bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do regulations protect workers from occupational exposures to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents in France?
Authors: Havet Nathalie , Penot Alexis , Plantier Morgane , Charbotel Barbara , Morelle Magali , Fervers Béatrice 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThis article explores the impact of regulations on the implementation of collective protections in France to occupational exposure to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents.MethodsIndividual data from the French national cross-sectional survey of occupational hazards conducted in 2010 were analysed. We investigated whether stricter regulations and longer exposures were associated with higher level of collective protection using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsGeneral ventilation, for which effect is limited as collective protection for CMR products, was present in 19% of situations involving CMR agents while isolation chambers, the most effective form of protection, were only very rarely implemented. Multilevel logistic regressions show that exposure situations to products classified as category 1 or 2 by the European Union do not have a higher probability of benefiting from a collective protection measures. Exposures to products with a Binding Occupational Exposure Limit Value selectively benefited from a better level of protection. Exposures to agents entered on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) list of proven or probable carcinogens benefited more from effective collective protections than products suspected to be carcinogens but not yet classified by IARC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the dissemination of evaluations of carcinogens by the IARC translate into improved protective measures even though the IARC classification has no mandatory impact on regulations.
Geospatial relationship of road traffic crashes and healthcare facilities with trauma surgical capabilities in Nairobi, Kenya: defining gaps in coverage
Authors: Shaw Brian I , Wangara Ali Akida , Wambua Gladys Mbatha , Kiruja Jason , Dicker Rochelle A , Mweu Judith Mutindi , Juillard Catherine 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Access to timely emergency services is needed to decrease the morbidity and mortality of RTIs and other traumatic injuries. Our objective was to describe the distribution of roadtrafficcrashes (RTCs) in Nairobi with the relative distance and travel times for victims of RTCs to health facilities with trauma surgical capabilities.MethodsRTCs in Nairobi County were recorded by the Ma3route app from May 2015 to October 2015 with latitude and longitude coordinates for each RTC extracted using geocoding. Health facility administrators were interviewed to determine surgical capacity of their facilities. RTCs and health facilities were plotted on maps using ArcGIS. Distances and travel times between RTCs and health facilities were determined using the Google Maps Distance Matrix API.Results89 percent (25/28) of health facilities meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated. Overall, health facilities were well equipped for trauma surgery with 96% meeting WHO Minimal Safety Criteria. 76 percent of facilities performed greater than 12 of three pre­selected ‘Bellweather Procedures’ shown to correlate with surgical capability. The average travel time and distance from RTCs to the nearest health facilities surveyed were 7 min and 3.4 km, respectively. This increased to 18 min and 9.6 km if all RTC victims were transported to Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH).ConclusionAlmost all hospitals surveyed in the present study have the ability to care for trauma patients. Treating patients directly at these facilities would decrease travel time compared with transfer to KNH. Nairobi County could benefit from formally coordinating the triage of trauma patients to more facilities to decrease travel time and potentially improve patient outcomes.Level of evidenceIII
Proximal Aberrant Crypt Foci Associate with Synchronous Neoplasia and Are Primed for Neoplastic Progression
Authors: Drew David A. , Mo Allen , Grady James J. , Stevens Richard G. , Levine Joel B. , Brenner Bruce M. , Anderson Joseph C. , Forouhar Faripour , O'Brien Michael J. , Devers Thomas J. , Rosenberg Daniel W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are the earliest morphologically identifiable lesion found within the human colon. Despite their relatively high frequency in the distal colon, few studies have examined the molecular characteristics of ACF within the proximal colon. In the following study, clinical participants (n = 184) were screened for ACF using high-definition chromoendoscopy with contrast dye-spray. Following pathologic confirmation, ACF biopsies were subjected to laser capture microdissection (LCM), and epithelial cells were evaluated for somatic mutations with a customized colorectal cancer mutation panel using DNA-mass spectrometry. Samples were further characterized for microsatellite instability (MSI). Logistic models were used to associate proximal ACF with synchronous (detected during the same procedure) neoplasia. Thirty-nine percent of participants had at least one histologically confirmed proximal ACF. Individuals with a proximal ACF were significantly more likely to present with a synchronous neoplasm (P = 0.001), and specifically, a proximal, tubular, or tubulovillous adenoma (multivariable OR = 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–6.47; P = 0.027). Proximal ACF were more likely to be dysplastic (52%) compared with distal ACF (13%; P &lt; 0.0001). Somatic mutations to APC, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, and ERBB2 were detected in 37% of proximal ACF. Hyperplastic ACF were more often MSI-high, but there were no differences in MSI status observed by colonic location. In summary, ACF are identified in the proximal colons of approximately 40% of individuals undergoing chromoendoscopy and more often in patients with synchronous proximal adenomas.
Implications: This study provides the most complete set of data, to date, that ACF represent the earliest step in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence but remain below the detection limit of conventional endoscopy.
Visual Overview: http//mcr.accrjournals.org/content/molcanres/16/3/486/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 486–95. ©2017 AACR.
Increased Aortic Diameters on Multidetector Computed Tomographic Scan Are Independent Predictors of Incident Adverse Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Qazi Saadia , Massaro Joseph M. , Chuang Michael L. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Hoffmann Udo , O’Donnell Christopher J. 
Published: December 2017

Background—
Adverse aortic remodeling, such as dilation, is associated with multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We sought to determine whether measures of enlarged aortic diameters improve prediction of incident adverse CVD events above standard CVD risk factors in a community-dwelling cohort.

Methods and Results—
Participants from the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation Cohorts (n=3318; aged 48.9±10.3 years), who underwent noncontrast thoracic and abdominal multidetector computed tomography during 2002 to 2005, had complete risk factor profiles, and were free of clinical CVD, were included in this study. Diameters were measured at 4 anatomically defined locations: the ascending thoracic aorta, descending thoracic aorta, the infrarenal abdominal aorta, and lower abdominal aorta. Adverse events comprised CVD death, myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, index admission for heart failure, and stroke. Each aortic segment was dichotomized as enlarged (diameter ≥upper 90th percentile for age, sex, and body surface area) or not enlarged; the hazard of an adverse event for an enlarged segment was determined using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Over a mean 8.8±2.0 years of follow-up, there were 177 incident adverse CVD events. In models adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, enlarged infrarenal abdominal aorta (hazard ratio=1.57; 95% confidence interval=1.06 to 2.32) and lower abdominal aorta (hazard ratio=1.53; 95% confidence interval=1.00 to 2.34) were associated with an increased hazard of CVD events. Enlarged ascending thoracic aorta and descending thoracic aorta were not significantly associated with CVD events.

Conclusions—
Among community-dwelling adults initially free of clinical CVD, enlarged infrarenal abdominal aorta and lower abdominal aorta, on noncontrast multidetector computed tomography scans, are independent predictors of incident adverse CVD events above traditional risk factors alone.
The qdesha in Hosea 4:14: Putting the (Myth of the) Sacred Prostitute to Bed
Authors: DeGrado Jessie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite a lack of evidence for the practice of sacred prostitution in the ancient Middle East, scholars have continued to understand the wordqdešɔin Hosea 4:14 to denote a female officiant who performed sexual acts in a cultic setting. This article argues that the understanding of theqdešɔas a cultic prostitute has appealed to interpreters for over two millennia because the Hebrew word has a semantic range that includes both female cultic functionaries and prostitutes. The lexeme denotes a class of women who are employed outside of the patrimonial estate, including priestesses or prostitutes (but never both at the same time). When the prophet indicts the Israelites for sacrificing with qdešot, he deploys a pun that strengthens his metaphor of Israel as a wayward woman.
2 Sam 4:6: A Case of Textual Criticism Interfacing with Hebrew Verb Syntax
Authors: Muraoka Takamitsu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We propose revisiting Wellhausen’s restoration of the Hebrew text of 2 Sam 4:6 on the basis of the Septuagint and revising his Qal סֹקְלָה to Piel מְסַקְלָה out of consideration of the syntagmatic patterns of the verb.
Children and Religion in the Archaeological Record of Ancient Israel
Authors: Garroway Kristine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe current scholarly milieu has placed great interest in the topics of children and family household religion of ancient Israel; however, scholarship exploring the intersection of the two has not yet been undertaken. This article draws attention to children as vital participants in that domestic cult. Using theories of socialization and enculturation, the article explores how ancient Israelite children interact with the religion that surrounded them daily. This child-centered approach examines textual, archaeological, and ethnographical data and concludes that the process of enculturating ancient Israelite children with household religion produced children who were both passive and active participants in the domestic cult. In doing so, the article informs our knowledge of family household religion, while at the same time expanding our understanding of a child’s role within the Israelite household.
Maqlû i.73–121 and Trial Procedure
Authors: Holtz Shalom E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In the Akkadian anti-witchcraft ritual Maqlû, the incantation in i.73–121 exemplifies the theme of conducting adjudicatory proceedings against the witch in the divine courtroom. In particular, the patient’s presentation of the witch in effigy and the demand for judgment accord well with similar features attested in Neo-Babylonian trial records. Study of the incantation in light of these court records reveals the incantation’s attention to the details of legal procedure.
The Dwelling of ˀIlu in Baˁlu and ˀAqhatu
Authors: Richey M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn an arrival formula that recurs throughout the Ugaritic epicsBaˁluandˀAqhatu, the dwelling of the chief god, ˀIlu, is described as encompassing, among other things, a {dd}. Scholars have understood this term in various ways, chiefly as “field,” “mountain,” and “defense.” I argue that the etymological rationales grounding the first two semantic analyses are unsound, and that the case for the third understanding, by far the least commonly adopted, can be strengthened by observing a Sabaic cognate that occurs together with terms for land holdings. On these grounds, I offer the English translation “pasture” as the best approximation of the semantics of Ugaritic {dd}. This situates ˀIlu as a tent-dwelling pastoralist, for which there are suggestive parallels elsewhere in West Semitic texts, including the Hebrew Bible.
Karbala in London: Battle of Expressions of Ashura Ritual Commemorations among Twelver Shia Muslims of South Asian Background
Authors: Dogra Sufyan Abid 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The roots of the struggle for authority among various groups of Twelver Shias of South Asian background living in London revolves around the idea of what is ‘true and authentic’ Shia Islam. The theological and political genealogy of this power struggle can be traced by examining the history of Shia Islam in South Asia. This article provides historical analyses and ethnographic accounts of Shia Islam and how it is practised in London. It investigates the influence of London-based Iranian and Iraqi Shia transnational networks on South Asian Hussainias and those who attend them. While some London-based Shias of South Asian origin conform to the Iran-backed reformist versions of globally standardised ritual commemoration of Ashura, others detest this and search for religious reinterpretations that assert South Asian ways of commemorating the Ashura ritual.
A Minority in the Making: The Shia Muslim Community in Norway
Authors: Bøe Marianne , Flaskerud Ingvild 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this article, we document and discuss transnational links and localising dynamics that are relevant for a young Shia community in the making in Norway. The Shia community is a minority in the Muslim minority population of Norway, and has been an almost neglected field of research. With this article we therefore aim to add knowledge to this field. First we provide an overview of the development of Shiism in Norway, and then we examine what kind of dynamics have come to the fore in ritual practice and in shaping a Norwegian Shia Muslim identity, through institutionalisation, knowledge, production and visibility.
Towards a United Shia Youth Community
Authors: Schlatmann Annemeik 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Twelver Shia Muslims in the Netherlands, a minority within the Muslim minority, are living as an ethnically fragmented community that is organised along ethnic lines.1 In recent years, Shia young adults started to realise that maintaining the Shia tradition in the Netherlands requires uniting on what binds them—Shia belief and the Dutch language. In 2011, on the occasion of Muharram, youth organisations organised the first joint Dutch-language gathering for all Shia youth in the Netherlands. In order to fulfill the widely felt need of youth for knowledge about Shia Islam and its practice in the Dutch context, the structure of this gathering was different from traditional Muharram gatherings. In the absence of a Dutch-speaking religiously trained authority familiar with the everyday Dutch life of Muslim youth, a youth leader fulfilled the role of lecturer. This article focuses on this Muharram gathering.
Singapore and Its Free Trade Agreement with the European Union: Rationality ‘Unbound’?
Authors: Mohan Mahdev 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Querying Poulsen’s view that some States negotiate investment treaties in ‘bounded’ rational ways, this article focuses on how the recently concluded European Union-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (EUSFTA) illustrates the evolution of Singapore’s treaty practice. Singapore has abandoned the ‘old’, and has joined the bandwagon of next-generation FTAs; yet, shrewdly, it is not fully convinced about the ‘new’ either. For example, the EUSFTA does not include a most-favoured nation clause, and does not commit to an appeals mechanism, unlike its Canadian and Vietnamese counterparts. Singapore’s caution appears to be motivated by a pragmatic desire to avoid the pitfalls that these provisions could bring with them, as Investor-State arbitration (ISA) jurisprudence demonstrates, and to study the implications of a recent decision by the EU’s highest court regarding the FTA. Indeed, that shows that the EU itself is now equally wary of the ISA regime removing disputes from the jurisdiction of national courts.
International Investment Law and Practice in the Kingdom of Cambodia: An Evolving ‘Rule Taker’?
Authors: Weeramantry Romesh 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cambodia has undertaken several initiatives to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), which has been growing rapidly in recent years, particularly through participating in Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) investment agreements and free trade agreements (FTAs). This article first outlines Cambodia’s arbitration law and practice, its Law on Investment, the court system, problems relating to corruption, and foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns. It then surveys trends in Cambodia’s comparatively belated signing of investment treaties, and their main contents (including recent treaties with India and Hungary, adopting very different models). The article then discusses the only investment arbitration instituted against Cambodia, which was successfully defended, followed by a comment on the future prospects for Cambodia’s investment treaty program.
International Investment Arbitration in Laos: Large Issues for a Small State
Authors: Weeramantry Romesh , Mohan Mahdev 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Laos is no stranger to international investment arbitration. Despite its status as one of Southeast Asia’s least developed countries, it has had an Investment Law for more than two decades and is also a party to several bilateral and Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)-related investment agreements. More recently, two investment treaty claims have been made against it, one of which has given rise to an award challenge that went all the way to Singapore’s highest court. This article will examine the history, evolution and current iteration of Laos’ relationship with international investment law and focus on the two investment treaty claims instituted against Laos. The article concludes with an appraisal of Laos’ need to maintain its investment treaty programme, despite the difficulties that may have arisen as a result of it being a respondent in investment treaty arbitrations.
Foreign Direct Investment in the Philippines and the Pitfalls of Economic Nationalism
Authors: Reyes Anselmo 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Recent trends in Philippine growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) reveal only modest achievements, when compared with other ASEAN countries, and little impact on income inequality. These outcomes are attributed to the policy of economic nationalism in the Philippines’ constitutional and legislative framework for FDI, whereby government reserves ‘strategic’ fields to Filipinos, while foreigners face hurdles in making investments. The account doubts whether foreign nationals can safeguard investments by recourse to Philippine BITs as those reinforce economic nationalism by requiring FDI to comply with Philippine law. Poulsen’s observation that developing countries entered into bilateral investment treaties (BITs) oblivious of the risks does not seem applicable to the Philippines, which has deftly used BITs to advance economic nationalism. Litigation before domestic courts is not an alternative for protecting investor rights, but international commercial arbitration may become so in due course. The account concludes with proposals for future policy.
Shifts in Maximum Audiovisual Integration with Age
Authors: Jansen Samantha D. , Keebler Joseph R. , Chaparro Alex 
Published: December 2017

Listeners attempting to understand speech in noisy environments rely on visual and auditory processes, typically referred to as audiovisual processing. Noise corrupts the auditory speech signal and listeners naturally leverage visual cues from the talker’s face in an attempt to interpret the degraded auditory signal. Studies of speech intelligibility in noise show that the maximum improvement in speech recognition performance (i.e., maximum visual enhancement or VEmax), derived from seeing an interlocutor’s face, is invariant with age. Several studies have reported that VEmaxis typically associated with a signal-to-noise (SNR) of −12 dB; however, few studies have systematically investigated whether the SNR associated with VEmaxchanges with age. We investigated if VEmaxchanges as a function of age, whether the SNR at VEmaxchanges as a function of age, and what perceptual/cognitive abilities account for or mediate such relationships. We measured VEmaxon a nongeriatric adult sample () ranging in age from 20 to 59 years old. We found that VEmaxwas age-invariant, replicating earlier studies. No perceptual/cognitive measures predicted VEmax, most likely due to limited variance in VEmaxscores. Importantly, we found that the SNR at VEmaxshifts toward higher (quieter) SNR levels with increasing age; however, this relationship is partially mediated by working memory capacity, where those with larger working memory capacities (WMCs) can identify speech under lower (louder) SNR levels than their age equivalents with smaller WMCs. The current study is the first to report that individual differences in WMC partially mediate the age-related shift in SNR at VEmax.
Aging Impairs Audiovisual Facilitation of Object Motion Within Self-Motion
Authors: Roudaia Eugenie , Calabro Finnegan J. , Vaina Lucia M. , Newell Fiona N. 
Published: December 2017

The presence of a moving sound has been shown to facilitate the detection of an independently moving visual target embedded among an array of identical moving objects simulating forward self-motion (Calabro et al., Proc. R. Soc. B, 2011). Given that the perception of object motion within self-motion declines with aging, we investigated whether older adults can also benefit from the presence of a congruent dynamic sound when detecting object motion within self-motion. Visual stimuli consisted of nine identical spheres randomly distributed inside a virtual rectangular prism. For 1 s, all the spheres expanded outward simulating forward observer translation at a constant speed. One of the spheres (the target) had independent motion either approaching or moving away from the observer at three different speeds. In the visual condition, stimuli contained no sound. In the audiovisual condition, the visual stimulus was accompanied by a broadband noise sound co-localized with the target, whose loudness increased or decreased congruent with the target’s direction. Participants reported which of the spheres had independent motion. Younger participants showed higher target detection accuracy in the audiovisual compared to the visual condition at the slowest speed level. Older participants showed overall poorer target detection accuracy than the younger participants, but the presence of the sound had no effect on older participants’ target detection accuracy at either speed level. These results indicate that aging may impair cross-modal integration in some contexts. Potential reasons for the absence of auditory facilitation in older adults are discussed.