bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materialización de las fronteras
Authors: Rojas Domínguez Nataly , Pilawa Tomasz 
Published: December 2017

<p>En 2015, la onu declaró que el mundo se encuentra sumido en la crisis más aguda de relaciones internacionales<br />y humanitarias de los últimos años.1 Una nueva etapa en la historia de la humanidad comenzó a escribirse, la cual se caracteriza por numerosos muros construidos y proyectados durante 2015 (diez construidos y cinco proyectados). De tal suerte, el muro se transformó en otro recurso del<br />abanico estratégico para solucionar los problemas que aquejan a determinadas poblaciones.<br />Por desgracia, la afirmación de la onu referida continúa vigente hasta el día de hoy. Las guerras por territorio, poder o rutas comerciales prevalecen. De acuerdo con el Banco Mundial, la pobreza ha disminuido;2 no obstante, sigue encabezando la lista de causas de migración. Las posturas extremistas,<br />lejos de erradicarse, incrementan las cifras de discriminación, racismo y segregación socioespacial.<br />En este contexto, la reciente victoria de Donald Trump despertó la inquietud mundial por entender ¿qué pasa con los muros que separan naciones, ciudades, comunidades y familias? ¿Cuál es su función? ¿Cumplen con sus objetivos realmente? ¿Cuántos muros hay en el mundo? Estas preguntas guían el presente texto, el cual identifica y expone diferentes muros polémicos así como aquellos que no se mencionan con frecuencia por la escasa difusión de su existencia en los medios de comunicación<br />masivos.</p>
Ethnographic Field School Teaching and Learning in the Face of Societal Transformation: An Example from Rio de Janeiro
Authors: White Cassandra 
Published: December 2017

“Come to the street!” (“Vem pra rua!”) This has been one of the most powerful slogans of protest since Brazilians in large numbers have begun to take to the streets in 2013 to make a variety of statements about corruption and government policies. The beginning of this recent protest movement, which has extended to all corners of Brazil, coincided almost exactly with the start of an ethnographic field school the first author directed and in which the co-authors participated in Rio de Janeiro. In this paper, we will discuss some of the unanticipated teaching and learning opportunities for anthropology students that came about as a result of these events. We will also discuss the implications for a model of experiential learning and student anthropological fieldwork in study abroad.
Why We Post
Authors: Haapio-Kirk Laura 
Published: December 2017

Based on ethnographic research on digital learning from the Why We Post project at UCL Anthropology, this paper outlines how academic insights can benefit pedagogy, reaching beyond traditional modes of education towards public engagement. The paper demonstrates how a spectrum of digital dissemination, ranging from the academic (such as journal papers) to the public (such as a website and MOOC), can transform anthropological research into global education at the same time as maintaining intellectual integrity. In an uncertain world, fear of 'the other' and anxiety around the rapid rise of technology permeates public discourse. Anthropological education offers an antidote by focussing on the culturally-constructed nature of dynamic phenomena shaping our world. In order to shift wider perspectives towards an appreciation of cultural diversity, this paper argues that public anthropology needs to be held in higher regard within the discipline.
Teaching Anthropological Concepts of Race in Higher Education
Authors: Dozier Crystal A 
Published: December 2017

Racialism is the belief that humans can be divided into distinct races that are biological fact and can determine many traits of individuals. This concept, while persistent, has been refuted by biological and social science, which indicates that the cultural conception of race is neither a biological reality nor determinant. The discipline of anthropology is well positioned to explain nuances in biological and cultural diversity, but employing the most effective strategies to teach these important, and sometimes controversial, concepts is crucial. Patterns and Efficacy in Teaching Concepts of Race in Anthropology (PETCRA) surveyed nearly 300 undergraduate students in introductory anthropology courses at a predominantly white institution in the United States. Students were given two surveys, before and after instruction, to determine their perception of race. The pre- and post-instructional surveys asked students simple conceptual questions about race, about their own experience of race, and demographic information; the post-survey included questions about the instruction in this subject area. While many students started with racialist perspectives, statistically significant numbers of students adopted a more anthropological view after instruction. Including videos with lecture resulted in statistically significant improvement in students’ answers. Student racial identity development is discussed as an important component for understanding this complex topic, especially within predominately white institutions. This research underscores the importance of evidence-based pedagogical choices in diversity instruction.
Advanced Glycation End Products, Oxidation Products, and Incident Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Koska Juraj , Saremi Aramesh , Howell Scott , Bahn Gideon , De Courten Barbora , Ginsberg Henry , Beisswenger Paul J. , Reaven Peter D. ,   for the VADT Investigators
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to determine whether plasma levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and oxidation products (OP) predict the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Five specific AGE (methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone, carboxymethyl lysine, carboxyethyl lysine, 3-deoxyglucosone hydroimidazolone, and glyoxal hydroimidazolone) and two OP (2-aminoadipic acid and methionine sulfoxide [MetSO]) were measured at baseline in two intensive glucose-lowering studies: 1) a subcohort of the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) (n = 445) and 2) a nested case-control subgroup from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study (n = 271).

RESULTS
Increased levels of several AGE and OP were associated with older age, decreased kidney function, previous CVD, and longer diabetes duration, but not with hemoglobin A1c. In the VADT, increased risk of incident CVD events (n = 107) was associated with lower MetSO after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, prior CVD event, kidney function, treatment assignment, and diabetes duration (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53; 95% CI 0.28–0.99; P = 0.047). Individuals with both low MetSO and high 3-deoxyglucosone hydroimidazolone concentrations were at highest risk for CVD (HR 1.70; P = 0.01). In the ACCORD study, those with incident CVD events (n = 136) had lower MetSO (by 14%; P = 0.007) and higher glyoxal hydroimidazolone and carboxymethyl lysine (by 18% and 15%, respectively; P = 0.04 for both); however, only the difference in MetSO remained significant after adjustment for prior CVD event (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Lower levels of MetSO and higher levels of select AGE are associated with increased incident CVD and may help account for the limited benefit of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes.
Inteligencia lógico matemático y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de la Facultad Ingeniería Civil – UNCP
Authors: Inga Peña Raúl , Basilio Héctor , Peña Percy 
Published: December 2017

La investigación surge de la interrogante ¿Qué relación existe entre la inteligencia lógico matemático y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil de la UNCP? El tipo de investigación fue el descriptivo, con un diseño correlacional. Para la medición de la inteligencia lógico matemático se aplicó una prueba pedagógica y para el rendimiento académico se utilizó la base de datos de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil de la UNCP semestre 2016-II. El análisis de datos se realizó con la estadística descriptiva, correlacional “r” Pearson e inferencial la prueba “t” de student, resultando que la tc (t calculada) fue mayor que la tt (t de tabla), aceptando la hipótesis alterna y rechazando la hipótesis nula. La muestra estuvo constituido por 91 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil de la UNCP seleccionado con un muestreo probabilístico, concluyendo que la inteligencia lógico matemático, presenta una correlación positiva alta con el rendimiento académico.”.
Transferencia analógica y comprensión inferencial en estudiantes de educación primaria de El Tambo – Huancayo
Authors: Hilario Flores Nora Esther 
Published: December 2017

La investigación tuvo como propósito comprobar si la aplicación de la estrategia de transferencia analógica es eficaz para la comprensión inferencial de los estudiantes de educación primaria del distrito de El Tambo–Huancayo; fue de tipo aplicada y nivel tecnológico, utilizó el método experimental, con un diseño cuasi-experimental con pre y pos prueba; la estrategia de transferencia analógica se aplicó a una muestra de 86 estudiantes de dos instituciones educativas estatales, durante 20 sesiones de clase, luego se evaluó aplicando una prueba de comprensión inferencial constituida por 20 ítems antes y después de la aplicación experimental. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la aplicación de la estrategia de transferencia analógica es eficaz para mejorar la comprensión inferencial de los estudiantes de educación primaria; y es significativa para las inferencias referenciales, antecedentes causales, inferencias temáticas y predictivas.
Escepticismo epistemológico en las matemáticas y naturaleza “caótica” de los números primos
Authors: Lucas Cabello Adalberto , Miraval Trinidad Caleb Josué 
Published: December 2017

Definir un título de investigación no es una empresa sencilla, requiere de un mínimo de manejo de técnicas y de lógica de investigación científica. En nuestro caso, finalmente arribamos al siguiente: Escepticismo epistemológico en las matemáticas y naturaleza “caótica” de los números primos, que desde nuestra óptica sintetiza bien el objetivo general planteado: Establecer el grado de relación entre el escepticismo epistemológico en las matemáticas con la naturaleza “caótica” de los números primos. Para el logro del objetivo planteado, acudimos a al método hermenéutico y fenomenológico dialéctico. El primero nos ayudó a la interpretación de las categorías, base teórica incluso los resultados. El segundo, nos fue útil para ponerle pausa, un epojé al estudio en camino. Los resultados obtenidos como producto del uso de los métodos utilizados (al cual se suman las técnicas y los instrumentos) fueron: Existe una relación muy significativa entre el escepticismo epistemológico en las matemáticas con el principio de complejidad de los números primos. Existe una relación muy significativa entre la filosofía de las matemáticas; con el principio de complejidad de los números primos. La relación entre el escepticismo epistemológico en las matemáticas y la incertidumbre del origen de los números primos es muy significativo. La relación entre la fecundidad de los errores de las matemáticas con la incertidumbre del origen de los primos es muy significativo. Existe una relación muy significativa de la actitud filosófica y la actitud científica con la utilidad científica y tecnológica de los números primos. Finalmente, la fundamental conclusión es: se estableció que entre el escepticismo epistemológico en las matemáticas y la naturaleza “caótica” de los números primos existe una relación significativa y muy significativa.
Understanding the Impact of the Counter-Terror Agenda on Humanitarian Action
Authors: Bruno Francesco 
Published: December 2017

The paper reflects on the impact of the counter-terror agenda on humanitarian actions. It explores the socio-political and legal implications and constraints that Non-Governmental Organisations incur when managing humanitarian projects in critical environments such as Somalia where, an important famine stroke in 2011 as consequence of the counter-terror agenda, insecurity and politicization. In the case of Somalia, Al-Shabaab, a group well-known to the international authority as affiliated to Al-Qaeda was in charge of the area in which the famine stroke. The dilemma to consider in this paper is paper is related to the binomial situation between the people in need and the counter-terrorism strategy against Al-Shabaab.The paper outlines three issues that the humanitarian actors incur, namely structural, operational and of internal nature. These three issues undermines the relationship between the Humanitarian actors and the donors as well as between humanitarian actors and their recipients. At the end, the relationship continues to be highly controversial.
PENICILLIN PRODUCTION BY MUTANT OF Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Hardianto Dudi , . Suyanto , Prabandari Erwahyuni Endang , Windriawati Lira , Marwanta Edy , . Tarwadi 
Published: December 2017

Penisilin adalah antibiotika yang pertama kali ditemukan dan digunakan untuk pengobatan infeksi bakteri. Sejak ditemukan penisilin sebagai antibiotika oleh Alexander Fleming pada tahun 1928, banyak usaha dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas Penicillium chrysogenum. Pemuliaan galur untuk meningkatkan produksi penisilin dapat menggunakan mutasi acak secara fisika dan kimia. Pada penelitian ini, radiasi sinar ultraviolet digunakan untuk mendapatkan mutan P. chrysogenum. Produksi penisilin ditentukan menggunakan HPLC dan produktivitas mutan dibandingkan dengan induk P. chrysogenum. Mutan M12 menghasilkan penisilin 1,23 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan induk P. chrysogenum.Kata kunci: Penisilin, Penicillium chrysogenum, ultraviolet, mutan, radiasi ABSTRACTPenicillin is the first antibiotic discovered and used for treatment of bacterial infections. Since the discovery of penicillin as antibiotic by Alexander Fleming in 1928, much effort has been invested to improve productivity of Penicillium chrysogenum. Strain improvement to increase the penicillin production can be carried out by physical and chemical random mutation. In this research, ultraviolet irradiation was used to obtain P. chrysogenum mutant. Penicillin production was determined by using HPLC and productivity of P. chrysogenum mutants was compared to the wild type. Mutant M12 produced 1.23 fold higher penicillin than the wild type did.Keywords: Penicillin, Penicillium chrysogenum, ultraviolet, mutant, radiation
PEMANFAATAN BIOFUNGISIDA BERBAHAN AKTIF <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BUAH KAKAO
Authors: Nawfetrias Winda , Nurhangga Eka , . Sutardjo 
Published: December 2017

Cocoa black pod rot is caused by pathogenic fungi, Phytophtora palmivora, which decrease the cocoa production up to 90%. The use of biological control agents, Trichoderma spp., is one of the promising P. palmivora controllers since it is low-cost, easily found and safe for the environment. The aims of this research were to understand the compatibility, antagonistic and effectiveness of biofungicide containing active ingredient of Trichoderma spp. against P. palmivora in vitro and to test the effective concentration of biofungicide containing active ingredient of T. asperellum to control P. palmivora in vitro and in vivo. T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. viride were grown together on PDA medium to test their compatibility. Antagonistic and effectiveness test of Trichoderma spp. against P. palmivora were tested using the in vitro dual culture method. The effectiveness of T. asperellum biofungicide was tested in vivo on cocoa pot. Compatibility test showed that all three species were compatible and the best effectiveness showed by the combination of T. asperellum and T. viride. The result also showed that T. asperellum biofungicide had an ability to inhibit P. palmivora. Keywords: Trichoderma spp., effectivity, compatibility, antagonistic, biofungicide ABSTRAKPenyakit busuk buah kakao disebabkan cendawan patogen Phytophtora palmivora, yang dapat menurunkan produksi kakao sampai 90%. Penggunaan agensia pengendali hayati (APH), Trichoderma spp., merupakan salah satu pengendalian P. palmivora yang menjanjikan karena murah, mudah didapat dan aman terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesesuaian, antagonistik, dan efektivitas biofungisida berbahan aktif Trichoderma spp. secara in vitro. Di samping itu juga bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi efektif biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum untuk mengendalikan P. palmivora secara in vitro dan in vivo. T. asperellum, T. harzianum, dan T. viride, ditumbuhkan bersama pada media PDA untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antarspesies. Antagonistik dan efektivitas Trichoderma spp. terhadap P. palmivora secara in vitro diuji menggunakan metode dual culture. Biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum diuji efektivitasnya secara in vivo pada buah kakao. Hasil uji kesesuaian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga spesies yang diuji berkesesuaian dan efektifitas terbaik ditunjukkan pada kombinasi T. asperellum dan T. viride. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum dengan konsentrasi tertinggi terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan P. palmivora.Kata kunci: Trichoderma spp., efektivitas, kesesuaian, antagonis, biofungisida
KAJIAN PROSES PRODUKSI PUPUK HAYATI BIO-SRF DAN PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITASNYA PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH
Authors: Sukmadi R Bambang , Supriyo Agus , Rupaedah Bedah , Mira Farida Rosana , Bakhtiar Yenni , Ali Asep , Sugianto Mahmud 
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to assess the production process of biofertilizer Bio-SRF and determine its effectiveness on the growth and productivity of shallot plants. The Study of biofertilizer Bio-SRF production covering the cultivation of microbial cell biomass, granulation, and formulation of biofertilizer products. Testing the effectiveness of biofertilizers on shallot plants using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replicates, involving nine biofertilizers treatments and one control. The results showed that the population of cells on the granulated biofertilizer Bio-SRF was Corynebacterium sp. 4 x 107 cfu/g, Lactobacillus sp. 3.8 x 107 cfu/g, Burkholderia seminalis 7.4 x 108 cfu/g, Pseudomonas stutzeri 4.5 x 108 cfu/g and 60 mycorrhizal spores/g products. The effectiveness test showed that the biofertilizer treatments significantly affected plant height, the number of bulbs, weight of wet and dried bulbs produced. Application of biofertilizer Bio-SRF on shallot plants gave the best results of plant height 34.80 cm at harvest time, the number of bulbs per plant 4.78 bulb, weight of wet bulbs 3,81 kg/m2, weight of dried bulbs 3,27 kg/m2 and increased the yield of shallot production by 55.71% compared with no biofertilizer application.Keywords: Biofertilizer, Bio-SRF, production process, effectivity test, shallot plant ABSTRAKBio-SRF merupakan formula produk pupuk hayati yang mengandung campuran beberapa jenis mikroba penyubur tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses produksi pupuk hayati Bio-SRF dan mengetahui efektivitasnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman bawang merah. Kajian produksi pupuk hayati Bio-SRF meliputi perbanyakan biomassa sel mikroba, granulasi dan formulasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi sel pada produk pupuk hayati Bio-SRF bentuk granul adalah Corynebacterium sp. 4 x 107 cfu/g, Lactobacillus sp. 3,8 x 107 cfu/g, Burkholderia seminalis 7,4 x 108 cfu/g, Pseudomonas stutzeri 4,5 x 108 cfu/g dan mikoriza 60 spora/g produk. Hasil uji efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah umbi, bobot basah dan bobot kering umbi bawang merah yang dihasilkan. Aplikasi pupuk hayati Bio-SRF pada tanaman bawang merah memberikan hasil terbaik yaitu dengan tinggi tanaman saat panen 34,80 cm, jumlah umbi per tanaman 4,78 umbi, berat basah umbi 3,81 kg/m2, berat kering umbi 3,27 kg/m2 dan dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi bawang merah sebesar 55,71% dibandingkan dengan tanpa aplikasi pupuk hayati.Kata kunci: Pupuk hayati, Bio-SRF, proses produksi, uji efektivitas, bawang merah
BIOKONVERSI SEFALOSPORIN C MENJADI ASAM 7-AMINOSEFALOSPORANAT DENGAN SEFALOSPORIN ASILASE
Authors: Hardianto Dudi , Isdiyono Bima Wedana , Ivan Fransiskus Xaverius 
Published: December 2017

Cephalosporins are the most widely used class of β-lactam antibiotic in the world and clinically active against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Cephalosporin C (CPC) is naturally produced by fungus Cephalosporiun acremonium. CPC has moderate antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 25-100 µg/mL and 12-25 µg/mL for gram-positive and for gram-negative bacteria, respectively. CPC can be converted into 7-aminocephalosporonic acid (7-ACA) as intermediate compound for cephalosporin derivatives by two-steps or one-step enzymatic method. Two-step enzymatic method uses D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) to produce glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid (GL 7-ACA) for the first step and GL-7-ACA acylase to produce 7-ACA for the second step. One-step enzymatic method uses CPC acylase to convert CPC into 7-ACA directly. Some microorganisms produce CPC acylase, such as Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus megaterium, Aeromonas sp., dan Arthrobacler. A natural CPC acylase has low activity and genetic engineering was used to increase its activity.Keywords: Cephalosporin, cephalosporin acylase, 7-ACA, genetic engineering, mutation ABSTRAKSefalosporin merupakan antibiotik golongan β-laktam yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia dan secara klinis aktif terhadap bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif. Sefalosporin C merupakan sefalosporin alami yang dihasilkan oleh kapang Cephalosporium acremonium. Sefalosporin C mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri moderat dengan nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum 25-100 µg/mL untuk bakteri gram positif dan 12-25 µg/mL untuk bakteri gram negatif. Sefalosporin C dapat diubah menjadi asam 7-aminosefalosporanat (7-ACA) sebagai senyawa antara untuk pembuatan turunan sefalosporin dengan metode enzimatik secara dua atau satu tahap. Produksi 7-ACA secara enzimatik dapat menggunakan metode dua tahap dan satu tahap enzimatik. Metode enzimatik secara dua tahap menggunakan enzim asam D-amino oksidase (DAAO) untuk menghasilkan asam glutaril-7-aminosefalosporinat (GL-7-ACA) pada tahap pertama dan menggunakan asam glutaril-7-aminosefalosporinat asilase untuk menghasilkan 7-ACA pada tahap kedua. Metode enzimatik secara satu tahap menggunakan sefalosporin asilase untuk mengubah CPC menjadi 7-ACA secara langsung. Beberapa mikroorganisme penghasil sefalosporin asilase yaitu Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus megaterium, Aeromonas sp., dan Arthrobacter. Aktivitas CPC asilase alami sangat rendah dan rekayasa genetik digunakan untuk meningkatkan aktivitasnya.Kata kunci : Sefalosporin, sefalosporin asilase, 7-ACA, rekayasa genetik, mutasi