bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niche width impacts vertebrate diversification
Authors: Rolland Jonathan , Salamin Nicolas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe size of the climatic niche of a species is a major factor determining its distribution and evolution. In particular, it has been proposed that niche width should be associated with the rate of species diversification. Here, we test whether species niche width affects the speciation and extinction rates of three main clades of vertebrates: amphibians, mammals and birds.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe obtained the time‐calibrated phylogenies, IUCN conservation status, species distribution maps and climatic data for 2340 species of amphibians, 4563 species of mammals and 9823 species of birds. We computed the niche width for each species as the mean annual temperature across the species range. We estimated speciation, extinction and transition rates associated with lineages with either narrow (specialist) or wide (generalist) niches using phylogeny‐based birth–death models. We also tested if current conservation status was correlated with the niche width of species.ResultsWe found higher net diversification rates in specialist species than in generalist species. This result was explained by both higher speciation rates (for the three taxonomic groups) and lower extinction rates (for mammals and birds only) in specialist than in generalist species. In contrast, current specialist species tended to be more threatened than generalist species.Main conclusionsOur diversification analysis shows that the width of the climatic niche is strongly associated with diversification rates and may thus be a crucial factor for understanding the emergence of diversity patterns in vertebrates. The striking difference between our diversification results and current conservation status suggests that the current extinction process may be different from extinction rates estimated from the whole history of the group.
STARK, NECESSARY AND NOT PERMANENT: HUTS IN THE WORK OF PAUL CELAN AND J. H. PRYNNE
Authors: Thomas Nicola 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines the motif of the hut in the work of Paul Celan and J. H. Prynne as a metaphor for poetry which also mediates the relationship between poetry, language and place. Both Prynne's and Celan's use of the hut motif intersects with the role played by huts in work by Martin Heidegger, but this article demonstrates, through close reading of poems by Prynne and Celan, that each develops Heidegger's understanding of the hut further, with reference to the ethical imperatives which underpin linguistic (and especially poetic) production.Dieser Beitrag untersucht das Motiv der Hütte in der poetischen Arbeit Paul Celans und J. H. Prynnes als Metapher des poetischen Denkens und als Vermittler zwischen Dichtung, Sprache und Ort. Es bestehen deutliche Überschneidungen zwischen dem Gebrauch des Hüttenmotivs bei Prynne und bei Celan und der Rolle, die Hütten im Werk Martin Heideggers spielen. Mithilfe von Gedichtanalysen wird dieser Beitrag jedoch zeigen, dass Prynne und Celan Heideggers Hüttenmotiv mit Bezug auf die für die sprachliche (und insbesondere für die poetische) Produktion grundlegenden ethischen Imperative weiterentwickeln.
Functional remnant liver assessment predicts liver‐related morbidity after hepatic resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Itoh Shinji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Shirabe Ken , Kimura Koichi , Okabe Hirohisa , Harimoto Norifumi , Ikegami Toru , Uchiyama Hideaki , Nishie Akihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2016

AimWe aimed to evaluate whether functional assessment of the future remnant liver is a predictor of postoperative morbidity after hepatic resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsOne hundred forty‐six patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC were enrolled in this study. Gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhanced MRI (EOB‐MRI) analysis for functional liver assessment was carried out before hepatic resection. The signal intensity in the remnant liver was measured and divided by the signal intensity of the major psoas muscle (the liver to major psoas muscle ratio, LMR) for standardization. The remnant liver function was calculated using the formula (LMR on the hepatobiliary phase/LMR on the precontrast image). Computed tomography liver volumetry was also carried out. The remnant functional liver was calculated as the remnant liver volume or volumetric rate × remnant liver function by EOB‐MRI.ResultsMorbidities developed in 19 (13.0%) patients. Morbidities associated with the liver occurred in 7 patients (4.7%). There was no mortality during surgery. Median remnant liver function scores using EOB‐MRI and remnant functional liver using volumetric rate or volumetry were 1.82 (range, 1.25–2.96), 155.9 (range, 64.7–285.3), and 1027 (range, 369–2148), respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified the remnant functional liver volume as the only independent predictor for liver‐related morbidity.ConclusionRemnant functional liver volume using computed tomography liver volumetry and EOB‐MRI was a significantly useful predictor for liver‐related morbidity after hepatic resection in patients with HCC.
Ranolazine and Vernakalant Prevent Ventricular Arrhythmias in an Experimental Whole‐Heart Model of Short QT Syndrome
Authors: FROMMEYER GERRIT , ELLERMANN CHRISTIAN , DECHERING DIRK G. , KOCHHÄUSER SIMON , BÖGEHOLZ NILS , GÜNER FATIH , LEITZ PATRICK , POTT CHRISTIAN , ECKARDT LARS 
Published: June 2016

Ranolazine and Vernakalant in Short QT SyndromeBackgroundRanolazine has been reported to have an antiarrhythmic potential. The aim of this study was to assess the electrophysiologic effects of ranolazine and to compare its effects to vernakalant in an experimental whole‐heart model of short‐QT syndrome.MethodsRabbit hearts were isolated and Langendorff‐perfused. After obtaining baseline data, pinacidil, an IKATP channel opener, was administered (1 μM).ResultsEndo‐ and epicardial monophasic action potentials and a 12‐lead ECG showed a significant abbreviation of QT interval (− 34 milliseconds, P < 0.05) and action potential duration (APD90; − 31 milliseconds, P < 0.05). This was accompanied by a reduction of effective refractory period (ERP; − 32 milliseconds, P < 0.05). Subsequently, hearts were additionally perfused with ranolazine (10 μM, n = 12) or vernakalant (10 μM, n = 14). Ranolazine led to an increase of QT‐interval (+ 29 milliseconds, P < 0.05), APD90 (+ 18 milliseconds, P < 0.05) and ERP (+ 28 milliseconds, P < 0.05) as compared with sole pinacidil treatment. Similar results were observed under the influence of vernakalant (APD90: + 25 milliseconds, QT‐interval: + 34 milliseconds, ERP: + 31 milliseconds).Under the influence of pinacidil, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was inducible by a standardized pacing protocol including programmed stimulation and aggressive burst stimulation in 8 of 12 hearts (ranolazine group, 34 episodes) and 7 of 14 hearts (vernakalant group, 24 episodes). Additional infusion of ranolazine (1 of 12 hearts, 1 episode) or vernakalant (1 of 14 hearts, 3 episodes) led to a significant suppression of VF.ConclusionIn the present pharmacologic model of short QT syndrome treatment with pinacidil led to an increased inducibility of VF in association with a reduction in ERP. Additional treatment with ranolazine or vernakalant reversed this effect and demonstrated potent antiarrhythmic properties based on an increase of ERP.
Questions and answers in chronic urticaria: where do we stand and where do we go?
Authors: Maurer M. , Church M. K. , Marsland A. M. , Sussman G. , Siebenhaar F. , Vestergaard C. , Broom B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis supplement reports proceedings of the second international Global Urticaria Forum, which was held in Berlin, Germany in November 2015. In 2011, a report of the GA2LEN task force on urticaria outlined important and unanswered questions in chronic urticaria (CU). These included, but were not limited to, questions on the epidemiology and course of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) [also called chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU)], the resources allocated for the diagnosis and treatment of CSU, whether patients with angioedema as an isolated symptom can be regarded as a subgroup of CSU, and the efficacy and long‐term safety of therapies. Many of these questions have been addressed by recent studies. Some of the answers obtained raise new questions. Here, we summarize some of the key insights on CU obtained over recent years, and we discuss old and new unmet needs and how to address them with future studies. We need to analyze the influence of recent advances in understanding of the burden of CU on patients and society, disease management and the CU patient journey. Our increased understanding of urticarial pathophysiology and consideration of the patient as a whole will need to be translated to better treatment algorithms and protocols. Actions to address these challenges include the 5th International Consensus Meeting on Urticaria, which will take place later this year. The formation of a global network of Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence over the next few years has also been proposed, with the aim of providing consistent excellence in urticaria management and a clear referral route, furthering knowledge of urticaria through additional research and educating/promoting awareness of urticaria.
Effect of Chitosan Edible Coating Enriched with Eucalyptus Essential Oil and α‐Tocopherol on Silver Carp Fillets Quality During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Valipour Kootenaie Faranak , Ariaii Peiman , Khademi Shurmasti Dariush , Nemati Mahrokh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effects of chitosan coating incorporated with eucalyptus essential oil and α‐tocopherol on the quality of silver carp fillet during chilled storage (4 + 1°C) were examined over a period of 16 days. The control samples (without any coating), chitosan coating (CH), chitosan coating incorporated with eucalyptus essential oil (CH+EEO) and chitosan coating incorporated with eucalyptus essential oil and α‐tocopherol (CH+EEO+α) were analyzed by chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. Results showed that, total viable counts, total psychrotrophic counts and total volatile basic nitrogen of CH+EEO and CH+EEO+α were significantly lower than control and CH (P ≤ 0.05). Addition of α‐tocopherol to EEO retarded lipid oxidation. According to the sensory analysis results, CH+EEO+α was acceptable even at the end of the 16‐day storage. The results indicated that chitosan coating was improved extending of meat shelf life. Using eucalyptus essential oil and α‐tocopherol increased its efficiency significantly.Practical ApllicationsFresh fish are usually more perishable than most other muscle foods. Many attempts have been made to prevent the spoilage of fresh fish. To avoid the use of synthetic food additives, numerous studies are currently focused on using natural products to improve the quality of sea food products. The results of the present study report the efficacy of chitosan edible coating enriched with eucalyptus essential oil and α‐tocopherol as a new natural preservative for developing the shelf life of silver carp fillets.
Avoid falling for a jerk(ette): Effectiveness of the Premarital Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge Program among Emerging Adults
Authors: Bradford Kay , Stewart J. Wade , Pfister Roxane , Higginbotham Brian J. 
Published: June 2016

Premarital education may help emerging adults form healthy relationships, but evaluation research is needed, particularly with community samples. We studied emerging adults in the Premarital Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge (PICK) program, using a pre‐ to post‐ and a posttest‐then‐retrospective‐pretest design to examine change in perceived relationship skills, partner selection, relational patterns, and relationship behaviors and attitudes. Mixed models analyses showed that scores for the treatment group (n = 682) increased from pre to post on all four outcomes. Changes in scores for the nonequivalent comparison group (n = 462) were nonsignificant. In addition, significant differences between pre‐ and retrospective prescores demonstrated evidence for response shift bias. The results suggest that the PICK program helps participants increase their knowledge regarding the components of healthy relationship formation.
Women's Experiences Being Diagnosed With Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dekker Rebecca L. , Morton Christine H. , Singleton Paula , Lyndon Audrey 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionCardiovascular disease has been identified as the leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States, with cardiomyopathy, including peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), accounting for 12% to 16% of all pregnancy‐related deaths. The purpose of this study was to describe women's experiences being diagnosed with PPCM.MethodsThis investigation was conducted using a qualitative design. We collected publicly available narratives posted by 92 women with PPCM (mean [SD] age 29 [6] years, mean [SD] ejection fraction 25.5 [10.8]%) in 3 online support groups. Data were coded and thematically organized so as to produce a richly detailed account of this experience.ResultsThe experience of diagnosis was marked by the women's distinct memories of their initial symptoms and whether they were dismissed or taken seriously. The most commonly reported symptoms were extreme shortness of breath, orthopnea, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain, cough, and edema. Nearly 40% of women experienced symptom dismissal by health care providers. One‐fourth of women were initially given inaccurate diagnoses ranging from “new mom anxiety” to asthma. Women described their initial reaction to diagnosis as feeling terrified, devastated, and feeling a sense of doom. Women had difficulty caring for their newborns during the postpartum period, and they struggled with the medical advice they received to not get pregnant again.DiscussionDespite experiencing severe subjective and objective symptoms, nearly 40% of women with PPCM experienced symptom dismissal by health care providers, in part due to the overlap between normal symptoms of pregnancy or the postpartum period and symptoms of heart failure.
The pharmacological potential of Phyllanthus niruri
Authors: Lee Nathanael Y S , Khoo William K S , Adnan Mohammad Akmal , Mahalingam Tanes Prasat , Fernandez Anne R , Jeevaratnam Kamalan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Phyllanthus niruri is a traditional shrub of the genus Phyllanthaceae with long-standing Ayurvedic, Chinese and Malay ethnomedical records. Preliminary studies from cell and animal model have provided valuable scientific evidence for its use.

Aim
This review aims to summarize selected scientific evidence on the pharmacological properties of P. niruri over the past 35 years while identifying potential areas of further development of this herb as an economical adjunct.

Methods
The review covers literature pertaining to the evidence base therapeutic potential of P. niruri spanning from 1980 to 2015 available on PubMed.

Results
Evidence suggests that the extracts of P. niruri possess hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-urolithiatic and antihyperuricaemic properties due its novel bioactive compounds.

Conclusion
Scientific evidence suggests that there is strong pharmacological potential in developing P. niruri as a drug to be used in liver disorders and in antiviral therapy. Despites this, large-scale heterogeneity in study protocol and unstandardized reporting standards limit the ability for valuable comparison and may mask the ability to replicate these studies. Thus interpretation of findings should be performed with caution and further studies should be performed in line with best practices. More cheminformatics, toxicological and mechanistic studies would aid the progress to clinical trial studies.
LC-MS analysis of Hep-2 and Hek-293 cell lines treated with Brazilian red propolis reveals differences in protein expression
Authors: da Silva Frozza Caroline O , da Silva Brum Emyle , Alving Anjali , Moura Sidnei , Henriques João A P , Roesch-Ely Mariana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective
Red propolis, an exclusive variety of propolis found in the northeast of Brazil has shown to present antitumour activity, among several other biological properties. This article aimed to help to evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the potential anticancer effects of red propolis on tumour, Hep-2, and non-tumour cells, Hek-293.

Methods
Differentially expressed proteins in human cell lines were identified through label-free quantitative MS-based proteomic platform, and cells were stained with Giemsa to show morphological changes.

Key findings
A total of 1336 and 773 proteins were identified for Hep-2 and Hek-293, respectively. Among the proteins here identified, 16 were regulated in the Hep-2 cell line and 04 proteins in the Hek-293 line. Over a total of 2000 proteins were identified under MS analysis, and approximately 1% presented differential expression patterns. The GO annotation using Protein Analysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships classification system revealed predominant molecular function of catalytic activity, and among the biological processes, the most prominent was associated to cell metabolism.

Conclusion
The proteomic profile here presented should help to elucidate further molecular mechanisms involved in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by red propolis, which remain unclear to date.
Hot melt extrusion as an approach to improve solubility, permeability and oral absorption of a psychoactive natural product, piperine
Authors: Ashour Eman A , Majumdar Soumyajit , Alsheteli Abdulla , Alshehri Sultan , Alsulays Bader , Feng Xin , Gryczke Andreas , Kolter Karl , Langley Nigel , Repka Michael A 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective
The aims of the current research project were to investigate the efficiency of various polymers to enhance the solubility and increase the systemic absorption of piperine using hot melt extrusion technology.

Methods
Piperine 10–40% w/w and Eudragit® EPO/Kollidon® VA 64 or Soluplus® were mixed, and the resulting blends were extruded using a twin-screw extruder (Process 11, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Drug release profiles and piperine solubility studies of the extrudates were evaluated. A non-everted intestinal sac was employed for the most promising formulation, 10% w/w piperine/Soluplus®, and pure piperine to study the permeability characteristics.

Key Findings
Dissolution studies demonstrated enhancement in piperine per cent release of 10% and 20% w/w piperine/Soluplus® extrudates up to 95% and 74%, respectively. The solubility of 10% and 20% piperine/Soluplus® increased more than 160- and 45-fold in water, respectively. Furthermore, permeability studies demonstrated the enhancement in piperine absorption of 10% w/w piperine/Soluplus® extrudates up to 158.9 μg/5 ml compared with pure piperine at 1.3 μg/5 ml within 20 min.

Conclusion
These results demonstrated that increasing the bioavailability of piperine may be achieved as demonstrated by findings in this study.
Dexamethasone – PAMAM dendrimer conjugates for retinal delivery: preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Yavuz Burçin , Bozdağ Pehlivan Sibel , Sümer Bolu Burcu , Nomak Sanyal Rana , Vural İmran , Ünlü Nurşen 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective
Ocular diseases affecting retina, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are the major causes of blindness, and their treatment is still a challenge due to the special structure of the eye. The purpose of this study was to prepare a sustained release DEX conjugate formulation with enhanced ocular permeation using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and to evaluate the effects of conjugation on DEX release and ocular residence time.

Methods
PAMAM G3.5 and PAMAM G4.5 dendrimers were used to prepare DEX conjugates, and conjugation was confirmed using 1H-NMR. Formulations were evaluated in terms of drug release in the presence of ocular enzymes and cytotoxicity on ARPE19 cell lines. Fluorotron analysis was performed and ocular pharmacokinetic properties of DEX–PAMAM conjugates were studied in Sprague Dawley rats following intravitreal and subconjunctival applications.

Key Findings
The results indicated that DEX–PAMAM conjugates were able to enhance ocular permeability and ocular tissue levels of DEX following subconjunctival injection, and results were encouraging when compared to the literature that has reported DEX getting cleared from vitreous in 3 h.

Conclusion
Current studies are focused on formulation improvement to enhance hydrolysis and clearance time.
Population genomics of sexual and asexual lineages in fissiparous ribbon worms (Lineus, Nemertea): hybridization, polyploidy and the Meselson effect
Authors: Ament‐Velásquez S. L. , Figuet E. , Ballenghien M. , Zattara E. E. , Norenburg J. L. , Fernández‐Álvarez F. A. , Bierne J. , Bierne N. , Galtier N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractComparative population genetics in asexual vs. sexual species offers the opportunity to investigate the impact of asexuality on genome evolution. Here, we analyse coding sequence polymorphism and divergence patterns in the fascinating Lineus ribbon worms, a group of marine, carnivorous nemerteans with unusual regeneration abilities, and in which asexual reproduction by fissiparity is documented. The population genomics of the fissiparous L. pseudolacteus is characterized by an extremely high level of heterozygosity and unexpectedly elevated πN/πS ratio, in apparent agreement with theoretical expectations under clonal evolution. Analysis of among‐species allele sharing and read‐count distribution, however, reveals that L. pseudolacteus is a triploid hybrid between Atlantic populations of L. sanguineus and L. lacteus. We model and quantify the relative impact of hybridity, polyploidy and asexuality on molecular variation patterns in L. pseudolacteus and conclude that (i) the peculiarities of L. pseudolacteus population genomics result in the first place from hybridization and (ii) the accumulation of new mutations through the Meselson effect is more than compensated by processes of heterozygosity erosion, such as gene conversion or gene copy loss. This study illustrates the complexity of the evolutionary processes associated with asexuality and identifies L. pseudolacteus as a promising model to study the first steps of polyploid genome evolution in an asexual context.