 250 C.
Over the limited frequency range (25-1440 cpm) of the experiments, the fatigue strength of high-purity aluminum is insensitive to frequency at room temperature. But above about 150 C, greater numbers of cycles of a given stress can be endured at higher frequencies of test. In this range the number of cycles to failure, N, appears to be related to the temperature, T, frequency, ν, and stress, σ, through a thermal activation energy, ΔH, and the gas constant, R, according to the relationship
N =f (νeΔH/RT, σ)
where f is an experimentally determinable function. Therefore for a given stress the same number of cycles can be endured at the same value of νeΔH/RT higher frequencies of test are therefore equivalent to lower temperatures. Since fatigue fracturing in the higher temperature range probably occurs along polygonized subgrain boundaries, it is not unexpected that the activation energy ΔH was found to be that for dislocation climb processes, namely that for self-diffusion.
Pit Depth Measurements as a Means of Evaluating the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum in Sea Water
Authors: Summerson T. J. , Pryor M. J. , Keir D. S. , Hogan R. J. 
Published: September 2016

The development of a quantitative method for evaluating the resistance of aluminum to pitting corrosion in sea water is described. The method is based on a statistical treatment of penetrometer measurements of every pit present on test specimens immersed in sea water for periods up to 24 months. Normal frequency distributions were obtained by plotting the frequency of pitting against the square root of the pit depth. Calculations of the mean square root pit depth, the standard deviation, and standard error of the mean square root pit depth are shown. The importance of the mean square root pit depth, the standard deviation, and the frequency of pitting in determining the manner by which pitting corrosion proceeds is discussed.
A sampling procedure method is described wherein quantitative data on the resistance of aluminum to pitting corrosion in sea water can be obtained within useful limits of confidence by statistical analysis of measurements of only a fraction of the total number of pits present.
Territorios para la paz en Colombia: procesos entre la vida y el capital
Authors: Montañez Gómez Gustavo 
Published: September 2016

<p>Las posibilidades de paz que se abren a partir de los diálogos y los avances significativos, con la firma de los primeros acuerdos de cese bilateral al fuego entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC, se convierten en una excepcional oportunidad para repensar y reemprender la construcción de la nación colombiana sobre bases territoriales más genuinas, auténticas y pertinentes. Este texto desarrolla varios ejes de reflexión. Primero, todavía no existe en el Estado una comprensión a fondo de la complejidad de la cuestión territorial y su relación con las políticas sectoriales; segundo, muchas políticas nacionales y procesos sociales desencadenan procesos altamente complejos, frente a los cuales los planes de ordenamiento territorial resultan apenas caricaturas de regulación territorial y se convierten a menudo en instrumentos funcionales a las dinámicas que hegemonizan aquellos procesos; tercero, en el marco de guerra los intentos de regulación de las dinámicas territoriales resultan precarios; y cuarto, en medio todas estas dificultades emerge un escenario contradictorio para el desarrollo de las políticas y las dinámicas territoriales que contribuyan a construir un proyecto consolidado de nación.</p>
LA PEDAGOGÍA SOCIAL: UNA DISCIPLINA BÁSICA EN LA SOCIEDAD ACTUAL
Authors: Mendizabal Mª Rosario Limón 
Published: September 2016

La Pedagogía Social es una importante área de especialización educativa en las Universidades Europeas y de creciente implantación y desarrollo en las Universidades Latinoamericanas y también es un campo de actividad profesional de los educadores y pedagogos sociales, necesario en la sociedad actual, demasiado compleja y poliédrica. El artículo describe las etapas de su desarrollo como disciplina científica así como las diversas concepciones de esta, con especial referencia al pensamiento del profesorado universitario de Pedagogía Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Methodology of Conducting Physical Training Classes for Primary Schoolers with Impaired Posture
Authors: Спіцин В. В. 
Published: September 2016

Research objective: to determine the program content and methodological peculiarities of physical education of primary schoolers with impaired posture during the physical training classes.
Research methods: analysis of scientific, methodological and special literature; definition of physical development and physical preparedness (control tests); pedagogical observation; mathematical and statistical data processing.
Research results. The primary school age being the period of growth and skeletal development, it is very important to pay particular attention to primary schoolers’ correct posture development, as it directly defines the condition of their physical health. Faults in children’s posture are a condition that we can stop from progressing and correct provided that we take prompt preventive measures.
The right use of specially selected complexes of physical exercises, active games and regular workouts at home prove to have improved physical development in children with impaired posture.
Secondary school teachers of physical training can qualitatively manage the process of pupils’ physical education in class by carrying out systematic pedagogical control, using the specific program content and accounting for the methodological peculiarities in the physical education of primary schoolers with impaired posture.