bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling children's waist circumference for differences in body size
Authors: Nevill Alan M , Duncan Michael J. , Lahart Ian M , Davies Paul , Ramirez‐Velez Robinson , Sandercock Gavin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesBoth waist circumference (WC) and body size (height) increase with age throughout childhood. Hence, there is a need to scale WC in children to detect differences in adiposity status (eg, between populations and different age groups), independent of body size/height.MethodsUsing two culturally different samples, 1 English (10–15.9 years n = 9471) and 2 Colombian (14–15 years, n = 37,948), for WC to be independent of height (HT), a body shape index was obtained using the allometric power law WC = a.HTb. The model was linearized using log‐transformation, and multiple regression/ANCOVA to estimate the height exponents for WC controlling for age, sex, and any other categorical/population differences.ResultsIn both samples, the power‐law height exponent varied systematically with age. In younger children (age 10–11 years), the exponent was approximately unity, suggesting that pre‐pubertal children might be geometrically similar. In older children, the height exponent declined monotonically to 0.5 (ie, HT0.5) in 15+ year‐olds, similar to the exponent observed in adults. UK children's height‐adjusted WC revealed a “u” shaped curve with age that appeared to reach a minimum at peak‐height velocity, different for boys and girls. Comparing the WC of two populations (UK versus Colombian 14–15‐year‐old children) identified that the gap in WC between the countries narrowed considerably after scaling for height.ConclusionsScaling children's WC for differences in height using allometric modeling reveals new insights into the growth and development of children's WC, findings that might well have been be overlooked if body size/height had been ignored.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐N‐Methylwelwitindolinone B Isothiocyanate
Authors: Reyes Julius R. , Xu Jiasu , Kobayashi Kenichi , Bhat Vikram , Rawal Viresh H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of (−)‐N‐methylwelwitindolinone B isothiocyanate is reported. Critical challenges overcome through these studies include the stereoselective installation of the sterically congested C13 alkyl chloride and control of the wayward reactivity of the indole unit to standard oxidants. A Pt‐catalyzed hydrosilylation helped stymie unwanted rearrangements facilitated by vinyl group participation during the chloride installation step, and a new FeII‐catalyzed oxidation accomplished the problematic conversion of indole into 2‐indolinone.
Synthesis and evaluation of hyaluronic acid hydrogels modified with various crosslinkers as biodegradable polymers
Authors: Obata H. , Yamazaki Y. , Matsunaga T. , Sato T. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTHyaluronic acid (HA), a high‐molecular‐weight natural polysaccharide, is often used in medical devices for regenerative medicine as it can undergo biodegradation via enzymatic action in the human body. HA exhibits both viscoelasticity and high biocompatibility and has therefore been used for ocular surgery. In particular, HA‐based hydrogels have been utilized as cell scaffold materials and devices in ophthalmological treatments. In this study, four hydrogels have been synthesized from HA derivatives with methacrylate groups and modified with crosslinkers such as adipic acid dihydrazide, divinyl sulfone, and dithiothreitol. Each of the synthesized hydrogels exhibits high transparency and strength as well as biodegradabilityin vitro. Hence, these HA‐based hydrogels demonstrate potential for applications as drug delivery systems and implants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45453.
Electromagnetic interference properties of carbon nanofiber–reinforced acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate/natural graphite composites
Authors: Song Jianbin , Zhang Qixing , Hu Haibin , Jiang Yifan , Zhang Huiliang , Zhang Mingxin , Yuan Zhanhui 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAcrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate/natural graphite/carbon nanofiber composites (ASA/NG/CNF) were prepared using a melting blending method. The effects of CNFs on the morphology, rheological properties, dynamical mechanical properties, electrical resistivity, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) were studied using a scanning electron microscope, a rotational rheometer, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The addition of CNFs changed the oriented and laminated structure of the ASA/NG composite. The flexural strength of the ASA composite reached a maximum at 6% CNF, and then it began to decrease. The addition of CNFs did not alter the glass‐transition temperature of ASA, but it largely increased the storage modulus of the composite in DMA tests. In the rheological measurements, the complex viscosity and storage modulus of the composite increased as CNF content increased, and the resistance to creep of the composites was significantly increased by the addition of CNFs. The electrical resistivity of the ASA composites decreased from 49.8 Ω cm to 2.3 Ω cm as the CNF content was increased from 0 to 12%. At the same time, the EMI properties of the composites rose from 15 dB to 30 dB in the frequency range 30–1500 MHz. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45455.
Understanding the role of internal microstructure in capsule‐based healing of polymeric composites
Authors: Tripathi Manorama , Kumar Devendra , Roy Prasun Kumar 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of microcapsules possessing varied internal microstructure toward introducing extrinsic self‐healing functionality in epoxy has been compared. Unsaturated polyester was encapsulated in microcapsules by adopting different methodologies. Microcapsules formed using dispersion polymerization exhibited “reservoir” microstructure while solvent evaporation led to the formation of “monolithic” microcapsules. Theoretical model was developed to predict the amount of healant released in the event of microcapsule rupture, which clearly highlighted the benefits associated with reservoir type microcapsules, especially at lower core contents. At larger core contents (≥50% vol/vol), all the micro‐droplets within the monolithic structure coalesced to form a healant reservoir. Self‐healing composites were prepared by introducing both types of microcapsules in an epoxy matrix and the healing efficiency was quantified. In line with the theoretical predictions, reservoir type microcapsules led to much higher healing efficiencies in comparison to monolithic microcapsules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45471.
Effects of two‐dimensional programming on microstructures and thermal properties of shape memory polymer‐based composites
Authors: Shen Dongya , Shi Shuang , Xu Tao 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effects of two‐dimensional (2D) programming on thermal properties of shape memory polymer (SMP)‐based composites when exposed to high temperature, the specimens of composites were prepared and programmed. Then the morphology, thermal properties, dynamic evolution, and constituents of released gaseous products were characterized. Results indicate that the programmed composite is more compacted, but the proportion of interconnected voids is larger than that in the nonprogrammed sample. 2D programming causes molecular or segmental orientations in SMP, and leads to the decrease in the char yield from 16.1 to 8.1%. The programmed sample shows a lower thermal stability. Further, the melting enthalpy of nonprogrammed composite is 1012 J/g which is lower than 1100 J/g of the programmed sample. The prestored stress in oriented molecules or segments of SMP is more prone to cause the chain scissions. The dynamic evolution and constituents of released volatiles from nonprogrammed and programmed samples are similar, but the release amount of volatiles from the latter is larger. Finally, the more compacted charring layer of nonprogrammed composite is more efficient to prevent volatiles from releasing out. The 2D programming has a slight influence on the elemental contents of O, Si, and C in the charring layer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45480.
Sea turtles bycatch in the Adriatic Sea set net fisheries and possible hot‐spot identification
Authors: Lucchetti Alessandro , Vasapollo Claudio , Virgili Massimo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Bycatch resulting from fishing activities is the main threat for the conservation of sea turtles in the Mediterranean Sea. Fixed nets are a matter of concern for sea turtles mainly in coastal areas during the neritic stage when both juvenile and adult life stages are affected. Mortality caused by entanglement in set nets is related to forced apnoea due to the high soak time of the nets and consequent drowning.
This study investigated the loggerhead turtle bycatch in set net coastal fisheries in the northern Adriatic Sea (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Geographical Sub‐Area 17, [GSA 17]) through an interview‐based approach, to understand the potential contribution of these fisheries to the general decline of the sea turtle population. A second goal was to identify a possible hot‐spot turtle bycatch area through on‐board observations.
The study estimates that more than 5400 turtles are caught in the west GSA 17 each year with the largest number in the summer. A hot‐spot for entanglement was also identified in an area located south of the River Po delta (41.5–69 m depth) during the summer. Sixty‐four turtles were caught over a period of 30 fishing days by either trammel nets and gillnets (0.7 and 0.5 turtle per km of net respectively) and was the greatest number that has been observed anywhere in the Mediterranean.
Possible management strategies to reduce bycatch include technical modification to gear setting (such as reducing netting slack and using small meshes), bycatch reducer devices (such as LED UV), and area and seasonal gear restrictions to small‐scale fisheries in areas of greatest concern in the northern Adriatic Sea.
Characterizing cross‐subject spatial interaction patterns in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies: A two‐stage point‐process model
Authors: Lee Adél , Särkkä Aila , Madhyastha Tara M. , Grabowski Thomas J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe develop a two‐stage spatial point process model that introduces new characterizations of activation patterns in multisubject functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies. Conventionally multisubject fMRI methods rely on combining information across subjects one voxel at a time in order to identify locations of peak activation in the brain. The two‐stage model that we develop here addresses shortcomings of standard methods by explicitly modeling the spatial structure of functional signals and recognizing that corresponding cross‐subject functional signals can be spatially misaligned. In our first stage analysis, we introduce a marked spatial point process model that captures the spatial features of the functional response and identifies a configuration of activation units for each subject. The locations of these activation units are used as input for the second stage model. The point process model of the second stage analysis is developed to characterize multisubject activation patterns by estimating the strength of cross‐subject interactions at different spatial ranges. The model uses spatial neighborhoods to account for the cross‐subject spatial misalignment in corresponding functional units. We applied our methods to an fMRI study of 21 individuals who performed an attention test. We identified four brain regions that are involved in the test and found that our model results agree well with our understanding of how these regions engage with the tasks performed during the attention test. Our results highlighted that cross‐subject interactions are stronger in brain areas that have a more specific function in performing the experimental tasks than in other areas.
Culprit plaque characteristics in younger versus older patients with acute coronary syndromes: An optical coherence tomography study from the FORMIDABLE registry
Authors: Barbero Umberto , Scacciatella Paolo , Iannaccone Mario , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Niccoli Giampaolo , Colombo Francesco , Ugo Fabrizio , Colangelo Salvatore , Mancone Massimo , Calcagno Simone , Sardella Gennaro , Amabile Nicolas , Motreff Pascal , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Garbo Roberto , Tamburino Corrado , Montefusco Antonio , Omedè Pierluigi , Moretti Claudio , D'amico Maurizio , Souteyrand Geraud , Gaita Fiorenzo , Templin Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesCulprit plaque characteristics in young patients who experience an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) evaluated by OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) have to be defined. The OCT‐FORMIDABLE is a multicentre retrospective registry enrolling consecutive patients with ACS who performed OCT in 9 European centres.MethodsPatients were divided in two groups according to age at presentation: juvenile‐ACS (age ≤ 50 years) and not juvenile‐ACS (age > 50 years). Primary end‐point was the prevalence of plaque rupture (PR). Secondary end point was the prevalence of thin cap fibro atheroma (TCFA), fibrocalcific and fibrotic plaque.Results285 patients were included, 71 (24.9%) in juvenile‐ACS group and 215 (75.1%) in not juvenile‐ACS group. Younger patients showed a trend for a higher prevalence of TCFA (70 vs. 58%, P = 0.06) and thrombus presence (62 vs. 51%, P = 0.1), while no statistical difference concerning PR (70 vs. 64%, P = 0.29). Of interest patients younger that 35 years showed a higher prevalence of PR compared to patients aged between 35 and 45 or 45 and 50 years (100 vs. 72 vs. 55%, P = 0.03). Culprit plaque in juvenile‐ACS group showed more frequently a reduced mean cap thickness (119 ± 66 vs. 155 ± 95 nm, P = 0.05) and less frequently fibrotic (32 vs. 57%, P < 0.001) or fibrocalcific (17 vs. 36%, P = 0.003) characteristics.Conclusionyoung patients with ACS show a trend for a higher prevalence of culprit PR, a thinner cap and less fibrotic or fibrocalcific components.
Recurrent myocardial infarction in a 47‐year‐old woman with a mechanical mitral valve prosthesis: Atherosclerosis, embolism, or spasm?
Authors: Claessen Bimmer E. , van den Boogert Thomas P. W. , Piek Jan J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a case of a 47‐year‐old woman with a mechanical mitral valve prosthesis and recurrent myocardial infarction. The most common etiology of spontaneous myocardial infarction is an acute coronary syndrome caused by rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque. However, the differential diagnosis in the patient described below also included infarction due to embolization or coronary spasm. It can be challenging to discriminate between the different causes of myocardial infarction based on interpretation of symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, and electrocardiography alone. This report illustrates the value of coronary angiography with invasive coronary spasm provocation testing using intracoronary acetylcholine to identify the etiology of her recurrent myocardial infarctions.
Intra‐procedural continuous dialysis to facilitate interventional catheterization in pediatric patients with severe renal failure
Authors: Opina Angeline D. , Qureshi Athar M. , Brewer Eileen , Elenberg Ewa , Swartz Sarah , Michael Mini , Justino Henri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundInterventional catheterization procedures may be needed for patients with severe renal failure who are dependent on dialysis. To avoid the risk of fluid overload and electrolyte derangement during complex procedures in this oliguric/anuric patient population, we performed intra‐procedural dialysis, either continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or continous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD).MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of a cohort of pediatric patients, ages 0–18 years, with dialysis‐dependent renal failure who received CRRT or CCPD during catheterization procedures from January 2013 to March 2016.ResultsEight patients underwent a total of nine interventional catheterization procedures while receiving intra‐procedural dialysis. Median age was 4.5 years (range 8 months to 17 years) and weight, 11.6 kg (11.2–62.6 kg). Six patients had end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and two patients had acute kidney injury (AKI), one due to hepatorenal syndrome and one due to multifactorial causes associated with congenital heart disease. The most common reason for catheterization was occlusive venous thrombosis requiring recanalization. CRRT was used during five cases and CCPD during four cases. Median procedure time was 337 min (95–651 min) and median contrast dose 4.2 mL kg−1 (1.2–8.2 mL kg−1). Euvolemia was maintained based on pre‐ and post‐catheterizations weights, and no significant electrolyte abnormalities occurred based on lab monitoring during and post‐procedure.ConclusionsIntra‐procedural dialysis using CRRT or CCPD enables even small pediatric patients with severe renal failure to undergo long and complex interventional catheterizations by reducing the risk of fluid overload and electrolyte abnormalities. Collaboration between nephrology, cardiology, and dialysis teams is necessary for successful management of this challenging patient population.
Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Halides to Produce Primary Amides by Using NH4HCO3 Dually as Ammonia Surrogate and Base
Authors: Wang Dong‐Liang , Liu Huan , Yang Da , Wang Peng , Lu Yong , Liu Ye 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient and clean protocol was developed for rapid production of primary aromatic amides by aminocarbonylation with NH4HCO3. Without addition of auxiliary base, the use of solid and cheap NH4HCO3 dually as ammonia surrogate and base not only promoted aminocarbonylation over subsequent dehydration and hydrolysis of amides owing to its weak basicity, and it also made the reaction manipulation clean and simplified without the presence of stinky NH3 or organic amines. The Xantphos ligand with relatively intensive π‐acceptor character (1J31P–77Se=758 Hz) and wide natural bite angle (βn=111°) was found to be indispensable for the high efficiency of this reaction.
Intermacrocyclic Interaction Triggers Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of a Chlorin–Porphyrin Heterodimer
Authors: Pandit Younis Ahmad , Sanfui Sarnali , Rath Sankar Prasad 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis work reports a highly facile one‐pot synthesis of a new series of fully π‐conjugated unsymmetric chlorin–porphyrin heterodimers with quantitative yields by utilizing intermacrocyclic interactions. One‐electron oxidations of dicopper(II) and dipalladium(II) porphyrin dimers using mild oxidants such as iodine at room temperature resulted in the formation of a strongly interacting cofacial mixed‐valent π‐cation radical dimers. The radical, being highly reactive, drives spontaneous and rapid transformation involving a new N=C bond formation, 1,2‐ethyl migration, and the generation of a new indolizinium ring that bridges between the two macrocycles. X‐ray structural characterization of the heterodimers reveals that the two macrocycles are nearly coplanar and thereby extends the π‐conjugation from one end to the other. DFT calculations that reproduce the experimental results are also reported.
Experimental study of gas pressure drop in rotating packed bed with rotational‐stationary packing
Authors: Liu Xuewu , Jing Manjun , Chen Shuhua , Du Leilei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRotating packed bed (RPB) with rotational‐stationary packing is a novel instrument that could greatly enhance mass transfer compared with the conventional packed columns. The structure of rotational‐stationary packing makes the gas repeatedly enter the packing to increase the end effect. Meanwhile, owing to the resistance of the packing to the gas, the gas pressure drop of rotating packed bed with rotational‐stationary packing becomes the necessary factor that can evaluate the equipment. The gas pressure drop of the dry bed and wet bed were determined at various operating variables, including the rotational speed, the gas flow rate, and the liquid flow rate. In this work, the gas pressure drop was classified on the basis of the gas flow path and the corresponding theoretical formulas were provided. The pressure drop of the dry bed increased with increasing rotational speed and gas flow rate was observed, and the liquid flow rate had little influence on the pressure drop of the wet bed. Finally, the experimental values were fitted to the theoretical formula and the relationship between total pressure drop and rotational speed, gas flow rate in a RPB with rotational‐stationary packing was presented. The theoretical calculated values agreed well with the experimental data with a deviation within 6 %. These will provide the gas pressure drop theoretical calculation formula for a kind of RPB with rotational‐stationary packing.
Disparities in location of death of adolescents and young adults with cancer: A longitudinal, population study in California
Authors: Rajeshuni Nitya , Johnston Emily E. , Saynina Olga , Sanders Lee M. , Chamberlain Lisa J. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDPatients with a terminal illness should have access to their chosen location of death. Cancer is the leading cause of non‐accidental death among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; those aged 15‐39 years). Although surveys have suggested that a majority of these patients prefer a home death, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding their barriers to accessing their preferred location of death. As a first step, the authors sought to determine, across a large population, 20‐year trends in the location of death among AYA patients with cancer.METHODSUsing the Vital Statistics Death Certificate Database of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, the authors performed a retrospective, population‐based analysis of California patients with cancer aged 15 to 39 years who died between 1989 and 2011. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with hospital death were examined using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTSOf 30,573 AYA oncology decedents, 57% died in a hospital, 33% died at home, and 10% died in other locations (eg, hospice facility or nursing facility). Between 1989 and 1994, hospital death rates decreased from 68.3% to 53.6% and at‐home death rates increased from 16.8% to 35.5%. Between 1995 and 2011, these rates were stable. Those individuals who were more likely to die in a hospital were those aged <30 years, of minority race, of Hispanic ethnicity, who lived ≤10 miles from a specialty center, and who had a diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma.CONCLUSIONSOverall, the majority of AYA cancer deaths occurred in a hospital, with a 5‐year shift to more in‐home deaths that abated after 1995. In‐hospital deaths were more common among younger patients, patients of minority race/ethnicities, and those with a leukemia or lymphoma diagnosis. Further study is needed to determine whether these rates and disparities are consistent with patient preferences. Cancer 2017;123:4178–4184. © 2017 American Cancer Society.