bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking the code: What is the best post‐PCIMI definition?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: April 2017

Key Points

Various definitions of post‐PCI MI have been recommended by different professional societies and studies.
This present study suggests that the troponin‐based 3rd universal definition of post‐PCI MI has prognostic value for recurrent MI but not mortality alone, unlike the CK‐MB based SCAI definition.
Absent a consensus on the best definition, clinical trials should report outcomes based on multiple definitions of post‐PCI MI.
Conglomeration of Trabecular and Psammomatoid variants of juvenile ossifying fibroma – a rare case report
Authors: Bhuyan Lipsa , Panda Abikshyeet , Dash Kailash Chandra , Gouse Mohiddin S. , Misra Kiran 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageJuvenile ossifying fibroma is an uncommon benign fibro‐osseous lesion occurring in the craniofacial skeleton with a high recurrence rate. It has two distinct histopathologic variants: one trabecular and the other which are exclusive to each other. This case reveals a rare and unique combination of both the patterns in the same lesion.
Dual Gold(I)‐catalyzed Cyclization of Dialkynyl Pyridinium Salts
Authors: Tšupova Svetlana , Cadu Alban , Stuck Fabian , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Samec Joseph S. M. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNovel dialkynyl pyridines were synthesized and protected as alkyl salts for dual gold(I)‐catalyzed cycloisomerization. Different alkyl groups and counter ions were screened for the salts, with benzyl and hexafluorophosphate providing the best results. The cyclization led to NMR yields of >95 % being obtained for a number of substrates. Step‐wise hydrogenation of products could be performed in one‐pot by Pd/C, with selective reduction of the double bonds, followed by deprotection of the benzyl group.
Unconventional Pd@Sulfonated Silica Monoliths Catalysts for Selective Partial Hydrogenation Reactions under Continuous Flow
Authors: Liguori Francesca , Barbaro Pierluigi , Said Bilel , Galarneau Anne , Santo Vladimiro Dal , Passaglia Elisa , Feis Alessandro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDoubly functionalized, hierarchical‐porosity silica monoliths were synthesized by postgrafting of sulfonic groups and in situ growth of Pd nanoparticles in that order. PdNP of 3.1 nm size located in the mesopores of the material showed to be evenly distributed within 4.6 % wt Pd monoliths. The system was explored in the continuous‐flow, catalytic partial hydrogenation reaction of 3‐halogeno‐nitrobenzenes and 3‐hexyn‐1‐ol in the liquid phase, showing remarkable conversion, selectivity, and resistance under very mild conditions.
Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
Authors: Terbot John W. , Gaynor Ryan L. , Linnen Catherine R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAggregations are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet the underlying proximate and ultimate causes are still largely unknown. An ideal system to investigate this simple, social behavior is the pine sawfly genusNeodiprion, which is experimentally tractable and exhibits interspecific variation in larval gregariousness. To assess intraspecific variation in this trait, we characterized aggregative tendency within a single widespread species, the redheaded pine sawfly (N. lecontei). To do so, we developed a quantitative assay in which we measured interindividual distances over a 90‐min video. This assay revealed minimal behavioral differences: (1) between early‐feeding and late‐feeding larval instars, (2) among larvae derived from different latitudes, and (3) between groups composed of kin and those composed of nonkin. Together, these results suggest that, during the larval feeding period, the benefits individuals derive from aggregating outweigh the costs and that this cost‐to‐benefit ratio does not vary dramatically across space (geography) or ontogeny (developmental stage). In contrast to the feeding larvae, our assay revealed a striking reduction in gregariousness following the final larval molt inN. lecontei. We also found some intriguing interspecific variation: WhileN. leconteiandN. maurusfeeding larvae exhibit significant aggregative tendencies, feedingN. comparlarvae do not aggregate at all. These results set the stage for future work investigating the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying developmental and interspecific variation in larval gregariousness acrossNeodiprion.
Species‐specific regulation of herbivory‐induced defoliation tolerance is associated with jasmonate inducibility
Authors: Machado Ricardo A. R. , Zhou Wenwu , Ferrieri Abigail P. , Arce Carla C.M. , Baldwin Ian T. , Xu Shuqing , Erb Matthias 
Published: April 2017

SummaryInduced changes in root carbohydrate pools are commonly assumed to determine plant defoliation tolerance to herbivores. However, the regulation and species specificity of these two traits are not well understood. We determined herbivory‐induced changes in root carbohydrates and defoliation tolerance in seven different solanaceous plant species and correlated the induced changes in root carbohydrates and defoliation tolerance with jasmonate inducibility. Across species, we observed strong species‐specific variation for all measured traits. Closer inspection revealed that the different species fell into two distinct groups: Species with a strong induced jasmonic acid (JA) burst suffered from a reduction in root carbohydrate pools and reduced defoliation tolerance, while species with a weak inducedJAburst maintained root carbohydrate pools and tolerated defoliation. InducedJAlevels predicted carbohydrate and regrowth responses better than jasmonoyl‐L‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) levels. Our study shows that inducedJAsignaling, root carbohydrate responses, and defoliation tolerance are closely linked, but highly species specific, even among closely related species. We propose that defoliation tolerance may evolve rapidly via changes in the plant's defense signaling network.
Predicting the population‐level impact of mitigating harbor porpoise bycatch with pingers and time‐area fishing closures
Authors: van Beest Floris M. , Kindt‐Larsen Lotte , Bastardie Francois , Bartolino Valerio , Nabe‐Nielsen Jacob 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnintentional mortality of higher trophic‐level species in commercial fisheries (bycatch) represents a major conservation concern as it may influence the long‐term persistence of populations. An increasingly common strategy to mitigate bycatch of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), a small and protected marine top predator, involves the use of pingers (acoustic alarms that emit underwater noise) and time‐area fishing closures. Although these mitigation measures can reduce harbor porpoise bycatch in gillnet fisheries considerably, inference about the long‐term population‐level consequences is currently lacking. We developed a spatially explicit individual‐based simulation model (IBM) with the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of these two bycatch mitigation measures. We quantified both the direct positive effects (i.e., reduced bycatch) and any indirect negative effects (i.e., reduced foraging efficiency) on the population size using the inner Danish waters as a biological system. The model incorporated empirical data on gillnet fishing effort and noise avoidance behavior by free‐ranging harbor porpoises exposed to randomized high‐frequency (20‐ to 160‐kHz) pinger signals. The IBM simulations revealed a synergistic relationship between the implementation of time‐area fishing closures and pinger deployment. Time‐area fishing closures reduced bycatch rates substantially but not completely. In contrast, widespread pinger deployment resulted in total mitigation of bycatch but frequent and recurrent noise avoidance behavior in high‐quality foraging habitat negatively affected individual survival and the total population size. When both bycatch mitigation measures were implemented simultaneously, the negative impact of pinger noise‐induced sub‐lethal behavioral effects on the population was largely eliminated with a positive effect on the population size that was larger than when the mitigation measures were used independently. Our study highlights that conservationists and policy makers need to consider and balance both the direct and indirect effects of harbor porpoise bycatch mitigation measures before enforcing their widespread implementation. Individual‐based simulation models, such as the one presented here, offer an efficient and dynamic framework to evaluate the impact of human activities on the long‐term survival of marine populations and can serve as a basis to design adaptive management strategies that satisfy both ecological and socioeconomic demands on marine ecosystems.
Loneliness and cardiovascular disease and the role of late‐life depression
Authors: Hegeman Annette , Schutter Natasja , Comijs Hannie , Holwerda Tjalling , Dekker Jack , Stek Max , van der Mast Roos 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveLoneliness and depression have a strong reciprocal influence, and both predict adverse health outcomes at old age. Therefore, this study examines whether loneliness is associated with the presence of cardiovascular diseases taking into account the role of late‐life depression.MethodsCross‐sectional data of 477 older adults in the Netherlands Study of Depressed Older Persons were used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relation between loneliness and cardiovascular disease. Depression was added to the regression model to examine whether depression is an explanatory factor in the association between loneliness and cardiovascular disease. Interaction terms between loneliness and depression and between loneliness and sex were introduced in the regression model to investigate whether depressed and non‐depressed participants, and men and women differed in their association between loneliness and cardiovascular disease.ResultsOf the overall group, 61% were lonely, 28% had a history of cardiovascular disease and 74% were depressed. Loneliness and cardiovascular disease were not associated in the overall group after adjustment for confounders (continuous: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–1.10), p = 0.25; dichotomous: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.80–2.03, p = 0.32). For women, there was an association between loneliness and cardiovascular diseases (continuous: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.06–1.21, p < 0.001; dichotomous: OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.50–4.65, p = 0.001), but this association was not present in men (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.88–1.05, p = 0.38). This association remained significant after adjustment for confounders, but it lost significance after adding depression to the model.ConclusionFor women only, there was an association between loneliness and cardiovascular disease. However, this association was explained by depression, indicating that loneliness in its own right seems not related with cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of advanced melanoma with laser immunotherapy and ipilimumab
Authors: Naylor Mark F. , Zhou Feifan , Geister Brian V. , Nordquist Robert E. , Li Xiaosong , Chen Wei R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImmunotherapy has become a promising modality for melanoma, especially using checkpoint inhibitors, which revive suppressed T cells against the cancer. Such inhibitors should work better when combined with other treatments which could increase the number and quality of anti‐tumor T cells. We treated one patient with advanced (stage IV) melanoma, using the combination of laser immunotherapy (LIT), a novel immunological approach for metastatic cancers that has been shown to stimulate adaptive immunity, and ipilimumab. The patient was treated with LIT, followed with one course of ipilimumab 3 months after the beginning of LIT. After LIT treatment, all treated cutaneous melanoma in head and neck cleared completely. After the application of ipilimumab, all the tumor nodules in the lungs decreased. The patient had remained tumor free for one year. While anecdotal, the responses seen in this patient support the hypothesis that laser immunotherapy increases the number and quality of anti‐tumor T cells so that ipilimumab and other checkpoint inhibitors are more effective in enhancing the therapeutic effects. Picture: Schematic of treatment using laser immunotherapy and ipilimumab on a stage IV melanoma patient.
Scaffolds for epithelial tissue engineering customized in elastomeric molds
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed‐Nur , Abdollahi Sara , Laurenti Marco , Fang Dongdong , Tran Simon D , Cerruti Marta , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRestoration of soft tissue defects remains a challenge for surgical reconstruction. In this study, we introduce a new approach to fabricate poly(d,l‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) scaffolds with anatomical shapes customized to regenerate three‐dimensional soft tissue defects. Highly concentrated polymer/salt mixtures were molded in flexible polyether molds. Microcomputed tomography showed that with this approach it was possible to produce scaffolds with clinically acceptable volume ratio maintenance (>90%). Moreover, this technique allowed us to customize the average pore size and pore interconnectivity of the scaffolds by using variations of salt particle size. In addition, this study demonstrated that with the increasing porosity and/or the decreasing of the average pore size of the PDLLA scaffolds, their mechanical properties decrease and they degrade more slowly. Cell culture results showed that PDLLA scaffolds with an average pore size of 100 µm enhance the viability and proliferation rates of human gingival epithelial cells up to 21 days. The simple method proposed in this article can be extended to fabricate porous scaffolds with customizable anatomical shapes and optimal pore structure for epithelial tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 880–890, 2018.
Non‐stationary modelling framework for rainfall interpolation in complex terrain
Authors: Kumari Madhuri , Singh Chander Kumar , Basistha Ashoke , Dorji Singay , Tamang Tayba Buddha 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe knowledge of rainfall‐elevation relationship forms an important input for modelling the orographic rainfall in mountainous areas. The conventional regression and geostatistical techniques assume the rainfall and elevation relationship to be constant; however, in complex terrain these exhibit non‐stationarity in their relationship. This study proposes a novel spatial rainfall modelling framework, stratified geographically weighted regression‐residual kriging (s‐GWRK) that integrates the benefit of spatially clustered data as an input, local‐scale model and incorporation of spatial correlation structure of residuals. The application of the framework is demonstrated in Indian Himalayas of Uttarakhand region with two spatial clusters of normal annual rainfall data, lowland and upland, based on natural clustering technique. The performance of the proposed model is compared with ordinary co‐kriging (OCK), ordinary least square regression (OLS), geographically weighted regression (GWR) and geographically weighted regression kriging (GWRK) that incorporates elevation as predictor variable. Model evaluation shows that s‐GWRK performed best with root mean square error (RMSE) of 153.98 and index of agreement (d) of 0.92. OLS performed least with RMSE of 461.2 and d value of 0.32. OCK using elevation as auxiliary variable performed better than OLS with RMSE of 454.7 and d value of 0.53. The predictive capability of s‐GWRK was validated using the data collected from rain gauge network in the mountainous terrain of Ashburton in New Zealand and Bhutan. An improvement of 30% and 55% in RMSE was observed compared to OCK for Ashburton and Bhutan respectively. For Uttarakhand, Ashburton and Bhutan, the positive rainfall lapse rate derived from GWR model of rainfall‐elevation relation, ranged from 0.01–1.3, 0.2–1.43 and 0.09–0.4 mm m−1.
Effects of rare sugar d‐allulose on heat‐induced gelation of surimi prepared from marine fish
Authors: Ogawa Masahiro , Inoue Masaki , Hayakawa Shigeru , O'Charoen Siwaporn , Ogawa Makiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDd‐Allulose (Alu), the C3‐epimer of d‐fructose, is a non‐caloric sweetener (0.39 kcal g−1) with a suppressive effect on postprandial blood glucose elevation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Alu used as a sweetener and gel improver instead of sucrose on heat‐induced gelation of surimi.RESULTSThe puncture test of a heat‐induced surimi gel showed that with 50 g kg−1 Alu the gel had 15% and 6% higher gel strength than the corresponding gel with sucrose (Suc) and with sorbitol (Sor), respectively. In addition, Alu‐gel had 26% and 25% higher water‐holding capacity (WHC) than Suc‐ and Sor‐gel. Heating of myofibrillar protein with Alu, unlike Suc and Sor, facilitated the formation of both disulfide and non‐disulfide crosslinks that might be associated with the mechanical properties and WHC of Alu‐gel.CONCLUSIONAlu improves the mechanical properties and WHC of the heat‐induced surimi gel. Furthermore, Alu is low in calories compared with Suc (4.0 kcal g−1) and Sor (3.0 kcal g−1). Thus Alu will be an alternative of Suc or Sor for developing surimi‐based products with health benefits. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Anionic Polymerizations of Bis(terphenyl) Substituted Butadienes for Precursors of Head‐to‐Head Substituted Polyacetylenes
Authors: Yu Yunhai , He Junpo 
Published: April 2017

A series of butadiene derivatives with m‐(alkyl)terphenyl substituents at 2,3‐position is synthesized and used for anionic living polymerizations. The controllabilities of the polymerizations of these monomers depend on solvent, temperature, and the alkyl groups on the terphenyl rings. In tetrahydrofuran (THF), the polymerization does not occur or proceeds very slowly at −78 °C. In toluene or cyclohexane, the polymerization proceeds smoothly in the presence of a small amount of THF at 40 °C. Monomer with n‐butyl substituents on the phenyl ring undergoes polymerization in a well‐controlled manner in hydrocarbon solvent with or without THF additive. The resulting narrow disperse polybutadiene derivatives are characterized by using size exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. It is found that the polymer chains are formed almost exclusively by 1,4‐addition. The precursor polymers are converted into polyacetylenes with head‐to‐head regiospecificity by oxidative dehydrogenation using 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone.
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Urinary incontinence and hydration: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Willis‐Gray Marcella , Wu Jennifer M. , Markland Alayne 
Published: April 2017

AimsTo determine if there is an association between urinary incontinence (UI) and an objective measure of hydration status in men and women in a nationwide, population‐based sample.MethodsWe utilized data from the 2009 to 2010 and 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), cross sectional surveys of the US non‐institutionalized population. Our primary outcome was moderate/severe UI measured using a validated scale. Our exposure of interest was hydration status. Urine osmolality ≥ 800 mOsm/kg defined dehydration versus adequate hydration (<800 mOsm/kg). We included men and women ≥ 20 years who had both UI and urine osmolality data. Using multivariable models, we controlled for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, chronic kidney disease, the interaction of age with osmolality, and hysterectomy (women only).ResultsAmong the 11 482 total subjects, 9497 (83%—4882 men and 4615 women) had both UI and urine osmolality data. Compared to women, men were less likely to report UI (5.9% vs 18.9%; P < 0.001) and more likely to be dehydrated (33.4% vs 24.0%; P < 0.001). In bivariate analysis, men and women who were dehydrated had less UI than men with adequate hydration (men: 3.5% vs 7.6%; P < 0.001; women: 16.3% vs 20.0%; P = 0.02); however, dehydration was not associated with UI in men (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.6‐1.0) or in women (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4‐1.5) in multivariable models.ConclusionsHydration status as defined by urine osmolality was not associated with moderate to severe urinary incontinence in men or women.
Clinical efficacy of cabozantinib in two pediatric patients with recurrent renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wedekind Mary Frances , Ranalli Mark , Shah Nilay 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAdvanced‐stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) carries a dismal prognosis for pediatric patients with few studied therapeutic options. Cabozantinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor against the oncoprotein MET. It is currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug administration for second‐line treatment of RCC in adults. There is no published data on its use in children with RCC. We report here two pediatric patients with recurrent metastatic RCC whose tumors expressed MET and were treated with cabozantinib. Both patients had significant disease regression and symptomatic improvement for over 15 months with tolerable adverse effects. Cabozantinib can maintain prolonged disease control in pediatric RCC and warrants further study.
Searching for a job: Cardiac responses to acute stress and the mediating role of threat appraisal in young people
Authors: Zandara M. , Garcia‐Lluch M. , Villada C. , Hidalgo V. , Salvador A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBeing unemployed and looking for a job has become a source of stress for many people in several European countries. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of this stressful situation on the individuals' psychophysiological stress responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of being an unemployed job seeker on cognitive threat appraisal and cardiac responses to a psychosocial stressor. We exposed a group of unemployed job seekers (N = 42) and a matched group of unemployed non‐job seekers (N = 40) to a standardized social stressor in form of job interview, the Trier Social Stress Test. Our results showed that unemployed job seekers manifest lower cardiac responses, along with a lower cognitive threat appraisal, compared to non‐job seekers. Moreover, we observed a full mediating role of cognitive threat appraisal on the relationship between being an unemployed job seeker and cardiac responses to stress. These findings reveal that being unemployed and looking for a job has an effect on physiological responses to acute stress, as well as the importance of psychological process related to the situation. These responses might lead to negative health and motivational consequences. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.