bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of manual therapy on pulmonary function in healthy adults
Authors: Wall Bradley A. , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Losco Barrett , Hebert Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractManual therapy is suggested as a potentially therapeutic intervention that may improve pulmonary function. However, this form of therapy is largely based on clinical observations and hypothetical models rather than mechanistic knowledge. This study examined the influence of a single session of manual therapy applied to the thoracic spine and thorax on dynamic pulmonary function over an extended time frame in healthy adults. 21 healthy individuals (14 males) aged 19–35 (mean [SD] age = 23 [3.9], BMI [SD] = 22.97 [2.41]) completed one experimental testing session consisting of five pulmonary function tests and the delivery of a manual therapy intervention. Pulmonary function was measured at baseline and 1 minute, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes following the intervention. Baseline mean (SD) forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were 5.55(1.23 L), 4.64(0.92 L) and 165.7(40.0L min−1) respectively. The mean (SD) FEV1/FVC ratio was 0.84(0.07). There were no statistically significant changes in any of the pulmonary function measures following the manual therapy intervention. Our findings do not support the use of manual therapy to provide a short-term benefit in respiratory function to healthy adults.
Possible Evidence for a New Form of Liquid Buried in the Surface Tension of Supercooled Water
Authors: Rogers T. Ryan , Leong Kai-Yang , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractContrary to the historical data, several recent experiments indicate that the surface tension of supercooled water follows a smooth extrapolation of the IAPWS equation in the supercooled regime. It can be seen, however, that a small deviation from the IAPWS equation is present in the recent experimental measurements. It is shown with simulations using the WAIL water potential that the small deviation in the experimental data is consistent with the tail of an exponential growth in surface tension as temperature decreases. The emergence temperature, Te, of a substantial deviation from the IAPWS equation is shown to be 227 K for the WAIL water and 235 K for real water. Since the 227 K Te is close to the Widom line in WAIL water, we argue that real water at 235 K approaches a similar crossover line at one atmospheric pressure.
Emerging integrated nanoclay-facilitated drug delivery system for papillary thyroid cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Yi , Long Mei , Huang Peng , Yang Huaming , Chang Shi , Hu Yuehua , Tang Aidong , Mao Linfeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNanoclay can be incorporated into emerging dual functional drug delivery systems (DDSs) to promote efficiency in drug delivery and reduce the toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) used for thyroid cancer treatment. This paper reports the expansion of the basal spacing of kaolinite nanoclay was expanded from 0.72 nm to 0.85 nm, which could provide sufficiently spacious site for hosting doxorubicin molecules and controlling the diffusion rate. A targeted design for papillary thyroid cancer cells was achieved by introducing KI, which is consumed by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). As indicated by MTT assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy and bio-TEM observations, methoxy-intercalated kaolinite (KaolinMeOH) exhibited negligible cytotoxicity against papillary thyroid cancer cells. By contrast, DOX-KaolinMeOHshowed dose-dependent therapeutic effectsin vitro, and KI@DOX-KaolinMeOHwas found to act as a powerful targeted therapeutic drug. Furthermore, active and passive targeting strategies played a role in the accumulation of the drug molecules, as verified by anin vivobio-distribution analysis.
Nano spin-diodes using FePt-NDs with huge on/off current ratio at room temperature
Authors: Makihara Katsunori , Kato Takeshi , Kabeya Yuuki , Mitsuyuki Yusuke , Ohta Akio , Oshima Daiki , Iwata Satoshi , Darma Yudi , Ikeda Mitsuhisa , Miyazaki Seiichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpin transistors have attracted tremendous interest as new functional devices. However, few studies have investigated enhancements of the ON/OFF current ratio as a function of the electron spin behavior. Here, we found a significantly high spin-dependent current ratio—more than 102 at 1.5 V—when changing the relative direction of the magnetizations between FePt nanodots (NDs) and the CoPtCr-coated atomic force microscope (AFM) probe at room temperature. This means that ON and OFF states were achieved by switching the magnetization of the FePt NDs, which can be regarded as spin-diodes. The FePt magnetic NDs were fabricated by exposing a bi-layer metal stack to a remote H2 plasma (H2-RP) on ~1.7 nm SiO2/Si(100) substrates. The ultrathin bi-layers with a uniform surface coverage are changed drastically to NDs with an areal density as high as ~5 × 1011 cm−2. The FePt NDs exhibit a large perpendicular anisotropy with an out-of-plane coercivity of ~4.8 kOe, reflecting the magneto-crystalline anisotropy of (001) oriented L10 phase FePt. We also designed and fabricated double-stacked FePt-NDs with low and high coercivities sandwiched between an ultra-thin Si-oxide interlayer, and confirmed a high ON/OFF current ratio when switching the relative magnetization directions of the low and high coercivity FePt NDs.
Examining the Language Phenotype in Children With Typical Development, Specific Language Impairment, and Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Haebig Eileen , Sterling Audra , Hoover Jill 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
One aspect of morphosyntax, finiteness marking, was compared in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), specific language impairment (SLI), and typical development matched on mean length of utterance (MLU).

Method
Nineteen children with typical development (mean age = 3.3 years), 20 children with SLI (mean age = 4.9 years), and 17 boys with FXS (mean age = 11.9 years) completed the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment (TEGI; Rice & Wexler, 2001), and other cognitive and language assessments. Quantitative comparisons on finiteness marking and qualitative comparisons of unscorable (i.e., nontarget) TEGI responses were conducted.

Results
Children with typical development and FXS performed better on finiteness marking than children with SLI. Although unscorable responses were infrequent, boys with FXS produced more unscorable responses than children with typical development and SLI.

Conclusions
Although boys with FXS have language deficits, they performed similarly to MLU-matched typically developing children on finiteness marking. This language profile differs from children with SLI, who present with a delay-within-a-delay profile with finiteness marking delays that exceed delays in MLU. Unscorable responses produced by the boys with FXS may reflect pragmatic deficits, which are prominent in this population. Assessment procedures should be carefully considered when examining language in boys with FXS.
Wafer‐level vacuum encapsulated breath‐mode ring resonator fabricated in a commercial MEMS process
Authors: Xereas G. , Chodavarapu V.P. 
Published: September 2016

The development of wafer‐level vacuum‐encapsulated low‐voltage and high quality factor (Q) ring resonator is presented. The resonator is fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) integrated design for inertial sensors process introduced by Teledyne DALSA Semiconductor Inc.. The resonator is designed to be operational with 5 V DC polarisation voltage in the breath mode of vibration at a resonance frequency of 10 MHz. The measured Q of the ring resonator exceeded 84,000.
Psychometrische Güte der Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsinstrumente ADHS-SB und Wender-Reimherr-Interview bei Senioren mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung
Authors: Philipp-Wiegmann Florence , Zinnow Toivo , Retz Wolfgang , Rösler Michael , Retz-Junginger Petra 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie und Methodik Die Anwendbarkeit der etablierten ADHS-Verfahren für Erwachsene, ADHS-SB und Wender-Reimherr-Interview, im Senium wurde an einer Stichprobe von 324 Personen im Alter zwischen 60 und 99 Jahren überprüft.
Ergebnisse Die beiden Verfahren weisen für den Einsatz bei SeniorInnen eine geringere psychometrische Güte auf im Vergleich zur Anwendung bei Erwachsenen im jungen und mittleren Lebensalter. Es zeigt sich eine hohe Korrelation beider Verfahren mit der klinischen Beurteilung der Experten bei Personen im Seniorenalter.
Schlussfolgerung Als Ergänzung zur ausführlichen klinischen Exploration können die ADHS-SB und das WRI auch im Senium als valide Diagnoseinstrumente eingesetzt werden.
Zwischen Offenheit und Ablehnung – Die Einstellung von Psychiatriepflegenden gegenüber dem Risikoverhalten ihrer Patienten: eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Burr Christian , Richter Dirk 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Beschreiben der Einstellung von Mitarbeitenden gegenüber dem Eingehen positiver Risiken ihrer Patienten, da darüber wenig bekannt ist und die Einstellung wesentlich zum Verständnis der aktuellen Praxis beiträgt.
Methodik Anhand der Inhaltsanalyse von 4 Fokusgruppeninterviews wurde die Einstellung der Pflegenden gegenüber dem Eingehen positiver Risiken ihrer Patienten untersucht und wie sie ihre Institution dabei wahrnehmen.
Ergebnisse Pflegende bewerten Risiken eher negativ, haben eine ambivalente Einstellung gegenüber positiven Risiken und nehmen ihre Institution auch so wahr.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse bestätigen Ergebnisse anderer Studien. Klare Leitlinien zum Thema fehlen in der Praxis.
The problem of the Old Finnish passive
Authors: de Smit Merlijn 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOld Finnish (1540–1809) shows variation between non-promotional and promotional passives. Historically, there is reason to suppose that the Finnic passive was originally promotional and that a shift to a non-promotional passive already took place during Proto-Finnic times. At first sight, the Old Finnish promotional passive could be based on contact with German, Swedish, and the classical languages — but it could also be a Proto-Finnic remnant conserved partially through these language contacts. To ascertain which is the case, I apply the notion advanced byTimberlake (1977)that a syntactic process of reanalysis and extension will first proceed in contexts which are least marked from the viewpoint of the new analysis, to a corpus of Old Finnish texts. The result is that some texts do indeed exhibit a stepwise generalization of non-promotional passives with, for example, indefinite and divisible arguments. This generalization is restricted to non-periphrastic passives: periphrastic passives are generally promotional. I argue that this state of affairs is best explained by assuming that a Proto-Finnic promotional passive remained in use in the language of the Finnish educated elite until early Old Finnish times, and that the non-promotional passive of Old Finnish is innovative.
D-VASim: an interactive virtual laboratory environment for the simulation and analysis of genetic circuits
Authors: Baig Hasan , Madsen Jan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Summary
Simulation and behavioral analysis of genetic circuits is a standard approach of functional verification prior to their physical implementation. Many software tools have been developed to perform in silico analysis for this purpose, but none of them allow users to interact with the model during runtime. The runtime interaction gives the user a feeling of being in the lab performing a real world experiment. In this work, we present a user-friendly software tool named D-VASim (Dynamic Virtual Analyzer and Simulator), which provides a virtual laboratory environment to simulate and analyze the behavior of genetic logic circuit models represented in an SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language). Hence, SBML models developed in other software environments can be analyzed and simulated in D-VASim. D-VASim offers deterministic as well as stochastic simulation; and differs from other software tools by being able to extract and validate the Boolean logic from the SBML model. D-VASim is also capable of analyzing the threshold value and propagation delay of a genetic circuit model.

Availability and Implementation
D-VASim is available for Windows and Mac OS and can be downloaded from bda.compute.dtu.dk/downloads/.
Executive Summary: Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis
Authors: Nahid Payam , Dorman Susan E. , Alipanah Narges , Barry Pennan M. , Brozek Jan L. , Cattamanchi Adithya , Chaisson Lelia H. , Chaisson Richard E. , Daley Charles L. , Grzemska Malgosia , Higashi Julie M. , Ho Christine S. , Hopewell Philip C. , Keshavjee Salmaan A. , Lienhardt Christian , Menzies Richard , Merrifield Cynthia , Narita Masahiro , O'Brien Rick , Peloquin Charles A. , Raftery Ann , Saukkonen Jussi , Schaaf H. Simon , Sotgiu Giovanni , Starke Jeffrey R. , Migliori Giovanni Battista , Vernon Andrew 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.
Evidence for a Disease Complex Between Pythium aphanidermatum and Root-knot Nematodes in Cucumber
Authors: Morris Kelly A. , Langston David B. , Dutta Bhabesh , Davis Richard F. , Timper Patricia , Noe James P. , Dickson Donald W. 
Published: September 2016

A field trial in 2012 indicated a possible disease complex between Pythium aphanidermatum and the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber. Two growth chamber trials were conducted to investigate this potential disease complex. The results indicate that control of RKN may be important for managing Pythium damping-off in cucumber. Accepted for publication 29 August 2016.
Top-Down Beta Oscillatory Signaling Conveys Behavioral Context to Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Richter Craig G. , Coppola Richard , Bressler Steven L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTop-down modulation of sensory processing is a critical neural mechanism subserving a number of important cognitive roles. Principally, top-down influences appear to inform lower-order sensory systems of the current ‘task at hand’, and thus may convey behavioral context to these systems. Accumulating evidence indicates that top-down cortical influences are carried by directed interareal synchronization of oscillatory neuronal populations. An important question currently under investigation by a number of laboratories is whether the information conveyed by directed interareal synchronization depends on the frequency band in which it is conveyed. Recent results point to the beta frequency band as being particularly important for conveying task-related information. However, little is known about thenatureof the information conveyed by top-down directed influences. To investigate the information content of top-down directed beta-frequency influences, we measured spectral Granger Causality using local field potentials recorded from microelectrodes chronically implanted in visual cortical areas V1, V4, and TEO, and then applied multivariate pattern analysis to the spatial patterns of top-down spectral Granger Causality in the visual cortex. We decoded behavioral context by discriminating patterns of top-down (V4/TEO → V1) beta-peak spectral Granger Causality for two different task rules governing the correct responses to visual stimuli. The results indicate that top-down directed influences in visual cortex are carried by beta oscillations, and differentiate current task demands even before visual stimulus processing. They suggest that top-down beta-frequency oscillatory processes may coordinate the processing of sensory information by conveying global knowledge states to early levels of the sensory cortical hierarchy independently of bottom-up stimulus-driven processing.
REVEALING COMPLEX ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS VIA SYMBOLIC REGRESSION
Authors: Chen Yize , Angulo Marco Tulio , Liu Yang-Yu 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTComplex ecosystems, from food webs to our gut microbiota, are essential to human life. Understanding the dynamics of those ecosystems can help us better maintain or control them. Yet, reverse-engineering complex ecosystems (i.e., extracting their dynamic models) directly from measured temporal data has not been very successful so far. Here we propose to close this gap via symbolic regression. We validate our method using both synthetic and real data. We firstly show this method allows reverse engineering two-species ecosystems, inferring both the structure and the parameters of ordinary differential equation models that reveal the mechanisms behind the system dynamics. We find that as the size of the ecosystem increases or the complexity of the inter-species interactions grow, using a dictionary of known functional responses (either previously reported or reverse-engineered from small ecosystems using symbolic regression) opens the door to correctly reverse-engineer large ecosystems.
Predicting binding free energies: Frontiers and benchmarks
Authors: Mobley David L. , Gilson Michael K. 
Published: September 2016

Binding free energy calculations based on molecular simulations provide predicted affinities for biomolecular complexes. These calculations begin with a detailed description of a system, including its chemical composition and the interactions between its components. Simulations of the system are then used to compute thermodynamic information, such as binding affinities. Because of their promise for guiding molecular design, these calculations have recently begun to see widespread applications in early stage drug discovery. However, many challenges remain to make them a robust and reliable tool. Here, we briefly explain how the calculations work, highlight key challenges, and argue for the development of accepted benchmark test systems that will help the research community generate and evaluate progress.Manuscript version 1.1.1 pre-releaseSeehttps://github.com/mobleylab/benchmarksetsfor all versions.
Design principles of autocatalytic cycles constrain enzyme kinetics and force low substrate saturation at flux branch points
Authors: Barenholz Uri , Davidi Dan , Reznik Ed , Bar-On Yinon , Antonovsky Niv , Noor Elad , Milo Ron 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA set of chemical reactions that require a metabolite to synthesize more of that metabolite is an autocatalytic cycle. Here we show that most of the reactions in the core of central carbon metabolism are part of compact autocatalytic cycles. Such metabolic designs must meet specific conditions to support stable fluxes, hence avoiding depletion of intermediate metabolites. As such, they are subjected to constraints that may seem counter-intuitive: the enzymes of branch reactions out of the cycle must be overexpressed and the affinity of these enzymes to their substrates must be relatively weak. We use recent quantitative proteomics and fluxomics measurements to show that the above conditions hold for functioning cycles in central carbon metabolism ofE.coli. This work demonstrates that the topology of a metabolic network can shape kinetic parameters of enzymes and lead to seemingly wasteful enzyme usage.
Risky decision-making in major depression is stable and intact
Authors: Chung Dongil , Kadlec Kelly , Aimone Jason A. , McCurry Katherine , King-Casas Brooks , Chiu Pearl H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis and symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) have been closely associated with impairments in reward processing. In particular, various studies have shown blunted neural and behavioral responses to the experience of reward in depression. However, little is known about whether depression affects individuals’ valuation of potential rewards during decision-making, independent from reward experience. To address this question, we used a gambling task and a model-based analytic approach to measure two types of individual sensitivity to reward values in participants with MDD: ‘risk preference,’ indicating how objective values are subjectively perceived and ‘inverse temperature,’ determining the degree to which subjective value differences between options influences participants’ choices. On both of these measures of value sensitivity, participants with MDD were comparable to non-psychiatric controls. Both risk preference and inverse temperature were also stable over four laboratory visits and comparable between the groups at each visit. Moreover, neither value sensitivity measure varied with severity of clinical symptoms in MDD. These data suggest intact and stable value processing in MDD during risky decision-making.