bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Medicalization of Emotions (I)
Authors: Sibson Ayob Gloria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers attempts to uphold the direct pathologization of distressing emotions by circumventing the BED framework. This circumvention would likely be attempted by appealing to neurophysiological and phenomenological considerations. I will argue that these appeals to phenomenology and to neurophysiology respectively are insufficient to conclusively establish the pathology status of our distressing emotions. This means that judgements of emotional disorder remain opaque: we can only arrive at these judgements through more basic evaluations of our emotional experiences that do not themselves invoke the concept of pathology. In view of this opacity, those seeking to defend the pathologization of distressing emotional experiences will have no choice but to negotiate these basic evaluative dimensions (as set out in the BED framework).
The Medicalization of Emotions (II)
Authors: Sibson Ayob Gloria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins to set out what is at stake as we negotiate the BED framework. I do this by comparing two ways of negotiating this framework—one way results in the pathologization of distressing emotions and the other way does not. Mapping out these respective approaches to negotiating the BED framework enables us to appreciate what is occluded, and what is foregrounded, by each approach – therein giving us a clearer understanding of the choices we are presented with as we navigate this basic evaluative space. At this point, however, it isn’t yet clear that it ultimately matters which way we decide to go.
Emotions and Human Flourishing
Authors: Sibson Ayob Gloria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes up the question, ‘Why does it matter which way we negotiate the BED framework (therein pathologizing distressing emotions or otherwise)?’ Here, I consider two very different conceptions of flourishing: on one conception (which I call the ‘health-based conception of flourishing’ (HF)), it doesn’t make much of a difference either way. However, on an altogether different conception of flourishing (termed the ‘excellence-based conception of flourishing’ (EF)), I argue that it makes all the difference which way we negotiate the BED framework. What the EF conception of flourishing helps us to recover is a distinctly agential dimension in the human experience of emotions—a dimension that is obscured by the pathologization of distressing emotions, and the HF more broadly.
Emotion and the Concepts of Health and Disorder
Authors: Sibson Ayob Gloria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Equipped with the BED analytical framework and the excellence-based conception of flourishing (EF), this chapter can now return to the question with which the inquiry began: how to delineate the boundary between normal and disordered emotion. The chapter compares two ways of addressing this question and argues for the strength of the latter approach: Horwitz and Wakefield’s appeal to biological dysfunction vs the BED/EF approach. This question is then situated within the context of the wider trend towards pathologization (the so-called ‘therapeutic turn’), and it is argued that the therapeutic turn does not offer us any good reason to expand the scope of the concept of emotional disorder.
Conclusion
Authors: Sibson Ayob Gloria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this concluding chapter, I recapitulate the analysis of the concept of emotional disorder that has been put forward in this book, namely that this is a meta-evaluative concept that rides upon more primitive appraisals made of our emotional experiences along the basic evaluative dimensions (BEDs), and that our negotiation of this basic evaluative space is shaped from the top down by our conceptions of human flourishing. The discussion concludes by tracing out one implication of this analysis on the broader debate about the nature of mental disorder, an implication that centres upon the sui generis character of the concept of emotional disorder.
Development and validation of a functional ability index for older adults: a multicohort study
Authors: Chang Yi , Sapkota Suman , Thapa Bipin , Ma Lina , Sheng Linghui , Wang Chaodong , Chhetri Jagadish K , Chan Piu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a functional ability index (FAI) that incorporates aspects of intrinsic capacity and environmental factors of older individuals based on the World Health Organization framework of healthy ageing.

Methods
Data of 7016 participants ≥60 years participating in the baseline survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was used for the development and internal validation of the FAI. External validation was performed in a separate cohort of 1295 older individuals aged ≥60 years. Functional independency was considered the primary outcome and additional proxies of healthy ageing were considered as secondary outcomes. Cluster dendrogram was used to identify the distinct hierarchical clusters of all included variables for inclusion in the FAI. Backward elimination logistic regression model was implemented to identify the most significant variables associated with independency to be included in the FAI.

Results
The FAI score ranged from 0 to 19 and individuals having FAI ≥ 12 were more likely to be independent and at lower risk of negative outcomes. For each unit increase in the FAI the risk of having independency increased by 30%–58% cross-sectionally in the two cohorts, whilst the 2-year risk of independency increased by 20%. The FAI demonstrated a C-statistic of 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 and 0.75) for the primary outcome.

Conclusions
The FAI we developed effectively measured the functional ability status of community dwelling older individuals. FAI could serve as a tool for evaluating older individual’s functional ability in routine health assessment.
COVID-19 and sepsis-related excess mortality in the US during the first three years: A national-wide time series study
Authors: Chen Zhenhu , Tian Yue , Liu Juan , Ran Jinjun , Sun Shengzhi , Zhao Shi , Ge Yang , Martinez Leonardo , Chen Xin , Cao Peihua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic's global impact has been devastating, causing millions of deaths. Our study investigates excess sepsis-related mortality trends over three years during the pandemic. Using CDC's National Vital Statistics System data from January 2018 to March 2023, we projected sepsis-related deaths during the pandemic using a Poisson log-linear regression model. We compared observed versus predicted deaths and analyzed temporal trends by demographics and regions. Among the 753,160 deaths documented between March 2020 and March 2023, a significant downward trend was noted in sepsis-related mortality rates from March 2022 to March 2023, coinciding with the surge of the Omicron variant. The excess mortality rates were 170.6 per million persons (95% CI: 168.2-172.6), 167.5 per million persons (95% CI: 163.6-170.9), and 73.3 per million persons (95% CI: 69.4-76.6) in the first, second, and third years, respectively. Increased sepsis-related mortality was observed across all age subgroups, with the greatest increase noted in those aged 85 years and above compared to middle- and young-aged decedents. Disparities were also observed across racial/ethnic, sex/gender subgroups, and geographic regions. This study highlights the effectiveness of current policies and prevention measures in response to the long-term circulating of SARS-CoV-2 in the community.
Elevated Plasma Level of Arginine and Its Metabolites at Labor Among Women With Preeclampsia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Akhter Tansim , Hedeland Mikael , Bergquist Jonas , Larsson Anders , Axelsson Ove , Hesselman Susanne , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Preeclampsia is associated with higher levels of asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines. Dimethylarginines are inhibitors of nitric oxide, a uterine smooth muscles relaxant. Women with preeclampsia experience a shorter labor duration compared with normotensive women. However, very little is known about the possible biochemical mechanisms behind these differences. We aimed to investigate if women with preeclampsia had higher levels of arginines (ADMA, SDMA, and l-arginine) at labor than controls and also investigate the association between arginines and labor duration.

METHODS
The study was based on data from the Swedish, Uppsala County population-based, prospective cohort BASIC, 2009–2018. Arginines were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography using plasma samples taken at labor from women with preeclampsia (n = 47) and normotensive pregnancy (n = 90). We also analyzed inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1, TNF-R2, and growth differentiation factor (GDF-15).

RESULTS
Women with preeclampsia had higher levels of ADMA (P &lt; 0.001), SDMA (P &lt; 0.001), l-arginine (P &lt; 0.001), TNF-R1 (P &lt; 0.001), TNF-R2 (P = 0.03), and GDF-15 (P &lt; 0.01) compared with controls. Furthermore, ADMA and SDMA, not inflammation markers, were negatively correlated to labor duration in preeclampsia. No correlations were observed when comparing arginines and inflammation markers.

CONCLUSIONS
Among women with preeclampsia, our novel findings of higher level of arginines, negative correlation of arginines to labor duration, and absence of correlation of arginines to inflammation markers might support the theory that it is not inflammation but arginines which could be associated with shorter labor duration in preeclampsia.
Percutaneous External Fixation of Redistributed Orbital Fat in Transcutaneous Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
Authors: Chen Jianwu , Tian Yan , Wu Yanhong , Wang Yuzhi , Li Qi , Zhang Bin , Tang Jianbing , Peng Guang , Cheng Biao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Although percutaneous external fixation has gained popularity in transconjunctival blepharoplasty due to its simplicity and minimal incision, internal fixation remains the standard approach in transcutaneous blepharoplasty.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous external fixation specifically in transcutaneous fat repositioning blepharoplasty.

Methods
A consecutive cohort of 97 patients underwent this surgical technique between May 2022 and December 2023. Building upon the principles of transconjunctival fat repositioning, the procedure involved a minimal incision targeting the muscle layer, a conservative release of the tear trough ligament, and the repositioning of fat secured with percutaneous external fixation. Surgical outcomes were evaluated using the Barton grading system and FACE-Q scales for patient-reported outcomes.

Results
Following a mean follow-up of 7.2 months (range, 6-17 months), a resolution of tear trough deformities and eyelid bags was achieved in over 92% of cases. Notably, significant improvements (P &lt; .05) were observed in lower eyelid aesthetics as measured by the FACE-Q scale, with a concomitant enhancement in patients’ social confidence (P &lt; .05). Overall, patients expressed satisfaction with their decision to undergo the procedure (71.0 ± 19.1). Complications necessitating revision surgery included isolated cases of hematoma evacuation, fat injection, excision of excess fat, and skin excision.

Conclusions
External fixation in transcutaneous blepharoplasty is technically less complex and minimally invasive, effectively securing transposed fat pedicles safely, and presents a viable alternative to conventional fixation techniques.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
Weighted families of contact maps to characterize conformational ensembles of (highly-)flexible proteins
Authors: González-Delgado Javier , Bernadó Pau , Neuvial Pierre , Cortés Juan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Characterizing the structure of flexible proteins, particularly within the realm of intrinsic disorder, presents a formidable challenge due to their high conformational variability. Currently, their structural representation relies on (possibly large) conformational ensembles derived from a combination of experimental and computational methods. The detailed structural analysis of these ensembles is a difficult task, for which existing tools have limited effectiveness.

Results
This study proposes an innovative extension of the concept of contact maps to the ensemble framework, incorporating the intrinsic probabilistic nature of disordered proteins. Within this framework, a conformational ensemble is characterized through a weighted family of contact maps. To achieve this, conformations are first described using a refined definition of contact that appropriately accounts for the geometry of the inter-residue interactions and the sequence context. Representative structural features of the ensemble naturally emerge from the subsequent clustering of the resulting contact-based descriptors. Importantly, transiently populated structural features are readily identified within large ensembles. The performance of the method is illustrated by several use cases and compared with other existing approaches, highlighting its superiority in capturing relevant structural features of highly flexible proteins.

Availability and implementation
An open-source implementation of the method is provided together with an easy-to-use Jupyter notebook, available at https://gitlab.laas.fr/moma/WARIO.
GCI: a continuity inspector for complete genome assembly
Authors: Chen Quanyu , Yang Chentao , Zhang Guojie , Wu Dongya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Recent advances in long-read sequencing technologies have significantly facilitated the production of high-quality genome assembly. The telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gapless assembly has become the new golden standard of genome assembly efforts. Several recent efforts have claimed to produce T2T-level reference genomes. However, a universal standard is still missing to qualify a genome assembly to be at T2T standard. Traditional genome assembly assessment metrics (N50 and its derivatives) have no capacity in differentiating between nearly T2T assembly and the truly T2T assembly in continuity either globally or locally. Additionally, these metrics are independent of raw reads, making them inflated easily by artificial operations. Therefore, a gaplessness evaluation tool at single-nucleotide resolution to reflect true completeness is urgently needed in the era of complete genomes.

Results
Here, we present a tool called Genome Continuity Inspector (GCI), designed to assess genome assembly continuity at single-base resolution, and evaluate how close an assembly is to the T2T level. GCI utilizes multiple aligners to map long reads from various sequencing platforms back to the assembly. By incorporating curated mapping coverage of high-confidence read alignments, GCI identifies potential assembly issues. Meanwhile, it provides GCI scores that quantify overall assembly continuity on the whole genome or chromosome scales.

Availability and implementation
The open-source GCI code is freely available on Github (https://github.com/yeeus/GCI) under the MIT license.
Senescence-related genes are associated with the immunopathology signature of American tegumentary leishmaniasis lesions and may predict progression to mucosal leishmaniasis
Authors: Fantecelle Carlos Henrique , Polaco Covre Luciana , Lopes Paola Oliveira , Sarmento Isabela Valim , Decote-Ricardo Debora , Geraldo Freire-de-Lima Célio , de Matos Guedes Herbert Leonel , Pimentel Maria Inês Fernandes , Conceição-Silva Fatima , Maretti-Mira Ana C , Borges Valéria M , Pedreira de Carvalho Lucas , Carvalho Edgar Marcelino de , Mosser David , Falqueto Aloisio , Akbar Arne N , Gomes Daniel Claudio Oliveira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania and varies from mild localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) form to more severe manifestations such as the diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) form and the mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) form. Previously, we demonstrated the accumulation of senescent cells in skin lesions of patients with LCL. Moreover, lesional transcriptomic analyses revealed a robust co-induction of senescence and pro-inflammatory gene signatures, highlighting the critical role of senescent T cells in orchestrating pathology. In this work we hypothesized that senescent cells might operate differently among the ATL spectrum, potentially influencing immunopathological mechanisms and clinical outcome. We analysed previously published RNA-Seq datasets of skin biopsies of healthy subjects and lesional skin from DCL patients, LCL patients, and LCL patients that, after treatment, progressed to mucosal leishmaniasis (MLP). Our findings demonstrate a robust presence of a CD8 T-cell signature associated with both LCL and MLP lesions. Moreover, both inflammatory and cytotoxic signatures were significantly upregulated, showing a strong increase in MLP and LCL groups, but not DCL. The senescence signature was elevated between LCL and MLP groups, representing the only distinguishable signature of immunopathology between them. Interestingly, our analyses further revealed the senescence signature’s capacity to predict progression from LCL to mucosal forms, which was not observed with other signatures. Both the senescence-signature score and specific senescence-associated genes demonstrated an increased capacity to predict mucosal progression, with correct predictions exceeding 97% of cases. Collectively, our findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of immunosenescence in ATL and suggest that senescence may represent the latest and most important signature of the immunopathogenisis. This highlights its potential value in predicting disease severity.
Essential role of interferon-regulatory factor 4 in regulating diabetogenic CD4+ T and innate immune cells in autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice
Authors: Niri Tetsuro , Inoue Shin-Ichi , Akazawa Satoru , Nishikido Shinpei , Miwa Masaki , Kobayashi Masakazu , Yui Katsuyuki , Okita Minoru , Kawakami Atsushi , Abiru Norio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the transcription factor interferon-regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) prevents the onset of spontaneous diabetes in NOD mice. However, the immunological mechanisms of the IRF4-mediated disease regulation remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of IRF4 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes by conducting adoptive transfer experiments using donor IRF4 gene-deficient CD4+ T cells from BDC2.5-transgenic (Tg) NOD mice and recipient Rag1-knockout NOD mice, respectively. Through this approach, we analyzed both clinical and immunological phenotypes of the recipient mice. Additionally, IRF4-deficient BDC2.5 CD4+ T cells were stimulated to assess their immunological and metabolic phenotypes in vitro. The findings revealed that diabetes was completely prevented in the recipients with Irf4−/− T cells and was approximately 50% lower in those with Irf4+/− T cells than in wild type (WT) controls, whereas Irf4−/− recipients with WT T cells only showed a delayed onset of diabetes. Islet-infiltrating T cells isolated from recipients with Irf4+/− T cells exhibited significantly lower proliferation and IFN-γ/IL-17 double-positive cell fraction rates compared with those in WT controls. Irf4−/− BDC2.5 CD4+ T cells stimulated in vitro showed a reduced number of cell divisions, decreased antigen-specific T-cell markers, and impairment of glycolytic capacity compared with those observed in WT controls. We concluded that IRF4 predominantly regulates the diabetogenic potential in a dose-dependent manner by mediating the proliferation and differentiation of islet-infiltrating T cells while playing an adjunctive role in the innate immune responses toward diabetes progression in NOD mice.
CD8 cell-derived granzyme B may be a predictor for coronary artery involvement and MACE in Takayasu arteritis patients
Authors: Li Taotao , Gao Na , Du Juan , Zhao Limin , Yang Shiyu , Zhang Yaxin , Zhu Junming , Hu Haiou , Qiao Zhiyu , Cui Wei , Pan Lili 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coronary artery involvement (CAI) is a special but not rare manifestation of Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Granzyme B (GzmB) is a multifunctional protease associated with the immune system and coronary artery disease. However, its role in patients with TAK and CAI remains unclear. This study investigates the role of GzmB+ cell subsets in TAK. The study included 105 TAK patients and 58 healthy controls. The percentages of different GzmB+ cells in blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that age, age at onset, body mass index, disease duration month, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were significantly different between TAK patients with and without CAI (P = 0.000, P = 0.038, P = 0.003, P = 0.031, P = 0.039, P = 0.000). The proportions of CD3+CD8+cells (P = 0.001) and CD3+CD4+cells (P = 0.000) in GzmB+ cells were significantly increased, while the proportion of CD3-CD56+cells (P = 0.001) in GzmB+ cells was decreased in TAK patients. The proportions of three types of GzmB+ subsets in lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+GzmB+, CD3+CD8+GzmB+, CD3+CD56+ GzmB+) were higher in TAK patients with CAI compared with those without CAI (P = 0.021, P = 0.007, P = 0.007). The increased proportion of CD3+CD8+GzmB+cells/lymphocytes was an independent risk factor for coronary involvement in TAK (OR = 4.990 [1.766–14.098], P = 0.002). Additionally, patients with a high CD3+CD8+GzmB+cells/lymphocytes ratio had a higher major adverse cardiovascular events rate than those with a low ratio in TAK (P = 0.019). Our results indicate that CD8 cell-derived Gzm B may be a predictor for CAI and major adverse cardiovascular events in TAK patients. Targeting CD3+CD8+GzmB+ lymphocytes or using GzmB inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of CAI in TAK.
The h-faulty-block connectivity of k-ary n-cubes
Authors: Hua Xiaohui , Zhao Qin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The connectivity of a network is an important indicator for assessing its reliability and fault tolerability. However, currently various kinds of connectivity do not well reflect the network’s fault tolerance when facing certain attacks such as Botnet attacks, DDoS attacks, and Local Area Network Denial attacks. Therefore, Lin et al. (A novel measurement for network reliability. IEEE Trans Comput 2021; 70: 17191731.) proposed a new measurement for network reliability. This measurement method can resist the block attack by taking into account of the dispersity of the remaining nodes. Let $G$ be a network, $C \subset V(G)$, and $G[C]$ be a connected subgraph. Then $C$ is called an $h$-faulty-block of $G$ if $G-C$ is disconnected, and every component of $G-C$ has at least $h+1$ nodes. The minimum cardinality over all $h$-faulty-block of $G$ is called $h$-faulty-block connectivity, denoted by $FB_{k_{h}}(G)$. In this paper, we determine $FB_{k_{h}}(Q_{n}^{k})$ for $k$-ary $n$-cube $Q_{n}^{k}$ ($k\geq 3$), a classic interconnection network. We prove that $FB_{k_{0}}(Q_{n}^{3})=3n-1$, $FB_{k_{1}}(Q_{n}^{3})=5n-4$, and $FB_{k_{2}}(Q_{n}^{3})=7n-9$ for $n\geq 3$. Also, we show that $FB_{k_{0}}(Q_{n}^{k})=4n-1$ for $k\geq 4$ and $n\geq 2$, $FB_{k_{1}}(Q_{n}^{4})=6n-4$ for $n\geq 3$, $FB_{k_{1}}(Q_{n}^{k})=6n-3$ for $k\geq 5$ and $n\geq 3$, $FB_{k_{2}}(Q_{n}^{4})=8n-7$ for $n\geq 4$, $FB_{k_{2}}(Q_{n}^{5})=8n-6$ for $n\geq 4$, and $FB_{k_{2}}(Q_{n}^{k})=8n-5$ for $k\geq 6$ and $n\geq 5$.