bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into hydrologic and hydrochemical processes based on concentration‐discharge and end‐member mixing analyses in the mid‐Merced River Basin, Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Liu Fengjing , Conklin Martha H. , Shaw Glenn D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBoth concentration‐discharge relation and end‐member mixing analysis were explored to elucidate the connectivity of hydrologic and hydrochemical processes using chemical data collected during 2006–2008 at Happy Isles (468 km2), Pohono Bridge (833 km2), and Briceburg (1873 km2) in the snowmelt‐fed mid‐Merced River basin, augmented by chemical data collected by the USGS during 1990–2014 at Happy Isles. Concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) in streamflow was dominated by a well‐defined power law relation, with the magnitude of exponent (0.02–0.6) and R2 values (p < 0.001) lower on rising than falling limbs. Concentrations of conservative solutes in streamflow resulted from mixing of two end‐members at Happy Isles and Pohono Bridge and three at Briceburg, with relatively constant solute concentrations in end‐members. The fractional contribution of groundwater was higher on rising than falling limbs at all basin scales. The relationship between the fractional contributions of subsurface flow and groundwater and streamflow (F‐Q) followed the same relation as C‐Q as a result of end‐member mixing. The F‐Q relation was used as a simple model to simulate subsurface flow and groundwater discharges to Happy Isles from 1990 to 2014 and was successfully validated by solute concentrations measured by the USGS. It was also demonstrated that the consistency of F‐Q and C‐Q relations is applicable to other catchments where end‐members and the C‐Q relationships are well defined, suggesting hydrologic and hydrochemical processes are strongly coupled and mutually predictable. Combining concentration‐discharge and end‐member mixing analyses could be used as a diagnostic tool to understand streamflow generation and hydrochemical controls in catchment hydrologic studies.
Distribution of Honors Grades Across Fourth‐year Emergency Medicine Clerkships
Authors: Hall Matthew M. , Dubosh Nicole M. , Ullman Edward 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundMedical student grades during emergency medicine (EM) rotations are a key factor in resident selection. The variability in grading among EM clerkships is not well understood.ObjectiveThe objective was to describe the current grade distribution of fourth‐year EM clerkships.MethodsThis was an observational study at an EM residency program. We identified grade distributions by reviewing the standard letter of evaluation from individuals applying to our residency program for the 2016 match. Descriptive statistics of proportions, standard deviations (SDs), and p‐values were calculated.ResultsA total of 1,075 applications from 236 individual clerkships were reviewed. Thirty‐four programs did not give an honors grade during the previous year. Four of these programs distributed a highest grade of “high pass” and 30 gave only “pass” and/or “fail.” Of the remaining 202 programs, the percentage of grades that were given as honors ranged from 1% to 87% with a mean (±SD) of 25% (±17.2%). Of the 202 programs that granted honors grades, 63 (31.2%) sites gave between 1 and 14.9% honors grades, 69 (34.2%) gave 15% to 29.9% honors grades, 27 (13.4%) gave 30% to 44.9% honors grades, and 24 (11.9%) programs granted honors to greater than 45% of their students. Medical schools required an EM rotation at 82 (40.6%) sites. Among these programs, honors grades were given to 24% (±16.7%) of students with a range of 4% to 85% while programs that did not require clerkships gave a mean (±SD) of 26% (±17.5%) with a range of 1% to 87% and a p‐value of 0.54.ConclusionsHonor grade distribution varies markedly across U.S. fourth‐year EM clerkship sites. Requiring EM clerkships does not affect honor percentages. A minority of sites only give pass/fail grades. Program directors should consider this marked variation in grades when reviewing EM residency applications.
A Synthetic Hybrid Molecule for the Selective Removal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cell Mixtures
Authors: Mao Di , Ando Shin , Sato Shin‐ichi , Qin Ying , Hirata Nao , Katsuda Yousuke , Kawase Eihachiro , Kuo Ting‐Fang , Minami Itsunari , Shiba Yuji , Ueda Kazumitsu , Nakatsuji Norio , Uesugi Motonari 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA major hurdle in stem cell therapy is the tumorigenic risk of residual undifferentiated stem cells. This report describes the design and evaluation of synthetic hybrid molecules that efficiently reduce the number of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in cell mixtures. The design takes advantage of Kyoto probe 1 (KP‐1), a fluorescent chemical probe for hiPSCs, and clinically used anticancer drugs. Among the KP‐1–drug conjugates we synthesized, we found an exceptionally selective, chemically tractable molecule that induced the death of hiPSCs. Mechanistic analysis suggested that the high selectivity originates from the synergistic combination of transporter‐mediated efflux and the cytotoxicity mode of action. The present study offers a chemical and mechanistic rationale for designing selective, safe, and simple reagents for the preparation of non‐tumorigenic clinical samples.
5,5′‐Diazaisoindigo: an Electron‐Deficient Building Block for Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Lu Yang , Liu Yi , Dai Ya‐Zhong , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Un Hio‐Ieng , Liu Si‐Wei , Shi Ke , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA novel electron‐deficient building block, 5,5′‐diazaisoindigo (5DNIID), was synthesized through a facile method in good yield. As a derivative of isoindigo, 5DNIID shows an ultra‐low LUMO level of −3.92 eV after incorporation of two electron‐deficient nitrogen atoms into the para‐position of the amine groups in the isoindigo π skeleton. Modified polymerization conditions were applied to efficiently afford the donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymer 5DNIID‐2T, which exhibited a p‐type charge transport property.
The effect of glutamate on ghrelin release in mice
Authors: Chacrabati Rakhi , Gong Zhi , Ikenoya Chika , Kondo Daisuke , Zigman Jeffrey M. , Sakai Takafumi , Sakata Ichiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGhrelin is abundantly produced in the stomach. Here, we found that glutamate decreased ghrelin expression and release in ghrelin‐producing cells, and decreased levels of food intake and plasma acyl‐ghrelin in mice. Treatment with siRNA of G protein‐coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member B (GPRC5B) in ghrelin‐producing cell lines completely blocked the effect of glutamate‐induced ghrelin suppression. In addition, glutamate inhibited ghrelin release via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activity pathway, and stimulated CREB2 mRNA expression in ghrelin‐producing cell lines. These results suggest that glutamate inhibits ghrelin release via ERK‐CREB2 pathway. These results suggest that the GPRC5B‐ERK‐CREB2 pathway is involved in the inhibition of ghrelin expression and secretion in ghrelin cells.
Selective Oxidation of Methane to Methanol over ZSM‐5 Catalysts in Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide: Role of Formaldehyde
Authors: Al‐Shihri Saeed , Richard Christian J. , Chadwick David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe selective oxidation of methane in aqueous hydrogen peroxide over ZSM‐5 catalysts with different Si/Al ratios has been investigated. Methyl hydroperoxide was confirmed as the initial product of methane oxidation by a study of product distribution versus reaction time in agreement with previous work. Formaldehyde was identified as an intermediate in the oxidation reaction pathway from MeOOH to formic acid and ultimately CO2. Hydrogen evolution during the oxidation of methane is reported for the first time. Oxidation of the HCHO intermediate to formic acid was demonstrated to be the source of the evolved hydrogen. HCHO appeared to be the source of low levels of soluble polyoxomethylene. Higher productivity of liquid oxygenated products is reported compared to previous work.
σ‐Alkyl‐PdII Species for Remote C−H Functionalization
Authors: Mehta Vaibhav P. , García‐López José‐Antonio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe transition‐metal‐directed C−H activation processes have traditionally required the installation of suitable coordinating groups to place the metal in close proximity to an specific neighboring or remote C(sp2)‐H or C(sp3)‐H moiety of the molecular structure. Alternatively, substitution of C−H bonds at positions previously thought inaccessible are now performed through domino processes via in situ generated σ‐alkyl‐PdII species. This Concept article highlights on recent developments which utilize these σ‐alky‐PdII‐species for remote C−H functionalization to reinvigorate new C−C bond formation in cascade fashion via use of catalytic palladium metal.
Electrophoretic Deposition of MnOx@Carbon Nanotubes Film with Nest‐Like Structure as High‐Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Yang Yang , Wang Jing , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA binder‐free nest‐like structured MnOx@carbon nanotubes anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) was prepared through a facile electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Through the EPD process, both MnO2 nanowires and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as starting materials, were interwoven tightly to form a uniform co‐deposited film, possessing a nest‐like architecture. After annealing the film under an inert atmosphere, the MnO2 nanowires transformed into Mn3O4 and MnO, as confirmed by the X‐ray diffraction patterns. The nest‐like electrode formed a porous and integrated conductive framework and provided the buffer space for the volume change of manganese oxides during cycling processes. As a result, this MnOx@CNTs electrode exhibited excellent cycling performance with a reversible capacity of 1152.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a superior cycling stability with 88.0 % capacity retention at 1 A g−1 after 200 cycles.
“Trojan Horse” Effect in Photocatalysis–How Anionic Silver Impurities Influence Apparent Catalytic Activity
Authors: Kaufhold Simon , Petermann Lydia , Sorsche Dieter , Rau Sven 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe problematic consequences of using silver carbene precursors for the synthesis of NHC‐complexes is elucidated with the example of dinuclear Ru–Rh/Ir photocatalysts. The presence of silver in the products is proven and an alternative silver‐free synthetic approach successfully implemented. A significant difference in performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions of catalysts generated by the different strategies is observed.
Form Matters: Stable Helical Foldamers Preferentially Target Human Monocytes and Granulocytes
Authors: Del Secco Benedetta , Malachin Giulia , Milli Lorenzo , Zanna Nicola , Papini Emanuele , Cornia Andrea , Tavano Regina , Tomasini Claudia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSome hybrid foldamers of various length, all containing the (4R,5S)‐4‐carboxy‐5‐methyloxazolidin‐2‐one (d‐Oxd) moiety alternating with an l‐amino acid (l‐Val, l‐Lys, or l‐Ala), were prepared in order to study their preferred conformations and to evaluate their biological activity. Surprisingly, only the longer oligomers containing l‐Ala fold into well‐established helices, whereas all the other oligomers give partially unfolded turn structures. Nevertheless, they all show good biocompatibility, with no detrimental effects up to 64 μm. After equipping some selected foldamers with the fluorescent tag rhodamine B, a quantitative analysis was performed by dose– and time–response fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) assays with human HeLa cells and primary blood lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes. Among the cell types analyzed, the oligomers associated with monocytes and granulocytes with greatest efficacy, still visible after 24 h incubation. This effect is even more pronounced for foldamers that are able to form stable helices.
Sensation loss after superficial parotidectomy: A prospective controlled multicenter trial
Authors: Grosheva Maria , Shabli Sami , Volk Gerd Fabian , Sommer Barbara , Ludwig Laura , Finkensieper Mira , Wittekindt Claus , Klussmann Jens Peter , Guntinas–Lichius Orlando , Beutner Dirk 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hypoesthesia after superficial parotidectomy depending on preservation of posterior branch of the great auricular nerve (GAN).MethodsThis prospective, controlled, double blind, multicenter trial included 130 patients. The posterior branch was preserved in 93 patients (GAN group), and ligated in 33 patients (non‐GAN group). In 4 patients, GAN status was unknown. Included patients underwent sensory testing (TouchTest) and subjective evaluation at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.ResultsBetter improvement of sensation was present in the GAN group. After 12 months, 59% of the patients in the GAN‐group showed positive test results in the lobule, versus 24% of the non‐GAN group (p = .013). Additionally, after 24 months, 71% of the patients in the GAN‐group showed a positive test in the antitragus, versus 31% in the non‐GAN group (p = .045). Hypoesthesia equally limited quality of life in both groups (all p > .05).ConclusionPreservation of the posterior branch of the GAN led to significantly better improvement of sensation in the lobule and antitragus, and should be recommended during parotidectomy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 520–526, 2017
Fatal Pulmonary Embolism in Puerperal Ovarian Vein Thrombophlebitis
Authors: Caterini Herik , Pelosi Marco , Sama Jahir , Langer Alvin , Devanesan Mona 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCaterini, H., Pelosi, M., Sama, J., Langer, A. and Devanesan, M. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Jersey Medical School, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, N.J., USA).
Observations on Structural Alterations of Terminal Hairs in Hirsute Women
Authors: Bercovici B. , Nebel L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBercovici, B. and Nebel, L. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hebrew University – Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, and Dept. of Embryology & Teratology, Tel‐Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, “SHEBA” Medical Center, Tel‐Hashomer, Israel).
Laparoscopic Sterilization in the Puerperium: A Review of International Experience
Authors: Keith Louis 
Published: January 2017

Keith, L. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill. and the Prentice Women's Hospital and Maternity Center, Chicago, Ill., USA). Laparoscopic sterilization in the Puerperium: a review of international experience.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 407–410, 1976.The feasibility of using laparoscopic techniques for puerperal sterilization has been demonstrated on three continents. While the operation is not suggested to replace all other methods of puerperal sterilization, it is advantageous in selected situations.
Contraceptive Efficacy of Two Different Metals Using a Modified Seven Vector
Authors: Medel Mario , Zipper Jaime , Dabancens Alfredo , Thomas Michael 
Published: January 2017

Medel, M., Zipper, J., Dabancens, A. and Thomas, M. (Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, and Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sotero del Rio Hospital, Puente Alto, Chile, and International Fertility Research program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA). Contraceptive efficacy of two different metals using a modified seven vector.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14:494–498, 1976.Early studies with copper suggested that few improvements in overall IUD performance could be obtained with the use of more than 200 mm2 of copper. Thus, the use of other metals paired with copper has been investigated. This report of two studies of the small Copper‐7, one with zinc and the other with copper alone, suggests that the addition of zinc in the superior position of the small Cu‐7 decreases the incidence of pregnancy and that the small Cu‐7 may be associated with higher retention rates than the standard Cu‐7.
Fetal Heart Rate and Fetal Movements
Authors: Yaffe Haim , Beyth Yoram , Laufer Neri , Sadovsky Eliahu 
Published: January 2017

Yaffe, H., Beyth, Y., Laufer, N. and Sadovsky, E. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah‐University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel). Fetal heart rate and fetal movements.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 525–528, 1976.Fetal Heart Rate (F.H.R.) in association with fetal movement was evaluated in 141 normal and pathological pregnancies. In the normal cases only 31 % showed an acceleration of F.H.R. in association with fetal movement. The majority of the normal cases, 62%, did not demonstrate changes in F.H.R. in association with fetal movement. In the pathological pregnancies there were no characteristic changes in F.H.R. associated with fetal movement. It appears that F.H.R. acceleration associated with fetal movement cannot be used as an index for fetal well being.
Serum Naphthylamidase Isoenzymes during Hormonal Treatment
Authors: Beckman G. , Beckman L. , Damber M.‐G. , Helgason S. , Lundgren E. , von Schoultz B. 
Published: January 2017

Beckman, G., Beckman, L., Damber, M.‐G., Helgason, S., Lundgren, E. and von Schoultz, B. (Departments of Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Pathology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden). Serum naphthylamidase isoenzymes during hormonal treatment. Electrophoretic and quantitative studies.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 550–552, 1976.Alterations in serum naphthylamidase isoenzymes were studied by electrophoretic and quantitative methods in women treated with oral contraceptives and women treated with naturally occurring conjugated estrogens for climacteric symptoms. In women treated with oral contraceptives the appearance of extra isoenzyme components was accompanied by a distinct and significant increase in the total serum naphthylamidase activity, whereas in treatment with conjugated estrogens no such increase was found. The result suggests that combined oral contraceptives and natural estrogens affect the serum naphthylamidase pattern in different ways.
Hysteroscopic Sterilization
Authors: Quiñones Rodolfo , Alvarado Alberto , Ley Eligio 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis report describes and evaluates the techniques of tubal electrocoagulation and the instillation of quinacrine into the uterine cavity performed under hysteroscopic control. The technique of hysteroscopic electrocoagulation is simple and is performed as an outpatient procedure. Patients usually leave the clinic 20 min after the procedure and can resume their normal activities the same day. In a series of 930 hysteroscopic electrocoagulation procedures, tubal occlusion was obtained in 82.7% of the patients after the first electrocoagulation and in an additional 15.5% of the patients after a second electrocoagulation. Methods of cervical dilatation, uterine distension, techniques of electrocoagulation, and the importance of continuing an additional contraceptive method until tubal occlusion can be demonstrated are discussed. The use of quinacrine for tubal occlusion has not been successful and the procedure has been discontinued. Problems with quinacrine instillation are presented and the possibilities for successful modification of the procedure are discussed.
The Aging of Gametes, Heteroploidy, and Embryonic Death
Authors: Bomsel‐Helmreich Ondine 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTExperimental evidence obtained from amphibians as well as from mammals reveals what role the aging process of gametes plays in the pathogenesis of reproductive wastage in virtually all animals. The data indicate that senescence may affect gametes of both sexes and that it may occur both before and after ovulation and ejaculation respectively. A wide range of reproductive abnormalities may be caused by time‐related phenomena including fetal developmental and chromosome defects, twinning, abortion and possibly others. The pathological mechanism of these anomalies, as reflected in the experimental findings, is discussed in some detail.
Long‐term Use Effectiveness of the CU‐7‐200 IUD
Authors: Zipper J. , Medel M. , Osorio A. , Goldschmith A. , Edelman D. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCopper‐containing IUDs have been demonstrated to be as good, if not better, than other presently used inert devices. There is, however, no consensus on the duration of contraceptive effectiveness of copper‐containing IUDs. The long‐term contraceptive effectiveness of one copper‐containing IUD, the CU‐7‐200 Gravigard®, is evaluated in this report on 514 patients. IUDs were inserted in the intermenstrual period and patients were followed up for as long as 63 months. The probability of pregnancy, expulsion, or removal for medical reasons did not increase with increasing duration of IUD use, but instead appeared to slightly decrease with increasing duration of IUD use. The results of this study indicate that the CU‐7‐200 continues to be an effective contraceptive for at least five years after insertion.
Oral Pyogenic Granuloma as a Complication of Pregnancy and the Use of Hormonal Contraceptives
Authors: Mussalli N. G. , Hopps Rosamund M. , Johnson N. W. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTen examples of oral pyogenic granuloma occurring during pregnancy and oral contraceptive therapy are presented in order to illustrate the effects on oral tissues of altered levels of female sex hormones. The mechanisms of these effects are discussed and it is concluded that pyogenic granulomata represent an exaggerated response to local irritants, especially dental plaque, which can in most cases be controlled by adequate oral hygiene procedures.
Amniotic Fluid Embolism: A Review of the Literature with Two Case Reports
Authors: Lalos Othon , von Schoultz Bo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAmniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare but dramatic obstetric complication. In this study, the pathogenesis of AFE and the disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis and postmortem gross pathologic and histologic findings resulting from it are reviewed.The 2 case histories examined in this report exemplify different clinical courses of amniotic fluid embolism. In the first case, there was a predominant activation of the coagulation system, with a fatal outcome. In the second case, generalized fibrinolysis dominated, and the woman survived. Finally, the authors wish to emphasize that the administration of fibrinogen is an incorrect approach to the management of this syndrome. A combination of Macrodex® and heparin might be effective in preventing the formation of microthrombi, but increased fibrinolysis has to be treated by a sufficiently high dose of fibrinolytic inhibitors.
The Risk of Post‐Pill Amenorrhea: A Preliminary Report from the Menstruation and Reproduction History Research Program
Authors: Berger Gary S. , Taylor Robert N. , Treloar Alan E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMenstrual cycle lengths prior to and after oral contraceptive use were prospectively recorded for 245 women. In this preliminary study, a difference in the distributions in the pre‐ and post‐pill cycle lengths was observed. An increase of 5 days in the median cycle length occurred after oral contraceptive use had been discontinued. Although there was an approximately twofold relative risk of amenorrhea of 90 days' duration or more after discontinuing pill use, the differences in the rates of amenorrhea between the pre‐pill and post‐pill cycles were not statistically significant.