bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Depiction of Superficial White Matter Using Ultra‐High‐Resolution Diffusion MRI
Authors: Zhang Fan , Chen Yuqian , Ning Lipeng , Rushmore Jarrett , Liu Qiang , Du Mubai , Hassanzadeh‐Behbahani Shiva , Legarreta Jon Haitz , Yeterian Edward , Makris Nikos , Rathi Yogesh , O'Donnell Lauren J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe superficial white matter (SWM) consists of numerous short‐range association fibers connecting adjacent and nearby gyri and plays an important role in brain function, development, aging, and various neurological disorders. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography is an advanced imaging technique that enables in vivo mapping of the SWM. However, detailed imaging of the small, highly‐curved fibers of the SWM is a challenge for current clinical and research dMRI acquisitions. This work investigates the efficacy of mapping the SWM using in vivo ultra‐high‐resolution dMRI data. We compare the SWM mapping performance from two dMRI acquisitions: a high‐resolution 0.76‐mm isotropic acquisition using the generalized slice‐dithered enhanced resolution (gSlider) protocol and a lower resolution 1.25‐mm isotropic acquisition obtained from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult (HCP‐YA) database. Our results demonstrate significant differences in the cortico‐cortical anatomical connectivity that is depicted by these two acquisitions. We perform a detailed assessment of the anatomical plausibility of these results with respect to the nonhuman primate (macaque) tract‐tracing literature. We find that the high‐resolution gSlider dataset is more successful at depicting a large number of true positive anatomical connections in the SWM. An additional cortical coverage analysis demonstrates significantly higher cortical coverage in the gSlider dataset for SWM streamlines under 40 mm in length. Overall, we conclude that the spatial resolution of the dMRI data is one important factor that can significantly affect the mapping of SWM. Considering the relatively long acquisition time, the application of dMRI tractography for SWM mapping in future work should consider the balance of data acquisition efforts and the efficacy of SWM depiction.
Comprehensive analysis of prognostic and immunological role of basement membrane‐related genes in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Nie Guang‐hua , Liu Cheng‐yi , Tian Zhao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue sarcoma (STS) represents highly multifarious malignant tumors that often occur in adolescents and have a poor prognosis. The basement membrane, as an ancient cellular matrix, was recently proven to play a vital role in developing abundant tumors. The relationship between basement membrane‐related genes and STS remains unknown.MethodsConsensus clustering was employed to identify subgroups related to differentially expressed basement membrane‐related genes. Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were utilized to construct this novel signature. Then, we established a nomogram and calibration curve, including the risk score and available clinical characteristics. Finally, we carried out functional enrichment analysis and immune microenvironment analysis to investigate enriched pathways and the tumor immune microenvironment related to the novel signature.ResultsA prognostic predictive signature consisting of eight basement membrane‐related genes was established. Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated that the patients in the high‐risk group had a poor prognosis. Independent analysis illustrated that this risk model could be an independent prognostic predictor. We validated the accuracy of our signature in the validation data set. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis and immune microenvironment analysis showed that patients with low‐risk scores were enriched in some pathways associated with immunity. Finally, in vitro experiments showed significantly differential expression levels of these signature genes in STS cells and PSAT1 could promote the malignant behavior of STS.ConclusionsThe novel signature is a promising prognostic predictor for STS. The present study may improve the prognosis and enhance individualized treatment for STS in the future.
Analysis of occlusal clearance of crown preparations in a predoctoral clinical setting
Authors: Bennett Gregory W. , Jarecke Lucas , Wordekemper Luke , Sundine Makena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study sought to assess the presence and location of inadequate tooth preparation performed by predoctoral dental students by scanning mounted casts submitted for monolithic zirconia crown fabricationMethodsAn intraoral scanner capable of volumetric measurements of crown preparations was used to analyze 56 crown preparations on mounted stone casts before submission to a lab for crown fabrication. The mounted casts were scanned individually and then a buccal bite was scanned to stitch the models together into virtual occlusion. The distance between the crown preparations and opposing dentition was displayed volumetrically, and the minimum clearance of each preparation was recorded for both the functional and non‐functional cusps. Preparations were evaluated for adequate interocclusal clearance and comparisons were made using a Chi‐square test with α = 0.05 with respect to tooth location, functional versus nonfunctional cusp, and or single versus multi‐unit preparation.ResultsOver 47% of mounted casts with crown preparations analyzed for the study exhibited a lack of occlusal clearance in at least one area. Functional cusps were more often under‐reduced than non‐functional (p < 0.001). No other comparisons were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates a high percentage of under‐reduced crown preparations in a predoctoral clinic and emphasizes the utility of quality control and analysis via digital scanning of crown preparations prior to crown fabrication.
Dental and dental hygiene students’ perceptions on intraprofessional education
Authors: Henesy Mhairi A. , Henderson Rebecca P. , Gross Erin L. , Shah Anjum , Kearney Rachel C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeInterprofessional education and intraprofessional learning experiences are fundamental to becoming an efficient member of the healthcare team for dental and dental hygiene students.The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes and perceptions of The Ohio State University's dental and dental hygiene students on intraprofessional education and collaboration.MethodsDental and dental hygiene students at The Ohio State College of Dentistry were surveyed in this cross‐sectional study about their readiness for intraprofessional learning. The questionnaire was modeled after a study conducted by Brame et al. which focused on assessing students’ readiness for intraprofessional education and determining their perceptions towards the use of intraprofessional education.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy students completed the questionnaire for a 61.3% response rate. Dental hygiene students agreed more to how incorporating shared learning would help to think more positively about other oral health care professionals (p = 0.025) and would help students to become better oral health care team members (p = 0.002). Dental students agreed more than dental hygiene students that the function of a dental hygienist is to provide support for dentists (p ≤ 0.001) and that they must acquire more knowledge than other oral health care students (p ≤ 0.001). Most students (93%) agreed that intraprofessional learning would help in becoming a more effective oral health care team member.ConclusionDental hygiene students feel more strongly than dental students about including intraprofessional education in their learning. However, all students were receptive to the idea of incorporating intraprofessional practices.
Novel Image‐Guided Simulator for Transcervical Intralaryngeal Injection Training
Authors: Kaiser Zane , Zeatoun Abdullah , Shah Rupali N. , Buckmire Robert A. 
Published: October 2024

Objective(s)To assess the impact of a novel 3D‐printed simulation model with Brainlab Image Guidance on enhancing otolaryngology residents' skills and confidence in performing transcervical intralaryngeal injection (TII) compared with conventional training methods.MethodsUtilizing a 3D‐printed larynx model derived from computed tomography (CT) scans, this study involved 16 otolaryngology residents divided into two groups for TII training: one with Brainlab Image Guidance (LMIG) and the other without (LM). Pre‐ and post‐training evaluations measured participants' confidence while the Brainlab system measured the accuracy of their needle placements.ResultsAfter training, participants exhibited a significant increase in confidence with an average rise from 1.56 to 2.75 on a 5‐point scale. The LMIG group outperformed the LM group in accuracy achieving statistically significant reductions in target distances after training (3.5 mm right, 3.6 mm left). The LMIG also demonstrated a significantly greater increase in procedural confidence over the LM group after training.ConclusionThe TII laryngeal model with Brainlab Image Guidance significantly improves procedural confidence and accuracy among otolaryngology residents, signifying potential advantage over a more conventional training approach. The model's realistic tactile and live instrument positioning feedback augments the process of surgical skill refinement in a controlled, risk‐free, simulation environment.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:763–768, 2025
Nanoengineering‐armed oncolytic viruses drive antitumor response: progress and challenges
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shi Xinyu , Shen Yifan , Dong Xiulin , He Ruiqing , Chen Guo , Zhang Yan , Tan Honghong , Zhang Kun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a powerful tool in cancer therapy. Characterized with the unique abilities to selectively target and lyse tumor cells, OVs can expedite the induction of cell death, thereby facilitating effective tumor eradication. Nanoengineering‐derived OVs overcome traditional OV therapy limitations by enhancing the stability of viral circulation, and tumor targeting, promising improved clinical safety and efficacy and so on. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted mechanisms through which engineered OVs can suppress tumor progression. It initiates with a concise delineation on the fundamental attributes of existing OVs, followed by the exploration of their mechanisms of the antitumor response. Amid rapid advancements in nanomedicine, this review presents an extensive overview of the latest developments in the synergy between nanomaterials, nanotechnologies, and OVs, highlighting the unique characteristics and properties of the nanomaterials employed and their potential to spur innovation in novel virus design. Additionally, it delves into the current challenges in this emerging field and proposes strategies to overcome these obstacles, aiming to spur innovation in the design and application of next‐generation OVs.
Navigating a 1E+60 Chemical Space of Peptide/Peptoid Oligomers
Authors: Orsi Markus , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein we report a virtual library of 1E+60 members, a common estimate for the total size of the drug‐like chemical space. The library is obtained from 100 commercially available peptide and peptoid building blocks assembled into linear or cyclic oligomers of up to 30 units, forming molecules within the size range of peptide drugs and potentially accessible by solid‐phase synthesis. We demonstrate ligand‐based virtual screening (LBVS) using the peptide design genetic algorithm (PDGA), which evolves a population of 50 members to resemble a given target molecule using molecular fingerprint similarity as fitness function. Target molecules are reached in less than 10,000 generations. Like in many journeys, the value of the chemical space journey using PDGA lies not in reaching the target but in the journey itself, here by encountering non‐obvious analogs. We also show that PDGA can be used to generate median molecules and analogs of non‐peptide target molecules.
Phlegmatization of TATP using a Vacuum Oil: Comparison with Diesel Oil and Demonstration of the Effect using a Large‐Scale Impact Tester
Authors: Jeunieau Laurence , Van Riet Romuald , Simoens Bart 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTATP is a home‐made explosive that was used in several terrorist attacks. It is highly sensitive to impact and friction. Consequently, safe disposal methods are required for the Explosive Ordnance Disposable (EOD) teams. One such method is the phlegmatization of TATP. In this article, the ability of a vacuum oil to phlegmatize TATP is presented and compared to that of Diesel oil. The friction sensitivity of the mixtures containing the two tested phlegmatizers, as determined with a standard BAM friction test device, was slightly lower when the vacuum oil was used. The impact sensitivity obtained using a standard BAM Fall Hammer was low when a large amount of vacuum oil was used. By comparison, a mixture prepared in the same condition with Diesel oil at the place of the vacuum oil exhibits a high sensitivity to impact. A homemade sensitivity impact device was used to test the sensitivity of TATP in a different way: larger amounts of TATP and less confined samples were tested. Similar results were obtained for both phlegmatizers when the homemade test device was used. This could be attributed to the lower confinement of the sample when tested on a larger scale. Following the results obtained with the standard BAM Fall Hammer and the precautionary principle, the use of the selected vacuum oil, Invoil oil is recommended to phlegmatize TATP. The phlegmatization of wet TATP was also investigated. Similar results were obtained for dry and wet TATP.
Appropriate sampling to aid on‐farm assessments of the haplotype composition of Zymoseptoria tritici populations
Authors: Harrison Catherine , Boonham Neil , Macarthur Roy , Parr Michael David , van den Berg Femke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDZymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which is the biggest threat to wheat in the UK. Azole fungicides have been used since the 1980s to control STB, but resistance to these chemicals is now widespread. The main resistance mechanism is based on the accumulation of CYP51 mutations, with 33 mutations reported. Hence, farmers need an accurate estimate of the haplotype composition of Z. tritici populations to develop effective fungicide treatments and resistance management.RESULTSIsolates from Z. tritici lesions were collected from three fields across three commercial farms using two sampling approaches. Analysis of the isolate sequences revealed that the number of distinct haplotypes and the haplotype composition of the most dominant haplotypes varied only between and not within farms. Conventional W‐shaped and point sampling both found the same percentage of distinct haplotypes and frequencies of the six most dominant haplotypes.CONCLUSIONThe results from this survey suggest that farm‐resistance‐management strategies should be based on farm‐specific rather than national data, and that sampling within a single field is sufficient. W‐shaped sampling is often recommended in sampling approaches, but this survey finds no evidence of this approach being more appropriate for detecting a greater percentage of distinct haplotypes which may aid the discovery of potential new resistance threats. © 2024 Fera Science Ltd. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Balance Index to Determine the Follow‐Up Duration of Oncology Trials
Authors: Yang Lei , Lu Feinan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSeveral indices were suggested to determine the follow up duration in oncology trials from either maturity or stability perspective, by maximizing time such that the index was either greater or less than a pre‐defined cutoff value. However, the selection of cutoff value was subjective and usually no commonly agreed cutoff value existed; sometimes one had to resort to simulations. To solve this problem, a new balance index was proposed, which integrated both data stability and data maturity. Its theoretical properties and relationships with other indices were investigated; then its performance was demonstrated through a case study. The highlights of the index are: (1) easy to calculate; (2) free of cutoff value selection; (3) generally consistent with the other indices while sometimes able to shorten the follow‐up duration thus more flexible. For the cases where the new balance index cannot be calculated, a modified balance index was also proposed and discussed. For either single arm trial or randomized clinical trial, the two new balance indices can be implemented to widespread situations such as designing a new trial from scratch, or using aggregated trial information to inform the decision‐making in the middle of trial conduct.
On the thermodynamic invariance of fine‐grain and coarse‐grain fluid models
Authors: Dubos Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThermodynamics is an essential ingredient of fine‐grain and coarse‐grain models of oceanic and atmospheric flows. Thermodynamic functions and conservative variables, for a given set of observable quantities such as pressure, temperature, and composition, may be defined up to a certain degree of arbitrariness, in the sense that the predictions of the fine‐grain model are insensitive to, for example, some reference enthalpies, entropies, or pressures. Since the compressible Navier–Stokes model, regarded as a “mother” fine‐grain model, is invariant with respect to arbitrary changes in reference enthalpies and entropies, restricted only by phase change, any coarse‐grain model obtained from it, even conceptually, must be invariant at least to the same extent. A framework is devised that enables the systematic examination of this invariance. It is found that the dependence of usual conservative variables on a reference pressure propagates to their fluxes and gradients, and to downgradient closures based on them. To resolve this issue, it is shown how to construct invariant “reduced” gradients and fluxes of enthalpy and entropy. Closure relationships between such “reduced” fluxes and gradients are then guaranteed to be invariant. More work is required to address the invariance of more sophisticated closures, especially shallow and deep convective closures.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazoles from Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Alkynyl Ketones Using Environmentally Benign Sulfonium Iodate (I) Reagent
Authors: Mishra Akanksha , Talukdar Mrinal , Krishna Gamidi Rama , Begari Eeshwaraiah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPyrazole is an omnipresent moiety in many natural products and pharmaceutically active compounds. Here, we have developed a simple and dynamic method for one‐pot synthesis of substituted pyrazoles through the intramolecular cyclization of hydrazides and alkynyl ketones, using a novel sulfonium saltbased iodate (І) reagent system. This method has the advantage that it proceeds in a one‐pot, without isolating a less stable hydrazone intermediate. Hypervalent iodine‐based reagents are an environmentally benign and greener option to toxic metal oxidants; they have an extensive application in metal‐catalyst‐free reactions, and this reaction proceeds in less time with high yields.
Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potent Antituberculosis Agents: A Literature Survey of the Past Decade
Authors: Rita  , Kandari Aditi , Benjwal Sakshi , Negi D. S. , Puri Surendra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a serious, life‐threatening infectious disease that mostly affects the lungs and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Still, in 2024, because of its widespreadness, contagious nature, and an increasing number of patients with other diseases, it is hard to cure, and leftovers as the deadliest disease to mankind across the world. In recent years, abundant efforts have been made to cure and eradicate TB, but drug‐resistant TB (DR‐TB) or multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) surges the rate of mortality. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2022, in which the millions of infections and deaths stretched a line of serious concern to the scientists. In pursuit of searching for novel anti‐TB agents, several derivatives of sulfonamides have been synthesized and tested for their anti‐TB activity. It is noteworthy that lead compounds contain sulfonamide functionalities, which are the privileged motifs that act as crucial pharmacophores in many bioactive compounds and have diverse biological activities, including analgesics, antitubercular, antifungal, antidepressant, anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimalarial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. The review encapsulates the latest methods for preparing sulfonamide derivatives and their groundbreaking medicinal applications from 2007 to 2020.
Factors associated with loneliness, depression, and anxiety during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Raio Candace M. , Szuhany Kristin L. , Secmen Aysu , Mellis Alexandra M. , Chen Alan , Adhikari Samrachana , Malgaroli Matteo , Miron Carly D. , Jennings Emma , Simon Naomi M. , Glimcher Paul W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic was an unparalleled stressor that enhanced isolation. Loneliness has been identified as an epidemic by the US Surgeon General. This study aimed to: (1) characterize longitudinal trajectories of loneliness during the acute phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) identify longitudinal mediators of the relationship of loneliness with anxiety and depression; and (3) examine how loneliness naturally clusters and identify factors associated with high loneliness. Two hundred and twenty‐nine adults (78% female; mean age = 39.5 ± 13.8) completed an abbreviated version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, State Anxiety Inventory, and Patient Health Questionnaire‐8 longitudinally between April 2020 and 2021. Trajectory analyses demonstrated relatively stable loneliness over time, while anxiety and depression symptoms declined. Longitudinal analyses indicated that loneliness effects on anxiety and depression were both partially mediated by perceived stress, while emotion regulation capacity only mediated effects on anxiety. Three stable clusters of loneliness trajectories emerged (high, moderate, and low). The odds of moderate or high loneliness cluster membership were positively associated with higher perceived stress and negatively associated with greater cognitive reappraisal use. Our results demonstrate the important interconnections between loneliness and facets of mental health throughout the early phases of the pandemic and may inform targeted future interventions for loneliness work.
Should the Federal Reserve raise its inflation target?
Authors: White Lawrence H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStandard economic reasoning shows that higher inflation imposes higher tax rates on money balances and unindexed savings, causing financial losses to households and reducing their real incomes. The leading cases for the Federal Reserve to raise its inflation target—that more inflation better “greases the wheels” of a sticky‐price economy, or that it beneficially keeps us farther above the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates—rest on supposed gains from higher inflation that do not plausibly outweigh the losses. The “grease” argument that low inflation reduces real GDP is inconsistent with historical experience under low‐inflation regimes. The argument that the inflation target should be raised to give the Federal Reserve “more ammunition” to fight recessions overlooks effective and less costly methods for conducting counter‐recessionary monetary policy, in particular quantitative easing.