bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐history evolution in response to changes in metapopulation structure in an arthropod herbivore
Authors: De Roissart Annelies , Wybouw Nicky , Renault David , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Bonte Dries 
Published: November 2015

Summary

The persistence and dynamics of populations largely depend on the way they are configured and integrated into space and the ensuing eco‐evolutionary dynamics.

We manipulated spatial and temporal variation in patch size in replicated experimental metapopulations of the herbivore mite Tetranychus urticae and followed evolutionary dynamics over approximately 30 generations.

A significant divergence in life‐history traits, physiological endpoints and gene expression was recorded in the spatially and spatiotemporally variable metapopulation, but also a remarkable convergence relative to the stable reference metapopulation in traits related to size and fecundity and in its transcriptional regulation.

The observed evolutionary dynamics are tightly linked to demographic changes, more specifically frequent episodes of resource shortage that increased the reproductive performance of mites on tomato, a challenging host plant. This points towards a general, adaptive stress response in stable spatial variable and spatiotemporal variable metapopulations that pre‐adapts a herbivore arthropod to novel environmental stressors.
3D surface‐wave estimation and separation using a closed‐loop approach
Authors: Ishiyama T. , Blacquière G. , Verschuur D.J. , Mulder W. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSurface waves in seismic data are often dominant in a land or shallow‐water environment. Separating them from primaries is of great importance either for removing them as noise for reservoir imaging and characterization or for extracting them as signal for near‐surface characterization. However, their complex properties make the surface‐wave separation significantly challenging in seismic processing. To address the challenges, we propose a method of three‐dimensional surface‐wave estimation and separation using an iterative closed‐loop approach. The closed loop contains a relatively simple forward model of surface waves and adaptive subtraction of the forward‐modelled surface waves from the observed surface waves, making it possible to evaluate the residual between them. In this approach, the surface‐wave model is parameterized by the frequency‐dependent slowness and source properties for each surface‐wave mode. The optimal parameters are estimated in such a way that the residual is minimized and, consequently, this approach solves the inverse problem. Through real data examples, we demonstrate that the proposed method successfully estimates the surface waves and separates them out from the seismic data. In addition, it is demonstrated that our method can also be applied to undersampled, irregularly sampled, and blended seismic data.
The Effect of Time on Bone Fluorescence: Implications for Using Alternate Light Sources to Search for Skeletal Remains
Authors: Swaraldahab Mohamed A. H. , Christensen Angi M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBones fluoresce when exposed to certain wavelengths of shortwave light, and this property can be useful in locating and sorting skeletal remains in forensic contexts. The proteins in bone collagen are largely responsible for its fluorescent properties, but these proteins degrade and denature over time. This study examined the fluorescence of bones from four temporal groups (recent, semi‐recent, ancient, and historic) ranging from 0 to 1064 years before present. Specimens were photographed under 490 nm wavelength light, and fluorescence was quantified by converting intensity to a gray scale value based on the RGB color model using ImageJ® software. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in mean fluorescence between all four temporal groups, and a 0.324 coefficient of correlation indicates a significant (inverse) relationship between fluorescence and time. Bone fluorescence decreases with time, but some fluorescence is retained even in older samples. Fluorescence can therefore be reliably used in many modern skeletal remains searches.
Following the Money: Corruption, Conflict, and the Winners and Losers of Suburban Land Acquisition in China
Authors: Song Yanan , Wang Mark Yaolin , Lei Xiaoting 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLand acquisition in suburban China is not merely the administrative means through which land is transferred from collectively owned rural land to state‐owned urban land; it is also a process of unlawful profit grabbing by rent‐seeking stakeholders. This licentiousness has been the source of intense controversy in recent years, becoming a major source of social unrest in contemporary China. Although standards of compensation are legally governed by strict policies, these standards are rarely followed as prescribed. As a result, we know very little about how revenue from land acquisition is shared in practice. This is because, as a contentious political issue rife with corrupt practices, accurate data are extremely difficult to obtain. This paper aims to address this vast empirical gap by tracing the flow of profit proliferation and distribution in a land acquisition case, using a suburban village in Shandong province, China, as an example. To expedite the drawn‐out acquisition process, the local government permits the corrupt behaviour of the village party secretary, who exploits his position to amass a great personal fortune. In contrast to previous research, which emphasises low compensation standards or excessive profit grabbing by local government, we find that villagers' protests are triggered by the corrupt practices of the village party secretary.
Evidence for the effect of serotonin receptor 1A gene (HTR1A) polymorphism on tractability in Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Hori Y. , Tozaki T. , Nambo Y. , Sato F. , Ishimaru M. , Inoue‐Murayama M. , Fujita K. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryTractability, or how easily animals can be trained and controlled, is an important behavioural trait for the management and training of domestic animals, but its genetic basis remains unclear. Polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor 1A gene (HTR1A) have been associated with individual variability in anxiety‐related traits in several species. In this study, we examined the association between HTR1A polymorphisms and tractability in Thoroughbred horses. We assessed the tractability of 167 one‐year‐old horses reared at a training centre for racehorses using a questionnaire consisting of 17 items. A principal components analysis of answers contracted the data to five principal component (PC) scores. We genotyped two non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the horse HTR1A coding region. We found that one of the two SNPs, c.709G>A, which causes an amino acid change at the intracellular region of the receptor, was significantly associated with scores of four of five PCs in fillies (all Ps < 0.05) and one PC in colts (P < 0.01). Horses carrying an A allele at c.709G>A showed lower tractability. This result provides the first evidence that a polymorphism in a serotonin‐related gene may affect tractability in horses with the effect partially different depending on sex.
The Effect of Diode Laser With Different Parameters on Root Fracture During Irrigation Procedure
Authors: Karataş Ertuğrul , Arslan Hakan , Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan , Yılmaz Cenk Burak , Yeter Kübra Yesildal , Ayrancı Leyla Benan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare the effect of a single diode laser application and agitation of EDTA with diode laser with different parameters at different time intervals on root fracture. Ninety mandibular incisors were instrumented except the negative control group. The specimens were divided randomly into 10 groups according to final irrigation procedure: (G1) non‐instrumented; (G2) distilled water; (G3) 15% EDTA; (G4) ultrasonically agitated EDTA; (G5) single 1.5W/100 Hz Diode laser; (G6) single 3W/100 Hz Diode laser; (G7) 1.5W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 20 s; (G8) 1.5W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 40 s; (G9) 3W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 20 s; and (G10) 3W/100 Hz Diode laser agitation of EDTA for 40 s. The specimens were filled, mounted in acrylic resin, and compression strength test was performed on each specimen. Statistical analysis was carried out using one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (P = 0.05). The statistical analysis revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). Laser‐agitated irrigation with a 3W/100 Hz Diode laser for both 20 s and 40 s decreased the fracture resistance of teeth.
Continuous Metabolic Monitoring in Infant Cardiac Surgery: Toward an Individualized Cardiopulmonary Bypass Strategy
Authors: Torre Salvatore , Biondani Elisa , Menon Tiziano , Marchi Diego , Franzoi Mauro , Ferrarini Daniele , Tabbì Rocco , Hoxha Stiljan , Barozzi Luca , Faggian Giuseppe , Luciani Giovanni Battista 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants is associated with morbidity due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Strategies to mitigate SIRS include management of perfusion temperature, hemodilution, circuit miniaturization, and biocompatibility. Traditionally, perfusion parameters have been based on body weight. However, intraoperative monitoring of systemic and cerebral metabolic parameters suggest that often, nominal CPB flows may be overestimated. The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of continuous metabolic monitoring to manage CPB in infants during open‐heart repair. Between December 2013 and October 2014, 31 consecutive neonates, infants, and young children undergoing surgery using normothermic CPB were enrolled. There were 18 male and 13 female infants, aged 1.4 ± 1.7 years, with a mean body weight of 7.8 ± 3.8 kg and body surface area of 0.39 m2. The study was divided into two phases: (i) safety assessment; the first 20 patients were managed according to conventional CPB flows (150 mL/min/kg), except for a 20‐min test during which CPB was adjusted to the minimum flow to maintain MVO2 >70% and rSO2 >45% (group A); (ii) efficacy assessment; the following 11 patients were exclusively managed adjusting flows to maintain MVO2 >70% and rSO2 >45% for the entire duration of CPB (group B). Hemodynamic, metabolic, and clinical variables were compared within and between patient groups. Demographic variables were comparable in the two groups. In group A, the 20‐min test allowed reduction of CPB flows greater than 10%, with no impact on pH, blood gas exchange, and lactate. In group B, metabolic monitoring resulted in no significant variation of endpoint parameters, when compared with group A patients (standard CPB), except for a 10% reduction of nominal flows. There was no mortality and no neurologic morbidity in either group. Morbidity was comparable in the two groups, including: inotropic and/or mechanical circulatory support (8 vs. 1, group A vs. B, P = 0.07), reexploration for bleeding (1 vs. none, P = not significant [NS]), renal failure requiring dialysis (none vs. 1, P = NS), prolonged ventilation (9 vs. 4, P = NS), and sepsis (2 vs. 1, P = NS). The present study shows that normothermic CPB in neonates, infants, and young children can be safely managed exclusively by systemic and cerebral metabolic monitoring. This strategy allows reduction of at least 10% of predicted CPB flows under normothermia and may lay the ground for further tailoring of CPB parameters to individual patient needs.
Hemodynamic Response to Hemodialysis With Ultrafiltration Rate Profiles Either Gradually Decreasing or Gradually Increasing
Authors: Morales‐Alvarez Ricardo , Martínez‐Memije Raúl , Becerra‐Luna Brayans , García‐Paz Paola , Infante Oscar , Palma‐Ramírez Alfredo , Caviedes‐Aramburu Amaya , Vargas‐Barrón Jesús , Lerma Claudia , Pérez‐Grovas Héctor 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) is usually performed with the gradually decreasing ultrafiltration rate (UFR) profile (dUFR). The aim of the present study was to compare the hemodynamic response to HD with the dUFR to that of HD with the gradually increasing UFR profile (iUFR). The study population included 10 patients (three women, mean age: 28 ± 8 years) undergoing maintenance HD who had reached dry weight without taking antihypertensive medications. Each patient received (in random order) one HD session with the dUFR and another with the iUFR (both with 3 h total UFR = 2200 mL). Hemodynamic response was evaluated with a brachial blood pressure (BP) monitor, echocardiogram and Portapres to measure digital BP, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, and peripheral resistance. Mean values were compared at each HD hour during the first 3 h of a 4‐h HD session. The HD characteristics, including Kt/V, were similar for both UFR profiles. Relative blood volume decreased more gradually and linearly with the iUFR. Hemodynamic variables were not significantly different between the two profiles, but brachial BP was more stable with the iUFR. Digital diastolic BP increased with both profiles. Peripheral resistance increased with both profiles, and tended to increase more with the iUFR. Echocardiographic variables changed similarly during the HD session with both profiles. In conclusion, these two UFR profiles are similar in most hemodynamic variables. The statistical equivalence of both profiles suggests that either could be prescribed based on the clinical characteristics of the patient.
Effects of Interaction Between Ventricular Assist Device Assistance and Autoregulated Mock Circulation Including Frank–Starling Mechanism and Baroreflex
Authors: Jansen‐Park So‐Hyun , Mahmood Mohammad Nauzef , Müller Indra , Turnhoff Lisa Kathrin , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Sonntag Simon Johannes 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA mock heart circulation loop (MHCL) is a hydraulic model simulating the human circulatory system. It allows in vitro investigations of the interaction between cardiac assist devices and the human circulatory system. In this study, a preload sensitive MHCL, the MHCLAUTO, was developed to investigate the interaction between the left ventricle and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The Frank–Starling mechanism was modeled by regulating the stroke volume (SV) based on the measured mean diastolic left atrial pressure (MLAPdiast). The baroreflex autoregulation mechanism was implemented to maintain a constant mean aortic pressure (MAP) by varying ventricular contractility (Emax), heart rate (HR), afterload/systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and unstressed venous volume (UVV). The DP3 blood pump (Medos Medizintechnik GmbH) was used to simulate the LVAD. Characteristic parameters were measured in pathological conditions both with and without LVAD to assess the hemodynamic effect of LVAD on the MHCLAUTO. The results obtained from the MHCLAUTO show a high correlation to literature data. The study demonstrates the possibility of using the MHCLAUTO as a research tool to better understand the physiological interactions between cardiac implants and human circulation.
Non‐organic visual loss in children: prospective and retrospective analysis of associated psychosocial problems and stress factors
Authors: Somers Alix , Casteels Kristina , Van Roie Elke , Spileers Werner , Casteels Ingele 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo report on the prevalence of non‐organic visual loss (NOVL) and its associated psychopathology and psychosocial stress factors on children presenting with visual problems without an obvious cause at a routine ophthalmological examination.MethodsOne hundred and seventy children presented at our paediatric ophthalmology department between 2007 and 2014 with visual loss. Routine examination showed no obvious underlying cause. Pattern‐onset visual‐evoked potentials (pVEPs) were performed to obtain an objective visual assessment. Selected patients underwent more investigations, and follow‐up was organized in every child to differentiate organic visual loss (OVL) from NOVL. In the NOVL group, we retrospectively analysed the medical file data and prospectively the questionnaires completed by patients and their parents.ResultsEighty‐five children (50%) were diagnosed with OVL, the other 50% of children were diagnosed with NOVL. In the latter, girls predominated and the mean age was 11.0 years. The most common presenting symptom was binocular reduced visual acuity. pVEPs were normal in all patients.We categorized associated comorbidity in the NOVL group in three subgroups: malingering, psychosocial stressors and child psychiatric disorders.ConclusionNon‐organic visual loss in children is a common diagnosis in clinical practice. The diagnosis is made by recognition of characteristic features and by exclusion of organic disease. pVEP is a useful tool to obtain an objective visual acuity and to differentiate functional from organic vision loss. The prognosis in NOVL is good with a spontaneous recovery in the majority of patients. Ophthalmologists should be aware of possible underlying psychosocial and psychiatric disorders; referral can be necessary.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma. An Italian multicentre observational study
Authors: Floriani Irene , Quaranta Luciano , Rulli Eliana , Katsanos Andreas , Varano Luigi , Frezzotti Paolo , Rossi Gemma C. M. , Carmassi Luciana , Rolle Teresa , Ratiglia Roberto , Gandolfi Stefano , Fossarello Maurizio , Uva Maurizio , Hollander Lital , Poli Davide , Grignolo Federico ,   the Italian Study Group on QoL in glaucoma
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeAs a progressive condition, glaucoma may impair health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), due to vision loss and other factors. This study evaluated HRQoL in a cohort of patients treated for primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and assessed its association with clinical features.MethodsThis was an Italian, multicentre, cross‐sectional, observational study with the subgroup of newly diagnosed patients with POAG prospectively followed up for one year. Patients with previous or new diagnosis (or strong clinical suspicion) of POAG aged >18 years were considered eligible. Information was collected on demographic characteristics, medical history, clinical presentation and POAG treatments. HRQoL was measured using the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ‐25) and Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS). Subscale and total scores were obtained and a Pearson correlation coefficient between instruments’ scores calculated.ResultsA total of 3227 patients were enrolled from 2012 to 2013 and 3169 were analysed. Mean age was 66.9 years. A total of 93.8% had a previous diagnosis (median duration: 8.0 years). Median values for mean deviation and pattern standard deviation were 3.9 and 3.6 dB, respectively. Mean scores on most subscales of the NEI‐VFQ‐25 exceeded 75.0 and mean GSS subscale scores ranged between 70.8 and 79.7 (with a total mean score of 74.8). HRQoL scores on both scales were significantly inversely associated with POAG severity.ConclusionIn this large sample of Italians treated for POAG, disease severity was limited and HRQoL scores were high. QoL decreased with advancing disease severity. These findings confirm the role of vision loss in impairing QoL in POAG, underlying the importance of timely detection and appropriate treatment.
Anterior lens epithelial cells attachment to the basal lamina
Authors: Andjelic Sofija , Drašlar Kazimir , Hvala Anastazija , Lopic Nina , Strancar Janes , Hawlina Marko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo study the structure of the anterior lens epithelial cells (aLECs) and the contacts of the aLECs with the basal lamina (BL) in order to understand their role in the lens epithelium's function.MethodsThe aLCs (BL and associated aLECs) were obtained from routine uneventful cataract surgery, prepared for and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy.ResultsSEM shows that the basal surface of the aLECs (~10–15 μm) is with aLECs foldings (~1–3 μm) and extensions (~0.5–3 μm) attached to the BL. Confocal microscopy images of the basal sections of the aLECs after membrane staining also suggest that the basal part of aLECs has foldings (~1–3 μm). TEM shows in the aLECs basal parts, towards BL, the structures that look like entanglement (~1–4 μm). In cases where there is a swelling of the cytoplasm and offset of the aLECs from the BL, individual extensions (~0.5–2 μm) that extend to the BL are visible by TEM.ConclusionsWe provide detail evidence about the structural organization of the aLECs, in particular about their basal side which is in contact with the BL. This is supported by the complementary use of three techniques, SEM, TEM and confocal microscopy, each of them showing the same morphological features, the extensions and the entanglements of the aLECs cytoplasmic membrane at the border with the BL. The basal surface of the aLECs is increased. It suggests the functional importance of the contact between aLECs and BL.
Aberrant NEAT1 expression is associated with clinical outcome in high grade glioma patients
Authors: He Chengbiao , Jiang Bing , Ma Jianrong , Li Qiaoyu 
Published: November 2015

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 has been reported to play critical roles in various human tumor entities and related to the survival of patients with malignancies. However, little is known about the role of lncRNA NEAT1 in glioma patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of NEAT1 in human glioma and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in human glioma; we analyzed the relationship of lncRNA NEAT1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in glioma patients. In our results, the relative level of NEAT1 expression was higher in cancer tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (p < 0.001). High NEAT1 expression was observed to be closely correlated with larger tumor size (p = 0.023), higher WHO grade (p = 0.005), and recurrence (p = 0.011). Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with high NEAT1 expression showed unfavorable overall survival (OS) than the low NEAT1 expression group (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis results revealed that NEAT1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for OS in addition to postoperative chemoradiotherapy and WHO grade. Moreover, high NEAT1 expression in patients with stage III~IV disease and postoperative chemoradiotherapy conferred unfavorable OS (stage III~IV p = 0.002, postoperative chemoradiotherapy p = 0.000). This study supports NEAT1 as a potential prognostic predictor with its high expression in cancer tissues and its association with carcinogenesis and progression in glioma.
A pecking device as an environmental enrichment for caged laying hens
Authors: Moroki Yuko , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo improve the welfare of caged laying hens, a pecking device made of stones was introduced on the cage floor. Twenty‐four White Leghorn hens aged 15 months were divided into four groups: single‐housed hens with device, single‐housed control hens, pair‐housed hens with device and pair‐housed control hens. Hens housed with the device pecked at various pecking objects less often than control hens. Agonistic behavior was also lower in hens with the device than in hens without the device, implied a possibility of improvement in quality of pecking stimuli with the device. Not only time spent pecking, but also quality of pecking might be important to fill their need for stimulation. Both single‐ and pair‐housed hens more often pecked at the device in the evening. Response to various pecking objects also showed that pecking behaviors were most frequently expressed in the evening. Increased foraging at dusk is a well‐known habit; therefore, the increase in pecking behavior in the evening might reflect the hens' general circadian rhythm. These results indicate that the device made of stones could promote some instinctive behavior. Enhancement of behavioral repertories and reduced agonistic behavior with the pecking device might improve the welfare of caged laying hens.