bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary protein content on performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits of feedlot Nellore and Angus × Nellore cross cattle at different growth stages
Authors: Amaral P. M. , Mariz L. D. S. , Zanetti D. , Prados L. F. , Marcondes M. I. , Santos S. A. , Detmann E. , Faciola A. P. , Valadares Filho S. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate whether a reduction in dietary crude protein (CP) and genotype affects animal performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits of beef cattle at different stages of the feedlot. Twenty-two Nellore and 22 crossbred F1 Angus × Nellore (Nellore: 8 months, initial body weight (iBW) = 212.7 kg; Crossbred: 8 months, iBW = 226.1 kg) were used in this experiment. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with six replicates, in a 2 × 3 factorial design. The factors were two genotypes (Nellore and Crossbred) and three CP concentrations (100, 120 and 140 g/kg dry matter [DM]). The experimental period lasted 224 day, being divided into two stages (Backgrounding = 112 day, and Finishing = 112 day). At the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered to evaluate their carcass characteristics. Similar patterns were observed during backgrounding and finishing phases on intake and average daily gain (ADG) regarding genotype. Intakes of DM, organic matter, CP, neutral detergent fibre, non-fibre carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients, ADG (kg/day) and feed efficiency were greater in Crossbred animals than Nellore in both phases. During the backgrounding phase, dietary CP did not influence DM intake. However, a linear effect of CP on ADG was observed in the backgrounding phase. During finishing, Nellore cattle fed 100 g CP/kg DM presented lower ADG than Nellore fed 120 and 140 g CP/kg DM. Crossbred animals were heavier than Nellore at the beginning and end of the trial. Crossbred animals also gained more carcass, retained more CP and fat, and had a greater subcutaneous fat thickness during the experiment compared with Nellore. There was a quadratic effect of dietary CP on retained CP and dressing. The current study found that crossbred animals (F1 Angus × Nellore) not only had greater performance, but also better carcass traits compared with Nellore, representing an option for increasing productivity. Also, it is possible to adjust diets according to phase. During the backgrounding stage, 140 g CP/kg DM should be used, being reduced to 120 g CP/kg DM during the finishing stage of feedlot for Nellore and to 100 g CP/kg DM for Crossbred, without affecting performance adversely.
The Barrier Silence by Edward A. Wilson
Authors: Lewis-Smith Ronald I. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe drafting, publishing and subsequent reproduction of Edward Wilson's evocative and sinisterly premonitory poem, The Barrier Silence, is examined. It was written in October 1911 for Part 3 of the South Polar Times (SPT), Vol. 3, prepared and ‘published’ at Robert Falcon Scott's British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition hut at Cape Evans, Ross Island, shortly before Wilson, Scott and three other members set off on the ill-fated South Pole journey. Wilson contributed most of the illustrative material for all three volumes of the SPT, but this poem is the only written article attributed to him, although it is possible that he was also the author of an anonymous poem. Events that may have influenced Wilson to write his poem are also considered.
The association between psychotic experiences and traumatic life events: the role of the intention to harm
Authors: Moriyama Tais Silveira , Drukker Marjan , Gadelha Ary , Pan Pedro Mario , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Manfro Gisele Gus , Mari Jair de Jesus , Miguel Eurípedes Constantino , Rohde Luis Augusto , Polanczyk Guilherme Vanoni , van Os Jim , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work showed traumatic life events (TLE) with intention to harm, like bullying and abuse, to be more strongly associated with psychotic experiences (PE) than other types of trauma, like accidents. However, this association is subject to reporting bias and can be confounded by demographic characteristics and by differences in dose of exposure across different trauma categories. We studied the association between TLE with and without intention to harm and PE, taking into account potential confounders and biases.MethodsA total of 2245 children and adolescents aged 6–14 years were interviewed by psychologists. The interview included the presence of 20 PE (both self-report and psychologist evaluation). In addition, parents provided information on child exposure to trauma, mental health and PE.ResultsResults showed no significant association between TLE without intention to harm only and PE for the three methods of assessment of PE (self-report, parent report and psychologist rating). On the other hand, there was a positive association between PE and TLE in groups exposed to traumatic experiences with intention to harm (with intention to harm only and with and without intention to harm). Results remained significant after controlling for demographic and clinical confounders, but this positive association was no longer significant after adjusting for the number of TLE.ConclusionsTLE with intention to harm display a stronger association with PE than TLE without intention to harm, and this difference is likely reducible to a greater level of traumatic exposure associated with TLE with intention to harm.
Is cognitive impairment associated with antipsychotic dose and anticholinergic equivalent loads in first-episode psychosis?
Authors: Ballesteros Alejandro , Sánchez-Torres Ana M. , López-Ilundain Jose M. , Cabrera Bibiana , Lobo Antonio , González-Pinto Ana M. , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga , Corripio Iluminada , Vieta Eduard , de la Serna Elena , Bobes Julio , Usall Judith , Contreras Fernando , Lorente-Omeñaca Ruth , Mezquida Gisela , Bernardo Miguel , Cuesta Manuel J. ,   PEPs Group
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundCognitive deficits are a core feature of early stages in schizophrenia. However, the extent to which antipsychotic (AP) have a deleterious effect on cognitive performance remains under debate. We aim to investigate whether anticholinergic loadings and dose of AP drugs in first episode of psychosis (FEP) in advanced phase of remission are associated with cognitive impairment and the differences between premorbid intellectual quotient (IQ) subgroups.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty-six patients participated. The primary outcomes were cognitive dimensions, dopaminergic/anticholinergic load of AP [in chlorpromazine equivalents (Eq-CPZ) and the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), respectively].ResultsImpairments in processing speed, verbal memory and global cognition were significantly associated with high Eq-CPZ and verbal impairment with high ARS score. Moreover, this effect was higher in the low IQ subgroup.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the potential cognitive impairment associated with AP in advanced remission FEP, particularly in lower premorbid IQ patients.
The impact of parental mental illness across the full diagnostic spectrum on externalising and internalising vulnerabilities in young offspring
Authors: Dean Kimberlie , Green Melissa J. , Laurens Kristin R. , Kariuki Maina , Tzoumakis Stacy , Sprague Titia , Lenroot Rhoshel , Carr Vaughan J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe intergenerational risk for mental illness is well established within diagnostic categories, but the risk is unlikely to respect diagnostic boundaries and may be reflected more broadly in early life vulnerabilities. We aimed to establish patterns of association between externalising and internalising vulnerabilities in early childhood and parental mental disorder across the full spectrum of diagnoses.MethodsA cohort of Australian children (n = 69 116) entering the first year of school in 2009 were assessed using the Australian Early Development Census, providing measures of externalising and internalising vulnerability. Parental psychiatric diagnostic status was determined utilising record-linkage to administrative health datasets.ResultsParental mental illness, across diagnostic categories, was associated with all child externalising and internalising domains of vulnerability. There was little evidence to support interaction by parental or offspring sex.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for informing early identification and intervention strategies in high-risk offspring and for research into the causes of mental illness. There may be benefits to focusing less on diagnostic categories in both cases.
Functioning before and after a major depressive episode: pre-existing vulnerability or scar? A prospective three-wave population-based study
Authors: Bos E. H. , ten Have M. , van Dorsselaer S. , Jeronimus B. F. , de Graaf R. , de Jonge P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe vulnerability hypothesis suggests that impairments after remission of depressive episodes reflect a pre-existing vulnerability, while the scar hypothesis proposes that depression leaves residual impairments that confer risk of subsequent episodes. We prospectively examined vulnerability and scar effects in mental and physical functioning in a representative Dutch population sample.MethodsThree waves were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a population-based study with a 6-years follow-up. Mental and physical functioning were assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36). Major depressive disorder (MDD) was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Vulnerability effects were examined by comparing healthy controls (n= 2826) with individuals who developed a first-onset depressive episode during first follow-up but did not have a lifetime diagnosis of MDD at baseline (n= 181). Scarring effects were examined by comparing pre- and post-morbid functioning in individuals who developed a depressive episode after baseline that was remitted at the third wave (n= 108).ResultsBoth mental (B= −5.4,s.e.= 0.9,p< 0.001) and physical functioning (B= −8.2,s.e.= 1.1,p< 0.001) at baseline were lower in individuals who developed a first depressive episode after baseline compared with healthy controls. This effect was most pronounced in people who developed a severe episode. No firm evidence of scarring in mental or physical functioning was found. In unadjusted analyses, physical functioning was still lowered post-morbidly (B= −5.1,s.e.= 2.1,p= 0.014), but this effect disappeared in adjusted analyses.ConclusionsFunctional impairments after remission of depression seem to reflect a pre-existing vulnerability rather than a scar.
Hormone therapy, gender affirmation surgery, and their association with recent suicidal ideation and depression symptoms in transgender veterans
Authors: Tucker Raymond P. , Testa Rylan J. , Simpson Tracy L. , Shipherd Jillian C. , Blosnich John R. , Lehavot Keren 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAccess to transition-related medical interventions (TRMIs) for transgender veterans has been the subject of substantial public interest and debate. To better inform these important conversations, the current study investigated whether undergoing hormone or surgical transition intervention(s) relates to the frequency of recent suicidal ideation (SI) and symptoms of depression in transgender veterans.MethodsThis study included a cross-sectional, national sample of 206 self-identified transgender veterans. They self-reported basic demographics, TRMI history, recent SI, and symptoms of depression through an online survey.ResultsSignificantly lower levels of SI experienced in the past year and 2-weeks were seen in veterans with a history of both hormone intervention and surgery on both the chest and genitals in comparison with those who endorsed a history of no medical intervention, history of hormone therapy but no surgical intervention, and those with a history of hormone therapy and surgery on either (but not both) the chest or genitals when controlling for sample demographics (e.g., gender identity and annual income). Indirect effect analyses indicated that lower depressive symptoms experienced in the last 2-weeks mediated the relationship between the history of surgery on both chest and genitals and SI in the last 2-weeks.ConclusionsResults indicate the potential protective effect that TRMI may have on symptoms of depression and SI in transgender veterans, particularly when both genitals and chest are affirmed with one's gender identity. Implications for policymakers, providers, and researchers are discussed.
Effectiveness of computer-assisted argument mapping for comprehension, recall, and retention
Authors: Eftekhari Maryam , Sotoudehnama Elaheh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCompared to traditional pen-and-paper presentation of information, computer-assisted argument mapping seems to be more efficient in developing lower order thinking skills such as memory and comprehension. The present study investigated the impact of argument map construction and reading via computer versus pen and paper on English as a foreign language (EFL) majors’ comprehension, recall, and retention of argumentative texts. To this end, 120 Iranian EFL undergraduates were divided into low and high proficiency levels after taking a language proficiency test. Next, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups; each group received 12 sessions of argument mapping instruction, one via computer and the other via pen and paper. At the end of the term, participants randomly received two argument map sizes (small vs. large) and were given 15 minutes to read the maps. Then tests of recall and comprehension relevant to the maps were administered, followed by a test of retention within a two-week interval. The results revealed that after controlling for spatial and verbal covariates, the type of treatment had a significant effect on recall, retention, and comprehension, with the software group outperforming the pen-and-paper group; however, proficiency level and argument size did not show any significant effect.
Investigating research approaches: Classroom-based interaction studies in physical and virtual contexts
Authors: Hartwick Peggy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article investigates research approaches used in traditional classroom-based interaction studies for identifying a suitable research method for studies in three-dimensional virtual learning environments (3DVLEs). As opportunities for language learning and teaching in virtual worlds emerge, so too do new research questions. An understanding of research design benefits and limitations is timely for those exploring how interaction occurs between users, and users and the virtual space, and how these interactions make sense within a broader theoretical framework. As a first step, the article describes the types of interaction that are significant to classroom-based research studies, such as learner–learner. This is followed by a historical overview of research approaches and methods used in interaction studies, from early quantitative, to descriptive and qualitative, to mixed-method approaches. Following this overview, the author critically surveys research approaches, methods, analytical tools, and data collection techniques used in physical and virtual second language classroom interaction studies. The article concludes by highlighting the implications and research considerations for the design of new research studies in 3DVLEs.
Serelaxin for infant heart failure in congenital dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Myers Patrick O. , Bordessoule Alice , Tissot Cécile 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSerelaxin has been studied in trials in adults with acute heart failure, but not in children. We report the first compassionate use of serelaxin in an infant. A 6-month-old girl with dilated cardiomyopathy was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following cardiac arrest unresponsive to medical treatment. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning failed despite maximal ino-dilator therapy. During the 48-hour infusion of serelaxin, we observed marked improvement in brain natriuretic peptide, left ventricular systolic function, and dilatation. The patient was successfully weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 24 hours later. The child died after a second extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run owing to sepsis.
Dietary sources of energy and nutrients in the contemporary diet of Inuit adults: results from the 2007–08 Inuit Health Survey
Authors: Kenny Tiff-Annie , Hu Xue Feng , Kuhnlein Harriet V , Wesche Sonia D , Chan Hing Man 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the major components of the contemporary Inuit diet and identify the primary sources of energy and essential nutrients.DesignDietary data were derived from the 24 h recall collected by the Inuit Health Survey (IHS) from 2007 to 2008. The population proportion method was used to determine the percentage contribution of each group. Unique food items/preparations (ninety-three country foods and 1591 market foods) were classified into eight country food groups and forty-one market food groups. Nutrient composition of each food item was obtained from the Canadian Nutrient File.SettingThirty-six communities across three Inuit regions of northern Canada.SubjectsA representative sample (n2095) of non-pregnant Inuit adults (≥18 years), selected through stratified random sampling.ResultsDespite their modest contribution to total energy intake (6·4–19·6 %, by region) country foods represented a major source of protein (23–52 %), Fe (28–54 %), niacin (24–52 %) and vitamins D (up to 73 %), B6(18–55 %) and B12(50–82 %). By contrast, the three most popular energy-yielding market foods (i.e. sweetened beverages, added sugar and bread) collectively contributed approximately 20 % of total energy, while contributing minimally to most micronutrients. A notable exception was the contribution of these foods to Ca (13–21 %) and vitamins E (17–35 %) and C (as much as 50 %). Solid fruits were consumed by less than 25 % of participants while vegetables were reported by 38–59 % of respondents.ConclusionsCountry foods remain a critical dimension of the contemporary Inuit diet.
Adherence to the Danish food-based dietary guidelines and risk of myocardial infarction: a cohort study
Authors: Hansen Camilla Plambeck , Overvad Kim , Tetens Inge , Tjønneland Anne , Parner Erik Thorlund , Jakobsen Marianne Uhre , Dahm Christina Catherine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveA direct way to evaluate food-based dietary guidelines is to assess if adherence is associated with development of non-communicable diseases. Thus, the objective was to develop an index to assess adherence to the 2013 Danish food-based dietary guidelines and to investigate the association between adherence to the index and risk of myocardial infarction (MI).DesignPopulation-based cohort study with recruitment of participants in 1993–1997. Information on dietary intake was collected at baseline using an FFQ and an index ranging from 0 to 6 points was created to assess adherence to the 2013 Danish food-based dietary guidelines. MI cases were identified by record linkage to the Danish National Patient Register and the Causes of Death Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of MI.SettingGreater areas of Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.SubjectsMen and women aged 50–64 years (n55 021) from the Diet, Cancer and Health study.ResultsA total of 3046 participants were diagnosed with first-time MI during a median follow-up of 16·9 years. A higher Danish Dietary Guidelines Index score was associated with a lower risk of MI. After adjustment for potential confounders, the hazard of MI was 13 % lower among men with a score of 3–<4 (HR=0·87; 95 % CI 0·78, 0·96) compared with men with a score of <3. The corresponding HR among women was 0·76 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·93).ConclusionsAdherence to the 2013 Danish food-based dietary guidelines was inversely associated with risk of MI.
Dietary patterns and their associations with home food availability among Finnish pre-school children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vepsäläinen Henna , Korkalo Liisa , Mikkilä Vera , Lehto Reetta , Ray Carola , Nissinen Kaija , Skaffari Essi , Fogelholm Mikael , Koivusilta Leena , Roos Eva , Erkkola Maijaliisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo study the associations between home food availability and dietary patterns among pre-school children.DesignCross-sectional study in which parents of the participating children filled in an FFQ and reported how often they had certain foods in their homes. We derived dietary pattern scores using principal component analysis, and composite scores describing the availability of fruits and vegetables as well as sugar-enriched foods in the home were created for each participant. We used multilevel models to investigate the associations between availability and dietary pattern scores.SettingThe DAGIS study, Finland.SubjectsThe participants were 864 Finnish 3–6-year-old children recruited from sixty-six pre-schools. The analyses included 711 children with sufficient data.ResultsWe identified three dietary patterns explaining 16·7 % of the variance. The patterns were named ‘sweets-and-treats’ (high loadings of e.g. sweet biscuits, chocolate, ice cream), ‘health-conscious’ (high loadings of e.g. nuts, natural yoghurt, berries) and ‘vegetables-and-processed meats’ (high loadings of e.g. vegetables, cold cuts, fruit). In multivariate models, the availability of fruits and vegetables was inversely associated with the sweets-and-treats pattern (β=−0·05, P<0·01) and positively associated with the health-conscious (β=0·07, P<0·01) and vegetables-and-processed meats patterns (β=0·06, P<0·01). The availability of sugar-enriched foods was positively associated with the sweets-and-treats pattern (β=0·10, P<0·01) and inversely associated with the health-conscious pattern (β=−0·03, P<0·01).ConclusionsConsidering dietary patterns, the availability of sugar-enriched foods in the home seems to have a stronger role than that of fruits and vegetables. Parents should restrict the availability of unhealthy foods in the home.