bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does multifactorial inspiratory muscle training improve postural stability and quality of life of patients with diabetes in Pakistan? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sheraz Suman , Malik Arshad Nawaz , Ferraro Francesco Vincenzo , Siddiqi Furqan Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of multifactorial inspiratory muscle training (IMT) combined with Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) on balance and quality of life (QoL) in patients with diabetes.MethodsPretest–post-test randomised controlled trial.SettingRehabilitation Department of Pakistan Railway General Hospital.Participants70 patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to experimental or placebo groups, out of which 59 patients completed the intervention.InterventionPatients in the experimental group performed OEP+IMT (at 50% of baseline maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)) whereas the placebo group performed OEP+sham IMT (at 15% of MIP). Both groups exercised for 12 consecutive weeks.Outcome measuresOutcome measures included nine variables: the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Biodex Postural Stability System (including postural stability test (Overall Stability Index, Anterior–Posterior Index and Mediolateral Index), fall risk test (FRT), Limits of Stability (LOS) test (time to complete test and direction control), Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIB)) and the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire.ResultsOut of 59 patients who completed treatment, 37.1% were men and 62.9% were women with a mean age of 58.37±5.91 years. Results show significant interaction effects on BBS scores with the mean score improving from 41.87±2.61 to 49.16±2.50 in IMT versus sham IMT group with scores improving from 41.58±2.51 to 45.74±2.30. The IMT group significantly improved in dynamic balance tested through BBS (p=0.003), anticipatory balance through LOS test (p=0.003), reactive balance tested through FRT (p=0.04), direction control (p=0.03) and sensory integration through CTSIB test (p=0.04) when compared with the sham IMT group. While no significant changes (p>0.05) between groups were observed in QoL and static balance; significant changes (p<0.05) within group were observed in both groups in QoL and static balance.ConclusionAdditional research is necessary to understand the association between inspiratory muscle strength and balance, however, we demonstrated that a multifactorial IMT intervention should be used with patients with diabetes to improve balance, postural control and reduce fall risks.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov, NCT#04947163.
Temporal trends in mortality and causes of death in patients with incident atrial fibrillation: a nationwide register study from 2010 to 2018
Authors: Kouki Elis , Salmela Birgitta , Aro Aapo , Halminen Olli , Teppo Konsta , Haukka Jari , Putaala Jukka , Linna Mika , Mustonen Pirjo , Hartikainen Juha , Airaksinen Juhani K E , Lehto Mika 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased mortality. Previous studies have reported conflicting results in temporal trends of mortality after AF diagnosis. We aim to address this disparity by investigating the 1-year mortality and causes of death in Finnish patients diagnosed with AF between 2010 and 2017.DesignThe Finnish AntiCoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation (FinACAF) study is a nationwide retrospective register-based cohort study.SettingThe FinACAF study has gathered information on all Finnish AF patients between 2004 and 2018, with information from all national healthcare registers and data from all levels of care (primary, secondary and tertiary care).ParticipantsWe included patients with an incident AF diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code I48) between 2010 and 2017. To ensure a cohort of only incident AF, we excluded patients who used any oral anticoagulant during the year before cohort entry as well as patients with a recorded use of warfarin between 2004 and 2006. Patients under 20 years of age were excluded, and patients with permanent migration abroad before 1 January 2019 were excluded, N=157 658.Primary outcome measures1-year all-cause, cardiovascular (CV) and cause-specific mortality following AF diagnosis.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 157 658 incident AF cases (50.1% male, mean age 72.9 years). Both all-cause and CV mortality declined from cohort entry years 2010–2017 (from 12.9% to 10.6%, mortality rate ratio (MRR) 0.77; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.82 in cohort entry year 2017 with 2010 as reference; and from 7.4% to 5.2%, MRR 0.68; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.74, respectively). Overall mortality and CV mortality were lower in women than in men throughout the study period (MRR 0.66; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.69 and MRR 0.53; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.56, respectively). Deaths attributable to ischaemic heart disease decreased during the study period (from 30.7% to 21.6%, MRR 0.51; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.62 in 2017 vs 2010), whereas dementia and Alzheimer’s disease increased as a cause of death over time (6.2% to 9.9%, MRR 1.19; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.48 in 2017 vs 2010). The CHA2DS2-VASc score associated strongly with 1-year survival (p<0.0001).ConclusionsOur study reiterates that mortality after diagnosis of AF has decreased. The CHA2DS2-VASc score highlights the need to treat comorbidities as it strongly associates with patient 1-year survival after initial AF diagnosis.
Characteristics and primary care experiences of people who self-report as autistic: a probability sample survey of adults registered with primary care services in England
Authors: Tromans Samuel Joseph , Teece Lucy , Saunders Catherine , McManus Sally , Brugha Traolach 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesLittle is known about adults who self-report as autistic. This study aimed to profile the demographic characteristics, long-term health conditions and primary care experiences of adults who self-report as autistic (including those with and without a formal diagnosis).Design/settingA nationally representative cross-sectional survey of adults registered with National Health Service (NHS) General Practitioner (GP) surgeries in England.Participants623 157 survey respondents aged 16 and over, including 4481 who self-report as autistic.OutcomesWeighted descriptive statistics, with 95% CIs. Logistic regression modelling adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and area-level deprivation compared those who self-report as autistic with the rest of the population.ResultsA total of 4481 of the 623 157 survey participants included in the analysis self-reported autism, yielding a weighted proportion estimate of 1.41% (95% CI 1.35% to 1.46%). Adults self-reporting as autistic were more likely to be younger, male or non-binary, to identify as a gender different from their sex at birth, have a non-heterosexual sexual identity, be of white or mixed or multiple ethnic groups, non-religious, without caring responsibilities, unemployed, live in more deprived areas and not smoke. All chronic conditions covered were more prevalent among adults self-reporting as autistic, including learning disability, mental health conditions, neurological conditions, dementia, blindness or partial sight and deafness or hearing loss. Adults self-reporting as autistic were also less likely to report a positive experience of making an appointment (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.98) and navigating GP practice websites (aOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.87) and more likely to report seeking advice from a friend or family member prior to making an appointment (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.38) and having a preferred GP (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 2.06 to 2.46). They were less likely to report that their needs were met (aOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.83).ConclusionsAdults self-reporting as autistic have a distinctive sociodemographic profile and heightened rates of long-term conditions. They report challenges in both accessing primary care and having their needs met when they do. These findings should inform future care initiatives designed to meet the needs of this group.
Physiotherapy rehabilitation experiences of people with shoulder dislocation in ARTISAN study: a qualitative study
Authors: Naghdi Seyran , Ellard David R , Kearney Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAcute Rehabilitation following Traumatic anterior shoulder dISlocAtioN (ARTISAN) was a large trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of two rehabilitation interventions in adults with a first-time traumatic shoulder dislocation. Participants were allocated to receive either a single session of advice (ARTISAN) or a single session of advice and a programme of physiotherapy (ARTISAN plus). Trial results illustrated that additional physiotherapy after an initial session was not superior in improving functional outcomes for participants.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to explore the experiences of a purposive sample of participants from both the ARTISAN and ARTISAN plus groups regarding their rehabilitation journey.DesignThis is a semistructured interview-based study.SettingThe study was conducted in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsThirty-one participants of ARTISAN trial: 16 participants from ARTISAN group and 15 from ARTISAN plus group.Outcome measures and analysisThe study follows the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. The framework analysis was used to synthesise the participants’ experiences. The interviews were coded through NVivo 12.6.1.ResultsThree dominant and interrelated topics emerged from the interview data: (1) feelings about their shoulder rehabilitation outcome, (2) judgement of ARTISAN rehabilitation materials, (3) assessment of shoulder rehabilitation service provision.ConclusionBoth forms of intervention have some merit for some individuals. Thus, it may be appropriate to look at the patients’ preference for offering treatment to them. Recognising and facilitating this will be of benefit to both the patients and healthcare as a whole.
Implementation of decarbonisation actions in general practice: a systematic review and narrative synthesis protocol
Authors: Karaba Florence , Nunes Ana Raquel , Geddes Olivia , Atherton Helen , Dahlmann Frederik , Eccles Abi , Gregg Michael , Spencer Rachel , Twohig Helen , Dale Jeremy 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThere is growing recognition of the importance of primary care in addressing climate change. The World Organisation of Family Doctors has urged general practitioners worldwide to commit to tackling climate change and to serve as agents of systemic and individual change. Though an increasing number of resources have become available to support the decarbonisation of primary care, there remains a lack of evidence about how primary care teams are using them, their reach across practices, their level of adoption and maintenance, their cost impact and their effect on carbon emissions. This systematic review aims to understand how primary care, with a focus on general practice or equivalent settings within the context of primary care, is implementing decarbonisation actions to reduce carbon emissions arising from its operations, assess efficacy of the actions and generate recommendations on how to assist and accelerate their implementation and effectiveness.Methods and analysisThe literature search will be conducted on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and ProQuest, from 2007 to 29 March 2024. Article screening will be based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis will be used to analyse and integrate findings to offer new insights into key mechanisms that support decarbonisation in general practice and help refine an initial programme theory. The reporting of the systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis framework.Ethics and disseminationThis review did not involve the collection or analysis of any data that was not included in previously published research in the public domain. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023470889.
Community-based dementia risk management and prevention program for Aboriginal Australians (DAMPAA): a randomised controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Lalovic Alex , Dowden Glennette , Markey Lesley , Bynder Michael , Yappo Lynette , Cox Kay L , Mateo-Arriero Irene , Flicker Leon , Bessarab Dawn , Thompson Sandra , Kickett Carmel , Woods Deborah , Pestell Carmela F , Edgill Paula , Hill Keith , Etherton-Beer Christopher , LoGiudice Dina , Almeida Osvaldo P , Lin Ivan , Milte Rachel , Ratcliffe Julie , Hyde Zoë , Smith Kate 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the First Peoples of Australia. Up to 45% of dementia in these populations is due to potentially modifiable risk factors. The Dementia Prevention and Risk Management Program for Aboriginal Australians (DAMPAA) is an Aboriginal Health Practitioner led programme that aims to reduce cognitive decline and functional impairment in older Aboriginal people.MethodsDesign: DAMPAA is a multisite, randomised controlled trial aiming to deliver and evaluate a culturally appropriate risk factor management programme. Population: Community-dwelling Aboriginal people aged 45–90 years. Intervention: Participants will be randomly assigned to either usual care (control) or to a group programme comprising exercise and health education yarning sessions and pharmacist-delivered medication reviews delivered over a 12-month period. Primary outcome: Cognitive function (Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA)-Cog score), daily function (KICA-Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score) and quality of life (Good Spirit, Good Life and EQ-5D-5L scores). Secondary outcomes: Process evaluation interviews, cardiovascular risk factors, falls and death. Process evaluation will be conducted with qualitative methods. Quantitative outcomes will be analysed with generalised linear mixed models.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee and the University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. We will also develop and disseminate a comprehensive DAMPAA toolkit for health services. The study’s findings will guide future prevention strategies and outline a comprehensive process evaluation that may be useful in other Aboriginal health research to contextualise findings.
Recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis is associated with interferon-gamma deficiency possibly due to genetic origin
Authors: Hautala Nina Maria , Joensuu Maija , Paakkola Teija , Glumoff Virpi , Kettunen Kaisa , Saarela Janna , Siiskonen Mira , Chen Zhi , Pylkäs Katri , Hautala Timo 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveOcular toxoplasmosis (OT) can cause posterior uveitis; causes of recurrent OT are not well understood. We explored clinical, immunological and genetic properties associated with recurrent OT.Methods and analysisA recurrent OT patient population (n=9) was identified. Clinical history, ophthalmological findings and immunological properties were assessed. B and T cell immunophenotyping including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses were analysed. An analysis of 592 immunodeficiency genes was performed.ResultsThe patients experienced 2–7 OT episodes (average 3.7). The first episode occurred at an average of 23.8 (SD 10.1) years of age. All patients had anterior uveitis, vitritis and various fundus lesions of OT. The patients had lymphocyte maturation abnormalities; the proportion of naive CD4+CD45RA+CCR7+T cells was high in 5/9 cases, and the percentage of CD4+CD45RA−CCR7−T effector memory cells was reduced in 7/9 cases. An increased percentage of CD19+CD38lowCD21lowactivated B cells was observed in 5/9 cases. IFN-γ response was reduced in CD4+(8.45±4.17 vs 21.27±11.0, p=0.025) and CD8+(39.0±9.9 vs 18.1±18.1, p=0.017) T cells. Genetic analysis revealed several potentially harmful variants in immunologically activeERCC3, MANBA, IRF4, HAVCR2, CARMIL2, CD247, MPO, C2andCD40genes.ConclusionOur recurrent OT cases had deviations in lymphocyte maturation and IFN-γ responses possibly caused by genetic reasons. However, limitations of our study include failure to identify uniform genetic mechanisms. In addition, we cannot rule out the possibility that the immunological abnormalities can be triggered by chronic toxoplasmosis. Despite the limitations, our findings contribute to the understanding of ocular immunity and development of recurrent OT.
Intestinal fatty acid binding protein is associated with infarct size and cardiac function in acute heart failure following myocardial infarction
Authors: Nendl Andraž , Andersen Geir Øystein , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Trøseid Marius , Awoyemi Ayodeji 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn acute heart failure (HF), reduced cardiac output, vasoconstriction and congestion may damage the intestinal mucosa and disrupt its barrier function. This could facilitate the leakage of bacterial products into circulation and contribute to inflammation and adverse cardiac remodelling. We aimed to investigate gut leakage markers and their associations with inflammation, infarct size and cardiac function.MethodsWe examined 61 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who developed acute HF within 48 hours of successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Serial blood samples were taken to measure lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). Cumulative areas under the curve (AUCs) from baseline to day 5 were calculated. Serial echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and wall motion score index (WMSI). Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) was performed at 6 weeks to determine infarct size and LVEF.ResultsI-FABPAUCcorrelated positively with infarct size (rs=0.45, p=0.002), GLS (rs=0.32, p=0.035) and WMSI (rs=0.45, p=0.002) and negatively with LVEF measured by SPECT (rs=−0.40, p=0.007) and echocardiography (rs=−0.33, p=0.021) at 6 weeks. LPSAUC, LBPAUCand sCD14AUCdid not correlate to any cardiac function marker or infarct size. Patients, who at 6 weeks had above median GLS and WMSI, and below-median LVEF measured by SPECT, were more likely to have above median I-FABPAUCduring admission (adjusted OR (aOR) 5.22, 95% CI 1.21 to 22.44; aOR 5.05, 95% CI 1.25 to 20.43; aOR 5.67, 95% CI 1.42 to 22.59, respectively). The same was observed for patients in the lowest quartile of LVEF measured by echocardiography (aOR 9.99, 95% CI 1.79 to 55.83) and three upper quartiles of infarct size (aOR 20.34, 95% CI 1.56 to 264.65).ConclusionsIn primary PCI-treated STEMI patients with acute HF, I-FABP, a marker of intestinal epithelial damage, was associated with larger infarct size and worse cardiac function after 6 weeks.
Supplementary Table S1 from Memory-like differentiation, tumor targeting monoclonal antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptors enhance natural killer cell responses to head and neck cancer
Authors: Jacobs Miriam T. , Wong Pamela , Zhou Alice Y. , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Marin Nancy D. , Marsala Lynne , Foster Mark , Foltz Jennifer A. , Cubitt Celia C. , Tran Jennifer , Russler-Germain David A. , Neal Carly , Kersting-Schadek Samantha , Chang Lily , Schappe Timothy , Pence Patrick , McClain Ethan , Zevallos Jose P. , Rich Jason T. , Paniello Randal C. , Jackson Ryan S. , Pipkorn Patrik , Adkins Douglas R. , DeSelm Carl J. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Puram Sidharth V. , Fehniger Todd A. 
Published: September 2024

<p>Supplementary Table S1. Demographic and clinical data of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. </p>
AMG 193, a Clinical Stage MTA-Cooperative PRMT5 Inhibitor, Drives Antitumor Activity Preclinically and in Patients with MTAP-Deleted Cancers
Authors: Belmontes Brian , Slemmons Katherine K. , Su Chun , Liu Siyuan , Policheni Antonia N. , Moriguchi Jodi , Tan Hong , Xie Fang , Aiello Daniel Andrew , Yang Yajing , Lazaro Raul , Aeffner Famke , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Vestergaard Mikkel , Cowland Sanne , Andersson Jan , Sarvary Ian , Chen Qing , Sharma Pooja , Lopez Patricia , Tamayo Nuria , Pettus Liping H. , Ghimire-Rijal Sudipa , Mukund Susmith , Allen Jennifer R. , DeVoss Jason , Coxon Angela , Rodon Jordi , Ghiringhelli François , Penel Nicolas , Prenen Hans , Glad Sanne , Chuang Chen-Hua , Keyvanjah Kiana , Townsley Danielle M. , Butler John R. , Bourbeau Matthew P. , Caenepeel Sean , Hughes Paul E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the most robust synthetic lethal interactions observed in multiple functional genomic screens has been the dependency on protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in cancer cells with MTAP deletion. We report the discovery of the clinical stage MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor AMG 193, which preferentially binds PRMT5 in the presence of MTA and has potent biochemical and cellular activity in MTAP-deleted cells across multiple cancer lineages. In vitro, PRMT5 inhibition induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and aberrant alternative mRNA splicing in MTAP-deleted cells. In human cell line and patient-derived xenograft models, AMG 193 induces robust antitumor activity and is well tolerated with no impact on normal hematopoietic cell lineages. AMG 193 synergizes with chemotherapies or the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib in vitro and combination treatment in vivo substantially inhibits tumor growth. AMG 193 is demonstrating promising clinical activity, including confirmed partial responses in patients with MTAP-deleted solid tumors from an ongoing phase 1/2 study.
Significance: AMG 193 preferentially inhibits the growth of MTAP-deleted tumor cells by inhibiting PRMT5 when in complex with MTA, thus sparing MTAP wild-type normal cells. AMG 193 shows promise as a targeted therapy in a clinically defined patient population.