bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on Protecting the Ocean: The London Convention and Stockholm Declaration at Fifty – Introduction
Authors: Derrig Ríán , Long Ronán , Sun Zhen , Stöfen-O’Brien Aleke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The introduction to this special issue of nineteen short articles, a result of a conference hosted at the World Maritime University (WMU) in October 2022 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Stockholm Declaration and London Convention. The conference was co-organised by the WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under the title ‘Protecting the Ocean – Moving Forward at 50: London Convention and Stockholm Declaration’. The articles in this special issue contextualise these instruments and practice across international environmental law, the law of the sea, and maritime law that descends from them (Part 1); interrogate their allocation of liability and responsibility for protecting the marine environment (Part 2); consider their incorporation of plural sources of knowledge (Part 3); and highlight their instantiation of, and potential to change, relations of international political economy (Part 4).
Rice Cultivation and the Struggle for Subsistence in Early Colonial Suriname (1668–1702)
Authors: Elfrink Thijs L. , van de Hoef Marden J.J. , van Montfort Jip , Bruins Anna L. , van Andel Tinde 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Black Rice Debate discusses the agency of enslaved Africans in rice cultivation in the Americas from the seventeenth century onward. With regard to Suriname, it was considered highly unlikely that rice grew there before 1730 and that Africans at that time knew how to grow rice. This contradicts Maroon oral history, which dates circa 1690 as the time that their first ancestors escaped into the interior forests with rice. Based on Dutch archival records, we show that rice was present in Suriname before the Dutch conquered the colony in 1668. Shortly afterward, it became a staple food as a means to mitigate the ongoing food scarcity. Enslaved Africans played a crucial role in the establishment of designated plantations to grow subsistence crops. Archival records also indicate that conditions were present as early as 1686 for enslaved Africans to escape slavery, bringing rice with them. Our research highlights the importance of connecting archival data to geographical, botanical, and oral history research to reveal misrepresented historical actors, such as enslaved Africans.
Coupled Fire–Atmosphere Simulations of the Split, Croatia, Wildfire
Authors: Tomašević Ivana Čavlina , Malečić Barbara , Vučetić Višnjica , Prtenjak Maja Telišman , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Fox-Hughes Paul , Beggs Paul J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Weather Research and Forecasting Spread FIRE (WRF-SFIRE) model was used to simulate the evolution of the fire perimeter for the Split wildfire in Croatia, evaluated in our previous detailed reconstruction of the event. A four-domain configuration was applied, with the innermost domain having a resolution of 500 m with a planetary boundary layer parameterization. The coupled fire grid was further downscaled to 33.3-m resolution, using the best available estimates of topography and fuel load data. WRF-SFIRE simulated slightly smaller fire areas in the four observed fire perimeter stages of the Split wildfire event, especially the northwestward spread in the last stage along the Adriatic coast. Additional experiments with multiple ignitions in the WRF-SFIRE model, representing the spotting mechanism, successfully simulated the northwestward spread in the event. The study also included sensitivity experiments that turned off the heat and moisture flux coupling between WRF and the fire grid. It was found that the simulated fire area is larger than the model run that included heat and moisture feedback from the fire grid to the atmosphere, which is contrary to some previous studies. The large wind speed and convergence along the fire line in our feedback-on simulation, which constrain the fire when there are feedback processes, were likely the cause of the smaller fire area. Last, areas of pine that burnt in the Split fire event favored crown fire spread, which is not represented in the current modeling framework of WRF-SFIRE.
Diurnal Off-Mountain Propagation of Rainfall and Low-Level Vertical Velocity over the Lee Side of the Yungui Plateau
Authors: Hu Xuelin , Li Jian , Chen Haoming , Yu Rucong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diurnal off-mountain propagation is a distinctive feature of rainfall over terrestrial areas, whereas the causes of this phenomenon are not well understood. Focused on the rainfall downstream of the Yungui Plateau (YGP), this study aims to examine whether the gravity waves stimulated by an assumed terrain-related thermal forcing could explain the feature. The results show that the rainfall diurnal phase propagates eastward at a speed of approximately 13 m s−1 over the lee side of YGP during warm seasons. The diurnal amplitude reaches its zonally maximum over the slope of the YGP and drops sharply downstream the terrain. The low-level vertical velocity exhibits similar diurnal characteristics. A linear model forced by a hollow heating is proposed to mimic the thermal forcing related to a mountain. Experiments with the model show that there are mainly two branches of waves around the terrain. One is over the upstream with upwind-tilting phase lines that move toward −z and −x directions. The other branch exists over the lee side of terrain with downwind-tilting phase lines that move toward −z and +x directions, which is considered to be relevant to the off-mountain propagation feature. The wave behavior over the YGP is then reproduced using the model. It is shown that the main features of the diurnal phase lag and the zonal amplitude distribution pattern of the low-level updraft could be captured by the model, suggesting an important role of the gravity wave in driving the diurnal propagation of vertical velocity and rainfall downstream large terrains.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to better understand why diurnal off-mountain rainfall propagation exists over the downstream of Yungui Plateau (YGP). This is important because the off-mountain rainfall propagation influences the rainfall events over the lee side of mountains and can further influence people’s lives therein. Inspired by previous studies on coastal rainfall, we proposed a simplified linear gravity wave model forced by a topography-related heating function. The results showed that the thermally forced gravity waves could reproduce the main features of the propagating phase and amplitude pattern of upward motion disturbance over the lee side of the YGP. Our results highlight the importance of gravity waves stimulated by topography-related heating on the diurnal propagation features over the downstream of mountains.
The Pico Balloon Archive: Establishing the First Super-Pressure Balloon Satellite Network for Atmospheric Research
Authors: McKinney Todd , Perlaky Nick , Mills Mason , Stevenson Darby , Crawford Alice , Brown Bill , Newchurch Michael J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present the Pico Balloon Archive (PBA), a specialized platform for archiving, visualizing, and verifying data from pico balloons—lightweight, super-pressure balloons capable of operating in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for durations ranging from weeks to years. With a latitudinal range from 88.77°S to 89.60°N and data collection ongoing since 2021, the PBA stands as the most spatially extensive repository for super-pressure balloons to date. It offers a centralized, user-friendly online portal (http://picoballoonarchive.org) for data access, featuring a summary of flight details, downloadable raw data, and individual flight visualizations. In this study, we validate the PBA’s wind speed and direction calculations against the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA), showing strong correlations (r2 = 0.66 and 0.78 for wind speed and direction, respectively). We also highlight the PBA’s effectiveness in charting global atmospheric circulation and the capacity of certain balloons to traverse hemispheres, a feat made possible by unique stratospheric dynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrate the PBA’s effectiveness in validating numerical weather prediction (NWP) Lagrangian trajectories, quantifying errors based on model initialization latitude. This continuously updated super-pressure balloon network is poised to significantly aid the atmospheric science community, facilitating a deeper understanding of global atmospheric processes.

Significance Statement
The first ever super-pressure balloon network is discussed and validated using radiosondes and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The Pico Balloon Archive (PBA) is positioned to offer worldwide data, facilitating cost-effective and high-reward atmospheric research for numerous users.
Fast-Track Score to Predict the Feasibility of Early Extubation Post Liver Transplant
Authors: El Moheb Mohamad , Sahli Zeyad T. , Rawashdeh Badi , Vargas Paola , Pelletier Shawn , Oberholzer Jose , Forkin Katherine T. , Thiele Eryn , Huffmyer Julie , Bogdonoff David , Collins Stephen , Kleiman Amanda , Goldaracena Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

Background Over the past several years, the liver transplant community has embraced the concept of fast-tracking patients to facilitate earlier postoperative recovery. Aim Derive and validate a novel “fast-track” risk score that captures the demographic and clinical characteristics of DDLT patients to predict the likelihood of early extubation after surgery. Design Adult patients who underwent non-fulminant DDLT between January 2014 and July 2019 were included. The cohort was divided in 2 groups: patients extubated within 4 hours of surgery vs extubated after 4 h. Logistic regression was performed to identify the independent predictors of early extubation. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to measure the ability of the risk score to predict early extubation. The score was validated by applying coefficients of the regression model to the validation cohort and calculating the AUC. Results A total of 290 DDLT patients were included, of which 175 (60%) were in the “delayed extubation” group and 115 (40%) were in the “fast-track” group. Patients with a MELD <29, transfused <4 units of pRBCs, and transfused <5 units of FFP during surgery were 2.30 times, 5.74 times, and 3.09 times more likely to be extubated early, respectively. A risk score with an integer point scale was derived and exhibited an AUC of .80. The proportion of patients who were extubated early increased from 2.78% at a score of 0 to 66.67% at a score of 4. Conclusions The proposed score provides a fast and easy method to help identify DDLT patients suitable for early extubation.
A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Brain Activation to Explain the Take-Over Failure in Conditionally Automated Driving
Authors: Yin Weiru , Chai Chen , Weng Shixuan , Shi Xiupeng 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate the causes of take-over failures in conditional automated driving with spatial-temporal analysis of brain zone activation. Background Take-over requires a human driver to resume the control of the vehicle when its automation system disengages. Existing studies have found that take-over failures occur frequently on some drivers, but the causes have not been thoroughly studied. Method In a driving simulator experiment, 40 drivers took over in critical freeway cut-in situations. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were collected before and during the take-over process to evaluate brain zone activation. Successful and failed take-overs were compared with changes in fNIRS data based on spatial-temporal comparisons and cluster analysis. Results The results suggested a significant difference in temporal brain activation between take-over failure and success conditions. Take-over failure conditions are mostly related to earlier and longer brain activation in most brain zones and repeated activation of the cognition brain zones. Drivers’ attention switches, steering, and braking patterns are also related to different brain zone activation orders. Conclusion The results indicate the need to reduce the mental workload caused by the sudden system disengagement to prevent take-over failure. Application Future research and implementation should focus on earlier warnings of upcoming hazards and driver education in dealing with sudden system disengagement.
Application of AI in the creation of discharge summaries in psychiatric clinics
Authors: Janota Bertrand , Janota Krzysztof 
Published: September 2024

Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI; ChatGPT 4.0) into medical workflows presents a great potential to enhance efficiency and quality. The use of artificial intelligence in the creation of discharge summaries seems particularly interesting and valid. The course of each hospitalization is described in the discharge summary, which is given to each patient and then to his general practitioner at the end of hospital treatment. An exploratory analysis of discharge summaries in psychiatric clinics underscores that these documents must fulfill diverse and specific requirements. Nevertheless, AI-generated discharge summaries offer the opportunity to optimize information transfer and alleviate the workload on physicians. Method The study evaluates the quality of discharge summaries produced by clinical staff and by an AI model (ChatGPT 4.0). The clinicians involved in writing of the discharge summaries were not informed about the study’s purpose or methodology. The completed summaries were subsequently assessed by four attending physicians using predefined criteria. These physicians were also blinded to the study’s objectives and were unaware of the individual authors of the summaries. The evaluation criteria included consistency, completeness, and comprehensibility. Additionally, the time required to prepare these summaries and its impact on overall quality were analyzed. Results The results of the study indicate that discharge summaries generated by AI are more efficient than discharge summaries prepared by clinic staff. The AI was particularly effective in terms of coherence and information structure. Conclusion Further research, training and development is needed to improve the accuracy and reliability of AI-generated discharge summaries.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Research, Policy and Practice Priorities to Increase Human Milk Feeding Rates in the United Kingdom
Authors: Burton Amy Elizabeth , Owen Alison , Taylor Jennifer , Lindsay-Wiles Isobel , Heyes Joanna , Cust Fiona , Page Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Background: Human milk feeding rates in the United Kingdom are a public health concern. Changes to United Kingdom policy and practice are needed to improve lactation support. These should be informed by those with lived experience of human milk feeding and those who provide support. Research Aim: The aim of this study was to identify research, policy, and practice priorities for increasing human milk feeding rates using insights from a wide range of stakeholders. A secondary aim was to evaluate the influence of a World Café on individual attendees and their interactions within the organizations and communities of which they are a part. Methods: The research employed a participatory qualitative design, incorporating a cross-sectional survey and World Café discussions. World Café is a novel approach to engaging stakeholders in discussion, resulting in consensus-building and participatory-driven recommendations. A pre-event survey was completed by a self-selected sample of 67 participants; 37 of these (55%) took part in World Café discussions or an online focus group. World Café discussions and the online focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Following the World Café, 12 participants (32%) completed a post-event survey, and eight (22%) completed an additional follow-up survey at 2 months. Results: Priority policy and practice changes were identified, including enhancing education, the need for dedicated funding for human milk feeding support, the need to include family within support provision, and the need to change policy regarding media representations of infant feeding. In addition, World Café methodology proved valuable for facilitating networking and instigating changes in relation to support. Conclusion: World Café generated stakeholder agreed-on priorities for research and policy. Many of the recommendations from historical policy and guidance continue to be areas for further development.
Predictability of Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio on the Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Cuc Thi Thu , Van Tran Nguyen Khanh , Huong Phung Thanh 
Published: September 2024

Objectives The associations between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with the responses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and the NLR/PLR predictive potential were evaluated via meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library databases until October 2021. The relationship between NLR/PLR and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated using pooled hazard ratios (HR). The relationship between NLR/PLR and overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) was assessed via pooled odds ratios (OR). Heterogeneity between studies, publication bias, subgroup and sensitivity analyses, trim and fill meta-analysis, and the contour-enhanced funnel plot were performed using the R software. Results A total of 44 (out of 875) studies met the eligibility criteria, providing a sample size of 4597 patients. Patients with a high NLR were statistically significantly associated with worse outcomes, including OS (pooled HR = 2.44; P < 0.001), PFS (pooled HR = 2.06; P < 0.001), DCR (pooled OR = 0.71; P < 0.001), and ORR (pooled OR = 0.33; P < 0.001). Similarly, a high PLR was associated with poorer outcomes in response to ICI drugs, including OS (pooled HR = 2.13; P < 0.001) and PFS (pooled HR = 1.61; P < 0.001). Conclusion High NLR and PLR were associated with a statistically significant reduction in the efficacy of ICI drugs in NSCLC patients. Thereby, it is possible to use NLR and PLR as potential and available biomarkers in the clinical practice to predict the outcome of ICI treatment in NSCLC patients.
In the Mind’s Eye: Exploring the Relationship Between Visual Mental Imagery and Stereotyping
Authors: Eisenstadt Benjamin E. , Spagna Alfredo , Stroessner Steven J. 
Published: September 2024

Academic Abstract How do social stereotypes shape and reflect images formed in the mind’s eye? Visual mental imagery has long been assumed crucial in creating, maintaining, and perpetuating stereotypes and prejudice. Surprisingly, research in social cognition has only recently begun to explore the causal role of mental images in these phenomena. In contrast, cognitive neuroscience research on visual mental imagery (VMI) has explored the pivotal role of imagery in various consequential cognitive and behavioral phenomena. However, cognitive neuroscience has largely neglected how stereotypes influence mental imagery. This article provides a historical overview of the development of these two fields in terms of mental imagery and discusses recent advances at their intersection. Opportunities for additional integration are highlighted, and suggestions for furthering the dual study of stereotyping and mental imagery are provided. Public Abstract How can social stereotypes impact and mirror visual imagination? It has long been assumed that visual mental imagery plays a central role in forming, maintaining, and strengthening stereotypes and prejudice. Yet, until recently, there has been limited exploration within social psychology and cognitive neuroscience on the explicit connection between visual mental images and social stereotypes. We describe the historical progression of these fields concerning visual imagery and explore recent advancements that unite stereotyping and mental imagery research. Furthermore, we propose avenues for future research to deepen our understanding of how individuals utilize mental images in stereotyping and how mental imagery can modify stereotypes.
“My Aim Is True”: An Attribution-Identity Model of Ally Sincerity
Authors: Moser Charlotte E. , Wiley Shaun 
Published: September 2024

Academic Abstract Advantaged group allies have multiple motives for supporting equality, raising questions about their sincerity. We draw upon the covariation model of attributions to explain how disadvantaged group members make attributions about whether advantaged group “allies” are sincerely motivated to empower the disadvantaged group. We propose an Attribution-Identity Model of Sincerity (AIMS) which posits that disadvantaged group members view advantaged group members as sincere allies when they support equality in the presence of inhibitory causes and in the absence of facilitative causes, exceed expectations for the advantaged group, and provide support across time and contexts. Furthermore, those who identify strongly with their disadvantaged group and perceive intergroup inequality as illegitimate are most motivated to ascertain the sincerity of advantaged group members’ allyship. AIMS suggests how members of disadvantaged groups seek to maximize benefits and minimize risks of advantaged group members’ allyship. Public Abstract Advantaged group members (e.g., men, White Americans) can act as allies for disadvantaged groups (e.g., women, Americans belonging to minoritized racial groups), but members of disadvantaged groups sometimes have reason to question whether their motives are sincere. We argue that members of disadvantaged groups view advantaged group allies as more sincere when they support equality when they do not stand to benefit from it and even when they stand to lose. We also argue that members of disadvantaged groups view advantaged group allies as more sincere when their support for equality goes beyond expectations for their advantaged group, consistently over time, and is not limited to particular situations, forms, or contexts. Members of disadvantaged groups like sincere allies, want to work with them, and feel safe around them. Sincere allies also serve as moral exemplars to other members of advantaged groups.