bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Studies in Huntington's Disease: Music Therapy Assessment and Treatment in the Early to Advanced Stages
Authors: Magee Wendy 
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this paper is to describe the different stages of Huntington's Disease (HD) and to present methods of music therapy assessment and treatment specifically related to the varying levels of abilities seen in the early to advanced stages of this illness. Whilst these methods are described here in relation to HD, they are also useful when working with clients with other forms of cognitive or neurological impairment. Music therapy, unlike other treatments, provides an active outlet for a person living with HD even during the most advanced stages of the illness. Participation in music therapy can be facilitated for those people who are unable to take part in any other form of activity, thus providing a valuable assessment tool for other disciplines working with the HD client. This paper will present a progressive picture of life for the HD client. Using case studies, it will suggest different music therapy treatment approaches for the varying stages of the illness. Special consideration will be given to assessment when working with clients experiencing cognitive degeneration, and methods for optimising clients' remaining skills within individual and group settings.
Is Music an Archaic Form of Thinking?
Authors: Lehtonen Kimmo 
Published: January 2016

The central idea of this article is based on the assumption that there is a close parallel between the forms of music and ‘archaic’ forms of thinking. The article discusses the Piagetian developmental model of assimilation and accommodation processes and their resemblance to the increasing and decreasing inner tensions caused by music. At the most general, pervasive level, music can be viewed as being parallel to bodily experienced, non-verbal forms of meaning, and, as such, may be described as ‘archaic thinking’. This dimension of musical experience is common to all known cultures, and it is similar to the body schemas and ‘bodily forms of thinking’ of an infant. Forms of ‘archaic thinking’ as a hierarchy are also discussed. Theories concerning the different developmental phases of thinking are considered. The cognitive and psychoanalytical theories of Eva Basch-Kahre shed new light on the phenomenon of music, as do the infant developmental research and writings of Daniel Stern. Basch-Kahre distinguishes different forms of thinking according to the different developmental stages of the individual, e.g. chaotic, emotional-sensomotoric and operational thinking processes. Stern considers developmental stages of the infant in an interpersonal dimension, the dynamic processes of which manifest ‘musically’, or in ‘musical’ forms. This author's thesis is that, by using music and musical symbols in the therapeutic situation, for example, it is possible to meet and address all these developmental stages within the individual.
‘Kinesis und Katharsis’: The African Traditional Concept of Sound/Motion (Music): Its Application in, and Implications for, Music Therapy — Part III
Authors: Mereni Anthony-Ekemezie 
Published: January 2016

This paper falls into three broad sections, the first two of which were published in BJMT 10:1 (1996). The first section provided a brief introduction to the African philosophy of music and musical instruments and explored the reasons behind the therapeutic powers attributed to music; the second section considered the traditional African causal theory of ailments and the relevance of the different uses of music in almost all traditional medical interventions in African society. This third and final section is an attempt to draw up an evaluative paradigm of some traditional music therapeutic practices and techniques in the light of modern music therapy. Mention is made of several traditional music therapy practices but, overall, the paper does not have an anthropological bias. This paper is a partial report of current research into traditional African music therapy and is motivated by the author's interest in identifying those aspects of African music therapy which may have correlations in Western music therapy methodology and practice.
Music Therapy with Adults Who Have Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke
Authors: Purdie Heather 
Published: January 2016

Following an overview of the epidemiology and clinical features of traumatic brain injury and stroke, standard rehabilitation programmes are discussed, with consideration of the therapeutic aims and outcomes of these interventions. The physical, cognitive, communicative, social and psychological consequences of neurological impairment are explained, and the role of music therapy in rehabilitation programmes is introduced. A review of the literature on music therapy and TBI and stroke from 1983–96 includes details of more recent developments and research in Europe and the United States of America. Models of intervention are discussed, such as rhythmic re-training of upper limb movements and gait; treatment of aphasia; and the treatment of the psychosocial effects of TBI and stroke. Links with theoretical frameworks such as environmental enrichment are considered. The model of intervention for TBI and stroke developed recently in Scotland is discussed in detail. The value of improvisation in enhancing self-esteem and achievable outcomes is emphasised, as well as the importance of using familiar music to enhance reminiscence and motivation in people with intact musical memories. Case studies will demonstrate how a model of intervention has emerged. Research with people with stroke, recently completed in Scotland, is summarised, and future directions for music therapy provision and research in the UK discussed.
Communication, Heart Rate and the Musical Dialogue
Authors: Neugebauer Lutz , Aldridge David 
Published: January 2016

This article is concerned with a physiological investigation into what happens when two people play music together in a situation that is similar to that of music therapy. Active music therapy is a process of dialogue, with both therapist and patient as part of one musical process. In evaluations of music therapy the musical process is often emphasised, although the question remains as to what effect this musical process has on the body of the patient. In this paper we take this question one step further by asking what effect the musical process has on both partners in the process of playing improvised music. Such a perspective is not trivial. We expect that the therapeutic contact influences both therapist and patient. At the end of this paper we will hypothesise about the ramifications of this idea for other clinical encounters. It is important, in explaining the benefit of music therapy to others, to know what happens when people improvise music together. Our intention is to be able to demonstrate the influence music therapy has on the physiology of the patient and the therapist. This is to accept not only the ramifications music has for mental well-being but also the physical effect that music therapy has on the patient's body. While music can be demonstrated to have a direct physical effect on the body, it is organisation, the non-material aspect, that is vital to communication both within the person and between persons (Aldridge 1996a). However, the ground from which we will argue is that music has the ability to bring about physical changes in the human body, an understanding that has been in our culture since antiquity (Aldridge 1993).
Music Therapy in Acute Psychiatry: Our Experience of Working as Co-Therapists with a Group for Patients from Two Neighbouring Wards
Authors: Davies Alison , Richards Eleanor 
Published: January 2016

This paper is an account of our work at Fulbourn Hospital, a psychiatric hospital in Cambridge, running an open group once a week for a year, and of our experience of working as co-therapists. To a lesser extent, we also draw on our experience as music therapists in other settings. We have a particular interest in co-therapy. It is unusual in music therapy, in this country at least, for two music therapists to work together; it is a little more frequent in group analysis, and much of our thinking draws on that tradition. We will look at some examples of clinical material and consider the potential value of running a group of this kind. We will also examine the relationship of the group with the institution, particularly in its more recent history, as well as the dynamics of our continuing relationship as co-therapists. At times throughout the paper we refer to ourselves by our initials: A (Alison) and E (Eleanor).
In-vivo three-dimensional measurement of distal radioulnar joint translation in normal and clinically unstable populations
Authors: Pickering G. T. , Nagata H. , Giddins G. E. B. 
Published: January 2016

Assessment of distal radioulnar joint instability is clinically difficult and subjective. The distal radioulnar joint is postulated to ‘tighten’ in ulnar/radial deviation and pronation/supination. Using a rig, we measured mean distal radioulnar joint translation in neutral forearm rotation and neutral wrist radial and ulnar deviation, as well as extremes of wrist radial and ulnar deviation and forearm rotation. We tested the rig on ten cadaver forearms to validate the measurements we made. We tested 50 normal adults and 50 patients with clinical distal radioulnar joint instability. Distal radioulnar joint stability in men and women and on contralateral sides were comparable. Distal radioulnar joint translation decreased significantly with wrist radial and ulnar deviation and forearm pronation and supination, matching clinical practice and further validating the rig. The data in normal patients is comparable with previous computed tomography-based studies. Translation in all positions was statistically increased within the clinical instability group and did not cross-over with the normal ranges. Distal radioulnar joint translation is a physically measurable phenomenon. Our device appears to be a valid test of distal radioulnar joint translation, establishing normal data in vivo. Level of Evidence: III
The Efficacy of a Brief Nature Sound Intervention on Muscle Tension, Pulse Rate, and Self-Reported Stress
Authors: Largo-Wight Erin , O’Hara Brian K. , Chen W. William 
Published: January 2016

Background: There is a growing recognition that environmental design impacts health and well-being. Nature contact is a design feature or exposure that is especially important in public health and healthcare. To date, there are limited findings on the impact of nature sounds. Objective: This experimental study was designed to examine the effect of nature sounds on physiological and psychological stress. Methods: Participants were randomized into one of three groups—silence ( n = 9), nature sound ( n = 17), and classical music ( n = 14)—and listened to the assigned sound for 15 min in an office or waiting room-like environment. Pre- and postdata were collected including muscle tension (electromyogram), pulse rate, and self-reported stress. Results: With the exception of pulse rate, there were no statistical differences in baseline or demographics among groups. A paired t-test by group showed a decrease in muscle tension, pulse rate, and self-reported stress in the nature group and no significant differences in the control or the classical music groups. The significant reduction in muscle tension occurred at least by 7 min of listening to the nature sound. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential benefit of even very brief (less than 7 min) exposure to nature sounds. Brief nature sound “booster breaks” are a promising area for future research with important practical implications.
Anatomic and Biomechanical Comparison of Traditional Bankart Repair With Bone Tunnels and Bankart Repair Utilizing Suture Anchors
Authors: Judson Christopher H. , Charette Ryan , Cavanaugh Zachary , Shea Kevin P. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Traditional Bankart repair using bone tunnels has a reported failure rate between 0% and 5% in long-term studies. Arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors has become more popular; however, reported failure rates have been cited between 4% and 18%. There have been no satisfactory explanations for the differences in these outcomes. Hypothesis: Bone tunnels will provide increased coverage of the native labral footprint and demonstrate greater load to failure and stiffness and decreased cyclic displacement in biomechanical testing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-two fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used. For footprint analysis, the labral footprint area was marked and measured using a Microscribe technique in 6 specimens. A 3-suture anchor repair was performed, and the area of the uncovered footprint was measured. This was repeated with traditional bone tunnel repair. For the biomechanical analysis, 8 paired specimens were randomly assigned to bone tunnel or suture anchor repair with the contralateral specimen assigned to the other technique. Each specimen underwent cyclic loading (5-25 N, 1 Hz, 100 cycles) and load to failure (15 mm/min). Displacement was measured using a digitized video recording system. Results: Bankart repair with bone tunnels provided significantly more coverage of the native labral footprint than repair with suture anchors (100% vs 27%, P < .001). Repair with bone tunnels (21.9 ± 8.7 N/mm) showed significantly greater stiffness than suture anchor repair (17.1 ± 3.5 N/mm, P = .032). Mean load to failure and gap formation after cyclic loading were not statistically different between bone tunnel (259 ± 76.8 N, 0.209 ± 0.064 mm) and suture anchor repairs (221.5 ± 59.0 N [ P = .071], 0.161 ± 0.51 mm [ P = .100]). Conclusion: Bankart repair with bone tunnels completely covered the footprint anatomy while suture anchor repair covered less than 30% of the native footprint. Repair using bone tunnels resulted in significantly greater stiffness than repair with suture anchors. Load to failure and gap formation were not significantly different.
Diary of a Country Missioner—Manchuria, 1940
Authors: MacInnis Donald 
Published: January 2016

Thanks to the foresight of Maryknoll's founders, the archives contain an estimated 90,000 pages of diaries and related materials from the China missions, dating from 1918 through 1952. The excerpts printed here were selected from the diaries of Father John A. Fisher who was assigned in 1940 as pastor of the parish of Ch'iao T'ou (Chiaotou), a market town south of Mukden (Shenyang) in Manchuria. Father Fisher was also responsible for the outstation of Pen Hsi Hu (Benxihu), and all Catholic families in neighboring villages. In contrast to the Maryknoll Sisters who always lived and worked in community, he was, like most Maryknoll Fathers, the one missioner in his station, assisted by Chinese catechists. With thirty American priests and twenty-eight Sisters in 1940, Maryknoll served a territory in Manchuria of 40,000 square miles with a population of 2.5 million. Manchukuo (Manchuria) at that time was a frontier region under Japanese domination, only partially settled. Impoverished peasant families from China were migrating northward in search of livelihood. Father Fisher's diaries record their difficulties, some beggars, some poor farmers, and some who worked in the coal mines. While Father Fisher helped the poor and needy as he could, his main tasks were pastoral—celebrating Mass, administering the sacraments, visiting the homes of the sick, the elderly, the lapsed members, arranging dispensations for mixed marriages, organizing catechumenates for new Christians and reaching out to non-Christians. One entry describes a funeral Mass held in a rural home, the first Christian service ever held in that village or entire district. These diaries record both the special problems of his time and place, and the routine events of daily living. This was a time of inflation and rationing, a constant struggle to get flour, coal, and other necessities: Japan was at war with China. The church and rectory are prepared for winter, the stoves installed, coal laid in, storm doors mounted, and windows papered. An ironsmith makes basketball hoops. The pastor substitutes in the primary school when the teacher is sick, works in the vegetable garden, swims in the mountain streams, and plays basketball with the school-boys. This was a lonely life; he had one American visitor during the period of these diaries. It was a dangerous time and place. Gerard Donovan, a fellow Maryknoller in the same vicariate, had been kidnapped, held for ransom, and finally murdered by strangulation just two years earlier. As for the larger historical context, Father Fisher scarcely alludes to the heightened tensions that would bring his own country to war with Japan in just one more year, leading to arrest and imprisonment for all Americans in China. A single reference (October 11) reads: “News of the Americans being ordered to evacuate in all the newspapers today. Has the people wondering and a few of the local authorities more vigilant…. A load of materials arrived for building the hen-coop.”
Doctoral Dissertations on Mission: Ten-Year Update, 1982–1991
Authors: Smalley William A. 
Published: January 2016

Ten years ago the International Bulletin of Missionary Research published a directory of 934 doctoral dissertations on mission-related subjects at theological schools and universities in the United States and Canada. Almost four decades of research were covered, from 1945 through 1982. In this issue we are pleased to present another directory of 512 North American dissertations for the decade 1982–1991. The compiler of the directory and author of the article below is William A. Smalley, a friend and colleague of many years' standing. Now retired in Hamden, Connecticut, he is a near neighbor of the Overseas Ministries Study Center. For twenty-three years Dr. Smalley was a translation consultant with the United Bible Societies, serving primarily in Southeast Asia. During part of that period he also edited Practical Anthropology, and for a time he was principal of the Toronto Institute of Linguistics, which prepares missionary candidates for language and culture learning. Earlier Smalley was a missionary linguist with the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Laos and Vietnam. His most recent book is Translation as Mission: Bible Translation in the Modern Missionary Movement (Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1991). The Editors
Conversion and Community: Revisiting the Lesslie Newbigin—M. M. Thomas Debate
Authors: Hunsberger George R. 
Published: January 2016

In India in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Bishop Lesslie Newbigin and M. M. Thomas debated the nature of conversion and Christian community. The importance of the subject was underlined by the findings of sociological research that in major urban centers such as Madras there were thousands of Indians who believed in “Jesus as the only God” though they had no visible connection with the Christian church. The Bangalore theologian Kaj Baago sharpened the issue by asking, “Must Buddhists, Hindus and Muslims become Christians in order to belong to Christ?” Baago wished to advocate the kind of Christian witness that might lead to “the creation of Hindu Christianity or Buddhist Christianity.” On the occasion of the March 1966 Nasrapur Consultation on mission Newbigin launched the debate by responding. first to Baago. By 1969 the debate became focused in published discussions between Newbigin and his friend M. M. Thomas. The following essay reacquaints us with the issues as Newbigin and Thomas saw them. As we approach the twenty-first century in Christian mission, the issues taken up in the Newbigin-Thomas debate remain as relevant as ever.
The clinical significance of EBV DNA in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with or without EBV diseases
Authors: Kanakry Jennifer A. , Hegde Aparna M. , Durand Christine M. , Massie Allan B. , Greer Amy E. , Ambinder Richard F. , Valsamakis Alexandra 
Published: January 2016

Key PointsCell-free (plasma) EBV DNA performs better than cellular EBV DNA as a marker of a broad range of EBV+ diseases. Within a largely immunocompromised and hospitalized cohort, detection of EBV DNA in plasma is uncommon in the absence of EBV+ disease.
CD4+ T cells from patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura recognize CUB2 domain-derived peptides
Authors: Verbij Fabian C. , Turksma Annelies W. , de Heij Femke , Kaijen Paul , Lardy Neubury , Fijnheer Rob , Sorvillo Nicoletta , ten Brinke Anja , Voorberg Jan 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
CD4+ T-cell responses in 2 patients with acquired TTP. CUB2 domain-derived core peptides are recognized by CD4+ T cells present in 2 patients with acquired TTP.
NLRP3 inflammasome expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid lung
Authors: Lasithiotaki Ismini , Giannarakis Ioannis , Tsitoura Eliza , Samara Katerina D. , Margaritopoulos George A. , Choulaki Christiana , Vasarmidi Eirini , Tzanakis Nikolaos , Voloudaki Argyro , Sidiropoulos Prodromos , Siafakas Nikolaos M. , Antoniou Katerina M. 
Published: January 2016

In this study we investigated the implication of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid arthritis–usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP).NLRP3 inflammasome activation at baseline and following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide/ATP was evaluated by measuring interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels released in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) fluid and by cultures of BALF cells. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in the BALF and BALF macrophage cultures from RA-UIP patients, consistent with pre-existing inflammasome activation in these patients. In contrast, in IPF, BALF levels of IL-1β were significantly less elevated relative to RA-UIP and IL-18 was lower than controls. Furthermore, upon inflammasome stimulation, IPF BALF macrophage cultures failed to upregulate IL-1β and partly IL-18 secretion, in contrast to controls, which showed robust IL-1β and IL-18 upregulation. Interestingly, RA-UIP BALF cell cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide/ATP showed a potent stimulation of IL-18 secretion but not IL-1β, the latter being already elevated in the unstimulated cultures, while examination of the intracellular IL-1β levels in RA-UIP BALF cells upon NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation showed a significant upregulation of IL-1β suggesting the NLRP3 pathway could be further activated.Taken together, our results suggest distinct inflammasome activation profiles between autoimmune and idiopathic lung fibrosis.