bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostischer Wert der Fläche und Dichte von Lymphgefäßen bei kutanem Plattenepithelkarzinom
Authors: Krediet Jorien Tannette , Kanitakis Jean , Bob Adrienne , Schmitter Julia , Carine Krediet Annelot , Röwert Joachim , Stockfleth Eggert , Painsi Clemens , Hügel Rainer , Terhorst Dorothea , Lange‐Asschenfeldt Bernhard 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleKutane Plattenepithelkarzinome (SCC) sind bekannt für ihre Fähigkeit, über Lymphgefäße zu metastasieren. In neueren Studien wird das Ausmaß der Lymphangiogenese als möglicher prognostischer Faktor bei einigen Hauttumoren genannt. Ziel dieser Studie war die Quantifizierung der Lymphangiogenese bei SCC entweder durch computergestützte Bildanalyse oder mithilfe der Zählmethode nach Chalkley. Gefäßparameter wurden im Hinblick auf ihre Vorhersagekraft für die Bildung von Tumormetastasen beurteilt und verglichen.Patienten und MethodenIn dieser Fallkontrollstudie wurden die klinischen und histologischen Daten von jeweils 15 SCC‐Patienten mit bzw. ohne Metastasen retrospektiv analysiert. In den SCC‐Proben wurde der für das Lymphendothel spezifische Marker D2‐40 und der pan‐vaskuläre Marker CD31 immunhistochemisch angefärbt und durch computergestützte morphometrische Bildanalyse in Hotspots sowie mithilfe der digitalisierten Zählmethode nach Chalkley analysiert.ErgebnisseDie Dichte von Lymphgefäßen, die relative Lymphgefäßfläche und die mit der Chalkley‐Methode ermittelte Zahl an Lymphgefäßen (Chalkley‐Count) waren bei metastasierten SCC signifikant erhöht. Die Tumordicke war bei metastasierten SCC signifikant höher und besaß die höchste Vorhersagekraft für eine Metastasierung. Die Tumordicke war ein signifikanter Prädiktor für Lymphangiogeneseparameter.SchlussfolgerungenDie Lymphangiogenese ist bei metastasierten SCC erhöht, doch ihr Ausmaß wird von der Tumordicke beeinflusst. Die Tumordicke bildet weiterhin den zuverlässigsten prädiktiven Faktor für die Metastasierung.
Kompressionstherapie bei Patienten mit Ulcus cruris venosum
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Assenheimer Bernd , Bültemann Anke , Gerber Veronika , Gretener Silvia , Kohler‐von Siebenthal Elisabeth , Koller Sonja , Kröger Knut , Kurz Peter , Läuchli Severin , Münter Christian , Panfil Eva‐Maria , Probst Sebastian , Protz Kerstin , Riepe Gunnar , Strohal Robert , Traber Jürg , Partsch Hugo 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungWund‐D.A.CH. ist der Dachverband deutschsprachiger Fachgesellschaften, die sich mit den Thematiken der Wundbehandlung beschäftigen. Experten verschiedener Fachgesellschaften aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz haben nun einen aktuellen Konsens der Kompressionstherapie für Patienten mit Ulcus cruris venosum erstellt.In Europa ist das Ulcus cruris venosum eine der häufigsten Ursachen für chronische Wunden. Neben der konservativen und interventionellen Wund‐ und Venentherapie, ist die Kompressionstherapie die Basis der Behandlungsstrategien. Die Kompressionstherapie kann heute mit sehr unterschiedlichen Materialien und Systemen durchgeführt werden. Während in der Entstauungsphase insbesondere Verbände mit Kurzzugbinden oder Mehrkomponentensysteme zur Anwendung kommen, sind es anschließend überwiegend Ulkus‐Strumpfsysteme. Eine weitere, bislang wenig verbreitete Alternative sind adaptive Kompressionsbandagen. Insbesondere für die Rezidivprophylaxe werden medizinische Kompressionsstrümpfe empfohlen. Durch die Vielzahl der heute zur Verfügung stehenden Behandlungsoptionen, kann für nahezu alle Patienten ein Konzept entwickelt werden, dass sich an den individuellen Bedürfnissen und Fähigkeiten orientiert und daher auch akzeptiert und durchgeführt wird.Die Kompressionstherapie ist für die Behandlung von Patienten mit Ulcus cruris venosum essentiell. In den letzten Jahren sind viele verschiedene Therapieoptionen verfügbar, die in den deutschsprachigen Ländern unterschiedlich angewendet oder durchgeführt werden. Daher soll dieser Expertenkonsens dazu beitragen, konkrete Empfehlungen für die praktische Durchführung der Kompressionstherapie von Patienten mit Ulcus cruris venosum darzustellen.
„Drug‐Survival“‐Raten und Gründe für den Abbruch von Systemtherapien bei Psoriasis
Authors: Arnold Tobias , Schaarschmidt Marthe‐Lisa , Herr Raphael , Fischer Joachim E. , Goerdt Sergij , Peitsch Wiebke K. 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleMittelschwere bis schwere Psoriasis erfordert häufig eine langfristige systemische Behandlung. Die Therapietreue bezüglich eines Medika‐ments (Überlebensrate, „Drug Survival“) reflektiert dessen Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit sowie die Zufriedenheit mit der Behandlung und ist ein Indikator für den Therapieerfolg. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie was die Ermittlung der „Drug‐Survival“‐Raten sowie der Gründe für den Abbruch einer Behandlung mit Fumarsäureestern (fumaric acid esters, FAE), Methotrexat (MTX), Acitretin (ACI), Cyclosporin A (CyA), Adalimumab (ADA), Etanercept (ETA), Infliximab (INF) und Ustekinumab (UST) bei Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Psoriasis.Patienten und MethodenWir führten eine retrospektive Analyse an 373 Patienten durch, die im Zeitraum 1/2003–5/2014 insgesamt 696 Behandlungen an einem deutschen Universitätsklinikum erhalten hatten.ErgebnisseDie unbereinigte Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit war für UST am höchsten, gefolgt von ADA, ETA, INF, FAE, MTX, ACI und CyA. In der multivariaten Regressionsanalyse mit FAE als Referenz betrug die Hazard Ratio (HR) für einen Abbruch 0,14 (95 % Konfidenzintervall: 0,06–0,35) bei UST, 0,43 (0,26–0,73) bei ADA, 2,11 (1,14–3,91) bei ACI und 3,26 (1,44–7,39) bei CyA. Das „Drug Survival“ von INF war länger, wenn es in Kombination mit MTX eingesetzt wurde (HR 2,87; 1,21–6,81). Traditionelle systemische Antipsoriatika sowie INF wurden am häufigsten aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen abgesetzt; alle anderen Biologika aufgrund ihrer Unwirksamkeit für kutane Psoriasis‐Läsionen.Schlussfolgerungen„Drug‐Survival“‐Raten sollten bei der Therapieentscheidung berücksichtigt werden, um den Patienten eine bestmögliche Langzeitstrategie zu bieten.
Insect cold hardiness: the role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in freeze avoiding larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana
Authors: Zhang J. , Storey K. B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLarvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana, use the freeze avoidance strategy of cold hardiness to survive the winter. Here we report that protein kinase‐dependent signal transduction featuring mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades (extracellular signal regulated kinase, c‐jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 MAPK pathways) and the Akt (also known as protein kinase B, or PKB) pathway could be integral parts of the development of cold hardiness by E. scudderiana. We used Luminex technology to assess the protein levels and phosphorylation status of key components and downstream targets of those pathways in larvae in response to low temperature acclimation. The data showed that MAPK pathways (both total protein and phosphorylated MAPK targets) were inhibited after 5°C acclimation, but not −15°C exposure, as compared with the 15°C control group. However, total heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) levels increased dramatically by ∼12‐fold in the −15°C acclimated insects. Elevated HSP27 may facilitate anti‐apoptotic mechanisms in an Akt‐dependent fashion. By contrast, both 5 and −15°C acclimation produced signs of Akt pathway activation. In particular, the inhibitor phosphorylated Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3a (p‐GSK3) levels remained high in cold‐exposed larvae. Additionally, activation of the Akt pathway might also facilitate inhibition of apoptosis independently of GSK3. Overall, the current study indicates that both MAPK and Akt signal transduction may play essential roles in freeze avoidance by E. scudderiana.
Subjective well‐being of mental health nurses in the United Kingdom: Results of an online survey
Authors: Oates Jennifer , Jones Julia , Drey Nicholas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to measure the subjective well‐being of a group of 225 UK registered mental health nurses (MHN) using three survey measures, and to identify whether certain demographic and workplace factors correlated with subjective well‐being measure scores. An online survey incorporating the subjective well‐being questions used by the Office for National Statistics, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well‐Being Scale was administered to members of two professional bodies for MHN. There was good consistency between the three subjective well‐being measures, each demonstrating that UK MHN had a relatively low subjective well‐being. Apart from the Office for National Statistics question, ‘Overall, to what extent do you feel the things you do in your life are worthwhile?’, demographic and workplace factors did not correlate with subjective well‐being measure scores, although the characteristics of being male, living alone, and being aged 40–49 years were associated with lower mean scores on all three measures. The findings of the exploratory study suggest that a similar study should be undertaken with a larger representative population of MHN, and that qualitative research should explore why and how UK MHN have relatively low subjective well‐being. The limitations of this study, namely the response rate and sample representativeness, mean that the results of the present study must be tested in further research on the MHN population.
The role of menstruation in women's objectification: a questionnaire study
Authors: Sveinsdóttir Herdís 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the concepts of objectification and self‐objectification among young women in the context of attitudes towards menstruation, menstrual suppression, menstrual and menarche experiences, disorder eating and exercise habits and to detect predictors of objectification and self‐objectification.BackgroundThe negative effects of objectification are well founded. Considering the central role menstruation plays in female biology, it comes as quite a surprise that so little attention is given to the subject in the research on objectification.DesignCross‐sectional explorative survey design.MethodsA questionnaire that included the Self‐Objectification Questionnaire, the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Belief and Attitudes Towards Menstruation Questionnaire and the Suppress Menstruation subscale of the Attitudes Towards Menstrual Suppression Questionnaire was administered at the end of 2013 to 319 Icelandic women who represented the population by age. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was employed to calculate significant predictors of objectification and self‐objectification.ResultsFour models of objectification are presented: the self‐objectification model, the body surveillance model, the body shame model and the control belief model. Taken together, the strongest predictors of these models were related to eating habits. However, the findings also support the proposition that menstrual‐related experiences influence women's objectification, particularly in terms of age at menarche, of belief in the prescriptive role of menstruation and of use of pain medication for menstrual pain.ConclusionHealthcare providers in general and nurses in particular could and should assist girls and women in developing a positive view of their body and its reproductive functions by discussing the body and menstruation based on women's concerns.
Prevalence, Trends and Custody Among Children of Parents with Intellectual Disabilities in Norway
Authors: Tøssebro Jan , Midjo Turid , Paulsen Veronika , Berg Berit 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThis study addresses children of parents with intellectual disability in Norway. The aim was to examine: (i) the impact of definitions of intellectual disability on prevalence, (ii) whether numbers were increasing, (iii) the prevalence of motherhood and fatherhood and (iv) rates of lost custody.MethodsAnalyses of national registers (n = 30 834) and mapping in four municipalities (n = 85).Results0.19% of all children had parents with recorded intellectual disability, increasing to 0.87% with wider inclusion criteria. The number of children born to parents with intellectual disability has been declining since the mid‐1980s. The proportion of mothers with intellectual disability was twice that of fathers. Parental custody was revoked for 30–50% of children, with single mothers being at particular risk. Parents with intellectual disability accounted for 20–25% of all custody cases.ConclusionsThe results show that prevalence depends on the definition of intellectual disability. The decreasing number of children and the need for development of specially adapted family supports are discussed.
The Social‐Emotional Well‐Being of Children of Mothers with Intellectual Impairment: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Hindmarsh Gabrielle , Llewellyn Gwynnyth , Emerson Eric 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundChildren of parents with intellectual impairment are thought to be at risk for poor social‐emotional well‐being. This study investigated the relationship between maternal intellectual impairment and poor child social‐emotional well‐being.MethodSecondary analysis of data from waves 2–4 of the Millennium Cohort Study (UK). Social‐emotional well‐being was measured by maternal report at Waves 2–4, with teacher and child self‐report at Wave 4. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsUnadjusted, maternal intellectual impairment was associated with an elevated risk of overall poor social‐emotional well‐being at ages 3 and 5, but not at age 7. After controlling for individual, family and environmental characteristics, no statistically significant association was found between maternal intellectual impairment and poor child social‐emotional well‐being.ConclusionsChildren of mothers with intellectual impairment are more likely than their peers to be exposed to adverse living conditions. These living conditions may explain, at least in part, why these children face a heightened risk of poor social‐emotional well‐being at ages 3 and 5. Improving the living conditions of mothers with intellectual impairment may offer a pathway to child social‐emotional well‐being.
Primary aldosteronism: from case detection to histopathology with up to 6 years of follow‐up
Authors: Jonsdottir Gudbjörg , Gudmundsson Jon , Birgisson Gudjon , Sigurjonsdottir Helga Agusta 
Published: November 2016

The authors aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, accuracy of diagnostic tests, and long‐term outcomes after interventions in patients diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA) in Iceland throughout 5 years. A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients diagnosed with PA during the years 2007–2011 at Landspitali Hospital in Iceland, a referral center for the whole country. Workup after detection included salt loading test, positional test, computed tomography, and adrenal vein sampling. Patients with unilateral disease were offered treatment with adrenalectomy. A total of 33 patients were diagnosed with PA during the study period: 17 patients with bilateral disease and 16 with unilateral disease. Results from salt loading test were positive in 90% of patients. In patients with adenoma, 36% were responsive on their positional test and computed tomography scan showed a nodule in 73%. All patients with unilateral disease had a lateralization index ≥3. After surgery, patients had lower systolic blood pressure (P<.001) and number of hypertensive medications (P<.01).
Inhibition of Orai1‐mediated Ca2+ entry enhances chemosensitivity of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells to 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Tang Bao‐Dong , Xia Xin , Lv Xiao‐Fei , Yu Bei‐Xin , Yuan Jia‐Ni , Mai Xiao‐Yi , Shang Jin‐Yan , Zhou Jia‐Guo , Liang Si‐Jia , Pang Rui‐Ping 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence supports that activation of store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is implicated in the chemoresistance of cancer cells subjected to chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance are not well understood. In this study, we aim to investigate whether 5‐FU induces hepatocarcinoma cell death through regulating Ca2+‐dependent autophagy. [Ca2+]i was measured using fura2/AM dye. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We found that 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) induced autophagic cell death in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Orai1 expression was obviously elevated in hepatocarcinoma tissues. 5‐FU treatment decreased SOCE and Orai1 expressions, but had no effects on Stim1 and TRPC1 expressions. Knockdown of Orai1 or pharmacological inhibition of SOCE enhanced 5‐FU‐induced inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and potentiated 5‐FU‐activated autophagic cell death. On the contrary, ectopic overexpression of Orai1 antagonizes 5‐FU‐induced autophagy and cell death. Our findings provide convincing evidence to show that Orai1 expression is increased in hepatocarcinoma tissues. 5‐FU can induce autophagic cell death in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells through inhibition of SOCE via decreasing Orai1 expression. These findings suggest that Orai1 expression is a predictor of 5‐FU sensitivity for hepatocarcinoma treatment and blockade of Orai1‐mediated Ca2+ entry may be a promising strategy to sensitize hepatocarcinoma cells to 5‐FU treatment.
Biomarkers of systemic lupus erythematosus identified using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics: a systematic review
Authors: Nicolaou Orthodoxia , Kousios Andreas , Hadjisavvas Andreas , Lauwerys Bernard , Sokratous Kleitos , Kyriacou Kyriacos 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdvances in mass spectrometry technologies have created new opportunities for discovering novel protein biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a systematic review of published reports on proteomic biomarkers identified in SLE patients using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and highlight their potential disease association and clinical utility. Two electronic databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, were systematically searched up to July 2015. The methodological quality of studies included in the review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. Twenty‐five studies were included in the review, identifying 241 SLE candidate proteomic biomarkers related to various aspects of the disease including disease diagnosis and activity or pinpointing specific organ involvement. Furthermore, 13 of the 25 studies validated their results for a selected number of biomarkers in an independent cohort, resulting in the validation of 28 candidate biomarkers. It is noteworthy that 11 candidate biomarkers were identified in more than one study. A significant number of potential proteomic biomarkers that are related to a number of aspects of SLE have been identified using mass spectrometry proteomic approaches. However, further studies are required to assess the utility of these biomarkers in routine clinical practice.
Evolution of resistance to single and combined floral phytochemicals by a bumble bee parasite
Authors: Palmer‐Young E. C. , Sadd B. M. , Adler L. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRepeated exposure to inhibitory compounds can drive the evolution of resistance, which weakens chemical defence against antagonists. Floral phytochemicals in nectar and pollen have antimicrobial properties that can ameliorate infection in pollinators, but evolved resistance among parasites could diminish the medicinal efficacy of phytochemicals. However, multicompound blends, which occur in nectar and pollen, present simultaneous chemical challenges that may slow resistance evolution. We assessed evolution of resistance by the common bumble bee gut parasiteCrithidia bombito two floral phytochemicals, singly and combined, over 6 weeks (~100 generations) of chronic exposure. Resistance ofC. bombiincreased under single and combined phytochemical exposure, without any associated costs of reduced growth under phytochemical‐free conditions. After 6 weeks’ exposure, phytochemical concentrations that initially inhibited growth by > 50%, and exceeded concentrations in floral nectar, had minimal effects on evolved parasite lines. Unexpectedly, the phytochemical combination did not impede resistance evolution compared to single compounds. These results demonstrate that repeated phytochemical exposure, which could occur in homogeneous floral landscapes or with therapeutic phytochemical treatment of managed hives, can cause rapid evolution of resistance in pollinator parasites. We discuss possible explanations for submaximal phytochemical resistance in natural populations. Evolved resistance could diminish the antiparasitic value of phytochemical ingestion, weakening an important natural defence against infection.
The probability of parallel genetic evolution from standing genetic variation
Authors: MacPherson A. , Nuismer S. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractParallel evolution is often assumed to result from repeated adaptation to novel, yet ecologically similar, environments. Here, we develop and analyse a mathematical model that predicts the probability of parallel genetic evolution from standing genetic variation as a function of the strength of phenotypic selection and constraints imposed by genetic architecture. Our results show that the probability of parallel genetic evolution increases with the strength of natural selection and effective population size and is particularly likely to occur for genes with large phenotypic effects. Building on these results, we develop a Bayesian framework for estimating the strength of parallel phenotypic selection from genetic data. Using extensive individual‐based simulations, we show that our estimator is robust across a wide range of genetic and evolutionary scenarios and provides a useful tool for rigorously testing the hypothesis that parallel genetic evolution is the result of adaptive evolution. An important result that emerges from our analyses is that existing studies of parallel genetic evolution frequently rely on data that is insufficient for distinguishing between adaptive evolution and neutral evolution driven by random genetic drift. Overcoming this challenge will require sampling more populations and the inclusion of larger numbers of loci.