bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980 to 2014: quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate
Authors: Lin Meiyun , Horowitz Larry W. , Payton Richard , Fiore Arlene M. , Tonnesen Gail 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. US surface O3 responds to varying global-to-regional precursor emissions, climate, and extreme weather, with implications for designing effective air quality control policies. We examine these conjoined processes with observations and global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3) hindcasts over 1980–2014. The model captures the salient features of observed trends in daily maximum 8 h average O3: (1) increases over East Asia (up to 2 ppb yr−1), (2) springtime increases at western US (WUS) rural sites (0.2–0.5 ppb yr−1) with a baseline sampling approach, and (3) summertime decreases, largest at the 95th percentile, and wintertime increases in the 50th to 5th percentiles over the eastern US (EUS). Asian NOx emissions have tripled since 1990, contributing as much as 65 % to modeled springtime background O3 increases (0.3–0.5 ppb yr−1) over the WUS, outpacing O3 decreases attained via 50 % US NOx emission controls. Methane increases over this period contribute only 15 % of the WUS background O3 increase. Springtime O3 observed in Denver has increased at a rate similar to remote rural sites. During summer, increasing Asian emissions approximately offset the benefits of US emission reductions, leading to weak or insignificant observed O3 trends at WUS rural sites. Mean springtime WUS O3 is projected to increase by  ∼  10 ppb from 2010 to 2030 under the RCP8.5 global change scenario. While historical wildfire emissions can enhance summertime monthly mean O3 at individual sites by 2–8 ppb, high temperatures and the associated buildup of O3 produced from regional anthropogenic emissions contribute most to elevating observed summertime O3 throughout the USA. GFDL-AM3 captures the observed interannual variability of summertime EUS O3. However, O3 deposition sink to vegetation must be reduced by 35 % for the model to accurately simulate observed high-O3 anomalies during the severe drought of 1988. Regional NOx reductions alleviated the O3 buildup during the recent heat waves of 2011 and 2012 relative to earlier heat waves (e.g., 1988, 1999). The O3 decreases driven by NOx controls were more pronounced in the southeastern US, where the seasonal onset of biogenic isoprene emissions and NOx-sensitive O3 production occurs earlier than in the northeast. Without emission controls, the 95th percentile summertime O3 in the EUS would have increased by 0.2–0.4 ppb yr−1 over 1988–2014 due to more frequent hot extremes and rising biogenic isoprene emissions.
Changing antibiotic prescribing in General Practice – The results of the SIMPle process evaluation
Authors: Duane Sinead , Domegan Christine , Callan Aoife , Galvin Sandra , Cormican Martin , Murphy Andrew W. , Vellinga Akke 
Published: March 2017

Objective: The Supporting the Improvement and Management of Prescribing for Urinary Tract Infections (SIMPle) study, a cluster randomized trial, sought to improve the quality of antibiotic prescribing for Urinary Tract Infections in General Practices located in the west of Ireland. This paper presents the process evaluation and intends to provide insights into the antibiotic prescribing behaviour of the General Practitioners (GPs) during the intervention. The paper discusses how the social marketing intervention developed as part of SIMPle resulted in GPs prescribing more first line antibiotics, the aim of the trial. However it also offers insights into why antibiotic prescriptions increased during the intervention period.Methods: Fifteen GP interviews and summative intervention components including monitoring practice participation and information provided to the study team. Thematic analysis was used to analyze transcripts.Results: GPs recognized the value of consultation coding to produce practice specific audit and feedback reports including current antibiotic prescribing and providing evidence which motivated change.Conclusions: The SIMPle study was successfully integrated into routine care. By simplifying GPs’ access to up to date evidence on their prescribing behaviors, GPs can be positively influenced beyond the context of an intervention.
Richard’s Physical Deformity, the Cause or Excuse behind His Wickedness: A Critical Analysis of Shakespeare’s Richard III
Authors: Akhtar Samina , Rauf Muhammad , Ikram Saima , Rehman Seema 
Published: March 2017

This study is an attempt to explore the intrinsic behavior of Richard, the tragic hero of Shakespeare’s renowned historical play Richard III. This paper interprets deformity is a cause or excuse behind Richard’s wickedness that leads him towards his appalling disaster. It further evaluates the internal conflicts of Richard’s mind, his lust for the throne and riches, and his ferocity to attain his lustful desires. The paper investigates whether Richard used his physical malformation as a defending tool or it is mere hindrance in his goodness. It also throws light on how Richard defends his wicked nature by blaming his deformity. The researcher critically studies the psyche of the genius but evil character through social and psychological perspective. The finding of the paper suggests that deformity reflects Richard’s inward naturefull of evil and vices and turns to be the real cause behind his abysmal calamity. Richard’s malicious disability is the clear example of his inward evil.
Analysing Speech Acts in Buhari’s Address at the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly
Authors: Sourou Koutchadé Innocent 
Published: March 2017

This article aims at examining the language of a political speech through the linguistic theory of pragmatics. The focus of the study is, specifically, to identify speech acts used in Buhari’s address at the 71st session of the UN General Assembly. Such an analysis is meant to emphasize the way the Nigerian president conveyed his intentions and his country’s priorities in line with the general theme of the Assembly. The paper has adopted Searle’s (1969) speech act theory. The identification of illocutionary acts in the speech through a tabulated statistics shows that there are 52.56% of representative acts, 19.23% of directive acts, 16.66% of expressive acts, 11.53% of commissive acts and 00% of declaration acts. The findings reveal the dominance of representative illocutionary acts showing that Buhari has mainly expressed his beliefs regarding the theme of the assembly and the priorities of his country. Directive acts are used to make suggestions whereas commissives are used to point out the challenges to be taken up by Buhari and his audience and expressives reflect his psychological state while addressing the world leaders. The paper concludes that this study of speech acts has made it easy to comprehend the message of the Nigerian president in his address.
The Role of Translation in Developing ESP Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skills- A Case Study of Medical Students at Najran University-KSA
Authors: Hamid Rushwan Ismail Mohammed 
Published: March 2017

Reading comprehension is developed through successful interaction between the reader and the text. This interaction is the major factor that plays the crucial role in comprehension. ESP has a strong and palpable presence in the curricula of Saud universities due to a range of considerations. It is used in different domains such as medicine, engineering, and allied health. It is well known, that any use of L1 in English language instruction has always been a matter of hot debate. This study aims to shed some fresh light on the importance of translation as a pedagogical tool in developing reading comprehension skills of ESP medical learners at Najran University- KSA. Undeniably, the students experience bewilderment and great difficulties in grasping the enormous quantity of medical terms and texts as a result of their extreme weakness in English. The level of most Saudi students in English is very low and their knowledge of vocabulary is extremely limited. Studying medical terminology is the foundation for studying any health-related field. Medicine has a language of its own, and mastering it is a complex task. So, regarding ESP medical courses, the students resort to machine translation, because they cannot absorb the medical texts and terms properly. There are so many shortcomings with respect to machine translation This study investigates the effect of using translation in ESP medical classes with the objective of helping students in comprehending terminologies and texts. It also aims at motivating them and meeting their learning needs. Moreover, the study aims to help students concentrate on the standardized terminology and avoid the imperfections of machine translation.
The Sequence of Acquisition of Personal Pronoun Case and Person Reference among 6 Year Old Children in Two Selected Malaysian Kindergartens
Authors: Abd Samad Arshad , Iman Arshad Nurul 
Published: March 2017

Pronoun case and person reference refer to the position of the pronoun in the sentence and the person the pronoun refers to respectively. Examining the acquisition of pronoun case and person reference among young children can be insightful as, besides their obvious relevance to language development, both these constructs can have implications on other aspects of child development. Attention given by children to these various constructs may indicate the importance children place on the concept of ego and self as well as on social relations. The sequence of acquisition of personal pronouns among these children is therefore an important phenomenon to be examined as it can reflect linguistic and socio-cognitive development. This largely descriptive study examines the sequence of acquisition of the English pronouns among forty 6 year old Malaysian children learning ESL in two kindergartens. The children in the study were presented with 33 drawings to assess their familiarity with case and person reference expressed through English personal pronouns. They were required to select the correct pronoun from three pronouns that were used to describe each drawing. This paper reports on the accuracy rates for each pronoun and assumes that high accuracy rates indicate a more complete acquisition of the pronoun. Error forms by the children were also be identified and examined. Data obtained were compared to acquisition sequences in the literature and general implications related to the acquisition of personal pronouns among children in an ESL setting in Malaysia will be discussed.
The impact of human development on individual health: a causal mediation analysis examining pathways through education and body mass index
Authors: Wang Aolin , Arah Onyebuchi A. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe macro environment we live in projects what we can achieve and how we behave, and in turn, shapes our health in complex ways. Policymaking will benefit from insights into the mechanisms underlying how national socioeconomic context affects health. This study examined the impact of human development on individual health and the possible mediating roles of education and body mass index (BMI).MethodsWe analyzed World Health Survey data on 109,448 participants aged 25 or older from 42 low- and middle-income countries with augmented human development index (HDI) in 1990. We used principal components method to create a health score based on measures from eight health state domains, used years of schooling as education indicator and calculated BMI from self-reported height and weight. We used causal mediation analysis technique with random intercepts to account for the multilevel structure.ResultsBelow a reference HDI level of 0.48, HDI was negatively associated with good health (total effect at HDI of 0.23:b = − 3.44, 95% CI [−6.39–−0.49] for males andb = − 5.16, 95% CI [−9.24,–−1.08] for females) but was positively associated with good health above this reference level (total effect at HDI of 0.75:b = 4.16, 95% CI [−0.33–8.66] for males andb = 6.62, 95% CI [0.85–12.38] for females). We found a small positive effect of HDI on health via education across reference HDI levels (branging from 0.24 to 0.29 for males and 0.40 to 0.49 for females) but not via pathways involving BMI only.ConclusionHuman development has a non-linear effect on individual health, but the impact appears to be mainly through pathways other than education and BMI.
Drug-induced parkinsonism: A case report
Authors: Morabito Brianna D. , Paulison Barbara 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Drug-induced parkinsonism is defined as the appearance of parkinsonism on treatment with pharmaceutical agents. Symptoms typically manifest within a few days, and 90% of cases emerge within 3 months. The patient was a 68-year-old white man with a past psychiatric history significant for bipolar I versus cyclothymic disorder. The patient presented with pressured speech, flight of ideas, distractibility, delusions, and disorganized thinking. He was started on risperidone and, due to a subclinical response, was cross-tapered from risperidone to olanzapine, and divalproex was started. The patient was then given paliperidone 234 mg long-acting injection (LAI) and a second loading dose of 156 mg 1 week later. The patient's cognitive and functional status subsequently declined, all neuroleptics were discontinued, and he was diagnosed with drug-induced parkinsonism. After a complicated hospital course the patient died approximately 5 months after the administration of paliperidone LAI. Although there are several confounding factors, due to the temporal relationship of events it is likely that paliperidone LAI was a contributing factor for the development of severe parkinsonism. Practitioners should be cognizant of the potential long-term consequences of paliperidone LAI.
Consumer satisfaction with National Alliance on Mental Illness written medicine information
Authors: Colvard Michelle D. , Jackson Marie-Thérèse , Oliveira Rosana , Scholtes Karin , Burghart Steve , Gutíerrez Cynthia A. , Moore Troy A. , Saldaña Shannon N. , VandenBerg Amy 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
Written medicine information (WMI) is a collection of facts for a specific medication, and it helps facilitate patient understanding of medication therapy. The primary objective of this study was to assess consumer satisfaction with National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) WMI. A secondary objective was to assess health care professional satisfaction.

Methods:
National Alliance on Mental Illness WMI and surveys were offered to consumers, health care professionals, and trainees at 3 treatment centers with psychiatric services. All adults who received medication counseling were eligible for inclusion. Survey responses were evaluated using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Most consumers (82.4%) and providers (74.5%) reported overall satisfaction with NAMI WMI. Consumers were least satisfied with information on how to manage unwanted effects, drug-drug interactions, and readability (9.5%, 14.9%, 41.9% dissatisfaction).

Discussion:
Evaluation and feedback from consumers and health care professionals may influence decisions to refine NAMI WMI to meet consumer needs.
Gene regulatory networking reveals the molecular cue to lysophosphatidic acid‐induced metabolic adaptations in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Ray Upasana , Roy Chowdhury Shreya , Vasudevan Madavan , Bankar Kiran , Roychoudhury Susanta , Roy Sib Sankar 
Published: February 2017

Extravasation and metastatic progression are two main reasons for the high mortality rate associated with cancer. The metastatic potential of cancer cells depends on a plethora of metabolic challenges prevailing within the tumor microenvironment. To achieve higher rates of proliferation, cancer cells reprogram their metabolism, increasing glycolysis and biosynthetic activities. Just why this metabolic reprogramming predisposes cells towards increased oncogenesis remains elusive. The accumulation of myriad oncolipids in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to promote the invasiveness of cancer cells, with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) being one such critical factor enriched in ovarian cancer patients. Cellular bioenergetic studies confirm that oxidative phosphorylation is suppressed and glycolysis is increased with long exposure to LPA in ovarian cancer cells compared with non‐transformed epithelial cells. We sought to uncover the regulatory complexity underlying this oncolipid‐induced metabolic perturbation. Gene regulatory networking using RNA‐Seq analysis identified the oncogene ETS‐1 as a critical mediator of LPA‐induced metabolic alterations for the maintenance of invasive phenotype. Moreover, LPA receptor‐2 specific PtdIns3K‐AKT signaling induces ETS‐1 and its target matrix metalloproteases. Abrogation of ETS‐1 restores cellular bioenergetics towards increased oxidative phosphorylation and reduced glycolysis, and this effect was reversed by the presence of LPA. Furthermore, the bioenergetic status of LPA‐treated ovarian cancer cells mimics hypoxia through induction of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, which was found to transactivate ets‐1. Studies in primary tumors generated in syngeneic mice corroborated the in vitro findings. Thus, our study highlights the phenotypic changes induced by the pro‐metastatic factor ETS‐1 in ovarian cancer cells. The relationship between enhanced invasiveness and metabolic plasticity further illustrates the critical role of metabolic adaptation of cancer cells as a driver of tumor progression. These findings reveal oncolipid‐induced metabolic predisposition as a new mechanism of tumorigenesis and propose metabolic inhibitors as a potential approach for future management of aggressive ovarian cancer.
Van Allen Probes observations of structured whistler mode activity and coincident electron Landau acceleration inside a remnant plasmaspheric plume
Authors: Woodroffe J. R. , Jordanova V. K. , Funsten H. O. , Streltsov A. V. , Bengtson M. T. , Kletzing C. A. , Wygant J. R. , Thaller S. A. , Breneman A. W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present observations from the Van Allen Probes spacecraft that identify a region of intense whistler mode activity within a large density enhancement outside of the plasmasphere. We speculate that this density enhancement is part of a remnant plasmaspheric plume, with the observed wave being driven by a weakly anisotropic electron injection that drifted into the plume and became nonlinearly unstable to whistler emission. Particle measurements indicate that a significant fraction of thermal (<100 eV) electrons within the plume were subject to Landau acceleration by these waves, an effect that is naturally explained by whistler emission within a gradient and high‐density ducting inside a density enhancement.
Coherence between sea level oscillations and orbital perturbations
Authors: Mawad Ramy 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSea level rising and oscillations indicate global Earth's mass variability. I propose inflow of mass to the Earth from space through coronal mass ejections, solar wind, small comets, and meteoroids that brings water to Earth's atmosphere. Outflow mass can also escape plasma into space. Sea level rising is highly correlated with Earth's orbital perturbations. Monthly and annual periodicities are found in the two variables. Monthly periodicities are attributed to the oscillations of center of gravity of the Earth‐Moon system as the Moon revolves around the Earth. Annual periodicities are found with minimum in February and maximum in November, pointing to mass variability.
Further evidence of the Levantine Iron Age geomagnetic anomaly from Georgian pottery
Authors: Shaar Ron , Tauxe Lisa , Goguitchaichvili Avto , Devidze Marina , Licheli Vakhtang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecent archaeomagnetic data from ancient Israel revealed the existence of a so‐called “Levantine Iron Age geomagnetic anomaly” (LIAA) which spanned the first 350 years of the first millennium before the Common Era (B.C.E.) and was characterized by a high averaged geomagnetic field (virtual axial dipole moments, VADM > 140 Z Am2, nearly twice of today's field), short decadal‐scale geomagnetic spikes (VADM of 160–185 Z Am2), fast field variations, and substantial deviation from dipole field direction. The geographic constraints of the LIAA have remained elusive due to limited high‐quality paleointensity data in surrounding locations. Here we report archaeointensity data from Georgia showing high field values (VADM > 150 Z Am2) in the tenth or ninth century B.C.E., low field values (VADM < 60 Z Am2) in the twelfth century B.C.E., and fast field variation in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. High field values in the time frame of LIAA have been observed so far only in three localities near the Levant: Eastern Anatolia, Turkmenistan, and now Georgia, all located east of longitude 30°E. West of this, in the Balkans, field values in the same time are moderate to low. These constraints put geographic limits on the extent of the LIAA and support the hypothesis of an unusually intense regional geomagnetic anomaly during the beginning of the first half of the first millennium B.C.E., comparable in area and magnitude (but of opposite sign) to the presently active South Atlantic anomaly.
Depth‐dependent rupture mode along the Ecuador‐Colombia subduction zone
Authors: Yoshimoto Masahiro , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Acero Wilson , Ponce Gabriela , Vásconez Freddy , Arrais Santiago , Ruiz Mario , Alvarado Alexandra , Pedraza García Patricia , Dionicio Viviana , Chamorro Orlando , Maeda Yuta , Nakano Masaru 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA large earthquake (Mw 7.7) occurred on 16 April 2016 within the source region of the 1906 earthquake in the Ecuador‐Colombia subduction zone. The 1906 event has been interpreted as a megathrust earthquake (Mw 8.8) that ruptured the source regions of smaller earthquakes in 1942, 1958, and 1979 in this subduction. Our seismic analysis indicated that the spatial distribution of the 2016 earthquake and its aftershocks correlated with patches of high interplate coupling strength and was similar to those of the 1942 earthquake and its aftershocks, suggesting that the 2016 and 1942 earthquakes ruptured the same asperity. Our analysis of tsunami waveforms of the 1906 event indicated Mw around 8.4 and showed that large slip occurred near the trench off the source regions of the above three historical and the 2016 earthquakes, suggesting that a depth‐dependent complex rupture mode exists along this subduction zone.
Quasi‐biennial oscillation of the ionospheric wind dynamo
Authors: Yamazaki Yosuke , Liu Huixin , Sun Yang‐Yi , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Kosch Michael J. , Mlynczak Martin G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe interannual variation of the ionospheric solar quiet (Sq) current system is examined. A dense magnetometer network over Japan enables the accurate determination of the central position of the northern Sq current loop or the Sq current focus, during 1999–2015. It is found that the Sq focus latitude undergoes an interannual variation of ±2° with a period of approximately 28 months, similar to the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropical lower stratosphere. The QBO‐like variation of Sq is particularly evident during 2005–2013. No corresponding interannual variability is found in solar extreme ultraviolet radiation. Comparisons with tidal winds, derived from a whole‐atmosphere model, reveal that the QBO‐like variation of the Sq current focus is highly correlated with the amplitude variations of migrating and nonmigrating diurnal tides in the lower thermosphere. The results suggest that the stratospheric QBO can influence the ionospheric wind dynamo through the QBO modulation of tides.