bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Dynamics in “Trophy” Sizes of Pelagic and Coastal Pelagic Fishes among California Recreational Fisheries (1966–2013)
Authors: Bellquist Lyall F. , Graham Jeffrey B. , Barker Amanda , Ho Jason , Semmens Brice X. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn California, recreational fisheries contribute a significant amount to coastal economies, with pelagic and coastal pelagic species constituting a principal set of target species during summer and fall. Although traditional catch frequency (landings) data sets exist for these species, size‐specific information is limited, especially for the largest size‐classes. We digitized weekly records of trophy catch reported in the “Whoppers of the Week” section of the Western Outdoor News, a California fishing and hunting newspaper published since 1953. The resulting database contained catch records that described the largest fish caught at each sportfishing landing site along the California coast during 1966–2013. We then assessed the temporal dynamics in trophy size of the top‐15 pelagic and coastal pelagic species, with a combined total of 21,440 individual catch records. Among the 15 pelagic and coastal pelagic species examined, the Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares and Striped Bass Morone saxatilis were the only species that showed clear long‐term declines in trophy size over the study period, whereas the Pacific Bluefin Tuna Thunnus orientalis, White Seabass Atractoscion nobilis, and Yellowtail Jack Seriola lalandi exhibited long‐term increases in size. In general, the trophy sizes of pelagic species were more variable than those of coastal pelagic species and were not as consistently correlated with oceanographic conditions; both findings likely reflect the fact that oceanography drives the availability but not necessarily the size of pelagic species catch. In contrast, coastal pelagic species demonstrated trends in trophy sizes that were more consistently responsive to both oceanography and fisheries management. Our results suggest that oceanographic processes, natural history characteristics, fishing, and fisheries regulations each play a role in trophy size dynamics, but their relative influences vary among species.Received December 12, 2015; accepted April 26, 2016Published online August 3, 2016
Determination of residual stresses in welded components by finite element analysis
Authors: Bate S. , Smith M. 
Published: August 2016

The continued safe and reliable operation of plant invariably has to consider the assessment of defects in welded structural components. This requires some estimate of the residual stresses that have developed during the welding fabrication process. There is an increasing use of computational weld mechanics to evaluate residual stresses and this paper describes the development of guidelines for using finite element analysis, which are now incorporated into the EDF Energy R6 defect assessment procedure, to determine stresses for use in the procedure. Prior to use in assessment the predicted results should be validated by comparison with measurements and the guidelines provide advice on the differing standards of validation which may be applied including the manufacture and testing of validation mock-ups. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Measurement, modelling and mitigation of residual stress.
Aspartate kinase involved in 4-hydroxy-3-nitrosobenzamide biosynthesis in Streptomyces murayamaensis
Authors: Tsujimoto Mai , Yoshida Ayako , Shimizu Tetsu , Tomita Takeo , Ohnishi Yasuo , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Nishiyama Makoto 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Streptomyces murayamensis carries two aspartate kinase (AK) genes: one for the biosynthesis of lysine, threonine, and methionine, and the other (nspJ) contained in the biosynthetic gene cluster for the secondary metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrosobenzamide, for catalyzing the first reaction. AKs involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids are often regulated allosterically by the end products. In the present study, we characterized NspJ to investigate whether AKs involved in secondary metabolism were also allosterically regulated. NspJ was in α2β2 and (α2β2)2 heterooligomeric forms, and was insensitive to all the compounds tested including lysine, threonine, and methionine. The reduction in the activity following the removal of ammonium sulfate, which induced subunit dissociation, suggests that the β subunit may be involved in stabilizing the structure of the α subunit in order to exhibit its activity. This study has provided the first example of a feedback-insensitive α2β2-type AK, which is involved in the secondary metabolism.
On the discrete logarithm problem in finite fields of fixed characteristic
Authors: Granger Robert , Kleinjung Thorsten , Zumbrägel Jens 
Published: August 2016

For

q
q

a prime power, the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) in

F

q

\mathbb {F}_{q}

consists of finding, for any

g
∈

F

q

×

g \in \mathbb {F}_{q}^{\times }

and

h
∈
⟨
g
⟩

h \in \langle g \rangle

, an integer

x
x

such that

g
x

=
h

g^x = h

. We present an algorithm for computing discrete logarithms with which we prove that for each prime

p
p

there exist infinitely many explicit extension fields

F

p
n

\mathbb {F}_{p^n}

in which the DLP can be solved in expected quasi-polynomial time. Furthermore, subject to a conjecture on the existence of irreducible polynomials of a certain form, the algorithm solves the DLP in all extensions

F

p
n

\mathbb {F}_{p^n}

in expected quasi-polynomial time.
Has invasive management for acute coronary syndromes become more ‘risk-appropriate’: pooled results of five Australian registries
Authors: Halabi Amera , Chew Derek P. , Horsfall Matthew , Hyun Karice , MacIsaac Andrew , Juergens Craig , Amerena John , Rankin Jamie , French John , Brieger David 
Published: August 2016

Background
Despite being recommended in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) guidelines, the use of invasive management within specific risk groups continues to be debated. This study examines the change in the use of invasive management in ACS by patient risk and the associated change in mortality within Australia over the last 17 years.

Methods
Pooled cohorts derived from five ACS registries (ACACIA, CONCORDANCE, GRACE, Snapshot-ACS, and Predict) spanned from 1999 to 2015. After excluding patients without a final diagnosis of ACS (n = 4460), enrolled outside Australia (n = 1477) and without an enrolling year (n = 4), 15 912 patients were analysed. Data was stratified across three time periods (1999–2004, 2005–2009, and 2010–2015) using clinical risk characteristics (age, ACS diagnosis, biomarker elevation, and GRACE score) to monitor change in practice.

Results
Over the 17-year period, the use of invasive management increased (4073/6863 (59.3%) cases [1999–2009] vs. 6670/8706 (76.6%) cases [2010–2015]). Invasive management accounted for improvements in mortality in intermediate- and high-risk groups (intermediate risk: 14% (95% CI 1–66%) [1999–2009] vs. 49% (95% CI 2–59%) [2010–2015]; high risk: 24% (95% CI 6–42%) [1999–2009] vs. 48% (95% CI 19–76%) [2010–2015]). Patients receiving no angiography compared with interventional management had worse outcomes (1999–2004 1.55 HR [95% CI 1.36–1.80], P &lt; 0.0001 vs. 2010–2015 1.90 HR [95% CI 1.45–2.51], P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Clinical practice in ACS has changed over the last 17 years with positive outcomes seen with invasive management among high-risk patients. Unfortunately, a considerable burden of mortality remains in patients managed medically, highlighting a need for more focused strategies that improve care and outcomes in this group.
One tagger, many uses: Illustrating the power of ontologies in dictionary-based named entity recognition
Authors: Jensen Lars Juhl 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAutomatic annotation of text is an important complement to manual annotation, because the latter is highly labour intensive. We have developed a fast dictionary-based named entity recognition (NER) system and addressed a wide variety of biomedical problems by applied it to text from many different sources. We have used this tagger both in real-time tools to support curation efforts and in pipelines for populating databases through bulk processing of entire Medline, the open-access subset of PubMed Central, NIH grant abstracts, FDA drug labels, electronic health records, and the Encyclopedia of Life. Despite the simplicity of the approach, it typically achieves 80–90% precision and 70–80% recall. Many of the underlying dictionaries were built from open biomedical ontologies, which further facilitate integration of the text-mining results with evidence from other sources.
Experimental estimation of the effects of all amino-acid mutations to HIV Env
Authors: Haddox Hugh K. , Dingens Adam S. , Bloom Jesse D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHIV is notorious for its capacity to evade immunity and anti-viral drugs through rapid sequence evolution. Knowledge of the functional effects of mutations to HIV is critical for understanding this evolution. HIV’s most rapidly evolving protein is its envelope (Env). Here we use deep mutational scanning to experimentally estimate the effects of all amino-acid mutations to Env on viral replication in cell culture. Most mutations are under purifying selection in our experiments, although a few sites experience strong selection for mutations that enhance HIV’s growth in cell culture. We compare our experimental measurements of each site’s preference for each amino acid to the actual frequencies of these amino acids in naturally occurring HIV sequences. Our measured amino-acid preferences correlate with amino-acid frequencies in natural sequences for most sites. However, our measured preferences are less concordant with natural amino-acid frequencies at surface-exposed sites that are subject to pressures absent from our experiments such as antibody selection. We show that some regions of Env have a high inherent tolerance to mutation, whereas other regions (such as epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies) have a significantly reduced capacity to tolerate mutations. Overall, our results help disentangle the role of inherent functional constraints and external selection pressures in shaping Env’s evolution.
Work-based cognitive skills and economic performance in Europe
Authors: Valente Ana Cláudia , Salavisa Isabel , Lagoa Sérgio 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand further the role played by work-based cognitive skills in the growth dynamics in Europe.Design/methodology/approach– Work-based cognitive skills are studied using a factor analysis on data from the European Work Conditions Survey (Eurofound) referring to work cognitive requirements. This and other measures of education quality and quantity indicators are used to estimate growth regression models for 28 European countries, in order to test for the significance of work-based skills.Findings– The results corroborate the hypothesis that work-based cognitive skills have been a powerful predictor of economic growth over the last decades. Countries where workplaces require and foster advanced cognitive skills tend to exhibit higher economic growth.Research limitations/implications– The Eurofound Survey on work-based skills, a major source of this study, only began in 1990 so is quite recent and covers few countries.Social implications– The results indicate that the mobilisation of the full intellectual potential of workers in their work context is essential to achieve high-economic performances. Boosting workers interactive learning and autonomy should become a key policy and organisational aim.Originality/value– The authors bring a deeper approach to the way human capital is addressed by testing the relevance of work-based cognitive skills on economic performance. Hence the authors build a bridge between economic growth literature, which focuses largely on the role of formal education, and innovation studies where the emphasis is placed on the relevance of learning processes.
Teachers’ perceptions of fairness, well-being and burnout
Authors: Capone Vincenza , Petrillo Giovanna 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the validation of the Organizational Justice Index (OJI) by Hoy and Tarter (2004), a self-report questionnaire for teachers’ perceptions of fairness in the operation and administration of schools.

Design/methodology/approach
– In two studies the authors validated the Italian version of the OJI. Study 1 included 164 Italian high school teachers (76.8 percent were female) to test structure and construct validity. Study 2 involved 200 teachers (permanent and temporary teachers) to confirm the structure of the scale, test the construct and criterion validity, and invariance.

Findings
– Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the one-factor solution and that the structure of the scale was the same across teachers. Results revealed high internal reliability. The OJI correlated positively with equity, school climate, and job satisfaction, and negatively with depression and burnout.

Research limitations/implications
– Since the research approach could lead to common method variance issues, it will be important to determine the associations of OJI with non-self-report assessments.

Practical implications
– The OJI can be applied optimally to: assess potential organizational problems prior to conducting major interventions; investigate school dynamic problems; target interventions designed to enhance perception of organizational justice; incorporate evaluation of organizational justice as part of regular employee assessments.

Originality/value
– Overall findings fill the need of standardized measures of organizational justice for specific context. The OJI is a valid instrument to measure organizational justice in school, involving different type of teachers.
Exploring the moral and distributive levers for teacher empowerment in the Finnish policy culture
Authors: Paulsen Jan Merok , Hjertø Kjell Brynjulf , Tihveräinen Saku Petteri 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between school leadership practices and teacher empowerment in the Finnish policy culture. Specifically, moral leadership and distributed leadership enacted by school principals are tested in a simultaneous design as predictor to two distinct yet related aspects of teachers’ sense of empowerment, respectively, in their work domain and their classroom domain.Design/methodology/approach– The study investigated a field sample of 246 individual teachers from ten Finnish primary schools. Hypotheses were developed and tested by structural equation modeling.Findings– The results indicate that moral leadership exerted by school principals support teachers’ sense of empowerment both in work domain and classroom domain. Distributed leadership, in the meaning of sharing instructional leadership tasks with teachers, supported work domain empowerment but did not predict classroom domain teacher empowerment. Taken together, the model show the value of school principals facilitating teachers in decision-making processes paired with showing a strong moral basis in their relationship with teachers.Research limitations/implications– The study reinforces the importance of moral leadership and distributed leadership as conjoint drivers for teachers’ sense of empowerment. It would be highly valuable to replicate this study in various multi-level settings.Practical implications– The findings recommend school leaders to put emphasis on facilitative, ethical, and authentic practices in immediate relationships with their teachers.Originality/value– The study provides empirical evidence regarding the partial relationships between principal leadership practices and teacher empowerment.
Instructional leadership in Greek and English outstanding schools
Authors: Kaparou Maria , Bush Tony 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine instructional leadership (IL) in outstanding secondary schools within a centralised (Greece) and a partially decentralised (England) education context.Design/methodology/approach– Since the purpose of the study is exploratory, the researchers adopt a qualitative approach, employing a series of four qualitative case studies with the purpose of examining the impact of IL on student learning, teachers’ professional growth and school improvement, using the interpretivist paradigm. Semi-structured interviews with various data sets (stakeholders) within and outside the school, observation of leadership practices and meetings, and scrutiny of relevant macro and micro policy documents are employed to enhance methodological and respondent triangulation.Findings– Recognising that IL is not confined to the principals’ leadership domain, a sense of shared and distributed leadership prevails in schools, while its implementation is inevitably linked to system constraints. The findings from the Greek schools link to the official expectations that principals operate as administrative rather than instructional leaders, while an unofficial instructional “teacher leadership” culture suggests potential for reconsidering leadership in Greek state schools. In contrast, the decentralisation of school activities creates the platform for the emergence of shared and distributed leadership within the English context, where school actors enact direct and indirect IL roles.Originality/value– This cross-country comparative study demonstrates theoretical significance in its focus on the collaborative and reciprocal nature of IL, while its empirical contribution lies in generating new knowledge on how IL is contextually bounded.
Examination of students’ selection criteria for international education
Authors: Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Buchanan F. Robert , Ahmad Norita 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– Motivations for study abroad in tourism and hospitality were examined as to the influence of a variety of personal criteria in the individual decision process of adult learners to select a host country and host institution of study. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– Push-pull factors (Mazzarol and Soutar, 2002) formed the basic framework of inquiry. Quantitative analysis was done through primary data collection using hard copy surveys. Qualitative inquiry involved interviews with open-ended questions.

Findings
– Country attractions of the host location was the highest ranked decision criteria, followed by considerations of the educational institution.

Research limitations/implications
– Prestige and reputation of the education provider is of high value. However, greater decision influence was seen in respondents’ selection of host country for the attributes of safe and pleasant living conditions, as well as on going career opportunities locally. Sampling was cross-sectional and limited to one industry and one country. Although these are natural control variables, generalizability may be limited, and requires further study.

Originality/value
– Policymakers should be mindful of the match between the educational program and the site selection. Prestige of the school may not overcome a suboptimal location decision.
Factors predicting the US birth rate
Authors: Baghestani Hamid , Malcolm Michael 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to take a forecasting approach to examine the relationship between the US birth rate, marriage rate, and economic conditions (measured by both realized unemployment and expected unemployment). The expectation data come from the Michigan Surveys of Consumers.Design/methodology/approach– Utilizing monthly data, the authors first specify a univariate and three augmented autoregressive integrated moving average forecasting models for 1975-2001. Second, the authors use recursive estimation to generate multi-period forecasts of the birth rate for 2002-2008. Third, the authors employ standard evaluation methods to compare the predictive information content of the forecasts.Findings– First, the birth rate is pro-cyclical. Second, the marriage rate contains useful predictive information for the birth rate. Third, controlling for past information in the birth and marriage rates, both realized and expected unemployment embody useful information for predicting the birth rate. Fourth, expected unemployment is a more informative indicator than realized unemployment.Practical implications– The finding that the birth rate is pro-cyclical emphasizes the importance of economic stability in promoting childbearing, and the authors suggest counter-cyclical macroeconomic policy to shield families from major shocks. A stable economy, and especially one where families are optimistic about the future, promotes childbearing. The results also empower policymakers to analyze systematically the impact of changes to the structure of marriage on childbearing.Originality/value– This appears to be the first study that utilizes a forecasting approach to better understand the complex relationships between childbearing, marriage, and macroeconomic conditions.
The determinants of Greek bond yields: an empirical study before and during the crisis
Authors: Chionis Dionisis , Pragidis Ioannis , Schizas Panagiotis 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to uncover the determinants of the ten-year Greek bond yield in both pre- and post-crisis period that caused the unprecedented event, a country member of the Euro area, not to be able to tap the market. In doing so, following the recent literature, the authors employ two major set of variables, market driven and macroeconomic variables and the authors find two classes of results. Among others, debt to GDP ratio, deficit, inflation and unemployment, play a more significant role as determinants of the ten-years Greek bond yield during the crisis and second, the ten-years yield exceeds that fundamentals that price in. Moreover, the authors explicitly test for the impact of speculation on the yield. These results are in line with other empirical studies and shed line to the dramatic evolution of the bond yields in terms of fiscal consolidation era as it is in Greece. Since the Greek debt crisis is ongoing more than five years, policy makers should make substantial changes in their macro projections taking under consideration more the variables of inflation and unemployment, and release a viable concrete plan of debt relief, which among other, secures the success of the macro projections.Design/methodology/approach– Empirical study on Greek debt crisis applying both macroeconomics and market indicators in separated estimations.Findings– Debt to GDP ratio, deficit, inflation and unemployment among others, play a more significant role as determinants of the ten-years Greek bond yield during the crisis than had before and second, during the crisis ten-years yield is above the price that fundamentals would imply.Originality/value– To the best of the authors’ knowledge it is the first time that the authors study the Greek debt crisis applying fundamental and market factors.