bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal organic fertilization enhances the phytoavailability of phosphorus in the root zone of rice
Authors: Zhu Wenbin , Zhao Hongmeng , Wang Yu , Butterly Clayton R. , Chen Hao , Yuan Jiahui , Liu Mingqing , Chen Qiuhui , Zhang Longjiang , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic fertilization is considered an effective approach in promoting agricultural green development, dramatically affecting soil phosphorus (P) availability. Nonetheless, limited information is available on the comprehensive impact of full substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer on P speciation, phytoavailability, and apparent balance throughout different rice‐growth stages. To address this gap, a 5‐year field experiment was conducted, implementing five organic P gradients ranging from 0 (P0), 70 (P70), 140 (P140), 210 (P210) to 280 (P280) kg P2O5 ha−1 of organic fertilizer. To assess P phytoavailability in the root zone with submillimetre spatial resolutions, this study employed techniques such as the one‐ and two‐dimensional diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique and the high‐resolution soil solution sampling technology (HR‐Peeper). The findings revealed that increasing P rates enhanced soil Olsen‐P and biological‐based P fractions across rice‐growth stages, primarily driven by variation in mineral‐associated P. Notably, the P140 treatment demonstrated the highest P uptake efficiency among the different rice‐growth stages, with a significant increase in soil DGT‐P, particularly in the 0–60 mm soil layer (p <0.05), providing tangible evidence for enhanced P uptake. Moreover, compared with higher P treatments (P210 and P280), the P140 treatment markedly increased P use efficiency by 31.7% and 99.0%, respectively (p <0.05). Further, with a high ratio of DGT‐P to Peeper‐P and a low apparent balance of P, organic fertilization at the rate of 140 kg P2O5 ha−1 effectively struck a balance between ensuring adequate P supply for yield stability and mitigating potential P loss risks. These results underscore the significance of optimal organic fertilization in enhancing agronomic benefits while reducing environmental risks. They offer valuable insights to support field P management strategies and government decision‐making processes.
A Parasite Plant Promotes the Coexistence of Two Annual Plants
Authors: Shinohara Naoto , Nomiya Riku , Yamawo Akira 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTConsumers can influence the competitive outcomes of prey species in various ways. Modern coexistence theory predicts that consumers can promote prey coexistence by preferably targeting a competitively superior one, thereby reducing fitness differences. However, previous studies yielded mixed conclusions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a parasitic annual plant, Cuscuta campestris, facilitates the coexistence of two common annual plants. We performed field surveys and parasitism experiments to parameterize a plant competition dynamics model. The model suggested a competition–defence tradeoff: the legume Lespedeza striata was a better competitor than the grass Setaria faberi, while it was more susceptible to the parasite. Moreover, an empirical host–parasite dynamics model, extended from the plant competition model, predicted their coexistence within broad, biologically reasonable ranges of parameters. This work provides field evidence of the coexisting–promoting role of a parasitic plant, as caused by stabilising feedback between host and parasite densities.
Pharmacotherapy for behavioural manifestations in frontotemporal dementia: An expert consensus from the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN‐RND)
Authors: Wittebrood Casper , Boban Marina , Cagnin Annchiara , Capellari Sabina , De Winter François‐Laurent , Djamshidian Atbin , González Manuel Menéndez , Hjermind Lena E. , Krajcovicova Lenka , Krüger Johanna , Levin Johannes , Reetz Kathrin , Rodriguez Eloy Rodriguez , Rohrer Jonathan , Van Langenhove Tim , Reinhard Carola , Graessner Holm , Rusina Robert , Saracino Dario , Houot Marion , Seelar Harro , Vandenberghe Rik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by pervasive personality and behavioural disturbances with severe impact on patients and caregivers. In current clinical practice, treatment is based on nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, trial‐based evidence supporting symptomatic pharmacological treatment for the behavioural disturbances in FTD is scarce despite the significant burden this poses on the patients and caregivers.MethodThe study examined drug management decisions for several behavioural disturbances in patients with FTD by 21 experts across European expert centres affiliated with the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN‐RND).ResultsThe study revealed the highest consensus on drug treatments for physical and verbal aggression, impulsivity and obsessive delusions. Antipsychotics (primarily quetiapine) were recommended for behaviours posing safety risks to both patients and caregivers (aggression, self‐injury and self‐harm) and nightly unrest. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were recommended for perseverative somatic complaints, rigidity of thought, hyperphagia, loss of empathy and for impulsivity. Trazodone was specifically recommended for motor unrest, mirtazapine for nightly unrest, and bupropion and methylphenidate for apathy. Additionally, bupropion was strongly advised against in 10 out of the 14 behavioural symptoms, emphasizing a clear recommendation against its use in the majority of cases.ConclusionsThe survey data can provide expert guidance that is helpful for healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of behavioural symptoms. Additionally, they offer insights that may inform prioritization and design of therapeutic studies, particularly for existing drugs targeting behavioural disturbances in FTD.
Treating to target in multiple sclerosis: Do we know how to measure whether we hit it?
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Krajnc Nik , Altmann Patrick , Hendin Barry , Bharadia Trishna , Jaruszowic Sonja , Lublin Fred , Oh Jiwon , Parow Detlev , Ribbens Annemie , Shields Aoife , Smeets Dirk , Thouvenot Eric , Chan Andrew , Berger Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe rapidly evolving landscape of effective treatment options in multiple sclerosis has led to a shift of treatment objectives towards a treat‐to‐target approach aiming to suppress disease activity below the level of detectability early during the disease. To enable treat‐to‐target, a thorough reappraisal of available outcome measures with respect to their ability in this regard is required.MethodsTo that end, we conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review of more than 1000 studies using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) 2020 methodology focusing on underlying evidence as well as utility and implementability in clinical practice.ResultsFrom there, we propose a set of measurable outcomes for everyday routine clinical practice as well as advanced/aspirational measurables requiring additional resources. We also outline remaining knowledge/technology gaps that need to be overcome to enable a treat‐to‐target approach.ConclusionsThis work provides the basis for an evidence‐based definition of outcome targets for relevant stakeholders and regulatory authorities.
Performance of instrumental activities of daily living in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. A cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Seoane‐Martín Marta Elisa , Cuesta‐Barriuso Rubén , Rodríguez‐Martínez María Carmen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe development of haemophilic arthropathy causes joint damage that leads to functional impairment that limits the performance of activities in patients with haemophilia. The aim was to identify the best predictive model for performing instrumental activities of daily living in adult patients with haemophilia arthropathy.MethodsCross‐sectional cohort study. 102 patients were recruited. The dependent variable was the performance of instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton and Brody scale). The dependence on the performance of activities of daily living was the dependent endpoint (Barthel scale). The secondary variables were joint damage (Hemophilia Joint Health Score), pain intensity, and clinical, anthropometric, and sociodemographic variables.ResultsThe degree of dependence, joint damage, pain intensity, and marital status (Cp = 5.60) were the variables that best explain the variability in the performance of instrumental activities of daily living (R2adj = 0.51). Loss of predictive capacity is acceptable with good mean internal (R2 mean = 0.40) and external (R2‐r2 = 0.09) validation. According to the predictive pattern obtained, patients with haemophilia, who were married, without joint pain or damage, and independent in their day‐to‐day lives, had a score of 7.91 points (95% CI: 7.42; 8.39) in the performance of instrumental activities of daily living.ConclusionsThe predictive model for the functional capacity of instrumental activities of daily living in haemophilia patients encompasses factors such as level of autonomy, joint impairment, pain severity, and marital status. Notably, despite the presence of joint damage, individuals with haemophilia exhibit a significant level of independence in carrying out both basic daily tasks and instrumental activities of daily living.International registration numberId NCT04715100.
Four Years in, What Are the Research Priorities for Long COVID? A Research Priority‐Setting Partnership Between People With Lived Experience, Carers, Clinicians and Researchers
Authors: Grant Aileen , Stage Emma , Blane David , Goss Helen , Ormerod Jane , McIver Stuart , Duncan Edward , Patel Gail , Campbell Abi , Manson Paul , Subramanian Ganesh , Cooper Kay 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLong COVID is a life‐limiting condition that affects 65 million people worldwide. It devastates lives with uncertain illness trajectories, and yet, there are many research uncertainties as there is a lack of understanding of its causes, effective treatments and management plans. We set out to identify current research priorities for people with Long COVID, carers, healthcare professionals and researchers.MethodsA systematic literature review and previous Long COVID priority‐setting exercises identified three broad under‐researched areas of Long COVID research within the fields of Public Health and Health Services Research: symptoms; managing day‐to‐day life; and the emotional impact of Long COVID. We disseminated an elicitation survey that asked for research questions in these areas; responses were analysed and summarised into 42 research questions. A survey was then disseminated, asking respondents to prioritise these 42 questions. Workshops were held with people with Long COVID, carers, healthcare professionals and researchers to analyse responses and agree the top 10 priorities.ResultsThe top priorities in order were pharmacological treatment of Long COVID; understanding the pathophysiology; nonpharmacological symptom management; improving public and professional understanding of Long COVID; understanding of the long‐term risks of Long COVID; improving financial and social supports; improving understanding of postviral syndromes; diagnostics; service redesign/pathways; and the well‐being of children with Long COVID.ConclusionFour years into the pandemic, there is an emphasis on the need for research on treatment, understanding and support for people living with Long COVID.Patient and Public ContributionPeople with Long COVID and carers were involved in the study design, survey design, dissemination, data analysis, interpretation and reviewing and editing the manuscript.
Implementing a Hospital‐Wide Programme Using iPARiHS to Prevent and Manage Incontinence‐Associated Dermatitis and Improve Hospital‐Acquired Pressure Injuries
Authors: Geering Samara , Wilson Valerie , Jacob Leena , Macpherson Amanda , Melbourne Gregory , Kohler Friedbert , Chow Josephine S. F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIncontinence‐associated dermatitis poses a significant risk for sacral pressure injuries, infection and morbidity in healthcare settings. Despite the availability of best practice guidelines, implementation remains a challenge.AimTo outline the implementation of a hospital‐wide programme using the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework to prevent and manage incontinence‐associated dermatitis and improve hospital‐acquired pressure injuries.DesignThis is an empirical research study using mixed methods.MethodThe study, conducted across surgical, medical and critical care wards between June and October 2023, aimed to address knowledge gaps, enhance clinical practice and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. The implementation strategy included education modules, engagement of staff through focus groups and targeted interventions such as individualised toileting plans and structured skin care regimens. Data collection involved audits, incident reporting and clinician knowledge surveys.ResultsFindings indicate a reduction in hospital‐acquired incontinence‐associated dermatitis and pressure injuries postimplementation, with observed improvements in clinician knowledge. However, challenges including workload, skill mix and resource limitations were identified as barriers to implementation. The sustainability and scalability of the programme were emphasised, with ongoing monitoring and evaluation essential for long‐term success.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of evidence‐based interventions, interdisciplinary collaboration and leadership support in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs associated with preventable skin injuries. Further research is needed to assess implementation in community settings and scale up interventions across healthcare networks.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareAnalysing a hospital‐wide programme using the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Service framework to prevent and manage incontinence‐associated dermatitis and improve hospital‐acquired pressure injuries, could help identify the challenges for delivering patient‐centred care.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement.Reporting MethodTo describe the implementation study, we referred to the StaRI Guideline.Trial Registration: This intervention study was applied to the whole population and was therefore not a trial and did not require trial registration. The study was considered low risk and the Human Research Ethics Application (HREA) was approved
Phylogenetic and Biogeographic History of the Snooks (Centropomidae: Carangiformes) Spanning the Closure of the Isthmus of Panama
Authors: Ossa‐Hernández Natalia , Ballen Gustavo A. , P Arturo Acero , Tavera Jose 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimAmphiamerican New World fishes provide a unique opportunity to explore the impact of geological processes and the formation of geographic barriers on biological diversification across both spatial and temporal dimensions. We employed phylogenetic and biogeographic methods to assess the impact of the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama on the evolutionary history of snooks.LocationEastern tropical Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans.MethodsBayesian methods were used for phylogenetic inference and divergence time estimation, incorporating the fossil record of Carangidae, Centropomidae, Istiophoriformes, Latidae and Sphyraenidae to establish a timeline using the methods of stratigraphic intervals for node calibration density specification. Biogeographic models were fitted to test the hypothesis that transisthmian vicariant events are coeval with the Isthmus closure. To estimate ancestral range probability and perform stochastic mapping, we utilised BioGeoBears and the parameters from the best‐fitting model. This allowed us to estimate the quantity and kind of biogeographical events.ResultsOur results suggest a sister relationship between Centropomidae and Sphyraenidae with a common ancestor that originated in the Upper Cretaceous (~78.51 Ma). The biogeographic model BAYAreaLIKE + j indicated speciation in sympatry and dispersal (founder effect) as the primary modes of speciation in the genus Centropomus. The dispersion in the family Centropomidae was estimated from the Tropical Eastern Pacific to the tropical western Atlantic since the Oligocene.Main ConclusionsThe alignment of divergence times with ancestral species distributions suggests a possible synchrony between the current distribution in Centropomus species and the processes of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama during the Miocene. However, the evidence of only two transisthmic pair suggests that this event was not determinant in allopatric interbasin speciation. Furthermore, recent diversification events within each basin imply an influence of post‐closure environmental conditions on the evolution of this group of fishes.
Integrating peer assessment cycle into ChatGPT for STEM education: A randomised controlled trial on knowledge, skills, and attitudes enhancement
Authors: Wu Ting‐Ting , Lee Hsin‐Yu , Chen Pei‐Hua , Lin Chia‐Ju , Huang Yueh‐Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundScience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education in Asian universities struggles to integrate Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSA) due to large classes and student reluctance. While ChatGPT offers solutions, its conventional use may hinder independent critical thinking.ObjectivesThis study introduces PA‐GPT, using ChatGPT as a “virtual peer” in peer assessments to promote active learning and enhance knowledge, higher‐order thinking skills (HOTS), and attitudes—the core of KSA in STEM.MethodsA randomised controlled trial involved 61 first‐year engineering students (43 males, 18 females) from a university in Southern Taiwan enrolled in “Network Embedded Systems and Applications.” Participants, all with prior ChatGPT experience but no programming background, were purposively sampled. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 31) using PA‐GPT or the control group (n = 30) using traditional ChatGPT. Over 8 weeks, data were collected using pre‐ and post‐tests: a knowledge construction test (20 items, α = 0.85); a HOTS scale (α = 0.78–0.83) measuring critical thinking, problem‐solving, and creativity; and the S‐STEM questionnaire (α >0.80) assessing attitudes towards STEM subjects and 21st‐century learning. ANCOVA analysed the data, controlling for pre‐test scores, and Levene's test checked homogeneity of variances.Results and ConclusionsANCOVA results showed that PA‐GPT significantly outperformed traditional ChatGPT in enhancing knowledge construction (F = 9.89, p = 0.002), critical thinking (F = 37.00, p < 0.001), problem‐solving (F = 9.40, p = 0.003), creativity (F = 7.22, p = 0.009), and attitudes towards mathematics (F = 25.52, p < 0.001), engineering/technology (F = 16.06, p < 0.001), and 21st‐century learning (F = 26.38, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that PA‐GPT effectively addresses challenges in student engagement and HOTS development in STEM education by simulating peer interactions. Peer Assessment with ChatGPT (PA‐GPT) promotes active learning and self‐reflection, potentially revolutionising AI‐assisted education in large class settings. This study provides pioneering evidence for the effectiveness of AI‐driven peer assessment in enhancing comprehensive STEM competencies, offering a promising direction for future educational technology integration.
Prevalence of frequent premature ventricular contractions and left‐ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients receiving Holter monitoring
Authors: Torrado Juan , Sima Adam , Comstuck Connor , Kaszala Karoly , Tan Alex , Koneru Jayanthi , Frankel David S. , Marchlinski Frank , Kowalski Marcin , Sharma Parikshit , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Vaseghi Marmar , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Malhotra Rohit , Morillo Carlos , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Huizar Jose F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are frequently observed with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, although the prevalence of these associated conditions in the general population remains unknown.ObjectiveWe sought to understand the prevalence of frequent PVCs (defined PVCs > 5%) and high burden PVCs (defined PVCs > 10%) and LV systolic dysfunction in patients receiving ambulatory Holter monitors (HM).MethodsA prospective multicenter (eight US medical centers) cross‐sectional study collected demographic and PVC burden data from consecutive patients undergoing 24‐h, 48‐h, and 14‐day HM (July 2018–June 2020). Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) data was collected if obtained within 6 months of HM. Four PVC burden groups were analyzed (<1%, 1%–5%, 5.1%–10%, and >10% burden) and stratified by normal LVEF (≥50%) or presence LVEF < 50%.ResultsThe prevalence of PVC burden of 5.1%–10% and >10% was 4% and 5%, respectively in the population undergoing HM (n = 6529). Age was significantly different between PVC groups (p < .001). In those with LVEF assessment (n = 3713), the prevalence of LVEF < 50% and both LVEF < 50% and PVC > 5% was 16.4% and 4.2%, respectively. The prevalence of PVC > 5% and PVC > 10% in patients with LVEF < 50% was 26% and 16%, respectively. PVC > 5% were more prevalent in older, male, and Caucasians (p < .001). Females had a lower prevalence of PVC > 5% than males (6% vs. 11%; p < .001), but not among those with LVEF < 50% (24% vs. 26%, p = .10).ConclusionPVC > 5% and PVC > 10% and LVEF < 50% are prevalent in patients undergoing HM. PVC > 5% are associated with older age. Females have a lower prevalence of PVC > 5% than males but similar combined PVC > 5% and LVEF < 50%.ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03228823.
PLXNB1/SEMA4D signals mediate interactions between malignant epithelial and immune cells to promote colorectal cancer liver metastasis
Authors: Xuan Zixue , Zhang Yuan , Li Dan , Wang Kai , Huang Ping , Shi Jiana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDistal metastases result from metastatic microenvironment and tumour epithelial cell interactions, the cellular heterogeneity of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver metastases (LM) was evaluated by integrating single‐cell sequencing data, and the collected gene expression data from metastatic epithelial cell subsets was used to construct a prognostic model and to identify intercellular receptor‐ligand interactions between epithelial and immune cells in CRC and LM. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining, and in vitro wound healing, cell migration and cell apoptosis assays were performed to further explore the biological relevance of identified potential regulatory molecules. In this study, approximately 17 epithelial cell subtypes were detected, with Epi‐11 cells being highly expressed in LM tissues compared with CRC samples. Furthermore, patients with high expression of the metastasis‐related genetic profile of Epi‐11 had a poorer prognosis. By predicting receptor–ligand interactions, Epi‐11 cells were found to interact more with myeloid and T/natural killer cells in LM tissues when compared to primary CRC samples, which was mediated by the PLXNB1/SEMA4D axis. In addition, high SEMA4D expression was correlated with decreased overall survival of patients with CRC, whereas PLXNB1 was not. SEMA4D knockdown prevented the migration and promoted the apoptosis of HCT116 cells in vitro. In summary, Epi‐11 cells, an important subset of epithelial cells, may drive the LM of CRC and act by crosstalk with immune cells through the PLXNB1/SEMA4D signalling axis.