bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the keyhole TIG welding-induced distortions on Inconel 718 industrial gas turbine component by numerical-experimental approach
Authors: Battista Francesco Raffaele , Ambrogio Giuseppina , Giorgini Luca , Guerrini Massimo , Costantino Stefano , Ricciardi Filippo , Filice Luigino 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWelding technologies represent a paramount joining process for ensuring the quality and reliability of critical industrial components; therefore, their innovation constitutes a driving force in realizing increasingly competitive products. A recently developed technology is the keyhole TIG welding, a new high energy–density alternative to the conventional TIG process. A key role in improving innovative manufacturing processes such as the keyhole TIG is covered by numerical simulation; indeed, it allows the development of a process digital twin able to support decisions and work as a predictive tool. Within this framework, the paper deals with the numerical-experimental investigation of the keyhole TIG technology, successfully employed on a simplified mock-up of an industrial gas turbine component consisting of two 6.5-mm-thick Inconel 718 rings. Numerical analysis aimed at predicting welding-induced distortions was performed employing two different computational approaches, namely the moving heat source and the simplified imposed thermal cycle methods. The numerical-experimental comparison of the results demonstrates an innovative approach in the field of the current keyhole TIG numerical simulation since, besides verification of numerical thermal analysis, further substantial validation of the post-weld distortion predictions is provided through comprehensive three-dimensional experimental data. Moreover, the comparative assessment of the two computational approaches and experimental evidence revealed that the imposed thermal cycle method implementation does not compromise the accuracy of welding distortion forecasting in industrial applications such as that investigated. Therefore, it can be regarded as a valuable tool for supporting the process engineer in designing the ideal set-up to comply with a variety of industrial requirements, among them strict design tolerances.
Slowly Expanding Stable Dust Spacetimes
Authors: Fajman David , Ofner Maximilian , Wyatt Zoe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe establish the future nonlinear stability of a large class of FLRW models as solutions to the Einstein-Dust system. We consider the case of a vanishing cosmological constant, which, in particular implies that the expansion rate of the respective models is linear, i.e. has zero acceleration. The resulting spacetimes are future globally regular. These solutions constitute the first generic class of future regular Einstein-Dust spacetimes not undergoing accelerated expansion and are thereby the slowest expanding generic family of future complete Einstein-Dust spacetimes currently known.
Effect of chronic delivery of the NOP/MOR partial agonist AT-201 and NOP antagonist J-113397 on heroin relapse in a rat model of opioid maintenance
Authors: Bossert Jennifer M. , Caldwell Kiera E. , Korah Hannah , Batista Ashley , Bonbrest Hannah , Fredriksson Ida , Jackson Shelley N. , Sulima Agnieszka , Rice Kenner C. , Zaveri Nurulain T. , Shaham Yavin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rationale
The opioid crisis persists despite availability of effective opioid agonist maintenance treatments (methadone and buprenorphine). Thus, there is a need to advance novel medications for the treatment of opioid use and relapse.

Objectives
We recently modeled maintenance treatment in rats and found that chronic delivery of buprenorphine and the mu opioid receptor (MOR) partial agonist TRV130 decreases relapse to oxycodone seeking and taking. In contrast, chronic delivery of the buprenorphine analog BU08028 had mixed effects on different heroin relapse-related measures. Here, we tested the effect of the mixed nociceptin (NOP) receptor/MOR partial agonist AT-201 and the NOP receptor antagonist J-113397 on different heroin relapse-related measures.

Methods
We trained male and female rats to self-administer heroin (6-h/d, 14-d) in context A and then implanted osmotic minipumps containing AT-201 (0, 3.8, or 12 mg/kg/d) or J-113397 (0, 12.6, or 40 mg/kg/d). Next, we tested the effect of chronic delivery of the compounds on (1) incubation of heroin seeking in a non-drug context B, (2) extinction responding reinforced by heroin-associated discrete cues in context B, (3) context A-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, and (4) reacquisition of heroin self-administration in context A.

Results
In females, AT-201 modestly increased reacquisition of heroin self-administration and J-113397 modestly decreased incubation of heroin seeking. The compounds had no effect on the other relapse-related measures in females, and no effect on any of the measures in males.

Conclusion
The NOP/MOR partial agonist AT-201 and the NOP antagonist J-113397 did not mimic buprenorphine’s inhibitory effects on relapse in a rat model of opioid maintenance treatment.
Rates in Almost Sure Invariance Principle for Nonuniformly Hyperbolic Maps
Authors: Cuny C. , Dedecker J. , Korepanov A. , Merlevède F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe prove the almost sure invariance principle (ASIP) with close to optimal error rates for nonuniformly hyperbolic maps. We do not assume exponential contraction along stable leaves, therefore our result covers in particular slowly mixing invertible dynamical systems as Bunimovich flowers, billiards with flat points as in Chernov and Zhang (Stoch Dyn 5:535–553, 2005a, Nonlinearity 18:1527–1553, 2005b) and Wojtkowski’ (Commun Math Phys 126:507–533, 1990) system of two falling balls.For these examples, the ASIP is a new result, not covered by prior works for various reasons, notably because in absence of exponential contraction along stable leaves, it is challenging to employ the so-called Sinai’s trick (Sinai in Russ Math Surv 27:21–70, 1972; Bowen, Lecture Notes in Math vol. 470 (1975)) of reducing a nonuniformly hyperbolic system to a nonuniformly expanding one. Our strategy follows our previous papers on the ASIP for nonuniformly expanding maps, where we build a semiconjugacy to a specific renewal Markov shift and adapt the argument of Berkes et al. (Ann Probab 42:794–817, 2014). The main difference is that now the Markov shift is two-sided, the observables depend on the full trajectory, both the future and the past.
Water retting process with hemp pre-treatment: effect on the enzymatic activities and microbial populations dynamic
Authors: Ventorino Valeria , Chouyia Fatima Ezzahra , Romano Ida , Mori Mauro , Pepe Olimpia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Proper retting process of hemp stems, in which efficient separation of cellulose fiber from the rest of the stem is promoted by indigenous microorganisms able to degrade pectin, is essential for fiber production and quality. This research aimed to investigate the effect of a pre-treatment dew retting in field of hemp stalks on the pectinolytic enzymatic activity and microbiota dynamic during lab-scale water retting process. A strong increase in the pectinase activity as well as in the aerobic and anaerobic pectinolytic concentration was observed from 14 to 21 days, especially using hemp stalks that were not subjected to a pre-retting treatment on field (WRF0 0.690 ± 0.05 U/mL). Results revealed that the microbial diversity significantly varied over time during the water retting and the development of microbiota characterizing the water retting of hemp stalks of different biosystems used in this study was affected by pre-treatment conditions in the field and water retting process and by an interaction between the two methods. Although at the beginning of the experiment a high biodiversity was recorded in all biosystems, the water retting led to a selection of microbial populations in function of the time of pre-treatment in field, especially in bacterial populations. The use of hemp stems did not subject to a field pre-treatment seems to help the development of a homogeneous and specific pectinolytic microbiota with a higher enzymatic activity in respect to samples exposed to uncontrolled environmental conditions for 10, 20, or 30 days before the water retting process.

Key points
• Microbial diversity significantly varied over time during water retting.
• Water retting microbiota was affected by dew pre-treatment in the field.
• Retting of no pretreated hemp allows the development of specific microbiota with high enzymatic activity.
MRI characteristics predict risk of pathological upgrade in patients with ISUP grade group 1 prostate cancer
Authors: Boschheidgen M. , Schimmöller L. , Radtke J. P. , Kastl R. , Jannusch K. , Lakes J. , Drewes L. R. , Radke K. L. , Esposito I. , Albers P. , Antoch G. , Ullrich T. , Al-Monajjed R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to analyse multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) characteristics of patients diagnosed with ISUP grade group (GG) 1 prostate cancer (PC) on initial target plus systematic MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy and investigate histopathological progression during follow-up.

Methods
A retrospective single-centre cohort analysis was conducted on consecutive patients with mpMRI visible lesions (PI-RADS ≥ 3) and detection of ISUP-1-PC at the time of initial biopsy. The study assessed clinical, mpMRI, and histopathological parameters. Subcohorts were analysed with (1) patients who had confirmed ISUP-1-PC and (2) patients who experienced histopathological upgrading to ISUP ≥ 2 PC during follow-up either at re-biopsy or radical prostatectomy (RP).

Results
A total of 156 patients (median age 65 years) between March 2014 and August 2021 were included. Histopathological upgrading to ISUP ≥ 2 was detected in 55% of patients during a median follow-up of 9.5 months (IQR 2.2–16.4). When comparing subgroups with an ISUP upgrade and sustained ISUP 1 PC, they differed significantly in contact length of the index lesion to the pseudocapsule, ADC value, PI-RADS category, and the MRI grading group (mGG) (p < 0.05). In the ISUP GG ≥ 2 subgroup, 91% of men had PI-RADS category 4 or 5 and 82% exhibited the highest mGG (mGG3). In multivariate analysis, mGG was the only independent parameter for predicting ISUP ≥ 2-PC in these patients.

Conclusions
MRI reveals important information about PC aggressiveness and should be incorporated into clinical decision-making when ISUP-1-PC is diagnosed. In cases of specific MRI characteristics adverse to the histopathology, early re-biopsy might be considered.

Clinical relevance statement
In cases with clear MRI characteristics for clinically significant prostate cancer (e.g., mGG 3 and/or PI-RADS 5, cT3, or clear focal PI-RADS 4 lesions on MRI) and ISUP GG 1 PC diagnosed on initial prostate biopsy, MRI findings should be incorporated into clinical decision-making and early re-biopsy (e.g., within 6 months) might be considered.

Key Points

MRI reveals important information about prostate cancer (PC) aggressiveness.

MRI should be incorporated into clinical decision-making when ISUP GG 1 PC is diagnosed on initial prostate biopsy.

In cases of specific MRI characteristics adverse to the histopathology, early re-biopsy might be considered.

Graphical Abstract
Assocation between trapezium size and failure of total trapeziometacarpal prosthesis. A survival analysis
Authors: Simón-Pérez Clarisa , Martín-Ferrero Miguel Angel , Hernandez-Cortes Pedro , Coco Martin Begoña , S. Rosales Roberto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aims
To assess the survival function of cementless total trapezium metacarpal prostheses (TTMPs) at 20 years, to compare survival functions by trapezium size, and to evaluate the association between the instantaneous risk of TTMP failure and small trapezium size using a multivariate Cox regression model.

Methods
This observational cohort study included 221 consecutive patients with a mean follow-up after TTMP of 137.3 months (maximum of 246 months). Kaplan-Meier and actuarial life-table methods were used to evaluate the survival function of thecohort. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared by trapezium size. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the effect of potential confounders on the association between small trapezium and the instantaneous risk of TTMP failure.

Results
At the end of follow-up, there was a 89.01% chance of the TTMP surviving for 246 months or more. There was an association between TTMP survival time and trapezium size showing a significant trend such that the survival curves weresignificantly higher with larger trapezium size (Mantel-Cox test, p = 0.0001; WilcoxonBreslow test, p = 0.0002; Tarone-Ware test, p = 0.0001).The unadjusted Cox regression model showed a significant association between small trapezium size (smaller than 9 mm) and the instantaneous risk of TTPM failure (HR: 7.37, 95% CI: 2.46-22.07). In the multivariate Cox analysis, “age”, “trapezium morphology”, and “complications” were confounders in the association between small trapezium size and the hazard ratio of prosthetic failure (HR = 3.76; 95% CI 0.96 to 13.82).

Conclusion
These results confirm the long-term functional survival of TTMP prostheses and reveal a significant increase in trend of the survival curve with larger trapezium size. Patient age, trapezium morphology, and the presence of post-surgical complications are confounders in the association between small trapezium size and the hazard ratio of TTMP failure.
Geometrically nonlinear static analysis of multi-component structures through variable-kinematics finite elements
Authors: Azzara R. , Carrera E. , Chiaia P. , Filippi M. , Pagani A. , Petrolo M. , Zappino E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a multi-dimensional variable-kinematics finite element model for nonlinear static analyses of structures with complex geometries. The approach incorporates higher-order beam models and classical solid finite elements in a unified framework, enabling refined modeling of complex geometries. The finite element procedure proposed follows the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) and uses a pure displacement-based methodology. The governing equations are derived within the classical continuum mechanics framework, and weak-form equilibrium equations are established using the Principle of Virtual Displacements (PVD). Within the CUF framework, higher-order beam and hexahedral solid models are defined in a unified manner, and the governing equations are written in terms of invariants of mathematical models used and the theory of structures approximation. A coupling technique is used between the beam and solid elements at the nodal level using superposition. The capabilities of fully nonlinear variable-kinematics models are investigated for the static analysis of various rectangular and curved structures. The numerical results are compared with solutions obtained using commercial software. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to analyze more complex geometries in engineering applications. The results show the capabilities of variable-kinematics models in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency for the computation of highly nonlinear deformed states and localized phenomena, such as stress concentrations and buckling.
The association between periodontal microbial biomarkers and primary therapy outcome
Authors: Werner Nils , Frasheri Iris , Heck Katrin , Ern Christina , Heym Richard , Bumm Caspar Victor , Folwaczny Matthias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to analyse the association between the baseline microbial load of selected periodontopathogenic bacteria collected from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the primary outcome of steps I and II therapy.

Materials and methods
222 patients with stage III periodontitis were included into this retrospective analysis that received steps 1 and 2 periodontal therapy without adjunctive systemic antibiotics. Baseline GCF samples were quantitatively analysed using ELISA-based kits for levels of periodontopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Treponema denticola (Td), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf)) and associated with the primary therapy outcome using a “treat-to-target” therapy endpoint (TE) defined as ≤ 4 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm six months after therapy.

Results
38.2% of the patients achieved TE. Patients failing to achieve TE revealed significantly increased levels of Pg, Fn, and Tf at baseline (Pg: p = 0.010, Fn: p = 0.008 Tf: p = 0.004). Multivariate binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, mean probing depth, diabetes, and current smoking status showed an independent relationship between Tf and the TE (aOR 2.570, p = 0.023).

Conclusion
Increased microbial load is associated with decreased responsiveness to therapy. The findings suggest that specifically baseline Tf levels are associated with poorer treatment outcomes and might improve the accuracy of periodontal diagnosis.

Clinical relevance
The findings of this study support the concept of a critical biomass that is sufficient to induce and maintain an immune response within the periodontal pocket, which ultimately leads to irreversible tissue destruction. However, calculating this level in advance may serve as an early indicator for intervention.

Key finding
Baseline Tannerella forsythia levels are associated with poorer treatment outcome.
Paradiplomacy and international conflict: disengagement from China by Swedish local governments
Authors: Sundqvist Gustav , Jerdén Björn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the development of paradiplomatic relations between subnational governments in China and Sweden. The empirical material comprises official documents, media reports, and interviews, and correspondence with local decision makers. Following steady growth in the 1990s and 2000s, the number of paradiplomatic agreements between the two countries declined dramatically at the end of the 2010s. To our knowledge, this extensive “local decoupling” is unprecedented, at least in the history of modern paradiplomacy between Europe and China. The decline can primarily be explained by three interrelated factors: worsening bilateral relations between Sweden and China, growing Swedish concern about the human rights situation in China, and the lack of activity in some of the cooperation projects. Rather than pursuing goals such as peacebuilding and economic benefit, generally described as the main drivers behind local governments’ international activities, several subnational governments in Sweden deemed it appropriate to terminate cooperation with their Chinese counterparts due to other concerns. This development demonstrates the usefulness of a more constructivist perspective of paradiplomacy.
What makes terroir unique? Wine, body techniques, and agricultural modernisation in the Shangri-La region of China
Authors: Zheng Xiangchun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTerroir refers to a globally circulating set of ideas about how each wine region or sub-region produces wines that are thought to be unique to that place. While the active involvement of grape-growing farmers in terroir construction has been recognised in the academic literature to some extent, there remains a gap in understanding how farmers address ever-changing situations and uncertainties as they engage in terroir creation. Drawing on fieldwork in the Shangri-La wine region of China, this paper examines processes of constructing terroir through farmers’ body techniques. It argues that farmers’ embodied flexibility and adaptability have been crucial in their navigation of the constant challenges they face, both from alterations in the socio-economic relations of agriculture in modernising China, and from a climate and terrain that is often unconducive to winemaking. In the processes of navigating these never-ending changes and challenges, farmers’ body techniques make a terroir unique.
Drivers and Facilitators of HIV-Related Stigma in Healthcare Settings in Ireland
Authors: Vaughan Elena , Költő András 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
People living with HIV who experience stigma in healthcare settings are at increased risk for engaging in health avoidance behaviours, suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and viral non-suppression. HIV-related stigma erodes trust between patients and healthcare providers, thereby undermining both individual and public health. This study aimed to identify predictors of stigmatising attitudes, stigma practices, and fear of occupational transmission among healthcare workers in the Republic of Ireland. Data were collected from 295 healthcare workers using a standardised tool designed to measure HIV-related stigma. The outcomes examined were stigmatising attitudes, stigmatising practices (such as excessive infection precaution measures), and fear of occupational transmission. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore predictors at the individual, clinic, and policy levels. The results indicated that none of the models significantly predicted stigmatising attitudes. However, stigmatising practices were positively associated with never having worked in an HIV clinic, lack of knowledge or agreement with the concept of ‘undetectable equals untransmittable’ (U = U), and the presence of institutional policies, collectively accounting for 25.3% of the variance. Fear of occupational transmission was positively predicted by gender and lack of knowledge or agreement with U = U, explaining 23.8% of the variance. The findings highlight the critical role of U = U knowledge in reducing stigma-related behaviours and fears among healthcare workers. Enhancing knowledge and acceptance of U = U as part of comprehensive stigma interventions may help reduce the stigma experienced by people living with HIV in healthcare settings.
Preferences for Hypertension Care in Malawi: A Discrete Choice Experiment Among People Living with Hypertension, With and Without HIV
Authors: Hoffman Risa , Phiri Khumbo , Kalande Pericles , Whitehead Hannah , Moses Agnes , Rockers Peter C. , Tseng Chi-Hong , Talama George , Banda Jonathan Chiwanda , van Oosterhout Joep J. , Phiri Sam , Moucheraud Corrina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hypertension is the most common non-communicable disease diagnosed among people in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about client preferences for hypertension care. We performed a discrete choice experiment in Malawi among people with hypertension, with and without HIV. Participants were asked to select between two care scenarios, each with six attributes: distance, waiting time, provider friendliness, individual or group care, antihypertensive medication supply, and antihypertensive medication dispensing frequency (three versus one month). Eight choice sets (each with two scenarios) were presented to each individual. Mixed effects logit models quantified preferences for each attribute. Estimated model coefficients were used to predict uptake of hypothetical models of care. Between July 2021 and April 2022 we enrolled 1003 adults from 14 facilities in Malawi; half were living with HIV and on ART for a median of 11 years. Median age of respondents was 57 years (IQR 49–63), 58.2% were female, and median duration on antihypertensive medications was 4 years (IQR 2–7). Participants strongly preferred seeing a provider alone versus in a group (OR 11.3, 95% CI 10.4–12.3), with stronger preference for individual care among those with HIV (OR 15.4 versus 8.6, p < 0.001). Three-month versus monthly dispensing was also strongly preferred (OR 4.2; 95% CI 3.9–4.5). 72% of respondents would choose group care if all other facility attributes were favorable, although PLHIV were less likely to make this trade-off (66% versus 77%). These findings have implications for the scale-up of hypertension care in Malawi and similar settings.