bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Communication Function Classification System for use with preschool children with communication disorders
Authors: Hidecker Mary Jo Cooley , Cunningham Barbara Jane , Thomas‐Stonell Nancy , Oddson Bruce , Rosenbaum Peter 
Published: January 2017

AimTo evaluate construct and predictive validity of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) for use with preschool children with a range of speech and language disorders.MethodSeventy‐seven preschool children with speech and language disorders (50 males, 27 females; mean 2y 7mo, standard deviation [SD] 1y) participated in this cohort study. Preschool children had speech and language, language‐only, or speech‐only disorders. Together with parent input, speech–language pathologists (SLPs) completed the CFCS at time 1. Parents and SLPs then independently completed a validated change‐detecting functional communication outcome measure, the Focus on the outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS), three times: at assessment (time 1), at the start of treatment (time 2), and at the end of treatment (time 3).ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between CFCS classifications and FOCUS scores at all three measurement points for the ratings by both parents and SLPs (correlations ranged from −0.60 to −0.76). As expected, no correlations between CFCS classifications and FOCUS change scores were statistically significant.InterpretationThis study provides evidence of construct and predictive validity of the CFCS, demonstrating its value as a discriminative tool for use with preschool children with a range of speech and language disorders.
Elucidation of the genetic architecture of self‐incompatibility in olive: Evolutionary consequences and perspectives for orchard management
Authors: Saumitou‐Laprade Pierre , Vernet Philippe , Vekemans Xavier , Billiard Sylvain , Gallina Sophie , Essalouh Laila , Mhaïs Ali , Moukhli Abdelmajid , El Bakkali Ahmed , Barcaccia Gianni , Alagna Fiammetta , Mariotti Roberto , Cultrera Nicolò G. M. , Pandolfi Saverio , Rossi Martina , Khadari Bouchaïb , Baldoni Luciana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe olive (Olea europaea L.) is a typical important perennial crop species for which the genetic determination and even functionality of self‐incompatibility (SI) are still largely unresolved. It is still not known whether SI is under gametophytic or sporophytic genetic control, yet fruit production in orchards depends critically on successful ovule fertilization. We studied the genetic determination of SI in olive in light of recent discoveries in other genera of the Oleaceae family. Using intra‐ and interspecific stigma tests on 89 genotypes representative of species‐wide olive diversity and the compatibility/incompatibility reactions of progeny plants from controlled crosses, we confirmed that O. europaea shares the same homomorphic diallelic self‐incompatibility (DSI) system as the one recently identified in Phillyrea angustifolia and Fraxinus ornus. SI is sporophytic in olive. The incompatibility response differs between the two SI groups in terms of how far pollen tubes grow before growth is arrested within stigma tissues. As a consequence of this DSI system, the chance of cross‐incompatibility between pairs of varieties in an orchard is high (50%) and fruit production may be limited by the availability of compatible pollen. The discovery of the DSI system in O. europaea will undoubtedly offer opportunities to optimize fruit production.
Stakeholders’ Information Needs, Cost System Design, and Cost System Effectiveness in Dutch Local Government
Authors: Schoute Martijn , Budding Tjerk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between stakeholders’ information needs, cost system design, and cost system effectiveness in local government, using a dataset of survey responses from 71 Dutch municipalities. Three cost system design characteristics are examined: (a) the complexity and (b) the inclusiveness of cost systems, and (c) their understandability for non‐financial internal users. These characteristics are shown to be only partly related to each other, and to differ in the extent to which they are related to the information needs of internal and external stakeholders, as well as to three cost system effectiveness characteristics.
Macroeconomic Announcements and the Distribution of Price‐Endings in the U.S. Treasury Market
Authors: Nikiforov Andrei , Pilotte Eugene 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigate how new information impacts quote clustering in the bond market. We find that clustering, along with quote activity, price volatility and bid‐ask spreads, increases sharply in the minutes following releases of macroeconomic news. Each returns to near‐normal levels within the hour. Effects are strongest for more liquid on‐the‐run notes and for the announcements typically associated with substantial information flow. The strong positive comovement of clustering, quote activity, price volatility, and bid‐ask spreads supports the conclusion that innovations of these variables are endogenous to the arrival and incorporation of information into prices.
Phylogeny and the prediction of tree functional diversity across novel continental settings
Authors: Swenson Nathan G. , Weiser Michael D. , Mao Lingfeng , Araújo Miguel B. , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. , Kollmann Johannes , Nogués‐Bravo David , Normand Signe , Rodríguez Miguel A. , García‐Valdés Raúl , Valladares Fernando , Zavala Miguel A. , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimMapping the distribution and diversity of plant functional traits is critical for projecting future changes to vegetation under global change. Maps of plant functional traits, however, are scarce due very sparse global trait data matrices. A potential solution to this data limitation is to utilize the known levels of phylogenetic signal in trait data to predict missing values. Here we aim to test existing phylogenetic comparative methods for imputing missing trait data for the purpose of producing continental‐scale maps of plant functional traits.LocationNorth America and Europe.MethodsPhylogenetic imputation models and trait data from one continent were used to predict the trait values for tree species on the other continent and to produce trait maps. Predicted maps of trait means, variances and functional diversity were compared with known maps to quantify the degree to which predicted trait values could estimate spatial patterns of trait distributions and diversity.ResultsWe show that the phylogenetic signal in plant functional trait data can be used to provide robust predictions of the geographical distribution of tree functional diversity. However, predictions for traits with little phylogenetic signal, such as maximum height, are error prone. Lastly, trait imputation methods based on phylogenetic generalized least squares tended to outperform those based on phylogenetic eigenvectors.Main conclusionsIt is possible to predict patterns of functional diversity across continental settings with novel species assemblages for most of the traits studied for which we have no direct trait information, thereby offering an effective method for overcoming a key data limitation in global change biology, macroecology and ecosystem modelling.
The Shifting Destinations of Metropolitan Migrants in the U.S., 2005–2011
Authors: Walker Kyle E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent estimates that central cities are growing faster than their suburbs in the U.S. have captured the attention of both academics and the popular media. Many commentators have used these numbers to claim that internal migration trends in the U.S. have reached a turning point, in which migrants increasingly prefer urban residences to suburban locales. However, these assertions often rely on problematic definitions of city and suburb, and pay too little attention to demographic variations among migrants. This paper examines whether recent internal migrants in the U.S. are choosing closer‐in destinations, drawing from microdata samples from the American Community Survey since 2005. During this period, there is an overall trend of migrants to the largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. choosing to migrate closer to the metropolitan core. However, this trend varies significantly among major demographic groups; whereas younger, single, educated, and white‐collar migrants show evidence of a return to the core, migrants who are blue‐collar, less‐educated, older, and with families remain more suburban. In turn, this analysis suggests that overall trends of “back to the city” migration are producing considerable divergence in the metropolitan destinations of different demographic groups.
Impedance spectroscopy study on polymer‐derived amorphous SiAlCO
Authors: Cao Yejie , Gao Yan , An Linan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe electric behaviors of both free‐carbon phase and ceramic phase in polymer‐derived amorphous silicoaluminum oxycarbide were studied by impedance spectroscopy. The results revealed that the resistance of both ceramic phase and free‐carbon phase are similar to each other and decreased with pyrolysis temperature. Meanwhile, the ceramic phase showed higher capacitance than the free‐carbon phase. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, the capacitance of the ceramic phase drastically decreased, but that of the free‐carbon phase remained similar. Each phase exhibited a relaxation process, which moved to higher frequency with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The results are correlated with the structural evolution of the two phases.
Elucidating the role of AlO6‐octahedra in aluminum silicophosphate glasses through topological constraint theory
Authors: Zeng Huidan , Ye Feng , Li Xiang , Jiang Qi , Chen Guorong , Chen Jianding , Sun Luyi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe local structures of sodium aluminum silicophosphate glasses containing unique AlO6‐octahedra were characterized through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and modeled by topological constraint theory (TCT). Subsequent calculation results of the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and Vickers hardness (Hv) obtained using TCT were verified by the experimental data, which provided us evidence of the glass former role of the AlO6‐octahedra and their behavior in the aluminum‐containing glass systems. The glass‐forming behavior of the AlO6‐octahedra was identified by their displacement of SiO6‐octahedra based on their corresponding NMR spectrum. The structure featured a constant total amount of AlO6 and SiO6‐octahedra (AlO6‐octahedra increased whereas SiO6‐octahedra decreased) with an increasing aluminum content, which was caused by the mutual replacement between them. The glass former role of the AlO6‐octahedra was further supported by the theoretical computation of Tg and Hv through application of TCT. Specifically, the model of the aluminum‐containing glasses reported here is an extension of the conventional TCT that only incorporates the constraints of the glass formers.
The Effects of Disclosure and Analyst Regulations on the Relevance of Analyst Characteristics for Explaining Analyst Forecast Accuracy
Authors: Keskek Sami , Myers Linda A. , Omer Thomas C. , Shelley Marjorie K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe posit and find an effect of disclosure and analyst reporting regulations implemented from 2000 through 2003 (including Regulation Fair Disclosure, the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act and the Global Settlement Act) on the importance of analyst and forecast characteristics for analyst forecast accuracy. Following the enactment of these regulations, more experienced analysts and All‐Star analysts do not maintain their superior forecast accuracy, and analysts employed by large brokerage houses perform worse than other analysts. In addition, we find a decrease in the importance of analyst effort, the number of industries and firms followed, days elapsed since the last forecast, and forecast horizon. While the importance of bold upward forecast revisions does not change, bold downward revisions lose their relevance for forecast accuracy after 2003. Finally, we find an increase in the importance of prior forecast accuracy. We find that the importance of these characteristics varies with the precision of publicly available information. Specifically, the decrease in the importance of most analyst and forecast characteristics and the increase in the importance of prior forecast accuracy are greater when the precision of publicly available information is low. Overall, our results suggest that the positive effects of experience, effort, brokerage house size and All‐Star status on forecast accuracy in the pre‐regulation period were because of the information advantages that these analysts enjoyed (rather than their ability to generate private information). In contrast, our results suggest that prior forecast accuracy is related to analysts’ ability to generate private information.
The impact of age on psoriasis health care in Germany
Authors: Trettel A. , Spehr C. , Körber A. , Augustin M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionInequality between age groups has been demonstrated in the prescription of biologics, yet systematic real‐world data about age‐related differences in psoriasis care are missing.ObjectiveTo investigate disparities in psoriasis characteristics by age groups and to identify potential impact on psoriasis health care.Patients and MethodsData analysis included 3615 patients from the German psoriasis registry PsoBest, which observes adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) on systemic treatment over a time period of 10 years.ResultsWith 2376 participants (65.7%), the majority of patients was assigned to the age group 35–64, followed by 776 (21.4%) and 463 (12.8%) for the age groups 18–34 and 65+, respectively. Psoriasis vulgaris was the most frequent form of psoriasis with nearly 90% patients affected. Appearance of psoriasis forms did not differentiate significantly between the age groups except for erythrodermic psoriasis, which was more frequent in the elderly than in patients aged 35–64 (1.9%, P ≤ 0.048). Nail psoriasis appeared significantly more often in patients aged 35–64 (55.5%, P ≤ 0.001) and also showed the highest number of nails involved (6.9 ± 3.3). PsA was less frequent in the age group 18–34 (9.5%, P ≤ 0.001). This group showed the highest rate of scalp psoriasis (85.8%) compared to the elder age groups (P ≤ 0.001). Biologicals were used significantly less in younger patients (16.2%) compared to the age groups 35–64 (23.9%, P ≤ 0.001) and 65+ (21.8%, P ≤ 0.042).ConclusionMiddle‐aged patients show higher rates of PsA and nail psoriasis, which may explain age‐dependent disparities in health care including the use of systemic treatment.
The effect of foraging and ontogeny on the prevalence and intensity of the invasive parasite Anguillicola crassus in the European eel Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Barry J , Newton M , Dodd J A , Evans D , Newton J , Adams C E 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInfection patterns of the invasive Anguillicola crassus nematode were investigated in a population of the European eel Anguilla anguilla where parasite invasion is very recent, Loch Lomond, Scotland. Intensity levels of the parasite were associated with differences in fish ontogeny and trophic ecology. Although eels foraged on both fish and invertebrates, individuals which were smaller and fed on invertebrates (>70% contribution to diet) were found to contain a greater number of swim bladder parasites compared to larger eel with a predominance of fish (>60% contribution) in their diet. Within affected fish, a significant negative relationship was found between fish length and parasite intensity, with smaller individuals having higher parasite intensity than larger individuals. This study indicates that food intake and infection risk are linked in this recently infected host–parasite system. From a management perspective increasing our understanding of how infection intensity and repeated exposure is linked to resource use in an ecosystem is important for the future management of this endangered species in Europe.
Nonablative radiofrequency treatment for the skin in the eye area – clinical and cutometrical analysis
Authors: Augustyniak Anna , Rotsztejn Helena 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of the research was to evaluate skin elasticity and reduction in the aging eye area after using a nonablative radiofrequency treatment.Material and methodsThis study included 23 patients, aged 34–58 years with Fitzpatrick skin type II and III. They received five treatment sessions with a nonablative radiofrequency in 1‐week intervals. Biomechanical properties of the skin were measured using Cutometer. A photodocumentation was used to compare changes before and after the series of treatment sessions. Additionally, the patients filled in a questionnaire in which they were asked to make a self‐evaluation of the procedure.ResultsCutometrical analysis showed improvement of skin elasticity. Changes in the measurements of R2 and R6 parameters indicate that the statistical significance level is mostly P < 0.0001 for the differences in the measurements. The comparison of clinical changes in the therapy, based on photodocumentation, showed a 33.26% improvement.ConclusionsThis treatment was used to improve skin tightness and decrease the amount and depth of wrinkles. It is a noninvasive treatment, with low risk of complications. The cutometrical measurements seem to be useful to assess improvement of elasticity of the skin after cosmetology or esthetic dermatology treatments.
Systemic alterations and their oral manifestations in pregnant women
Authors: Silva de Araujo Figueiredo Camilla , Gonçalves Carvalho Rosalem Cíntia , Costa Cantanhede Andre Luis , Abreu Fonseca Thomaz Érika Bárbara , Fontoura Nogueira da Cruz Maria Carmen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe aims of this literature review are: to depict the main oral diseases that are related to pregnancy; to clarify some of the possible systemic mechanisms that are associated with these changes; and to address issues about oral care during pregnancy. A woman's organs undergo various physiological, neurological, and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Such changes occur gradually and are essential for the development of the fetus, providing what is needed for tissue formation and establishment of reserves for uterine and fetal life. In turn, the oral cavity shows some events during this period. Among the changes most frequently cited in the literature are pyogenic granuloma, gingivitis, and periodontitis. The inflammation of the periodontal tissues due to the formation of the biofilm increases dramatically in size and severity during the course of a normal pregnancy, even without changes in the amount of biofilm present. In addition, a decrease in salivary pH is observed in pregnant women and may lead to an increased incidence of dental caries in this period.
Healthy Concessions: High School Students' Responses to Healthy Concession Stand Changes
Authors: Laroche Helena H. , Hradek Christine , Hansen Kate , Hanks Andrew S. , Just David R. , Wansink Brian 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDA previous sales data analysis demonstrated success in selling healthier items at a concession stand. Questions remained regarding student satisfaction and whether the intervention reached non‐health‐conscious students.METHODSCross‐sectional anonymous samples of students at a large midwestern high school were surveyed before and after an intervention improved the number of healthier items available at the concession stand.RESULTSThe survey was completed by 301 students preintervention and 314 students postintervention. Satisfaction remained good (3.7 preintervention and 3.6 postintervention). Satisfaction with the variety and taste of foods increased. We compared students who felt having healthy items were important at the concessions to those who did not. Overall satisfaction with concessions did not differ between groups. The latter group (healthy items not important) reported improved satisfaction with food variety (2.8 to 3.1, p = .02) and the former reported improved satisfaction with healthy foods (2.5 to 2.9, p = .03) and overall taste (3.2 to 3.4, p = .02). Of the healthy items not important students 76% reported purchasing at least 1 new healthier food.CONCLUSIONSAdding healthier foods to school concession stands has positive effects on student satisfaction, sales, and reaches all students whether or not they care about having healthy items available.
A Bridge over Troubled Water: Managing Parties’ Mental Illness in Mediation
Authors: Hickerson Glen 
Published: January 2017

One in five individuals in society has or will have a mental illness at some point in his or her lifetime. Conflict resolution theory, however, largely assumes that all individuals operate within the range of behaviors considered mentally healthy. Evidence suggests that professionals who deal with conflict, however, may have to deal with individuals who have mental health problems more frequently than would be the statistical norm. Clearly then, new theories of practice and norms of mediator behavior are needed to respond to the distinctive challenges presented by engaging with those who face mental health difficulty.This paper surveys the research on how people with mental health challenges approach and respond to conflict and provides practical advice to conflict resolution professionals on how to recognize and tailor their approach to meet the needs of these individuals.
Screening and management practices for renal disease in the HIV‐positive patient population of an inner metropolitan sexual health service
Authors: Kakar Sheena , Drak Douglas , Amin Tahiya , Cheung Jason , O'Connor Catherine C , Gracey David M 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRenal disease is an important and commonly encountered co‐morbidity in HIV infection. Despite this, few data are available concerning renal disease in this patient group. A retrospective review was conducted of all HIV‐positive patients of an inner metropolitan sexual health service who attended from 1 August 2013 to 31 July 2014 for HIV management. One hundred eighty‐eight HIV‐positive patients attended the clinic during the study period. The majority were male (96%), Caucasian (70%) and 30–39 years of age (37%). There was a high prevalence of renal risk factors in the population, including potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral therapy (61%), smoking (38%), hypertension (12%), dyslipidemia (11%) and hepatitis C co‐infection (7%). In the previous year, measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate were performed in all patients, but measurements of lipid profiles, urinary protein and serum phosphate were performed within the last year in only 48%, 33% and 30% of patients, respectively. These are the first comprehensive data regarding renal disease, associated risk factors and screening and management practices in the HIV‐positive patient population of a specialized sexual health service in Australia. This patient population demonstrates a particularly high prevalence of risk factors for renal disease. Despite this, screening investigations were not performed as recommended. This represents a potential area to improve patient care.