bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of common breast implants and implant-related complications: A pictorial essay
Authors: Shah Amisha T , Jankharia Bijal B 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe number of women undergoing breast implant procedures is increasing exponentially. It is, therefore, imperative for a radiologist to be familiar with the normal and abnormal imaging appearances of common breast implants. Diagnostic imaging studies such as mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used to evaluate implant integrity, detect abnormalities of the implant and its surrounding capsule, and detect breast conditions unrelated to implants. Magnetic resonance imaging of silicone breast implants, with its high sensitivity and specificity for detecting implant rupture, is the most reliable modality to asses implant integrity. Whichever imaging modality is used, the overall aim of imaging breast implants is to provide the pertinent information about implant integrity, detect implant failures, and to detect breast conditions unrelated to the implants, such as cancer.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of complications following hip replacement: A pictorial review
Authors: Pilania Khushboo , Jankharia Bhavin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHip replacement surgery helps millions of people worldwide walk painlessly each year. With increasing life spans and decreased clinical threshold for surgery, this number will continue to rise. With the increase in the number of surgeries and the longevity of implants, the need for early and prompt diagnosis of complications is also rising. This essay underlines the fact that magnetic resonance imaging on a 1.5T scanner with specialized metal artefact reduction sequences is a viable technique to image the post-arthroplasty hip and has vast potential in the prompt and early diagnosis of complications in these patients.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sharma Arun , Gulati Gurpreet S , Parakh Neeraj , Aggarwal Abhinav 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a morbid condition associated with complications such as hemoptysis, right heart failure, paradoxical embolism, and even death. There is no known association of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Possible hypothesis for this association is an increased pulmonary vascular resistance leading to the compensatory formation of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. We present one such case presenting with hemoptysis that was managed with endovascular treatment.
Characterization of lesions in dense breasts: Does tomosynthesis help?
Authors: Rangarajan Krithika , Hari Smriti , Thulkar Sanjay , Sharma Sanjay , Srivastava Anurag , Parshad Rajinder 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Context: Mammography in dense breasts is challenging due to lesion obscuration by tissue overlap. Does tomosynthesis offers a solution? Aims: To study the impact of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in characterizing lesions in breasts of different mammographic densities. Settings and Design: Prospective blinded study comparing mammography in two views with Mammography + Tomosynthesis. Methods and Material: Tomosynthesis was performed in 199 patients who were assigned Breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) categories 0, 3, 4, or 5 on two-dimensional (2D) mammogram. Mammograms were first categorized into one of 4 mammographic breast densities in accordance with the American College of Radiology (ACR). Three radiologists independently analyzed these images and assigned a BIRADS category first based on 2D mammogram alone, and then assigned a fresh BIRADS category after taking mammography and tomosynthesis into consideration. A composite gold-standard was used in the study (histopathology, ultrasound, follow-up mammogram, magnetic resonance imaging). Each lesion was categorized into 3 groups—superior categorization with DBT, no change in BIRADS, or inferior BIRADS category based on comparison with the gold-standard. The percentage of lesions in each group was calculated for different breast densities. Results: There were 260 lesions (ages 28–85). Overall, superior categorization was seen in 21.2% of our readings on addition of DBT to mammography. DBT was most useful in ACR Densities 3 and 4 breasts where it led to more appropriate categorization in 27 and 42% of lesions, respectively. DBT also increased diagnostic confidence in 54.5 and 63.6% of lesions in ACR Densities 3 and 4, respectively. Conclusions: In a diagnostic setting, the utility of tomosynthesis increases with increasing breast density. This helps in identifying the sub category of patients where DBT can actually change management.
Spontaneous external auditory canal cholesteatoma in a young male: Imaging findings and differential diagnoses
Authors: Aswani Yashant , Varma Ravi , Achuthan Gayathri 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA cholesteatoma is a non-neoplastic lesion of the petrous temporal bone commonly described as “skin in the wrong place.” It typically arises within the middle ear cavity, may drain externally via tympanic membrane (mural type), or may originate in the external auditory canal (EAC). The latter type is rarely encountered and typically affects the elderly. EAC cholesteatoma poses diagnostic challenges because it has numerous differential diagnoses. The present case describes a 19-year-old male who presented with gradually progressive diminution of hearing in a previously naïve right ear since 8 months. A soft tissue attenuation lesion confined to the right EAC with erosion of the canal on computed tomography prompted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lesion showed restricted diffusion on MRI. Thus, a diagnosis of spontaneous EAC cholesteatoma was established. The case elucidates the rarity of spontaneous EAC cholesteatoma in a young male. In addition, it describes the role of imaging to detect, delineate the extent, and characterize lesions of petrous temporal bone. The case also discusses common differential diagnoses of EAC cholesteatoma, as well as the importance of diffusion weighted imaging in EAC cholesteatoma similar to its middle ear counterpart.
Amplatzer vascular plug as an embolic agent in different vascular pathologies: A pictorial essay
Authors: Tresley Jonathan , Bhatia Shivank , Kably Issam , Poozhikunnath Mohan Prasoon , Salsamendi Jason , Narayanan Govindarajan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP) is a cylindrical plug made of self-expanding nitinol wire mesh with precise delivery control, which can be used for a variety of vascular pathologies. An AVP is an ideal vascular occlusion device particularly in high-flow vessels, where there is high risk of migration and systemic embolization with traditional occlusion devices. We performed 28 embolizations using the AVP from 2009 to 2014 and achieved complete occlusion without complications.
Bilateral nasolabial cysts - case report and review of literature
Authors: Patil Aruna R , Singh Abhinav Pratap , Nandikoor Shrivalli , Meganathan Prabhu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNasolabial cyst is a non-odontogenic, extraosseous, soft tissue cyst, commonly unilateral, located in the nasolabial fold. Bilateral nasolabial cysts are of rare occurrence. This case report describes the multimodality imaging appearance of bilateral nasolabial cysts with a review of literature.
Percutaneous repair of iatrogenic subclavian artery injury by suture-mediated closure device
Authors: Chivate Rahul S , Kulkarni Suyash S , Shetty Nitin S , Polnaya Ashwin M , Gala Kunal B , Patel Paresh G 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCentral venous catheterization through internal jugular vein is done routinely in intensive care units. It is generally safe, more so when the procedure is performed under ultrasound guidance. However, there could be inadvertent puncture of other vessels in the neck when the procedure is not performed under real-time sonographic guidance. Closure of this vessel opening can pose a challenge if it is an artery, in a location difficult to compress, and is further complicated by deranged coagulation profile. Here, we discuss the removal of an inadvertently placed catheter from subclavian artery with closure of arteriotomy percutaneously using arterial suture-mediated closure device.
Stability for the Brunn-Minkowski and Riesz Rearrangement Inequalities, with Applications to Gaussian Concentration and Finite Range Non-local Isoperimetry
Authors: Carlen Eric , Maggi Francesco 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe provide a simple, general argument to obtain improvements of concentration-type inequalities starting from improvements of their corresponding isoperimetric-type inequalities. We apply this argument to obtain robust improvements of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality (for Minkowski sums between generic sets and convex sets) and of the Gaussian concentration inequality. The former inequality is then used to obtain a robust improvement of the Riesz rearrangement inequality under certain natural conditions. These conditions are compatible with the applications to a finite-range nonlocal isoperimetric problem arising in statistical mechanics
Construction and Analysis of an Adapted Spectral Finite Element Method to Convective Acoustic Equations
Authors: Hüppe Andreas , Cohen Gary , Imperiale Sébastien , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe paper addresses the construction of a non spurious mixed spectral finite element (FE) method to problems in the field of computational aeroacoustics. Based on a computational scheme for the conservation equations of linear acoustics, the extension towards convected wave propagation is investigated. In aeroacoustic applications, the mean flow effects can have a significant impact on the generated sound field even for smaller Mach numbers. For those convective terms, the initial spectral FE discretization leads to non-physical, spurious solutions. Therefore, a regularization procedure is proposed and qualitatively investigated by means of discrete eigenvalues analysis of the discrete operator in space. A study of convergence and an application of the proposed scheme to simulate the flow induced sound generation in the process of human phonation underlines stability and validity.
Songs as Elements in the Generic Structure of Film Musicals
Authors: Plemenitaš Katja 
Published: June 2016

The paper focuses on the description of film musicals as a subgenre of the genre family of musicals. Their dramatic structure is examined in terms of the generic elements that constitute the progression of a story expressed through the combination of spoken dialogue, songs and dance. The function of songs in the generic structure of film musicals is examined in the framework of the systemic-functional theory of register and genre. Special attention is given to the role of songs in the unfolding of the narrative. The theoretical observations about the role of songs in the register and genre of film musicals are then illustrated with an analysis of the use of songs in the TV musical High School Musical 2.
The widening gap of gender inequality in Nigerian politics: Advocating a quota system approach
Authors: Okorie Martha 
Published: June 2016

In Nigeria, only 25 out of 360 members of the Nigerian House of Representative are women and following the 2015 general elections, that number reduced to 17 out of 360. This is undoubtedly a consequence of gender inequality in the pursuit of political opportunities in Nigeria. A number of scholars have suggested that structural problems like the patriarchy and restricted economic opportunities for women is mainly responsible for their unequal representation in the country’s politics. In fact, Nigeria has one of the lowest rates of female entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation, coupled with their socio-culturally ascribed roles as being restricted to motherhood or wife only serves to deepen their exclusion. Advocates on gender equality in Nigeria have noted that a viable means of reducing the gender gap would be the use of affirmative action which provides an institutional and legal framework for marginalized groups of the society to have equal representation. The counter-argument so far has been that the constitution of Nigeria does not prevent any gender from aspiring to electoral position, but prevailing evidence has shown that this is not enough. This research paper therefore argues that for Nigeria to breach the gender inequality gap, it has to introduce quota system just like in federal appointments and in the educational sector to improve female representation in politics and by extension women voices within the political discourse.Keywords: Gender inequality, Nigerian politics, Quota system approach
Challenges of Nigeria’s foreign policy
Authors: Enuka Chuka , Ojukwu Emmanuel C. 
Published: June 2016

Nigeria’s foreign policy like those of every other elsewhere, is hoped to achieve for the benefit of Nigeria and Nigerians, the aspired goals and articulated interests of the Nigerian state. This expectation, by the judgment of many informed Nigerians, is yet to be fully realized. Nigeria’s foreign policy inter alia, has failed to work out the transformation of Nigeria’s status and Nigerians’ lives from where it is, to where it should be. What possibly could answer for this foreign policy failure? In response to the puzzle, this paper excurses into the mixed and myriad challenges that have vexed Nigeria’s foreign policy from the formative years of her foreign policy formulation and implementation to the present. The finding is that the persistence of these challenges due to neglect, bad and irresponsible leadership is debilitating to Nigeria’s foreign policy output and has made foreign policy performance leave much to be desired. The paper concludes with a number of recommended suggestions as a panacea to the identified teething challenges.
Sexual predators or preys: Inter-racial sexual relationships in Jude Dibia’s novels
Authors: Okolo Ifeyinwa Genevieve 
Published: June 2016

Traditional gender role assignment perceives sexual predation as specifically male with the female as the prey while colonial studies usually interpret the West as predatory with Africa as its prey. Using the psychoanalytical concept of “othering”, this paper studies inter-racial sexual relations/relationships in Jude Dibia’s novels – Unbridled, Walking with Shadows, and Blackbird – to show that the role of prey or predator is not domiciled with any gender or race but in the individual. The definition of prey/predator is greatly influenced by immediate environment. Both men and women could be sexual preys and/or predators given their socioeconomic standing, socio-cultural and religious positioning or beliefs/practices. Dibia in his novels shows how sexual behaviours, identities, and perceptions are defined and redefined depending on where the centre or margin is located at the point of definition.Keywords: sexual predation, race, othering, and masculinity
Relevance and commitment in Ezenwa-Ohaeto’s pidgin poetry collections
Authors: Ezeji Ogechi Blessing 
Published: June 2016

The question of relevance and commitment is a recurring one in African literature written in Standard English. This paper seeks to ask the same question with regards to poetry in Pidgin English. The question then becomes- is the poet who writes in pidgin English as committed to the social course of his society as his counterpart who writes in Standard English? If the above question is answered in the affirmative, a follow up question will be: Is there any relationship between his form, in this case, Pidgin English and the content of the message? If this question is also answered in the affirmative, the next question will be:- to what extent do form and content intertwine to give the reader a completely rewarding poetic experience. These questions are answered through the review of Ezenwa-Ohaeto’s pidgin poetry collections. The paper makes use of the Marxist critical theory.
An experimental seasonal hydrological forecasting system over the Yellow River basin – Part 2: The added value from climate forecast models
Authors: Yuan Xing 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This is the second paper of a two-part series on introducing an experimental seasonal hydrological forecasting system over the Yellow River basin in northern China. While the natural hydrological predictability in terms of initial hydrological conditions (ICs) is investigated in a companion paper, the added value from eight North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) climate forecast models with a grand ensemble of 99 members is assessed in this paper, with an implicit consideration of human-induced uncertainty in the hydrological models through a post-processing procedure. The forecast skill in terms of anomaly correlation (AC) for 2 m air temperature and precipitation does not necessarily decrease over leads but is dependent on the target month due to a strong seasonality for the climate over the Yellow River basin. As there is more diversity in the model performance for the temperature forecasts than the precipitation forecasts, the grand NMME ensemble mean forecast has consistently higher skill than the best single model up to 6 months for the temperature but up to 2 months for the precipitation. The NMME climate predictions are downscaled to drive the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) land surface hydrological model and a global routing model regionalized over the Yellow River basin to produce forecasts of soil moisture, runoff and streamflow. And the NMME/VIC forecasts are compared with the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction method (ESP/VIC) through 6-month hindcast experiments for each calendar month during 1982–2010. As verified by the VIC offline simulations, the NMME/VIC is comparable to the ESP/VIC for the soil moisture forecasts, and the former has higher skill than the latter only for the forecasts at long leads and for those initialized in the rainy season. The forecast skill for runoff is lower for both forecast approaches, but the added value from NMME/VIC is more obvious, with an increase of the average AC by 0.08–0.2. To compare with the observed streamflow, both the hindcasts from NMME/VIC and ESP/VIC are post-processed through a linear regression model fitted by using VIC offline-simulated streamflow. The post-processed NMME/VIC reduces the root mean squared error (RMSE) from the post-processed ESP/VIC by 5–15 %. And the reduction occurs mostly during the transition from wet to dry seasons. With the consideration of the uncertainty in the hydrological models, the added value from climate forecast models is decreased especially at short leads, suggesting the necessity of improving the large-scale hydrological models in human-intervened river basins.
RM Pressfit® Cup: Good Preliminary Results at 5 to 8 Years Follow-Up for 189 Patients
Authors: Erivan Roger , Eymond Gabriel , Villatte Guillaume , Mulliez Aurélien , Myriam Galvin , Descamps Stéphane , Boisgard Stéphane 
Published: June 2016

Aim The RM Classic® cup shows very good results. The RM Pressfit® cup has an equatorial pressfit; it is a monoblock implant without metalback. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the survival of this implant, monitoring patients for at least 5 years in all consecutive cases operated in our centre. Methods Between February 2006 and December 2008, our department performed 189 consecutive nonselected primary total hip arthroplasties using the RM® Pressfit cup, and all of these were included in the study. The operative technique involved an anterolateral approach. The latest follow-up evaluation was performed at a minimum of 5 years after the index arthroplasty. Results The mean follow-up was 6.5 years (5-8 years). We had preoperative information for 186 of the 189 patients. 102 patients were seen in consultation (54.0%), 46 (24.3%) patients were contacted by phone, 37 (19.6%) patients died, and 4 patients (2.1%) were lost for unknown reasons. Of the 189 arthroplasties, 6 (3.2%) required revision; 4 (2.1%) for infection, 1 (0.5%) for significant haematoma with persistent deglobulisation and 1 (0.5%) for periprosthetic calcification during the 5 to 8 years following the operation. No hip was revised because of aseptic loosening. The mean annual wear rate based on the last follow-up at 5 years minimum was 0.065 mm per year. We observed no migration, 1 femoral loosening and no acetabular loosening. Conclusions Our study finds a good survival rate which is compatible with the 94% at 20 years with RM Classic®. These results are suggestive but must be confirmed with long-term studies.
Anodic Oxidation as a Means to Produce Memristive Films
Authors: Diamanti Maria Vittoria , Pisoni Riccardo , Cologni Andrea , Brenna Andrea , Corinto Fernando , Pedeferri MariaPia 
Published: June 2016

Purpose In the past few years there has been growing interest in memristive devices. These devices rely on thin metal oxide films with a peculiar structure and composition, making precise control of oxide features vital. To this end, anodic oxidation allows a very large range of oxides to be formed on the surface of valve metals, whose thickness, structure and functional properties depend on the process parameters introduced. This work reports how memristive anodic oxides were obtained on titanium and other valve metals, such as niobium and tantalum. Methods Anodic oxidation was performed on valve metals by immersion in H2SO4 or H3PO4 electrolytes and application of voltages ranging from 10 to 90 V. The memristive behavior was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Results The behavior of differently grown oxides was compared to identify the best conditions to achieve good memristive performances. High voltages were identified as not suitable due to the excessive oxide thickness, while below 20 V the film was not thick and uniform enough to give a good response. Surface preparation also played a major role in the observation of memristive properties. Conclusions Optimal surface preparation and anodizing conditions were seen to give high memristive perfomances on both titanium and niobium oxides, while on tantalum oxides no reproducibility was achieved.
Evaluation of Physical Properties of a Nanocomposite after Aging, Bleaching and Staining
Authors: Gouveia Thayla H.N. , Públio Juliana C. , Ambrosano Gláucia M.B. , Paulillo Luís A.M.S. , Aguiar Flávio H.B. , Lima Débora A.N.L. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose The objective of the in vitro study was to assess the effect accelerated artificial aging, bleaching agents and coffee staining on the color, gloss, roughness and microhardness of a nanocomposite. Materials and Methods 120 (7 × 2 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 60) depending on the aging. Each group was further subdivided into 6 subgroups (n = 10) according to the bleaching and staining as follows: 10% carbamide peroxide (10% CP), 10% CP + staining, 35% hydrogen peroxide (35% HP), 35% HP + staining, without bleaching treatment (WB) and WB + staining. Scanning electron microscopy was performed for qualitative analysis of the resin surface. Data were submitted to 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. As for ∆E, multiple comparisons were performed by using Tukey's and Dunnett's tests (α = 0.05). Results The bleaching reduced significantly the microhardness of the nanocomposite in without aging groups. All physical properties were found to be negatively changed after the aging process, with bleaching treatment with 10% CP increasing significantly the roughness and loss of gloss compared to the 35% HP. Staining reduced microhardness of both with and without aging nanocomposite as well as the color of the former ( E>25), a significantly different result compared to controls. Conclusions The bleaching reduced the microhardness of the nanocomposite, whereas the aging process changed all the properties studied. The bleaching favored extrinsic staining of the with aging nanocomposite.