bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correspondent Functional Topography of the Human Left Inferior Parietal Lobule at Rest and Under Task Revealed Using Resting‐State fMRI and Coactivation Based Parcellation
Authors: Wang Jiaojian , Xie Sangma , Guo Xin , Becker Benjamin , Fox Peter T. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe human left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL) plays a pivotal role in many cognitive functions and is an important node in the default mode network (DMN). Although many previous studies have proposed different parcellation schemes for the LIPL, the detailed functional organization of the LIPL and the exact correspondence between the DMN and LIPL subregions remain unclear. Mounting evidence indicates that spontaneous fluctuations in the brain are strongly associated with cognitive performance at the behavioral level. However, whether a consistent functional topographic organization of the LIPL during rest and under task can be revealed remains unknown. Here, they used resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) and task‐related coactivation patterns separately to parcellate the LIPL and identified seven subregions. Four subregions were located in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and three subregions were located in the angular gyrus (AG). The subregion‐specific networks and functional characterization revealed that the four anterior subregions were found to be primarily involved in sensorimotor processing, movement imagination and inhibitory control, audition perception and speech processing, and social cognition, whereas the three posterior subregions were mainly involved in episodic memory, semantic processing, and spatial cognition. The results revealed a detailed functional organization of the LIPL and suggested that the LIPL is a functionally heterogeneous area. In addition, the present study demonstrated that the functional architecture of the LIPL during rest corresponds with that found in task processing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1659–1675, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of correction factors in human brain lesion‐behavior inference
Authors: Sperber Christoph , Karnath Hans‐Otto 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStatistical voxel‐based lesion‐behavior mapping (VLBM) in neurological patients with brain lesions is frequently used to examine the relationship between structure and function of the healthy human brain. Only recently, two simulation studies noted reduced anatomical validity of this method, observing the results of VLBM to be systematically misplaced by about 16 mm. However, both simulation studies differed from VLBM analyses of real data in that they lacked the proper use of two correction factors: lesion size and “sufficient lesion affection.” In simulation experiments on a sample of 274 real stroke patients, we found that the use of these two correction factors reduced misplacement markedly compared to uncorrected VLBM. Apparently, the misplacement is due to physiological effects of brain lesion anatomy. Voxel‐wise topographies of collateral damage in the real data were generated and used to compute a metric for the inter‐voxel relation of brain damage. “Anatomical bias” vectors that were solely calculated from these inter‐voxel relations in the patients' real anatomical data, successfully predicted the VLBM misplacement. The latter has the potential to help in the development of new VLBM methods that provide even higher anatomical validity than currently available by the proper use of correction factors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1692–1701, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the dependence of response inhibition processes on sensory modality
Authors: Bodmer Benjamin , Beste Christian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe ability to inhibit responses is a central sensorimotor function but only recently the importance of sensory processes for motor inhibition mechanisms went more into the research focus. In this regard it is elusive, whether there are differences between sensory modalities to trigger response inhibition processes. Due to functional neuroanatomical considerations strong differences may exist, for example, between the visual and the tactile modality. In the current study we examine what neurophysiological mechanisms as well as functional neuroanatomical networks are modulated during response inhibition. Therefore, a Go/NoGo‐paradigm employing a novel combination of visual, tactile, and visuotactile stimuli was used. The data show that the tactile modality is more powerful than the visual modality to trigger response inhibition processes. However, the tactile modality loses its efficacy to trigger response inhibition processes when being combined with the visual modality. This may be due to competitive mechanisms leading to a suppression of certain sensory stimuli and the response selection level. Variations in sensory modalities specifically affected conflict monitoring processes during response inhibition by modulating activity in a frontal parietal network including the right inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and the temporoparietal junction. Attentional selection processes are not modulated. The results suggest that the functional neuroanatomical networks involved in response inhibition critically depends on the nature of the sensory input. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1941–1951, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The CAN‐In network: A biologically inspired model for self‐sustained theta oscillations and memory maintenance in the hippocampus
Authors: Giovannini Francesco , Knauer Beate , Yoshida Motoharu , Buhry Laure 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDuring working memory tasks, the hippocampus exhibits synchronous theta‐band activity, which is thought to be correlated with the short‐term memory maintenance of salient stimuli. Recent studies indicate that the hippocampus contains the necessary circuitry allowing it to generate and sustain theta oscillations without the need of extrinsic drive. However, the cellular and network mechanisms supporting synchronous rhythmic activity are far from being fully understood. Based on electrophysiological recordings from hippocampal pyramidal CA1 cells, we present a possible mechanism for the maintenance of such rhythmic theta‐band activity in the isolated hippocampus. Our model network, based on the Hodgkin‐Huxley formalism, comprising pyramidal neurons equipped with calcium‐activated nonspecific cationic (CAN) ion channels, is able to generate and sustain synchronized theta oscillations (4–12 Hz), following a transient stimulation. The synchronous network activity is maintained by an intrinsic CAN current (ICAN), in the absence of constant external input. When connecting the pyramidal‐CAN network to fast‐spiking inhibitory interneurons, the dynamics of the model reveal that feedback inhibition improves the robustness of fast theta oscillations, by tightening the synchronization of the pyramidal CAN neurons. The frequency and power of the theta oscillations are both modulated by the intensity of the ICAN, which allows for a wide range of oscillation rates within the theta band. This biologically plausible mechanism for the maintenance of synchronous theta oscillations in the hippocampus aims at extending the traditional models of septum‐driven hippocampal rhythmic activity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PUBLIC POLICY, CHILD DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH AND BOYS AT RISK: CHALLENGING, ENDURING AND NECESSARY PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Mckinney Marvin , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Winn Donna‐Marie , Babcock Patrick 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTResearch findings documenting the issues and challenges of boys prebirth through age 5 years have barely penetrated the arena of public policy making nor has it permeated the public agenda of politicians, government, or other funding stakeholders. The purpose of this article is to articulate pathways for researchers to enter into the policy‐making process. We review critical issues related to implementing the process of public policy. We argue that the policy process needs to be informed by more dynamic theoretical models of human development, and that researchers and clinicians need to be exposed more deeply to the processes required to inform and subsequently change public policy. We contend that most quantitative research on boys at risk occurs at the micro‐ and the mesosystem level rather than at the exo‐ and the macrosystem levels where structural societal policies embedded in economic and racial inequities contribute to risk. Researchers, clinicians, and policy makers need to create collaborative partnerships designed to develop, advocate, and implement more evidence‐based policies designed to enhance the quality of life for boys at risk.
Body mass index change in gastrointestinal cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with Dedicator of Cytokinesis 1
Authors: McDonald Merry‐Lynn Noelle , Won Sungho , Mattheisen Manuel , Castaldi Peter J. , Cho Michael H. , Rutten Erica , Hardin Megan , Yip Wai‐Ki , Rennard Stephen I. , Lomas David A. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Agusti Alvar , Casaburi Richard , Lange Christoph P. , O'Connor George , Hersh Craig P. , Silverman Edwin K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere have been a number of candidate gene association studies of cancer cachexia‐related traits, but no genome‐wide association study (GWAS) has been published to date. Cachexia presents in patients with a number of complex traits, including both cancer and COPD. The objective of the current investigation was to search for a shared genetic aetiology for change in body mass index (ΔBMI) among cancer and COPD by using GWAS data in the Framingham Heart Study.MethodsA linear mixed effects model accounting for age, sex, and change in smoking status was used to calculate ΔBMI in participants over 40 years of age with three consecutive BMI time points (n = 4162). Four GWAS of ΔBMI using generalized estimating equations were performed among 1085 participants with a cancer diagnosis, 204 with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, 112 with lung cancer, and 237 with COPD to test for association with 418 365 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).ResultsTwo SNPs reached a level of genome‐wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) with ΔBMI: (i) rs41526344 within the CNTN4 gene, among COPD cases (β = 0.13, P = 4.3 × 10−8); and (ii) rs4751240 in the gene Dedicator of Cytokinesis 1 (DOCK1) among GI cancer cases (β = 0.10, P = 1.9 × 10−8). The DOCK1 SNP association replicated in the ΔBMI GWAS among COPD cases (βmeta‐analyis = 0.10, Pmeta‐analyis = 9.3 × 10−10). The DOCK1 gene codes for the dedicator of cytokinesis 1 protein, which has a role in myoblast fusion.ConclusionsIn sum, one statistically significant common variant in the DOCK1 gene was associated with ΔBMI in GI cancer and COPD cases providing support for at least partially shared aetiology of ΔBMI in complex diseases.
Male greater sage‐grouse movements among leks
Authors: Fremgen Aleshia L. , Rota Christopher T. , Hansen Christopher P. , Rumble Mark A. , Gamo R. Scott , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMovements among leks by breeding birds (i.e., interlek movements) could affect the population's genetic flow, complicate use of lek counts as a population index, and indicate a change in breeding behavior following a disturbance. We used a Bayesian multi‐state mark‐recapture model to assess the daily probability of male greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) interlek movements and estimate factors influencing movements among leks. We fitted 145 males with solar Argos global positioning systems platform transmitter terminals over 4 years (2011–2014) in Carbon County, Wyoming, USA. The daily probability of a male sage‐grouse moving among leks ranged 0.003 (95% CI = 0.000–0.010) in 2011 to 0.010 (95% CI = 0.001–0.021) in 2013, indicating high daily lek fidelity throughout the season, although there was a 5–42% chance annually a male would move at least once to another lek throughout the season ( days analyzed/M = 55 ± 3.3 days [SE]). Interlek movement probabilities were strongly affected by day of year, peaking early in the lek season. Interlek movements were positively associated with elevation. Seasonal interlek movements occurred more frequently than previously reported, and can bias lek counts in early spring as males move from low to high elevation leks, which reinforces interlek movements as a critical component of lek ecology. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Long‐Term Stable Poly(acrylamide) Brush Modified Transparent Microwells for Cell Attachment Studies in 3D
Authors: Lilge Inga , Jiang Siyu , Schönherr Holger 
Published: January 2017

The fabrication of 3D cell microenvironments exploiting versatile, long‐term stable passivating poly(acryl amide) brushes in a microwell format and the study of the behavior of fibroblast and pancreatic tumor cells in wells of systematically varied shape and size is reported. The microwells, which are obtained by combining micromolding in capillaries with microcontact printing of initiator monolayers for subsequent surface‐initiated polymerization of acrylamide and controlled functionalization with fibronectin (FN), expose cell adhesive areas inside the wells and protein and cell resistant brushes on the topside plateaus. NIH 3T3 fibroblast and pancreatic tumor (Patu 8988T) cells adhere and remain viable in the FN coated microwells for more than 1 week. Compared to 2D patterns, both cell lines are observed to attach to the bottom as well as the sidewalls of the microwells. The cytoskeleton alignment is found to be less pronounced compared to 2D patterned substrates, independent of microwell size and geometry.
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3D Printing of Aniline Tetramer‐Grafted‐Polyethylenimine and Pluronic F127 Composites for Electroactive Scaffolds
Authors: Dong Shi‐Lei , Han Lu , Du Cai‐Xia , Wang Xiao‐Yu , Li Lu‐Hai , Wei Yen 
Published: January 2017

Electroactive hydrogel scaffolds are fabricated by the 3D‐printing technique using composites of 30% Pluronic F127 and aniline tetramer‐grafted‐polyethylenimine (AT‐PEI) copolymers with various contents from 2.5% to 10%. The synthesized AT‐PEI copolymers can self‐assemble into nanoparticles with the diameter of ≈50 nm and display excellent electroactivity due to AT conjugation. The copolymers are then homogeneously distributed into 30% Pluronic F127 solution by virtue of the thermosensitivity of F127, denoted as F/AT‐PEI composites. Macroscopic photographs of latticed scaffolds elucidate their excellent printability of F/AT‐PEI hydrogels for the 3D‐printing technique. The conductivities of the printed F/AT‐PEI scaffolds are all higher than 2.0 × 10−3 S cm−1, which are significantly improved compared with that of F127 scaffold with only 0.94 × 10−3 S cm−1. Thus, the F/AT‐PEI scaffolds can be considered as candidates for application in electrical stimulation of tissue regeneration such as repair of muscle and cardiac nerve tissue.
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Efficient and Regioselectivity‐Tunable Metal‐Free Polycycloaddition of Activated Azide and Alkynes
Authors: Wu Yongwei , He Benzhao , Wang Jia , Hu Rongrong , Zhao Zujin , Huang Fei , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2017

The transition‐metal catalyzed and metal‐free click polymerizations have been developed as powerful tools for the construction of functional polymers with linear and hyperbranched structures. The latter provides a thorough solution for the completely removing metallic residues from the products encountered in the former. Compared to the activated alkyne–azide metal‐free click polymerization, the activated azide–alkyne one is rarely studied. In this Communication, a perfluorophenyl‐activated azide of hexane‐1,6‐diyl‐bis(4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoate) is rationally designed and facilely prepared. Through systematical optimization of the reaction conditions, an efficient metal‐free perfluorophenylazide–alkyne polycycloaddition is established, and polytriazoles with high molecular weights (up to 166 000) and excellent solubility are obtained in excellent yields (up to 93%) under mild reaction conditions. Interestingly, the regioselectivity of the reaction could be fine‐tuned by the solvents and diyne monomers. Therefore, this work provides not only a powerful tool for the preparation of functional polytriazoles, but also an attractive method for fine‐tuning their regioregularity.
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A Multiresponsive Amphiphilic Supramolecular Diblock Copolymer Based on Pillar[10]arene/Paraquat Complexation for Rate‐Tunable Controlled Release
Authors: Chi Xiaodong , Ji Xiaofan , Shao Li , Huang Feihe 
Published: January 2017

Herein, for rate‐tunable controlled release, the authors report a new facile method to prepare multiresponsive amphiphilic supramolecular diblock copolymers via the cooperative complexation between a water‐soluble pillar[10]arene and paraquat‐containing polymers in water. This supramolecular diblock copolymer can self‐assemble into multiresponsive polymeric micelles at room temperature in water. The resultant micelles can be further used in the controlled release of small molecules with tunable release rates depending on the type of single stimulus and the combination of various stimuli.
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No Strain, No Gain? Enzymatic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Strainless Aliphatic Macrolactones
Authors: Witt Timo , Häußler Manuel , Mecking Stefan 
Published: January 2017

Starting from readily available oleic and erucic acid, macrocyclic nonadecalactone (C19) and tricosalactone (C23) can be synthesized in polymerization grade purity in a four‐step reaction sequence. Ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of these strainless macrolactones can be performed utilizing an enzyme as a catalyst. Despite the missing ring‐strain as key driving force for smaller (strained) lactones, high molar masses (Mn ≈ 105 g mol−1) can be accessed in an entropically driven ROP. Polyester‐19 and polyester‐23 prepared feature melting temperatures well above 100 °C. Further analysis of the mechanical properties of these materials displays the resemblance to polyethylene. For example, Young's moduli on the order of 600 MPa are observed as a result of the high crystallinity of the polymer.
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Cyclic Multiblock Copolymers via Combination of Iterative Cu(0)‐Mediated Radical Polymerization and Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Xiao Lifen , Zhu Wen , Chen Jiqiang , Zhang Ke 
Published: January 2017

Cyclic multiblock polymers with high‐order blocks are synthesized via the combination of single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) and copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The linear α,ω‐telechelic multiblock copolymer is prepared via SET‐LRP by sequential addition of different monomers. The SET‐LRP approach allows well control of the block length and sequence as A‐B‐C‐D‐E, etc. The CuAAC is then performed to intramolecularly couple the azide and alkyne end groups of the linear copolymer and produce the corresponding cyclic copolymer. The block sequence and the cyclic topology of the resultant cyclic copolymer are confirmed by the characterization of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.
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Heterogeneities in Polymer Structural and Dynamic Properties in Graphene and Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Azimi Majid , Mirjavadi Seyed Sajad , Hamouda Abdel Magid Salem , Makki Hesam 
Published: January 2017

The effect of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO), used as the nanofiller in polymer nanocomposites (NC), on the structural and dynamic properties of polymer chains, has been studied by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two polymers, i.e., poly(propylene) and poly(vinyl alcohol), are employed as matrices to cover a wider range of polymer–filler interactions. The local structural properties, e.g., density profile, average Rg, and end‐to‐end distance as well as dynamic properties, e.g., estimated translational and orientational relaxation times, of polymer chains are studied. In addition, the interaction energies are estimated between polymers and nanofillers for different hybrid systems using MD pullout simulations. Strong heterogeneities in polymer structural and dynamic properties have been observed such that chains are more oriented and exhibit slower dynamics in the vicinity of the nanofillers (G and GO) as compared to bulk. It is also found that the orientation of polymer chains at the interface is more influenced by the nanofiller in such a way that the more oriented polymer chains are observed in G‐based NC for both polymers. However, the immobilization of polymer chains at the interface proves to be very much dependent on the polymer–filler interactions.
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Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenous anastomosis for a patient with breast lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment
Authors: Giacalone Guido , Yamamoto Takumi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBreast lymphedema (BLE) has been reported as a complication following breast cancer treatment. As for extremity lymphedema treatment, supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) is considered an option for the treatment of progressive BLE refractory to conservative treatments, but no case has been reported so far. We report the first case of BLE successfully treated with supermicrosurgical LVA. A 55‐year‐old female presented with left BLE after breast conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy. After the cancer treatments, the patient suffered from pronounced swelling, sensation of tension, and pain of the left breast with frequent episodes of breast cellulitis. Conservative treatments had been performed for 7 years, but were not effective, and the patient was referred for further surgical treatment. Supermicrosurgical LVA was performed at the left breast. LVA surgery resulted in three anastomoses, in which three lymphatic vessels were anastomosed to three nearby veins in an intima‐to‐intima coaptation manner. After LVA, the left breast decreased in size, and the sensation of tension disappeared. One year postoperatively, the patient had no distress nor cellulitis episode, and was satisfied with the results of normal breast conditions. Although further clinical studies are required to confirm efficacy, supermicrosurgical LVA has the potential to be an option for the treatment of progressive BLE refractory to conservative treatments.