bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and prevalence of childhood‐onset Type 1 diabetes in Japan: the T1D study
Authors: Onda Y. , Sugihara S. , Ogata T. , Yokoya S. , Yokoyama T. , Tajima N. ,   the Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Study Group
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsA majority of children with Type 1 diabetes in Japan are registered with the government‐subsidized Specified Pediatric Chronic Disease Treatment Research Projects (SPCDTRP). In this study, the incidence and prevalence of childhood‐onset (< 15 years) Type 1 diabetes in Japan were estimated by drawing on SPCDTRP data.MethodsData available for 2005–2012 from the SPCDTRP and Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications were used to estimate the incidence of Type 1 diabetes for 2005–2010, adjusted to cover those registered within 3 years of disease onset and stratified by sex, age at onset and period of onset.ResultsThe incidence of Type 1 diabetes for 2005–2010 was 2.25/100,000 persons [95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 2.14–2.36] (boys: 1.91, 95% CI, 1.83–1.98; girls: 2.52, 95% CI, 2.34–2.69), with that for the age brackets 0–4, 5–9 and 10–14 years being 1.48 (95% CI, 1.29–1.66), 2.27 (95% CI, 2.08–2.47) and 3.00 (95% CI, 2.74–3.25), respectively. The onset of disease was shown to peak at age 13 among boys (3.28, 95% CI, 3.02–3.55) and at age 10 among girls (3.28, 95% CI, 3.02–3.55). The peak periods of disease onset were April/May and December. The number of children aged < 15 years with Type 1 diabetes for 2005–2012 was estimated to be 2326 (95% CI, 2202–2450) with the prevalence estimated as 13.53/100,000 persons (95% CI, 12.63–14.43).ConclusionsStudy findings demonstrated no increase in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes, although suggesting, in agreement with earlier reports, that the onset of disease peaks in adolescence with a female predominance. In addition, the incidence of childhood‐onset diabetes exhibited an annual bimodal pattern in this study.
Pareto Models, Top Incomes and Recent Trends in UK Income Inequality
Authors: Jenkins Stephen P. 
Published: December 2016

I determine UK income inequality levels and trends by combining inequality estimates from tax return data (for the ‘rich’) and household survey data (for the ‘non‐rich’), taking advantage of the better coverage of top incomes in tax return data (which I demonstrate) and creating income variables in the survey data with the same definitions as in the tax data to enhance comparability. For top income recipients, I estimate inequality and mean income by fitting Pareto models to the tax data, examining specification issues in depth, notably whether to use Pareto I or Pareto II (generalized Pareto) models, and the choice of income threshold above which the Pareto models apply. The preferred specification is a Pareto II model with a threshold set at the 99th or 95th percentile (depending on year). Conclusions about aggregate UK inequality trends since the mid‐1990s are robust to the way in which tax data are employed. The Gini coefficient for individual gross income rose by around 7% or 8% between 1996/7 and 2007/8, with most of the increase occurring after 2003/4. The corresponding estimate based wholly on the survey data is around −5%.
Shock associated with endothelial dysfunction in omental microvessels
Authors: Somberg Lewis B. , Gutterman David D. , Miura Hiroto , Nirula Raminder , Hatoum Ossama A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundImpaired microvascular function leads to a poor outcome in a variety of medical conditions. Our aim was to determine whether vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (Ach) are impaired in human omental arterioles from patients with severe trauma.Materials and methodsPatients with massive blood loss and severe shock requiring damage control procedures were included. Tissues were collected at the first (FEL) and the second explorative laparotomy (SEL). Control tissues were collected from nontrauma patients. Freshly isolated 50–200‐μm‐diameter omental arterioles were analysed using videomicroscopy. Dihydroethidine and DCF‐DA fluorescence were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. MnTBAP was used to determine the contribution of excess vascular superoxide contribution to endothelial dysfunction.ResultsAfter constriction (30–50%) with endothelin‐1, dilation to graded doses of Ach (10−9–10−4 M) was greater in control vessels compared to FEL and SEL (max dilation at 10−4 M (MD) = 25 ± 3%, n = 8; and 59 ± 8%, n = 8, respectively, and controls MD = 93 ± 10%, n = 6, P < 0·05). Fluorescence imaging of ROS production showed significant increases in superoxide (225·46 ± 12·86; 215·77 ± 10·75 vs. 133·75 ± 7·26, arbitrary units; P < 0·05) and peroxide‐related ROS (240·8 ± 20·42; 234·59 ± 28·86, vs. 150·78 ± 15·65, arbitrary units; P < 0·05), in FEL and SEL microvessels compared to control, respectively. FEL pretreated with MnTBAP demonstrated significant improvement in Ach‐induced vasodilation (25·5 ± 3·0% vs. 79·5 ± 8·2%; P < 0·05).ConclusionsSevere shock associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction enhances production of ROS in human omental tissues. The altered flow regulation may contribute to a mismatch between local blood supply and demand, exacerbating abnormal tissue perfusion and function.
Removal of a large number of foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region with navigation system
Authors: Yang Chan‐Yuan , Yang Rong‐Tao , He San‐Gang , Li Zhi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe removal of a large number of foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region can be complicated and challenging. In this case report, a specific strategy for removal of multiple foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region is presented. A girl diagnosed with 24 foreign bodies in her left lower face and neck underwent the surgery using a computer‐assisted navigation system. A specific strategy was used in this case, which included from one sub‐region to the next and from the easiest to the most difficult. This strategy is recommended for the removal of a large number of foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region with a navigation system.
Impact of six lignocellulosic biochars on C and N dynamics of two contrasting soils
Authors: Fidel Rivka B. , Laird David A. , Parkin Timothy B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBoth soil and biochar properties are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from biochar‐amended soils, but poor understanding of underlying mechanisms challenges prediction and modeling. Here, we examine the effect of six lignocellulosic biochars produced from the pyrolysis of corn stover and wood feedstocks on CO2 and N2O emissions from soils collected from two bioenergy cropping systems. Effects of biochar on total accumulated CO2‐C emissions were minimal (<0.45 mg C g−1 soil; <10% of biochar C), consistent with mineralization and hydrolysis of small labile organic and inorganic C fractions in the studied biochars. Comparisons of soil CO2 emissions with emissions from microbially inoculated quartz–biochar mixtures (‘quartz controls’) provide evidence of soil and biochar‐specific negative priming. Five of six biochar amendments suppressed N2O emissions from at least one soil, and the magnitude of N2O emissions suppression varied with respect to both biochar and soil types. Biochar amendments consistently decreased final soil NO3− concentrations, while contrasting effects on pH, NH4+, and DOC highlighted the potential for formation of anaerobic microsites in biochar‐amended soils and consequential shifts in the soil redox environment. Thus, results implicated both reduced substrate availability and redox shifts as potential factors contributing to N2O emission suppression. More research is needed to confirm these mechanisms, but overall our results suggest that soil biochar amendments commonly reduce N2O emissions and have little effect on CO2 emissions beyond the mineralization and/or hydrolysis of labile biochar C fractions. Considering the large C credit for the biochar C, we conclude that biochar amendments can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance the climate change mitigation potential of bioenergy cropping systems.
Spatial evaluation of switchgrass productivity under historical and future climate scenarios in Michigan
Authors: Liu Lin , Basso Bruno 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum) productivity on marginal and fertile lands has not been thoroughly evaluated in a systematic manner that includes soil–crop–weather–management interactions and to quantify the risk of failure or success in growing the crop. We used the Systems Approach to Land Use Sustainability (SALUS) model to identify areas with low risk of failing to having more than 8000 kg ha−1 yr−1 switchgrass aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) under rainfed and unfertilized conditions. In addition, we diagnosed constraining factors for switchgrass growth, and tested the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on plant productivity across Michigan for 30 years under three climate scenarios (baseline climate in 1981–2010, future climate with emissions using RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0). We determined that <16% of land in Michigan may have at least 8 Mg ha−1 yr−1 ANPP under rainfed and unfertilized management with a low risk of failure. Of the productive low‐risk land, about 25% was marginal land, with more than 80% of which was affected by limited water availability due to low soil water‐holding capacity and shallow depth. About 80% of the marginal land was N limited under baseline conditions, but that percentage decreased to 58.5% and 42.1% under RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0 climate scenarios, respectively, partly due to shorter growing season, smaller plants and less N demand. We also found that the majority of Michigan's land could have high switchgrass ANPP and low risk of failure with no more than 60 kgN ha−1 fertilizer input. We believe that the methodology used in this study works at different spatial scales, as well as for other biofuel crops.
A Case Report About Cluster‐Tic Syndrome Due to Venous Compression of the Trigeminal Nerve
Authors: de Coo Ilse , van Dijk J. Marc C. , Metzemaekers Jan D.M. , Haan Joost 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe term “cluster‐tic syndrome” is used for the rare ipsilateral co‐occurrence of attacks of cluster headache and trigeminal neuralgia. Medical treatment should combine treatment for cluster headache and trigeminal neuralgia, but is very often unsatisfactory.CaseHere, we describe a 41‐year‐old woman diagnosed with cluster‐tic syndrome who underwent microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve, primarily aimed at the “trigeminal neuralgia” part of her pain syndrome. After venous decompression of the trigeminal nerve both a decrease in trigeminal neuralgia and cluster headache attacks was seen. However, the headache did not disappear completely. Furthermore, she reported a decrease in pain intensity of the remaining cluster headache attacks.DiscussionThis case description suggests that venous vascular decompression in cluster‐tic syndrome can be remarkably effective, both for trigeminal neuralgia and cluster headache.
Effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on liver function tests in Japanese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Seko Yuya , Sumida Yoshio , Tanaka Saiyu , Mori Kojiroh , Taketani Hiroyoshi , Ishiba Hiroshi , Hara Tasuku , Okajima Akira , Umemura Atsushi , Nishikawa Taichiro , Yamaguchi Kanji , Moriguchi Michihisa , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Yasui Kohichiroh , Imai Shunsuke , Shimada Keiji , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: December 2016

AimNo pharmacological therapies have been established for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2I) was developed for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of SGLT2I in NAFLD patients with T2DM.MethodsTwenty‐four biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients with T2DM who received SGLT2I for 24 weeks were retrospectively enrolled as the SGLT2I group. Another 21 NAFLD patients with T2DM treated with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP4I) for 24 weeks were selected as the DPP4I group. Clinical data were evaluated at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Seventeen patients in the SGLT2I group were evaluated by body composition before and after therapy.ResultsNot only body weight and hemoglobin A1c but also transaminase activities were significantly decreased in the SGLT2I group. Reductions in transaminase activities were similar between SGLT2I and DPP4I groups. In the SGLT2I group, body mass index and fasting plasma glucose also decreased after the treatment.ConclusionSodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor can be a novel promising agent for the treatment for NAFLD patients with T2DM. Prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this efficacy of SGLT2I on NAFLD with T2DM.
Spleen Australia guidelines for the prevention of sepsis in patients with asplenia and hyposplenism in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Kanhutu Kudzai , Jones Penelope , Cheng Allen C. , Grannell Louise , Best Emma , Spelman Denis 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPeople with asplenia/hyposplenism are at increased risk of fulminant sepsis, which carries a high mortality rate. A range of preventive measures is recommended although there is ongoing evidence that knowledge of and adherence to these strategies is poor. There have been significant changes in recommended vaccinations since the previously published recommendations in 2008. We provide current recommendations to help Australian and New Zealand clinicians in the prevention of sepsis in patients with asplenia and hyposplenia. The guideline includes Australian epidemiological data, preferred diagnostic techniques and recommendations for optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination protocols.
Moving beyond ‘not enough time’: factors influencing paediatric clinicians’ participation in research
Authors: Paget Simon P. , Caldwell Patrina H. Y. , Murphy Joyce , Lilischkis Kimberley J. , Morrow Angie M. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundIncreasing the amount of clinical research that occurs in healthcare settings has been identified as an important mechanism to improve healthcare outcomes. While clinicians are key persons in achieving this aim, research participation amongst clinicians is generally limited.AimsTo identify the factors (barriers and facilitators) influencing clinician research participation and determine how professional culture impacts on these factors.MethodsForty clinicians working at a tertiary children's hospital participated in six discipline‐specific focus groups. Thematic analysis was performed using an inductive process based in grounded theory.ResultsFour major themes (cultural factors, personal factors, resources and solutions) and 16 subthemes were identified. Participants described how the current health system discourages clinician research. They reported that their research participation requires personal sacrifice of their own time; income or career progression. Research participation was seen to compete with other priorities in clinicians’ workload and is disadvantaged because of the primacy of clinical work and the lack of immediate tangible benefit from research projects. Solutions suggested by our participants included better alignment of clinical and research goals, improved availability of research mentors and collaborative opportunities. Nurses and allied health professionals reported a changing professional culture that values research. Only doctors identified research participation to be important for career progression.ConclusionsFor clinician research participation to flourish, significant changes in healthcare structure and priorities will be required that result in research becoming more embedded in healthcare delivery. Initiatives to improve collaboration between clinicians and universities may also support these aims.
An extended TODIM approach with intuitionistic linguistic numbers
Authors: Yu Su‐min , Wang Jing , Wang Jian‐qiang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn many practical problems, multiple alternatives are ranked with respect to related criteria, and the criteria's weights are usually unknown. In order to solve this kind of multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem, this paper proposes an interactive MCDM approach based on an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multicriteria decision‐making (TODIM) method and nonlinear programming (NLP) with intuitionistic linguistic numbers (ILNs). First, by comparing the existing operations and comparison methods for ILNs, new operations and a new comparison method are defined based on linguistic scale functions to obtain rational results. Second, considering their linguistic terms, membership degrees, and nonmembership degrees as a whole, the generalized distance between ILNs is defined with an adjustable parameter. Third, the total ranking of alternatives is obtained using the proposed NLP‐based TODIM approach based on the generalized ILN distance. Finally, an example of selecting hotels from a tourism website is presented to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach. A comparison with existing methods is also conducted and analyzed.
Development and Testing of a Screener for Intelligence and Learning Disabilities (SCIL)
Authors: Nijman Henk , Kaal Hendrien , van Scheppingen Lesley , Moonen Xavier 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMany clients in contact with social services and (mental) health care have mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID). Yet, administering a full intelligence test may not be feasible.MethodIn 318 adults and 305 juveniles, the scores on 14 questions that comprise the screener for intelligence and learning disabilities (SCIL) were analysed in relation to the IQs of the participants.ResultsThe SCIL score had good predictive validity for detecting MBID in adults (AUC = 0.93). A cut‐off score of 19 or lower is recommended to detect (a suspicion of) MBID. Test–retest reliability of the SCIL was 0.92. In juveniles, AUC values were 0.91 for 16‐ to 17‐year‐olds, 0.90 for 14‐ to 15‐year‐olds and 0.83 for 12‐ to 13‐year‐olds.ConclusionsThe SCIL appears to be a time‐efficient tool for screening for MBID in adults (18+) and juveniles of 14 years or older.
Left Atrial Appendage Closure With the New Occlutech® Device: First in Man Experience and Neurological Outcome
Authors: BELLMANN BARBARA , SCHNUPP STEFFEN , KÜHNLEIN PETER , JAVERNIK CHRISTIAN , KLEINECKE CAROLINE , RILLIG ANDREAS , LANDMESSER ULF , BRACHMANN JOHANNES , PARK JAI‐WUN 
Published: December 2016

Left Atrial Appendage Closure With the New Occlutech® DeviceAimsPercutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is a valuable treatment option for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and a HAS‐BLED‐Score ≥3. Determinants of procedural safety events and neurological outcome of the patients with the Occlutech device (OD) are not established yet.Methods and ResultsBetween 2012 and 2016, 30 patients underwent LAAC using the OD. This is a prospective study. Neurological examination and transesophageal echocardiography was performed directly before and after the procedure and after 1, 3, and 12 months. The OC was successfully implanted in 28 of the 30 enrolled patients (93%). Two patients presented a hemodynamic relevant pericardial effusion. A leak <3 mm could be documented direct after implantation in 4 patients. After 3 months, there were only 2/4 patients with persistent LAA leakage with a maximum leakage of <3 mm. The correct position of the device was confirmed in 27/28 patients during 3‐month follow‐up. In 2 patients, there was a thrombus at the OC. In 12 patients, a transoesophageal echocardiography was performed after 12 months. All patients (12/12) showed a correct placement of the device. None of the patients developed a clinically apparent stroke or died during follow‐up.ConclusionIn this uncontrolled, nonrandomized study, acute and 3‐month follow‐up success of LAAC using OD was high. No patient showed significant neurological deficits.
Complication Rates of Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Aged ≥75 Years versus <75 Years—Results from the German Ablation Registry
Authors: MOSER JULIA M. , WILLEMS STEPHAN , ANDRESEN DIETRICH , BRACHMANN JOHANNES , ECKARDT LARS , HOFFMANN ELLEN , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ , LEWALTER THORSTEN , SCHUMACHER BURGHARD , SPITZER STEFAN G. , HOCHADEL MATTHIAS , SENGES JOCHEN , HOFFMANN BORIS A. 
Published: December 2016

Age‐Related Complication Rates in AF AblationIntroductionDespite a rising demand for catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) in an elderly population, complication and success rates are not fully elucidated. We sought to compare complication rates of CA of AF in patients ≥75 versus <75 years of age.Methods and ResultsPatients with symptomatic, drug‐refractory AF were prospectively enrolled from January 2007 to 2010 in this multicenter study. A total of 4,449 patients, group 1 ≥75 years and group 2 <75 years (n = 227, age 77.3 ± 2.2 vs. 59.7 ± 9.8 years, 52.0% vs. n = 4,222, 68.9% male, CHA2DS2‐VASc‐Score 3.7 ± 1.0 vs. 1.7 ± 1.2; P < 0.001, respectively), with paroxysmal AF (59.9% in group 1 vs. 63.3% in group 2, P = 0.30), and persistent AF (34.8% in group 1 vs. 29.4% in group 2, P = 0.082) underwent CA of AF. A centralized follow‐up was obtained in 4,347 patients by the Institute for Myocardial Infarction Research (IHF, Ludwigshafen). There was a significant difference between periprocedural stroke rates in the elderly versus the younger cohort (1.3% vs. 0.1%, P < 0.01). In‐hospital severe nonfatal complications did not differ significantly between the groups (4.4% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.14). Other procedure‐related, in‐hospital complications were not significantly different. After a mean follow‐up of 472 ± 99 days (group 1) and 477 ± 94 days (group 2), no differences were found in complication rates.ConclusionCA of AF in patients ≥75 years is associated with higher in‐hospital stroke rates. In a 1‐year follow‐up, complication rates do not differ between the groups.
Integrated biomarker profiling of smokers with periodontitis
Authors: Nagarajan Radhakrishnan , Al‐Sabbagh Mohanad , Dawson Dolph , Ebersole Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of precision medicine, understanding patient‐specific variation is an important step in developing targeted and patient‐tailored treatment regimens for periodontitis. While several studies have successfully demonstrated the usefulness of molecular expression profiling in conjunction with single classifier systems in discerning distinct disease groups, the majority of these studies do not provide sufficient insights into potential variations within the disease groups.AimThe goal of this study was to discern biological response profiles of periodontitis and non‐periodontitis smoking subjects using an informed panel of biomarkers across multiple scales (salivary, oral microbiome, pathogens and other markers).Material & MethodsThe investigation uses a novel ensemble classification approach (SVA‐SVM) to differentiate disease groups and patient‐specific biological variation of systemic inflammatory mediators and IgG antibody to oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria within the groups.ResultsSensitivity of SVA‐SVM is shown to be considerably higher than several traditional independent classifier systems. Patient‐specific networks generated from SVA‐SVM are also shown to reveal crosstalk between biomarkers in discerning the disease groups. High‐confidence classifiers in these network abstractions comprised of host responses to microbial infection elucidated their critical role in discerning the disease groups.ConclusionsHost adaptive immune responses to the oral colonization/infection contribute significantly to creating the profiles specific for periodontitis patients with potential to assist in defining patient‐specific risk profiles and tailored interventions.