bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the pain numeric rating scale and the 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 in patients with musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Saltychev Mikhail , Bärlund Esa , Laimi Katri 
Published: October 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between pain severity measured on a numeric rating scale and restrictions of functioning measured with the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0).

Patients and methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 1207 patients with musculoskeletal pain conditions. Correlation was assessed using Spearman’s and Pearson tests.

Results
Although all the Spearman’s rank correlations between WHODAS 2.0 items and pain severity were statistically significant, they were mostly weak, with only a few moderate associations for ‘S2 household responsibilities’, ‘S8 washing’, ‘S9 dressing’, and ‘S12 day-to-day work’. The correlation between the WHODAS 2.0 total score and pain severity was also moderate: 0.41 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36–0.45] for average pain and 0.42 (95% CI: 0.37–0.46) for worst pain. The correlation between the WHODAS 2.0 total score and pain level was also assessed using Pearson’s product–moment correlation, yielding figures that were similar to Spearman’s correlation: 0.42 (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.37–0.46) for average pain and 0.39 (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.34–0.44) for worst pain.

Conclusion
Among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, the correlation between pain severity measured by numeric rating scale and functioning level measured by WHODAS 2.0 was weak to moderate, with slightly stronger associations in physical domains of functioning.
Status of High Body Weight Among Nurse-Family Partnership Children
Authors: Thorland William , Currie Dustin , Colangelo Claire 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
Increased prevalence of high levels of body weight in early childhood has become a public health concern, given its potential association with adult obesity and related comorbidities. Both socioeconomic status and race-ethnicity are related to increased prevalence. The purpose of this study was to identify additional risk factors common to children of low-income families; and to guide quality improvement initiatives within home visiting programs, potentially fostering more desirable physical development outcomes.

Study Design and Methods:
A cohort of children (n = 14,318) of all mothers enrolled in Nurse–Family Partnership between 2007 and 2010 was evaluated. Measures consisted of demographics, health behaviors, and physical growth metrics collected by specially educated nurses during the course of home visits that also delivered the program model. Measures of weight (W) versus length (L) were converted to percentiles using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–World Health Organization norms with high W/L (≥97.7th percentile) defining a binary outcome. Multiple logistic regression modeling was then used to derive risk models for that outcome.

Results:
Across each of the four time points for body measures (child's age 6, 12, 18, and 24 months), race-ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal weight gain, and breastfeeding duration emerged as common risk factors.

Clinical Implications:
Moderation of weight gain during pregnancy, extending breastfeeding duration, and normalization of BMI before subsequent pregnancies may potentially serve as means of lowering the prevalence of high body weight levels in young children of low-income families served by home visitors.
The Postpartum Maternal and Newborn Microbiomes
Authors: Mutic Abby D. , Jordan Sheila , Edwards Sara M. , Ferranti Erin P. , Thul Taylor A. , Yang Irene 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Biological and environmental changes to maternal and newborn microbiomes in the postnatal period can affect health outcomes for the mother–baby dyad. Postpartum sleep deprivation and unmet dietary needs can alter commensal bacteria within the body and disrupt gut-brain communication. Perineal injury and breast infections also change microbial community composition, potentiating an environment favoring pathogen growth. The gut microbiome refers to the collection of microorganisms working in harmony. Disruptions within the gut microbiome and gut-brain communication may lead to postpartum depression, a potentially devastating sequela. Postnatal newborn changes to the gut and skin microbiome materialize quickly after birth and are profoundly influenced by mode of birth, feeding method, and bathing and skin care practices. During the newborn period, infant microbiomes are highly vulnerable and susceptible to multiple influences. Maternal–newborn nurses have a valuable role in helping mothers and newborns promote healthy microbiomes. Factors that influence the rapidly changing postnatal microbiome of the mother and her newborn, and the role nurses have to positively influence immediate and long-term health outcomes are presented.
The Neonatal Microbiome
Authors: Rodriguez Jeannie , Jordan Sheila , Mutic Abby , Thul Taylor 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Nursing care of the neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is complex, due in large part to various physiological challenges. A newer and less well-known physiological consideration is the neonatal microbiome, the community of microorganisms, both helpful and harmful, that inhabit the human body. The neonatal microbiome is influenced by the maternal microbiome, mode of infant birth, and various aspects of NICU care such as feeding choice and use of antibiotics. The composition and diversity of the microbiome is thought to influence key health outcomes including development of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, altered physical growth, and poor neurodevelopment. Nurses in the NICU play a key role in managing care that can positively influence the microbiome to promote more optimal health outcomes in this vulnerable population of newborns.
Clinical Effectiveness and Cost of a Hospital-Based Fall Prevention Intervention
Authors: Nuckols Teryl K. , Needleman Jack , Grogan Tristan R. , Liang Li-Jung , Worobel-Luk Pamela , Anderson Laura , Czypinski Linda , Coles Courtney , Walsh Catherine M. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and incremental net cost of a fall prevention intervention that involved hourly rounding by RNs at 2 hospitals.

BACKGROUND
Minimizing in-hospital falls is a priority, but little is known about the value of fall prevention interventions.

METHODS
We used an uncontrolled before-after design to evaluate changes in fall rates and time use by RNs. Using decision-analytical models, we estimated incremental net costs per hospital per year.

RESULTS
Falls declined at 1 hospital (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.87; P = .016), but not the other (IRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17; P = .28). Cost analyses projected a 67.9% to 72.2% probability of net savings at both hospitals due to unexpected declines in the time that RNs spent in fall-related activities.

CONCLUSIONS
Incorporating fall prevention into hourly rounds might improve value. Time that RNs invest in implementing quality improvement interventions can equate to sizable opportunity costs or savings.
Metopism: a Study of the Persistent Metopic Suture
Authors: Zdilla Matthew J. , Russell Michelle L. , Koons Aaron W. , Bliss Kaitlyn N. , Mangus Kelsey R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Metopism, the persistence of the metopic suture in adulthood, is a clinically significant radiographic finding. In addition to masquerading as a fracture of the frontal bone, a persistent metopic suture may be associated with other clinically significant anatomical variations including frontal sinus abnormalities. Several geographically and craniofacially distinct populations have yet to be assessed for the prevalence of metopism. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of metopic sutures in adult crania of diverse populations among which scant research exists. A total of 505 adult crania were examined for the presence of a metopic suture. A total of 13 (2.57%) demonstrated metopism. Among subpopulations, metopism was present in 8.06% (5:62) of European crania, 15.38% (2:13) of East Asian crania, 2.20% (2:91) of Egyptian crania, and 2.86% (1:35) of Bengali crania. Metopism was also found in 1 Chilean, Roman, and Tchuktchi cranium, respectively. Metopism was not seen in crania from individuals of African (non-Egyptian) descent (0:62), Peruvians (0:144), Malayans (0:23), or Mexicans (0:23). Among sexes, metopism was present in 3.77% (8:212) of females and 1.79% (5:279) of males. The prevalence of metopism differs between populations and sexes. The results of this study provide anthropological, developmental, and clinical insight with regard to metopism.
Virtual Reality Model of the Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus Based on a Cadaveric Image and Dissection
Authors: Qian Zeng-hui , Feng Xu , Li Yang , Tang Ke 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
Studying the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the cavernous sinus is essential for treating lesions in this region with skull base surgeries. Cadaver dissection is a conventional method that has insurmountable flaws with regard to understanding spatial anatomy. The authors’ research aimed to build an image model of the cavernous sinus region in a virtual reality system to precisely, individually and objectively elucidate the complete and local stereo-anatomy.

Methods:
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 5 adult cadaver heads. Latex mixed with contrast agent was injected into the arterial system and then into the venous system. Computed tomography scans were performed again following the 2 injections. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed again after the cranial nerves were exposed. Image data were input into a virtual reality system to establish a model of the cavernous sinus. Observation results of the image models were compared with those of the cadaver heads.

Results:
Visualization of the cavernous sinus region models built using the virtual reality system was good for all the cadavers. High resolutions were achieved for the images of different tissues. The observed results were consistent with those of the cadaver head. The spatial architecture and modality of the cavernous sinus were clearly displayed in the 3D model by rotating the model and conveniently changing its transparency.

Conclusion:
A 3D virtual reality model of the cavernous sinus region is helpful for globally and objectively understanding anatomy. The observation procedure was accurate, convenient, noninvasive, and time and specimen saving.
HDL Cholesterol Efflux is Impaired in Older Patients with Early Sepsis: A Subanalysis of a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Guirgis Faheem W. , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Grijalva Victor , Bowman Jennifer , Kalynych Colleen , Moldawer Lyle , Moore Frederick A. , Reddy Srinivasa T. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Proper functioning of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is necessary for protection against sepsis. However, previous work has demonstrated that HDL becomes oxidized and dysfunctional (Dys-HDL) during sepsis. Older (aged >65 years) patients are at particularly high risk of sepsis and poor outcomes from sepsis.

Study objective:
The aim of the study was to compare functional properties of HDL (cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase enzyme 1 [PON-1] activity) and Dys-HDL between older (aged >65 years) sepsis patients and older healthy volunteers.

Methods:
This was a subanalysis of a prospective study in which patients with sepsis were prospectively enrolled from the emergency department within the first 24 h. Serum and plasma samples were drawn from septic patients and age- and sex-matched control subjects. Percent cholesterol efflux, HDL inflammatory index, and PON1 activity were measured. Data were analyzed using Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results:
Ten sepsis and 10 healthy controls were analyzed. Mean age of sepsis patients (80 ± 2 years [SD]) and control subjects (77 ± 2 years) was similar (P = 0.31). Mean systolic blood pressures were significantly different in sepsis patients (113 ± 8 mmHg) compared with controls (133 ± 6 mmHg) (P = 0.049). Median SOFA scores for sepsis patients were 5.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 4–9). Mean percent cholesterol efflux was significantly reduced in sepsis (24.1 ± 1.2%) compared with controls (31.5 ± 1.0%) (P < 0.001). HDL inflammatory index was also significantly elevated in septic patients (1.63, IQR 1.3–2.34) compared with controls (0.62, IQR 0.56–0.67) (P < 0.001). However, PON1 activity was not significantly different between septic patients (70.3 ± 16.3 nmol/min/mL) and control subjects (88.8 ± 18.3 nmol/min/mL).

Conclusions:
Cholesterol efflux capacity seems to be significantly impaired in sepsis patients who also exhibited a higher index of Dys-HDL. The findings suggest that HDL function may be impaired in older individuals with sepsis.
QuASAR: Quality Assessment of Spatial Arrangement Reproducibility in Hi-C Data
Authors: Sauria Michael EG , Taylor James 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHi-C has revolutionized global interrogation of chromosome conformation, however there are few tools to assess the reliability of individual experiments. Here we present a new approach, QuASAR, for measuring quality within and between Hi-C samples. We show that QuASAR can detect even tiny fractions of noise and estimate both return on additional sequencing and quality upper bounds. We also demonstrate QuASAR's utility in measuring replicate agreement across feature resolutions. Finally, QuASAR can estimate resolution limits based on both internal and replicate quality scores. QuASAR provides an objective means of Hi-C sample comparison while providing context and limits to these measures.
An internal sensor detects dietary amino acids and promotes food consumption in Drosophila
Authors: Yang Zhe , Huang Rui , Fu Xin , Wang Gaohang , Qi Wei , Shen Wei , Wang Liming 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAdequate protein intake is crucial for animals. Despite the recent progress in understanding protein hunger and satiety in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, how fruit flies assess prospective dietary protein sources and ensure protein consumption remains elusive. We show here that three specific amino acids, L-glutamate (L-Glu), L-alanine (L-Ala), and L-aspartate (L-Asp), rapidly promote food consumption in fruit flies when present in food. The effect of dietary amino acids to promote food consumption is independent of mating experience and internal nutritional status. Genetic analysis identifies six brain neurons expressing diuretic hormone 44 (DH44) as a sensor of dietary amino acids. DH44+ neurons can be directly activated by these three amino acids, and are both necessary and sufficient for dietary amino acids to promote food consumption. By conducting single cell RNAseq analysis, we also identify an amino acid transporter, CG13248, which is highly expressed in DH44+ neurons and is required for dietary amino acids to promote food consumption. Therefore, these data suggest that dietary amino acids may enter DH44+ neurons via CG13248 and modulate their activity and hence food consumption. Taken together, these data identify an internal amino acid sensor in the fly brain that evaluate food sources post-ingestively and facilitates adequate protein intake.
Light-Activated Cell Identification and Sorting (LACIS): A New Method to Identify and Select Edited Clones on a Microfluidic Device
Authors: Mocciaro Annamaria , Roth Theodore L. , Bennett Hayley M. , Soumillon Magali , Shah Abhik , Hiatt Joseph , Chapman Kevin , Marson Alexander , Lavieu Gregory 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has revolutionized cell engineering and promises to open new doors in gene and cell therapies. Despite improvements in the CRISPR-editing molecular toolbox in cell lines and primary cells, identifying and purifying properly edited clones remains slow, laborious and low-yield. Here, we establish a new method that uses cell manipulation on a chip with Opto-Electronic Positioning (OEP) technology to enable clonal isolation and selection of edited cells. We focused on editing CXCR4 in primary human T cells, a gene that encodes a co-receptor for HIV entry. T cells hold significant potential for cell-based therapy, but the gene-editing efficiency and expansion potential of these cells is limited. We describe here a method to obviate these limitations. Briefly, after electroporation of cells with CXCR4-targeting Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), single T cells were isolated on a chip, where they proliferated over time into well-resolved colonies. Phenotypic consequences of genome editing could be rapidly assessed on-chip with cell-surface staining for CXCR4. Furthermore, independent of phenotype, individual colonies could be identified based on their specific genotype at the 5-10 cell stage. Each colony was split and sequentially exported for immediate on-target sequencing and validation, and further off-chip clonal expansion of the validated clones. We were able to assess single-clone editing efficiencies, including the rate of monoallelic and biallelic indels or precise nucleotide replacements. This new method will enable identification and selection of perfectly edited clones within 10 days from Cas9-RNP introduction in cells based on the phenotype and/or genotype.
TASEP modelling provides a parsimonious explanation for the ability of a single uORF to upregulate downstream ORF translation during the Integrated Stress Response
Authors: Andreev Dmitry E , Arnold Maxim , Loughran Gary , Rachinskii Dmitrii , Baranov Pavel V 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTTranslation initiation is the rate limiting step of protein synthesis that is downregulated during Integrated Stress Response (ISR). In our previous work (Andreev, O’Connor et al 2015), we demonstrated that most human mRNAs resistant to this inhibition possess translated uORFs and in some cases a single uORF is sufficient for the resistance. Here we developed a computational model of Initiation Complexes Interference with Elongating Ribosomes (ICIER) to gain insight into the mechanism. We explored the relationship between the flux of scanning ribosomes upstream and downstream of a single uORF depending on uORF features. Paradoxically our analysis predicts that reducing ribosome flux upstream of certain uORFs increases initiation downstream. The model reveals derepression of downstream translation as general mechanism of uORF-mediated stress resistance. It predicts that stress resistance can be achieved with long or slowly translated uORFs that do not favor high levels of translation re-initiation and start with non-leaky initiators.
Placeholder nucleosomes underlie germline-to-embryo DNA methylation reprogramming
Authors: Murphy PJ , Wu SF , James CR , Wike CL , Cairns BR 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe fate and function of epigenetic marks during the germline-to-embryo transition is a key issue in developmental biology, with relevance to stem cell programming and trans-generational inheritance. In zebrafish, DNA methylation (DNAme) patterns are programmed in transcriptionally-quiescent cleavage embryos; remarkably, paternally-inherited patterns are maintained, whereas maternal patterns are reprogrammed to match the paternal. Here we provide the mechanism, by demonstrating that ‘Placeholder’ nucleosomes, containing histone H2A variant H2A.Z(FV) and H3K4me1, occupy virtually all regions lacking DNAme in both sperm and cleavage embryos, and resides at promoters encoding housekeeping and early embryonic transcription factors. Upon genome-wide transcriptional onset, genes with Placeholder become either active (H3K4me3) or silent (H3K4me3/K27me3). Importantly, functional perturbation causing Placeholder loss confers DNAme accumulation, whereas acquisition/expansion of Placeholder confers DNA hypomethylation and improper gene activation. Thus, during transcriptionally-quiescent gametic and embryonic stages, an H2A.Z(FV)/H3K4me1-containing Placeholder nucleosome deters DNAme, poising parental genes for either gene-specific activation or facultative repression.Highlights: four, 85 characters eachPlaceholder nucleosomes bear H3K4me and the histone variant H2A.Z(FV)Placeholders occupy all DNA hypomethylated loci in zebrafish sperm and early embryosAt ZGA, Placeholders resolve into either active or poised (bivalent) nucleosomesPlaceholder localization excludes DNAme, and regulates embryonic transcription
p53 is required for female germline stem cell maintenance inP-element hybrid dysgenesis
Authors: Tasnim Sadia , Kelleher Erin S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTHybrid dysgenesis is a sterility syndrome resulting from the mobilization of certain transposable elements in theDrosophilagermline. Particularly extreme is the hybrid dysgenesis syndrome caused byP-element DNA transposons, in which dysgenic female ovaries often contain few or no germline cells. Those offspring that are produced from dysgenic germlines exhibit high rates ofde novomutation and recombination, implicating transposition-associated DNA damage as the cause of germline loss. However, how this loss occurs, in terms of the particular cellular response that is triggered (cell cycle arrest, senescence, or cell death) remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that two components of the DNA damage response, Checkpoint kinase 2 and its downstream target p53, are determine the frequency of ovarian atrophy that is associated withP-element hybrid dysgenesis. We further show that p53 is strongly induced in the germline stem cells (GSCs) of dysgenic females, and is required for their maintenance. Our observations support the critical role for p53 in conferring tolerance of transposable element activity in stem cells.
The BXD Mouse Strains are a Model System for Studying Optic Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Li Ying , King Rebecca , Struebing Felix L. , Geisert Eldon E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study is designed to identify the influences of genetic background to optic nerve regeneration using the two parental strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J and 7 BXD recombinant inbred strains. To study regeneration in the optic nerve, Pten was knocked down in the retinal ganglion cells using AAV, and a mild inflammatory response was induced by an intravitreal injection of zymosan with CPT-cAMP, and the axons were damaged by optic nerve crush (ONC). Regenerating axons were labeled by Cholera Toxin B and quantified 14 days after ONC. The number of axons at 0.5 mm and 1 mm from the crush site were counted. In addition, we measured the distance that 5 axons had grown down the nerve and the longest distance a single axon reached. Results showed a considerable amount of differential axonal growth across all 9 BXD strains. There was a significant difference (P=0.014 Mann-Whitney U test) in the regenerative capacity in the number of axons reaching 0.5 mm from a low of 1487.6 ± 264.9 axons in BXD102 to a high of 4175.8 ± 648.6 axons in BXD29. There were also significant differences (P=0.014 Mann-Whitney U test) in the distance axons traveled, looking at a minimum of 5 axons with the shortest distance was 787.2 ± 46.5µm in BXD102 to a maximum distance of 2025.5 ± 223.3µm in BXD29. These results reveal that genetic background can modulate axonal regeneration and that the BXD strains are a particularly well-suited model system.