bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE MOHO DEPTH OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA BASIN FROM THREE‐DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY INVERSION WITH CONSTRAINT POINTS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Zhao‐Cai WU , Jin‐Yao GAO , Wei‐Wei Ding , Zhong‐Yan SHEN , Tao ZHANG , Chun‐Guo YANG 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe calculate the gravity anomalies due to lateral changes in bathymetry from an independent topography compilation, and those due to changes in sediment thickness and density. To obtain the Moho depth and the crustal thickness of the South China Sea basin, the 3‐D gravity inversion method is employed, based on an “initial model of fluctuating interface” constrained by the control points from seismic data and sonobuoys. And then, the gravity data is corrected for the lithospheric thermal gravity anomaly within continental margin due to lithosphere thinning. Over most of the South China Sea basin, the Moho depth ranges between 8∼14 km, the crustal thickness is 3∼9 km. The NNE trending fossil spreading center of the East and the Southwest Basin extend to 112°E, the Moho depth is more than 12 km, the crustal thickness is above 6 km in the spreading center. However, the crust of the spreading center at the northwest basin is not obviously thickened. In the northern margin of the southwest basin, south of Zhongsha block, there is a crustal thinning belt, nearly EW trending, where the crustal thickness is about 9∼10 km. The 14 km isoline of the Moho depth and the 9 km isoline of the crustal thickness are very close to the Continent‐Ocean Boundary.
Discovery and Mechanistic Elucidation of a Class of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Glioblastoma
Authors: Kyani Anahita , Tamura Shuzo , Yang Suhui , Shergalis Andrea , Samanta Soma , Kuang Yuting , Ljungman Mats , Neamati Nouri 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is overexpressed in glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer, and folds nascent proteins responsible for the progression and spread of the disease. Herein we describe a novel nanomolar PDI inhibitor, pyrimidotriazinedione 35G8, that is toxic in a panel of human glioblastoma cell lines. We performed a medium‐throughput 20 000‐compound screen of a diverse subset of 1 000 000 compounds to identify cytotoxic small molecules. Cytotoxic compounds were screened for PDI inhibition, and, from the screen, 35G8 emerged as the most cytotoxic inhibitor of PDI. Bromouridine labeling and sequencing (Bru‐seq) of nascent RNA revealed that 35G8 induces nuclear factor‐like 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and autophagy. Specifically, 35G8 upregulated heme oxygenase 1 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) transcription and protein expression and repressed PDI target genes such as thioredoxin‐interacting protein 1 (TXNIP) and early growth response 1 (EGR1). Interestingly, 35G8‐induced cell death did not proceed via apoptosis or necrosis, but by a mixture of autophagy and ferroptosis. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate a mechanism for a novel PDI inhibitor as a chemical probe to validate PDI as a target for brain cancer.
Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after adjuvant chemotherapy: A population‐based study among older breast cancer patients
Authors: Rosenstock Aron S. , Niu Jiangong , Giordano Sharon H. , Zhao Hui , Wolff Antonio C. , Chavez‐MacGregor Mariana 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDChemotherapy for early breast cancer is associated with a small risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was to determine the risk of developing AML or MDS after modern adjuvant chemotherapy in older breast cancer patients and to further define the risk of individual chemotherapy regimens.METHODSPatients diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer from 2003 to 2009 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare and Texas Cancer Registry–Medicare linked databases. The development of AML/MDS, chemotherapy use, and comorbidities were identified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes. Analyses included descriptive statistics, cumulative incidences, and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard of AML/MDS after adjustments for clinically relevant covariates.RESULTSIn all, 92,110 patients were included; after a median follow‐up of 85 months, the overall rates per 1000 person‐years were 0.65 for AML and 1.56 for MDS. Patients who received an anthracycline (A) or anthracycline and taxane (A+T) regimen were more likely to develop AML (hazard ratio [HR] for A, 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16‐2.50; HR for A+T, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.22‐2.30) or MDS (HR for A, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.70‐2.80; HR for A+T, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.29‐2.03) than patients who did not receive chemotherapy. Patients using docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) were not at increased risk for AML or MDS.CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of AML and MDS, especially with regimens that include A. Longer follow‐up is needed to confirm that risk is not increased with the recently adopted TC regimen. Cancer 2018;124:899‐906. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Electric double layer electrostatics of lipid‐bilayer‐encapsulated nanoparticles: Toward a better understanding of protocell electrostatics
Authors: Jing Haoyuan , Das Siddhartha 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLipid‐bilayer‐encapsulated nanoparticles (LBLENPs) or NP‐supported LBL systems, such as protocells (which are lipid bilayer encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles or MSNPs) have received extensive attention for applications like targeted drug and gene deliveries, multimodal diagnostics, characterization of membrane‐geometry sensitive molecules, etc. Very often electrostatic‐mediated interactions have been hypothesized to play key roles in the functioning of these LBLENPs. Despite that, very little has been done to theoretically quantify the fundamental electric double layer (EDL) electrostatics of such LBLENPs. In this study, we develop an EDL theory to describe the electrostatics of such LBLENPs. We show that the electrostatics is a manifestation of the charged/dielectric nature of the NP, LBL structure and charging, and the ionic environment in which the LBLENPs are present. We also establish that for certain conditions of charging of the NP one witnesses a most remarkable charge inversion like electrostatics within the LBL membrane or the NP itself. We anticipate that our findings will provide an extremely useful platform for better understanding the fabrication and functioning of such LBLENPs and discuss examples where our theory can be useful.
Electrochromatographic performance of graphene and graphene oxide modified silica particles packed capillary columns
Authors: Zhao Hongyan , Wang Yizhou , Zhang Danyu , Cheng Heyong , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGraphene oxide functionalized silica microspheres (GO@SiO2) were synthesized based on condensation reaction between amino from aminosilica particles and carboxyl groups from GO. Reduction of GO@SiO2 with hydrazinium hydroxide generated graphene modified silica particles (G@SiO2). GO@SiO2 and G@SiO2 packed capillary columns for capillary electrochromatography were thereafter fabricated by pressure slurry packing with single‐particle frits. GO of 0.3 mg/mL in dispersion solution for GO@SiO2 synthesis was considered as a compromise between retaining and column efficiency whereas GO@SiO2 of 20 mg/mL in slurries for column packing was chosen for a homogenous and tight bed. Optimum mobile phases were acquired considering both electroosmotic flow and resolution at an applied voltage of −6 kV as the following: acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 7.0), 75:25 (v/v) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 50:50 (v/v) for aromatic compounds. A comparison was made between electrochromatographic performances for three PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene) and three aromatic compounds of various polarities (toluene, aniline and phenol) on bare aminosilica, GO@SiO2 and G@SiO2 packed columns, which proved the contribution of alone or combinational actions of solvophobic effect and π‐π electron stacking as well as hydrogen bonds to retaining behaviors by GO@SiO2 and G@SiO2. Well over‐run, over‐day and over‐column precisions (retention time: 0.3–1.4, 1.1–3.8 and 2.8–5.2%, respectively; peak area: 2.6–6.5, 4.8–8.3 and 6.5–12.6%, respectively) of GO@SiO2 packed columns were a powerful proof for good reproducibility. Analytical characteristics of GO@SiO2 packed capillary columns in CEC analysis of fresh water were evaluated with respect to linearity (R2 = 0.9961–0.9989) over the range 0.1 to 100 mg/L and detection limits of 9.5 for naphthalene, 12.6 for fluorene and 16.2 μg/L for phenanthrene. Further application to fresh water increased the visibility of the proposed material, where good spike recoveries in the range 89–96% were offered.
Linear‐elastic lateral load analysis and seismic design of pin‐supported wall‐frame structures with yielding dampers
Authors: Sun Tianshu , Kurama Yahya C. , Zhang Peizhou , Ou Jinping 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper describes an analytical investigation on a reinforced concrete lateral load resisting structural system comprising a pin‐supported (base‐rocking) shear wall coupled with a moment frame on 1 or both sides of the wall. Yielding dampers are used to provide supplemental energy dissipation through the relative displacements at the vertical connections between the wall and the frames. The study extends a previous linear‐elastic model for pin‐supported wall‐frame structures by including the effects of the dampers. A closed‐form solution of the lateral load behavior of the structure is derived by approximating the discrete wall‐frame‐damper interactions with distributed (ie, continuous) properties. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the closed‐form results with computational models using OpenSees program. Then, a parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of the wall, frame, and damper stiffness on the behavior of the structure. It is found that the damper stiffness significantly affects the distribution of shear forces and bending moments over the wall height. Finally, the performance‐based plastic design approach extended to the wall‐frame‐damper system is proposed. Case studies are carried out to design 2 damped pin‐supported wall‐frame structures using the proposed approach. Nonlinear dynamic time‐history analyses are conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method. Results indicate that the designed structures can achieve the performance level with the story drift ratios less than target values, and weak‐story failure mechanism is not observed. The approach can be used in engineering applications.
Triangulation hand‐held laser‐scanning (TriHaLaS) for micro‐ and meso‐habitat surveys in streams
Authors: Noss Christian , Wilkinson Jeremy , Lorke Andreas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel hand‐held laser‐based stream bed survey system is presented. The system facilitates the capture of detailed 3D mapping of shallow (< 0.7 m) riverbed topography in sections approximately 4 m by 2 m. The system includes a stationary reference system, which projects three laser sheets (two at offset angles), within which a hand‐held monitoring pole is moved. The unique configuration of the light sheets intercepts with the pole as it moves within the survey area providing an exact horizontal location. Pole tilt is compensated for by an inertial measurement unit on the pole, and the height above the bed of the pole and submerged scanning laser are monitored relative to the horizontal laser sheet. Verification and application measurements demonstrate high resolution and accuracy in the horizontal (~5 mm) and vertical (~1 mm) direction. The system can be applied at sites where a free view is blocked and other optical through‐water methods fail. It is appropriate for studies on riverbed statistics and dynamics, which necessitate non‐invasive in‐situ surveys. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geological and geochemical characteristics and prospecting potential of the Daqiao hot spring‐type gold deposit in the west Qinling Orogen
Authors: Liu Yunhua , Han Yixiao , Wei Juzhen , Teng Fei , Tian Runqing , Gao Zuoyu 
Published: December 2017

Great breakthroughs have recently been made in discovery of gold deposits in the west Qinling Orogen, which is an important component of the Central China Orogen, the most important gold metallogenic region in China, with numerous developed gold deposits. The Daqiao gold deposit is located in the west Qinling region of the Central China Orogen at the convergence of the Minxian–Dangchang–Liangdang and Zhouqu–Chengxian thrust and nappe tectonic belts. The gold orebodies exist in the silicolites occurring in a funnel shape at the lithologic unconformity between the Triassic lower limestone and argillaceous slate; ore types are dominated by siliceous breccia type, and ores are dominated by brecciated, filmy, crusty, veinlet–mesh vein, and porous structures, with silicification and kaolinization developed widely. The silicolites have δ30Si = −0.7–0.4‰ and δ18O = 12.8–17.9‰; their formation temperature calculated with an oxygen isotope thermometer is 108–182 °C. These features indicate characteristics of hot spring‐type gold deposits. The δ34S values of the pyrite (from 1.6‰ to 9.41‰ in the early period and −11.6‰ to 9.82‰ in the late period) and the lead isotope results show that the metallogenic materials were from a mixture of magmas and strata in the early period and from strata in the late period. The zircon SHRIMP U–Pb age of the granodiorite related to mineralization is 230.9 ± 1.9 Ma. A comprehensive study of the Daqiao gold deposit indicates that it is a hot spring‐type gold deposit, formed in an intracontinental orogenic environment.
Silver nanoparticles increase connexin43‐mediated gap junctional intercellular communication in HaCaT cells through activation of reactive oxygen species and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal pathway
Authors: Qin Yu , Han Limin , Yang Di , Wei Hongying , Liu Yue , Xu Junhui , Autrup Herman , Deng Furong , Guo Xinbiao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in health and consumer products that routinely contact skin. However, the biological effects and possible mechanisms of AgNPs on skin remain unclear. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) plays a critical role in multicellular organisms to maintain tissue homeostasis. The aim of this study is to examine if non‐coated AgNPs affect GJIC in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), and to identify the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects. GJIC, connexin (Cx)43 protein and mRNA expression, and the effect of siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Cx43 on GJIC were assessed. HaCaT cells exposed to non‐coated AgNPs at different doses after a 24 hour exposure. To explore further the underlying mechanism, reactive oxygen species and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway were evaluated after 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Our results revealed that non‐coated AgNP exposure at subcytotoxic doses increase GJIC partially via Cx43 upregulation. Reactive oxygen species and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase were involved in the AgNP‐induced upregulation of Cx43. This study provides new insight into the potential mechanism of AgNP biological activity.
Silencing of phospholipase C gamma 2 promotes proliferation of rat hepatocytes in vitro
Authors: Chen Xiaoguang , Zhu Xuemin , Liu Yumei , Lv Qiongxia , Ma Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe management of hepatic failure is undoubtedly difficult, and poor results have led to the search for novel therapeutic approaches. Nowadays, anti‐apoptotic gene therapy is considered as an ideal approach. It has been proved that phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) is involved in the apoptosis of immune cells and tumor cells; however, whether this gene is related to hepatocyte death is still unclear. This study examined the role of PLCγ2 by inhibiting its expression in rat hepatocytes with siRNA. We also further analyzed the cellular mechanism by which the expression inhibition of PLCγ2 induces cell death. Silencing PLCγ2 gene by adenovirus vector expressing PLCγ2‐targeted siRNA caused the great decline in the number of G1‐ and G2/M phase cells, the significant increase in the number of S phase cells, and the obvious reduction in apoptosis index. In addition, silencing PLCγ2 gene relieved the rat hepatocyte damage, such as the cell shrinkage and chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation. Further analysis of Ad‐PLCγ2 siRNA‐transfected hepatocytes demonstrated that suppression of PLCγ2 gene expression could cause the caspase dependent cell death by inhibiting the signal pathway MEKK1/MKK4/JNK1/2/c‐Jun. In conclusion, these findings suggest that interference with PLCγ2 expression could relieve the inhibitory effect of PLCγ2 on hepaocyte apoptosis, thus, promote proliferation through inactivating PKCδ‐mediated JNK1/2 signaling pathway.
MicroRNAs and exosomes in depression: Potential diagnostic biomarkers
Authors: Tavakolizadeh Jahanshir , Roshanaei Kambiz , Salmaninejad Arash , Yari Reza , Nahand Javid Sadri , Sarkarizi Hoda Khoshdel , Mousavi Seyed Mojtaba , Salarinia Reza , Rahmati Majid , Mousavi Seyed Farshid , Mokhtari Ryan , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDepression is known as one of important psychiatric disorders which could be associated with disability among various populations. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV) and international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD‐10) could be used as subjective diagnostic schemes for identification of mental disorders such as depression. Utilization of subjective diagnostic schemes are associated with limitations. Hence, it seems that employing of new diagnosis platforms is required. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that measurement of several biomarkers could be useful for detection patients with depression. Among of various types of biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been emerged as powerful tools for diagnosis patients with depression. MiRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs which act as epigenetic regulators. It has been showed that these molecules have critical roles in pathogenesis of many diseases such as depression. These molecules exert their effects via targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways involved in initiation and progression of depression. Hence, miRNAs could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in patients with depression. Besides miRNAs, exosomes as nano‐ carriers could have been emerged as diagnostic biomarkers in several diseases such as depression. These vesicles are able to carry several cargos such as DNAs, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs to recipient cells. Here, we summarized several miRNAs involved in pathogenesis and response to treatment of depression which could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, we highlighted exosomes as new diagnostic biomarkers for patients with depression.
Variations from morning to afternoon of middle cerebral and umbilical artery blood flow, and fetal heart rate variability, and fetal characteristics in the normally developing fetus
Authors: Avitan Tehila , Sanders Ari , Brain Ursula , Rurak Dan , Oberlander Tim F , Lim Ken 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if there are changes in maternal uterine blood flow, fetal brain blood flow, fetal heart rate variability, and umbilical blood flow between morning (AM) and afternoon (PM) in healthy, uncomplicated pregnancies.Study DesignIn this prospective study, 68 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies (mean 35 + 0.7 weeks gestation) underwent a standard observational protocol at both 08:00 (AM) and 13:30 (PM) of the same day. This protocol included Doppler measurements of uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) volume flow parameters (flow, HR, peak systolic velocity [PSV], PI, and RI) followed by computerized cardiotocography. Standard descriptive statistics, χ2 and t tests were used where appropriate. P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsA significant increase in MCA flow and MCA PSV was observed in the PM compared to the AM. This was accompanied by a fall in MCA resistance. Higher umbilical artery resistance indices were also observed in the PM compared to AM. In contrast, fetal heart rate characteristics, maternal uterine artery Doppler flow and resistance indices did not vary significantly between the AM and PM.ConclusionIn normal pregnancies, variations in fetal cerebral and umbilical blood flow parameters were observed between AM and PM independent of other fetal movements or baseline fetal heart rate. In contrast, uterine flow parameters remained stable across the day. These findings may have implications for the use of serial Doppler parameters used to guide clinical management in high‐risk pregnancies.
Constructing quasiminimal structures
Authors: Haykazyan Levon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractQuasiminimal structures play an important role in non‐elementary categoricity. In this paper we explore possibilities of constructing quasiminimal models of a given first‐order theory. We present several constructions with increasing control of the properties of the outcome using increasingly stronger assumptions on the theory. We also establish an upper bound on the Hanf number of the existence of arbitrarily large quasiminimal models.
Two‐dimensional antiscatter grid: A novel scatter rejection device for Cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Alexeev Timur , Kavanagh Brian , Miften Moyed , Altunbas Cem 
Published: December 2017

PurposeScattered radiation remains to be a major cause of image quality degradation in Flat Panel Detector (FPD)‐based Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). We have been investigating a novel two‐dimensional antiscatter grid (2D‐ASG) concept to reduce scatter intensity, and hence improve CBCT image quality. We present the first CBCT imaging experiments performed with the 2D‐ASG prototype, and demonstrate its efficacy in improving CBCT image quality.MethodsA 2D‐ASG prototype with septa focused to x‐ray source was additively manufactured from tungsten and mounted on a Varian TrueBeam CBCT system. CBCT projections of phantoms were acquired with an offset detector geometry using TrueBeam's “developer” mode. To minimize the effect of gantry flex, projections were gain corrected on angle‐specific bases. CBCT images were reconstructed using a filtered backprojection algorithm and image quality improvement was quantified by measuring contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and CT number accuracy in images acquired with no antiscatter grid (NO‐ASG), conventional one dimensional antiscatter grid (1D‐ASG), and the 2D‐ASG prototype.ResultsA significant improvement in contrast resolution was achieved using our 2D‐ASG prototype compared to results of 1D‐ASG and NO‐ASG acquisitions. Compared to NO‐ASG and 1D‐ASG experiments, the CNR of material inserts improved by as much as 86% and 54% respectively. Using 2D‐ASG, CT number underestimation in water equivalent material section of the phantom was reduced by up to 325 HU when compared to NO‐ASG and up to 179 HU when compared to 1D‐ASG.ConclusionWe successfully performed the first CBCT imaging experiments with a 2D‐ASG prototype. 2D‐ASG provided significantly higher CT number accuracy, higher CNR, and diminished scatter‐induced image artifacts in qualitative evaluations. We strongly believe that utilization of a 2D‐ASG may potentially lead to better soft tissue visualization in CBCT and may enable novel clinical applications that require high CT number accuracy.