bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competency need assessment: a gap analytic approach
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Sethumadhavan , Pai Yogesh P. , Ramaprasad Badrinarayan Srirangam 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to adopt a gap analytic approach to identify competency needs and further estimate the strength of such managerial competencies in predicting job performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured questionnaire was administered on 106 managers from 18 pharmaceutical companies in Maharashtra, India to capture their self-perceptions on importance of competencies, current expertise levels and job performance. Further, relative competence metric, t-test and multiple regression analysis was employed for data analysis.

Findings
Results indicate incongruence in perceptions of managers for current expertise and importance across four managerial competencies, i.e., analytic skills, self-management, relationship management and goal and action management. Further, gap analysis and relative competence metric reveals negative gaps among managers for competency dimensions pertaining to quantitative ability, adaptability, influence co-workers, change management skills and planning and task execution. Furthermore, self-management competencies are found to wield maximum influence on the self-perceptions of job performance followed closely by relationship management and analytic skills.

Originality/value
To the best knowledge of the authors, no study exists from pharmaceutical sector in India on managerial competencies and its impact on job performance. Also, authors have not come across any study in India that captures the competency needs through gap analysis and relative competence metric. This study attempts to fill both the aforementioned gaps in literature.
The effect of the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus disease epidemic on multi-level violence against women
Authors: O’Brien Melanie , Tolosa Maria Ximena 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the disproportionate impact of the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic on women, presenting an assessment of how this impact in particular is linked with violence against women and women’s right to health, and a critique of improvements that could avoid discrimination against women in healthcare crises.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper covers conceptual understandings of, and utilises a human rights law and public health lens to analyse how the EVD epidemic in West Africa both directly and indirectly caused greater harm to women and girls. All these factors which represent intersectional violations of the human rights of women are examined with a focus on violence against women and the right to health.

Findings
There are multiple reasons why the EVD outbreak harmed women disproportionately, and this intersectionality of discrimination must be considered in any response to a public health crisis. Addressing the vulnerability of women and girls to all forms of violence involves the coordinated efforts of public health, legal and political actors to empower women.

Originality/value
Specific issues of the 2014 West Africa EVD outbreak have been examined in medical journals, but there have been no academic studies that present a cross-disciplinary analysis of the gender concerns. This paper combines a public health perspective with a human rights law viewpoint in order to consider the impact of the EVD outbreak on women and provide suggestions as to how discrimination and disadvantage of women in such health crises can be avoided.
Making practice inclusive in gender-based violence work
Authors: Martin Suzanne Patricia 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a case for reflective practice with an intersectional focus in supporting practitioners working with gender-based violence (GBV). It is argued that GBV increases women’s experiences of social exclusion requiring support systems that are inclusive and alert to intersecting forms of oppression. Some challenges to inclusive practice are identified and some supportive practices are suggested.Design/methodology/approachReflective practice examples are drawn from UK-based advocacy and therapeutic work involving women experiencing GBV.FindingsThree critical challenges to inclusivity are identified: poor knowledge of intersectionality, misuse of power and over-reliance on the scope of empathy.Research limitations/implicationsThese themes are drawn from case examples gained from work-based practice with services in London and the southeast of England. The findings have limited scope but could be used to stimulate further research.Practical implicationsIf health and social care services are to achieve a more inclusive response to women who experience GBV then reflective practice needs to shift the focus to a broader inquiry into women’s experiences. Whilst reflective practice cannot overturn the power invested in the health and social care sector it can help individual practitioners to respond to the inequalities they observe.Social implicationsIt is argued that providing a regular reflective space is an effective mechanism for fostering inclusive practice responses to women experiencing GBV.Originality/valueIntersectionality, power and empathy are identified as central themes for improving practitioner responses to GBV. How these themes apply to interactions between practitioners and abused women is demonstrated through examples from reflective practice sessions.
Cultural integration of external service provider employees into client workplaces
Authors: Tucker Matthew , Aderiye Yetunde Oluwatoyin 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the complexities of how external service provider employees culturally fit within client workplaces.

Design/methodology/approach
It uses the facilities management industry to apply this research concept and is conducted using a qualitative multi-method design. A combination of semi-structured interviews and focus groups are the qualitative methods used to collect the data.

Findings
The major findings of this study are that organisational socialisation can be successful in socialising external service provider staff into the client workplace despite a current lack of awareness of its use. This study has developed a framework that can be used to achieve this integration if client organisations and service providers work together to socialise external service provider staff.

Originality/value
The findings of this study will appeal to anyone working within the service industry who manages the interface between external service provider staff and the client work space.
Housing delivery problems in developing countries: a case study of Nigeria
Authors: Mukhtar Musa Mohammed , Amirudin Roslan , Mohamad Ismail 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine problems of housing delivery in Nigeria and propose some guiding principles that will lead to successful housing delivery in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted through in-depth analysis of some documents related to housing sector in Nigeria. These include National Housing Policy of Nigeria, Report of the Vision 2020 National Technical Working Group on Housing, as well as publications from UN-Habitat. Moreover, literature on the subject matter have been also reviewed.

Findings
Major constraints to housing delivery in Nigeria includes lack of effective housing finance system, unstable macroeconomic environment, difficulty in accessing land with secure tenure, high cost of building materials, shortages of skilled labour and poor infrastructural facilities.

Research limitations/implications
The major limitation of this study is that no interview or field survey to collect data from stakeholders has been performed.

Practical implications
The study can assist housing policy makers to understands important elements that must be incorporated in the national housing policies. It can also assist construction industries to understand how to improve efficiency and productivity in their projects.

Originality/value
The findings of this paper was based on previous studies of housing delivery and analysis of data from some formal and informal documents The findings from this study have been used to suggest some guiding principles that can assist in solving the housing delivery problems in Nigeria.
Intra-corporate plagiarism? Conceptualising antecedents and consequences of negatively perceived mobility of ideas
Authors: Arp Frithjof , Lemański Michał K. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and reflect on the mobility of ideas between multinational corporation (MNC) headquarters and subsidiaries. Does it always represent (positively perceived) knowledge transfer or can it sometimes constitute (negatively perceived) intra-corporate plagiarism? What are antecedents and consequences of negatively perceived mobility of ideas?Design/methodology/approachThe authors conceptualise inter-unit knowledge transfer in MNCs without recognition of originators as an act of intra-corporate plagiarism. The conceptualisation is informed by theoretical perspectives in the literature and indicative data emerging unexpectedly from a study designed to examine knowledge transfer in MNCs. These illustrate the concept, point to factors affecting the propensity to plagiarise, and provide preliminary insight on both negative and positive consequences. Aiming to build theory, the authors offer propositions for further research.FindingsThe conceptualisation suggests that adopting units lose access to the original sources of ideas as plagiarism victims may establish defensive strategies. Originators of ideas may experience loss of trust, be unsupportive of implementation and erect barriers to future mobility. There is risk of reputation loss and rejection of ideas and practices from other units. However, the conceptualisation also suggests that, ironically and counterintuitively, plagiarism may increase the mobility of ideas within MNCs.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors do not test hypotheses and make no claims from the data about statistical validity or prevalence of the phenomenon. As the emergent data are not longitudinal, and specific to human resource management practices, the authors cannot empirically establish all antecedents and consequences of intra-corporate plagiarism. Hence, the theorisations primarily rely on perspectives in the literature. The study merely offers the theoretical conceptualisation of the phenomenon and propositions for future research.Practical implicationsDrawing on theoretical perspectives in the literature at the country level (ethnocentrism, dominance effects, legitimacy, capability) and organisation level (not-invented-here syndrome, micro-politics), the study indicates consequences that MNCs may wish to consider in their knowledge management.Originality/valueThe first contribution is the conceptualisation of inter-unit knowledge transfer in MNCs without recognition of originators as an act of intra-corporate plagiarism. Second, the authors point out that knowledge transfer directionality reported in other research may be based on intentional or unintentional misrepresentation. Third, the authors theorise intra-corporate plagiarism as potentially useful in mitigating ethnocentrism, country-of-origin dominance effects and perceptions about legitimacy and capability.
Robustness and cross-cultural equivalence of the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS)
Authors: Bücker Joost , Furrer Olivier , Peeters Weem Tanja 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the cross-cultural equivalence of the four-dimensional 20-item Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and the two-dimensional 12-item cultural intelligence (CQ) short scale. Furthermore, the study elaborates on the results by discussing the differences between culturally equivalent and culturally non-equivalent items.

Design/methodology/approach
Data gathered from 607 students with a Chinese or Dutch background and mature international experience serve to test the cross-cultural equivalence of the CQS.

Findings
This study addresses the lack of clarity concerning the cross-cultural equivalence of the CQS in the extended domain of empirical research involving CQ. Furthermore, the consequences of the cultural equivalence tests are discussed.

Practical implications
Comparing CQ scores across cultures is only meaningful with the use of the adjusted, two-dimensional scale. Practitioners must be aware of the emic-etic character of the measurement instrument they use.

Originality/value
This study addresses the lack of clarity concerning the cross-cultural equivalence of the CQS in the extended domain of empirical research involving CQ. Furthermore, the consequences of the cultural equivalence tests are discussed.
Impact of sustainability on business performance and strategy for commercial building contractors
Authors: Eilers Heather , Chong Wai , Kim Jonghoon , Naganathan Hariharan , Glavinich† Thomas E. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the corporate sustainability culture of contracting firms, particularly in the Midwest. Many of the local firms operate nationally. The local corporate culture influences their regional offices. Other than convenience, the firms are selected from Midwest since their headquarters are situated in Midwest region and comprises of more number of employees than their other regional offices. This helped the research to approach more contractors for better survey and interview responses. The paper documents the study on existing management and construction practices these contractors adopt on sustainability and examines how their sustainability efforts influence the firms’ performances.

Design/methodology/approach
This research utilized surveys and interviews as the primary means of data collection. The data were collected from survey and interviews with selected companies operating in the Midwest region of the USA. One of the companies also operates offices across the country. Data from the interviews and surveys were analyzed using statistical analysis system software application. χ2 analysis, particularly the frequency procedures using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method was the primary analysis method used to study the relationships between different factors. The CMH method compares the association between and within two groups and permits adjustments of the control variables.

Findings
The findings of this paper include the results from various Midwest commercial building contractors. The results on different aspects of sustainable practices and their success rates among the contractors are determined and discussed, and future scope of improvements are mentioned at the conclusion of this paper.

Research limitations/implications
In summary, sustainable business practices are beneficial to society and favorable for the construction business. Embracing sustainable business practices has a positive impact on firm strategic performance for commercial building contractors through employee satisfaction, project opportunities, and market advantage. Sustainable business practices extend into the lives of individuals involved which exceedingly impacts society. The construction industry has advanced sustainability efforts, but there is a long way to go on the journey to being better stewards of the environment and resources.

Originality/value
A rival theory became apparent during the investigation that a new building consolidating all local company employees could have an impact on firm strategic performance. Third, this paper is confounded by a great recession that made project opportunities and revenue considerations analysis problematic. Some information regarding these aspects were helpful; however, expanding this paper during a more stable and typical economic period could provide additional insight.
Reversed cellular polarity in primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma: A study on tight junction protein expression in sweat gland tumors
Authors: Nagasawa Yusuke , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrimary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) is a rare sweat gland tumor characterized by the presence of abundant mucin around the tumor islands, but the molecular mechanisms for this structure are not well elucidated. Because mucin is epithelial in nature, it is likely to be produced by epithelial tumor cells, not by surrounding stromal cells. We hypothesized that the abundant mucin is a result of reversed cellular polarity of the tumor. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an immunohistological study to investigate expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and ZO‐1 in PCMC, as well as in normal sweat glands and other sweat gland tumors. Dot‐like or linear expression of TJ proteins was observed at ductal structures of sweat glands, and ductal or cystic structures of related tumors. In PCMC, however, TJ protein expression was clearly visible at the edges of tumor cell islands. This study provides evidence to show that the characteristic histological structure of PCMC is caused by inverse polarization of the tumor cells, and that TJ proteins are useful markers of ductal differentiation in sweat gland tumors.
Canalization of development reduces the utility of traits as fitness biomarkers: feather fault bars in nestling birds
Authors: Boonekamp Jelle J. , Dijkstra Rutger , Dijkstra Cor , Verhulst Simon 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Biomarkers that predict fitness are instrumental in unravelling mechanisms that link environmental conditions to fitness. However, development is likely to be better canalized for traits with stronger fitness effects. As a consequence, traits that are sensitive to developmental conditions may be poor fitness predictors and vice versa, and we tested for such effects using feather fault bars (translucent areas on feathers associated with developmental stress) in nestling birds.

We manipulated developmental conditions (brood size) in free‐living jackdaws (Coloeus monedula) and compared the effect on fault bar number between two feather types, tail and wing coverts. Fault bar number in the two feather types correlated poorly, indicating they can be considered different traits. Subsequently, we monitored local survival to investigate how well both traits linked developmental conditions to survival prospects.

Tail fault bar number reflected developmental conditions better than the number of fault bars in the wings: when pre‐manipulation brood size was small, nestlings had more tail fault bars when brood size was subsequently enlarged, while there was no such manipulation effect on the number of fault bars in wing coverts.

In contrast, fault bar number in wing coverts better predicted fledgling local survival compared to tail coverts.

We conclude that fault bar number in tail coverts is a biomarker of developmental conditions, while fault bar number in wing coverts is a predictor of survival prospects, but neither trait successfully links developmental conditions to fitness prospects. These findings are in agreement with the expectation that development of traits with a stronger relation to fitness will be better canalized. We discuss three hypotheses that can explain why despite canalization there are traits that are both sensitive to developmental conditions and predict fitness prospects.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Competing for seed dispersal: evidence for the role of avian seed hoarders in mediating apparent predation among oaks
Authors: Pesendorfer Mario B. , Koenig Walter D. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

In communities of large‐seeded tree species, generalist seed hoarders often link the temporally variable dynamics of various species in ways that can result in indirect ecological interactions. A special case of such interactions is ‘apparent predation’ – when variation in seed production of one tree species changes the outcome of the interaction between seed hoarders and another tree species from seed dispersal mutualism to predation.

We investigated how two species of avian hoarders responded to differences in acorn availability among individual valley oaks (Quercus lobata) and across a landscape dominated by blue oaks (Q. douglasii) to determine whether seed dispersal and predation dynamics result in apparent predation between these oak species.

California scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma californica), high‐quality seed dispersers with large spatial scales of resource perception, showed strong numerical and functional responses to individually large Q. lobata acorn crops when landscape‐level acorn crops were low, but the numerical response was not observed when Q. douglasii produced a good acorn crop the subsequent year. In contrast, acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), which are significant acorn predators, exhibited a consistent functional response to individual Q. lobata acorn crops independent of landscape‐wide availability. Consequently, Q. lobata experienced increased predation and a near absence of high‐quality seed dispersal when Q. douglasii acorns were abundant.

Our results suggest that apparent predation among oak species can arise from contrasting responses of generalist seed predators and dispersers to acorn availability on different spatial scales. Thus, the spatial scale of resource perception, which can differ greatly among generalist seed hoarders, may provide a proximate mechanism underlying indirect, temporally variable ecological affects such as apparent predation among sympatric species of large‐seeded trees.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Learning management by self‐employed occupational therapists in private practice
Authors: Millsteed Jeannine , Redmond Janice , Walker Elizabeth 
Published: September 2016

Background/aimThis study explored how occupational therapists in private practice developed the business skills needed to operate a successful private practice. The literature shows that many small‐business owner‐managers have poorly developed business skills, and some experience high rates of failure. This indicates that to be successful in private practice, occupational therapists need to gain mastery of management competencies in addition to their professional clinical competencies.MethodsA qualitative study, using in‐depth interviews, collected data from twenty‐six self‐employed occupational therapists on their experiences of becoming a small‐business owner‐manager. A narrative analysis built an understanding about how these therapists developed their business competencies.ResultsAnalysis revealed the factors affecting the development of business competencies were interactions between the initial motivations for start‐up, growth aspirations and engagement with external business environments. Business competencies developed through a combination of formal learning prior to starting their businesses, and informal learning once their businesses were in operation. Lower level learning occurred in the routine and operational processes, with higher level learning through discontinuous events resulting in a transformation in the therapists’ understanding about themselves as business owner‐managers.ConclusionsFindings led to a proposition that occupational therapists make the transition to becoming successful small‐business owner‐manager through management learning that includes elements of self‐reflection, identifying environmental opportunities and risks, developing capabilities, and strategic planning for growth and development. It provides insights on what occupational therapists need to consider to become successful small‐business owner‐managers.