bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Dewey and the dialogue between architecture and neuroscience
Authors: Robinson Sarah 
Published: May 2016

Sustainability is the most significant force to change architecture since the breakthrough of modernism a century ago. So far the contributions of architects to this mandate have largely amounted to technological interventions. Yet the urgent call for sustainability demands going beyond merely technological solutions to modify behavioral patterns, cultural habits and even our deeply ingrained ideas about ourselves. The very notion that architecture could modify behavioral patterns, or the sedimentation of habits seems far-fetched in an epistemological framework that has drawn strict lines between outside and inside, subject and object, body and mind — all the dualities that the cognitive and neurosciences have been gradually working to undermine. Our practice as architects has been unconsciously shaped by centuries of formalist thinking that have turned buildings into inanimate objects; a habit of thinking that has weakened our role and contributed to the sense that architecture is a luxury item, one among many consumable commodities — though we can no longer deny that it is the very fabric of our survival and flourishing.Further, the once healthy plurality of our architectural theory has left us without a coherent philosophical framework with which to confront the climate crisis. For John Dewey, theory and practice were not ontologically separate domains, but two distinct yet inseparable and necessary aspects of engaging in the world. This essay explores how Dewey's pragmatic philosophy could help to build a theoretical framework that would allow us to apply and integrate the findings of the cognitive and neurosciences into our architectural practice and education, so that we might respond not only to the constraints and opportunities of the given context — site, program and energy resources—but also to the limits and affordances of our perceptual systems and the whole of our body and mind.
Farmers’ markets’ uptake of food assistance programmes in East Tennessee, USA
Authors: Russomanno Jennifer , Jabson Jennifer M 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveLimited acceptance of government food assistance programmes such as the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a barrier that produces unequal access to market products for SNAP beneficiaries. There is a dearth of published evidence to explain the limited SNAP acceptance at farmers’ markets. The current project aimed to fill this gap; to identify and describe the barriers to markets’ acceptance of SNAP.DesignCross-sectional, semi-structured interviews were conducted.SettingAll interviews were conducted via telephone.SubjectsTwelve East Tennessee area market managers, vendors and other key stakeholders.ResultsMultiple barriers exist for SNAP implementation at markets including administrative and time limitations, prejudice from market vendors against SNAP beneficiaries, and resistance to invasive and burdensome requirements of the USDA SNAP application required for farmers’ markets.ConclusionsSNAP acceptance at farmers’ markets is a complex issue, especially for small, rural markets. If farmers’ markets are to serve as sustainable resources to increase food access, these issues must be addressed so that SNAP can be accepted. Successful implementation of SNAP at rural markets requires increased administrative support and vendor education about SNAP and its beneficiaries. A revised USDA SNAP application process for farmers’ markets should also be considered.
Berufs-Interessen-Test
Authors: Klumb Petra L. , Gatzka Thomas , Allehoff Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Der Interessenfragebogen BIT-II wurde im Jahr 1984 entwickelt und verschiedene Autorinnen und Autoren hatten in der Zwischenzeit eine Aktualisierung angemahnt. In einer Stichprobe von 366 deutschen und Schweizer Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe haben wir die Ausprägung von Berufsinteressen mit einer aktualisierten Version des BIT-II erhoben und weitere Instrumente eingesetzt, um die Validität der überarbeiteten Fassung zu bestimmen. Während sich einige Unterschiede in den Mittelwerten der BIT-Versionen zeigten, erwiesen sich faktorielle Struktur und Rohwertverteilungen als ähnlich. Konvergente und diskriminante Validität wurden durch die erwarteten Korrelationen zu den 6 RIASEC-Dimensionen (gemessen über den Explorix) und einem Maß der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit belegt. Schließlich fanden wir die erwarteten Zusammenhangsmuster zu Lieblingsfächern, schulischen Leistungen und Freizeitaktivitäten sowie Hinweise auf inkrementelle Validität über den Explorix. Wir schließen daher, dass die neue Version des BIT-II anstelle der alten vorläufig verwendet werden kann. Es fehlen jedoch noch Items für neu entstandene Berufe und weitere Evidenz zur Konstrukt- und kriterienbezogenen Validität.
Entwicklung und erste Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von Szientismus
Authors: Korte Stefan , Berger Roland , Imwalle Christian , Hänze Martin 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ausgehend von einem Itempool von 111 Items wurde eine Kurzskala mit 10 Items zur Erfassung szientistischer Überzeugungen entwickelt. Nach einer ersten Überprüfung der inhaltlichen Validität des Itempools mit Hilfe von Schülerinterviews und einer Expertenbefragung wurden die verbliebenen 66 Items in einem zweiten Entwicklungsschritt mit einer Stichprobe von 888 Schülerinnen und Schülern untersucht; die Resultate zeigen, dass das Konstrukt szientistischer Überzeugungen eindimensional ist und die Kurzskala von 10 Items eine gute Reliabilität besitzt. In einer zweiten Studie mit 273 Studierenden korrelierten szientistische Überzeugungen mit Aspekten epistemologischer Überzeugungen in mäßigem Ausmaß. Eine weitere Untersuchung mit 235 Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie 276 Studierenden zeigte einerseits positive Korrelationen der szientistischen Überzeugungen mit den Skalen kognitive Geschlossenheit und Physikinteresse sowie andererseits negative Korrelationen mit den Skalen Offenheit für neue Erfahrungen und Bedürfnis nach Kognition. Die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Validierungsstudie zeigen, dass szientistische Überzeugungen durch die Bearbeitung eines Textes über die methodischen Grenzen der Physik beeinflussbar sind.
Mechanical stimulation orchestrates the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells by regulating HDAC1
Authors: Wang J , Wang C D , Zhang N , Tong W X , Zhang Y F , Shan S Z , Zhang X L , Li Q F 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMechanical stimulation and histone deacetylases (HDACs) have essential roles in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and bone formation. However, little is known regarding what regulates HDAC expression and therefore the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during osteogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether mechanical loading regulates HDAC expression directly and examined the role of HDACs in mechanical loading-triggered osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. We first studied the microarrays of samples from patients with osteoporosis and found that the NOTCH pathway and skeletal development gene sets were downregulated in the BMSCs of patients with osteoporosis. Then we demonstrated that mechanical stimuli can regulate osteogenesis and bone formation bothin vivoandin vitro. NOTCH signaling was upregulated during cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-induced osteogenic differentiation, whereas HDAC1 protein expression was downregulated. The perturbation of HDAC1 expression also had a significant effect on matrix mineralization and JAG1-mediated Notch signaling, suggesting that HDAC1 acts as an endogenous attenuator of Notch signaling in the mechanotransduction of BMSCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay results suggest that HDAC1 modulates the CMS-induced histone H3 acetylation level at the JAG1 promoter. More importantly, we found an inhibitory role of Hdac1 in regulating bone formation in response to hindlimb unloading in mice, and pretreatment with an HDAC1 inhibitor partly rescued the osteoporosis caused by mechanical unloading. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that mechanical stimulation orchestrates genes expression involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the direct regulation of HDAC1, and the therapeutic inhibition of HDAC1 may be an efficient strategy for enhancing bone formation under mechanical stimulation.
A human genome-wide loss-of-function screen identifies effective chikungunya antiviral drugs
Authors: Karlas Alexander , Berre Stefano , Couderc Thérèse , Varjak Margus , Braun Peter , Meyer Michael , Gangneux Nicolas , Karo-Astover Liis , Weege Friderike , Raftery Martin , Schönrich Günther , Klemm Uwe , Wurzlbauer Anne , Bracher Franz , Merits Andres , Meyer Thomas F. , Lecuit Marc 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a globally spreading alphavirus against which there is no commercially available vaccine or therapy. Here we use a genome-wide siRNA screen to identify 156 proviral and 41 antiviral host factors affecting CHIKV replication. We analyse the cellular pathways in which human proviral genes are involved and identify druggable targets. Twenty-one small-molecule inhibitors, some of which are FDA approved, targeting six proviral factors or pathways, have high antiviral activity in vitro, with low toxicity. Three identified inhibitors have prophylactic antiviral effects in mouse models of chikungunya infection. Two of them, the calmodulin inhibitor pimozide and the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor TOFA, have a therapeutic effect in vivo when combined. These results demonstrate the value of loss-of-function screening and pathway analysis for the rational identification of small molecules with therapeutic potential and pave the way for the development of new, host-directed, antiviral agents.
A high-resolution strain-gauge nanolaser
Authors: Choi Jae-Hyuck , No You-Shin , So Jae-Pil , Lee Jung Min , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Hwang Min-Soo , Kwon Soon-Hong , Park Hong-Gyu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInterest in mechanical compliance has been motivated by the development of flexible electronics and mechanosensors. In particular, studies and characterization of structural deformation at the fundamental scale can offer opportunities to improve the device sensitivity and spatiotemporal response; however, the development of precise measurement tools with the appropriate resolution remains a challenge. Here we report a flexible and stretchable photonic crystal nanolaser whose spectral and modal behaviours are sensitive to nanoscale structural alterations. Reversible spectral tuning of ∼26 nm in lasing wavelength, with a sub-nanometre resolution of less than ∼0.6 nm, is demonstrated in response to applied strain ranging from −10 to 12%. Instantaneous visualization of the sign of the strain is also characterized by exploring the structural and corresponding modal symmetry. Furthermore, our high-resolution strain-gauge nanolaser functions as a stable and deterministic strain-based pH sensor in an opto-fluidic system, which may be useful for further analysis of chemical/biological systems.
Electricity and disinfectant production from wastewater: Microbial Fuel Cell as a self-powered electrolyser
Authors: Gajda Iwona , Greenman John , Melhuish Chris , Ieropoulos Ioannis A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study presents a simple and sustainable Microbial Fuel Cell as a standalone, self-powered reactor for in situ wastewater electrolysis, recovering nitrogen from wastewater. A process is proposed whereby the MFC electrical performance drives the electrolysis of wastewater towards the self-generation of catholyte within the same reactor. The MFCs were designed to harvest the generated catholyte in the internal chamber, which showed that liquid production rates are largely proportional to electrical current generation. The catholyte demonstrated bactericidal properties, compared to the control (open-circuit) diffusate and reduced observable biofilm formation on the cathode electrode. Killing effects were confirmed using bacterial kill curves constructed by exposing a bioluminescent Escherichia coli target, as a surrogate coliform, to catholyte where a rapid kill rate was observed. Therefore, MFCs could serve as a water recovery system, a disinfectant/cleaner generator that limits undesired biofilm formation and as a washing agent in waterless urinals to improve sanitation. This simple and ready to implement MFC system can convert organic waste directly into electricity and self-driven nitrogen along with water recovery. This could lead to the development of energy positive bioprocesses for sustainable wastewater treatment.
Discovery of novel peptides targeting pro-atherogenic endothelium in disturbed flow regions -Targeted siRNA delivery to pro-atherogenic endothelium in vivo
Authors: Chung Jihwa , Shim Hyunbo , Kim Kwanchang , Lee Duhwan , Kim Won Jong , Kang Dong Hoon , Kang Sang Won , Jo Hanjoong , Kwon Kihwan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAtherosclerosis occurs preferentially in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow. Targeting these pro-atherogenic regions is a potential anti-atherogenic therapeutic approach, but it has been extremely challenging. Here, using in vivo phage display approach and the partial carotid ligation model of flow-induced atherosclerosis in mouse, we identified novel peptides that specifically bind to endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to disturbed flow condition in pro-atherogenic regions. Two peptides, CLIRRTSIC and CPRRSHPIC, selectively bound to arterial ECs exposed to disturbed flow not only in the partially ligated carotids but also in the lesser curvature and branching point of the aortic arch in mice as well as human pulmonary artery branches. Peptides were conjugated to branched polyethylenimine-polyethylene glycol polymer to generate polyplexes carrying siRNA targeting intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (siICAM-1). In mouse model, CLIRRTSIC polyplexes carrying si-ICAM-1 specifically bound to endothelium in disturbed flow regions, reducing endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that non-muscle myosin heavy chain II A (NMHC IIA) is a protein targeted by CLIRRTSIC peptide. Further studies showed that shear stress regulates NMHC IIA expression and localization in ECs. The CLIRRTSIC is a novel peptide that could be used for targeted delivery of therapeutics such as siRNAs to pro-atherogenic endothelium.
Dissecting Driver Behaviors Under Cognitive, Emotional, Sensorimotor, and Mixed Stressors
Authors: Pavlidis I. , Dcosta M. , Taamneh S. , Manser M. , Ferris T. , Wunderlich R. , Akleman E. , Tsiamyrtzis P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn a simulation experiment we studied the effects of cognitive, emotional, sensorimotor, and mixed stressors on driver arousal and performance with respect to (wrt) baseline. In a sample of n = 59 drivers, balanced in terms of age and gender, we found that all stressors incurred significant increases in mean sympathetic arousal accompanied by significant increases in mean absolute steering. The latter, translated to significantly larger range of lane departures only in the case of sensorimotor and mixed stressors, indicating more dangerous driving wrt baseline. In the case of cognitive or emotional stressors, often a smaller range of lane departures was observed, indicating safer driving wrt baseline. This paradox suggests an effective coping mechanism at work, which compensates erroneous reactions precipitated by cognitive or emotional conflict. This mechanisms’ grip slips, however, when the feedback loop is intermittently severed by sensorimotor distractions. Interestingly, mixed stressors did not affect crash rates in startling events, suggesting that the coping mechanism’s compensation time scale is above the range of neurophysiological latency.
A Modular Vaccine Development Platform Based on Sortase-Mediated Site-Specific Tagging of Antigens onto Virus-Like Particles
Authors: Tang Shubing , Xuan Baoqin , Ye Xiaohua , Huang Zhong , Qian Zhikang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVirus-like particles (VLPs) can be used as powerful nanoscale weapons to fight against virus infection. In addition to direct use as vaccines, VLPs have been extensively exploited as platforms on which to display foreign antigens for prophylactic vaccination and immunotherapeutic treatment. Unfortunately, fabrication of new chimeric VLP vaccines in a versatile, site-specific and highly efficient manner is beyond the capability of traditional VLP vaccine design approaches, genetic insertion and chemical conjugation. In this study, we described a greatly improved VLP display strategy by chemoenzymatic site-specific tailoring antigens on VLPs surface with high efficiency. Through the transpeptidation mediated by sortase A, one protein and two epitopes containing N-terminal oligoglycine were conjugated to the LPET motif on the surface of hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) VLPs with high density. All of the new chimeric VLPs induced strong specific IgG responses. Furthermore, the chimeric VLPs with sortase A tagged enterovirus 71 (EV71) SP70 epitope could elicit effective antibodies against EV71 lethal challenging as well as the genetic insertion chimeric VLPs. The sortase A mediated chemoenzymatic site-specific tailoring of the HBc VLP approach shows great potential in new VLP vaccine design for its simplicity, site specificity, high efficiency, and versatility.
Soil pH, total phosphorus, climate and distance are the major factors influencing microbial activity at a regional spatial scale
Authors: Cao Haichuan , Chen Ruirui , Wang Libing , Jiang Lanlan , Yang Fen , Zheng Shixue , Wang Gejiao , Lin Xiangui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConsidering the extensive functional redundancy in microbial communities and great difficulty in elucidating it based on taxonomic structure, studies on the biogeography of soil microbial activity at large spatial scale are as important as microbial community structure. Eighty-four soil samples were collected across a region from south to north China (about 1,000 km) to address the questions if microbial activity displays biogeographic patterns and what are driving forces. These samples represented different soil types, land use and climate. Redundancy analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling clearly revealed that soil microbial activities showed distinct differentiation at different sites over a regional spatial scale, which were strongly affected by soil pH, total P, rainfall, temperature, soil type and location. In addition, microbial community structure was greatly influenced by rainfall, location, temperature, soil pH and soil type and was correlated with microbial activity to some extent. Our results suggest that microbial activities display a clear geographic pattern that is greatly altered by geographic distance and reflected by climate, soil pH and total P over large spatial scales. There are common (distance, climate, pH and soil type) but differentiated aspects (TP, SOC and N) in the biogeography of soil microbial community structure and activity.
Highly Efficient White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Ultrathin Emissive Layers and a Spacer-Free Structure
Authors: Wu Shengfan , Li Sihua , Sun Qi , Huang Chenchao , Fung Man-Keung 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUltrathin emissive layers (UEMLs) of phosphorescent materials with a layer thickness of less than 0.3 nm were introduced for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). All the UEMLs for white OLEDs can be prepared without the use of interlayers or spacers. Compared with devices fabricated with interlayers inserted in-between the UEMLs, our spacer-free structure not only significantly improves device efficiency, but also simplifies the fabrication process, thus it has a great potential in lowering the cost of OLED panels. In addition, its spacer-free structure decreases the number of interfaces which often introduce unnecessary energy barriers in these devices. In the present work, UEMLs of red, green and blue-emitting phosphorescent materials and yellow and blue phosphorescent emitters are utilized for the demonstration of spacer-free white OLEDs. Upon optimization of the device structure, we demonstrated spacer-free and simple-structured white-emitting OLEDs with a good device performance. The current and power efficiencies of our white-emitting devices are as high as 56.0 cd/A and 55.5 lm/W, respectively. These efficiencies are the highest ever reported for OLEDs fabricated with the UEML approach.
Cellular graphene aerogel combines ultralow weight and high mechanical strength: A highly efficient reactor for catalytic hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Bingxing , Zhang Jianling , Sang Xinxin , Liu Chengcheng , Luo Tian , Peng Li , Han Buxing , Tan Xiuniang , Ma Xue , Wang Dong , Zhao Ning 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe construction of three-dimensional graphene aerogels (GAs) is of great importance owing to their outstanding properties for various applications. Up to now, the combination of ultralow weight and super mechanical strength for GA remains a great challenge. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of cellular GAs by a facile, easily controlled and versatile route, i.e. the chemical reduction of graphene oxide assemblies at oil-water interface under a mild condition (70 °C). The GA is ultralight (with density <3 mg cm−3) yet mechanically resilient because the walls of the cell closely pack in a highly ordered manner to maximize mechanical strength. The GA has been utilized as an appealing reactor for catalytic hydrogenation, which exhibited great advantages such as large oil absorption capability, exceptional catalytic activity, ease of product separation and high stability.
Impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on brain inflammation and oxidative stress in male mice offspring
Authors: Chan Yik Lung , Saad Sonia , Pollock Carol , Oliver Brian , Al-Odat Ibrahim , Zaky Amgad A. , Jones Nicole , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMaternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) during gestation can cause lifelong adverse effects in the offspring’s brain. Several factors may contribute including inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia, whose changes in the developing brain are unknown. Female Balb/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were studied at postnatal day (P) 1, P20 and 13 weeks (W13). SE dams had reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6 and toll like receptor (TLR)4 mRNA), antioxidant (manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)) and increased mitochondrial activities (OXPHOS-I, III and V) and protein damage marker nitrotyrosine. Brain hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α and its upstream signalling molecule early growth response factor (EGR)1 were not changed in the SE dams. In the SE offspring, brain IL-1R, IL-6 and TLR4 mRNA were increased at W13. The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane and MnSOD were reduced at W13 with higher nitrotyrosine staining. HIF-1α was also increased at W13, although EGR1 was only reduced at P1. In conclusion, maternal SE increased markers of hypoxia and oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell damage in both dams and offspring and upregulated inflammatory markers in offspring, which may render SE dams and their offspring vulnerable to additional brain insults.