bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wittgenstein’s Remarks Concerning the Accessibility of Foreign Cultures
Authors: Bremer Jozef 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWittgenstein (1889-1951) was highly disapproving of scholars whom he thought unable to properly acknowledge diversity amongst cultures or take due note of the enormous differences separating them from tribes living in radically heterogeneous cultural environments. The best known and paradigmatic example of his attitude to such differences is to be found in his Remarks on Frazer’s ‘Golden Bough’, where he wrote: “[…] how impossible for him [Frazer, J.B.] to understand a different way of life from the English one of his time”. But to cut a long story short, whether Wittgenstein saw this “impossibility” as an intrinsic feature of the task or not is by no means unambiguously clear. To resolve this question, I shall take as my point of departure the socio-anthropological writings of B. Malinowski (1884-1942), who spent several years amongst one of the Pacific island tribes - the Trobriands. In his “field studies”, Malinowski focused on the tribe’s “form of life”: i.e. on their belief in ritual and magic, and on how their customs interlinked with kinship and with their economy. Taking into account Malinowski’s own pragmatic conception of language and his notion of the divergent character of scientific and magical forms of belief, I then outline Wittgenstein’s notions of “language game”, “family resemblance” and “form of life”. The usage of these concepts will show in what sense Wittgenstein would have recognized the similarities within and between different cultures and human societies - but, equally, just how far we can understand a human way of life deeply different from our own.
Analysis of the Effect Size of Overweight in Muscular Strength Tests Among Adolescents: Reference Values According to Sex, Age, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Martínez-López Emilio J. , De La Torre-Cruz Manuel J. , Suárez-Manzano Sara , Ruiz-Ariza Alberto 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Martínez-López, EJ, De La Torre-Cruz, M, Suárez-Manzano, S, and Ruiz-Ariza, A. Analysis of the effect size of overweight in muscular strength tests among adolescents: reference values according to sex, age, and body mass index. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1404–1414, 2018—The aim of this paper is to quantify the effect size of overweight on the results of muscular strength tests in adolescents and to report percentile tables based on sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). The study hypothesized that the effect size obtained from the difference between normal-weight and overweight youth would be greater than the differences between sexes within the same age group. A total of 11,044 Spanish adolescents (48.5% girls) aged 14.39 ± 1.21 years (range: 12–16 years) from 42 secondary schools participated in the research. Muscular strength was evaluated using standing long jump, hand grip strength (manual dynamometer), and sit-ups (30 seconds). The effect size was analyzed using the adjusted Hedges' ğ. The results show that 76.3 and 72.8% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, performed a standing long jump equal to or less than the normal-weight average. The 67.4 and 67.1% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, showed manual dynamometer values equal to or greater than the normal-weight average. Finally, 68.7 and 65.9% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, obtained measures for 30 seconds of sit-ups equal to or lower than the normal-weight average. It can therefore be concluded that the differential effect size between boys and girls is higher than that between normal-weight and overweight adolescents in the 3 strength tests analyzed. Despite the above, these results suggest the value of taking into account the BMI when assessing the muscular strength of young people, in addition to sex and age.
Evaluation of Muscle Mechanical Capacities Through the Two-Load Method: Optimization of the Load Selection
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Jaric Slobodan , Feriche Belén , Padial Paulino , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Pérez-Castilla, A, Jaric, S, Feriche, B, Padial, P, and García-Ramos, A. Evaluation of muscle mechanical capacities through the 2-load method: Optimization of the load selection. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1245–1253, 2018—Recent research has revealed that the force-velocity relationship obtained from the “2-load method” (i.e., functional movements tested against just 2 external loads) could be a feasible method for the selective assessment of muscle force, velocity, and power-producing capacities. The study investigated the reliability and concurrent validity of the outcomes of the 2-load method observed from (a) farther vs. closer data points (20–70% 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 30–60% 1RM, and 40–50% 1RM) and (b) force-biased (50–70% 1RM) vs. velocity-biased (20–40% 1RM) data points. Twenty-two men were tested on a ballistic bench press throw performed against 6 incremental loads ranging from 20 to 70% of the bench press 1RM. The 2-load methods were constructed based on pairs of individually selected external loads and compared with the outcome of the force-velocity regression method applied to all 6 loads. The reliability and validity of the force-velocity relationship parameters decreased with the proximity of the data points (40–50% 1RM < 30–60% 1RM < 20–70% 1RM). The velocity-biased and force-biased loads (i.e., lighter and heavier loads, respectively) revealed a similar but relatively moderate reliability and validity. Overall, the farthest pair of loads (i.e., 20% 1RM and 70% 1RM) revealed the highest reliability (CV = 5.5%, ICC = 0.89) and validity (r = 0.98) among all the 2-load methods evaluated. These results demonstrate that the 20–70% 1RM 2-load method could be a feasible approach for testing individual muscle mechanical capacities, whereas the observed outcomes could be most reliable and valid when obtained from the farthest pairs of applied loads.
Warm-Up Exercises May Not Be So Important for Enhancing Submaximal Running Performance
Authors: Takizawa Kazuki , Yamaguchi Taichi , Shibata Keisuke 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Takizawa, K, Yamaguchi, T, and Shibata, K. Warm-up exercises may not be so important for enhancing submaximal running performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1383–1390, 2018—The purpose of this study was to determine an appropriate warm-up intensity for enhancing performance in submaximal running at 90% vV̇o
2max (it assumes 3,000–5,000 m in track events). Seven trained male university athletes took part in this study (age: 21.3 ± 2.1 years, height: 169.3 ± 4.7 cm, body mass: 58.4 ± 5.6 kg, V̇o
2max: 73.33 ± 5.46 ml·kg−1·min−1). Each subject ran on a treadmill at 90% vV̇o
2max until exhaustion after 1 of 4 warm-up treatments. The 4 warm-up treatments were no warm-up, 15 minutes running at 60% vV̇o
2max, at 70% vV̇o
2max, and at 80% vV̇o
2max. The running performance was evaluated by time to exhaustion (TTE). V̇o
2, and vastus lateralis muscle temperature were also measured. There were no significant differences in TTE among the warm-up exercises (p > 0.05). V̇o
2 in no warm-up showed slower reaction than the other warm-up exercises. Regarding, the vastus lateralis muscle temperature immediately after warm-up, no warm-up was significantly (p < 0.01) lower compared with the other warm-up exercises. Our results suggested that submaximal running performance was not affected by the presence or absence of a warm-up or by warm-up intensity, although physiological changes occurred.
The Natural Biotic Environment ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Schulenburg Hinrich , Félix Marie-Anne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrganisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of natural ecological parameters are thus of key importance for our understanding of an organism’s biology. Curiously, the natural ecology of the model species Caenorhabditis elegans has long been neglected, even though this nematode has become one of the most intensively studied models in biological research. This lack of interest changed ∼10 yr ago. Since then, an increasing number of studies have focused on the nematode’s natural ecology. Yet many unknowns still remain. Here, we provide an overview of the currently available information on the natural environment of C. elegans. We focus on the biotic environment, which is usually less predictable and thus can create high selective constraints that are likely to have had a strong impact on C. elegans evolution. This nematode is particularly abundant in microbe-rich environments, especially rotting plant matter such as decomposing fruits and stems. In this environment, it is part of a complex interaction network, which is particularly shaped by a species-rich microbial community. These microbes can be food, part of a beneficial gut microbiome, parasites and pathogens, and possibly competitors. C. elegans is additionally confronted with predators; it interacts with vector organisms that facilitate dispersal to new habitats, and also with competitors for similar food environments, including competitors from congeneric and also the same species. Full appreciation of this nematode’s biology warrants further exploration of its natural environment and subsequent integration of this information into the well-established laboratory-based research approaches.
An Evolutionary Perspective on Yeast Mating-Type Switching
Authors: Hanson Sara J , Wolfe Kenneth H 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCell differentiation in yeast species is controlled by a reversible, programmed DNA-rearrangement process called mating-type switching. Switching is achieved by two functionally similar but structurally distinct processes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In both species, haploid cells possess one active and two silent copies of the mating-type locus (a three-cassette structure), the active locus is cleaved, and synthesis-dependent strand annealing is used to replace it with a copy of a silent locus encoding the opposite mating-type information. Each species has its own set of components responsible for regulating these processes. In this review, we summarize knowledge about the function and evolution of mating-type switching components in these species, including mechanisms of heterochromatin formation, MAT locus cleavage, donor bias, lineage tracking, and environmental regulation of switching. We compare switching in these well-studied species to others such as Kluyveromyces lactis and the methylotrophic yeasts Ogataea polymorpha and Komagataella phaffii. We focus on some key questions: Which cells switch mating type? What molecular apparatus is required for switching? Where did it come from? And what is the evolutionary purpose of switching?
A case of bicuspid aortic valve with coarctation of aorta
Authors: Bhattacharya Shubhadev , Kumar Sudesh , Jhajhria Narender Singh , Gupta Vijay Kumar 
Published: May 2017

A 28-year-old male patient presented with angina on exertion for 3 years, dyspnea on exertion for 2 years. On examination patient was average built, having slow rising pulse, with ejection systolic murmur over aortic area, radiating to carotids. Blood investigations were normal, ECG was suggestive of LV strain pattern, Chest X ray was suggestive of LV type apex with notching of inferior margins of ribs. 2D Echocardiography was done, and was suggestive of thickened calcified bicuspid aortic valve, aortic annulus 21 mm, ascending aorta 42 mm, Gradient across aortic valve Peak 100 mmHg, Mean 64 mmHg. Patient was referred for Aortic valve replacement. However, in view of borderline dilated ascending aorta, CT aortography was done, and was suggestive of membranous juxtaductal Coarctation of aorta with no antegrade contrast opacification suggesting total aortic occlusion with reformation of aorta through large systemic thoracic wall and mediastinal collaterals.
Evaluation of two diagnostic methods of scrub typhus with Bayes rule
Authors: Kabi Shobhitendu , Das Chandan , Rath Siba N. , Panda Baikuntha N. , Padhy Rabindra N. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Scrub typhus or rickettsia, a zoonotic infection occurs due to the transmission of Gram-negative bacteria, Orientia tsutsugamushi and/or Tsutsugamushi sp. by the larval stage of the trombiculid mite, Leptotrombidium deliense. Infections at endothelial cells and phagocytes manifest clinically as vasculitis with an acute onset of fever, rashes, headache, myalgia, multiple organ dysfunction, eschar, respiratory morbidity, meningioencephalitis and sepsis syndrome on skin, whose severity varying with patients. Herein obtained data is used for evaluating the dependability of two determinative tests.Methods: The prospective survey with 80 rickettsia patients was carried during the last 6 months of 2016. Patients with the occurrence of fever for more than two days and a clinical suspicion of rickettsia infection were promoted for Weil-Felix as well as, ELISA tests.Results: The prevalence of rickettsia in the population of 80 patients was 17.5, and the sensitivity (the portion of the people with the rickettsia infection who will have positive Weil-Felix test results) value was 0.7143 and specificity (the people without the disease who will have negative Weil-Felix test results) value was 0.9697. Probability of Weil Felix test positive was 0.15, and probability of ELISA test positive was 0.175.Conclusions: The dependability of each test independently or a posteriori probability was 0.857. Both tests are dependable for correctness of outcomes being 0.857 or 85.7%, in combination; a high specificity value of Weil Felix test is a valuable test.
Additive Effect of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors With Guided Tissue Regeneration in Treatment of Intrabony Defects in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Split‐Mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ravi Sheethalan , Malaiappan Sankari , Varghese Sheeja , Jayakumar Nadathur D. , Prakasam Gopinath 
Published: May 2017

Background: Periodontal regeneration can be defined as complete restoration of lost periodontal tissues to their original architecture and function. A variety of treatment modalities have been proposed to achieve it. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is a concentrated suspension of growth factors that promotes restoration of lost periodontal tissues. The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of PRGF associated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) versus GTR only in the treatment of intrabony defects (IBDs) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Patients with CP (n = 14) with 42 contralateral 2‐ and 3‐walled defects were randomly assigned to test (PRGF+GTR) and control (GTR alone) treatment groups. Clinical and radiographic assessments performed at baseline and after 6 months were: 1) gingival index (GI), 2) probing depth (PD), 3) clinical attachment level (CAL), 4) radiologic defect depth, and 5) bone fill.Results: Comparison of parameters measured at baseline and after 6 months showed mean PD reduction of 3.37 ± 1.62 mm in the control group (P <0.001) and 4.13 ± 1.59 mm in the test group (P <0.001). There was a significant difference in mean change in CAL (P <0.001) in the control group (5.42 ± 1.99) and the test group (5.99 ± 1.77). Mean change in GI was 1.89 ± 0.32 and 1.68 ± 0.58 in the control group and test group, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). When compared between groups, clinical parameters did not show any statistically significant variations. Mean radiographic bone fill was 1.06 ± 0.81 and 1.0 ± 0.97 in the control group and test group, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: PRGF with GTR, as well as GTR alone, was effective in improving clinical and radiographic parameters of patients with CP at the 6‐month follow‐up. There was no additive effect of PRGF when used along with GTR in the treatment of IBDs in patients with CP in terms of both clinical and radiologic outcomes.
Effect of Heterogeneity on SAGD Start-Up and Optimization of Steam Circulation for a Deep Massive Reservoir: A Case Study
Authors: Wang Ziji , Han Bing , Zou Zhaoyu 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Liaohe field is one of the largest heavy-oil fields in China. Its D-N Block is a deep massive ultra-heavy oil reservoir undertaking SAGD development, which will serve as a case study in this paper. Part of the dual horizontal wells had used cycle steam stimulation to start up the SAGD process but it generated severely uneven distributions of temperature, pressure, and saturation around wells due to the high reservoir heterogeneity. An improved steam circulation start-up methods instead of cycle steam stimulation is needed to overcome the problems.
We developed an optimization method by coupling the wellbore-reservoir simulation for steam circulation using a specialized thermal wellbore simulator and a commercial thermal reservoir simulation, and carefully considering the structure of the wellbore, fluid flow in the wellbore and reservoir characteristics. We found out several dominating factors on the heat loss and efficiency of steam circulation by considering the properties of tubing, annulus, liner, fluid components and formations on a conceptual model. Using an advanced criterion by monitoring the temperature distributions near the wellbore, wellbore operations including the injection rate and circulation period, the tubing strings layouts and other critical operation parameters are designed according to the features of downhole conditions to ensure a more homogeneous development of the steam chamber.
The simulation workflow and optimum circulation start-up stratergy was applied to a pilot dual-horizontal well group in the D-N Block. Steam circulating start-up process both in the wellbore and the reservoir was successfully simulated and compared with the conceptual model case. After optimization, reservoir simulation results showed a much better behavior in the start-up and the subsequent SAGD stage, mitigating the risk of steam fingering, resulting in a steady transition to SAGD stage. Monitoring data from downhole temperature sensors also suggested a favorable process. For example, temperature data in a series of time showed that the temperature between the horizontal wells kept increasing uniformly, which indicated that the steam chamber connects the two wells in a favorable manner. Comparing with the cyclic steam stimulation start-up and the steam circulation without optimization, the optimized steam circulation achieved much better recovery efficiency in SAGD process.
In this paper, a systematic workflow has been described which couples the simulation of the reservoir characteristics and wellbore conditions. Optimized operation guideline was implemented into the SAGD wells and overcame the uneven start-up of dual-horizontal wells. This achievement can be applied to other SAGD wells in Liaohe, and probably extended to other fields.
Full Pore Petrophysical Analysis to Model A Large Multimodal Carbonate Oil Reservoir
Authors: Al-Awdah Mohammed S. , Clerke E. A. , Badawi Ahmed F. , Mubarak Yasir 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
A major reservoir has been analyzed using the now established Saudi Aramco Full Pore System petrophysical modelling workflow. This workflow acquires a complete mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP – analyzed using the Thomeer method) database to cover the universe of petrophysical possibilities. Detailed MICP data gathering processes, sample selection and quality control procedures are deployed by this petrophysical workflow. The Thomeer database created is used by internally designed software, to apply these parameters for the geocellular saturation-height model for the multiltimodal pore systems in this reservoir.
As a part of this process, detailed core to log integration, permeability prediction modelling, and well log quality control steps are utilized. Database retrievals of Thomeer parameters and petrophysical rock types using well log data are compared to those from core data. The reservoir saturation analysis indicates that this reservoir of interest has an anomalous resistivity leg below the Free Water Level, which is indicative of a residual relic oil accumulation. This residual relic oil has been modelled separately using a Drainage – Imbibition – Drainage cycle and is essential to reconcile the well log data and the saturation – height model.
Upscaled Permeability and Rock Types in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Core from the Middle East
Authors: Dernaika Moustafa R. , Mansour Bashar , Gonzalez David , Koronfol Safouh , Mahgoub Faris , Al Jallad Osama , Contreras Mauricio 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Determination of Reservoir Rock Types (RRT) is one of the main parameters in the process of reservoir modelling and simulation. In carbonate reservoirs, the rock typing process is challenging due to multiscale heterogeneity with varying pore types and complex microstructures. The objective in this paper is to select representative samples from a heterogeneous core (350 feet) and establish unique reservoir rock types as well as model permeability along the entire core length based on textural analysis, geological interpretations and petrophysical measurements.
Representative core plugs were selected in a full-diameter heterogeneous core from a carbonate reservoir in the Middle East. The sample selection was based on statistical distribution of porosity and CT-textures in the core. The porosity and textural variations were determined along the core length at 0.5 mm resolution using advanced dual energy X-ray CT imaging. Plug-scale rock types were established based on micro-textures and pore types using thin-section photomicrographs, mercury injection analysis and poroperm measurements. The micro-texture analysis (grainy, muddy, mixed) and pore types were linked to the poroperm data. The micro-texture information was then upscaled to the entire core length using CT-textural analysis.
The porosity and permeability data were fitted into unique trends that were derived from the detailed textural analysis. This process provided the link between the poroperm trends and the different textures in the core enabling permeability and rock types to be upscaled to the entire whole core intervals. Variation of reservoir rock types was studied for each poro-perm trend. The different trends were mainly controlled by the different rock micro-textures whereas the extent of the trend was due to different diagenesis processes (i.e. dissolution, cementation & compaction).
This paper describes a novel approach of combining textures with porosity to model permeability and rock types at the plug scale and core level. A unique dual energy CT technique was used to ensure that all the core property variations were well represented in the plug-scale core analysis measurements.