bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Convection and Tropical Climate Variability: Scaling of Cold Brightness Temperatures to Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Wong Sun , Teixeira João 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Changes in tropical convective events provide a test bed for understanding changes of extreme convection in a warming climate. Because convective cloud top in deep convection is associated with cold brightness temperatures (BTs) in infrared window channels, variability in global convective events can be studied by spaceborne measurements of BTs. The sensitivity of BTs, directly measured by an Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) window channel, to natural changes (the seasonal cycle and El Niño–Southern Oscillation) in tropical sea surface temperature (SST) is examined. It is found that tropical average BTs (over the ocean) at the low percentiles of their probability distributions scale with tropical average SSTs (higher SST leading to colder BTs), with the lower percentiles being significantly more sensitive to changes in SST. The sensitivity is reduced for high percentiles of BT and is insignificant for the median BT, and has similar magnitudes for the two natural changes used in the study. The regions where the lower-percentile BTs are most sensitive to SST are near the edges of the convection active areas (intertropical convergence zone and South Pacific convergence zone), including areas with active tropical cyclone activity. Since cold BTs of lower percentiles represent stronger convective events, this study provides, for the first time, global observational evidence of higher sensitivity of changes in stronger convective activity to a changing SST. This result has important potential implications in answering the key climate question of how severe tropical convection will change in a warming world.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Wet and Dry Spells over Two Urban Regions in the Western Maritime Continent
Authors: Mandapaka Pradeep V. , Qin Xiaosheng , Yat-Man Lo Edmond 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Daily rainfall data from two urban regions in Southeast Asia are analyzed to study seasonal and interannual variability of wet and dry spells. The analysis is carried out using 35 years of data from Singapore and 23 years of data from Jakarta. The frequency distribution of wet (dry) spells and their relative contribution to the total number of wet (dry) days and to the total rainfall are studied using 15 statistical indicators. At the annual scale, Singapore has a greater number of wet spells and a larger mean wet spell length compared to Jakarta. However, both cities have equal probability of extreme wet spells. Seasonal-scale analysis shows that Singapore is drier (wetter) than Jakarta during boreal winter (summer). The probability of extreme wet spells is lower (higher) for Singapore than Jakarta during boreal winter (summer). The results show a stronger contrast between Singapore and Jakarta during boreal summer. The study also examined the time series of Singapore wet and dry spell indicators for the presence of interannual trends. The results indicate statistically significant upward trends for a majority of wet spell indicators. The wet day percentage and mean wet spell length are increasing at 2.0% decade−1 and 0.18 days decade−1, respectively. Analysis of dynamic and thermodynamic variables from ERA-Interim during the study period indicates a strengthening of low-level convergence and vertical motion and an increase in specific humidity and atmospheric instability (convective available potential energy), which explain the increasing trends observed in Singapore wet spell indicators.
A Prototype Precipitation Retrieval Algorithm over Land for ATMS
Authors: You Yalei , Wang Nai-Yu , Ferraro Ralph , Meyers Patrick 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A prototype precipitation algorithm for the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) was developed by using 3-yr coincident ground radar and ATMS observations over the continental United States (CONUS). Several major improvements to a previously published algorithm for the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) include 1) considering the different footprint size of ATMS pixels, 2) calculating the uncertainty associated with the precipitation estimation, and 3) extending the algorithm to the 60°S–60°N region using only CONUS observations to construct the database. It is found that the retrieved and radar-observed rain rates agree well (e.g., correlation 0.66) and the one-standard-deviation error bar provides valuable retrieval uncertainty information. The geospatial pattern from the retrieved rain rate is largely consistent with that from radar observations. For the snowfall performance, the ATMS-retrieved results clearly capture the snowfall events over the Rocky Mountain region, while radar observations almost entirely miss the snowfall events over this region. Further, this algorithm is applied to the 60°S–60°N land region. The representative nature of rainfall over CONUS permitted the application of this algorithm to 60°S–60°N for rainfall retrieval, evidenced by the progress and retreat of the major rainbands. However, an artificially large snowfall rate is observed in several regions (e.g., Tibetan Plateau and Siberia) because of frequent false detection and overestimation caused by much colder brightness temperatures.
Efficient angle-domain common-image gathers using Cauchy-condition-based polarization vectors
Authors: Wang Xiongwen , Qian Jianliang , Wang Huazhong 
Published: March 2016

Because angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs) from reverse time migration (RTM) are capable of obtaining the correct illumination of a subsurface geologic structure, they provide more reliable information for velocity model building, amplitude-variation versus angle analysis, and attribute interpretation. The approaches for generating ADCIGs mainly consist of two types: (1) indirect approaches that convert extended image gathers into ADCIGs and (2) direct approaches that first obtain propagating angles of wavefronts and then map the imaging result to the angle domain. In practice, however, generation of ADCIGs usually incurs high computational cost, poor resolution, and other drawbacks. To generate efficient ADCIGs using RTM methods, we have introduced a novel approach to obtain polarization vectors — directions of particle motion — from the Cauchy wavefield (CWF) and an efficient localized plane-wave decomposition algorithm to implement the angle-domain imaging condition. The CWF is a wavefield constructed from the Cauchy condition of the wave equation at any given time, and it only contains negative frequencies of the original wavefield so that the polarization vector is obtained from the local CWF in the wavenumber domain. With polarization vectors at our disposal, we have further developed an efficient localized plane-wave decomposition algorithm to implement the angle-domain imaging condition. Numerical examples have indicated that the new approach is able to handle complex wave phenomenon and has advantages in illuminating subsurface structure.
Heritage Stone 1. Repair and Maintenance of Natural Stone in Historical Structures: The Potential Role of the IUGS Global Heritage Stone Initiative
Authors: Pereira Dolores , Marker Brian R. 
Published: March 2016

Natural stone has been used for millennia in many historically and culturally important structures. It inevitably undergoes weathering from natural processes and damage from human activities. Deterioration affects both ornamental features and main structural members of constructions, ultimately requiring repair and maintenance, or causing loss of the structure altogether. Stone similar to the original should generally be used for repairs, but if that is impossible a closely similar material is required. Use of inappropriate stone or treatment with incompatible mortars can be aesthetically unsightly or have structurally and financially damaging consequences. Such use typically arises because of a lack of information and awareness among commissioners and specifiers of works, along with budget constraints leading to selection of cheaper alternatives. Even some World Heritage Sites have suffered. Selected examples from Western Europe illustrate these problems. The Global Heritage Stone initiative has been launched to improve recognition of the internationally most important heritage stones, promote their proper use in construction, maintenance and repair, and to stress the need to safeguard important stone resources for future use.RÉSUMÉLa pierre naturelle a été utilisée depuis des millénaires dans de nombreuses structures importantes historiquement et culturellement. Inévitablement cette pierre s’altère sous l’effet de processus naturels et de dommages causés par les activités humaines. Cette détérioration affecte aussi bien les éléments ornementaux que les principaux éléments structuraux des constructions, ce qui, éventuellement nécessite réparation et entretien, ou alors peut entraîner la perte de la structure. Une pierre semblable à l'originale doit généralement être utilisée pour des réparations, ou alors un matériau très similaire est requis. L’utilisation d’une pierre inappropriée ou un traitement avec des mortiers incompatibles peut être esthétiquement disgracieux ou avoir des conséquences structurellement et financièrement préjudiciables. Cette utilisation erronée est typiquement le résultat d’un manque d'information et de sensibilisation des commissaires et des rédacteurs du cahier des charges, ainsi que de contraintes budgétaires conduisant au choix d’options moins coûteuses. Et même, certains sites du patrimoine mondial en ont souffert. Des exemples choisis de l'Europe de l’ouest illustrent ces problèmes. L'initiative du patrimoine mondial de la pierre de taille lancée pour améliorer la conscience à l'échelle internationale des principales pierres du patrimoine, promouvoir leur utilisation correcte dans la construction, leur entretien et leur réparation, et souligner la nécessité de préserver les ressources importantes en pierre pour les besoins à venir. Traduit par le Traducteur
A Research on relationship between organizational commitment and self respect of personnel working at domestic security services: Turkish Police Constabulary sample<p>İç Güvenlik Hizmetlerinde Çalışanların örgütsel bağlılık ile benlik saygısı arasındaki ilişki: Türk Polis Teşkilatı Örneklemi
Authors: Tavas Bekir , Öztürk Cemal 
Published: March 2016

In general definition, organizational commitment is an indicator of affiliation level of workers in an organization. Self respect is related with how individuals see themselves. Both organizational commitment and self respect are cognitive properties of individuals. For this reason there may be a relation between organizational commitment and self respect. Thus, relationship between organizational commitment and self respect for domestic security personnel were evaluated in this research.In the research, (n=422) law enforcement agency personnel working at Izmir City police department in 2015 year were subjected to survey including organizational commitment and self respect scales.According to results of the study, harmony factor among organizational commitment factors has significant difference between gender groups (p<0,05), whereas other organizational commitment factors did not showed statistically significant difference based on demographic properties (p>0,05). Correlation analysis results did not indicate a statistically significant relation between organizational commitment and self respect (p>0,05). ÖzetÖrgütsel bağlılık, en genel tanımıyla bir örgüt içerisindeki çalışanların, kendilerini o örgüte ne derece ait hissettiklerinin bir göstergesidir. Benlik saygısı ise bireylerin kendi kişiliklerini nasıl gördükleri ile ilişkilidir. Gerek örgütsel bağlılık, gerekse benlik saygısı bireylerin bilişsel özellikleridir. Bu nedenle benlik saygısı ile örgütsel bağlılık arasında ilişki olabilir. Bundan dolayı bu araştırmada, iç güvenlik hizmetleri personelinin örgütsel bağlılık ile benlik saygısı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, 2015 yılında İzmir İl Emniyet Müdürlüğü bünyesinde görev yapan (n=422) personel üzerinde algılanan örgütsel bağlılık ve benlik saygısı ölçekleri uygulanmıştır.Araştırma sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların örgütsel bağlılık boyutlarından uyum boyutu cinsiyete göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermekteyken (p<0,05), diğer örgütsel bağlılık boyutlarının gruplar arasındaki fark analizi sonuçları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir (p>0,05). Benlik saygısı puanı da yine katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermemektedir (p>0,05). Korelasyon analizi sonuçları, benlik saygısı ile örgütsel bağlılık arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkiye işaret etmemektedir (p>0,05).
PELAYANAN PASAR HARJODAKSINO DI KAWASAN PERBATASAN KOTA SURAKARTA DAN KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Ulya Himmatul , Wahyono Hadi 
Published: March 2016

<p>Kawasan perbatasan merupakan kawasan permeabel yang mudah terpengaruh oleh kewenangan, kebijakan, dan kepentingan dari dua atau lebih kawasan perbatasan. Dalam hal ini termasuk tentang pelayanan sarana publik. Pemanfaatan sarana publik lintas batas dapat terjadi karena berbagai alasan yang melatarbelakanginya. Demikian juga fenomena yang terjadi di Pasar Harjodaksino yang terletak di kawasan perbatasan Kota Surakarta dengan Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Pedagang yang berjualan di Pasar Harjodaksino tidak hanya berasal dari Kota Surakarta saja, tetapi juga dari Kabupaten Sukoharjo, khususnya Kecamatan Grogol. Untuk itu, fenomena tersebut sangat menarik untuk diteliti lebih jauh. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, dirumuskan pertanyaan penelitian yaitu bagaimana pelayanan Pasar Harjodaksino di kawasan perbatasan kota dan mengapa terjadi pelayanan lintas batas. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelayanan Pasar Harjodaksino yang terletak di kawasan perbatasan tersebut. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan strategi penelitian analisis studi kasus, sedangkan untuk metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Selanjutnya informasi tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi (content) dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis tematik. Kesimpulan dari temuan penelitian di atas adalah Pasar Harjodaksino yang dikelola oleh Pemerintah Kota Surakarta merupakan pasar lintas daerah yang melayani Kota Surakarta dan sekitarnya karena didukung oleh sifat pengelolaan yang permisif, sarana prasarana yang memadai, dan akses yang mudah.</p>
PERAN LEMBAGA LOKAL DALAM PENATAAN RUANG DI KELURAHAN NGROTO, KECAMATAN CEPU, KABUPATEN BLORA
Authors: Hidayat Andre Cahya , Manaf Asnawi 
Published: March 2016

A development that implements the concept of participation, involves the people in planning process, implementation, and also control the development program. In relation with implementation of participatory on development process, the Indonesian Government actualized it on PLP-BK program. PLP-BK is a spatial management program that implemented in rural or village. This program develops social capital in community level, particularly the established local institutions. Local institutions have an important role in the planning, implementation, control of this program, and also as a community representatives. The importance of local institutions on PLP-BK becomes the background of this research.The goal of research is to examine the role of local institutions in the implementation of PLP-BK at Ngroto Village, Cepu Sub-Regency, Blora Regency, Central Java. The goal is achieved by use a qualitative approach that called case study research. The analysis method are using qualitative description and domain analysis. The result of this research can explain the institutionalization process of spatial management in Ngroto. This process is mixing new values from the outside (i.e.spatial management) with local values in Ngroto through the roles of local institutions. The sustainability roles of local institutions is needed to achieve the result of this process, is called “pranata penataan ruang”. Therefore, the researcher give a strategy and some actions to achieve the sustainability roles of local institutions in Ngroto, are: capacity building of local empowerment agent, partnership development, and preserve some local institutions. These actions to keep ongoing the institutionalization process in community level, although PLP-BK has ended at October 2012. Thus, community self-reliance can be achieved to realize the goal of spatial management in Ngroto
PENGUJIAN BAHAN BAKAR GAS PADA MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR KARBURATOR DITINJAU DARI ASPEK TORSI DAN DAYA
Authors: Arijanto Arijanto , Saputra Topan Frans 
Published: March 2016

Bahan bakar fosil merupakan sumber energi yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terutama dibidang transportasi dan merupakan sumber energi tak terbarukan, sedangkan data yang ada didapatkan saat ini kendaraan yang beredar di Indonesia mencapai 80 juta unit dimana 85 persen jumlah tersebut merupakan sepeda motor dengan mayoritas menggunakan mesin karburator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bahan bakar bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar minyak yaitu bahan bakar gas. Pengujian dilakukan di laboratorium Fenomena Teknik Mesin Undip, menggunakan mesin Honda Supra. Dengan mengukur torsi pengereman dan komposisi gas buang menggunakan Fluid disk brake serta gas Analizer diperoleh hasil yang cukup memadai. Setelah dilakukan pengujian didapatkan bahwa torsi terbaik yang dihasilkan bahan bakar gas lpg yaitu 4,77 N.m dan blue gas 4,69 N.m pada putaran 5000 rpm. Untuk laju konsumsi bahan bakarnya pertamax lebih irit dibanding bahan bakar gas pada setiap putaran rpm ujinya. Sedangkan untuk efisiensi pada bahan bakar gas lpg tercapai 51,61 %, dan blue gas 51,46 %, serta pertamax 44,02 % pada putaran 5000 rpm
DETEKSI KERUSAKAN RODA GIGI DENGAN ANALISIS SINYAL GETARAN
Authors: Widodo Achmad , Satrijo Djoeli , Prahasto Toni 
Published: March 2016

Roda gigi adalah salah satu komponen mesin yang banyak digunakan dalam sistem transmisi daya. Roda gigi meneruskan daya dari motor melalui mekanisme kontak antar gigi-gigi pada gear dengan gigi-gigi pada pinion. Dengan mekanisme ini, diharapkan tidak terjadi slip selama proses transmisi daya berlangsung. Akibat adanya beban kontak dan kondisi operasi, kerusakan roda gigi dapat terjadi baik kerusakan permukaan seperti pitting, scoring maupun gigi patah. Kerusakan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kinerja roda gigi, timbulnya noise dan getaran yang berlebih. Oleh karena itu, deteksi dini dari kerusakan roda gigi diperlukan karena dapat mengurangi kerugian terjadinya kerusakan yang bersifat katastropik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik sinyal getaran domain waktu dan frekuensi roda gigi pada kondisi normal, aus dan patah. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan test rig roda gigi lurus dengan rasio 1:2. Data akuisisi sinyal getaran dilakukan pada putaran 1000 rpm. Analisis sinyal getaran dilakukan dengan time synchronous averaging (TSA), wavelet transform dan cepstrum. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode TSA dan wavelet mampu mendeteksi kerusakan roda gigi serta mampu menentukan lokasi relatif dari cacat roda gigi berdasarkan sudut putar. Metode cepstrum mampu mendetekasi frekuensi kerusakan roda gigi tetapi tidak bisa menentukan lokasi relatif cacat roda gigi berdasar sudut putar.
PENGAMATAN STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN KEKERASAN PADA RODA GIGI PASCA PENGERASAN PERMUKAAN MENGGUNAKAN PEMANAS INDUKSI
Authors: Ismail Rifky , Aprilitama Nizar Rahman , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto 
Published: March 2016

Pemanasan induksi merupakan proses pemanasan benda kerja menggunakan metode induksi elektromagnetik. Arus eddy yang dihasilkan dalam logam menyebabkan pemanasan pada logam. Pemanas induksi dapat digunakan dalam berbagai fungsi, antara lain pengerasan permukaan, peleburan logam, pengelasan, dan pemanasan pada temperatur yang diinginkan. Pada industri otomotif, dibutuhkan pengerasan pada permukaan beberapa komponen seperti roda gigi, katup dan cranksaft dengan tetap menjaga keuletan di bagian dalam komponen tersebut. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah roda gigi transmisi yang membutuhkan tahan aus dann sifat keras pada permukaan serta tangguh dan ulet di bagian dalam. Proses pengerasan permukaan dilakukan menggunakan alat pemanas induksi. Material yang digunakan adalah baja AISI 4140 dan baja ST60 yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam industri alat transportasi. Spesimen berbentuk gear ditempatkan di tengah koil induksi dan dipanaskan sampai suhu austenit kemudian dicelupkan ke dalam minyak pendingin dengan cepat. Percobaan terhadap 12 spesimen dibedakan oleh variasi modul roda gigi induksi, serta temperatur dan waktu penahanan. Spesimen dianalisis dengan uji komposisi kimia, uji kekerasan makro dan uji mikrografi. Hasilnya adalah peningkatan nilai kekerasan permukaan dan ketebalan pengerasan permukaan. Semakin rendah frekuensi induksi maka pengerasan yang terjadi semakin tebal dan struktur martensit semakin dominan. Alat pemanas induksi terbukti mampu meningkatkan nilai kekerasan permukaan spesimen sebesar 65 - 75 HRC dengan ketebalan 3-4 mm sesuai yang distandarkan oleh ASTM
Complete Classification of the Positive Solutions of Heat Equation with Super Critical Absorption
Authors: Gkikas Konstantinos T. , Véron Laurent 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Let . We prove that any positive solution of (E) ∂tu − Δu + uq = 0 in ℝN × (0, ∞) admits an initial trace which is a nonnegative Borel measure, outer regular with respect to the fine topology associated to the Bessel capacity in ℝN (qʹ = q/(q − 1)) and absolutely continuous with respect to this capacity. If ν is a nonnegative Borel measure in ℝN with the above properties we construct a positive solution u of (E) with initial trace ν and we prove that this solution is the unique σ-moderate solution of (E) with such an initial trace. Finally we prove that every positive solution of (E) is σ-moderate.
Non-hyperbolic Closed Characteristics on Symmetric Compact Convex Hypersurfaces in R2n
Authors: Liu Hui , Long Yiming , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, let Σ ⊂ R2n be a symmetric compact convex hypersurface. We prove that either there are infinitely many closed characteristics or there exist at least 2[n/2] nonhyperbolic closed characteristics on Σ. Due to the example of weakly non-resonant ellipsoids, this estimate is sharp when n is even. Moreover, we prove that if Σ carries exactly n closed characteristics, then at least n − 2 of them possess irrational mean indices.
Three Weak Solutions for Nonlocal Fractional Equations
Authors: Bisci Giovanni Molica , Pansera Bruno Antonio 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article concerns a class of nonlocal fractional Laplacian problems depending of three real parameters. More precisely, by using an appropriate analytical context on fractional Sobolev spaces due to Servadei and Valdinoci (in order to correctly encode the Dirichlet boundary datum in the variational formulation of our problem) we establish the existence of three weak solutions for fractional equations via a recent abstract critical point result for differentiable and parametric functionals recently proved by Ricceri.
Global Smooth Solutions for the Zakharov System with Quantum Effects in Two Space Dimensions
Authors: Gan Zaihui , Zhong Ting , Guo Boling 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We consider the Zakharov system with quantum effects in the framework of the scalar mode in two space dimensions
iEt + ΔE = nE + ΓΔ2E,
nt = −∇ · V, (ZSQ)
Vt = −∇n − ∇|E|2 + Γ∇Δn,
which is related to quantum corrections to the Zakharov system for Langmuir waves in plasma. We prove the existence and uniqueness of global smooth solutions to the Cauchy problem for (ZSQ) in the Sobolev space through making a priori integral esimates and utilizing the so-called continuity method.