bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planned Birth Before 39 Weeks and Child Development: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Bentley Jason P. , Roberts Christine L. , Bowen Jenny R. , Martin Andrew J. , Morris Jonathan M. , Nassar Natasha 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association of gestational age and mode of birth with early child development.

METHODS:
Population-based record linkage cohort study was conducted among 153 730 live-born infants of ≥32 weeks’ gestation with developmental assessments at school age, in New South Wales, Australia, 2002 to 2007. Children were assessed in 5 domains: physical health and well-being, language and cognition, social competence, emotional maturity, and general knowledge and communication. Children scoring in the bottom 10% of national domains were considered developmentally vulnerable, and children developmentally vulnerable for ≥2 domains were classified as developmentally high risk (DHR), the primary outcome. Robust multivariable Poisson models were used to obtain individual and combined adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of gestational age and mode of birth for DHR children.

RESULTS:
Overall, 9.6% of children were DHR. The aRR (95% confidence interval) of being DHR increased with decreasing gestational age (referent: 40 weeks); 32 to 33 weeks 1.25 (1.08–1.44), 34 to 36 weeks 1.26 (1.18–1.34), 37 weeks 1.17 (1.10–1.25), 38 weeks 1.06 (1.01–1.10), 39 weeks 0.98 (0.94–1.02), ≥41 weeks 0.99 (0.94–1.03), and for labor induction or prelabor cesarean delivery (planned birth; referent: vaginal birth after spontaneous labor), 1.07 (1.04–1.11). The combined aRR for planned birth was 1.26 (1.18–1.34) at 37 weeks and 1.13 (1.08–1.19) at 38 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early (at &lt;39 weeks) planned birth is associated with an elevated risk of poor child development at school age. The timing of planned birth is modifiable, and strategies to inform more judicious decision-making are needed to ensure optimal child health and development.
Comparative evaluation of dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail for fracture of intertrochanteric femur
Authors: Yadav Sachin , Srivastava D. C. , Shukla Manish 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the present study was to compare the result in terms of rate of union, time of ambulation and functional recovery of fracture intertrochanteric femur treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) and proximal femoral interlocking nail (PFN) and to compare complications in terms of implant failure, infection, blood loss and C arm exposure in both groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study of 92 cases, 38 cases were treated by PFN and 54 cases were treated by DHS. Patients were followed up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks. The results were compared for functional outcome using Palmer and Parker score and also for various complications.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Comparison of mobility score at six month follow up period revealed the PFN group to be significantly more mobile (5.8 Vs. 4.19 respectively, p &lt;0.001) than the DHS group. In our study 6 patients managed with DHS (6.52%) developed superficial wound infection which responded to intravenous antibiotics. No patient with PFN had wound infection. Only 2 patients in the PFN group and 12 patients in the DHS group had persistent pain at the incision site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dynamic hip screw fixation of these fracture requires less preoperative time, is associated with less exposure to radiation but the blood loss is much higher. On the contrary PFN allows faster mobilization and greater mobility scores at six months.</p>
PENGAMBILAN TANIN DARI KULIT KAYU BAKAU DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM BERAT CUPRUM (Cu) DAN TIMBAL (Pb)
Authors: Danarto Yohanes Calasanctius 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Mangrove bark contains tannins which can be modified into mangrove tannins based adsorbent (MTBA) for heavy metals. This research aimed to study the performance of mangrove tannins for removing Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb). This experiment had three steps : extraction of mangrove barks, modification tannins into MTBA, and adsorption of Cu and Pb solutions with MTBA. Alcohol 70% was used for extraction of mangrove barks. The research was coducted at stirred glass flask equipped with heater. The research run at extraction time variation (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours) and extraction temperatur variation </em><em>(50, 55, 60, 65, and 70 ºC). Mangrove tannins were dissolved into NaOH solution and formaldehyde 37% then heated forming powder MTBA. The adsorption equlibrium of Cu and Pb solution by MTBA was studied. The result showed that increasing extraction time and extraction temperature will increase the yields.The optimum condition for tannin extraction was extraction temperature 70 <sup>o</sup>C and extraction time 3 hours with tannin yield 21.105%. The result also showed that MTBA can adsorp 79.94% of Pb and 43.75 of Cu from solutions.The Langmuir’s method was more suitable for predicting the Cu and Pb adsorption with Langmuir’s equilibrium constant k<sub>Cu</sub> = 0.0011 and k<sub>Pb</sub> = 0.0289.</em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> mangrove bark, tannin, extraction, adsorption, heavy metal.</em></p>
TANAMAN ALANG-ALANG SEBAGAI BIOMASSA ADSORBEN UNTUK PENURUNAN KADAR KALSIUM
Authors: Mardina Primata 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong>: </strong><em>The research investigated the effectiveness of Cogon grass as biomass adsorbent in Calcium (Ca) removal process. Calcium is one of the chemical element that causes hardness in river water. Calcium removal process was based on batch-adsorption principle process. Drying, size reduction and chemical activation were done on cogon grass as pretreatment step. Calcium removal process was conducted in adsorption column where pretreated cogon grass and contaminated river water were placed on together. Operation time was 60 minutes. The result showed different parts of cogon grass and decreasing in size of adsorbent particle gave a significant effect on calcium removal. The biggest percentage of calcium removal was 67.39% with capacity of adsorption was 0.54 mg/gram adsorbent at 250 µm adsorbent particle from root of cogon grass.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>:</strong><em> </em><em>cogon grass, biomass adsorbent, calcium concentration, river water</em></p><p> </p>
Peran Pemerintah-Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Desa Sedatigede Kecamatan Sedati Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Prasojo Rizky A. , Fauziah Luluk 
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to describe the role of government-community on the development in the Sedati Gede Village, Sidoarjo Regency and its supporting and inhibiting factors. This research used qualitative descriptive method. The informants in this research are Head Village (as key informan), village government, Karang Taruna and citizen. Technique data is collected by triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive, and qualitative research results further emphasize the significance rather than generalization. The results showed that the government's role in the development of Sedatigede village was quite good and balanced. Their cooperation was mutualistic which the parties involved in understanding the position and role in rural development. The village government got the role in facilitating community and provides good guidance to the public about the purpose of the development to be carried out. Society plays a role in contributing ideas, power, and material in succession of development. Meanwhile, the supporting factors in this cooperation used human society approach and they had a good understanding of the position and its role in development. In addition, the inhibiting factor is the lack of public awareness on environmental hygiene as well as the persistence of the notion that the government was subordinate to the people and objects in development supervision.
Analisis Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Relokasi Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) terhadap Masyarakat (Studi PKL di Gelanggang Olah Raga (GOR) Kabupaten Sidoarjo)
Authors: Karuniawan Mochammad Hatta , Sukma Ardi Perdana , Kurniawan Efandi Dwi 
Published: November 2016

The aim of this research was to explain the effects after relocation of street vendors in the Sports Arena, Sidoarjo Regency. This research used descriptive-qualitative analysis. The technique of this research is conducted by observation and interviews in depth to compare empirical reality with the theory related to the socio-economic impacts. Based on the results of the study, it is indicated that there are positive and negative impacts in relocating of street vendors. The positive impact of relocation namely economic conditions street vendors (PKL) is supported by many buyers that is coming in the location of trade moved. While the negative impact of relocation, among others, the first Sports Arena became irregular that interfere its function as a sport facilities. Second was the impact on the environmental factors that were not clean and looks dirty, and the third is reduced guarantees the safety of street vendors.
Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Implementasi Kebijakan Zonasi Pasar Modern di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Rodiyah Isnaini , Choiriyah Ilmi Usrotin 
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to describe the results of public perception of the policy implementation on modern market zoning. This type of research used qualitative research through the explanation method. Data was collected through interviews with employees of the modern market and government officials in Sidoarjo Regency as the basis of the policy implementation; in addition it is also supported by literature study related to the zoning policy of the modern market. The results showed that the modern market employees and government officials agree associated with modern market competition that is unhealthy and affect traditional markets. In addition, it was found that the licensing process was not in accordance with the procedure. It can be concluded, based on public perception stated that three main factors that affect of policy implementation zoning the modern market, namely the lack of effective communication between the government and the owners of the modern market; abuse of licensing and lack of socialization of the modern market zoning.
The Talent Gap in the E&P Industry: Causes and Recommended Solutions
Authors: Al-Khalifa Mohammad A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The talent gap in the E&P industry is an ongoing issue that is expected to persist due to attrition in the current workforce and the increasing percentage of junior employees. As result of this, there is not enough overlap between the two generations to pass knowledge and experience; therefore, knowledge and experience may be lost. Under the new oil and gas business realities of highly volatile prices and increased operating costs, the national oil companies (NOCs) require a workforce that has a new way of thinking to overcome current challenges and unpredictable market conditions. Effectively and efficiently resolving the talent gap should lead to greater productivity by increasing production and decreasing operating costs.
This paper traces the origins of the talent gap and the events that led to current shortages. The proposed strategy for NOCs to resolve the talent gap has four main pillars: accelerating junior employees' development, leveraging the experience of senior staff, a structured knowledge sharing system, and new methods for filling current talent vacancies. Each of these pillars is discussed in detail and corrective action items are proposed. The successful adaptation and implementation of this strategy should ensure E&P companies' business continuity and will ultimately help in knowledge preservation within large NOCs.
Debottlenecking of Oil and Gas Separation Units to Enhance Oil Production Capacity: A Case Study of Kuwait Oil Company
Authors: Dabhi Atulkumar , Al-Qazweeni Mahdi , Al-Otaibi Mohammed , Al-Hasan Meshari , Al-Jabri Saleh 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objective / Scope
The oil and gas processing facility was upgraded as part of the project. However, it has been experienced that separation capacity of facility was reduced post installation of new separator under upgradation project. The main objective of this in-house debottlenecking study was to identify contributing factors for reduction in separator handling capacity and carry out required modifications to eliminate these factors.

Methods, Procedures, Process
This paper shares detail of complete technical study conducted to identify factors affecting capacity of oil and gas separator. This case study includes hydraulic calculations, simulation study and other relevant design calculations. Various design cases were developed to identify and resolve factors affecting separator capacity. The most appropriate solution is selected based on hydraulic calculation and simulation results.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
It has been concluded that main reason for such limitation in liquid handling capacity of separator was higher elevation of new oil and gas separator installed under project. This piping configuration was creating higher backpressure on exiting wet crude header due to the fact that both these piping were joined together in a common header feeding downstream wet/dual crude oil tanks. So, it was decided to install a new 20″ piping directly from new separator to dual crude oil tank reducing liquid handling load on existing header feeding tank and thereby reducing backpressure on new & old oil and gas separators. This has increased overall capacity of oil processing facility by around 30 MBLPD.

Novel/Additive Information
This paper explains in detail a lesson learned, which is vital for any brown field project, where such upgradation by major projects may lead to adverse impact on operation of existing facility. It also explains systematic approach to eliminate such bottlenecks, which possibly arise from inappropriate integration of new equipment with existing equipment during project implementation.
Recommended Application Guideline for Deconvolution and its Field Application Example
Authors: Nomura Masahiko 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Deconvolution is a technique for converting the pressure and rate data obtained from a well operating under variable rate conditions into a much simpler form of constant rate drawdown-pressure response function. A variety of deconvolution algorithms have been proposed in the literature and several improvements have been demonstrated by the authors1-4. Our deconvolution algorithm introduced in reference 1 is similar to the work of von Schroeter et al.2 and Levitan et al.3, except that high-order derivative constraint is imposed as one additional constraint to the solution. This paper investigates an application procedure of deconvolution algorithm through extensive numerical experiments rather than algorithmic improvement. One application procedure is proposed and the practical utility is demonstrated through application to synthetic and actual field data sets.
Drill-in Fluids Design and Selection for a Low-Permeability, Sub-Hydrostatic Carbonate Reservoir Development
Authors: Osode P. I. , Hussain H. A. , Bataweel M. A. , Babbington J. F. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Drilling mud-induced damage prevention is essential in low-permeability, low-pressure reservoirs since there is limited pressure drawdown capacity for the damage removal during initial post-drilling well clean-up/flowback operation of producer wells. Avoiding such damage in water injector wells drilled with oil-based mud (OBM) is even more critical because of the risk of injecting residual oil-wet drilled solids and filter cake in the wellbore. The unique characteristics of a central Arabia carbonate reservoir - sub-hydrostatic pressure gradient of ~0.35 psi/ft, average permeability ~2 mD and high-salinity, divalent native brine with SG of ~ 1.15 in combination with a complex well design involving extended multi-laterals and critical petrophysical data requirements, considerably complicated the wells' drill-in fluid (DIF) formulations.
First, generic fluid systems were identified based on analogous reservoir experience and potential formation damage mechanisms likely to be encountered during the drilling and completion phases, i.e., solids and filtrate invasion due to excessive overbalance pressure, external fluid-formation fluid incompatibility and possible aqueous phase trapping. Particle size distribution (PSD) software was then used to design drilling fluid solids composition for a perfect match with the reservoir pore distribution while a conventional bottle test was used to assess the fluid-fluid incompatibilities. Thereafter, laboratory coreflood experiments were conducted to determine rock-fluid interaction effects at an estimated bottom-hole temperature (BHT) of 150 °F and pressure of 1,000 psi. Exposed cores were subsequently subjected to environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis in order to determine filtrate invasion's macro and pore level effects on the core properties.
The investigation resulted in the selection of two customized low-density DIFs: a conventional OBM for the producers and a saline WBM/Hollow Glass Spheres formulation for the injectors. Particle size distribution (PSD) simulation analysis for optimum bridging of the reservoir suggested a blend of fine and very fine grade calcium carbonate in different proportions. As expected, the mudloop tests that were conducted indicated a higher average return permeability of ~77% for the OBM fluid compared to that for the WBM DIF. The fluid-fluid compatibility analysis indicated a risk of inorganic scale precipitation for the mixture of formation brine and surface aquifer water. Finally, ESEM tests on the cores exposed to non-saline WBM DIF filtrate indicated minimal clay swelling and dispersion.
This paper discusses a detailed account of DIF design considerations, PSD analysis, fluid compatibility issues and the laboratory experiments carried out to evaluate and select optimum-performance DIFs for a low-permeability, high-salinity content carbonate reservoir development.
Assessment & Strengthening of Well Control Barriers to Prevent Well Blowout
Authors: Tayab Muhammad R , Abu Aishah Abdel Nasser , Valappil Suhail , Abou Draz Alauddin Mohamed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Oil and Gas (O&G) industry is, by its nature, a high risk industry and poses risks to both staff and workers if appropriate controls are not in place. Failures in implementation of well control safe operating systems have resulted in incidents of varying nature, fires, loss of containment and damage to the environment. A root cause analysis of 6 well control incidents occurred between 2010 and 2014 was conducted and gaps in implementation of expectations of HSE management system identified. A process of embedding learning from incident was developed and linked with 2015 action plan. To prevent well control events, identification of barriers (mechanical, procedural and human) were identified and a process was instituted to strengthen these barriers.
Optimized Drilling Performance by Innovative Application of High-Build-Rate RSS to Sidetrack from Vertical Pilot Hole in Challenging 3D Wells in Unstable Formations
Authors: Amanov B. , Bethancourt R. E. , Sumaidaa A. S. , Al Shaghnaubi M. A. , Abu Aishah A. M. , El Kharbotly M. K. , Mokhti M. Abd , Dua R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
An onshore oil E&P operator in the Middle East region had been looking to optimize performance while delivering complex 3D profile wells. The target was to find a solution for performing an openhole sidetrack from a plugged back 8 ½" vertical pilot hole and drill the deviated hole to land horizontally at the top of the reservoir, while following a complex 3D profile trajectory that demanded a minimum continuous dogleg severity (DLS) of 6.75°/100ft across unstable shale formations where conventional RSSs can achieve only up to 4.4°/100 ft DLS.
In previous wells, sidetrack from plugged back pilot hole and drilling of 8 ½" landing section was performed in two runs, first one with a motor assembly and the second one with RSS. However, having two runs resulted in longer operational time and lower average ROP. Previous attempts to drill with a conventional RSS across unstable shale had failed to achieve the required DLS and this practice had been eliminated by the operator. Based on the above, high-build-rate RSS (HRSS) was proposed to overcome theaforementioned challenges to drill the section in one run.
This paper mainly discusses the advantages of accurately kicking off and performing an openhole sidetrack, from a cement plug at the top of an unstable shale formation, and drilling ahead while achieving required high build rates in a single run with new HRSS. This new tool enables deeper kickoff, shorter landing point departures, improved ROP, and smooth borehole in soft or hard formations in complex 3D well profiles, meeting all of the desired objectives and saving rig days, operator costs and resources. Eleven cement plug sidetracks from vertical and shoe-to-shoe drilling runs to section TD were done from Q1 2012 to date using the HRSS with 100% success.
The applications of the HRSS described in this paper are innovative applications designed through thorough planning and risk mitigation. As a result, significant achievements in cost optimization and drilling efficiency enhancement have been realized.
Automated MPD Control System Helps Navigate Through Drilling Problems, Meets Objectives in Shakal Block, North Iraq
Authors: Santamaría Luis A. , Ozegovic Alek , Mehmood Asad , Silva Alfredo , Kropochev Yury 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This following case study details the methodology followed and challenges encountered while drilling in the Shakal Block of North Iraq. A narrow drilling window and geologically-associated problems in the first well, Shakal-1, were enough to demonstrate that non-conventional drilling techniques are needed to develop Shakal field potential. In case of Shakal-2 and Shakal-3 exploration wells, the 12-¼" and 8-½" hole sections applied Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) technique and Microflux® control system technology to reach planned objectives and reduced a combined 15 days of drilling time, equating to associated cost savings of US$1.8MM.
The primary objective of drilling with these techniques in the Shakal field was to maintain the Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) within the operative window and keep the downhole circulating pressure close to formation pore pressure in order to minimize nonproductive time, optimize drilling performance and minimize formation impairment.
In addition to the drilling objectives, MPD help was needed in order to safely facilitate trips to surface derived from normal scheduled operations as well as unprogrammed operations caused by tool failures or drilling problems; in some fields like Shakal, pulling out of hole can be equal or more difficult than the actual drilling operation.
All planned operating windows have some degree of uncertainty. In the cases of Shakal-2 and Shakal-3, Microflux control system technology detected early signs of influx and fluid loss when there was a deviation from the anticipated drilling window.
The flexibility of MPD technique during trips with Stripping Method showed high benefits on these holes sections along with accurate monitoring of well parameters for early detection of influx and losses.
The use of MPD contributed to significant time, cost savings and safety increment for the Shakal-2 and Shakal-3 in the 12-¼" & 8-½" hole sections.