bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Computerization Of Material Culture Catalogues: Objects and Infrastructure in the Smithsonian Institution's Department of Anthropology
Authors: Turner Hannah 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe history of museum collections is also the history of the management of information about these collections. Today, increased access to large amounts of robust collections data requires that information be curated so that is useful for communities and individuals who wish to access it. This has caused scholars and communities to question modes of ordering that do not necessarily map onto their own local and personal understandings of the world. In light of the major pragmatic and intellectual affordances stimulated by information technologies, the inner workings of these systems are often made invisible and act as infrastructures rather than singular or simple tools. By providing a historical account of how information about anthropological museum collections was computerized in the 1970s at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), I consider the museum catalogue as a socio‐technical information infrastructure. From that perspective, I argue that the knowledge produced by modes of inscription such as catalogues is generated by relationships of individuals and technologies. A detailed and critical history of catalogues must take into account these historical socio‐technical infrastructures.
“Who matters most?”: Clinician perspectives of influence and recommendation on home dialysis uptake
Authors: Walker Rachael C , Marshall Roger , Howard Kirsten , Morton Rachael L , Marshall Mark R 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAimThere is little research exploring the association between clinicians' behaviours and home dialysis uptake. This paper aims to better understand the influence of clinicians on home dialysis modality recommendations and uptake.MethodsOnline survey of all NZ renal units to determine the influence of individuals within pre‐dialysis teams. We used the self‐declaration scale of influence to rate the identified member's perceived influence on decision‐making. We used this measure of ‘decisional power’ to compare the perceived influence of pre‐dialysis nurses with nephrologists using both parametric and non‐parametric methods. We developed a generalized linear model to investigate the relationship between the influence of nephrologists and pre‐dialysis nurses with home dialysis uptake by individual centre using additional data from Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA). Finally, respondents rated the importance of a list of patient and service‐level factors in recommendations for home dialysis.ResultsData suggest the nephrologists are the most influential member of the pre‐dialysis team. This contrasts with perceptions of survey respondents who view pre‐dialysis nurses as most influential. Nephrologists' recommendations are likely to be a successful way of increasing home dialysis. A single point increase in nephrologist decisional power is associated with a 6.1% increase in the prevalence of home dialysis.ConclusionThe decisional power around home dialysis in NZ sits with nephrologists. It is therefore critical that nephrologists exercise their decisional power in advocating home dialysis and address reasons why they may not recommend home dialysis to well‐suited and appropriate patients.
PCP‐B class pollen coat proteins are key regulators of the hydration checkpoint in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen–stigma interactions
Authors: Wang Ludi , Clarke Lisa A. , Eason Russell J. , Parker Christopher C. , Qi Baoxiu , Scott Rod J. , Doughty James 
Published: September 2016

Summary

The establishment of pollen–pistil compatibility is strictly regulated by factors derived from both male and female reproductive structures. Highly diverse small cysteine‐rich proteins (CRPs) have been found to play multiple roles in plant reproduction, including the earliest stages of the pollen–stigma interaction. Secreted CRPs found in the pollen coat of members of the Brassicaceae, the pollen coat proteins (PCPs), are emerging as important signalling molecules that regulate the pollen–stigma interaction.

Using a combination of protein characterization, expression and phylogenetic analyses we identified a novel class of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen‐borne CRPs, the PCP‐Bs (for pollen coat protein B‐class) that are related to embryo surrounding factor (ESF1) developmental regulators. Single and multiple PCP‐B mutant lines were utilized in bioassays to assess effects on pollen hydration, adhesion and pollen tube growth.

Our results revealed that pollen hydration is severely impaired when multiple PCP‐Bs are lost from the pollen coat. The hydration defect also resulted in reduced pollen adhesion and delayed pollen tube growth in all mutants studied.

These results demonstrate that AtPCP‐Bs are key regulators of the hydration ‘checkpoint’ in establishment of pollen–stigma compatibility. In addition, we propose that interspecies diversity of PCP‐Bs may contribute to reproductive barriers in the Brassicaceae.
Herbivore specificity and the chemical basis of plant–plant communication in Baccharis salicifolia (Asteraceae)
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Nell Colleen S. , Katsanis Angelos , Rasmann Sergio , Mooney Kailen A. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

It is well known that plant damage by leaf‐chewing herbivores can induce resistance in neighbouring plants. It is unknown whether such communication occurs in response to sap‐feeding herbivores, whether communication is specific to herbivore identity, and the chemical basis of communication, including specificity.

We carried out glasshouse experiments using the California‐native shrub Baccharis salicifolia and two ecologically distinct aphid species (one a dietary generalist and the other a specialist) to test for specificity of plant–plant communication and to document the underlying volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

We show specificity of plant–plant communication to herbivore identity, as each aphid‐damaged plant only induced resistance in neighbours against the same aphid species. The amount and composition of induced VOCs were markedly different between plants attacked by the two aphid species, providing a putative chemical mechanism for this specificity. Furthermore, a synthetic blend of the five major aphid‐induced VOCs (ethanone, limonene, methyl salicylate, myrcene, ocimene) triggered resistance in receiving plants of comparable magnitude to aphid damage of neighbours, and the effects of the blend exceeded those of individual compounds.

This study significantly advances our understanding of plant–plant communication by demonstrating the importance of sap‐feeding herbivores and herbivore identity, as well as the chemical basis for such effects.
Multiple Café au Lait Spots in a Group of Fair‐Skinned Children without Signs or Symptoms of Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: St. John Jessica , Summe Heather , Csikesz Courtney , Wiss Karen , Hay Beverly , Belazarian Leah 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of six or more café au lait (CAL) spots is a criterion for the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1). Children with multiple CAL spots are often referred to dermatologists for NF‐1 screening. The objective of this case series is to characterize a subset of fair‐complected children with red or blond hair and multiple feathery CAL spots who did not meet the criteria for NF‐1 at the time of their last evaluation.MethodsWe conducted a chart review of eight patients seen in our pediatric dermatology clinic who were previously identified as having multiple CAL spots and no other signs or symptoms of NF‐1.ResultsWe describe eight patients ages 2 to 9 years old with multiple, irregular CAL spots with feathery borders and no other signs or symptoms of NF‐1. Most of these patients had red or blond hair and were fair complected. All patients were evaluated in our pediatric dermatology clinic, some with a geneticist. The number of CAL spots per patient ranged from 5 to 15 (mean 9.4, median 9).ConclusionA subset of children, many with fair complexions and red or blond hair, has an increased number of feathery CAL spots and appears unlikely to develop NF‐1, although genetic testing was not conducted. It is important to recognize the benign nature of CAL spots in these patients so that appropriate screening and follow‐up recommendations may be made.
Paucisymptomatic Dermoid Cyst with Fatal Outcome
Authors: Sellami Khadija , Chaabane Hend , Fourati Hela , Masmoudi Abderrahmen , Mnif Zeineb , Mseddi Madiha , Turki Hamida 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDermoid cysts of the central nervous system can cause devastating complications because of the mass effect of meningitis due to sinus tract. We report the case of a 5‐month‐old girl who presented with a crusted lesion of the occipital region of the scalp. Clinical examination noted skin abnormalities suggestive of occult dysraphism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recommended, however, 40 days after this evaluation, and before the MRI could be performed, the girl presented with neurologic complications. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of dermoid cyst was made after the onset of severe complications that led to her death. The findings in this case emphasize the importance of more prompt MRI evaluation, particularly in cases where cranial or spinal dysraphism is suspected to have any connection to the skin as a pit or tract. Should we perform an urgent MRI for any cutaneous sign of dysraphism to avoid a dramatic evolution?
Varieties of Animalism
Authors: Thornton Allison Krile 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAnimalism in its basic form is the view that we are animals. Whether it is a thesis about anything else – like what the conditions of our persistence through time are or whether we're wholly material things – depends on the facts about the persistence conditions and ontology of animals. Thus, I will argue, there are different varieties of animalism, differing with respect to which other theses are taken in conjunction with animalism in its basic form. The different varieties of animalism vary in credibility: some varieties are supported by arguments that are irrelevant to others, and some varieties are susceptible to objections that others can resist. Adequately distinguishing between varieties of animalism is thus an important preliminary to assessing them. In this paper, I'll present and argue for a taxonomy of the most distinctive varieties.
Promises, Release‐Seeking, and Exploitation: What We Should Not Do To Get Off the Hook
Authors: Liberto Hallie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractI argue here that sometimes the seeking and securing of release from promissory obligation amounts to wrongful exploitation. I contend that this is true even though the promisee has viable alternatives to releasing the promisor from the promise, and even though the promisee is voluntarily releasing the promisor from the promise. I offer two methods by which someone can unfairly take advantage of the promisee's vulnerability that count as wrongfully exploitative. Next, I explain a variety of theories of promising and how they handle promissory release. I explain the difference between coercive release‐seeking and exploitative release‐seeking, and I explain why the latter type of release can be morally legitimate—at least on some theories. I then demonstrate how these scenarios of exploitative release‐seeking pose interesting puzzles and applications for the theories of promising. I end the paper with some thoughts on what rules we can follow to avoid exploitative release‐seeking from our promises.
Moving beyond “shame is bad”: How a functional emotion can become problematic
Authors: Cibich Mikaela , Woodyatt Lydia , Wenzel Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractShame research has been divided. At present, the shame literature can be broadly dichotomized into whether it argues for a problematic or functional view of shame. Shame is commonly linked, for example, to aggression, poor health and wellbeing, and psychopathologies such as post‐traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and depression. Some researchers, however, suggest that shame is functional as it serves the purpose of gauging when one's social self is threatened, because of a loss of status or social bonds. To resolve this conflict, shame has been redefined in a variety of ways in an attempt to distinguish functional shame from problematic shame. However, approaches that ever more narrowly define the construct can lead to a defining away of the complexity of the lived experience of shame. In this review, we integrate the conflicting research on shame, examining how shame, as an emotion that evolved for a functional purpose, can become problematic. Avoidance in response to shame can move shame from being a functional social gauge that motivates repair to a problematic emotion, and avoidance is more likely to the extent that shame seems irreparable. Therefore, understanding what factors impact on perceived reparability will be important for understanding how shame can become problematic. How we see ourselves, others, our actions, and the costs of repair are all likely to impact on whether or not shame becomes functional or problematic.
Distribution of HLA‐G extended haplotypes and one HLA‐E polymorphism in a large‐scale study of mother–child dyads with and without severe preeclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: Nilsson L. L. , Djurisic S. , Andersen A.‐M. N. , Melbye M. , Bjerre D. , Ferrero‐Miliani L. , Hackmon R. , Geraghty D. E. , Hviid T. V. F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe etiological pathways and pathogenesis of preeclampsia have rendered difficult to disentangle. Accumulating evidence points toward a maladapted maternal immune system, which may involve aberrant placental expression of immunomodulatory human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib molecules during pregnancy. Several studies have shown aberrant or reduced expression of HLA‐G in the placenta and in maternal blood in cases of preeclampsia compared with controls. Unlike classical HLA class Ia loci, the nonclassical HLA‐G has limited polymorphic variants. Most nucleotide variations are clustered in the 5′‐upstream regulatory region (5′URR) and 3′‐untranslated regulatory region (3′UTR) of HLA‐G and reflect a stringent expressional control. Based on genotyping and full gene sequencing of HLA‐G in a large number of cases and controls (n > 900), the present study, which to our knowledge is the largest and most comprehensive performed, investigated the association between the HLA‐G 14‐bp ins/del (rs66554220) and HLA‐E polymorphisms in mother and newborn dyads from pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia/eclampsia and from uncomplicated pregnancies. Furthermore, results from extended HLA‐G haplotyping in the newborns are presented in order to assess whether a combined contribution of nucleotide variations spanning the 5′URR, coding region, and 3′UTR of HLA‐G describes the genetic association with severe preeclampsia more closely. In contrast to earlier findings, the HLA‐G 14‐bp ins/del polymorphism was not associated with severe preeclampsia. Furthermore, the polymorphism (rs1264457) defining the two nonsynonymous HLA‐E alleles, HLA‐E*01:01:xx:xx and HLA‐E*01:03:xx:xx, were not associated with severe preeclampsia. Finally, no specific HLA‐G haplotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of developing severe preeclampsia/eclampsia.
TMV induces RNA decay pathways to modulate gene silencing and disease symptoms
Authors: Conti Gabriela , Zavallo Diego , Venturuzzi Andrea L. , Rodriguez Maria C. , Crespi Martin , Asurmendi Sebastian 
Published: September 2016

SummaryRNA decay pathways comprise a combination of RNA degradation mechanisms that are implicated in gene expression, development and defense responses in eukaryotes. These mechanisms are known as the RNA Quality Control or RQC pathways. In plants, another important RNA degradation mechanism is the post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mediated by small RNAs (siRNAs). Notably, the RQC pathway antagonizes PTGS by preventing the entry of dysfunctional mRNAs into the silencing pathway to avoid global degradation of mRNA by siRNAs. Viral transcripts must evade RNA degrading mechanisms, thus viruses encode PTGS suppressor proteins to counteract viral RNA silencing. Here, we demonstrate that tobacco plants infected with TMV and transgenic lines expressing TMV MP and CP (coat protein) proteins (which are not linked to the suppression of silencing) display increased transcriptional levels of RNA decay genes. These plants also showed accumulation of cytoplasmic RNA granules with altered structure, increased rates of RNA decay for transgenes and defective transgene PTGS amplification. Furthermore, knockdown of RRP41 or RRP43 RNA exosome components led to lower levels of TMV accumulation with milder symptoms after infection, several developmental defects and miRNA deregulation. Thus, we propose that TMV proteins induce RNA decay pathways (in particular exosome components) to impair antiviral PTGS and this defensive mechanism would constitute an additional counter‐defense strategy that lead to disease symptoms.
Predicting future blood supply and demand in Japan with a Markov model: application to the sex‐ and age‐specific probability of blood donation
Authors: Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko , Ohisa Masayuki , Sugiyama Aya , Nishida Kazuo , Inoue Shingo , Shirasaka Takuma 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDSimulation studies were performed to predict the future supply and demand for blood donations, and future shortfalls.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing data from all donations in 2006 to 2009, the Markov model was applied to estimate future blood donations until 2050. Based on data concerning the actual use of blood products, the number of blood products needed was estimated based on future population projections.RESULTSWe estimated that the number of blood donations increased from 5,020,000 in 2008 to 5,260,000 in 2012, but will decrease to 4,770,000 units by 2025. In particular, the number of donors in their 20s and 30s decreased every year. Moreover, the number of donations required to supply blood products would have been increased from 5,390,000 in 2012 to 5,660,000 units in 2025. Thus, the estimated shortfall of blood donations is expected to increase each year from 140,000 in 2012 to 890,000 in 2025 and then more than double to 1,670,000 in 2050.CONCLUSIONIf the current blood donation behaviors continue, a shortfall of blood availability is likely to occur in Japan. Insufficient blood donations are mainly related to a projected reduction in population of 20 to 30 year olds, a significant group of donors. Thus, it is crucial to recruit and retain new donors and to develop recommendations for proper use of blood products to minimize unnecessary use. This study provides useful information that can be used by governments to help ensure the adequacy of the blood supply through promoting donations and conserving blood resources.
Anti‐Jka that are detected by solid‐phase red blood cell adherence but missed by gel testing can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions
Authors: Kay Brian , Poisson Jessica L. , Tuma Christopher W. , Shulman Ira A. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDKidd blood group antibodies are notorious for transient detection and hemolytic transfusion reactions. This report compares the rate of detection of anti‐Jka when using gel column agglutination versus solid‐phase red blood cell adherence (SPRCA) testing and documents the occurrence of hemolytic transfusion reactions in 17 recently transfused patients who developed anti‐Jka that were detectable by SPRCA but were undetectable by gel.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBefore April 20, 2011, the laboratory used gel column agglutination as the primary method for antibody screening and identification. From April 20, 2011, to August 12, 2013, SPRCA was adopted as the primary method for antibody screen with gel remaining the primary method for identification. SPRCA identification was also performed if sufficient sample was available. Medical records were reviewed for evidence of hemolytic reaction in patients whose anti‐Jka was negative or inconclusive by gel, but clearly identifiable by SPRCA at the time the anti‐Jka was first identified.RESULTSA total of 105 patients were discovered with anti‐Jka from 88,478 SPRCA screens performed. In 32 patients, anti‐Jka was initially discovered by SPRCA testing and concurrent gel testing was completely negative (n = 26) or inconclusive (n = 6). Seventeen of the 32 patients were recently transfused and of these six met criteria for delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR), three had possible DHTRs, and eight had delayed serologic reactions; 13 of the transfused patients received Jk(a–) RBCs to avoid potential hemolysis.CONCLUSIONSPRCA testing significantly increased the discovery of clinically significant anti‐Jka and facilitated the earlier use of Jk(a–) RBCs to avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions.
How transplant centers deal with the dextran shortage: recommendations for comparing alternatives
Authors: Brady Colleen , Armitage Sue , Freed Brian , Duffy Merry , Gass Anne , Spellman Stephen , Kurtzberg Joanne , Regan Donna 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDIn the United States, dextran 40 in 0.9% NaCl is the preferred reagent for the thawing and preparation of cord blood units for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The recurring nationwide shortage of this reagent could have implications that extend to the avoidance of cord blood for transplantation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTo address the shortage, the National Marrow Donor Program and its Cord Blood Advisory Group sought to identify available alternative reagents or manufacturers. A sample of transplant centers (TCs) were surveyed to determine their process to compare these alternatives. The TCs were then asked to share their comparability protocols for review.RESULTSThe 12 TCs that responded to the survey studied various types of alternative reagents and manufacturers of the standard dextran 40 in 0.9% NaCl. Four TCs submitted their protocols from which a model comparability protocol was created for centers who need assistance.CONCLUSIONWhether comparing dextran 40 in 0.9% NaCl to that of a different manufacturer or a different reagent, the results of the comparability studies submitted by the TCs indicated equivalency. During a shortage, the model comparability study protocol can be used as a reference to establish an alternative to dextran 40 in 0.9% NaCl.
Characteristics of effluents from healthcare waste treatment with alkaline hydrolysis
Authors: Pinho Sílvia C. , Nunes Olga C. , Almeida Manuel F. , Rodrigues Carmen S. D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough alkaline hydrolysis emerges as an alternative process to treat healthcare waste (HCW), information about its emissions is scarce, namely as regards effluents production. This work aims to characterize the effluents from alkaline hydrolysis tests with samples of components usually present in HCW, under a temperature of 110°C and with 1 M NaOH aqueous solutions. Some of the regulatory parameters for discharging effluents were determined; also, tests for assessing aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of those effluents were carried out. The effluents showed values lower than threshold values for almost all the parameters except pH, total nitrogen, TOC, COD and BOD5. Although with high organic load, the effluents from discarded medical components (DMC) and animal tissues (AT) showed a percentage of aerobic biodegradation of 50.5 and 52.9%, respectively. The anaerobic biodegradability obtained for the effluents from DMC were 22.3 and 42.2% for those with AT.