bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locking Interconversion of Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamers by Intramolecular Side‐chain Crosslinking: toward Absolute Control of Helicity in Synthetic Aromatic Foldamers
Authors: Zheng Lu , Yu Chengyuan , Zhan Yulin , Deng Xuebin , Wang Ying , Jiang Hua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA series of foldamers of 8‐amino‐2‐quinoline carboxylic acid were stapled by intramolecular ring‐closing olefin metathesis to generate the constrained aromatic foldamers with varying lengths of hydrocarbon side‐chains. Investigations clearly revealed that the side‐chain crosslinkers are capable of completely locking the interconversions of the stapled aromatic foldamers over a wide range of temperatures in CDCl3, even in C2D2Cl4. Hence, the stapled foldamers with the short hydrocarbon crosslinker can be easily separated by silica‐gel chromatography to generate foldamers with stable, absolute one‐handed helicity. But the stapled foldamer with the longer crosslinker is inseparable even by chiral HPLC presumably due to the fortuitous identical polarity of the diastereomer.
Generation of the SCF3 Radical by Photoredox Catalysis: Intra‐ and Intermolecular Carbotrifluoromethylthiolation of Alkenes
Authors: Dagousset Guillaume , Simon Cédric , Anselmi Elsa , Tuccio Béatrice , Billard Thierry , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report the first use of N‐trifluoromethylthiosaccharin as the source of SCF3 radical under photoredox catalysis. This allowed an efficient and general visible‐light‐mediated carbotrifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes. Under the optimized conditions using fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] as the photocatalyst, various N‐aryl acrylamides as well as a wide range of substituted styrenes can readily be difunctionalized in an intra‐ or intermolecular fashion, affording the corresponding SCF3‐containing products in good to excellent yield. Importantly, the formation of this SCF3 radical along with other key radical intermediates was unambiguously demonstrated thanks to spin trapping/electron paramagnetic resonance (ST/EPR) experiments, which enabled a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism.
A location‐based IoT platform supporting the cultural heritage domain
Authors: Piccialli Francesco , Chianese Angelo 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe Cultural Heritage domain is a global resource able to gain more and more importance and value because it becomes research field characterized by many aspects to be studied such as its enjoyment and promotion. In this paper, we present the design and the implementation of an intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) platform supporting the Cultural Heritage domain. In details, the objective of the proposed platform is to create intelligent solutions and services to enhance the visitors' interaction with cultural objects. To perform this research task, the platform relies on ubiquitous and IoT applications that can represent a suitable solution for improving visitors' experience when inside a museum or a temporary art exhibition. The IoT paradigm applied to the Cultural Heritage domain has the main purpose to transform a static cultural space into an intelligent environment enforcing a set of proximity‐based and multimedia services. To assess our methodology, we realize a real case study during an art event in Naples, Italy.
Pore Topology Effects in Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Zeolites
Authors: Zubiaga Asier , Warringham Robbie , Mitchell Sharon , Gerchow Lars , Cooke David , Crivelli Paolo , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Pérez‐Ramírez at ETH Zurich. The image shows the confinement of a metastable positronium, a bound state of an electron and a positron, in the micropores of a zeolite framework. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201601258.
Parallel checking of content integrity in multi‐cloud storage of heterogeneous sensor systems
Authors: Mao Jian , Chen Yue , Zhang Yan , Xu Xiandong , Zhou Yajian , Liu Jianwei 
Published: February 2017

SummaryHeterogeneous sensor systems collect a large amount of sensor data. Because of limited processing capability of sensor nodes, such data are typically stored and processed in a centralized environment in the cloud. However, when data are managed and processed by multiple cloud servers, users do not physically possess these data. The risk of unauthorized access to the cloud data increases dramatically. Therefore, enforcing the integrity of the outsourced data remotely becomes a challenge in the heterogeneous sensor system. Remote data possession auditing is a solution to guarantee the availability and integrity of data outsourced to the cloud. Most existing solutions only target at a single cloud service provider (CSP) environment without considering the multi‐cloud scenario. How to audit the data possession among the distributed CSP servers effectively becomes a major concern. In this paper, we propose a parallel cloud data possession checking scheme for the multi‐cloud environment. Our approach utilizes the homomorphic verification tag created by the Paillier cryptosystem to support unlimited query challenges and introduces the error‐correction encoding method to ensure error localization and data correction. We prototype our solution and analyze the scheme comprehensively. Our evaluation results demonstrate the efficiency and security of our method. It also supports simultaneous verification of multiple CSPs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterometallic [Cu2Ln3] (Ln = DyIII, GdIII and HoIII) and [Cu4Ln2] (Ln = DyIII and HoIII) Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Bag Prasenjit , Das Sourav , Kundu Subrata , van Leusen Jan , Kögerler Paul , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Vadapalli Chandrasekhar from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India, in collaboration with the group of Paul Kögerler from RWTH Aachen University, Germany. The cover image shows a pentanuclear and a hexanuclear Cu/Ln complex with unprecedented structural topology.
The Implications of State Intervention for Self‐Governed Irrigation Schemes: Insights From Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Oates N. , Hisberg A. , Rodríguez Ros J. , Solomon H. , Ludi E. , Marlet S. , Jamin J.‐Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe development of smallholder irrigation is a policy priority in Ethiopia, yet little consideration has been given to the role state interventions play in enabling or constraining effective self‐governance in farmer‐managed schemes. To address this gap in evidence, research was conducted in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, in two irrigation sites. Focus group discussions and semi‐structured interviews with key informants were the primary means of collecting data on local institutional arrangements, government interventions and management challenges. An opinion poll provided additional insights. Our case studies indicate that effective self‐governance cannot easily be crafted by external actors. The introduction of modern irrigation technologies and formalized management arrangements has fostered dependency on external support and increased state influence in key decision‐making processes, whilst traditional water user associations remain largely autonomous but have little access to financial resources. State interventions have also been poorly tailored to local context with negative consequences for performance, although there have been some successes where traditional arrangements for water management have been integrated into new institutions. The incorporation of farmer perspectives into performance assessments could facilitate more responsive interventions, and remains an important area of irrigation research and practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal Patterns of Microbial Community Structure and Enzyme Activities in Coastal Saline Soils of Perennial Halophytes
Authors: Rathore Aditya P. , Chaudhary Doongar R. , Jha Bhavanath 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPerennial halophytes are known to be one of the most influential parameters in coastal ecosystem affecting ecosystem processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities in different halophyte‐covered soils (Arthrocnemum indicum, Aeluropus lagopoides, Heleochloa setulosa and Suaeda nudiflora) with control soil (un‐vegetated) that were collected in three seasons (rainy, winter and summer) from intertidal coastal soils of Gujarat, India. Soil microbial community structure was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling. Halophytes influenced significantly soil micro‐environment by exerting effects on the soil chemical characteristics, enzyme activities and microbial community structure. The activities of β‐glucosidase, urease and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in halophyte‐covered soils than in control soil. Among four halophyte‐covered soils, the highest amounts of total, bacterial, actinomycetes and fungal PLFAs were observed in Arthrocnemum soil. The concentrations of total, bacterial, actinomycetes and fungal PLFAs were also significantly higher in summer and winter seasons than in rainy season, whereas enzyme activities also vary with seasons. The non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis PLFA profiling revealed that the structure of microbial community significantly differed in all seasons as well as between control and halophyte‐covered soils. These shifts in microbial community were due to the higher abundance of Gram‐positive, total bacterial and actinomycetes PLFAs in summer and winter seasons than in rainy season, whereas abundance of fungal biomarker was significantly higher in rainy season than in other seasons. Among halophytes, significantly higher abundance of Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative and total bacteria was observed in Arthrocnemum, Heleochloa and Suaeda whereas the lowest in control soil. Halophytes exhibited improved soil microbial activities, which is important for healthy ecosystem. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VERSE‐guided parallel RF excitations using dynamic field correction
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Mustafa , Mooiweer Ronald , Pruessmann Klaas P. , Malik Shaihan J. 
Published: February 2017

In parallel RF pulse design, peak RF magnitudes and specific absorption rate levels are critical concerns in the hardware and safety limits. The variable rate selective excitation (VERSE) method is an efficient technique to limit the peak RF power by applying a local‐only RF and gradient waveform reshaping while retaining the on‐resonance profile. The accuracy of the excitation performed by the VERSEd RF and gradient waveforms strictly depends on the performance of the employed hardware. Any deviation from the nominal gradient fields as a result of frequency dependent system imperfections violates the VERSE condition similarly to off‐resonance effects, leading to significant excitation errors and the RF pulse not converging to the targeted peak RF power. Moreover, for iterative VERSE‐guided RF pulse design (i.e. reVERSE), the k‐space trajectory actually changes at every iteration, which is assumed to be constant. In this work, we show both theoretically and experimentally the effect of gradient system imperfections on iteratively VERSEd parallel RF excitations. In order to improve the excitation accuracy besides limiting the RF power below certain thresholds, we propose to integrate gradient field monitoring or gradient impulse response function (GIRF) estimations of the actual gradient fields into the RF pulse design problem. A third‐order dynamic field camera comprising a set of NMR field sensors and GIRFs was used to measure or estimate the actual gradient waveforms that are involved in the VERSE algorithm respectively. The deviating and variable k‐space is counteracted at each iteration of the VERSE‐guided iterative RF pulse design. The proposed approaches are demonstrated for accelerated multiple‐channel spatially selective RF pulses, and highly improved experimental performance was achieved at both 3 T and 7 T.
Wide‐bandgap p‐type microcrystalline silicon oxycarbide using additional trimethylboron for silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Kang Dong‐Won , Sichanugrist Porponth , Zhang He , Konagai Makoto 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report a new wide‐bandgap p‐type microcrystalline silicon oxycarbide (p‐μc‐SiOxCy:H) film prepared by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. As an additional doping gas, trimethylboron was introduced into the standard processing gas‐mixture of silane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and diborane. With both trimethylboron and diborane as doping gases, the optical bandgap (E04) of the formed p‐μc‐SiOxCy:H film was 0.18 eV higher than that of reference microcrystalline silicon oxide (p‐μc‐SiOx:H) processed with only diborane doping gas for the same levels of film thickness and electrical conductivity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed p‐layer, we applied it as an emitter in silicon heterojunction solar cells, which delivered a markedly high open circuit voltage of 0.702 V and a power conversion efficiency of 18.9% based on a non‐textured flat wafer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer survivors' activation to self‐management and its relationship with participation in paid work and work‐related problems
Authors: van Maarschalkerweerd Pomme , Rademakers Jany , Rijken Mieke 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore cancer survivors' level of patient activation, ie, their knowledge, skills, and confidence for self‐management, and to examine its relations to their participation in paid work and work‐related problems.MethodsA total of 524 Dutch cancer survivors, 208 younger than 65 years, completed the Patient Activation Measure (PAM‐13) and the Research and Development (RAND‐36) General Health scale. Cancer survivors younger than 65 years also reported on their participation in paid work and work‐related problems.ResultsThe mean PAM‐13 score of cancer survivors was 58.1, and of those younger than 65 years 58.7. Patient activation was not associated with participation in paid work. Employed cancer survivors with a low level of patient activation experienced more problems working accurately (34% vs 17%), finishing their work (47% vs 22%), and concentrating (59% vs 31%) than those with a higher level of patient activation. The former group also reported more work stress (62% vs 28%).ConclusionsPatient activation of cancer survivors deserves more attention, as a substantial proportion of these survivors have low activation levels, which relate to more work‐related problems. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore the development of patient activation over time and its potential to improve important outcomes for people living with cancer in both the health and work domains.
Prediction of forearm bone shape based on partial least squares regression from partial shape
Authors: Oura Keiichiro , Otake Yoshito , Shigi Atsuo , Yokota Futoshi , Murase Tsuyoshi , Sato Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐assisted corrective osteotomy using a mirror image of the normal contralateral shape as reference is increasingly used. Instead, we propose to use the shape predicted by statistical learning to deal with cases demonstrating bilateral abnormality, such as bilateral trauma, congenital disease, and metabolic disease.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) scans of 100 normal forearms were used in this study. The whole bone shape was predicted from its partial shape based on statistical learning of the other 99 bones. Accuracy was evaluated by average symmetric surface distance (ASD), and translational and rotational errors.ResultsASDs for predicted shapes were 0.71–1.03 mm. Mean absolute translational and rotational errors were 0.48–1.76 mm and 0.99–6.08°, respectively.ConclusionNormal bone shape was predicted with an acceptable accuracy from its partial shape using statistical learning. Predicted shape can be an alternative to a mirror image, which may enable reduced radiation exposure and examination costs.
Some properties of impossible differential and zero correlation linear cryptanalysis on TEA family‐type ciphers
Authors: Zhang Kai , Guan Jie , Hu Bin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn lightweight cryptographic primitives, round functions with simple operations XOR, modular addition, and shift (or rotation) are widely used nowadays. Among these ciphers, TEA and XTEA are two famous lightweight block ciphers. At AFRICACRYPT 2012, Jiazhe Chen, Meiqin Wang, and Bart Preneel proposed a method to establish impossible differential distinguishers for TEA and XTEA. At FSE 2012, with similar approach, Andrey Bogdanov and Meiqin Wang identified zero correlation linear distinguishers for TEA and XTEA. We find similarities in these two kinds of distinguishers and then probe into the deeper relationship between them. In this paper, we extend the TEA and XTEA to a more general TEA family‐type ciphers and study the impossible differential distinguishers and zero correlation linear distinguishers for this kind of ciphers. More specifically, with the methods proposed in these two references earlier, firstly, we prove the longest lengths for impossible differential distinguishers and zero correlation linear distinguishers on TEA family‐type ciphers. Secondly, the number of longest impossible differential distinguishers and zero correlation linear distinguishers are calculated respectively. Then, the specific forms of their input and output differences (or linear masks) are given. Thirdly, a dual property is proposed to demonstrate the deeper relationship between these two kinds of distinguishers. Finally, we give some suggestions for algorithm designers on how to shorten these two kinds of distinguishers for TEA family‐type ciphers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should there be future people? A fundamental question for climate change and intergenerational justice
Authors: Sanklecha Pranay 
Published: February 2017

The effects of climate change will be felt far into the future, long after currently living people have stopped existing. A popular way of understanding what this means ethically is to conceptualize the issue in terms of intergenerational justice: currently living people have duties of justice toward future generations to not wrongfully harm them, or duties to reduce the risk of violating the rights future people will have when they exist. In this article I show that this depends on assumptions about the existence, identity, and number of future people. I argue for the relevance and importance of ethically investigating these assumptions; in particular of asking: should humanity continue to exist? I argue that this ethical investigation is necessary to properly and fully understand the ethical challenges that climate change creates. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e453. doi: 10.1002/wcc.453This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Human Rights
The evolution of amniote gastrulation: the blastopore‐primitive streak transition
Authors: Stower Matthew J. , Bertocchini Federica 
Published: February 2017

In the animal kingdom, gastrulation, the process by which the primary germ layers are formed involves a dramatic transformation in the topology of the cells that give rise to all of the tissues of the adult. Initially formed as a mono‐layer, this tissue, the epiblast, becomes subdivided through the internalization of cells, thereby forming a two (bi‐laminar) or three (tri‐laminar) layered embryo. This morphogenetic process coordinates the development of the fundamental body plan and the three‐body axes (antero‐posterior, dorso‐ventral, and left‐right) and begins a fundamental segregation of cells toward divergent developmental fates. In humans and other mammals, as well as in avians, gastrulating cells internalize along a structure, called the primitive streak, which builds from the periphery toward the center of the embryo. How these morphogenetic movements are orchestrated and evolved has been a question for developmental biologists for many years. Is the primitive streak a feature shared by the whole amniote clade? Insights from reptiles suggest that the primitive streak arose independently in mammals and avians, while the reptilian internalization site is a structure half‐way between an amphibian blastopore and a primitive streak. The molecular machinery driving primitive streak formation has been partially dissected using mainly the avian embryo, revealing a paramount role of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway in streak formation. How did the employment of this machinery evolve? The reptilian branch of the amniote clade might provide us with useful tools to investigate the evolution of the amniote internalization site up to the formation of the primitive streak. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e262. doi: 10.1002/wdev.262This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Fertilization to Gastrulation
Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution
Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 2
Authors: Molkov Yaroslav I. , Rubin Jonathan E. , Rybak Ilya A. , Smith Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2017

The cover image, by Ilya A. Rybak et al., is based on Advanced Review Computational models of the neural control of breathing, DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1371.
image
Root‐exudate flux variations among four co‐existing canopy species in a temperate forest, Japan
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Kominami Yuji , Yoshimura Kenichi , Kitayama Kanehiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlants allocate carbon to root exudates to mine nitrogen (N) from soil organic matter (SOM). Little is known about how the root‐exudation rate varies among co‐existing woody species. We conducted an in situ experiment in a warm temperate forest on two dominant species, Quercus serrata and Ilex pedunculosa, and two of their congeneric species, Quercus glauca and Ilex macropoda, respectively. We hypothesized that the root‐exudation rate varies among these species because of their distinct functional traits and N demands. Root‐exudation rates were measured using a non‐soil culture method during the growing season from June 2013 to May 2014. We also measured foliar N concentrations and the activities of N‐degrading enzymes in the rhizosphere soils. The annual demand for N was calculated from the growth rate and allometric equations for biomass. The root‐exudation rates of Q. serrata and I. macropoda were consistently greater than those of their congeneric evergreen species on root‐length, root‐weight, and individual‐tree bases. The variations of the annual N demand of these species mirrored this pattern. Within a species, root‐exudation rates correlated positively to leaf N contents, suggesting a physiological linkage between photosynthetic capacities and belowground carbon allocation. Root‐exudation rates also correlated positively to the activities of polyphenol oxidase, an enzyme that decomposes N from recalcitrant SOM. Our results suggest that the variations of the root‐exudation among co‐existing species relate to their functional traits and demand for N.