bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal, Behaviour and Anxiety Outcomes in Autistic Children Following an Open Label, Randomised Pilot Study of Synbiotics vs Synbiotics and Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy
Authors: Mitchell Leanne K. , Heussler Helen S. , Burgess Christopher J. , Rehman Ateequr , Steinert Robert E. , Davies Peter S.W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlterations of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). DGBI are highly prevalent in autistic children and are associated with worsening behaviour and anxiety. Treatments such as probiotics, prebiotics and gut-directed hypnotherapy (GDH) have shown efficacy in improving gut symptoms in children. The primary objective of the study was to compare changes in gastrointestinal (GI) scores following a 12-week intervention of synbiotics (prebiotic + probiotic) +/- GDH with a follow-up at 24 weeks. Secondary objectives included changes in behavioural and anxiety symptoms, while changes in gut microbiome composition were assessed as an exploratory objective. Children diagnosed with ASD aged 5.00-10.99 years (n = 40) were recruited and randomised (1:1) to a 12-week intervention of either synbiotics (SYN group) or synbiotics + GDH (COM group). Both the SYN and COM group experienced significant reductions in total GI scores post-intervention and at follow-up (p < 0.001), with no superiority of the COM treatment over the SYN treatment. The COM group showed beneficial reductions in anxiety scores (p = 0.002) and irritability behaviours (p < 0.001) which were not present in the SYN group. At follow-up, only those in the COM group maintained significant reductions in GI pain scores (p < 0.001). There were significant changes in gut microbiota such as increases in Bifidobacterium animalis and Dialister in both groups over time. In conclusion, synbiotics with or without GDH may help support standard care for autistic children who suffer comorbid DGBI. The trial was prospectively registered at clinicialtrials.gov on 16 November 2020 (NCTO4639141).
The Policy Potential of Monitoring Market Proximal Maritime Connectivity Over Time: The Case of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Trent Nadia M. , Joubert Johan W. , Kieu Minh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA country’s maritime connectivity is integral to its international trade and regional economic growth. Advancements in technology and complex network theory have elevated maritime connectivity in regional transport policy agendas. This study introduces a novel conceptualisation of the maritime network called the market proximal network which better highlights connectivity concerns and opportunities that leverage a country’s current market position. By implementing a temporal view (using Time-Granularity Graphs) of the market proximal network, connectivity trends can be appreciated. The policy value of this approach is illustrated by the case of Aotearoa New Zealand, a maritime connectivity taker, between January 2018 and June 2021. Five maritime connectivity priorities are identified regarding the country’s gateways onto the major maritime highways. The potential policy value of the temporal view of the market proximal network is illustrated by identifying priorities that are actionable because they are based on the existing business cases that draw shipping companies to call in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Decomposition and equivalence of general nonlinear dynamical control systems
Authors: Aranda-Bricaire E. , Califano C. , Moog C. H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProjection and equivalence concepts have been widely studied in the literature. In the present paper two nonlinear systems with the same number of inputs, but not the same number of state variables, are considered. Under mild assumptions, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a submersion such that the higher dimensional system projects locally onto the other one. The solution to this problem has relevant applications, for instance in robotics. It includes as a special case the equivalence of nonlinear systems with no particular structure.
A zero cash dividend policy: the UK experience
Authors: Baker H. Kent , Kilincarslan Erhan , Demiralay Sercan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the perceptions of corporate managers of non-dividend-paying firms listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) to identify the factors and explanations leading to a zero cash dividend policy. Our survey evidence shows that the main reasons for not paying dividends involve poor profitability, the firm’s life cycle stage and profitable growth opportunities. Managers consider shareholder preferences when setting a zero cash dividend policy, but neither taxes nor share repurchases (as substitutes for cash dividends) explain this policy. High insider ownership and transaction costs also do not explain why some UK companies pay no cash dividends. However, respondents confirm that the cost of raising new external funds (debt) is an important factor in not distributing cash dividends. Our results are inconclusive on the potential signaling effect of not paying dividends. Finally, the findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the decision to follow a zero cash dividend policy in the United Kingdom.
Crack propagation and stress evolution in fluid-exposed limestones
Authors: Liu Z. , Dabloul R. , Jin B. , Jha B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCrack initiation and propagation in rocks exposed to injected fluids must be understood better for sustainable sequestration and geo-energy applications. One specific challenge is the characterization of the fluid-induced changes in the stress state and mechanical properties when multiple cracks grow and interact with each other. We conduct crack propagation tests on brine-exposed and supercritical $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

-exposed Indiana limestone samples under uniaxial compression conditions. By analyzing the displacement and strain fields using Digital Image Correlation and the first arrival time and amplitude of the transmitted shear waves, we characterize the effect of crack propagation and interaction events on stress and toughness. We build 3-D simulation models of crack propagation under uniaxial compression using the extended finite element method to analyze the 3-D stress and deformation fields in high resolution. We quantify the evolution of crack-tip’s J-integral value with the crack length for wing cracks and shear cracks in samples exposed to mixtures of brine and supercritical $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

at subsurface conditions. Experimental and simulation results are synthesized to gain insights into crack propagation, shear-to-tensile failure transition, and interaction of cracks in fluid-exposed rocks. Crack length and J-integral analysis quantifies the impact of fluid exposure on the fracture toughness.
The Role of Niobium during Heat Treatment of High-Vanadium High-Speed Steel Rolls for Improved Mechanical Properties
Authors: Chauke Rivoningo E. , Siyasiya Charles W. , Nyabadza Davisn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh-speed steel (HSS) provides superior wear resistance and high surface quality of rolled-steel products. In this study, the influence of niobium addition on the solidification behavior and microstructure of high-speed steel rolls and their impact on the roll’s hardness and wear resistance were investigated by a combination of thermodynamic simulations of solidification using ThermoCalc, optical and scanning microscopy and hardness testing. The study was conducted on two centrifugal-cast commercial high-vanadium high-speed steel sleeves whose compositions differed in niobium content. Thermodynamic simulations showed that niobium promotes the precipitation of proeutectic Nb-rich MC carbide during solidification. Microscopic observations showed that the proeutectic carbide promotes carbide dispersion in the microstructure. This was found to improve the microhardness of the martensitic matrix and counteract softening during repeated tempering treatment. The addition of less than 2 wt.% Nb in the HSS roll yielded better hot hardness as a result of the roll’s better microstructural integrity and response to HT. The conclusion was that Nb-containing HSS rolls can be produced for the hot-rolling stands that operate at higher rolling force and temperature if the cost-benefit analysis is favorable.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 related in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation of 1.4 million patients in Germany and Switzerland, 2019 to 2022
Authors: Kodde Cathrin , Hohenstein Sven , Nachtigall Irit , Cavalli Yvonne , Schuepbach Reto , Graf Raphael , Bollmann Andreas , Kuhlen Ralf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In the 2020 emergence of SARS-CoV-2, global response lacked unified treatment and surveillance, resulting in diverse impacts due to varied healthcare resources and national guidelines. Germany and Switzerland curbed the virus initially by promptly tracking and testing, bolstered by strong governmental capacity. This study aimed to assess country-specific healthcare disparities and their impact on ICU admission rates, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods
To enhance healthcare quality using real-world data, the “Initiative of Quality Medicine” (IQM) was established. Pseudonymised routine data from participating hospitals, during 01/01/2019–31/12/2022, was retrospectively analysed, focusing on patients with SARI ± SARS-CoV-2-infection (U07.1). Cohorts were matched based on various factors and multivariable analyses included logistic regression.

Results
1.421.922 cases of SARI ± U07.1 involving 386 German and 41 Swiss hospitals were included. Patients in Germany were older (mean: 69.4 vs. 66.5 years) and had more comorbidities than in Switzerland (p < .001). Patients in Germany were also more likely to be treated on ICU (28% vs. 20%, OR 1.5 95% CI 1.5–1.6, p < .001) and mechanically ventilated (20% vs. 15%, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.4–1.5, p < .001). The in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in Germany than in Switzerland (21% vs. 12%, OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.9–2.0, p < .001). Matched cohorts showed reduced differences, but Germany still exhibited higher in-hospital mortality. Discrepancies were evident in both pre-pandemic and pandemic analyses, highlighting existing disparities between both countries.

Conclusion
IQM data from Swiss and German hospitals reveals country-specific differences in SARI ± U07.1 outcomes, highlighting higher in-hospital mortality in Germany, with uncertain causes suggesting varied treatments and resources.
Prevalence of Echolalia in Autism: A Rapid Review of Current Findings and a Journey Back to Historical Data
Authors: Sutherland Rebecca , Bryant Lucy , Dray Julia , Roberts Jacqueline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this rapid review was to understand how current research describes and quantifies the prevalence of echolalia, generally described as the repetition of other’s speech, in autism.

Recent Findings
Five databases were searched for papers published in the last ten years (i.e., since 2014) that reported studies presenting new data regarding echolalia prevalence among autistic participants (11 studies), and studies presenting secondary prevalence figures based on prior research (11 studies). Primary echolalia prevalence estimates among children and youth ranged from 25 to 91%. Studies citing secondary statistics drew their prevalence from six population samples reported across nine papers from 1965 to 2014, with most studies citing research published in the 1960s.

Summary
Highly varied prevalence estimates and discrepant definitions of echolalia across studies reflects longstanding and entrenched problems regarding the ways that echolalia is defined and described. More research into echolalia prevalence and change across age and ability groups is needed to inform evidence-based supports for autistic people.
Unleashing the Potential of Electroactive Hybrid Biomaterials and Self-Powered Systems for Bone Therapeutics
Authors: Liu Shichang , Manshaii Farid , Chen Jinmiao , Wang Xinfei , Wang Shaolei , Yin Junyi , Yang Ming , Chen Xuxu , Yin Xinhua , Zhou Yunlei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe incidence of large bone defects caused by traumatic injury is increasing worldwide, and the tissue regeneration process requires a long recovery time due to limited self-healing capability. Endogenous bioelectrical phenomena have been well recognized as critical biophysical factors in bone remodeling and regeneration. Inspired by bioelectricity, electrical stimulation has been widely considered an external intervention to induce the osteogenic lineage of cells and enhance the synthesis of the extracellular matrix, thereby accelerating bone regeneration. With ongoing advances in biomaterials and energy-harvesting techniques, electroactive biomaterials and self-powered systems have been considered biomimetic approaches to ensure functional recovery by recapitulating the natural electrophysiological microenvironment of healthy bone tissue. In this review, we first introduce the role of bioelectricity and the endogenous electric field in bone tissue and summarize different techniques to electrically stimulate cells and tissue. Next, we highlight the latest progress in exploring electroactive hybrid biomaterials as well as self-powered systems such as triboelectric and piezoelectric-based nanogenerators and photovoltaic cell-based devices and their implementation in bone tissue engineering. Finally, we emphasize the significance of simulating the target tissue’s electrophysiological microenvironment and propose the opportunities and challenges faced by electroactive hybrid biomaterials and self-powered bioelectronics for bone repair strategies.
Temperature driven n- to p-type conduction switching in SnSe and its mitigation through Zn doping with added advantage of Improved thermoelectric performance
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Singh Vishal , Sharma Sanjeev K. , Archana J. , Navaneethan M. , Pathak Ankita , Bharti Meetu , Singh Ajay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTin selenide (SnSe) has emerged as a surprising new p-type thermoelectric material with exceptionally low thermal conductivity, leading to impressive thermoelectric performance. However, the presence of thermally conducting & electrically insulating SnO2 at the grain boundaries of SnSe supresses its desirable thermoelectric properties. In this work we report temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient for polycrystalline SnSe which exhibits an unusual reversible change in conduction from n- to p-type at ~ 565 K. The n-type conduction near room temperature is attributed to the Se deficiency as well as SnO2 present at grain boundaries. At high temperature formation of Sn vacancies leads to p-type conduction. The Zn doping at Sn site (Sn1−xZnxSe) establishes the usual p-type conduction in the entire temperature range along with the lowering of thermal conductivity, resulting in a figure-of-merit of ~ 0.15 at 700 K, which is nearly 275% higher than that for pristine SnSe.
Graphical abstract
Contextual analysis of child labor laws and educational rights for children in Pakistan with a focus on KPK province
Authors: Hanane Merzougui , Xianghe Gong , Ali Danish 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChild labor is defined as the exploitation of children in any form of labor that destructively affects the child's mental, social, and physical health and creates hurdles to obtaining a regular education. This study was conducted to investigate the main socio-economic factors contributing to child labor and barriers to education and analyze the practical implications of child labor laws in Pakistan. The study area in this study is Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, Pakistan. The primary data were collected through an online questionnaire survey from teachers, school administrators, government officials responsible for enforcing child labor laws and educational policies, and representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), while personal observations and interviews were used for the collection of data from child laborers, parents or guardians of child laborers. A total of 80 teachers or education experts, 70 children and their guardians, 30 policymakers, and 20 social workers were participants in the data collection process. The outcomes of this study concluded that about 78% of participants lacked awareness of these laws, while 71% perceived them as ineffective. The socioeconomic factors contributing to child labor are quantitatively assessed, with poverty identified as the primary factor (65%). The statistical analysis indicates that the socioeconomic factors have a significant contribution to the implementation of child education laws in Pakistan (a p-value lower than the level of significance (0.05). Discrimination based on gender or social status, high cost of education, and insufficient qualified teachers are significant barriers to providing quality education for children in Pakistan. This study recommends promoting inclusive education and strengthening social welfare programs to support their efficacy in combating child labor and ensuring access to quality education for all children in Pakistan.
Acceptance of pharmacist-led stewardship recommendations for patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Walker Ramara E. , Schulte Rebecca , Pallotta Andrea M. , Tereshchenko Larisa G. , Criswell Victoria A. , Deshpande Abhishek , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalizations and mortality in the US. Overuse of extended spectrum antibiotics (ESA) for CAP contributes to antimicrobial resistance. The 2019 Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society CAP guidelines emphasize de-escalation of ESA following negative cultures, early switch to oral (PO) antibiotics, and limited duration of therapy (DOT). This study describes clinicians’ acceptance of an infectious diseases-trained (ID) pharmacist-led stewardship recommendations in hospitalized patients with CAP.

Methods:
This prospective, single-arm, cohort study included adults admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia to six Cleveland Clinic hospitals receiving ID pharmacist-led stewardship recommendations. The ID pharmacist provided recommendations for ESA de-escalation, DOT, intravenous (IV) to PO transition, and antimicrobial discontinuation. Descriptive statistics were used to describe clinician acceptance rates.

Results:
From November 1, 2022, to January 31, 2024, the ID pharmacist made recommendations for 685 patient encounters to 327 clinicians. Of these patients, 52% received an ESA and 15% had severe CAP. There were 959 recommendations: ESA de-escalation (19%), DOT (46%), IV to PO transition (19%), antimicrobial discontinuation (13%), and other (3%). Clinicians accepted 693 recommendations (72%): IV to PO transition (148/184, 80%), ESA de-escalation (141/181 78%), antimicrobial discontinuation (94/128, 73%), DOT (286/437, 65%), and other (24/29, 83%).

Conclusion:
Clinicians were generally receptive to ID pharmacist-led CAP recommendations with an overall acceptance rate of 72%. Prescribers were most receptive to recommendations for IV to PO conversion and least receptive to limiting DOT.
Data-Driven Policy Making and Its Impacts on Regulation: A Study of the OECD Vision in the Light of Data Critical Studies
Authors: Valli Buttow Clarissa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While the private sector is leading the way in digital transformation, the public sector is perceived as missing the opportunity. The way forward in this transformation is pointed out as adopting data-driven technologies as drivers of public policies. This will undoubtedly transform the regulatory process. To better understand how these technologies would intervene in the policy cycle and the effect of this transformation on regulation, this paper studies the work of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on the matter. Adopting the public policy cycle as an analytical lens and illuminated by the insights of Critical Data Studies, this paper deepens the understanding of how these technologies could change the policy cycle and bring together steps previously conceived as subsequential stages. This transformation can trigger a real disruption of the regulatory process as we currently know it.
Modification of boundary layer turbulence by submesoscale flows
Authors: Johnson Leah , Fox-Kemper Baylor 
Published: October 2024

The stirring and mixing of heat and momentum in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) are dominated by 1 to 10 km fluid flows – too small to be resolved in global and regional ocean models. Instead, these processes are parametrized. Two main parametrizations include vertical mixing by surface-forced metre-scale turbulence and overturning by kilometre-scale submesoscale frontal flows and instabilities. In present models, these distinct parametrizations are implemented in tandem, yet ignore meaningful interactions between these two scales that may influence net turbulent fluxes. Using a large-eddy simulation of frontal spin down resolving processes at both scales, this work diagnoses submesoscale and surface-forced turbulence impacts that are the foundation of OSBL parametrizations, following a traditional understanding of these flows. It is shown that frontal circulations act to suppress the vertical buoyancy flux by surface forced turbulence, and that this suppression is not represented by traditional boundary layer turbulence theory. A main result of this work is that current OSBL parametrizations excessively mix buoyancy and overestimate turbulence dissipation rates in the presence of lateral flows. These interactions have a direct influence on the upper ocean potential vorticity and energy budgets with implications for global upper ocean budgets and circulation.
The Hilbert series of the superspace coinvariant ring
Authors: Rhoades Brendon , Wilson Andrew Timothy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let

$\Omega _n$

be the ring of polynomial-valued holomorphic differential forms on complex n-space, referred to in physics as the superspace ring of rank n. The symmetric group

${\mathfrak {S}}_n$

acts diagonally on

$\Omega _n$

by permuting commuting and anticommuting generators simultaneously. We let

$SI_n \subseteq \Omega _n$

be the ideal generated by

${\mathfrak {S}}_n$

-invariants with vanishing constant term and study the quotient

$SR_n = \Omega _n / SI_n$

of superspace by this ideal. We calculate the doubly-graded Hilbert series of

$SR_n$

and prove an ‘operator theorem’, which characterizes the harmonic space

$SH_n \subseteq \Omega _n$

attached to

$SR_n$

in terms of the Vandermonde determinant and certain differential operators. Our methods employ commutative algebra results that were used in the study of Hessenberg varieties. Our results prove conjectures of N. Bergeron, Colmenarejo, Li, Machacek, Sulzgruber, Swanson, Wallach and Zabrocki.