bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal skin care: what should we do? A four‐week follow‐up randomized controlled trial at Zagazig University Hospitals
Authors: Amer Mohamed , Diab Nagwa , Soliman Mohamed , Amer Amin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionTaking care of newborn skin is necessary to avoid skin infections. The normal daily exposure to external factors affects the skin negatively. Skin hygiene and proper skin cleansing as well as protection of the infant skin barrier are essential to maintain barrier function and overall infant health.AimThe aim of this work is to assess the neonatal skin care effectiveness in promotion of normal skin development and protection of the optimal skin function by avoiding the different neonatal skin disorders which cause skin infection.ConclusionIn conclusion, proper care and good hygiene of the normal mature neonatal skin are essential to maintain skin barrier function and overall health. This is achieved by optimizing epidermal barrier integrity that includes:

bathing and using emollient;
preventing and managing infections and skin injury;
minimizing transepidermal water loss (TEWL);
minimizing heat loss and percutaneous absorption of toxins.
Baby bath products as well as baby wipes are safe to use and do not appear to affect an infant's skin barrier integrity. It is therefore sensible to use cleansers that have been specially designed for baby's skin, which are pH neutral and very mild to avoid irritant dermatitis and allergic dermatitis.
Aroma volatiles, sensory and chemical attributes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) achenes and receptacle
Authors: Lu Hongyan , Ban Zhaojun , Wang Kaidi , Li Dong , Li Dongdong , Poverenov Elena , Li Li , Luo Zisheng 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis study investigated the aroma volatiles, sensory and chemical attributes of strawberry achenes and receptacle. Samples were subjected to chemical analysis in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity (TA), total phenolics, anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity and volatile compounds. Descriptive tests indicated that fresh whole fruit had the best overall quality. Chemical evaluations revealed that the receptacle emitted more aroma volatiles but exhibited lower TSS, phenolics and antioxidant capacity than the achenes. Moreover, achenes plus receptacle contained higher levels of phenolics and antioxidant capacity and showed moderate aroma volatile profiles than frozen whole fruit. The processing of juice showed the higher loss of phenolics, antioxidant capacity and aroma volatiles. Achene induced a significant increase in phenolics and antioxidant capacity. Aroma volatiles were reduced by freezing. These results suggested that the fresh whole fruit puree exhibited better overall quality, which had better sensory attributes, more aroma volatiles and higher antioxidant capacity.
Starch‐based carbohydrates display the bifidogenic and butyrogenic properties in pH‐controlled faecal fermentation
Authors: Plongbunjong Vijitra , Graidist Potchanapond , Knudsen Knud Erik Bach , Wichienchot Santad 
Published: September 2017

SummaryStarch‐based carbohydrates, native rice starch (NRS), isomaltooligosaccharide produced from native rice starch (rIMO), commercial isomaltooligosaccharide (cIMO), resistant starch type 2 (RS2) and type 3 (RS3) were investigated the bifidogenic and butyrogenic properties. The result confirmed that the bifidogenic effect of rIMO (9.8 ± 0.18) was comparable to cIMO (10.3 ± 0.2). In addition, rIMO showed the highest support on growth of bifidobacteria during early fermentation (10 h), and it was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from cIMO after up to 70 h. Prebiotic index (PI) at 24 h fermentation of rIMO and cIMO was shown positive value and higher than RS3 and RS2. Meanwhile, NRS showed negative value means it has no prebiotic property. Interestingly, RS3 showed approximately twofold in butyrate production (132.3 mm) compared to rIMO and cIMO. In conclusion, IMO showed high bifidogenic effect; meanwhile, RS3 showed high butyrogenic property.
Indirect Fiscal Effects of Long‐Term Care Insurance*
Authors: Geyer Johannes , Haan Peter , Korfhage Thorben 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInformal care by close family members is the main pillar of most long‐term care systems. However, due to demographic ageing, the need for long‐term care is expected to increase while the informal care potential is expected to decline. From a budgetary perspective, informal care is often viewed as a cost‐saving alternative to subsidised formal care. This view, however, neglects that many family carers are of working age and face the difficulty of reconciling care and paid work, which might entail sizeable indirect fiscal effects related to forgone tax revenues, lower social security contributions and higher transfer payments. In this paper, we use a structural model of labour supply and the choice of care arrangement to quantify these indirect fiscal effects of informal care. Moreover, based on the model, we discuss the fiscal effects related to non‐take‐up of formal care.
Effects of strontium doping on the degradation and Sr ion release behaviors of α‐tricalcium phosphate bone cement
Authors: Shi Haishan , Zeng Shenghui , Liu Xu , Yu Tao , Zhou Changren 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStrontium plays important physicochemical and biological roles in the applications of bone repair materials. The available methods of Sr doping in bone cements were believed to make a key effect on the biodegradation and Sr ion release behaviors of cements. In this work, Sr‐doped octacalcium phosphate (Sr‐OCP), Sr‐doped α‐tricalcium phosphate (Sr‐α‐TCP), SrCO3, and SrCl2 with different actual availability of Sr2+ were imported into α‐TCP bone cements, and their effects on the biodegradation and ions release of cements were comparatively investigated. Incorporation of different Sr carriers had led to distinct hydration morphologies, crystal evolutions, degradation rates, and microenvironments of bone cements during their in vitro biodegradation. Compared with other Sr carriers, Sr‐OCP facilitated the hydration reaction of α‐TCP, which induced the enhanced degradation and Sr ion release behaviors. In conclusion, Sr‐OCP was supposed to be a more potential Sr carrier applied in the synthesis of biodegradable Sr‐doped calcium phosphate bone cements.
Enhanced photoluminescence property and mechanism of Eu3+‐doped tellurite glasses by the silver and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Chengye , Yang Zhengwen , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Dacheng Zhou 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, the silver or gold nanoparticle single‐existing and co‐existing tellurite glasses doped with Eu3+ were prepared, and the influence of gold or silver nanoparticles on the photoluminescence of tellurite glasses doped with Eu3+ were investigated. The photoluminescence of tellurite glasses doped with Eu3+ was enhanced by the surface plasmon absorption of gold or silver nanoparticles, and the maximum luminescence enhancement factors caused by the silver and gold nanoparticles are 4.8 and 3.5 factors, respectively. The differentiation of luminescence enhancement mechanisms caused by the gold or silver nanoparticles was demonstrated. The enhanced luminescence mechanism of the Au nanoparticle single‐existing tellurite glasses doped with Eu3+ was from the increasing of radiative decays rate caused by the Au nanoparticles. The excitation field enhancement caused by the Ag nanoparticles was responsible for the luminescence enhancement of the Ag single‐existing tellurite glasses doped with Eu3+. About 4.2‐factor luminescence enhancement was observed in the Ag and Au nanoparticle co‐existing tellurite glasses doped with Eu3+, which is attributed to the increasing of radiative decays rate and excitation field enhancement caused by the Au and Ag nanoparticles.
Ultrasonic Echo Intensity as a New Noninvasive In Vivo Biomarker of Frailty
Authors: Mirón Mombiela Rebeca , Facal de Castro Fernando , Moreno Pilar , Borras Consuelo 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate whether muscle quality based on echo intensity (EI) is associated with muscle strength (MS) and correlates with risk of frailty in elderly outpatients.DesignCross‐sectional, experimental study.SettingOutpatient clinic.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 20 to 90 (N = 112). Individuals aged 20 to 59 participated as controls. Those aged 60 and older participated in the experimental group and were subdivided into robust, prefrail, and frail according to the Fried frailty criteria.MeasurementsEI, muscle thickness (MT), and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) of the anterior compartment of the thigh were measured using ultrasound images. MS was quantified using a hand dynamometer. Participants responded to a questionnaire asking about demographic and physical characteristics, frailty criteria, and quality of life.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between EI and MS (Women: correlation coefficient (r) = −.522, P < .001; Men: r = −.355, P < .001). A similar trend was found for MT but not SFT. Statistically significant differences were also found between EI values, MT, MS, and quality of life and the different stages of frailty (P < .01).ConclusionsHigher levels of EI were associated with lower levels of strength and greater frailty. These results, although needing to be replicated in larger and more‐diverse populations, suggest that EI obtained using ultrasound images might be used as noninvasive imaging biomarker of frailty in elderly adults and opens the possibility of accurately testing interventions performed to prevent it.
Diagnostic imaging using positron emission tomography for gynecological malignancy
Authors: Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Yoshida Yoshio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImaging has played a pivotal role in the management of gynecological malignancy. Positron emission tomography (PET), particularly 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET to reflect cellular glycolytic metabolism, is being increasingly used and has proven superior to conventional imaging including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging. Studies of and evidence for the utility of 18F‐FDG PET/CT for the detection of local or metastatic disease, treatment planning, response assessment, restaging of recurrent disease, and prognostic assessment are growing. We review the latest evidence for and limitations of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of gynecological malignancy. Moreover, we also describe the benefits of and evidence for other tracers.
Reducing hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers using bundle methodology in pediatric and neonatal patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: An integrative review and call to action
Authors: Courtwright Suzanne E. , Mastro Kari A. , Preuster Christa , Dardashti Navid , McGill Sandra , Madelon Myrlene , Johnson Donna 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeThis review focuses on identifying (1) evidence of the effectiveness of care bundle methodology to reduce hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) in pediatric and neonatal patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and (2) barriers to implementing HAPU care bundles in this at‐risk population.Design and MethodsAn integrative review was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. A search of the scientific literature was performed. Studies included were published between January 2011 and February 2016. A total of seven articles met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from each published article and analyzed to identify common themes, specifically bundle methodology and barriers to implementing HAPU bundles, in this population.ResultsThere is limited research on effectiveness of care bundle methodology in reducing HAPUs in children, and no research specific to its effectiveness in pediatric or neonatal ECMO patients. No research was identified studying barriers to implementation of HAPU care bundles in this population.Practice ImplicationsNurses are well poised to test innovative strategies to prevent HAPUs. Nurses should consider implementing and testing bundle methodology to reduce HAPU in this at‐risk population, and conduct research to identify any barriers to implementing this strategy. There is literature to support the use of nurses as unit‐based skin care champions to facilitate teamwork and reliable use of the bundle, both critical components to the success of bundle methodology.
Self‐administered acupressure for insomnia disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yeung Wing‐Fai , Ho Fiona Yan‐Yee , Chung Ka‐Fai , Zhang Zhang‐Jin , Yu Branda Yee‐Man , Suen Lorna Kwai‐Ping , Chan Lily Ying‐Tung , Chen Hai‐Yong , Ho Lai‐Ming , Lao Li‐Xing 
Published: September 2017

SummarySelf‐administered acupressure has potential as a low‐cost alternative treatment for insomnia. To evaluate the short‐term effects of self‐administered acupressure for alleviating insomnia, a pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted. Thirty‐one subjects (mean age: 53.2 years; 77.4% female) with insomnia disorder were recruited from a community. The participants were randomized to receive two lessons on either self‐administered acupressure or sleep hygiene education. The subjects in the self‐administered acupressure group (n = 15) were taught to practise self‐administered acupressure daily for 4 weeks. The subjects in the comparison group (n = 16) were advised to follow sleep hygiene education. The primary outcome was the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Other measures included a sleep diary, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short‐form Six‐Dimension. The subjects in the self‐administered acupressure group had a significantly lower ISI score than the subjects in the sleep hygiene education group at week 8 (effect size = 0.56, P = 0.03). However, this observed group difference did not reach a statistically significant level after Bonferroni correction. With regard to the secondary outcomes, moderate between‐group effect sizes were observed in sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset based on the sleep diary, although the differences were not significant. The adherence to self‐administered acupressure practice was satisfactory, with 92.3% of the subjects who completed the lessons still practising acupressure at week 8. In conclusion, self‐administered acupressure taught in a short training course may be a feasible approach to improve insomnia. Further fully powered confirmatory trials are warranted.
An assessment of climate change and stratification in Lake Kariba (Zambia–Zimbabwe)
Authors: Marshall Brian E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLake Kariba is a monomictic reservoir, isothermal in winter (June–August), and stratified for the rest of the year. Its temperature has increased since the 1990s, with some researchers suggesting it now has a stronger and more stable thermocline as a result. It was also claimed that the depth of the epilimnion had decreased, and nutrient depletion has led to a decrease in the depth of the euphotic zone, algal biomass and primary productivity. A re‐analysis of the data suggests this view is incorrect. The epilimnion is more homogenous now than in the 1980s, with less vertical variation in temperature and dissolved oxygen in the upper 20 m of the lake. The depth of the euphotic zone has not changed since the 1960s, and the algal biomass and primary productivity have increased. The thermocline appears to have weakened with temperature and density gradients being much smaller than in the 1980s because of a more rapid rate of warming in deeper water. The reasons for this phenomenon are not clear, although evaporative cooling at the surface may contribute to it. There was a significant increase in Birgean heat budgets over time, although there was none for stability. This may be explained by the fact that the lake is monomictic, cooling to 22°C in winter, with a new cycle of stratification beginning each year, and it may be affected by variable factors such as evaporation, rainfall, river flow and internal wave movements.
Aldo‐keto reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase contribute to benznidazole natural resistance in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: González Laura , García‐Huertas Paola , Triana‐Chávez Omar , García Gabriela Andrea , Murta Silvane Maria Fonseca , Mejía‐Jaramillo Ana M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe improvement of Chagas disease treatment is focused not only on the development of new drugs but also in understanding mechanisms of action and resistance to drugs conventionally used. Thus, some strategies aim to detect specific changes in proteins between sensitive and resistant parasites and to evaluate the role played in these processes by functional genomics. In this work, we used a natural Trypanosoma cruzi population resistant to benznidazole, which has clones with different susceptibilities to this drug without alterations in the NTR I gene. Using 2DE‐gel electrophoresis, the aldo‐keto reductase and the alcohol dehydrogenase proteins were found up regulated in the natural resistant clone and therefore their possible role in the resistance to benznidazole and glyoxal was investigated. Both genes were overexpressed in a drug sensitive T. cruzi clone and the biological changes in response to these compounds were evaluated. The results showed that the overexpression of these proteins enhances resistance to benznidazole and glyoxal in T. cruzi. Moreover, a decrease in mitochondrial and cell membrane damage was observed, accompanied by a drop in the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species after treatment. Our results suggest that these proteins are involved in the mechanism of action of benznidazole.
Control of basal jasmonate signalling and defence through modulation of intracellular cation flux capacity
Authors: Lenglet Aurore , Jaślan Dawid , Toyota Masatsugu , Mueller Matthias , Müller Thomas , Schönknecht Gerald , Marten Irene , Gilroy Simon , Hedrich Rainer , Farmer Edward E. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Unknown mechanisms tightly regulate the basal activity of the wound‐inducible defence mediator jasmonate (JA) in undamaged tissues. However, the Arabidopsis fatty acid oxygenation upregulated2 (fou2) mutant in vacuolar two‐pore channel 1 (TPC1D454N) displays high JA pathway activity in undamaged leaves. This mutant was used to explore mechanisms controlling basal JA pathway regulation.

fou2 was re‐mutated to generate novel ‘ouf’ suppressor mutants. Patch‐clamping was used to examine TPC1 cation channel characteristics in the ouf suppressor mutants and in fou2. Calcium (Ca2+) imaging was used to study the effects fou2 on cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations.

Six intragenic ouf suppressors with near wild‐type (WT) JA pathway activity were recovered and one mutant, ouf8, affected the channel pore. At low luminal calcium concentrations, ouf8 had little detectable effect on fou2. However, increased vacuolar Ca2+ concentrations caused channel occlusion, selectively blocking K+ fluxes towards the cytoplasm. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in unwounded fou2 were found to be lower than in the unwounded WT, but they increased in a similar manner in both genotypes following wounding.

Basal JA pathway activity can be controlled solely by manipulating endomembrane cation flux capacities. We suggest that changes in endomembrane potential affect JA pathway activity.
Analysis of Dermatologic Consultations in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Over a 7‐Year Period: Retrospective Review of 60 Cases
Authors: Kang Jeong Nan , Kim Do Hyeong , Park So Hee , Seol Jung Eun , Kim Hyojin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe need for dermatology consultations for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients is increasing, but no study has systemically examined the skin diseases of patients in NICUs. The aim of this study was to analyze dermatology consultations in the NICU of a tertiary medical center in Korea and determine the effect of the dermatology consultation on the clinical course and management of the patients after the consultation.MethodsThe medical records of patients undergoing dermatologic consultation during their stay in a NICU between March 2009 and February 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsSixty patients were enrolled in this study; the male‐to‐female ratio was 1:1.1, and mean age at the time of consultation was 3.7 weeks. Mean gestational age was 33.7 weeks, and 35 of the subjects (58.3%) were preterm neonates. Mean birth weight was 2.14 kg (range 550–4,200 g). The most‐common disease category was birthmarks and neoplasms (20.0%), followed by eczematous dermatoses (18.3%), skin appendageal disease (16.7%), and infectious disease (13.3%).ConclusionThis study identified the dermatologic problems of neonates in a NICU and can raise dermatologists' awareness of the types of patients they may encounter in a NICU.
The Role of Elimination Diets in Atopic Dermatitis—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lim Neil R. , Lohman Mary E. , Lio Peter A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDiet is a common concern for individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) and their families. Studies regarding the effect of dietary interventions on AD exist, but many are limited by small size and poor design. Conflicting results present a challenge to clinicians seeking to counsel patients. The aim of the current review is to examine the published literature and generate helpful conclusions for clinicians faced with dietary questions in AD.MethodsA PubMed search was performed focusing on dietary interventions for AD in children and adults through July 2016. The search was limited to the English language and included studies that evaluated one or more forms of dietary modification for the treatment of AD. Studies of supplementation, such as with vitamins, minerals, or probiotics, were not included, nor were studies on prevention of the development of AD. A total of 43 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.ResultsTrials varied in type, duration, and the AD patient populations studied. Overall, there is some level I evidence to support specific exclusion diets in preselected patients but insufficient evidence for strict elimination diets (diets that are typically limited to six to eight foods). Data supporting other interventions are mixed and based on small, poorly designed studies.ConclusionsA comprehensive literature review reveals some promising results and several areas in need of further study. More evidence is needed to form a strong foundation for recommendations regarding the utility and role of elimination diets in AD management, but current evidence suggests that strict diet management is not effective in the treatment AD in the vast majority of patients.
Final Diagnosis of 112 Girls Presenting With Genital Mucocutaneous Symptoms and Signs: The Mayo Clinic Experience
Authors: Fahy Caoimhe M. R. , Torgerson Rochelle R. , Davis Mark D. P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPediatric genital mucocutaneous diseases are rare. A retrospective review was performed of children presenting with symptomatology of genital dermatoses to a hospital‐based dermatology service. This study highlights that the range of genital diseases in children is not as broad as in adults. The diagnosis of genital mucocutaneous disease in children is usually genital lichen sclerosus, but other diagnoses should be considered.