bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La folie des uns fait le travail des autres, la vacma et le tramway
Authors: Foot Robin 
Published: October 2017

L’analyse du dispositif d’« homme mort » implanté sur les tramways nous amène à explorer l’imaginaire des concepteurs, exploitants et constructeurs au travers des métamorphoses de cet objet technique. Celui-ci se voit attribuer des fonctions fictives et fantasmatiques alors que s’oublie sa fonction originelle de détection de la défaillance. Cette dérive d’un objet technique prend appui, paradoxalement, sur une enquête menée par des médecins en 1965 associés à la Cgt Sncf . Cinquante plus tard, une nouvelle lutte, toujours avec la Cgt , mais dans le transport urbain, vient réinterroger cet « homme mort ».
Des alliances inattendues au service de l’idéologie managériale : les conditions culturelles postmodernes : Réflexions à la lecture de Apprendre pour transmettre de François Rastier
Authors: Tessier Hélène 
Published: October 2017

L’article constitue un commentaire de l’ouvrage de François Rastier Apprendre pour transmettre . L’éducation au service de l’idéologie managériale. Il examine les appuis que trouve l’idéologie managériale dans différentes disciplines, tels que décrits par Rastier, et s’interroge sur les rapports entre les courants qui neutralisent la résistance à cette idéologie et les conditions culturelles postmodernes. Il constate que ces différents courants partagent le même anti-humanisme, qui sert d’idéologie managériale dans sa lutte contre le sens.
Osservazioni sulla fiscalità diretta in età angioina : le forme del prelievo in terra di Bari e in Terra d’Otranto
Authors: Pizzuto Simona 
Published: October 2017

Il prelievo dell'imposta diretta rappresenta un tassello importante della politica fiscale angioina. La generalis subventio o colletta fu formalmente richiesta come tassazione straordinaria per la difesa del Regno ; tuttavia per la frequenza dell'esazione, essa si configurò, sostanzialmente, come un vero e proprio tributo ordinario e annuale. Nel solco dei cambiamenti già apportati dalla monarchia normanno-sveva, furono i primi due sovrani angioini, Carlo I e Carlo II, a intervenire nel sistema fiscale, precisando più compiutamente le funzioni degli ufficiali preposti alla riscossione dell'imposta e le procedure legate al prelievo. Le pratiche fiscali messe in atto nel corso del XIII secolo sono state ampiamente studiate nei lavori di Romolo Caggese, Giuseppe Galasso, Jean-Marie Martin, Serena Morelli e Giovanni Vitolo. Meno note sono invece le situazioni che si vennero a creare con i sovrani successivi, i quali non intervennero in maniera significativa in ambito fiscale, ma adottarono la politica già tracciata dai loro predecessori, declinandola secondo i contesti e le contingenze. Il presente lavoro si propone, pertanto, di offrire una panoramica sulle diverse modalità di applicazione del prelievo diretto nelle ancora poco studiate periferie del regno tra XIV e XV secolo, soffermandosi in particolare sulle due province di Terra di Bari e di Terra d'Otranto, sulla scorta della documentazione offerta dai Registri ricostruiti della Cancelleria Angioina, dai Libri Rossi e dai Codici Diplomatici. Verranno presi in considerazione alcuni interessanti aspetti dell'amministrazione fiscale : le competenze degli ufficiali preposti alla riscossione ; la serrata contrattazione tra la monarchia e le università ; le concessioni di riduzioni e remissioni di una parte o dell'itera somma da versare e infine la ripartizione dell'onere fiscale all'interno delle comunità.
Diritti e funzionari di passo. Per una lettura del sistema finanziario del regno
Authors: Dalena Pietro 
Published: October 2017

La problematica dell'istituzione dei diritti di passo e della nomina degli ufficiali preposti al loro controllo e alla loro riscossione si inserisce nel novero delle ricerche sui cosiddetti uffici minori e periferici del Regno. La ricostruzione delle loro vicende tende ad individuare embrioni di un nuovo ceto dirigente formato da cavalieri transalpini chiamati da Carlo I d'Angiò che subì un lento processo di integrazione a partire dal regno di Carlo II. La tassa dei passi, sin dalla prima età angioina, rappresentò un’entrata tra le più cospicue del bilancio della Corona che veniva in parte utilizzata per la manutenzione e la vigilanza delle strade. Un programma amministrativo, quest’ultimo, che, sul piano pratico si rivelò sterile e privo di efficacia, in quanto le funzioni pubbliche su molti passi spesso venivano esercitate da funzionari corrotti o da baroni infedeli che facevano proliferare il numero dei passi. Il fenomeno divenne più evidente durante il governo di Giovanna I d’Angiò. Per l’età angioina non ci sono pervenuti tariffari e non sappiamo a quanto ammontassero le somme rivenienti dai diritti di passo o quanto incidessero sul bilancio della Corona. Sicuramente avevano notevole rilievo se si considerino le circolari dei primi sovrani tese a stroncare il fenomeno della riscossione arbitraria. Il viaggiatore inadempiente, comunque, doveva subire un procedimento di penalizzazione ad opera del gabelliere, al quale erano attribuite funzioni di giudice di passo. Ma solo Ferrante, promulgando l’editto super passibus il 28 settembre 1466, intese mettere ordine in una situazione di abusi e illegalità diffusa che era di nocumento al sistema di relazioni economiche e sociali del regno. Egli ingiunse a coloro (conti, baroni etc.) che detenevano a qualunque titolo i diritti di passo di rendere ragione alla Camera della Sommaria dell’entità delle tariffe di pedaggio da loro imposte e della legittimità giuridica sulle funzioni esercitate. Pertanto furono aboliti i passi istituiti illegalmente e soggetti a balzelli di pedaggio e ridotti ad equità quelli abusivamente maggiorati. Dei passi istituiti legittimamente per la tutela dei viandanti e dei mercanti dalle insidie dei grassatori e per la manutenzione di strade e ponti, furono riconosciuti la congruità del pedaggio. I numerosi tariffari testimoniano il volume di entrate in età aragonese.
Banchieri del re. La monarchia angioina e le compagnie toscane da Carlo I a Roberto I
Authors: Poloni Alma 
Published: October 2017

Carlo I d’Angiò, per le proprie esigenze finanziarie, si rivolse a un gruppo piuttosto ampio di compagnie toscane. Fu solo nella seconda metà degli anni ’90 del Duecento che Carlo II strinse un legame privilegiato, praticamente esclusivo, con poche società fiorentine, Bardi, Peruzzi e Acciaiuoli. Se si allarga lo sguardo al più ampio contesto europeo, si nota che negli stessi anni un fenomeno del tutto analogo interessò anche il papato, il Regno d’Inghilterra e il Regno di Francia. Negli anni ’80-’90 del Duecento i sovrani passarono da un generico ricorso a una molteplicità di compagnie italiane a un rapporto quasi esclusivo con due o al massimo tre compagnie toscane. È il fenomeno dei « banchieri della corona », un sistema economico-finanziario con caratteristiche del tutto peculiari, che nella prima metà del Trecento diede un’impronta fondamentale all’economia europea. L’intervento, mantenendo un’ottica europea, analizza la declinazione angioina di questo sistema. Esso cerca di comprenderne le logiche di funzionamento, i vantaggi, in termini soprattutto di abbattimento dei costi di transazione, che ne traevano la corona e le compagnie stesse, le più ampie conseguenze economiche, i fattori di debolezza.
Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Proteinase 3 Exhibit Sustained Neutrophil-Associated Peritonitis
Authors: Martin Katherine R. , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Pacreau Emeline , Burgener Sabrina S. , Dahdah Albert , Candalh Céline , Lauret Evelyne , Foretz Marc , Mouthon Luc , Lucas Bruno , Thieblemont Nathalie , Benarafa Charaf , Launay Pierre , Witko-Sarsat Véronique 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) is a myeloid serine protease expressed in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. PR3 has a number of well-characterized proinflammatory functions, including cleaving and activating chemokines and controlling cell survival and proliferation. When presented on the surface of apoptotic neutrophils, PR3 can disrupt the normal anti-inflammatory reprogramming of macrophages following the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. To better understand the function of PR3 in vivo, we generated a human PR3 transgenic mouse (hPR3Tg). During zymosan-induced peritonitis, hPR3Tg displayed an increased accumulation of neutrophils within the peritoneal cavity compared with wild-type control mice, with no difference in the recruitment of macrophages or B or T lymphocytes. Mice were also subjected to cecum ligation and puncture, a model used to induce peritoneal inflammation through infection. hPR3Tg displayed decreased survival rates in acute sepsis, associated with increased neutrophil extravasation. The decreased survival and increased neutrophil accumulation were associated with the cleavage of annexin A1, a powerful anti-inflammatory protein known to facilitate the resolution of inflammation. Additionally, neutrophils from hPR3Tg displayed enhanced survival during apoptosis compared with controls, and this may also contribute to the increased accumulation observed during the later stages of inflammation. Taken together, our data suggest that human PR3 plays a proinflammatory role during acute inflammatory responses by affecting neutrophil accumulation, survival, and the resolution of inflammation.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Survey Tool Assessing Inpatient Consult Service Performance
Authors: Miloslavsky Eli M. , Chang Yuchiao 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Subspecialty consultation in inpatient medicine is increasing, and enhancing performance of consultation services may have a broad-reaching impact. Multisource feedback is an important tool in assessing competence and improving performance. A mechanism for primary team resident feedback on performance of consult services has not been described.

Objective
We developed and evaluated an instrument designed to assess internal medicine (IM) subspecialty inpatient consult service performance. We hypothesized that the instrument would be feasible to administer and provide important information to fellowship directors.

Methods
The instrument was administered in 2015 and 2016 at a single academic center. All IM residents were invited to evaluate 10 IM subspecialty consult services on 4 items and an overall satisfaction rating. The instrument allowed for free-text feedback to fellows. Program directors completed another survey assessing the impact of the consult service evaluation.

Results
A total of 113 residents responded (47 in 2015 and 66 in 2016, for a combined response rate of 35%). Each of the 4 items measured (communication, professionalism, teaching, and pushback) correlated significantly with the overall satisfaction rating in univariate and multivariate analyses. There were no differences in ratings across postgraduate year or year of administration. There was considerable variation in ratings among the services evaluated. The 7 program directors who provided feedback found the survey useful and made programmatic changes following evaluation implementation.

Conclusions
A primary team resident evaluation of inpatient medicine subspecialty consult services is feasible, provides valuable information, and is associated with changes in consult service structure and curricula.
Influence of sample temperature and environmental humidity on measurements of benzene in ambient air by transportable GC-PID
Authors: Romero-Trigueros Cristina , Doval Miñarro Marta , González Duperón Esther , González Ferradás Enrique 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Calibration of in situ analysers of air pollutants is usually done with dry standards. In this paper, the influence of sample temperature and environmental humidity on benzene measurements by gas chromatography coupled with a photoionisation detector (GC-PID) is studied. Two reference gas mixtures (40 and 5 µg m−3 nominal concentration benzene in air) were subjected to two temperature cycles (20/5/20 °C and 20/35/20 °C) and measured with two identical GC-PIDs. The change in sample temperature did not produce any significant change in readings. Regarding ambient humidity, the chromatographs were calibrated for benzene with dry gases and subjected to measure reference standards with humidity (20 and 80 % at 20 °C). When measuring a concentration of 0.5 µg m−3 benzene in air, the levels of humidity tested did not produce any significant interference in measurements taken with any of the analysers. However, when measuring a concentration of 40 µg m−3, biases in measurements of 18 and 21 % for each respective analyser were obtained when the relative humidity of the sample was 80 % at 20 °C. Further tests were carried out to study the nature of this interference. Results show that humidity interference depends on both the amount fractions of water vapour and benzene. If benzene concentrations in an area are close to its annual limit value (5 µg m−3), biases of 2.2 % can be expected when the absolute humidity is 8.6 g cm−3 – corresponding to a relative humidity of 50 % at 20 °C. This can be accounted for in the uncertainty budget of measurements with no need for corrections. If benzene concentrations are above the annual limit value, biases become higher. Thus, in these cases, actions should be taken to reduce the humidity interference, as an underestimation of benzene concentrations may cause a mismanagement of air quality in these situations.
Methodology for earthquake rupture rate estimates of fault networks: example for the western Corinth rift, Greece
Authors: Chartier Thomas , Scotti Oona , Lyon-Caen Hélène , Boiselet Aurélien 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Modeling the seismic potential of active faults is a fundamental step of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). An accurate estimation of the rate of earthquakes on the faults is necessary in order to obtain the probability of exceedance of a given ground motion. Most PSHA studies consider faults as independent structures and neglect the possibility of multiple faults or fault segments rupturing simultaneously (fault-to-fault, FtF, ruptures). The Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 (UCERF-3) model takes into account this possibility by considering a system-level approach rather than an individual-fault-level approach using the geological, seismological and geodetical information to invert the earthquake rates. In many places of the world seismological and geodetical information along fault networks is often not well constrained. There is therefore a need to propose a methodology relying on geological information alone to compute earthquake rates of the faults in the network. In the proposed methodology, a simple distance criteria is used to define FtF ruptures and consider single faults or FtF ruptures as an aleatory uncertainty, similarly to UCERF-3. Rates of earthquakes on faults are then computed following two constraints: the magnitude frequency distribution (MFD) of earthquakes in the fault system as a whole must follow an a priori chosen shape and the rate of earthquakes on each fault is determined by the specific slip rate of each segment depending on the possible FtF ruptures. The modeled earthquake rates are then compared to the available independent data (geodetical, seismological and paleoseismological data) in order to weight different hypothesis explored in a logic tree.The methodology is tested on the western Corinth rift (WCR), Greece, where recent advancements have been made in the understanding of the geological slip rates of the complex network of normal faults which are accommodating the ∼ 15 mm yr−1 north–south extension. Modeling results show that geological, seismological and paleoseismological rates of earthquakes cannot be reconciled with only single-fault-rupture scenarios and require hypothesizing a large spectrum of possible FtF rupture sets. In order to fit the imposed regional Gutenberg–Richter (GR) MFD target, some of the slip along certain faults needs to be accommodated either with interseismic creep or as post-seismic processes. Furthermore, computed individual faults' MFDs differ depending on the position of each fault in the system and the possible FtF ruptures associated with the fault. Finally, a comparison of modeled earthquake rupture rates with those deduced from the regional and local earthquake catalog statistics and local paleoseismological data indicates a better fit with the FtF rupture set constructed with a distance criteria based on 5 km rather than 3 km, suggesting a high connectivity of faults in the WCR fault system.
A&#160;review on ocular findings in mouse lemurs: potential links to age and genetic background
Authors: Dubicanac Marko , Radespiel Ute , Zimmermann Elke 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Mouse lemurs, the world's smallest primates, inhabit forests in Madagascar. They are nocturnal, arboreal and dependent on vision for their everyday lives. In the last decades, the grey mouse lemur became increasingly important for biomedical research, in particular aging research. Experiments which require the combination of visual fitness and old age consequently depend on a solid knowledge of ocular pathologies. Although ocular diseases in mouse lemurs have been described as being common, they have not received much attention so far. Yet it is important to know when and why ocular diseases in captive mouse lemurs may occur. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of known ocular findings in mouse lemurs. It summarizes the frequency of ocular findings in captive mouse lemur colonies and points to their likely causes and treatment options based on the evidence available from other animals and humans. In addition, it shall be discussed whether age or genetic background may affect their development. This review may be used as a reference for future studies which require an assessment of visual performance in mouse lemurs and help to evaluate observed clinical signs and ocular diseases. Furthermore, the high incidence of specific diseases may provide new perspectives and set the groundwork for a new animal model for ocular research.
Medical Testing: Nursing, Sympathy, and Moral Code in Edith Wharton'sThe Fruit of the Tree
Authors: Slatus Kerri 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article interrogates the concepts of morality and sentimentality in Wharton's early novel. Through the use of a nurse, who exists in a liminal position at the turn of the century as representative of women's morality as well as helper to modernizing physicians, Wharton stages a discussion on sympathy and morality in medicine, and whether there is a chance to move progressive ideas forward. As the second half of the novel reveals, this revised sympathy the protagonist espouses is condemned when she carries out the act of euthanasia to end a character's suffering. Rather than physicians and others looking forward to a modernist morality, they often return to a nineteenth-century conception of sentimentality. Wharton's novel experiments with new conceptions of moral code, and expresses disappointment in the failure of its progress.
A Moment's Ornament, for Popular Consumption: The Illustration and Presentation ofThe House of Mirth
Authors: Wells Juliette 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThat Edith Wharton disliked A. B. Wenzell's illustrations for The House of Mirth has long been recognized, and the images themselves have received critical attention. Virtually unknown, however, are the negotiations regarding illustration and presentation that took place among Wharton and her editors and publishers at Scribner's during this novel's preparation for serial and hardcover publication. Drawing on the Scribner's archives, I uncover the process via which Wharton, Edward L. Burlingame, William Crary Brownell, and Charles Scribner II determined the look of this novel in all its published forms: the eleven installments in Scribner's Magazine, each accompanied by an illustration; the 1905 hardcover, which included only eight illustrations; and the twelve “pictureless” copies of the latter that were custom-bound for Wharton. The files of the Scribner's art department contribute further hitherto-unknown information about the media of Wenzell's artworks and the fees he earned. Wharton's views on illustration and promotion, I argue, were closely tied to her sense of herself as a literary author, and were treated respectfully by her publishers even as they sought to balance her preferences with commercial imperatives.
Análisis y actualidad del fascismo
Authors: Ribera Ricardo 
Published: October 2017

Fascism, seen under the ligth of history and critical analysis, is a contemporary issue in the extent that the conditions that made possible its rise after the World War I are currently present. A better comprehension of those conditions must make it possible to understand the risks that the world is facing in the beginning of 21st century and to avoid the return of facism to the ground of effective politics. This essay aims to a theoretical and analytic effort in this direction. This is also a warning that the barbarism of fascism can return, destroying the hopes of our times.Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 114, 2007: 595-619
The healthcare system in Saudi Arabia: How can we best move forward with funding to protect equitable and accessible care for all?
Authors: Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled 
Published: October 2017

The Saudi Arabian healthcare system is currently undergoing a process of reform. While it previously adopted a universal access approach in which all health care was provided free-of-charge to citizens at the point of care, this has been identified as unsustainable into the future. The shift towards an ageing population and the increasing burden of chronic disease, along with increasing use of technology and development of expensive treatments, mean that health care costs in Saudi Arabia are likely to increase significantly in the near future. Therefore, new ways to fund healthcare have been explored, with the solution proposed being a social insurance model in which employment contributions pay for care. This study seeks to identify the different alternatives which are available to the Saudi government and investigate the outcomes of these alternatives in their respective countries of use. The study examined the private insurance system in the United States of America, the social insurance system in Australia, the United Kingdom’s National Health Service, and the Public Private Partnership adopted by Singapore. It would seem that the Singaporean model is associated with the lowest level of government spending to maintain a high quality of patient care. However, further in-depth analysis is required to better understand how this model would apply to the Saudi Arabian context.
Shared Arguments in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: ALotaibi Yasir 
Published: October 2017

This paper discusses shared arguments in coordinate structures in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It assumes that a shared argument between two conjuncts can be a subject or an object. The paper uses the lexical-functional grammar (LFG) framework for analyzing this kind of structure. In LFG, the two possible analyses for similar structures involve analyzing the shared argument as bearing two functions in the two conjuncts. The first analysis is the split analysis, where the shared argument is zipped to both conjuncts by assuming that the verb phrases in both conjuncts are split. The second analysis is function spreading, in which the function of the shared argument is spread from one conjunct to another. This paper argues that the previous analyses in LFG have faced some problems in accounting for this phenomenon in MSA. To solve these problems, this paper contributes a new analysis for shared arguments that involves analyzing the missing argument, whether it is a subject or an object, as a null argument.