bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacto del Burnout en el desarrollo profesional del profesorado universitario. Una revisión de la investigación
Authors: Rodríguez-García Antonio-Manuel , Sola-Martínez Tomás , Fernández-Cruz Manuel 
Published: September 2017

<p>Numerosos investigadores afirman que la docencia es una profesión altamente estresante, por lo que se convierte en un escenario idóneo para la aparición de burnout (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja autorrealización). No obstante, la atención y estudio de los investigadores acerca del burnout en el campo de la Educación Superior ha sido menor en detrimento de otros niveles y etapas, pese a los cambios y transformaciones que ha experimentado la Educación Superior en los últimos años y que justifican la necesidad de investigación en esta línea. Esta revisión bibliográfica ha tenido como objetivo describir los diferentes objetivos, métodos, instrumentos y variables de investigaciones en este escenario, y así conocer el estado de la cuestión respecto al docente de universidad. Posteriormente, se ha realizado un análisis de las mismas para extraer los datos más importantes de cada investigación y que pueden ser de ayuda para el avance del conocimiento en esta área. Se concluye con una problemática que va acrecentándose y que dificulta el desarrollo profesional del docente de universidad. </p>
Effects of Bed Forms and Large Protruding Grains on Near‐Bed Flow Hydraulics in Low Relative Submergence Conditions
Authors: Monsalve Angel , Yager Elowyn M. , Schmeeckle Mark W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn mountain rivers, bed forms, large relatively immobile grains, and bed texture and topographic variability can significantly alter local and reach‐averaged flow characteristics. The low relative submergence of large immobile grains causes highly three‐dimensional flow fields that may not be represented by traditional shear stress, flow velocity, and turbulence intensity equations. To explore the influence of large protruding grains and bed forms on flow properties, we conducted a set of experiments in which we varied the relative submergence while holding the sediment transport capacity and upstream sediment supply constant. Flow and bed measurements were conducted at the beginning and end of each experiment to account for the absence or presence of bed forms, respectively. Detailed information on the flow was obtained by combining our measurements with a 3‐D numerical model. Commonly used velocity profile equations only performed well at the reach scale when shallow flow effects and the roughness length of the relatively mobile sediment were considered. However, at the local scale large deviations from these profiles were observed and simple methods to estimate the spatial distribution of near‐bed shear stresses are likely to be inaccurate. Zones of high turbulent kinetic energy occurred near the water surface and were largely controlled by the immobile grains and plunging flow. The reach‐averaged shear stress did not correlate to depth or slope, as commonly assumed, but instead was controlled by the relative boulder submergence and degree of plunging flow. For accurate flow predictions in mountain rivers, the effects of bed forms and large boulders must be considered.
Single‐Column Model Simulations of Subtropical Marine Boundary‐Layer Cloud Transitions Under Weakening Inversions
Authors: Neggers R. A. J. , Ackerman A. S. , Angevine W. M. , Bazile E. , Beau I. , Blossey P. N. , Boutle I. A. , de Bruijn C. , Cheng A. , van der Dussen J. , Fletcher J. , Dal Gesso S. , Jam A. , Kawai H. , Cheedela S. K. , Larson V. E. , Lefebvre M.‐P. , Lock A. P. , Meyer N. R. , de Roode S. R. , de Rooy W. , Sandu I. , Xiao H. , Xu K.‐M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResults are presented of the GASS/EUCLIPSE single‐column model intercomparison study on the subtropical marine low‐level cloud transition. A central goal is to establish the performance of state‐of‐the‐art boundary‐layer schemes for weather and climate models for this cloud regime, using large‐eddy simulations of the same scenes as a reference. A novelty is that the comparison covers four different cases instead of one, in order to broaden the covered parameter space. Three cases are situated in the North‐Eastern Pacific, while one reflects conditions in the North‐Eastern Atlantic. A set of variables is considered that reflects key aspects of the transition process, making use of simple metrics to establish the model performance. Using this method, some longstanding problems in low‐level cloud representation are identified. Considerable spread exists among models concerning the cloud amount, its vertical structure, and the associated impact on radiative transfer. The sign and amplitude of these biases differ somewhat per case, depending on how far the transition has progressed. After cloud breakup the ensemble median exhibits the well‐known “too few too bright” problem. The boundary‐layer deepening rate and its state of decoupling are both underestimated, while the representation of the thin capping cloud layer appears complicated by a lack of vertical resolution. Encouragingly, some models are successful in representing the full set of variables, in particular, the vertical structure and diurnal cycle of the cloud layer in transition. An intriguing result is that the median of the model ensemble performs best, inspiring a new approach in subgrid parameterization.
Techniques for Imaging Intercellular Transport
Authors: Oparka Karl , Boevink Petra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMicroinjectionFluorescent Reporter ProteinsRed Fluorescent ProteinsBiolistic BombardmentViral VectorsTissue or Cell‐Specific PromotersPhotoactivatableGFPFluorescence Recovery after PhotobleachingFlAsHandReAsHAblation TechniquesQuantum DotsSummary
Floral Induction
Authors: Tremblay Reynald , Colasanti Joseph 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFloral Transition is Marked by Developmental Phase ChangesFloral Induction is Mediated through Multiple PathwaysPhotoperiodic Floral Induction Provides a Cue to Seasonal ChangesAutonomous PathwayVernalizationHormones and Other FactorsPerspective
The Genetic Control of Flower Size and Shape
Authors: Fulton Lynette , Batoux Martine , Yadav Ram Kishor , Schneitz Kay 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFlower Primordium OutgrowthRegulating Flower Meristem SizeEarly Control of Organogenesis in the FlowerGenerating Organ BoundariesFloral Organ SizeFlower Shape and SymmetryDorsoventral SymmetryOutlook: to Boldly go Where no One has Gone Before …Acknowledgements
Robust output tracking of uncertain nonlinear time‐delay systems with unknown dead‐zone inputs via control schemes with a simple structure
Authors: Wu Hansheng 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe adaptive robust output tracking control problem is considered for a class of uncertain nonlinear time‐delay systems with completely unknown dead‐zone inputs. A new design method is proposed so that some adaptive robust output tracking control schemes with a rather simple structure can be constructed. It is not necessary to know the nonlinear upper bound functions of uncertain nonlinearities. In fact, the constructed output tracking control schemes are structurally linear in the state and have a self‐tuning control gain function that is updated by an adaptation law. In this paper, the dead‐zone input is nonsymmetric, and its information is assumed to be completely unknown. In addition, a numerical example is given to describe the design procedure of the presented method, and the simulations of this numerical example are implemented to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Confinement of Long‐Lived Triplet Excitons in Organic Semiconducting Host–Guest Systems
Authors: Notsuka Naoto , Kabe Ryota , Goushi Kenichi , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLong‐lived triplet excitons on organic molecules easily deactivate at room temperature because of the presence of thermally activated nonradiative pathways. This study demonstrates long‐lived phosphorescence at room temperature resulting from suppression of the nonradiative deactivation of triplet excitons in conventional organic semiconducting host–guest systems. The nonradiative deactivation pathway strongly depends on the triplet energy gap between the guest emitting molecules and the host matrices. The triplet energy gap required to confine the long‐lived triplet excitons (≈0.5 eV) is much larger than that of conventional host–guest systems for phosphorescent emitters. By effectively confining the triplet excitons, this study demonstrates long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence under optical and electrical excitation.
Gecko‐Gaskets for Multilayer, Complex, and Stretchable Liquid Metal Microwave Circuits and Antennas
Authors: Zandvakili Mersedeh , Honari Mohammad Mahdi , Mousavi Pedram , Sameoto Dan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper describes a reliable, repeatable, and cost effective solution for fabrication of complex mechanically reconfigurable microfluidic devices for soft electronics. The devices are made of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) in styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene thermoplastic elastomer with gecko‐adhesive based bonding which both aids in sealing thin channels and directing flow of high surface energy metal into small channels in a repeatable process. Selective filling of complex microfluidic structures is achieved by controlled advancement of EGaIn‐air interface using optimized hydrophobic valves. These valves are designed based on EGaIn's critical Laplace pressure to fabricate variable aspect ratio and multilayer features or designs with multiple branches and arrays of isolated elements. As a proof of concept, different antennas (bow‐tie, folded and multilayer dipoles, and microstrip patch antennas) and a hybrid power divider are fabricated with total device thicknesses less than 600 µm. These devices can conform to complex surfaces for applications like body worn sensors, and can be stretched or bent to change their electromagnetic properties such as center frequency, bandwidth, and impedance matching.
Comparison of Online and Classroom‐based Formats for Teaching Emergency Medicine to Medical Students in Uganda
Authors: Mahadevan Swaminatha V. , Walker Rebecca , Kalanzi Joseph , Stone Luggya Tonny , Bills Corey , Acker Peter , Apfeld Jordan C. , Newberry Jennifer , Becker Joseph , Mantha Aditya , Tecklenburg Strehlow Anne N. , Strehlow Matthew C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesSevere global shortages in the health care workforce sector have made improving access to essential emergency care challenging. The paucity of trained specialists in low‐ and middle‐income countries translates to large swathes of the population receiving inadequate care. Efforts to expand emergency medicine (EM) education are similarly impeded by a lack of available and appropriate teaching faculty. The development of comprehensive, online medical education courses offers a potentially economical, scalable, and lasting solution for universities experiencing professional shortages.MethodsAn EM course addressing core concepts and patient management was developed for medical students enrolled at Makerere University College of Health Sciences in Kampala, Uganda. Material was presented to students in two comparable formats: online video modules and traditional classroom‐based lectures. Following completion of the course, students were assessed for knowledge gains.ResultsForty‐two and 48 students enrolled and completed all testing in the online and classroom courses, respectively. Student knowledge gains were equivalent (classroom 25 ± 8.7% vs. online 23 ± 6.5%, p = 0.18), regardless of the method of course delivery.ConclusionsA summative evaluation of Ugandan medical students demonstrated that online teaching modules are effectively equivalent and offer a viable alternative to traditional classroom‐based lectures delivered by on‐site, visiting faculty in their efficacy to teach expertise in EM. Web‐based curriculum can help alleviate the burden on universities in developing nations struggling with a critical shortage of health care educators while simultaneously satisfying the growing community demand for access to emergency medical care. Future studies assessing the long‐term retention of course material could gauge its incorporation into clinical practice.
Occupation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Minsk tractor plant workers
Authors: Vinnikov Denis , Semizhon Sergey , Rybina Tatsyana , Savich Ludmila , Scherbitsky Vicktor , Manichev Igor 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to measure the association of exposure to dust at workplace with COPD using objective methods of exposure and outcome classification.MethodsForced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%; FVC below LLN, and FEV1 below LLN from the annual screening of Minsk Tractor Plant workers (N = 458) were tested for predictors in an adjusted logistic regression model.ResultsIn a regression model, adjusted for pack‐years of smoking, age, sex, and work duration, work in highly exposed workplaces was associated with FEV1/FVC<70% (odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16;3.83); and FEV1<LLN (OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.18;4.25)). Given the fraction of workers exposed 0.20, population attributable fraction (PAF%) of COPD due to dust exposure was 18%.ConclusionsWorkers in highly exposed to dust workplaces had double odds of developing COPD.
Enhanced Intrinsic Voltage Gain in Artificially Stacked Bilayer CVD Graphene Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Pandey Himadri , Aguirre‐Morales Jorge‐Daniel , Kataria Satender , Fregonese Sebastien , Passi Vikram , Iannazzo Mario , Zimmer Thomas , Alarcon Eduard , Lemme Max C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report on electronic transport in dual‐gate, artificially stacked bilayer graphene field effect transistors (BiGFETs) fabricated from large‐area chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene. The devices show enhanced tendency to current saturation, which leads to reduced minimum output conductance values. This results in improved intrinsic voltage gain of the devices when compared to monolayer graphene FETs. We employ a physics based compact model originally developed for Bernal stacked bilayer graphene FETs (BSBGFETs) to explore the observed phenomenon. The improvement in current saturation may be attributed to increased charge carrier density in the channel and thus reduced saturation velocity due to carrier‐carrier scattering.
High‐Temperature Formation of a Functional Film at the Cathode/Electrolyte Interface in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: An In Situ AFM Study
Authors: Lang Shuang‐Yan , Shi Yang , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wen Rui , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been attracting wide attention for their promising high specific capacity. A deep understanding of Li–S interfacial mechanism including the temperature (T) effect is required to meet the demands for battery modification and systematic study. Herein, the interfacial behavior during discharge/charge is investigated at high temperature (HT) of 60 °C in an electrolyte based on lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI). By in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic evolution of insoluble Li2S2 and Li2S is studied at the nanoscale. An in situ formed functional film can be directly monitored at 60 °C after Li2S nucleation. It retards side reactions and facilitates interfacial redox. The insight into the interfacial processes at HT provides direct evidence of the existence of the film and reveals its dynamic behavior, providing a new avenue for electrolyte design and performance enhancement.
A selective and sensitive fluorescent sensor for cysteine detection based on bi‐8‐carboxamidoquinoline derivative and Cu2+ complex
Authors: Chai Guoping , Liu Qingwen , Fei Qiang , Zhang Jinling , Sun Xiaoxiao , Shan Hongyan , Feng Guodong , Huan Yanfu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a novel fluorescent sensor 1 for selective and sensitive detection of cysteine was developed based on a complex between bi‐8‐carboxamidoquinoline derivative ligand (L) and Cu2+. The interaction of Cu2+ with the ligand causes a dramatic fluorescence quenching most likely due to its high affinity towards Cu2+ and a ligand–metal charge transfer (LMCT) process. The in situ generated L–Cu2 complex was utilized as a chemosensing ensemble for cysteine. In the presence of cysteine, the fluorophore, L, was released from L–Cu2 complex because of the strong affinity of cysteine to Cu2+ via the Cu–S bond, leading to the fluorescence recovery of the ligand. The proposed displacement mechanism was confirmed by the results of mass spectrometry (MS) study. Under optimized conditions, the recovered fluorescence intensity is linear with cysteine concentrations in the range 1 × 10−6 mol/l to 8 × 10−6 mol/l. The detection limit for cysteine is 1.92 × 10−7 mol/l. Furthermore, the established method showed a highly sensitive and selective response to cysteine among the 20 fundamental α‐amino acids used as the building blocks of proteins, after Ni2+ was used as a masking agent to eliminate the interference of His. The proposed sensor is applicable in monitoring cysteine in practical samples with good recovery rate.
Outcome after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch–anal anastomosis in children and adults
Authors: Diederen K , Sahami S S , Tabbers M M , Benninga M A , Kindermann A , Tanis P J , Oomen M W , de Jong J R , Bemelman W A 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Studies comparing the outcome of ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) in children and adults are scarce. This complicates decision-making in young patients. The aim of this study was to compare adverse events and pouch function between children and adults who underwent IPAA.

Methods
This cross-sectional cohort study included all consecutive children (aged less than 18 years) and adults with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or familial adenomatous polyposis who underwent IPAA in a tertiary referral centre between 2000 and 2015. Adverse events were assessed by chart review, and pouch function by interview using a pouch function score (PFS).

Results
In total, 445 patients underwent IPAA: 41 children (median age 15 years) and 404 adults (median age 39 years), with a median follow-up of 22 (i.q.r. 8–68) months. Being overweight (P = 0·001), previous abdominal surgery (P = 0·018), open procedures (P &lt; 0·001) and defunctioning ileostomy (P = 0·014) were less common among children than adult patients. The occurrence of anastomotic leakage, surgical fistulas, chronic pouchitis and Crohn's of the pouch was not associated with paediatric age at surgery, nor was pouch failure. The development of anastomotic strictures was associated with having IPAA surgery during childhood (odds ratio 4·22, 95 per cent c.i. 1·13 to 15·77; P = 0·032). Pouch function at last follow-up was similar in the children and adult groups (median PFS 5·0 versus 6·0 respectively; P = 0·194).

Conclusion
Long-term pouch failure rates and pouch function were similar in children and adults. There is no need for a more cautious attitude to use of IPAA in children based on concerns about poor outcome.
Sex hormones and brain volumes in a longitudinal study of middle‐aged men in the CARDIA study
Authors: Elbejjani Martine , Schreiner Pamela J. , Siscovick David S. , Sidney Stephen , Lewis Cora E. , Bryan Nick R. , Launer Lenore J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionSeveral findings suggest that testosterone (T) is neuroprotective and that declining T levels during aging are associated with cognitive and brain pathologies; however, little is known on T and brain health in middle‐age. We examined the relationships of total T, bioavailable T, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels with total and regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in middle‐aged men. We also evaluated the association of sex hormone levels with cognitive function.MethodsAnalysis included 267 community‐dwelling men participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) substudy. Total T, bioavailable T, and SHBG levels were measured at three times from the 2nd to 4th decade of life; brain volumes were measured at the ages of 42–56. Associations were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for several potential confounders.ResultsHigher SHBG levels were associated with greater total WM volume (+3.15 cm3 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 6.28] per one standard deviation higher SHBG). Higher SHBG levels were associated with lower total and regional GM volumes overall and significantly with smaller parietal GM volume (−0.96 cm3 [95%CI = −1.71, −0.21]). T levels were not related to brain volumes. Neither T nor SHBG levels were associated with cognitive function.ConclusionResults suggest a role for SHBG in structural brain outcomes in men and emphasize the value of investigating SHBG levels as modulators of sex hormone and metabolic pathways regulating brain and behavioral characteristics in men.
Hydrothermally Stable Ruthenium–Zirconium–Tungsten Catalyst for Cellulose Hydrogenolysis to Polyols
Authors: Lucas Martin , Fabičovicová Katarina , Claus Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, we describe a catalytic material based on a zirconium–tungsten oxide with ruthenium for the hydrogenolysis of microcrystalline cellulose under hydrothermal conditions. With these catalysts, polyols can be produced with high yields. High and stable polyol yields were also achieved in recycling tests. A catalyst with 4.5 wt % ruthenium in total achieved a carbon efficiency of almost 100 %. The prepared Zr‐W oxide is mesoporous and largely stable under hydrothermal conditions (493 K and 65 bar hydrogen). Decomposition into the components ZrO2 and WO3 could be observed at temperatures of 1050 K in air.
Moïse Haïssinsky: The Discoverer of Underpotential Deposition
Authors: Scholz Fritz , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderpotential deposition (upd) is a highly important topic within electrochemistry. Its discovery and early development are tightly connected with the rise of radiochemistry at the beginning of the last century and the nuclear weapon and atomic energy programs during and after World War II. Only later it reached fundamental electrochemistry in civil research institutes. Moïse Haïssinsky played a key role in discovering upd, when he worked at “L'Institut du Radium” in Paris, starting under the directorship of Marie Skłodowska‐Curie. Among all of the scientists who have to be named in a history of upd, Moïse Haïssinsky is the least well known, because his research was later almost entirely in the field of radiochemistry. In this paper, he is remembered for his contributions to electrochemistry and his life is described in more detail.
Hybridized 1T/2H MoS2 Having Controlled 1T Concentrations and its use in Supercapacitors
Authors: Thi Xuyen Nguyen , Ting Jyh‐Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflowers consisting of hybridized 1T/2H phases have been synthesized by using a microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MTH) method. The concentration of the 1T phase, ranging from 40 % to 73 %, is controlled by simply adjusting the ratio of the Mo and S precursors. By using the hybridized 1T/2H MoS2 as an electrode material, it was demonstrated that the resulting supercapacitor performance is dominated by the 1T phase concentration. It was found that a supercapacitor with 73 % 1T phase exhibits excellent capacitance of 259 F g−1 and great cyclic stability after 1000 cycles. The formation mechanism of the MHT‐synthesized hybridized 1T/2H MoS2 is also reported. More importantly, the mechanism also explains the observed relationship between the 1T phase concentration and the ratio of the Mo and S precursors.