bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Adenylate Metabolizing Enzymes and Adenine Nucleotide Levels of Erythrocytes During Blood Storage in Various Media
Authors: Srivastava S. K. , Villacorte D. , Beutler E. 
Published: March 2017

Blood from normal donors and from heterozy‐gotes for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase was stored in ACD, ACD‐adenine, and ACD‐adenine‐phosphate media. The levels of AMP, ADP and ATP along with the enzymes involved in adenine nucleotide metabolism; adenine phosphoribosyl‐transferase, ribose‐5‐P pyrophosphokinase and AMP‐deaminase, were determined at various stages of blood storage in various media. One of the heterozygotes for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase maintained ATP levels poorly in all the media, but another heterozygote maintained ATP levels in a normal fashion. No significant correlation was established between the activities of various enzymes of adenine nucleotide metabolism and the levels of adenine nucleotides at any stage of blood storage in any medium studied.A population survey showed that the frequency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is of the order of 1 per cent. The heterozygote defect is not accompanied by any obvious abnormalities.
Anti‐Lu5, Anti‐Lu6, and Anti‐Lu7
Authors: Marsh W. L. 
Published: March 2017

A combined study, supported by blood samples from many laboratories, allowed the recognition of three “new” antibodies, anti‐Lu5, anti‐Lu6, and anti‐Lu7. The reacting antigens all appear to have a high frequency, but are absent on all Lu(a—b—) red blood cells that have been tested. Family studies have shown that Lu6 and Lu7 are inherited characters but family studies on Lu5 have not been informative. The results suggest thatLu5, Lu6, andLu7genes operate on the same precursor material as do the usual Lutheran genes but there is no evidence to show whetherLu5, Lu6, andLu7are located on the Lutheran chromosome.A new Lutheran phenotype, Lu(w), displays weak Lutheran antigens.
Continuous‐flow Centrifugation Washing of Red Blood Cells
Authors: Runck A. H. , Valeri C. R. ,   With the Technical Assistance of R. J. Truver and J. N. Lute
Published: March 2017

Nonfrozen and previously frozen red blood cells were washed by continuous‐flow centrifugation in reusable, stainless steel bowls. Satisfactory washout of extracellular Evans blue dye and intracellular glycerol from the red blood cell suspension was achieved, but complete mixing in the washing bowl was not accomplished.We studied the effects of the concentration of glycerol in the red cell suspension, the temperature (20 C or 40 C), spindle speed, flow rate, and composition of the electrolyte solution on the efficiency of washing in the reusable bowl. With this information in hand, we established automated programmed wash cycles.
Cardiac cell proliferation is not necessary for exercise‐induced cardiac growth but required for its protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Bei Yihua , Fu Siyi , Chen Xiangming , Chen Mei , Zhou Qiulian , Yu Pujiao , Yao Jianhua , Wang Hongbao , Che Lin , Xu Jiahong , Xiao Junjie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe adult heart retains a limited ability to regenerate in response to injury. Although exercise can reduce cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the relative contribution of cardiac cell proliferation including newly formed cardiomyocytes remains unclear. A 4‐week swimming murine model was utilized to induce cardiac physiological growth. Simultaneously, the antineoplastic agent 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), which acts during the S phase of the cell cycle, was given to mice via intraperitoneal injections. Using EdU and Ki‐67 immunolabelling, we showed that exercise‐induced cardiac cell proliferation was blunted by 5‐FU. In addition, the growth of heart in size and weight upon exercise was unaltered, probably due to the fact that exercise‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was not influenced by 5‐FU as demonstrated by wheat germ agglutinin staining. Meanwhile, the markers for pathological hypertrophy, including ANP and BNP, were not changed by either exercise or 5‐FU, indicating that physiological growth still developed in the presence of 5‐FU. Furthermore, we showed that CITED4, a key regulator for cardiomyocyte proliferation, was blocked by 5‐FU. Meanwhile, C/EBPβ, a transcription factor responsible for both cellular proliferation and hypertrophy, was not altered by treatment with 5‐FU. Importantly, the effects of exercise in reducing cardiac I/R injury could be abolished when cardiac cell proliferation was attenuated in mice treated with 5‐FU. In conclusion, cardiac cell proliferation is not necessary for exercise‐induced cardiac physiological growth, but it is required for exercise‐associated protection against I/R injury.
Efficacy of collagen matrix seal and collagen sponge on ridge preservation in combination with bone allograft: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Natto Zuhair S. , Parashis Andreas , Steffensen Bjorn , Ganguly Rumpa , Finkelman Matthew D. , Jeong Y. Natalie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo test whether the use of collagen matrix seal (CMS) results in similar hard and soft tissue remodelling to that with collagen sponge (CS) used as barriers 4 months following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), in combination with freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA).Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight patients were randomly assigned to the two groups. Clinical and radiographic measurements were recorded with the same stent at baseline and 4 months for standardization. The flapless technique following a traumatic extraction was used for the two types of barriers.ResultsAll patients completed the study, 14 in the CMS group and 14 in the CS group. Reduction in coronal ridge width (1.21 mm‐14.91% CMS and 1.47 mm‐20.40% CS) and vertical buccal bone resorption (0.30 mm CMS and 0.79 mm CS) were not significantly different. A slight increase in buccal gingival thickness at the coronal part was observed in both groups (0.9 mm CMS and 0.5 mm CS).ConclusionsCollagen matrix seal and CS, when combined with FDBA, significantly minimized ridge resorption in all dimensions and maintained buccal soft tissue thickness in sockets with a buccal plate loss of <2 mm in comparison to previously reported findings recorded after tooth extraction without ARP.
Genetic divergence with ongoing gene flow is maintained by the use of different hosts in phytophagous ladybird beetles genus Henosepilachna
Authors: Matsubayashi K. W. , Kohyama T. I. , Kobayashi N. , Yamasaki S. , Kuwajima M. , Katakura H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAdaptation to different environments can promote population divergence via natural selection even in the presence of gene flow – a phenomenon that typically occurs during ecological speciation. To elucidate how natural selection promotes and maintains population divergence during speciation, we investigated the population genetic structure, degree of gene flow and heterogeneous genomic divergence in three closely related Japanese phytophagous ladybird beetles: Henosepilachna pustulosa, H. niponica and H. yasutomii. These species act as a generalist, a wild thistle (Cirsium spp.) specialist and a blue cohosh (Caulophyllum robustum) specialist, respectively, and their ranges differ accordingly. The two specialist species widely co‐occur but are reproductively isolated solely due to their high specialization to a particular host plant. Genomewide amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences demonstrated obvious genomewide divergence associated with both geographic distance and ecological divergence. However, a hybridization assessment for both AFLP loci and the mitochondrial sequences revealed a certain degree of unidirectional gene flow between the two sympatric specialist species. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on all of the variable AFLP loci demonstrated that there are genetic similarities between populations from adjacent localities irrespective of the species (i.e. host range). However, a further comparative genome scan identified a few fractions of loci representing approximately 1% of all loci as different host‐associated outliers. These results suggest that these three species had a complex origin, which could be obscured by current gene flow, and that ecological divergence can be maintained with only a small fraction of the genome is related to different host use even when there is a certain degree of gene flow between sympatric species pairs.
Promoting resource stewardship: Reducing inappropriate free thyroid hormone testing
Authors: Gilmour Julie A. , Weisman Alanna , Orlov Steven , Goldberg Robert J. , Goldberg Alyse , Baranek Hayley , Mukerji Geetha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRationaleFree thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) tests are often ordered when not clinically warranted. Preventing laboratory overuse by reducing inappropriate fT4 and fT3 testing is one strategy to promote resource stewardship.Objectives(1) To characterize the frequency of inappropriate fT4 and fT3 testing and (2) to implement a quality improvement strategy aimed at reducing the number of these tests performed.MethodsQuality improvement tools were used to create sequential change ideas: (1) education of physicians regarding appropriate indications for ordering fT4/fT3 and (2) implementation of a hospital‐wide laboratory and forced‐function system with a reflex fT4. This study was conducted at an academic ambulatory care hospital in Toronto, Canada.The main outcomes were the differences in weekly median number of thyroid‐stimulating hormone, fT4, and fT3 tests performed during the preintervention, education, and reflex periods using the Kruskal‐Wallis test and analysis for special cause variation with statistical process control charts.ResultsThe median number of fT4/fT3 processed per week was significantly reduced from 90/39 at baseline to 78/34 posteducation and 59/14 postreflex (P < .0001). Comparing preintervention to the reflex period, there was 34% reduction in fT4 and 64% reduction in fT3. The number of processed thyroid‐stimulating hormone tests was stable with only 2% variation. Statistical process control charts demonstrated special cause variation following implementation of the reflex system for both fT4 and fT3.Conclusions and RelevanceInappropriate testing of free thyroid indices occurs frequently. The implementation of a reflex fT4 strategy after education was feasible in reducing overall testing by 49% and was effective in promoting resource stewardship.
Functional Status Modifies the Association of Blood Pressure with Death in Elders: Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Wu Chenkai , Smit Ellen , Peralta Carmen A. , Sarathy Harini , Odden Michelle C. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo examine whether grip strength, gait speed, and the combination of the two physical functioning measures modified the association of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) with mortality.DesignNationally representative cohort study.SettingHealth and Retirement Study.Participants7,492 U.S. adults aged ≥65 years.MeasurementsGrip strength was measured by a hand dynamometer and classified as normal (≥16 kg for female; ≥26 kg for male) and weak. Gait speed was assessed over a 98.5‐inch walk and classified as non‐slow (≥0.60 m/s for female; ≥0.52 m/s for male) and slow.ResultsOver an average follow‐up time of 6.0 years, 1,870 (25.0%) participants died. After adjustment for socio‐demographic, behavioral, and clinical measures, elevated SBP (≥150 mmHg) and DBP (≥90 mmHg) was associated with a 24% (95% CI, 7–43%) and 25% (95% CI, 5–49%) higher mortality among participants with normal grip strength. In contrast, elevated SBP and DBP was associated with a 6% (95% CI, 31 to −27%) and a 16% (95% CI, 46 to −26%) lower mortality among those with weak grip strength (P‐values of interactions: both=.07). The inverse relations between BP with death were most pronounced among slow walkers with weak grip strength. The HRs of elevated SBP and DBP for death was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.56–1.29) and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.30–0.96), respectively, and was substantially different from non‐slow walkers with normal grip strength (HR = 1.24 and 1.15, respectively; P‐values of interactions: both <.001). Therefore, associations of BP with death varied modestly by gait speed.ConclusionGrip strength modified the association of BP with death. Combination of grip strength and gait speed has incremental value for modifying the association of BP with death.
Frequency and Risk Factors for Live Discharge from Hospice
Authors: Russell David , Diamond Eli L. , Lauder Bonnie , Dignam Ritchell R. , Dowding Dawn W. , Peng Timothy R. , Prigerson Holly G. , Bowles Kathryn H. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo report frequencies and associated risk factors for 4 distinct causes of live discharge from hospice.DesignRetrospective cohort study using electronic medical records of hospice patients who received care from a large urban not‐for‐profit hospice agency in New York City during a 3‐year period between 2013 and 2015 (n = 9,190).ResultsRoughly one in five hospice patients were discharged alive (21%; n = 1911). Acute hospitalization was the most frequent reason for live discharge (42% of all live discharges; n = 802). Additional reasons included elective revocation to resume disease‐directed treatments (18%; n = 343), disqualification (14%; n = 271), and service transfers or moves (26%; n = 495). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that risk for acute hospitalization was higher among younger patients (age AOR = 0.98 [95% CI = 0.98–0.99] P < .01), racial/ethnic minorities (Hispanic AOR = 2.23 [CI = 1.82–2.73] P < .001; African American OR = 2.46 [CI = 2.00–3.03] P < .001; Asian/other OR = 1.63 [CI = 1.25–2.11] P < .001), and patients without advance directives (AOR = 1.41 [95% CI = 0.98–0.99] P < .001). Disqualification occurred much more frequently among patients with non‐cancer diagnoses, including dementia (AOR = 13.14 [95% CI = 7.96–21.61] P < .001) and pulmonary disease (AOR = 11.68 [95% CI = 6.58–20.74] P < .001). Transfers and service moves were more common among Hispanics (AOR = 1.56 [95% CI = 1.45–2.34] P < .001), African Americans (AOR = 1.35 [95% CI = 1.03–1.79] P < .05), patients without a primary caregiver (AOR = 1.35 [95% CI = 1.09–1.67] P < .001), and those without advance directives (AOR = 1.30 [95% CI = 1.07–1.58] P < .01).ConclusionFurther research into factors that underlie live discharge events, especially acute hospitalization, is warranted given their cost and burden for patients/families. Hospices should develop strategies to address acute medical crises and thoroughly evaluate patients’ suitability, unmet needs, and knowledge about end‐of‐life issues at the time of hospice enrollment, especially for those with non‐cancer diagnoses.
E‐cadherin‐mediated impairment increases anti‐apoptotic mechanism through upregulation of Bcl‐2: An immunohistochemical study in various patterns of invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gulati Nikita , Shetty Devi Charan , Rathore Ajit Singh , Juneja Saurabh , Jain Anshi 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundBcl‐2 and E‐cadherin proteins are known to be involved in the control of apoptotic cell death and invasive potential, respectively, which is an important hallmark of tumor regulation that influences their biologic behavior.AimThis study investigates the relationship of Bcl‐2 and E‐cadherin immunoexpression in various Bryne's patterns of invasion.Material and MethodsImmunohistochemical analyses for Bcl‐2 and E‐cadherin were performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections on 40 cases (32 cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma and eight cases of controls) and were scored using qualitative and quantitative (percentage positive) analysis.Statistical analysisThe resulting data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Correlation between patterns of invasion and qualitative scores of Bcl‐2 and E‐cadherin was calculated using Spearman rho correlation. Difference of mean percentage of positive cells of Bcl‐2 and E‐cadherin in different patterns of invasion was tested by ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test.ResultsBcl‐2 and E‐cadherin immunoreactivity was positively correlated with Bryne's pattern of invasion (P value<.05). An inverse relation was found between Bcl‐2 and E‐cadherin expression with Bryne's patterns 1‐5 of invasion.ConclusionsThe results pointed to the antagonistic role of E‐cadherin and Bcl‐2 and thus provide the opportunity for cell survival along with increased invasive potential.
Evolution of post‐traumatic growth during the first 12 months of dialysis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Ruiz de Alegría Begoña , Basabe Nekane , De Lorenzo Elena 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundInitiating dialysis can produce psychological benefits. These positive changes, most frequently referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG), have not previously been explored in these patients.ObjectiveTo identify patterns in the temporal course of PTG in patients during their first 12 months of dialysis, and to relate to perceived stress.DesignA prospective, longitudinal, observational study.Setting and MethodsThe sample included 98 patients, aged from 18 to 70 years, who commenced dialysis in the nine nephrology units of the Basque Country, Spain. Three assessments were carried out at 1, 6 and 12 months, using a PTG questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. ANOVAs with post‐hoc analysis were performed to identify significant differences between the groups.ResultsFour groups were established based on the observed changes in PTG over time: high, increasing, decreasing and low PTG. Maintaining high PTG and decreasing PTG levels was associated with moderate levels of perceived stress.ConclusionFour different patterns of PTG have been identified, contributing to our understanding of the dynamics of the process of growth and enabling us to identify patients who may be more vulnerable.
Cholangiohepatitis in Dairy Cattle: 13 Cases
Authors: Gomez D.E. , Doré E. , Francoz D. , Desrochers A. , Pierre H. , Fecteau G. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe signalment, clinicopathologic, bacteriological, histopathological, ultrasonographic characteristics, and the treatment and outcomes of adult cattle with cholangiohepatitis are poorly defined.AnimalsThirteen Holstein cows with cholangiohepatitis.MethodsRetrospective study of medical records of cattle admitted to theCHUVand theAVCbetween 1992 and 2012 and 2000 and 2012, respectively, for cattle older than 3 months of age with a histopathological diagnosis of cholangiohepatitis. Cholangiohepatitis was defined as the presence of portal inflammation surrounding or infiltrating bile ducts, with or without epithelial damage, and extending into the adjacent lobules.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis of cholangiohepatitis, cows had decreased appetite (n = 7) or were anorectic (n = 6), had fever (n = 5), and had tachycardia (n = 8). Icterus was detected in 5 cows. Yellow discoloration was identified on the skin of the udder (n = 3), conjunctiva (n = 2), and vulva (n = 1). There was leukocytosis (n = 6), neutrophilia (n = 9), and hyperfibrinogenemia (n = 8). Alteration in the serum biochemistry profile included hyperglobulinemia (n = 8), hypoalbuminemia (n = 10), increased activity ofGGT(n = 12),AST(n = 8), andALP(n = 10), and hyperbilirubinemia (n = 10). Histopathological diagnosis included mild, subacute, nonsuppurative cholangiohepatitis (n = 4), mild suppurative cholangiohepatitis (n = 4), mild mixed (neutrophilic and lymphocytic) cholangiohepatitis (n = 3), and moderate, chronic, nonsuppurative cholangiohepatitis (n = 1). Six cows were discharged from the hospital, and 7 were euthanized.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCholangiohepatitis is a rare condition in adult cattle. Antemortem diagnosis can be challenging because clinical signs are unspecific.
Quantitative Dietary Taurine Requirement for California Yellowtail, Seriola lalandi
Authors: Salze Guillaume P. , Stuart Kevin R. , Jirsa Dave O. , Davis D. Allen , Drawbridge Mark A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough taurine has been identified as a required nutrient in several Seriola species, there are no available quantitative data on dietary taurine requirements for these commercially important species and recommendations are highly variable. Therefore, juvenile Seriola lalandi were fed one of eight practical diets supplemented with graded levels of taurine (0.11–1.08% of the dry diet, analyzed) to estimate their taurine requirement. Response in growth rate, feed efficiency, and nutrient deposition were evaluated using a broken‐quadratic model and 4‐ and 5‐parameter saturation kinetic models (4‐SKM and 5‐SKM) Blood serum composition was analyzed using linear models. Requirement estimates based on growth rates (thermal‐unit growth coefficient) and protein deposition were similar at 0.26% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.28) and 0.29% (95% CI: 0.25–0.34) dietary taurine, respectively. Feed and protein deposition efficiencies were optimized at 0.26–1.02% and 0.26–1.00% dietary taurine, respectively. Taurine deposition in the animal was maximized at higher dietary levels (0.64%). Levels of serum taurine increased in response to dietary levels and peaked at around 0.80% dietary taurine. Concomitantly, serum urea and total amino acid levels decreased with increasing dietary taurine levels, suggesting a reduced amino acid catabolism relative to the aforementioned improvement in protein deposition efficiency.
Landscape features impact connectivity between soil populations: a comparative study of gene flow in earthworms
Authors: Dupont L. , Torres‐Leguizamon M. , René‐Corail P. , Mathieu J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLandscape features are known to alter the spatial genetic variation of aboveground organisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the genetic structure of belowground organisms also responds to landscape structure. Microsatellite markers were used to carry out a landscape genetic study of two endogeic earthworm species, Allolobophora chlorotica (N = 440, eight microsatellites) and Aporrectodea icterica (N = 519, seven microsatellites), in an agricultural landscape in the North of France, where landscape features were characterized with high accuracy. We found that habitat fragmentation impacted genetic variation of earthworm populations at the local scale. A significant relationship was observed between genetic diversity (He, Ar) and several landscape features in A. icterica populations and A. chlorotica. Moreover, a strong genetic differentiation between sites was observed in both species, with a low degree of genetic admixture and high Fst values. The landscape connectivity analysis at the regional scale, including isolation by distance, least‐cost path and cost‐weighted distance approaches, showed that genetic distances were linked to landscape connectivity in A. chlorotica. This indicates that the fragmentation of natural habitats has shaped their dispersal patterns and local effective population sizes. Landscape connectivity analysis confirmed that a priori favourable habitats such as grasslands may constitute dispersal corridors for these species.
What's new in Rome IV?
Authors: Tack J. , Drossman D. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are the most common disorders seen in Gastroenterology clinical practice. The Rome process has generated consensus definitions of FGIDS, allowing to subdivide patients into diagnostic categories based on the symptom pattern. The Rome IV consensus, presented in 2016, is the most recent update of this diagnostic scheme. This article summarizes the main changes, which include the use of epidemiology‐based symptom thresholds to define FGIDs, characterization of FGIDS as disorders of Gut‐Brain interaction, and updates of criteria for esophageal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome and Biliary and Sphincter of Oddi disorders based on scientific and technical progress made over the last decade. The Rome IV consensus provides a standard for clinical and research approach to FGIDS for the coming years.