bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐extreme precipitation scaling: a two‐way causality?
Authors: Barbero R. , Westra S. , Lenderink G. , Fowler H. J. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTExtreme precipitation events are widely thought to intensify in a warmer atmosphere through the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation. The temperature‐extreme precipitation scaling was proposed to analyse the temperature dependency of short‐duration extreme precipitation and since then, the concept has been widely used in climatology. Bao et al. (2017) suggest that the apparent scaling reflects not only how surface air properties affect extreme precipitation, but also reflects how synoptic conditions and localized cooling due to the storm itself affect the scaling – implying two‐way causality. We address here critical issues of this paper and provide evidence that dew point temperature drives extreme precipitation, with the direction of causality reversed only for the storm's peak intensity. This physical inference may serve as a basis to better quantify scaling rates and to help establish the relationship between extreme precipitation and environmental conditions in the current climate, and thereby provide insights into future changes to precipitation extremes due to climate change.
Possible impacts of a changing climate on intense Ligurian Sea rainfall events
Authors: Gallus William A. , Parodi Antonio , Maugeri Maurizio 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe region near the Ligurian Sea in northwestern Italy occasionally experiences extreme rainfall events that can lead to catastrophic flooding. These events are often caused by back‐building mesoscale convective systems whose occurrence peaks during the autumn. Rapid warming of the Mediterranean Sea in recent decades has raised concerns that the warmer water may change the frequency or intensity of these rainfall events. To gain insight into possible impacts of the warming climate, surface wind and precipitation output from 12‐km horizontal grid spacing EXPRESS‐Hydro simulations of past and future climate are used to examine trends in the frequency of strong convergence and heavy rainfall events during both the past and the future climate. Strong convergence events are not found to increase in frequency in the future climate, but the rainfall associated with these events does increase. The area that experiences rainfall above a specified threshold along with the duration over which such conditions are experienced increases, especially during the autumn when increases are statistically significant. Peak 3‐hourly rainfall at a grid point does not increase in the future climate but total rain volume associated with these events does, reflecting the larger areal coverage and duration of the events.
Mechanical properties of Triclosan sutures
Authors: Jungwirth‐Weinberger Anna , Grubhofer Florian , Imam Mohamed A. , Bachmann Elias , Wirth Stephan 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTTo avoid infections and wound healing disorders, Triclosan coated sutures have been invented. Little is known of these sutures regarding their tensile properties. Three different Triclosan coated sutures (Vicryl 1 plus, PDS 0 plus, Monocryl 3‐0 plus) were tested at several time points over 42 days regarding load to failure, strain, and stiffness compared to their non‐coated versions (Vicryl 1, PDS 0, Monocryl 3‐0). Four different measurement points were made. Suture loops were fixed in a material testing machine over two metal bars which were moved apart creating a stress to the fiber. Unpaired, two‐tailed t‐test were performed for each group (untreated and treated) while level of significance was defined at a level of p < 0.05. Vicryl 1 was significantly stronger on day 14 than Vicryl 1 plus (p = 0.033). On day 28, significant changes were found in PDS 0 which was weaker compared to PDS 0 plus (p = 0.039) and Vicryl 1 which was stronger than Vicryl 1 plus (p = 0.032). We have seen that Vicryl 1 plus sutures are significantly weaker according to loading to failure after 14 and 28 days, which might cause incisional hernias. PDS 0 sutures are used to reconstruct tendons, therefore a longer durableness might be of interest as re‐ruptures of tendons are problematic. Our in vitro findings support, the use of Triclosan coated PDS plus sutures and Vicryl sutures as they show a longer resistance. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1777–1782, 2018.
Clinical outcomes in breast angiosarcoma patients: A rare tumor with unique challenges
Authors: Gervais Mai‐Kim , Burtenshaw Sally M. , Maxwell Jessica , Dickson Brendan c. , Catton Charles N. , Blackstein Martin , McCready David , Escallon Jaime , Gladdy Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundBreast angiosarcoma (AS) accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers. The goal of this study was to determine patient outcomes in radiation‐associated angiosarcoma of the breast (RAAS) and sporadic AS. We evaluated patterns of recurrence and predictors of breast AS survival.MethodsPatients with pathologically confirmed AS from 1994 to 2014 referred to Mount Sinai Hospital/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre were included. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were disease‐free survival (DFS), clinicopathologic characteristics, patterns of recurrence and factors predictive of survival. Kaplan‐Meier and log‐rank tests were used for OS and DFS.ResultsTwenty‐six patients were included: 6 with sporadic AS and 20 with RAAS. Median follow‐up was 24 months. Five‐year OS for RAAS and sporadic subgroups were 44% and 40%, respectively (P = ns). Five‐year DFS for RAAS and sporadic subgroups were 23% and 20%, respectively (P = ns). Overall recurrence rate was 67% with median time to recurrence of 11 months. Age, tumor depth, margin status, and tumor size were not statistically significant predictive factors for OS and DFS.DiscussionBreast AS is associated with poor survival and high recurrence rates. Prognosis may be mainly determined by its aggressive biology. Referral to tertiary care centers for multimodality treatment is recommended.
Perioperative cytokine levels portend early death after pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lewis Heather L. , Chakedis Jeff M. , Talbert Erin , Haverick Ericka , Rajasekera Priyani , Hart Philip , Bloomston Mark , Dillhoff Mary , Pawlik Timothy M. , Guttridge Denis , Schmidt Carl R. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundSoluble signaling molecules may play an important role in malignant pathogenesis. We hypothesize that perioperative cytokine levels are associated with outcomes in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergoing surgical resection.MethodsOne hundered and eighteen patients with benign or malignant pancreatic disease were enrolled in a prospective study through a protocol for banking biologic samples. Peripheral blood was drawn at time of operation, and a multiplex cytokine assay was performed. Statistical analysis was via χ2 and Kaplan Meier methods.ResultsOf 118 patients enrolled, 85 (72%) had a diagnosis of PDAC, and 60 (70%) ultimately underwent partial pancreatectomy. Cytokine levels were not associated with postoperative complications in this initial cohort. A plasma level of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) pg/mL ≤118 was associated with better overall survival (OS) (median survival 21 months vs 12.8 months, P = 0.023), as was non‐detectable interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) (19 months) versus detectable IL‐8 (12.8 months, P = 0.05). Patients with both MCP‐1 >118 pg/mL and detectable IL‐8 had a median survival of 10.6 months (P = 0.028).ConclusionsMCP‐1 and IL‐8 cytokine levels are associated with decreased survival following pancreatectomy for PDAC, and may be useful biomarkers. Measurement of these cytokine levels at different time points in future investigations will be important to validate these findings.
Diagnostic staging laparoscopy in gastric cancer treatment: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Li Kevin , Cannon John G.D. , Jiang Sam Y. , Sambare Tanmaya D. , Owens Douglas K. , Bendavid Eran , Poultsides George A. 
Published: December 2017

Background and ObjectivesAccurate preoperative staging helps avert morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with non‐therapeutic laparotomy in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Diagnostic staging laparoscopy (DSL) can detect metastases with high sensitivity, but its cost‐effectiveness has not been previously studied. We developed a decision analysis model to assess the cost‐effectiveness of preoperative DSL in GC workup.MethodsAnalysis was based on a hypothetical cohort of GC patients in the U.S. for whom initial imaging shows no metastases. The cost‐effectiveness of DSL was measured as cost per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained. Drivers of cost‐effectiveness were assessed in sensitivity analysis.ResultsPreoperative DSL required an investment of $107 012 per QALY. In sensitivity analysis, DSL became cost‐effective at a threshold of $100 000/QALY when the probability of occult metastases exceeded 31.5% or when test sensitivity for metastases exceeded 86.3%. The likelihood of cost‐effectiveness increased from 46% to 93% when both parameters were set at maximum reported values.ConclusionsThe cost‐effectiveness of DSL for GC patients is highly dependent on patient and test characteristics, and is more likely when DSL is used selectively where procedure yield is high, such as for locally advanced disease or in detecting peritoneal and superficial versus deep liver lesions.
A simple approach to prepare a sulfone‐embedded stationary phase for HPLC
Authors: Liu Dan , Qiao Ting , Liu Haiyan , Wang Xiaoling , Shi Zhi‐guo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the present study, a polar‐embedded reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic stationary phase that contained internal sulfone groups was prepared. The synthesis involved the “thiol‐ene” click chemistry between the vinyl functionalized silica and 1‐octadecanethiol, followed by the oxidization of sulfide to sulfone groups. The resulting material simultaneously possessed the alkyl chain, i.e. C18, and the internal sulfone groups. Elemental analysis demonstrates that the element contents of the C18/sulfone silica were C 8.94%, H 1.87% and S 0.66%. Chromatographic evaluations indicate that the C18/sulfone stationary phase exhibited a little less retention than the C18/sulfide one. A comparable chromatographic performance of neutral analytes was obtained on these two columns, but much better chromatographic performance in the case of basic and acid analytes was obtained on C18/sulfone stationary phase with additional features such as lower silanol activity, better stability (stable working conditions of pH 1.0–10.0), and better compatibility with 100% aqueous mobile phases. The batch‐to‐batch reproducibility was acceptable (the RSDs of retention times for the probes were no higher than 1.73%), demonstrating the suitability of the applied synthetic strategy for the new stationary phase. The C18/sulfone is a promising polar‐embedded RPLC stationary phase.
Trace quantification of selected sulfonamides in aqueous media by implementation of a new dispersive solid‐phase extraction method using a nanomagnetic titanium dioxide graphene‐based sorbent and HPLC‐UV
Authors: Izanloo Maryam , Esrafili Ali , Behbahani Mohammad , Ghambarian Mahnaz , Reza Sobhi Hamid 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerein, a new dispersive solid‐phase extraction method using a nano magnetic titanium dioxide graphene‐based sorbent in conjunction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection was successfully developed. The method was proved to be simple, sensitive, and highly efficient for the trace quantification of sulfacetamide, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadiazine in relatively large volume of aqueous media. Initially, the nano magnetic titanium dioxide graphene‐based sorbent was successfully synthesized and subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Then, the sorbent was used for the sorption and extraction of the selected sulfonamides mainly through π–π stacking hydrophobic interactions. Under the established conditions, the calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1–200 μg/L. The limit of quantification (precision of 20%, and accuracy of 80–120%) for the detection of each sulfonamide by the proposed method was 1.0 μg/L. To test the extraction efficiency, the method was applied to various fortified real water samples. The average relative recoveries obtained from the fortified samples varied between 90 and 108% with the relative standard deviations of 5.3–10.7%.
Sense of place relationship with tourist satisfaction and intentional revisit: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Abou‐Shouk Mohamed A. , Zoair Nagoua , El‐Barbary Mohamed N. , Hewedi Mahmoud M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSense of place is a multidimensional concept. It implies an emotional relationship between an individual and a setting. The current study aims to explore the predictors of place attachment, and measure the effect of place attachment and its predictors on tourist satisfaction, and how this satisfaction could affect tourist future revisits. Using structural equation modelling, this study provides evidence from two distinct places in Egypt: Bahariya Oasis/the White Desert and Fayoum. A questionnaire was used to collect data from repeat tourists to both places. The findings revealed that repeat tourists are place attached. This attachment is positively influencing tourist satisfaction and their intentional repeat visit. The findings of the study could be used to develop marketing strategies of destinations with sense of place dimensions. Tour operators and travel agents are requested to include sense of place dimensions in their tour packages. National authorities are invited to focus on sense of place dimensions in their destinations.
Subdermal Ultrasound Contrast Agent Injection for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification: An Analysis of Safety and Contrast Agent Dose in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Machado Priscilla , Stanczak Maria , Liu Ji‐Bin , Moore Jason N. , Eisenbrey John R. , Needleman Laurence , Kraft Walter K. , Forsberg Flemming 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesMapping of the lymphatic chain for identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is an important aspect of predicting outcomes for patients with breast cancer, and it is usually performed as an intraoperative procedure using blue dye and/or radiopharmaceutical agents. Recently, the use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been proposed as an alternative imaging technique for this mapping. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of subdermal administration of the ultrasound (US) contrast agent Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) in terms of patient safety and to select the dose to be used for lymphatic applications in humans.MethodsThis study was performed in 12 female volunteers who received bilateral subdermal injections of Sonazoid (1 or 2 mL dose) in the mid‐upper outer quadrant of their breasts at 2 different time points. Contrast‐enhanced US examinations were performed 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after injection to identify SLNs.ResultsSentinel lymph nodes were identified within the first hour after injection as enhanced structures, and there was no significant difference by dose in the number of SLNs identified (P = .74). The volunteers only had minor adverse experiences (AEs) that resolved completely without intervention by study completion.ConclusionsThe subdermal use of Sonazoid in this study showed only minor local and nonsignificant AEs that were completely resolved without any intervention. Two different doses were compared with no significant differences observed between them. Hence, the lower dose studied (1 mL) was selected for use in future clinical studies.
Comparative Study of In Situ Loaded Antibody and PEG‐Fab NIPAAM Gels
Authors: Awwad Sahar , Al‐Shohani Athmar , Khaw Peng T. , Brocchini Steve 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHydrogels can potentially prolong the release of a therapeutic protein, especially to treat blinding conditions. One challenge is to ensure that the protein and hydrogel are intimately mixed by better protein entanglement within the hydrogel. N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) gels are optimized with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEDGA) crosslinker in the presence of either bevacizumab or PEG conjugated ranibizumab (PEG10‐Fabrani). The release profiles of the hydrogels are evaluated using an outflow model of the eye, which is previously validated for human clearance of proteins. Release kinetics of in situ loaded bevacizumab‐NIPAAM gels displays a prolonged bimodal release profile in phosphate buffered saline compared to bevacizumab loaded into a preformed NIPAAM gel. Bevacizumab release in simulated vitreous from in situ loaded gels is similar to bevacizumab control indicating that diffusion through the vitreous rather than from the gel is rate limiting. Ranibizumab is site‐specifically PEGylated by disulfide rebridging conjugation. Prolonged and continuous release is observed with the in situ loaded PEG10‐Fabrani‐NIPAAM gels compared to PEG10‐Fabrani injection (control). Compared to an unmodified protein, there is better mixing due to PEG entanglement and compatibility of PEG10‐Fabrani within the NIPAAM‐PEDGA hydrogel. These encouraging results suggest that the extended release of PEGylated proteins in the vitreous can be achieved using injectable hydrogels.
Multiple‐Level Porous Polymer Monoliths with Interconnected Cellular Topology Prepared by Combining Hard Sphere and Emulsion Templating for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Paljevac Muzafera , Gradišnik Lidija , Lipovšek Saška , Maver Uroš , Kotek Jiři , Krajnc Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA combination of hard sphere and high internal phase emulsion templating gives a platform for synthesizing hierarchically porous polymers with a unique topology exhibiting interconnected spherical features on multiple levels. Polymeric spheres are fused by thermal sintering to create a 3D monolithic structure while an emulsion with a high proportion of internal phase and monomers in the continuous phase is added to the voids of the previously constructed monolith. Following polymerization of the emulsion and dissolution of the templating structure, a down‐replicating topology is created with a primary level of pores as a result of fused spheres of the 3D monolithic structure, a secondary level of pores resulting from the emulsion's internal phase, and a tertiary level of interconnecting channels. Thiol‐ene chemistry with divinyladipate and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) is used to demonstrate the preparation of a crosslinked polyester with overall porosity close to 90%. Due to multilevel porosity, such materials are interesting for applications in bone tissue engineering, possibly simulating the native sponge like bone structure. Their potential to promote ossteointegration is tested using human bone derived osteoblasts. Material–cell interactions are evaluated and they reveal growth and proliferation of osteoblasts both on surface and in the bulk of the scaffold.
A Dual‐Crosslinked Strategy to Construct Physical Hydrogels with High Strength, Toughness, Good Mechanical Recoverability, and Shape‐Memory Ability
Authors: Qin Zhihui , Niu Rui , Tang Chenjue , Xia Jun , Ji Feng , Dong Dianyu , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Shuo , Li Junjie , Yao Fanglian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel type of physical hydrogel based on dual‐crosslinked strategy is successfully synthesized by micellar copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate, acrylamide, and acrylic acid, and subsequent introduction of Fe3+. Strong hydrophobic associations among poly(stearyl methacrylate) blocks form the first crosslinking point and ionic coordination bonds between carboxyl groups and Fe3+ serve as the second crosslinking point. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel can be tuned in a wide range by controlling the densities of two crosslinks. The optimal hydrogel shows excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of ≈6.8 MPa, elastic modulus of ≈8.0 MPa, elongation of ≈1000%, toughness of 53 MJ m−3) and good self‐recovery property. Furthermore, owing to stimuli responsiveness of physical interaction, this hydrogel also shows a triple shape memory effect. The combination of two different physical interactions in a single network provides a general strategy for designing of high‐strength hydrogels with functionalities.
Honeycomb Surface with Shape Memory Behavior Fabricated via Breath Figure Process
Authors: Wu Chien Hsin , Lu Chih Sheng , Chen Wei Lun , Tung Shih Huang , Jeng Ru Jong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA bio‐inspired honeycomb pattern that exhibits shape memory behavior is successfully fabricated via the breath figure process. By the surface modification along with a chemical crosslinking process to enhance the recoverability, this honeycomb‐like structure with shape memory behavior is realized. The surface wettability is dependent on the surface topography controlled by the deformation of temporary shape (elliptical circle) and recovery of the permanent shape (round circle) at the microscopic scales without the need of micromolding or expensive lithography strategy. This approach opens a facile route to an efficient, inexpensive, and versatile method to prepare films with switchable wettability.
The establishment of optimal ground‐based radar datasets by comparison and correlation analyses with space‐borne radar data
Authors: Han Jing , Chu Zhigang , Wang Zhenhui , Xu Dan , Li Nan , Kou Leilei , Xu Fen , Zhu Yiqing 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTCalibration error, due to ground‐based radar (GR) hardware parameters, introduces biases to GR reflectivity factor data. As a result of this, GR observations from the China new‐generation weather radar network have sometimes been found to be inconsistent, even when observing precipitation in the same area. In this paper a method, called the Available Best Comparable Data set (ABCD) method, is proposed. The method evaluates the radar reflectivity bias in GR datasets by using TRMM Standard Product (TSP) 2A25 data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite‐borne precipitation radar (PR). The analysis is supported by simultaneous measurement data from two precipitation events that occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River between June and July 2010; data were collected during these events by three radars in Nanjing, Changzhou and Nantong (Jiangsu province, China). The ABCD method could correct deviations in the GR reflectivity factors; the GR‐corrected values were consistent with those observed by automatic weather stations. The method can be applied to improve the quality of precipitation data products from the GR network and their quantitative application for the southern region in China.