bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MoS2 Nanosheet‐Modified CuInS2 Photocatalyst for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production from Water
Authors: Yuan Yong‐Jun , Chen Da‐Qin , Huang Yan‐Wei , Yu Zhen‐Tao , Zhong Jia‐Song , Chen Ting‐Ting , Tu Wen‐Guang , Guan Zhong‐Jie , Cao Da‐Peng , Zou Zhi‐Gang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExploiting photocatalysts respond to visible light is of huge challenge for photocatalytic H2 production. Here, we synthesize a new composite material consisting of few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets grown on CuInS2 surface as an efficient photocatalyst for solar H2 generation. The photocatalytic results demonstrate that the 3 wt % MoS2/CuInS2 photocatalyst exhibits the highest H2 generation rate of 316 μmol h−1 g−1 under visible light irradiation, which is almost 28 times higher than that of CuInS2. Importantly, the MoS2/CuInS2 photocatalyst shows a much higher photocatalytic activity than that of Pt‐loaded CuInS2 photocatalyst. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of MoS2/CuInS2 photocatalysts can be attributed to the improved charge separation at the interface of MoS2 and CuInS2, which is demonstrated by the significant enhancement of photocurrent responses in MoS2/CuInS2 photoelectrodes. This work presents a noble‐metal‐free photocatalyst that responds to visible light for solar H2 generation.
High Pseudocapacitive Performance of MnO2 Nanowires on Recyclable Electrodes
Authors: Han Zhao Jun , Bo Zheng , Seo Dong Han , Pineda Shafique , Wang Ye , Yang Hui Ying , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: April 2016

AbstractManganese oxides are promising pseudocapacitve materials for achieving both high power and energy densities in pseudocapacitors. However, it remains a great challenge to develop MnO2‐based high‐performance electrodes due to their low electrical conductance and poor stability. Here we show that MnO2 nanowires anchored on electrochemically modified graphite foil (EMGF) have a high areal capacitance of 167 mF cm−2 at a discharge current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 and a high capacitance retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles (115 %), which are among the best values reported for any MnO2‐based hybrid structures. The EMGF support can also be recycled and the newly deposited MnO2‐based hybrids retain similarly high performance. These results demonstrate the successful preparation of pseudocapacitors with high capacity and cycling stability, which may open a new opportunity towards a sustainable and environmentally friendly method of utilizing electrochemical energy storage devices.
A long lifetime passive LED driver with power factor correction
Authors: Chen Po‐Yen , Pan Ching‐Tsai , Liu Yi‐Hua 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a novel single stage passive ac to dc converter is first proposed for LED drivers. No controlled active switch, electrolytic capacitors and auxiliary power supply are required in the proposed LED driver. The advantages of the proposed driver include long lifetime, high efficiency and recyclability. In addition, application of the proposed quasi‐resonant circuit enables one to use much smaller capacitance and inductance for the capacitors and inductor to achieve high power factor and compact size. Theoretical analysis of the proposed LED driver is made, and some design guidelines are provided. Finally, a prototype system of 50‐W rating is constructed. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed LED driver. It can be seen that the proposed driver is robust to variations of input voltage, frequency and output load. The features of low cost, long lifetime, robustness and without EMI problem render the proposed driver a very attractive alternative for outdoor applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a flow cytometry‐based detection of γ‐H2AX, to measure DNA damage for clinical applications
Authors: Johansson Pegah , Fasth Anders , Ek Torben , Hammarsten Ola 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe nucleosomal histone protein H2AX is specifically phosphorylated (γ‐H2AX) adjacent to DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) and is used for quantifying DSBs. Many chemotherapies and ionizing radiation (IR) used in cancer treatment result in DSBs. Therefore, γ‐H2AX has a significant potential as a biomarker in evaluating patient sensitivity and responsiveness to IR and chemotherapy.MethodsHere, we report a flow cytometry‐based quantification of γ‐H2AX (FCM‐γ‐H2AX assay) customized for clinical practice.ResultsWe validated that our method is able to detect DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with DSB inducing agents. The method also detected the DNA repair deficiency in PBMCs treated with DNA repair inhibitors, as well as the deficiency in DNA repair signaling in PBMCs from two ataxia telangiectasia patients.ConclusionsThe FCM‐γ‐H2AX assay has sufficient analytical sensitivity and precision to measure levels of DNA damage and DNA repair for clinical purposes. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A survey of cross‐layer protocols for IEEE 802.11 wireless multi‐hop mesh networks
Authors: Sheikh Sajid M. , Wolhuter Riaan , Engelbrecht Herman A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThere has been an escalation in deployment and research of wireless mesh networks by both the business community and academia in the last few years. Their attractive characteristics include low deployment cost, a low‐cost option to extend network coverage and ease of maintenance due to their self‐healing properties. Multiple routes exist between the sender and receiver nodes because of the mesh layout that ensures network connectivity even when node or link failures occur. Recent advances among others include routing metrics, optimum routing, security, scheduling, cross‐layer designs and physical layer techniques. However, there are still challenges in wireless mesh networks as discussed in this paper that need to be addressed. Cross‐layer design allows information from adjacent and non‐adjacent layers to be used at a particular layer for performance improvement. This paper presents a survey of cross‐layer protocol design approaches applied to the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless multi‐hop mesh networks that have been proposed over the last few years for improved performance. We summarize the current research efforts in cross‐layer protocol design using the IEEE 802.11 standard in identifying unsolved issues that are a promising avenue to further research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating carbon storage, timber harvest, and habitat possibilities for a Western Cascades (USA) forest landscape
Authors: Kline Jeffrey D. , Harmon Mark E. , Spies Thomas A. , Morzillo Anita T. , Pabst Robert J. , McComb Brenda C. , Schnekenburger Frank , Olsen Keith A. , Csuti Blair , Vogeler Jody C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractForest policymakers and managers have long sought ways to evaluate the capability of forest landscapes to jointly produce timber, habitat, and other ecosystem services in response to forest management. Currently, carbon is of particular interest as policies for increasing carbon storage on federal lands are being proposed. However, a challenge in joint production analysis of forest management is adequately representing ecological conditions and processes that influence joint production relationships. We used simulation models of vegetation structure, forest sector carbon, and potential wildlife habitat to characterize landscape‐level joint production possibilities for carbon storage, timber harvest, and habitat for seven wildlife species across a range of forest management regimes. We sought to (1) characterize the general relationships of production possibilities for combinations of carbon storage, timber, and habitat, and (2) identify management variables that most influence joint production relationships. Our 160 000‐ha study landscape featured environmental conditions typical of forests in the Western Cascade Mountains of Oregon (USA). Our results indicate that managing forests for carbon storage involves trade‐offs among timber harvest and habitat for focal wildlife species, depending on the disturbance interval and utilization intensity followed. Joint production possibilities for wildlife species varied in shape, ranging from competitive to complementary to compound, reflecting niche breadth and habitat component needs of species examined. Managing Pacific Northwest forests to store forest sector carbon can be roughly complementary with habitat for Northern Spotted Owl, Olive‐sided Flycatcher, and red tree vole. However, managing forests to increase carbon storage potentially can be competitive with timber production and habitat for Pacific marten, Pileated Woodpecker, and Western Bluebird, depending on the disturbance interval and harvest intensity chosen. Our analysis suggests that joint production possibilities under forest management regimes currently typical on industrial forest lands (e.g., 40‐ to 80‐yr rotations with some tree retention for wildlife) represent but a small fraction of joint production outcomes possible in the region. Although the theoretical boundaries of the production possibilities sets we developed are probably unachievable in the current management environment, they arguably define the long‐term potential of managing forests to produce multiple ecosystem services within and across multiple forest ownerships.
Two‐year follow‐up of the MOSAIC trial: A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing two psychological treatments in adult outpatients with broadly defined anorexia nervosa
Authors: Schmidt Ulrike , Ryan Elizabeth G. , Bartholdy Savani , Renwick Bethany , Keyes Alexandra , O'Hara Caitlin , McClelland Jessica , Lose Anna , Kenyon Martha , Dejong Hannah , Broadbent Hannah , Loomes Rachel , Serpell Lucy , Richards Lorna , Johnson‐Sabine Eric , Boughton Nicky , Whitehead Linette , Bonin Eva , Beecham Jennifer , Landau Sabine , Treasure Janet 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study reports follow‐up data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial (n = 142) comparing the Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) with Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM) in outpatients with broadly defined anorexia nervosa (AN). At 12 months postrandomization, all patients had statistically significant improvements in body mass index (BMI), eating disorder (ED) symptomatology and other outcomes with no differences between groups. MANTRA was more acceptable to patients. The present study assessed whether gains were maintained at 24 months postrandomization.MethodsFollow‐up data at 24 months were obtained from 73.2% of participants. Outcome measures included BMI, ED symptomatology, distress, impairment, and additional service utilization during the study period. Outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed models.ResultsThere were few differences between groups. In both treatment groups, improvements in BMI, ED symptomatology, distress levels, and clinical impairment were maintained or increased further. Estimated mean BMI change from baseline to 24 months was 2.16 kg/m2 for SSCM and 2.25 kg/m2 for MANTRA (effect sizes of 1.75 and 1.83, respectively). Most participants (83%) did not require any additional intensive treatments (e.g., hospitalization). Two SSCM patients became overweight through binge‐eating.DiscussionBoth treatments have value as outpatient interventions for patients with AN. © 2016 Crown copyright. International Journal of Eating Disorders. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:793–800)
Forearm bone mineralization in recently diagnosed female adolescents with a premenarchal onset of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Roggen Inge , Vanbesien Jesse , Gies Inge , Van den Eede Ursula , Lampo Annik , Louis Olivia , De Schepper Jean 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveData available on bone mineralization by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in adolescents with an early onset anorexia nervosa (AN) is limited. We investigated whether a disturbed bone mineralization can be observed at the distal radius in recently diagnosed female adolescents with AN and a premenarchal onset of this disease.MethodTwenty‐four premenarchal patients with AN and 22 healthy females which were age and height matched, were selected from our reference database; both groups underwent a pQCT bone assessment at the distal radius of the nondominant arm.ResultsThe patients age ranged between 13.3 and 18.4 years. Their percent weight loss ranged between 5 and 36% (median 23%) and occurred within the preceding 3 to 44 months. Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density of the patient group was significantly lower than the comparison group (185.6 ± 30.2 vs.209.3 ± 34.0 mm2; p = 0.02). Bone cross‐sectional area, bone mineral content, total volumetric bone mineral density and periosteal circumference were also lower, albeit not significantly. The bone parameters were unrelated to the under nutrition severity and duration.DiscussionIn premenarchal patients with AN the trabecular bone mineralization of the forearm is significantly reduced, this might be an early indicator of altered bone mineral accrual. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:809–812)
Nonmedical prescription stimulant use for suppressing appetite and controlling body weight is uniquely associated with more severe eating disorder symptomatology
Authors: Kilwein Tess M. , Goodman Erica L. , Looby Alison , De Young Kyle P. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveNonmedical prescription stimulant use (NPS; i.e., use without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed) to suppress appetite or control weight appears to be associated with eating disorder (ED) symptomatology among college students. However, it remains unknown if this relationship is motive‐specific and uniquely related to ED symptomatology. This research examined whether engaging in NPS specifically for appetite/weight‐related purposes is associated with ED symptomatology and a unique indicator of more severe symptomatology.MethodA nonclinical sample of college students (N = 668; 79% female) reported eating disorder symptoms via the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory and Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire, and lifetime history of NPS and corresponding motives.ResultsBinge eating, body dissatisfaction, negative attitudes towards obesity, restricting, purging, and cognitive restraint were reported more frequently by students who endorsed NPS for weight/appetite‐related purposes than by those who used for other purposes or denied lifetime NPS. Additionally, NPS for appetite/weight‐related purposes was uniquely associated with ED symptomatology after adjusting for gender, lifetime NPS, and past‐month binge eating and purging.DiscussionEngaging in NPS for appetite/weight‐related purposes is a unique indicator of ED symptomatology, highlighting the need to query for this behavior among individuals with an ED. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:813–816)
Population dynamics of a natural red deer population over 200 years detected via substantial changes of genetic variation
Authors: Hoffmann Gunther Sebastian , Johannesen Jes , Griebeler Eva Maria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMost large mammals have constantly been exposed to anthropogenic influence over decades or even centuries. Because of their long generation times and lack of sampling material, inferences of past population genetic dynamics, including anthropogenic impacts, have only relied on the analysis of the structure of extant populations. Here, we investigate for the first time the change in the genetic constitution of a natural red deer population over two centuries, using up to 200‐year‐old antlers (30 generations) stored in trophy collections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest DNA source ever used for microsatellite population genetic analyses. We demonstrate that government policy and hunting laws may have strong impacts on populations that can lead to unexpectedly rapid changes in the genetic constitution of a large mammal population. A high ancestral individual polymorphism seen in an outbreeding population (1813–1861) was strongly reduced in descendants (1923–1940) during the mid‐19th and early 20th century by genetic bottlenecks. Today (2011), individual polymorphism and variance among individuals is increasing in a constant‐sized (managed) population. Differentiation was high among periods (FST > ***); consequently, assignment tests assigned individuals to their own period with >85% probability. In contrast to the high variance observed at nuclear microsatellite loci, mtDNA (D‐loop) was monomorphic through time, suggesting that male immigration dominates the genetic evolution in this population.
Structural (UV) and carotenoid‐based plumage coloration – signals for parental investment?
Authors: Lucass Carsten , Iserbyt Arne , Eens Marcel , Müller Wendt 
Published: April 2016

AbstractParental care increases parental fitness through improved offspring condition and survival but comes at a cost for the caretaker(s). To increase life‐time fitness, caring parents are, therefore, expected to adjust their reproductive investment to current environmental conditions and parental capacities. The latter is thought to be signaled via ornamental traits of the bearer. We here investigated whether pre‐ and/or posthatching investment of blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) parents was related to ornamental plumage traits (UVcrown coloration and carotenoid‐based plumage coloration) expressed by either the individual itself (i.e. “good parent hypothesis”) or its partner (i.e. “differential allocation hypothesis”). Our results show that neither prehatching (that is clutch size and offspring begging intensity) nor posthatching parental investment (provisioning rate, offspring body condition at fledging) was related to an individual'sUVcrown coloration or to that of its partner. Similar observations were made for carotenoid‐based plumage coloration, except for a consistent positive relationship between offspring begging intensity and maternal carotenoid‐based plumage coloration. This sex‐specific pattern likely reflects a maternal effect mediated via maternally derived egg substances, given that the relationship persisted when offspring were cross‐fostered. This suggests that females adjust their offspring's phenotype toward own phenotype, which may facilitate in particular mother‐offspring co‐adaptation. Overall, our results contribute to the current state of evidence that structural or pigment‐based plumage coloration of blue tits are inconsistently correlated with central life‐history traits.
An ordination of life histories using morphological proxies: capital vs. income breeding in insects
Authors: Davis Robert B. , Javoiš Juhan , Kaasik Ants , Õunap Erki , Tammaru Toomas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPredictive classifications of life histories are essential for evolutionary ecology. While attempts to apply a single approach to all organisms may be overambitious, recent advances suggest that more narrow ordination schemes can be useful. However, these schemes mostly lack easily observable proxies of the position of a species on respective axes. It has been proposed that, in insects, the degree of capital (vs. income) breeding, reflecting the importance of adult feeding for reproduction, correlates with various ecological traits at the level of among‐species comparison. We sought to prove these ideas via rigorous phylogenetic comparative analyses. We used experimentally derived life‐history data for 57 species of European Geometridae (Lepidoptera), and an original phylogenetic reconstruction. The degree of capital breeding was estimated based on morphological proxies, including relative abdomen size of females. Applying Brownian‐motion‐based comparative analyses (with an original update to include error estimates), we demonstrated the associations between the degree of capital breeding and larval diet breadth, sexual size dimorphism, and reproductive season. Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck model based phylogenetic analysis suggested a causal relationship between the degree of capital breeding and diet breadth. Our study indicates that the gradation from capital to income breeding is an informative axis to ordinate life‐history strategies in flying insects which are affected by the fecundity vs. mobility trade off, with the availability of easy to record proxies contributing to its predictive power in practical contexts.
Pro‐inflammatory self‐reactive T cells are found within murine TCR‐αβ+CD4−CD8−PD‐1+ cells
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Noé , Apostolidis Sokratis A. , Fitzgerald Lauren , Meehan Bronwyn S. , Corbett Alexandra J. , Martín‐Villa José Manuel , McCluskey James , Tsokos George C. , Crispín José C. 
Published: April 2016

TCR‐αβ+ double negative (DN) T cells (CD3+TCR‐αβ+CD4−CD8−NK1.1−CD49b−) represent a minor heterogeneous population in healthy humans and mice. These cells have been ascribed pro‐inflammatory and regulatory capacities and are known to expand during the course of several autoimmune diseases. Importantly, previous studies have shown that self‐reactive CD8+ T cells become DN after activation by self‐antigens, suggesting that self‐reactive T cells may exist within the DN T‐cell population. Here, we demonstrate that programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) expression in unmanipulated mice identifies a subset of DN T cells with expression of activation‐associated markers and a phenotype that strongly suggests they are derived from self‐reactive CD8+ cells. We also found that, within DN T cells, the PD‐1+ subset generates the majority of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Finally, using a TCR‐activation reporter mouse (Nur77‐GFP), we confirmed that in the steady‐state PD‐1+ DN T cells engage endogenous antigens in healthy mice. In conclusion, we provide evidence that indicates that the PD‐1+ fraction of DN T cells represents self‐reactive cells.
Photoinduced Homolysis of Alkyl–Cobalt(III) Bonds in a Cyclodextrin Cage
Authors: Imabeppu Kohei , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Yutani Eriko , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Kano Koji 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotodecomposition of methyl– and ethyl–CoIII complexes of meso‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (CH3– and C2H5–CoIIITPPSs) was used as a reaction probe to study the cage effect of cyclodextrin capsules formed by two per‐O‐methylated β‐cyclodextrin (TMe‐β‐CD) molecules and their covalently linked dimer, Ph2CD. The photodecomposition of CH3–CoIIITPPS under aerobic conditions was markedly suppressed in the presence of TMe‐β‐CD and Ph2CD, while C2H5–CoIIITPPS was less affected. Alkyl–CoIIITPPS formed two types of inclusion complex with Ph2CD, the alkyl groups in Type 1 being located at the opposite side of the phenyl linker of Ph2CD and those in Type 2 being located at the same side. The photodecomposition of C2H5–CoIIITPPS in Type 1 proceeded via an ethylperoxo complex, while that in Type 2 occurred via a radical pair generated in a narrow, rigid cage to form ethylene and CoIITPPS.
Generation of Tertiary and Quaternary Stereocentres through Palladium‐Catalysed Intramolecular Heck‐Type Reactions for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐b]isoquinolines
Authors: Azcargorta Ane Rebolledo , Coya Estíbaliz , Barbolla Iratxe , Lete Esther , Sotomayor Nuria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe generation of quaternary and tertiary stereocentres at C‐10 of the pyrroloisoquinoline skeleton through intramolecular Mizoroki–Heck reactions of 2‐alkenyl‐substituted pyrroles and pyrrolidines has been studied. The cyclizations proceeded in moderate to good yields (up to 81 %), but with low enantioselectivity when chiral phosphanes such as (R)‐BINAP were used as ligands. However, enantiomerically pure 10‐substituted pyrrolo[1,2‐b]isoquinolines were efficiently obtained by a diastereoselective approach using chiral nonracemic pyrrolidines as substrates, generating a tertiary stereocentre.