bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple variations of azygos system of veins: a case report
Authors: Maloor P. , Nayak S. , Reghunathan D. , Shetty S. , Prabhu G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAzygos venous system drains the venous blood from thoracic wall. Knowledge of variations of its course and tributaries is important to cardiothoracic surgeons, radiologists and orthopedic surgeons. We observed the following variations in the azygos veins. Both azygos and hemiazygos veins were formed by union of lumbar azygos and subcostal veins of corresponding sides. The ascending lumbar vein did not drain into the azygos system. The hemiazygos vein had a larger diameter than the lower part of azygos vein and it joined azygos vein at the level of seventh thoracic vertebra. Accessory hemiazygos vein was totally absent. The azygos vein received 4th to 11th right posterior intercostal veins and also received 3rd to 6th left posterior intercostal veins. Hemiazygos vein received 7th to 11th left posterior intercostal veins.
The Effect of the Harmony between Organizational Culture and Values on Job Satisfaction
Authors: Taskiran Erkan , Cetin Canan , Ozdemirci Ata , Aksu Baki , Istoriti Meri 
Published: April 2017

In this study, the effect of the harmony between organizational culture and values on job satisfaction is examined. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to the data, which was obtained from the study conducted on 181 employees working in a private hospital in Istanbul. The result of the analysis shows that value-culture variation in which employees will have the highest job satisfaction is the traditionalist/conservative values-clan culture. The second most successful value-culture variation on job satisfaction is the impulsive/hedonistic values-adhocracy culture. In other words, it is predicted that job satisfaction will be high when an employee with traditionalist/conservative values works in an organization where clan culture is important, and an employee with impulsive/hedonistic values works in an organization where adhocracy culture is important. The most negative impacts on job satisfaction are impulsive/hedonistic values-clan culture and precautionary values-market culture. In other words, it can be said that an employee with impulsive/hedonistic values will be unhappy in clan culture, and an employee with precautionary values will be unhappy in market culture.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: Is it a route for infection in those with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Authors: Mercieca Liam , Pullicino Richard , Camilleri Kyra , Abela Rodianne , Mangion Sean Apap , Cassar Julian , Zammit Matthew , Gatt Christine , Deguara Christopher , Barbara Christopher , Fsadni Peter , Montefort Stephen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), with limited data about the prevalence of respiratory infections and microbial colonization in these patients.
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if CPAP use is associated with respiratory infections and to identify the organisms that colonize or infect these patients.
Method A retrospective, case-controlled study in patients diagnosed with OSA was carried out. 137 patients were recruited and interviewed using a questionnaire. A nasal swab was taken from each patient. Patients using CPAP machines had swabs taken from masks and humidifiers.
Results 66 (48.2%) patients received CPAP treatment with 60.6% of them having a heated humidifier. 78.8% were male, with the majority using a full face mask (63.6%). No significant difference was seen in the prevalence of rhinosinusitis, lower respiratory tract infections and hospital admissions for pneumonia between CPAP and non-CPAP treated patients. The presence of a humidifier did not influence the prevalence of infections. Commensal flora was predominantly cultured from nasal swabs from both patient groups. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and Diphtheroids were the main organisms cultured from masks and humidifiers respectively.
Conclusions This study shows that the use of CPAP, choice of mask and humidifier have no significant impact on the prevalence of infections and micro-organisms isolated. This is very reassuring to the physician prescribing CPAP therapy and users.
Neurocognitive Game between Risk Factors, Sleep and Suicidal Behaviour
Authors: Etindele Sosso Faustin Armel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction Sleep and lifestyles interact to allow the appropriate development of cerebral structures, and prevention of mood disorders. But just a hand of articles identified a precise relationship between these two above, and the probability to develop a suicidal behaviour.
Objective The aim of this study is to explore how the suicidal behaviour is associated in simultaneous with sleep components, psychological stress, depression, anxiety, well-being, addiction, and global health of participants; and if it is also influenced by the sociodemographic profile of each subject.
Methods The present study was led by a questionnaire incorporating McNair test, and an incorporated score to evaluate suicide tendencies. The questionnaire also included socio-demographic items and other questions to exhibit a profile of suicide tendency for each individual.
Results Our results showed that the stress levels and well-being are comparable according to gender. Specifically the results showed that lack of sleep combined with a low score to McNair test strongly affects the suicidal tendency, while score of memory and attention decreased.
Conclusions The suicidal behaviour is closely linked with sleep parameters which decreased accordingly, and the family's history of medication and suicidal behaviour.
Des agents locaux aux prises avec une catégorie floue d’action publique. Enquête sur la « santé publique » dans une commune populaire de la banlieue parisienne
Authors: Mariette Audrey 
Published: April 2017

À partir d’une enquête menée dans une commune populaire de la banlieue parisienne, cet article porte sur le travail des agents intermédiaires, municipaux et associatifs, responsables des politiques locales de « santé publique ». Ni professionnels de santé, ni travailleurs sociaux, ces agents – majoritairement des femmes, « cheffes de projet » ou « chargées de mission » – se situent entre les élites administratives et les agents subalternes. Il s’agit d’étudier la façon dont elles définissent et investissent cette catégorie qu’est la santé publique, qui fait objet de luttes, dans un contexte marqué par les réformes de l’État social et la « territorialisation » de l’action publique. En analysant leurs positions et dispositions, on montre comment ces agents aux missions floues et aux compétences hybrides, sont confrontés à des conditions d’emploi et de travail précaires et instables qui jouent sur leur manière de faire de la « santé publique » à l’échelle locale. La mise en cohérence de leurs pratiques, notamment par les chiffres, permet à ces salariées à cheval entre espaces municipal et associatif de créer de l’unité et de faire face à l’incertitude des financements. Tout en les critiquant, elles s’approprient les logiques de gestion venues des sommets de l’État – celles du « nouveau » management public et de la politique de la ville – pour pouvoir maintenir leurs activités, en cohérence avec leur engagement en faveur de la « santé communautaire » et de la « participation des habitants ».
La parole en action selon la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée
Authors: Ben Romdhane Samar 
Published: April 2017

Il semble difficile d’avoir accès à un document qui donne des repères clairs et précis quant au déroulement d’une méthodologie par théorisation enracinée à partir d’un corpus de discours conversationnels. Un tel manque risque de décourager toute recherche aspirant à faire de la théorisation enracinée à partir de données qui ne correspondent pas aux points de vue des acteurs, mais plutôt à leurs échanges et interactions. D’où l’originalité de la démarche décrite dans ce texte qui propose une illustration concrète de l’utilisation de la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée dans le but de mieux comprendre le processus des acteurs sociaux (individuels et collectifs) qui rendent publiques leurs prises de position à propos d’une question éthico-politique. Nous explicitons dans la première partie de cet article l’exercice de réflexion qui nous a permis d’interroger les enjeux posés par la méthodologie adoptée. Dans la deuxième partie, nous abordons deux aspects qui nous ont permis d’explorer l’expérience discursive de la confrontation de points de vue antagonistes : la sélection d’un site (les auditions publiques en commission parlementaire) et l’échantillonnage à l’intérieur de ce site (les cas analysés). Enfin, nous exposons les opérations de codage et de catégorisation conduites à l’aide du logiciel d’aide à l’analyse de données qualitatives QSR NVivo pour montrer ce que l’exploitation de ce logiciel a apporté à notre démarche en permettant d’établir des liens entre des données de l’ordre de la parole publique où sont confrontés des points de vue opposés et en les organisant pour progressivement en arriver à une théorisation.
Monitoring and projecting snow on Hawaii Island
Authors: Zhang Chunxi , Hamilton Kevin , Wang Yuqing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe highest mountain peaks on Hawaii Island are snow covered for part of almost every year. This snow has aesthetic and recreational value as well as cultural significance for residents and visitors. Thus far there have been almost no systematic observations of snowfall, snow cover, or snow depth in Hawaii. Here we use satellite observations to construct a daily index of Hawaii Island snow cover starting from 2000. The seasonal mean of our index displays large interannual variations that are correlated with the seasonal mean freezing level and frequency of trade wind inversions as determined from nearby balloon soundings. Our snow cover index provides a diagnostic for monitoring climate variability and trends within the extensive area of the globe dominated by the North Pacific trade wind meteorological regime. We have also conducted simulations of the Hawaii climate with a regional atmospheric model. Retrospective simulations for 1990–2015 were run with boundary conditions prescribed from gridded observational analyses. Simulations for the end of 21st century employed boundary conditions based on global climate model projections that included standard scenarios for anticipated anthropogenic climate forcing. The future projections indicate that snowfall will nearly disappear by the end of the current century.
Revisiting summertime hot extremes in China during 1961–2015: Overlooked compound extremes and significant changes
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhai Panmao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSummertime hot extremes in China are categorized into three distinct types, i.e., independent hot days, independent hot nights, and compound events, based on differing configurations between daily maximum and minimum temperature. Linear trends for multiple indictors of these subtypes and traditionally defined hot days/nights exhibited remarkable differences in significance, magnitude, and even sign, especially for events involving daytime extremes. Thus, some significant changes masked in conventional analyses are successfully uncovered. Particularly, the dominance of independent hot days has decayed significantly, accompanied by a rapid boom of compound events and/or independent hot nights in different regions. These nighttime‐accentuated hot extremes have exhibited significant increases in duration, intensity, and spatial extent, with much stronger trends detected in severest events.
IMF dependence of energetic oxygen and hydrogen ion distributions in the near‐Earth magnetosphere
Authors: Luo H. , Kronberg E. A. , Nykyri K. , Trattner K. J. , Daly P. W. , Chen G. X. , Du A. M. , Ge Y. S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnergetic ion distributions in the near‐Earth plasma sheet can provide important information for understanding the entry of ions into the magnetosphere and their transportation, acceleration, and losses in the near‐Earth region. In this study, 11 years of energetic proton and oxygen observations (> ~274 keV) from Cluster/Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors were used to statistically study the energetic ion distributions in the near‐Earth region. The dawn‐dusk asymmetries of the distributions in three different regions (dayside magnetosphere, near‐Earth nightside plasma sheet, and tail plasma sheet) are examined in Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The results show that the energetic ion distributions are influenced by the dawn‐dusk interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction. The enhancement of ion intensity largely correlates with the location of the magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause. The results imply that substorm‐related acceleration processes in the magnetotail are not the only source of energetic ions in the dayside and the near‐Earth magnetosphere. Energetic ions delivered through reconnection at the magnetopause significantly affect the energetic ion population in the magnetosphere. We also believe that the influence of the dawn‐dusk IMF direction should not be neglected in models of the particle population in the magnetosphere.
A new observational solar irradiance composite
Authors: Haberreiter Margit , Schöll Micha , Dudok de Wit Thierry , Kretzschmar Matthieu , Misios Stergios , Tourpali Kleareti , Schmutz Werner 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVariations in the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) are an important driver of the chemistry, temperature, and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere and ultimately the Earth's climate. To investigate the detailed response of the Earth's atmosphere to SSI variations, a reliable SSI data set is needed. We present an observational SSI composite data set that is based on 20 instruments and has been built by using probabilistic approach that takes into account the scale‐dependent uncertainty of each available SSI observation. We compare the variability of this new composite with available SSI reconstructions and discuss the respective modeled responses in the Earth's atmosphere. As the composite is based on purely statistical means, we consider it as a valuable independent data set.
Physical mechanisms for multiphase flow associated with hydrate formation
Authors: Behseresht Javad , Bryant Steven L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMany Arctic hydrate reservoirs such as those of the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk River area on the Alaska North Slope (ANS) are believed originally to be natural gas accumulations converted to hydrate accumulations after being placed in the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) in response to ancient climate cooling. In this work, the implications of a previously described mechanistic model for the transport of gaseous and aqueous phases are studied using a transient 1‐D transport model during the conversion of a gas reservoir to a hydrate reservoir. The mechanistic model predicts/explains the vertical profile of hydrate saturation in “converted free gas” hydrate reservoirs. The initial gas phase saturation with depth is estimated from the profile of capillary entry pressure, which is estimated from grain size distributions measured in cores. The gas accumulation is assumed to be disconnected from its original source so that methane transport occurs only within it. As the base of the GHSZ descends through the sediment, hydrate forms within the GHSZ. The net volume reduction associated with hydrate formation creates a “sink” which drives flow of gaseous and aqueous phases to the hydrate formation zone. Mechanisms by which this fluid movement could have occurred are analyzed. Flow driven by saturation gradients plays a key role in creating reservoirs of large hydrate saturations, as observed in Mount Elbert stratigraphic test well in the Milne Point Unit of Alaska North Slope (ANS). Viscous‐dominated pressure‐driven flow of gaseous and aqueous phases cannot explain large hydrate saturations originated from large‐saturation gas accumulations. The mode of hydrate formation for a wide range of rate of hydrate formation, the rate of descent of the base of GHSZ, and host sediment characteristics are analyzed and characterized based on dimensionless groups. The proposed transport model is also consistent with field data from hydrate‐bearing sand units in Mount Elbert well. Results show that not only the petrophysical properties of the host sediment but also the rate of hydrate formation and the rate of temperature cooling at the surface contribute greatly to the final hydrate saturation profiles.
Slow and fast ruptures on a laboratory fault controlled by loading characteristics
Authors: Mclaskey Gregory C. , Yamashita Futoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent geodetic observations indicate that a single fault may slip slowly and silently or fast and seismically in different circumstances. We report laboratory experiments that demonstrate how the mode of faulting can alternate between fast “stick‐slip” events (70 to ~500 mm/s sliding rates) and slow silent events (~0.001 to 30 mm/s) as a result of loading conditions rather than friction properties or stiffness of the loading machine. The 760 mm long granite sample is close to the critical nucleation length scale for unstable slip, so small variations in nucleation properties result in measurable differences in slip events. Slow events occur when instability cannot fully nucleate before reaching the sample ends. Dynamic events occur after long healing times or abrupt increases in loading rate which suggests that these factors shrink the spatial and temporal extents of the nucleation zone. Arrays of slip, strain, and ground motion sensors installed on the sample allow us to quantify seismic coupling and study details of premonitory slip and afterslip. We find that seismic coupling decreases when slip rates fall below about 70 mm/s. The slow slip events we observe are primarily aseismic (less than 1% of the seismic coupling of faster events) and produce swarms of very small M −6 to M −8 events. These mechanical and seismic interactions suggest that faults with transitional behavior—where creep, small earthquakes, and tremor are often observed—could become seismically coupled if loaded rapidly, either by a slow slip front or dynamic rupture of an earthquake that nucleated elsewhere.
Vaporization of fault water during seismic slip
Authors: Chen Jianye , Niemeijer André R. , Fokker Peter A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLaboratory and numerical studies, as well as field observations, indicate that phase transitions of pore water might be an important process in large earthquakes. We present a model of the thermo‐hydro‐chemo‐mechanical processes, including a two‐phase mixture model to incorporate the phase transitions of pore water, occurring during fast slip (i.e., a natural earthquake) in order to investigate the effects of vaporization on the coseismic slip. Using parameters from typical natural faults, our modeling shows that vaporization can indeed occur at the shallow depths of an earthquake, irrespective of the wide variability of the parameters involved (sliding velocity, friction coefficient, gouge permeability and porosity, and shear‐induced dilatancy). Due to the fast kinetics, water vaporization can cause a rapid slip weakening even when the hydrological conditions of the fault zone are not favorable for thermal pressurization, e.g., when permeability is high. At the same time, the latent heat associated with the phase transition causes the temperature rise in the slip zone to be buffered. Our parametric analyses reveal that the amount of frictional work is the principal factor controlling the onset and activity of vaporization and that it can easily be achieved in earthquakes. Our study shows that coseismic pore fluid vaporization might have played important roles at shallow depths of large earthquakes by enhancing slip weakening and buffering the temperature rise. The combined effects may provide an alternative explanation for the fact that low‐temperature anomalies were measured in the slip zones at shallow depths of large earthquakes.
Isopycnal eddy mixing across the Kuroshio Extension: Stable versus unstable states in an eddying model
Authors: Chen Ru , Gille Sarah T. , McClean Julie L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Kuroshio Extension (KE) jet transitions between stable and unstable states on interannual time scales. Cross‐jet eddy mixing in the two states is contrasted in the KE region (
), using a global eddying
configuration of the Parallel Ocean Program with online numerical particles. The 4 year period chosen (June 1994 to May 1998) covers a full cycle of the stable state, unstable state and the transition period. Large values of cross‐jet eddy diffusivities within the KE jet are concentrated in the upper 1000 m. In the upper ocean, elevated cross‐jet mixing within the KE jet is mainly concentrated in the downstream part of the KE jet, where the jet is weak but eddy activity is strong. The simulated time‐mean KE jet is more intense and extends further east in the stable state than in the unstable state. Consequently, strong cross‐jet mixing within the KE jet is located west of
E during June 1996 to May 1997 (a typical unstable state), but east of
during June 1995 to May 1996 (a typical stable state). However, average mixing within the KE jet is indistinguishable in the typical stable and unstable states. In the deep ocean, mixing is strongly influenced by topography, and thus their horizontal structures have less inter‐annual variability than in the upper ocean. One caveat is that results here cover one representative cycle of the two states. To obtain the climate mean mixing structures for the stable or unstable state, one would need numerical output covering a period much longer than 4 years.
Warm water pathways toward Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier, Northeast Greenland
Authors: Schaffer Janin , von Appen Wilken‐Jon , Dodd Paul A. , Hofstede Coen , Mayer Christoph , de Steur Laura , Kanzow Torsten 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier (79NG) is the largest of three marine‐terminating outlet glaciers draining the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream. To understand how Atlantic waters supply waters in the cavity beneath the floating 79NG, we analyze historic and recent bathymetric, hydrographic, and velocity observations obtained on the Northeast Greenland continental shelf. The bathymetry is characterized by a trough system, consisting of the Westwind Trough and the Norske Trough in the northern and southern part of the continental shelf, respectively. Atlantic waters recirculating in Fram Strait cross the shelf break and enter the trough system at its southeastern inlet toward the inner shelf. Warm Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) present below 200 m in the Norske Trough shows large contributions of the recirculating Atlantic water. We found that the bathymetry is sufficiently deep to provide a direct subsurface pathway for warm AIW between the shelf break and the 79NG cavity via the Norske Trough. Likewise, based on the hydrographic data, we show that the Norske Trough supplies AIW warmer than 1°C to the 79NG, which is not present in the Westwind Trough. Our moored and lowered velocity measurements indicate that a boundary current carries warm AIW along the northeastern slope of Norske Trough toward the 79NG. We suggest that anomalies in Atlantic water temperatures in Fram Strait could reach 79NG within less than 1.5 years, thereby modifying the glacier's basal melt rates.