bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water-use dynamics of an alien-invaded riparian forest within the Mediterranean climate zone of the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Scott-Shaw Bruce C. , Everson Colin S. , Clulow Alistair D. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In South Africa, the invasion of riparian forests by alien trees has the potential to affect the country's limited water resources. Tree water-use measurements have therefore become an important component of recent hydrological studies. It is difficult for South African government initiatives, such as the Working for Water (WfW) alien clearing program, to justify alien tree removal and implement rehabilitation unless hydrological benefits are known. Consequently, water use within a riparian forest along the Buffeljags River in the Western Cape of South Africa was monitored over a 3-year period. The site consisted of an indigenous stand of Western Cape afrotemperate forest adjacent to a large stand of introduced Acacia mearnsii. The heat ratio method of the heat pulse velocity sap flow technique was used to measure the sap flow of a selection of indigenous species in the indigenous stand, a selection of A. mearnsii trees in the alien stand and two clusters of indigenous species within the alien stand. The indigenous trees in the alien stand at Buffeljags River showed significant intraspecific differences in the daily sap flow rates varying from 15 to 32 L day−1 in summer (sap flow being directly proportional to tree size). In winter (June), this was reduced to only 7 L day−1 when limited energy was available to drive the transpiration process. The water use in the A. mearnsii trees showed peaks in transpiration during the months of March 2012, September 2012 and February 2013. These periods had high average temperatures, rainfall and high daily vapor pressure deficits (VPDs – average of 1.26 kPa). The average daily sap flow ranged from 25 to 35 L in summer and approximately 10 L in the winter. The combined accumulated daily sap flow per year for the three Vepris lanceolata and three A. mearnsii trees was 5700 and 9200 L, respectively, clearly demonstrating the higher water use of the introduced Acacia trees during the winter months. After spatially upscaling the findings, it was concluded that, annually, the alien stand used nearly 6 times more water per unit area than the indigenous stand (585 mm a−1 compared to 101 mm a−1). This finding indicates that there would be a gain in groundwater recharge and/or streamflow if the alien species are removed from riparian forests and rehabilitated back to their natural state.
The paradoxical evolution of runoff in the pastoral Sahel: analysis of the hydrological changes over the Agoufou watershed (Mali) using the KINEROS-2 model
Authors: Gal Laetitia , Grippa Manuela , Hiernaux Pierre , Pons Léa , Kergoat Laurent 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In recent decades, the Sahel has witnessed a paradoxical increase in surface water despite a general precipitation decline. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as the Sahelian paradox, is not completely understood yet. The role of cropland expansion due to the increasing food demand by a growing population has been often put forward to explain this situation for the cultivated Sahel. However, this hypothesis does not hold in pastoral areas where the same phenomenon is observed. Several other processes, such as the degradation of natural vegetation following the major droughts of the 1970s and the 1980s, the development of crusted topsoils, the intensification of the rainfall regime and the development of the drainage network, have been suggested to account for this situation. In this paper, a modeling approach is proposed to explore, quantify and rank different processes that could be at play in pastoral Sahel. The kinematic runoff and erosion model (KINEROS-2) is applied to the Agoufou watershed (245 km2), in the Gourma region in Mali, which underwent a significant increase of surface runoff during the last 60 years. Two periods are simulated, the past case (1960–1975) preceding the Sahelian drought and the present case (2000–2015). Surface hydrology and land cover characteristics for these two periods are derived by the analysis of aerial photographs, available in 1956, and high-resolution remote sensing images in 2011. The major changes identified are (1) a partial crusting of isolated dunes, (2) an increase of drainage network density, (3) a marked decrease in vegetation with the nonrecovery of tiger bush and vegetation growing on shallow sandy soils, and (4) important changes in soil properties with the apparition of impervious soils instead of shallow sandy soil. The KINEROS-2 model was parameterized to simulate these changes in combination or independently. The results obtained by this model display a significant increase in annual discharge between the past and the present case (p value < 0.001), which is consistent with observations, despite a slight overestimation of the past discharge. Mean annual discharges are estimated at 0.51  ×  106 m3 (2.1 mm yr−1) and 3.29  ×  106 m3 (13.4 mm yr−1) for past and present, respectively. Changes in soil properties and vegetation cover (tiger bush thickets and grassland on shallow sandy soil) are found to be the main factors causing this increase of simulated runoff, with the drainage network development contributing to a lesser extent but with a positive feedback. These results shed a new light on the Sahelian paradox phenomenon in the absence of land use change and call for further tests in other areas and/or with other models. The synergetic processes highlighted here could play a role in other Sahelian watersheds where runoff increase has been also observed.
Globalization in the margins: toward elements for a sociolin¬guistics of mobility from Indigenous experiences
Authors: Nascimento André Marques 
Published: September 2017

Este artigo analisa, desde abordagens da sociolinguística contemporânea e de estudos decoloniais, como a apropriação de infraestruturas de lobalização por povos indígenas tem gerado novos meios de interação através dos quais podem tornar visíveis suas demandas atuais, assim como tem criado novos ambientes de interações transidiomáticas. A análise enfoca elementos discursivos do rap e de postagens e comentários em redes sociais nas quais são produtivamente usados recursos das línguas indígenas. O principal argumento é que saltos escalares translocais são possibilitados por esta apropriação de infraestruturas de globalização que pode ter efeitos potenciais positivos na vitalidade linguística dos povos indígenas.
Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis through the Lens of Persian Historiography
Authors: Simidchieva Marta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCould a French-language “graphic novel” serve as a case study of sabk in Persianate literatures?1 Much depends on how broadly “sabk” and “Persianate literatures” are defined, but one could argue that these categories are capacious enough not to bar a work from being considered on the grounds of the language or genre alone.
Metaphorical Language as a Battleground for Tradition and Newness in Late Mughal Persian
Authors: Dudney Arthur 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSirāj al-Dīn ʿAlī Khān, known as Ārzū (d. 1756), made a number of sweeping pronouncements during his impressive career as a poet and philologist in Delhi. He claimed to be the first person in the Persian philological tradition to have noticed the historical ties between Persian and Indian languages. That claim is well known to scholars, but a more obscure but arguably even more important statement appears in the preface of his ʿAṭiyya-i Kubrā (The great gift). He writes that it is the first work to explain “the science of clear statement” (ʿilm-i bayān) in Persian. This article situates this facet of rhetoric in its historical context. By considering several exemplars of contemporary critical discourse, we can reevaluate a dominant paradigm in Persianate literary history, namely, decadence. Modern critics have typically indexed the degree of the apparent degradation in sixteenth- to eighteenth-century Persian literature to its metaphorical complexity. In fact, far from fretting over a decadent and degraded literature, critics like Ārzū were grappling with the possibility of theorizing the integration of new ideas and new metaphors into the rhetorical tradition. Furthermore, the consolidation of rhetorical scholarship in Persian in this period coincided with the expansion of literary production in the north Indian Islamicate context in other languages. Many of the people responsible for translating and reformulating Arabic philological texts in Persian had a stake in both Persian and what would later be called Urdu literature. The implications of this trilingual consciousness have not been satisfactorily explained.
Using a “Messy” Problem as a Departmental Assessment of Undergraduates' Ability to Think Like Psychologists
Authors: Dibartolo Patricia Marten , Duncan Lauren E. , Ly Minh , Rudnitsky Alan N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article presents a case study of faculty members in a psychology department whose shared questions about pedagogy and learning informed a data-driven curricular review and revision using an open-ended assessment that privileged deep learning. The authors describe the development of this assessment and how its results across the arc of the major led to a revision of the department's curriculum, including the creation of new courses that focused on developing students' abilities to “think like psychologists.” The study indicates that faculty intuitions of potential problems in student learning can be successfully assessed and then addressed through curricular changes.
Impact of Horizontal Curves and Percentage of Heavy Vehicles on Right Lane Capacity at Multi-lane Highways
Authors: Semeida Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: September 2017

In the present research, the influence of road geometric properties and traffic characteristics on the right lane capacity value is explored for horizontal curves. The non-traditional procedure (artificial neural networks - ANNs), is adopted for modelling. The research utilizes 78 horizontal curves that provide the traffic and road geometry data, of which55 curves are classified as four-lane and the rest as six-lane ones. Two types of models are introduced to explore the right lane capacity as capacity at curves, and the capacity loss between curves and tangents. The results show that, for horizontal curves, the most effective variables affecting both road types are the percentage of heavy vehicles in traffic composition (HV) followed by radius of curve (R), and the lane width (LW). Furthermore, the capacity loss is also highly affected by R followed by HV. The derived outcomes present a remarkable move towards the beginning of an Egyptian highway design guide.
Multiple Conceptual Modelling of Perceived Quality of In-flight Airline Services
Authors: Šebjan Urban , Tominc Polona , Širec Karin 
Published: September 2017

Despite growing literature on the different aspects of airline service quality in relation to behavioural intentions, less attention has been paid to some specific aspects of in-flight services. The focus of the present research is, therefore, on a multiple conceptual model of the quality of in-flight services in relation to passengers’ perception of value, followed by recommendations (word of mouth - WOM) of airlines, as well as the quality and comfort of airline seats. The study is performed using two databases of reviewers’/passengers’ opinions regarding the quality of in-flight airline services and airline seat comfort. Our research results reveal that the perceived comfort of the airplane seat is the most important factor of passengers’ perceived quality of in-flight airline services, which also considerably affects the passengers’ perception of value, and consequently moderates behavioural intentions (in our research, expressed through positive WOM). The analysis of the relative importance of the components of perceived airline seats’ comfort shows that seat width is the most significant factor that contributes to the overall perceived comfort of the airline seat.
Calcitonin receptor expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Cappagli Virginia , Potes Catarina Soares , Ferreira Luciana Bueno , Tavares Catarina , Eloy Catarina , Elisei Rossella , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel , Wookey Peter J. , Soares Paula 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCalcitonin expression is a well-established marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); yet the role of calcitonin receptor (CTR), its seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor, remains to be established in C-cells derived thyroid tumors. The aim of this work was to investigate CTR expression in MTC and to correlate such expression with clinicopathological features in order to evaluate its possible role as a prognostic indicator of disease aggressiveness and outcome.MethodsCalcitonin receptor expression was analyzed in a series of 75 MTCs by immunohistochemistry, and by qPCR mRNA quantification in specimens from four patients. Statistical tests were used to evaluate the correlation between CTR expression and the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of patients and tumors.ResultsCalcitonin receptor expression was detected in 62 out of 75 samples (82.7%), whereas 13 of the 75 samples (17.3%) were completely negative. CTR expression was significantly associated with expression of cytoplasmatic phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 and osteopontin, as well as with wild typeRET/RASgenes and absence of tumor stroma, suggesting that CTR expression do not associate with clinicopathological signs of worse prognosis.DiscussionCalcitonin receptor expression appears to be associated in MTC with more differentiated status of the neoplastic cells.
Chile: Neoliberalismo y subdesarrollo económico
Authors: Concha Monardes Raúl 
Published: September 2017

Se expone que el Régimen Militar que gobernó a Chile entre 1973 y 1990 ejecutó reformas económicas y sociales con el objetivo declarado de crear una nueva economía. Presentado como el modelo que terminaría con los atrasos del país hasta convertirlo en uno plenamente desarrollado, los gobiernos democráticos que le sucedieron, han mantenido vigente la fórmula hasta el día de hoy. Este artículo esboza algunas de las causas que podrían explicar el bloqueo chileno hacia el desarrollo económico.
Antropología y campesinado: la pertinencia de lo persistente. Reflexiones antropológicas en torno al internacionalismo campesino
Authors: Contreras Román Raúl Hernán 
Published: September 2017

En el presente artículo se elabora una discusión inicial respecto de la persistencia del campesinado en la antropología como objeto incómodo, que desde su irrupción en la disciplina ha obligado a ésta a rediscutir su identidad disciplinaria y a repensar su cuerpo teórico. Se parte de la idea que tanto la emergencia como el ocaso de los estudios campesinos en la disciplina se corresponden con contextos sociales, intelectuales y políticos localizables. Por ello se presenta la actual lucha del internacionalismo campesino, representado por el movimiento transnacional Vía Campesina, en torno a la soberanía alimentaria y el reconocimiento internacional de los derechos de los campesinos y campesinas. Se considera que estas luchas constituyen un espacio políticamente novedoso y potencialmente generador de oportunidades políticas para las reivindicaciones campesinas frente al despojo neoliberal. Finalmente, se reflexiona en torno a cómo estas luchas vuelven a presentar al campesinado como un objeto incómodo para la a reclamar la discusión disciplinaria sobre este sector.antropología y
Using Paired In Situ High Frequency Nitrate Measurements to Better Understand Controls on Nitrate Concentrations and Estimate Nitrification Rates in a Wastewater‐Impacted River
Authors: Kraus T. E. C. , O'Donnell K. , Downing B. D. , Burau J. R. , Bergamaschi B. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe used paired continuous nitrate (
) measurements along a tidally affected river receiving wastewater discharge rich in ammonium (
) to quantify rates of change in
concentration (
) and estimate nitrification rates.
sensors were deployed 30 km apart in the Sacramento River, California (USA), with the upstream station located immediately above the regional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). We used a travel time model to track water transit between the stations and estimated
every 15 min (October 2013 to September 2014). Changes in
concentration were strongly related to water temperature. In the presence of wastewater,
was generally positive, ranging from about 7 µM d−1 in the summer to near zero in the winter. Numerous periods when the WWTP halted discharge allowed the
to be estimated under no‐effluent conditions and revealed that in the absence of effluent, net gains in
were substantially lower but still positive in the summer and negative (net sink) in the winter. Nitrification rates of effluent‐derived NH4 (
) were estimated from the difference between
measured in the presence versus absence of effluent and ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 µM d−1, which is within literature values but tenfold greater than recently reported for this region.
was generally lower in winter (∼2 µM d−1) than summer (∼3 µM d−1). This in situ, high frequency approach provides advantages over traditional discrete sampling, incubation, and tracer methods and allows measurements to be made over broad areas for extended periods of time. Incorporating this approach into environmental monitoring programs can facilitate our ability to protect and manage aquatic systems.
An O2 Self‐Supplementing and Reactive‐Oxygen‐Species‐Circulating Amplified Nanoplatform via H2O/H2O2 Splitting for Tumor Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Chi , Chen Wei‐Hai , Liu Li‐Han , Qiu Wen‐Xiu , Yu Wu‐Yang , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) has limited applications in clinical cancer therapy due to the insufficient O2 supply, inefficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and low penetration depth of light. In this work, a multifunctional nanoplatform, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)@TiO2@MnO2 core/shell/sheet nanocomposites (UTMs), is designed and constructed to overcome these drawbacks by generating O2 in situ, amplifying the content of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) via water‐splitting, and utilizing 980 nm near‐infrared (NIR) light to increase penetration depth. Once UTMs are accumulated at tumor site, intracellular H2O2 is catalyzed by MnO2 nanosheets to generate O2 for improving oxygen‐dependent PDT. Simultaneously, with the decomposition of MnO2 nanosheets and 980 nm NIR irradiation, UCNPs can efficiently convert NIR to ultraviolet light to activate TiO2 and generate toxic ROS for deep tumor therapy. In addition, UCNPs and decomposed Mn2+ can be used for further upconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging in tumor site. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that this nanoplatform can significantly improve PDT efficiency with tumor imaging capability, which will find great potential in the fight against tumor.
Graphene in the Design and Engineering of Next‐Generation Neural Interfaces
Authors: Kostarelos Kostas , Vincent Melissa , Hebert Clement , Garrido Jose A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNeural interfaces are becoming a powerful toolkit for clinical interventions requiring stimulation and/or recording of the electrical activity of the nervous system. Active implantable devices offer a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases affecting the central or peripheral nervous systems by electrically stimulating different neuronal structures. All currently used neural interface devices are designed to perform a single function: either record activity or electrically stimulate tissue. Because of their electrical and electrochemical performance and their suitability for integration into flexible devices, graphene‐based materials constitute a versatile platform that could help address many of the current challenges in neural interface design. Here, how graphene and other 2D materials possess an array of properties that can enable enhanced functional capabilities for neural interfaces is illustrated. It is emphasized that the technological challenges are similar for all alternative types of materials used in the engineering of neural interface devices, each offering a unique set of advantages and limitations. Graphene and 2D materials can indeed play a commanding role in the efforts toward wider clinical adoption of bioelectronics and electroceuticals.
Solvent‐Templated Block Ionomers for Base‐ and Acid‐Gas Separations: Effect of Humidity on Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Permeation
Authors: Ansaloni Luca , Dai Zhongde , Ryan Justin J. , Mineart Kenneth P. , Yu Qiang , Saud Keara T. , Hägg May‐Britt , Spontak Richard J. , Deng Liyuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs energy needs continue to drive the development of biogas and fossil‐fuel technologies, methods by which to selectively remove basic (NH3) and acidic (CO2) gases are becoming increasingly important, especially in light of global climate change. Block copolymers are considered as suitable membrane candidates in gas separations due to the ability of such copolymers to microphase‐separate and spontaneously form nanoscale morphologies that exhibit spatially modulated chemical specificity. Incorporation of charged moieties along the midblock of a thermoplastic elastomeric multiblock copolymer yields an amphiphilic block ionomer possessing a flexible molecular network stabilized by rigid endblocks. The presence of hydrophilic microdomains introduces an important consideration regulating molecular transport: humidity. In this study, solvent‐templating paradigms are employed to control the morphologies of midblock‐sulfonated pentablock ionomers, as discerned by electron microscopy and X‐ray scattering. The effect of humidity on the permeation of NH3, CO2, and N2is then investigated through the resulting membranes. As expected, NH3permeates significantly faster than N2, especially under humid conditions. Although not as pronounced, similar behavior is observed for CO2, thereby establishing that this block ionomer is generally selective to humidified polar gases.
Fabrication of Polybenzimidazole/Palladium Nanoparticles Hollow Fiber Membranes for Hydrogen Purification
Authors: Villalobos Luis Francisco , Hilke Roland , Akhtar Faheem Hassan , Peinemann Klaus‐Viktor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel scheme to fabricate polybenzimidazole (PBI) hollow fiber membranes with a thin skin loaded with fully dispersed palladium nanoparticles is proposed for the first time. Palladium is added to the membrane during the spinning process in the form of ions that coordinate to the imidazole groups of the polymer. This is attractive for membrane production because agglomeration of nanoparticles is minimized and the high‐cost metal is incorporated in only the selective layer—where it is required. Pd‐containing membranes achieve three orders of magnitude higher H2 permeances and a twofold improvement in H2/CO2 selectivity compared to pure PBI hollow fiber membranes.
Laser‐Initiated Radical Trifluoromethylation of Peptides and Proteins: Application to Mass‐Spectrometry‐Based Protein Footprinting
Authors: Cheng Ming , Zhang Bojie , Cui Weidong , Gross Michael L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDescribed is a novel, laser‐initiated radical trifluoromethylation for protein footprinting and its broad residue coverage. .CF3 reacts with 18 of the 20 common amino acids, including Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Asp, and Glu, which are relatively silent with regard to .OH. This new approach to footprinting is a bridge between trifluoromethylation in materials and medicinal chemistry and structural biology and biotechnology. Its application to a membrane protein and to myoglobin show that the approach is sensitive to protein conformational change and solvent accessibility.