bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three global canopy height maps and their applicability to biodiversity modeling: Accuracy issues revealed
Authors: Moudrý Vítězslav , Gábor Lukáš , Marselis Suzanne , Pracná Petra , Barták Vojtěch , Prošek Jiří , Navrátilová Barbora , Novotný Jan , Potůčková Markéta , Gdulová Kateřina , Crespo‐Peremarch Pablo , Komárek Jan , Malavasi Marco , Rocchini Duccio , Ruiz Luis A. , Torralba Jesús , Torresani Michele , Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , Wild Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal mapping of forest height is an extremely important task for estimating habitat quality and modeling biodiversity. Recently, three global canopy height maps have been released, the global forest canopy height map (GFCH), the high‐resolution canopy height model of the Earth (HRCH), and the global map of tree canopy height (GMTCH). Here, we assessed their accuracy and usability for biodiversity modeling. We examined their accuracy by comparing them with the reference canopy height models derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS). Our results show considerable differences between the evaluated maps. The root mean square error ranged between 10 and 18 m for GFCH, 9–11 m for HRCH, and 10–17 m for GMTCH, respectively. GFCH and GMTCH consistently underestimated the height of all canopies regardless of their height, while HRCH tended to overestimate the height of low canopies and underestimate tall canopies. Biodiversity models using predicted global canopy height maps as input data are sufficient for estimating simple relationships between species occurrence and canopy height, but their use leads to a considerable decrease in the discrimination ability of the models and to mischaracterization of species niches where derived indices (e.g., canopy height heterogeneity) are concerned. We showed that canopy height heterogeneity is considerably underestimated in the evaluated global canopy height maps. We urge that for temperate areas rich in ALS data, activities should concentrate on harmonizing ALS canopy height maps rather than relying on modeled global products.
Reference vegetation for restoration? Three vegetation maps compared across 76 nature reserves in Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Lillesø Jens‐Peter Barnekow , Barsotti Davide , Kalema James , van Breugel Paulo , Pedercini Fabio , Graudal Lars , Jamnadass Ramni , Kindt Roeland 
Published: October 2024

AbstractForest and landscape restoration are increasingly popular nature‐based solutions to mitigate climate change and safeguard biodiversity. Restoration planning and monitoring implies that a reference ecosystem has been defined to which the restored site can be compared, but how to best select such reference? We tested three different potential natural vegetation (PNV) maps of the same areas in Kenya and Uganda for their utility as ecological references with independent data that were not used when those maps were made. These independent datasets included presence observations of woody species from 76 sites in forest reserves in Kenya and Uganda, and classification of surveyed species into a system that included “forest‐only” and “nonforest‐only” ecological types. Our tests show that (1) the three vegetation maps largely agree on the environmental envelopes/ranges within which forests occur. (2) There are large differences in how well the maps predict the presence of forest‐only species. (3) Two maps, based on empirical observations (V4A and White), predict forest types well, whereas the third, based on climate envelopes only (NS), performs poorly. (4) A large area in Uganda is potentially in one of two alternative stable states. We conclude that it is possible to evaluate the utility of PNV maps at a more detailed scale than the level of biome and ecoregion. This indicates that it is possible to map PNV at scales required for reference for restoration and management of forest vegetation. We recommend that empirically based maps of potential natural vegetation are used in restoration planning (biome and PNV maps based on climate envelopes alone may be unreliable tools) as a baseline model for predicting the distribution of reference ecosystems under current and future conditions. It could conveniently be done by deconstructing the existing biome maps, supported by rapid botanical surveys.
Gains in soil carbon storage under anthropogenic nitrogen deposition are rapidly lost following its cessation
Authors: Propson Brooke E. , Zak Donald R. , Classen Aimée T. , Burton Andrew J. , Freedman Zachary B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the Northern Hemisphere, anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition contributed to the enhancement of the global terrestrial carbon (C) sink, partially offsetting CO2 emissions. Across several long‐term field experiments, this ecosystem‐level response was determined to be driven, in part, by the suppression of microbial activity associated with the breakdown of soil organic matter. However, since the implementation of emission abatement policies in the 1970s, atmospheric N deposition has declined globally, and the consequences of this decline are unknown. Here, we assessed the response of soil C storage and associated microbial activities, in a long‐term field study that experimentally increased N deposition for 24 years. We measured soil C and N, microbial activity, and compared effect sizes of soil C in response to, and in recovery from, the N deposition treatment across the history of our experiment (1994–2022). Our results demonstrate that the accumulated C in the organic horizon has been lost and exhibits additional deficits 5 years post‐termination of the N deposition treatment. These findings, in part, arise from mechanistic changes in microbial activity. Soil C in the mineral soil was less responsive thus far in recovery. If these organic horizon C dynamics are similar in other temperate forests, the Northern Hemisphere C sink will be reduced and climate warming will be enhanced.
Cardio‐Metabolic Risk Profile of Women With Endometriosis: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh , Noroozzadeh Mahsa , Ardebili Shahla Noori , Mousavi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsEndometriosis (EM) and metabolic disorders are frequent health problems among reproductive‐aged women worldwide. Cardio‐metabolic risk profile of women with EM is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the cardio‐metabolic risk profile of Iranian reproductive‐aged women with EM.MethodsThis study included 976 female participants aged 20–45 years of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Endometriosis was diagnosed based on the participants' self‐reported previous diagnosis of EM, which was confirmed by reviewing the relevant medical documentation. All biochemical measures (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL], high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL], triglycerides [TG], and fasting blood glucose concentrations [FBG]) and measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and anthropometric parameters were performed according to the standard protocol of TLGS. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio of cardio‐metabolic disease.ResultsOf the 976 study participants, 161 individuals (16.5%) had a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis. There were no significant differences in the median of metabolic parameters among women with and without endometriosis (p > 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in women with EM group compared to the non‐EM group (21.9% vs. 14.9%). The presence of endometriosis was associated with an increased odds of metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 1.99 [95% CI 1.20–3.30]; p = 0.007). And endometriosis significantly increased odds of low HDL by 2.07 (1.02–4.20); after adjustment, it still remained significant (p = 0.03). Endometriosis also increased odds of high waist circumstance significantly (1.58 [1.06–2.37]; p = 0.02).ConclusionsWomen with endometriosis may be at an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, high waist circumstance and low HDL compared to their counterparts without the condition. Given the potential cardio‐metabolic implications, healthcare providers should consider assessing the metabolic profile of women diagnosed with endometriosis.
When Our History Meets Their History: Strategies Young People in Serbia Use to Coordinate Conflicting Group Narratives
Authors: Ivanović Jovan , Stanković Biljana , Žeželj Iris 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWhen a multiethnic state, such as the former Yugoslavia, dissolves in a violent ethnic‐based conflict, new generations grow up on one‐sided historical narratives. While there is plenty of evidence of how appropriating such narratives delegitimises outgroups, studies on how young people coordinate diverse group narratives are lacking. To address this issue, we explored promotive strategies young majority group members use in building a more inclusive historical understanding of two conflicting (majority and minority) narratives. The sample consisted of ten pairs of ethnic Serb high school seniors with a task to jointly build one common narrative of two one‐sided narratives adapted from post‐conflict textbooks of majority (Serb) and minority (Bosniak) ethnic groups. We used step‐by‐step dialogical analysis of semantic promoters in participants' interactions to capture how ingroup and outgroup perspectives are collaboratively positioned. Our results suggest that participants use various cognitive, affective, identity and value‐based strategies to coordinate conflicting perspectives. The identified promotive strategies can help in developing evidence‐based educational materials and teaching environments, especially in post‐conflict and divided societies.
Enzymatic and Enzyme‐Free Electrochemical Lactate Sensors: A Review of the Recent Developments
Authors: Saputra Heru Agung , Karim Md Mobarok 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLactate is a useful analytical indicator in various fields. The lactate monitoring benefits from evaluating the body's condition, as excessive muscle use or fatigue can result in injury. Further, it is useful for alerting to emergencies like haemorrhage, hypoxia, respiratory distress, and sepsis. Additionally, the determination of the food's lactate level is very important in examining freshness, storage stability, and fermentation degree. Given such benefits, the determination of lactate in various samples has been widely explored, especially using electrochemical sensor technology. Despite enzymatic sensors being the focus of numerous studies, enzyme‐free platforms have gained focus over the last few years to address the matter of enzyme stability. This review article respectfully offers an overview of the concepts, applications, and recent advances of electrochemical lactate detection platforms. A comparison of hot research for enzymatic and enzyme‐free lactate sensors in terms of electrode surface engineering, enzymes and their immobilisation matrices, and several analytical parameters, including linear dynamic range, the limit of detection, sensitivity, and stability, have been discussed. In addition, future perspectives have been highlighted in this review.
Mechanical Microvibration Device Enhancing Immunohistochemistry Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Li Jirui , Xie Fengshan , Zeng Liting , Hong Liangli , Li Penghao , Yan Xiaomiao , Xu Jingliang , Du Meina , Hong Jiongzhi , Yi Dingrong , Xie Jiahao , Gu Jiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTImmunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology and biomedical research, but there is still a need to shorten the operation process and reduce the cost of antibodies. This study aims to assess a novel IHC technique that incorporates mechanical microvibration (MMV) to expedite the process, reduce antibody consumption, and enhance staining quality. MMV was generated using coin vibration motors attached to glass slides mounted with consecutive tissue sections. Multiple antibodies targeting various antigens were used to stain cancerous and normal tissues, with and without microvibration. Various parameters were tested, including incubation durations, temperatures, and antibody dilutions. The novel method showed the potential to achieve comparable or superior outcomes in significantly less time, utilizing over 10 times less antibody than controls. MMV improved specific staining quality, yielding stronger, and better‐defined positive reactions. This was validated through a multicenter double‐blind assessment and quantitative image analysis. The possible mechanisms were also investigated. MMV shortens immunohistochemical staining duration, reduces antibody usage, and enhances staining specificity, likely by accelerating antibody movement and diffusion. These improvements translate to time and cost savings, offering clinical and financial value for diagnostic pathology and biomedical research.
Electrochemical recycling of lithium‐ion batteries: Advancements and future directions
Authors: Arnold Stefanie , Ruthes Jean G. A. , Kim Choonsoo , Presser Volker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of technological innovation in the current global energy‐transition paradigm, driving surging demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy‐storage solutions. Despite their widespread use and superior energy densities, the environmental footprint and resource scarcity associated with LIBs necessitate sustainable recycling strategies. This comprehensive review critically examines the existing landscape of battery recycling methodologies, including pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling techniques, along with emerging approaches such as bioleaching and electrochemical separation. Our analysis not only underscores the environmental and efficiency challenges posed by conventional recycling methods but also highlights the promising potential of electrochemical techniques for enhancing selectivity, reducing energy consumption, and mitigating secondary waste production. By delving into recent advancements and juxtaposing various recycling methodologies, we pinpoint electrochemical recycling as a pivotal technology for efficiently recovering valuable metals, such as Li, Ni, Co, and Mn, from spent LIBs in an environmentally benign manner. Our discussion extends to the scalability, economic viability, and future directions of electrochemical recycling, and advocates for their integration into global battery‐recycling infrastructure to address the dual challenges of resource depletion and environmental sustainability.image
Antigone or the Right to Kill: Making Noise As Resistance
Authors: Papachristou Dana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article delves into the relation between the terms social dissonance, necropolitics and Sophocles' tragedy, Antigone. By attempting an interdisciplinary analysis and by bringing together elements of sound studies, political theory and classical literature, I will explore the contemporary dynamics between social dissonance, necropolitics and resistance. The key point is that beyond contemporary contexts or rather recent modernity, resistance to the authoritarian volition can be understood metaphorically as noise within a context of a wider social dissonance arrangement. While examining Antigone's defiance in the face of oppressive power, we are reminded of the individuals striving for justice and autonomy in the face of oppressive systems, as resistance to generalized capitalism prevailing positivity and appropriation. By juxtaposing the sociopolitical context in which Sophocles wrote Antigone and various manifestations of necropolitics in our times, this article explores the relevance of the play in today's ubiquitous surveillance and subjugation. Moreover, it emphasises the significance of the term 'social dissonance', as proposed by Mattin, in understanding the responses towards power struggles and forms of resistance. The collision of these concepts occurs, here, in their shared focus on power dynamics and resistance against oppressive systems: it explores the ways in which power operates, so as to control and manipulate individuals and communities, creating conditions of voluntary servitude and subjugation. As this analysis emphasises the potential for resistance, these terms can serve as a framework to challenge dominant narratives. When examining the intersection of necropolitics and social dissonance, we can explore how the exercise of necropolitical strategies leads to oppression by silencing dissent, suppressing alternative narratives and perpetuating oppressive structures. Silence is metaphorically seen here as a system of perpetuating power, subordinating resistance and ultimately, incorporating noise into the capitalist narrative. The clash between the dominant necropolitical regime and the underlying resistance exposes the tension and contradictions within society, laying the foundation for social movements.
Collocation Finite Element Method for the Fractional Fokker–Planck Equation
Authors: Karabenli Hatice , Esen Alaattin , Uçar Yusuf 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the approximate results of the fractional Fokker–Planck equations have been investigated. First, finite element schemes have been obtained using collocation finite element method based on the trigonometric quintic B‐spline basis functions. Then, the present method is tested on two fundamental problems having appropriate initial conditions. The newly obtained numerical results contained the error norms and for various temporal and spatial steps are compared with the exact ones and other solutions. More accurate results have been obtained for large numbers of spatial and temporal elements.
Can Enzymatic Modified Pectin in Mediterranean Fruits Be Therapeutic Against Stomach Cancer?
Authors: Üstün Selime , Kizil Hamit Emre , Dertli Enes 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of enzymatically modified pectin products derived from grapefruit, jujube, and kumquat on the MKN‐45 gastric cancer cell line in vitro. FTIR analysis revealed that the spectra of the pectins produced were comparable to those of commercial pectin and included the characteristic peaks identified in the literature. The galacturonic acid content was measured as 612 mg/g in grapefruit pectin, 544 mg/g in jujube pectin, and 704 mg/g in kumquat pectin. DSC analysis indicated that all pectin samples and their modifications exhibited one endothermic peak and one exothermic peak. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed that the enzymatically modified grapefruit pectin demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects across all tested concentrations, with 0.075 mg/mL being the most effective. For kumquat pectin, all tested concentrations showed cytotoxic properties, with 0.3, 0.15, and 0.075 mg/mL being the most effective. In the case of jujube pectin, cytotoxic effects were observed at all concentrations except for 1.2 mg/mL.
Magnesite hosted by the Neoarchean ultramafic rocks in Attappadi, southern India: Insights from spectral and stable isotope investigation
Authors: Haritha A , Kakkassery Asif Iqbal , Rajesh V. J. , Kumar Sanjeev , Khedr Mohamed Zaki 
Published: October 2024

Magnesite is an economically important mineral commonly found in ultramafic complexes worldwide, primarily in Archean to Proterozoic ultramafic complexes. This study focuses on the chemical and spectral characterization of magnesite found in the Neoarchean ultramafic rocks in the Attappadi region in the Southern Granulite Terrane of southern India. The research utilizes x‐ray diffraction analysis, hyperspectral, laser Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. The studied ultramafic rocks are part of a well‐exposed ophiolitic suite known as the Agali ophiolitic complex. Magnesite primarily occurs as veins, veinlets, and lenses within weathered ultramafic rocks. The hyperspectral analysis of the magnesite samples shows absorption bands in the shortwave infrared region, particularly around 2.3 and 2.5 μm, which correspond to the stretching and bending of the CO bond in the (CO3)2− ion in MgCO3. The laser Raman spectra show intensity peaks at 1095, 738, and 330 cm−1, which may be attributed to the translational and librational vibrations. The Fourier transform infrared data reveal transmittance at 1434, 880, and 747 cm−1, corresponding to MgO bond stretching and asymmetrical CO stretching. The x‐ray powder diffraction spectra exhibit diffraction peaks at 32°, 35°, 42°, 46° and 53°, characteristic of pure magnesite. The spectroscopic parameters derived from various analyses indicate that the magnesite is high quality and free from gangue minerals. Stable isotope analysis of the magnesite samples yielded δ13C values ranging from −5‰ to −9‰ and δ18O values in the range of 21‰–25‰. The estimated water temperature from which the magnesite has been precipitated is ~59 ± 3.9°C. Based on the field relations, mode of occurrence and isotopic signatures, the mineralization is considered to have been formed by the low‐temperature alteration of ultramafic rocks facilitated by CO2‐rich fluids in the near‐surface environment. This study compares the characteristics of magnesite from the study area with a few Neoproterozoic serpentinite‐hosted magnesite veins in the ophiolitic sequence of the Egyptian Eastern Desert, which is part of the Arabian Nubian shield. The research aims to contribute to understanding magnesite formation in Archaean to Proterozoic mafic–ultramafic rocks on the Earth's crust. It also provides insights into the geological processes that govern the genesis of ultramafic‐hosted magnesite globally, particularly in East Gondwana fragments. This information can enhance mineral exploration and resource evaluation in these regions, helping to identify economic prospects and assess the feasibility of magnesite resource extraction and utilization in East Gondwana fragments.
Additional Cover
Authors: Miller Alexis , Wang Vickie , Jegede Victor , Necker Fabian , Curry Joseph , Baik Fred M. , Verma Avanti , Holsinger F. Christopher , Tuluc Madalina , Rahman Mobeen , Lewis James S. , Rosenthal Eben , Topf Michael C. 
Published: October 2024

Additional Cover: The cover image is based on the article How far are we off? Analyzing the accuracy of surgical margin relocation in the head and neck by Alexis Miller BS et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27793.image
Substance discrimination imaging derived from switchable soft and hard x‐ray sensing in direct x‐ray detector
Authors: Zhao Jingda , Wang Xin , Li Yuwei , Cheng Qi , Onwudiwe Damian Chinedu , Bae Byung Seong , Ertuğrul Mehmet , Zhu Ying , Lei Wei , Xu Xiaobao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubstance discrimination beyond the shape feature is urgently desired for x‐ray imaging for enhancing target identification. With two x‐ray sources or stacked two detectors, the two‐energy‐channel x‐ray detection can discriminate substance density by normalizing the target thickness. Nevertheless, the artifacts, high radiation dose and difficulty in image alignment due to two sources or two detectors impede their widespread application. In this work, we report a single direct x‐ray detector with MAPbI3/MAPbBr3 heterojunction for switchable soft x‐ray (<20 keV) and hard x‐ray (>20 keV) detection under one x‐ray source. Systematic characterizations confirm soft and hard x‐ray deposit their energy in MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 layer, respectively, while working voltages can control the collection of generated charge carriers in each layer for selective soft/hard x‐ray detection. The switching rate between soft and hard x‐ray detection mode reaches 100 Hz. Moreover, the detector possesses a moderate performance with ~50 nGy s−1 in limit‐of‐detection, ~8000 μC Gy−1 cm−2 in sensitivity and ~7 lp/mm in imaging resolution. By defining the attenuation coefficient ratio (𝜇L/𝜇H) as substance label, we effectively mitigate the influence of target thickness and successfully discriminate substances in the acquired x‐ray images.image