bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory characteristics of ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation on or off therapeutic warfarin
Authors: Aachi Raghav V. , Birnbaum Lee A. , Topel Christopher H. , Seifi Ali , Hafeez Shaheryar , Behrouz Réza 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundIn patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), despite adequate anticoagulation, ischemic stroke (IS) is an uncommon yet concerning occurrence.HypothesisSpecific laboratory parameters may affect the efficacy of warfarin despite therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) in patient with AF who present with IS.MethodsWe used the database from a multicenter clinical trial to identify AF patients who presented with IS. We trichotomized the cohort into patients with therapeutic INR on warfarin, subtherapeutic INR on warfarin, and on no anticoagulants. We then compared baseline laboratory characteristics and other baseline features among the groups.ResultsPatients with therapeutic INR presented with higher serum creatinine (P = 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.02) and lower glomerular filtration rates (P = 0.001) compared with other groups. Other laboratory parameters were not different among the 3 groups. Patients with therapeutic INR also presented with milder stroke symptoms (P = 0.01). Medical history of the 3 groups was not different, except for history of valvular heart disease, which was more prevalent in patients with therapeutic INR (P = 0.004). In‐hospital mortality rates and 90‐day disability were not different among the 3 groups.ConclusionsAF patients who presented with IS on therapeutic warfarin had higher average serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and lower glomerular filtration rates, compared with others. Impaired renal function may be a factor contributing to occurrence of IS in AF patients despite adequate anticoagulation. Larger, targeted studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Most impactful factors on the health‐related quality of life of a geriatric population with cancer
Authors: Pisu Maria , Azuero Andres , Halilova Karina I. , Williams Courtney P. , Kenzik Kelly M. , Kvale Elizabeth A. , Williams Grant R. , Meneses Karen , Sullivan Margaret , Yagnik Supriya Kumar , Goertz Hans‐Peter , Rocque Gabrielle B. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDAs the population of older adults with cancer continues to grow, the most important factors contributing to their health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) remain unclear.METHODSA total of 1457 older adults (aged ≥65 years) with cancer participated in a telephone survey. Outcomes were measured using the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores of the 12‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐12) from the Medical Outcomes Study (version 2). Statistical techniques used to identify factors in 4 domains (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) most strongly associated with HRQOL included linear models, recursive partitioning, and random forests. Models were developed in a training data set (920 respondents) and performance was assessed in a validation data set (537 respondents).RESULTSRespondents were a median of 19 months from diagnosis, and 28.1% were receiving active treatment. The most relevant factors found to be associated with PCS were symptom severity, comorbidity scores, leisure‐time physical activity, and having physical support needs. The most relevant factors for MCS were having emotional support needs, symptom severity score, and the number of financial hardship events. Results were consistent across modeling techniques. Symptoms found to be strongly associated with PCS included fatigue (adjusted proportion of summary score's variance [R2] = 0.34), pain (adjusted R2 = 0.32), disturbed sleep (adjusted R2 = 0.16), and drowsiness (adjusted R2 = 0.16). Symptoms found to be strongly associated with MCS included fatigue (adjusted R2 = 0.23), problems remembering things (adjusted R2 = 0.17), disturbed sleep (adjusted R2 = 0.16), and lack of appetite (adjusted R2 = 0.16).CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study support the importance of addressing persistent symptoms, managing comorbidities, promoting leisure‐time physical activity, and addressing financial challenges. A long‐term comprehensive approach is needed to ensure the well‐being of older adults with cancer. Cancer 2018;124:596‐605. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The Independent Gradient Model: A New Approach for Probing Strong and Weak Interactions in Molecules from Wave Function Calculations
Authors: Lefebvre Corentin , Khartabil Hassan , Boisson Jean‐Charles , Contreras‐García Julia , Piquemal Jean‐Philip , Hénon Eric 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExtraction of the chemical interaction signature from local descriptors based on electron density (ED) is still a fruitful field of development in chemical interpretation. In a previous work that used promolecular ED (frozen ED), the new descriptor,
, was defined. It represents the difference between a virtual upper limit of the ED gradient (
, IGM=independent gradient model) that represents a noninteracting system and the true ED gradient (
). It can be seen as a measure of electron sharing brought by ED contragradience. A compelling feature of this model is to provide an automatic workflow that extracts the signature of interactions between selected groups of atoms. As with the noncovalent interaction (NCI) approach, it provides chemists with a visual understanding of the interactions present in chemical systems.
is achieved simply by using absolute values upon summing the individual gradient contributions that make up the total ED gradient. Hereby, we extend this model to relaxed ED calculated from a wave function. To this end, we formulated gradient‐based partitioning (GBP) to assess the contribution of each orbital to the total ED gradient. We highlight these new possibilities across two prototypical examples of organic chemistry: the unconventional hexamethylbenzene dication, with a hexa‐coordinated carbon atom, and β‐thioaminoacrolein. It will be shown how a bond‐by‐bond picture can be obtained from a wave function, which opens the way to monitor specific interactions along reaction paths.
Past disturbances and intraspecific competition as drivers of spatial pattern in primary spruce forests
Authors: Després T. , Vítková L. , Bače R. , Čada V. , Janda P. , Mikoláš M. , Schurman J. S. , Trotsiuk V. , Svoboda M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe role of density dependence in shaping spatial patterns in tree distributions presumably changes throughout stand development. However, empirical investigations into developmental processes are often limited by a lack of long‐term data on disturbance history, which further limits the ability to assess the role of spatial variation in site conditions (e.g., slope, aspect, mean annual temperature). This study included data from 289 plots within 26 primary forest stands of the Carpathian Mountains; stands were dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) and driven by mixed‐severity disturbance regimes. We assessed spatial patterns in living tree positions, tree diameters, and the relative position of living trees to dead trees. Random forest classification was used to discriminate between disturbance history, tree density, and site conditions and their effects on the observed spatial patterns. At the stand scale, distances between trees of equal diameter were more uniform that expected (tree diameter was showing repulsion), while tree positions and dead trees were mostly distributed randomly. The processes that best explained the spatial patterns were identified as self‐thinning mortality and past disturbances (100–150 yr). This study demonstrated that the plot and stand‐scale spatial patterns resulted from the combination of past disturbances and density‐dependent legacies derived from earlier forest development stages.
Atrioventricular junction ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: positive impact on ventricular arrhythmias, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapies and hospitalizations
Authors: Gasparini Maurizio , Kloppe Axel , Lunati Maurizio , Anselme Frédéric , Landolina Maurizio , Martinez‐Ferrer Jose Bautista , Proclemer Alessandro , Morani Giovanni , Biffi Mauro , Ricci Renato , Rordorf Roberto , Mangoni Lorenza , Manotta Laura , Grammatico Andrea , Leyva Francisco , Boriani Giuseppe 
Published: December 2017

AimsWe sought to determine whether atrioventricular junction ablation (AVJA) in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) and with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) has a positive impact on ICD shocks and hospitalizations compared with rate‐slowing drugs.Methods and resultsThis is a pooled analysis of data from 179 international centres participating in two randomized trials and one prospective observational research. The co‐primary endpoints were all‐cause ICD shocks and all‐cause hospitalizations. Out of 3358 CRT‐ICD patients (2720 male, 66.6 years), 2694 (80%) were in sinus rhythm (SR) and 664 (20%) had permanent AF—262 (8%) treated with AVJA (AF + AVJA) and 402 (12%) treated with rate‐slowing drugs (AF + Drugs). Median follow‐up was 18 months. The mean (95% confidence intervals) annual rate of all‐cause ICD shocks per 100 patient years was 8.0 (5.3–11.9) in AF + AVJA, 43.6 (37.7–50.4) in AF + Drugs, and 34.4 (32.5–36.5) in SR patients, resulting in incidence rate ratio (IRR) reductions of 0.18 (0.10–0.32) for AF + AVJA vs. AF + Drugs (P < 0.001) and 0.48 (0.35–0.66) for AF + AVJA vs. SR (P < 0.001). These reductions were driven by significant reductions in both appropriate ICD shocks [IRR 0.23 (0.13–0.40), P < 0.001, vs. AF + Drugs] and inappropriate ICD shocks [IRR 0.09 (0.04–0.21), P < 0.001, vs. AF + Drugs]. Annual rate of all‐cause hospitalizations was significantly lower in AF + AVJA vs. AF + Drugs [IRR 0.57 (0.41–0.79), P < 0.001] and SR [IRR 0.85 (073–0.98), P = 0.027].ConclusionIn AF patients treated with CRT, AVJA results in a lower incidence and burden of all‐cause, appropriate and inappropriate ICD shocks, as well as to fewer all‐cause and heart failure hospitalizations.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00147290, NCT00617175, NCT01007474.
The microfoundations of subsidiary initiatives: How subsidiary manager activities unlock entrepreneurship
Authors: O'Brien Dónal , Sharkey Scott Pamela , Andersson Ulf , Ambos Tina , Fu Na 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: We use a microfoundations lens to challenge the assumption of a simple relationship between organizational‐level context (subsidiary entrepreneurial orientation) and entrepreneurial outcomes (initiative realization). Drawing on middle manager and subsidiary literature, we argue that the strategic activities of the subsidiary's central actor, the subsidiary CEO (referred to as the subsidiary manager), translates the benefits of subsidiary entrepreneurship for initiative realization. We test this mediating effect of subsidiary manager micro‐level activities on data from 186 individuals. The results of our multilevel mediation analysis show that micro‐activities of subsidiary managers mobilize subsidiary entrepreneurship for initiative realization, “downward” through facilitating subsidiary adaptability and “horizontally” through enabling embeddedness in the local environment. Our findings also challenge the accepted value of “upward” championing alternatives. Revealing the centrality of subsidiary manager activities for unlocking entrepreneurship demonstrates the value of adopting a microfoundations lens for understanding organizational phenomena.Managerial Summary: Multinational companies (MNCs) increasingly expect their subsidiary units to contribute through realizing initiatives, such as new product, service, or process designs. Such outcomes are encouraged through a supporting organizational context for entrepreneurship. But to understand how an entrepreneurial context translates into realized initiatives demands that we apply a microfoundations lens and consider the activities of the subsidiary's central actor, the subsidiary chief executive officer—referred to as the “subsidiary manager.” The subsidiary manager is responsible for mobilizing the subsidiary to develop relationships to access the knowledge, ideas, and opportunities implicit in the initiative process. Revealing the impact of these micro‐activities advances our understanding of how to liberate the benefits of entrepreneurship for realizing initiatives. This study offers key insights for both subsidiary managers and headquarters.
The asymmetric effect of institutional distance on international location: Family versus nonfamily firms
Authors: Hernández Virginia , Nieto María Jesús , Boellis Andrea 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: This study examines international location choice by considering the potential effects of institutional distance on the decision comparing family and nonfamily firms. We argue that the magnitude and direction of institutional distance matter and that institutional distance has an asymmetric effect on location choice. However, we argue that family involvement has a moderating effect on this relationship because family firms manage institutional distance differently than nonfamily counterparts. Our results, using a sample of Italian firms (2000–2013), reveal that firms are more likely to choose locations for which the positive institutional distance is greater. Additionally, when compared to nonfamily firms, family firms are more likely to choose locations with greater negative institutional distance and less likely to enter countries with greater positive institutional distance.Managerial Summary: Institutional distance between countries is an important dimension firms take into account when deciding the location of their foreign investments. We show the importance of the magnitude and direction of this distance in choosing the destination country and the different impact that distance has for family firms. Institutional distance has an asymmetric effect on the international location choice. Specifically, greater positive institutional distance makes firms more likely to choose a location; on the contrary, greater negative institutional distance makes the location less attractive. Family firms, however, present some peculiarities that fine‐tune the effect of institutional distance on the location decision. Thus, family firms are more (less) likely to choose locations involving lower (higher) levels of institutional development than their home country compared to nonfamily counterparts.
Resting‐state functional connectivity of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in post‐traumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype
Authors: Rabellino Daniela , Densmore Maria , Harricharan Sherain , Jean Théberge , McKinnon Margaret C. , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST) is a subcortical structure involved in anticipatory and sustained reactivity to threat and is thus essential to the understanding of anxiety and stress responses. Although chronic stress and anxiety represent a hallmark of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to date, few studies have examined the functional connectivity of the BNST in PTSD. Here, we used resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to investigate the functional connectivity of the BNST in PTSD (n = 70), its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS) (n = 41), and healthy controls (n = 50). In comparison to controls, PTSD showed increased functional connectivity of the BNST with regions of the reward system (ventral and dorsal striatum), possibly underlying stress‐induced reward‐seeking behaviors in PTSD. By contrast, comparing PTSD + DS to controls, we observed increased functional connectivity of the BNST with the claustrum, a brain region implicated in consciousness and a primary site of kappa‐opioid receptors, which are critical to the dynorphin‐mediated dysphoric stress response. Moreover, PTSD + DS showed increased functional connectivity of the BNST with brain regions involved in attention and salience detection (anterior insula and caudate nucleus) as compared to PTSD and controls. Finally, BNST functional connectivity positively correlated with default‐mode network regions as a function of state identity dissociation, suggesting a role of BNST networks in the disruption of self‐relevant processing characterizing the dissociative subtype. These findings represent an important first step in elucidating the role of the BNST in aberrant functional networks underlying PTSD and its dissociative subtype.
Functional reorganization of intra‐ and internetwork connectivity in major depressive disorder after electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Wang Jiaojian , Wei Qiang , Wang Lijie , Zhang Hongyu , Bai Tongjian , Cheng Li , Tian Yanghua , Wang Kai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective and rapid treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neurobiological underpinnings of ECT are still largely unknown. Recent studies have identified dysregulated brain networks in MDD. Therefore, we hypothesized that ECT may improve MDD symptoms through reorganizing these networks. To test this hypothesis, we used resting‐state functional connectivity to investigate changes to the intra‐ and internetwork architecture of five reproducible resting‐state networks: the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), executive control network (CON), salience network (SAL), and sensory‐motor network. Twenty‐three MDD patients were assessed before and after ECT, along with 25 sex‐, age‐, and education‐matched healthy controls. At the network level, enhanced intranetwork connectivities were found in the CON in MDD patients after ECT. Furthermore, enhanced internetwork connectivities between the DMN and SAL, and between the CON and DMN, DAN, and SAL were also identified. At the nodal level, the posterior cingulate cortex had increased connections with the left posterior cerebellum, right posterior intraparietal sulcus (rpIPS), and right anterior prefrontal cortex. The rpIPS had increased connections with the medial PFC (mPFC) and left anterior cingulate cortex. The left lateral parietal had increased connections with the dorsal mPFC (dmPFC), left anterior prefrontal cortex, and right anterior cingulate cortex. The dmPFC had increased connection with the left anterolateral prefrontal cortex. Our findings indicate that enhanced interactions in intra‐ and internetworks may contribute to the ECT response in MDD patients. These findings provide novel and important insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ECT.
The content of hippocampal “replay”
Authors: Pfeiffer Brad E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOne of the most striking features of the hippocampal network is its ability to self‐generate neuronal sequences representing temporally compressed, spatially coherent paths. These brief events, often termed “replay” in the scientific literature, are largely confined to non‐exploratory states such as sleep or quiet rest. Early studies examining the content of replay noted a strong correlation between the encoded spatial information and the animal's prior behavior; thus, replay was initially hypothesized to play a role in memory formation and/or systems‐level consolidation via “off‐line” reactivation of previous experiences. However, recent findings indicate that replay may also serve as a memory retrieval mechanism to guide future behavior or may be an incidental reflection of pre‐existing network assemblies. Here, I will review what is known regarding the content of replay events and their correlation with past and future actions, and I will discuss how this knowledge might inform or constrain models which seek to explain the circuit‐level mechanisms underlying these events and their role in mnemonic processes.
Short circuit: Disaggregation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in HIV‐positive, methamphetamine‐using men who have sex with men
Authors: Carrico Adam W. , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Jones Deborah L. , Kumar Mahendra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined if methamphetamine use alone (METH + HIV−) and methamphetamine use in combination with HIV (METH + HIV+) were associated with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation as well as insulin resistance relative to a nonmethamphetamine‐using, HIV‐negative comparison group (METH‐HIV−).MethodsUsing an intact groups design, serum levels of HPA axis hormones in 46 METH + HIV− and 127 METH + HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM) were compared to 136 METH‐HIV− men.ResultsThere were no group differences in prevailing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cortisol levels, but the association between ACTH and cortisol was moderated by METH + HIV+ group (β = −0.19, p < .05). Compared to METH‐HIV− men, METH + HIV+ MSM displayed 10% higher log10 cortisol levels per standard deviation lower ACTH. Both groups of methamphetamine‐using MSM had lower insulin resistance and greater syndemic burden (i.e., sleep disturbance, severe depression, childhood trauma, and polysubstance use disorder) compared to METH‐HIV− men. However, the disaggregated functional relationship between ACTH and cortisol in METH + HIV+ MSM was independent of these factors.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to characterize the bio‐behavioral pathways that explain dysregulated HPA axis functioning in HIV‐positive, methamphetamine‐using MSM.
Cucurbiturils as Reaction Containers for Photocycloaddition of Olefins
Authors: Pattabiraman Mahesh , Sivaguru Jayaraman , Ramamurthy V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe [2+2] photocycloaddition (PCA [2+2]) of alkenes is one of the most synthetically useful photoreactions. It is a convenient one‐step reaction that is useful for generating substituted cyclobutanes, polymers, and biologically relevant molecules. However, the reaction efficiency is limited by its bimolecular nature requiring encounter between two reactants within the narrow window of excited state lifetime of the photoactive alkene, and competition from the unimolecular photoisomerization. Our groups have utilized macrocyclic cavitands, especially cucurbiturils(CB), to confine two alkene molecules within their cavities and steer them towards a single dimer regio‐ and stereoselectively. Although, primarily the review focuses on photocycloaddition within CBs, such reactions in closely related cavitands such as cyclodextrins (CD) and calixarenes (CA) are also briefly mentioned to provide a comparison with CBs. Studies on photocycloaddition of olefins within CB by other research groups are also briefly highlighted. A mechanistic model, with ability to predict the nature of the dimer product formed within the above reaction containers is included.
CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics for liver diseases
Authors: Aravalli Rajagopal N. , Steer Clifford J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe development of innovative genome editing techniques in recent years has revolutionized the field of biomedicine. Among the novel approaches, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR‐associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9) technology has become the most popular, in part due to its matchless ability to carry out gene editing at the target site with great precision. With considerable successes in animal and preclinical studies, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing has paved the way for its use in human trials, including patients with a variety of liver diseases. Gene editing is a logical therapeutic approach for liver diseases because many metabolic and acquired disorders are caused by mutations within a single gene. In this review, we provide an overview on current and emerging therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver diseases using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.