bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiomyolipoma with minimal fat: differentiation of morphological and enhancement features from renal cell carcinoma at CT imaging
Authors: Sung Chang Kyu , Kim See Hyung , Woo Sungmin , Moon Min Hoan , Kim Sang Youn , Kim Seung Hyup , Cho Jeong Yeon 
Published: December 2015

Background Angiomyolipoma (AML) with minimal fat may mimic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and is difficult to distinguish from RCC with imaging studies alone. Precise diagnostic strategies have been explored to discern AML with minimal fat from RCC. Purpose To compare the morphological and enhancement features of AML with minimal fat with those of size-matched RCC on computed tomography (CT). Material and Methods Our study included 143 pathologically proved renal tumors (29 AML with minimal fat: mean diameter, 2.5 cm; range, 1.2–4 cm; 114 RCC: mean diameter, 2.8 cm; range, 1.3–4 cm). All patients underwent biphasic helical CTs. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the morphological (i.e. non-round and round appearances, with or without capsule) and enhancement features (i.e., wash-out, gradual, or prolonged). For the parameters that had statistically significance between the two groups, we calculated the positive and negative predictive values by using the univariate χ2 test. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference. Results AML with minimal fat showed a non-round appearance without a capsule ( n = 24, 83%) and prolonged enhancement ( n = 20, 69%). The positive and negative predictive values of the non-round appearance without capsule for differentiating AML with minimal fat from RCC were 82.8% and 95.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of prolonged enhancement were 62.5% and 90.8%, respectively. These features were valuable predictors for AML with minimal fat from RCC. Conclusion CT images with non-round shape without capsule and prolonged enhancements may be used to differentiate AML with minimal fat from RCC.
Radial access for cerebrovascular procedures: Case report and technical note
Authors: Satti Sudhakar R , Vance Ansar Z , Sivapatham Thinesh 
Published: December 2015

Background Advantages of radial access over brachial/axillary or femoral access have been well described for several decades and include decreased cost, patient preference, and decreased major access site complications. Despite these advantages, radial access is rarely employed or even considered for neurointerventional procedures. This attitude should be reconsidered given several recent large, randomized, controlled trials from the cardiovascular literature proving that radial access is associated with statistically lower costs, decreased incidence of myocardial infarctions, strokes, and even decreased mortality. Radial access is now considered the standard of care for percutaneous coronary interventions in most US centers. Although radial access has been described for neurovascular procedures in the past, overall experience is limited. The two major challenges are the unique anatomy required to access the cerebral vasculature given very acute angles between the arm and craniocervical vessels and limitations in available technology. Methods We present a simplified approach to radial access for cerebrovascular procedures and provide a concise step-by-step approach for patient selection, ultrasound-guided single-wall access, recommended catheters/wires, and review of patent hemostasis. Additionally, we present a complex cerebrovascular intervention in which standard femoral access was unsuccessful, while radial access was quickly achieved to highlight the importance of familiarity with the radial approach for all neurointerventionalists. Results We have found that the learning curve is not too steep and that the radial access approach can be adopted smoothly for a large percentage of diagnostic and interventional neuroradiologic procedures. Conclusions Radial access should be considered in all patients undergoing a cerebrovascular procedure.
Detailed reconstruction of the nervous and muscular system of Lobatocerebridae with an evaluation of its annelid affinity
Authors: Kerbl Alexandra , Bekkouche Nicolas , Sterrer Wolfgang , Worsaae Katrine 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe microscopic worm group Lobatocerebridae has been regarded a ‘problematicum’, with the systematic relationship being highly debated until a recent phylogenomic study placed them within annelids (Curr Biol 25: 2000-2006, 2015). To date, a morphological comparison with other spiralian taxa lacks detailed information on the nervous and muscular system, which is here presented forLobatocerebrum riegerin. sp. based on immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, supported by TEM and live observations.ResultsThe musculature is organized as a grid of longitudinal muscles and transverse muscular ring complexes in the trunk. The rostrum is supplied by longitudinal muscles and only a few transverse muscles. The intraepidermal central nervous system consists of a big, multi-lobed brain, nine major nerve bundles extending anteriorly into the rostrum and two lateral and one median cord extending posteriorly to the anus, connected by five commissures. The glandular epidermis has at least three types of mucus secreting glands and one type of adhesive unicellular glands.ConclusionsNo exclusive “annelid characters” could be found in the neuromuscular system of Lobatocerebridae, except for perhaps the mid-ventral nerve. However, none of the observed structures disputes its position within this group. The neuromuscular and glandular system ofL. riegerin. sp. shows similarities to those of meiofaunal annelids such as Dinophilidae and Protodrilidae, yet likewise to Gnathostomulida and catenulid Platyhelminthes, all living in the restrictive interstitial environment among sand grains. It therefore suggests an extreme evolutionary plasticity of annelid nervous and muscular architecture, previously regarded as highly conservative organ systems throughout metazoan evolution.
Human mesenchymal stem cells target adhesion molecules and receptors involved in T cell extravasation
Authors: Benvenuto Federica , Voci Adriana , Carminati Enrico , Gualandi Francesca , Mancardi Gianluigi , Uccelli Antonio , Vergani Laura 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Systemic delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) seems to be of benefit in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) sustained by migration of T cells across the brain blood barrier (BBB) and subsequent induction of inflammatory lesions into CNS. MSC have been found to modulate several effector functions of T cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of MSC on adhesion molecules and receptors on T cell surface that sustain their transendothelial migration.

Methods
We used different co-culture methods combined with real-time PCR and flow cytometry to evaluate the expression both at the mRNA and at the plasma-membrane level of α4 integrin, β2 integrin, ICAM-1 and CXCR3. In parallel, we assessed if MSC are able to modulate expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial cells that interact with T cells during their transendothelial migration.

Results
Our in vitro analyses revealed that MSC: (i) inhibit proliferation and activation of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD3+-selected lymphocytes through the release of soluble factors; (ii) exert suppressive effects on those surface molecules highly expressed by activated lymphocytes and involved in transendothelial migration; (iii) inhibit CXCL10-driven chemotaxis of CD3+ cells; (iv) down-regulated expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data demonstrate that the immunosuppressive effect of MSC does not exclusively depends on their anti-proliferative activity on T cells, but also on the impairment of leukocyte migratory potential through the inhibition of the adhesion molecules and receptors that are responsible for T cell trafficking across BBB. This could suggest a new mechanism through which MSC modulate T cell responses.
C-Raf promotes Angiogenesis during Normal Growth Plate Maturation
Authors: Liu Eva S. , Raimann Adalbert , Chae Byongsoo Timothy , Martins Janaina S. , Baccarini Manuela , Demay Marie B. 
Published: December 2015

Extracellular phosphate plays a critical role in growth plate maturation by inducing Erk1/2 phosphorylation, leading to hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis. The Raf kinases induce Mek1/2 and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, however a role for Raf kinases in endochondral bone formation has not been identified. Ablation of both A- and B-Raf in chondrocytes does not alter growth plate maturation. Because C-Raf phosphorylation is increased by extracellular phosphate and C-Raf is the predominant isoform expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes, chondrocyte-specific C-Raf knockout mice (C-Raf f/f;Col II-Cre+) were generated to define a role for C-Raf in growth plate maturation. In vivo studies demonstrated that loss of C-Raf in chondrocytes leads to expansion of the hypertrophic layer of the growth plate with decreased p-Erk1/2 immunoreactivity and impaired hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis. However, cultured hypertrophic chondrocytes from these mice did not exhibit impairment of phosphate-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation.
Studies performed to reconcile the discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotypes revealed normal chondrocyte differentiation in C-Raf f/f;Col II-Cre+ mice and lack of compensatory increase in expression of A-Raf and B-Raf. However, VEGF immunoreactivity in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of C-Raf f/f;Col II-Cre+ mice was significantly reduced, associated with increased ubiquitination of VEGF protein. Thus C-Raf plays an important role in growth plate maturation by regulating vascular invasion, which is critical for replacement of terminally differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes by bone.
Beyond Representation and Simulation: Surviving the Age of Mediation and Its Failure in Kim Young-ha’s Quiz Show
Authors: Shin Haerin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article examines how the melancholic tradition of Korean literature takes a new turn toward epistemological disillusionment through Kim Young-ha’s (Kim Yŏngha) novel K’wijǔ syo (Quiz show, 2007). On the rapidly shifting horizons of unprecedented stability and prosperity, while exposed to the alienating effects of the newly emergent media-driven society where the meaning of community becomes fragmented and obscured behind scintillating screens clamoring with masked identities, writers of this era and thereon faced the double-bind of an ironic grief over the “loss of a shared sense of loss (beloved values)” that upheld the realist tradition, such as sovereignty, political integrity, and economic stability. Focusing on the gaps and overlaps between the representative functions of conventional media such as film, and the disconcertingly visceral incarnations of human desire and fallacy we see in the simulacra of new media platforms including cellphone texts and Internet chat rooms, this article suggests that Quiz Show responds to this challenge by highlighting the impossibility of “knowing,” whether the subject is one’s own self, institutional values, or even the very fabrics of reality. Reading the protagonists misadventures through tortuous passages of failed communication, representation, and simulation of new ideals, I discuss the story as a reflection on the identity crisis Korea’s younger generations were wading through amid the material abundance and ideological void in the 1990s. The spectral fragments of electronically mediated interaction we see throughout the novel, I claim, is an inquiry into what one may be, or even how one cannot be anyone at all, in a society where nothing can be safely identified or identified with anymore.
The Vernacular Aesthetics of Conte Adaptations of Western Films in Late Colonial Korea
Authors: Chon Woohyung 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
When four contes were serialized under the title of “Yŏnghwa esŏ odǔn kkongt’ǔ” (contes adapted from films; hereafter Cinema Conte) in the Chosŏn ilbo (Chosŏn daily) in 1937, they provided an important assessment of imperial Japan’s success with its cinema control polices in colonial Korea. The 1934 Regulation Ordinance for Motion Pictures stipulated that Japan begin reducing the number of Western film screenings in the colony to protect both the growing Japanese and colonial cinema. The policy’s full effect was expected to materialize by 1937. Cinema Conte’s adaptation process of four Western films into contes reflects this context of Western films’ reception in colonial Korea in 1937. The four authors of Cinema Conte highlight Japan’s institutional restrictions on Western films and the colonial Koreans resultant sense of deprivation by transforming Western movie satires into contes, a genre considered marginal at the time, while directing their satire against the contemporary, politically induced distortion of colonial Korean’s cultural experience of Western films. In this sense, Cinema Conte represents a political aesthetic, or aesthetic politics, which illustrates the unique emotional toll the geopolitical status as a colony had on Koreans. At the same time it performed the cultural work of sublimating Koreans’ frustrated passion into potent pathos.
Chains of Comparison, Difference in Empathy: Dialogic Texts in Colonial Korea and Taiwan
Authors: Shin Ji Young 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
What can we learn today from the contacts between the ethnic others who met as objects of colonial comparison? Using dialogic texts (letters, special issues of journals, and roundtables) produced in colonial Korea and Taiwan, this article asks “Can ‘Others’ meet without comparisons?” in order to investigate the “colonial contacts” of East Asia. In doing so, its perspective diverges from previous studies in three ways: first, by focusing on the relationship between the colonized rather than between the colonizer and the colonized; second, by conceptualizing the moments of empathy between the colonized as a function of their respective differences and particularities rather than their homogeneity as targets of oppression; and third, by examining the ambivalence of the colonized rather than the colonizer.
The moments when the colonized met according to the norms of colonial power were moments of ambivalent empathy when the colonized “competed yet empathized” and found themselves “compared yet implicated.” At the very moment, they also shared the empathy of “unavoidable discomfort” and “trembling before untranslatability.” An examination of these ambivalent moments thus makes visible the potential for Korea and Taiwan—or two “Others”—to come into contact through “particularity and difference” in a way that diverges from the path of colonial power.
A Proposed Model in which Solitons Exhibit Electron and Proton-like Behavior
Authors: Luke Jon C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A classical model is proposed in which two nonlinear Klein–Gordon fields interact via the electromagnetic field. Scaling is such that solitons in the two fields can be interpreted as electrons and protons, respectively. Even though the masses are very different, the magnitude of the charge of the electron-like soliton is the same as that of the proton-like soliton. Attraction and repulsion occur in the desired way through the interaction with the electromagnetic field.
Aristotle on the Metaphysics of Emotions
Authors: Gabbe Myrna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article explores the nature of Aristotelian emotions and the body-soul metaphysics required to undergird them. The point of departure is an oft-cited argument that appeals to our experience of fear and anger to show the inseparability of the soul. My claim is that this argument is commonly misunderstood: that the intended target is not a separable soul, but an embodied soul. Reinterpreted, we find that Aristotle is driven by an interest to integrate the sentient body with the intellect. And while, on this interpretation, the argument does not support a functionalist reading of Aristotle on the soul, it does suggest that Aristotle shares key intuitions with Embodied Cognition theorists and neuroscientist Antonio Damasio, in particular, who demonstrates the dependence of reason on the body.
Delivery and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and temozolomide to primary glioblastoma cells using gold nanospheres and gold nanorods
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Van Veen Henk A. , Lal Sumit , Van Noorden Cornelis J.F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNanoparticles with coating entrapping a chemotherapeutic drug for delivery have not been tested for their cytotoxic effects in in-vitro glioblastoma cell cultures to increase treatment efficacy. Therefore, we synthesized silica-coated gold nanorods and gold nanospheres that were loaded with doxorubicin or temozolomide. The morphology of the nanoparticles was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the molecular structure was characterized using infrared spectroscopy and in vitro efficacy was determined using glioblastoma cell cultures. TEM analysis showed that gold nanorods had a length of 49–65 nm and a diameter of 8.5–14 nm whereas gold nanospheres had a diameter of 9.5–37 nm. Infrared spectroscopy of doxorubicin and temozolomide and the silica coating revealed molecular fingerprints such as bending, stretching and vibrations of chemical bonds that confirmed the presence of silica coating and drug loading of the gold nanoparticles. In the biological assessment of the effects of drug-loaded gold nanoparticles on primary glioblastoma cell cultures, cytotoxicity, viability and the ratio of cyototoxicity and viability were used as parameters to analyze the effects on the cells of drug delivery via gold nanoparticles on the cells. Our data suggest that doxorubicin in the concentration range of 0.12–3.16 μM when delivered using both gold nanorods and nanospheres induced a 3.8–5.5-fold increased cytotoxicity in comparison to direct delivery. Temozolomide in the concentration range of 4.6–115 μM when delivered by either type of gold nanoparticles induced a 2–4-fold increased cytotoxicity in comparison to direct delivery. Nanospheres were more effective in delivery and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and temozolomide to glioblastoma cells than gold nanorods. Our data suggest that gold nanoparticles and in particular gold nanospheres are more effective in delivery of doxorubicin and temozolomide to primary glioblastoma cells in culture than direct delivery.
Social Entrepreneurial Ventures: On the Edge of Chaos?
Authors: Robb Colleen , Jimmy Gandhi S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes that social entrepreneurial ventures (SEVs) operate as systems of systems (SoS), a collection of complex systems working together to achieve an overall outcome in line with its mission. Previous literature shows that complexity theory is applicable to the unique structure of SEVs and the dual goals of creating economic and social value. We argue that not only are SEVs complex systems, but also operate as a SoS. As such, SEVs could greatly benefit from a general systemic risk management approach that is often applied to SoS. In order to explain our position, we consider an example of an existing SEV and apply these concepts to their operations. We also identify systemic risks in the example and show how the application of a systemic risk management approach can benefit SEVs.
Family functioning as a protective factor in treating adolescents with complex medico-psychosocial presentations
Authors: Hoffman Ronalda , Bibby Helen , Bennett David , Klineberg Emily , Rushworth Alexandra , Towns Susan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurpose:Studies of adolescents with somatic symptoms with no identified organic cause make a clear connection between the health and wellbeing of the adolescent and the functioning of the family. There has been little systematic examination of the role of family functioning in treatment. We aim to determine whether there was an association between family functioning and treatment outcome in this 12 month prospective study.Methods:Fifty adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years (M=14.4, SD=1.32) and their parents were recruited. All adolescents presented with one or more physical symptoms as their primary complaint. Adolescent functioning and family relationships were measured at recruitment, 4 months into treatment and 12 months later. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the variables of interest.Results:Results suggested significant improvements in adolescent outcomes between baseline and 4 months (all p<0.01), which were sustained to 12 months (all p<0.01). Adolescents from healthier families at initial presentation had significantly improved psychosocial functioning over the course of the study (all p<0.001).Conclusion:Our findings highlight the importance of taking a family approach to the treatment of adolescents with medically unexplained symptoms.
Preparing for Agroterror: How is the Texas Animal Health Commission Implementing Federal Food Security Regulations?
Authors: Hunter Jordan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Agroterrorism is a subform of bioterrorism with the potential to have a crippling impact on both the agricultural industry and the food supply of a nation. A calculated attack using a miniscule amount of pathogenic or disease causing substances on the livestock or crops in one rural community can spread to animals and metropolitan regions much farther away long before any response from state or federal veterinary or agricultural organizations. Although there have been no large-scale agroterrorism attacks in the United States, there have been historical precedents for agricultural biological warfare and recent examples of unintentional or accidental spread of pathogens in the food supply that have threatened the health and safety of the public. Along with an ongoing push for preparedness to prevent a biological attack on the U.S. agricultural industry, there is a great deal of uncertainty and conflict among landowners, farmers, analysts, and politicians about what methods should be implemented to safeguard the public. In response to this possible threat, the United States government has implemented legislation that it considers preemptive in its ability to safeguard the food supply and manage the public health and/or biological crime response in a widespread agroterrorist attack scenario. However, this requires cooperation on both the state and federal levels, and of several agencies including the department of Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Department of Health and Human Services. This paper examines the steps being taken by the USDA in fulfilling the orders of the federal government in response to the looming threat of agroterrorism and how the TAHC works cooperatively with federal agencies and the private agricultural industry to carry out these regulations.