bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Corneal Thickness Measurements with Optical Coherence Tomography and Ultrasound Pachymetry in Healthy Subjects and in Patients after Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Schneider Miklos , Borgulya Gabor , Seres Andras , Nagy Zoltan Z. , Nemeth Janos 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare central corneal thickness measurements made using two different methods, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultrasound pachymetry, applied both in normal eyes and in eyes on which photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) had been performed. A second objective was to assess the intrasession variability of OCT measurements. Methods In this prospective study, central corneal thickness was measured in 20 normal subjects (normal group) and in 20 PRK patients using the StratusOCT instrument model 3000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec), and also with an ultrasound pachymeter. Five OCT measurements were performed using the Fast Macular Thickness protocol. Corneal thickness data were obtained with the Scan Profile analysis protocol. The OCT measurement results were compared with the mean value of three ultrasound pachymetry measurements for the same eye. Results The pachymetry–OCT correlation coefficients were 0.96 and 0.97 in the normal and PRK groups, respectively (p=0.14). Neither linear regression nor Bland-Altmann analysis revealed any significant systematic measurement error. Intrasession standard deviations in the normal and PRK groups were 4.9 μm and 3.8 μm, respectively. Conclusions Noncontact central corneal thickness measurements made using the StratusOCT instrument are accurate and reproducible, both in normal subjects and in post-PRK patients. The instrument system does not need any modifications to correctly detect and measure the center of the cornea.
Comparison of Dose-Related Ocular Side Effects during Systemic Isotretinoin Administration
Authors: Cumurcu Tongabay , Sezer Engin , Kilic Rasit , Bulut Yunus 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the effects of high- (Group 1) and low-dose (Group 2) isotretinoin treatments for acne vulgaris on lacrimal functions and other ocular complications. Methods Twenty-six patients receiving high-dose (>0.5 mg/kg per day) systemic isotretinoin treatment and 25 patients treated with low-dose systemic isotretinoin (<0.5 mg/kg per day) underwent complete ophthalmologic assessment of both eyes before treatment, at days 45 and 90 of treatment, and 1 month after the completion of treatment, together with a microbiologic evaluation of conjunctival flora, tear film break-up time (BUT), and anesthetized Schirmer test of the right eye of each patient. Results When the results of the anesthetized Schirmer test for Groups 1 and 2 were compared (pretreatment, days 45 and 90 of treatment, and 1 month after treatment), there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Although BUT did not differ significantly between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05), there was a statistically significant decrease in BUT in Group 1 when compared with Group 2 at days 45 and 90 of treatment (p < 0.05). One month after the completion of treatment, there was no difference in BUT between the two groups (p > 0.05). No difference in Staphylococcus aureus colonization was detected between the two groups at days 45 and 90 of treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusions During systemic isotretinoin treatment, eye dryness was related to the dose used, at least during the period of treatment. Conversely, the rate of conjunctival S aureus colonization was unrelated to the dose of isotretinoin.
Causes and Treatments of Traumatic Secondary Glaucoma
Authors: Bai Hai-Qing , Yao Lin , Wang DA-BO , Jin Rui , Wang Yun-Xiao 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the cause, treatment, and cure of traumatic secondary glaucoma in 103 cases (103 eyes). Methods The records of 103 patients (103 eyes) were reviewed. Causes of the high intraocular pressure (IOP) were analyzed according to the time after trauma. Most patients achieved a better visual acuity and ideal IOP after positive medical, neodymium:Yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, or surgical treatment. The operations included anterior chamber irrigation, filtering operation combined with mitomycin C, lensectomy, vitrectomy, and combination surgery. Results Clinical findings of secondary glaucoma associated with ocular trauma are complex. Causes resulting in high IOP include intraocular bleeding, lens dislocation, phacoanaphylaxis, angle recession, and siderosis. After medical, laser, or surgical treatment, the IOP of most patients could be ideally controlled. After follow-up for half a year, the IOP of 3 cases (2.91%) was below 10 mmHg and 92 (89.32%) cases between 10 and 21 mmHg; only 8 cases (7.77%) still had IOP over 21 mmHg. Conclusions In traumatic secondary glaucoma, antiglaucoma medication should be used at the early stage, and surgery should be carried out when medical treatment does not reduce the elevated IOP, or in difficult cases to avoid severe complications. The postoperative IOP of most injured eyes was controlled within the safe range.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Filtering Blebs after Deep Sclerectomy with New Collagen Implant
Authors: Aptel Florent , Dumas Sophie , Denis Philippe 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To identify the clinical and anatomic characteristics of filtering blebs after glaucoma surgery with a new biodegradable collagen implant, Ologen, using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods The authors conducted a prospective interventional case series in 15 eyes with open-angle glaucoma. The authors performed limbal-based deep sclerectomy with Ologen implantation in the scleral bed. UBM, Visante anterior segment OCT, and a complete ophthalmic examination were performed at each follow-up visit, at 1 day, and 1, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Results Intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly reduced (p<0.001) from a mean preoperative value of 24.2±6.8 mmHg (n=2.82 glaucoma medications) to a mean postoperative value of 8.1±1.2 (n=0), 8.5±1.3 (n=0), 11.7±3.2 (n=0), and 14.2±3.9 mmHg (n=0.33) at 1 day, and 1, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively. Lower IOP correlated with bleb height and low trabeculocorneal membrane thickness (r=0.79, p<0.01, r=0.91, p<0.001) based on UBM examination. Lower IOP correlated with thin bleb wall, large subconjunctival fluid spaces, and low bleb tissue reflectivity (r=0.81, p<0.01, p<0.001, and p<0.001) based on OCT examination. No postoperative complications were reported. Conclusions UBM and OCT examinations are useful methods to evaluate outflow mechanisms after glaucoma surgery. Deep sclerectomy with Ologen implantation seems to be an effective and well-tolerated method to reduce IOP.
Intraindividual Comparison of Color Perception and Contrast Sensitivity with and without a Blue Light-Filtering Intraocular Lens
Authors: Eberhard Roman , Roberti Pietro , Prünte Christian 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate color perception and contrast sensitivity with and without additional glare in pseudophakic patients with a conventional intraocular lens (IOL) in one eye and a blue light-filtering IOL in the fellow eye. Methods Twenty-three bilaterally pseudophakic patients with a conventional IOL (Acr ySof SA60AT) and a blue light-filtering IOL (AcrySof Natural SN60AT) were tested for intraindividual comparison of visual acuity (ETDRS chart), color perception (Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test), and contrast sensitivity with and without glare (Contrast Sensitivity Pattern Generator). Information about subjective perception was gathered through a questionnaire. Results Four patients (17.4%) observed some difference in monocular color perception. Color testing did not show significantly different results for the two IOL types expressed as total error score and segmental error subscores for protan, deutan, and tritan ranges. Regarding contrast sensitivity, 5 patients (21.7%) indicated noticeable difference between the two eyes. Contrast sensitivity testing, however, showed similar curves for the two IOL types with and without additional glare. Conclusions Despite some subjective difference in color and contrast perception in a minority of patients, the study did not show significantly different results for the two IOL types.
A Comparison of Retrobulbar Block, Sub-Tenon Block, and Topical Anesthesia during Cataract Surgery
Authors: Ryu Jung-Hee , Kim Minsuk , Bahk Jae-Hyon , Do Sang-Hwan , Cheong Il-Young , Kim Yong-Chul 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This randomized, double-blinded, prospective study was performed to compare the intraoperative hemodynamic variables and the patient-reported outcomes, such as intra- and postoperative analgesia and patient satisfaction, of retrobulbar block, sub-Tenon block, and topical anesthesia during cataract surgery under monitored anesthesia care. Methods Eighty-one patients, ASA physical status I–III, undergoing elective cataract surgery under monitored anesthesia care, aged between 43 and 78 years, were randomly assigned to three groups: retrobulbar block (group R), sub-Tenon block (group S), or topical anesthesia (group T). Three minutes after the start of monitored anesthesia care with lidocaine-propofol-remifentanil mixture, an ophthalmologist performed regional anesthesia. Intraoperative hemodynamics, pain score, and patients' satisfaction with the anesthetic experiences were recorded by a study-blinded anesthesiologist. Results Mean arterial pressure and heart rate in group R were significantly higher than those in groups S and T during and just after the regional block (p<0.05). Group R required smaller dosage of patient controlled sedation and fewer supplemental bolus doses than groups S and T (p<0.05). On the other hand, group S showed the highest satisfaction scores among the three groups (p<0.05). Conclusions Sub-Tenon block seems to be better than retrobulbar block and topical anesthesia in patient satisfaction though adequate analgesia was achieved after retrobulbar block during cataract surgery under monitored anesthesia care.
Bacterial Contamination of Needle Points after Intravitreal Injection
Authors: Nentwich Martin M. , Yactayo-Miranda Yazmin , Weimann Steffen , Fröhlich Stephan , Wolf Armin , Kampik Anselm , De Kaspar Herminia Mino 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Evaluation of the magnitude and pattern of bacterial contamination of needle points with conjunctival bacteria during the intravitreal injection. Analysis of the efficacy of preinjection prophylaxis. Methods A total of 550 intravitreal injections were done in 414 patients (n=425 eyes). A total of 289 patients were injected once, while 125 patients received several injections. Before the intravitreal injection in the operation room, the following standard preoperative preparation of the eye–10% povidone iodine scrub on the eyelids, eyelashes and forehead and irrigation of the conjunctival sac with 1% povidone iodine–was carried out. Immediately after the injection, the needle points were rinsed three times in thioglycolate broth, which was cultured at 35°C for 5 days afterwards. As a negative control, 200 sterile unused needle points were treated the same way. Results Only 2 out of 550 (0.36%) needle points were contaminated after intravitreal injection. In sensitivity testing, the isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium sp did not show multidrug resistance. All 200 unused needle points proved to be sterile after 5 days of cultivation. Conclusions Contamination of needle points is minimal after iodine irrigation prophylaxis before intravitreal injection. Therefore, we recommend this prophylaxis technique before intravitreal injections. The low incidence of contaminated needle points, however, shows that there still is a risk of bacteria entering into the eye during injection.
Comparison of 0.5% Levobupivacaine, 0.5% Bupivacaine, and 2% Lidocaine for Retrobulbar Anesthesia in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Aksu Recep , Bicer Cihangir , Ozkiris Abdullah , Akin Aynur , Bayram Adnan , Boyaci Adem 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors compared the efficacy of local anesthetics levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine for retrobulbar anesthesia in vitreoretinal surgery. Methods A total of 135 patients presenting for vitreoretinal surgery under local anesthesia were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group LB patients received 5 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine, Group L patients received 5 mL of 2% lidocaine, and Group B patients received 5 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine for retrobulbar anesthesia via inferotemporal injection. Sensory and motor block durations were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative pain was assessed by using verbal pain scala. Anesthesia efficiency, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and akinesia were assessed by using point scales. Hemodynamic data and adverse events were recorded. Results The demographic characteristics of patients, duration of surgery, and hemodynamic data in both groups were similar. The duration of motor and sensory block was longer in levobupivacaine and bupivacaine groups than lidocaine group. Pain on injection was found more frequent in Group L and Group B than Group LB and the difference between the Groups LB and B was significant (p<0.05). Surgeon and patient satisfaction were also higher and intraoperative pain was less in levobupivacaine group than lidocaine and bupivacaine groups. Conclusions Levobupivacaine provides longer motor and sensory block duration and higher surgeon and patient satisfaction than lidocaine and bupivacaine when used for retrobulbar anesthesia in vitreoretinal surgery.
Two Cases of Inverse Bell's Phenomenon following Levator Resection: A Contemplation of the Mechanism
Authors: Na Kyung-Sun , Yang Suk-Woo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors observed the unusual complication of inverse Bell's phenomenon of two cases following repeated and extensive levator resection surgery for a blepharoptosis and suggest the possible mechanism of the phenomenon. Methods Case report. Results The first case was a 22-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a congenital ptosis with good levator function and she underwent levator resection and several reoperations because of asymmetry of lid height. Inverse Bell's phenomenon and resultant exposure keratitis were found in both eyes following the final surgery and they resolved in 1 month. The second case was a 19-year-old man with a right residual congenital ptosis. After a maximal levator resection was performed, he had a satisfactory lid height. Inverse Bell's phenomenon of right eye developed and reverted to normal after 2 weeks. The injury of oculomotor nerves in superior rectus during the repeated and excessive operation would alter a trigemino-oculomotor projection but it is unlikely because the phenomenon resolved without any treatment. Severe edema and hyperemia of the superior fornix following the operation may aggravate the relationship between eyelid and superior rectus movements. Conclusions The simultaneous resolution of eyelid edema and inverse Bell's phenomenon supports our hypothesis that the latter may be determined by the edema of the soft tissue secondary to the surgical manipulations rather than the aberrant connections of the nervous system. When the inverse Bell's phenomenon develops postoperatively, copious use of lubricant and close follow-up of corneal complication is required until it resolves.
Escherichia Coli Keratitis Treated with Ultraviolet A/Riboflavin Corneal Cross-Linking: A Case Report
Authors: Ferrari Tommaso Micelli , Leozappa Marco , Lorusso Massimo , Epifani Enrico , Ferrari Luisa Micelli 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a case of keratitis caused by the Gram-negative Escherichia coli, treated with UVA-riboflavin cross linking. Methods Case report. Results A 78-year-old woman with diabetes presented with a 1-week history of pain, photophobia, foreign body sensation, and lacrimation in the right eye. The patient underwent topical and systemic antimicrobial therapy, without improvement. The authors treated the patient with riboflavin and corneal UVA crosslinking, with the aim to promote healing of the ulceration. One day after the procedure, the corneal ulceration was covered by cicatricial tissue, and the patient reported a significant improvement in symptoms. One month after the treatment, corneal edema was almost completely resolved, corneal ulceration was healed, and the painful symptoms of the patient had disappeared. Conclusions UVA-riboflavin crosslinking can be useful for the treatment of corneal ulceration unresponsive to medical treatment.
Flap Amputation with Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) and Adjuvant Mitomycin C for Severe Post-Lasik Epithelial Ingrowth
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Ide Takeshi , Yoo Sonia H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a patient with severe post–laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) epithelial ingrowth and keratolysis treated with flap amputation and phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with adjuvant intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC). Methods Case report. Results A 55-year-old woman was referred to our department due to severe post-LASIK epithelial ingrowth with corneal melting 2 years after primary LASIK. The patient had had two previous attempts for epithelial ingrowth treatment (flap lift and epithelial ingrowth manual removal) that were unsuccessful. Slit lamp biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography showed extensive epithelial ingrowth and keratolysis (thinning of the LASIK flap) while the patient had photophobia and could not tolerate contact lenses. Flap amputation with subsequent PTK (in order to smooth out the corneal irregularities caused by the keratolysis and/or variations in flap thickness) and adjuvant intraoperative MMC application for 2 minutes was performed. There were no intra- or postoperative adverse events seen during the follow-up period. Six months after the procedure, uncorrected visual acuity improved to 20/40 compared with 20/50 preoperatively, while best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/40 to 20/32. The topographic astigmatism was decreased from 3.24 diopters (D) to 1.00 D. Conclusions Flap amputation with PTK and adjuvant intraoperative MMC is an option for the management of severe post-LASIK epithelial ingrowth with keratolysis.
Argon-Laser Iridoplasty in the Management of Uveitis-Induced Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Mansouri Kaweh , Ravinet Emilie 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the use of argon laser iridoplasty in the management of uveitic acute angle-closure glaucoma. Methods Interventional case report. Results A 46-year-old man developed uveitic acute angle-closure glaucoma with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 65 mmHg. After unsuccessful attempts with medical treatment and two laser peripheral iridotomies, iridoplasty allowed to break posterior synechiae, open the angle, and reduce the IOP within a few hours. Conclusions Argon laser iridoplasty allowed rapid reduction of IOP and prevented the need for emergency surgery. Therefore, the authors stipulate that it is a viable management option in active uveitic acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Bartonellosis Causing Bilateral Leber Neuroretinitis: A Case Report
Authors: Hernández-Da Mota Sergio E. , Escalante-Razo Felipe A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Bartonella henselae is the causal agent of cat scratch disease and one variation in its presentation is Leber neuroretinitis. The unilateral presence of exudation as a macular star and papilledema represent its most common presentation. Methods Observational case report. A 7-year-old girl presented a sudden decrease of visual acuity and bilateral macular exudation (macular star) as well as choroiditis. Results A complete recovery of visual acuity was seen after a 6-week follow-up. Erythromycin plus deflazacort treatment was given. Conclusions The present case represents an unusual variety of cat scratch disease. This represents a challenge in the differential diagnosis of diseases such as Lyme disease and tuberculosis among others.
Effect of Chalazion Excision on Refractive Error and Corneal Topography
Authors: Bagheri Abbas , Hasani Hamid R. , Karimian Farid , Abrishami Mohammad , Yazdani Shahin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate refractive and corneal topographic changes following excision of chalazia. Methods This prospective noncomparative quasi-experimental clinical trial includes consecutive patients older than 7 years with chalazia of minimum duration of 1 month who underwent excision of the lesions by an internal or external approach. Results Overall, 253 lids from 228 eyes of 195 patients including 110 female subjects with mean age of 31±14 years (range 7–71) were studied. Mean duration of presenting symptoms was 4±2.8 months (range 1–24). Lesions were equally distributed in medial, central, and lateral areas of the eyelids. The chalazia were single in 172 (88.2%) and multiple in 23 (11.8%) patients. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent refractive error, and difference of keratometry (corneal astigmatism) were 0.0004±0.007 logMAR (p=0.3), −0.06±0.6 D (p=0.1), and 0.34±0.35 (p<0.0001) after surgery, respectively. Corneal topographic analysis revealed significant changes in surface regularity index (0.13), surface asymmetry index (0.09), and potential visual acuity (0.06±0.1 logMAR) after the procedure (p<0.0001 for all comparisons). Single, central, and firm chalazia were compared with multiple, peripheral, and soft lesions; change in difference of keratometry and spherical equivalent were 0.75±0.42 D versus 0.22±0.15 D (p=0.001) and −0.35±0.19 versus −0.11±0.30 D (p=0.1), respectively, implying more induced astigmatism with the former type of lesions. Conclusions Chalazion excision can decrease corneal astigmatism and irregularity, which is more prominent in single, firm, and central upper lid lesions. These findings may have implications in pediatric patients at risk for amblyopia.
Extraocular Muscle Fixation to Porous Polyethylene Orbital Implants Using 2-Octyl-Cyanoacrylate
Authors: Ferraz Lucieni Cristina Barbarini , Schellini Silvana A. , Wludarski Sheila L. , Padovani Carlos R. , Selva Dinesh , Mueller Sergio 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of bioadhesive in attaching the extraocular muscles to porous polyethylene spheres in rabbit enucleated cavities. Methods A prospective, experimental study was performed. Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent right enucleation with insertion of an unwrapped 12 mm porous polyethylene sphere. The superior and inferior rectus muscles were attached to the implant with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate placed to the underside of the muscles and application of pressure for 5 seconds. Ninety days after surgery, the orbits were exenterated and four animals underwent histologic evaluation and the other four animals tensile strength testing of the muscle-sphere attachment. Results There were no exposures or infections of the implants and the muscles remained attached in all cases. Histologic examination showed fibrous tissue reaction at the muscle-sphere attachment with minimal inflammation of the surrounding tissues; a pseudocapsule formation around the spheres and full vascularization of the implant was also observed. There was no evidence of residual glue on histologic examination. Tensile strength testing showed that rupture force was similar between bonded muscle and the porous polyethylene sphere. Conclusions The 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate did not cause deleterious effects in orbital tissues and provided strong adhesion between muscles and spheres. Bioadhesive may be an option for attaching the extraocular muscles to orbital implants in anophthalmic cavity reconstruction.