bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of parathyroid hormone on healing in osteoporotic fractures via a phospholipase C-independent pathway
Authors: Li Wei-Long , Yu Xiao , Huang Zhi-Ping , Pang Qing-Jiang 
Published: May 2017

Objective This study was performed to investigate the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on healing in osteoporotic fractures via a phospholipase C (PLC)-independent pathway and explore the mechanism of PTH-mediated bone formation. Methods Ninety-six 12-week-old C57BL/6J female mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy. One month later, the lower third of the femur was fractured and the mice were treated using saline, PTH(1-28), PTH(1-34), zoledronic acid (ZA), PTH(1-28)+ZA, and PTH(1-34)+ZA. The mice were killed at weeks 2 and 4 in each group. Biomechanical testing and micro-computed tomography were performed. Results The formation and strength of the callus increased in all but the saline group. The mice treated with PTH(1-34) showed a significantly higher ultimate bending force, bending rigidity, bone mineral density, percent bone volume, and trabecular thickness than those treated with PTH(1-28). The PTH(1-34)+ZA group demonstrated the greatest improvements in the ultimate bending force, bending rigidity, bone mineral density, and relative bone volume. Conclusions PTH can promote fracture healing and callus hardness in ovariectomized mice by increasing callus formation and reconstructing trabecular bone via a PLC-independent pathway. PTH combined with ZA has a cumulative effect on the healing of fractures in ovariectomized mice.
Risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC): role of preoperative ultrasound
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Jiang Wenbin , Gao Yuxiu , Niu Weidong , Zhang Xiaojuan , Xin Lei 
Published: May 2017

Objective This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and clinical value of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and missed central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) using preoperative ultrasound (US) in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Methods This retrospective study included 521 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for confirmed PTMC based on a final histological examination between January 2014 and June 2015. Based on the presence of LNM, 521 cases were divided into two groups: metastasis (218) and non-metastasis (303). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the US and clinical characteristics of the primary tumour. Results We defined LNM based on the tumour diameter with an optimal critical value of 0.55 cm using ROC analysis with a sensitivity of 65.6% and specificity of 59.6%. We defined US-missed CLNM based on the optimal critical value of 0.65 cm using diagnostic ROC analysis with a sensitivity of 66.0% and specificity of 73.0%. The odds ratios of significant factors with LNM by US were 10.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 6.2–17.0), 5.3 (95% CI, 3.3–8.7), 2.7 (95% CI, 1.1–6.5), 4.3 (95% CI, 1.7–10.5), 2.5 (95% CI, 1.5–4.1), and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.7–4.4) for extrathyroidal invasion, blood flow, multifocality, tumour diameter greater than 0.55 cm, male sex, and age younger than 47 years, respectively. Conclusions US characteristics, such as extrathyroidal invasion, blood flow, tumour diameter, sex, and age, may improve the efficacy of predicting LNM and facilitating diagnosis of PTMC. Furthermore, tumour invasion to the extracapsular thyroid and a diameter greater than 0.65 cm indicate CLNM.
A Long Preoperative Duration of Symptoms Is Associated With Worse Functional Outcomes After 1-Stage Arthroscopic Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears With Shoulder Stiffness
Authors: Chen Yuzhou , Chen Shiyi , Qiao Yang , Ge Yunshen , Li Hong , Chen Jiwu , Hua Yinghui , Li Yunxia 
Published: May 2017

Background:Rotator cuff tears with shoulder stiffness remain a difficult issue. Despite the reported satisfactory results of 1-stage surgery, little information is available regarding the factors that affect clinical outcomes.Purpose/Hypothesis:To evaluate the 1-stage arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff tears with shoulder stiffness and to present the influence of duration of symptoms (DOS) on postoperative functional outcomes. The hypothesis was that a long preoperative DOS is related to worse functional outcomes.Hypothesis:A long preoperative DOS is related to worse functional outcomes.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:A cohort study was performed with consecutive patients who underwent 1-stage surgery between January 2012 and July 2014. Forty-four patients were enrolled in the long DOS group (DOS ≥6 months or LDOS), and 38 were enrolled in the short DOS group (DOS <6 months or SDOS). There were no significant differences in the other variables between the groups. The patients were followed for a mean of 33.8 months, and the functional and radiographic outcomes were compared.Results:Both groups achieved apparent functional postoperative improvements in terms of range of motion, pain, strength, and functional scores ( P < .001 for all). Despite the overall improvements, the patients in the SDOS group had significantly better outcomes according to all functional instruments. The mean postoperative abduction and external rotation at the side in the SDOS group were higher than in the LDOS group (abduction: 162.2° vs 152.8°, respectively [ P = .002]; external rotation: 64.7° vs 56.9°, respectively [ P = .004]). The mean postoperative functional scores in the SDOS group were all higher than in the LDOS group (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score: 91.1 vs 81.9, respectively; Constant-Murley score: 76.9 vs 71.8, respectively; Fudan University Shoulder Score [FUSS], 90.6 vs 81.1, respectively), and the mean postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain in the SDOS group was lower (0.7 vs 1.8, respectively) ( P < .001 for all). The difference in the retear rates was not significant, with 7 retears in the SDOS group and 4 in the LDOS group ( P = .216).Conclusion:One-stage surgery effectively achieved overall improvements. A preoperative DOS of ≥6 months led to poorer functional outcomes, which suggests that surgeons should propose a surgical treatment for this condition before symptoms persist for 6 months.
Women in science: The persistence of traditional gender roles. A case study on work–life interface
Authors: Cervia Silvia , Biancheri Rita 
Published: May 2017

The underrepresentation of women in academe has been the focus of both academic literature and European policy-makers. However, albeit the number of female scientists has increased, true gender equality has yet to be achieved. When examining the reasons for this, we have to consider the interconnection between the expectations surrounding gender and what it means to work in the scientific profession, operating at individual, interactional, and institutional levels. This paper presents the results (and methods) of a survey exploring work–life interfaces from a gender-sensitive perspective. Our survey focused on the researchers and professors working in the medicine and engineering departments of the University of Pisa, where the gradient of female exclusion is most pronounced. The results allow for an interpretation of the ‘leaky pipeline’ (macro level), through a gender-sensitive analysis of gender-based social obligations and those associated with the scientific profession (micro perspective), by integrating said reading through a description of the dynamics of continuous negotiation in private and public life (university) (meso level). Essentially, science is a greedy institution, as is family life, which is a problem for a woman’s career, unless she is willing to make considerable concessions at home.
Experiences of establishing an academic early phase clinical trials unit
Authors: Brown Sarah R , Sherratt Debbie , Booth Gill , Brown Julia , Collinson Fiona , Gregory Walter , Flanagan Louise 
Published: May 2017

Background: Early phase trials are essential in drug development, determining appropriate dose levels and assessing preliminary activity. These trials are undertaken by industry and academia, with increasing collaborations between the two. There is pressure to perform these trials quickly, safely, and robustly. However, there are inherent differences between developing and managing early phase, compared to late phase, drug trials. This article describes an approach to establishing an academically led early phase trial portfolio, highlighting lessons learned and sharing experiences. Methods: In 2009, the University of Leeds Clinical Trials Research Unit became the Clinical Trials Coordinating Office for Myeloma UK’s phase I and II trials. We embarked on a transition from working extensively in phase III to early phase trials development and conduct. This involved evaluating and revising our well-established standard operating procedures, visiting other academic early phase units, and developing essential new documentation and processes. Results: A core team of trial and data managers and statisticians was established to facilitate expertise and knowledge retention. A detailed training plan was implemented focussing on essential standard practices for early phase. These included pharmacovigilance, recruitment, trial design and set-up, data and site monitoring, and oversight committees. Training in statistical methods for early phase trials was incorporated. Conclusion: Initial scoping of early phase trial management and conduct was essential in establishing this early phase portfolio. Many of the processes developed were successful. However, regular review and evaluation were implemented to enable changes and ensure efficiencies. It is recommended that others embarking on this venture build on the experiences described in this article.
The mitochondria-targeting peptide elamipretide diminishes circulating HtrA2 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Hortmann Marcus , Robinson Samuel , Mohr Moritz , Mauler Maximillian , Stallmann Daniela , Reinöhl Jochen , Duerschmied Daniel , Peter Karlheinz , Carr James , Gibson C Michael , Bode Christoph , Ahrens Ingo 
Published: May 2017

Background: The extent of myocardial damage in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) depends on both the time to reperfusion as well as injury induced by ischaemia–reperfusion resulting in a cascade of cellular and humoral reactions. As a consequence of ischaemia–reperfusion in the heart, the high-temperature requirement serine peptidase 2 (HtrA2) is translocated from the mitochondria to the cytosol, whereupon it induces protease activity-dependent apoptosis mediated via caspases. Myocardial damage induced by reperfusion cannot be monitored due to a current lack in specific biomarkers. We examined the serum level of HtrA2 as a potentially novel biomarker for mitochondrial-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methods: After informed consent, peripheral blood was obtained from patients ( n=19) with first-time acute anterior STEMI after percutaneous coronary intervention. Within this group, 10 of the patients received the mitochondria-targeting peptide elamipretide (phase 2a clinical study EMBRACE (NCT01572909)). Blood was also obtained from a control group of healthy donors ( n=16). The serum level of HtrA2 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In a murine model of myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury, HtrA2 was determined in plasma by ELISA after left anterior descending artery occlusion. Results: HtrA2 median was significantly increased in patients with STEMI compared to healthy controls 392.4 (240.7–502.8) pg/mL vs. 1805.5 (981.3–2220.1) pg/mL ( P⩽0.05). Elamipretide significantly reduced the HtrA2 median serum level after myocardial infarction 1805.5 (981.3–2220.1) pg/mL vs. 496.5 (379.4–703.8) pg/mL ( P⩽0.05). Left anterior descending artery occlusion in mice significantly increased HtrA2 mean in plasma (117.4 fg/ml±SEM 28.1 vs. 525.2 fg/ml±SEM 96; P⩽0.05). Conclusion: Compared to healthy controls, we found significantly increased serum levels of HtrA2 in patients with STEMI. The result was validated in a murine model of myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury. In humans the increased serum level was significantly reduced by the mitochondria-targeting peptide elamipretide. In conclusion, HtrA2 is detectable in serum of patients with STEMI and might present a novel biomarker for mitochondrial-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Consequently, HtrA2 may also show promise as a biomarker for the identification of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. However, this must be validated in a lager clinical trial.
TLR9 expression and secretion of LIF by prostate cancer cells stimulates accumulation and activity of polymorphonuclear MDSCs
Authors: Won Haejung , Moreira Dayson , Gao Chan , Duttagupta Priyanka , Zhao Xingli , Manuel Edwin , Diamond Don , Yuan Yate-Ching , Liu Zheng , Jones Jeremy , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Pal Sumanta , Kortylewski Marcin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Proinflammatory signals promote prostate tumorigenesis and progression, but their origins and downstream effects remain unclear. We recently demonstrated that the expression of an innate immune receptor, TLR9, by prostate cancer cells is critical for their tumor-propagating potential. We investigated whether cancer cell–intrinsic TLR9 signaling alters composition of the prostate tumor microenvironment. We generated Ras/Myc (RM9) and Myc-driven (Myc-CaP) prostate cancer cells expressing the tetracycline-inducible gene Tlr9 (Tlr9ON) or the control LacZ (LacZON). When engrafted into mice and treated with tetracycline, Tlr9ON, but not LacZON, tumors showed accelerated growth kinetics compared with tumors in PBS-treated mice. Tlr9 upregulation in cancer cells triggered the selective accumulation of CD11b+Ly6GHILy6CLO myeloid cells, phenotypically similar to PMN-MDSCs. The PMN-MDSCs from tetracycline-treated RM9-Tlr9ON tumors increased the immunosuppressive activity of the STAT3 transcription factor, thereby more potently inhibiting T cell proliferation. We identified LIF, an IL-6-type cytokine and STAT3 activator, as a potential mediator of crosstalk between TLR9-expressing prostate cancer cells and PMN-MDSCs. Antibody-mediated LIF neutralization reduced the percentage of tumor-infiltrating PMN-MDSCs and inhibited tumor growth in mice. The clinical relevance of LIF is confirmed by the correlation between TLR9 and LIF expression in prostate cancer specimens. Furthermore, blood samples from patients with prostate cancer showed elevated levels of LIF and high LIFR expression on circulating PMN-MDSCs. Our results suggest that TLR9+ prostate cancers promote immune evasion via LIF-mediated expansion and activation of PMN-MDSCs. Finally, targeting TLR9/LIF/STAT3 signaling using oligonucleotide-based inhibitors, such as CpG-STAT3dODN, can offer new opportunities for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
All Power to All People?
Authors: Ware Syrus Marcus 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this article, the author considers the erasure of racialized and indigenous histories from white trans archives, time lines, and cartographies of resistance. The author examines interventions by black queer and trans historiographers, critics, and activists who have attempted to reinscribe blackness into the history of LGBTTI2QQ space in Toronto. Lastly, the author considers how power and privilege influence what is allowed to be remembered, and what is considered archivable. The classic archive structure—primarily white trans and queer archives—is the allegedly neutral disembodied collection of objects that create and inscribe a narrative of struggle and resistance that always begins with whiteness and that is used too often in the service of homonationalism, gay imperialism, and the vilification of the less progressive other. The author suggests that we start with a black trans and queer history as a way to orient us toward different pasts and futures, and a radically different account of the present and what needs to change.
“Chasing Rainbows”
Authors: Jaime Karen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this essay, the author argues that Ellison Renee Glenn as Black Cracker performs what LaMonda H. Stallings, drawing on the work of C. Riley Snorton, defines as a “transworld identity,” or as an “identity across possible worlds.” Specifically, the author focuses on how the move between the politics of the United States and abroad, evidenced in Glenn's cultural productions, also temporally shifts his work toward the creation of a queer, trans Afrofuture. An Afrofuturity sonically, visually, and textually reflected in his video for “Chasing Rainbows,” a track on his recently released PosTer Boy album that complicates our understanding of race, gender, and sexuality.
To Visualize the Queen Diva!
Authors: DeClue Jennifer 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article discusses the sonic presence and visual absence of legendary gender-nonconforming New Orleans–based bounce music artist Big Freedia in Beyoncé's music video “Formation.” “Formation” was released in February 2016 as the first piece of Beyoncé's visual album Lemonade. In this analysis the author considers the implications of Big Freedia's visual absence in the video as well as the black feminist potential of Big Freedia's vocal presence in “Formation.”
Tobacco control guide for school nurses: Electronic cigarettes
Authors: Croghan Emma 
Published: May 2017

Tobacco smoking remains a public health priority and school nurses have an important role to play in tobacco control. Even though the majority of smoking-related deaths are in people aged 35 years or older, the onset of smoking occurs primarily in adolescence, and most adult smokers report that they began smoking before the age of 18. There is also evidence of early physical harm from child and adolescent smoking. The first article in this mini-series looked at how school nurses can get involved in tobacco control, including whole-school policies and support for individuals. This second article focuses on electronic cigarettes, looking at use prevalence, discussing potential public health benefits and offering recommendations for school nurses.
The consequences of internal marketing activities on emotional labor in tourism industry
Authors: Üzümcü Tülay Polat , Günsel Ayşe , Yavaş Adem 
Published: May 2017

In today`s globalized business environments the road to survival and success is through customer satisfaction. Particularly for the service companies, employees are also required to show emotional labor in the service delivery in addition to their physical performance based on the fact that customer satisfaction is directly related to the emotions displayed by employees. Canalizing employees to perform emotional labor is an important issue. Here, the internal marketing practices emerge as a managerial tool. Accordingly employees perceptions towards internal marketing practices that are considered to have important consequences on companies, and the way internal marketing practices affect employees ‘emotional labor behavior are the matters of concern. The purpose of this study is to examine how internal marketing activities in tourism enterprises affect the behavior of emotional labor of the staff working in tourism enterprises. In this study, the effects of internal marketing activities on to the behavior of emotional labor of employees were examined. The survey was conducted on 136 employees working in hotel businesses operating in the Kocaeli province tourism sector and the hypotheses developed to investigate whether the internal marketing policies applied by hotel operators affect the behavior of emotional labor and the hypotheses developed for this purpose were tested with structural equation model as the SmartPLS 2.0. The literature of the study as conceptually has been extensively reviewed and after the analysis the findings of the research have been interpreted according to the literature. Findings show that internal marketing practices are positively and significantly related to surface acting and deep acting. Moreover, findings do not provide any empirical evidence to support the direct relationship between internal marketing practices and emotional mismatch. In addition to that, in the study some issues such as the importance of emotional labor for tourism enterprises and the relationship between the practices of internal marketing and emotional labor are discussed and suggested
Actividades latinoamericanas en el espacio ultraterrestre en el siglo XXI : una actualización.
Authors: Ospina Sylvia 
Published: May 2017

En el siglo XXI, los países latinoamericanos han hecho esfuerzos significativos para avanzar en sus programas espaciales. Estos esfuerzos han abarcado desde una indagatoria sobre la instalación de un sistema de satélites, como es el caso en Colombia, hasta el lanzamiento de satélites con la ayuda de gobiernos extranjeros, en el caso de Brasil, Argentina y Bolivia. En todos estos casos, la falta de un marco jurídico coherente que apoye un programa espacial sólido que proporcione comunicaciones por satélite a las poblaciones más vulnerables es uno de los desafíos más apremiantes. El Consejo Asesor de Generación Espacial (SGAC) podría resolver este problema mediante un proyecto unificador que pondrá todas las mentes y desarrolladores en el objetivo común de alcanzar la autonomía espacial para América Latina.
Specific biomarkers for C9orf72 FTD/ALS could expedite the journey towards effective therapies
Authors: Balendra Rubika , Moens Thomas G , Isaacs Adrian M 
Published: May 2017

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is a common genetic cause of ALS and FTD. The repeats are translated into five different dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). In this issue, Lehmer et al (2017) demonstrate that one of these DPRs, poly(GP), can be measured in the CSF of individuals with C9orf72 mutations. In conjunction with the findings from another recent study (Gendron et al, 2017), these DPR biomarkers may prove to be extremely valuable in the quest for effective therapies for C9FTD/ALS.
Development of a Medium Density Combined-Species SNP Array for Pacific and European Oysters (Crassostrea gigasandOstrea edulis)
Authors: Gutierrez Alejandro P , Turner Frances , Gharbi Karim , Talbot Richard , Lowe Natalie R , Peñaloza Carolina , McCullough Mark , Prodöhl Paulo A , Bean Tim P , Houston Ross D 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSNP arrays are enabling tools for high-resolution studies of the genetic basis of complex traits in farmed and wild animals. Oysters are of critical importance in many regions from both an ecological and economic perspective, and oyster aquaculture forms a key component of global food security. The aim of our study was to design a combined-species, medium density SNP array for Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and to test the performance of this array on farmed and wild populations from multiple locations, with a focus on European populations. SNP discovery was carried out by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of pooled genomic DNA samples from eight C. gigas populations, and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) of 11 geographically diverse O. edulis populations. Nearly 12 million candidate SNPs were discovered and filtered based on several criteria, including preference for SNPs segregating in multiple populations and SNPs with monomorphic flanking regions. An Affymetrix Axiom Custom Array was created and tested on a diverse set of samples (n = 219) showing ∼27 K high quality SNPs for C. gigas and ∼11 K high quality SNPs for O. edulis segregating in these populations. A high proportion of SNPs were segregating in each of the populations, and the array was used to detect population structure and levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Further testing of the array on three C. gigas nuclear families (n = 165) revealed that the array can be used to clearly distinguish between both families based on identity-by-state (IBS) clustering parental assignment software. This medium density, combined-species array will be publicly available through Affymetrix, and will be applied for genome-wide association and evolutionary genetic studies, and for genomic selection in oyster breeding programs.