bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different prostaglandin F2α secretion in response to oxytocin injection between pregnant and non‐pregnant cows: effect of the day of oxytocin challenge test for determining the difference
Authors: Kubo Tomoaki , Iga Kosuke , Fukuju Naoki , Kizaki Keiichiro , Osawa Takeshi , Izaike Yoshiaki , Takahashi Toru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the difference in plasma prostaglandin F2α metabolite concentrations following oxytocin (OT) challenge between pregnant and non‐pregnant cows. Experiment 1: cows were subjected to the OT challenge test on days 12, 14 or 16 (day of estrus = day 0) with or without prior insemination and plasma 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) concentrations were measured from −30 to 180 min after OT injection. On day 16, the increment of plasma PGFM concentrations in response to OT injection was significantly smaller in pregnant than that in cyclic cows. On days 12 and 14, there was little OT‐induced PGFM secretion and no difference in PGFM increase between the pregnant and cyclic cows. Experiment 2: cows were inseminated on day 0 and subjected to the OT challenge test on day 16. Cows were classified into non‐pregnant/early embryonic death (NP/EED), late embryonic death (LED) and pregnant (PREG) groups. The increment of PGFM concentrations in response to OT injection was less in both PREG and LED groups than that in the NP/EED group. In conclusion, plasma PGFM secretion induced by OT is suggested as the base of pregnancy diagnosis prior to returning estrus in cows.
The risk of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients following adjuvant chemotherapy is predicted by the time course of interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein by modelling
Authors: Netterberg Ida , Karlsson Mats O. , Nielsen Elisabet I. , Quartino Angelica L. , Lindman Henrik , Friberg Lena E. 
Published: November 2017

AimsEarly identification of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) is desirable for initiation of preventive treatment, such as with antibiotics. In this study, the time courses of two inflammation biomarkers, interleukin (IL)‐6 and C‐reactive protein (CRP), following adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer, were characterized. The potential to predict development of FN by IL‐6 and CRP, and other model‐derived and clinical variables, was explored.MethodsThe IL‐6 and CRP time courses in cycles 1 and 4 of breast cancer treatment were described by turnover models where the probability for an elevated production following initiation of chemotherapy was estimated. Parametric time‐to‐event models were developed to describe FN occurrence to assess: (i) predictors available before chemotherapy is initiated; (ii) predictors available before FN occurs; and (iii) predictors available when FN occurs.ResultsThe IL‐6 and CRP time courses were successfully characterized with peak IL‐6 typically occurring 2 days prior to CRP peak. Of all evaluated variables the CRP time course was most closely associated with the occurrence of FN. Since the CRP peak typically occurred at the time of FN diagnosis it will, however, have limited value for identifying the need for preventive treatment. The time course of IL‐6 was the predictor that could best forecast FN events. Of the variables available at baseline, age was the best, although in comparison a relatively weak, predictor.ConclusionsThe developed models add quantitative knowledge about IL‐6 and CRP and their relationship to the development of FN. The study suggests that IL‐6 may have potential as a clinical predictor of FN if monitored during myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Exploring the occurrence of sudden gains among anxious youth receiving evidence‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy
Authors: Mychailyszyn Matthew P. , Carper Matthew M. , Gibby Brittany 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThere is limited information on the occurrence of ‘sudden gains’ – recognized improvements of substantial magnitude occurring between individual sessions of treatment. This study explores changes in anxiety across sessions of CBT for youth anxiety disorders to determine whether evidence exists for sudden gains in this population.MethodA total of 133 anxious youth (Mage = 10.16 years; 55.6% male) were randomly assigned to receive 16 sessions of individual cognitive‐behavioral therapy (ICBT), family‐based CBT (FCBT), or a family‐based educational support and attention control (FESA). At each treatment session, youth completed a measure of anxiety. Sudden gains were calculated from weekly state anxiety scores using methods consistent with previous research (i.e., Tang & DeRubeis, 1999).ResultsThree participants experienced a sudden gain at any point during treatment; all experienced a reversal of the sudden gain, although one experienced a regain of the improvement that occurred during the sudden gain.ConclusionsWhile sudden gains have been demonstrated in some studies, in a relatively new topic to the literature such as this, it should also be considered that many evidence‐based treatments are actually intended to produce more steady/gradual gains – which may be particularly true for youth who are not as cognitively advanced as adults and who have much to learn about how psychopathology – and for this analysis, anxiety – operates.
Self‐image and psychological distress in treatment‐seeking adolescents
Authors: Di Blasi Maria , Muccioli Patrizia , Alagna Massimo , Torres Davide , Duca Ilda , Tosto Crispino 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAdolescence has been recognized as a critical period for mental health during which it is fundamental to the well‐being of adolescents to provide early and appropriate mental health interventions. Self‐image perceptions play a particularly relevant role during adolescence since individuals are extensively involved in reorganizing their identity and relationships. Although the self‐image development implies adaptive outcomes for most adolescents, some age‐related tasks can be difficult to deal with and lead to psychological suffering for a minority of them.MethodThis study examined how domain‐specific self‐image was associated with psychological distress in 128 treatment‐seeking adolescents aged 13–18 (60.9% female). The adolescents completed the Offer Self‐Image Questionnaire to measure their global and domain‐specific self‐image and the Youth‐Outcome Questionnaire to assess their psychological distress.ResultsRegression analyses indicated that impulse control, emotional tone, family, and social functioning significantly predict worse psychological functioning in the entire group. Moreover, significant gender differences emerged showing a more complex set of risk factors among adolescent females, thus suggesting the need for gender‐targeted preventive and treatment strategies.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that adolescents’ feelings and concerns about their self‐image may be key factors to consider in planning, developing, and delivering effective public mental health services for adolescents.
Multiracial in Middle School: The Influence of Classmates and Friends on Changes in Racial Self‐Identification
Authors: Echols Leslie , Ivanich Jerreed , Graham Sandra 
Published: November 2017

In the present research, the influence of racial diversity among classmates and friends on changes in racial self‐identification among multiracial youth was examined (n = 5,209; Mage = 10.56 years at the beginning of sixth grade). A novel individual‐level measure of diversity among classmates based on participants’ course schedules was utilized. The findings revealed that although there was some fluidity in multiracial identification at the beginning of middle school, changes in multiracial identification were more evident later in middle school. In addition, although diversity among classmates and friends both increased the likelihood of multiracial identification in the beginning of middle school, only diversity among friends mattered later in middle school, when fluidity in multiracial identification was at its peak.
Adolescent Perceptions of Parental Privacy Invasion and Adolescent Secrecy: An Illustration of Simpson's Paradox
Authors: Dietvorst Evelien , Hiemstra Marieke , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Keijsers Loes 
Published: November 2017

Adolescents’ secrecy is intertwined with perception of parents’ behaviors as acts of privacy invasion. It is currently untested, however, how this transactional process operates at the within‐person level—where these causal processes take place. Dutch adolescents (n = 244, Mage = 13.84, 38.50% boys) reported three times on perceived parental privacy invasion and secrecy. Cross‐lagged panel models (CLPM) confirmed earlier findings. Privacy invasion predicted increased secrecy, but a reverse effect was found from increased secrecy to increased privacy invasion. Controlling for confounding positive group‐level associations with a novel random intercept CLPM, negative within‐person associations were found. Higher levels of secrecy predicted lower levels of privacy invasive behaviors at the within‐person level. These opposing findings within‐ versus between‐persons illustrate a Simpson's paradox.
Localized Manifold Harmonics for Spectral Shape Analysis
Authors: Melzi S. , Rodolà E. , Castellani U. , Bronstein M. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of Laplacian eigenfunctions is ubiquitous in a wide range of computer graphics and geometry processing applications. In particular, Laplacian eigenbases allow generalizing the classical Fourier analysis to manifolds. A key drawback of such bases is their inherently global nature, as the Laplacian eigenfunctions carry geometric and topological structure of the entire manifold. In this paper, we introduce a new framework for local spectral shape analysis. We show how to efficiently construct localized orthogonal bases by solving an optimization problem that in turn can be posed as the eigendecomposition of a new operator obtained by a modification of the standard Laplacian. We study the theoretical and computational aspects of the proposed framework and showcase our new construction on the classical problems of shape approximation and correspondence. We obtain significant improvement compared to classical Laplacian eigenbases as well as other alternatives for constructing localized bases.
First Direct Evidence of Cue Integration in Reorientation: A New Paradigm
Authors: Twyman Alexandra D. , Holden Mark P. , Newcombe Nora S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere are several models of the use of geometric and feature cues in reorientation (Cheng, Huttenlocher, & Newcombe, ). The adaptive combination approach posits that people integrate cues with weights that depend on cue salience and learning, or, when discrepancies are large, they choose between cues based on these variables (Cheng, Shettleworth, Huttenlocher, & Rieser, ; Newcombe & Huttenlocher, ). In a new paradigm designed to evaluate integration and choice, disoriented participants attempted to return to a heading direction, in a trapezoidal enclosure in which feature and geometric cues both unambiguously specified a heading, but later the feature was moved. With discrepancies greater than 90 degrees, participants choose geometry. With smaller discrepancies, integration appeared in three of five situations; otherwise, participants used geometry alone. Variation depended on direction of feature movement and whether the nearest corner was acute or obtuse. The results have implications for contrasting adaptive combination and modularity theory, and for future research, offering a new paradigm for reorientation research, and for testing cue integration more broadly.
Neurocognitive outcome in young adults born late‐preterm
Authors: Heinonen Kati , Lahti Jari , Sammallahti Sara , Wolke Dieter , Lano Aulikki , Andersson Sture , Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Eriksson Johan G , Kajantie Eero , Raikkonen Katri 
Published: November 2017

AimThis study examined whether late‐preterm birth (34+0 to 36+6wks+d gestational age) was associated with neurocognitive deficit in young adulthood, and whether small for gestational age (SGA) birth amplified any adversity.MethodParticipants derived from the prospective regional cohort study, the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study (n=786; 398 females, 388 males) (mean age 25y 4mo, SD 8mo), born 1985 to 1986 late‐preterm (n=119; 21 SGA, <−2 SD) and at term (37+0 to 41+6wks+d; n=667; 28 SGA) underwent tests of intelligence, executive functioning, attention, and memory, and reported their education.ResultsThose born late‐preterm scored −3.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] −6.71 to −0.72) and −3.11 (95% CI −6.01 to −0.22) points lower on Full‐scale and Verbal IQ than peers born at term. Compared with those born at term and appropriate for gestational age (≥−2 to <2 SD) Full‐scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ scores of those born late‐preterm and SGA were −9.45 to −11.84 points lower. After adjustments, differences were rendered non‐significant, except that scores in Full‐scale and Performance IQ remained lower among those born late‐preterm and SGA.InterpretationLate‐preterm birth, per se, may not increase the risk of poorer neurocognitive functioning in adulthood. But the double burden of being born late‐preterm and SGA seems to increase this risk.What this paper adds

Late‐preterm birth did not increase the risk of poorer neurocognitive functioning in adulthood.

But the double burden of being born late‐preterm and being small for gestational age did increase this risk.
Effect of non‐surgical weight management on weight and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes: A comparison of interventional and non‐interventional outcomes at 3 years
Authors: Botha Shani , Forde Lorna , MacNaughton Sheila , Shearer Ross , Lindsay Robert , Sattar Naveed , Morrison David , Welsh Paul , Logue Jennifer 
Published: November 2017

AimsTo examine the long‐term effectiveness of lifestyle weight management interventions, recommended in clinical guidelines for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.Materials and methodsElectronic health records were used to follow 23 208 patients with T2DM and obesity in Glasgow, UK, for up to 3 years between 2005 and 2014. Patients were stratified by referral to and attendance at a lifestyle weight management intervention, and by attainment of a target weight loss of ≥5 kg over 7 to 9 sessions (“successful completers”). Outcomes were change in weight, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes medications.ResultsA total of 3471 potentially eligible patients were referred to the service, and fewer than half of these attended (n = 1537). Of those who attended 7 to 9 sessions, >40% successfully completed and achieved 5‐kg weight loss (334/808). Successful completers maintained greater weight loss (change at 3 years −8.03 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] −9.44 to −6.62) than the non‐completers (−3.26 kg; 95% CI −4.01 to −2.51; P < .001) and those not referred to the service (−1.00 kg; 95% CI −1.15 to −0.85; P < .001). Successful completers were the only patient group who did not increase their use of diabetes medication and insulin over 3 years. In adjusted models, successful completers had a clinically significant reduction in HbA1c (−3.7 mmol/mol; 95% CI −5.82 to −1.51) after 3 years; P ≤ .001) compared with non‐completers and unsuccessful completers.ConclusionsA real‐life structured weight management intervention in patients with diabetes can reduce weight in the medium term, result in improved glycaemic control with fewer medications, and may be more effective than pharmacological alternatives. Challenges include getting a higher proportion of patients referred to and engaged with interventions.
Preservation of neuronal functions by exosomes derived from different human neural cell types under ischemic conditions
Authors: Deng Mingyang , Xiao Han , Peng Hongling , Yuan Huan , Xu Yunxiao , Zhang Guangsen , Tang Jianguang , Hu Zhiping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStem cell‐based therapies have been reported in protecting cerebral infarction‐induced neuronal dysfunction and death. However, most studies used rat/mouse neuron as model cell when treated with stem cell or exosomes. Whether these findings can be translated from rodent to humans has been in doubt. Here, we used human embryonic stem cell‐derived neurons to detect the protective potential of exosomes against ischemia. Neurons were treated with in vitro oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1 h. For treatment group, different exosomes were derived from neuron, embryonic stem cell, neural progenitor cell and astrocyte differentiated from H9 human embryonic stem cell and added to culture medium 30 min after OGD (100 μg/mL). Western blotting was performed 12 h after OGD, while cell counting and electrophysiological recording were performed 48 h after OGD. We found that these exosomes attenuated OGD‐induced neuronal death, Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), pro‐inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathway changes, as well as basal spontaneous synaptic transmission inhibition in varying degrees. The results implicate the protective effect of exosomes on OGD‐induced neuronal death and dysfunction in human embryonic stem cell‐derived neurons, potentially through their modulation on mTOR, pro‐inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways.
Maturation in auditory event‐related potentials explains variation in language ability in children
Authors: Kwok Elaine Y. L. , Joanisse Marc F. , Archibald Lisa M. D. , Stothers Margot E. , Brown Heather M. , Oram Cardy Janis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProcessing of auditory information in the cortex continues to develop into later childhood and adolescence. Recent research has indicated that intraclass correlation (ICC) is the best method for capturing maturation in auditory event‐related potentials (AEPs) of school‐age children. However, the sensitivity of the ICC approach in discerning AEP changes in children has not been consistently demonstrated and positive results have not been replicated. We attempted this replication and further explored whether AEP maturation estimated using the ICC approach predicts cognitive and linguistic abilities in addition to chronological age. We measured AEPs in response to simple tones in groups of 7‐, 8‐, 9‐ and 10‐year olds with typical development (N = 67) and used ICC to estimate the age equivalent of each child's AEP (AEP‐age). Results indicated that ICC differentiated 7‐ to 8‐year‐old children from 9‐ to 10‐year‐old children and that AEP‐age predicted both chronological age and significant, unique variance in language ability, but not in nonverbal IQ. Our findings support the view that auditory organization in children reflects both general developmental maturation and more specific development of language skills, and support the future use of AEP‐age to identify and understand individual differences in brain maturation in typically developing and clinical populations.
Probing the limits of predictability: data assimilation of chaotic dynamics in complex food webs
Authors: Massoud Elias C. , Huisman Jef , Benincà Elisa , Dietze Michael C. , Bouten Willem , Vrugt Jasper A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe daunting complexity of ecosystems has led ecologists to use mathematical modelling to gain understanding of ecological relationships, processes and dynamics. In pursuit of mathematical tractability, these models use simplified descriptions of key patterns, processes and relationships observed in nature. In contrast, ecological data are often complex, scale‐dependent, space‐time correlated, and governed by nonlinear relations between organisms and their environment. This disparity in complexity between ecosystem models and data has created a large gap in ecology between model and data‐driven approaches. Here, we explore data assimilation (DA) with the Ensemble Kalman filter to fuse a two‐predator‐two‐prey model with abundance data from a 2600+ day experiment of a plankton community. We analyse how frequently we must assimilate measured abundances to predict accurately population dynamics, and benchmark our population model's forecast horizon against a simple null model. Results demonstrate that DA enhances the predictability and forecast horizon of complex community dynamics.
Seizure and cognitive outcomes after resection of glioneuronal tumors in children
Authors: Faramand Andrew M. , Barnes Nicola , Harrison Sue , Gunny Roxanna , Jacques Tom , Tahir M Zubair , Varadkar Sophia M. , Cross Helen J. , Harkness William , Tisdall Martin M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveGlioneuronal tumors (GNTs) are well‐recognized causes of chronic drug‐resistant focal epilepsy in children. Our practice involves an initial period of radiological surveillance and antiepileptic medications, with surgery being reserved for those with radiological progression or refractory seizures. We planned to analyze the group of patients with low‐grade GNTs, aiming to identify factors affecting seizure and cognitive outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 150 children presenting to Great Ormond Street Hospital with seizures secondary to GNTs. Analysis of clinical, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and surgical factors was performed to determine predictors of outcome. Seizure outcome at final follow‐up was classified as either seizure‐free (group A) or not seizure‐free (group B) for patients with at least 12‐months follow‐up postsurgery. Full‐scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was used as a measure of cognitive outcome.ResultsEighty‐six males and 64 females were identified. Median presurgical FSIQ was 81. One hundred twenty‐one patients (80.5%) underwent surgery. Median follow‐up after surgery was 2 years, with 92 patients (76%) having at least 12 months of follow‐up after surgery. Seventy‐four patients (80%) were seizure‐free, and 18 (20%) continued to have seizures. Radiologically demonstrated complete tumor resection was associated with higher rates of seizure freedom (P = .026). Higher presurgical FSIQ was related to shorter epilepsy duration until surgery (P = .012) and to older age at seizure onset (P = .043).SignificanceA high proportion of children who present with epilepsy and GNTs go on to have surgical tumor resection with excellent postoperative seizure control. Complete resection is associated with a higher chance of seizure freedom. Higher presurgical cognitive functioning is associated with shorter duration of epilepsy prior to surgery and with older age at seizure onset. Given the high rate of eventual surgery, early surgical intervention should be considered in children with continuing seizures associated with GNTs.
Supercomplexity and the university: Ronald Barnett and the social philosophy of Higher Education
Authors: Bengtsen Søren S. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRonald Barnett's modern classic Realizing the University in an Age of Supercomplexity (published December 1999), has had a crucial impact internationally on the field of Higher Education research and development since the book was published now nearly 20 years ago. Bridging an academic oeuvre across almost 30 years with close to 30 published volumes, Realizing the University in an Age of Supercomplexity plays an important role in the development and transformation of Barnett's social theory of Higher Education into a social philosophy of Higher Education. In the book Barnett performs an important move from a focus on knowledge and epistemology to a focus on being and ontology in relation to Higher Education practices. Barnett shifts his fundamental perspective and view on the relation between universities and the wider society from one of caution and worry to a perspective of hope and vision that fully embraces the future of Higher Education. This way, Realizing the University in an Age of Supercomplexity has not only paved the way for Barnett's own development of a social philosophy of Higher Education, but also contributed invaluably to the rise and maturing of philosophy of Higher Education as a research field in its own right.