bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of the addition of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin and sitagliptin: The VERTIS SITA2 placebo‐controlled randomized study
Authors: Dagogo‐Jack Samuel , Liu Jie , Eldor Roy , Amorin Guillermo , Johnson Jeremy , Hille Darcy , Liao Yuqin , Huyck Susan , Golm Gregory , Terra Steven G. , Mancuso James P. , Engel Samuel S. , Lauring Brett 
Published: September 2017

AimsTo assess ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled by metformin and sitagliptin.Materials and MethodsIn this double‐blind randomized study (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02036515), patients (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 7.0% to 10.5% [53‐91 mmol/mol] receiving metformin ≥1500 mg/d and sitagliptin 100 mg/d; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were randomized to ertugliflozin 5 mg once‐daily, 15 mg once‐daily or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at Week 26; treatment was continued until Week 52.ResultsA total of 464 patients were randomized (mean baseline HbA1c, 8.0% [64.3 mmol/mol]; eGFR, 87.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). After 26 weeks, placebo‐adjusted least squares (LS) mean changes in HbA1c from baseline were −0.7% (−7.5 mmol/mol) and −0.8% (−8.3 mmol/mol) for ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg, respectively (both P < .001); 17.0%, 32.1% and 39.9% of patients receiving placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg or ertugliflozin 15 mg, respectively, had HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol). Significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were observed with ertugliflozin relative to placebo. The positive effects of ertugliflozin on glycaemic control, BW and SBP were maintained through Week 52. A higher incidence of genital mycotic infections was observed in male and female patients receiving ertugliflozin (3.7%‐14.1%) vs placebo (0%‐1.9%) through Week 52. The incidence of urinary tract infections, symptomatic hypoglycaemia and hypovolaemia adverse events were not meaningfully different across groups.ConclusionsErtugliflozin added to metformin and sitagliptin was well‐tolerated, and provided clinically meaningful, durable glycaemic control, BW and SBP reductions vs placebo over 52 weeks.
Education for global citizenship and sustainable development in social science textbooks
Authors: Jimenez Jeremy David , Lerch Julia , Bromley Patricia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article reviews the state of research and data on relevant content, broadly understood as sustainable development, in social science textbooks worldwide. Specifically, it examines the extent to which these textbooks could help learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and values that are needed to meet goal 4.7 of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals: ‘By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non‐violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's contribution to sustainable development’. It reviews relevant literature and analyses three cross‐national, longitudinal databases containing information that is coded from textbook content to assess the current state of knowledge. In addition to analysing measures concerning the environment and sustainable development, this article also focuses on areas of human rights, global citizenship, gender equality, and multiculturalism/social diversity. We find that textbook discussions of these variables have, in general, steadily increased since the middle of the 20th century. The article concludes by indicating where future research efforts are most needed, identifying geographic and substantive needs, and considering monitoring mechanisms that could encourage on‐going evaluation and monitoring of textbook content.
Partnering to change the world for people with haemophilia: 7th Haemophilia Global Summit, Madrid, Spain 22–24 September 2016
Authors: Dolan Gerry 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe 7th Haemophilia Global Summit was held in Madrid, Spain, in September 2016. With a programme designed, for the 6th consecutive year, by a Scientific Steering Committee of haemophilia experts, the aim of the summit was to share optimal management strategies for haemophilia at all life stages and to provide an opportunity for specialists from across the haemophilia multidisciplinary care team to engage in discussion and debate with leading international experts on current and future areas of research. Topics covered ranged from the optimisation of haemophilia management, emerging issues in clinical care, practical approaches and future perspectives, in addition to patient engagement and empowerment in modern haemophilia care.
Does an observer's empathy influence my pain? Effect of perceived empathetic or unempathetic support on a pain test
Authors: Fauchon C. , Faillenot I. , Perrin A. M. , Borg C. , Pichot V. , Chouchou F. , Garcia‐Larrea L. , Peyron R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe physiological and behavioural effects of empathy for other's pain have been widely investigated, while the opposite situation, i.e. the influence on one's pain of empathetic feedback from others, remains largely unexplored. Here, we assessed whether and how empathetic and unempathetic comments from observers modulate pain and associated vegetative reactions. In Study 1, conversations between observers of a pain study were recorded by professional actors. Comments were prepared to be perceived as empathetic, unempathetic or neutral, and were validated in 40 subjects. In a subsequent pain experiment (Study 2), changes in subjective pain and heart rate were investigated in 30 naïve participants who could overhear the empathetic or unempathetic conversations pre‐recorded in study 1. Subjective pain was significantly attenuated when hearing empathetic comments, as compared to both unempathetic and neutral conditions, while unempathetic comments failed to significantly modulate pain. Heart rate increased when hearing unempathetic remarks and when receiving pain stimuli, but heart acceleration to nociceptive stimulation was not correlated with pain ratings. These results suggest that empathetic feedback from observers has a positive influence on pain appraisal and that this effect may surpass the negative effect of unempathetic remarks. Negative remarks can either trigger feelings of guilt or induce irritation/anger, with antagonistic effects on pain that might explain inter‐individual variation. As in basal conditions heart rate and pain perception are positively correlated, their dissociation here suggests that changes in subjective pain were linked to a cognitive bias rather than changes in sensory input.
The neurobiological bases of autism spectrum disorders: the R451C‐neuroligin 3 mutation hampers the expression of long‐term synaptic depression in the dorsal striatum
Authors: Martella Giuseppina , Meringolo Maria , Trobiani Laura , De Jaco Antonella , Pisani Antonio , Bonsi Paola 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders with a complex genetic etiology. Current theories on the pathogenesis of ASDs suggest that they might arise from an aberrant synaptic transmission affecting specific brain circuits and synapses. The striatum, which is part of the basal ganglia circuit, is one of the brain regions involved in ASDs. Mouse models of ASDs have provided evidence for an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Here, we investigated the expression of long‐term synaptic plasticity at corticostriatal glutamatergic synapses in the dorsal striatum of the R451C‐NL3 phenotypic mouse model of autism. This mouse model carries the human R451C mutation in the neuroligin 3 (NL3) gene that has been associated with highly penetrant autism in a Swedish family. The R451C‐NL3 mouse has been shown to exhibit autistic‐like behaviors and alterations of synaptic transmission in different brain areas. However, excitatory glutamatergic transmission and its long‐term plasticity have not been investigated in the dorsal striatum so far. Our results indicate that the expression of long‐term synaptic depression (LTD) at corticostriatal glutamatergic synapses in the dorsal striatum is impaired by the R451C‐NL3 mutation. A partial rescue of LTD was obtained by exogenous activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors or enhancement of the endocannabinoid tone, suggesting that an altered cannabinoid drive might underlie the deficit of synaptic plasticity in the dorsal striatum of R451C‐NL3 mice.
Effects of spatial smoothing on functional brain networks
Authors: Alakörkkö Tuomas , Saarimäki Heini , Glerean Enrico , Saramäki Jari , Korhonen Onerva 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGraph‐theoretical methods have rapidly become a standard tool in studies of the structure and function of the human brain. Whereas the structural connectome can be fairly straightforwardly mapped onto a complex network, there are more degrees of freedom in constructing networks that represent functional connections between brain areas. For functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, such networks are typically built by aggregating the blood‐oxygen‐level dependent signal time series of voxels into larger entities (such as Regions of Interest in some brain atlas) and determining their connection strengths from some measure of time‐series correlations. Although it is evident that the outcome must be affected by how the voxel‐level time series are treated at the preprocessing stage, there is a lack of systematic studies of the effects of preprocessing on network structure. Here, we focus on the effects of spatial smoothing, a standard preprocessing method for fMRI. We apply various levels of spatial smoothing to resting‐state fMRI data and measure the changes induced in functional networks. We show that the level of spatial smoothing clearly affects the degrees and other centrality measures of functional network nodes; these changes are non‐uniform, systematic, and depend on the geometry of the brain. The composition of the largest connected network component is also affected in a way that artificially increases the similarity of the networks of different subjects. Our conclusion is that wherever possible, spatial smoothing should be avoided when preprocessing fMRI data for network analysis.
The effectiveness of asset, liability and equity hedging against catastrophe risk: the cases of winter storms in North America and Europe
Authors: Wu Yang‐Che , Yang Ming Jing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe winter storms in North America and Europe are responsible for the majority of the insured natural catastrophe losses. This study analyzes the effectiveness of insurers hedging against the winter storm risk in terms of asset (catastrophe derivatives), liability (catastrophe bonds) and equity (catastrophe equity puts) risk management perspectives. The analysis results of the various financial performances show that our suggested hedging strategies are effective based on the long‐term positive profit and the improvement in the insolvency ratios. The conclusions of this study provide the insurers with less volatile premiums and more diversified portfolios under catastrophe risk management.
How numbers of the future are shaping today: The role of forecasts and calculations in public sector strategic thinking
Authors: Brorström Sara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article examines the role of numbers in forming a city strategy in the case of Gothenburg, Sweden. The article illustrates how numbers make people act and react and shape the strategy process. The study is situated between the theoretical fields of accounting and strategy processes in cities. By relating them to the concept of ‘governmentality’, numbers are seen as helping render the city governable. Because strategizing is seen as concerning the future, the actors involved in drafting the strategy feel free to challenge historically institutionalized practices. The effect is paradoxical: the future‐looking strategy process becomes a forum for solving current problems.
Estimation of P‐S‐N curves in very‐high‐cycle fatigue: Statistical procedure based on a general crack growth rate model
Authors: Paolino D.S. , Tridello A. , Chiandussi G. , Rossetto M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExtensive experimental investigations show that internal defects play a key role in the very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) response of metallic materials and that crack growth from internal defects can take place even if the stress intensity factor associated to the initial defect is below the threshold for crack growth. By introducing a reduction term in the typical formulation of the threshold for crack growth, the authors recently proposed a general phenomenological model, which can effectively describe crack growth from internal defects in VHCF. The model is able to consider the different crack growth scenarios that may arise in VHCF and is enough general to embrace the various weakening mechanisms proposed in the literature for explaining why crack can grow below the threshold.In the present paper, the model is generalized in a statistical framework. The statistical distributions of the crack growth threshold and of the initial defect size are put into the model. The procedure for the estimation of the Probabilistic‐S‐N curves and of the fatigue limit distribution is illustrated and numerically applied to an experimental dataset.
Amino acid composition, antioxidant and functional properties of protein hydrolysates from the roe of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Rajabzadeh Mahsa , Pourashouri Parastoo , Shabanpour Bahare , Alishahi Alireza 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA fish roe protein hydrolysate from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout roe protein hydrolysates (TRH) was produced by pepsin and Alcalase. Proximate, amino acid compositions, protein digestibility and molecular mass distribution of the hydrolysates were determined. The degree of hydrolysis was found to be 44.08% and 27.62% (pepsin and Alcalase, respectively). The two hydrolysates contained a high amount of essential amino acids (33.53% Alcalase–29.39% pepsin). The results showed that TRH by different enzymes is a good source of the leucine and lysine amino acids. The pepsin produced a white powder with higher brightness (L* = 89.50). Alcalase hydrolysate was brownish yellow in colour (L* = 52.85, a* = 10.30, b* = 26.25). The hydrolysates represented excellent antioxidant activities in various concentrations. TRHs showed a good foaming and emulsification properties. The results thus revealed that protein hydrolysates from rainbow trout roe could be used as food additives possessing essential amino acids and antioxidant activity.
MUCOID IMPACTION OF THE BRONCHI
Authors: HARVEY COTTER , BLACKET R. B. , READ JOHN 
Published: September 2017

SummarySeven cases illustrating the syndrome of mucoid impaction of bronchi are described. The syndrome seems to be confined to asthmatics. It may be clinically silent for long periods, or it may lead to bronchiectasis, pulmonary infection and hæmoptysis. Radiologically it may show both peripheral and hilar components. Diagnostically it may be confused with pulmonary tuberculosis, neoplasm or Loeffler's syndrome.Treatment is primarily medical. Adrenal corticoids may aggravate infection and are contraindicated. Surgical resection may be necessary to remove areas of destroyed lung or when a differentiation from bronchial carcinoma is impossible on clinical grounds.Lobectomy was performed in two cases only in this series, and the examination of operation specimens showed bronchi occluded by eosinophilic mucous material. There was inflammation with disorganization of the bronchial walls, and the alveoli showed collapse and lipoid pneumonia.It is considered that the syndrome described represents a more benign and localized variant of the widespread mucus obstruction of small bronchi found in fatal cases of status asthmaticus, and that both have their basis in a quantitative or qualitative disorder of bronchial mucus secretion in asthmatics. This disorder may be present even when clinical asthma is temporarily absent.
A NOTE ON A B O BLOOD GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN CARCINOMA OF THE ŒSOPHAGUS AND CARDIA
Authors: BILLINGTON B. P. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn 119 cases of squamous carcinoma of the œsophagus the A B O blood group distribution has not shown significant difference from that of a control population.The A B O blood group distribution in 86 cases of carcinoma of the cardia of the stomach appears to show a significant difference from that of a control population, the incidence of group A being 19.7% above the expected value.
MEGALOBLASTIC ANÆMIA ASSOCIATED WITH ANTICONVULSANT DRUG THERAPY
Authors: STOKES JOHN B. , FORTUNE CYRIL 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAn epileptic boy of 16 years developed megaloblastic anæmia while being treated with primidone and phenytoin. There was an optimal hæmatological response to folic acid therapy. Laboratory investigations showed a normal serum concentration of vitamin B12 and normal radioactive vitamin B12 absorption. This is the thirty‐third reported case of megaloblastic anæmia associated with anticonvulsant therapy.Certain features common to the majority of these cases suggest that a folic acid deficiency or a derangement of folic acid metabolism is responsible for the megaloblastic anæmia. All 20 patients treated with folic acid responded optimally. Eight patients are reported to have responded to vitamin B12, one to liver extract and four to a combination of folic acid and vitamin B12.It is suggested that the anticonvulsant drugs have an antifolic acid action which is too mild to produce megaloblastic anæmia in the majority of epileptics unless one or more co‐factors operate. A suboptimal folic acid intake is postulated as the main co‐factor in at least five of the 20 cases in which there was a response to folic acid and perhaps also in some of the cases in which a response has been reported to vitamin B12. In one case repeated hæmorrhage, in another pregnancy and in a third case a possible latent steatorrhœa are postulated as additional co‐factors.
Pricing and inventory strategies under quick response with strategic and myopic consumers
Authors: Wang Xuantao , Ma Peng , Zhang Yulin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe divide consumers in the selling period into two types according to their purchasing behavior: strategic customers and myopic customers. We address the optimal inventory and pricing decision problem of a retailer considering strategic and myopic consumers with and without a quick response. The results indicate that the retailer should establish a higher price to sell only to myopic customers if there is a sufficient presence of myopic customers in the market, and the retailer should set a lower price to sell to myopic and strategic customers if the number of myopic customers in the market is relatively low. A quick response can decrease the initial ordering quantity and increase the retailer's profit when selling only to myopic customers or selling to both myopic and strategic customers. Moreover, a quick response is beneficial for the retailer to improve the product's retail price if the retailer wishes the two types of customers to purchase the product during the selling period. We also find that the pricing strategy considering strategic and myopic consumers under a quick response will increase profits more than the pricing strategy only considering myopic customers. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate and validate the proposed models and provide managerial insights.
Lectin BS‐I inhibits cell migration and invasion via AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jian Qiang , Yang Zhao , Shu Jian , Liu Xiawei , Zhang Jing , Li Zheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most common malignant cancer worldwide; however, the mortality rate of HCC remains high due to the invasion and metastasis of HCC. Thus, exploring novel treatments to prevent the invasion of HCC is needed for improving clinical outcome of this fatal disease. In this study, we identified lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds (BS‐I) binds to metastasis‐associated HCC cell surface glycans by a lectin microarray and inhibits HCC cell migration and invasion through downregulating the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) production. These effects of BS‐I were mediated by inhibiting the activation of AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway and depended on specificity of lectin BS‐I binding to GalNAc. GSK3β inhibitors rescued BS‐I‐mediated inhibition of migration and invasion of HCC cell. Further, we identified that lectin BS‐I interacts with sGrp78, affects membrane localization of sGrp78 and attenuates the binding of sGrp78 and p85 to inhibit the activation of AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway. Overexpression of Grp78 or P85 rescues BS‐I‐mediated inhibition of migration and invasion of HCC cell. These findings demonstrated for the first time that BS‐I can act as a novel potential drug to prevent the invasion of HCC.
Ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis and periodontitis in mice
Authors: Hiyari Sarah , Wong Ryan L. , Yaghsezian Aline , Naghibi Azadi , Tetradis Sotirios , Camargo Paulo M. , Pirih Flavia Q. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimPeri‐implantitis (PI), inflammation around dental implants, shares characteristics with periodontitis (PD). However, PI is more difficult to control and treat, and detailed pathophysiology is unclear. We aimed to compare PI and PD progression utilizing a murine model.Materials and MethodsFour‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice had their left maxillary molars extracted. Implants were placed in healed extraction sockets and osseointegrated. Ligatures were tied around the implants and second molars. Controls did not receive ligatures. Mice were sacrificed 1 week, 1 and 3 months (n ≥ 5/group/time point) post‐ligature placement. Bone loss analysis was performed. Histology was performed for: haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), toluidine blue and calcein.ResultsPI showed statistically greater bone loss compared to PD at 1 and 3 months. At 3 months, 20% of implants in PI exfoliated; no natural teeth exfoliated in PD. H&E revealed that alveolar bone surrounding implants in PI appeared less dense compared to PD. PI presented with increased osteoclasts, MMP‐8 and NF‐κB, compared to PD.ConclusionPI exhibited greater tissue and bone destruction compared to PD. Future studies will characterize the pathophysiological differences between the two conditions.