bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Effects and Choice between the Injectable Agents Amikacin and Capreomycin in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Arnold Amber , Cooke Graham S. , Kon Onn Min , Dedicoat Martin , Lipman Marc , Loyse Angela , Chis Ster Irina , Harrison Thomas S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

The prolonged use of injectable agents in a regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is recommended by the World Health Organization, despite its association with ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. We undertook this study to look at the relative adverse effects of capreomycin and amikacin. We reviewed the case notes of 100 consecutive patients treated at four MDR-TB treatment centers in the United Kingdom. The median total duration of treatment with an injectable agent was 178 days (interquartile range [IQR], 109 to 192 days;
n
= 73) for those with MDR-TB, 179 days (IQR, 104 to 192 days;
n
= 12) for those with MDR-TB plus fluoroquinolone resistance, and 558 days (IQR, 324 to 735 days;
n
= 8) for those with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Injectable use was longer for those started with capreomycin (183 days; IQR, 123 to 197 days) than those started with amikacin (119 days; IQR, 83 to 177 days) (
P
= 0.002). Excluding patients with XDR-TB, 51 of 85 (60%) patients were treated with an injectable for over 6 months and 12 of 85 (14%) were treated with an injectable for over 8 months. Forty percent of all patients discontinued the injectable due to hearing loss. Fifty-five percent of patients experienced ototoxicity, which was 5 times (hazard ratio [HR], 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 22.6;
P
= 0.03) more likely to occur in those started on amikacin than in those treated with capreomycin only. Amikacin was associated with less hypokalemia than capreomycin (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.72), with 5 of 37 (14%) patients stopping capreomycin due to recurrent electrolyte loss. There was no difference in the number of patients experiencing a rise in the creatinine level of >1.5 times the baseline level. Hearing loss is frequent in this cohort, though its incidence is significantly lower in those starting capreomycin, which should be given greater consideration as a first-line agent.
The Trophic Life Cycle Stage of the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Pneumocystis murina Hinders the Ability of Dendritic Cells To Stimulate CD4
+
T Cell Responses
Authors: Evans Heather M. , Simpson Andrew , Shen Shu , Stromberg Arnold J. , Pickett Carol L. , Garvy Beth A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

The life cycle of the opportunistic fungal pathogen
Pneumocystis murina
consists of a trophic stage and an ascus-like cystic stage. Infection with the cyst stage induces proinflammatory immune responses, while trophic forms suppress the cytokine response to multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including β-glucan. A targeted gene expression assay was used to evaluate the dendritic cell response following stimulation with trophic forms alone, with a normal mixture of trophic forms and cysts, or with β-glucan. We demonstrate that stimulation with trophic forms downregulated the expression of multiple genes normally associated with the response to infection, including genes encoding transcription factors. Trophic forms also suppressed the expression of genes related to antigen processing and presentation, including the gene encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator, CIITA. Stimulation of dendritic cells with trophic forms, but not a mixture of trophic forms and cysts, reduced the expression of MHC class II and the costimulatory molecule CD40 on the surface of the cells. These defects in the expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules corresponded with a reduced capacity for trophic form-loaded dendritic cells to stimulate CD4
+
T cell proliferation and polarization. These data are consistent with the delayed innate and adaptive responses previously observed in immunocompetent mice inoculated with trophic forms compared to responses in mice inoculated with a mixture of trophic forms and cysts. We propose that trophic forms broadly inhibit the ability of dendritic cells to fulfill their role as antigen-presenting cells.
Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Vehmeijer Jim T. , Koyak Zeliha , Budts Werner , Harris Louise , Silversides Candice K. , Oechslin Erwin N. , Bouma Berto J. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Mulder Barbara J.M. , de Groot Joris R. 
Published: July 2017

Background—
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of mortality in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients. SCD may be prevented by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation, but patient stratification remains troublesome. The 2014 Consensus Statement on Arrhythmias in ACHD patients and the 2015 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines specified recommendations for ICD implantation in ACHD patients for the first time. We assess the discriminative ability of these ICD recommendations for SCD in ACHD patients.

Methods and Results—

Of 25 790 ACHD patients in an international multicenter registry, we identified all SCD cases, matched to living controls by age, sex, congenital defect, and surgical repair. We assessed all primary prevention ICD recommendations listed in both documents. We used conditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve.
Consensus Statement:
One hundred twenty-four cases (median age at death, 33 years [26–44]; 67% men) and 230 controls were studied. In total, 41% of SCD cases and 17% of controls had an ICD recommendation (odds ratio, 5.9;
P
<0.001).
European Society of Cardiology Guidelines:
Of one hundred fifty-seven cases (median age at death, 33 years [26–48]; 64% men) and 292 controls, 35% and 14% had an ICD recommendation, respectively (odds ratio, 4.8;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
A minority of SCD cases had an ICD recommendation according to these guidelines, whereas the majority of SCD victims remained unrecognized. With an area under the curve of 0.6 to 0.7, the discriminative ability of both guidelines was mediocre. Critical clinical reasoning when deciding on ICD implantation in ACHD patients, therefore, remains vital.
Peripheral Venous Pressure Measurements in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (PVP-HF)
Authors: Sperry Brett W. , Campbell Joseph , Yanavitski Marat , Kapadia Samir , Tang W.H. Wilson , Hanna Mazen 
Published: July 2017

Background
Accurate assessment of volume status is essential in diagnosis and guidance of decongestive therapy in patients with acute heart failure. We sought to compare peripheral venous pressure (PVP) with central venous pressure (CVP), as well as other invasive hemodynamic measurements, in patients hospitalized with an acute heart failure syndrome.

Methods and Results

PVP-HF (Peripheral Venous Pressure Measurements in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure) was a single-center prospective study, which enrolled patients admitted with acute heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction or disease pathogenesis. PVP and intracardiac pressures were obtained by transducing a peripheral intravenous and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, after zeroing at the phlebostatic axis. Data were compared using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. A total of 30 patients (median age 64 years, 73% male, 30% ischemic pathogenesis) were enrolled. Mean ejection fraction was 31%, and 60% had moderate or greater right ventricular dysfunction. Median PVP was 9.5 (6–17) mm Hg, CVP was 8.5 (6–18) mm Hg, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 18 (14–21) mm Hg. PVP and CVP were found to be highly correlated (
r
=0.947), while PVP and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were found to be moderately correlated (
r
=0.565). The mean difference between PVP and CVP was 0.4 mm Hg and between PVP and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 7.5 mm Hg.

Conclusions
In patients with acute heart failure syndromes, a simple assessment of PVP demonstrates a high correlation with CVP. These findings suggest that PVP may be useful in the standard bedside clinical assessment of volume status in these patients to help guide decongestive therapy.
Burrow excavation and mudballing behaviour of the fiddler crab Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) from southern Thailand
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej 
Published: July 2017

We video-recorded and examined the burrow building behaviour of small and large males and females of Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Males took a longer time than females, and larger crabs took a longer time than smaller ones, to build burrows. Higher numbers of mudballs were excavated from inside the burrows during the build of the burrows by males than by females, and by larger crabs than by smaller ones. Crab carapace width was positively correlated with the time required to build burrows, and with the number of mudballs excavated from inside the burrows during the build of these burrows. We observed that 82% of the females placed the mudballs near their burrow entrance, whereas 85% of the males placed the mudballs far from their burrow entrance. After building the burrows, 71% of the females went inside the burrow and plugged the burrow entrance, and 90% of the males foraged for food.
Religion and Belief After the Turn to Power: A Response to Craig Martin
Authors: Bush Stephen S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The introduction of power as a key analytical concept was a watershed moment in the history of religious studies. But what exactly does it mean to embrace the turn to power? Does it mean giving up on the study of experiences, meanings, and beliefs? Or does it just mean changing how we approach them? In my book, Visions of Religion, I argue that we can retain experience and meaning as meaningful analytical concepts even after the turn to power. We can do so without embracing any of the key assumptions of perennialism or what Craig Martin calls neo-perennialism. In this response to Martin, I show that his categorization of my approach as neo-perennialist is based upon a series of misattributions.
Jurisdiction and Admissibility in International Investment Law
Authors: Reinisch August 
Published: July 2017

The distinction between jurisdictional and admissibility issues in investment arbitration is becoming more and more relevant. This results from an emerging jurisprudence emphasizing that a tribunal that lacks jurisdiction will have to dismiss a case brought before it, while it has discretion whether to dismiss a claim for reasons of inadmissibility, in particular, because the latter defects may be curable. Conceptually this difference is rooted in the idea that “jurisdiction is an attribute of a tribunal and not of a claim, whereas admissibility is an attribute of a claim but not of a tribunal”,1 with the consequence that “[t]he concept of ‘admissibility’ refers to the varied reasons that a tribunal, although it has jurisdiction, may decline to hear a case or a claim.”2
This overview article will briefly outline a number of issues in regard to which investment tribunals have disagreed whether to qualify them as jurisdictional or admissibility-related. These range from so-called waiting periods, requiring investors to first seek amicable dispute settlement or to litigate before national courts, to express or implied “in accordance with host state law”-clauses. This article argues that the outcomes of many of these cases, which often appear to be inconsistent, may be explained on the basis of different conceptual qualifications as jurisdictional or admissibility-related issues.
The Problem of Rule-Choice Redux
Authors: Tambolo Luca 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we tackle the contribution that history of science can make to the problem of rule-choice, i.e., the choice from among competing methodological rules. Taking our cue from Larry Laudan’s writings, we extensively discuss what we call historicist naturalism, i.e., the view that history of science plays a pivotal role in the justification of rules, since it is one source of the evidence required to settle methodological controversies. As we illustrate, there are cases of rule-choice that depend on conceptual considerations alone, and in which history of science does not factor. Moreover, there are cases in which methodological change is prompted – and explained – by empirical information that is not historical in nature: as suggested by what we call scientific naturalism, the justification of methodological choices comes from our knowledge of the structure of the world, as expressed by our currently accepted scientific theories. As we argue, due to its backward-looking character, historicist naturalism does not satisfactorily deal with the case of newly introduced rules, for which no evidence concerning their past performance is available. In sum, we conclude, the contribution that history of science can make to rule-choice is more modest than Laudan suggests.
The oldest fossil of Duabanga from Kutch, western India
Authors: Shukla Anumeha , Mehrotra R.C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe systematics of a fossil wood assigned to Duabangoxylon (family Lythraceae) is described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Kutch, Gujarat, western India considered to be late Maastrichtian to early Danian in age. This fossil is the oldest record of Duabanga as its previous records are not older than Eocene. As the intertrappean flora of Kutch is poorly known, the present fossil not only enriches this flora but also helps in the reconstruction of palaeoclimate.
Transient Positioning of a Silicone T Tube in Frontal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Yamasoba Tatsuya , Kikuchi Shigeru , Higo Ryuzaburo 
Published: July 2017

We applied transient positioning of a silicone T tube in 18 patients with frontal sinus cysts. Inflammation in the nasal cavity usually subsided within 6 months of surgery, whereas the frontal sinus showed pathologic changes in more than half of the patients even 6 months after surgery. After removal of the tube, the nasofrontal passage remained open in 16 patients who obtained good aeration with an intact mucosal lining in the frontal sinus, but it eventually closed in the remaining 2 patients who failed to obtain good aeration. This finding suggests that persistent inflammation in the frontal sinus encourages the closure of the nasofrontal passage and that transient positioning of a silicone T tube is successful if it is removed after subsidence of inflammation in the sinonasal tract.
Some Aspects of Tricuspid Atresia
Authors: Djalil Thaher , Sunarno Palupi , Rachman Otte J. , Madiyono Bambang 
Published: July 2017

During the period of 5 years, from the beginning of 1971 up tp the end of 1975, out of 2054 sick children seen in the Pediatric Outpatient Division of the Department of Cardiology Medical School, University of lndonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta, 1073 patients were found to have congenital heant disease. Ten out of these 1073 CHD patients have been diagnosed as Tricuspid Atresia on the clinioal basis, giving the incidence of 0.93% of all CHD, of whom 5 were boys and 5 were girls, mean age being 36.5% months (range 2 months to 12 years). Hemodynamic studies have been done to 3 of the 10 patients, all of which confirmed the diagnosis. Two children went to surgery. Anatomic and radiologic classification and types of the disease in those 3 children and some clinical aspects and hemodynamic studies are discussed. It is stressed that early recognition and surgical intervention are indicated, and still should be improved.
Effect of Mn Concentration on Magneto-mechnaical Properties in Directionally Solidified Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys
Authors: Singh R.K , Raja M. Manivel , Ghosal P. , Mathur R.P. 
Published: July 2017

Heusler type alloys Ni50Mn25+xGa25-x (x=2,3,4 and 5) based on near stoichiometric Ni2MnGa compositions were directionally solidified using modified Bridgman method. The alloys thus prepared were characterized for their chemical composition, crystal structure, microstructure, phase transformation, magnetic and magneto-mechanical properties. The directionally solidified Ni50Mn30Ga20 alloy rod exhibited maximum magnetocrystalline value of 95 kJm-3 and lowest detwinning stresses for martensite phase of about 5MPa. The reversible room temperature magnetic field induced strain of 0.2% under external magnetic field of 0.6T and 0.05kN bias load was obtained for the directionally solidified Ni50Mn30Ga20 alloy.
Unilateral Stiffness Interventions Augment Vertical Stiffness and Change of Direction Speed
Authors: Maloney Sean J. , Richards Joanna , Jelly Luke , Fletcher Iain M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Maloney, SJ, Richards, J, Jelly, L, and Fletcher, IM. Unilateral stiffness interventions augment vertical stiffness and change of direction speed. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 372–379, 2019—It has previously been shown that preconditioning interventions can augment change of direction speed (CODS). However, the mechanistic nature of these augmentations has not been well considered. The current study sought to determine the effects of preconditioning interventions designed to augment vertical stiffness on CODS. Following familiarization, 10 healthy males (age: 22 ± 2 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 75.1 ± 8.7 kg) performed 3 different stiffness interventions in a randomized and counterbalanced order. The interventions were: (a) bilateral-focused, (b) unilateral-focused, and (c) a control of CODS test practice. Vertical stiffness and joint stiffness were determined preintervention and postintervention using a single-leg drop jump task. Change of direction speed test performance was assessed postintervention using a double 90° cutting task. Performances following the unilateral intervention were significantly faster than control (1.7%; p = 0.011; d = −1.08), but not significantly faster than the bilateral intervention (1.0% faster; p = 0.14; d = −0.59). Versus control, vertical stiffness was 14% greater (p = 0.049; d = 0.39) following the unilateral intervention and 11% greater (p = 0.019; d = 0.31) following the bilateral intervention; there was no difference between unilateral and bilateral interventions (p = 0.94; d = −0.08). The findings of the current study suggest that unilateral preconditioning interventions designed to augment vertical stiffness improve CODS within this experimental cohort.
Exact Calculation of the Joint Allele Frequency Spectrum for Isolation with Migration Models
Authors: Kern Andrew D , Hey Jody 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Population genomic datasets collected over the past decade have spurred interest in developing methods that can utilize massive numbers of loci for inference of demographic and selective histories of populations. The allele frequency spectrum (AFS) provides a convenient statistic for such analysis, and, accordingly, much attention has been paid to predicting theoretical expectations of the AFS under a number of different models. However, to date, exact solutions for the joint AFS of two or more populations under models of migration and divergence have not been found. Here, we present a novel Markov chain representation of the coalescent on the state space of the joint AFS that allows for rapid, exact calculation of the joint AFS under isolation with migration (IM) models. In turn, we show how our Markov chain method, in the context of composite likelihood estimation, can be used for accurate inference of parameters of the IM model using SNP data. Lastly, we apply our method to recent whole genome datasets from African Drosophila melanogaster.
Sistema integrado de gestión
Authors: Arevalo Pablo 
Published: July 2017

Como parte del proceso de globalización y la firma de tratados de libre apertura comercial con otros países, los grupos industriales del Ecuador inician un largo camino en la demostración voluntaria de su competitividad empresarial, a través del cumplimiento de estándares nacionales e internacionales, la implementación de sistemas de autorregulación y la adopción de iniciativas voluntarias en diversas áreas de interés con fines relacionados con su inserción en los mercados globales, y es en este sentido que los esfuerzos internacionales por armonizar los aspectos
Bandidos na Literatura Romana: A importancia das sátiras para uma abordagem histórica do banditismo...<br /><em>Bandits in Roman literature: the importance of the satires for addressing the question of banditry...</em>
Authors: Garraffoni Renata S. 
Published: July 2017

RESUMEN Para los historiadores de la época romana imperial que se ocupen de los bandidos y de los pobres en la sociedad romana desde el inicio del Principado, las sátiras son, sin duda, una fuente de información muy importante. Así, el objetivo del artículo es discutir el bandolerismo en la sociedad romana teniendo en cuenta el Satyricon escrito por Petronio y las Metamorfosis, cuyo autor es Apuleyo. Intento estudiar la relación entre historia y literatura, en especial su potencialidad para discutir modelos normativos sobre el pasado romano y buscar formas alternativas para reflexionar sobre masculinidades marginalizadas. PALABRAS CLAVE: bandolerismo, literatura e historia, sociedad romana, sátiras romanas, masculinidades marginales ABSTRACT Regarding studies on bandits and poor people in Roman society during the beginning of the Principate, the satirical novels comprise a very important corpus of evidence. The aim of this paper is to focus on Petronius’ Satyricon and Apuleius’ Metamorphosis to discuss banditry in Roman society. I shall also discuss how literature can provide new insights to rethink marginalized masculinities in Roman society. KEYWORDS: banditry, history and literature, Roman society, Roman satires, marginalized masculinities