bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nostrilplasty by Manipulating the Dilator Naris Muscles: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jung Jae-A , Jung Su-Young , Han Seung-Kyu , Dhong Eun-Sang , Kim Woo Kyung 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
The present study was undertaken to determine whether a more aesthetically acceptable nostril shape could be created by manipulating the dilator naris muscles. Patients who had round or horizontally shaped nostrils were treated by resecting the dilator naris muscle to attenuate the dilating and lateral pulling effect of the muscles. The resected muscle segments were inserted into the nasal tip area to project the nasal tip. Manipulating the dilator muscle shaped the nostril more vertically and enhanced nasal tip augmentation. The ratio of the short axis to the long axis of the nostril was improved significantly. The interaxial angle became more acute. The patient satisfaction score was also increased. A more aesthetically pleasing nostril shape can be produced by resecting and grafting the dilator naris muscle segments.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Surgical Outcome after Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty: A Retrospective Study of 475 Transgender Women
Authors: Buncamper Marlon E. , van der Sluis Wouter B. , van der Pas Roos S. D. , Özer Müjde , Smit Jan Maerten , Witte Birgit I. , Bouman Mark-Bram , Mullender Margriet G. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
For many transgender women, vaginoplasty is the final stage in the gender-confirming process. Penile inversion vaginoplasty is considered the gold standard for vaginal construction in transgender women. In this study, the authors assessed intraoperative and postoperative complications after penile inversion vaginoplasty.

Methods:
All patients who underwent penile inversion vaginoplasty between January of 2000 and January of 2014 were identified retrospectively from the authors’ hospital registry. A retrospective chart review was conducted. Outcome measures were intraoperative and postoperative complications, reoperations, secondary surgical procedures, and possible risk factors.

Results:
Between January of 2000 and January of 2014, 475 patients underwent penile inversion vaginoplasty, 405 of whom did not have and 70 of whom did have additional full-thickness skin grafts. The median patient age at surgery was 38.6 years (range, 18.1 to 70.8 years). Median follow-up was 7.8 years (range, 1.0 to 15.9 years). The most frequently observed intraoperative complication was rectal injury [n = 11 (2.3 percent)]. Short-term postoperative bleeding that required transfusion [n = 23 (4.8 percent)], reoperation [n = 7 (1.5 percent)] or both [n = 2 (0.4 percent)] occurred in some cases. Major complications comprised three (0.6 percent) rectoneovaginal fistulas, which were successfully treated. Revision vaginoplasty was performed in 14 patients (2.9 percent). Comorbid diabetes was associated with a higher risk of local infection (OR, 9.8; p = 0.003; 95 percent CI, 2.8 to 34.4), and use of psychotropic medication predisposed to postoperative urinary retention (OR, 2.1; p = 0.006; 95 percent CI, 1.2 to 3.5).

Conclusions:
Successful vaginal construction without the need for secondary functional reoperations was achieved in the majority of patients. Intraoperative complications are scarce. Postoperative complications occur frequently but are generally minor and easily treated.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
The Stanford-ReSurge Burn Scar Contracture Scale for Neck: Development and Initial Validation for Burn Scar Contracture
Authors: Cai Lawrence , Puri Vinita , Dangol Mohan Krishna , Mannan Iftekhar Ibne , Khundkar Shafquat Hussain , Le Thua Trung-Hau , Muguti Godfrey , Rai Shankar Man , Karanas Yvonne , Chang James 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Burn contractures can cause significant disability, particularly in patients in resource-limited settings. However, a gap exists in our ability to measure outcomes in patients with burn contractures of the neck. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Stanford-ReSurge Burn Scar Contracture Scale–Neck to longitudinally assess functional status and measure functional improvement following contracture release of the neck.

Methods:
A literature review was performed to identify scales used in neck assessment and burn assessment. Items were then removed from the pool based on redundancy, feasibility, cultural appropriateness, and applicability to patients in international resource-limited environments. Remaining items were administered to patients with burn contracture of the neck.

Results:
The initial literature review found 33 scales that were combined to create an initial pool of 714 items, which was first reduced to 40 items. Feedback from field testing then yielded a 20-item outcome tool to assess appearance, activities of daily living, somatosensation, satisfaction, and range of motion, with a floor of 20 and a ceiling score of 100 points. Preliminary testing with 10 patients showed an average preoperative score of 58 points and an average 1-month postoperative score of 42 points.

Conclusions:
The authors have created an outcome tool for measuring functional status following burn contracture release of the neck, which can easily be implemented in resource-limited settings where the burden of burn injuries and morbidities is disproportionately high. Ongoing work includes a multicountry study to evaluate validity and reliability.
Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Gut Health in Children: Associations With Calprotectin and Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Michels Nathalie , Van de Wiele Tom , De Henauw Stefaan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The mechanisms underpinning the association between chronic stress and gut health are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between bacterial produced short-chain fatty acids, gut barrier function, and stress measures.

Methods
A fecal sample, hair sample, and questionnaire data were collected from 113 Belgian children (8–16 years old). Biological measures of stress included hair cortisol (most proximal 3 cm) and 5-minute heart rate variability (high frequency). Self-report measures of stress included emotional problems and negative events. Fecal calprotectin was determined as a marker of intestinal inflammation and an indirect indicator of gut barrier integrity. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, acetate, valerate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate) were measured with gas chromatography. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, fiber intake, and protein intake.

Results
Emotional problems were significantly associated with higher butyrate (β = 0.263), valerate (β = 0.230), isovalerate (β = 0.231), and isobutyrate (β = 0.233). Heart rate variability reflecting higher parasympathetic activity was related to lower valerate levels (β = −0.217). Hair cortisol was not associated with the short-chain fatty acids. None of the stress measures and none of the fecal short-chain fatty acids were significantly related to fecal calprotectin.

Conclusions
In healthy children, the impact of chronic stress is manifested more obviously in short-chain fatty acids than in intestinal inflammation as measured by levels of calprotectin. Despite the rather counterintuitive associations with butyrate, these results point to the need for further research on gut microbiome composition.
CancerGD: a resource for identifying and interpreting genetic dependencies in cancer
Authors: Bridgett Stephen , Campbell James , Lord Christopher J. , Ryan Colm J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGenes whose function is selectively essential in the presence of cancer associated genetic aberrations represent promising targets for the development of precision therapeutics. Here we present CancerGD (www.cancergd.org), a resource that integrates genotypic profiling with large-scale loss-of-function genetic screens in tumor cell lines to identify such genetic dependencies. CancerGD provides tools for searching, visualizing, and interpreting these genetic dependencies through the integration of functional interaction networks.
Applying Corrections in Single-Molecule FRET
Authors: Ingargiola Antonino 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSingle-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments can detect the distance between a donor and an acceptor fluorophore on the 3-10nm scale. In ratiometric smFRET experiments, the FRET efficiency is estimated from the ratio of acceptor and total signal (donor + acceptor). An excitation scheme involving two alternating lasers (ALEX) is often employed to discriminate between singly– and doubly-labeled populations thanks to a second ratiometric parameter, the stoichiometryS. Accurate FRET andSestimations requires applying three well-known correction factors: donor emission leakage into the acceptor channel, acceptor direct excitation by the donor excitation laser and the “gamma factor” (i.e. correction for the imbalance between donor and acceptor signals due to different fluorophore’s quantum yields and photon detection effciencies).Expressions to directly correct both raw FRET and S values have been reported in [1] in the context of freely-diffusing smFRET. Here we extend Leeet al.work providing several expressions for the direct excitation coeffcient and highlighting a clear interpretation in terms of physical parameters and experimental quantities. Moreover, we derive a more complete set of analytic expressions for correcting FRET andS. We aim to provide a clear and concise reference for different definitions of correction coeffcients and correction formulas valid for any smFRET experiment both in immobilized and freely-diffusing form.
PlantiSMASH: automated identification, annotation and expression analysis of plant biosynthetic gene clusters
Authors: Kautsar Satria A. , Duran Hernando G. Suarez , Blin Kai , Osbourn Anne , Medema Marnix H. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPlant specialized metabolites are chemically highly diverse, play key roles in host-microbe interactions, have important nutritional value in crops and are frequently applied as medicines. It has recently become clear that plant biosynthetic pathway-encoding genes are sometimes densely clustered in specific genomic loci: biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, we introduce plantiSMASH, a versatile online analysis platform that automates the identification of candidate plant BGCs. Moreover, it allows integration of transcriptomic data to prioritize candidate BGCs based on the coexpression patterns of predicted biosynthetic enzyme-coding genes, and facilitates comparative genomic analysis to study the evolutionary conservation of each cluster. Applied on 48 high-quality plant genomes, plantiSMASH identifies a rich diversity of candidate plant BGCs. These results will guide further experimental exploration of the nature and dynamics of gene clustering in plant metabolism. Moreover, spurred by the continuing decrease in costs of plant genome sequencing, they will allow genome mining technologies to be applied to plant natural product discovery.The plantiSMASH web server, precalculated results and source code are freely available fromhttp://plantismash.secondarymetabolites.org.
Respectable femininity: a significant panel of glass ceiling for career women
Authors: Ansari Nighat 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThis study aims to explicate the role of “respectable femininity” norms in the work lives of professional women and investigate the extent to which they impact female career advancement (or lack thereof) by way of creating a clash with the traditional career management techniques of accumulating social capital and managing desirable impression.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research design was deemed appropriate for the study to gain an insight of the incumbents’ work experiences. The opinions, thoughts, experiences and expressions of the participants were gauged through in-depth, semi-structured interviews to ensure the coverage of all the relevant aspects while retaining the flexibility to obtain rich and detailed data beyond the preconceived questions.FindingsIt was found that working women in Pakistan feeling guilty of violating the norm of “confinement to private spheres” appeared obliged to abide by the respectable femininity principles of “domesticity”, “restrained networking” and “toning down their femininity” to maintain an “honourable” reputation/image in the society; however, these norms, in turn, created a significant hurdle in their career advancement by way of constraining their capacity to exploit the career management techniques of accumulating “social capital” and employing “impression management” tactics.Originality/valueThis research will add credence to the scant literature pertaining to the role of “respectable femininity” in the professional lives of working women. The study showcases the female’s enigmatic struggle of becoming a “good woman” and a “successful careerist” at the same time which culminates in to a series of subtle barriers in their professional careers mounting ultimately to become a significant panel of “glass ceiling” in their progression.
Integrated framework for early warning system in UAE
Authors: Alhmoudi Abdulla Ali , Aziz Zeeshan 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The impacts and costs of natural disasters on people, properties and environment are often severe when these occur on a large scale and with no warning system in place. The lack of deployment of an early warning system (EWS), low risk and hazard knowledge and impact of natural hazard experienced by some communities in the UAE have emphasised the need for more effective EWSs. This work focuses on developing an integrated framework for EWSs for communities prone to the impact of natural hazards to reduce their vulnerability and improve emergency management arrangements in the UAE.

Design/methodology/approach
The essential elements of effective EWS were identified through literature review to develop an integrated framework for EWS. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were also used to identify and confirm hindering factors to deployment of effective EWSs in Abu Dhabi and Fujairah Emirates, while areas that require further development were also identified through this means.

Findings
The outcome of this research revealed that the warning for natural hazards in the UAE lacked the required elements for effective EWS, whereas the elements which are present are insufficient to mitigate the impacts of natural hazards. The information in this work emphasises the need to improve two elements, and to develop the other two essential elements of EWS in the UAE.

Originality/value
The outcome of this research revealed that the warning for natural hazards in the UAE lacked the required elements for effective EWS, whereas the elements which are present are insufficient to mitigate the impacts of natural hazards. The information in this work emphasises the need to improve two elements and to develop the other two essential elements of EWS in the UAE.
Multi-library union, promoting ILL/DD of the Chinese science digital library
Authors: Xi Qingkui , Mao Liju , Zhang Bin , Shi Wen , Bao Ping 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThis study aims to describe and analyse interlibrary loans and document delivery (ILL/DD) in the Chinese Academy of Sciences and to evaluate the ILL/DD service quality of one particular library.Design/methodology/approachILL/DD at the Chinese Science Digital Library (CSDL) is described. The success of ILL/DD at CSDL is analysed. Finally, the service quality of one library’s ILL/DD based on LibQUAL+ is evaluated.FindingsILL/DD at CSDL can be improved through a multi-library union, and a modified LibQUAL+ model can be used to evaluate a library’s ILL/DD service quality.Social implicationsMore patrons can access a better service, and the work efficiency of librarians can be improved.Originality/valueThis study is helpful to librarians interested in ILL/DD and resource sharing in China.
An assessment of place brand potential: familiarity, favourability and uniqueness
Authors: Chan Chung-Shing , Peters Mike , Marafa Lawal M. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to present an approach by which to assess the potential of branding a particular type of place resource or feature.

Design/methodology/approach
A review was conducted to analyse three key periodicals (Journal of Brand Management, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy and Journal of Place Management and Development) in the field of branding and place branding between 2000 and 2011. These three periodicals are recognized as the three leading periodicals of place branding, and they followed the clear establishment and development of the field of place branding.

Findings
Familiarity, favourability and uniqueness are the three dimensions that give a quick indication of the level of place brand equity, and in turn they represent the level of place brand potential.

Research limitations/implications
In the literature, brand potential is not well conceptualized. This paper identifies this knowledge gap through a review of place branding studies, and it closes the gap by connecting brand potential with place brand equity.

Originality/value
This paper suggests practical and research directions by which to study these three dimensions to generate valuable brands for places.
Characterisation and multifaceted anisotropy assessment of Corvio sandstone for geological CO2 storage studies
Authors: Falcon‐Suarez Ismael , Canal‐Vila Jacobo , Delgado‐Martin Jordi , North Laurence , Best Angus 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWe present a comprehensive characterisation of the physical, mineralogical, geomechanical, geophysical, and hydrodynamic properties of Corvio sandstone. This information, together with a detailed assessment of anisotropy, is needed to establish Corvio sandstone as a useful laboratory rock‐testing standard for well‐constrained studies of thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical coupled phenomena associated with CO2 storage practices and for geological reservoir studies in general. More than 200 core plugs of Corvio sandstone (38.1 and 50 mm diameters, 2:1 length‐to‐diameter ratio) were used in this characterisation study, with a rock porosity of 21.7 ± 1.2%, dry density 2036 ± 32 kg m−3, and unconfined compressive and tensile strengths of 41 ± 3.28 and 2.3 ± 0.14 MPa, respectively. Geomechanical tests show that the rock behaves elastically between ∼10 and ∼18 MPa under unconfined conditions with associated Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of 11.8 ± 2.8 GPa and 0.34 ± 0.01 GPa, respectively. Permeability abruptly decreases with confining pressure up to ∼10 MPa and then stabilises at ∼1 mD. Ultrasonic P‐ and S‐wave velocities vary from about 2.8–3.8 km s−1 and 1.5–2.4 km s−1, respectively, over confining and differential pressures between 0.1 and 35 MPa, allowing derivation of associated dynamic elastic moduli. Anisotropy was investigated using oriented core plugs for electrical resistivity, elastic wave velocity and attenuation, permeability, and tracer injection tests. Corvio sandstone shows weak transverse isotropy (symmetry axis normal to bedding) of <10% for velocity and <20% for attenuation.
The Dalriada Document: Towards a Multinational Compromise that Respects Democratic Diversity in the United Kingdom
Authors: O'Leary Brendan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNorthern Ireland and Scotland could and should stay within the European Union while remaining inside the United Kingdom. This proposal need not prevent, and may facilitate, England and Wales in leaving the EU, and it is in accordance with the respective preferences of the peoples of the two Unions who voted in the advisory referendum held on 23 June 2016. Prime Minister May and her Cabinet should address carefully the question of whether to trigger Article 50, or instead to give notice that only parts of the UK—England and Wales—will be leaving the EU. The price of enforcing the entirety of the UK's exit from the EU may be lasting damage to the two Unions that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Deaths Due to Child Abuse: A 6‐Year Review of Cases in The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office
Authors: Serinelli Serenella , Arunkumar Ponni , Filkins James A. , Gitto Lorenzo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCase files from the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office from 2007 to 2012 were reviewed to analyze homicides due to physical child abuse in children <3 years old. Fatal cases mostly involved younger subjects. Intracranial injuries were the leading cause of death, while death due to extracranial injuries was uncommon. Eyes were involved in most of the cases. Spinal cord was involved in about 1/3 of the cases, mostly in the thoracic area. In some cases, previous injuries were present. There were significant differences in the pattern of injuries between age groups. Subjects showing signs of impact to the head and subjects with no evidence of an impact showed no significant difference in internal injuries. The association of multiple injuries is highly suggestive of child abuse. In suspected child abuse, a postmortem examination including neuropathological, ophthalmological, and radiological information should be always evaluated, together with investigative reports and the medical history.
Flow Curves: an Intuitive Interface for Coherent Scene Deformation
Authors: Ciccone L. , Guay M. , Sumner R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEffective composition in visual arts relies on the principle of movement, where the viewer's eye is directed along subjective curves to a center of interest. We call these curves subjective because they may span the edges and/or center‐lines of multiple objects, as well as contain missing portions which are automatically filled by our visual system. By carefully coordinating the shape of objects in a scene, skilled artists direct the viewer's attention via strong subjective curves. While traditional 2D sketching is a natural fit for this task, current 3D tools are object‐centric and do not accommodate coherent deformation of multiple shapes into smooth flows. We address this shortcoming with a new sketch‐based interface called Flow Curves which allows coordinating deformation across multiple objects. Core components of our method include an understanding of the principle of flow, algorithms to automatically identify subjective curve elements that may span multiple disconnected objects, and a deformation representation tailored to the view‐dependent nature of scene movement. As demonstrated in our video, sketching flow curves requires significantly less time than using traditional 3D editing workflows.
TSS BVHs: Tetrahedron Swept Sphere BVHs for Ray Tracing Subdivision Surfaces
Authors: Du P. , Kim Y. J. , Yoon S. E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present a novel, compact bounding volume hierarchy, TSS BVH, for ray tracing subdivision surfaces computed by the Catmull‐Clark scheme. We use Tetrahedron Swept Sphere (TSS) as a bounding volume to tightly bound limit surfaces of such subdivision surfaces given a user tolerance. Geometric coordinates defining our TSS bounding volumes are implicitly computed from the subdivided mesh via a simple vertex ordering method, and each level of our TSS BVH is associated with a single distance bound, utilizing the Catmull‐Clark scheme. These features result in a linear space complexity as a function of the tree depth, while many prior BVHs have exponential space complexity. We have tested our method against different benchmarks with path tracing and photon mapping. We found that our method achieves up to two orders of magnitude of memory reduction with a high culling ratio over the prior AABB BVH methods, when we represent models with two to four subdivision levels. Overall, our method achieves three times performance improvement thanks to these results. These results are acquired by our theorem that rigorously computes our TSS bounding volumes.