bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in an outpatient clinic setting—patient's perspectives and experiences
Authors: Thrysoee Lars , Strömberg Anna , Brandes Axel , Hendriks Jeroen M 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo gain in‐depth knowledge of patients’ experiences of the consultation processes at a multidisciplinary atrial fibrillation outpatient clinic in a university hospital in Denmark.BackgroundAtrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia associated with morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated as recommended. Patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation preferably should be managed in an outpatient setting which includes medical examination, patient education and decision‐making on medical therapy.DesignThis is a qualitative study of 14 patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, ranging from asymptomatic patients, to those with mild to severe symptoms; they were all referred from general practitioners.MethodsData were generated in 2013‐2015 using participant observation during each consultation, followed by individual interviews postconsultation.ResultsPatients were referred with limited information on AF and knowledge about the management consultation procedures. The consultations were performed in a professional way by the cardiologist as well as by the nurses with an emphasis on the medical aspects of atrial fibrillation. The understanding that atrial fibrillation is not a fatal disease in itself was very important for patients. At the same time, visiting the clinic was overwhelming, information was difficult to understand, and patients found it difficult to be involved in decision‐making.ConclusionsThis study indicates that patients were uncertain on what AF was before as well as after their consultation. The communication was concentrated on the medical aspects of atrial fibrillation and visiting the clinic was an overwhelming experience for the patients. They had difficulty understanding what atrial fibrillation was, why they were treated with anticoagulation, and that anticoagulating was a lifelong treatment.Relevance for clinical practiceThis study demonstrates some lack of patient‐centred care and an absence of tailored patient AF‐related education. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for and importance of active patient involvement.
Burnout and its association with resilience in nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guo Yu‐fang , Luo Yuan‐hui , Lam Louisa , Cross Wendy , Plummer Virginia , Zhang Jing‐ping 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the prevalence and extent of burnout on nurses and its association with personal resilience.BackgroundWith the worldwide shortage of nurses, nurse burnout is considered one of the main contributing factors and has been the focus of studies in recent years. Given the well‐documented high level of burnout among nurses, resilience is expected to be a significant predictor of nurse burnout. The association between burnout and resilience has not previously been investigated extensively.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was selected.MethodsA total of 1,061 nurses from six separate three‐level hospitals in Hunan Province, China, returned self‐reported questionnaires from March–June 2015. Data were collected using a socio‐demographic sheet, Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey and the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale.ResultsNurses experienced severe burnout symptoms and showed a moderate level of resilience. Three metrics of burnout had significantly negative correlations with the total score and following variables of resilience. Linear regression analysis showed resilience, especially strength, demographic characteristics (exercise, alcohol use and marital status) and job characteristics (income per month, ratio of patients to nurses, shift work and professional rank) were the main predictors of the three metrics of burnout.ConclusionThe findings of this study may help nurse managers and hospital administrators to have a better understanding of nurse burnout and resilience. The significantly negative relationship between burnout symptoms and resilience has been demonstrated, and this informs the role of resilience in influencing burnout.Relevance to clinical practiceAdaptable and effective interventions for improving resilience are needed to relieve nurses’ burnout and reduce workplace stress. Moreover, nurse managers and hospital administrators should establish an effective management system to cultivate a healthy workplace and adopt positive attitudes and harmonious relationships.
Infertility‐related communication and coping strategies among women affected by primary or secondary infertility
Authors: Sormunen Taina , Aanesen Arthur , Fossum Bjöörn , Karlgren Klas , Westerbotn Margareta 
Published: July 2017

Aim and objectivesTo explore infertility‐related communication and coping strategies among women affected by primary or secondary fertility problems.BackgroundInfertility is a worldwide problem and is experienced as psychologically stressful. Communication about infertility varies depending on clinical aspects, personal relationships and culture.MethodsA quantitative cross‐sectional study design was used. One hundred and ninety‐nine women affected by primary and secondary infertility were recruited from one fertility clinic in Stockholm. A structured self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The answers were compared across the two groups using the chi‐squared test for independence.ResultsThe majority of the women discussed infertility‐related subjects with intimate friends and/or relatives and did not discuss the results of examinations and tests with people outside of the family. There were significant differences between the two groups. Twice as many women with secondary infertility acknowledged that they never talk about the causes or results of the tests and examinations with other people, compared with women with primary infertility. Approximately 25% of the women with primary infertility used distraction techniques, such as turning to work, as a coping strategy compared to women with secondary infertility (10%). Some women did not discuss the inability to conceive and reasons why they were childless with their spouses. Twelve percentage of the women reported that they left the room when the subjects of children were being discussed. Approximately 30% of the participants did not ask friends or relatives for advice and a few were not able to discuss how tests and treatments affected them emotionally.ConclusionThis study indicates that a majority of infertile women discuss about infertility‐related subjects with their spouses. However, they are less likely to discuss the reason for infertility and results of tests and examinations with people outside the family.Relevance to the clinical practiceThe result of the current study can be useful regarding interventions for women affected by primary or by secondary infertility. The healthcare staff must be alert and attentive to pay attention to these possible challenges. Identification of women at risk of developing emotional problems due to communication difficulties regarding infertility‐related issues merits close attention.
Disaggregating the Corporate Headquarters: Investor Reactions to Inversion Announcements by US Firms
Authors: Slangen Arjen H. L. , Baaij Marc , Valboni Riccardo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInternationally disaggregated headquarters arise from cross‐border relocations of headquarters components. To shed more light on the business consequences of such component relocations, we analyse stock market reactions to inversion initiatives, which are plans by US firms to offshore their registered seat. Combining business economics and institutional theory, we develop an explanatory framework centred on repatriation taxes on foreign income. Since inversions enable US firms to free themselves from such taxes in the US, we hypothesize that inversions by firms that face higher US tax costs in repatriating income will be received more positively by investors, and especially so if the inversion's destination country has no repatriation tax. Yet by freeing themselves from US repatriation taxes, inverting firms deprive the US government of tax revenues and will therefore likely lose legitimacy among US officials. The risks associated with losing such legitimacy, we argue, are higher for firms that are more dependent on the US government, causing the relationship between the US tax costs of repatriating income and investor reactions to inversions to be less positive for such firms. We find substantial support for our framework in an event study of up to 117 inversions announced over the period 1990–2016. Our findings argue for a nuanced, contingency view of the business consequences of inverting and suggest that legitimacy losses are not always as hazardous as previously thought.
Association between cystine urolithiasis and neuter status of dogs within the UK
Authors: Florey J. , Ewen V. , Syme H. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to examine the association between diagnosis of cystine urolithiasis and entireversusneutered status in male dogs and whether the strength of association varies among breeds.Materials and MethodsA previously reported canine urolithiasis database was used, documenting all urolith submissions to Hill's Pet Nutrition UK over a 10‐year period. Uroliths were classified as cystine or non‐cystine, and only male dogs with known neuter status were included in the analysis. Breeds of dog (and an additional crossbreed group), for which there was a minimum of 10 cystine urolith submissions, were analysed individually, with all other breeds combined together to form a reference group. Results were analysed using chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between breed and neuter status and formation of cystine calculi.ResultsIn multiple breeds, dogs with cystine uroliths were significantly more likely to be entire than dogs forming other types of urolith. Being an entire male, regardless of breed, was associated with an increased risk of cystine urolithiasis (odds ratio=4·5; 95% confidence interval: 3·22 to 6·37; P<0·001).Clinical SignificanceIncreased odds of cystine formation in entire dogs supports further investigation of castration as a method to prevent cystine urolithiasis.
Memory encoding is impaired after multiple nights of partial sleep restriction
Authors: Cousins James N. , Sasmita Karen , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: July 2017

SummarySleep is important for normative cognitive functioning. A single night of total sleep deprivation can reduce the capacity to encode new memories. However, it is unclear how sleep restriction during several consecutive nights affects memory encoding. To explore this, we employed a parallel‐group design with 59 adolescents randomized into sleep‐restricted (SR) and control groups. Both groups were afforded 9 h time in bed (TIB) for 2 baseline nights, followed by 5 consecutive nights of 5 h TIB for the SR group (n = 29) and 9 h TIB for the control group (n = 30). Participants then performed a picture‐encoding task. Encoding ability was measured with a recognition test after 3 nights of 9 h TIB recovery sleep for both groups, allowing the assessment of encoding ability without the confounding effects of fatigue at retrieval. Memory was significantly worse in the sleep‐restricted group (P = 0.001), and this impairment was not correlated with decline in vigilance. We conclude that memory‐encoding deteriorates after several nights of partial sleep restriction, and this typical pattern of sleep negatively affects adolescents’ ability to learn declarative information.
George Eliot's ‘Daniel Deronda’ and the Jewish Question in Russia of the 1870s–1900s
Authors: Proskurnin Boris M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article studies the remarkable popularity of Daniel Deronda, George Eliot's last novel, and its reception in Russia of the 1870s–1900s, in the context of the Jewish question and Russian social, moral, political, literary and cultural life, during the period after 1861 reforms. The article notes the fact of five Russian translations of Daniel Deronda and shows that fiction – Russian translations of foreign fiction included – addressed the most urgent contemporary issues and were seen as an efficient way to educate readers socially and morally. It is also demonstrated how much translation, publishing and critical reception of the novel accorded with the dynamics of the ‘Jewish question’ in Russia. It is noted which aspects of the form and content of the novel were the most discussed by Russian critics.
Tourism and nationalism in the production of regional culture: the shaping of Majorca's popular songbook between 1837 and 1936
Authors: Vives‐Riera Antoni 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article offers a microhistorical approach to the shaping of regional cultures during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to show that this process was not only imposed from centres of nationalisation as a complement of national identity, but that it also had to be negotiated with elites in provinces at the periphery. Specifically, the article looks at how the regional songbook of Majorca took shape between 1837 and 1936. In this process of musical regionalisation, the cultural authority of the tourism and colonial discourse about the island was strategically exploited by local musicians to gain some share of power from below in negotiating their own regional identity with nationalising institutions. In this way, the Spanish and Catalan national identities being projected over the island were ultimately decentred and transformed.
French healthcare professionals' perceived barriers to and motivation for therapeutic patient education: A qualitative study
Authors: Lelorain Sophie , Bachelet Adeline , Bertin Nicole , Bourgoin Maryline 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTherapeutic patient education is effective for various patient outcomes; however, healthcare professionals sometimes lack the motivation to carry out patient education. Surprisingly, this issue has rarely been addressed in research. Therefore, this study explores healthcare professionals' perceived barriers to and motivation for therapeutic patient education. Healthcare professionals, mainly nurses, working in different French hospitals were interviewed. Thematic content analysis was performed. Findings included a lack of skills, knowledge, and disillusionment of the effectiveness of therapeutic patient education were features of a demotivated attitude. In contrast, a positive attitude was observed when therapeutic patient education met a need to work differently and more effectively. A key factor motivating professionals was the integration of therapeutic patient education in routine care within a multidisciplinary team. To keep healthcare professionals motivated, managers should ensure that therapeutic patient education is implemented in accordance with its core principles: a patient‐centered approach within a trained multidisciplinary team. In the latter case, therapeutic patient education is viewed as an efficient and rewarding way to work with patients, which significantly motivates healthcare professionals.
Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer chemoprevention: A role for nicotinamide?
Authors: Minocha Rashi , Damian Diona L. , Halliday Gary M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryUltraviolet radiation (UVR) causes DNA damage in melanocytes by producing photolesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8‐oxo‐7‐hydrodeoxyguanosine. The production of reactive oxygen species by UVR also induces inflammatory cytokines that, together with the inherent immunosuppressive properties of UVR, propagate carcinogenesis. Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) enhances DNA repair, modulates the inflammatory environment produced by UVR, and reduces UV‐induced immunosuppression. As nicotinamide reduces the incidence of actinic keratoses and nonmelanoma skin cancers in high‐risk individuals and enhances repair of DNA damage in melanocytes, it is a promising agent for the chemoprevention of melanoma in high‐risk populations.
The overlaps of asthma or COPD with OSA: A focused review
Authors: Owens Robert L. , Macrea Madalina M. , Teodorescu Mihaela 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are the most common respiratory disorders worldwide. Given demographic and environmental changes, prevalence for each is likely to increase. Although exact numbers are not known, based on chance alone, many people will be affected by both lower airways obstruction and concomitant upper airway obstruction during sleep. Some recent studies suggest that there is a reciprocal interaction, with chronic lung disease predisposing to OSA, and OSA worsening control and outcomes from chronic lung disease. Thus, the combination of wake and sleep respiratory disorders can create an overlap syndrome with unique pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic concerns. Although much work needs to be done, given the above, Respirologists, Sleep Medicine and Primary Care providers must be vigilant for overlap syndromes. Accurate diagnosis of, for example, OSA as a cause of nocturnal symptoms in a patient with asthma is likely to limit further ineffective titration of medications for asthma. Moreover, prompt treatment of OSA in the overlap syndromes will not only offer symptomatic benefit of OSA, but also improve symptoms and healthcare resource utilization attributable to obstructive lung disease, and in COPD, it may reduce mortality.
Anaerobic antibiotic usage for pneumonia in the medical intensive care unit
Authors: Kioka Mutsumi J. , DiGiovine Bruno , Rezik Mohamed , Jennings Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectivePneumonia is a common admitting diagnosis in the intensive care unit (ICU). When aspiration is suspected, antibiotics to cover anaerobes are frequently used, but in the absence of clear risk factors, current guidelines have questioned their role. It is unknown how frequently these guidelines are followed.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre observational study on practice patterns of anaerobic antibiotic use in consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with aspiration pneumonia (Asp), community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare‐associated pneumonia (HCAP).ResultsA total of 192 patients were studied (Asp: 20, HCAP: 107, CAP: 65). Overall, 59 patients received anaerobic antibiotics (Asp: 90%, HCAP: 28%, CAP 17%) but a significant proportion of these patients did not meet criteria to receive them. Inappropriate anaerobic antibiotic use was 12/20 for Asp, 27/107 for HCAP and 9/65 for CAP. Mortality probability model III at zero hours (MPM0) score and a diagnosis of Asp were predictors of receiving inappropriate anaerobic antibiotics. Receiving inappropriate anaerobic antibiotics was associated with a longer ICU length of stay (LOS; 7 days (interquartile range (IQR): 7–21) vs 4 days (IQR:2–9), P = 0.017).ConclusionFor patients in the ICU admitted with pneumonia, there is a high occurrence of inappropriately prescribed anaerobic antibiotics, the use of which was associated with a longer ICU LOS.
Tuberculosis increases the risk of peripheral arterial disease: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Huei , Chien Wu‐Chien , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Lin Fu‐Huang , Peng Chung‐Kan , Chian Chih‐Feng , Shen Chih‐Hao 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAccording to several studies, tuberculosis (TB) may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between TB and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with TB exhibit an increased risk of developing PAD.MethodsThe data assessed in this national population‐based cohort study were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2010. Patients with newly diagnosed TB were selected using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes. The non‐TB cohort was randomly frequency‐matched to the TB cohort at a ratio of 2:1 according to age, sex and index year. Cox's proportional hazards regression models were used to analyse the risk of PAD.ResultsWe enrolled 14 350 patients with TB and 28 700 controls in this study. The risk of PAD was 3.93‐fold higher in the patients with TB than in the non‐TB controls after adjusting for age, sex, co‐morbidities and socio‐economic status. Based on the subgroup analysis, the TB cohort exhibited an increased risk of developing PAD compared with the non‐TB cohort, regardless of age, sex, co‐morbidities and socio‐economic status. Patients with TB had a higher risk of developing PAD than healthy control subjects after 1 year of follow‐up.ConclusionPatients with TB have a significantly higher risk of developing PAD than patients without TB. TB should be considered when evaluating a patient's risk of developing PAD.
Cyber Risk Management for Critical Infrastructure: A Risk Analysis Model and Three Case Studies
Authors: Paté‐Cornell M.‐Elisabeth , Kuypers Marshall , Smith Matthew , Keller Philip 
Published: July 2017

AbstractManaging cyber security in an organization involves allocating the protection budget across a spectrum of possible options. This requires assessing the benefits and the costs of these options. The risk analyses presented here are statistical when relevant data are available, and system‐based for high‐consequence events that have not happened yet. This article presents, first, a general probabilistic risk analysis framework for cyber security in an organization to be specified. It then describes three examples of forward‐looking analyses motivated by recent cyber attacks. The first one is the statistical analysis of an actual database, extended at the upper end of the loss distribution by a Bayesian analysis of possible, high‐consequence attack scenarios that may happen in the future. The second is a systems analysis of cyber risks for a smart, connected electric grid, showing that there is an optimal level of connectivity. The third is an analysis of sequential decisions to upgrade the software of an existing cyber security system or to adopt a new one to stay ahead of adversaries trying to find their way in. The results are distributions of losses to cyber attacks, with and without some considered countermeasures in support of risk management decisions based both on past data and anticipated incidents.