bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does an Attendance-Credit Increase Medical Students’ Attendance in In-class Lectures and Performance in Pharmacology and What is the Correlation Between Class Attendance and Performance on Pharmacology Exams?
Authors: Paudel Keshab Raj , Panta R , Diaz L , Johnson G , Thapa S 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This study aimed to find out the effect of an attendance-credit on class attendance and performance on Pharmacology exams, and analyze a correlation between class attendance and performance on Pharmacology exams.

Methods
A total of 182 students from a period of two years, January 2017 to December 2018, were enrolled in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board. Attendance of the first group of students was credited whereas the attendance of the second group of students was not credited. Lecture materials were made available and downloadable to the students from the beginning of the semester until the end of final exams, irrespective of their class attendance. Assessment items were single response multiple-choice questions built around clinical vignettes. Pearson correlation and Chi-Square (χ2) tests were used as tests of significance. The level of significance was considered at P-value ≤0.05.

Results
Eighty seven percent (87%) of students attended more than 70% of lectures when class attendance was credited whereas only 44% of students attended more than 70% of lectures when the attendance was not credited. The average of ‘credited class attendance’ was 87% vs 61% for ‘non-credited class attendance’ (P<0.001). The correlation between academic score and ‘credited class attendance’ was significant (r= 0.240, df= 90, r for df 90 at P=0.05 is 0.205), and the correlation between academic score and ‘non-credited class attendance’ was stronger (r= 0.368, df= 88, r for df 80 at P=0.01 is 0.283) than for credited attendance.

Conclusion
Provided that lecture materials are available and downloadable from the beginning until the end of the semester to the medical students, an attendance-credit, an external motivation, increased the class attendance significantly in the lectures. However, it did not increase the performance on Pharmacology exams accordingly. The class attendance had a significantly positive correlation with the performance on Pharmacology exams. So, present study concludes that students who attend the lectures irrespective of the external motivation perform significantly higher on the exams, and it has a strong positive linear correlation.
Sicheres Arbeitsumfeld im Landhandel
Authors: Vetter Bernhard 
Published: October 2024

Frankfurt a.M. Wie in der Landwirtschaft (siehe az 36, S. 5) sind auch im Landhandel die Zahlen zu den Arbeitsunfällen über die Jahre rückläufig. Die zuständige BGHW verzeichnete 2023 aber einen kleinen Rückschlag.
Relación entre variables de combustibles y radiación solar en un bosque de Pinus hartwegii Lindl. y un zacatonal en el Parque Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl
Authors: Rodríguez-Trejo Dante A. 
Published: October 2024

Introducción. Los estudios de combustibles brindan información sobre peligro de incendio, comportamiento del fuego, emisiones de gases de invernadero y manejo de combustibles.
Objetivo. Establecer relaciones entre variables de combustibles, índice de área foliar y radiación solar que permitan estimar cargas de combustibles en una masa de Pinus hartwegii Lindl. y un zacatonal subalpino en el Parque Nacional Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl.
Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon combustibles (carga, cobertura, altura o profundidad), arbolado (variables dasométricas) y radiación solar (difusa, directa, total y fracción de cielo visible). Las relaciones entre variables se establecieron con regresión lineal, considerando coeficiente de determinación, significancia, normalidad, homocedasticidad, multicolinealidad y autocorrelación. Resultados y discusión: En el bosque, la carga media fue de 27.9 Mg∙ha-1 con casi 60 % de hojarasca y capa de fermentación. Existen relaciones directas entre cobertura de zacates y fracción de cielo visible; carga de materiales leñosos e índice de área foliar; y carga total de combustibles con la profundidad de la capa de hojarasca y fermentación. Condiciones con más radiación propician mayor carga de zacates, mientras que la radiación baja facilita acumulación de materiales leñosos y hojarasca y capa de fermentación. En el zacatonal, la carga alcanzó 6.8 Mg∙ha-1 y hubo relación directa entre su carga total y cobertura.
Conclusiones. En el bosque de P. hartwegii y en el zacatonal se obtuvieron modelos estadísticos que relacionan cargas de combustibles forestales con variables de radiación o con variables propias de los combustibles, lo cual agiliza estimaciones y sustenta decisiones para el manejo de estos.
Physical therapy students’ perceived levels and sources of stress during clinical education experiences
Authors: Dutton Lisa L. , Anderson Christina 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Stress has been linked to poor performance and mental health disorders in health professions students. Very little is known about health professions students’ stress during clinical education. The purpose of this study was to explore the levels and sources of stress experienced by Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students during the clinical education portion of their curriculum.
Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, 925 first-, second-, and third-year DPT students from eight Midwestern colleges and universities were invited to complete an electronic survey during a clinical experience. The survey included demographic information, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Undergraduate Sources of Stress (USOS) scale.
Results: The response rate was 28% with a total of 259 returned surveys. The mean PSS score was 14.15 out of a possible 40, with a range from 0 to 30. There were significant differences in levels of stress based on program year and clinical level. No significant differences in level or sources of stress were noted based on gender or clinical setting. Academic sources were the greatest source of stress reported. Amount of student debt and percentage of responsibility for graduate education were significantly correlated with financial sources of stress.
Conclusion: Participants in this study reported mean PSS scores during clinical education experiences similar to those previously reported for physical therapy. Identifying perceived stress levels, sources of stress, and mitigating factors has the potential to improve the health of students and positively impact patient care.
GÊNEROS, VIOLÊNCIAS E CONSTRUÇÕES HISTÓRICAS DE SUBJETIVIDADES NAS DIVERSIDADES SÓCIOCULTURAIS
Authors: Silva Rozeli Costa , Ribeiro Luís Távora Furtado 
Published: October 2024

No meio social, são em grande número os debates acerca da violência de gênero e suas tipicidades, promovendo uma conceituada gama de conceitos e definições acerca da temática aqui enfocada. Isso posto, o presente artigo foi elaborado a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa, em variadas obras que discorrem sobre a presente temática, tais como: livros, artigos científicos, periódicos, revistas eletrônicas, dentre outros, tendo como objetivo trazer informações que possam alargar e potencializar os enfoques sobre as questões inerentes à violência de gênero, bem como a construção histórica de subjetividades nas diversidades socioculturais. A pesquisa mostrou que as diversidades socioculturais, incluindo-se as de gêneros, podem levar as pessoas a praticarem a violência de gênero de variadas formas.
RUSSIAN STRATEGIC CULTURE: INSIGHTS FROM THE FULL-SCALE WAR AGAINST UKRAINE
Authors: Skak Mette 
Published: October 2024

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022 marks a security policy paradigm shift akin to ‘9/11’ for Europe. For the international community of security experts, the invasion represents an anomaly for their rational choice analysis. Their ‘logic of consequence’ must be replaced by the alternative ‘logic of appropriateness’. Hence, the author of this paper employs a broad approach to strategic culture stressing Kremlin regime security as Putin’s operational code. Under this approach, interventionism characterizes the Russian ‘way of war’ as does sheer brutality. The decision to invade Ukraine resulted from Putin’s personal hubris and idiosyncrasies as much as groupthink within the Russian security elite. Putin’s calculus behind invading Ukraine is reconstructed as geopolitical and geo-economic imperialism, along with domestic concerns for pacifying Russia.
The first year of war exposed a dysfunctional Russian strategic culture - a collapsing Blitzkrieg effort and a failure to prevail in the subsequent battle for Donbas. The Russian conduct of war reiterated the signature Russian strategic culture of massive destruction and unpunished war crimes. Putin often doubles down and escalates, as seen in the partial mobilization on 21st September 2022. The winter of 2022–2023 brought both systematic Russian attacks on critical Ukrainian energy infrastructure and fierce battles in Vuhledar, Soledar and Bakhmut in which Russia used meatgrinder tactics. The Russian military performance improved during the second year of the war due to the construction of massive fortifications along the frontline. Putin’s strategy has thus turned in favour of a long war of attrition seeking to outlast the combined effect of successive Western upgrading of the weapons supplied to Ukraine and the stamina of the Ukrainians themselves.
The Ukrainian counteroffensive shows Ukraine to have the initiative, but progress is painfully slow. This reflects the fact that the war is a war of attrition between two different militaries supported by two dissimilar coalitions of productive power and high-tech innovative capacity.
Revisão integrativa da sífilis congênita: manifestações clínicas, impactos na saúde neonatal e estratégias de prevenção
Authors: Diniz Vitória Rocha , Soares Marco Antonio , Ribeiro Anna Júlia Fernandes , Cruz Sofia Alves da , Dias Laura Poema de Barros Oliveira , Nogueira Felipe Coelho , Santos Matheus Henrique Menezes , Manso Vitória Abdala , Vargas Aline Bezerra , Donon Amanda Stefani Fernandes , Brito Isadora Pereira 
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A sífilis congênita é uma infecção transmitida verticalmente da mãe para o feto, podendo resultar em natimortalidade, prematuridade, malformações e deficiências neurológicas. Mesmo com avanços em campanhas de prevenção e programas de pré-natal, a condição persiste como um desafio de saúde pública, especialmente em regiões vulneráveis.Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as manifestações clínicas, os impactos no desenvolvimento neonatal e as principais estratégias de prevenção e tratamento da sífilis congênita, a fim de contribuir para o controle dessa condição. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, analisando artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2023 nas bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science. Utilizaram-se descritores relacionados à sífilis congênita combinados com operadores booleanos para garantir amplitude na busca. Foram incluídos estudos relevantes em inglês, português e espanhol, enquanto pesquisas incompletas ou não relacionadas foram excluídas. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que, apesar dos esforços preventivos, a sífilis congênita continua a apresentar alta incidência em diversas localidades. Entre as manifestações clínicas destacam-se lesões cutâneas, alterações neurológicas e malformações ósseas. Estratégias preventivas como triagem precoce e tratamento adequado com penicilina são eficazes, mas muitas vezes enfrentam dificuldades de implementação, especialmente em áreas com acesso limitado aos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: A revisão evidencia que intervenções integradas, como campanhas de conscientização, educação em saúde, triagem eficiente e tratamento adequado das gestantes, são essenciais para reduzir os índices de transmissão vertical da sífilis. O monitoramento contínuo e a ampliação do acesso ao pré-natal são fundamentais para a eficácia das ações preventivas.
Global San Francisco and the Irish of the New Pacific
Authors: Campbell Malcolm 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Following the discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in January 1848, San Francisco established itself as the premier city of the western Americas. From the outset, its substantial Irish immigrant population enjoyed the standing of a charter group and exhibited high levels of political power and cultural influence, characteristics that were frequently noted by contemporaries and continued well into the twentieth century. While San Francisco's Irish population shared much in common with their compatriots in other American cities, the Golden City developed its own unique identity and quickly emerged as a truly global Irish city. Key features that account for its experience include the city's distinctive nineteenth-century population composition, which included a large Chinese component; the notable confidence of its Irish-born population compared with that in other American urban centers; and the unique westward orientation of the city and its people that contributed to San Francisco's pivotal role in emerging transnational Pacific networks.
Irish Immigrants in Colonial Port Cities of Cuba: Havana, Santiago, and Cienfuegos
Authors: Brehony Margaret , García Giselle González 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The port city of Havana, central to the Spanish colonial fleet system since the late sixteenth century, remained an important nexus for nineteenth-century Atlantic trade networks of sugar, coffee, tobacco, and the slave trade. Positioning Irish immigrants in this global hub allows us to examine their presence in Cuba and their participation in global circuits of commodities, trade, and labor. Drawing on local colonial sources, we evaluate the opportunities and experiences of Irish immigrants as social actors in the multi-ethnic urban spaces of Havana and other strategically located port cities of Santiago and Cienfuegos. The Irish who converged on Cuba rarely came directly from Ireland. Hence, we explore three migration trajectories mediated through the British West Indies, the Spanish metropole, and globally connected cities of North America. The most prominent were high-ranking military men who arrived in Cuba in the eighteenth century through Iberian-Irish connections; a smaller number of propertied Irish who migrated from the West Indies; and lastly, distinct flows of largely anonymous nineteenth-century immigrants who came through emerging Atlantic networks of colonial labour via the United States. This study explores the entangled histories of Irish, African, and European diasporas in the social and political worlds of three Spanish Caribbean port cities. Through an analysis of how Irish immigrants negotiated processes of class, religion, race, and gender in colonial Cuba, we highlight their participation in key economic and social dynamics of white colonization strategies, plantation slavery, and the Atlantic slave trade.
Current Situation and Optimization Strategies of Student Status Management in Universities
Authors: Wei Tiansheng  , Sun Yan  , Mi Congcong  
Published: October 2024

Student status management is an important part of higher education institutions' work, which is crucial for maintaining teaching order, safeguarding students' rights and improving educational quality. In recent years, with the expansion of higher education enrollment scale and the development of information technology, higher education institutions have faced new opportunities and challenges in student status management. This article discusses the problems that exist in SSM, including the deficiencies in institutional construction, informationization construction, data confidentiality, personnel professional qualifications, and service improvement, and proposes strategies for solving these problems. The proposed optimization strategies cover improving the management system and process, enhancing team qualities, promoting information.
Structure Analysis and Forecast of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Exports to Australia Under the Perspective of Product Segmentation
Authors: Ding Shulin 
Published: October 2024

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a precious treasure of China has played an indispensable role in combating the COVID-19 epidemic, and receiving widespread attention and high regard. The Chinese pharmaceutical industry is gradually on the Road of Revival. However, there are still many bottlenecks restricting internationalization of TCM. How to specifically expand the international market, optimize product structure, and enhance the competitiveness of TCM exports are key and difficult issues. In light of this, this article selects "Australia" as a typical region with a solid foundation for the development of TCM, and innovatively classifies TCM products into four major categories based on its market access policies. By applying STATA to construct an ARIMA model, this study analyzes and forecasts the total export volume of TCM to Australia, the export structure of each category, and the export value for the Q3 2024-Q2 2026 based on data from 2016 to Q2 2024. The results reveal that there is significant potential in the Australian market for the export of TCM. However, the export structure is heavily skewed towards primary products, with the growth rate of high-value-added products being relatively slow. Consequently, it is recommended to increase investment in the research and development of TCM, enhance consumer education to address cultural differences, promote the export of high-value-added products, strengthen the docking of international standards and export certification of products, reinforce brand building and bolster government guidance and talent cultivation to enhance the international competitiveness of the TCM.
A system model to repurpose slag into alternative brick solution for low-cost housing
Authors: Qwabe Zwakele , Daniyan Ilesanmi , Ramatsetse Boitumelo 
Published: October 2024

The world’s leading producer of Platinum Group Metal is South Africa and accounts for 94 percent of world’s platinum. Platinum smelters produces around 10 525,90 tons of slag annual of which accumulates as stockpile, never utilised. More storage area is required for continuous operation of the smelters to store slag. The aim of the research is to repurpose the slag into bricks for low-cost housing. Any Logic simulation model specifically the Discrete Event Modelling (DEM) was employed for the modelling and simulation because of its capabilities compared to other models such as Flexsim, Vensim, ANSYS. The results indicate that 92 human resources are required to have functioning business that is able to manufacture and deliver bricks enough to build 326 houses per month. The operation is labour intensive to ensure more job opportunities are created and a total 368 personnel are employed permanently on all sites. The smelter potentially saves over R1,5 billion per operation and R5,6 billion across 4 sites over a decade by giving the slag away for free. The environmental pollution is improved as five heavy plant equipment is removed from the operation. The operation has potential to generate R392,2 million profit over 10-years.
ХЎЖАЛИК ЮРИТУВЧИ СУБЕКТЛАРДА МОЛИЯВИЙ ҲИСОБОТНИНГ ҲОЗИРГИ ҲОЛАТИ ВА УНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ ЙЎНАЛИШЛАРИ
Authors: Абдуғаниев Муҳаммадамин 
Published: October 2024

Ушбу мақолада молиявий бухгалтерия ҳисоби ва ҳисоботи жараёни қуйидаги тўртта босқичга ажратамиз маълумотларни ўлчаш, маълумотларни қайта ишлаш ҳисоботлар тузиш, келгуси ҳисобот даврига тайёргарлик. мақолада ҳар бир босқичда амалга оширилаётган ишларнинг мазмун-моҳияти ёритиб берилди.
Sociedade e estado: limites da liberdade de expressão
Authors: Cruz Neto Manoel da Conceição , Nabhan Francine Adilia Rodante Ferrari 
Published: October 2024

A liberdade de expressão é um direito fundamental previsto na nossa Constituição Federal e utilizado como instrumento fundamental da democracia e do progresso social. Por isso, o estudo tem como objetivo geral averiguar os limites da liberdade de expressão no contexto da interação entre a sociedade e o Estado. Ao longo deste trabalho, busca-se demonstrar que embora a liberdade de expressão seja um elemento essencial da democracia, a mesma não é absoluta. Para tanto, foi essencial compreender até onde a liberdade individual pode ir sem infringir os princípios e valores fundamentais de uma sociedade democrática, já que a mesma gera responsabilidades e limitações, destacando-se que o desrespeito a mesma pode dar origem a crime de “opinião”. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, adotou-se como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica por existir vastas obras publicadas e diferentes fontes, como: legislações, revistas digitais e artigos que abordam o assunto. Por fim, através do trabalho realizado, pode-se constatar que, a sociedade encontra-se em constante mudança e analisar a liberdade de expressão e seus limites é essencial para o fortalecimento da sociedade democrática e o equilíbrio entre a proteção dos direitos individuais e a promoção do bem-estar coletivo.
EVENTOS DE QUEDAS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DO RECIFE - PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Conceição Petrucia Radyane Januário da , Gouveia Viviane de Araújo , Lira Maria da Conceição Cavalcanti de , Silva Wellington Manoel da , Couto Milena Tereza Torres de , Mariano Lidianny Carvalho de Brito , Xavier Amanda , Wanderley Flávio de Araújo 
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores relacionados às quedas no ambiente hospitalar, em pacientes com mais de 18 anos de idade, internados em hospital de referência, durante o período de janeiro a novembro de 2023. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal com uma abordagem quantitativa, com base em dados secundários. As variáveis utilizadas foram dados sociodemográficos (idade, gênero), dados do atendimento (tempo de internação, clínica de internamento, uso de medicamento) e dados relativos às quedas, como o local e o dano acarretado ao paciente. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes que sofreram por quedas eram do sexo masculino (70,7%), mais da metade (52,2%) tinha 60 anos ou mais e foram internados na clínica de Neurologia (72,8%), sendo a maior parte orientado e consciente (97,8%) e os 2,2% demais estavam desorientados; usava medicamento (62,0%) e entre os que utilizavam medicamentos 78,9% usavam anti-hipertensivos e tranquilizantes/sedativos. A maioria (94,6%) não tinha déficit sensorial, 4,3% tinha alteração de extremidades e um (1,1%) tinha alterações visuais. Deambulava de forma segura com ajuda (94,6%), sendo a maior taxa de quedas no leito (71,7%) e queda na Enfermaria (87,0%) das quais não tinha causado danos em 73,9% dos pacientes e dos que tinham tido danos, para a maioria (54,2%) o dano tinha sido leve. Conclusão: Foi possível reconhecer o papel da segurança do paciente na prestação eficaz e segura de cuidados em saúde, de forma que a educação do paciente e da equipe possa ajudar na redução de quedas.
A Energia Elétrica Aliada a Estatística
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Guilherme , Romão Estaner Claro 
Published: October 2024

Caro Professor,	Esse manual corresponde a sequência didática de um projeto envolvendo o consumo de energia elétrica e o uso da Estatística, desenvolvido para auxiliar na elaboração das aulas juntos aos Itinerários Formativos em qualquer série do Ensino Médio, unindo as disciplinas de Matemática e Física. Espera-se que o professor consiga aplicar o conteúdo apresentado nesse manual de forma significativa e que favoreça o aprendizado de seus estudantes.	O manual contém informações e orientações importantes para a realização do projeto, porém, fique a vontade para adequá-lo conforme as necessidades e dificuldades específicas encontradas em sua realidade.	Boas aulas!