bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Epstein Barr viral load in adult-onset Hodgkin lymphoma in South India
Authors: Sinha Mahua , Rao Clementina Rama , Shafiulla Mohammed , Shankaranand Bharatnur , Viveka Belathur K. , Lakshmaiah Kuntegowdanahalli C. , Jacob Linu Abraham , Babu Govind K. , Jayshree Rudrapatna S. 
Published: November 2015

Objective/background:
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) DNA load is increasingly being used as a noninvasive biomarker for detecting EBV association in lymphomas. Since there is a need of data from India, we undertook to prospectively evaluate plasma EBV DNA load as a marker of EBV association in newly diagnosed adult-onset Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

Methods:
EBV DNA was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In a subset of patients, an assay was validated qualitatively with EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) immunohistochemistry (IHC). Wherever possible, follow-up plasma samples post three cycles of chemotherapy were obtained.

Results:
Over a period of 10 months, 33 newly diagnosed adult-onset HL were enrolled in the study. Pretherapy plasma EBV DNA was detectable in ~49% (16/33) patients (viral loads range, 1.0-51.2 × 103 copies/mL) and undetectable in 30 voluntary blood donors. LMP1 IHC was positive in 56% of cases tested (14/25). Sensitivity and specificity of plasma EBV DNA with respect to LMP1 IHC were 86% and 100%, respectively. Of the eight patients in whom follow-up plasma was available, in five EBV baseline-positive patients EBV load reverted to negative postchemotherapy and corroborated with clinical remission.

Conclusion:
Plasma EBV DNA load estimation may be useful in detecting EBV-association and possibly monitoring the response to therapy in EBV-related HL especially in our country where EBV association of HL is higher than in developed nations.
Association of HLA and cytokine gene polymorphisms with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Ping , Zou Jian , Xie Ping , Gao Fei , Mu Hui‐Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, progressive, and lethal interstitial lung disease with unknown etiology. Divergent observations have suggested that genetic factors contribute to IPF susceptibility. This study investigated the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA), cytokine gene polymorphisms, and IPF in a Chinese Han population. The gene polymorphisms of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐DRB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α (−308 A/G)], transforming growth factor beta [TGF‐β1 (+869 T/C)], interleukin 10 [IL‐10 (−592 C/A, −819 T/C, and −1082 G/A)], and interferon gamma [IFN‐γ (+874 T/A)] were detected in 102 individuals with IPF and 266 unrelated normal controls using PCR with sequence‐specific primers and a high‐resolution melt (HRM) approach. The data showed that there was no difference in HLA allele frequencies between the IPF and control groups. However, the data showed the frequency of HLA‐A*02‐DRB1*04 haplotype in the IPF group was significantly higher than that in the control group [odds ratio (OR) = 4.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.82–12.08, p < 0.001]. In addition, no differences in the allele and genotype distributions of the cytokines were found between the IPF and control groups (p > 0.01). Our findings suggest that there is an association between specific HLA haplotype and IPF genetic susceptibility and that the genetic variability of some cytokines may not be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF.
hnRNPA2/B1 activates cyclooxygenase‐2 and promotes tumor growth in human lung cancers
Authors: Xuan Yang , Wang Jingshu , Ban Liying , Lu Jian-Jun , Yi Canhui , Li Zhenglin , Yu Wendan , Li Mei , Xu Tingting , Yang Wenjing , Tang Zhipeng , Tang Ranran , Xiao Xiangsheng , Meng Songshu , Chen Yiming , Liu Quentin , Huang Wenlin , Guo Wei , Cui Xiaonan , Deng Wuguo 
Published: November 2015

Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is highly expressed in tumor cells and has been regarded as a hallmarker for cancers, but the excise regulatory mechanism of COX‐2 in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we pulled down and identified a novel COX‐2 regulator, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1), which could specifically bind to COX‐2 core promoter and regulate tumor growth in non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 by shRNA or siRNA downregulated COX‐2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and suppressed tumor cell growth in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of hnRNPA2/B1 up‐regulated the levels of COX‐2 and PGE2 and promoted tumor cell growth. We also showed that hnRNPA2/B1 expression was positively correlated with COX‐2 expression in NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues, and the up‐regulated expression of hnRNPA2/B1 and COX‐2 predicted worse prognosis in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the activation of COX‐2 expression by hnRNPA2/B1 was mediated through the cooperation with p300, a transcriptional co‐activator, in NSCLC cells. The hnRNPA2/B1 could interact with p300 directly and be acetylated by p300. Exogenous overexpression of p300, but not its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain deletion mutation, augmented the acetylation of hnRNPA2/B1 and enhanced its binding on COX‐2 promoter, thereby promoted COX‐2 expression and lung cancer cell growth. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hnRNPA2/B1 promotes tumor cell growth by activating COX‐2 signaling in NSCLC cells and imply that the hnRNPA2/B1/COX‐2 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for human lung cancers.
Periodicity and driving forces of volcanism
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The volume and style of volcanism change periodically, with cycles of three main scales, which have different causes and effects. Short cycles of volcanic activity last from tens to thousands of years and are associated with periodic accumulation of magma in shallow chambers and its subsequent eruptions. The eruptions either have internal causes or are triggered externally by variations in solar activity, tidal friction, and Earth’s rotation speed. Medium-scale cycles, hundreds of thousands to millions of years long, are due to changes in spreading and subduction rates. Long cycles (30–120 Ma) are related to ascent of mantle plumes, which take away material and heat from the core–mantle boundary and change the convection rate. These appear to be the major controls of the average periodicity. Acceleration of asthenospheric convection caused by periodic plume activity pulses can change spreading rates and, correspondingly, the relative positions of moving plates. The medium-scale periodicity of volcanism is illustrated by the examples of Kamchatka and Japan, where the intensity of subduction magmatism changes periodically in response to the opening of back-arc basins (Shikoku, Sea of Japan, and South Kurile basin).
The Hercynian Ikat thrust in the Transbaikalian segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Reznitsky L.Z. , Shkol’nik S.I. , Ivanov A.V. , Demonterova E.I. , Letnikova E.F. , Hung C.-H. , Chung S.-L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We present a comprehensive description of the blastomylonites of the Ikat thrust localized within the Ikat terrane in the East Transbaikalian branch of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The metamorphic rocks of the Garga block are thrust over the almost unmetamorphosed Cambrian deposits of the Ikat Formation. The geologic position of the thrust and the structure and mineral and petrochemical compositions of the blastomylonites in the suture zone are considered, and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon is carried out. The blastomylonites develop after the gneisses of the Garga block; the block protolith, admixed with felsic volcanic material, was no older than the Neoproterozoic (750–800 Ma). The 40Ar/39Ar age of the thrust is estimated at 282 ± 0.4 Ma based on metamorphic biotite from the blastomylonites. The thrust marks the transpression period during the Late Paleozoic processes of tectonometamorphic activity related to the subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust beneath the Siberian continent.
Ag2(S,Se) solid solutions in the ores of the Rogovik gold-silver deposit (northeastern Russia)
Authors: Pal’yanova G.A. , Kravtsova R.G. , Zhuravkova T.V. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The relationships and chemical compositions of silver sulfoselenides in the ores of the Rogovik gold-silver deposit (northeastern Russia) were studied to refine the low-temperature region of the Ag2S–Ag2Se phase diagram and identify contradictions between natural and experimental data. Two types of relationships between the phases of the system Ag2S–Ag2Se have been recognized using optical and scanning electron microscopy: (1) Se-acanthite and S-naumannite occur as monomineral microinclusions or fill cracks in the grains or the interstices of other minerals, and acanthite (free of impurities) forms rims on Fe-sphalerite; (2) Se-acanthite forms rims on S-naumannite. Electron probe microanalysis of silver sulfoselenides from the Rogovik ores revealed 0–7.9 wt.% Se in acanthite and 0–3.2 wt.% S in naumannite, which corresponds to the acanthite series Ag2S–Ag2S0.74Se0.26 and naumannite series Ag2S0.28Se0.72–Ag2Se. The composition ranges of the studied acanthite and naumannite series are wider than those of natural silver sulfoselenides from the Guanajuato (Mexico), Silver City (USA), Salida (Indonesia), and other deposits (Ag2S–Ag2S0.85Se0.15 and Ag2S0.12Se0.88–Ag2Se, respectively) but are significantly narrower than the composition ranges of synthetic samples: Ag2S–Ag2S0.4Se0.6 and Ag2S0.3Se0.7–Ag2Se. The presence of intergrowths of two phases of the Ag2S-Ag2Se series in the form of Se-acanthite rims on S-naumannite in the Rogovik ores and the absence of three-phase intergrowths of silver sulfoselenides Ag2S1-xSex from this and other deposits do not confirm the assumption on the existence of the third solid solution. The results of earlier studies of natural Ag2(S,Se) solid solutions show the existence of two solid solutions (of the acanthite and naumannite series) in the Ag2S–Ag2Se system and confirm the experimental data. It is necessary to carry out a detailed examination of natural silver sulfoselenides falling in the interval from Ag2S0.4Se0.6 to Ag2S0.3Se0.7 in order to identify the limits of two-phase immiscibility.
Dynamics of shear-induced migration of spherical particles in oscillatory pipe flow
Authors: Snook Braden , Butler Jason E. , Guazzelli Élisabeth 
Published: November 2015

The large-amplitude oscillatory flow of a suspension of spherical particles in a pipe is studied at low Reynolds number. Particle volume fraction and velocity are examined through refractive index matching techniques. The particles migrate toward the centre of the pipe, i.e. toward regions of lower shear rate, for bulk volume fractions larger than 10 %. Steady results are in agreement with available experimental results and discrete-particle simulations for similar geometries. The dynamics of the shear-induced migration process are analysed and compared against the predictions of the suspension balance model using realistic rheological laws.
The genus Cittarium (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea) in the Upper Miocene of the Dominican Republic with the description of a new species
Authors: Landau Bernard , Kronenberg Gijs C. , da Silva Carlos M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractToday, the marine gastropod genus Cittarium is present only in the West Indies faunas, represented by a single species C. pica, also known from the Pleistocene of Bermuda. Herein Cittarium praepica n. sp. is described from the Upper Miocene Cercado Formation of the Dominican Republic. This is the oldest fossil record for the genus in the eastern Tropical America. The new species is compared to the Pleistocene to Recent Caribbean C. pica and to C. maestratii Lozouet, 2002 of the Upper Oligocene of France. The importance of this new record for the geological history and the biogeography of the genus are discussed.
Impact of methods used to express levels of circulating fatty acids on the degree and direction of associations with blood lipids in humans
Authors: Sergeant Susan , Ruczinski Ingo , Ivester Priscilla , Lee Tammy C. , Morgan Timothy M. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Mathias Rasika A. , Chilton Floyd H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNumerous studies have examined relationships between disease biomarkers (such as blood lipids) and levels of circulating or cellular fatty acids. In such association studies, fatty acids have typically been expressed as the percentage of a particular fatty acid relative to the total fatty acids in a sample. Using two human cohorts, this study examined relationships between blood lipids (TAG, and LDL, HDL or total cholesterol) and circulating fatty acids expressed either as a percentage of total or as concentration in serum. The direction of the correlation between stearic acid, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and DHA and circulating TAG reversed when fatty acids were expressed as concentrationsv. a percentage of total. Similar reversals were observed for these fatty acids when examining their associations with the ratio of total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol. This reversal pattern was replicated in serum samples from both human cohorts. The correlations between blood lipids and fatty acids expressed as a percentage of total could be mathematically modelled from the concentration data. These data reveal that the different methods of expressing fatty acids lead to dissimilar correlations between blood lipids and certain fatty acids. This study raises important questions about how such reversals in association patterns impact the interpretation of numerous association studies evaluating fatty acids and their relationships with disease biomarkers or risk.
Population genetic structure and migration patterns ofLiriomyza sativaein China: moderate subdivision and no Bridgehead effect revealed by microsatellites
Authors: Tang X.-T. , Ji Y. , Chang Y.-W. , Shen Y. , Tian Z.-H. , Gong W.-R. , Du Y.-Z. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhileLiriomyza sativae(Diptera: Agromyzidae), an important invasive pest of ornamentals and vegetables has been found in China for the past two decades, few studies have focused on its genetics or route of invasive. In this study, we collected 288L. sativaeindividuals across 12 provinces to explore its population genetic structure and migration patterns in China using seven microsatellites. We found relatively low levels of genetic diversity but moderate population genetic structure (0.05 <FST< 0.15) inL. sativaefrom China. All populations deviated significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency. Molecular variance analysis revealed that more than 89% of variation was among samples within populations. A UPGMA dendrogram revealed that SH and GXNN populations formed one cluster separate from the other populations, which is in accordance with STRUCTURE and GENELAND analyses. A Mantel test indicated that genetic distance was not correlated to geographic distance (r= −0.0814,P= 0.7610), coupled with high levels of gene flow (M= 40.1–817.7), suggesting a possible anthropogenic influence on the spread ofL. sativaein China and on the effect of hosts. The trend of asymmetrical gene flow was from southern to northern populations in general and did not exhibit a Bridgehead effect during the course of invasion, as can be seen by the low genetic diversity of southern populations.
“Whatdunit?” Developmental changes in children's syntactically based sentence interpretation abilities and sensitivity to word order
Authors: MONTGOMERY JAMES W. , EVANS JULIA L. , GILLAM RONALD B. , SERGEEV ALEXANDER V. , FINNEY MIANISHA C. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAim 1 of this study was to examine the developmental changes in typically developing English-speaking children's syntactically based sentence interpretation abilities and sensitivity to word order. Aim 2 was to determine the psychometric standing of the novel sentence interpretation task developed for this study, because we wish to use it later with children with specific language impairment. Children listened to semantically implausible sentences in which noun animacy and the natural affordance between the nouns were removed, thus controlling for event probability. Using this novel “whatdunit?” agent selection task, 256 children 7–11 years old listened to two structures with canonical word order and two with noncanonical word order. After each sentence, children selected as quickly as possible the picture of the noun they believed was “doing the action.” Children interpreted sentences with canonical word order with greater accuracy and speed than those with noncanonical word order. Older children (mean age = 10 years, 8 months) were more accurate and faster than younger children (mean age = 8 years, 1 month) across all sentence forms. Both older and younger children demonstrated similar error patterns across sentence type. The “whatdunit?” task also proved to have strong validity and reliability, making it suitable for studies with children with specific language impairment.
Perth punk and the construction of urbanity in a suburban city
Authors: Trainer Adam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAs a musical form, punk is often associated with urbanity, as embodied in the scenes in both London and New York, and in an Australian national context by the scenes in Melbourne and Sydney. In Perth, Western Australia – a primarily middle-class suburban city without a distinct inner city – punk was expressed differently. While the music itself exemplified many of the stylistic traits associated with the genre, punk in Perth was articulated through the city's isolation, its affluence and its suburban nature. Utilising interviews with key players in the Perth punk scene of the late 1970s, this paper seeks to illustrate the ways in which urbanity was constructed and voiced through Perth punk, in a city that constructed itself in opposition to traditional notions of the inner city's urban lived environment.
Monitoring snow and ice surfaces on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, with high-resolution TerraSAR-X time series
Authors: Falk U. , Gieseke H. , Kotzur F. , Braun M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChanges of glaciers and snow cover in polar regions affect a wide range of physical and ecosystem processes on land and in the adjacent marine environment. In this study, we investigated the potential of 11-day repeat high-resolution satellite image time series from the TerraSAR-X mission to derive glaciological and hydrological parameters on King George Island, Antarctica, between 25 October 2010 and 19 April 2011. The spatial pattern and temporal evolution of snow cover extent on ice-free areas can be monitored using multi-temporal coherence images. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence is used to map glacier extent of land-terminating glaciers with an average accuracy of 25 m. Multi-temporal SAR colour composites identify the position of the late summer snow line at ~220 m a.s.l. Glacier surface velocities are obtained from intensity feature-tracking. Surface velocities near the calving front of Fourcade Glacier were up to 1.8±0.01 m d-1. Using an intercept theorem based on fundamental geometric principles together with differential GPS field measurements, the ice discharge of Fourcade Glacier was estimated at 20 700±5500 m3d-1(corresponding to ~19±5 kt d-1). The rapidly changing surface conditions on King George Island and the lack of high-resolution digital elevation models for the region remain restrictions for the applicability of SAR data and the precision of derived products. Supplemental data are available athttp://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.853954.
On the Assessment of Paramedic Competence: A Narrative Review with Practice Implications
Authors: Tavares W. , Boet S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionParamedicine is experiencing significant growth in scope of practice, autonomy, and role in the health care system. Despite clinical governance models, the degree to which paramedicine ultimately can be safe and effective will be dependent on the individuals the profession deems suited to practice. This creates an imperative for those responsible for these decisions to ensure that assessments of paramedic competence are indeed accurate, trustworthy, and defensible.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore and synthesize relevant theoretical foundations and literature informing best practices in performance-based assessment (PBA) of competence, as it might be applied to paramedicine, for design or evaluation of assessment programs.MethodsA narrative review methodology was applied to focus intentionally, but broadly, on purpose relevant, theoretically derived research that could inform assessment protocols in paramedicine. Primary and secondary studies from a number of health professions that contributed to and informed best practices related to the assessment of paramedic clinical competence were included and synthesized.ResultsMultiple conceptual frameworks, psychometric requirements, and emerging lines of research are forwarded. Seventeen practice implications are derived to promote understanding as well as best practices and evaluation criteria for educators, employers, and/or licensing/certifying bodies when considering the assessment of paramedic competence.ConclusionsThe assessment of paramedic competence is a complex process requiring an understanding, appreciation for, and integration of conceptual and psychometric principles. The field of PBA is advancing rapidly with numerous opportunities for research.TavaresW,BoetS.On the assessment of paramedic competence: a narrative review with practice implications.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(1):64–73.
Quantum-enabled temporal and spectral mode conversion of microwave signals
Authors: Andrews R. W. , Reed A. P. , Cicak K. , Teufel J. D. , Lehnert K. W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractElectromagnetic waves are ideal candidates for transmitting information in a quantum network as they can be routed rapidly and efficiently between locations using optical fibres or microwave cables. Yet linking quantum-enabled devices with cables has proved difficult because most cavity or circuit quantum electrodynamics systems used in quantum information processing can only absorb and emit signals with a specific frequency and temporal envelope. Here we show that the temporal and spectral content of microwave-frequency electromagnetic signals can be arbitrarily manipulated with a flexible aluminium drumhead embedded in a microwave circuit. The aluminium drumhead simultaneously forms a mechanical oscillator and a tunable capacitor. This device offers a way to build quantum microwave networks using separate and otherwise mismatched components. Furthermore, it will enable the preparation of non-classical states of motion by capturing non-classical microwave signals prepared by the most coherent circuit quantum electrodynamics systems.
Exploring the phase diagram of the two-impurity Kondo problem
Authors: Spinelli A. , Gerrits M. , Toskovic R. , Bryant B. , Ternes M. , Otte A. F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA system of two exchange-coupled Kondo impurities in a magnetic field gives rise to a rich phase space hosting a multitude of correlated phenomena. Magnetic atoms on surfaces probed through scanning tunnelling microscopy provide an excellent platform to investigate coupled impurities, but typical high Kondo temperatures prevent field-dependent studies from being performed, rendering large parts of the phase space inaccessible. We present a study of pairs of Co atoms on insulating Cu2N/Cu(100), which each have a Kondo temperature of only 2.6 K. The pairs are designed to have interaction strengths similar to the Kondo temperature. By applying a sufficiently strong magnetic field, we are able to access a new phase in which the two coupled impurities are simultaneously screened. Comparison of differential conductance spectra taken on the atoms to simulated curves, calculated using a third-order transport model, allows us to independently determine the degree of Kondo screening in each phase.