bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood meal acquisition enhances arbovirus replication in mosquitoes through activation of the GABAergic system
Authors: Zhu Yibin , Zhang Rudian , Zhang Bei , Zhao Tongyan , Wang Penghua , Liang Guodong , Cheng Gong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMosquitoes are hematophagous insects that carry-on and transmit many human viruses. However, little information is available regarding the common mechanisms underlying the infection of mosquitoes by these viruses. In this study, we reveal that the hematophagous nature of mosquitoes contributes to arboviral infection after a blood meal, which suppresses antiviral innate immunity by activating the GABAergic pathway. dsRNA-mediated interruption of the GABA signaling and blockage of the GABAA receptor by the specific inhibitors both significantly impaired arbovirus replication. Consistently, inoculation of GABA enhanced arboviral infection, indicating that GABA signaling facilitates the arboviral infection of mosquitoes. The ingestion of blood by mosquitoes resulted in robust GABA production from glutamic acid derived from blood protein digestion. The oral introduction of glutamic acid increased virus acquisition by mosquitoes via activation of the GABAergic system. Our study reveals that blood meals enhance arbovirus replication in mosquitoes through activation of the GABAergic system.
Sequence and entropy-based control of complex coacervates
Authors: Chang Li-Wei , Lytle Tyler K. , Radhakrishna Mithun , Madinya Jason J. , Vélez Jon , Sing Charles E. , Perry Sarah L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBiomacromolecules rely on the precise placement of monomers to encode information for structure, function, and physiology. Efforts to emulate this complexity via the synthetic control of chemical sequence in polymers are finding success; however, there is little understanding of how to translate monomer sequence to physical material properties. Here we establish design rules for implementing this sequence-control in materials known as complex coacervates. These materials are formed by the associative phase separation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes into polyelectrolyte dense (coacervate) and polyelectrolyte dilute (supernatant) phases. We demonstrate that patterns of charges can profoundly affect the charge–charge associations that drive this process. Furthermore, we establish the physical origin of this pattern-dependent interaction: there is a nuanced combination of structural changes in the dense coacervate phase and a 1D confinement of counterions due to patterns along polymers in the supernatant phase.
Inflating hollow nanocrystals through a repeated Kirkendall cavitation process
Authors: Tianou He , Wang Weicong , Yang Xiaolong , Cao Zhenming , Kuang Qin , Wang Zhao , Shan Zhiwei , Jin Mingshang , Yin Yadong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Kirkendall effect has been recently used to produce hollow nanostructures by taking advantage of the different diffusion rates of species involved in the chemical transformations of nanoscale objects. Here we demonstrate a nanoscale Kirkendall cavitation process that can transform solid palladium nanocrystals into hollow palladium nanocrystals through insertion and extraction of phosphorus. The key to success in producing monometallic hollow nanocrystals is the effective extraction of phosphorus through an oxidation reaction, which promotes the outward diffusion of phosphorus from the compound nanocrystals of palladium phosphide and consequently the inward diffusion of vacancies and their coalescence into larger voids. We further demonstrate that this Kirkendall cavitation process can be repeated a number of times to gradually inflate the hollow metal nanocrystals, producing nanoshells of increased diameters and decreased thicknesses. The resulting thin palladium nanoshells exhibit enhanced catalytic activity and high durability toward formic acid oxidation.
Spermine synthase deficiency causes lysosomal dysfunction and oxidative stress in models of Snyder-Robinson syndrome
Authors: Li Chong , Brazill Jennifer M. , Liu Sha , Bello Christofer , Zhu Yi , Morimoto Marie , Cascio Lauren , Pauly Rini , Diaz-Perez Zoraida , Malicdan May Christine V. , Wang Hongbo , Boccuto Luigi , Schwartz Charles E. , Gahl William A. , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Zhai R. Grace 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPolyamines are tightly regulated polycations that are essential for life. Loss-of-function mutations in spermine synthase (SMS), a polyamine biosynthesis enzyme, cause Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS), an X-linked intellectual disability syndrome; however, little is known about the neuropathogenesis of the disease. Here we show that loss of dSms in Drosophila recapitulates the pathological polyamine imbalance of SRS and causes survival defects and synaptic degeneration. SMS deficiency leads to excessive spermidine catabolism, which generates toxic metabolites that cause lysosomal defects and oxidative stress. Consequently, autophagy–lysosome flux and mitochondrial function are compromised in the Drosophila nervous system and SRS patient cells. Importantly, oxidative stress caused by loss of SMS is suppressed by genetically or pharmacologically enhanced antioxidant activity. Our findings uncover some of the mechanisms underlying the pathological consequences of abnormal polyamine metabolism in the nervous system and may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating SRS and other polyamine-associated neurological disorders.
Hedgehog mediated degradation of Ihog adhesion proteins modulates cell segregation in Drosophila wing imaginal discs
Authors: Hsia Elaine Y. C. , Zhang Ya , Tran Hai Son , Lim Agnes , Chou Ya-Hui , Lan Ganhui , Beachy Philip A. , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Drosophila Hedgehog receptor functions to regulate the essential downstream pathway component, Smoothened, and to limit the range of signaling by sequestering Hedgehog protein signal within imaginal disc epithelium. Hedgehog receptor function requires both Patched and Ihog activity, the latter interchangeably encoded by interference hedgehog (ihog) or brother of ihog (boi). Here we show that Patched and Ihog activity are mutually required for receptor endocytosis and degradation, triggered by Hedgehog protein binding, and causing reduced levels of Ihog/Boi proteins in a stripe of cells at the anterior/posterior compartment boundary of the wing imaginal disc. This Ihog spatial discontinuity may contribute to classically defined cell segregation and lineage restriction at the anterior/posterior wing disc compartment boundary, as suggested by our observations that Ihog activity mediates aggregation of otherwise non-adherent cultured cells and that loss of Ihog activity disrupts wing disc cell segregation, even with downstream genetic rescue of Hedgehog signal response.
Evolution of Weyl orbit and quantum Hall effect in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Narayan Awadhesh , Lu Shiheng , Zhang Jinglei , Zhang Huiqin , Ni Zhuoliang , Yuan Xiang , Liu Yanwen , Park Ju-Hyun , Zhang Enze , Wang Weiyi , Liu Shanshan , Cheng Long , Pi Li , Sheng Zhigao , Sanvito Stefano , Xiu Faxian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOwing to the coupling between open Fermi arcs on opposite surfaces, topological Dirac semimetals exhibit a new type of cyclotron orbit in the surface states known as Weyl orbit. Here, by lowering the carrier density in Cd3As2 nanoplates, we observe a crossover from multiple-frequency to single-frequency Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations when subjected to out-of-plane magnetic field, indicating the dominant role of surface transport. With the increase of magnetic field, the SdH oscillations further develop into quantum Hall state with non-vanishing longitudinal resistance. By tracking the oscillation frequency and Hall plateau, we observe a Zeeman-related splitting and extract the Landau level index as well as sub-band number. Different from conventional two-dimensional systems, this unique quantum Hall effect may be related to the quantized version of Weyl orbits. Our results call for further investigations into the exotic quantum Hall states in the low-dimensional structure of topological semimetals.
Calculating with light using a chip-scale all-optical abacus
Authors: Feldmann J. , Stegmaier M. , Gruhler N. , Ríos C. , Bhaskaran H. , Wright C. D. , Pernice W. H. P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMachines that simultaneously process and store multistate data at one and the same location can provide a new class of fast, powerful and efficient general-purpose computers. We demonstrate the central element of an all-optical calculator, a photonic abacus, which provides multistate compute-and-store operation by integrating functional phase-change materials with nanophotonic chips. With picosecond optical pulses we perform the fundamental arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, including a carryover into multiple cells. This basic processing unit is embedded into a scalable phase-change photonic network and addressed optically through a two-pulse random access scheme. Our framework provides first steps towards light-based non-von Neumann arithmetic.
Impact of diet-derived signaling molecules on human cognition: exploring the food–brain axis
Authors: Rodriguez Raymond L. , Albeck John G. , Taha Ameer Y. , Ori-McKenney Kassandra M. , Recanzone Gregg H. , Stradleigh Tyler W. , Hernandez Bronte C. , Tang Feng-Yao Vincent , Chiang En-Pei Isabel , Cruz-Orengo Lillian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe processes that define mammalian physiology evolved millions of years ago in response to ancient signaling molecules, most of which were acquired by ingestion and digestion. In this way, evolution inextricably linked diet to all major physiological systems including the nervous system. The importance of diet in neurological development is well documented, although the mechanisms by which diet-derived signaling molecules (DSMs) affect cognition are poorly understood. Studies on the positive impact of nutritive and non-nutritive bioactive molecules on brain function are encouraging but lack the statistical power needed to demonstrate strong positive associations. Establishing associations between DSMs and cognitive functions like mood, memory and learning are made even more difficult by the lack of robust phenotypic markers that can be used to accurately and reproducibly measure the effects of DSMs. Lastly, it is now apparent that processes like neurogenesis and neuroplasticity are embedded within layers of interlocked signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks. Within these interdependent pathways and networks, the various transducers of DSMs are used combinatorially to produce those emergent adaptive gene expression responses needed for stimulus-induced neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Taken together, it appears that cognition is encoded genomically and modified by epigenetics and epitranscriptomics to produce complex transcriptional programs that are exquisitely sensitive to signaling molecules from the environment. Models for how DSMs mediate the interplay between the environment and various neuronal processes are discussed in the context of the food–brain axis.
Genome expansion and lineage-specific genetic innovations in the forest pathogenic fungi Armillaria
Authors: Sipos György , Prasanna Arun N. , Walter Mathias C. , O’Connor Eoin , Bálint Balázs , Krizsán Krisztina , Kiss Brigitta , Hess Jaqueline , Varga Torda , Slot Jason , Riley Robert , Bóka Bettina , Rigling Daniel , Barry Kerrie , Lee Juna , Mihaltcheva Sirma , LaButti Kurt , Lipzen Anna , Waldron Rose , Moloney Nicola M. , Sperisen Christoph , Kredics László , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Patrignani Andrea , Fitzpatrick David , Nagy István , Doyle Sean , Anderson James B. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Güldener Ulrich , Münsterkötter Martin , Nagy László G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractArmillaria species are both devastating forest pathogens and some of the largest terrestrial organisms on Earth. They forage for hosts and achieve immense colony sizes via rhizomorphs, root-like multicellular structures of clonal dispersal. Here, we sequenced and analysed the genomes of four Armillaria species and performed RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis on the invasive and reproductive developmental stages of A. ostoyae. Comparison with 22 related fungi revealed a significant genome expansion in Armillaria, affecting several pathogenicity-related genes, lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and lineage-specific genes expressed during rhizomorph development. Rhizomorphs express an evolutionarily young transcriptome that shares features with the transcriptomes of both fruiting bodies and vegetative mycelia. Several genes show concomitant upregulation in rhizomorphs and fruiting bodies and share cis-regulatory signatures in their promoters, providing genetic and regulatory insights into complex multicellularity in fungi. Our results suggest that the evolution of the unique dispersal and pathogenicity mechanisms of Armillaria might have drawn upon ancestral genetic toolkits for wood-decay, morphogenesis and complex multicellularity.
GP73 regulates Hepatic Steatosis by enhancing SCAP-SREBPs interaction
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Wu Feixiang , Chen Jiankang , Wang Cui , Zhu Yongjie , Li Feng , Hao Qinfang , Duan Cuijuan , Wang Li , Ma Xueping , Zou Deyong , Luo Li , Zhao Yiwen , Guan Kai , Cao Yuan , Zhang Pingping , Zhou Pengyu , Ma Shengli , Yan Zhifeng , Li Jia , Zhang Yanhong , Wei Congwen , Zhong Hui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractElevated Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GP73, also known as GOLPH2 or GOLM1) expression in serum and liver, which can be induced by viral infection and cytokine treatments, is intimately connected with liver disease, including acute hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its pathogenic roles in hepatic diseases have never been clarified in detail. Here, we showed that the upregulated GP73 is indispensable for SREBPs activation and lipogenesis. Notably, GP73 overexpression enhanced SCAP-SREBPs binding and its Golgi trafficking even under cholesterol sufficiency. Consistent with these functional findings, GP73 blockage could alleviate tunicamycin-induced liver steatosis by reducing SREBPs activation. A significant positive correlation of GP73 with genes in lipid metabolism pathway was also identified in liver cancer based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Our findings revealed previously unrecognized role of GP73 in lipid metabolism.
Using phage display technology to obtain Crybodies active against non-target insects
Authors: Domínguez-Flores Tania , Romero-Bosquet María Dolores , Gantiva-Díaz Diana Marcela , Luque-Navas María José , Berry Colin , Osuna Antonio , Vílchez Susana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe insecticidal Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly important in the biological control of insect pests and vectors of human disease. Markets for Bt products and transgenic plants expressing their toxins are driven by their specificity, safety and the move away from chemical control agents. However, the high specificity of Cry toxins can also prove to be a limitation when there is no known Cry toxin active against a particular target. Novel activities can be discovered by screening natural Bt isolates or through modifications of the Cry proteins. Here we demonstrate the use of λ-phage displaying Cry1Aa13 toxin variants modified in domain II loop 2 (Crybodies) to select retargeted toxins. Through biopanning using gut tissue from larvae of the non-target insect Aedes aegypti, we isolated a number of phage for further testing. Two of the overexpressed Cry toxin variants showed significant activity against A. aegypti larvae while another induced mortality at the pupal stage. We present the first report of the use of phage display to identify novel activities toward insects from distant taxonomic Orders and establish this technology based on the use of Crybodies as a powerful tool for developing tailor-made insecticides against new target insects.
Wavelength-tunable passively mode-locked mid-infrared Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser
Authors: Shen Yanlong , Wang Yishan , Chen Hongwei , Luan Kunpeng , Tao Mengmeng , Si Jinhai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA passively mode-locked Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser around 3 μm with a wide wavelength tuning range is proposed and demonstrated. The laser cavity was comprised of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and a blazed grating to provide a wavelength tunable feedback. The central wavelength of the mode-locked fiber laser can be continuously tuned from 2710 to 2820 nm. The pulse train had a maximum average power of higher than 203 mW, a repetition rate of 28.9 MHz and a pulse duration of 6.4 ps, yielding a peak power of exceeding 1.1 kW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a wavelength-tunable passively mode-locked mid-infrared fiber laser at 3 μm.
Long-latency interhemispheric interactions between motor-related areas and the primary motor cortex: a dual site TMS study
Authors: Fiori Francesca , Chiappini Emilio , Candidi Matteo , Romei Vincenzo , Borgomaneri Sara , Avenanti Alessio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe primary motor cortex (M1) is highly influenced by premotor/motor areas both within and across hemispheres. Dual site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) has revealed interhemispheric interactions mainly at early latencies. Here, we used dsTMS to systematically investigate long-latency causal interactions between right-hemisphere motor areas and the left M1 (lM1). We stimulated lM1 using a suprathreshold test stimulus (TS) to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the right hand. Either a suprathreshold or a subthreshold conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied over the right M1 (rM1), the right ventral premotor cortex (rPMv), the right dorsal premotor cortex (rPMd) or the supplementary motor area (SMA) prior to the TS at various CS-TS inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs: 40–150 ms). The CS strongly affected lM1 excitability depending on ISI, CS site and intensity. Inhibitory effects were observed independently of CS intensity when conditioning PMv, rM1 and SMA at a 40-ms ISI, with larger effects after PMv conditioning. Inhibition was observed with suprathreshold PMv and rM1 conditioning at a 150-ms ISI, while site-specific, intensity-dependent facilitation was detected at an 80-ms ISI. Thus, long-latency interhemispheric interactions, likely reflecting indirect cortico-cortical/cortico-subcortical pathways, cannot be reduced to nonspecific activation across motor structures. Instead, they reflect intensity-dependent, connection- and time-specific mechanisms.
Tracing Acetylene Dissolved in Transformer Oil by Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrum
Authors: Ma Guo-ming , Zhao Shu-jing , Jiang Jun , Song Hong-tu , Li Cheng-rong , Luo Ying-ting , Wu Hao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDissolved gas analysis (DGA) is widely used in monitoring and diagnosing of power transformer, since the insulation material in the power transformer decomposes gases under abnormal operation condition. Among the gases, acetylene, as a symbol of low energy spark discharge and high energy electrical faults (arc discharge) of power transformer, is an important monitoring parameter. The current gas detection method used by the online DGA equipment suffers from problems such as cross sensitivity, electromagnetic compatibility and reliability. In this paper, an optical gas detection system based on TDLAS technology is proposed to detect acetylene dissolved in transformer oil. We selected a 1530.370 nm laser in the near infrared wavelength range to correspond to the absorption peak of acetylene, while using the wavelength modulation strategy and Herriott cell to improve the detection precision. Results show that the limit of detection reaches 0.49 ppm. The detection system responds quickly to changes of gas concentration and is easily to maintenance while has no electromagnetic interference, cross-sensitivity, or carrier gas. In addition, a complete detection process of the system takes only 8 minutes, implying a practical prospect of online monitoring technology.
Translation efficiency is a determinant of the magnitude of miRNA-mediated repression
Authors: Cottrell Kyle A. , Szczesny Pawel , Djuranovic Sergej 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs are well known regulators of mRNA stability and translation. However, the magnitude of both translational repression and mRNA decay induced by miRNA binding varies greatly between miRNA targets. This can be the result of cis and trans factors that affect miRNA binding or action. We set out to address this issue by studying how various mRNA characteristics affect miRNA-mediated repression. Using a dual luciferase reporter system, we systematically analyzed the ability of selected mRNA elements to modulate miRNA-mediated repression. We found that changing the 3′UTR of a miRNA-targeted reporter modulates translational repression by affecting the translation efficiency. This 3′UTR dependent modulation can be further altered by changing the codon-optimality or 5′UTR of the luciferase reporter. We observed maximal repression with intermediate codon optimality and weak repression with very high or low codon optimality. Analysis of ribosome profiling and RNA-seq data for endogenous miRNA targets revealed translation efficiency as a key determinant of the magnitude of miRNA-mediated translational repression. Messages with high translation efficiency were more robustly repressed. Together our results reveal modulation of miRNA-mediated repression by characteristics and features of the 5′UTR, CDS and 3′UTR.
Alleviative effects of fluoxetine on depressive-like behaviors by epigenetic regulation of BDNF gene transcription in mouse model of post-stroke depression
Authors: Jin Hui-Juan , Pei Lei , Li Ya-Nan , Zheng Hui , Yang Shuai , Wan Yan , Mao Ling , Xia Yuan-Peng , He Quan-Wei , Li Man , Yue Zhen-Yu , Hu Bo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFluoxetine, one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, has been thought to be effective for treating post-stroke depression (PSD). Recent work has shown that fluoxetine may exert an antidepressive effect through increasing the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. In the present study, we successfully established the PSD model using male C57BL/6 J mice by photothrombosis of the left anterior cortex combined with isolatied-housing conditions. In the process, we confirmed that fluoxetine could improve the depression-like behaviors of PSD mice and upregulate the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. However, depletion of BDNF by transfecting lentivirus-derived shBDNF in hippocampus suppressed the effect of fluoxetine. Furthermore, we demonstrated the epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulation of BDNF expression induced by fluoxetine. We found a statistically significant increase in DNA methylation at specific CpG sites (loci 2) of Bdnf promoter IV in the hippocampus of PSD mice. We also found that fluoxetine treatment could disassociate the MeCP2-CREB-Bdnf promoter IV complex via phosphorylation of MeCP2 at Ser421 by Protein Kinase A (PKA). Our research highlighted the importance of fluoxetine in regulating BDNF expression which could represent a potential strategy for preventing PSD.