bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ABCs of Financial Education: Experimental Evidence on Attitudes, Behavior, and Cognitive Biases
Authors: Carpena Fenella , Cole Shawn , Shapiro Jeremy , Zia Bilal 
Published: September 2017

This paper uses a large-scale field experiment in India to study attitudinal, behavioral, and cognitive constraints that can stymie the link between financial education and financial outcomes. The study complements financial education with (i) financial incentives on a financial literacy test to affect participant motivation, (ii) financial goal setting to provide a psychological nudge, and (iii) personalized financial counseling to enhance the intensity of treatment. The analysis finds no impact of financial incentives on learning but significant effects of both goal setting and counseling on real financial outcomes. These results identify important complements to financial education that can bridge the gap between financial knowledge and behavior change. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2819 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Microindentation – a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness?
Authors: Arnold M. , Zhao S. , Ma S. , Giuliani F. , Hansen U. , Cobb J. P. , Abel R. L. , Boughton O. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesMicroindentation has the potential to measure the stiffness of an individual patient’s bone. Bone stiffness plays a crucial role in the press-fit stability of orthopaedic implants. Arming surgeons with accurate bone stiffness information may reduce surgical complications including periprosthetic fractures. The question addressed with this systematic review is whether microindentation can accurately measure cortical bone stiffness.MethodsA systematic review of all English language articles using a keyword search was undertaken using Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Studies that only used nanoindentation, cancellous bone or animal tissue were excluded.ResultsA total of 1094 abstracts were retrieved and 32 papers were included in the analysis, 20 of which used reference point indentation, and 12 of which used traditional depth-sensing indentation. There are several factors that must be considered when using microindentation, such as tip size, depth and method of analysis. Only two studies validated microindentation against traditional mechanical testing techniques. Both studies used reference point indentation (RPI), with one showing that RPI parameters correlate well with mechanical testing, but the other suggested that they do not.ConclusionMicroindentation has been used in various studies to assess bone stiffness, but only two studies with conflicting results compared microindentation with traditional mechanical testing techniques. Further research, including more studies comparing microindentation with other mechanical testing methods, is needed before microindentation can be used reliably to calculate cortical bone stiffness. Cite this article: M. Arnold, S. Zhao, S. Ma, F. Giuliani, U. Hansen, J. P. Cobb, R. L. Abel, O. Boughton. Microindentation – a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness? A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:542–549. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.69.BJR-2016-0317.R2.
Optimization of the treatment process of zinc leaching residue by using the response surface method
Authors: Ma Hongzhou , Xie Hongwei , Wang Yaoning , Yan Chao 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The decrease in the zinc volatilization rate is usually due to the liquid phase, which is typically generated in the rotary kiln. The response surface model was built to analyze and explore the effects of carbon content, basicity, and holding time on the zinc volatilization rate and residue state. Moreover, the model was used to optimize the experimental conditions. The results showed that the effect of basicity on zinc volatilization rate was statistically significant, whereas the effects of carbon content and holding time were relatively small. The optimized process conditions were as follows: carbon content of 32%, basicity of 3, and holding time of 30 min. Under this condition, the zinc volatilization rate was 99.65%, and the furnace residue was sintered, which proved to be beneficial to the subsequent step of iron extraction.
Convective heat transfer in a porous enclosure saturated by nanofluid with different heat sources
Authors: Muthtamilselvan M. , Sureshkumar S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The present study is proposed to investigate the effects of various lengths and different locations of the heater on the left sidewall in a square lid-driven porous cavity filled with nanofluid. A higher temperature is maintained on the left wall where three different lengths and three different locations of the heat source are considered for the analysis. The right wall is kept at a lower temperature while the top and bottom walls, and the remaining portions of the heated wall are adiabatic. The governing equations are solved by finite volume method. The results show that among the different lengths of the heat source, an enhancement in the heat transfer rate is observed only for the length LH = 1/3 of the heat source. In the case of location of the heat source, the overall heat transfer rate is increased when the heat source is located at the top of the hot wall. For Ri = 1 and 0.01, a better heat transfer rate is obtained when the heat source is placed at the top of the hot wall whereas for Ri = 100, it occurs when the heating portion is at the middle of the hot wall. As the solid volume fraction increases, the viscosity of the fluid is increased, which causes a reduction in the flow intensity. An addition of nanoparticles in the base fluid enhances the overall heat transfer rate significantly for all Da considered. The permeability of the porous medium plays a major role in convection of nanofluid than porosity. A high heat transfer rate (57.26%) is attained for Da = 10−1 and χ = 0.06.
Hydrogen sulfide emission sources, regulations, and removal techniques: a review
Authors: Habeeb Omar Abed , Kanthasamy Ramesh , Ali Gomaa A.M. , Sethupathi Sumathi , Yunus Rosli Bin Mohd 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This review highlights the recent technologies of H2S removal from wastewater in the petroleum refinery. H2S is a harmful, putrid, and hazardous gaseous compound. The main processes such as physicochemical, chemical, biological, and electrochemical methods were compared and discussed in detail. The effects of various parameters and adsorbent characteristics were highlighted and correlated with the adsorption capacities. Surface functional groups and porosity surface area play a crucial role in the process of single-phase and composite adsorbents. Composite materials impregnated with some metals showed high removal efficiencies. It was found that the adsorption process is the most relevant way for H2S removal due to its high removal efficiency, low cost, eco-friendly, and operational simplicity. This study serves as a useful guideline for those who are interested in H2S removal.
Contralateral Bias of High Spatial Frequency Tuning and Cardinal Direction Selectivity in Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Salinas Kirstie J. , Figueroa Velez Dario X. , Zeitoun Jack H. , Kim Hyungtae , Gandhi Sunil P. 
Published: September 2017

Binocular mechanisms for visual processing are thought to enhance spatial acuity by combining matched input from the two eyes. Studies in the primary visual cortex of carnivores and primates have confirmed that eye-specific neuronal response properties are largely matched. In recent years, the mouse has emerged as a prominent model for binocular visual processing, yet little is known about the spatial frequency tuning of binocular responses in mouse visual cortex. Using calcium imaging in awake mice of both sexes, we show that the spatial frequency preference of cortical responses to the contralateral eye is ∼35% higher than responses to the ipsilateral eye. Furthermore, we find that neurons in binocular visual cortex that respond only to the contralateral eye are tuned to higher spatial frequencies. Binocular neurons that are well matched in spatial frequency preference are also matched in orientation preference. In contrast, we observe that binocularly mismatched cells are more mismatched in orientation tuning. Furthermore, we find that contralateral responses are more direction-selective than ipsilateral responses and are strongly biased to the cardinal directions. The contralateral bias of high spatial frequency tuning was found in both awake and anesthetized recordings. The distinct properties of contralateral cortical responses may reflect the functional segregation of direction-selective, high spatial frequency-preferring neurons in earlier stages of the central visual pathway. Moreover, these results suggest that the development of binocularity and visual acuity may engage distinct circuits in the mouse visual system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSeeing through two eyes is thought to improve visual acuity by enhancing sensitivity to fine edges. Using calcium imaging of cellular responses in awake mice, we find surprising asymmetries in the spatial processing of eye-specific visual input in binocular primary visual cortex. The contralateral visual pathway is tuned to higher spatial frequencies than the ipsilateral pathway. At the highest spatial frequencies, the contralateral pathway strongly prefers to respond to visual stimuli along the cardinal (horizontal and vertical) axes. These results suggest that monocular, and not binocular, mechanisms set the limit of spatial acuity in mice. Furthermore, they suggest that the development of visual acuity and binocularity in mice involves different circuits.
Between Economic Burden and Cultural Dignity: Belis in the Marital Custom of the NTT Society
Authors: Rodliyah Siti , Purwasito Andrik , Sudardi Bani , Abdullah Wakit 
Published: September 2017

The indigenous marital system giving belis â€˜bride priceâ€™ practiced by the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, is one of the Nusantara marital custom phenomena thatÂ today has developed and raised issues of both pros and cons which deserves critical scrutiny from Cultural studies and Anthropological perspective. Both perspectives facilitate the critical standpoint of the NTT societyâ€™s mindset summarized in the cultural or customary marriage rules requiring a marriage with belis. This study revealed that in the attitude towards belis, the East Nusa Tenggara women agreed and taken for granted the construction of their reality and power production through various discourses. Current practice of belis raises the economic capitalism up to the identity contestations. Lately, the essence and value of belis have changed and are likely to be more commercial. Even some may view it as mere a symbol and customary fixtures, such as in the region of Lamaholot imposing the elephant tusks, and the Allor society with their Moko as the payment methods of belis.Â Belis has left biggest challenge for the communities who are not able to afford higher bride-price objects, this consequently lead to a more emerging unlawful marriages as a resistance against the unresolved poverty problems.
O governo imperial e os estudos sobre a infância na Antiguidade Tardia: os modelos de imperadores infantes no Império Romano tardo-antigo ocidental
Authors: Silva Érica Cristhyane Morais da 
Published: September 2017

Resenha de McEVOY, M. A. Child emperor rule in the late roman west (a.D. 367‑455). Oxford: Oxford University, 2013, 384 p.
Cidades como territórios da saúde,educação, cultura e da vida
Authors: Bortolozzi Arlêude 
Published: September 2017

Através da linha de pesquisa denominada “Dinâmica territorial, sistemas técnicos atuais e novas práticas socioespaciais”, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação da Geografia, no Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Unicamp, é possível incorporar novos conteúdos do espaço geográfico nas análises de diferentes temas. Estes, associados às novas técnicas de informação territorial e de redes telemáticas, possibilitam por sua vez novas reflexões epistemológicas sobre os estudos do local, que, quando relacionados com outras escalas espaciais, passam a contribuir de forma inquestionável para a ampliação do debate e o entendimento sobre o desenvolvimento urbano.
ANPEd e Intercom: panorama da produção dos pesquisadores em Educação e Comunicação na última década
Authors: Almeida Lígia Beatriz Carvalho de , Ghaziri Samir Mustapha , Lobato Margareth Cavalcante de Castro 
Published: September 2017

O artigo expõe resultados parciais de pesquisa que investiga características das propostas voltadas ao tema educação formal e comunicação, a partir dos artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2010, nos anais dos grupos de pesquisa sobre Educação e Comunicação ligados à ANPEd e à Intercom. O estudo identificou convergência quanto aos pressupostos teóricos, concepções sobre a instituição escolar e propostas para a educação formal, fatores que ajudam a consolidar um campo de saber específico.
Formar professores de matemática no estado do Maranhão, Brasil: aspectos historiográficos
Authors: Fernandes Déa Nunes , Garnica Antonio Vicente Marafioti 
Published: September 2017

O texto apresenta aspectos historiográficos relativos à formação de professores de Matemática em cursos superiores do estado do Maranhão, num período que tem como marco inicial a implantação, na década de 1960, da primeira Licenciatura Plena em Matemática no estado. Seguindo os parâmetros da História Oral, foram entrevistados professores de três instituições públicas de ensino superior do estado que trabalharam como docentes quando da implantação e/ou da elaboração dos projetos dos primeiros cursos de Licenciatura Plena em Matemática e alunos da primeira turma neles graduada.
Estação Ferroviária de Pelotas: espaço de sociabilidade, visualidade e memória urbana
Authors: Schmitz Maira Eveline 
Published: September 2017

O tema deste artigo é o espaço ferroviário da cidade de Pelotas, no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, ao final do século XIX. Este foi um momento de mudança na materialidade urbana e busca-se, assim, inferir as novas sociabilidades e práticas sociais construídas no espaço ferroviário, bem como compreender as interpretações e sentidos dados ao local. Para tanto, as fontes analisadas serão fotografias e jornais, utilizando-se as metodologias apropriadas. Indo além, pretende-se perceber como os sentidos dados ao espaço ferroviário naquele momento dialogam com sua situação material e patrimonial hoje.
Metal Immobilization in Soils Using Synthetic Zeolites
Authors: Oste Leonard A. , Lexmond Theo M. , Van Riemsdijk Willem H. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn situ immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils is a technique to improve soil quality. Synthetic zeolites are potentially useful additives to bind heavy metals. This study selected the most effective zeolite in cadmium and zinc binding out of six synthetic zeolites (mordenite‐type, faujasite‐type, zeolite X, zeolite P, and two zeolites A) and one natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Zeolite A appeared to have the highest binding capacity between pH 5 and 6.5 and was stable above pH 5.5. The second objective of this study was to investigate the effects of zeolite addition on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration. Since zeolites increase soil pH and bind Ca, their application might lead to dispersion of organic matter. In a batch experiment, the DOM concentration increased by a factor of 5 when the pH increased from 6 to 8 as a result of zeolite A addition. A strong increase in DOM was also found in the leachate of soil columns, particularly in the beginning of the experiment. This resulted in higher metal leaching caused by metal–DOM complexes. In contrast, the free ionic concentration of Cd and Zn strongly decreased after the addition of zeolites, which might explain the reduction in metal uptake observed in plant growth experiments. Pretreatment of zeolites with acid (to prevent a pH increase) or Ca (to coagulate organic matter) suppressed the dispersion of organic matter, but also decreased the metal binding capacity of the zeolites due to competition of protons or Ca.
Arsenic Remobilization in a Shallow Lake
Authors: Linge Kathryn L. , Oldham Carolyn E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTOxic resuspension occurs regularly in shallow lakes, yet its role as a mechanism for contaminant remobilization remains ill defined. This study investigated contaminant remobilization during sediment resuspension and determined whether changes in contaminant sediment partitioning reflected the mechanisms controlling remobilization. Arsenic‐contaminated sediment from a shallow wetland was subjected to simulated resuspension under a range of differing initial pH conditions. The effect of resuspension on As partitioning was evaluated using a fractionation scheme targeting the dissolved, ion exchangeable, carbonate, organic, amorphous iron oxide, crystalline iron oxide, and apatite fractions. Rate investigations demonstrated that arsenic remobilization occurred on timescales similar to resuspension events, with concentrations reaching steady state within 24 h. The sediment also buffered slurry pH to 8.3 in experiments where the initial pH was between 4 and 10. This pH regulation was attributed to carbonate dissolution or acid–base equilibria of surface base functional groups, although iron oxide and organic matter dissolution did occur in experiments with an initial pH outside this range. Remobilization caused losses in arsenic associated with the ion exchangeable, organic, and amorphous iron fractions but changes in initial pH have a negligible effect on arsenic remobilization or partitioning within the well‐buffered region. Resuspension released approximately 20% of the total sediment arsenic, although calculations indicated that a single resuspension event would not significantly change water column arsenic concentrations. While not conclusively proving the mechanisms of remobilization, fractionation gave valuable insight into the effect of sediment resuspension on contaminant remobilization.
Copper Release from Chemical Root‐Control Baskets in Hardwood Tree Production
Authors: Kosuta Sonja , Hamel Chantal , Dalpé Yolande , St‐Arnaud Marc 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe City of Montreal, Canada, evaluated the environmental impact and usefulness of in‐ground copper (Cu)‐treated baskets in controlling root growth of hardwood trees in nursery culture. Using baskets planted with 5‐yr‐old Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) trees, the amount and temporal pattern of Cu release from the basket surface into soil was determined for two copper formulations: Cu metal powder and Cu(OH)2 Release of both Cu formulations from the basket surface decreased exponentially over time, with Cu concentration at the basket surface dropping to 2% of the initial Cu applied by the end of the second field season. Total Cu content increased significantly in the soil around the baskets (from 7 to 28 mg Cu kg−1 soil) and in the baskets (from 7 to 50–70 mg Cu kg−1 soil) over the two years of the study. Three levels of phosphorus application (33, 66, and 100% of the regular nursery rate of 465 kg ha−1 yr−1) did not affect release of Cu from the basket surface. The release of Cu metal at 28 and 105 d in the field was significantly increased by inoculation with the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith; however, AMF inoculation had no affect on Cu(OH)2 release. Trees grown in Cu‐treated baskets and inoculated with G. intraradices had similar colonization to non‐inoculated trees, suggesting that inoculation was not very effective and that AMF inoculum was already present in the root ball of the trees at planting. After two years, copper basket–grown trees had significantly less root colonization than isolated control trees growing in the open field. This strongly suggests that conditions inside the baskets were not favorable to AMF.
Nitrogen Contamination in the Yellow River Basin of China
Authors: Xia Xinghui , Zhou Jingsong , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTNitrogen contamination is one of the most serious problems in the Yellow River of China. This study was conducted to analyze monitoring data on nitrogen contamination for the Yellow River basin in the years 1980, 1990, 1997, and 1999. Several significant results have arisen from the study. First, in conjunction with an increase in economic indexes from the Yellow River's upper basin to its lower basin, the nitrogen concentration in the tributaries also showed an increasing trend from the upper to the lower basin, which, in turn, led to an increase in the nitrogen concentration of the mainstream from the upper to the lower reaches. Second, nitrogen in the river water in the mainstream and the tributaries of the Yellow River was attributed mainly to point sources. In spite of the fact that the ratio of point to nonpoint sources decreased from 2.7 in 1990 to 1.8 in 1997 for total inorganic nitrogen in river water at the Tongguan Station in the lower basin, point sources increased more than nonpoint sources. Third, the ammonium nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen content of the river water increased significantly in the mainstream and the tributaries during the 1980–1999 period, a change caused by an increase in wastewater discharge and nitrogenous fertilizer application in the Yellow River catchment.
Sorption Kinetics of Toluene in Humin under Two Different Levels of Relative Humidity
Authors: Shih Yang‐hsin , Wu Shian‐chee 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTo identify any resistant fraction for desorption of toluene from humin and to quantify the sorption–desorption rates, the time courses of toluene sorption to compressed humin disks and to a thin humin film were investigated. The apparent diffusivity of toluene with humin disks ranges from 10−8 to 10−9 cm2/s and increases with temperature, based on the weight change of humin disks mounted on a microbalance and on the results simulated by use of a diffusion model. No detectable level of residual toluene was found after desorption, as revealed either by the gravimetric analysis or by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum obtained at either low or high humidity. The time scale for intrinsic vapor sorption without mass transfer hindrance is less than a few minutes with the thin film. All the results indicate that the sorption of toluene to humin is reversible and mainly diffusion controlled. This finding helps to better understand the sorption kinetics associated with humin and soil organic matter.
Hydrological Properties of a Clay Loam Soil after Long‐Term Cattle Manure Application
Authors: Miller J. J. , Sweetland N. J. , Chang C. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTLimited information exists on the effect of long‐term application of beef cattle (Bos taurus) manure on soil hydrological properties in the Great Plains region of North America. A site on a clay loam soil (Typic Haploboroll) was used to examine the effect of manure addition on selected soil hydrological properties in 1997 and 1998. The manure was annually applied in the fall for 24 yr at one, two, and three times the recommended rates (in 1973) under dryland (0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha−1 wet basis) and irrigation (0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha−1). Manure significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil water retention (0–5 and 10–15 cm) by 5 to 48% compared with the control at most potentials between 0 and −1500 kPa. Field soil water content (0–5 and 10–15 cm) was increased by 10 to 22% in the summers of 1997 and 1998. Manure increased ponded infiltration by more than 200% at 90 Mg ha−1 under dryland (1998) and at rates ≥ 120 Mg ha−1 under irrigation (1997). Field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) of surface soil (1‐cm depth) was significantly increased by 76 to 128% under dryland (1998) and irrigation (1997), as were number of pores > 1120 μm in diameter (37–128% increase). In contrast, manure rate had little or no effect on unsaturated hydraulic conductivity [K(ψ)] values (−0.3, −0.5, −0.7, and −1.0 kPa) in 1997 and 1998. Overall, soil hydrological parameters generally had a neutral or positive response to 24 yr of annual manure addition.