bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sublingual sufentanil for postoperative pain management
Authors: van de Donk T. , Ward S. , Langford R. , Dahan A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAchieving successful treatment of postoperative pain remains a challenge. Recently, a sufentanil sublingual tablet system has been developed for treatment of moderate‐to‐severe postoperative pain. The phenylpiperidine sufentanil is a potent analgesic that rapidly crosses the blood–brain barrier and selectively activates central μ‐opioid receptors. The system makes use of a hand‐held dispenser system, which contains forty 15‐μg sufentanil sublingual micro‐tablets. The patient can release one tablet at 20‐min intervals using a unique radiofrequency adhesive tag, which is wrapped around the patient's thumb. In this review, the authors discuss the pharmacology of sublingual sufentanil with reference to its suitability in the treatment of postoperative pain, the current evidence for the sublingual sufentanil system in postoperative pain treatment, and advantages and limitations of the sublingual system. We conclude that sufentanil is suited for the transmucosal route due to its pharmacokinetic profile, including rapid onset, absence of active metabolites and low tissue accumulation. The efficacy and safety of the sufentanil sublingual tablet system has been shown in over 600 patients in a limited set of studies; further independent studies are required to determine the position of the system among other forms of postoperative pain treatment. We conclude that the sublingual sufentanil tablet system allows effective pain relief, and allows patients to control their own pain relief and early postoperative mobility.
Improving the detection of unusual observations in high‐dimensional settings
Authors: Ullah Insha , Pawley Matthew D.M. , Smith Adam N.H. , Jones Beatrix 
Published: December 2017

SummaryMultivariate control charts are used to monitor stochastic processes for changes and unusual observations. Hotelling's T2 statistic is calculated for each new observation and an out‐of‐control signal is issued if it goes beyond the control limits. However, this classical approach becomes unreliable as the number of variables p approaches the number of observations n, and impossible when p exceeds n. In this paper, we devise an improvement to the monitoring procedure in high‐dimensional settings. We regularise the covariance matrix to estimate the baseline parameter and incorporate a leave‐one‐out re‐sampling approach to estimate the empirical distribution of future observations. An extensive simulation study demonstrates that the new method outperforms the classical Hotelling T2 approach in power, and maintains appropriate false positive rates. We demonstrate the utility of the method using a set of quality control samples collected to monitor a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry apparatus over a period of 67 days.
Treat‐and‐extend versus every‐other‐month regimens with aflibercept in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Haga Akira , Kawaji Takahiro , Ideta Ryuichi , Inomata Yasuya , Tanihara Hidenobu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the 1‐year outcomes of treat‐and‐extend (TAE) and every‐other‐month (2M) regimens with intravitreal aflibercept in Japanese wet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.MethodsProspective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of eyes in which the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was maintained at week 52 [with a loss of <0.3 logarithm of minimum angular of resolution (logMAR) units]. The secondary outcome measures were the mean change from baseline in the central retinal thickness (CRT) and the number of injections.ResultsForty‐one patients were enrolled. The mean changes in the BCVA from baseline in the TAE and 2M were −0.32 ± 0.27 and −0.26 ± 0.30 logMAR units (p = 0.46). The TAE group was noninferior to the 2M group in BCVA maintenance. The mean CRT changes from baseline in the TAE and 2M were −161 ± 133 and −157 ± 90 μm (p = 0.73). The mean number of injections in the TAE and 2M were 7.5 ± 1.2 (range, 7–12) and 8.0 ± 0.0 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionTreat‐and‐extend (TAE) regimen with aflibercept improved the BCVA and CRT to the same extent as 2M regimen, with a reduced number of injections.
Anterior surface breakdown and implant extrusion following secondary alloplastic orbital implantation surgery
Authors: Axmann Shadi , Paridaens Dion 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundSecondary orbital implantation surgery can be complex due to scarring of the orbital tissues and can be complicated by implant exposure and extrusion.PurposeTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors of implant exposure and extrusion following secondary alloplastic orbital implantation surgery in anophthalmic patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients who underwent secondary placement of an alloplastic orbital implant by one surgeon between 2001 and 2016 in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital. Outcome parameters: implant exposure or extrusion. Other complications.ResultsSixty‐three patients underwent secondary orbital placement of scleral‐wrapped acrylic (60) or silicone (three) spherical implants. A subset of 25 patients had undergone earlier secondary orbital implant placement (by other surgeons) with exposure/extrusion necessitating additional implant surgery. Two patients were excluded due to lack of follow‐up (<3 months). Mean age was 49 years (range: 1–84.5 years). The mean follow‐up was 4.1 years (range: 0.25–13, 6 years). Implant exposure or extrusion occurred in six of 18 (33%) patients in whom no muscle had been reattached during secondary orbital implantation and in five of 43 (12%) patients in whom the extraocular recti muscles had been attached, but the follow‐up time was shorter for the latter group. Surgical treatment for implant exposure/extrusion was required in eleven of 61 patients (18%). Other complications included postoperative volume deficiency despite optimal prosthesis (five of 61, 8%), inclusion cysts (four of 61, 7%) and conjunctivitis sicca (two of 61, 3%). Seven of 61 (11%) patients required fornix deepening and seven (11%) blepharoptosis correction.ConclusionSecondary orbital implantation of sclera‐wrapped alloplastic implants was complicated by implant extrusion or exposure in 12% of cases in which the extraocular muscles were attached to the implant.
Paediatric breath‐holding spells are associated with autonomic dysfunction and iron deficiency may play a role
Authors: Tomoum H , Habeeb N , Elagouza I , Mobarez H 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study assessed cardiac performance and iron in subjects aged 12–36 months with breath‐holding spells (BHSs).MethodsWe consecutively recruited 40 subjects (55% male) experiencing BHSs from the general paediatric outpatients department at the Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Egypt, from 2015 to 2016. The 20 matched comparisons were mainly healthy siblings. The workup included iron levels and electrocardiograms.ResultsThe age at the onset of BHSs was 5–24 months with a median monthly frequency of 13. Almost two‐thirds of the patients had cyanotic spells, and one‐third had pallid spells, lasting 25–90 seconds. Lower serum iron levels and higher QT dispersion and T‐wave dispersion were recorded in patients than the comparison group, and 4.8% had dysrhythmia and bradycardia. We observed higher durations of bradycardia during attacks and higher occurrences of dysrhythmia during cyanotic spells, which were more frequent in patients with prolonged or frequent BHSs.ConclusionOur study of patients aged 12–13 months supported the theory of autonomic dysfunction in BHSs. The ECG findings, especially in patients with prolonged or frequent spells, need to be studied further to evaluate the risk of life‐threatening events. Iron deficiency may play a role in autonomic dysfunction in patients with BHSs.
Learning to Individuate: The Specificity of Labels Differentially Impacts Infant Visual Attention
Authors: Pickron Charisse B. , Iyer Arjun , Fava Eswen , Scott Lisa S. 
Published: December 2017

This study examined differences in visual attention as a function of label learning from 6 to 9 months of age. Before and after 3 months of parent‐directed storybook training with computer‐generated novel objects, event‐related potentials and visual fixations were recorded while infants viewed trained and untrained images (n = 23). Relative to a pretraining, a no‐training control group (n = 11), and to infants trained with category‐level labels (e.g., all labeled “Hitchel”), infants trained with individual‐level labels (e.g., “Boris,” “Jamar”) displayed increased visual attention and neural differentiation of objects after training.
A prospective, multi‐center study assessing early loading with short implants in posterior regions. A 3‐year post‐loading follow‐up study
Authors: Han Jie , Tang Zhihui , Zhang Xiao , Meng Huanxin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundFew prospective studies about early loading of short implant have been available and very little evidence exists on the outcomes longer than 3 years.PurposeTo assess clinical and radiographic outcomes of 6 mm‐short implants placed in the posterior maxilla and mandible applying an early loading protocol.Materials and methodsNinety‐five short implants (6 mm‐short, Ø 4 mm) were placed in 45 subjects at 3 study sites, 2 or 3 implants per subject, using a one‐stage surgical procedure and loaded with a screw‐retained splinted fixed prosthesis 6 weeks later. Follow‐up took place at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after loading. Marginal bone level changes, implant survival, clinical variables, and adverse events were assessed.ResultsThe survival rate for all implants placed was 95.8%. From implant loading to 3 years follow‐up, mean marginal bone level changes were minimal (0.07 ± 0.49 mm) and the peri‐implant soft tissue status was healthy. No major technical or biological complications occurred except for the 4 early implant losses.ConclusionThree‐year data indicates that the use of splinted 6 mm‐short implants is a viable treatment in posterior regions with low marginal bone resorption. Early loading after 6 weeks should be taken cautiously in patients with known risk factors.
How fast can treatment with overdentures improve the masticatory function and OHRQoL of atrophic edentulous patients? A 1‐year longitudinal clinical study
Authors: Marcello‐Machado Raissa Micaella , Faot Fernanda , Schuster Alessandra Julie , Bielemann Amália Machado , Nascimento Gustavo Giacomelli , Del Bel Cury Altair Antoninha 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the masticatory function (MF) and subjective perception of patients with poor denture‐bearing tissue in relation to change and the time required to identify an improvement in these parameters after rehabilitation with mandibular overdentures (MO) by two narrow‐diameter two‐piece implants.Material and methodsTwenty‐three edentulous patients were selected for MO installation. The masticatory function (MF) was evaluated with the masticatory performance (MP) and swallowing threshold (ST) tests. In the MP test, each volunteer was instructed to masticate a portion of Optocal (standardized artificial test food) for 40 masticatory cycles. During the swallowing threshold test, the patients were instructed to chew a new portion of Optocal cubes until they felt the desire to swallow. The MF tests were performed while complete denture (CD) wearers (baseline) and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after MO loading. In addition, the subjective perception was assessed through the questionnaires Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and Oral Health Impact Profile in Edentulous (OHIP‐ EDENT) at the baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after MO loading.ResultsA significant improvement in masticatory function (p < .05) was observed already in the first month of loading. Three months after MO loading, a significant improvement (p < .05) was found in the subjective perception of patients. The effect size indicates that the MO had the greatest impact on the domains related to function and comfort of all questionnaires and in relation to psychosocial domain of the GOHAI. The level of patient satisfaction increased significantly after the MO loading and reached >90% satisfied patients at 12 months.ConclusionThe MO improved both the MF of the patient and their oral health‐related quality of life and satisfaction regarding the prosthesis in a short time period.
A test of the substitution–habitat hypothesis in amphibians
Authors: Martínez‐Abraín Alejandro , Galán Pedro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMost examples that support the substitution‐habitat hypothesis (human‐made habitats act as substitutes of original habitat) deal with birds and mammals. We tested this hypothesis in 14 amphibians by using percentage occupancy as a proxy of habitat quality (i.e., higher occupancy percentages indicate higher quality). We classified water body types as original habitat (no or little human influence) depending on anatomical, behavioral, or physiological adaptations of each amphibian species. Ten species had relatively high probabilities (0.16–0.28) of occurrence in original habitat, moderate probability of occurrence in substitution habitats (0.11–0.14), and low probability of occurrence in refuge habitats (0.05–0.08). Thus, the substitution–habitat hypothesis only partially applies to amphibians because the low occupancy of refuges could be due to the negligible human persecution of this group (indicating good conservation status). However, low occupancy of refuges could also be due to low tolerance of refuge conditions, which could have led to selective extinction or colonization problems due to poor dispersal capabilities. That original habitats had the highest probabilities of occupancy suggests amphibians have a good conservation status in the region. They also appeared highly adaptable to anthropogenic substitution habitats.
Benefits of multimodal enhanced recovery pathway in patients undergoing kidney transplantation
Authors: Espino Kevin A. , Narvaez J. Reinier F. , Ott Michael C. , Kayler Liise K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundUse of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways to accelerate functional recovery and reduce length of stay (LOS) has rarely been investigated in kidney transplantation (KTX).Materials and MethodsConsecutive adult isolated KTXs between July 2015 and July 2016 (ERAS, n = 139) were compared with a historical cohort between January 2014 and July 2015 (HISTORIC, n = 95).ResultsEnhanced recovery after surgery recipients were significantly more likely to receive kidneys that were non‐local (56.1% vs 4.2%), higher Kidney Donor Profile Index (36‐85, 58.4% vs 45.2%; >85, 15.2% vs 10.7%), cold ischemia time ≥30 h (62.4% vs 4.7%), induced with antithymocyte globulin (97.1% vs 87.4%), and to develop delayed graft function (46.4% vs 25.0%). LOS was shorter by 1 day among ERAS (mean 4.59) compared to HISTORIC patients (mean 5.65) predominantly due to a shift in discharges within 3 days (32.4% vs 4.2%); 30‐day readmission to the hospital (27.3% vs 27.4%) or emergency room visit (9.4% vs 7.4%) was similar. There was one 30‐day death in the ERAS group and none in the HISTORIC group. Return to bowel function and early meal consumption were significantly associated with ERAS, however, with somewhat higher diarrhea and emesis rates.ConclusionERAS following KTX correlated with lower LOS without change in readmissions or ER visits despite higher delayed graft function rates.
Comparing levels of blood alcohol concentration and indicators of impairment in nightlife patrons
Authors: Droste Nic , Miller Peter , Kaestle Christine E. , Curtis Ashlee , Hyder Shannon , Coomber Kerri , Pennay Amy , Chikritzhs Tanya , Lam Tina , Gilmore William 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction and AimsBreathalyser estimate of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is widely used as an objective intoxication measure, but is not always practical in nightlife contexts. This study uses in situ data collected in nightlife environments to explore how four measures of intoxication are related so as to inform the development of a more practical and reliable method of differentiating intoxication for people working in the night‐time economy.Design and MethodsNightlife patron interviews were conducted in five Australian cities. Participants completed demographic questions and were asked about current session (past 12 h) alcohol use, and four different measures of intoxication were assessed: BAC, participant's self‐reported intoxication (0−10), interviewer rating of the participant's intoxication (0–10) and interviewer‐rated number of the participants’ of physical signs of intoxication.ResultsA total of 7028 patrons were surveyed and n = 5273 included in analysis. Mean age was 23.9 years (SD = 6.36); 61.5% were male. There was a significant difference in occurrence of all observable intoxication symptoms across differing levels of BAC (P < 0.001). All visible symptoms became more common as intoxication increased, except for talking very quickly/talkative and giggly symptoms. As BAC levels increase, the extent of the disagreement between self‐rated and interviewer‐rated intoxication measures widens. Exhibiting four or more visible intoxication symptoms emerged as a reliable method for observers to identify intoxicated patrons.Discussion and ConclusionsAs BAC increases, people become worse at estimating their own intoxication, but sober observers remain relatively accurate. Findings provide support for efforts to strengthen and enforce responsible service of alcohol.
Adolescent non‐drinkers: Who are they? Social relations, school performance, lifestyle factors and health behaviours
Authors: Larm Peter , Åslund Cecilia , Raninen Jonas , Nilsson Kent W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTraditionally, non‐drinking adults or young adults have been associated with health deficits rather than health benefits. However, as the proportion of Swedish non‐drinking adolescents has doubled since 2000, their health profiles are of interest. The aim of the present study is to examine whether social relations, school characteristics, lifestyle factors or health behaviours distinguish adolescent non‐drinkers from adolescent drinkers, and if their health profiles have changed from 2004 to 2012.Design and MethodsData from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vestmanland, a health survey biennially distributed to all 9th graders (15–16 years) in a medium‐sized Swedish county, was used. In total, 2872 students in 2004 and 2045 students in 2012 were included.ResultsNon‐drinkers were distinguished from drinkers in both 2004 and 2012 by elevated parental supervision, a lower rate of school truancy and lower rates of cannabis use, use of other illicit drugs, daily smoking and lower scores on antisocial behaviour, but more problems of getting new friends. No differences between 2004 and 2012 were found.Discussion and ConclusionsNon‐drinkers presented more adaptive and healthier behaviours than their drinking peers, but it is difficult to determine whether their health benefits were related to their improved alcohol status or to the more general trend towards adaptation that occurred from 2004 to 2012 among adolescents.
Parenting stress, anxiety, and depression in mothers with visually impaired infants: a cross‐sectional and longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Sakkalou Elena , Sakki Hanna , O'reilly Michelle A , Salt Alison T , Dale Naomi J 
Published: December 2017

AimThis study examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal patterns of parenting stress, adult anxiety, and depression in mothers of children with profound or severe visual impairment (PVI or SVI) at 1 year and 2 years of age.MethodMothers of a national longitudinal cohort (OPTIMUM Project) of infants with congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system and PVI (light perception at best) or SVI (basic ‘form’ vision of non‐light reflecting objects) participated. Infant age at baseline (T1) was 8 to 16 months. Mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index ‐ Short Form and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at T1 (n=79) and at follow‐up 12 months later (T2) (n=73).ResultsMothers of the total group had higher parenting stress levels (34.6% in clinical range) than community normative data at T1 (p=0.017). Mothers of infants in the PVI subgroup had elevated stress at T1 (p=0.014) and T2 (p=0.009). The PVI subgroup was also elevated in the Difficult Child subscale at T2 (p=0.001). Within‐sample differences in parenting stress between the visual impairment subgroups were found at T2 only: the PVI subgroup scored higher than the SVI subgroup (p=0.029). Adult anxiety and depression in the total group were not elevated compared with community normative data at T1 and T2; however, higher parenting stress was related to raised adult anxiety and depression levels at T1 and T2 (p=0.001). Regression analysis found parenting stress and lower child vision level (T1) predicted parenting stress (T2) (p=0.001; 42% variance).InterpretationMothers of 1‐year‐old infants with visual impairment showed raised risk for parenting stress, which continued to be elevated for children with PVI and those perceived as ‘difficult’ at 2 years. This was also a psychological risk, with greater adult anxiety and depression in those mothers with raised parenting stress. The clinical significance is that identification of parenting stress and targeted parenting, and behavioural support of the child in the first years of life is highly indicated.What this paper adds

Mothers of infants with visual impairment are at increased risk of parenting stress.

Parenting stress was higher in mothers of children with profound visual impairment than those with severe visual impairment.

High levels of parenting stress and lower infant vision at 1 year of age predicted higher parenting stress at 2 years of age.
Cross‐country diffusion of ideology viaFDI
Authors: Lin Faqin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper studies how foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to ideological convergence across countries. In particular, this report focuses on whether multinational firms transfer freedom of speech (FOS) to local workers in China. Using a large source of individual survey data, it is found that those who work in foreign‐invested enterprises (FIEs), especially non‐Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (non‐HMT) invested enterprises tend to preferFOS. This is in contrast to enterprises that do not work inFIEs. Such patterns are also observed in other related human rights and cultural measures common to Western democracies, but not China's political and local culture. Using policies onFDIas exogenous instruments, and other complementary identification strategies, a causal link for such an ideological transfer is established.