bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Authors: McMahon J. M. 
Published: July 2016

Before assessing future developments of agricultural aircraft, it is interesting to study the trends of the industry over the past five years.In England, after a promising start, which it is now apparent was occasioned by a heavier-than-normal attack of pest and disease, it soon became evident that large scale operations could not be undertaken profitably due to low fleet utilisation and numerous operational problems which arose from the use of existing fixed-wing aircraft. The major operational problems which hampered large scale operations were shortage of acceptable landing strips, small fields and a high incidence of obstacles.
An Evaluation of a light Autogyro for the Aerial Treatment of Crops
Authors: Greenly K. H. 
Published: July 2016

In spite of the efforts by the Aircraft Industry in Europe and North America to meet the demands of agricultural aviation, there is still a need for an efficient, simple and safe range of aircraft for the treatment of crops.When the ideal aircraft is produced to meet the needs of the small-field farmers, what form will it take–fixed-wing, helicopter, autogyro or unmanned robot?
A Simple Means of Measuring Vortex Strength, and the Performance of Triangular Ramp-Type Vortex Generators in a Uniform Velocity Field
Authors: McEwan A. D. , Joubert P. N. 
Published: July 2016

The performance of triangular ramp vortex generators of a type used for boundary layer separation control, has been compared with that of equivalent wing or vane type of lifting generators, in a uniform velocity field, and was shown to be substantially inferior. Performance was established using a novel vortex strength measuring device of unusual simplicity, for which calibrations are given and applications are discussed.The usefulness of vortex generators in avoiding boundary layer separation due to an adverse pressure gradient has been established. Little, however, is known of the nature of vortex modified boundary layers. As part of an investigation into convective heat transfer through such layers it was desired to compare the circulation-drag performance of two representative generator configuration types, these being the popularly used stub wing or vane type, and the edge separation, plough or wedge type.
Recommendations for myeloid-derived suppressor cell nomenclature and characterization standards
Authors: Bronte Vincenzo , Brandau Sven , Chen Shu-Hsia , Colombo Mario P. , Frey Alan B. , Greten Tim F. , Mandruzzato Susanna , Murray Peter J. , Ochoa Augusto , Ostrand-Rosenberg Suzanne , Rodriguez Paulo C. , Sica Antonio , Umansky Viktor , Vonderheide Robert H. , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as major regulators of immune responses in cancer and other pathological conditions. In recent years, ample evidence supports key contributions of MDSC to tumour progression through both immune-mediated mechanisms and those not directly associated with immune suppression. MDSC are the subject of intensive research with >500 papers published in 2015 alone. However, the phenotypic, morphological and functional heterogeneity of these cells generates confusion in investigation and analysis of their roles in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this communication is to suggest characterization standards in the burgeoning field of MDSC research.
Enhancement of Low-field Magnetoresistance in Self-Assembled Epitaxial La0.67Ca0.33MnO3:NiO and La0.67Ca0.33MnO3:Co3O4 Composite Films via Polymer-Assisted Deposition
Authors: Zhou Meng , Li Yuling , Jeon Il , Yi Qinghua , Zhu Xuebin , Tang Xianwu , Wang Haiyan , Fei Ling , Sun Yuping , Deng Shuguang , Matsuo Yutaka , Luo Hongmei , Zou Guifu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPolymer-assisted deposition method has been used to fabricate self-assembled epitaxial La0.67Ca0.33MnO3:NiO and La0.67Ca0.33MnO3:Co3O4 films on LaAlO3 substrates. Compared to pulsed-laser deposition method, polymer-assisted deposition provides a simpler and lower-cost approach to self-assembled composite films with enhanced low-field magnetoresistance effect. After the addition of NiO or Co3O4, triangular NiO and tetrahedral Co3O4 nanoparticles remain on the surface of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films. This results in a dramatic increase in resistivity of the films from 0.0061 Ω•cm to 0.59 Ω•cm and 1.07 Ω•cm, and a decrease in metal-insulator transition temperature from 270 K to 180 K and 172 K by the addition of 10%-NiO and 10%-Co3O4, respectively. Accordingly, the maximum absolute magnetoresistance value is improved from −44.6% to −59.1% and −52.7% by the addition of 10%-NiO and 10%-Co3O4, respectively. The enhanced low-field magnetoresistance property is ascribed to the introduced insulating phase at the grain boundaries. The magnetism is found to be more suppressed for the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3:Co3O4 composite films than the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3:NiO films, which can be attributed to the antiferromagnetic properties of the Co3O4 phase. The solution-processed composite films show enhanced low-field magnetoresistance effect which are crucial in practical applications. We expect our polymer-assisted deposited films paving the pathway in the field of hole-doped perovskites with their intrinsic colossal magnetoresistance.
Relative roles of land- and ocean-atmosphere interactions in Asian-Pacific thermal contrast variability at the precessional band
Authors: Wang Yue , Jian ZhiMin , Zhao Ping , Xiao Dong , Chen JunMing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn a 250-kyr transient simulation of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), we identified a precessional forced seesaw of the summer middle-upper tropospheric eddy temperature between Asia and the North Pacific as the paleo-APO (Asian-Pacific oscillation). The paleo-APO variability is out of phase with the precession parameter. Corresponding to a positive paleo-APO phase, both the subtropical anticyclonic circulation over the North Pacific and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) strengthen. Summer anomalous sea surface temperature shows a western cold-eastern warm pattern over the extratropical North Pacific and a zonal positive-negative-positive pattern over the tropical Pacific. The variations in the simulated paleo-APO and East Asian southerly wind at the precessional band agree well with the geological proxies at the Dongge, Sanbao, Linzhu and Hulu caves in China, which also implies that these proxies may well reflect the variability in the southerly wind over East Asia. Sensitivity experiments further reveal that the reduced precession parameter may enhance the positive paleo-APO phase and the associated EASM because of the response of the land-atmosphere interactions to the precessional insolation changes. The effect of the ocean-atmosphere interactions on the paleo-APO is secondary.
Cyclic di-GMP contributes to adaption and virulence of Bacillus thuringiensis through a riboswitch-regulated collagen adhesion protein
Authors: Tang Qing , Yin Kang , Qian Hongliang , Zhao Youwen , Wang Wen , Chou Shan-Ho , Fu Yang , He Jin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCyclic di-GMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates diverse cellular processes in bacteria by binding to various protein or riboswitch effectors. In Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171, a c-di-GMP riboswitch termed Bc2 RNA resides in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of an mRNA that encodes a collagen adhesion protein (Cap). The expression of cap was strongly repressed in parent strain BMB171 because of the presence of Bc2 RNA but was significantly promoted in the Bc2 RNA markerless deletion mutant. Bc2 RNA acts as a genetic “on” switch, which forms an anti-terminator structure to promote cap read-through transcription upon c-di-GMP binding. As a result, cap transcription was de-repressed under high c-di-GMP levels. Therefore, Bc2 RNA regulates cap expression using a repression/de-repression model. Bc2 RNA-regulated Cap was also found to be tightly associated with motility, aggregation, exopolysaccharide secretion, biofilm formation, and virulence of B. thuringiensis BMB171 against its host insect Helicoverpa armigera.
Curcumin ameliorates neuropathic pain by down-regulating spinal IL-1β via suppressing astroglial NALP1 inflammasome and JAK2-STAT3 signalling
Authors: Liu Shenbin , Li Qian , Zhang Meng-Ting , Mao-Ying Qi-Liang , Hu Lang-Yue , Wu Gen-Cheng , Mi Wen-Li , Wang Yan-Qing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurcumin has been shown to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity in many diseases. It has been demonstrated that the janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) cascade and the NAcht leucine-rich-repeat protein 1 (NALP1) inflammasome are important for the synthesis of Pro-Interleukin (IL)-1β and the processing of the inactive protein to its mature form, which plays an active role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The present study showed that repeated intraperitoneal injection of curcumin ameliorated SNI-induced mechanical and cold allodynia in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the elevation of spinal mature IL-1β protein levels. Additionally, repeated curcumin treatment significantly inhibited the aggregation of the NALP1 inflammasome and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 cascade in spinal astrocytes. Furthermore, the genetic down-regulation of NALP1 inflammasome activation by NALP1 siRNA and the pharmacological inhibition of the JAK2-STAT3 cascade by AG490 markedly inhibited IL-1β maturation and Pro-IL-1β synthesis, respectively and reduced SNI-induced pain hypersensitivity. Our results suggest that curcumin attenuated neuropathic pain and down-regulated the production of spinal mature IL-1β by inhibiting the aggregation of NALP1 inflammasome and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 cascade in astrocytes.
Neandertal cannibalism and Neandertal bones used as tools in Northern Europe
Authors: Rougier Hélène , Crevecoeur Isabelle , Beauval Cédric , Posth Cosimo , Flas Damien , Wißing Christoph , Furtwängler Anja , Germonpré Mietje , Gómez-Olivencia Asier , Semal Patrick , van der Plicht Johannes , Bocherens Hervé , Krause Johannes 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlmost 150 years after the first identification of Neandertal skeletal material, the cognitive and symbolic abilities of these populations remain a subject of intense debate. We present 99 new Neandertal remains from the Troisième caverne of Goyet (Belgium) dated to 40,500–45,500 calBP. The remains were identified through a multidisciplinary study that combines morphometrics, taphonomy, stable isotopes, radiocarbon dating and genetic analyses. The Goyet Neandertal bones show distinctive anthropogenic modifications, which provides clear evidence for butchery activities as well as four bones having been used for retouching stone tools. In addition to being the first site to have yielded multiple Neandertal bones used as retouchers, Goyet not only provides the first unambiguous evidence of Neandertal cannibalism in Northern Europe, but also highlights considerable diversity in mortuary behaviour among the region’s late Neandertal population in the period immediately preceding their disappearance.
Role of agonistic autoantibodies against type-1 angiotensin II receptor in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Yuxian , Wang Xiaofang , Zheng Yanqian , Jin Zhu , Zhi Jianming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo investigate the mechanism underlying AT1-AA-induced retinopathy in severe preeclampsia by measuring the positive rate and titer of AT1-AA in plasma from women with severe preeclampsia and normal pregnant women to see whether AT1-AA titer was correlated with the grade of retinopathy. A preeclampsia rat model was also established by intravenous injection of AT1-AA extracted from the plasma of patient suffering from severe preeclampsia. The results showed that the plasma titer and positive rate of AT1-AA were significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia than normal pregnant women. The antibody titer in cases of severe preeclampsia was associated with the grade of retinopathy, and positively correlated with the level of TNF-α and VEGF. The animal experiment results showed that the modeled rats presented symptoms very similar to symptoms of human preeclampsia, including retinopathy. Ocular fundus examination showed retinal microvascular abnormalities, hemorrhaging and leakage in the severe preeclampsia. Morphological changes included edema, thickening of the INL and ONL, and pigment atrophy. TNF-α and VEGF levels were increased in the vitreous humor and retina of the model rats. Our studies results suggest that abnormal expression of AT1-AA could induce damage to retinal capillary endothelial cells and increase vascular permeability, resulting in retinopathy.
Elevated monocyte phosphorylated p38 in nearby employees after a chemical explosion
Authors: Sulen André , Lygre Stein H. L. , Hjelle Sigrun M. , Hollund Bjørg E. , Gjertsen Bjørn T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPersonalised health surveillance is infrequent or absent in occupational and environmental medicine. The shortage of functional tests in relevant cells and tissues greatly limits our understanding of environmental exposures and associated disease risk. We evaluated single cell signalling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 301 individuals in a cross sectional health survey 18 months after a chemical explosion of sulphorous coker gasoline. The accident created a malodourous environment leading to long-term health complaints. Multiple regression analysis revealed T-cell specific elevated phosphorylation of the stress kinase p-p38 (T180/Y182) among tobacco smokers and monocyte-specific elevated phosphorylation in employees at the explosion site. Other studies of the accident reported reduced tear film stability, and more airway obstruction and subjective health complaints among the employees at the accident site. Elevated monocyte p-p38 in the employee group was independent of such health effects, and could therefore be dependent on the sulphuric malodorous environment. The present study proposes signalling status in leukocytes as a scalable biomarker providing information about environmental exposures.
Microbial biotransformation of DON: molecular basis for reduced toxicity
Authors: Pierron Alix , Mimoun Sabria , Murate Leticia S. , Loiseau Nicolas , Lippi Yannick , Bracarense Ana-Paula F. L. , Schatzmayr Gerd , He Jian Wei , Zhou Ting , Moll Wulf-Dieter , Oswald Isabelle P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBacteria are able to de-epoxidize or epimerize deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin, to deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (deepoxy-DON or DOM-1) or 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), respectively. Using different approaches, the intestinal toxicity of 3 molecules was compared and the molecular basis for the reduced toxicity investigated. In human intestinal epithelial cells, deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON were not cytotoxic, did not change the oxygen consumption or impair the barrier function. In intestinal explants, exposure for 4 hours to 10 μM DON induced intestinal lesions not seen in explants treated with deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON. A pan-genomic transcriptomic analysis was performed on intestinal explants. 747 probes, representing 323 genes, were differentially expressed, between DON-treated and control explants. By contrast, no differentially expressed genes were observed between control, deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON treated explants. Both DON and its biotransformation products were able to fit into the pockets of the A-site of the ribosome peptidyl transferase center. DON forms three hydrogen bonds with the A site and activates MAPKinases (mitogen-activated protein kinases). By contrast deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON only form two hydrogen bonds and do not activate MAPKinases. Our data demonstrate that bacterial de-epoxidation or epimerization of DON altered their interaction with the ribosome, leading to an absence of MAPKinase activation and a reduced toxicity.
How vision and self-motion combine or compete during path reproduction changes with age
Authors: Petrini Karin , Caradonna Andrea , Foster Celia , Burgess Neil , Nardini Marko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHuman adults can optimally integrate visual and non-visual self-motion cues when navigating, while children up to 8 years old cannot. Whether older children can is unknown, limiting our understanding of how our internal multisensory representation of space develops. Eighteen adults and fifteen 10- to 11-year-old children were guided along a two-legged path in darkness (self-motion only), in a virtual room (visual + self-motion), or were shown a pre-recorded walk in the virtual room while standing still (visual only). Participants then reproduced the path in darkness. We obtained a measure of the dispersion of the end-points (variable error) and of their distances from the correct end point (constant error). Only children reduced their variable error when recalling the path in the visual + self-motion condition, indicating combination of these cues. Adults showed a constant error for the combined condition intermediate to those for single cues, indicative of cue competition, which may explain the lack of near-optimal integration in this group. This suggests that later in childhood humans can gain from optimally integrating spatial cues even when in the same situation these are kept separate in adulthood.
High Level of Anaphylatoxin C5a Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xi Wei , Liu Li , Wang Jiajun , Xia Yu , Bai Qi , Long Qilai , Wang Yiwei , Xu Jiejie , Guo Jianming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnaphylatoxin C5a, a potent pro-inflammatory peptide produced in the process of complement activation, was proved to have a vital role in tumor initiation and progession by previous investigations. However whether it could act as a prognostic marker remains unknown. Here we retrospectively enrolled 272 ccRCC patients undergoing nephrectomy in Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai between 2005 and 2007. C5a level was assessed by immunohistochemistry and its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis were evaluated. Our results indicated that high tumoral C5a level was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio = 1.753, 95% CI 1.068–2.878, P = 0.026). In addition, tumoral C5a could significantly stratify patients’ prognosis both in advanced stage (TNM III + IV) and intermediate/high risk group (SSIGN score ≥4) (P < 0.001 and = 0.008, respectively). Furthermore, incorporating tumoral C5a with other parameters could improve the predicting accuracy, compared with TNM and SSIGN system (c-index = 0.789, 0.713 and 0.727, respectively). In conclusion, tumoral C5a is an independent adverse prognostic biomarker for clinical outcome of ccRCC patients after nephectomy.
Modelling survival: exposure pattern, species sensitivity and uncertainty
Authors: Ashauer Roman , Albert Carlo , Augustine Starrlight , Cedergreen Nina , Charles Sandrine , Ducrot Virginie , Focks Andreas , Gabsi Faten , Gergs André , Goussen Benoit , Jager Tjalling , Kramer Nynke I. , Nyman Anna-Maija , Poulsen Veronique , Reichenberger Stefan , Schäfer Ralf B. , Van den Brink Paul J. , Veltman Karin , Vogel Sören , Zimmer Elke I. , Preuss Thomas G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS) integrates previously published toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models and estimates survival with explicitly defined assumptions. Importantly, GUTS accounts for time-variable exposure to the stressor. We performed three studies to test the ability of GUTS to predict survival of aquatic organisms across different pesticide exposure patterns, time scales and species. Firstly, using synthetic data, we identified experimental data requirements which allow for the estimation of all parameters of the GUTS proper model. Secondly, we assessed how well GUTS, calibrated with short-term survival data ofGammarus pulexexposed to four pesticides, can forecast effects of longer-term pulsed exposures. Thirdly, we tested the ability of GUTS to estimate 14-day median effect concentrations of malathion for a range of species and use these estimates to build species sensitivity distributions for different exposure patterns. We find that GUTS adequately predicts survival across exposure patterns that vary over time. When toxicity is assessed for time-variable concentrations species may differ in their responses depending on the exposure profile. This can result in different species sensitivity rankings and safe levels. The interplay of exposure pattern and species sensitivity deserves systematic investigation in order to better understand how organisms respond to stress, including humans.
Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane-based seed-layer for improved chemical vapour deposition of ultrathin hafnium dioxide films on graphene
Authors: Kitzmann Julia , Göritz Alexander , Fraschke Mirko , Lukosius Mindaugas , Wenger Christian , Wolff Andre , Lupina Grzegorz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe investigate the use of perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane-based self-assembled monolayer as seeding layer for chemical vapour deposition of HfO2 on large area CVD graphene. The deposition and evolution of the FDTS-based seed layer is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Crystalline quality of graphene transferred from Cu is monitored during formation of the seed layer as well as the HfO2 growth using Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate that FDTS-based seed layer significantly improves nucleation of HfO2 layers so that graphene can be coated in a conformal way with HfO2 layers as thin as 10 nm. Proof-of-concept experiments on 200 mm wafers presented here validate applicability of the proposed approach to wafer scale graphene device fabrication.
Bilirubin is an Endogenous Antioxidant in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ziberna Lovro , Martelanc Mitja , Franko Mladen , Passamonti Sabina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBilirubin is a standard serum biomarker of liver function. Inexplicably, it is inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease risk. Given the role of endothelial dysfunction in originating cardiovascular diseases, direct analysis of bilirubin in the vascular endothelium would shed light on these relationships. Hence, we used high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with thermal lens spectrometric detection and diode array detection for the determination of endogenous cellular IXα-bilirubin. To confirm the isomer IXα-bilirubin, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization source, as well as tandem mass spectrometric detection. We measured bilirubin in both arterial and venous rat endothelium (0.9–1.5 pmol mg−1 protein). In the human endothelial Ea.hy926 cell line, we demonstrated that intracellular bilirubin (3–5 pmol mg−1 protein) could be modulated by either extracellular bilirubin uptake, or by up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1, a cellular enzyme related to endogenous bilirubin synthesis. Moreover, we determined intracellular antioxidant activity by bilirubin, with EC50 = 11.4 ± 0.2 nM, in the range of reported values of free serum bilirubin (8.5–13.1 nM). Biliverdin showed similar antioxidant properties as bilirubin. We infer from these observations that intra-endothelial bilirubin oscillates and may thus be a dynamic factor of the endothelial function.