bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications for extreme midlatitude weather events of secondary flow associated with polar jets
Authors: Ren Diandong , Leslie Lance M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the Earth's general circulation, polar jets act as baroclinic pumps of angular momentum and heat. Reanalysis datasets indicate that shear changes near jets induce upward displacements of the jet cores, suggesting a weakening thermodynamic pumping over the last 50 years. From secondary flow theory, a well‐established principle in fluid dynamics, an increased frequency of heatwaves and persistent winter storms is expected. The ageostrophic wind shear between 700 and 50 hPa indicates the strength of this secondary circulation. The weakening tendency during the reanalysis period also exists in multimodel simulations under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario for the 21st century. The reduction between the periods 2005–2025 and 2081–2100 reaches 18%, 5.3% and 19%, respectively, for the North America, Mid‐Europe and East Asia sectors of the Northern Hemisphere polar jet. Within this background, cold‐surge events are the result of synergic co‐working of several factors. The occurrence trend for transitional season winter extreme events also is examined. The winter extremes seemingly have larger temperature drops. However, in a warming climate, they emerge more rapidly from extreme cold states. The storm tracks, especially over North America, have equatorward extensions, indicating that winter storms can reach lower latitudes. Due to the temperature‐dependence of air viscosity, secondary flows decrease more slowly than the main zonal flow. This imposes an important adjustment to the traditional polar amplification effects on midlatitude winter extremes. During a warmer winter (the primary manifestation of a warmer climate), spatially uniform positive trends in cold extreme events are not expected. There are, however, regions experiencing more winter extremes. These regions show consistent patterns in both the reanalysis period and the remainder of the 21st century.
Disorders of gut–brain interaction are common diagnoses among infants and toddlers in gastroenterology practices in Latin America
Authors: Velasco‐Benítez Carlos A. , Alvarez‐Baumgartner Maura , Ortiz‐Rivera Claudia J. , Velasco‐Suárez Daniela A. , Reynoso Zarzosa Fátima A. , Espriu Ramírez Mariana X. , Macías‐Flores Jorge A. , Zablah Córdova Roberto A. , Chanis Águila Ricardo A. , Mejía Castro Milton D. , Suazo Yunuen Rivera , Balda Amber N. , Saps Miguel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the relative frequency and associated factors of disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs) in outpatient gastrointestinal (GI) clinics in young children of Latin America.MethodsCross‐sectional study in 10 pediatric GI outpatient clinics (private and public) in five countries of Latin America (El Salvador, México, Colombia, Panamá, and Nicaragua). Parents of patients 1 month 4 years of age from outpatient clinics complete/d a diagnostic questionnaire for DGBIs per Rome IV criteria (QPGS‐IV, Spanish version). We conducted descriptive analysis, two‐sample t‐tests and chi‐square tests, univariate analyses, and logistic regression to evaluate risk factors.ResultsWe collected data from 783 children. In total, 34.5% had a DGBI. Overall, functional constipation (FC) was the most common diagnosis (23.4%) in children of all ages (infants, 16.1%, 1–4‐years‐old, 32.7%). In infants, the second most common DGBI was regurgitation (6.6%) and in 1–4‐years‐old and cyclic vomiting syndrome (4.1%). The diagnosis of a DGBI was significantly associated with a family history of DGBIs (odds ratio [OR] 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61–5.57, p = 0.0001). Patients who identified as black (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.28–3.92, p = 0.0021) or mixed race (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25–2.48, p = 0.0006) were also significantly associated with a higher likelihood of DGBIs.ConclusionsDGBIs are a common diagnosis in pediatric GI clinics of Latin America. Overall, FC was the most common DGBI.
How Travel Vlogs Contribute to Destination Marketing: A Comparison with DMO Promotional Videos and the Moderating Role of Destination Competitiveness
Authors: Zhou Ying , Jo WooMi , Flaherty Joan , Li Tongzhe 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis two‐part study examines how travel vlogs influence tourist behaviors and, consequently, their value in destination marketing. A convenience sample of 196 North Americans who belonged to Generation Y was collected via an online experiment. The first part adopted the Attention‐Interest‐Desire‐Action (AIDA) principle as the theoretical underpinning of how travel vlogs influence Gen Y travel behaviors, contrasting them with Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) promotional videos. It was found that travel vlogs impact tourist behavior by attracting tourists' attention, delivering realistic destination information, and inspiring them. The second part examined the relationship between destination competitiveness levels and willingness to pay (WTP), and the impact of travel vlogs and DMO promotional videos on this relationship. It was shown that destination competitiveness levels exert different impacts on WTP between travel vlogs and DMO promotional videos. This study enriches the tourism destination marketing literature and suggests that DMOs tailor their strategies based on destination competitiveness.
Effects of outdoor recreation on multiple vertebrate guilds in a fragmented sagebrush‐steppe ecosystem
Authors: Aberg Madeline C. , Coates Stephanie E. , Davis Lucian J. , Wright Benjamin W. , Mervin Richard L. , Carlisle Jay D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOutdoor recreational use is growing rapidly in the western United States, which increases the pressure on multiple‐use public lands. Balancing recreational use with conservation goals requires considering the spatial and temporal intensity of recreational use and examining its effects on multiple species within an ecosystem. In 2019–2021, we assessed the relationship between recreational intensity and the abundance of a dominant prey species (Piute ground squirrel [Urocitellus mollis]), the abundance of avian and mammalian facultative scavengers that rely on ground squirrels, and the abundance and nesting success of ground‐nesting birds at a national conservation area in southwestern Idaho, USA, where recreational shooting and off‐highway vehicle use are the primary recreational activities. Recreational intensity varied across the study site. The abundance of ground squirrels was not related to recreational intensity. The abundance of common ravens (Corvus corax) and the abundance of American badgers (Taxidea taxus), 2 common facultative scavengers, were both positively associated with recreational intensity, while the abundance of other avian facultative scavengers was not related to recreational intensity. The abundance of horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) and nesting success of long‐billed curlews (Numenius americanus), a more sensitive species, were negatively related to recreational intensity. Together, our results highlight the importance of considering variation in recreational intensity and the effect of recreation on multiple guilds within the ecosystem. An improved understanding of these relationships can be used with public land management to protect wildlife while providing opportunities for outdoor recreation.
Integrated Quad‐Color Nanoprinting and Tri‐Channel Holographic Encryption Meta‐Marks with Printable Metasurfaces
Authors: Gong Jintao , Xiong Lingxing , Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Hong Minghui , Luo Xiangang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOptical metasurfaces offer innovative approaches to manipulate the amplitude, phase, frequency, and polarization of light in localized regions, thus paving the way for a viable technology that can be applied in various domains, including structural coloration, multiplexed holography, and high‐resolution displays. To address the escalating need for sophisticated encryption, a novel quadruple‐security flexible plasmonic anti‐counterfeiting platform is proposed that utilizes printable centimeter‐scale (0.6 cm) metasurfaces. These metasurfaces feature four distinct signatures: They appear as color images under ambient incoherent white light, while projecting up to three different holograms under red, green, or blue circularly polarized laser illumination. Such holographic color nanoprintings are not only easily authenticated but also difficult to imitate, offering enhanced security in anti‐counterfeiting applications. The design of these multifunctional metasurfaces, which encode information solely in the surface relief of a single polymeric material with a silver coating, allows for efficient mass production through UV nanoimprinting lithography. Given the superior performance of these multifunctional plasmonic metasurfaces, this work presents tremendous potential in various fields such as multi‐level information security, cost‐effective anti‐counterfeiting, and many others.
Effect of Corrosion Wastage on the Limit States of Monopile‐Type Offshore Wind Turbines Under Combined Wind and Rotor Blade Rotation
Authors: Sindi Abdulaziz , Kim Hyeong Jin , Chaves Igor A. , Paik Jeom Kee 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn digital healthcare engineering (DHE) for aging monopile‐type offshore wind turbines, predictive health analysis is essential for robust future maintenance planning. This paper presents the development of a DHE module for the predictive health analysis of corroded monopile‐type offshore wind turbines, focusing on wind and rotor blade rotation effects. An empirical formula for predicting time‐variant corrosion wastage is derived from a statistical analysis of a decade‐long corrosion wastage database and applied to predict the corrosion depth of a 5 MW monopile‐type offshore wind turbine, serving as an illustrative example. Nonlinear finite element analyses using LS‐DYNA are performed on the corroded turbine tower under combined wind‐induced loads and rotor‐induced thrust forces. Two types of corrosion wastage, pitting, and uniform (general) corrosion, are considered. The health condition of the corroded tower is evaluated based on serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state criteria. The methodology developed in this paper will be integrated into the DHE system currently being developed by the authors for aging monopile‐type offshore wind turbines.
Catalytically active prokaryotic Argonautes employ phospholipase D family proteins to strengthen immunity against different genetic invaders
Authors: Cheng Feiyue , Wu Aici , Li Zhihua , Xu Jing , Cao Xifeng , Yu Haiying , Liu Zhenquan , Wang Rui , Han Wenyuan , Xiang Hua , Li Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProkaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) provide bacteria and archaea with immunity against plasmids and viruses. Catalytically active pAgos utilize short oligonucleotides as guides to directly cleave foreign nucleic acids, while inactive pAgos lacking catalytic residues employ auxiliary effectors, such as nonspecific nucleases, to trigger abortive infection upon detection of foreign nucleic acids. Here, we report a unique group of catalytically active pAgo proteins that frequently associate with a phospholipase D (PLD) family protein. We demonstrate that this particular system employs the catalytic center of the associated PLD protein rather than that of pAgo to restrict plasmid DNA, while interestingly, its immunity against a single‐stranded DNA virus relies on the pAgo catalytic center and is enhanced by the PLD protein. We also find that this system selectively suppresses viral DNA propagation without inducing noticeable abortive infection outcomes. Moreover, the pAgo protein alone enhances gene editing, which is unexpectedly inhibited by the PLD protein. Our data highlight the ability of catalytically active pAgo proteins to employ auxiliary proteins to strengthen the targeted eradication of different genetic invaders and underline the trend of PLD nucleases to participate in host immunity.
Understanding “local”: Prehispanic Maya mobility and diet at Pacbitun, Belize, using strontium, oxygen, sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen isotope values
Authors: Freiwald Carolyn , Rand Asta , Skaggs Sheldon , Powis Terry G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClassic period Maya populations were mobile, and both burial patterns and dietary analyses suggest that many movers were incorporated into local communities. This paper presents a multi‐isotopic (Sr, O, S, C, and N) study of the diet and mobility of 18 Late (AD 550–800) and Terminal Classic (AD 800–900) individuals from the site of Pacbitun, Belize. Three distinct isotope systems identify where people lived at different stages of life, from the childhood origins of migrant and local Pacbitun populations to their final residences. The enamel strontium isotope ratios of the Court 3 individuals were higher than local ranges established by faunal and human bone values, suggesting elite migration, or even residential mobility within the polity. Sulfur isotope values reveal information about the local population, where all but one individual in the sample lived at the site for many years before they died. The exception was an isotopically nonlocal individual in a dedicatory deposit, as reported in other studies. Diet also informs on the receiving community and how migrants assimilated, as people with local and nonlocal isotope values ate isotopically similar foods. Individuals from elite site core contexts and those in Pacbitun's peripheral settlements both consumed C4‐enriched proteins, though there were more isotopically diverse protein sources in peripheral settlements during the Terminal Classic period. Sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen isotope data also reveal some differences in where food was acquired, including use of nonlocal fauna. Combining isotope systems that sample different body tissues also may blur the line between migrants and locals, terms that may describe the same person at different stages of life and show the need for a more nuanced discussion of ancient mobility.
Congenital Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Not All Patients Require Open Repair
Authors: Adil Eelam , Francisco Sarah , Rahbar Reza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the management options for congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS).Study DesignCase series.SettingTertiary referral children's hospital.MethodsThe medical records of CNPAS patients managed from January 2015 to 2023 were reviewed for medical history, management, and outcomes.ResultsFifteen patients met inclusion criteria. Six patients (40.0%) had a central mega incisor and 4 (26.7%) had holoprosencephaly. Three (20%) patients were managed with medications alone. Mean PA width was similar between patients managed medically versus those managed surgically (mean width 6.2 ± 0.15 mm vs 6.1 ± 0.38 mm). Median age at first procedure was 50 (range 8‐263) days. Seven (46.7%) underwent an initial balloon nasal dilation and 5 (33.3%) underwent an open sublabial repair. Operative time was lower in the balloon dilation group (mean 27 vs 104 minutes). Five patients had a single balloon dilation and 2 required revision procedures: 1 underwent a second balloon dilation, and 1 patient underwent a subsequent open sublabial procedure. Four patients with an initial open sublabial approach returned to the operating room for nasal balloon dilation or debridement due to nasal synechiae.ConclusionThere has been general shift towards minimally invasive surgery. In our series, 8 (53.3%) patients were managed successfully with medical therapy or a single nasal balloon dilation procedure. Of those who underwent an open surgical repair, most (4/5) required a revision procedure due to synechiae. Given the relative success and lower operative time of balloon dilation, this option should be considered in the management algorithm for CNPAS.Level of evidence4.
Quantitative Spermidine Detection in Cosmetics using an Organic Transistor‐based Chemical Sensor
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Ohshiro Kohei , Kato Miyuki , Tanaka Hikaru , Yamagami Akari , Hagiya Kazutake , Minami Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpermidine is an essential biomarker related to antiaging. Although the detection of spermidine levels is in high demand in life science fields, easy‐to‐use analytical tools without sample purification have not yet been fully established. Herein, we propose an organic field‐effect transistor‐based chemical sensor for quantifying the spermidine concentration in commercial cosmetics. An extended‐gate structure was employed for organic field‐effect transistor (OFET)‐based chemical sensing in aqueous media. A coordination‐bond‐based sensing system was introduced into the OFET device to visualize the spermidine detection information through changes in the transistor characteristics. The extended‐gate‐type OFET has shown quantitative responses to spermidine, which indicates sufficient detectability (i. e., the limit of detection for spermidine: 2.3 μM) considering actual concentrations in cosmetics. The applicability of the OFET‐based chemical sensor for cosmetic analysis was validated by instrumental analysis using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The estimated recovery rates for spermidine in cosmetic ingredient products (108–111 %) suggest the feasibility of cosmetic analysis based on the OFET‐based chemical sensor.
Prognosis in elderly head and neck cancer patients without indication for treatment
Authors: Kadoya Koichi , Yagihara Kazuhiro , Katsurano Miki , Sumino Jun , Ishii Junichi , Maruta Noboru , Shibata Mari , Kim Yusoon , Ishikawa Ayataka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimWith an aging population, the number of older patients with head and neck malignancies is increasing. Some patients are not indicated for treatment because of their social condition or medical history. Prognostic data for patients with untreated head and neck elderly malignancies are scarce, making planning difficult. This study retrospectively examined older patients with oral malignancy who were ineligible for treatment and evaluated their prognostic factors.MethodsOf 658 patients with oral malignancies who visited the Saitama Cancer Center, those aged >75 years who were ineligible for curative treatment (chemotherapy or palliative treatment) were included. Patients who had been treated at other hospitals or had undergone palliative treatment, including radiotherapy, were excluded. Progress since the first visit was retrospectively collected based on data from electronic medical records.ResultsForty‐six patients were included in the study. The 12‐month survival rate was 10.6%, and the median overall survival was 6.0 months. The primary site was the maxillary gingiva (including the palate) in the largest number of patients (n = 15), and the disease stage was Stage III‐IV in the largest number of patients (n = 30). Although imaging evaluation was difficult in some patients because of their general condition, evaluating the primary site was predominantly associated with prognosis.ConclusionOverall, 8% of patients were deemed ineligible for treatment. The median overall survival was 6.0 months. We suggest that the evaluation of primary oral tumors may have prognostic significance.
Tuning the buckling behavior of slender, material extrusion manufactured collinear stayed polymer lattices
Authors: Ou Yating , Völlmecke Christina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel type of lightweight and high‐performance, collinear polymer lattice with the concept of stayed slender columns is presented, which is fabricated using extrusion–based additive manufacturing technology. The buckling and post‐buckling behavior of the stayed unit cells (UCs) and two‐dimensional lattices is investigated analytically and experimentally. The analytical study is performed with a three degree‐of‐freedom system based on the general theory of elastic stability with a Python‐based module “Pyfurc.” Uniaxial compression tests were performed on both UCs and lattices to observe the buckling behavior under applied end‐shortening. Experimental results indicate that the ultimate loads of the UCs and lattices with stays are significantly increased (approx. 4.4 times) compared to those without stays, which is achieved by adding minor weight. The study also investigated geometric imperfections in both the UCs and the lattice, and it is noteworthy that certain geometric imperfections were found to have a positive effect on the ultimate load capacity.
Changes in tropical leafing behaviour with climate change over nine decades: A case study from the Singapore Botanic Gardens
Authors: Ho Boon‐Chuan , Chia Edmund J. J. , Chong Kwek Yan , Tan Jolyn S. Y. , Tan Wan Xin , Lai Simin , Choo Thereis Y. S. , Tan Puay Yok , Er Kenneth B. H. 
Published: September 2024

Societal Impact StatementLong‐term phenology data is crucial to elucidate the effects of climate change on plants, but such efforts are lacking in the tropics. Historical records at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and ongoing phenological monitoring have allowed us to study leafing behaviour and its association with changing rainfall patterns over nine decades in equatorial Singapore. We found that the leafing behaviour of trees in our tropical site changed between 1927 and 2022. This study was made possible by assiduous past and present record‐keeping, and demonstrates the potential of botanical gardens as sentinels of environmental change, which is especially important in the tropics.Summary

Understanding tropical phenology and the potential impacts of a changing climate requires long‐term monitoring but such efforts are rare in the tropics. We took advantage of the availability of historical phenological and weather records at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and ongoing phenological monitoring to ask whether leafing behaviour has changed over an exceptionally long period of about nine decades, and whether these changes are associated with changing rainfall patterns in supposedly aseasonal Singapore.
Records of leaf flush intervals from 1927 to 1939 in the Singapore Botanic Gardens were compared against leaf flush intervals calculated from present‐day phenological monitoring conducted since 2016. Daily rainfall was modelled as a predictor of present‐day leaf flushing events using moving‐window analyses.
Leaf flush intervals have shortened considerably for most of the species that were monitored in the two periods. Mean daily rainfall over a window of 1 to 4 months before was negatively associated with probability of leaf flushing for five species and positively associated with four out of a total of 23 species analysed. Long‐term rainfall records from 1929 to 2022 show that February has become drier and May has become wetter since the 1960s.
The results consistently support that more distinctive dry and wet periods today compared to nine decades ago have resulted in more frequent leaf flushing, which may have implications for plant‐herbivore interactions, nutrient cycling and consequently plant health and ecosystem resilience. We also demonstrate the potential and importance of supporting long‐term research in botanical gardens in the tropics.