bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sonographers in China: results from a national web-based survey
Authors: Zhang Danying , Huang Hanlin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of present study were to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among sonographers in China and to provide evidence for appropriate intervention measures to be taken.

Methods
A self-reported questionnaire was used to screen WRMSDs experienced by sonographers during the past 12 months. This questionnaire survey was created and hosted on the WeChat official account platform for sonographers.

Results
In the present study, 567 sonographers from 521 medical institutions completed the questionnaire. The vast majority (99.3%) of respondents reported experiencing symptoms of WRMSDs for at least one body region during the past 12 months. Work-related musculoskeletal pain or discomfort was most frequently reported for the neck (95.1%), right shoulder (84.1%), lower back (82.4%), right wrist/hand (81.0%), upper back (78.1%), right forearm/elbow (72.0%), and left shoulder (66.1%). Scanning hours per day, number of patients per day, and years of experience were positively associated with the occurrence and frequency of experiencing WRMSDs of some common and specific anatomical regions. Taking a regular rest break during the scanning working day was associated with a reduction of WRMSDs of the right shoulder and right wrist/hand. Adopting a sitting posture while performing scanning was associated with a reduction of WRMSDs, particularly for the lower back and the neck. Performing regular physical activity during leisure time was associated with a reduction of WRMSDs of the neck.

Conclusions
The prevalence of WRMSDs among sonographers in China was extremely high. It is necessary and essential to reduce the number of scanning hours and patients per day, adopt a sitting posture while performing scanning, schedule regular rest breaks during the scanning working day, and encourage performance of regular physical activity during leisure time to alleviate this WRMSD issue experienced by sonographers.
KAJIAN NUMERIK KORELASI PERPINDAHAN PANAS KONVEKSI ALAMIAH ALIRAN NANOFLUIDA ZrO2-AIR PADA ANULUS VERTIKAL
Authors: Nazar Reinaldy 
Published: September 2017

KAJIAN NUMERIK KORELASI PERPINDAHAN PANAS KONVEKSI ALAMIAH ALIRAN NANOFLUIDA ZrO2-AIR PADA ANULUS VERTIKAL. Salah satu aspek penting dalam keselamatan reaktor nuklir adalah kemampuan fluida pendingin dalam mengambil panas dari sumber panas. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut telah berkembang banyak pemikiran untuk menggunakan nanofluida sebagai fluida pendingin alternatif menggantikan fluida air guna memaksimalkan pengambilan panas dari sumber panas di dalam teras reaktor. Hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan nanofluida pada sistem pendingin reaktor nuklir dapat meningkatkan batas CHF (critical heat flux). Selain itu mengurangi penyerapan neutron, dan meningkatkan konduktivitas panas air pendingin. Belum banyak dilakukan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan karakteristik perpindahan panas nanofluida di dalam reaktor untuk menunjang analisis termohidrolik reaktor berpendingin nanofluida. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, pada penelitian ini dilakukan kajian numerik korelasi perpindahan panas aliran nanofluida ZrO2-air pada model berkas bahan bakar reaktor melalui pendekatan aliran fluida pada anulus vertikal, menggunakan metode Computational of Fluid Dynamic (CFD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan nanofluida ZrO2-air dengan konsentrasi 1% meningkatkan nilai bilangan Nusselt (NU) sekitar 8 - 15% dibandingkan menggunakan fluida dasar (air), dan diperoleh persamaan empirik korelasi perpindahan panas konveksi alamiah aliran nanofluida ZrO2-air pada pipa anulus vertikal sebagai dan .
A study on prostaglandin E1 therapy in critical limb ischaemia patients to evaluate the improvement in vascularity
Authors: Kurien John S. , E. U. Sansho , Varghese Sandeep , Jose Toney 
Published: September 2017

Background: Diffuse peripheral arterial disease or peripheral occlusive vascular disease (POVD) involving the lower limb is a debilitating illness with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the improvement of ulcer healing and improvement of the level of amputation in patients with diffuse peripheral arterial disease after administration of prostaglandin E1.Methods: From June 2013 to November 2014, a total of 45 patients having critical limb ischaemia (Fontaine’s grade III and IV) not suitable for angioplasty and stenting or bypass procedures received different courses of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). 20 patients (44.44%) received 6 full courses of PGE1, 3 patients (6.66%) received 5 courses, 5 patients (11.11%) received 4 courses, 4 patients (8.8%) received 3 courses, 4 patients (8.8%) received 2 courses and 9 patients (20%) received one course. PGE1 was administered through intravenous infusion (Alprastodil 100mcg) over 10 hours a day for 5 days in one month (1course). They were followed up for 3 years till June 2017.The improvement in level of amputation, ulcer healing and complications were assessed.Results: 14 patients (31.1%) did not require amputation of limbs/ toes, 24 patients (53.3%) have the same amputated status while 7 patients (15.6%) required higher amputation. This study justifies the role of PGE1 therapy in improving the peripheral arterial pulsations and thereby augmenting ulcer healing and improving the level of amputation.Conclusions: After diagnosing a patient with advanced CLI where angioplasty and stenting or bypass procedures are not possible, aggressive treatment for the non-healing ulcer, amputation of gangrenous limbs or toes and starting the PGE1 therapy early not only arrest the progression of POVD but even reverses it to some extent.
A study of clinical and etiological profile of infective endocarditis and its correlation with echocardiography in patients of rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Sarkar Achyut , Kumar Prashant , Mukherjee Somnath , Passi Anurag , Singh Jitendra Kumar 
Published: September 2017

Background: This observational study was to determine the offending microorganisms and clinical profile of infective endocarditis in rheumatic heart disease patients in local population of Jharkhand, the response of disease to medical treatment and to evaluate the prognosis of the cases.Methods: 25 cases of Rheumatic heart disease, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis were studied prospectively with baseline investigations, blood culture and echocardiography and were treated with appropriate antibiotics.Results: In this study, the mean age observed was 26 year and male patient to female patient ratio was 3.16:1. Aortic valve was the commonest valve to be involved. Cardiac murmurs were present in all patients, splenomegaly was present in 56% of patients but peripheral signs of infective endocarditis were rare. Blood culture was positive in 28% of cases and staphylococcus aureus was the main organism isolated. 23 cases out of 25 cases studied showed vegetations on echocardiography mostly on aortic or mitral valve. In majority of patients (80%) injection Penicillin G and Gentamicin were started in standard recommended dose first on empirical basis but later on suitable antibiotics were started according to sensitivity pattern. Mortality was significantly high (20%).Conclusions: Fever and constitutional symptoms were the most common presentation. Mild to moderate anemia, leucocytosis, high ESR were very common but, peripheral signs were rarely observed in our study. Staphylococcus was the predominant etiological agent and treatment of endocarditis was more successful when suitable antibiotics were started after culture and sensitivity.
Various outcomes of pinna abscess management in our experience
Authors: K. Santhanakrishnan , Bhat Poornima S. 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pinna perichondritis is a common secondary to trauma due to RTA or high ear piercings. Early intervention with antibiotics can lead to cure without sequelae. Delayed presentation, suboptimal treatment, abscess formation, delays in surgical intervention can cause cartilage loss and cosmetic deformity. This study is conducted to evaluate the various outcomes of surgical intervention of pinna abscess and its predisposing factors in our experience<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective review was conducted to identify the cause, microbiology, management and outcome of the pinna abscess. Over a period of 2 yrs from September 2014 to September 2016, patients presenting with pinna abscess to the department of ENT, SMVMCH, Pondicherry, who underwent incision and drainage at least once were included in this study. 21 patients were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were post auricular abscess, infected pre auricular sinus<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 21 patients, 11 were males and 10 were females. Most common etiology was road traffic accident in 15 patients, followed by high ear piercing 3 patients, and post-surgical in 1 patient.8 patients responded well with initial incision and drainage and IV antibiotics, with no postoperative complications. 2 patients needed second incision and drainage. 11 patients required incision and drainage more than 2 times and change of IV antibiotics<span lang="EN-IN">. </span>Among 21 cases, 10 were culture positive. The commonest pathogen was <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> in 9 cases. <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em> in 1 case. 11 patients developed postoperative complications cauliflower deformity in 4 patients, recurrent abscess in 7 patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is the most common organism responsible for the pinna abscess caused by trauma (RTA), high ear piercings. Complications like cauliflower deformity and recurrent abscess were noted, which can be reduced by early initiation of antibiotics with surgical intervention<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Effects of tannic acid on membrane fouling and membrane cleaning in forward osmosis
Authors: Zhang Wanzhu , Wang Lin , Dong Bingzhi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The fouling behavior during forward osmosis (FO) was investigated. Tannic acid was used as a model organic foulant for natural organic matter analysis since the main characteristics are similar, and calcium ions were added at different concentrations to explore the anti-pollution capability of FO membranes. The initial permeate flux and calcium ions strength were varied in different operating conditions to describe membrane fouling with membrane cleaning methods. The observed flux decline in FO changed dramatically with the type of foulant and the type of draw solution used to provide the osmotic driving force. Calcium ions aggravated membrane fouling and decreased transmembrane flux. Membrane cleaning methods included physical and physicochemical approaches, and there was no obvious difference among the typical cleaning methods (i.e., membrane flushing with different types of cleaning fluids at various crossflow velocities and backwashing with varying osmotic driving forces) with respect to flux recovery. Ultrasonic cleaning damaged the membrane structure and decreased permeate flux, and reverse diffusion of salt from the draw solution to the feed side accelerated after cleaning.
Treatment of oilfield wastewater by combined process of micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation and coagulation
Authors: Zhang Zhenchao 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this study, a combined process was developed that included micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation and coagulation to treat oilfield fracturing wastewater. Micro-electrolysis and Fenton oxidation were applied to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) organic load and to enhance organic components gradability, respectively. Orthogonal experiment were employed to investigate the influence factors of micro-electrolysis and Fenton oxidation on COD removal efficiency. For micro-electrolysis, the optimum conditions were: pH, 3; iron-carbon dosage, 50 mg/L; mass ratio of iron-carbon, 2:3; reaction time, 60 min. For Fenton oxidation, a total reaction time of 90 min, a H2O2 dosage of 12 mg/L, with a H2O2/Fe2+ mole ratio of 30, pH of 3 were selected to achieve optimum oxidation. The optimum conditions in coagulation process: pH, cationic polyacrylamide dosage, mixing speed and time is 4.3, 2 mg/L, 150 rpm and 30 s, respectively. In the continuous treatment process under optimized conditions, the COD of oily wastewater fell 56.95%, 46.23%, 30.67%, respectively, from last stage and the total COD removal efficiency reached 83.94% (from 4,314 to 693 mg/L). In the overall treatment process under optimized conditions, the COD of oily wastewater was reduced from 4,314 to 637 mg/L, and the COD removal efficiency reached 85.23%. The contribution of each stage is 68.45% (micro-electrolysis), 24.07% (Fenton oxidation), 7.48% (coagulation), respectively. Micro-electrolysis is the uppermost influencing process on COD removal. Compared with the COD removal efficiency of three processes on raw wastewater under optimized conditions: the COD removal efficiency of single micro-electrolysis, single Fenton oxidation, single coagulation is 58.34%, 44.88% and 39.72%, respectively. Experiments proved the effect of combined process is marvelous and the overall water quality of the final effluent could meet the class III national wastewater discharge standard of petrochemical industry of China (GB8978-1996).
Good servant, bad master: sulfide influence on partial nitritation of sewage
Authors: Kouba V. , Proksova E. , Wiesinger H. , Vejmelkova D. , Bartacek J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
When applying partial nitritation (PN) to anaerobically pre-treated sewage, ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) will be exposed to dissolved sulfide and methane. Both sulfide and methane may inhibit nitrification. To gain knowledge necessary for sustaining PN under these conditions, we exposed an AOB enrichment and a mixed nitrifying culture to dissolved sulfide and methane. In the mixed nitrifying culture, sulfide selectively inhibited NOB activity (KI,AOB1 = 150 mg-S L−1, KI,NOB = 10 mg-S L–1) which shows that sulfide may help establish PN. The AOB enrichment showed similar KI,AOB2 (130 mg-S L–1), but nitritation activity lagged longer than the time necessary to remove sulfide from the liquid. This demonstrates that feeding of sulfide into established PN should be avoided. Methane inhibition of AOB enrichment was assessed in batch assays with 10 mg-CH4 L−1. As compared to control without methane, AOB enrichment activity was identical. Up to 51% of methane was converted to methanol, thus reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.
Molar Uprighting: A Considerable and Safe Decision to Avoid Prosthetic Treatment
Authors: Raveli Taísa Boamorte , Raveli Dirceu Barnabé , Mathias Almeida Kelei Cristina de , Pinto Ary dos Santos 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Tipped lower molar over edentulous space is very common in orthodontics practice when adults seek treatment. The segmented arch technique features a predictable force system that provides a controlled release of force that can produce light and continuous tooth movement.

Case Description:
A female adult patient, who lost a permanent lower first molar, needed correction of the position of her permanent first molar place. Instead of making space for rehabilitation, it was closed after second molar uprighting and a balanced interdigitation was created without prosthetics. The patient was successfully treated with segmented arch technique using root correction spring activated with geometry VI to promote uprighting of a tipped molar and Niti spring coil to promote space closure.

Practical Implications:
Segmented arch technique is known to provide predictable light and continuous forces, which is very much indicated in adult treatment. There are several things to consider when orthodontically treating adult patients. Their periodontal conditions might not be ideal, less bone apposition may occur, and side effects of orthodontic tooth movement are expected. Thus, a predictable and controlled orthodontic treatment is needed.
Evaluation and Management of Failed Shoulder Instability Surgery
Authors: Cartucho António , Moura Nuno , Sarmento Marco 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Failed shoulder instability surgery is mostly considered to be the recurrence of shoulder dislocation but subluxation, painful or non-reliable shoulder are also reasons for patient dissatisfaction and should be considered in the notion.

Methods:
The authors performed a revision of the literature and online contents on evaluation and management of failed shoulder instability surgery.

Results:
When we look at the reasons for failure of shoulder instability surgery we point the finger at poor patient selection, technical error and an additional traumatic event. More than 80% of surgical failures, for shoulder instability, are associated with bone loss. Quantification of glenoid bone loss and investigation of an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion are determining facts. Adequate imaging studies are determinant to assess labrum and capsular lesions and to rule out associated pathology as rotator cuff tears. CT-scan is the method of choice to diagnose and quantify bone loss. Arthroscopic soft tissue procedures are indicated in patients with minimal bone loss and no contact sports. Open soft tissue procedures should be performed in patients with small bone defects, with hiperlaxity and practicing contact sports. Soft tissue techniques, as postero-inferior capsular plication and remplissage, may be used in patients with less than 25% of glenoid bone loss and Hill-Sachs lesions. Bone block procedures should be used for glenoid larger bone defects in the presence of an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion or in the presence of poor soft tissue quality. A tricortical iliac crest graft may be used as a primary procedure or as a salvage procedure after failure of a Bristow or a Latarjet procedure. Less frequently, the surgeon has to address the Hill-Sachs lesion. When a 30% loss of humeral head circumference is present a filling graft should be used.

Conclusion:
Reasons for failure are multifactorial. In order to address this entity, surgeons must correctly identify the causes and tailor the right solution.
Natural History of Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Carpinteiro Eduardo Palma , Barros Andre Aires 
Published: September 2017

Background:The shoulder is the most complex joint in the body. The large freedom of motion in this joint is the main cause of instability. Instability varies in its degree, direction, etiology and volition and there is a large spectrum of conditions.Methods:Based on literature research and also in our own experience, we propose to elucidate the reader about the natural history of instability and its importance for the appropriate management of this pathology, by answering the following questions:What happens in the shoulder after the first dislocation? Which structures suffer damage? Who are the patients at higher risk of recurrence? How does the disease evolve without treatment? Will surgical treatment avoid future negative outcomes and prevent degenerative joint disease? Who should we treat and when?Results:80% of anterior-inferior dislocations occur in young patients. Recurrent instability is common and multiple dislocations are the rule. Instability is influenced by a large number of variables, including age of onset, activity profile, number of episodes,delay between first episode and surgical treatment.Conclusion:Understanding the disease and its natural evolution is determinant to decide the treatment in order to obtain the best outcome. It is crucial to identify the risk factors for recurrence. Delay in surgical treatment, when indicated, leads to worse results. Surgical technique should address the type and severity of both soft tissue and bone lesions, when present.
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Unstable Shoulder
Authors: Cuéllar Ricardo , Ruiz-Ibán Miguel Angel , Cuéllar Adrián 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:To review the anatomy of the shoulder joint and of the physiology of glenohumeral stability is essential to manage correctly shoulder instability.Methods:It was reviewed a large number of recently published research studies related to the shoulder instability that received a higher Level of Evidence grade.Results:It is reviewed the bony anatomy, the anatomy and function of the ligaments that act on this joint, the physiology and physiopathology of glenohumeral instability and the therapeutic implications of the injured structures.Conclusion:This knowledge allows the surgeon to evaluate the possible causes of instability, to assess which are the structures that must be reconstructed and to decide which surgical technique must be performed.
Volar Dislocation of Second, Third and Fourth Carpometacarpal Joints in Association with a Bennet's Fracture of the Thumb Carpo-Metacarpal Dislocation: A Case Report
Authors: Ardente Pierluigi Di Felice , Biayna Joan Camí , Sarrias Jordi Saus , Muñoz Antoni Nuñez , Coll Guillem Figueras , Vergara Patricio 
Published: September 2017

Injuries of the carpometacarpal joints of the long fingers are infrequent and go often unnoticed if a thorough clinical exploration and complete radiological assessment is not carried out. The overall frequency of carpometacarpal joints injuries is of 1-2% among trauma of the wrist and the carpus. These are normally secondary to high energy trauma (such as a car or a motorbike accidents). Among these kinds of injuries, the volar dislocation of the metacarpals is much less frequent than the dorsal dislocation, being even rarer the cases in which the three middle metacarpals are involved.
In this case report, we present a case of volar dislocation of the middle three carpometacarpal joints in association with a Bennet’s fracture of the thumb in a 30-year-old male. He was treated in the operating room with reduction and stabilization using Kirschner wires, which allowed a satisfactory recovery of the mobility of the fingers eight weeks after the intervention. It is important to produce an admission diagnosis of this kind of injuries to be able to treat them immediately. Treatment must be performed quickly to reduce and stabilize the dislocation, since this will avoid the vasculo-nervous compression or the edema which increases cutaneous suffering and the risk of complications.