bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Contributions Of The Nurse In The Prevention Of Sepsis In The Unit Of Intensive Therapy: Integrative Review
Authors: Morais Venancio Alana , Morais Venancio Aline , Da Costa Facundo Maria Andreia , Pereira Tavares Alcântara Patrícia , Lopes Moreira Maria Regilânia , De Sá Barreto Marinho Mirna Neyara Alexandre , Germane Alves Pinto Antônio , Gonçalves de Oliveira Leilane , Alves Bezerra Ana Adilia , Leandro Almeida Kele , Gomes Ferreira Atayane , Leite Dantas Maria Natália , Bezerra Cordeiro Tiago Laio , Silva de Melo Maria Elaine , Lobo Gurgel Evelyne 
Published: February 2017

Sepsis is defined as a syndrome of inflammatory response, motivated by an aggressive agent, associated with systemic infection, the early approach of the infectious agent, both in the direction of diagnosis and in the control of infectious focus, are fundamental for the good evolution of the patient. This pathology has been considered a global health problem, affecting a large number of people and causing high rates of morbidity and mortality.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate how nurses contribute in an educational way in the prevention of complications caused by sepsis in an intensive care unit.
METHOD: The research was carried out through an electronic search of scientific papers published in the databases LILACS, SCIELO and PUBMED, portal of the virtual library in health. Other materials were located in scientific journals available on university websites and articles related to the subject. The initial evaluation of the material occurred through the reading of the abstracts, in order to select those that met the objectives of the study, with this, 37 articles were selected. In carrying out the research it was possible to verify that the recognition of sepsis by nursing professionals is mainly identified through the changes in the signs and symptoms that are observed through the provision of care to these critical patients.
RESULTS: It has been shown that even with all the advances in the production of knowledge about the pathophysiology and the treatment of sepsis, it is still possible to find several difficulties for the proper handling in the diagnosis and in the ideal treatment for each particular case.
CONCLUSION: The professional nurse should always be updating and seeking new knowledge for a fast, safe and effective action, in conjunction with the entire health team to promote quality and resolutive care for the patient, especially those affected by sepsis.
Performance Of Nurses In Radiotherapy Services
Authors: Rodrigues de Souza Nauã , Ramos Vieira Santos Isabel Cristina , Bushatsky Magaly , De Aquino Freire Daniela , Thamires da Silva Melo Jessica , Guilherme de Figueiredo Eudanusia , De Oliveira Souza Marcos Antônio , Silva dos Santos Carmina 
Published: February 2017

Objective: This study aimed to know the performance of nurses in radiotherapy services.
Methods and Results: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed from June to July 2015. The study sample was composed of eight nurses. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire, analyzed through descriptive statistics. It was verified that nurses are not only restricted to care, buy they work in the supervision of the nursing team, monitor the work process, elaborate the action plan, select materials and equipment, schedule the consultations. In addition, it was possible to observe the importance of the nursing consultation for the individualization of the care and effectiveness of the treatment for the patient.
Conclusion: It is observed that for a good progress of the radiotherapy service, there is a need for a trained nursing team with conditions to deal with the complexity and requirements that this modality of treatment demands.
Keywords: Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Nursing; Nursing Care.
Nursing Professional’s Working Load Given To The Elderly At The Intensive Unit Care
Authors: De Lima Alves Karoline , Rocha Rodrigues Alves Mônica , Cartaxo Pires de Sá Célia Maria , Alves Xavier Junior José , Da Cunha Barros Kilma , Rocha Rodrigues Alves Larissa Maria , Rocha Rodrigues Alves Mateus , Araujo da Cunha Bezerril Janaina , Barboza Cartaxo Pires de Sá Romeika , Pires de Sá Leite Rafaela , Albuquerque de Freitas Luciano Igor , Silva de Oliveira Cabral Simone Rose , Mendonça Evangelista Katiany 
Published: February 2017

The natural aging process accelerate the appearance and the installation of diseases and symptoms characteristic of the age in which the physical and cognitive aspects are compromised progressively. Increasing the necessity of specialized cares and intensive accompaniment. This study aimed to evaluate through the Nursing Activities Score appliance, the nursing team’s working load, destined to elderly people assisted at intensive unit care and subsidize the personal sizing according to what advocate the legislation. It is about a descriptive and documental study of quantitative approach. It was used as data basis 50 patient records of elderly users admitted at a public intensive unit care from João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. It was determined that 56% (28) of the elderly in his first hospitalization day at the Intensive Unit Care, required a nursing high working load while 44% (42) a nursing low working load.
Through the sum of the Nursing Activities Score average score, we can achieve the total of hours at the nursing assistance necessaries to the elderly patient care during the hospitalization. The average scores obtained by the total score, corresponded to 59.2 ± 7.8, transforming in hours according to the conducted calculus, correspond to 14.47 hours of nursing assistance turned to the elderly people. It is waited that the results can contribute to quantify the expended assistance time and also evidence the real necessity of the people to ensure safe and quality assistance practices to the elderly people.
Descriptors: Workload. Nursing. Aged. Intensive Care Units.
Nursing Professionals And Occupational Accidents
Authors: De Fátima da Silva Aquino Camila , Mendonça Rezende Chaves Laura Cristhiane , Caxias de Souza Maurício , De Cássia Tavares da Fonsêca Leila , Silva Holmes Ericka , Alves de Carvalho Michelle , Pinheiro Cabral Ijaly Patrícia , Fonseca Anízio Brígida Karla , Ferreira de Carvalho Marta , De Medeiros Maia Xavier Erika , Kafran França de Vasconcelos Kamilla , Da Silva Rocha Santos Jeane , Da Costa Santos Pessoa Juliana , Santos Iolanda Beserra da Costa , Dos Santos Oliveira Jacira , Lopes de Oliveira Sousa Marcos Antonio , Araújo Milca Correia Marinho de 
Published: February 2017

The current study has the objective to identify main work accidents that occurs with nursing workers. This is an integrative literature review that enabled to include scientific articles indexed in the databases of Virtual Library in Health (BVS). Searches were made from october to november 2016, using the descriptors: “work accidents”, “nursing professionals”, separated between themselves by the boolean operator AND.
The following criteria were adopted: fully available articles, in portuguese language, published in the last five years. Articles that presented some duplicity and didn’t meet the proposed study objectives were excluded.
After searches, ten scientific productions about the subject were selected. Results indicate the occurrence of accidents between nursing professionals and the main factors were related with sharp object handling, non-utilization of IPEs, excessive workload and needle resurfacing.
It is concluded that strategies are required to minimize these occurrences, as the adoption of standard precautionary measures, the adequacy of staff numbers and better work conditions to this professional category. Besides that, the need of new researches about this subject are emphasized.
How to COAAD Images. I. Optimal Source Detection and Photometry of Point Sources Using Ensembles of Images
Authors: Zackay Barak , Ofek Eran O. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Stacks of digital astronomical images are combined in order to increase image depth. The variable seeing conditions, sky background, and transparency of ground-based observations make the coaddition process nontrivial. We present image coaddition methods that maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and optimized for source detection and flux measurement. We show that for these purposes, the best way to combine images is to apply a matched filter to each image using its own point-spread function (PSF) and only then to sum the images with the appropriate weights. Methods that either match the filter after coaddition or perform PSF homogenization prior to coaddition will result in loss of sensitivity. We argue that our method provides an increase of between a few and 25% in the survey speed of deep ground-based imaging surveys compared with weighted coaddition techniques. We demonstrate this claim using simulated data as well as data from the Palomar Transient Factory data release 2. We present a variant of this coaddition method, which is optimal for PSF or aperture photometry. We also provide an analytic formula for calculating the S/N for PSF photometry on single or multiple observations. In the next paper in this series, we present a method for image coaddition in the limit of background-dominated noise, which is optimal for any statistical test or measurement on the constant-in-time image (e.g., source detection, shape or flux measurement, or star–galaxy separation), making the original data redundant. We provide an implementation of these algorithms in MATLAB.
The PAH Emission Characteristics of the Reflection Nebula NGC 2023
Authors: Peeters Els , Bauschlicher Charles W. , Allamandola Louis J. , Tielens Alexander G. G. M. , Ricca Alessandra , Wolfire Mark G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present 5–20 μm spectral maps of the reflection nebula NGC 2023 obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph SL and SH modes on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, which reveal emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), C60, and H2 superposed on a dust continuum. We show that several PAH emission bands correlate with each other and exhibit distinct spatial distributions that reveal a spatial sequence with distance from the illuminating star. We explore the distinct morphology of the 6.2, 7.7, and 8.6 μm PAH bands and find that at least two spatially distinct components contribute to the 7–9 μm PAH emission in NGC 2023. We report that the PAH features behave independently of the underlying plateaus. We present spectra of compact, oval PAHs ranging in size from C66 to C210, determined computationally using density functional theory, and we investigate trends in the band positions and relative intensities as a function of PAH size, charge, and geometry. Based on the NASA Ames PAH database, we discuss the 7–9 μm components in terms of band assignments and relative intensities. We assign the plateau emission to very small grains with possible contributions from PAH clusters and identify components in the 7–9 μm emission that likely originate in these structures. Based on the assignments and the observed spatial sequence, we discuss the photochemical evolution of the interstellar PAH family as the PAHs are more and more exposed to the radiation field of the central star in the evaporative flows associated with the Photo-Dissociation Regions in NGC 2023.
Placing the Spotted T Tauri Star LkCa 4 on an HR Diagram
Authors: Gully-Santiago Michael A. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Czekala Ian , Somers Garrett , Grankin Konstantin , Covey Kevin R. , Donati J. F. , Alencar Silvia H. P. , Hussain Gaitee A. J. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Mace Gregory N. , Lee Jae-Joon , Holoien T. W.-S. , Jose Jessy , Liu Chun-Fan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Ages and masses of young stars are often estimated by comparing their luminosities and effective temperatures to pre-main-sequence stellar evolution tracks, but magnetic fields and starspots complicate both the observations and evolution. To understand their influence, we study the heavily spotted weak-lined T-Tauri star LkCa 4 by searching for spectral signatures of radiation originating from the starspot or starspot groups. We introduce a new methodology for constraining both the starspot filling factor and the spot temperature by fitting two-temperature stellar atmosphere models constructed from Phoenix synthetic spectra to a high-resolution near-IR IGRINS spectrum. Clearly discernable spectral features arise from both a hot photospheric component

∼ 4100 K and a cool component

∼ 2700–3000 K, which covers ∼80% of the visible surface. This mix of hot and cool emission is supported by analyses of the spectral energy distribution, rotational modulation of colors and of TiO band strengths, and features in low-resolution optical/near-IR spectroscopy. Although the revised effective temperature and luminosity make LkCa 4 appear to be much younger and of much lower mass than previous estimates from unspotted stellar evolution models, appropriate estimates will require the production and adoption of spotted evolutionary models. Biases from starspots likely afflict most fully convective young stars and contribute to uncertainties in ages and age spreads of open clusters. In some spectral regions, starspots act as a featureless “veiling” continuum owing to high rotational broadening and heavy line blanketing in cool star spectra. Some evidence is also found for an anticorrelation between the velocities of the warm and cool components.
Detection of Time Lags between Quasar Continuum Emission Bands Based On Pan-STARRS Light Curves
Authors: Jiang (姜燕飞) Yan-Fei , Green Paul J. , Greene Jenny E. , Morganson Eric , Shen Yue , Pancoast Anna , MacLeod Chelsea L. , Anderson Scott F. , Brandt W. N. , Grier C. J. , Rix H.-W. , Ruan John J. , Protopapas Pavlos , Scott Caroline , Burgett W. S. , Hodapp K. W. , Huber M. E. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R. P. , Magnier E. A. , Metcalfe N. , Tonry J. T. , Wainscoat R. J. , Waters C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We study the time lags between the continuum emission of quasars at different wavelengths, based on more than four years of multi-band (g, r, i, z) light curves in the Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Fields. As photons from different bands emerge from different radial ranges in the accretion disk, the lags constrain the sizes of the accretion disks. We select 240 quasars with redshifts of z ≈ 1 or z ≈ 0.3 that are relatively emission-line free. The light curves are sampled from day to month timescales, which makes it possible to detect lags on the scale of the light crossing time of the accretion disks. With the code JAVELIN, we detect typical lags of several days in the rest frame between the g band and the riz bands. The detected lags are ∼2–3 times larger than the light crossing time estimated from the standard thin disk model, consistent with the recently measured lag in NGC 5548 and microlensing measurements of quasars. The lags in our sample are found to increase with increasing luminosity. Furthermore, the increase in lags going from g − r to g − i and then to g − z is slower than predicted in the thin disk model, particularly for high-luminosity quasars. The radial temperature profile in the disk must be different from what is assumed. We also find evidence that the lags decrease with increasing line ratios between ultraviolet Fe ii lines and Mg ii, which may point to changes in the accretion disk structure at higher metallicity.
Sédation et directives anticipées, quelles modifications ?
Authors: Poisson Dominique , Bouleuc Carole , Beaufils François 
Published: February 2017

Cet article présente les décrets d’application de la loi dite « Claeys-Leonetti ». Les médecins, les étudiants en médecine et plus largement les soignants et les proches des malades pourront utilement s’y référer lors de situations de fin de vie.
Los iWatch: el intenso flujo de microformatos de “periodismo de un vistazo” alimentan seis de los principales medios online
Authors: Silva-Rodríguez Alba , López-García Xosé , Toural-Bran Carlos 
Published: February 2017

Los medios digitales han tenido que adaptarse en los últimos años a numerosos cambios que afectan tanto a la producción como a la recepción de contenidos. Los wearables o dispositivos que llevamos con nosotros, especialmente los relojes inteligentes, pueden ofrecer una opción interesante para la difusión de productos periodísticos. Objetivo y metodología. Para estudiar las tendencias en la producción de contenidos para iWatch se ha partido de una metodología cuantitativa basada en analizar las apps para el reloj inteligente de Apple de un total de quince cibermedios de comunicación informativos de carácter generalista y de publicación diaria, con matriz impresa. Resultados. Los resultados indican que el soporte exige renovadas narrativas y los medios online todavía disponen de modelos muy primarios para afrontar los nuevos desafíos informativos de la ubicuidad. Discusión y conclusiones. Explotar la personalización, los audios o la customización son algunos de los retos a los que editores y periodistas tendrán que hacer frente en el contexto periodístico actual.
FORMULATION OF SEDIMENTS WITH CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL LOTIC SYSTEMS FOR USE IN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSAYS
Authors: Arine Ana Lúcia Fermino de Oliveira , Fracácio Renata 
Published: February 2017

Investigation of the dynamics and toxicity of pollutants in natural sediments
is hindered by the great complexity of their matrix. Given this difficulty, the
objective of this paper was to recommend the formulation of sediments
representative of tropical lotic environments, considering their use
in ecotoxicological assays. Organic and inorganic fractions were used in
different percentages, resulting in five sediment formulations with different
grain size proportions (fine, medium and coarse sand, and clay). Measured
dissolved oxygen and hardness values were suitable for ecotoxicological
assays; however, regarding pH values, only formulations with lower levels of
organic matter provided suitable water quality for this purpose (between 6.3
and 7.3), for up to 10 days. These formulations were tested using
Hyalella azteca, which confirmed their suitability for use in toxicological tests, since
no lethal effects were observed and there were no significant changes in
terms of growth and reproduction of the organisms.
Prologue: The IALS Law Reform Project
Authors: Teasdale Jonathan 
Published: February 2017

Prologue: The IALS Law Reform Project
Law, particularly enacted law, needs to be as simple and as accessible as possible, clear and concise and – perhaps above all – fit for the purposes of modern society. Laws passed in one decade may prove to be less than adequate for the needs of later generations because of changes in the social fabric or social mores or because of technological advance or economic challenge. Societies needs mechanisms for keeping law under review, particularly when governments are focused on introducing more law – sometimes layered on top of existing law – to fulfil electoral promises. The position is compounded in common law systems where the senior judiciary add to the legal corpus.Different jurisdictions have differing needs. The IALS Law Reform Project (at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London) has set itself the task of identifying the range of law reform mechanisms employed across the common law and civil law worlds with a view to establishing which of the components are core, and identifying others which could be improved. The starting point, of course, is: what is law reform? Are reform and revision the same? Does reform need to be legislative? Why does codification work in civil law jurisdictions but is eschewed in parts of the common law world? This is about the processes of law reform; substantive reform is for another day.
The Italian ‘Legislation-Cutting’ Tool
Authors: Pacini Fabio 
Published: February 2017

The Italian ‘Legislation-Cutting’ Tool
The article offers an overview of the most ambitious operation of law revision ever attempted in Italy, retracing its phases in order to give an overview of some of the major constitutional questions it raised. The article will focus, in particular, on principles and criteria of the delegation to the Government – which represented the core of the entire operation – as well as on the use of emergency instruments for the same purpose. Two examples of errors or political use of law revision will also be analyzed.
High performance communication by people with paralysis using an intracortical brain-computer interface
Authors: Pandarinath Chethan , Nuyujukian Paul , Blabe Christine H , Sorice Brittany L , Saab Jad , Willett Francis R , Hochberg Leigh R , Shenoy Krishna V , Henderson Jaimie M 
Published: February 2017

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to restore communication for people with tetraplegia and anarthria by translating neural activity into control signals for assistive communication devices. While previous pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated promising proofs-of-concept (Serruya et al., 2002; Simeral et al., 2011; Bacher et al., 2015; Nuyujukian et al., 2015; Aflalo et al., 2015; Gilja et al., 2015; Jarosiewicz et al., 2015; Wolpaw et al., 1998; Hwang et al., 2012; Spüler et al., 2012; Leuthardt et al., 2004; Taylor et al., 2002; Schalk et al., 2008; Moran, 2010; Brunner et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013; Townsend and Platsko, 2016; Vansteensel et al., 2016; Nuyujukian et al., 2016; Carmena et al., 2003; Musallam et al., 2004; Santhanam et al., 2006; Hochberg et al., 2006; Ganguly et al., 2011; O’Doherty et al., 2011; Gilja et al., 2012), the performance of human clinical BCI systems is not yet high enough to support widespread adoption by people with physical limitations of speech. Here we report a high-performance intracortical BCI (iBCI) for communication, which was tested by three clinical trial participants with paralysis. The system leveraged advances in decoder design developed in prior pre-clinical and clinical studies (Gilja et al., 2015; Kao et al., 2016; Gilja et al., 2012). For all three participants, performance exceeded previous iBCIs (Bacher et al., 2015; Jarosiewicz et al., 2015) as measured by typing rate (by a factor of 1.4–4.2) and information throughput (by a factor of 2.2–4.0). This high level of performance demonstrates the potential utility of iBCIs as powerful assistive communication devices for people with limited motor function.Clinical Trial No: NCT00912041
Integral cross sections of the dipole‐allowed excitations of nitrogen molecule studied by the fast electron scattering
Authors: Liu Ya‐Wei , Xu Long‐Quan , Ni Dong‐Dong , Xu Xin , Huang Xin‐Chao , Zhu Lin‐Fan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe integral cross sections (ICSs) of the electron scattering of nitrogen molecule are of great importance to the understanding of many different aspects of atmospheric physics. In the present work, the generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) of the valence shell excitations of
,
,
,
, and
of nitrogen have been determined by fast electron scattering at an incident electron energy of 1500 eV and an energy resolution of 70 meV. By cross‐checking strictly the present results with the previous electron scattering and inelastic X‐ray scattering (IXS) ones, the accuracy and reliability of the GOSs for the corresponding dipole‐allowed transitions of nitrogen are tested stringently. Based on the accurate GOSs of these dipole‐allowed transitions, their ICSs are obtained systematically from the threshold to 5000 eV for the first time with the aid of the BE‐Scaling (B is the binding energy and E is the excitation energy) method, and the corresponding ICSs at the moderate and high energies are the only available data to the best of our knowledge.