bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding affinity and in vitro cytotoxicity of harmaline targeting different motifs of nucleic acids: An ultimate drug designing approach
Authors: Bhattacharjee Paromita , Ghosh Tapas , Sarkar Sarita , Pandya Prateek , Bhadra Kakali 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe work focuses towards interaction of harmaline, with nucleic acids of different motifs by multispectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. Findings of this study suggest that binding constant varied in the order single‐stranded (ss) poly(A) > double‐stranded calf thymus (CT) DNA > double‐stranded poly(G)·poly(C) > clover leaf tRNAPhe. Prominent structural changes of ss poly(A), CT DNA, and poly(G)· poly(C) with concomitant induction of optical activity in the bound achiral alkaloid molecule was observed, while with tRNAPhe, very weak induced circular dichroism perturbation was seen. The interaction was predominantly exothermic, enthalpy driven, and entropy favored with CT DNA and poly(G)·poly(C), while it was entropy driven with poly(A) and tRNAPhe. Intercalated state of harmaline inside poly(A), CT DNA, and poly(G)·poly(C) was shown by viscometry, ferrocyanide quenching, and molecular docking. All these findings unequivocally pointed out preference of harmaline towards ss poly(A) inducing self‐structure formation. Furthermore, harmaline administration caused a significant decrease in proliferation of HeLa and HepG2 cells with GI50 of 28μM and 11.2μM, respectively. Nucleic acid fragmentation, cellular ultramorphological changes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of p53 and caspase 3, generation of reactive oxygen species, and a significant increase in the G2/M population made HepG2 more prone to apoptosis than are HeLa cells.
A hybrid gravitational search and pattern search algorithm for tuning damping controller parameters for a unified power flow controller—A comparative approach
Authors: Khadanga Rajendra Kumar , Satapathy Jitendriya Kumar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper mainly focuses on the development of a hybrid gravitational search algorithm and the pattern search (hGSA‐PS) algorithm for the optimal tuning of a unified power flow controller (UPFC) ‐based damping controller. The optimal parameter assessment for a damping controller craves a decisive tuning method, which can reduce the system error, thus improves the system stability. The design problem associated with the proposed controllers is formulated as an optimization problem and the hGSA‐PS is used to find the UPFC‐based damping controller parameters. Thus, by achieving the optimal settings of the variables of the damping controller, the damping of the system is reduced, and concurrently stability of the system is maintained. A detailed investigation is carried out considering the 4 alternatives UPFC‐based damping controller. As evidence, the numerous system response curves confirm that the planned hybrid GSA‐PS algorithm achieves improved performance compared with the conventional algorithms and the recent hybrid GA‐GSA algorithm. The proposed work basically compares the hGSA‐PS algorithm with the recent developed hybrid GA‐GSA algorithm and the conventional GSA algorithm by considering the convergence rate. Finally, the stability performance of a Simulink‐based 2 area 4‐machine power system is analyzed by applying the hGSA‐PS algorithm. From the simulation results, it can be presumed that the proposed hybrid approach is the best method for outlining the UPFC‐based damping controller.
Subtropical cyclones near‐term projections from an ensemble of regional climate models over the northeastern Atlantic basin
Authors: González‐Alemán Juan J. , Gaertner Miguel A. , Sánchez Enrique , Romera Raquel 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTSince nearly a decade ago, hybrid cyclones called subtropical cyclones (STCs) have attracted the attention of scientific and forecasting community due to their identification as damaging weather systems. Research about them has been so far focused on present climate data. A study of STCs under future climate scenarios has not been performed yet. For the first time, in this work we analyse the capability of regional climate models (RCMs) to simulate STCs in addition to searching for possible alterations in their frequency and intensity due to anthropogenic climate change over the subtropical northeastern Atlantic basin. By using an ensemble of three RCMs nested in four different global climate models (GCMs), we find that RCMs acceptably reproduce STCs (except for certain model combinations) for the historical climate period (1951–2000), giving support for the analysis of future climate results. In pure GCM simulations, no STCs are identified. For future climate conditions under A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios (2001–2050), more simulations indicate a decrease in the frequency of STCs than those which find an increase. This decrease is showed to be partially due to a reduced presence of extratropical cyclones, from which they tend to form, within that region. However, no strong agreement between simulations has been obtained, and other factors like the changes in the conversion rate could affect STCs in the future. With respect to intensity, no clear tendency is found.
Extended phase graph formalism for systems with magnetization transfer and exchange
Authors: Malik Shaihan J. , Teixeira Rui Pedro A.G. , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeAn extended phase graph framework (EPG‐X) for modeling systems with exchange or magnetization transfer (MT) is proposed.TheoryEPG‐X models coupled two‐compartment systems by describing each compartment with separate phase graphs that exchange during evolution periods. There are two variants: EPG‐X(BM) for systems governed by the Bloch‐McConnell equations, and EPG‐X(MT) for the pulsed MT formalism. For the MT case, the “bound” protons have no transverse components, so their phase graph consists of only longitudinal states.MethodsThe EPG‐X model was validated against steady‐state solutions and isochromat‐based simulation of gradient‐echo sequences. Three additional test cases were investigated: (i) MT effects in multislice turbo spin‐echo; (ii) variable flip angle gradient‐echo imaging of the type used for MR fingerprinting; and (iii) water exchange in multi‐echo spin‐echo T2 relaxometry.ResultsEPG‐X was validated successfully against isochromat based transient simulations and known steady‐state solutions. EPG‐X(MT) simulations matched in‐vivo measurements of signal attenuation in white matter in multislice turbo spin‐echo images. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting–style experiments with a bovine serum albumin (MT) phantom showed that the data were not consistent with a single‐pool model, but EPG‐X(MT) could be used to fit the data well. The EPG‐X(BM) simulations of multi‐echo spin‐echo T2 relaxometry suggest that exchange could lead to an underestimation of the myelin‐water fraction.ConclusionsThe EPG‐X framework can be used for modeling both steady‐state and transient signal response of systems exhibiting exchange or MT. This may be particularly beneficial for relaxometry approaches that rely on characterizing transient rather than steady‐state sequences. Magn Reson Med 80:767–779, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Trajectories of impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Insights from the Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials cohort
Authors: Thakore Nimish J. , Lapin Brittany R. , Pioro Erik P. ,   Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Rate of decline of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS‐R) score is a common outcome measure and a powerful predictor of mortality in ALS. Methods: Observed rate of decline (postslope) of ALSFRS‐R, its linearity, and its relationship to decline at first visit (preslope) were examined in the Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials cohort by using longitudinal mixed effects models. Results: Mean ALSFRS‐R postslope in 3,367 patients was −0.99 points/month. Preslope and postslope were correlated and had powerful effects on survival. ALSFRS‐R trajectories were slightly accelerated overall, but slope and direction/degree of curvature varied. Subscore decline was sequential by site of onset. Respiratory subscore decline was the least steep. Discussion: Variable curvilinearity of ALSFRS‐R trajectories confounds interpretation in clinical studies that assume linear decline. Subscore trajectories recapitulate phenotypic diversity and topographical progression of ALS. ALSFRS‐R is better used as a multidimensional measure. Muscle Nerve 57: 937–945, 2018
Fully adaptive kernel‐based methods
Authors: Ling Leevan , Chiu Sung Nok 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBy exploiting the meshless property of kernel‐based collocation methods, we propose a fully automatic numerical recipe for solving interpolation/regression and boundary value problems adaptively. The proposed algorithm is built upon a least squares collocation formulation on some quasi‐random point sets with low discrepancy. A novel strategy is proposed to ensure that the fill distances of data points in the domain and on the boundary are in the same order of magnitude. To circumvent the potential problem of ill‐conditioning due to extremely small separation distance in the point sets, we add an extra dimension to the data points for generating shape parameters such that nearby kernels are of distinctive shape. This effectively eliminates the needs of shape parameter identification. Resulting linear systems were then solved by a greedy trial space algorithm to improve the robustness of the algorithm. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods.
Early predictors of weight loss in a 1‐year behavioural weight‐loss programme
Authors: James B. L. , Roe L. S. , Loken E. , Rolls B. J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveIdentifying early predictors of weight loss is key for developing personalized treatment. However, few individual factors have been identified that predict weight loss during intervention, other than early weight loss itself.MethodsWomen with overweight or obesity (n = 186, mean ± SD age 50.0 ± 10.6 years, body mass index 34.0 ± 4.2 kg m−2) participated in the Portion‐Control Strategies Trial, a 1‐year randomized controlled weight‐loss trial with three intervention groups. Early changes in eating behaviours and psychological factors were evaluated by questionnaires at baseline and Month 1. The influence of these early changes on the trajectory of weight loss from baseline to Months 3 and 12 was assessed by random coefficients models.ResultsAlthough there were no differences in weight loss between intervention groups at the end of the trial, certain individual factors were shown to predict both early weight loss at Month 3 and longer‐term weight loss at Month 12. Across all participants, increases in dietary restraint and healthy lifestyle ratings in the first month predicted more rapid weight loss from baseline to Month 3 (P < 0.05) and also predicted more rapid weight loss and slower regain from baseline to Month 12 (both P < 0.01). Early attendance and changes in disinhibition were not associated with subsequent weight loss.ConclusionsChanges in psychological and behavioural measures, such as restraint, in the first month of weight loss intervention predicted longer‐term weight loss in women. Early additional support or tailored treatment could promote long‐term success by reinforcing these behaviours.
Salt‐induced formation of DNA double helices from single stranded DNA investigated by analytical ultracentrifugation
Authors: Wu Sha , Gong Xiangjun , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe effect of monovalent and divalent cations on the ssDNA to dsDNA transformation was systematically examined. For salts containing monovalent cations (LiCl, NaC1, KCl, CsCl), the conversion of ssDNA to dsDNA increased with ionic strength up to a value of I = 0.01 M and then plateaued, confirming that all four of the monovalent cations behaved similarly and promoted the formation of dsDNA. The monovalent cation type influenced the equilibrium constant for the conversion of ssDNA to dsDNA, indicating a degree of ion‐specificity in dsDNA formation. In the case of salts containing divalent cations (e.g., MgCl2), the conversion of ssDNA to dsDNA also increased with increasing ionic strength, though the plateau region was reached at a much lower ionic strength (I = 5.0 × 10−4 M), which can be attributed to the higher electrostatic screening efficiency of Mg2+ cations and thus their superior ability to link DNA chains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 501–508
Robust finite‐time consensus formation control for multiple nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots via output feedback
Authors: Cheng Yingying , Jia Ruting , Du Haibo , Wen Guanghui , Zhu Wenwu 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe finite‐time formation control for multiple nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots with a leader‐following structure is studied. Different from the existing results, the considered mobile robot has the following features: (i) a higher‐order dynamic model, (ii) the robot's velocities cannot be measured, and (iii) there are external disturbances. To solve the problem, a finite‐time consensus formation control algorithm via output feedback is explicitly given. At the first step, some finite‐time convergent observers are skillfully constructed to estimate both the unknown velocity information and the disturbance in finite time by imposing certain assumptions on the disturbances. Then, on the basis of the integral sliding‐mode control method, a disturbance observer‐based finite‐time output feedback controller is developed. Rigorous proof shows that the finite‐time formation can be achieved in finite time. An example is finally given to verify the efficiency of the proposed method.
Transmission of heat modes across a potential barrier
Authors: Rosenblatt Amir , Lafont Fabien , Levkivskyi Ivan , Sabo Ron , Gurman Itamar , Banitt Daniel , Heiblum Moty , Umansky Vladimir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractControlling the transmission of electrical current using a quantum point contact constriction paved a way to a large variety of experiments in mesoscopic physics. The increasing interest in heat transfer in such systems fosters questions about possible manipulations of quantum heat modes that do not carry net charge (neutral modes). Here we study the transmission of upstream neutral modes through a quantum point contact in fractional hole-conjugate quantum Hall states. Employing two different measurement techniques, we were able to render the relative spatial distribution of these chargeless modes with their charged counterparts. In these states, which were found to harbor more than one downstream charge mode, the upstream neutral modes are found to flow with the inner charge mode—as theoretically predicted. These results unveil a universal upstream heat current structure and open the path for more complex engineering of heat flows and cooling mechanisms in quantum nano-electronic devices.
Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Incident Cancer in China: A Prospective Study Among 0.5 Million Chinese Adults
Authors: Pan Xiong-Fei , He Meian , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Wu Tangchun , Chen Zhengming , Pan An , Li Liming ,   China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Using data from the China Kadoorie Biobank Study, we conducted a prospective investigation on the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer risk in Chinese adults. A total of 508,892 participants (mean age = 51.5 (standard deviation, 10.7) years) without prior cancer diagnosis at baseline (2004–2008) were included. We documented 17,463 incident cancer cases during follow-up through December 31, 2013. Participants with T2DM had increased risks of total and certain site-specific cancers; hazard ratios were 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.19) for total cancer, 1.51 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.76) for liver cancer, 1.86 (95% CI: 1.43, 2.41) for pancreatic cancer, and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.47) for female breast cancer. The associations were largely consistent when physician-diagnosed and screen-detected T2DM were analyzed separately, except for colorectal cancer (for physician-diagnosed T2DM, HR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.13), and for screen-detected T2DM, HR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.77)). In participants without a prior diagnosis of T2DM, higher random blood glucose levels were positively associated with risks of total cancer, liver cancer, and female breast cancer (all P’s for trend ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, T2DM is associated with an increased risk of new-onset cancer in China, particularly cancers of the liver, pancreas, and female breast.
Validity of Teleneuropsychological Assessment in Older Patients with Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Wadsworth Hannah E , Dhima Kaltra , Womack Kyle B , Hart John , Weiner Myron F , Hynan Linda S , Cullum C Munro 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objective
The feasibility and reliability of neuropsychological assessment at a distance have been demonstrated, but the validity of this testing medium has not been adequately demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of video teleconferencing administration of neuropsychological measures (teleneuropsychology) in discriminating cognitively impaired from non-impaired groups of older adults. It was predicted that measures administered via video teleconference would distinguish groups and that the magnitude of differences between impaired and non-impaired groups would be similar to group differences achieved in traditional administration.

Methods
The sample consisted of 197 older subjects, separated into two groups, with and without cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment group included 78 individuals with clinical diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease. All participants completed counterbalanced neuropsychological testing using alternate test forms in both a teleneuropsychology and a traditional face-to-face (FTF) administration condition. Tests were selected based upon their common use in dementia evaluations, brevity, and assessment of multiple cognitive domains. Results from FTF and teleneuropsychology test conditions were compared using individual repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for age, education, gender, and depression scores.

Results
All ANCOVA models revealed significant main effects of group and a non-significant interaction between group and administration condition. All ANCOVA models revealed non-significant main effects for administration condition, except category fluency.

Conclusions
Results derived from teleneuropsychologically administered tests can distinguish between cognitively impaired and non-impaired individuals similar to traditional FTF assessment. This adds to the growing teleneuropsychology literature by supporting the validity of remote assessments in aging populations.
Sources of Parent-Child Transmission of Drug Abuse
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
To clarify the origins of parent-child resemblance for drug abuse (DA), using national Swedish data, we fit path models to information on DA in parents and children from six informative family types: i) not-lived-with father, ii) not-lived-with mother, iii) stepfather, iv) stepmother, v) triparental, and vi) adoptive. From these families, we estimated parent-offspring resemblance reflecting the effects of genes + rearing, genes only, and rearing only. The estimates of parent-offspring correlations were statistically homogenous across family types. The weighted estimate of the father-offspring correlation for DA for genes + rearing, genes-only, and rearing-only relationships were, respectively, +0.26, +0.19, and +0.06. Parallel figures for mother-offspring relationships were +0.19, +0.13, and +0.09. In both genes + rearing and genes-only parent-offspring relationships, DA correlations were stronger for fathers than for mothers. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute substantially to parent-offspring resemblance for DA and seem to be additive.
Ubiquitin ligase LNX1 is a major regulator of glycine recapture by the presynaptic transporter GlyT2
Authors: Núñez E , Arribas-González E , López-Corcuera B , Aragón C , de Juan-Sanz J 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2 is an essential regulator of glycinergic neurotransmission that recaptures glycine in presynaptic terminals to facilitate quantal transmitter packaging in synaptic vesicles. Alterations in GlyT2 expression or activity result in lower cytosolic glycine levels, emptying glycinergic synaptic vesicles and impairing neurotransmission. Lack of glycinergic neurotransmission caused by GlyT2 loss-of-function mutations results in Hyperekplexia, a rare neurological disease characterized by generalized stiffness and motor alterations that may result in sudden infant death. Although the importance of GlyT2 in pathology is known, how this transporter is regulated at the molecular level is poorly understood, limiting current therapeutic strategies. Guided by an unbiased screening, we discovered that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Ligand of Numb protein X1 (LNX1) modulates the ubiquitination status of GlyT2. LNX1 ubiquitinates a cytoplasmic C-terminal lysine cluster in GlyT2 (K751, K773, K787 and K791) through its N-terminal RING-finger domain, and this process regulates the expression levels and transport activity of GlyT2 in neurons. These experiments reveal for the first time the identity of an E3 ubiquitin-ligase acting on GlyT2 and identify a novel regulatory mechanism by which neurons regulate GlyT2 expression and activity.