bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between native and exotic plant species at multiple savannah sites
Authors: Masocha Mhosisi , Dube Timothy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe tested whether the recently proposed two‐part measure of degree of invasion (DI) of a community relating exotic proportion of cover to exotic proportion of richness can characterize patterns of plant invasions at multiple savannah sites in Southern Africa. Regression analysis was performed on transformed data to assess how this two‐part measure of DI compares to other metrics of community invasibility. The results indicate that at the plot level, the absolute cover of exotics was not significantly related to native cover for three sites out of four assessed (R2 ≤ 0.17; P > 0.05). Also, at all four sites, no significant relationships were detected between native and exotic plant richness at both the 1‐m2 and 400‐m2 plot scales. By contrast, significant (P < 0.05) positive linear relationships were observed between exotic proportion of richness and exotic proportion of cover at all sites (R2 was as high as 0.67 and 0.97 for two sites). Our results indicate that the new two‐part measure of DI is able to characterize patterns of plant invasions across plant communities in African savannahs.
A possible role of stem cells in nasal polyposis
Authors: Klimek L. , Koennecke M. , Mullol J. , Hellings P. W. , Wang D.Y. , Fokkens W. , Gevaert P. , Wollenberg B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSince its discovery, the understanding of stem/progenitor cells raised dramatically in the last decade. Their regenerative potential is important to develop new therapeutic applications, but the identification advanced much faster than our understanding of stem/progenitor cells. In nasal polyposis, little is known about stem cells/progenitor cells and their ability. However, the further characterization of stem cells/progenitor cells may provide new treatment options for combating nasal polyposis. This review highlights the knowledge of the current literature about stem cells/progenitor cells in nasal polyposis and how this may be exploited in the development of novel treatment strategies.
Mechanisms of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in athletes: Current perspectives and future challenges
Authors: Couto M. , Kurowski M. , Moreira A. , Bullens D. M. A. , Carlsen K.‐H. , Delgado L. , Kowalski M. L. , Seys S. F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe evidence of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) without asthma (EIBwA) occurring in athletes led to speculate about different endotypes inducing respiratory symptoms within athletes. Classical postulated mechanisms for bronchial obstruction in this population include the osmotic and the thermal hypotheses. More recently, the presence of epithelial injury and inflammation in the airways of athletes was demonstrated. In addition, neuronal activation has been suggested as a potential modulator of bronchoconstriction. Investigation of these emerging mechanisms is of major importance as EIB is a significant problem for both recreational and competitive athletes and is the most common chronic condition among Olympic athletes, with obvious implications for their competing performance, health and quality of life. Hereby, we summarize the latest achievements in this area and identify the current gaps of knowledge so that future research heads toward better defining the etiologic factors and mechanisms involved in development of EIB in elite athletes as well as essential aspects to ultimately propose preventive and therapeutic measures.
Reproductive hormones and metabolic syndrome in 24 testicular cancer survivors and their biological brothers
Authors: Bandak M. , Jørgensen N. , Juul A. , Lauritsen J. , Kier M. G. G. , Mortensen M. S. , Oturai P. S. , Mortensen J. , Hojman P. , Helge J. W. , Daugaard G. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryTesticular cancer survivors have impaired gonadal function and increased risk of metabolic syndrome when compared to healthy controls. However, because of the fetal etiology of testicular cancer, familial unrelated healthy men might not be an optimal control group. The objective of this study was to clarify if testicular cancer survivors have impaired gonadal function and increased risk of metabolic syndrome when compared to their biological brothers. A cross‐sectional study of testicular cancer survivors (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02240966) was conducted between 2014 and 2016. Of 158 testicular cancer survivors included, 24 had a biological brother who accepted to participate in the study. Serum levels of reproductive hormones and prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation Criteria and National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria comprised the main outcome measures of the study. Median age was similar in testicular cancer survivors and their biological brothers [44 years (IQR 39–50) vs. 46 (40–53) years respectively (p = 0.1)]. In testicular cancer survivors, follow‐up since treatment was 12 years (7–19). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone were elevated (p ≤ 0.001), while total testosterone, free testosterone, inhibin B and anti‐Müllerian hormone were lower (p ≤ 0.001) in testicular cancer survivors than in their biological brothers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar and apart from HDL‐cholesterol, which was lower in testicular cancer survivors (p = 0.01); there were no differences in the individual components of the metabolic syndrome between testicular cancer survivors and their brothers. In conclusion, gonadal function was impaired in testicular cancer survivors, while we did not detect any difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between testicular cancer survivors and their biological brothers.
Endothelial alterations in 712 keratoconus patients
Authors: Goebels Susanne , Eppig Timo , Seitz Berthold , Szentmàry Nòra , Cayless Alan , Langenbucher Achim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of the severity of keratoconus on the corneal endothelium using specular microscopy.MethodsSeven hundred and twelve eyes from the Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC) database were included in this retrospective study. Corneal endothelium was evaluated using the Tomey EM‐3000 specular microscope. Keratoconus‐related topographic and tomographic data were obtained from Scheimpflug‐based tomography (Oculus Pentacam® HR). Eyes were classified into stages 0 (healthy) to 4 (severe keratoconus) according to the Topographic Keratoconus Classification (TKC). Subgroups were analysed based on contact lens (CL) type (none/rigid/soft).ResultsThe frequencies of keratoconus stages 0/1/2/3/4 according to TKC were 169/94/206/166/77. The endothelial cell density (ECD) for the endothelial cell area for TKC 0/1/2/3/4 was 2611/2624/2557/2487/2401 cells per mm² and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 40.9/40.0/41.6/46.2/49.0%, respectively. The more severe the keratoconus stage, the lower the endothelial cell count (p < 0.001) and the higher the CV (p < 0.001). No contact lens wearing was noted in 207 eyes (NoCL), rigid CL in 200 (RCL) and soft CL in 54 (SCL). CD for NoCL/RCL/SCL was 2523/2533/2644 per mm² and CV was 41.8/54.1/43.1%, respectively. A significant difference in CV was found between NoCL and RCL (p = 0.02), and no significant difference in CV was found between NoCL and SCL (p = 0.07). Endothelial cell density (ECD) did not differ significantly between NoCL and RCL or SCL.ConclusionEndothelial cell density (ECD) decreases and CV increases significantly with increasing tomographic severity of keratoconus. In patients with RCL compared to eyes without CL wear, we found a statistically significantly higher CV in the endothelial cell size.
Showcasing the sovereignty of non‐self‐governing islands: New Caledonia
Authors: Prinsen Gerard , Lafoy Yves , Migozzi Julien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSince 1983, no non‐self‐governing island connected to a (neo‐) colonial European or American metropole has acquired full Westphalian sovereignty and these islands continue to operate within constitutional frameworks that connect them to these metropoles. Large majorities in referendums on several of these islands have rejected full sovereignty. This paper opens with a review of the essential elements of the concept of sovereignty in a historical and global context, before studying how sovereignty is unfolding in new forms in non‐self‐governing islands in the Pacific and the Caribbean. As a case study, an analysis is presented of how pro‐France (loyaliste) and pro‐independence (indépendantiste) parties in New Caledonia are negotiating sovereignty with France. Evidence is given of how these New Caledonian parties are creatively using classic Westphalian signifiers of sovereignty normally reserved for sovereign states such as flags, diplomatic representations and international treaties, while still negotiating New Caledonia's sovereignty with France. This suggests that in contrast to Westphalian sovereignty, a unique ‘Islandian’ concept of sovereignty is emerging. Islands that are not sovereign in a Westphalian sense can creatively disassemble and reassemble signifiers of Westphalian sovereignty to strengthen their continuous negotiations with their metropoles and their neighbours.
Vascular plant species richness and composition in two types of post‐cultivation tropical secondary forest
Authors: Neo Louise , Yee Alex T.K. , Chong Kwek Yan , Kee Carmen Y. , Tan Hugh T.W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractQuestionHow are plant communities in forests regenerating on post‐cultivation land structured along environmental gradients, landscape context and past land use? We investigated this for two types of post‐agricultural fates: plantations abandoned with trees intact (abandoned land forest) versus land that was cleared and left to regenerate into a forest (waste woodland).LocationThe tropical city‐state of Singapore, Southeast Asia.MethodsFive 20 m × 20 m plots were surveyed for vascular plants in each of 11 patches of abandoned land forest and nine patches of waste woodland. For each plot, we estimated soil nutrient levels (N, K, P), canopy cover, leaf litter depth, distance to old‐growth forest and the size of the forest patch.ResultsFor both forest types, increasing leaf litter and distance to old‐growth forest is associated with lower species richness. Increasing soil N in abandoned land forest and increasing soil K in waste woodland is associated with lower total and native species richness, but not exotic species richness. Overall community composition is correlated with leaf litter, canopy cover, soil P and K and distance to old‐growth forest.ConclusionsDifferent forms of land abandonment resulted in different successional trajectories that led to separate sets of environmental drivers of community patterns. Restoring such degraded forms of vegetation to native‐rich communities may require management of soil nutrient levels and enrichment planting.
How restudy decisions affect overall comprehension for seventh‐grade students
Authors: Thiede Keith W. , Redford Joshua S. , Wiley Jennifer , Griffin Thomas D. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSelf‐regulated learning requires accurate monitoring and effective regulation of study. Little is known about how effectively younger readers regulate their study.AimsWe examined how decisions about which text to restudy affect overall comprehension for seventh‐grade students. In addition to a Participant's Choice condition where students were allowed to pick texts for restudy on their own, we compared learning gains in two other conditions in which texts were selected for them. The Test‐Based Restudy condition determined text selection using initial test performance – presenting the text with the lowest initial test performance for restudy, thereby circumventing potential problems associated with inaccurate monitoring and ineffective regulation. The Judgement‐Based Restudy condition determined text selection using metacognitive judgements of comprehension – presenting the text with the lowest judgement of comprehension, thereby circumventing potential problems associated with ineffective regulation.SampleFour hundred and eighty seventh‐grade students participated.MethodStudents were randomly assigned to conditions in an experimental design.Results and conclusionsGains in comprehension following restudy were larger for the Test‐Based Restudy condition than for the Judgement‐Based Restudy condition or the Participant's Choice condition. No differences in comprehension were seen between the Judgement‐Based Restudy and Participant's Choice conditions. These results suggest seventh graders can systematically use their monitoring to make decisions about what to restudy. However, the results highlight how inaccurate monitoring is one reason why younger students fail to benefit from self‐regulated study opportunities.
Exposure to Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin affects integrin‐mediated adhesion and mechanics in alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Angely Christelle , Nguyen Ngoc‐Minh , Andre Dias Sofia , Planus Emmanuelle , Pelle Gabriel , Louis Bruno , Filoche Marcel , Chenal Alexandre , Ladant Daniel , Isabey Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Background InformationThe adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxin is a major virulent factor of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA toxin is able to invade eukaryotic cells where it produces high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) affecting cellular physiology. Whether CyaA toxin can modulate cell matrix adhesion and mechanics of infected cells remains largely unknown.ResultsIn this study, we use a recently proposed multiple bond force spectroscopy (MFS) with an atomic force microscope to assess the early phase of cell adhesion (maximal detachment and local rupture forces) and cell rigidity (Young's modulus) in alveolar epithelial cells (A549) for toxin exposure <1 h. At 30 min of exposure, CyaA toxin has a minimal effect on cell viability (>95%) at CyaA concentration of 0.5 nM, but a significant effect (≈81%) at 10 nM. MFS performed on A549 for three different concentrations (0.5, 5 and 10 nM) demonstrates that CyaA toxin significantly affects both cell adhesion (detachment forces are decreased) and cell mechanics (Young's modulus is increased). CyaA toxin (at 0.5 nM) assessed at three indentation/retraction speeds (2, 5 and 10 μm/s) significantly affects global detachment forces, local rupture events and Young modulus compared with control conditions, while an enzymatically inactive variant CyaAE5 has no effect. These results reveal the loading rate dependence of the multiple bonds newly formed between the cell and integrin‐specific coated probe as well as the individual bond kinetics which are only slightly affected by the patho‐physiological dose of CyaA toxin. Finally, theory of multiple bond force rupture enables us to deduce the bond number N which is reduced by a factor of 2 upon CyaA exposure (N ≈ 6 versus N ≈ 12 in control conditions).ConclusionsMFS measurements demonstrate that adhesion and mechanical properties of A549 are deeply affected by exposure to the CyaA toxin but not to an enzymatically inactive variant. This indicates that the alteration of cell mechanics triggered by CyaA is a consequence of the increase in intracellular cAMP in these target cells.SignificanceThese results suggest that mechanical and adhesion properties of the cells appear as pertinent markers of cytotoxicity of CyaA toxin.
Rational design of peptide derivatives for inhibition of MyD88‐mediated toll‐like receptor signaling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and epithelial cells exposed to Francisella tularensis
Authors: Ryan Daniel A. , Degardin Melissa , Alam Shahabuddin , Kissner Teri L. , Hale Martha , Cameron Michael D. , Rebek Mitra , Ajami Dariush , Saikh Kamal U. , Rebek Julius 
Published: June 2017

Small molecules were developed to attenuate proinflammatory cytokines resulting from activation of MyD88‐mediated toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling by Francisella tularensis. Fifty‐three tripeptide derivatives were synthesized to mimic a key BB‐loop region involved in toll‐like/interleukin‐1 receptor recognition (TIR) domain interactions. Compounds were tested for inhibition of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and IL‐1β in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and primary human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to LPS extracts from F. tularensis. From 53 compounds synthesized and tested, ten compounds were identified as effective inhibitors of F. tularensisLPS‐induced cytokines. Compound stability testing in the presence of human liver microsomes and human serum resulted in the identification of tripeptide derivative 7 that was a potent, stable, and drug‐like small molecule. Target corroboration using a cell‐based reporter assay and competition experiments with MyD88 TIR domain protein supported that the effect of 7 was through MyD88 TIR domain interactions. Compound 7 also attenuated proinflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchial epithelial cells challenged with a live vaccine strain of F. tularensis at a multiplicity of infection of 1:5. Small molecules that target TIR domain interactions in MyD88‐dependent TLR signaling represent a promising strategy toward host‐directed adjunctive therapeutics for inflammation associated with biothreat agent‐induced sepsis.
The Impact of Parenting on Emotion Regulation During Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Morris Amanda S. , Criss Michael M. , Silk Jennifer S. , Houltberg Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRegulating emotions well is critical for promoting social and emotional health among children and adolescents. Parents play a prominent role in how children develop emotion regulation. In 2007, Morris et al. proposed a tripartite model suggesting that parents influence children's emotion regulation through three mechanisms: children's observation of parents' emotion regulation, emotion‐related parenting practices, and the emotional climate of the family. Over the past decade, we have conducted many studies that support this model, which we summarize here along with other research related to parenting and emotion regulation. We also discuss recent research on the effects of parenting on the neural circuitry involved in emotion regulation and highlight potential directions for research. Finally, we suggest how this research can aid prevention and intervention efforts to help families.
The Effectiveness of a Large‐Scale Language and Preliteracy Intervention: The SPELL Randomized Controlled Trial in Denmark
Authors: Bleses Dorthe , Højen Anders , Justice Laura M. , Dale Philip S. , Dybdal Line , Piasta Shayne B. , Markussen‐Brown Justin , Clausen Marit , Haghish E. F. 
Published: June 2017

The present article reports results of a real‐world effectiveness trial conducted in Denmark with six thousand four hundred eighty‐three 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds designed to improve children's language and preliteracy skills. Children in 144 child cares were assigned to a control condition or one of three planned variations of a 20‐week storybook‐based intervention: a base intervention and two enhanced versions featuring extended professional development for educators or a home‐based program for parents. Pre‐ to posttest comparisons revealed a significant impact of all three interventions for preliteracy skills (= .21–.27) but not language skills (d = .04–.16), with little differentiation among the three variations. Fidelity, indexed by number of lessons delivered, was a significant predictor of most outcomes. Implications for real‐world research and practice are considered.
Nutritional role of folate
Authors: Ebara Shuhei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFolate functions as a coenzyme to transfer one‐carbon units that are necessary for deoxythymidylate synthesis, purine synthesis, and various methylation reactions. Ingested folate becomes a functional molecule through intestinal absorption, circulation, transport to cells, and various modifications to its structure. Associations between nutritional folate status and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction have been reported. It has also been reported that maternal folate nutritional status is related to the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the offspring. It has also been recommended that folate be consumed in the diet to promote the maintenance of good health. To reduce the risk of NTDs, supplementation with folic acid (a synthetic form of folate) during the periconceptional period has also been recommended. This paper describes the basic features and nutritional role of folate.
The State of the Art in Sentiment Visualization
Authors: Kucher Kostiantyn , Paradis Carita , Kerren Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVisualization of sentiments and opinions extracted from or annotated in texts has become a prominent topic of research over the last decade. From basic pie and bar charts used to illustrate customer reviews to extensive visual analytics systems involving novel representations, sentiment visualization techniques have evolved to deal with complex multidimensional data sets, including temporal, relational and geospatial aspects. This contribution presents a survey of sentiment visualization techniques based on a detailed categorization. We describe the background of sentiment analysis, introduce a categorization for sentiment visualization techniques that includes 7 groups with 35 categories in total, and discuss 132 techniques from peer‐reviewed publications together with an interactive web‐based survey browser. Finally, we discuss insights and opportunities for further research in sentiment visualization. We expect this survey to be useful for visualization researchers whose interests include sentiment or other aspects of text data as well as researchers and practitioners from other disciplines in search of efficient visualization techniques applicable to their tasks and data.