bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Glabellar Contraction Patterns in Chinese and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Treating Glabellar Lines: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Zhou Jun , Chen Shujun 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND
Published research studies have described the existence of 5 glabellar contraction patterns. Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) has been an approved and effective treatment of glabellar lines.

OBJECTIVE
To study the pattern and frequency of glabellar contraction patterns in the Chinese population. To compare injection patterns and doses of BoNTA in Westerners within China.

METHODS
Four hundred fifty-six healthy volunteers were randomly recruited. Photographs both in static and in frown state were taken and classified based on the method of 5 glabellar line patterns. The severity of the glabellar lines both at repose and during forced contraction was assessed by the Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS). Subsequently, 75 of them were treated with BoNTA.

RESULTS
The frequency of the various glabellar line patterns differs greatly between Chinese and Westerners with the “Converging arrows” pattern being the most common type and the “V” pattern being the least common when compared with the Westerners. Lower doses of BoNTA significantly improved the static and dynamic glabellar lines in the Chinese.

CONCLUSION
The classification of 5 glabellar patterns is compatible for the Chinese population despite different proportions. The dosage of BoNTA should be less than 20 U during treatment in China with lowered incidence of complications.
Splenic Rupture and Liver Laceration in an Adolescent With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Neville Desiree Noel Wagner , Marin Jennifer R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We report a case of a 16-year-old adolescent boy with autism who presented to the pediatric emergency department after falling from a standing position, with a relatively benign examination, who was found to have significant hemoperitoneum on the focused assessment with sonography in trauma examination.
MAGIC: A diffusion-based imputation method reveals gene-gene interactions in single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Dijk David van , Nainys Juozas , Sharma Roshan , Kaithail Pooja , Carr Ambrose J. , Moon Kevin R. , Mazutis Linas , Wolf Guy , Krishnaswamy Smita , Pe'er Dana 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTSingle-cell RNA-sequencing is fast becoming a major technology that is revolutionizing biological discovery in fields such as development, immunology and cancer. The ability to simultaneously measure thousands of genes at single cell resolution allows, among other prospects, for the possibility of learning gene regulatory networks at large scales. However, scRNA-seq technologies suffer from many sources of significant technical noise, the most prominent of which is ‘dropout’ due to inefficient mRNA capture. This results in data that has a high degree of sparsity, with typically only ~10% non-zero values. To address this, we developedMAGIC (Markov Affinity-based Graph Imputation of Cells),a method for imputing missing values, and restoring the structure of the data. After MAGIC, we find that two- and three-dimensional gene interactions are restored and that MAGIC is able to impute complex and non-linear shapes of interactions. MAGIC also retains cluster structure, enhances cluster-specific gene interactions and restores trajectories, as demonstrated in mouse retinal bipolar cells, hematopoiesis, and our newly generated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition dataset.
Functional dissection of the Pol V large subunit CTD in RNA-directed DNA methylation
Authors: Wendte Jered M. , Haag Jeremy R. , Singh Jasleen , McKinlay Anastasia , Pontes Olga M. , Pikaard Craig S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlant multisubunit RNA Polymerase V transcription recruits Argonaute siRNA complexes that specify sites of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) for gene silencing. Pol V's largest subunit, NRPE1, evolved from the largest subunit of Pol II but has a distinctive carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD). We show that the Pol V CTD is dispensable for catalytic activity in vitro, yet essential in vivo. One CTD subdomain (DeCL), is required for Pol V function at virtually all loci. other CTD subdomains have locusspecific effects. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, the 3'->5' exoribonuclease, RRP6L1 was identified as an interactor with the DeCL subdomain and DeCL and glutamine-serine-rich (QS) subdomains, located downstream from an Argonaute-binding repeat subdomain. Experimental evidence indicates that RRP6L1 trims the 3’ ends of Pol V transcripts sliced by ARGONAUTE 4 (AGO4), suggesting a model whereby the CTD enables the spatial and temporal coordination of AGO4 and RRP6L1 RNA processing activities.
Super-resolution microscopy reveals the three-dimensional organization of meiotic chromosome axes in intactC. eleganstissue
Authors: Köhler Simone , Wojcik Michal , Xu Ke , Dernburg Abby F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhen cells enter meiosis, their chromosomes reorganize as linear arrays of chromatin loops anchored to a central axis. Meiotic chromosome axes form a platform for the assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC), and play central roles in other meiotic processes, including homologous pairing, recombination, and chromosome segregation. However, little is known about the three-dimensional organization of components within the axes, which consist of cohesin complexes and additional meiosis-specific proteins. Here we investigate the molecular organization of meiotic chromosome axes inC. elegansthrough STORM and PALM superresolution imaging of intact germline tissue. By tagging one axis protein (HIM-3) with a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, we established a spatial reference for other components, which were localized using antibodies against epitope tags inserted by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Using three-dimensional averaging, we determined the 3D-organization of all known components within synapsed chromosome axes to a precision of 2-5 nanometers. We find that meiosis-specific HORMA-domain proteins span a gap between cohesin complexes and the central region of the SC, consistent with their essential roles in SC assembly. Our data further suggest that the two different meiotic cohesin complexes are distinctly arranged within the axes: Cohesin complexes containing COH-3 or -4 kleisins form a central core in the central plane of the axes, whereas complexes containing REC-8 kleisin protrude above and below the plane defined by the SC. This splayed organization may help to explain the role of the chromosome axes in promoting inter-homolog repair of meiotic double strand breaks by inhibiting inter-sister repair.
Auditing for privacy in threshold PKE e-voting
Authors: Kiayias Aggelos , Zacharias Thomas , Zhang Bingsheng 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the importance of auditing for election privacy via issues that appear in the state-of-the-art implementations of e-voting systems that apply threshold public key encryption (TPKE) in the client such as Helios and use a bulletin board (BB).

Design/methodology/approach
Argumentation builds upon a formal description of a typical TPKE-based e-voting system where the election authority (EA) is the central node in a star network topology. The paper points out the weaknesses of the said topology with respect to privacy and analyzes how these weaknesses affect the security of several instances of TPKE-based e-voting systems. Overall, it studies the importance of auditing from a privacy aspect.

Findings
The paper shows that without public key infrastructure (PKI) support or – more generally – authenticated BB “append” operations, TPKE-based e-voting systems are vulnerable to attacks where the malicious EA can act as a man-in-the-middle between the election trustees and the voters; hence, it can learn how the voters have voted. As a countermeasure for such attacks, this work suggests compulsory trustee auditing. Furthermore, it analyzes how lack of cryptographic proof verification affects the level of privacy that can be provably guaranteed in a typical TPKE e-voting system.

Originality/value
As opposed to the extensively studied importance of auditing to ensure election integrity, the necessity of auditing to protect privacy in an e-voting system has been mostly overlooked. This paper reveals design weaknesses present in noticeable TPKE-based e-voting systems that can lead to a total breach of voters’ privacy and shows how auditing can be applied for providing strong provable privacy guarantees.
Emerging diversity in management accounting research
Authors: Kihn Lili-Anne , Näsi Salme 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Several scholars have recently highlighted the narrowness of accounting research regarding it as a threat to scholarly developments in the field. The aim of this study was to chart progress in management accounting research using a sample of doctoral dissertations published in Finland. In particular, the study examines the range and diversity of research strategic choices in Finnish dissertations over time, including the topics and methodological and theoretical approaches chosen. The authors also briefly compare findings over time and with other progress studies.

Design/methodology/approach
A longitudinal historical investigation was selected. All of the 80 management accounting doctoral dissertations published in Finnish business schools and departments during 1945-2015 were analysed.

Findings
The findings reveal that an expansion of doctoral education has led to an increasing diversity of research strategic choices in Finland. Different issues have been of interest at different times; so, it has been possible to cover a wide range of cost, management accounting and other topics and to use different methodological and theoretical approaches over time. Consequently, management accounting has become a rich and multifaceted field of scientific research.

Research limitations/implications
While this analysis is limited to doctoral research in Finland, the results should be relevant in advancing the understanding of the development of management accounting research.

Practical implications
Overall, the findings support the view that there have been, and continue to be, many ways to conduct innovative research in the field of management accounting.

Social implications
Dissertation research in this field has been extensive and vital enough to educate new generations of academics, guarantee continuity of the subject as an academic discipline and make management accounting a significant academic field of research.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to current research on management accounting change by an analysis of a sample of doctoral dissertations.
The association of a probiotic with a prebiotic (Flortec, Bracco) to improve the quality/quantity of spermatozoa in infertile patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia: a pilot study
Authors: Maretti C. , Cavallini G. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe hypothesis that the assumption of a probiotic associated with a prebiotic (Flortec, Bracco; one sachet contains: Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 5 × 109 cells + arabinogalctan 1243 mg + oligo‐fructosaccharides 700 mg + l‐glutamine 500 mg) could improve the quality and quantity of spermatozoa in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia (iAOT) patients to a larger extent than a control substance (starch) was tested. Forty‐one patients with no chromosomal aberrations were randomized into two groups: 20 received Flortec, one sachet per day for 6 months, whereas 21 received the control substance. The following data were collected: clinical history, scrotal Doppler scans, Y microdeletion, karyotype and cystic fibrosis screens, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL) levels, and two semen analyses. Both the Flortec and the starch groups underwent two semen analyses and one FSH, LH, T, E2, and PRL measurement in the blood, at the beginning of the study, and after 6 months. The comparisons were carried out using a non‐parametric (Wilcoxon signed rank) test. The side effects were assessed and compared using the chi‐squared test. Group 1 (Flortec) had their sperm count improved: volume of the ejaculate (median from 2.4 to 3.1 mL; p < 0.01), sperm concentration (median: from 15.2 × 106/mL to 28.3 × 106/39 mL; p < 0.01), progressive motility (median: from 16.2 to 42.0%; p < 0.01), and the percentage of typical forms (median: from 7 to 16.3%; p < 0.01); in addition, their FSH, LH, and T levels improved (p < 0.01), while those of E2 and PRL did not. Group 2 (control substance) had no modification in 42 of the parameters studied. There were no side effects in either group. These data showed that Flortec constitutes a safe therapy for improving the volume of the ejaculate and the quality/quantity of spermatozoa in iOAT patients.
Prediction of infarct size using two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Doğan Cem , Bayram Zübeyde , Candan Özkan , Omaygenç Onur , Yılmaz Fatih , Acar Rezzan Deniz , Akbal Özgür Yaşar , Kaymaz Cihangir , Özdemir Nihal 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the myocardial damage (infarct size provided by cardiac single‐photon emission tomography) in early stages of the infarction using longitudinal strain and rotational parameters of the left ventricle.MethodsThe study included 66 patients with anterior myocardial infarction (AMI) and 62 patients with inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) who underwent primary percutaneous intervention as well as a control group consisting of 50 healthy subjects. LV rotational parameters based on parasternal short‐axis views in basal and apical planes and global longitudinal strain were measured with apical four‐chamber, apical two‐chamber, and apical long‐axis views.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between infarct size and GLPSavg (r=−.55 <.001), GTOR angle (r=−.52, P<.001), apical rotation angle (r=−.40 <.001, and EF (r=−.43, <.001). While cutoff values were GLPSavg: 11.9 (AUC=0.78), GTOR angle: 11.4° (AUC=0.77), apical rotation angle: 7.1° (AUC=0.76) for patients with an infarct size greater than 20%, the cutoff values were GLPSavg: 10.7 (AUC=0.75), GTOR angle: 8.7° (AUC=0.86), apical rotation angle: 4.35° (AUC=0.87) for those with an infarct size greater than 40%.ConclusionGLPSavg, GTOR angle, and apical rotation angle values may be used to determine the extent of infarction in early post‐MI period, thereby allowing precautions to be taken for remodeling in early stages.
Predictors and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation developed during dobutamine stress echocardiography: A propensity score‐matched comparison
Authors: Acharya Yuba , Agrawal Sahil , Bhattarai Junu , Cotarlan Vlad , Shirani Jamshid 
Published: March 2017

AimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) uncommonly occurs during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). We aimed to characterize the predictors and long‐term prognostic significance of AF during DSE.MethodsThe clinical, echocardiographic, and outcome data of patients in sinus rhythm who developed AF during DSE were reviewed and compared to a propensity score‐matched group of controls.ResultsAtrial fibrillation developed in 73 (1% of 7026) patients (age 70±10 years, 58% men). Compared to 144 propensity score‐matched controls without AF during DSE, those with AF were more likely to have had history of prior AF (23% vs 8%, P=.002), known coronary artery disease (CAD; 22% vs 10%, P=.037), enlarged left ventricle (LV; 27% vs 9%, P=.002), LV wall‐motion abnormality (33% vs 12%, P<.0001), enlarged aortic root (22% vs 8%, P=.009), or dilated left atrium (52% vs 30%, P=.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified prior history of AF (OR=3.7, 95% CI 1.5–9.0, P=.005), larger LV size (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.3, P=.009), and lower LV ejection fraction (OR=−0.95, 95% CI −0.92 to −0.99, P=.02) as independent predictors of AF during DSE. At a mean follow‐up period of 3.4 (0.5‐7.3) years, those with AF during DSE were more likely to develop new coronary events (22% vs 10%, P=.0372), new‐onset heart failure (19% vs 4%, P=.0003), or die from any cause (27% vs 6%, P<.0001). Kaplan‐Meier curves demonstrated significantly lower event‐free survival in patients compared to controls (P by log‐rank test=.001) over the follow‐up period.ConclusionDobutamine‐induced AF occurs more commonly in those with prior history of AF and remodeled LV and is associated with unfavorable outcomes.
VAP score as a novel non‐invasive liver fibrosis model in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Ahmed Hassan Elham , Sharaf El‐Din Abd El‐Rehim Abeer , Ahmed Sayed Zain El‐Abdeen , Farah Mohamed Kholef Emad , Sabry Abeer , Abd El‐Rehim Abo Elhagag Noha 
Published: March 2017

AimAssessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients is necessary before antiviral treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eight non‐invasive models (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/alanine transaminase ratio [AAR], AST/platelet ratio index [APRI], fibrosis–cirrhosis index [FCI], fibrosis index [FI], fibrosis‐4 [FIB‐4] score, fibrosis quotient [FibroQ], King, and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF‐Ag)/thrombocyte ratio [VITRO] scores) for predicting fibrosis compared with liver biopsy and to create a new score for predicting different fibrosis stages with increased accuracy.MethodsWe prospectively studied 127 treatment‐naive CHC patients who underwent liver biopsy. The AAR, APRI, FCI, FI, FIB‐4, FibroQ, King and VITRO scores were calculated and correlated with fibrosis stages. A new score (VAP) was derived from vWF‐Ag, AST, and platelets: [VAP = (AST (U/L) × vWF‐Ag)/platelets (109/L)].ResultsApart from AAR, readily available scores were correlated with liver fibrosis stages. VITRO (r = 0.62) and APRI (r = 0.46) showed the closest correlation. Our new (VAP) score significantly correlated with fibrosis stages (r = 0.702, P < 0.001). Compared to other scores, VAP had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, with 0.854, 0.921, 0.849, and 0.861 for mild (F1), significant (≥F2), advanced (≥F3) fibrosis, and cirrhosis (F4) respectively. At a cut‐off value >1, VAP had 75.2% sensitivity and 100% positive predictive value for predicting mild fibrosis. At a cut‐off value >2.3 for predicting cirrhosis, VAP had 73% sensitivity and 81.7% positive predictive value.ConclusionsThe VAP score is a novel model that had higher diagnostic performance to predict different fibrosis stages and subclinical cirrhosis among CHC patients compared to the other studied scores and hence may offer a useful strategy to stratify patients who would benefit from direct‐acting antivirals.
Dermatophytes from the Soil of West Bengal [India]
Authors: Shome S.K. , Shome Usha 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe authors report the results of screening for dermatophytes soil samples from diverse localities of West Bengal (India). Seventy per cent of these soil samples proved positive; samples obtained from all the diverse localities, except from a pond bank, gave positive results. Nineteen strains of dermatophytes, comprising 11 strains of M. gypseum and eight of T. mentagrophytes, were isolated. Both dermatophytes were present in five samples.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Antiseborrheic Shampoo
Authors: Christianson H. B. 
Published: March 2017

Summary and ConclusionsThe shampoo studied appears to be valuable in the adjunctive treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, atopic dermatitis and acne miliaris necrotica. It is of limited value in partial diffuse idiopathic alopecia if associated with seborrhea.
Patologia Cutanea “Mediterranea”
Authors: Cottini G.B. , Musumeci V. 
Published: March 2017

Summary and ConclusionsTropical and subtropical as well as continental skin pathology blend into one another in the Mediterranean area, which encompasses the North African shores, the Middle East and the southern coast of the European continent. Geographic location, climatic conditions, local economy and customs, and medical and social structure all affect the morbidity in a given area. The study of these aspects as they relate to morbidity would certainly appear to be of great interest.Such a study would include the development of investigational designs of skin physiology and physiopathology as they affect the ecology of a certain area. From the point of view of pathology, that resulting from existing epidemiologic characteristics and the non‐infective pathology strictly associated with environmental factors are of equal importance.The study of the morbid characteristics most closely related to this pathology not only clarifies contributory or primary local factors but also proves useful in determining various aspects of the over‐all pathology.
Effectiveness of a 12‐week school‐based educational preventive programme on weight and fasting blood glucose in “at‐risk” adolescents of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bani Salameh Ayman , Al‐sheyab Nihaya , El‐hneiti Mamdouh , Shaheen Abeer , Williams Leonie M. , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo assess the effectiveness of a 12‐week school‐based educational preventive programme for type 2 diabetes by change in weight and fasting blood glucose level in Jordanian adolescents. Sixteen percent of Jordanian adults have obesity‐related type 2 diabetes and 5.6% of obese adolescents examined, however one‐third unexamined. Rates in Arabic countries will double in 20 years, but this can be prevented and reversed by controlling obesity. A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 unisex high schools in Irbid, Jordan, in 2012. Intervention and control participants, aged 12 to 18 years, were visibly overweight/obese. They were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 205) or control (n = 196) groups. At‐risk students were assessed before and after the 12‐week intervention, for change in weight and fasting blood glucose level following preventive instruction and parent‐supported changes. Mean age of participants was 15.3 years with equal percentages of both males (49.4%) and females. Post intervention, the intervention group, demonstrated statistically significant reductions: mean difference of 3.3 kg in weight (P < .000) and 1.36 mg/dL (0.075 mmol/L) in fasting blood glucose (P < .000). School‐based early prevention intervention effectively reduced weight and fasting blood glucose in Jordanian at‐risk adolescents.
Sensitivity analysis of the setup knapsack problem to perturbation of arbitrary profits or weights
Authors: Al‐Maliky Ferhan , Hifi Mhand , Mhalla Hedi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe setup knapsack problem can be viewed as a more complex version of the well‐known classical knapsack problem. An instance of such a problem may be defined by a set of n items that is divided into m different classes For each class, only one item is considered as a setup item. The aim of the problem is to pack a subset of items in a knapsack of a predefined capacity that maximizes an objective function. In this paper, we analyze the sensitivity of an optimal solution depending on the variation of the profits or weights of arbitrary items. The optimality of the solution at hand is guaranteed by establishing the sensitivity interval that is characterized by both lower and upper values (called limits). First, two cases are distinguished when varying the profits: perturbation of the profit of an item (either ordinary or setup item) and, variation of the profits of a couple of items containing both setup and ordinary items belonging to the same class. Second, two cases are studied, where the perturbation concerns the weights: the variation is relied on the weight of an item and, the case of the variation of the weights of a subset of items. The established results are first illustrated throughout a didactic example, where both approximate and exact methods are used for analyzing the quality of the proposed results. Finally, an extended experimental part is proposed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed limits.