bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention: A review of findings and current directions
Authors: Johnson Sterling C. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Clark Lindsay R. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Berman Sara E. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Engelman Corinne D. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Hogan Kirk J. , Asthana Sanjay , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Hermann Bruce P. , Sager Mark A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention is a longitudinal observational cohort study enriched with persons with a parental history (PH) of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Since late 2001, Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention has enrolled 1561 people at a mean baseline age of 54 years. Participants return for a second visit 4 years after baseline, and subsequent visits occur every 2 years. Eighty‐one percent (1270) of participants remain active in the study at a current mean age of 64 and 9 years of follow‐up. Serially assessed cognition, self‐reported medical and lifestyle histories (e.g., diet, physical and cognitive activity, sleep, and mood), laboratory tests, genetics, and linked studies comprising molecular imaging, structural imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid data have yielded many important findings. In this cohort, PH of probable AD is associated with 46% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 positivity, more than twice the rate of 22% among persons without PH. Subclinical or worse cognitive decline relative to internal normative data has been observed in 17.6% of the cohort. Twenty‐eight percent exhibit amyloid and/or tau positivity. Biomarker elevations, but not APOE or PH status, are associated with cognitive decline. Salutary health and lifestyle factors are associated with better cognition and brain structure and lower AD pathophysiologic burden. Of paramount importance is establishing the amyloid and tau AD endophenotypes to which cognitive outcomes can be linked. Such data will provide new knowledge on the early temporal course of AD pathophysiology and inform the design of secondary prevention clinical trials.
Caprine neonatal spinal ultrasonography
Authors: Hassan Elham A. , Ali Khaled M. , Torad Faisal A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSpinal ultrasonography is a safe, rapid, and non‐invasive diagnostic tool that allows visualization of the spinal cord and its surrounding meninges. The non‐ossified spinous processes were used as an acoustic window for imaging the spinal cord in human and canine neonates. No available literatures have been published describing the ultrasonographic appearance of caprine neonatal spinal cord. The present study was performed on 20 one day‐old goat kids. Sagittal and transverse ultrasound scans were obtained using 8 MHz linear transducer. The spinal cord appeared as a tubular anechoic to hypoechoic structure within the spinal canal. The cord was surrounded by hyperechoic dura and pia matter as well as the anechoic subarachnoid space in‐between. The mean sagittal diameter of the cord at the cervical region was (4.6 ± 0.3 mm), the thoracic region (3.9 ± 0.2 mm), and the lumbar region (4.3 ± 1.1 mm). The sagittal diameter of the cord at the cervical and lumbar regions was significantly wider than the diameter at the thoracic region. Identification of the normal ultrasonographic appearance of caprine neonatal spinal cord may represent the basis for diagnosing congenital spinal cord lesions.
Genders and Individual Treatment Progress in (Non-)Binary Trans Individuals
Authors: Koehler Andreas , Eyssel Jana , Nieder Timo O. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundHealth care for transgender and transsexual (ie, trans) individuals has long been based on a binary understanding of gender (ie, feminine vs masculine). However, the existence of non-binary or genderqueer (NBGQ) genders is increasingly recognized by academic and/or health care professionals.AimTo gain insight into the individual health care experiences and needs of binary and NBGQ individuals to improve their health care outcomes and experience.MethodsData were collected using an online survey study on experiences with trans health care. The non-clinical sample consisted of 415 trans individuals. An individual treatment progress score was calculated to report and compare participants' individual progress toward treatment completion and consider the individual treatment needs and definitions of completed treatment (ie, amount and types of different treatments needed to complete one's medical transition).OutcomesMain outcome measures were (i) general and trans-related sociodemographic data and (ii) received and planned treatments.ResultsParticipants reported binary (81.7%) and different NBGQ (18.3%) genders. The 2 groups differed significantly in basic demographic data (eg, mean age; P &lt; .05). NBGQ participants reported significantly fewer received treatments compared with binary participants. For planned treatments, binary participants reported more treatments related to primary sex characteristics only. Binary participants required more treatments for a completed treatment than NBGQ participants (6.0 vs 4.0). There were no differences with regard to individual treatment progress score.Clinical TranslationBecause traditional binary-focused treatment practice could have hindered NBGQ individuals from accessing trans health care or sufficiently articulating their needs, health care professionals are encouraged to provide a holistic and individual treatment approach and acknowledge genders outside the gender binary to address their needs appropriately.Strengths and LimitationsBecause the study was made inclusive for non-patients and individuals who decided against trans health care, bias from a participant-patient double role was prevented, which is the reason the results are likely to have a higher level of validity than a clinical sample. However, because of the anonymity of an online survey, it remains unclear whether NBGQ individuals live according to their gender identity in their everyday life.ConclusionThe study highlights the broad spectrum of genders in trans-individuals and associated health care needs and provides a novel approach to measure individual treatment progress in trans individuals.
Dental implant navigation system guide the surgery future
Authors: Sun Ting‐Mao , Lan Ting‐Hsun , Pan Chin‐Yun , Lee Huey‐Er 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNo study has investigated the effect of learning curves on the accuracy of dental implant navigation systems. This study evaluated the accuracy of the dental implant navigation system and established the learning curve according to operation site and operating time. Each dental model was used for drilling 3 missing tooth positions, and a patient tracking module was created. The same dentist performed the drilling test for 5 sets of dental models. CT back scanning was performed on the dental models. Customized implants based on the drilled holes were inserted. The relative error between the preoperative planning and actual implant was calculated. Using the dental navigation system could help dentists position implants more accurately. Increasing the frequency with which a dentist used the navigation system resulted in shorter operations. Longitudinal and angular deviation were significantly (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0164). We found that the same level of accuracy could be obtained for the maxilla and mandible implants. The Student's t test demonstrated that the longitudinal error, but not the total or angular error, differed significantly (P = 0.0012). The learning curve for the dental implant navigation system exhibited a learning plateau after 5 tests. The current system exhibited similar accuracy for both maxillary and mandibular dental implants in different dental locations. The one‐way ANOVA revealed that the total, longitudinal, and angular errors differed significantly (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0153). In addition, it possesses high potential for future use in dental implant surgery and its learning curve can serve as a reference for dentists.
Model-Driven Treatment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Positive Effects of the Speech Motor Learning Approach
Authors: van der Merwe Anita , Steyn Mollie 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe aim of the study was to propose the speech motor learning approach (Van der Merwe, 2011) as a treatment for childhood apraxia of speech and to determine if it will effect positive change in the ability of a 33-month-old child to produce untreated nonwords and words containing treated age-appropriate consonants (Set 1 sounds), untreated age-appropriate consonants (Set 2), and untreated age-inappropriate consonants (Set 3) and also to determine the nature and number of segmental speech errors before and after treatment.MethodAn A-B design with multiple target measures and follow-up was implemented to assess the effects of treatment of Set 1. Effect sizes for whole-word accuracy were determined, and two criterion lines were generated following the conservative dual criterion method. Speech errors were judged perceptually.ResultsConservative dual criterion analyses indicated no reliable treatment effect due to rising baseline scores. Effect sizes showed significant improvement in whole-word accuracy of untreated nonwords and real words containing age-appropriate treated sounds and real words containing age-appropriate untreated sounds. The number of errors for all three sound sets declined. Sound distortion was the most frequent error type.ConclusionsPreliminary evidence suggests potentially positive treatment effects. However, rising baseline scores limit causal inference. Replication with more children of different ages is necessary.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5596708
Effects of Aging on Interference During Pronoun Resolution
Authors: Reifegerste Jana , Felser Claudia 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of healthy aging on the ability to suppress grammatically illicit antecedents during pronoun resolution.MethodIn 2 reading-based acceptability–judgment experiments, younger and older speakers of German read sentences containing an object pronoun and 2 potential antecedent noun phrases, only 1 of which was a grammatically licit antecedent. Using a gender-mismatch paradigm, we compared to what extent younger and older speakers were sensitive to feature (mis)matches between the pronoun and either of the 2 antecedents. All participants were fluent readers of German and had finished at least secondary education.ResultsExperiment 1 used a self-paced reading paradigm. Older speakers showed greater sensitivity than younger ones to mismatching licit antecedents, but no group showed any evidence of interference from an intervening competitor antecedent. In Experiment 2, we increased the processing demand by using paced word-by-word stimulus presentation and longer sentences. Here, older participants showed reduced sensitivity, in comparison with younger people, to mismatching licit antecedents. Unlike our younger participants, they showed signs of distraction by the presence of a linearly closer but grammatically inappropriate antecedent when no appropriate antecedent was available.ConclusionTogether, our results show that older (but not younger) speakers' ability to compute intrasentential referential dependencies is vulnerable to increased task demands. We briefly discuss a potential role for executive functions, such as interference control.
Collinearity and Sample Coverage Issues in the Objective Measurement of Vocal Quality: The Case of Roughness and Breathiness
Authors: Ferrer Carlos A. , Haderlein Tino , Maryn Youri , de Bodt Marc S. , Nöth Elmar 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The aim of the study was to address the reported inconsistencies in the relationship between objective acoustic measures and perceptual ratings of vocal quality.

Method

This tutorial moves away from the more widely examined problems related to obtaining the perceptual ratings and the acoustic measures and centers in less scrutinized issues regarding the procedure to establish the correspondence. Expressions for the most common measure of association between perceptual and acoustic measures (Pearson's
r
) are derived using a multiple linear regression model. The particular case where the multiple linear regression involves only roughness and breathiness is discussed to illustrate the issues.

Results
Most problems reported regarding inconsistent findings in the relationship between given acoustic measures and particular perceptual ratings could be linked to sample properties not directly related to the actual relationship. The influential sample properties are the collinearity between the regressors in the multiple linear regression and their relative variances. Recommendations on how to rule out this possible cause of inconsistency are given, varying in scope from data collection, reporting, manipulation, and results interpretation.

Conclusions
The problems described can be extended to more general cases than the exemplified roughness and breathiness sample's coverage. Ruling out this possible cause of inconsistency would increase the validity of the results reported.
Synthesis of visible and near‐infrared light responsed Sn1−x Bix S2 for efficient degradation of high concentration rhodamine B
Authors: Li Hui , Wu Xiang‐Feng , Yu Mai‐Tuo , Wang Yi‐Jin , Zhang Chen‐Xu , Su Jun‐Zhang , Zhang Jia‐Rui , Zhang Ying , Pan Jun‐Cheng , Wang Chao , Feng Yan‐Mei 
Published: December 2017

Visible and near‐infrared light responsed Sn1−x Bix S2 nanosheets was synthesised via a simple hydrothermal method. Rhodamine B was adopted to evaluate the degradation efficiency of the as‐prepared samples. Experimental results showed that the doping content of Bi3+ could obviously affect the degradation efficiency of SnS2. It was first increased and then decreased with increasing the Bi3+ content under the visible light irradiation. When the mole fraction of doping Bi3+ was 5%, the as‐prepared Sn0.95Bi0.05S2 with a bandgap of 0.38 eV had the highest degradation efficiency of 95.9% in 120 min. Moreover, the as‐prepared composites possessed more effective electron–hole pair separation than that of pure SnS2. In addition, a possible degradation mechanism of the as‐prepared Sn0.95Bi0.05S2 was proposed.
New nearby white dwarfs from Gaia DR1 TGAS and UCAC5/URAT
Authors: Scholz R.-D. , Meusinger H. , Jahreiß H. 
Published: December 2017

Aims. Using an accurate Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) 25 pc sample that is nearly complete for GK stars and selecting common proper motion (CPM) candidates from the 5th United States Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC5), we search for new white dwarf (WD) companions around nearby stars with relatively small proper motions.
Methods. To investigate known CPM systems in TGAS and to select CPM candidates in TGAS+UCAC5, we took into account the expected effect of orbital motion on the proper motion and proper motion catalogue errors. Colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) MJ ∕J − Ks and MG ∕G − J were used to verify CPM candidates from UCAC5. Assuming their common distance with a given TGAS star, we searched for candidates that occupied similar regions in the CMDs as the few known nearby WDs (four in TGAS) and WD companions (three in TGAS+UCAC5). The CPM candidates with colours and absolute magnitudes corresponding neither to the main sequence nor to the WD sequence were considered as doubtful or subdwarf candidates.
Results. With a minimum proper motion of 60 mas yr−1, we selected three WD companion candidates; two of which are also confirmed by their significant parallaxes measured in URAT data, whereas the third may also be a chance alignment of a distant halo star with a nearby TGAS star that has an angular separation of about 465 arcsec. One additional nearby WD candidate was found from its URAT parallax and GJKs photometry. With HD 166435 B orbiting a well-known G1 star at ≈24.6 pc with a projected physical separation of ≈700 AU, we discovered one of the hottest WDs, classified by us as DA2.0 ± 0.2, in the solar neighbourhood. We also found TYC 3980-1081-1 B, a strong cool WD companion candidate around a recently identified new solar neighbour with a TGAS parallax corresponding to a distance of ≈8.3 pc and our photometric classification as ≈M2 dwarf. This raises the question of whether previous assumptions on the completeness of the WD sample to a distance of 13 pc were correct.
Martensitic transformation in TiNi alloy after surface modification done by hydroxyapatite layer deposition
Authors: Goryczka Tomasz , Zubko Maciej , Dudek Agata 
Published: December 2017

A hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer was deposited on the surface of an NiTi alloy using a spark plasma technique. The effects of spraying conditions on the martensitic transformation were investigated in three heat-affected zones: the zone under the handle, the transition zone and in a representative zone with HAp coverage. In the representative area, a reduction in the amount of non-transformable phases was observed. A part of the sublayer showed a nanocrystalline or completely amorphous structure. This sublayer was approximately 30 µm thick. Structural changes contributed to the reduction of the temperature of the reverse martensitic transition down to 25°C. Moreover, modification of the surface revealed a positive influence on the transformation course by narrowing its temperature range and increasing its enthalpy. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Titanium.
Residual stress control of multipass welds using low transformation temperature fillers
Authors: Moat R. J. , Ooi S. , Shirzadi A. A. , Dai H. , Mark A. F. , Bhadeshia H. K. D. H. , Withers P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Low transformation temperature (LTT) weld fillers can be used to replace tensile weld residual stresses with compressive ones and reduce the distortion of single-pass welds in austenitic plates. By contrast, weld fillers in multipass welds experience a number of thermal excursions, meaning that the benefit of the smart LTT fillers may not be realised. Here, neutron diffraction and the contour method are used to measure the residual stress in an eight pass groove weld of a 304 L stainless steel plate using the experimental LTT filler Camalloy 4. Our measurements show that the stress mitigating the effect of Camalloy 4 is indeed diminished during multipass welding. We propose a carefully selected elevated interpass hold temperature and demonstrate that this restores the LTT capability to successfully mitigate residual tensile stresses. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Nuclear Materials.
New algorithms to represent complex pseudoknotted RNA structures in dot-bracket notation
Authors: Antczak Maciej , Popenda Mariusz , Zok Tomasz , Zurkowski Michal , Adamiak Ryszard W , Szachniuk Marta 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMotivationUnderstanding the formation, architecture and roles of pseudoknots in RNA structures are one of the most difficult challenges in RNA computational biology and structural bioinformatics. Methods predicting pseudoknots typically perform this with poor accuracy, often despite experimental data incorporation. Existing bioinformatic approaches differ in terms of pseudoknots’ recognition and revealing their nature. A few ways of pseudoknot classification exist, most common ones refer to a genus or order. Following the latter one, we propose new algorithms that identify pseudoknots in RNA structure provided in BPSEQ format, determine their order and encode in dot-bracket-letter notation. The proposed encoding aims to illustrate the hierarchy of RNA folding.ResultsNew algorithms are based on dynamic programming and hybrid (combining exhaustive search and random walk) approaches. They evolved from elementary algorithm implemented within the workflow of RNA FRABASE 1.0, our database of RNA structure fragments. They use different scoring functions to rank dissimilar dot-bracket representations of RNA structure. Computational experiments show an advantage of new methods over the others, especially for large RNA structures.Availability and implementationPresented algorithms have been implemented as new functionality of RNApdbee webserver and are ready to use at http://rnapdbee.cs.put.poznan.pl.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The genomic landscape of language: Insights into evolution
Authors: Mountford Hayley S , Newbury Dianne F 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Studies of severe, monogenic forms of language disorders have revealed important insights into the mechanisms that underpin language development and evolution. It is clear that monogenic mutations in genes such as FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 only account for a small proportion of language disorders seen in children, and the genetic basis of language in modern humans is highly complex and poorly understood. In this review, we examine why we understand so little of the genetic landscape of language disorders, and how the genetic background of an individual greatly affects the way in which a genetic change is expressed. We discuss how the underlying genetics of language disorders has informed our understanding of language evolution, and how recent advances may obtain a clearer picture of language capacity in ancient hominins.
Direct-Acting Antivirals Improve Access to Care and Cure for Patients With HIV and Chronic HCV Infection
Authors: Collins Lauren F , Chan Austin , Zheng Jiayin , Chow Shein-Chung , Wilder Julius M , Muir Andrew J , Naggie Susanna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) as curative therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection offer &gt;95% sustained virologic response (SVR), including in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Despite improved safety and efficacy of HCV treatment, challenges remain, including drug-drug interactions between DAA and antiretroviral therapy (ART) and restrictions on access by payers.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of all HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected patients captured in care at our institution from 2011–2015, reflecting the DAA era, to determine treatment uptake and SVR, and to elucidate barriers to accessing DAA for co-infected patients.

Results
We identified 9290 patients with HCV mono-infection and 507 with HIV/HCV co-infection. Compared to mono-infected patients, co-infected patients were younger and more likely to be male and African-American. For both groups, treatment uptake improved from the DAA/pegylated interferon (PEGIFN)-ribavirin to IFN-free DAA era. One-third of co-infected patients in the IFN-free DAA era required ART switch and nearly all remained virologically suppressed after 6 months. We observed SVR &gt;95% for most patient subgroups including those with co-infection, prior treatment-experience, and cirrhosis. Predictors of access to DAA for co-infected patients included Caucasian race, CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm3, HIV virologic suppression and cirrhosis. Time to approval of DAA was longest for patients insured by Medicaid, followed by private insurance and Medicare.

Conclusions
DAA therapy has significantly improved access to HCV treatment and high SVR is independent of HIV status. However, in order to realize cure for all, barriers and disparities in access need to be urgently addressed.