bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panning for Gold: ‘Model-X’ Knockoffs for High Dimensional Controlled Variable Selection
Authors: Candès Emmanuel , Fan Yingying , Janson Lucas , Lv Jinchi 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMany contemporary large-scale applications involve building interpretable models linking a large set of potential covariates to a response in a non-linear fashion, such as when the response is binary. Although this modelling problem has been extensively studied, it remains unclear how to control the fraction of false discoveries effectively even in high dimensional logistic regression, not to mention general high dimensional non-linear models. To address such a practical problem, we propose a new framework of ‘model-X’ knockoffs, which reads from a different perspective the knockoff procedure that was originally designed for controlling the false discovery rate in linear models. Whereas the knockoffs procedure is constrained to homoscedastic linear models with n⩾p, the key innovation here is that model-X knockoffs provide valid inference from finite samples in settings in which the conditional distribution of the response is arbitrary and completely unknown. Furthermore, this holds no matter the number of covariates. Correct inference in such a broad setting is achieved by constructing knockoff variables probabilistically instead of geometrically. To do this, our approach requires that the covariates are random (independent and identically distributed rows) with a distribution that is known, although we provide preliminary experimental evidence that our procedure is robust to unknown or estimated distributions. To our knowledge, no other procedure solves the controlled variable selection problem in such generality but, in the restricted settings where competitors exist, we demonstrate the superior power of knockoffs through simulations. Finally, we apply our procedure to data from a case–control study of Crohn's disease in the UK, making twice as many discoveries as the original analysis of the same data.
Correlated Multistate Models for Multiple Processes: An Application to Renal Disease Progression in SystemicLupus Erythematosus
Authors: O’Keeffe Aidan G. , Su Li , Farewell Vernon T. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBidirectional changes over time in the estimated glomerular filtration rate and in urine protein content are of interest for the treatment and management of patients with lupus nephritis. Although these processes may be modelled by separate multistate models, the processes are likely to be correlated within patients. Motivated by the lupus nephritis application, we develop a new multistate modelling framework where subject-specific random effects are introduced to account for the correlations both between the processes and within patients over time. Models are fitted by using bespoke code in standard statistical software. A variety of forms for the random effects are introduced and evaluated by using the data from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.
Medical safety in the care of the person with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Duronville John V. , Diamantidis Clarissa J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMuch is written about medical safety as it pertains to patients with chronic kidney disease, yet the transition to end‐stage kidney disease and processes inherent to the receipt of dialysis present unique safety challenges in this population. Educational efforts in medical safety need to focus on the areas of greatest threat and where intervention can provide the greatest benefit. This study addresses such safety topics in the dialysis population and identifies potential strategies that may aid in harm reduction.
A valid and reliable method to measure jump‐specific training and competition load in elite volleyball players
Authors: Skazalski C. , Whiteley R. , Hansen C. , Bahr R. 
Published: January 2018

Use of a commercially available wearable device to monitor jump load with elite volleyball players has become common practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of this device, the Vert, to count jumps and measure jump height with professional volleyball players. Jump count accuracy was determined by comparing jumps recorded by the device to jumps observed through systematic video analysis of three practice sessions and two league matches performed by a men's professional volleyball team. Jumps performed by 14 players were each coded for time and jump type and individually matched to device recorded jumps. Jump height validity of the device was examined against reference standards as participants performed countermovement jumps on a force plate and volleyball‐specific jumps with a Vertec. The Vert device accurately counted 99.3% of the 3637 jumps performed during practice and match play. The device showed excellent jump height interdevice reliability for two devices placed in the same pouch during volleyball jumps (r = .99, 95% CI 0.98‐0.99). The device had a minimum detectable change (MDC) of 9.7 cm and overestimated jump height by an average of 5.5 cm (95% CI 4.5‐6.5) across all volleyball jumps. The Vert device demonstrates excellent accuracy counting volleyball‐specific jumps during training and competition. While the device is not recommended to measure maximal jumping ability when precision is needed, it provides an acceptable measure of on‐court jump height that can be used to monitor athlete jump load.
Effects of acute isometric resistance exercise on cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials
Authors: Nuzzo J. L. , Barry B. K. , Gandevia S. C. , Taylor J. L. 
Published: January 2018

Cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs) in relaxed biceps brachii have been reported to facilitate after acute isometric exercise of the elbow flexors. This facilitation, which reflects either enhanced corticospinal transmission or increased motoneurone excitability, has only been documented in the limb posture used during exercise. In Experiment 1, we tested if these spinal changes “transfer” to a second posture. Fourteen individuals completed 12 sets of high‐force isometric contractions of the elbow flexors with the forearm pronated. Before and after exercise, biceps CMEPs were acquired with the forearm either pronated or supinated. CMEPs in pronation and supination were facilitated after exercise, indicating transfer (57.5 ± 55.5% and 53.9 ± 54.9%, respectively; mean ± SD). In Experiment 2, we examined if exercise posture influences the effect that exercise has on CMEPs. A different sample of 14 individuals performed isometric exercise in 2 sessions. In one, exercise was performed in supination. In the other, exercise was performed in pronation. Exercise intensity and volume were the same as in Experiment 1, as were participant characteristics. CMEPs were unchanged after exercise in supination (13.6 ± 31.2%) and pronation (7.7 ± 41.5%). The absence of an effect differs from the finding of Experiment 1. Thus, effects of acute isometric resistance exercise on corticospinal transmission and/or motoneurone excitability are not as consistent as previously thought. When exercise induces this spinal change, the effect is not specific to the posture used for exercise. However, the change does not always occur, and the reasons for this remain unknown.
The relation between parents' mental state talk and children's social understanding: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tompkins Virginia , Benigno Joann P. , Kiger Lee Bridget , Wright Bridget M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThough there is empirical support for the relation between parents' mental state talk to children and children's social understanding, including false belief understanding (FBU) and emotion understanding (EU), effect sizes range widely. The current meta‐analysis focused on the relation between parents' mental state talk and children's social understanding and moderators of this relation: parents' mental state talk content (e.g., cognitive vs. emotion talk), quality (e.g., appropriate vs. inappropriate), and context (e.g., book vs. reminiscing). Data from 22 studies examining FBU and 18 examining EU were examined. Participants included 2,298 children (<7 years). Analyses yielded a significant effect size for parents' mental state talk and children's FBU and EU. These relations were stronger under certain circumstances, particularly for children's FBU. For example, in terms of content, cognitive state talk was a stronger predictor of FBU and EU compared to talk about desires and emotions. For FBU, the strongest relations were present when parents' mental state talk was: (a) appropriate and explanatory compared to inappropriate and (b) in a book or self‐report context compared to reminiscing. The results of this study further refine the social constructivist view of social understanding and point to future avenues for research aimed at improving children's social understanding.
The role of the transfusion practitioner in the multidisciplinary team
Authors: Bielby L. , Haberfield A. , Kelsey G. , Kay S. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundTransfusion and patient blood management (PBM) processes are complex; while transfusions can be life‐saving, equally there may be associated morbidity and mortality. In Australia, obligations to comply with mandatory governance frameworks have propelled the safety andPBMculture. These frameworks support appropriate product use and levels of safety at all points of the process.MethodsA key to blood management governance success is the multidisciplinary Blood Management team/Governance Committee. This team includes healthcare executive, clinical governance, consumer/s and medical/laboratory/nursing representatives, with the transfusion practitioner (TP) as a key resource. TheTPis often seen as the driving force for change, working in a multidisciplinary capacity across the clinical spectrum. In Australia, this influence can be within an individual organization, across multiple sites/networks, in metropolitan or rural/regional areas. TheTPconducts a critical role pulling together resources, promoting exchange of information, encouraging engagement and empowering colleagues to facilitate change. Highly developed communication skills assist theTPto engage these many different stakeholders and clinical environments. Collaboration is essential for the multidisciplinary team to function effectively. Highly functional teams recognize knowledge and experience and utilize each member's skills to work together to deliver the best possible outcome for patients. There is a growing body of literature supporting multidisciplinary teams and theTProle improving patient outcomes.ConclusionEffective transfusion andPBMpractice require a systematic cross‐specialty approach to ensure success.TPs are an essential link in the multidisciplinary chain and require strong support and leadership to potently effect change and enhance practice.
The metaboreflex does not contribute to the increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity to contracting muscle during static exercise in humans
Authors: Boulton Daniel , Taylor Chloe E. , Green Simon , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: January 2018

Key points
It is not clear how sympathetic activity to contracting muscle is controlled.
We recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the ipsilateral tibialis anterior muscle during 4 min of isometric dorsiflexion of the ankle and 6 min of post‐exercise ischaemia, which was repeated contralaterally.
MSNA to the contracting muscle increased within 1 min of static exercise and returned to pre‐contraction levels at the end.
Unlike the increase in MSNA seen in the non‐contracting muscle, post‐exercise ischaemia had no effect on MSNA to the contracted muscle.
We conclude that central command is the primary mechanism responsible for increasing MSNA to contracting muscle and also that the metaboreflex is not expressed in contracting muscle.
AbstractBoth central command and metaboreflex inputs from contracting muscles increase muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to non‐contracting muscle during sustained isometric exercise. We recently showed that MSNA to contracting muscle also increases in an intensity‐dependent manner, although whether this can be sustained by the metaboreflex is unknown. MSNA was recorded from the left common peroneal nerve and individual spikes of MSNA extracted from the nerve signal. Eleven subjects performed a series of 4 min dorsiflexions of the left ankle at 10% of maximum voluntary contraction under three conditions: without ischaemia, with 6 min of post‐exercise ischaemia, and with ischaemia during and after exercise; these were repeated in the right leg. Compared with pre‐contraction values, MSNA to the contracting muscles increased and plateaued in the first minute of contraction (50 ± 18 vs. 34 ± 10 spikes min−1, P = 0.01), returned to pre‐contraction levels within 1 min of the contraction ending and was not influenced by ischaemia during or after contraction. Conversely, MSNA to the non‐contracting muscles was not different from pre‐contraction levels in the first minute of contraction (34 ± 9 vs. 32 ± 5 spikes min−1, P = 0.48), whereas it increased each minute and was significantly greater by the second minute (44 ± 8 spikes min−1, P = 0.01). Ischaemia augmented the MSNA response to contraction (63 ± 25 spikes min−1 after 4 min, P < 0.05) and post‐exercise ischaemia (63 ± 27 spikes min−1 after 6 min, P < 0.01) for the non‐contracting muscles only. These findings support our conclusion that the metaboreflex is not expressed in the contracting muscle during sustained static exercise.
Effect of Substrate Slope on the Aviation Kerosene Spill Fires
Authors: Liu Quanyi , He Yuanhua , Yang Rui , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2018

During the storage and transportation of aviation kerosene, spill fire and explosion caused by the corrosion of pipeline or faulty operation when released and ignited, will pose a huge threat to tanks or facilities nearby. It is critical to investigate the interaction mechanism between spreading and burning of aviation kerosene spill fires to effectively plan for civil aviation safety.
In order to gain a better understanding of aviation kerosene spill fire on sloping surface, a large-scale experimental platform with varying slope of oil groove or substrate surface for aviation kerosene spill fire has been designed and built. Aviation kerosene was selected as the fuel in the continuous spill fire for different leaking rates based on the rotation of the peristaltic pump. Spill fires with the substrate slope of 0° (as the baseline case), 0.5°, 1° and 3° were conducted. The typical burning characteristic parameters of spill fire measured are included burning area, burning rate, flame front et al. It is obtained that 1) the characteristic parameters except the averaged steady burning rate for continuous aviation kerosene spill fire increases apparently with the increasing leaking rate. 2) The effect of substrate slope on the burning of continuous spill fire is significant even though there is only 0.5° variation of the slope. 3) There is a diametrically opposite findings for the averaged steady burning rates and the initial spreading rates of continuous aviation kerosene spill fire decrease with the increasing substrate slope.
Full Frontal Crashworthiness of Carbon Fiber Composite Front Bumper Crush Can (FBCC) Structures
Authors: Dixit Y. , Begeman P. , Dhaliwal G. S. , Newaz G. , Board D. , Chen Y. , Faruque O. 
Published: January 2018

This research study highlights the testing method and relevant results for assessing impact performance of a carbon fiber composite front bumper crush can (FBCC) assembly subjected to full frontal crash loading. It becomes extremely important to study the behavior of lightweight composite components under a crash scenario in order to apply them to automotive structures to reduce the overall weight of the vehicle. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) models are extremely important tools to virtually validate the physical testing by assessing the performances of these structures. Due to lack of available studies on carbon fiber composite FBCCs assemblies under the frontal crash scenario, a new component-level test approach would provide assistance to CAE models and better correlation between results can be made. In this study, all the tests were performed by utilizing a sled-on-sled testing method. An extreme care was taken to ensure that there is no bottoming-out force for this type of test while adjusting the impact speed of sled. Full frontal tests on FBCC structures were conducted by utilizing five high-speed cameras (HSCs), several accelerometers and a load wall.
Excellent correlation was achieved between video tracking and accelerometers results for time histories of displacement and velocity. The standard deviation and coefficient of variance for the energy absorbed were very low suggesting the repeatability of the full frontal tests. The impact histories of FBCC specimens were consistent and in excellent agreement with respect to each other. Post-impact photographs showed the consistent crushing of composite crush cans and breakage of the bumper beam from middle due to the production of tensile stresses stretched caused by straightening of the bumper curvature after hitting the load wall.
Largely Deformable and Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor Using Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Yumoto Kanji , Suzuki Ken , Miura Hideo 
Published: January 2018

A new type tactile sensor with spatial resolution less than 1 mm and the minimum pressure sensitivity less than 10 kPa was proposed by applying MWCNTs (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes). The sensor was embedded into a highly deformable flexible substrate (PDMS: Polydimethylsiloxane) and the obtained gauge factor of the developed sensor was about 5.
Since the electronic properties of MWCNTs vary drastically depending on their deformation under mechanical stress, it is important to make appropriate aspect ratio of MWCNTs for improving their stress-sensitivity. The aspect ratio of MWCNTs are mainly dominated by their growth condition such as the average thickness of catalyst layer, growth temperature, pressure of resource gases and so on. Thus, the optimum growth condition was investigated for forming the MWCNTs with high aspect ratio, in other words, high pressure sensitivity. In addition, in this study, the authors fabricated high quality carbon nano-materials to develop highly sensitive strain sensor. A thermal CVD synthesis process of MWCNTs was developed by using acetylene gas. After the synthesis of MWCNTs, flexible isolation material (PDMS) was coated around the grown MWCNT. Then, the interconnection film was deposited by sputtering. After that, PDMS was coated again to fabricate an upper protection layer. Finally, the bottom interconnection layer was sputtered and patterned. The change of the electrical resistance of the grown MWCNTs was measured by applying a compression test in the load range from 0 to 10 mN. It was found that the electrical resistance of the MWCNTs bundle increased almost linearly with the applied compressive load and this sensor showed the high load sensitivity of 10 mN that is higher than human fingers.
Inspection Data to Support a Digital Twin for Geometry Assurance
Authors: Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard , Lindkvist Lars , Lindau Björn , Carlson Johan S. 
Published: January 2018

Geometrical variation is a problem in all complex, assembled products. Recently, the Digital Twin concept was launched as a tool for improving geometrical quality and reduce costs by using real time control and optimization of products and production systems. The Digital Twin for geometry assurance is created together with the product and the production systems in early design phases. When full production starts, the purpose of the Digital Twin turns towards optimization of the geometrical quality by small changes in the assembly process.
To reach its full potential, the Digital Twin concept is depending on high quality input data. In line with Internet of Things and Big Data, the problem is rather to extract appropriate data than to find data. In this paper, an inspection strategy serving the Digital Twin is given. Necessary input data describing form and shape of individual parts, and how this data should be collected, stored and utilized is described.
Investigation of Transport-Reaction Phenomena in Multi-Layered PEFC Cathode Catalyst Layer
Authors: Nakano Rinako , Iguro Takumi , Kim Byunggi , Fushinobu Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2018

Improvement in power generation performance of PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) is required for its market supremacy in automotive applications. In particular, it is important to suppress concentration overpotential in high current density operation. The microstructure of CCL (cathode catalyst layer) is known to have a great effect on the power generation performance of PEFC. Also, the requirement for the species transport characteristics should vary with the thickness-wise position in CCL. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design the microstructure of CCL by using multi-layered cathode catalyst layer and to evaluate oxygen transport properties.
In this research, we fabricated three kinds of multi-layered CCLs which have the difference in I/C (ionomer to carbon) ratio of GDL (gas diffusion layer)-side layer (0.3, 0.5, 0.9). And, we investigated oxygen transport-reaction phenomena by evaluating polarization characteristics, ECA (electrochemical surface area) and RCL (oxygen transport resistance in the CCL) using limiting current measurements. As I/C ratio is decreased from 0.9 to 0.5, RCL is decreased 49%. On the contrary, as I/C ratio is decreased from 0.5 to 0.3, RCL is slightly increased. ECA is monotonically decreased as I/C ratio is decreased from 0.9 to 0.3. These results show that the species transport characteristics alone have optimum condition in the GDL-side CCL at around I/C = 0.50.
In addition, we fabricated four kinds of multi-layered CCLs which have the difference in I/C ratio of GDL-side layer (0.5, 0.9) and mass fraction of platinum (10 wt%, 46 wt%.) Oxygen transport resistance is evaluated in CCL by separating the resistance to two components, Rmacro (by Knudsen diffusion) and Rlocal (by dissolution diffusion in ionomer,) by applying the ladder resistance model in CCL. As I/C ratio is decreased from 0.9 to 0.5, Rmacro is decreased and Rlocal is increased regardless of mass fraction of Pt. These results show that the ionomer amount of micropore in CCL is decreased, the micropore diameter is increased, and dissolution surface area near platinum is decreased as I/C ratio is decreased 0.9 to 0.5.
These results strongly suggest that there is an optimization strategy of I/C ratio of GDL-side layer in CCL.