bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave-Induced Sediment Motion Beyond the Surf Zone: Case Study of Lubiatowo (Poland)
Authors: Cerkowniak Grzegorz R. , Ostrowski Rafał , Stella Magdalena 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of field and theoretical investigations of a natural sandy shore located near the IBW PAN Coastal Research Station in Lubiatowo (Poland, the south Baltic Sea). The study site displays multi-bar cross-shore profiles that intensively dissipate wave energy, mostly by breaking. The main field data comprise offshore wave parameters and three cross-shore bathymetric profiles. Waveinduced nearbed velocities and bed shear stresses are theoretically modelled for weak, moderate, strong and extreme storm conditions to determine sediment motion regimes at various locations on the seaward boundary of the surf zone. The paper contains a discussion on the depth of closure concept, according to which the offshore range of sea bottom changes can be determined by the extreme seasonal deep-water wave parameters.
Kinetic and Kinematic Differences in a Golf Swing in One and Both Lower Limb Amputees
Authors: Stastny Petr , Maszczyk Adam , Tománková Kristina , Kubový Petr , Richtrová Michaela , Otáhal Jakub , Čichoň Rostislav , Mostowik Aleksandra , Żmijewski Piotr , Cięszczyk Paweł 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Amputee golfers need to cope with the absence of sole proprioception, a decreased range of swing motion and other factors which should be recognized for training purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the kinetic and kinematic differences in the golf swing in one leg and two legs amputees. The participants consisted of two males and one female at a professional or amateur level with a different degree of disability. Each participant was taped by 3D markers and performed five golf swings with the iron 6. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) did not vary between individuals in kinematics, however, it was low in kinetic variables of two leg amputees. The Kendal rank correlation showed a significant relationship between the level of amputation and a large number of kinetic and kinematic variables such as X factor, O factor, S factor and individual body angles. The fluency and similarity of the golf swing did not depend on the level of amputation. One lower limb amputation did not seem to increase movement variability contrary to two lower limb amputation. The most variable parameter was a weight-shift in all golfers. The takeaway and horizontal force angle depended on the level of amputation rather than individual technique, thus, their modification by training may be difficult. Estimation of golf swing „mistakes“ in amputees in respect to the leading arm in an early follow or late follow position appeared to be useless.
Effects of Krankcycle Training on Performance and Body Composition in Wheelchair Users
Authors: Čichoň Rostislav , Maszczyk Adam , Stastny Petr , Uhlíř Petr , Petr Miroslav , Doubrava Ondřej , Mostowik Aleksandra , Gołaś Artur , Cieszczyk Paweł , Żmijewski Piotr 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Innovation in training equipment is important for increasing training effectiveness, performance and changes in body composition, especially in wheelchair users with paraplegia. The main objective of a workout session is to induce an adaptation stimulus, which requires overload of involved muscles by voluntary effort, yet this overload may be highly influenced by the size of the spinal cord lesion. Krancykl construction is designed to allow exercise on any wheelchair and with adjustable height or width of crank handles, where even the grip handle may be altered. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in body composition, performance and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in paraplegics with a different level of paralyses after a 12 week training programme of a unilateral regime on Krankcycle equipment (a crank machine). The study sample included four men and one women at a different spine lesion level. The 12 weeks programme was successfully completed by four participants, while one subject got injured during the intervention process. Three participants were paraplegics and one was quadriplegic with innervation of the biceps humeri, triceps humeri and deltoideus. The Krankcycle 30 min programme was followed by four other exercises, which were performed after themselves rather than in a circuit training manner as the latter would result in much longer rest periods between exercises, because paraplegics have to be fixed by straps during exercise on hydraulic machines. The RPE after the workout decreased following the twelve week adaptation period.
Sports Injuries in Wheelchair Rugby – A Pilot Study
Authors: Bauerfeind Joanna , Koper Magdalena , Wieczorek Jacek , Urbański Piotr , Tasiemski Tomasz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze etiology and the incidence of sports injuries among wheelchair rugby players. Moreover, we verified if the levels of aggressiveness and anger presented by the athletes and their roles in the team influenced the incidence and severity of the injuries. The study involved 14 male players, members of the Polish National Wheelchair Rugby Team. During a 9-month period, the athletes participated in up to 9 training camps and 4 Wheelchair Rugby tournaments. The study was based on the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale, registry of sports injuries consulted and non-consulted with a physician and a demographic questionnaire. The following observations were made during the 9-month period corresponding to a mean of 25 training and tournament days: 1) wheelchair rugby players experienced primarily minor injuries (n=102) that did not require a medical intervention, 2) only four injuries needed to be consulted by a physician, 3) sports injuries occurred more frequently among offensive players than in defensive players, 4) offensive players showed a tendency to higher levels of anger and aggressiveness than defensive players. It can be concluded that wheelchair rugby is a discipline associated with a high incidence of minor injuries that do not require a medical intervention. The incidence rate of injuries during the analyzed period was 0.3 per athlete per training day.
Toward flexible optical networks with Transport-SDN
Authors: Szyrkowiec Thomas , Autenrieth Achim , Elbers Jörg-Peter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Software-Defined Networking and network virtualization are current
topics in networks research. An increased flexibility on the optical
layer and demands for more dynamic bandwidth control make them
candidates to transform optical networking as well. This paper reviews
the general concepts, recent progress and open issues toward SDN
controlled flexible optical networks.
The real-time rendering of subdivision surfaces using hardware tessellation
Authors: Nießner Matthias 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In the last decade, computer-generated images have become a vital and integral part of our everyday lives.
The quality of these images depends considerably on the geometric representation of the underlying virtual 3D environments. Subdivision surfaces, one such representation, have been found to be very useful due to their unique geometric properties.
These properties led to the adaptation of subdivision surfaces as a movie industry standard for modeling 3D geometry, making subdivision surfaces indispensable in today's film productions.
However, despite the high surface quality of subdivision surfaces, the complexity of underlying calculations requires a significant computational budget.
In this thesis, we address this problem and propose novel algorithms to accelerate the evaluation of subdivision surfaces by several orders of magnitude.
This enables the rendering of high-quality movie content on commercially available desktop computers within only a few milliseconds, opening up the possibility of using subdivision surfaces in real-time applications (e. g., video games).
The results of this work have been made publicly available in Pixar's open source initiative OpenSubdiv, which is used in many industry applications (e. g., Maya, a modeling software by the industry leader Autodesk).
Our algorithms can also be found in video games such as Activision's best seller Call of Duty: Ghosts, where we now can enjoy the surface quality of movies.
Analysis Of Aspects Of Messages Hiding In Text Environments
Authors: Afanasyeva Olesya 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In the work are researched problems, which arise during hiding of messages in text environments, being transmitted by electronic communication channels and the Internet. The analysis of selection of places in text environment (TE), which can be replaced by word from the message is performed. Selection and replacement of words in the text environment is implemented basing on semantic analysis of text fragment, consisting of the inserted word, and its environment in TE. For implementation of such analysis is used concept of semantic parameters of words coordination and semantic value of separate word. Are used well-known methods of determination of values of these parameters. This allows moving from quality level to quantitative level analysis of text fragments semantics during their modification by word substitution. Invisibility of embedded messages is ensured by providing preset values of the semantic cooperation parameter deviations.
Conditions Of Safe Ship Operations And Sea Waterway Parameters Based On The Reconstruction Of Świnoujście-Szczecin Fairway
Authors: Gucma Stanisław 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper describes the state vector of safe ship operation on sea waterways. The author determines relationships between the state vector of safe ship operation and parameters of sea waterway system elements. These include three subsystems: area, navigation and traffic control. These relationships have been exemplified with the 68-kilometre Świnoujście-Szczecin fairway, presently under reconstruction. A systematic approach to sea waterway design is globally unique.
Times Series Analysis Of Road Safety Trends At The Regional Level In Poland
Authors: Żukowska Joanna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper presents possibility of applying a structural times series modeling with explanatory and intervention variables as a tool capable for explaining the changes in the monthly number of fatalities and seriously injured in traffic accidents. The analysis covers regional level and takes into consideration traffic accidents data of two regions: Pomorskie and Warmia-Mazury. In addition short-term forecasts for the two regions were developed and verified.
Natural Airfield Pavements, Load-Carrying Capacities There Of, Principles Of Construction And Operational Use
Authors: Nita Piotr 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper has been intended to present analytically derived relationships for aircraft wheels that move through the soil medium. The analyses have been conducted for both the rigid wheel and the pneumatic whell. The most fundamental principles of constructing natural(soil) and sod/grass airfield pavements have been diccussed. Characteristic of soils typical of such pavements /surfaces have been defined. Proped are criteria for the evaluation of load-carring capacities of such pavements. The most essential principles that goven the operational use there of follow.
Flight Safety In The Aspect Of Bird Strikes In Polish Air Force
Authors: Ćwiklak Janusz , Jafernik Henryk 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper presents analysis of bird strikes, that occurred in Polish Air Force. Data of Polish Air Force were used to analysis. Mentioned analysis concern such problems as time of day, height, kind of flight operation, severity of bird strikes. It is considered, that the results of researches can be used to determine bird strikes hazard and elaborate SMS in the context of bird strikes for military air bases.
Functional Analysis Of A Selected Airport’s System
Authors: Dudek Ewa 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this paper two selected airport’s systems (Flight Information System and Public Address Voice Annunciation) are defined and described. Then they are used to create an integrated unit, with the presentation of its way of functioning and a schematic picture. The author names main purposes of the integration process, serving to counteract negative consequences arising from implementation of the increasing number of systems on transport objects. In the following part of the article functional analysis of the integrated unit is carried out, defining system’s possible states of work and relations between them. Utilization of mathematical apparatus allows to calculate probabilities of system staying in the respective states, as well as system’s time indexes. Presented results are a fundament for the further analysis of this matter.
Analysis Of MPLS VPN Resistance To External Threats
Authors: Pólkowski Marcin , Laskowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article presents analysis and possible reactions of MPLS network on unauthorized access and on device’s failure. Five Cisco routers joined into a core network were used to conduct the project. The devices were connected into a classic reliability model with envelope shape. The key aspects of the research were incidents’ simulation in line with previously prepared scenarios as well as diagnosis of network’s reactions to a particular type of a device failure. These effects were modelled using special devices such as analysers and generators of data traffic. Additionally, the range of the project included measuring convergence time of the routing protocols acting inside the network combined with analysis of reactions to forced changes of route.
Evaluation Of The Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Due To The Guidelines Of EN 61508 And With The Use Of Markov Processes
Authors: Młynarski Stanisław , Pilch Robert , Smolnik Maksymilian , Szkoda Maciej , Szybka Jan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The methods of evaluation of the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) of safety systems were presented in the paper, assuming that the safety systems may be represented by the k out of n reliability structures. The results of the calculations obtained according to EN 61508 were compared with another results, this time obtained from the calculations done for these systems assuming that their failure-and-renewal process is a Markov process.
Effectivness Of The Failure Rate On Maintenance Costs Of The City Buses
Authors: Ignaciuk Piotr , Rymarz Joanna , Niewczas Andrzej 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to present a failure rate and maintenance cost comparison for two types of city transport buses. The paper presents in detail a case study of well known bus brands used at Municipal Transport Company in Lublin. A failure index of all functional and constructional systems of the vehicles and their technical availability with regards to calendar time was determined. The paper also presents analysis of the factors related to maintenance costs of buses, including costs of fluids, repair costs and maintenance service. It has been demonstrated, that both analyzed buses generate similar maintenance costs, while their failures and technical availability differ significantly in operational practice. These differences are particularly evident in relation to the cumulative costs of repairs.
Selected Methods For Increases Reliability The Of Electronic Systems Security
Authors: Paś Jacek 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The article presents the issues related to the different methods to increase the reliability of electronic security systems (ESS) for example, a fire alarm system (SSP). Reliability of the SSP in the descriptive sense is a property preservation capacity to implement the preset function (e.g. protection: fire airport, the port, logistics base, etc.), at a certain time and under certain conditions, e.g. Environmental, despite the possible non-compliance by a specific subset of elements this system. Analyzing the available literature on the ESS-SSP is not available studies on methods to increase the reliability (several works similar topics but moving with respect to the burglary and robbery (Intrusion.) Based on the analysis of the set of all paths in the system suitability of the SSP for the scenario mentioned elements fire events (device) critical because of security.
Study Of Ceramic-Polymer Composites Reliability Based On The Bending Strength Test
Authors: Walczak Agata , Pieniak Daniel , Niewczas Andrzej , Niewczas Agata M. , Kordos Paweł 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this paper the reliability assessment of structural reliability of the selected light-cured dental composites based on the biaxial flexural strength test results has been presented. A two-parameter Weibull distribution was applied as a reliability model in order to estimate probability of strength maintenance in the analysed population. Weibull distribution parameters were interpreted as a characteristic material strength (scale parameter) and structural reliability parameter in terms of ability to maintain strength by each of specimen from the general population (shape parameter). 20 composite specimens underwent strength tests, including 2 “flow” type composites and 2 standard composites (with typical filler content). “Flow” type composites were characterized with lower characteristic strength and higher structural reliability comparing to other studied composites.
Prospective risk of intrauterine death of monochorionic twins: update
Authors: Simões Teresinha , Queirós Alexandra , Marujo Ana Teresa , Valdoleiros Sandra , Silva Patricia , Blickstein Isaac 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Objective:
To calculate an updated prospective risk of fetal death in monochorionic-biamniotic (MCBA) twins.

Study design:
We evaluated 520 MCBA twin pregnancies that had intensive prenatal surveillance and delivered in a single Portuguese referral center. The prospective risk of fetal death was calculated as the total number of deaths at the beginning of the gestational period divided by the number of continuing pregnancies at or beyond that period. Data were compared to the 2006 previous report.

Results:
Nearly 80% of the neonates weighed <2500 g, including 13.5% who weighed <1500 g. Half were born at <36 weeks, including 13.8% who were born at <32 weeks. The data indicate an increased IUFD rate over time – 16 fetal deaths per pregnancy (3.1%) and 22 IUFDs per fetus (2.1%). The rate of IUFD after 32–33 weeks, however, was halved (1/187 pregnancies and 1/365 fetuses, 0.5 and 0.3%, respectively).

Conclusion:
Intensive prenatal surveillance might decrease the unexpected fetal death rates after 33 week’s gestation and our data do not support elective preterm birth for uncomplicated MCBA twins.
Better never to have been?
Authors: Puls Heiko 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:In this paper I argue that Kant’s claim regarding the asymmetry between the need for happiness and the fulfilment of happiness means that no rational human being could hypothetically wish to repeat its own existence. I show that from this claim it follows that it could be rationally desirable for human beings not to be brought into existence. Thus I show that a Kantian response is available for the contemporary applied ethics question whether human beings are harmed by coming into existence.
Biographische Rätsel um den halleschen Kantianer Johann Heinrich Tieft runk sind gelöst
Authors: Kloos Ingomar 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:Johann Heinrich Tieftrunk belongs to the group of true Kant-followers of the “closed Kantian” (“geschlossen kantische”) period [Gerhard Stammler] of earlier Kantianism in Halle (approx. 1770–1817). Except for his philosophy of religion, his philosophical work has thus far been ignored. Significant in this regard is our lack of biographical data on Tieftrunk. Some puzzles, however, such as his date of birth, have now been solved.
The Importance of the Thin Conception of the Rule of Law for International Development: A Decision-Theoretic Account
Authors: Boom Christopher D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe rule of law is frequently claimed to be an important factor – if not a necessary element – for advancing international development. Among the development goals conformity with the rule of law has been thought to advance are economic growth, legal compliance, and respect for human dignity. Yet, as many commentators have observed, any attempt to draw straightforward conclusions about the relationship between the rule of law and these aims will inevitably be frustrated by the fact that there exist a number of very different understandings of what conformity to the rule of law consists in. In this paper, I draw attention to the distinction between competing “thin” and “thick” conceptions of the rule of law. Understandably, the thin conception’s relevance for advancing development aims has often been overlooked in favor of the thick conception’s. Nevertheless, I offer here a decision-theoretic analysis of the thin conception’s relationship to growth, compliance, and respect for dignity that justifies special focus on its significance for these areas. Specifically, I argue that, all things being equal, members of a state which violates the thin conception will have less incentive to engage in pro-growth conduct and/or more incentive to engage in anti-growth conduct, less incentive to comply with the law and/or more incentive to not comply, and will have less incentive to perform actions that will yield them greater utility and/or more incentive to perform actions that will yield them lower utility. In turn, this analysis predicts a negative relationship between violations of the thin conception and economic growth, legal compliance, and the amount of utility members of the state’s decisions will yield them.
PALS investigations of matrix Vycor glass doped with molecules of luminescent dye and silver nanoparticles. Discrepancies from the ETE model
Authors: Gorgol Marek , Jasińska Bożena , Reisfeld Renata 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A thermal stability of three materials: undoped reference Vycor glass, glass filled with ROT-305 red dye, and silver nanoparticles was investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) in a broad temperature range (from 93 to 473 K). The attempt of pore size calculations from the ortho-positronium lifetime data was performed using the extended Tao-Eldrup (ETE) model. Below room temperature, a significant decrease in lifetime values of the longest-lived component was found for all the samples. This effect could not be explained by thermal shrinkage of the material and is probably caused by interaction of o-Ps with a Vycor glass matrix. The greatest discrepancy from the ETE model predictions was observed for the reference glass. Doping the base material with dye molecules and silver nanoparticles resulted in similar small decrease in this discrepancy. After reheating the samples to the room temperature, the PALS components returned to the initial values. In the temperature range of 293–473 K, quite good agreement between PALS results and the ETE model predictions was observed for the reference glass and the glass incorporated with dye molecules. The observed small discrepancy in this range could possibly be partly explained by thermal expansion of the material. For the glass doped with silver nanoparticles, a significant change in PALS parameters was observed in the temperature range from 403 to 473 K.