bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Density Fluctuations and Proton Heating Rate in the Solar Wind from 9–20 R⊙
Authors: Raja K. Sasikumar , Subramanian Prasad , Ramesh R. , Vourlidas Angelos , Ingale Madhusudan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We obtain scatter-broadened images of the Crab Nebula at 80 MHz as it transits through the inner solar wind in 2017 and 2016 June. These images are anisotropic, with the major axis oriented perpendicular to the radially outward coronal magnetic field. Using these data, we deduce that the density modulation index (

) caused by turbulent density fluctuations in the solar wind ranges from

to

between 9 and 20 R
⊙. We also find that the heating rate of solar wind protons at these distances ranges from

to

. On two occasions, the line of sight intercepted a coronal streamer. We find that the presence of the streamer approximately doubles the thickness of the scattering screen.
Magnetic Pumping as a Source of Particle Heating and Power-law Distributions in the Solar Wind
Authors: Lichko E. , Egedal J. , Daughton W. , Kasper J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Based on the rate of expansion of the solar wind, the plasma should cool rapidly as a function of distance to the Sun. Observations show this is not the case. In this work, a magnetic pumping model is developed as a possible explanation for the heating and the generation of power-law distribution functions observed in the solar wind plasma. Most previous studies in this area focus on the role that the dissipation of turbulent energy on microscopic kinetic scales plays in the overall heating of the plasma. However, with magnetic pumping, particles are energized by the largest-scale turbulent fluctuations, thus bypassing the energy cascade. In contrast to other models, we include the pressure anisotropy term, providing a channel for the large-scale fluctuations to heat the plasma directly. A complete set of coupled differential equations describing the evolution, and energization, of the distribution function are derived, as well as an approximate closed-form solution. Numerical simulations using the VPIC kinetic code are applied to verify the model’s analytical predictions. The results of the model for realistic solar wind scenario are computed, where thermal streaming of particles are important for generating a phase shift between the magnetic perturbations and the pressure anisotropy. In turn, averaged over a pump cycle, the phase shift permits mechanical work to be converted directly to heat in the plasma. The results of this scenario show that magnetic pumping may account for a significant portion of the solar wind energization.
Devenir soi-même sous l’exigence de justice devant autrui. Levinas, la justice pour autrui et la critique des théories de la justice sociale
Authors: Mardellat Patrick 
Published: November 2017

La philosophie de Levinas pense la justice depuis l’événement d’autrui qui surgit et arrache le moi à son intériorité jouissant des nourritures, constituant une totalité économique. L’agent économique ne devient soi-même que par cette interpellation qui le soumet à une exigence de justice pour autrui. Qu’advient-il de l’économie lorsque la relation avec autrui est pensée avec la radicalité qui est celle de la philosophie de Levinas ? Et si l’absolutisation du Moi comme point de départ de la théorisation de l’économie conduit à l’injustice, voire même constitue la forme première de l’injustice, comment se conçoit alors la justice en posant l’antériorité d’autrui sur soi-même ? Quelles sont alors les limites des théories de la justice sociale sous cette dernière perspective ? La justice sociale avec ses institutions s’en trouve-t-elle définitivement condamnée ? Cet article se propose de répondre à ces questions et de discuter la pertinence des théories de la justice sous la perspective ouverte par la pensée de Levinas. En conclusion, la question de la possibilité de la justice économique est posée.
Exploring the impact of Lean manufacturing on flexibility in SMEs
Authors: Lucherini Franco , Rapaccini Mario 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: This paper describes the use of simulation and case-study research to assess flexibility gains induced by the adoption of three Lean Manufacturing practices.Design/methodology/approach: We gather useful material and information about the manufacturing process of a selected Small-Medium Enterprise by adopting a case-research approach. The Value Stream Mapping is the method used for visualizing flows of products and information along the production system. Starting from the current arrangement of the company, computer simulation is used to assess the benefits arising from Cellular Manufacturing, Just-in-Time Delivery by Suppliers, and Single Minute Exchange of Dies.Findings: To investigate the flexibility improvements coming from the introduction of Lean Manufacturing, we present a simulation model of the described company on which we performed our analysis. We quantify the flexibility of different configurations according to the new 5-step approach in order to segregate the contribution of different lean techniques.Originality/value: We extend the combined use of Case Research and Computer Simulation to the research on Manufacturing Flexibility within Small-Medium Enterprises. We enhance the knowledge on this under investigated context collecting quantitative field data. Moreover, building on the factorial Design of Experiment, we introduce a new 5-step method to appraise the cost benefit ratio of lean techniques for flexibility. The managerial implication of this research is mostly related to the provision of a supporting method for the decision making process propaedeutic to Lean Manufacturing introduction.
A Methodology to Develop a Mobile Application Model to Appraise Housing Design Quality
Authors: Chohan Afaq Hyder , Mohd Affandi Haryanti , Awad Jihad , Che-Ani Adi Irfan 
Published: November 2017

<p class="Abstract">The variety of planning and design solutions occasionally turns into an underpinning factor for the defects and maintenance issues in built forms. Defects and maintenance that emerges from deficient design indicate that the design has not been conceded in the perception of quality. Reviewing the nature of deficient designs and resulting maintenance problems in various types of built forms revealed that housing sector is most effective of this phenomenon. The reason could be set as; housing planning, design, and construction are a most practiced activity to address the living needs of the ever-growing world population. This research considered that design quality of housing is severely affected in developing countries. In this regard housing standards and bylaws plays a minor role to ensure the housing quality in developing regions. However, it is notable that, in developing regions, the majority of populations have easy access to mobile communication technology. Therefore, it is possible to use mobile technology to educate the people about quality issues of housing and to help them to evaluate the quality of proposed or existing housing. At present, the use of mobile technology has not only heightened the need for IT knowledge but also extend the capabilities of many designers/architects and builders. Hence, there is a niche to develop an integrated hub that could appraise the function of each professional involved in housing processes. This research has established a criterion that, the mobile technology can help common people to understand the quality of house/housing and to ascertain it. The results of the research have surfaced a model of mobile application that could be used later to prepare the real-time mobile application to work as a “design quality assessment tool.”</p>
Toxoplasma gondii Inactivates Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Functional Mimicry of IL-10
Authors: Pierog Piotr L. , Zhao Yanlin , Singh Sukhwinder , Dai Jihong , Yap George S. , Fitzgerald-Bocarsly Patricia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major producers of IFN-α, an antiviral cytokine involved in immunomodulation and control of HIV type 1 replication, whereas Toxoplasma gondii is a life-threatening opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. During infection with HIV type 1, human pDCs decrease in circulation and remaining pDC produce lower amounts of IFN-α in response to viral stimulation. In this study, we investigated the impact of coinfection with T. gondii on the innate virus-directed responses of human pDCs. Using intracellular flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we determined that T. gondii invaded but did not induce IFN-α or TNF-α in human pDC. However, T. gondii inhibited IFN-α and TNF-α produced in response to HSV and HIV, thus functionally inactivating pDC. IFN-α production was inhibited only in cells infected by T. gondii, which inhibited neither uptake of GFP-HSV nor localization of TLR9 in CD71+ endosomes, directing us to investigate downstream events. Using imaging flow cytometry, we found that both T. gondii and IL-10 inhibited virus-induced nuclear translocation, but not phosphorylation, of IFN response factor 7. Blockade of IFN response factor 7 nuclear translocation and inhibition of the IFN-α response was partially reversed by a deficiency in the T. gondii–derived ROP16 kinase, known to directly phosphorylate STAT3, a critical mediator of IL-10’s anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, our results indicate that T. gondii suppresses pDC activation by mimicking IL-10’s regulatory effects through an ROP16 kinase-dependent mechanism. Our findings further imply a convergent mechanism of inhibition of TLR signaling by T. gondii and IL-10 and suggest potential negative consequences of HIV/T. gondii coinfection.
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) cycling across contrasting biological hotspots of the New Zealand subtropical front
Authors: Lizotte Martine , Levasseur Maurice , Law Cliff S. , Walker Carolyn F. , Safi Karl A. , Marriner Andrew , Kiene Ronald P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The oceanic frontal region above the Chatham Rise east of New Zealand was investigated during the late austral summer season in February and March 2012. Despite its potential importance as a source of marine-originating and climate-relevant compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its algal precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), little is known of the processes fuelling the reservoirs of these sulfur (S) compounds in the water masses bordering the subtropical front (STF). This study focused on two opposing short-term fates of DMSP-S following its uptake by microbial organisms (either its conversion into DMS or its assimilation into bacterial biomass) and has not considered dissolved non-volatile degradation products. Sampling took place in three phytoplankton blooms (B1, B2, and B3) with B1 and B3 occurring in relatively nitrate-rich, dinoflagellate-dominated subantarctic waters, and B2 occurring in nitrate-poor subtropical waters dominated by coccolithophores. Concentrations of total DMSP (DMSPt) and DMS were high across the region, up to 160 and 14.5 nmol L−1, respectively. Pools of DMSPt showed a strong association with overall phytoplankton biomass proxied by chlorophyll a (rs  =  0.83) likely because of the persistent dominance of dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, both DMSP-rich taxa. Heterotrophic microbes displayed low S assimilation from DMSP (less than 5 %) likely because their S requirements were fulfilled by high DMSP availability. Rates of bacterial protein synthesis were significantly correlated with concentrations of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd, rs  =  0.86) as well as with the microbial conversion efficiency of DMSPd into DMS (DMS yield, rs  =  0.84). Estimates of the potential contribution of microbially mediated rates of DMS production (0.1–27 nmol L−1 day−1) to the near-surface concentrations of DMS suggest that bacteria alone could not have sustained DMS pools at most stations, indicating an important role for phytoplankton-mediated DMS production. The findings from this study provide crucial information on the distribution and cycling of DMS and DMSP in a critically under-sampled area of the global ocean, and they highlight the importance of oceanic fronts as hotspots of the production of marine biogenic S compounds.
Associations of IGF2 and DRD2 polymorphisms with laying traits in Muscovy duck
Authors: Ye Qiao , Xu Jiguo , Gao Xinfeng , Ouyang Hongjia , Luo Wei , Nie Qinghua 
Published: November 2017

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) play important roles in ovarian follicular development. In this study, we analyzed tissue-specific expression of the Muscovy duck IGF2 and DRD2 genes and cloned those genes transcripts. Polymorphisms in these genes were tightly linked with egg production traits and both genes were highly expressed in the ovary. Moreover, we identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for IGF1 and 28 for DRD2. Mutations A-1864G and C-1704G of IGF2 were positively correlated with increased egg laying at 59 weeks (E59W) (P < 0.05). The C+7T and C+364G mutations of DRD2 were highly and significantly associated with first-egg age (FEA) and egg numbers at 300 days (E300D) (P < 0.01). Moreover, C+3301G and C+3545G of DRD2 were highly significantly associated with FEA, E59W and E300D (P < 0.01). Other mutations were positively associated with FEA or E300D or E59W (P < 0.05). These data suggest specific roles for IGF1 and DRD2 polymorphisms in egg production in Muscovy ducks.
Diagnostic value of serum procalcitonin, lactate, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for predicting bacteremia in adult patients in the emergency department
Authors: Lin Chiung-Tsung , Lu Jang-Jih , Chen Yu-Ching , Kok Victor C. , Horng Jorng-Tzong 
Published: November 2017

Background
Few studies compared the diagnostic value of procalcitonin with a combination of other tests including lactate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the prediction of pathogenic bacteremia in emergency department adult patients.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study assessing the differences in performances of procalcitonin at a cutoff of 0.5 ng/mL, lactate at a cutoff of 19.8 mg/dL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein at a cutoff of 0.8 mg/dL and their combinations for predicting bacteremia in emergency department adult patients. Sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, positive-test and negative-test likelihood, and diagnostic odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for each test combination were calculated for comparison. The receiver operating characteristic curve for every single test were compared using DeLong’s method. We also performed a sensitivity analysis in two expanded patient cohorts to assess the discriminative ability of procalcitonin or test combination.

Results
A total of 886 patients formed the initial patient cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for discriminating positive blood culture was: procalcitonin = 0.72 (95% CI [0.69–0.75]) with a derived optimal cutoff at 3.9 ng/mL; lactate 0.69 (0.66–0.72) with an optimal cutoff at 17.9 mg/dL; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 0.56 (0.53–0.59) with an optimal cutoff of 13 mg/dL; with pairwise comparisons showing statistically significant better performance of either procalcitonin or lactate outperforming high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. To predict positive blood cultures, the diagnostic odds ratio for procalcitonin was 3.64 (95% CI [2.46–5.51]), lactate 2.93 (2.09–4.14), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 0.91 (0.55–1.55; P = 0.79). About combined tests, the diagnostic odds ratio for procalcitonin and lactate increases were 3.98 (95% CI [2.81–5.63]) for positive blood culture prediction. Elevated procalcitonin level rendered a six-fold increased risk of positive gram-negative bacteremia with a diagnostic odds ratio of 6.44 (95% CI [3.65–12.15]), which showed no further improvement in any test combinations. In the sensitivity analysis, as a single test to predict unspecified, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteremia, procalcitonin performed even better in an expanded cohort of 2,234 adult patients in terms of the diagnostic odds ratio.

Discussions
For adult emergency patients, procalcitonin has an acceptable discriminative ability for bacterial blood culture and a better discriminative ability for gram-negative bacteremia when compared with lactate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein at a cutoff of 0.8 mg/dL performed poorly for the prediction of positive bacterial culture.
Reply to Comment by W. R. Peltier, D. F. Argus, and R. Drummond on “An Assessment of the ICE6G_C (VM5a) Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Model”
Authors: Purcell A. , Tregoning P. , Dehecq A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe empirical approximation of Purcell et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048624) has been validated by Peltier et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013844). In their Comment they introduced new results derived from the same ice/rheology models of ICE6G_C (VM5a) but using a different model for Antarctic bathymetry. This has greatly reduced the differences in predicted Antarctic uplift rates relative to those of Purcell et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012742). In fact, with a ∼50% reduction in uplift rate in the Weddell Sea, the results of Peltier et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013844) now agree more closely with the predictions of Purcell et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012742) than with the original ICE6G_C values. Peltier et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013844) state that the high power in their high‐frequency spherical harmonic coefficients remains in their new calculations. They also claim that Purcell et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012742) used an inaccurate loading history in deriving their velocity field. In fact, the ice load history was unchanged; to remove any ambiguity, the ice and water load histories used in the CALSEA calculations are provided in the supporting information.
Compact Single‐Layer Traveling‐Wave Antenna DesignUsing Metamaterial Transmission Lines
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal Singh , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a single‐layer traveling‐wave antenna (TWA) that is based on composite right/left‐handed (CRLH)‐metamaterial (MTM) transmission line (TL) structure, which is implemented by using a combination of interdigital capacitors and dual‐spiral inductive slots. By embedding dual‐spiral inductive slots inside the CRLH MTM‐TL results in a compact TWA. Dimensions of the proposed CRLH MTM‐TL TWA is 21.5 × 30.0 mm2 or 0.372λ0 × 0.520λ0 at 5.2 GHz (center frequency). The fabricated TWA operates over 1.8–8.6 GHz with a fractional bandwidth greater than 120%, and it exhibits a peak gain and radiation efficiency of 4.2 dBi and 81%, respectively, at 5 GHz. By avoiding the use of lumped components, via‐holes or defected ground structures, the proposed TWA design is economic for mass production as well as easy to integrate with wireless communication systems.
Restoration of Impact Damage in Polymers via a Hybrid Microcapsule–Microvascular Self‐Healing System
Authors: Gergely Ryan C. R. , Santa Cruz Windy A. , Krull Brett P. , Pruitt Emmy L. , Wang Jonathan , Sottos Nancy R. , White Scott R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA hybrid microcapsule–microvascular system is introduced to regenerate the multiscale damage that results from impact puncture of vascularized polymeric sheets. Microvascular delivery of a two‐stage healing agent restores lost damage volume (puncture) to recover impact energy absorption, while embedded microcapsules heal microcracks to facilitate sealing. Modulation of the mechanical properties (1.4 GPa to 1.1 MPa stiffness) of the healing agent after curing is achieved by selection of compatible reactive acrylate monomers. Specimens are punctured and the impacted hole and surrounding damaged volume is restored by delivering the two‐stage healing agents to the site of damage via a microvascular network. Rapid gelling of two‐stage healing agents enables their retention in the damage region, while subsequent polymerization recovers structural performance. Impact recovery efficiency is assessed in terms of energy absorption, comparing reimpacted specimens to the initial impact. Recovery of impact energy absorption as high as 100% is observed for the optimal specimen design. Specimens are tested for sealing under static pressurization to monitoring leakage through the restored damage. A hybrid system incorporating both microvascular delivery of the two‐stage healing agents and microcapsules containing solvated epoxy enables sealing of 100% of specimens.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Alloyed PtNi Colloidal Nanocrystal Clusters (CNCs) with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Yang Peipei , Yuan Xiaolei , Hu Huicheng , Liu Yilin , Zheng Haowen , Yang Di , Chen Lei , Cao Muhan , Xu Yong , Min Yulin , Li Yanguang , Zhang Qiao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractColloidal nanocrystal clusters (CNCs), which are composed of many nanocrystal subunits, have attracted intensive attention because they can possess not only the properties of each single subunit but also the collective properties and novel functionalities resulting from the ensembles. However, to date, the successful preparation of metal CNCs has rarely been reported. In this work, a simple one‐pot solvothermal method is developed to prepare PtNi‐alloyed CNCs with homogeneous distribution of Pt and Ni elements, porous feature, and interconnected steady framework. The PtNi CNCs are composed of many PtNi nanocrystals with size around 7–8 nm. Their growth mechanism is proposed through a systematic study. Thanks to the unique structure, the as‐prepared PtNi CNCs show better catalytic performance in methanol oxidation reaction than that of PtNi nanocrystals and Pt/C catalysts. This work is important because it not only provides a new method for the preparation of metal CNCs with desired morphology and properties, but also paves the way for practical applications of metal nanoparticles.
A Facile Route to Fabricate Highly Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Elastomeric POE/NG Composites for Thermal Management
Authors: Feng Chang‐Ping , Bai Lu , Shao Yan , Bao Rui‐Ying , Liu Zheng‐Ying , Yang Ming‐Bo , Chen Jun , Ni Hai‐Ying , Yang Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHighly anisotropic polyolefin elastomer (POE)/natural graphite (NG) composites with high through‐plane thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, in which NG sheet perfectly aligns along one direction, are prepared by two‐roll milling, hot compression, and mechanical cutting. The through‐plane thermal conductivity coefficient of POE/NG composites is markedly improved to be 13.27 W m−1 K−1 at an NG loading of 49.30 vol%. When the composite is used as a thermal management material, it shows excellent heat dissipating capability in the through‐plane direction, which is very important for thermal management in electronic applications. This effective method is highly probable to be widely used for the facile fabrication of polymer‐based thermal management materials.