bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social mobility beliefs and attitudes toward redistribution: Potential explanatory mechanisms
Authors: Matamoros‐Lima Juan , Galdi Silvia , Moya Miguel , Willis Guillermo B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEconomic inequality is a significant problem of modern society, and redistributive policies are one of the most effective tools for reducing it. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of social mobility to understand attitudes toward redistribution. Across three preregistered studies (N = 2475; one cross‐sectional and two experimental) in different countries (Italy and Spain), we investigated the relationship between upward and downward societal mobility beliefs and attitudes toward redistribution, as well as potential explanatory mechanisms. Results showed that when people believe that it is easy to improve the socioeconomic status in their society, they oppose redistributive policies; conversely, when people believe that is difficult, they support redistributive policies. Importantly, meritocratic beliefs explained the upward mobility effect on redistribution, and perceived personal economic risks accounted for the downward mobility effect. Implications of these results for the design of policies to reduce economic inequality are discussed.
Recurrence and resistance risk factors in low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Branco-Silva Mariza , Maestá Izildinha , Horowitz Neil , Elias Kevin , Seckl Michael , Berkowitz Ross 
Published: October 2024

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a group of rare but highly curable pregnancy‐related tumors, especially in low-risk cases. However, around 25% of patients with GTN develop either resistant or recurrent disease after initial chemotherapy. To enhance the understanding of the mechanisms driving treatment failures and to develop more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies, this review explored diverse factors influencing low-risk GTN prognosis. These factors include FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) risk score, histology, patient age, pregnancy type, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, disease duration, tumor characteristics, metastasis, Doppler ultrasonography, and consolidation chemotherapy. Additionally, the review examined independent risk determinants for disease recurrence and resistance to single-agent chemotherapy in patients with low-risk GTN. In most previous studies on the risk factors related to low-risk GTN, resistance and recurrence have typically been examined independently, despite their overlapping and interrelated nature. Furthermore, they often involve small sample sizes, suffer from methodological shortcomings, and exhibit limited statistical power.Studies utilizing multivariate analysis have shown that independent risk determinants for resistance to first-line treatment include FIGO score, metastatic disease, pre-treatment hCG level, interval between antecedent pregnancy and GTN diagnosis, tumor size, uterine artery pulsatility index (UAPI), choriocarcinoma, lung metastases, lung nodule size, and clearance hCG quartile. The independent predictive factors associated with recurrence include lung metastases, lung nodule size, interval between antecedent pregnancy and chemotherapy, interval from first chemotherapy to hCG normalization, post-delivery low-risk GTN, number of chemotherapy courses to achieve hCG normalization, and number of consolidation chemotherapy cycles. However, while these identified predictive factors offer valuable guidance, the variability in definitions and populations across studies may have implications for the generalizability of their findings. A comprehensive approach using clear definitions and taking into account multiple predictive factors may be necessary for accurately assessing the risk of resistance and recurrence in patients with low-risk GTN.
Double-mixing CP violation in B decays
Authors: Song Wen-Jie , Shen Yin-Fa , Qin Qin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study a long-overlooked CP violation observable, termed double-mixing CP violation, which arises from the interference between two neutral meson oscillating paths involved in a decay chain. The double-mixing CP violation is beneficial for the precise test of the Standard Model CKM mechanism, as it offers the potential to extract weak phases without pollution from strong dynamics. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the double-mixing CP violation, we perform phenomenological analyses on the cascade decays of the $$B^0_d$$

B
d
0

and $$B^0_s$$

B
s
0

mesons. Our results show that the double-mixing CP violation can be very significant in certain decay channels, such as $$B^0_d \rightarrow J/\psi K \rightarrow J/\psi (\pi ^+\ell ^-{\bar{\nu }}_\ell )$$

B
d
0

→
J
/
ψ
K
→
J
/
ψ

(

π
+

ℓ
-

ν

¯

ℓ

)

, where the total CP violation arises almost entirely from the double-mixing CP violation. In addition, we employ the decay process $$B^0_d \rightarrow D^0 K \rightarrow (K^-\pi ^+)(\pi \ell \nu )$$

B
d
0

→

D
0

K
→

(

K
-

π
+

)

(
π
ℓ
ν
)

to demonstrate that the involved strong and weak phases can be directly determined from the experimental data without any theoretical inputs. Specifically, the overall weak phase of this process is $$2\beta +\gamma $$

2
β
+
γ

, which is of significant importance for extracting the CKM phase angles. We also use $$B^0_s \rightarrow \rho ^0 K \rightarrow \rho ^0(\pi ^-\ell ^+\nu _\ell )$$

B
s
0

→

ρ
0

K
→

ρ
0

(

π
-

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

)

to illustrate and discuss the significant importance of $$K^0_S - K^0_L$$

K
S
0

-

K
L
0

interference.
Disentangling the development of collective flow in high energy proton proton collisions with a multiphase transport model
Authors: Zheng Liang , Liu Lian , Lin Zi-Wei , Shou Qi-Ye , Yin Zhong-Bao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the collective flow development in high energy proton proton (pp) collisions with a multiphase transport model (AMPT) based on PYTHIA8 initial conditions with a sub-nucleon structure. It is found that the PYTHIA8 based AMPT model can reasonably describe both the charged hadron productions and elliptic flow experimental data measured in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$

s

=
13

TeV. By turning on the parton and hadron rescatterings in AMPT separately, we find that the observed collective flow in pp collisions is largely developed during the parton evolution, while no significant flow effect can be generated with the pure hadronic rescatterings. It is also shown that the parton escape mechanism is important for describing both the magnitude of the two-particle cumulant and the sign of the four-particle cumulants. We emphasize that the strong mass ordering of the elliptic flow results from the coalescence process in the transport model and can thus be regarded as unique evidence related to the creation of deconfined parton matter in high energy pp collisions.
Time delay of light in the gravitational lensing of supermassive black holes in dark matter halos
Authors: Qiao Chen-Kai , Su Ping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe dark matter halo has non-negligible effects on the gravitational lensing of supermassive black hole in the galaxy center. Our work presents a study on the time-delay of light in gravitational lensing of black holes enclosed by dark matter halos. To provide a precise description on the distribution of dark matter in galaxies, we choose several famous phenomenological dark matter halo models in astrophysics, including the NFW, Beta, Burkert and Moore models, to carry out the present study. Through numerically calculating the time-delay of light in gravitational lensing, a comparative analysis of the dark matter effects within different halo models has been performed. Assuming typical length scales associated with the galactic gravitational lensing, numerical results indicate that the NFW, Beta, Burkert and Moore dark matter halos can significantly enhance the time delay of light in gravitational lenisng of central supermassive black holes. The enhancing effect becomes more pronounced with a small dark matter halo scale and an increasing dark matter halo mass.
On the stability of electrovacuum space-times in scalar–tensor gravity
Authors: Bronnikov Kirill A. , Bolokhov Sergei V. , Skvortsova Milena V. , Ibadov Rustam , Shaymanova Feruza Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the behavior of static, spherically symmetric solutions to the field equations of scalar–tensor theories (STT) of gravity belonging to the Bergmann–Wagoner–Nordtvedt class, in the presence of an electric and/or magnetic charge. This class of theories includes the Brans–Dicke, Barker and Schwinger STT as well as nonminimally coupled scalar fields with an arbitrary parameter $$\xi $$
ξ
. The study is restricted to canonical (nonphantom) versions of the theories and scalar fields without a self-interaction potential. Only radial (monopole) perturbations are considered as the most likely ones to cause an instability. The static background solutions contain naked singularities, but we formulate the boundary conditions in such a way that would preserve their meaning if a singularity is smoothed, for example, due to quantum gravity effects. These boundary conditions look more physical than those used by other authors. Since the solutions of all STT under study are related by conformal transformations, the stability problem for all of them reduces to the same wave equation, but the boundary conditions for perturbations (and sometimes the boundaries themselves) are different in different STT, which affects the stability results. The stability or instability conclusions are obtained for different branches of solutions in the theories under consideration and are presented in a table form.
Assessing the Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 in Operative Dentistry and Endodontics: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Snigdha Niher Tabassum , Batul Rumesa , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Adil Abdul Habeeb , Dawasaz Ali Azhar , Hameed Mohammad Shahul , Mehta Vini , Noorani Tahir Yusuf 
Published: October 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence is an innovative technology that mimics human cognitive capacities and has gathered the world’s attention through its vast applications in various fields.Aim: This study is aimed at assessing the effects of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 on the validity, reliability, and authenticity of standard assessment techniques used in undergraduate dentistry education.Methodology: Twenty questions, each requiring a single best answer, were selected from two domains: 10 from operative dentistry and 10 from endodontics. These questions were divided equally, with half presented with multiple choice options and the other half without. Two investigators used different ChatGPT accounts to generate answers, repeating each question three times. The answers were scored between 0% and 100% based on their accuracy. The mean score of the three attempts was recorded, and statistical analysis was conducted.Results: No statistically significant differences were found between ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 in the accuracy of their responses. Additionally, the analysis showed high consistency between the two reviewers, with no significant difference in their assessments.Conclusion: This study evaluated the performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 in answering questions related to endodontics and operative dentistry. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the two versions, indicating comparable response accuracy. The consistency between reviewers further validated the reliability of the assessment process.
Distribution of the Quill Mite Bubophilus aluconis Parasitising Western Palaearctic Owls Belonging to the Genus Strix
Authors: Kwieciński Zbigniew , Kosicki Jakub Z. , Skoracki Maciej 
Published: October 2024

Background: The paper presents the results of studies on the distribution of the parasitic quill mite species Bubophilus aluconis (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) in the feather quills of the Western Palaearctic owls of the genus Strix, that is, tawny owl S. aluco, collected in Poland and Sweden, the Ural owl S. uralensis, from Poland, Sweden, and Finland, and the great grey owl S. nebulosa, from Sweden and Finland. The two latter species are new hosts for B. aluconis.Methods: Feather samples of the tawny owl, Ural owl, and great grey owl used in this study come from Prof. Marian Cieślak’s private collection, which contains feathers of Western Palearctic birds of prey and owls. Each of the 77 tawny owl, 75 Ural owl, and 55 great grey owl specimens are represented either by whole dry wings or a full complement of flight feathers (primaries (P) and secondaries (S)) and tails (rectrices (R)). Particular types of feathers were coded as follows: Ps, Ss, R, primary greater upperwing coverts (PGUppC), secondary greater upperwing coverts (SGUppC), primary greater underwing coverts (PGUndrC), secondary greater underwing coverts (SGUndrC), uppertail coverts (UppTC), and undertail coverts (UndrTC).Results: The prevalence was relatively low for all of the examined birds, that is, 12% for S. uralensis (N = 79), 2.6% for S. aluco (N = 77), and 3.6% for S. nebulosa (N = 55). In total, we examined 37,260 flight feathers and coverts. The mite B. aluconis occupied only the inner S of the tawny owl, secondary greater under and upperwing coverts of the great grey owl, and inner Ss, primary and secondary upperwing coverts, UndrTC, and coverts from the scapulars of the Ural owl.Conclusion: We hypothesise that the absence of these parasites in the examined P, S, and R suggests that these feather types might be unsuitable for the mites due to their thick quill walls, preventing successful feeding.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid for Trans Intestinal Cholesterol Excretion Stimulation: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Oostveen Reindert F. , Kaiser Yannick , Hartgers Merel L. , Meessen Emma C. E. , Grefhorst Aldo , Hovingh G. Kees , Kuipers Folkert , Stroes Erik S. G. , Groen Albert K. , Reeskamp Laurens F. 
Published: October 2024

Background
The trans intestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) pathway is a potential therapeutic target to reduce plasma low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. TICE encompasses the direct excretion of cholesterol by enterocytes into feces. In mice, TICE has been shown to be stimulated by a hydrophilic bile acid pool, resulting in increased fecal neutral sterol loss and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. We investigated whether treatment with a hydrophilic bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), would increase fecal neutral sterols in humans as a proxy for TICE.

Methods and Results

We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial in 20 male participants aged >18 years, with plasma LDL cholesterol levels ≥2.6 mmol/L. After a run‐in period of ezetimibe 20 mg once daily for 3 weeks, patients were randomized to UDCA 600 mg or placebo orally once daily for 2 weeks. After a 3 week washout, patients underwent the alternate treatment. At baseline, mean (SD) age, body mass index, and plasma LDL cholesterol were 59±11.3 years, 26.4±3.1 kg/m
2
, and 3.9±0.8 mmol/L, respectively. After UDCA treatment, the plasma bile acid hydrophobicity index was reduced compared with placebo (−118.7% versus +2.3%,
P
<0.001). The fecal neutral sterols did not change (−5.8% versus +18.8%,
P
=0.51) and treatment with UDCA increased LDL cholesterol with 0.39 mmol/L (+8.1% versus −3.64%,
P
=0.002) when compared with placebo.

Conclusions
UDCA in combination with ezetimibe increased plasma bile acid hydrophilicity in healthy subjects with LDL cholesterol levels >2.6 mmol/L but did not result in increased fecal neutral sterols or decreased LDL cholesterol. This suggests that TICE is not stimulated by an increase in the hydrophilicity of the bile acid pool in humans.
Early Renal Outcomes Following Heart Transplantation Using Organs Procured After Circulatory Death
Authors: Zhou Joyce C. , Sise Meghan E. , Drezek Kamila , Wolfe Stanley B. , Osho Asishana A. , Prario Monica N. , Rabi S. Alireza , Michel Eriberto , Tsao Lana , Coglianese Erin , Doucette Meaghan , Newton‐Cheh Christopher , Thomas Sunu , Ton Van‐Khue , Sutaria Nilay , Schoenike Mark W. , Christ Anastasia M. , Paneitz Dane C. , Villavicencio Mauricio , Madsen Joren C. , Pierson Richard , Lewis Gregory D. , D'Alessandro David A. , Zlotoff Daniel A. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Transplantation using hearts obtained through donation after circulatory death (DCD) is increasing, but data on recipient renal outcomes are limited.

Methods and Results

Patients at a single institution who underwent heart transplantation using organs procured through DCD or donation after brain death (DBD) from April 2016 to August 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Hemodynamic measures were collected via right heart catheterization performed 1 week after transplantation. Posttransplantation renal outcomes included estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 16 weeks, and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal replacement therapy within 1 week. The analysis included 225 patients (55 recipients of DCD). Baseline characteristics were comparable between recipients of DCD and DBD. Renal outcomes within 1 week posttransplantation in recipients of DCD were similar to recipients of DBD, including percent change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (−37.9% [−58.6 to −6.2] versus −31.9% [−52.4 to −9.9];
P
=0.91), incidence of AKI (47.3% versus 46.5%;
P
>0.99) and incidence of renal replacement therapy (3.6% versus 4.7%;
P
>0.99). Recipients of DCD with AKI within 1 week (“early AKI”) did not recover to baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (75.8 [60.2–91.3] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
) by week 16 (59.3 [46.9–73.6] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
;
P
=0.002), whereas recipients without early AKI exhibited comparable estimated glomerular filtration rate to baseline by week 4 (84.5 [70.8–98.5] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
;
P
=0.084). Similar trends were observed in recipients of DBD.

Conclusions
Recipients of DCD demonstrated similar renal outcomes compared with recipients of DBD, supporting the ongoing use of DCD transplantation. Early AKI was associated with persistent renal dysfunction for recipients of both DCD and DBD.
Predictive Value of Life's Crucial 9 for Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study From the NHANES 2007 to 2018
Authors: Ge Jinzhuo , Peng Wenyao , Lu Jiapeng 
Published: October 2024

Background
The predictive value of Life's Crucial 9 (LC9), a recently proposed cardiovascular health risk score combining psychological health and Life's Essential 8 (LE8), remains unclear.

Methods and Results

In this cohort study, we included 16 290 adults without cardiovascular disease from the 2007 to 2018 cycles of NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The LC9 was the mean of the LE8 score and the depression score, which represented a dimension of psychological health. The study outcomes were cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the association of LC9 and LE8 scores with outcomes. The differences in Harrell's concordance index, net reclassification improvement index, and integrated discrimination improvement were calculated to assess the predictive ability of the depression score in addition to the LE8 score. During a median follow‐up of 7.08 years, 879 (5.40%) participants died, and 242 (1.49%) died from cardiovascular disease. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of per LE8 10‐score increase for cardiovascular mortality was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72–0.88;
P
<0.001) and the adjusted HR of per LC9 10‐score increase was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.69–0.86;
P
<0.001). Adding the depression score to the LE8 score, the improvement in concordance index for cardiovascular mortality was 0.001 (95% CI, −0.001 to 0.003;
P
=0.30), the net reclassification improvement index was 10.6% (95% CI, −7.6% to 18.9%;
P
=0.073), and the IDI was 0.002 (95% CI, 0.000–0.007;
P
=0.033). The results for all‐cause mortality showed similar patterns.

Conclusions
Compared with the LE8, the improvement in the predictive value of LC9 was negligible. It may not be necessary to add a depression score to the current cardiovascular health score.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Visual Memory Search
Authors: Williams Lauren H. , Wiegand Iris , Lavelle Mark , Wolfe Jeremy M. , Fukuda Keisuke , Peelen Marius V. , Drew Trafton 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In everyday life, we frequently engage in ‘hybrid’ visual and memory search, where we look for multiple items stored in memory (e.g., a mental shopping list) in our visual environment. Across three experiments, we used event-related potentials to better understand the contributions of visual working memory (VWM) and long-term memory (LTM) during the memory search component of hybrid search. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that the FN400 (an index of LTM recognition) and the CDA (an index of VWM load) increased with memory set size (target load), suggesting that both VWM and LTM are involved in memory search, even when target load exceeds capacity limitations of VWM. In Experiment 3, we used these electrophysiological indices to test how categorical similarity of targets and distractors affects memory search. The CDA and FN400 were modulated by memory set size only if items resembled targets. This suggests that dissimilar distractor items can be rejected before eliciting a memory search. Together, our findings demonstrate the interplay of VWM and LTM processes during memory search for multiple targets.
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Motivation and Decision-making
Authors: Yee Debbie M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Motivation is often thought to enhance adaptive decision-making by biasing actions toward rewards and away from punishment. Emerging evidence, however, points to a more nuanced view whereby motivation can both enhance and impair different aspects of decision-making. Model-based approaches have gained prominence over the past decade for developing more precise mechanistic explanations for how incentives impact goal-directed behavior. In this Special Focus, we highlight three studies that demonstrate how computational frameworks help decompose decision processes into constituent cognitive components, as well as formalize when and how motivational factors (e.g., monetary rewards) influence specific cognitive processes, decision-making strategies, and self-report measures. Finally, I conclude with a provocative suggestion based on recent advances in the field: that organisms do not merely seek to maximize the expected value of extrinsic incentives. Instead, they may be optimizing decision-making to achieve a desired internal state (e.g., homeostasis, effort, affect). Future investigation into such internal processes will be a fruitful endeavor for unlocking the cognitive, computational, and neural mechanisms of motivated decision-making.