bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Admission of people with dementia to psychiatric hospitals in Japan: factors that can shorten their hospitalizations
Authors: Morikawa Takako , Maeda Kiyoshi , Osaki Tohmi , Kajita Hiroyuki , Yotsumoto Kayano , Kawamata Toshio 
Published: February 2017

AimPeople exhibiting serious behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are usually voluntarily or involuntarily committed to psychiatric hospitals for treatment. In Japan, the average hospital stay for individuals with dementia is about 2 years. Ideally, individuals should be discharged once their symptoms have subsided. However, we see cases in Japan where individuals remain institutionalized long after behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are no longer apparent. This study will attempt to identify factors contributing to shorter stays in psychiatric hospitals for dementia patients.MethodsQuestionnaires consisting of 17 items were mailed to 121 psychiatric hospitals with dementia treatment wards in western Japan.ResultsOut of 121 hospitals that received the questionnaires, 45 hospitals returned them. The total number of new patient admissions at all 45 hospitals during the month of August 2014 was 1428, including 384 dementia patients (26.9%). The average length of stay in the dementia wards in August 2014 was 482.7 days. Our findings revealed that the rate of discharge after 2 months was 35.4% for the dementia wards. In addition, we found that the average stay in hospitals charging or planning to charge the rehabilitation fee to dementia patients was significantly shorter than in hospitals not charging the rehabilitation fee.ConclusionIn Japan, dementia patients account for over 25% of new admissions to psychiatric hospitals with dementia wards. The average length of stay in a psychiatric hospital dementia ward is more than 1 year. A discharge after fewer than 2 months is exceedingly rare for those in a dementia ward compared with dementia patients in other wards. If institutions focus on rehabilitation, it may be possible to shorten the stay of dementia patients in psychiatric hospitals.
Incremental Hemodialysis – A European Perspective
Authors: Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Davenport Andrew 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMost patients initiating hemodialysis have residual renal function (RRF). Whereas RRF is monitored prior to commencing hemodialysis, once dialysis is started most centres simply rely on dialyzer urea clearance to determine adequate uremic toxin clearance and disregard the effect of RRF. However sustaining RRF is important for the dialysis patient, as RRF reduces inter‐dialytic weight gains, increases middle molecule and protein bound toxin clearances and is associated with better quality of life assessments. Paradoxically, more frequent dialysis and longer dialysis sessions appear to be associated with more rapid loss of RRF. As such, starting patients with less frequent or shorter dialysis sessions, depending upon individual patient comorbidity, may lead to better preservation of RRF. However to prevent inadequate uremic toxin clearance or volume overload, RRF needs to be regularly monitored. Unfortunately, the 24‐hour urine collection for urea and creatinine clearance remains the mainstay for RRF assessment. This measurement chiefly represents glomerular clearance rather than tubular function, but the latter may be also important for the dialysis patients. Incremental dialysis with less initial dialysis treatment may lower costs and will allow others to dialyze more frequently. The key to start a successful incremental hemodialysis approach is the regular monitoring of the patient, so that as RRF is lost an appropriate decision can be made regarding increasing dialysis session duration and frequency on an individual patient basis or consider switching modalities to hemodiafiltration.
Whole‐body vibration training as a workplace‐based sports activity for employees with chronic low‐back pain
Authors: Kaeding T. S. , Karch A. , Schwarz R. , Flor T. , Wittke T.‐C. , Kück M. , Böselt G. , Tegtbur U. , Stein L. 
Published: February 2017

The goal of this randomized and controlled study was to examine whether whole‐body vibration (WBV) training is able to reduce back pain and physical disability in seated working office employees with chronic low‐back pain in a real‐world setting. A total of 41 subjects (68.3% female/mean age 45.5±9.1 years/mean BMI 26.6±5.2) were randomly allocated to an intervention group (INT [n=21]) or a control group (CON [n=20]). The INT participated in WBV training 2.5 times per week for 3 months. The primary outcome was the change in the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire (RMQ) score over the study period. In addition, secondary outcomes included changes in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Work Ability Index Questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaire SF‐36, the Freiburger activity questionnaire, and an isokinetic test of the musculature of the trunk. Compliance with the intervention in the INT reached a mean of 81.1%±31.2% with no long‐lasting unwanted side effects. We found significant positive effects of 3 months of WBV training in the INT compared to the CON regarding the RMQ (P=.027), the ODI (P=.002), the SF‐36 (P=.013), the Freiburger activity questionnaire (P=.022), the post‐interventional sick‐leave in the INT (P=.008), and trends regarding a positive effect of the intervention on the muscular capacity of the muscles of the trunk in flexion. WBV training seems to be an effective, safe, and suitable intervention for seated working employees with chronic low‐back pain.
Polarization, Number of Parties, and Voter Turnout: Explaining Turnout in 26 OECD Countries
Authors: Wilford Allan M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to explore how party systems can affect turnout by exploring the conditional effect of number of parties and party polarization on democracies.MethodsUsing Comparative Manifesto Project data from 26 democracies, this study develops a measure of party systems that interacts party polarization and number of parties to explain turnout.ResultsFindings show that the composition of the party system as a whole is a key determinate of a voter's propensity to vote. Highly polarized systems with few parties spur individuals to vote, while low levels of polarization and many parties reduce incentives to vote.ConclusionsResults have important implications for theories of turnout, resolving the confusion surrounding how party systems affect political participation.
Prevalence and correlates of antibiotic sharing in the Philippines: antibiotic misconceptions and community‐level access to non‐medical sources of antibiotics
Authors: Barber Daniel A. , Casquejo Efren , Ybañez Purita L. , Pinote Magdaleno T. , Casquejo Luz , Pinote Lucia S. , Estorgio Magdalena , Young April M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify sociodemographic, knowledge and attitudinal correlates to antibiotic sharing among a community‐based sample of adults (age 18 and older) in a low‐income setting of the Philippines and to explore community‐level data on informal antibiotic distribution in roadside stands (i.e., sari‐sari stands).MethodsParticipants (n = 307) completed self‐administered surveys. Correlates to antibiotic sharing were assessed using logistic regression with Firth's bias‐adjusted estimates. Study staff also visited 106 roadside stands and collected data on availability and characteristics of antibiotics in the stands.Results78% had shared antibiotics in their lifetime, most often with family members. In multivariable analysis, agreement with the belief that it is safe to prematurely stop an antibiotic course (OR: 2.8, CI: 1.3–5.8) and concerns about antibiotic side effects (OR: 2.1, CI: 1.1–4.4) were significantly associated with increased odds of reported antibiotic sharing. Antibiotic sharing was not associated with sociodemographic characteristics or antibiotic knowledge. Antibiotics were widely available in 60% of sampled sari‐sari stands, in which 59% of antibiotics were missing expiration dates. Amoxicillin and cephalexin were the most commonly available antibiotics for sale at the stands (60% and 21%, respectively).ConclusionsAntibiotic sharing was common and was associated with misconceptions about proper antibiotic use. Antibiotics were widely available in sari‐sari stands, and usually without expiration information. This study suggests that multipronged and locally tailored approaches to curbing informal antibiotic access are needed in the Philippines and similar Southeast‐Asian countries.
A novel ultrasonographic assisted technique for desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament in horses
Authors: Espinosa Pablo , Nieto Jorge E. , Snyder Jack R. , Galuppo Larry D. , Katzman Scott A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe an ultrasound assisted technique for desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL), determine its efficacy and intraoperative complications.Study designCadaveric and in vivo study.AnimalsCadaveric limbs (n = 12), adult horses (n = 4), and clinical cases (n = 2).MethodsUltrasound assisted desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (UAD‐PAL) was performed in cadaveric limbs and in standing horses with the operated limb placed in a distal limb splint. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and was followed by tenoscopic examination in 2 clinical cases. A hook knife was developed for the procedure. Complete transection was assessed by postmortem dissection (10 forelimbs, 10 hindlimbs) and tenoscopic examination (1 forelimb, 1 hindlimb). Thickness of PAL, surgery time, other intraoperative parameters and complications associated with the procedure were recorded.ResultsComplete PAL transection was accomplished in 20/22 limbs. No iatrogenic damage to adjacent intrathecal structures was identified in any case. The instrument was correctly positioned on the first attempt in 19/22 cases. The most common intraoperative complication was inadvertent subcutaneous placement of the instrument (n = 2). Significant thickening of the PAL (3 mm) was present in 1/2 limbs in which complete transection was not achieved.ConclusionsUAD‐PAL with the custom‐made hook knife was effective at transecting the PAL with minimal intraoperative complications. The procedure can be performed in standing sedated horses. Another method should be considered in horses with thickened PAL.
Professional Development and Teacher Perceptions of Experiences Teaching Health-Related Fitness Knowledge
Authors: Hodges Michael , Kulinna Pamela Hodges , Lee Chong , Kwon Ja Youn 
Published: February 2017

Students of all ages have documented a deficiency in health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK). However, improving students HRFK may require a change in teacher practices and professional development (PD).Purpose:This study, framed by Guskey’s Model of Teacher Change (GMTC; Guskey, 2002), sought to assist teachers’ HRFK instruction as part of their physical education curriculum and practices. Initially, researchers examined: (a) teachers’ perceptions of health-related fitness knowledge instruction, followed by, (b) selected teachers’ perceptions of the professional development (PD) methods and the approach to teaching HRFK.Method:Semistructured interviews were conducted among elementary physical education teachers’ (N = 9) in one suburban school district. A randomly selected smaller group of teachers (n = 5), had PD on Knowledge in Action Lesson Segments (KIALS), an approach to teaching HRFK. Teachers were asked to implement KIALS into their fifth grade physical education classes and interviewed two additional times.Results:Three themes emerged from the data: (a) HRFK is critical but I can’t get to it; (b) If you show it, they will implement it; and (c) Knowledge in Action gets the job done.Conclusion:PD procedures in this study and KIALS were seen as favorable. Results paralleled GMTC principles, as researchers confirmed quality PD, and observations of positive student outcomes further reinforced teachers’ beliefs. Teachers also expressed a willingness to continue using KIALS after the completion of this study, concluding achievement of the final fourth principal of the change process. Findings suggested that KIALS, if presented with similar PD will be well-received by teachers supporting their efforts to improve student HRFK outcomes.
Revisiting the National Physical Education Content Standards: What Do We Really Know About Our Achievement of the Physically Educated/Literate Person?
Authors: Hastie Peter A. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:The purpose of this paper was to review the research literature in physical education to establish what is currently known about the extent to which the national outcome goals have been achieved.Method:Papers were selected through an initial search of the EBSCO database, with main identifiers included being physical education, physical activity, and physical fitness, combined with the descriptors that represented the key idea of each of the give content standards. Further journal articles were then obtained through the citations and references in the original documents.Results:While there is a dearth of results that directly accounts for the accomplishment of the standards, the research suggests that the expectations of performance, as outlined in the standards, are being realized by less than half of all students participating in physical education.Discussion:The discussion presents a model for moving research in the field forward, and suggests there is a need for descriptive studies which provide rich details of the contexts where highly effective, as well as sophisticated interventions whose goal is to produce significant change in selected student outcomes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Strains of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Displaying Different Virulence in an Experimental Chicken Model
Authors: Ogunremi Dele , Blais Burton , Huang Hongsheng , Wang Linru , Elmufti Mohamed , Allain Ray , Hazelwood Jennifer , Grenier Chris , Amoako Kingsley , Savic Mirjana , Fattahi Ghazi Nashmil 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium strains 22495 and 22792, obtained from wild birds, were found to display different virulence attributes in an experimental chicken model. Closed genome sequences were assembled after sequencing with the Roche 454 and Illumina MiSeq platforms. An additional plasmid was present in the more virulent strain 22495.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Arthrobacter
sp. Strain UCD-GKA (Phylum
Actinobacteria
)
Authors: Kincheloe Gregory N. , Eisen Jonathan A. , Coil David A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome of
Arthrobacter
sp. strain UCD-GKA. The assembly contains 4,930,274 bp in 33 contigs. This strain was isolated from the handle of a weight bar in the UC Davis Activities and Recreation Center.
Draft Genome Sequence of Cystobacter ferrugineus Strain Cbfe23
Authors: Akbar Shukria , Dowd Scot E. , Stevens D. Cole 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

In an effort to explore myxobacterial natural product biosynthetic pathways, the draft genome sequence of
Cystobacter ferrugineus
strain Cbfe23 has been obtained. Analysis of the genome using antiSMASH suggests a multitude of unique natural product biosynthetic pathways. This genome will contribute to the investigation of secondary metabolism in other myxobacterial species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Edwardsiella hoshinae ATCC 35051
Authors: Reichley Stephen R. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Lawrence Mark L. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Edwardsiella hoshinae
is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that has primarily been isolated from avians and reptiles. We report here the complete and annotated genome sequence of an isolate from a monitor lizard (
Varanus
sp.), which contains a chromosome of 3,811,650 bp and no plasmids.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Arcobacter
sp. Strain LFT 1.7 Isolated from Great Scallop (
Pecten maximus
) Larvae
Authors: Diéguez A. L. , Romalde J. L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Arcobacter
sp. strain LFT 1.7 was isolated from great scallop (
Pecten maximus
) larvae. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain LFT 1.7 formed an independent lineage in the genus
Arcobacter
. The draft genome of LFT 1.7 was sequenced to determine the taxonomic position and ecological function of this strain.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum J5, Isolated from a Soybean Nodule in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kanehara Kazuma , Minamisawa Kiwamu 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Soybean bradyrhizobia form root nodules on soybean plants and symbiotically fix N
2
. Strain J5 is phylogenetically far from well-known representatives within the
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
linage. The complete genome showed the largest single chromosomal (10.1 Mb) and symbiosis island (998 kb) among complete genomes of soybean bradyrhizobia.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Attenuated Streptococcus agalactiae Strain Isolated from the Gut of a Nile Tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
)
Authors: Zhang Ze , Yu Angen , Lan Jiangfeng , Zhang Yulei , Zhang Hua , Li Yuhui , Hu Minqiang , Cheng Jiewei , Wei Shun , Lin Li 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
is a pathogen that causes severe anthropozoonosis within a broad range of hosts from aquatic animals to mammals, including human beings. Here, we describe the draft genome of
S. agalactiae
HZAUSC001, a low-virulent strain isolated from the gut of a moribund tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) in China.
Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa YC0573, a Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacterium with Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Liu Hu , Wang Chengqiang , Li Yuhuan , Liu Kai , Hou Qihui , Xu Wenfeng , Fan Lingchao , Zhao Jian , Gou Jianyu , Du Binghai , Ding Yanqin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus polymyxa
strain YC0573 is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium with antimicrobial activity, which was isolated from tobacco rhizosphere. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. polymyxa
YC0573. Antifungal and antibacterial genes were discovered.
Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. H-KF8, a Marine Actinobacterium Isolated from a Northern Chilean Patagonian Fjord
Authors: Undabarrena Agustina , Ugalde Juan Antonio , Castro-Nallar Eduardo , Seeger Michael , Cámara Beatriz 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces
sp. H-KF8 is a fjord-derived marine actinobacterium capable of producing antimicrobial activity.
Streptomyces
sp. H-KF8 was isolated from sediments of the Comau fjord, located in the northern Chilean Patagonia. Here, we report the 7.7-Mb genome assembly, which represents the first genome of a Chilean marine actinobacterium.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Lyon Sarah M. , Rossman Milton D. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
This review on pulmonary tuberculosis includes an introduction that describes how the lung is the portal of entry for the tuberculosis bacilli to enter the body and then spread to the rest of the body. The symptoms and signs of both primary and reactivation tuberculosis are described. Routine laboratory tests are rarely helpful for making the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The differences between the chest X ray in primary and reactivation tuberculosis is also described. The chest computed tomography appearance in primary and reactivation tuberculosis is also described. The criteria for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis are described, and the differential is discussed. The pulmonary findings of tuberculosis in HIV infection are described and differentiated from those in patients without HIV infection. The occurrence of tuberculosis in the elderly and in those patients on anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors is described. Pleural tuberculosis and its diagnosis are described. Efforts to define the activity of tuberculosis and the need for respiratory isolation are discussed. The complications of pulmonary tuberculosis are also described.
Problem-solving therapy for adults with diabetic retinopathy and diabetes-specific distress: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rees Gwyneth , O'Hare Fleur , Saeed Marian , Sudholz Bronwyn , Sturrock Bonnie A , Xie Jing , Speight Jane , Lamoureux Ecosse L 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo provide preliminary evidence for the impact of problem-solving therapy for diabetes (PST-D) in adults with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetes distress.Research design and methodsIn a pilot randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with DR and diabetes distress were allocated to the PST-D or control groups. Diabetes distress (DDS), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), self-care activities (SDSCA), and HbA1cwere assessed at baseline, and 3 and 6-month follow-ups.ResultsAt the 6-month follow-up, the PST-D group showed significant improvements relative to the control group, in ‘regimen-related distress’ (PST-D: −1.3±1.4; control: −0.4±1.1), depressive symptoms (PST-D: −4.3±6.1; control: −0.3±4.6), and HbA1c(PST-D: −1.2%±1.01; control: 0.2%±1.2%) (all p<0.05). In multiple regression analysis, adjusting for baseline values and sociodemographic factors, PST-D was associated with significant improvement in ‘regimen-related distress’, depressive symptoms, and HbA1cat the 6-month follow-up (p<0.05).ConclusionsPST-D is a promising intervention for improving psychological outcomes and glycemic control. A fully powered study is required to confirm these findings and examine mechanisms of change in HbA1c.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001010482; results.
Associations of participation in community assets with health-related quality of life and healthcare usage: a cross-sectional study of older people in the community
Authors: Munford Luke A , Sidaway Mark , Blakemore Amy , Sutton Matt , Bower Pete 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundCommunity assets are promoted as a way to improve quality of life and reduce healthcare usage. However, the quantitative impact of participation in community assets on these outcomes is not known.MethodsWe examined the association between participation in community assets and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (EuroQol-5D-5L) and healthcare usage in 3686 individuals aged ≥65 years. We estimated the unadjusted differences in EuroQol-5D-5L scores and healthcare usage between participants and non-participants in community assets and then used multivariate regression to examine scores adjusted for sociodemographic and limiting long-term health conditions. We derived the net benefits of participation using a range of threshold values for a quality-adjusted life year (QALY).Results50% of individuals reported participation in community assets. Their EuroQol-5D-5L scores were 0.094 (95% CI 0.077 to 0.111) points higher than non-participants. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics reduced this differential to 0.081 (95% CI 0.064 to 0.098). Further controlling for limiting long-term conditions reduced this effect to 0.039 (95% CI 0.025 to 0.052). Once we adjusted for sociodemographic and limiting long-term conditions, the reductions in healthcare usage and costs associated with community asset participation were not statistically significant. Based on a threshold value of £20 000 per QALY, the net benefits of participation in community assets were £763 (95% CI £478 to £1048) per participant per year.ConclusionsParticipation in community assets is associated with substantially higher HRQoL but is not associated with lower healthcare costs. The social value of developing community assets is potentially substantial.