bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANORECTAL PATHOLOGIES IN THE COURSE OF ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS; PREDICTIVE PARAMETERS.
Authors: Yılmaz Fatma , Saglam Bugra , Gorduk Ufuk , Kalan Ugur , Afacan Öztürk Hacer Berna , Gunes Ahmet Kursad , Albayrak Murat 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Patients with leukaemia are exposed to infections as long as they are neutropenic. During this period, anorectal pathologies are among the common foci of infection with high mortality. We aimed in this study to investigate the factors that may have a predictive effect for early diagnosis and rapid intervention in perianal complications occurring in neutropenic patients diagnosed with leukaemia.
Materials and Methods
A total of 90 patients with acute leukaemia, including 45 patients with anorectal pathology and 45 patients without anorectal pathology, were analysed. Demographics, blood group, BMI, haemogram and biochemical parameters at the time of diagnosis, types of perianal pathology were recorded.
Results
In the group of patients with anorectal pathology, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, LDH were significantly (p<0.05) higher and platelets, MPV, PCT were significantly (p<0.05) lower.
The multivariate model showed significant-independent (p<0.05) efficacy of WBC and MPV values in differentiating patients with and without anorectal pathology. A significant efficacy was observed at the WBC cut off of 17000 [area under the curve 0.656 (0.542-0.770)] and at the MPV cut off of 10 [area under the curve 0.667 (0.554-0.780)] in differentiating patients with and without anorectal pathology.
Discussion
Anorectal pathologies are common foci of infection in patients with acute leukaemia. Having predictive parameters that may help for early intervention will help the clinician. This is the first study in the literature comparing a control group and a group with anorectal pathologies in leukaemia patients and providing a cut-off for WBC.
Incidence and risk factors of anaemia among people on antiretroviral therapy in Harare
Authors: Mandikiyana Chirimuta Linda A. , Shamu Tinei , Chimbetete Cleophas , Part Chérie 
Published: August 2024

Background: Anaemia is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality risk among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the prevalence of anaemia, some patients remain at risk after commencing ART.Objectives: We estimated the incidence of anaemia after ART commencement and identified associated risk factors.Method: We analysed outpatient records at Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe. Patients (≥ 5 years old) who were commenced on ART between January 2016 and December 2020 were included and were followed up for up to 2 years. Patients with anaemia at ART commencement and women who were pregnant at any time during follow-up were excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess independent risk factors for anaemia.Results: During the study, 1110 patients ≥ 5 years old were commenced on ART with a prevalence of anaemia of 40.0%. Five hundred and twenty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria and were followed up for 823.7 person-years. The median age was 36.1 years and 290 (58.4%) were female. The incidence rate of anaemia after ART commencement was 176.1 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 149.6–207.2). Females (aHR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.46–3.00, P 0.001), zidovudine use (aHR: 3.50 96% CI: 2.14–5.71, P 0.001), age 5–12 years or 50 years, and the presence of World Health Organization stage III/IV disease (aHR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.14–5.71, P = 0.019) had higher odds of developing anaemia.Conclusion: The incidence of anaemia after ART commencement was high. Female sex, zidovudine use, age and the presence of stage III/IV disease were independent risk factors for anaemia. Clinicians should screen PLHIV on ART regularly for anaemia. What this study adds: This study found a high incidence of anaemia among PLHIV after commencing ART and identified several risk factors.
The Black Consciousness Movement in Azania (South Africa): A triple heritage
Authors: Tleane Lekgantshi C. 
Published: August 2024

Starting with the 2015 Rhodes Must Fall campaign, there has been renewed interest in the philosophy of black consciousness through popular expressions – on social media and mainstream media articles – and by scholars. This article seeks to revisit the origins of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) in Azania (South Africa). Through an examination of primary sources, that is, documents written by the activist writers of the movement and secondary sources by scholars who reflect on the movement and other expressions of black resistance against colonialism and the oppression of black people globally, this article relies mainly on literature review of documents that are in the public domain. The overall findings of the review show that the BCM drew inspiration from and was shaped by the ‘black radical tradition’ influences from North America (specifically the United States), the Caribbean and South American region, and from the African continent, including locally in South Africa. While shaped by these influences the BCM adapted them and responded to the peculiarities of the condition of black people in South Africa and thus formulated a unique brand of black consciousness. The conclusion reached herein is that movements and the ideas that they espouse, are often confluences of views and practices drawn from different sources.Transdisciplinary Contribution: This article contributes to the understanding of the evolution of political movements from a variety of disciplines – political studies, history, sociology of ideas, history of consciousness and political philosophy.
The African Church confronting the cosmic powers
Authors: Resane Kelebogile T. 
Published: August 2024

This article focusses on the church in Africa, dwelling with God, empowered by the Holy Spirit to confront the cosmic powers. Using the African ‘circular’ patterns, God’s presence with his people from the Old Testament times through the New Testament, an argument is presented that the African church possesses the potency to confront the cosmic powers that impinge upon the human dignity, with intentions of breaking down the community of Christ. The circle is presented as a force building towards community cohesiveness and, therefore enhancing the communality for strength against eternal forces that are aimed to destroy the church. The secret of the victory of the community over the cosmic powers is through God’s presence with his people, communality (togetherness) of his followers, and the empowerment by the Holy Spirit. God made his presence visible through shekinah, tabernacle, miracles of provision for their needs, sacrificial rituals, temple and prophetic leadership. The article concludes that God has always opted to commune with his people, because he himself is a communal God. He is in community, the trinitarian God dwelling together with and among his people. During the uncertain times of confrontation with cosmic powers, he has been at the centre while his people are encircling him and look towards him as a centre of attraction.Intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications: Understanding the context of African church, confronted with cosmic powers, the church is encouraged to understand the power of the presence of God. With anthropological concept of a circle, one understand the importance of community as a way of being empowered to stand the challenges of cosmic powers.
Postoperative Clinicoradiological Outcome of Pott’s Spine
Authors: Charde Pranav , Samal Nitin , Gudhe Mahendra , Khan Sohael 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main diseases impacting humanity. Fifty percent of all the cases of skeletal TB belong to spinal TB (STB), and it is also the most common form of TB. In India, patients usually present late after the onset of neurological symptoms, for which surgical management is essential for recovery. In our study, we have evaluated the outcome of forty patients of STB who underwent posterior decompression and instrumentation.

Methods:
Forty patients with STB who underwent posterior decompression and instrumentation were reviewed. All cases were followed up for 18 months. The groups were compared by parameters such as improvement in pain, improvement in kyphosis, and neurological recovery. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and american spinal cord injury assosciation (ASIA) score are used for the assessment.

Results:
VAS score was significantly decreased postoperatively (mean: 1.28) as compared to preoperative values (mean: 7.25). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was significantly decreased postoperatively (mean: 30.95) as compared to preoperative values (76.15). Cobb's angle was significantly decreased immediate postoperatively (mean: 7.8) as compared to preoperative values (mean: 24.8). There was no deterioration of neurological symptoms in any of the patients.

Conclusion:
Surgical intervention in Pott's spine with posterior decompression and stabilization, whenever indicated, gives good improvement in pain, decreases kyphotic deformity, and in most cases, also improves neurology.
Assessment of periodontal status in patients undergoing renal dialysis – A hospital-based study
Authors: Rani Akula Nikhila , Reddy Madupu Padma , Kulkarni Suhas , Srilatha Adepu , Reddy Loka Suraj 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized chronic kidney disease as the 12th and 17th leading cause of death and disability in the world, respectively. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing dialysis are also often prone to gingival and periodontal tissue inflammation.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare periodontal status among dialysis patients with age- and gender-matched controls in Hyderabad City, India.

Materials and Methods:
Cases (n = 165) included people who had been diagnosed with ESRD, while controls (n = 165) were subjects accompanying cases who were matched for age and gender. The oral hygiene behavior (OHB) was assessed using the OHB Index developed by Buunk et al. Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index modified and loss of attachment (LOA) based on the modified WHO criteria 2013.

Results:
Significantly higher means of OHB were seen among cases. Higher means of bleeding, pocket depth (PD), and LOA were seen with increasing age among males, low level of education, and presence of systemic condition among both cases and controls. The mean number of teeth with pocket depth (PD) >4 mm and the mean number of sextants with LOA >3 mm were significantly higher among cases than controls. At the same time, the gingival bleeding was significantly higher among controls. Regression analysis revealed that subjects who underwent dialysis (cases) and the presence of the systemic condition were only the significant predictors for the presence of periodontal disease.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that patients undergoing hemodialysis are more prone to periodontal diseases, which are again influenced by systemic conditions.
Assessment of peri-implant tissues in posterior implants placed using flapless approach: A clinicoradiographic study
Authors: Bawankar Pranjali Vijaykumar , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Kolte Rajashri Abhay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
It is important to prognosticate the hard- and soft-tissue alterations in immediate and delayed implants, as inadequacy can lead to complications affecting the long-term survival of the implant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the hard- and soft-tissue changes in immediate and delayed posterior implants with a flapless approach.

Materials and Methods:
With an equal allocation ratio, the study included 46 patients requiring implant treatment in the posterior segment, including the premolars and molars. Group 1 consisted of patients with immediate implants, whereas Group 2 consisted of patients who received delayed implants. The clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and soft-tissue assessment using the Testori esthetic score (TS), were evaluated at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Hard-tissue parameters, such as buccal bone thickness (BBT), crestal bone height (CBH), and ridge width, were evaluated radiographically with cone-beam computed tomography at baseline and 12 months posttherapy.

Results:
Intragroup comparisons in both the groups showed significant differences in PI, probing pocket depth, and TS over time (P = 0.00). The mean BBT at the crest in delayed implants (1.76 ± 0.24) significantly reduced after 12 months compared to immediate implants. A significantly higher TS score was observed after 12 months in both the groups.

Conclusion:
A significant difference in TS scores after 12 months was found between the two groups, with better esthetics in Group 1 compared to Group 2. However, no significant changes in BBT or CBH were observed after 12 months in Group 1.
Potential and Pitfalls of Postoperative Volumetric Assessment of Extent of Resection in High-Grade Glioma in Resource-Constrained Settings
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Das Kuntal K , Kanjilal Soumen , Jain Neeraj , Mishra Prabhaker , Misra Shagun , Bhaisora Kamlesh S , Mehrotra Anant , Jaiswal Awadhesh K , Kumar Raj 
Published: August 2024

Background:
While literature suggests the need for routine postoperative volumetric estimation of the EOR and residual tumour volume (RTV) in all cases of gliomas, the utility and feasibility of this protocol in resource-constrained centers remain underinvestigated.

Objectives:
Our objective was to study the feasibility of volumetric EOR in routine neurosurgical practice and determine correlation with surgeons’ intraoperative estimation of EOR. The secondary objective was to determine the survival impact of EOR and RTV on survival.

Methods and Materials:
A prospective study of pathologically proven high-grade gliomas (WHO grades 3 and 4) in adults was conducted at a tertiary care center. Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for volumetric analysis using OsiriX software and manual segmentation. Overall survival and predictors were studied using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.

Results:
Postoperative volumetry was feasible in 31% patients (n = 25) of study eligible patients (n = 84). The median EOR, CE-PTV, and CE-RTV were 79.1%, 69.8 cm3, and 8.7 cm3, respectively. There was a poor correlation of surgeons’ intraoperative impression and volumetric data (P = 0.359). Interestingly, the EOR was not significantly associated with the survival time (P = 0.920), while tumor grade, molecular profile, Ki 67 score, and postoperative functional status showed statistically significant impact.

Conclusion:
Logistic difficulties impede routine implementation of this protocol in developing countries. MRI volumetry is clearly more accurate than surgeons’ intraoperative estimation of EOR. Notwithstanding the role of EOR in survival, our study reveals a perhaps bigger impact of tumor biology and postoperative functional status in this equation.
Clinical Applications of Otoacoustic Emission: A Review of the Indications in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Northern Nigerian
Authors: Bello-Mohammed Nafisa , Hasheem Muhd G. 
Published: August 2024

Context:
An otoacoustic emission (OAE) is a low-level sound emitted by the cochlea either spontaneously or evoked by an auditory stimulus. Objectives: To determine cochlea status, specifically outer hair cells (OHC), and to determine the indications and utilization of Otoacoustic emission in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital.

Settings and Design:
This was a 3 years retrospective analysis in which all patients that had Otoacoustic Emission in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021.

Materials and Methods:
The records were retrieved and the basic demographic data, indications, and findings were extracted and entered into the Excel spreadsheet.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Retrospective analysis of the indications of otoacoustic emission testing was done by analyzing the records of 146 patients. The data were extracted and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and the result presented in tables.

Results:
Hearing loss accounted for 37% of OAE testing done (55 patients). Hearing loss from febrile illness accounted for 12.3% (18 patients) and 12% resulted from congenital hearing loss (16 patients).

Conclusion:
OAEs continue to play an important role in routine audiological assessments with ever-expanding applications. There is, however, marked under-utilization of the investigation. Hopefully, the scope of applications will broaden to include hearing aid fitting and intraoperative monitoring, and using OAE as “acoustic fingerprints” becomes a reality. There is a need for more commitment by the ORL Surgeons.
Pattern of malocclusion in patients with noma sequelae: The need for orthodontic and orthognathic therapy
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Bello Abubakar Abdullahi , Abubakar Muhammad Kaura , Bello Seidu , Alyami Bandar , Jaafar Rufai , Landi Ibrahim Abubakar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Noma is a gangrenous infection that destroys the orofacial structures and leaves the survivors with severe functional, psychosocial, and esthetic impairments. Malocclusion is one of the central sequelae that current Noma care often neglects.

Aims:
This study aimed to present the pattern of malocclusion in Noma survivors and highlight the role of orthodontic and orthognathic therapy in the management.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted over 6 months. After obtaining institutional ethical approval, all noma survivors with permanent teeth, including complete upper and lower molars at least on one side, who presented for review were included in the study. Patients’ demographics, Angle class of malocclusion, and various malocclusions were recorded. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25.

Results:
There were 35 (54.7%) males and 29 (45.3%) females in the age range of 12–36 years and a mean ± standard deviation of 22.52 ± 6.01 years. Most patients, 52 (81.3%), have Angle class 1 molar relation. Protrusion of anterior teeth was present in 34 (53.1%), posterior crossbite in 8 (12.5%), upper and lower teeth crowding in 11 (17.2%), isolated upper anterior crowding in 9 (16.7%), isolated lower anterior crowding in 4 (6.3%), and open bite in 5 (7.8%). Other dental malalignments, such as rotations and tooth displacement, were invariably present in 34 (53.1%).

Conclusion:
Malocclusion in noma survivors constitutes one of the most observable problems of noma sequelae. Orthodontic and orthognathic therapy could promote these patients’ surgical, esthetic, and psychosocial rehabilitation.
Effectiveness of Healthy Food Management Based on Christian Culture Mandates in Moderamen GBKP Kabanjahe, Tanah Karo District
Authors: Mulyono Sri 
Published: August 2024

The world's population continues to grow at a rapid pace. Efforts to provide food for the world's population must be a common agenda, not only sufficient in number, but also healthy. Moderamen GBKP Kabanjahe through the Alpha Omega Disabled Welfare Foundation (YKPC) has made efforts to manage healthy food. Coffee commodity is a favorite type of food to be developed. The following problems are still found: (a) there is no collective awareness of the dangers of using chemical elements in healthy food management, (b) the work is done by children with special needs, so the results are not optimal, (c) the magnitude of the potential and market opportunities for Coffee commodity needs cannot be utilized for maximum economic improvement. Agrosocioecopreneur (Asep) is a solution offered for healthy food management at YKPC Alpha Omega. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of healthy food management based on the Christian Cultural Mandate at Moderamen GBKP Kabanjahe. The findings in this study are as follows: (a) understanding and understanding of the environment in its sustainability has been well understood, (b) food production and management in an environmentally sustainable manner has not been fully implemented, the indicator still uses chemical elements by 50%, (c) food production has not been oriented towards the implementation of agropreneur, (environmentally friendly results, able to encourage new entrepreneurship actors, market rejuvenation with current technology), (d) empowerment of people with disabilities is an effort to restore their dignity and character, so that it is possible to minimize social problems in society, but it will not be effective for large-scale production, (e) there is a master plan for utilizing and maintaining the environment as an economic activity through ecowista and ecoeducation.
Hakikat Manusia dan Pengembangannya melalui Pendidikan
Authors: Wahidah Z St , Adhar Ifdhul 
Published: August 2024

Human is a questioning creature, where he has a desire to know everything. On the encouragement of this curiosity, humans will always want to find out about what they don't know. This research aims to prove that humans need education to develop their lives in order to satisfy their curiosity. Humans are the creation of God Almighty who has the highest degree among other creatures. The thing that distinguishes humans from other creatures is the mind, thoughts, feelings and beliefs to enhance the quality of life in the world. Education is very important for everyone. Where, Education aims to educate and develop the potential within. With the growth and development of each individual, creativity, broader knowledge, good personality, and being a responsible person will be formed. A child will not be able to make his choice in choosing his education if he is not guided from childhood to adolescence. Of course, as parents who already have knowledge of this matter, they should direct, guide and support children in their journey to achieve education. And back again, education is very important for humans so that their lives have direction.
“Um país que não está no retrato”
Authors: Da Silva Janayna Rocha , Rebello Ilana Da Silva 
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar quatro posts que possuem uma forma narrativa e uma dimensão argumentativa, das páginas São Paulo invisível e Rio invisível, veiculados na rede social Facebook, identificando os imaginários sociodiscursivos em relação à população em situação de rua. A hipótese inicial é que há uma disputa de vozes/narrativas. Pauta-se a investigação, prioritariamente, na Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso. No entanto, Recuero (2009) e Santaella (2016) também guiarão a investigação em relação ao discurso digital. Ademais, parte-se do pressuposto de que narrar convence. Assim, as reflexões de Feres (2019) e de Koch e Elias (2018) serão também utilizadas. Por fim, como o olhar é conduzido para corpos que são, a todo momento, invisibilizados e silenciados, o pensamento de Santos (2020) também será um dos fios condutores deste estudo.
ЭТНОГРАФИК ТАДҚИҚОТЛАРДА ФОТОГРАФИЯНИНГ ЎРНИ
Authors: Наcиратдинов Сапар 
Published: August 2024

Ушбу мақола фоторасмларнинг етнография илмида тутган ўрнини ва аҳамиятини таҳлил қилади. Фоторасмлар, жамият ва маданиятларни ўрганишда нафақат ҳужжатлаштириш воситаси сифатида, балки таҳлил ва тушунишни бойитувчи кучли илмий восита сифатида намоён бўлади. Мақолада қорақалпоқнинг етнографияси ўрганич учун муҳим манба ҳисобланган фотосуратларни тўпланган етнограф ва коллексионер A. Л. Мелков яратган фотосуратлар орқали биз қорақалпоқларнинг ўша даврдаги кундалик ҳаёти, хўжалиги ва урф-одатлари билан чуқурроқ танишамиз, ўрганамиз, таҳлил қиламиз. Умумий айтганда, визуал етнография — бу жамият ва маданиятларни чуқурроқ ва реалроқ тушуниш учун зарур бўлган кучли илмий ёндашувдир.