bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of phase changes during fabrication of copper alloys, crystalline and non-crystalline, prepared by mechanical alloying
Authors: Rojas Paula , Martínez Carola , Aguilar Claudio , Briones Francisco , Zelaya María Eugenia , Guzman Danny 
Published: December 2016

The manufacture of alloys in solid state has many differences with the conventional melting (casting) process. In the case of high energy milling or mechanical alloying, phase transformations of the raw materials are promoted by a large amount of energy that is introduced by impact with the grinding medium; there is no melting, but the microstructural changes go from microstructural refinement to amorphization in solid state. This work studies the behavior of pure metals (Cu and Ni), and different binary alloys (Cu-Ni and Cu-Zr), under the same milling/mechanical alloying conditions. After high-energy milling, X ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were analyzed to determine changes in the lattice parameter and find both microstrain and crystallite sizes, which were first calculated using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) method and then compared with the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Calculations showed a relatively appropriate approach to observations with TEM; however, in general, TEM observations detect heterogeneities, which are not considered for the W-H method. As for results, in the set of pure metals, we show that pure nickel undergoes more microstrain deformations, and is more abrasive than copper (and copper alloys). In binary systems, there was a complete solid solution in the Cu-Ni system and a glass-forming ability for the Cu-Zr, as a function of the Zr content. Mathematical methods cannot be applied when the systems have amorphization because there are no equations representing this process during milling. A general conclusion suggests that, under the same milling conditions, results are very different due to the significant impact of the composition: nickel easily forms a solid solution, while with a higher zirconium content there is a higher degree of glassforming ability.
Physical characteristics of pipes as indicators of structural state for decision-making considerations in sewer asset management
Authors: López Kleine Liliana , Hernandez Nathalie , Torres Andres 
Published: December 2016

Sewer deterioration is a problem that affects many cities of the world. This affects the structural state of the sewer systems, as well as its hydraulic capacity and the service level. As a consequence, the sewer system stakeholders are working on the development of a proactive sewer management to make decision in time and avoid public emergencies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to predict the variable state using a clustering algorithm (k-means) in Bogotá’s sewer pipes based on its physical characteristics. Among the most representative results was to find a relationship between pipes’ characteristics and their structural state (chi-squared). Furthermore, the slope and ground level variables were the most related ones to the state of the pipes. The detected relationships are linear and can be used to make management decisions when pipes are clustered and the clusters are mapped on a principal component plane.
EL INVOLUCRAMIENTO DE LAS FAMILIAS EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE LOS NIÑOS. CUATRO REFLEXIONES PARA FORTALECER LA RELACIÓN ENTRE FAMILIAS Y ESCUELAS
Authors: Razeto Alicia 
Published: December 2016

Este ensayo aporta cuatro reflexiones para visibilizar la relevancia que tiene el involucramiento de las familias en el sistema educativo, como una variable de la calidad de la educación, y emprender políticas y programas que fortalezcan la relación entre las familias y las escuelas. Las reflexiones son: i) el actuar de las familias influye en el desempeño educativo de los niños; ii) las familias vulnerables están en desventaja desde el punto de vista de su capacidad para apoyar la educación de sus hijos y de relacionarse con la escuela; iii) el Estado valora la participación de las familias en la educación, aunque las iniciativas desplegadas son insuficientes y están desactualizadas; iv) no hay que partir de cero: estudios internacionales entregan recomendaciones para fortalecer la relación entre familias y escuelas.
Estudo comparativo de desempenho: Salário Mínimo Nacional X Dólar e Euro
Authors: Aguiar Daiane Almeida , Santos Fernando De Almeida 
Published: December 2016

A pesquisa descrita neste trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho do SM (Salário Mínimo) Nacional nos períodos de 1994 a 2014 em comparação com as moedas norte americana e europeia, o dólar e o euro, respctivamente, pois são moedas de referência mundial. A fundamentação teórica desse estudo foi baseada em pesquisas bibliográficas e artigos. Este trabalho verificou que a inflação reduziu com a chegada do plano real, pois o país sofria com a hiperinflação. Observou-se que comparado com o dólar e o euro o SM foi valorizado.
Solução computacional para o auxiliar na alfabetização de surdos
Authors: Fernandes João Carlos Lopes , Rodrigues Silvia Cristina Martini , Cruz Netto Ovidio Lopes da 
Published: December 2016

A aprendizagem dos surdos é um grande desafio para os educadores, principalmente na disciplina de língua portuguesa. As escolas brasileiras não estão preparadas para convier com surdos, pois não possuem profissionais capacitados. As atuais políticas educacionais brasileiras, buscam socializar todos os alunos surdos e não surdos. A comunidade brasileira de surdos utiliza a LIBRAS, língua brasileira de sinais como principal forma de comunicação entre eles. Integrar LIBRAS e língua portuguesa é um dos principais desafios atuais e o uso da computação tem auxiliado muito.
Phase precipitation in transition metal-containing 354-type alloys
Authors: Garza-Elizondo Guillermo H. , Samuel Agnes M. , Valtierra Salvador , Samuel Fawzy H. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Ni, Mn, Zr, and Sc additions, individually or in combination, on the microstructure of 354 casting alloy (Al-9 wt.% Si-1.8 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Mg). Microstructural examination and thermal analysis data showed that the main reactions detected during the solidification of the six 354 alloys (G1, G6–G10) investigated are: formation of the α-Al dendritic network; precipitation of Al-Si eutectic and post-eutectic β-Al5FeSi; Mg2Si phase; transformation of the β-phase into π-Al8Mg3FeSi6 phase; and precipitation of Al2Cu and Q-Al5Mg8Cu2Si6 phases. With 2 wt.% Ni addition, the formation of Al9FeNi and Al3CuNi phases is observed. In the base 354 alloy the main phases are restricted to Cu-, Mg-, and Fe-rich intermetallic phases. The Si particle characteristics and volume fraction of intermetallics are influenced by the solidification rate and Mg level, whereas addition of Fe and/or Mn has no significant influence. In alloy G9, Fe, Mn and Ni interact to form new intermetallic phases. An increased Fe content leads to formation of polyhedral/star-like sludge particles in addition to α-Fe and β-Al5FeSi phases; the presence of the hard sludge particles within the soft α-Al dendrites improves the alloy properties.
Fluctuation-electromagnetic interaction under dynamic and thermal nonequilibrium conditions
Authors: Dedkov G V , Kyasov A A 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We systematically summarize theoretical developments related to the relativistic and nonrelativistic fluctuation-electromagnetic interaction of bodies of different temperatures moving translationally and (or) rotationally relative to one another. The small-particle–plate and small-particle–vacuum background configurations are considered as the basic ones. A method is presented for calculating the basic characteristics of this interaction: the conservative–dissipative forces and torques, the heating (cooling) rates, and the intensities of thermal and nonthermal radiation fluxes that arise under ‘Cherenkov friction’ conditions. Experimental results and possible applications are discussed.
Immune Reconstitution after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Time To T Up the Thymus
Authors: Chaudhry Mohammed S. , Velardi Enrico , Malard Florent , van den Brink Marcel R. M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a key treatment for many disorders, is intertwined with T cell immune reconstitution. The thymus plays a key role post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the generation of a broad but self-tolerant T cell repertoire, but it is exquisitely sensitive to a range of insults during the transplant period, including conditioning regimens, corticosteroids, infections, and graft-versus-host disease. Although endogenous thymic repair is possible it is often suboptimal, and there is a need to develop exogenous strategies to help regenerate the thymus. Therapies currently in clinical trials in the transplant setting include keratinocyte growth factor, cytokines (IL-7 and IL-22), and hormonal modulation including sex steroid inhibition and growth hormone administration. Such regenerative strategies may ultimately enable the thymus to play as prominent a role after transplant as it once did in early childhood, allowing a more complete restoration of the T cell compartment.
Intratumoral Delivery of Immunotherapy—Act Locally, Think Globally
Authors: Aznar M. Angela , Tinari Nicola , Rullán Antonio J. , Sánchez-Paulete Alfonso R. , Rodriguez-Ruiz María E. , Melero Ignacio 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Immune mechanisms have evolved to cope with local entry of microbes acting in a confined fashion but eventually inducing systemic immune memory. Indeed, in situ delivery of a number of agents into tumors can mimic in the malignant tissue the phenomena that control intracellular infection leading to the killing of infected cells. Vascular endothelium activation and lymphocyte attraction, together with dendritic cell–mediated cross-priming, are the key elements. Intratumoral therapy with pathogen-associated molecular patterns or recombinant viruses is being tested in the clinic. Cell therapies can be also delivered intratumorally, including infusion of autologous dendritic cells and even tumor-reactive T lymphocytes. Intralesional virotherapy with an HSV vector expressing GM-CSF has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of unresectable melanoma. Immunomodulatory monoclonal Abs have also been successfully applied intratumorally in animal models. Local delivery means less systemic toxicity while focusing the immune response on the malignancy and the affected draining lymph nodes.
Selected Poems
Authors: Mozetič Uroš 
Published: December 2016

The selection of English translations of Mozetič' poetry includes poems from the cycles Gallery of Discarded Things, Lošinj, The Cloud of Knowing, De-dications: Pax de deux, and The Way of the Cross for the Blind. Translations by Nada Grošelj and Uroš Mozetič.
Challenges in modelling isoprene and monoterpene emission dynamics of Arctic plants: a case study from a subarctic tundra heath
Authors: Tang Jing , Schurgers Guy , Valolahti Hanna , Faubert Patrick , Tiiva Päivi , Michelsen Anders , Rinnan Riikka 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The Arctic is warming at twice the global average speed, and the warming-induced increases in biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions from Arctic plants are expected to be drastic. The current global models' estimations of minimal BVOC emissions from the Arctic are based on very few observations and have been challenged increasingly by field data. This study applied a dynamic ecosystem model, LPJ-GUESS, as a platform to investigate short-term and long-term BVOC emission responses to Arctic climate warming. Field observations in a subarctic tundra heath with long-term (13-year) warming treatments were extensively used for parameterizing and evaluating BVOC-related processes (photosynthesis, emission responses to temperature and vegetation composition). We propose an adjusted temperature (T) response curve for Arctic plants with much stronger T sensitivity than the commonly used algorithms for large-scale modelling. The simulated emission responses to 2 °C warming between the adjusted and original T response curves were evaluated against the observed warming responses (WRs) at short-term scales. Moreover, the model responses to warming by 4 and 8 °C were also investigated as a sensitivity test. The model showed reasonable agreement to the observed vegetation CO2 fluxes in the main growing season as well as day-to-day variability of isoprene and monoterpene emissions. The observed relatively high WRs were better captured by the adjusted T response curve than by the common one. During 1999–2012, the modelled annual mean isoprene and monoterpene emissions were 20 and 8 mg C m−2 yr−1, with an increase by 55 and 57 % for 2 °C summertime warming, respectively. Warming by 4 and 8 °C for the same period further elevated isoprene emission for all years, but the impacts on monoterpene emissions levelled off during the last few years. At hour-day scale, the WRs seem to be strongly impacted by canopy air T, while at the day–year scale, the WRs are a combined effect of plant functional type (PFT) dynamics and instantaneous BVOC responses to warming. The identified challenges in estimating Arctic BVOC emissions are (1) correct leaf T estimation, (2) PFT parameterization accounting for plant emission features as well as physiological responses to warming, and (3) representation of long-term vegetation changes in the past and the future.
De hoge en bijzondere transactie: een pleidooi voor rechterlijke controle op de afdoening buiten geding
Authors: Vriend K.C.J. 
Published: December 2016

De hoge en bijzondere transactie: een pleidooi voor rechterlijke controle op de afdoening buiten geding
In dit artikel zijn de mogelijkheden van rechterlijke controle op de afdoening buiten geding in strafzaken onderzocht. Gepleit wordt voor een aparte raadkamerprocedure voor hoge en bijzondere transacties, waarbij toetsingscriteria werden ontleend aan de jurisprudentie van het EHRM en de internationale straftribunalen. De raadkamer toetst de overeengekomen transactie aan drie criteria. Ten eerste of de verdachte de transactie vrijwillig heeft geaccepteerd. Ten tweede of de verdachte voldoende geïnformeerd is over de procedurele gevolgen en over het bewijs dat tegen hem vergaard is. Ten derde toetst de raadkamer of er prima facie voldoende bewijsmateriaal in het dossier voorhanden is. Een door de raadkamer in het openbaar uitgesproken gemotiveerde beschikking maakt controle mogelijk op het overeenkomen van hoge en bijzondere transacties.
Ontneming in het milieustrafrecht
Authors: Velthuis M. 
Published: December 2016

Ontneming in het milieustrafrecht
Het artikel geeft een overzicht van de gepubliceerde jurisprudentie van opgelegde ontnemingsmaatregelen in het milieustrafrecht en de omstandigheden die de rechter bij de berekening van de hoogte van het ontnemingsbedrag betrekt. Uit de besproken uitspraken blijkt dat de uiteindelijk opgelegde ontnemingsmaatregel soms slechts een fractie betreft van het initieel berekende bedrag in de ontnemingsrapportage. De auteur bepleit een kritische beoordeling van de ontnemingsrapportage en het hanteren van realistische uitgangspunten bij de berekening van wederrechtelijk verkregen voordeel in het milieustrafrecht.
De procespositie van de rechtspersoon in het (milieu)strafrechtelijk vooronderzoek
Authors: Hendriks L.E.M. 
Published: December 2016

De procespositie van de rechtspersoon in het (milieu)strafrechtelijk vooronderzoek
Het is tijd voor bezinning op de procespositie van de rechtspersoon in het vooronderzoek en op de wijze waarop daar in de praktijk mee wordt omgegaan. De keuzes die een natuurlijk persoon kan maken ter bepaling van zijn proceshouding in het vooronderzoek, blijken in de praktijk niet of nauwelijks voorhanden voor de rechtspersoon. Een goede rechtvaardiging daarvoor is – met in het achterhoofd dat het uitgangspunt dat in het vooronderzoek aan de rechtspersoon dezelfde rechten zouden moeten toekomen als aan de natuurlijke persoon – niet aanwezig. Ter illustratie wordt ingegaan op een voorbeeld uit de milieustrafrechtelijke praktijk.
Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber with stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Zhang Hongying , Yuan Zhijun , Liu Ziye , Gao Wei , Dong Yongkang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate the simultaneous and distributed sensing of temperature and strain by combining the Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) and Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) using a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF). The characterization of the birefringence frequency shift of the PM-PCF shows that it remains almost unchanged within the temperature range of 5–80 °C, which allows a temperature-insensitive strain measurement using only the BDG. Combining the BDG and BGS, we demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain with a spatial resolution of 20 cm over a 5-m-long PM-PCF.
Modality Shift Effect in Psychiatric Disorders – a New Look at an Old Paradigm
Authors: Krag P.J. , Licht R.W. , Nielsen R.E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is a long tradition of reaction time studies in experimental psychopathology. Even though a diminishing interest in this paradigm has been seen over the last years, it is in line with more recent biological approaches to examine psychiatric disorders cross-diagnostically.MethodsPatients (n= 95) with a positive subtype of schizophrenia (n= 22), a negative subtype of schizophrenia (n= 18), a full major depressive episode (n= 19), a full manic episode (n= 16), or a mood disorder in remission (n= 20) and subjects with no known psychiatric disorder (n= 30), respectively, participated in a computer-based reaction time test consisting of four trials with 55 short visual and auditory stimuli presented in a random sequence. Each participant’s median reaction time in milliseconds to light stimuli ipsimodal (light preceded by light) and cross-modal (light preceded by tone) and the difference between the two conditions (i.e. cross-modal retardation (CMR) to light) were recorded. Likewise, the median reaction time to tone stimuli ipsimodal and cross-modal and the difference between the two (CMR to tone) were recorded.ResultsPatient groups performed worse than the control group, with the exception of the group of patients with mood disorders in remission in both CMRs. When comparing patient groups, the schizophrenia negative subtype performed worse than the remission group in both CMRs.ConclusionsOur data support newer theories about underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and observable behavioural phenomena occurring across the different diagnostic categories, thereby supporting a dimensional approach in the diagnosis and clinical management.
Toxoplasma-Infected Subjects Report an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Diagnosis More Often and Score Higher in Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory
Authors: Flegr J. , Horáček J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundLatent toxoplasmosis, the life-long presence of dormant stages of Toxoplasma in immunoprivileged organs and of anamnestic IgG antibodies in blood, affects about 30% of humans. Infected subjects have an increased incidence of various disorders, including schizophrenia. Several studies, as well as the character of toxoplasmosis-associated disturbance of neurotransmitters, suggest that toxoplasmosis could also play an etiological role in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).MethodsThe aim of the present cross-sectional study performed on a population of 7471 volunteers was to confirm the association between toxoplasmosis and OCD, and toxoplasmosis and psychological symptoms of OCD estimated by the standard Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R).ResultsIncidence of OCD was 2.18% (n = 39) in men and 2.28% (n = 83) in women. Subjects with toxoplasmosis had about a 2.5 times higher odds of OCD and about a 2.7 times higher odds of learning disabilities. The incidence of 18 other neuropsychiatric disorders did not differ between Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects. The infected subjects, even the OCD-free subjects, scored higher on the OCI-R.Limitations: Examined subjects provided the information about their toxoplasmosis and OCD statuses themselves, which could result in underrating the strength of observed associations.ConclusionsThe results confirmed earlier reports of the association between toxoplasmosis and OCD. They also support recent claims that latent toxoplasmosis is in fact a serious disease with many impacts on quality of life of patients.
Psychosis prediction in Secondary Mental Health Services. a Broad, Comprehensive Approach to the “at Risk Mental State” Syndrome
Authors: Francesconi M. , Minichino A. , Carrión R.E. , Delle Chiaie R. , Bevilacqua A. , Parisi M. , Rullo S. , Bersani F. Saverio , Biondi M. , Cadenhead K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundAccuracy of risk algorithms for psychosis prediction in “at risk mental state” (ARMS) samples may differ according to the recruitment setting. Standardized criteria used to detect ARMS individuals may lack specificity if the recruitment setting is a secondary mental health service. The authors tested a modified strategy to predict psychosis conversion in this setting by using a systematic selection of trait-markers of the psychosis prodrome in a sample with a heterogeneous ARMS status.Methods138 non-psychotic outpatients (aged 17–31) were consecutively recruited in secondary mental health services and followed-up for up to 3 years (mean follow-up time, 2.2 years; SD = 0.9). Baseline ARMS status, clinical, demographic, cognitive, and neurological soft signs measures were collected. Cox regression was used to derive a risk index.Results48% individuals met ARMS criteria (ARMS-Positive, ARMS+). Conversion rate to psychosis was 21% for the overall sample, 34% for ARMS+, and 9% for ARMS-Negative (ARMS−). The final predictor model with a positive predictive validity of 80% consisted of four variables: Disorder of Thought Content, visuospatial/constructional deficits, sensory-integration, and theory-of-mind abnormalities. Removing Disorder of Thought Content from the model only slightly modified the predictive accuracy (−6.2%), but increased the sensitivity (+9.5%).ConclusionsThese results suggest that in a secondary mental health setting the use of trait-markers of the psychosis prodrome may predict psychosis conversion with great accuracy despite the heterogeneity of the ARMS status. The use of the proposed predictive algorithm may enable a selective recruitment, potentially reducing duration of untreated psychosis and improving prognostic outcomes.
Progress in Clinical Neurosciences: Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: Evolving Concepts
Authors: Wilson John X. , Young G. Bryan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Systemic sepsis commonly produces brain dysfunction, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, which can vary from a transient, reversible encephalopathy to irreversible brain damage. The encephalopathy in the acute phase clinically resembles many metabolic encephalopathies: a diffuse disturbance in cerebral function with sparing of the brain stem. The severity of the encephalopathy, as reflected in progressive EEG abnormalities, often precedes then parallels dysfunction in other organs. Recent research has revealed a number of potentially important, non-mutually exclusive, mechanisms that have therapeutic implications.