bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Insects on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1994
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 10 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-18 ft long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal sprays were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 5, 12, 19, 26 Apr, 3, 10, 17, 26 May, and 2 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with #3 disks and 25° cores. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gpa were applied the first four sprays (4 nozzles), 90 gpa the next two sprays (6 nozzles) and 120 gpa for the remaining three sprays (8 nozzles). Admire treatments were applied in 4 oz water/plant on 29 Mar. All control and yield data were collected on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each of ten plants on 18 Apr, 23 May, and 7 Jun. The number of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, pupae and pupal exuviae of the silverleaf whitefly were counted. Counts were totalled over all dates for analysis. On 3 May, all plots were inadvertently sprayed with a combination of Danitol 2EC and Monitor 4EC (0.2 and 0.75 lb Al/acre, respectively). On 5 May, the number of southern armyworm larvae that had been killed by the misapplication was counted on the plastic soil mulch in each plot. On 13 Jun, the numbers of leafmines and leaf rolls of the tomato pinworm were counted in a 2 min whole plant search of each plot. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 25 May and 10 Jun, separated by the presence of tomato pinworm and southern armyworm damage, counted and weighed. On the last harvest date, a maximum of 100 fruit per plot were examined and rated 1 to 4 for increasing severity of irregular ripening, a disorder associated with high populations of the silverleaf whitefly. Ratings of 3 and 4 are considered unmarketable.
Igr Evaluation Experiment I, 1994
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Collins Kate , Myers Isabelle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in 3 miniblocks, each Vi acre, of 14-yr-old trees on M 7A rootstock. Trees measured 18 ft in height and 17 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 × 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single Vi acre miniblock for each of two V71639 treatments, and half of the center Vi acre miniblock for each of a Guthion treatment and untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the tree with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 6 May (petal fall [PF]), 24 May (first cover [1C]) for Guthion only, 31 May (first cover [1C]) for V71639 only, 8 Jun (second cover [2C]) for Guthion only, 14 Jun (second cover [2C]) for V71639 only, 23 Jun (third cover [3C]) for Guthion only, 7 Jul (fourth cover [4C]), 21 Jul (fifth cover [5C]), 4 Aug (sixth cover [6C]), 18 Aug (seventh cover [7C]), and 1 Sep (eighth cover [8C]). This program resulted in a total of 8 applications in the V71639 plots and 9 applications in the Guthion plot. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Captan, Kocide, Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Streptomycin, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatment effect was evaluated by counting insects on the periphery of four single-tree replications in the center row(s) of each treatment plot periodically during the season. Control of SA was determined by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 5 terminals/tree. Effect of treatments against RLH was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves/tree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5 min period. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined by scoring injury on 100 picked apples/replication on 3 Aug and on 100 picked apples/replication plus up to 100 drop apples/replication on 21 Sep.
Insect Control on Staked Tomato, 1994
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set on 16 Jun at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set two ft apart within 20 ft rows and rows were on 10 ft centers. Single-row plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Materials were applied on 13, 20, 29 Jul, 8, 19, 29 Aug and 12 Sep with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 55-125 gpa (gpa increased as plants grew) through 7 hollow cone nozzles per row (three on each side and one overhead). The Dipel, Xentari and Mattch treatments also received the experimental aphicide RH-7988 on 8 and 29 Aug, and the Kryocide treatment received RH-7988 on 8 Aug. PA populations were monitored on 14, 21, 28 Jul, 4, 11, 19 and 31 Aug by observing 10 leaves (3rd most recently expanded leaf) per treatment and recording the number infested with &gt; 1 apterous aphid. FT were monitored twice during the season on 22 Jul and 12 Aug by counting the total number of thrips on 10 flowers per treatment (40 flowers total per 4 reps). Fruit was harvested on 22 Aug, 2, 9, 16, 23, and 28 Sep and those damaged by SB, TFW, and FT were recorded. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated using LSD (P = 0.05).
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1994
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots, 68 ft × 68 ft, were in a 3-yr-old stand of ‘Wampr’ alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a RCBD. Treatments were applied at 20 gpa on 17 Jun with a low pressure, low volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 stainless steel 8003 TeeJet nozzles operated at 35 psi. A standard treatment of Cygon 4 EC was applied at the rate of 0.25 lb (AI)/acre. PLH population densities were determined 3, 7, 10, 14 and 18 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1994
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots, 34 ft × 36 ft, were in a 1-yr-old stand of ‘Wampr’ variety alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a CRD. Treatments were applied at 20 gpa on Apr 19 with a low pressure, low volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 stainless steel Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 3, 6, 13, 16, 20, 24 and 27 DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.
Control of Cabbage Seedpod Weevil in Winter Canola, 1994
Authors: David Buntin G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ten insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of CSPW in winter canola at the Bledsoe Research Farm near Griffin, GA. Canola was planted on 12 Oct in 7 inch rows with a grain drill. Treatments were applied at 50% bloom on 31 Mar and 8 d later at full bloom using a tractor-mounted, CO2-powered sprayer (40 psi) equipped with 003 flat-fan nozzles which delivered 21.5 gal/acre. Plots measured 30 × 30 ft and were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. CSPW adults were sampled at 0 (pretreatment), 2, 7, 10 and 16 DAT (days after 31 Mar) by taking 8 sweeps per plot with a 15-inch diam sweep-net. The percentage of CSPW infested pods was measured by inspecting 200 pods/plot on 27 May. The center 2 drill passes were harvested on 2 Jun with a small-plot combine. Grain weighi and test weight were measured, and yields were adjusted to 8% moisture content.
“Compel” Evaluated for Control of Corn Rootworm Beetles and Effects on Other Corn Arthropods, 1993-1994
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted as a paired test repeated in 3 fields in Haskell Co. KS. Half of each field (160-200 acre) was treated with “Compel” and the other half was left untreated. “Compel” mixed with Sevin XLR (0.75 oz/acre or 0.0234 lb [Al]/acre) was applied as a bait at a rate of 1.0 lb/acre. Compel treatments were made on 17 Jul. Rootworm beetles were counted twice each wk on 40 plants per half field and on 12 yellow Scentry Multigard®’ sticky traps per half field. Beetle counts over 3 wk posttreatment were averaged for presentation. Spider mite damage and predator mites were counted on 40 plants per half field on 3 dates, but only data for pretreatment and one posttreatment count is presented. The following season. 2 pair of planter-wide strips were planted with or without soil insecticide (Force 1.5G 8.0 oz/1000 ft) in each half field. Rootworm ratings were made 30 Jun by digging 20 plants per treatment in each half field. Grain yield was determined in each treatment for 1993 and 1994.
Sevin XLR Plus Block Treatment, 1994
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Collins Kate , Myers Isabelle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A treatment which included Sevin XLR PLUS, and a standard treatment, was each applied to a 1/4 acre block (five rows × five trees/row) of 14-yr-old trees on MM. 106 rootstock. Trees measured 19.5 ft in height and 19 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 18 × 24 ft. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the tree with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 6 May (petal fall [PF]), 24 May (first cover [1C]), 8 Jun (second cover [2C]), 23 Jun (third cover [3C]), 7 Jul (fourth cover [4C]), 21 Jul (fifth cover [5CJ), 4 Aug (sixth cover [6C]), 18 Aug (seventh cover [7C]), and 1 Sep (eighth cover f8CJ). Other materials applied separately to both treatments and an untreated plot during this experiment were Captan, Kocide, Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Streptomycin, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting insects on the periphery of four single-tree ‘Delicious’ replications in the center two rows of each block. Effect of treatments against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5 min period. Control of RLH and WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined on ‘Delicious’ by scoring 100 picked apples per replication plus up to 100 drop apples per replication for injury on 26 Sep.
Corn Rootworm Control, 1994
Authors: Patton T. W. , Dively G. P. , Hellman L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four liquid insecticide evaluation studies were conducted at three sites in Beltsville, Uniontown, and Burkittsville, MD. Corn was planted no-till on 29 Apr and 15 May at Burkittsville and Beltsville, respectively. Conventionally tilled corn was planted at Uniontown I and II on 29 Apr and 13 May, respectively. Treatment plots were 4 rows × 50 ft arranged in a RCB with 3 replications. Furadan 4 F broadcast was applied with a COz backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 21 gpa at 40 psi. Force 1.5 G was applied in a 7 inch band over the row with a hand powered bicycle wheel applicator. Both treatments were made at or near planting. Post-planting treatments of Furadan 4F were directed at the base of the plant in a 11 inch band during 8-10 Jun with a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 12 gpa at 40 psi. Root damage was evaluated during 7- 12 Jun. Six roots were dug, washed, and rated in accordance to the Iowa 1-6 scale. Yields were determined by hand harvesting 50 ft of row. Percent moisture was measured for each plot and used to convert yields to 15.5%.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides Against Larval Corn Rootworms, Clay Center, Ne, 1994
Authors: Wright Robert J. , DeVries Terry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Planting and first cultivation time soil insecticide trials were conducted at Clay Center, NE, to evaluate their performance against larval corn rootworms. All plots were in trap crop (insecticide free) during 1993. In 1992, Force 1.5G at 0.13 lb (AI)/acre was applied to all plots and, in 1991 and 1990 Lorsban 15G at 1.3 lb (AI)/acre. Prior to 1990, multiclass soil insecticide trials were conducted periodically. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each replicate consisted of a single row 40 ft long with 30-inch row spacing. All plots were planted on 9 May. Soil type was a silty clay loam. Subsoil temperature at 4 inches was 59.2°F. Subsoil moisture at 0-2 inches was 17.7% and 19.0% at 2-4 inches using the gravimetric method. Planting-time application equipment consisted of V-belt seeders mounted on a 2-row White air planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were evenly distributed on the V-belts and either directed into the open seed furrow (IF), a 7-inch band behind the press wheel then incorporated with drag chains (B) or a 7-inch band in front of the press wheel and over the open seed furrow and incorporated with drag chains (TB). Stand counts were taken on 23 May. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected on 2 Jun. First-cultivation time treatments were applied on 13 Jun. Subsoil temperature at 4 inches was 75.3°F. A mason jar with holes in the lid was used to apply granular insecticides at first-cultivation. Granules were applied uniformly to the base of the plants by shaking the mason jar and immediately incorporated by cultivation (GC). A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a spray volume of 18.4 gpa at 30 psi was used to apply liquid insecticides at first-cultivation. The liquid insecticide was directed at the base of the plants and immediately incorporated by cultivation (LC). Larval feeding damage was evaluated on 12 Jul. Five plants were dug from each plot and rated using the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding, 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). From the planting date (9 May) to the root evaluation (12 Jul), precipitation totalled 7.36 inches plus irrigation 3.91 inches.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides Against Corn Rootworms, Clay Center, NE, 1993
Authors: Wright Robert J. , DeVries Terry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Planting-time soil insecticide trials were conducted at Clay Center, NE, to evaluate their performance against corn rootworms. All insecticides were granular products. All plots were in trap crop (insecticide free) during 1992. In 1991 and 1990 Lorsban 15G at 1.2 lb (AI)/acre was applied to all plots and multiclass soil insecticide trials had been conducted periodically during the previous 12 years. The soil texture was a silty clay loam. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each replicate consisted of a single row 40 ft long with 30-inch row spacing. Plots were planted on 21 May. Planting-time application equipment consisted of V-belt seeders mounted on a 2-row White air planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were evenly distributed on the V-belts and either directed into the seed furrow (IF), a 7-inch band behind the press wheel (B) or a 7-inch band in front of the press wheel (T-B). Stand counts were taken on 7 Jun. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected on 14 Jun. A first-cultivation time standard treatment was applied on 21 Jun. A Noble granular insecticide metering unit mounted on a hand-powered bicycle applicator was used to apply insecticides at first-cultivation. Granules were directed over the plant whorl in a 7-inch band and immediately incorporated with a rake. All test plots were cultivated on 28 Jun. Larval feeding damage was evaluated on 29 Jul. Five plants were dug from each plot and rated using the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding, 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Above normal precipitation and below normal temperatures occurred during the growing season. From the planting date (21 May) to the root evaluation (29 Jul), precipitation totalled 18.6 inches.
Efficacy of Granular Insecticides Against Western Corn Rootworm, 1994
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Kuhar T. P. , Laub C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in Montgomery Co., VA, to determine the effectiveness of several granular insecticides applied in-furrow or T-band against western corn rootworm larvae on ‘Pioneer 3140’ corn. The experiment was conducted in a 20-acre, no-till cornfield consisting of a predominant Duffield-Ernest silt loam soil. The field had been in continuous corn production since 1988 and had been treated with granular insecticides at planting every year since 1989. Plots of 40 X 5 ft (2 rows wide) were arranged in a RCBD with all insecticide treatments and an untreated check replicated 4 times. An Almaco, 2-row Max- Emerge planter was used to plant the plots on 13 May at a population density of 26,100 seeds/acre. Insecticide granules were applied in front of the press wheels either directly in the seed furrow or in a 5-inch wide T-band over the furrow, depending on the treatment. The regular granular insecticide applicator was removed from each row unit and replaced with a wooden device which held an inverted pint canning jar (Mason) used to dispense the insecticide granules. Attached to the underside of the wooden holder was a plastic funnel and tube through which the insecticide granules flowed. A single opening, drilled into the lid of each jar, was calibrated in the laboratory to deliver insecticides accurately at a speed of 3 mph. The possibility of mixing one or more insecticides was avoided by using a separate jar and lid for each treatment. At the start of application, a jar containing the appropriate insecticide granules was inverted and placed in each of the wooden holders. This method helped minimize soil compaction because the tractor made only 1 pass per plot. Root ratings and stand counts were made in all plots on 11 Jul. The roots of 5 consecutive corn plants were dug from each plot and washed of excess soil before ratings were made. Corn rootworm damage ratings were based on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding damage; 6, 3 or more root nodes completely destroyed). Stand counts consisted of counting all of the cornstalks along a 20 row-ft section in each plot. A 2-way ANOVA with Fisher’s protected LSD was used to analyze differences among treatments.
Efficacy of Selected Pyrethroids Against Bollworms and European Corn Borers in Southern North Carolina, 1994
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 25 Apr in a Norfolk sandy loam near Johns, NC. Recommended agronomic practices for fertility and weed control were followed and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips. A RCBD was used with 5 replicates and 6-row (38 inch centers) x 50 ft plots with 10 ft alleys were utilized. Treatments were applied with a backpack CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gal water at 50 psi with one TX-8 Spraying Systems hollow cone nozzle per row. Applications were made on 17, 22 Jul, 4 and 24 Aug. One hundred twenty five squares and 125 bolls (25/plot) were examined on 28 Jul and 7 Sep for damage and live BW and ECB. Insect data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT.
Align, Raptor and Pirate Test for Boll Worm-Tobacco Budworm Control, 1994
Authors: Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test was conducted at the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA. Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCBD and were 4 rows wide (40 inch spacing) × 65 ft. Stoneville LA 887 seed was planted 24 May on a Bruin silt loam soil with a John Deere model 7300 series planter equipped with standard seed hoppers. Temik 15G and Ridomil PC 11G were applied at 3.5 and 10 lb product/acre, respectively. Foliar treatments were applied with a compressed air powered sprayer multi-boom system attached to a John Deere 6000 Hi-Cycle equipped with two X-12 hollow cone nozzles/row and calibrated to deliver 10 gpa finished spray. Foliar treatments were applied on 25 Jul, 1, 15, and 19 Aug. Twenty-five squares from the 2 center rows of each plot were examined for boll weevil damage, bollworm-tobacco budworm damage and presence of bollworm-tobacco budworm larvae on 28 Jul, 4 and 25 Aug. All plant terminals in a 3 m section on one of the 2 center rows were examined for bollworm-tobacco budworm damage, eggs and larvae on 28 Jul. Plots were harvested on 5 Oct.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1993A
Authors: Elzen G. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 6 May at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gpa at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2 TX10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. A pretreatment survey indicated a moderate aphid infestation. Treatments were applied on 6 Jul. Efficacy was determined by counting aphids per square inch on leaves in the top, middle, and bottom third portions of 40 randomly-chosen plants/treatment at 3, 5, and 8 DAT.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1993B
Authors: Elzen G. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 6 May at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gpa at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2 TX10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Treatments were applied on 6 Jul. Efficacy was determined by counting aphids per square inch on leaves in the top, middle, and bottom third portions of 40 randomlychosen plants 1 h before initial treatment and at 3, 7, and 14 DAT.
Evaluation of Insecticide Combinations Against Late Season Populations of Bollworms, Tobacco Budworms and Boll Weevils, 1994
Authors: Graves J. B. , Pankey J. H. , Leonard B. R. , White C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station, Winnsboro, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex and boll weevils. Cotton was planted 18 Jun in plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) × 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Insecticides were applied on 22, 26 Aug and 1 Sep against established populations of bollworms, tobacco budworms (primarily tobacco budworms) and boll weevils. Efficacy of the various treatments against these species was determined on 25, 31 Aug and 7 Sep by examining 50 squares/plot for evidence of feeding damage. Also numbers of larvae per 50 squares were recorded for the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex. The plots were mechanically harvested on 25 Oct to determine seed cotton yields. The test area received 0.57 and 0.20 inches rainfall on 1 and 6 Sep, respectively.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Boll Weevil, 1993
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Jordan A. M. , Klein C. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 15 May at the James Ray farm in Lonoke County. Insecticides were applied on 17, 20, 23, 27 Aug and 1 Sep using a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle equippped with a CO2 sprayer. Total volume was 10 gal/acre at 50 psi using Teejet TX-8 hollowcone nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Plots consisted of 10 rows (38 inch centers) x 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Boll weevil ratings were made 2-4 DAT by examining 25 squares/plot for boll weevil damage.