bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mise en forme et objet du savoir géographique dans une compilation du XVIe siècle : les Navigationi et viaggi de Giovanni Battista Ramusio
Authors: Lejosne Fiona 
Published: June 2017

La publication du recueil des Navigationi et viaggi en trois volumes à Venise entre 1550 et 1559 est considérée comme un événement fondateur dans l’histoire de la géographie moderne. Le compilateur Ramusio cherche à y décrire l’œkoumène par les textes – dont des récits de voyage, des lettres et des relations officielles. Cet article interroge les intentions et les enjeux d’un tel projet à travers une analyse de la forme compilatoire et de la représentation du savoir géographique par les textes. L’étude des choix de mise en forme et des objectifs fixés au recueil des Navigationi et viaggi fait état de la conviction d’une complémentarité fondamentale entre les différents savoirs, et entre les différentes modalités de représentations des savoirs
Does the Flipped Classroom Improve Learning in Graduate Medical Education?
Authors: Riddell Jeff , Jhun Paul , Fung Cha-Chi , Comes James , Sawtelle Stacy , Tabatabai Ramin , Joseph Daniel , Shoenberger Jan , Chen Esther , Fee Christopher , Swadron Stuart P. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
The flipped classroom model for didactic education has recently gained popularity in medical education; however, there is a paucity of performance data showing its effectiveness for knowledge gain in graduate medical education.

Objective
We assessed whether a flipped classroom module improves knowledge gain compared with a standard lecture.

Methods
We conducted a randomized crossover study in 3 emergency medicine residency programs. Participants were randomized to receive a 50-minute lecture from an expert educator on one subject and a flipped classroom module on the other. The flipped classroom included a 20-minute at-home video and 30 minutes of in-class case discussion. The 2 subjects addressed were headache and acute low back pain. A pretest, immediate posttest, and 90-day retention test were given for each subject.

Results
Of 82 eligible residents, 73 completed both modules. For the low back pain module, mean test scores were not significantly different between the lecture and flipped classroom formats. For the headache module, there were significant differences in performance for a given test date between the flipped classroom and the lecture format. However, differences between groups were less than 1 of 10 examination items, making it difficult to assign educational importance to the differences.

Conclusions
In this crossover study comparing a single flipped classroom module with a standard lecture, we found mixed statistical results for performance measured by multiple-choice questions. As the differences were small, the flipped classroom and lecture were essentially equivalent.
Comparison of different ways of computing grades in continuous assessment into the final grade
Authors: Marin-Garcia Juan A. , Maheut Julien , Garcia Sabater Julio J. 
Published: June 2017

<p>We present the results of comparing various ways of calculating students' final grades from continuous assessment grades. Traditionally the weighted arithmetic mean has been used and we compare this method with other alternatives: arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean and multiplication of the percentage of overcoming of each activi-ty. Our objective is to verify, if any of the alternative methods, agree with the student’s performance proposed by the teacher of the subject, further discriminating the grade be-tween high and low learning outcomes and reducing the number of approved opportunists.</p><p> </p><p>[Comparación del efecto de diferentes modos de agregar las califica-ciones de evaluación continua en la nota final]</p>
Dust radiative effects on atmospheric thermodynamics and tropical cyclogenesis over the Atlantic Ocean using WRF-Chem coupled with an AOD data assimilation system
Authors: Chen Dan , Liu Zhiquan , Davis Chris , Gu Yu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study investigated the dust radiative effects on atmospheric thermodynamics and tropical cyclogenesis over the Atlantic Ocean using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) coupled with an aerosol data assimilation (DA) system. MODIS AOD (aerosol optical depth) data were assimilated with the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) DA scheme to depict the Saharan dust outbreak events in the 2006 summer. Comparisons with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) observations showed that the system was capable of reproducing the dust distribution. Two sets of 180 h forecasts were conducted with the dust radiative effects activated (RE_ON) and inactivated (RE_OFF) respectively. Differences between the RE_ON and RE_OFF forecasts showed that low-altitude (high-altitude) dust inhibits (favors) convection owing to changes in convective inhibition (CIN). Heating in dust layers immediately above the boundary layer increases inhibition, whereas sufficiently elevated heating allows cooling above the boundary layer that reduces convective inhibition. Semi-direct effects in which clouds are altered by thermodynamic changes are also noted, which then alter cloud-radiative temperature (T) changes. The analysis of a tropical cyclone (TC) suppression case on 5 September shows evidence of enhanced convective inhibition by direct heating in dust, but it also suggests that the low-predictability dynamics of moist convection reduces the determinism of the effects of dust on timescales of TC development (days).
The importance of terrestrial weathering changes in multimillennial recovery of the global carbon cycle: a two-dimensional perspective
Authors: Brault Marc-Olivier , Matthews H. Damon , Mysak Lawrence A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we describe the development and application of a new spatially explicit weathering scheme within the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM). We integrated a dataset of modern-day lithology with a number of previously devised parameterizations for weathering dependency on temperature, primary productivity, and runoff. We tested the model with simulations of future carbon cycle perturbations, comparing a number of emission scenarios and model versions with each other and with zero-dimensional equivalents of each experiment. Overall, we found that our two-dimensional weathering model versions were more efficient in restoring the carbon cycle to its pre-industrial state following the pulse emissions than their zero-dimensional counterparts; however, in either case the effect of this weathering negative feedback on the global carbon cycle was small on timescales of less than 1000 years. According to model results, the largest contribution to future changes in weathering rates came from the expansion of tropical and mid-latitude vegetation in grid cells dominated by weathering-vulnerable rock types, whereas changes in temperature and river runoff had a more modest direct effect. Our results also confirmed that silicate weathering is the only mechanism that can lead to a full recovery of the carbon cycle to pre-industrial levels on multimillennial timescales.
Phacoemulsification Outcomes with Different Illumination Techniques
Authors: Yepez Juan B. , Murati Felipe A. , García Félix , Calderon Vivian , de Yepez Jazmin Cedeño , Arévalo J. Fernando 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To compare surgeon experience and the outcomes of phacoemulsification using 2 different illumination techniques for cataract extraction. Methods A prospective interventional case series was performed on 20 consecutive patients (20 eyes) with senile cataract who underwent phacoemulsification enhanced with a 23-G endoillumination probe. The main outcome measures were the surgeon's perception of depth of field and quality of visibility of intraocular structures, ease of performance of the surgical procedure, effectiveness, and complications related to the procedure. A surgeon-specific questionnaire was administered at the end of the procedure. Results Surgery was successfully performed in all patients without any complications. The surgeon indicated that lateral endoillumination markedly enhanced the details of the lens structures, mainly the posterior capsule visualization, better than the coaxial lighting with the surgical microscope. Lateral endoillumination created an enhanced 3D effect and improved the depth perception of lens intraoperatively. Conclusions The lateral illumination technique with a 23-G endoilluminator probe placed in the anterior chamber through a paracentesis creates an enhanced 3D effect and improves depth perception of lens during phacoemulsification. These benefits increase the safety of the procedure.
Predicting miRNA targets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using an ensemble method
Authors: Gao Hong , Jin Hui , Li Guijun 
Published: June 2017

Background: This study aimed to uncover potential microRNA (miRNA) targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using an ensemble method which combined 3 different methods: Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), Lasso and a causal inference method (i.e., intervention calculus when the directed acyclic graph (DAG) is absent [IDA]), based on Borda count election. Methods: The Borda count election method was used to integrate the top 100 predicted targets of each miRNA generated by individual methods. Afterwards, to validate the performance ability of our method, we checked the TarBase v6.0, miRecords v2013, miRWalk v2.0 and miRTarBase v4.5 databases to validate predictions for miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis of target genes in the top 1,000 miRNA–messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions was conducted to focus on significant KEGG pathways. Finally, we extracted target genes based on occurrence frequency ≥3. Results: Based on an absolute value of PCC >0.7, we found 33 miRNAs and 288 mRNAs for further analysis. We extracted 10 target genes with predicted frequencies not less than 3. The target gene MYO5C possessed the highest frequency, which was predicted by 7 different miRNAs. Significantly, a total of 8 pathways were identified; the pathways of cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway were the most significant. Conclusions: We successfully predicted target genes and pathways for HNSCC relying on miRNA expression data, mRNA expression profile, an ensemble method and pathway information. Our results may offer new information for the diagnosis and estimation of the prognosis of HNSCC.
Leiomyoma of the Deferens: A Curious and Extremely Rare Disease
Authors: De Rose Aldo F. , Mantica Guglielmo , Piol Nataniele , Toncini Carlo , Spina Bruno , Terrone Carlo 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Leiomyomas are rare benign tumors that can occur in the male urinary tract. We present a unique case of leiomyoma of the vas deferens. Case Description We present the clinical case of a 69-year-old patient with a suspected bulk close to the right epididymis, which turned out to be a leiomyoma of the vas deferens. To our knowledge, it is the fourth case in literature. Conclusions A proper identification and the knowledge of this pathology, even if it is a very unusual event, is necessary to avoid a surgical over treatment and preserve the testicle, by removing only the tumor.
„Už nechceme chodit do školy společně s romskými dětmi“: segregace v obci a slovenském vzdělávacím systému
Authors: Vorlíček Radek 
Published: June 2017

Cílem článku je blíže prozkoumat sociální dynamiku marginality a dominance v obci, která se nachází v západním Slovensku. Speciální pozornost je věnována vybraným aspektům mezietnického soužití a procesu konstruování identity. Příspěvek objasňuje některé aspekty rozvoje identity ve školním i mimoškolním prostředí a ukazuje, jak zastupitelé obce svým jednáním ovlivňují proces konstruovaní hranic mezi Romy a Neromy. Předkládaný text je založen na kvalitativním, induktivním a etnografickém výzkumu. Makrosociálním rámcem výzkumu jsou témata fungování slovenského školství, zejména jeho integrační a segregační tendence.
Choice-of-court Agreements in the E-commerce International Contracts
Authors: Gonçalves Anabela Susana de Sousa 
Published: June 2017

The choice-of-court agreements are a common practice in the e commerce international contracts. In the European Union, the choice-of-courts agreements find their legal framework in Article 25 of Regulation No. 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 12 December 2012, on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I bis). The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current legal framework, in the European Union, of the jurisdiction agreements in international contracts concluded in e commerce, comparing it to the previous one, and taking into consideration the interpretative options of the European Union Court of Justice (ECJ).
MOUVEMENTS DES MATERIAUX DE FOND SOUS L'ACTION DE LA HOULE
Authors: Lhermitte P. 
Published: June 2017

Hous exposerons dans cet article, les resultats d'experiences que nous avons obtenues, relativement aux mouvemen des materiaux de fond sous 1'action des houles progressives, et nous tenterons de fournir des schemas d'explication des differenph^ nomenes observes. Certains aspects des mouvements. de materiaux sous 1*action des houles, n© peuvent s'expliquer que par 1*extension de certains phenomenes hydrauliques lies a. la propagation des houles progressives : repartition des courants d'entrainement, effet de viscosite des fluides, developpement de la eouche-limit* pres du fond, etc ....
Hous nous bornerons d'ailleurs dans cette etude, a la description des mouvements de materiaux, qui dependent directemer des caracteristiques hydrauliques du mouvement du fluide, et plus .particulierement des caracteristiques de la couche limite, mais nous ne nous attacherons pas a, 1* etude de 1'influence des caracteres geologiques ou sedimentologiqu.es du materiau sur le comportement de ce dernier, l'etude detaill^e de ces phenomenes sortani du cadre de cette etude.
Sans exposer de facon complete et rigoureuse les phenc menes hydrauliques, il nous a semble" utile, pour la comprdhensior du texte, d'indiquersommairement certains aspects shhematiques d€ ces phenomenes. £es lecteurs desirant approfondir ces questions pourront se reporter aux ouvrages citds en bibliographie -(6) (7) pour les courants d'entrainement, (5) et (4) pour les phenomenes de couche limite.
LITTORAL TRANSPORT IN THE GREAT LAKES
Authors: Bajorunas L. 
Published: June 2017

The Great Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario extend almost to the middle of the North American Continent. With their 95,000 square miles of water surface and their three navigable connections with the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, they affect the well-being of about 4.0 million people living within their vicinity in Canada and the United States. Possessing a shoreline of 6,600 miles, these waters have been called the fourth coast of the continent along with the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. This paper analyzes one of the many problems of the Great Lakes, the littoral transport problem.
Littoral transport has been defined as the movement of material along the shore in the littoral zone by waves and currents. The material thus transported is referred to as the littoral drift. The littoral drift originates from the beach material, being picked up by the water and transported along the shore and deposited in another location. Shore erosion, littoral transport, and deposition of drift are all factors in the littoral process.
A knowledge of the littoral process is important for many engineering projects including the construction and maintenance of shoreline harbors. The harbor breakwater extending from the shore into deep water forms a littoral barrier, and by stopping the transport action causes the depositio of drift on the updrift side. If the breakwater does not entirely stop the transport, or when the storage area on the updrift side is filled, the drift will bypass the breakwater and fill the dredged navigation channel causing frequent and expensive maintenance dredging. This problem is especially important in the small harbors on the Great Lakes planned every 25 to 30 miles as refuge for fishing and pleasure boats. These harbors have a rather small capacity for littoral drift, and the costs of maintenan dredging of so many entrance channels would be almost prohibitive.
In order to provide data required for the design and economic evaluation of the small refuge harbors on the Great .Lakes, the United States Lake Survey, Corps of Engineers, conducted a study of the best method of estimating the rate of littoral transport along the shores of the Great Lakes. Although much of the data used in this paper was taken from the above study, the views and
Fusing Dicarbollide Ions with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Estrada Jess , Lavallo Vincent 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDiscovered by Hawthorne in 1965, dicarbollide ions are an intriguing class of nido‐carboranes that mimic the behavior of the cyclopentadienyl anion. Herein, we show that it is possible to directly link the dicarbollide ion to an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) to form an isolable N‐dicarbollide‐substituted NHC dianion. This molecule can be accessed by the sequential double deprotonation of a mono‐nido‐carboranyl imidazolium zwitterion. As revealed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study, the first deprotonation leads to a monoanionic dicarbollide ion that adopts a bis(dicarbollide) structure in the solid state. Subsequent deprotonation of this monoanion leads to the first N‐dicarbollide NHC, which was fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Unusual Lipid A from a Cold‐Adapted Bacterium: Detailed Structural Characterization
Authors: Casillo Angela , Ziaco Marcello , Lindner Buko , Parrilli Ermenegilda , Schwudke Dominik , Holgado Aurora , Verstrepen Lynn , Sannino Filomena , Beyaert Rudi , Lanzetta Rosa , Tutino Maria Luisa , Corsaro Maria Michela 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColwellia psychrerythraea 34H is a Gram‐negative cold‐adapted microorganism that adopts many strategies to cope with the limitations associated with the low temperatures of its habitat. In this study, we report the complete characterization of the lipid A moiety from the lipopolysaccharide of Colwellia. Lipid A and its partially deacylated derivative were completely characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. An unusual structure with a 3‐hydroxy unsaturated tetradecenoic acid as a component of the primary acylation pattern was identified. In addition, the presence of a partially acylated phosphoglycerol moiety on the secondary acylation site at the 3‐position of the reducing 2‐amino‐2‐deoxyglucopyranose unit caused tremendous natural heterogeneity in the structure of lipid A. Biological‐activity assays indicated that C. psychrerythraea 34H lipid A did not show an agonistic or antagonistic effect upon testing in human macrophages.
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: Absolute configuration and biological activity
Authors: Cimmino Alessio , Masi Marco , Evidente Marco , Superchi Stefano , Evidente Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlants belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family are well known for their ornamental and medicinal use. Plant members of this group are distributed through both tropical and subtropical regions of the world and are dominant in Andean South America, the Mediterranean basin, and southern Africa. Amaryllidaceae plants have been demonstrated to be a good source of alkaloids with a large spectrum of biological activities, the latter being strictly related to the absolute stereochemistry of the alkaloid scaffold. Among them, great importance for practical applications in medicine has galanthamine, which has already spawned an Alzheimer's prescription drug as a potent and selective inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Furthermore, lycorine as well as its related isocarbostyryl analogs narciclasine and pancratistatine have shown a strong anticancer activity in vitro against different solid tumors with malignant prognosis. This review addresses the assignment of the absolute configuration of several Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and its relationship with their biological activities.
Hot carrier solar cell as thermoelectric device
Authors: Konovalov Igor , Emelianov Vitali 
Published: June 2017

AbstractImprovement of solar cell efficiency beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit requires introduction of new physical concepts. One such concept is hot carrier solar cell, proposed more than three decades ago and still not impressively demonstrated in experiment. Here we show that hot carrier solar cell may be considered as thermoelectric device based on Seebeck effect. This enables one to describe the operation of hot carrier solar cell in a simple way. We fabricated a prototype of the hot carrier solar cell showing open circuit voltage at room temperature larger than the band gap in the absorber material. Extrapolation of open circuit voltage to absolute zero temperature results in barrier height depending on light intensity, interpreted by splitting of quasi‐Fermi levels between the regions of different carrier temperature. Properties of the prototype solar cell may be described by kinetic transport theory as well as from the point of view of the thermoelectric theory.
The impact of extrahepatic disease among patients undergoing liver‐directed therapy for neuroendocrine liver metastasis
Authors: Ejaz Aslam , Reames Brad N. , Maithel Shishir , Poultsides George A. , Bauer Todd W. , Fields Ryan C. , Weiss Matt , Marques Hugo Pinto , Aldrighetti Luca , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionManagement of neuroendocrine liver metastasis (NELM) in the presence of extrahepatic disease (EHD) is controversial. We sought to examine outcomes of patients undergoing liver‐directed therapy (resection, ablation, or both) for NELM in the presence of EHD using a large international cohort of patients.Methods612 patients who underwent liver‐directed therapy were identified from eight institutions. Postoperative outcomes, as well as and overall (OS) were compared among patients with and without EHD.ResultsMost primary tumors were located in the pancreas (N = 254;41.8%) or the small bowel (N = 188;30.9%). Patients underwent surgery alone (N = 471;77.0%), ablation alone (N = 15;2.5%), or a combined approach (N = 126;20.6%). Patients with EHD had more high‐grade tumors (EHD: 44.4% vs no EHD: 16.1%; P < 0.001). EHD was often the peritoneum (N = 29;41.4%) or lung (N = 19;27.1%). Among 70 patients with EHD, 20.0% (N = 14) underwent concurrent resection for EHD. After median follow‐up of 51 months, 174 (28.4%) patients died with a median OS of 140.4 months. Patients with EHD had a shorter median OS versus patients who did not have EHD (EHD: 87 months vs no EHD: not reached; P = 0.002). EHD was independently associated with an increased risk of death (HR: 2.56, 95%CI 1.16‐5.62; P = 0.02).ConclusionPatients with NELM and EHD had more aggressive tumors, conferring a twofold increased risk of death. Surgical treatment of NELM among patients with EHD should be individualized.