bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Early Assessment of the ACGME CLER Program: A National Survey of Designated Institutional Officials
Authors: Long Timothy R. , Doherty Julie A. , Frimannsdottir Katrin R. , Rose Steven H. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Clinical Learning Environment Review (CLER) is an innovative element of the ACGME's new accreditation system. To date, little information has been collected regarding the value of CLER.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to collect information on designated institutional officials' (DIOs') perspectives about the initial CLER visits conducted at their institutions.

Methods
The authors created and distributed a survey to DIOs about their initial CLER visits. Demographic data were compared across survey responses with Spearman's rank correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results
The authors received responses from 63% of DIOs (186 of 297) at institutions that participated in the initial CLER visits, with 88% (164 of 186) having served as DIO during the visit. Seventy-two percent (114 of 158) reported institutional changes to address CLER focus areas prior to the visit, yet only 32% (51 of 157) reported that additional resources were allocated to these areas after the site visit. Sixty-five percent (102 of 156) reported institutional executive leadership was positive about participating in CLER; 85% (134 of 158) reported that ACGME conducted the visits efficiently; 84% (133 of 158) reported that the site visit accurately assessed the institution's performance in the CLER focus areas; and 60% (93 of 156) reported CLER provided high-value information.

Conclusion
Survey results from DIOs suggest that CLER is an effective mechanism to improve the learning environment. Common concerns included limited advance notice for the site visit and disruptions of clinical practice.
Global shocks and their impact on the Tanzanian economy
Authors: Haile Fiseha 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Plummeting commodity prices, China’s economic slowdown and rebalancing, and global financial market turbulence have recently raised concerns about their effects on African economies. This paper investigates whether, and to what extent, these intertwined shocks spillover into the Tanzanian economy. The author finds that a 1 percentage point (ppts) drop in China’s investment growth is associated with a decline in Tanzania’s export growth of roughly 0.60 ppts. A 1 percent fall in commodity prices leads to 0.65 percent lower exports value. The results suggest that a hard landing of the Chinese economy to its ‘new normal’ would doubtless send shock waves through the Tanzanian economy by further driving down commodity demand and prices as well as lowering development finance. In contrast, financial market volatility has a fairly negligible impact on economic growth. The main results stand up well to a wide-array of robustness checks.
The quantification and correction of wind-induced precipitation measurement errors
Authors: Kochendorfer John , Rasmussen Roy , Wolff Mareile , Baker Bruce , Hall Mark E. , Meyers Tilden , Landolt Scott , Jachcik Al , Isaksen Ketil , Brækkan Ragnar , Leeper Ronald 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Hydrologic measurements are important for both the short- and long-term management of water resources. Of the terms in the hydrologic budget, precipitation is typically the most important input; however, measurements of precipitation are subject to large errors and biases. For example, an all-weather unshielded weighing precipitation gauge can collect less than 50 % of the actual amount of solid precipitation when wind speeds exceed 5 m s−1. Using results from two different precipitation test beds, such errors have been assessed for unshielded weighing gauges and for weighing gauges employing four of the most common windshields currently in use. Functions to correct wind-induced undercatch were developed and tested. In addition, corrections for the single-Alter weighing gauge were developed using the combined results of two separate sites in Norway and the USA. In general, the results indicate that the functions effectively correct the undercatch bias that affects such precipitation measurements. In addition, a single function developed for the single-Alter gauges effectively decreased the bias at both sites, with the bias at the US site improving from −12 to 0 %, and the bias at the Norwegian site improving from −27 to −4 %. These correction functions require only wind speed and air temperature as inputs, and were developed for use in national and local precipitation networks, hydrological monitoring, roadway and airport safety work, and climate change research. The techniques used to develop and test these transfer functions at more than one site can also be used for other more comprehensive studies, such as the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE).
The effect of satellite-derived surface soil moisture and leaf area index land data assimilation on streamflow simulations over France
Authors: Fairbairn David , Barbu Alina Lavinia , Napoly Adrien , Albergel Clément , Mahfouf Jean-François , Calvet Jean-Christophe 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. This study evaluates the impact of assimilating surface soil moisture (SSM) and leaf area index (LAI) observations into a land surface model using the SAFRAN–ISBA–MODCOU (SIM) hydrological suite. SIM consists of three stages: (1) an atmospheric reanalysis (SAFRAN) over France, which forces (2) the three-layer ISBA land surface model, which then provides drainage and runoff inputs to (3) the MODCOU hydro-geological model. The drainage and runoff outputs from ISBA are validated by comparing the simulated river discharge from MODCOU with over 500 river-gauge observations over France and with a subset of stations with low-anthropogenic influence, over several years. This study makes use of the A-gs version of ISBA that allows for physiological processes. The atmospheric forcing for the ISBA-A-gs model underestimates direct shortwave and long-wave radiation by approximately 5 % averaged over France. The ISBA-A-gs model also substantially underestimates the grassland LAI compared with satellite retrievals during winter dormancy. These differences result in an underestimation (overestimation) of evapotranspiration (drainage and runoff). The excess runoff flowing into the rivers and aquifers contributes to an overestimation of the SIM river discharge. Two experiments attempted to resolve these problems: (i) a correction of the minimum LAI model parameter for grasslands and (ii) a bias-correction of the model radiative forcing. Two data assimilation experiments were also performed, which are designed to correct random errors in the initial conditions: (iii) the assimilation of LAI observations and (iv) the assimilation of SSM and LAI observations. The data assimilation for (iii) and (iv) was done with a simplified extended Kalman filter (SEKF), which uses finite differences in the observation operator Jacobians to relate the observations to the model variables. Experiments (i) and (ii) improved the median SIM Nash scores by about 9 % and 18 % respectively. Experiment (iii) reduced the LAI phase errors in ISBA-A-gs but had little impact on the discharge Nash efficiency of SIM. In contrast, experiment (iv) resulted in spurious increases in drainage and runoff, which degraded the median discharge Nash efficiency by about 7 %. The poor performance of the SEKF originates from the observation operator Jacobians. These Jacobians are dampened when the soil is saturated and when the vegetation is dormant, which leads to positive biases in drainage and/or runoff and to insufficient corrections during winter, respectively. Possible ways to improve the model are discussed, including a new multi-layer diffusion model and a more realistic response of photosynthesis to temperature in mountainous regions. The data assimilation should be advanced by accounting for model and forcing uncertainties.
Emotional Practice and Bodily Performance in Early Modern Vampire Literature
Authors: Gordon Stephen 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
The belief that sufferers of “bad” death were able to return from the grave and haunt the living circulated widely in early modern Europe. There are many such accounts of “revenants” attacking the unwary as they slept, spreading disease among local communities, and causing further deaths. For the townsfolk among whom revenants walked, the destructive nature of the undead corpse was never in doubt. Decapitation, staking, and/or cremation were the main methods used to prevent the deceased's influence from spreading. While contemporary scholars came to dismiss “vampires” as being a product of an unenlightened mind-set, little emphasis has been placed on the importance of the emotional makeup of the local community in propagating such beliefs. With reference to recent research on practice theory and the concept of “emotional contagion,” this article will explore the relationship between ill-performed death, social stress, and the agency of the troublesome dead.
O adubo de cama de aviário na produção e na qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden
Authors: Menegatti Alexandre , Oliveira Santos Ferraz de Arruda Guilherme , Nunes Nesi Cristiano 
Published: April 2017

A cama de aviário é um resíduo orgânico abundante junto aos produtores de aves, do qual se obtêm um adubo que pode ser utilizado na produção de mudas de espécies florestais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do adubo de cama de aviário na germinação, desenvolvimento e qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% e 80% de adubo de cama de aviário, adicionados ao substrato comercial à base de turfa e casca de arroz carbonizada. Foram avaliados periodicamente (30, 60 e 90 dias) o índice de velocidade de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, diâmetro de coleto, altura, relação entre altura e diâmetro do coleto e a sobrevivência das mudas. Aos 90 dias avaliaram-se o índice de qualidade de Dickson e os pesos de matéria seca das raízes, da parte aérea e total . O adubo de cama de aviário é um produto viável para produção de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii em quantidades moderadas. O uso de 20% de adubo de cama de aviário no volume total do substrato favorece o desenvolvimento e a qualidade das mudas. Quantidades superiores a 20% tendem a ser prejudiciais à germinação e a sobrevivência das mesma.
Comportamento químico do solo e satisfação dos produtores rurais após o uso de cinza
Authors: Alves Mauricio Vicente , Nesi Cristiano Nunes , Naibo Gabriela , Spricigo Jaqueline Gaio , Bender Andressa Classer , Antunes da Cruz Débora Cristina , Chagas Andressa , Curti Gilberto Luiz 
Published: April 2017

O alto custo e correto descarte da cinza de biomassa florestal leva as empresas de celulose a repensar em formas sustentáveis de descarte. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação de cinza de biomassa florestal em propriedades rurais, bem como a satisfação dos produtores rurais em reelação a aplicação ou não da cinza. O estudo foi realizado no município de Vargem Bonita – SC, em 14 propriedades rurais, onde foram realizadas amostras de solo em áreas com e sem aplicação cinza. Em uma área de vinte metros quadrados coletou 10 pontos e obteve uma amostra representativa, onde foi determinado os macros e micros nutrientes, além de pH, índice SMP, matéria orgânica e alguns metais pesados. Os dados foram submetidos ao Teste de Kruskal-wallis. Quando aplicado cinzas no solo, o pH, índice SMP, P, K e Ca tiverem um aumento, porém os elementos Mn e Al diminuíram e os metais pesados não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as áreas onde foi aplicado e a que não foi aplicado a cinza. As cinzas nestas condições favoreceram a qualidade do solo e na grande maioria dos produtores ficaram satisfeitos com a utilização da cinza e voltariam a usar em outras ocasiões.
Neue Entwicklungen in der molekularbiologischen Diagnostik
Authors: Mannhalter Christine 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungDie uns heute zur Verfügung stehenden molekularbiologischen Analysemethoden sind technisch weitgehend ausgereift und warden bereits breit eingesetzt. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit der Einführung von Regeln zur Überprüfung der Qualität der Tests sowie der Testlabors, was im Artikel im Detail besprochen wird. Nachdem Nukleinsäuren isoliert und amp lifiziert wurden, werden sie zur Genotypisierung herangezogen, wobei zahlreiche Fragen adressiert werden können wie z.B. die Diagnose erblich bedingter Krankheiten oder erblicher Prädispositionen, forensische Aspekte, die Identifizierung und Typisierung von Krankheitserregern, aber auch die Aufklärung evolutionärer Zusammenhänge. Die Wahl des Verfahrens zur Mutationssuche ist eng mit der Art und Heterogenität der für einen Phänotyp verantwortlichen Mutationen verbunden. Derzeit werden in vielen Labors für die Diagnostik PCR-Analysen neben der klassischen Sequenzierung nach Frederick Sanger eingesetzt. Zunehmend kommt jedoch die relativ neue „next generation sequencing” (NGS) Analyse zur Anwendung. Obwohl der Einsatz der NGS-Technologie in der klinischen Diagnostik mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen verbunden ist, wird die Umstellung auf diese Methode aufgrund der Vorteile in naher Zukunft vollzogen werden. Die deutliche Preisreduktion des NGS auf ca. 1000,- USD brachte die Genomsequenzierung schon sehr nahe an klinische Anwendungen heran. Bis zum routinemäßigen Einsatz müssen jedoch noch die Daten-Prozessierung, die Speicherung der riesigen Datenmengen und die Interpretation der Ergebnisse vereinfacht werden. Es gibt dafür unterschiedliche Datenbanken, von denen einige angeführt werden. Das Verständnis verschiedener Polymorphismen in Genen von Gerinnungsfaktoren und die Bedeutung der personalisierten Medizin, die ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Risikostratifizierung der Patienten darstellt, wurden sehr vertieft. Beide Aspekte haben heute große Bedeutung und warden im vorliegenden Beitrag diskutiert.
Delta Check Practices and Outcomes: A Q-Probes Study Involving 49 Health Care Facilities and 6541 Delta Check Alerts
Authors: Schifman Ron B. , Talbert Michael , Souers Rhona J. 
Published: April 2017

Context.—
Delta checks serve as a patient-based quality control tool to detect testing problems.

Objective.—
To evaluate delta check practices and outcomes.

Design.—
Q-Probes participants provided information about delta check policies and procedures. Information about investigations, problems, and corrective actions was prospectively collected for up to 100 testing episodes involving delta check alerts.

Results.—
Among 4505 testing episodes involving 6541 delta check alerts, the median frequencies of actions taken among 49 laboratories were clinical review, 38.0%; retest, 25.0%, or recheck, 20.2%; current specimen, nothing, 15.4%; analytical check, 5.0%; other; 2%; and retest or check previous specimen, 0%. Rates of any action taken by analyte ranged from 84 of 179 (46.9%) for glucose to 748 of 868 (86.2%) for hemoglobin and potassium. Among 4505 testing episodes, nontesting problems included physiologic causes (1472; 32.7%); treatment causes (1318; 19.2%); and transfusion causes (846; 9.9%). Testing problems included 77 interference (1.7%), 62 contamination (1.4%), 51 clotting (1.1%), 27 other (0.6%), 12 mislabeling (0.3%), and 5 analytical (0.1%). Testing problems by analyte ranged from 13 of 457 (2.8%) for blood urea nitrogen to 12 of 46 (26.1%) for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Using more delta check analytes was associated with detecting more testing problems (P = .04). More delta check alerts per testing episode resulted in more actions taken (P = .001) and more problems identified (P &lt; .001). The most common outcome among 4500 testing episodes was reporting results without modifications or comments in 2512 (55.8%); results were not reported in 136 (3.0%).

Conclusions.—
Actions taken in response to delta check alerts varied widely, and most testing problems detected were preanalytical. Using a higher number of different analytes and evaluating previous specimens may improve delta check practices.
La lointaine origine de la gouvernance en Afrique : l’arbre à palabres
Authors: Diangitukwa Fweley 
Published: April 2017

L’article s’attarde sur une origine méconnue de la gouvernance, la palabre africaine, afin de compléter les deux autres origines souvent citées, à savoir la corporate governance et la multi‐level governance. La palabre, en tant que lieu de rencontre et de discussion publique sans fin, remplit toutes les conditions pour être analysée comme le meilleur outil de politique publique utilisé dans les sociétés africaines traditionnelles. Cette pratique regroupe les acteurs venant de différents horizons, et couvre presque tous les domaines de la vie : tous les sujets sont publiquement discutés. La volonté générale qui se dégage des échanges est imposée aux parties. En Afrique, la palabre est l’équivalent de l’ « espace public » en Occident (voir Jürgen Habermas) ou encore de l’ « espace participatif ». Dans ce lieu, la vérité ne vient pas de l’autorité, mais elle résulte de la palabre qui met en scène le pouvoir et qui donne du sens au langage. Sans arrogance et sans mépris, l’un va à la rencontre de l’autre pour (r)établir la vérité afin de consolider les liens sociaux et l’unité. Ce texte se limite à présenter les manifestations de la palabre en Afrique subsaharienne dans ses rapports avec la gouvernance moderne.
Les ambiguïtés de la gouvernance judiciaire : autorégulation et qualité dans le Ministère public belge
Authors: Ficet Joël 
Published: April 2017

Joel Ficet (CRIS, Université de Liège) propose une réflexion théorique de l’application du concept polysémique de gouvernance, eu égard à la réorganisation du secteur judiciaire en Belgique. Depuis déjà plusieurs décennies, la Belgique connaît une transformation de son système judiciaire qui s’est notamment traduite par : la création d’instances autonomes de régulation, la contractualisation des relations entre ministères et tribunaux, l’ouverture de l’institution aux citoyens et l’introduction du managérialisme. Soucieux de ne pas gommer la dimension prescriptive de la notion de gouvernance, l’analyse de l’auteur intègre les prises de position et les croyances normatives des acteurs du secteur judiciaire en tant qu’éléments constitutifs « d’un complexe de représentations, de valeurs et d’énoncés naturalisés relatif aux styles d’action publique légitimes et aux instruments pertinents pour la réforme de la Justice ».
Large‐volume lateral magma transport from the Mull volcano: An insight to magma chamber processes
Authors: Ishizuka Osamu , Taylor Rex N. , Geshi Nobuo , Mochizuki Nobutatsu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLong‐distance lateral magma transport within the crust has been inferred for various magmatic systems including oceanic island volcanoes, mid‐oceanic ridges, and large igneous provinces. However, studying the physical and chemical properties of active fissure systems is difficult. Hence, this study investigates the movement of magma away from the Mull volcano in the North Atlantic Igneous Province, where erosion has exposed its upper crustal dike networks. Magmatic lineations within dikes indicate that the magma flow in the Mull dike suite changed from near vertical to horizontal within 30 km of the volcanic center. This implies that distal dikes were fed by lateral magma transport from Mull. Geochemical characteristics indicate that many <50 km long dikes have deep crustal signatures, reflecting storage and assimilation in Lewisian basement. Following crystallization and assimilation in the lower crust, magma fed an upper crustal reservoir, where further fractionation and incorporation of Moinian rocks generated felsic compositions. Distal dikes are andesitic and reflect events in which large volumes of mafic and felsic magma were combined by mixing between lower and upper crustal reservoirs to generate the 30–80 km3 required to supply the long‐distance dikes. Once propagated, compositions along dikes were not significantly affected by assimilation and crystallization. Supplying the distal dikes with magma would have required a large‐scale evacuation of the crustal reservoirs that acted as a potential trigger for explosive volcanism and the caldera formation recorded in Mull central complex.
Explosive processes during the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, as recorded by seafloor hydrophones
Authors: Caplan‐Auerbach J. , Dziak R. P. , Haxel J. , Bohnenstiehl D. R. , Garcia C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFollowing the installation of the Ocean Observatories Initiative cabled array, the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca ridge, became the first submarine eruption to be captured in real time by seafloor seismic and acoustic instruments. This eruption also marked the first instance where the entire eruption cycle of a submarine volcano, from the previous eruption in 2011 to the end of the month‐long 2015 event, was monitored continuously using autonomous ocean bottom hydrophones. Impulsive sounds associated with explosive lava‐water interactions are identified within hydrophone records during both eruptions. Explosions within the caldera are acoustically distinguishable from those occurring in association with north rift lava flows erupting in 2015. Acoustic data also record a series of broadband diffuse events, occurring in the waning phase of the eruption, and are interpreted as submarine Hawaiian explosions. This transition from gas‐poor to gas‐rich eruptive activity coincides with an increase in water temperature within the caldera and with a decrease in the rate of deflation. The last recorded diffuse events coincide with the end of the eruption, represented by the onset of inflation. All the observed explosion signals couple strongly into the water column, and only weakly into the solid Earth, demonstrating the importance of hydroacoustic observations as a complement to seismic and geodetic studies of submarine eruptions.
The Ins and Outs of Ovule Development
Authors: Battaglia Raffaella , Colombo Monica , Kater Martin M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the past few years, ovule development has been widely studied in different plant species, both from a morphological and a more molecular point of view. At early stages of flower development, the placenta becomes specified inside the carpel and ovules develop from this tissue as meristematic protuberances. Shortly after, a complicated genetic network regulates ovule patterning controlling the differentiation of three regions named funiculus, chalaza and nucellus. In the past decade, genes playing important roles during ovule development have been identified, and in a few cases, genetic models that could explain the molecular relationship among these genes have been proposed. Here we focus our attention on the molecular genetic mechanisms that stand at the base of ovule development in the model speciesArabidopsis thalianaand we report an updated description of the molecular networks controlling both sporophytic and gametophytic tissue development in the ovule. Furthermore, we observe that the mechanisms controlling ovule development seem to be evolutionary conserved, even in a distantly related species such as rice.