bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Resurgence of Ideology under Xi Jinping and International Relations Scholarship in China
Authors: Mokry Sabine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article examines how the increased emphasis on ideology under Xi Jinping has impacted Chinese IR scholarship published in Chinese- and English-language academic journals, as well as research funding awarded by the National Planning Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences. It finds that ideological concepts featured increasingly prominently in awarded research funding and published scholarship the longer Xi Jinping has been in office. Considerable decreases in thematic diversity were noticeable in funding and publications. The article finds that the resurgence of ideology further exacerbated differences between scholars who are relatively close to the state and scholars who are more distant from the state. Close scholars publish more on ideological concepts, but their scholarship is also characterized by a higher degree of thematic diversity than distant scholars’. Drawing on scholars’ biographical data, publicly available data on research funding, and bibliometric data collected from Chinese- and English-language academic journals, this article offers a systematic account of the status quo of the IR discipline in China. In addition, it offers insights into the conditions for social science scholarship under authoritarian rule by proposing a novel conceptualization and measurement of scholars’ proximity to the state, which could also be applied to other authoritarian settings.
Comprehensive review of noncontact sensing technologies for bridge condition monitoring and assessment
Authors: Tian Yongding , Zhang Junhao , Lyu Yangfeng , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bridges play a vital role in modern transportation networks. Nevertheless, the degradation of their materials, combined with the effects of natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes, floods, rockfalls, landslides), can result in decreased performance or even collapse. Therefore, monitoring the health of bridges is essential to maintain the safety and integrity of highway and railway systems. Noncontact sensing technologies provide effective solutions for bridge condition monitoring and performance assessment, as they can gather data without direct interaction with the structure. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest noncontact sensing technologies employed for bridge condition monitoring, detailing their principles, benefits, drawbacks, and applications. Firstly, the recent advancements in vision sensing technology for detecting defects, measuring deformations, vibrations, cable forces, vehicle loads, pedestrian-induced impact force, and monitoring vessel collision with bridges are summarized; secondly, the laser scanning technology for three-dimensional model reconstruction, full-field deformation measurement, and quality inspection of bridges are examined; thirdly, the use of microwave radar technology for measuring deformations, vibrations, and cable forces in bridges is investigated. Finally, the paper outlines future trends in noncontact sensing technologies for bridge condition monitoring and evaluation. This comprehensive review offers valuable insights for engineers and researchers in the field of civil engineering.
A review on the effect of soy bioactive components on growth and health outcomes in pigs and broiler chickens
Authors: White Cameron S , Froebel Laney E , Dilger Ryan N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While soy products have long been included in animal diets for their macronutrient fractions, more recent work has focused on the immunomodulatory potential of bioactive components of this feedstuff. This comprehensive review aims to identify the current state of knowledge on minor soy fractions and their impact on the health and growth of pigs and broiler chickens to better direct future research. A total of 7,683 publications were screened, yet only 151 were included in the review after exclusion criteria were applied, with the majority (n = 87) of these studies conducted in pigs. In both species, antinutritional factors and carbohydrates, like stachyose and raffinose, were the most frequently studied categories of bioactive components. For both categories, most publications were evaluating ways to decrease the prevalence of the examined components in soy products, especially when fed at earlier ages. Overall, most studies evaluated the effect of the bioactive component on performance-related outcomes (n = 137), followed by microbial analysis (n = 38) and intestinal structure and integrity measures (n = 37). As they were analyzed in the majority of publications, antinutritional factors were also the most frequently investigated category in relation to each specific outcome. This trend did not hold true for microbiota- or antioxidant-associated outcomes, which were most often studied with carbohydrates or polyphenols, respectively. Changes to the host microbiota have the potential to modulate the immune system, feed intake, and social behaviors through the microbiota–gut–brain axis, though few publications measured behavior and brain characteristics as an outcome. Other identified gaps in research included the study of soy saponins, as most research focused on saponins derived from other plants, the study of phytosterols outside of their role in cardiovascular or reproductive outcomes, and the general examination of bioactive peptides. Overall, given soy’s popularity as a current constituent of animal feed, additional research into these bioactive components may serve to define the value of soy products through their potential ability to support the productivity, health, and well-being of animals.
Development and validation of a simple chromatographic method to screen oral fluid samples for drugs in DUID investigations
Authors: Sarris Gregory G , Abbott Dustin L , Moreno Tiffany M , Maychack Kelly J , Limoges Jennifer F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A simple and rapid qualitative chromatographic method with a unique extraction approach was developed and validated to screen oral fluid samples for 31 compounds in driving under the influence of drugs investigations. The scope and sensitivity of the method meets or exceeds Tier I recommendations established by the National Safety Council’s Alcohol, Drugs and Impairment Division. Since this is a targeted chromatographic screen (rather than an immunoassay), cutoffs were set to match the confirmation levels in the recommendations. Sample preparation involved a single-step liquid–liquid extraction procedure, using a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropanol, and hexane and was applied to samples collected with the Quantisal™ device. Instrument analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, using a Restek Raptor™ biphenyl column for chromatographic separations and a total run time of 8 min. Validation results met all requirements of ANSI/ASB Standard 036 (1st edition)—Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology.
Weight change, variability, and trajectories and risk of hip fracture among older adults with dysglycemia: the cardiovascular health study
Authors: Sarma Shohinee , Bůžková Petra , Elam Rachel E , Fink Howard A , Cauley Jane A , Djoussé Luc , Barzilay Joshua , Mukamal Kenneth J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and lower weight are both associated with osteoporotic fractures, but the roles of variability and trajectory are less clear. The associations of these factors among older adults with dysglycemia, who are at highest risk of fracture, with fracture risk and BMD remain uncertain. We followed 775 men and 1080 women from the Cardiovascular Health Study (mean age 77.4 years) with abnormal oral glucose tolerance testing in 1989-1990. We measured their weights yearly through 1994-1995 and derived intra-individual mean weight, weight slope, and weight variability. We also used growth mixture modeling to derive 4 latent BMI trajectories over time. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for subsequent hip fracture through 2015 and linear regression models to estimate cross-sectional associations with BMD of the hip. Each 10 kg higher mean weight was associated with a lower risk of subsequent hip fracture overall (HR 0.81; CI, 0.70–0.94) and among women (HR 0.76; CI, 0.64–0.91) and with higher BMD (p &lt;.001). Higher weight variability was directly associated with incident hip fracture among women (HR 1.18; CI, 1.03–1.35). Compared with a stable trajectory, a “progressive overweight” trajectory was associated with lower risk of hip fracture (HR 0.66; CI, 0.44–0.99). An uncommon trajectory of “accelerating obesity” was associated with higher BMD. Among older adults with dysglycemia at high risk for fracture, lower mean weight is associated with higher fracture risk, but variability and trajectory may also contribute. These results highlight the complex effects of weight in older age.
Spatial distribution and abundance of non-native barnacles of the genus Amphibalanus Pitombo, 2004 (Cirripedia: Balanidae) in southern Iraq
Authors: Naser Murtada D , Yasser Amaal Gh , De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio R , Essl Franz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Invasions of non-native species have been occurring across the globe, mostly due to human activities or climate change. Although most introduced species fail to expand or have slight impact on their new ecosystems, the large number of true invasive species has led to serious economic and ecological problems. Knowledge of the fundamental drivers shaping the current distribution and abundance of invasive species of barnacles of the genus AmphibalanusPitombo, 2004 in Iraq are still poorly understood. We collected samples of barnacles from 21 sites from the lower reaches of the Shatt Al-Arab with salinities of 20–24 ppt to the upper part of the Shatt Al-Arab, and northwest to the Al-Hammar marshes and the Euphrates River with salinities of 0.9–2.8 ppt. Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) was widely distributed, occurring at most sites. With the exception of a few sites close to the mouth of the Shatt Al-Arab, A. improvisus (Darwin, 1854) was restricted to sites with salinities of 22–37 ppt. Amphibalanus subalbidus (Henry, 1973) had an oligohaline distribution, occurring in moderately saline water. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the spatial distribution and abundance of all three species were influenced by salinity and temperature. Overall, our results confirm the importance of mapping the spatial distribution and abundance of invasive species in order to assess and manage the risks these species pose to native ecosystems.
The concept of the level playing field in International Economic Law
Authors: Tokas Marios 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
International economic relations are often compared to a sports game. Within this game, states and private companies compete for influence, market shares, and resources. Competition is unfair when the field has a slope. In keeping with this sports analogy, the ‘game’ of international economic relations depends on a level playing field (LPF). International economic exchange is fair only when this playing field lacks a slope. This article argues that the LPF in international economic law does not require fully equalizing the regulatory burden across market actors, even when incorporating sustainability considerations. Instead, whether regulatory divergences lead to an uneven playing field depends on the nature, intensity, and source of such divergences, and varies on a case-by-case basis. This is important because countries have increasingly introduced LPF measures that seek to achieve comparable regulatory burdens. LPF measures cover a wide range of matters, including environmental and labour standards, subsidies, competition law, and state-owned enterprises.
Translating psychosocial safety climate (PSC) into real-world practice: two PSC intervention case studies
Authors: Loh May Young , Dollard Maureen F , McLinton Sarven S , Brough Paula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Translating research into practice is often a goal for evidence-based organizational researchers to help improve workplace conditions and worker well-being. Improving worker well-being can be achieved by using empirical evidence to inform organizational interventions. However, despite the well-established intervention literature, practitioners appear not to appreciate fully how research findings can inform real-world practice. Using our understanding about workplace safety and health issues, we proposed that employers themselves could undertake interventions that focus on building psychosocial safety climate (PSC), an essential organizational climate that protects and promotes the psychological well-being of workers.
Methods: Here we present 2 case studies to illustrate strategies that improve psychosocial safety and to increase our understanding about how interventions help improve PSC over time. Case Study 1 was conducted in an Australian public organization and Case Study 2 was in an international private organization. We collected survey data using the PSC-12 scale, to assess the level of PSC of the organization before and after the intervention, and details of the intervention and other initiatives for promoting employees’ psychological health.
Results: Our evaluation supported the proposition that interventions that combine organizational-level and individual-level (and the interface between the two) approaches with a focus on the core elements of PSC (such as commitment, priority, communication, and participation) improve an organization’s PSC over time.
Conclusions: The research not only elucidates important practical implications for organizations trialing new psychosocial safety initiatives, but also makes an important contribution to theory in work stress intervention on best practice and principles to build a psychologically healthy work context.
Unravelling the role of dipeptidyl peptidases-8/9 (DPP-8/9) in inflammatory osteoporosis: a comprehensive study investigating chrysin as a potential anti-osteoporotic agent
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sufian , Ahmed Faraha , Alam Mohd Mumtaz , Ahmad Sayeed , Khan Mohammad Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-8 and 9 (DPP-8/9) enzymes in inflammatory bone loss using a 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced model in Wistar rats. Additionally, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting these enzymes with the flavonoid chrysin.

Methods
Inflammatory osteoporosis was induced by administering VCD that elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. DPP-8/9 enzyme expression and various bone markers were assayed using serum. Further analysis included bone microarchitecture, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, chrysin’s potential to inhibit DPP-8/9 and mitigate VCD-induced inflammatory bone loss was also evaluated.

Key findings
VCD administration in rats caused ovotoxicity that increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels, resulting in significant bone loss. Serum analysis revealed elevated bone resorption markers and DPP-8/9 enzyme levels. Inhibiting DPP-8/9 with 1G244 reversed these effects, confirmed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro-CT scans. Moreover, chrysin significantly reduced DPP-8/9 levels compared with the untreated group, improved bone markers, and lower inflammatory cytokines, indicating reduced osteoclastogenesis.

Conclusion
This study highlights the role of DPP-8/9 in inflammation-induced osteoporosis. Following inhibition of DPP-8/9, we observed improved bone markers with preservation of trabecular bone mineral density in rats. Additionally, chrysin demonstrated potential as an anti-DPP-8/9 agent, suggesting its viability for future therapeutic interventions in DPP-8/9-related inflammatory diseases.
Inference for extreme spatial temperature events in a changing climate with application to Ireland
Authors: Healy Dáire , Tawn Jonathan , Thorne Peter , Parnell Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigate the changing nature of the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of extreme temperatures in Ireland from 1942 to 2020. We develop an extreme value model that captures spatial and temporal non-stationarity in extreme daily maximum temperature data. We model the tails of the marginal variables using the generalised Pareto distribution and the spatial dependence of extreme events by a semi-parametric Brown-Resnick r-Pareto process, with parameters of each model allowed to change over time. We use weather station observations for modelling extreme events since data from climate models (not conditioned on observational data) can over-smooth these events and have trends determined by the specific climate model configuration. However, climate models do provide valuable information about the detailed physiography over Ireland and the associated climate response. We propose novel methods which exploit the climate model data to overcome issues linked to the sparse and biased sampling of the observations. Our analysis identifies a temporal change in the marginal behaviour of extreme temperature events over the study domain, which is much larger than the change in mean temperature levels over this time window. We illustrate how these characteristics result in increased spatial coverage of the events that exceed critical temperatures.
Benign hibernoma mimicking a cardiac liposarcoma
Authors: Wyant Kody , Shobayo Titilayo Oden , Rojo Manuel R , Abdelsattar Zaid M , Kinno Menhel , Schwartz Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite the low incidence of primary cardiac tumors, recently at our institution, we have experienced two very rare tumors in the span of just a few months. Hibernomas are rare tumors of brown adipose tissue origin that share the benign clinical features of a lipoma, but on imaging mimic the more aggressive sarcoma. Here we present two separate cases of otherwise healthy patients who were found incidentally to have these asymptomatic tumors.
Perception of normal and treatment level ejaculatory latency times in men with premature ejaculation
Authors: Wang Chunlin , Colonnello Elena , Sansone Andrea , Zhang Hui , Zhu Dake , Jannini Emmanuele A , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Although the normal intravaginal ejaculation latency time (NIELT) as subjectively perceived by patients with premature ejaculation (PE) and expected IELT (EIELT), which represents the individual’s expectations of what treatment for PE would achieve, are critically influential in the treatment of patients with PE, there is a significant dearth of exploratory research on NIELT and EIELT among patients with PE.

Aim
To explore the NIELT and EIELT of patients with PE, understand why patients with PE perceive such a long IELT as normal, and identify factors associated with EIELT.

Methods
We recruited both patients with PE and control subjects, and analyzed the parameters related to IELT using detailed interviews and questionnaires.

Outcomes
Parameters related to IELT.

Results
A total of 592 individuals (mean age 29.6 ± 6.2) were included in the study, comprising 466 patients with PE (mean age 28.3 ± 5.4) and 126 non-PE individuals (mean age 34.6 ± 6.5). The actual perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time (PIELT), referring to the patient’s self-assessed IELT at baseline, as well as NIELT, and EIELT of patients with PE, were 1.0 (1.0 − 2.0), 14.0 (10.0 − 15.0), and 15.0 (10.0 − 20.0), respectively. The control group’s PIELT and EIELT were 15.0 (10.0 − 20.0) and 20.0 (15.0 − 24.3), respectively, showing statistical differences compared with the PIELT and EIELT in the PE group. In the PE group and the control group, 31.5% and 57.9% of individuals, respectively, have an EIELT greater than the average actual normal ejaculatory latency time of 15.0 minutes. Among patients with PE, 51.3% expressed a NIELT &gt;10 minutes, identical to the EIELT in a higher percentage (59.4%). The control group’s EIELT is 5 minutes longer than the PE group’s EIELT. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age, marital status, education level, BMI, satisfaction evaluation of PIELT, PEDT score, and IIEF-6 score were not associated with EIELT; only NIELT (beta = 0.817, P &lt; 0.001) and PIELT (beta = 0.056, P = 0.044) were related to EIELT.

Clinical implications
Sexual health care providers should be aware that patients with PE have excessively high expectations for IELT.

Strengths and limitation
The first study explores why patients with clinically diagnosed PE perceive long IELT as normal and examines factors associated with EIELT. Further validation is needed in different cultural contexts.

Conclusion
Patients with PE often have excessively high expectations regarding IELT, primarily due to their insufficient understanding of IELT.
Good Oilfield Practice: its history and evolution
Authors: Martin A Timothy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Good Oilfield Practice sets the standards that oil and gas operators use to conduct their operations. This article provides a comprehensive, historical analysis of Good Oilfield Practice from its origins from more than a century ago to today’s modern global industry. It has constantly evolved to cover all facets of the oil and gas industry, which reflects the risk, complexity, and uncertainty associated with the industry’s operations. Good Oilfield Practice is often described differently with different names and consists of many standards. It is not a single standard. It is many. It is both an objective and a negligence standard. Good Oilfield Practice comes from a number of sources, including the industry’s agreements and its regulatory framework. There is a distinction between good and best practices, even when there may be challenges in determining what is ‘best’. Given the many similarities and synergies, the standards developed in the oil and gas industry are now migrating to other energy sectors.
Sterility of basal spikelets in wheat: predetermined fate or a matter of resources?
Authors: Tamagno Santiago , Carrera Constanza S , Marchese Sofia I , Savin Roxana , Slafer Gustavo A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Grains per spike in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are not uniformly distributed. Basal spikelets are typically sterile (or rudimentary) under common agronomic field conditions leading to the assumption that this is a constitutive trait. Yet, it is unknown whether high resource availability per plant could prevent floret mortality in basal spikelets. We present data from two field experiments assessing spike fertility in the four most basal spikelets of spikes from the main shoot and tillers. A collection of genotypes with different years of release and tillering habits were grown under contrasting sowing densities (agronomic densities versus isolated plants) to generate a condition of high assimilate supply to the spike. Under agronomic densities, the four most basal positions presented sterility in almost all cases in the main shoot spikes and without exception in the tiller spikes. When plants were isolated in each experiment, sterility in basal spikelets was absent and less frequent in spikes from the main shoot and tillers. Moreover, in the isolated condition, modern genotypes had a higher number of grains per spikelet than their older counterparts, whereas genotypes with low tillering habit showed the least response in spikelet fertility. These results indicate that while the predetermined lanceolate shape of spikes leads to the sterility of basal spikelets at high densities, this sterility can be reversed if assimilates become more available. Thus, sterility of basal spikelets in common agronomic conditions is not a constitutive condition of the spike.