bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence That Bimanual Motor Timing Performance Is Not a Significant Factor in Developmental Stuttering
Authors: Hilger Allison I. , Zelaznik Howard , Smith Anne 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Stuttering involves a breakdown in the speech motor system. We address whether stuttering in its early stage is specific to the speech motor system or whether its impact is observable across motor systems.

Method
As an extension of Olander, Smith, and Zelaznik (2010), we measured bimanual motor timing performance in 115 children: 70 children who stutter (CWS) and 45 children who do not stutter (CWNS). The children repeated the clapping task yearly for up to 5 years. We used a synchronization-continuation rhythmic timing paradigm. Two analyses were completed: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the children in the initial year of the study (ages 4;0 [years;months] to 5;11) compared clapping performance between CWS and CWNS. A second, multiyear analysis assessed clapping behavior across the ages 3;5–9;5 to examine any potential relationship between clapping performance and eventual persistence or recovery of stuttering.

Results
Preschool CWS were not different from CWNS on rates of clapping or variability in interclap interval. In addition, no relationship was found between bimanual motor timing performance and eventual persistence in or recovery from stuttering. The disparity between the present findings for preschoolers and those of Olander et al. (2010) most likely arises from the smaller sample size used in the earlier study.

Conclusion
From the current findings, on the basis of data from relatively large samples of stuttering and nonstuttering children tested over multiple years, we conclude that a bimanual motor timing deficit is not a core feature of early developmental stuttering.
Allosteric proteins as logarithmic sensors
Authors: Olsman Noah , Goentoro Lea 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Biological sensory systems have the capacity to respond to signals over a broad range of intensities, be it vision in animals or signal transduction in cells. Such a broad response range is thought to be mediated by the system’s ability to sense signal logarithmically. We seek to understand the implementation of logarithmic sensors in cells. We find that a pervasive class of proteins, those that are allosterically regulated, have dynamics that facilitate response on a logarithmic (as opposed to absolute) scale, allowing sensitive response across a broad range of signal.
Soluto-inertial phenomena: Designing long-range, long-lasting, surface-specific interactions in suspensions
Authors: Banerjee Anirudha , Williams Ian , Azevedo Rodrigo Nery , Helgeson Matthew E. , Squires Todd M. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Liquid suspensions of micron-scale particles and drops play a ubiquitous role in a broad spectrum of materials of central importance to modern life. A suite of interactions has long been known and exploited to formulate such suspensions; however, all such interactions act over less than a micron in water—and often much less. Here we present a concept to design and engineer nonequilibrium interactions in suspensions, which are particle surface-dependent, may last for hundreds of seconds, and extend hundreds of times farther than is currently possible. The conceptual versatility of the results presented here suggests new capabilities for manipulating suspensions, sorting particles, and synthesizing novel materials and particles.
Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames
Authors: Johansson K. Olof , Dillstrom Tyler , Monti Matteo , El Gabaly Farid , Campbell Matthew F. , Schrader Paul E. , Popolan-Vaida Denisia M. , Richards-Henderson Nicole K. , Wilson Kevin R. , Violi Angela , Michelsen Hope A. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Furans and related large oxygenated organic carbon species (OC) are highly toxic pollutants. Their integration into soot particles may greatly enhance soot’s hygroscopicity, leading to regional and global climate change. We show that furans are the primary oxygenated functional group on soot formed in hydrocarbon combustion and report a reaction scheme that elucidates the interplay between nonoxygenated and oxygenated hydrocarbons. We expect this reaction pathway to be important in many hydrocarbon oxidation systems spanning geosciences, astrophysics, and energy research. We discovered ∼100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for in hydrocarbon models. This study advances the understanding of the oxidation chemistry of OC, which is critical to many processes, from controlling emissions of toxic combustion by-products to reducing anthropogenic climate change.
A 100 years of biological control of sugarcane pests in India: review and perspective.
Authors: Srikanth J. , Easwaramoorthy S. , Jalali S. K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Insect pests constitute a major biotic stress in sugarcane in India as they attack the crop from the time of planting until almost harvest, inflicting yield and sugar losses. Biological control has always received a prominent position among the pest management tools, facilitated by the unique semi-perennial crop habitat and low pesticide usage. Biocontrol research of the early 1930s and 40s was characterized by surveys focusing on identification and studies on the basic biology of natural enemies. Conservation and re-distribution, and introduction and colonization of predominant parasitoids was practiced very early, and even in the recent past, with remarkable success. Mass multiplication and field evaluation that began in the early decades continue today, as is demonstrated by the use of the most exploited parasitoid
Trichogramma chilonis
. Several parasitoids and predators of borers and sucking pests were investigated systematically when the need arose. Among entomopathogens, granulosis viruses and fungi received considerable attention; a simple formulation of
Beauveria brongniartii
reached commercial production for the control of the white grub
Holotrichia serrata
. In recent years, isolates of
Bacillus thuringiensis
from sugarcane soil have been examined and a scarabaeid-specific
cry
gene has been identified. Preliminary studies of kairomonal principles from borers as attractants to the larval parasitoid
Cotesia flavipes
have been carried out. Organizational support to the cause of biological control includes coordinated research efforts from government agencies, production of biocontrol agents by commercial insectaries and promotion of technologies by the sugar industry. In this review, we chronicle the major research findings over the past eight decades, portray an overview of their significance and project the prospects and priorities for biological control research and promotion in the country.
Entrainment of Rainbow Smelt through Oahe Dam during the 2011 Missouri River Flood
Authors: Fincel Mark J. , Radigan William J. , Longhenry Christopher M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Entrainment of fishes through impoundments is common, and Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax, which is the dominant forage fish species in the Missouri River reservoir, Lake Oahe, is frequently entrained through Oahe Dam at low rates. In 2011, the Missouri River endured a flood of a magnitude never before experienced in recorded history. Concerns regarding Rainbow Smelt entrainment were numerous; thus we sought to determine Rainbow Smelt entrainment rates. To evaluate entrainment, we used stationary trawls downstream from each Oahe Dam outlet structure and repeated hydroacoustic sampling above Oahe Dam on Lake Oahe. Trawl sampling estimated that 231 million adult and 433 million age-0 Rainbow Smelt were entrained during the summer of 2011. Hydroacoustic sampling estimated a loss of 213 million adult and 520 million age-0 Rainbow Smelt from Lake Oahe. Thus, both gears provided an estimate of Rainbow Smelt loss that was surprisingly similar. Additionally, Rainbow Smelt entrainment rates were substantially higher from 1500 to 2100 hours. This corresponds to the time of day when Rainbow Smelt exhibit a diel migration into the water column likely making them more susceptible to entrainment as they pass by Oahe Dam intake structures. By reducing discharge during this critical time period, entrainment of Rainbow Smelt could be dramatically reduced.
Received October 7, 2015; accepted March 14, 2016 Published online July 8, 2016
Potential Hosts for Lambertella corni-maris and Phacidium lacerum within the Family Rosaceae
Authors: Wiseman M. , Dugan F. M. , Xiao C. L. 
Published: July 2016

Two fungi were recently described as pathogens of pome fruit in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: Lambertella corni-maris on apple, and Phacidium lacerum Fr. (syn. Ceuthospora pinastri (Fr.) Höhn.) on apple and d'Anjou pear. Here we document pathogenicity of L. corni-maris to d'Anjou pear, Malus ‘Profusion’ crabapple, and sweetbriar rose, and pathogenicity of P. lacerum to ‘Profusion’ crabapple and sweetbriar rose. Accepted for publication 22 May 2016. Published 7 June 2016.
Understanding Soybean Cyst Nematode HG Types and Races
Authors: Tylka Gregory L. 
Published: July 2016

Confusion still exists about the concept of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, race and HG type. Questions from researchers and agribusiness and extension professionals who advise farmers include: When will there be a molecular test for HG type (or SCN race)? How many HG types (or races) are there in a field? Do seed treatments work against all HG types (or races)? These seemingly logical questions of practical significance are unanswerable if one understands the concept of HG type and SCN race. This article draws a comparison between the current SCN HG type test and a hypothetical test for human food sensitivities that may provide a new perspective and make HG types more easily understood and used. Accepted for publication 25 May 2016. Published 20 June 2016.
Management Strategies for Barley Yellow Dwarf on Winter Wheat in Kansas
Authors: Bockus William W. , De Wolf Erick D. , Todd Timothy C. 
Published: July 2016

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most important wheat diseases in the state of Kansas. Several methods of disease management have been recommended to mitigate losses from BYD including the use of seed-treatment insecticides, delayed planting of winter wheat, and deploying cultivars with resistance to BYD. The goal of this research was to quantify the impact of these three management strategies, alone and in combination, on BYD disease progress and grain yields in Kansas. When field experiments were averaged over four years, treating seed with the insecticide imidacloprid (Gaucho) reduced the daily increase in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 35.0% and corresponding yield losses from BYD by 16.4%. Compared with early planting, late planting reduced AUDPC by 47.9% and corresponding yield losses by 57.5%. Planting a moderately resistant cultivar reduced AUDPC by 80.9% and corresponding yield losses by 72.6% compared with a susceptible cultivar. When all three BYD management methods were combined, BYD was reduced by 95.2% and yield losses reduced by 97.1% when compared with not using any of the management methods. Therefore, integrating management practices can result in high levels of control of BYD in Kansas. Accepted for publication 4 May 2016. Published 7 June 2016.
A Ralstonia solanacearum Strain from Guatemala Infects Diverse Flower Crops, Including New Asymptomatic Hosts Vinca and Sutera, and Causes Symptoms in Geranium, Mandevilla Vine, and New Host African Daisy (Osteospermum ecklonis)
Authors: Weibel Jordan , Tran Tuan Minh , Bocsanczy Ana Maria , Daughtrey Margery , Norman David J. , Mejia Luis , Allen Caitilyn 
Published: July 2016

A strain of Ralstonia solanacearum was associated with wilting and blight of flowering ornamentals grown from cuttings that originated in Guatemala. This isolate, UW757, could wilt geranium, Osteospermum spp., and mandevilla, but was more aggressively virulent on tomato. Although it rarely caused symptoms, after inoculation UW757 colonized the stems of 11 widely grown ornamental species, reaching mean populations as high as 109 CFU/g stem at the common tropical highland production temperature of 24°C. UW757 belongs to phylotype I, sequevar 14 of the R. solanacearum species complex, not to the Race 3 biovar 2 Select Agent group that also infects geraniums. Whole genome sequencing revealed that UW757 is closely related to several Asian R. solanacearum strains and also to P781, a mandevilla-infecting strain established in Florida. Strains similar to UW757 were isolated from tomato in Guatemala in 2006 and 2015, indicating that this group is common and persistent. This finding enlarges the known host range of R. solanacearum, which was not previously known to infect Osteospermum, Vinca, or Sutera spp. Growers should be aware that a broad range of ornamental plants, including previously unknown hosts, can be latently infected by non-Race 3 biovar 2 strains of R. solanacearum that are also highly virulent on tomato. Accepted for publication 28 April 2016. Published 26 May 2016.
Effect of Foliar Fungicide and Insecticide on Hail-Damaged Soybean
Authors: Sisson Adam J. , Kandel Yuba R. , Hart Chad E. , Asmus Amy , Wiggs Stith N. , Mueller Daren S. 
Published: July 2016

A fungicide (pyraclostrobin) and an insecticide (alpha-cypermethrin) were applied alone or in combination to hail-injured soybean to determine if yield could be preserved or foliar disease prevented. Pesticides were applied at approximately R3 growth stage and hail injury was simulated with an ice-propelling machine at approximately R1 and R4 growth stages over three years at three Iowa locations. Disease severity was low throughout the study, and included Septoria brown spot, downy mildew, and Cercospora leaf blight. Differences in disease severity among treatments receiving hail and those that did not receive hail were not consistently detected. More importantly, foliar disease severity did not differ among pesticide treatments and untreated controls. Simulated hail caused significant (P = 0.1) yield loss. No difference in yield was observed between untreated and pesticide-treated plots within hail events, except for two site years when hail damage occurred at R1. Seed moisture was generally higher in plots with R1 hail damage. Fungicide and insecticide applied in combination to hail-damaged soybean was more likely to result in a positive economic return than either applied alone. Based on results, R3 fungicide application to soybean injured by hail at R1 or R4 will likely provide little yield-preserving or disease-limiting benefits when foliar disease severity is low. Accepted for publication 21 April 2016. Published 20 June 2016.
Occurrence of Stenocarpella macrospora Causing Ear Rot in Corn in the United States
Authors: Luna Martha P. Romero , Bradley Carl A. , Kelly Heather M. , Wise Kiersten A. 
Published: July 2016

Diplodia ear rot of corn is primarily caused by the fungus Stenocarpella maydis in the United States. Stenocarpella macrospora is a closely related fungus present in the U.S. but primarily associated with Diplodia leaf streak. S. macrospora is recognized as a major ear rot pathogen in South America and South Africa, but has infrequently been associated with ear rot in the U.S. This brief presents the first reports of Diplodia ear rot in Illinois and Tennessee. This is also the first confirmation of S. macrospora causing ear rot in the U.S. in over 60 years. Accepted for publication 19 May 2016. Published 15 June 2016.
Health Literacy and Preferences for Sources of Child Health Information of Mothers With Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Skeens Kristen , Logsdon M. Cynthia , Stikes Reetta , Ryan Lesa , Sparks Kathryn , Hayes Pauline , Myers John , Davis Deborah Winders 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Parents of infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) frequently need guidance to prepare them for the care and health promotion of their child after hospital discharge. The health literacy of the parents should be considered so that education can be tailored to meet their needs. It is also important to understand the parents' preferences for how, and from whom, they receive education.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify health literacy levels of parents of infants in an NICU and preferences for who they want to provide them with education.

Methods:
An exploratory, descriptive design was used to assess participant health literacy and preferences for obtaining child health information. Only mothers (no fathers) with babies in the NICU were available to complete the survey. Mean participant age was 26.4 years (SD = 6.7).

Results:
Participants had a mean Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, Revised, score of 5.64 (SD = 2.4), indicating a low level of health literacy. Questions regarding when to administer medication were correctly answered by 69% of participants. Proper medication dosage was understood by 92% of participants; however, only 30% were able to correctly convert measurements. One-on-one discussions with a physician were the preferred source of health information for 80% of participants.

Implications for Practice/Research:
The current exploratory study provides new information that will help inform the development of future studies and increase awareness of nurses regarding health literacy and the specific types of skills for which parents need the most help.
Health Literacy Among Parents of Newborn Infants
Authors: Mackley Amy , Winter Michael , Guillen Ursula , Paul David A. , Locke Robert 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Health Literacy is the ability to obtain, process, and understand health information to make knowledgeable health decisions.

Purpose:
To determine baseline health literacy of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents at a tertiary care hospital during periods of crucial information exchange.

Methods:
Health literacy of English-speaking NICU parents was assessed using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) on admission (n = 121) and discharge (n = 59). A quasi-control group of well-baby nursery (WBN) parents (n = 24) and prenatal obstetric clinic (PRE) parents (n = 18) were included. A single, Likert-style question measured nurses' assessment of parental comprehension with discharge teaching. Suspected limited health literacy (SLHL) was defined as the NVS score of 3 or less.

Findings/Results:
Forty-three percent of parents on NICU admission and 32% at NICU discharge had SLHL (P < .01). SLHL for WBN and PRE parents was 25% and 58%, respectively. Parental age, gender, location, and history of healthcare-related employment were not associated with health literacy status at any time point. Thirty-nine percent of NICU parents and 25% of WBN parents with SLHL at time of admission/infant birth had a college education. Nurse subjective measurement of parental comprehension of discharge instructions was not correlated to the objective measurement of health literacy (P = .26).

Implications for Practice:
SLHL is common during peak time periods of complex health discussion in the NICU, WBN, and PRE settings. NICU providers may not accurately gauge parents' literacy status.

Implications for Research:
Methods for improving health communication are needed. Studies should evaluate SLHL in a larger NICU population and across different languages and cultures.
First Golden Hour of Life
Authors: Lambeth Tinisha M. , Rojas Mario A. , Holmes Amy P. , Dail Robin B. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Very low birth-weight (<1500 g) infants are vulnerable to their environment during the first hour after birth. We designed an evidence-based golden hour protocol (GHP) with a goal to stabilize and perform admission procedures within 1 hour of birth at a level IIIB neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Purpose:
The aim of this quality improvement project was to ascertain whether an evidence-based GHP would improve care efficiency and short-term outcomes.

Methods:
Rapid cycles of change using Plan Do Study Act were utilized to document progress and gain knowledge during the quality improvement project. Measures were plotted with statistical process control methods (SPC), which analyzed improvement over time.

Results:
Both admission temperature and glucose-level means were within reference range throughout the project and predicted a stable process. We observed significantly decreased time to initiation of intravenous fluids and antibiotics. An upward trend of surfactant administration within the first 2 hours of life was also observed.

Implications for Practice:
The use of a GHP provided an organized approach to admission procedures and care. By using a checklist and recording intervention times, NICU caregivers were more aware of time management for each intervention and were able to decrease time to initiation of intravenous fluids and antibiotics.

Implications for Research:
Future research should focus on establishing normal blood pressure ranges and safe pain management during the “golden hour” and beyond. Future quality improvement should focus on improving subsequent temperature and blood glucose levels after admission umbilical artery and venous catheter placement.
Recurrence of Preterm Birth and Early Term Birth
Authors: Yang Juan , Baer Rebecca J. , Berghella Vincenzo , Chambers Christina , Chung Paul , Coker Tumaini , Currier Robert J. , Druzin Maurice L. , Kuppermann Miriam , Muglia Louis J. , Norton Mary E. , Rand Larry , Ryckman Kelli , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To examine recurrent preterm birth and early term birth in women's initial and immediately subsequent pregnancies.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included 163,889 women who delivered their first and second liveborn singleton neonates between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation in California from 2005 through 2011. Data from hospital discharge records and birth certificates were used for analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models adjusted for risk factors.

RESULTS:
Shorter gestational duration in the first pregnancy increased the risk of subsequent preterm birth (both early, before 32 weeks of gestation, and later, from 32 to 36 weeks of gestation) as well as early term birth (37–38 weeks of gestation). Compared with women with a prior term birth, women with a prior early preterm birth (before 32 weeks of gestation) were at the highest risk for a subsequent early preterm birth (58/935 [6.2%] compared with 367/118,505 [0.3%], adjusted OR 23.3, 95% CI 17.2–31.7). Women with a prior early term birth had more than a twofold increased risk for subsequent preterm birth (before 32 weeks of gestation: 171/36,017 [0.5%], adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6–2.3; from 32 to 36 weeks of gestation: 2,086/36,017 [6.8%], adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.9–3.2) or early term birth (13,582/36,017 [37.7%], adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 2.2–2.3).

CONCLUSION:
Both preterm birth and early term birth are associated with these outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy. Increased clinical attention and research efforts may benefit from a focus on women with a prior early term birth as well as those with prior preterm birth.