bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights on Planet Formation in WASP-47 from a Simultaneous Analysis of Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations
Authors: Weiss Lauren M. , Deck Katherine M. , Sinukoff Evan , Petigura Erik A. , Agol Eric , Lee Eve J. , Becker Juliette C. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Hirsch Lea , Benneke Björn 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Measuring precise planet masses, densities, and orbital dynamics in individual planetary systems is an important pathway toward understanding planet formation. The WASP-47 system has an unusual architecture that motivates a complex formation theory. The system includes a hot Jupiter (“b”) neighbored by interior (“e”) and exterior (“d”) sub-Neptunes, and a long-period eccentric giant planet (“c”). We simultaneously modeled transit times from the Kepler
K2 mission and 118 radial velocities to determine the precise masses, densities, and Keplerian orbital elements of the WASP-47 planets. Combining RVs and TTVs provides a better estimate of the mass of planet d (

) than that obtained with only RVs (

) or TTVs (

). Planets e and d have high densities for their size, consistent with a history of photoevaporation and/or formation in a volatile-poor environment. Through our RV and TTV analysis, we find that the planetary orbits have eccentricities similar to the solar system planets. The WASP-47 system has three similarities to our own solar system: (1) the planetary orbits are nearly circular and coplanar, (2) the planets are not trapped in mean motion resonances, and (3) the planets have diverse compositions. None of the current single-process exoplanet formation theories adequately reproduce these three characteristics of the WASP-47 system (or our solar system). We propose that WASP-47, like the solar system, formed in two stages: first, the giant planets formed in a gas-rich disk and migrated to their present locations, and second, the high-density sub-Neptunes formed in situ in a gas-poor environment.
Binary Black Hole Mergers from Field Triples: Properties, Rates, and the Impact of Stellar Evolution
Authors: Antonini Fabio , Toonen Silvia , Hamers Adrian S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We consider the formation of binary black hole (BH) mergers through the evolution of field massive triple stars. In this scenario, favorable conditions for the inspiral of a BH binary are initiated by its gravitational interaction with a distant companion, rather than by a common-envelope phase invoked in standard binary evolution models. We use a code that follows self-consistently the evolution of massive triple stars, combining the secular triple dynamics (Lidov–Kozai cycles) with stellar evolution. After a BH triple is formed, its dynamical evolution is computed using either the orbit-averaged equations of motion, or a high-precision direct integrator for triples with weaker hierarchies for which the secular perturbation theory breaks down. Most BH mergers in our models are produced in the latter non-secular dynamical regime. We derive the properties of the merging binaries and compute a BH merger rate in the range (0.3–1.3) Gpc−3 yr−1, or up to ≈2.5 Gpc−3 yr−1 if the BH orbital planes have initially random orientation. Finally, we show that BH mergers from the triple channel have significantly higher eccentricities than those formed through the evolution of massive binaries or in dense star clusters. Measured eccentricities could therefore be used to uniquely identify binary mergers formed through the evolution of triple stars. While our results suggest up to ≈10 detections per year with Advanced-LIGO, the high eccentricities could render the merging binaries harder to detect with planned space based interferometers such as LISA.
The Intrinsic Far-infrared Continua of Type-1 Quasars
Authors: Lyu Jianwei , Rieke George H. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The range of currently proposed active galactic nucleus (AGN) far-infrared templates results in uncertainties in retrieving host galaxy information from infrared observations and also undermines constraints on the outer part of the AGN torus. We discuss how to test and reconcile these templates. Physically, the fraction of the intrinsic AGN IR-processed luminosity compared with that from the central engine should be consistent with the dust-covering factor. In addition, besides reproducing the composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of quasars, a correct AGN IR template combined with an accurate library of star-forming galaxy templates should be able to reproduce the IR properties of the host galaxies, such as the luminosity-dependent SED shapes and aromatic feature strengths. We develop tests based on these expected behaviors and find that the shape of the AGN intrinsic far-IR emission drops off rapidly starting at ∼20 μm and can be matched by an Elvis et al.-like template with a minor modification. Despite the variations in the near- to mid-IR bands, AGNs in quasars and Seyfert galaxies have remarkably similar intrinsic far-IR SEDs at λ ∼ 20–100 μm, suggesting a similar emission character of the outermost region of the circumnuclear torus. The variations of the intrinsic AGN IR SEDs among the type-1 quasar population can be explained by the changing relative strengths of four major dust components with similar characteristic temperatures, and there is evidence for compact AGN-heated dusty structures at sub-kiloparsec scales in the far-IR.
Observed Faraday Effects in Damped Lyα Absorbers and Lyman Limit Systems: The Magnetized Environment of Galactic Building Blocks at Redshift = 2
Authors: Farnes J. S. , Rudnick L. , Gaensler B. M. , Haverkorn M. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Curran S. J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Protogalactic environments are typically identified using quasar absorption lines and can manifest as Damped Lyman-alpha Absorbers (DLAs) and Lyman Limit Systems (LLSs). We use radio observations of Faraday effects to test whether these galactic building blocks host a magnetized medium, by combining DLA and LLS detections with 1.4 GHz polarization data from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS). We obtain a control, a DLA, and an LLS sample consisting of 114, 19, and 27 lines of sight, respectively. Using a Bayesian framework and weakly informative priors, we are unable to detect either coherent or random magnetic fields in DLAs: the regular coherent fields must be

μG, and the lack of depolarization suggests the weakly magnetized gas in DLAs is non-turbulent and quiescent. However, we find a mild suggestive indication that LLSs have coherent magnetic fields, with a 71.5% probability that LLSs have higher

than a control, although this is sensitive to the redshift distribution. We also find a strong indication that LLSs host random magnetic fields, with a 95.5% probability that LLS lines of sight have lower polarized fractions than a control. The regular coherent fields within the LLSs must be

μG, and the magnetized gas must be highly turbulent with a typical turbulent length scale on the order of ≈5–20 pc. Our results are consistent with the standard dynamo paradigm, whereby magnetism in protogalaxies increases in coherence over cosmic time, and with a hierarchical galaxy formation scenario, with the DLAs and LLSs exploring different stages of magnetic field evolution in galaxies.
Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Central Molecular Zone with a Realistic Galactic Potential
Authors: Shin Jihye , Kim Sungsoo S. , Baba Junichi , Saitoh Takayuki R. , Hwang Jeong-Sun , Chun Kyungwon , Hozumi Shunsuke 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present hydrodynamic simulations of gas clouds inflowing from the disk to a few hundred parsec region of the Milky Way. A gravitational potential is generated to include realistic Galactic structures by using thousands of multipole expansions (MEs) that describe 6.4 million stellar particles of a self-consistent Galaxy simulation. We find that a hybrid ME model, with two different basis sets and a thick-disk correction, accurately reproduces the overall structures of the Milky Way. Through non-axisymmetric Galactic structures of an elongated bar and spiral arms, gas clouds in the disk inflow to the nuclear region and form a central molecular zone-like nuclear ring. We find that the size of the nuclear ring evolves into

∼
240

pc

at

T
∼
1500

Myr

, regardless of the initial size. For most simulation runs, the rate of gas inflow to the nuclear region is equilibrated to

∼
0.02

M

⊙

yr

−
1

. The nuclear ring is off-centered, relative to the Galactic center, by the lopsided central mass distribution of the Galaxy model, and thus an asymmetric mass distribution of the nuclear ring arises accordingly. The vertical asymmetry of the Galaxy model also causes the nuclear ring to be tilted along the Galactic plane. During the first ∼100 Myr, the vertical frequency of the gas motion is twice that of the orbital frequency, thus the projected nuclear ring shows a twisted,

∞

-like shape.
Nearby Young, Active, Late-type Dwarfs in Gaia's First Data Release
Authors: Kastner Joel H. , Sacco Germano , Rodriguez David , Punzi Kristina , Zuckerman B. , Haney Laura Vican 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Galex Nearby Young Star Survey (GALNYSS) has yielded a sample of ∼2000 UV-selected objects that are candidate nearby (

D
≲
150

pc

), young (age ∼ 10–100 Myr), late-type stars. Here, we evaluate the distances and ages of the subsample of (19) GALNYSS stars with Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) parallax distances

D
≤
120

pc

. The overall youth of these 19 mid-K to early-M stars is readily apparent from their positions relative to the loci of main-sequence stars and giants in Gaia-based color-magnitude and color-color diagrams constructed for all stars detected by Galex and the Wide-field Infrared Space Explorer for which parallax measurements are included in DR1. The isochronal ages of all 19 stars lie in the range ∼10–100 Myr. Comparison with Li-based age estimates indicates a handful of these stars may be young main-sequence binaries rather than pre-main sequence stars. Nine of the 19 objects have not previously been considered as nearby, young stars, and all but one of these are found at declinations north of +30°. The Gaia DR1 results presented here indicate that the GALNYSS sample includes several hundred nearby, young stars, a substantial fraction of which have not been previously recognized as having ages

≲
100

Myr

.
Variation of Supergranule Parameters with Solar Cycles: Results from Century-long Kodaikanal Digitized Ca ii K Data
Authors: Chatterjee Subhamoy , Mandal Sudip , Banerjee Dipankar 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Ca ii K spectroheliograms spanning over a century (1907–2007) from Kodaikanal Solar Observatory, India, have recently been digitized and calibrated. Applying a fully automated algorithm (which includes contrast enhancement and the “Watershed method”) to these data, we have identified the supergranules and calculated the associated parameters, such as scale, circularity, and fractal dimension. We have segregated the quiet and active regions and obtained the supergranule parameters separately for these two domains. In this way, we have isolated the effect of large-scale and small-scale magnetic fields on these structures and find a significantly different behavior of the supergranule parameters over solar cycles. These differences indicate intrinsic changes in the physical mechanism behind the generation and evolution of supergranules in the presence of small-scale and large-scale magnetic fields. This also highlights the need for further studies using solar dynamo theory along with magneto-convection models.
Faut-il se débarrasser des « idéologies linguistiques »?
Authors: Costa James 
Published: May 2017

Cet article part du constat que la notion d’idéologies linguistiques est utilisée de plus en plus fréquemment en sociolinguistique, sans que cet usage ne soit réellement problématisé ou justifié. S’agit-il donc simplement d’un effet de mode, auquel cas ne devrions-nous pas abandonner cette notion ? Ce texte cherche à montrer que l’usage actuel des idéologies linguistiques ne dérive généralement pas, ou peu, d’une conceptualisation qui aurait ses origines dans la sociologie critique européenne, mais dans une réflexion sémiotique et anthropologique dont les origines remontent aux années 1970 et à la relecture de l’œuvre de C. S. Peirce. En montrant les possibilités qu’offre cette sémiotique, notamment en termes de prise en compte des objets dans leur matérialité, cet article propose de conserver la notion d’idéologies linguistiques – à condition qu’elle soit accompagnée d’une véritable réflexion sur son usage. C’est à cette seule condition que le terme ne sera pas un simple synonyme de « représentations » ou de « idées ».
Parcours en analyse du discours
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique 
Published: May 2017

Dans cette contribution, je commence par réfléchir sur l’évolution de l’analyse du discours en m’appuyant sur mon parcours personnel, qui a accompagné l’institutionnalisation progressive de ce champ de recherche. Dans un second temps, je m’efforce de mettre à jour un certain nombre de défis auxquels elle est aujourd’hui confrontée : quatre questions sont abordées : a) l’étude du discours est fragmentée en de multiples courants, mais il est très difficile d’appréhender ce champ dans sa globalité ; 2) l’analyse du discours est confrontée aux transformations provoquées par le développement d’Internet qui tout à la fois offre des objets inédits à l’analyse et modifie en profondeur les conditions de la recherche et ; 3) l’analyse du discours a traditionnellement privilégie les données extraites de conversations ordinaires, des médias, de l’éducation, la santé ou la politique, ce qui a une incidence forte sur ses présupposés, ses concepts et ses méthodes ; il paraît nécessaire de s’intéresser à de nouveaux corpus ; 4) l’analyse du discours a émergé à travers différentes cultures scientifiques nationales : que se passe-t-il quand l’espace de la recherche est mondialisé ?
Nouveaux défis pour l’analyse conversationnelle : l’organisation située et systématique de l’interaction sociale
Authors: Mondada Lorenza 
Published: May 2017

À la croisée entre linguistique et sociologie, l’analyse conversationnelle a depuis les années 1970 offert un modèle pour l’analyse du langage et de l’action dans l’interaction sociale. Cet article en retrace les principes fondateurs et quelques défis contemporains. Sur la base d’une analyse empirique d’un corpus vidéo sont ensuite présentés les enjeux de la multimodalité, de ses temporalités multiples, de l’imbrication des formats verbaux de l’action et de leur ancrage social, ainsi que de la tension entre recherche de la systématicité et respect des variations et de l’indexicalité.
Écologie (socio)linguistique : évolution, élaboration et variation
Authors: Léo Léonard Jean 
Published: May 2017

L’écologie des langues et l’écolinguistique sont deux facettes d’un macro-paradigme émergent en sociolinguistique et, de manière plus générale, en sciences du langage, depuis les travaux pionniers d’Einar Haugen dans les années 1970. On distingue l’un et l’autre, selon que l’accent est porté sur la manière dont les sociétés humaines « habitent » ou font « cohabiter » et transforment leurs langues en fonction des contraintes et des dynamiques sociales, ou sur la manière dont on parle de l’environnement et de l’équilibre des relations homme/nature ou entre les différents segments des sociétés humaines (par exemple, questions de genres ). Le point de vue développé ici concerne l’apport de la théorie de la complexité et des systèmes complexes, selon une acception non métaphorique, au premier de ces deux champs. On confronte divers modèles d’écologie des langues, et on aborde la perspective évolutionniste sous un angle critique, pour terminer sur une étude de cas, concernant le concept de vitalité, en comparant des modèles « de par en haut » et « de par en bas » d’analyse de situations de conflit ou de contact de langues.
TLR-Induced Murine Dendritic Cell (DC) Activation Requires DC-Intrinsic Complement
Authors: Sheen Joong-Hyuk , Strainic Michael G. , Liu Jinbo , Zhang Weijia , Yi Zhengzi , Medof M. Edward , Heeger Peter S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Induction of proinflammatory T cell immunity is augmented by innate dendritic cell (DC) maturation commonly initiated by TLR signaling. We demonstrate that ligation of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 induces murine DC production of complement components and local production of the anaphylatoxin C5a. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses show that TLR-induced DC maturation, as assessed by surface phenotype, expression profiling by gene array, and functional ability to stimulate T cell responses, requires autocrine C3a receptor and C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) signaling. Studies using bone marrow chimeric animals and Foxp3-GFP/ERT2-Cre/dTomato fate-mapping mice show that TLR-initiated DC autocrine C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling causes expansion of effector T cells and instability of regulatory T cells and contributes to T cell–dependent transplant rejection. Together, our data position immune cell–derived complement production and autocrine/paracrine C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling as crucial intermediary processes that link TLR stimulation to DC maturation and the subsequent development of effector T cell responses.
Cutting Edge: Dual TCRα Expression Poses an Autoimmune Hazard by Limiting Regulatory T Cell Generation
Authors: Schuldt Nathaniel J. , Auger Jennifer L. , Spanier Justin A. , Martinov Tijana , Breed Elise R. , Fife Brian T. , Hogquist Kristin A. , Binstadt Bryce A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Despite accounting for 10–30% of the T cell population in mice and humans, the role of dual TCR-expressing T cells in immunity remains poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that dual TCR T cells pose an autoimmune hazard by allowing self-reactive TCRs to escape thymic selection. We revisited this hypothesis using the NOD murine model of type 1 diabetes. We bred NOD mice hemizygous at both TCRα and β (TCRα+/− β+/−) loci, rendering them incapable of producing dual TCR T cells. We found that the lack of dual TCRα expression skewed the insulin-specific thymocyte population toward greater regulatory T (Treg) cell commitment, resulting in a more tolerogenic Treg to conventional T cell ratio and protection from diabetes. These data support a novel hypothesis by which dual TCR expression can promote autoimmunity by limiting agonist selection of self-reactive thymocytes into the Treg cell lineage.
Time Out of Joint: Power, Performance, and the State of Exception in Harold Pinter's Drama
Authors: Owens Craig N. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Harold Pinter's political plays frequently take place during sociopolitical states of exception, during which foundational, constitutive juridico-legislative processes and protections are suspended precisely in order to safeguard their continuity and efficacy. Political and social theorist Giorgio Agamben, in State of Exception, argues that the paradoxical quality of states of exceptions is irreducible, unable to be resolved into a noncontradictory political theory. Similarly, in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, “Art, Truth and Politics,” Pinter evinces a paradoxical, or at least ambivalent, orientation to theater: On the one hand, the search for truth in art must forever continue; on the other hand, it is never achievable; only the real-world truths of the politically engaged citizen offer the certainties necessary for social and political resistance. By laying out such a position, Pinter appears to relegate theater itself to a state of exception, and impossible, paradoxical representational space in which what is said is always immediately consumed and negated by the representational practices of live theater. This exceptional state of theater itself is thematized in the storytelling and self-fashioning central to such plays as Party Time, The New World Order, One for the Road, and No Man's Land.
Designing Betrayal's Whirligig of Time and Place
Authors: Vandenbroucke Russell 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The numerous interior locales of Harold Pinter's Betrayal present special challenges for a designer. The play's concise scenes and brief running time add to the complexity designers face in grounding a narrative that strategically hopscotches though time and place. This article contrasts the designs, production support, and casting of two productions directed by the author decades apart: one on the proscenium stage of Northlight, a professional theater in Chicago, the other in a thrust theatre in Louisville with students. Finally, the article contrasts the complexity of Betrayal's design challenges with its accessibility for audiences.
Wesleyan Chaplaincy on the Western Front during the First World War
Authors: Pickering Andrew Nelson 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The centenary of the First World War has seen an extensive reappraisal of the role of military chaplaincy. Most of this work has concentrated on Anglican and Roman Catholic chaplains. Nonconformist denominations, particularly the Wesleyan Church, have, in comparison, been largely neglected. This article emphasizes the depth of Wesleyan backing for the war effort in general and military chaplaincy in particular. Wesleyan chaplains served in almost all the main theatres of war, but the largest number ministered to the Army in France and Belgium. The nature and effectiveness of chaplaincy in spiritual, pastoral, and military terms are examined, arguing that these were three complementary roles of the same ministry. The commonality of the work of padres of all denominations is stressed; however, there was much about Wesleyan chaplaincy that was distinct.
GEOMICROBIOLOGY OF SUBSURFACE MINE OF THE FORE-SUDETIC MONOCLINE
Authors: Bąkowska Agnieszka , Karlicki Michał , Włodarczyk Agnieszka , Matlakowska Renata 
Published: May 2017

The unique underground environment developed in the area of Fore-Sudetic Monocline as a result of mining activity. This environment is inhabited by bacteria, archaea and fungi. They are mainly lithobionts for which copper-bearing Kupferschiefer black shale is the source of carbon and energy as well as macro- and microelements. Among them, many interesting genera and species adapted to this unique environment were found. Particularly interesting are microbial communities that represent a variety of metabolic strategies: microorganisms using organic compounds (organoheterotrophs), utilizing only mineral compounds (chemolitoautotrophs), producing methane (methanogens) and degrading it (methanotrophs). Additionally, underground mines inhabit microorganisms resistant to heavy metals and high salinity. Microorganisms play an important role in the transformation of Kupferschiefer black shale, affecting its geochemical composition and physicochemical properties, and the groundwater chemistry. Microbial metabolic activity leads to biooxidation of fossil organic matter (including kerogen) and sulphide minerals. As a result of these processes a number of oxidized organic and inorganic compounds are formed. They are products of organic matter degradation, such as alcohols, organic acids, ketones and aldehydes as well as secondary inorganic compounds, including numerous biominerals (e.g. sulphates). Some of these compounds are mobilized to groundwater; some are immobilized in the form of sediments.