bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysfunctional Early Processing of Facial Expressions in Hazardous Drinkers: Evidence from an ERP Study
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jin Yi , Chan John S. Y. , Yang Feng-Chi , Cui Fang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic alcohol intoxication impairs multiple cognitive functions. According to the dual system model (DSM), the development of alcohol dependence (AD) involves the imbalance between the automatic-affective system and the reflective system. However, the cognitive functions of non-AD hazardous drinkers (HDs) remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore how the HDs process facial expressions differently from the healthy subjects. Sixteen HDs and seventeen control subjects (CSs) completed an emotional working memory (WM) task while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. We found that there was no significant group difference in behavioral performance between the two groups. In the ERP data, relative to the CSs, the HDs showed delayed latencies of P1 and N170. Moreover, the CSs showed significant differences between the amplitudes of neural/fear and disgust expressions while these differences were insignificant in the HDs. The current results suggest that the main deficits in the processing of facial expression in HDs existed in the early automatic-affective system instead of in the reflective system.
Validation of multiplex immunofluorescence panels using multispectral microscopy for immune-profiling of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumor tissues
Authors: Parra Edwin R. , Uraoka Naohiro , Jiang Mei , Cook Pamela , Gibbons Don , Forget Marie-Andrée , Bernatchez Chantale , Haymaker Cara , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImmune-profiling is becoming an important tool to identify predictive markers for the response to immunotherapy. Our goal was to validate multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) panels to apply to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues using a set of immune marker antibodies, with the Opal™ 7 color Kit (PerkinElmer) in the same tissue section. We validated and we described two panels aiming to characterize the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and subsets of tumor associated immune cells. Panel 1 included pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), PD-L1, CD4, CD8, CD3, CD68, and DAPI, and Panel 2 included pancytokeratin, PD-1, CD45RO, granzyme B, CD57, FOXP3, and DAPI. After all primary antibodies were tested in positive and negative controls by immunohistochemistry and uniplex IF, panels were developed and simultaneous marker expressions were quantified using the Vectra 3.0™ multispectral microscopy and image analysis InForm™ 2.2.1 software (PerkinElmer).These two mIF panels demonstrated specific co-localization in different cells that can identify the expression of PD-L1 in malignant cells and macrophages, and different T-cell subpopulations. This mIF methodology can be an invaluable tool for tumor tissue immune-profiling to allow multiple targets in the same tissue section and we provide that is accurate and reproducible method when is performed carefully under pathologist supervision.
IL-12 stimulates CTLs to secrete exosomes capable of activating bystander CD8+ T cells
Authors: Li Lei , Jay Steven M. , Wang Yan , Wu Shu-Wei , Xiao Zhengguo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against intracellular pathogens is generally accomplished by immense CTL expansion and activation, which can destroy infected cells. Vigorous immune responses can lead to activation of bystander CD8+ T cells, but the contribution from antigen-specific CTLs is not well understood. We found that CTLs secrete extracellular vesicles following antigen stimulation. These CTL-derived vesicles contain CTL proteins and exhibit markers and size profiles consistent with exosomes. Interestingly, further stimulation of CTLs with IL-12 impacts exosome size and leads to selective enrichment of certain exosomal proteins. More important, exosomes from IL-12-stimulated CTLs directly activated bystander naïve CD8+ T cells to produce interferon-γ (IFNγ) and granzyme B (GZB) in the absence of antigens, whereas control exosomes derived from antigen-stimulated CTLs did not. In addition, IL-12 induced exosomes are able to strengthen the effects of weak antigen stimulation on CTLs. Proteomic analysis demonstrates that IL-12 stimulation alters catalytic and binding activities of proteins in CTL exosomes. Our findings indicate that the biological function and morphology of exosomes secreted by CTLs can be influenced by the type of stimulation CTLs receive. Thus, a fully functional, ongoing, antigen-specific CTL response may influence bystander CD8+ T cells through secretion of exosomes.
Computational Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of RamR Mutations Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica
Authors: Liu Yen-Yi , Chen Chih-Chieh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic microorganisms with multidrug resistance (MDR) constitutes a severe threat to human health. A major causative mechanism of AMR is mediated through the multidrug efflux pump (MEP). The resistance-nodulation-division superfamily (RND family) of Gram-negative bacteria is usually the major cause of MDR in clinical studies. In Salmonella enterica, the RND pump is translated from the acrAB gene, which is regulated by the activator RamA. Many MEP-caused AMR strains have high ramA gene expression due to mutations in RamR, which has a homodimeric structure comprising the dimerization domain and DNA-binding domain (DBD). Three mutations on the dimerization domain, namely Y59H, M84I, and E160D, are far from the DBD; the molecular mechanism through which they influence RamR’s binding affinity to the ramA gene promoter and consequently disrupt RamA remains unclear. The present study conducted molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, and normal mode analysis to investigate the mechanism through which Y59H, M84I, and E160D mutations on the dimerization domain influence the binding affinity of RamR to the ramA promoter. The present results suggest that the three mutations alter the RamR structure, resulting in decreased DNA-binding affinity.
Demonstration of fully vertical GaN‐on‐Si Schottky diode
Authors: Zhang K. , Mase S. , Nakamura K. , Hamada T. , Egawa T. 
Published: October 2017

The realisation of a fully vertical gallium nitride (GaN)‐on‐silicon (Si) Schottky barrier diode (SBD) without using wafer bonding and Si substrate removal process is reported. The SBD presented a turn‐on voltage of 0.69 V at 1 A/cm2, breakdown voltage of 148 V with a specific on‐resistance of 13.9 mΩ cm2. The ideality factor and Schottky barrier height were 1.35 and 0.71 eV, respectively. An effective critical electric field was estimated to be 1.48 MV/cm. The Baliga's figure of merit for the SBD was calculated to be 1.57 MW/cm2. These results indicate the great potential of GaN‐on‐Si in achieving cost‐effective fully vertical power device.
Balanced UWB power divider with one narrow notch‐band
Authors: Wei Feng , Zhao Xi Bei , Wang Xin Yi , Li Bin , Shi Xiao Wei 
Published: October 2017

A compact and simple differential ultra wideband (UWB) equal power divider (PD) with one narrow notch‐band is presented. The proposed PD is based on slotline resonators and balanced stepped‐impedance microstrip‐to‐slotline transition structures. A wide differential‐mode (DM) impedance bandwidth covering from 1.8 to 11.5 GHz can be achieved. Besides, independent common‐mode (CM) responses with a larger bandwidth and higher suppression can be obtained. It is noted that the DM passbands are independent from the CM responses, which significantly simplify the design procedure. In addition, a narrow and sharp DM notched band from 5.8 to 5.9 GHz is generated by adding one pair of quarter‐wavelength short‐circuited stubs next to the microstrip line symmetrically. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the design, a prototype is fabricated and measured. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the proposed balanced UWB PD is the first ever reported.
Janus‐configured all fibre laser Doppler velocimetry
Authors: Fan Zhe , Sun Qiao , Du Lei , Bai Jie 
Published: October 2017

Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) is a high precision instrument based on the Doppler effect of a laser, and it would greatly improve the performance of vehicle navigation and vehicle velocity metrology for its advantages. To reduce the measurement error produced by a jolt of a vehicle, a novel Janus‐configured all fibre LDV is designed. The system comprising two independent interferometers is connected by 1.55 μm single mode fibre devices. Road experiments are carried out to compare the performances of the microwave radar, single beam LDV and Janus‐configured LDV. The Janus‐configured LDV is reliable to measure the velocity of the vehicle and its root‐mean‐square error is 0.0222 m/s, while it is 0.0284 m/s for the single beam LDV. The results validate that the designed LDV can achieve improved performance of vehicle velocity measurement.
Cu-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Diaryliodonium Salts and Nitriles: Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Cao Chengyao , Sheng Jinyu , Chen Chao 
Published: October 2017

Developing versatile methodologies to construct various nitrogen­-containing heterocycles is a crucially significant part of contemporary organic chemistry. This review summarizes recent developments on the formation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles triggered by diaryliodonium salts. Diaryliodonium salts, as electrophilic arylating agents in the presence of catalytic copper salts, can react with nitriles to give N-arylnitrilium cations, which are highly reactive species. These species can efficiently react with nucleophiles, including C-, N- and O-nucleophiles, to give the corresponding products. This strategy is not only efficient and convenient, but also enables the synthesis of diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as quinolines, quinazolines, and phenanthridines.1	Introduction2	Strategies and Mechanisms3	Cascade Annulations3.1	Cascade Annulation of Diaryliodoniums, Nitriles and C-Nucleo­philes3.2	Cascade Annulation of Diaryliodoniums, Nitriles and N-Nucleo­philes3.3	Cascade Annulation of Diaryliodoniums, Nitriles and O-Nucleo­philes4	Summary and Outlook
Effects of Ulnar Styloid Fractures on Unstable Distal Radius Fracture Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies
Authors: Almedghio Sami , Almari Fayez , Chakrabarti Indranil , Arshad Mohammed 
Published: October 2017

Purpose In this literature review, functional outcomes such as Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and the visual analog scale (VAS) of pain along with clinical outcomes such as range of movement and grip strength of treated distal radius fractures (DRF) accompanied with ulnar styloid fractures (USF) will be compared with those with isolated DRF.
Materials and Methods We analyzed articles from MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL that met our predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statements. This resulted in the identification of 464 articles with 18 potentially eligible studies of which 6 were included at the full-text screening stage. The primary outcomes were wrist pain, range of motion, functional outcome and satisfaction, such as VAS, and the DASH questionnaire along with radiological assessment and incidence of complications.
Results These studies involved 796 participants with DRF and 806 wrists with DRF; 444 (55%) of DRF had an associated USF. Three studies did not report any statistically significant difference in DASH scores between the DRF patients with or without USF. Two studies reported worse DASH scores in the group with associated USF. Wrist pain was reported to be statistically significantly worse in patients with associated USF in two studies. Grip strength did not exhibit a statistically significant difference in any groups in four studies. On assessing the range of motion of the wrist and forearm, only one study reported a statistically significant difference in flexion at 2 years follow-up, with less flexion in patients with USF.
Conclusion This review suggests that there is no significant correlation between a USF and the functional and clinical outcomes of DRF treatment, albeit wrist pain and less flexion were reported in some studies to be associated with USF. There is a need for more robust evidence from large randomized controlled trials to specifically look at the effects of fixation versus nonfixation of USF on DRF, or large prospective cohort studies assessing DRF with and without USF, with a minimum of 12 months follow-up.
Level of Evidence Level II—therapeutic.
Barriers to Postpartum Follow-Up and Glucose Tolerance Testing in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yee Lynn , Battarbee Ashley 
Published: October 2017

Objective This study aims to examine factors associated with postpartum follow-up and glucose tolerance testing (GTT) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Materials and Methods Case-control study of women with GDM at a single institution with available outpatient records (January 2008–February 2016). Women with pregestational diabetes mellitus were excluded. The postpartum follow-up, GTT completion, and the reason for GTT completion failure (provider vs. patient noncompliance) were assessed. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with postpartum follow-up and GTT completion.
Results Of 683 women, 82.0% (n = 560) returned postpartum, and 49.8% (n = 279) of those completed GTT. Women with Medicaid and late presentation to care were less likely to return (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–0.6 and aOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7), but if they did, both factors were associated with increased odds of GTT completion (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–2.9 and aOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.8–6.6). Patient and provider noncompliance contributed equally to GTT completion failure. Trainee involvement was associated with improved test completion (aOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.4–8.8).
Conclusion The majority of women with GDM returned postpartum, but many did not receive recommended GTT. Public insurance and late presentation were associated with failure to return postpartum, but better GTT completion when a postpartum visit occurred. Trainee involvement was associated with improved adherence to screening guidelines.
Follow-up of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Need for Routinary Assessment of Acid Gastroesophageal Reflux with pH-metry
Authors: Zanini Andrea , Farris Giorgio , Morandi Anna , Festa Irene , Brisighelli Giulia , Gentilino Valerio , Leva Ernesto , Macchini Francesco 
Published: October 2017

Introduction We aim to assess gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients treated for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to determine whether a pH-metry investigation should be routinely performed in follow-up.
Materials and Methods Twenty-four-hour pH-metry at 1 year was performed in all patients treated for CDH between January 2014 and April 2015 (Group 1). We compared pH-metry results to those of two other groups: children treated for esophageal atresia (EA) (Group 2) and normal babies presenting with typical symptoms (Group 3). All the pH-metric findings were analyzed and compared. Intra-group analysis was performed in Group 1.
Results Group 1 consisted of 21, Group 2 of 24, and Group 3 of 21 patients. Mean pH-metry values for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were, respectively: reflux index (RI) 4.3, 5.1, and 3.9; total number of refluxes (NR) 79.5, 88.8, and 88.7; refluxes longer than 5′ (R > 5) 1.7, 2.3, and 1.47; and longest reflux episode (LR) 11.4, 13.3, and 8.6. No significant differences were found between Group 1 and the others. Only two CDH patients presented with GER-related symptoms. Patch was associated with significantly higher RI (8.5 vs. 2.98, p = 0.03). The worse was the defect, the worse were the pH-metric results (RI: A3.09, B3.15, and C9.1).
Conclusion We believe that a routine GER assessment should be performed in all CDH patients regardless the presence of symptoms.
Level of Evidence This is a Level II study.
Umbilical Cord Oxygen Content and Neonatal Morbidity at Term
Authors: Temming Lorene , Stout Molly , Macones George , Cahill Alison , Tuuli Methodius , Raghuraman Nandini 
Published: October 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between umbilical cord partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) at delivery and neonatal morbidity.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of term deliveries with universal cord gas collection between 2010 and 2014. The primary composite outcome of neonatal morbidity included neonatal death, meconium aspiration syndrome, intubation, mechanical ventilation, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and hypothermia treatment. Umbilical artery (UA), vein (UV), UV minus UA (Δ) pO2, and hypoxemia (pO2 ≤ fifth percentile) were compared between patients with and without neonatal morbidity. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive ability of pO2.
Results Of 7,789 patients with paired umbilical cord pO2, 106 (1.4%) had the composite neonatal morbidity. UA pO2 was significantly lower in patients with neonatal morbidity compared with those without (median [interquartile range]: 16 (12, 21) vs. 19 (15, 24) mm Hg, p < 0.001). There was no difference in median UV pO2 or ΔpO2 between the groups. UA and UV hypoxemia were significantly more common in patients with neonatal morbidity. UA pO2 had limited predictive ability for neonatal morbidity (area under the curve: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.6–0.7).
Conclusion Although UA pO2 is significantly lower in patients with neonatal morbidity, it is a poor predictor of neonatal morbidity at term.
A case report of delayed intra-abdominal and intra-luminal haemorrhage after polypectomy
Authors: Neesse Albrecht , Grade Marian , Dango Sebastian , Ghadimi Michael , Ellenrieder Volker , Kunsch Steffen , Amanzada Ahmad 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with hematochezia, anaemia, and severe abdominal pain 6 days after polypectomy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography revealed no signs of free intra-abdominal air but showed intra-abdominal and intra-luminal bleeding. The patient was referred to colonoscopy in the operation room, which showed a coagula and venous bleeding at the polypectomy site. Emergency laparotomy was performed and revealed a large intra-abdominal mesocolic hematoma, which was surgically removed. The patient’s post-operative recovery was uneventful. While few reports of splenic vessel rupture after colonoscopy due to traction on the splenocolic ligament have been published, delayed mesocolic hematoma without evidence of organ damage has not been reported so far. Clinicians need to be aware of these rare but life-threatening complications following colonoscopy.
Norovirus outbreaks in german refugee camps in 2015
Authors: Grote Ulrike , Schleenvoigt Benjamin , Happle Christine , Dopfer Christian , Wetzke Martin , Ahrenstorf Gerrit , Holst Hanna , Pletz Mathias , Schmidt Reinhold , Behrens Georg , Jablonka Alexandra 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Purpose Refugees often live in confined housing conditions with shared kitchen and sanitary facilities, rendering susceptible to communicable diseases. We here describe the outbreak, spread and self-limiting nature of a norovirus outbreak in a German refugee camp in the winter of 2015.
Methods During a norovirus outbreak, data on clinical symptoms, nationality and living conditions was obtained in a refugee camp in northern Germany in the winter of 2015. Furthermore secondary data on norovirus outbreaks in 2015 was assessed.
Results Amongst n = 982 refugees, n = 36 patients (3.7 %) presented with acute norovirus gastroenteritis. The vast majority of cases were children, only the first patient was admitted to the hospital. Intensified hygiene measures were implemented on day 2 of the outbreak, but new cases peaked on day 21 and occurred until one month after the first case. Different cultural backgrounds, eating habits and hygiene standards amongst the refugees made it particularly challenging to implement stringent isolation and hygiene measures. Despite these predisposing factors, only minor norovirus outbreaks were reported in refugee camps in 2015.
Conclusion Adults refugees had a low attack rate of symptomatic norovirus infection, while small children are at high risk. Infection spreads despite hygiene measures and camp sites and staff should be prepared for the particular challenges of such situations with a particular focus on cultural-background specific implementation of hygiene measures.
Rethinking people’s conceptions of mental life
Authors: Weisman Kara , Dweck Carol S. , Markman Ellen M. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
How do ordinary people make sense of mental life? Pioneering work on the dimensions of mind perception has been widely interpreted as evidence that lay people perceive two fundamental components of mental life: experience and agency. However, using a method better suited to addressing this question, we discovered a very different conceptual structure. Our four studies consistently revealed three components of mental life—suites of capacities related to the body, the heart, and the mind—with each component encompassing related aspects of both experience and agency. This body–heart–mind framework distinguishes itself from the experience–agency framework by its clear and importantly different implications for dehumanization, moral reasoning, and other important social phenomena.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Otolith Chemistry of Juvenile Atlantic Menhaden in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Schaffler Jason J. , Miller Thomas J. , Jones Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Atlantic MenhadenBrevoortia tyrannusis an important component of the estuarine and nearshore fish assemblages in the mid‐Atlantic region. It serves as a forage species for many piscivorous fish, birds, and marine mammals as well as being subject to an important commercial fishery. Currently there is concern over low standing stocks and recruitment, yet few studies have addressed those concerns. We evaluated the effectiveness of using an otolith chemistry approach to identify juvenile menhaden nursery areas throughout the Chesapeake Bay over 2 years. If successful, an otolith chemistry approach is capable of addressing a number of hypotheses regarding the source and fate of recruits in a stock. We found multiple unique otolith chemistry signatures in menhaden collected in the Chesapeake Bay. Overall correct classification was 85% for the 2005 cohort and 95% for the 2006 cohort. The ratios of most trace element: Ca and stable isotope ratios were different among areas. In addition to spatial differences, both seasonal and annual temporal variation was present in the otolith chemistry. However, a discriminant function that included temporal variation resulted in reduced prediction accuracy (overall errors increased 7–10%). We found that our classification function, which was developed for multiple cohorts, can successfully predict group membership. We recommend additional evaluation of this strategy because of its potential application to data‐poor stocks. Our data show that juvenile menhaden in the Chesapeake Bay can be reliably discriminated based on otolith chemistry signatures and that this approach can be used to critically evaluate the nursery contributions of the bay to the coastal adult stock of menhaden.Received July 11, 2013; accepted January 21, 2014