bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the bacterial community composition and heterotrophic production of Columbia River estuarine turbidity maxima
Authors: Herfort Lydie , Crump Byron C. , Fortunato Caroline S. , McCue Lee Ann , Campbell Victoria , Simon Holly M. , Baptista António M. , Zuber Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEstuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) function as hotspots of microbial activity and diversity in estuaries, yet, little is known about the temporal and spatial variability in ETM bacterial community composition. To determine which environmental factors affect ETM bacterial populations in the Columbia River estuary, we analyzed ETM bacterial community composition (Sanger sequencing and amplicon pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene) and bulk heterotrophic production (3H‐leucine incorporation rates). We collected water 20 times to cover five ETM events and obtained 42 samples characterized by different salinities, turbidities, seasons, coastal regimes (upwelling vs. downwelling), locations, and particle size. Spring and summer populations were distinct. All May samples had similar bacterial community composition despite having different salinities (1–24 PSU), but summer non‐ETM bacteria separated into marine, freshwater, and brackish assemblages. Summer ETM bacterial communities varied depending on coastal upwelling or downwelling conditions and on the sampling site location with respect to tidal intrusion during the previous neap tide. In contrast to ETM, whole (>0.2 μm) and free‐living (0.2–3 μm) assemblages of non‐ETM waters were similar to each other, indicating that particle‐attached (>3 μm) non‐ETM bacteria do not develop a distinct community. Brackish water type (ETM or non‐ETM) is thus a major factor affecting particle‐attached bacterial communities. Heterotrophic production was higher in particle‐attached than free‐living fractions in all brackish waters collected throughout the water column during the rise to decline of turbidity through an ETM event (i.e., ETM‐impacted waters). However, free‐living communities showed higher productivity prior to or after an ETM event (i.e., non‐ETM‐impacted waters). This study has thus found that Columbia River ETM bacterial communities vary based on seasons, salinity, sampling location, and particle size, with the existence of three particle types characterized by different bacterial communities in ETM, ETM‐impacted, and non‐ETM‐impacted brackish waters. Taxonomic analysis suggests that ETM key biological function is to remineralize organic matter.
Critical appraisal of clinical trials in multiple system atrophy: Toward better quality
Authors: Castro Caldas Ana , Levin Johannes , Djaldetti Ruth , Rascol Olivier , Wenning Gregor , Ferreira Joaquim J. ,   on behalf of the Movement Disorders Society MSA Study Group
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease of undetermined cause. Although many clinical trials have been conducted, there is still no treatment that cures the disease or slows its progression. We sought to assess the clinical trials, methodology, and quality of reporting of clinical trails conducted in MSA patients. We conducted a systematic review of all trials with at least 1 MSA patient subject to any pharmacological/nonpharmacological interventions. Two independent reviewers evaluated the methodological characteristics and quality of reporting of trials. A total of 60 clinical trials were identified, including 1375 MSA patients. Of the trials, 51% (n = 31) were single‐arm studies. A total of 28% (n = 17) had a parallel design, half of which (n = 13) were placebo controlled. Of the studies, 8 (13.3%) were conducted in a multicenter setting, 3 of which were responsible for 49.3% (n = 678) of the total included MSA patients. The description of primary outcomes was unclear in 60% (n = 40) of trials. Only 10 (16.7%) clinical trials clearly described the randomization process. Blinding of the participants, personnel, and outcome assessments were at high risk of bias in the majority of studies. The number of dropouts/withdrawals was high (n = 326, 23.4% among the included patients). Overall, the design and quality of reporting of the reviewed studies is unsatisfactory. The most frequent clinical trials were small and single centered. Inadequate reporting was related to the information on the randomization process, sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants, and sample size calculations. Although improved during the recent years, methodological quality and trial design need to be optimized to generate more informative results. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, improves bladder blood supply and restores the initial phase of lower urinary tract dysfunction in diabetic rats
Authors: Gotoh Daisuke , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tatsumi Yoshihiro , Hori Shunta , Yamada Atsushi , Miyake Makito , Morizawa Yosuke , Aoki Katsuya , Tanaka Nobumichi , Hirayama Akihide , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: August 2017

AimsTo investigate the effect of tadalafil on bladder blood flow and lower urinary tract function in a rat model of diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe studied female Sprague‐Dawley rats and induced diabetes in some using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. We divided the rats into nondiabetes (ND), diabetes (D), and diabetes with tadalafil (DT) groups. The rats were raised for an additional 7 weeks after diabetes induction. The DT group received oral tadalafil (2 mg/kg/day) for 7 days before the experiments. At 7 weeks after diabetes induction, we performed cystometry, resected the bladders for immunohistochemistry (hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α [HIF‐1α] and 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine [8‐OHdG] staining), and measured bladder blood supply using a laser blood flow meter.ResultsThe opening pressure, when the urethra opens and urine flow starts, was significantly lower in the DT group than in the D group (24.9 ± 5.9 vs 43.6 ± 12.3 cmH2O). The inter‐contraction interval was significantly longer in the D group than in the ND and DT groups (1566.2 ± 168.7 vs 702.9 ± 165.2 and 787.4 ± 148.8 s). Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of the urothelial layer for both HIF‐1α and 8‐OHdG in the D group, but not in the ND or DT groups. Bladder blood flow was significantly lower in the D group than in the ND or DT groups.ConclusionsTadalafil improves bladder blood supply and lower urinary tract function in diabetic rats. Tadalafil may be a promising drug that restores lower urinary tract dysfunction in the early phase of diabetes.
Structural properties of a class of robust inventory and queueing control problems
Authors: Turgay Zeynep , Karaesmen Fikri , Lerzan Örmeci Egemen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn standard stochastic dynamic programming, the transition probability distributions of the underlying Markov Chains are assumed to be known with certainty. We focus on the case where the transition probabilities or other input data are uncertain. Robust dynamic programming addresses this problem by defining a min‐max game between Nature and the controller. Considering examples from inventory and queueing control, we examine the structure of the optimal policy in such robust dynamic programs when event probabilities are uncertain. We identify the cases where certain monotonicity results still hold and the form of the optimal policy is determined by a threshold. We also investigate the marginal value of time and the case of uncertain rewards.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 65: 699–716, 2018
Dairy Attenuates Weight Gain to a Similar Extent as Exercise in Rats Fed a High‐Fat, High‐Sugar Diet
Authors: Trottier Sarah K. , MacPherson Rebecca E.K. , Knuth Carly M. , Townsend Logan K. , Peppler Willem T. , Mikhaeil John S. , Leveille Cameron F. , LeBlanc Paul J. , Shearer Jane , Reimer Raylene A. , Wright David C. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the individual and combined effects of dairy and endurance exercise training in reducing weight gain and adiposity in a rodent model of diet‐induced obesity.MethodsAn 8‐week feeding intervention of a high‐fat, high‐sugar diet was used to induce obesity in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Rats were then assigned to one of four groups for 6 weeks: (1) casein sedentary (casein‐S), (2) casein exercise (casein‐E), (3) dairy sedentary (dairy‐S), and (4) dairy exercise (dairy‐E). Rats were exercise trained by treadmill running 5 d/wk.ResultsDairy‐E prevented weight gain to a greater extent than either dairy or exercise alone. Adipose tissue and liver mass were reduced to a similar extent in dairy‐S, casein‐E, and dairy‐E groups. Differences in weight gain were not explained by food intake or total energy expenditure. The total amount of lipid excreted was greater in the dairy‐S compared to casein‐S and dairy‐E groups.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that dairy limits weight gain to a similar extent as exercise training and the combined effects are greater than either intervention alone. While exercise training reduces weight gain through increases in energy expenditure, dairy appears to increase lipid excretion in the feces.
Reduced Willingness to Expend Effort for Reward in Obesity: Link to Adherence to a 3‐Month Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Mata Fernanda , Treadway Michael , Kwok Alastair , Truby Helen , Yücel Murat , Stout Julie C. , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to (1) compare the willingness to expend effort for rewards between young adults with healthy weight, overweight, and obesity; and (2) to examine how individual differences in the willingness to expend effort for rewards predict adherence to weight loss treatment.MethodsSeventy‐three participants completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT). Of those 73 participants, 42 young adults with excess weight took part in a 3‐month weight loss treatment after completing the EEfRT. Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare the groups with healthy weight, overweight, and obesity in the EEfRT. Logistic regression models, including the proportion of hard‐task choices for each reward probability condition as predictors (12%, 50%, and 88%), were conducted to longitudinally predict adherence in the treatment.ResultsYoung adults with obesity were significantly less willing to expend effort for high‐magnitude rewards compared with participants with overweight (P = 0.05). The willingness to expend effort for uncertain rewards (50% probability) was distinguished between completers and dropouts in the weight loss treatment (χ2 = 5.04, P < 0.02).ConclusionsYoung adults with obesity, compared with their counterparts with overweight, have diminished motivation to expend effort for obtaining high‐magnitude rewards. Less willingness to expend effort for the most uncertain rewards predicts poor adherence to weight loss treatment.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Associations with Metabolic Health Across Weight Statuses in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kuzik Nicholas , Carson Valerie , Andersen Lars Bo , Sardinha Luís B. , Grøntved Anders , Hansen Bjørge Herman , Ekelund Ulf ,   the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Collaborators
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic health across weight statuses and the associations of physical activity and sedentary time within and across metabolic health‐weight status groups.MethodsSix studies (n = 4,581) from the International Children's Accelerometry Database were used. Sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were accelerometer derived. Individuals were classified with normal weight (NW), overweight, or obesity. Strict and lenient composite definitions of metabolic health were created. Binomial and multinomial logistic regressions controlling for age, sex, study, and accelerometer wear time were conducted.ResultsThe metabolically unhealthy (MU) prevalence was 26.4% and 45.6% based on two definitions. Across definitions, more sedentary time was associated with higher odds of MU classification compared with metabolically healthy (MH) classification for the NW group. More MVPA was associated with lower odds of MU classification than MH classification for NW and overweight groups. For multinomial logistic regressions, more MVPA was associated with lower odds of MH‐obesity classification, as well as MU‐NW, ‐overweight, and ‐obesity classifications, compared with the MH‐NW group. Furthermore, more sedentary time was associated with higher odds of MU‐NW classification compared with the MH‐NW group.ConclusionsMore MVPA was beneficial for metabolic health and weight status, whereas lower sedentary time was beneficial for metabolic health alone, although associations were weak.
4,5‐Di‐O‐Caffeoylquinic Acid from Ligularia fischeri Suppresses Inflammatory Responses Through TRPV1 Activation
Authors: Kim Yiseul , Kim Jung Tae , Park Joonwoo , Son Hee Jin , Kim Eun‐Young , Lee Young Joo , Rhyu Mee‐Ra 
Published: August 2017

Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz., a perennial plant native to northeastern Asia, has long been used as folk remedies for the alleviation of inflammatory symptoms. We investigated whether the extract of L. fischeri (LFEx) and caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives, the pharmacologically active ingredients identified from L. fischeri, regulate inflammation via a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)‐mediated pathway. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels to the LFEx and trans‐5‐O‐CQA, 3,4‐di‐O‐CQA, 3,5‐di‐O‐CQA, and 4,5‐di‐O‐CQA were monitored in TRPV1‐expressing human embryonic kidney cell HEK 293T. LFEx and 4,5‐di‐O‐CQA (EC50 = 69.34 ± 1.12 μM) activated TRPV1, and these activations were significantly inhibited by ruthenium red, a general blocker of TRP channels, and capsazepine, a specific antagonist of TRPV1. 4,5‐Di‐O‐CQA has been determined having antiinflammatory effect under hypoxic conditions by detecting the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), a representative inflammatory marker, and cellular migration in human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. 4,5‐Di‐O‐CQA suppressed COX‐2 expression and cell migration, and this inhibition was countered by co‐treatment with capsazepine. This study provides evidence that L. fischeri is selective to inflammatory responses via a TRPV1‐mediated pathway, and 4,5‐di‐O‐CQA might play a key role to create these effects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a novel robotic platform with controllable stiffness manipulation arms for laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery (LESS)
Authors: Wang Jianchen , Wang Shuxin , Li Jinhua , Ren Xiangyun , Briggs Randall Miller 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundFor current LESS robotic systems, the trade‐off between dexterity and payload capability is always present. This paper presents a novel LESS robotic platform equipped with controllable stiffness manipulation arms.MethodsEach manipulation arm with an articulated section and a controllable stiffness continuum section (CSCS) can be switched between a 7‐DoF compliant status and 5‐DoF rigid status according to the operation requirement. Screw theory and product exponential formula are used to quantify the kinematic performance.ResultsThe stiffness of the manipulation arm promotes 3.03 to 4.12 times from compliant to rigid CSCS with maximum payload of 10 N in rigid status. The shortest rigid/compliant switching time is 5 s. The precision of a tracking test and an ex vivo procedure verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the controllable stiffness manipulation arms.ConclusionsThis robot could potentially improve the surgical performance and further expand robotic LESS procedures.
Input‐to‐state exponents and related ISS for delayed discrete‐time systems with application to impulsive effects
Authors: Liu Bin , Hill David J. , Sun Zhijie 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper aims to investigate the input‐to‐state exponents (IS‐e) and the related input‐to‐state stability (ISS) for delayed discrete‐time systems (DDSs). By using the method of variation of parameters and introducing notions of uniform and weak uniform M‐matrix, the estimates for 3 kinds of IS‐e are derived for time‐varying DDSs. The exponential ISS conditions with parts suitable for infinite delays are thus established, by which the difference from the time‐invariant case is shown. The exponential stability of a time‐varying DDS with zero external input cannot guarantee its ISS. Moreover, based on the IS‐e estimates for DDSs, the exponential ISS under events criteria for DDSs with impulsive effects are obtained. The results are then applied in 1 example to test synchronization in the sense of ISS for a delayed discrete‐time network, where the impulsive control is designed to stabilize such an asynchronous network to the synchronization.
Porous Cobalt Phosphide Polyhedrons with Iron Doping as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Feng , Bu Yunfei , Lv Zijian , Mahmood Javeed , Han Gao‐Feng , Ahmad Ishfaq , Kim Guntae , Zhong Qin , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIron (Fe)‐doped porous cobalt phosphide polyhedrons are designed and synthesized as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The synthesis strategy involves one‐step route for doping foreign metallic element and forming porous cobalt phosphide polyhedrons. With varying doping levels of Fe, the optimized Fe‐doped porous cobalt phosphide polyhedron exhibits significantly enhanced HER and OER performances, including low onset overpotentials, large current densities, as well as small Tafel slopes and good electrochemical stability during HER and OER.
Zum Verbundverhalten ausbetonierter Hohlprofilstützen mit massivem Stahlkern unter erhöhten Temperaturen
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Kleibömer Inka 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrau Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann zur Vollendung ihres 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetIn diesem Beitrag werden experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Verbundverhalten von ausbetonierten Hohlprofilstützen mit massivem Stahlkern beschrieben. Da der innen liegende Stahlkern bei diesem Stützentyp den wesentlichen Anteil des Lastabtrags übernimmt, ist die Lasteinleitung und ‐verteilung von besonderer Bedeutung für die konstruktive Durchbildung der Stütze. Dabei ist es erstrebenswert, einen Teil der Lasten über die Verbundwirkung zwischen Baustahl und Beton zu übertragen und nur möglichst wenige mechanische Verbundmittel anzuordnen. Derzeit sind jedoch in Ermangelung einer experimentellen Datenbasis weder für Raumtemperaturbedingungen noch erhöhte Temperaturen Bemessungswerte der Verbundfestigkeit normativ erfasst. Die im Folgenden beschriebenen Untersuchungen können als Basis für die Entwicklung entsprechender Bemessungsvorschläge dienen. Es werden drei Serien von Push‐out‐Versuchen sowohl unter Raumtemperaturbedingungen als auch erhöhten Temperaturen hinsichtlich der gemessenen Verbundfestigkeit, der Reibfestigkeit sowie des Kurvenverlaufs der Verbundspannung‐Relativverschiebungskurven analysiert. Die Parameter der Versuchsreihen umfassen dabei den Stahlkerndurchmesser sowie die Betondeckung. Die Versuchsergebnisse offenbaren einerseits für Raumtemperaturbedingungen eine deutlich höhere Verbundfestigkeit als Daten von anderen Verbundstützentypen. Andererseits zeigt sich eine signifikante Reduktion der Verbund‐ und Reibfestigkeit bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Dabei dominiert die temperaturabhängige thermische Ausdehnung der Baustoffe das resultierende Verbundverhalten. Dieser Effekt ist in der Bemessung für den Brandfall zu berücksichtigen.
Geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen stabförmiger Bauteile unter Normalkraft, Biegung und Torsion
Authors: Winkler Rebekka , Reddel Julia , Knobloch Markus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBeim Ersatzimperfektionsverfahren zur Bemessung stabilitätsgefährdeter Stahlbauteile sind unter Berücksichtigung von Vorkrümmungen und Schiefstellungen Schnittgrößen nach Theorie II. Ordnung zu bestimmen und adäquate Querschnittsnachweise zu führen. Gegenwärtige Ersatzimperfektionsansätze berücksichtigen keine Torsionsbeanspruchung. Der vorliegende Beitrag beabsichtigt eine Ingenieurmethode zur Ermittlung von Ersatzimperfektionen stabförmiger Stahlbauteile unter Normalkraft‐, Biege‐ und Torsionsbeanspruchung zu entwickeln. Bemessungswerte der Vorkrümmungen werden auf der Grundlage sowohl der Abminderungsfaktoren nach Anhang A der EN 1993‐6 als auch Ergebnissen numerischer Simulationen abgeleitet. Damit wird der zunehmenden computergestützten Bemessungspraxis für biegedrillknickgefährdete Stahlbauteile auf der Grundlage des Ersatzimperfektionsverfahrens Rechnung getragen.
Zum Biegedrillknicken von Kranbahnträgern aus winkelverstärkten Walzprofilen
Authors: Dürr André , Walter Sebastian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrau Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann zur Vollendung ihres 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetKranbahnträger für Brückenkrane erfahren aufgrund der Radlasten und exzentrisch zum Schubmittelpunkt angreifenden Horizontallasten aus dem Kranbetrieb eine Beanspruchung aus zweiachsiger Biegung und Torsion. Die Kranbahnträger sind durch diese Beanspruchung stark kipp‐ bzw. biegedrillknickgefährdet. Der Biegedrillknicknachweis wird für Kranbahnträger von Brückenlaufträgern häufig bemessungsmaßgebend. Bei Walzprofilen ist die erforderliche Seitensteifigkeit am Obergurt oft schon bei leichtem Kranbetrieb und mittleren Stützweiten nicht mehr ausreichend. Um die Seitensteifigkeit am Obergurt der Kranbahnträger zu erhöhen, können neben anderen Varianten Walzprofile mit seitlich am Obergurt angeschweißten Winkeln verwendet werden. Diese Konstruktionsform wird auch als Kranbahnträger mit winkelverstärkten Walzprofilen bezeichnet und ist insbesondere bei mittelschwerem Kranbetrieb weit verbreitet. Die Nachweisführung gegen Biegedrillknicken ist für diese Kranbahnträger mit winkelverstärkten Walzprofilen allerdings infolge der zweiachsigen Biege‐ und Torsionsbeanspruchung und durch die lediglich einfache Symmetrie des Querschnitts erschwert. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden die unterschiedlichen Nachweismöglichkeiten für Kranbahnträger aus winkelverstärkten Walzprofilen aufgezeigt und auf Grundlage eines Anwendungsbeispiels miteinander verglichen. Im Weiteren werden die Ergebnisse einer umfassenden Parameterstudie [1] zur Wirtschaftlichkeit der unterschiedlichen Nachweise zusammenfassend dargestellt, um Empfehlungen für einen möglichen Anwendungsbereich der einzelnen Nachweisverfahren geben zu können.