bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Reactivity to Psychological Stress in Young Adults and Cognition in Midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Ning Hongyan , Reis Jared P. , Lewis Cora E. , Launer Lenore J. , Bryan R. Nick , Yaffe Kristine , Sidney Stephen , Albanese Emiliano , Greenland Philip , Lloyd‐Jones Donald , Liu Kiang 
Published: January 2016

Background

The classic view of blood pressure (
BP
) reactivity to psychological stress in relation to cardiovascular risks assumes that excess reactivity is worse and lower reactivity is better. Evidence addressing how stress‐induced
BP
reactivity in young adults is associated with midlife cognitive function is sparse.

Methods and Results

We assessed
BP
reactivity during a star tracing task and a video game in adults aged 20 to 32 years. Twenty‐three years later, cognitive function was assessed with use of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (a psychomotor speed test), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (a verbal memory test), and the modified Stroop test (an executive function test). At the time of follow‐up, participants (n=3021) had a mean age of 50.2 years; 56% were women, and 44% were black. In linear regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics including baseline and follow‐up resting
BP
, lower systolic
BP
(
SBP
) reactivity during the star tracing and video game was associated with worse Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores (β [
SE
]: 0.11 [0.02] and 0.05 [0.02], respectively) and worse performance on the Stroop test (β [
SE
]: −0.06 [0.02] and −0.05 [0.02]; all
P
<0.01).
SBP
reactivity was more consistently associated than diastolic
BP
reactivity with cognitive function scores. The associations between
SBP
reactivity and cognitive function were mostly similar between blacks and whites.

Conclusions

Lower psychological stress‐induced
SBP
reactivity in younger adults was associated with lower cognitive function in midlife.
BP
reactivity to psychological stressors may have different associations with target organs in hypertension.
From Positivity to Negativity Bias: Ambiguity Affects the Neurophysiological Signatures of Feedback Processing
Authors: Gibbons Henning , Schnuerch Robert , Stahl Jutta 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Previous studies on the neurophysiological underpinnings of feedback processing almost exclusively used low-ambiguity feedback, which does not fully address the diversity of situations in everyday life. We therefore used a pseudo trial-and-error learning task to investigate ERPs of low- versus high-ambiguity feedback. Twenty-eight participants tried to deduce the rule governing visual feedback to their button presses in response to visual stimuli. In the blocked condition, the same two feedback words were presented across several consecutive trials, whereas in the random condition feedback was randomly drawn on each trial from sets of five positive and five negative words. The feedback-related negativity (FRN-D), a frontocentral ERP difference between negative and positive feedback, was significantly larger in the blocked condition, whereas the centroparietal late positive complex indicating controlled attention was enhanced for negative feedback irrespective of condition. Moreover, FRN-D in the blocked condition was due to increased reward positivity (Rew-P) for positive feedback, rather than increased (raw) FRN for negative feedback. Our findings strongly support recent lines of evidence that the FRN-D, one of the most widely studied signatures of reinforcement learning in the human brain, critically depends on feedback discriminability and is primarily driven by the Rew-P. A novel finding concerned larger frontocentral P2 for negative feedback in the random but not the blocked condition. Although Rew-P points to a positivity bias in feedback processing under conditions of low feedback ambiguity, P2 suggests a specific adaptation of information processing in case of highly ambiguous feedback, involving an early negativity bias. Generalizability of the P2 findings was demonstrated in a second experiment using explicit valence categorization of highly emotional positive and negative adjectives.
Suicidal behaviours: Prevalence estimates from the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Zubrick Stephen R , Hafekost Jennifer , Johnson Sarah E , Lawrence David , Saw Suzy , Sawyer Michael , Ainley John , Buckingham William J 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To (1) estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behaviours in Australian young people aged 12–17 years, (2) describe their co-morbidity with mental illness and (3) describe the co-variation of these estimates with social and demographic variables. Method: A national random sample of children aged 4–17 years was recruited in 2013–2014. The response rate to the survey was 55% with 6310 parents and carers of eligible households participating. In addition, of the 2967 young people aged 11–17 years in these households, 89% (2653) of the 12- to 17-year-olds completed a self-report questionnaire that included questions about suicidal behaviour. Results: In any 12-month period, about 2.4% or 41,400 young people would have made a suicide attempt. About 7.5% of 12- to 17-year-olds report having suicidal ideation, 5.2% making a plan and less than 1% (0.6%) receiving medical treatment for an attempt. The presence of a mental disorder shows the largest significant association with lifetime and 12-month suicidal behaviour, along with age, gender, sole parent family status and poor family functioning. Of young people with a major depressive disorder, 19.7% reported making a suicide attempt within the previous 12 months. There are also significant elevations in the proportions of young people reporting suicidal behaviour who have anxiety and conduct disorders. Conclusion: Mental disorders should be a leading intervention point for suicide prevention both in the primary health sector and in the mental health sector specifically. The associations examined here also suggest that efforts to assist sole parent and/or dysfunctional families would be worthy areas in which to target these efforts.
Perioperative outcomes of video- and robot-assisted segmentectomies
Authors: Rinieri Philippe , Peillon Christophe , Salaün Mathieu , Mahieu Julien , Bubenheim Michael , Baste Jean-Marc 
Published: January 2016

Objective Video-assisted thoracic surgery appears to be technically difficult for segmentectomy. Conversely, robotic surgery could facilitate the performance of segmentectomy. The aim of this study was to compare the early results of video- and robot-assisted segmentectomies. Methods Data were collected prospectively on videothoracoscopy from 2010 and on robotic procedures from 2013. Fifty-one patients who were candidates for minimally invasive segmentectomy were included in the study. Perioperative outcomes of video-assisted and robotic segmentectomies were compared. Results The minimally invasive segmentectomies included 32 video- and 16 robot-assisted procedures; 3 segmentectomies (2 video-assisted and 1 robot-assisted) were converted to lobectomies. Four conversions to thoracotomy were necessary for anatomical reason or arterial injury, with no uncontrolled bleeding in the robotic arm. There were 7 benign or infectious lesions, 9 pre-invasive lesions, 25 lung cancers, and 10 metastatic diseases. Patient characteristics, type of segment, conversion to thoracotomy, conversion to lobectomy, operative time, postoperative complications, chest tube duration, postoperative stay, and histology were similar in the video and robot groups. Estimated blood loss was significantly higher in the video group (100 vs. 50 mL, p = 0.028). Conclusions The morbidity rate of minimally invasive segmentectomy was low. The short-term results of video-assisted and robot-assisted segmentectomies were similar, and more data are required to show any advantages between the two techniques. Long-term oncologic outcomes are necessary to evaluate these new surgical practices.
Should We be Worried About QTc Prolongation Using Citalopram? A Review
Authors: Hutton Lauren M. J. , Cave Andrew J. , St-Jean Renée , Banh Hoan Linh 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Summarize available information regarding clinical impact of citalopram on the QTc interval. Methods: A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases using the MeSH term “long QT syndrome” and key word “citalopram” on July 11, 2014. Results: Thirty-one studies were evaluated with 4 included in this review. Studies were excluded if they reported acute overdoses of citalopram or did not report on patient-specific risk factors for long QT syndrome (eg, hypokalemia, bradycardia, and increased age). The majority of the available data is derived from case reports. A number of confounders complicate the determination of a causal link between QTc prolongation and citalopram. Of the 4 studies included for review, none identified significant QTc prolongation in patients taking citalopram 20 to 60 mg daily without the patients having one or more patient-specific risk factors for prolonged QTc. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to establish a causal link between citalopram 20 to 60 mg orally daily and increased risk of TdP. Further research is required to determine the clinical impact and association between citalopram 20 to 60 mg daily and QTc prolongation.
Retrospective Analysis of the Medication Utilization and Clinical Outcomes of Patients Treated with Various Regimens for Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Trombatt William D. , Koerner Pamela H. , Craft Zoie N. , Miller Richard T. , Kamal Khalid M. 
Published: January 2016

Background: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common chronic blood-borne infection and the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States. There are approximately 3.2 million people currently infected with HCV in the United States. In late 2013, the introduction of sofosbuvir and simeprevir represented a critical advancement in the treatment of HCV by improving sustained virologic response (SVR) rates. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate medication utilization and clinical outcomes of patients with HCV who were treated with any Food and Drug Administration-approved combination of ribavirin, peginterferon products, simeprevir, and sofosbuvir. Methods: Prescription records and clinical assessment forms of patients who started HCV therapy and were eligible for SVR between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014, were retrospectively reviewed. Data collection included patient demographics, genotype, SVR, patient-reported adverse events, discontinuations, and adherence markers. Results: A total of 367 eligible patients were identified who had initiated treatment during the study period. Genotype 1 was the most common genotype, and an overall SVR rate of 86.9% was observed. Results were similar to those seen in phase III clinical trials. In addition, adverse events of these medications were more tolerable, and discontinuation rates were lower than with previous therapies.
Psychometric properties of the Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale
Authors: Papastavrou Evridiki , Charitou Paraskevi , Kouta Christiana 
Published: January 2016

Background: Maintaining dignity is important for successful aging, but there is lack of validated research instruments in the nursing literature to investigate dignity as perceived by the old people. Objective: This is a methodological study aiming to investigate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale as translated in the Greek language. Research design: A methodological approach consisting of translation, adaptation, and cross-cultural validation. A sample of 188 Greek-speaking old Cypriot persons drawn from the Hospital outpatient departments was asked to complete the Greek versions of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Data analyses included internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient), item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis using principal component method with orthogonal varimax rotation. Ethical considerations: The study protocol was approved by the National Bioethics committee according to the national legislation. Permission to use the research instrument was granted from the author. Information about the aim and the benefits of the study was included in the information letter. Findings: Cronbach’s alpha for Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale was 0.90. Four factors emerged explaining 65.28% of the total variance, and item to total correlation values ranged from 0.25 to 0.74 indicating high internal consistency and homogeneity. Mean item score in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living was 5.6 (standard deviation = 1.7) for men and 6.7 (standard deviation = 1.7) for women, and the correlations between demographics, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and the four factors of the Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale were low; also in multiple linear regression, the values of R2 are presented low. Discussion: Demographic characteristics and degree of functionality seem to be associated with some of the dimensions of dignity but with low correlations; therefore, they cannot predict attributed dignity. Conclusion: The Greek version of Jacelon Attributed Dignity Scale is a valid and reliable tool to measure attributed dignity in Greek-speaking older adults, but further testing of the psychometric properties and other potential factors that may affect the attributed dignity is needed.
Development of a Scale to Assess Physician Advance Care Planning Self-Efficacy
Authors: Baughman Kristin R. , Ludwick Ruth , Fischbein Rebecca , McCormick Kenelm , Meeker James , Hewit Mike , Drost Jennifer , Kropp Denise 
Published: January 2016

Background:Although patients prefer that physicians initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations, few physicians regularly do so. Physicians may be reluctant to initiate ACP conversations because they lack self-efficacy in their skills. Yet, no validated scale on self-efficacy for ACP exists. Our objective was to develop a scale that measures physicians’ ACP self-efficacy (ACP-SE) and to investigate the validity of the tool.Methods:Electronic questionnaires were administered to a random sample of family medicine physicians (n = 188). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the scale was multidimensional. An initial assessment of the scale’s validity was also conducted.Results:The exploratory factor analysis indicated that a single factor was appropriate using all 17 items. A single, unidimensional scale was created by averaging the 17 items, yielding good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.95). The average scale score was 3.94 (standard deviation = 0.71) on a scale from 1 to 5. The scale was moderately correlated with a global single-item measure of self-efficacy for ACP ( r = .79, P < .001), and the scale differentiated between physician groups based on how much ACP they were doing, how recently they had an ACP conversation, formal training on ACP, and knowledge of ACP. In a multivariate analysis, the ACP-SE scale was a strong predictor of the percentage of patients with chronic life-limiting diseases with whom the physician discussed ACP.Conclusion:The final ACP-SE scale included 17 items and demonstrated high internal consistency.
Desirable Information of Opioids for Families of Patients With Terminal Cancer
Authors: Okamoto Yoshiaki , Tsuneto Satoru , Morita Tatsuya , Takagi Tatsuya , Shimizu Megumi , Miyashita Mitsunori , Uejima Etsuko , Shima Yasuo 
Published: January 2016

Objective: The aims of this study are to clarify the state of information regarding opioids for families and what kinds of experiences they had with opioids while the patient was followed as an outpatient and inpatient. Participants: This study was part of a cross-sectional nationwide survey of bereaved families of patients with cancer, namely, the Japan Hospice and Palliative Care Evaluation 2 study. The participants in this study comprised 572 bereaved families who had experienced the death of a family member during the period from January 2008 to December 2009 at 1 of 103 certificated palliative care units. Main Outcome Measures: In response to the question of “how much improvement was needed for information regarding opioids,” 41% answered “improvement is not necessary at all,” 43% answered “improvement is slightly necessary,” 14% answered “improvement is necessary,” and 2% answered “improvement is extremely necessary.” Regarding anxiety about the use of opioid, it was found that 14% of respondents indicated “opioids are very safe,” 65% of respondents indicated “opioids are relatively safe,” 19% of respondents indicated “opioids are not so safe,” and 2% of respondents indicated “opioids are not so safe at all.” from the information obtained for opioids. It was found that 90% of families agreed with the item, “I would like to be clearly explained that drugs for medical purposes are safe and that the patient will not develop a drug addiction and their life expectancy will not be reduced.” Conclusion: From this study, it is important for families of patients with cancer to be explained profound and careful information of opioid.
Prolonged-release fampridine in multiple sclerosis: Improved ambulation effected by changes in walking pattern
Authors: Zörner Björn , Filli Linard , Reuter Katja , Kapitza Sandra , Lörincz Lilla , Sutter Tabea , Weller David , Farkas Melinda , Easthope Christopher S , Czaplinski Adam , Weller Michael , Linnebank Michael 
Published: January 2016

Background: Prolonged-release fampridine (PR-fampridine, 4-aminopyridine) increases walking speed in the timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW) in some patients (timed-walk responders) with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To explore the effects of PR-fampridine on different aspects of walking function and to identify associated gait modifications in subjects with MS. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase II study (FAMPKIN; clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01576354), subjects received a 6-week course of oral placebo or PR-fampridine treatment (10 mg, twice daily) before crossing over. Using 3D-motion-analysis, kinematic and kinetic parameters were assessed during treadmill walking (primary endpoint). Clinical outcome measures included T25FW, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and balance scales. Physical activity in everyday life was measured with an accelerometer device. Results: Data from 55 patients were suitable for analysis. Seventeen subjects were timed-walk responders under PR-fampridine. For the total study population and for responders, a significant increase in walking speed (T25FW) and distance (6MWT) was observed. Gait pattern changes were found at the single-subject level and correlated with improvements in the T25FW and 6MWT. Physical activity was increased in responders. Conclusion: PR-fampridine improves walking speed, endurance, and everyday physical activity in a subset of subjects with MS and leads to individual modifications of the gait pattern.
Observed callousness as a predictor of treatment outcomes in parent management training
Authors: Bjørnebekk Gunnar , Kjøbli John 
Published: January 2016

Background: The goal of this study was to examine how observed Callous–Unemotional (CU) behavior influenced change in externalized and internalized problems, hyperactivity, social competence, and treatment satisfaction following parent management training. Methods: Three hundred twenty-three children and their families received Parent Management Training—the Oregon model (PMTO). They were compared at intake and after treatment in order to examine differences in 14 treatment outcomes using hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Children with low levels of observed CU showed the greatest gains after PMTO treatment. This was evident in parent, therapist, self, and teacher reports. Conclusions: The results indicate that it is possible to observe CU behavior among children with conduct problems, and that children with elevated levels of observed CU behavior may be in need of additional treatment or components of treatment or more intense versions of parent management treatment.
Do physical environmental changes make a difference? Supporting person-centered care at mealtimes in nursing homes
Authors: Chaudhury Habib , Hung Lillian , Rust Tiana , Wu Sarah 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Drawing on therapeutic physical environmental design principles and Kitwood’s theoretical view of person-centered care, this study examined the impact of environmental renovations in dining spaces of a long-term care facility on residents’ mealtime experience and staff practice in two care units. Method The research design involved pre- and post-renovation ethnographic observations in the dining spaces of the care units and a post-renovation staff survey. The objective physical environmental features pre- and post-renovations were assessed with a newly developed tool titled Dining Environment Audit Protocol. We collected observational data from 10 residents and survey responses from 17 care aides and nurses. Findings Based on a systematic analysis of observational data and staff survey responses, five themes were identified: (a) autonomy and personal control, (b) comfort of homelike environment, (c) conducive to social interaction, (d) increased personal support, and (e) effective teamwork. Implications Although the physical environment can play an influential role in enhancing the dining experience of residents, the variability in staff practices reveals the complexity of mealtime environment and points to the necessity of a systemic approach to foster meaningful culture change.
Anatomy of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Authors: Gil Y. C. , Shin K. J. , Lee S. H. , Koh K. S. , Song W. C. 
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to provide a clear description of the course, precise branching pattern and distribution of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. A total of 36 hands from 18 preserved cadavers were dissected. The vertical distance from the pisoscaphoid line to the crossing points between the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and each metacarpal was about 4 cm. The deep branch of the ulnar nerve gave off two types of muscular branches: (1) trunks that innervate more than two intrinsic hand muscles; and (2) multiple separate branches innervating only a single muscle. The median numbers of trunks and separate branches were 5 and 6, respectively. Levels of Evidence: N/A