bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Electroencephalography for Predication of Neurological Dysfunction in Type A Aortic Dissection: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wang Ya‐peng , Cheng Yong‐qing , Wang Hanghang , Wang Huanhuan , Liu Wen‐xue , Jiang Yi , Xue Yun‐xing , Chen Yang , Zhou Qing , Luo Xuan , Zhang Qingxiu , Qu Jason Zhensheng , Wang Dong‐jin 
Published: September 2024

Background
Type A aortic dissection presents challenges with postoperative cerebral complications, and this study evaluates the predictive value of quantitative electroencephalography for perioperative brain function prognosis.

Methods and Results

Amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) processes raw signals through filtering, amplitude integration, and time compression, displaying the data in a semilogarithmic format. Using this method, postoperative relative band power (post‐RBP) α% and dynamic aEEG (ΔaEEG) grade were significantly associated with neurological dysfunction in univariate and multivariable analyses, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.876 (95% CI, 0.825–0.926) for the combined model. Postoperative relative band power α% and ΔaEEG were significantly associated with adverse outcomes, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.903 (95% CI, 0.835–0.971) for the combined model. Postoperative relative band power α% and ΔaEEG were significantly associated with transient neurological dysfunction and stroke, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.818 (95% CI, 0.760–0.876) and 0.868 (95% CI, 0.810–0.926) for transient neurological dysfunction, and 0.815 (95% CI, 0.743–0.886) and 0.831 (95% CI, 0.746–0.916) for stroke. Among 56 patients, the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score was superior to ΔaEEG in predicting neurological outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.872 versus 0.708 [95% CI, 0.633–0.783];
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
Perioperative quantitative electroencephalography monitoring offers valuable insights into brain function changes in patients with type A aortic dissection. ∆aEEG grades can aid in early detection of adverse outcomes, while postoperative relative band power and ∆aEEG grades predict transient neurological dysfunction. Quantitative electroencephalography can assist cardiac surgeons in assessing brain function and improving outcomes in patients with type A aortic dissection.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2200055980.
Clinical Outcomes in Relation to Total Hospital Surgical and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Volumes
Authors: Elbadawi Ayman , Mohamed Amr , Sedhom Ramy , Garcia Lisardo , Pandey Ambarish , Girotra Saket , Bavry Anthony , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Kumbhani Dharam J. 
Published: September 2024

Background
There is a paucity of data regarding the relationship between overall hospital volumes for total aortic valve replacement (AVR; transcatheter AVR [TAVR] or surgical AVR [SAVR]) and patient outcomes.

Methods and Results
We queried the 2019 Nationwide Readmission Database for patients undergoing AVR. Based on procedural volumes of TAVR or SAVR, we classified hospitals as high (≥50th percentile) or low (<50th percentile) volume centers and categorized hospitals as high TAVR/high SAVR, high TAVR/low SAVR, high SAVR/low TAVR, and low TAVR/low SAVR. Multivariable regression models were employed. The main study outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day readmission after total AVR. Our final analysis included 72 123 patients undergoing AVR at 400 hospitals across the United States. The median (interquartile range) hospital procedural volumes for total AVR, TAVR, and SAVR were 137 (86–210), 82 (50–127), and 56 (31–87) procedures, respectively. There was an inverse correlation between hospital procedural volumes of AVR, TAVR, or SAVR and in‐hospital mortality after total AVR but not with 30‐day readmission. Using high TAVR/high SAVR hospitals as reference, there was higher in‐hospital mortality after total AVR among low TAVR/low SAVR hospitals (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.29 [95% CI, 1.07–1.56]) but similar in‐hospital mortality among high TAVR/low SAVR hospitals and low TAVR/high SAVR volumes. There was no difference in 30‐day readmission rates after total AVR among the 4 hospital categories.

Conclusions
Nationwide data revealed that in‐hospital mortality after total AVR (SAVR or TAVR) is inversely related to hospital total volumes of AVR. Patients with aortic stenosis have better outcomes if they are managed among experienced centers with high case volumes of both TAVR and SAVR.
Risk of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Stroke: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Fang Yun‐Ting , Liao Shu‐Fen , Chen Ping‐Ling , Yeh Tian‐Shin , Chen Chin‐I , Piravej Krisna , Wu Chia‐Chieh , Chiu Wen‐Ta , Lam Carlos 
Published: September 2024

Background
Stroke and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) are major causes of disability worldwide, with stroke exerting significant negative effects on the brain, potentially elevating tICH risk. In this study, we investigated tICH risk in stroke survivors.

Methods and Results
Using relevant data (2017–2019) from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study. Patients were categorized into stroke and nonstroke groups, and tICH risk was compared using a Cox proportional‐hazards model. Among 164 628 patients with stroke, 1004 experienced tICH. Patients with stroke had a higher tICH risk than nonstroke counterparts (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.49 [95% CI, 3.17–3.84]). Subgroup analysis by stroke type revealed higher tICH risk in hemorrhagic stroke survivors compared with ischemic stroke survivors (HR, 5.64 [95% CI, 4.97–6.39] versus 2.87 [95% CI, 2.58–3.18], respectively). Older patients (≥45 years) with stroke had a higher tICH risk compared with their younger counterparts (<45 years), in contrast to younger patients without stroke (HR, 7.89 [95% CI, 6.41–9.70] versus 4.44 [95% CI, 2.99–6.59], respectively). Dementia and Parkinson disease emerged as significant tICH risk factors (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.44–2.00] versus 2.17 [95% CI, 1.71–2.75], respectively). In the stroke group, the highest tICH incidence density occurred 3 months after stroke, particularly in patients aged >65 years.

Conclusions
Stroke survivors, particularly those with hemorrhagic stroke and those aged ≥45 years, face elevated tICH risk. Interventions targeting the high‐risk period are vital, with fall injuries potentially contributing to tICH incidence.
Folate, Homocysteine, and Adverse Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shi Mengyao , Zheng Jin , Liu Yang , Mao Xueyu , Wu Xuechun , Chu Min , Niu Huicong , Sun Lulu , Chang Xinyue , He Yu , Liu Yi , Guo Daoxia , Zhang Yonghong , Zhu Zhengbao , Zhao Jing 
Published: September 2024

Background
As a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, homocysteine can be effectively lowered by folate. However, the associations of folate and homocysteine levels with the prognosis of ischemic stroke remained unclear.

Methods and Results

A total of 3530 patients with ischemic stroke were included. Serum folate and homocysteine levels were measured at admission. The primary outcome was composite of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score≥3) at 3 months after stroke onset. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used. The mediation effect of homocysteine was examined. During follow‐up, 1056 participants developed the primary outcome. In the univariate model, participants in the highest quartile of folate had a 29% (95% CI, 0.58–0.87) decreased risk of primary outcome compared with those in the lowest quartile. After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratio associated with the highest quartile of folate was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.46–0.73) for primary outcome. In contrast, participants in the highest quartile of homocysteine had a 52% (95% CI, 1.24–1.98) increased risk of primary outcome compared with those in the lowest quartile. After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratio associated with highest quartile of homocysteine was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.24–1.98) for primary outcome. In addition, 25.5% of the observed associations between folate and primary outcome was mediated through homocysteine (
P
=0.012).

Conclusions
High folate levels were associated with low risks of death and major disability among Chinese patients with ischemic stroke, and homocysteine partially mediated the observed potential beneficial role of folate.
Climatic significance of clay minerals in Cenozoic marine and lacustrine sediments
Authors: Fagel Nathalie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn sediments, clay minerals are mainly detrital. Formed by continental weathering, they are carried by surface transport predominantly by rivers, glaciers and, to a lesser extent, winds to the adjacent sedimentary basins and then are redistributed by oceanic currents. In a sedimentary core, the variability in the clay mineral assemblages reflects either variable physical and chemical weathering conditions in the watershed, typically with a significant link to climatic conditions, or changes in the mineral source, the latter being associated with various transport agents. When different sources are involved, a combination of mineralogical and geochemical proxies allows us to trace the detrital provenance, but they also indirectly provide valuable information on transport pathways and palaeocurrents. This manuscript reviews several examples from the literature and ongoing research on clay mineral variability in marine or lacustrine sedimentary records and interprets them in terms of: (1) climate control at different timescales, from the Neogene to the Quaternary; and (2) transport paths. Examples are selected to review the various clay-derived proxies in existence.
Navigating therapeutic challenges in VEXAS syndrome: exploring IL-6 and JAK inhibitors at the forefront
Authors: Li Xiao Xiao , Huang Wen Hui , Yang Xiao Bin , Yang Qi Lin , Zheng Yu , Huo Yong Bao , Xie Ting Ting , Huang Cheng Hui , Yu Shui Lian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVEXAS syndrome, an uncommon yet severe autoimmune disorder stemming from a mutation in the UBA1 gene, is the focus of this paper. The overview encompasses its discovery, epidemiological traits, genetic underpinnings, and clinical presentations. Delving into whether distinct genotypes yield varied clinical phenotypes in VEXAS patients, and the consequent adjustment of treatment strategies based on genotypic and clinical profiles necessitates thorough exploration within the clinical realm. Additionally, the current therapeutic landscape and future outlook are examined, with particular attention to the potential therapeutic roles of IL-6 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors, alongside an elucidation of prevailing limitations and avenues for further research. This study contributes essential theoretical groundwork and clinical insights for both diagnosing and managing VEXAS syndrome.
Lactic acid bacteria isolated from women’ breast milk and infants’ faeces have appreciable immunogenic and probiotic potentials against diarrheagenic E. coli strains
Authors: Obisesan Abiola O. , Abiodun Oyindamola O. , Ayeni Funmilola A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiarrheal diseases remain the leading cause of high mortality among the infants, particularly in the developing countries; Probiotic intervention for diarrhea has been an ongoing novel approach to diarrheal prevention and treatment. This study aims to characterize immunogenic and probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk and neonates’ faeces. The LAB isolates from 16 mothers’ breast milk and 13 infants’ faeces were screened and identified by 16 S rRNA gene partial sequencing. Their antimicrobial activities against 5 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were tested. Organic acids production was quantified by HPLC, and antibiotic resistance pattern were determined by VITEK®. Autoaggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity properties were assessed by UV spectrophotometry and immunomodulatory effect was determined in mouse model. Ninety-three LAB of five genera were identified. The most abundant species was Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with inhibition zones ranged from 8.0 to 25.0 ± 1 mm. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus A012 had 76.8 mg/mL lactic acid, (the highest concentration), was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. L. plantarum A011 and L. rhamnosus A012 were highly resistance to gastrointestinal conditions. L. rhamnosus A012 produced hydrophobicity of 25.01% (n-hexadecane), 15.4% (xylene) and its autoaggregation was 32.52%. L. rhamnosus A012 and L. plantarum A011 exert immunomodulatory effects on the cyclophosphamide-treated mice by upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine and downregulating proinflammatory cytokines. Lactobacillus sp. demonstrated good probiotic and immunomodulatory properties. Further works are ongoing on the practical use of the strains.
A mixed methods study on poisoning and injury-related emergency department visits associated with opioids in Canada, 2011 to 2022: from the Canadian hospitals injury reporting and prevention program
Authors: Yao Xiaoquan , Rama Alyssa-Ann , Mazzitelli Julianna , McFaull Steven R. , Thompson Wendy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The opioid crisis is a serious public health issue in Canada. There have been many surveillance programs and research studies on opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits at a national, provincial, regional or municipal level. However, no published studies have investigated the in-depth contexts surrounding opioid-related ED visits. In addition, few studies have examined injuries other than poisonings in those visits. The objective of this study is to investigate the contextual factors and co-occurrence of poisonings and injuries among the opioid-related ED visits in a Canadian sentinel surveillance system on injuries and poisonings from 2011 to 2022.

Methods
This study used a mixed methods design. The data source was the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. We first selected all opioid-related ED visits during our study period and then identified the contextual factors through a content analysis of the combination of the narrative description and other variables in the patients’ records. The contextual factors were organized into themes as opioid use context, social resource utilization, bystander involvement, and prior naloxone use. The opioid use context was used as a co-variable to examine the other themes and ED presentations (poisonings and other injuries). Quantitative descriptive approach was used to analyze all the contexts and ED presentations.

Results
The most common opioid use context was non-prescribed opioid use without intention to cause harm, followed by self-poisoning, children’s exposure, and medication error. Various rare contexts occurred. Paramedics participated in 27.9% of visits. Police and security guards were involved in 5.1% and 2.3% of visits, respectively. Child welfare or social workers were involved in 0.4% of visits. Bystanders initiated 18.9% of the ED visits. Naloxone use before arriving at the ED occurred in 23.4% of the visits with a variety of administrators. The majority of patients presented with poisoning effects, either with poisoning effects only or with other injuries or conditions.

Conclusions
Our study has provided an in-depth analysis of contextual factors and co-occurrence of poisonings and injuries among opioid-related ED visits in Canada. This information is important for ED programming and opioid-related poisoning and injury intervention and prevention.
Virtual reality education on myalgic encephalomyelitis for medical students and healthcare professionals: a pilot study
Authors: Anderson Tara , Duffy Grace , Corry Dagmar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic condition which may be characterised by debilitating fatigue, post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive difficulties. ME/CFS has significant negative impact on quality of life for those living with the condition. This may be exacerbated by a lack of knowledge within healthcare regarding the condition. Previous research has found that immersive virtual reality (VR) educational experiences within healthcare education can increase knowledge and empathy.

Methods
The present study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design to investigate the impact of a short immersive VR educational experience on knowledge of ME/CFS and empathy for those living with the condition. The VR experience placed participants into a virtual scene which told real life stories of the experience of people living with ME/CFS and their families. 43 participants completed in this pilot study: 28 medical students and 15 primary care health professionals. Participants completed measures of knowledge of ME/CFS and empathy before and after engagement with the experience.

Results
A statistically significant increase was found for levels of knowledge (p < .001, d = 0.74) and empathy (p < .001, d = 1.56) from pre-VR experience levels to post-VR experience levels with a medium and large effect size, respectively. Further analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between baseline levels of knowledge of ME/CFS between healthcare professionals and medical students.

Discussion
The present study is the first to explore the use of this short immersive VR experience as an education tool within healthcare to increase knowledge of ME/CFS, and empathy for those living with the condition. Findings allude to the previously established lack of knowledge of ME/CFS within healthcare although promisingly the increases in knowledge and empathy found suggest that this immersive VR experience has potential to address this. Such changes found in this small-scale pilot study suggest that future research into the use of VR as an educational tool within this setting may be beneficial. Use of a control group, and larger sample size as well as investigation of retention of these changes may also enhance future research.
No medication prescription and residential distance from the hospital are important factors associated with nonsurgical weight-loss treatment discontinuance in Japanese patients with high-degree obesity: a retrospective study
Authors: Ohira Masahiro , Tsuji Sayaka , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Abe Kazuki , Yamaoka Shuhei , Nakamura Shoko , Oka Rena , Tanaka Shou , Kawagoe Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Takashi , Nagayama Daiji , Tatsuno Ichiro , Saiki Atsuhito 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Although the percentage of the population with a high degree of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m2) is low in Japan, the prevalence of obesity-related diseases in patients with high-degree obesity is greater than that in patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2. Therefore, treatment for high-degree obesity is important. However, clinical studies have reported that 20–50% of patients with obesity discontinue weight-loss treatment in other countries. The circumstances surrounding antiobesity agents are quite different between Japan and other countries. In this study, we investigated the predictors of treatment discontinuation in Japanese patients with high-degree obesity.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 271 Japanese patients with high-degree obesity who presented at Toho University Sakura Medical Center for obesity treatment between April 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017. The patients were divided into non-dropout and dropout groups. Patients who discontinued weight-loss treatment within 24 months of the first visit were defined as “dropouts.” Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were performed to examine the factors predicting treatment withdrawal.

Results
Among the 271 patients, 119 (43.9%) discontinued treatment within 24 months of the first visit. The decrease in BMI did not significantly differ between the two groups. No prescription of medication and residential distance from the hospital exceeding 15 km were the top contributors to treatment discontinuation, and the absence of prescription medication was the most important factor. The dropout-free rate was significantly higher in patients with medication prescriptions than in those without and in patients who lived within 15 km of the hospital than in those who lived farther than 15 km from the hospital.

Conclusions
No medication prescription and longer residential distance from the hospital were associated with treatment dropout in Japanese patients with high-degree obesity; therefore, the addition of antiobesity medications and telemedicine may be necessary to prevent treatment discontinuation in such patients.
Truncated mini LRP1 transports cargo from luminal to basolateral side across the blood brain barrier
Authors: Fritzen Laura , Wienken Katharina , Wagner Lelia , Kurtyka Magdalena , Vogel Katharina , Körbelin Jakob , Weggen Sascha , Fricker Gert , Pietrzik Claus U. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The most crucial area to focus on when thinking of novel pathways for drug delivery into the CNS is the blood brain barrier (BBB). A number of nanoparticulate formulations have been shown in earlier research to target receptors at the BBB and transport therapeutics into the CNS. However, no mechanism for CNS entrance and movement throughout the CNS parenchyma has been proposed yet. Here, the truncated mini low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 mLRP1_DIV* was presented as blood to brain transport carrier, exemplified by antibodies and immunoliposomes using a systematic approach to screen the receptor and its ligands’ route across endothelial cells in vitro.

Methods
The use of mLRP1_DIV* as liposomal carrier into the CNS was validated based on internalization and transport assays across an in vitro model of the BBB using hcMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells. Trafficking routes of mLRP1_DIV* and corresponding cargo across endothelial cells were analyzed using immunofluorescence. Modulation of γ-secretase activity by immunoliposomes loaded with the γ-secretase modulator BB25 was investigated in co-cultures of bEnd.3 mLRP1_DIV* cells and CHO cells overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1).

Results
We showed that while expressed in vitro, mLRP1_DIV* transports both, antibodies and functionalized immunoliposomes from luminal to basolateral side across an in vitro model of the BBB, followed by their mLRP1_DIV* dependent release of the cargo. Importantly, functionalized liposomes loaded with the γ-secretase modulator BB25 were demonstrated to effectively reduce toxic Aß42 peptide levels after mLRP1_DIV* mediated transport across a co-cultured endothelial monolayer.

Conclusion
Together, the data strongly suggest mLRP1_DIV* as a promising tool for drug delivery into the CNS, as it allows a straight transport of cargo from luminal to abluminal side across an endothelial monolayer and it’s release into brain parenchyma in vitro, where it exhibits its intended therapeutic effect.