bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildfire influences on the variability and trend of summer surface ozone in the mountainous western United States
Authors: Lu Xiao , Zhang Lin , Yue Xu , Zhang Jiachen , Jaffe Daniel A. , Stohl Andreas , Zhao Yuanhong , Shao Jingyuan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Increasing wildfire activities in the mountainous western US may present a challenge for the region to attain a recently revised ozone air quality standard in summer. Using current Eulerian chemical transport models to examine the wildfire ozone influences is difficult due to uncertainties in fire emissions, inadequate model chemistry, and resolution. Here we quantify the wildfire influence on the ozone variability, trends, and number of high MDA8 (daily maximum 8 h average) ozone days over this region in summers (June, July, and August) 1989–2010 using a new approach. We define a fire index using retroplumes (plumes of back-trajectory particles) computed by a Lagrangian dispersion model (FLEXPART) and develop statistical models based on the fire index and meteorological parameters to interpret MDA8 ozone concentrations measured at 13 Intermountain West surface sites. We show that the statistical models are able to capture the ozone enhancements by wildfires and give results with some features different from the GEOS-Chem Eulerian chemical transport model. Wildfires enhance the Intermountain West regional summer mean MDA8 ozone by 0.3–1.5 ppbv (daily episodic enhancements reach 10–20 ppbv at individual sites) with large interannual variability, which are strongly correlated with the total MDA8 ozone. We find large fire impacts on the number of exceedance days; for the 13 CASTNet sites, 31 % of the summer days with MDA8 ozone exceeding 70 ppbv would not occur in the absence of wildfires.
Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species
Authors: Sharaf Mostafa R. , Salman Shehzad , Al Dhafer Hathal M. , Akbar Shahid A. , Abdel-Dayem Mahmoud S. , Aldawood Abdulrahman S. 
Published: November 2016

The ant genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 is revised for the Arabian Peninsula based on the worker caste. Nine species are recognized and descriptions of two new species, T. almosayari sp. nov. and T. shakeri sp. nov. from Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia, are given. For nomenclatural stability, lectotypes for T. abyssinicus (Forel, 1894a), T. lameerei (Forel, 1902) and T. mayri (Forel, 1902) are designated. A key to species and diagnostic characters of the treated species are presented. New country records are presented for T. abyssinicus (Saudi Arabia), T. destructor (Jerdon, 1851) (Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) and T. mayri (Qatar). New distributional records for T. destructor and T. mayri for Saudi Arabia are also provided. World and regional species distributions are indicated and distributional maps for nine Arabian species are included. Ecological and biological information is given when known.
Aleksandro Jogailaičio laikų pasiuntiniai į Lenkijos karalystę
Authors: Trimonienė Rita Regina 
Published: November 2016

Pasitelkus prozopografinį metodą, straipsnyje siekiama apibrėžti ir charakterizuoti Aleksandro Jogailaičio laikų LDK pasiuntinių į Lenkijos karalystę korpusą, išnagrinėti atskirų asmenų diplomatinę veiklą, jos ypatumus. Diplomatiniai santykiai buvo palaikomi valdovo vardu, tačiau su Ponų tarybos žinia. 1492–1506 m. įvairiuose šaltiniuose užfiksuota 20 pasiuntinybių, į kurias vyko maždaug 28 asmenys, priklausę Ponų tarybai.
Spectroscopic investigation of autoionizing Rydberg states of palladium accessible after odd-mass-selective laser excitation
Authors: Kobayashi Tohru , Locke Clayton R. , Midorikawa Katsumi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Excitation of palladium to autoionizing Rydberg states are investigated in order to realize efficient ionization after odd-mass-selective excitation. Wavelength resolution is sufficient to distinguish two autoionizing Rydberg series: 4d9(2D3/2)np

and 4d9(2D3/2)np

converging to Pd II 4d9(2D3/2) as is expected from transition selection rules. Of all observed transitions, the largest autoionization yield is found to be through the 4d9(2D3/2)11p

state at 69055.2 cm−1. From fitting analysis of the observed members of the 4d9(2D3/2)np

series, we have obtained the energy of Pd II 4d9(2D3/2) to be 70780.38 ± 0.08 cm−1.
Building healthy eating habits in childhood: a study of the attitudes, knowledge and dietary habits of schoolchildren in Malaysia
Authors: Hoque Kazi Enamul , Kamaluddin Megat Ahmad , Abdul Razak Ahmad Zabidi , Abdul Wahid Afiq Athari 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundOverweight and obesity have increased rapidly in incidence to become a global issue today. Overweight and obesity problems are significantly linked to unhealthy dietary patterns, physical inactivity and misperception of body image. This study aimed to determine whether Malaysian children build healthy eating habits from childhood.MethodsA survey on eating habits was conducted among primary school students in standards 4 to 6 in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The findings of the study were reported in the form of descriptive statistics involving frequencies and percentages. Data from 400 respondents were analyzed.ResultsOur findings showed that the students understood the definition of healthy food and the types of food that are considered healthy. Although the students knew that food such as deep-fried drumsticks and hamburgers contain a high amount of saturated fat and cholesterol, these foods were still consumed by them. There was also a high consumption of foods that are fried and contain sugar, salt and saturated fat. In choosing food, two major factors contributed to the students’ decisions: cleanliness (65.8%) and the preference of their parents (12.3%).DiscussionOur findings indicate that by implementing the Integrated School Health Program (ISHP) properly, students’ eating habits can be improved by creating a school with a healthy environment.
Social and Environmental Determinants of Health and Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome–Related Mortality
Authors: Vieira de Oliveira Salerno Pedro Rafael , Cotton Antoinette , Elgudin Yakov E. , Virani Salim , Nasir Khurram , Neeland Ian , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Sattar Naveed , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Deo Salil V. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceIt is not well understood if and how various social and environmental determinants of health (SEDoH) are associated with mortality rates related to cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM) across the US.ObjectiveTo study the magnitude of the association strength of SEDoH with CKM-related mortality at the county level across the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, retrospective, population-based study used aggregate county-level data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) data portal from 2010-2019. Data analysis occurred from September 2023 to January 2024.ExposuresA total of 7 diverse SEDoH were chosen, including median annual household income, percentage of racial and ethnic minority residents per county, fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) concentrations, high-school completion rate, primary health care access, food insecurity, and rurality rate.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was county-level age-adjusted mortality rate (aaMR) attributable to CKM. The association of county-level CKM-related aaMR with the 7 SEDoH was analyzed using geographically weighted models and the model median coefficients for each covariate studied.ResultsData from 3101 of 3243 counties (95.6%) were analyzed. There was substantial variation in SEDoH between states and counties. The overall pooled median (IQR) aaMR (2010-2019) in the US was 505.5 (441.3-578.9) per 100 000 residents. Most counties in the lower half of the US had rates much higher than the pooled median (eg, Southern US median [IQR] aaMR, 537.3 [466.0-615.9] per 100 000 residents). CKM-related mortality was positively associated with the food insecurity rate (median [IQR] β = 6.78 [2.78-11.56]) and PM2.5 concentrations (median [IQR] β = 5.52 [−11.06 to 19.70]), while it was negatively associated with median annual household income (median [IQR] β = −0.002 [−0.003 to −0.001]), rurality (median [IQR] β = −0.32 [−0.67 to 0.02]), high school completion rate (median [IQR] β = −1.89 [−4.54 to 0.10]), racial and ethnic minority rate (median [IQR] β = −0.66 [−1.85 to 0.89]), and primary health care access rate (median [IQR] β = −0.18 [−0.35 to 0.07]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of county-level data across the US, there were substantial geographical differences in the magnitude of the association of SEDoH with CKM-related aaMR. These findings may provide guidance for deciding local health care policy.
Selenization Strategy of Phenazine‐based Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Promotes Photon Harvesting and Reduces Voltage Loss in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xiyun , Peng Ruixiang , Qiu Yi , Zhang Yahui , Shi Jingyu , Gao Shuangjiao , Liu Hui , Jin Fei , Ge Ziyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhenazine‐based small molecular acceptors (SMAs), which benefit from the reduced energy loss (Eloss), have emerged as promising candidates for achieving high‐efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, the potential advancements of phenazine‐based photovoltaic devices are hindered by the constrained short‐circuit current (Jsc). Though the incorporation of selenium (Se) atoms has been proven effective in enhancing Jsc, it simultaneously introduces molecular disorder stacking and charge recombination. Based on the desire to harness the full potential of phenazine structure and the benefits of Se substitution, a series of Se‐substituted phenazine‐based SMAs, namely PzIC‐SSe‐4F and PzIC‐SeSe‐4F are meticulously synthesized. Due to the increased photon harvesting capabilities, the photovoltaic device using PzIC‐SeSe‐4F demonstrated a significantly increased Jsc of 27.73 mA cm−2. Remarkably, the PzIC‐SeSe‐4F‐based device displayed an astonishing open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.873 V, representing the highest Voc recorded among all reported symmetric Se‐substituted Y‐series SMAs‐based photovoltaic devices. Thanks to the synergistic effect of phenazine central cores and Se substitution, the PM6:PzIC‐SeSe‐4F‐based device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.69%. The findings serve as a pivotal reference for further development of high‐efficiency Se‐substituted photovoltaic devices.
Hydrogels with Hyperelasticity Engineered via Molecular Engineering of Dissipative Energy
Authors: Xu Chenggong , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNoticeable progress has been made in mechanically strong and tough of polymer gels, whereas this consistency between mechanical robustness and perfect elasticity remains a challenge. Here, a simple method is conducted for fabricating hyperelastic hydrogels based on the proposed molecular engineering of dissipative energy taking advantage of two distinct interactions with great difference of binding energy. This molecular engineering of dissipative energy refers to the complementarity at the molecular level between strong and weak interactions: the strong interaction provides the mechanical strength, the weak interaction eliminates the yielding and dense chain entanglements are further implanted, resulting in the perfect hyperelasticity. Such a complementarity in reformation time and binding energy of two interactions triggers a wide range of controllable window for regulating mechanical performances, filling the current gap in the design of hyperelasticity using only high‐order structures. The resultant hyperelastic hydrogels exhibit remarkable tensile strength and linear elastic deformation, but also outstanding swelling resistance, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and skin‐like elastic moduli. The work thus provides a promising concept for designing elastic and robust polymer gels and brings a new perspective in the combination of mutually incompatible mechanical properties, which will likely promote innovative applications in bioengineering and bioelectronics.
Effects of polyester microplastics and naproxen on lettuce growth and development and soil abiotic factors
Authors: Chen Andy , Barroso Pamela Jane Victoria A. , Tran Jennifer , Gance Ashley K. , Kearney Miranda A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs), formed from the physical breakdown of larger plastics, have been found across a variety of ecosystems. Much research has been done on the effects of MPs in aquatic ecosystems, but fewer studies have explored their effects in terrestrial environments, particularly in agroecosystems where modern practices contribute strongly to MP soil pollution (e.g., plasticulture, fertilization with contaminated biosolids, and composts). Aquatic pharmaceutical contamination is also considered an emerging pollutant threat. Naproxen, a commonly used drug, has been found in wastewater and natural freshwater bodies globally. Thus, crops may be exposed to multiple pollutants simultaneously through soil and water inputs. Our research provides insight into the individual and interactive effects of soil MP pollution intensity and exposure to naproxen‐contaminated water on growth and development of Lactuca sativa (lettuce). Soil abiotic factors (pH, electrical conductivity, and rates of soil moisture loss) are also reported. We found that 7% polyester MP‐contaminated soil significantly reduced total aboveground biomass and coarse root biomass, while both 0.03% and 7% polyester MP‐contaminated soil significantly reduced leaf count and average leaf size. However, 1 mg/L naproxen had no effect on plant growth or development, and there were no interactive effects of naproxen with MPs. MPs also significantly increased rates of soil moisture loss, but we found no effects of MPs or naproxen on soil pH or electrical conductivity. Predicted global increases in soil MP contamination levels will potentially have negative consequences for food systems.
Assessing the use of native rhizobia to improve nitrogen fixation under abiotic stress
Authors: Loya Jesus , Subramanian Sen , Kalil Audrey , Keene Clair , Sanyal Debankur , Eberly Jed , Graham Christopher 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia bacteria plays a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture by converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can assimilate, thereby reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. This process can be dramatically reduced by various abiotic stressors. Native rhizobia strains, which are naturally occurring, may be better adapted to the local soil and climatic conditions, making them more resilient to stress factors such as drought, salinity, temperature extremes, and pH variations compared to commercial strains that may have been developed in and for different environments. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of native rhizobia species with a commercial inoculant and uninoculated controls in maintaining nitrogen fixation under induced stress by delayed planting in field peas over two growing seasons (2021 and 2022) in central South Dakota. Our findings indicate that native rhizobia, while not outperforming the commercial inoculant, demonstrated competitive nitrogen fixation capacities. Overall, total nitrogen fixation was not statistically different between a commercial inoculant and native rhizobia formulations. Planting date emerged as a significant factor influencing nitrogen fixation, with later planting substantially reducing overall effectiveness. These results highlight the potential of native rhizobia as an alternative to commercial inoculants and underscore the need for increased screening throughput and improved methods to assess rhizobia efficacy and nodule competition in field settings.
An elevational cline in leaf variegation: Testing anti‐herbivory and abiotic heterogeneity hypotheses in maintaining a polymorphism
Authors: Sullivan Cierra N. , Koski Matthew H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPremiseWhile some studies have found leaf variegation to reduce photosynthetic capacity, others showed that it can increase photosynthesis. Thus, what maintains variegation remains an open question. Two primary hypotheses—the anti‐herbivory and abiotic heterogeneity hypotheses—have been posited, yet little empirical research explicitly investigates the maintenance of naturally occurring variegation.MethodsWe used field surveys, image analysis, and climatic associations to explore the anti‐herbivory and abiotic heterogeneity hypotheses in 21 populations of Hexastylis heterophylla and H. shuttleworthii, both polymorphic for leaf variegation. We measured the frequency of variegated individuals, variegation intensity, and herbivory for each morph, assessed abiotic correlates with variegation, and measured photosynthetic efficiency.ResultsWe found a strong elevational cline in leaf variegation strongly linked with abiotic heterogeneity; variegation was more common in lower‐elevation populations characterized by higher temperatures, UV‐B exposure, seasonal light change, and drier, more basic soils. Variegated and nonvariegated individuals experienced similar levels of herbivory. Morphs had similar photosynthetic quantum yields. However, nonvariegated leaves experienced more nonphotochemical quenching, an indication of photoinhibition, and had higher surface temperatures under high light.ConclusionsOur results suggest that variegation may serve as an adaptation to high temperatures and light conditions and can reduce photoinhibition in certain environmental contexts. Thus, abiotic factors can maintain variegation in wild populations and shape geographic clines in variegation.
Social ecological predictors and correlates of Latinos' IPV behaviors: A systematic review and critique of the research literature
Authors: Manriquez Adrian Luis , Mankowski Eric S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current paper utilizes an ecological level of analysis framework to review and critique the literature surrounding predictors, correlates, and antecedents of Latinos' intimate partner violence (IPV) behaviors. More specifically, the ecological levels of analysis framework was employed to demonstrate how Latino males' IPV perpetration is being understood and studied. A total of n = 34 peer‐reviewed articles were reviewed and critiqued. Findings indicated that most IPV research is being conducted at and comprehended from the individual (n = 33; 97%) and microsystem/small group (n = 24; 71%) levels of analysis, while linkages to organizational, locality, and institutional levels of analysis are largely neglected. Researchers and interventionists appear to view Latinos' IPV behaviors through deficit models, employ decontextualized and homogenized representations of the population, and neglect higher ecological levels of analysis. These three shortcomings in IPV research as it pertains to Latino populations must be addressed in future research studies if investigators desire to end the stigmatization and demonization of Latinos as a cultural and people group, and to maximize battering intervention effectiveness and efficiency for men of Latino origin.
O‐Phthalaldehyde: A Versatile Chemical with its Roles and Future Perspectives
Authors: Misra Arunava , Mondal Sudipta , Alam Mondal Mohabul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrtho‐Phthaldehyde (OPA) is one of the isomers of benzenedicarbaldehydes. It exhibits distinctive chemical properties stemming from the closely attached dicarbaldehyde groups. Since its development, it has been widely employed as a potent disinfectant, owing to its inherent antimicrobial properties. OPA has the ability to form a fluorescent product with primary amines, making it useful for detecting and estimating various biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in bodily fluids. Moreover, the combination of thiol and amine with OPA produces a more sensitive fluorogenic compound, significantly enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of OPA‐based analytical techniques. This review summarizes recent developments in biochemical analysis using OPA. It also discusses key achievements in the development of photoactive polymers. Additionally, it covers the use of OPA as a synthetic precursor to achieve small molecules with unique structures that have become increasingly important in various fields of scientific research from 2004.
Self‐reported hearing loss is associated with faster cognitive and functional decline but not diagnostic conversion in the ADNI cohort
Authors: Miller Alyssa A. , Sharp Emily S. , Wang Selena , Zhao Yize , Mecca Adam P. , van Dyck Christopher H. , O'Dell Ryan S. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONHearing loss is identified as one of the largest modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia. Studies evaluating this relationship have yielded mixed results.METHODSWe investigated the longitudinal relationship between self‐reported hearing loss and cognitive/functional performance in 695 cognitively normal (CN) and 941 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.RESULTSWithin CN participants with hearing loss, there was a significantly greater rate of cognitive decline per modified preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite. Within both CN and MCI participants with hearing loss, there was a significantly greater rate of functional decline per the functional activities questionnaire (FAQ). In CN and MCI participants, hearing loss did not significantly contribute to the risk of progression to a more impaired diagnosis.DISCUSSIONThese results confirm previous studies demonstrating a significant longitudinal association between self‐reported hearing loss and cognition/function but do not demonstrate an increased risk of conversion to a more impaired diagnosis.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATIONNCT00106899 (ADNI: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, clinicaltrials.gov), NCT01078636 (ADNI‐GO: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Grand Opportunity, clinicaltrials.gov), NCT01231971 (ADNI2: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2, clinicaltrials.gov), NCT02854033 (ADNI3: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3, clinicaltrials.gov).Highlights
Hearing loss is a potential modifiable risk factor for dementia.
We assessed the effect of self‐reported hearing loss on cognition and function in the ADNI cohort.
Hearing loss contributes to significantly faster cognitive and functional decline.
Hearing loss was not associated with conversion to a more impaired diagnosis.