bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsatisfactory exfoliative anal cytology samples, 15‐year experience with histologic, cytologic, and molecular follow‐up
Authors: Khattab Ruba , McMeekin Emily , Taege Alan J. , Hekman James M. , Brainard Jennifer A. , Underwood Dawn , Procop Gary W. , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe incidence of anal carcinoma has risen in recent decades. Exfoliative cytology screening of selected high risk patients is performed in many centers. Unsatisfactory cytology results are frustrating to patients, clinicians, and laboratorians. The aim of this study is to ascertain outcomes of patients with non‐diagnostic anal cytology.MethodsA retrospective review of anal cytology testing performed at the Cleveland Clinic between 01/01/2001 and 12/31/2015 was performed. All cases were received as liquid‐based samples and processed as ThinPreps (Hologic, Marlborough, MA). Co‐testing for HR‐HPV DNA was performed using Hybrid Capture 2® (Qiagen, Germantown, MD) in the majority of patients.ResultsOf 1,276 ThinPrep anal cytology samples, 130 (10%) were deemed unsatisfactory. 77% of patients were HIV positive. 85% were males. Of the unsatisfactory cases, 116 (89%) were co‐tested for HR‐HPV DNA. Of those, 40 patients (34%) had a simultaneous positive HR‐HPV DNA. Adequate follow up cytology within a one year and a two year period revealed that 18/130 (14%) and 26/130 (20%) of patients had ASC or SIL respectively. Histologic follow‐up within one and two years showed 3 patients (2%) and 8 patients (6%) with HSIL or worse.ConclusionsHigh risk patients with unsatisfactory anal cytology are not “negative”. At least one‐third proved to be concomitantly HR‐HPV DNA positive with one‐fifth showing subsequent cytologic squamous abnormalities and with more than 5% being diagnosed with a high grade intraepithelial lesion within two years. Prompt repeat cytology and/or HR‐HPV DNA is recommended for high risk patients with non‐diagnostic cytology.
Low triglyceride as a marker for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with long‐term type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional survey in China
Authors: Ren Yanfeng , Ren Qian , Lu Juming , Guo Xiaohui , Huo Xiaoxu , Ji Linong , Yang Xilin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere are inconsistent findings regarding associations between triglyceride levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to test whether the association between triglycerides and CVD depends upon duration of diabetes.MethodsFrom April 1, 2012, to June 30, 2012, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 223 612 patients with T2DM from 630 hospitals in China. Cardiovascular disease was defined as having either prior coronary heart disease or stroke, or diabetic foot. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of triglyceride for CVD. Relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction, and synergy index were used to estimate effect size of additive interaction between low triglyceride, ie, <1.7 mmol/L, and duration of diabetes, ie, ≥15 years.ResultsAmong 223 612 T2DM patients, 31 898 (14.27%) suffered from CVD. A low level of triglyceride was associated with decreased risk of CVD (univariable OR, 0.91, 95% CI, 0.88‐0.93; multivariable OR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.92‐0.97) among patients with <15 years of duration of diabetes but increased risk of CVD (univariable OR, 1.12, 95% CI, 1.04‐1.21; multivariable OR, 1.18, 95% CI, 1.09‐1.27) among those patients with 15 and more years of duration of diabetes with significant additive interactions (relative excess risk due to interaction, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.25‐0.52; attributable proportion due to interaction, 0.20, 95% CI, 0.14‐0.27; and synergy index, 1.80, 95% CI, 1.43‐2.28).ConclusionsWhereas a high triglyceride level was associated with increased risk of CVD in short‐term T2DM, low triglyceride was associated with increased CVD risk in long‐term T2DM. Low triglyceride may be a marker of CVD risk in Chinese patients with long‐term T2DM.
Energy determines broad pattern of plant distribution in Western Himalaya
Authors: Panda Rajendra M. , Behera Mukunda Dev , Roy Partha S. , Biradar Chandrashekhar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeveral factors describe the broad pattern of diversity in plant species distribution. We explore these determinants of species richness in Western Himalayas using high‐resolution species data available for the area to energy, water, physiography and anthropogenic disturbance. The floral data involves 1279 species from 1178 spatial locations and 738 sample plots of a national database. We evaluated their correlation with 8‐environmental variables, selected on the basis of correlation coefficients and principal component loadings, using both linear (structural equation model) and nonlinear (generalised additive model) techniques. There were 645 genera and 176 families including 815 herbs, 213 shrubs, 190 trees, and 61 lianas. The nonlinear model explained the maximum deviance of 67.4% and showed the dominant contribution of climate on species richness with a 59% share. Energy variables (potential evapotranspiration and temperature seasonality) explained the deviance better than did water variables (aridity index and precipitation of the driest quarter). Temperature seasonality had the maximum impact on the species richness. The structural equation model confirmed the results of the nonlinear model but less efficiently. The mutual influences of the climatic variables were found to affect the predictions of the model significantly. To our knowledge, the 67.4% deviance found in the species richness pattern is one of the highest values reported in mountain studies. Broadly, climate described by water–energy dynamics provides the best explanation for the species richness pattern. Both modeling approaches supported the same conclusion that energy is the best predictor of species richness. The dry and cold conditions of the region account for the dominant contribution of energy on species richness.
Individual size variation reduces spatial variation in abundance of tree community assemblage, not of tree populations
Authors: Wang Hua‐Feng , Xu Meng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractResearch on individual trait variation has gained much attention because of its implication for ecosystem functions and community ecology. The effect of individual variation on population and community abundance (number of individuals) variation remains scarcely tested. Using two established ecological scaling laws (Taylor's law and abundance–size relationship), we derived a new scaling relationship between the individual size variation and spatial variation of abundance. Tested against multi‐plot tree data from Diaoluo Mountain tropical forest in Hainan, China, the new scaling relationship showed that individual size variation reduced the spatial variation of community assemblage abundance, but not of taxon‐specific population abundance. The different responses of community and population to individual variation were reflected by the validity of the abundance–size relationship. We tested and confirmed this scaling framework using two measures of individual tree size: aboveground biomass and diameter at breast height. Using delta method and height‐diameter allometry, we derived the analytic relation of scaling exponents estimated under different individual size measures. In addition, we used multiple regression models to analyze the effect of taxon richness on the relationship between individual size variation and spatial variation of population or community abundance, for taxon‐specific and taxon‐mixed data, respectively. This work offers empirical evidence and a scaling framework for the negative effect of individual trait variation on spatial variation of plant community. It has implications for forest ecosystem and management where the role of individual variation in regulating population or community spatial variation is important but understudied.
Disturbance‐modulated symbioses in termitophily
Authors: Monteiro Ivan , Viana‐Junior Arleu Barbosa , de Castro Solar Ricardo Ribeiro , de Siqueira Neves Frederico , DeSouza Og 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSymbiosis, the living‐together of unlike organisms, underlies every major transition in evolution and pervades most ecological dynamics. Among examples of symbioses, the simultaneous occupation of a termite nest by its builder termites and intruding invertebrate species (so‐called termitophily) provides suitable macroscopic scenarios for the study of species coexistence in confined environments. Current evidence on termitophily abounds for dynamics occurring at the interindividual level within the termitarium, but is insufficient for broader scales such as the community and the landscape. Here, we inspect the effects of abiotic disturbance on termitophile presence and function in termitaria at these broader scales. To do so, we censused the termitophile communities inhabiting 30 termitaria of distinct volumes which had been exposed to increasing degrees of fire‐induced disturbance in a savanna‐like ecosystem in southeastern Brazil. We provide evidence that such an abiotic disturbance can ease the living‐together of termitophiles and termites. Putative processes facilitating these symbioses, however, varied according to the invader. For nonsocial invaders, disturbance seemed to boost coexistence with termites via the habitat amelioration that termitaria provided under wildfire, as suggested by the positive correlation between disturbance degree and termitophile abundance and richness. As for social invaders (ants), disturbance seemed to enhance associational defenses with termites, as suggested by the negative correlation between the presence of ant colonies and the richness and abundance of other termitarium‐cohabiting termitophiles. It is then apparent that disturbance‐modulated distinct symbioses in these termite nests.
A high‐throughput FTIR spectroscopy approach to assess adaptive variation in the chemical composition of pollen
Authors: Zimmermann Boris , Bağcıoğlu Murat , Tafinstseva Valeria , Kohler Achim , Ohlson Mikael , Fjellheim Siri 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe two factors defining male reproductive success in plants are pollen quantity and quality, but our knowledge about the importance of pollen quality is limited due to methodological constraints. Pollen quality in terms of chemical composition may be either genetically fixed for high performance independent of environmental conditions, or it may be plastic to maximize reproductive output under different environmental conditions. In this study, we validated a new approach for studying the role of chemical composition of pollen in adaptation to local climate. The approach is based on high‐throughput Fourier infrared (FTIR) characterization and biochemical interpretation of pollen chemical composition in response to environmental conditions. The study covered three grass species, Poa alpina, Anthoxanthum odoratum, and Festuca ovina. For each species, plants were grown from seeds of three populations with wide geographic and climate variation. Each individual plant was divided into four genetically identical clones which were grown in different controlled environments (high and low levels of temperature and nutrients). In total, 389 samples were measured using a high‐throughput FTIR spectrometer. The biochemical fingerprints of pollen were species and population specific, and plastic in response to different environmental conditions. The response was most pronounced for temperature, influencing the levels of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in pollen of all species. Furthermore, there is considerable variation in plasticity of the chemical composition of pollen among species and populations. The use of high‐throughput FTIR spectroscopy provides fast, cheap, and simple assessment of the chemical composition of pollen. In combination with controlled‐condition growth experiments and multivariate analyses, FTIR spectroscopy opens up for studies of the adaptive role of pollen that until now has been difficult with available methodology. The approach can easily be extended to other species and environmental conditions and has the potential to significantly increase our understanding of plant male function.
Evolution in the design of a low sheath‐flow interface for CE‐MS and application to biological samples
Authors: González‐Ruiz Víctor , Codesido Santiago , Rudaz Serge , Schappler Julie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough several interfaces for CE‐MS hyphenation are commercially available, the development of new versatile, simple and yet efficient and sensitive alternatives remains an important field of research. In a previous work, a simple low sheath‐flow interface was developed from inexpensive parts. This interface features a design easy to build, maintain, and adapt to particular needs. The present work introduces an improved design of the previous interface. By reducing the diameter of the separation capillary and the emitter, a smaller Taylor cone is spontaneously formed, minimizing the zone dispersion while the analytes go through the interface and leading to less peak broadening associated to the ESI process. Numerical modeling allowed studying the mixing and diffusion processes taking place in the Taylor cone. The analytical performance of this new interface was tested with pharmaceutically relevant molecules and endogenous metabolites. The interface was eventually applied to the analysis of neural cell culture samples, allowing the identification of a panel of neurotransmission‐related molecules. An excellent migration time repeatability was obtained (intra‐day RSD <0.5% for most compounds, and <3.0% for inter‐day precision). Most metabolites showed S/N ratios >10 with an injected volume of 6.7 nL of biological extract.
Gypsum board failure model based on cardboard behaviour
Authors: Lázaro D. , Puente E. , Peña J. , Alvear D. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study aims to analyse the importance of gypsum plasterboard cardboard for fire resistance. A new hypothesis considering the failure based on the cardboard degradation is defined. This hypothesis comes from the thermal analysis of gypsum and cardboard performed in the simultaneous thermal analysis apparatus. Simultaneous thermal analysis results also allow defining the dehydration process of the gypsum. A numerical model that considers gypsum dehydration and the failure hypothesis has been developed by using Fire Dynamic Simulator. This numerical model is validated against 6 fire resistance tests. Results show that we can appropriately tune the numerical model (for predicting time to failure) based on the thermal properties of cardboard.
T‐cell responses against rhinovirus species A and C in asthmatic and healthy children
Authors: Gaido Cibele M. , Granland Caitlyn , Laing Ingrid A. , Le Souëf Peter N. , Thomas Wayne R. , Currie Andrew J. , Hales Belinda J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundInfections by rhinovirus (RV) species A and C are the most common causes of exacerbations of asthma and a major cause of exacerbations of other acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Infections by both species are prevalent in pre‐school and school‐aged children and, particularly for RV‐C, can cause severe symptoms and a need for hospitalization. While associations between RV infection and asthma are well established, the adaptive immune‐mechanisms by which RV infections influence asthma exacerbations are yet to be defined.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize and compare T‐cell responses between RV‐A and RV‐C and to test the hypothesis that T‐cell responses would differ between asthmatic children and healthy controls.MethodsA multi‐parameter flow cytometry assay was used to characterize the in vitro recall T‐cell response against RV‐A and RV‐C in PBMCs from children with acute asthma (n = 22) and controls (n = 26). The responses were induced by pools of peptides containing species‐specific VP1 epitopes of RV‐A and RV‐C.ResultsRegardless of children's clinical status, all children that responded to the in vitro stimulation (>90%) had a similar magnitude of CD4+ T‐cell responses to RV‐A and RV‐C. However, asthmatic children had a significantly lower number of circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and healthy controls had significantly more Tregs induced by RV‐A than RV‐C.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe comparable recall memory T‐cell responses in asthmatic and control children to both RV‐A and RV‐C show that differences in the antibody and inflammatory responses previously described are likely to be due to regulation, with a demonstrated candidate being reduced regulatory T‐cells. The reduced Treg numbers demonstrated here could explain the asthmatic's inability to appropriately control immunopathological responses to RV infections.
Field Comparison of Infiltration in Conventional and Alternate Furrow Irrigation under Various Initial and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Dialameh Babak , Parsinejad Masoud , Ebrahimian Hamed , Mokhtari Ali 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two‐dimensional infiltration on management of conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) and alternate furrow irrigation (AFI). For this purpose, 48 infiltration tests were carried out in CFI and AFI under two different irrigation intervals (4 and 9 days) with two different water heads (5 and 10 cm). The results indicated that under higher water head and lower initial water content, cumulative infiltration is increased by up to 102 and 62% in CFI and by up to 106 and 54% in AFI, respectively. Moreover, by increasing the water head, the lateral infiltration in CFI and AFI increased by 5 and 4.5 times, respectively. For a lower initial water content, lateral infiltration can increase by up to 96 and 53% in CFI and AFI, respectively. In all cases, cumulative and lateral infiltrations in AFI were greater than in CFI. Furthermore, the relative lateral infiltration in AFI was more than CFI. In both CFI and AFI, the relative lateral infiltration increased for increased water head and extended irrigation intervals. Application of AFI with higher water heads and extended irrigation intervals can lead to increased lateral infiltration and decreased deep percolation, which will ultimately result in improved irrigation efficiency. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MiR‐137 inhibited inflammatory response and apoptosis after spinal cord injury via targeting of MK2
Authors: Gao Lin , Dai Chenfei , Feng Zhiping , Zhang Lixin , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpinal cord injuries are common and troublesome disorder, which is mediated by various signal pathways and mechanisms. MK2 is also involved in numerous inflammatory diseases including spinal cord injury. The role of microRNA‐137 (miR‐137) and its detailed working mechanism in spinal cord injuries remain unclear. In the present study, we found that an elevated MK2 but a decreased miR‐137 was expressed in serum specimens of patients with spinal cord injury and in hydrogen peroxide‐treated C8‐D1A and C8‐B4 cells. Meanwhile, we suggested that upregulation of miR‐137 could inhibit the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐6, two markers of inflammatory response after SCI, and apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide‐treated C8‐D1A and C8‐B4 cells. Furthermore, we verified that MK2 was a direct target of miR‐137 thorough a constructed luciferase assay. Even further, we elucidated that miR‐137 could suppress the inflammatory response and apoptosis via negative regulation of MK2. Finally, through an animal model trial performed using mice, we demonstrated the protective effect of how miR‐137 works on inflammatory response and apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Considering all the forementioned, our findings revealed that miR‐137 inhibited inflammatory response and apoptosis after spinal cord injury via the targeting of MK2. The outcomes of the present study might indicate a new target in molecular treatment of SCI.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0003221 (circPTK2) promotes the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Xu Zhen‐Qiang , Yang Ming‐Gen , Liu Hong‐Jie , Su Chen‐Qiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEmerging studies have shown that circular RNAs could be ideal biomarkers and even potential therapeutic targets for some tumors, including bladder cancer. However, only a few studies have investigated the circular RNAs in human bladder cancer. The key circular RNA molecules are closely related to bladder cancer and their roles remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated a novel circular RNA molecule, hsa‐circ‐0003221(circPTK2), which is differentially expressed in bladder carcinoma. Significant differential expression levels of circPTK2 were confirmed with quantitative PCR in 40 pairs of tissue and blood samples from patients with bladder carcinoma. Moreover, circPTK2 levels both in tissue and blood were significantly correlated with several clinicopathologic characteristics, including poor differentiation (P = 0.0103 in tissue, P = 0.024 in blood), N2‐N3 lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0065 in tissue, P = 0.016 in blood), and T(II–III–IV) stage (P = 0.008 in tissue, P = 0.0003 in blood). Quantitative PCR results confirmed that circPTK2 is highly expressed in migrated cells separated by Transwell assay and in metastatic lymph nodes of tumors transplanted in nude mice. In vitro silence of circPTK2 by small interfering RNA inhibited the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells. On the contrary, circPTK2 overexpression promoted proliferation and migration. This study showed that circPTK2 promotes proliferation and migration of cells and may be a novel potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer diagnosis and therapy.
MTA1 promotes viability and motility in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by modulating IQGAP1 expression
Authors: Lu Baocai , Lian Rong , Wu Zhiyan , Miao Wenjie , Li Xiao , Li Jin , Shi Yongjuan , Yu Wenfa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is frequently seen in Chinese, especially the population that resides in southeast China. Metastasis‐associated protein 1 (MTA1) is a chromatin modifier and plays a role in tumor cell metastasis. IQGAP1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that contributes to cytoskeleton remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the role of MTA1 and IQGAP1 in NPC malignant transformation. MTA1 and IQGAP1 expression in NPC (n = 43) and control tissues (n = 31) were detected using qRT‐PCR, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry. MTA1 was overexpressed in CNE‐1 and CNE‐2 cell line by pcDNA3.1/MTA1 transfection. Dominant‐negative p53 was transfected to inhibit p53 activity. si‐IQGAP1 or dominant‐negative IQGAP1 (IQGAP1ΔGRD) was used to suppress IQGAP1 activity. Cell proliferation was measured by CKK‐8 assay. Cell migration was evaluated by Transwell assay. The results showed that MTA1 and IQGAP1 were highly expressed in NPC tissues compared with the controls. Forced expression of MTA1 accelerated cell proliferation and migration and upregulated IQGAP1 expression in a p53‐independent way. Knockdown of IQGAP1 or transfection of dominant‐negative IQGAP1 impeded tumor cell proliferation and migration as well as PI3K/Akt signaling induced by MTA1. In conclusion, MTA1 participates in NPC malignant transformation via regulating IQGAP1 expression and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.