bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considérations sur la « Bataille de Toulouse »
Authors: Guidère Mathieu 
Published: October 2016

Les assassinats perpétrés et revendiqués par Mohamed Merah en mars 2012 ont connu un grand écho parmi la mouvance djihadiste. Al-Qaïda en a même fait le ReTex (retour d’expérience) en publiant un document intitulé « Leçons et trésors de la Bataille de Toulouse », qui a été largement diffusé sur internet dans les semaines qui ont suivi la mort de Merah. Cet article propose d’abord une traduction, à partir de l’arabe, des principaux passages de ce document instructif ; ensuite, une mise en perspective des éléments tactiques et stratégiques qu’il contient concernant le terrorisme solitaire en milieu urbain ; enfin, une analyse de la nouvelle dynamique islamiste et sécuritaire en France après « l’affaire Merah ».
Étude critique sur l’hypothèse de la circulation des normes en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme
Authors: Brochot Vanessa 
Published: October 2016

L’étude des législations antiterroristes choisies permet de mettre en évidence l’hétérogénéité des situations dans les pays concernés. Même dans l’espace relativement cohérent de l’Europe occidentale, et ce, en dépit de l’influence du droit international voire du droit communautaire, il n’est pas question de terrorisme mais bien des terrorismes et donc des antiterrorismes. Les arsenaux juridiques divergent et contrairement au concept de « circulation des normes » prévalant chez nombre de juristes, l’étude tant de la prévention que de la répression mettra en valeur certes un mouvement sécuritaire dont le héraut est sans conteste les États-Unis mais surtout une inertie certaine des systèmes, sorte de réticence passive de l’autonomie des systèmes juridiques.
Assessment of Dental Arch Changes and Buccal Bone Thickness in Patients treated with Self-ligating Brackets
Authors: Ibiapina Deolino J , Oltramari-Navarro Paula V , Navarro Ricardo L , Almeida Marcio R , Mendonça Daniela L , Conti Ana CCF 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
To evaluate changes in transverse dimensions of upper arch and thickness of the buccal bone plate in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment during the leveling phase.

Materials and methods
Sixteen patients aged between 11 and 30 years, presenting with class I and II malocclusion, with minimum of 2 mm crowding treated without extraction, were divided into two groups: GI (n = 8), self-ligating brackets (Easyclip Aditek), and GII (n = 8), conventional preadjusted brackets (3M Unitek). The intercanines, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were measured in dental casts using a digital caliper, before (T1) and after 6 months of treatment (T2). Measurements of the thickness of the bone plate were performed by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and Dolphin three-dimensional program. Paired and nonpaired t tests were applied to analyze the results in and between the groups for the changes in the transversal arch dimensions and buccal bone thickness.

Results
In all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5%. A nonsignificant increase in transverse dimensions and a slight reduction on thickness of the buccal bone plate were observed in both groups.

Conclusion
The dimensional changes of transverse and thickness of the bone plate during the initial phase of treatment were similar, regardless of the bracket design.

Clinical significance
It should be noted that the bracket design does not influence the treatment course regarding transversal dimensions and buccal bone thickness.

How to cite this article
Ibiapina DJ, Oltramari-Navarro PV, Navarro RL, Almeida MR, Mendonça DL, Conti ACCF. Assessment of Dental Arch Changes and Buccal Bone Thickness in Patients treated with Self-ligating Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):434-439.
Assessment of the Influence of Meal Type on Fluoride Absorption due to Ingestion of professionally Applied Gels
Authors: Cavalli Andreany M , Rebouças Adriana G , Zanin Luciane , Flório Flávia M 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
The aim of this study is to assess the influence of eating, prior to application of professionally used gels, on the rate of fluoride absorption due to the ingestion of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF).

Materials and methods
After fasting for 12 hours, 16 adult volunteers (> 65 kg) ingested two types of meal: Breakfast (n = 8) and Lunch (n = 8). Accidental ingestion of fluoride gel used in molding trays was simulated (12,300 ppm; 61.5 mg F; pH = 4.65) 15 minutes after eating. After ingestion of the fluoride solution, 3 mL of venous blood were collected at the following times: Zero (before ingestion) and 15, 30, 45 minutes, 1, 2, and 3 hours. Fluoride concentrations in blood plasma were determined using an ion selective electrode.

Results
With the exception of time 0 (p > 0.05), the average blood plasma concentration of the breakfast group (BG) (0.34 ± 0.04 mg/L) was higher than that of the lunch group (LG) (0.24 ± 0.03 mg/L), with the moment of peak concentration being 2 hours after ingestion for both groups (BG = 0.4 mg/L; LG = 0.28 mg/L).

Conclusion
Results reinforce the idea that eating before undergoing professional application of fluoride is a factor of extreme importance regarding its safety, and that the time following a patient's heaviest meal should be the time of choice for planning clinical care.

Clinical significance
Our results should be considered when planning collective action that involves the application of the gel on children in a school environment, thus ensuring the procedure's safety.

How to cite this article
Cavalli AM, Rebouças AG, Zanin L, Flório FM. Assessment of the Influence of Meal Type on Fluoride Absorption due to Ingestion of professionally Applied Gels. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):451-456.
Functional Evaluation of the Behavior of Masticatory Muscles in Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture: A Prospective Study
Authors: Panchanathan Srimathi , Saranathan Maya , Kamalakaran Arun Kumar , Duraisamy Karthikeyan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
The purpose of this study is to functionally evaluate the behavior of the masticatory muscles (masseter and temporalis) following zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures by assessing bite force, electromyography (EMG), and mandibular movements.

Materials and methods
Group I consisted of 20 patients with unilateral ZMC fractures who were treated surgically with one-, two-, or three-point fixations at the frontozygomatic, infraorbital, or zygomaticomaxillary buttress region as per clinical and radiological assessments. Group II control group included 20 normal patients. The muscle activity was functionally evaluated before and after the surgery for a period of 6 months. The evaluation consisted of bite force measurement, EMG analysis of masseter and temporalis muscles, and measurements of mandibular movements.

Results
There was an increase in bite force and EMG activity throughout the evaluated postoperative period, but at the end of 6 months, the values were still below the control levels for majority of the patients. Maximum mouth opening increased considerably after the surgery.

Conclusion
According to bite force and EMG, the masticatory musculature returned to near normal levels by the 3rd month after the surgery.

Clinical significance
Management of fractures of the zygoma by open reduction and fixation raises the question of the location of fixation points owing to the action of masseter and temporalis on the ZMC. This study supports the current clinical concept of minimized fixation in treating ZMC fractures.

How to cite this article
Panchanathan S, Saranathan M, Kamalakaran AK, Duraisamy K. Functional Evaluation of the Behavior of Masticatory Muscles in Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture: A Prospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):463-469.
Assessment of Patients Referred to Specialty Dental Hospitals for Dental Implant Procedure: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Thukral Rishi , Prasant MC , Punjabi Krunal M , Paliwal Aparna , Patel Kunal 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionOne of the most common and effective ways of replacing missing teeth is by dental implants. Both quality and quantity of bone along with the area of implant placement govern the prognosis of the implant procedure. Certain risk factors predispose the implant treatment to high failure rate. Hence, we assessed the implant patients who were referred from private practitioners to the specialty hospitals from 2010 to 2014.Materials and methodsAll the patients being referred from private clinics to the specialty dental hospital for the purpose of prosthetic rehabilitation by dental implants from June 2010 to July 2014 were included in the present study. Skilled oral and maxillofacial surgeons were appointed for performing the implant surgical procedures. Prosthetic rehabilitation was done after 6 to 8 weeks and after 10 to 14 weeks in implant cases without and with bone augmentation procedures respectively. Distribution of dental implants based on the indications, location, dimension of augmentation procedure, and complication of implants was analyzed and assessed for the level of significance.ResultsOf the patients, 712 were females, while the remaining were males. Most of the patients were in the age group of 50 to 59 years. As compared with completely edentulous patients, most of the patients required rehabilitation by a single implant. Maximum dental implants were placed in maxillary premolar region and mandibular first molar region. Over 1,000 cases in this study required rehabilitation by augmentation procedure.ConclusionPartially edentulous patients are most commonly referred to specialized dental hospitals for prosthetic rehabilitation by dental implants, mostly with the purpose of implant placement. Failure rate can be minimized by following strict patient selection protocols along with following a standard surgical criterion.Clinical significanceFollowing standard surgical protocols and strict treatment planning, prognosis of the dental implant procedures can be improved to a greater extent, thereby increasing its clinical success rate.How to cite this articleThukral R, Kumar A, Prasant MC, Punjabi KM, Paliwal A, Patel K. Assessment of Patients Referred to Specialty Dental Hospitals for Dental Implant Procedure: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):470-475.
Evaluation of Spontaneous Bone Regeneration after Enucleation of Large Cysts of the Jaws using Radiographic Computed Software
Authors: Wagdargi Shivaraj S , Rai Kirthi Kumar , Arunkumar KV , Katkol Basavraj , Arakeri Gururaj 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Spontaneous regeneration of bone is commonly seen in the small surgical defects caused by enucleation of cysts. However, in case of large surgical defects caused by the enucleation, spontaneous regeneration of bone is a rare phenomenon and it depends on factors, such as age of the patient, intact periosteum, and proper stabilization.

Materials and methods
The study included 16 patients, who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the complaint of pain and swelling in the jaws diagnosed as cyst. The sample included equal numbers of male and female subjects aged between 15 and 40 years. Panoramic radiographs were taken pre- and postoperatively on day 2 of the enucleation.
The dimensions of the cyst were evaluated on the radiograph according to the proforma.
Subsequent radiographs were taken at regular intervals of 1.5, 3, and 6 months using standard parameters and were analyzed using MCID™ analysis software of imaging research.

Results
Mean reduction was seen in up to 39 and 60% in the cystic cavity size and increase in the mean density up to 59 and 90.2% at 3 and 6 months intervals respectively.

Conclusion
Spontaneous bone regeneration was seen even after primary closure of the large cystic defect without the need for placement of foreign substances or grafts and it also eliminated the complications resulting from placement of foreign substance. Further studies are required in a larger sample with longer follow-up durations to confirm the outcome of the present work for the benefit of patients.

Clinical significance
The present study depicted that spontaneous bone regeneration can occur with accepted results after simple enucleation of jaw cyst without the aid of any graft material. Hence, simple enucleation may be considered as a first line of treatment modality for cystic lesion of the jaws. This simplifies the surgical procedure, decreases the economic and biologic costs, and reduces the risk of postoperative complications. Follow-up is necessary along with patient's compliance for the success of treatment.

How to cite this article
Wagdargi SS, Rai KK, Arunkumar KV, Katkol B, Arakeri G. Evaluation of Spontaneous Bone Regeneration after Enucleation of Large Cysts of the Jaws using Radiographic Computed Software. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):489-495.
At the Razor's Edge: Surgeons have Lower Stress Levels than the General Population
Authors: Nasr Adonis , Collaço Iwan Augusto , Abreu-Reis Phillipe , Manfrinato Marília França Madeira , Tomasich Flavio Saavedra , Bassani Tayron , Clivatti Gustavo Moreira , Fontanella Alana Padilha , Ito Juliana Midori , Hammerschmidt Ivilin 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the stress level in physicians of different levels of formation and to compare it between different medical specialties and the general population.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study, using a questionnaire validated in Brazil in 2010, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10).

Results
The stress level was higher among surgical doctors in comparison with clinical doctors, regardless of the stage of formation. There was a difference between the sex of the professionals, men showing lower results. None of these was statistically significant. Comparing to the American population or South Brazilian teachers, the medical preceptors presented a significant lower level of stress.

Conclusion
The medical specialty as well as gender and level of medical formation influence in the professional stress level, being elevated in fields of higher working hours and constant pressure.

Descriptors
Stress, surgery, residents, medical students.

How to cite this article
Abreu-Reis P, Nasr A, Tomasich FS, Collaco IA, Bassani T, Clivatti GM, Fontanella AP, Ito JM, Manfrinato MFM, Hammerschmidt I. At the Razor's Edge: Surgeons have Lower Stress Levels than the General Population. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(1):26-30.
Return to Play Following Open Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Novais Eduardo N. , Mayo Meredith , Kestel Lauryn A. , Carry Patrick M. , Mayer Stephanie W. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction:
After treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in adolescent competitive athletes, the rate, timing, and level of return to play have not been well reported.

Methods:
Adolescent athletes who underwent open FAI treatment were assessed at a minimum 1-year follow-up. Patients completed a self-reported questionnaire centered on the time and level of return to play. Pain and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS).

Results:
Among the 24 athletes included, 21 (87.5%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.6% to 97.3%) successfully returned to play after open FAI treatment. The median time to return to play was 7 months (95% CI, 6 to 10 months). Of the 21 who returned to play, 19 (90%) returned at a level that was equivalent to or greater than their level of play before surgery. Three athletes (12.5%) did not return to play and indicated that failure to return to play was unrelated to their hip. There was significant improvement in the mHHS (P < 0.0001), HOOS (P < 0.0001), α angle (P < 0.0001), and offset (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:
Most adolescent athletes can expect to return to the same or better level of sports participation during the first year after open treatment of FAI.
Evolution of genes involved in feeding preference and metabolic processes in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae)
Authors: Cardoso Gisele Antoniazzi , Marinho Marco Antonio Tonus , Monfardini Raquel Dietsche , Espin Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo , Torres Tatiana Teixeira 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genetic mechanisms undergirding behavior is poorly understood. Here, we present an evolutionary study of candidate genes related to parasitism in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae). Closely related species in this family exhibit distinct larval feeding habits, most notably necro-saprophagy and obligate parasitism.MethodsTo understand the genetic and molecular bases underlying these habits, expression levels of eight candidate genes for feeding behavior—Cyp6g2, foraging, glutamate dehydrogenase, Jonah65aiv, Malvolio, PGRP-SC2,RPS6-p70-protein kinase,andsmooth—were measured in four species using qPCR. Moreover we used expression values and sequence information to reconstruct the relationship among species and thedN/dSrate to infer possible sites under selection.ResultsFor most candidate genes, no statistically significant differences were observed, indicating a high degree of conservation in expression. However,Malvoliowas differentially expressed between habits. Evolutionary analyses based on transcript levels and nucleotide sequences ofMalvoliocoding region suggest that transcript levels were correlated to feeding habit preferences among species, although deviations under a strictly neutral model were also observed in statistical tests.DiscussionMalvoliowas the only gene demonstrating a possible connection to feeding habit. Differences in gene expression may be involved in (or be a result of) the genetic regulation of Calliphoridae feeding habit. Our results are the first steps towards understanding the genetic basis and evolution of feeding behavior in Calliphoridae using a functional approach.
Bone protein “extractomics”: comparing the efficiency of bone protein extractions ofGallus gallusin tandem mass spectrometry, with an eye towards paleoproteomics
Authors: Schroeter Elena R. , DeHart Caroline J. , Schweitzer Mary H. , Thomas Paul M. , Kelleher Neil L. 
Published: October 2016

Proteomic studies of bone require specialized extraction protocols to demineralize and solubilize proteins from within the bone matrix. Although various protocols exist for bone protein recovery, little is known about how discrete steps in each protocol affect the subset of the bone proteome recovered by mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. Characterizing these different “extractomes” will provide critical data for development of novel and more efficient protein extraction methodologies for fossils. Here, we analyze 22 unique sub-extractions of chicken bone and directly compare individual extraction components for their total protein yield and diversity and coverage of bone proteins identified by MS. We extracted proteins using different combinations and ratios of demineralizing reagents, protein-solubilizing reagents, and post-extraction buffer removal methods, then evaluated tryptic digests from 20 µg aliquots of each fraction by tandem MS/MS on a 12T FT-ICR mass spectrometer. We compared total numbers of peptide spectral matches, peptides, and proteins identified from each fraction, the redundancy of protein identifications between discrete steps of extraction methods, and the sequence coverage obtained for select, abundant proteins. Although both alpha chains of collagen I (the most abundant protein in bone) were found in all fractions, other collagenous and non-collagenous proteins (e.g., apolipoprotein, osteonectin, hemoglobin) were differentially identified. We found that when a standardized amount of extracted proteins was analyzed, extraction steps that yielded the most protein (by weight) from bone were oftennotthe ones that produced the greatest diversity of bone proteins, or the highest degree of protein coverage. Generally, the highest degrees of diversity and coverage were obtained from demineralization fractions, and the proteins found in the subsequent solubilization fractions were highly redundant with those in the previous fraction. Based on these data, we identify future directions and parameters to consider (e.g., proteins targeted, amount of sample required) when applying discrete parts of these protocols to fossils.
Risk and clinical predictors of osteoporotic fracture in East Asian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Ping-Hsueh , Kok Victor C. , Chou Po-Liang , Ku Ming-Chang , Chen Yu-Ching , Horng Jorng-Tzong 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionOsteoporosis is becoming an impending epidemic in the Asia-Pacific region. The association between risk of osteoporotic fracture (OTPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in East Asian patients is yet to be fully examined. We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study of 98,700 patients aged ≥50 years with or without COPD using a national administrative claims dataset.Materials and MethodsThe patients were divided into COPD and comparison groups comprising 19,740 and 78,960 patients, respectively. The groups were 1 to 4 matched for age, gender, index date, diabetes mellitus, pre-existing osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease. Information such as the geographic area where southern part represented more sunshine exposure, smoking-related diagnoses, alcohol use disorder, whether there was regular use of inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids, vitamin D prescriptions, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index score, and other relevant medical comorbidities were extracted for analysis. They were followed up until OTPF or the end of the year 2013. The outcome measure was an osteoporotic vertebral fracture and other long-bone fractures. A multivariate Cox model was constructed to derive adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for OTPF with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) after controlling for age, sex, insurance premium category, vitamin D prescription, osteoporosis, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Kaplan–Meier curves of the probability of OTPF-free survival for each cohort were compared using the log-rank test. Patients with OTPF during the first follow-up year were excluded from the overall risk calculation. Contributing factors to the increased risk of OTPF in COPD patients were examined in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsAfter a total follow-up of 68,743 patient-years for the COPD group and 278,051 patient-years for the matched comparison group, the HR for OTPF was 1.24 (95% CI [1.02–1.51];P = 0.0322) in COPD patients. The aHR was increased by 30% for vertebral OTPF (aHR = 1.297, 95% CI [1.020–1.649];P = 0.0339). Differential lag time sensitivity analysis revealed a progressively elevated risk up to 8-fold increase in women (aHR = 8.0 (95% CI [1.81–35.4];P < 0.01)) during the fifth follow-up year. COPD patients with pre-existing osteoporosis or given vitamin D prescription harbor a sustained increased risk up to the 5th (aHR, 4.1; 95% CI [1.61–10.35]) and third (aHR, 2.97; 95% CI [1.48–5.97]) follow-up year, respectively.ConclusionsOur nationwide population-based cohort study demonstrates that East Asian COPD patients aged 50 and beyond do harbor a modestly increased risk for osteoporotic vertebral fractures particularly for those who are female, have pre-existing osteoporosis or require vitamin D prescription.