bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciled estimation of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance and contribution to global sea level change from 1996 to 2021
Authors: Li Rongxing , Li Guojun , Hai Gang , Xie Huan , Cheng Yuan , Chen Wei , Cui Xiangbin , Ding Minghu , Gao Chunchun , Hao Tong , Ke Changqing , Li Chuanjin , Li Jin , Liu Yan , Ran Jiangjun , Ren Jiawen , Shen Qiang , Shen Yunzhong , Shi Hongling , Wang Songyun , Wang Zemin , Zhan Jingang , Zhang Baojun , Zhong Min , Zhou Chunxia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) has been losing ice mass and contributing to global sea level rise (GSLR). Given its mass that is enough to cause ∼58 m of GSLR, accurate estimation of mass balance trend is critical for AIS mass loss monitoring and sea level rise forecasting. Here, we present an improved approach to reconciled solutions of mass balance in AIS and its regions from multiple contributing solutions using the input-out, altimetric, and gravimetric methods. In comparison to previous methods, such as IMBIE 2018, this approach utilizes an adaptive data aggregation window to handle the heterogeneity of the contributing solutions, including the number of solutions, temporal distributions, uncertainties, and estimation techniques. We improved the regression-based method by using a two-step procedure that establishes ensembled solutions within each method (input-output, altimetry, or gravimetry) and then estimates the method-independent reconciled solutions. For the first time, 16 contributing solutions from 8 Chinese institutions are used to estimate the reconciled mass balance of AIS and its regions from 1996 to 2021. Our results show that AIS has lost a total ice mass of ∼3213±253 Gt during the period, an equivalent of ∼8.9±0.7 mm of GSLR. There is a sustained mass loss acceleration since 2006, from 88.1±3.6 Gt yr−1 during 1996–2005 to 130.7±8.4 Gt yr−1 during 2006–2013 and further to 157.0±9.0 Gt yr−1 during 2014–2021. The mass loss signal in the West Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula is dominant and clearly presented in the reconciled estimation and contributing solutions, regardless of estimation methods used and fluctuation of surface mass balance. Uncertainty and challenges remain in mass balance estimation in East Antarctica. This reconciled estimation approach can be extended and applied for improved mass balance estimation in the Greenland Ice Sheet and mountain glacier regions.
Arc-smooth functions and cuspidality of sets
Authors: Rainer Armin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA function f is arc-smooth if the composite f ◦ c with every smooth curve c in its domain of definition is smooth. On open sets in smooth manifolds the arc-smooth functions are precisely the smooth functions by a classical theorem of Boman. Recently, we extended this result to certain tame closed sets (namely, Hölder sets and simple fat subanalytic sets). In this paper we link, in a precise way, the cuspidality of the (boundary of the) set to the loss of regularity, i.e., how many derivatives of f ◦ c are needed in order to determine the derivatives of f. We also discuss how flatness of f ◦ c affects flatness of f. Besides Hölder sets and subanalytic sets we treat sets that are definable in certain polynomially bounded o-minimal expansions of the real field.
Point evaluation in Paley–Wiener spaces
Authors: Brevig Ole Fredrik , Chirre Andrés , Ortega-Cerdà Joaquim , Seip Kristian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the norm of point evaluation at the origin in the Paley–Wiener space PWp for 0 < p < ∞, i.e., we search for the smallest positive constant C, called $${\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$

C

p

, such that the inequality $$\vert f(0)\vert ^{p}\leq C \Vert f\Vert _{p}^{p}$$
|
f
(
0
)

|

p

≤
C
∥
f

∥

p

p

holds for every f in PWp. We present evidence and prove several results supporting the following monotonicity conjecture: The function $$p \mapsto {\mathscr{C}}_{p}/p$$
p
↦

C

p

/

p
is strictly decreasing on the half-line (0, ∞). Our main result implies that $${\mathscr{C}}_{p} < p/2$$

C

p

<
p

/

2
for 2 < p < ∞, and we verify numerically that $${\mathscr{C}}_{p} > p/2$$

C

p

>
p

/

2
for 1 ≤ p < 2. We also estimate the asymptotic behavior of $${\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$

C

p

as p → ∞ and as p → 0+. Our approach is based on expressing $${\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$

C

p

as the solution of an extremal problem. Extremal functions exist for all 0 < p < ∞; they are real entire functions with only real zeros, and the extremal functions are known to be unique for 1 ≤ p < ∞. Following work of Hörmander and Bernhardsson, we rely on certain orthogonality relations associated with the zeros of extremal functions, along with certain integral formulas representing respectively extremal functions and general functions at the origin. We also use precise numerical estimates for the largest eigenvalue of the Landau–Pollak–Slepian operator of time-frequency concentration. A number of qualitative and quantitative results on the distribution of the zeros of extremal functions are established. In the range 1 < p < ∞, the orthogonality relations associated with the zeros of the extremal function are linked to a de Branges space. We state a number of conjectures and further open problems pertaining to $${\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$

C

p

and the extremal functions.
A priori estimates and Liouville type results for quasilinear elliptic equations involving gradient terms
Authors: Filippucci Roberta , Sun Yuhua , Zheng Yadong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article we study local and global properties of positive solutions of − Δmu = ∣u∣p−1u+M∣∇u∣q in a domain Ω of ℝN, with m > 1, p, q > 0 and M ∈ ℝ. Following some ideas used in [7, 8], and by using a direct Bernstein method combined with Keller–Osserman’s estimate, we obtain several a priori estimates as well as Liouville type theorems. Moreover, we prove a local Harnack inequality with the help of Serrin’s classical results.
A scoping review about the portrayal of mental illness in commercial video games
Authors: Mittmann Gloria , Steiner-Hofbauer Verena , Dorczok Marie C. , Schrank Beate 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent research is sparse on the relatively new but highly relevant topic of mental disorders in video games. This scoping review aimed to map the existing research on portrayal of mental illness in video games. PubMed, PsychInfo, PsycArticles, Medline, Scopus and the ACM Digital Library were searched, resulting in the final inclusion of seven records. Prevalences for the representation of mental illness ranged from 12 to 24%. Findings indicate that video games’ portrayal of mental illness is predominantly stigmatizing and negatively connoted. Mental illness frequently serves as a reason for violent behavior and is portrayed in line with paranormal experiences. Yet, some games portray mental illness in a more neutral way, using game mechanics to elicit empathy. While this review emphasizes the need for non-stigmatizing depiction, potentially through the inclusion of experts in the development process, future research should examine how much consumers are affected by the negative or positive portrayal of mental illnesses in video games.
Osteoporosis Management for Shoulder Surgeons
Authors: Healy Kelsey M. , Ritter Jacob , Barr Emily , Churchill Jessica L. , Trasolini Nicholas A. , Waterman Brian R. , Reynolds Alan W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this review is to aggregate currently available literature as it pertains to treating surgical shoulder pathology in patients with osteoporosis.

Recent Findings
Emerging data surrounding perioperative use of anti-osteoporosis medications for patients undergoing shoulder surgery have not shown definitively favorable or unfavorable outcomes. Similar evaluations in animal studies have shown promising results as a biologic augment to tendon and bone healing, especially with newer, anabolic agents.

Summary
The mainstay of bone health management remains pre-operative evaluation, using opportunistic radiographic and CT based validated measurements, along with optimization of risk factors. Surgical techniques continue to incorporate implants that perform well in osteopenic bone. Promising pre-clinical studies have identified anabolic anti-osteoporosis medications as viable biologic augments to shoulder surgery, which has not been borne out in any clinical studies at this time.
Investigating Cerebello-Frontal Circuits Associated with Emotional Prosody: A Double-Blind tDCS and fNIRS study
Authors: Panico Francesco , Luciano Sharon Mara , Salzillo Alessia , Sagliano Laura , Trojano Luigi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe emotional and cognitive cerebellum has been explored by several studies in the past years. Recent evidence suggested the possible contribution of the cerebellum in processing emotional prosody, namely the ability to comprehend the emotional content of a given vocal utterance, likely mediated by anatomical and functional cerebello-prefrontal connections. In the present study, the involvement of a functional cerebello-prefrontal network in recognising emotional prosody was assessed by combining non-invasive anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right or the left cerebellum and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the prefrontal cortex, in a double-blind within-subject experimental design on healthy participants. The results showed that right and, to a less extent, left cerebellar tDCS (as compared to sham stimulation) reduced neural activation in the prefrontal cortex while accuracy and reaction times at the vocal recognition task remained unchanged. These findings highlight functional properties of the cerebello-frontal connections and the psychophysiological effects of cerebellar brain stimulation, with possible clinical applications in psychiatric and neurological conditions.
Identification of the low resistivity-low contrast (LRLC) gas-bearing pay zones in Shaly sand reservoirs using acoustic data: a case study from the Messinian Abu Madi formation, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Khalifa Mohamed A. , Nabawy Bassem S. , Abu-Hashish Mohamed F. , Al-Shareif Ahmed W. , Hassan Noha M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDetection of the low resistivity-low contrast (LRLC) reservoirs is among the main challenges in the oil industry. In this concern, the LRLC pay zones of the Upper Messinian Abu Madi clastic reservoirs in the onshore Nile Delta Gas fields became a main challenge for significant exploration. This type of reservoirs, including low resistivity-low contrast zones and thin-bedded intervals, are often overlooked using the conventional petrophysical evaluation techniques, especially in the wildcat exploratory wells or highly agitated shoreline depositional environments like the Nile Delta of Egypt. These hidden low contrast reservoirs are generally challenging due to the presence of many shale intercalations/laminations and/or due to increasing the shale volume represented in the form of dispersed distribution, and the dominance of conductive clay minerals. Therefore, in this study, the expected high resistivity values of the gas-bearing reservoir intervals of the Abu Madi Formation in the onshore Begonia gas Field, as a typical case study of the LRLC reservoirs, are masked due to the relatively high shale conductivity, particularly when the thickness of these intervals is less than the vertical resolution of the utilized conventional resistivity log. To verify the LRLC phenomena of the Begonia gas Field, the obtained data was compared to the South Abu El Naga gas Field as a normal case study with a relatively high resistivity gas-bearing pay zone. To overcome the impact of the conductive clay mineral content and identify these hidden low resistivity reservoir intervals, it is necessary to integrate the conventional logging data (gamma-ray, shallow and deep resistivity, density, and neutron) with the acoustic log data including shear and compressional sonic data. In this way, a useful relationship can be established enabling the detection of these hidden LRLC reservoir intervals. This integration is based on the principle that shear waves are not influenced by the fluids types, whereas the compressional sonic waves are influenced by the reservoir fluids. However, to effectively investigate these concealed LRLC reservoir intervals, which can boost production and increase the potential reserves, it is essential to have a low water cut value. The present study represents introduces an efficient workflow, which can be extended to other similar LRLC pay zones in the Nile Delta and northeast Africa. It is also extendible to the LRLC reservoirs in similar deltaic systems having conductive minerals-bearing reservoirs or thin beds.
Exploring the interaction between aminobutyric acid and epigenetics in modulating ash dieback response in european ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
Authors: Hoenicka Hans , Bein Susanne , Starczak Marta , Gackowski Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEuropean ash populations face a significant threat from the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, leading to ash dieback disease. The absence of resistant individuals and restrictions on biotechnological solutions hinder the ability to combat this widespread illness in the near term. Priming strategies offer an alternative approach to boost stress tolerance not only in this scenario but also in other endangered tree species by triggering plant defense mechanisms. The non-proteinogenic amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) has demonstrated potential in enhancing resistance to diverse stressors in plants. Despite limited research on forest tree species, the current study evaluated BABA’s effectiveness in mitigating ash dieback disease severity and explored potential correlations between priming treatments and epigenetic modifications. The results indicated that BABA enhanced stress tolerance in ash seedlings following inoculation with Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. BABA effectively decreased the development of necrosis associated with ash dieback disease in seedlings five months post-inoculation. Additionally, treatments involving BABA were linked to observed epigenetic alterations. Elevated levels of the non-canonical deoxynucleosides 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (5-hmdC) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (5-hmdU) were confirmed subsequent to the treatments. This study highlights the potential of BABA and other priming strategies in enhancing disease tolerance in forest tree species like European ash. Short-term improved stress tolerance and epigenetic changes were confirmed. Yet, the exact priming conditions for inducing long-term effects in plants, including long-living forest trees, remain unknown, posing a challenge for applying priming strategies to manage ash dieback and protect many other endangered tree species.
Reflections on governing Japan’s discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water: from the perspective of building a Maritime Community with a shared future
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Xu Qi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince August 2023, Japan has discharged some eight rounds of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water, totaling some 62,800 tons. Despite global criticism and domestic opposition, the Japanese government continues with this discharge plan, anticipating its continuance for decades. As distinct from conventional nuclear wastewater discharges from nuclear power plants, Japan’s recent discharges of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water will release a significant number of radioactive nuclides into the ocean. It is foreseeable that the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water will adversely affect various sectors, including the marine environment, human health, the seafood trade, the maritime economy, and the international marine legal order. Currently, the governance of the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water discharge faces three major dilemmas: insufficient participation by stakeholders, outdated regulations, and a crisis of trust. The concept of a titular Maritime Community with a Shared Future (MCSF) could address the discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water, incorporating diverse interests while also considering both current and future development. This paper argues that it is imperative to jointly engage in negotiation within the perspective of MCSF, to jointly build a governance mechanism and advance the update of rules, and to share data and information sustainably to manage the discharge of the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water.
An Evaluation of Cloud‐Precipitation Structures in Mixed‐Phase Stratocumuli Over the Southern Ocean in Kilometer‐Scale ICON Simulations During CAPRICORN
Authors: Ramadoss Veeramanikandan , Pfannkuch Kevin , Protat Alain , Huang Yi , Siems Steven , Possner Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA persistent shortwave radiative bias of Southern Ocean (SO) clouds in climate models is strongly associated with incorrect cloud phase representation, which impacts precipitation. Measurements characterizing precipitation in low‐level mixed‐phase clouds, which frequently form over the SO, are rare, and our understanding of precipitation efficacy within these clouds remains limited. The simulated surface precipitation bias has an indirect effect on determining global climate sensitivity and a direct impact on the hydrological cycle. This study investigates the representation of low clouds, cloud variability, and precipitation statistics over the SO in real‐case Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) simulations at the kilometer scale. The simulations are contrasted with 48 hr of continuous shipborne observations of open and closed‐cell stratocumuli, south of Tasmania. Our simulations show the significance of heavily rimed particle formation, their in‐cloud growth, and subcloud melting to capture the observed cloud‐precipitation vertical structure. In addition, supercooled drizzle formation impacts the vertical structure and precipitation statistics. ICON captures the observed intermittency of precipitation even at a standard vertical resolution of 200 m in the boundary layer but only captures the observed sparse distribution of intense precipitation (>1 mm hr−1) when the maximum vertical resolution is reduced to 100 m. However, the simulations of the 2‐day accumulated precipitation and the radiative effect are largely insensitive to the vertical resolution. The cloud reflectivity of the broken cloud deck is underestimated due to negative biases in cloud optical depth.
Data‐Knowledge Driven Hybrid Deep Learning for Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Zhu J. , Li S. , Song J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarthquake early warning (EEW) is of great significance in mitigating seismic disasters. Traditional EEW algorithms, which are knowledge‐driven approaches, rely on seismologists' analysis. The limited intensity measures were extracted by seismologists from P‐wave signals. And there is considerable uncertainty for predicting epicentral distance, magnitude, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and peak ground velocity (PGV). Currently, data‐driven deep learning methods with the strong learning abilities do not consider knowledge information from seismologists in EEW; thus, there is unexplored potential in enhancing the performance of deep learning models for EEW. Here, we construct the Data‐knowledge driven Hybrid deep Learning network (DHLnet) for EEW using the waveform input, knowledge embedding, convolutional neural network and graph convolutional network, aiming to integrate knowledge information from knowledge‐driven methods and the strong learning ability of data‐driven deep learning methods, that is, improving the performance of EEW. For the same test data set, compared with knowledge‐driven methods and data‐driven deep learning models, we demonstrate that DHLnet enhances the timeliness and robustness in predicting the epicentral distance, magnitude, PGA, and PGV during 10 s time window following the arrival of P‐wave. Furthermore, to validate the generalization and robustness of the DHLnet in EEW, we applied the trained DHLnet to an independent data set, within first few seconds after an earthquake occurs, DHLnet can provide robust magnitude estimation, epicentral distance estimation and high alarm accuracy. The potential of the proposed network is to enhance the performance of EEW systems and provides new insights into the exploration of deep learning methods for EEW domain.
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emission and Its Response to Land Cover Changes in China During 2001–2020 Using an Improved High‐Precision Vegetation Data Set
Authors: Cao Jing , Han Huijuan , Qiao Lili , Li Lingyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are regarded as important precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol, mainly from vegetation emissions. In the context of the expanding trend of vegetation greening, the development of high‐precision vegetation data and accurate BVOC emission estimates are essential to develop effective air pollution control measures. In this study, by integrating the multi‐source vegetation cover data, we established a high‐resolution vegetation distribution (HRVD) data set to develop a high spatio‐temporal resolution emission inventory and investigated the impact of different land cover data sets on emission simulation and impact of land cover change on BVOC emissions during 2001–2020. The annual total BVOC emissions in China for 2020 was 15.66 Tg, which were mainly from trees. The emissions simulated by CNLUCC and MODIS data sets were 1.53% and 1.72% higher than those simulated by HRVD data sets, respectively. The spatial distribution of emission differences was consistent with that of land cover differences. The simulated BVOC emissions by the HRVD data set had the best accuracy as they improved the bias between modeling and observation from 69.06% to 65.35% and decreased the underprediction of observations by a factor of 2.13 compared with simulation by MEGAN default vegetation data. The annual BVOC emissions caused by changing vegetation distribution and LAIv (LAI of vegetation covered surfaces) enhanced at a rate of 72.06 Gg yr−1 during 2001–2020. LAIv was the main driver of emission variations. The total OH reactivity of the resulted BVOC emissions increased at a rate of 1.59 s−1 yr−1, with isoprene contributed the most.
A Low‐Viscosity Lower Lunar Mantle Implied by Measured Monthly and Yearly Tides
Authors: Goossens Sander , Matsuyama Isamu , Cascioli Gael , Mazarico Erwan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Moon's frequency‐dependent tidal response, expressed as temporal variations in its gravity field through the Love number and as dissipation through the quality factor , provides information about its interior structure. Lunar laser ranging has provided measurements for , but so far no frequency‐dependent values for have been determined. We provide the first spacecraft measurements of and at two frequencies, monthly and yearly, from an analysis of Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter radio tracking data. Interior modeling indicates that these values can be matched only with a low‐viscosity zone at the base of the lunar mantle, even when using complex rheological laws to model the mantle's response. The existence of this zone has profound implications for the Moon's thermal state and evolution.