bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tarantula Hair Keratoconjunctivitis with Concurrent Fungal Infection in a Rat Terrier
Authors: Reed Zoe , Doering Clinton , Barrett Paul M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
A 9 yr old rat terrier presented with corneal ulceration and conjunctivitis that developed acutely after digging among dry leaves in wooded northern Arizona. Ophthalmic examination revealed multiple linear foreign bodies throughout the adnexal tissue and cornea of the left eye. Manual removal of material was unsuccessful. The palpebral conjunctiva required excision with tenotomy scissors to remove structures and allow corneal healing. Microscopic examination revealed structures believed to be setae from a Theraphosidae tarantula. This was confirmed morphologically by an entomologist and by comparison with hairs from a captive spider of the suspected species. The excised tissue also contained fruiting bodies, hyphae, and microconidia consistent with Aspergillus spp. The captive spider hairs also cultured positive for Aspergillus, suggesting a relationship between this fungus and tarantulas in captivity and in their native habitat. This is the first report in the veterinary literature to confirm tarantula hair as the causative agent in keratoconjunctivitis and corneal ulceration, adding it to the list of differential diagnoses for ocular foreign body. This is also the first report to suggest a relationship between Aspergillus and tarantulas of the Theraphosidae family, which should be considered in the diagnostics and treatment of patients with suspected tarantula hair keratoconjunctivitis.
An Analysis of the Security Council Procedures in Managing Severe Violations of the International Human Rights
Authors: Doulah Abdolsamad , Shafee Mirshahbiz 
Published: September 2016

The UN Security Council is primarily in charge of maintaining international peace and security. There has been raised various debates on how the Security Council manage international crises in the world, particularly severe violations of international human rights law. On the one hand, the traditional view to international peace has altered and the Security Council is also in charge of observing the standards of the international human rights. On the other hand, the international community has faced inconsistencies in the use of the veto by its permanent members on the international human rights violations. However, many analysts believe that the Security Council could take timely action to prevent violations of international human rights law. At that time, they fell into the trap of politics and proved insufficient. This article is in response to this important issue, indicating that the management of the Security Council has been fair in the case of international human rights violations. This study also aims to investigate whether the Security Council has been successful in adopting a procedure independent from the interests of its permanent members.
Chemical and Biochemical Sensors, 2. Applications
Authors: Barsan Nicolae , Gauglitz Günter , Oprea Alexandru , Ostertag Edwin , Proll Günther , Rebner Karsten , Schierbaum Klaus , Schleifenbaum Frank , Weimar Udo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Chemical Sensors2.1.Gas Sensors2.1.1.Humidity Sensors2.1.1.1.General Considerations2.1.1.2.Humidity Sensors Types2.1.1.3.Humidity Sensors in Applications2.1.2.Semiconducting Metal Oxides2.1.2.1.History and Current Status2.1.2.2.Operation Principle and Materials2.1.2.3.Fabrication Technology2.1.2.4.Electronic Circuitries for Signal Generation2.1.2.5.Sensor Properties and Specifications2.1.2.6.Fields of Application2.1.2.7.Future Trends2.2.Electronic Noses and Tongues2.2.1.Applications2.2.2.Issues of Concern2.2.3.Outlook3.Biochemical Sensors3.1.Assays3.1.1.Assay Types and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA)3.1.2.Marker–Label Free4.Gas Sensors4.1.Fields of Application4.1.1.Indoor Air Quality Control4.1.2.Indoor Gas Sensors for Toxic and Explosive Gases4.1.3.Breath Gas Analysis4.1.4.Automotive4.2.Process Control4.2.1.Industrial Process Sensors4.2.1.1.Process Analytical Technology4.2.1.2.Sensor Market4.2.1.3.Sensors for Plant Safety4.2.1.4.Requirements for Industrial Process Sensors4.2.2.Sensor Integration in Process Environment4.2.2.1.Sampling Systems4.2.2.2.Sensor Communication4.2.2.3.Feedback and Feedforward Control Loops4.2.3.Application: Process Control in the Production of Renewable Energy4.2.3.1.Biogas4.2.3.2.Process Analytics during Fermentation and Purification4.2.3.3.Process Analytics of Downstream Processes4.2.3.4.Monitoring Quality Parameters and Perspectives4.3.Point of Care Diagnostics4.3.1.Introduction to Special Requirements4.3.2.Areas of Application4.3.2.1.Ambulance and Home Care4.3.2.2.Personalized Medicine4.3.2.3.Infections4.3.2.4.POCT and Telemedicine4.3.3.Devices4.3.3.1.Lateral Flow4.3.3.2.Benchtop4.3.3.3.Lab‐on‐Chip Platforms4.3.4.Trends and Perspectives4.4.Environmental and Food Analytics4.4.1.Introduction4.4.1.1.Water Analysis4.4.1.2.Food4.4.2.Trends and Perspectives4.5.Sensors with Multiplexing Approaches: Microplates and Microarrays4.6.Further Applications4.6.1.Special Fluorescence Sensor Applications4.6.1.1.Blood Monitoring4.6.1.2.Pressure Sensitive Paints4.6.2.Mass Sensitive Sensors4.6.2.1.Gas Phase4.6.2.2.Liquid Phase4.6.2.3.Biosensors
Survey of whistler mode chorus intensity at Jupiter
Authors: Menietti J. D. , Groene J. B. , Averkamp T. F. , Horne R. B. , Woodfield E. E. , Shprits Y. Y. , de Soria‐Santacruz Pich M. , Gurnett D. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhistler mode chorus emission is important in the acceleration of electrons and filling of the radiation belts at Jupiter. In this work chorus magnetic intensity levels (frequency‐integrated spectral density, PB) at Jupiter are comprehensively binned and parameterized. The frequency range of chorus under study extends from the lower hybrid frequency, flh, to fceq/2 and fceq/2 < f < 0.8 fceq, where fceq is the cyclotron frequency mapped to the magnetic equator. The goal is to obtain a quantized distribution of magnetic intensity for use in stochastic modeling efforts. Parametric fits of magnetic plasma wave intensity are obtained, including PB versus frequency, latitude, and L shell. The results indicate that Jupiter chorus occurrence probability and intensity are higher than those at Saturn, reaching values observed at Earth. Jovian chorus is observed over most local times, confined primarily to the range 8 < L < 15, outside the high densities of the Io torus. The largest intensity levels are seen on the dayside; however, the sampling of chorus on the nightside is much less than on the dayside. Peak intensities occur near the equator with a weak dependence on magnetic latitude, λ. We conclude that Jovian chorus average intensity levels are approximately an order of magnitude lower than those at Earth. In more isolated regions the intensities are comparable to those observed at Earth. The spatial range of the chorus emissions extends beyond that assumed in previous Jovian global diffusive models of wave‐particle electron acceleration.
Strong current sheet at a magnetosheath jet: Kinetic structure and electron acceleration
Authors: Eriksson E. , Vaivads A. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Yordanova E. , Hietala H. , André M. , Avanov L. A. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. L. , Lavraud B. , Paterson W. R. , Pollock C. J. , Saito Y. , Magnes W. , Russell C. , Torbert R. , Ergun R. , Lindqvist P‐A. , Burch J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLocalized kinetic‐scale regions of strong current are believed to play an important role in plasma thermalization and particle acceleration in turbulent plasmas. We present a detailed study of a strong localized current, 4900 nA m−2, located at a fast plasma jet observed in the magnetosheath downstream of a quasi‐parallel shock. The thickness of the current region is ∼3 ion inertial lengths and forms at a boundary separating magnetosheath‐like and solar wind‐like plasmas. On ion scales the current region has the shape of a sheet with a significant average normal magnetic field component but shows strong variations on smaller scales. The dynamic pressure within the magnetosheath jet is over 3 times the solar wind dynamic pressure. We suggest that the current sheet is forming due to high velocity shears associated with the jet. Inside the current sheet we observe local electron acceleration, producing electron beams, along the magnetic field. However, there is no clear sign of ongoing reconnection. At higher energies, above the beam energy, we observe a loss cone consistent with part of the hot magnetosheath‐like electrons escaping into the colder solar wind‐like plasma. This suggests that the acceleration process within the current sheet is similar to the one that occurs at shocks, where electron beams and loss cones are also observed. Therefore, electron beams observed in the magnetosheath do not have to originate from the bow shock but can also be generated locally inside the magnetosheath.
Are global mangrove carbon stocks driven by rainfall?
Authors: Sanders Christian J. , Maher Damien T. , Tait Douglas R. , Williams Darren , Holloway Ceylena , Sippo James Z. , Santos Isaac R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMangrove forests produce significant amounts of organic carbon and maintain large carbon stocks in tidally inundated, anoxic soils. This work analyzes new and published data from 17 regions spanning a latitudinal gradient from 22°N to 38°S to assess some of the global drivers (temperature, tidal range, latitude, and rainfall) of mangrove carbon stocks. Mangrove forests from the tropics have larger carbon stocks (895 ± 90 t C ha−1) than the subtropics and temperate regions (547 ± 66 t C ha−1). A multiple regression model showed that 86% of the observed variability is associated with annual rainfall, which is the best predictor of mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks. Therefore, a predicted increase in rainfall along the tropical Indo‐Pacific may increase mangrove forest carbon stocks. However, there are other potentially important factors that may regulate organic matter diagenesis, such as nutrient availability and pore water salinity. Our predictive model shows that if mangrove deforestation is halted, global mangrove forest carbon stocks could increase by almost 10% by 2115 as a result of increased rainfall in the tropics.
New insights into the Cenozoic lateral extrusion of crustal blocks on the southeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from paleomagnetic results from Paleogene sedimentary strata of the Baoshan Terrane
Authors: Tong Yabo , Yang Zhenyu , Jing Xianqing , Zhao Yue , Li Chenhao , Huang Dianjun , Zhang Xudong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn order to characterize the lateral extrusion of crustal material during the Cenozoic, we conducted a paleomagnetic study of the Eocene‐Oligocene Zhushan Formation and Paleocene Muguahe Formation in the central part of the Baoshan Terrane (BST), on the southeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau. A primary magnetic component and a remagentized component with the Miocene acquisition age were isolated from the Muguahe Formation and Zhushan Formation, respectively. These data indicate that the BST did not commence clockwise rotation in the period of the Paleocene and the Oligocene and that the BST experienced ~80° clockwise rotation relative to East Asia, since the Miocene. Combining with the documented history of crustal boundary strike‐slip faults on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau shows that the BST and Tengchong Terrane (TCT) first underwent latitudinal crustal shortening in the Oligocene, and the eastward extension was the main type of motion of the crustal material during this period, which induced the initial strike‐slip movement of their boundary faults. Since the Miocene, the main form of crustal motion of BST, TCT, and Simao Terrane was gradually transformed into clockwise rotation, which possibly indicates that the fold and thrusting fault system‐induced crustal shortening and thickening in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau have reached extremity, and the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau has already been uplifted to the similar elevation with today's elevation in the Miocene.
A General and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Pyridones, 2‐Quinolinones, and 1‐Isoquinolinones from Azine N‐Oxides
Authors: Wang Dong , Zhao Junjie , Wang Yuxi , Hu Jianyong , Li Linna , Miao Longfei , Feng Hairong , Désaubry Laurent , Yu Peng 
Published: September 2016

Abstract2‐Pyridones, 2‐quinolinones, and 1‐isoquinolinones are critical building blocks in medicinal chemistry. These N‐heterocycles, however, remain a challenge to synthesize by current methods. A mild, general, and efficient approach for the synthesis of these hydroxyl N‐heteroarenes was developed by employing bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBroP) as an activating agent and sodium acetate/water as the base/nucleophile combination. The reaction mechanism, especially the dual function of sodium acetate as the base and nucleophile, has been proposed on the basis of results from isotopic labeling experiments.
Nitroxyl‐Radical‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Amides with Silylated Nucleophiles through N‐Halogenation
Authors: Moriyama Katsuhiko , Kuramochi Masako , Fujii Kozo , Morita Tsuyoshi , Togo Hideo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA nitroxyl‐radical‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction between amines with an N‐protecting electron‐withdrawing group (EWG) and silylated nucleophiles was developed to furnish coupling products in high yields, thus opening up new frontiers in organocatalyzed reactions. This reaction proceeded through the activation of N‐halogenated amides by a nitroxyl‐radical catalyst, followed by carbon–carbon coupling with silylated nucleophiles. Studies of the reaction mechanism indicated that the nitroxyl radical activates N‐halogenated amides, which are generated from N‐EWG‐protected amides and a halogenation reagent, to give the corresponding imines.
Linking ecology with social development for tropical aquatic conservation
Authors: Irvine Kenneth , Castello Leandro , Junqueira Andrea , Moulton Timothy 
Published: September 2016

Abstract1. Tropical aquatic ecosystems are species rich, with high numbers of endemics. Increasing pressure from human activities, including demands for food and energy, growing human population, and economic aspirations, highlights the need for a more concerted effort towards aquatic conservation.2. Understanding of tropical aquatic ecosystems has developed largely from a northern temperate perspective that might not be always appropriate. Applying classic models of how water bodies function can hinder effective conservation strategies. This is coupled with very incomplete knowledge of species distributions and their ecology.3. Better understanding of tropical aquatic ecology to guide conservation needs a research agenda that connects more strongly with the social‐ecological realities of tropical ecosystems.4. Although approaches to conservation may be contested, a fundamental challenge to protection of aquatic habitats is a lack of capacity at the individual and institutional level. Without this, the development of improved techniques and approaches for tropical aquatic conservation will fail to reverse current trends of degradation. Research outputs on tropical aquatic ecosystems remain dominated by institutions based outside the tropics.5. Building awareness and practice to conserve the aquatic ecosystems of the tropics can be supported through extending the dialogue across sectors and by connecting tiers of governance. An ecosystem services framework that identifies the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems provides a powerful tool, often linked with estimates of economic value. However, this can neglect important regulating services or distract from more fundamental existence value.6. The preservation of tropical aquatic diversity will only be achieved if recognized as important at all levels, from local to global. Targeted external support can build awareness and capacity, but conserving aquatic ecosystems requires local commitment. Developing community monitoring that provides straightforward information on ecosystem health presents opportunities to connect citizens with the ecosystems that, ultimately, they depend on. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alien species in aquatic environments: a selective comparison of coastal and inland waters in tropical and temperate latitudes
Authors: Tricarico Elena , Junqueira Andrea O. R. , Dudgeon David 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Biological invasions have had severe impacts on ecosystems globally, particularly affecting freshwater habitats. In the aquatic realm, marine environments have received less attention from researchers than their freshwater counterparts, and comparisons of the relative susceptibility of coastal and inland waters to alien species and their consequential impacts are lacking.
The main aim of this review is to assess the ‘knowns and unknowns’ for alien species in aquatic habitats, evaluating the possible differences and similarities in biological invasions between freshwater and marine (coastal) environments. Three study areas with different climates and histories of bioinvasion were selected for comparison: temperate Europe, tropical Asian Hong Kong, and Neotropical Brazil.
Although there were differences in spatial scale and availability of data for the three areas, fresh waters seemed to be more susceptible to invasion ‐ and experienced more impacts ‐ than coastal habitats, at least in Hong Kong and partly in Europe. Despite information about alien species in aquatic environments having increased in recent years, regional inventories remain incomplete, especially in the tropics where rigorous studies of the impacts of invasive species are generally lacking.
More systematic effort is needed to develop up‐to‐date national and regional inventories of invaders, especially in the seas and particularly in the more biodiverse tropics, where the conservation gains from preventing alien invasions could be substantially greater than in other regions. Greater efforts are also required to increase public awareness of the need to prevent the establishment of potentially invasive species.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquatic conservation: reflections on the first 25 years
Authors: Boon Philip J. , Baxter John M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

This special issue marks the 25th anniversary of Aquatic Conservation, and comprises papers written by groups of board members from both marine and freshwater backgrounds on some of the main topics covered by the journal.
Over the last 25 years the number of submissions to the journal has grown and the geographical range of submissions has increased, with papers from almost 100 countries. Data for 2015 show that 42% were from Europe, 15% from North America, 15% from Asia, 12% from South and Central America, 9% from Australia and New Zealand, 5% from Africa, and 2% from elsewhere.
AQC has published 154 issues, including 15 special issues and 10 supplements, and has grown from four issues and 360 pages per year in 1992 to six issues and 1210 pages in 2016. AQC received its first Impact Factor – 0.534 – in 1998, increasing to 2.415 in 2016.
AQC publishes papers on a wide range of subjects, such as the theoretical principles underlying conservation, the status of endangered species and habitats, river basin management and habitat restoration. Areas of recent growth include climate change, the impact of invasive alien species on native species and habitats, ecosystem services and conservation genetics.
Submissions to the journal suggest that marine conservation is a more clearly defined area of study than freshwater conservation. Factors that may be responsible include site designations exclusively for marine areas, the formation of groups and societies dedicated to conserving marine habitats and species, and the presence of large ‘iconic species’ (e.g. whales, sharks, dolphins) that are far more common in marine than freshwater habitats.
The aim of this journal is to continue publishing high‐quality work from all parts of the world, and to encourage scientists to recognize and promote the application of their research to practical conservation and management.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emerging frontiers in perceptions research for aquatic conservation
Authors: Gelcich Stefan , O'Keeffe Jay 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems support the livelihoods and food security of millions of people globally, yet face critical challenges from local threats and global pressures.
This paper describes how emerging research on perceptions can illuminate potential solutions for aquatic conservation, and seeks to stimulate thinking on how perceptions research can inform sustainable use in aquatic systems.
An overview of three emerging research frontiers in perceptions research is presented: (i) perceptions research to assess conservation initiatives and policy; (ii) perceptions research to inform the design of conservation initiatives; (iii) perceptions of the general public and support for aquatic conservation.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting NFB: Ceramic technology in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea at 3200 calBP
Authors: HUFF JENNIFER 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper adds to the emerging body of evidence for 3000‐year‐old pottery in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Through detailed review of the archives of the original excavation, it becomes clear that the earliest pottery at the NFB site in the Eastern Highlands dates to 3133–3379 calBP (UW 261), thereby necessitating revision of current models for the geographical and chronological distribution of ceramic technology. These finds are approximately the same age as the earliest ceramics thus far known from the Central Highlands, demonstrating that early pottery was present across the northern flank of the highlands along the Ramu River watershed.
Water‐dispersible Hollow Microporous Organic Network Spheres as Substrate for Electroless Deposition of Ultrafine Pd Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Activity and Recyclability
Authors: Wang Zhifang , Chang Jing , Hu Yuchen , Yu Yifu , Guo Yamei , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicroporous organic networks (MONs) have been considered as an ideal substrate to stabilize active metal nanoparticles. However, the development of highly water‐dispersible hollow MONs nanostructures which can serve as both the reducing agent and stabilizer is highly desirable but still challenging. Here we report a template‐assisted method to synthesize hollow microporous organic network (H‐MON) spheres using silica spheres as hard template and 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene as the building blocks through a Glaser coupling reaction. The obtained water‐dispersible H‐MON spheres bearing sp‐ and sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms possess a highly conjugated electronic structure and show low reduction potential; thus, they can serve as a reducing agent and stabilizer for electroless deposition of highly dispersed Pd clusters to form a Pd/H‐MON spherical hollow nanocomposite. Benefitting from their high porosity, large surface area, and excellent solution dispersibility, the as‐prepared Pd/H‐MON hollow nanocomposite exhibits a high catalytic performance and recyclability toward the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol.