bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 matrix protein p17 misfolding forms toxic amyloidogenic assemblies that induce neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Zeinolabediny Yasmin , Caccuri Francesca , Colombo Laura , Morelli Federica , Romeo Margherita , Rossi Alessandro , Schiarea Silvia , Ciaramelli Carlotta , Airoldi Cristina , Weston Ria , Donghui Liu , Krupinski Jerzy , Corpas Rubén , García-Lara Elisa , Sarroca Sara , Sanfeliu Coral , Slevin Mark , Caruso Arnaldo , Salmona Mario , Diomede Luisa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains an important neurological manifestation that adversely affects a patient’s quality of life. HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) has been detected in autoptic brain tissue of HAND individuals who presented early with severe AIDS encephalopathy. We hypothesised that the ability of p17 to misfold may result in the generation of toxic assemblies in the brain and may be relevant for HAND pathogenesis. A multidisciplinary integrated approach has been applied to determine the ability of p17 to form soluble amyloidogenic assemblies in vitro. To provide new information into the potential pathogenic role of soluble p17 species in HAND, their toxicological capability was evaluated in vivo. In C. elegans, capable of recognising toxic assemblies of amyloidogenic proteins, p17 induces a specific toxic effect which can be counteracted by tetracyclines, drugs able to hinder the formation of large oligomers and consequently amyloid fibrils. The intrahippocampal injection of p17 in mice reduces their cognitive function and induces behavioral deficiencies. These findings offer a new way of thinking about the possible cause of neurodegeneration in HIV-1-seropositive patients, which engages the ability of p17 to form soluble toxic assemblies.
Fluorescent CRISPR Adaptation Reporter for rapid quantification of spacer acquisition
Authors: Amlinger Lina , Hoekzema Mirthe , Wagner E. Gerhart H. , Koskiniemi Sanna , Lundgren Magnus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive prokaryotic immune systems protecting against horizontally transferred DNA or RNA such as viruses and other mobile genetic elements. Memory of past invaders is stored as spacers in CRISPR loci in a process called adaptation. Here we developed a novel assay where spacer integration results in fluorescence, enabling detection of memory formation in single cells and quantification of as few as 0.05% cells with expanded CRISPR arrays in a bacterial population. Using this fluorescent CRISPR Adaptation Reporter (f-CAR), we quantified adaptation of the two CRISPR arrays of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system in Escherichia coli, and confirmed that more integration events are targeted to CRISPR-II than to CRISPR-I. The f-CAR conveniently analyzes and compares many samples, allowing new insights into adaptation. For instance, we show that in an E. coli culture the majority of acquisition events occur in late exponential phase.
Early weaning increases aggression and stereotypic behaviour in cats
Authors: Ahola Milla K. , Vapalahti Katariina , Lohi Hannes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBehaviour problems are common in companion felines, and problematic behaviour may be a sign of chronic stress. In laboratory animals, early weaning increases the risk for aggression, anxiety, and stereotypic behaviour. However, very few studies have focused on early weaning in one of the world’s most popular pets, the domestic cat, although weaning soon after the critical period of socialisation is common practice. To study the effects of early weaning (<12 weeks) on behaviour, a large data set (N = 5726, 40 breeds) was collected from home-living domestic cats through a questionnaire survey. The results show that weaning before 8 weeks of age increases the risk for aggression, but not fearful behaviour. Moreover, cats weaned after 14 weeks of age have a lower probability for aggression towards strangers than early weaned cats and a lower probability for stereotypic behaviour (excessive grooming) than cats weaned at 12 weeks. The effect of weaning age on stereotypic behaviour is partially explained by the effects on aggression. These findings indicate that early weaning has a detrimental effect on behaviour, and suggest delayed weaning as a simple and inexpensive approach to significantly improve the welfare of millions of domestic cats.
Technical Developments for Rehabilitation of Mobility
Authors: Dohle Christian , Müller Friedemann , Stephan Klaus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTechnically assisted rehabilitation of mobility after stroke has been well established for several years. There is good evidence for the use of end-effector devices, exoskeletons and treadmill training with and without body weight support. New developments provide the possibility for functional training during mobilization, even in intensive care units. Mobile exoskeleton devices have been developed, but their clinical effects need still to be evaluated. All devices should not only focus on increasing the number of repetitions, but also include motivational aspects such as virtual reality environments. Hygienic aspects impose a special challenge. All devices should be integrated into a rational and clearly-defined therapy concept.
Interstitial solute transport in 3D reconstructed neuropil occurs by diffusion rather than bulk flow
Authors: Holter Karl Erik , Kehlet Benjamin , Devor Anna , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Dale Anders M. , Omholt Stig W. , Ottersen Ole Petter , Nagelhus Erlend Arnulf , Mardal Kent-André , Pettersen Klas H. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Transport of nutrients and clearance of waste products are prerequisites for healthy brain function. It is still debated whether solutes are transported through the interstitial space by pressure-mediated bulk flow or by diffusion. Here we have simulated interstitial bulk flow within 3D electron microscope reconstructions of hippocampal tissue. We show that the permeability is one to two orders of magnitude lower than values typically seen in the literature, arguing against bulk flow as the dominant transport mechanism. Further, we show that solutes of all sizes are more easily transported through the interstitium by diffusion than by bulk flow. We conclude that clearance of waste products from the brain is largely based on diffusion of solutes through the interstitial space.
Effect of number of open charts on intercepted wrong-patient medication orders in an emergency department
Authors: Kannampallil Thomas G , Manning John D , Chestek David W , Adelman Jason , Salmasian Hojjat , Lambert Bruce L , Galanter William L 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
To reduce the risk of wrong-patient errors, safety experts recommend allowing only one patient chart to be open at a time. Due to the lack of empirical evidence, the number of allowable open charts is often based on anecdotal evidence or institutional preference, and hence varies across institutions. Using an interrupted time series analysis of intercepted wrong-patient medication orders in an emergency department during 2010–2016 (83.6 intercepted wrong-patient events per 100 000 orders), we found no significant decrease in the number of intercepted wrong-patient medication orders during the transition from a maximum of 4 open charts to a maximum of 2 (b = −0.19, P = .33) and no significant increase during the transition from a maximum of 2 open charts to a maximum of 4 (b = 0.08, P = .67). These results have implications regarding decisions about allowable open charts in the emergency department in relation to the impact on workflow and efficiency.
Movement System Impairment-Based Classification Treatment Versus General Exercises for Chronic Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Azevedo Daniel Camara , Ferreira Paulo Henrique , Santos Henrique de Oliveira , Oliveira Daniel Ribeiro , de Souza Joao Victor Leite , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Treatment for chronic low back pain (LBP) includes different forms of exercises, that to date have resulted in only small to moderate treatment effects. To enhance the treatment effects, different classification systems have been developed to classify people with LBP into more homogeneous subgroups leading to specific treatments for each subgroup.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a treatment based on the Movement System Impairment (MSI) model with a treatment consisting of symptom-guided stretching and strengthening exercises in people with chronic LBP.

Design
The study was a 2-arm, prospectively registered, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor.

Setting
The study setting was a university physical therapy clinic in Brazil.

Patients
A total of 148 participants with chronic LBP participated in the study.

Interventions
Participants were randomly allocated to an 8-week treatment of either treatment based on the MSI-based classification system or symptom-guided stretching and strengthening exercises.

Measurements
Measures of pain intensity, disability, and global impression of recovery were obtained by a blinded assessor at baseline and at follow-up appointments at 2, 4, and 6 months after randomization.

Results
There were no significant between-group differences for the primary outcomes of pain intensity at 2 months (mean difference = 0.05, 95% CI = –0.90 to 0.80) and disability at 2 months (mean difference = 0.00, 95% CI = –1.55 to 1.56). There also were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for any of the secondary outcome measures.

Limitations
Participants and physical therapists were not masked.

Conclusions
People with chronic LBP had similar improvements in pain, disability, and global impression of recovery with treatment consisting of symptom-guided stretching and strengthening exercises and treatment based on the MSI model.
Perceptions of Neighborhood Mediate the Relationship Between PTSD Symptoms and Coping in a Neighborhood-Matched Substance-Using Sample
Authors: Hertzel Sara K. , Schroeder Jennifer , Moran Landhing M. , Alvanzo Anika A. , Kowalczyk William J. , Epstein David H. , Preston Kenzie L. , Phillips Karran A. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
People with substance use problems living in neighborhoods with high levels of disorder are disproportionately likely to experience trauma and develop PTSD symptoms. We sought to evaluate the relationships between objective neighborhood disorder, perceptions of neighborhood, and the use of maladaptive coping behaviors among both non–substance-using and substance-using participants with and without PTSD symptoms.

Methods:
Participants (255 non-drug users [NDUs], 168 marijuana and/or alcohol users [MAUs], and 273 opioid and/or stimulant users) completed the Addiction Severity Index, PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version, The COPE Inventory, and the Perceived Neighborhood Scale. The Neighborhood Inventory for Environmental Typology (NIfETy) was used to objectively assess neighborhood disorder at participants’ home addresses. Regression modeling was used to assess within-group predictors of PTSD and test for mediation in the relationships between PTSD, perceptions of neighborhood, and coping behaviors.

Results:
In NDUs, lower sense of community partially mediated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and using mental disengagement to cope. In MAUs, higher levels of perceived crime partially mediated the individual relationships between PTSD symptoms and using mental disengagement, focusing on and venting emotions, and using substances to cope. Opioid and/or stimulant users with PTSD symptoms reported using higher levels of mental disengagement, focusing on and venting emotions, and substances to cope and perceived a higher degree of crime; no mediation was inferred.

Conclusion:
Perceptions of community and crime may be more predictive of PTSD symptoms than objectively measured neighborhood disorder. These perceptions partially mediate the relationship between maladaptive coping behaviors and PTSD symptoms.
Reversing Dabigatran Anticoagulation with Prothrombin Complex Concentrate versus Idarucizumab as Part of Multimodal Hemostatic Intervention in an Animal Model of Polytrauma
Authors: Honickel Markus , Braunschweig Till , Rossaint Rolf , Stoppe Christian , ten Cate Hugo , Grottke Oliver 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Although idarucizumab is the preferred treatment for urgent dabigatran reversal, it is not always available. Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) may be an alternative and, with bleeding in trauma, additional hemostatic therapy may be required. The authors investigated multimodal treatment in a preclinical polytrauma model.

Methods
Dabigatran etexilate (30 mg/kg twice daily) was given orally to 45 male pigs for 3 days. On day 4, animals received a dabigatran infusion before blunt liver injury and bilateral femur fractures. After injury, animals were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive placebo (control), tranexamic acid (TXA; 20 mg/kg) plus human fibrinogen concentrate (FCH; 80 mg/kg) (TXA–FCH group), PCC (25 U/kg or 50 U/kg) plus TXA plus FCH (PCC25 and PCC50 groups), or 60 mg/kg idarucizumab (IDA) plus TXA plus FCH (IDA group). Animals were monitored for 240 min after trauma, or until death.

Results
The degree of injury was similar in all animals before intervention. Control and TXA–FCH animals had the highest total postinjury blood loss (3,652 ± 601 and 3,497 ± 418 ml) and 100% mortality (mean survival time 96 and 109 min). Blood loss was significantly lower in the PCC50 (1,367 ± 273 ml) and IDA (986 ± 144 ml) groups, with 100% survival. Thrombin–antithrombin levels and thrombin generation were significantly elevated in the PCC50 group.

Conclusions
Idarucizumab may be considered the optimal treatment for emergency reversal of dabigatran anticoagulation. However, this study suggests that PCC may be similarly effective as idarucizumab and could therefore be valuable when idarucizumab is unavailable. (Anesthesiology 2017; 127:852-61)
Incidence and Risk Factors of Anterior Arch Fracture of the Atlas Following C1 Laminectomy Without Fusion
Authors: Shimizu Takayoshi , Otsuki Bungo , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Kumamoto Shinji , Hijikata Yasukazu , Shimizu Yu , Takemoto Mitsuru , Ota Masato , Ito Hideo , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: September 2017

Study Design.
A retrospective multicenter study.

Objective.
To identify the incidence of anterior arch fracture (AAF) of the atlas following C1 (first cervical vertebra) laminectomy without fusion, and its risk factors.

Summary of Background Data.
C1 laminectomy without fusion is a widely accepted surgical procedure performed to decompress the spinal cord that is compromised at the C1/C2 level, but without instability. Several case series have reported spontaneous AAF following this procedure. However, the incidence of post-laminectomy AAF and its risk factors have not been studied.

Methods.
This retrospective study included patients who underwent C1 laminectomy without fusion in any of the four participating institutions between April 2002 and March 2016. The incidence of AAF following C1 laminectomy was determined, and the included patients were grouped into those who developed AAF (AAF group) and those who did not (non-AAF group). Patient demographics and radiographic parameters including subaxial cervical balance on x-ray (C2–7 sagittal vertical axis, C2–7 lordosis, C2–7 coronal cobb angle, and T1-slope), and morphology of the atlas on computed tomography (CT) scan were compared with the AAF and non-AAF groups.

Results.
Seventy patients who underwent C1 laminectomy without fusion were included in the study. The incidence of AAF was 14.2% (10/70). Multivariate analysis revealed that a large inferior facet angle (IFA, defined as the coronal inclination angle of the C1/2 facet as measured on CT) and the presence of subaxial ankylosis (bony ankylosis below C2 on CT) were independent risk factors for AAF. There were no significant differences in the subaxial cervical balance as measured on x-ray between the AAF and non-AAF groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
The incidence of AAF after C1 laminectomy without fusion is not uncommon. Preoperative assessment using CT may identify patients at high risk of AAF.

Level of Evidence: 4
Volumetric Measurement of Optic Nerve Head Drusen Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Tsikata Edem , Vercellin Verticchio Alice C. , Falkenstein Iryna , Poon Linda Yi-Chieh , Brauner Stacey , Khoueir Ziad , Miller John B. , Chen Teresa C. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To describe new software tools for quantifying optic nerve head drusen volume using 3-dimensional (3D) swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) volumetric scans.

Materials and Methods:
SS-OCT was used to acquire raster volume scans of 8 eyes of 4 patients with bilateral optic nerve head drusen. The scans were manually segmented by 3 graders to identify the drusen borders, and thereafter total drusen volumes were calculated. Linear regression was performed to study the relationships between drusen volume, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and Humphrey visual field mean deviation.

Results:
In the 8 study eyes, drusen volumes ranged between 0.24 to 1.05 mm3. Visual field mean deviation decreased by ∼20 dB per cubic millimeter increase in drusen volume, and the coefficient of correlation of the linear regression was 0.92. In this small patient series, visual field defects were detected when drusen volume was larger than about 0.2 mm3.

Conclusions:
Software tools have been developed to quantify the size of OHND using SS-OCT volume scans.
Primary Trabeculectomy Outcomes by Glaucoma Fellows in a Tertiary Hospital in Brazil
Authors: Abe Ricardo Y. , Shigueoka Leonardo S. , Vasconcellos José P.C. , Costa Vital P. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To examine outcomes of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for uncontrolled glaucoma when performed by glaucoma trainee surgeons.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective case series of patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Primary outcome was to assess the rate of failure, which was defined as intraocular pressure in 2 consecutive visits >18 or <5 mm Hg or intraocular pressure reduction <30% from baseline, additional glaucoma surgery, or loss of light perception. The secondary outcome was to investigate risk factors for failure and surgical complications.

Results:
One hundred forty-three eyes from 126 glaucoma patients underwent primary trabeculectomy between 2013 and 2014 at University of Campinas. Mean follow-up time was 1.47±0.96 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed cumulative survival rates of 70.1%, 62.5%, and 57.8%, after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations revealed that neovascular glaucoma [odd ratios (OR): 5.05, P=0.043], suture lysis (OR: 8.89, P=0.011), and early bleb leak (OR: 4.63, P=0.011) were risk factors for failure.

Conclusions:
A success rate of approximately 60% was obtained 3 years after primary trabeculectomy performed by trainees. Patients with neovascular glaucoma, who underwent suture lysis and who presented an early bleb leak had an increased risk for failure during follow-up.
Vocal fold leukoplakia: incidence, management, and prevention
Authors: Parker Noah P. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to provide an update on English-language literature evaluating the current understanding of incidence, management, and prevention of vocal fold leukoplakia focusing on premalignancy.

Recent findings
Recent studies have continued to try to elucidate factors influencing recurrence and progression of dysplastic disease, though results vary. Although advanced diagnostic techniques have attempted to predict disease behavior, tissue diagnosis continues to be essential. Studies reinforce the necessity of removal of disease as the primary treatment, whereas use of photoangiolytic lasers via the ablative technique has increased, as has transition of some patients into the office-based settings for treatment. Although genetic and molecular testing may hold promise for predictive purposes, further study is necessary, and chemotherapy for recalcitrant disease continues to be an area of study with few case studies being reported.

Summary
Management of vocal fold leukoplakia continues to progress in terms of identification and treatment. Although many work to advance our knowledge in the field and push treatment strategies toward newer avenues, pathologic diagnosis, eradiation of disease on the basis of experience and skill, and close surveillance continue to be paramount.
Voice rest after laryngeal surgery: what's the evidence?
Authors: Kaneko Mami , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
This article aims to review previous research reports and to summarize current strategies for the optimal duration of voice rest and the effect of phonatory stimulation after phonomicrosurgery.

Recent findings
Voice rest is commonly recommended after laryngeal surgery to prevent worsening of vocal fold injuries. However, there are no established standard protocol for voice rest, and the type and duration of voice rest vary among clinicians. The most effective duration of voice rest is unknown. Recently, early vocal stimulation was recommended as a means to improve wound healing, on the basis of the basic and clinical researches.

Summary
It seems that early vocal stimulation may enhance the wound healing process in the vocal fold. More basic and clinical researches are warranted to investigate appropriate timing of initiation of stimulation, as well as the type and amount of stimulation that are available for human.
Association Between Internalized HIV-Related Stigma and HIV Care Visit Adherence
Authors: Rice Whitney S. , Crockett Kaylee B. , Mugavero Michael J. , Raper James L. , Atkins Ghislaine C. , Turan Bulent 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Internalized HIV-related stigma acts as a barrier to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but its effects on other HIV care continuum outcomes are unclear.

Methods:
Among 196 HIV clinic patients in Birmingham, AL, we assessed internalized HIV-related stigma and depressive symptom severity using validated multi-item scales and assessed ART adherence using a validated single-item measure. HIV visit adherence (attended out of total scheduled visits) was calculated using data from clinic records. Using covariate-adjusted regression analysis, we investigated the association between internalized stigma and visit adherence. Using path analytic methods with bootstrapping, we tested the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between internalized stigma and visit adherence and the mediating role of visit adherence in the association between internalized stigma and ART adherence.

Results:
Higher internalized stigma was associated with lower visit adherence (B = −0.04, P = 0.04). Black (versus white) race and depressive symptoms were other significant predictors within this model. Mediation analysis yielded no indirect effect through depression in the association between internalized stigma and visit adherence (B = −0.18, SE = 0.11, 95% confidence interval: −0.44 to −0.02) in the whole sample. Supplemental mediated moderation analyses revealed gender-specific effects. Additionally, the effect of internalized stigma on suboptimal ART adherence was mediated by lower visit adherence (B = −0.18, SE = 0.11, 95% confidence interval: −0.44 to −0.02).

Conclusions:
Results highlight the importance of internalized HIV stigma to multiple and sequential HIV care continuum outcomes. Also, findings suggest multiple intervention targets, including addressing internalized stigma directly, reducing depressive symptoms, and promoting consistent engagement in care.