bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional Scapular Spine Bone Grafting Combined with Bankart and Remplissage for Off‐Track Hill–Sachs Lesions with Subcritical Glenoid Bone Loss: Provides Better Stability
Authors: Dai Fei , Xiang Ming , Wu Zonghong , Zhang Qing , Yang Jinsong 
Published: September 2024

PurposeArthroscopic Bankart repair combined with remplissage and autologous scapular spine bone grafting have been described as a treatment for off‐track Hill–Sachs lesions with subcritical glenoid bone defects in the anterior shoulder instability. However, whether these two techniques can achieve satisfactory postoperative outcomes is unclear, and there are few comparative studies between them. Therefore, this study compared the postoperative efficacy of the two techniques for off‐track Hill–Sachs lesions with subcritical glenoid bone loss.MethodBetween June 2017 and December 2020, 62 patients with shoulder instability due to Off‐Track Hill–Sachs lesions with subcritical glenoid bone loss underwent surgical treatment and were included in this regression study. Thirty‐two patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with remplissage (B + R group), and 30 patients underwent additional autologous scapular glenoid bone grafting (additional bone grafting group). The general information of the patients was recorded. The patient's activity before and after surgery was recorded. The DASH score and Constant–Murley (CM) score were used to assess the patient's functional status; the Rowe score was used to evaluate the patient's shoulder stability. The shoulder function and stability before and after surgery were analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe final DASH scores of the B + R group and the additional bone grafting group were significantly lower than those before surgery, with a statistically significant difference (9.76 ± 4.32 vs. 27.89 ± 6.63, 8.50 ± 3.32 vs. 28.0 ± 4.27, p = 0.000); the final CM scores of the two groups were significantly higher than those before surgery (88.71 ± 3.74 vs. 73.68 ± 3.74, 87.16 ± 2.29 vs. 71.37 ± 2.68, p = 0.000). There was no statistical difference in the final DASH score and final CM score between the two groups (p > 0.05). In terms of postoperative stability, the final Rowe scores of the two groups were significantly higher than those before surgery, with a statistically significant difference (89.06 ± 9.19 vs. 41.71 ± 4.13; 93.16 ± 4.99 vs. 42.33 ± 2.53, p = 0.000). Compared with the control group, the additional bone graft group achieved higher final Rowe scores (93.16 ± 4.99 vs. 89.06 ± 9.19, p = 0.032).ConclusionFor patients with anterior shoulder instability due to off‐track Hill–Sachs lesions with subcritical glenoid bone loss, although Bankart and remplissage can achieve satisfactory clinical results, additional autogenous scapular spine bone grafting can provide better stability of the shoulder, especially for patients with high sports demands.
Leishmania donovani Modulates Macrophage Lipidome During Infection
Authors: Tabrez Shams , Fatima Zeeshan , Akand Sajjadul Kadir , Rahman Areeba , Hameed Saif , Saleem Mohammed , Akhter Yusuf , Yadav Subhash Kumar , Ahmed Mohammad Z. , Kumar Yashwant , Bhattacharjee Surajit , Rub Abdur 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani, causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, led to impaired macrophage functions. It is well documented that many of these changes were induced by parasite‐mediated reduction in macrophage cholesterol content. Leishmania‐mediated alteration in the other lipids has not been explored in detail yet. Here, we found that the expression of key cholesterol biosynthetic genes and total cellular cholesterol were reduced during L. donovani infection. Further, we have also identified that this reduction in the cholesterol led to increased membrane fluidity and inhibition of antigen‐presenting potential of macrophages. In addition to this, we studied the relative changes in different lipids in THP‐1‐derived macrophages during L. donovani infection through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. We found that Sphingomyelin (16:0) and ceramide (20:1, 26:0 and 26:1) were significantly reduced in infected macrophages. We further observed that the majority of different sub‐classes of phospholipids were downregulated significantly. Overall ratio of phosphatidylcholine versus phosphotidylethanolamine was decreased which indicated the compensatory mechanism of cell in response to cholesterol reduction. The observed Leishmania‐mediated alteration in macrophage‐lipidome provided the novel insights into mechanism of host‐pathogen interactions.
Why do flowers wilt?
Authors: Pyke G. H. , Ren Z.‐X. , Kalman J. R. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Resources salvaged when flowers wilt on a perennial plant could promote reproduction by, in preference order, the same flowers (Hypothesis 1), adjacent flowers on the same plant (Hypothesis 2), or during the next flowering season by the same plant (Hypothesis 3).
We tested the above hypotheses for Blandfordia grandiflora, a perennial species, where some plants included flowers that were allowed to wilt, while equivalent flowers on other plants were prevented from wilting. The abilities of these plants to produce seed were determined by liberally pollinating all flowers. To test Hypotheses 1 and 2, seed set per flower and per plant were compared between plants with and without wilting flowers. To specifically test Hypothesis 3, reproduction was prevented in all flowers. For each experiment, flowering was monitored in the same plants during the next flowering season, thus also enabling Hypothesis 3 to be tested.
The results were consistent with Hypothesis 3, but not with Hypotheses 1 and 2.
Hence, we verified, for the first time, that plants may benefit from salvaging resources from wilting flowers and re‐using these resources for subsequent reproduction. However, contrary to expectations, plants re‐used these resources to promote reproduction during subsequent flowering, and not during current flowering by either the same flowers or other flowers on the same plant. The plants must have transferred resources from wilting flowers to underground corms and roots, which provided resources necessary for subsequent flowering. This is likely part of a general plant strategy to salvage resources invested in reproduction during one flowering season and reuse these resources during subsequent flowering.
From performance to morality: How politicians frame bureaucracy, its organizations, and public sector employees
Authors: Hendriks Jessy , Damhuis Koen , Overman Sjors 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPoliticians frequently voice criticisms vis‐à‐vis bureaucracy, its organizations, and its employees. Previous studies point at the negative impact of this “bureaucratic bashing” on public sector morale, recruitment, retention, and citizen perceptions. Yet, systematic evidence on bashing remains sparse, with even less known about its counterpart: bureaucratic praising. This article aims to fill this gap by conceptualizing both phenomena as forms of framing, by distinguishing macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐levels, and by innovatively using organizational reputation theory to develop a multidimensional framework for the systematic analysis of bureaucratic framing. Empirically, we apply this framework to a novel dataset of 70,853 hand‐coded tweets posted by 33 Dutch politicians, covering a wide range of ideological viewpoints. We find that politicians do not so much frame the civil service performatively, in terms of being lazy (or hard working), but rather bash or praise bureaucratic organizations for their (im)morality, whereby four moral subdimensions can be identified.
Hypericum sampsonii ameliorates radiodermatitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Liao Jiayu , Liu Zhihong , Wu Sumei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiodermatitis (RD) is an inflammatory lesion of skin mucosa caused by radiation, which causes itching and pain in patients' skin. Hypericum sampsonii has an anti‐inflammatory effect. This study aims to explore the potential effect and mechanism of H. sampsonii on RD.Materials and MethodsThe RD model was established using X‐ray irradiation of mice and the pain response of mice under different treatment methods. Serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were measured by ELSA. The RD cell model was constructed by RAW264.7 cell, H. sampsonii intervention was conducted, and the changes of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the cells were detected by qRT‐PCR. The cells were stimulated with LPS and the protein changes of TLR4/NF‐κB were investigated by Western Blotting.ResultsH. sampsonii can better improve the skin status of RD mice, relieve pain, and reduce the secretion of serum inflammatory factors IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. H. sampsonii significantly down‐regulated the expression of NLRP3, Caspase‐1, pro IL‐1β, and IL‐1β. Lps‐induced activation of the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway promotes the expression of NLRP3 and pro‐IL‐1β, and H. sampsonii can inhibit this promotion.ConclusionH. sampsonii may inhibit NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation via interfering with TLR4/NF‐κB signaling to reduce the inflammatory response in macrophages and thus play a role in the treatment of RD.
Trial‐and‐error: Securing field access for qualitative research in Vietnam
Authors: Lainez Nicolas , Pannier Emmanuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractField access is frequently regarded as a mere practical step in the research process, with insufficient attention given to its broader implications. Numerous writings that focus on gaining field access offer just a collection of practical tips. While these recommendations are valuable, they are specific to each setting and individual experiences. Such an ad hoc approach fosters a limited understanding of the research permit application process and limits the discussion of access by disregarding its inherent uncertainty and its manifold consequences. In authoritarian contexts, obtaining field access remains highly uncertain and can be further complicated by arbitrary decision‐making. This article demonstrates that in Vietnam, social scientists, including anthropologists, must navigate ambiguous processes of trial‐and‐error to secure field access. With the term ‘trial‐and‐error’ we refer to an approach to problem‐solving in which various methods are attempted. Proceeding through trial‐and‐error involves familiarisation, networking, and improvisation. Based on 15 years of experience working in Vietnam we provide evidence that the process of trial‐and‐error is inherent in all three aspects. Beyond the issues surrounding access for foreign researchers, our observations also underscore the pivotal role of trial‐and‐error as a mechanism that Vietnamese citizens employ to navigate the uncertainties and arbitrariness associated with bureaucracy.
Perspectives on donor‐derived infections from Germany
Authors: Barreiros Ana Paula , Böhler Klaus , Mönch Kerstin , Fischer‐Fröhlich Carl‐Ludwig , Rahmel Axel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimOften, organ transplantation is the only option to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of patients with terminal organ failure. Despite improved donor and organ assessment, a residual risk remains for transmitting infection, tumor, or other disease from the donor to recipients. Analysis, reporting, and managing of donor‐derived diseases through a vigilance and surveillance system (V&S) is mandatory in many countries. We report on suspected and proven/probable donor‐derived infections (DDI) in Germany over a period of 8 years (2016–2023).MethodsAll incoming serious‐adverse‐event and serious‐adverse‐reaction (SAE/SAR) reports from 01.01.2016 to 31.12.2023 were evaluated for suspected DDI. Analysis of imputability followed the definition of the US Disease Transmission Advisory Committee (DTAC). Only probable and proven cases according to DTAC classification were defined as DDI.ResultsDuring the study period, 9771 donors in Germany donated post‐mortem organs to 27 919 recipients. In that period 612 SAE/SAR cases were reported, 377 (62%) involved infections. 41 cases were proven/probable DDI affecting 58 recipients (seven recipients died, 12%). Suspected infections were bacterial (182/377, 48%), fungal (135/377, 36%), viral (55/377, 15%), and parasitic (5/377, 1%). In case of bacterial DDI, no recipient died, but organ loss occurred in six recipients. In case of fungal or viral DDI, 19% (3/16) and 21% (3/14) of the recipients died, respectively.ConclusionsDDI are rare in solid organ transplantation (58/27 919, 0.21%), but when they occur, they are associated with high morbidity and mortality in affected recipients. Careful and detailed donor evaluation and a reliable V&S help improve recipient safety.
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The power of arts‐based film interventions to encourage Black blood donors
Authors: Mills Richard , Okubanjo Abiola , Acheampong Natasha , Croucher Mark , Eaton Nadine , Kazi Altaf , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Wood Angela , Masser Barbara , Ferguson Eamonn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlood services must consider innovative ways to encourage more Black people to donate to enhance the efficacy of treatments. We evaluate how two innovative arts‐based approaches (co‐designed and locally produced films and a large‐scale Marvel Studios'/NHSBT collaboration) can achieve this by generalizing to a wider audience from their target audiences.Study Design and MethodsFour co‐designed short community films were produced in the United Kingdom: Comedy, Reciprocity, Donor‐Recipient, and Sliding Doors. In Study 1 (N = 44: Black people), these films were evaluated in the target community in which they were produced. In Study 2 (N = 1237: Black = 638, White = 599), the community and Marvel Black Panther/NHSBT films were evaluated in a nontarget general population sample. Evaluations were in terms of campaign behavioral efficacy (e.g., willingness to donate, encourage others to donate) and affect. These analyses were segmented by donor status, age, and gender.ResultsStudy 1 shows that the community groups rated the films very positively, with over 90% stating that they would be convinced to donate blood. Study 2 shows the results from the community films generalized to the general population, with the Black Panther film also rated positively in the general population. Three community films and the Black Panther film were rated equally positively. There were notable differences across generations and by donor status.DiscussionThe results highlight the power of arts‐based approaches (both locally co‐produced community films and franchise collaborations) in encouraging donors within their target audiences and, importantly, on the broader population.
Acid–base and electrolyte changes in dogs after packed red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Bou P. , Mesa I. , Ferreira R. F. , Torrente C. , Manzanilla E. G. , Bosch L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPacked RBC (pRBC) transfusions are often necessary to enhance organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation in cases of severe anemia.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe changes in acid–base and biochemical parameters in dogs after transfusion of pRBC and potential effects on the outcome.MethodsThe prospective observational study included anemic dogs requiring pRBC transfusions. Venous blood gas and electrolytes were measured pre‐transfusion and repeated within 1 h post‐transfusion. Signalment, pre‐existing conditions and underlying disease(s), number of days spent of hospitalization, the quantity of transfused pRBC units, and the outcome were also recorded. Associations between analytical values and all other parameters before and after transfusion were assessed using the Wilcoxon test. A generalized linear model was generated for each of the blood gas parameters post‐transfusion, including the pre‐transfusion values and the characteristics of the animal as fixed effects. The effect of the blood gas parameters on the mortality and hospitalization length was assessed using logistic regression and generalized linear models, respectively.ResultsTwenty‐six dogs with different causes of anemia were included in the study, with dogs remaining hospitalized for a median of 3 days (range: 0–11). Pre‐transfusion heart rate, respiratory rate, Angap, base excess, and lactate were higher than post‐transfusion values. Post‐transfusion results showed an increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, HCO3‐, PCO2, tCO2, and chloride. Pre‐transfusion hypophosphatemia and receiving an increased volume of transfused pRBC were associated with a longer hospital stay, while higher pre‐transfusion lactate values were associated with higher mortality.ConclusionspRBC transfusion in anemic dogs was associated with an improvement in perfusion and acid–base parameters. Pre‐transfusion lactate may be an indicator of mortality in dogs.
Multiplicity results for nonlocal critical elliptic problems
Authors: Manouni Said El , Perera Kanishka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe prove new multiplicity results for some nonlocal critical growth elliptic problems in bounded domains. More specifically, we show that the problems considered here have arbitrarily many solutions for all sufficiently large values of a certain parameter . In particular, the number of solutions goes to infinity as . We also give an explicit lower bound on in order to have a given number of solutions. This lower bound is in terms of a sequence of eigenvalues of the associated nonlocal elliptic operator. The proofs are based on an abstract critical point theorem.
Insights into small-molecule compound CY-158-11 antibacterial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Shen Li , Shi Junhong , Han Weihua , Yu Jingyi , Yuan Xinru , Gao Haojin , Huang Yu , Lv Jianbo , Wan Cailing , Zhou Peiyao , Xiao Yanghua , Zhang Jiao , Wang Bingjie , Hu Rongrong , Yu Fangyou 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The widespread prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, coupled with the diminishing supply of new antibiotics, emphasize the pressing necessity for the exploration of innovative antibacterial agents. Previously, we detailed the impact of the small-molecule compound CY-158-11 on
S. aureus
biofilm. By hindering adhesion and PIA-mediated biofilm formation, subinhibitory concentrations of CY-158-11 exhibit antibiofilm activity toward
S. aureus
. Here, we sought to elucidate the antibacterial activity and mode of action of this compound. Upon CY-158-11 treatment in culture, the inhibition of bacterial growth, coupled with MBC to MIC of >4, indicated that CY-158-11 exerted a bacteriostatic effect. Particularly, CY-158-11 showed strong antibacterial activity against a wide variety of
S. aureus
, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. We found that CY-158-11 promoted the permeability of cell membrane and propidium iodide absorption as well as caused the dissipation of membrane potential. The effect of CY-158-11 on the mammalian cytoplasmic membrane was measured using hemolytic and cytotoxicity assays, and the skin irritation and systemic toxicity of the drug were measured by injecting the compound into the skin and tail vein of mice. Moreover, CY-158-11 exhibited considerable efficacy in a subcutaneous abscess mouse model of
S. aureus
infection. In conclusion, CY-158-11 possesses antibacterial properties, including inhibition of bacterial growth, damage to cell membranes, and treatment of skin abscesses, which can be a promising therapeutic option for combating
S. aureus
.

IMPORTANCE

The combination of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance and the shrinking antibiotic pipeline has raised concern about the postantibiotic era. New antibacterial agents and targets are required to combat
S. aureus
-associated infections. In this study, we identified a maleimide-diselenide hybrid compound CY-158-11 exhibiting antibacterial activity against
S. aureus in vitro
and
in vivo
at relatively low concentrations. Furthermore, the investigation of its mode of action revealed that CY-158-11 can selectively perturb the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria without harming mammalian cells or mouse organs. Thus, CY-158-11 is a compelling novel drug for development as a new therapy for
S. aureus
infections.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
VII secretion system effector molecule Rv2347c blocks the maturation of phagosomes and activates the STING/TBK1 signaling pathway to inhibit cell autophagy
Authors: Jiang Zhiyong , Zhen Junfeng , Abulikena Yuerigu , Gao Chaoyun , Huang Lingxi , Huang Tingting , Xie Jianping 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The VII secretion system is the main channel for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
MTB
) to secrete virulence proteins. The ESAT-like proteins EsxA/B and EsxW/V in the RD region of its genome have been used as targets for vaccine antigens. However, the function of EsxO/P has not been explored, although it was predicted to potentially induce Th1 cell responses as a vaccine development target. In this study, the VII secretion system effector molecule Rv2347c was heterologously expressed in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
and found to inhibit the expression of the early marker RAB5 of phagosomes, thus preventing the maturation process of phagosomes toward lysosomes, and activated the host cytoplasmic sensing pathway. It inhibited autophagy and activated IFNβ transcription through the STING/TBK1 pathway promoting the host’s survival. Therefore, Rv2347c plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
MTB
with the potential to be utilized as a new target for tuberculosis vaccine development.

IMPORTANCE
We found that the ESAT-like protein Rv2347c (EsxP) can inhibit the maturation of phagosomes, leading to mycobacterium escape from phagosomes into the cytoplasm, which triggers the host’s cytoplasmic sensing pathway STING/TBK1, inhibiting autophagy and upregulating IFNβ transcription, which contributes to the survival of mycobacterium in the host cell. We also found that Rv2347c was able to activate host immunity by activating NF-κB via STING and promoting the transcription of downstream pro-inflammatory factors. Meanwhile, the host also produces IL-1β to repair phagosome maturation arrest via the STING-mediated non-NF-κB pathway.