bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel iterative refinement in polynomial eigenvalue problems
Authors: Campos Carmen , Roman Jose E. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMethods for the polynomial eigenvalue problem sometimes need to be followed by an iterative refinement process to improve the accuracy of the computed solutions. This can be accomplished by means of a Newton iteration tailored to matrix polynomials. The computational cost of this step is usually higher than the cost of computing the initial approximations, due to the need of solving multiple linear systems of equations with a bordered coefficient matrix. An effective parallelization is thus important, and we propose different approaches for the message‐passing scenario. Some schemes use a subcommunicator strategy in order to improve the scalability whenever direct linear solvers are used. We show performance results for the various alternatives implemented in the context of SLEPc, the Scalable Library for Eigenvalue Problem Computations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual‐based versus aggregate meta‐analysis in multi‐database studies of pregnancy outcomes: the Nordic example of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine in pregnancy
Authors: Selmer Randi , Haglund Bengt , Furu Kari , Andersen Morten , Nørgaard Mette , Zoëga Helga , Kieler Helle 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeCompare analyses of a pooled data set on the individual level with aggregate meta‐analysis in a multi‐database study.MethodsWe reanalysed data on 2.3 million births in a Nordic register based cohort study. We compared estimated odds ratios (OR) for the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and venlafaxine use in pregnancy on any cardiovascular birth defect and the rare outcome right ventricular outflow tract obstructions (RVOTO). Common covariates included maternal age, calendar year, birth order, maternal diabetes, and co‐medication. Additional covariates were added in analyses with country‐optimized adjustment.ResultsCountry adjusted OR (95%CI) for any cardiovascular birth defect in the individual‐based pooled analysis was 1.27 (1.17–1.39), 1.17 (1.07–1.27) adjusted for common covariates and 1.15 (1.05–1.26) adjusted for all covariates. In fixed effects meta‐analyses pooled OR was 1.29 (1.19–1.41) based on crude country specific ORs, 1.19 (1.09–1.29) adjusted for common covariates, and 1.16 (1.06–1.27) for country‐optimized adjustment. In a random effects model the adjusted OR was 1.07 (0.87–1.32). For RVOTO, OR was 1.48 (1.15–1.89) adjusted for all covariates in the pooled data set, and 1.53 (1.19–1.96) after country‐optimized adjustment. Country‐specific adjusted analyses at the substance level were not possible for RVOTO.ConclusionResults of fixed effects meta‐analysis and individual‐based analyses of a pooled dataset were similar in this study on the association of SSRI/venlafaxine and cardiovascular birth defects. Country‐optimized adjustment attenuated the estimates more than adjustment for common covariates only. When data are sparse pooled data on the individual level are needed for adjusted analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles prediction of a novel hexagonal phosphorene allotrope
Authors: Xu Mei , He Chaoyu , Zhang Chunxiao , Tang Chao , Zhong Jianxin 
Published: May 2016

Phosphorus prefers three‐connected configurations due to its inequivalent sp3‐hybridization. In the past year, many quasi two‐dimensional three‐connected networks were proposed as possible phosphorene allotropes. In this Letter, a new quasi two‐dimensional three‐connected network is proposed as a new potential phosphorene allotrope (Hex‐star). Based on first‐principles method calculations, the structure, stability and electronic properties of Hex‐star were systematically investigated. Our results indicate that Hex‐star is dynamically stable and it is a semiconductor with quasi‐direct band gap of 1.81 eV based on HSE06 method.Perspective top view (left) and Magen–David‐like orthographic top view (right) of Hex‐star phosphorene.
magnified image(© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mental health care in post-genocide Rwanda: evaluation of a program specializing in posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse
Authors: Ng L. C. , Harerimana B. 
Published: May 2016

Background.Following the genocide, millions of Rwandans are likely living with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Le Centre Psychothérapeutique Icyizere provides the only specialized treatment for PTSD in the Rwandan healthcare system.Methods.Demographics, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and scores on assessments of functioning and PTSD were recorded from clinical charts of all patients receiving care between October 2013 and 2014. Descriptive statistics and within-groupttests comparing functional impairment and PTSD symptoms at intake to discharge and follow-up were calculated.Results.A total of 719 patients (55.08% male) received care. Patients were more educated, more likely to live in the capital, and less likely to be married than the general population. Patients reported high desire for, and strong satisfaction with, care. Most patients (55.60%) were still in care by the end of the program evaluation. Functioning improved from intake to discharge (p< 0.001), and improvements were sustained at follow-up (p< 0.001). Most adults were diagnosed with psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, or depression. Only 20 patients were diagnosed with PTSD, and symptoms were improved at discharge (p= 0.003).Conclusions.This program evaluation demonstrated the utility of a low-resource information management system to provide clarity about the patient population and outcomes. Results suggest that services are effective and sustainable, although people with PTSD were not the primary recipients of care. Disparities in care by diagnosis, education, marital status, and geography are discussed. Results have contributed to changes in service delivery and care and efforts to increase access to care.
Astrophysical fluid dynamics
Authors: Ogilvie Gordon I. 
Published: May 2016

These lecture notes and example problems are based on a course given at the University of Cambridge in Part III of the Mathematical Tripos. Fluid dynamics is involved in a very wide range of astrophysical phenomena, such as the formation and internal dynamics of stars and giant planets, the workings of jets and accretion discs around stars and black holes and the dynamics of the expanding Universe. Effects that can be important in astrophysical fluids include compressibility, self-gravitation and the dynamical influence of the magnetic field that is ‘frozen in’ to a highly conducting plasma. The basic models introduced and applied in this course are Newtonian gas dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for an ideal compressible fluid. The mathematical structure of the governing equations and the associated conservation laws are explored in some detail because of their importance for both analytical and numerical methods of solution, as well as for physical interpretation. Linear and nonlinear waves, including shocks and other discontinuities, are discussed. The spherical blast wave resulting from a supernova, and involving a strong shock, is a classic problem that can be solved analytically. Steady solutions with spherical or axial symmetry reveal the physics of winds and jets from stars and discs. The linearized equations determine the oscillation modes of astrophysical bodies, as well as their stability and their response to tidal forcing.
Living arrangement and cognitive decline among older people in Europe
Authors: MAZZUCO STEFANO , MEGGIOLARO SILVIA , ONGARO FAUSTA , TOFFOLUTTI VERONICA 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTFamily resources may play an important role in the wellbeing of older people. In this paper, we examine the association between living arrangement and cognitive decline among people over 65 living in different European countries. The underlined hypothesis is that living with others (i.e. spouse or/and children) vis-à-vis living alone may have a positive role in maintaining cognitive functioning, but also that such beneficial influence varies according to the circumstances. To this end, we used data from the first two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which provides indicators of several cognitive functions: orientation, immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency and numeracy. Net of both the potential biases due to the selective attrition and the re-test effects, the evidence shows that the association between living arrangement and cognitive decline depends on the geographical area and on the starting level of cognitive function.
Cohomologies ofn-simplex relations
Authors: KOREPANOV IGOR G. , SHARYGIN GEORGY I. , TALALAEV DMITRY V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA theory of (co)homologies related to set-theoreticn-simplex relations is constructed in analogy with the known quandle and Yang–Baxter (co)homologies, with emphasis made on the tetrahedron case. In particular, this permits us to generalise Hietarinta's idea of “permutation-type” solutions to the quantum (or “tensor”)n-simplex equations. Explicit examples of solutions to the tetrahedron equation involving nontrivial cocycles are presented.
Improving hand hygiene compliance in child daycare centres: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: ZOMER T. P. , ERASMUS V. , LOOMAN C. W. , VAN BEECK E. F. , TJON-A-TSIEN A. , RICHARDUS J. H. , VOETEN H. A. C. M. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYGastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children attending daycare centres (DCCs) are common and compliance with hand hygiene (HH) guidelines to prevent infections is generally low. An intervention was developed to increase HH compliance and reduce infections in DCCs. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention on HH compliance. The intervention was evaluated in a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial in 71 DCCs in The Netherlands. Thirty-six DCCs received the intervention including: (1) HH products; (2) training about HH guidelines; (3) two team training sessions aimed at goal setting and formulating HH improvement activities; and (4) reminders and cues for action (posters/stickers). Intervention DCCs were compared to 35 control DCCs that continued usual practice. HH compliance of caregivers and children was observed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months follow-up. Using multilevel logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained for the intervention effect. Of 795 caregivers, 5042 HH opportunities for caregivers and 5606 opportunities for supervising children's HH were observed. At 1 month follow-up caregivers' compliance in intervention DCCs was 66% vs. 43% in control DCCs (OR 6·33, 95% CI 3·71–10·80), and at 6 months 59% vs. 44% (OR 4·13, 95% CI 2·33–7·32). No effect of the intervention was found on supervising children's HH (36% vs. 32%; OR 0·64, 95% CI 0·18–2·33). In conclusion, HH compliance of caregivers increased due to the intervention, therefore dissemination of the intervention can be considered.
Spatial and Temporal Multidimensional Poverty in Nigeria
Authors: Ajakaiye Olu , Jerome Afeikhena T. , Olaniyan Olanrewaju , Mahrt Kristi , Alaba Olufunke A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
While economic growth is generally thought to reduce poverty, the age-old debate on the links between growth and poverty has been resuscitated following the pronounced differences in the strength of this relationship across countries. Nigeria has recorded impressive growth in the last decade. Cognizant of the renewed interest in the multidimensionality of poverty and its measurement, this chapter appraises spatial and temporal non-monetary multidimensional poverty in Nigeria using the first-order dominance approach. It examines five indicators of deprivation: education, water, sanitation, shelter, and energy. The analysis and results are quite robust and lend support to the view that poverty reduction in Nigeria has not kept pace with the rapid economic growth attained in the last decade. The analyses indicate that regional inequalities remain profound with huge disparities between the urban and rural sectors as well as between the southern and northern geopolitical zones of the country.
Unacknowledged Legislators
Authors: Pearson Roger 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Whereas the Romantic figure of the poet-prophet is now habitually dismissed as a cliché, this book focuses on the role of the poet as lawgiver and shows how pervasive and complex this conception of poetic writing was both immediately before the French Revolution of 1789 and over the following decades. After a Prologue, the Introduction presents the poet-lawgiver: first, in relation to Shelley’s ‘unacknowledged legislator’, the nomos of ancient Greek poetry, and Plato’s views on the poet’s function in an ideal republic; second, as revealing a fundamental tension between the poet as receiver and transmitter of laws (Moses), and as creator of laws (Orpheus); and, third, against the background of Paul Bénichou’s classic account of French Romanticism. After discussion of the low status of verse poetry in the immediate pre-revolutionary period and the contrasting rise of the philosopher-dramatist as a lawgiver in prose, subsequent chapters present the post-revolutionary politico-literary agendas set by Chateaubriand (and others) on the monarchist Right and by Staël (and others) on the liberal Left, charting how these agendas were pursued in these writers’ literary work and public lives and then developed and profoundly modified in the poetry and public exploits of Lamartine, Hugo, and Vigny. The Conclusion summarizes the salient features of the poet-lawgiver in the post-revolutionary period and demonstrates how on the first centenary of the Revolution this figure remained central to Symbolist discussion of poetry—and especially to that of Mallarmé, whose particular approach to poetry as lawgiving is illustrated in a brief Epilogue.
What Is Best Practice for Providing Pain Relief During Retinopathy of Prematurity Eye Examinations?
Authors: Francis Kim 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Retinopathy of prematurity screenings is considered a painful procedure. Yet, preterm infants 30 weeks of gestation or less or weighing 1500 g or less or between 1500 and 2000 g or greater than 30 weeks of gestation with an unstable course are required to have these examinations until their eyes reach maturity.

Purpose:
A systematic search of the literature was conducted to answer the question “For premature infants undergoing retinal eye examinations, what interventions are the most effective for pain reduction?”

Methods/Search Strategy:
CINAHL Plus and MEDLINE were searched using the key words: retinopathy of prematurity and pain. The search was limited to the last 10 years and experimental or quasi-experimental studies attempting to reduce pain during eye examinations.

Findings/Results:
The search criteria yielded 14 studies that addressed interventions to decrease pain during examinations. Three strategies were noted for pain relief including nonpharmacological interventions (n = 9), topical anesthetics (n = 3), and examination techniques (n = 2). The findings indicate that these 3 strategies provided varying results for pain relief but could be beneficial if provided in a consistent protocol.

Implications for Practice:
Consequently, policies for pain management during retinopathy of prematurity examinations need to be used consistently. It is important for clinicians to consider using a combination of strategies that maximize comfort and provide pain relief.

Implications for Research:
There remains a need to continue to examine pain-relieving techniques for retinopathy of prematurity examinations. Further investigation is needed to evaluate effective strategies that mitigate pain and the pathways causing pain. In addition, investigating the clinical feasibility of examinations without speculum use may be worthwhile.
Acute Care Physical Therapy for a Patient With Hip Fracture and Sternal Restrictions: Applying the Evidence and Collaborating Through the Dilemma
Authors: Sutter Jonathan R. , Vickers Kayla C. , Wodka Nicole F. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose:
Patients with a recent sternotomy are told to restrict the use of their upper extremities for a period of weeks or months after the procedure. However, when a patient with a recent sternotomy sustains a hip fracture, a mobility dilemma results. The purpose of this case study is to describe a risk/benefit dilemma in which sternotomy restrictions were at direct odds with a patient's need for early activity after a hip fracture.

Case Description:
The patient is an 80-year-old woman who was 6 days postoperation for open heart surgery when she fell and fractured her left hip. After hip surgery, she demonstrated reduced tolerance to weight-bearing to the operative leg. Her acute care recovery was facilitated by the removal of sternotomy restrictions, permitting her to be standing and walking early in her recovery.

Outcomes:
The patient completed 7 physical therapy sessions in the acute care setting, and was able to progress quickly, walking for the first time on postoperative day 2. She was discharged to a skilled nursing facility, and then her home. The patient regained the ability to ambulate independently without an assistive device in the community.

Discussion:
This is a case study in which early mobility after hip fracture was valued more highly than strict adherence to sternotomy restrictions. After a risk/benefit analysis with the cardiothoracic surgeon, the patient was allowed to use her upper extremities for functional mobility and upper extremity ergometer for continuation of cardiac rehabilitation. She recovered well without sternotomy or hip surgery complications.
Goggatomy: a Method for Opening Small Cuticular Compartments in Arthropods for Physiological Experiments
Authors: Kay Alan R. , Raccuglia Davide , Scholte Jon , Loukianova Elena , Barwacz Christopher , Armstrong Steven R. , Guymon C. Allan , Nitabach Michael N. , Eberl Daniel F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMost sense organs of arthropods are ensconced in small exoskeletal compartments that hinder direct access to plasma membranes. We have developed a method for exposing live sensory and supporting cells in such structures. The technique uses a viscous light cured resin to embed and support the structure, which is then sliced with a sharp blade. We term the procedure a ‘goggatomy’, from the Khoisan word for a bug,gogga. To demonstrate the utility of the method we show that it can be used to expose the auditory chordotonal organs in the second antennal segment and the olfactory receptor neurons in the third antennal segment ofDrosophila melanogaster, preserving the transduction machinery. The procedure can also be used on other small arthropods, like mites,Daphnia, mosquitoes, wasps and ants to expose a variety of cells.
A comprehensive and scalable database search system for metaproteomics
Authors: Chatterjee Sandip , Stupp Gregory S. , Park Sung Kyu (Robin) , Ducom Jean-Christophe , Yates John R. , Su Andrew I. , Wolan Dennis W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundMass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics experiments rely on accurate matching of experimental spectra against a database of protein sequences. Existing computational analysis methods are limited in the size of their sequence databases, which severely restricts the proteomic sequencing depth and functional analysis of highly complex samples. The growing amount of public high-throughput sequencing data will only exacerbate this problem. We designed a broadly applicable metaproteomic analysis method (ComPIL) that addresses protein database size limitations.ResultsOur approach to overcome this significant limitation in metaproteomics was to design a scalable set of sequence databases assembled for optimal library querying speeds. ComPIL was integrated with a modified version of the search engine ProLuCID (termed “Blazmass”) to permit rapid matching of experimental spectra. Proof-of-principle analysis of human HEK293 lysate with a ComPIL database derived from high-quality genomic libraries was able to detect nearly all of the same peptides as a search with a human database (~500x fewer peptides in the database), with a small reduction in sensitivity. We were also able to detect proteins from the adenovirus used to immortalize these cells. We applied our method to a set of healthy human gut microbiome proteomic samples and showed a substantial increase in the number of identified peptides and proteins compared to previous metaproteomic analyses, while retaining a high degree of protein identification accuracy, and allowing for a more in-depth characterization of the functional landscape of the samples.ConclusionsThe combination of ComPIL with Blazmass allows proteomic searches to be performed with database sizes much larger than previously possible. These large database searches can be applied to complex meta-samples with unknown composition or proteomic samples where unexpected proteins may be identified. The protein database, proteomics search engine, and the proteomic data files for the 5 microbiome samples characterized and discussed herein are open source and available for use and additional analysis.
Initiation of mtDNA transcription is followed by pausing, and diverge across human cell types and during evolution
Authors: Blumberg Amit , Rice Edward J. , Kundaje Anshul , Danko Charles G. , Mishmar Dan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are long known to be co-transcribed in polycistrones, yet it remains impossible to study nascent mtDNA transcripts quantitatively in vivo using existing tools. To this end we used deep sequencing (GRO-seq and PRO-seq) and analyzed nascent mtDNA-encoded RNA transcripts in diverse human cell lines and metazoan organisms. Surprisingly, accurate detection of human mtDNA transcription initiation sites (TIS) in the heavy and light strands revealed a novel conserved transcription pausing site near the light strand TIS, upstream to the transcription-replication transition region. This pausing site correlated with the presence of a bacterial pausing sequence motif, yet the transcription pausing index varied quantitatively among the cell lines. Analysis of non-human organisms enabledde novomtDNA sequence assembly, as well as detection of previously unknown mtDNA TIS, pausing, and transcription termination sites with unprecedented accuracy. Whereas mammals (chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, rat, and mouse) showed a human-like mtDNA transcription pattern, the invertebrate pattern (Drosophila and C. elegans) profoundly diverged. Our approach paves the path towards in vivo, quantitative, reference sequence-free analysis of mtDNA transcription in all eukaryotes.