bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juxtapapillary choroid is thinner in normal‐tension glaucoma than in healthy eyes
Authors: Lee Kyoung Min , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae‐Woo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo measure the juxtapapillary choroidal thickness in eyes with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) and to compare it with healthy eyes.MethodsTwelve radial B‐scan images of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained from 96 patients with NTG and 48 healthy subjects matched by age using swept‐source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT). The juxtapapillary choroidal thickness was defined as the average choroidal thickness within 500 μm from the border tissue of Elschnig. Choroidal thinning in patients with NTG was assessed by calculating the relative choroidal thickness, defined as the ratio of the measured juxtapapillary choroidal thickness in each meridian to the corresponding value in age‐matched healthy controls. Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) damage as reflected by circumpapillary RNFL thickness (measured using spectral‐domain OCT) was also assessed.ResultsThe juxtapapillary choroid was significantly thinner in NTG eyes than in healthy control eyes in the inferotemporal and superotemporal sectors. The relative choroidal thinning was topographically associated with the hemispheric location of dominant RNFL damage. The average juxtapapillary choroidal thickness was not associated with either the global RNFL thickness or the visual field mean deviation. Age and untreated intraocular pressure were significantly associated with the juxtapapillary choroidal thickness in NTG eyes in both univariate and multivariate analyses (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsDecreased microvascular circulation in the ONH as a result of juxtapapillary choroidal thinning could be an important part of the pathogenesis of optic nerve damage in NTG.
Effect of femtosecond laser‐assisted lens surgery on posterior capsule opacification in the human capsular bag in vitro
Authors: Wertheimer Christian , Kreutzer Thomas C. , Dirisamer Martin , Eibl‐Lindner Kirsten , Kook Daniel , Priglinger Siegfried , Mayer Wolfgang J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare posterior capsule opacification (PCO) by observing lens epithelial cell growth in the human capsular bag in vitro between conventional lens surgery using phacoemulsification (Phaco) technique and femtosecond laser‐assisted lens surgery (FLACS).MethodsFor the in vitro human capsular bag model, 18 cadaver eyes from nine human donors underwent three types of lens surgery. Three groups consisting of six capsular bags were established, that is FLACS, Phaco and extracapsular lens extraction (ECCE). The capsular bag was transferred into equal cell culture conditions after using one of the defined surgical approaches. Cellular growth of lens epithelial cells was observed and photo‐documented. The time until full cell‐coverage of the capsular bag was measured.ResultsThe human capsular bag model can be successfully prepared using FLACS. There was no statistically significant difference in time until cell‐coverage of the human donor capsular bag in vitro in all three surgical settings (ECCE versus Phaco p = 0.6; ECCE versus FLACS p = 1.0; Phaco versus FLACS p = 1.0).ConclusionsIn our in vitro human capsular bag model, we could not observe a statistically significant difference in PCO formation using different surgical approaches of lens extraction. Therefore, PCO formation might not be attributed to the type of surgery. Furthermore, this study shows that FLACS can be used for the human capsular bag model preparation and validates the human capsular bag model for future research.
Rizatriptan overuse promotes hyperalgesia induced by dural inflammatory stimulation in rats by modulation of the serotonin system
Authors: Su Min , Ran Ye , Han Xun , Liu Yufei , Zhang Xu , Tan Qingche , Li Ruisheng , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClinical and preclinical studies have implicated serotonin (5‐HT) and the 5‐HT2A receptor (5‐HT2AR) in the pathogenesis of medication‐overuse headache (MOH). However, with no appropriate animal model to study this phenomenon it is difficult to differentiate the effects of chronic exposure to analgesics from the consequences of frequent headache attacks during the development of MOH. Therefore, this study used a novel animal model of MOH established by a combination of the overuse of rizatriptan (RIZ) and stimulation with dural inflammatory soup (IS) to investigate whether 5‐HT and 5‐HT2AR are involved in central plasticity and hyperalgesia. Similar to an IS infusion, IS‐RIZ treatment induced nociception‐related behaviours in Sprague–Dawley rats and increased Fos expression in the cortex and trigeminal pathway, whereas the RIZ injection alone did not. In addition, overuse of RIZ, administration of an IS stimulus, and a combination of these treatments, decreased the periorbital withdrawal threshold, with IS‐RIZ treatment having the most significant effects. Both chronic RIZ exposure and recurring nociception decreased 5‐HT expression, whereas IS‐RIZ treatment led to decreased expression of 5‐HT and upregulation of 5‐HT2AR, which was positively correlated with Fos activation. These findings suggest that overuse of RIZ does not directly induce pain via the activation of nociceptive pathways but may increase hyperalgesia by influencing the pain modulation system. Furthermore, decreased 5‐HT levels and upregulation of 5‐HT2AR may play important roles in this system. Taken together, these findings indicate that medication overuse and frequent headache attacks can promote the neural plasticity associated with MOH.
Atrophy of the pedunculopontine nucleus region in patients with sleep‐predominant seizures: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Cho Kyoo Ho , Cho Yang‐Je , Lee Byung In , Heo Kyoung 
Published: June 2016

SummaryNon–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep increases interictal epileptiform discharges and frequency of seizures, whereas REM sleep suppresses them. The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), one of the REM sleep–modulating structures, is postulated to have a potent antiepileptogenic role. We asked if patients with sleep‐predominant seizures (SPS) show volume changes in the region of the PPN compared to those with seizures occurring during awake state only (nSPS). The volume of the PPN region was assessed in patients with SPS, those with nSPS, and healthy volunteers, through voxel‐based morphometry and automated, nonbiased region of interest (ROI) analysis of T1 magnetic resonance (MR) images. The volume of PPN region was statistically smaller in patients with SPS (n = 33) than in those with nSPS (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 30) after controlling for covariates. These results suggest that a structural change in the PPN may be associated with sleep‐predominant timing of seizure occurrence. Our findings might help understand the intervening pathomechanism that lies between the human sleep–wake cycle and epilepsy.
Risk stratification of decompensated cirrhosis patients by Chronic Liver Failure Consortium scores: Classification and regression tree analysis
Authors: Shi Yu , Shu Zheyue , Sun Wenjie , Yang Qiao , Yu Ye , Yang Gang , Wu Wei , Chen Si , Huang Wei , Wang Tingting , Yan Huadong 
Published: June 2016

AimDecompensated cirrhosis patients have greatly variable prognosis. The aim of the study was to carry out a risk stratification for those patients by Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF) Consortium scores.MethodsThe performance of CLIF Consortium acute‐on‐chronic liver failure scores (CLIF‐C ACLFs) and CLIF Consortium Acute Decompensation scores (CLIF‐C ADs) were validated in 209 patients with ACLF and 1245 patients without ACLF at admission from the Ningbo Cohort. A classification and regression tree (CRT) analysis by CLIF‐C ACLFs/CLIF‐C ADs was carried out to stratify death risk among patients.ResultsThe CLIF‐C ACLFs and CLIF‐C ADs showed higher predictive accuracy than Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores, MELD plus serum sodium (MELD‐Na) scores, and Child–Turcotte–Pugh classification (CP) at main time points (28, 90, 180, and 365 days), determined by area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve and concordance index in ACLF and no‐ACLF patients at admission. The CRT analysis categorized ACLF patients into two groups (advanced and early ACLF), and no‐ACLF patients into three groups (high‐, medium‐, and low‐risk AD) according to risk of death. However, early ACLF and high‐risk AD patients had comparable mortality at the main time points. The CRT model had a higher area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve than MELDs, MELD‐Nas, and CPs in predicting prognosis in all patients.ConclusionsThe CLIF‐C ACLF and CLIF‐C AD are better prognostic scores than MELD, MELD‐Na, and CP in predicting mortality of ACLF and no‐ACLF patients. A combined use of CLIF– Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, CLIF‐C ACLFs, and CLIF‐C ADs could identify cirrhosis patients at high death risk and assist clinical decisions for management.
Effect of standard tuberculosis treatment on naive, memory and regulatory T‐cell homeostasis in tuberculosis–diabetes co‐morbidity
Authors: Kumar Nathella P. , Moideen Kadar , Viswanathan Vijay , Kornfeld Hardy , Babu Subash 
Published: June 2016

SummaryPerturbations in CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell phenotype and function are hallmarks of tuberculosis–diabetes co‐morbidity. However, their contribution to the pathogenesis of this co‐morbidity and the effect of anti‐tuberculosis treatment on the phenotype of the T‐cell subsets is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the frequency of different T‐cell subsets in individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with diabetes mellitus (DM) or without coincident diabetes mellitus (NDM) before, during and after completion of anti‐tuberculosis chemotherapy. PTB‐DM is characterized by heightened frequencies of central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and diminished frequencies of naive, effector memory and/or effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at baseline and after 2 months of treatment but not following treatment completion in comparison with PTB‐NDM. Central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell frequencies exhibited a positive correlation with fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin A1c levels, whereas the frequencies of naive and effector memory or effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibited a negative correlation. However, the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell subsets in individuals with PTB exhibited no significant relationship with bacterial burdens. Finally, although minor alterations in the T‐cell subset compartment were observed at 2 months of treatment, significantly decreased frequencies of central memory and significantly enhanced frequencies of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the completion of treatment. Our data reveal a profound effect of coexistent diabetes on the altered frequencies of central memory, effector memory and naive T cells and its normalization following therapy.
Impact of FIB‐4 index on hepatocellular carcinoma incidence during nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B: An analysis using time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Tsuji Kunihiko , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tanaka Junko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimNucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy has been reported to reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, even during NA therapy, development of HCC has been observed in patients with CHB. Therefore, we clarified the predictive power of clinical factors for HCC incidence using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis that takes time dependence into account.MethodsA total of 539 patients with CHB treated with NAs were enrolled. Univariate, multivariate, and time‐dependent ROC curves for clinical factors associated with the development of HCC were analyzed.ResultsEighty‐one patients developed HCC during the follow‐up period (median duration, 5.9 years). α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and FIB‐4 index at 24 weeks from the initiation of treatment and sex were significantly associated with HCC incidence according to the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards models including the covariates of sex, hepatitis B genotype, basal core promoter mutations, AFP at 24 weeks, and FIB‐4 index at 24 weeks showed that FIB‐4 index >2.65 (HR, 5.03; 95% CI, 3.06–8.26; P < 0.001) and male sex were independently associated with HCC incidence. In addition, time‐dependent ROC analysis showed that compared with AFP at 24 weeks, FIB‐4 index at 24 weeks had higher predictive power for HCC incidence throughout the follow‐up period.ConclusionsElevated FIB‐4 index at 24 weeks in patients with CHB receiving NA therapy is a risk factor for developing HCC. The FIB‐4 index is an excellent predictor of HCC development.
Asthma and sleep disturbance in adolescents and young adults: A cohort study
Authors: Garden Mark , O'Callaghan Michael , Suresh Sadasivam , Mamum Abdullah A , Najman Jake M 
Published: June 2016

AimsA longitudinal birth cohort provides an opportunity to study the impact of childhood conditions persisting into adulthood. This study examines the cross‐sectional association of asthma with sleep quality and snoring in the adolescent and young adult population and the extent to which asthma, sleep quality and snoring at 14 years independently predict themselves or each other at 21 years.MethodsData from a 21‐year follow‐up of mothers and their children recruited into the Mater–University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (n = 7223). Complete asthma and sleep information (questionnaire data) was available for 5015 participants at 14 years and 3527 at 21 years, with 3237 participants at both 14 and 21 years.ResultsPoor sleep quality and snoring were independently associated with asthma at 14 years and 21 years, with stronger associations evident in women. At 21 years, associations were mediated by asthma symptom severity. Asthma, sleep quality and snoring at 14 years each strongly and independently predicted themselves at 21 years. Asthma at 14 years predicted snoring at 21 years, while poor sleep quality and snoring in women predicted asthma at 21 years, the latter partially mediated by body mass index.ConclusionsThe relationship between asthma, sleep quality and snoring varied by gender. Sleep quality and snoring should be considered in the assessment and holistic management of asthma. The predictive relationship seen between 14 and 21 years provides an opportunity to address these issues at a younger age.
The proportion of local allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in children
Authors: Buntarickpornpan Pichittra , Veskitkul Jittima , Pacharn Punchama , Visitsunthorn Nualanong , Vichyanond Pakit , Tantilipikorn Pongsakorn , Jirapongsananuruk Orathai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundLocal allergic rhinitis (LAR) is diagnosed by the positive response to nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) to aeroallergen and/or local synthesis of specific IgE (sIgE). This entity is found in half of the adults with non‐allergic rhinitis (NAR). In children, very few data of the prevalence and characteristics of LAR were reported.MethodsChildren 8–18 years with NAR were recruited. A NAPT with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract (NAPT‐Dp) at 200, 600, and 2000 AU/ml, respectively, at 15‐min interval was performed. The immediate response was assessed using the clinical symptom score, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and acoustic rhinometry (ARM). The nasal tryptase and sIgE‐Dp were measured at baseline and 15 min and 1 h after a positive NAPT‐Dp. Two allergic rhinitis (AR) patients were used as positive controls.ResultsFifty‐four NAR children (61.1% boys) with the mean ± SD age of 11.1 ± 2.1 years were enrolled. The median duration of disease was 6.3 years. The most frequent comorbidity was asthma (38.9%). Eighty‐seven percent of patients had mild persistent severity. NAPT‐Dp was positive in 2/54 (3.7%) of NAR children who had increased symptom score and decreased minimal cross‐sectional area (MCA) on ARM as well as PNIF. However, there was no change in the nasal tryptase and sIgE‐Dp. The control AR patients had positive NAPT‐Dp and increased nasal tryptase at 15 min without the change of sIgE‐Dp.ConclusionLAR is an uncommon condition in children. Further investigation in a large population of children with NAR is needed.
The YUMM lines: a series of congenic mouse melanoma cell lines with defined genetic alterations
Authors: Meeth Katrina , Wang Jake Xiao , Micevic Goran , Damsky William , Bosenberg Marcus W. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe remarkable success of immune therapies emphasizes the need for immune‐competent cancer models. Elegant genetically engineered mouse models of a variety of cancers have been established, but their effective use is limited by cost and difficulties in rapidly generating experimental data. Some mouse cancer cell lines are transplantable to immunocompetent host mice and have been utilized extensively to study cancer immunology. Here, we describe the Yale University Mouse Melanoma (YUMM) lines, a comprehensive system of mouse melanoma cell lines that are syngeneic to C57BL/6, have well‐defined human‐relevant driver mutations, and are genomically stable. This will be a useful tool for the study of tumor immunology and genotype‐specific cancer biology.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Morimoto Akira , Nakazawa Yozo , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life‐threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that is classified into primary and secondary HLH. Primary HLH consists of monogenic disorders that mainly affect the perforin‐mediated cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Secondary HLH occurs as a complication in various settings such as infection, malignancy, autoimmune disease, and post‐allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Both primary and secondary HLH are characterized by uncontrolled hypercytokinemia that results in myelosuppression and vascular endothelium damage. More than 10% of patients with HLH die within 2 months of diagnosis due to bleeding in the visceral organs, opportunistic infection due to neutropenia, or multiple organ failure. The most obvious presentations of HLH are persistent fever refractory to antimicrobial agents and hyperferritinemia due to hypersecretion of various cytokines. The first rule is not to overlook signs of hypercytokinemia and to settle the hyperactivated immunological state as soon as possible. In addition, to improve outcome, it is essential to identify the disorders underlying HLH and provide disorder‐appropriate treatment.
Childhood sexual abuse and supportive factors
Authors: Baytunca Muharrem Burak , Ata Emsal , Ozbaran Burcu , Kaya Ahsen , Kose Sezen , Aktas Ekin Ozgur , Aydın Rezzan , Guney Selcen , Yuncu Zeki , Erermis Serpil , Bildik Tezan , Aydin Cahide 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be a devastating life experience and is associated with a higher incidence of mental disorders and suicide attempts. The aim of this study was therefore to identify predictors of mental disorder and suicide attempt in children and adolescents with a history of CSA.MethodsA total of 181 Turkish children and adolescents with a history of CSA were evaluated for age, gender, suicide attempts, family relationships and educational background. Abuse involving the insertion of an organ or foreign object into the individual's body was designated as “qualified sexual abuse” (QSA); other forms of sexual abuse were designated “basic sexual abuse” (BSA).ResultsSuicide attempts were significantly higher in adolescent girls in the QSA subgroup; age, gender, family integrity, and school attendance were not associated with risk of mental disorders in this group. Among BSA patients, family integrity was significantly associated with suicide attempts. Suicide attempts were approximately 10‐fold higher (OR, 10.154; 95% CI: 2.020–51.051; P = 0.005) in children from broken families. Family integrity and school attendance were also noted as weak protective factors against mental disorders in BSA patients. The incidence of mental disorders was 3.5‐fold higher in children who had not been attending school (OR, 3.564; 95% CI: 1.379–9.211; P = 0.009).ConclusionFamily integrity and school attendance were weakly related with psychopathology (e.g. mental disorders or suicide attempts) in BSA survivors but not in QSA survivors. Female gender and puberty also increased the likelihood of suicide attempt in QSA survivors.
Identification of a Fluorescent Protein from Rhacostoma Atlantica
Authors: Tota Michael R. , Allen Jeanna M. , Karolin Jan O. , Geddes Chris D. , Ward William W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe have cloned a novel fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Rhacostoma atlantica. The closest known related fluorescent protein is the Phialidium yellow fluorescent protein, with only a 55% amino acid sequence identity. A somewhat unusual alanine–tyrosine–glycine amino acid sequence forms the presumed chromophore of the novel protein. The protein has an absorption peak at 466 nm and a fluorescence emission peak at 498 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield was measured to be 0.77 and the extinction coefficient is 58 200 M−1 cm−1. Several mutations were identified that shift the absorption peak to about 494 nm and the emission peak to between 512 and 514 nm.
Multiphase dolomitization of deeply buried Cambrian petroleum reservoirs, Tarim Basin, north‐west China
Authors: Jiang Lei , Cai Chunfang , Worden Richard H. , Crowley Stephen F. , Jia Lianqi , Zhang Ke , Duncan Ian J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCambrian dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, China, have significant potential for future discoveries of petroleum, although exploration and production planning is hampered by limited understanding of the occurrence and distribution of dolomite in such ancient rocks buried to nearly 8 km. The study herein accessed new drill core samples which provide an opportunity to understand the dolomitization process in deep basins and its impact on Cambrian carbonate reservoirs. This study documents the origin of the dolostone reservoirs using a combination of petrology, fluid‐inclusion microthermometry, and stable and radiogenic‐isotopes of outcrop and core samples. An initial microbial dolomitization event occurred in restricted lagoon environments and is characterized by depleted δ13C values. Dolomicrite from lagoonal and sabkha facies, some fabric‐retentive dolomite and fabric‐obliterative dolomite in the peloidal shoal and reef facies show the highest δ18O values. These dolomites represent relatively early reflux dolomitization. The local occurrence of K‐feldspar in dolomicrite indicates that some radiogenic strontium was contributed via terrigenous input. Most fabric‐retentive dolomite may have precipitated from seawater at slightly elevated temperatures, suggested by petrological and isotopic data. Most fabric‐obliterative dolomite, and medium to coarse dolomite cement, formed between 90°C and 130°C from marine evaporitic brine. Saddle dolomite formed by hydrothermal dolomitization at temperatures up to 170°C, and involved the mixing of connate brines with Sr‐ enriched hydrothermal fluids. Intercrystalline, moldic, and breccia porosities are due to the early stages of dolomitization. Macroscopic, intergranular, vuggy, fracture and dissolution porosity are due to burial‐related dissolution and regional hydrothermal events. This work has shown that old (for example, Cambrian or even Precambrian) sucrosic dolomite with associated anhydrite, buried to as much as 8000 m, can still have a high potential for hosting substantial hydrocarbon resources and should be globally targeted for future exploration.