bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine and Cancer Care in the UAE
Authors: Kussmann Heidi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) in oncology is an emerging field of care comprising over 40 different licensed professionals with varying amounts of evidence supporting their respective professional treatments and regimens. This chapter presents summary information about the TCIM profession of naturopathic medicine and the subspecialty of naturopathic oncology, as well as the evidence supporting the use of naturopathic options with conventional care for cancer. Evidence supporting integrative treatments and natural health products for each type of conventional cancer treatment is presented. There is an opportunity in the UAE to collaborate and include all integrative oncology professionals in all phases of care for people with cancer.
Nuclear Medicine in the UAE
Authors: Al Suhaili Abdulrahim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNuclear medicine is the name given to the branch of medicine that uses radioactive materials that have not been sealed for diagnosis and therapy. It became a specialty in the 1950s, when more sophisticated imaging devices were invented. In the UAE, the start was in Abu Dhabi and Al Ain, followed by Dubai, Fujairah, and Ras al-Khaimah, which are government hospitals. The private sector entered later at the Al-Zahra hospital in Sharjah, the Gulf Diagnostic Centre in Abu Dhabi, an American hospital, and Mediclinic in Dubai. Many centers can now be found throughout the UAE. Nuclear oncology became a sub-specialty as more cancer cases were detected as a result of earlier detection, increased awareness, and better equipment. Whenever you find advanced oncology, you will find advanced nuclear medicine next to it. Radionuclide therapy has expanded in the last 30 years with a new understanding of cell biology and how cancer cells are developing. As a result, the paradigm shifted from mass customization to fighting at the cellular, molecular, and gene levels. Radionuclides served as a Trojan horse, allowing us to infiltrate and kill within. Theranostic is an emerging new technology used for targeted therapy of cancers. In this chapter, we are highlighting the early start of nuclear medicine in this fast-developing country.
Pediatric Cancer in the UAE
Authors: Kanakande Kandy Zainul Aaabideen , Morad Ammar , Taryam Alshamsi Eman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the United Arab Emirates, pediatric oncology has evolved as a separate branch of medicine over the last five decades. The nation of the UAE was formed in 1971. Since then, it has shown rapid advancement in many aspects, including healthcare. Initially, pediatric oncology services were developed in the government sector, but now they are available in the private sector as well (Al-Shamsi, Clin Pract. 12(6):955–85, 2022; Mpofu and Revesz, Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 13(1):1–7, 1996; El-Hayek et al., Med Pediatr Oncol. 41(5):486–7, 2003). Now, most of the services for pediatric cancer care are available in the country, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (Al-Shamsi et al., Clin Pract. 12(1):84–90, 2022); however, there are areas that need improvement as a priority. The government bears the costs for nationals, whereas expatriates are covered by insurance and a government-mandated program for those who do not have insurance. More recently, for patients who do not have insurance, many charities have been helping to cover these expenses.Because of its comfortable and convenient facilities, as well as its safe environment, the UAE is one of the most popular holiday destinations. For the same reasons, the UAE can become one of the world’s most popular healthcare tourism destinations for pediatric cancer patients and for pediatric BMT.
Colorectal Cancer in the UAE
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Iqbal Faryal , Kourie Hampig R. , Zaabi Adhari Al , Abyad Amin M. , Abdelwahed Nadia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers in Arabs, with a dramatically increasing annual incidence rate. As a result, the UAE’s cancer burden is rising, with CRC being the most common cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women after breast and thyroid cancer, and the third most common cancer in both men and women. CRC screening needs to get more systematic in the UAE with proper call and recall as the current uptake here remains low and suboptimal. Many factors contribute to this low uptake, and it must be addressed if the incidence of CRC and other cancers is to be reduced. CRC preventive initiatives should be implemented in the UAE, with all infrastructure and resources geared toward providing comprehensive cancer care at all stages of the disease. The UAE scientific community must conduct studies on the cost-effectiveness of high-risk populations or nationwide screening alternatives in order to address the country’s CRC burden.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in the UAE
Authors: Srayaldeen Salman Wahib , Elkhalifa Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe incidence of HCC in the UAE has been stable, with around 60–100 cases per year in the UAE between 2013 and 2021, with a potential future increase in incidence with rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and excessive alcohol consumption, as well as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).The age-specific incidence of HCC peaks between 80 and 90 years old, but new cases can be detected as early as 40 due to alcoholic liver disease. The prevalence of hepatitis C is low (0.1%) due to the availability of universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. However, the incidence of HCC is expected to continue to increase due to rising obesity and diabetes.Multiple risk factors contribute to the development of HCC in the UAE, including viral hepatitis (B and C), excessive alcohol consumption, and the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The growing population and associated lifestyle changes, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, also play a role.The diagnosis of HCC is challenging in the early stages and is typically performed through noninvasive imaging. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary. Staging systems for HCC should take into account tumor burden, liver function, and patient performance status. The Milan criteria, used in the GCC, including the UAE, are used to determine eligibility for liver transplantation based on tumor size and spread. The availability of deceased donor organ transplantation in the UAE has enabled a total of 25 liver transplants to be performed, with 100% patient survival and 96% graft survival after a median follow-up of 647 days. No recurrence of HCC was observed in patients after transplantation.The UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), the Department of Health (DOH) in Abu Dhabi, and the Dubai Health Authority (DHA) work together to provide high-quality and safe healthcare services to all citizens and residents of the UAE. The implementation of the National Agenda’s objectives, including the reduction of cancer-related mortality, is enabled by the presence of the DOH and DHA in all healthcare facilities.To mitigate the impact of HCC in the UAE, various strategies have been implemented, including liver health awareness and screening programs and multiple modalities of treatment, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, ablation therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Additionally, the UAE has implemented policies to reduce the incidence of HCC, such as vaccination programs for hepatitis B, antiviral treatment for hepatitis C, restrictions on alcohol consumption, and measures to reduce the burden of NAFLD by promoting healthy lifestyles and reducing the consumption of unhealthy foods.
Thyroid Cancer in the UAE
Authors: Bendardaf Riyad , Talaat Iman M. , Elemam Noha M. , Al-Shamsi Humaid O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter sheds light on thyroid cancer and its prevalence in the UAE. It entails the different histopathological classifications and molecular pathogenesis of thyroid malignant tumors, as well as their grading and staging. Since thyroid cancer incidence has increased in 2021 to become the second most prevalent cancer in the UAE, it is crucial to understand the incidence, mortality, and gender variations among the UAE population. It also describes the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.
Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) in the UAE
Authors: Al-Awadhi Aydah , Al-Shamsi Humaid O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs), despite their increasing incidence, are considered to be rare tumors. There is no published data about the incidence or prevalence of NETs in the UAE. In a survey in 2021 for oncologists in the UAE, 43 respondents completed the survey. Thirty-one respondents (72.1%) had active patients with neuroendocrine tumors at the time of the survey. Thirty-one respondents (73.8%) indicated that GI NET was the most common NET in their practice. Six respondents (14.3%) selected lung and two (4.8%) selected gynecological NETs as the most common NETs in their practices. This is the first study to address the potential burden of NETs in the UAE. More education for family physicians, endocrinologists, and gastroenterologists in the UAE is needed to facilitate early diagnosis.
Emirates Oncology Society
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Abyad Amin M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Emirates Oncology Society (EOS) was established in 2016. It is dedicated to promoting and enhancing the comprehensive care of cancer patients across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by bringing together all of the practicing cancer specialists and healthcare workers from different backgrounds in the field of oncology. It is the professional society representing medical oncologists, radiotherapy, and palliative physicians in the United Arab Emirates. For a candidate to be eligible for membership, he or she must be a physician licensed to practice oncology or hematology in the UAE. There are 80 active members in EOS as of September 2022. The EOS holds the largest number of accredited conferences and CMEs in the UAE. The EOS delivered more than 200 accredited CME hours in 2020 and 2021. The EOS holds many events and activities as stand-alone activities or in collaboration with international cancer societies and organizations like the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC). In 2021, the EOS was named by the EMA as the most scientific publishing society among all the 48 members of the EMA. The EOS is also supporting the initiative to establish accredited oncology and hematology fellowship training programs in the UAE. The EOS works closely with the regulators in the UAE to improve the quality of cancer care through the implementation of quality measures.
Nongovernmental Organizations’ (NGO) Role in Cancer Care in the UAE: Friends of Cancer Patients as an Example
Authors: Al Mulla Aisha , Mohamed Majed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNongovernmental organizations (NGOs) around the world have been promoting cancer care, from prevention to palliation, due to their streamlined bureaucracy and flexible administrative structures. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), several support groups provide assistance to alleviate the suffering of cancer patients and mobilize resources for medical expenses, advanced treatments, and reintegration into society for cancer survivors.The Sharjah-based Friends of Cancer Patients (FOCP) is one such organization that is actively raising awareness about screening and early detection, advocating for health, and providing moral and financial support to cancer patients in the UAE. In addition to providing medical financial aid and social support, FOCP also conducts fundraising events and awareness workshops to increase public knowledge and address misunderstandings about cancer care.
The cosmological constant problem and the effective potential of a gravity-coupled scalar
Authors: Ferrero Renata , Percacci Roberto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider a quantum scalar field in a classical (Euclidean) De Sitter background, whose radius is fixed dynamically by Einstein’s equations. In the case of a free scalar, it has been shown by Becker and Reuter that if one regulates the quantum effective action by putting a cutoff N on the modes of the quantum field, the radius is driven dynamically to infinity when N tends to infinity. We show that this result holds also in the case of a self-interacting scalar, both in the symmetric and broken-symmetry phase. Furthermore, when the gravitational background is put on shell, the quantum corrections to the mass and quartic self-coupling are found to be finite.
Holographic description of an anisotropic Dirac semimetal
Authors: Bahamondes Sebastián , Salazar Landea Ignacio , Soto-Garrido Rodrigo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Holographic quantum matter exploits the AdS/CFT correspondence to study systems in condensed matter physics. An example of these systems are strongly correlated semimetals, which feature a rich phase diagram structure. In this work, we present a holographic model for a Dirac semimetal in 2 + 1 dimensions that features a topological phase transition. Our construction relies on deforming a relativistic UV fixed point with some relevant operators that explicitly break rotations and some internal symmetries. The phase diagram for different values of the relevant coupling constants is obtained. The different phases are characterized by distinct dispersion relations for probe fermionic modes in the AdS geometry. We find semi-metallic phases characterized by the presence of Dirac cones and an insulating phase featuring a mass gap with a mild anisotropy. Remarkably, we find as well an anisotropic semi-Dirac phase characterized by a massless a fermionic excitation dispersing linearly in one direction while quadratically in the other.
Freeze-in as a complementary process to freeze-out
Authors: Capucha Rodrigo , Elyaouti Karim , Mühlleitner Margarete , Plotnikov Johann , Santos Rui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There are many extensions of the Standard Model with a dark matter (DM) candidate obtained via the freeze-out mechanism. It can happen that after all experimental and theoretical constraints are taken into account, all parameter points have a relic density below the experimentally measured value. This means that the models solve only partially the DM problem, and at least one more candidate is needed. In this work we show that it is possible to further extend the model with a DM candidate obtained via the freeze-in mechanism to be in agreement with the relic density experimental measurement. Once the relic density problem is solved with this addition, new questions are raised. This new model with at least two DM candidates could have a freeze-out undetectable DM particle both in direct and indirect detection. This could happen if the freeze-out DM particle would have a very low density. Hence, a collider DM hint via excess in the missing energy with no correspondence in direct and indirect detection experiments, could signal the existence of a Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP). Conversely, if a DM particle is found and a particular model can explain all observables except the correct relic density, an extension with an extra FIMP would solve the problem. The freeze-in DM candidate, due to the small portal couplings, will not change the remaining phenomenology.
Parabolic recursions for Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials and the hypercube decomposition
Authors: Gurevich Maxim , Wang Chuijia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe employ general parabolic recursion methods to demonstrate the recently devised hypercube formula for Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of $$S_n$$

S
n

, and establish its generalization to the full setting of a finite Coxeter system through algebraic proof. We introduce procedures for positive decompositions of q-derived Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials within this setting, that utilize classical Hecke algebra positivity phenomena of Dyer-Lehrer and Grojnowski–Haiman. This leads to a distinct algorithmic approach to the subject, based on induction from a parabolic subgroup. We propose suitable weak variants of the combinatorial invariance conjecture and verify their validity for permutation groups.
Orthogonal cutting of 3D printed multi-material workpiece: numerical investigation of machining forces, stress, and temperature distribution
Authors: Ghasemi Ali , Duggen Lars , Malekan Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the development of 3D metal printers for rapid prototyping and industrial component production, heightened attention was directed towards post-processing operations for achieving precise surface quality and geometrical tolerances for these components. This paper investigated the orthogonal cutting of multi-material 3D printed workpieces using a coated cutting tool through finite element simulation. The workpieces featured different horizontal and vertical arrangements of layers composed of aluminum 7075-T6 alloy (Al), stainless steel 316 low alloy (SS), and Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti). The study explored the impacts of multi-material composition, coating thickness, and the rake angle of the cutting tool on machining forces, stress distribution, temperature distribution, and chip formation geometry. The results revealed a bimodal chip morphology in the machining process of horizontally arranged SS layers combined with other alloys. The SS layer resulted in a relatively uniform chip formation, while layers with two other materials exhibited a serrated chip formation. In contrast, a discontinuous chip formed when combining Al and Ti materials, as well as in the horizontally arranged layers made of Al, SS, and Ti alloys. The cutting force increased by 2.26 times when cutting workpieces with the horizontal arrangement of SS and Al layers compared to those with a single Al material. For the horizontal and vertical arrangement of layers made of Al and SS, von Mises stress values over the edge of the coated cutting tool significantly increased where the tool contacted the SS layer. Additionally, the horizontal arrangement of layers made of Al and SS materials caused the coated cutting tool to exhibit an extensive temperature distribution, with the maximum recorded temperature reaching 1448 °K. Increasing coating thickness led to a decrease in maximum principal stress at the surface of the tool and a rise in temperature at the cutting edge of the insert.
Challenging diagnosis: unveiling extensive multisystemic sarcoidosis with musculoskeletal involvement through a clinically ambiguous soft tissue mass in the palm
Authors: Weinrich Julius M. , Well Lennart 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report about a 33-year-old man who was referred for assessment of a progressively enlarging mass of the palmar hand muscles, serving as the initial indication of extensive multisystemic sarcoidosis with musculoskeletal involvement. The case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with the indolent course of sarcoidosis, highlighting the need for recognizing seemingly benign symptoms for early detection. Musculoskeletal imaging findings presented in the case stress the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of orthopedic cases. This report emphasizes the importance of understanding possible musculoskeletal imaging findings in sarcoidosis, thereby enabling radiologists to effectively guide patient management.
Distal versus proximal radial access in coronary angiography: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lueg Julia , Schulze Daniel , Stöhr Robert , Leistner David M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Distal radial access (DRA) represents a promising alternative to conventional proximal radial access (PRA) for coronary angiography. Substantial advantages regarding safety and efficacy have been suggested for DRA, but the ideal access route remains controversial.

Aims
The aim of this study was to compare safety, efficacy and feasibility of DRA to PRA.

Methods
National Library of Medicine PubMed, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials and registry studies comparing DRA and PRA that were published between January 1, 2017 and April, 2024. Primary endpoint was the rate of radial artery occlusion (RAO). Secondary endpoints were access failure, access time, procedure time, arterial spasm, hematoma, and hemostasis time. Data extraction was performed by two independent investigators. Relative risks were aggregated using a random effects model. We applied meta-analytic regression to assess study characteristic variables as possible moderators of the study effects.

Results
44 studies with a total of 21,081 patients were included. We found a significantly lower rate of RAO after DRA (DRA 1.28%, PRA 4.76%, p < .001) with a 2.92 times lower risk compared to the proximal approach (Log Risk Ratio = −1.07, p < .001). Conversely, the risk for access failure was 2.42 times higher for DRA compared to PRA (Log Risk Ratio = 0.88, p < .001).

Conclusion
In this largest meta-analysis to date, we were able to show that rates of RAO are reduced with DRA compared to conventional PRA. This suggests DRA is a safe alternative to PRA.

Graphical abstract
New analytical model for multi-layered composite plates with imperfect interfaces under thermomechanical loading
Authors: Shaat Mohamed , Gao Xin-Lin , Battentier Amandine , Massué Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA new analytical model for thermoelastic responses of a multi-layered composite plate with imperfect interfaces is developed. The composite plate contains an arbitrary number of layers of dissimilar materials and is subjected to general mechanical loads (both distributed internally and applied on edges for each layer) and temperature changes, which can vary from layer to layer and along two in-plane directions. Each layer is regarded as a Kirchhoff plate, and each imperfect interface is described using a spring-layer interface model, which can capture discontinuities in the displacement and stress fields across the interface. Unlike existing models, the governing equations and boundary conditions are simultaneously derived for each layer by using a variational procedure based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which are then combined to obtain the global equilibrium equations and boundary conditions for the multi-layered composite plate. A general analytical solution is developed for a symmetrically loaded composite square plate with an arbitrary number of layers and imperfect interfaces by using a new approach that first determines the interfacial normal and shear stress components on one interface. Closed-form solutions for two- and three-layer composite square plates are obtained as examples by directly applying the general analytical solution. Numerical results for two-, three- and five-layer composite plates under different loading and boundary conditions predicted by the current model are provided, which compare well with those obtained from finite element simulations using COMSOL, thereby validating the newly developed analytical model.