bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Land Tenure Security into Conservation
Authors: Robinson Brian E. , Masuda Yuta J. , Kelly Allison , Holland Margaret B. , Bedford Charles , Childress Malcolm , Fletschner Diana , Game Edward T. , Ginsburg Chloe , Hilhorst Thea , Lawry Steven , Miteva Daniela A. , Musengezi Jessica , Naughton‐Treves Lisa , Nolte Christoph , Sunderlin William D. , Veit Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInsecure land tenure plagues many developing and tropical regions, often where conservation concerns are highest. Conservation organizations have long focused on protected areas as tenure interventions, but are now thinking more comprehensively about whether and how to incorporate other land tenure strategies into their work, and how to more soundly ground such interventions on evidence of both conservation and human benefits. Through a review of the literature on land tenure security as it relates to conservation practice, predominantly in the tropics, we aim to help conservation practitioners consider and incorporate more appropriate land tenure security interventions into conservation strategies. We present a framework that identifies three common ways in which land tenure security can impact human and conservation outcomes, and suggest practical ways to distill tenure and tenure security issues for a given location. We conclude with steps for considering tenure security issues in the context of conservation projects and identify areas for future research.
Atopic skin: In vivo Raman identification of global molecular signature, a comparative study with healthy skin
Authors: Verzeaux Laurie , Vyumvuhore Raoul , Boudier David , Le Guillou Maud , Bordes Sylvie , Essendoubi Mohammed , Manfait Michel , Closs Brigitte 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin inflammatory disease, affecting up to 3% of adults and 20% of children. Skin barrier impairment is thought to be the primary factor in this disease. Currently, there is no method proposed to monitor non‐invasively the different molecular disorders involved in the upper layer of AD skin. Raman microspectroscopy has proved to be a powerful tool to characterize some AD molecular descriptors such as lipid content, global hydration level, filaggrin and its derivatives. Our investigations aimed to extend the use of in vivo Raman microspectroscopy as a rapid and non‐invasive diagnostic technique for lipid conformation and organization, protein secondary structure and bound water content analysis in atopic skin. Our approach was based on the analysis of Raman data collected on the stratum corneum (SC) of 11 healthy and 10 mild‐to‐moderate atopic patients. Atopic skin revealed a modification of lipid organization and conformation in addition to the decrease of the lipid‐to‐protein ratio. This study also highlighted a reduction of the bound water and an increase in protein organized secondary structure in atopic skin. All these descriptors worsen the barrier function, state and appearance of the skin in AD. This precise and relevant information will allow an in vivo follow‐up of the pathology and a better evaluation of the pharmacological activity of therapeutic molecules for the treatment of AD.
REGγ accelerates melanoma formation by regulating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Hui , Gao Xiao , Sun Zhengwang , Wang Qingwei , Zuo Di , Pan Linian , Li Kun , Chen Jiwei , Chen Geng , Hu Kewen , Li Ke , Shah Abdus Saboor , Huang Tingmei , Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti , Tong Lu , Jiao Chan , Liu Jian , Chen Tenghui , Yao Liangfang , Dang Yongyan , Liu Tielong , Li Lei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIt has been reported that the proteasome activator REGγ is associated with multiple oncogenic pathways in human cancers. However, the role of REGγ in the development of melanoma and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of REGγ on human melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that knockdown of REGγ inhibited melanoma cell growth and arrested melanoma cell at G1 phase. Furthermore, depletion of REGγ also inhibited the xenograft growth of human melanoma. Mechanistically, REGγ activates Wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway by degrading GSK‐3β in melanoma cell lines and mouse models. Transient knockdown of β‐catenin effectively blocked cell proliferation in REGγ wild‐type melanoma cells. In human melanoma samples, REGγ was overexpressed and positively correlated with β‐catenin levels. This study demonstrates that REGγ is a central molecule in the development of melanoma by regulating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. This suggests that targeting REGγ could be an alternative therapeutic approach for melanoma.
Managing service facilities with endogenous arrival and service rates
Authors: Delgado Alvarez Carlos A. , van Ackere Ann , Larsen Erik R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe conduct a simulation‐based experiment to analyze how past experiences in a service facility system affect customers’ and service providers’ behavior. We study the problem faced by service providers in deciding by how much to adjust the capacity of their facility when captive repeat customers choose which facility to join based on their expected sojourn times. The customers’ decision‐making process differs from that of service providers in that the former is based on the customers’ experience, whereas the latter is based on the most recent information service providers have regarding demand. Customers use their previous experience and that of their neighbors to update their perceptions of the future average sojourn time, whereas service providers form perceptions of the future arrival rate. We use cellular automata to model the interaction between customers and service providers. We perform simulations to assess the way the customers’ and service providers’ decisions evolve and affect system behavior. Our findings demonstrate that the system we study possesses a certain degree of path dependence. The primary conclusion is that the more conservative service providers are regarding new information, the larger the market share they achieve, and the lower the probability that their facility will shut down.
Associations of Bullying and Cyberbullying With Substance Use and Sexual Risk Taking in Young Adults
Authors: Kritsotakis George , Papanikolaou Maria , Androulakis Emmanouil , Philalithis Anastas E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aims at identifying the sex‐stratified associations of involvement in traditional bullying during middle and high school years and in cyberbullying during college years with multiple health risk behaviors in undergraduate students.DesignThis cross‐sectional analysis draws on the data of the second wave of the LATO study (Lifestyle & Attitudes in a Student Population) in Greece.MethodsDuring November and December 2013, 812 second‐year undergraduate students (mean age = 19.3 years; girls = 66.1%) provided data on substance use (smoking, alcohol abuse or drunkenness, illegal drug use including marijuana, hashish, and cannabis) and sexual risk taking (paying for sex and not using condoms) and completed the Cyberbullying and its Effects and the Retrospective Bullying Questionnaires. Logistic regression models performed were adjusted for potential confounders.FindingsBoth male and female late adolescents who were victims of bullying during middle and high school were less likely to use condoms during college years when compared to uninvolved students. Among males, being a bully or victim at school doubled the odds for past month drunkenness and tripled the odds of paying for sex. Greater likelihood to pay for sex was also evident in bullying victims. Cyberbully or cybervictim male students were more likely to report smoking. In female bullying victims, alcohol abuse associations were somewhat conflicting, with decreased lifetime but increased past month likelihood for drunkenness.ConclusionsEngagement in bullying and cyberbullying is associated with the manifestation of gender‐specific health risk behaviors for the different involvement groups in college students.Clinical RelevanceInvolvement in bullying and cyberbullying is a major public health concern due to the associations with multiple health risk behaviors. Nurses and healthcare professionals should adopt multifaceted prevention interventions tailored according to bullying status and gender that extend through all educational levels.
Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to rabbits
Authors: Marín P. , García‐Martínez F. , Hernándis V. , Escudero E. 
Published: June 2017

The disposition kinetics of norfloxacin, after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration was determined in rabbits at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Six New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were treated with aqueous solution of norfloxacin (2%). A cross‐over design was used in three phases (2 × 2 × 2), with two washout periods of 15 days. Plasma samples were collected up to 72 hr after treatment, snap‐frozen at −45°C and analysed for norfloxacin concentrations using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The terminal half‐life for i.v., i.m. and s.c. routes was 3.18, 4.90 and 4.16 hr, respectively. Clearance value after i.v. dosing was 0.80 L/h·kg. After i.m. administration, the absolute bioavailability was (mean ± SD) 108.25 ± 12.98% and the Cmaxwas 3.68 mg/L. After s.c. administration, the absolute bioavailability was (mean ± SD) 84.08 ± 10.36% and the Cmaxwas 4.28 mg/L. As general adverse reactions were not observed in any rabbit and favourable pharmacokinetics were found, norfloxacin at 10 mg/kg after i.m. and s.c. dose could be effective in rabbits against micro‐organisms withMIC≤0.14 or 0.11 μg/mL, respectively.
A toolkit for Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779 enables gene stacking and genetic engineering of the eicosapentaenoic acid pathway for enhanced long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production
Authors: Poliner Eric , Pulman Jane A. , Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Childs Kevin , Benning Christoph , Farré Eva M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryNannochloropsis oceanica is an oleaginous microalga rich in ω3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) content, in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). We identified the enzymes involved in LC‐PUFA biosynthesis in N. oceanica CCMP1779 and generated multigene expression vectors aiming at increasing LC‐PUFA content in vivo. We isolated the cDNAs encoding four fatty acid desaturases (FAD) and determined their function by heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae. To increase the expression of multiple fatty acid desaturases in N. oceanica CCMP1779, we developed a genetic engineering toolkit that includes an endogenous bidirectional promoter and optimized peptide bond skipping 2A peptides. The toolkit also includes multiple epitopes for tagged fusion protein production and two antibiotic resistance genes. We applied this toolkit, towards building a gene stacking system for N. oceanica that consists of two vector series, pNOC‐OX and pNOC‐stacked. These tools for genetic engineering were employed to test the effects of the overproduction of one, two or three desaturase‐encoding cDNAs in N. oceanica CCMP1779 and prove the feasibility of gene stacking in this genetically tractable oleaginous microalga. All FAD overexpressing lines had considerable increases in the proportion of LC‐PUFAs, with the overexpression of Δ12 and Δ5 FAD encoding sequences leading to an increase in the final ω3 product, EPA.
Graft reduction using a powered stapler in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yoshimaru Koichiro , Matsuura Toshiharu , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Hayashida Makoto , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Yanagi Yusuke , Harimoto Norifumi , Ikegami Toru , Uchiyama Hideaki , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Maehara Yoshihiko , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLarge‐for‐size syndrome is defined by inadequate tissue oxygenation, which results in vascular complications and graft compression after abdominal closure in living donor liver transplantation recipients. An accurate graft reduction that matches the optimal liver volume for the recipient is essential. We herein initially present the feasibility and safety of graft reduction using a powered stapler to obtain an optimal graft size. From October 1996 to October 2015, a total of eight graft reductions were performed using a powered stapler (group A; n=4) or by the conventional method using a cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator and portal triad suturing (group B; n=4). The background, intraoperative findings and the post‐operative outcomes of these eight patients were retrospectively investigated. There were no statistically significant differences in the background of the patients in the two groups. Graft reduction was successfully achieved without any intraoperative complications in group A, whereas intraoperative complications, such as bleeding and bile leakage, occurred in two patients of group B. No post‐operative surgical complications were detected on computed tomography; moreover, the serum aspartate aminotransferase level normalized significantly earlier in group A (P<.05). In summary, graft reduction using a powered stapler was feasible and safe in comparison with the conventional method.
Grafting response to excess boron and expression analysis of genes coding boron transporters in tomato
Authors: Di Gioia F. , Aprile A. , Sabella E. , Santamaria P. , Pardossi A. , Miceli A. , De Bellis L. , Nutricati E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Boron (B) is essential for plant growth, however its excess in soil and/or in irrigation water can severely compromise plant growth and yield.

The goal of this work was to determine whether grafting onto ‘Arnold’, a commercial interspecific hybrid (Solanum lycopersicum × S. habrochaites) rootstock, which in a previous study was found to be tolerant to salt stress, could improve tomato (S. lycopersicum L. ‘Ikram’) tolerance to excess B, and whether this effect is associated with an exclusion mechanism. Non‐grafted, self‐grafted and grafted plants were hydroponically grown in a greenhouse with B concentration in the nutrient solution of 0.27 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mg·l−1. A transcription analysis was carried out on SlNIP5 and SlBOR1 genes, which encode putative B transporters.

Grafting ‘Ikram’ onto ‘Arnold’ rootstock reduced B concentration in leaf tissue of plants exposed to B concentrations of 10–15 mg·l−1. At high B levels, SlNIP5 was down‐regulated in all grafting combinations, while SlBOR1 was down‐regulated only in the roots of plants grafted onto ‘Arnold’.

We conclude that grafting the susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Ikram’ onto the commercial rootstock ‘Arnold’ improved tolerance to excess B by reducing expression of genes encoding for B transporters at the root level, thus partially reducing the root uptake of B and its accumulation in the shoot.
Perforation of the gallbladder in a patient with acute cytomegalovirus cholecystitis shortly following renal transplantation
Authors: Imaoka Yuki , Ohira Masahiro , Ishiyama Kohei , Ide Kentaro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA 74‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal failure secondary to diabetes received a living donor renal transplant (cytomegalovirus [CMV]‐seropositive recipient from a CMV‐seropositive donor). Computed tomography scan revealed a gallbladder with hemorrhage. On postoperative day 27, cholecystography revealed gallbladder perforation; he underwent an emergency operation. Histological examination of the gallbladder wall was positive for multiple viral inclusion bodies. We report a very rare case of both hemorrhagic and perforated CMV cholecystitis within a month following renal transplantation.
Noncircular Chainrings Do Not Influence Maximum Cycling Power
Authors: Leong Chee-Hoi , Elmer Steven J. , Martin James C. 
Published: June 2017

Noncircular chainrings could increase cycling power by prolonging the powerful leg extension/flexion phases, and curtailing the low-power transition phases. We compared maximal cycling power-pedaling rate relationships, and joint-specific kinematics and powers across 3 chainring eccentricities (CON = 1.0; LOWecc = 1.13; HIGHecc = 1.24). Part I: Thirteen cyclists performed maximal inertial-load cycling under 3 chainring conditions. Maximum cycling power and optimal pedaling rate were determined. Part II: Ten cyclists performed maximal isokinetic cycling (120 rpm) under the same 3 chainring conditions. Pedal and joint-specific powers were determined using pedal forces and limb kinematics. Neither maximal cycling power nor optimal pedaling rate differed across chainring conditions (all p > .05). Peak ankle angular velocity for HIGHecc was less than CON (p < .05), while knee and hip angular velocities were unaffected. Self-selected ankle joint-center trajectory was more eccentric than HIGHecc with an opposite orientation that increased velocity during extension/flexion and reduced velocity during transitions. Joint-specific powers did not differ across chainring conditions, with a small increase in power absorbed during ankle dorsiflexion with HIGHecc. Multiple degrees of freedom in the leg, crank, and pedal system allowed cyclists to manipulate ankle angular velocity to maintain their preferred knee and hip actions, suggesting maximizing extension/flexion and minimizing transition phases may be counterproductive for maximal power.
Clients and carers perception of mental illness and factors that influence help-seeking: Where they go first and why
Authors: Chilale Harris K , Silungwe Ndumanene Devlin , Gondwe Saulos , Masulani-Mwale Charles 
Published: June 2017

Objective: In Northern Malawi, the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is longer than that in high-income countries. The reasons for the delay in help-seeking are not known, although studies show multiple reasons. This research was conducted to establish health care help-seeking behaviours and identify barriers that exist between service users and health care providers. The study also intended to establish the beliefs that clients and family members have regarding the causes of mental illness which profoundly shape help-seeking, care giving process and outcomes. Methodology: The study employed the exploratory phenomenological method, utilizing focus group discussions (FGDs) in the sampled population. The Health Belief Model and Disease Explanatory Models were conveniently chosen a priori by researchers to develop guide questions to explore clients’ and carers’ perceptions of the illness and their health care help-seeking behaviours. Results: Results show a bio-psycho-social inclination of disease causation and help-seeking behaviour. Causes of mental illness are understood in three categories, namely: physical/biological, psychological and socio-cultural. The majority of participants attributed mental illness to socio-cultural factors, with witchcraft, spirit possession and curses as main determinants. Causal perceptions also influenced help-seeking pathways. Many participants reported consulting traditional healers first, for diagnosis and to know who was responsible. Conclusion: In this study, it has been found that help-seeking is influenced by the understanding of the source of the illness – which has a bio-psychosocial inclination. The socio-cultural explanation of witchcraft and spirit possession is dominant and a determinant of help-seeking behaviour. While participants noted benefits to hospital treatment, barriers and bio-psychosocial in nature were also noted. Guardians and not clients hold the key to choice of treatment modality and therefore a potential ally in all treatment interventions promotive, preventive and curative. There is need for strengthening of a bio-psychosocial intervention model in the treatment of mental illness.
Social class and mental distress in Greek urban communities during the period of economic recession
Authors: Zissi Anastasia , Stalidis George 
Published: June 2017

Background: This study draws on old and well-established evidence that economic change, and especially recession, affects people’s lives, behavior and mental health. Even though the literature is rich on the relationship between unemployment and mental distress, there is a renewed research interest on the link between socio-economic inequalities and psychological health. Aims: The study investigates the relationship of social class with mental distress during the hard times of persistent and severe economic crisis in Greece by conducting a comparative, community study in the country’s second largest city, Thessaloniki. Method: A face-to-face structured interview covering living conditions, life events, chronic stressors and coping strategies was employed to 300 residents of socio-economically contrasting neighborhood areas. Social class was operationalized by Erik Olin Wright’s social class position typology, based on ownership and control over productive assets. The method of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was also applied to analyze the collected data. Results: The results indicated that mental distress was significantly differentiated across social classes and in each residential area. Unemployed and unskilled workers were the most vulnerable groups in terms of psychological health. Chronic stress arose in this study as a risk factor for poor mental health outcomes and it was associated to low marital quality, intense economic burden and impoverished housing conditions. Conclusion: Those who face income loss, job loss and disability are at high risk for poverty and marginalization, suffering from greater psychological distress.
The Function of Mental Health Review Tribunals under the Mental Health Act 1983
Authors: Mawson David Stephen 
Published: June 2017

In November 1981 the European Court of Human Rights declared that the continued detention of a person on the grounds of mental ill-health must be subject to periodic review by a court capable of ordering his discharge, even if the initial reason to commit issued from criminal proceedings. As a result, the British Government was compelled to remove the exclusive right of the Home Secretary to discharge restricted patients by extending this power to mental health review tribunals. The present study of the practice of such tribunals was made possible by the willingness of an experienced tribunal representative to open his case files to scrutiny, and attention was focussed on those cases active since the implementation of the Mental Health Act 1983. The study period, dating from October 1983 to May 1984, yielded 35 completed case files. As the source of the material came from a region containing two special hospitals, 28 (73.7 per cent) of the 35 tribunal hearings studied related to patients previously involved in criminal proceedings.