bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Patient‐Reported Information to Improve Clinical Practice
Authors: Schlesinger Mark , Grob Rachel , Shaller Dale 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo assess what is known about the relationship between patient experience measures and incentives designed to improve care, and to identify how public policy and medical practices can promote patient‐valued outcomes in health systems with strong financial incentives.Data Sources/Study SettingExisting literature (gray and peer‐reviewed) on measuring patient experience and patient‐reported outcomes, identified from Medline and Cochrane databases; evaluations of pay‐for‐performance programs in the United States, Europe, and the Commonwealth countries.Study Design/Data CollectionWe analyzed (1) studies of pay‐for‐performance, to identify those including metrics for patient experience, and (2) studies of patient experience and of patient‐reported outcomes to identify evidence of influence on clinical practice, whether through public reporting or private reporting to clinicians.Principal FindingsFirst, we identify four forms of “patient‐reported information” (PRI), each with distinctive roles shaping clinical practice: (1) patient‐reported outcomes measuring self‐assessed physical and mental well‐being, (2) surveys of patient experience with clinicians and staff, (3) narrative accounts describing encounters with clinicians in patients' own words, and (4) complaints/grievances signaling patients' distress when treatment or outcomes fall short of expectations. Because these forms vary in crucial ways, each must be distinctively measured, deployed, and linked with financial incentives. Second, although the literature linking incentives to patients experience is limited, implementing pay‐for‐performance systems appears to threaten certain patient‐valued aspects of health care. But incentives can be made compatible with the outcomes patients value if: (a) a sufficient portion of incentives is tied to patient‐reported outcomes and experiences, (b) incentivized forms of PRI are complemented by other forms of patient feedback, and (c) health care organizations assist clinicians to interpret and respond to PRI. Finally, we identify roles for the public and private sectors in financing PRI and orchestrating an appropriate balance among its four forms.ConclusionsUnless public policies are attentive to patients' perspectives, stronger financial incentives for clinicians can threaten aspects of care that patients most value. Certain policy parameters are already clear, but additional research is required to clarify how best to collect patient narratives in varied settings, how to report narratives to consumers in conjunction with quantified metrics, and how to promote a “culture of learning” at the practice level that incorporates patient feedback.
In‐Depth Analysis of Computer Memory Acquisition Software for Forensic Purposes
Authors: McDown Robert J. , Varol Cihan , Carvajal Leonardo , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe comparison studies on random access memory (RAM) acquisition tools are either limited in metrics or the selected tools were designed to be executed in older operating systems. Therefore, this study evaluates widely used seven shareware or freeware/open source RAM acquisition forensic tools that are compatible to work with the latest 64‐bit Windows operating systems. These tools' user interface capabilities, platform limitations, reporting capabilities, total execution time, shared and proprietary DLLs, modified registry keys, and invoked files during processing were compared. We observed that Windows Memory Reader and Belkasoft's Live Ram Capturer leaves the least fingerprints in memory when loaded. On the other hand, ProDiscover and FTK Imager perform poor in memory usage, processing time, DLL usage, and not‐wanted artifacts introduced to the system. While Belkasoft's Live Ram Capturer is the fastest to obtain an image of the memory, Pro Discover takes the longest time to do the same job.
Eggs of Ephestia kuehniella and Ceratitis capitata, and motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Carpoglyphus lactis as factitious foods for Orius spp.
Authors: Bonte Jochem , Van de Walle Anaïs , Conlong Des , De Clercq Patrick 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSeveral factitious foods were assessed for rearing the anthocorid predators Orius thripoborus (Hesse) and Orius naivashae (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in the laboratory. Developmental and reproductive traits of both Orius species were examined when offered frozen eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, frozen processed eggs of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, or mixed motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) or Carpoglyphus lactis (L). Whereas C. lactis and T. putresecentiae proved to be an inferior food for rearing O. thripoborus and O. naivashae, eggs of C. capitata fully supported development and reproduction of both predators. Results on medfly eggs were similar or slightly inferior to those on E. kuehniella eggs, which is the standard food for culturing these anthocorid bugs. O. thripoborus could be maintained for 4 consecutive generations on C. capitata eggs indicating that processed medfly eggs can be a suitable and cheaper alternative to E. kuehniella eggs for prolonged rearing of these Orius spp.
SIMR: an R package for power analysis of generalized linear mixed models by simulation
Authors: Green Peter , MacLeod Catriona J. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

The r package simr allows users to calculate power for generalized linear mixed models from the lme4 package. The power calculations are based on Monte Carlo simulations.

It includes tools for (i) running a power analysis for a given model and design; and (ii) calculating power curves to assess trade‐offs between power and sample size.

This paper presents a tutorial using a simple example of count data with mixed effects (with structure representative of environmental monitoring data) to guide the user along a gentle learning curve, adding only a few commands or options at a time.
Failure to Obtain Computed Tomography Imaging in Head Trauma: A Review of Relevant Case Law
Authors: Lindor Rachel A. , Boie Eric T. , Campbell Ronna L. , Hess Erik P. , Sadosty Annie T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives were to describe lawsuits against providers for failing to order head computed tomography (CT) in cases of head trauma and to determine the potential effects of available clinical decision rules (CDRs) on each lawsuit.MethodsThe authors collected jury verdicts, settlements, and court opinions regarding alleged malpractice for failure to order head CT in the setting of head trauma from 1972 through February 2014 from an online legal research tool (WestlawNext). Data were abstracted onto a standardized data form. The performance of five CDRs was evaluated.ResultsSixty relevant cases were identified (52 adult, eight children). Of 48 cases with known outcomes, providers were found negligent in 10 cases (six adult, four pediatric), settled in 11 cases (nine adult, two pediatric), and were found not liable in 27 cases. In all 10 cases in which providers were found negligent, every applicable CDR studied would have indicated the need for head CT. In all eight cases involving children, the applicable CDR would have suggested the need for head CT or observation.ConclusionsA review of legal cases reported in a major online legal research system revealed 60 lawsuits in which providers were sued for failing to order head CTs in cases of head trauma. In all cases in which providers were found negligent, CT imaging or observation would have been indicated by every applicable CDR.
Optimizing Patient‐centered Communication and Multidisciplinary Care Coordination in Emergency Diagnostic Imaging: A Research Agenda
Authors: Sabbatini Amber K. , Merck Lisa H. , Froemming Adam T. , Vaughan William , Brown Michael D. , Hess Erik P. , Applegate Kimberly E. , Comfere Nneka I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPatient‐centered emergency diagnostic imaging relies on efficient communication and multispecialty care coordination to ensure optimal imaging utilization. The construct of the emergency diagnostic imaging care coordination cycle with three main phases (pretest, test, and posttest) provides a useful framework to evaluate care coordination in patient‐centered emergency diagnostic imaging. This article summarizes findings reached during the patient‐centered outcomes session of the 2015 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference “Diagnostic Imaging in the Emergency Department: A Research Agenda to Optimize Utilization.” The primary objective was to develop a research agenda focused on 1) defining component parts of the emergency diagnostic imaging care coordination process, 2) identifying gaps in communication that affect emergency diagnostic imaging, and 3) defining optimal methods of communication and multidisciplinary care coordination that ensure patient‐centered emergency diagnostic imaging. Prioritized research questions provided the framework to define a research agenda for multidisciplinary care coordination in emergency diagnostic imaging.
Cost‐effectiveness of motivational intervention with significant others for patients with alcohol misuse
Authors: Shepard Donald S. , Lwin Aung K. , Barnett Nancy P. , Mastroleo Nadine , Colby Suzanne M. , Gwaltney Chad , Monti Peter M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimsTo estimate the incremental cost, cost‐effectiveness and benefit–cost ratio of incorporating a significant other (SO) into motivational intervention for alcohol misuse.DesignWe obtained economic data from the one year with the intervention in full operation for patients in a recent randomized trial.SettingThe underlying trial took place at a major urban hospital in the United States.ParticipantsThe trial randomized 406 (68.7% male) eligible hazardous drinkers (196 during the economic study) admitted to the emergency department or trauma unit.InterventionThe motivational interview condition consisted of one in‐person session featuring personalized normative feedback. The significant other motivational interview condition comprised one joint session with the participant and SO in which the SO's perspective and support were elicited.MeasurementsWe ascertained activities across 445 representative time segments through work sampling (including staff idle time), calculated the incremental cost in per patient of incorporating an SO, expressed the results in 2014 US$, incorporated quality and mortality effects from a closely related trial and derived the cost per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained.FindingsFrom a health system perspective, the incremental cost per patient of adding an SO was $341.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) = $244.44–437.74]. The incremental cost per year per hazardous drinker averted was $3623 (CI = $1777–22 709), the cost per QALY gained $32 200 (CI = $15 800–201 700), and the benefit–cost ratio was 4.73 (95% CI = 0.7–9.66). If adding an SO into the intervention strategy were concentrated during the hours with highest risk or in a trauma unit, it would become even more cost‐beneficial.ConclusionsUsing criteria established by the World Health Organization (cost‐effectiveness below the country's gross domestic product per capita), incorporating a significant other into a patient's motivational intervention for alcohol misuse is highly cost‐effective.
Results of radical surgery in women with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer
Authors: Derks Marloes , Biewenga Petra , van der Velden Jacobus , Kenter Gemma G. , Stalpers Lukas J.A. , Buist Marrije R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionThere is ongoing discussion about the primary treatment of women with bulky early‐stage cervical cancer. Because of the high number of patients who need adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy after initial surgical treatment, some state that primary (chemo)radiotherapy should be the treatment of choice to prevent morbidity. The aim of our study is to assess the results of radical surgery for women with bulky early‐stage cervical cancer in terms of recurrence patterns and survival.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study. We included 129 women who underwent a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer between 1984 and June 2010. Disease‐specific survival was measured using a Kaplan–Meier method and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors associated with survival. A literature search was performed to analyze our data in the context of findings from the literature.ResultsFive‐year disease‐specific survival was 84%. Fifty percent of the women received adjuvant treatment. The pelvic recurrence rate was 8%. With our multivariate analysis we found that histology, tumor diameter, and parametrial involvement were independently associated with disease‐specific survival. Our literature search showed wide diversity in rates of adjuvant treatment after initial surgery as well as for survival and recurrence rates.ConclusionsIn the context of current knowledge about survival and side effects of various treatments for bulky early‐stage cervical cancer, radical surgery is a good treatment option in these patients. Depending on the type of surgery used, adjuvant radiotherapy can be minimized.
Immunocytochemical localization of sulfhydryl oxidase in mammalian epidermis suggests that the enzyme cross‐links keratins in the granular and transitional corneous layers
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe epidermis of representative mammalian species including humans has been examined for the presence of sulfhydryl oxidase, an enzyme likely involved in the oxidation of corneous proteins containing sulfhydryl groups in the epidermis. A database search indicates that the enzyme shares common sequences in numerous mammalian species so that an antibody against the human sulfhydryl oxidase 2 has been utilized on other species. The immunofluorescent study on the epidermis of the platypus (monotreme), red kangaroo (marsupials), hamster and human (placentals) reveals a prevalent labelling in the granular, transitional and lowermost part of the stratum corneous layer. The detailed ultrastructural immunogold study of the human epidermis reveals a diffuse and uneven labelling in the paler component of the composite keratohyalin granules or among keratin filaments of the transitional layer while the labelling disappears in the corneous layer. The study supports the hypothesis of the participation of the enzyme in the oxidative process that determines the formation of stable disulphide groups among keratins and other corneous proteins of the stratum corneum. This process gives rise to the resistant cell corneous envelope of keratinocytes in addition to the isopeptide bonds that derive from the catalytic action of epidermal transglutaminase on several corneous proteins.
Antidepressants and antipsychotics classified with torsades de pointes arrhythmia risk and mortality in older adults ‐ a Swedish nationwide study
Authors: Danielsson Bengt , Collin Julius , Jonasdottir Bergman Gudrun , Borg Natalia , Salmi Peter , Fastbom Johan 
Published: November 2015

AimThe aim of the study was to examine mortality risk associated with use of antidepressants and antipsychotics classified with torsades de pointes (TdP) risk in elderly.MethodsA matched case–control register study was conducted in people 65 years and older dying outside hospital from 2008–2013 (n = 286 092) and matched controls (n = 1 430 460). The association between prescription of antidepressants and antipsychotics with various TdP risk according to CredibleMeds (www.crediblemeds.org) and all‐cause mortality was studied by multivariate conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidity and several other confounders.ResultsUse of antidepressants classified with known or possible TdP risk, was associated with higher adjusted risk for mortality (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.51, 1.56 and OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.61, 1.67, respectively) compared with antidepressants classified with conditional TdP risk (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.22, 1.28) or without TdP classification (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94, 1.05). Antipsychotics classified with known TdP risk were associated with higher risk (OR 4.57, 95% CI 4.37, 4.78) than antipsychotics with possible risk (OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.52, 2.64) or without TdP classification (OR 2.14, 95% CI 2.03, 2.65). The following risk ranking was observed for commonly used antidepressants: mirtazapine > citalopram > sertraline > amitriptyline and for antipsychotics: haloperidol > risperidone >olanzapine > quetiapine.ConclusionThe CredibleMeds system predicted drug‐associated risk for mortality in the elderly at the risk class level. Among antipsychotics, haloperidol, and among antidepressants, mirtazapine and citalopram, were associated with the highest risks. The results suggest that the TdP risk with antidepressants and antipsychotics should be taken into consideration when prescribing to the elderly.
4β‐hydroxycholesterol correlates with dose but not steady‐state concentration of carbamazepine: indication of intestinal CYP3A in biomarker formation?
Authors: Gjestad Caroline , Huynh Duy Khanh , Haslemo Tore , Molden Espen 
Published: November 2015

Aim4β‐hydroxycholesterol (4βOHC) is an endogenous CYP3A(4) biomarker, which is elevated by use of the CYP3A4 inducer carbamazepine. Our aim was to compare to what extent serum concentration of 4βOHC correlates with dose (presystemic exposure) and steady‐state concentration (systemic exposure) of carbamazepine.MethodsThe study was based on a therapeutic drug monitoring material, including information about daily doses and steady‐state concentrations (Css) of carbamazepine. 4βOHC concentrations were determined in residual serum samples of 55 randomly selected carbamazepine‐treated patients and 54 levetiracetam‐treated patients (negative controls) by UPLC‐APCI‐MS/MS after liquid–liquid extraction. Correlation analyses between 4βOHC concentration and daily dose and Css of carbamazepine, respectively, were performed by Spearman's tests. In addition, 4βOHC concentrations in females vs. males were compared in induced and non‐induced patients.ResultsMedian 4βOHC concentration was ~10‐fold higher in carbamazepine‐ vs. levetiracetam‐treated patients (650 vs. 54 nmol l−1, P < 0.0001). There was a significant, positive correlation between carbamazepine dose and 4βOHC concentration (Spearman r = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27, 0.72, P < 0.001). No significant correlation between carbamazepine Css and 4βOHC concentration was found (Spearman r = 0.14; 95% CI −0.14, 0.40, P = 0.3). Enzyme‐induced females had significantly higher 4βOHC concentrations than males (P < 0.001), while no significant gender difference was found in non‐induced patients (P = 0.52).ConclusionSerum concentrations of 4βOHC correlate with presystemic, but not systemic exposure of the CYP3A4 inducer carbamazepine. This suggests a stronger inductive effect of carbamazepine on presystemic than systemic CYP3A4 phenotype and might indicate a role of the intestine in 4βOHC formation. Moreover, CYP3A4 inducibility seems to be higher in females than males.
Cardiovascular Drugs and Metformin Drug Dosage According to Renal Function in Non‐Institutionalized Elderly Patients
Authors: Becquemont Laurent , Bauduceau Bernard , Benattar‐Zibi Linda , Al‐Salameh Abdallah , Berrut Gilles , Bertin Philippe , Bucher Sophie , Corruble Emmanuelle , Danchin Nicolas , Derumeaux Geneviève , Doucet Jean , Falissard Bruno , Forette Francoise , Hanon Olivier , Pasquier Florence , Pinget Michel , Ourabah Rissane , Piedvache Celine 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAdaptation of drug dosage to kidney function is a common problem in general practice. The aim was to describe adaptation of cardiovascular drugs and metformin according to renal function and its association with mortality with regard to metformin in a cohort of elderly patients. This was an ancillary study to the S.AGES cohort made up of patients over 65 years of age managed by their general practitioner under real‐life conditions and followed up prospectively for 3 years. The medications studied were digoxin, spironolactone and metformin. Adaptation of their daily dose according to renal function (eGFR according to CKD/EPI) was compared to that recommended in the summaries of product characteristics (SPCs) or international scientific societies (ISS). A total of 900 patients were included, including 588 on metformin. At baseline, dose adjustment according to renal function was 100% and 87.6% (95% CI: 82.6–92.6) for patients on digoxin and spironolactone respectively. For metformin, only 71.3% (95% CI: 67.6–74.9) or 78.1% (95% CI: 74.7–81.4) of patients had their dosage adapted at inclusion according to their renal function depending on whether the SPCs or ISS recommendations were considered. During the 3‐year follow‐up period, 42/588 patients died (none from lactic acidosis). At inclusion, a metformin dosage not adapted for renal function according to ISS was not associated with an increase in all‐cause mortality (OR 1.7; 95% CI 0.6–5.0, p = 0.32). In conclusion, approximately one‐quarter of elderly patients treated with metformin do not have their dosage adapted for renal function according to ISS although there is no increase in mortality after follow‐up for 3 years.
Acetaminophen for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review on Efficacy
Authors: Ennis Zandra Nymand , Dideriksen Dorthe , Vægter Henrik Bjarke , Handberg Gitte , Pottegård Anton 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAcetaminophen (paracetamol) is the most commonly used analgesic worldwide and recommended as first‐line treatment in all pain conditions by WHO. We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the efficacy of acetaminophen when used for chronic pain conditions. Applying three broad search strategies for acetaminophen use in chronic pain in both Embase and PubMed, 1551 hits were obtained. After cross‐reference searches of both trials and 38 reviews, seven studies comparing acetaminophen in continuous dosing regimens of more than 2 weeks with placebo were included. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. All studies were conducted in patients with hip‐ or knee osteoarthritis and six of seven studies had observation periods of less than 3 months. All included studies showed no or little efficacy with dubious clinical relevance. In conclusion, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of acetaminophen treatment in patients with chronic pain conditions. Assessment of continuous efficacy in the many patients using acetaminophen worldwide is recommended.