bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of Serpentine Soils Developed Over A Podiform Chromite Deposit, Western Sierra Nevada, USA
Authors: STILLINGS Lisa L. , BLECKER Steven W. 
Published: June 2017

The Chinese Camp mining district in the western Sierra Nevada of California, USA, contains a serpentinized, ultramafic dunite intrusion with podiform chromite deposits. Serpentine soils have developed over this intrusion, creating a unique ecosystem of endemic vegetation and soils characterized by low Ca/Mg ratios and high Ni and Cr contents. The vegetation and red coloration make it easy to visually distinguish between soils developed over intruded, serpentinized bedrock and unmineralized, adjacent andesite bedrock (Fig. 1).The purpose of our study was to compare soil chemistry and vegetative parameters among 3 study‐design levels: 1) undisturbed serpentine soil, 2) undisturbed background soil (non‐serpentine, developed over andesite), and 3) serpentine soil disturbed by mining activities. Within each of these levels, 3 random locations were chosen where we established 3, 30‐m transects (spaced 120‐degrees apart). One soil sample was collected at a random location along each transect (0–15 cm depth after removing litter/O horizon). This scheme resulted in the collection of 9 replicate soil samples per study‐design level.Samples were analyzed for total metal content by ICP‐AES/MS (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy), pH, electrical conductivity, and total C/N/S. The vegetative parameter of % canopy cover was measured with a line‐point intercept survey along each transect, using 0.6m intervals. Above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) was estimated by harvesting all aboveground living plant material within a 0.5 m quadrant at 3 random locations along each transect, drying, and weighting the material.Significant differences among design levels were observed for ANPP, canopy cover, total P, total N, and Ca/Mg, where the median values for these parameters decreased in the order undisturbed background> undisturbed serpentine > mining‐disturbed serpentine. The highest concentrations of Cr and Ni were found in undisturbed serpentine (medians of 1960 ppm and 2529 ppm, respectively) followed by mining‐disturbed serpentine (medians of 420 and 2120, respectively) then undisturbed non‐serpentine (medians 47.0 and 32.2 ppm, respectively). Soil pH varied significantly among the design levels with a median 5.74 in undisturbed background, median 6.25 in undisturbed serpentine, and median of 7.17 in mining‐disturbed serpentine.These data document the distinct differences in soil chemistry and vegetation parameters between undisturbed serpentine soil and adjacent, undisturbed background soil. Efforts toward mining reclamation must recognize these differences and include the correct baseline conditions in the reclamation plan.
Geochemical Characteristics of Mafic Rocks from the Xinlin Ophiolite, NE China
Authors: SUN Deyu , GUO Jun , YANG Dongguang , LI Xu 
Published: June 2017

Located in the northern part of the Xinlin–Xiguitu suture zone, geochemistry and geochronology of the Xinlin ophiolite provide a unique opportunity to determine the the evolution of the eastern Xing'an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt. The Xinlin ophiolite was initially constrained roughly 21.5 km southeast of the Xinlin town by the First Regional Geological Survey Party of Heilongjiang Province. Subsequent work has shown that the mafic and ultramafic rocks in the adjacent Tayuan town was congenetic with the Xinlin ophiolite (Fig. 1). Over the past three years we have conducted a series of studies to the Xinlin ophiolite with the aim to better understand its characteristic and tectonic implications. The present work is is to provide our preliminary geochemical data of the mafic rocks of the Xinlin ophiolite and possible “congenetic” mafic rocks in the Tayuan town.The mafic rocks of the Xinlin ophiolite including the gabbro, diabase and metabasalt show flat REE pattern [(La/Yb)N = 0.68∼1.58] and no Eu anomalies, which are transitional between normal and enriched mid‐ocean ridge basalts (N‐MORB and E‐MORB). They also exhibit flat patterns from Ba to Yb in the trace elements spider diagram, which lie between those of typical E‐MORB and N‐MORB but closer to the former. The mafic rocks in the Tayuan town consist mainly of hornblende gabbro with alkaline affinity and are characterized by enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements (Fig. 2). The obvious differences in the geochemical characteristics indicate that the mafic rocks in the Tayuan town may not be cogenetic with those of the Xinlin ophiolite. This was further corroborated by their different formation time. Our zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the gabbro in the Tayuan town was emplaced during the late Carboniferous (∼310 Ma; Fig. 3), significantly younger than the recently reported U–Pb ages for the mafic rocks of the Xinlin ophiolite (∼510 Ma; Feng, 2015). Therefore, the two units appear as independent bodies and their origin and tectonic implication need to be further examined.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Diamond and Moissanite in Ophiolite
Authors: WIEDENBECK Micheal , LIAN Dongyang 
Published: June 2017

The Cameca 1280‐HR large geometry SIMS instrument is a highly versatile analytical tool which can support a broad range of geochemical applications. Research using the Potsdam 1280 instrument focuses primarily on isotope ratio determinations in geomaterials. Optimized measurement protocols have already been established for δ18O determinations in zircon, and we are also working towards routine oxygen isotope determinations for quartz, calcite, mica, apatite and titanite. The primary challenge in developing such measurement systems are the identification and characterization of suitable reference materials (RMs), and this is made particularly challenging due to the matrix dependent ion yields of the SIMS ion source.Here we wish to report our progress towards establishing new analytical protocols for the determination of δ13C in both diamond and moissanite. In the case of diamond, our facility possesses three natural RMs with which we are able to produce data with a typical analytical repeatability of ∼0.15 ‰ (1sd). An inter‐comparison of our three diamond RMs demonstrates an overall data quality of better than 0.5‰ in terms of systematic offset between the various materials characterized using gas source mass spectrometry (Palot et al., 2012). A single such δ13C determination in diamond requires 80 s of data acquisition and involves a test portion mass of ∼400 pg of material. In‐house diamond reference materials for δ15N calibration allow us to measure this isotopic system to a total analytical uncertainty of ± 1.6 ‰ (1sd) at nitrogen concentrations reaching down to 250 μg/g. Due to the relatively low abundance of nitrogen in diamonds, such isotope ratio determinations require around 9 minutes of data collection.With respect to δ13C determinations in moissanite, we use a kimberlitic SiC as calibrant (Mathez et al., 1995), on which we achieve a repeatability of ∼0.2 ‰ (1sd) on a ∼350 pg test portion mass. Total data acquisition time for such measurements is 80 s. We are currently in the process of developing a second moissanite RM based on a synthetic, coarse‐grained powder. We will also investigate this new material for its δ30Si characteristics.
The impacts of minimum alcohol pricing on alcohol attributable morbidity in regions of British Colombia, Canada with low, medium and high mean family income
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Stockwell Tim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious research indicates that minimum alcohol pricing (MAP) is associated negatively with alcohol‐attributable (AA) hospitalizations. Modeling studies predict that this association will be stronger for people on lower incomes. The objective of this study was to test whether the association between MAP and AA hospitalizations is greater in low‐income regions.DesignCross–sectional versus time–series analysis using multivariate multi‐level effect models.SettingAll 89 Local Health Areas in British Columbia (BC), Canada, 2002–13 (48 quarters).ParticipantsBC population.MeasurementsQuarterly rates of AA hospital admissions, mean consumer price index‐adjusted minimum dollars per standard alcoholic drink and socio‐demographic covariates.FindingsFamily income was related inversely to the effect of minimum prices on rates of some types of AA morbidity. A 1% price increase was associated with reductions of 3.547% [95% confidence interval (CI) = –5.719, −1.377;P < 0.01] in low family‐income regions and 1.64% (95% CI = –2.765, −0.519;P < 0.01) across all income regions for 100% acute AA hospital admissions. Delayed (lagged) effects on chronic AA morbidity were found 2–3 years after minimum price increases for low income regions and all regions combined; a 1% increase in minimum price was associated with reductions of 2.242% (95% CI = –4.097, −0.388;P < 0.05) for 100% chronic AA and 2.474% (95% CI = −3.937, −1.011;P < 0.01) for partially chronic AA admissions for low‐income regions.ConclusionIn Canada, minimum price increases for alcohol are associated with reductions in alcohol attributable hospitalizations, especially for populations with lower income, both for immediate effects on acute hospitalizations and delayed effects on chronic hospitalizations.
Delocalization, Humanitarianism, and Human Rights: The Mediterranean Border Between Exclusion and Inclusion
Authors: Cuttitta Paolo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBy reflecting on both the exclusionary and the inclusionary role of humanitarian migration and border management in the Central Mediterranean, this paper explores the relationship of humanitarianism with the delocalization of the EU border and with human rights. First, the paper analyses the role of human rights in the institutional humanitarian discourse about migration and border management at the Mediterranean EU border. The paper then analyses the Italian operation Mare Nostrum and, more generally, Italian humanitarianized border management in the Central Mediterranean. In doing this, it shows that humanitarianism contributes to the discursive legitimation and spatial delocalization of exclusionary policies and practices. Moreover, humanitarianism contributes to a symbolically and legally subordinate inclusion of migrants in the European space. While such humanitarian inclusion can be more inclusive than what human rights would require, it is posited as an act of grace rather than an enhancement of human rights. In both its exclusionary and inclusionary dimension, humanitarianism transcends and expands territorial boundaries by outsourcing responsibilities and enhancing delocalized border management.
World Making, Critical Pedagogies, and the Geographical Imagination: Where Youth Work Meets Participatory Research
Authors: Dickens Luke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRenewed interest in the critical geographies of education has raised productive yet under‐examined synergies with reflections taking place among radical youth work and participatory research practitioners. In particular, such intersections point to important ways that the geographical imagination might advance a critical yet creative means of learning through the living material forces of everyday worlds. This paper examines this common ground through a collaborative, London‐based case study exploring young people's sense of home and belonging in the inner‐city. It argues that cross‐overs between the praxis of participatory research and youth work offer generative potential to act alongside young people in the production of autonomous geographical knowledges. Specifically, the case is made for prioritising an imaginative, experiential and intersubjective pedagogical process of “world making”, as an alternative to practices that intervene in, act upon and ultimately “other” the everyday lives of young people.
Potemkin Revolution: Utopian Jungle Cities of 21st Century Socialism
Authors: Wilson Japhy , Bayón Manuel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the entanglement of ideology and materiality in the production of the spaces of 21st century socialism. “Millennium Cities” are currently being constructed for indigenous communities throughout the Ecuadorian Amazon, with revenues derived from petroleum extracted within their territories. As iconic spatial symbols of the “Citizens’ Revolution”, the Millennium Cities would appear to embody “the original accumulation of 21st century socialism”—a utopian state ideology promising the collective appropriation of natural resources without the dispossession of the peasantry. Drawing on extensive field research, we argue that they are better understood as a simulation of urban modernity that is symptomatic of the predominance of ground rent in South American capitalism, and which conceals the violent repression of an autonomous indigenous project of petroleum‐based modernization. The original accumulation of 21st century socialism can therefore be interpreted as a “fantasy of origins”, which functions to reproduce the primitive accumulation of capital.
External adjustment of unmeasured confounders in a case–control study of benzodiazepine use and cancer risk
Authors: Thygesen Lau Caspar , Pottegård Anton , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Friis Søren , Stürmer Til , Hallas Jesper 
Published: June 2017

AimsPrevious studies have reported diverging results on the association between benzodiazepine use and cancer risk.MethodsWe investigated this association in a matched case–control study including incident cancer cases during 2002–2009 in the Danish Cancer Registry (n = 94 923) and age‐ and sex‐matched (1:8) population controls (n = 759 334). Long‐term benzodiazepine use was defined as ≥500 defined daily doses 1–5 years prior to the index date. We implemented propensity score (PS) calibration using external information on confounders available from a survey of the Danish population. Two PSs were used: The error‐prone PS using register‐based confounders and the calibrated PS based on both register‐ and survey‐based confounders, retrieved from the Health Interview Survey.ResultsRegister‐based data showed that cancer cases had more diagnoses, higher comorbidity score and more co‐medication then population controls. Survey‐based data showed lower self‐rated health, more self‐reported diseases, and more smokers as well as subjects with sedentary lifestyle among benzodiazepine users. By PS calibration, the odds ratio for cancer overall associated with benzodiazepine use decreased from 1.16 to 1.09 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.19) and for smoking‐related cancers from 1.20 to 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.21).ConclusionWe conclude that the increased risk observed in the solely register‐based study could partly be attributed to unmeasured confounding.
Extension of ustekinumab maintenance dosing interval in moderate-to-severe psoriasis: results of a phase IIIb, randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, multicentre study (PSTELLAR)
Authors: Blauvelt A. , Ferris L.K. , Yamauchi P.S. , Qureshi A. , Leonardi C.L. , Farahi K. , Fakharzadeh S. , Hsu M.-C. , Li S. , Chevrier M. , Smith K. , Goyal K. , Chen Y. , Muñoz-Elías E.J. , Callis Duffin K. 
Published: June 2017

Summary
Background
Phase III studies showed that some patients maintained response for ≥ 6 months following ustekinumab discontinuation.
Objectives
To assess clinical responses with extended ustekinumab maintenance dosing intervals.
Methods
Adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis received ustekinumab at weeks 0, 4 and 16 during open-label treatment. Patients achieving a week-28 Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score of cleared/minimal (PGA = 0/1) were randomized 1 : 4 to group 1 [approved every 12 weeks (q12 wk) maintenance] or group 2 (q12–24 wk; response-based dosing determined by time to loss of PGA = 0/1). Key end points included the number of visits with PGA = 0/1 (primary end point) and ≥ 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) between weeks 88 and 112, and PGA/PASI responses between weeks 28 and 112.
Results
Overall, 378 patients achieved PGA = 0/1 at week 28 and were randomized to group 1 (n = 76) or group 2 (n = 302). Patients in group 1 had numerically greater mean numbers of visits with PGA = 0/1 than group 2 and also with PASI 75 from week 88 to 112. A higher proportion of patients in group 1 (55%) than group 2 (39%) had PGA = 0/1 at all seven visits from week 88 to 112. Maintenance of response was observed with dose-interval extension beyond q12 wk in a subset of patients. Extending the dosing interval did not affect antibody development or safety.
Conclusions
Efficacy was better maintained among week-28 PGA responders randomized to continue q12 wk ustekinumab vs. extending maintenance dosing based on clinical response, although some patients maintained high levels of efficacy with up to q24 wk dosing.
Haematological cancers in African children: progress and challenges
Authors: Molyneux Elizabeth , Scanlan Trish , Chagaluka George , Renner Lorna 
Published: June 2017

SummaryCancer is increasingly important in low and middle‐income settings where infectious diseases are declining. Childhood cancers treated in well‐resourced centres have excellent outcomes with more than 80% survival. This success is not reflected in low‐income settings where challenges involve every step on the care pathway. Access to diagnosis, delayed presentation, advanced disease, co‐morbidities and underlying malnutrition make treatment difficult. Treatments are costly for impoverished families. Yet, the common haematological malignancies (Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non Hodgkin lymphoma) are relatively easy to diagnose and, when managed with simple chemotherapy protocols, give limited but good results. As funding becomes available for cancer research we must ensure that the care and cure of these children is top of the agenda. There is already evidence of improved outcomes in middle‐income countries. For others there is a long journey ahead.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of novel 3‐aryl‐5‐(alkyl‐thio)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles derivatives targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rode Navnath D. , Sonawane Amol D. , Nawale Laxman , Khedkar Vijay M. , Joshi Ramesh A. , Likhite Anjali P. , Sarkar Dhiman , Joshi Rohini R. 
Published: June 2017

A small library of new 3‐aryl‐5‐(alkyl‐thio)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles was synthesized and screened for the antimycobacterial potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain and Mycobacterium bovis BCG both in active and dormant stage. Among the synthesized library, 25 compounds exhibited promising anti‐TB activity in the range of IC500.03–5.88 μg/ml for dormant stage and 20 compounds in the range of 0.03–6.96 μg/ml for active stage. Their lower toxicity (>100 μg/ml) and higher selectivity (SI = >10) against all cancer cell lines screened make them interesting compounds with potential antimycobacterial effects. Furthermore, to rationalize the observed biological activity data and to establish a structural basis for inhibition of M. tuberculosis, the molecular docking study was carried out against a potential target MTB CYP121 which revealed a significant correlation between the binding score and biological activity for these compounds. Cytotoxicity and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies suggested that 1,2,4‐triazole analogues have an acceptable safety index, in vivo stability and bio‐availability.
Enhancing Paternal Engagement in a Coparenting Paradigm
Authors: Pruett Marsha Kline , Pruett Kyle D. , Cowan Carolyn P. , Cowan Philip A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite the benefits for children and families of fathers who are involved positively with their children, most parenting programs in the United States and globally focus on and collect evaluation data from mothers almost exclusively. Engaging fathers is still viewed as a complex endeavor that is only somewhat successful. In this article, we summarize what is known about engaging fathers in parenting programs, then argue that programs are most effective when coparenting is the focus early in family formation. We rely on two decades of the Supporting Father Involvement program as an example of an initiative that has been effective at recruiting and retaining fathers and mothers in various cultural and national contexts. When programs are inclusive in content and focus on process, are sensitive to differences within and across families, and recognize parents as experts on their children, they are more successful in recruiting and retaining diverse groups of fathers and families.
Numerical and experimental study of ratcheting in cold expanded plate ofAl‐alloy 2024‐T3 in double shear lap joints
Authors: Abdollahi E. , Chakherlou T. N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper strain ratcheting in cold expanded flat plate of Al‐alloy 2024‐T3 in double shear lap joints was studied both experimentally and numerically. In the experimental part, two types of symmetric strain‐controlled and asymmetric stress‐controlled cyclic tests were performed. Also, the cold expanded double shear lap joints subjected to cyclic stress‐controlled tests. The required parameters for simulating the cyclic plastic behaviour of Al‐alloy 2024‐T3 were obtained on the basis of the experimental responses. In the numerical part, a combination of nonlinear isotropic and nonlinear kinematic hardening model (Chaboche) was implemented in the commercial finite element code of ABAQUS, using the subroutine UMAT written in FORTRAN. The results of simulations give an accurate prediction of ratcheting for all types of loading. The obtained results show that increasing the mean stress increases the strain ratcheting. It is clearly shown that the cold expansion process decreases the magnitude of strain ratcheting remarkably compared with “as drilled” specimens and the decrease is bigger for larger cold expansion sizes. Also, it is shown that the middle plane has the highest amount of ratcheting compared to the pin entrance plane and exit plane of the plate hole.
Extension of the modified Bai‐Wierzbicki model for predicting ductile fracture under complex loading conditions
Authors: Wu B. , Li X. , Di Y. , Brinnel V. , Lian J. , Münstermann S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe ductile fracture behaviour of metallic materials is strongly dependent on the material's stress state and loading history. This paper presents a concept of damage initiation and failure indicators and corresponding evolution laws to enhance the modified Bai‐Wierzbicki model for predicting ductile damage under complex loading conditions. The proposed model considers the influence of stress triaxiality and the Lode angle parameter on both damage initiation and the subsequent damage propagation. The model parameters are calibrated for C45E + N steel using a series of mechanical tests and numerical simulations. The enhanced approach is applied to the modelling of various mechanical tests under proportional and non‐proportional loading conditions and successfully predicts the ductile damage behaviour in these tests.
BERNARD GROETHUYSEN's WAY OF COPING WITH THE “PROBLEM OF HISTORICISM”
Authors: GINEV DMITRI 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article argues that Groethuysen's creation of a new historiographical genre—the anonymous history of the formation of worldviews—was a response to the “problem of historicism” conceived of as a task of working out a concept of historicity beyond the relativism–objectivism dilemma. In scrutinizing Groethuysen's implementation of phenomenology to study how basic historical phenomena have been experienced, the article draws a parallel with Heidegger's response to historical relativism. In the main argument, Groethuysen's combination of a new approach to the history of ideas and a historicized philosophical anthropology reveals the possibility of avoiding the depressing dilemma between metahistorical objectivism and historicist relativism by means of a double hermeneutics. In this regard, special attention is paid to Groethuysen's phenomenological conception of narrative time.