bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reactions of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes
Authors: Wang Lijia , Tang Yong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDonor‐acceptor (DA) cyclopropanes are particularly useful synthetic building blocks, which have been widely applied in the total synthesis of natural products and important chiral molecules in organic synthesis. The asymmetric ring‐opening reactions of racemic DA cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes, for example, aryl‐substituted 1,1‐cyclopropane diesters and aryl‐substituted 1,1‐cyclobutane diesters, with nucleophiles provides versatile access to optically active γ‐ and δ‐functionalized carbon skeletons, as well as the kinetic resolution of racemic DA cyclopropanes, which are useful chiral skeletons in organic synthesis. Recently, we have developed a series of highly enantioselective ring‐opening and annulation reactions of DA cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes with various nucleophiles, such as amines, alcohols, nitrones, azomethine imines, enol silyl ethers, and indoles, by employing nickel and copper catalysts with TOX and SaBOX as ligands. The reactions worked smoothly with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities (up to >99/1 dr and up to 99 % ee) over broad substrate scopes.
Tunable fibre‐coupled multiphoton microscopy with a negative curvature fibre
Authors: Sherlock Ben , Yu Fei , Stone Jim , Warren Sean , Paterson Carl , Neil Mark A. A. , French Paul M. W. , Knight Jonathan , Dunsby Chris 
Published: March 2016

Negative curvature fibre (NCF) guides light in its core by inhibiting the coupling of core and cladding modes. In this work, an NCF was designed and fabricated to transmit ultrashort optical pulses for multiphoton microscopy with low group velocity dispersion (GVD) at 800 nm. Its attenuation was measured to be <0.3 dB m–1 over the range 600–850 nm and the GVD was –180 ± 70 fs2 m–1 at 800 nm. Using an average fibre output power of ∼20 mW and pulse repetition rate of 80 MHz, the NCF enabled pulses with a duration of <200 fs to be transmitted through a length of 1.5 m of fibre over a tuning range of 180 nm without the need for dispersion compensation. In a 4 m fibre, temporal and spectral pulse widths were maintained to within 10% of low power values up to the maximum fibre output power achievable with the laser system used of 278 mW at 700 nm, 808 mW at 800 nm and 420 mW at 860 nm. When coupled to a multiphoton microscope, it enabled imaging of ex vivo tissue using excitation wavelengths from 740 nm to 860 nm without any need for adjustments to the set‐up.
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Repeated transcranial low‐level laser therapy for traumatic brain injury in mice: biphasic dose response and long‐term treatment outcome
Authors: Xuan Weijun , Huang Liyi , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: March 2016

We previously showed that near‐infrared laser photobiomodulation (PBM) (810 nm, CW, 18 J/cm2, 25 mW/cm2) delivered to the mouse daily for 3‐days after a controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury (TBI) gave a significant improvement in neurological/cognitive function. However the same parameters delivered 14X daily gave significantly less benefit. This biphasic dose response intrigued us, and we decided to follow the mice that received 3X or 14X laser treatments out to 56‐days post‐TBI. We found the 14X group showed worse neurological function than the no‐treatment TBI group at 2‐weeks, but started to improve steadily during the next 6‐weeks, and by 56‐days were significantly better than the no‐treatment TBI mice, but still worse than the 3X mice. A marker of activated glial cells (GFAP) was significantly increased in the brain regions (compared to both untreated TBI and 3X groups) at 4‐weeks in the 14X group, but the GFAP had fallen to low levels in both 3X and 14X groups by 8‐weeks. We conclude that an excessive number of laser‐treatments delivered to mice can temporarily inhibit the process of brain repair stimulated by tPBM, but then the inhibitory effect ceases, and brain repair can resume. The mechanism may be temporary induction of reactive gliosis.
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Regeneration of articular cartilage using adipose stem cells
Authors: Im Gun‐Il 
Published: March 2016

AbstractArticular cartilage (AC) has limited potential for self‐regeneration and damage to AC eventually leads to the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Cell implantation strategies have emerged as a new treatment modality to regenerate AC. Adipose stem cells/adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs) have gained attention due to their abundance, excellent proliferative potential, and minimal morbidity during harvest. These advantages lower the cost of cell therapy by circumventing time‐consuming procedure of culture expansion. ASCs have drawn attention as a potential source for cartilage regeneration since the feasibility of chondrogenesis from ASCs was first reported. After several groups reported inferior chondrogenesis from ASCs, numerous methods were devised to overcome the intrinsic properties. Mostin vivoanimal studies have reported good results using predifferentiated or undifferentiated, autologous or allogeneic ASCs to regenerate cartilage in osteochondral defects or surgically‐induced OA. In this review, we summarize literature on the isolation andin vitrodifferentiation processes of ASCs,in vivostudies to regenerate AC in osteochondral defects and OA using ASCs, and clinical applications of ASCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1830–1844, 2016.
Winner of the Young Investigator Award of the Society for Biomaterials at the 10th World Biomaterials Congress, May 17–22, 2016, Montreal QC, Canada: Microribbon‐based hydrogels accelerate stem cell‐based bone regeneration in a mouse critical‐size cranial defect model
Authors: Han Li‐Hsin , Conrad Bogdan , Chung Michael T. , Deveza Lorenzo , Jiang Xinyi , Wang Andrew , Butte Manish J. , Longaker Michael T. , Wan Derrick , Yang Fan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStem cell‐based therapies hold great promise for enhancing tissue regeneration. However, the majority of cells die shortly after transplantation, which greatly diminishes the efficacy of stem cell‐based therapies. Poor cell engraftment and survival remain a major bottleneck to fully exploiting the power of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Biomaterials such as hydrogels can serve as artificial matrices to protect cells during delivery and guide desirable cell fates. However, conventional hydrogels often lack macroporosity, which restricts cell proliferation and delays matrix deposition. Here we report the use of injectable, macroporous microribbon (μRB) hydrogels as stem cell carriers for bone repair, which supports direct cell encapsulation into a macroporous scaffold with rapid spreading. When transplanted in a critical‐sized, mouse cranial defect model, μRB‐based hydrogels significantly enhanced the survival of transplanted adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) (81%) and enabled up to three‐fold cell proliferation after 7 days. In contrast, conventional hydrogels only led to 27% cell survival, which continued to decrease over time. MicroCT imaging showed μRBs enhanced and accelerated mineralized bone repair compared to hydrogels (61% vs. 34% by week 6), and stem cells were required for bone repair to occur. These results suggest that paracrine signaling of transplanted stem cells are responsible for the observed bone repair, and enhancing cell survival and proliferation using μRBs further promoted the paracrine‐signaling effects of ADSCs for stimulating endogenous bone repair. We envision μRB‐based scaffolds can be broadly useful as a novel scaffold for enhancing stem cell survival and regeneration of other tissue types. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1321–1331, 2016.
Analytical Evaluation of Free Testosterone and Cortisol Immunoassays in Saliva as a Reliable Alternative to Serum in Sports Medicine
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Dipalo Mariella , Buonocore Ruggero , Gnocchi Cecilia , Aloe Rosalia , Delsignore Roberto 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThis study was aimed to investigate whether measurement of free testosterone and cortisol in saliva is a reliable alternative to their assessment in serum for monitoring physical fitness in professional athletes.MethodsWe studied 25 members of the soccer team Parma F.C., playing in Italian major football league. Blood and saliva samples were collected at fasting, before a regular training session. Cortisol, total and free testosterone, as well as the ratio between free testosterone and cortisol, were assessed in paired serum and saliva samples, and their results were compared.ResultsAn excellent correlation was found between serum and saliva cortisol (r = 0.751; P < 0.001). A significant correlation was also observed between free testosterone in serum and saliva (r = 0.590; P = 0.002), whereas no significant correlation was found between total testosterone in serum and saliva (r = 0.181; P = 0.387). A significant correlation was found for the free testosterone to cortisol ratio in serum and saliva (r = 0.43; P = 0.031). All athletes (25/25; 100%) declared that they would feel more comfortable to have saliva rather than blood serially collected.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that measurement of free testosterone and cortisol in saliva may be seen as a reliable alternative to their assessment in serum.
Comparison of a New and Rapid Method: Brucella Coombs Gel Test With Other Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Kalem Fatma , Ergün Ayşe Gül , Durmaz Süleyman , Doğan Metin , Ertuğrul Ömür , Gündem Seval 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to detect reliability of Brucella Coombs gel test (BCGT) by comparing with with ELISA (IgG + IgM), Standard agglutination test, and Brucella immunocapture agglutination methods in serological diagnosis of brucellosis.MethodsBrucella Coombs gel test (BCGT), Brucella ELISA (IgG + IgM), Standard agglutination test, and Brucella immunocapture agglutination tests of 78 patients with presumptive diagnosis of brucellosis which were sent to Microbiology Laboratory of Konya Numune Hospital from various regions of Konya were studied.ResultsResults: Of 78 patients with ELISA IgG and IgM, STA, BICA and BCGT; 26, 21, 10, 12 and 12 were positive. When compared with BICA, the sensitivity and specifity of BCGT were 100% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionAccording to results BCGT can be used as a diagnostic test in routine laboratories after more comprehensive studies in control groups and patients.
Serum Osteoprotegerin Levels Related With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Demir Pinar , Erdenen Fusun , Aral Hale , Emre Turker , Kose Sennur , Altunoglu Esma , Dolgun Anil , Inal Berrin Bercik , Turkmen Aydin 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundTo evaluate osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in relation to cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on different regimens of renal replacement therapy.MethodsA total of 143 patients with CKD and 30 healthy controls were included in this study and divided into five categories, including predialysis patients with chronic renal failure (preD; n = 36), chronic peritoneal dialysis patients (PD; n = 36), hemodialysis patients (HD; n = 35), renal transplant patients (RT; n = 36), and controls (n = 30). Data on demographics, concomitant diseases and CV risk factors, serum OPG levels, and correlates of serum OPG levels were determined.ResultsSerum OPG (pmol/l) levels were significantly higher in HD (P <0.001 for each), PD (P <0.001 for each), and preD (P <0.01 vs. control, P <0.05 vs. RT) groups than RT and control groups. Diabetics than nondiabetics in HD (P = 0.008), PD (P = 0.024), and RT (P = 0.004) groups and males than females in PD group (P = 0.021) had higher OPG levels. Serum OPG levels were associated positively with age in HD (P <0.001), PD (P = 0.001), and in overall population (P <0.001).ConclusionOur findings revealed increased serum levels of OPG in dialysis and preD patients compared to RT and controls. In the patient groups receiving two dialysis treatment, the levels were worse, indicating a more pronounced vascular injury. Age, C‐reactive protein (CRP), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and cystatin C (CysC) in CKD patients, CRP and PTH in the control subjects, and age and BMI in the overall population were the significant correlates of serum OPG levels.
Histological and ultrastructural investigation of the female reproductive system of Argulus bengalensisRamakrishna, 1951 (Crustacea: Branchiura)
Authors: Banerjee Anirban , Saha Samar Kumar 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn order to understand branchiuran reproductive biology, it is imperative to know the sites of oogenesis and oocyte maturation, locate the accessory reproductive glands, and identify the fertilization site with the present knowledge of the sperm transfer mechanism of the genus Argulus. With these objectives, we attempted to describe the female reproductive system of Argulus bengalensis using serial histological sections through the ovaries and associated ducts in the transverse, longitudinal, and sagittal planes. The reproductive organs include a median ovary, one pair of ovarian lumina, a median oviduct, and a pair of collateral accessory glands. A duct from each of the collateral accessory glands leads into the proximal part of the median oviduct, which opens to the exterior through a genital opening at the distal end. The glandular secretion presumably contributes to the jelly coat of the egg. The ovary is bound with a tunica propria which extends further diametrically inside the ovary forming the paired lumina. The lumina are confluent into the median oviduct. Two distinct areas, the germarium and differentiating zones, are clearly distinguishable within the ovary. The tunica propria itself houses the oogonia within a matrix, serving as the germarium. Transmission electron micrograph reveals that the matrix is made of collagen. The collagen matrix confers elasticity to the tunica propria to accommodate the postvitellogenic oocytes within the ovarian lumen. The differentiating zone is situated in between the germarium: dorsally it is covered with a chromatophore layer. The ovary is ensheathed by a circum ovarian striated muscle. The presence of spermatophores in the ovarian lumen indicates the fertilization site. J. Morphol. 277:707–716, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Constraining the time span between the Early Holocene Hässeldalen and Askja‐S Tephras through varve counting in the Lake Czechowskie sediment record, Poland
Authors: Ott Florian , Wulf Sabine , Serb Johanna , Słowiński Michał , Obremska Milena , Tjallingii Rik , Błaszkiewicz Mirosław , Brauer Achim 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe report the first findings of coexisting early Holocene Hässeldalen and Askja‐S cryptotephras in a varved sediment record in Lake Czechowskie (Poland). A time span of 152 +11/−8 varve years between the two tephras has been revealed by differential dating through varve counting. This is in agreement within the uncertainties with calculations from radiocarbon‐based age models from the non‐varved Hässeldala port record in southern Sweden, but shorter than assumed from the non‐varved lake record on the Faroe Islands. We discuss possible reasons for the observed differences in duration between the two tephras and provide a revised absolute age for the Askja‐S tephra of 11 228 ± 226 cal a BP based on anchoring our floating varve chronology to the absolute timescale by using the Hässeldalen Tephra as dated in the Hässeldala port sediments (11 380 ± 216 cal a BP). This age agrees with radiocarbon age models with larger uncertainty ranges, but is slightly older than radiocarbon‐based age models with narrow uncertainty bands and is even 200–300 years older than the age reported from the Faroe Islands record. In addition to these chronological issues we discuss the possible response of the Czechowskie sediment record to the Preboreal climate oscillation.
Influence of genetic and vintage factors in flavan‐3‐ol composition of grape seeds of a segregating Vitis vinifera population
Authors: Hernández Maria M , Song Shiren , Menéndez Cristina M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlavan‐3‐ol compounds are important secondary metabolites which show high antioxidant activity and are responsible for bitterness and astringency of food products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential for selecting grape materials with higher seed flavanol content from a breeding population. The composition and content of flavan‐3‐ols from 151 genotypes obtained from crossing wine grape varieties was evaluated by UPLC in three consecutive years.RESULTSChromatograms of flavan‐3‐ol compounds showed the same 12 compounds for all samples, but quantitative differences were observed between genotypes as well as parental varieties. The most abundant compounds were (−)‐epicatechin and (+)‐catechin followed by proanthocyanidins A2 and B2. Progeny showed higher values than the parental genotypes for every detected compound indicating directional transgressive segregation. With these results genotypes with as much as five times more flavanols than their parents could be identified. The year effect was significant; however, high correlations between years for each compound indicated that there is a strong genetic component in the determination of flavanol content.CONCLUSIONHigher contents of seed flavan‐3‐ols can be obtained by hybridisation, and those genotypes could be used for extracting healthy phytochemicals, adding value to seeds as a sub‐product in wine elaboration. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of frequency dimming electronic ballast on a high‐pressure mercury thallium iodide discharge
Authors: Chammam Abdeljelil , Nsibi Walid , Nehdi Mohamed Nejib , Mrabet Brahim , Sellami Anis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study focuses on the behavior of a cylindrical metal halide discharge lamp powered by frequency‐controlled electronic ballast. Half‐bridge electronic ballast was designed and achieved.
Treatment of Mental or Physical Health Problems in a Combat Zone: Comparisons of Postdeployment Mental Health and Early Separation From Service
Authors: Conway Terry L. , Schmied Emily A. , Larson Gerald E. , Galarneau Michael R. , Hammer Paul S. , Quinn Kimberly H. , Schmitz Kimberly J. , Webb‐Murphy Jennifer A. , Boucher Wayne C. , Edwards Nathan K. , Ly Hoa L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether being treated for mental health or nonbattle physical injury during military combat deployment was associated with higher risk for postdeployment mental disorders and poorer career outcomes than seen in the general combat‐deployed population. Service members treated in theater for mental health (n = 964) or noncombat injury (n = 853) were compared with randomly sampled personnel (n = 7,220) from the general deployed population on diagnosed mental disorders and early separation from service. Deployment, medical, and career information were obtained from Department of Defense archival databases. Over half of the personnel who received mental health treatment while deployed were diagnosed with 1 or more mental disorders postdeployment and/or were separated from service before completing their full‐term enlistment. This was significantly higher than expected compared to the general deployed group, adjusting for demographic/military characteristics and mental health history (adjusted odds ratios [ORs] ranging 1.62 to 2.96). Frequencies of problems also were higher in the mental health‐treated group than in the group treated for nonbattle physical injuries (significant adjusted ORs ranging 1.65 to 2.58). The documented higher risks for postdeployment adjustment problems suggested that especially those treated in theater by mental health providers might benefit from postdeployment risk‐reduction programs.
Acquired cholesteatoma epithelial hyperproliferation: Roles of cell proliferation signal pathways
Authors: Xie Shumin , Xiang Yuyan , Wang Xiaoli , Ren Hongmiao , Yin Tuanfang , Ren Jihao , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo review the recent cell proliferation signal pathways in the etiopathogenesis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.Data SourcesPubMed (to September 2015).Review MethodsArticles about cell proliferation signal pathways in the etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma and treatment advances were searched in the PubMed database, from which 73 were included in this review.ResultsThe exact underlying cellular and molecular mechanism of acquired cholesteatoma still remains unknown. Recent research tends to regard the proliferation of cholesteatoma epithelial cells as the mechanism of cholesteatoma pathogenesis. Cell proliferation signal pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B signal pathway, mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal pathway, interleukin‐6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signal pathway, inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation‐1/nuclear factor‐κB/cyclinD1 signal pathway, microRNA‐mediated proliferation signal pathway, and keratinocyte growth factor/keratinocyte growth factor receptor signal pathway have been proven to play important roles in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.ConclusionsThis review outlines the main biological properties of certain cell proliferation signal pathways, aiming to facilitate the development of potential therapeutic targets for intratympanic drug therapy for the nonsurgical or complementary treatment of cholesteatoma.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:1923–1930, 2016
Gene specific epigenetic regulation of hepatic folate transport system is responsible for perturbed cellular folate status during aging and exogenous modulation
Authors: Ahmad Najar Rauf , Rahat Beenish , Hussain Aashiq , Thakur Shilpa , Kaur Jaspreet , Kaur Jyotdeep , Hamid Abid 
Published: March 2016

ScopeThe present study was designed to identify the molecular mechanism of folate modulation and aging on aberrant liver folate transporter system.Methods and resultsAn in vivo rat model was used, in which weanling, young and adult rats were given folate deficient diet for 3 and 5 months and after 3 months of folate deficiency, one group received physiological folate repletion (2 mg/kg diet) and another group received over supplemented folate diet (8 mg/kg diet) for another 2 months. In adult group, 3 and 5 months of folate deficiency decreased serum and tissue folate levels with decreased uptake of folate, further associated with decreased expression levels of reduced folate carrier (RFC) and increased expression levels of folate exporter (ABCG2) at both mRNA and protein levels, which in turn regulated by promoter hypermethylation of RFC and promoter hypomethylation of ABCG2 gene.ConclusionPromoter hypermethylation of RFC and promoter hypomethylation of ABCG2 may be attributed to the down regulation of RFC and up regulation of ABCG2 at mRNA and protein levels in conditions of 3 and 5 months of folate deficiency in the adult group.