bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variance-Based Sensitivity Analysis of the River-Routing Component of the Large-Scale Hydrological Model ISBA–TRIP: Application on the Amazon Basin
Authors: Emery Charlotte M. , Biancamaria Sylvain , Boone Aaron , Garambois Pierre-André , Ricci Sophie , Rochoux Mélanie C. , Decharme Bertrand 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The continental part of the water cycle is commonly represented with hydrological models. Yet, there are limits in their capacity to accurately estimate water storage and dynamics because of their coarse spatial resolution, simplified physics, and an incomplete knowledge of atmospheric forcing and input parameters. These errors can be diminished using data assimilation techniques. The model’s most sensitive parameters should be identified beforehand. The objective of the present study is to highlight key parameters impacting the river-routing scheme Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) while simulating river water height and discharge as a function of time focusing on the annual cycle. Thus, a sensitivity analysis based on the decomposition of model output variance (using a method called ANOVA) is utilized and applied over the Amazon basin. Tested parameters are perturbed with correcting factors. First, parameter-correcting coefficients are considered uniform over the entire basin. The results are specific to the TRIP model and show that geomorphological parameters explain around 95% of the water height variance with purely additive contributions, all year long, with a dominating impact of the river Manning coefficient (40%), the riverbed slope (35%), and the river width (20%). The results also show that discharge is essentially sensitive to the groundwater time constant that makes up more than 90% of the variance. To a lesser extent, in rising/falling flow period, the discharge is also sensitive to geomorphological parameters. Next, the Amazon basin is divided into nine subregions and the sensitivity analysis is carried out for regionalized parameter-correcting coefficients. The results show that local-region parameters impact water height, while upstream-region parameters affect discharge.
The Demobilization of Civil Society
Authors: Jara Ibarra Camila 
Published: September 2016

The return of democracy in Chile was characterized by the fragmentation, weakening, and crisis of social movements, which were barely present in decision making and defining the national political agenda in the postdictatorship period. Of the multiple factors that contributed to this demobilization, an important one was the influence of the collective trauma inherited from previous decades. In time, however, posttraumatic memory contributed to the generation of new identities and inputs for the collective action of the 2011 protest cycle. El retorno a la democracia en Chile se caracterizó por la fragmentación, debilitamiento y crisis de los movimientos sociales, con una escasa presencia de éstos en la toma de decisiones y en la definición de la agenda política nacional en la fase post-dictatorial. De los factores multiples que contribuyeron a dar forma a esta desmovilización, un factor importante era la influencia del post-trauma colectivo heredado de las décadas precedentes. Con el tiempo, esta memoria post-traumática permite la (re)generación de nuevas identidades e ideas-fuerza para la acción colectiva del ciclo de protestas 2011.
Justification and active guideline implementation for spine radiography referrals in primary care
Authors: Tahvonen Pirita , Oikarinen Heljä , Niinimäki Jaakko , Liukkonen Esa , Mattila Seija , Tervonen Osmo 
Published: September 2016

Background Spinal disorders are a major public health problem. Appropriate diagnostic imaging is an essential part in the management of back complaints. Nevertheless, inappropriate imaging increases population collective dose and health costs without improving outcome. Purpose To determine the effects of active implementation of referral guidelines on the number and justification of spine radiography in primary care in one city. Material and Methods Specified guidelines for spine radiography were distributed to referring practitioners altogether three times during the study period. Educational lectures were provided before the guidelines were taken into use. The guidelines were also made available via the intranet. The number of spine radiography referrals during similar 6-month periods in the year preceding the interventions and the following 2 years was analyzed. Justification of 448 spine radiographs was assessed similarly. Results After interventions, the total number of spine radiography examinations decreased by 48% (P < 0.001) and that of cervical spine radiography by 46% ( P < 0.001), thoracic spine by 53% ( P < 0.001), and lumbar spine by 47% ( P < 0.001). The results persisted after 1-year follow-up. Before interventions, 24% of the cervical, 46% of the thoracic, and 32% of the lumbar spine radiography referrals were justified. After interventions, only justification of lumbar spine radiography improved significantly, 64% being justified ( P = 0.005). Conclusion Spine radiography in primary care can be reduced significantly by active referral guideline implementation. The proportion of inappropriate radiography was unexpectedly high. Thus, further education and studies concerning the appropriate use of spinal radiography seems to be needed.
Promotion of Weight Loss by Health-Care Professionals: Implications for Influencing Weight Loss/Control Behaviors
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Davis Robert E. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Despite evidence demonstrating that health-care providers (HCPs) can effectively promote health behaviors and weight loss among their patients, the extent to which HCPs promote weight loss among overweight and obese adults is not fully understood as the studies on this topic have mostly been conducted in convenience samples. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which HCPs promote weight loss among overweight and obese adults. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012. Participants: A total of 2291 overweight or obese adults (males 46%, females 54%) of varying racial/ethnic backgrounds. Measures: Weight loss/maintenance promotion from HCP was assessed via patient self-report, with weight status assessed via measured body mass index. Analysis: Descriptive statistics and regression. Results: Among those receiving health care in the past 12 months, 19.4% of overweight, 46.8% of obese class 1, 62.8% of obese class 2, and 76.9% of obese class 3 adults were advised to lose/control their weight, and the odds of being advised to control/lose weight by HCP increased accordingly. These results were similar when evaluated across various subpopulations (eg, age, gender). Those who received advice to lose/control weight had 3 times the odds of adopting weight loss/control behaviors (odds ratio = 3.1). Conclusions: Additional weight loss promotion among overweight and all classes of obese adults is needed from HCP.
What Works to Make Cities Good for Living?
Authors: Suresh K. 
Published: September 2016

In response to a new global coalition of more than 500 leading health and development organizations worldwide, India as a country has agreed on a roadmap to progressively ensure that all people have access to the health services they need, when they need them, without fear of financial hardship. Organizing relevant health services, pursuing only effective interventions and monitoring specific results by geographical areas, i.e., Urban Poor, Peri-urban, Un-recognized slums and so on through a better network of independent groups is the key responsibility of the health department. To make our cities worth livable with health and productive people, we need to address the issues of urban environment first, like providing safe water, controlling air pollution, general sanitation, sewage disposal, minimizing noise pollution, providing playgrounds, walking tracks, good roads and transport for minimizing commuting pain index.
The Antithrombotic Potential of Tinzaparin and Enoxaparin Upon Thrombin Generation Triggered In Vitro by Human Ovarian Cancer Cells IGROV1
Authors: Sassi Mouna , Chakroun Taher , Mbemba Elisabeth , Van Dreden Patrick , Elalamy Ismail , Larsen Annette K. , Gerotziafas Grigoris T. 
Published: September 2016

Background: A documented relationship between ovarian cancer and thrombosis does exist. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are cornerstone drugs in the primary prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolic events in patients with cancer. However, cancer cells may alter the efficiency of these antithrombotic agents. Objective: We aimed to characterize the procoagulant phenotype of human epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, IGROV1, and to compare the capacity of tinzaparin and enoxaparin to inhibit thrombin generation triggered by these cells. Methods: Thrombin generation induced by different concentrations of IGROV1 cells on platelet poor plasma (PPP) was assessed by the calibrated automated thrombogram assay. Tissue factor (TF) expression was studied using Western blot analysis. Then, the experimental model of thrombin generation was used to compare the inhibitory effect of clinically relevant concentrations of both tinzaparin and enoxaparin. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of the mean rate index and the endogenous thrombin potential and the 2-fold increase in lag time were analyzed on the basis of the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities of the LMWHs. Results: IGROV1 cells suspended into PPP resulted in a significant increase in thrombin generation in the absence of any exogenous source of TF and phospholipids. Tissue factor was expressed by IGROV1 cells. Tinzaparin was a more potent inhibitor of thrombin generation than enoxaparin. The inhibition of thrombin generation induced by IGROV1 cancer cells depended mainly on the anti-Xa activity of the LMWHs. Conclusion: This experimental study in ovarian cancer cells demonstrates that the antithrombotic activity of LMWHs is not completely predicted by the anti-Xa or anti-IIa activities measured in PPP.
Early experience with the Penumbra SMART coil in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: Safety and efficacy
Authors: Stapleton Christopher J , Torok Collin M , Patel Aman B 
Published: September 2016

Background Penumbra SMART coils differ from traditional microcoils used for endovascular coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in that they (1) become progressively softer from their distal to proximal end, rather than being of uniform stiffness, (2) have a tight conformational structure, and (3) have a more robust stretch-resistance platform. These properties aid in preventing microcatheter prolapse and coil herniation during coil deployment and in filling small pockets of the aneurysm sac. Objective/Methods To determine the safety and efficacy of this device, the records of 17 consecutive patients with IAs treated with SMART coils were retrospectively analyzed. Results Thirteen female and four male patients were identified. Eleven patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, four had recurrent aneurysms, and two had incidentally discovered aneurysms. Twelve aneurysms (two of which were recurrent) were treated with stand-alone coiling, three were treated with stent-assisted coiling, and two with flow diversion with adjuvant coiling. Microcatheter prolapse occurred in one case of a recurrent aneurysm, due to mechanical limitations imposed by a stent placed during prior coiling. Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification (RROC) I or II occlusion was achieved in 12 aneurysms, including all 10 undergoing primary stand-alone coiling. Of the five RROC III occlusions, two were expected given treatment with flow diversion, while the other three occurred in complex, recurrent aneurysms. One patient suffered a thromboembolic complication of unclear clinical significance. Conclusions The Penumbra SMART coil is a safe and effective device for the endovascular treatment of IAs. Follow-up studies are required to establish long-term results.
Magnetization transfer imaging reveals geniculocalcarine and striate area degeneration in primary glaucoma: a preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liang Wenwen , Wu Guijun , Zhang Xuelin , Wen Ge 
Published: September 2016

Background Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects both the retina and central visual pathway. Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) is a sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can detect degenerative changes in the brain. Purpose To investigate the geniculocalcarine (GCT) and striate areas in primary glaucoma patients using region of interest (ROI) analysis of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). Material and Methods Twenty patients with primary glaucoma in both eyes were compared with 31 healthy control patients. All of the participants were examined on a 3.0 T scanner using a three-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient recalled acquisition (SPGR) with and without a MT saturation pulse. A two-sample t-test was used to evaluate the MTR difference between the groups. P < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results The MTR of the glaucoma group was lower than the healthy controls in both the bilateral GCT (t = 3.781, P = 0.001) and striate areas (t = 4.177, P = 0.000). Conclusion The MTR reductions in the bilateral GCT and striate areas suggest that there is GCT demyelination and striate area degeneration in primary glaucoma. These neurodegenerative effects may be induced as a direct effect of retrograde axonal degeneration along with the indirect effect of anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration.
Plant mitochondria contain the protein translocase subunits TatB and TatC
Authors: Carrie Chris , Weißenberger Stefan , Soll Jürgen 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathways have been well-characterized in bacteria and chloroplasts. Genes encoding a TatC protein are found in almost all plant mitochondrial genomes but to date these have not been extensively investigated. For the first time it could be demonstrated that this mitochondrial-encoded TatC is a functional gene that is translated into a protein in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A TatB­-like subunit localized to the inner membrane was also identified that is nuclear-encoded and is essential for plant growth and development, indicating that plants potentially require a Tat pathway for mitochondrial biogenesis.
Emerging roles of the single EF-hand Ca2+ sensor tescalcin in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation
Authors: Kolobynina Ksenia G. , Solovyova Valeria V. , Levay Konstantin , Rizvanov Albert A. , Slepak Vladlen Z. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Tescalcin (TESC, also known as calcineurin-homologous protein 3, CHP3) is a 24-kDa EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein that has recently emerged as a regulator of cell differentiation and growth. The TESC gene has also been linked to human brain abnormalities, and high expression of tescalcin has been found in several cancers. The expression level of tescalcin changes dramatically during development and upon signal-induced cell differentiation. Recent studies have shown that tescalcin is not only subjected to up- or down-regulation, but also has an active role in pathways that drive cell growth and differentiation programs. At the molecular level, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that tescalcin can directly interact with and regulate the activities of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, subunit 4 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN4) and protein kinase glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In hematopoetic precursor cells, tescalcin has been shown to couple activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade to the expression of transcription factors that control cell differentiation. The purpose of this Commentary is to summarize recent efforts that have served to characterize the biochemical, genetic and physiological attributes of tescalcin, and its unique role in the regulation of various cellular functions.
RNA-binding protein HuR regulates nuclear import of protein
Authors: Zhang Wei , Vreeland Amanda C. , Noy Noa 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The RNA-binding protein HuR binds to elements rich in adenylate and uridylate (AU-rich elements) in target mRNAs and stabilizes them against degradation. The complete spectrum of genes whose expression is regulated by HuR and are the basis for the broad range of cellular functions of the protein is incompletely understood. We show that HuR controls the expression of multiple components of the nuclear import machinery. Consequently, HuR is crucial for the nuclear import of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2), which delivers RA to the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and whose mobilization to the nucleus is mediated by a ‘classical-like’ nuclear localization signal (NLS). HuR is also required for heregulin-induced nuclear translocation of the NFκB subunit p65, which contains both classical and non-canonical NLSs. HuR thus regulates the transcriptional activities of both RAR and NFκB. The observations reveal that HuR plays a central role in regulating nuclear import of proteins.
Behavioural integration of auditory and antennal stimulation during phonotaxis in the field cricketGryllus bimaculatus(DeGeer)
Authors: Haberkern Hannah , Hedwig Berthold 
Published: September 2016

Animals need to flexibly respond to stimuli from their environment without compromising behavioural consistency. For example, female crickets orienting toward a conspecific male's calling song in search of a mating partner need to stay responsive to other signals that provide information about obstacles and predators. Here, we investigate how spontaneously walking crickets and crickets engaging in acoustically guided goal-directed navigation, i.e. phonotaxis, respond to mechanosensory stimuli detected by their long antennae. We monitored walking behaviour of female crickets on a trackball during lateral antennal stimulation, which was achieved by moving a wire mesh transiently into reach of one antenna. During antennal stimulation alone, females reduced their walking speed, oriented toward the object and actively explored it with antennal movements. Additionally, some crickets initially turned away from the approaching object. Females responded in a similar way when the antennal stimulus was presented during ongoing phonotaxis: forward velocity was reduced and phonotactic steering was suppressed while the females turned toward and explored the object. Further, rapid steering bouts to individual chirps, typical for female phonotaxis, no longer occurred.Our data reveals that in this experimental situation antennal stimulation overrides phonotaxis for extended time periods. Phonotaxis in natural environments, which require the integration of multiple sensory cues, may therefore be more variable than phonotaxis measured under ideal laboratory conditions. Combining this new behavioural paradigm with neurophysiological methods will show where the sensory-motor integration of antennal and acoustic stimulation occurs and how this is achieved on a mechanistic level.
Puzzles in modern biology. I. Male sterility, failure reveals design
Authors: Frank Steven A. 
Published: September 2016

Many human males produce dysfunctional sperm. Various plants frequently abort pollen. Hybrid matings often produce sterile males. Widespread male sterility is puzzling. Natural selection prunes reproductive failure. Puzzling failure implies something that we do not understand about how organisms are designed. Solving the puzzle reveals the hidden processes of design.
Puzzles in modern biology. II. Language, cancer and the recursive processes of evolutionary innovation
Authors: Frank Steven A. 
Published: September 2016

Human language emerged abruptly. Diverse body forms evolved suddenly. Seed-bearing plants spread rapidly. How do complex evolutionary innovations arise so quickly? Resolving alternative claims remains difficult. The great events of the past happened a long time ago. Cancer provides a model to study evolutionary innovation. A tumor must evolve many novel traits to become an aggressive cancer. I use what we know or could study about cancer to describe the key processes of innovation. In general, evolutionary systems form a hierarchy of recursive processes. Those recursive processes determine the rates at which innovations are generated, spread and transmitted. I relate the recursive processes to abrupt evolutionary innovation.
Environmental enrichment for adults with neurological conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Reid Isabella , Ng Louisa , Khan Fary 
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Environmental enrichment is proposed to improve neurological recovery through neuroplasticity. The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether environmental enrichment improves neurological outcomes. Methods: An extensive search in PubMed (1966 to March 2015), EMBASE (1988 to March 2015), CINAHL (1982 to March 2015), AMED (1985 to March 2015), Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (March 2015) and PsycINFO(1806 to March 2015) was performed. Studies that compared environmental enrichment to control conditions in a controlled design or pre/post-test and/or time series with a minimum of five participants were included. A best evidence synthesis based on methodological quality was performed using GRADE. Studies were grouped by single or multimodal environmental enrichment. Results: Three studies (two randomised controlled trials and one controlled clinical trial) were identified. Based on these two ‘moderate’ quality and one ‘low’ quality studies, there is ‘low level’ evidence for music for improvement in cognitive function and mood but not quality of life; and for light for improvement of fatigue, and ‘very low level’ evidence for multimodal environmental enrichment for the improvement of activity levels. Conclusions: Current evidence tentatively suggests that environmental enrichment improves cognitive function, mood and activity levels; however further high-quality studies are needed for conclusive findings. Specifically, further studies are needed to determine the relative effectiveness of various environmental enrichment interventions, as well as the optimal ‘dose’ of environmental enrichment.