bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world Helicobacter pylori diagnosis in patients referred for esophagoduodenoscopy: The gap between guidelines and clinical practice
Authors: Shirin Dor , Matalon Shay , Avidan Benjamin , Broide Efrat , Shirin Haim 
Published: January 2016

Background and aimsHistopathology is the most accurate test to detect H. pylori when performed correctly with unknown validity in daily practice clinic settings. We aimed to determine the rate of potentially false‐negative H. pylori results that might be due to continued use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in routine endoscopy practice. We also aimed to establish whether gastroenterologists recommend routine cessation of PPIs before esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and whether they regularly document that biopsies for H. pylori testing have been taken while the patients are on PPI treatment.MethodsDetailed information about three known factors (PPIs, antibiotics and prior H. pylori eradication treatment), which may cause histology or rapid urease test (RUT) to be unreliable, had been prospectively collected through interviews using a questionnaire before each test. Gastric biopsies were stained with H&E for histological analysis.ResultsA total of 409 individuals at three academic gastroenterology institutions were tested 200 times with histology. Fifty‐six per cent (68 of 122) of all negative tests fell in the category of continuing PPI use, which had the potential to make the histology and RUT results unreliable.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate a clear and important gap between current guidelines and real‐world practice with regards to the diagnosis of H. pylori during EGD. A negative histology or RUT should be considered false negative until potential protocol violations are excluded. Documentation of PPI use during the EGD should be an integral part of the EGD report. The current practice of taking biopsies for H. pylori testing in patients under PPIs should be reevaluated.
Suicidal Behavior and Associations with Quality of Life among HIV-Infected Patients in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oladeji Bibilola Damilola , Taiwo Babafemi , Mosuro Olushola , Fayemiwo Samuel A. , Abiona Taiwo , Fought Angela J. , Robertson Kevin , Ogunniyi Adesola , Adewole Isaac F. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Suicidality has rarely been studied in HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored suicidal behavior in a clinic sample of people living with HIV, in Nigeria. Methods: Consecutive patients were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-10.0) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL-HIV-BREF). Associations of suicidal behavior were explored using logistic regression models. Results: In this sample of 828 patients (71% female, mean age 41.3 ± 10 years), prevalence of suicidal behaviors were 15.1%, 5.8%, and 3.9% for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, respectively. Women were more likely than men to report suicidal ideation (odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.64). Depression and/or anxiety disorder was associated with increased odds of all suicidal behaviors. Suicidal behavior was associated with significantly lower overall and domain scores on the WHO-QOL. Conclusion: Suicidal behaviors were common and significantly associated with the presence of mental disorders and lower quality of life.
Prostaglandin E synthase is upregulated by Gas6 during cancer-induced venous thrombosis
Authors: Aghourian Meghedi N. , Lemarié Catherine A. , Bertin Francois-René , Blostein Mark D. 
Published: January 2016

Key PointsGas6 promotes cancer-induced thrombosis by regulating the expression of Ptges from the endothelium. Gas6-dependent PGE2 secretion from the endothelium leads to platelet activation and venous thrombosis.
Benefit of high-dose daunorubicin in AML induction extends across cytogenetic and molecular groups
Authors: Luskin Marlise R. , Lee Ju-Whei , Fernandez Hugo F. , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Bennett John M. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Levine Ross L. , Litzow Mark R. , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Patel Jay P. , Racevskis Janis , Rowe Jacob M. , Tallman Martin S. , Sun Zhuoxin , Luger Selina M. 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
High-dose daunorubicin benefits AML patients with favorable and intermediate cytogenetics and with FLT3-ITD, NPM1, and DNMT3A mutations. High-dose daunorubicin is required for the favorable impact of the NPM1 mutation in AML.
Phenotypic and genomic analysis of multiple myeloma minimal residual disease tumor cells: a new model to understand chemoresistance
Authors: Paiva Bruno , Corchete Luis A. , Vidriales Maria-Belen , Puig Noemi , Maiso Patricia , Rodriguez Idoia , Alignani Diego , Burgos Leire , Sanchez Maria-Luz , Barcena Paloma , Echeveste Maria-Asuncion , Hernandez Miguel T. , García-Sanz Ramón , Ocio Enrique M. , Oriol Albert , Gironella Mercedes , Palomera Luis , De Arriba Felipe , Gonzalez Yolanda , Johnson Sarah K. , Epstein Joshua , Barlogie Bart , Lahuerta Juan José , Blade Joan , Orfao Alberto , Mateos María-Victoria , San Miguel Jesús F. 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
We report for the first time the biological features of MRD cells in MM and unravel that clonal selection is already present at the MRD stage. MRD cells show a singular phenotypic signature that may result from persisting clones with different genetic and gene expression profiles.
Electrophoretically prepared hybrid materials for biopolymer hydrogel and layered ceramic nanoparticles
Authors: Gwak Gyeong-Hyeon , Choi Ae-Jin , Bae Yeoung-Seuk , Choi Hyun-Jin , Oh Jae-Min 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
In order to obtain biomaterials with controllable physicochemical properties, hybrid biomaterials composed of biocompatible biopolymers and ceramic nanoparticles have attracted interests. In this study, we prepared biopolymer/ceramic hybrids consisting of various natural biopolymers and layered double hydroxide (LDH) ceramic nanoparticles via an electrophoretic method. We studied the structures and controlled-release properties of these materials.

Results and discussion
X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) showed that LDH nanoparticles were formed in a biopolymer hydrogel through electrophoretic reaction. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed that the ceramic nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed throughout the hydrogel matrix. An antioxidant agent (i.e., ferulic acid) was loaded onto agarose/LDH and gelatin/LDH hybrids, and the time-dependent release of ferulic acid was investigated via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for kinetic model fitting.

Conclusions
Biopolymer/LDH hybrid materials that were prepared by electrophoretic method created a homogeneous composite of two components and possessed controllable drug release properties according to the type of biopolymer.
Mincle suppresses Toll-like receptor 4 activation
Authors: Greco Stephanie H , Mahmood Syed Kashif , Vahle Anne-Kristin , Ochi Atsuo , Batel Jennifer , Deutsch Michael , Barilla Rocky , Seifert Lena , Pachter H Leon , Daley Donnele , Torres-Hernandez Alejandro , Hundeyin Mautin , Mani Vishnu R , Miller George 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Regulation of Toll-like receptor responses is critical for limiting tissue injury and autoimmunity in both sepsis and sterile inflammation. We found that Mincle, a C-type lectin receptor, regulates proinflammatory Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Specifically, Mincle ligation diminishes Toll-like receptor 4–mediated inflammation, whereas Mincle deletion or knockdown results in marked hyperresponsiveness to lipopolysaccharide in vitro, as well as overwhelming lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation in vivo. Mechanistically, Mincle deletion does not up-regulate Toll-like receptor 4 expression or reduce interleukin 10 production after Toll-like receptor 4 ligation; however, Mincle deletion decreases production of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent inhibitory intermediate suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, A20, and ABIN3 and increases expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 coreceptor CD14. Blockade of CD14 mitigates the increased sensitivity of Mincle−/− leukocytes to Toll-like receptor 4 ligation. Collectively, we describe a major role for Mincle in suppressing Toll-like receptor 4 responses and implicate its importance in nonmycobacterial models of inflammation.
Cognitive ability in childhood and the chronicity and
suicidality of depression
Authors: Hung Galen Chin-Lun , Pietras Stefanie A. , Carliner Hannah , Martin Laurie , Seidman Larry J. , Buka Stephen L. , Gilman Stephen E. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThere is inconsistent evidence regarding the influence of general
cognitive abilities on the long-term course of depression.AimsTo investigate the association between general childhood cognitive
abilities and adult depression outcomes.MethodWe conducted a cohort study using data from 633 participants in the New
England Family Study with lifetime depression. Cognitive abilities at age
7 were measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
Depression outcomes were assessed using structured diagnostic interviews
administered up to four times in adulthood between ages 17 and 49.ResultsIn analyses adjusting for demographic factors and parental psychiatric
illness, low general cognitive ability (i.e. IQ<85 v.
IQ>115) was associated with recurrent depressive episodes (odds ratio
(OR) = 2.19, 95% CI 1.20–4.00), longer episode duration (rate ratio 4.21,
95% CI 2.24–7.94), admission to hospital for depression (OR = 3.65, 95%
CI 1.34–9.93) and suicide ideation (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.79–8.02) and
attempt (OR = 4.94, 95% CI 1.67–14.55).ConclusionsVariation in cognitive abilities, predominantly within the normal range
and established early in childhood, may confer long-term vulnerability
for prolonged and severe depression. The mechanisms underlying this
vulnerability need to be established to improve the prognosis of
depression among individuals with lower cognitive abilities.
Single-Dose Study of a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-1 Antagonist in Women With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Turcu Adina F. , Spencer-Segal Joanna L. , Farber Robert H. , Luo Rosa , Grigoriadis Dimitri E. , Ramm Carole A. , Madrigal David , Muth Tim , O'Brien Christopher F. , Auchus Richard J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Context:
Treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is difficult to optimize. Normalization of excessive ACTH and adrenal steroid production commonly requires supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids.

Objectives:
We evaluated the safety and tolerability of the selective corticotropin releasing factor type 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist NBI-77860 in women with classic 21OHD and tested the hypothesis that CRF1 receptor blockade decreases early-morning ACTH and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in these patients.

Participants:
The study enrolled eight classic 21OHD females, ages 18–58 years, seen at a single tertiary referral university setting.

Design:
This was a phase Ib, single-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-sequence, single-dose trial. During three treatment periods separated by 3-week washout intervals, patients sequentially received placebo, NBI-77860 300 mg, and NBI-77860 600 mg at 10 pm; glucocorticoid therapy was withheld for 20 hours. We evaluated ACTH, 17OHP, androstenedione, and testosterone as well as NBI-77860 pharmacokinetics over 24 hours.

Results:
Dose-dependent reductions of ACTH and/or 17OHP were observed in six of eight subjects. Relative to placebo, NBI-77860 led to an ACTH and 17OHP reduction by a mean of 43% and 0.7% for the 300 mg dose, respectively, and by 41% and 27% for the 600 mg dose, respectively. Both NBI-77860 doses were well tolerated.

Conclusion:
The meaningful reductions in ACTH and 17OHP following NBI-77860 dosing in 21OHD patients demonstrate target engagement and proof of principle in this disorder. These promising data provide a rationale for additional investigations of CRF1 receptor antagonists added to physiologic doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone acetate for the treatment of classic 21OHD.
Impact of Delay in Diagnosis in Outcomes in MEN1: Results From the Dutch MEN1 Study Group
Authors: van Leeuwaarde Rachel S. , van Nesselrooij Bernadette P. M. , Hermus Ad R. , Dekkers Olaf M. , de Herder Wouter W. , van der Horst-Schrivers Anouk N. , Drent Madeleine L. , Bisschop Peter H. , Havekes Bas , Vriens Menno R. , de Laat Joanne M. , Pieterman Carolina R. C. , Valk Gerlof D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Identifying a germline mutation in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in an index case has consequences for a whole family. Eligible family members should be offered genetic counseling and MEN1 mutation testing. Subsequently, clinical screening of mutation carriers according to the guidelines should be initiated. We assessed whether there is a lag time from MEN1 diagnosis of the index case to MEN1 diagnosis of family members. In addition, we determined whether this lag time was associated with an increased morbidity and mortality risk.

Design:
A cohort study was performed using the Dutch MEN1 database, including &gt;90% of the Dutch MEN1 population &gt;16 years of age (n = 393).

Results:
Fifty-eight MEN1 families were identified, of whom 57 were index cases and 247 were non-index cases (n = 304). The median lag time in MEN1 diagnosis of family members was 3.5 (range, 0–30) years. At the time of MEN1 diagnosis, 30 (12.1%) non-index cases had a duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, of whom 20% had metastases with a mean lag time of 10.9 years, in comparison with 7.1 years without metastases. Twenty-five (10.1%) non-index cases had a pituitary tumor, of whom 80% had a microadenoma and 20% had a macroadenoma, with mean lag times of 7.2 and 10.6 years, respectively. Ninety-five (38.4%) non-index cases had a primary hyperparathyroidism with a mean lag time of 9.5 years in comparison with seven patients without a primary hyperparathyroidism with a mean lag time of 3 years (P = .005). Ten non-index cases died because of a MEN1-related cause that developed during or before the lag time.

Conclusion:
There is a clinically relevant delay in MEN1 diagnosis in families because of a lag time between the diagnosis of an index case and the rest of the family. More emphasis should be placed on the conduct of proper counseling and genetic testing in all eligible family members.
COMP-assisted collagen secretion - a novel intracellular function required for fibrosis
Authors: Schulz Jan-Niklas , Nüchel Julian , Niehoff Anja , Bloch Wilhelm , Schönborn Katrin , Hayashi Shujiro , Kamper Matthias , Brinckmann Jürgen , Plomann Markus , Paulsson Mats , Krieg Thomas , Zaucke Frank , Eckes Beate 
Published: January 2016

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is an abundant component in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of load-bearing tissues such as tendons and cartilage. It serves adaptor functions by bridging different ECM structures. We previously showed that COMP is also a constitutive component of healthy human skin and strongly induced in fibrosis. It binds directly and with high affinity to collagen I and to collagen XII that decorates the surface of collagen I fibrils.
We demonstrate here that lack of COMP-collagen interaction in the extracellular space leads to changes in collagen fibril morphology and density resulting in altered skin biomechanical properties. Surprisingly, COMP also fulfills an important intracellular function in assisting efficient secretion of collagens, which were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum of COMP-null fibroblasts. Accordingly COMP-null mice showed severely attenuated fibrotic responses in skin. Collagen secretion was fully restored by introducing wild type COMP. Hence, our work unravels a novel, non-structural and intracellular function of the ECM protein COMP in controlling collagen secretion.
Collective selection of food patches in Drosophila
Authors: Lihoreau Mathieu , Clarke Ireni M. , Buhl Camille , Sumpter David J. T. , Simpson Stephen J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a model organism for research on social interactions. Although recent studies have described how individuals interact on foods for nutrition and reproduction, the complex dynamics by which groups initially develop and disperse have received little attention. Here we investigated the dynamics of collective foraging decisions by D. melanogaster and their variation with group size and composition. Groups of adults and larvae facing a choice between two identical, nutritionally balanced food patches distributed themselves asymmetrically, thereby exploiting one patch more than the other. The speed of the collective decisions increased with group size, as a result of flies joining foods faster. However, smaller groups exhibited more pronounced distribution asymmetries than larger ones. Using computer simulations, we show how these non-linear phenomena can emerge from social attraction towards occupied food patches, whose effects add up or compete depending on group size. Our results open new opportunities for exploring complex dynamics of nutrient selection in simple and genetically tractable groups.
A Decomposition-Based Algorithm for the Scheduling of Open-Pit Networks Over Multiple Time Periods
Authors: Blom Michelle L. , Pearce Adrian R. , Stuckey Peter J. 
Published: January 2016

We consider the multiple-time-period, short-term production scheduling problem for a network of multiple open-pit mines and ports. Ore produced at each mine, in each period, is transported by rail to a set of ports and blended into products for shipping. Each port forms these blends to a specification, as stipulated in contracts with downstream customers. This problem belongs to a class of multiple producer/consumer scheduling problems in which producers are able to generate a range of products, a combination of which are required by consumers to meet specified demands. In practice, short-term schedules are formed independently at each mine, tasked with achieving a grade and quality target outlined in a medium-term plan. Because of uncertainty in the data available to a medium-term planner and the dynamics of the mining environment, such targets may not be feasible in the short term. In this paper, we present an algorithm in which the grade and quality targets assigned to each mine are iteratively adapted, ensuring the satisfaction of blending constraints at each port while generating schedules for each mine that maximise resource utilisation. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Looking Across and Looking Beyond the Knowledge Frontier: Intellectual Distance, Novelty, and Resource Allocation in Science
Authors: Boudreau Kevin J. , Guinan Eva C. , Lakhani Karim R. , Riedl Christoph 
Published: January 2016

Selecting among alternative projects is a core management task in all innovating organizations. In this paper, we focus on the evaluation of frontier scientific research projects. We argue that the “intellectual distance” between the knowledge embodied in research proposals and an evaluator’s own expertise systematically relates to the evaluations given. To estimate relationships, we designed and executed a grant proposal process at a leading research university in which we randomized the assignment of evaluators and proposals to generate 2,130 evaluator–proposal pairs. We find that evaluators systematically give lower scores to research proposals that are closer to their own areas of expertise and to those that are highly novel. The patterns are consistent with biases associated with boundedly rational evaluation of new ideas. The patterns are inconsistent with intellectual distance simply contributing “noise” or being associated with private interests of evaluators. We discuss implications for policy, managerial intervention, and allocation of resources in the ongoing accumulation of scientific knowledge. This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
The Effect of Board Directors from Countries with Different Genetic Diversity Levels on Corporate Performance
Authors: Delis Manthos D. , Gaganis Chrysovalantis , Hasan Iftekhar , Pasiouras Fotios 
Published: January 2016

We link genetic diversity in the country of origin of the firms’ board members with corporate performance via board members’ nationality. We hypothesize that our approach captures deep-rooted differences in cultural, institutional, social, psychological, physiological, and other traits that cannot be captured by other recently measured indices of diversity. Using a panel of firms listed in the North American and UK stock markets, we find that adding board directors from countries with different levels of genetic diversity (either higher or lower) increases firm performance. This effect prevails when we control for a number of cultural, institutional, firm-level, and board member characteristics, as well as for the nationality of the board of directors. To identify the relationship, we use—as instrumental variables for our diversity indices—the migratory distance from East Africa and the level of ultraviolet exposure in the directors’ country of nationality.This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Capacitated Vehicle Routing with Nonuniform Speeds
Authors: Gørtz Inge Li , Molinaro Marco , Nagarajan Viswanath , Ravi R. 
Published: January 2016

The capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) involves distributing identical items from a depot to a set of demand locations using a single capacitated vehicle. We introduce the heterogeneous capacitated vehicle routing problem, a generalization of CVRP to the setting of multiple vehicles having nonuniform speeds, and present for it a constant-factor approximation algorithm. Our main contribution is an approximation algorithm for the heterogeneous traveling salesman problem, which is the special case of heterogeneous CVRP with uncapacitated vehicles. Given a metric denoting distances between vertices, a depot r containing k vehicles having respective speeds [Formula: see text], the objective in heterogeneous TSP is to find a tour for each vehicle (starting and ending at r) so that every vertex is covered in some tour and the maximum completion time is minimized; the completion time of a vehicle is the distance traveled divided by its speed. Our algorithm relies on a new approximate minimum spanning tree construction called Level-Prim, which is related to but different from Light Approximate Shortest-path Trees. We also extend the widely used tour-splitting technique to nonuniform speeds, using ideas from the 2-approximation algorithm for scheduling in unrelated machines.
Ambulance clinician assessment and management of transient loss of consciousness: a retrospective clinical audit
Authors: Shaw Joanna , Ulrich Alex , Fothergill Rachael T , Whitbread Mark 
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC) is thought to be underestimated and under-managed in the pre-hospital setting. This clinical audit aims to assess the compliance of ambulance clinicians against the National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidance on the management of patients with T-LOC. Method: Ninety-four patients' clinical records and electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed to determine appropriateness of assessment and patient management. Results: In this limited sample, findings show standard assessments and history documented for all patients were equally well recorded for T-LOC patients, but those specific to T-LOC were not. The number of ECGs conducted and interpreted correctly was an additional area of concern. Conclusions: Further assessments and history specific to T-LOC are required in the pre-hospital setting to ensure any potentially serious causes are recognised and these patients are taken to hospital.