bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Impacts of Green Manure Incorporation on Soil Fertility Enhancement and Rice Yield
Authors: Way May Phyoe , Ngwe Kyaw , Soe Yinn Mar , Moe Kyi 
Published: October 2024

Soil green manure amendment is a potential agricultural practice for soil fertility management and conservation of ecosystem. Common green manure plants such as sunn hemp, dhaincha and pulses have different nature and ability to contribute essential nutrients for plant growth and carbon sequestration. Those plants are ultimately serving as a supplement or replacement for chemical fertilizers. Producing of nutrients from green manure amendment by decomposition and mineralization processes is influenced by quantity & quality of green manure and soil properties. Therefore, management of green manure to be efficient and synchronize crop demands is essential. Management on days to harvest, incorporation days into soil and amount of green manure is based on its C/N ratio and biomass obtained which are changing with the age. Rice is major crop and ultimately producing in topical Asia and the it is increasing to meet the demands of increasing population. The study focused on green manure amendment and its impact on rice yield. Incorporation of green manure enhances nitrogen and carbon balance in the soil while decreasing the need for chemical fertilizer applications, ensuring to improve rice yields. Rice yield by the application of only green manure 20 ton/ha application was 90% higher than that without nutrient application. Then, combine application of sunn hemp and chemical nitrogen fertilizer increases rice yield 8-17% than the only chemical nitrogen fertilizer. By combination of green manure 20 ton/ha and chemical N fertilizer 60 kg/ha produced higher yield than only double chemical N fertilizer rate of 120 kg/ha. Similarly, the synergistic effect of organic compost and green manure significantly increased the benefits of green manure alone. In terms of soil fertility, green manure amendment provides plant essential nutrients and improve physical and biological properties as well. Therefore, the practice of green manuring shows promising potential for positively influencing soil health, thereby contributing to the sustainability of crop yields.
Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Two Biological Insecticides (Azadirachta indica and Bacillus thuringiensis) and a Chemical insecticide (Diflubenzuron WP) against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize Crop, Western Bur
Authors: Ouattara Delphine , Tiendrébéogo Fabien Kis-Wend-Sida , Rabiéta Simdé , Kossi Latevi , Yaméogo Innocent Sibiri , Yaméogo Eutich U. W. , Sadia Hervé , Nacro Souleymane 
Published: October 2024

Aims: This study aimed at comparing the biological efficacy of Diflubenzuron WP, a chemical insecticide, and two biopesticides, one based on neem oil (Azadirachta indica) and an entomopathogen (Bacillus thuringiensis) against the fall armyworm on maize.
Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out on the irrigated scheme of Bama, western Burkina Faso during the 2022 and 2023 wet seasons.
Methodology: The experimental design was a Fisher block with 4 treatments: T0: untreated or control; T1: Bacillus thuringiensis; T2: neem oil; T3: Diflubenzuron WP, in 4 replications. Entomological observations focused on the score and severity of attacks, as well as the pest's infestations rate.
Results: The results showed that the different insecticides tested over the two wet seasons of 2022 and 2023 induced better control of S. frugiperda populations, with larval density being kept lower with the treatment of Diflubenzuron WP (4.25±1.2%), neem oil (14.28±1.6%) and Bacillus thuringiensis (24.5±3.2%). The insect damage severity rates and scores of damaged ears were also low for the three treatments respectively (1.09±0.2, 0.9±0.26 and 0.27±0.71) over the two cropping seasons. Diflubenzuron WP insecticide treatment not only reduced pest pressure, but also significantly improved maize yield. No surprisingly the highest yield (5.14 t/ha) was recorded with Diflubenzuron WP, followed by neem oil (4.62kg/ha) and finally Bacillus thuringiensis (3.92kg/ha).
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to determine the optimal doses of neem oil and Bt for the control of Fall Armyworm. Neem oil can be considered as a good alternative to a chemical insecticide like Diflubenzuron WP.
Evaluating the Yield Performance of Released Sesame Varieties in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Geremedhin Zerabruk 
Published: October 2024

The experiment was conducted in western Tigray in Humera and Dansha (Kebabo) area during the main growing season of 2016 under rain fed condition with the aim of evaluating and identifying the well performing and high yielder sesame variety. The experiment consisted of nine varieties laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, Result of the combined analysis showed highly significant (p<0.01) difference among the varieties in days to flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, thousand seeds weight and grain yield. Among the nine sesame varieties the highest mean grain yield was recorded on Setit-2 (1111.89 kg ha-1), Setit-1 (1070.58 kg ha-1), Humera-1(976.42 kg ha-1) and local check (970.20 kg ha-1) followed by Adi (755.42 kg ha-1) whereas the lowest mean grain yield was recorded on Borkena (548.67 kg ha-1), BaHa - Zeyit (548.69 kg ha-1) followed by BaHa- Necho (616.28 kg ha-1) and Gonder-1 (683.09 kg ha-1). This indicated that the verities released by Humera Agricultural Research Center and the local check (Hirhir) were highly performed in Humera. Therefore, even though they were statically similar; Setit-2 was recently released and it can be concluded that variety Setit-2 well performed and can be recommended for the growers in the study area.
Studies on Effect of Genotypes and Planting Time on Growth and Corm Characters of Gladiolus
Authors: Singh S.R.P. , Singh A.P. , Kumar Vijay , Tiwari Divya , Pal Mahender , Yadav Pankaj , Ojha M.D. 
Published: October 2024

Gladiolus is an important cut flower crop, grown commercially in many parts of the globe. This flower has gained popularity owing to its incomparable beauty, attractive colours, various sizes and shapes of florets, variable spike length and long vase life. Gladiolus produces beautiful spikes from December to March in the plains and from June to September in the hills of India.Gladiolus is very rich in its varietal wealth therefore, varietal evaluation in a particular growing condition becomes necessity of time to find out suitable variety for a particular region. Improvement of any crop is a continuous process and long process as well and, in this crop, tremendous scope is available to improve the existing cultivars, besides, other economical plants, the growth and development of gladiolus is governed by its genetic makeup and environmental factors of the growing region and various management practices. Among the various agro-techniques, the optimum planting time is of outmost importance. The Present investigation efforts aim to standard time of planting and suitability of varieties for local climate and edaphic conditions of the Nalanda (Bihar). A field investigation was conducted during winter season of 2018-19 at Research Farm of Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda, Bihar. Corms of gladiolus cultivars viz., Red Beauty, Candyman, White Prosperity and Intrepid were planted at different planting dates. The soils of experimental site are newly formed alluvial soils with pH 7.40. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations with four (04) varieties and four planting dates (D1- 25th Sept., D2- 10th October and D3- 25th Oct. and D4-10th Nov.) were laid out in split-plot-design with three replications. Minimum days to sprouting of corm (16.33 days), number of leaves per plant (11.27), length of leaves (86.87cm.) were with D2V2. However, maximum plant height (146.07 cm.) was in D2V1. Minimum days to initiation of spike (80.47 days), days taken to open first floret (95.07 days) and maximum length of spike (126.07cm.) were observed in D2V1. On the other hand, maximum numbers of florets per spike (21.20), fresh weight of flower spike (170.25 gm.), floret diameter (11.17cm.) and vase life (14.80 days) were in D2V3. Highest values for no. of corms per plant (1.40) and no. of cormels per plant (111.53) were noticed in D2V3. Besides, corm diameter (7.53 cm) and average weight of corm per plant (123.08 gm.) were found maximum in D2V1.
Disturbance dynamo effects over low‐latitude F region: A study by network of VHF spaced receivers
Authors: Kakad B. , Surve G. , Tiwari P. , Yadav V. , Bhattacharyya A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGeneration of equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities resulting from magnetic disturbance is known for past few decades. However, better prediction models for this phenomenon are still lacking. Magnetic storms also affects the F region plasma drifts. In this work we examined variability in (i) occurrence of such freshly generated ESF and (ii) low‐latitude F region zonal plasma drifts over Indian longitude. For this purpose simultaneous observations of amplitude scintillations on 251 MHz signal, recorded by a network of spaced receivers located at low‐latitude stations, are utilized. Observational stations are situated such that it longitudinally (latitudinally) covers an area of 5.6° (13°). Here effect of disturbance dynamo (DD) electric field at low‐latitude F region and its variability are studied for three magnetic storms occurring in 2011. These magnetic storms are having nearly similar type characteristics except their start time. We find that as time difference (i.e., ΔT) between local sunset and start of magnetic activity decreases, the DD effects seen at low‐latitude F region zonal irregularity drift around midnight becomes stronger. For a given magnetic storm the DD effect on F region zonal irregularity drifts is found to be only marginally stronger at dip equator in comparison to off‐equatorial stations. Although effect of DD on F region zonal irregularity drifts are felt simultaneously, generation of fresh ESF is variable within a smaller longitudinal belt of 5.6°. It is attributed to the presence of LSWS at the bottomside of F region, as initiation of ESF is highly likely (unlikely) in the vicinity of crest (trough) of such LSWS.
Modeling modified Circumpolar Deep Water intrusions onto the Prydz Bay continental shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Liu Chengyan , Wang Zhaomin , Cheng Chen , Xia Ruibin , Li Bingrui , Xie Zelin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn eddy‐resolving coupled regional ocean‐sea ice‐ice shelf model is employed to locate the hot spots where modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) intrudes onto the continental shelf within Prydz Bay, and locate the paths through which mCDW is transported to the Amery Ice Shelf (AIS) calving front. Evaluation of the model output is with satellite, hydrographic and borehole data. Two critical windows responsible for mCDW intrusions are identified. The first is the eastern branch of the cyclonic Prydz Bay gyre (PBG) that carries mCDW to the ice front line, accounting for an annual mean heat transport of ∼8.7 ×1011 J s−1. The second is located to the east of the Four Ladies Bank (FLB) where mCDW is channeled through submarine troughs, accounting for an annual mean heat transport of ∼16.2 ×1011 J s−1. The eddy‐induced heat transport accounts for ∼23% in the path of the PBG and ∼52% in the path of the eastern coastal current, with respect to their total onshore heat transport. The seasonal pulsing of mCDW intrusions is greatly dependent on the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) that peaks with a maximum of ∼29.3 Sv at 75°E in June. In austral winter, mCDW is allowed to access the eastern flank of the AIS calving front with potential consequences for the basal mass balance of the AIS. The dynamic effects of small‐scale troughs on the longshore ASC play an important role in the onshore mCDW transport.
Hydraulics and mixing in a laterally divergent channel of a highly stratified estuary
Authors: Geyer W. Rockwell , Ralston David K. , Holleman Rusty C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEstuarine mixing is often intensified in regions where topographic forcing leads to hydraulic transitions. Observations in the salt‐wedge estuary of the Connecticut River indicate that intense mixing occurs during the ebb tide in regions of supercritical flow that is accelerated by lateral expansion of the channel. The zones of mixing are readily identifiable based on echo‐sounding images of large‐amplitude shear instabilities. The gradient Richardson number (Ri) averaged across the mixing layer decreases to a value very close to 0.25 during most of the active mixing phase. The along‐estuary variation in internal Froude number and interface elevation are roughly consistent with a steady, inviscid, two‐layer hydraulic representation, and the fit is improved when a parameterization for interfacial stress is included. The analysis indicates that the mixing results from lateral straining of the shear layer, and that the rapid development of instabilities maintains the overall flow near the mixing threshold value of Ri = 0.25, even with continuous, active mixing. The entrainment coefficient can be estimated from salt conservation within the interfacial layer, based on the finding that the mixing maintains Ri = 0.25. This approach leads to a scaling estimate for the interfacial mixing coefficient based on the lateral spreading rate and the aspect ratio of the flow, yielding estimates of turbulent dissipation within the pycnocline that are consistent with estimates based on turbulence‐resolving measurements.
Morphological characterization of coral reefs by combining lidar and MBES data: A case study from Yuanzhi Island, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yang Fanlin , Zhang Hande , Su Dianpeng , Li QianQian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe correlation between seafloor morphological features and biological complexity has been identified in numerous recent studies. This research focused on the potential for accurate characterization of coral reefs based on high‐resolution bathymetry from multiple sources. A standard deviation (STD) based method for quantitatively characterizing terrain complexity was developed that includes robust estimation to correct for irregular bathymetry and a calibration for the depth‐dependent variablity of measurement noise. Airborne lidar and shipborne sonar bathymetry measurements from Yuanzhi Island, South China Sea, were merged to generate seamless high‐resolution coverage of coral bathymetry from the shoreline to deep water. The new algorithm was applied to the Yuanzhi Island surveys to generate maps of quantitive terrain complexity, which were then compared to in situ video observations of coral abundance. The terrain complexity parameter is significantly correlated with seafloor coral abundance, demonstrating the potential for accurately and efficiently mapping coral abundance through seafloor surveys, including combinations of surveys using different sensors.
Role for Atlantic inflows and sea ice loss on shifting phytoplankton blooms in the Barents Sea
Authors: Oziel L. , Neukermans G. , Ardyna M. , Lancelot C. , Tison J‐L. , Wassmann P. , Sirven J. , Ruiz‐Pino D. , Gascard J‐C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhytoplankton blooms in the Barents Sea are highly sensitive to seasonal and interannual changes in sea ice extent, water mass distribution, and oceanic fronts. With the ongoing increase of Atlantic Water inflows, we expect an impact on these blooms. Here, we use a state‐of‐the‐art collection of in situ hydrogeochemical data for the period 1998–2014, which includes ocean color satellite‐derived proxies for the biomass of calcifying and noncalcifying phytoplankton. Over the last 17 years, sea ice extent anomalies were evidenced having direct consequences for the spatial extent of spring blooms in the Barents Sea. In years of minimal sea ice extent, two spatially distinct blooms were clearly observed: one along the ice edge and another in ice‐free water. These blooms are thought to be triggered by different stratification mechanisms: heating of the surface layers in ice‐free waters and melting of the sea ice along the ice edge. In years of maximal sea ice extent, no such spatial delimitation was observed. The spring bloom generally ended in June when nutrients in the surface layer were depleted. This was followed by a stratified and oligotrophic summer period. A coccolithophore bloom generally developed in August, but was confined only to Atlantic Waters. In these same waters, a late summer bloom of noncalcifying algae was observed in September, triggered by enhanced mixing, which replenishes surface waters with nutrients. Altogether, the 17 year time‐series revealed a northward and eastward shift of the spring and summer phytoplankton blooms.
Sahel precipitation and regional teleconnections with the Indian Ocean
Authors: Dyer Ellen L. E. , Jones Dylan B. A. , Li Ryan , Sawaoka Hiromitsu , Mudryk Lawrence 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe drought in the Sahel in the 1980s has been associated with Indian Ocean warming, although the Sahel has experienced a recovery in precipitation since the 1990s, despite continued warming in the Indian Ocean. Using the Community Earth System Model (CESM), we examined the linkages between the pattern of Indian Ocean warming and changes in atmospheric circulation over the Indian Ocean and North Africa to determine how they impact Sahel precipitation. The influence of the Indian Ocean on Sahel precipitation was investigated using a series of sea surface temperature (SST) sensitivity experiments. We identified two mechanisms by which the Indian Ocean can alter Sahel precipitation. The first mechanism is associated with perturbations in SSTs on the equator that alter Sahel precipitation by modulating the Asian monsoon circulation and driving changes in descent in North Africa. The second mechanism is associated with SST perturbations that cover more of the basin and alter the overturning circulation between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. These two mechanisms result in different precipitation responses in the Sahel: the first induces an increase in precipitation as a result of warming in the Indian Ocean, whereas the second produces a decrease in Sahel precipitation in response to warming. Our results suggest that obtaining robust projections of precipitation in the Sahel will require reliably capturing the scale and spatial patterns of Indian Ocean warming.
Sensitivities of the hydrologic cycle to model physics, grid resolution, and ocean type in the aquaplanet Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Benedict James J. , Medeiros Brian , Clement Amy C. , Pendergrass Angeline G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrecipitation distributions and extremes play a fundamental role in shaping Earth's climate and yet are poorly represented in many global climate models. Here, a suite of idealized Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) aquaplanet simulations is examined to assess the aquaplanet's ability to reproduce hydroclimate statistics of real‐Earth configurations and to investigate sensitivities of precipitation distributions and extremes to model physics, horizontal grid resolution, and ocean type. Little difference in precipitation statistics is found between aquaplanets using time‐constant sea‐surface temperatures and those implementing a slab ocean model with a 50 m mixed‐layer depth. In contrast, CAM version 5.3 (CAM5.3) produces more time mean, zonally averaged precipitation than CAM version 4 (CAM4), while CAM4 generates significantly larger precipitation variance and frequencies of extremely intense precipitation events. The largest model configuration‐based precipitation sensitivities relate to choice of horizontal grid resolution in the selected range 1–2°. Refining grid resolution has significant physics‐dependent effects on tropical precipitation: for CAM4, time mean zonal mean precipitation increases along the Equator and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) narrows, while for CAM5.3 precipitation decreases along the Equator and the twin branches of the ITCZ shift poleward. Increased grid resolution also reduces light precipitation frequencies and enhances extreme precipitation for both CAM4 and CAM5.3 resulting in better alignment with observational estimates. A discussion of the potential implications these hydrologic cycle sensitivities have on the interpretation of precipitation statistics in future climate projections is also presented.
How are streamflow responses to the El Nino Southern Oscillation affected by watershed characteristics?
Authors: Rice Joshua S. , Emanuel Ryan E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that influence how global climate phenomena, such as the El‐Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), affect streamflow behavior is an important area of research in the hydrologic sciences. While large‐scale patterns in ENSO‐streamflow relationships have been thoroughly studied, and are relatively well‐understood, information is scarce concerning factors that affect variation in ENSO responses from one watershed to another. To this end, we examined relationships between variability in ENSO activity and streamflow for 2731 watersheds across the conterminous U.S. from 1970 to 2014 using a novel approach to account for the intermediary role of precipitation. We applied an ensemble of regression techniques to describe relationships between variability in ENSO activity and streamflow as a function of watershed characteristics including: hydroclimate, topography, geomorphology, geographic location, land cover, soil characteristics, bedrock geology, and anthropogenic influences. We found that variability in watershed scale ENSO‐streamflow relationships was strongly related to factors including: precipitation timing and phase, forest cover, and interactions between watershed topography and geomorphology. These, and other influential factors, share in common the ability to affect the partitioning and movement of water within watersheds. Our results demonstrate that the conceptualization of watersheds as signal filters for hydroclimate inputs, commonly applied to short‐term rainfall‐runoff responses, also applies to long‐term hydrologic responses to sources of recurrent climate variability. These results also show that watershed processes, which are typically studied at relatively fine spatial scales, are also critical for understanding continental scale hydrologic responses to global climate.