bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual psychological therapy in an acute inpatient setting: Service user and psychologist perspectives
Authors: Small Catherine , Pistrang Nancy , Huddy Vyv , Williams Claire 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe acute inpatient setting poses potential challenges to delivering one‐to‐one psychological therapy; however, there is little research on the experiences of both receiving and delivering therapies in this environment. This qualitative study aimed to explore service users’ and psychologists’ experiences of undertaking individual therapy in acute inpatient units. It focused on the relationship between service users and psychologists, what service users found helpful or unhelpful, and how psychologists attempted to overcome any challenges in delivering therapy.DesignThe study used a qualitative, interview‐based design.MethodsEight service users and the six psychologists they worked with were recruited from four acute inpatient wards. They participated in individual semi‐structured interviews eliciting their perspectives on the therapy. Service users’ and psychologists’ transcripts were analysed together using Braun and Clarke's (2006, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77) method of thematic analysis.ResultsThe accounts highlighted the importance of forming a ‘human’ relationship – particularly within the context of the inpatient environment – as a basis for therapeutic work. Psychological therapy provided valued opportunities for meaning‐making. To overcome the challenges of acute mental health crisis and environmental constraints, psychologists needed to work flexibly and creatively; the therapeutic work also extended to the wider context of the inpatient unit, in efforts to promote a shared understanding of service users’ difficulties.ConclusionsTherapeutic relationships between service users and clinicians need to be promoted more broadly within acute inpatient care. Psychological formulation can help both service users and ward staff in understanding crisis and working collaboratively. Practice‐based evidence is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of adapted psychological therapy models.Practitioner Points

Developing ‘human’ relationships at all levels of acute inpatient care continues to be an important challenge for clinical practice.

Due to the distress of individuals and the constraints of the acute inpatient environment, psychologists need to be flexible and adaptable in delivering individual therapy.

Making meaning and psychological formulation can give service users a sense of hope and empowerment, and can contribute to a shared understanding within the ward team of service users’ difficulties.
Failure process and mechanism of sandstone under combined equal biaxial static compression and impact loading
Authors: Peng J. Y. , Li Y. H. , Zhang F. P. , Qiu Z. G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe process and mechanism of impact fractures in sandstone were investigated under equal biaxial static compression. The cracking process was captured by a high‐speed video camera. The results indicate that the main crack propagates along the circumference and finally forms a crater‐shaped failure zone. The size of the crater‐shaped failure zone increases as the static stress and impact velocity increase. In addition, microscopic features of the fracture surface were observed using a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the microcracks expand after combination loading, making the rock more susceptible to damage. Finally, the influence mechanism of static loading on dynamic failure of the rock was revealed by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.
Exchange rate effects: A case study of the export performance of the Swiss agriculture and food sector
Authors: Kohler Andreas , Ferjani Ali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Swiss franc appreciated strongly against the currencies of Switzerland's most important trading partners after the global financial crisis in 2008. This has raised the question of how sensitive Swiss exports are with respect to exchange rate movements. We analyse this question for exports of the Swiss agriculture and food sector, using both time series and dynamic panel data models based on data from 1999 to 2012. We find that in the long run a one per cent appreciation of the Swiss franc leads on average to a decrease in exports of agricultural and food products between 0.8 and 0.9 per cent. Our results suggest that on average, producers in the Swiss agriculture and food sector are able to successfully avoid price competition by differentiating their products, producing high‐quality products for niche markets.
Population Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Tigecycline in Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock
Authors: Borsuk-De Moor Agnieszka , Rypulak Elżbieta , Potręć Beata , Piwowarczyk Paweł , Borys Michał , Sysiak Justyna , Onichimowski Dariusz , Raszewski Grzegorz , Czuczwar Mirosław , Wiczling Paweł 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Tigecycline is a glycylcycline often used in critically ill patients as the antibiotic of last resort. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of tigecycline in intensive care unit (ICU) patients can be affected by severe pathophysiological changes so that standard dosing might not be adequate. The aim of this study was to describe population PK of high-dose tigecycline in patients with sepsis or septic shock and evaluate the relationship between individual PK parameters and patient covariates. The study population consisted of 37 adult ICU patients receiving a 200-mg loading dose of tigecycline followed by multiple doses of 100 mg every 12 h. Blood samples were collected at 0.5, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after dose administration. A two-compartment model with interindividual (IIV) and interoccasion (IOV) variability in PK parameters was used to describe the concentration-time course of tigecycline. The estimated values of mean population PK parameters were 22.1 liters/h and 69.4 liters/h for elimination and intercompartmental clearance, respectively, and 162 liters and 87.9 liters for volume of the central and peripheral compartment, respectively. The IIV and IOV in clearance were less than 20%. The estimated values of distribution volumes were different from previously published values, which might be due to pathophysiological changes in ICU patients. No systematic relationship between individual PK parameters and patient covariates was found. The developed model does not show evidence that individual tigecycline dosing adjustment based on patient covariates is necessary to obtain the same target concentration in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Dosing adjustments should be based on the pathogens, their susceptibility, and PK targets.
FKS2
and
FKS3
Genes of Opportunistic Human Pathogen Candida albicans Influence Echinocandin Susceptibility
Authors: Suwunnakorn Sumanun , Wakabayashi Hironao , Kordalewska Milena , Perlin David S. , Rustchenko Elena 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans
, a prevailing opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, has a diploid genome containing three homologous
FKS
genes that are evolutionarily conserved. One of these, the essential gene
FKS1
, encodes the catalytic subunit of glucan synthase, which is the target of echinocandin drugs and also serves as a site of drug resistance. The other two glucan synthase-encoding genes,
FKS2
and
FKS3
, are also expressed, but their roles in resistance are considered unimportant. However, we report here that expression of
FKS1
is upregulated in strains lacking either
FKS2
or
FKS3
. Furthermore, in contrast to what is observed in heterozygous
FKS1
deletion strains, cells lacking
FKS2
or
FKS3
contain increased amounts of cell wall glucan, are more resistant to echinocandin drugs, and consistently are tolerant to cell wall-damaging agents. Our data indicate that
C. albicans
FKS2
and
FKS3
can act as negative regulators of
FKS1
, thereby influencing echinocandin susceptibility.
HIV Replication and Latency in a Humanized NSG Mouse Model during Suppressive Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Satheesan Sangeetha , Li Haitang , Burnett John C. , Takahashi Mayumi , Li Shasha , Wu Shiny Xiaqin , Synold Timothy W. , Rossi John J. , Zhou Jiehua 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Although current combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART) is therapeutically effective in the majority of HIV patients, interruption of therapy can cause a rapid rebound in viremia, demonstrating the existence of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells. HIV latency is therefore considered a primary barrier to HIV eradication. Identifying, quantifying, and purging the HIV reservoir is crucial to effectively curing patients and relieving them from the lifelong requirement for therapy. Latently infected transformed cell models have been used to investigate HIV latency; however, these models cannot accurately represent the quiescent cellular environment of primary latently infected cells
in vivo
. For this reason,
in vivo
humanized murine models have been developed for screening antiviral agents, identifying latently infected T cells, and establishing treatment approaches for HIV research. Such models include humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus mice and SCID-hu-thy/liv mice, which are repopulated with human immune cells and implanted human tissues through laborious surgical manipulation. However, no one has utilized the human hematopoietic stem cell-engrafted NOD/SCID/IL2rγ
null
(NSG) model (hu-NSG) for this purpose. Therefore, in the present study, we used the HIV-infected hu-NSG mouse to recapitulate the key aspects of HIV infection and pathogenesis
in vivo
. Moreover, we evaluated the ability of HIV-infected human cells isolated from HIV-infected hu-NSG mice on suppressive cART to act as a latent HIV reservoir. Our results demonstrate that the hu-NSG model is an effective surgery-free
in vivo
system in which to efficiently evaluate HIV replication, antiretroviral therapy, latency and persistence, and eradication interventions.

IMPORTANCE
HIV can establish a stably integrated, nonproductive state of infection at the level of individual cells, known as HIV latency, which is considered a primary barrier to curing HIV. A complete understanding of the establishment and role of HIV latency
in vivo
would greatly enhance attempts to develop novel HIV purging strategies. An ideal animal model for this purpose should be easy to work with, should have a shortened disease course so that efficacy testing can be completed in a reasonable time, and should have immune correlates that are easily translatable to humans. We therefore describe a novel application of the hematopoietic stem cell-transplanted humanized NSG model for dynamically testing antiretroviral treatment, supporting HIV infection, establishing HIV latency
in vivo
. The hu-NSG model could be a facile alternative to humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus or SCID-hu-thy/liv mice in which laborious surgical manipulation and time-consuming human cell reconstitution is required.
Mature gastric chief cells are not required for the development of metaplasia
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroto , Hayakawa Yoku , Niu Zhengchuan , Konishi Mitsuru , Hata Masahiro , Tsuboi Mayo , Hayata Yuki , Hikiba Yohko , Ihara Sozaburo , Nakagawa Hayato , Hirata Yoshihiro , Wang Timothy C. , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2018

During human gastric carcinogenesis, intestinal metaplasia is frequently seen in the atrophic stomach. In mice, a distinct type of metaplasia known as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is found in several inflammatory and genetically engineered models. Given the diversity of long- and short-term models of mouse SPEM, it remains unclear whether all models have a shared or distinct molecular mechanism. The origin of SPEM in mice is presently under debate. It is postulated that stem or progenitor cells acquire genetic alterations that then supply metaplastic cell clones, whereas the possibility of transdifferentiation or dedifferentiation from mature gastric chief cells has also been suggested. In this study, we report that loss of chief cells was sufficient to induce short-term regenerative SPEM-like lesions that originated from chief cell precursors in the gastric neck region. Furthermore, Lgr5+ mature chief cells failed to contribute to both short- and long-term metaplasia, whereas isthmus stem and progenitor cells efficiently contributed to long-term metaplasia. Interestingly, multiple administrations of high-dose pulsed tamoxifen induced expansion of Lgr5 expression and Lgr5-CreERT recombination within the isthmus progenitors apart from basal chief cells. Thus we conclude that short-term SPEM represents a regenerative process arising from neck progenitors following chief cell loss, whereas true long-term SPEM originates from isthmus progenitors. Mature gastric chief cells may be dispensable for SPEM development. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recently, dedifferentiation ability in gastric chief cells during metaplasia development has been proposed. Our findings reveal that lesions that were thought to be acute metaplasia in fact represent normal regeneration supplied from neck lineage and that isthmus stem/progenitors are more responsible for sustained metaplastic changes. Cellular plasticity in gastric chief cells may be more limited than recently highlighted.
Role of selected polymorphisms in determining muscle fiber composition in Japanese men and women
Authors: Kumagai Hiroshi , Tobina Takuro , Ichinoseki-Sekine Noriko , Kakigi Ryo , Tsuzuki Takamasa , Zempo Hirofumi , Shiose Keisuke , Yoshimura Eiichi , Kumahara Hideaki , Ayabe Makoto , Higaki Yasuki , Yamada Ryo , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kiyonaga Akira , Naito Hisashi , Tanaka Hiroaki , Fuku Noriyuki 
Published: January 2018

Genetic polymorphisms and sex differences are suggested to affect muscle fiber composition; however, no study has investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle fiber composition with respect to sex differences. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle fiber composition with respect to sex differences in the Japanese population. The present study included 211 healthy Japanese individuals (102 men and 109 women). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis to determine the proportion of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (MHC-I, MHC-IIa, and MHC-IIx). Moreover, we analyzed polymorphisms in α-actinin-3 gene ( ACTN3; rs1815739 ), angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ( ACE; rs4341 ), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α gene ( rs11549465 ), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 gene ( rs1870377 ), and angiotensin II receptor, type 2 gene ( rs11091046 ), by TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays. The proportion of MHC-I was 9.8% lower in men than in women, whereas the proportion of MHC-IIa and MHC-IIx was higher in men than in women (5.0 and 4.6%, respectively). Men with the ACTN3 RR + RX genotype had a 4.8% higher proportion of MHC-IIx than those with the ACTN3 XX genotype. Moreover, men with the ACE ID + DD genotype had a 4.7% higher proportion of MHC-I than those with the ACE II genotype. Furthermore, a combined genotype of ACTN3 R577X and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) was significantly correlated with the proportion of MHC-I ( r = −0.23) and MHC-IIx ( r = 0.27) in men. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between the examined polymorphisms and muscle fiber composition in women. These results suggest that the ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms independently affect the proportion of human skeletal muscle fibers MHC-I and MHC-IIx in men but not in women.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In men, the RR + RX genotype of the α-actinin-3 gene ( ACTN3) R577X polymorphism was associated with a higher proportion of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-IIx. The ID + DD genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ( ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, in contrast to a previous finding, was associated with a higher proportion of MHC-I in men. In addition, the combined genotype of these polymorphisms was correlated with the proportion of MHC-I and MHC-IIx in men. Thus ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms influence the muscle fiber composition in Japanese men.
Does [-2]Pro-Prostate Specific Antigen Meet the Criteria to Justify Its Inclusion in the Clinical Decision-Making Process?
Authors: Sanchis-Bonet Angeles , Barrionuevo-González Marta , Bajo-Chueca Ana , Morales-Palacios Nelson , Sanchez-Chapado Manuel 
Published: January 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> To assess whether [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (p2PSA) meets the criteria to justify its inclusion in a predictive model of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and in the clinical decision-making process. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total 172 men with total prostate-specific antigen of 2–10 ng/mL underwent measurement of free PSA and p2PSA before prostate biopsy in an observational and prospective study. From these measurements, the Prostate Health Index (PHI) was calculated. Clinical and analytical predictive models were created incorporating PHI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 172 men, 72 (42%) were diagnosed with PCa, 33 (46%) of whom were found to be with high-grade disease. PHI score was the most predictive of biopsy outcomes in terms of discriminative ability (area under the curve = 0.79), with an added gain in predictive accuracy of 17%. All the models that incorporated PHI worked better in terms of calibration close to 45° on the slope. In the decision curve analysis, at a threshold probability of 40% we could prevent 82 biopsies, missing only 16 tumors and 5 high-grade tumors. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> PHI score is a more discriminant biomarker, has superior calibration and superior net benefit, and provides a higher rate of avoided biopsies; thus, it can be useful for aiding in making a more informed decision for each patient.
Bardoxolone Methyl Improves Kidney Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4 and Type 2 Diabetes: Post-Hoc Analyses from Bardoxolone Methyl Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Study
Authors: Chin Melanie P. , Bakris George L. , Block Geoffrey A. , Chertow Glenn M. , Goldsberry Angie , Inker Lesley A. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , O’Grady Megan , Pergola Pablo E. , Wanner Christoph , Warnock David G. , Meyer Colin J. 
Published: January 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Increases in measured inulin clearance, measured creatinine clearance, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have been observed with bardoxolone methyl in 7 studies enrolling approximately 2,600 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The largest of these studies was Bardoxolone Methyl Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (BEACON), a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial which enrolled patients with T2D and CKD stage 4. The BEACON trial was terminated after preliminary analyses showed that patients randomized to bardoxolone methyl experienced significantly higher rates of heart failure events. We performed post-hoc analyses to characterize changes in kidney function induced by bardoxolone methyl. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients in ­BEACON (<i>n</i> = 2,185) were randomized 1: 1 to receive once-daily bardoxolone methyl (20 mg) or placebo. We compared the effects of bardoxolone methyl and placebo on a post-hoc composite renal endpoint consisting of ≥30% decline from baseline in eGFR, eGFR &#x3c;15 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) events (provision of dialysis or kidney transplantation). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Consistent with prior studies, patients randomized to bardoxolone methyl experienced mean increases in eGFR that were sustained through study week 48. Moreover, increases in eGFR from baseline were sustained 4 weeks after cessation of treatment. Patients randomized to bardoxolone methyl were significantly less likely to experience the composite renal endpoint (hazards ratio 0.48 [95% CI 0.36–0.64]; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Bardoxolone methyl preserves kidney function and may delay the onset of ESRD in patients with T2D and stage 4 CKD.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ДЛЯ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ДОПОМОГИ НОВОНАРОДЖЕНИМ ІЗ ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Authors: Likhacheva N. V. , Litovchenko T. A. , Tondiіy O. L. , Ekzarhova A. I. , Sukhonosova O. Y. 
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – представлення досвіду автора щодо удосконалення навчального процесу для поліпшення допомоги новонародженим із перинатальною патологією нервової системи.Основна частина. Розглянуто шляхи вдосконалення навчального процесу з теоретичних питань дитячої неврології, а також важливість навчання практичних навичок на базі кафедри в університетській клініці – перинатальному центрі.Представлено результати вдосконалення навчального процесу, які охоплюють не тільки теоретичну частину навчання, а й досвід оволодіння практичними навичками на базі університетської клініки – у Харківському міському перинатальному центрі.Висновки. Навчання і підвищення кваліфікації лікарів дитячих неврологів на кафедрі неврології і дитячої неврології ХМАПО гарантують високий методичний рівень викладання лекційного матеріалу, а освоєння практичних навичок і можливість брати участь у діагностичному та лікувальному процесі саме в такій університетській клініці, як ХМПЦ, є запорукою успішного засвоєння і вдосконалення складного розділу дитячої неврології – перинатальної неврології. Підготовка досвідчених фахівців у галузі дитячої неврології – запорука кваліфікованої допомоги дітям, які народилися з перинатальною патологією нервової системи, що буде сприяти зниженню захворюваності та інвалідності.
ОКРЕМІ СТОРІНКИ ІСТОРІЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ БІОЛОГІЇ У ЛЬВІВСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ ДАНИЛА ГАЛИЦЬКОГО
Authors: Vorobets Z. D. , Kushynska M. Ye. , Chupashko O. Ya. 
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – відтворення основних етапів життєвого шляху Михайла Івановича Єфімова, завідувача кафедри медичної біології (1946–1948), наукового дослідника проблеми регенерації органів і тканин.Основна частина. Колективом кафедри проведено комплексне ретроспективне дослідження із залученням архівних матеріа­лів, поодиноких повідомлень, що збереглись у наукових виданнях того часу, що дало змогу відтворити сторінки становлення кафедри, її наукових спрямувань упродовж періоду від створення донині. Дане наукове повідомлення є суттєвим доповненням історико-медичного минулого сучасної України. Організатором і першим завідувачем кафедри медичної біології Львівського медичного інституту був Рудольф Вейгль – гуманіст, патріот, вчений, що створив першу у світі ефективну вакцину від висипного тифу. З 1946 до 1948 р. кафедру очолював Михайло Іванович Єфімов. У даній статті наведено біографічні дані М. Єфімова. Також представлено результати його наукових досліджень стосовно вирішення актуальної наукової проблеми – регенерації органів і тканин.Висновок. Упродовж існування кафедри медичної біології Львівського національного медичного університету ім. Данила Галицького (з 1920 р. дотепер) її очільниками були визначні вчені, які провадили багатоаспектні наукові дослідження, що є вагомим внеском у розвиток не лише української, а й світової біологічної науки.