bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origin of Chinese domestic horses revealed with novel mtDNA variants
Authors: Yang Yunzhou , Zhu Qiyun , Liu Shuqin , Zhao Chunjiang , Wu Changxin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe origin of domestic horses in China was a controversial issue and several hypotheses including autochthonous domestication, introduction from other areas, and multiple‐origins from both introduction and local wild horse introgression have been proposed, but none of them have been fully supported by DNA data. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of 714 Chinese indigenous horses were analyzed. The results showed that Chinese domestic horses harbor some novel mtDNA haplogroups and suggested that local domestication events may have occurred, but they are not the dominant haplogroups and the geographical distributions of the novel mtDNA haplogroups were rather restricted. Conclusively, our results support the hypothesis that the domestic horses in China originated from both the introduced horses from outside of China and the local wild horses' introgression into the domestic populations. Results of genetic diversity analysis suggested a possibility that the introduced horses entered China through northern regions from the Eurasian steppe.
Being human today: A digital storytelling pedagogy for transcontinental border crossing
Authors: Stewart Kristian , Gachago Daniela 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article reports the findings of a collaborative digital storytelling project titled “Being Human Today,” a multimodal curricular initiative that was implemented simultaneously in both a South African and an American university classroom in 2015. By facilitating dialogue and the sharing of digital stories by means of a closed Facebook group, instructors were able to investigate students’ critical awareness and social consciousness regarding notions of “self” and “other” across continents. Case study methodology was applied as a research framework to collect, code, and triangulate data gathered from student‐driven texts, Facebook entries, and student‐produced digital stories. Framed by Giroux's border pedagogy and set within social justice education, findings provide evidence of our students’ desire to be connected to each other, both locally and abroad, which we found to be the heart of what it means to be human today. Further, data revealed how sharing stories as cultural and personal artifacts worked to demystify notions of otherness in both local and global contexts. In particular, the comparison of personal stories shared in this space allowed for critique and a raised awareness of how students are impacted by global hegemonic discourses. Implications of practice for this study include breaking down the barriers‐both real and imagined‐as they relate to how educators conceive the use of technology in classroom spaces and student engagement across continents.
Residual disease detected by flow cytometry is an independent predictor of survival in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia; results of the NOPHO‐AML 2004 study
Authors: Tierens Anne , Bjørklund Elizabeth , Siitonen Sanna , Marquart Hanne Vibeke , Wulff ‐Juergensen Gitte , Pelliniemi Tarja‐Terttu , Forestier Erik , Hasle Henrik , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Lausen Birgitte , Jonsson Olafur G. , Palle Josefine , Zeller Bem , Fogelstrand Linda , Abrahamsson Jonas 
Published: April 2016

Early response after induction is a prognostic factor for disease outcome in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Residual disease (RD) detection by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) was performed at day 15 and before consolidation therapy in 101 patients enrolled in the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haemato‐Oncology AML 2004 study. A multicentre laboratory approach to RD analysis was used. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was significantly different in patients with and without RD at both time points, using a 0·1% RD cut‐off level. RD‐negative and ‐positive patients after first induction showed a 5‐year EFS of 65 ± 7% and 22 ± 7%, respectively (P < 0·001) and an OS of 77 ± 6% (P = 0·025) and 51 ± 8%. RD‐negative and ‐positive patients at start of consolidation therapy had a 5‐year EFS of 57 ± 7% and 11 ± 7%, respectively (P < 0·001) and an OS of 78 ± 6% and 28 ± 11%) (P < 0·001). In multivariate analysis only RD was significantly correlated with survival. RD before consolidation therapy was the strongest independent prognostic factor for EFS [hazard ratio (HR):5·0; 95% confidence interval (CI):1·9–13·3] and OS (HR:7·0; 95%CI:2·0–24·5). In conclusion, RD before consolidation therapy identifies patients at high risk of relapse in need of intensified treatment. In addition, RD detection can be performed in a multicentre setting and can be implemented in future trials.
No significant effect of cannabis use on the count and percentage of circulating CD4 T‐cells in HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients (ANRS CO13‐HEPAVIH French cohort)
Authors: Marcellin Fabienne , Lions Caroline , Rosenthal Eric , Roux Perrine , Sogni Philippe , Wittkop Linda , Protopopescu Camelia , Spire Bruno , Salmon‐Ceron Dominique , Dabis François , Carrieri Maria Patrizia ,   HEPAVIH ANRS CO13 Study Group*
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite cannabis use being very common in patients co‐infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), its effect on these patients' immune systems remains undocumented. Documenting the potential effect of cannabis use on HIV immunological markers would help caregivers make more targeted health recommendations to co‐infected patients. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between cannabis use and peripheral blood CD4 T‐cell measures in co‐infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.Design and MethodsCannabis use was assessed using annual self‐administered questionnaires in 955 patients (2386 visits) enrolled in the ANRS CO13‐HEPAVIH cohort. The effect of cannabis use on circulating CD4 T‐cell count and percentage was estimated using multivariate linear regression models with generalised estimating equations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted after excluding visits where (i) tobacco use and (ii) smoking >=10 tobacco cigarettes/day were reported.ResultsAt the first visit, 48% of patients reported cannabis use during the previous four weeks, and 58% of these patients also smoked ≥10 tobacco cigarettes/day. After multiple adjustment, cannabis use was not significantly associated with either circulating CD4 T‐cell count [model coefficient (95% confidence interval): 0.27 (−0.07; 0.62), P = 0.12] or percentage [−0.04 (−0.45; 0.36), P = 0.83]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings show no evidence for a negative effect of cannabis use on circulating CD4 T‐cell counts/percentages in HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients. In‐depth immunological studies are needed to document whether cannabis has a harmful effect on CD4 levels in lungs and on cells' functional properties. [Marcellin F, Lions C, Rosenthal E, Roux P, Sogni P, Wittkop L, Protopopescu C, Spire B, Salmon‐Ceron D, Dabis F, Carrieri MP, HEPAVIH ANRS CO13 Study Group. No significant effect of cannabis use on the count and percentage of circulating CD4 T‐cells in HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients (ANRSCO13‐HEPAVIH French cohort). Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:227–238]
Findings and lessons learnt from implementing Australia's first health service based take‐home naloxone program
Authors: Chronister Karen J. , Lintzeris Nicholas , Jackson Anthony , Ivan Mihaela , Dietze Paul M. , Lenton Simon , Kearley John , van Beek Ingrid 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOpioid overdose prevention programs providing take‐home naloxone have been expanding internationally. This paper summarises findings and lessons learnt from the Overdose Prevention and Emergency Naloxone Project which is the first take‐home naloxone program in Australia implemented in a health care setting.MethodsThe Project intervention provided education and take‐home naloxone to opioid‐using clients at Kirketon Road Centre and The Langton Centre in Sydney. The evaluation study examined uptake and acceptability of the intervention; participants' knowledge and attitudes regarding overdose and participants' experience in opioid overdose situations six months after the intervention. Participants completed baseline, post‐training and follow‐up questionnaires regarding overdose prevention and management which were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsEighty‐three people participated in the intervention, with 35 (42%) completing follow‐up interviews—51% reporting using naloxone with 30 overdoses successfully reversed. There were significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes immediately following training with much retained at follow‐up, particularly regarding feeling informed enough (97%) and confident to inject naloxone (100%).DiscussionTake‐home naloxone programs can be successfully implemented in Australian health settings. Barriers to uptake, such as lengthy processes and misperceptions around interest in overdose prevention, should be addressed in future program implementation.
‘The ones that turn up are the ones that are responsible’: Key stakeholders perspectives on liquor accords
Authors: Curtis Ashlee , Miller Peter , Droste Nicolas , McFarlane Emma , Martino Florentine , Palmer Darren 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsLiquor accords were introduced as an intervention to reduce alcohol‐related harm in and around licensed venues. There have been very few evaluations of the accords, made all the more difficult given the multitude of measures that are often implemented under their banner. This study provides perspectives on the effectiveness of the liquor accords from key stakeholders who were involved in the strategy.Design and MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 97 key stakeholders as part of a larger study, of which 46 spoke about the effectiveness of liquor accords. Responses were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsStakeholders reported the greatest benefit of liquor accords to be their ability to improve communication. Many stakeholders recognised the need for mandatory attendance and discussed whether the accords are a waste of time of resources. Stakeholders did not generally view liquor accords as effective means of reducing alcohol‐related harm.DiscussionThere was a lack of positive feedback about liquor accords provided by stakeholders, indicating a clear need to better understand the role of liquor accords, and what they aim to achieve. Responsive regulation theory suggests that the dual roles of communication and intervention are confused, leading to some of the inherent problems with accords.ConclusionsThe role and aims of liquor accords need to be clearly defined. The findings suggest that separating the communication and regulatory functions from accords will lead to a clearer role for accords, and interventions and regulation might be better placed in the hands of regulators and enforcement. [Curtis A, Miller P, Droste N, McFarlane E, Martino F, Palmer D. ‘The ones that turn up are the ones that are responsible’: Key stakeholders perspectives on liquor accords.Drug Alcohol Rev2016;35:273–279]
Exploring Biotic and Abiotic Determinants of Nest Size in Mediterranean Great Tits (Parus major) and Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
Authors: Lambrechts Marcel M. , Blondel Jacques , Bernard Cyril , Caro Samuel P. , Charmantier Anne , Demeyrier Virginie , Doutrelant Claire , Dubuc‐Messier Gabrielle , Fargevieille Amélie , de Franceschi Christophe , Giovannini Pablo , Grégoire Arnaud , Hurtrez‐Boussès Sylvie , Lucas Annick , Mainwaring Mark C. , Marrot Pascal , Mennerat Adèle , Perret Samuel , Perret Philippe 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStandardized long‐term multi‐plot investigations of variation in nest size in free‐ranging model species are rare, despite their value for understanding how the environment influences plastic traits such as nest size. Here, we report the results of an 18‐yr descriptive study of nest size in first clutches produced by secondary‐cavity nesting great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in the Mediterranean, whilst also taking individual (lay‐date, clutch size, age, species) and environmental characteristics (e.g. weather, oak habitat, region) into account. Nests of both species were built in relatively small standardized boxes erected in habitat patches that differed in the presence of the dominant oak species which was either summergreen deciduous or evergreen sclerophyllous. Nest size showed strong differences between species, and also in relation to environmental factors. Great tits built smaller nests than blue tits, Corsican birds had larger nests than mainland ones, nests tended to be larger in evergreen oak‐habitat, and larger nests were built during drier weather. None of the individual‐specific traits most often considered in long‐term studies (lay‐date, clutch size, and female age) were related to nest size in either species. Experimental approaches will be required to identify the underlying mechanisms that caused the observed phenotypic diversity for nest size in our study system.
The effect of seasonality upon the development of lotic biofilms and microbial biostabilisation
Authors: Schmidt Holger , Thom Moritz , King Lydia , Wieprecht Silke , Gerbersdorf Sabine U. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Fine sediments (fine sands or silts) are significantly impacted by microbial biostabilisation. This process complicates precise modelling solutions for sediment dynamics and management strategies for riverine sediment. The present publication investigates the effect of seasonality upon biostabilisation.

In total, five straight flume experiments with fluvial water were performed during spring, summer and autumn under identical boundary conditions. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), microbial biomass and microbial community composition of the developing biofilms were analysed. In addition, biofilm adhesiveness was measured.

Highest biostabilisation occurred during spring (up to six times greater than during autumn) and coincided with maximal EPS production – especially extracellular proteins indicating the essential role of adhesive proteins for the stability of the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, not biomass but microbial community composition significantly differed between seasons. For instance, during minimal biostabilszation in autumn, the diatom community was dominated by the motile diatoms Nitzschia fonticola and Nitzschia dissipata var. dissipata. Concurrently, the highest rates of change within the bacterial community were detected. This suggests a disruptive impact of diatom movement upon the biofilm matrix and overall biofilm stability.

These findings emphasise the importance of detailed analyses of the microbial community and demonstrate the complex interactions of distinct biofilm features influencing the functionality of the overall biofilm system.
Increase in benthic trophic reliance on methane in 14 French lakes during the Anthropocene
Authors: Belle Simon , Millet Laurent , Lami Andrea , Verneaux Valérie , Musazzi Simona , Hossann Christian , Magny Michel 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Lakes play a key role in the regulation of the global carbon cycle. However, their functioning can be strongly impacted by anthropogenic pressures and climate variability. Understanding the response of the carbon cycle to environmental changes remains a crucial, elusive goal for both ecosystem managers and aquatic ecologists. In particular, the relations among lake physical and chemical properties, landscape structure and lake carbon cycling must be studied to predict future trends in lake functioning.

Sediment cores were collected from the deepest part of 14 small French lakes that differed in lake properties (elevation, conductivity, area, area of the watershed) and land‐use class (forest, wetland, agricultural land and urban area). The sampling strategy employed the top‐bottom approach (a comparison between present‐day conditions and ‘reference’ conditions at Medieval period, c. AD 1000). For each sample, the following variables were analysed: isotopic carbon composition of sedimentary organic carbon (δ13COM), δ13C of chironomid remains (δ13CHC), and sedimentary pigments (total carotenoids, TC).

Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the size of the catchment area may affect δ13COM values for the Medieval samples (R2 = 0.36, P < 0.05), such that the flux of terrestrial organic matter increases with the size of the watershed. However, this relation is not observed in the present‐day samples, and the influence apparently becomes largely anthropogenic. For these present‐day samples, the proportion of agricultural land in the watershed appears to be the primary driver of lake biogeochemical cycles through a direct effect on nutrient availability (R2 = 0.24, P < 0.05) and through an indirect effect on the benthic carbon cycle. The results also confirm the widespread existence of a pathway for methane‐derived carbon contribution to chironomid biomass (up to 61% of chironomid biomass) and suggest that high‐conductivity lakes are highly sensitive to the presence of this pathway (more than 75% of the lakes in our dataset have benthic food webs apparently dependent on biogenic methane; CH4).

The results may indicate that the high‐conductivity lakes (from the Jura Mountains) are more vulnerable to anthropogenic activities than low‐conductivity lakes because high‐conductivity water provides an excellent nutritive medium for the development of photoautotrophic production. Studying within‐lake CH4 dynamics and the response of the CH4 cycle in high‐conductivity lakes appear to be crucial for understanding both regional carbon budgets and lake trophic functioning.
Proposal of a predictive model for advanced fibrosis containing Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2‐binding protein in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroki , Takata Ryo , Enomoto Hirayuki , Yoh Kazunori , Kishino Kyohei , Shimono Yoshihiro , Iwata Yoshinori , Hasegawa Kunihiro , Nakano Chikage , Nishimura Takashi , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Naoto , Takashima Tomoyuki , Ishii Akio , Iijima Hiroko , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: April 2016

AimWe aimed to construct a predictive model for advanced fibrosis containing Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2‐binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) level in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and to validate its accuracy in an independent cohort.MethodsA total of 386 patients with CHC were retrospectively analyzed. For the purpose of this study, we formed a training set (n = 210) and a validation set (n = 176). In the training set, we investigated variables linked to the presence of advanced fibrosis using univariate and multivariate analyses. We constructed a formula for predicting advanced fibrosis and validated its accuracy in the validation cohort. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was carried out for calculating the area under the ROC (AUROC).ResultsIn multivariate analyses, WFA+‐M2BP (P = 0.029) and prothrombin time (PT) (P = 0.018) were found to be significant predictive factors linked to the presence of advanced fibrosis; platelet count (P = 0.098) and hyaluronic acid (P = 0.078) showed borderline statistical significance for the presence of advanced fibrosis. Using these four variables (with the initials MPPH), we constructed the following formula: MPPH score = −3.584 − (0.275 × WFA+‐M2BP) + (0.068 × platelet count) + (0.042 × PT) − (0.005 × hyaluronic acid). In the training and validation sets, MPPH score yielded the highest AUROCs (0.87 and 0.83) for predicting advanced fibrosis among eight serum liver fibrosis markers. Similarly, in the training and validation sets, MPPH score had the highest diagnostic accuracies for predicting advanced fibrosis among eight serum variables (81.4% and 74.4%).ConclusionOur proposed MPPH scoring system can be useful for predicting advanced fibrosis in patients with CHC.
From Materia Medica to the Pharmacopoeia: Challenges of Writing the History of Drugs in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Nandini 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHistorians of indigenous medicine in colonial India have looked more closely at the changes, reinventions and reformulations of institutions of Ayurveda and Unani than at the cognitive content of the drugs themselves. The few historians who have examined the changing content of indigenous medicines have conceptualised the creation of materia medica of Indian drugs through two tropes: one of circulation (of specific drugs) through epistemological and geographic boundaries and the second, of marginalisation of certain other drugs either through a lack of textual legitimacy or the lack of the newly discovered ‘active principles’ within each drug. While these approaches have been useful, there is a case to be made for understanding the creation of formularies of Indian drugs in 19th and 20th centuries through the prism of medical praxis in India.
Technology in the British Industrial Revolution
Authors: Tomory Leslie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTechnology and technological innovation has been one of the crucial features of the historiography of the Industrial Revolution. In the early nineteenth century, this focus on the “machinery question”, or the effects that machines had on the condition of labourer. Around 1900 academic historians began to explore the nature and causes of technological innovation, with Max Weber's thesis being the most influential. In the postwar period, optimistic assessment saw the technological creativity of the Industrial Revolution as crucial turning point in the history of Western economic growth. The period after 1970 has seen much broader fields of inquiry, including in product innovation, proto‐industrialization, and in industries outside the canonical group of cotton, iron, and steam engines.
‘Orientalismis a Partisan Book’: Applying Edward Said's Insights to Early Modern Travel Writing
Authors: Roddan Hector 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSince its publication in 1978, Edward Said'sOrientalismhas had a significant impact on postcolonial studies in a range of fields. This paper assesses his impact on the historiography of Anglophone travel writing concerning Ottoman Empire during the early modern period. Said's analysis of the relationship between representational power and colonial authority remains relevant to our understanding of early modern travel texts.Said's epistemology raises significant issues for historians of early modern intercultural encounters. This article summarises recent debates surrounding early modern travel narratives. It contrasts doctrinaire applications of Said's theory with more recent, particularistic studies. It provides a much‐needed survey of travel writing historiography that considers the continuing impact of Said's postcolonial thought on the study of early modern travel narratives relating to the Ottoman Middle East.In so doing, it explores the lack of fit between early modern travel narratives and Said's methodology. I explore the methodological problems thrown up by conventional applications of Said's epistemology to precolonial travellers' texts. Based on a wide‐ranging survey of Said's oeuvre, the article demonstrates that, more than 30 years on, Said's work remains relevant to the historiographical challenges presented by early modern English travel writing about Islam.