bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of carrier dynamics and thermal effect of the GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch in lock-on mode
Authors: Liu Chun , Xu Ming , Chen Shengtao , Sun Li , Zhang Liqing , Li Qianqian , Wang Jiahao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The lock-on effect of the gallium arsenide photoconductive semiconductor switch (GaAs PCSS) at repetition rate aggravates the current crowding and electric field distortion, which significantly increases the risk of switch damage or even failure. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the carrier transport and the heat generation mechanism for improving the performance and longevity of GaAs PCSS in lock-on mode. The internal physical process of an opposed-electrode GaAs PCSS at low optical energy and strong electric field is analyzed and discussed by experiment and simulation. A device-circuit hybrid simulation is employed to investigate the transient electric field, carrier concentration, and lattice temperature distribution within the GaAs PCSS in lock-on mode. The device temperature exhibits a positive correlation with the applied bias electric field, resulting in a peak temperature of 1037.25 K at an electric field of 38 kV cm−1. The temperature distribution within the GaAs PCSS indicates a greater possibility for thermal breakdown and damage near the electrodes.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of AgCuTe-doped polycrystalline SnSe by lattice plainification
Authors: Wang Yajing , Wang Chao , Wang Xinxin , Cui Shengqiang , Hao Min , Wang Chunhui , Huang Xudong , Yang Gui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Polycrystalline SnSe, renowned for its environmental sustainability, holds promise as a significant thermoelectric material, attracting considerable research attention. This study focuses on the thermoelectric properties of p-type polycrystalline SnSe doped with silver copper telluride (AgCuTe). Our experimental results conclusively show that the decomposition products of AgCuTe not only fill Sn vacancies but also act as acceptors, thereby introducing additional hole carriers. This leads to a notable improvement in both carrier mobility and concentration. Importantly, the thermal conductivity of the doped samples remains largely unchanged, as the lattice flattening strategy significantly boosts electrical performance without affecting lattice thermal conductivity. Ultimately, the doped sample Sn0.97Se-0.5%AgCuTe resulted in a power factor of 6.2 mW mK−1 and a peak ZT value of 1.4 at 798 K, representing a 109% improvement in ZT value. All samples exhibits superior stability and reproducibility, emphasizing its reliability for practical applications.
Research on aquatic biological signal recognition based on mode decomposition and deep learning
Authors: Zheng Lijun , Yin Xiaomin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As an important research content in the field of marine biology and ecology, aquatic biological signal (ABS) recognition is of great significance for understanding marine ecosystems, protecting biodiversity, and monitoring environmental changes. To improve the recognition accuracy of ABS, this paper proposes a new ABS recognition method based on mode decomposition and deep learning. First, real ABS data were obtained from the public website, and some data were selected for the simulation experiment. Secondly, the signal is decomposed using improved variational mode decomposition by human evolutionary optimization algorithm, and the decomposed intrinsic mode function (IMF) set is classified into low complexity and high complexity IMF using improved Lempel–Ziv complexity and reverse permutation entropy. Then, mutual information is used to select double eigenvectors from low and high complexity IMF, respectively, and recognition is performed based on the double eigenvectors using weighted-convolutional neural network-bidirectional gate recursive unit-Attention model. Finally, the proposed ABS recognition method is applied to both chaotic and real signals, and additional proof of universality is performed using real signals. The result of the study shows that the accuracy of the proposed method for the recognition of chaotic and real signals is as high as 97.3% and 98.0%. In conclusion, the research on ABS recognition in this paper is successful and has a broad application prospect.
Federated transfer learning-based distributed fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings
Authors: Yang Guang , Su Juan , Du Songhuai , Duan Qingling 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Current methods for bearing fault diagnosis often fall short in addressing data privacy concerns and typically rely on one-to-one transfer strategies, which are inadequate for achieving knowledge transfer in distributed environments. To address this issue, a distributed fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on federated transfer learning is proposed. This method ensures data privacy while integrating fault knowledge from multiple domains, thereby enabling more efficient knowledge transfer. Specifically, a domain adversarial neural network (DANN) is introduced as the base model within the federated learning framework. Additionally, maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is incorporated into the DANN to enhance the transfer of fault knowledge. Finally, a dynamic weighting parameter update method based on MMD is designed to evaluate the feature discrepancies between source and target domains, thereby updating the parameters of the federated framework and achieving global model aggregation. Experimental results on two bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method excels in both distribution alignment and fault diagnosis.
Pedestal properties of negative triangularity discharges in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Vanovac B , Dunne M , Pütterich T , Happel T , Hobirk J , Silvagni D , Faitsch M , Lee K , Conway G D , Bielajew R , Yoo C , White A E , Bernert M , David P , Fischer R , Stieglitz D ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion WPTE Team
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, we explore the pedestal properties of negative triangularity discharges with upper triangularity of

δ
u

≈
−
0.35

and with both ion

∇
B

drift directions. In all cases, the discharges undergo a transition to H-mode with accompanying edge-localized modes (ELMs) that are not explained by the peeling-ballooning stability analysis alone. A variation in the ion

∇
B

drift direction is observed. A lower pressure gradient, shallower radial electric field well and increased temperature fluctuations are measured in the favorable case. In addition, irregular ELMs are present. This difference is more pronounced in electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) plasmas compared to plasmas with combined neutral beam injection and ECRH. A comparative analysis between two discharges, featuring similar plasma parameters but varied shaping, suggests that an interplay between other parameters, such as magnetic shear, the timing of the auxiliary heating and shaping, might play a strong role in low- to high-confinement transitions. While the low shaping discharge maintained L-mode, the high shaping discharge entered H-mode with ELMs, contrary to expectations.
An enhanced electromagnetic energy harvester based on dual ratchet structure with secondary energy recovery
Authors: Liang Xing , Shi Ge , Xia Yinshui , Jia Shengyao , Sun Yanwei , Hu Xiangzhan , Yuan Mingzhu , Xia Huakang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the continuous advancement of ultra-low-power electronic devices, capturing energy from the surrounding environment to power these smart devices has emerged as a new direction. However, most of the mechanical energy available for harvesting in the environment exhibits ultra-low frequencies. Therefore, the feasibility of self-powering low-power devices largely depends on the effective utilization of this ultra-low-frequency mechanical energy. Consequently, this work proposes an enhanced electromagnetic energy harvester based on a dual ratchet structure with secondary energy recovery. It converts ultra-low frequency vibrations into fast rotational movements by means of a rack and pinion mechanism, thus achieving high power output while maintaining a simple structure. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed harvester exhibits excellent power output under ultra-low-frequency external excitation. Under external excitation with a frequency of 1.5 Hz and an amplitude of 22 mm, with the optimal load matched at 20 Ω, the maximum power output reaches 598 mW, with a power density of 1572.65 μW cm−3. The secondary energy recovery power accounts for 34.4%, resulting in a 52.56% enhancement in the energy harvester’s output performance. Additionally, hand-cranking tests indicate that the fabricated prototype of the electromagnetic energy harvester can power some common electronic devices, including smartphones, showcasing significant application potential.
Spectroscopic analysis of tungsten spectra in extreme-ultraviolet range of 10-480 Å observed from EAST tokamak with full tungsten divertor
Authors: Zhang Wenmin , Zhang Ling , Morita Shigeru , Cheng Yunxin , Zhang Fengling , Hu Ailan , Zhou Chengxi , Li﻿ Zhengwei﻿ , Cao﻿ Yiming﻿ , Ma﻿ Jiuyang﻿ , Mitnik Darío , Jie Yinxian , Liu Haiqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tungsten spectra in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range of 10-480 Å have been observed from high-temperature plasmas in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with full tungsten divertor using four fast-time-response EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short (5-45 Å), EUV_Long_a (40–180 Å), EUV_Long_c (130–330 Å) and EUV_Long_b (270–480 Å) and two space-resolved EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short2_d (45–70 Å) and EUV_Long2_d (40–130 Å). The wavelength of measured spectra is accurately calibrated based on several well-known spectral lines emitted from low-Z (He, Li, C, N and O), medium-Z (Fe and Cu) and high-Z (Mo) impurity ions. Measurements of the tungsten spectra were taken from discharges accompanied with a transient tungsten burst event, which creates a pulsed influx of tungsten atoms into the EAST plasma. The tungsten spectra observed before and after the burst event are carefully analyzed with temporal behavior and radial profile distribution of the tungsten line intensity. As a result, 213 tungsten lines are successfully confirmed in the spectra observed after the tungsten burst, and the results are summarized in tables. These tungsten lines include line identifications of 78 lines of W XXIII - W XLVI (W22+ - W45+) at 10–140 Å and 88 lines of W V - W IX (W4+ - W8+) at 160–480 Å, while 47 tungsten lines at 50–380 Å could not be clarified the transition. In addition, quasi-continuum spectra called unresolved transition array (UTA) from tungsten ions in low- and high-ionization stages are also analyzed in three wavelength ranges of 18–38 Å, 45–70 Å and 150–280 Å at which W XXIII - W XXXVIII (W22+ - W37+), W XXVII - W XLVI (W26+ - W45+) and W VI—W IX (W5+ - W8+) are dominantly emitted, respectively. Through the analysis it is found that charge state distributions of tungsten UTA at 140–220 Å significantly vary with decrease in the electron temperature. Ionization stages of all observed tungsten lines including both isolated and quasi-continuum lines are experimentally reconfirmed by comparing the radial intensity profile with the electron temperature profile. Finally, spectral lines useful for tungsten diagnostic in fusion plasmas are selected and marked in the tables.
Nonvolatile ferroelectric control of electronic properties of Bi2Te3
Authors: Ding 丁 Xusheng 旭升 , Li 李 Yunfei 云飞 , Kang 康 Chaoyang 朝阳 , Song 宋 Ye-Heng 业恒 , Zhang 张 Weifeng 伟风 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nonvolatile electric-field control of the unique physical characteristics of topological insulators (TIs) is essential for the fundamental research and development of practical electronic devices. Electrically tunable transport properties through gating materials have been extensively investigated. However, the relatively weak and volatile tunability limits its practical applications in spintronics. Here, we demonstrate the nonvolatile electric-field control of Bi2Te3 transport properties via constructing ferroelectric Rashba architectures, i.e., 2D Bi2Te3/α-In2Se3 ferroelectric field-effect transistors. By switching the polarization states of α-In2Se3, the Fermi level, resistance, Fermi wave vector, carrier mobility, carrier density and magnetoresistance (MR) of the Bi2Te3 film can be effectively modulated. Importantly, a shift of the Fermi level towards a band gap with a surface state occurs as switching to a negative polarization state, the contribution of the surface state to the conductivity then increases, thereby increasing the carrier mobility and electron coherence length significantly, resulting in the enhanced weak anti-localization (WAL) effect. These results provide a nonvolatile electric-field control method to tune the electronic properties of TI and can further extend to quantum transport properties.
Structural color of metallic glass through picosecond laser
Authors: Zhang 张 Yue’e 月娥 , Tong 童 Xing 星 , Yan 闫 Yuqiang 玉强 , Cao 曹 Shuo 硕 , Ke 柯 Hai-Bo 海波 , Wang 汪 Wei-Hua 卫华 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The alteration in surface color of metallic glasses (MGs) holds great significance in the context of microstructure design and commercial utility. It is essential to accurately describe the structures that are formed during the laser and color separation processes in order to develop practical laser coloring applications. Due to the high oxidation sensitivity of La-based metallic glass, it can broaden the color range but make it more complex. Structure coloring by laser processing on the surface of La-based metallic glass can be conducted after thermoplastic forming. It is particularly important to clarify the role of structure and composition in the surface coloring process. The aim is to study the relationship between amorphous surface structural color, surface geometry, and oxide formation by laser processing in metallic glasses. The findings revealed that the periodic structure primarily determines the surface color at laser energy densities below 1.0 J/mm2. In contrast, the surface color predominantly depends on the proportion of oxides that are formed when energy densities exceed 1.0 J/mm2. Consequently, this study provides a novel concept for the fundamental investigation of laser coloring and establishes a new avenue for practical application.
Research on the HHO improved BP neural network fault prediction algorithm for distribution networks based on weather factors
Authors: Xu Yan , Dai Zikuo , Zhao Yi , Zhao Chenxing , Li Ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Weather factors have a substantial impact on the operation and maintenance of the distribution network, but the current system fault prediction platform mainly focuses on the operating characteristics of the system, that is, the internal parameters, and rarely considers the external parameters. Firstly, by studying the fault data of the distribution network in a city in northern China caused by weather factors, this paper obtains the main weather factors affecting the reliability of power supply in this area. Then, the Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) improved BP neural network algorithm is used to establish the main reliability evaluation models suitable for this region, and based on this, the fault probability of this region is predicted under the target weather. Finally, the prediction results are compared with the actual fault data caused by weather factors in this area. The results show that both the PSO-BP algorithm and HHO-BP neural network algorithm achieve better prediction accuracy than the BP neural network algorithm, and the HHO-BP algorithm has better convergence speed.
Three-phase imbalance model based on energy storage device
Authors: Dong Jiawei , Sun Weiqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to realize the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and integration of the source network, preventing and controlling three-phase imbalance is an indispensable subject. Aiming at the above requirements, this paper proposes and develops a model that takes energy storage devices as the core, integrating with the power grid to solve the three-phase imbalance. The model includes a power module with a detector, a rectifier-inverter module, an interactive module that can switch the charging mode and state, and a regulating and balancing module with PI control. This model can not only dynamically compensate the three phases quickly and accurately, minimize the three-phase imbalance, but also realize the functions of peak shaving and peak load regulation and provide guarantee and guidance for power grid operation.
Research on melon cascade drying technology to improve food safety
Authors: Zh Choriev A , Samadov O B , Tuxtaev Sh Q , Sabirdjanov R A , Sabirdjanova M A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The aim of the study is to study the process of cascade drying of melons. The prospects for the implementation of the melon drying process using IR convective heat supply are substantiated. Intensification of moisture transfer occurs due to pre-pulse IR treatment of high density power heat flow. The effect of heat flux emitted by IR lamps on the object of study was studied. Analyses have shown that in the proposed method, under the influence of IR rays, there is an intensive removal of moisture from the entire volume of the material. A decrease in air temperature leads to an increase in the duration of the drying process. And an increase in the density of the heat flux leads to overheating of the surface of the material layer.
Analysis of co-relation on LPBF process parameter on wear characteristics of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy
Authors: Saravana Kumar M , Jeyaprakash N , Yang Che-Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Copper alloy bearings, gears, and fasteners have a significant impact on industrial sectors. However, due to the defect formation and void generation during the manufacturing of copper alloy parts using (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) LPBF technique, the wear resistance of the copper alloy was significantly affected. Hence, the prime novelty of the current research is enhancing wear resistance by analyzing the interaction of combined LPBF parameters. In order to decrease cavity forms and reduce the wear rate of the printed Cu alloy components, the important LPBF process parameters such as Scan Velocity (SV) of 550, 750, and 950 mm s−1, Laser Power (LP) of 460, 540, and 620 W, and Re-melting Range (RR) of 5, 25, and 45% were selected and studied. The results of the experimental investigation were supported by the use of Grey Relation Analysis (GRA). A comparative study was conducted with five distinct parameter combinations to investigate the relative influence of each parameter on the relative density, wear rate and elastic modulus. The research findings verify that the application of optimal SV of 750 mm s−1 and RR of 45% with maximum LP of 460 W resulted in the maximum relative density of 99.91%, minimal wear rate of 0.52 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, and maximum elastic modulus of 140.22 GPa.
Evolution of tooth surface morphology and tribological properties of helical gears during mixed lubrication sliding wear
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Ma Chenbo , Li Zhengminqing , Yu Xiaofeng , Sheng Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In mixed lubrication, the interplay of lubricant flows, solid asperity contact, and material wear between tooth surfaces creates complex and unpredictable contact states on tooth surface. To comprehensively understand the interaction between the lubrication and wear characteristics of the rough tooth surfaces of helical gears, this study established a mixed lubrication sliding wear calculation model for helical gears based on the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication model and Archard’s model. Specifically, the study aimed to examine the effects of surface topography features on average film thickness, contact area ratio, and accumulated wear at the meshing point. The findings demonstrated that the texture and power spectral density distributions of a non-Gaussian reconstructed surface closely resembled those of the actual ground surface. Furthermore, for non-Gaussian rough surfaces, a larger wavelength ratio enhanced microwedge motion, which increased film thickness and reduced wear. Additionally, a negatively skewed surface demonstrated better lubrication performance compared to both positively skewed and Gaussian surfaces. This improved performance is evident in the smaller contact area ratio and lower accumulated wear value of the negatively skewed surface.
Trends in extreme rainfall and their relationship to flooding episodes in Vhembe district, South Africa
Authors: Munzhedzi Lily , Mugari Ephias , Nethengwe Nthaduleni Samuel , Gumbo Anesu Dion 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall, are being increased by climate change in various regions, and such events often cause floods. This study examined the trends and variability of extreme rainfall indices using daily rainfall data (1981–2023) from three study sites at different socio-economic development spectra in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The analyses focus on indices such as the annual total rainfall from wet days (PRCPTOT), the maximum number of consecutive dry days (CDD) and wet days (CWD), annual maximum 1-day and 5-day rainfall (RX1 day and RX5 day), the Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII), the number of days exceeding varying amounts of precipitation (R10, R20, R40) and the annual number of wet days with rainfall greater than the 95th and 99th percentile (R95p and R99p) of the 1981–2023 daily rainfall. We discuss the observed trends in extreme rainfall indices in light of the actual flood occurrences to establish linkages. Several statistically significant and marginal changes in extreme rainfall trends were identified and provided key insights into reported flooding events in the district—flooding episodes were mainly attributed to the significant increases in total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and rainfall exceeding the 99th percentile of daily rainfall (R99p). Other significant contributors were declining CDD and increasing RX1day at Duthuni, increasing R40 at Musina as well as increasing R1 and declining CDD at Sane. However, the low altitude, urbanization, poor waste management and inadequate drainage systems were among the key non-climatic drivers of flood risk across the study sites, but these warrant further investigation. The complex interplay between climatic and non-climatic drivers of flood risk underscores the importance of localized climate studies and the need for adaptive strategies to minimize loss and damage. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into localized extreme rainfall trends, which are essential for developing site-specific flood mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, such initiatives require placing vulnerable communities at the centre in order to develop solutions that are locally led and relevant.
Examining Your Instrument
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter, unique in its purpose, offers a hands-on tour of the larynx and the neck. It guides the reader through a detailed self-examination tour of the anatomic structures involved in voice production. Through the familiarity gained through this chapter, singers will become more confident in examining themselves, the first step toward “owning” their vocal apparatus.
Hearing and Singing
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hearing is an often neglected but vital topic for singers. Our ears are the afferent part of the feedback loop by which we monitor the voice. Even minor degrees of hearing loss may have an impact on vocal performance. This chapter describes how sound is heard, and addresses some common kinds of hearing loss. A simple self-test for distinguishing conductive versus sensory hearing loss is described, as well as advice regarding avoiding noise damage to the ears.