bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case‐based surveillance study in judicial districts in Turkey: Child sexual abuse sample from four provinces
Authors: Sofuoglu Zeynep , Cankardas Nalbantcilar Sinem , Oral Resmiye , Ince Basak 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChild sexual abuse is a universal public health problem. Although studies have reported that 11% to 37% of children have been sexually abused in Turkey, no accurate information is available. Thus, this study aims to investigate child sexual abuse cases registered in legal databases in select provinces in Turkey to improve our epidemiological understanding of regionally reported cases. The sample of this study consists of child sexual abuse cases filed with courthouses in four provinces in Turkey under Articles 103 and 104 of the Turkish Criminal Law, between October 2010 and October 2011. Retrospective review of these case files revealed 1,005 cases, 86% female, and 45.7% both sexually abused and exposed to other forms of abuse. Sexual abuse was often accompanied by physical abuse. Regarding the relationship of the perpetrator to the victim, 14.3% of perpetrators were found to be family members. There was also a significant relationship between child's gender and perpetrator's relationship to the victim; boys were abused mostly by strangers (55.7%) and girls by their peers (54.9%).
Two‐year observational study of deferiprone in superficial siderosis
Authors: Kessler Remi A. , Li Xu , Schwartz Kateryna , Huang Hwa , Mealy Maureen A. , Levy Michael 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIntroductionSuperficial siderosis is a rare, neurodegenerative disease caused by toxic accumulation of hemosiderin on the surface of the brain and the spinal cord, most commonly from chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of superficial siderosis patients using deferiprone, a cell permeant iron chelator. Subjects obtained pre‐ and post‐treatment brain MRIs and weekly laboratory tests. Osirix software was used to develop a method of quantifying hemosiderin deposition. Three‐dimensional whole brain images of gradient echo images were rendered and compared by dividing the mean T2 hyperintensity to the maximal cerebrospinal fluid signal.ResultsA total of 38 subjects completed the study, of which clinical and radiological data were available for 30. The average age was 64 years (range 37‐86), 53% were male, 94% were white. Nineteen subjects (63%) reported either no progression of disease or an improvement in at least one neurological domain, with 40% of patients reporting a stabilization in hearing function and 30% reporting stable or improved coordination and walking. By MRI, there was an overall mean increase in T2 hyperintensity of the whole brain of 1%‐13% over the 2‐year time period in half of patients, indicating a reduction hemosiderosis. There were no cases of agranulocytosis, and declines of white blood cells counts and neutrophils averaged <10%. Fatigue was the most common side effect.ConclusionThis is the first long‐term prospective study of superficial siderosis on the iron chelator, deferiprone. MRI quantification of hemosiderin appears to demonstrate a measurable reduction in half of patients and this correlated with a stabilized or improving disease course. A future placebo‐controlled trial is necessary to determine whether deferiprone is an effective therapy for superficial siderosis.
Isolated coarctation of the aorta in the fetus: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Kailin Joshua A. , Santos Alexia B. , Yilmaz Furtun Betul , Sexson Tejtel S. Kristen , Lantin‐Hermoso Regina 
Published: December 2017

Isolated coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to account for 4%–6% of all congenital heart disease (CHD) in the United States, with a reported prevalence of ~4 per 10 000 live births. Prenatal recognition of coarctation is important as it may improve neonatal survival and reduce morbidity. However, despite advances in imaging and the trend toward detailed aortic arch assessment as part of a comprehensive fetal echocardiogram, isolated CoA may still elude prenatal detection, with potentially lethal consequences if the diagnosis is not suspected and the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closes spontaneously in postnatal life. The purpose of this review is to outline the methods of antenatal aortic arch evaluation in the current era, discuss “red flags” that raise the suspicion for CoA, including associated anomalies and serve as a repository of the most up to date information regarding its diagnosis in utero and its perinatal management. Other aortic arch abnormalities, such as interrupted aortic arch, or CoA associated with complex single ventricles, are not included in this review.
A long‐term habitat fragmentation experiment leads to morphological change in a species of carabid beetle
Authors: EVANS MALDWYN J. , BANKS SAM C. , BARTON PHILIP S. , DAVIES KENDI F. , DRISCOLL DON A. 
Published: December 2017

1. Habitat fragmentation and transformation are key drivers of species declines in landscapes. Most of the current understanding of species' responses to environmental change originates from studies of populations and communities. However, phenotypic variation offers another key aspect of species responses and could provide additional insights into the functional drivers of population change.2. The goal of this study was to address this gap by exploring the morphological changes of a species of carabid beetle (Notonomus resplendens) with a known population response to the Wog Wog Habitat Fragmentation Experiment in Australia. We measured morphological traits associated with body size, head width, and dispersal ability. We quantified patterns of morphological variation over time and between nativeEucalyptusforest fragments and the surrounding pine plantation matrix and the continuous intact nativeEucalyptusforest controls.3. We found sexually dimorphic morphological changes in response to the experimental treatments. Males increased in size, had larger legs and had smaller interocular widths in the matrix in both the short and long terms. Conversely, females became comparatively smaller and had increased interocular widths in the same treatments. Effects in the fragments were similar to those in the matrix, but exhibited more uncertainty.4. Our results demonstrate that species can show morphological change in response to environmental change over very short time periods. We demonstrate that using both population and morphological data allows stronger inferences about the mechanisms behind species responses to environmental change.
Systematic review of infectious events with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in the treatment of hematologic malignancies
Authors: Tillman Benjamin F. , Pauff James M. , Satyanarayana Gowri , Talbott Mahsa , Warner Jeremy L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveIbrutinib is an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) in B lymphocytes as well as other kinases including interleukin‐2‐inducible T‐cell kinase (ITK) in CD4+ Th2 regulatory T cells. Increased infections have been observed in patients taking ibrutinib. The overall incidence has not been systematically evaluated.MethodsThe published literature and conference abstracts of prospective clinical trials using ibrutinib in hematologic malignancies were identified and reviewed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and HemOnc.org per PRISMA guidelines. Infectious events with a focus on pneumonia were collated per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.03 grading.ResultsInfectious complications are common, occurring in 56% of patients taking single‐agent ibrutinib and 52% of those on combination therapy. Approximately one in 5 patients developed pneumonia, which was the major contributor to a 2% rate of death from infections. Many of the cases of pneumonia were due to opportunistic pathogens.ConclusionsIbrutinib use requires prudent consideration of the impacts on host immunity. We identified a high rate of serious adverse infectious events within prospective clinical trials. Data suggest a role of both BTK and ITK inhibition for the increased events. There was considerable variability in the reporting of adverse events between trials, journals, and conference reports.
Disease and treatment characteristics of polycythemia vera patients in Belgium: Results from a scientific survey
Authors: Devos Timothy , Beguin Yves , Noens Lucien , Van Eygen Koen , Zachée Pierre , Mineur Philippe , Knoops Laurent , Doyen Chantal , Theunissen Koen , Benghiat Fleur Samantha , Reusens Michael , Pluymers Wim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe current survey aimed to gather predefined disease parameters and treatment strategies to characterize the polycythemia vera (PV) patient population in Belgium.MethodsCross‐sectional data from PV patients, seen at least once between May 2014 and May 2015 at 10 sites in Belgium, were collected in aggregated form and analyzed descriptively and quantitatively.ResultsData from 343 PV patients were collected. Of these, 174 (50.7%) were male and 256 (74.6%) were ≥60 years of age. Ninety‐two (26.8%) had a prior history of thrombotic events. Considerable proportions of patients had increased hematological parameters (hematocrit > 45% [31.2%], leukocytes > 10 × 109/L [33.3%], and platelet > 400 × 109/L [38.2%]). Most patients had non‐palpable spleen (284, 87.7%) and no phlebotomies during the past 6 months (197, 57.4%). Low‐dose aspirin was given as thrombosis prophylaxis in 249 (72.6%) patients, while 232 (67.6%) received hydroxyurea (HU) as cytoreductive treatment. Forty‐one patients (12.0%) were reported as resistant and/or intolerant to HU. Seventeen patients (5.0%) received ruxolitinib in the context of clinical trials.ConclusionThis survey provides better insight into the characteristics of Belgian PV patients and currently used treatment strategies. It shows that 232 (67.6%) PV patients continue to receive HU despite being potentially HU‐resistant.
Formal models and quantitative measures of multisensory integration: a selective overview
Authors: Colonius Hans , Diederich Adele 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMultisensory integration (MI) is defined as the neural process by which unisensory signals are combined to form a new product that is significantly different from the responses evoked by the modality‐specific component stimuli. In recent years, MI research has seen exponential growth in the number of empirical and theoretical studies. This study presents a selective overview of formal modeling approaches to MI. Emphasis is on models and measures for behavioral paradigms, such as localization, judgment of temporal order or simultaneity, and reaction times, but some concepts for the modeling of single‐cell spike rates are treated as well. We identify a number of essential concepts underlying most model classes, such as Bayesian causal inference, probability summation, coactivation, and time window of integration. Quantitative indexes for measuring and comparing the strength of MI across different paradigms are also discussed. Whereas progress over the last years is remarkable, we point out some strengths and weaknesses of the modeling approaches and discuss some obstacles toward a unified theory of MI.
Altered motor plasticity in an acute relapse of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wirsching Isabelle , Buttmann Mathias , Odorfer Thorsten , Volkmann Jens , Classen Joseph , Zeller Daniel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS), the symptoms of a clinical relapse subside over time. Neuroplasticity is believed to play an important compensatory role. In this study, we assessed excitability‐decreasing plasticity during an acute relapse of MS and 12 weeks afterwards. Motor plasticity was examined in 19 patients with clinically isolated syndrome or RRMS during a steroid‐treated relapse (t1) and 12 weeks afterwards (t2) using paired‐associative stimulation (PAS10). This method combines repetitive electric nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex to model long‐term synaptic depression in the human cortex. Additionally, 19 age‐matched healthy controls were assessed. Motor‐evoked potentials of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were recorded before and after intervention. Clinical disability was assessed by the multiple sclerosis functional composite and the subscore of the nine‐hole peg test taken as a measure of hand function. The effect of PAS10 was significantly different between controls and patients; at t1, but not at t2, baseline‐normalized postinterventional amplitudes were significantly higher in patients (106 [IQR 98–137] % post10–15 and 111 [IQR 88–133] % post20–25) compared to controls (92 [IQR 85–111] % and 90 [IQR 75–102] %). Additional exploratory analysis indicated a potentially excitability‐enhancing effect of PAS10 in patients as opposed to controls. Significant clinical improvement between t1 and t2 was not correlated with PAS10 effects. Our results indicate an alteration of PAS10‐induced synaptic plasticity during relapse, presumably reflecting a polarity shift due to metaplastic processes within the motor cortex. Further studies will need to elucidate the functional significance of such changes for the clinical course of MS.
Severe 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: a rare, treatable cause of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Perna A. , Masciullo M. , Modoni A. , Cellini E. , Parrini E. , Ricci E. , Donati A. M. , Silvestri G. 
Published: December 2017

Background and purposeJuvenile‐ or adult‐onset forms of severe 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency manifesting as complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia have rarely been described.MethodsTwo siblings with mental retardation developed a progressive spastic paraparesis in their late teens. Their diagnostic assessment included extensive neurophysiologic, neuroimaging and metabolic studies.ResultsBrain magnetic resonance imaging showed occipital white matter alterations, and electromyography documented a mixed polyneuropathy. Severe hyperhomocisteinemia (>150 μmol/L) associated with the characteristic amino acid profile suggested a diagnosis of severe MTHFR deficiency, confirmed by MTHFR direct sequencing. Treatment with betaine and vitamins benefitted patients' symptoms and diagnostic features.ConclusionsSevere MTHFR deficiency can be a rare, treatable cause of autosomal recessive complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Its screening should be part of the diagnostic flowchart for these disorders.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the creep behaviour of Ni‐based superalloy GH4169 under varying loading
Authors: Wei D.S. , Wang J.L. , Wang Y.R. , Zhong B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe high‐temperature creep experiment of Ni‐based superalloy GH4169 under the constant loading and varying loading conditions was conducted by using the round bar specimens. The creep time‐strain curves under different loading conditions were obtained to study the high‐temperature creep behaviour of GH4169 superalloy. At the same time, the longitudinal and lateral sections near the fracture of creep specimens were observed by the optical microscope, and the specimens with smaller grain corresponded to the larger creep strain rate. In view of the dispersion of the creep curves, the corresponding data processing method was put forward, and on this basis, a model that can describe the 3 stages of creep with certain physical meaning was established. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, especially the creep deformation under the varying loading condition. The predicted results of the relative time hardening model are closer to the experiment compared with time hardening and strain hardening model. The creep model is realized by the user's material subroutine code in a commercial FEM software package, which can be used as the basis of creep analysis for engineering structures.
Fatigue assessment of refill friction stir spot weld in AA 2024‐T3 similar joints
Authors: Brzostek R.C. , Suhuddin U. , dos Santos J.F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRefill friction stir spot welding is a solid‐state process technology that is suitable for welding lightweight materials in similar or dissimilar overlapped configuration. In this study, the fatigue behaviour of single overlapped spot joints of AA2024‐T3 was studied. To statistically analyse the fatigue data, a 2‐parameter Weibull distribution was deployed, considering several reliabilities (Re = 0.99,  Re = 0.90,  Re = 0.5,  Re = 0.10). To obtain an optimized weld parameter according to the fatigue behaviour, 2 different weld conditions were studied, taking into account the effect of the hook formation. The microstructure analyses and microhardness profiles showed great similarity in both weld conditions. However, these conditions presented distinct interfacial hook profiles, in which the interfacial hook downward represented better fatigue life and infinite fatigue life at 15% of the maximum strength load. The fracture surfaces obtained from 3 different fracture modes were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy; the crack was tracked and described according to its fracture mechanisms from its initiation until the final failures. It was observed that the crack is initiated at hook profile.
Chronosequence predictions are robust in a Neotropical secondary forest, but plots miss the mark
Authors: Becknell Justin M. , Porder Stephen , Hancock Steven , Chazdon Robin L. , Hofton Michelle A. , Blair James B. , Kellner James R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTropical secondary forests (TSF) are a global carbon sink of 1.6 Pg C/year. However, TSF carbon uptake is estimated using chronosequence studies that assume differently aged forests can be used to predict change in aboveground biomass density (AGBD) over time. We tested this assumption using two airborne lidar datasets separated by 11.5 years over a Neotropical landscape. Using data from 1998, we predicted canopy height and AGBD within 1.1 and 10.3% of observations in 2009, with higher accuracy for forest height than AGBD and for older TSFs in comparison to younger ones. This result indicates that the space‐for‐time assumption is robust at the landscape‐scale. However, since lidar measurements of secondary tropical forest are rare, we used the 1998 lidar dataset to test how well plot‐based studies quantify the mean TSF height and biomass in a landscape. We found that the sample area required to produce estimates of height or AGBD close to the landscape mean is larger than the typical area sampled in secondary forest chronosequence studies. For example, estimating AGBD within 10% of the landscape mean requires more than thirty 0.1 ha plots per age class, and more total area for larger plots. We conclude that under‐sampling in ground‐based studies may introduce error into estimations of the TSF carbon sink, and that this error can be reduced by more extensive use of lidar measurements.
An accurate account of mass loss during cheese ripening described using the reaction engineering approach (REA)‐based model
Authors: Putranto Aditya , Woo MengWai , Selomulya Cordelia , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: December 2017

SummaryCheese ripening is an important step in cheese making for modifying surface and curd properties. Due to physical, chemical and biological changes, mass loss usually occurs during the process. Although these changes are essential for developing the texture and flavour of cheese, mass loss decreases product yields. A reliable mathematical model is used to quantify mass loss during cheese ripening so that the processing conditions can be fine‐tuned to achieve the desirable throughput. In this study, for the first time, the reaction engineering approach (REA)‐based model is applied to model the cheese ripening. The study shows that the REA‐based model is accurate to model cheese ripening of Camembert and French smear cheese. In addition, the REA is able to model the cheese ripening under time‐varying environmental conditions. For this purpose, the equilibrium activation energy is evaluated according to the corresponding humidity and temperature in each period, while the same relative activation energy for ripening under constant environmental conditions is implemented. The REA is a simple yet effective approach to model the simultaneous heat and mass transfer process accompanied by chemical and biological reactions. Considering its effectiveness, the REA can be applied in industrial settings for predicting mass loss during cheese ripening.
Fraud: auditors' responsibility or organisational culture
Authors: Jizi Mohammad , Nehme Rabih , ELHout Rofayda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBecause of the recent collapse of several major companies, investors' confidence in audited financial statements has decreased significantly. Fraud has been a major topic among many scholars and stakeholders due to its importance and impact on financial statements and economies at large. This study examines auditors' responsibility in fraud detection.The results of such an examination highlight the differences between the perception of fraud by audit trainees and by experienced auditors. Gender differences are also highlighted in relation to fraud procedures and perception of fraud. External auditors in the Middle East are aware, to a certain extent, of their responsibilities regarding fraud detection and prevention. Audit work is conducted in relative compliance with established auditing standards. Additional testing that is over and above their responsibilities is being done in some cases due to auditors' concerns for their reputation.This paper fulfils a resource need for academics and practitioners. It indicates that the existence of fraud in the Middle East is not linked to auditors' misunderstanding of their responsibilities, but might be attributed to the corporate culture and environment.
Mixed evidence for early bursts of morphological evolution in extant clades
Authors: Puttick M. N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMacroevolutionary theory predicts high rates of evolution should occur early in a clade's history as species exploit ecological opportunity. Evidence from the fossil record has shown a high prevalence of early bursts in morphological evolution, but recent work has provided little evidence for early high rates in the evolution of extant clades. Here, I test the prevalence of early bursts in extant data using phylogenetic comparative methods. Existing models are extended to allow a shift from a background Brownian motion (BM) process to an early burst process within subclades of phylogenies, rather than an early burst being applied to an entire phylogenetic tree. This nested early burst model is compared to other modes of evolution that can occur within subclades, such as evolution with a constraint (Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck model) and nestedBMrate shift models. These relaxed models are validated using simulations and then are applied to body size evolution of three major clades of amniotes (mammals, squamates and aves) at different levels of taxonomic organization (order, family). Applying these unconstrained models greatly increases the support for early bursts within nested subclades, and so early bursts are the most common model of evolution when only one shift is analysed. However, the relative fit of early burst models is worse than models that allow for multiple shifts of theBMorOUprocess. No single‐shift or homogenous model is superior to models of multiple shifts inBMorOUevolution, but the patterns shown by these multirate models are generally congruent with patterns expected from early bursts.