bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of memory on the dentally anxious patient's response to dental treatment
Authors: Freeman Ruth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aetiology of dental anxiety is multifactorial. Psychologically traumatising events associated with dental treatment have been shown to be of particular importance. The present investigation examines the role of memory in relation to these traumatic episodes and investigates their influence on the patient's response to dental treatment.The study has shown that patients with dental anxiety have had more experience of “traumatic dental events” (p<0.001), relate the cause of their dental anxiety to specific dental procedures and report more fear of dental treatment than controls. The memories of such traumatic dental events are important indicators of anxiety in the clinical setting, with dentally anxious patients having significantly higher scores for dental anxiety (p<0.001) compared with controls. Furthermore, the memories of these events have a special relevance to the patient's subjective experience of dental anxiety in the here and now. The past event sensitises the susceptible patient and maintains and intensifies the anxiety through a feed-back mechanism, resulting in a vicious circle of anticipatory dental fear.
Female prison transfers to the Central Mental Hospital, a Special Hospital (1983–1988)
Authors: O'Connor Art , O'Neill Helen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring the course of imprisonment, whether on remand or when serving a sentence, people sometimes need to be transferred to a psychiatric hospital. In the Republic of Ireland the only psychiatric hospital a person can be transferred to is the Central Mental Hospital (C.M.H.).We describe 99 female prison transfers to the C.M.H. between 1983 and 1988. The mean age of the 70 sentenced prisoners was 26.43 years and that of the 29 remand prisoners was 33 years. The primary diagnoses were Schizophrenia (11), Mania (7), Depression and Stress (23), Personality Disorder (36), Mental Handicap (2) and Drug Addiction (16). The longest average stay at the hospital was for personality disorders (5 weeks). The longest sentences were for drugs offences. There were no cases of homicide or sex offences. We recommend that many of these cases could be handled in their catchment area hospital rather than in a high security Special Hospital.
Juvenile Huntington's Disease
Authors: O'Shea Brian , Falvey Jane 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA significant minority of cases of Huntington's disease commence before the age of 20 years and these juvenile cases are more likely to demonstrate paternal transmission and a clinical picture dominated by rigidity. Genetic research and positron emission tomography may make early diagnosis easier but predictive testing in childhood is replete with serious problems. There is no specific treatment for this fatal disorder. Juvenile Huntington's disease has a similar pathology and biochemistry to the adult condition despite a shorter course and certain clinical differences, such as rigidity and convulsions. Racial differences are explored.
Alprazolam: just another benzodiazepine?
Authors: O'Shea Brian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe literature on alprazolam is reviewed. It is concluded that it is an effective anxiolytic but that it is not an antidepressant. When used in sufficiently high dosage it can block panic attacks, but it is not the only antipanic agent available. It may be used as an alternative to other benzodiazepines in the acute detoxification of alcoholics. It should be avoided where there is strong individual likelihood of abuse. Chronic usage (more than a few weeks) demands a very slow tapering of dosage. Carbamazepine may ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. The use of alprazolam in other conditions remains unproven.
Improved Subjective Health in Patients in a Post Coronary Rehabilitation Programme
Authors: Conroy Ronan M , Gowan Elizabeth Mc , Mulcahy Risteard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe studied the impact of a first myocardial infarction or episode of unstable angina on four areas of subjective health: wellbeing, perceived functional status, body confidence and emotional symptoms. A questionnaire in which the patient was asked to compare status before and after hospital admission was given to 61 cardiac patients attending follow-up rehabilitation clinics.Worries about health and fears of straining oneself were common in the 24 patients surveyed less than 3 months from discharge. But in patients over 3 months from discharge, sense of wellbeing was significantly improved post-infarction compared with pre-infarction: 86% of patients noting a change reported an improvement. Perceived family role performance was significantly improved, while confidence in work performance and general competence remained unchanged. The prevalences of depression, anxiety and worry were unchanged from pre to post attack, patients in whom these symptoms developed being off-set by patients who lost symptoms.Previously-reported adverse sequelae of acute coronary disease may exaggerate the extent of the problem. Restriction of studies to neurotic symptoms and failure to compare pre and post attack periods may fail to elicit improvements in quality of life associated with rehabilitation and secondary prevention programmes.Running Title: Subjective health in post-coronary patients
Who Fails To Attend At The Psychosexual Clinic? No Help From The Referral Letter
Authors: O'Gorman E , Flanlgan P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne hundred and sixteen new referrals who attended a psychosexual clinic and one hundred and twenty non-attenders are compared on characteristics derived from their referral letters. Only the widowed and divorced are more likely to attend. It is concluded that non-attendance cannot be predicted from the referral letter.
The effects of relocation on long-stay psychiatric patients
Authors: Ferrari Marie A , Corbett Elizabeth A , Cole Margaret M , Corkery Brid , Dunne David F , Morgan Eugene , O'Sullivan Marie , Buckley Mary E 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: To assess the effects of relocation on the social behaviour and mental state of a group of 43 long stay psychiatric patients transferred from an old institution to a modern hospital. Method: Each patient was assessed using the MRC Social Behaviour Schedule and the Manchester Scale. Assessments were carried out prior to relocation and at six weeks and six months after transfer. Results: Some deterioration was apparent in the patients' social behaviour at six weeks following relocation but this trend was reversed to definite improvement at six months. There was an overall marked reduction in hostility and violence following relocation. Patients who showed most improvement in terms of social behaviour were the lower functioning group where greater emphasis was placed on promoting basic self care and social skills rather than on occupational therapy. Changes in mental state, following relocation, were minimal but a slight deterioration occurred especially in the area of negative symptoms. Conclusions: Relocations caused no serious adverse effects in the majority of these patients. The improvement observed in certain aspects of behaviour are attributable to the improved physical and psychological milieu of the receiving hospital.
Therapy for stuttering: experimenting with experimenting
Authors: Leahy Margaret M , Collins Geraldine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn account is given of an approach to group therapy for stuttering using Kelly's personal construct theory as a basis for exploring the understanding of stuttering and the process of change. All five clients who participated showed considerable improvement in fluency on the Riley Stuttering Severity Instrument. Although the improvement may be due to concurrent individual fluency therapy, feedback on the group sessions suggested that group therapy had a positive effect on personal behaviour and facilitated transfer and maintenance of speech fluency.
Impact of training course in behavioural therapy on psychiatric nurses
Authors: Dunne Elizabeth A. , Melinn Aine , Humphreys Tony , Quayle Ethel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA group of psychiatric nurses (N = 15) rated the impact of participation in a one year post-experience training course in behavioural psychotherapy on their personal/family life; professional practice; and professional relationships. Levels of stress associated with different phases of the course were also monitored.Results indicated that the main stresses were associated with re-adjustment of family life over the period of the course and ensuring stability of training placements at the outset of the course. The course fulfilled participants' expectations with regard to improving their clinical practice, and confirmed their view that relationships with psychiatrist colleagues would be unaffected by their participation on the course. Impact on relationships with nurse colleagues was more positive than had been anticipated during the period of the course.
Towards a comprehensive Mayo psychiatric service: a preliminary survey of longstay patients
Authors: Garvey Deirdre A , Finnerty Susan M , Smith Eamon J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA group of 183 longstay psychiatric patients were evaluated regarding their immediate and future discharge potential in order to assist in the future planning of the Mayo Psychiatric Services. Comparisons were made between new longstay patients, who were defined as those who had been in hospital for greater than one but less than five years, and old longstay patients who were in hospital for greater than five years. Age and sex comparisons were also made.While 28% of those included in the survey were thought fit for immediate discharge, a further 18% were thought to require further active rehabilitation before discharge into the community within one year. The accommodation requirements of those needing continuing inpatient care are discussed. Age and length of time in hospital were found to be associated with discharge potential. Sex difference was not found to be significant. Implications for the development of the service are dicussed on the basis of the findings.
Factors influencing perception of risk of HIV acquisition among male heterosexual STD clinic attenders
Authors: Bownes Ian T. , O'Gorman Ethna C. , Dinsmore Wallace W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA variety of demographic, psychosocial, intrapersonal and behavioural factors have been shown to influence behavioural change in response to AIDS education. The study investigated perceived risk of HIV acquisition amongst 50 male heterosexual STD clinic attenders and its relationship to knowledge regarding the nature and prevention of transmission of HIV, current sexual practices, relationship difficulties, sexual dysfunction, alcohol abuse and psychiatric morbidity.The sample demonstrated a good general knowledge about AIDS but there was little evidence of the practice of ‘safer sex’. The overall incidence of psychiatric morbidity was 38%, of problem drinking 52%, of sexual dysfunction 32% and marital/relationship dysfunction 42%. Only 22% felt that their life-style put them at risk of HIV acquisition. It was felt that a narrow emphasis on information in AIDS prevention programmes ignores the powerful effect other factors may have on an individual's motivation to change his behaviour. Evaluation of the cognitions of this at risk group with particular reference to the role of cognitive distortions in perception of risk could provide a means of enhancing the efficacy of future health education campaigns.
Abstinence in treated and untreated opiate abusers: a study of a prison sample
Authors: O'Mahony Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwenty-four out of a systematic sample of 95 Mountjoy prisoners were found to have been daily users of opiates. Half of the opiate using prisoners had been abstinent before entering prison for an average of 17.5 months. However, 11 of the total 24 subjects and seven of the 12 abstinent prisoners had not been exposed to any treatment other than detoxification.
Toxicity of lofepramine in heart disease
Authors: Johnson Bankole A , McCann Jacinta , Johnson Efunbowale A 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLofepramine at the upper limit of its therapeutic range (210mg/day), was associated with the development of sinus tachycardia with atrial ectopic beats and progression of right bundle branch block to trifascicular block in an 82 year old man with a history of heart disease. As with any antidepressant administered in a high therapeutic dose, caution and regular electrocardiographic monitoring of elderly patients with heart disease receiving lofepramine is recommended.
What's Irish about psychiatry?
Authors: Webb Marcus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis lecture examines issues which have preoccupied psychiatrists in Ireland over nearly 200 years, as recounted in their writings. Some issues: alcoholism, high rates for hospitalised mental illness, and the reported suicide rate, have changed little until the last decade. The valuable contributions of Dr. William Saunders Hallaran, Dr. Connolly Norman and Dr. Dermot Walsh have deserved particular mention.
Depressive symptoms in opiate addicts on methadone maintenance
Authors: Williams Hugh , O'Connor John J. , Kinsella Anthony 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSixty seven opiate dependent addicts receiving methadone maintenance completed the Beck Depression Inventory. A high level of depressive symptoms was found. Eighteen (27%) scored in the moderately depressed range while thirty eight (56%) scored in the severely depressed range. There was no statistically significant association between either sex or HIV status and level of symptom reporting. The clinical implications of depressive symptoms in opiate addicts are discussed.
Female homicide
Authors: d'Orbán P T 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe incidence, characteristics and patterns of female homicide are reviewed, with special reference to England and Wales. The male:female ratio for homicide offences (7.6) is similar to the ratio for other offences of violence. However, murder is almost exclusively committed by men, and in the 1980's the annual average of female murder convictions was only 6.5 per annum. By contrast, females relatively more often commit homicide offences related to mental disorder (diminished responsibility manslaughter and infanticide). Women have a better chance of acquittal of murder and are more likely to be dealt with by a Probation Order than imprisonment. About 80% of the victims of female homicide are family members; 40-45% kill their children and about one-third kill their spouse or lover. The patterns of female filicide and parricide are reviewed. Further research is required into patterns of spouse-murder.
The Dark Cartoon: Intrusive Imagery Secondary to Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Katsuura Yoshihiro , Russell Vincent 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report on the case of a middle-aged woman with a complex psychiatric history in whom atypical intrusive imagery identified in the mental status examination appeared to represent an emergence of childhood dissociative phenomena. These new symptoms led to the reappraisal of her clinical presentation and a diagnostic re-evaluation that they represented a re-emergence of childhood post-traumatic stress disorder secondary to sexual abuse. We discuss the phenomenology identified in our patient with the aim of increasing awareness of unusual symptoms in adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse and the importance of the mental state examination in eliciting and classifying such phenomena.
The Teamworking Challenges of Care Planning
Authors: McHugh Patrick , Byrne Micheal 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground: Care planning is a multidisciplinary process used to develop an individualised recovery plan for each service user. The success of this process will depend on the extent to which members of mental health teams can work with one another, with service users, and with other service providers in developing a coordinated plan that meets service user needs across multiple domains.Aims: This paper examined the teamworking challenges that Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs) face during the care planning process and how such challenges may be managed.Method: A narrative review of published articles and policy documents relevant to teamworking and recovery-focused care planning within mental health teams.Findings: Teamworking challenges include the provision of integrated rather than fragmented care, the empowerment of the service user, and development of a distributed model of leadership, responsibility and decision making.Conclusions: CMHTs face a range of substantial but manageable challenges in attempting to implement recovery-focused care planning. Recommendations include the need to integrate recovery-orientated skills and values into professional training, the need for greater multidisciplinary training opportunities, and the need to evaluate CMHTs based on recovery-orientated criteria.
Developing an Integrated Mental Health Care Service: Description of a Pilot Mental Health Consultation/Liaison Clinic in a Primary Care Centre
Authors: Ramperti Nicolas , Golden Daniel De La Harpe , Chinedu Iro , O'Casaide Seathrun , Kelly Frank 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo determine if a consultation/liaison mental health clinic in primary care as proposed for Vision for Change, The Primary Care Strategy and the Department of Health is an efficient model of delivering mental health care in Ireland.Methods: The pattern of service use and the clinical characteristics of new patients attending a pilot consultation/liaison clinic in a local primary care centre were studied.Results: During the first 16 months of this clinic 1.2% of patients did not attend the initial assessment in the liaison clinic versus 29.75% in the regular Outpatients Department (OPD). Less than one in five (17.1%) required a follow-up review with the clinician in the consultation/liaison clinic compared to almost all patients first seen in OPD secondary care (96.6%). A small minority of patients (6.1%) needed referral to secondary care due to the complexity of their presentation.Conclusions: A consultation/liaison mental health clinic in primary care results in an efficient use of manpower resources due to the low Did Not Attend (DNA) rates and low proportion of formal referrals to secondary care. As patients seem to favour this type of setting, over traditional outpatient departments, a move towards consultation/liaison clinics in the primary care team should be considered.
Situational and psycho-social factors associated with relapse following residential detoxification in a population of Irish opioid dependent patients
Authors: Ducray Kevin , Darker Catherine , Smyth Bobby P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAims:To identify and describe the context and factors involved in the opioid lapse process following discharge from an Irish inpatient opioid detoxification treatment programme.Design, participants, setting:Prospective follow-up study of consecutive detoxified opioid dependent patients treated in a specialist inpatient drug dependency unit.Measurements:The Maudsley Addiction Profile and a structured interview were administered to 109 patients, 18–36 months after discharge.Findings:Of 109 people interviewed at follow-up, 102 (94%) reported at least one episode of opioid use after leaving the residential treatment programme. Eighty eight patients (86% of the lapsers) identified more than one major factor contributing to their recidivism. The median number of factors identified as having a major role in the lapse was four. The most frequently reported major contributors to lapse were low mood (62%), difficulties with craving (62%), ease of access to heroin (48%) and missing the support of the treatment centre (43%).Conclusions:Early lapse was common following inpatient treatment of opioid dependence. Lapse tended to result from a number of common, identifiable, high-risk situations, feelings and cognitions which may assist clinicians and patients develop lapse prevention strategies to anticipate and interrupt this process.
The Vron – An Early Intervention In-patient Recovery Unit
Authors: Macpherson Rob , Peddu Pradeep , David Chris 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and aims: This paper describes the context in which the Vron, a six-bedded 24-hour nursed care unit, has developed its role from a fast track rehabilitation unit, to work explicitly within an early intervention service. The study aimed to evaluate the work of the Vron by examining the change in CANSAS, HoNOS and EM scores between admission to and discharge from the unit.Results: Approximately half of the admissions to Vron were from acute psychiatric wards. Most patients were discharged to their own tenancy or supported accommodation. There was a significant reduction in mean HoNOS score and increase in mean EM score during admission. Mean staff and patient-rated unmet needs reduced in the course of admission. In the course of admission, approximately half of the patients developed occupational roles.Discussion and conclusions: The findings of this service evaluation must be interpreted with caution in view of the methodological limitations, in particular the lack of a comparator service intervention. However, it is suggested that units of this type may have a useful role in the rehabilitation of patients with complex severe mental illness, particularly if deployed at an early stage in an individual's illness, to prevent development of disability. The Vron focuses on a number of specific clinical and social areas which align with typical strategies in early intervention.
Did the Great Irish Famine increase schizophrenia?
Authors: Walsh Dermot 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground:Evidence from regions where there have been severe dietary restriction suggests that individualsin uteroduring periods of starvation may subsequently be at increased risk of schizophrenia. Because Ireland was the location of a major nineteenth century famine an attempt has been made to determine whether any such evidence for famine/schizophrenia association can be found.Method:The data used derive mainly from the Annual Reports on the District, Criminal and Private Lunatic Asylums supplied by the Inspectors of Lunacy in Ireland for the relevant years. Nineteenth century diagnostic labels have been adjusted to conform to schizophrenia as currently understood. Evidence relating to a possible schizophrenia increase in famine-related emigrants is examined.Results:There was an increase in first admission rates for schizophrenia of 85.7% from 1860 to 1875. Admissions for other disorders, chiefly melancholia, also increased. Similar admission increases were evident in other jurisdictions over the same period. Data relating to the mental health of famine – migrating Irish are sparse and of difficult interpretation.Conclusion:The evidence from available data sources attempting to link the Irish famines of the 1840s with a subsequent increase in the incidence of schizophrenia is equivocal and inconclusive.