bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Monofluoromethylthiolation with S‐(Fluoromethyl) Benzenesulfonothioate
Authors: Zhao Qunchao , Lu Long , Shen Qilong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn electrophilic shelf‐stable monofluoromethylthiolating reagent S‐(fluoromethyl) benezenesulfonothioate (1) was developed. In the presence of a copper catalyst, reagent 1 coupled with a variety of aryl boronic acids to give the corresponding monofluoromethylthiolated arenes in high yields. In addition, addition of reagent 1 to alkyl alkenes in the presence of a silver catalyst gave alkyl monofluoromethylthioethers in high yields.
Evaluation of the antifouling and photocatalytic properties of novel poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with a reduced graphene oxide–Bi2WO6 active layer
Authors: Li Yukun , Zhu Liang 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTImmobilization of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)–Bi2WO6 is an ideal method for obtaining antifouling membranes for membrane distillation (MD) processes. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes modified with RGO–Bi2WO6 were successfully obtained with a double‐layer coating method through non‐solvent‐induced phase separation. The water contact angle was improved by about 30° by RGO–Bi2WO6; this indicated that the surface modification obviously increased the membrane hydrophobicity. The high desalination rate proved that all of the prepared membranes were appropriate for the MD process. The RGO–Bi2WO6‐modified membranes achieve 26.26%–59.95% removal rates in 10 mg/L aqueous ciprofloxacin under visible light for 7.5 h. It was possible to erase strongly bound foulants and recover the prepared membrane's permeation flux by 3 h of visible‐light irradiation. The RGO–Bi2WO6‐modified membrane with a high hydrophobicity, fouling mitigation, and photocatalytic capability presents huge potential for the treatment of high‐salt antibiotic wastewater use in the MD process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45426.
Effect of nanostructured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on the physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Valiya Parambath Swapna , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Thomas Sabu , Stephen Ranimol 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAn effective amphiphilic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) encapsulated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated by solution blending method. Anionic octa(tetramethylammonium) (Octa‐TMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used as cage side groups in POSS (Octa‐TMA‐POSS and PEG‐POSS) for the present study. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed the uniform dispersion of POSS in the PVA matrix. Crystallinity of PVA/POSS system was computed from differential scanning calorimetric studies. The effect of POSS on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and dielectric properties of PVA has been analyzed and discussed in detail with respect to the weight percentage of POSS. The incorporation of POSS in PVA matrix remarkably enhances the Young's modulus of the matrix. The viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus, damping behavior, and glass transition temperature of the membranes were evaluated. The relaxation corresponding to the crystal–crystal slippage characteristic of semicrystalline polymers were observed in storage modulus curves of PVA/POSS system, suggesting the crystalline nature of matrix even in the presence of POSS. Less polar, inert, and stiff inorganic center core of POSS contributes to the reduced energy dissipation and dielectric constant of PVA/POSS system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45447.
Synthesis and in vitro assessment of novel water‐soluble dextran‐docetaxel conjugates as potential pH sensitive system for tumor‐targeted delivery
Authors: Parhizkar Elahehnaz , Daneshamouz Saeid , Mohammadi‐Samani Soliman , Sakhteman Amirhossein , Parhizkar Golnaz , Omidi Mahmoud , Ahmadi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTDocetaxel is a potent taxane agent mostly used in breast, lung, and prostate cancers. Its low water solubility is the major drawback that leads to use of Tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol as solvent in market formulation. But, these excipients cause severe hypersensitivity reactions. In this study, docetaxel was conjugated to biocompatible polymer, dextran 70 kDa, via a pH sensitive linker to enhance solubility and diminish the need of surfactants. Folic acid was also conjugated to dextran to provide targeted delivery. Synthesized conjugates were examined for solubility, hemo‐compatibility, stability, and cytotoxicity on MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines. Results showed about 1200‐fold enhancement in water solubility by dextran and 280‐fold by dextran‐folate conjugation. Conjugates released the drug in a pH‐dependent manner and faster hydrolysis was observed in pH 5.4 than physiological pH 7.4. Docetaxel‐dextran conjugates showed proper hemo‐compatibility and presented greater cytotoxicity than docetaxel solution. Higher cytotoxicity was seen in folate conjugated samples and the final conjugates targeted by folate would be suitable novel substitutions for currently marketed formulation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45457.
Synthesis of amphiphilic isoindigo co‐polymers for organic field effect transistors: A comparative study
Authors: Dharmapurikar Satej S. , Arulkashmir Arulraj , Mahale Rajashree Y. , Chini Mrinmoy Kumar 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, the amphiphilic isoindigo (am‐iInd) based conjugated polymers namely poly(am‐iInd‐DT) and poly(am‐iInd‐TT) and their regular counterpart poly(reg‐iInd‐DT) and poly(reg‐iInd‐TT) were synthesized to compare their opto‐electronic and charge transport properties. They were used to fabricate organic field effect transistors. Charge transport properties in conjugated polymers depend upon intermolecular interaction which is strongly affected by the nature of side chains. The amphiphilic nature of the conjugated polymers has little impact on the charge transport properties. The charge carrier mobility of amphiphilic conjugated polymers was comparable with the regular polymers except poly(reg‐iInd‐DT) which can be correlated by X‐ray diffraction and thin film morphology. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45461.
Polypropylene–glass fiber/basalt fiber hybrid composites fabricated by direct fiber feeding injection molding process
Authors: Yan Xiaofei , Shen Hua , Yu Lichao , Hamada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTHybrid composites of polypropylene reinforced with glass fibers and basalt fibers were fabricated by vented injection molding machine which is named the direct fiber feeding injection molding (DFFIM) process. Polyamide 6 and maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene has been used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial bonding between the fibers and matrix. Two types of vented injection molding machines with a different check ring and mold were used for making specimens. The fiber lengths were analyzed to identify the most suitable check ring and mold for the DFFIM process. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were investigated by tensile, flexural and Izod impact tests. The interfacial morphology of the fractured tensile specimens was studied by using scanning electron microscopy and showed that there is a fiber agglomeration phenomenon that occurs in the hybrid composites, and it has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45472.
Sequential Dy(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Per‐O‐Acetylation and Regioselective Anomeric De‐O‐Acetylation of Carbohydrates
Authors: Yan Yi‐Ling , Guo Jiun‐Rung , Liang Chien‐Fu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDysprosium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate‐catalyzed per‐O‐acetylation and regioselective anomeric de‐O‐acetylation of carbohydrates can be tuned by adjusting the reaction medium. In this study, the per‐O‐acetylation of unprotected sugars by using a near‐stoichiometric amount of acetic anhydride under solvent‐free conditions resulted in the exclusive formation of acetylated saccharides as anomeric mixtures, whereas anomeric de‐O‐acetylation in methanol resulted in a moderate‐to‐excellent yield. Reactions with various unprotected monosaccharides or disaccharides followed by a semi‐one‐pot sequential conversion into the corresponding acetylated glycosyl hemiacetal also resulted in high yields. Furthermore, the obtained hemiacetals could be successfully transformed into trichloroimidates after Dy(OTf)3‐catalyzed glycosylation.
Fermentation and purification strategies for the production of betulinic acid and its lupane‐type precursors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Czarnotta Eik , Dianat Mariam , Korf Marcel , Granica Fabian , Merz Juliane , Maury Jérôme , Baallal Jacobsen Simo A. , Förster Jochen , Ebert Birgitta E. , Blank Lars M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicrobial production of plant derived, biologically active compounds has the potential to provide economic and ecologic alternatives to existing low productive, plant‐based processes. Current production of the pharmacologically active cyclic triterpenoid betulinic acid is realized by extraction from the bark of plane tree or birch. Here, we reengineered the reported betulinic acid pathway into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used this novel strain to develop efficient fermentation and product purification methods. Fed‐batch cultivations with ethanol excess, using either an ethanol‐pulse feed or controlling a constant ethanol concentration in the fermentation medium, significantly enhanced production of betulinic acid and its triterpenoid precursors. The beneficial effect of excess ethanol was further exploited in nitrogen‐limited resting cell fermentations, yielding betulinic acid concentrations of 182 mg/L, and total triterpenoid concentrations of 854 mg/L, the highest concentrations reported so far. Purification of lupane‐type triterpenoids with high selectivity and yield was achieved by solid‐liquid extraction without prior cell disruption using polar aprotic solvents such as acetone or ethyl acetate and subsequent precipitation with strong acids. This study highlights the potential of microbial production of plant derived triterpenoids in S. cerevisiae by combining metabolic and process engineering.
Reexamining opportunities for therapeutic protein production in eukaryotic microorganisms
Authors: Matthews Catherine B. , Wright Chapman , Kuo Angel , Colant Noelle , Westoby Matthew , Love J. Christopher 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntibodies are an important class of therapeutics and are predominantly produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. While this manufacturing platform is sufficiently productive to supply patient populations of currently approved therapies, it is unclear whether or not the current CHO platform can address two significant areas of need: affordable access to biologics for patients around the globe and production of unprecedented quantities needed for very large populations of patients. Novel approaches to recombinant protein production for therapeutic biologic products may be needed, and might be enabled by non‐mammalian expression systems and recent advances in bioengineering. Eukaryotic microorganisms such as fungi, microalgae, and protozoa offer the potential to produce high‐quality antibodies in large quantities. In this review, we lay out the current understanding of a wide range of species and evaluate based on theoretical considerations which are best poised to deliver a step change in cost of manufacturing and volumetric productivity within the next decade.Related article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bit.26383/full
Protein microarray analysis identifies key cytokines associated with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
Authors: Zhou Zhonghe , Zhang Jinghua , Li Xiaoqiu , Xia Cheng , Han Yaling , Chen Huisheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to explore potential cytokines involved in the malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) and elucidate their underlying regulatory mechanisms.MethodsWe first developed a cytokine profile by Quantibody® Human Cytokine Antibody Array7000 using serum samples from eight patients with MMI and eight patients with non‐acute cerebral infarction (NACI). The differentially expressed cytokines were then identified in patients with MMI using two‐tailed Student's t‐test and Fisher's Exact Test compared with patients with NACI. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on STRING database.ResultsA total of 10 differentially expressed cytokines were identified from 320 unique inflammatory cytokines in serums. Among them, four cytokines, like NCAM1 (neural cell adhesion molecule 1), IGFBP‐6 (insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 6), LYVE1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1), and LCN2 (Lipocalin2), were up‐regulated, while another six cytokines, such as TGFB1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1, also known as LAP), EGF (epidermal growth factor), PDGFA (platelet‐derived growth factor alpha polypeptide), MMP‐10 (matrix metallopeptidase 10), IL‐27 (interleukin 27), and CCL2 (chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 2), were down‐regulated. Moreover, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly enriched.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that 10 differentially expressed cytokines, such as NCAM1, LCN2, IGFBP‐6, LYVE1, MMP‐10, IL‐27, PDGFA, EGF, CCL2, and TGFB1 may participate in the development of MMI. Moreover, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway may be an important mechanism involved in this disease. These differentially expressed cytokines may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or drug targets for MMI.
Identification of patients with cancer with a high risk to develop delirium
Authors: Neefjes Elisabeth C. W. , van der Vorst Maurice J. D. L. , Verdegaal Bertha A. T. T. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Berkhof Johannes , Verheul Henk M. W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDelirium deteriorates the quality of life in patients with cancer, but is frequently underdiagnosed and not adequately treated. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of delirium and its risk factors in patients admitted to the hospital for treatment or palliative care in order to develop a prediction model to identify patients at high risk for delirium. In a period of 1.5 years, we evaluated the risk of developing delirium in 574 consecutively admitted patients with cancer to our academic oncology department with the Delirium Observation Screening Scale. Risk factors for delirium were extracted from the patient's chart. A delirium prediction algorithm was constructed using tree analysis, and validated with fivefold cross‐validation. A total of 574 patients with cancer were acutely (42%) or electively (58%) admitted 1733 times. The incidence rate of delirium was 3.5 per 100 admittances. Tree analysis revealed that the predisposing factors of an unscheduled admittance and a metabolic imbalance accurately predicted the development of delirium. In this group the incidence rate of delirium was 33 per 100 patients (1:3). The AUC of the model was 0.81, and 0.65 after fivefold cross‐validation. We identified that especially patients undergoing an unscheduled admittance with a metabolic imbalance do have a clinically relevant high risk to develop a delirium. Based on these factors, we propose to evaluate preventive treatment of these patients when admitted to the hospital in order to improve their quality of life.
Structural cause of dysphagia detected during videofluoroscopic swallow study
Authors: Toh Yoon Ezekiel Wong , Kabuto Syu 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageDysphagia can be caused by many different underlying conditions. The assessment and management of dysphagia depend on each individual patient, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Structural cause of dysphagia can be dealt with using endoscopic interventions before the patient's general status deteriorates.
Catalytic Metallodrugs: Substrate‐Selective Metal Catalysts as Therapeutics
Authors: Yu Zhen , Cowan James A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMetal complexes that catalyze inactivation and degradation of biomolecular targets can be developed into novel therapeutics (catalytic metallodrugs) against a variety of diseases. Despite recent advances in the field, a lack of substrate selectivity is a major hindrance to the development of catalytic metallodrugs for application in clinical practice. Improved targeting can minimize nonselective activity and the potential for side effects. Herein, we focus on recent developments toward novel metal catalysts that exhibit substrate selectivity against a variety of therapeutically relevant biomolecules. Design strategies for developing selective catalytic metallodrugs are also highlighted.
Aminopyrazine Pathway to the Moco Metabolite Dephospho Form A
Authors: Klewe Anne , Kruse Tobias , Lindel Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of the molybdopterin/molybdenum cofactor (Moco) oxidation product dephospho Form A is described that assembles the pteridinone system starting from an iodinated aminopyrazine. The sodium salt of dephospho Form A could be purified by precipitation from methanol, which paved the way to the title compound in the 100 mg range. By HPLC, the synthetic material was compared with a sample isolated from a recombinant Moco containing protein. Analysis of dephospho Form A is the only method that allows the quantification of the Moco content of crude cell extracts and recombinant protein preparations.
A Consecutive C−H Functionalization Triggered by Oxidation of Active sp3 C−H Bonds: Construction of 3,4‐Dihydroquinoline‐3‐one Derivatives
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Hou Wentao , Shao Yu , Yuan Yu , Chen Qian , Li Pengfei , Liu Xiaofei , Ji Honghe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report a consecutive C−H functionalization that constructs 3,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐one derivatives in high yields. This reaction is triggered by oxidation of active sp3 C−H bonds of glycines and N‐benzylanilines. In this radical mediated transformation, four sp3 C−H bonds are functionalized efficiently, together with construction of one heterocyclic ring with a quaternary carbon center.
Towards Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen: A Synthetic Cycle by Using a Simple Manganese Complex
Authors: Keener Megan , Peterson Madeline , Hernández Sánchez Raúl , Oswald Victoria F. , Wu Guang , Ménard Gabriel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOxidation of the nucleophilic nitride, (salen)Mn≡N (1) with stoichiometric [Ar3N][X] initiated a nitride coupling reaction to N2, a major step toward catalytic ammonia oxidation (salen=N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐ethylenediamine dianion; Ar=p‐bromophenyl; X=[SbCl6]− or [B(C6F5)4]−). N2 production was confirmed by mass spectral analysis of the isotopomer, 1‐15N, and the gas quantified. The metal products of oxidation were the reduced MnIII dimers, [(salen)MnCl]2 (2) or [(salen)Mn(OEt2)]2[B(C6F5)4]2 (3) for X=[SbCl6]− or [B(C6F5)4]−, respectively. The mechanism of nitride coupling was probed to distinguish a nitridyl from a nucleophilic/electrophilic coupling sequence. During these studies, a rare mixed‐valent MnV/MnIII bridging nitride, [(salen)MnV(μ‐N)MnIII(salen)][B(C6F5)4] (4), was isolated, and its oxidation‐state assignment was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies, perpendicular and parallel‐mode EPR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopies, as well as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. We found that 4 could subsequently be oxidized to 3. Furthermore, in view of generating a catalytic system, 2 can be re‐oxidized to 1 in the presence of NH3 and NaOCl closing a pseudo‐catalytic “synthetic” cycle. Together, the reduction of 1→2 followed by oxidation of 2→1 yield a genuine synthetic cycle for NH3 oxidation, paving the way to the development of a fully catalytic system by using abundant metal catalysis.
Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Alkenes into Epoxides or Chlorohydrins Promoted by a Polymer‐Supported Decatungstate Catalyst
Authors: Symeonidis Theodoros S. , Athanasoulis Alexandros , Ishii Rikako , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Lykakis Ioannis N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient photocatalytic method for the aerobic oxidation of alkenes to afford either the corresponding epoxides or chlorohydrins, depending on the solvent of choice, is presented. This effective approach uses a novel polymer‐supported decatungstate catalyst bearing a poly(isopropylacrylamide alkylammonium) matrix and yields the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.
Potential impact of the sewer system on the applicability of alcohol and tobacco biomarkers in wastewater‐based epidemiology
Authors: Banks Andrew P.W. , Lai Foon Yin , Mueller Jochen F. , Jiang Guangming , Carter Steve , Thai Phong K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the actual consumption of alcohol and tobacco in the population is important for forming public health policy. For this purpose, wastewater‐based epidemiology has been applied as a complementary method to estimate the overall alcohol and tobacco consumption in different communities. However, the stability of their consumption biomarkers – ethyl sulfate, ethyl glucuronide, cotinine, and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine – in the sewer system has not yet been assessed. This study aimed to conduct such assessment using sewer reactors mimicking conditions of rising main, gravity sewer, and wastewater alone, over a 12‐hour period. The results show that cotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine are relatively stable under all sewer conditions while ethyl sulfate was only stable in wastewater alone and gradually degraded in rising main and gravity sewer conditions. Ethyl glucuronide quickly degraded in all reactors. These findings suggest that cotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine are good biomarkers to estimate tobacco consumption; ethyl sulfate may be used as a biomarker to estimate alcohol consumption, but its in‐sewer loss should be accounted for in the calculation of consumption estimates. Ethyl glucuronide, and probably most of glucuronide compounds, are not suitable biomarkers to be used in wastewater‐based epidemiology due to their in‐sewer instability.
Discrimination between closely related synthetic cannabinoids by GC–Cold–EI–MS
Authors: Smolianitski‐Fabian Evgeny , Cohen Etia , Dronova Marina , Voloshenko‐Rossin Anna , Lev Ovadia 
Published: July 2017

Gas chromatography thermal‐electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC–EI–MS) is an established method for the identification of mind‐altering substances and is routinely used by forensic laboratories. However, some commonly analyzed drugs of abuse, relating to the synthetic cannabinoids receptor agonist group (SCs), pose a challenge for this conventional technique.As the molecular cation radicals of many excited SCs are labile within the ion source, the relative abundance of the molecular ions obtained by the GC‐EI‐MS is often too small to allow discrimination of structurally related drugs. In contrast, the cold‐electron ionization (cold‐EI) method allows the enhancement and clear identification of the molecular ions, while maintaining the ability to compare unknown analytes with comprehensive mass spectrum libraries. This technique was explored for mass‐spectrometric identification and unambiguous differentiation of 15 emerging synthetic cannabinoids found on the drug market in Israel and elsewhere. The current method was demonstrated to discriminate pairs of closely related SCs: FUB‐PB‐22 and FDU‐PB‐22, and 5F–PB‐22 and NM‐2201. In addition, the dependence of the molecular ion enhancement on the cold‐EI parameters was examined. Finally, analysis of SCs from seized street samples provided by the Israeli police demonstrates the enhanced identification power of GC–cold–EI–MS.