bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Japanese Beetle and Northern Masked Chafer Larvae on a Golf Course Rough in Summit County, OHIO, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course rough at Akron, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 24 Aug to plots 8 X 10 ft (2.4 X 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Granular materials were applied using a drop spreader. All liquids were applied with a CO2 sprayer and TeeJet™ 8015 nozzles at 60 psi (4.22 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3 gal/1000 ft2 (1222 liter/ha). The entire experimental area received ½inch of posttreatment irrigation using the golf course system. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows: JB: approximately 12/ ft; 20% 1", 70% 2nd, 10% 3rd instars; NMC approximately 8/ft2; 20% 2nd, 80% 3rd instars; Turf: level, dry, 2.25 inch (5.7 cm) ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 25% annual bluegrass, 25% bentgrass, No thatch; Soil: moist, 72°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 72°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: sunny, 75°F, 0-2 mph (0-3 km/h). Efficacy data taken 27 Sep (30 DAT) were based on the number of live, in six 7 X 7 inch (17.8 X 17.8 cm) square samples from each plot.
Late Season Control of Mole Crickets on High Maintenance Turf in Texas, 1995
Authors: Reinert James A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course tee and green approach at the Austin Country Club, Austin, TX. The turf area was not uniformly infested with mole crickets, so a 2.5 x 2.5 m square of PVC pipe was individually placed on the highest infested areas and each plot was outlined with turf marking paint. Pre-treatment tunneling activity was determined by placing a 1 m2 PVC (subdivided into 25 grids) frame in the center of each plot and accessing the percent of grids with active tunneling activity (activity within a grid represented 4% damage). Plots were blocked according to infestation level in a RCB design with 5 replications. Plots were treated on 14 Aug, 1995. Treatments were applied with 2-gal pressurized sprayers and washed in with ca. 4 gal of water per plot. The measure of control was assessed by evaluating new tunneling activity the following two days after treatments. All tunneling activity was washed down with irrigation each evening so assays taken early the following morning would only reflect new tunneling that had occurred the previous night.
Efficacy of Merit and Tempo Against Annual Bluegrass Weevils, Golf Course Fairway, 1995
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Merit and Tempo were tested for efficacy against annual bluegrass weevil larvae on a golf course fairway in Scarborough, New York. The fairway consisted of 60% creeping bentgrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 10% perennial ryegrass, and was mowed at ca. 0.8 inches. Treatment plots were 7 ft by 7 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 7:00 and 8:15 AM on 2 May 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 52° F, light overcast following light overnight rain, calm; soil temp. (2 inch), 52° F; forsythia past peak blossom, flowering dogwood beginning to show color; soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.5; water pH, 7.0; thatch 0.6 inch thick with moderate density. The trial was irrigated with 0.1 inch water 30 min after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 12 June (41 DAT) by inspecting 12 cores (2.1 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, and recording the number of small (1st, 2nd, or 3rd instar), medium (4th instar), and large (5th instar) larvae, pupae, and adults. At the time of sampling, the population was: 7% small larvae, 18% medium larvae, 62% large larvae, 13% pupae. Each observation consisted of 3 cores, and there were 4 observations per plot.
Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Imidacloprid and Carbaryl on Es-Tablished Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with fine top dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 88° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 79° F; RH, 61.0%; amount of thatch, 0.5-1.0 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 28.8% sand, 50.4% silt, 20.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.5%; organic matter, 7.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, early evening; and sunny skies. Immediately after treatment the area was irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period (sampling dates, Aug 17 and Aug 30). Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate. The total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Honeylocust Spider Mite Control, Trial Two, Ft. Collins, Co 1995
Authors: Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on thornless honey locust, approximately 15-ft in height, located in a parking lot in southwest Ft. Collins, CO. Plots consisted of the terminals of individual branches, averaging approximately 3-ft in length. Plot design was a RCB with 4 replications. Dust treatments of deltamethrin were applied using a Chapin duster, 29 Aug. All other treatments were applied with a hand-operated pump mister 28 Aug covering the foliage to near point of run-off. Evaluations were made 5 Sep and 14 Sep by counting the number of mites on 5 leaves randomly selected from each plot.
Laboratory Evaluation of Two New Formulations of Ascend (Abamectin 0.011% AI) Against the Red Imported Fire Ant, 1994
Authors: Summerlin Bill , Gold Roger , Cook Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three sets of five colonies each were used for testing in the laboratory. Three g of each test bait (143-098 and 143-099) were placed in each of five colony pans for 72 h. Another set received 3 g of PT-370 Ascend (abamectin 0.011% AI) and served as a control. After 72 h exposure in the foraging arena, the baits were removed and again weighed to determine the relative attractancy and acceptance of each of the baits. Regular feeding resumed after an additional 24 h. Mortality of ants and changes in brood volume and composition were assessed at weekly intervals (for 6 wk) beginning one week posttreatment.
Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Spinosad, 1995
Authors: Olson Brian D. , Thompson Gary D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a 16-yr-old orchard of ‘Rhode Island Greening‘ trees which measured 12 ft wide and 10-16 ft high and were planted 20 by 20 ft. The treatments were replicated 4 times as single-tree plots and arranged in a randomized block design, with each plot surrounded by 4 unsprayed buffer trees. Treatments were applied with a FMC DO 10 handgun sprayer operated at 150 psi. Approximately 3.6 gal of spray solution was applied to each tree as a spray to drip treatment. Treatments were applied at approximately 10, 50 and 90% egg hatch of OBLR 29 Jun, 10 and 24 Jul, respectively. Application of treatments were arranged in 3 different spray schedules: A, 29 Jun and 10 Jul; B, 10 Jul and 24 Jul; and C, 29 Jun, 10 Jul and 24 Jul. Spinosad was compared to a standard commercial treatment, Lorsban 50W (170 g AI per 100 gal applied on schedule C) and an untreated check. On 16 Aug, 100 terminals per plot were assessed for feeding damage caused by the summer generation of OBLR larvae. On 22 Aug, 100 fruit were collected from each plot and assessed for damage caused by larvae. The Spinosad treatments were analyzed separately as a factorial experiment to compare main effects of rate and schedule.
Efficacy of Insecticide Ear Tags on Cattle in Central Kentucky, 1995
Authors: Webb J. D. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tests were conducted on 5 beef cattle herds in central Kentucky using insecticide ear tags against horn flies and face flies. Ear tags were applied 1/ear in all tests during a 5-day period starting 10 Jun 1995. All tags were applied 1 per ear on all adults and weaned animals in each group. Using binoculars, horn fly estimates were taken on one side of 10 animals while face flies were counted on the head and face of the same animals at weekly intervals.
Laboratory Trials of the Rohm and Haas Rh-7988 Aphicide
Authors: Kund G. S. , Carson W. G. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy tests were performed with RH-7988 on the black bean aphid complex with direct contact and residual studies utilizing celery plants. Ninety celery plants were planted in 4“ square pots using U.C. soil mix. They were fertilized weekly with Miracle Grow at a rate of 0.5 tablespoons per gallon of water. The test was started by cutting back the 90 celery plants to a single shoot of growth 5 cm in height. Each celery plant had a chromotography disc placed around the base of the plant. This was done to provide a clean white surface which made it easy to identify any aphids which fell from the plants. Twenty subadult aphids were placed onto the control plants and the plants used in the contact test. The aphids were allowed to acclimate for 48 hours prior to spraying. The test was setup using two treatments. One treatment was at a level of 0.06 Al/acre and the second treatment was at 0.125 Al/acre. Both concentrations were used for a contact test, and residual tests of 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h post application. Ten replicates were used for each treatment. The solutions were prepared by adding the RH-7988 25 WP to distilled water containing a 0.08 v/v concentration of Latron AG-98. Each plant was sprayed once until runoff. The aphids were counted every 24 hours. Residual studies were performed by applying 20 aphids to each plant 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h post spraying. The temperature range was 76-84 °F with an approximate RH of 52%.
Sunlight Residual Activity of Spinosad for the Control of Tobacco Budworm on Cotton, 1994
Authors: Larson L.L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Spinosad is the first example of the naturalyte insect control class. The sunlight residual activity for a variety of spinosad formulas was studied utilizing a leat disc bioassay. Greenhouse grown, 5-7 leaf cotton plants were sprayed to run off using a DeVilb’is atomizer at approximately 3 lbs. of air pressure. The rates began at 200 PPM and were serially diluted at 4 fold increments for a total of 6 rates. The plants were allowed to air dry and an initial set of leaf discs taken. The leaf discs were placed in one ounce cups and infested with one late second instar tobacco budworm larva. There were 10 replicates per treatment so 60 larvae were used to generate each LC50. The plants were stored for 8 hours per day in early October sunlight outside our Indianapolis greenhouses and the procedure was repeated at 7 and 14 DAT. The cups were evaluated 72 hours after infestation and percent mortality recorded. Log dose probit analyses were run utilizing a trimmed Spearman-Karber method.
Bioassay, Effect of Spinosad on Neonate Leafroller Larvae, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Spinosad DE-105 1.6% was evaluated using a leaf-dip bioassay method for its effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Treatments were prepared by diluting the appropriate amount of product (see table) in 500 ml water in a glass beaker. A small amount (approximately 2 u.1) of wetting agent, Latron B-1956, was added to each treatment. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent only. Untreated apple leaves were collected from Delicious trees at the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Leaves were dipped, then allowed to dry. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a Petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50X9 mm). Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaf disks. The Petri dish lids were put in place, and dishes were stored inside a food storage container and kept at 75°F (±2°F) constant temperature and 16:8 photoperiod. Petri dishes were examined after 7 and 14 d and larval survival recorded. Ten dishes were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).
Apple, Pre-Bloom Control of European Red Mite with Apollo and Savey, 1995
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A 16-yr-old block of ‘Delicious’ apples with a tree-row-volume of 225 gpa at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC) was used for this study. Plots consisted of two groups of 5 trees each, with 2 trees in each group serving as sample trees. Treatments consisted of Apollo at tight cluster (28 March), Savey with and without 1% oil at pink (4 April), oil (2%) at tight cluster followed by Omite 30W on 19 Jul, and an untreated control. A conventional fungicide program was applied to all treatments throughout the season, and an application of Dimethoate 4E at petal fall (24 Apr) and Imidan 70W (2.5 lbs/acre) at first cover on (8 May). Applications of test materials were made with a hand-gun sprayer. Mite populations were monitored weekly by collecting 20 leaves per treatment, remaining them with a mite brushing machine and counting the number of ERM eggs and motiles and AF under a microscope. SP were assessed weekly by conducting a 3-min search per treatment. Mite-days were calculated by multiplying the number of days between successive sample periods by the mean mite population of the two sample dates, and cumulated for all sample dates. All data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and means separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Fireworm Control, 1995
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 1 Aug, when there was ca. 1 webbed stem/ft2, and again on 17 Aug for RSF larval control to 10- by 10-ft plots in a pruned blueberry field at Township 18, Maine. Blueberry plants were ca. 25% tip die-back stage on 1 Aug and 90% tip die-back stage on 17 Aug. There were 3 replications of each treatment in a RCBD with a minimum 3-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 30-inch boom sprayer with 4 flat spray, 800067 TeeJet nozzles operating at 40 psi. On sample dates indicated in table, all stems with leaves webbed together by larvae were counted in 5, sq ft areas per plot. August was generally warm with less than adequate rainfall; only 1.27 inches of rain was recorded for the entire month.
Effect of Rate and Timing of Biorational Materials for Control of First Generation White Apple Leafhopper Nymphs, 1995
Authors: Beers E. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test was conducted in a mature apple orchard (several strains of ‘Delicious’) on the grounds of the Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA. Treatments were replicated 4 times, with each replicate consisting of a single tree. The experimental design was a RCB, using pre-treatment WALH populations as the blocking factor. The experimental treatments (three types of horticultural mineral oil and Neemix, a neem product) were applied at various rates and timings. The standard timing was the presence of the first 4th instar nymphs (10 May). The end-of-generation timing (EOG) was the presence of the first adults (26 May). Pesticides were applied with a handgun sprayer to the point of drip. WALH phenology was determined by twice-weekly samples beginning in late bloom. A minimum of 100 nymphs was examined and categorized by instar. Presence of adults (EOG timing) was determined by examining the leaves in the field. Sprays were applied the day after the appropriate phenological stage was reached. Leafhopper populations were sampled ca. weekly by counting in situ all live nymphs on 20 leaves per tree, distributed throughout the tree canopy.
Chemical Evaluations for Control of Grape Berry Moth on Grapes, 1995
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. , Ellis M. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In an experimental ‘Clinton’ vineyard at Wooster, Ohio, plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 4 replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gpa (935 liter/ha) on 18 Jul, and 8 Aug. A hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2), equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle, was used to apply treatments. No surfactant was added to any of the treatments. On 19 Sep, 20 grape clusters from each replicate were randomly examined to determine the number of clusters infested by grape berry moth.
Control of Citrus Thrips on Arizona Lemons, 1995
Authors: Kerns D. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seven yr old lemon trees owned by Glen Curtis Inc. in Yuma, AZ were treated with insecticides for control of citrus thrips. The test was a RCB design consisting of four replicates. Each plot (30 ft by 90 ft) consisted of three trees in a row spaced 30 ft apart. Applications were made using a backpack air-blast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Applications were initiated approximately seven d after petal fall. All treatment applications included Kinetic spreader-sticker at 0.1% v/v. Treatments were applied on Mar 31, May 6 and May 21. Evaluations were made on Apr 4, Apr 7, Apr 14, Apr 21, Apr 28, May 5, May 8, May 12, May 19, May 23 and May 30. Percent infested fruit were estimated by sampling ten fruit per tree for the presence or absence of immature CT. Fruit damage was estimated on Jul 18 by rating the degree of scarring on the rind. Scarring was rated as 1 = no scarring, 2 = slight scarring around the calyx, 3 = significant scarring around the calyx, 4 = slight scarring on the side of the fruit and 5 = major scarring on the side of the fruit. Percentage fruit infested with immature CT were transformed using a square-root transformation for analysis, percentage values are presented in the tables. Differences among treatments were separated using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
A Comparison of Merck Materials and a Standard Insecticide for Control of Lepidoptera on Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 12 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times (3 times for 24 Oct trial) in a RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips and delivering 30 gpa.at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Silwet L-77 sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments.
Use of Beauveria Bassiana, an Entomopathogen, to Control Nymphs of Bemisia Argentifolii Under Field Conditions, 1995
Authors: Liu T.-X. , Conner J. M. , Stansly P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Eight pairs of raised beds, 91 cm wide on 180 cm centers, were fertilized and maintained using the standard practices 3 wk before setting eggplant and tomato transplants in adjacent rows at 51 cm spacing. Two plots designated in each row for the trial were 6.5 m long and separated at either end by a 1 m buffer, to give two RCB designs (one for eggplant and other for tomato), each with 2 treatments and 8 replications. The treatment material was Mycotrol WP9504 (Mycotech Stain GHA spores, 22%; 4.4 X 1010 spores/g; Mycotech, Butte, MT) which was applied at a rate of 1.1 kg/ha (1 lb/acre) as recommended five times weekly from 21 Apr until 7 May 1995. Spray was delivered using a high clearance sprayer utilizing an hydraulic pump operating at 200 psi and equipped with drop nozzles, 8 “ATR Yellow” Albuz® hollow cone per row, to deliver 81 gpa. Weekly samples of SWF immatures from 24 Apr consisted of a single, 6th or 7th leaf from the terminal, leaf each from 3 randomly selected plants per plot, collected into plastic zip-lock bags, and brought back to the laboratory. Whitefly immatures (eggs, nymphs and pupae) were examined on four 1-cm2 disks, 2 on each side of the mid-vein. Eggs, young (1 st and 2nd instar) and old (3rd and 4th instar) nymphs and pupae (red-eyed nymphs) of SWF on 12 cm2 leaf area were counted under a stereomicroscope in the laboratory.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1996A
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Ragsdale David W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 21 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long with 12 ft alleyways separating plots. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants. Four treatments and an untreated check plot were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Early and late blight were controlled by seven applications of chlorothalonil. Foliar insecticide applications were made 10 Jul and 16 Jul. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted Brittonya boom sprayer delivering 40 gpa at 90 psi with 3 nozzles per row. Number of small (instar 1-2) and large (instar 3-1) larvae were counted on 5 randomly selected plants per row in each plot (20 plots per plot) on 11 Jul and 17 Jul. Percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspection of 5 randomly selected plants per row in each plot (20 plants per plot) on 17 Jul. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of count and percentage data using log,0(x + 1) and arcsim/(x), respectively. Due to the very high CPB pressure in this location, some plots were completely defo-liated by the third week in July. No treatments were applied after 17 Jul due to near absence of a second generation of CPB.
Mocap and Aztec on Reducing Wireworm Damage to Potato Tubers, 1995
Authors: Pavlista Alexander D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two trials, one using Aztec and the other using Mocap, were conducted at Hershey, NE, on a well drained loamy soil with a neutral pH and 2% organic matter. Fertilization was 130 lb N/acre 100 lb P/acre, 40 lb K/acre, and 90 lb S/acre. Precut, TOPS 2.5D-treated potatoes variety ‘Krantz’ were planted on 17 May. Soil temperature at planting was bout 55 deg F. Ridomi/Bravo for blight control and Champ were applied. Asana was applied to foliage for Colorado potato beetle control. Turbo was applied at emergence and Eptam at post-emergence for weed suppression. Temperature and rainfall were above normal. Irrigation via center-pivot was about 2 inch per week during tuber bulking. Mocap 10G, Mocap 6EC, Mocap 6GEL, EXP 60655A 80WG, and Dyfonate II 20G, and were all applied in a banti in the furrow prior to planting. Aztec 2.1 %G at 0.48 lb and 0.64 lb/1000 linear feet applied in the furrow prior to planting or after planting, and Admire 2f at 1.3 fl oz/1000 linear feet applied in-furrow before planting were compared in the other trial. Treatments were replicated six times in RCB design. Plob were single rows spaced 36 inches apart and 30 feet long. They were harvested on 6 Sep. Wireworm holes were counted in 50-tuber subsamples/plot.