bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional stability, fungal resistance and mechanical properties of radiata pine after combined thermo-mechanical compression and oil heat-treatment
Authors: Dubey Manoj Kumar , Pang Shusheng , Chauhan Shakti , Walker John 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) has been investigated after thermo-mechanically compression (TMC) followed by oil heat-treatment (OHT). Wood specimens were first compressed in the radial direction then heat-treated in a linseed oil bath at 160–210°C. Spring-back percentage, water repellence efficiencies, and compression set recovery percentage were determined as indicators of dimensional stability. The resistance of treated wood against a brown rot fungi was assessed based on an accelerated laboratory fungal decay test. Strength, stiffness and hardness were determined as a function of different treatment parameters. After TMC, high compression set (39%) was achieved without any surface checks and cracks. Specimens undergoing TMC followed by OHT showed relatively less swelling and low compression set recovery under high moisture conditions. The fungal resistance of wood after TMC+OHT slightly increased compared to untreated wood and TMC wood. The mechanical properties of TMC+OHT wood were inferior to those of TMC wood.
Influence of Grain Refinement on Oxidation Behavior of Two-Phase Cu–Cr Alloys at 973–1,073 K in Air
Authors: Pan T. J. , Chen J. , He Y. X. , Wei W. , Hu J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe oxidation behavior of grain-refined Cu–7.0 Cr alloy (GR Cu–7.0 Cr) in air at 973–1,073 K was investigated in comparison with normal casting Cu–7.0 Cr alloy (CA Cu–7.0 Cr). The oxidation of CA Cu–7.0 Cr alloy nearly followed parabolic law, while the oxidation kinetics of GR Cu–7.0 Cr slightly deviated from parabolic law. Both alloys almost produced multi-layered scales consisting of the outer layer of CuO and the inner layer of mixed Cr2O3and Cu2O oxides plus internal oxidation zones of chromium. The grain-refined Cu–7.0 Cr alloy produced a more amount of Cr2O3in the inner layer of the scale, and thus was oxidized at much lower oxidation rate than that of CA Cu–7.0 Cr with normal grain size. The experimental results indicated that the differences in oxidation behavior between two alloys may be ascribed to the different size and spatial distribution of the second-phase particles and the reactive component contents in localized zone.
Il caso di Cornelio Gallo: una sfida per la propaganda augustea
Authors: Gagliardi Paola 
Published: January 2016

Riassunto
Le difficoltà e le contraddizioni tra le fonti sul processo di Gallo e le reazioni dei contemporanei alla sua morte lasciano intuire un clima politico difficile tra il 27 e il 26 a. C.: Ottaviano, dopo aver accettato un compromesso con il senato ed aver abbandonato Gallo, affrontò critiche e malumori degli amici e dei poeti. Per queste ragioni la sua propaganda cercò di deformare i fatti e minimizzare le sue colpe.
Vínculos familiares en el contexto mitraico: las inscripciones pro salute
Authors: Méndez Israel Campos 
Published: January 2016

Resumen
El mitraísmo está considerado dentro de las religiones orientales practicadas en el Imperio romano, como la que más firmemente mantuvo su rasgo mistérico. Ajeno a manifestaciones externas, desarrolló su culto dentro de los mitreos, excluyendo además a un importante sector de la población romana: las mujeres. A través de los textos epigráficos que vamos a analizar, comprobaremos que esta percepción no es tan monolítica como se piensa, sino que los propios iniciados encontraron mecanismos con lo que hacer una cierta proyección hacia afuera de sus creencias y también encontraron el medio para incluir en sus creencias a sus mujeres, hijos y demás familiares.
Burckhardt’s Age of Constantine
Authors: Barnes Timothy D. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
The recent critical edition of Jacob Burckhardt’s classic „Die Zeit Constantin’s des Großen“ by Hartmut Leppin and others is a monument of accurate scholarship. It carefully documents the changes that Burckhardt made when he revised his original text of 1852 for the new edition of 1880 which has since then been the standard text read and used by historians. Apart from Burckhardt’s belated acceptance of Lactantius’ authorship of the De Mortibus Persecutorum, which he had denied in the first edition, most of the changes were minor matters of wording and punctuation, but two substantive changes stand out as significant. (1) In 1880, developing in a more precise form the characterisation of Constantine’s relation to the Christian church by Theodor Brieger as one of complete domination, Burckhardt used the novel term „Reichskirche“ for its status under Constantine. (2) Burckhardt sharpened his critical attitude towards theurgy and spiritualism, perhaps under the influence of Robert Browning, whose dramatic monologue „Mr Sludge, ‚The Medium‘“ must have come to his attention during his visit to England in 1879.
The possible molecular regulation mechanism of CIK cells inhibiting the proliferation of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma NCL-H157 Cells
Authors: Li Dengrui , Yang Yonghui , Gao Li , Guo Sumin , Hui Li , Zhu Guiyun , Hou Hongwei , Wu Shucai 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells were isolated and proliferation from human peripheral blood and cultured in appropriate growth medium. The biological characteristics of CIK cells were further determined by the characterization of surface markers by flow cytometry. CIK cells inhibited the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma NCL-H157 cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was down-regulated in CIK cells co-cultured with NCL-H157 cells by western blotting analysis. Furthermore, in comparison with cells untreated by CIK, the NCL-H157 had a lower proliferation capacity. We proposed that the pharmacological mechanisms of NCL-H157 promoted by CIK can be estimated possibly with different biological significance that can be ascribed to down-regulated VEGF expression in vitro. The results suggest that the VEGF pathway guides developmental inhibiting of NCL-H157, and we speculate that the function of VEGF pathways is to guide NCL-H157 to inhibition by abundant CIK.
Complete remission through icotinib treatment in Non-small cell lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor mutation patient with brain metastasis: A case report
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Ruimin , Dong Zhouhuan , Liang Naichao , Chang Ping 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) has been universally recognized as a poor prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown efficacy in treating BM with an EGFR mutation. This paper reports a case of BM patient with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. According to the findings, a complete remission (CR) of the BM was achieved by icotinib treatment without conducting a radiotherapy, which was followed by a resection of the primary lung cancer lesion and lymph nodes. After one-year follow-up, the disease progressed to liver metastasis and liver lesion biopsy showed a T790M mutation. The patient responded well to the combination treatment of AZD9291 and icotinib after the failure of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). This case report suggests that icotinib has a sustainable anticancer response to BM and the combination with icotinib and AZD9291 is effective for liver metastasis with T790M.
Innate Lymphoid Cells: Roles In Tumour Genesis And Progression
Authors: Jovanovic Ivan , Gajovic Nevena , Radosavljevic Gordana , Pantic Jelena , Pejnovic Nada , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Lukic Miodrag L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent the most recently identified members of the innate immune system. These cells play important roles in inflammation, tissue remodelling and metabolic disease. ILCs can be subdivided into three major groups according to their cytokine production. The role of ILCs in tumourigenesis and tumour progression is not completely clarified. In this review, we discuss whether and how ILCs are involved in tumour genesis, growth and metastasis.
The Effects Of Two Fitness Programs With Different Metabolic Demands On Oxidative Stress In The Blood Of Young Females
Authors: Djordjevic Dusica , Tosic Jelica Stojanovic , Stefanovic Djordje , Barudzic Nevena , Vuletic Milena , Zivkovic Vladimir , Jakovljevic Vladimir 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of two metabolically different exercise programs on the redox state of women who were physically inactive before the beginning of the study. For this purpose, participants (women 25±5 years old) chose one of two popular fitness programs, Pilates or Tae Bo, and attended it 3 times a week for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, body composition analysis and venous blood sampling were performed. The levels of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation were measured in plasma, and the levels of reduced glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in erythrocytes. Only the Tae Bo program induced changes (positive) in body composition, whereas both exercise programs induced slight oxidative stress in exercisers. In the Tae Bo group, the levels of hydrogen peroxide were significantly increased, whereas the levels of reduced glutathione were decreased after three months of training. In the Pilates group, hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity were increased, and nitrites decreased. However, at the end of the study, those two groups had no significantly different values for any pro/antioxidant compared with the subjects who served as controls. This finding suggests that moderate physical activity, such as recreational fitness programs, may induce the increased production of reactive oxygen species but do not lead to a serious disturbance of the redox homeostasis of exercisers.
Fractures Of The Hamatum And Capitatum In A Child: A Case Report
Authors: Malkoc Melih , Korkmaz Ozgur , Kara Adnan , Seker Ali , Oltulu Ismail , Surucu Serkan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Fractures of the carpal bones are rarely seen in children, particularly in the first decade of life. Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal bone injuries seen during this period of life. A 5-year-old boy was referred to our clinic with right hand and wrist pain and massive swelling. The patient showed limited wrist extension and flexion with pain and swelling, but there was no neurovascular damage. Conventional X-ray and CT scans were performed. The CT results in particular showed clear non-displaced capitatum and hamatum fractures, and a short arm cast was applied. At the 18-month follow-up visit, the patient’s fractures were healed with no displacement, and full ROM was achieved with a pain-free motion.
Platinum Complexes And Their Anti-Tumour Activity Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Cells
Authors: Silconi Žana Besser , Benazic Sasa , Milovanovic Jelena , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Stojanovic Bojana , Milovanovic Marija , Kanjevac Tatjana 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Since the discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin by Rosenberg and co-workers, the use of metal complexes in cancer treatment has caused a huge interest. Today, platinum-based drugs are part of standard chemotherapy in the management of a variety of ca ncers, germ cell tumours, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Unfortunately, toxicity and drug resistance are major obstacles to wider clinical application of these drugs. Their use is greatly limited by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Although cisplatin is one of the most successful anticancer drugs to date, its biochemical mechanism of action is still unclear. Cisplatin is generally accepted as having the ability to interact with the purine bases on the DNA, causing DNA damage, interfering with DNA repair mechanisms, and subsequently inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a neoplastic B cell lymphoproliferative disease characterized by a highly variable clinical course. Clinical stage at the diagnosis and biological prognostic factors are the important predictors for survival. The Rai and Binet staging systems describe three major prognostic subgroups. Commonly used prognostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia can be divided into genotypic, DNA-level changes and phenotypic, expression-level changes. For chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, substantial progress in therapy has not been made over the past 40 years. The main goal of future scientific research is to find new platinum complexes that have better efficacy in cancer treatment, the ability to be administered orally, without developing a cancer-drug resistance, and reduced toxic side effects.
Experience Of Ocular Symptoms Among Allergic Rhinitis Patients Depending On The Type Of Aeroallergens
Authors: Velickovic Vesna , Simovic Sladjana , Sarenac Tatjana , Mihailovic Natasa , Ristic Svetlana , Zivanović Sandra 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ocular symptoms and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics in AR patients depending on sensitisation to various types of aeroallergens.
Allergic rhinitis is defined as an IgE-mediated inflammation of the lining of the nose that is characterized by nasal symptoms, including nasal congestion, sneezing, itching of nose and runny nose. Patients suffering from allergic rhinitis frequently experience ocular symptoms such as ocular redness, eye itching and tears. The frequency of ocular symptoms in our study population was 27,6%. No statistical significance was found in the mean ages of the patients who did or did not experience ocular symptoms p>0,05 (p=0,243). Our results indicated that there were no statistical differences (p>0,05) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients based on experiencing nasal symptoms according to the types of aeroallergens. Our results indicated that there were significant experiences of ocular symptoms in patients who were sensitised to outdoor aeroallergens (p<0,001) and significant sensitisation to both outdoor and indoor aeroallergens (p<0,05). Experiencing the examined ocular symptoms, including ocular redness, eye itching and tears, demonstrated highly statistical significance (p<0,001) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients who were sensitised to indoor aeroallergens and outdoor aeroallergens, and there was statistical significance (p<0,05) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients who were sensitised to indoor aeroallergens and both types of aeroallergens (indoor and outdoor).
Ocular symptoms are more common in patients who are sensitised to outdoor aeroallergens.
Appropriate Biomarkers For Oxidative Stress In Patients With End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Dejanov Petar , Dejanova Beti 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe appropriate biomarkers for oxidative stress (OS) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are important in renal pathology. Patients (56) with ESRD were investigated (35 men and 21 women). Patients, with mean age of 45±17 years, defined education, specific HD duration and calculated body mass index (BMI), were exposed to a polysulphone type HD membrane for approximately 4 hours per HD session, 3 times per week. The control group was composed of 31 healthy volunteers. The total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and the antioxidative (AO) enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were assessed. Analyses included Randox Crumlin GB; lipid peroxidation (LP) using its end product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) (fluorimetric); and a LDL-ox immunoassay (Biomedica gruppe, Vienna, Austria). The TAS was higher in ESRD patients before HD (1.63±0.1 mmol/L) compared to the control group (1.23±0.03 mmol/L).
Evaluation Of Potential Cytotoxic Effects Of Herbal Extracts
Authors: Radovanovic Ana 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Herbal medicines have played an important role in treating different diseases since ancient times. Bioactive components of medicinal plants are a good starting point for discovering new drugs such as chemotherapeutics. Currently, there are four classes of plant-derived chemotherapeutic drugs used in clinical practice. However, to discover new potential cytotoxic molecules, the research effort on herbal extracts has not diminished. The aim of this review was to evaluate the chemical constituents of plants that possess cytotoxicity, the signalling pathways responsible for this effect, and the influence of solvent polarity on potential cytotoxic effect and to present the cytotoxic activity of selected herbal extracts. The polyphenolic, anthraquinon, diterpneoid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, betulinic acid and berberine content contributes to cytotoxicity of herbal extracts. The inhibitory effect on cancer cells viability could be a consequence of the non-apoptotic processes, such as cell cycle arrestment, and the apoptotic process in tumour cells through different signalling pathways. The influence of solvent polarity on potential cytotoxic effect of herbal extracts should not be ignored. In general, the best cytotoxic activity was found in nonpolar and moderately polar herbal extracts. The herbal extract with IC50 below 30 μg/ml could be considered a very strong cytotoxic agent. Considering that many antitumor drugs have been discovered from natural products, further research on plants and plant-derived chemicals may result in the discovery of potent anticancer agents.
Potential Pro-Inflammatory Role Of VEGF In Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Zdravkovic Natasa , Jovanovic Ivan , Radosavljevic Gordana , Zdravkovic Nebojsa , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Arsenijevic Nebojsa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of p16, p53 and VEGF in affected tissue and serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β and IL-17 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and fistulating Crohn’s disease (CD). Serum levels of cytokines in patients with ulcerative colitis (n=24) and with Crohn’s disease (n=7) were analysed by ELISA. In colonoscopically obtained biopsies, p16, p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.The results of this study clearly show the predominance of pro-inflammatory type 1 and 17 immune response in patients with CD compared to those with UC. We believe that altered p16 and p53 induce enhanced VEGF expression and implicates enhanced production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6. TNF-α and IL-6 further facilitate development of type 1/17 immune response.
The Effects Of L-Arginine And L-Name On Coronary Flow And Oxidative Stress In Isolated Rat Hearts
Authors: Sobot Tanja , Matavulj Amela , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Nikolic Tamara , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejovic Ivan , Jeremic Nevena , Djuric Dragan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this experimental study was to assess the effects of the acute administration of L-arginine alone and in combination with L-NAME (a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor) on the coronary flow and oxidative stress markers in isolated rat hearts. The experimental study was performed on hearts isolated from Wistar albino rats (n=12, male, 8 weeks old, body mass of 180-200 g). Retrograde perfusion of the isolated preparations was performed using a modified method according to the Langendorff technique with a gradual increase in the perfusion pressure (40–120 cmH2O). The following values were measured in the collected coronary effluents: coronary flow, released nitrites (NO production marker), superoxide anion radical and the index of lipid peroxidation (measured as thiobarbiturate reactive substances). The experimental protocol was performed under controlled conditions, followed by the administration of L-arginine alone (1 mmol) and L-arginine (1 mmol) + L-NAME (30 μmol). The results indicated that L-arginine did not significantly increase the coronary flow or the release of NO, TBARS and the superoxide anion radical. These effects were partially blocked by the joint administration of L-arginine + L-NAME, which indicated their competitive effect. Hence, the results of our study do not demonstrate significant effects of L-arginine administration on the coronary flow and oxidative stress markers in isolated rat hearts.
Early predictors and prevention for post-stroke epilepsy: changes in neurotransmitter levels
Authors: Xie Wen-Jing , Dong Ming , Liu Qun , Meng Hong-Mei 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors and preventative treatments for post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). Methodology: Eighty-four patients who had suffered a cerebrovascular insult (within 72 hours) were recruited and divided into two groups: an EP group (patients with seizures after stroke) and a NEP group (patients without seizures after stroke). The NEP group was then subdivided into three groups: a control group, a GABA (γ-aminobutiric acid) group (received GABA orally), and a CCB group (received calcium channel blocker nimodipine orally). Patient groups were compared by gender, age, past medical history, stroke type, number of lesions, and position and stroke severity (using Scandinavian stroke scale, SSS). Forearm venous blood was sampled, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure plasma levels of neurotransmitters and Ca2+. Patients then received 14 days of drug intervention. One month after drug withdrawal, GABA, glutamate (Glu) and Ca2+ concentrations in plasma were measured again. Results: The number of previous strokes, size of infarction, presence of multiple lesions, localization to the cortex, and SSS were statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the EP group, the Glu concentration was greater and the Ca2+ concentration was lower than in the NEP group (P < 0.05). The results obtained after 1 month of therapy showed a reduction in Glu levels and an increase in GABA levels in the GABA group relative to the control NEP group (P < 0.05), while the CCB group showed a decrease in the concentration of Glu and an increase in the concentrations of GABA and Ca2+ relative to the NEP control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We identified susceptibility factors for PSE and demonstrated that GABA and calcium antagonists may have a therapeutic use in the early prevention of PSE.
Aktuelle Tendenzen des Tourismus in den österreichischen Alpen
Authors: Zimmermann Friedrich 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Die folgenden Ausführungen sollen Entwick lung und Strukturen sowie wesentliche Pro blemaspekte der touristischen Nutzung im österreichischen Alpenraum Mitte der achtziger Jahre aufzeigen, die Konsequenzen und Trends in ihren regionalen Auswirkungen beleuchten und abschließend einige Strategien für eine po sitive Zukunftsentwicklung andiskutieren.
Regionaldarwinismus - Evolution von High-Tech-Regionen
Authors: Hilpert Markus 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Up to now, there is very little empirical evidence to give support to the idea that certain factors lead to success of high-tech-regions. But among politicians, as well as scholars, there is an increasing consciousness that, beside the traditional location factors, cultural aspects continue to gain importance for a prospering regional development. For instance, these cultural factors comprise of smart co-operations and learning organisations. The questions remains, whether these cultural factors are crucial for the evolution of regional economies.