bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of global ocean heat content from reanalyses to the atmospheric reanalysis forcing: A comparative study
Authors: Storto Andrea , Yang Chunxue , Masina Simona 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe global ocean heat content evolution is a key component of the Earth's energy budget and can be consistently determined by ocean reanalyses that assimilate hydrographic profiles. This work investigates the impact of the atmospheric reanalysis forcing through a multiforcing ensemble ocean reanalysis, where the ensemble members are forced by five state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric reanalyses during the meteorological satellite era (1979–2013). Data assimilation leads the ensemble to converge toward robust estimates of ocean warming rates and significantly reduces the spread (1.48 ± 0.18 W/m2, per unit area of the World Ocean); hence, the impact of the atmospheric forcing appears only marginal for the global heat content estimates in both upper and deeper oceans. A sensitivity assessment performed through realistic perturbation of the main sources of uncertainty in ocean reanalyses highlights that bias correction and preprocessing of in situ observations represent the most crucial component of the reanalysis, whose perturbation accounts for up to 60% of the ocean heat content anomaly variability in the pre‐Argo period. Although these results may depend on the single reanalysis system used, they reveal useful information for the ocean observation community and for the optimal generation of perturbations in ocean ensemble systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Catalytic Activity of NiO/Al2O3 Prepared by Impregnation or Coprecipitation.
Authors: EL‐SHOBAKY G. A. , AL‐NOAIMI A. N. , SABER T. M. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effect of the preparation method, metal oxide loading, and calcination temp. (450‐1000 °C) on the surface and catalytic properties of NiO/Al2O3 supported catalysts are investigated by using N2 adsorption at ‐196 °C, XRD, XPS, and catalysis of CO oxidation by O2.
MBBR followed by microfiltration and reverse osmosis as a compact alternative for advanced treatment of a pesticide‐producing industry wastewater towards reuse
Authors: Cao Sandra M. S. , Dezotti Marcia , Bassin João P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe treatment of a chemical industry wastewater with the goal of reuse was evaluated in a three‐step process. First, the industrial waste stream underwent biological treatment in a two‐stage moving‐bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system, which allowed achieving average effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium, total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of 45.5, 27.2, 1.0, 34.2, and 210 mg/L, respectively. Salt and TSS concentrations after the MBBR process were still not compatible with the requirements for effluent reuse and the silt density index (SDI15) was found to be > 6.5, making a direct reverse osmosis (RO) application impractical. By employing microfiltration (MF) downstream of the biological treatment, no salt removal was observed, but the SDI15 was reduced to around 2, enabling final RO application. Long‐term RO experiments conducted at different pressures (1.5–3.0 MPa) showed that biofouling became more severe under higher pressures, leading to the enhancement of the permeate flux drop. Rejection of DOC, TN, and salt by RO corresponded to 97.8 %, 89 %, and 99 %, respectively. The combined MBBR/MF/RO process allowed the production of a high‐quality effluent appropriate for direct reuse in the industry as feed water in cooling towers, steam boilers, and general industrial process activities.
Effects of an herbicide on physiology, morphology, and fitness of the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: González-Tokman Daniel , Martínez-Morales Imelda , Farrera Arodi , del Rosario Ortiz-Zayas María , Lumaret Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Some agrochemical compounds threaten nontarget organisms and their functions in the ecosystem. The authors experimentally evaluated the effects of one of the most common herbicide mixtures used worldwide, containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and picloram, on dung beetles, which play fundamental roles in the function of natural and managed ecosystems. The present study employed techniques of physiology and geometric morphometrics, besides including fitness measurements, to assess the effects of the herbicide in the introduced beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. Because herbicide components promote oxidative stress and affect survival in certain insects, the authors predicted negative effects on the beetles. Unexpectedly, no effect of herbicide concentration was found on clutch size, sex ratio, and fluctuating asymmetry, and it even increased physiological condition and body size in exposed beetles. Because the studied species presents 2 male morphs, the authors, for the first time, evaluated the effect of a pollutant on the ratio of these morphs. Contrary to the prediction, the herbicide mixture increased the proportion of major males. Thus, the herbicide does not threaten populations of the studied beetles. The present study discusses how both negative and positive effects of pollutants on wild animals modify natural and sexual selection processes occurring in nature, which ultimately impact population dynamics. The authors recommend the use of physiological and geometric morphometrics techniques to assess the impact of pollutants on nontarget animals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:96–102. © 2016 SETAC
Polycarbonate and polystyrene nanoplastic particles act as stressors to the innate immune system of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Greven Anne-Catherine , Merk Teresa , Karagöz Filiz , Mohr Kristin , Klapper Markus , Jovanović Boris , Palić Dušan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Water pollution with large-scale and small-scale plastic litter is an area of growing concern. Macro-plastic litter is a well-known threat to aquatic wildlife; however, the effects of micro-sized and nano-sized plastic particles on the health of organisms are not well understood. Small-scale plastic particles can easily be ingested by various aquatic organisms and potentially interfere with their immune system; therefore, the authors used a freshwater fish species as a model organism for nanoplastic exposure. Characterization of polystyrene (41.0 nm) and polycarbonate (158.7 nm) nanoplastic particles (PSNPs and PCNPs, respectively) in plasma was performed, and the effects of PSNPs and PCNPs on the innate immune system of fathead minnow were investigated. In vitro effects of PSNPs and PCNPs on neutrophil function were determined using a battery of neutrophil function assays. Exposure of neutrophils to PSNPs or PCNPs caused significant increases in degranulation of primary granules and neutrophil extracellular trap release compared to a nontreated control, whereas oxidative burst was less affected. The present study outlines the stress response of the cellular component of fish innate immune system to polystyrene and polycarbonate nanoparticles/aggregates and indicates their potential to interfere with disease resistance in fish populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3093–3100. © 2016 SETAC
The quality changes and microflora analysis of commercial instant soya milk
Authors: Ma Xiaohong , Hu Xinzhong , Liu Liu , Li Xiaoping , Ma Zhen , Chen Jiahui , Wei Xue 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSoya milk can be easily contaminated because of its rich nutritional profile and simple package form, which thus may lead to short shelf life and has been considered as a public health concern. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of sensory quality, viscosity, pH values, bacteria, and protein denaturation in soya milk samples which were stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h at 25 ± 2°C. The results showed that the sensory properties were on the decline along with the storage time. The viscosity value increased from 1.61 Pa.s to 2.50 Pa.s, while the pH value decreased from 6.87 to 6.61. In addition, the number of total bacteria and Lactobacillus increased and the protein in soya milk denatured continually. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that the main microbial strains were Rummeliibacillus, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Phyllanthus, Bergia, Zhihengliuella, and Nesterenkonia. In this study, statistics in producing, packaging, and stocking process of soya milk were given, which provided experience to controlling soya milk.
Hepatic enhancement of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced 3 Tesla MR imaging: Assessing severity of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Lee Sunyoung , Choi Dongil , Jeong Woo Kyoung 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the usefulness of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced MR imaging in assessing the severity of cirrhosis and liver function.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 120 patients who underwent Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced 3 Tesla (T) MR imaging (normal liver, n = 30; Child‐Pugh class A, n = 30; B, n = 30; and C, n = 30). Groups were matched for underlying disease, age (±5 years), gender, and creatinine (±0.05 mg/dL). Contrast enhancement index (CEI) was calculated and compared between normal and cirrhosis groups. We analyzed the correlation between hepatic function parameters and CEI at hepatobiliary phase (HP).ResultsThe degree and time course of hepatic enhancement significantly differed between normal and each cirrhosis group (P < 0.001). Mean CEI at HP constantly and significantly decreased as the severity of cirrhosis increased (P < 0.001). Total bilirubin (P = 0.022), albumin (P < 0.001), platelet count (P = 0.04), and Model for End Stage Liver Disease score (P = 0.01) were independent predictors of hepatic enhancement at HP.ConclusionThe degree of hepatic enhancement on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA indicates the severity of cirrhosis and is correlated with hepatic function parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1339–1345.
Interdecadal moisture patterns and teleconnections in Monsoonal Asia over the past seven centuries
Authors: Zhou Feifei , Fang Keyan , Zhang Fen , Li Yingjun 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTInterdecadal (10‐ to 100‐year oscillation) moisture variations over the Monsoonal Asia (MA) is highly variable across regions and time, which are relatively less understood due to the shortness of the instrumental data of a few decades. In this study, comprehensive investigations on the spatiotemporal distributions of the interdecadal moisture variations over MA as well as their evolution from prior to the industrial era were conducted utilizing the tree‐ring based drought reconstructions, i.e. the Monsoonal Asia Drought Atlas. Nine interdecadal moisture patterns in MA are identified using the self‐organizing map based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition. To further investigate these interdecadal moisture patterns, we aggregated the selected nine nodes into four patterns using a hierarchical clustering approach. Among them, Pattern 1 stands for a teleconnection between the Northeast MA and the Indian Peninsula, and Pattern 2 represents a dipole pattern between the Southern and Northern MA. We find that Pattern 1 may be linked with the dynamics of the Antarctic Oscillation that can modulate the strength of the Asian summer monsoon through meridional teleconnections. Pattern 2 is mainly driven by the elevated El Niño‐Southern Oscillation variance and the zonal ‘Silk Road Pattern’ to bridge this interdecadal modulation.
Synthesis and characterization of an adipic acid–derived epoxy resin
Authors: Maiorana Anthony , Subramaniam Bhagyashree , Centore Robert , Han Xiaorui , Linhardt Robert J. , Gross Richard A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAdipic acid, a highly abundant chemical that can be produced from biomass, was used to prepare an aromatic‐free epoxy resin. Synthesis of the diglycidyl adipate was performed by a one‐step process using epichlorohydrin and by a two‐step process comprising allylation and epoxidation. The viscosity of diglycidyl adipate is 25 mPa·s, which is 99% lower than the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The storage modulus at 25 °C for cured diglycidyl adipate and DGEBA is 2000 and 3200 MPa, respectively. The alpha transition temperature through peak of the loss modulus and the peak of tan(δ), are 77 °C and 90 °C, respectively. Low‐viscosity epoxy applications are discussed herein. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2625–2631
Imidazole‐type thermal latent curing agents with high miscibility for one‐component epoxy thermosetting resins
Authors: Kudo Kenji , Fuse Sawako , Furutani Masahiro , Arimitsu Koji 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTEpoxy resins are important thermosetting resins widely employed in industrial fields. Although the epoxy–imidazole curing system has attracted attention because of its reactivity, solidification of a liquid epoxy resin containing imidazoles proceeds gradually even at room temperature. This makes it difficult to use them for one‐component epoxy resin materials. Though powder‐type latent curing agents have been used for one‐component epoxy resin materials, they are difficult to apply for fabrication of fine industrial products due to their poor miscibility. To overcome this situation and to improve the shelf life of epoxy–imidazole compositions, we have developed a liquid‐type thermal latent curing agent 1, generating an imidazole with a thermal trigger via a retro‐Michael addition reaction. The latent curing agent 1 has superior miscibility toward epoxy resins; in addition, it was confirmed that the epoxy resin composition has both high reactivity at 150 °C, and long‐term storage stability at room temperature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2680–2688
Meso‐β‐scale environment for the stationary band complex of vertically sheared tropical cyclones
Authors: Riemer Michael 
Published: May 2016

The stationary band complex (SBC) is a distinct, quasi‐stationary convective asymmetry outside the eyewall of a tropical cyclone (TC) and plays an important role for TC intensity. Seminal work by Willoughby et al. related the SBC to the kinematic boundary between the TC and its environment and proposed a formation mechanism for the SBC. These results have been derived from observational data that are limited in radial and azimuthal coverage. The current study revisits these results using data from an idealized numerical experiment, which are not subject to such limitations. Consistent with Willoughby et al., the SBC in the idealized experiment is located near the boundary between the TC's ‘moist envelope’ and the lower θe environment. In contrast, however, the SBC is not associated with the kinematic boundary between the TC and the environmental flow. Furthermore, the proposed formation mechanism does not operate in the idealized experiment.I propose an alternative formation mechanism that links the SBC to two fundamental consequences of environmental vertical wind shear: (i) the distortion of the ‘moist envelope’ and (ii) the tilt of the TC vortex. In the idealized experiment, the respective regions of high‐θe air and a positive vorticity anomaly overlap at low levels in the semicircle to the right of the shear vector well outside the eyewall. A simple slab boundary‐layer model indicates that frictional convergence associated with the vorticity asymmetry is a viable, dynamical forcing mechanism for deep convection. While ascent out of the boundary layer occurs over a radially broad region, the large radial shear of the TC's swirling winds promotes the organization of the ensuing convection into a band‐like pattern. I emphasize that this formation mechanism considers only the meso‐β‐scale envelope of the SBC. As shown previously by others, convective‐scale processes contribute further to the organization of the SBC within this envelope.
Can litter addition mediate plant productivity responses to increased precipitation and nitrogen deposition in a typical steppe?
Authors: Shen Yue , Chen Wenqing , Yang Gaowen , Yang Xin , Liu Nan , Sun Xiao , Chen Jishan , Zhang Yingjun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPlant litter is a key component of grassland and plays a major role in terrestrial ecosystem processes. Global climate change has been shown to considerably alter litter inputs to soils, which may feed back to the grassland ecosystem responses to climate change. In order to explore whether litter addition could mediate above and belowground productivity responses to short‐term increases in growing‐season precipitation and nitrogen deposition, we conducted a two‐year study on water, nitrogen and litter addition in Inner Mongolia grassland. After two years of treatments, our results showed that water, nitrogen, and litter addition increased aboveground biomass (AB) and belowground net primary productivity (BNPP). Besides, litter addition increased BNPP responses to water addition. These litter addition effects could be attributed to the influence of litter on soil moisture and soil nitrogen availability, ultimately increasing belowground water use efficiency (WUEBNPP) and plant nitrogen uptake (NUPBNPP). However, litter addition suppressed the aboveground biomass (AB) responses to nitrogen addition under ambient precipitation conditions by affecting soil moisture. In conclusion, our results suggest that ecosystem responses to short‐term increases in growing‐season precipitation and nitrogen deposition could be mediated by the increased litter input caused by climate change.
Sialylated galacto-oligosaccharides and 2′-fucosyllactose reduce necrotising enterocolitis in neonatal rats
Authors: Autran Chloe A. , Schoterman Margriet H. C. , Jantscher-Krenn Evelyn , Kamerling Johannis P. , Bode Lars 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most frequent and fatal intestinal disorders in preterm infants and has very limited treatment options. Breast-fed infants are at a 6–10-fold lower NEC risk than formula-fed infants, and we have previously shown that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) improved survival and reduced pathology in a rat NEC model. The HMO disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) was most effective, and sialylation was shown to be essential for its protective effect. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), currently added to some infant formula, but not containing sialic acid, had no effect. In addition to DSLNT, our previous work also showed that the neutral HMO fraction, which contains high concentrations of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL), slightly improved pathology scores. Here, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of 2′FL, as well as of GOS that we enzymatically sialylated (Sia-GOS). Neonatal rats were randomised into the following study groups – dam-fed (DF), formula-fed (FF), FF containing pooled HMO (10 mg/ml), GOS (8 mg/ml), Sia-GOS (500 µm) or 2′FL (2 mg/ml) – and subjected to the established NEC protocol. The DF and HMO groups had the lowest pathology scores with mean values of 0·67 (sd 0·34) and 0·90 (sd 0·47), respectively. The FF group had significantly elevated pathology scores of 2·02 (sd 0·63). Although the addition of GOS to the formula had no protective effect and generated scores of 2·00 (sd 0·63), the addition of Sia-GOS or 2′FL significantly lowered pathology scores to 1·32 (sd 0·56) (P<0·0034) and 1·43 (sd 0·51) (P<0·0040), respectively. The results warrant further studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to assess safety and efficacy in human neonates.
Orbifold Zeta Functions for Dual Invertible Polynomials
Authors: Ebeling Wolfgang , Gusein-Zade Sabir M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn invertible polynomial innvariables is a quasi-homogeneous polynomial consisting ofnmonomials so that the weights of the variables and the quasi-degree are well defined. In the framework of the construction of mirror symmetric orbifold Landau–Ginzburg models, Berglund, Hübsch and Henningson considered a pair (f, G) consisting of an invertible polynomialfand an abelian groupGof its symmetries together with a dual pair. Here we study the reduced orbifold zeta functions of dual pairs (f, G) andand show that they either coincide or are inverse to each other depending on the numbernof variables.
Age of onset of Ménière's disease in the Netherlands: data from a specialised dizziness clinic
Authors: Van Esch B F , Van Benthem P P G , Van Der Zaag-Loonen H J , Bruintjes TJ D 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectives:To determine the age of onset of Ménière's disease in patients who visited a specialised dizziness clinic, and to verify whether the trend of a delayed onset age of Ménière's disease as reported for the Japanese population also occurs in the Netherlands.Method:A retrospective data analysis was performed of patients diagnosed with ‘definite’ Ménière's disease who visited our clinic between January 2000 and December 2013.Results:Mean onset age of Ménière's disease among the 296 patients was 53.0 ± 14.1 years; 209 patients (71 per cent) were diagnosed between the fifth and seventh decades of life. No trend towards a later onset of Ménière's disease was found (regression beta co-efficient for year of presentation was 0.03; 95 per cent confidence interval = −0.34–0.61;p= 0.58).Conclusion:Ménière's disease has a peak incidence between 40 and 69 years of age. No shift towards a later onset age of Ménière's disease was found.
Limit Theorems for Empirical Density of Greatest Common Divisors
Authors: MEHRDAD BEHZAD , ZHU LINGJIONG 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe law of large numbers for the empirical density for the pairs of uniformly distributed integers with a given greatest common divisor is a classic result in number theory. We study the large deviations of the empirical density. We will also obtain a rate of convergence to the normal distribution for the central limit theorem. Some generalisations are provided.
Fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I: emerging therapeutic targets in cancer
Authors: Qu Q , Zeng F , Liu X , Wang Q J , Deng F 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTumor cells exhibit unique metabolic adaptations that are increasingly viewed as potential targets for novel and specific cancer therapies. Among these targets, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system is responsible for delivering the long-chain fatty acid (FA) from cytoplasm into mitochondria for oxidation, where carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). With increasing understanding of the crucial role had by fatty acid oxidation in cancer, CPTI has received renewed attention as a pivotal mediator in cancer metabolic mechanism. CPTI activates FAO and fuels cancer growth via ATP and NADPH production, constituting an essential part of cancer metabolism adaptation. Moreover, CPTI also functionally intertwines with other key pathways and factors to regulate gene expression and apoptosis of cancer cell. Here, we summarize recent findings and update the current understanding of FAO and CPTI in cancer and provide theoretical basis for this enzyme as an emerging potential molecular target in cancer therapeutic intervention.