bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0.6‐V 2.1‐mW RF receiver based on passive mixing and master–slave common‐mode rejection technique in 65 nm CMOS
Authors: Chen Chao , Wu Jianhui 
Published: January 2016

A 0.6‐V 2.1‐mW RF receiver with regular threshold transistors is presented. A passive mixer which is built on low‐power current‐buffer is designed to build the RF front‐end. A master–slave operational trans‐conductance amplifier (OTA) structure which provides sufficient common‐mode rejection ratio (CMRR) by auto‐adjusting the gate of the triode‐region biased tail current source is proposed as the building block of the intermediate‐frequency (IF) modules. The proto‐type of the RF receiver is designed and fabricated in Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) 65 nm CMOS process. The measurement indicates that the receiver covers a bandwidth from 1 to 1.5 GHz, achieving a voltage gain of 32 dB and a noise figure (NF) of 10 dB.
Fast sampling DCO for 2.4 GHz wake‐up receiver
Authors: Jain S. , Ellinger F. , Tchamov N.T. 
Published: January 2016

This Letter reports an active inductor digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) for fast switchable low power wireless wake‐up receivers. The LO output is held low when the enable pin is high and it oscillates when the enable pin goes low. The MOS transistor is used to turn on the oscillator for 200 ns (Ton) to mitigate the requirement of wake‐up receivers (Tcycle = 1 µs). To save the die area, a symmetric differential‐pair active inductor topology with 4‐bit capacitor bank is proposed. The implemented circuit has one tenth of the chip size of LC oscillator.
Kardiale Schädigungen durch Medikamente
Authors: Haen Ekkehard 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungZum Wirkmechanismus vieler Medikamente gehört die Beeinflussung vitaler Körperfunktionen über das sympathische und parasympathische System. Daneben gibt es Hypersensitivitätsreak-tionen und Reaktionen mit chemischen Radikalen, die bei der Verstoffwechselung der Medikamente entstehen. Sie können in seltenen Fällen auch das Herz schädigen. Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) am Herzen betreffen unerwünschte Wirkungen auf den Herzrhythmus, die Herzkraft, die Herzmuskelzelle und eine mögliche Minderdurchblutung des Herzens. Ihre Auswirkungen werden häufig unterschätzt, da pharmakologisch gleiche Wirkstoffe unter völlig unterschiedlichen Indikationen verordnet werden. Eine besondere Bedeutung erhalten diese Prozesse, wenn mehrere Arzneimittel miteinander kombiniert werden. Dann können sich diese Effekte zu pharmakodynamischen Arzneimittelinteraktionen addieren. Heute gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten, die helfen, solche Risiken zu erkennen und fachgerecht mit ihnen umzugehen: Datenbanken im Internet, wie PSIAConline (www.psiac.de), die Individualisierung der Therapie mit Hilfe von Wirkstoffkonzentrationsbestimmungen und klinisch-pharmakologischem Befund (www.konbest.de) und Arzneimittelinformationsdienste wie die AGATE.
Metabolic stress is a barrier to Epstein–Barr virus-mediated B-cell immortalization
Authors: McFadden Karyn , Hafez Amy Y. , Kishton Rigel , Messinger Joshua E. , Nikitin Pavel A. , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Luftig Micah A. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was the first human tumor virus discovered. Although nearly all adults are infected with EBV, very few go on to develop disease, for reasons that we are only beginning to understand. Infection with EBV induces a period of very rapid cell division, which requires an increased supply of metabolites, such as nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids. We found that EBV-infected cells that are unable to meet this increased metabolic demand are forced to stop proliferating and undergo a permanent growth arrest called senescence.
Mode of action and resistance studies unveil new roles for tropodithietic acid as an anticancer agent and the γ-glutamyl cycle as a proton sink
Authors: Wilson Maxwell Z. , Wang Rurun , Gitai Zemer , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
The roseobacter constitute nearly 25% of marine bacteria in coastal areas. They have been shown to produce a potent antibiotic, tropodithietic acid (TDA), which confers far-reaching aquacultural and ecological benefits. We have examined the mode of action of TDA using a number of methods including bacterial cytological profiling. Surprisingly, TDA clusters with molecules that are structurally unrelated and highly cytotoxic. Subsequent screens demonstrate that, aside from its antibacterial activity, TDA is also a potent, broad-range, and potentially useful anticancer agent. Our studies highlight the power of profiling methods in repurposing bioactive compounds, reveal the mode of action of the unusual troponoid TDA, and uncover a previously unknown link between two metabolic cycles, which together provide TDA resistance to the producing roseobacter.
Recruitment of A20 by the C-terminal domain of NEMO suppresses NF-κB activation and autoinflammatory disease
Authors: Zilberman-Rudenko Jevgenia , Shawver Linda Monaco , Wessel Alex W. , Luo Yongquan , Pelletier Martin , Tsai Wanxia Li , Lee Younglang , Vonortas Spiridon , Cheng Laurence , Ashwell Jonathan D. , Orange Jordan S. , Siegel Richard M. , Hanson Eric P. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Regulated activation of the NF-κB family of transcription factors is important for normal development, immune cell function, and inflammatory responses. NEMO, the NF-κB essential modulator, controls activation of the canonical IKK complex and NF-κB–mediated cellular responses, but details of how this is achieved are not fully known. Our results show that C-terminal mutations in NEMO can cause hyperactivation of inflammatory responses to Toll-like receptor and TNF ligands through impaired recruitment of the negative NF-κB regulator A20/TNFAIP3. Our results help to explain the inflammatory symptoms in patients harboring these NEMO mutations. Furthermore, our findings suggest that targeting this molecular interaction by enhancing A20 expression or its recruitment to the NEMO C-terminus may be a therapeutic strategy for human inflammatory disease.
Constitutive analysis of high-temperature workability of a high-nitrogen bearing steel
Authors: Spigarelli S. , El Methedi M. , Cabibbo M. 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the hot working behaviour of X30 CrMoN 15 1 high N steel was investigated by torsion testing. A new constitutive model based on the Garofalo equation was used to describe the flow stress dependence on temperature, strain and strain rate. Adiabatic heating was accounted for in the modelling of the flow curves. An excellent description of the experimental data was obtained by the model, which suggests that in isothermal condition the flow curves are characterised by a peak, followed by a moderate softening to a steady state. The high values of the activation energy for hot working were rationalised by considering the strengthening effect of undissolved particles hindering dislocation motion. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Recent developments in bearing steels.
Word Networks in US Rural Policy Discourse
Authors: Reimer Adam , Han Yicheol , Goetz Stephan , Loveridge Scott , Albrecht Don 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRural areas in the United States face lagging economic performance, shrinking populations, and waning political influence. We analyze key words used by advocacy organizations to understand how they advance their interests and seek to influence federal rural policy discourse. We identify several clusters of discourse, including clusters centered on agriculture, environment, tax policies, and rural issues broadly. Our results indicate that agricultural issues and terms dominate rural issue dialogues beyond just farm policy. Most importantly, rural development, environmental, and food issues are framed primarily through an agricultural lens, potentially reducing the influence of nonagricultural issues in the larger rural policy discourse.
Corrosion investigation and evaluation of mechanical and structural properties of powder coatings
Authors: Koumoulos Elias P. , Kartsonakis Ioannis A , Vlachakis G , Vlachakis M , Charitidis Costas A. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to deal with the study of properties of anticorrosion powder based coatings on aluminium alloy 2024.

Design/methodology/approach
– The powder based coatings were applied to the AA2024 substrates using a spray coating technique. All the substrates were covered with a primer prior the powder based coatings. The morphology and composition of the coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. Studies on the corrosion resistance of these coatings were made using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Findings
– The results reveal that the powder based coatings together with the primer coatings demonstrate improved corrosion protection to AA2024 after exposure to corrosive environment. Moreover, the primer coating is mechanically enhanced compared to the top coating, while the top coating exhibited significant resistance to wear.

Originality/value
– The paper deals with the evaluation of corrosion and nanomechanical properties of coatings applied on aluminium alloy.
Between product development and mass production
Authors: Jalonen Meri , Ristimäki Päivi , Toiviainen Hanna , Pulkkis Anneli , Lohtander Mika 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to analyze learning in organizational transformations by focusing on concept-level tensions faced in two young companies, which were searching for a reorientation of activity with a production network between innovative product development and efficient mass production.Design/methodology/approach– An intervention-based research project was carried out with two manufacturing companies. The data originate from workshops, whose aim was to identify learning needs based on the discussion of practices of networked production. Concept-level learning is analyzed by examining the dynamic relationships between production concepts and product concepts.Findings– The most influential concept-level tension stemmed from the co-existence of two production concepts, product development and mass production, which manifested as ambiguity about proper actions in the production network. Other focal tensions were identified between the production and product concepts and within the companies’ network relationships. The dominance of the mass production concept restricted the envisioning of new modes of collaboration and mutual learning in the production network.Research limitations/implications– The workshop participants did not include representatives from the case companies’ production network. Nevertheless, researchers brought the network partners’ conceptions into the workshop discussion through the presented mirror data.Practical implications– Companies striving to develop novel production concepts that call for continuous collaboration with customers and suppliers need forums for mutual learning to create solutions to concept-level tensions.Originality/value– Companies may develop two production concepts over lengthy periods. The tensions that manifest due to incoherent guiding logics may be overcome by engaging in incremental and expansive concept-level learning, directed at the identification of relationships between production and product concepts.
Strategic entrepreneurship: mediating the entrepreneurial orientation-performance link
Authors: Kantur Deniz 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a better understanding of the relationship between firm-level entrepreneurship and organizational performance in an emerging economy through assessing the mediating influence of strategic entrepreneurship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. The extant literature on the relationship between firm-level entrepreneurship and organizational performance points to a lack of clarification of the link between real entrepreneurial events and organizational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data are collected from 324 respondents in 118 companies in four different industries. The paper adopts structural equation modeling to test the mediated relationship.

Findings
– The results show that strategic entrepreneurship fully mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance, assessed as two major categories of financial and non-financial performance.

Research limitations/implications
– The dominance of four industries in the data set limits the generalizability of the findings.

Practical implications
– Findings highlight strategic and practical implications for managers especially in emerging economies who seek to enhance competitive advantage and exploit market opportunities through entrepreneurial initiatives.

Originality/value
– The current study develops a measure of strategic entrepreneurship concept and attempts to contribute to the literature through differentiating between behavioral intentions toward entrepreneurship and real entrepreneurial events at the firm-level to serve as a step to reduce the ambiguity present in the field.
C55 bacteriocin produced by ETB‐plasmid positive Staphylococcus aureus strains is a key factor for competition with S. aureus strains
Authors: Kawada‐Matsuo Miki , Shammi Fariha , Oogai Yuichi , Nakamura Norifumi , Sugai Motoyuki , Komatsuzawa Hitoshi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTExfoliative toxin (ET) produced by Staphylococcus aureus is closely associated with the onset of bullous impetigo. To date, three ETs (ETA, ETB and ETD) have been identified. The gene encoding ETB is located in a plasmid designated pETB. Bacteriocin synthesis genes are also located in this plasmid and pETB‐positive strains reportedly produce the C55 bacteriocin. In this study, the antibacterial activity against S. aureus strains of the bacteriocin produced by the pETB‐positive strain TY4 was investigated. This bacteriocin demonstrated antibacterial activity against all pETB‐negative but not pETB‐positive strains, including TY4. Additionally, a TY4− strain from which the pETB plasmid had been deleted exhibited susceptibility to the bacteriocin. Further experiments revealed that two immunity factors (orf 46‐47 and orf 48) downstream of the bacteriocin synthesis genes in the pETB plasmid are associated with immunity against the bacteriocin produced by TY4. The TY4− with orf46‐47 strain exhibited complete resistance to bacteriocin, whereas the TY4− with orf48 strain exhibited partial resistance. Whether bacteriocin affects the proportion of each strain when co‐cultured with S. aureus strains was also investigated. When TY4 or TY4− was co‐cultured with 209P strain, which is susceptible to the bacteriocin, the proportion of 209P co‐cultured with TY4 was significantly less than when 209P was co‐cultured with TY4−, whereas the proportion of TY4− with orf46‐48 co‐cultured with TY4 was greater than with TY4−. These results suggest that the C55 bacteriocin produced by pETB‐positive strains affects the proportion of each strain when pETB‐positive and ‐negative strains co‐exist.
Conservative species drive biomass productivity in tropical dry forests
Authors: Prado‐Junior Jamir A. , Schiavini Ivan , Vale Vagner S. , Arantes Carolina S. , van der Sande Masha T. , Lohbeck Madelon , Poorter Lourens 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Forests account for a substantial part of the terrestrial biomass storage and productivity. To better understand forest productivity, we need to disentangle the processes underlying net biomass change.

We tested how above‐ground net biomass change and its underlying biomass dynamics (biomass recruitment, growth and mortality) can be explained by four alternative and contested hypotheses; the soil fertility, biomass ratio, niche complementarity and vegetation quantity hypotheses.

Above‐ground biomass dynamics were evaluated over a 5‐year period in 200 permanent sample plots in 8 tropical dry forests in Brazil, and related to soil fertility, community‐weighted mean (CWM) traits that are important for carbon storage and sequestration (wood density, specific leaf area, maximum stem diameter and deciduousness), species richness, functional diversity and initial stand biomass.

Initial stand biomass was the best predictor of all three processes of biomass dynamics, providing strong support for the vegetation quantity hypothesis. In these dry forests, the dominance of conservative species, rather than of acquisitive species, is associated with high biomass growth and storage, probably because their low specific leaf area and high wood density allow them to keep on functioning during drought stress.

Paradoxically, high soil fertility (Ca) led to low biomass productivity, probably because of nutrient imbalance.

In contrast to what is shown for controlled experiments, we found no support for niche complementarity (in terms of functional diversity or species richness) for forest productivity. Biomass storage was favoured by low‐ rather than high trait diversity, as most of the biomass is concentrated in species with large stem diameter and high wood density.

Synthesis. Biomass dynamics are mainly shaped by vegetation quantity, and then by vegetation quality, in line with the mass ratio hypothesis. Dry forests show different trait‐productivity relationships than wet forests, as stands with ‘slow’ trait values are ‘fast’ in terms of productivity. Diversity matters, but in a different way than expected; high trait diversity does not enhance productivity, but instead, does low trait diversity enhance carbon storage.
Why Are Obstetric Units in Rural Hospitals Closing Their Doors?
Authors: Hung Peiyin , Kozhimannil Katy B. , Casey Michelle M. , Moscovice Ira S. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo understand hospital‐ and county‐level factors for rural obstetric unit closures, using mixed methods.Data SourcesHospital discharge data from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Statewide Inpatient Databases, American Hospital Association Annual Survey, and Area Resource File for 2010, as well as 2013–2014 telephone interviews of all 306 rural hospitals in nine states with at least 10 births in 2010. Via interview, we ascertained obstetric unit status, reasons for closures, and postclosure community capacity for prenatal care.Study DesignMultivariate logistic regression and qualitative analysis were used to identify factors associated with unit closures between 2010 and 2014.Principal FindingsExactly 7.2 percent of rural hospitals in the study closed their obstetric units. These units were smaller in size, more likely to be privately owned, and located in communities with lower family income, fewer obstetricians, and fewer family physicians. Prenatal care was still available in 17 of 19 communities, but local women would need to travel an average of 29 additional miles to access intrapartum care.ConclusionsRural obstetric unit closures are more common in smaller hospitals and communities with a limited obstetric workforce. Concerns about continuity of rural maternity care arise for women with local prenatal care but distant intrapartum care.
Direct Dynamic Kinetic Analysis and Computer Simulation of Growth of Clostridium perfringens in Cooked Turkey during Cooling
Authors: Huang Lihan , Vinyard Bryan T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis research applied a new 1‐step methodology to directly construct a tertiary model that describes the growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked turkey meat under dynamically cooling conditions. The kinetic parameters of the growth models were determined by numerical analysis and optimization using multiple dynamic growth curves.The models and kinetic parameters were validated using independent growth curves obtained under various cooling conditions. The results showed that the residual errors (ε) of the predictions followed a Laplace distribution that is symmetric with respect to ε = 0. For residual errors, 90.6% are within ±0.5 Log CFU/g and 73.4% are ±0.25 Log CFU/g for all growth curves used for validation. For relative growth <1.0 Log CFU/g, 88.9% of the residual errors are within ±0.5 Log CFU/g, and 63.0% are within ±0.25 Log CFU/g. For relative growth of <2.0 Log CFU/g, 92.7% of the residual errors are within ±0.5 Log CFU/g, and 70.3% are within ±0.25 Log CFU/g. The scale and distribution of residual errors clearly suggests that the models and estimated kinetic parameters are reasonably accurate in predicting the growth of C. perfringens.Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the probabilities of >1.0 and 2.0 Log CFU/g relative growth of C. perfringens in the final products at the end of cooling. This probabilistic process analysis approach provides a new alternative for estimating and managing the risk of a product and can help the food industry and regulatory agencies assess the safety of cooked meat in the event of cooling deviation.
Potential of Cultivated Ganoderma lucidum Mushrooms for the Production of Supplements Enriched with Essential Elements
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Mleczek Mirosław , Niedzielski Przemysław , Siwulski Marek , Gąsecka Monika 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGanoderma lucidum is an important medicinal mushroom species and there is continuous interest in its bioactive properties. This study evaluated whether it may additionally serve as a nutritional supplement for the trace elements: selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Mushrooms were cultivated on substrates enriched with 0.1 to 0.8 mM of inorganic Se alone or in combination with Zn and/or Cu. Supplementation increased accumulation of the elements in fruiting bodies regardless of the applied cultivation model. G. lucidum demonstrated the ability to accumulate significant amounts of organic Se, maximally amounting to (i) over 44 mg/kg when the substrate was supplemented only with Se, (ii) over 20 mg/kg in the Se+Cu model, (iii) over 25 mg/kg in the Se+Zn model, and (iv) 15 mg/kg in the Se+Cu+Zn model. The accumulation of Cu and Zn steadily increased with their initial substrate concentrations. Maximum concentrations found after supplementation with 0.8 mM amounted to over 55 mg/kg (Se+Zn) and 52 mg/kg (Se+Cu+Zn) of Zn, and 29 mg/kg (Se+Cu) and over 31 mg/kg (Se+Cu+Zn) of Cu. The greater the supplemented concentration and number of supplemented elements, the lower the biomass of G. lucidum fruiting bodies. Nevertheless, it still remained high when the substrate was supplemented up to 0.4 mM with each element. These results highlight that G. lucidum can easily incorporate elements from the substrate and that, when biofortified, its dried fruiting bodies may serve as a nutritional source of these essential elements.