bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycemic Key Metrics and the Risk of Diabetes-Associated Complications
Authors: Kohnert Klaus-Dieter , Heinke Peter , Zander Eckhard , Vogt Lutz , Salzsieder Eckhard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrevention of diabetes-associated complications is closely linked to preventing and controlling hyperglycemia. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a glucose metric and a risk factor for chronic complications, is not reliable under certain clinical conditions, does not capture glyemic variability and glucose dynamics. There is evidence that glycemic variability is an independent predictor variable of hypoglycemia and a potential risk marker for vascular diabetes complications. Despite advanced glucose monitoring methods, monitoring of glucose with blood glucose meters remains indispensible as an adjunct to HbA1c measurements, because it gives direct feedback on short-term changes in glucose levels. Optimized diabetes treatment and prevention or delay of diabetes complications needs both key glucose control metrics on a daily basis, involving fasting, preprandial, and postprandial glucose levels as well as advanced, user-friendly monitoring methods. The broad application of systems for continuous glucose monitoring in clinical settings is partly hampered by lacking measures generally accepted for analysis of glucose profiles and as standards for reporting of glucose data. We performed a literature search, using PubMed and Scopus and included relevant literature published online up to March 1, 2016. In this review, we discuss the importance of several glucose measures for primary and secondary prevention of diabetes complications and possibilities for evaluation of monitored glucose data with special consideration of glycemic variability, glucose dynamics, and the utility of continuous glucose monitoring.
A Touristic Concept of Land Management of Zaklików’s Reservoir Based on its Natural Values (South-Eastern Poland)
Authors: Sender Joanna , Maślanko Weronika , Kuk Milena 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine actions towards enrichment of natural aspects of the water reservoir in Zaklików, with consideration of nature protection and social needs. For this purpose, physical and chemical parameters of the reservoir, floristic and physiognomic characteristics of the area, cartographic analysis of land use, natural and touristic valorisation, and the concept of tourism development of the area were considered. The reservoir, based on the ESMI index, rated as moderate ecological status. The highest natural and tourist values, as well as the highest intensity of conflict between them, were located in the north-eastern and central part of the study area. Based on all analyzes, a concept of development of the study area was created, consistent with the local development plan.
Inferring Individual Inbreeding and Demographic History from Segments of Identity by Descent inFicedulaFlycatcher Genome Sequences
Authors: Kardos Marty , Qvarnström Anna , Ellegren Hans 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIndividual inbreeding and historical demography can be estimated by analyzing runs of homozygosity (ROH), which are indicative of chromosomal segments...Individual inbreeding and historical demography can be estimated by analyzing runs of homozygosity (ROH), which are indicative of chromosomal segments of identity by descent (IBD). Such analyses have so far been rare in natural populations due to limited genomic resources. We analyzed ROH in whole genome sequences from 287 Ficedula flycatchers representing four species, with the objectives of evaluating the causes of genome-wide variation in the abundance of ROH and inferring historical demography. ROH were clearly more abundant in genomic regions with low recombination rate. However, this pattern was substantially weaker when ROH were mapped using genetic rather than physical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) coordinates in the genome. Empirical results and simulations suggest that high ROH abundance in regions of low recombination was partly caused by increased power to detect the very long IBD segments typical of regions with a low recombination rate. Simulations also showed that hard selective sweeps (but not soft sweeps or background selection) likely contributed to variation in the abundance of ROH across the genome. Comparisons of the abundance of ROH among several study populations indicated that the Spanish pied flycatcher population had the smallest historical effective population size (Ne) for this species, and that a putatively recently founded island (Baltic) population had the smallest historical Ne among the collared flycatchers. Analysis of pairwise IBD in Baltic collared flycatchers indicated that this population was founded &lt;60 generations ago. This study provides a rare genomic glimpse into demographic history and the mechanisms underlying the genome-wide distribution of ROH.
Factores relacionados con la satisfacción en consultas externas en Hospitales de Madrid
Authors: Rodríguez Marmol María , Muñoz Cruz Rafael 
Published: January 2017

Introducción. La gran cantidad de pacientes atendidos en las consultas externas hospitalarias y conocer la importancia de sus opiniones sobre la atención recibida en este servicio motiva el desarrollo del presente estudio, el cual busca conocer la opinión de un grupo de usuarios sobre las consultas externas de tres hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Madrid e identificar factores que influyen en la satisfacción global de estas personas.Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se encuestó a 150 usuarios de consultas externas mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado, previamente validado que constaba de 12 ítems, englobados en dos dimensiones con una escala tipo Likert de 1 a 10 en función del grado de satisfacción, de los cuales se obtuvo resultados sociodemográficos y de tipo descriptivo. Por otra parte, se realizó un análisis bivariante del que se detectó diferencias significativas en función del sexo, el nivel académico, la nacionalidad y la edad.Resultados. En el análisis descriptivo del cuestionario llama la atención que la calidad administrativa es valorada por debajo de 5 puntos, mientras que para la clínica, la valoración es de 6 puntos aproximadamente, de la que resulta una valoración del cuestionario total ligeramente superior a 5. El tiempo de espera en consultas fue el ítem que obtuvo la valoración media más baja de todo el cuestionario, con algo más de un 3,5 sobre 10, mientras que la más alta fue la obtenida para el ítem referido al trato por parte del personal de enfermería, con una nota de casi un 7. Conclusión. Se puede afirmar que en la muestra estudiada solo existen dos factores que se relacionan con el incremento de la satisfacción de los usuarios en las consultas externas: el sexo masculino y haber cursado estudios universitarios.
Um caminho metodológico para identificar redes de ensino mais justas na educação básica
Authors: Ribeiro Vanda Mendes 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo propõe um caminho metodológico para identificar redes de ensino mais justas na educação básica, nas quais o maior número possível de alunos domina o conhecimento que se define como necessário, sobretudo aqueles alunos cuja origem lhes impõe situações de desigualdade social. Elaborou-se um índice de nível socioeconômico (NSE) para cada aluno; e realizou-se análise de agrupamentos com base na média da proficiência de Matemática, na média do NSE dos alunos e no coeficiente de variação da proficiência de Matemática. Foram identificadas 19 redes municipais de ensino mais justas no estado de São Paulo. Procedimentos de controle mostraram que o caminho metodológico proposto é adequado para indicar redes de ensino que têm con- seguido gerar aprendizagens de forma mais equitativa.
”PERSEPSI IBU POSTPARTUM YANG MENYUSUI DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN NUTRISI SUATU STUDI ETHNOGRAPHY PADA SUKU JAWA”
Authors: Hidayati Ratna - 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTHE PERCEPTION OF BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS IN FULFILLINGTHE NEEDS OF NUTRITION AN ETHNOGRAPHY STUDY ON JAVANESSE The perception that establish breastfeeding mothers in fulfilling the nutrition needson Javanese culture is derived from hereditary taught by their family and influential figures in the community. The purpose of this study is to know about the perception of Javanese breastfeeding postpartum mothers fulfilling nutritional needs. This is qualitative research with a principled approach to the study of the naturalistic inquiry. Information was obtained from 8 participants selected according tothe principle of sampling, those are the suitability and sufficiency which describe phenomena and linkages to research topics. Perception research results in fulfilling nutritional needs of breastfeeding mothers by adding the eating portion; forbid eating eggs and chicken. It is because they can cause wound inflammation/infection. Moreover, they try to increase their milk production by “wuwung bathing”, snacking the nuts and drinking “jamu gendongan”. All participants follow their parents’ suggestion, but high educated participants have the ability to negotiate with the parents. Nurses should have good interpersonal communication skills, understand the socio-cultural aspects and the uniqueness of the individual against the perception that is believed in order to avoid conflicts in changing perceptions related to nutrition, to develop and support the group including health personnel, family and clients.Keywords: Perception, nutrition, breastfeed
Why Peer Crowds Matter: Incorporating Youth Subcultures and Values in Health Education Campaigns
Authors: Moran Meghan B. , Walker Matthew W. , Alexander Tesfa N. , Jordan Jeffrey W. , Wagner Dana E. 
Published: January 2017

Grounded on research showing that peer crowds vary in risk behavior, several recent health behavior interventions, including the US Food and Drug Administration’s Fresh Empire campaign, have targeted high-risk peer crowds. We establish the scientific foundations for using this approach. We introduce peer crowd targeting as a strategy for culturally targeting health behavior interventions to youths. We use social identity and social norms theory to explicate the theoretical underpinnings of this approach. We describe Fresh Empire to demonstrate how peer crowd targeting functions in a campaign and critically evaluate the benefits and limitations of this approach. By replacing unhealthy behavioral norms with desirable, healthy lifestyles, peer crowd–targeted interventions can create a lasting impact that resonates in the target audience’s culture.
Civil Legal Services and Medical-Legal Partnerships Needed by the Homeless Population: A National Survey
Authors: Tsai Jack , Jenkins Darlene , Lawton Ellen 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To examine civil legal needs among people experiencing homelessness and the extent to which medical-legal partnerships exist in homeless service sites, which promote the integration of civil legal aid professionals into health care settings.Methods. We surveyed a national sample of 48 homeless service sites across 26 states in November 2015. The survey asked about needs, attitudes, and practices related to civil legal issues, including medical-legal partnerships.Results. More than 90% of the homeless service sites reported that their patients experienced at least 1 civil legal issue, particularly around housing, employment, health insurance, and disability benefits. However, only half of all sites reported screening patients for civil legal issues, and only 10% had a medical-legal partnership. The large majority of sites reported interest in receiving training on screening for civil legal issues and developing medical-legal partnerships.Conclusions. There is great need and potential to deploy civil legal services in health settings to serve unstably housed populations. Training homeless service providers how to screen for civil legal issues and how to develop medical-legal partnerships would better equip them to provide comprehensive care.
Mass Shootings: The Role of the Media in Promoting Generalized Imitation
Authors: Meindl James N. , Ivy Jonathan W. 
Published: January 2017

Mass shootings are a particular problem in the United States, with one mass shooting occurring approximately every 12.5 days. Recently a “contagion” effect has been suggested wherein the occurrence of one mass shooting increases the likelihood of another mass shooting occurring in the near future. Although contagion is a convenient metaphor used to describe the temporal spread of a behavior, it does not explain how the behavior spreads. Generalized imitation is proposed as a better model to explain how one person’s behavior can influence another person to engage in similar behavior. Here we provide an overview of generalized imitation and discuss how the way in which the media report a mass shooting can increase the likelihood of another shooting event. Also, we propose media reporting guidelines to minimize imitation and further decrease the likelihood of a mass shooting.
Quantifying Disparities in Urban Firearm Violence by Race and Place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A Cartographic Study
Authors: Beard Jessica H. , Morrison Christopher N. , Jacoby Sara F. , Dong Beidi , Smith Randi , Sims Carrie A. , Wiebe Douglas J. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To describe variability in the burden of firearm violence by race, income, and place in an urban context. Methods. We used Philadelphia Police Department data from 2013 to 2014 to calculate firearm assault rates within census block groups for both victim residence and event locations, stratifying by race and block group income. We used cartographic modeling to determine variations in incidence of firearm assault by race, neighborhood income, and place. Results. The overall rate of firearm assault was 5.0 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 5.6) for Black people compared with White people. Firearm assault rates were higher among Black people across all victim residence incomes. Relative risk of firearm assault reached 15.8 times higher (95% CI = 10.7, 23.2) for Black residents in the highest-income block groups when compared with high-income White individuals. Firearm assault events tended to occur in low-income areas and were concentrated in several “hot spot” locations with high proportions of Black residents. Conclusions. Profound disparity in exposure to firearm violence by race and place exists in Philadelphia. Black people were substantially more likely than White people to sustain firearm assault, regardless of neighborhood income.
QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER II, 2016
Authors: Machmud TM Arief , Perdymer Syachman , Anwar Muslimin , Aman Nurkholisoh Ibnu , Ayu K Tri Kurnia , Mutiara K Anggita Cinditya , Riyadi Illinia Ayudhia 
Published: January 2017

The growth of Indonesian economy on Quarter II, 2016 increased with a well-maintained financial system and macroeconomic stability. Though the growth was not uniform across sectors, the aggregate growth has increased during this quarter, supported by domestic demand, fiscal stimulus, along with monetary policy ease. On the other hand, the macroeconomic stability was well preserved as reflected on inflation within the band target, a better current account deficit, and relatively stable Rupiah’s rate. This stable macroeconomic condition enabled the monetary authority to ease their policy. In the future, the policy coordination between the fiscal and the monetary authority is required, particularly on accelerating the implementation of structural reform, to support a sustainable economic growth.
Vertical Stratification of Soil Phosphorus as a Concern for Dissolved Phosphorus Runoff in the Lake Erie Basin
Authors: Baker David B. , Johnson Laura T. , Confesor Remegio B. , Crumrine John P. 
Published: January 2017

During the re‐eutrophication of Lake Erie, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loading and concentrations to the lake have nearly doubled, while particulate phosphorus (PP) has remained relatively constant. One potential cause of increased DRP concentrations is P stratification, or the buildup of soil‐test P (STP) in the upper soil layer (<5 cm). Stratification often accompanies no‐till and mulch‐till practices that reduce erosion and PP loading, practices that have been widely implemented throughout the Lake Erie Basin. To evaluate the extent of P stratification in the Sandusky Watershed, certified crop advisors were enlisted to collect stratified soil samples (0–5 or 0–2.5 cm) alongside their normal agronomic samples (0–20 cm) (n = 1758 fields). The mean STP level in the upper 2.5 cm was 55% higher than the mean of agronomic samples used for fertilizer recommendations. The amounts of stratification were highly variable and did not correlate with agronomic STPs (Spearman's r = 0.039, p = 0.178). Agronomic STP in 70% of the fields was within the buildup or maintenance ranges for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (0–46 mg kg−1 Mehlich‐3 P). The cumulative risks for DRP runoff from the large number of fields in the buildup and maintenance ranges exceeded the risks from fields above those ranges. Reducing stratification by a one‐time soil inversion has the potential for larger and quicker reductions in DRP runoff risk than practices related to drawing down agronomic STP levels. Periodic soil inversion and mixing, targeted by stratified STP data, should be considered a viable practice to reduce DRP loading to Lake Erie.Core Ideas
P stratification increases surficial soil‐test levels by 55% over agronomic cores.
Agronomic soil‐test levels are not good indicators of surficial soil‐test levels.
Soils in maintenance range account for the largest proportion of DRP runoff risks.
Targeted stratification reduction could reduce DRP runoff more than drawdown.
Stratification reduction could reduce DRP runoff more quickly than drawdown.
Sistem Kontrol Torsi pada Motor DC
Authors: Wahid Ibrahim Arifin , Wahyu Widodo Triyogatama , Wahyu Supardi Tri 
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPenggunaan motor DC di dunia industri sangat penting. Kecepatan dan torsi motor DC sangat mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas produk yang dihasilkan. Untuk itu, diperlukan sistem kontrol motor DC yang dapat diatur kecepatan dan torsinya. Banyak pelaku industri mengeluhkan kerusakan pada motor DC disebakan beban yang diangkut motor melebihi kemampuan torsi motornya. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut dibuatlah sistem kontrol torsi motor DC.Sistem kontrol torsi dibuat dengan cara mengatur arus armaturnya pada motor DC penguat terpisah dengan kondisi arus fieldnya tetap. Sistem kontrol torsi ini bersifat dua level yaitu, sistem kontrol kecepatan dan sistem kontrol arus sehingga sinyal keluaran sistem kontrol kecepatan akan menjadi sinyal reference arus.Pengujian dilakukan dengan beban maksimal 3690 gram dan arus nominal sebesar 0,8 A atau torsi nominal sebesar 0,323 Nm. Hasil menunjukkan torsi efektif motor mampu diatur dengan kisaran 0,182 Nm - 0,243 Nm. Diharapkan dengan harga torsi efektif yang diatur mampu menahan beban seberat apapun tanpa merusak motor tersebut.Kata kunci— Motor DC, Kecepatan, TorsiAbstractThe use of a DC motor in the industrialized world is very important. Speed of DC motor and torque of DC motor greatly affects quality and quantity of product. Therefore, we need control system of a DC motor that can be set speed and torque. The number of industry players complained about damage to the DC motor because transported load torque of motor exceeds capabilities of torque of DC motor. Based on these problem, we should make torque control system in DC motor.Torque control system made by regulating armature current of DC motor separately excited with current field constant condition. Torque control system consist of speed control and current control, namely control system two level. Output signal speed control system will be the current reference signal.Testing has been carried out with a maximum load of 3690 grams and a nominal current of 0.8 A or nominal torque of 0.323 Nm. The results shows the effective torque of motor is able to be set in the range of 0.182 Nm - 0,243 Nm. Expected to value effective of regulated torque is able to withstand infinite heavy loads without damaging the motor.Keywords— DC Motor, Speed, Torque
A regularização fundiária urbana na Amazônia Legal
Authors: Gouvêa Denise De Campos , Ávila Paulo Coelho , Ribeiro Sandra Bernardes 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo examina como a ocupação irregular de terras na Região Amazônica gerou conflitos que exigiram uma nova lei federal para a resolução do problema. Durante a década de 1970, o governo federal, para estimular a ocupação da região, desenvolveu programas para a fixação de colonos e empresas em terras da União, sob a coordenação do Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária – Incra. No entanto, a falta de processos rigorosos de distribuição de terras e o descuido sobre o uso e a ocupação do solo permitiram a formação e o crescimento de cidades em muitos assentamentos rurais. Tal fato resultou em cidades onde a irregularidade fundiária afeta milhares de moradias em toda a região. Para resolver a situação, o governo federal editou em 2009 a Lei 11.952, que estabelece condições específicas e regras para a destinação das terras da União aos municípios de modo a promoverem a regularização fundiária e o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades. Palavras-chave: regularização fundiária; região amazônica; urbanização; desenvolvimento urbano; insegurança da posse. Abstract: This article reviews how the irregular occupation of land in the Amazon region generated conflicts that claimed for a federal law for a resolution. In the 1970's, to stimulate occupation of the region, the federal government developed programs to give away public land to settlers and firms willing to explore the region, under the coordination of INCRA, the national government agency for agrarian reform. However, lack of a rigorous process of land distribution and oversight of land use allowed the formation and growth of cities in several rural settlements. This resulted in many urban areas where insecure land tenure affects thousands of housing and public buildings overall in the region. To resolve this situation, the federal government edited the Federal Law 11,952 in 2009, establishing the specific conditions and regulations to transfer federal land to the municipalities in order to regularize land ownership and promote sustainable urban development. Keywords: land regularization; amazonian region; urbanization; urban development; insecure land tenure.