bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth‐weight discordance and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy: analysis of STORK multiple pregnancy cohort
Authors: D'Antonio F. , Thilaganathan B. , Laoreti A. , Khalil A. ,   the Southwest Thames Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK)
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between weight discordance and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy progressing to at least 34 weeks of gestation. The secondary aim was to determine the predictive accuracy of different weight discordance cut‐offs in predicting neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of all twin pregnancies booked for antenatal care at four hospitals in the Southwest Thames region of London Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK) over a period of 10 years. Ultrasound data were obtained by a search of each hospital's obstetric ultrasound computer database, while outcome details were obtained from the computerized maternity and neonatal records. The primary outcome was incidence of composite neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy with birth‐weight discordance. Logistic regression was used to identify and adjust for potential confounders, while a receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to determine predictive accuracy.ResultsNine hundred and thirty‐nine twin pregnancies (760 dichorionic, 179 monochorionic) were included. Gestational age at birth and birth‐weight decile were significantly lower in pregnancies complicated by neonatal morbidity compared with those which were not (P < 0.001 for both). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, gestational age at birth (P < 0.001), birth‐weight decile (P = 0.029) and birth‐weight discordance (P = 0.019), but not chorionicity (P = 0.477) or presence of at least one small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) twin (P = 0.245), were associated independently with the risk of neonatal morbidity. There was a progressive increase in the risk of neonatal morbidity with increasing birth‐weight discordance. Despite this association, birth‐weight discordance showed an overall poor predictive accuracy for neonatal morbidity, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.53–0.63) with an optimal cut‐off of 17.6%, showing sensitivity and specificity of 35.2% (95% CI, 27.8–43.2%) and 83.2% (95% CI, 80.4–85.8%), respectively.ConclusionIntertwin birth‐weight discordance is associated independently with the risk of neonatal morbidity in twins born after 34 weeks' gestation, irrespective of chorionicity or diagnosis of SGA in either twin. However, its predictive accuracy for neonatal morbidity is poor. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PER1, GUP1 and CWH43 of methylotrophic yeast Ogataea minuta are involved in cell wall integrity
Authors: Xu Xin‐Xin , Komatsuzaki Akiko , Chiba Yasunori , Gao Xiao‐Dong , Yoko‐o Takehiko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn eukaryotes, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) modification of many glycoproteins on the cell surface is highly conserved. The lipid moieties of GPI‐anchored proteins undergo remodelling processes during their maturation. To date, the products of the PER1, GUP1 and CWH43 genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been shown to be involved in the lipid remodelling. Here, we focus on the putative GPI remodelling pathway in the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea minuta. We found that the O. minuta homologues of PER1, GUP1 and CWH43 are functionally compatible with those of S. cerevisiae. Disruption of GUP1 or CWH43 in O. minuta caused a growth defect under non‐permissive conditions. The O. minuta per1Δ mutant exhibited a more fragile phenotype than the gup1Δ or cwh43Δ mutants. To address the role of GPI modification in O. minuta, we assessed the effect of these mutations on the processing and localization of the O. minuta homologues of the Gas1 protein; in S. cerevisiae, Gas1p is an abundant and well‐characterized GPI‐anchored protein. We found that O. minuta possesses two copies of the GAS1 gene, which we designate GAS1A and GAS1B. Microscopy and western blotting analysis showed mislocalization and/or lower retention of Gas1Ap and Gas1Bp within the membrane fraction in per1Δ or gup1Δ mutant cells, suggesting the significance of lipid remodelling for GPI‐anchored proteins in O. minuta. Localization behaviour of Gas1Bp differed from that of Gas1Ap. Our data reveals, for the first time (to our knowledge), the existence of genes related to GPI anchor remodelling in O. minuta cells.
A neural network approach for the blind deconvolution of turbulent flows
Authors: Maulik R. , San O. 
Published: October 2017

We present a single-layer feed-forward artificial neural network architecture trained through a supervised learning approach for the deconvolution of flow variables from their coarse-grained computations such as those encountered in large eddy simulations. We stress that the deconvolution procedure proposed in this investigation is blind, i.e. the deconvolved field is computed without any pre-existing information about the filtering procedure or kernel. This may be conceptually contrasted to the celebrated approximate deconvolution approaches where a filter shape is predefined for an iterative deconvolution process. We demonstrate that the proposed blind deconvolution network performs exceptionally well in the a priori testing of two-dimensional Kraichnan, three-dimensional Kolmogorov and compressible stratified turbulence test cases, and shows promise in forming the backbone of a physics-augmented data-driven closure for the Navier–Stokes equations.
Pieter van Musschenbroek on laws of nature
Authors: DUCHEYNE STEFFEN , PRESENT PIETER 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the development of the concept of a ‘law’ (of nature) in the work of the Dutch natural philosopher and experimenter Petrus van Musschenbroek (1692–1761). Since Van Musschenbroek is commonly described as one of the first ‘Newtonians’ on the Continent in the secondary literature, we focus more specifically on its relation to Newton's views on this issue. Although he was certainly indebted to Newton for his thinking on laws (of nature), Van Musschenbroek's views can be seen to diverge from Newton's on crucial points. We show, moreover, how his thinking on laws of nature was shaped by both international and local factors. We start with a brief discussion of Newton's concept of ‘laws of nature’ in order to set the stage for Van Musschenbroek's. We then document the development of Van Musschenbroek's views on laws of nature in chronological order. We demonstrate how his thinking on laws of nature was tied to institutional, theological and scientific factors. We conclude by pointing to the broader significance of this case study for our understanding of the development of the concept ‘law of nature’ during the eighteenth century.
Impurity transport and bulk ion flow in a mixed collisionality stellarator plasma
Authors: Newton S. L. , Helander P. , Mollén A. , Smith H. M. 
Published: October 2017

The accumulation of impurities in the core of magnetically confined plasmas, resulting from standard collisional transport mechanisms, is a known threat to their performance as fusion energy sources. Whilst the axisymmetric tokamak systems have been shown to benefit from the effect of temperature screening, that is an outward flux of impurities driven by the temperature gradient, impurity accumulation in stellarators was thought to be inevitable, driven robustly by the inward pointing electric field characteristic of hot fusion plasmas. We have shown in Helander et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 118, 2017a, 155002) that such screening can in principle also appear in stellarators, in the experimentally relevant mixed collisionality regime, where a highly collisional impurity species is present in a low collisionality bulk plasma. Details of the analytic calculation are presented here, along with the effect of the impurity on the bulk ion flow, which will ultimately affect the bulk contribution to the bootstrap current.
WTO and SOEs: Article XVII and Related Provisions of the GATT 1994
Authors: MASTROMATTEO ANDREA 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBy acting as a trader, a government may influence the direction of international trade through its purchases and sales decisions without resort to other more direct means of trade regulation. The GATT recognizes that governments may choose to participate in international commerce in competition with private firms, but it does not leave them with a free hand when it comes to carrying out trading operations. The core rules regulating a State's trading activities are found in Article XVII and related provisions of the GATT. In the 70 years since their adoption, developments in both the GATT 1947 and the WTO have delineated a set of relatively limited disciplines rooted in the principle of non-discrimination, raising doubts about their effectiveness to address the kinds of problems caused by ‘State trading’ today. It remains true, however, that while State trading enterprises continue to operate across the world, and fundamental questions about the full reach and scope of the existing disciplines endure, opportunities to clarify their role in the modern trading system may well arise in the future practice of WTO Members.
Competition Policy and State-Owned Enterprises in China
Authors: KOVACIC WILLIAM E. 
Published: October 2017

The Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) of China came into effect in August 2008. In less than a decade, China has made remarkable strides to enforce this law; no other jurisdiction with a competition law system – over 130 to date – comes close to matching China's accomplishments in the first decade of its competition regime. However, China's progress in implementing competition policy remains uncertain.
Microstream capnography during conscious sedation with midazolam for oral surgery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brady Paul , Iohom Gabriella , O’Halloran Ken D , McCreary Christine , Cronin Michael 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Objectives/Aims:
There has been no dentistry-specific published data supporting the use of monitoring with capnography for dental sedation. Our aim was to determine if adding capnography to standard monitoring during conscious sedation with midazolam would decrease the incidence of hypoxaemia.

Materials and Methods:
A randomised controlled trial was conducted in which all patients (ASA I and II) received standard monitoring and capnography, but were randomised to whether staff could view the capnography (intervention) or were blinded to it (control). The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxaemia (SpO2⩽94%).

Results:
We enrolled 190 patients, mean age 31 years (range, 14–62 years). There were 93 patients in the capnography group and 97 in the control group. The mean cumulative dose of midazolam titrated was 6.94 mg (s.d., 2.31; range, 3–20 mg). Six (3%) patients, three in each group, required temporary supplemental oxygen. There was no statistically significant difference between the capnography and control groups for the incidence of hypoxaemia: 34.4 vs 39.2% (P=0.4962, OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.45–1.47).

Conclusions:
We were unable to confirm an additive role for capnography to prevent hypoxaemia during conscious sedation with midazolam for patients not routinely administered supplemental oxygen.
Use of 21-gene recurrence score assay to individualize adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations in ER+/HER2− node positive breast cancer—A National Cancer Database study
Authors: Peethambaram Prema P. , Hoskin Tanya L. , Day Courtney N. , Goetz Matthew P. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Boughey Judy C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay is prognostic and predictive of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in node positive (N+) breast cancer (BC). We sought to evaluate use patterns of RS assay in N+, ER+/HER2− BC and the impact of RS on recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with T1-T4c,N1mi-N3, ER+/HER2− BC diagnosed 2010–2013 in the National Cancer Database were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors influencing RS testing and chemotherapy recommendations based on RS. Among 72,897 patients, RS was obtained in 20.6%, increasing from 15.0% in 2010 to 24.5% in 2013 (p < 0.001). RS testing was most common in N1mi (43.7%) followed by N1 (22.1%) and rare in N2/N3 (3.3%). Of the 12,536 with quantitative RS results, 61.1% were low RS, 32.3% intermediate RS and 6.6% high RS. Chemotherapy was recommended less frequently in patients with RS testing (50.4%) vs. those not tested (81.0%, p < 0.001). In N1mi/N1 patients, chemotherapy recommendation varied by RS; however, in N2/N3 patients, chemotherapy was recommended in the majority (70.9–87.5%) regardless of RS. Most patients (>85%) with RS ≥ 26 were recommended chemotherapy regardless of nodal stage. For patients with RS < 26, chemotherapy recommendations increased with higher N and T stage, grade, and younger age (p < 0.001). Histology was not associated with chemotherapy recommendation in any RS subset. The RS assay is frequently and increasingly being used for decision making in node positive ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients and its use is associated with lower rates of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Evidence for long-term sensitization of the bowel in patients with post-infectious-IBS
Authors: Balemans D. , Mondelaers S. U. , Cibert-Goton V. , Stakenborg N. , Aguilera-Lizarraga J. , Dooley J. , Liston A. , Bulmer D. C. , Vanden Berghe P. , Boeckxstaens G. E. , Wouters M. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPost-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by persistent abdominal pain despite recovery from acute gastroenteritis. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, although long-term changes in neuronal function, and low grade inflammation of the bowel have been hypothesized. We investigated the presence and mechanism of neuronal sensitization in a unique cohort of individuals who developed PI-IBS following exposure to contaminated drinking water 7 years ago. We provide direct evidence of ongoing sensitization of neuronal signaling in the bowel of patients with PI-IBS. These changes occur in the absence of any detectable tissue inflammation, and instead appear to be driven by pro-nociceptive changes in the gut micro-environment. This is evidenced by the activation of murine colonic afferents, and sensitization responses to capsaicin in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) following application of supernatants generated from tissue biopsy of patients with PI-IBS. We demonstrate that neuronal signaling within the bowel of PI-IBS patients is sensitized 2 years after the initial infection has resolved. This sensitization appears to be mediated by a persistent pro-nociceptive change in the gut micro-environment, that has the capacity to stimulate visceral afferents and facilitate neuronal TRPV1 signaling.
Odour dialects among wild mammals
Authors: Kean Eleanor Freya , Bruford Michael William , Russo Isa-Rita M. , Müller Carsten Theodor , Chadwick Elizabeth Anna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcross multiple taxa, population structure and dynamics depend on effective signalling between individuals. Among mammals, chemical communication is arguably the most important sense, underpinning mate choice, parental care, territoriality and even disease transmission. There is a growing body of evidence that odours signal genetic information that may confer considerable benefits including inbreeding avoidance and nepotism. To date, however, there has been no clear evidence that odours encode population-level information in wild mammals. Here we demonstrate for the first time the existence of ‘odour dialects’ in genetically distinct mammalian subpopulations across a large geographical scale. We found that otters, Lutra lutra, from across the United Kingdom possess sex and biogeography-specific odours. Subpopulations with the most distinctive odour profiles are also the most genetically diverse but not the most genetically differentiated. Furthermore, geographic distance between individuals does not explain regional odour differences, refuting other potential explanations such as group odour sharing behaviour. Differences in the language of odours between subpopulations have the potential to affect individual interactions, which could impact reproduction and gene-flow.
Correlation between crystallographic anisotropy and dendritic orientation selection of binary magnesium alloys
Authors: Du Jinglian , Guo Zhipeng , Zhang Ang , Yang Manhong , Li Mei , Xiong Shoumei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBoth synchrotron X-ray tomography and EBSD characterization revealed that the preferred growth directions of magnesium alloy dendrite change as the type and amount of solute elements. Such growth behavior was further investigated by evaluating the orientation-dependent surface energy and the subsequent crystallographic anisotropy via ab-initio calculations based on density functional theory and hcp lattice structure. It was found that for most binary magnesium alloys, the preferred growth direction of the α-Mg dendrite in the basal plane is always $$\langle 11\bar{2}0\rangle $$
〈

11

2
¯

0

〉
, and independent on either the type or concentration of the additional elements. In non-basal planes, however, the preferred growth direction is highly dependent on the solute concentration. In particular, for Mg-Al alloys, this direction changes from $$\langle 11\bar{2}3\rangle $$
〈

11

2
¯

3

〉
to $$\langle 22\bar{4}5\rangle $$
〈

22

4
¯

5

〉
as the Al-concentration increased, and for Mg-Zn alloys, this direction changes from $$\langle 11\bar{2}3\rangle $$
〈

11

2
¯

3

〉
to $$\langle 22\bar{4}5\rangle $$
〈

22

4
¯

5

〉
or $$\langle 11\bar{2}2\rangle $$
〈

11

2
¯

2

〉
as the Zn-content varied. Our results provide a better understanding on the dendritic orientation selection and morphology transition of magnesium alloys at the atomic level.
From Porous to Dense Nanostructured β-Ti alloys through High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Afonso Conrado R. M. , Amigó Angelica , Stolyarov Vladimir , Gunderov Dmitri , Amigó Vicente 
Published: October 2017

Abstractβ-Ti alloys have low elastic modulus, good specific strength and high corrosion resistance for biomaterial applications. Noble elements, such as Nb, Ta and Mo, are used to obtain β-Ti due to their chemical biocompatibility. However, due to their refractory nature, β-Ti requires specific processing routes. Powder metallurgy (P/M) allows for the development of new β-Ti alloys with decreasing costs, but dealing with high-elemental-content alloys can lead to a lack of diffusion and grain growth. One method to refine the structure and improve mechanical properties is a severe plastic deformation technique through high-pressure torsion (HPT). The aim of this work was to evaluate the conversion of P/M porous β-Ti-35Nb-10Ta-xFe alloys to dense nanostructures through high-pressure torsion in one deformation step and the influence of the structure variation on the properties and microstructure. TEM analysis and ASTAR crystallographic mapping was utilized to characterize the nanostructures, and the properties of P/M β Ti-35Nb-10Ta-xFe alloys processed by HPT were compared. The initial microstructure consisted mainly by the β-Ti phase with some α-Ti phase at the grain boundaries. The HPT process refined the microstructure from 50 µm (P/M) down to nanostructured grains of approximately 50 nm.
Comparative transcriptomics reveal developmental turning points during embryogenesis of a hemimetabolous insect, the damselfly Ischnura elegans
Authors: Simon Sabrina , Sagasser Sven , Saccenti Edoardo , Brugler Mercer R. , Schranz M. Eric , Hadrys Heike , Amato George , DeSalle Rob 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIdentifying transcriptional changes during embryogenesis is of crucial importance for unravelling evolutionary, molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin patterning and morphogenesis. However, comparative studies focusing on early/embryonic stages during insect development are limited to a few taxa. Drosophila melanogaster is the paradigm for insect development, whereas comparative transcriptomic studies of embryonic stages of hemimetabolous insects are completely lacking. We reconstructed the first comparative transcriptome covering the daily embryonic developmental progression of the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata), an ancient hemimetabolous representative. We identified a “core” set of 6,794 transcripts – shared by all embryonic stages – which are mainly involved in anatomical structure development and cellular nitrogen compound metabolic processes. We further used weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify transcriptional changes during Odonata embryogenesis. Based on these analyses distinct clusters of transcriptional active sequences could be revealed, indicating that embryos at different development stages have their own transcriptomic profile according to the developmental events and leading to sequential reprogramming of metabolic and developmental genes. Interestingly, a major change in transcriptionally active sequences is correlated with katatrepsis (revolution) during mid-embryogenesis, a 180° rotation of the embryo within the egg and specific to hemimetabolous insects.
A new cellular type in invertebrates: first evidence of telocytes in leech Hirudo medicinalis
Authors: Pulze Laura , Baranzini Nicolò , Girardello Rossana , Grimaldi Annalisa , Ibba-Manneschi Lidia , Ottaviani Enzo , Reguzzoni Marcella , Tettamanti Gianluca , de Eguileor Magda 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTelocytes, a peculiar cell type, were recently found in vertebrates. Hence this cell system has been reported as ubiquitous in the bodies of mammals and interpreted as an important player in innate immunity and tissue regeneration, it is reasonable to look for it also in invertebrates, that rely their integrity solely by innate immunity. Here we describe, at morphological and functional level, invertebrate telocytes from the body of leechHirudo medicinalis(Annelida), suggesting how these cells, forming a resident stromal 3D network, can influence or participate in different events. These findings support the concepts that leech telocytes: i) are organized in a cellular dynamic and versatile 3D network likewise the vertebrate counterpart; ii) are an evolutionarily conserved immune-neuroendocrine system; iii) form an immuno-surveillance system of resident cells responding faster than migrating immunocytes recruited in stimulated area; iv) communicate with neighbouring cells directly and indirectly, via cell-cell contacts and soluble molecules secreted by multivesicular bodies; v) present within neo-vessels, share with immunocytes the mesodermal lineage; vi) are involved in regenerative processes. In conclusion, we propose that HmTCs, integrating so different functions, might explain the innate immune memory and can be associated with several aged related diseases.