bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Three-dimensional Analysis of Facial Lifting Effects across Five Aesthetic Units following Continuous Radiation 115-Watt 6.78-MHz Monopolar Radiofrequency Therapy
Authors: Kim JongSeo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Modern aesthetic trends favor noninvasive facelift procedures, shifting away from traditional surgery. This study explores the three-dimensional evaluation of facial lifting across aesthetic units using the VolNewMer (VNM) device after continuous 115-W 6.78-MHz monopolar radiofrequency (RF) therapy.

Methods:
A cohort of 30 Korean women underwent VNM treatment with a detailed protocol, including energy levels, cooling techniques, and stem cell media application. Lifting amount was analyzed using a three-dimensional scanner with computer program in five specific areas, including the forehead, lateral orbital rim, mid-face, low-face, and neck areas. The changes in Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale for skin texture, tightening, and lifting were surveyed.

Results:
Immediate and sustained improvement was observed in the mid-cheeks and lower face area. The lifting amount of facial mid-cheek areas was 1.88 ± 0.76 mm, whereas the lifting amount of lower face areas was 1.79 ± 0.91, lateral orbital rim areas was 1.62 ± 0.99, forehead areas was 1.46 ± 1.26, and neck areas was 2.66 ± 1.40 mm immediately after the procedure. The lifting amount of mid-cheek areas was 1.93 ± 0.90 mm, whereas lower face areas was 1.67 ± 1.04, lateral orbital rim areas was 1.58 ± .072, forehead areas was 1.31 ± 0.73, and neck areas was 2.80 ± 0.78 mm 1 month after the procedure.

Conclusions:
RF treatment is emerging as a recommended noninvasive procedure for facial lifting. VNM-RF treatment showed a significant lifting effect immediately after the procedure, and the lifting effect continued 1 month later (P < 0.05). Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale skin texture was more satisfying 1 month later than immediately after, suggesting a potential correlation with collagen regeneration, indicating a lasting effect over time.
The Algorithmic Role of Critical Radiographic Features in the Treatment of Angioinvasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Kassotis Alexis , Coombs Allison , Matari Nahill , Lignelli Angela , Kazim Michael 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Angioinvasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is a rapidly progressive, highly morbid infection. It can be challenging to obtain an early diagnosis, but intervention in the acute period is crucial for prognosis. Previous literature has identified numerous radiographic features with high sensitivity and specificity for AIFS, even in early disease. Bedside nasal endoscopy can substantiate the diagnosis but can also yield false negative results. Initially, these patients may present to the ophthalmologist. Thus, to avoid visual and potentially life-threatening complications, subtle clinical signs in conjunction with suspicious radiographic features must be promptly recognized by the ophthalmologist and escalated appropriately. We review, for the benefit of the ophthalmic community, the salient radiographic features of AIFS and integrate them into a decision-making algorithm for diagnostic workup and management.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using a comprehensive keyword search in the Pubmed and Embase databases. English studies from 1988 to 2022 describing the radiographic features of AIFS queried. Literature on the newly described entity, COVID-19 COVID-19-associated mucormycosis was included. The authors collected the most frequently reported indicators of AIFS.

Results:
The authors review 4 radiographic findings that are frequently associated with AIFS, including in the early stages of disease: 1) loss of contrast enhancement in the nasal turbinate and maxilla (i.e., “black turbinate and maxillary sign”), (2) periantral involvement seen as changes in density, fat stranding or obliteration of the anterior, retromaxillary, or retroantral fat planes on CT, (3) Tissue invasion without bony erosion, (4) Hypointense T2W sinonasal secretions on MRI in the setting of acute sinusitis. The authors additionally propose an algorithm that suggests surgical exploration for patients with clinical concern for AIFS and these radiographic features, even if bedside nasal endoscopy is inconsistent with AIFS.

Conclusion:
The radiographic signs highlighted herein should heighten suspicion for AIFS in the appropriate clinical setting, prompting urgent surgical exploration regardless of nasal endoscopy findings.
Prediction of Spread Through Air Spaces By Intraoperative Frozen Section for Patients With cT1N0M0 Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Hang , Zheng Qiang , Deng Chaoqiang , Fu Zichen , Shen Xuxia , Jin Yan , Yang Yongguo , Qian Bin , Yuan Chunyan , Wang Weihua , Zhang Lei , Song Qingping , Zuo Shuying , Ma Junjie , You Shuqing , Zheng Senzhong , Gao Qingli , Su Guangli , Zhang Yang , Chen Haiquan , Li Yuan 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To investigate the value of intraoperative assessment of spread through air spaces (STAS) on frozen sections (FS) in peripheral small-sized lung adenocarcinoma.

Background:
Surgical decision-making based on FS diagnosis of STAS may be useful to prevent local control failure after sublobar resection.

Methods:
We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of consecutive patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma to evaluate the accuracy of FS for the intraoperative detection of STAS. The final pathology (FP) diagnosis of STAS was based on corresponding permanent paraffin sections.

Results:
This study included 878 patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 833 cases (95%) were assessable for STAS on FS. In total, 26.4% of the cases evaluated positive for STAS on FP, whereas 18.2% on FS. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FS diagnosis of STAS were 85.1%, 56.4%, and 95.4%, respectively, with moderate agreement (κ=0.575). Interobserver agreement was substantial (κ=0.756) among the 3 pathologists. Subgroup analysis based on tumor size or consolidation-to-tumor ratio all showed moderate agreement for concordance. After rigorous reassessment of false-positive cases, the presence of artifacts may be the main cause of interpretation errors. In addition, true positive cases showed more high-grade histologic patterns and more advanced p-TNM stages than false negative cases.

Conclusions:
This is the largest prospective observational study to evaluate STAS on FS in patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. FS is highly specific with moderate agreement, but is not sensitive for STAS detection. While appropriately reporting STAS on FS may provide surgeons with valuable information for intraoperative decision-making, better approaches are needed.
Treatment escalation for people with anorexia nervosa: setting, therapies and nutritional interventions
Authors: Himmerich Hubertus , Keeler Johanna Louise , Tchanturia Kate , Treasure Janet 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Adult patients with severe anorexia nervosa often receive the same unsuccessful treatment without changes regarding the setting, the therapies, or nutritional interventions.

Recent findings
Settings where people with anorexia nervosa are treated include their general practitioner, an independent psychiatric practice, a community mental health team (CMHT), a specialized eating disorder outpatient service, eating disorder early intervention services, a highly intensive eating disorder outpatient or home treatment programme, eating disorder daycare, an inpatient eating disorder service, a general hospital or a general psychiatric hospital, or residential treatment. At a specialized eating disorder service, patients should be offered evidence-based psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa, dietary advice and physical health monitoring as a first step. Additionally, they may be allocated to a specific treatment pathway, family interventions and creative therapies. As a second step, clinicians may consider integrating interventions targeting psychiatric or physical comorbidities, medication for anorexia nervosa or noninvasive neurostimulation. After several years of futile treatment, deep brain stimulation (DBS) should be considered to prevent a chronic course of anorexia nervosa. Nutritional interventions can be escalated from nutritional counselling to nasogastric tube feeding. Patients who rely on nasogastric tube feeding might benefit from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Patients who vomit despite a nasogastric tube, might need nasojejunal tube feeding.

Summary
Treatment for people with anorexia nervosa should be regularly reviewed and, if necessary, escalated to avoid a chronic and longstanding disease course.
Diurnal regulation of Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSF3) underlies daily mitochondrial lysine-malonylation and hepatic metabolism
Authors: Le Questel Enora , Besnard Charlène , Atger Florian , Foucher Yolène , Tollec Alwéna , Pakulska Victoria , Rodrigues Oliveira Arsênio , Clotteau Chloé , Gourdel Mathilde , Nemazanyy Ivan , Croyal Mikael , Coute Yohann , Jacobi David , Cariou Bertrand , Mauvoisin Daniel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCircadian rhythms are fundamental to maintaining health and are implicated in various diseases. In the liver, daily rhythms are coordinated via the interplay between feeding rhythms and the molecular circadian clock, ensuring metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of feeding rhythms can lead to circadian misalignment, contributing to metabolic disorders, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that post-translational modifications play a key role in regulating circadian functional output. In this framework, mitochondria serve as a convergence point, integrating rhythms in metabolism, feeding rhythms and the circadian clock. In the present study, we used a multi-omics approach to investigate the role of the Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSF3) in driving lysine-malonylation and in regulating daily hepatic metabolism. We found that ACSF3 expression and its mediated impact on lysine-malonylation are rhythmic and largely governed by feeding rhythms. While hepatic ACSF3 knockdown did not alter diet-induced metabolic abnormalities, our results demonstrate that ACSF3 plays a role in the diurnal regulation of liver glycogen storage,de novolipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis.
Synchrotron Tomography-Based Finite Element Analysis of Vertebral Endplate Loading Reveals Functional Roles for Architectural Features
Authors: Chen Jishizhan , Parmenter Alissa L , Sharma Aikta , Newham Elis , Bele Eral , Marussi Sebastian , Pitsillides Andrew A , Terrill Nick J , Gupta Himadri S , Lee Peter D 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLower back pain is linked to vertebral biomechanics, with vertebral endplates (VEPs) playing a key role in vertebral load transfer and distribution. Synchrotron computed tomography (sCT) allows for detailed visualisation of the microstructure of intact VEPs under near-physiological loads and, when coupled with digital volume correlation (DVC), can be used to quantify three-dimensional (3D) strain fields with nanoscale resolution. Herein, we spatially couple DVC data and an image-based finite element model (FEM) to determine the material properties of murine VEPs. This model was then extended to investigate VEP biomechanics under different motions and disease conditions to reveal that VEP protrusions are important for load absorption and redistribution under different motions and predicted that abnormal intervertebral disc (IVD) stress may underpin osteoporosis-and pycnodysostosis-related IVD degeneration. Our study validates the efficacy of using DVC to increase the accuracy of FEM predictions and highlights that these methodologies may be scalable to large animals and humans.
Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Manganese-Associated Parkinsonism: a Case-Control Study in Brescia, Italy
Authors: Lewis Freeman , Shoieb Daniel , Azmoun Somaiyeh , Colicino Elena , Jin Yan , Chi Jinhua , Gu Haiwei , Placidi Donatella , Padovani Alessandro , Pilotto Andrea , Pepe Fulvio , Turla Marinella , Crippa Patrizia , Wang Xuexia , Lucchini Roberto G 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExcessive Manganese (Mn) exposure is neurotoxic and can cause Mn-Induced Parkinsonism (MnIP), marked by cognitive and motor dysfunction. Although metabolomic and lipidomic research in Parkinsonism (PD) patients exists, it remains limited. This study hypothesizes distinct metabolomic and lipidomic profiles based on exposure status, disease diagnosis, and their interaction.MethodsWe used a case-control design with a 2×2 factorial framework to investigate the metabolomic and lipidomic alterations associated with Mn exposure and their link to PD. The study population of 97 individuals was divided into four groups: non-exposed controls (n=23), exposed controls (n=25), non-exposed with PD (n=26) and exposed with PD (n=23). Cases, defined by at least two cardinal PD features (excluding vascular, iatrogenic, and traumatic origins), were recruited from movement disorder clinics in four hospitals in Brescia, Northern Italy. Controls, free from neurological or psychiatric conditions, were selected from the same hospitals. Exposed subjects resided in metallurgic regions (Val Camonica and Bagnolo Mella) for at least 8 continuous years, while non-exposed subjects lived in low-exposure areas around Lake Garda and Brescia city. We conducted untargeted analyses of metabolites and lipids in whole blood samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS), followed by statistical analyses including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares–Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Two-Way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).ResultsMetabolomic analysis revealed modulation of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (Impact=0.05, p=0.001) associated with disease effect; butanoate metabolism (Impact=0.03, p=0.004) with the exposure effect; and vitamin B6 metabolism (Impact=0.08, p=0.03) with the interaction effect. Differential relative abundances in 3- sulfoxy-L-Tyrosine (β=1.12, FDR p<0.001), glycocholic acid (β=0.48, FDR p=0.03), and palmitelaidic acid (β=0.30, FDR p<0.001) were linked to disease, exposure, and interaction effects, respectively. In the lipidome, ferroptosis (Pathway Lipids=11, FDR p=0.03) associated with the disease effect and sphingolipid signaling (Pathway Lipids=9, FDR p=0.04) associated with the interaction effect were significantly altered. Lipid classes triacylglycerols, ceramides, and phosphatidylethanolamines showed differential relative abundances associated with disease, exposure, and interaction effects, respectively.DiscussionThese findings suggest that PD and Mn exposure induce unique metabolomic and lipidomic changes, potentially serving as biomarkers for MnIP and warranting further study.
Changing dynamics ofAedes aegyptiinvasion and vector-borne disease risk for rural communities in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Fikrig Kara , Noriega Arnold O. , Rodriguez Rosa A. , Bardales John , Rivas José , Reyna Becker , Izquierdo Guido , Morrison Amy C. , Harrington Laura C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAedes aegypti,the primary vector of dengue virus, is predominantly considered an urban mosquito, especially in the Americas, where its reemergence began in cities after the end of continent-wide eradication campaigns. The results of our study diverge from this narrative, demonstrating the recent and widespread rural invasion ofAe. aegyptialong major shipping routes in the northern Peruvian Amazon between the major cities of Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas. We identifiedAe. aegyptipopulations in 29 of 30 sites surveyed across a rural to urban gradient and characterized mosquito larval habitats andAe. aegyptiadult metrics. Households, regardless of community size, were more likely to be positive forAe. aegyptiadult(s) and had a higher number ofAe. aegyptiadults if a mosquito larval habitat was identified on the property, compared to houses without a larval habitat. In multiple instances, adultAe. aegyptiindices in rural villages were equal to or greater than indices in dengue-endemic cities, suggesting the entomological risk level in some rural areas is sufficient to sustain dengue transmission. Fourteen rural sites were sampled in transects from the community river port into town. In seven of these sites, houses closer to the port were significantly more likely to be infested withAe. aegyptiadults than houses further from the ports, and four additional sites had a marginal relationship to the same effect. This pattern suggests that many rural sites are invaded via adultAe. aegyptidisembarking from boats at the port, finding nearby oviposition sites, and advancing stepwise into town. The existence of the pattern also suggests that many of the sites are still experiencing active invasion, with sections of towns stillAe. aegypti-free. Only one site shows a strong signal of invasion via the egg or larval stage, with a focus ofAe. aegyptifar removed from the port. The widespread infestation ofAe. aegyptiin rural areas is a major public health threat given the far distance of communities to hospital care. It is important to implement control measures now before the mosquito gains a stronger foothold in zones of active invasion.
Running against the clock: describing microbial diversity in an extremely endangered microbial oasis in the Chihuahuan desert
Authors: Rodriguez-Cruz Ulises E. , Ochoa-Sánchez Manuel , Eguiarte Luis E. , Souza Valeria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCuatro cienegas Basin (CCB) is an extraordinary diverse oasis that is dying in front of our eyes. The Churince system disappeared completely in 2016 and the poza named for its amazing diversity, Archaean Domes, disappeared in 2023. However, there could be groundwater water connections between sites, allowing to dispersal of taxa as well as the survival of microbial lineages in the deep aquifer Herein, we explore whether there is microbial connectivity across sites in the oasis of CCB, located in the Chihuahuan Desert, in the Northern state of Coahuila in Mexico. We focused first on two distinct aquatic system within CCB that are ∼4700 meters apart on the Eastern lobe of the basin: Pozas Rojas –a preserved system characterized by several unique ponds surrounding a deep lagoon, and the now extinct Archean Domes (AD)--noted for its extreme salinity, as well as anoxic and methane-rich conditions. We sequenced the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from samples of Pozas Rojas (PR), and of two different features in AD: orange circles (C) and dome-shaped structures (D). Additionally, we utilized whole-genome metagenomic data from different samples from AD site (from the years 2016 to 2023). Second, we compared metagenomes obtained from the now extinct Churince (samples from 2012 to 2014) in the West lobe of the basin, with the Easter side. Our results revealed taxa common to different sites, includingHalanaerobiumsp. andDesulfovermiculussp., that are prevalent across samples from PR and AD, and shared between AD and Churince, suggesting that those genera are core to the deep aquifer.Moreover, during the eight years of sampling, AD exhibited a substantial decline in microbial diversity. Possibly, this decline, as well as Churince demise, is due to anthropogenic disturbances of the deep aquifer due to overexploitation for alfalfa irrigation. Diversity in metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) decreasing from 125 MAGs in 2016 to only 22 in 2023. Our study supports the hypothesis of the importance of groundwater as a fundamental microbial reservoir and connector among CCB ponds. Therefore, the regulation of extraction of such aquifer is paramount.
Bias from heritable confounding in Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Sanderson Eleanor , Rosoff Dan , Palmer Tom , Tilling Kate , Smith George Davey , Hemani Gibran 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) is an approach to causal inference that utilises genetic variants to obtain estimates of the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome in the presence of unobserved confounding. MR relies on a set of assumptions to obtain unbiased effect estimates, one of these assumptions is that there is no pathway from the genetic variants to the outcome that does not act through the exposure. Increasing genome-wide association study (GWAS) sample sizes for the exposure enables discovery of instrumental variables with smaller effect sizes. We illustrate through simulations how smaller effect sizes could arise from genetic variants that act through traits that have greater liability to confound an exposure-outcome relationship. When such genetic variants are selected as instruments this can bias the MR effect estimate obtained from that instrument in the same direction as the confounded observational association but with larger magnitude. Through simulation we illustrate how the total bias of the MR estimates increases across a range of standard MR estimation methods increases as the proportion of the genetic instruments that are associated with the confounder increases. However, if such heritable confounders are known and can be instrumented, the confounder free effect estimate can be obtained through applying a pre-estimation filtering to standard MR methods, removing instruments that explain more variation in that confounder than the exposure, or by estimating effects through multivariable MR. We highlight the potential for SNPs identified in GWAS to be associated with potential confounders through examination of a recent GWAS of C-Reactive Protein. Finally, we illustrate our approach through estimation of the causal effect of age at menarche on type 2 diabetes, hypothesising that the MR effect estimate may be biased by confounding due to the inclusion of genetic variants associated with early life adiposity as instruments.