bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Demand and Modelling of Energy Systems: Five Decades from Little Knowledge to Differentiated Know-How
Authors: Jochem Eberhard , Bradke Harald , Dütschke Elisabeth , Klobasa Marian , Wietschel Martin , Plötz Patrick , Fleiter Tobias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolicy-oriented research of efficient energy use and energy demand during the last five decades developed from the scratch to a quite complex research field with many perspectives: new and improved energy-efficient buildings, vehicles, and production processes, structural changes in industry, income, rebound, and saturation effects. Although energy-efficient solutions were (and are) highly profitable, several obstacles prevent their full realisation. Energy policy “discovered” energy efficiency as the “fifth energy source” in the 1980s and labelled its policy priority after the increase of oil prices in the early 2010s by “efficiency first”, although policy analysts may have doubts regarding the real energy policy and allocation of resources. The liberalisation of grid-based energy supply triggered a strong push for demand-side measures (flexible demand; energy services). Electricity demand models became much more dynamic in terms of time to match the increasingly fluctuating electricity supply and load shifting options. Climate policy since the 2010s induced a new wave of energy-efficient applications such as electric vehicles or heat pumps. Regarding the tough climate protection goals of a maximum temperature increase below 2.0 °C, more efficient energy use, conversion, and storage are likely to play a major role, particularly in using the large waste heat from useful energy applications.
Neuartige Luftfahrtmobilität im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Karpstein Robin , Holzapfel Florian , Biberthaler Peter , Müller Stefan 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas deutsche Gesundheitswesen steht vor einem großen Umbruch. In der Politik werden weitreichende und wegweisende Reformen für die mittel- bis langfristige Entwicklung diskutiert. In der aktuellen Zeit besteht die Chance und das Potenzial, Dinge neu zu denken und Türen für neue Technologien zu öffnen. Eine transformative Technologie für das Transportwesen im Gesundheitssektor stellt neuartige Luftfahrtmobilität wie Drohnen und Flugtaxis dar, die eine Verbesserung und Flexibilisierung versprechen. Insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Herausforderungen des bodengebundenen Transportes wie den Personalmangel und den stetig steigenden Verkehr ist neuartige Luftfahrtmobilität eine vielversprechende Option. Der konkrete Einsatzzweck und das beste Vorgehen, um die Potenziale zu heben, wird in dieser Studie diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass in Abhängigkeit der Nutzlast und Reichweiten die technische Machbarkeit beeinflusst wird und hierdurch der Möglichkeitsraum zu transportierender Gesundheitsgüter definiert wird. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass der größte Mehrwert dieser Technologie im Zeitgewinn zu erwarten ist, insbesondere bei lebensbedrohlichen Indikationen. Gleichzeitig ist es für eine erfolgreiche Einführung neuer Fluggeräte eminent, mithilfe niederschwelliger Anwendungen deren Nutzen zu verdeutlichen und Erfahrungen mit deren Umgang zu sammeln. Der Weg von einem Proof of Concept hin zu einem erfolgreichen Serieneinsatz wird ebenfalls in diesem Artikel diskutiert, um die vorhandenen Ressourcen möglichst optimal einzusetzen und einen zügigen Einsatz der neuartigen Luftfahrtmobilität im Gesundheitswesen zu ermöglichen.
Graphic abstract
EU-Pestizid-Governance: Pflanzenschutzmittel-Ordnungsrecht oder Mengensteuerung?
Authors: Ekardt Felix , Klimm Katharina , Holz Wilmont , Heyl Katharine 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie EU strebt an, den Einsatz von chemisch-synthetischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln und die davon ausgehenden
Risiken bis 2030 um 50 % zu reduzieren. Dieser Beitrag analysiert, inwieweit dies ordnungsrechtlich
erfolgen kann oder ob in der Rechtswirkungs-Perspektive eher ein Mengensteuerungssystem mit Ähnlichkeit
zum EU-Emissionshandel aussichtsreich wäre. Dafür werden konkrete Steuerungsoptionen entwickelt
und Voraussetzungen für wirksame Pestizid-Governance analysiert.
Die Markierung und Besenderung von Individuen wild lebender Tierarten aus naturschutz-, jagd- und tierschutzrechtlicher Sicht
Authors: Tolkmitt Dirk , Koch Andreas 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer kaum zu überblickenden Zahl von Forschungsprojekten, aber auch Formen von Citizen
Science werden im Bundesgebiet jährlich Hundertausende Individuen wild lebender Tierarten markiert,
in wesentlich geringeren Anteilen auch mit Sendern oder ähnlichen technischen Instrumenten ausgestattet.
Das wirft in erster Linie naturschutzrechtliche Fragen auf. Bei jagdbaren Arten kommt es aber zu Überschneidungen
mit dem Jagdrecht, hinsichtlich des Handlings der Tiere, der Art der Markierung und Besenderung auch zu
solchen mit dem Tierschutzrecht. Die Verwaltungspraxis in den Bundesländern ist derzeit von erheblichen
Unterschieden bei den Zuständigkeiten und erforderlichen Genehmigungsverfahren geprägt, obwohl
es in weiten Teilen um die Anwendung von Bundesrecht geht. Deshalb soll hier untersucht werden, inwieweit
neben dem Naturschutzrecht tatsächlich auch jagd- und tierschutzrechtliche Aspekte durch Formen der
Markierung und Besenderung berührt und etwaige Beteiligungs- oder gar Genehmigungserfordernisse begründet
werden. Der Schwerpunkt der Darstellung liegt dabei auf dem Umgang mit Vögeln. Besonderheiten bei
anderen Artengruppen werden aber ebenfalls beleuchtet.
Production of AZ80 magnesium alloy wires: influence of heat treatment on microstructure and properties after twin-roll casting
Authors: Kittner Kristina , Kaden Christoph , Ullmann Madlen , Prahl Ulrich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwin-roll casting (TRC) of magnesium sheets has already been analysed in numerous ways. The installation of a pilot plant for the twin-roll casting of magnesium wire at the Institute of Metal Forming, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, has opened up a further area for research. The principle of twin-roll casting of wire is comparable, although the microstructure development is different because of the resulting process-specific solidification and forming conditions. In this work, wire was produced for the first time from the magnesium alloy AZ80 using the TRC process. The microstructure consists of dendritic areas, twins, deformed areas and recrystallised grains. A non-basal texture with low intensity is developed, which is retained even after heat treatment. A temperature of 450 °C and a holding time of 1 h have been shown to be favourable for heat treatment to achieve a uniform grain structure. On the basis of the microstructure and texture analysis, the responsible recrystallisation mechanisms were discussed. Finally, mechanical properties at room temperature were presented and compared with extruded and cast material from the literature.
Ten sustainable steps infectious diseases professionals can take to mitigate the climate crisis
Authors: Doshi Shreya M. , Lee Pamela , Hymes Saul , Guzman-Cottrill Judith A. , Jaggi Preeti 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Climate change and pollution harm the public. The healthcare industry disproportionately contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Infection diseases professionals including infection preventionists and antimicrobial stewards are uniquely positioned to mitigate the environmental impact of our daily practices. We highlight 10 actionable steps that infectious disease professionals can incorporate into daily practices, thereby mitigating the impact of climate change.
The impact of hospital-specific guidelines on carbapenem use and patient outcomes in a setting for high endemicity with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli
Authors: Boşnak Cemre , Fındık Şeyda Betül , Atay Muhammed , Fakhouri Ward , Babazade Sada , Karadoğan Eda , Metan Gökhan , Uzun Ömrüm 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims to assess the impact of hospital-specific guidelines on the optimal utilization of carbapenems and to examine their effects on patient outcomes.

Design:
Quasi-experimental study.

Setting:
Tertiary care hospital in Turkey where infectious diseases (IDs) consultation and antibiotic approval are mandatory for carbapenem use.

Participants:
All inpatients ≥18 years of age who received a carbapenem for at least 24 hours during the study periods were enrolled.

Intervention:
Hospital-specific treatment guidelines were introduced in April 2019. The control group was the year 2018, when there were no guidelines (pre-GP). The year 2020 was analyzed as the intervention period (post-GP).

Results:
A total of 678 patients were analyzed, 326 in the pre-GP period and 352 in the post-GP period. Following guideline implementation, there was a significant increase in appropriate carbapenem use (49.1% in pre-GP vs 71.9% in post-GP, P < .001). The duration of carbapenem use decreased significantly (P = .019). However, there was no significant change in the incidence of new infection episodes within the subsequent 30 days (27.6% in pre-GP vs 28.3% in post-GP), or in the length of hospitalization [median (25%–75%) = 28 (16–46) in pre-GP, 28 (15–47.5) in post-GP, P = .678]. Mortality rates were similar at day 7 post-GP (1.7%) compared to pre-GP (0.03%) (P = .125).

Conclusions:
The implementation of guidelines increased the appropriate utilization of carbapenems, without resulting in extended hospital stays or recurrent episodes. Despite an increased number of patients admitted to the ICU during the latter period, infection-related mortality rates remained comparable.
Diagnostic stewardship for blood cultures in the pediatric intensive care unit: lessons in implementation from the BrighT STAR Collaborative
Authors: Woods-Hill Charlotte Z. , Koontz Danielle W. , Xie Anping , Colantuoni Elizabeth A. , Sick-Samuels Anna , Miller Marlene R. , Arthur Abigail , Aneja Anushree , Kumar Urmi , Milstone Aaron M. ,   for the Brigh T STAR authorship group
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
BrighT STAR was a diagnostic stewardship collaborative of 14 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) across the United States designed to standardize and reduce unnecessary blood cultures and study the impact on patient outcomes and broad-spectrum antibiotic use. We now examine the implementation process in detail to understand how sites facilitated this diagnostic stewardship program in their PICUs.

Design:
A multi-center electronic survey of the 14 BrighT STAR sites, based on qualitative data about the implementation process collected during the primary phase of BrighT STAR.

Setting:
14 PICUs enrolled in BrighT STAR.

Participants:
Site leads at each enrolled site.

Methods:
An electronic survey guided by implementation science literature and based on data collected during BrighT STAR was administered to all 14 sites after completion of the primary phase of the collaborative.

Results:
10 specific tasks appear critical to implementing blood culture diagnostic stewardship, with variability in site-level strategies employed to accomplish those tasks. Sites rated certain tasks and strategies as highly important. Strategies used in top-performing sites were distinct from those used in lower-performing sites. Certain strategies may link to drivers of culture overuse and represent key targets for changing clinician behavior.

Conclusions:
BrighT STAR offers important insights into the tasks and strategies used to facilitate successful diagnostic stewardship in the PICU. More work is needed to compare specific strategies and optimize stewardship outcomes in this complex environment.

Clinical trial registry information:
Blood Culture Improvement Guidelines and Diagnostic Stewardship for Antibiotic Reduction in Critically Ill Children (Bright STAR). NCT03441126. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03441126?term=Bright%20STAR&aggFilters=status:com&checkSpell=false&rank=1
Can Synodality Ferment an Inclusive Catholicism?
Authors: Dillon Michele 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the significance of the extensive data-gathering procedures incorporated into recent synodal preparations and how they advance Pope Francis’s commitment to forging a church informed by a dialogue between theological ideas and empirical realities. Drawing on my prior case analysis of the Synod on the Family, I argue that despite the limits in place then on lay participation in the formal synod discussions, the diversity of the laity’s self-reported experiences penetrated the bishops’ deliberations. This achievement is in part a function of the synod communication structure whereby participants are allocated to shared-language groups, thus avoiding self-selection based on a priori doctrinal or country-specific biases; the resulting (forced) dialogue with difference helps foster the gradual development of more inclusive doctrinal framings as seen in the post-synodal Amoris Laetitia. In a historic expansion, the Synod on Synodality formally includes lay voting participants and therefore lay perspectives will directly shape the synod proposal outcomes. Like the bishops, lay Catholics do not speak with one voice, and thus the task of finding moral consensus will still necessarily require respectful mutual listening and reciprocal dialogue.
The Place of Animals in Wollstonecraft's Early Educational Writings
Authors: Yücel Uğur Eylül 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thomas Taylor's parody of Mary Wollstonecraft's support for rights of women and humans raises a question: does his satire unwittingly propose a defence of animal rights found in Wollstonecraft's arguments? While Wollstonecraft's later works do not mention animal rights, her early educational writings offer arguments on animal ethics. These works explore the value of animals from moral, theological, and consequentialist perspectives, emphasizing both their instrumental and inherent value. This article argues that Wollstonecraft's moral psychology and theology highlight a benevolent attitude towards animals, underscoring their value beyond their utility.
Towards a sociolinguistics of deglobalization
Authors: Roche Gerald , Kruk Jessica 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article advocates for a ‘sociolinguistics of deglobalization’ that focuses on the sociolinguistic impacts of major shifts in the world system that have taken place since 2008 and have become particularly salient amidst the covid pandemic. Drawing on case studies of China, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, we describe the period after 2008 as an emerging post-neoliberal epoch characterized by the intensifying of state power, constrained resistance, differential inclusion, and organized abandonment. Our article explores the theoretical, methodological, and ethical challenges of researching the sociolinguistic impacts of these developments. We also argue that our discipline's dominant approach to global-scale analysis—the sociolinguistics of globalization—has impeded our ability to perceive the emerging dynamics of deglobalization. Our call for a sociolinguistics of deglobalization is offered as both a provocation and invitation to our discipline to engage with the rapidly changing nature of world politics. (Deglobalization, sovereignty, neoliberalism, coloniality, securitization)*
Uh and um in autism: The case of hesitation marker usage in Dutch-speaking autistic preschoolers
Authors: Mues Marjolein , Demurie Ellen , Erdogan Maide , Schaubroeck Sarah , Krol Manon , Goodwin Amy , Buitelaar Jan , Loth Eva , Roeyers Herbert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
English-speaking autistic children use the hesitation marker um less often than non-autistic children but use uh at a similar rate. It is unclear why this is the case. We employed a sample of Dutch-speaking children from the Preschool Brain Imaging and Behavior Project to examine hesitation markers in autistic and non-autistic preschoolers with the aim to 1) make a crosslinguistic comparison of hesitation marker usage and 2) examine hypotheses regarding the underlying linguistic mechanisms of hesitation markers: the symptom hypothesis and the signal hypothesis. We found initial group differences in all hesitation markers but these results were rendered insignificant after controlling for age, sex and nonverbal cognition. We found significant correlations between hesitation marker usage and expressive and receptive language, but not autism traits. Lastly, we show interesting cross-linguistic differences in hesitation marker usage between Dutch-speaking participants and previously described English-speaking participants, such as a preference for um over uh.
Selenium supplementation in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis: a systematic review of the effects on plasma selenium, antioxidant and inflammatory markers, immunological parameters and thyroid hormones
Authors: Trigueira Pricilla de C. , Leal Viviane de O. , Cardoso Barbara R. , Mafra Denise , Araujo Marina C. , Stockler-Pinto Milena B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a mineral with several biological functions, and studies have shown that its deficiency can be linked to many complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to systematically review the effects of Se supplementation in patients with CKD undergoing haemodialysis (HD). This systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement. Clinical trials were searched in PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2021 and updated in July 2024. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021231444). Two independent reviewers performed the study screening and data extraction, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Thirteen studies were included in this review. Only nine studies showed results on Se levels; in all, reduced Se levels were observed before supplementation. A positive effect of supplementation on plasma Se level was demonstrated. Of the ten studies analysed, six demonstrated positive effects on antioxidant and inflammatory markers. Only one study analysed immunological parameters, showing a positive impact. From two studies that analysed thyroid hormones, only one showed positive results. All studies were classified as high risk of bias. The findings suggest that Se supplementation significantly increases plasma Se levels in these patients; however, there are still not enough studies to clarify the effects of Se supplementation on the antioxidant and inflammatory markers, immune system and thyroid hormones. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of Se supplementation and to provide a recommendation for patients with CKD undergoing HD.
Record High March 2024 Arctic Total Column Ozone
Authors: Newman Paul A. , Lait Leslie R. , Kramarova Natalya A. , Coy Lawrence , Frith Stacey M. , Oman Luke D. , Dhomse Sandip S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObservations of March 2024 Arctic (63°N–90°N) total column ozone set a record high of 477 Dobson Units (DU) against the 1979–2023 satellite era time series. It was about 60 DU higher than average and 6 DU higher than the previous March 1979 471 DU record. Daily Arctic ozone was above average for every day in March 2024, and set record highs from 11–26 March 2024. Microwave Limb Sounder data show this record ozone anomaly was concentrated in the lower stratosphere (10–30 km). These record values developed over the 2023–2024 winter and can be associated with vertically propagating planetary‐scale wave events that caused significant stratospheric warmings. These wave events forced poleward and downward ozone advection into the lower stratosphere, leading to record column ozone levels. The above average levels persisted through August 2024 and across the northern hemisphere.
Chia gum-gelatin-based encapsulation of chia sprouts phenolic compounds enhanced storage stability, bioavailability, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Abdel-Aty Azza M. , Barakat Amal Z. , Bassuiny Roqaya I. , Mohamed Saleh A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChia seeds are currently gaining popularity as functional and healthy foods. The developed chia 7-day sprout phenolic extract (CSP) is an abundant supply of highly concentrated antioxidant phenolic compounds with health-promoting and antibacterial properties. The easy destruction against different environmental changes and low bioavailability of these phenolic compounds are the main limitations of their applications/utilization. This study aims to microencapsulate the phenolic compounds of developed CSP for use as valuable functional food additives. Three microcapsules were prepared using coating materials, chia gum (CG), gelatin (G), and their mixture (CG/G) via the freeze-drying technique. The prepared CG-, CG/G-, and G-microcapsules demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency percentages of 97.0, 98.1, and 94.5%, respectively. They retained most of the CSP-phenolics (91.4–97.2%) and increased total antioxidant activity (108–127.1%). The prepared microcapsules released more CSP-phenolic compounds into the simulated intestinal stage (70–82%) than the gastric stage (15–24%), demonstrating that the coating materials enhance protection during the gastric stage. The produced microcapsules exhibited higher storage stability at 40 °C for 60 days than the non-capsulated CSP, indicating that the encapsulation provided enhanced stability. The prepared microcapsules microstructures showed uniform, smoother surfaces, and hidden micropores compared to their coating material microstructures. In addition, the connection between the functional groups of coating materials and CSP-phenolic compounds was demonstrated by FTIR analysis. The prepared CG-, CG/G-, and G-microcapsules can perfectly inhibit the α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities by 65, 68, 60 and 74, 78, and 70%, respectively, compared to CSP (54, and 66%). The three prepared microcapsules displayed better antibacterial with low MBC values (0.36–0.68 mg ml−1) compared to CSP (0.53–0.74 mg ml−1). The prepared CSP microcapsules can be incorporated into various food products to enhance their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties.