bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability‐based and life‐cycle cost‐oriented design recommendations for prestressed concrete bridge girders
Authors: Yanaka Makoto , Hooman Ghasemi Seyed , Nowak Andrzej S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThere are several methods available to decide appropriate design recommendations to prevent corrosion of reinforcing steel in prestressed concrete bridge girders. With respect to chloride‐induced corrosion, in the present study two methods are considered. The first one is based on the target probability of corrosion initiation and the initial cost. The other method is based on the life‐cycle cost that includes the initial cost, maintenance cost, and expected failure cost. This paper deals with the development of recommendations for durability design of structures in marine environments from the reliability point of view, taking into consideration the life‐cycle cost of a structure. In order to address the problem, the chloride diffusion coefficient of a cracked area under service load is obtained considering opening and closing motion of cracks. Utilizing the diffusion coefficient of a cracked area, the development over time of the chloride concentration at the surface of reinforcement can be predicted. This information is used to quantify the probability of initiation of corrosion of prestressing steel as well as the distribution of life‐cycle cost. Based on the findings, recommendations for durability design in various exposure environments are developed.
Downregulation of human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) by organophosphate pesticides in HepG2 cells
Authors: Medina‐Díaz Irma Martha , Ponce‐Ruiz Néstor , Ramírez‐Chávez Bryana , Rojas‐García Aurora Elizabeth , Barrón‐Vivanco Briscia S. , Elizondo Guillermo , Bernal‐Hernández Yael Y. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTParaoxonase 1 (PON1) is a calcium‐dependent esterase synthesized primarily in the liver and secreted into the plasma where it is associated with high‐density lipoproteins (HDL). PON1 hydrolyzes and detoxifies some toxic metabolites of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) such as methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos. Thus, PON1 activity and expression levels are important for determining susceptibility against OPs poisoning. Some studies have demonstrated that OPs can modulate gene expression through interactions with nuclear receptors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on the modulation of PON1 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cells by real‐time PCR, PON1 activity assay, and western blot. The results showed that the treatments with methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos decreased PON1 mRNA and immunoreactive protein and increased inflammatory cytokines in HepG2 cells. The effects of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on the downregulation of PON1 gene expression in HepG2 cells may provide evidence of OPs cytotoxicity related to oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. A decrease in the expression of the PON1 gene may increase the susceptibility to OPs intoxication and the risk of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 490–500, 2017.
Melatonin attenuates 60Co γ‐ray‐induced hematopoietic, immunological and gastrointestinal injuries in C57BL/6 male mice
Authors: Khan Shahanshah , Adhikari Jawahar Singh , Rizvi Moshahid Alam , Chaudhury Nabo Kumar 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTProtection of hematopoietic, immunological, and gastrointestinal injuries from deleterious effects of ionizing radiation is prime rational for developing radioprotector. The objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the radioprotective potential of melatonin against damaging effects of radiation‐induced hematopoietic, immunological, and gastrointestinal injuries in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were intraperitoneally administered with melatonin (50–150 mg/kg) 30 min prior to whole‐body radiation exposure of 5 and 7.5 Gy using 60Co‐teletherapy unit. Thirty‐day survival against 7.5 Gy was monitored. Melatonin (100 mg/kg) pretreatment showed 100% survival against 7.5 Gy radiation dose. Melatonin pretreatment expanded femoral HPSCs, and inhibited spleenocyte DNA strands breaks and apoptosis in irradiated mice. At this time, it also protected radiation‐induced loss of T cell sub‐populations in spleen. In addition, melatonin pretreatment enhanced crypts regeneration and increased villi number and length in irradiated mice. Translocation of gut bacteria to spleen, liver and kidney were controlled in irradiated mice pretreated with melatonin. Radiation‐induced gastrointestinal DNA strand breaks, lipid peroxidation, and expression of proapoptotic‐p53, Bax, and antiapoptotic‐Bcl‐xL proteins were reversed in melatonin pretreated mice. This increase of Bcl‐xL was associated with the decrease of Bax/Bcl‐xL ratio. ABTS and DPPH radical assays revealed that melatonin treatment alleviated total antioxidant capacity in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal tissues. Present study demonstrated that melatonin pretreatment was able to prevent hematopoietic, immunological, and gastrointestinal radiation‐induced injury, therefore, overcoming lethality in mice. These results suggest potential of melatonin in developing radioprotector for protection of bone marrow, spleen, and gastrointestine in planned radiation exposure scenarios including radiotherapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 501–518, 2017.
Facing Time in Ischemic Stroke: An Alternative Hypothesis for Collateral Failure
Authors: Pham M. , Bendszus M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Several randomized-controlled trials could recently demonstrate that ischemic stroke which is caused by large-cerebral-artery-occlusion can be treated effectively by endovascular recanalization. Among these studies, particularly the data from the ESCAPE study further corroborated the strong association between macrovascular pial collateral flow (before recanalization) and clinical outcome after recanalization. This review briefly gives an overview on these data and on the clinical key observations demonstrating this association in practice. Since the ischemic penumbra can only be sustained by collateral flow, the collapse of collateral blood flow or poor collateral filling, observed for example by DSA or CTA before recanalization, seems to be a primary cause of rapidly progressive infarction and futile therapeutic recanalization. However, it needs to be emphasized that the true cause-effect relationship between collateral failure and rapidly progressive infarction of the penumbra, i.e. the high probability of unfavorable clinical outcome despite recanalization, remains unclear. Along this line, an alternative hypothesis is offered viewing the collapse of collateral flow not as a cause but possibly as an inevitable secondary consequence of increasing peripheral/microvascular resistance during progressive infarction.
A language-independent proof system for full program equivalence
Authors: Ciobâcă Ştefan , Lucanu Dorel , Rusu Vlad , Roşu Grigore 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwo programs are fully equivalent if, for the same input, either they both diverge or they both terminate with the same result. Full equivalence is an adequate notion of equivalence for programs written in deterministic languages. It is useful in many contexts, such as capturing the correctness of program transformations within the same language, or capturing the correctness of compilers between two different languages. In this paper we introduce a language-independent proof system for full equivalence, which is parametric in the operational semantics of two languages and in a state-similarity relation. The proof system is sound: a proof tree establishes the full equivalence of the programs given to it as input. We illustrate it on two programs in two different languages (an imperative one and a functional one), that both compute the Collatz sequence. The Collatz sequence is an interesting case study since it is not known whether the sequence terminates or not; nevertheless, our proof system shows that the two programs are fully equivalent (even if we cannot establish termination or divergence of either one).
Tumor de células gigantes de la vaina tendinosa de la mano. Estudio de la epidemiología, eficacia de las pruebas de imagen en su diagnóstico y análisis de la recidiva
Authors: Codesal A. , Maldonado J.A. , Benavente P. 
Published: March 2016

Objetivos: Conocer la capacidad diagnóstica de las diferentes pruebas de imagen empleadas en nuestro centro. Valorar si la distribución de las diferentes variables que definen la tumoración es la misma en los tumores con y sin recidiva.Material y método: Se valoraron 54 casos de tumor de células gigantes de la vaina tendinosa de la mano. En todos se realizó una radiografía, en 19 ecografía y en 7 resonancia magnética. Los datos analizados fueron: sexo, edad, antecedente traumático, dedo afecto, localización, resultado de las pruebas de imagen, características anatomopatológicas de la tumoración (tamaño y número de nódulos), y presencia o no de recidiva.Resultados: Se objetivó 1,7 mujeres por cada varón. La mano derecha y el segundo dedo fueron las localizaciones más frecuentes. Ninguna radiografía fue diagnóstica; la ecografía tuvo un valor predictivo positivo de 36,8% y la resonancia magnética de 71,4%. Hubo 6 casos de recidiva, sin relación estadísticamente significativa entre la recidiva y el tamaño, el número de nódulos o la artrosis.Conclusión: La resonancia magnética tiene una capacidad diagnóstica superior a la ecografía, y esta, superior a la radiografía simple. No se ha encontrado ninguna asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la recidiva de la lesión y los factores estudiados.
La Palabre: A New Schema for Global Health
Authors: Luan William Patrick , Reed Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa has led to a paradigm shift in the way the global community responds to outbreaks of disease. This new paradigm places even greater emphasis on collaboration in global health. Thepalabre,the traditional African practice of mediation and decision-making in the public sphere, offers a schema from which to view current and future global health engagement. This process of dialogue and exchange has many applications to global health exemplified recently by the West African Disaster Preparedness Initiative (WADPI), a follow-on activity to the Operation United Assistance (OUA) Ebola Response effort. WADPI, utilizing the structure of apalabre,seeks to catalyze and synergize constructive collaboration to set a foundation for disaster response in West Africa for years to come. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:541–543)
Substitutions of red meat, poultry and fish and risk of myocardial infarction
Authors: Würtz Anne M. L. , Hansen Mette D. , Tjønneland Anne , Rimm Eric B. , Schmidt Erik B. , Overvad Kim , Jakobsen Marianne U. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRed meat has been suggested to be adversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but previous studies have rarely taken replacement foods into consideration. We aimed to investigate optimal substitutions between and within the food groups of red meat, poultry and fish for MI prevention. We followed up 55 171 women and men aged 50–64 years with no known history of MI at recruitment. Diet was assessed by a validated 192-item FFQ at baseline. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for specified food substitutions of 150 g/week. During a median follow-up time of 13·6 years, we identified 656 female and 1694 male cases. Among women, the HR for replacing red meat with fatty fish was 0·76 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·89), whereas the HR for replacing red meat with lean fish was 1·00 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·14). Similarly, replacing poultry with fatty but not lean fish was inversely associated with MI: the HR was 0·81 (95 % CI 0·67, 0·98) for fatty fish and was 1·08 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·27) for lean fish. The HR for replacing lean with fatty fish was 0·75 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·94). Replacing processed with unprocessed red meat was not associated with MI. Among men, a similar pattern was found, although the associations were not statistically significant. This study suggests that replacing red meat, poultry or lean fish with fatty fish is associated with a lower risk of MI.
Associations between fruit, vegetable and legume intakes and prostate cancer risk: results from the prospective Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort
Authors: Diallo Abou , Deschasaux Mélanie , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Zelek Laurent , Latino-Martel Paule , Touvier Mathilde 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough experimental studies suggest that fruits, vegetables and legumes may exert protective effects against prostate carcinogenesis through various bioactive compounds such as dietary fibre and antioxidants, epidemiological evidence is lacking. Notably, very few prospective studies have investigated the relationship between legume intake and prostate cancer risk. Our objective was to prospectively investigate the association between fruit, vegetable, tomato products, potatoes and legume intakes and prostate cancer risk. This study included 3313 male participants to the SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants cohort (follow-up: 1994–2007) who completed at least three 24-h dietary records during the first 2 years of follow-up. Associations between tertiles of intake and prostate cancer risk were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. After a median follow-up of 12·6 years, 139 incident prostate cancers were diagnosed. An inverse association was observed between prostate cancer risk and tertiles of legume intake (hazard ratio (HR)T3v.T1=0·53; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·85; Ptrend=0·009). This association was maintained after excluding soya and soya products from the legume group (HRT3 v.T1=0·56; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·89; Ptrend=0·02). No association was observed between prostate cancer risk and tertiles of intakes of fruits (Ptrend=0·25), vegetables (Ptrend=0·91), potatoes (Ptrend=0·77) and tomato products (Ptrend=0·09). This prospective study confirms the null association between fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes and prostate cancer risk observed in most previous cohorts. In contrast, although very few prospective studies have been published on the topic, our results suggest an inverse association between legume intake and prostate cancer risk, supported by mechanistic plausibility. These results should be confirmed by large-scale observational and intervention studies.
‘I AM GOING TO SAY … ’: A SIGN ON THE ROAD OF HERODOTUS’ LOGOS
Authors: Wood Clem 
Published: March 2016

Er ist der Wanderer, der genau weiß, wohin er schließlich kommen will, auch genau die Hauptstationen seines Weges vorher festgelegt hat und innehält, der sich aber dabei Zeit läßt, um alles Schöne und Interessante, das die Gegend bietet, zu betrachten, und selbst lange Seitenwege zu diesem Zwecke nicht zu scheuen braucht, da er weiß, daß er die Hauptstraße am richtigen Punkte wieder erreichen wird.M. Pohlenz, Herodot, der erste Geschichtschreiber des Abendlandes (1937)Anyone familiar with Greek literature knows at once that this can describe no author but Herodotus. As readers have long recognized, travel is a crucial element of Herodotus’ persona not only as an historian and ethnographer but also as a narrator, to the extent that he has been called a tourist and a guide. Pohlenz draws his vivid metaphor from Herodotus himself, who assimilates movement through his narrative to movement through space by several well-known narratorial habits: he points out ‘paths’ of logoi (1.95.1: λόγων ὁδούς), goes out of his way to justify so-called ‘digressions’ (or Exkurse) and frequently uses verbs of movement to return to earlier narratives or to preview upcoming ones. However, most scholars have overlooked one important feature by which Herodotus creates this sense of progress through his logoi, although it appears in the programmatic sentence that begins his whole network of narrative signposts and recurs in his voice in the first half of the Histories and in important speeches in the second.
Defining the polyposis/colorectal cancer phenotype associated with the Ashkenazi GREM1 duplication: counselling and management recommendations
Authors: ZIAI JAMES , MATLOFF ELLEN , CHOI JAEHYUK , KOMBO NINANI , MATERIN MIGUEL , BALE ALLEN E. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryHereditary mixed polyposis is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal dominant condition with adenomatous, hyperplastic and juvenile polyps. We conducted a comprehensive clinical evaluation of a large Ashkenazi Jewish family with this phenotype and performed extensive genetic testing. As seen in one previous report, a 40 kb duplication upstream of GREM1 segregated with the polyposis/colon cancer phenotype in this kindred. Our study confirms the association of GREM1 with mixed polyposis and further defines the phenotype seen with this mutation. This gene should be included in the test panel for all Jewish patients with mixed polyposis and may be considered in any Ashkenazi patient with unexplained hereditary colon cancer when mutations in other hereditary colon cancer genes have been ruled out.
A decision support system for the control of Campylobacter in chickens at farm level using data from Denmark
Authors: GARCIA A. B. , MADSEN A. L. , VIGRE H. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe control ofCampylobacterin poultry is considered a public health priority and some intervention strategies have been implemented in Denmark. Nonetheless,Campylobacterinfection in poultry can still be considerable particularly during the summer when the most promisingCampylobactercontrol strategy seems to be the use of fly screens. The use of cost-effective vaccines againstCampylobacteris also desirable. In order to controlCampylobacter, poultry producers need to make crucial decisions under conditions of uncertainty. With the aim of assisting poultry producers in decision making regardingCampylobactercontrol strategies, the objective of the present study was to produce a decision support system that integrated knowledge and used a Bayesian approach to handle uncertainty. This decision support system integrated epidemiological data, microbiological considerations, financial information and potential control strategies (the use of fly screens and hypothetical vaccines). In conclusion, results from model and sensitivity analyses indicated that the financial variables (cost–benefit functions) and the effectiveness of the different control strategies drove the results.
The prosocial benefits of seeing purpose in life events: A case of cultural selection in action?
Authors: Banerjee Konika 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNorenzayan et al. propose that religious beliefs with incidental prosocial effects propagated via a long-term process of cultural evolution. Applying their model, I explore a possible candidate target of cultural selection: the teleological view – often culturally elaborated as a belief in karma or fate – that life events occur to punish or reward individuals’ moral behavior.
Monotheism versus an innate bias towards mentalizing
Authors: Costello Fintan John 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNorenzayan et al.’s account for the spread of monotheistic “Big God” religions sees these religions originating as by-products of innate cognitive biases. These biases produce polytheistic rather than monotheistic systems, however, and so do not explain the origin of monotheism. Accounts where monotheism arises from polytheism (for political reasons, for example) appear better able to explain the spread of monotheism.
Mind God's mind: History, development, and teaching
Authors: Demetriou Andreas , Makris Nikos , Pnevmatikos Dimitris 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe dispute the target article that belief in Big Gods facilitated development of large societies and suggest that the direction of causality might be inverted. We also suggest that plain theory of mind (ToM), although necessary, is not sufficient to conceive Big Gods. Grasp of other aspects of the mind is required. However, this theory is useful for the teaching of religion.
Awe: A direct pathway from extravagant displays to prosociality
Authors: Ejova Anastasia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhereas Norenzayan et al. describe extravagant displays as a reliable means of belief transmission, this commentary reviews three emerging hypotheses about a direct connection between the awe elicited by extravagant displays and prosocial behaviour. If some of these hypotheses are correct, extravagant displays enhanced prosociality even among nonbelievers. Methodological suggestions are made for future experimental research on the awe–prosociality pathway.
Let us be careful with the evidence on mentalizing, cognitive biases, and religious beliefs
Authors: Lindeman Marjaana , Svedholm-Häkkinen Annika M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNorenzayan et al.’s theoretical synthesis is highly plausible and commendable. However, the empirical evidence for the arguments on mentalizing, cognitive biases, and religious belief is currently not as strong as the writers suggest. Although certainly abundant and compelling, this evidence is indirect, contradictory, and weak and must be acknowledged as such. More direct studies are needed to support the theory.
Divorcing the puzzles: When group identities foster in-group cooperation
Authors: Seewald Daniel , Hechler Stefanie , Kessler Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe argue that general social psychological mechanisms (e.g., common group identity) can account for prosocial behavior and cooperative norms without the need for punishing Big Gods. Moreover, prosocial religions often do not prevent conflict within their religious groups. Hence, we doubt whether Big Gods and prosocial religions are more effective than alternative identities in enhancing high-level cooperation.
Explicit generators for the relation module in the example of Gruenberg–Linnell
Authors: MANNAN W. H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGruenberg and Linnell showed that the standard relation module of a free product of n groups of the form Cr × $\mathbb{Z}$ could be generated by just n + 1 generators, raising the possibility of a relation gap. We explicitly give such a set of generators.
Evaluating consumer commonality leveraging consumer specific design information
Authors: Cormier Phillip , Lewis Kemper 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhen developing a product, designers must decide what consumer variation will be addressed and how they will address it, because each consumer has a unique set of human factors, preferences, personal knowledge, and solution constraints. Numerous design methodologies exist to support the design of a product or set of products that address this consumer variation. However, currently there is little work supporting the selection of a design methodology, resulting in anad hocora prioridecision before conceptual design begins. This paper presents an affordance-based design method for use prior to conceptual design to help designers understand the consumer variation that is present. This facilitates the creation of a product or set of products that meets the demands of both the consumer(s) and the organization that is developing the product. Once consumer variation is understood, conceptual design can be performed with a more complete understanding of the overall problem.