bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of crystallographic preferred orientations of experimentally deformed Black Hills Quartzite
Authors: Kilian Rüdiger , Heilbronner Renée 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The crystallographic preferred orientations (textures) of three samples of Black Hills Quartzite (BHQ) deformed experimentally in the dislocation creep regimes 1, 2 and 3 (according to Hirth and Tullis, 1992) have been analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). All samples were deformed to relatively high strain at temperatures of 850 to 915 °C and are almost completely dynamically recrystallized. A texture transition from peripheral [c] axes in regime 1 to a central [c] maximum in regime 3 is observed. Separate pole figures are calculated for different grain sizes, aspect ratios and long-axis trends of grains, and high and low levels of intragranular deformation intensity as measured by the mean grain kernel average misorientation (gKAM). Misorientation relations are analyzed for grains of different texture components (named Y, B, R and σ grains, with reference to previously published prism, basal, rhomb and σ1 grains). Results show that regimes 1 and 3 correspond to clear end-member textures, with regime 2 being transitional. Texture strength and the development of a central [c]-axis maximum from a girdle distribution depend on deformation intensity at the grain scale and on the contribution of dislocation creep, which increases towards regime 3. Adding to this calculations of resolved shear stresses and misorientation analysis, it becomes clear that the peripheral [c]-axis maximum in regime 1 is not due to deformation by basal 〈a〉 slip. Instead, we interpret the texture transition as a result of different texture forming processes, one being more efficient at high stresses (nucleation or growth of grains with peripheral [c] axes), the other depending on strain (dislocation glide involving prism and rhomb 〈a〉 slip systems), and not as a result of temperature-dependent activity of different slip systems.
Forced Silence: Determinants of Journalist Killings in Mexico's States, 2010–2015
Authors: Brambila J. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhy are some subnational states more dangerous for journalists? This exploratory article assesses the association of social variables with the murders of journalists within one single country, Mexico, where forty-one journalists were killed from 2010 to 2015. The article suggests that the violent deaths of journalists in Mexico's thirty-two states are more likely to happen in those subnational polities with high levels of social violence, internal conflict, severe violations of human rights, low democratic development, and economic inequality. The implications of this research and policy recommendations are discussed within the conclusion.
El lento camino de la adaptación. Análisis comparado de los patrones de inversión y los ciclos de acumulación de riqueza en las colonias agrícolas de Brasil y Argentina (1860-1884)
Authors: Luis Martiren Juan 
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo pretende analizar en perspectiva comparada el comportamiento de los ciclos de acumulación y distribución de la riqueza rural en las colonias agrícolas de Brasil y Argentina. Se toman para ello dos casos representativos de los mayores centros de colonización
en ambos países: por un lado, la colonia San Carlos, situada en la provincia argentina de Santa Fe, y por otro el Cuarto Distrito de la colonia São Leopoldo, emplazada en la entonces provincia de Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1860 y 1884. Mediante la utilización de fuentes fiscales,
estadísticas varias e inventarios post mortem se buscará estudiar cómo las distintas lógicas de producción y las condiciones edafológicas imperantes en ambas colonias – producción diversificada vs. especialización cerealera – impactaron en los proceso de creación de riqueza y en su distribución.
A casa na parcela: a construção do lugar da família nos assentamentos da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco
Authors: Micaelo Ana Luísa 
Published: October 2017

O modelo de reforma agrária colocado em prática no Brasil nas últimas três décadas presume uma espécie de quadro atemporal, baseando-se numa unidade operativa de família nuclear que não comporta a noção de prolongamento temporal e reprodução intergeracional.
Apesar de a reprodução familiar ser uma das preocupações mais características das comunidades camponesas, a sucessão não foi prevista neste processo. De forma a compreendermos como os assentados lidaram com essa situação, este artigo apresenta uma análise etnográfica
das casas num assentamento rural da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco
onde ocorreu um debate intenso entre diferentes modelos de organização espacial. Partindo então da observação da diversidade de categorias e materiais das casas, propõe-se uma interpretação do seu significado ligado à historicidade das dinâmicas familiares e aos sentidos
locais de posse da terra.
Quero ser senhor do meu fucinho”: a face agrária da Revolução Federalista nas matas do Rio Grande do Sul (1893-1895)
Authors: Antônio Both da Silva Marcio 
Published: October 2017

Neste artigo, a partir da análise de fontes que foram produzidas por pessoas que tiveram participação na Revolução Federalista (1893-1895), seja como soldados rasos ou como lideranças militares e políticas, da contraposição desses documentos com a bibliografia que tratou de estudar o evento, busco discutir os diferentes sentidos que a Revolução Federalista
adotou na região de matas do Rio Grande do Sul – municípios de Cruz
Alta, Palmeira das Missões, Passo Fundo e Santo Ângelo. Interessa mostrar o
quanto os variados significados expressavam a condição social e as situações
então experimentadas pelas populações rurais que viviam na região.
Para uma biografia da pequena propriedade rural no oeste catarinense
Authors: Renk Arlene , Winckler Silvana 
Published: October 2017

Este texto é uma tentativa de traçar uma biografia da pequena propriedade rural no oeste catarinense. Esta surge nas franjas
das fazendas e nas áreas florestais dos Campos de Palmas. Após a Guerra
do Contestado, dezenas de empresas colonizadoras
instalam-se na região para vender pequenas glebas aos agricultores
oriundos do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa pequena propriedade, tal como um personagem, em período de emancipação, expande-se pelo território, ocupando as áreas florestais, desencadeando conflitos
com povos indígenas e autóctones para firmar-se como o modelo de colonização. As lutas pela cidadania conduzem os proprietários ao engajamento em movimentos sociais e à conquista de
terras. No momento de maturidade, são enfrentados crises e desafios do modelo neo desenvolvimentista, com grandes projetos que rebatem no interior desse modelo de estrutura agrária.
Established and evolving ways of linking to practice in teacher education: Findings from an international study of the enactment of practice in teacher education
Authors: Klette Kirsti , Hammerness Karen , Jenset Inga Staal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWorldwide, teacher educators and policymakers call for teacher preparation that is more deeply linked to practice. Yet, we know little about how such linkages are achieved within different international programs. We examine the degree to which programs provide opportunities to learn that are grounded in practice. We report on survey data (n = 486 teacher candidates) from five pro-grams in Finland, Norway, California, Chile, and Cuba, and observation data from the methods courses (n = 104 hours) in six programs in Finland, Norway, and California. Using an analytical framework decomposing the conception of ‘opportunities that are grounded in practice’ in teacher education, this article provides evidence regarding the successes—and challenges—concerning incorporating practice in teacher education. These findings suggest that some ways of linking to practice in teacher education seem to be established, while others are still evolving.Keywords: teacher education, practice, coursework, comparative research Delvis etablert, delvis i utvikling: Funn fra en internasjonal studie om koblinger til praksis i lærerutdanningenSammendragLærerutdannere og politikere over hele verden etterlyser en mer praksisbasert lærerutdanning med tydelige koblinger til praksis. Likevel vet vi lite om hvordan slike koblinger ser ut i ulike lærerutdanningsprogram internasjonalt. I denne artikkelen undersøker vi i hvilken grad ulike lærerutdanningsprogram tilbyr studentene praksisbaserte læringsmuligheter. Studien bygger på survey data (n = 486 lærerstudenter) fra fem lærerutdanningsprogram i Finland, Norge, California, Chile og Cuba, og observasjonsdata fra fagdidaktikkurs (n = 104 timer) i seks program i Finland, Norge og California. Ved hjelp av et analytisk rammeverk som operasjonaliserer konseptet ‘praksisbaserte læringsmuligheter’, viser denne artikkelen til suksesser – og utfordringer – med å innlemme praksis i lærerutdanningen. Funnene indikerer at det finnes etablerte måter å koble til praksis på i lærerutdanningen, mens andre fremdeles er i utvikling.Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, praksis, undervisning på campus, komparativt design
Implications of Future Northwest Atlantic Bottom Temperatures on the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Fishery
Authors: Rheuban Jennie E. , Kavanaugh Maria T. , Doney Scott C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSea surface temperatures of the northwest Atlantic have warmed dramatically over the last several decades, while benthic temperatures have increased at a slower pace. Here we analyze a subset of the CMIP5 global Earth system model ensemble using a statistical downscaling approach to determine potential future changes in benthic temperatures on the northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope (<500 m). We put future changes in the context of possible impacts of ocean warming on the high‐value, wild‐caught American Lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery. Future bottom temperatures of the northwest Atlantic under a business‐as‐usual (RCP8.5) and a climate‐policy (RCP4.5) scenario are projected to increase by 0–1.5°C and 1.2–2.4°C by 2050 and 0–1.9°C and 2.3–4.3°C by the end of the century for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. H. americanus experiences thermal stress at temperatures above 20°C, and projected increases in temperature is likely to result in changes in the distribution of optimal thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators. Inshore regions of southern New England, where H. americanus biomass and catch have been declining historically, will likely become inhospitable under either future scenario, while thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators will expand offshore and in the Gulf of Maine. These changes imply that members of the fishery based in southern New England may need to recapitalize to larger vessels to prepare for potential changes brought on by future climate warming. Results from the downscaling presented here can be useful in preparing for potential changes to other fisheries or in future climate vulnerability analyses.
Generation and Decay Mechanisms of Ningaloo Niño/Niña
Authors: Kataoka Takahito , Tozuka Tomoki , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing an ocean model, generation and decay mechanisms of warm/cool sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) off Western Australia, or Ningaloo Niño/Niña, are investigated through the calculation of a mixed‐layer temperature (MLT) balance taking the mixed‐layer depth (MLD) variation into account. Since Ningaloo Niño/Niña develops owing to local air‐sea interaction and/or remote forcing, events are classified into two cases based on alongshore wind anomalies and analyzed separately. It is revealed that the anomalous meridional advection associated with the stronger Leeuwin Current and the enhanced warming by the climatological shortwave radiation because of the shallower MLD generate warm SSTAs in the coastal region for both cases of Ningaloo Niño. On the other hand, the latent heat flux damps SSTAs only in a case without northerly alongshore wind anomalies. In the decay, larger sensible heat loss is important. Because of the reduced meridional temperature gradient, the meridional advection eventually damps SSTAs. The sensitivity change to the climatological shortwave radiation owing to MLD anomalies explains offshore MLT tendency anomalies for both cases throughout the events. The mechanisms for Ningaloo Niña are close to a mirror image of Ningaloo Niño but differ in that the latent heat flux damps offshore SSTAs. The seasonal phase‐locking nature of Ningaloo Niño/Niña is related to the seasonal variations of MLD and surface heat fluxes, which regulate the amplitude and sign of the sensitivity change to surface heat fluxes. It is also related to the seasonal variations of the Leeuwin Current and meridional temperature gradient through advection anomalies.
Recent Advances in Spiro‐MeOTAD Hole Transport Material and Its Applications in Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hawash Zafer , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing 
Published: October 2017

Abstract2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐4‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD) hole transport material (HTM) is a milestone in the history of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Proper choice of HTMs is key factor for efficient charge extraction and stability in solar cells. Spiro‐MeOTAD is proven to be the most suitable HTM for testing PSCs due to its facile implementation and high performance. Similarly, spiro‐MeOTAD is receiving attention in other applications other than in solar cells due to its desirable properties. However, spiro‐MeOTAD is under debate regarding the topics of cost‐performance, long‐term stability, degradation issues (induced by temperature, additives, film quality, and environmental conditions), coating technologies compatibility, reliance on additives, and hysteresis. In this review, the advent of spiro‐MeOTAD, and related aforementioned issues about spiro‐MeOTAD are discussed. In addition, spiro‐MeOTAD properties, alternative and new additives, other applications, and new HTMs that is comparable or outperforms spiro‐MeOTAD in PSCs are summarized. In the outlook, the future research directions based on reported results that warrant further investigations are outlined.
Laminated Free Standing PEDOT:PSS Electrode for Solution Processed Integrated Photocapacitors via Hydrogen‐Bond Interaction
Authors: Jin Yingzhi , Li Zaifang , Qin Leiqiang , Liu Xianjie , Mao Lin , Wang Yazhong , Qin Fei , Liu Yanfeng , Zhou Yinhua , Zhang Fengling 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, a novel lamination method employing hydrogen‐bond interaction to assemble a highly conductive free standing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film as a common electrode is demonstrated in a solution processed metal‐free foldable integrated photocapacitor (IPC) composed of a monolithic organic solar cell (OSC) and a capacitor. The highlights of the work are: (1) micrometer free standing PEDOT:PSS electrode is successfully laminated onto a relatively large area (1 cm2) OSCs; (2) a free standing capacitor based on the PEDOT:PSS electrode is achieved; (3) the IPC demonstrates an overall efficiency of 2% and an energy storage efficiency of 58%, which is comparable with those of IPCs based on metallic common electrodes; (4) the novel lamination method for PEDOT:PSS electrode enables free standing PEDOT:PSS broad applications in solution processed flexible organic electronics, especially tandem or/and integrated organic electronic devices. Furthermore, the IPC is foldable with excellent cycling stability (no decay after 100 recycles at 1 mA cm−2). These results indicate that free standing PEDOT:PSS film is a promising candidate as common electrodes for IPCs to break the restrictions of metal electrodes. The demonstrated lamination method will greatly extend the applications of PEDOT:PSS electrodes to large area flexible organic electronic devices.
X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Water Using a Holey Membrane‐Based Flow Cell
Authors: Petit Tristan , Ren Jian , Choudhury Sneha , Golnak Ronny , Lalithambika Sreeju S. N. , Tesch Marc F. , Xiao Jie , Aziz Emad F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany applications of TiO2 nanoparticles, such as photocatalytic water splitting or water remediation, occur in aqueous environment. However, the impact of solvation on TiO2 electronic structure remains unclear because only few experimental methods are currently available to probe nanoparticle–water interface. Soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy has been extensively used to characterize the electronic structure of TiO2 materials, but so far only in vacuum conditions. Here, oxygen K edge and titanium L edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles measured directly in aqueous dispersion is presented. For this purpose, a new method to probe nanomaterials in liquid using a holey membrane‐based flow cell is introduced. With this approach, the X‐ray transmission of the membrane is increased, especially in the water window, compared to solid membranes.
Interface Strain Induced Hydrophobic Facet Suppression in Cellulose Nanocomposite Embedded with Highly Oxidized Monolayer Graphene Oxide
Authors: Mao Qian , Yang Lei , Geng Xiumei , Chen Liao , Sapkota Bedanga , Zhao Huijuan , Zhu Hongli 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn nature, cellulose is a unique lightweight biopolymer with outstanding mechanical and optical properties that is readily available. Rigorous investigations have been conducted to use cellulose as an ingredient in the advanced functional composite design. In this work, a hybrid film composed of homogeneous cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and high oxidation graphene oxide (GO) is obtained by sufficient blending and vacuum filtration. For the first time through the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, the suppression of the originally ordered hydrophobic (200) facet of CNC is observed with increasing concentrations of GO. Further, the originally ordered hydrophilic (110)/(1‐10) facets of CNC remain intact. Through systematic molecular dynamics simulations of a set of simplified CNC–GO sandwich structures, the mechanism behind this hydrophilic/hydrophobic facets manipulation is revealed. The strain induced by the hydrogen bonding between the CNC hydroxyl groups and the oxidation types on GO is the dominant reason to cause the suppression of the hydrophobic facet of CNC in CNC–GO hybrid film. This strain induced mechanism provides an understanding for intrinsically manipulating cellulose–matrix interface and potentially engineering the cellulose based nanocomposite material properties for future advanced materials development.
Effect of heavy water on the conformational stability of globular proteins
Authors: Pica Andrea , Graziano Giuseppe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is well established from the experimental point of view that the native state of globular proteins is more stable in heavy water than in water. No robust explanation, however, has been provided up to now. The application of the theoretical approach, originally devised to rationalize the general occurrence of cold denaturation, indicates that the magnitude of the solvent‐excluded volume effect is slightly smaller in heavy water than in water and cannot explain the observed protein stabilization. The latter has to be due to the strength of protein‐water van der Waals attractions which are weaker in heavy water due to the smaller molecular polarizability of D2O compared with that of H2O molecules. Since protein‐water van der Waals attractions occur more in the denatured than in the native state, this contribution leads to a stabilization of the latter through a destabilization of the former.
Upregulated osterix expression elicited by Runx2 and Dlx5 is required for the accelerated osteoblast differentiation in PP2A Cα‐knockdown cells
Authors: Yang Di , Okamura Hirohiko , Qiu Lihong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSerine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is involved in regulating various physiological processes including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Osteoblast differentiation is controlled by main bone specific transcription factors including Osterix, distal‐less homeobox 5 (Dlx5), and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). We previously reported that knockdown of PP2A Cα increases the expression of Osterix, leading to the accelerated osteoblast differentiation through the upregulation of bone‐related genes. In this study, we examined whether Dlx5 and Runx2 are involved in the upregulated Osterix expression in PP2A Cα‐knockdown osteoblasts (shPP2A cells). The expression of Dlx5 as well as Osterix was significantly higher in shPP2A cells in the initial stage of osteoblast differentiation compared with the control cells (shCont). The expression of Runx2 protein was also higher in shPP2A cells compared with shCont cells although its mRNA level was comparable. Reduction of Dlx5 or Runx2 decreased Osterix expression and alkaline phosphatase activity in shPP2A cells. Luciferase assay showed that Osterix promoter activity was drastically elevated in shPP2A cells compared with that in shCont cells. The deletion or mutation of the Dlx5 and Runx2 binding sites significantly suppressed Osterix promoter activity in shPP2A cells. These results indicate that Dlx5 and Runx2 are critical factors for the upregulated Osterix expression in shPP2A cells, which is considered to be important for the accelerated osteoblast differentiation in these cells.
Chemical‐Free Pest Control by Dielectric Heating with Radio Waves and Microwaves: Thermal Effects
Authors: Hoyer Christian , Pfütze Christian , Plarre Rudy , Trommler Ulf , Steinbach Steffen , Klutzny Kerstin , Holzer Frank , Rabe Carsten , Höhlig Björn , Schmidt Detlef , Roland Ulf 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThermal pest control with hot air is widely accepted as an alternative to chemical methods. However, it requires relatively long treatment times owing to the low thermal conductivity of wood. Direct dielectric heating that applies radio waves or microwaves has the advantage of more homogeneous heating. However, sound experimental data on this technique are currently rare. Therefore, the thermal treatment of wood‐destroying insects with radio waves and microwaves was studied with two model pests, Anobium punctatum and Hylotrupes bajulus, and with Tenebrio molitor as a reference. The secure elimination of pests was achieved, and the corresponding treatment time was in the range of a few minutes. Temperature profiles were more homogeneous when applying radio waves.
Firefly Luciferin‐Inspired Biocompatible Chemistry for Protein Labeling and In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Wang Yuqi , An Ruibing , Luo Zhiliang , Ye Deju 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBiocompatible reactions have emerged as versatile tools to build various molecular imaging probes that hold great promise for the detection of biological processes in vitro and/or in vivo. In this Minireview, we describe the recent advances in the development of a firefly luciferin‐inspired biocompatible reaction between cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine (Cys), and highlight its versatility to label proteins and build multimodality molecular imaging probes. The review starts from the general introduction of biocompatible reactions, which is followed by briefly describing the development of the firefly luciferin‐inspired biocompatible chemistry. We then discuss its applications for the specific protein labeling and for the development of multimodality imaging probes (fluorescence, bioluminescence, MRI, PET, photoacoustic, etc.) that enable high sensitivity and spatial resolution imaging of redox environment, furin and caspase‐3/7 activity in living cells and mice. Finally, we offer the conclusions and our perspective on the various and potential applications of this reaction. We hope that this review will contribute to the research of biocompatible reactions for their versatile applications in protein labeling and molecular imaging.