bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compulsory intergenerational family solidarity shaping choices between work and care: Perceptions of informal female carers and local policymakers in Estonia
Authors: Tarum Häli , Kutsar Dagmar 
Published: April 2017

Estonians are obliged by law to provide maintenance for family members who are unable to cope by themselves. As a result, 80% of fragile older people receive informal care. Whether this is because the carers themselves feel solidarity and choose informal caring or because they lack alternatives is the question. We applied the cultural approach for explaining the construction of compulsory family solidarity in care provision to older people through the perceptions of informal carers and policy actors. Our interest is in how filial norms framed by individual responsibilities of care provision required by law can influence (i) informal carers’ perceptions concerning their choices between work and care and (ii) impact policy actors’ perceptions concerning eldercare service provision. Analysing the empirical data produced during focus groups with female carers and interviews with policy actors, we demonstrate the triple‐fold pressure to informal caregiving as an expression of compulsory family solidarity.Key Practitioner Message: • The article demonstrates how the national Family Law Act constitutes a compulsory requirement of family solidarity in society; • The compulsory family solidarity norm influences local‐level policymaking and inhibits the development of formal care services for older people; • Informal carers’ choices between work and care are shaped by their personal filial norms, familialistic policymaking, and pressure exerted by older people.
Contrats de durée déterminée et productivité: une analyse à partir du cas des entreprises manufacturières allemandes
Authors: NIELEN Sebastian , SCHIERSCH Alexander 
Published: April 2017

RésuméLes auteurs examinent la relation entre productivité du travail et recours aux contrats de durée déterminée (CDD) à partir d'un vaste ensemble de données sur les entreprises manufacturières allemandes. Ils combinent plusieurs modèles sur données de panel et tiennent compte du biais d'autosélection potentiel. La relation en cloche attendue n'est pas démontrée, et la recherche d'une relation linéaire conduit à des coefficients généralement négatifs (et non significatifs). Les auteurs concluent qu'il n'y a pas de relation significative entre CDD et productivité et qu'une telle corrélation ne devrait plus ětre invoquée pour justifier des politiques de flexibilisation destinées à promouvoir la compétitivité des entreprises.
La dynamique de l'emploi en République de Corée: influence du travail temporaire et indépendant sur le parcours professionnel
Authors: AHN Taehyun 
Published: April 2017

RésuméLe travail temporaire et indépendant progresse par rapport à l'emploi classique (permanent) dans une bonne partie du monde développé. L'auteur examine la dynamique de cette évolution en République de Corée en analysant les décisions en matière d'emploi des classes d'âge de forte activité, par sexe. Il utilise pour cela des données de panel et un modèle logit multinomial dynamique reposant sur une spécification à effets aléatoires qui fait appel à l'analyse factorielle. Il montre que l'emploi temporaire est rarement un tremplin vers l'emploi permanent et que les indépendants sont moins susceptibles que toutes les autres catégories d'ětre sans emploi l'année suivante.
Protection de l'emploi temporaire et gains de productivité en Europe
Authors: DAMIANI Mirella , POMPEI Fabrizio , RICCI Andrea 
Published: April 2017

RésuméLes auteurs examinent les différences de productivité totale des facteurs, ou efficience, entre dix branches d'activité et quatorze pays d'Europe, sur la période 1995–2007. L'objectif est de voir, par la méthode des doubles différences, si la législation protectrice de l'emploi temporaire conditionne cette productivité. Les résultats montrent que la déréglementation de l'emploi temporaire limite les gains de productivité dans les pays d'Europe et que cette libéralisation intéresse les branches d'activité qui recourent le plus intensément au travail temporaire. En outre, les auteurs observent que cette déréglementation affecte les activités de formation et l'acquisition de qualifications spécifiques à l'entreprise.
Effet des institutions du marché du travail sur la sécurité de l'emploi chez les jeunes: une perspective dynamique
Authors: BERLOFFA Gabriella , MATTEAZZI Eleonora , SANDOR Alina , VILLA Paola 
Published: April 2017

RésuméConsidérant qu'aujourd'hui la sécurité des parcours professionnels importe plus que la stabilité dans le poste, les auteures décident d'analyser la situation des jeunes Européens sur le marché du travail cinq ans après la fin de leurs études en se fondant sur les changements de statut d'activité mensuels et sur la durée d'emploi effective. Elles montrent que près de 40 pour cent des jeunes dits «précaires» connaissent en réalité une «sécurité de l'emploi» puisqu'ils ne restent jamais très longtemps au chômage. Elles préconisent en conséquence un durcissement de la législation protectrice des travailleurs temporaires et un renforcement des politiques actives du marché du travail.
Effects of fluoride ion on the formation of earthworm‐like mesoporous silica
Authors: Yang Yuxiang , Yang Huan , Liu Lu , Li Tong , Yuan Hongmin , Ni Chaoying 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn a strong acidic environment, ordered earthworm‐like mesoporous silica has been synthesized with CTAB templating and fluoride ion (F−) as a counterion. The synthesized products were characterized by small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of F/Si mole ratio on the morphology, surface area, and the pore size of the sample were discussed. It was found that a F/Si mole ratio at 0.083 induced the formation of 3D hexagonal mesophase, whereas higher F/Si mole ratios led to the formation of 2D hexagonal mesoporous silica, the optimum molar ratio of F/Si for the formation of delicate earthworm‐like mesoporous silica was observed at 0.250. The effects of the F/Si mole ratio, surfactant chain length, acid concentration, and shear flow on morphology were also studied.
Role of Nd3+ ions on the nucleation and growth of PbS quantum dots (QDs) in silicate glasses
Authors: Park Won Ji , Kim Min Gyu , Kim Ju Eun , Wang Jing , Lee Ho Jeong , Park Chan Gyung , Heo Jong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe influence of Nd2O3 addition on the precipitation kinetics of lead chalcogenide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) in silicate glasses was investigated. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that the Nd3+ ions are preferentially located inside the PbS QDs rather than in the glass matrix. Changes in diameter (D) of PbS QDs exhibited smaller time dependencies (i.e., D≈t0.270‐0.286) than that predicted by the classical Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner (LSW) theory. This is due to the limited concentrations of Pb2+ and S2− ions and the large diffusion distance inside the glass matrix. In addition, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results indicated that the formation of PbS QDs was retarded due to the presence of Nd2O3 in the glasses, as the large NdOx polyhedra interrupt the diffusion of Pb2+ and S2− ions. We believe that these Nd3+ ions are primarily located in PbS QDs in the form of Nd–O clusters, and that the PbS QDs are built on top of these clusters.
Electric field tunable thermal stability of energy storage properties of PLZST antiferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Liu Zhen , Dong Xianlin , Liu Yun , Cao Fei , Wang Genshui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe electrical hysteresis behaviors and energy storage performance of Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.58Sn0.335Ti0.085)O3 antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics were studied under the combined effects of electric field and temperature. It was observed that the temperature dependence of recoverable energy density (Wre) of AFE ceramics depends critically on the applied electric field. While Wre at lower electric fields (<8 kV/mm) shows increasing tendency with increasing temperature from 20°C to 100°C, Wre at higher electric fields (>8 kV/mm) demonstrates decreasing dependence. There exists an appropriate electric field (8 kV/mm) under which the AFE ceramics exhibit nearly temperature‐independent Wre (the variation is less than 0.5% per 10°C). The underlying physical principles were also discussed in this study. These results indicate that the temperature dependence of Wre of AFE materials can be tuned through selecting appropriate electric fields and provide an avenue to obtain thermal stable energy storage capacitors, which should be of great interest to modern energy storage community.
Crystal structure and luminescence properties of a single‐component white‐light‐emitting phosphor Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+
Authors: Mi Ruiyu , Liu Yan‐gai , Mei Lefu , Zhao Chenglong , Chen Jian , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of novel green emission Whitlockite‐type Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+ and color tunable Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphors were prepared by the solid‐state reaction method in a reducing atmosphere. Its crystal structure and phase composition were identified by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electronic diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction Rietveld refinement, and it was found to be trigonal, belonging to R‐3c(161) space group. The luminescence properties of Eu2+ singly doped and Eu2+/Mn2+ codoped Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7 phosphors were revealed in detail. Ca8ZnLa(PO4)7:Eu2+ is excitable over a broad range from 200 to 450 nm with a prominent green emitting. With varied Eu2+/Mn2+ ratios, fine‐tune emission under 365 nm excitation can be achieved from green (0.221, 0.468) to magenta (0.391, 0.276), especially the warm white light (0.392, 0.352), and CCT 3500 K can be obtained by the process of energy transfer between Eu2+ and Mn2+. The ET mechanism in this system is managed via the dipole‐dipole interaction with the maximum energy‐transfer efficiency 82.8% based on the decay lifetime data. These results suggest that as‐prepared phosphors can serve as promising candidates of UV‐pumped w‐LEDs.
A comparative analysis of experimental selection on the stickleback pelvis
Authors: Miller S. E. , Barrueto M. , Schluter D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMechanisms of natural selection can be identified using experimental approaches. However, such experiments often yield nonsignificant effects and imprecise estimates of selection due to low power and small sample sizes. Combining results from multiple experimental studies might produce an aggregate estimate of selection that is more revealing than individual studies. For example, bony pelvic armour varies conspicuously among stickleback populations, and predation by vertebrate and insect predators has been hypothesized to be the main driver of this variation. Yet experimental selection studies testing these hypotheses frequently fail to find a significant effect. We experimentally manipulated length of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) pelvic spines in a mesocosm experiment to test whether prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), an intraguild predator of stickleback, favours longer spines. The probability of survival was greater for stickleback with unclipped pelvic spines, but this effect was noisy and not significant. We used meta‐analysis to combine the results of our mesocosm experiment with previously published experimental studies of selection on pelvic armour. We found evidence that fish predation indeed favours increased pelvic armour, with a moderate effect size. The same approach found little evidence that insect predation favours reduced pelvic armour. The causes of reduced pelvic armour in many stickleback populations remain uncertain.
Real‐World Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Individuals Aged 80 and Older with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the ReAl‐life Multicenter Survey Evaluating Stroke Study
Authors: Biteker Murat , Başaran Özcan , Doğan Volkan , Altun İbrahim , Özpamuk Karadeniz Fatma , Tekkesin Ahmet İlker , Çakıllı Yasin , Türkkan Ceyhan , Hamidi Mehmet , Demir Vahit , Gürsoy Mustafa Ozan , Tek Öztürk Müjgan , Aksan Gökhan , Seyis Sabri , Ballı Mehmet , Alıcı Mehmet Hayri , Bozyel Serdar 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical characteristics of and use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy in individuals aged 80 and older with atrial fibrillation (AF) with those of individuals younger than 80 withAFin clinical practice.DesignObservational study.SettingThe ReAl‐life Multicenter Survey Evaluating Stroke prevention strategies in Turkey trial (NCT02344901), a national observational registry.ParticipantsTurkish adults with nonvalvularAF(NVAF).MeasurementsAge data were collected at the time of entry into the registry and the octogenarian subgroup included all patients aged ≥ 80 years. We compared background and management in octogenarian with non‐octogenarian AF patients.ResultsFifty‐seven cardiology units enrolled 6,273 individuals in 3 months. Participants aged 80 and older (n = 1,170) were more likely to be female (60.7% vs 54.7%,P < .001) and had a higher prevalence of persistant or permanentAF, comorbidities, history of cerebral vascular accident, and major bleeding. As a consequence of having more comorbidities, Congestive heart failure; Hypertension; Aged 75 and older; Diabetes Mellitus; prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism; Vascular disease; Aged 65 to 74; female Sex (CHA2DS2VASc) (4.32 ± 1.35 vs 3.04 ± 1.54,P < .001) and Hypertension, Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly, Drugs or alcohol (HAS‐BLED) (2.14 ± 1.05 vs 1.54 ± 1.05,P < .001) scores were higher in those aged 80 and older. The mean time in therapeutic range of individuals who were taking warfarin was lower in those aged 80 and older (45.9 ± 27.9) than in those younger than 80 (54.7 ± 24.9%,P < .001). Anticoagulant therapy was prescribed for 74.8% of participants younger than 80% and 63% of those aged 80 and older (P < .001). HigherCHA2DS2VASc score and lowerHAS‐BLEDscore were independent predictors ofOACprescription in participants aged 80 and older.ConclusionNearly one‐fifth of individuals withNVAFin this real‐world sample were aged 80 and older. Participants aged 80 and older were more likely to be female and have more comorbidities than those who were younger than 80. Those aged 80 and older withAFwere less likely to receive anticoagulants than those who were younger than 80, but having more comorbidities and other individual‐level characteristics may explain this difference. When they were prescribedOACs, participants aged 80 and older had poorer quality of anticoagulation than those who were younger, suggesting opportunities for improvement.
Petrogenetic relations among titanium‐rich minerals in an anatectic high‐P mafic granulite
Authors: Marsh J.H. , Kelly E.D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe petrogenetic relations among Ti‐rich minerals in high‐grade metabasites is illuminated here through a detailed petrological investigation of an anatectic garnet–clinopyroxene granulite from the Grenville Province, Ontario, Canada containing rutile, titanite and ilmenite in distinct microtextural settings. Garnet porphyroblasts exhibit zoned Ti concentrations (up to 0.15 wt% TiO2 in their cores), as well as a variety of rutile inclusion types, including clusters of small, variably elongate grains and thin (≤1 μm) oriented needles. Calcite inclusions in garnet, commonly observed surrounding garnet cores containing quartz and clinozoisite, indicate the presence of evolving C–O–H fluids during garnet growth and suggest that the rutile clusters may have formed from subsequent Ti diffusion and rutile precipitation within existing fluid inclusions. Titanite forms large subhedral crystals and typically occurs where the primary garnet–clinopyroxene assemblage is in contact with leucosome containing megacrystic hornblende, silvialitic scapolite and calcic plagioclase. Many titanite crystals exhibit marginal subgrains that correspond with sharp changes in their major and trace element composition, likely related to a dissolution–precipitation or recrystallization process following primary crystallization. Clinopyroxene–ilmenite symplectite coronas surround titanite in most locations, likely forming from reaction with the hornblende‐plagioclase matrix (±fluids/melt). Integration of multi‐equilibria thermobarometry and Zr thermometry in rutile and titanite with phase equilibrium modelling allows definition of a clockwise P–T path evolving to peak pressures of ~1.5 GPa at ~750°C during garnet and rutile growth, followed by peak temperature conditions of ~1.2 GPa and ~820–880°C associated with melt‐present titanite growth, and finally cooling and decompression to regional amphibolite facies conditions (~1.0 GPa and ~750°C) associated with the formation of clinopyroxene–ilmenite symplectites surrounding titanite. P–T pseudosections calculated for the pristine (leucosome‐ and titanite ‐free) metabasite bulk composition reproduce much of the prograde phase relations, but predict rutile as the stable Ti‐rich mineral at the peak thermal conditions associated with melt‐present titanite growth. The P–M(CaO) and T–M(CaO) models show that bulk CaO concentrations have a significant effect on the stability ranges of titanite and rutile. Increased bulk CaO tends to stabilize titanite to higher pressure and temperature at the expense of rutile, with a ≥15% increase in CaO producing the observed titanite‐bearing assemblage at high‐P granulite facies conditions. Thus, the model results are consistent with the textural observations, which suggest that titanite stability is associated with a chemical exchange between the host metabasite and a Ca‐rich melt.
Fast ‘Operando’ electron nanotomography
Authors: ROIBAN L. , LI S. , AOUINE M. , TUEL A. , FARRUSSENG D. , EPICIER T. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryElectron tomography in transmission electron microscopy provides valuable three‐dimensional structural, morphological and chemical information of condensed matter at nanoscale. Current image acquisitions require at least tens of minutes, which prohibits the analysis of nano‐objects evolving rapidly such as under dynamic environmental conditions. Reducing the acquisition duration to tens of seconds or less permits to follow in 3D the same object during its evolution under varying temperatures and pressures. We report Operando Electron nanotomography using image series acquired in less than 230 seconds instead of typically 15 min in the best cases so far. The in situ calcination of silica zeolites encaging silver nanoparticles, a catalytic nanosystem of potential interest for, e.g., nuclear waste treatments or selective heterogeneous catalysis, was successfully studied. Kinetic environmental Operando 3D electron microscopy becomes possible, as well as real time observation of beam sensitive samples (polymers, biological objects) without prior preparation, which reduces their contrast and reactivity.
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase at the crossroad of intestinal health and disease – a putative role in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lassenius M. I. , Fogarty C. L. , Blaut M. , Haimila K. , Riittinen L. , Paju A. , Kirveskari J. , Järvelä J. , Ahola A. J. , Gordin D. , Härma M.‐A. , Kumar A. , Hamarneh S. R. , Hodin R. A. , Sorsa T. , Tervahartiala T. , Hörkkö S. , Pussinen P. J. , Forsblom C. , Jauhiainen M. , Taskinen M.‐R. , Groop P.‐H. , Lehto M. ,   the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with type 1 diabetes have shown an increase in circulating cytokines, altered lipoprotein metabolism and signs of vascular dysfunction in response to high‐fat meals. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) regulates lipid transport and inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We therefore hypothesized that changes in IAP activity could have profound effects on gut metabolic homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes.MethodsFaecal samples of 41 nondiabetic controls and 46 patients with type 1 diabetes were analysed for IAP activity, calprotectin, immunoglobulins and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The impact of oral IAP supplementation on intestinal immunoglobulin levels was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice exposed to high‐fat diet for 11 weeks.ResultsPatients with type 1 diabetes exhibited signs of intestinal inflammation. Compared to controls, patients with diabetes had higher faecal calprotectin levels, lower faecal IAP activities accompanied by lower propionate and butyrate concentrations. Moreover, the amount of faecal IgA and the level of antibodies binding to oxidized LDL were decreased in patients with type 1 diabetes. In mice, oral IAP supplementation increased intestinal IgA levels markedly.ConclusionDeprivation of protective intestinal factors may increase the risk of inflammation in the gut – a phenomenon that seems to be present already in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Low levels of intestinal IgA and antibodies to oxidized lipid epitopes may predispose such patients to inflammation‐driven complications such as cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy. Importantly, oral IAP supplementation could have beneficial therapeutic effects on gut metabolic homeostasis, possibly through stimulation of intestinal IgA secretion.
Early stages in the ontogeny of small B‐cell lymphomas: genetics and microenvironment
Authors: Ghia P. , Nadel B. , Sander B. , Stamatopoulos K. , Stevenson F. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying lymphomagenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma. The cells of origin of these small B‐cell lymphomas are distinct, as are the characteristic chromosomal lesions and clinical courses. One shared feature is retention of expression of surface immunoglobulin. Analysis of this critical receptor reveals the point of differentiation reached by the cell of origin. Additionally, the sequence patterns of the immunoglobulin‐variable domains can indicate a role for stimulants of the B‐cell receptor before, during and after malignant transformation. The pathways driven via the B‐cell receptor are now being targeted by specific kinase inhibitors with exciting clinical effects. To consider routes to pathogenesis, potentially offering earlier intervention, or to identify causative factors, genetic tools are being used to track pretransformation events and the early phases in lymphomagenesis. These methods are revealing that chromosomal changes are only one of the many steps involved, and that the influence of surrounding cells, probably multiple and variable according to tissue location, is required, both to establish tumours and to maintain growth and survival. Similarly, the influence of the tumour microenvironment may protect malignant cells from eradication by treatment, and the resulting minimal residual disease will eventually give rise to relapse. The common and different features of the four lymphomas will be summarized to show how normal B lymphocytes can be subverted to generate tumours, how these tumours evolve and how their weaknesses can be attacked by targeted therapies.