bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive interactions between two fishing fleets in the North Sea
Authors: Sys Klaas , Poos Jan Jaap , Van Meensel Jef , Polet Hans , Buysse Jeroen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We examine whether the landing rates of Belgian beam trawlers in the Southern Bight of the North Sea were affected through competitive interactions with the Dutch beam trawler fleet and whether the development of a pulse trawler fleet has altered competitive interactions between both fleets. Effects of competition were investigated through a natural experiment based on the different weekly exploitation patterns of both fleets. Logbook data were used to fit a generalized additive mixed model for the daily landing rates of the target species sole (Solea solea) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Results showed that landing rates of sole by the Belgian beam trawlers (&gt;221 kW) from 2006 to 2013 were lower during weekdays than during weekends when the Dutch trawler fleet is in harbour, while no such an effect was found for plaice. After the development of a pulse trawler fleet in 2011, the negative weekday effect in the sole landing rates was much more pronounced in 2012 and 2013. This increased loss of efficiency during weekdays, as a result of increased competition with the Dutch trawler fleet, coincided with a reallocation of fishing effort by the Belgian beam trawler fleet.
The Value of a Legally Astute Top Management Team
Authors: Bagley Constance E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article describes the construct of “legal astuteness” and explains why it is a valuable dynamic capability. It also examines the systems approach to law and strategy, which embeds the top management team within the firm’s “ecosystem.” The discussion begins with an overview of the dynamic capabilities approach to competitive advantage and proceeds by identifying the requirements of legal astuteness: a set of value-laden attitudes about the importance of law and ethical behavior to firm success; a proactive approach to management, regulation, and risk; context-specific knowledge of the law and the appropriate use of legal tools; and strategically astute counsel. The article then explains how legally astute top management teams can augment contracts with relational governance; practice strategic compliance management; enhance, combine, protect, and reconfigure tangible and intangible assets; and manage human resources more effectively. Finally, it outlines degrees of legal astuteness.
New Trends in Prehistoric North-eastern North American Agriculture Evidence
Authors: Hart John P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A primary focus of research on plant use by Native Americans in temperate north-eastern North America has been on the adoption of agricultural crops domesticated elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. The adoption of the triad maize, common bean, and squash, particularly, has been seen as transformative—changing mobile hunter-gatherers into sedentary or semi-sedentary agriculturists. Based on a decade and a half of research, focused on central New York, it is now established that the three crops have separate histories and that their respective adoptions did not lead to major changes in subsistence systems. Much of this shift is based on microbotanical research. Intensive sampling and analysis of macrobotanical remains have similarly extended our knowledge of wild plant use in the North-east. There is a distinct need to build multiple lines of evidence across the North-east in order to build more comprehensive understandings of crop histories.
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF MERCURY LEVELS IN BLUE MARLIN (Makaira nigricans, Lacepède 1802) AND SWORDFISH (Xiphias gladius, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , Amorim Alberto F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMercury in the environment comes from natural processes and industrial activities. The inorganic form associates with the organic matter resulting on methylmercury (MeHg), the most toxic form to man. Mercury occurs in fishes mostly in organic form, the methylmercury. The billfishes appear to have high mercury levels because they are large predators that occupy top levels in the trophic chain. The mercury biomagnificates through the trophic chain and reaches high concentrations in top predators. The present study summarized the information about mercury levels in billfishes available in the literature, with emphasis on swordfish and blue marlin and made an analysis of data from several studies using the multivariate technique Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster (AHC). The total mercury (THg) ranged from 0.7μg/g to 12.2μg/g in blue marlin and from 0.04μg/g to 5.1μg/g in swordfish, with data from 121 blue marlin specimens and 354 of swordfish. While a large part of the mercury content of the blue marlin was above 0.5μg/g allowed by WHO, the specimens of swordfish summarized on the present study showed generally lower values within or slightly above this limit, but the swordfish is still consumed nowadays, and large amounts consumed oftentimes may represent a risk to human health.
Negative emotions in Mexican, Puerto Rican and Spanish hospitals
Authors: Otero-Neira Carmen , Padin Carmen , Sosa Varela Juan Carlos , Santos Corrada Maria , Magana Irma , Svensson Goran 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to assess negative emotions in Mexican, Puerto Rican and Spanish service settings in the hospital industry. The paper also attempts to validate previous findings in existing theory and previous studies across three national samples and describes the similarities and differences in negative emotions between Mexican, Puerto Rican and Spanish service settings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The current study comprised Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and Spaniards who experienced a service failure (i.e. critical incident) in hospital settings within the past year. A descriptive research design was followed, and a self-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the data from respondents.

Findings
– The three-dimensional construct of negative emotions commonly identified in existing theory and previous studies of negative emotions turned out to be four in the current multinational study.

Research limitations/implications
– The four-dimensional construct of negative emotions thus revealed is relevant and valuable to research. A number of research limitations are provided, all of which provide opportunities for further research in assessing negative emotions in service settings.

Practical implications
– Service providers need to manage and deal with the negative emotions in service failures in an appropriate manner. It is necessary that the front-line staff identify and understand the reasons behind service receiver’s negative emotions in service failures, and that they act accordingly to reduce the intensity of critical incidents and the overall negative consequences.

Originality/value
– The negative emotions assessed provide a fruitful contribution and do not only complement additional facets to existing theory and previous studies of negative emotions in service settings but also fortify the notion that further research is required to gain an enhanced understanding and additional insights into them across countries and cultures, just as it is crucial to manage the occurrence of negative emotions in critical incidents accurately.
Assessment of the telephone service provision
Authors: Jankalova Miriam 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– A system of fixed defined criteria and indicators that would provide a complex picture of the telephone service provision by a particular company does not exist. The purpose of this paper is to propose a telephone service index which represents one of the possibilities how to solve problems related to the decision-making of a customer regarding the selection of a telecommunication company.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author has performed a primary research on the sample of 402 respondents from various regions of Slovakia with the aim to determine the rate of importance of criteria and their individual indicators when assessing the telephone service provision. With regard to the nature of the proposal, mathematical-statistical methods and secondary research were applied.

Findings
– Although the decisive factor of assessment of the telephone service provision by the telecommunication company is the ability of such company to meet and satisfy requirements and needs of customers, indices of situation are indicators of criteria quality, price, availability and individual partial indices. On the grounds of achieved results, the discriminatory function is presented, i.e. the telephone service index, being most suitable for a quantitative assessment of the telephone service provision.

Practical/implications
– The telephone service index can be applied in the area of regulation; it contributes to the support of effective economic competition to the development of domestic market and to support and taking into account interests of citizens.

Social/implications
– The index represents a source of information for three subjects operating on the telephone service market (regulatory office, service provider and service user). It provides content, form and method for publishing of different information that provides the users with the access to complete comparable and user-friendly information.

Originality/value
– It concerns the quantitative assessment of the telephone service provision by means of numerical indicators with differentiated weight. The proposed telephone service index represents a discriminatory function enabling the differentiation of telecommunication companies with regard to quality, price and availability of this service for customers.
Tourism conversion and place branding: the case of the Olympic Park in Montreal
Authors: Roult Romain , Adjizian Jean-Marc , Auger Denis 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Many Olympic cities are faced with the challenge of converting various remaining infrastructures after the Games have been held. These infrastructures, often imposing and highly specialized, require local actors to innovate and engage in an urban renewal process that can be very complex and expensive when trying to give them a second life as tourism sites. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on an online survey administered to international travellers (n=5,553) and 36 semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders, this study shows that the Olympic Park, mainly through the stadium, has international recognition.

Findings
– However, the sustainability and development of these attractions will need a major overhaul with its welcoming amenities and the integration of the surrounding neighbourhoods in the regeneration plan.

Originality/value
– Among these facilities, we have the Montreal Olympic Stadium, which is often identified as the architectural jewel of the games and is used as an urban flagship in tourism development strategies. This situation raises several questions not only in the field of tourism, but also the fields of urban studies, leisure and sociology. This paper will examine the case of the Olympic Park in Montreal and its urban regeneration concepts and place branding that have been integrated into the tourism strategies since the early 2000s.
Novel Trypanosomatid-Bacterium Association: Evolution of Endosymbiosis in Action
Authors: Kostygov Alexei Y. , Dobáková Eva , Grybchuk-Ieremenko Anastasiia , Váhala Dalibor , Maslov Dmitri A. , Votýpka Jan , Lukeš Julius , Yurchenko Vyacheslav 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

We describe a novel symbiotic association between a kinetoplastid protist,
Novymonas esmeraldas
gen. nov., sp. nov., and an intracytoplasmic bacterium, “
Candidatus
Pandoraea novymonadis” sp. nov., discovered as a result of a broad-scale survey of insect trypanosomatid biodiversity in Ecuador. We characterize this association by describing the morphology of both organisms, as well as their interactions, and by establishing their phylogenetic affinities. Importantly, neither partner is closely related to other known organisms previously implicated in eukaryote-bacterial symbiosis. This symbiotic association seems to be relatively recent, as the host does not exert a stringent control over the number of bacteria harbored in its cytoplasm. We argue that this unique relationship may represent a suitable model for studying the initial stages of establishment of endosymbiosis between a single-cellular eukaryote and a prokaryote. Based on phylogenetic analyses,
Novymonas
could be considered a proxy for the insect-only ancestor of the dixenous genus
Leishmania
and shed light on the origin of the two-host life cycle within the subfamily Leishmaniinae.

IMPORTANCE
The parasitic trypanosomatid protist
Novymonas esmeraldas
gen. nov., sp. nov. entered into endosymbiosis with the bacterium “
Ca.
Pandoraea novymonadis” sp. nov. This novel and rather unstable interaction shows several signs of relatively recent establishment, qualifying it as a potentially unique transient stage in the increasingly complex range of eukaryotic-prokaryotic relationships.
GP contact with patients after treatment for hip fracture: frequency and determinants
Authors: Thomas Matthew , Khan Sameer K , Phipps Norah , Shirley Mark D F , Aldridge Stephen , Fearon Paul V , Deehan David J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with hip fracture have complex medical issues, both at the time of admission and after discharge from hospital. We have observed a surge in patient-initiated and carer-initiated contacts with general physicians (GPs) for periods longer than those usually reported, in a series of patients sustaining fractures from July 2008 to September 2013.ObjectivesTo establish (1) the frequency of contact with GPs (primary outcome) and (2) the factors influencing the frequency of different modes of contact.MethodsTen GP practices in West Northumberland were asked to retrospectively identify patients sustaining hip fractures, and to provide data on the number of GP contacts (patient visits to GP, telephone consultations, GP visits to patient's home) up to 1 year before and 1 year after fracture. Generalised linear models (GLM) were constructed using number of postfracture GP contacts as response variable; age, gender, residential status, number of prefracture contacts and days to contact postfracture were covariates.ResultsEach patient recorded cumulative 8.4 GP contacts before and 10.79 contacts after fracture. There were significantly more telephone contacts with GPs and GP home visits, but significantly fewer patient visits to GP clinics. In the GLM analysis, patient age and number of prefracture GP contacts predicted all types of postfracture contacts, while gender was not. Patients discharged home visited their GPs five times more frequently than those discharged to institutional care.ConclusionsAfter hip fractures, telephone contacts and GP visits to patients' homes increase, but patient visits to GP clinics decrease, influenced by age and residential status.
Outcomes With Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Stent Implantation
Authors: Elgendy Islam Y. , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Elgendy Akram Y. , Bavry Anthony A. 
Published: March 2016

Background—
In the era of drug-eluting stents, it is unknown if intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance for percutaneous coronary intervention should be routinely endorsed. This study aimed to determine if IVUS-guided stent implantation is associated with improved outcomes.

Methods and Results—

Randomized trials that reported clinical outcomes and compared routine IVUS-guided stent implantation with an angiography-guided approach in the era of drug-eluting stents were included. Summary estimates were constructed primarily using the Peto model. Seven trials with 3192 patients were analyzed. The mean length of the coronary lesions was 32 mm. At a mean of 15 months, routine IVUS-guided percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiac events (6.5% versus 10.3%; odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.77;
P
<0.0001), mainly because of reduction in the risk of ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (4.1% versus 6.6%; odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.84;
P
=0.003). The risk of cardiovascular mortality (0.5% versus 1.2%; odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–1.00;
P
=0.05), and stent thrombosis (0.6% versus 1.3%; odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.99;
P
=0.04) also appeared to be lower in the IVUS-guided group.

Conclusions—
In the era of drug-eluting stents for diffuse coronary lesions, IVUS-guided percutaneous coronary intervention is superior to angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiac events. This is primarily because of reduction in the risk of ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization. This analysis also suggests that risk of cardiovascular mortality and stent thrombosis might be lower with an IVUS-guided approach.
Risk Factors for Nonplatelet Thromboxane Generation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Kakouros Nikolaos , Nazarian Susanna M. , Stadler Patrizia B. , Kickler Thomas S. , Rade Jeffrey J. 
Published: March 2016

Background

Persistent thromboxane (
TX
) generation while receiving aspirin therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The Reduction in Graft Occlusion Rates (
RIGOR
) study found that aspirin‐insensitive
TXA
2
generation, indicated by elevated urine 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
(
UTXB
2
) 6 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, was a potent risk factor for vein graft thrombosis and originated predominantly from nonplatelet sources. Our goal was to identify risks factors for nonplatelet
TXA
2
generation.

Methods and Results

Multivariable modeling was performed by using clinical and laboratory variables obtained from 260
RIGOR
subjects with verified aspirin‐mediated inhibition of platelet
TXA
2
generation. The strongest variable associated with
UTXB
2
6 months after surgery, accounting for 47.2% of the modeled effect, was urine 8‐iso‐prostaglandin (
PG)F
2α
, an arachidonic acid metabolite generated nonenzymatically by oxidative stress (standardized coefficient 0.442,
P
<0.001). Age, sex, race, lipid therapy, creatinine, left ventricular ejection fraction, and aspirin dose were also significantly associated with
UTXB
2
(
P
<0.03), although they accounted for only 4.8% to 10.2% of the modeled effect. Urine 8‐iso‐
PGF
2α
correlated with risk of vein graft occlusion (odds ratio 1.67,
P
=0.001) but was not independent of
UTXB
2
. In vitro studies revealed that endothelial cells generate
TXA
2
in response to oxidative stress and direct exposure to 8‐iso‐
PGF
2α
.

Conclusions

Oxidative stress–induced formation of 8‐iso‐
PGF
2α
is strongly associated with nonplatelet thromboxane formation and early vein graft thrombosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The endothelium is potentially an important source of oxidative stress–induced thromboxane generation. These findings suggest therapies that reduce oxidative stress could be useful in reducing cardiovascular risks associated with aspirin‐insensitive thromboxane generation.
Short‐Term High‐Dose Vitamin E to Prevent Contrast Medium–Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Elective Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Rezaei Yousef , Khademvatani Kamal , Rahimi Behzad , Khoshfetrat Mehran , Arjmand Nasim , Seyyed‐Mohammadzad Mir‐Hossein 
Published: March 2016

Background

Contrast medium–induced acute kidney injury (
CIAKI
) is a leading cause of acquired renal impairment. The effects of antioxidants have been conflicting regarding the prevention of
CIAKI
. We performed a study of vitamin E use to decrease
CIAKI
in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography.

Methods and Results

In a placebo‐controlled randomized trial at 2 centers in Iran, 300 patients with chronic kidney disease—defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
—were randomized 1:1 to receive 0.9% saline infusion 12 hours prior to and after intervention combined with 600 mg vitamin E 12 hours before plus 400 mg vitamin E 2 hours before coronary angiography or to receive placebo. The primary end point was the development of
CIAKI,
defined as an increase ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% in serum creatinine that peaked within 72 hours. Based on an intention‐to‐treat analysis,
CIAKI
developed in 10 (6.7%) and 21 (14.1%) patients in the vitamin E and placebo groups, respectively (
P
=0.037). Change in white blood cell count from baseline to peak value was greater in the vitamin E group compared with the placebo group (−500 [−1500 to 200] versus 100 [−900 to 600]×10
3
/mL
, P
=0.001). In multivariate analysis, vitamin E (odds ratio 0.408, 95% CI 0.170–0.982,
P
=0.045) and baseline Mehran score (odds ratio 1.257, 95%
CI
1.007–1.569;
P
=0.043) predicted CIAKI.

Conclusions

Prophylactic short‐term high‐dose vitamin E combined with 0.9% saline infusion is superior to placebo for prevention of
CIAKI
in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02070679.
LE MARQUEUR LAIZHE
Authors: Iljic Robert 
Published: March 2016

This paper is an attempt at coherent analysis of the Pekingese Laizhe.
The scarcity of linguistic material available on this time and aspect marker justifies a thorough descriptive study of its syntactic and semantic properties which, consequently, leads to a better unterdstanding of the basic principles inherent in the Chinese way of expressing the categories of time and aspect in general. Among other things, it points out the difference of character between the verbal suffixes -guo and -le.
Laizhe marks the "cut off" (i.e. "coupure"), an abstract operation, which implies that a given process or state which was going on in the past was subsequently closed and, indeed, cut off from the present.
WRITTEN CANTONESE OF HONG KONG
Authors: Bauer Robert S. 
Published: March 2016

Dans une première partie, sont examinés les rapports du cantonais écrit avec les différents registres du cantonais parlé, en particulier sur le plan lexical, ainsi que l'impact du vocabulaire anglais.La deuxième partie analyse des textes de cantonais écrit afin d'en identifier les conventions orthographiques et les tendances favorisant l'apparition d'un syllabaire exploitant les valeurs phonétiques tant des caractères chinois que des lettres latines.La troisième partie décrit les contextes dans lesquels apparaît le cantonais écrit. Enfin la dernière partie étudie l'attitude de la communauté de Hong Kong vis-à-vis de l'avenir de la langue cantonaise après 1997.
Republication of “Preschool Programs: Preliminary Findings”
Authors: Weikart David P. 
Published: March 2016

Editor’s Note In recent years, more than 700,000 children aged 3 through 5 years identified with speech or language impairments (44%), developmental delay (37%), autism (9%), and other disabilities (10%) received federally supported special education services. For our republished article in the inaugural issue of the 50th anniversary volume, we have selected a historical piece by David P. Weikart. Working in Ypsilanti, Michigan, in the early 1960s, Weikart and his colleagues saw the need for—and projected the benefits of providing—structured educational experiences to preschool children from disadvantaged backgrounds. His work on the Perry Preschool Project is widely recognized as a foundation for evidence-based practices driving continuing interest in and success of early childhood education and special education programs today.