bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights into prescribing trends
Authors: K. M. Prasanna Kumar , Ingole Shahu , Tamboli Tushar , Jain Rishi 
Published: March 2017

Background: Recently, management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has changed with advent of novel agents like DPP4i, SGLT2i and GLP-1 agonist. Of these, DPP4i have emerged as promising agents as monotherapy and as an add-on to metformin for improved glycaemic control. This survey was planned to explore current prescribing trends of physicians of India for the management of T2DM.Methods: This was a prospective, cross sectional, questionnaire-based survey of physicians and endocrinologist across different geographic areas in India. A survey questionnaire consisting of 10 questions related to management of T2DM in real-world clinical settings was prepared, validated in a small group of physicians and then administered to physicians and endocrinologists.Results: Responses from 502 physicians were received. About 60% physicians prefer DPP4i as first add-on to metformin followed by sulfonylurea (SU) (30%). Amongst DPP4i, vildagliptin and sitagliptin were preferred by 48% and 28% physicians respectively as first add-on to metformin. For patients uncontrolled on metformin + SU therapy, 54 % physicians prefer DPP4i as second add-on. Vildagliptin is perceived to have the better efficacy and safety data, as suggested by 40% and 43% physicians respectively. Large number of physicians (48%) were hesitant to prescribe teneligliptin due to insufficient data. SGLT2 inhibitors are preferred as third add-on by 44% physicians.Conclusions: DPP4i are being increasingly preferred by physician as an add-on to metformin. Among DPP4i, the survey revealed that vildagliptin is the most preferred DPP4i as an add-on to metformin possibly owing to its established safety and efficacy data.
Corporate Social Responsobility (CSR) in the Ethiopian Banking Sector: A Case Study on Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE)
Authors: BIMIR Mathias Nigatu 
Published: March 2017

<p>This case study was carried out to assess the social responsibility practices of commercial bank of Ethiopia. The study was carried out based on secondary data taken from the reports of the bank for the year 2011-2013 and other literatures. Variables used in the study are: priority sector lending, environment protection, health, education and community welfare. The finding shows that though commercial bank of Ethiopia is making efforts in the CSR areas, still there are gaps in implementing well planned CSR and making disclosure. It also shows that existing altruistic practices in this bank are of reactive to meet the interests of social and community concerns and the bank lacks proactive involvement. </p>
Performans Pertumbuhan Kambing Boerawa di Village Breeding Centre, Desa Dadapan, Kecamatan Sumberejo, Kabupaten Tanggamus, Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Sumadi Sumadi , Hartatik T , Ngadiyono N 
Published: March 2017

<p>The objective of research were to evaluate grading up program of Boer buck and Ettawa grade goat (EGG) doe at Village Breeding Centre (VBC) Dadapan village, Sumberejo subdistrict, Tanggamus regency by studying growth performance EGG, Boerawa grade 1 (BG1), and Boerawa grade 2 (BG2). Survey method was used in this research. Recording for growth performance of 525 heads EGG, 450 heads BG1, and 175 heads BG2 possessed by Karya Makmur III farmer group that was member of the VBC. Variables observed were body weight and body measurements at birth, weaning, and yearling. Data was analysed by analysis for variance of Completely Randomized Design for one way lay out. Difference of mean were analysed by Duncant’s Multiple Range Test. The average of birth weight of EGG (2,79±0,66 kg) were lower than that of BG1 (3,22±0,64 kg), however that of BG1 were not different with BG2 (3,02±0,89 kg). The average of weaning weight of EGG (18,28±0,053 kg) were lower than that of BG1 (19,89±5,72 kg) however that of BG1 were not different with that of BG 2 (19,67±1,54 kg). The average of yearling weight of EGG (39,89±7,26 kg) were lower than that of BG1 however that of BG1(43,49±6,15 kg) were not different with BG2 (42,27±2,12 kg). The absolute preweaning and postweaning average daily gain (ADG) of EGG, BG1, and BG2 were not different. Relative preweaning ADG of EGG (7,95±0,69%) were higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of BG1 (3,57±0,14%) and BG2 (4,77±0,64%) however that of BG1 were not different with BG2. Relative postweaning ADG of EGG (0,60±1,31%) were higher than that of BG1 (0,37±0,01%) and BG2 (0,43±0,07%). Average of postweaning ADG of BG1 and BG2 were different (P&lt;0.05). Its conclusion that growth performance of BG2 have not optimum.</p>
Performan Produksi Kambing Saburai Jantan Pada Dua Wilayah Sumber Bibit di Kabupaten Tanggamus
Authors: Adhianto Kusuma , Hamdani M. Dima Iqbal , Sulastri Sulastri , Listiana Indah 
Published: March 2017

<p class="Default">Saburai goat was crossing breed by grading up between male Boer and female Ettawah grade goat. This research was conducted to compare production performance of male Saburai goat at Gisting subdistrict and Sumberejo subdistrict as Saburai goat breeding source area. Survey method were used in this research by observation to 90 at Gisting subdistrict and 90 at Sumberejo subdistrict tails male Saburai goat as sample. The sample were choosed by purposive sampling method. Variables observed were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), average of preweaning daily gain (APreDG), average of postweaning daily gain (APostDG). The data was analyzed by t-student test. Result of research indicated that BW (3,42+0,28 kg), WW (16,22+3,77 kg), YW (36,56+4,85 kg), APreDG (140,00+0,04 g/tail/day), APostDG (70,00+0,02 g/tail/day) of Saburai goat at Gisting subdistrict was not different (P&gt;0,05) with Saburai goat at Sumberejo subdistrict (BW 3,48+0,41 kg, WW 16,85+258 kg, YW 38,30+5,35 kg, APreDG 150,00+0,03 g/tail/day, APostDG 80,00+0,02 g/tail/day).</p><p class="Default"> </p><p>Keywords: performance production, Saburai male goat, Tanggamus</p>
In Vitro Stability of Phytase from Recombinant Bacteria E. Coli BL21 (DE3) EAS1-AMP
Authors: Nuhriawangsa Adi M.P. , Sajidan Sajidan , Bachruddin Zaenal , Wibowo Ali 
Published: March 2017

<p class="p1">The objective of the research was to inquire the Km, Vm, activity, intracellular phytase stability exposed to pH variation, temperature variation and protease (pepsin and pancreas) in vitro. The phytase was produced from recombinant bacteria E. coli BL21(DE3) EAS1-AMP using 1.5 mM IPTG as inducer. Intracellular enzyme was extracted via freeze shock and centrifugation. Pure enzyme was acquired through NI-NTA agarose column. The enzyme was then tested for Km, Vm, phytase activity and stability against pH, temperature and protease. Treatment levels for stability against protease were P<span class="s1">0</span>: without protease, P<span class="s1">1</span>: addition of pepsin, P2: addition of pepsin and pancreas, and the data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance of one-way Completely Randomized Design. Crude intracellular phytase had Vm 6.39 <span class="s2">υ</span>M/sec, Km 34.82 <span class="s2">υ</span>M, and 277 units activity. Intracellular phytas was stable at pH 4–6 and 0–55<span class="s1">0 </span>C. Protease level influenced the activity of intracellular phytase (P&lt;0.05). Intracellular phytase was stable against pepsin but not pancreas.</p>
INDONESIA’S TAX AMNESTY LAW BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE LAW AS AN ALLOCATIVE SYSTEM
Authors: Darmawan Agus 
Published: March 2017

<p>This study aimed to evaluate academic on Law Number 11 of 2016 on the Tax Amnesty as the law as an allocative system approach as presented Lawrance M. Friedman. This study uses a normative approach. <br />The resut showed that the law on Tax Amnesty academy has fulled the legal criteria for allocative as intended by Friedman. Tax Amnesty Program is the elimination of the tax owed should not sanction tax administration and criminal sanctions in the area of taxation by way of uncovering treasures and pay the ransom. Tax amnesty aimed to increase tax revenues in the State Budget, which is expected to be more sustainable State Budget to finance development program for the welfare of all the people of Indonesia.</p><p>Keywords: law, allocative system, and tax amnesty.</p>
Team Approach: The Treatment of Metastatic Tumors of the Femoral Diaphysis
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael B. , Saha Debasmita , Clement Jessica M. , Dowsett Robert J. , Pacheco Rafael A. , Balach Tessa 
Published: March 2017

➢ The differential diagnosis of an aggressive bone lesion includes metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and primary sarcoma of bone. Evaluation includes radiographs of the entire bone; laboratory tests; computed tomography (CT) scanning of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; bone scintigraphy; and biopsy.➢ Except in rare circumstances, the treatment of skeletal metastasis is palliative and the goals of care center around pain relief and the maintenance of function.➢ Nonoperative interventions include chemotherapy, bone-modulating agents such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, radiation therapy, and ablation with cementoplasty.➢ When prophylactic operative stabilization is indicated to prevent pathological fracture, a cephalomedullary nail is preferred for femoral diaphyseal lesions. Postoperative external-beam radiation is indicated for local disease control.➢ High-quality treatment of these patients relies on the close coordination of multiple different specialists.
Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Thumb
Authors: Pulos Nicholas , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2017

➢ Ulnar collateral ligament injuries are best classified according to chronicity of injury and grade of tear, with partial tears and nondisplaced tears being amenable to nonoperative treatment.➢ In general, acute injuries may be primarily repaired with suture-anchor fixation, most often to the insertion of the ligament on the proximal phalanx, which allows for early joint range of motion.➢ Symptomatic chronic injuries may be managed surgically with primary repair, reconstruction, or arthrodesis.
Nitrogen Fertilization Had No Effect on CH4 and N2O Emissions in Rice Planted in Rewetted Peatlands
Authors: Morris Jennifer , Ye Rongzhong , Silva Lucas C. R. , Horwath William R. 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Peat soil N2O emissions did not respond to N fertilization.
N fertilization had no effect on plant contribution to dissolved organic C or CH4 pools.
Plant C contributed to up to 27% of soil CH4 emissions.
Soil C was the dominant source of dissolved organic C and emitted CH4.
Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were monitored in rewetted peatlands planted to rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California. The effect of N fertilization was examined with a rate trial (0, 80, and 160 kg N ha–1). Static chambers and 13C‐CO2 pulse labeling at reproductive growth and grain‐filling stages when maximum CH4 emission is anticipated were used to quantify the contribution of rice plants to soil C pools. Soil CH4 and N2O emissions were not affected by N fertilization and ranged from 66 to 123 kg CH4 ha–1 and 1.2 to 3.7 kg N2O ha–1, respectively. There was no stimulating effect of N fertilization on vegetative production, root biomass, or grain yield, indicating the existence of a large N pool in the rewetted peat soils. Nitrogen fertilization increased the contribution of rice C inputs to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool at the highest rate, but not to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pore water CH4 (CH4‐pore), or emitted CH4. Across treatments, plant‐derived C contributed up to 27% of emitted CH4, up to 9.1% of the DOC, and 13 to 78% of DIC. Negative N2O emissions were frequently observed during the growing season with a maximal consumption of –0.51 mg N2O m–2 d–1, which was not affected by N fertilization. These results demonstrate that N fertilization at rates up to 160 kg N ha–1 in rewetted degraded peat soils does not affect annual CH4 and N2O emissions.
“Gunshot injury to the pelvis”. The bullet voided through the urethra
Authors: Etabbal A , EL Shaikhy A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGunshot injuries (GSIs) are considered an emergency as life threatening. The gunshots injuries in the urinary tract are uncommon. The high-velocity of bullet can cause both a penetrating injury to the target organs as well as a blast injury to nearby structures, in addition to thermal injuries. In most cases, laparotomy is required to remove the bullet and to repair the injuries. The phenomenon of spontaneous migration of retained bullet to different parts of the body has been described in medical literature. Here, we present a patient who sustained penetrating GSI to the pelvis, without organ injuries, including the bladder. The bullet initially was retained within peri-vesical fat and the bladder wall while the mucosa remained intact, then it migrated into the bladder and came out through the urethra during voiding on the sixth day of the injury.
Ethnolinguistic Study of Local Wisdom in Ex-Residency of Surakarta
Authors: Abdullah Wakit 
Published: March 2017

This study discusses “the local wisdom summarized in the proverbs of the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta”. The purposes of this study are to describe (1) the background of the local wisdom as summarize in the proverbs of the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta, (2) to elaborate further reasons and specific times the people in Ex-residency of Surakarta employ the Javanese proverbs that summarize the local wisdom, and (3) explain the cultural meanings resided in the Javanese proverbs. This study employed ethnographic methods framed by the ethnolinguistic study to find the cultural meanings. Data and the data sources are categorized into primary and secondary data; the data collection method is done through the observation-participation and in-depth interview techniques; data analysis employed the ethnoscience model which underwent 12-phases of advanced research stages (of taxonomic, componential and domain analyses) to find the cultural themes; validity of the data is attested with the triangulation techniques (the triangulation of data, methods, researcher, and theory). The results encompassed (1) background of the local wisdom summarized in the Javanese proverbs expressed by the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta influenced by the cultural factors, the Javanese language, aesthetical, ethical, social, economical, political, and geographical factors; (2) the community in Ex-Surakarta expressed the Javanese proverb that summarizes local wisdom, the demands of fidelity to the culture is inevitable, media that facilitates the growth of the Javanese language, aesthetical and ethical motivations, social conditions, economical motivation, political media which show the geographical background; and (3) the cultural meaning of the Javanese proverbs which summarize the local wisdom of the community in Ex-residency of Surakarta, all of which are to show the courtesy, avoid direct confrontation, the proverbs also indicate levels of the beauty of the language use, nationalism, foster cooperation, develop the intellect.
INTRODUCTION TO HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS TREATMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Verma Niharika 
Published: March 2017

Hyperlipidemia is a family of disorders that are characterised by abnormally high levels of lipida (fats) in the blood. While fats play a vital role in the body’s metabolic processes, high blood levels of fats increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), are epidemic in India. According to American Heart Association, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and other government sources, cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death, accounting for more than 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. India has seen a rapid transition in its heart disease burden over the past couple of decades. Of the 30 million heart patients in India, 14 million reside in urban areas and 16 million in rural areas. If the current trend continues, by the year 2020, the burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases in India will surpass that of any other country in the world. The Registrar General of India reported that CHD led to 17% of total deaths and 26% of adult deaths in 2001-2003, which increased to 23% of total and 32% of adult deaths in 2010-2013. The global increase in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia is due to unhealthy eating habits, obesity and physical inactivity. The emergencies, risk factors and remedies are described in the literature. Hyperlipidemia, Coronary heart disease, lipoproteins
EDITORIAL: Journalism with integrity
Authors: Bacon Wendy 
Published: March 2017

This is the third issue Pacific Journalism Review has published on the theme of investigative journalism in recent years. Our first issue (PJR, 2011) followed the first regional Investigative Journalism conference held at the Pacific Media Centre at Auckland University of Technology in December 2010. In that issue, we argued that universities and academic journalists have an important role to play in building a culture of investigative reporting in the region. This issue follows up on that suggestion by focusing particularly on investigative journalism produced in an academic context. The second edition followed the ‘Back to the Source’ conference hosted by the Australian Centre for Investigative Journalism (ACIJ) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in September 2011 (PJR, 2012). Since our 2011 issue, pressures on the business model that once sustained high quality investigative journalism have continued to increase. As we go to press, photographers’ jobs at Fairfax media are threatened. Journalists have mobilised to focus public attention on the role of photographers as newsgatherers. Walkley Award-winning Fairfax photographer Kate Geraghty’s picture of asylum seekers holding up their identity cards as they are transported in buses into the Manus Island detention centre in Papua New Guinea in 2013 is a reminder of how images recorded by journalists courageous enough to defy official restrictions on media have both humanised and publicised the plight of asylum seekers in our region.
Journalists’ confidential sources: Reform lessons from recent Australian shield law cases
Authors: Fernandez Joseph 
Published: March 2017

That journalism, especially journalism delving into serious impropriety, relies heavily upon a journalist’s ability to honour promises of confiden­tiality to sources, and therefore needs protection, has been well acknowledged. Former Attorney-General Philip Ruddock in proposing protec­tion for journalists’ confidential sources—commonly referred to as shield law—in the first such major federal level initiative, said ‘[t]his privilege is an important reform to evidence law’ (Explanatory Memorandum, 2007); and in the circumstances then prevailing ‘the protection of journalists is too important an issue to wait’ (Philip Ruddock, Second Reading Speech, 2007). In one instance the court went so far as to say that the importance of source protection was ‘entirely unexceptionable and in accordance with human experience and common sense’ (Liu, 2010, para 51). Are journal­ists’ confidential sources better protected with the advent of statutory protection in several Australian jurisdictions? The media does not think so (MEAA, 2013). Former Attorney-General Mark Dreyfus observed towards the end of his term of office: ‘Recent court proceedings have highlighted the inadequacy of protections for journalists in some jurisdictions and lack of uniformity in laws across Australia’ (Dreyfus, 2013). The current Commonwealth government in relation to national uniform shield law is unclear. The Australian shield law framework beckons reform and recent events indicate some potential reform areas.
FRONTLINE: Journalism practice and critical reflexivity: A death in custody interview
Authors: Mason Bonita 
Published: March 2017

Critical reflexivity is a relatively recent strand in journalism studies. It has its advocates, but there are few models. This article offers one possible model, of one moment of practice: an interview with the mother-in-law of an Australian Indigenous woman who died an avoidable death in prison. The critically reflexive approach taken in this research accommodates the individual, social, objective and subjective elements in a practice, and uses the tools provided by Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice and Donald Schön’s work on reflective practice and the reflective practitioner. Together, these approaches provide different but complementary conceptual, ana­lytical, practice-based and narrative tools for making journalism practice, and journalists in the practice, an object of study. Critical reflexivity, by adding an inside perspective, is a valid method by which to add to the range of journalism studies that examine journalism from the outside. Such research allows for an inter-weaving of context, self, relationships, others, theory, history, facts, values and experiences, expanding and enriching our understanding of journalism practice and its place in society.Caption: Figure 1: 'The girl in Cell 4' article opening page of HQ, March/April 1997.
NOTED: Lost in translation
Authors: Robie David 
Published: March 2017

Reviewed book by Tim HoganNew Zealand media and journalists largely equate the ‘Pacific’ with Polynesia. The focus of reportage and understanding the region begins with the Cook islands and ends with Niue, Samoa and Tonga, with a limited grasp of Fiji. Anything west of Nadi, the Melanesian nations, gains cursory attention and Tahiti Nui (Polynesian) and Kanaky (Melanesian) are all but ignored.
Photoessay: Melanesian mythical places with unreported conflicts: A portrait
Authors: Bohane Ben 
Published: March 2017

As a photojournalist who has lived and journeyed through the ‘Black Islands’, Vanuatu resident Ben Bohane was drawn to them because they still seemed like mythical and remote places in an increasingly familiar world, while many of their conflicts went largely unreported. There were family connections too. So beginning in 1994, he ran a naval blockade to cover the war in Bougainville and soon found others too, wars the rest of the world had conveniently forgotten: in East Timor, West Papua as well as Bougainville. Then there were riots in New Caledonia, civil war in the Solomon Islands and coups in Fiji. The following is an introductory extract and a portfolio of images from Bohane's 2013 monograph, Black Islands: Spirit and War in Melanesia.Caption: Radio Free Bougainville on the air with ‘Philip’ at the microphone. Central Bougainville, PNG 1994 (p. 157). © BEN BOHANE
Noted: Modern activist journalism
Authors: Ellmers Steve 
Published: March 2017

Review of: Censored 2014: Fearless Speech in Fateful Times, by Mickey Huff and Andy Lee Roth with Project Censored. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2013, 431pp. ISBN 978-1-60980-484-7From its provocative title to its inclusion of contributions from observers like John Pilger, Censored 2014 provides no space for a counter narrative to its criticism of what it calls the corporate or establishment media. Heroes abound but they aren’t The New York Times or CNN. Instead we’re told it’s Bradley Manning, Glen Greenwald or Iceland who deserve praise rather than censure. The project feels there are three main stories which are routinely and deliberately ignored by existing media outlets: climate change, economic inequality and conflicts launched in the name of Empire. This last conclusion is one that goes uncontested even when chapters are devoted to how independent journalists are disparaged as conspiracy theorists by their mainstream rivals if they call attention to false flag terrorism, or demand full investigations into 9/11.