bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Twins and the Barium Puzzle
Authors: Reddy Arumalla B. S. , Lambert David L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Several abundance analyses of Galactic open clusters (OCs) have shown a tendency for Ba but not for other heavy elements (La−Sm) to increase sharply with decreasing age such that Ba was claimed to reach [Ba/Fe] ≃ +0.6 in the youngest clusters (ages < 100 Myr) rising from [Ba/Fe] = 0.00 dex in solar-age clusters. Within the formulation of the s-process, the difficulty to replicate higher Ba abundance and normal La−Sm abundances in young clusters is known as the barium puzzle. Here, we investigate the barium puzzle using extremely high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra of 24 solar twins and measured the heavy elements Ba, La, Ce, Nd, and Sm with a precision of 0.03 dex. We demonstrate that the enhanced Ba ii relative to La−Sm seen among solar twins, stellar associations, and OCs at young ages (<100 Myr) is unrelated to aspects of stellar nucleosynthesis but has resulted from overestimation of Ba by standard methods of LTE abundance analysis in which the microturbulence derived from the Fe lines formed deep in the photosphere is insufficient to represent the true line broadening imposed on Ba ii lines by the upper photospheric layers from where the Ba ii lines emerge. Because the young stars have relatively active photospheres, Ba overabundances most likely result from the adoption of a too low value of microturbulence in the spectrum synthesis of the strong Ba ii lines but the change of microturbulence in the upper photosphere has only a minor affect on La−Sm abundances measured from the weak lines.
The Ages and Masses of a Million Galactic-disk Main-sequence Turnoff and Subgiant Stars from the LAMOST Galactic Spectroscopic Surveys
Authors: Xiang Maosheng , Liu Xiaowei , Shi Jianrong , Yuan Haibo , Huang Yang , Chen Bingqiu , Wang Chun , Tian Zhijia , Wu Yaqian , Yang Yong , Zhang Huawei , Huo Zhiying , Ren Juanjuan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present estimates of stellar age and mass for 0.93 million Galactic-disk main-sequence turnoff and subgiant stars from the LAMOST Galactic Spectroscopic Surveys. The ages and masses are determined by matching with stellar isochrones using a Bayesian algorithm, utilizing effective temperature

, absolute magnitude

, metallicity [Fe/H], and α-element to iron abundance ratio [α/Fe] deduced from the LAMOST spectra. Extensive examinations suggest the age and mass estimates are robust. Overall, the sample stars have a median error of 34% for the age estimates, and half of the stars older than 2 Gyr have age uncertainties of only 20%–30%. The median error for the mass estimates of the whole sample of stars is ∼8%. The huge data set demonstrates good correlations among stellar age, [Fe/H] ([α/H]), and [α/Fe]. Particularly, double-sequence features are revealed in both the age–[α/Fe] and age–[Fe/H]([α/H]) spaces. In the [Fe/H]–[α/Fe] space, stars of 8–10 Gyr exhibit both the thin and thick disk sequences, while younger (older) stars show only the thin (thick) disk sequence, indicating that the thin disk became prominent 8–10 Gyr ago, while the thick disk formed earlier and was almost quenched 8 Gyr ago. Stellar ages exhibit positive vertical and negative radial gradients across the disk, and the outer disk of R ≳ 9 kpc exhibits a strong flare in stellar age distribution.
The Turbulent Chiral Magnetic Cascade in the Early Universe
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Schober Jennifer , Rogachevskii Igor , Kahniashvili Tina , Boyarsky Alexey , Fröhlich Jürg , Ruchayskiy Oleg , Kleeorin Nathan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The presence of asymmetry between fermions of opposite handedness in plasmas of relativistic particles can lead to exponential growth of a helical magnetic field via a small-scale chiral dynamo instability known as the chiral magnetic effect. Here, we show, using dimensional arguments and numerical simulations, that this process produces through the Lorentz force chiral magnetically driven turbulence. A

magnetic energy spectrum emerges via inverse transfer over a certain range of wavenumbers k. The total chirality (magnetic helicity plus normalized chiral chemical potential) is conserved in this system. Therefore, as the helical magnetic field grows, most of the total chirality gets transferred into magnetic helicity until the chiral magnetic effect terminates. Quantitative results for height, slope, and extent of the spectrum are obtained. Consequences of this effect for cosmic magnetic fields are discussed.
Le marketing et l’édition : mythes et réalité ou I’esprit (marketing) et la lettre
Authors: Geoffroy-Bernard Françoise 
Published: August 2017

Le marketing n’est apparu dans l’édition française qu’en début des années 1980. Vingt ans après, quelle est la réalité de la fonction marketing dans les maisons d’édition ? Existe-t-elle vraiment et parvient-elle à trouver sa légitimité ? Comment s’élabore au quotidien un marketing spécifique, qui parvient à conjuguer impératifs esthétiques et nécessités économiques dans un secteur qui ne lui est pas a priori favorable ? Après avoir mis en évidence quelques paradoxes et mythes tenaces qui illustrent la méconnaissance bien partagée de cette « discipline », il importe de repérer les facteurs qui ont favorisé l’essor de ce nouveau métier de l’édition, ainsi que les étapes jalonnant son apparition dans les entreprises. Enfin, il s’agira de proposer une « typologie » du marketing permettant des applications adaptées et pertinentes, y compris en littérature générale.
« Qui perd gagne ! »
Authors: Louis Julien 
Published: August 2017

L’article prend pour objet l’une des rares affaires portées devant la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne (CJUE) par une organisation syndicale française, la Confédération générale du travail (CGT). Cette étude de cas analyse les conditions du recours au droit et à la justice de l’UE par la CGT ainsi que les effets de cette saisie sur la cause défendue par le syndicat. Pour ce faire, la démonstration s’appuie sur les différentes pièces du dossier judiciaire (mémoires des parties, rapports des magistrats, plaidoiries, arrêts) ainsi que sur des entretiens conduits avec les protagonistes de l’affaire (militants et juristes syndicaux, agent du gouvernement, avocat, universitaire). Ainsi, nous montrons d’une part que la mobilisation du droit européen par les acteurs syndicaux s’opère progressivement, par déplacements successifs au sein de différentes arènes judiciaires (Tribunal d’instance, Conseil constitutionnel, Cour de cassation et CJUE) grâce au concours de toute une série d’intermédiaires, avocats, universitaires, magistrats ; d’autre part, que le recours au droit et à la justice de l’UE a pour effet de reformuler la cause défendue par le syndicat, puisque de la défense d’un salarié et d’une remise en cause d’un article du Code du travail français, l’enjeu devient la définition de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’UE.
Une pédagogie du droit sous contrainte. Les syndicalistes et les inspecteurs du travail dans l’activité de consultation juridique
Authors: Willemez Laurent 
Published: August 2017

L’objectif de l’article est d’étudier une activité juridique rarement prise en compte dans les travaux sur les usages syndicaux du droit du travail : les consultations juridiques au niveau local. L’analyse localisée des consultations juridiques dans des espaces différents où sont donnés des conseils juridiques aux salariés que sont les unions locales de trois syndicats (CGT, CFDT et FO) et la direction départementale du travail montre la spécificité de ces conseils : ils constituent d’abord un travail de filtrage de la demande des salariés, souvent démunis, et une première forme de traduction juridique des sentiments d’injustice et des difficultés vécues par les salariés dans leur entreprise. Dès lors, les acteurs chargés de ces conseils, militants syndicaux et agents de contrôle de l’inspection du travail, considèrent globalement ce travail comme une activité politique de défense des salariés dans des relations de travail asymétriques. L’article insiste ensuite sur les différences entre les deux groupes de « fournisseurs » de conseil, en montrant comment l’exercice de ces activités est lié à des logiques organisationnelles et d’ethos professionnel.
La méthode d’Edward P. Thompson
Authors: Tarragoni Federico 
Published: August 2017

La publication presque complète en français de l’œuvre d’E. P. Thompson invite désormais les sciences sociales à un débat de fond sur la fécondité heuristique de son travail. Depuis vingt ans, les usagers non-historiens de Thompson se sont limités à opérationnaliser son concept d’« économie morale de la foule ». Mais la cohérence profonde de son projet intellectuel relève davantage de la méthode critique qui le traverse de part en part. Indissociable de son style argumentatif, cette méthode tient dans une double clé : une compréhension sociologique de la « politique populaire » et une épistémologie de l’expérience, donnant tout son sens à la méthode de l’« history from below ». C’est à partir de cette double entrée que l’on peut saisir l’ouverture anthropologique sur le politique dont fait preuve Thompson, c’est-à-dire son attention à la possibilité , dans toute société humaine, tant du passé que du présent, de la liberté et de l’émancipation.
Walleye Age Estimation Using Otoliths and Dorsal Spines: Preparation Techniques and Sampling Guidelines Based on Sex and Total Length
Authors: Dembkowski Daniel J. , Isermann Daniel A. , Koenigs Ryan P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We used dorsal spines and otoliths from 735 Walleye Sander vitreus collected from 35 Wisconsin water bodies to evaluate whether 1) otolith and dorsal spine cross sections provided age estimates similar to simpler methods of preparation (e.g., whole otoliths and dorsal spines, cracked otoliths); and 2) between-reader precision and differences between spine and otolith ages varied in relation to total length (TL), sex, and growth rate. Ages estimated from structures prepared using simpler techniques were generally similar to ages estimated using thin sections of dorsal spines and otoliths, suggesting that, in some instances, much of the additional processing time and specialized equipment associated with thin sectioning could be avoided. Overall, between-reader precision was higher for sectioned otoliths (mean coefficient of variation [CV] = 3.28%; standard error [SE] = 0.33%) than for sectioned dorsal spines (mean CV = 9.20%; SE = 0.56%). When using sectioned otoliths for age assignment, between-reader precision did not vary between sexes or growth categories (i.e., fast, moderate, slow), but between-reader precision was higher for females than males when using sectioned dorsal spines. Dorsal spines were generally effective at replicating otolith ages for male Walleye &lt;450 mm TL and female Walleye &lt;600 mm TL, suggesting that dorsal spines can be used to estimate ages for male Walleye &lt;450 mm TL and female Walleye &lt;600 mm TL. If sex is unknown, we suggest dorsal spines be used to estimate ages for Walleye &lt;450 mm TL, but that otoliths be used for fish &gt;450 mm TL. Our results provide useful guidance on structure and preparation technique selection for Walleye age estimation, thereby allowing biologists to develop sampling guidelines that could be implemented using information that is always (TL) or often (sex) available at the time of fish collection.
Through the eyes of children: Exploring Grade 7 career aspirations
Authors: Robinson Lucy , Diale Boitumelo 
Published: August 2017

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The shift in recent years towards the lifespan concept of career development, which views career behaviour as occurring in stages beginning in childhood and continuing throughout life, has meant that it has become increasingly important to assist learners in fulfilling their career goals. There is, however, a scarcity of research on the career aspirations of primary school learners, especially those from low socio-economic backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> This article describes research conducted on the career aspirations of Grade 7 learners at a community school.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> The study is set within an interpretivist paradigm and utilises a generic qualitative research design.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The study involved a purposefully selected group of Grade 7 learners from a local community school. As part of the study, each learner completed a collage and sociogram, and took part in a group interview.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Themes that emerged from the data analysis were: career aspirations that seek to fulfil hopes and dreams, the role of the family in shaping career aspirations and counting the ‘cost’ of career aspirations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of the study indicated that there is a need to explore learners’ career aspirations from an early age in order to expose them to various career choices in the constantly changing world of work.</p>
Exploring women’s perceptions regarding successful investment planning practices
Authors: Venter Elmarie , Kruger Janine 
Published: August 2017

Background: Compared to men, women are not as confident and knowledgeable about financial and investment matters. As a result, women often do not conduct investment planning until it is too late, and they are confronted with a financial crisis or a life predicament such as a divorce or death. In addition, limited scientific research exists on the investment planning practices of women in South Africa. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on investment planning by better understanding the unique financial needs and challenges of women. Recommendations made by this study will assist women and financial planners to make more informed investment decisions as they progress through life.Aim: Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to investigate the factors that influence women’s perceived successful investment planning in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. After conducting a comprehensive literature study, six factors (independent variables), namely, values, attitudes, time horizon, personal life cycle, risks and returns, and investment knowledge, were identified as influencing the perceived successful investment planning (dependent variable) of women.Setting: As this study focussed on the perceptions of women concerning the factors that influence successful investment planning, the target population was all women in the Nelson Mandela Bay area older than 20 years with some investment experience.Methods: A quantitative research methodology was followed, and data were collected from 207 women using a structured self-administered questionnaire.Results: The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that only one independent variable emerged as having a significant influence on perceived successful investment planning of women, namely, investment knowledge.Conclusion: Based on the empirical results of this study, several recommendations have been made in an attempt to assist women to make more informed investment decisions and manage their investment planning more effectively as they progress through life.
Can an inadequate cervical cytology sample in ThinPrep be converted to a satisfactory sample by processing it with a SurePath preparation?
Authors: Sørbye Sveinung Wergeland , Pedersen Mette Kristin , Ekeberg Bente , Williams Merete E. Johansen , Sauer Torill , Chen Ying 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Program recommends screening every 3 years for women between 25 and 69 years of age. There is a large difference in the percentage of unsatisfactory samples between laboratories that use different brands of liquid-based cytology. We wished to examine if inadequate ThinPrep samples could be satisfactory by processing them with the SurePath protocol.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 187 inadequate ThinPrep specimens from the Department of Clinical Pathology at University Hospital of North Norway were sent to Akershus University Hospital for conversion to SurePath medium. Ninety-one (48.7%) were processed through the automated “gynecologic” application for cervix cytology samples, and 96 (51.3%) were processed with the “nongynecological” automatic program.

Results:
Out of 187 samples that had been unsatisfactory by ThinPrep, 93 (49.7%) were satisfactory after being converted to SurePath. The rate of satisfactory cytology was 36.6% and 62.5% for samples run through the “gynecology” program and “nongynecology” program, respectively. Of the 93 samples that became satisfactory after conversion from ThinPrep to SurePath, 80 (86.0%) were screened as normal while 13 samples (14.0%) were given an abnormal diagnosis, which included 5 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 5 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 2 atypical glandular cells not otherwise specified, and 1 atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. A total of 2.1% (4/187) of the women got a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or higher at a later follow-up.

Conclusions:
Converting cytology samples from ThinPrep to SurePath processing can reduce the number of unsatisfactory samples. The samples should be run through the “nongynecology” program to ensure an adequate number of cells.
Critical Update on Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Chernichenko Natalya 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Salivary gland neoplasms are relatively rare tumors with a wide range of biologic behavior. Early low-grade malignancies could be adequately treated with surgery alone, while larger locally advanced tumors will require adjuvant radiation therapy. The role of chemotherapy remains palliative. The goal of this article is to provide a critical review of recent literature on diagnosis and management of salivary neoplasms.

How to cite this article
Chernichenko N. Critical Update on Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):71-75.
Trends in Maternal Mortality in Medical College Jabalpur, India in the last 15 Years
Authors: Sahu Bharti , Tiwari Priyadarshini , Saraogi Pooja , Badkur Poorva , Choudhary Varsha R 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of our article was to study the causes of maternal deaths in our institution from the year 2001 to 2015 and to see whether there has been any decline in the preventable causes of death and if our results are comparable with the statistics of the state.

Materials and methods
The data pertaining to maternal mortality from 2001 to 2016 were entered in Excel sheets, and data analysis was done in Excel software. The impact of government schemes on mortality and antenatal care was evaluated and the problems at the tertiary care center were analyzed.

Results
Eclampsia and anemia, which are largely preventable causes of death, were and still continue to be the leading causes of mortality in our institution which is the tertiary referral center for a large tribal belt. Though data differ, the maternal mortality in our institution rose at the time of implementation of government schemes to fall to previous levels by 2015.

Conclusion
There has been a definite reduction in the maternal mortality of the state. In spite of various government schemes for promoting hospital deliveries and registering antenatal patients for care, the preventable causes of death still appear to be leading in maternal mortality. Our antenatal care needs further improvement and so does our tertiary level care.

Clinical significance
Government schemes have helped in getting critical referrals to tertiary care centers. Further reduction in mortality can be achieved only if our antenatal care and tertiary care can be improved.

How to cite this article
Tiwari P, Badkur P, Sahu B, Saraogi P, Choudhary VR. Trends in Maternal Mortality in Medical College Jabalpur, India in the last 15 Years. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):239-244.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Shankar Poornima , Gunasingh Shaanthy 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To study the effect of age and parity in pelvic floor anatomy in women with pelvic floor dysfunction and the changes in pelvic floor anatomy after a course of pelvic floor exercises.

Design
A prospective study at Government Kilpauk Medical College (KMC), Chennai.

Materials and methods
Patients with pelvic floor dysfunction are subjected to clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The changes in anatomy are analyzed in terms of levator hiatus dimension and descent of the pelvic organs. Substratified analysis is done and mean diameters in each degree of prolapse are identified (Chi-square tests using cross tables). Patients with cystocele, rectocele, or enterocele are also compared in both clinical examination and MRI and the degree of correlation is measured (inter-rater kappa). The changes in pelvic floor anatomy in terms of H line, M line, and levator plate angle with respect to age and parity are studied. In patients with lower degrees of prolapse, the changes in anatomy in terms of H line, M line, and levator plate angle are studied after a course of pelvic floor exercises (post hoc tests and paired t-tests). The area under curve of receiver-operating curve in each degree of prolapse is seen and the critical cut-off value of the various anatomical parameters above which a patient develops a prolapse is calculated.

Results
Ninety patients with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction were studied with clinical examination and MRI. Levator hiatus width cut off at rest above 5 cm and at straining above 5.8 cm develops clinical first-degree prolapse. Levator plate angle of more than 44.4° develops a clinical first-degree prolapse. With increasing age there is an increase in mean values of levator hiatus width at straining, levator plate angle, and descent of various organs. With increasing parity, there is an increase in mean values of levator hiatus width at rest and straining and increase in descent at straining.

Conclusion
Magnetic resonance imaging should be considered as a pretreatment planning tool when the physical findings are equivocal.

How to cite this article
Shankar P, Gunasingh S. Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):250-254.