bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process-Design Considerations for a Compressor Dry-Gas Seal-System Interface
Authors: Leong Chung , Goyal Sanjiv 
Published: December 2015

Summary
The dry-gas seal (DGS) is a critical integrity component of the centrifugal or screw compressor, providing shaft sealing and preventing uncontrolled escape of process gas from the casing. Failure of this component in the compressor can result in plant outage and considerable revenue loss to the operating company.
The DGS relies on a very thin gas film that is formed between a stationary ring and a rotating ring. Pressurized and clean seal gas is introduced to work as the gas film, preventing leakage of the compressor casing gas. Minor seal-gas leakage from the gas seal is at low pressure, and is usually collected in an enclosed system for disposal (e.g., low-pressure or atmospheric flare).
Failure of the DGS seal is often not caused by its intrinsic design issues, but rather by aspects peripheral to the seal. The need for pressurized seal gas necessitates the evaluation of possible sources of gas supply during normal operation and startup. Possible sources of supply evaluated in this study include high-pressure gas-export pipeline, multitrain arrangement to supply gas from the operating train to the standby train, and the use of gas boosters. Seal-gas cleanliness demands fine gas filtration as mandatory before gas entry to the seals. Because the seal gas undergoes different levels of pressure reduction within the seal, potential liquid (or condensation) and, in some cases, solid (hydrate) formation in the gas seals must be studied together with its mitigating measures in the design to avoid seal failure. The possible presence of other contaminants because of sour-gas components is addressed, along with suggested treatment methods. Other design considerations, such as reverse rotation, depressurization limitations, and reverse pressurization, are also addressed.
Whether engineers are engaged in designing the gas-compression system or in troubleshooting the facilities operation, a clear understanding of these various aspects is important. This paper does not address the design of the DGS, which is proprietary to the manufacturer. On the basis of past experiences, this paper describes the various salient features and peripheral requirements of the DGS, and offers recommendations for interfacing with the compressor vendor from the process-system-design and -operation perspectives.
Gene Action and Heterotic Groups of Early White Quality Protein Maize Inbreds under Multiple Stress Environments
Authors: Badu‐Apraku B. , Fakorede M.A.B. , Talabi A.O. , Oyekunle M. , Akaogu I.C , Akinwale R.O. , Annor B. , Melaku G. , Fasanmade Y. , Aderounmu M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTFood insecurity and malnutrition are major challenges facing rural populations in sub‐Saharan Africa. A total of 150 quality protein maize (Zea maysL.) (QPM) hybrids generated from 30 early‐maturing QPM inbreds plus six checks were evaluated under drought, low soil N, andStriga[Striga hermonthica(Delile) Benth.]‐infested environments in Nigeria for 2 yr. The objectives were to (i) examine the gene action conditioning the traits in the inbreds, (ii) classify them into heterotic groups using two methods, (iii) identify the best QPM inbred testers across environments, and (iv) identify stable and high‐yielding hybrids. General and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively) mean squares were significant (P< 0.01) for grain yield and other traits across environments, indicating that additive and nonadditive gene actions were important in the inheritance of most traits of the inbreds. Preponderance of SCA sum of squares over GCA for most measured traits across environments indicated that nonadditive gene action largely modulated inbred trait inheritance. The GCA effects of multiple traits (HGCAMT) method classified the inbreds into three heterotic groups each under drought and across environments and four groups under low N andStriga‐infested environments. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based method placed the inbreds into three groups across environments and was more efficient. TZEQI 6 and TZEQI 55 were identified as testers across environments. TZEQI 44 × TZEQI 4, TZEQI 35 × TZEQI 39, TZEQI 35 × TZEQI 59, TZEQI 6 × TZEQI 35, and TZEQI 45 × TZEQI 33 were the most stable and highest‐yielding hybrids across environments and should be commercialized for improved nutrition and food security in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Novel FAD2–1A Alleles Confer an Elevated Oleic Acid Phenotype in Soybean Seeds
Authors: Thapa Rima , Carrero‐Colon Militza , Crowe Marissa , Gaskin Erik , Hudson Karen 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTo identify novel sources of genetic variation for the high oleic acid seed trait, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] lines containing a higher fraction of oleic acid were identified through a forward‐genetic screen of a chemically mutagenized population. Mutant lines contained 30 to 40% of the total fatty acids as oleic acid. Nine of the lines identified contained novel point mutations in the FAD2–1A gene, which is known to be required for the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Mutation‐specific markers were developed to follow the mutant alleles in segregating populations and confirmed the genetic association of the novel polymorphisms with the elevated oleic acid trait. These lines can be used in breeding approaches and in combination with other genes to generate new soybean germplasm with high levels of oleic acid for the edible oil market.
Magic Tricks
Authors: Bhattacharya Himika 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article traces the memories surrounding the death of an adivasi woman, Shalini, from the northwestern Himalayan (adivasi/tribal) region of Lahaul, India. By focusing on how the memories of her death evolve in both official and community discourses, this article sheds light on some key issues within the complex web of tribe and state politics in India. These two discourses co-constitute each other and transform Shalini's death from pertaining to (gendered) violence to eventually being dismissed as an accident. Thus, violence (against adivasi women) becomes the register on which the otherwise oppositional patriarchies of state and tribe collude and produce the woman as both an unreliable subject and a target of violence. Finally, the article explores counter-memory as a means to rearticulate and reframe the memory of Shalini's death where her subject position is that of a believable agent, one who is not (pre)determined (as unreliable) by state and tribal patriarchies.
Black Feminism on Capitol Hill
Authors: Curwood Anastasia 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Shirley Chisholm (1924–2005) conducted a long political career in the service of black feminist ideas. Her 1972 run for President is the most famous of her efforts, but she also served fourteen years in Congress (1969–1983), serving Brooklyn, New York. As a holder of national elected office at the same time that black feminists were institutionalizing their activism into organizations, Chisholm bridged grassroots and local activism with the national state. She also bridged the ongoing black freedom struggle and women's movements, though not without complication and controversy. This essay uses Chisholm's writings and speeches, as well as government documents, newspaper archives, and interviews to demonstrate Chisholm's dual engagement with the antiracist and antifeminist movements of her time within the context of legislative politics.
Traction and drawbar performance characteristics of power tiller attached cage wheel
Authors: Pradhan Piyush , Verma Ajay , Naik Rajesh , Guru Prabhat 
Published: December 2015

The study was carried out in the research farm of Indira Gandhi Agricultural University Raipur Chhattisgarh in June 2014. To evaluate drawbar and tractive power of 4.85kW of power tiller cultivator attached with two different types of cage wheel of half width (C1) and angle type wheels (C2) for a small power tiller operated in clay soil of wet land and flood condition. It was found that the maximum draft values of C1 and C2 were 1192N and 1039N in flood condition and 1318N and 1225N in wet condition. The results showed that maximum tractive efficiency was for cage wheel C1 and C2 values were 72.91% and 69.86% in puddle soil. The maximum field capacity was 0.084 ha/h for cage wheel C2 in puddle soil.BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 38-49
First-principles study of a molecular adsorption of fluorine on monolayer MoS2
Authors: Paudyal Hari , Pantha Nurapati , Adhikari Narayan Prasad 
Published: December 2015

We have performed density functional theory (DFT) based first-principles calculations to study the stability, geometrical structures and electronic properties of pure monolayer Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and Fluorine (F2) adsorbed monolayer MoS2 within the DFT-D2 level of approximations. Present study shows that a F2 molecule adsorbed MoS2 monolayer system is stable. From the geometry and in- formation of adsorption energy of F2 molecule on the different occupation sites of MoS2 monolayer, it has been found that Fluorine prefers atomic adsorption above sulphur (S) atom. The binding energy per equivalent molecular Fluorine above the sulfur (S) atom is found to be 1.83 eV. The electronic structure calculations of MoS2 and F2 adsorbed MoS2 monolayer shows that there is a band gap of 1.14 eV and 1.01 eV respectively, at the Fermi level. Further, the symmetry of total DOS for up and down spin calculations reveals that the F2 adsorbed MoS2 monolayer is non-magnetic as similar to that of pure MoS2 monolayer. The projected density of states (PDOS) of a F2 adsorbed MoS2 monolayer is studied to understand the weighted contributions of different orbitals.BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 50-59
Structural and electronic properties of perovskite hydrides ACaH3 (A=Cs and Rb)
Authors: Lamichhane S , Aryal B , Kaphle GC , Adhikari NP 
Published: December 2015

We have performed structural properties, electronic properties, charge density and potential distribution of CsCaH3 and RbCaH3 using TB-LMTO-ASA approach under local density approximation. Our findings show that both CsCaH3 and RbCaH3 are non-magnetic and then insulators with estimated direct band gaps (M-M) of 3.15 eV and 3.17 eV respectively. Our estimated values of band gap suggest to both materials as better candidate for the high frequency ultra-violet devices. Furthermore, role of corner atoms in perovskite hydrides are also presented in this study. Present calculations agree well with the previous work.BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 94-99
Finite partially ordered set and some of its properties
Authors: Yadav RN , Chakrabarti SK , Jha IS , Yadav UP 
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on some main properties of the finite partially ordered sets. These properties are furnished in the form of theorems. Here we have presented three such theorems. The first theorem is called as ‘duality theorem’. This fundamental theorem was first obtained by Greene. Few years later it was rediscovered and given an alternative proof by Fomin. The second theorem bestows the functionality property. The proof of this was also done by Greene. However, Gansner gave an alternative proof of the theorem taking advantage of a connection between poset and linear algebra. The proof of the third theorem is fully due to us. This theorem gives rise to a recursive computation of the shape. In the present paper we have discussed the first two properties through suitable illustrations only whereas a complete proof is furnished for the last one. BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 126-130
Sandhyopaasan:The Hindu Ritual as a Foundation of Vedic Education
Authors: Timilsina Rajendra Raj 
Published: December 2015

Yoga, meditation and Hasta Mudra Chikitsa (medication through the exercise or gesture of hands) known as spiritual activities in the past have been emerged as bases to maintain one’s health, peace and tranquility. Some people follow yoga, some focus on meditation and others apply “Hasta Chikitsa” or “Mudra”. They are separate traditional exercises. They require to spend 10 to 30 minutes once or twice a day for their optional exercise/s. It is proved that such practice has productive effect in different health treatments. This paper has applied the methods of observation, interview and literature review as qualitative paradigm in exploring their original roots of Vedic Sandhyopaasan. Twice born castes (Brahman, Chhetri and Baishya) of Nepali Hindu society has been found practicing all components of the exercises as a unified ritual of Sandhyopaasan. Upanayan (Bratabandha) ritual teaches Sandhyopaasan procedures for self control and self healing of the performers. Brahman is not eligible as Brahman without doing the ritual daily. However, this study has found that some Dalits have also been practicing Sandhyopaasan daily and feeling relaxed. Findings of this study show that Sandhyopaasan is a compact package of yoga, meditations and Hasta Chikitsa. Students and gurus of Vedas have been regularly following the compact package for inner peace and self control. Root of yoga, meditation and “Mudra” is Sandhyopaasan and this is the base of Hindu education system. The paper analyzes the ritual through Hindu educational perspective.
On non-round points of the boundary of the numerical range and an application to non-selfadjoint Schrödinger operators
Authors: Hansmann Marcel 
Published: December 2015

We show that non-round boundary points of the numerical range of an unbounded operator (i.e. points where the boundary has infinite curvature) are contained in the spectrum of the operator. Moreover, we show that non-round boundary points, which are not corner points, lie in the essential spectrum. is generalizes results of Hübner, Farid, Spitkovsky and Salinas and Velasco for the case of bounded operators.
We apply our results to non-selfadjoint Schrödinger operators, showing that in this case the boundary of the numerical range can be non-round only at points where it hits the essential spectrum.
Abdominal Wall Injuries at the Elite Level in Australian Male Professional Cricketers
Authors: Humphries David , Orchard John , Kountouris Alex 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Injuries to the abdominal wall, particularly muscular injuries, are relatively common in professional cricketers. The Cricket Australia injury database holds data on these injuries over a 20 years span.

Methods
This study is a combination of (1) a descriptive outline of the parameters associated with side strains and abdominal wall injuries in elite male cricketers, based on deidentified data extraction from the Cricket Australia database from 1995 to 1996 and 2014 to 2015; (2) multivariate regression analysis of risk factors for abdominal wall strains, taking into account the risk factors of player position, player age and previous abdominal wall injury history.

Results
There were 183 injuries recorded over a 20 years period at Australian state or national player level. Significant risk factors in logistic regression analysis were: being a Pace Bowler RR 10.0 (95% CI 3.1—32.1) and being 24 years old or younger RR 3.4 (95% CI 1.7—6.8). Surprisingly, there was only minimal risk increase, not reaching statistical significance, for recent injury in the same season (p = 0.18) and no association at all with past injury in previous season (p = 0.99).

Discussion
The internal oblique muscle is reported the most commonly injured component of the abdominal wall, the injuries are overwhelmingly sustained by pace bowlers and the peak incidence of the injury is in the early part of the cricket season. Younger fast bowlers are more likely to be injured than older ones. A history of abdominal wall strain in either the recent or distant past does not increase or decrease future risk of strain, which is in contrast to other muscle strains.

How to cite this article
Humphries D, Orchard J, Kountouris A. Abdominal Wall Injuries at the Elite Level in Australian Male Professional Cricketers. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4): 155-158.
Epidemiology of Orthopedic Injuries in Indian Cricket: A Prospective One Year Observational Study
Authors: Aggarwal Sameer , Dhillon Mandeep S , Soni Ritesh K , Dhillon Himmat , Prabhakar Sharad 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The understanding of cricket related injuries is still in its infancy in India with very limited surveillance data published from the subcontinent.

Objective
This is a prospective observational study on the epidemiology of orthopedic injuries in Indian cricket players.

Materials and methods
This study included cricketers of an elite North Indian cricket team. The study covered a period of 1 year, comprising one playing season and one off season. The player types were categorized by Orchard's injury definitions, and the term ‘All Rounder’ was introduced.

Results
Ninety-five male players who fulfilled inclusion criteria sustained 48 significant and 12 insignificant injuries. Injury incidence documented by us (3.27 per 10,000 hours of play) was significantly lower than Australian figures (24.2 injuries/10,000 playing hours). These players did not have any ‘off day’ from the game, leading to limited rest, which was different from international standards. Bowlers sustained the most severe injuries, specifically of the lower limb, while fielders had increased risk of sustaining upper limb injury. Fast bowlers had increased risk of sustaining back trauma. Injuries were also sustained during practice and due to poor ground conditions.

Conclusion
Orchard's internationally accepted definitions of cricket injury need to be modified for the Indian scenario, where ‘off days’ are not observed, and many injuries which keep players from the game occur in unsupervised practice. This may influence overall incidence and prevalence rates.

How to cite this article
Dhillon MS, Soni RK, Aggarwal S, Dhillon H, Prabhakar S. Epidemiology of Orthopedic Injuries in Indian Cricket: A Prospective One Year Observational Study. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4):168-172.
Spondylolysis among Fast Bowlers: Approach to Management
Authors: Shah Kunal C , Kothari Manish Kundanmal , Prabhoo Tanay , Nene Abhay M 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Fast bowlers are prone to stress lesions of the pars, especially the young players. The mixed type bowling action and excess bowling workloads are the risk factors associated with this injury. Other factors like adolescent age group, tight hamstrings, lordotic posture and lower limb mechanics have been implicated. Given the heavy cost of time away from play, efforts should be made to prevent these injuries at all levels of the game, across all age groups. Various cricketing boards have laid down guidelines to prevent excess bowling workloads during the match as well as during practice sessions. Coaching interventions are effective in changing the unsafe bowling actions without affecting the bowling speed or performance of the bowler. Spondylolysis may be asymptomatic or present with activity related back pain. A high level of suspicion is required for diagnosis. MRI now seems to be the first line of investigation due to the ability to detect stress reaction of the pars and adjoining pedicle as well as other causes of back pain. Localized CT scan may be required for further characterization of the lesion and to assess healing. Pars lesions have been classified on the basis of MRI picture. Initial stages show only stress reaction (early) followed by cortical breach (progressive) and later appearance of the defect (terminal). Conservative treatment includes rest from sporting activities followed by guided rehabilitation and risk factor analysis. In case of failure of conservative treatment, surgical repair of the pars gives satisfactory results and return to play.

How to cite this article
Kothari MK, Shah KC, Prabhoo T, Nene AM. Spondylolysis among Fast Bowlers: Approach to Management. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4):186-193.
Isolated Duodenal Trauma following Cricket Ball Injury
Authors: Krishnamurthy Gautham , Kumar Hemanth , Das Rinki , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
A fifteen years old boy presented to the emergency department with blunt trauma abdomen following cricket ball injury. At the time of presentation, patient was hemodynamically stable with diffuse abdominal tenderness and right hypochondrial guarding. On exploratory laparotomy, he was found to have isolated duodenal laceration and underwent pancreas preserving total duodenectomy with ampullojejunostomy. In the postoperative period, patient developed fever with respiratory tract infection and eventually succumbed to multiorgan dysfunction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing isolated duodenal injury resulting from blunt abdominal trauma due to cricket ball.

How to cite this article
Krishnamurthy G, Kumar H, Das R, Gupta R. Isolated Duodenal Trauma following Cricket Ball Injury. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4):213-215.
Influence of anatomy and basic density on specific cutting force for wood from Corymbia citriodora Hill & Johnson
Authors: De L. Melo Luiz-E. , M. da Silva José-R. , Napoli Alfredo , Lima José-T. , R. Nascimento Débora-F. 
Published: December 2015

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of xylem tissue cell structure, determined through biometry and basic density of the wood from Corymbia citriodora Hill & Johnson on consumption of specific 90º-0º longitudinal cutting force.Area of study: The study area was in the region of the Vale do Rio Doce - Minas Gerais, Brazil.Material and methods: A diametrical board with dimensions of 60 x 18 x 5 cm (length x width x thickness, respectively), with more than 1.3 m from the ground, was removed. In machining trials, a 400 mm diameter circular saw was used, with 24 “WZ” teeth, feed rate of 10 m.min-1, cutting speed of 61 m.s-1, and maximum instantaneous torque of 92.5 N.m. During cutting, test specimens were removed with alternated and parallel 1.5 cm edges in 6 radial positions, which were used for biometric determination of cell structure and basic density.Main results: It was observed that wood basic density, vessel diameter, fiber wall thickness, fiber wall fraction and fiber wall portion were directly proportional to the specific cutting force. In contrast, vessel frequency and fiber lumen diameter proved to be inversely proportional to cutting force.Research highlights: This work provides important values of quantification of influence of xylem tissue cell structure, determined through biometry and physical properties of the wood that may be used to prediction of consumption of specific cutting force.Keywords: wood machining; wood properties; optimization of the process.
Travail de rue, reconnaissance et citoyenneté : étude d’un cas montréalais1
Authors: Castillo González Eduardo , Marion Élodie , Saulnier Mélody 
Published: December 2015

Cet article présente l’étude d’un programme de Travail de rue s’adressant aux jeunes en difficultés dans un arrondissement de la ville de Montréal. Le document vise essentiellement la discussion des effets du programme sur la population desservie. La combinaison de méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives a permis de récolter un riche matériau de recherche de même que d’identifier deux sphères de la vie sociale des jeunes sur lesquelles le travail de rue, une pratique de proximité, semble avoir un effet important : le développement d’un sentiment de reconnaissance et l’exercice de la citoyenneté. Qui plus est, les analyses permettent d’entrevoir dans ce milieu l’impact positif de la pratique du travail de rue, cet impact étant davantage perceptible chez les filles que chez les garçons. Enfin, les particularités du travail de rue en tant que pratique d’intervention, son caractère atypique et les stratégies d’intervention qui y sont reliées sont discutées à différents moment dans cet article.