bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using at least 20% medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is associated with improved patient‐reported outcome measures across all knee arthroplasty patients
Authors: Møller Julie Kristine Steen , Bunyoz Kristine Ifigenia , Henkel Cecilie , Bredgaard Jensen Christian , Gromov Kirill , Troelsen Anders 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of orthopaedic surgeons' arthroplasty distributions on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) following knee arthroplasty, thus addressing the gap in knowledge regarding the optimal distribution of arthroplasties.Methods2256 knee arthroplasties were included (total knee arthroplasty [TKA] or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty [UKA]). All were conducted at a single centre between August 2016 and August 2022 with a minimum of 1‐year follow‐up. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and the Activity and Participation Questionnaire (APQ) were assessed preoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Patients were categorized based on the surgeons' yearly surgeries: (1) TKA only, (2) TKA+ <20% medial UKA, (3) TKA+ ≥20% medial UKA and (4) TKA+ ≥20% medial UKA + lateral UKA + patellofemoral UKA. Linear regression models adjusted for demographic variables and preoperative PROM scores were used to estimate changes in mean PROM scores.ResultsGroup 4 showed significantly higher improvements in PROM scores at 3 and 12 months compared to Group 1. In the 12‐month adjusted analysis, Group 4 had 1.9 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–2.8) higher OKS‐, 7.0 points (95% CI: 3.9–10.2) higher FJS‐ and 8.3 points (95% CI: 4.8–11.8) higher APQ‐change than Group 1. There were no significant differences between Groups 1 and 2, nor any clinically relevant differences between Groups 3 and 4. Additionally, the percentage of patients who achieved excellent OKS (>41) was significantly higher in Groups 3 + 4 compared to Groups 1 + 2 (p < 0.001).ConclusionDespite limitations, the findings of this study suggest that utilizing ≥20% medial UKA leads to greater postoperative improvements in PROM across all treated knee arthroplasty patients.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Health and Reflux Management: Insights from a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Osafo Neil K. , Bock Jonathan M. , Blumin Joel H. , Adams Jazzmyne A. , Friedland David , Luo Jake 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the correlation of social determinants of health (SDOH) with the general care patterns related to gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux. Determine correlation of SDOH on utilization rates for medication, reflux testing and surgical intervention for patients diagnosed with reflux. Describe overall care patterns for gastroesophageal reflux disease care at a tertiary academic facility.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPatient demographics (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance status) were extracted for adults diagnosed with reflux between 2009 and 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between sociodemographic factors and reflux treatment pathways were determined by chi‐square analyses.ResultsA total of 143,786 patients were evaluated during the study period with a diagnosis code of reflux. A subgroup of 40,754 patients had objective reflux testing including Bravo, dual pH‐impedance, manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and esophagram, but no significant difference in utilization rates was found. A total of 239 patients who failed medical management underwent fundoplication. White (OR 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–3.70) and female (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.79) patients were more likely to undergo fundoplication than Black (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.70) and male (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.95) patients. Patients with private insurance (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23–2.04) were more likely to undergo fundoplication than those with public insurance (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50–0.84). Male patients were less likely to undergo fundoplication (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.98) among patients evaluated for reflux with EGD.ConclusionsSDOH correlate with patterns of reflux evaluation and management at our tertiary care center.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 2024
Designing a Nasal Lining‐Framework Complex for Reconstructing Total Nasal Defects
Authors: Yu Bao‐Fu , Wei Shu‐Yi , Chen Xiao‐Xue , Wang Zi , Zhu Hai‐Jun , Zhang You‐Lai , Liu Jia , He Jin‐Guang , Dai Chuang‐Chang , Wei Jiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the feasibility of an innovative nasal lining‐framework complex (NLFC) for reconstructing total nasal defects.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThis NLFC is composed of forearm flap and support framework. Twenty‐four patients were followed up for a minimum of 17 months in 5 centers. Patients' medical history data were retrospectively analyzed. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of surgeons and patients was used to evaluate the aesthetic effects and self‐satisfaction. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire and Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire were used for functional assessment.ResultsReconstruction surgeries were all successfully completed. The flaps healed well in all patients, and there were no signs of ischemic necrosis. The healing time of the wound was 10 to 14 days, except for 1 case with infection. The nasal lining was reconstructed and no significant contracture was observed. The average VAS of surgeons was 4.29 ± 0.69 (range 3‐5). The mean VAS score of patients was 3.75 ± 0.79 (range 2‐5). There was a significant positive correlation between patients' and surgeons' VAS scores (P = .007, r = .5355). The results of the NOSE questionnaire showed that all patients had no obvious ventilation restriction, and only 3 patients mildly felt that the nasal inspirations were slightly insufficient during exercise or exertion. The mean ROE of the patients was 21 ± 1.96 (range 18‐25).ConclusionThis NLFC is suitable for total nasal reconstruction, which can provide effective support to prevent flap collapse and retraction and ensure good nasal ventilation.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, therapeutic study.
A deep learning model optimized by Bayesian Optimization with Hyperband for fast prediction of the elastic properties of 3D tubular braided composites at different temperatures
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Li Huimin , Ge Lei , Zheng Lei , Tang Zijia , Zhao Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) tubular braided composites are widely used in various industries due to their excellent mechanical properties and lightweight characteristics. However, traditional numerical and experimental methods face challenges in predicting mechanical properties quickly and accurately due to factors such as ambient temperature, component materials, and geometric parameters. To address this issue, this paper combines deep neural networks (DNN) and two‐scale finite element analysis to accelerate the solution speed. The dataset is first obtained through a two‐scale finite element model with temperature based on micro‐CT. Then, the mapping model of macroscopic compression elastic properties and the influencing factors of material properties is established by DNN and Bayesian Optimization with Hyperband (BOHB) hyperparameter optimization algorithm. The rapid prediction of axial compression elastic properties of 3D tubular braided composites under different ambient temperatures, component materials, porosities, braiding angles and fiber volume contents is achieved. Finally, the accuracy of the predicted results of the constructed model is verified by experiments.Highlights
A BOHB optimized deep learning model coupled with a finite element framework is proposed
Fast prediction of elastic properties of 3D tubular braided composites at different temperatures
The accuracy of the prediction results of the constructed model is verified by experiments
Predictors of Poststroke Fatigue in Stroke Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Asran Alshimaa , Orabi Marwa , Elshamly Samir , Negm Mohamed , Osama Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPoststroke fatigue (PSF) is a common, underestimated sequel of stroke that affects the quality of life of patients. In this study, the authors investigate the prevalence of PSF in three equal groups: control, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Some of the multidimensional factors that predict PSF are examined, and the implications for improvement of stroke management are highlighted.
What Is the Relationship Between Social Cognition and PTSD?
Authors: Wiseman Chantelle 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPTSD is a disorder caused by trauma, but trauma does not explain fully why some individuals develop PTSD and others do not. Difficulties in social cognition (the ability to recognize the emotions, actions and intentions in oneself and others) have been hypothesized as a risk factor for PTSD. However, trauma exposure and PTSD have also been suggested to impair social cognition. This article explores the evidence for the relationship between social cognition and PTSD and also addresses areas for further research.
Peak Experience and the Insula in Health and Illness
Authors: Nicholson Simon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree major neural networks exist in the human central nervous system—the executive function network, the default mode network and the salience network. A key component of the latter is the insula. The insula and associated structures is implicated in peak experiences such as romantic love, profound spirituality and engagement with the arts which can impart to those experiencing them a sublime sense of connection with something beyond themselves which helps give their lives meaning. This mental state can also occur in rare neuropsychiatric disorders; here, Dr Nicholson explores the research.
Crystal Evolution of Amorphous Poly(lactic acid) During Simultaneous Multi‐step Tensile Deformation and Annealing
Authors: Kajornprai Todsapol , Sringam Jiradet , Seejuntuek Anucha , Kaewsuwan Dechmongkhon , Kamonsutthipaijit Nuntaporn , Chio‐Srichan Sirinart , Suppakarn Nitinat , Trongsatitkul Tatiya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe cold‐crystallization and crystal evolution of amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are analyzed during multistep tensile deformation and annealing at 70°C using in situ synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) measurements. The 2D‐WAXS diffraction pattern reveals that the PLA crystalline structure forms perpendicular to the draw direction. The annealing process lets to a rearrangement of the crystalline structure, while the stretching causes crystal contraction. Both WAXS and FTIR analyses confirm that the crystals developed through stretching and annealing are in the α′‐form. The crystallinity of PLA increases with higher deformation strains and longer annealing times. The orientation degree of both crystalline and amorphous phases of PLA, as indicated by the Hermans orientation factor and dichroic ratio of 956 cm−1 band (evaluated by WAXS and polarized FTIR analysis, respectively) also increase. The enhanced cold‐crystallization ability of PLA is attributed to the synergistic effect of tensile deformation and annealing, rather than either technique alone. The unusual crystallization phenomenon observed during multistep tensile deformation coupled with annealing provides valuable insights into the crystallization and crystal evolution of PLA.
Suicide in Gynecological and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Simonetti Alessio , Ferrara Ottavia Marianna , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Bernardi Evelina , Restaino Antonio , Moccia Lorenzo , Camardese Giovanni , Mazza Marianna , Scambia Giovanni , Sani Gabriele 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesDepression and suicide rates are high among cancer sufferers. Women with breast and gynecological cancer show high levels of distress, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and anxiety. Understanding suicide rates and risk factors in this population would represent a viable tool in planning tailored, prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to estimate suicide rate and identify the determinants of suicide risk in women with breast and other gynecologic cancer.MethodsA systematic research was performed in PubMed and PsycINFO from anytime to September 26, 2023. The following search strategy was used: (Gynaecol* OR Gynecolog*) AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumor OR neoplas* OR malignan*) AND suicid*. In this review, we adhered to PRISMA statement.ResultsNine papers met inclusion criteria. Women with breast or gynecological cancers showed higher suicide rates compared to the general population. Ovarian cancer was associated with higher suicide risk and suicidal ideation compared to other gynecological cancers. The extent of surgical demolition was positively associated with both. Psychological factors, such as self‐perceived burden and alexithymia, might also influence suicidal thinking.ConclusionsWomen with breast and gynecological cancer are at high risk of suicide. Intervention aimed to reduce burden related to psychological factors might help reducing such risk.
Dyspnea and nocturnal cough due to esophageal diffuse leiomyomatosis in a girl with hematuria
Authors: Park Sun Woo , Lee Minjeong , Kang Hee Gyung , Moon Jin Soo , Kim Hyun‐Young , Park Ji Soo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 7‐year‐old girl with hematuria and clinical suspicion of Alport syndrome (AS) presented with dyspnea and nocturnal cough, initially diagnosed and treated as asthma. Despite inhaled corticosteroid therapy, her symptoms persisted, and spirometry indicated obstructive lung function without bronchodilator response. Chest CT revealed diffuse thickening of the esophageal wall, tracheal compression, with involvement of the gastric cardia, suggestive of diffuse leiomyomatosis. Subsequent genetic reanalysis confirmed the presence of a contiguous deletion of COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes, solidifying the diagnosis of AS. Diffuse leiomyomatosis, a rare benign neoplasm associated with AS, typically manifests as dysphagia, but in this case, it presented initially with asthma‐like symptoms. This case emphasizes the importance of imaging when asthma treatment fails, particularly in patients with coexisting conditions of another system.
Local Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiratory for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy and Breaking Chemoresistance in Hypoxia
Authors: Huang Baoxuan , Zhu Mengting , Cui Zepeng , Chen Suwen , Huang Gang , Tian Jia , Zhang Weian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe hypoxic condition in solid tumors induces therapy resistance, limited therapeutic efficacy, and tumor recurrence, especially for chemotherapy and aerobic photodynamic therapy (PDT). To address this matter, an O2 regulator (SNP@Ato) is designed for breaking chemoresistance and enhancing PDT, which is constructed by loading Atovaquone (Ato) through self‐assembly and host‐guest interaction between β‐cyclodextrin functionalized tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP‐CD4) and thioketal‐linked camptothecin/azobenzene (Azo‐TK‐CPT). Specifically, the porphyrin units in SNP@Ato are in “Off state” due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect between the porphyrin units and azobenzene. After encountering the hypoxic condition in solid tumors, SNP@Ato is dissociated by the cleaved azobenzene on account of over‐expressed azo‐reductase. Then the mitochondrial respiratory of cancer cells would be suppressed with the participation of Ato, generating a local hypoxia relief for sensitized chemotherapy and enhanced PDT. Accompanied by efficient PDT, the TK linker is broken by ROS, and the CPT is released from the prodrugs. Compared with the SNP group without oxygen‐regulator, SNP@Ato exhibits a remarkable improvement of the therapeutic effect against hypoxic tumors in vitro and in vivo. This work proposes a novel paradigm for overcoming hypoxia‐induced therapeutic resistance.
Decrypting Synergy of Alloy & Metal Nanoparticles Within Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets for Zn‐Air Batteries with Ultralong Cycling Stability
Authors: Qing Baoyu , Liu Yijiang , Yang Duanguang , Yang Mei , Liu Bei , Chen Hongbiao , Li Huaming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe exploration of efficient, robust, and low‐cost bifunctional electrocatalysts to drive the commercial application of Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) is of great significance but still remains a challenge. Herein, a 1D coordination polymer (1D‐CP) derived FeNi alloy & Co nanoparticles (NPs) co‐implanted N‐doped carbon nanosheets (FNC/NCS) is judiciously crafted and employed as a high‐performance electrocatalyst for ultralong lifetime ZABs. The key to this strategy is the leveraging of metal‐coordinated melamine to direct the pyrolysis of 1D‐CP, enabling the in situ formation of well‐dispersed FeNi alloy and Co NPs within the carbon matrix. The resulting FNC/NCS exhibits prominent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with a small overall oxygen potential difference (ΔE = 0.68 V). Density functional theory (DFT) simulation demonstrates that the synergistic effect between FeNi alloy and Co NPs can reduce energy barriers, promote electron transfer, and optimize the formation of crucial intermediates, thereby largely boost ORR/OER activity of FNC/NCS. The FNC/NCS‐assembled ZABs possess high specific capacity, large power density, and ultralong cycling life in both aqueous (> 3300 h) and solid‐state (150 h) electrolytes. This work provides a viable strategy for 1D‐CP‐derived bifunctional electrocatalysts and dissects the synergistic effect between different metal species, affording significant guidance for the development of renewable energy materials.
Inequality and public opinion on military spending in the United States
Authors: Lee Hak‐Seon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, I argue that increasing inequality should have an impact on public opinion which balances the impact of military spending in the United States. Using the so‐called “guns versus butter trade‐off” argument, I show that, as inequality increases between those at a lower income level and those at the upper end of income, the public may view social spending as too small and military spending as too large. In response, the public should act less favorably to expenditure on the military. An empirical test of the effect of inequality on public support (since the 1980s) of military spending, in which I employ public opinion data, confirms my expectations: widening inequality engenders a negative impact on public support for defense expenditures.
Addressing E-Participation Barriers with Design Thinking
Authors: Mariani Ilaria , Mortati Marzia , Rizzo Francesca , Deserti Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the application of design thinking in enhancing e-participation by aligning DT practices with identified barriers to participation. The chapter discusses practical strategies for leveraging DT to address issues such as digital illiteracy and lack of engagement, providing a framework for implementing more effective and inclusive e-participation initiatives.
Flux quantization on M5-branes
Authors: Giotopoulos Grigorios , Sati Hisham , Schreiber Urs 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We highlight the need for global completion of the field content in the M5-brane sigma-model analogous to Dirac’s charge/flux quantization, and we point out that the superspace Bianchi identities on the worldvolume and on its ambient supergravity background constrain the M5’s flux-quantization law to be in a non-abelian cohomology theory rationally equivalent to a twisted form of co-Homotopy. In order to clearly bring out this subtle point we give a streamlined re-derivation of the worldvolume 3-flux via M5 “super-embeddings”. Finally, assuming the flux-quantization law to actually be in co-Homotopy (“Hypothesis H”) we show how this implies Skyrmion-like solitons on general M5-worldvolumes and (abelian) anyonic solitons on the boundaries of “open M5-branes” in heterotic M-theory.
From inflation to quintessence: a history of the universe in string theory
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Cunillera Francesc , Padilla Antonio , Pedro Francisco G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a type IIB 4D string model with stabilised moduli which is able to describe the history of the universe from inflation to quintessence. The underlying Calabi-Yau volume is controlled by two moduli which are stabilised by perturbative effects. The lighter of them drives Fibre Inflation at a large energy scale. The two associated axions are ultra-light since they are lifted only at the non-perturbative level. The lighter of them can drive quintessence if its decay constant is large enough to prevent quantum diffusion during inflation from ruining the initial conditions. The right dark energy scale can be obtained via a large suppression from poly-instanton effects. The heavier axion gives a negligible contribution to dark matter since it starts oscillating after matter-radiation equality. If instead none of the two axions has a large decay constant, a mild alignment allows the lighter axion to drive quintessence, while the heavier can be at most a few percent of dark matter due to isocurvature and UV bounds. In both cases dark matter can also come from either primordial black holes or the QCD axion.
Memory burden effect mimics reheating signatures on SGWB from ultra-low mass PBH domination
Authors: Bhaumik Nilanjandev , Haque Md Riajul , Jain Rajeev Kumar , Lewicki Marek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultra-low mass primordial black holes (PBH), briefly dominating the expansion of the universe, would leave detectable imprints in the secondary stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). Such a scenario leads to a characteristic doubly peaked spectrum of SGWB and strongly depends on the Hawking evaporation of such light PBHs. However, these observable signatures are significantly altered if the memory burden effect during the evaporation of PBHs is taken into account. We show that for the SGWB induced by PBH density fluctuations, the memory burden effects on the Hawking evaporation of ultra-low mass PBHs can mimic the signal arising due to the non-standard reheating epoch before PBH domination. Finally, we point out that this degeneracy can be broken by the simultaneous detection of the first peak in the SGWB, which is typically induced by the inflationary adiabatic perturbations.
Spikes and spines in 4D Lorentzian simplicial quantum gravity
Authors: Borissova Johanna , Dittrich Bianca , Qu Dongxue , Schiffer Marc 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Simplicial approaches to quantum gravity such as quantum Regge calculus and spin foams include configurations where bulk edges can become arbitrarily large while the boundary edges are kept small. Spikes and spines are prime examples for such configurations. They pose a significant challenge for a desired continuum limit, for which the average lengths of edges ought to become very small. Here we investigate spike and spine configurations in four-dimensional Lorentzian quantum Regge calculus. We find that the expectation values of arbitrary powers of the bulk length are finite. To that end, we explore new types of asymptotic regimes for the Regge amplitudes, in which some of the edges are much larger than the remaining ones. The amplitudes simplify considerably in such asymptotic regimes and the geometric interpretation of the resulting expressions involves a dimensional reduction, which might have applications to holography.
Schwarzschild geodesics from scattering amplitudes to all orders in GN
Authors: Mougiakakos Stavros , Vanhove Pierre 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of the leading self-force (0SF) order, corresponding to the geodesic motion of a light body in the exact background of a heavy body, are explicitly derived for the first time using a flat space scattering amplitude-based approach. This is achieved by utilising the cubic formulation of Einstein’s general relativity coupled to the effective worldline action of massive point particles, which was employed to derive the Schwarzschild black hole metric in [1].