bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐dependent dual emission of Cu,Mn:ZnSe QDs: Controlling both emission wavelength and intensity
Authors: Xu Shuhong , Jiang Han , Dong Renjie , Lv Changgui , Wang Chunlei , Cui Yiping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCu,Mn:ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) of tunable size, controllable photoluminescence (PL) intensity ratio and PL range were prepared. A study of the experimental conditions confirmed that the size of Cu,Mn:ZnSe QDs is affected by the pH of the solution, the speed at which the Zn solution is injected and the reaction temperature. In general, high pH, low injection speed and high reaction temperature are optimal for preparing large QDs. Based on this knowledge, different sizes of Cu,Mn:ZnSe QDs were synthesized. Moreover, white emission Cu,Mn:ZnSe QDs were designed by controlling the experimental conditions and the feeding mole ratio of Mn:Cu.
Polymer composite fluorescent hydrogel film based on nitrogen‐doped carbon dots and their application in the detection of Hg2+ ions
Authors: Yu Shujuan , Chen Kuan , Wang Feng , Zhu Yongfei , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA simple microwave‐assisted solvothermal method was used to prepare fluorescent nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) with high fluorescence quantum yield (79.63%) using citric acid and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine as starting materials. The PVAm‐g‐N‐CDs grafted products were synthesized by amide bond formation between the carboxylic groups of N‐CDs and amine groups of polyvinylamine (PVAm). Fluorescent hydrogel films (PVAm‐g‐N‐CDs/PAM) were synthesized by interpenetration polymer network polymerization of PVAm‐g‐N‐CDs and acrylamide (AM). When used for ion detection, we found that the fluorescence of the hydrogel films was clearly quenched by addition of Hg2+. Repeatability tests on using the hydrogel films for Hg2+ detection showed that they could be applied at least three times. The PVAm‐g‐N‐CDs/PAM could serve as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for sensitive detection of Hg2+ ions with a detection limit of 0.089 μmol/L. This work may offer a new approach for developing recoverable and sensitive N‐CDs‐based sensors for biological and environmental applications.
Mesoscopic structure of pectin in solution
Authors: Alba K. , Bingham R. J. , Kontogiorgos V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMesoscopic structure of pectin with different molecular characteristics was investigated by means of small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), electrokinetic measurements and data modelling. The influence of a broad range of pH (2–7) on chain conformation in the dilute and semi‐diluted regime was investigated. Scattering data and concomitant analysis revealed two length scales at all environmental conditions studied. pH showed greater influence at acidic values (pH 2.0) enhancing the globular component of the structure due to association of galacturonic acid residues. Double logarithmic scattering intensity plots revealed fractal dimensions of 1.9 ± 0.2 in the low‐q regime and 1.5 ± 0.2 in the high q‐region, irrespectively of the specific environment. Increase in branching of RG‐I regions of the polysaccharide chains enhanced the compact conformation irrespectively of the pH or concentration. The present work shows that radical changes in pectin conformation can be induced only under strongly acidic conditions a finding that has important consequences in tailoring the technological performance of these biopolymers.
Identifying Unknown Enzyme–Substrate Pairs from the Cellular Milieu with Native Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Catcott Kalli C. , Yan Jing , Qu Wanlu , Wysocki Vicki H. , Zhou Zhaohui Sunny 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe enzyme–substrate complex is inherently transient, rendering its detection difficult. In our framework designed for bisubstrate systems—isotope‐labeled, activity‐based identification and tracking (IsoLAIT)—the common substrate, such as S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (AdoMet) for methyltransferases, is replaced by an analogue (e.g., S‐adenosyl‐l‐vinthionine) that, as a probe, creates a tightly bound [enzyme⋅substrate⋅probe] complex upon catalysis by thiopurine‐S‐methyltransferase (TPMT, EC 2.1.1.67). This persistent complex is then identified by native mass spectrometry from the cellular milieu without separation. Furthermore, the probe's isotope pattern flags even unknown substrates and enzymes. IsoLAIT is broadly applicable for other enzyme systems, particularly those catalyzing group transfer and with multiple substrates, such as glycosyltransferases and kinases.
A Theoretical Investigation on CO Oxidation by Single‐Atom Catalysts M1/γ‐Al2O3 (M=Pd, Fe, Co, and Ni)
Authors: Yang Tao , Fukuda Ryoichi , Hosokawa Saburo , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Ehara Masahiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts have attracted much interest recently because of their excellent stability, high catalytic activity, and remarkable atom efficiency. Inspired by the recent experimental discovery of a highly efficient single‐atom catalyst Pd1/γ‐Al2O3, we conducted a comprehensive DFT study on geometries, stabilities and CO oxidation catalytic activities of M1/γ‐Al2O3 (M=Pd, Fe, Co, and Ni) by using slab‐model. One of the most important results here is that Ni1/Al2O3 catalyst exhibits higher activity in CO oxidation than Pd1/Al2O3. The CO oxidation occurs through the Mars van Krevelen mechanism, the rate‐determining step of which is the generation of CO2 from CO through abstraction of surface oxygen. The projected density of states (PDOS) of 2p orbitals of the surface O, the structure of CO‐adsorbed surface, charge polarization of CO and charge transfer from CO to surface are important factors for these catalysts. Although the binding energies of Fe and Co with Al2O3 are very large, those of Pd and Ni are small, indicating that the neighboring O atom is not strongly bound to Pd and Ni, which leads to an enhancement of the reactivity of the O atom toward CO. The metal oxidation state is suggested to be one of the crucial factors for the observed catalytic activity.
Towards Higher Energy Density Redox‐Flow Batteries: Imidazolium Ionic Liquid for Zn Electrochemistry in Flow Environment
Authors: Periyapperuma Kalani , Zhang Yafei , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Forsyth Maria , Pozo‐Gonzalo Cristina , Howlett Patrick C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present the first demonstration of an ionic liquid electrolyte under a realistic flow environment for applications in redox‐flow batteries based on the Zn2+/Zn0 redox couple. An electrolyte mixture containing Zn(dca)2 and 3 wt % H2O in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide, [Emim][dca], ionic liquid was used to study the effects of Zn2+ concentration and flow rate on the Zn2+/Zn0 electrochemical performance as well as its impact on the morphology of the Zn deposit. An optimized Zn2+ concentration and flow rate were determined by using an in‐house‐designed 3D‐printed flow‐cell prototype. Surface characterization through SEM revealed that both the concentration and flow rate directly impact Zn morphology under flow conditions. The electrolyte mixture with a higher Zn(dca)2 concentration (18 mol %) showed favourable results; voltammetry showed higher peak current densities (100 mA/cm2 discharge current density) and more positive Zn electrodeposition potentials (−1.33 V vs Ag/AgOTf) coupled with higher cycling efficiency (45±3%) compared to those obtained with the lower Zn concentration system (9 mol %, −1.44 V vs Ag/AgOTf, 48 mA/cm2 discharge current density and 33±3% cycling efficiency).
Improvements in cell block processing: The Cell‐Gel method
Authors: La Fortune Kristin A. , Randolph Melissa L. , Wu Howard H. , Cramer Harvey M. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDThe ability to produce adequate cell blocks profoundly impacts the diagnostic usefulness of cytology specimens. Cell blocks are routinely processed from fine‐needle aspiration specimens or concentrated fluid samples. Obtaining directed passes for the sole purpose of producing a cell block is common practice, particularly when the cytopathologist anticipates the need for ancillary immunocytochemical stains and/or molecular studies.METHODSThe authors developed an effective and inexpensive process for producing cell blocks that consistently yields abundant cellular material, which they have termed the Cell‐Gel method. This method can be simplified into 3 main steps: 1) preparing the sample; 2) constructing the cell block; and 3) processing the cell block. Highlights of the protocol include using a hemolytic fixative for sample preparation and disposable base molds for cell block construction.RESULTSThe cell block failure rate in the current study decreased from 18% with the HistoGel Tube method (January 2014‐December 2014) to 6% with the Cell‐Gel method (January 2015‐December 2016). The authors evaluated 110 cell blocks processed with the HistoGel Tube method and 110 cell blocks processed with the Cell‐Gel method, for a total evaluation of 220 cell blocks.CONCLUSIONSThe authors have developed an effective and inexpensive protocol for producing cell blocks that consistently yields abundant cellular material. The Cell‐Gel method uses a hemolytic fixative and disposable base molds to produce adequate cell blocks. When the method was implemented, the cell block failure rate of the study laboratory decreased by approximately 67%. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:267–276. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Conformational Flexibility of Limonene Oxide Studied By Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Loru Donatella , Quesada‐Moreno María Mar , Avilés‐Moreno Juan Ramón , Jarman Natasha , Huet Thérèse R. , López‐González Juan Jesús , Sanz M. Eugenia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. J.J. López‐González (University of Jaen, Spain), Prof. T.R. Huet (University of Lille, France), and Dr. M.E. Sanz (King's College London, UK). The image shows the five lower‐energy conformers of limonene oxide, a molecule of atmospheric interest, identified by microwave spectroscopy. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600991.
Fish wariness is a more sensitive indicator to changes in fishing pressure than abundance, length or biomass
Authors: Goetze Jordan S. , Januchowski‐Hartley Fraser A. , Claudet Joachim , Langlois Tim J. , Wilson Shaun K. , Jupiter Stacy D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIdentifying the most sensitive indicators to changes in fishing pressure is important for accurately detecting impacts. Biomass is thought to be more sensitive than abundance and length, while the wariness of fishes is emerging as a new metric. Periodically harvested closures (PHCs) that involve the opening and closing of an area to fishing are the most common form of fisheries management in the western Pacific. The opening ofPHCs to fishing provides a unique opportunity to compare the sensitivity of metrics, such as abundance, length, biomass and wariness, to changes in fishing pressure. Diver‐operated stereo video (stereo‐DOV) provides data on fish behavior (using a proxy for wariness, minimum approach distance) simultaneous to abundance and length estimates. We assessed the impact ofPHCprotection and harvesting on the abundance, length, biomass, and wariness of target species using stereo‐DOVs. This allowed a comparison of the sensitivity of these metrics to changes in fishing pressure across fourPHCs in Fiji, where spearfishing and fish drives are common. BeforePHCs were opened to fishing they consistently decreased the wariness of targeted species but were less likely to increase abundance, length, or biomass. Pulse harvesting ofPHCs resulted in a rapid increase in the wariness of fishes but inconsistent impacts across the other metrics. Our results suggest that fish wariness is the most sensitive indicator of fishing pressure, followed by biomass, length, and abundance. The collection of behavioral data simultaneously with abundance, length, and biomass estimates using stereo‐DOVs offers a cost‐effective indicator of protection or rapid increases in fishing pressure. Stereo‐DOVs can rapidly provide large amounts of behavioral data from monitoring programs historically focused on estimating abundance and length of fishes, which is not feasible with visual methods.
Reintroduced large wood modifies fine sediment transport and storage in a lowland river channel
Authors: Parker Chris , Henshaw Alexander J. , Harvey Gemma L. , Sayer Carl D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explores changes in suspended sediment transport and fine sediment storage at the reach and patch scale associated with the reintroduction of partial large wood (LW) jams in an artificially over‐widened lowland river. The field site incorporates two adjacent reaches: a downstream section where LW jams were reintroduced in 2010 and a reach immediately upstream where no LW was introduced. LW pieces were organized into ‘partial’ jams incorporating several ‘key pieces’ which were later colonized by substantial stands of aquatic and wetland plants. Reach‐scale suspended sediment transport was investigated using arrays of time‐integrated suspended sediment samplers. Patch‐scale suspended sediment transport was explored experimentally using turbidity sensors to track the magnitude and velocity of artificially generated sediment plumes. Fine sediment storage was quantified at both reach and patch scales by repeat surveys of fine sediment depth. The results show that partial LW jams influence fine sediment dynamics at both the patch and reach scale. At the patch‐scale, introduction of LW led to a reduction in the concentration and increase in the time lag of released sediment plumes within the LW, indicating increased diffusion of plumes. This contrasted with higher concentrations and lower time lags in areas adjacent to the LW; indicating more effective advection processes. This led to increased fine sediment storage within the LW compared with areas adjacent to the LW. At the reach‐scale there was a greater increase in fine sediment storage through time within the restored reach relative to the unrestored reach, although the changes in sediment transport responsible for this were not evident from time‐integrated suspended sediment data. The results of the study have been used to develop a conceptual model which may inform restoration design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damping numerical oscillations in hybrid solvers through detection of Gibbs phenomenon
Authors: Chakravarthy V. Kalyana , Chakraborty D. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA Gibbs phenomenon detector that is useful in damping numerical oscillations in hybrid solvers for compressible turbulence is proposed and tested. It is designed to function in regions away from discontinuities where commonly used discontinuity sensors are ineffective. Using this Gibbs phenomenon detector in addition to a discontinuity sensor for combining central and shock capturing schemes provides an integrated way of dealing with numerical oscillations generated by shock waves and contact lines that are normal to the flow. When complete suppression of numerical oscillations is not possible, they are sufficiently localized. Canonical tests and large eddy simulations show that inclusion of the proposed detector does not cause additional damping of ‘well‐resolved’ physical oscillations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating Regional Variation of Cardiac Implantable Electrical Device Implant Rates in European Healthcare Systems: What Drives Differences?
Authors: Torbica Aleksandra , Banks Helen , Valzania Cinzia , Boriani Giuseppe , Fattore Giovanni 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite established efficacy for cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs), large differences in CIED implant rates have been documented across and within countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of socio‐economic, epidemiological and supply side factors on CIED implant rates across 57 Regions in 5 EU countries and to assess the feasibility of using administrative data for this purpose. A total of 1 330 098 hospitalizations for CIED procedures extracted from hospital discharge databases in Austria, England, Germany, Italy and Slovenia from 2008 to 2012 was used in the analysis. Higher levels of tertiary education among the labour force and percent of aged population are positively associated with implant rates of CIED. Regional per capita GDP and number of implanting centres appear to have no significant effect. Institutional factors are shown to be important for the diffusion of CIED. Wide variation in CIED implant rates across and within five EU countries is undeniable. However, regional factors play a limited part in explaining these differences with few exceptions. Administrative databases are a valuable source of data for investigating the diffusion of medical technologies, while the choice of appropriate modelling strategy is crucial in identifying the drivers for variation across countries. © 2017 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative stress‐mediated developmental toxicity induced by isoniazide in zebrafish embryos and larvae
Authors: Zou Yu , Zhang Yun , Han Liwen , He Qiuxia , Hou Hairong , Han Jian , Wang Ximin , Li Chengyun , Cen Juan , Liu Kechun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIsoniazide (INH) is an important first‐line drug that is used to treat tuberculosis. However, the effect of INH on fetal growth has not yet been elucidated, and the mechanism of INH‐induced developmental toxicity is still unknown. In the present study, we employed zebrafish embryos and larvae to investigate the developmental toxicity of INH. The survival rates of the embryos and larvae as well as the hatching rates of embryos were significantly reduced. Morphological abnormalities, including spinal curvature, yolk retention, swimming bladder absence, tail bending and shorter body lengths were induced by INH. Histopathological analysis showed loose cell‐to‐cell contacts and large vacuoles in the larval hepatocytes. Thin intestinal walls, frayed gut villi and widespread cell lysis were observed in the intestines of the larvae in the higher concentration (8, 16 mm) exposure groups. In addition, exposure to high doses (≥ 6 mm) of INH significantly reduced the locomotor capacity of the zebrafish larvae. INH significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and decreased the superoxide dismutase activity in zebrafish larvae, which suggested that oxidative stress was induced and that the antioxidant capacity was inhibited. Superoxide dismutase 1 and liver fatty acid‐binding protein mRNA levels were significantly downregulated, while the GSTP2 and cytochrome P450 3A mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in the INH‐exposed zebrafish larvae. The overall results indicated that INH caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in developmental toxicity and that oxidative stress played an important role in the developmental toxicity induced by INH in zebrafish larvae. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Stubbs Brendon , Crepaldi Gaetano , Solmi Marco , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicolas CW , Reginster Jean-Yves , Rizzoli Renè , Civitelli Roberto , Schofield Patricia , Maggi Stefania , Lamb Sarah E 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

An increasing evidence base suggests that low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the evidence of low BMD and fractures as risk factors for future CVD. Two independent authors searched major databases from inception to August 1, 2016, for longitudinal studies reporting data on CVD incidence (overall and specific CVD) and BMD status and fractures. The association between low BMD, fractures, and CVD across longitudinal studies was explored by calculating pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) ±95% confidence intervals (CIs) with a random-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-eight studies (18 regarding BMD and 10 fractures) followed a total of 1,107,885 participants for a median of 5 years. Taking those with higher BMD as the reference, people with low BMD were at increased risk of developing CVD during follow-up (11 studies; HR = 1.33; 95%CI, 1.27 to 1.38; I2 = 53%), after adjusting for a median of eight confounders. This finding was confirmed using a decrease in one standard deviation of baseline BMD (9 studies; HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.24; I2 = 69%). The presence of fractures at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing CVD (HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.37; I2 = 91%). Regarding specific CVDs, low BMD was associated with an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular conditions, and CVD-associated death. Fractures at baseline was associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular conditions and death due to CVD. In conclusion, low BMD and fractures are associated with a small, but significant increased risk of CVD risk and possibly death. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Predictors for successful PBSC collection on the fourth day of G‐CSF‐induced mobilization in allogeneic stem cell donors
Authors: van Oostrum Anja , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Croockewit Sandra , Overdevest Jacqueline , Fechter Mirjam , Ruiterkamp Bart , Brand Anneke , Netelenbos Tanja 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPeripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) used for allogeneic transplantation are collected by apheresis after pre‐treatment of donors with G‐CSF. Using modern apheresis devices stem cells can be collected more efficiently. It was studied whether collection on the 4th instead of the 5th day after initiation of G‐CSF treatment might be feasible. Stem cell yields that could have been collected on day 4 were calculated in two cohorts treated with 10 µg/kg G‐CSF once daily (n = 106, cohort I) or 5 µg/kg twice daily schedule (n = 85, cohort II). Harvests were predicted using the median collection efficiency (CE) of the apheresis machine and regarded successful when > 5.0 x106 CD34+/kg recipient body weight. Successful harvests at day 4 could have been obtained in only 22.6% and 41.2% of donors in cohort I and II respectively, while the expected successful collections on day 5 were 55.7% and 76.5%. Individual donor factors that correlated with a successful harvest on day 4 were weight, BMI, age, ratio donor/recipient weight and total G‐CSF dose in cohort I, whereas ratio donor/recipient weight was the only significant predictor in cohort II. Donor weight, BMI and total G‐CSF dose correlated positively with CD34+ values in the blood on day 4 in all donors. However, donor characteristics were not able to be used as strong predictors in daily practice. In conclusion, PBSC collection on day 4 will not result in a successful harvest in most stem cell donors, however using a twice daily G‐CSF scheme increases the yield.
Migrants on Home Visits: Memory, Identity and a Shifting Sense of Self
Authors: Marschall Sabine 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe paper investigates the temporary home visits of African transnational migrants residing in South Africa. Many aspects of such return visits overlap with diasporic tourism, Visiting Friends and Relatives tourism and related types, but they are also uniquely different. Informed by narrative identity theory and an analytical lens focused on memory, the paper explores how memories of home influence the migrants' touristic activities, behaviour and experiences. A qualitative research approach involving in‐depth interviews with 20 participants from two different sectors was pursued. Findings illustrate how the encounter with traces of the person's autobiographical past (spaces, objects, social relations) can lead to a shifting sense of self. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.