bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Nonthermal Emissions of a Composite Flare Derived from NoRH and SDO Observations
Authors: Lee Jeongwoo , White Stephen M. , Jing Ju , Liu Chang , Masuda Satoshi , Chae Jongchul 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Differential emission measure (DEM) derived from the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lines of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory is used in the analysis of a solar flare observed by the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH). The target was a composite event consisting of an impulsive flare, SOL2015-06-21T01:42 (GOES class M2.0), and a gradual flare, SOL2015-06-21T02:36 (M2.6), for which separation of thermal plasma heating from nonthermal particle acceleration was of major interest. We have calculated the thermal free–free intensity maps with the AIA-derived DEM and compared them against the observed NoRH maps to attribute the difference to the nonthermal component. In this way, we were able to locate three distinct sources: the major source with thermal and nonthermal components mixed, a nonthermal source devoid of thermal particles, and a thermal source lacking microwave emission. Both the first and the second nonthermal sources produced impulsively rising 17 GHz intensities and moved away from the local magnetic polarization inversion lines in correlation with the flare radiation. In contrast, the thermal sources stay in fixed locations and show temporal variations of the temperature and emission measure uncorrelated with the flare radiation. We interpret these distinct properties as indicating that nonthermal sources are powered by magnetic reconnection and thermal sources passively receive energy from the nonthermal donor. The finding of these distinct properties between thermal and nonthermal sources demonstrates the microwave and EUV emission measure combined diagnostics.
A Survey on Trend, Opportunities and Challenges of mHealth Apps
Authors: Jusoh Shaidah 
Published: November 2017

Advancement of mobile technologies such as smartphones and PC tablets has given a great impact on healthcare systems. The mobile technology offers innovative approaches to addressing complex health concerns. Many mobile health applications (mHealth apps) are currently available on marketplaces. These apps are designed to facilitate various health issues and problems, and are intended to be used outside clinics. However, very little research has been conducted to address trend, opportunities, and challenging issues of the apps. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of mHealth. A literature survey was conducted. Major findings of this study include, smartphones will be the major platform for mHealth apps, the number of published software is much higher than published scientific research, current mHealth apps lacking in grounded based theory and evaluation, and security and usability issues are still vulnerable. The findings suggest that involvement of all healthcare stakeholders is critical to the success of mHealth apps.
The Use and Effects of Smartphones in Higher Education
Authors: Alfawareh Hejab Maazer , Jusoh Shaidah 
Published: November 2017

<p class="0abstract">The purpose of this study is to investigate the use and effects of smartphones on academic staffs at a university level, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We conducted a survey study using questionnaires. The questionnaires were randomly distributed to 66 academic staffs who own a smartphone at the Northern Border University. This study discovers the smartphone had replaced a computer, and an email application was mostly used. The academic staffs also had utilized smartphone as a means for knowledge sharing. Social media applications were greatly used in teaching and learning. Despite the benefits of smartphone use, academic staffs had been negatively affected. This study also reveals that having a smartphone diverted academic staffs' focus at work, created "check habits", and an artificial relationship; more than 90% of the respondents admitted that they put their smartphone besides their bed before sleep, and 61.41% of them claimed that they had the feelings of incompleteness whenever smartphones were not with them. </p>
Anciens entrepôts urbains de Bruxelles : architecture et construction
Authors: De Fossé Marianne 
Published: November 2017

Les anciens entrepôts urbains sont de remarquables édifices. Or, malgré leur robustesse architecturale, ils constituent aujourd’hui un fragile patrimoine menacé de démolition. Les recherches actuellement menées à la Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) s’attachent à accroître les connaissances relatives à l’architecture, au fonctionnement et à la construction des entrepôts d’Anvers, de Bruxelles et de Gand, ainsi qu’à leur intégration dans le tissu urbain, afin de favoriser leur sauvegarde et leur réutilisation respectueuse après adaptation. Le présent article expose les résultats d’un examen approfondi de documents d’archives et d’études inédites sur le terrain, portant sur des entrepôts du XIXe et du XXe siècles situés dans le centre historique de Bruxelles, là où furent implantées les premières zones industrielles aux alentours de la Senne et des quais. L’enquête réalisée sur 80 bâtiments démolis et existants s’intéresse d’abord à l’entreposage de différentes marchandises très représentées, à savoir, le foin, le bois d’œuvre, la bière et le textile. Il apparaît qu’à chacune de ces quatre marchandises correspond un type d’entrepôt distinct en termes d’architecture, d’organisation, de construction et d’intégration urbanistique.
Clinical Utility of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) Tandem-Gait Test in High School Athletes
Authors: Santo Ashley , Lynall Robert C. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Mihalik Jason P. 
Published: November 2017

Context:
Dynamic balance during functional movement may provide important clinical information after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, version 3 (SCAT3), includes a timed tandem-gait test (heel-to-toe walking) administered with a pass-fail scoring system. Minimal evidence supports inclusion of the tandem-gait test in the SCAT3, especially in high school athletes.

Objective:
To determine (1) the percentage of healthy high school athletes who passed (best trial ≤14 seconds) the tandem-gait test at baseline, (2) the association between sex and test performance (pass versus fail), and (3) the relationships among sex, age, height, and tandem-gait test score.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
High school sports medicine center.

Patients or Other Participants:
Two hundred athletes from 4 high schools (age = 15.8 ± 1.2 years, height = 170.3 ± 10.3 cm, weight = 64.8 ± 14.5 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Healthy participants completed 4 trials of the SCAT3 tandem-gait test and a demographic questionnaire. Outcome measures were passing rate at baseline on the tandem-gait test and tandem-gait test score (time).

Results:
Overall, 24.5% (49/200) of participants passed the test. Sex and performance were associated (χ2 = 15.15, P &lt; .001), with a passing rate of 38.6% (32/83) for males and 14.5% (17/117) for females. The regression model including predictor variables of sex and height, with the outcome variable of tandem-gait test score and time, was significant (R2 = 0.20, P &lt; .01).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the tandem-gait test had a high false-positive rate in high school athletes. Given that more than 75% of healthy participants failed the tandem-gait test, the 14-second cutoff appears to have limited clinical utility in the adolescent population. Functional movement deficits after concussion need to be accounted for, but the 14-second cutoff for the SCAT3 tandem-gait test does not appear to be an ideal way to assess these deficits in high school athletes.
Prevention of Knee and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Through the Use of Neuromuscular and Proprioceptive Training: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Dargo Lucas , Robinson Kelsey J. , Games Kenneth E. 
Published: November 2017

Reference/Citation:
Donnell-Fink LA, Klara K, Collins JE, et al. Effectiveness of knee injury and anterior cruciate ligament tear prevention programs: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(12)e0144063.

Clinical Question:
Is neuromuscular and proprioceptive training effective in preventing knee and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries?

Data Sources:
The authors searched CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE/EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 1996 through December 2014 and limited the results to peer-reviewed manuscripts published in English. Search terms for all databases were knee injury OR knee injuries; OR anterior cruciate ligament injury OR anterior cruciate ligament injuries; OR ACL injury OR ACL injuries; OR lower limb injury OR lower limb injuries AND prevention.

Study Selection:
Inclusion criteria were (1) English language, (2) published from 1996 through 2014, (3) the intervention used neuromuscular or proprioceptive training to prevent knee or ACL injuries, (4) human participants, (5) the incidence of knee or ACL injury was provided.

Data Extraction:
For the articles that met the inclusion criteria, 2 authors worked independently using the Jadad scale to extract the first author, year of publication, title, sport type, participant sex, participant age, country in which the study was conducted, number of participants in the control and intervention groups, intervention characteristics or components, and knee or ACL injury outcome.

Main Results:
A total of 24 studies with 1093 participants were included in this review. Intervention efficacy was determined from weighted incidence rate ratios. After the intervention of neuromuscular and proprioceptive training exercises, the incidence ratio (frequency of a disease or injury occurrence in a population over a specific time frame) was calculated at 0.731 (95% confidence interval = 0.614, 0.871) for knee injury and at 0.493 (95% confidence interval = 0.285, 0.854) for ACL injury. This indicated a link between neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs and injury reduction. No significant correlation was present between more components added to training and a greater decrease in injury to either the knee or ACL.

Conclusions:
Neuromuscular and proprioceptive training appeared to decrease the incidence of injury to the knee and specifically the ACL. However, no evidence suggested that a specific group of exercises was better than others.
Non-disclosure of HIV-positive status to a partner and mother-to-child transmission of HIV: Evidence from a case–control study conducted in a rural county in Kenya
Authors: Nyandat Joram , Van Rensburg Gisela 
Published: November 2017

Background: Many factors contribute to an enhanced risk of infant HIV acquisition, two of which may include failure of a mother to disclose her HIV-positive status to her partner and exclusion of male partners in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) interventions. To justify why HIV programmes need to integrate male partner involvement and partner disclosure, we need to establish an association between the two factors and infant HIV acquisition.Objective: To determine whether failure to disclose an HIV-positive status to a male partner is associated with increased risk of infant HIV acquisition, and whether part of the association is explained by exclusion of male partner in PMTCT programmes.Methods: Using a case–control study design, we identified a total of 180 mother–baby pairs with HIV-exposed infants. Thirty-six pairs with HIV-positive babies (cases) were compared to 144 pairs with HIV-negative babies (controls) on whether the mothers had disclosed their HIV status to their partner in order to determine whether a disclosure or lack of it contributed to increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT). Each case pair was matched to four control pairs from the same facility.Results: Overall, 16.7% of mothers had not disclosed their HIV status to their partners, the proportion being significantly more among cases (52.8% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001). Non-disclosure was significantly associated with infant HIV acquisition (aOR 9.8 (3.0–26.3); p < 0.001) and male partner involvement partially mediated the effect of non-disclosure on infant HIV acquisition (indirect coefficient = 0.17, p < 0.005).Conclusions: Failure of an HIV-positive woman to disclose her status to her male partner and exclusion of male partners in PMTCT programmes are two social factors that may curtail success of interventions towards the goal of eliminating MTCT.
Depressive scores in newly diagnosed HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women
Authors: Nydoo Puvashnee , Naicker Thajasvarie , Moodley Jagidesa 
Published: November 2017

Background: Prevalence rates of HIV infection in KwaZulu-Natal are high, with a significant amount of those infected being women of reproductive age. A diagnosis of HIV infection has been associated with an increased risk for the development of depression. Antenatal depression is a serious health concern, having the potential to cause wide-reaching adverse consequences for mother and unborn child.Aim: To compare depressive scores between newly diagnosed HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women.Setting: Antenatal clinics at two regional hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based analysis of 102 newly HIV-tested black African pregnant women (HIV infected: n = 40; HIV uninfected: n = 62) was conducted. Women’s socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded, before being assessed for depressive symptomology using an isiZulu version of the Edinburgh Depression Scale.Results: About 9.8% of women suffered from significant depressive symptoms, irrespective of HIV status. Prevalence rates of antenatal depressive symptoms did not differ significantly between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected cohorts (p = 0.79). A new diagnosis of HIV infection (p < 0.0001) and maternal age (p = 0.03) were risk factors for antenatal depression. Unemployment was a borderline risk factor (p = 0.09) for the development of antenatal depression.Conclusion: Prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were low. Knowledge of a new diagnosis of HIV infection at the first antenatal visit places women at an increased risk for the development of depression during pregnancy. Younger age and unemployment influence depression. This study provides an important step in documenting the need for screening for antenatal depression in HIV-associated pregnancies in a South African population group.
Intercomparison of stratospheric temperature profiles from a ground-based microwave radiometer with other techniques
Authors: Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Kämpfer Niklaus , Schranz Franziska , Steinbrecht Wolfgang , Haefele Alexander 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this work the stratospheric performance of a relatively new microwave temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) has been evaluated. With this goal in mind, almost 3 years of temperature measurements (January 2014–September 2016) from the TEMPERA radiometer were intercompared with simultaneous measurements from other techniques: radiosondes, MLS satellite and Rayleigh lidar. This intercomparison campaign was carried out at the aerological station of MeteoSwiss at Payerne (Switzerland). In addition, the temperature profiles from TEMPERA were used to validate the temperature outputs from the SD-WACCM model. The results showed in general a very good agreement between TEMPERA and the different instruments and the model, with a high correlation (higher than 0.9) in the temperature evolution at different altitudes between TEMPERA and the different data sets. An annual pattern was observed in the stratospheric temperature with generally higher temperatures in summer than in winter and with a higher variability during winter. A clear change in the tendency of the temperature deviations was detected in summer 2015, which was due to the repair of an attenuator in the TEMPERA spectrometer. The mean and the standard deviations of the temperature differences between TEMPERA and the different measurements were calculated for two periods (before and after the repair) in order to quantify the accuracy and precision of this radiometer over the campaign period. The results showed absolute biases and standard deviations lower than 2 K for most of the altitudes. In addition, comparisons proved the good performance of TEMPERA in measuring the temperature in the stratosphere.
Global characteristics of auroral Hall currents derived from the Swarm constellation: dependences on season and IMF orientation
Authors: Huang Tao , Lühr Hermann , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. On the basis of field-aligned currents (FACs) and Hall currents derived from high-resolution magnetic field data of the Swarm constellation, the average characteristics of these two current systems in the auroral regions are comprehensively investigated by statistical methods. This is the first study considering both current types determined simultaneously by the same spacecraft in both hemispheres. The FAC distribution, derived from the novel Swarm dual-spacecraft approach, reveals the well-known features of Region 1 (R1) and Region 2 (R2) FACs. At high latitudes, Region 0 (R0) FACs appear on the dayside. Their flow direction, up or down, depends on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component. Of particular interest is the distribution of auroral Hall currents. The prominent auroral electrojets are found to be closely controlled by the solar wind input, but we find no dependence of their intensity on the IMF By orientation. The eastward electrojet is about 1.5 times stronger in local summer than in winter. Conversely, the westward electrojet shows less dependence on season. As to higher latitudes, part of the electrojet current is closed over the polar cap. Here the seasonal variation of conductivity mainly controls the current density. During local summer of the Northern Hemisphere, there is a clear channeling of return currents over the polar cap. For positive (negative) IMF By a dominant eastward (westward) Hall current circuit is formed from the afternoon (morning) electrojet towards the dawn side (dusk side) polar cap return current. The direction of polar cap Hall currents in the noon sector depends directly on the orientation of the IMF By. This is true for both signs of the IMF Bz component. Comparable Hall current distributions can be observed in the Southern Hemisphere but for opposite IMF By signs. Around the midnight sector the westward substorm electrojet is dominating. As expected, it is highly dependent on magnetic activity, but it shows only little response to season and IMF By polarity. An important finding is that all the IMF By dependences of FACs and Hall currents practically disappear in the dark winter hemisphere.
A prática reflexiva na formação do filósofo educador
Authors: Aires Maurilio Gadelha 
Published: November 2017

Entendendo a formação enquanto um processo de amadurecimento e desenvolvimento da pessoa humana, temos diante de nós uma tarefa que permeia toda a existência do indivíduo. Mesmo em se tratando de um aspecto dessa formação, a do filósofo educador, percebemos que a mesma, embora enfatizada na graduação, não se reduz ao tempo passado na faculdade. Dizemos isso porque embora a qualificação técnica seja imprescindível em toda área de conhecimento ela não garante sozinha uma boa prática profissional. Sendo assim, trata-se de uma tentativa de lançarmos um olhar nesse processo de formação do filósofo educador, sobretudo de fazermos um recorte em um ponto que consideramos medular que é a importância de formarmos um educador reflexivo. O objetivo de tal intento seria preparar o aluno da graduação para desde já considerar a importância de refletir sobre a sua própria prática, dotando esse processo enquanto uma atitude ética. Em se tratando da formação de um futuro professor de filosofia refletir sobre o próprio universo pedagógico deverá ser considerado como um imperativo ético que irá acompanha-lo por toda a sua prática educativa, sejacomo discente ou docente.
O ensino de filosofia na atual LDB e nas Orientações Curriculares do Ensino Médio: uma tensão entre conteúdo escolar e o desenvolvimento humano
Authors: Belieri Cleder Mariano , Sforni Marta Sueli de Faria 
Published: November 2017

Para a Teoria Histórico-Cultural, a educação escolar exerce significativo papel no desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores. Com base nesse pressuposto, no presente artigo é analisada a relação entre esse papel da educação e o ensino de Filosofia no Ensino Médio. Foram tomados como objetos de análise a atual Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) e asOrientações Curriculares do Ensino Médio (OCNs) com o objetivo de verificar se o ensino dos conteúdos dessa área de conhecimento, tal como proposto nesses documentos, pode ser promotor do desenvolvimento psíquico dos estudantes. A análise revelou que o ensino da Filosofia está vinculado a temas transversalmente ligado à ética, valores e atitudes cidadãs. Ao ser priorizado oensino de valores morais, o trabalho com os conceitos produzidos e sistematizados pela humanidade no decorrer da história da Filosofia é secundarizado. Assim, as orientações oficiais, apesar de enfatizarem a formação da capacidade de análise e crítica dos estudantes não conduzem a uma prática que garanta essa formação. Já que isso somente seria possível se os conceitos dessa área do conhecimento fossem priorizados e trabalhados de modo a proporcionar aos alunos os instrumentos simbólicos necessários ao exercício de análise e crítica. Uma pratica pedagógica voltada para a apropriação desses instrumentos é o que possibilitaria ao ensino de Filosofia ser promotor do desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores dos estudantes.
Uma experiência metodológica de estudos no ensino de filosofia no ensino médio
Authors: De Araújo David Velanes , Costa Angela Maria 
Published: November 2017

Este estudo teve o objetivo de socializar a experiência metodológica de um grupo de estudos filosóficos sobre a condição humana em uma escola pública de Belo Horizonte-MG. Nas reuniões, foi adotado o método dialógico, que é o método socrático por excelência, o que melhor se adequa para o ensino de filosofia, visto que é pelo diálogo que se problematiza, se gera reflexão e construção de conceitos sobre a realidade humana. Apesar de várias dificuldades encontradas, constatou-se o engajamento do pensamento crítico e conscientização dos educandos sobre a condição humana. O melhor resultado alcançando nesta experiência foi o de que o estudante da educação básica pode reconhecer que os obstáculos na vida são aspectos da condição humana e que precisam ser superados com determinação.
Reflexões sobre o conceito de felicidade mediadas pelo método cartesiano.
Authors: Valese Rui 
Published: November 2017

Este texto relata a experiência do docente com alunos do 2º ano do ensino médio na aula de Filosofia com o objetivo de refletir sobre o conceito de felicidade a partir do método cartesiano. A questão norteadora para a atividade foi: O McLanche produz felicidade? Para tanto, o processo utilizado foi empírico e teórico, em um contexto inter e transdiciplinar, pois contou com a colaboração dos professores de Química e Biologia.