bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the Latent State-Trait Analysis to Decompose State, Trait,	and Error Components of the Self-Esteem Implicit Association	Test
Authors: Dentale Francesco , Vecchione Michele , Ghezzi Valerio , Barbaranelli Claudio 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. In the literature, self-report scales of Self-Esteem (SE) often showed a higher test-retest correlation and a lower situational variability compared to implicit measures. Moreover, several studies showed a close to zero implicit-explicit correlation. Applying a latent state-trait (LST) model on a sample of 95 participants (80 females, mean age: 22.49 ± 6.77 years) assessed at five measurement occasions, the present study aims at decomposing latent trait, latent state residual, and measurement error of the SE Implicit Association Test (SE-IAT). Moreover, in order to compare implicit and explicit variance components, a multi-construct LST was analyzed across two occasions, including both the SE-IAT and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Results revealed that: (1) the amounts of state and trait variance in the SE-IAT were rather similar; (2) explicit SE showed a higher consistency, a lower occasion-specificity, and a lower proportion of error variance than SE-IAT; (3) latent traits of explicit and implicit SE showed a positive and significant correlation of moderate size. Theoretical implications for the implicit measurement of self-esteem were discussed.
The Structural Validity of the Culture Fair Test Under Consideration	of the Item-Position Effect
Authors: Troche Stefan J. , Wagner Felicitas L. , Schweizer Karl , Rammsayer Thomas H. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Although all four subtests of Cattell’s Culture Fair Test (CFT) claim to measure inductive reasoning as a facet of fluid intelligence, previous studies indicated surprisingly weak correlations among them. In the present study, we applied a fixed-links modeling approach on CFT-20R data of 206 participants to control for the confounding influence of the item-position effect on test performance and to reevaluate the structural validity of the CFT-20R. Controlling for the item-position effect resulted in two latent variables representing inductive reasoning for CFT-20R subtests Series and Matrices and subtests Classifications and Topologies, respectively. Given the correlation of r = .61 between these two latent variables, the structural validity of the CFT-20R proved to be better than suggested by traditional correlations between test scores.
Interactive Book Reading to Accelerate Word Learning by Kindergarten Children With Specific Language Impairment: Identifying an Adequate Intensity and Variation in Treatment Response
Authors: Storkel Holly L. , Voelmle Krista , Fierro Veronica , Flake Kelsey , Fleming Kandace K. , Romine Rebecca Swinburne 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This study sought to identify an adequate intensity of interactive book reading for new word learning by children with specific language impairment (SLI) and to examine variability in treatment response.

Method
An escalation design adapted from nontoxic drug trials (Hunsberger, Rubinstein, Dancey, & Korn, 2005) was used in this Phase I/II preliminary clinical trial. A total of 27 kindergarten children with SLI were randomized to 1 of 4 intensities of interactive book reading: 12, 24, 36, or 48 exposures. Word learning was monitored through a definition task and a naming task. An intensity response curve was examined to identify the adequate intensity. Correlations and classification accuracy were used to examine variation in response to treatment relative to pretreatment and early treatment measures.

Results
Response to treatment improved as intensity increased from 12 to 24 to 36 exposures, and then no further improvements were observed as intensity increased to 48 exposures. There was variability in treatment response: Children with poor phonological awareness, low vocabulary, and/or poor nonword repetition were less likely to respond to treatment.

Conclusion
The adequate intensity for this version of interactive book reading was 36 exposures, but further development of the treatment is needed to increase the benefit for children with SLI.
Intracranial Ameloblastoma Arising from the Maxilla: An Interdisciplinary Surgical Approach
Authors: Koch Felix , Dinc Nazife , Lescher Stephanie , Baumgarten Peter , Harter Patrick , Scheerer Friedrich , Sader Robert , Seifert Volker , Marquardt Gerhard , Freiman Thomas , Quick-Weller Johanna 
Published: December 2016

Background Ameloblastomas are a rare tumor entity accounting for only 10% of all odontogenic tumors. They mostly originate from the mandible. Only a few cases are known to grow aggressively and to invade the orbit, nasal cavity, or even the brain.
Patient and Methods/Case Report We present the case of a 57-year-old patient who was admitted with a huge tumor involving the nasal cavity, the left maxilla, and the anterior fossa. Histologic diagnosis was made by biopsy. A combined two-stage neurosurgical maxillofacial approach was planned. First the intracranial tumor mass was removed using bifrontal trepanation. A duraplasty was sewn in to cover the brain. In the second procedure, a combined bifrontal and midfacial approach was used by craniofacial plastic surgeons and neurosurgeons. A perisinusoidal tumor mass and retropharyngeal tumor mass was removed up to the skull base. The left orbit was completely exenterated, and a fibular bone-muscle graft was used for palatal, orbital, and facial reconstruction. The facial vein and artery were carefully prepared to feed the bone-muscle graft by end-to-end anastomoses.
Conclusion Ameloblastomas are very rare slow-growing tumors that show a tendency to recur. They are responsible for only 1% of all oral tumors. Their growth can be enormous, and they can extend into sinusoidal cavities, the orbit, and the brain. Complex and extensive palliative surgery can ease the concerns of these patients and prolong their survival.
Selective Brain Cooling after Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Three Different Cooling Methods—Case Report
Authors: Nickl Robert , Koehler Stefan , Fricke Patrick , Stetter Christian , Rueckriegel Stefan , Ernestus Ralf-Ingo , Westermaier Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Background In experimental models of neuronal damage, therapeutic hypothermia proved to be a powerful neuroprotective method. In clinical studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI), this very distinct effect was not reproducible. Several meta-analyses draw different conclusions about whether therapeutic hypothermia can improve outcome after TBI. Adverse side effects of systemic hypothermia, such as severe pneumonia, have been held responsible by some authors to counteract the neuroprotective effect. Selective brain cooling (SBC) attempts to take advantage of the protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia without the adverse side effects of systemic hypothermia.
Methods Three different methods of SBC were applied in a patient who had severe TBI with recurrent increases of intracranial pressure (ICP) refractory to conventional forms of treatment: (1) external cooling of the scalp and neck using ice packs prior to hemicraniectomy, (2) external cooling of the craniectomy defect using ice packs after hemicraniectomy, and (3) cooling by epidural irrigation with cold Ringer solution after hemicraniectomy.
Results External scalp cooling before hemicraniectomy, external cooling of the craniectomy defect, and epidural irrigation with cold fluid resulted in temperature differences (brain temperature to body temperature) of − 0.2°, − 0.7°, and − 3.6°C, respectively. ICP declined with decreasing brain temperature.
Conclusion Previous external cooling attempts for SBC faced the problem that brain temperature could not be lowered without a simultaneous decrease of systemic temperature. After hemicraniectomy, epidural irrigation with cold fluid may be a simple and effective way to lower ICP and apply one of the most powerful methods of cerebroprotection after severe TBI.
Thematic Progression and Paragraph Development in the experimental Research paper
Authors: Nwogu Kevin Ngozi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMost technical and academic writing manuals attempt to instruct students on how to achieve a clear and readable discourse style. Very often, the instructions they provide are based on intuition rather than empirical research into authentic technical and experimental reports. This study presents an account of an investigation into the develop-ment of information in paragraphs in all section of an experimental research paper based on Danes (1970, 1974) functional theory of Thematic Progression (TP). The results show that TP correlates with the structure of text in the research paper and that different sections of the research paper tend to employ different TP patterns to develop the information they contain. This result is shown to have great im-plications for technical and academic writing.
Cross-Cultural Responses to Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Clyne Michael , Giannicos Connie , Neil Deborah 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper builds on ongoing research on communication in English between migrants of diverse backgrounds in Melbourne work-places. Subjects from various European and South-east Asian backgrounds were videoed responding to videoed role plays between European and South-east Asians based on instances of communication breakdown (apology, complaint, small talk) in our corpus. The paper discusses the differences in the mode of argumentation between the cultural groups. Special attention will be paid to the use and non-use of yes and no, the presentation and elaboration of arguments, identification of and with their own cultural styles, and the identification of and with their own work experience. Responses will be related to cultural value systems and the co-operative principle.
Code-Mixing as a Communication Strategy in the Speech of Zaïrean Students of English
Authors: Nsakala Lengo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The lack of balance between foreign language students' competence and the communicative demands imposed on them prompts them to resort to communication strategies, one of which is code-mixing. This strategy with Zaïrean students is mostly characterized by the influence of French (rather than their Zaïrean languages) on their English. Foreign language students should be advised to avoid code-mixing in their use of the target language, first because of its poor effect on the listener, and second because it may slow down the acquisition of the target language, instead of promoting it.
Automatic Extraction of Valency Information
Authors: Daugaard Jan , Kirchmeier-Andersen Sabine , Schøsler Lene 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The above research team has for the past 4 years been working on a database of valency schemes for 4,000 Danish verbs. First we present the underlying theoretical assumptions for the creation of valency schemes. Then the tools to perform automatic extraction of valency information from corpora are described. Finally, the results are presented.
Keywords: natural language parsing, Danish, lexical valency, the Pronominal Approach, corpus analysis.
Morphological Analysis of Dutch Medical Compounds and Derivations
Authors: Spyns Peter , De Wachter Lieve 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this article, the morphological parser used within the Dutch part of the MENELAS-project is described. The parser handles inflection, derivation and compounding. Its main characteristic is that it is specific for the medical sublanguage. The paper will focus on the architecture and the working principles of the parser and on the semi-automatic extension module for the lexicon. Some suggestions for improvement are made.
Attitudes Towards Received Pronunciation (RP) Among Nigerian Undergraduates
Authors: Ioratim-Uba G.A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Using undergraduates in two Nigerian Universities, namely the University of Ilorin and the University of Jos, we have examined attitudes towards Received Pronunciation (RP). Employing the multivariate theoretical trend, based on the social psychological approach as explicated by BAKER (1992), we have examined the extent of influence by instrumental, integrative and nationalistic judgements on those attitudes held toward RP by the undergraduates. The methodological devices used were the questionnaire, matched guise, and observation. Employing the chi-square statistical measure at an alpha critical value of <.05, the instrumental judgement was found to exert greater influence on the favourable attitudes expressed toward RP by the sampled undergraduates. This result seems to bear significant implications on the future of RP in Nigeria. RP is likely to linger on in Nigeria, playing both personal, sociolinguistic and educational roles.
Linguistic Problems Facing Arab Learners of English
Authors: Tushyeh Dr. Hanna Y. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the importance of error analysis, types of errors, and the major causes of errors in second or foreign language learning. The major portion of this paper is devoted to the linguistic problems faced by Arab learners of English as a foreign language. The paper then briefly deals with the linguistic interference from Arabic in the learning of English in the areas of spelling and pronunciation, vocabulary, and some selected syntactic features. The paper concludes by offering some pedagogical implications about error analysis.
Testing the acquisition of English productive and non-productive derivatives by native-Arabic speakers
Authors: Al-qadi Nassir Saleh 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Vocabulary development can be achieved by helping the foreign learner of English to acquire productivity and non-productivity in English derivation. In addition, the English productive derivatives should be given special attention in teaching to and learning by native-Arabic speakers because the Arabic language is a language of derivation and it is highly productive. This paper tests how the adult native-Arabic speakers learning English as a foreign language acquire English productive and non-productive derivatives. This will be done by comparing productivity in standard written Arabic and standard written English through contrastive analysis. The concept of contrastive analysis (CA) is initially called upon the fact that Arabic is a language of productive derivation while English is a language of more than one source of word-formation; borrowing, compounding and derivation. Moreover, productivity in English is not high. Secondly, morphology is subject to avoidance phenomenon by foreign learners. Hence, the predictive value of CA and also its testing in this paper should be very helpful for English teachers to native-Arabic speakers learning English and other foreign learners, language acquisition researchers, applied linguists, methodologists and textbook-writers.
Conversational Language Proficiency among International Students at the University Level
Authors: Lao Christy Y. , Krashen Stephen D. , Gribbons Barry C. , Schafrik-Arenault Janice , Michael William B. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A common assumption is that international students in English-speaking countries have well-developed competence in academic language, but have deficiencies in conversational language. This assumption is in contrast to the situation among limited English speaking children (CUMMINS, 1989). If true, this lack of conversational language is a problem; even if international students do not plan to reside in an English-speaking country after their studies are complete, the status of English today as a world language means that professionals in many fields need to be able to interact with colleagues on an informal basis.
L2 Processing of Dutch regular and irregular Verbs
Authors: Lalleman Josine A. , van Santen Ariane J. , van Heuven Vincent J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDo Ll and (advanced) L2 speakers of Dutch employ distinct processes — rule application for regulars and lexical lookup for irregulars — when producing Dutch past tense forms? Do L2 speakers of a language that observes the same dual conjugation system as in Dutch (e.g. English, German) produce Dutch past tenses by a different process (i.e. more like that of Ll speakers) than learners of Dutch with a different Ll verb system (e.g. Japanese and Chinese)? We studied the on-line past tense production performance of Ll speakers and of advanced L2 speakers of Dutch varying relative past tense frequency of regular and irreg-ular Dutch verbs. Performance proved slower and less accurate with both Ll and L2 speakers for irregular verbs with relatively low past tense frequency. No frequency effects were found for regular verbs. The results were qualitatively the same for English/German and for Japanese/Chinese L2 speakers, with a striking tendency to overgeneralize the regular past tense formation. We conclude that the mental representation of the Dutch past tense rule is essentially the same for Ll and L2 language users.
My blood, my Nation
Authors: Omoniyi Tope 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Identity is an important phenomenon both in traditional and in modern Africa. Before the advent of colonialism, people and communities were identified largely by ethnicity within a political framework. However, within each of the ethnic units, there were other parameters by which people were sub-categorised such as family, ancestral trade/calling, Many language attitude studies have investigated the relative popularity of competing languages in multi-ethnic and multilingual mainstream societies (GREENFIELD 1968, LAMBERT et al. 1975, GILES et al. 1983). In post-colonial Africa focus is on the competition between the languages of complex ethnic societies and erstwhile kingdoms now yoked together as one. In communities which straddle the continents' arbitrarily fixed international political boundaries, attitudes have been established as expressing the political alignments and preferred identities of their residents (OMONIYI, B. 1994). This paper will attempt to demonstrate that the language attitudes of members of borderland communities are also expressions of their identities which are variable. The data upon which the discussion will be based come from the Idiroko/Igolo border on Nigeria's southwestern frontier with Benin. Sociolinguistics, Boundaries, Bilateral, Language Politics, Identity.
Factors in the Acquisition of the Present Subjunctive in Spanish
Authors: Stokes Jeffery , Krashen Stephen , Kartchner John 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
University level students of Spanish were tested on their (acquired) competence in the subjunctive. Free reading in Spanish was a significant predictor of subjunctive competence, but length of residence in a Spanish-speaking country, formal study, and specific study of the subjunctive were not significant predictors. These results are consistent with previous research on free reading in English as a first and second language.
Strategies of constructing meaning
Authors: Jung Min Sur 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study examines the linguistic structures and processes through which news reports about a political issue in South Korea serve to propagate specific ideologies. Critical linguistic analysis is used as the theoretical and analytical framework to examine news reports about the North Korean nuclear threat to South Korea in the New York Times and the Korea Herald. Through a comparative analysis of two newspapers, it illustrates how the linguistic structures and processes in news discourse combine to produce particular meanings which construct ideological representations of social reality by establishing an 'us vs. them' dichotomy from their own particular ideological position. This study makes two contributions. First, it contributes to the development of a theoretical and methodological framework which is capable of revealing the ideological underpinning of news texts. Second, this study demonstrates the ideological role of language within news discourse as an apparatus for molding attitudes and value-systems in readers. This study has an implication for teaching language awareness of the constructive and functional nature of language in general and news discourse in particular in and out of a school setting, (key words : critical linguistic analysis, language awareness, language and ideology, naturalization, propagation)
Corpus analysis and pragmatics
Authors: Luzón Marco María José 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Fail to belongs to a type of verbal structures which are in a syntactic construction with other verbs (e.g. fail to win) and which have meanings related to aspect or modality. In this paper we used the COBUILD corpus to analyse the discursive function of fail to and the meaning it adds to the verbal group where it occurs. The paper shows that with regard to function fail to is more similar to auxiliaries than to lexical verbs. Fail to is used in positive clauses to deny an expectation, which explains its association with non-durative aspect and with the modality meanings "non-achievement" and "unfulfilled obligation", and in rhetorical questions and negative clauses it is used to express the speaker's strong commitment to the certainty of a proposition.
Local and ENS Rating of EFL Composition
Authors: Alharbi Lafi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper reports on an empirical examination of the effect of instructors' formal training, professional experience, culturo-linguistic background, and exposure to the local context on the evaluation of EFL composition. A total of 106 English-native and Arabic-native instructors, with varying academic training, teaching experience, and exposure to the local context of EFL instruction, evaluated the language, the contents, and the rhetorical structures of two EFL compositions - written by Arabic-native speakers - using 10-point scales.
Findings show that instructor's culturo-linguistic background was evidently the most influential factor on the evaluation of EFL composition. Instructor 's exposure to the local Arabic context of EFL instruction testified to confirm this effect.
With respect to the effect of instructor's teaching experience on the evaluation of EFL composition, the findings reveal that expe-rienced instructors appear to be more rigid in their evaluation of EFL composition than their less experienced counterparts. The effect of instructor's formal training on the evaluation of EFL composition is generally inconsistent.
Word order variation in French interrogative structures
Authors: Dewaele Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Inter-individual variation in the use of direct interrogative structures (N = 450) is explored in a corpus of spoken native and non-native French. A quantitative analysis of the data reveals that while non-native speakers seem to avoid non-standard structures, they do not use more formal variants systematically. Comparison with data from other native and non-native corpora reveals important differences in the frequency of particular interrogative structures. The choice of interrogative structure seems to be influenced by a number of situational, pragmatic and socio-stylistic variables.