bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury Risk and Influencing Factors of Substance Use and Problematic Internet Use Among Emerging Adults in Beijing, China.
Authors: Zhou Xiaoding , Li Ruyu , Gao Qi , Wang xiaonan , Cheng Peixia , Zhu Huiping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to explore the impact of substance use (SU), problematic internet use (PIU), and their comorbidity on unintentional and intentional injuries among emerging adults in Beijing.
Methods
This cross-sectional study targeted emerging adults from two universities (undergraduates and postgraduates) in Beijing to ensure comprehension ability and voluntary participation. Commencing in July 2023, an on-site survey employed an anonymous electronic questionnaire accessible through a QR code. Descriptive measures, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk of injury in different populations and to further analyze the factors influencing injury in different populations.
Results
Among the 1629 participants, substance use was categorized into 1045 low-risk (64.15%), 525 medium-risk (32.22%), and 59 (3.62%) high-risk users. For problematic internet use, participants were divided into non-PIU (n = 777, 47.70%), mild-moderate PIU (n = 819, 50.28%), and severe PIU (n = 33, 2.02%) groups. The comorbid group had a significantly greater risk of intentional injuries, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.08 (95% CI: 1.44–3.01). Patients in the comorbid group demonstrated increased risks of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation. The comorbid group had the highest risk for NSSI (aOR = 6.75, 95% CI = 3.15–14.48) and suicidal ideation (aOR = 3.49, 95% CI = 2.54–4.81). The demographic, psychological and social factors associated with injury risk varied among substance use, problematic internet use, and comorbid groups.
Conclusion
This study unveiled the prevalence of substance use and problematic internet use, each manifesting distinct risk profiles, among individuals in the emerging adulthood stage. Both substance use and problematic internet use independently contributed to increased risks of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation. Notably, the comorbid group faced the highest vulnerability, emphasizing the compounding effect of these behaviors. Improving the mental health of young people, the quality of their sleep, appropriate stress release and the control of bullying in schools may play a significant role in the occurrence of intentional injuries. Furthermore, it is even more important to intervene with emerging adulthood who are younger, live in urban areas, have neurotic personalities and female groups.
The Petunia heavy metal P-type ATPase PhHMA5II1 interacts with copper chaperons and regulate Cu detoxification
Authors: Pan Liru , Li Ruiling , Wu Jinglei , Li Yanbang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Copper (Cu) is an essential element for plant growth but toxic when present in excess. In this study we present the functional characterization of a petunia (Petunia hybrid) P1B-type heavy-metal ATPases (HMAs), PhHMA5II1. Heterologous expression of PhHMA5II1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) showed Cu transport activity. The expression of PhHMA5II1 in roots and shoots was unaffected by excess Cu. CRISPR/Cas9-edited mutant lines and PhHMA5II1 overexpressing transgenic plants were generated to investigate the functions of PhHMA5II1 in petunia. The PhHMA5II1 knockout mutant was hypersensitive to excess Cu and accumulated more Cu in roots compared to wild-type petunia. Overexpression of PhHMA5II1 enhanced Cu tolerance and reduced Cu accumulation in roots. Furthermore, PhHMA5II1 localized in endoplasmic reticulum, and the localization was unaffected by excess Cu. Yeast two-hybrid experiments and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrate that PhHMA5II1 interact with petunia copper chaperons, PhATX1 and PhCCH. Finally, RNA-sequencing revealed that knockout PhHMA5II1 affected the expression of genes involved in cell wall organization, copper ion homeostasis, and response to oxidative stress. Taken together, PhHMA5II1 plays an important role in Cu detoxification in petunia.
Do the Regional Upper GI Bleed Services can provide safe and effective services? (Outcome based analysis from a regional upper GI bleeding service centre in the United Kingdom)
Authors: Anarajula Chaitthanya , Baskar Sangeetha , Schembri John , Nair Abhinav , Bhagrav Srishti , Nishad Nilanga , Thoufeeq Mo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who presented with AUGIB among two groups of patients who were transferred from local and district hospitals for endoscopy and subsequent management versus direct admissions to the emergency department with acute UGIB to the Sheffield University Hospital NHS Trust.
Methods
We included 259 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy from April 2018 to March 2022, of whom 29 were transferred and 230 were direct admissions. The analysis focused on demographics, pathological findings, and time to endoscopy, blood transfusions, and hospital stay.
Results
Transferred patients were younger (median age 58 vs. 67 years) and received early endoscopic interventions compared to direct admissions (mean time to endoscopy 0.97 vs 2.1 days/p = 0.001). The means (s.d.) of hospital stay among the transferred and direct admission groups were 9.9 (9.5) and 8.3 (9.7) days, respectively (p = 0.43), regardless of intervention timing or transfusion needs. The timing of the procedure did not influence the length of hospital stay from the time of endoscopy to discharge (p = 0.241). Thirty-day mortality was 8 (28%) in the transferred group and 20 (9%) in the non-transferred group. (p = 0.006)
Conclusion
These findings underscore that regional bleeding services are safe and effective.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the Carotid Artery and Femoral Artery of Rats Exposed to Hindlimb Unloading
Authors: Li Chengfei , Pan Yikai , Wang Yuan , Li Xi , Tie Yateng , Li Shuhan , Wang Ruonan , Zhao Xingcheng , Fan Jieyi , Yan Xianchun , Wang Yongchun , Sun Xiqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Prolonged spaceflight is known to cause vascular deconditioning and remodeling. Although tail suspension, a widely used spaceflight analog, is reported to result in vascular remodeling of rats, little is known about the cellular atlas of the heterogeneous cells of CA and FA from hindlimb-unloaded rats.
Methods
Firstly, we leveraged scRNA-seq to perform clustering analysis to identify diverse cell populations and sub-clusters within CA and FA from rats subjected to 3 months of hindlimb unloading, unravel dysregulated genes specific for artery types and cell types in HU group compared to Con. Then R package “Cellchat” was used to reveal ligand-receptor cellular communication. At last, the TF network analysis was performed using the SCENIC R package to predict the pivotal TFs in rat artery remodeling induced by hindlimb unloading.
Results
Clustering analysis identified ECs, SMCs, fibroblasts, and a spectrum of immune cells, as well as neuronal and stem cells. Notably, an increased percentage of ECs in the CA and a diminished proportion of SMCs in both CA and FA were observed following tail suspension. Intersection of dysregulated genes specific for artery type and cell type after tail suspension revealed several gene sets involved in ECM remodeling, inflammation, vasoconstriction, etc. Fibroblasts, in particular, exhibited the most significant gene expression variability, highlighting their plasticity. Subclustering within ECs, SMCs and fibroblasts revealed specialized subsets engaged in processes such as EndoMT and cell cycle checkpoint regulation. Additionally, enhanced intercellular interactions among major cell types, especially between SMC and fibroblast, underscored the importance of cell communication in vascular remodeling. Several TFs were identified as potentially influential in the vascular remodeling process under simulated microgravity conditions.
Conclusions
This study presents the first cellular atlas of the conductive arteries in hindlimb-unloaded rats, revealing a spectrum of dysregulated gene profiles. The identification of the subclusters of ECs, SMCs and fibroblasts, cellular communication analysis and transcription factors prediction are also included in this work. The findings provide a reference for future research on vascular deconditioning following long-duration spaceflight.
Geochemical formatives and risk assessment of heavy metals in the near-shore sediments of the Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: Dar Mahmoud A. Radi , Madkour Amany G. , Algendy Ahmed R. , Zaghloul Ghada Y. , Daba Abd El Mohsen S. El 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The Red Sea's near-shore zones were thought to be nurseries and grazing grounds for the various economic fish species. To illustrate the relation between human health and seafloor sediments, the geological and geochemical properties of seafloor sediments were investigated in near-shore zones at each of Mersa Alam and Hurghada cities along the Red Sea. The obtained data illustrated that the sediment nature at Hurghada is primarily of biogenic origin, as indicated by the high carbonate contents; however, the sediment nature at Mersa Alam is attributed mainly to the terrigenous origin. Accordingly, the studied heavy metals at both localities showed different feeding sources; Mersa Alam sites showed high levels of; Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Cu attributed to terrigenous inputs; however the high averages of Cd and Pb at Hurghada pointed accusingly to land-based and human activities. Geochemically and as indicated by the statistical parameters; Correlation coefficient, PCA and Geo-accumulation (Igeo); Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni were found mainly in association with Fe in the same source of accumulation and similar geochemical forms. However, the adsorption over sediment particles and/or assimilation inside the carbonate lattices are possible occurrences of Cd, Pb, and partially Ni. The calculated risk assessment parameters and Carcinogenic Risk (ILCR) don’t show any threats for marine organisms and humans consumption.
Copy number variation heterogeneity reveals biological inconsistency in hierarchical cancer classifications
Authors: Yang Ziying , Baudis Michael , Carrio-Cordo Paula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cancers are heterogeneous diseases with unifying features of abnormal and consuming cell growth, where the deregulation of normal cellular functions is initiated by the accumulation of genomic mutations in cells of - potentially - any organ. At diagnosis malignancies typically present with patterns of somatic genome variants on diverse levels of heterogeneity. Among the different types of genomic alterations, copy number variants (CNV) represent a distinct, near-ubiquitous class of structural variants.
Cancer classifications are foundational for patient care and oncology research. Terminologies such as the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIt) provide large sets of hierarchical cancer classification vocabularies and promote data interoperability and ontology-driven computational analysis. To find out how categorical classifications correspond to genomic observations, we conducted a meta-analysis of inter-sample genomic heterogeneity for classification hierarchies on CNV profiles from 97,142 individual samples across 512 cancer entities, and evaluated recurring CNV signatures across diagnostic subsets. Our results highlight specific biological mechanisms across cancer entities with the potential for improvement of patient stratification and future enhancement of cancer classification systems and provide some indications for cooperative genomic events across distinct clinical entities.
Numerical Approximation of the 3rd Order Pseudo-Parabolic Equation Using Collocation Technique
Authors: Dhiman Neeraj , Tamsir Mohammad , Aldwoah Khaled A. , Almalahi Mohammed A. , Adel Waleed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study aims to numerically approximate the solution of third-order pseudo-parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs), which exhibit both parabolic and hyperbolic characteristics. To achieve this, the cubic trigonometric tension B-spline collocation technique is employed for spatial discretization, while the finite difference method (FDM) is used for time discretization. The precision and consistency of the proposed numerical method are analyzed through the approximation of two illustrative examples, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability. A stability analysis, conducted using the von Neumann method, confirms that the method is unconditionally stable. The results show that the method effectively manages large-scale problems, with the numerical solution remaining bounded over time for the considered equations.
Development of efficient compositions of hydrophobic materials resistant to chemical and biological environments
Authors: Bazhenova S. I. , Al-Dulaimi Salman , Stepina I. V. , Erofeeva I. V. , Afonin Victor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Implementing waterproofing measures is highly imperative in building structures that come into touch with the ground and are subject to severe or corrosive conditions. Applying surface waterproofing to the base material, predominantly composed of dense concrete, is a highly effective approach for protecting underground structures from moisture and damage resulting from groundwater containing contaminating contaminants. The integrity of each component of the insulation system and its interaction with the base material are essential factors in ensuring its long-lasting performance. This study aims to improve the compositions of concrete or brick structures that come into touch with the ground by employing a hydraulically modified binder and finely ground construction waste fillers. This optimization is intended to boost waterproofing and repair capabilities. Furthermore, this study aims to examine the characteristics and develop a systematic approach for determining the suitable composition for a waterproofing system of this nature. The study focuses on a methodology for evaluating the adhesive strength of a waterproofing coating by measuring the physical force necessary to remove the insulating layer. This paper elucidates the theoretical prerequisites that enhance the adhesive adhesion between the base and the waterproof sealing layer. A conceptual framework has been developed to explain the correlation between the adhesive strength of the waterproofing material, the modified binder's composition, and the base surface's moisture content. The efficacy of this model has been validated by empirical testing. A comprehensive assessment has been undertaken to examine the impact of base surface roughness and crack presence on the efficacy of the waterproofing coating. The values of the factors delineating the optimal strength characteristics have been definitively established. This study investigates the roles of the optimized parameters through the application of global optimization techniques. This study employed statistical and analytical approaches to analyze the experimental data. Based on the results obtained from both computational analysis and experimental validation, the composition of the waterproofing material has been determined to possess an adhesive strength of 3.8 MPa and a waterproofing layer strength ranging from 36 to 37 MPa. The primary constituents needed for this product consist of 3.9% acrylic resin, 80 kg/m3 of finely crushed concrete debris, and a plasticizer ranging from 0.38 to 0.39%. It is recommended that these components be put onto a base surface that possesses an ideal moisture content ranging from 9.7–9.8%.
Enhancing Temperature Control of Electric Furnaces Using a Modified Pid Controller Design Strategy
Authors: Idir A. , Zemmit A. , Akroum H. , Nesri M. , Guedida S. , Canale L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of a modified Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategy, named the Fractionalized PID (FrOPID), to enhance the transient and frequency responses, as well as the robustness of temperature control in electric furnaces. The FrOPID controller introduced in this study is being used for the first time to control electric furnace temperature. The FrOPID controller is an extension of the traditional PID controller, requiring the adjustment of four parameters compared to the three parameters of the traditional PID controller. The effectiveness of the proposed FrOPID approach was validated through extensive analysis of transient and frequency responses, as well as robustness analysis. The performance of the proposed HHO/FrOPID controller was then benchmarked against several other controllers, including the PID controller optimized by the original Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm, and those tuned using advanced meta-heuristic algorithms such as the Harris Hawks Optimization-based PID (HHO/PID), Modified Electric Eel Foraging Optimization-based PID (MEEFO/PID), Electric Eel Foraging Optimization-based PID (EEFO/PID), and Whale Optimization Algorithm-based PID (WOA/PID). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HHO/FrOPID controller outperforms other existing controllers, offering superior and more robust performance in terms of percentage overshoot, settling time, rise time, and peak time.
AMP: Multi-task Transfer Learning via Leveraging Attention Mechanism on Task Embeddings
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Wang Keru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The attention mechanism has been successfully used in a sequence consisted of a series of word embeddings to improve the representation of the sequence. Inspired by this, we leverage the attention mechanism on a set of tasks to implement a multi-task transfer learning method called AMP. First, we encode a task into a prompt as task representation called task embedding. Second, we learn an attention component on all task embeddings to generate a combined prompt for each taskwhich is an attention-weighted sum of task embeddings. Each combined prompt incorporates the knowledge of all other tasks. The word embedding is a vector, but the task embedding is a 2D matrix. The attention mechanism can be exploited on a set of vectors rather than on a set of matrices. The prior methods employ pooling or flattened method to transform the matrix to the vector for computing the attentions between matrices. We propose a method called DAM which can compute attentions between matrices directly without transforming. DAM method can more exactly compute the attentions between matrices. Wide experiments demonstrate that AMP outperforms prompt-tuning method and prior prompt transfer methods.
Hadoop-Oriented SVM-LRU (H-SVM-LRU): An Intelligent Cache Replacement Algorithm to Improve MapReduce Performance
Authors: Ghazali Rana , Adabi Sahar , Rezaee Ali , Down Douglas G. , Movaghar Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Modern applications can generate a large amount of data from different sources with high velocity, a combination that is difficult to store and process via traditional tools. Hadoop is one framework that is used for the parallel processing of a large amount of data in a distributed environment, however, various challenges can lead to poor performance. Two particular issues that can limit performance are the high access time for I/O operations and the recomputation of intermediate data. The combination of these two issues can result in resource wastage. In recent years, there have been attempts to overcome these problems by using caching mechanisms. Due to cache space limitations, it is crucial to use this space efficiently and avoid cache pollution (the cache contains data that is not used in the future). We propose Hadoop-oriented SVM-LRU (H-SVM-LRU) to improve Hadoop performance. For this purpose, we use an intelligent cache replacement algorithm, SVM-LRU, that combines the well-known LRU mechanism with a machine learning algorithm, SVM, to classify cached data into two groups based on their future usage. Experimental results show a significant decrease in execution time as a result of an increased cache hit ratio, leading to a positive impact on Hadoop performance.
Monitoring and Simulation of Bridge Pier Scour and Deposition Processes in Flood Events
Authors: Lee Fong-Zuo , Lai Jihn-Sung , Lin Yung-Bin , Chang Kuo-Chun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Bridge failure caused by flood-induced scour around piers remains the primary threat to traffic disruption and life losses. Real-time monitoring of scour variations is crucial to avoid bridge failure. The scour monitoring system is developed and implemented in the field, consisting of vibration-based micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) arrayed sensors with the water level and flow velocity measuring instruments. The scour monitoring system records scour and deposition depth varying with time at the bridge piers during flood events. A numerical simulation module combining one-dimensional and two-dimensional mobile-bed hydrodynamic models is established to calculate scour and deposition depths based on field hydrological conditions. The field-measured data obtained from the real-time scour monitoring system are employed for model validation. According to the complexity of hydraulic sediment transport mechanisms around the pier, several local scour formulas are evaluated to verify their applicability. Using field-measured scour data, a suitable local scour formula for the Mingchu Bridge in the Cho-Shui River is developed. The real-time scour monitoring system coping with the numerical simulation module developed in this study can provide accurate information on scour and deposition processes at the bridge pier, which is helpful for decision-makers to assess the risk of bridge damage and the timing of bridge closure. Finally, the proposed bridge safety curve, as a determinate relationship between scoured bed level and discharge, has been established to assist bridge managers in making rational decisions on bridge closures during typhoon seasons.
Fungus Fighters: Wood Ants (Formica polyctena) and Their Associated Microbes Inhibit Plant-Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Jensen Ida Cecilie , Schramm Andreas , Offenberg Joachim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Plant diseases cost the global economy billions of US dollars every year. The problem has mainly been addressed by using chemical pesticides, but recently, the use of ants has shown promising effects against plant pathogens. However, the mechanisms accounting for these effects have not yet been determined. One possible explanation is antimicrobial microorganisms associated with ants. Through controlled laboratory experiments, we investigated the inhibitory effects of wood ants (Formica polyctena) and their associated microorganisms against economically important plant pathogenic fungi. Both live ants, extracts from crushed ants, and extracts from washed ants significantly inhibited apple brown rot (Monilinia fructigena) while yielding growth of other microbes. Furthermore, all investigated wood ants transferred microorganisms to their surroundings within 10 seconds when walking across a surface. We isolated the most dominant microorganisms deposited by walking ants and from washed ant extracts (i.e., strains likely found on the surface of ants), resulting in four bacterial cultures and one yeast. Two of these isolates, strain I3 (most closely related to Pseudomonas sichuanensis and P. entomophila) and strain I1b (most closely related to Bacillus mycoides), showed inhibitory effects against apple brown rot and apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), while strain I3 also inhibited grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) and Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum). These results suggest that wood ants have potential as biological control agents against commercially relevant plant pathogens, and that their inhibitory effect might be at least partially caused by antibiotic compounds produced by their associated microorganisms.