bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Game Performance Evaluation in Male Goalball Players
Authors: Molik Bartosz , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Kosmol Andrzej , Perkowski Krzysztof , Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Skowroński Waldemar , Gomez Miguel Angel , Koc Krzysztof , Rutkowska Izabela , Szyman Robert J 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Goalball is a Paralympic sport exclusively for athletes who are visually impaired and blind. The aims of this study were twofold: to describe game performance of elite male goalball players based upon the degree of visual impairment, and to determine if game performance was related to anthropometric characteristics of elite male goalball players. The study sample consisted of 44 male goalball athletes. A total of 38 games were recorded during the Summer Paralympic Games in London 2012. Observations were reported using the Game Efficiency Sheet for Goalball. Additional anthropometric measurements included body mass (kg), body height (cm), the arm span (cm) and length of the body in the defensive position (cm). The results differentiating both groups showed that the players with total blindness obtained higher means than the players with visual impairment for game indicators such as the sum of defense (p = 0.03) and the sum of good defense (p = 0.04). The players with visual impairment obtained higher results than those with total blindness for attack efficiency (p = 0.04), the sum of penalty defenses (p = 0.01), and fouls (p = 0.01). The study showed that athletes with blindness demonstrated higher game performance in defence. However, athletes with visual impairment presented higher efficiency in offensive actions. The analyses confirmed that body mass, body height, the arm span and length of the body in the defensive position did not differentiate players’ performance at the elite level.
Visual Impairment does not Limit Training Effects in Development of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity in Tandem Cyclists
Authors: Malwina Kamelska Anna , Krzysztof Mazurek , Piotr Zmijewski 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the differences in the effects of 7-month training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity in tandem cycling athletes with and without visual impairment. In this study, Polish elite (n=13) and sub-elite (n=13) visually impaired (VI) (n=13; 40.8 ±12.8 years) and properly sighted (PS) (n=13; 36.7 ±12.2 years) tandem-cycling athletes participated voluntarily in 7-month routine training. The following pre-/post-training measurements were conducted on separate days: maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated with age correction using the Physical Working Capacity test on a bicycle ergometer according to the Astrand-Ryhming method. Maximal power output (Pmax) was evaluated using the Quebec test on a bicycle ergometer. At baseline, VO2max (47.8 ±14.1 vs 42.0 ±8.3 ml/kg/min, respectively) and Pmax (11.5 ±1.5 vs 11.5 ±1.0 W/kg) did not differ significantly between PS and VI cyclists. However, differences in aerobic capacity were considered as clinically significant. Two-way ANOVA revealed that after 7 month training, there were statistically significant increases in VO2max (p=0.003) and Pmax (p=0.009) among VI (VO2max, +9.1%; Pmax, +6.3%) and PS (VO2max, +9.1%; Pmax, +11.7%) cyclists, however, no time x visual impairment interaction effect was found (VO2max, p=0.467; Pmax, p=0.364). After training, VO2max (p=0.03), but not Pmax (p=0.13), was significantly greater in elite compared to sub-elite tandem cyclists. VI and PS tandem cyclists showed similar rates of improvement in VO2max and Pmax after 7-month training. VO2max was a significant determinant of success in tandem cycling. This is one of the first studies providing reference values for aerobic and anaerobic capacity in visually impaired cyclists.
Balance Functional Assessment in People with Visual Impairment
Authors: Rutkowska Izabela , Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Molik Bartosz , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Marszałek Jolanta , Kaźmierska-Kowalewska Kalina , Koc Krzysztof 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aims of this study were twofold: to assess the level of balance of people with visual impairment against the BOT-2 standard scores for the able-bodied, and to identify in which trials subjects had the greatest difficulties in maintaining balance with respect to the degree of vision loss and age categories. One hundred twenty-seven subjects with visual impairment aged 6-16 years, participated in the study (68 girls and 59 boys). The division for partially sighted people (61) and the blind (66) was made according to the WHO classification. Functional balance assessment was made using a balance subtest from the Bruininks-Oseretsky test. Significant relationships were noticed between age and the level of balance (χ2 = 8.35 p <0,05), as well as between the degree of vision loss and the level of balance (χ2 = 24.53 p <0,001). The level of balance of almost all blind subjects was below (20%) or well-below (60%) the average for the able-bodied. The subjects’ ability to maintain balance was not dependent on gender and was associated primarily with the degree of visual impairment and age. Partially sighted people had better balance than the blind and the decrease in visual acuity resulted in reduction of balance skills. The lowest level of balance was observed in blind students aged 7-11 years. Elaborating physical fitness improvement programs for children and adolescents with visual impairment, diversity of age, the degree of vision loss and limitations of ablility to maintain balance should be taken into account.
Evaluation of Lipid Metabolism and Nutritional Status in Male Goalball Players
Authors: Gawlik Krystyna , Zwierzchowska Anna , Rosołek Barbara 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Lipid disorders, obesity and overweight are considered one of the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Population surveys carried out in Poland have demonstrated a tendency for lipid disorders to occur in 70% and overweight and obesity in more than half of Poles. No such studies have been conducted in groups of people with vision impairment so far. Yet, regular involvement of visually impaired people in sports is likely to reduce cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the authors attempted to evaluate the lipid profile and nutritional status of male goalball players. Thirty two blind or visually impaired male goalball players aged 20 to 45 years participated in the study during which somatic variables (BH, BM, WC, VFR, BMI) and the lipid profile (TC, LDL, HDL, TG) were evaluated. Overweight was found in 40.6% of athletes, with obesity being at the level of 9.3%. A high correlation was found between visceral fat and the BMI (r=0.7; p<0.001), as well as between visceral fat and WC (r=0.8; p<0.001). Abnormal total cholesterol levels were recorded for LDL (22% of study participants), HDL (17%) and triglycerides (13%). Lower levels of individual components of lipid profiles (and higher levels for HDL) were found in athletes with a normal BMI. A correlation was found between the BMI and TG (r=0.4, p<0.01), WC and TG (r=0.4, p<0.01), VFR and LDL (r=0.4, p<0.05) and TG (r=0.5, p<0.001). The percentage of overweight and obese subjects with vision impairment was lower compared to the general population of men in Poland, with a more beneficial lipid profile. Regular physical activity of the study participants is likely to have a positive effect on their health.
Detection Of Cracks In Composite Materials Using Hybrid Non-Destructive Testing Method Based On Vibro-Thermography And Time-Frequency Analysis Of Ultrasonic Excitation Signal
Authors: Prokopowicz Wojciech 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The theme of the publication is to determine the possibility of diagnosing damage in composite materials using vibrio-thermography and frequency analysis and time-frequency of excitation signal. In order to verify the proposed method experiments were performed on a sample of the composite made in the technology of pressing prepregs. Analysis of the recorded signals and the thermograms were performed in MatLab environment. Hybrid non-destructive testing method based on thermogram and appropriate signal processing algorithm clearly showed damage in the sample composite material.
Selected Problems Of Noninvasive Ooze Dredging In The Protected Areas Of Port Docks
Authors: Abramowicz-Gerigk Teresa , Burciu Zbigniew , Stefurak Wiktor 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of the ooze dredging concepts in the protected areas of harbour docks. The proposed method and system for ooze dredging are dedicated to all types of seabed protection, but the main concern are the geotextile mattresses, not resistant to mechanical damages. Due to the large seabed areas covered with this type of protection the effective method of noninvasive ooze dredging should be based on the use of a technical vessel for underwater works. The result of the analysis is the concept of the method and system for ooze dredging including in particular the mechanism for the automatic holding of the suction-dredge head in the proper distance from the seabed protection surface - the leading wheel truck and buoyancy-ballast system.
Analysis Of Traffic Conditions Based On The Percentage Of Drivers Using The Instructions Displayed On VMS Boards
Authors: Leszek Smolarek , Monika Ziemska 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The theme of the publication is to show the influence of human factor on traffic conditions during the traffic incident. The publication also depicts the functionality of the model at which the simulation was performed. The model was constructed in the VISSIM and VISUM software also using Visual Basic for Applications – Excel, [8,9]. By coordinating programs VBA and VISSIM was automated turned on or off the incident as well as turned on or off the VMS with information about the proposed of the alternative route. The additional differentiation of the percentage of drivers using the information displayed enabled to compare the data with identical external conditions influencing at traffic. For statistical analysis of data was used statistical program Statgraphics Centurion which made possible to build a model describing the impact of the behavior of drivers on traffic conditions. It is an innovative approach to modeling the impact on traffic conditions accepted by drivers information transmitted on the boards.
Stochastic Modelling Of The Repairable System
Authors: Andrzejczak Karol 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
All reliability models consisting of random time factors form stochastic processes. In this paper we recall the definitions of the most common point processes which are used for modelling of repairable systems. Particularly this paper presents stochastic processes as examples of reliability systems for the support of the maintenance related decisions. We consider the simplest one-unit system with a negligible repair or replacement time, i.e., the unit is operating and is repaired or replaced at failure, where the time required for repair and replacement is negligible. When the repair or replacement is completed, the unit becomes as good as new and resumes operation. The stochastic modelling of recoverable systems constitutes an excellent method of supporting maintenance related decision-making processes and enables their more rational use.
Realiability Of Heat Supply Subsystem
Authors: Babiarz Bożena 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The article presents the reliability analysis of subsystem of heat supply in the example of 47 thousand inhabitants’ city. The analysis was made on the basis of operational data made available by the Municipal Heating Company, between the years 2001 ÷ 2012. To describe the quantitative reliability of heat supply subsystem reliability indicators are used. Main times between failure and unitary failure rates including the month of their occurrence, type and diameter of the heating network, thermal power region were working out. Knowing the characteristics of the time to repair for the heating network, the reliability of heat supply subsystem for different thermal power region, considering the district heating system configuration can be determined.
Effect Of Selected Factors On The Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Authors: Stanisław Młynarski , Robert Pilch , Grzegorz Kaczor , Maksymilian Smolnik , Maciej Szkoda , Jan Szybka 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The presented paper concerns the functional safety problems of technical systems. The characteristics of safety assessment, described in IEC 61508 standard are an introduction to the problems associated with the methodology of the calculation of Safety Integrity Levels (SIL). The parameters obtained from reliability indicators, were calculated for the purpose of assessing the impact of repair time for the elements of a given system on the SIL. The calculated values of failure rate and the probability of dangerous failure show the sensitivity of the system at different time to repair values for various reliability-wise configurations. The indicators characterizing the safety level, calculated of the system with no repair time are the basis for demonstrating the influence of repair on the safety integrity level.
Studies of unicellular microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
Authors: Kubicz Ewelina , Jasińska Bożena , Zgardzińska Bożena , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Gajos Aleksander , Gorgol Marek , Kamińska Daria , Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Raczyński Lech , Rajfur Zenon , Rudy Zbigniew , Rundel Oleksandr , Sharma Neha Gupta , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Strzelecki Adam , Wieczorek Anna , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Moskal Paweł 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Results of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and microscopic studies on simple microorganisms, brewing yeasts, are presented. Lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) were found to change from 2.4 to 2.9 ns (longer-lived component) for lyophilized and aqueous yeasts, respectively. Also hygroscopicity of yeasts in time was examined, allowing to check how water – the main component of the cell – affects PALS parameters, thus lifetime of o-Ps were found to change from 1.2 to 1.4 ns (shorter-lived component) for the dried yeasts. The time sufficient to hydrate the cells was found below 10 hours. In the presence of liquid water, an indication of reorganization of yeast in the molecular scale was observed. Microscopic images of the lyophilized, dried, and wet yeasts with best possible resolution were obtained using inverted microscopy (IM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) methods. As a result, visible changes to the surface of the cell me mbrane were observed in ESEM images.
Study on the effect of atmospheric gases adsorbed in MnFe2O4/MCM-41 nanocomposite on ortho-positronium annihilation
Authors: Wiertel Marek , Surowiec Zbigniew , Budzyński Mieczysław , Gac Wojciech 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this paper, results of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) studies of MnFe2O4/MCM-41 nanocomposites in N2 and O2 atmosphere have been presented. In particular, the influence of manganese ferrite loading and gas filling on pick-off ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilation processes in the investigated samples was a point of interest. Disappearance of the longest-lived o-Ps component with τ5 present in the PAL spectrum of initial MCM-41 mesoporous material in the PAL spectra of MnFe2O4-impregnated MCM-41 measured in vacuum is a result of either a strong chemical o-Ps quenching or the Ps inhibition effects. The intensity I
4 of the medium-lived component initially increases, reaching a maximum value for the sample with minimum manganese ferrite content, and then decreases monotonically. Analogous dependence for the intensity I
3 of the shortest-lived component shows a maximum at higher MnFe2O4 content. Filling of open pores present in the studied nanocomposites by N2 or O2 at ambient pressure causes partial reappearance of the τ4 and τ5 components, except a sample with maximum ferrite content. The lifetimes of these components measured in O2 are shortened in comparison to that observed in N2 because of paramagnetic quenching. Anti-inhibition and anti-quenching effects of atmospheric gases observed in the MnFe2O4/MCM-41 samples are a result of neutralization of some surface active centers acting as inhibitors and weakening of pick-off annihilation mechanism, respectively.
Theologische Musikästhetik
Authors: Adolph Wolfram 
Published: December 2015

ZusammenfassungMit der Aufklärung hat sich um 1800 zugleich eine theologisch-aversive Tendenz verstetigt, die im 20. Jahrhundert einen säkularen Prozess radikaler Entmythologisierung bzw. Atheisierung des westlichen Musikbegriffs vehement beförderte. Ästhetische Reflexion über Musik führte in der Konsequenz zu einer verbreiteten Theologievergessenheit der mit dem Phänomen (geistlicher) Musik befassten hermeneutischen Disziplinen. Wolfram Adolph moniert, dass zeitgenössische Musikforschung im postsäkularen Kontext den „doppelten Kontrapunkt“ von
A New Start for Perspectives on Federalism
Authors: Martinico Giuseppe , Castaldi Roberto 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Perspectives on Federalism is closing its seventh year and its issue 2/2015 confirms the interdisciplinary nature of this intellectual enterprise. This issue is a very rich one, as it includes legal, historical and philosophical contributions. In spite of the evident diversities of these articles, we can identify three main connecting themes: latest developments in EU law, history of thought and European integration, and constitutional developments in national and supranational contexts.
Patenting in Europe: The Jurisdiction of the CJEU over European Patent Law
Authors: Minn Mari 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper will deal with EU competence over patent law, especially in the context of the TRIPS Agreement with reference to the ruling of CJEU in the Daiichi Sankyo case (CJEU case C-414/11 Daiichi Sankyo v DEMO Anonimos). The first part will explain the process of claiming patents at the national as well as the European level in order to understand the complexity of patent law, the second part will deal with the implications of jurisdiction and developments in EU patent regulations, the third part will deal with the effects of EU competence over the TRIPS patent provisions and the forth part will deal with the interpretation of substantive patent law in the light of the Daiichi Sankyo case.
International Dictatorship or International Democracy. A Discussion of Albert Camus’ 1946 Considerations
Authors: Visone Tommaso 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the seriesNeither Victims Nor Executioners(1946) the Franco-Algerian writer Albert Camus argued for the need of a relative utopia that would allow man, who refused the logic of murder and violence, to revolt against their historical condition. To this end Camus stressed the importance of fighting for a new democratic world order that would have reversed the condition of international dictatorship immanent in the interdependent world of the 20th century. In the series of essays another reading is possible; an attempt to find a new political way after the end of the classic modern world - a system founded on the supremacy of European nation-States - and to consider such an attempt as an interesting standpoint to face current transnational challenges.
Article 260 TFEU Sanctions in Multi-Tiered Member States
Authors: Vandenbruwaene Werner , Popelier Patricia , Janssens Christine 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The question at hand is located at the intersection of EU law and national constitutional law, and aims to answer the following problem: namely, how to mitigate federal concerns in the context of infringement procedures and financial sanctions under art. 260 TFEU. This article approaches this question both from the perspective of the Commission and the Court of Justice, as well as from the vantage point of the central and regional governments involved. After analysing the composition of the financial sanctions, we cover the involvement of subnational entities in the infringements proceedings in six tiered Member States (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) and the relevant national provisions for the partition of financial sanctions. The conclusions pertain to both the central and regional level and the EU institutions concerned, adhering to the multi-level relationship subjacent to this article.
De Gaulle, the “Empty Chair Crisis” and the European Movement
Authors: Caraffini Paolo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
European Movement International (EM) was founded in October 1948 after the Hague Congress held in May to coordinate the initiatives of the major European movements and political forces in favour of the unification of the Old Continent.
The aim of this essay is to analyse EM’s stance in defence of the Community institutions established under the Treaties of Paris (1951) and Rome (1957), in the face of the so-called “empty chair crisis”. This crisis between the French government and the other Community partners was triggered by proposals made in March 1965 by the Commission of the European Economic Community, chaired by Walter Hallstein, which established a direct relationship between the renewal of the financial regulation of the Common Agricultural Policy, the shift towards a system of “own resources” (from agricultural levies and customs duties) and the strengthening of the European Parliament’s powers.
Accelerating Fertility Decline in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Shapiro David 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper considers the question, what can governments in sub-Saharan Africa do to accelerate the decline of fertility in the region? It begins with a review and discussion of United Nations projections of fertility for sub-Saharan Africa, and suggests that in light of the stalling of fertility decline that has been observed in some countries of the region, those projections may be optimistic regarding the pace of fertility decline. An overview of the policy environment emphasizes several aspects of government views and policies on fertility and population growth and how they have changed over time, and some differences among sub-regions are noted. The Easterlin framework for fertility analysis serves as the theoretical framework for examination of how existing policies function to influence fertility. The paper concludes by discussing what governments can do to accelerate the decline of fertility.
La cortesía lingüística en la publicidad editorial
Authors: Hernández Asunción Escribano 
Published: December 2015

ResumenTodas las estrategias corteses que refuerzan la imagen o el territorio de los dos polos del proceso comunicativo, emisor y receptor, o que mitigan la vulneración de ambos, se ponen en la retórica publicitaria editorial al servicio de la venta de los productos editoriales y librescos. La cortesía es recurrida, por tanto, en este ámbito comercial como modo de acercamiento al posible comprador mediante los refuerzos valorizantes de la imagen y del territorio, propios o ajenos, y atenuadores, en el caso de los actos descorteses. En este estudio nos acercamos a ocho maneras en las que la retórica editorial recurre a la cortesía para conseguir incrementar sus ventas mediante los usos lingüísticos intensificadores o mitigadores con los que las editoriales construyen y proyectan su mejor identidad.