bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer effects of errorless Goal Management Training on cognitive function and quality of life in brain-injured persons
Authors: Bertens Dirk , Kessels Roy P.C. , Boelen Danielle H.E. , Fasotti Luciano 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Previous findings had shown that the addition of errorless learning to traditional Goal Management Training (GMT) resulted in superior results when training everyday tasks in persons with executive deficits after brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the additional effects of an errorless GMT on cognitive function and quality of life after acquired brain injury. METHODS: This is a supplementary analysis of findings from an RCT in which 67 patients with executive impairments after acquired brain injury were randomly allocated to an experimental errorless GMT ( n = 33) or conventional GMT ( n = 34) to train two individually chosen everyday tasks. Objective cognitive function using neuropsychological tests, subjective cognitive complaints and quality of life using questionnaires were assessed before and after training. RESULTS: No significant interaction effects between these three types of outcome measures and the two forms of GMT were found. Irrespective of treatment, performance on two executive tests (Modified Six Elements Test; p = 0.006, Zoo Map test; p = 0.001) improved and daily executive function problems as reported by the participants (EFI; p = 0.001) and proxies (DEX; p = 0.01) diminished. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the previously found superiority of errorless GMT when training everyday tasks, additional improvements in cognition and quality of life did not differ between the two treatments.
INFRARED CONTINUUM AND LINE EVOLUTION OF THE EQUATORIAL RING AROUND SN 1987A
Authors: Arendt Richard G. , Dwek Eli , Bouchet Patrice , Danziger I. John , Frank Kari A. , Gehrz Robert D. , Park Sangwook , Woodward Charles E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Spitzer observations of SN 1987A have now spanned more than a decade. Since day ∼4000, mid-infrared (mid-IR) emission has been dominated by that from shock-heated dust in the equatorial ring (ER). From 6000 to 8000 days after the explosion, Spitzer observations included broadband photometry at 3.6–24 μm, and low and moderate resolution spectroscopy at 5–35 μm. Here we present later Spitzer observations, through day 10,377, which include only the broadband measurements at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. These data show that the 3.6 and 4.5 μm brightness has clearly begun to fade after day ∼8500, and no longer tracks the X-ray emission as well as it did at earlier epochs. This can be explained by the destruction of the dust in the ER on timescales shorter than the cooling time for the shocked gas. We find that the evolution of the late time IR emission is also similar to the now fading optical emission. We provide the complete record of the IR emission lines, as seen by Spitzer prior to day 8000. The past evolution of the gas as seen by the IR emission lines seems largely consistent with the optical emission, although the IR [Fe ii] and [Si ii] lines show different, peculiar velocity structures.
THE IMPACT OF ACCURATE EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS FOR X-RAY SPECTRAL MODELS
Authors: Smith Randall K. , Valencic Lynne A. , Corrales Lia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Interstellar extinction includes both absorption and scattering of photons from interstellar gas and dust grains, and it has the effect of altering a source's spectrum and its total observed intensity. However, while multiple absorption models exist, there are no useful scattering models in standard X-ray spectrum fitting tools, such as XSPEC. Nonetheless, X-ray halos, created by scattering from dust grains, are detected around even moderately absorbed sources, and the impact on an observed source spectrum can be significant, if modest, compared to direct absorption. By convolving the scattering cross section with dust models, we have created a spectral model as a function of energy, type of dust, and extraction region that can be used with models of direct absorption. This will ensure that the extinction model is consistent and enable direct connections to be made between a source's X-ray spectral fits and its UV/optical extinction.
PAN-CHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE RECURRENT NOVA LMC 2009a (LMC 1971b)
Authors: Bode M. F. , Darnley M. J. , Beardmore A. P. , Osborne J. P. , Page K. L. , Walter F. M. , Krautter J. , Melandri A. , Ness J.-U. , O’Brien T. J. , Orio M. , Schwarz G. J. , Shara M. M. , Starrfield S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Nova LMC 2009a is confirmed as a recurrent nova (RN) from positional coincidence with nova LMC 1971b. The observational data set is one of the most comprehensive for any Galactic or extragalactic RN: optical and near-IR photometry from outburst until over 6 years later; optical spectra for the first 6 months, and Swift satellite ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray observations from 9 days to almost 1 year post-outburst. We find M

V
= −8.4 ± 0.8r ± 0.7s and expansion velocities between 1000 and 4000 km s−1. Coronal line emission before day 9 indicates shocks in the ejecta. Strengthening of He ii
λ4686 preceded the emergence of the super-soft source (SSS) in X-rays at ∼63–70 days, which was initially very variable. Periodic modulations, P = 1.2 days, most probably orbital in nature, were evident in the UV and optical from day 43. Subsequently, the SSS shows an oscillation with the same period but with a delay of 0.28P. The progenitor system has been identified; the secondary is most likely a sub-giant feeding a luminous accretion disk. Properties of the SSS infer a white dwarf (WD) mass 1.1 M
⊙ ≲ M
WD ≲ 1.3 M
⊙. If the accretion occurs at a constant rate,

yr−1 is needed, consistent with nova models for an inter-eruption interval of 38 years, low outburst amplitude, progenitor position in the color–magnitude diagram, and spectral energy distribution at quiescence. We note striking similarities between LMC 2009a and the Galactic nova KT Eri, suggesting that KT Eri is a candidate RN.
STRUCTURE, STABILITY, AND EVOLUTION OF MAGNETIC FLUX ROPES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAGNETIC TWIST
Authors: Liu Rui , Kliem Bernhard , Titov Viacheslav S. , Chen Jun , Wang Yuming , Wang Haimin , Liu Chang , Xu Yan , Wiegelmann Thomas 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the evolution of NOAA Active Region (AR) 11817 during 2013 August 10–12, when it developed a complex field configuration and produced four confined, followed by two eruptive, flares. These C-and-above flares are all associated with a magnetic flux rope (MFR) located along the major polarity inversion line, where shearing and converging photospheric flows are present. Aided by the nonlinear force-free field modeling, we identify the MFR through mapping magnetic connectivities and computing the twist number

for each individual field line. The MFR is moderately twisted (

) and has a well-defined boundary of high squashing factor Q. We found that the field line with the extremum

is a reliable proxy of the rope axis, and that the MFR's peak

temporarily increases within half an hour before each flare while it decreases after the flare peak for both confined and eruptive flares. This pre-flare increase in

has little effect on the AR's free magnetic energy or any other parameters derived for the whole region, due to its moderate amount and the MFR's relatively small volume, while its decrease after flares is clearly associated with the stepwise decrease in the whole region's free magnetic energy due to the flare. We suggest that

may serve as a useful parameter in forewarning the onset of eruption, and therefore, the consequent space weather effects. The helical kink instability is identified as the prime candidate onset mechanism for the considered flares.
STRUCTURE AND STABILITY OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGION 12192 BASED ON NONLINEAR FORCE-FREE FIELD MODELING
Authors: Inoue S. , Hayashi K. , Kusano K. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structure and its stability in large solar active region (AR) 12192, using the 3D coronal magnetic field constructed under a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) approximation. In particular, we focus on the magnetic structure that produced an X3.1-class flare, which is one of the X-class flares observed in AR 12192. According to our analysis, the AR contains a multiple-flux-tube system, e.g., a large flux tube, with footpoints that are anchored to the large bipole field, under which other tubes exist close to a polarity inversion line (PIL). These various flux tubes of different sizes and shapes coexist there. In particular, the latter are embedded along the PIL, which produces a favorable shape for the tether-cutting reconnection and is related to the X-class solar flare. We further found that most of magnetic twists are not released even after the flare, which is consistent with the fact that no observational evidence for major eruptions was found. On the other hand, the upper part of the flux tube is beyond a critical decay index, essential for the excitation of torus instability before the flare, even though no coronal mass ejections were observed. We discuss the stability of the complicated flux tube system and suggest the reason for the existence of the stable flux tube. In addition, we further point out a possibility for tracing the shape of flare ribbons, on the basis of a detailed structural analysis of the NLFFF before a flare.
FORMING THE COLD CLASSICAL KUIPER BELT IN A LIGHT DISK
Authors: Shannon Andrew , Wu Yanqin , Lithwick Yoram 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Large Kuiper Belt objects are conventionally thought to have formed out of a massive planetesimal belt that is a few thousand times its current mass. Such a picture, however, is incompatible with multiple lines of evidence. Here, we present a new model for the conglomeration of Cold Classical Kuiper Belt objects, out of a solid belt only a few times its current mass, or a few per cent of the solid density in a Minimum Mass Solar Nebula. This is made possible by depositing most of the primordial mass in grains of centimeter size or smaller. These grains collide frequently and maintain a dynamically cold belt out of which large bodies grow efficiently: an order-unity fraction of the solid mass can be converted into large bodies, in contrast to the

efficiency in conventional models. Such a light belt may represent the true outer edge of the solar system, and it may have effectively halted the outward migration of Neptune. In addition to the high efficiency, our model can also produce a mass spectrum that peaks at an intermediate size, similar to the observed Cold Classicals, if one includes the effect of cratering collisions. In particular, the observed power-law break observed at

for Cold Classicals, one that has been interpreted as a result of collisional erosion, may be primordial in origin.
THE MASS ACCRETION RATE OF GALAXY CLUSTERS: A MEASURABLE QUANTITY
Authors: De Boni C. , Serra A. L. , Diaferio A. , Giocoli C. , Baldi M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the possibility of measuring the mass accretion rate (MAR) of galaxy clusters from their mass profiles beyond the virial radius R
200. We derive the accretion rate from the mass of a spherical shell whose inner radius is 2R
200, whose thickness changes with redshift, and whose infall velocity is assumed to be equal to the mean infall velocity of the spherical shells of dark matter halos extracted from N-body simulations. This approximation is rather crude in hierarchical clustering scenarios where both smooth accretion and aggregation of smaller dark matter halos contribute to the mass accretion of clusters. Nevertheless, in the redshift range z = [0, 2], our prescription returns an average MAR within 20%–40% of the average rate derived from the merger trees of dark matter halos extracted from N-body simulations. The MAR of galaxy clusters has been the topic of numerous detailed numerical and theoretical investigations, but so far it has remained inaccessible to measurements in the real universe. Since the measurement of the mass profile of clusters beyond their virial radius can be performed with the caustic technique applied to dense redshift surveys of the cluster outer regions, our result suggests that measuring the mean MAR of a sample of galaxy clusters is actually feasible. We thus provide a new potential observational test of the cosmological and structure formation models.
MODELING THE EARLY MULTIWAVELENGTH EMISSION IN GRB 130427A
Authors: Fraija N. , Lee W. , Veres P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
One of the most powerful gamma-ray bursts, GRB 130427A was swiftly detected from GeV γ-rays to optical wavelengths. In the GeV band, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope observed the highest-energy photon ever recorded of 95 GeV and a bright peak in the early phase followed by emission temporally extended for more than 20 hr. In the optical band, a bright flash with a magnitude of 7.03 ± 0.03 in the time interval from 9.31 to 19.31 s after the trigger was reported by RAPTOR in r band. We study the origin of the GeV γ-ray emission, using the multiwavelength observation detected in X-ray and optical bands. The origin of the temporally extended LAT, X-ray, and optical flux is naturally interpreted as synchrotron radiation, and the 95 GeV photon and the integral flux upper limits placed by the high-altitude water Cerenkov observatory are consistent with synchrotron self-Compton from an adiabatic forward shock propagating into the stellar wind of its progenitor. The extreme LAT peak and the bright optical flash are explained through synchrotron self-Compton and synchrotron emission from the reverse shock, respectively, when the ejecta evolves in the thick-shell regime and carries a significant magnetic field.
PENTACARBON DIOXIDE (C5O2) FORMATION AND ITS ROLE AS A TRACER OF SOLAR SYSTEM EVOLUTION
Authors: Förstel Marko , Maksyutenko Pavlo , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Carbon monoxide is the second most abundant molecule on icy grains in the interstellar medium. These grains are under the influence of ionizing radiation, which induces the chemical reaction within the ice. Here we report the first observation of subliming pentacarbon dioxide (C5O2) after irradiation of pure carbon monoxide ice with energetic electrons. Our results show that pentacarbon dioxide is a stable reaction product in a carbon monoxide matrix that survives the sublimation in star-forming regions at sublimation temperatures of 175 K. Along with carbon suboxide (C3O2), this molecule can serve as a powerful tracer of the temperature history of formerly carbon monoxide rich ices in molecular clouds and star-forming regions.
Interpretation of deformed ionograms induced by vertical ground motion of seismic Rayleigh waves and infrasound in the thermosphere
Authors: Maruyama Takashi , Yusupov Kamil , Akchurin Adel 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The vertical ground motion of seismic surface waves launches acoustic waves into the atmosphere and induces ionospheric disturbances. Disturbances due to Rayleigh waves near the short-period Airy phase appear as wavy fluctuations in the virtual height of an ionogram and have a multiple-cusp signature (MCS) when the fluctuation amplitude is increased. An extremely developed MCS was observed at Kazan, Russia, after the 2010 M 8.8 Chile earthquake. The ionogram exhibited steep satellite traces for which the virtual heights increased rapidly with frequency starting near the top of cusps and continuing for 0.1–0.2 MHz. This complicated ionogram was analyzed by applying a ray tracing technique to the radio wave propagation in the ionosphere that was perturbed by acoustic waves. Acoustic wavefronts were inclined by the effects of finite Rayleigh wave velocity and sound speed in the thermosphere. The satellite echo traces were reproduced by oblique returns from the inclined wavefronts, in addition to the nearly vertical returns that are responsible for the main trace.
Atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; source and sink patterns over the Indian region
Authors: Fadnavis Suvarna , Ravi Kumar K. , Tiwari Yogesh K. , Pozzoli Luca 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. In this paper we examine CO2 emission hot spots and sink regions over India as identified from global model simulations during the period 2000–2009. CO2 emission hot spots overlap with locations of densely clustered thermal power plants, coal mines and other industrial and urban centres; CO2 sink regions coincide with the locations of dense forest. Fossil fuel CO2 emissions are compared with two bottom-up inventories: the Regional Emission inventories in ASia (REAS v1.11; 2000–2009) and the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.2) (2000–2009). Estimated fossil fuel emissions over the hot spot region are  ∼  500–950 gC m−2 yr−1 as obtained from the global model simulation, EDGAR v4.2 and REAS v1.11 emission inventory. Simulated total fluxes show increasing trends, from 1.39 ± 1.01 % yr−1 (19.8 ± 1.9 TgC yr−1) to 6.7 ± 0.54 % yr−1 (97 ± 12 TgC yr−1) over the hot spot regions and decreasing trends of −0.95 ± 1.51 % yr−1 (−1 ± 2 TgC yr−1) to −5.7 ± 2.89 % yr−1 (−2.3 ± 2 TgC yr−1) over the sink regions. Model-simulated terrestrial ecosystem fluxes show decreasing trends (increasing CO2 uptake) over the sink regions. Decreasing trends in terrestrial ecosystem fluxes imply that forest cover is increasing, which is consistent with India State of Forest Report (2009). Fossil fuel emissions show statistically significant increasing trends in all the data sets considered in this study. Estimated trend in simulated total fluxes over the Indian region is  ∼  4.72 ± 2.25 % yr−1 (25.6 TgC yr−1) which is slightly higher than global growth rate  ∼  3.1 % yr−1 during 2000–2010.
Decadal evaluation of regional climate, air quality, and their interactions over the continental US and their interactions using WRF/Chem version 3.6.1
Authors: Yahya Khairunnisa , Wang Kai , Campbell Patrick , Glotfelty Timothy , He Jian , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) v3.6.1 with the Carbon Bond 2005 (CB05) gas-phase mechanism is evaluated for its first decadal application during 2001–2010 using the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP 8.5) emissions to assess its capability and appropriateness for long-term climatological simulations. The initial and boundary conditions are downscaled from the modified Community Earth System Model/Community Atmosphere Model (CESM/CAM5) v1.2.2. The meteorological initial and boundary conditions are bias-corrected using the National Center for Environmental Protection's Final (FNL) Operational Global Analysis data. Climatological evaluations are carried out for meteorological, chemical, and aerosol–cloud–radiation variables against data from surface networks and satellite retrievals. The model performs very well for the 2 m temperature (T2) for the 10-year period, with only a small cold bias of −0.3 °C. Biases in other meteorological variables including relative humidity at 2 m, wind speed at 10 m, and precipitation tend to be site- and season-specific; however, with the exception of T2, consistent annual biases exist for most of the years from 2001 to 2010. Ozone mixing ratios are slightly overpredicted at both urban and rural locations with a normalized mean bias (NMB) of 9.7 % but underpredicted at rural locations with an NMB of −8.8 %. PM2.5 concentrations are moderately overpredicted with an NMB of 23.3 % at rural sites but slightly underpredicted with an NMB of −10.8 % at urban/suburban sites. In general, the model performs relatively well for chemical and meteorological variables, and not as well for aerosol–cloud–radiation variables. Cloud-aerosol variables including aerosol optical depth, cloud water path, cloud optical thickness, and cloud droplet number concentration are generally underpredicted on average across the continental US. Overpredictions of several cloud variables over the eastern US result in underpredictions of radiation variables (such as net shortwave radiation – GSW – with a mean bias – MB – of −5.7 W m−2) and overpredictions of shortwave and longwave cloud forcing (MBs of  ∼  7 to 8 W m−2), which are important climate variables. While the current performance is deemed to be acceptable, improvements to the bias-correction method for CESM downscaling and the model parameterizations of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, as well as aerosol–cloud interactions, can potentially improve model performance for long-term climate simulations.
What Is Modern Periodical Studies?
Authors: Collier Patrick 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
It has been a decade since the launch of the of the Modernist Journals Project heralded the arrival of what might be called “modern periodical studies.” This essay ponders the degree to which work in this new field has broadened or changed our sense of early twentieth-century print culture and literary history. It focuses on the first five years of the Journal of Modern Periodical Studies as a way of gauging whether modern periodical studies has lived up to its promise of uncovering “largely unexplored ways” in which periodical publishing “shaped modernity,” to quote the journal's opening editorial. I reach a number of provisional conclusions, including that the field of periodicals under scrutiny has expanded dramatically; the imprimatur of literary modernism remains very strong in the field, limiting the degree to which modern periodical studies has expanded or provided fresh views of the literary field; and a tacit disagreement exists as to the object of knowledge in modern periodical studies, with some scholars using early twentieth-century periodicals as a means toward a fuller understanding of modernism, others using them to gain insights about modernity and culture more broadly, and a relative few using them to gain insights into how literature and print culture functioned outside the rubric of modernism. I conclude with a renewed call to make periodicals the primary object of study in ways that are not beholden to preexisting critical categories.
Constructing the Canadian Lowbrow Magazine: The Periodical as Media Object in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Straw Will 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Historians of Canadian popular print culture commonly refer to a “golden age” of English Canadian periodical publishing (1940–46), which was the result of wartime restrictions on the importation of popular magazines from the United States. This article examines a corpus of Canadian periodicals published before and after this golden age. In the late 1930s, before the introduction of wartime measures, a handful of Toronto-based publishers launched titles that reprinted, revised, and repurposed material from U.S. periodicals. After the end of the war, when protections for Canadian periodicals were first dropped, then reintroduced in weakened form, Canadian publishers engaged once again in the reprinting of U.S. materials.
Reading Forensically: Modernist Paper, Newfoundland, and Transatlantic Materiality
Authors: Huculak J. Matthew 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper highlights the importance of North American and Canadian paper industries to modernist print practices. Drawing on previously unpublished archival sources, Huculak argues for a forensic reading of the modernist periodical, one that looks beyond symbolic economies to material realities of Newfoundland's burgeoning wood pulp paper industry at the turn of the twentieth century. By taking into account the complex social system of print products, trade networks, and technologies, the paper sheds new light on modernist print culture and proposes several significant directions for its future preservation.