bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective Optimization of Total Monomeric Anthocyanins and Total Flavonoids Contents in Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction from Purple Potato Tubers
Authors: Woinaroschy Alexandru , Damşa Florentina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe total monomeric anthocyanins (TAC) and total flavonoids (except anthocyanins) contents (TFC) in ultrasound‐assisted extraction from purple potato tubers have been established by analytical methods. In order to study the influences of two ultrasound‐assisted extraction parameters (sonification time and solvent/solid ratio) on TAC and TFC, a 23 experimental design was performed. The second‐order polynomials calculated by regression have shown very good predictions. The sensitivity of the considered ultrasound‐assisted extraction parameters have been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. The simultaneous maximization of TAC and TFC was the aim of a multiobjective optimization problem which has been solved by two methods, namely weighted sum and Pareto‐optimal front. The maximum of TAC is obtained for the lower bound value of sonification time (5 min) and for a solvent/solid ratio of 20.66. The maximum of TFC is obtained for a sonification time of 13.39 min and for a solvent/solid ratio of 21.09.Practical ApplicationsAnthocyanins and flavonoids present an important antioxidative activity and can play an important role in protection against neuronal and cardiovascular diseases, cataract, cancer, diabetes and aging‐related disorders. This research explored the use of polynomial regression of experimental data, sensitivity analysis and multiobjective optimization to find the best values of sonification time and solvent/solid ratio for maximization of total monomeric anthocyanins and total flavonoids contents in ultrasound‐assisted extraction from purple potato tubers. Both multiobjective optimization methods used here give large sets of optimal solutions. From these can be selected the solution corresponding to the best compromise of two objectives. On the base of the experimental and mathematical investigations it is proposed a small scale, batch industrial process.
Qualitative Detection of Fungal Contamination in Paprika Powder
Authors: Vyhnánek Tomáš , Machálková Zuzana , Trojan Václav , Hanáček Pavel , Šafránková Ivana , Havel Ladislav 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDried red pepper is one of the most commonly used spices in many parts of the world. In this study molecular biology methods were applied for detection of contamination in nine samples of paprika powder. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions were selected for sequencing as they have a high variability between species and organisms and therefore are an appropriate tool for taxonomic identification. The sequence analysis of the ITS regions were identified by high sequence similarity with the ITS regions of many microscopic fungi, especially representatives of the class Ascomycota and several other yeast species. This work was a qualitative rather than a quantitative detection, so the extent to which fungi and yeasts were present in the samples is unknown. However, supplied quality certificates (microbiological data) indicated the overall quality of samples. Harmful microorganisms were identified in the paprika powder samples and the likely mode of contamination was identified.Practical ApplicationThe presence of undesirable pathogens can be a serious problem for consumers, especially contamination by microscopic fungi that have the potential to produce mycotoxins. Today's conventional methods for determining contamination by microorganisms are time consuming and can be difficult to identify some less common types of pathogens. Fungal DNA (ITS regions) sequences of the class Ascomycetes were identified from samples of sweet and hot paprika powder.
Evidence for a Notch1‐mediated transition during olfactory ensheathing cell development
Authors: Miller Sophie R. , Perera Surangi N. , Benito Cristina , Stott Simon R. W. , Baker Clare V. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique glial population found in both the peripheral and central nervous system: they ensheath bundles of unmyelinated olfactory axons from their peripheral origin in the olfactory epithelium to their central synaptic targets in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Like all other peripheral glia (Schwann cells, satellite glia, enteric glia), OECs are derived from the embryonic neural crest. However, in contrast to Schwann cells, whose development has been extensively characterised, relatively little is known about their normal development in vivo. In the Schwann cell lineage, the transition from multipotent Schwann cell precursor to immature Schwann cell is promoted by canonical Notch signalling. Here, in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry data from chicken, mouse and human embryos are presented that suggest a canonical Notch‐mediated transition also occurs during OEC development.
Pain and concomitant symptoms in medical and elective surgical inpatients: a point prevalence survey
Authors: Ludvigsen Eirin Sigurdssøn , Flæten Øystein Øygarden , Gay Caryl L , TarAngen Magnus , Granheim Tove Irene , Lerdal Anners 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study (1) reports the prevalence of severe pain and other symptoms among both medical and elective surgical patients and (2) examines the co‐occurrence of severe pain and other symptoms and symptom‐related distress.BackgroundAs symptom burden can interfere with patients’ rehabilitation, daily activities and quality of life, detection and optimal management of pain and other symptoms is important for good nursing care.DesignCross‐sectional point prevalence survey.MethodsData were collected by self‐report on 10 predetermined screening days from medical and surgical patients admitted to a local hospital in Oslo, Norway. Patients rated their average level of pain on movement during the last 24 hours on a 0–10 numeric rating scale (severe pain defined as ≥7). The occurrence of other symptoms and symptom distress were measured with 15 items from the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Data on comorbidities were also collected.ResultsA total of 602 patients participated in the study (response rate = 71%). Medical patients had a higher incidence of symptoms than surgical patients and reported more symptom distress. Surgical patients reported higher levels of pain than medical patients, but the prevalence of severe pain did not differ between the two groups. In analyses adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities, severe pain among medical patients was associated with severe distress due to concentration difficulties, vomiting, itching and swelling, while severe pain among surgical patients was associated with the occurrence of drowsiness.ConclusionAssociations between severe pain and other symptoms differ for medical and elective surgical patients.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of concurrent symptoms and comorbidities in medical and surgical patients experiencing severe pain may help nurses to better tailor management of the patients’ symptoms and improve quality of care.
Bidirectional Relationships Between Parenting Processes and Deviance in a Sample of Inner‐City African American Youth
Authors: Harris Charlene , Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Bolland John M. 
Published: June 2016

This study assessed bidirectional relationships among supportive parenting (knowledge), negative parenting (permissiveness), and deviance in a sample (N = 5,325) of poor, inner‐city African American youth from the Mobile Youth Survey over 4 years. Cross‐lagged path analysis provided evidence of significant bidirectional paths among parenting processes (knowledge and permissiveness) and deviance over time. Follow‐up multigroup tests provided only modest evidence of dissimilar relationships by sex and by developmental periods. The findings improve our understanding of developmental changes between parenting behaviors and deviance during adolescence and extend current research of the bidirectionality of parent and child relationships among inner‐city African American youth.
Patterns of Adolescent Regulatory Responses During Family Conflict and Mental Health Trajectories
Authors: Koss Kalsea J. , Cummings E. Mark , Davies Patrick T. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: June 2016

Four distinct patterns of adolescents' behavioral, emotional, and physiological responses to family conflict were identified during mother–father–adolescent (M = 13.08 years) interactions. Most youth displayed adaptively regulated patterns comprised of low overt and subjective distress. Under‐controlled adolescents exhibited elevated observable and subjective anger. Over‐controlled adolescents were withdrawn and reported heightened subjective distress. Physiologically reactive adolescents had elevated cortisol coupled with low overt and subjective distress. Regulation patterns were associated with unique mental health trajectories. Under‐controlled adolescents had elevated conduct and peer problems whereas over‐controlled adolescents had higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. Physiologically reactive adolescents had low concurrent, but increasing levels of depressive, anxiety, and peer problem symptoms. Findings underscore the importance of examining organizations of regulatory strategies in contributing to adolescent mental health.
Piety, Brotherhood and Power: The Role and Significance of Emotions in Albert of Aachen'sHistoria Ierosolimitana
Authors: Spencer Stephen J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article explores the role and significance of emotions in theHistoria Ierosolimitanaattributed to Albert of Aachen, long recognised as one of the most detailed and colourful histories of the First Crusade and the early years of Latin settlement in the East. Rather than attempting to reconstruct the crusaders' lived passions, it analyses the comments the author made about emotions and the ways in which emotion terms functioned in his history. It will be argued that emotions interacted with, and helped to communicate, a number of key themes in Albert'sHistoria, three of which are discussed here: crusader piety; Christian brotherhood; and power. At the same time, through a comparison with contemporaneous narratives of the First Crusade, it will be suggested that the emotional content of Albert'sHistoriais not without historical value, for it offers a window onto wider social and cultural conceptions of emotions in the 12th century.
Body Talk: Gestures of Emotion in Late Medieval England
Authors: Murphy Paul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe affective turn in medieval studies has produced insightful scholarship into the embodied nature of late medieval religious life. While considerable attention has been paid to emotions, senses and feelings, little dedicated focus has been pinpointed on gestures and how they figure in such phenomenological perspectives. This essay seeks to illuminate some of the means by which bodily motions, particularly those mimicking biblical figures, were perceived to heighten the emotional responsiveness of devout fifteenth‐century Christians. The kinesthetic empathy detailed in the work of Reginald Pecock, Nicholas Love and Margery Kempe underlines the widespread contemporary belief in the transformative power of performance. It highlights the need to consider motion, and particularly gestural imitation, as a primary mode of emotional engagement with Christ and his followers.
Early Signs of End‐Organ Damage in Retinal Arterioles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Compared to Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Jumar Agnes , Ott Christian , Kistner Iris , Friedrich Stefanie , Michelson Georg , Harazny Joanna M. , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundEutrophic and hypertrophic remodeling are major vascular hallmarks for hypertension and diabetes‐associated microvascular end‐organ damage in peripheral arterioles. The aim of this study is to compare retinal arterioles of diabetic, hypertensive, and healthy individuals.MethodsRetinal parameters were assessed in 99 patients with T2DM, 158 hypertensive, and 149 healthy individuals. WT and CA of retinal arterioles (80–140 μm) were measured noninvasively and in vivo by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany).ResultsAfter adjustment for values differing between the groups (age, BMI, gender, HDL cholesterol and serum creatinine, systolic office BP), patients with T2DM showed no significant difference in WT (14.2 ± 3), and CA (4199 ± 1107) in comparison with hypertensive patients (WT = 13.3 ± 4, p = 0.18, CA = 3862 ± 1546, p = 0.10) and healthy individuals (WT = 13.1 ± 3, p = 0.55, CA = 3864 ± 1216, p = 0.86). However, the subgroup of patients with diabetes duration of more than 60 months showed greater WT (14.9 ± 4, p = 0.04) and CA (4557 ± 1137, p = 0.02) than the hypertensive group and greater WT (p = 0.04) and CA (p = 0.03) than the healthy group, which is consistent with hypertrophic remodeling.ConclusionIn the early stage of T2DM no hypertrophic remodeling was seen in retinal arterioles. However, hypertrophic remodeling was found in diabetic patients with more than 60 months duration of disease.
Dispensable chromosomes in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: Vlaardingerbroek Ido , Beerens Bas , Schmidt Sarah M. , Cornelissen Ben J. C. , Rep Martijn 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYThe genomes of many filamentous fungi consist of a ‘core’ part containing conserved genes essential for normal development as well as conditionally dispensable (CD) or lineage‐specific (LS) chromosomes. In the plant‐pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, one LS chromosome harbours effector genes that contribute to pathogenicity. We employed flow cytometry to select for events of spontaneous (partial) loss of either the two smallest LS chromosomes or two different core chromosomes. We determined the rate of spontaneous loss of the ‘effector’ LS chromosome in vitro at around 1 in 35 000 spores. In addition, a viable strain was obtained lacking chromosome 12, which is considered to be a part of the core genome. We also isolated strains carrying approximately 1‐Mb deletions in the LS chromosomes and in the dispensable core chromosome. The large core chromosome 1 was never observed to sustain deletions over 200 kb. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed that some of the sites at which the deletions occurred were the same in several independent strains obtained for the two chromosomes tested, indicating the existence of deletion hotspots. For the core chromosome, this deletion hotspot was the site of insertion of the marker used to select for loss events. Loss of the core chromosome did not affect pathogenicity, whereas loss of the effector chromosome led to a complete loss of pathogenicity.
Nasopharynx is well‐suited for core temperature measurement during hypothermia therapy
Authors: Hine Kotaro , Hosono Shigeharu , Kawabata Ken , Miyabayashi Hiroshi , Kanno Keichi , Shimizu Masaki , Takahashi Shori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundRectal temperature is commonly used as the core temperature during therapeutic hypothermia therapy in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The purpose of this study was to examine whether nasopharyngeal temperature could serve as a substitute for rectal temperature.MethodsWe prospectively investigated 40 neonates with HIE who underwent therapeutic hypothermia by selective head cooling, which involved cooling the body to 34°C for 72 h. During this period, nasopharyngeal temperature was measured and compared with rectal temperature every hour.ResultsFor 40 neonates included in this study, the mean rectal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were 34.3 ± 0.4°C (n = 2920) and 34.3 ± 0.4°C (n = 2920), respectively. Nasopharyngeal temperature strongly correlated with rectal temperature (R2 = 0.623, P < 0.0001) and magnitude of the mean difference between nasopharyngeal and rectal temperature varied little during the 72 h of therapeutic hypothermia.ConclusionsNasopharyngeal temperature in neonates with perinatal HIE undergoing therapeutic hypothermia may be a suitable substitute for rectal temperature.
Incidence and risk factors of bacterial infections in children following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Single‐center experience from Jordan
Authors: Hussein Ayad Ahmed , Al‐Antary Eman T. , Najjar Rula , Al‐Zaben Abdulhadi , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBacterial infection is a serious sequela following AHSCT; however, limited data are available regarding pediatric recipients, especially in developing countries. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence and risk factors of bacterial infections during the first 100 days after AHSCT in children at KHCC in Amman, Jordan between January, 2005 and September, 2013. A total of 65 patients were identified, with median age of four yr (1–17). Forty‐seven patients (72.3%) had solid tumors and 18 (27.7%) had lymphoma. Bacterial infections were documented in 33 patients (50%), with a total of 63 episodes. Gram‐negative infection (57.1%) was more prevalent than Gram‐positive infection (38%). The risk of bacterial infections was higher among patients less than five yr of age (p = 0.028) and those who developed hypogammaglobulinemia requiring IVIG replacement (p = 0.001). Patients with solid tumors developed more bacterial infections compared to patients with lymphoma (p = 0.0057). No deaths were attributed to bacterial infection. Bacterial infection rate is high among recipients of AHSCT in Jordan with Gram‐negative bacteria being the most common.
Mechanical Properties of the Multilayer Laminated Intra-Hybrid Woven Fabric Composites
Authors: Ichikawa Daiki , Kitamura Masayuki , Yang Yuqiu , Hamada Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2016

Generally hybrid composite material is with two or more reinforcements or matrixes. They are referred as hybrid matrix and fiber hybrid. Further it is also included hybrid interface using different materials state of the interface. Therefore high functionality which compensates the disadvantages of each other by a hybrid can be expected. At current study, additionally, various strengthening forms were obtained and spread to textile material with hybrid(s). For example, techniques used in the weft and warp fibers/yarns might be different in making a fabric. It will be referred to as intra-layer hybrid fabric. It means in making fabric. It means that different physical properties due to the loading direction in one layer, the mechanical properties unique variety can be expected.
In this study, carbon/glass intra-hybrid woven fabric was used to fabricate fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite through hand lay-up method. Then, the investigation on the mechanical property and fracture behaviour was carried out. Tensile test combined with acoustic emission (AE) measurement was conducted in this research. Knee point stress was the main factor of initial damage which discussed with AE characteristics during mechanical test. Due to the difference of energy release from fracture between glass fiber and matrix, the fracture characteristics of composite could be monitored during the test through AE facility. Relation between bundle and cracks inside the materials was examined through optical microscope. Scanning electron microscope observation was also carried out to examine the fracture of materials after testing.
Flexural Behavior of Fiberglass Polymer Composite With and Without TEOS Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Shinde Dattaji K. , White Fatima T. , Kelkar Ajit D. 
Published: June 2016

High specific modulus and strength are one of the most desired properties of the materials for structural applications with applications in automotive, defense, aerospace etc. The major cause of failures in composite laminates is due to delaminations. These delaminations in composite laminates can occur due to various loadings such as, low velocity impact, fatigue etc. Conventional methods have like through the thickness stitching or Z-Pinning have limitations for improving flexural and interlaminar properties in woven composites, as while improving interlaminar properties, the in plane properties are affected. Non-woven Tetra Ethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) electrospun nanofibers (ENFs) applied at interfacial regions offer an alternative option to traditional treatments to improve the flexural properties.
This study investigates the flexural behavior of fiberglass composite interleaved with TEOS ENFs. The chemically engineered TEOS ENFs were manufactured using electrospinning technique and then sintered. The glass fiber composites with and without interleaving of non-woven TEO ENFs mats were manufactured using a heated vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (H-VARTM). The flexural strength and modulus of nanomodified composite are increased by 14% and 8% respectively; and the strain energy absorption has significantly increased up to 93% with 2% wt. of TEOS ENFs that shows significant improvement in impact resistance.
Testing and Analysis of Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems Using the Euro NCAP Vehicle Target
Authors: Schwall Matthew L. , Neal John D. , Retallack Charles J. , Larson Robert E. , Fowler Graeme F. 
Published: June 2016

Passenger cars are increasingly available equipped with Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB). AEB systems detect likely forward collisions and apply the vehicle’s brakes if the driver fails to do so, reducing vehicle speed in order to mitigate or potentially avoid a collision. The performance of these systems is experimentally evaluated in tests including those specified by the European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) and by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In both of these testing programs the subject vehicle is driven towards a Euro NCAP Vehicle Target, an inflatable device designed to have visual and radar reflective characteristics similar to the rear of a compact car.
The results reported by Euro NCAP and the IIHS have revealed significant differences in the AEB test results achieved by various AEB-equipped vehicles. Such differences exist even between vehicles with similar sensing technologies, suggesting that the source of such disparities may be differences in sensor data processing methods or differences in collision mitigation and avoidance strategies. This paper details the performance of AEB as well as Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems when tested with the Euro NCAP Vehicle Target. These results are analyzed, exploring the differences in the performance of these systems under the test conditions and discussing possible reasons for the observed disparities.