bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling photodegradation kinetics of three systemic neonicotinoids—dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam—in aqueous and soil environment
Authors: Kurwadkar Sudarshan , Evans Amanda , DeWinne Dustan , White Peter , Mitchell Forrest 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Environmental presence and retention of commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides such as dinotefuran (DNT), imidacloprid (IMD), and thiamethoxam (THM) are a cause for concern and prevention because of their potential toxicity to nontarget species. In the present study the kinetics of the photodegradation of these insecticides were investigated in water and soil compartments under natural light conditions. The results suggest that these insecticides are fairly unstable in both aqueous and soil environments when exposed to natural sunlight. All 3 insecticides exhibit strong first-order degradation rate kinetics in the aqueous phase, with rate constants kDNT, kIMD, and kTHM of 0.20 h−1, 0.30 h−1, and 0.18 h−1, respectively. However, in the soil phase, the modeled photodegradation kinetics appear to be biphasic, with optimal rate constants k1DNT and k2DNT of 0.0198 h−1 and 0.0022 h−1 and k1THM and k2THM of 0.0053 h−1 and 0.0014 h−1, respectively. Differentially, in the soil phase, imidacloprid appears to follow the first-order rate kinetics with a kIMD of 0.0013 h−1. These results indicate that all 3 neonicotinoids are photodegradable, with higher degradation rates in aqueous environments relative to soil environments. In addition, soil-encapsulated imidacloprid appears to degrade slowly compared with dinotefuran and thiamethoxam and does not emulate the faster degradation rates observed in the aqueous phase. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1718–1726. © 2015 SETAC
Apolipoprotein E genotyping in Egyptian diabetic nephropathy patients
Authors: Atta Mohamed I. , Abo Gabal Khadiga , El‐Hadidi Khalid , Swellam Menha , Genina Ashraf , Zaher Nabil F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractResearch for the causes of diabetic nephropathy has focused on the study of the affected familial disease clusters. The polymorphism in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been linked to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in association with hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of this condition with ApoE gene polymorphism connected with DN in diabetic Egyptian subjects. One hundred and thirty‐five patients were enrolled in the study, they were divided into three groups: 45 diabetic patients; 45 DN patients and 45 healthy control group. Clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations with serum lipids and urinary microalbumin were done. Peripheral blood leukocytes from all were examined by the polymerase chain reaction for polymorphisms in ApoE gene. Our results revealed significant difference between Apo E genotype frequencies among all studied groups. Genotypes ε2ε3 and ε2ε4 were reported to be significantly higher in diabetes as compared to control individuals while genotype ε3ε3 was higher in control as compared to diabetes. Among the entire diabetic group ε2ε3 was highly detected in DN. Regarding allelic frequency ε2 allele was significantly detected in DN patients as compared to diabetic patients and it was the lowest in control individuals. In conclusion Apo ε2 mutations may have a role in increasing the development of DN among the Egyptian individuals. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(1):58–64, 2016
Inverting Instruction in Literacy Methods Courses
Authors: Zawilinski Lisa M. , Richard Kimberly A. , Henry Laurie A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThree teacher educators who inverted/flipped instruction in their literacy courses describe their experience in this article. Inverted, or flipped, instruction is a blended learning approach that increases opportunities for active engagement in class by moving basic instructor demonstration and presentation outside of class. The authors provide a rationale for inverting instruction and include relevant research that supports it. They also include a sample literacy module before and after inverting it. In addition, both student and instructor benefits to and challenges of inverted instruction are shared. Inverted instruction seemed to allow students to personalize their learning outside of class and affords them greater opportunities to apply and synthesize information during class.
A Question of Legitimacy
Authors: Moeller Robin A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough the implementation of multimodalities in education is much lauded by education research, the educational value of such formats is uncertain for education stakeholders. This study relied on the use of focus group interviews and field notes to better understand how a group of middle school students felt about their graphic novel reading experience and the legitimacy of this format in an educational context. The researcher's findings suggest that the students enjoyed their graphic novel reading experience greatly; however, the participants did not consider graphic novel reading to be a valuable educational practice.
Development and application of a human PBPK model for bromodichloromethane to investigate the impacts of multi‐route exposure
Authors: Kenyon Elaina M. , Eklund Christopher , Leavens Teresa , Pegram Rex A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAs a result of its presence in water as a volatile disinfection byproduct, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), which is mutagenic, poses a potential health risk from exposure via oral, dermal and inhalation routes. We developed a refined human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for BDCM (including new chemical‐specific human parameters) to evaluate the impact of BDCM exposure during showering and bathing on important measures of internal dose compared with oral exposure. The refined model adequately predicted data from the published literature for oral, dermal and bathing/showering exposures. A liter equivalency approach (L‐eq) was used to estimate BDCM concentration in a liter of water consumed by the oral route that would be required to produce the same internal dose of BDCM resulting from a 20‐min bath or a 10‐min shower in water containing 10 µg l–1 BDCM. The oral liter equivalent concentrations for the bathing scenario were 605, 803 and 5 µg l–1 BDCM for maximum venous blood concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve (AUCv) and the amount metabolized in the liver per hour (MBDCM), respectively. For a 10‐min showering exposure, the oral L‐eq concentrations were 282, 312 and 2.1 µg l–1 for Cmax, AUC and MBDCM, respectively. These results demonstrate large contributions of dermal and inhalation exposure routes to the internal dose of parent chemical reaching the systemic circulation, which could be transformed to mutagenic metabolites in extrahepatic target tissues. Thus, consideration of the contribution of multiple routes of exposure when evaluating risks from water‐borne BDCM is needed, and this refined human model will facilitate improved assessment of internal doses from real‐world exposures. Published 2015. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Specific variability of total ozone over Central Europe during spring and summer in the period 1979–2014
Authors: Krzyścin Janusz W. , Rajewska‐Więch Bonawentura 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe differences between monthly means of total ozone averaged over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes (30°–60°N) and over nested regions including Europe (15.75°W–45.75°E, 34.5°–60.5°N), Central Europe (9.75°–30.75°E, 44.5°–55.5°N), Poland (14.25°–24.75°E, 47.5°–55.5°N), and Central Poland (20.25°–21.75°E, 50.5°–52.5°N) are calculated using the multi‐sensor reanalysis (MSR: 1979–2008) data and results of 6 years of observations (2009–2014) by SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectrophotoMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). Total ozone averaged over Central Poland started to decline from that averaged over the NH midlatitudes during the summer and spring months since 1979 and 2005, respectively. The same pattern is found for total ozone averaged over the whole of Poland and Central Europe. The pattern of total ozone changes over the whole of Europe is similar to that found for the NH midlatitudes. The differences between the total ozone values for Central Europe and NH midlatitudes are ∼15 DU ( in spring) and ∼7 DU (in summer) lower at the end of the time series compared with the values calculated at the beginning of these time series. The same pattern of the regional differences is reproduced using reconstructed total ozone data from output of a multiple regression model which uses standard explanatory variables related to the solar cycle, Brewer–Dobson circulation, stratospheric aerosols, quasi‐biennial oscillation, El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and stratospheric halogen changes (piecewise linear function with the turning point in 1997). The long‐term changes in the differences between regional total ozone patterns suggest substantial spatial–temporal variations in the ozone response to its driving factors. A specific noise (the model's residuals) configuration in spring over the 10‐year period (2005–2014) increased noticeably the regional total ozone differences.
Multi‐parametric MRI characterization of enzymatically degraded articular cartilage
Authors: Nissi Mikko J. , Salo Elli‐Noora , Tiitu Virpi , Liimatainen Timo , Michaeli Shalom , Mangia Silvia , Ellermann Jutta , Nieminen Miika T. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral laboratory and rotating frame quantitative MRI parameters were evaluated and compared for detection of changes in articular cartilage following selective enzymatic digestion. Bovine osteochondral specimens were subjected to 44 h incubation in control medium or in collagenase or chondroitinase ABC to induce superficial collagen or proteoglycan (glycosaminoglycan) alterations. The samples were scanned at 9.4 T for T1, T1 Gd (dGEMRIC), T2, adiabatic T1 ρ, adiabatic T2 ρ, continuous‐wave T1 ρ, TRAFF2, and T1 sat relaxation times and for magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). For reference, glycosaminoglycan content, collagen fibril orientation and biomechanical properties were determined. Changes primarily in the superficial cartilage were noted after enzymatic degradation. Most of the studied parameters were sensitive to the destruction of collagen network, whereas glycosaminoglycan depletion was detected only by native T1 and T1 Gd relaxation time constants throughout the tissue and by MTR superficially. T1, adiabatic T1 ρ, adiabatic T2 ρ, continuous‐wave T1 ρ, and T1 sat correlated significantly with the biomechanical properties while T1 Gd correlated with glycosaminoglycan staining. The findings indicated that most of the studied MRI parameters were sensitive to both glycosaminoglycan content and collagen network integrity, with changes due to enzymatic treatment detected primarily in the superficial tissue. Strong correlation of T1, adiabatic T1ρ, adiabatic T2 ρ, continuous‐wave T1 ρ, and T1 sat with the altered biomechanical properties, reflects that these parameters were sensitive to critical functional properties of cartilage. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1111–1120, 2016.
Unique plasma metabolomic signature of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Li Qing , Sheng Jiagen , Hu Bin , Zhu Zhenzhong , Zhou Shumin , Yin Junhui , Gong Qiang , Wang Yang , Zhang Changqing 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMetabolomic analysis was performed to determine the metabolomic signature of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and to investigate the underlying relationship between the metabolomic signature and the pathogenesis of ONFH. Plasma samples were collected from 30 ONFH patients and 30 normal subjects. The global metabolomic profile was obtained through a combination of high‐throughput liquid‐ and gas‐chromatography‐based mass spectrometry analyses. All statistical analyses were conducted using the R software. The results showed clear differences in the metabolomic signature between the plasma of ONFH patients compared with normal subjects. Among the 354 identified metabolites, the expression of 123 metabolites were significantly changed in ONFH patients compared with normal subjects (p < 0.05, q < 0.10). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these abnormal metabolites were mainly involved in lipid‐, glutathione‐, nucleotide‐, and energy‐associated pathways, which might be related to enhanced inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy deficiency due to ONFH. This study provides the first metabolomic analysis of ONFH, and identifies a previously unrecognized metabolic signature in ONFH plasma. The results offer new insights into the pathological mechanisms of ONFH through its influence on metabolic pathways, providing the requisite framework for identifying biomarkers or novel targets for therapeutic intervention. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1158–1167, 2016.
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Artemisinin Antimalarial Drug: Charge Transfer Redox Process
Authors: Mugweru Amos M. , Shore Andrew , Kahi Helen K. , Kamau Geoffrey N. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTArtemisinin is a plant extract and popular in treating many diseases including malaria. It is a sesquiterpene lactone with several binding modes to several molecules. Oxidation and reduction of this molecule at different electrode materials was studied in tetrabutyl ammonium bromide in acetonitrile solution. The apparent standard heterogeneous rate constant for electron transfer (kh) was found to be 23 cm s−1. The value of the electron transfer coefficient (αna) was found to be 0.496. The diffusion coefficient (D) was found to be 3.34 × 10−6 cm s−1. Gold (Au), glassy carbon, and pyrolytic graphite electrodes exhibited distinguishable current densities. A value of E1/2 = –0.81 V versus Ag/AgCl was obtained, and a value of n = 1.52 (2) was estimated.
Transient absorption microscopy: advances in chemical imaging of photoinduced dynamics
Authors: Davydova Dar'ya , de la Cadena Alejandro , Akimov Denis , Dietzek Benjamin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article reviews the state of the art of ultrafast transient absorption microscopy, discusses current experimental concepts and highlights future challenges. The advantages of transient absorption microscopy over other micro‐spectroscopic techniques are its high optical resolution combined with high temporal resolution as well as its ability to study non‐fluorescent and weakly fluorescent molecular species and to probe excited‐state processes. In conventional transient absorption spectroscopy the spectroscopic information usually presents a spatial average over the focal spot of the typically weakly focused probe beam. Transient absorption microscopy, however, enables investigations of the excited state dynamics in individual microscopic areas of a sample. Hence, the technique does not only yield detailed morphological information based on a label‐free molecular contrast, but also gives insight into the ultrafast morphology‐dependent photoinduced processes in heterogeneous samples. Different variations of transient absorption microscopy have found a number of applications ranging from material sciences to biology, which are discussed in this review together with different setup modifications and approaches towards transient absorption spectroscopy with spatial resolution below the diffraction limit.
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Brief Timelapse on Dendrimer Chemistry: Advances, Limitations, and Expectations
Authors: Ornelas Catia 
Published: December 2015

Dendrimers are well‐defined branched macromolecules that have been studied for a wide variety of applications. Possibility to add multiple functionalities in precise locations of the dendritic structure generated great expectations for the application of dendrimers in nanomedicine, however, the number of dendrimer‐based formulations that advance to clinical studies has been somewhat deceiving. This is partially due to the nonreproducible pharmokinetic behavior observed for multifunctional dendrimers synthesized through the random‐statistical approach that leads to mixtures of products. Therefore, it is crucial to develop multifunctional dendrimers with well‐defined structures in order to increase the chances of meeting the clinical expectations placed on dendrimers. This talent article will give an overview of the dendrimer field, discussing the application of dendrimers in nanomedicine, light‐harvesting systems, sensing and catalysis, with a critical analysis on the expectations, limitations, advances, current challenges and future directions.
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Epigenetic imprinting during assisted reproductive technologies: The effect of temporal and cumulative fluctuations in methionine cycling on the DNA methylation state
Authors: Hoeijmakers Lianne , Kempe Hermannus , Verschure Pernette J. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYAssisted reproductive technology (ART) exposes gametes and embryos to an artificial environment that does not resemble the conditions of natural conception, and therefore might change epigenetic regulation of genes that are imprinted during development. In the present review, we discuss the relationship between susceptibility of specific genes to receive an altered epigenetic composition during ART processes, possibly via alterations in the biochemical folate and methionine cycle. We provide a comprehensive view of the current state of epigenetic patterning in ART‐conceived healthy children and in Angelman syndrome (AS) and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients. We illustrate that similar genes—that is, MEST, KCNQ1OT1, and IGF2—possess an altered DNA methylation profile in animal models, ART‐conceived healthy children, and AS and BWS patients. The developmental stage at which these genes receive their epigenetic imprint appears to coincide with the specific moment that ART takes place. We highlight that ART procedures affect physiological levels of enzymes and substrates involved in the folate and methionine cycle thereby altering the DNA methylation state. Moreover, although the DNA methylation rate appears to be robust: (i) temporal imbalances coinciding with defined moments of epigenetic imprinting of specific genes affect the eventual DNA methylation state of those genes and (ii) cumulative ART effects on methionine and folate cycling can alter DNA methylation rates. These observations underscore the necessity to further investigate consequences of ART treatments on the epigenetic profile. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 94–107, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neue maßgeschneiderte Vakuumlösungen
Authors: Engert Tobias , Surowiec Alicja , Krause Jörg , Mosel Günter , Günther Niklas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDas Arbeiten unter (Hoch‐)Vakuumbedingungen spielt in den verschiedensten Anwendungen und Technologiebereichen eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Auch das GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt arbeitet in diesem Bereich seit Jahrzehnten an immer neuen optimierten maßgeschneiderten Lösungen. So hat Hessens größte Forschungseinrichtung auch aktuell einige wichtige Erfindungen für den Bereich Vakuumtechnik hervorgebracht. Diese umfassen hochvakuumdicht verkapselte Gehäuse und deren Herstellung, eine neuartige Laserschweißtechnik zur partikelfreien Verkapselung und ein verbessertes Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Getterschichten, insbesondere von NEG‐ (non‐evaporating getter) Schichten.
25 Jahre Fraunhofer IST
Authors: Kondruweit Simone , Viehmeier Daniela 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDas Fraunhofer‐Institut für Schicht‐ und Oberflächentechnik IST wurde vor 25 Jahren in Hamburg gegründet und zog 1994 nach Braunschweig. Aus einer kleinen Forschergruppe um Dr. Heinz Dimigen entstand ein Dienstleistungszentrum für Problemlösungen rund um die Oberfläche. Wesentliche Forschungsergebnisse erzielte das Institut im Bereich diamantähnlicher Kohlenstoffschichten für die Tribologie, bei der großflächigen Abscheidung von polykristallinem Diamant, bei der Prozess‐ und Materialentwicklung für die Herstellung transparenter leitfähiger Schichten, der Metallisierung von CFK‐Bauteilen sowie in der Präzisionsoptik. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit spielten Oberflächen für die Bio‐ und Medizintechnik sowie die Plasmamedizin eine Rolle von wachsender Bedeutung.
Cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of vertigo in medical practice
Authors: Scholtz Arne-Wulf , Ilgner Justus , Loader Benjamin , Pritschow Bernd W. , Weisshaar Gerhard 
Published: December 2015

Summary
The efficacy and safety of the fixed combination of cinnarizine 20 mg and dimenhydrinate 40 mg in the treatment of vertigo of various origins have been investigated in a prospective, noninterventional study involving private practices throughout Germany. A total of 1275 patients with an average age of 61.2 years participated in the study. The vertigo symptoms, measured by a validated mean vertigo score (primary efficacy endpoint) improved by 61 % in the course of the observational period (median: 6 weeks). Concomitant symptoms frequently associated with vertigo such as nausea, vomiting and tinnitus were also markedly reduced by 84, 85 and 51 %, respectively. Overall efficacy has been rated by the physicians as ‘very much improved’ or ‘much improved’ in 95 % of the patients. A total of 47 patients (3.7 %) reported 51 adverse drug reactions (all nonserious). The results indicate a good tolerability and efficacy of the fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of vertigo in daily medical practice, which is in line with previous findings of numerous interventional, randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical trials.
Subcutaneous Port Malfunction: A Retrospective Comparison Between Internal Jugular and Subclavian Vein Access
Authors: Samman Mahmoud , Mujo Tomas , Harris John J. , Coldwell Douglas M. , Hite-Potts Melissa , Vyleta Martin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate malfunction rates of subcutaneous chest ports placed via the internal jugular and subclavian veins. Analysis and preventive measures to reduce the risk of complication between the 2 sites of venous access will be discussed.
Methodology: Retrospective review of 114 patients with malfunctioning subcutaneous port-a-catheters was performed. Of those 114 patients, 77 had venous access via a subclavian approach, whereas the remaining 37 had internal jugular vein access. Port insertion placement was evaluated and analysis of the malfunction rate was performed.
Results: There were 36 patients with 38 subcutaneous port malfunctions from internal jugular vein access. Thirty-four of 38 complications (89%) were not related to insertion and 4 out of 38 (11%) were related to vascular access approach. Seventy-seven patients with malfunctioning subcutaneous ports placed via the subclavian vein had a total of 127 complications. Twenty-eight of 127 complications (22%) were not related to insertion and 99 out of 127 (78%) of the complications were directly related to venous access approach.
Conclusions: Subcutaneous port placement complications can be avoided by measuring the length of the port catheter under fluoroscopic guidance and positioning the tip within 2 cm of the cavoatrial junction. Also, the jugular vein should be the first site for access unless patient circumstances do not permit this approach.