bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging Public Perception and Law Enforcement in Police Accountability
Authors: Nursukma Ananda Wahyu , Rosnawati Emy 
Published: October 2024

General Background: Effective law enforcement is crucial for maintaining public trust and ensuring justice, particularly regarding police accountability in criminal acts. Specific Background: This research investigates public understanding and responses to law enforcement concerning police officers who fail to provide services. Despite the significance of reporting mechanisms, existing literature lacks comprehensive insights into the complexities and challenges involved in police reporting from the public’s perspective. Knowledge Gap: There is insufficient empirical evidence on how the public perceives and interacts with law enforcement processes, particularly in cases involving police misconduct. Aims: The study aims to analyze the dynamics of public reporting procedures related to police services and to assess the implications of these processes for improving the police system and public awareness of law enforcement. Results: Employing an empirical legal approach, the research utilizes direct observation and in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders to gather data. The findings reveal that public perceptions of police accountability are influenced by various factors, including awareness of reporting procedures and perceived efficacy of law enforcement responses. Novelty: This research offers a unique perspective by integrating empirical data to elucidate the complexities surrounding police reporting and public engagement with law enforcement. Implications: The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges within the police reporting system and highlight potential solutions for enhancing justice and order in society, thereby fostering a more transparent and effective law enforcement framework.
Highlights:

Public Perception: Examines public views on police accountability and reporting.
Research Method: Employs empirical approaches through observations and stakeholder interviews.
Improvement Solutions: Identifies challenges to enhance justice and public trust in policing.

Keywords: police accountability, law enforcement, public reporting, empirical legal approach, justice system
Foam Flood in Yates Reservoir for Improving Oil Recovery
Authors: Panda Manmath , Valdez Raul 
Published: October 2024

Summary
The Yates reservoir is a major, multibillion-barrel legacy oil reservoir in west Texas, USA, discovered in 1926. Oil production mainly comes from the San Andres formation, which is a highly fractured dolomite rock. The fractures in the reservoir provide preferential pathways for fluid flow, leading to early breakthrough of injected fluids and reduced sweep efficiency. As a result, even though a number of secondary and tertiary injection techniques have been implemented over the field’s history to improve the sweep, only a third of the original oil in place has been recovered thus far. The majority of the bypassed oil is believed to remain in the matrix.
In this paper, we describe a foam flood that has been implemented at Yates to sweep the bypassed oil in the matrix rock. Foam flooding in the Yates reservoir involves injecting a surfactant, along with the produced gas (PG) into the reservoir. The surfactant reduces the surface tension between the gas and liquid phases, creating a stable foam. This foam is then injected into the reservoir to improve oil recovery. In the case of the Yates reservoir, foam flooding can address several challenges specific to fractured carbonate reservoirs. Foam flooding helps mitigate poor sweep efficiency issue by reducing the mobility of the injected gas, forcing it to contact and displace more oil within the matrix.
An extensive laboratory program was implemented to select suitable surfactants that produce stable foam in Yates’ fluids and rock system. Several corefloods were also conducted at the reservoir conditions to evaluate the benefits of a foam flood at Yates. The coreflood results indicate that an incremental oil recovery of 13–16% can be achieved by a foam flood.
A 3D compositional simulation model around the injection pattern of Yates Field Unit (YFU) 4045 was developed to evaluate the field implementation of the foam flood at Yates. The simulation model used the foam parameters derived from the laboratory experiments. The simulation results indicated that a field pilot can be implemented to achieve improved recovery in pattern YFU 4045.
A continuous foam injection pilot was implemented for a period of 6 months by simultaneously injecting PG and surfactant solution with average concentration of 1,200 ppm that resulted in an average foam quality of 50%. Several surveillance techniques were implemented to confirm foam formation, such as setting a downhole pressure gauge and running injection profiles with and without the foam. A gas tracer was also injected to verify if gas diversion was achieved because of the foam injection.
An analysis of the pattern producer performance shows a significantly higher incremental oil recovery after the foam flood compared with the initial estimates. A dimensionless scaling technique was developed using the foam flood pilot results to expand the foam flood to other areas of the field.
Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) and Bone Involvement in a pediatric setting: Insights from FGF23 Levels
Authors: Rodari Giulia , Citterio Valeria , Ikehata Masami , Mattinzoli Deborah , Scuvera Giulietta , Grilli Federico , Profka Eriselda , Giacchetti Federico , Collini Valentina , Risio Alessandro , Cesaretti Claudia , Natacci Federica , Alfieri Carlo , Mantovani Giovanna , Giavoli Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by extremely different phenotypes, sometimes including reduced bone mass. The underlying cause of bone impairment in these patients remains poorly understood, especially in children. Previous studies in mice and single reports in NF1 patients with osteomalacia have shown elevated serum FGF23 levels. The aim of this study was to explore for the first time these results in NF1 pediatric patients to eventually provide biological insight into bone involvement in NF1.
Methods
This is an observational, cross-sectional, single-centre study evaluating FGF23/αKlotho levels, as well as other markers of bone metabolism and densitometric parameters in 31 children affected by NF1 and comparing them to 21 age- and sex-matched controls.
Results
We enrolled 31 patients with NF1(M/F 13/18; 11.7 ± 2.9 years). After correction for bone age, BMAD Z-score was<-2SDS in 5/31 patients (16.1%). No difference was found between FGF23 and αKlotho between NF1 patients and controls. No association was found between auxological, biochemical, genetic and radiological parameters and FGF23 values.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this represents the first study assessing FGF23 levels in NF1 children and its possible relationship with decreased bone mineral density. Contrarily to previous observations, no significant differences were found between NF1 patients and controls regarding FGF23 and αKlotho levels. Additionally, there was no clear association between FGF23 and bone involvement, thus suggesting that this phenomenon is not FGF23-driven or FGF23 derangements might occur later in life. Further research is needed to understand the multifactorial mechanisms and determine optimal intervention strategies.
The Guideline for Building Fair Multimodal Medical AI with Large Vision-Language Model
Authors: Yan Bo , Zeng Wenqi , Sun Yuqi , Tan Weimin , Zhou Xue , Ma Chenxi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Multimodal medical artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as superior to traditional single-modality approaches due to its ability to integrate diverse data sources, which align closely with clinical diagnostic processes. However, the impact of multimodal information interactions on model fairness remains unknown, leading to a critical challenge for equitable AI deployment in healthcare. Here, we extend fairness research to multimodal medical AI and leverage large-scale medical vision-language models (VLMs) to provide guidelines for building fair multimodal AI. Training on large and diverse datasets enables medical VLMs to discern variances across populations, thereby offering a more equitable insight compared to single data sources. Our analysis covers three key medical domains—dermatology, radiology, and ophthalmology—focusing on how patient metadata interacts with medical images to affect model fairness across dimensions such as gender, age, and skin tone. Our findings reveal that the indiscriminate inclusion of all metadata may negatively impact fairness for protected subgroups and show how multimodal AI utilizes demographic information in metadata to influence fairness. In addition, we conducted an in-depth analysis of how clinical attributes affect model performance and fairness, covering more than 20 different attributes in dermatology. Finally, we proposed a fairness-oriented metadata selection strategy using recent advancements in large medical VLMs to guide attribute selection. Remarkably, we found that the fairness correlations computed by the medical VLM closely align with our experimental results, which required over 500 GPU hours, demonstrating a resource-efficient approach to guide multimodal integration. Our work underscores the importance of careful metadata selection in achieving fairness in multimodal medical AI. We anticipate that our analysis will be a starting point for more sophisticated multimodal medical AI models of fairness.
Molecular Markers for Assisted Selection in Sclerotinia Blight and Peanut Smut Resistance
Authors: Bressano Marina , Blas Francisco J. , Rosso Melina H. , Verdini Adriana , Mary Verónica S. , Buteler Mario , Soave Sara J. , Seijo José G. , Theumer Martín G. , Robledo German 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Argentina is a global leader in peanut production, exporting over 90% of its yield to nearly 100 countries. However, soilborne diseases, particularly Sclerotinia blight and peanut smut, critically impact the sustainability of peanut agriculture. Sclerotinia blight, caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, and peanut smut, caused by Thecaphora frezzii, have led to severe economic losses with incidence rates up to 50%. Despite efforts in cultural and chemical disease management, their effectiveness is limited. Consequently, the development of resistant cultivars offers a realistic and sustainable solution. This study focuses on developing and validating KASP markers for resistance against these diseases. By adapting a rapid and cost-effective DNA extraction method, the research facilitated the genotyping of 2,575 F2 plants derived from five crosses of promising parental lines. Three KASP markers for each disease were tested, with Scl1, Scl3, and S3 showing high predictive efficiency for Sclerotinia blight and peanut smut. The study identified 265 plants carrying resistance alleles which represents 10.3% of the total tested plants. These findings highlight the potential of molecular markers in breeding disease-resistant peanut varieties, ensuring sustainable production in Argentina.
Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona
Authors: Porta Miquel , Pumarega José , Aguilar Ruth , Prieto-Merino David , Campi Laura , Rius Cristina , Villar-García Judit , Vidal Marta , Jimenez Alfons , Peña Antonio , Trasande Leonardo , Bolúmar Francisco , Moncunill Gemma , Dobaño Carlota , Gasull Magda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: There are yet no longitudinal studies investigating the influence of the basal immune state measured before the pandemic on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Objective: To investigate the specific and combined effects of personal levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins –measured in individuals’ blood 4 years before the pandemic– on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in a general population.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 240 individuals from the general population of Barcelona. Thirty cytokines and 31 immunoglobulins were quantified in prepandemic serum samples (collected in 2016-17) by high-throughput multiplex quantitative suspension array technology.
Results: Higher concentrations in 2016-17 of IL-8 and TNF-α significantly decreased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in 2020-21, whereas higher concentrations of MIP-1α were a risk factor for seropositivity. Most cytokines in mixtures with IL-8, MIP-1α, TNF-α or G-CSF were associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (all OR ≥2.0 or OR≤0.4 and p<0.05). The five individual isotype-antigen pairs more clearly associated with seropositivity were: protectively, IgG to CMV pp150, IgG to CMV pp65, and IgG to N OC43; and, increasing risk of seropositivity, IgM to CMV pp65 and IgM to EBV EA-D. The four cytokines most consistently associated with the risk of COVID-19 were also G-CSF, IL-8, TNF-α, and MIP-1α. The four isotype-antigen pairs more strongly associated with risk of COVID-19 (all protective) were IgA to CMV pp65 and N 229E, and IgG to EBV EAD and VCAp18.
Conclusions: The unique longitudinal design of this study, with measurements before and during the pandemic, provides novel knowledge on the protective and detrimental effects of specific individual cytokines and immunoglobulins, and their mixtures, on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and COVID-19.
Why Men Fare Worse: Understanding Gender Disparities in Scleroderma-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Coppi Francesca , Pagnoni Gianluca , Fedele Francesco , Paolini Matteo , de Pinto Marco , Spinella Amelia , Giuggioli Dilia , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Boriani Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study explores gender disparities in clinical outcomes in systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), focusing on cardiovascular complications, right ventricular function, and survival. By understanding these differences, we aim to guide gender-specific therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis.
Methods and Results
A retrospective, single-center analysis was conducted on 61 patients with SSc-associated PAH (52 women, 9 men) who underwent right heart catheterization. Clinical, serological, and instrumental evaluations were performed. Statistical analysis assessed differences in cardiovascular events, right ventricular function, pulmonary function, and survival. Men had a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular events (median: 2.00 vs. 1.00 in women; p = 0.031987) and more right ventricular dilation (100.00% in men vs. 44.23% in women; p = 0.002195). Although overall mortality was higher in men (88.89%) compared to women (57.69%), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.134426). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated a significant reduction in survival in men (Log Rank χ2 5.986, p = 0.014).
Conclusions
Men with SSc-associated PAH experience worse outcomes, with more frequent cardiovascular events and reduced survival. The lack of protective estrogen effects and testosterone’s negative impact on cardiac remodeling may explain these differences. These findings underscore the need for gender-specific management, including early cardiac assessments and potential hormonal modulation therapies for men. Further research is required to optimize interventions.
Optimized soil nitrogen management for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and yield in high-quality japonica rice in the Taihu Lake region
Authors: Song Yunsheng , Xie Yulin , Dong Minghui , Chen Fei , Jin Xiuliang , Hu Yajie , Gu Junrong , Chen Peifeng , Zhu Yongliang , Shi Linlin , Wang Yixiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the Taihu Lake region, excessive nitrogen (N) use in high-quality japonica rice cultivation presents sustainability and quality challenges. This study explores photosynthetic responses and yield outcomes under varying N rates, optimizing N use efficiency (NUE) and minimizing soil N surplus for sustainable high-quality rice production. Utilizing 'SuJing 4699' japonica rice, a two-year field study with N treatments ranging from 0 to 400 kg ha− 1 (increments of 80 kg ha− 1) was conducted. Measurements included dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, leaf area metrics, photosynthetic rates, and final yield determinations alongside N content, NUE, soil N surplus, and economic analysis. Optimal yields were achieved at 240 kg ha− 1 N, significantly improving photosynthetic performance and delaying chlorophyll degradation without yield gains at higher rates. This regime maximized NUE with 44.60 kg kg− 1 N recovery and 23.75 kg kg− 1 agronomic efficiency. Economic analysis supported these findings, with the highest net income and beneficial output-to-input ratios at this N level. The saturation point for yield increase was identified at a N application rate of 257.85 kg ha− 1, beyond which no significant increase in economic benefits was observed. Zero soil N surplus occurred at 127.44 kg ha− 1, highlighting a balance between environmental and economic factors. An N application rate between 240-257.85 kg ha− 1 optimizes photosynthetic efficiency, yield, and economic return in high-quality japonica rice while addressing soil N surplus concerns. This balance ensures sustainable and efficient rice production in the Taihu Lake region, aligning with environmental and agricultural sustainability objectives.
A framework for determining precipitation deficit thresholds for triggering hydrological droughts
Authors: Han Huiming , Fu Chun , Yao Siyang , Liu Yezhong , Li Gang , Zhang Chaochao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Hydrological droughts (HDs) often follow meteorological droughts (MDs), meaning that MDs can be a precursor to HDs. This relationship suggests that monitoring meteorological conditions can be an effective way to predict and issue early warnings for potential HDs. However, the development of effective early warning models has been constrained by a limited understanding of the complex dynamics of drought propagation and the absence of reliable indicators. To address this gap, We present a framework that identifies key meteorological conditions leading to HDs by improving event matching and warning indicators. This approach, which is evaluated through an analysis of HD thresholds in the upper basin of Poyang Lake, China. First, drought events are matched using propagation rules to filter out HDs not caused by precipitation deficits. Next, we identify the meteorological conditions that trigger HDs and calculate the relevant precipitation deficit indicators. Finally, we construct a precipitation deficit threshold model for HDs using a copula function to determine the thresholds that trigger various levels of HD. The results reveal several types of propagation from MDs to HDs, with one-to-one propagation being the most common. Probabilistic models effectively capture the relationship between precipitation deficit conditions and HD characteristics. Precipitation deficit thresholds rise with increasing HD levels. This framework enables managers to reduce potential HD damage by monitoring precipitation conditions and taking proactive measures.
Berberine prevents the formation of aortic dissection in C57BL/6 mice through the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell function
Authors: Wu Tongyi , Chen Ru , Ban Wuyi , Ren Chang , Bi Siwei , Gu Jun , Geng Zangjia , song lei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Aortic dissection (AD) represents a critical medical condition characterized by a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. The pathogenesis of AD is associated with the extracellular matrix degradation, phenotypic switching and the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Berberine (BBR) has demonstrated promising protective effects in various cardiovascular diseases, but its impact on AD and the underlying mechanisms remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential of BBR in reducing the development of AD and preventing the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, thereby proposing a novel therapeutic strategy for this life-threatening condition.
Methods
C57BL/6J mice and isolated VSMCs were used as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively. An AD mouse model was established through intragastric administration of β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN), and VSMC phenotypic transformation was induced by angiotensin II (Ang-II) to assess the preventative effects of BBR.
Results
BBR significantly mitigates AD in a BAPN-induced mouse model by reducing AD incidence from 80–45% and increasing survival rates from 50–70%. BBR treatment alleviates aortic dilation and improves aortic morphology, while also attenuating extracellular matrix degradation, as evidenced by reduced collagen type I and fibronectin degradation. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses reveal that BBR diminishes inflammation, as indicated by reduced IL-6 and HIF-1α expression, and mitigates oxidative stress by lowering MDA levels and enhancing SOD activity. Additionally, BBR counteracts VSMC phenotypic transformation and apoptosis, demonstrated by restored contractile protein levels and reduced caspase-3, AKT, and PI3K levels. It also inhibits VSMC proliferation, migration, and MMP expression in vitro, highlighting its protective role against AD progression.
Conclusion
BBR exhibits protective effects against BAPN-induced AD in C57BL/6J mice, highlighting its potential as a viable and innovative therapeutic option for preventing AD progression.
The Maternal and Sibling Spillover Effects in Educational Attainment
Authors: Farzana Sadia , Song Suyong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study rigorously examines educational spillovers within families using Inverse Prob- ability Weighted Regression Adjustment, Propensity Score Matching, and an innovative In- strumental Variable strategy. We find that children whose mothers have more than 12 years of schooling gain approximately 0.385 to 0.396 years of schooling, while younger siblings of firstborns with over 12 years of schooling gain 0.505 years. IV regressions further suggest that each additional year of maternal education leads to a 0.367-year increase in children’s schooling, and each additional year of firstborn’s education results in a 0.333-year gain for younger siblings. These results, robust across multiple estimation techniques, underscore the significant role of maternal and sibling education in shaping children’s outcomes. This study advances methodological approaches, enriches the literature on family influences in education, and offers new insights into the mechanisms driving educational attainment within families.
JEL classification: I21, I25, J13, J24