bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of a mini locking plate system for fracture repair of the radius and ulna in miniature breed dogs
Authors: Kang Byung-Jae , Ryu Hak-Hyun , Park Sungsu , Kim Yongsun , Kweon Oh-Kyeong , Hayashi Kei 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectives: To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of a novel 1.2 mm mini locking plate system in treating fractures of the radius and ulna in miniature breed dogs.Methods: Medical records and radiographs of miniature breed dogs with fractures treated with a 1.2 mm mini locking plate system were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were: body weight of 2.5 kg or less, trans-verse or short oblique fracture of the radius and ulna, and treatment with a mini locking plate system as the sole method of fixation. For each patient, data including signalment, time to radiographic union, use of bone graft or other agents, and previous repair attempts were recorded. The outcome and complications were determined from clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations.Results: Fourteen cases with a mean radial width of 4.5 mm (± 0.8 mm) were included into this study. The fractures healed without failure of fixation in all cases. Mean time to adequate radiographic union was 8.4 weeks (± 2.6 weeks). Major complications were not seen in any of the cases, and minor complications occurred in three of the cases. Limb function was graded as ‘normal’ in 10 cases and ‘occasional lameness’ in four cases.Clinical significance: The mini locking system evaluated in this study was an effective treatment method for radial and ulnar fractures in miniature breed dogs with a radial width smaller than 5.5 mm.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-01-0014.
Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis due to Melioidosis: A Potentially Devastating Condition
Authors: Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Pearson Lachlan J. , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Pongpirul Krit , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Thongbor Nisa , Nuntawong Gunticha , Praderm Laksamon , Wechagama Pantiwa , Narenpitak Surapong , Wechpradit Apinya , Punya Worauma , Halue Guttiga , Naka Phetpailin , Jeenapongsa Somboon , Eiam-Ong Somchai 
Published: October 2016

Background Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Although a wide range of clinical manifestations from this organism are known, peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has rarely been reported. Patients and Methods Peritoneal dialysis patients from all regions in Thailand were eligible for the study if they had peritonitis and either peritoneal fluid or effluent culture positive for B. pseudomallei. Patient data obtained included baseline characteristics, laboratory investigations, treatments, and clinical outcomes. When possible, PD fluid and removed Tenckhoff (TK) catheters were submitted for analyses of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microbial biofilm, respectively. Results Twenty-six patients were identified who were positive for peritoneal B. pseudomallei infection. The recorded mean age was 50 ± 15 (24 – 75) years, and the majority (58%) were female. Most of the cases were farmers living in Northeastern and Northern Thailand. Almost half of the cases had diabetes. Infections were reported commonly during the monsoon season and winter. The clinical presentations of peritonitis were similar to the manifestations from other microorganisms. Nine patients (41%) died (7 from sepsis), 6 fully recovered, and 7 switched to permanent hemodialysis. The mortality was potentially associated with sepsis ( p = 0.007), infection during the monsoon season ( p = 0.017), high initial dialysate neutrophils ( p = 0.045), and high hematocrit ( p = 0.045). Although no antibiotic resistance to ceftazidime and carbapenems was detected, approximately 50% of patients died with this treatment. Microbial biofilms were identified on the luminal surface of 4 out of 5 TK catheters, but the removal of the catheter did not alter the outcomes. Conclusion Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to melioidosis is uncommon but highly fatal. Increased awareness, early diagnosis, and optimal management are mandatory.
A UNIVERSAL DENSITY STRUCTURE FOR CIRCUMGALACTIC GAS
Authors: Stern Jonathan , Hennawi Joseph F. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Werk Jessica K. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We develop a new method to constrain the physical conditions in the cool (∼104 K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) from measurements of ionic column densities by assuming that the cool CGM spans a large range of gas densities and that small high-density clouds are hierarchically embedded in large low-density clouds. The new method combines the information available from different sightlines during the photoionization modeling, thus yielding tighter constraints on CGM properties compared to traditional methods that model each sightline individually. Applying this new technique to the COS Halos survey of low-redshift ∼L* galaxies, we find that we can reproduce all observed ion columns in all 44 galaxies in the sample, from the low ions to

, with a single universal density structure for the cool CGM. The gas densities span the range

(

is the cosmic mean), while the physical size of individual clouds scales as ∼ρ
−1, from ≈35 kpc for the low-density

clouds to ≈6 pc for the highest-density low-ion clouds. The deduced cloud sizes are too small for this density structure to be driven by self-gravity; thus, its physical origin is unclear. The implied cool CGM mass within the virial radius is (1.3 ± 0.4) × 1010

(∼1% of the halo mass), distributed rather uniformly over the 4 decades in density. The mean cool gas density profile scales as

, where R is the distance from the galaxy center. We construct a 3D model of the cool CGM based on our results, which we argue provides a benchmark for the CGM structure in hydrodynamic simulations. Our results can be tested by measuring the coherence scales of different ions.
EXTERNAL COMPTON SCATTERING IN BLAZAR JETS AND THE LOCATION OF THE GAMMA-RAY EMITTING REGION
Authors: Finke Justin D. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
I study the location of the γ-ray emission in blazar jets by creating a Compton-scattering approximation that is valid for all anisotropic radiation fields in the Thomson through Klein–Nishina regimes, is highly accurate, and can speed up numerical calculations by up to a factor of ∼10. I apply this approximation to synchrotron self-Compton, external Compton scattering of photons from the accretion disk, broad line region (BLR), and dust torus. I use a stratified BLR model and include detailed Compton-scattering calculations of a spherical and flattened BLR. I create two dust torus models, one where the torus is an annulus and one where it is an extended disk. I present detailed calculations of the photoabsorption optical depth using my detailed BLR and dust torus models, including the full angle dependence. I apply these calculations to the emission from a relativistically moving blob traveling through these radiation fields. The ratio of γ-ray to optical flux produces a predictable pattern that could help locate the γ-ray emission region. I show that the bright flare from 3C 454.3 in 2010 November detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope is unlikely to originate from a single blob inside the BLR. This is because it moves outside the BLR in a time shorter than the flare duration, although emission by multiple blobs inside the BLR is possible. Also, γ-rays are unlikely to originate from outside of the BLR, due to the scattering of photons from an extended dust torus, since the cooling timescale would be too long to explain the observed short variability.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SUB-MICRON-SIZED DUST GRAINS IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF RED L0–L6 DWARFS
Authors: Hiranaka Kay , Cruz Kelle L. , Douglas Stephanie T. , Marley Mark S. , Baldassare Vivienne F. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We examine the hypothesis that the red near-infrared colors of some L dwarfs could be explained by a “dust haze” of small particles in their upper atmospheres. This dust haze would exist in conjunction with the clouds found in dwarfs with more typical colors. We developed a model that uses Mie theory and the Hansen particle size distributions to reproduce the extinction due to the proposed dust haze. We apply our method to 23 young L dwarfs and 23 red field L dwarfs. We constrain the properties of the dust haze including particle size distribution and column density using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We find that sub-micron-range silicate grains reproduce the observed reddening. Current brown dwarf atmosphere models include large-grain (1–100 μm) dust clouds but not sub-micron dust grains. Our results provide a strong proof of concept and motivate a combination of large and small dust grains in brown dwarf atmosphere models.
Hyperlipidaemia in HIV-Infected Patients on Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors:   the ACTG A5230 Study Team, Matoga Mitch M , Hosseinipour Mina C , Aga Evgenia , Ribaudo Heather J , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Bartlett John , Hughes Michael D 
Published: October 2016

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an emerging concern for HIV-infected patients. Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for CVD and a complication of protease-inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy, but little is known about its incidence and risk factors in treated patients in resource-limited settings (RLS). Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of ACTG A5230 trial in which HIV-infected adults from India, Malawi, Tanzania, Thailand and South Africa, with virological relapse on first-line therapy were initiated on lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy. Hyperlipidaemia was a grade 2+ elevated fasting total cholesterol (FTC≥240 mg/dl) or fasting triglycerides (FTG≥500 mg/dl) or calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL≥160 mg/dl) based on measurements at weeks 12, 24, 48, 68 and 104. We evaluated factors potentially associated with quantitative lipid changes from baseline to week 12. These were age, sex, race, site and baseline body mass index, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 RNA level and lipids. Results 106 participants without hyperlipidaemia at baseline started LPV/r; median age 39 years, 68% Black African, 55% female. The cumulative incidence of hyperlipidaemia at week 104 was 48% (95% CI 36, 58%). At week 12, there were significant mean increases from baseline in FTC (17 mg/dl, P<0.001) and FTG (104 mg/dl, P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, higher baseline FTC ( P=0.044), FTG ( P=0.025), Thai ( P<0.001) or Indian sites ( P=0.020) versus African sites were associated with increased risk of hyperlipidaemia. Conclusions In HIV-infected adults in RLS initiating LPV/r, hyperlipidaemia was common. Baseline lipid measurements and routine monitoring should be recommended in individuals starting LPV/r-based treatments with borderline high lipids.
Economic Outcomes of Influenza in Hospitalized Elderly with and without ICU Admission
Authors: Chan Yik-Kei , Wong Rity YK , Ip Margaret , Lee Nelson LS , You Joyce HS 
Published: October 2016

Background To describe direct medical costs of influenza in hospitalized elderly, with and without intensive care unit (ICU) admission, during the 2014–2015 season in Hong Kong. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 110 inpatients aged ≥65 years with laboratory-confirmed influenza treated by antiviral therapy during season 2014–2015 in a tertiary hospital. Resource utilization of influenza-related diagnostic and laboratory tests, medications for influenza treatment, usage of general medical ward and ICU during the influenza-related length of hospital stay (IR-LOS) were collected. Results There were 18 (16.4%) and 92 (83.4%) cases with and without ICU admission, respectively. The difference in influenza-related mortality rates between patients with (11.1%) and without ICU admission (2.2%) was not statistically significant ( P=0.064). Patients with ICU admission reported longer IR-LOS (12.7 ±6.0 days versus 5.5 ±2.7 days; P<0.001) and higher direct costs (36,588 USD ±21,482 versus 5,773 USD ±2,017; P<0.001; 1 USD=7.8 HKD). Male gender (OR=14.50; 95% CI 1.68, 125.07) and respiratory complications (OR=9.61; 95% CI 1.90, 48.50) were positive predictors of ICU admission. Age ≥70 years (OR=0.09; 95% CI 0.02, 0.46) and antiviral therapy initiation within 7 days (OR=0.05; 95% CI 0.003, 0.79) were negative predictors of ICU admission. Influenza B was a positive predictor of high-cost hospitalization in non-ICU survivors (OR=7.33; 95% CI 1.24, 43.29). No predictor of mortality was identified. Conclusions Hospitalization cost in elderly for seasonal influenza was substantial in Hong Kong. The cost in patients with ICU admission was significantly higher than those without ICU care. Respiratory complications and male gender predicted ICU admission. Influenza B infection predicted high-cost hospitalization in non-ICU survivors.
La question spirituelle dans le contexte de la maladie grave
Authors: Pujol Nicolas , Gueneau-Peureux Domitille , Beloucif Sadek 
Published: October 2016

L’émergence du concept de spiritualité en médecine et l’humanisation des pratiques soignantes ont favorisé la reconnaissance des besoins spirituels de la personne malade. Mais comment y répondre sans qu’ils soient récupérés par la logique médicale ? Les auteurs s’appuient sur une illustration clinique pour poser les balises d’une juste attention à la question spirituelle.
The Effect of Astigmatism Axis on Visual Acuity
Authors: Mimouni Michael , Nemet Achia , Pokroy Russell , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Kaiserman Igor 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To evaluate the effect of astigmatism axis on uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) in emmetropic eyes that underwent laser refractive surgery. Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy between January 2000 and December 2015 at the Care-Vision Laser Centers, Tel Aviv, Israel. Eyes with a 3-month postoperative spherical equivalent between -0.5 D and 0.5 D were included in this study. Eyes with ocular comorbidities and planned ametropia were excluded. Study eyes were divided into 3 groups according to the steep astigmatic axis: with the rule (WTR) (60-120), oblique (31-59 or 121-149), and against the rule (ATR) (0-30 or 150-180). The UDVA of these 3 groups was compared. The oblique group was divided into oblique ATR and oblique WTR, which were compared with each other. Results A total of 17,416 consecutive eyes of 8,708 patients were studied. The WTR eyes (n = 10,651) had significantly better UDVA (logMAR 0.01 ± 0.08) than the oblique (n = 3,141, logMAR 0.02 ± 0.09) and ATR eyes (n = 3,624, logMAR 0.02 ± 0.10) (p<0.001). The oblique WTR group had significantly better UDVA than the oblique ATR group (p<0.001). The UDVA of the oblique and ATR groups was similar. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the group accounted for 15% of the UDVA variance (p = 0.04). Conclusions The astigmatic axis has a small but significant effect on UDVA in emmetropic eyes; WTR was better than oblique and ATR astigmatism. Therefore, when correcting astigmatism, it may be preferable to err towards WTR astigmatism.
Deformation but not migration and rotation – a model study on vesicle biomechanics in a uniform DC electric field
Authors: Ye Hui , Curcuru Austen 
Published: October 2016

Background: Biological cells migrate, deform and rotate in various types of electric fields, which have significant impact on the normal cellular physiology. To investigate electrically-induced deformation, researchers have used artificial giant vesicles that mimic the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane. Containing primarily the neutral molecule phosphatidylcholine, these vesicles deformed under evenly distributed, strong direct current (DC) electric fields. Interestingly, they did not migrate or rotate. A biophysical mechanism underlying the kinematic differences between the biological cells and the vesicles under electric stimulation has not been worked out. Methods: We modeled the vesicle as a leaky, dielectric sphere and computed the surface pressure, rotation torques and translation forces applied on the vesicle by a DC electric field. We compared these measurements with those in a biological cell that contains non-zero, intrinsic charges (carried by the functional groups on the membrane). Results: For both the vesicle and the cell, the electrically-induced charges interacted with the local electric field to generate radial pressure for deformation. However, due to the symmetrical distribution of both the charges and the electric field on the vesicle/cell surface, the electric field could not generate net translation force or rotational torques. For a biological cell, the intrinsic charges carried by the cell membrane could account for its migration and rotation in a DC electric field. Conclusions: Results from this work suggests an interesting control diagram of cellular kinematics and movements by the electric field: cell deformation and migration can be manipulated by directly targeting different charged groups on the membrane. Fate of the cell in an electric field depends not only on the delicately controlled field parameters, but also on the biological properties of the cell.
Improvement of device performance and instability of tungsten-doped InZnO thin-film transistor with respect to doping concentration
Authors: Park Hyun-Woo , Song AeRan , Kwon Sera , Du Ahn Byung , Chung Kwun-Bum 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
W-doped InZnO (WIZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by co-sputtering with different W doping concentrations. We varied the W doping concentration to change the device performance and stability of the WIZO TFTs. WIZO TFTs with a W doping concentration of ∼1.1% showed the lowest threshold voltage shift and hysteresis. We correlated the device characteristics with the evolution of the electronic structure, such as band alignment, chemical bonding states, and band edge states. As the W doping concentration increased, the oxygen-deficient bonding states and W suboxidation states decreased, while the conduction-band offset and the incorporation of the WO
x
electronic structure into the conduction band increased.
Electronic structure modulation of graphene edges by chemical functionalization
Authors: Taira Remi , Yamanaka Ayaka , Okada Susumu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Using the density functional theory with the effective screening medium method, we study the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges that are terminated by hydrogen and ketone, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl functional groups. Our calculations showed that the work function and electronic structures of the edges of the nanoribbons are sensitive to the functional groups attached to the edges. The nearly free electron state emerges in the vacuum region outside the hydroxylated edges and crosses the Fermi level, indicating the possibility of negative electron affinity at the edges.
Sonographic Differentiation Between Angiolipomas and Superficial Lipomas
Authors: Shin Yoon Sang , Kim Yeo Ju , Park In Suh , Chu Young Chae , Kim Jun Ho , Lee Ha Young , Lee Kyung Hee , Kang Young Hye 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the sonographic findings of angio lipomas with those of superficial lipomas.MethodsPreoperative sonograms of 26 angiolipomas from 18 patients and 47 superficial lipomas from 43 patients that were confirmed by biopsy were reviewed retrospectively. The echo texture, echogenicity, internal echogenic stranding, vascularity, visualization of lateral and superficial‐deep tumor capsules, shape, and tumor length, width, and length‐to‐width ratio were evaluated and compared between angiolipomas and superficial lipomas.ResultsAngiolipomas frequently appeared as heterogeneous (19 of 26 [73.1%]), hyperechoic (23 of 26 [88.5%]), and ovoid (17 of 26 [65.4%]) masses with lesser visualized lateral tumor capsules (6 of 26 [23.1%]), whereas superficial lipomas appeared as homogeneous (36 of 47 [76.6%]), isoechoic (35 of 47 [74.5%]), and spindle‐shaped (23 of 47 [48.9%]) masses with well‐visualized lateral capsules (33 of 47 [70.2%]), and the differences were statistically significant (P < .001). Vascularity was seen in 4 angiolipomas (16.7%) and in no superficial lipomas (0%). The mean length and width ± SD of angiolipomas (2.2 ± 1.02 and 0.6 ± 0.27 cm, respectively) were smaller than those of superficial lipomas (4.2 ± 1.52 and 1.1 ± 0.51 cm), with statistical significance (P< .001). The other sonographic findings did not reveal statistically significant differences between the tumor types.ConclusionsSonography might help differentiate angiolipomas from superficial lipomas.
Miocene high‐elevation landscape of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Qiang , Liu Xiaohui , Ding Lin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe high topography of central Asia is the most distinctive expression of the India‐Asia collision, yet a broad understanding of the timing and processes involved in the development of the Tibetan Plateau remains elusive. Here we investigate the Neogene Songpan Basin located on the eastern margin of the plateau using oxygen isotope paleoaltimetry to determine when the steep Longmen Shan margin obtained its present elevations. Hydrologically open lacustrine and fluvial‐alluvial authigenic carbonates from the basin record the paleoelevations of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and suggest that the area has attained near‐present elevations of ∼3000 m by the late Miocene. This reconstruction is consistent with the results from the comparison of pollen fossils to their nearest living relatives in this area (2750–3050 m). We propose that the eastern Tibetan Plateau may have attained significant elevations prior to the late Miocene through an uplift scenario involving eastward growth of the plateau between the Eocene and the Miocene. Two tectonic processes, either crustal shortening in the Oligocene‐Miocene or eastward propagation of weakened lower crust starting in the Eocene, most likely thickened the crust and raised the surface of the eastern Tibetan Plateau to its present elevation by the late Miocene.
Crustal magma pathway beneath Aso caldera inferred from three‐dimensional electrical resistivity structure
Authors: Hata Maki , Takakura Shinichi , Matsushima Nobuo , Hashimoto Takeshi , Utsugi Mitsuru 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAt Naka‐dake cone, Aso caldera, Japan, volcanic activity is raised cyclically, an example of which was a phreatomagmatic eruption in September 2015. Using a three‐dimensional model of electrical resistivity, we identify a magma pathway from a series of northward dipping conductive anomalies in the upper crust beneath the caldera. Our resistivity model was created from magnetotelluric measurements conducted in November–December 2015; thus, it provides the latest information about magma reservoir geometry beneath the caldera. The center of the conductive anomalies shifts from the north of Naka‐dake at depths >10 km toward Naka‐dake, along with a decrease in anomaly depths. The melt fraction is estimated at 13–15% at ~2 km depth. Moreover, these anomalies are spatially correlated with the locations of earthquake clusters, which are distributed within resistive blocks on the conductive anomalies in the northwest of Naka‐dake but distributed at the resistive sides of resistivity boundaries in the northeast.