bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of corporate social responsibility on brand equity: consumer responses to two types of fit
Authors: Guzmán Francisco , Davis Donna 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
A significant stream of research investigates the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on firm performance and consumer response to CSR programs. However, how CSR initiatives help build brand equity remains relatively unexamined. This study aims to demonstrate how CSR influences brand equity in response to perceptions of two types of brand–cause fit.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyze two types of fit between a brand and a social cause (disaster relief): brand value–cause fit and brand function–cause fit. Structural equation modeling is used to estimate the fit of the data with the proposed model.

Findings
Survey evidence from 370 millennial undergraduate students in the USA suggests that the two types of brand–cause fit have differential effects on attitude toward the brand and ad, which in turn influence brand equity.

Research implications/limitations
The research operationalizes brand–cause fit as a construct with two components: brand value–cause fit and brand function–cause fit. It tests these two types of fit and finds evidence for differential effects on consumer attitudes.

Practical implications
The findings offer practical considerations for managers about the importance of considering two types of brand–cause fit in selecting social causes and crafting effective corporate communications about the firm’s CSR initiatives.

Originality/value
Results suggest that it is possible for firms to craft desirable win–win–win strategies that build brand equity by investing in a strategic approach to CSR initiatives.
Brand awareness: revisiting an old metric for a new world
Authors: Romaniuk Jenni , Wight Samuel , Faulkner Margaret 
Published: June 2017

PurposeBrand awareness is a pivotal, but often neglected, aspect of consumer-based brand equity. This paper revisits brand awareness measures in the context of global brand management.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the method of Laurentet al.(1995), this cross-sectional longitudinal study examines changes in brand awareness over time, with sample sizes of approximately 300 whisky consumers per wave in three countries: United Kingdom, Taiwan and Greece.FindingsThere is consistency in the underlying structure of awareness scores across countries, and over time, extending the work of Laurentet al.(1995). Results show that a relevant operationalisation of brand awareness needs to account for the history of the brand. Furthermore, the nature of the variation of brand awareness over time interacts with a brand’s market share.Research limitations/implicationsWhen modelling the impact of brand awareness researchers need to consider two factors – the brand’s market share and whether a more stable or volatile measure is sought. This avoids mis-specifying the country-level contribution of brand awareness.Practical implicationsGlobal brand managers should be wary of adopting a “one size fits all” approach. The choice of brand awareness measure depends on the brand’s market share, and the desire for higher sensitivity or stability.Originality/valueThe paper provides one of the few multi-country investigations into brand awareness that can help inform global brand management.
The future of student life: working
Authors: Swanson Jason 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
A research project exploring the emerging student needs explored six aspects of a student’s life: living, learning, working, playing, connecting and participating. The aspect of “working” is explored in this paper, considering how the spread of and advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation might reconfigure work, and asking what the implications of shifts in how we engage in and complete work mean for student needs. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the two scenarios about the working domain from the Student Needs 2025+ project and highlight implications for the future of higher education.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified version of the University of Houston’s “Framework Foresight” method was used to explore the future of six aspects of future student life.

Findings
Among the various findings of the research, the most important was the critical uncertainty as to what extent will AI, automation and general advancements in technology reshape work. These technologies are actively transforming how work is accomplished and how it is organized. Given the importance of work as a central organizing principle for many, this transition adds great uncertainty to the critical skills that students will need in the future, as well as calling into question how the other five research domains (learning, playing, connecting, participating and living) are organized. The research also found that students and those entering the workforce can expect increased levels of competition for steady work within a company. Based on the current trajectory of trends and changes, it will be increasingly challenging to climb a “career ladder”, and credentials will be even more important in terms of gaining entry into the employment market.

Research limitations/implications
In terms of research limitations, the paper is focused on the needs of students and does not purport to be an exhaustive analysis of all the issues influencing higher education. It views the future of higher education through the lens of students and their emerging needs.

Practical implications
The paper is intended for educators, researchers and administrators to provide insight on how the needs of students, their key customers, are evolving.

Originality/value
This research explores student life in its totality as way to more accurately identify student needs in the future.
Still armed after domestication? Impacts of domestication and agronomic selection on silicon defences in cereals
Authors: Simpson Kimberley J. , Wade Ruth N. , Rees Mark , Osborne Colin P. , Hartley Sue E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Plant phenotypes reflect trade‐offs between competing resource‐intensive physiological processes. A shift in resource allocation, away from anti‐herbivore defences and towards growth and reproduction, is predicted through plant domestication, such that crops are faster growing and higher yielding than their wild ancestors. These changes are hypothesized to have come at the cost of defence investment, leaving crops “disarmed by domestication”. Silicon is the principal anti‐herbivore defence in grasses, including many of our most important staple cereal crops, but the impact of domestication on silicon‐based defences is unknown.

We measured the effects of both domestication and modern agronomic selection on growth rate and a suite of anti‐herbivore defences, specifically leaf toughness, silicon and phenolic concentrations. Our comparison of wild, landrace and modern cultivated cereals spanned multiple cereal species, including wheat, barley and maize, sampling eight independent domestication events and five examples of modern agronomic selection.

Leaf silicon concentration showed a small, but significant, 10% reduction through domestication, but there was no effect of modern agronomic selection, and phenolic concentration was not affected by either factor. Silicon concentration correlated positively with leaf tensile strength, but negatively with foliar phenolic concentrations, suggesting a trade‐off between chemical and physical defences. Size‐standardized growth rate was independent of domestication status, and did not trade‐off with silicon or phenolic defences. However, modelling showed that relative growth rate slowed more with increasing size in plants with higher silicon levels, so that they reached a smaller final size, implying a cost of silicon‐based defence. We found the opposite pattern for phenolic‐based defence, with increasing phenolic concentrations associated with a greater plant size at maturity, and faster maximum relative growth rates.

Silicon‐based defences have been reduced in cereals through domestication, consistent with our predicted costs of these defences to growth. However, modern agronomic selection has not influenced silicon defences in cereal crops and the small decrease in silicon concentration associated with domestication is unlikely to have a major effect on the ability of cereals to withstand a range of abiotic and biotic stresses. These findings have broad implications for crop protection and our understanding of plant trade‐offs.

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Medicaid Expansions and Cervical Cancer Screening for Low‐Income Women
Authors: Sabik Lindsay M. , Tarazi Wafa W. , Hochhalter Stephanie , Dahman Bassam , Bradley Cathy J. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveMedicaid coverage for low‐income women may play an important role in ensuring access to preventive care. This study examines how Medicaid eligibility expansions to nonelderly adults impact cervical cancer screening among low‐income women.Data SourcesWe use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2000 to 2010. The primary outcome of interest is whether women in the relevant guideline consistent age range reported having a Pap test in the previous year.Study DesignWe use a difference‐in‐differences approach with matched treatment and comparison states and a simulated eligibility approach based on a continuous measure of Medicaid generosity.Principal FindingsOur results indicate that cervical cancer screening increased among low‐income women in expansion states relative to comparison states. Increases in screening rates are largest among low‐income Hispanic women.ConclusionsMedicaid expansions during the period from 2000 to 2010 were associated with improved cervical cancer screening rates, which is critical for early cervical cancer detection and prevention of cancer morbidity and mortality in women. The results suggest that more widespread Medicaid expansions may have positive effects on preventive health care for women.
Potential role of microbial pathogens in control of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) ‐ A Review
Authors: Yasin Muhammad , Wakil Waqas , El‐Shafie Hamadttu A.F. , Bedford Geoffrey O. , Miller Thomas A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe invasive Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of ornamental and economically important palms globally. It has been found in 50 % of date‐growing and 15 % of coconut‐producing countries in the world. Synthetic organic insecticides have been the default method to combat this pest, but they are clearly inefficient due to the secretive nature of the insect and there is concern about non‐target effects from blanket spraying. For this reason, there is increasing interest in biological control methods such as the possible use of microbial entomopathogens, which might be incorporated into IPM approaches. In this review we summarize research work on microbial control agents, their effectiveness against RPW and their integration with other control measures.
Recent advances and prospects in Prunus virology
Authors: Rubio M. , Martínez‐Gómez P. , Marais A. , Sánchez‐Navarro J.A. , Pallás V. , Candresse T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe stone fruit genus Prunus, within the family Rosaceae, comprises more than 230 species, some of which have great importance or value as ornamental or fruit crops. Prunus are affected by numerous viruses and viroids linked to the vegetative propagation practices in many of the cultivated species. To date, 44 viruses and three viroids have been described in the 9 main cultivated Prunus species. Seven of these viruses and one viroid have been identified in Prunus hosts within the last 5 years. This work addresses recent advances and prospects in the study of viruses and viroids affecting Prunus species, mostly concerning the detection and characterisation of the agents involved, pathogenesis analysis and the search for new control tools. New sequencing technologies are quickly reshaping the way we can identify and characterise new plant viruses and isolates. Specific efforts aimed at virus identification or data mining of high‐throughput sequencing data generated for plant genomics‐oriented purposes can efficiently reveal the presence of known or novel viruses. These technologies have also been used to gain a deeper knowledge of the pathogenesis mechanisms at the gene and miRNA expression level that underlie the interactions between Prunus spp. and their main viruses and viroids. New biotechnological control tools include the transfer of resistance by grafting, the use of new sources of resistance and the development of gene silencing strategies using genetic transformation. In addition, the application of next generation sequencing and genome editing techniques will contribute to improving our knowledge of virus–host interactions and the mechanisms of resistance. This should be of great interest in the search to obtain new Prunus cultivars capable of dealing both with known viruses and viroids and with those that are yet to be discovered in the uncertain scenario of climate change.
Characterizing levator‐ani muscle stiffness pre‐ and post‐childbirth in European and Polynesian women in New Zealand: a pilot study
Authors: Kruger Jennifer A. , Budgett Stephanie C. , Wong Vivien , Nielsen Poul M.F. , Nash Martyn P. , Smalldridge Jackie , Hayward Lynsey M. , Tian Tania Y. , Taberner Andrew J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe influence of levator‐ani muscles on second‐stage labor is poorly understood. The ability of these muscles to stretch without damage may affect birth outcomes, but little is known about material properties, effects of pregnancy and/or ethnicity on levator‐ani stiffness. There are strong associations between muscle damage and subsequent pelvic floor disorders. This study aimed to quantify levator‐ani muscle stiffness during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum in European and Polynesian women. Associations between stiffness, obstetric variables, and the risk of intrapartum levator‐ani injury (avulsion) were investigated.Material and methodsThis was a prospective observational pilot study. A total of 167 (106 European and 61 Polynesian) nulliparous women were recruited antenatally; 129 returned postnatally. Participants were assessed between 36 and 38 weeks' gestation and three to five months postpartum. Assessments included pelvic floor ultrasound, elastometry testing, and validated questionnaires on pelvic floor function. Logistic regression, Student t‐, Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney tests were used as appropriate.ResultsThere are significant differences between antenatal and postnatal muscle stiffness measurements (p < 0.01). Stiffness was significantly higher in the European cohort (p = 0.03). There were more avulsion injuries in European (20%) than in Polynesian (9%) women. There were no significant differences in antenatal stiffness between women with and without avulsion, but change in stiffness (antenatal to postnatal) was significantly less in the avulsion group. There were no associations between stiffness, and other obstetric variables, epidural anesthesia seemed protective (p = 0.03).ConclusionsQuantification of levator‐ani muscle stiffness is feasible. Muscle stiffness is significantly different before and after birth.
Swedish population‐based study of pupils showed that foster children faced increased risks for ill health, negative lifestyles and school failure
Authors: Engh Lisbet , Janson Staffan , Svensson Birgitta , Bornehag Carl‐Gustaf , Eriksson Ulla‐Britt 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis population‐based study explored whether foster children faced a higher risk of health problems than children of the same age who were not in foster care.MethodsData for 13 739 pupils aged 10, 13 and 16 years were obtained from the Pupil Health Database in the county of Värmland, Sweden, for the school years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. These included data on school performance, health, lifestyle and social relationships, based on children's interviews with school nurses.ResultsOf all the pupils, 171 (1.2%) were in foster care. Children in foster care were generally unhealthier than other children. Both girls and boys were at higher risk of chronic health problems, daily smoking, use of drugs and school failure. When the girls in foster care were compared to other girls, we found that they faced a higher risk of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. This difference was not found for boys. Foster children were also more likely to express a more negative view on life.ConclusionWe confirmed earlier studies that children in foster care tended to have inferior health and well‐being than other children. These findings emphasise that health, risky behaviour and school performance should be considered together when assessing foster children.
ADAM, a hands‐on patient simulator for teaching principles of drug disposition and compartmental pharmacokinetics
Authors: Zuna Ines , Holt Andrew 
Published: June 2017

AimsTo design, construct and validate a pharmacokinetics simulator that offers students hands‐on opportunities to participate in the design, administration and analysis of oral and intravenous dosing regimens.MethodsThe Alberta Drug Administration Modeller (ADAM) is a mechanical patient in which peristaltic circulation of water through a network of silicone tubing and glass bottles creates a representation of the outcomes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Changing peristaltic pump rates and volumes in bottles allows values for pharmacokinetic constants to be varied, thereby simulating differences in drug properties and in patient physiologies and pathologies. Following administration of methylene blue dye by oral or intravenous routes, plasma and/or urine samples are collected and drug concentrations are determined spectrophotometrically. The effectiveness of the simulator in enhancing student competence and confidence was assessed in two undergraduate laboratory classes.ResultsThe simulator effectively models one‐ and two‐compartment drug behaviour in a mathematically‐robust and realistic manner. Data allow calculation of numerous pharmacokinetic constants, by traditional graphing methods or with curve‐fitting software. Students' competence in solving pharmacokinetic problems involving calculations and graphing improved significantly, while an increase in confidence and understanding was reported.ConclusionsThe ADAM is relatively inexpensive and straightforward to construct, and offers a realistic, hands‐on pharmacokinetics learning opportunity for students that effectively complements didactic lectures.
A CLOSED‐FORM SOLUTION FOR DETERMINING THE BURDEN OF PUBLIC DEBT IN NEOCLASSICAL GROWTH MODELS
Authors: Dedák István , Dombi Ákos 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a new approach, termed as the stock approach, to calculate the steady‐state output loss caused by public debt in neoclassical growth models. The novelty of our stock approach is that it provides a closed‐form solution to the steady‐state output‐debt relationship. The main conclusion of the paper is that the steady‐state burden of public debt is country‐specific in neoclassical growth models and it decreases with the private saving rate and increases with the population growth rate, with the exception of the special case where Ricardian equivalence holds.
Participation of children on the autism spectrum in home, school, and community
Authors: Simpson K. , Keen D. , Adams D. , Alston‐Knox C. , Roberts J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildren on the autism spectrum participate less frequently, and in a narrower range of activities, than their nonautistic peers, but little is known about exact participation patterns across contexts or how this is perceived by caregivers. This study aimed to document patterns of participation and caregiver views with regard to frequency and intensity of activities.MethodCaregivers of children on the spectrum aged 5 (n = 90) and 9–10 years (n = 128) completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth for home, school, and community. Caregivers reported on frequency of child's participation, level of involvement, and caregivers' desire for change in participation patterns.ResultsItem‐level analyses revealed similar patterns of participation across home, school, and community for both cohorts with some small age‐appropriate differences. Caregivers generally desired increased diversity, frequency, and involvement in activities but a decreased use of electronics (computers, games, TV, and DVDs).ConclusionThe possibility of autism‐specific participation patterns could inform future interventions aimed at enhancing social inclusion. This warrants further investigation through multiinformant designs that seek the perspectives of the child and caregivers.
The P2X7 receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue G reduces serum human interferon-γ in a humanized mouse model of graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Geraghty N J , Belfiore L , Ly D , Adhikary S R , Fuller S J , Varikatt W , Sanderson-Smith M L , Sluyter V , Alexander S I , Sluyter R , Watson D 
Published: June 2017

SummaryGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major problem after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a curative therapy for haematological malignancies. Previous studies have demonstrated a role for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X7 receptor channel in allogeneic mouse models of GVHD. In this study, injection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunodeficient non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency-interleukin (NOD-SCID-IL)-2Rγnull (NSG) mice established a humanized mouse model of GVHD. This model was used to study the effect of P2X7 blockade in this disease. From five weeks post-PBMC injection, humanized mice exhibited clinical signs and histopathology characteristic of GVHD. The P2X7 antagonist, Brilliant Blue G (BBG), blocked ATP-induced cation uptake into both murine and human cells in vitro. Injection of BBG (50 mg/kg) into NSG mice did not affect engraftment of human leucocytes (predominantly T cells), or the clinical score and survival of mice. In contrast, BBG injection reduced circulating human interferon (IFN)-γ significantly, which was produced by human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. BBG also reduced human T cell infiltration and apoptosis in target organs of GVHD. In conclusion, the P2X7 antagonist BBG reduced circulating IFN-γ in a humanized mouse model of GVHD supporting a potential role for P2X7 to alter the pathology of this disease in humans.