bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis del delito de desobediencia y resistencia a la autoridad en la legislación peruana
Authors: Juárez Muñoz Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2017

El delito de desobediencia y resistencia a la autoridad se encuentra previsto en el artículo 368 del Código Penal, que sanciona la conducta del agente que no cumple u obstruye la orden impartida por la autoridad en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Estas figuras penales tienen como finalidad combatir las conductas obstruccionistas de las personas frente a los actos ejecutivos de la administración pública, que pone en marcha el aparato estatal para lograr el buen funcionamiento de la administración pública y el bien común de las personas. Entre las figuras de la desobediencia y resistencia existe una marcada diferencia. La primera de ellas se produce cuando el agente no cumple a través de una conducta negativa una orden emitida por la autoridad. En cambio, lamodalidad de resistencia se suscita cuando el sujeto activo con un accionar positivo se opone ante la ejecución de la orden. Producto de la práctica diaria, en el presente trabajo se han escogido algunas jurisprudencias y casos prácticos que se suscitan en el diario trajín de la administración pública y la sociedad. Asimismo, estos delitos se invocan con frecuencia en todas las institucionesy se denuncian ante el Ministerio Público; sin embargo, en la vida práctica para su configuración se requieren ciertas formalidades, como que la orden legalmente impartida se encuentre establecida de manera adecuada y que sea de pleno conocimiento del obligado.
Peningkatan Ketahanan Pribadi Siswa dalam Pelajaran Matematika melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif STAD Siswa Kelas XI TKR-2 SMK Negeri I Singosari
Authors: Djulikah Djulikah 
Published: December 2017

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekripsikan (1) penggunaan pembelajaran kooperatif STAD untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pribadi siswa dalam pelajaran matematika; (2) hasil penggunaan pembelajaran kooperatif STAD untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pribadi siswa dalam pelajaran matematika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode deskrip.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Dari siklus ke siklus menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan senantiasa meningkatkan kualitas pelaksanaan belajar kelompok. Lokasi penelitian di Kelas XI TKR-2 SMKN I Singosari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pribadi siswa SMK Negeri 1 Singosari dalam belajar matematika, (2) ketahanan pribadi siswa meningkat dengan indikator 63% siswa berani bertanya, 60% siswa berani berpendapat, 83% siswa berani memulai pekerjaan dan kebiasaan mencontoh kuis pekerjaan teman baru mencapai 58 %. Kata-kata Kunci : Ketahanan Pribadi, Belajar Matematika, Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD
ABORDAGEM TEMÁTICA E CONHECIMENTO ESCOLAR CIENTÍFICO COMPLEXO: ORGANIZAÇÕES TEMÁTICA E CONCEITUAL PARA PROPOSIÇÃO DE PERCURSOS ABERTOS
Authors: Watanabe Giselle , Kawamura Maria Regina Dubeux 
Published: December 2017

O conhecimento escolar das ciências, de forma tradicional, especialmente no ensino médio, consolida-se a partir de um conjunto de conteúdos conceituais que refletem uma dada construção histórica da ciência de referência, seja ela Biologia, Física ou Química. Nesse formato, os livros didáticos apresentam, em geral, uma visão mais determinista e reducionista. Esse esquema tem consequências que impactam na formação dos alunos, dentre as quais uma aprendizagem mecanizada e com pouco significado. Em um movimento de contraposição a essas limitações, vêm sendo propostas e discutidas, na área de pesquisa em ensino de ciências, abordagens denominadas temáticas, que propõem o tratamento um dado tema, considerado de relevância para a formação dos jovens. No entanto, a organização por temas dificulta sua inserção na cultura escolar curricular. Diante dessa questão, esse artigo pretende investigar possíveis formas de aproximação entre as duas abordagens mencionadas (tradicional e temática), identificando possibilidades para a construção de um conhecimento com potencial para promover uma formação mais crítica e reflexiva. Com essa perspectiva, metodologicamente, a pesquisa propõe uma reflexão teórica a partir do olhar da complexidade acerca dos trabalhos com temas, mas considerando a realidade escolar nacional. Dessas considerações emergem, por contraposição, a proposta de articulação entre duas formas de organização, uma conceitual e outra temática, que abrem espaço para escolhas diversificadas por parte dos professores, a partir de considerações de seus cotidianos escolares e dos objetivos formativos pretendidos. Essas escolhas são representadas pelo que denominamos de percursos temáticos abertos. Dos resultados, conclui-se que as estratégias propostas podem promover um outro olhar da ciência, o da complexidade, possibilitando tratar questões de natureza aberta e dinâmica e, com isso, abrir espaços para reflexões sobre sentidos, atitudes e valores. Ao mesmo tempo, apontam para formas de atuação dos professores com maior autonomia e protagonismo.
Témoignages de la génération post-génocide au Rwanda : transmission et quête dans Un papa de sang de Jean Hatzfeld
Authors: Dusaillant-Fernandes Valérie 
Published: December 2017

Après Dans le nu de la vie (2000), Une saison des machettes (2003), La stratégie des antilopes (2007) et Englebert des collines (2014), Hatzfeld s’efface le temps d’un nouvel ouvrage, Un papa de sang (2015), pour porter son attention sur les enfants de victimes et de bourreaux dépositaires d’une souffrance qui ne leur appartient pas directement. Issus de familles Hutu ou Tutsi, ces jeunes, âgés de 16 à 20 ans, ne peuvent assimiler complètement des événements qu’ils n’ont pas connus et doivent, par la force des choses, s’efforcer de vivre dans le sillage d’un passé qui renvoie à l’horreur. Pour mieux comprendre l’impact inter- et transgénérationnel du génocide de 1994, nous proposons d’examiner la prise de parole d’adolescents et de jeunes adultes à travers les témoignages recueillis par Jean Hatzfeld et retranscrits dans Un papa de sang.
Comment ces adolescents et jeunes adultes ont-ils découvert leur l’histoire familiale et de quelle façon évoquent-ils cette percée des secrets et des tabous ? Comment perçoivent-ils leur identité dans un pays où les « directives gouvernementales excluent les mots "hutu" et "tutsi" du langage de la société rwandaise » (155) ? Quelles démarches entreprennent-ils pour découvrir la vérité sur le passé familial ? Comment expriment-ils leurs craintes ? Font-ils part de méthodes particulières pour obtempérer aux exigences du vivre-ensemble ? Quels sont les expressions ou les mots choisis pour décrire les émotions ressenties lors de la semaine de deuil national qui se tient annuellement du 7 au 14 avril ? À quoi aspirent ces jeunes qui fréquentent les cafés Internet et découvrent une vérité parfois cachée par les voisins ou leurs proches ? Autant de questions auxquelles notre article tente de répondre à travers l’analyse de l’ouvrage d’Hatzfeld.
AVALIAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS: Um Estudo Bibliométrico das Publicações nas Revistas Brasileiras
Authors: MARQUES EDDIE RAONI , FALCÃO GLAUBER QUIRINO 
Published: December 2017

As dinâmicas do mercado demandam cada vez mais estimativas dos valores das empresas, tal procedimento é denominado Avaliação de Empresas ou, também, conhecido como Valuation. Esse estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características em torno das publicações que tratam do tema “Avaliação de empresas”. Para atender a esse objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa documental, com ênfase descritiva e de caráter quantitativo. O estudo tomou por orientação o seguinte problema: quais são as características das publicações sobre avaliação de empresas, em artigos publicados nas revistas brasileiras? O Universo estudado abrangeu artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2015 e que se encontram disponíveis no sistema de busca do portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Como critérios de identificação das publicações, foram selecionados os materiais que traziam o termo “avaliação de empresas” no título, palavraschave e/ou resumo. Os resultados foram analisados a partir de três grupos principais: características dos periódicos, características dos autores e características dos artigos. As contribuições apresentadas permitirão nortear futuras pesquisas em torno da temática, como também contribuir com informações pertinentes para os periódicos que publicam sobre o assunto.
Three-Dimension Numerical Simulation of Scour Temporal Changes due to Flow in the Downstream of Combined Weirs and Gate Model
Authors: Sadeghi Googheri Yaser , Saneie Mojtaba , Ershadi Sirous 
Published: December 2017

Most of weirs create a region with relatively static water in upstream, which can be the place of sediments and wastes deposition in water. Sediments accumulation in upstream changes flow conditions. In this case, combined weir and gate can be propounded as a useful solution. In the present paper, Flow3D was used to numerically simulate temporal changes of scour in combined free flow over weirs and below gates. Numerical modeling was run after fully preparing and the obtained data was analyzed under three-dimensional conditions. Comparing experimental and numerical results with data fitness revealed that determination coefficient (R2) of the numerical model results to the experimental model results is 0.94. Also, it was found that the relative error of the numerical model results relative to the experimental results equals 7.36%. Further, it was found that at the start of computations in the numerical model, compared to the end of running the model, the turbulent energy dissipation was decreased to 38% and decreasing the turbulent energy dissipation led to the creation of scour hole balance in the numerical model.
Factors Affecting Understandibility of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Preparation of Financial Statement Based on SAK ETAP in Palembang
Authors: Budiman Anton Indra , Tjandrakirana Rina , Daud Rochmawati , Ermadiani Ermadiani , Delamat Harun , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah 
Published: December 2017

The role of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) are to improve the economy and reduce the unemployment in Indonesia is widely significant regarding to the growth of MSME growth in every year. However, MSMEs often find some problem which obstruct its business growth especially about the ffunding. The phenomena that exist today, many MSMEs only using funds/private capital to develop their business with reason their business is still in early growth. In fact, instead in early growth, MSMEs must do the innovation in order to be more competitive in the marketplace. In 2015, Indonesia was starting to face Asean Economic Community (AEC) where as the market competition will be more competitive for MSMEs. Therefore, to provide private capital also required other capital (loans) from third parties to fund the business growth of MSMEs. The reason why MSMEs do not make loans from other parties is about the unavailability of the financial statements based on SAK ETAP which can facilitate to access bank lending. Unavailability of financial statements in accordance with SAK ETAP on MSMEs has several factors, namely, costs are relatively expensive to pay for experts in the field of accounting, a lack of understanding in presenting financial statement based on SAK ETAP and the perceptions of MSMEs that considesr the financial statements are not urgency to do. This research aims to obtain empirical evidences whether the giving of information and socialization, educational background, level of education, size of enterprises and long effect on the understanding of MSMes in presenting financial statements based on SAK ETAP on MSMEs. The object in this study is MSMEs in Palembang city with number of respondents of 40 MSMEs with characteristics of small and medium enterprises. Data retrieval in this study using a questionnaire which is then processed using logistic regression analysis. The results of the study prove that giving information and socialization, educational background, level of education and business size do not affect on the understanding of MSMes in presenting financial statements based on the SAK ETAP on MSMEs. Only long effect affect on the understandability of MESMEs in presenting the financial statement.Keywords: SAK ETAP on MSMEs, Financial Statements, Understandibility of MSMEs.
Effect of Hyssopus officinalis essential oil on chronic stress-induced memory and learning impairment in male mice
Authors: Salehi Azadeh , Setorki Mahbubeh 
Published: December 2017

<p class="Abstract">The present study investigated the effect of H. officinalis essential oil on avoidance memory in chronic stress-induced. Mice were exposed to chronic immobilization stress and were treated with H. officinalis essential oil for 21 days. Memory and learning were measured using shuttle box. The serum levels of corticosterone, malondialdehyde, antioxidant capacity, brain malondialdehyde level and antioxidant capacity were measured. Treatment with 75 mg/kg of H. officinalis essential oil caused a significant increase in t2 duration under chronic stress. Serum and brain malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased under stress treated with 75 mg/kg of H. officinalis essential oil. Brain and serum antioxidant capacity significantly increased under stress treated with 75 mg/kg of H. officinalis essential oil. The group that received 75 mg/kg of H. officinalis essential oil (inside the restrainer) had insignificantly lower serum corticosterone levels. H. officinalis essential oil has anti-anxiety effects and can promote memory and learning under chronic immobilization stress.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>Avoidance memory test (t1): 0 min 44 sec: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/QTITrGSzhDw">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTITrGSzhDw">Alternate</a></p><p>Avoidance memory test (t2): 1 min 2 sec: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/uCpa52hCCSg">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCpa52hCCSg">Alternate</a></p>
Etiology, epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute diarrhea in hospitalized children in rural Peru
Authors: Cornejo-Tapia Angela , Orellana- Peralta Fiorella , Weilg Pablo , Bazan-Mayra Jorge , Cornejo-Pacherres Hernán , Ulloa-Urizar Gabriela , Aguilar-Luis Miguel Angel , Pons Maria Jesus , Del Valle-Mendoza Juana 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Diarrhea remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age especially in low-income countries. In Peru, epidemiological reports about enteropathogens related to acute diarrhea are scarce in rural areas. The aim of this study was to describe the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of the principal causes of acute infectious diarrhea in in a northern rural region of Peru.
Methodology: A prospective study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2012 to describe the main pathogens causing acute diarrhea using PCR assay.
Results: A total of 117 children diagnosed with acute diarrhea were included in the study. A single etiological agent was identified in 41.03% of samples, being rotavirus followed by norovirus and Shigella. Co-infections containing virus and bacteria were found in 22.22% of samples. Vomiting was most commonly found symptoms in 58.97% cases followed by fever (54.70%). Malnutrition was detected in 14.53% of the children.
Conclusions: High prevalence of rotavirus, as well as adenovirus and norovirus, was observed in the present study. Shigella was the most common bacteria found in acute diarrhea in the area. The implementation of a better surveillance system is mandatory in order to identify the principal etiologies of gastroenteritis in the rural areas of Peru and to develop of better prevention strategies and reduce diarrhea-associated mortalities.
A multiplex assay of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in genital specimens
Authors: Nateghi Rostami Mahmoud , Hossein Rashidi Batool , Nazari Razieh , Aghsaghloo Fatemeh , Habibi Azam 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: A significant proportion of patients with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are coinfected with multiple pathogens. We report here development of a multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N.gonorrhoeae) and Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis) in genital specimens from women.
Methodology: After detection of the organisms by routine techniques including PCR, culture and direct smear, multiplex-PCR was optimized to detect ompI gene of CT, parC of NG, ITS ribosomal RNA of TV as target genes. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined using serially diluted genomic DNA from known number of each pathogen.
Results: Totally 300 volunteers with mean age of 36.5 ±7.03 years were included and 266 (88.7%) had genitourinary clinical manifestations. Of 300 women, 150 (50.0%) were infected. Of them, 17 (5.7%) had N. gonorrhoeae, 98 (32.7%) T. vaginalis and 35 (11.7%) C. trachomatis. Multiplex-PCR revealed a total of 10 coinfections (3.3%) including 2 specimens of C. trachomatis/ N. gonorrhoeae, 3 specimens of C .trachomatis/ T. vaginalis and 5 specimens of N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis coinfections. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex-PCR for detecting N. gonorrhoeae were 100% and 98.59% (279 of 283) respectively and, for C. trachomatis and T. vaginalis were 100%. The LOD was 0.1 pg of DNA for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, and 1.5 pg for T. vaginalis.
Conclusions: The performance of this multiplex-PCR makes it a sensitive, rapid and affordable technique in clinical laboratory for simultaneous detection of STIs.
Bovine ephemeral fever epidemics in Kingdom Saudi Arabia: clinical, epidemiological and molecular investigation
Authors: Zaghawa Ahmed A , Housawi Fadhel , Al-Naeem Abdulmohsen , Elsify Ahmed , Hegazy Yamen Mohammed 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattle and water buffalo causes acute febrile disease.
Methodology: The clinical picture and epidemiological pattern of BEF were described among cattle in epidemics of 2007, 2009 and 2011 in four geographical regions of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh). Serum samples were tested using VNT. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were carried out for the first time in KSA.
Results: The main clinical symptoms were fever, stiffness, lameness, salivation and subcutaneous emphysema. The prevalence and the mortality rate of BEF have decreased from 70% and 4.6% in 2007 to 30% and 0.6% in 2011, respectively in the 4 studied areas. There was no region association with higher prevalence of BEF. The intracluster correlation (ICC) was estimated for the first time in KSA as 0.0034. BEFV had been isolated from 11 out of 20 samples (55%) and isolation was confirmed by VNT. The molecular detection of BEFV by RT-PCR and real- time RT-qPCR were found more sensitive for diagnosis of the disease than virus isolation; 80% and 90% for the former tests and 55% for the latter. Three isolates were sequenced, they showed 84.7% - 100% identities in between and shared 90.4%-96.5% sequence identity with a previously published sequence from Australia (KF679404). The generated sequences belonged to 3rd cluster of BEFV glycoprotein.
Conclusions: BEF occurrence has cyclic nature and the efficacy of vaccines prepared from local strains has to be evaluated and considered in diseases control.
Colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and the role of N-acetylcysteine: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bozkurt Ilkay , Sharma Asheesh , Esen Saban 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Colistin is associated with dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. N-acetylcycteine (NAC) may reduce the risk of concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI) due to its antioxidant properties. We report a retrospective cohort study evaluating the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the development of colistin (COL) associated nephrotoxicity.
Methodology: A single centre retrospective cohort study was conducted in a university hospital between January 2014 and June 2015. Nephrotoxicity was defined and staged per the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease) criteria. We evaluated the association between NAC use and COL-related nephrotoxicity by comparing the incidence of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving colistin with or without adjunctive NAC.
Results: Forty-six patients received intravenous (IV) COL and 46 patients received IV NAC+COL. The cumulative COL doses did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.802). The initial creatinine value doubled in 29 (63%) patients undergoing NAC+COL therapy and in 27 (58.7%) patients in the COL group (p = 0.669). The median doubling time of baseline creatinine was 6 and 7 days in the NAC+COL and COL groups, respectively. The mean hospital stay, potentially nephrotoxic agent use, and mortality rates were statistically higher for the patients receiving NAC+COL (p < 0.005).
Conclusions: The present study was not able to reveal any beneficial effect of NAC for patients undergoing COL therapy. The NAC+COL group had a higher baseline risk for development of AKI. However, the incidence of AKI was comparable between the groups. The results of the study would not solely exhibit the protective effect of adjunctive NAC therapy.
Synoviocytes-derived Interleukin 35 Potentiates B Cell Response in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kam Ngar-Woon , Liu Dehua , Cai Zhe , Mak Wah-Yan , Wong Chun-Kwok , Chiu Kwok-Hing , Wong Kam-Yiu , Tsang Wai-Leuk , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: December 2017

Objective.Elevated expression of interleukin 35 (IL-35) is associated with autoimmune disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study was undertaken to determine the functional interaction among IL-35, B cells, and stromal cells residing in the synovium of patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.IL-35 (EBI-3/p35) expression was investigated in RA and OA synovium using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. IL-35 receptor (IL-35R) expression on B cells dissociated from synovium and periphery of patients with RA, OA, and healthy donor controls (HC) was determined by flow cytometry. The degree of B cells activation after IL-4 and/or IL-35 stimulation was measured by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. Synovial fibroblasts (SF) purified from RA and OA synovium were cocultured with peripheral HC B cells in the presence/absence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and with/without anti-IL-35–blocking antibodies.Results.EBI-3/p35 transcripts were expressed in close proximity to B cells residing in RA and OA synovium. IL-35R subunits, gp130 and IL-27Rα, but not IL-12Rβ2, were expressed in B cells extracted from the synovium and periphery of patients with RA/OA. Notably, RA synovium expressed the highest level of IL-27Rα on their cell surface. IL-35 induced proliferation and IgG production in HC B cells. Cocultures of HC B cells with RASF, but not OASF, exhibited significantly elevated B cells activation. TNF-α–induced, RASF-dependent secretion of IgG in B cells is partly IL-35–dependent.Conclusion.To our knowledge, for the first time we demonstrated that synovial/peripheral B cells expressed IL-35R and were responsive to IL-35 stimulation. SF residing in RA synovium can be linked to B cell activation and maintenance in RA synovium through IL-35.