bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft genome sequence for virulent and avirulent strains of Xanthomonas arboricola isolated from Prunus spp. in Spain
Authors: Garita-Cambronero Jerson , Palacio-Bielsa Ana , López María M. , Cubero Jaime 
Published: January 2016

AbstractXanthomonas arboricola is a species in genus Xanthomonas which is mainly comprised of plant pathogens. Among the members of this taxon, X. arboricola pv. pruni, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almond, is distributed worldwide although it is considered a quarantine pathogen in the European Union. Herein, we report the draft genome sequence, the classification, the annotation and the sequence analyses of a virulent strain, IVIA 2626.1, and an avirulent strain, CITA 44, of X. arboricola associated with Prunus spp. The draft genome sequence of IVIA 2626.1 consists of 5,027,671 bp, 4,720 protein coding genes and 50 RNA encoding genes. The draft genome sequence of strain CITA 44 consists of 4,760,482 bp, 4,250 protein coding genes and 56 RNA coding genes. Initial comparative analyses reveals differences in the presence of structural and regulatory components of the type IV pilus, the type III secretion system, the type III effectors as well as variations in the number of the type IV secretion systems. The genome sequence data for these strains will facilitate the development of molecular diagnostics protocols that differentiate virulent and avirulent strains. In addition, comparative genome analysis will provide insights into the plant-pathogen interaction during the bacterial spot disease process.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF144B is LPS-inducible in human, but not mouse, macrophages and promotes inducible IL-1β expression
Authors: Ariffin Juliana K , Kapetanovic Ronan , Schaale Kolja , Gatica-Andrades Marcela , Blumenthal Antje , Schroder Kate , Sweet Matthew J 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Differences in human and mouse immune responses may partly reflect species-specific adaptations and can provide important insights into human immunity. In this study, we show that RNF144B, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was lipopolysaccharide-inducible in primary human macrophages and in human macrophage–like THP-1 cells. In contrast, Rnf144b was not lipopolysaccharide-inducible in several mouse cell populations, including primary macrophages from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Similarly, Rnf144b was not up-regulated by infection of C57BL/6 mice with Escherichia coli. Although the human and mouse RNF144B genes have conserved transcription start sites, cap analysis of gene expression data confirmed that the RNF144B promoter directs transcription in human but not mouse macrophages. The human and mouse RNF144B genes are controlled by highly conserved TATA-containing promoters, but subtle differences in transcription factor binding sites may account for differential regulation. Using gene silencing, we showed that RNF144B is necessary for priming of inflammasome responses in primary human macrophages. Specifically, RNF144B promotes lipopolysaccharide-inducible IL-1b mRNA expression but does not regulate expression of several other lipopolysaccharide-inducible cytokines (e.g., interleukin-10, interferon-γ) or affect expression of inflammasome components or substrates (e.g., procaspase-1, pro-interleukin-18). Our findings thus revealed a species-specific regulatory mechanism for selective inflammasome priming in human macrophages.
Treating Nephroblastoma in Rwanda: Using International Society of Pediatric Oncology Guidelines in a Novel Oncologic Care Model
Authors: Shyirambere Cyprien , Xu Mary Jue , Elmore Shekinah Nefreteri , Fadelu Temidayo , May Leana , Tapela Neo , Umuhizi Denis Gilbert , Uwizeye Frank Regis , Driscoll Caitlin , Muhayimana Clemence , Hategekimana Vedaste , Rubagumya Fidel , Nzayisenga Ignace , Shulman Lawrence N. , Mpunga Tharcisse , Lehmann Leslie E. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Success in treating nephroblastoma in high-income countries has been transferred to some resource-constrained settings; multicenter studies report disease-free survival of greater than 70%. However, few reports present care models with rural-based components, care tasks shifted to internists and pediatricians, and data collection structured for monitoring and evaluation. Here, we report clinical outcomes and protocol compliance for patients with nephroblastoma evaluated at Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence in Rwanda. Patients and Methods This retrospective study reports the care of 53 patients evaluated between July 1, 2012, and June 30, 2014. Patients receiving less than half of their chemotherapy at Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence were excluded. Results Of the 53 patients included, 9.4% had stage I, 13.2% had stage II, 24.5% had stage III, 26.4% had stage IV, and 5.7% had stage V disease; the remaining 20.8% had unknown stage disease from inadequate work-up or unavailable surgical report. The incidence of neutropenia increased with treatment progression, and the greatest proportion of delays occurred during the surgical referral phase. At the end of the study period, 32.1% of patients (n = 17) remained alive after treatment; 24.5% (n = 13) remained alive while continuing treatment, including one patient with recurrent disease; 30.2% (n = 16) died; and 13.2% (n = 7) were lost to follow-up. Conclusion Our findings confirm that nephroblastoma can be effectively treated in resource-constrained settings. Using an approach in which chemotherapy is delivered at a rural-based center by nononcologists and data are used for routine evaluation, care can be delivered in safe, novel ways. Protocol modifications to mitigate chemotherapy toxicities and strong communication between the multidisciplinary team members will likely minimize delays and further improve outcomes in similar settings.
Maya Healers' Conception of Cancer as Revealed by Comparison With Western Medicine
Authors: Berger-González Mónica , Gharzouzi Eduardo , Renner Christoph 
Published: January 2016

PurposeCultural diversity in clinical encounters is common, yet mental constructions regarding cancer that influence expected treatment are poorly studied for indigenous people. We explored Maya healers' conceptions, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer to remedy this problem.MethodsIn-depth structured interviews with 67 traditional Maya healers in Guatemala across Kaqchikel, Kiche', Mam, Mopan, and Q'eqchi' ethnolinguistic groups were conducted by using a transdisciplinary format. Analysis of qualitative data in categorized matrixes allowed for statistical examination of tendencies and the results were complemented by validation workshops with Maya representatives.ResultsMaya classification of diseases has broad categories of malignant diseases including cancer. Specific Maya terms might equate to particular cancer types, which would open new avenues for research. Notions of malignancy and metastasis were expressed by healers as core characteristics of cancer, a disease believed to be both material and spiritual. Resolution of and/or treatment for cancer is based on restoring physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual equilibrium of the patient and extending that equilibrium to his larger social circle.ConclusionMaya conceptions of cancer determine how traditional diagnostic tools are used and dictate treatment options that include the patient's social-spiritual support system. Official health care providers' understanding of these principles can improve implementation of culturally appropriate protocols that increase indigenous patients' compliance and reduce rates of treatment abandonment.
Vitamin D3 Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Human Uterine Fibroid Cells
Authors: Al-Hendy Ayman , Diamond Michael P. , Boyer Thomas G. , Halder Sunil K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractContext:Somatic mutations in the Med12 gene are known to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human uterine fibroids (UFs).Objective:The objective of the study was to examine the role of vitamin D3 in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in human UF cells.Design:Immortalized human UF cells (HuLM) and human primary UF (PUF) cells were treated with increasing concentrations of vitamin D3 and thereafter analyzed using Western blots and immunocytochemistry.Main Outcome Measures:Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR signaling proteins in cultured HuLM and PUF cells were measured.Results:UF tumors with Med12 somatic mutations showed an up-regulation of Wnt4 and β-catenin as compared with adjacent myometrium. Vitamin D3 administration reduced the levels of Wnt4 and β-catenin in both HuLM and PUF cells. Vitamin D3 also reduced the expression/activation of mTOR signaling in both cell types. In contrast, vitamin D3 induced the expression of DNA damaged-induced transcription 4 (an inhibitor of mTOR) and tuberous sclerosis genes (TSC1/2) in a concentration-dependent manner in HuLM cells. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent reduction of Wisp1 (Wnt induced signaling protein 1) and flap endonuclease 1 proteins in HuLM cells. Additionally, abrogation of vitamin D receptor expression (by silencing) in normal myometrial cells induces Wnt4/β-catenin as well as prompts a fibrotic process including an increase in cell proliferation and increased extracellular matrix production. Together these results suggest that vitamin D3 functions as an inhibitor of Wnt4/β-catenin and mTOR signaling pathways, which may play major roles in fibroid pathogenesis.Conclusion:Vitamin D3 may have utility as a novel long-term therapeutic and/or preventive option for uterine fibroids.
Improved Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Forman Daniel E. , Alexander Karen , Brindis Ralph G. , Curtis Anne B. , Maurer Mathew , Rich Michael W. , Sperling Laurence , Wenger Nanette K. 
Published: January 2016

Longevity is increasing and the population of older adults is growing. The biology of aging is conducive to cardiovascular disease (CVD), such that prevalence of coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, arrhythmia and other disorders are increasing as more adults survive into old age. Furthermore, CVD in older adults is distinctive, with management issues predictably complicated by multimorbidity, polypharmacy, frailty and other complexities of care that increase management risks (e.g., bleeding, falls, and rehospitalization) and uncertainty of outcomes. In this review, state-of-the-art advances in heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, atrial fibrillation, amyloidosis, and CVD prevention are discussed. Conceptual benefits of treatments are considered in relation to the challenges and ambiguities inherent in their application to older patients.
The new immunological methods for diagnostics of type 1 autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (the first experience in Russia)
Authors: Orlova Elizaveta Mikhaylovna , Sozaeva Leyla Salikhovna , Karmanov Maksim Evgen'evich , Breivik Lars Ertesvåg , Husebye Eystein Sverre , Kareva Mariya Andreevna 
Published: January 2016

This study was designed to ascertain the role of anti-interferon (IFN)-ω and -α2 antibodies (AB) in diagnostics of type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1) and evaluate specificity and sensitivity of the HEK-Blue cells method used to detect these antibodies. The study included 34 patients presenting with APS-1 and 21 patients with focal alopecia. All 100% of the patients with APS-1 ehxhibited high titers of anti IFN-ωantibodies; 97% of them had anti IFN-a2 antibodies. These antibodies were not found in the patients with focal alopecia. It is concluded that the measurement of anti IFN-α and α2 antibodies with the use of HEK-Blue cells is a highly specific and sensitive method for diagnostics of APS-1.
Widening the gap: Unequal distribution of resources for K–12 science instruction
Authors: Smith P. Sean , Trygstad Peggy J. , Banilower Eric R. 
Published: January 2016

Inequalities in educational opportunity are well documented. Regardless of the nature of the disadvantage—low income, underrepresented minority status, or prior achievement—students from backgrounds associated with a given disadvantage have less access to educational opportunities. In this article, we use data from the 2012 National Survey of Science and Mathematics Education to explore how resources are allocated for science instruction specifically. We focus on how three kinds of resources—well-prepared teachers, material resources, and instruction itself—are allocated to classes that are homogeneously grouped by prior achievement level. Regardless of the resource, we find that classes of students with low prior achievement (as perceived by their teachers) have less access. Some of the differences are striking, particularly regarding access to material resources, while others are more subtle. There is also evidence that some policies do not impact teachers equally. For example, time allowed for teacher professional development is perceived differently by teachers in terms of its impact depending on the achievement level of students in the class. The study supports the assertion that what is known about ability grouping in general applies in science instruction specifically. When students with low prior achievement are grouped together, their classes have less access to critical resources for science learning opportunities, potentially widening the gap between them and their higher-achieving peers.
Can school structures improve teacher-student relationships? The relationship between advisory programs, personalization and students’ academic achievement
Authors: McClure Larry V. , Yonezawa Susan , Jones Makeba 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we present findings from a three-year study of students' perceptions of personalization and, specifically, advisory as a reform strategy and its relationship to students' academic progress at 14 recently converted small high schools in a large, urban school district in California. This study examined the degree to which students' sense of personalization (connections to the school and to adults at the school) interacted with students' academic achievement, as measured by standardized test scores and weighted grade-point averages. In particular, we examined the relationship between students' perceptions of formal structures to enhance personalization -- such as advisory periods -- and students' academic achievement.
Educadores De Jovens Trabalhadores Que Estudam: aprendendo a ensinar.
Authors: Da Silva Analise de Jesus 
Published: January 2016

Os projetos analisados neste artigo foram realizados em 2010 e 2011, com a participação de jovens educandos da EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos) cuja faixa etária se situa entre 15 e 29 anos de idade, como atividade de disciplina cursada por seus professores durante a realização do Curso de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu Especialização em Docência da EJA na Educação Básica: Juventudes Presentes na EJA, por dois semestres letivos. Constatou-se o êxito dos Projetos de Ação no que se refere a vários aspectos avaliados durante seu planejamento e execução, a saber: promoção de aprendizagens para além da sala de aula; percepção da importância de realizar atividades em grupo, formando equipes de estudos e aplicando o apr(e)endido nas oficinas de trabalho, tanto na construção, produção e uso dos recursos tecnológicos como na da economia solidária; promoção da apropriação dos bens culturais, oferecidos por municípios e estado, pelos jovens educandos com a consequente tomada de consciência de que este acesso é direito de todos; e, em especial, fomento ao interesse dos educandos pelas atividades escolares como consequência de se sentirem co-responsáveis por sua aprendizagem. Como resultado verifica-se a ausência de abandonos escolares temporários e uma redução de 37% no número de faltas esporádicas por parte dos alunos do Curso de Especialização. A reflexão a respeito da ação educativa tratada neste artigo é fruto de um trabalho de compilamento de nove projetos desenvolvidos em um curso com enfoque nas juventudes presentes na EJA. Esse esforço é submetido a uma abordagem teórica e metodológica libertadora, segundo princípios buscados, sobretudo, em Paulo Freire, o que lhe confere rigor e qualidade acadêmicos. Observou-se, na prática cotidiana, o diálogo entre os projetos relatados em interface com uma fundamentação teórica capaz de explicitar avanços teórico-epistêmicos para o campo da Educação de Jovens e Adultos.
Social Pedagogy and Liberal Egalitarian Compensatory Programs: The Case of Head Start
Authors: Counsell Shelly Lynn , Boody Robert 
Published: January 2016

Using Head Start as an example of a compensatory social program based on a liberal egalitarian view of justice, this paper shows how all such programs are fundamentally flawed. In spite of any good intentions, by creating a discourse of deficiency and attempting amelioration through segregation this approach contains the seeds of its own failure. And, indeed, Head Start has floundered since its inception. That there is real need is clear; however, a new way forward is essential. We propose a model, based on social pedagogy, that takes seriously and respectfully the lifeworld of the children and families involved, and works cooperatively to find a way forward for everyone instead of imposing an externally-driven system response to an inadequately understood lifeworld. In addition, this reconceptualization must move beyond the exclusiveness of compensatory programs to inclusiveness of all children and families. This approach offers hope both for a more just social world in general based on deliberative justice as well as attaining goals of student achievement and development.
Computer skills and digital media uses among young students in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Duarte Rosalia , Cazelli Sibele , Migliora Rita Peixoto , Coimbra Carlos Alberto 
Published: January 2016

The main purpose of this paper is provide information relevant for the formulation of new policies for the integration of technology in education from the discussion of research results that analyse computer skills and digital media uses among students (between 12 to 18 years old) from schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The schools surveyed were selected by a stratified random sample. The questionnaire allowed for statistical measurement of theoretical constructs employing non parametrical item response theory. The schools showed a homogeneous pattern with regard to the frequency of use and the ability of students to perform tasks on the computer. Most students use the computer and the Internet at home. The use of computers in schools is minimal and does not influence the students' ability. Even so, the use of a computer at school positively affects the frequency of use and suggests that schools can play a role in promoting digital inclusion. The availability of media resources at home, how long students have been using a computer and cultural practices during the students’ free time had notable positive correlations with the student’s abilities. The results suggest that the relation between age and abilities in the use of computer and internet was not significant, except in reference to school delays which were related to age and to students’ grades, i.e., the more delayed a student is, the less able he/she will be.
El significado de estudiar para los jóvenes de bachillerato
Authors: Ibarra Uribe Luz Marina , Escalante Ferrer Ana Esther , Fonseca Bautista César Darío 
Published: January 2016

El En el año 2008, en México se implantó la Reforma Integral de la Educación Media Superior. En este artículo utilizamos como estrategia metodológica un estudio de caso para analizar, en el marco de esta reforma, el comportamiento de la trayectoria escolar de la cohorte 2008-2011 de un bachillerato tecnológico en el estado de Morelos, y mostrar un acercamiento a las expectativas de egreso de jóvenes estudiantes de dicho bachillerato. Esto a partir de la satisfacción con su formación y del significado que le confieren a estudiar. En el análisis del trayecto escolar de los jóvenes de la cohorte mencionada, primera formada bajo el modelo educativo de dicha reforma, encontramos que los resultados en los indicadores educativos son prácticamente los mismos que se observaban antes de la implantación de la RIEMS. Por otra parte, podemos reportar que los jóvenes reconocen y valoran el carácter propedéutico de sus estudios para alcanzar movilidad social y económica. En este trabajo se recuperan las percepciones entre los estudiantes de más alto promedio escolar del plantel y las de aquellos jóvenes que se encuentran en riesgo de abandonar la escuela por la cantidad de materias no acreditadas a lo largo de un semestre.
Class and Parents' Agency in West Virginia: Between Choices and Rights
Authors: Sherfinski Melissa 
Published: January 2016

Universal pre-kindergarten (UPK) is a popular reform in West Virginia, offering part-time readiness-oriented instruction for four-year-olds and some three-year-olds with special needs. The reform joins public school sites and community partners (private preschool and/or Head Start resources) in the goal of pre-kindergarten for all eligible children, and has targeted the struggling lower-middle class. UPK may position parents between choices and rights by providing discrepant public and private choices for families who do not qualify for the Head Start strand while naming access “universal”. In this case study, I examine the context of access in relation to the discourses and politics of neoliberal globalism. Neoliberal globalism has shaped West Virginia’s UPK policy towards producing particular childhoods and roles for teachers and parents in service to the economic growth of the state. Specifically, I analyze the role of social class dynamics among lower-middle class parents who sought readiness opportunities in one UPK community. The results indicate that Bourdieu’s theory of social reproduction is relevant. Lower-middle class parents were active and instrumental choosers within the hybrid market system. Given two groups of lower-middle class participants (RMC-recent members of the lower-middle class descended from the middle class and HMC-historical members of the lower-middle class), RMC advantageously engaged resources traditionally designated for poor and working class families while HMC used social networks built locally over time to support their choice-making. In order to re-think West Virginia UPK’s position towards cultural pluralism and social justice, I suggest several possibilities in the areas of policy, community deliberation, and educational practice.