bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
iPTF 16asu: A Luminous, Rapidly Evolving, and High-velocity Supernova
Authors: Whitesides L. , Lunnan R. , Kasliwal M. M. , Perley D. A. , Corsi A. , Cenko S. B. , Blagorodnova N. , Cao Y. , Cook D. O. , Doran G. B. , Frederiks D. D. , Fremling C. , Hurley K. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Kulkarni S. R. , Leloudas G. , Masci F. , Nugent P. E. , Ritter A. , Rubin A. , Savchenko V. , Sollerman J. , Svinkin D. S. , Taddia F. , Vreeswijk P. , Wozniak P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wide-field surveys are discovering a growing number of rare transients whose physical origin is not yet well understood. Here we present optical and UV data and analysis of intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) 16asu, a luminous, rapidly evolving, high-velocity, stripped-envelope supernova (SN). With a rest-frame rise time of just four days and a peak absolute magnitude of

mag, the light curve of iPTF 16asu is faster and more luminous than that of previous rapid transients. The spectra of iPTF 16asu show a featureless blue continuum near peak that develops into an SN Ic-BL spectrum on the decline. We show that while the late-time light curve could plausibly be powered by 56Ni decay, the early emission requires a different energy source. Nondetections in the X-ray and radio strongly constrain the energy coupled to relativistic ejecta to be at most comparable to the class of low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We suggest that the early emission may have been powered by either a rapidly spinning-down magnetar or by shock breakout in an extended envelope of a very energetic explosion. In either scenario a central engine is required, making iPTF 16asu an intriguing transition object between superluminous SNe, SNe Ic-BL, and low-luminosity GRBs.
Mechanism of Atomic Hydrogen Addition Reactions on np-ASW
Authors: He Jiao , Emtiaz Shahnewaj M. , Vidali Gianfranco 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hydrogen, being the most abundant element, is the driver of many if not most reactions occurring on interstellar dust grains. In hydrogen atom addition reactions, the rate is usually determined by the surface kinetics of the hydrogen atom instead of the other reaction partner. Three mechanisms exist to explain hydrogen addition reactions on surfaces: Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Eley–Rideal, and hot-atom. In gas-grain models, the mechanism that is assumed greatly affects the simulation results. In this work, we quantify the temperature dependence of the rates of atomic hydrogen addition reactions by studying the reaction of H+O3

O2+OH on the surface of a film of non-porous amorphous solid water (np-ASW) in the temperature range from 10 to 50 K. The reaction rate is found to be temperature independent. This disagrees with the results of simulations with a network of rate equations that assume Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism through either thermal diffusion or tunneling diffusion; the reaction rates assuming such a mechanism possesses a strong temperature dependence, either explicitly or implicitly, that is not seen experimentally. We suggest that the Eley–Rideal and/or hot-atom mechanism play a key role in hydrogen atom addition reactions, and should be included in gas-grain models. We also suggest that our newly developed time-resolved reactive scattering can be utilized to measure the chemical desorption efficiency in grain surface reactions.
Neutron Production in Solar Flares by Reactions of Accelerated 3He
Authors: Murphy R. J. , Kozlovsky B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Previously, we showed that 3He is enhanced in the ion population accelerated in large solar flares, with a 3He/4He ratio of >0.1; i.e., several orders of magnitude larger than the accepted coronal value. We also showed that when 3He is enhanced, its nuclear reactions with elements of the solar atmosphere can significantly impact both positron production (and the subsequent positron-annihilation line) and the gamma-ray de-excitation-line spectrum. Both the 2.223 MeV neutron-capture line and escaping neutrons are important additional flare observables. Neutron production from reactions of 3He with heavy elements of the solar atmosphere are not currently included in our neutron-production code, and the reliable and consistent analysis of all available solar-flare data requires that neutron-production calculations include these reactions. We evaluate the neutron-production cross sections for these reactions and include them in the code. We then explore how the neutron observables (the escaping-neutron yield and spectrum and the flux of the neutron-capture line) are affected by 3He reactions. We find that neutron production by accelerated 3He reactions with heavy elements is similar to that by accelerated 4He and so will be significant only for accelerated 3He/4He ratios greater than 1.
On a Small-scale EUV Wave: The Driving Mechanism and the Associated Oscillating Filament
Authors: Shen Yuandeng , Liu Yu , Tian Zhanjun , Qu Zhining 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present observations of a small-scale extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave that was associated with a mini-filament eruption and a GOES B1.9 micro-flare in the quiet-Sun region. The initiation of the event was due to the photospheric magnetic emergence and cancellation in the eruption source region, which first caused the ejection of a small plasma ejecta, then the ejecta impacted a nearby mini-filament and thereby led to the filament’s eruption and the associated flare. During the filament eruption, an EUV wave at a speed of

182
–
317

km

s

−
1

was formed ahead of an expanding coronal loop, which propagated faster than the expanding loop and showed obvious deceleration and reflection during the propagation. In addition, the EUV wave further resulted in the transverse oscillation of a remote filament whose period and damping time are 15 and 60 minutes, respectively. Based on the observational results, we propose that the small-scale EUV wave should be a fast-mode magnetosonic wave that was driven by the expanding coronal loop. Moreover, with the application of filament seismology, it is estimated that the radial magnetic field strength is about 7 Gauss. The observations also suggest that small-scale EUV waves associated with miniature solar eruptions share similar driving mechanisms and observational characteristics with their large-scale counterparts.
Detection of Two TeV Shell-type Remnants at GeV Energies with FERMI LAT: HESS J1731-347 and SN 1006
Authors: Condon B. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Acero F. , Katagiri H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We report the first high-significance GeV γ-ray detections of supernova remnants HESS J1731−347 and SN 1006, both of which have been previously detected by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes above 1 TeV. Using 8 years of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data at energies between 1 GeV and 2 TeV, we detect emission at the position of HESS J1731−347 with a significance of

and a spectral index of

. The hardness of the index and the good connection with the TeV spectrum of HESS J1731−347 support an association between the two sources. We also confirm the detection of SN 1006 at

with a spectral index of

. The northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) limbs of SN 1006 were also fit separately, resulting in the detection of the NE region (

) and the non-detection of the SW region. The significance of different spectral components for the two limbs is

, providing first indications of an asymmetry in the GeV γ-ray emission.
Jet Precession Driven by a Supermassive Black Hole Binary System in the BL Lac Object PG 1553+113
Authors: Caproni Anderson , Abraham Zulema , Motter Juliana Cristina , Monteiro Hektor 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The recent discovery of a roughly simultaneous periodic variability in the light curves of the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 at several electromagnetic bands represents the first case of such odd behavior reported in the literature. Motivated by this, we analyzed 15 GHz interferometric maps of the parsec-scale radio jet of PG 1553+113 to verify the presence of a possible counterpart of this periodic variability. We used the Cross-entropy statistical technique to obtain the structural parameters of the Gaussian components present in the radio maps of this source. We kinematically identified seven jet components formed coincidentally with flare-like features seen in the γ-ray light curve. From the derived jet component positions in the sky plane and their kinematics (ejection epochs, proper motions, and sky position angles), we modeled their temporal changes in terms of a relativistic jet that is steadily precessing in time. Our results indicate a precession period in the observer’s reference frame of 2.24 ± 0.03 years, compatible with the periodicity detected in the light curves of PG 1553+113. However, the maxima of the jet Doppler boosting factor are systematically delayed relative to the peaks of the main γ-ray flares. We propose two scenarios that could explain this delay, both based on the existence of a supermassive black hole binary system in PG 1553+113. We estimated the characteristics of this putative binary system that also would be responsible for driving the inferred jet precession.
Standardized spider (Arachnida, Araneae) inventory of Hankoniemi, Finland
Authors: Cardoso Pedro , Heikkinen Lea , Jalkanen Joel , Kohonen Minna , Leponiemi Matti , Mattila Laura , Ollonen Joni , Ranki Jukka-Pekka , Virolainen Anni , Zhou Xuan , Pajunen Timo 
Published: December 2017

During a field course on spider taxonomy and ecology at the University of Helsinki, the authors had the opportunity to sample four plots with a dual objective of both teaching on field methods, spider identification and behaviour and uncovering the spider diversity patterns found in the southern coastal forests of Hankoniemi, Finland. As an ultimate goal, this field course intended to contribute to a global project that intends to uncover spider diversity patterns worldwide. With that purpose, a set of standardised methods and procedures was followed that allow the comparability of obtained data with numerous other projects being conducted across all continents.
A total of 104 species and 1997 adults was collected. Of these, 41 species (39%) were Linyphiidae and 13 (12%) Theridiidae. All other families had 6 or less species represented. Linyphiidae were also dominant in terms of adult individuals captured, with 1015 (51%), followed by 428 (21%) Lycosidae, 158 (8%) Tetragnathidae and 145 (7%) Theridiidae. All other families had less than 100 individuals. The most abundant species were Neriene peltata, Alopecosa taeniata, Piratula hygrophila and Dismodicus elevatus, all with more than 100 individuals. All sites had between 56 and 62 species and between 445 and 569 individuals.
Choroidal Thickness Change in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Eliwa Tamer F. , Hegazy Omnia S. , Mahmoud Safaa S. , Almaamon Tarek 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in diabetic macular edema (DME) and its relationships.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
One hundred and six eyes were included in this prospective, nonrandomized case control study. They were divided into 37 cases of healthy, normal subjects and 69 cases of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with DME. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was done for all cases and analyzed to measure SFCT and central foveal thickness (CFT).

RESULTS:

The SFCT was significantly thinner in the DME group (193.4 μm) than in the control group (282.6 μm) (
P
= .001). In the DME group, SFCT was significantly related to CFT and vision (
P
< .05). The cutoff point for the relationship between SFCT and vision was 228 μm below the point at which vision is affected.

CONCLUSIONS:
DME is associated with a significant decrease in SFCT. SFCT is directly related to vision and foveal thickness, but it is inversely correlated to age.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:970–977.]
Intestinal Inflammation-Mediated Clearance of Amebic Parasites Is Dependent on IFN-γ
Authors: Shimokawa Chikako , Senba Masachika , Kobayashi Seiki , Kikuchi Mihoko , Obi Seiji , Olia Alex , Hamano Shinjiro , Hisaeda Hajime 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Intestinal amebiasis is a major cause of diarrhea. However, research on host–amebae interactions has been hampered owing to a lack of appropriate animal models. Recently, a mouse model of intestinal amebiasis was established, and using it, we reported that Entamoeba moshkovskii colonized the intestine in a manner similar to that of the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. In this study, we evaluated the protective mechanisms present against amebae using this model. CBA/J mice infected with E. histolytica had a persistent infection without apparent symptoms. In contrast, E. moshkovskii–infected mice rapidly expelled the ameba, which was associated with weight loss, diarrhea, and intestinal damage characterized by apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Expression of NKG2D on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and IFN-γ–producing cells in Peyer’s patches were significantly induced after infection with E. moshkovskii but not with E. histolytica. IFN-γ–deficient mice infected with E. moshkovskii showed no obvious symptoms. Notably, none of these mice expelled E. moshkovskii, indicating that IFN-γ is responsible not only for intestinal symptoms but also for the expulsion of amebae. Furthermore, apoptosis of IECs and expression of NKG2D on IELs observed in E. moshkovskii–infected mice did not occur in the absence of IFN-γ. In vivo blocking of NKG2D in mice infected with E. moshkovskii enabled ameba to survive longer and remarkably reduced apoptotic IECs. Our results clearly demonstrate a novel protective mechanism exerted by IFN-γ against intestinal amebae, including induction of cytotoxicity of IELs toward IECs.
Deficiency of the AIM2–ASC Signal Uncovers the STING-Driven Overreactive Response of Type I IFN and Reciprocal Depression of Protective IFN-γ Immunity in Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Yan Shanshan , Shen Hongbo , Lian Qiaoshi , Jin Wenlong , Zhang Ronghua , Lin Xuan , Gu Wangpeng , Sun Xiaoyu , Meng Guangxun , Tian Zhigang , Chen Zheng W. , Sun Bing 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The nucleic acids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be detected by intracellular DNA sensors, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), which results in the release of type I IFN and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. However, whether cross-talk occurs between AIM2–IL-1β and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–type I IFN signaling upon M. tuberculosis infection in vivo is unclear. In this article, we demonstrate that mycobacterial infection of AIM2−/− mice reciprocally induces overreactive IFN-β and depressive IFN-γ responses, leading to higher infection burdens and more severe pathology. We also describe the underlying mechanism whereby activated apoptosis-associated speck-like protein interacts with a key adaptor, known as stimulator of IFN genes (STING), and inhibits the interaction between STING and downstream TANK-binding kinase 1 in bone marrow–derived macrophages and bone marrow–derived dendritic cells, consequently reducing the induction of type I IFN. Of note, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein expression is inversely correlated with IFN-β levels in PBMCs from tuberculosis patients. These data demonstrate that the AIM2–IL-1β signaling pathway negatively regulates the STING–type I IFN signaling pathway by impeding the association between STING and TANK-binding kinase 1, which protects the host from M. tuberculosis infection. This finding has potential clinical significance.
Collegiate Athletic Trainers' Knowledge of the Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
Authors: Kroshus Emily , DeFreese J. D. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: December 2017

Context: The female athlete triad (Triad) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) specify the consequences of energy imbalance. Athletic trainers (ATs) are positioned to identify athletes who are fueling themselves inadequately and experiencing related health and performance consequences.Objective: To assess the knowledge of collegiate ATs about the Triad and RED-S and to examine variability in related screening and referral behaviors among National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Collegiate athletic training departments.Patients or Other Participants: Head ATs at National Collegiate Athletic Association member institutions (n = 285, response rate = 33%).Main Outcome Measure(s): An electronic survey was administered. The number of Triad components that were correctly identified and screening and referral behaviors related to Triad components were measured.Results: Nearly all respondents (98.61% [n = 281]) had heard of the Triad; a smaller proportion (32.98% [n = 94]) had heard of RED-S. On average, respondents correctly identified 2 components of the Triad. We observed differences by sex, with women correctly identifying more components than men (U = 12.426, P = .003). More than half (59.93% [n = 163]) indicated that athletes at their institutions were screened for eating disorders. Nearly three-quarters (70.55% [n = 115]) of respondents indicated that all female athletes at their institutions were screened annually for menstrual dysfunction. More comprehensive referral behaviors for athletes identified as experiencing menstrual dysfunction or a bone injury (eg, athlete referred to a nutritionist, dietitian, or counselor) occurred at Division I institutions than at Division II and III institutions.Conclusions: Continuing education for ATs about the Triad and RED-S may encourage a more comprehensive approach to referral and screening after a diagnosis of menstrual dysfunction or bone-stress injury. Using institutional opportunities, such as preparticipation screening, for identifying components of the Triad or RED-S and specifying protocols for referring athletes who screen positive for 1 of these components should also be explored.
The Organizational Climate in Collegiate Athletics: An Athletic Trainer's Perspective
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. 
Published: December 2017

Context:
An organizational climate is largely based on an employee's perceptions of the working conditions in which he or she engages regularly. A multifaceted concept, the organizational climate is often formed by perceptions of employee welfare, rewards, and support. Achieving work-life balance is also a part of the climate.

Objective:
To learn collegiate athletic trainers' perceptions of organizational climate and specifically how it may pertain to their work-life balance.

Design:
Phenomenologic study.

Setting:
Collegiate practice setting.

Patients or Other Participants:
Thirty athletic trainers working in the collegiate athletics setting took part in 1-on-1 phone interviews. The participants were 30.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 7.75) years old and had been certified for 7 (IQR = 5) years and at their current position for 4 (IQR = 3) years.

Data Collection and Analysis:
Participants completed a phone interview that followed a semistructured framework. All transcribed interviews were analyzed using a phenomenologic approach. Researcher triangulation, expert review, and data saturation were used to establish credibility.

Results:
Athletic trainers working in the collegiate athletics setting who had positive perceptions of their work-life balance described their organizational climate as family friendly. Our participants' supervisors allowed for autonomy related to work scheduling, which provided opportunities for work-life balance. These athletic trainers believed that they worked in a climate that was collegial, which was helpful for work-life balance. In addition, the importance of placing family first was part of the climate.

Conclusions:
The perceptions of our participants revealed a climate of family friendliness, supervisor support, and collegiality among staff members, which facilitated the positive climate for work-life balance. The mindset embraced the importance of family and recognized that work did not always have to supersede personal priorities.
Estruturação ofensiva no voleibol masculino de alto nível: análise em função da zona do ataque
Authors: Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira , Maia Mariana Pereira , Capuzzo Juliano , Evangelista Breno Ferreira de Britto , Freire Auro Barreiros , Nora Fernanda Grazielle da Silva Azevedo , Campos Mário Hebling , Ugrinowitsch Herbert 
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n5p611 The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between variables of the game on the offensive structure from the zone in which attack is performed in high-level Men’s volleyball. The sample was composed by 12 teams, with the analysis of 142 games, which totalized 19,545 reception, set and attack actions. Data analyses were run with descriptive statistic and the qui-quadratic test for searching association between the variables. The results showed association between tempo of attack and attack effect, type of attack and attack zone and attack zone and tempo of attack and attack effect. It was concluded that Brazilian teams underuse backcourt attacks, and the offensive structure accomplished through the faster game, which is mainly important on attacks carried out in positions 2, 3 and 4. Furthermore, the reception quality proved to be the precursor factor in the construction of attack. It was also observed that there was no 1st tempo of attacks from the backcourt, indicating that it is necessary to change the type of game, specifically with the increment of the speed of sets conducted by the backcourt.
Somatotipo, composição corporal e desempenho em ultramaratona
Authors: Belli Taisa , Meireles Cláudio Luiz de Souza , Costa Mônica De Oliveira , Ackermann Marco Aurélio , Gobatto Claudio Alexandre 
Published: December 2017

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p127 This study aimed to characterize somatotype, analyze anthropometric indicators associated with body composition during the race and verify possible relationships with the performance of athletes in a 217-km ultramarathon. For this, ten male volunteers (42.8 ± 3.5 years; 171.4 ± 1.9 cm height, 70.7 ± 3.1 kg body mass; 15 ± 3 years of running exercise) performed a critical velocity (CV) test one week before the competition and were submitted to anthropometric measurements before, at 84 km of the race and at the end of the race. Volunteers finished the race in 46.8 ± 3.4 h (4.9 ± 0.4 km / h; 33.4 ± 1.8% CV). Mean values equivalent to somatotype components accounted for 3.4 ± 0.4 for endomorphy, 5.2 ± 0.4 for mesomorphy and 1.7 ± 0.3 for ectomorphy. Body mass, body mass index, fat-free mass and chest circumference decreased (P <0.05) after 84 and 217 km compared to baseline. Pre-race values of thigh skinfold thickness (R = 0.79) and waist circumference (R = 0.64) were significantly correlated (P <0.05) with final race time. Thus, we concluded that ultramarathoners had mean endo-mesomorph somatotype and reductions in both body mass and fat-free mass during and after the race. Furthermore, the results suggest that increased body fat deposits concentrated in the lower limbs and abdominal region may have a negative impact on the performance of the athletes in 217-km ultramarathon.