bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety climate, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction among Brazilian paediatric professional nurses
Authors: Alves D.F.S. , Guirardello E.B. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundInternational studies indicate that job satisfaction and burnout interfere with the safety climate and quality of care. However, no evidence of such relationships is available for Brazilian paediatric hospitals.AimsTo assess the correlation and predictive effect of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction on the perception of professional nurses at paediatric hospitals regarding safety climate and quality of care.DesignCross‐sectional correlational design.MethodsThe study was conducted with registered nurses, technician and assistant nurses from two Brazilian paediatric hospitals over 3 months in 2013–2014 using instruments to assess safety climate, quality of care, job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion.ResultsData related to 267 professional nurses from 15 inpatient wards and 3 intensive care units were analysed. Overall, the respondents exhibited moderate emotional exhaustion, were satisfied with their jobs and considered the quality of care as good. However, the respondents exhibited low concordance as to the positive perception of the safety climate. The variables, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction, exhibited significant correlations with safety climate and were considered predictive of the latter.ConclusionEmotional exhaustion and job satisfaction among professional nurses influence the safety climate at paediatric hospitals.Implications for nursing or health policyInvestments to reduce emotional exhaustion and to improve job satisfaction among professional nurses allocated to paediatric hospitals might contribute to the patients' safety.
Effect of Oxygen Vacancy on Electrical Property of Acceptor Doped BaTiO3–Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–Nb2O5 X8R Systems
Authors: Sun Yue , Liu Hanxing , Hao Hua , Zhang Shujun 
Published: June 2016

In this study, we reported a new BaTiO3–Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–Nb2O5–Mn2O3/Fe2O3/Co3O4/In2O3 X8R system with high dielectric constant (>2100) at room temperature. The impacts of oxygen vacancy ( ) on dielectric, electrical conductivity, and ferroelectric properties were systematically studied. The Curie point is largely depended on the concentration, which can be confirmed by the dielectric behavior and A1g octahedral breathing modes in Raman spectrum. In addition, the activation energy of diffusion is greatly reduced with the increase in concentration. It was found that the remnant polarization and coercive field were both decreased with increasing concentration, due to the facilitated defect dipoles reorientation and domain switching.
Effect of Finishing and Polishing on the Surface Roughness of Four Ceramic Materials after Occlusal Adjustment
Authors: Amaya‐Pajares Silvia P. , Ritter Andre V. , Vera Resendiz Carolina , Henson Brett R. , Culp Lee , Donovan Terence E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProblemIntraoral occlusal adjustment of ceramic restorations can create a significant increase in surface roughness that can produce wear of the opposing dentition.PurposeTo compare the surface roughness of glazed and polished monolithic ceramics with the surface roughness produced by different intraoral polishing systems on adjusted monolithic ceramics.Materials and MethodsMilled ceramic discs (10 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) were manufactured and distributed according to the following groups (n = 10): BruxZir (glazed and polished), Zenostar (glazed and polished), IPS Empress CAD, and IPS e.max CAD. Surface roughness, expressed as arithmetic average height (Ra), was measured using atomic force microscope and profilometer before and after adjustment and polishing with the following intraoral polishing systems: BruxZir and Dialite ZR (for BruxZir), Zenostar and Dialite ZR (for Zenostar), and OptraFine and Dialite LD for IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD. Mean and standard error for each material and polishing system were calculated. T‐test, one‐way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to analyze data.ResultsBruxZir zirconia presented smoother surfaces with Dialite ZR system compared to BruxZir system, Zenostar zirconia shown smoother surfaces with Zenostar system compared to Dialite ZR system and IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD presented smoother surfaces with OptraFine system in comparison to Dialite LD system.ConclusionAll materials presented smoother surfaces at baseline than after adjustment and polishing.Clinical SignificanceThis paper reveals the results of an in vitro study that provides information to clinicians regarding which intraoral polishing system will produce a smoother surface after the adjustment and polishing of IPS Empress CAD, IPS e.max CAD, BruxZir and Zenostar ceramic materials. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:382–396, 2016)
Tumor testing to identify lynch syndrome in two Australian colorectal cancer cohorts
Authors: Buchanan Daniel D , Clendenning Mark , Rosty Christophe , Eriksen Stine V , Walsh Michael D , Walters Rhiannon J , Thibodeau Stephen N , Stewart Jenna , Preston Susan , Win Aung Ko , Flander Louisa , Ait Ouakrim Driss , Macrae Finlay A , Boussioutas Alex , Winship Ingrid M , Giles Graham G , Hopper John L , Southey Melissa C , English Dallas , Jenkins Mark A ,   on behalf of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry Cohort investigators
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimTumor testing of colorectal cancers (CRC) for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is an effective approach to identify carriers of germline MMR gene mutation (Lynch syndrome). The aim of this study was to identify MMR gene mutation carriers in two cohorts of population‐based CRC utilizing a combination of tumor and germline testing approaches.MethodsColorectal cancers from 813 patients diagnosed with CRC < 60 years of age from the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (ACCFR) and from 826 patients from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) were tested for MMR protein expression using immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability (MSI), BRAFV600E somatic mutation, and for MLH1 methylation. MMR gene mutation testing (Sanger sequencing and Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification) was performed on germline DNA of patients with MMR‐deficient tumors and a subset of MMR‐proficient CRCs.ResultsOf the 813 ACCFR probands, 90 probands demonstrated tumor MMR deficiency (11.1%), and 42 had a MMR gene germline mutation (5.2%). For the MCCS, MMR deficiency was identified in the tumors of 103 probands (12.5%) and seven had a germline mutation (0.8%). All the mutation carriers were diagnosed prior to 70 years of age. Probands with a MMR‐deficient CRC without MLH1 methylation and a gene mutation were considered Lynch‐like and comprised 41.1% and 25.2% of the MMR‐deficient CRCs for the ACCFR and MCCS, respectively.ConclusionsIdentification of MMR gene mutation carriers in Australian CRC‐affected patients is optimized by immunohistochemistry screening of CRC diagnosed before 70 years of age. A significant proportion of MMR‐deficient CRCs will have unknown etiology (Lynch‐like) proving problematic for clinical management.
British Dietetic Association systematic review of systematic reviews and evidence‐based practice guidelines for the use of probiotics in the management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update)
Authors: McKenzie Y. A. , Thompson J. , Gulia P. , Lomer M. C. E. ,   (IBS Dietetic Guideline Review Group on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association)
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundProbiotics are often taken by individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which products are effective is unclear, despite an increasing research base. This project will systematically review which strain‐ and dose‐ specific probiotics can be recommended to adults with IBS to improve symptoms and quality of life (QoL). It is part of a broader systematic review to update British Dietetic Association guidelines for the dietary management of IBS in adults.MethodsCINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for systematic reviews (SRs) of randomised controlled trial (RCT)s recruiting adults with IBS comparing probiotic intervention with placebo. AMSTAR, risk of bias and diet bias tools were used to appraise methodological quality. Symptom and QoL data were appraised to develop probiotic‐specific evidence statements on clinically meaningful and marginal outcomes in various settings, graded clinical practice recommendations and practical considerations.ResultsNine systematic reviews and 35 RCTs were included (3406 participants) using 29 dose‐specific probiotic formulations. None of the RCTs were at low risk of bias. Twelve out of 29 probiotics (41%) showed no symptom or QoL benefits. Evidence indicated that no strain or dose specific probiotic was consistently effective to improve any IBS symptoms or QoL. Two general clinical practice recommendations were made.ConclusionsSymptom outcomes for dose‐specific probiotics were heterogeneous. Specific probiotic recommendations for IBS management in adults were not possible at this time. More data from high‐quality RCTs treating specific symptom profiles are needed to support probiotic therapy in the management of IBS.
The transplant team's support of kidney transplant recipients to take their prescribed medications: a collective responsibility
Authors: Williams Allison , Low Jac Kee , Manias Elizabeth , Crawford Kimberley 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo obtain an understanding of how health professionals support the kidney transplant patient to take their medications as prescribed long term.BackgroundKidney transplantation requires stringent adherence to complex medication regimens to prevent graft rejection and to maintain general well‐being. Medication nonadherence is common in kidney transplantation, emerging in the first few months post‐transplantation, leading to poor patient outcomes.DesignExploratory qualitative design.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted with a total of seven renal nurse transplant coordinators, two renal transplant nurse unit managers, seven nephrologists, seven pharmacists, four social workers, and one consumer representative representing all five hospitals offering adult kidney transplantation in Victoria, Australia in 2014. The views of two general practitioners who were unable to attend the focus groups were incorporated into the data set. All data underwent thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis revealed that adherence was a collective responsibility involving the whole of the transplant team and the patient via education blitz in hospital, identifying and managing nonadherence, promotion of self‐advocacy, and the partnership between the patient and health professional. Patients were directed how to take their complex medications to be self‐empowered, yet the partnership between the patient and health professional limited the patient's voice.ConclusionAlthough medication adherence was a collective responsibility, communication was often one‐way chiefly as a result of staffing and time constraints, hindering effective partnerships necessary for medication adherence. Expert skills in communication and adherence counselling are necessary to identify barriers affecting medication adherence. Patients need to be systematically screened, prepared and supported long‐term within an accommodating healthcare system for the reality of caring for their transplanted kidney.Relevance to clinical practiceKidney transplant recipients require systematic preparation and quality long‐term follow‐up to adhere to their prescribed medications.
Factors influencing a nurse's decision to question medication administration in a neonatal clinical care unit
Authors: Aydon Laurene , Hauck Yvonne , Zimmer Margo , Murdoch Jamee 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to identify factors that influence nurse's decisions to question concerning aspects of medication administration within the context of a neonatal clinical care unit.BackgroundMedication error in the neonatal setting can be high with this particularly vulnerable population. As the care giver responsible for medication administration, nurses are deemed accountable for most errors. However, they are recognised as the forefront of prevention. Minimal evidence is available around reasoning, decision making and questioning around medication administration. Therefore, this study focuses upon addressing the gap in knowledge around what nurses believe influences their decision to question.DesignA critical incident design was employed where nurses were asked to describe clinical incidents around their decision to question a medication issue. Nurses were recruited from a neonatal clinical care unit and participated in an individual digitally recorded interview.ResultsOne hundred and three nurses participated between December 2013–August 2014. Use of the constant comparative method revealed commonalities within transcripts. Thirty‐six categories were grouped into three major themes: ‘Working environment’, ‘Doing the right thing’ and ‘Knowledge about medications’.ConclusionsFindings highlight factors that influence nurses’ decision to question issues around medication administration. Nurses feel it is their responsibility to do the right thing and speak up for their vulnerable patients to enhance patient safety. Negative dimensions within the themes will inform planning of educational strategies to improve patient safety, whereas positive dimensions must be reinforced within the multidisciplinary team.Relevance to clinical practiceThe working environment must support nurses to question and ultimately provide safe patient care. Clear and up to date policies, formal and informal education, role modelling by senior nurses, effective use of communication skills and a team approach can facilitate nurses to appropriately question aspects around medication administration.
Staff perceptions of barriers to physical restraint‐reduction in long‐term care: a meta‐synthesis
Authors: Kong Eun‐Hi , Choi Heeseung , Evans Lois K 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo critically review the existing qualitative studies to identify, from the perspective of staff, the barriers to physical restraint reduction in long‐term geriatric care facilities.BackgroundDespite the adverse physical and psychosocial effects, physical restraints are still used frequently in many geriatric long‐term care facilities around the world. There is, however, no study that synthesises the existing qualitative literature regarding the barriers to the restraint reduction from the perspective of facility staff.Design/MethodsThe metastudy research process guided this qualitative synthesis. Five electronic databases were searched, and ten studies were included in this metastudy.ResultsFive themes were identified through metasynthesis of the findings: concern about and responsibility for safety, unclear and inconsistent definitions of restraint and restraint‐free care, difficulties in the transition from acceptance to removal, noninvolvement in decision‐making to remove restraint and insufficient resources and education.ConclusionA concept analysis of physical restraint is sorely needed, and future studies should explore the prevalence of restraint, the effects of education for staff and family on restraint reduction, and success stories related to restraint‐free care. More research is needed regarding the restraint reduction effectiveness and cost issues.Relevance to clinical practicePhysical restraints, commonly used in many geriatric long‐term care facilities, result in many negative effects and ethical issues. To achieve success in reducing physical restraint use, governmental policies and long‐term care institutions should underpin staff efforts with legal, educational and practical support.
The relationship between breastfeeding self‐efficacy and LATCH scores and affecting factors
Authors: Gerçek Emine , Sarıkaya Karabudak Seher , Ardıç Çelik Nigar , Saruhan Aynur 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study investigates the relationship between breastfeeding self‐efficacy and LATCH scores and affecting factors in Turkish mothers.BackgroundThe benefits of breastfeeding for newborns and mothers are well documented. Type of birth, maternal and neonatal complications; lack of support from healthcare professionals during breastfeeding, hospital routines, time and duration of mother–newborn attachment; and insufficiency of husband and family support are the most significant factors affecting breastfeeding initiation and mothers’ breastfeeding self‐efficacy in early postpartum period. Therefore, it is important to determine how all these factors affect breastfeeding.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional, descriptive study.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of 303 postpartum women who were recruited at the obstetrics clinic of maternity hospital in one of the three largest city of Turkey. The data were obtained using Personal Identification Form, Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Short Form and LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool to determine breastfeeding success. The mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, correlation analysis and Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis were used in data collection.ResultsThe main finding of the study was a weak positive correlation between average LATCH scores and average Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Short Form scores of women in the postpartum period. The women becoming pregnant four times or more got significantly higher average Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Short Form and average LATCH scores, and the women married for 11 years or longer and the mothers starting to breastfeed their babies within 30 minutes of their birth got significantly higher average LATCH scores.ConclusionsThe results of the present research affirm the beneficial role of high self‐efficacy in successful breastfeeding.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is of great importance that midwives and obstetric nurses routinely evaluate breastfeeding self‐efficacy and the capability of breastfeeding for early detection of problems related to breastfeeding.
Clinical nurses’ knowledge and practice of venous thromboembolism risk assessment and prevention in South Korea: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Oh Hyunjin , Boo Sunjoo , Lee Jung‐Ah 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine Korean registered nurses’ level of perceived knowledge and practice of venous thromboembolism risk assessment as well as prevention, self‐efficacy in venous thromboembolism care and actual knowledge of venous thromboembolism.BackgroundFor hospitalised patients, venous thromboembolism is a preventable clinical disorder. Caring for venous thromboembolism patients requires coordination across multiple providers and settings. Clinical nurses can play a major role in improving venous thromboembolism prevention care, assessing venous thromboembolism risks and providing appropriate prophylactic measures to those who are at risk for venous thromboembolism.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsAnonymous paper‐based surveys were conducted for a convenience sample of registered nurses’ (n = 452) from two university‐affiliated hospitals in South Korea.ResultsThe majority of participants indicated that their overall self‐rated venous thromboembolism knowledge was ‘fair’, while only 2·4% rated it as ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’. The overall mean score of the venous thromboembolism knowledge questions was 50·9 (±13·0) of a possible score of 100. The mean score of self‐efficacy in practising venous thromboembolism prevention/prophylaxis was 3·0 (based on a one to five Likert scale). The self‐reported venous thromboembolism assessment performance on patients varied among clinical units. Only 9·3% of participants reported having received in‐service venous thromboembolism education from their hospital.ConclusionsThe findings showed that overall venous thromboembolism knowledge and self‐efficacy in venous thromboembolism prevention practices of Korean registered nurses’ were not highly rated. Korean nurses demonstrated a lack of knowledge about venous thromboembolism, particularly in the areas of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis measures and venous thromboembolism diagnosis methods.Relevance to clinical practiceFocused education on venous thromboembolism prevention and risk assessment should be considered a component of continuing education for Korean nurses.
Dental insurance and dental care among working‐age adults: differences by type and complexity of disability
Authors: Horner‐Johnson Willi , Dobbertin Konrad 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesPeople with disabilities experience barriers to dental care, which may vary depending on type of disability and disability complexity (e.g., impact on activities of daily living). The purpose of this study was to examine differences in dental insurance, receipt of dental checkups, and delayed and unmet needs for dental care by type and complexity of disability.MethodsWe conducted cross‐sectional analysis of 2002–2011 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analyses compared adults ages 18–64 in five disability type groups (physical, cognitive, vision, hearing, or multiple disabilities) to those with no disabilities, and compared people with complex activity limitations to those without complex limitations.ResultsAll disability types except hearing had significantly higher adjusted odds of being without dental insurance, as did people with complex activity limitations. All disability groups except those with cognitive disabilities had increased odds of receiving dental checkups less than once a year. Similarly, all disability groups were at increased risk of both delayed and unmet needs for dental care. Odds ratios were generally highest for people with multiple types of disabilities.ConclusionsThere are significant disparities in having dental insurance and receiving dental care for adults with disabilities, especially those with multiple types of disabilities, after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic differences. Further, disparities in care were apparent even when controlling for presence of dental insurance.
Oral pharmacokinetics and in-vitro metabolism of metyrapone in male rats
Authors: Murata Hideyuki , Higuchi Toshiyuki , Otagiri Masaki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a single oral administration of metyrapone (MP) and metabolites produced from it in male Wistar rats, and the major tissues and enzymes involved in the production of the MP metabolites. Furthermore, the MP metabolism in human liver subcellular fractions was compared with that in rats.

Methods
High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used to determine the concentrations of MP and its metabolites in plasma and urine after administration, and the production activity of MP metabolites in subcellular fractions of various tissues.

Key findings
Plasma concentration of MP was rapidly increased and decreased, and the primary metabolite, metyrapol (MPOL), was immediately produced. The production activity of MPOL was substantially inhibited by an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor in the rat and human liver microsomal and mitochondrial fractions. In the liver cytosolic fraction, the activity was inhibited by a carbonyl reductase inhibitor in the humans but not rats.

Conclusions
In this study, we elucidated the plasma pharmacokinetics of MP and its metabolites in male rats after an oral administration. MPOL is most likely to be produced by 11β-HSD1 in the male rats and humans.