bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on structure, surface composition, infrared emission and surface electrical properties of tourmaline
Authors: He Dengliang , Liu Shuxin 
Published: February 2017

Crystal structure, surface composition, infrared emission properties and surface electrical properties of tourmaline from Guangxi of China, when subjected to heat treatment in air atmosphere had been studied by some methods, including X-ray fluorescence spectrum (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) meter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Zeta potential analyzer, etc. Experimental results show that the unit cell of tourmaline would shrink during heat treatment because Fe[Formula: see text] were oxidized. Moreover, the Fe[Formula: see text]/Fe[Formula: see text] inside tourmaline can be raised after treatment. Infrared normal total emissivity of tourmaline reaches 0.87, and infrared radiation energy density is [Formula: see text]. It can maintain excellent infrared emission properties at high temperature. Simultaneously, tourmaline presents negative Zeta potential in the aqueous solution, and its Zeta potential reaches −18.04 mV. Zeta potential of tourmaline was increased to −24.83 mV after heat treatment at 400[Formula: see text]C, and decrease to −11.78 mV after heat treatment at 600[Formula: see text]C. These findings may provide reference data for tourmaline’s application in the field of functional materials.
Characteristics of the drainage network of the Kosi Megafan, India and its interaction with the August 2008 flood flow
Authors: Majumder D. , Ghosh P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Kosi River in India is well known in the fluvial fan literature because of its well-documented avulsive dynamics and because of the relationships between changes in the course of the river and megafan aggradational processes. The radial configuration of the Kosi drainage network was instrumental in the recognition of large, low-gradient, fluvial-dominated counterparts of alluvial fans, commonly defined as megafans, and the system forms a well-constrained example contributing to the recent development of the concept of distributive fluvial systems. A major flood inundated the Kosi Megafan in August 2008. The available data on the temporal evolution of the flood inundation patterns illustrate how the exceptional discharge event travelled across the megafan surface using the pre-existing distributary channel network, how the anthropogenic infrastructure affected the flood path and propagation, and the type of geomorphic changes that were induced by this catastrophic hydrological event. In spite of the large discharge involved in the flood, the fan drainage network appears not to have been significantly modified by the event, probably because the flood wave followed a pre-existing channel network for avulsion and down-fan propagation. Most of the evident aggradation took place on the proximal and medial domains along a well-defined, radially oriented sector of the fan. The observed pattern of flood propagation and associated sedimentation provide important clues to understanding the processes operating during exceptional discharge events, which are an integral part of the long-term, avulsion-dominated evolution of such systems.
Comparison between the phase angle and phase shift parameters to assess thoracoabdominal asynchrony in COPD patients
Authors: Cano Porras Desiderio , Lunardi Adriana C. , Marques da Silva Cibele C. B. , Paisani Denise M. , Stelmach Rafael , Moriya Henrique T. , Carvalho Celso R. F. 
Published: February 2017

Determining the presence of thoracoabdominal asynchrony in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is clinically relevant, but there is no consensus on the optimal parameters for performing this analysis. We assessed 22 COPD patients (FEV1 40 ± 10% predicted) and 13 healthy controls during rest and exercise with optoelectronic plethysmography (70% maximum workload) on a cycle ergometer. Thoracoabdominal asynchrony was calculated by using phase angle and phase shift parameters following a three-compartment model involving the upper and lower rib cages and abdomen. Patients were classified as having thoracoabdominal asynchrony (TAA+) or not (TAA−) based on control values (mean ± 2 SDs). The chest wall volume and compartmental contribution were also measured. Thoracoabdominal asynchrony was observed in the lower rib cage. The phase angle detected more TAA+ patients at rest (15 vs. 7 patients) and during exercise (14 vs. 8 patients) compared with the phase shift. TAA+ patients also presented a lower chest wall volume, lower rib cage contribution, and higher abdominal contribution to chest wall volume compared with the control and TAA− patients. Thoracoabdominal asynchrony was more detectable during rest and exercise using the phase angle parameter, and it was observed in the lower rib cage compartment, reducing the chest wall volume during exercise in patients with COPD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study contributes to advance the knowledge over the previous lack of consensus on the assessment of thoracoabdominal asynchrony. We rigorously evaluated the related features that interfere in the measurement of the asynchrony (measurement tool, chest wall model and calculation parameter). Our results suggest that phase angle detects more suitably thoracoabdominal asynchrony that occurs on the lower ribcage and leads to a reduction in the chest wall volume during exercise in COPD patients.
A chronic physical activity treatment in obese rats normalizes the contributions of ET-1 and NO to insulin-mediated posterior cerebral artery vasodilation
Authors: Olver T. Dylan , McDonald Matthew W. , Klakotskaia Diana , Richardson Rachel A. , Jasperse Jeffrey L. , Melling C. W. James , Schachtman Todd R. , Yang Hsiao T. , Emter Craig A. , Laughlin M. Harold 
Published: February 2017

This study tested the hypotheses that obesity-induced decrements in insulin-stimulated cerebrovascular vasodilation would be normalized with acute endothelin-1a receptor antagonism and that treatment with a physical activity intervention restores vasoreactivity to insulin through augmented nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent dilation. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats were divided into the following groups: 20 wk old food controlled (CON-20); 20 wk old free food access (model of obesity, OB-20); 40 wk old food controlled (CON-40); 40 wk old free food access (OB-40); and 40 wk old free food access+RUN (RUN-40; wheel-running access from 20 to 40 wk). Rats underwent Barnes maze testing and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC). In the 40-wk cohort, cerebellum and hippocampus blood flow (BF) were examined (microsphere infusion). Vasomotor responses (pressurized myography) to insulin were assessed in untreated, endothelin-1a receptor antagonism, and NOS inhibition conditions in posterior cerebral arteries. Insulin-stimulated vasodilation was attenuated in the OB vs. CON and RUN groups ( P ≤ 0.04). Dilation to insulin was normalized with endothelin-1a receptor antagonism in the OB groups (between groups, P ≥ 0.56), and insulin-stimulated NOS-mediated dilation was greater in the RUN-40 vs. OB-40 group ( P < 0.01). At 40 wk of age, cerebellum BF decreased during EHC in the OB-40 group ( P = 0.02) but not CON or RUN groups ( P ≥ 0.36). Barnes maze testing revealed increased entry errors and latencies in the RUN-40 vs. CON and OB groups ( P < 0.01). These findings indicate that obesity-induced impairments in vasoreactivity to insulin involve increased endothelin-1 and decreased nitric oxide signaling. Chronic spontaneous physical activity, initiated after disease onset, reversed impaired vasodilation to insulin and decreased Barnes maze performance, possibly because of increased exploratory behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The new and noteworthy findings are that 1) in rodents, obesity-related deficits in insulin-mediated vasodilation are associated with increased influence of insulin-stimulated ET-1 and depressed influence of insulin-stimulated NOS and 2) a physical activity intervention, initiated after the onset of disease, restores insulin-mediated vasodilation, likely by normalizing insulin-stimulated ET-1 and NOS balance. These data demonstrate that the treatment effects of chronic exercise on insulin-mediated vasodilation extend beyond active skeletal muscle vasculature and include the cerebrovasculature.
Development of a technique for determination of pulmonary artery pulse wave velocity in horses
Authors: Silva Gonçalo Teixeira de Almeida , Guest Bruce B. , Gomez Diego E. , McGregor Martine , Viel Laurent , O’Sullivan M. Lynne , Runciman John , Arroyo Luis G. 
Published: February 2017

Calcification of the tunica media of the axial pulmonary arteries (PA) has been reported in a large proportion of racehorses. In humans, medial calcification is a significant cause of arterial stiffening and is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac, cerebral, and renal microvascular diseases. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) provides a measure of arterial stiffness. This study aimed to develop a technique to determine PA-PWV in horses and, secondarily, to investigate a potential association between PA-PWV and arterial fibro-calcification. A dual-pressure sensor catheter (PSC) was placed in the main PA of 10 sedated horses. The pressure waves were used to determine PWV along the PA, using the statistical phase offset method. Histological analysis of the PA was performed to investigate the presence of fibro-calcified lesions. The mean (±SD) PWV was 2.3 ± 0.7 m/s in the proximal PA trunk and 1.1 ± 0.1 m/s further distal (15 cm) in a main PA branch. The mean (±SD) of mean arterial pressures in the proximal PA trunk was 30.1 ± 5.2 mmHg, and 22.0 ± 6.0 mmHg further distal (15 cm) within the main PA branch. The mean (±SD) pulse pressure in the proximal PA trunk was 15.0 ± 4.7 mmHg, and 13.5 ± 3.3 mmHg further distal (15 cm) within the main PA branch. Moderate to severe lesions of the tunica media of the PAs were observed in seven horses, but a correlation with PWV could not be established yet. Pulmonary artery PWV may be determined in standing horses. The technique described may allow further investigation of the effect of calcification of large PAs in the pathogenesis of equine pulmonary circulatory disorders. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pulmonary artery pulse wave velocity was determined safely in standing sedated horses. The technique described may allow further investigation of the effect of calcification of large pulmonary arteries in the pathogenesis of pulmonary circulatory disorders in horses.
Transient voltage-activated K+currents in central antennal lobe neurons: cell type-specific functional properties
Authors: Paeger Lars , Bardos Viktor , Kloppenburg Peter 
Published: February 2017

In this study we analyzed transient voltage-activated K+currents ( IA) of projection neurons and local interneurons in the antennal lobe of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. The antennal lobe is the first synaptic processing station for olfactory information in insects. Local interneurons are crucial for computing olfactory information and form local synaptic connections exclusively in the antennal lobe, whereas a primary task of the projection neurons is the transfer of preprocessed olfactory information from the antennal lobe to higher order centers in the protocerebrum. The different physiological tasks of these neurons require specialized physiological and morphological neuronal phenotypes. We asked if and how the different physiological phenotypes are reflected in the functional properties of IA, which is crucial for shaping intrinsic electrophysiological properties of neurons. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings from adult male P. americana showed that all their central antennal lobe neurons can generate IA. The current exhibited marked cell type-specific differences in voltage dependence of steady-state activation and inactivation, and differences in inactivation kinetics during sustained depolarization. Pharmacological experiments revealed that IAin all neuron types was partially blocked by α-dendrotoxin and phrixotoxin-2, which are considered blockers with specificity for Shaker- and Shal-type channels, respectively. These findings suggest that IAin each cell type is a mixed current generated by channels of both families. The functional role of IAwas analyzed in experiments under current clamp, in which portions of IAwere blocked by α-dendrotoxin or phrixotoxin-2. These experiments showed that IAcontributes significantly to the intrinsic electrophysiological properties, such as the action potential waveform and membrane excitability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the insect olfactory system, projection neurons and local interneurons have task-specific electrophysiological and morphological phenotypes. Voltage-activated potassium channels play a crucial role in shaping functional properties of these neurons. This study revealed marked cell type-specific differences in the biophysical properties of transient voltage-activated potassium currents in central antennal lobe neurons.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tecarfarin, a novel vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant
Authors: Albrecht Detlef , Ellis David , Canafax Daniel , Combs Daniel , Druzgala Pascal , Milner Peter , Midei Mark 
Published: February 2017

SummaryTecarfarin is a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) with reduced propensity for drug interactions. To evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and safety of tecarfarin, we performed single ascending dose (SAD) (n=66), multiple ascending dose (MAD) (n=43), and tecarfarin versus warfarin (n=28) studies in human volunteers. In the SAD, tecarfarin was administered to 5 of 6 subjects (1 received placebo) in each of 11 cohorts. AUC0-∞ exhibited linearity and dose proportionality. Elimination T1/2 ranged from 87–136 hours (h) across all doses. In the MAD, tecarfarin was administered to 5 of 6 volunteers in each of 7 cohorts. The starting dose was continued until the subject’s INR reached the target range (TR) of 1.7 to 2.0. Dosing was down-titrated if the TR was achieved. Elimination T1/2 ranged from 107–140 h. Doses <10 mg had insignificant effect on INR. Higher doses raised INRs and required down-titration to maintain the TR. Steady state INR dosing was 10–20 mg. INR declined promptly after discontinuation. In the comparative study, subjects received tecarfarin or warfarin and dose titrated to a TR of 1.5–2.0. Mean dose after TR was achieved was 13.9 mg (range 10.0–25.5 mg) for tecarfarin and 5.3 mg (range 2.5–9.0 mg) for warfarin. At similar INR levels, the concentration of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X were similar for tecarfarin and warfarin. Tecarfarin was tolerated well without serious adverse events in all three studies.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
DAMAGING EFFECT OF IMMOBILIZING STRESS ON HYPOXIA HIGH- AND LOW-RESISTANT RATS OF BOTH SEXES
Authors: Ordynskyi Iu. M. , Denefil O. V. 
Published: February 2017

Background. Cardiovascular morbidity is a topical issue; stress is an essential contributing factor. Pathogenic links in damaging stress impact on the animal units of different reactivity is promising in disease prevention and development of individual correction methods.Objective. Stress-induced development of cardiovascular pathology is undeniable, the stress impact depending on individual systemic response, age and sex.Methods. 96 hypoxia high- and low-resistant (HR and LR, respectively) Wistar rats aged 5.5-6 months were used in experiments. Changes of lipid peroxidation processes, as well as protein oxidative modification, nitrite anion content and the indices of antioxidant defence under immobilizing stress were studied in the research. Results. Immobilizing stress causes the development of oxidative and carbonyl stress in HR and LR rats that is more pronounced in LR group; and the activation of antioxidant defence system. In males, stress development is concomitant with increased catalase activity as well as that of blood peroxidase, ceruloplasmin and reduced glutathione content, whereas increased catalase and ceruloplasmin activity has been found in HR females, and that of superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin – in LR group. As compared with the females, more intensive oxidative and nitroxidative stress, protein oxidative modification, and stress-related accumulation of circulating immune complexes have been found in the males.Conclusion. The most intensive oxidative and nitroxidative stress, protein oxidative modification, and stress-related accumulation of circulating immune complexes have been found in the hypoxia low-resistant males.
An in Silico, Biomarker-Based Method for the Evaluation of Virtual Neuropsychiatric Drug Effects
Authors: Siekmeier Peter J. 
Published: February 2017

The recent explosion in neuroscience research has markedly increased our understanding of the neurobiological correlates of many psychiatric illnesses, but this has unfortunately not translated into more effective pharmacologic treatments for these conditions. At the same time, researchers have increasingly sought out biological markers, or biomarkers, as a way to categorize psychiatric illness, as these are felt to be closer to underlying genetic and neurobiological vulnerabilities. While biomarker-based drug discovery approaches have tended to employ in vivo (e.g., rodent) or in vitro test systems, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential of computational, or in silico, methodologies. Here we describe such a methodology, using as an example a biophysically detailed computational model of hippocampus that is made to generate putative schizophrenia biomarkers by the inclusion of a number of neuropathological changes that have been associated with the illness (NMDA system deficit, decreased neural connectivity, hyperdopaminergia). We use the specific inability to attune to gamma band (40 Hz) auditory stimulus as our illness biomarker. We expose this system to a large number of virtual medications, defined by systematic variation of model parameters corresponding to five cellular-level effects. The potential efficacy of virtual medications is determined by a wellness metric (WM) that we have developed. We identify a number of virtual agents that consist of combinations of mechanisms, which are not simply reversals of the causative lesions. The manner in which this methodology could be extended to other neuropsychiatric conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and fragile X syndrome, is discussed.
<p class="Body" align="left">A revision of the Oocyclus Sharp of Thailand with description of six new species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: SHORT A. E.Z. , SWANSON A. P. 
Published: February 2017

The species of Oocyclus Sharp occurring in Thailand are revised. Seven species are recorded, including six described as new: O. foxae Short & Swanson, sp. n., O. melinoventris Short & Swanson, sp. n., O. namtok Short & Swanson, sp. n., O. sitesi Short & Swanson, sp. n., O. sumatrensis d’Orchymont, O. thailensis Short & Swanson, sp. n., and O. viridescens Short & Swanson, sp. n. Previous records of an eighth species, O. bhutanicus Satô, need to be confirmed. Consistent with the known biology of other Oocyclus, all species are associated with hygropetric habitats, including waterfalls and rock seeps. A key to the species of Thai Oocyclus is given. Male genitalia are illustrated and digital photographs of the holotypes of O. melinoventris and O. sitesi are provided (online version in color).
Nomenclatural changes in Neotropical Eulophidae, Eupelmidae and Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) relating to parasitoids of Cecidoses eremita (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae)
Authors: BURKS R. A. , GIBSON G. A.P. , LA SALLE J. 
Published: February 2017

Two monospecific genera described by Brèthes (1927) in Eulophidae are newly synonymized under genera in Torymidae and Eupelmidae; respectively, Parasympiesis Brèthes is recognized as a junior synonym of Torymus Dalman n. syn. and Tropimius Brèthes as a junior synonym of Brasema Cameron n. syn. Torymus cecidicolus (Brèthes) n. comb. and Brasema willei (Brèthes) n. comb. are rediagnosed, and Torymus alegrensis (Brèthes) n. syn. is recognized as a junior synonym of T. cecidicolus. All three species were described as parasitoids of the gall-forming lepidopteran, Cecidoses eremita Curtis (Cecidosidae). Brasema willei is one of 11 species of Brasema described from South America, including B. acauda (Ashmead) n. comb., B. aprilis (Ashmead) n. comb., B. basicuprea (Walker) n. comb., B. chapadae (Ashmead) n. comb., B. corumbae (Ashmead) n. comb., B. peruviana (Crawford) n. comb., and B. proxima (Ashmead) n. comb. from Eupelmus Dalman, and B. cyanea (Ashmead) n. comb. from Zaischnopsis Ashmead.
Two new species of Adapterops (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) from protected areas of northern Madagascar, with a key to species, and new faunistic data on the genus
Authors: TRÝZNA MILOŠ , BAŇAŘ PETR 
Published: February 2017

Two new species, Adapterops mamyi Trýzna & Baňař sp. nov. and A. dimbyi Trýzna & Baňař sp. nov. (Anthribidae: Choraginae: Araecerini), from northern Madagascar are described and illustrated. A key to the species of the genus Adapterops Frieser, 2010 is given. New and interesting faunistic records of the genus are provided. Male terminalia are described for the first time, tegminal process is reported as a unique feature within the family.
Daytime Top-of-the-Atmosphere Cirrus Cloud Radiative Forcing Properties at Singapore
Authors: Lolli Simone , Campbell James R. , Lewis Jasper R. , Gu Yu , Marquis Jared W. , Chew Boon Ning , Liew Soo-Chin , Salinas Santo V. , Welton Ellsworth J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDaytime top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) cirrus cloud radiative forcing (CRF) is estimated for cirrus clouds observed in ground-based lidar observations at Singapore in 2010 and 2011. Estimates are derived both over land and water to simulate conditions over the broader Maritime Continent archipelago of Southeast Asia. Based on bookend constraints of the lidar extinction-to-backscatter ratio (20 and 30 sr), used to solve extinction and initialize corresponding radiative transfer model simulations, relative daytime TOA CRF is estimated at 2.858–3.370 W m−2 in 2010 (both 20 and 30 sr, respectively) and 3.078–3.329 W m−2 in 2011 and over water between −0.094 and 0.541 W m−2 in 2010 and −0.598 and 0.433 W m−2 in 2011 (both 30 and 20 sr, respectively). After normalizing these estimates for an approximately 80% local satellite-estimated cirrus cloud occurrence rate, they reduce in absolute daytime terms to 2.198–2.592 W m−2 in 2010 and 2.368–2.561 W m−2 in 2011 over land and −0.072–0.416 W m−2 in 2010 and −0.460–0.333 W m−2 in 2011 over water. These annual estimates are mostly consistent despite a tendency toward lower relative cloud-top heights in 2011. Uncertainties are described. Estimates support the open hypothesis of a meridional hemispheric gradient in cirrus cloud daytime TOA CRF globally, varying from positive near the equator to presumably negative approaching the non-ice-covered poles. They help expand upon the paradigm, however, by conceptualizing differences zonally between overland and overwater forcing that differ significantly. More global oceans are likely subject to negative daytime TOA CRF than previously implied.