bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kvinnehelse i Rogaland – kartlegging av risikofaktorer for hjerte- og karsykdom hos 200 kvinner i to kommuner i Rogaland
Authors: Fevang Anne Kristine , Schei Berit , Grimstad Hilde 
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGFormålet med studien var å kartlegge nivået og forekomsten av risikofaktorene totalkolesterol, triglyserid,glukose, kroppsmasseindeks, blodtrykk og røyking. Studien ble gjort i samarbeid med Statenshelseundersøkelser og var en utvidelse av 40-åringsundersøkelsene i to små øykommuner i Rogaland.Til undersøkelsen møtte 200 kvinner i alderen 15 til 75 år. Konsentrasjonen av totalkolesterol, triglyseridog glukose, samt verdien av kroppsmasseindeks og blodtrykk steg med stigende alder. Det var ensignifikant positiv assosiasjon mellom kroppsmasseindeks og triglyserid og mellom kroppsmasseindeksog blodtrykk. Over 50% av kvinnene rapporterte god helse. Forekomsten av røyking var lavere ennellers i landet. Kvinner som røykte eller som hadde enten totalkolesterol ≥ 5,7 mmol/l, triglyserid ≥ 2,3mmol/l, glukose ≥ 11,1 mmol/l, kroppsmasseindeks ≥ 2,7 kg/cm2 eller blodtrykk ≥ 140/90 mmHg bleklassifisert som å ha en eller flere risikofaktorer. I alt 71% av kvinnene i denne studien hadde en ellerflere risikofaktorer. Sammenliknet med andre studier var nivået av risikofaktorene gjennomsnittlig.Fevang AK, Schei B, Grimstad H. Women's health in Rogaland county – screening forcardiovascular risk factors. Nor J Epidemiol 1999; 9 (2): 159-164. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe aims of the study were to report smoking habits and the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride,blood sugar, blood pressure and body mass index. The study was carried out in cooperation with theNational Health Screening Service. About 200 women, 15 to 75 years old, participated in the study.The concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood sugar, and the levels of body mass index(BMI) and blood pressure increased with age. A statistically significant association was found betweenBMI and triglyceride, and between BMI and blood pressure. More than fifty percent of the womenreported that their health was good. The proportion of women who reported cigarette smoking waslower than among women in a national sample. Women who smoked or had either total cholesterol≥ 5.7 mmol/l, triglyceride ≥ 2.3 mmol/l, blood sugar ≥ 11.1 mmol/l, BMI ≥ 2.7 kg/cm2, or bloodpressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg were classified as having one or more risk factors. In the present study 71%of the women had one or more of the risk faktors. The levels of the cardiovascular risk factors amongthe women in this study were comparable with levels among women in other studies.
Mean-correction and Higher Order Moments for a Stochastic Volatility Model with Correlated Errors
Authors: Mukhoti Sujay , Ranjan Pritam 
Published: June 2016

In an efficient stock market, the log-returns and their time-dependent variances are often jointly modelled by stochastic volatility models (SVMs). Many SVMs assume that errors in log-return and latent volatility process are uncorrelated, which is unrealistic. It turns out that if a non-zero correlation is included in the SVM (e.g., \cite{Shephard05}), then the expected log-return at time $t$ conditional on the past returns is non-zero, which is not a desirable feature of an efficient stock market. In this paper, we propose a mean-correction for such an SVM for discrete-time returns with non-zero correlation. We also find closed form analytical expressions for higher moments of log-return and its lead-lag correlations with the volatility process. We compare the performance of the proposed and classical SVMs on S\&P 500 index returns obtained from NYSE.
On the Existence Conditions for Balanced Fractional $2^{m}$ Factorial Designs of Resolution $\mathrm{R}^{\ast}(\{1\}|\mathrm{\Omega}_{\ell})$ with $N<\nu_{\ell}(m)$
Authors: Hyodo Yoshifumi , Kuwada Masahide , Yumiba Hiromu 
Published: June 2016

We consider a fractional $2^{m}$ factorial design derived from a simple array (SA) such that the $(\ell+1)$-factor and higher-order interactions are assumed to be negligible, where $2\ell\le m$. Under these situations, if at least the main effect is estimable, then a design is said to be of resolution $\mathrm{R}^{\ast}(\{1\}|\mathrm{\Omega}_{\ell})$. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for an SA to be a balanced fractional $2^{m}$ factorial design of resolution $\mathrm{R}^{\ast}(\{1\}|\mathrm{\Omega}_{\ell})$ for $\ell=2,3$, where the number of assemblies is less than the number of non-negligible factorial effects. Such a design is concretely characterized by the suffixes of the indices of an SA.
Generation of a Bone Organ by Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Through Endochondral Ossification
Authors: Osinga Rik , Di Maggio Nunzia , Todorov Atanas , Allafi Nima , Barbero Andrea , Laurent Frédéric , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Martin Ivan , Scherberich Arnaud 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Recapitulation of endochondral ossification (ECO) (i.e., generation of marrow-containing ossicles through a cartilage intermediate) has relevance to develop human organotypic models for bone or hematopoietic cells and to engineer grafts for bone regeneration. Unlike bone marrow-derived stromal cells (also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells), adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) have so far failed to form a bone organ by ECO. The goal of the present study was to assess whether priming human ASC to a defined stage of chondrogenesis in vitro allows their autonomous ECO upon ectopic implantation. ASC were cultured either as micromass pellets or into collagen sponges in chondrogenic medium containing transforming growth factor-β3 and bone morphogenetic protein-6 for 4 weeks (early hypertrophic templates) or for two additional weeks in medium supplemented with β-glycerophosphate, l-thyroxin, and interleukin1-β to induce hypertrophic maturation (late hypertrophic templates). Constructs were implanted in vivo and analyzed after 8 weeks. In vitro, ASC deposited cartilaginous matrix positive for glycosaminoglycans, type II collagen, and Indian hedgehog. Hypertrophic maturation induced upregulation of type X collagen, bone sialoprotein, and matrix metalloproteinase13 (MMP13). In vivo, both early and late hypertrophic templates underwent cartilage remodeling, as assessed by MMP13- and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive staining, and developed bone ossicles, including bone marrow elements, although to variable degrees of efficiency. In situ hybridization for human-specific sequences and staining with a human specific anti-CD146 antibody demonstrated the direct contribution of ASC to bone and stromal tissue formation. In conclusion, despite their debated skeletal progenitor nature, human ASC can generate bone organs through ECO when suitably primed in vitro.

Significance
Recapitulation of endochondral ossification (ECO) (i.e., generation of marrow-containing ossicles through a cartilage intermediate) has relevance to develop human organotypic models for bone or hematopoietic cells and to engineer grafts for bone regeneration. This study demonstrated that expanded, human adult adipose-derived stromal cells can generate ectopic bone through ECO, as previously reported for bone marrow stromal cells. This system can be used as a model in a variety of settings for mimicking ECO during development, physiology, or pathology (e.g., to investigate the role of BMPs, their receptors, and signaling pathways). The findings have also translational relevance in the field of bone regeneration, which, despite several advances in the domains of materials and surgical techniques, still faces various limitations before being introduced in the routine clinical practice.
Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Left Ventricular Function, Perfusion, and Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Liu Chuan-Bin , Huang He , Sun Ping , Ma Shi-Ze , Liu An-Heng , Xue Jian , Fu Jin-Hui , Liang Yu-Qian , Liu Bing , Wu Dong-Ying , Lü Shuang-Hong , Zhang Xiao-Zhong 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a new strategy for treatment of ischemic heart disease. Although umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) have been used preferentially in the acute ischemia model, data for the chronic ischemia model are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effect of UC-MSCs originated from Wharton's jelly in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia in a porcine model induced by ameroid constrictor. Four weeks after ameroid constrictor placement, the surviving animals were divided randomly into two groups to undergo saline injection (n = 6) or UC-MSC transplantation (n = 6) through the left main coronary artery. Two additional intravenous administrations of UC-MSCs were performed in the following 2 weeks to enhance therapeutic effect. Cardiac function and perfusion were examined just before and at 4 weeks after intracoronary transplantation. The results showed that pigs with UC-MSC transplantation exhibited significantly greater left ventricular ejection fraction compared with control animals (61.3% ± 1.3% vs. 50.3% ± 2.0%, p &lt; .05). The systolic thickening fraction in the infarcted left ventricular wall was also improved (41.2% ± 3.3% vs. 46.2% ± 2.3%, p &lt; .01). Additionally, the administration of UC-MSCs promoted collateral development and myocardial perfusion. The indices of fibrosis and apoptosis were also significantly reduced. Immunofluorescence staining showed clusters of CM-DiI-labeled cells in the border zone, some of which expressed von Willebrand factor. These results suggest that UC-MSC treatment improves left ventricular function, perfusion, and remodeling in a porcine model with chronic myocardial ischemia.

Significance
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Many patients with chronic myocardial ischemia are not suitable for surgery and have no effective drug treatment; they are called “no-option” patients. This study finds that umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells transplanted by intracoronary delivery combined with two intravenous administrations was safe and could significantly improve left ventricular function, perfusion, and remodeling in a large-animal model of chronic myocardial ischemia, which provides a new choice for the no-option patients. In addition, this study used clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells with delivery and assessment methods commonly used clinically to facilitate further clinical transformation.
Évaluation-régulation interactive : étude des structures de participation guidée entre enseignant et élèves dans le problème mathématique « Enclos de la chèvre »
Authors: Mottier Lopez Lucie 
Published: June 2016

À partir d’un cadre qui définit l’évaluation-soutien d’apprentissage et l’évaluation formative élargie, cet article étudie une forme particulière d’évaluation formative qui a pour intérêt de s’intégrer aux activités d’apprentissage des élèves. Conceptualisée comme une évaluation-régulation interactive en tant que participation guidée qui a une fonction d’étayage et de médiation à l’autorégulation de l’élève, elle n’est cependant pas à confondre avec toute évaluation interactive. Cet article présente une recherche collaborative menée avec neuf enseignants de l’école primaire genevoise qui s’interrogent sur leur façon d’intervenir dans des situations complexes à des fins de soutien d’apprentissage. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme de quatre structures de participation guidée qui caractérisent les processus dialogiques des évaluations-régulations interactives étudiées. Afin d’illustrer la façon dont les enjeux d’apprentissage sont traités dans ces évaluations, les résultats se centrent sur un problème en particulier, « Enclos de la chèvre », issu des moyens d’enseignement romands des mathématiques.
Éclairer les performances par une analyse après coup pour évaluer des compétences professionnelles
Authors: Chenu Florent 
Published: June 2016

Est-il pertinent, pour évaluer des compétences professionnelles, d’observer un individu évalué dans une situation de travail, puis de s’entretenir avec lui à propos de son activité dans cette situation ? La question posée dans cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique proposé par la didactique professionnelle. Elle interroge l’intérêt d’une méthodologie d’évaluation des compétences professionnelles qui, au-delà de l’observation d’une performance dans une situation donnée, tente de pronostiquer la « répétabilité » de celle-ci en examinant après coup les raisonnements mis en oeuvre dans cette situation. C’est dans cette perspective que nous avons mené une étude expérimentale sur la relation entre performance et conceptualisation. Cet article présente les résultats de cette étude. Nos travaux ont été conduits dans le domaine de l’utilisation professionnelle du traitement de texte, mais ouvrent le questionnement sur des considérations dont l’intérêt dépasse ce contexte particulier.
Étude de nouveaux indices de détection de la réponse au hasard et de l’inattention selon différentes valeurs de l’habileté dans le contexte de la modélisation de Rasch
Authors: Béland Sébastien , Raîche Gilles , Magis David , Riopel Martin 
Published: June 2016

Certains étudiants peuvent répondre au hasard ou être inattentifs dans une situation de testing. Plusieurs approches ont déjà été développées pour détecter ce type de réponse. Parmi celles-ci, l’utilisation d’indices de détection (person-fit indexes) de patrons de réponses inappropriés est l’approche qui est la plus étudiée et qui semble la plus prometteuse. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous concentrons sur trois indices de détection populaires qui présentent des caractéristiques permettant d’en faciliter l’interprétation : lz, ZU et ZW. Des études antérieures ont montré que ces trois indices sont fortement affectés par le fait que l’habileté d’un étudiant est estimée plutôt que réelle. Snijders (2001) a proposé une version corrigée de l’indice lz (nommée lz*) afin de tenir compte de cette difficulté. Magis, Béland et Raîche (2014) ont déjà corrigé deux autres indices selon l’approche de Snijders : U* et W*. Il reste cependant à analyser plus en détail le comportement des indices corrigés lz*, U* et W* et des indices standardisés lz, ZU et ZW. Pour ce faire, nous effectuons deux études selon différentes valeurs de l’habileté, soit une analyse des erreurs de type I des indices (probabilité de se tromper en identifiant un patron de réponses inapproprié) et une analyse de leur puissance de détection. Ces analyses permettront de démontrer que ce sont généralement les indices corrigés lz* et W* qui sont les plus intéressants à utiliser puisque leurs scores suivent approximativement la loi normale et qu’ils permettent de bien détecter la réponse au hasard et l’inattention.
Unique characteristics of nonequilibrium carrier transport dynamics in an undoped GaAs/n-type GaAs epitaxial structure
Authors: Hasegawa Takayuki , Nakayama Masaaki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We have investigated nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in an undoped GaAs/n-type GaAs epitaxial structure at room temperature using reflection-type pump–probe spectroscopy at different pump photon energies and Monte Carlo simulation. It was found that the transport process of photogenerated electrons in the undoped layer is characterized by the valance between the quasiballistic motion passing through the undoped layer and the intervalley scattering from the Γ valley to the L one as a function of the excess energy of photogenerated electrons. The Γ–L scattering component exhibits threshold-like appearance and then gradually increases with increasing excess energy.
Evaluation of correlation property of linear-frequency-modulated signals coded by maximum-length sequences
Authors: Yamanaka Kota , Hirata Shinnosuke , Hachiya Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Ultrasonic distance measurement for obstacles has been recently applied in automobiles. The pulse–echo method based on the transmission of an ultrasonic pulse and time-of-flight (TOF) determination of the reflected echo is one of the typical methods of ultrasonic distance measurement. Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the echo and the avoidance of crosstalk between ultrasonic sensors in the pulse–echo method are required in automotive measurement. The SNR of the reflected echo and the resolution of the TOF are improved by the employment of pulse compression using a maximum-length sequence (M-sequence), which is one of the binary pseudorandom sequences generated from a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). Crosstalk is avoided by using transmitted signals coded by different M-sequences generated from different LFSRs. In the case of lower-order M-sequences, however, the number of measurement channels corresponding to the pattern of the LFSR is not enough. In this paper, pulse compression using linear-frequency-modulated (LFM) signals coded by M-sequences has been proposed. The coding of LFM signals by the same M-sequence can produce different transmitted signals and increase the number of measurement channels. In the proposed method, however, the truncation noise in autocorrelation functions and the interference noise in cross-correlation functions degrade the SNRs of received echoes. Therefore, autocorrelation properties and cross-correlation properties in all patterns of combinations of coded LFM signals are evaluated.
Construction of three-axis acceleration sensor using a cross-coupled vibrator
Authors: Terada Jiro , Ueha Yusuke , Uetsuji Yasutomo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We describe an acceleration sensor composed of four vibration bars, with a detection mechanism in which the resonant frequencies of the four bars are brought close together. The bars are connected mechanically at the center, and a cross-shaped layout is used such that for any load direction, the sizes of the loads on the vibration bars mutually oppose each other. Using this structure, acceleration can be easily calculated by the differential detection of the oscillation amplitude signals of each of the four vibration bars. The acceleration sensor in these three axes realized high stability and highly sensitive detection by driving four coupled vibrators. The sensor characteristics are measured using the gravitational field, and the acceleration is changed by rotating the sensor around the axis along the length of the vibrator.
Development of anticavitation hydrophone using a titanium front plate: Effect of the titanium front plate in high-intensity acoustic field with generation of acoustic cavitation
Authors: Shiiba Michihisa , Okada Nagaya , Kurosawa Minoru , Takeuchi Shinichi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Novel anticavitation hydrophones were fabricated by depositing a hydrothermally synthesized lead zirconate titanate polycrystalline film at the back of a titanium front plate. These anticavitation hydrophones were not damaged by the measurement of the acoustic field formed by a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device. Their sensitivity was improved by approximately 20 dB over that of the conventional anticavitation hydrophone by modifying their basic structure and materials. The durability of the anticavitation hydrophone that we fabricated was compared by exposing it to a high-intensity acoustic field at the focal point of the HIFU field and in the water tank of an ultrasound cleaner. Therefore, the effect of the surface of the titanium front plate on acoustic cavitation was investigated by exposing such a surface to the high-intensity acoustic field. We found that the fabricated anticavitation hydrophone was robust and was not damaged easily, even in the focused acoustic field where acoustic cavitation occurs.
Advantage of annular focus generation by sector-vortex array in cavitation-enhanced high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment
Authors: Jimbo Hayato , Takagi Ryo , Taguchi Kei , Yoshizawa Shin , Umemura Shin-ichiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive method for cancer treatment. One of the disadvantages of this method is that it has a long total treatment time because of the smallness of the treatment volume by a single exposure. To solve this problem, we have proposed a method of cavitation-enhanced heating, which utilized the heat generated by oscillating the cavitation bubbles, in combination with the method of lateral enlargement of a HIFU focal zone to minimize the surface volume ratio. In a previous study, focal spot scanning at multiple points was employed for the enlargement. This method involves nonlinear propagation and absorption due to the high spatial-peak temporal-peak (SPTP) intensity in addition to the cavitation-enhanced heating. However, it is difficult to predict the size and position of the coagulation volume because they are significantly affected by the nonlinear parameters of the tissue. In this study, a sector vortex method was employed to directly synthesize an annular focal pattern. Since this method can keep the SPTP intensity at a manageably low level, nonlinear propagation and absorption can be minimized. Experimental results demonstrate that the coagulation was generated only in the region where both the cavitation cloud and the heating ultrasound were matched. The proposed method will make the cavitation-enhanced HIFU treatment more accurate and predictable.
Fundamentals of planar-type inductively coupled thermal plasmas on a substrate for large-area material processing
Authors: Tial Mai Kai Suan , Irie Hiromitsu , Maruyama Yuji , Tanaka Yasunori , Uesugi Yoshihiko , Ishijima Tatsuo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this work, the fundamentals of planar-type Ar inductively coupled thermal plasmas (ICTPs) with oxygen molecular gas on a substrate have been studied. Previously, aiming at large-area material processing, we developed a planar-type ICTP torch with a rectangular quartz vessel instead of a conventional cylindrical tube. For the adoption of such planar-type ICTP to material processing, it is necessary to sustain the ICTP with molecular gases on a substrate stably and uniformly. To determine the uniformity of the ICTP formed on the substrate, spectroscopic observation was carried out at 3 mm above the substrate. Results showed that the radiation intensities of specified O atomic lines were almost uniformly detected along the surface of the substrate. This means that excited O atoms, which are important radicals for thermal plasma oxidation, are present in the planar-type ICTP uniformly on the substrate.