bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypseudophakia: from “Piggyback” to supplementary sulcus-fixated IOLs
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin , Kahraman Guenal , Amon Michael , Łabuz Grzegorz , Baur Isabella D. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Polypseudophakia, the concept of using a second intraocular lens (IOL) to supplement an IOL that has already been placed in the capsular bag, was first used as a corrective measure where the power requirement was higher than that of available single IOLs. Subsequently, the technique was modified to compensate for post-operative residual refractive errors. In these early cases, an IOL designed for the capsular bag would be implanted in the sulcus. Although these approaches were less than ideal, alternative means of correcting residual refractive errors were not without their limitations: IOL exchange can be traumatic to the eye and is not easily carried out once fibrosis has occurred, while corneal refractive surgical techniques are not suitable for all patients. Piggyback implantation was the term first coined to describe the use of two IOLs, placed together in the capsular bag. The term was later extended to include the procedure where an IOL designed for the capsular bag was placed in the sulcus. Unfortunately, the term piggyback has persisted even though these two approaches have been largely discredited. Intraocular lenses are now available which have been specifically designed for placement in the ciliary sulcus. As these newer IOLs avoid the many unacceptable complications brought about by both types of earlier piggyback implantation, it is time to employ a new terminology, such as supplementary IOL or secondary enhancement to distinguish between the placement of an unsuitable capsular bag IOL in the sulcus and the implantation of an IOL specifically designed for ciliary sulcus implantation. In addition to minimising possible complications, supplementary IOLs designed for the sulcus have expanded the options available to the ophthalmic surgeon. With these new IOLs it is possible to correct presbyopia and residual astigmatism, and to provide temporary correction of refractive errors in growing, or unstable, eyes. This article aims to review the literature available on supplementary IOL implantation in the ciliary sulcus and to summarise the evidence for the efficacy and safety of this intervention.

Key messages
What is known

Polypseudophakia has been used for over 30 years to correct hyperopia or residual refractive error, but early techniques were associated with significant complications.

What is new

The development of specially designed sulcus-fixated supplementary IOLs significantly reduces the risks associated with these procedures, and has also opened up new opportunities in patient care.

The reversibility of the procedure allows patients to experience multifocality, and to provide temporary and adjustable correction in unstable or growing eyes.

The terms “secondary enhancement” or “DUET” to describe supplementary IOL implantation are preferential to “piggyback”.
Identification of genetic association between mitochondrial dysfunction and knee osteoarthritis through integrating multi-omics: a summary data-based Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xie Jiale , Ma Rui , Xu Xin , Yang Mingyi , Yu Hui , Wan Xianjie , Xu Ke , Guo Junfei , Xu Peng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Association between mitochondrial dysfunction and osteoarthritis (OA) has been consistently investigated, yet their genetic association remains obscure. In this study, mitochondrial-related genes were used as instrumental variables to proxy for mitochondrial dysfunction, and summary data of knee OA (KOA) were used as outcome to examine their genetic association.

Methods
We obtained 1136 mitochondrial-related genes from the human MitoCarta3.0 database. Genetic proxy instruments for mitochondrial-related genes from studies of corresponding gene expression (n = 31,684) and protein (n = 35,559) quantitative trait locus (eQTLs and pQTLs), respectively. Aggregated data for KOA (62,497 KOA cases and 333,557 controls) were extracted from the largest OA genome-wide association study (GWAS). We integrated QTL data with KOA GWAS data to estimate their genetic association using summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis (SMR). Additionally, we implemented Bayesian colocalization analysis to reveal whether suggestive mitochondrial-related genes and KOA were driven by a same genetic variant. Finally, to validate the primary findings, replication study (24,955 cases and 378,169 controls) and multi-SNP-based SMR (SMR-multi) test was performed.

Results
Through SMR analysis, we found that the expression levels of 2 mitochondrial-related genes were associated with KOA risk. Specifically, elevated gene expression levels of the IMMP2L (odds ratio [OR] = 1.056; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.030–1.082; P-FDR = 0.004) increased the risk of KOA. Conversely, increased gene expression levels of AKAP10 decreased the risk of KOA (OR = 0.955; 95% CI, 0.934–0.977; P-FDR = 0.019). Colocalization analysis demonstrated that AKAP10 (PP.H4 = 0.84) and IMMP2L (PP.H4 = 0.91) shared the same genetic variant with KOA. In addition, consistent results were found in replication study and SMR-multi test, further demonstrating the reliability of our findings.

Conclusions
In summary, our analyses revealed the genetic association between mitochondrial dysfunction proxied by mitochondrial-related genes and KOA, providing new insight into potential pathogenesis of KOA. Furthermore, these identified candidate genes offer the possibility of clinical drug target development for KOA.

Key points

• This is the first SMR study to explore the genetic association between mitochondrial dysfunction proxied by mitochondrial-related genes and KOA.

• Sufficient evidence to support genetic association between the expression levels of AKAP10 and IMMP2L, and KOA

• Our MR analysis may provide novel new insight into potential pathogenesis of KOA.

• These identified candidate genes offer the possibility of clinical drug target development for KOA
Variability of Bile Baseline Excitation-emission Fluorescence of Two Tropical Freshwater Fish Species
Authors: Mora-Solarte Diego , Jimenez Rodrigo , Calderón-Delgado Ivonne , Duarte-Ruiz Alvaro , Brinkmann Markus , Velasco-Santamaría Yohana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe quantification of pollutant metabolites in fish bile is an efficient approach to xenobiotic pollution monitoring in freshwaters since these measurements directly address exposure. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMS) has demonstrated to be a highly specific and cost-effective technique for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and PAH-metabolite identification and quantification. EEMS ability to quantify these compounds strongly depends on the intensity and variability of the bile baseline fluorescence (BBF). We found large differences in BBF among Aequidens metae (AME) individuals and of these with Piaractus orinoquensis (PIO). Moreover, BBF was large enough that solvent dilutions of over 1:400 were needed to avoid inner filter effects. We used parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to model the intra- and inter-species BBF variability. PARAFAC successfully decomposed the EEMS set into three fluorophores present in all samples, although in concentrations spreading over ~ 3 orders of magnitude. One of the factors was identified as tryptophan. Tryptophan and Factor 2 were covariant and much more abundant in AME than in PIO, while Factor 3 was ~ 6 times more abundant in PIO than in AME. Also, tryptophan was ~ 10x more abundant in AME specimens immediately caught in rivers than in their laboratory-adapted peers. The PARAFAC decomposition effectiveness was confirmed by the positive proportionality of scores to dilution ratios. A large inner filter indicates that Factor 2 is as strong a light absorber as tryptophan. Our results stress the need to include bile matrix variable components for the detection and quantification of pollutant metabolites using PARAFAC.
A Transactions Cost Analysis of the Welfare and Output Effects of Rebates and Non-Linear Pricing
Authors: Kobayashi Bruce H. , Wright Joshua D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRonald Coase famously exposed the limitations of economic analyses that rely upon assumptions of frictionless markets. He highlighted the importance of including transaction costs in economic analyses and issued a challenge to economists to think seriously about how transaction costs affect economic systems. Harold Demsetz, extended Coase’s analysis to show how these costs alter the way firms price and market their products. Demsetz’s analysis underscored that the costs of providing a market sometimes exceed the benefits of creating one in the first place and examined conditions where transaction costs imply that zero amounts of explicit market pricing will be efficient. This article extends Demsetz’s insights with respect to non-linear pricing contracts that seem not to “price” key side effects of the economic exchange. In particular, we analyze the welfare and output effects of two examples of such contracts that are commonly used by firms that are frequently subject to antitrust scrutiny: metered pricing; and loyalty discounts. The analysis demonstrates how a firm’s choice to set prices for its products are influenced by transaction and information costs and examines whether changes in output that are caused by the use of these non-linear pricing schemes are positively correlated with changes in total and consumer welfare. The article then discusses conditions under which measuring output effects can reliably differentiate between welfare-increasing and welfare-reducing uses of non-linear pricing.
Detektions-PCR und Amplikon-Sequenzierung: ein Power-Paar
Authors: Schüler Miriam Antonia , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We describe the development of a scheme to specifically detect the global pathogen Clostridioides difficile in environmental samples. A specific, sensitive PCR coupled with next-generation sequencing of the resulting PCR amplicons allows taxonomic assessment of diverse C. difficile strains in environmental DNA. The presumed bias of antibiotic-based C. difficile isolation was supported. The powerful combination of detection-PCR and amplicon NGS could also facilitate detection of other bacteria.
How to take down the terminator
Authors: Said Nelly , Artsimovitch Irina , Wahl Markus C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In bacteria, production of aberrant RNAs and transcription of foreign genes, including those on phages, are readily terminated by a hexameric ATPase, Rho. However, to make necessary transcripts, particularly during stress, bacteria depend on mechanisms to temper Rho activity. Similarly, phages have evolved diverse Rho-inhibitory mechanisms to enable the expression of their own genomes. In recent years, the structural bases of many such anti-termination mechanisms have been elucidated.
Causal associations between frailty and low back pain: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Zuying , Fan Jiaming , Bu Huilian , Fu Lijun , Li Cong , Ma Letian , Kong Cunlong , Lu Zhongyuan , Li Xinxin , Wang Jian , Liu Qingying , Yuan Jingjing , Fan Xiaochong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous observational studies have revealed a potentially robust bidirectional relationship between frailty and low back pain (LBP). However, the precise causal relationship remains unclear.

Methods
To examine the potential causal association between frailty and LBP, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) study. Genetic data on frailty index (FI) and LBP were acquired from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Various MR methodologies were utilized, such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger, to evaluate causality. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings.

Results
Genetically predicted higher FI (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% CI 1.17–2.36, p = 4.92E-03) was associated with a higher risk of LBP. As for the reverse direction, genetic liability to LBP showed consistent associations with a higher FI (IVW, OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.19, p = 2.67E-05). The outcomes from various MR techniques and sensitivity analyses indicate the robustness of our findings.

Conclusion
Our research findings provide additional evidence bolstering the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and LBP.
Mental Health First Aid experiences: a qualitative investigation into the emotional impact of Mental Health First Aid responsibilities and the significance of self-compassion
Authors: Cook Amy , Keyte Rebecca , Sprawson Isabella , Matharu Amrita , Mantzios Michail 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMental illness is increasingly imposing significant economic burdens, manifesting in various ways such as elevated business expenses due to absenteeism and staff turnover, as well as heightened pressure on healthcare services. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is an effective tool to support people with ill mental health. This study explored the experiences of MHFA volunteers with the aim of enhancing understanding of how best to provide support for them. Twelve students who had completed the two-day MHFA training course participated in a semi-structured interview. Results indicated that being a Mental Health First Aider (MHFAer) was a responsibility highly valued by participants; however, data highlighted that anxiety associated with this role was of utmost significance. The study revealed the inherent compassion of MHFA volunteers; however, it also underscored that for many participants, this compassion came at the cost of neglecting self-compassion. This study suggests a need to enhance the support materials for MHFA volunteers, alongside a model of compassionate self-care for enhancing personal coping, health and wellbeing.
Effects of the Western Pacific Subtropical High on the urban heat island characteristics in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Deng Jie , Lai Geying , Fan Ao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are frequently affected by the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) in summer. This leads to phenomena including air subsidence, high temperatures, low rainfall, and weak winds, all of which affect the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Currently, there are few studies on the influence of WPSH on the UHI effect. In this study, we analysed the temporal and spatial distributions of the influence of WPSH on the UHI effect by establishing two scenarios: with and without WPSH. We calculated the UHI intensity and the urban heat island proportion index (UHPI) to analyse the temporal and spatial distributions of the UHI effect. The geographical detector method was then used to analyse the factors influencing UHI. The results indicate the strong heat island effect during the day in provincial capitals and some developed cities. The area of high UHI intensity was larger under the influence of WPSH than in the years without WPSH. WPSH affected UHPI at both day and night, although the effect was more pronounced at night. The factors affecting daytime UHI intensity are mainly POP and NTL, O3 plays a large role in the years with WPSH control. The main factors affecting the UHI intensity at night are AOD, POP and NTL were mainly factors in the years without WPSH control, POP and WPSH were mainly factors in the years with WPSH control. The interactions of the factors are mainly POP and multi-factors during the daytime, and DEM and multi-factors during the nighttime. It was found that the UHI intensity was enhanced under the control of the WPSH, and the influencing factors of the diurnal UHI differed with and without the WPSH control, which ultimately provides realistic suggestions for mitigating the intensity of the UHI in areas affected by the WPSH.
Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer: correlation between Ktrans, Gleason score, and PI-RADS score
Authors: Nardacci Stefano , Biondi Tommaso , De Santis Domenico , Zerunian Marta , Polici Michela , Panvini Nicola , Rengo Marco , Bellini Davide , Ferrari Riccardo , Paolantonio Pasquale , Caruso Damiano , Laghi Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To measure Ktrans and correlate it with Gleason score (GS) and PI-RADS score in patients with prostate cancer.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with pathologically proven prostate cancer who had undergone clinically indicated 1.5 Tesla multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination between February and December 2020. T2-weighted (T2w) images, diffusion-weighted images (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) sequences were obtained. PI-RADS score was calculated for all tumor lesions. From DCE-MRI dataset, Ktrans was computed and compared between patients with clinically insignificant (GS ≤ 6) and clinically significant (GS ≥ 7) prostate cancer. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to assess the correlation strength between Ktrans and GS and between Ktrans and PI-RADS score.

Results
Twenty-one patients (age: 67 ± 12 years; BMI: 26.63 ± 4.04 kg/m2) with a PSA of 7.91 ± 3.01 were included in the study. Seven patients (33.3%) had clinically insignificant prostate cancer, while 14 patients (66.7%) were diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer. Mean Ktrans value was 0.42 ± 0.20 min−1 (range: 0.15–0.75). Ktrans was significantly higher (0.50 ± 0.17 min−1) in clinically significant prostate cancer compared to clinical insignificant prostate cancer (0.23 ± 0.15 min−1; P = 0.001). Ktrans showed moderate significant correlation with GS (ρ = 0.575, P = 0.006), but showed no significant correlation with PI-RADS (ρ = 0.386, P = 0.069).

Conclusion
Ktrans may discriminate between clinically insignificant and significant prostate cancer and shows moderate correlation with GS. Thus, MP-MRI may serve as an imaging biomarker in prostate cancer.
The Value of Life in the Social Cost of Carbon: A Critique and a Proposal
Authors: Broome John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In its 2023 revision of the social cost of carbon, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency values people’s lives on the basis of their willingness to pay for them, without applying any distributional weights. It justifies this proposal on grounds of the Kaldor–Hicks criterion, which avoids interpersonal comparisons of wellbeing. But this criterion was discredited 70 years ago. Interpersonal comparisons of wellbeing cannot truly be avoided, and they should be used to determine distributional weights. One way of doing so is to identify as a numeraire a good that brings equal wellbeing to each person. A healthy life year is a reasonable, though only approximate, candidate for such a good. This article presents the point of view of a philosopher, regarding the practice of economists from outside the discipline.
Characterisation of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd) ecotypes: An ancient and promising legume
Authors: Boukrouh Soumaya , Noutfia Ali , Moula Nassim , Avril Claire , Louvieaux Julien , Hornick Jean-Luc , Chentouf Mouad , Cabaraux Jean-François 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd) is a promising legume, drought tolerant, mainly used in the Mediterranean area for its grains as a source of proteins in animal feed. However, it is an underused crop cultivated in marginal soils. Ecological, agro-morphological, and bromatological diversity evaluations were conducted to study its reintroduction potential. Seeds of seventeen ecotypes were collected in seventeen farms located in Northern Morocco in 2018. The cultivation was realised during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons using a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Agro-morphological data were collected at the start of flowering, full flowering, and pod setting phenological stages. Yield component assessment and grain and straw bromatological characterisation were performed at maturity. The results indicated significant variations between ecotypes for almost all parameters and interesting results about yield (1 t ha–1) but lower protein content (22.9% of dry matter) compared to other ecotypes of the Mediterranean region. The estimated genetic parameters could emphasise the possibility of selecting highly productive and nutritive cultivars. However, interannual variations were also detected, making the selection of the ecotypes harder. No significant correlations were observed between agro-morphological and bromatological traits of grains and geographical distances. Multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and heatmap) clustered ecotypes into five groups, where the ecotypes included in the second cluster were the most interesting candidates for developing high-yielding and nutritive varieties. That is why this plant could be considered of interest, especially in these times of climate change.
Lisdexamfetamine maintenance treatment for binge-eating disorder following successful treatments: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Ivezaj Valentina , Yurkow Sydney , Tek Cenk , Wiedemann Ashley A. , Gueorguieva Ralitza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundControlled research examining maintenance treatments for responders to acute interventions for binge-eating disorder (BED) is limited. This study tested efficacy of lisdexamfetamine (LDX) maintenance treatment amongst acute responders.MethodsThis prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled single-site trial, conducted March 2019 to September 2023, tested LDX as maintenance treatment for responders to acute treatments with LDX-alone or with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT + LDX) for BED with obesity. Sixty-one (83.6% women, mean age 44.3, mean BMI 36.1 kg/m2) acute responders were randomized to LDX (N = 32) or placebo (N = 29) for 12 weeks; 95.1% completed posttreatment assessments. Mixed-models and generalized-estimating equations comparing maintenance LDX v. placebo included main/interactive effects of acute (LDX or CBT + LDX) treatments to examine their predictive/moderating effects.ResultsRelapse rates (to diagnosis-level binge-eating frequency) following maintenance treatments were 10.0% (N = 3/30) for LDX and 17.9% (N = 5/28) for placebo; intention-to-treat binge-eating remission rates were 59.4% (N = 19/32) and 65.5% (N = 19/29), respectively. Maintenance LDX and placebo did not differ significantly in binge-eating but differed in weight-loss and eating-disorder psychopathology. Maintenance LDX was associated with significant weight-loss (−2.3%) whereas placebo had significant weight-gain (+2.2%); LDX and placebo differed significantly in weight-change throughout treatment and at posttreatment. Eating-disorder psychopathology remained unchanged with LDX but increased significantly with placebo. Acute treatments did not significantly predict/moderate maintenance-treatment outcomes.ConclusionsAdults with BED/obesity who respond to acute lisdexamfetamine treatment (regardless of additionally receiving CBT) had good maintenance during subsequent 12-weeks. Maintenance lisdexamfetamine, relative to placebo, did not provide further benefit for binge-eating but was associated with significantly better eating-disorder psychopathology outcomes and greater weight-loss.