bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real world effectiveness of Hawthorn special extract WS 1442 in a retrospective cohort study from Germany
Authors: Wyss Christophe , Gündling Peter W. , Kostev Karel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHawthorn special extract WS 1442 has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Experimental studies have shown an antiarrhythmic effect of the substance. In the present study, we investigated antiarrhythmic effects of WS 1442 compared with magnesium/potassium in a large collective of outpatients. Using the IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database, we included 4550 patients with a prescription of WS 1442 and 4550 matched patients with Tromcardin prescriptions (all registered products under the trademark Tromcardin that are magnesium and potassium supplementing foods for special medical purposes) who were followed for 5 years after the index date. The incidence of various cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), tachycardia, and other cardiac arrhythmias) was recorded. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the potential association between both drugs and arrhythmias. The cumulative incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter was significantly lower among patients with a prescription of WS 1442 compared to patients with magnesium/potassium prescriptions (10.8% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001). WS 1442 prescription was significantly associated with a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter compared to magnesium/potassium (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.64–0.80; p < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of tachycardia was significantly lower in the WS 1442 group compared to the magnesium/potassium group (8.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001), similarly, the cumulative incidence of other cardiac arrhythmias was significantly lower among patients with WS 1442 compared to patients with magnesium/potassium (10.2% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001). This study showed that in a large collective of outpatients, intake of hawthorn special extract WS 1442 was associated with a significantly lower incidence of atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, and other cardiac arrhythmias compared to magnesium/potassium, indicating its potential in treating and preventing such conditions.
Myopic shift in female mice after ovariectomy
Authors: Zhang Yan , Mori Kiwako , Jeong Heonuk , Chen Junhan , Liang Yifan , Negishi Kazuno , Tsubota Kazuo , Kurihara Toshihide 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMyopia is a global public health concern, with a higher prevalence in women than that in male. As the relationship between sex hormone and myopia remains unclear, we aimed to reveal the relationship between sex hormone and myopia by removing the ovaries of mice and measuring changes in ocular parameters related to myopia. Lens-induced myopia (LIM) surgeries were performed on 3-week-old male mice and age-matched female mice to evaluate the effects of sex on myopia development, which indicated a high degree of myopia and rapid progression of axial elongation in male mice. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) performed on 4-week-old female mice induced myopic refraction status in ovariectomized mice. Although axial length elongation was larger in ovariectomized mice than that in sham control mice, the result was insignificant. To further reveal the relationship between female sex hormones and myopia, LIM combined with OVX was performed, which revealed a magnified myopic refraction status in ovariectomized mice. Nevertheless, elongation of the anterior chamber depth in the − 30 D lens-treated eyes significantly increased in LIM + OVX mice compared with the frame-treated eyes in LIM + OVX mice and − 30 D lens-treated eyes in LIM + Sham surgery mice. Sex hormones play a role in regulating myopia development in female mice.
Spin-wave mode coupling in the presence of the demagnetizing field in cobalt-permalloy magnonic crystals
Authors: Mamica S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present the results of studies on the non-uniform frequency shift of spin wave spectrum in a two-dimensional magnonic crystal of cobalt/permalloy under the influence of external magnetic field changes. We investigate the phenomenon of coupling of modes and, as a consequence, their hybridization. By taking advantage of the fact that compressing the crystal structure along the direction of the external magnetic field leads to an enhancement of the demagnetizing field, we analyse its effect on the frequency shift of individual modes depending on their concentration in Co. We show that the consequence of this enhancement is a shift in the coupling of modes towards higher magnetic fields. This provides a potential opportunity to design which pairs of modes and in what range of fields hybridization will occur.
Targeting IGF-IR improves neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancers with low IGFBP7 expression
Authors: Godina Christopher , Pollak Michael N. , Jernström Helena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere has been a long-standing interest in targeting the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling system in breast cancer due to its key role in neoplastic proliferation and survival. However, no IGF-1R targeting agent has shown substantial clinical benefit in controlled phase 3 trials, and no biomarker has been shown to have clinical utility in the prediction of benefit from an IGF-1R targeting agent. IGFBP7 is an atypical insulin-like growth factor binding protein as it has a higher affinity for the IGF-1R than IGF ligands. We report that low IGFBP7 gene expression identifies a subset of breast cancers for which the addition of ganitumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, substantially improved the pathological complete response rate compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. The pCR rate in the chemotherapy plus ganitumab arm was 46.9% in patients in the lowest quartile of IGFBP7 expression, in contrast to only 5.6% in the highest quartile. Furthermore, high IGFBP7 expression predicted increased distant metastasis risk. If our findings are confirmed, decisions to halt the development of IGF-1R targeting drugs, which were based on disappointing results of prior trials that did not use predictive biomarkers, should be reviewed.
Identification of DNA methylation markers for age and Bovine Respiratory Disease in dairy cattle: A pilot study based on Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing
Authors: Attree E. , Griffiths B. , Panchal K. , Xia D. , Werling D. , Banos G. , Oikonomou G. , Psifidi A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMethylation profiles of animals are known to differ by age and disease status. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), a complex infectious disease, primarily affects calves and has significant impact on animal welfare and the cattle industry, due to production losses, increased veterinary costs as well as animal losses. BRD susceptibility is multifactorial, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. We have performed a pilot study to investigate the epigenetic profile of BRD susceptibility in six calves (three healthy versus three diagnosed with BRD) and age-related methylation differences between healthy calves and adult dairy cows (three calves versus four adult cows) using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). We identified 2537 genes within differentially methylated regions between calves and adults. Functional analysis revealed enrichment of developmental pathways including cell fate commitment and tissue morphogenesis. Between healthy and BRD affected calves, 964 genes were identified within differentially methylated regions. Immune and vasculature regulatory pathways were enriched and key candidates in BRD susceptibility involved in complement cascade regulation, vasoconstriction and respiratory cilia structure and function were identified. Further studies with a greater sample size are needed to validate these findings and formulate integration into breeding programmes aiming to increase animal longevity and disease resistance.
3D anatomy of the Cretaceous–Paleogene age Nadir Crater
Authors: Nicholson Uisdean , Powell William , Gulick Sean , Kenkmann Thomas , Bray Veronica J. , Duarte Debora , Collins Gareth S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Nadir Crater offshore West Africa is a recently proposed near K-Pg impact structure identified on 2D seismic. Here we present 3D seismic data that image this crater in exceptional detail, unique for any such structure, which demonstrates beyond reasonable doubt that the crater-forming mechanism was a hypervelocity impact. Seismic mapping reveals a near-circular crater rim of 9.2 km and an outer brim of ~23 km diameter defined by concentric normal faults. An extended damage zone is evident across the region, well beyond the perceived limit of subsurface deformation for impact craters, except in a ‘sheltered zone’ to the east. The paleo-seabed shows evidence for widespread liquefaction because of seismic shaking, and scars and gullies formed by tsunami wave propagation and resurge. Deformation within the ~425 m high stratigraphic uplift and annular moat allows us to reconstruct the evolution of the crater, with radial thrusts at the periphery of the uplift suggesting a low-angle impact from the east. Structural relationships are used to reconstruct the deformation processes during the crater modification stage, with the central uplift forming first, followed by centripetal flow of surrounding sediments into the evacuated crater floor in the seconds to minutes after impact.
Integrated electro- and chemical characterization of sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Li Yuanshun , Lehmann Michelle , Cheng Lei , Zawodzinski Thomas A , Nanda Jagjit , Yang Guang 
Published: October 2024

This review elaborates on the electrochemical characterization methods essential for the advancement sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries, with a focus on the integration of spectroscopic tools like Raman spectroscopy.
Extracellular bimolecular fluorescence complementation for investigating membrane protein dimerization: a proof of concept using class B GPCRs
Authors: Garelja Michael L. , Alexander Tyla I. , Walker Christopher S. , Hay Debbie L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) methodology uses split fluorescent proteins to detect interactions between proteins in living cells. To date, BiFC has been used to investigate receptor dimerization by splitting the fluorescent protein between the intracellular portions of different receptor components. We reasoned that attaching these split proteins to the extracellular N-terminus instead may improve the flexibility of this methodology and reduce the likelihood of impaired intracellular signal transduction. As a proof-of-concept, we used receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide, which comprise heterodimers of either the calcitonin or calcitonin receptor-like receptor in complex with an accessory protein (receptor activity-modifying protein 1). We created fusion constructs in which split mVenus fragments were attached to either the C-termini or N-termini of receptor subunits. The resulting constructs were transfected into Cos7 and HEK293S cells, where we measured cAMP production in response to ligand stimulation, cell surface expression of receptor complexes, and BiFC fluorescence. Additionally, we investigated ligand-dependent internalization in HEK293S cells. We found N-terminal fusions were better tolerated with regards to cAMP signaling and receptor internalization. N-terminal fusions also allowed reconstitution of functional fluorescent mVenus proteins; however, fluorescence yields were lower than with C-terminal fusion. Our results suggest that BiFC methodologies can be applied to the receptor N-terminus, thereby increasing the flexibility of this approach, and enabling further insights into receptor dimerization.
Uncovering malate dehydrogenase: structure, function and role in disease
Authors: Peterson Celeste N. , Cornely Kathleen , Parente Amy D. , Springer Amy L. , Provost Joseph J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) have been extensively studied since the 1960s due to their key roles in carbon metabolism and pathways such as redox balance and lipid synthesis. Recently, there has been renewed interest in these enzymes with the discovery of their role in the metabolic changes that occur during cancer and a widespread community of undergraduate teaching laboratories addressing MDH research questions, the Malate Dehydrogenase CUREs Community (MCC). This special issue describes different facets of MDH, including its physiological role, its structure–function relationships, its regulation through post-translational modifications, and perspectives on its evolutionary history. There are two human isoforms: a cytoplasmic isoform that carries out formation of NAD+ for glycolysis, and a mitochondrial isoform that plays a major role in the citric acid cycle. Although the sequences of these two isoforms vary, the structures of the enzymes are similar, and studies suggest that each isoform may form complexes with other enzymes in common pathways. Experimental and theoretical advances have helped to characterize the post-translational modifications of MDH, allowing us to ask more complex questions involving the regulation of the enzyme and substrate promiscuity in the context of cancer. Additionally, there are many unresolved questions on the role of malate dehydrogenase in other organisms, especially in parasites. The review articles in this issue seek to shed light on the latest advances in our understanding of MDH and highlight areas for future studies.
Precise orientation control of gimbals with parametric variations using model reference adaptive controller
Authors: Çakmak Ömer , Altuğ Erdinç 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on a model reference adaptive control method that ensures identical orientation outputs for different prototypes of a two‐axis gimbal produced in mass production. In this method, unlike traditional MRAC structures, an MRAC structure is used in conjunction with state feedback control. First, the reasons for the need for an adaptation mechanism in gimbals and why Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) alone won't be sufficient have been discussed. In the first section, various applications of MRAC have also been mentioned. Then, the mathematical foundation of the model reference adaptive controller used in this study is elaborately explained, followed by stability analyses. In the next step, an ideal reference model exhibiting desired behavior and a real system model with different dynamics are created in a simulation environment. This allows a comparison of the adaptation capabilities of only MRAC and MRAC+State Feedback controllers. Based on the information gathered in this section, the recommended approach in the article is tested on a real gimbal system, and the results are shared. The obtained results demonstrate that the MRAC+State Feedback control structure significantly reduces the error in the gimbal's orientation response compared to the reference model.
Electrophysiological Signal Validation of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface at Nerve Ending: A Preliminary Rat Model Experiment
Authors: Cho Jeongmok , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Pak Changsik , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background As the number of extremity amputations continues to rise, so does the demand for prosthetics. Emphasizing the importance of a nerve interface that effectively amplifies and transmits physiological signals through peripheral nerve surgery is crucial for achieving intuitive control. The regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) is recognized for its potential to provide this technical support. Through animal experiment, we aimed to confirm the actual occurrence of signal amplification.
Methods Rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, common peroneal nerve transection, and RPNI. Nerve surgeries were performed for each group, and electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were conducted at the initial surgery, as well as at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively.
Results All implemented RPNIs exhibited viability and displayed adequate vascularity with the proper color. Clear differences in latency and amplitude were observed before and after 8 weeks of surgery in all groups (p < 0.05). Notably, the RPNI group demonstrated a significantly increased amplitude compared with the control group after 8 weeks (p = 0.031). Latency increased in all groups 8 weeks after surgery. The RPNI group exhibited relatively clear signs of denervation with abnormal spontaneous activities (ASAs) during EMG.
Conclusion This study is one of few preclinical studies that demonstrate the electrophysiological effects of RPNI and validate the neural signals. It serves as a foundational step for future research in human–machine interaction and nerve interfaces.
Intraoperative Complications as Predictors of Flap Failure in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Godbe Kerilyn N. , Rauber Erin , Nazir Niaman , Holding Julie , Butterworth James A. , Lai Eric C. , Egan Katie G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Intraoperative microvascular complications in autologous breast reconstruction significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications. No study has identified which specific intraoperative complications contribute to partial or total flap loss.
Methods A retrospective chart review of microsurgical breast reconstructions by five surgeons between 2009 and 2020 analyzed operative variables and patient outcomes, with complications determined from the operative report. Flap loss rates were compared between cases with and without intraoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact and t-tests for discrete and continuous variables, respectively.
Results Intraoperative complications were analyzed for 1,465 autologous breast flaps performed in 916 patients. Early partial flap loss was predicted by arterial anastomosis revision (2.90 vs. 0.44%, p = 0.03) and alternate venous outflow (14.29 vs. 0.41%, p = 0.002), with no association with intraoperative thrombosis, venous revision, or difficult recipient or flap dissection. In comparison, early total flap loss was predicted by intraoperative arterial revision (5.80 vs. 0.51%, p = 0.001), venous revision (5.45 vs. 0.57%, p = 0.007), intraoperative thrombosis (12.12 vs. 0.49%, p < 0.001), and difficult flap dissection (2.91 vs. 0.59%, p = 0.04). Difficult flap dissection was the only intraoperative variable associated with late partial flap loss (6.80 vs. 1.69%, p = 0.004). Late total flap loss only occurred in 6/1,465 flaps, the sole association being difficult recipient vessel dissection (2.78 vs. 0.29%, p = 0.03). Postoperative arterial and venous compromise occurred in 1.10% (13/1,187) and 2.53% (30/1,187) of cases with no intraoperative complications, respectively, compared with 3.2% (9/278, p = 0.02) and 6.12% (17/278, p = 0.002) in cases with an intraoperative complication.
Conclusion Alternate venous outflow predicts early partial flap loss, while intraoperative thrombosis and arterial and venous revision predict early total loss. Difficult flap dissection was associated with early total and late partial flap loss, while difficult recipient vessel dissection was associated with late total flap loss.
Assessment of Add-On Therapy of N-Acetylcysteine in the Management of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Velusamy Sivakumar , Parthiban Dharshini , Jayakumar Jessica , Narayanan Aroshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammation of the pancreas. The conservative therapeutic options include enteral nutrition, antibiotics, and/or surgery. Oxidative stress in AP has been pathologically linked with the systemic inflammatory response. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell injury and other potential pathological events in AP.
Objective This article evaluates the treatment outcome of NAC combined with conventional therapy in AP patients and assesses the difference in the duration of hospital stay between the NAC with conventional therapy group and the conventional therapy group.
Materials and Methods This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with 65 AP patients above 18 years of age. The effect of adding NAC with conventional therapy (intravenous hydration 0.9% normal saline, pancreatin, optional antibiotics) was assessed in patients by comparing serum amylase, lipase, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination (APACHE) II score, and Ranson's score, before and after therapy and the difference in duration of hospital stay was assessed using the independent t-test.
Results Of the 65 AP patients, 62% (n = 40) were on conventional therapy and 38% (n = 25) were on NAC along with conventional therapy. The difference in mean values of reduced serum amylase between the two treatment groups indicates a significant difference (p = 0.01). However, the variance in mean serum lipase values was statistically insignificant (p = 0.1). The mean scores of Ranson's criteria showed no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.4). There was a significant difference in APACHE II severity scores after 24 (p = 0.04) and 48 hours (p = 0.01), respectively. Similarly, the mean duration of hospital stay in both treatment groups was found to be statistically insignificant (p = 0.4).
Conclusion Both treatment options, conventional therapy and NAC combined with conventional therapy, resulted similar treatment outcomes for AP patients, with no additional benefits observed.
Failure of Universal 2 Wrist Joint Replacements: A Retrieval Study
Authors: Joyce Thomas J. , Kandemir Göksu , Zreik Nasri H. , Talwalkar Sumedh , Trail Ian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background The Universal 2 total wrist arthroplasty was one of the most common wrist replacements, but long-term results were disappointing, due to substantial damage to the polyethylene component and, in some cases, metallosis. The purpose of this research was to investigate the underlying reasons for this polyethylene damage.
Methods From a single clinical center, retrieval analysis was undertaken on six Universal 2 wrists and two additional polyethylene components. All components were analyzed at the macroscale and dimensional measurements of polyethylene components were undertaken. These were compared against known component orientation in vivo to identify areas of greatest material loss.
Results Of 62 Universal 2 wrists implanted, there was a tendency for smaller implants to be revised more frequently. Of the six explanted wrists, material loss was always noticeable on the ulnar side, and to a lesser extent in the dorsal direction. Five of eight polyethylene components had failed at the base of the ulnar-side blind hole. Smaller implants tended to have less thickness at the base of the blind holes, thus explaining the failure of smaller sizes. Discoloration and surface fatigue of explants indicated oxidation of components. Average time in vivo for the explants was 13.8 years which indicates the slow nature of polyethylene oxidation. All were revised due to loosening. All were implanted in rheumatoid patients with a mean age at surgery of 56.1 years. Three of the six Universal 2 wrists, all sized Extra Small, showed severe wear of the titanium alloy carpal component.
Conclusion Failure of the polyethylene components was due to a combination of inappropriate sterilization technique plus a design issue where polyethylene was thinnest on the smallest size components. Continued surveillance of patients implanted with Universal 2 wrists is recommended.