bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxin Receptors in the Human Female Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Dragoo Jason L. , Lee Richard S. , Benhaim Prosper , Finerman Gerald A. M. , Hame Sharon L. 
Published: July 2017

Background Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries occur two to eight times more often in women than in men. Changes in ligament laxity and strength have been associated with female hormones such as relaxin. Hypothesis Relaxin receptors are present within the female anterior cruciate ligament. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Remnants of anterior cruciate ligament were harvested from five women and five men undergoing routine ligament reconstruction. Relaxin was biotinylated and analyzed for biologic activity with use of the mouse interpubic ligament bioassay. Immunohistochemical localization of relaxin receptors was performed with appropriate negative controls and competitive binding assays to determine receptor specificity and saturability. Results Anterior cruciate ligament sections from women but not from men showed uniform specific binding that was limited to synovial lining cells, stromal fibroblasts, and cells lining blood vessels. Specific binding was confirmed in the presence of a 2000-fold excess of human insulin, the structural homolog of relaxin, and competitive inhibition was demonstrated in the presence of a 2000-fold excess of unlabeled relaxin. Conclusions Relaxin exhibits specific saturable binding in the female anterior cruciate ligament, where specific relaxin receptors were present. Clinical Relevance The high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in female athletes may be partially explained by the effects of relaxin.
Back Pain in Former Intercollegiate Rowers
Authors: Teitz Carol C. , O'Kane John W. , Lind Bonnie K. 
Published: July 2017

Background Research has shown that 32% of intercollegiate rowers develop back pain during their college career. Hypothesis Rowers who develop back pain in college are more likely than the general population to have back pain later in life. Study Design Survey. Methods Surveys from 1561 former intercollegiate rowing athletes were analyzed. Subjects who completed the surveys had graduated from college at a mean and median of 13 years previously, with a range of 0 to 20 years between graduation and completion of the survey. The survey was designed to determine the presence of back pain and its severity before, during, and after intercollegiate rowing. Back pain was defined as pain that lasted at least 1 week. Results Age was a significant predictor of back pain after college. Nevertheless, the lifetime prevalence of back pain in former intercollegiate rowers was no different from that of the general population (51.4% versus 60% to 80%). However, rowers who developed back pain in college had more subsequent back pain than rowers who were asymptomatic in college (78.9% versus 37.9%). Rowers who were asymptomatic in college had significantly lower rates of back pain as they aged than did the general population. The mean severity of current back pain was 3.5 ± 1.9 on a scale of 1 to 10. Conclusions Intercollegiate rowers are no more likely than the general population to have back pain later in life.
Effects of Bone Block Position and Orientation within the Tibial Tunnel for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Reconstructions
Authors: Markolf Keith , Davies Mark , Zoric Bojan , McAllister David 
Published: July 2017

Background Posterior laxity occurring after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a tibial tunnel could be related to thinning and permanent elongation of the graft as it is cyclically loaded in vivo. Hypothesis The orientation and position of the bone block within the tibial tunnel will have a significant effect on thinning and elongation of the graft after cyclic loading. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In test series 1 (27 fresh-frozen graft pairs), all bone blocks were positioned flush with the posterior opening of the tibial tunnel; 1 graft was oriented with the bone block facing posteriorly, whereas its pair was tested with the bone block facing anteriorly. In test series 2 (20 graft pairs), all grafts were oriented with the bone block facing posteriorly; 1 graft had the bone block positioned flush with the posterior tunnel opening, whereas its pair was tested with the bone block recessed 1 cm from the posterior opening. Results In series 1, 3 of 27 grafts with posterior bone block orientations failed at the tunnel edge before 2000 cycles of testing could be completed; all specimens with anterior bone block placements survived the testing intact. In series 2, 3 of 20 grafts with recessed bone blocks failed at the tunnel edge, whereas all those with flush bone blocks survived. Conclusions The best position for the bone block of a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was flush with the posterior tunnel opening with the bone block facing anteriorly in the tibial tunnel.
Early Weightbearing and Ankle Mobilization after Open Repair of Acute Midsubstance Tears of the Achilles Tendon
Authors: Maffulli Nicola , Tallon Cheryl , Wong Jason , Peng Lim Kim , Bleakney Robert 
Published: July 2017

Purpose To study the effects of early weightbearing and ankle mobilization after acute repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Study Design Comparative longitudinal study. Methods Patients in group 1 were postoperatively immobilized with their ankle in gravity equinus, they were encouraged to bear weight on the operated limb as soon as possible to full weightbearing, and they received a single cast change at 2 weeks, with the ankle accommodated in an anterior splint in a plantigrade position, allowing the ankle to be plantar flexed fully but not dorsiflexed above neutral. Patients in group 2 were immobilized with their ankle in full equinus with a cast change at 2 weeks, when the ankle was immobilized in mid equinus, and at 4 weeks, when the ankle was immobilized in a plantigrade position, and they were advised to bear weight. Results Patients in group 1 attended fewer outpatient visits, completely discarded their crutches at an average of 2.5 weeks, and more were satisfied with the results of surgery. At ultrasonography, the average thickness of the repaired tendon was 12.1 mm, with no difference in the thickness of the ruptured tendon regardless of postoperative management. There was no significant difference in isometric strength between the two groups. Conclusions Early weightbearing with the ankle plantigrade is not detrimental to the outcome of repair after acute rupture of the Achilles tendon and shortens the time needed for rehabilitation. However, strength deficit and muscle atrophy are not prevented.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Asymptomatic Shoulder of Overhead Athletes
Authors: Connor Patrick M. , Banks David M. , Tyson Alan B. , Coumas James S. , D'Alessandro Donald F. 
Published: July 2017

Background Although several studies have described magnetic resonance imaging findings in shoulders of asymptomatic volunteers, no such investigation has been performed on asymptomatic dominant and nondominant shoulders of elite overhead athletes. Hypothesis Asymptomatic dominant shoulders of elite overhead athletes may have a higher incidence of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities than either their nondominant shoulder or shoulders of asymptomatic volunteers. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Detailed magnetic resonance imaging scans of asymptomatic dominant and nondominant shoulders of elite overhead athletes were obtained. Three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists interpreted each scan for multiple variables, including rotator cuff appearance. Images from a surgical control group were intermixed to assess accuracy and control for observer bias. A 5-year follow-up interview was performed to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities found in the initial stage of the study represented truly clinical false-positive findings or symptomatic shoulders in evolution. Results Eight of 20 (40%) dominant shoulders had findings consistent with partial- or full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff as compared with none (0%) of the nondominant shoulders. Five of 20 (25%) dominant shoulders had magnetic resonance imaging evidence of Bennett's lesions compared with none (0%) of the nondominant shoulders. None of the athletes interviewed 5 years later had any subjective symptoms or had required any evaluation or treatment for shoulder-related problems during the study period. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging alone should not be used as a basis for operative intervention in this patient population.
Effect of a Prophylactic Brace on Wrist and Ulnocarpal Joint Biomechanics in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Grant-Ford Marsha , Sitler Michael R. , Kozin Scott H. , Barbe Mary F. , Barr Ann E. 
Published: July 2017

Background Wrist pain from repetitive dorsiflexion and compression during pommel horse exercises is common among male gymnasts. Purpose To determine the biomechanical effects of a prophylactic wrist brace on the wrist and ulnocarpal joints during mechanical loading in a cadaveric model. Hypothesis The lateral wedge of the palmar pad of the brace will compensate for positive ulnar variance, distributing contact forces more evenly across the radioulnar carpal joint. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Six male and six female fixed cadaveric forearm-wrist specimens were subjected to a 32.13-kg compressive load applied through the long axis of the pronated forearm with a dorsiflexed wrist in contact with a support surface. Wrist joint dorsiflexion angle and ulnocarpal joint intraarticular peak pressure were assessed under three brace conditions: Ezy ProBrace with and without palmar pad and a nonbraced control. Results Wrist joint dorsiflexion angle was significantly reduced by the Ezy ProBrace with and without the palmar pad. However, ulnocarpal joint intraarticular peak pressure was reduced only by the brace with pad. Conclusion Prevention of pathologic wrist changes requires intervention in pressure attenuation, which was achieved with the Ezy ProBrace with palmar pad. Clinical Relevance This brace may decrease the cumulative effects of repetitive stress of pommel horse exercise training.
Osteochondritis Dissecans: Wilson's Sign Revisited
Authors: Conrad Jeffrey M. , Stanitski Carl L. 
Published: July 2017

Background In 1967, Wilson described a clinical sign that he thought was diagnostic of medial femoral osteochondritis dissecans. He postulated that impingement of the tibial eminence on the osteochondritic lesion caused pain and a resultant compensatory lateral rotation during gait. He described reproducing the pain by internally rotating the patient's tibia during knee extension between 90° and 30° of flexion and then relieving that pain by externally rotating the tibia. He correlated healing of the lesion with conversion of the sign from positive to negative. Purpose To assess the validity of Wilson's assertions. Study Design Retrospective clinical and radiographic case analysis. Methods Case records from 17 juvenile patients (ages 9 to 12) and 15 adolescent patients (ages 13 to 17) with medial femoral osteochondritis dissecans were reviewed for the presence or absence of Wilson's sign at initial and subsequent visits. Results: Of the 32 patients, 24 (75%) with radiographically evident osteochondritis dissecans at the initial visit had negative signs. The remaining eight patients with positive signs had conversion of the sign to negative with lesion resolution. Conclusions In this series, Wilson's sign was of minimal clinical diagnostic value. When positive, the sign is useful as a clinical monitor during treatment.
Capgras Syndrome: A Review of the Neurophysiological Correlates and Presenting Clinical Features in Cases Involving Physical Violence
Authors: Bourget Dominique , Whitehurst Laurie 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Acts of violence have been frequently reported in cases of Capgras syndrome (CS), a misidentification syndrome characterized by the delusional belief that imposters have replaced people familiar to the individual. CS has been observed in many neuropsychiatric and organic disorders, and neuroimaging studies indicate an association between CS and right hemisphere abnormalities. However, CS has received limited attention from a forensic psychiatric perspective. We propose that elucidating demographic and clinical features noted in cases of violence secondary to CS may highlight important factors in the progression of CS to violence. Method: We review the neurophysiological correlates and clinical factors observed in CS and present characteristics of a series of cases that demonstrate the potential of CS patients for severe physical violence toward the misidentified person. Results: For patients with CS involving assault, we present and discuss commonly reported demographic and clinical features that may contribute to an increased risk for violence. Conclusions: An understanding of the presenting clinical features of CS resulting in aggressive acts may assist clinicians to assess the potential for violence in these patients.
Characterizing Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Chronic Schizophrenia: High Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Cohn Tony , Prud'homme Denis , Streiner David , Kameh Homa , Remington Gary 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Method: We compared individual CHD risk factors and Framingham risk predictions in a group of 240 patients with a large national sample (Canadian Heart Health Survey) matched for age and sex. In addition, we compared rates of the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) with recently published rates in the US adult population. Results: Compared with the reference population, Framingham 10-year risk of myocardial infarction was greater in the male patients ( t3091 = 4.35, P < 0.001) but not in the female patients. Prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome in the patients (42.6% of men and 48.5% of women) were approximately 2 times published rates in the US adult population. Further, the syndrome appears to occur at a younger age than in the general population. Conclusions: These long-term patients have increased CHD risks best captured by the metabolic syndrome conceptualization coupled with a high rate of cigarette smoking. This characterization is consistent with increased cardiovascular morbidity and decreased life expectancy in both men and women. We underscore the importance of both screening for and treating potentially reversible CHD risk factors in schizophrenia patients.
Frequency of Mental Health Disorders in a Sample of Elementary School Students Receiving Special Educational Services for Behavioural Difficulties
Authors: Déry Michèle , Toupin Jean , Pauzé Robert , Verlaan Pierrette 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Despite being essential for defining and planning special educational services, very few data are available in Quebec regarding the nature and extent of behavioural difficulties presented by children who receive special educational services at school. This study provides a picture of the frequency of disruptive behaviour disorders (that is, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], and conduct disorder [CD]) and internalized disorders (including generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] and major depressive episode [MDE]) in a sample of elementary school students receiving special educational services for behavioural difficulties ( n = 324). Method: In this descriptive study, we established the presence of mental health disorders according to teacher-, parent-, and child-reported data that were obtained using structured diagnostic interviews based on DSM-IV criteria. We also examined prevalence rates by sex and age group. Results: Three-quarters of the students met the criteria for ADHD, one-half for ODD, and one-third for CD. About 14% of the students presented with a GAD or met the criteria for an MDE in the past year. Only 2% of the students presented with an internalized disorder without a comorbid disruptive behaviour disorder. Conclusions: Our results suggest that among students receiving special educational services for behavioural difficulties, a large proportion may have difficulties severe enough to meet the criteria for at least one DSM-IV disruptive behaviour disorder. Such findings may underscore the need to develop more collaboration between the mental health and education sectors in rehabilitating these children.
Anxiety Comorbidity and Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder Patients
Authors: Kauer-Sant'Anna Márcia , Frey Benício N , Andreazza Ana C , Ceresér Keila M , Gazalle Fernando K , Tramontina Juliana , da Costa Sabrina Correa , Santin Aida , Kapczinski Flávio 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To assess the impact of anxiety comorbidity on the quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: We undertook a cross-Sectional survey of 162 BD outpatients interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The primary outcome measure was quality of life, assessed with the 26-item WHO Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Anxiety comorbidity in BD patients was associated with lower scores in all domains of quality of life. The impact of anxiety comorbidity on the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF was kept, even when the current level of depression was added to the model as a confounding factor. Current anxiety comorbidity was also associated with lifetime alcohol abuse and dependence, rapid cycling, lifetime psychosis, number of suicide attempts, and a lower score in the Global Assessment of Functioning measure. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that anxiety comorbidity in BD patients is related to lower quality of life, particularly on the psychological domain. BD–anxiety comorbidity may be associated with such markers of illness severity as number of suicide attempts, rapid cycling, lifetime alcohol abuse, and psychosis. The recognition and treatment of anxiety comorbidity may help patients with BD to relieve their psychological pain and improve their overall quality of life.
Military Intervention in Politics: Contrasting Cases of Pakistan and India
Authors: Kukereja Veena 
Published: July 2017

It is interesting to note that, although the Pakistani and Indian political systems share many common features relating to history, military organization and an overall areal culture, the two systems have displayed contrasting patterns of civil-military relations. The armies of both the countries inherited the British Indian military traditions of non-involvement in politics, but in Pakistan the Army eroded this tradition by intervening decisively and frequently whereas in India, the principle of civilian supremacy remains intact. Their post-independence development, composition, and relationship with the civilian authority has been markedly different. This had a direct bearing upon the divergent roles of the armies of the two countries. Given the variety of hypotheses that have been suggested as explanations for the contrasting behaviour of the two successor armies of British India, this article would examine several variables and relationships in comparative perspective under two sets of theoretical explanatory variables that are too often kept separate. These are: 1 the internal features of the military establishment1 and 2 the external or environmental variables.2
Nehru and the New Commonwealth
Authors: Prasad Bimal 
Published: July 2017

Nehru's contribution to the emergence of the new, multiracial, multinational Commonwealth is now beyond dispute. But for India's decision to remain in the Commonwealth in 1949, for which he had been primarily responsible, the Commonwealth must of course have continued, but with a limited membership confined largely to the Anglo-Saxon group of nations. It was India's example which paved the way for all parts of the British Empire emerging into freedom automatically taking their place in the Commonwealth, thereby continuously enlarging its membership and adding to its significance. Professor Nicholas Mansergh, the leading authority on Commonwealth history, succinctly sums up Nehru's contribution on the emergence of the new Commonwealth. But for him, India almost certainly would not have become the first republic member-state of the Commonwealth and, but for Indian membership almost certainly nationalists elsewhere in Asia and, still more in Africa, would not in their turn have opted also for membership. In the consequent addition of anti-imperialist Asian and African states to a Commonwealth which had grown out of an Empire, by procedures that became so conventional as to cease to cause remark, an idea achieved its most spectacular triumph. Not Smuts, not Mackenzie King, but Nehru was the architect of that achievement.1 The impact of Nehru's decision was not confined to merely augmenting the size and nature of the membership of the Commonwealth but, even more significantly, on its character and outlook. Though still recognising the British monarch as the symbol of its free association and as such its head, it was no longer bound together by common loyalty to the British Crown, but by that to certain common ideals. Thus from being, a club of white, Anglo-Saxon nations and a bulwark of British imperialism in various parts of the world the Commonwealth was transformed into a multiracial and multinational grouping of nations working for the promotion of peace freedom and racial equality in the world.2
NEO-Colonisation of Africa and the OAU
Authors: Johnson Segun 
Published: July 2017

The early part of the sixties witnessed a rapid decolonization of several parts of Africa even though many have argued that these were mere placations otherwise referred to as flag independence. The seventies and thereafter have witnessed the re-colonisation of African States or in proper terms, the neo-colonisation of Africa by Western Powers. That African States since their qualified independence have been in bondage was never in doubt. Subtly but seriously, the Western Powers through its hydraheaded multinational corporations, in conjuction with international institutions and conventions, have taken over the affairs of African States ranging from politics through economics to culture. While these were going on, the Organization of African Unity stood aloof concerned with nothing in particular or perhaps helpless or on another note used as a tool by Western imperialism. It is the contention of this paper that Africa was neo-colonized by Western Powers mainly because there was no collective resistance that should have been envisaged and given by the Organization for African Unity. The formation, structure, financing and the objectives of OAU at the outset were inadequate to foresee and attack Western surreptitious moves to further imperialism in the seventies and beyond. Consequently, the OAU not only folded its arms while Western perpetrators went away with their imperialistic loot but was also consciously or unconsciously, directly or indirecly, covertly or overtly used in the course of the neocolonisation of African States.
A Selected Bibliography from European Journals
Authors:   Assisted, Haiderer F. , Fenkart E. , Alisky Marvin 
Published: July 2017

During the last quarter of the year the new London daily, the Recorder, appeared in the streets. In content and form it does not differ much from other London newspapers. According to latest reports the Recorder is still losing money. The British government issued a “White Paper” on commercial TV. It was favorably received by the House of Commons. In Germany, government plans for a ministry of information caused great alarm in the press and among political parties. Memories of Nazi information ministries were still fresh. The plan was abandoned.