bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroboscopy: an evolving tool for voice analysis in vocal cord pathologies
Authors: Rajput Sneha D. , Poriya Mittal J. 
Published: July 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Benign vocal fold disease, such as vocal polyp, vocal nodule, intracordal cyst or Reinke’s edema is one of the most common causes which deteriorate the voice. Since 1854 when Manuel Garcia first observed the movement of his own vocal cords using a laryngeal mirror and sunlight as the light source, a number of techniques for demonstrating laryngeal anatomy have evolved. Preoperative evaluation of these lesions initially by indirect laryngoscopy or direct rigid laryngoscopy, gave way to the use of transnasal flexible fibreoptic endoscopy in the eighties. The introduction of the video stroboscope into Otorhinolaryngology practice has revolutionized the assessment of vocal cord pathology.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study includes a 50 cases of subjects with complain of change of voice coming at department of E.N.T and Head and Neck surgery, at our hospital. A detailed history was taken following which a thorough examination of larynx using appropriate techniques were carried out. Further investigations were done as and when required. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> On stroboscopic examination patients were analyzed on four parameters like, symmetry, amplitude, periodicity and mucosal wave. Observations of periodicity and mucosal wave were significantly different in preoperative and post-operative analysis. Stroboscopic evaluation suggested that preoperatively 50% of the patient were having asymmetricity, decreased amplitude, aperiodicity and absent mucosal wave. On postoperative follow-up at 15 days and 2 months interval almost all the patients got all the parameters near normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was observed that statistical significant difference in pre and postoperative findings of different parameters of voice evaluated using it. We can draw the probable conclusion that video stroboscope proved to be useful and reliable tool for evaluation of the patients with benign vocal cord pathologies as it reflects the change in the all the parameters of voice postoperatively most accurately and promptly. </p>
STRAIN GAUGE SENSOR OF MASS MEASUREMENT USING A BRASS CANTILEVER
Authors: Ayu Hena Dian , Jufriadi Akhmad , Pranata Kurriawan Budi , E. Endarko , Muntini Melania Suweni 
Published: July 2017

A study of mass measurement using strain gauge 120 which was placed in the corner of the brass cantilever has been done. This study essentially utilizes deflection phenomena on the surface. This phenomenon occurs due to the mass placed on one end of the brass cantilever. The Mass was calibrated with standard mass gauge using OHAUS PA214 Pioneer<sup>TM</sup> analytical balance. It was done a variation of mass-reduction and addition at the end of the brass cantilever with a multiple of 0.1 gram over a span interval of 1.1-7.5 grams. It obtained hysteresis curve plot for the changing strain gauge resistance (ΔR) versus mass variations on which the system has the maximum load range (7,1-7,5 gram). Moreover, The test of the system for the mass variations in the output voltage of the IC AD521JD differential amplifier was approximated as a quadratic function which was expressed in the system characteristic equation m = 2,4×V<sup>2</sup> - 0,8533×V + 1,1449, with m (gram) and V (Volt). The characteristic equation is used in the ADC conversion of the microcontroller. The measured mass value was displayed on 2 × 16 LCDs in grams.
Continuous flow process of Cr(VI) removal from drinking water through reduction onto FeOOH by inorganic sulfur reductants
Authors: Kaprara Efthimia , Pinakidou Fani , Paloura Eleni C. , Zouboulis Anastasios I. , Mitrakas Manassis 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this study, the implementation of an iron oxy-hydroxide (FeOOH) as a surface catalyst for Cr(VI) reduction by inorganic sulfur reductants (ISRs) was investigated. Batch Cr(VI) removal tests, performed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of ISRs in the presence of FeOOH, qualified Na2S2O4 as the optimum for drinking water treatment. Application of Na2S2O4 in continuous flow rapid small scale column tests, using a FeOOH adsorbent at pH 7 ± 0.1 and artificial (resembling natural) water matrix, verified the high potential for Cr(VI) removal at sub-ppb level. Indeed, a 15 mg S/L Na2S2O4 dose diminished an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 100 μg/L below the method's detection limit of 1.4 μg/L at least for 105 bed volumes. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy revealed that Cr(VI) forms outer sphere complexes, while Cr(III) is involved in 2E, 2C and 1 V geometries with the surface Fe-oxyhydroxyl groups. It can, therefore, be concluded that FeOOH attracts Cr(VI) to its surface via physisorption, offering a solid surface that promotes the transfer of electrons through bridging ions. Thus, when Na2S2O4 is added in the system, Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III), which is subsequently chemisorbed onto the FeOOH surface.
The Battle for Iron between Humans and Microbes
Authors: Carver Peggy L. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Iron is an essential micronutrient for bacteria, fungi, and humans; as
such, each has evolved specialized iron uptake systems to acquire iron from the extracellular environment.

Objective:
To describe complex ‘tug of war’ for iron that has evolved between human hosts and
pathogenic microorganisms in the battle for this vital nutrient.

Methods:
A review of current literature was performed, to assess current approaches and controversies
in iron therapy and chelation in humans.

Results:
In humans, sequestration (hiding) of iron from invading pathogens is often successful;
however, many pathogens have evolved mechanisms to circumvent this approach.

Conclusion:
Clinically, controversy continues whether iron overload or administration of iron
results in an increased risk of infection. The administration of iron chelating agents and siderophore-
conjugate drugs to infected hosts seems a biologically plausible approach as adjunctive
therapy in the treatment of infections caused by pathogens dependent on host iron supply (e.g.
tuberculosis, malaria, and many bacterial and fungal pathogens); however, thus far, studies in
humans have proved unsuccessful.
Healthy Diet and Reduction of Chronic Disease Risks of Night Shift Workers
Authors: Ferri G.M. , Cavone D. , Intranuovo G. , Macinagrossa L. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
The large increase in epidemiological studies on night shift work
is due to the important effects of night shift work on workers’ health and psychophysical
wellbeing. The short-term effects—insomnia, difficulties in managing work and private
life, lower work performance, and more work and extra-work accidents—are easily studied.
However, there are several long-term effects that are difficult to study because of the
need for detailed exposure assessment and the long latency periods of these diseases.

Objective:
The aim was to collect epidemiologic evidence of diseases in night shift workers,
describing their biological pathways and a set of dietary guidelines.

Methods:
This is a review on diet and health effects in night shift workers.

Results:
Significant increases in the rate ratios and hazard ratios of different diseases
were associated with modified eating behaviours and poor eating habits among night shift
workers. Night shift work is a risk factor for disruption of the circadian rhythms and for
some genetic deregulation because it produces the inversion of the sleep/wake cycle and
modifies the alternation between activity and rest.

Conclusion:
A healthy diet and improved dietary practices, together with other factors,
can reduce shift workers’ chronic disease risk. The literature showed the importance of
eating behaviour in order to prevent diseases in these workers; therefore, educational
programmes are necessary to encourage several important lifestyle changes. The target of
our future research will be the role of food components in some dietetic habits for the
prevention of disease in night shift workers.
Novel Fluorinated Porphyrins Sensitize Tumor Cells to Photodamage in Normoxia and Hypoxia: Synthesis and Biocompatible Formulations
Authors: Belyaeva Elizaveta V. , Markova Alina A. , Kaluzhny Dmitry N. , Sigan Andrei L. , Gervitz Lev L. , Ataeva Aida N. , Chkanikov Nikolai D. , Shtil Alexander A. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Hypoxia renders tumor cells refractory to treatment. One way to overcome this problem
is the design of drug delivery systems that contain the antitumor agent within an oxygen supply medium.

Objective:
to evaluate whether the perfluorocarbon liquids (capable of retaining up to 50% v/v amounts of
O2 gas) can be tools for delivery of photosensitizers to hypoxic tumors.

Method:
We synthesized a series of compounds in which fluoroaliphatic or fluoroaromatic moieties were
conjugated to the porphyrin ring in meso-positions. Two derivatives were tested as the solutions prepared
either from a dimethylformamide stock (‘free’ formulation) or from a perfluorocarbon emulsion in which the
photosensitizer is entrapped in the oxygenated medium.

Results:
In the emulsion the hydrophobic photosensitizer and the gas transporting liquid represented a biocompatible
composition. Free formulations or perfluorocarbon emulsions of fluorinated porphyrins evoked little-to-null
dark cytotoxicity. In contrast, each formulation triggered cell death upon light activation. Photodamage in the presence
of fluorinated porphyrins was achievable not only at normoxic (20.9% O2 v/v) conditions but also in hypoxia
(0.5% O2). With new compounds dissolved in the medium the cell photodamage in hypoxia was negligible whereas
a significant photodamage was achieved with the emulsions of fluorinated porphyrins. The derivative with the
fluoroalkyl substituent was more potent than its structurally close analog carrying the fluoroaryl moiety.

Conclusion:
Our new fluorinated porphyrin derivatives, especially their emulsions in which the photosensitizer
and the oxygenated medium are coupled into one phase, can be perspective for photoelimination of hypoxic
tumor cells.
Finite Element Method of Composite Steel-Concrete Beams Considering Interface Slip and Uplift
Authors: Wang Jing , Cong Xiao-Hui , Zhang Yun-Long , Yun Di 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
In order to analyze the displacement and internal force of composite steel-concrete beams under the vertical load, The finite element solution of composite steel-concrete beams under concentrated loads considering the existence of interface slip and vertical uplift based on the basic idea of elastic mechanics was derived in this paper.

Method:
A new kind of stiffness equation of bar system was got and its correctness was demonstrated with experimental value, the problem of composite beams considering the existence of interface slip and vertical uplift was solved, avoiding to produce large amount of calculation with the body element method.

Results and Conclusion:
It can be seamlessly integrated into the current engineering design software, which provides effective help to practical engineering problems.
PENGARUH LAMA SENTRIFUGASI TERHADAP KUALITAS DAN PROPORSI SPERMATOZOA X-Y SAPI LIMOUSIN HASIL SEXING DENGAN GRADIEN DENSITAS PERCOLL MENGGUNAKAN PENGENCER CEP-2+10%KT
Authors: Fatahilah Fatahilah , Susilawati Trinil , Isnanini Nurul 
Published: July 2017

Penelitian in bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama sentrifugasi terhadap kualitas dan proporsi spermatozoa X-Y sapi limousin hasil sexing dengan gardien densitas percoll menggunakan pengencer CEP-2 + 10% kuning telur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode percobaan. Dalam penelitian ini percobaan dilakukan dengan 2 perlakuan terdiri dari lama sentrifugasi 5 menit dan 7 menit menggunakan kecepatan yang sama yaitu 2250 rpm (850 G). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanÂ perlakuan sentrifugasi 5 menit memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dari 7 menit meliputi konsentrasi, viabilitas dan total spermatozoa motil, sedangkan abnormalitas dan motililtas lebih baik sentrifugasi 7 menit dari pada 5 menit. Proporsi spermatozoa X pada perlakuan sentrifugasi 5 dan 7 menit tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) yaitu 78,6% dan 76,5%.Â Kata kunci : Â Â Sentrifugasi, Sexing Gradien Densitas Percoll, Kualitas Spermatozoa, Proporsi Spermatozoa, CEP-2+10%KT
PENGARUH LAMA EKUILIBRASI PADA PROSES PEMBEKUAN TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN SAPI WAGYU MENGGUNAKAN PENGENCER ANDROMEDïƒ’
Authors: Hanifi Hirzi , Ihsan Muhammad Nur , Susilawati Trinil 
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama ekuilibrasi semen sapi Wagyu terhadap kualitas semen dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh individu sapi Wagyu terhadap kualitas semen pada lama ekuilibrasi yang berbeda. Materi yang digunakan berupa semen segar sapi Wagyu yang berasal dari 9 kali proses penampungan dari 3 ekor sapi. Proses penampungan dilakukan 1 kali seminggu setiap sapi dengan menggunakan vagina buatan. Sapi dipelihara dengan manajemen yang baik di unit pembibitan PT. Austasia Stockfeed. Semen segar yang digunakan memiliki nilai rata-rata persentase motilitas individu 75% dan motilitas massa 3+. Pengencer yang digunakan adalah AndromedÃ’. Metode penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorium dengan 3 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan tiga rentang waktu lama ekuilibrasi semen dengan P1 (3 jam 30 menit), P2 (4 jam), dan P3 (4 jam 30 menit). Variabel yang diamati diantaranya persentase motilitas individu, pada saat sebelum pembekuan (before freezing) dan setelah pembekuan (post thawing) serta total spermatozoa motil (TSM). Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam, dan rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) tersarang dua tahap. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama ekuilibrasi (P1, P2, dan P3) tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap persentase motilitas individu spermatozoa sapi Wagyu. Perbedaan individu bull sapi Wagyu memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas semen before freezing dan post thawing. Individu bull 1 memiliki nilai persentase kualitas spermatozoa terbaik dengan nilai persentase motilitas individu spermatozoa before freezing dan post thawing dengan nilai 61,67Â±2,50% dan 35,51Â±7,71%. Total spermatozoa motil terbaik pada lama ekuilibrasi 4,5 jam (P3) 14,0Â±1,0 juta spermatozoa/straw.Â Kata kunci: kualitas semen, motilitas individu, post thawing
EFFECT OF FLOUR AND PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT (Carica papaya L.) ADDITION TO FEED ON GAS PRODUCTION, DIGESTIBILITY AND ENERGY VALUES IN VITRO
Authors: Khoiriyah Miftahul , Chuzaemi Siti , Sudarwati Herni 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect ofÂ papayaÂ (Carica papaya L) leafÂ extract and flour on a mixed feed made from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and pollard(Triticum aestivum) on gas production, in vitro digestibility dry matter (DDM), digestibility organic matter (DOM), and the value of energy. The materials used in this research was mixed feed consisting of grass, pollard and papaya leafs as feed supplement. The method used is a Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. P0 was control feed, P1 was P0 + 2% of papaya leaf flour, P2 was P0 + 4% of papaya leaf flour, P3 was P0 + 2% papaya leaf extract, and P4 was P0 + 4% papaya leaf extract. Duncan's Multiple Range Test was carried out if there found any difference in treatments. The result of the research shows that papaya leaf extract and flour did not give significant influence (P> 0,05) for gas production, in vitro digestibility dry matter and digestibility organic matter , and energy value , but gave significant influence (P <0,01) for net energy. The addition of 4% papaya leaf extract gave the best results for gas production value (value b = 133,16 ml/500 mgDM and value c=0,064 ml/h), digestibility dry matter and digestibility organic value (DDM = 63,57 % and DOM = 65,49 %), metabolizableÂ energy 8,47 MJ/KgDM value and net energy 6,29 MJ/KgDM value. Those can be concluded that addition of 2% and 4% papaya leaf extract and papaya flour canâ€™t increase gas production, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter but increases net energy value. Suggestions from this research was that feeding a mixture of grass and pollard added with 4% of papaya leaf flour should be conducted to determine the level of productivity.Â Keywords : Papaya leaf, gas production, in vitro digestibility, energy
THE IMPROVEMENT AND APPLICATION OF EI-GUN (ELECTRICAL INSEMINATION GUN) FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI) USING GOAT FRESH SEMEN
Authors: Dewi Mirsa Ita , Ciptadi Gatot , Radiati Lilik Eka 
Published: July 2017

Electrical Insemination Gun (EI-GUN) was a tool for Artificial Insemination (AI) using fresh semen with an electric control system. The research objective was to produced EI-GUN for AI using fresh semen on small ruminants (goat). The research was conducted from March to June 2015. The process of EI-GUN creation implemented in Design and Prototype Laboratory and Aero Modeling Research Laboratory at Engineering Faculty, University of Brawijaya (UB). Testing tools EI-GUN on goat was conducted in the Sumber Sekar Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty, UB.Â The methods of research were literature study, tool specification determination, designing EI-GUN, running test, semen evaluation passed EI-GUN and application on Goat. EI-GUN has seven important parts, which supports each other in this operating system. Those parts consist of stylet, servo, system controlled, insemination pump, connecting rod, battery, and holder. EI-GUN work system sucked the semen into insemination pump as much as 5 ml, and release the semen 0.25 ml appropriate standard of AI. It was applicable for 20 times AI. The results showed that the cell motility of spermatozoa â‰¥ 70% were still in ranging of Indonesian National Standard (SNI).Â Keywords: artificial insemination, EI-GUN, fresh semen.
PENGARUH JENIS BURUNG PUYUH DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN KOMERSIAL YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN ORGAN DALAM BURUNG PUYUH (Coturnix-coturnix japonica)
Authors: Pradikdo Bayu Aji , Sudjarwo Edhy , Muharlien Muharlien 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of combination of quail type and different commercial feed treatment. The material used for this research are 96 female Bangkok quail and Bangkok-Local Crossbreed (15 days). The variables are carcass and giblet percentages (heart, liver, spleen and gizzard). The method used in this research is Completely Randomize Design (CRD) by factorial design (2x3). The treatment consists of 2 combinations;Â factor A1 (Bangkok) and A2 (Bangkok-Local crossbred). The commercial feed consists of B1 (brand commercial feed A), B2 (brand commercial feed B), B3 (brand commercial feed C). The data collection are in the age 15 days until 63 days. The data are analized by ANOVA (analysis of variant) and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result shows that interaction of the type of quail and different commercial feed are not significantly influenced (P>0.05) on carcass and giblet percentages. The treatment of type of quail is significantly different (P<0.05) on carcass and liver percentages. The different of commercial feed is not significantly influenced (P>0.05) on carcass and giblet percentages. This research concludes Bangkok quail and brand commercial feed A is able to produce the highest percentage of carcass.Â Keywords: bangkok quail, crossbreed quail, commercials feed, carcass, hearth
PENGARUH KANDANG INDIVIDU (SINGLE CAGES) DAN KELOMPOK (GROUP CAGES) TERHADAP BOBOT AKHIR, BOBOT KARKAS, LEMAK ABDOMINAL DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN PADA AYAM ARAB JANTAN
Authors: Ardiansyah Helmi 
Published: July 2017

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kandang individu (single cages) dan kelompok (group cages) terhadap bobot akhir, bobot karkas, lemak abdominal dan efisiensi pakan ayam pada arab jantan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kandang individu dan kelompok memberikan pengaruh berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap variabel bobot akhir, bobot karkas, dan efisiensi pakan, namun memberikan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap variabel lemak abdominal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh data sebagai berikut; rata-rata bobot akhir sebesar 1067,00-1188,20 g/ekor; rata-rata bobot karkas sebesar 665,16 â€“ 738,96 g/ekor atau 62,16 â€“ 64,33%; rata-rata lemak abdominal sebesar 3,48 â€“ 9,82 g/ekor atau 0,33 â€“ 0,88%; dan rata- rata efisiensi pakan sebesar 26,75 â€“ 32,36 %. Perlakuan P2 menunjukkan hasil rata-rata tertinggi. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan bobot akhir (1188,20 g), bobot karkas (738,96 g), dan efisiensi pakan (32,36%) paling baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepadatan kandang sampai empat ekor masih cukup nyaman. Penggunaan kandang kelompok (2 ekor per ukuran 1200 cm2) memberikan hasil paling baik dan cukup efisien untuk mendapatkan bobot akhir, bobot karkas yang maksimal, efisiensi pakan yang tinggi terhadap ayam arab jantan periode grower. Saran agar agar mendapatkan bobot akhir, bobot karkas yang maksimal, dan efisiensi pakan yang tinggi maka, sebaiknya menggunakan kandang kelompok (group cages) dengan pengisian 2 ekor per ukuran 1200 cm2.Â Kata kunci :Ayam, single dan group cages, bobot akhir, karkas, lemak abdominal, efisiensi pakan
Peine: Saber andino, manejo de recursos y transformaciones
Authors: Núñez Marie Karolina 
Published: July 2017

Los pueblos andinos, tienden a pensar el espacio y manejar el máximo de recursos disponibles, a través de una estrategia ecológica subjetiva, conducente a presentar respuestas que, en este caso, los habitantes del oasis de Peine reflejan en distintos ámbitos del ciclo de la vida cotidiana. A través de las nociones propias de su sabiduría, con adaptaciones científicas en torno a la organización y administración, consistente en el paisaje como recurso, se advierte en este oasis un proceso vertiginoso de cambios sustanciales. Se entiende así una situación étnica sustentada por entramados culturales en tensión, provocados no precisamente desde dentro, sino que, del impacto explícito de los agentes de cambio externos, hacia donde se extienden los entramados en un escenario frágil de fenómenos simultáneos de continuidad y cambios. ABSTRACTThe Andean people trend to think the space and manage most of the available resources through a subjective ecological strategy, guiding to show answers that, in this case, the inhabitants of the oasis of Peine reflex in different situations of the cycle of the ordinary life. Through the own notions of their wisdom, with scientific adaptations around the organisation and administration, which consist in the landscape as a resource, a vertiginous process of substantial changes is seen in this oasis. It is understood in this way a ethnic situation based on cultural framed works in tautness, caused not precisely from the inside, but from the explicit impact of the agents of the external changes, where the framed works are extended in a fragile scenery of simultaneous phenomena of continuity and change.