bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspended sediment delivery from small catchments to the Bay of Biscay. What are the controlling factors?
Authors: Zabaleta Ane , Antiguedad Iñaki , Barrio Irantzu , Probst Jean‐Luc 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe transport and yield of suspended sediment (SS) in catchments all over the world have long been topics of great interest. This paper addresses the scarcity of information on SS delivery and its environmental controls in small catchments, especially in the Atlantic region. Five steep catchments in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country) with areas between 56 and 796 km2 that drain into the Bay of Biscay were continuously monitored for precipitation, discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in their outlets from 2006 to 2013. Environmental characteristics such as elevation, slope, land‐use, soil depth and erodibility of the lithology were also calculated. The analysis included consideration of uncertainties in the SSC calibration models in the final suspended sediment yield (SSY) estimations. The total delivery of sediments from the catchments into the Bay of Biscay and its standard deviation was 272 200 ± 38 107 t yr.−1, or 151 ± 21 t km−2 yr.−1, and the SSYs ranged from 46 ± 0.48 to 217 ± 106 t km−2 yr.−1. Hydroclimatic variables and catchment areas do not explain the spatial variability found in SSY, whereas land‐use (especially non‐native plantations) and management (human impacts) appear to be the main factors that control this variability. Obtaining long‐term measurements on sediment delivery would allow for the effects of environmental and human induced changes on SS fluxes to be better detected. However, the data provided in this paper offer valuable and quantitative information that will enable decision‐makers to make more informed decisions on land management while considering the effects of the delivery of SS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic network activity in tinnitus investigated using functional MRI
Authors: Leaver Amber M. , Turesky Ted K. , Seydell‐Greenwald Anna , Morgan Susan , Kim Hung J. , Rauschecker Josef P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTinnitus is an increasingly common disorder in which patients experience phantom auditory sensations, usually ringing or buzzing in the ear. Tinnitus pathophysiology has been repeatedly shown to involve both auditory and non‐auditory brain structures, making network‐level studies of tinnitus critical. In this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, two resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) approaches were used to better understand functional network disturbances in tinnitus. First, we demonstrated tinnitus‐related reductions in RSFC between specific brain regions and resting‐state networks (RSNs), defined by independent components analysis (ICA) and chosen for their overlap with structures known to be affected in tinnitus. Then, we restricted ICA to data from tinnitus patients, and identified one RSN not apparent in control data. This tinnitus RSN included auditory–sensory regions like inferior colliculus and medial Heschl's gyrus, as well as classically non‐auditory regions like the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, striatum, lateral prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortex. Notably, patients' reported tinnitus loudness was positively correlated with RSFC between the mediodorsal nucleus and the tinnitus RSN, indicating that this network may underlie the auditory–sensory experience of tinnitus. These data support the idea that tinnitus involves network dysfunction, and further stress the importance of communication between auditory–sensory and fronto‐striatal circuits in tinnitus pathophysiology. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2717–2735, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Speed of saccade execution and inhibition associated with fractional anisotropy in distinct fronto‐frontal and fronto‐striatal white matter pathways
Authors: Thakkar Katharine N. , van den Heiligenberg Fiona M.Z. , Kahn R.S. , Neggers Sebastiaan F.W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFast cancellation or switching of action plans is a critical cognitive function. Rapid signal transmission is key for quickly executing and inhibiting responses, and the structural integrity of connections between brain regions plays a crucial role in signal transmission speed. In this study, we used the search‐step task, which has been used in nonhuman primates to measure dynamic alteration of saccade plans, in combination with functional and diffusion‐weighted MRI. Functional MRI results were used to identify brain regions involved in the reactive control of gaze. Probabilistic tractography was used to identify white matter pathways connecting these structures, and the integrity of these connections, as indicated by fractional anisotropy (FA), was correlated with search‐step task performance. Average FA from tracts between the right frontal eye field (FEF) and both right supplementary eye field (SEF) and the dorsal striatum were associated with faster saccade execution. Average FA of connections between the dorsal striatum and both right SEF and right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) as well as between SEF and IFC predicted the speed of inhibition. These relationships were largely behaviorally specific, despite the correlation between saccade execution and inhibition. Average FA of connections between the IFC and both SEF and the dorsal striatum specifically predicted the speed of inhibition, and connections between the FEF and SEF specifically predicted the speed of execution. In addition, these relationships were anatomically specific; correlations were observed after controlling for global FA. These data suggest that networks supporting saccade initiation and inhibition are at least partly dissociable.Hum Brain Mapp 37:2811–2822, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel multiphoton microscopy images segmentation method based on superpixel and watershed
Authors: Wu Weilin , Lin Jinyong , Wang Shu , Li Yan , Liu Mingyu , Liu Gaoqiang , Cai Jianyong , Chen Guannan , Chen Rong 
Published: April 2016

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging technique based on two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) shows fantastic performance for biological imaging. The automatic segmentation of cellular architectural properties for biomedical diagnosis based on MPM images is still a challenging issue. A novel multiphoton microscopy images segmentation method based on superpixels and watershed (MSW) is presented here to provide good segmentation results for MPM images. The proposed method uses SLIC superpixels instead of pixels to analyze MPM images for the first time. The superpixels segmentation based on a new distance metric combined with spatial, CIE Lab color space and phase congruency features, divides the images into patches which keep the details of the cell boundaries. Then the superpixels are used to reconstruct new images by defining an average value of superpixels as image pixels intensity level. Finally, the marker‐controlled watershed is utilized to segment the cell boundaries from the reconstructed images. Experimental results show that cellular boundaries can be extracted from MPM images by MSW with higher accuracy and robustness.
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Chemo‐thermo‐mechanically coupled seismic analysis of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments during a predicted Nankai Trough Earthquake
Authors: Akaki T. , Kimoto S. , Oka F. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn the present study, we have developed a numerical method which can simulate the dynamic behaviour of a seabed ground during gas production from methane hydrate‐bearing sediments. The proposed method can describe the chemo‐thermo‐mechanical‐seismic coupled behaviours, such as phase changes from hydrates to water and gas, temperature changes and ground deformation related to the flow of pore fluids during earthquakes. In the first part of the present study, the governing equations for the proposed method and its discretization are presented. Then, numerical analyses are performed for hydrate‐bearing sediments in order to investigate the dynamic behaviour during gas production. The geological conditions and the material parameters are determined using the data of the seabed ground at Daini‐Atsumi knoll, Eastern Nankai Trough, Japan, where the first offshore production test of methane hydrates was conducted. A predicted earthquake at the site is used in the analyses.Regarding the seismic response to the earthquake which occur during gas production process, the wave profiles of horizontal acceleration and horizontal velocity were not extensively affected by the gas production. Hydrate dissociation behaviour is sensitive to changes in the pore pressure during earthquakes. Methane hydrate dissociation temporarily became active in some areas because of the main motion of the earthquake, then methane hydrate dissociation brought about an increase in the average pressure of the fluids during the earthquake. And, it was this increase in average pore pressure that finally caused the methane hydrate dissociation to cease during the earthquake. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations Concerning the Maximum Filling Degree of Dangerous Goods Packagings for Hazardous Liquids
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Goedecke Thomas , Kraume Matthias 
Published: April 2016

The dangerous goods regulations UN/ADR 6.1.5.5.4 (a) prescribe a maximum filling degree for determining the test pressure for the hydraulic pressure test by real measurements. The assumption is that the maximum filling degree of the liquid phase is the worst case concerning the gauge pressure. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the filling degree on the gauge pressure.Gauge pressure measurements and calculations for different substances were carried out at different filling degrees for a steel drum and a steel jerrican (heating up from 15°C to 55°C).The assumption that the maximum filling degree is the most critical is only valid for relatively rigid packagings: If the relative expansion of the packaging is smaller than the volume increase of the liquid phase due to heating up, the gauge pressure increases with increasing filling degree.But the opposite is true for relatively flexible packagings: If the relative expansion of the packaging exceeds the relative volume expansion of the liquid, the gauge pressure increases for decreasing filling degrees. The current regulations for the hydraulic test pressure determination at a maximum filing degree do not lead to the intended safety level. For a lower level than the maximum filling degree, the prescribed safety factor of 1.5 is not respected. Under transport conditions, it is possible that the inner gauge pressure exceeds the test pressure. This can result in a failure of the packaging. There is a need to reconsider the regulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Trans-Spliced Long Noncoding RNA tsRMST Impedes Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Through WNT5A-Mediated Inhibition of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Yu Chun-Ying , Kuo Hung-Chih 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The trans-spliced noncoding RNA RMST (tsRMST) is an emerging regulatory lncRNA in the human pluripotency circuit. Previously, we found that tsRMST represses lineage-specific transcription factors through the PRC2 complex and NANOG in human pluripotent stem cells (hESCs). Here, we demonstrate that tsRMST also modulates noncanonical Wnt signaling to suppress the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Our results demonstrate that disruption of tsRMST expression in hESCs results in the upregulation of WNT5A, EMT, and lineage-specific genes/markers. Furthermore, we found that the PKC inhibitors Go6983 and Go6976 inhibited the effects of WNT5A, indicating that WNT5A promotes the EMT and in vitro differentiation although conventional and novel PKC activation in hESCs. Finally, we showed that either antiserum neutralization of WNT5A or Go6983 treatment in tsRMST knockdown cells decreased the expression of mesenchymal and lineage-specific markers. Together, these findings indicate that tsRMST regulates Wnt and EMT signaling pathways in hESCs by repressing WNT5A, which is a potential EMT inducer for promoting in vitro differentiation of hESCs through PKC activation. Our findings provide further insights into the role of trans-spliced RNA and WNT5A in hESC differentiation, in which EMT plays an important role.
Single therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) do not affect cardiac repolarization
Authors: Langenickel Thomas H. , Jordaan Pierre , Petruck Jesika , Kode Kiran , Pal Parasar , Vaidya Soniya , Chandra Priya , Rajman Iris 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Purpose
Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) is a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV) and reduced ejection fraction. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of single oral therapeutic (400 mg) and supratherapeutic (1200 mg) doses of LCZ696 on cardiac repolarization.

Method
This randomized double-blind crossover study in healthy male subjects compared the effect of therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of LCZ696 with placebo and moxifloxacin 400 mg (open-label treatment) as positive control. The primary assessment was mean baseline- and placebo-corrected QTcF (∆∆QTcF; Fridericia correction). Additional assessments included the ∆∆QTcB (Bazett’s correction), PR interval, QRS duration, heart rate (HR), LCZ696 pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships, and safety.

Results
Of the 84 subjects enrolled, 81 completed the study. The maximum upper bound of the two-sided 90 % confidence interval for ∆∆QTcF for LCZ696 400 mg and 1200 mg were <10 ms, and assay sensitivity was confirmed with moxifloxacin. No relevant treatment-emergent changes were observed in any of the ECG-derived parameters with LCZ696 or placebo, and the incidence of adverse events was comparable among the treatment groups.

Conclusion
Single therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of LCZ696 did not affect cardiac repolarization as defined by the E14 ICH guidelines.
Application of Implementation Science Methodology to Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Policy Roll-Out Across States
Authors: Rankin Kristin M. , Kroelinger Charlan D. , DeSisto Carla L. , Pliska Ellen , Akbarali Sanaa , Mackie Christine N. , Goodman David A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Purpose Providing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in the immediate postpartum period is an evidence-based strategy for expanding women’s access to highly effective contraception and for reducing unintended and rapid repeat pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the application of implementation science methodology to study the complexities of rolling-out policies that promote immediate postpartum LARC use across states. Description The Immediate Postpartum LARC Learning Community, sponsored by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), is made up of multi-disciplinary, multi-agency teams from 13 early-adopting states with Medicaid reimbursement policies promoting immediate postpartum LARC. Partners include federal agencies and maternal and child health organizations. The Learning Community discussed barriers, opportunities, strategies, and promising practices at an in-person meeting. Implementation science theory and methods, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and a recent compilation of implementation strategies, provide useful tools for studying the complexities of implementing immediate postpartum LARC policies in birthing facilities across early adopting states. Assessment To demonstrate the utility of this framework for guiding the expansion of immediate postpartum LARC policies, illustrative examples of barriers and strategies discussed during the in-person ASTHO Learning Community meeting are organized by the five CFIR domains—intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of the individuals involved, and process. Conclusion States considering adopting policies can learn from ASTHO’s Immediate Postpartum LARC Learning Community. Applying implementation science principles may lead to more effective statewide scale-up of immediate postpartum LARC and other evidence-based strategies to improve women and children’s health.
Influence of Gas Composition and Exposure Cycle on the Formation of Surface and Subsurface Oxides in Iron-Aluminum-Based Alloys at High Temperatures
Authors: Bott June H. , Yin Hogbin , Sridhar Seetharaman , Auinger Michael 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The slab reheating process of binary iron-aluminum alloys and an industrial TRIP steel grade has been investigated in both dry and wet atmospheres. The presence of water vapor has a significant effect on the overall scale growth and internal corrosion depth. Heating rate greatly influences the porosity of the surface oxide layer with the surface getting more porous at faster heating rates. Nitride formation could be suppressed in the presence of water vapor, leading to a reduction of internal corrosion depth and a better formability of the final material. Experimental results were compared to thermodynamic predictions and critically discussed.
Rashba coupling amplification by a staggered crystal field
Authors: Santos-Cottin David , Casula Michele , Lantz Gabriel , Klein Yannick , Petaccia Luca , Le Fèvre Patrick , Bertran François , Papalazarou Evangelos , Marsi Marino , Gauzzi Andrea 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in materials where relativistic effects induce non-trivial electronic states with promise for spintronics applications. One example is the splitting of bands with opposite spin chirality produced by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in asymmetric potentials. Sizable splittings have been hitherto obtained using either heavy elements, where this coupling is intrinsically strong, or large surface electric fields. Here by means of angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we give evidence of a large Rashba coupling of 0.25 eV Å, leading to a remarkable band splitting up to 0.15 eV with hidden spin-chiral polarization in centrosymmetric BaNiS2. This is explained by a huge staggered crystal field of 1.4 V Å−1, produced by a gliding plane symmetry, that breaks inversion symmetry at the Ni site. This unexpected result in the absence of heavy elements demonstrates an effective mechanism of Rashba coupling amplification that may foster spin-orbit band engineering.
Transformation of metal-organic frameworks for molecular sieving membranes
Authors: Li Wanbin , Zhang Yufan , Zhang Congyang , Meng Qin , Xu Zehai , Su Pengcheng , Li Qingbiao , Shen Chong , Fan Zheng , Qin Lei , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe development of simple, versatile strategies for the synthesis of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived membranes are of increasing scientific interest, but challenges exist in understanding suitable fabrication mechanisms. Here we report a route for the complete transformation of a series of MOF membranes and particles, based on multivalent cation substitution. Through our approach, the effective pore size can be reduced through the immobilization of metal salt residues in the cavities, and appropriate MOF crystal facets can be exposed, to achieve competitive molecular sieving capabilities. The method can also be used more generally for the synthesis of a variety of MOF membranes and particles. Importantly, we design and synthesize promising MOF membranes candidates that are hard to achieve through conventional methods. For example, our CuBTC/MIL-100 membrane exhibits 89, 171, 241 and 336 times higher H2 permeance than that of CO2, O2, N2 and CH4, respectively.
Olfactory epithelium changes in germfree mice
Authors: François Adrien , Grebert Denise , Rhimi Moez , Mariadassou Mahendra , Naudon Laurent , Rabot Sylvie , Meunier Nicolas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntestinal epithelium development is dramatically impaired in germfree rodents, but the consequences of the absence of microbiota have been overlooked in other epithelia. In the present study, we present the first description of the bacterial communities associated with the olfactory epithelium and explored differences in olfactory epithelium characteristics between germfree and conventional, specific pathogen-free, mice. While the anatomy of the olfactory epithelium was not significantly different, we observed a thinner olfactory cilia layer along with a decreased cellular turn-over in germfree mice. Using electro-olfactogram, we recorded the responses of olfactory sensitive neuronal populations to various odorant stimulations. We observed a global increase in the amplitude of responses to odorants in germfree mice as well as altered responses kinetics. These changes were associated with a decreased transcription of most olfactory transduction actors and of olfactory xenobiotic metabolising enzymes. Overall, we present here the first evidence that the microbiota modulates the physiology of olfactory epithelium. As olfaction is a major sensory modality for most animal species, the microbiota may have an important impact on animal physiology and behaviour through olfaction alteration.
Reverse Transcription Cross-Priming Amplification–Nucleic Acid Test Strip for Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Wang Feng-Xue , Yuan Dan-Yi , Jin Ya-Nan , Hu Lin , Sun Zhi-Yong , He Qian , Zhao Shi-Hua , Zhan Shu-Bai , Wen Yong-Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly transmissible coronavirus that causes a severe enteric disease particularly in neonatal piglets. In this study, a rapid method for detecting PEDV was developed based on cross-priming amplification and nucleic acid test strip(CPA-NATS). Five primers specific for the N gene sequence of PEDV were used for the cross-priming amplification. Detection of amplification products based on labeled probe primers was conducted with strip binding antibody of labeled markers. The CPA method was evaluated and compared with a PCR method. The reverse transcription CPA system was further optimized for detecting PEDV RNA in clinical specimens. Results showed that the method was highly specific for the detection of PEDV and had the same sensitivity as PCR, with detection limit of 10−6 diluted plasmid containing the target gene of PEDV. It was also successfully applied to detecting PEDV in clinical specimens. The reverse transcription CPA-NATS detection system established in this study offers a specific, sensitive, rapid and simple detection tool for screening PEDV, which can contribute to strategies in the effective control of PEDV in swine.