bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse managers: Determinants and behaviours in relation to patient and visitor aggression in general hospitals. A qualitative study
Authors: Heckemann Birgit , Peter Karin A , Halfens Ruud JG , Schols Jos MGA , Kok Gerjo , Hahn Sabine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAim(s)To explore nurse managers’ behaviours, attitudes, perceived social norms, and behavioural control in the prevention and management of patient and visitor aggression in general hospitals.BackgroundPatient and visitor aggression in general hospitals is a global problem that incurs substantial human suffering and organizational cost. Managers are key persons for creating low‐aggression environments, yet their role and behaviours in reducing patient and visitor aggression remains unexplored.DesignA qualitative descriptive study underpinned by the Reasoned Action Approach.Method(s)Between October 2015–January 2016, we conducted five focus groups and 13 individual interviews with nurse leaders in Switzerland. The semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analysed in a qualitative content analysis.FindingsWe identified three main themes: (i) Background factors: “Patient and visitor aggression is perceived through different lenses”; (ii) Determinants and intention: “Good intentions competing with harsh organizational reality”; (iii) Behaviours: “Preventing and managing aggressive behaviour and relentlessly striving to create low‐aggression work environments”.Conclusion(s)Addressing patient and visitor aggression is difficult for nurse managers due to a lack of effective communication, organizational feedback loops, protocols, and procedures that connect the situational and organizational management of aggressive incidents. Furthermore, tackling aggression at an organizational level is a major challenge for nurse managers due to scant financial resources and lack of interest. Treating patient and visitor aggression as a business case may increase organizational awareness and interest. Furthermore, clear communication of expectations, needs and resources could optimize support provision for staff.
Genomic phylogeography of the endemic Mountain Black‐eye of Borneo (Chlorocharis emiliae): montane and lowland populations differ in patterns of Pleistocene diversification
Authors: Manthey Joseph D. , Moyle Robert G. , Gawin Dency F. , Rahman Mustafa Abdul , Ramji Mohamad Fizl Sidq , Sheldon Frederick H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimOur understanding of population diversification in the lowlands of Sundaland has improved substantially over the last 20 years through phylogeographical study, but we know almost nothing about population diversification in the mountains of the region. Here, we apply genomic analysis and habitat modelling to the phylogeography ofChlorocharis emiliae, the Mountain Black‐eye, an endemic montane bird of Borneo with a sky‐island distribution, to investigate the structure and interconnectivity of its populations. In the process, we consider factors driving population diversification in the mountains versus lowlands on the island, and how population structure ofC. emiliaecompares with structure of previously studied lowland species.LocationBorneo.MethodsUsingRAD‐seq, we produced thousands ofSNPs in 25 individuals from five sky‐island populations ofC. emiliae. These populations represent the species entire range across Borneo. Genetic structure and species tree analyses were applied to measure population relationships and connectivity. Ecological niche modelling was used to estimate habitat distributions during current andLGMtime periods.ResultsWe identified slight to moderate genetic distinctiveness among all populations. Based on demographic models, isolation with migration was the main pattern of divergence, and the most admixture occurred among three populations in north‐eastern Borneo: Kinabalu, Trus Madi and Murud. The most divergent population, Pueh, in north‐western Borneo, has low genetic diversity and a small effective population size, is geographically isolated and has diverged in isolation without notable gene flow. These results, based on a large genomic dataset, contradict the evolutionary relationships identified in an earlier mitochondrialDNAstudy.Main conclusionsGenomic phylogeographical comparisons indicate that diversification among sky‐island populations ofC. emiliaewas driven largely by distance and historical habitat distribution, resulting in isolation but also some inter‐population gene flow. During Pleistocene glacial events, cooler temperatures would have caused montane forest to descend and spread, thereby increasing connectivity among sky‐island populations. However, despite increased montane habitat, the north‐western population of Pueh remained isolated. This montane pattern contrasts with phylogeographical patterns in the Bornean lowlands, where populations often display evidence of vicariance followed by secondary contact.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with box isolation of fibrotic areas: Lessons on fibrosis distribution and extent, clinical characteristics, and their impact on long‐term outcome
Authors: Schreiber Doreen , Rieger Andreas , Moser Fabian , Kottkamp Hans 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe BIFA concept (box isolation of fibrotic areas) supplementing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was implemented in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy (FACM) to improve catheter ablation outcomes.Methods and resultsNinety‐two patients with FACM underwent PVI + BIFA. We investigated patient characteristics (58 persistent/34 paroxysmal, 68 ± 8 years, LA 44 ± 7 mm, CHA2DS2‐VASc 2.6 ± 1.3, FACM I: 15.2%, II: 53.3%, III: 26.1%, IV: 5.4%), periprocedural data concerning fibrosis extent/distribution, and their impact on outcome.Based on severe fibrosis areas (SFAs) of 13.5 ± 13.9 cm2 detected by voltage mapping, 1.4 ± 0.5 boxes (n = 1–3, 2.2–35.3 cm2) were applied in the left atrium. With higher grade FACM, SFAs increased and maximum voltage decreased (I/IV: 6.29/3.18 mV). Anterior (ant.) SFAs were found to be more common and larger than posterior (post.) SFAs (58.3% vs. 42.6%, ant. 8.0 ± 8.0 vs. post. 4.7 ± 6.8 cm2). In 40 of 92 (43%) patients, both atrial walls were affected with rare cases of solely post. fibrosis (6 of 92, 6.6%).Women (39 of 92, 42%) showed FACM III+IV more often than men (P = 0.022) and can still present paroxysmal while persistent males are more likely to have FACM I‐II. Single and multiple procedure (1.2/patient) success was 69% and 83% after 16 ± 8 months with an unfavorable impact of large SFA size, both‐sided fibrosis and reduced maximum voltage, independently of patient characteristics and AF type.ConclusionFACM patients are a challenging AF subgroup for catheter ablation. Women seem to show FACM III+IV more often than men. The distribution of left atrial fibrosis is variable but more pronounced anteriorly. Atrial disease is characterized by SFA size but also maximum voltage reduction, both with implications on ablation outcome. Using BIFA, success rates of patients without fibrosis can be approached but are limited in FACM III+IV.
Three‐year outcomes and reconnection patterns after initial contact force guided pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nair Girish M. , Yeo Colin , MacDonald Zachary , Ainslie Mark P. , Alqarawi Wael A. , Nery Pablo B. , Redpath Calum J. , Sadek Mouhannad , Spence Stewart , Green Martin S. , Birnie David H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and objectiveContact force (CF) sensing is a novel technology used for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared the single procedure success of CF‐guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with that of non‐CF guided PVI during a 3‐year (1,095 days) follow up period and analyzed the pattern of pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection.MethodsA cohort of 167 subjects (68 CF vs. 99 non‐CF) with paroxysmal AF were included in the study. Atrial arrhythmia (AA) recurrence was defined as documented AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting >30 seconds and occurring after 90 days.ResultsSubjects in the CF group showed a statistically nonsignificant improvement in AA free survival compared to those in the non‐CF group (66.2% vs. 51.5%; P value: 0.06). A greater propensity for reconnection was noted around the right‐sided PVs compared to left‐sided PVs related in both catheter ablation groups. For example, in the CF group 36% of right‐sided segments reconnected compared to 16% of left‐sided segments (P value <0.01).ConclusionsA greater propensity for reconnection was noted around the right sided PV segments in both the CF and non‐CF groups. The explanation for this finding was related to greater catheter instability around the right sided veins. Further research is needed to explore the utility of a “real‐time” composite indicator that includes RF energy, CF and catheter stability in predicting transmural lesion formation during catheter ablation.
Suppression or knockout of SaF/SaM overcomes the Sa‐mediated hybrid male sterility in rice
Authors: Xie Yongyao , Niu Baixiao , Long Yunming , Li Gousi , Tang Jintao , Zhang Yaling , Ren Ding , Liu Yao‐Guang , Chen Letian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa) are usually sterile, which hinders utilization of heterosis in the inter‐subspecific hybrid breeding. The complex locus Sa comprises two adjacently located genes, SaF and SaM, which interact to cause abortion of pollen grains carrying the japonica allele in japonica‐indica hybrids. Here we showed that silencing of SaF or SaM by RNA interference restored male fertility in indica‐japonica hybrids with heterozygous Sa. We further used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐based genome editing to knockout the SaF and SaM alleles, respectively, of an indica rice line to create hybrid‐compatible lines. The resultant artificial neutral alleles did not affect pollen viability and other agricultural traits, but did break down the reproductive barrier in the hybrids. We found that some rice lines have natural neutral allele Sa‐n, which was compatible with the typical japonica or indica Sa alleles in hybrids. Our results demonstrate that SaF and SaM are required for hybrid male sterility, but are not essential for pollen development. This study provides effective approaches for the generation of hybrid‐compatible lines by knocking out the Sa locus or using the natural Sa‐n allele to overcome hybrid male sterility in rice breeding. © 2017 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marital Status and Perceived Discrimination Among Transgender People
Authors: Liu Hui , Wilkinson Lindsey 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite calls for increased attention to the experiences of transgender people, scientific understanding of the stigma and discrimination this population experiences is limited. The authors integrate minority stress and marital advantage perspectives to assess marital status differences in transgender‐related perceived discrimination among transgender people in multiple life domains: the workplace, family, health care, and public accommodations. They analyze one of the first and most comprehensive large‐scale samples of transgender people in the United States (N = 4,286), the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. They find that married transgender respondents tend to report lower levels of perceived discrimination than their cohabiting and previously married transgender counterparts. Married transgender respondents do not, however, report lower levels of perceived discrimination than their never married counterparts, once all covariates are accounted for. These marital status differences appear primarily among transwomen but not transmen. Economic resources account for some, but not all, of these differences.
Effects of in ovo injection of chrysin, quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability, somatic attributes, hepatic oxidative status and early post‐hatch performance of broiler chicks
Authors: Khaligh F. , Hassanabadi A. , Nassiri‐Moghaddam H. , Golian A. , Kalidari G.‐A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of chrysin, quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability, somatic attributes, hepatic antioxidant status and early post‐hatch growth performance of broiler chicks. Four hundred and eighty embryonated broiler breeder eggs containing live 18‐day‐old embryos were divided into six groups of 80 eggs each. One group remained intact and served as a control group (i), whereas the other five groups were injected with the prepared injection solutions as follows: (ii) 0.05 ml distilled water; (iii) 0.05 ml distilled water containing 6 mg ascorbic acid; (iv) 0.05 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); (v) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg quercetin; and (vi) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg chrysin. The hatchability rate, hatching weight, residual yolk sac weight, yolk sac‐free body weight, liver weight, hepatic glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities, as well as malondialdehyde concentrations, were not affected by the injected solutions. There were no differences between chicks hatched from the control and in ovo injected eggs in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio from 0 to 11 days of age. However, the specific contrast performed between the in ovo injected groups and intact eggs revealed that in ovo injection significantly increased hatchability rate (p = .0493). This finding also implies that our injection procedure was harmless. In conclusion, the intra‐egg injection of chrysin, quercetin or ascorbic acid at the injection rates used in this study did not have a significant effect on hatchability, somatic characteristics, early growth performance and hepatic antioxidant status of broiler chicks. However, the overall hatchability was higher in the in ovo injected eggs as compared to non‐injected ones. These findings also confirmed the harmlessness of the procedure developed for in ovo injection in this study.
Audio‐computer‐assisted survey interview and patient navigation to increase chronic viral hepatitis diagnosis and linkage to care in urban health clinics
Authors: de la Torre A. N. , Castaneda I. , Ahmad M. , Ekholy N. , Tham N. , Herrera I. B. , Beaty P. , Malapero R. J. , Ayoub F. , Slim J. , Johnson M. B. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIntravenous drug use and sexual practices account for 60% of hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) infection. Disclosing these activities can be embarrassing and reduce risk reporting, blood testing and diagnosis. In diagnosed patients, linkage to care remains a challenge. Audio‐computer‐assisted survey interview (Audio‐CASI) was used to guide HCV and HBV infection testing in urban clinics. Risk reporting, blood testing and serology results were compared to historical controls. A patient navigator (PN) followed up blood test results and provided patients with positive serology linkage to care (LTC). Of 1932 patients surveyed, 574 (30%) were at risk for chronic viral hepatitis. A total of 254 (44.3%) patients were tested, 34 (13.5%) had serology warranting treatment evaluation, and 64% required HBV vaccination. Of 16 patients with infection, seven HCV and three HBV patients started treatment following patient LTC. Of 146 HBV‐naïve patients, 70 completed vaccination. About 75% and 49% of HCV antibody and HBV surface antigen‐positive patients were born between 1945 and 1965. Subsequently, automated HCV testing of patients born between 1945 and 1965 was built into our hospital electronic medical records. Average monthly HCV antibody testing increased from 245 (January‐June) to 1187 (July‐October). Patient navigator directed LTC for HCV antibody‐positive patients was 61.6%. In conclusion, audio‐CASI can identify patients at risk for HCV or HBV infection and those in need of HBV vaccination in urban medical clinics. Although blood testing once a patient is identified at risk for infection needs to increase, a PN is useful to provide LTC of newly diagnosed patients.
Diversity and abundance of human‐pathogenic fungi associated with pigeon faeces in urban environments
Authors: Lee Won Dong , Fong Jonathan J. , Eimes John A. , Lim Young Woon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPathogenic fungi are a growing health concern worldwide, particularly in large, densely populated cities. The dramatic upsurge of pigeon populations in cities has been implicated in the increased incidence of invasive fungal infections. In this study, we used a culture‐independent, high‐throughput sequencing approach to describe the diversity of clinically relevant fungi (CRF) associated with pigeon faeces and map the relative abundance of CRF across Seoul, Korea. In addition, we tested whether certain geographical, sociological and meteorological factors were significantly associated with the diversity and relative abundance of CRF. Finally, we compared the CRF diversity of fresh and old pigeon faeces to identify the source of the fungi and the role of pigeons in dispersal. Our results demonstrated that both the composition and relative abundance of CRF are unevenly distributed across Seoul. The green area ratio and the number of multiplex houses were positively correlated with species diversity, whereas wind speed and number of households were negatively correlated. The number of workers and green area ratio were positively correlated with the relative abundance of CRF, whereas wind speed was negatively correlated. Because many CRF were absent in fresh faeces, we inferred that most species cannot survive the gastrointestinal tract of pigeons and instead are likely transmitted through soil or air and use pigeon faeces as a substrate for proliferation.
Covalent attachment and Pro‐Pro endopeptidase (PPEP‐1)‐mediated release of Clostridium difficile cell surface proteins involved in adhesion
Authors: Corver Jeroen , Cordo’ Valentina , van Leeuwen Hans C. , Klychnikov Oleg I. , Hensbergen Paul J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn the past decade, Clostridium difficile has emerged as an important gut pathogen. This anaerobic, Gram‐positive bacterium is the main cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea. Whereas much is known about the mechanism through which the C. difficile toxins cause diarrhea, relatively little is known about the dynamics of adhesion and motility, which is mediated by cell surface proteins. This review will discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the sortase‐mediated covalent attachment of cell surface (adhesion) proteins to the peptidoglycan layer of C. difficile and their release through the action of a highly specific secreted metalloprotease (Pro‐Pro endopeptidase 1, PPEP‐1). Specific emphasis will be on a model in which PPEP‐1 and its substrates control the switch from a sessile to motile phenotype in C. difficile, and how this is regulated by the cyclic dinucleotide c‐di‐GMP (3′‐5′ cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate).
Nutrition in Renal Supportive Care: Patient‐driven and flexible
Authors: Stevenson Jessica , Meade Anthony , Randall Ann‐Maree , Manley Karen , Notaras Stephanie , Heaney Susan , Chan Maria , Smyth Alison , Josland Elizabeth , Brennan Frank Patrick , Brown Mark A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRenal Supportive Care is an alternative treatment pathway in advanced chronic kidney disease that is being increasingly adopted, particularly in the elderly. Renal Supportive Care uses principles of palliative care and has been developed to enhance the care for dialysis patients with a high symptom burden and those being managed on a non‐dialysis pathway. Nutrition management is often an under‐recognized component of care and can play an important role in improving patients' quality of life to reduce symptom burden, support physical function and independence and provide appropriate counselling to patients and their families to ensure the goals of Renal Supportive Care are met. Nutrition interventions need to target patient and treatment goals, with frequent monitoring to ensure patient needs are being met. This review outlines available literature on this topic and suggests some practical ways in which nutrition can be enhanced for these patients.
Job satisfaction mediates subjective social status and turnover intention among Chinese nurses
Authors: Feng Danjun , Su Shan , Yang Yang , Xia Jinghua , Su Yonggang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNurse turnover is one of the reasons for the global nurse shortage. Although previous studies have examined the determinants of turnover intention in detail, there is limited knowledge on the effect of subjective social status on nurse turnover intention. Therefore, in this study, we examined this relationship, including job satisfaction as a mediator, among Chinese nurses. This cross‐sectional study employed questionnaires to assess subjective social status, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in 581 nurses who were randomly recruited from 10 hospitals in Jinan, China. The results partially supported our model. Although subjective social status exerted no significant direct effect on turnover intention, it exerted a significant indirect effect through job satisfaction. These results provide a new insight into why nurses leave their jobs, and possible new solutions to the nurse turnover problem. Efforts should be made to improve nurses' subjective social status.
Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Seen in the Pediatric Dermatology Office
Authors: Gittler Julia K. , Mu Euphemia W. , Orlow Seth J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtypical and severe clinical manifestations of primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections may present to a pediatric dermatologist for evaluation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of the population diagnosed with HSV referred to a pediatric dermatology office.MethodsThis retrospective case series examined patients diagnosed with HSV in a pediatric dermatology practice at an academic medical center from 2005 to 2015. Characteristics of the population were collected and analyzed.ResultsIn this study of 48 children diagnosed with HSV, 33% presented at age 2 years or younger, with approximately half having exhibited initial symptoms before 2 years of age; 39.6% of the population had six or more outbreaks per year. The outbreaks were equally divided between unifocal and multifocal presentations, with 60% of children without any labial or mucosal involvement. Suppressive treatment was initiated in 33% of patients; the average age at initiation was 6 years.ConclusionOur data characterize a subset of immunocompetent young children who present to pediatric dermatologists with frequent HSV outbreaks that are often multifocal and involve cutaneous sites, with or without mucosal involvement.
Longitudinal study on the use of dried blood spots for home monitoring in children after kidney transplantation
Authors: Al‐Uzri A. , Freeman K. A. , Wade Jordan , Clark K. , Bleyle L. A. , Munar M. , Koop D. R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe use of DBSs for home monitoring has been limited due to unsatisfactory blood sampling and analytical difficulties. The aim of this longitudinal feasibility trial was to assess the utility of DBS to monitor TAC and Cr at home in transplant recipients. A total of 30 participants (2‐21 years, mean±SD, 13.6±5.4 year) were enrolled over 12 months. Eighteen were males. Monthly DBS samples were obtained at home and mailed to the central laboratory for analysis of TAC and Cr. Nineteen patients completed the study, and 216 cards were received in the laboratory from a total of 279 cards expected, with 416/519 (80%) blood spots being suitable for analysis. We found a high correlation between blood TAC and Cr levels by DBS and the clinical laboratory, R2=.81 and .95, respectively. Fifteen parents and 15 youth completed measures of satisfaction with and preference for DBS testing. All but one parent/caregiver and youth reported satisfaction and preference for this method of testing over laboratory blood draws. We conclude that home DBS monitoring is a feasible method to monitor TAC and Cr in pediatric transplant recipients.