bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ancients’ Criterion of Earliest Visibility of the Lunar Crescent: How Good is it?
Authors: Ilyas M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEarliest visibility of the lunar crescent is an important calendrical element. It was needed in all early calendars and remains in use in some lunar calendars today. An astronomical criterion of earliest lunar visibility was therefore evolved quite early, using observations, right from the Babylonian era. In subsequent periods the Babylonian single factor ‘moonset lag’ criterion was used extensively, although gradually it was realized that it was rather simple. Recently, an improved and comprehensive global criterion of earliest visibility, developed by the author, has been used to generate an extensive inverted moonset lag data set. These data, as a function of latitude and season, all for the tirst time provide a useful comparison with the simple ancient criterion. It is found that the simple criterion is remarkably good for the latitude region where the Ancients collected their observational data, illustrating the care with which their data was gathered. At other latitudes, there are significant differences, as may be expected. Although the simple criterion may now be replaced by an accurate season and latitude dependent criterion, the former will continue to provide a useful basis. The paper discusses various related historical developments.
An Unknown Arabic Source for Star Names
Authors: Kunitzsch Paul 
Published: July 2016

Arabic star names are well known in two areas: in the Orient itself, i.e. in the Arabic-Islamic civilization, and in the West where many of them were adopted since mediaeval times and continued to be used until today.The complex known in modern Western astronomy as “Arabic star names” is the result of a historical development of almost exactly one thousand years. In mediaeval times, those names were introduced into Western use by Latin translations of Arabic astronomical and astrological works. Afterwards, since Humanist and Renaissance times, and until this present century, Western astronomers used to pick up more “Arabic” names from philological studies of orientalists who tried to describe and explain the stellar nomenclature of the Arabs and other Oriental peoples. As outstanding examples, I mention the studies of Joseph Scaliger and his follower Hugo Grotius (both printed in 1600) whose nomenclature was borrowed by Johannes Bayer into his star atlas Uranometria of 1603; Thomas Hyde’s commentary to his edition of Ulugh Bēg’s star catalogue (Oxford, 1665) from which Giuseppe Piazzi borrowed a great number of names into the second edition of his Palermo Catalogue, 1814; German studies by F.W.V. Lach (1796) and Ludwig Ideler (1809) which were used by continental astronomers such as J.E.Bode and many others; and still the book on star names by R.H. Allen (1899) from which several new names appear in astronomical books and atlases of our times.
La Theorie Astronomique Selon Jabir IBN Aflah (English Abstract)
Authors: Hugonnard-Roche H. 
Published: July 2016

Ptolemy’s Almagest has been criticized by Islamic astronomers in two different ways: criticisms of Ptolemaic parameters and criticisms, like those of the Maragha school, of the geometrical models used as they contradicted certain basic principles like the principle of uniform motion.Jabir ibn Aflah’s Islah al-Majisti seems to be outside the two aforementioned ways of criticizing the Almagest for he gives an excellent and faithful qualitative account of his kinematical models. He pretends, on one side, to give a complement to the mathematical basis of the Almagest and, on the other, he seems to consider this work as having, in his time, only a theoretical value; due to the modifications of parameters introduced by Islamic astronomers, the Almagest itself has lost, in Jabir’s opinion, all practical value for computation. He also gives a list of mistakes he thinks Ptolemy made, but I will limit myself here to analyse what Jabir seems to consider a methodological lack of which I will give only one example: Jabir criticizes Ptolemy’s determination of the relative positions of the centre of the equant, the centre of the deferent and the centre of the universe in the case of the models for the superior planets, for he considers that Ptolemy did not give any proof of the fact that the centre of the deferent is the midpoint between the two others.
Small Bodies of the Solar System
Authors: Kowal Charles T. 
Published: July 2016

Schmidt telescopes are ideal for many types of survey work, and this includes surveying the solar system. Schmidt cameras have the advantages of speed and wide fields for rapid coverage of large areas of the sky, and good image quality over the entire field. The small focal ratios also have the effect of enhancing low surface-brightness features. This is an advantage for studying cornetary tails and comae.Current work in the field of small solar system objects can be divided into three different areas: searching for new objects, recovering lost objects, and astrornetry of known objects. Each of these areas requires its own techniques.
The Cerro El Roble Sample of Faint Ultraviolet Excess Objects in the South Galactic Pole
Authors: Campusano Luis E. , Torres Carlos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe idea to develop selected regions of the sky for extragalactic research in the Galactic Polar areas is emphasized. One such region, centered at α=00h 53m (1950) δ=-28°03', has been examined by several authors for surveys of QSO candidates. We have also searched 44-deg2 of this region, containing the South Galactic Pole (SGP), for relative ultraviolet excess objects (UVXs) in 5 partially overlapping fields of the 70/100 cm Maksutov telescope of Cerro El Roble. The search was found to be extremely incomplete at B>19 mag, while the completeness for B ≲ 19 was estimated to be approximately 30% in non overlapping regions and 50% in overlapping regions. Only the central overlapping region was used for the comparison of the surface densities of different UVX samples. The surface density in this region is 7.2 UVX/deg2 at B∼19 mag and approximately a factor 2 larger than the one found by Savage and Bolton (1979) in two 25 deg2 fields near the SGP. In addition, our surface density value is a factor 3/2 larger than the density found by Braccesi, Formiggini and Gandolfi (1970) near the North Galactic Pole. Twenty-seven new QSOs have been already identified in our UVX sample from spectroscopic data collected on the Las Campanas 2.5 meter telescope. A statistical test applied to the surface distribution of our UVXs in the central 25 deg2 region, gave a slight suggestion of non-uniformity.
Atomic Physics for Hot Plasmas
Authors: Vainshtein L.A. 
Published: July 2016

This report treats some aspects of how to obtain and apply main atomic characteristics responsible for the intensities and satellite structures of spectral lines in hot plasmas.The experimental test, of theoretical methods and calculated cross- sections σ is often possible only in a plasma, especially for highly charged ions. In this case the rates &lt; υσ &gt;, rather than σ, are measured for different temperature values. Another difficulty is linked to the analysis of a large number of processes which have to be taken into account simultaneously.In laboratory plasmas (usually during an ionization stage) the ionization, excitation and dielectronic recombination rates are measured for numerous ions with Z ≤ 25. They are discussed in the report by H. Griem at this Colloquium. Unfortunately, in some cases the results are not consistent along the isoelectronic sequence and deviate considerably (up to a factor of 1.5 - 2) from those yielded by cross-beam methods, or calculations.
Steps Towards 8m Honeycomb Mirrors V: a Method for Polishing Aspheres as Fast as F/1
Authors: Angel J. R. P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA method is proposed for polishing fast aspherics with a lap whose shape is continuously changed under computer control as it moves over a rigid mirror blank. The required changes of radius, astigmatism and coma in a circular lap are made with edge bending levers and tensioning members with screw actuators. This method of bending has been demonstrated in the laboratory.
Sundai's 75cm Alt-Az Telescope with an E6 Honeycomb Mirror
Authors: Isobe Syuzo , Seo Hideaki , Osawa Hiroshi , Konno Masahiko , Shinohara Nobuo , Norizuki Sojiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA 75cm alt-az telescope with a primary mirror made from the Ohara E6 glass was completed in December, 1983, at Kitakaruizawa, Japan. We describe the surface accuracy of mirror during its polishing and in a telescope cell, and also discuss some new technical points developed for this telescope.
Interferometry with Large Telescopes
Authors: Léna Pierre 
Published: July 2016

1. Introduction. A popular - often textbook supported- view is that the diffraction limit of large telescopes is out of reach from ground-based observatories.We summarize on Fig.1 the scope of angular resolving power, in the range lOOnm to 10. nm, as it appears today.A quick look reveals, expressed in absolute angular terms, a number of stimulating points :(i) recent advances in speckle techniques allow to reach the diffraction limit of large ground-based telescopes, notwithstanding the seeing effects. Initially devised to measure double bright stars separation in the visible, these techniques have been extended to weak visible stars (mv ~ 14 to 16), to infrared sources (l-5µm), to full image reconstruction, and even to diffraction limited images obtained with optics suffering from residual aberrations (Faint Object Camera on the Space Telescope);
Infrared Speckle Methods
Authors: Chelli A. 
Published: July 2016

I-INTRODUCTION The speckle interferometry method has been introduced in 1970 by A. Labeyrie who showed in the visible dcmain that it was possible to reach the limiting spatial resolution of large telescopes. From 1977, the method is extended to the near infrared between 2 and 5ym (Lena, 1977; Wade and Selby, 1978) ,7 years later infrared speckle systems are operating on several large telescopes (ESO, KPNO, AAT, UKIRT, CFHT... ).The speckle interferometry method has allowed to better understanding the optical properties of the atmosphere, especially owing to the work of F.Roddier (Roddier, 1981). It has raised new problems like the phase restitution of the object spectrum and has largely contributed to the development of image reconstruction methods.
Cost Scaling Laws and Their Origin: Design Strategy for an Optical Array Telescope
Authors: Humphries C.M. , Reddish V.C. , Walshaw D.J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPower law relationships between cost and aperture of optical telescopes are shown to be approximations to polynomial expressions. These polynomials, which are derived for telescopes of traditional and cost-reduced design, have implications for the cost-effective design of an optical array telescope.
A Simultaneous Five Colour Three Channel Photometer with Fiber Optics - Design and First Results
Authors: Barwig H. , Schoembs R. 
Published: July 2016

Accurate photometry of fast variable objects requires simultaneous measurements of object, sky and comparison star with high time resolution. Additionally, if reliable colours of short time variations are of interest each light source has also to be measured simultaneously in several wavelength regions.The prototyp of a 3 channel 5 colour photometer fitting these requirements was constructed at the Universitats-Sternwarte Miinchen in 1983 and shall be described in the following. The development of this instrument was carried out in two steps: At first a 3 channel photometer had been designed for observations in integral light. It was successfully tested at Calar Alto Observatory (Mitt. Astron. Ges. 60, p. 474, 1983)
The 6-Meter Optical Telescope of the USSR: Instrumentation and Observational Possibilities
Authors: Kopylov I.M. , Fomenko A.f. 
Published: July 2016

This report offers a short description of observational facilities used at the 6-meter optical telescope BTA of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.The purposes of the report:-to give an idea on the general strategics for the development of the observational facilities of the BTA;-to present the principle information on the achieved observational possibilities. The first point may prove to be useful for the projects of Very Large Telescopes (VLT), that are discussed at this meeting.
A Generalization of the Cors Method to Determine Cepheid Radii: Theory and Application
Authors: Caccin B. , Buonaura B. , Onnembo A. , Russo G. , Sambuco A. M. , Sollazzo C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe CORS method for the empirical determination of the radii of pulsating variables (Caccin et al., 1981; Sollazzo et al., 1981) is discussed in the framework of the quasistatlc approximation to the variations of the atmospheric parameters (Unno, 1965) and reformulated in a way that does not make direct use of theoretical calibrations of the photometric system in terms of model atmospheres. The radii calculated with this approach are in good agreement with those previously obtained by means of Pel's calibrations of the VBLUW system (Sollazzo et al.,1981) which lead to a period-radius relation coinciding, within the errors, with the theoretical one (Cogan, 1978) and, consequently, mass determinations consistent with pulsational masses (Cox, 1979). The method can be immediately applied to any other multicolour system, and very promising preliminary results are obtained by using recent UBV data by Gieren (1982).
Non-Cepheids in the Instability Strip
Authors: Bidelman William P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe question of whether non-Cepheids populate the cepheid instability strip has been the subject of much recent interest. Several investigators (see especially Fernie and Hube 1971 and Fernie 1976) have concluded that indeed there are an appreciable number of objects not presently recognized as Cepheids within the strip, though both the size and position of the strip and the placement of supergiants in the H-R diagram are subject to considerable uncertainty. In view of the interest in this matter, I have attempted to shed some light on this situation by simply considering the nature of the stars spectroscopically classified as of high luminosity in spectral classes F and G. For this one needs, of course, a complete sample of the relevant stars, which fortunately is now to some extent available.
Nonadiabatic, Nonlinear Pulsations of Bump Cepheids – A New Approach
Authors: Buchler J. R. , Goupil M. J. , Klapp J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFinite amplitude pulsations of realistic stellar models are analyzed within the framework of a promising asymptotic perturbation approach and the results are compared with those of numerical hydrodynamic studies.
Population II Cepheids
Authors: Harris H. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA review of Cepheids in globular clusters finds 46 stars that are highly probable members of 21 clusters, all of intermediate to low metallicity with blue horizontal branches. In order to separate Type II Cepheids in the field from classical Cepheids, an analysis is made of the distribution of all Cepheids: 144 are sufficiently far from the galactic plane to be considered Type II. Their properties are compared with the cluster Cepheids. Some recent studies are reviewed that are improving our understanding of low-mass Cepheids.
Irradiation Effects on Comets and Cometary Debris
Authors: Strazzulla G. , Johnson R.E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFor the last 10 years, many experimental results have been obtained on the chemical and physical changes induced by ion and electron irradiation of materials relevant to comets. Those results are reviewed here, together with their physical interpretation and their relevance for cometary astrophysics. Cometary material is, from the time of its origin, altered by the large amount of energy deposited by energetic ions. Four phases of the irradiation history are considered: the pre-cometary phase, during which interstellar dust is bombarded by cosmic-ray ions; the accretion phase, during which comets are built up, possibly in an environment rich in fast ions (T-Tau phase); the cometary phase, during which the outer layers of the comets are irradiated by galactic ions in the Oort cloud; and the post-cometary phase, during which dust, lost from the comet, is bombarded by solar ions.The relevant applications of laboratory results are reviewed. In particular, the ability of ion irradiation of simple carbon-containing ices to produce complex refractory organic materials is discussed. In the Oort cloud, this process can occur several meters into the surface, so that the buildup of a stable organic crust may occur. A comparison of ion irradiation at various stages is also made with other models for the production of organics.
Laboratory Simulation of Cometary Structures
Authors: Ibadinov KH.I. , Rahmonov A.A. , Bjasso A.SH. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe properties of a porous mineral crust on the surface of an icy cometary nucleus and the crust's influence on the thermal regime and gas production in the nucleus have been studied by laboratory simulation experiments. A nucleus model of H2O ice with the impurity of graphite particles has been shown to display the same temperature and surface albedo as those determined for Comet Halley’s nucleus by the VEGA 1, VEGA 2, and Giotto spacecraft. The effective thermal conductivity of a crust with a density of 0.5 × 102 kg m−3 to 0.7 × 102 kg m−3 is less than 10−1 W m−1 K−1, while the crust’s strength (103 to 104 Pa) is not sufficient to withstand its erosion by the sublimating gases. A crust that is 1 cm thick lowers the gas production of the nucleus model by one order of magnitude. The destruction of the crust, and the gas and dust production of Comet Halley’s nucleus can be explained either by a spotty surface on the nucleus or, more likely, by the presence of volatile impurities such as CO2 with concentrations of 1 × 10−2 to 3 × 10−2 in the H2O ice under the crust.
Ferroptosis is induced following siramesine and lapatinib treatment of breast cancer cells
Authors: Ma S , Henson E S , Chen Y , Gibson S B 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative cell death, and is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. In this study, we demonstrated that lysosome disrupting agent, siramesine and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib synergistically induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MDA MB 231, MCF-7, ZR-75 and SKBr3 breast cancer cells over a 24 h time course. Furthermore, the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) significantly reduced cytosolic ROS and cell death following treatment with siramesine and lapatinib. Furthermore, we determined that FeCl3 levels were elevated in cells treated with siramesine and lapatinib indicating an iron-dependent cell death, ferroptosis. To confirm this, we treated cells with a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, ferrastatin-1 that effectively inhibited cell death following siramesine and lapatinib treatment. The increase levels of iron could be due to changes in iron transport. We found that the expression of transferrin, which is responsible for the transport of iron into cells, is increased following treatment with lapatinib alone or in combination with siramesine. Knocking down of transferrin resulted in decreased cell death and ROS after treatment. In addition, ferroportin-1 (FPN) is an iron transport protein, responsible for removal of iron from cells. We found its expression is decreased after treatment with siramesine alone or in combination with lapatinib. Overexpression FPN resulted in decreased ROS and cell death whereas knockdown of FPN increased cell death after siramesine and lapatinib treatment. This indicates a novel induction of ferroptosis through altered iron regulation by treating breast cancer cells with a lysosome disruptor and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Novel adjuvant Alum-TLR7 significantly potentiates immune response to glycoconjugate vaccines
Authors: Buonsanti Cecilia , Balocchi Cristiana , Harfouche Carole , Corrente Federica , Galli Stampino Luisa , Mancini Francesca , Tontini Marta , Malyala Padma , Bufali Simone , Baudner Barbara , De Gregorio Ennio , Valiante Nicholas M. , O’Hagan Derek T. , Rappuoli Rino , D’Oro Ugo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough glycoconjugate vaccines are generally very efficacious, there is still a need to improve their efficacy, especially in eliciting a strong primary antibody response. We have recently described a new type of vaccine adjuvant based on a TLR7 agonist adsorbed to alum (Alum-TLR7), which is highly efficacious at enhancing immunogenicity of protein based vaccines. Since no adjuvant has been shown to potentiate the immune response to glycoconjugate vaccines in humans, we investigated if Alum-TLR7 is able to improve immunogenicity of this class of vaccines. We found that in a mouse model Alum-TLR7 greatly improved potency of a CRM197-MenC vaccine increasing anti-MenC antibody titers and serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against MenC compared to alum adjuvanted vaccine, especially with a low dose of antigen and already after a single immunization. Alum-TLR7 also drives antibody response towards Th1 isotypes. This adjuvant was also able to increase immunogenicity of all polysaccharides of a multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccine CRM197-MenACWY. Furthermore, we found that Alum-TLR7 increases anti-polysaccharide immune response even in the presence of a prior immune response against the carrier protein. Finally, we demonstrate that Alum-TLR7 adjuvant effect requires a functional TLR7. Taken together, our data support the use of Alum-TLR7 as adjuvant for glycoconjugate vaccines.
Universal diffusion-limited injection and the hook effect in organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Liu Chuan , Huseynova Gunel , Xu Yong , Long Dang Xuan , Park Won-Tae , Liu Xuying , Minari Takeo , Noh Yong-Young 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe general form of interfacial contact resistance was derived for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) covering various injection mechanisms. Devices with a broad range of materials for contacts, semiconductors, and dielectrics were investigated and the charge injections in staggered OTFTs was found to universally follow the proposed form in the diffusion-limited case, which is signified by the mobility-dependent injection at the metal-semiconductor interfaces. Hence, real ohmic contact can hardly ever be achieved in OTFTs with low carrier concentrations and mobility, and the injection mechanisms include thermionic emission, diffusion, and surface recombination. The non-ohmic injection in OTFTs is manifested by the generally observed hook shape of the output conductance as a function of the drain field. The combined theoretical and experimental results show that interfacial contact resistance generally decreases with carrier mobility, and the injection current is probably determined by the surface recombination rate, which can be promoted by bulk-doping, contact modifications with charge injection layers and dopant layers, and dielectric engineering with high-k dielectric materials.