bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin associated with S. aureus osteomyelitis activates platelets via neutrophil secretion products
Authors: Niemann Silke , Bertling Anne , Brodde Martin F. , Fender Anke C. , Van de Vyver Hélène , Hussain Muzaffar , Holzinger Dirk , Reinhardt Dirk , Peters Georg , Heilmann Christine , Löffler Bettina , Kehrel Beate E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlobalization and migration promote the spread of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains. The toxin PVL is linked to the development of thrombosis in association with osteomyelitis. The mechanisms by which PVL drives thrombosis development are however still unknown. We demonstrate that PVL-damaged neutrophils activate platelets via neutrophil secretion products, such as α-defensins and the myeloperoxidase product HOCl, as well as the formation of HOCl-modified proteins. Neutrophil damage by PVL is blocked by anti-PVL-antibodies, explaining why especially young osteomyelitis patients with a low antibody titre against PVL suffer from thrombotic complications. Platelet activation in the presence of PVL-damaged neutrophils is prevented by α-defensin inhibitors and by glutathione and resveratrol, which are both inhibitors of HOCl-modified protein-induced platelet activation. Remarkably, intravenously infused glutathione also prevents activation of human platelets in an ex vivo assay. We here describe a new mechanism of PVL-neutrophil-platelet interactions, which might be extrapolated to other toxins that act on neutrophils. Our observations may make us think about new approaches to treat and/or prevent thrombotic complications in the course of infections with PVL-producing S. aureus strains.
Resistance Switching and Memristive Hysteresis in Visible-Light-Activated Adsorbed ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Barnes Benjamin Kerr , Das Kausik S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe discovery of resistance switching memristors marks a paradigm shift in the search for alternative non-volatile memory components in the semiconductor industry. Normally a dielectric in these bistable memory cells changes its resistance with an applied electric field or current, albeit retaining the resistive state based on the history of the applied field. Despite showing immense potential, sustainable growth of this new memory technology is bogged down by several factors including cost, intricacies of design, lack of efficient tunability, and issues with scalability and eco-friendliness. Here, we demonstrate a simple arrangement wherein an ethanol-adsorbed ZnO thin film exhibits orders of magnitude change in resistance when activated by visible light. We show that there exists two stable ohmic states, one in the dark and the other in the illuminated regime, as well as a significant delay in the transition between these saturated states. We also demonstrate that visible light acts as a non-invasive tuning parameter for the bistable resistive states. Furthermore, a pinched hysteresis I-V response observed in these devices indicate what seems to be a new type of memristive behaviour.
Chitosan nanoparticles functionalized with β-cyclodextrin: a promising carrier for botanical pesticides
Authors: Campos Estefânia V. R. , Proença Patrícia L. F. , Oliveira Jhones L. , Melville Cirano C. , Della Vechia Jaqueline F. , de Andrade Daniel J. , Fraceto Leonardo F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCarvacrol and linalool are natural compounds extracted from plants and are known for their insecticidal and repellent activities, respectively. However, their low aqueous solubility, high photosensitivity, and high volatility restrict their application in the control of agricultural pests. The encapsulation of volatile compounds can be an effective way of overcoming such problems. Inclusion complexes between beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and carvacrol (CVC) or linalool (LNL) were investigated. Inclusion complexes were prepared by the kneading method. Both complexes presented 1:1 host:guest stoichiometry and the highest affinity constants were observed at 20 °C for both molecules. The nanoparticles containing carvacrol and linalool had mean diameters of 175.2 and 245.8 nm, respectively and high encapsulation efficiencies (<90%) were achieved for both compounds. Biological assays with mites (Tetranychus urticae) showed that the nanoparticles possessed repellency, acaricidal, and oviposition activities against this organism. Nanoencapsulated carvacrol and linalool were significantly more effective in terms of acaricidal and oviposition activities, while the unencapsulated compounds showed better repellency activity. The nanoformulations prepared in this study are good candidates for the sustainable and effective use of botanical compounds in agriculture, contributing to the reduction of environmental contamination, as well as promoting the effective control of pests in agriculture.
Double MgO-based Perpendicular Magnetic-Tunnel-Junction Spin-valve Structure with a Top Co2Fe6B2 Free Layer using a Single SyAF [Co/Pt]n Layer
Authors: Choi Jin-Young , Lee Dong-gi , Baek Jong-Ung , Park Jea-Gun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new perpendicular spin-transfer-torque magnetic-tunnel-junction (p-MTJ) spin-valve was developed to achieve a high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio. It had a double MgO-based spin-valve structure with a top Co2Fe6B2 free layer and incorporated a single SyAF [Co(0.4 nm)/Pt(0.3 nm)]3 layer and a new buffer layer of Co(0.6)/Pt(0.3)/Co(0.4). It had a TMR ratio of 180% and anisotropy exchange field (H
ex
) of 3.44 kOe after ex-situ annealing of 350 °C for 30 min under a vacuum below 10−6 torr and a perpendicular magnetic field of 3 tesla, thereby ensuring a memory margin and avoiding read disturbance failures. Its high level of performance was due to the face-center-cubic crystallinity of the MgO tunneling barrier being significantly improved by decreasing its surface roughness (i.e., peak-to-valley length of 1.4 nm).
Upfront surgery and pathological stage-based adjuvant chemoradiation strategy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Hui-Shan , Hsu Po-Kuei , Liu Chia-Chuan , Wu Shiao-Chi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdjuvant chemoradiation is reported to have a survival benefit for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We evaluated the “upfront surgery and pathological stage-based adjuvant chemoradiation” strategy, in which adjuvant therapy is guided by pathological stage, in locally advanced ESCC. Data from 2976 clinical stage II/III ESCC patients, including 1735 in neoadjuvant chemoradiation and 1241 in upfront surgery groups, were obtained from a nationwide database. Patients in the upfront surgery group were further categorized into the “upfront surgery and pathological stage-based adjuvant chemoradiation” and “upfront surgery only” groups. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates in the “neoadjuvant chemoradiation”, “upfront surgery and pathological stage-based adjuvant chemoradiation”, and “upfront surgery only” groups were 41.5%, 45.8%, and 28.5%, respectively. In propensity score matched patients, the 3-year OS rate was 41.7% in the neoadjuvant chemoradiation group, compared to 35.6% in the “upfront surgery and pathological stage-based adjuvant chemoradiation” group (p = 0.147), and 20.3% in the “upfront surgery only” group (p < 0.001). No survival difference was observed between the “neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery” protocol and the “upfront surgery and pathological stage-based adjuvant chemoradiation” strategy.
A Narrative Evaluation of Mandarin-Speaking Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Hao Ying , Sheng Li , Zhang Yiwen , Jiang Fan , de Villiers Jill , Lee Wendy , Liu Xueman Lucy 
Published: January 2018

PurposeWe aimed to study narrative skills in Mandarin-speaking children with language impairment (LI) to compare with children with LI speaking Indo-European languages.MethodEighteen Mandarin-speaking children with LI (mean age 6;2 [years;months]) and 18 typically developing (TD) age controls told 3 stories elicited using the Mandarin Expressive Narrative Test (de Villiers & Liu, 2014). We compared macrostructure-evaluating descriptions of characters, settings, initiating events, internal responses,plans, actions, and consequences. We also studied general microstructure, including productivity, lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and grammaticality. In addition, we compared the use of 6 fine-grained microstructure elements that evaluate particular Mandarin linguistic features.ResultsChildren with LI exhibited weaknesses in 5 macrostructure elements, lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and 3 Mandarin-specific, fine-grained microstructure elements. Children with LI and TD controls demonstrated comparable performance on 2 macrostructure elements, productivity, grammaticality, and the remaining 3 fine-grained microstructure features.ConclusionsSimilarities and differences are noted in narrative profiles of children with LI who speak Mandarin versus those who speak Indo-European languages. The results are consistent with the view that profiles of linguistic deficits are shaped by the ambient language. Clinical implications are discussed.
Development of a real‐scale cooling module for a PV power plant
Authors: Silva Vinícius O. da , Gimenes André L.V. , Udaeta Miguel E.M. 
Published: January 2018

The goal of this study is to develop units of a photovoltaic (PV) cooling system and evaluate its performance, aiming at commercial electricity production, once the increase in electricity output is obtained by cooling down the temperature of the PV module. The methodology covers the description of production procedures, control and verification of three different models of the cooling system, of which two are sheet‐and‐tube types, with different diameters of coil curvature (85 and 140 mm), and one is a multi‐channel type model. Results show that the production of the two sheet‐and‐tube models presented no issues during their construction and operating phases, while the multiple‐channel model presented some complications at the construction phase (e.g. the thickness of the sheets hampered the welding process, leading to leakages during the tightness tests). The empirical control tests showed that the temperature of the PV module with a cooling system applied remains lower than the nominal operating cell temperature, whereas the PV modules without a cooling system presented temperatures higher than 68.1°C. Thus, the authors conclude that the most appropriate model for large‐scale production applied at PV systems is the coil one, with 85 mm of the diameter of coil curvature.
PHENIX Measurements of Heavy Flavor in Small Systems
Authors: Lebedev Alexandre 
Published: January 2018

The study of heavy flavor production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is a sensitive probe of the hot and dense matter created in such collisions.
Installation of silicon vertex detectors in the PHENIX experiment, and increased performance of the BNL RHIC collider allowed collection of large amount of data on heavy flavor production in small colliding systems.
In this talk we will present recent PHENIX results on open heavy flavor and quarkonia production in p+p, p+A, d+A, and He3+A colliding systems in a broad rapidity range, and discuss how these measurements help us to better understand all stages of nuclear collisions at high energy.
Research in game localisation
Authors: Mangiron Carme 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Game localisation is an emerging field in Translation Studies that initially began attracting attention in the late 1990s, when the first studies analysing this new translation phenomenon were published by professionals working in the field. In the last decade, research on game localisation has gained impetus. Particularly, in recent years, the number of books, journal articles, book chapters, undergraduate, masters and doctoral dissertations aiming to shed light on this relatively young area of study have increased considerably. This paper examines existing research on game localisation, focusing on published papers (articles and book chapters) and books. It presents a diachronic view of game localisation research, describing the main topics and methods used, as well as the issue of research materials. Finally, it explores potential future research avenues and calls for reception studies, which are necessary to consolidate game localisation as an established research domain within Translation Studies.
Translating literature into playability
Authors: Pettini Silvia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
From the perspective of Game Localisation (O’Hagan and Mangiron 2013, Bernal-Merino 2015), this paper examines the translation of Dante’s Inferno (Electronic Arts 2010) from English into Italian. Parallel excerpts from in-game dialogues are compared in order to analyse the relationship between the source and the target texts, while exploring the influence Dante’s masterpiece exerts on the Italian localisation. The objective is to show that, when a game is based on the target culture literature, the latter seems to constrain translation to ensure a successful local impact. As findings suggest, by means of quotations together with lexical, syntactic and stylistic choices, the Italian game is more literarily expressive than its English source, thus providing players with a multimedia interactive Dantesque experience.
Triggers and constraints of lower secondary students’ willingness to communicate orally in English in a CLIL setting in the Norwegian context
Authors: Lialikhova Dina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article reports on findings from a small-scale qualitative study performed in a CLIL setting in a Norwegian lower secondary school. The study explored the effect of a six-week CLIL intervention project combining history and English on 27 Norwegian ninth graders’ motivation to engage in classroom oral activities and, consequently, their willingness to communicate (WTC) orally, as well as factors triggering and constraining the students’ WTC in the CLIL lessons. Data were collected through classroom observations, teacher pre- and post-interviews, and student pre- and post-questionnaires. The findings revealed that the CLIL intervention had reinforced most students’ motivation and WTC orally compared to their regular EFL lessons. The study adds to the sparse CLIL research in Norway.
Bucking the trend?
Authors: Mearns Tessa , Graaff Rick de 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResearch has suggested that motivation plays a significant role in language learning but that females tend to be more motivated language learners than males. Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has been suggested as a means of narrowing this motivational gender gap, although there is as yet little empirical evidence to support this claim. In the current study, data regarding the motivation of 581 learners in bilingual and mainstream tracks of Dutch secondary education were analysed for interaction effects in terms of Gender, Education Type, and Year of CLIL study. In this context, it seemed that boys who had chosen bilingual education were the most positive and motivated regarding the learning of English, although girls had more positive attitudes regarding languages in general. No interactions were observed between Gender, Education Type, and Year, suggesting that existing differences may have influenced boys’ decision to follow bilingual education rather than the reverse.
Object drop and article drop in reduced written register
Authors: Weir Andrew 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses object drop in English ‘reduced written register’ (RWR), such as recipes (Haegeman 1987a,b,Massam & Roberge 1989,Massam 1992) and diaries. Object drop differs from subject drop in RWR (Haegeman 1997,2007, this issue); dropped subjects can be of any person and can be expletives, while dropped objects can be third person only and cannot be expletives. I propose that object drop in RWR is dependent on article drop. I analyze null articles in RWR as the presence of a phonologically null determiner with the semantics of a choice function. To analyze object drop, I adoptTomioka (2003)’s analysis for Japanese null pronouns, in which a null determiner, combined with NP ellipsis, allows a constituent with pronominal-like semantics to go wholly unpronounced. I argue that a similar process is at work in English RWR, and argue that this analysis allows us to understand the person and expletive restrictions.
Introduction.
Authors: Smith J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines (i) why people are getting a 'bit annoyed' with tourism; (ii) how the tourism industry is responding to social and environmental challenges; (iii) how tourism can excite people towards transformative change and what transformation means for tourism; (iv) how the sharing economy can support this transformation; and (v) whether we can do more than reduce our impact on climate change.
Chemical constituents of Brazilian Propolis from the state of Bahia and their growth inhibitory activities against cancer cells
Authors: Mitsui Taichi , Hotta Sho , Tazawa Shigemi , Arai Yasuko , Kato Kenji , Ichihara Kenji 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A novel 2-phenoxychromone (1) and five known flavones (2-6) were isolated from northeastern Brazilian propolis in the state of Bahia. The chemical structures of these six compounds were determined by spectroscopic investigations and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The isolated compounds showed growth-inhibitory activities, in varying degrees, against human tumor cell lines. This is the first report on the discovery of a novel 2-phenoxychromone from propolis.
The effect of sex and localised fatigue on triceps surae musculoarticular stiffness
Authors: Faria Aurélio , Gabriel Ronaldo , Moreira Helena , Camacho Tanya , Brás Rui , Ditroilo Massimiliano 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fatigue on musculoarticular stiffness (MAS) of the ankle joint across sexes. Methods: Twenty‐seven males and 26 females participated in the study. After baseline assessment of MAS and related variables, localised fatigue was induced in triceps surae using the standing heel‐rise test during which the subjects were instructed to lift and drop the heel at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. When subjects were unable to continue due to exhaustion the test was terminated and another MAS test was performed soon after. Results: Significant higher triceps surae MAS was found in men compared to women (p < .01). MAS decreased (p < .01) between pre‐ and post‐fatigue on average from 18.0 to 17.0 KN m−1 and from 14.5 to 13.9 KN m−1 in men and women, respectively. Percentage changes revealed, however, that in relative terms the changes in all the variables evaluated were similar (p > .01) between sexes, with MAS less than 5%. Conclusion: Despite the sex‐related differences at baseline, fatigue seems to affect biomechanical properties of the ankle joint similarly in men and women.
“Accordin’ to the Gospel of Etymology”: Burlesque Sermons on Early Commercial Sound Recordings
Authors: Bauman Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAmong the most highly esteemed verbal artists in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American society were preachers, some of whom attained a remarkable degree of celebrity. As Bakhtin has reminded us, however, ritual forms like the sermon are prime targets for carnivalesque rekeying. Sermon parodies were abundant in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American popular culture from the Jacksonian period onward. As the producers of early commercial sound recordings in the United States (ca. mid-1890s–1920) sought to build their market with expressive forms that would be attractive to consumers, they included sermon parodies in their catalogs. The most common sermon parodies in the early commercial record catalogs had a special edge. They were burlesque performances, drawn from the minstrel-show tradition, in which performers in blackface animated popular stereotypes of the traditional African-American preacher. In this essay, I examine a sampling of these parodies of the African-American oral sermon to suggest what we can learn from them about the popular entertainments of the day, the emergent culture of commercial sound recording, and the racial politics of the United States at the turn of the twentieth century.
Registers in Circulation: The Social Organization of Interdiscursivity
Authors: Gal Susan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe major outlines of enregisterment as a metasemiotic process are well understood in linguistic anthropology, so we can turn to its further systematic implications. The article explores three “moments” in enregisterment, positing that practices and value projects create registers that act as clasps, relays, and graftings, each producing interdiscursivity and thus circulation. They connect arenas of social action in different ways. The connections are rightly called social organizations of interdiscursivity, since they link and organize not only discourses and registers but also the societal arrangements—NGOs, nonprofits, welfare offices, political platforms, academic circles—that are constituted around registers and through which registers have their powerful effects of connection (and separation) in specific historical moments. The examples, mostly from the politics of Hungary, surely have parallels elsewhere.
On Semiotic Ideology
Authors: Keane Webb 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article reviews the concept of semiotic ideology and its implications. Semiotic ideology refers to people’s underlying assumptions about what signs are, what functions signs serve, and what consequences they might produce. Those assumptions vary across social and historical contexts. But semiotic ideology as such is not a kind of false consciousness, nor is it something that some people have and others do not. Rather, semiotic ideology manifests the reflexivity that is inherent to the general human sign-using capacity. It ties general semiotic processes to specific judgments of ethical and political value: to take a sign a certain way is to take seriously the world it presupposes and, often, the life that that world recommends. Two examples show how attention to semiotic ideologies sheds light on the articulation of general semiotic processes with particular social, cultural, and political ones. The analysis of social class helps show some political implications of semiotic ideologies. Clashes over the status of religious signs reveal the ontological and ethical entailments of semiotic ideologies, in which the very existence of a sign’s object may be in dispute. Such ongoing semiotic processes help endow social existence with much of its constructive, uncertain, and conflictual character.