bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic préventif de la vulnérabilité des constructions résidentielles pour leurs occupants face au risque de submersion marine appliqué à l’île de Noirmoutier (Vendée, France)
Authors: Creach Axel , Pardo Sophie , Mercier Denis 
Published: June 2017

En février 2010, la tempête Xynthia génère une submersion marine sur les côtes atlantiques françaises, à l’origine de 41 noyades. Les retours d’expérience pointent la configuration et la localisation des constructions résidentielles comme facteur aggravant de la vulnérabilité humaine. Face à ce constat, l’État décide la destruction des constructions les plus dangereuses. Néanmoins, cette politique des « zones noires » n’a été appliquée que sur les territoires les plus impactés par Xynthia. Or, il existe d’autres secteurs vulnérables à la submersion marine en France. Ce travail propose de mener un diagnostic préventif de la vulnérabilité des constructions résidentielles pour leurs occupants sur l’île de Noirmoutier. Peu touchée par Xynthia, l’île présente une configuration propice à la submersion marine et a déjà été durement touchée par le passé. À partir de la méthode de l’indice V.I.E., les résultats montrent une inégale exposition des communes pour un événement de type Xynthia. 46 % des constructions résidentielles de l’île seraient exposées en cas d’inondation avec des disparités selon les communes, la part du bâti exposé allant de 28 % à 76 %. Toutefois, les communes qui comptent la part la plus importante de constructions les plus vulnérables pour leurs occupants sont celles où l’urbanisation est proche des digues. S’il faut relativiser la vulnérabilité de l’île de Noirmoutier vis-à-vis de La Faute-sur-Mer (29 décès lors de Xynthia), cela confirme le rôle des digues comme facteur aggravant de la vulnérabilité. Ce diagnostic ouvre la réflexion sur l’adaptation afin de prévenir les conséquences d’un futur évènement de submersion marine sur l’île.
A Nonadjuvanted IgG2a Monoclonal Antibody against Nucleosomes Elicits Potent T Cell–Dependent, Idiotype-Specific IgG1 Responses and Glomerular IgG1/IgG2a Deposits in Normal Mice
Authors: Hannestad Kristian , Scott Helge 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Idiotypes (Ids) are unique epitopes of Ab V regions and can trigger anti-Id immune responses, but immunization with several nonadjuvanted isologous IgG mAbs has induced tolerance to their Ids. We immunized non–lupus-prone mice with 11 allotype “a” of IgG2a (IgG2aa) and 4 IgG2c nonadjuvanted, isologous mAbs purified from serum-free medium. Of five IgG2aa mAbs with specificity for nucleosomes, the repeating histone-DNA subunit of chromatin, four elicited an IgG1 anti-mAb response and one mAb was nonimmunogenic. In contrast, none of six IgG2aa mAbs with unknown specificity triggered anti-mAb responses. The data suggested a link between immunogenicity and specificity for nucleosomes. One anti-nucleosome IgG2aa mAb, termed 3F7.A10, copurified with self-histones and was a potent immunogen for BALB/c mice. The response against IgG2aa 3F7.A10 was CD4+ Th cell–dependent, dominated by the IgG1 subclass, and Id specific. Ultracentrifugation converted the purified 3F7.A10 mAb into a weak immunogen, suggesting that the mAb had formed immunogenicity-enhancing immune complexes (ICs) with nucleosomal Ags during cell culture. BALB/c mice injected with viable MHC-incompatible 3F7.A10 hybridoma cells grown in serum-free medium mounted strong anti-Id responses. TLR9-deficient mice responded significantly weaker to Id-3F7.A10 than did TLR9-sufficient mice, suggesting that the cognate BCR efficiently internalizes the Id in an IC with nucleosomes. Passive transfer of IgG2aa 3F7.A10 to BALB/c mice with high titers of IgG1 anti-3F7.A10 led to glomerular deposits of IgG1/IgG2a complexes. The immunogenicity of Id-3F7.A10 raises the possibility that diverse Ids of nucleosome-specific Abs form ICs with nucleosomes released from dying cells and elicit spontaneous formation of anti-Id Abs in vivo.
Maintaining Christian virtues and ethos in Christian universities in Ghana: The reality, challenges and the way forward
Authors: White Peter , Afrane Samuel K. 
Published: June 2017

Christian universities are established to integrate Christian faith, principles and virtues into their academic programmes with the expectation that through this holistic Christocentric education, students will be well-prepared to serve and to contribute positively to transform society. Although this approach to education is good, it however does not come without the challenge of how to maintain these Christian virtues in light of increasing secularisation and permissiveness in contemporary society. This article examines the realities and challenges of maintaining Christian virtues and ethos in Christian universities in Ghana and recommends some helpful solutions. The study employed eclectic methodology in data gathering and analyses. The research revealed that for a university to be called a Christian university, it must have at its core the vision for Christ-centredness, mission mindedness and discipleship focus. This must also be reflected in the attitude of both students and staff in the way they relate to and manage God’s resources.
Pseudo-proxy tests of the analogue method to reconstruct spatially resolved global temperature during the Common Era
Authors: Gómez-Navarro Juan José , Zorita Eduardo , Raible Christoph C. , Neukom Raphael 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study addresses the possibility of carrying out spatially resolved global reconstructions of annual mean temperature using a worldwide network of proxy records and a method based on the search of analogues. Several variants of the method are evaluated, and their performance is analysed. As a test bed for the reconstruction, the PAGES 2k proxy database (version 1.9.0) is employed as a predictor, the HadCRUT4 dataset is the set of observations used as the predictand and target, and a set of simulations from the PMIP3 simulations are used as a pool to draw analogues and carry out pseudo-proxy experiments (PPEs). The performance of the variants of the analogue method (AM) is evaluated through a series of PPEs in growing complexity, from a perfect-proxy scenario to a realistic one where the pseudo-proxy records are contaminated with noise (white and red) and missing values, mimicking the limitations of actual proxies. Additionally, the method is tested by reconstructing the real observed HadCRUT4 temperature based on the calibration of real proxies. The reconstructed fields reproduce the observed decadal temperature variability. From all the tests, we can conclude that the analogue pool provided by the PMIP3 ensemble is large enough to reconstruct global annual temperatures during the Common Era. Furthermore, the search of analogues based on a metric that minimises the RMSE in real space outperforms other evaluated metrics, including the search of analogues in the range-reduced space expanded by the leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). These results show how the AM is able to spatially extrapolate the information of a network of local proxy records to produce a homogeneous gap-free climate field reconstruction with valuable information in areas barely covered by proxies and make the AM a suitable tool to produce valuable climate field reconstructions for the Common Era.
New medical therapies in glaucoma management
Authors: Skorin, Leonid 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
New and potent medications such as alpharadrenergic agonists, topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogs, are now available for use in the treatment of glaucoma. These ophthalmic medications have the potential to cause serious drug interactions and systemic side effects. The primary care physician should be able to recognize and to monitor any potential adverse effects and interact with the prescribing ophthalmologist for optimal patient care.
Aortopulmonary fistula in an infected Dacron graft for coarctation of the aorta: An uncommon cause of hemoptysis
Authors: Ashchi Majdi , McCarthy Patrick M. , Golish Joseph A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Hemoptysis secondary to an aortobronchial fistula is rare and uniformly fatal when left untreated. The authors describe a case of massive hemoptysis caused by an aortopulmonary fistula in an infected Dacron graft used successfully to repair a coarctation of the aorta.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral 3‐Substituted‐3‐silylpropionic Esters via Rhodium/Bisphosphine‐Thiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Zongpeng , Han Zhengyu , Gu Guoxian , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe have successfully developed the asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐silyl‐α,β‐unsaturated esters to prepare chiral 3‐substituted‐3‐silylpropionic ester products catalyzed by rhodium/bisphosphine‐thiourea (ZhaoPhos) with excellent results (up to 97% yield, >99% ee, 1500 TON). Moreover, our hydrogenation products can be efficiently converted to other important organic molecules, such as chiral ethyl (R)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐phenylpropanoate or (R)‐3‐[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid.magnified image
Graphene‐Based Organic Electrochemical Capacitors for AC Line Filtering
Authors: Chi Fengyao , Li Chun , Zhou Qinqin , Zhang Miao , Chen Ji , Yu Xiaowen , Shi Gaoquan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLess‐defective graphene oxide sheets with a small average size of 0.7 µm are electrochemically reduced to form a hydrogel film with highly oriented porous structure. It is applied as the electrode of organic electrochemical capacitor (OEC) after solvent change with organic electrolyte and deep reduction in this organic medium. At 120 Hz, the typical OEC exhibits a high areal specific energy density of 472 µF V2 cm−2 with a wide workable voltage window of 2.5 V, a phase angle of −80.5°, a resistor‐capacitor time constant (τRC) of 0.219 ms, and an excellent electrochemical stability. Thus, it is promising to replace aluminum electrolytic capacitors for AC line filtering. Furthermore, two identical OECs connected in series keep the performance of single device, making them practically applicable in electronics.
Work‐related injury factors and safety climate perception in truck drivers
Authors: Anderson Naomi J. , Smith Caroline K. , Byrd Jesse L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe trucking industry has a high burden of work‐related injuries. This study examined factors, such as safety climate perceptions, that may impact injury risk.MethodA random sample of 9800 commercial driver's license holders (CDL) were sent surveys, only 4360 were eligible truck drivers. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were developed to describe the population and identify variables associated with work‐related injury.Results2189 drivers completed the pertinent interview questions. Driving less‐than‐truckload, daytime sleepiness, pressure to work faster, and having a poor composite score for safety perceptions were all associated with increased likelihood of work‐related injury. Positive safety perception score was protective for odds of work‐related injury, and increased claim filing when injured.ConclusionsPositive psychological safety climate is associated with decreased likelihood of work‐related injury and increased likelihood that a driver injured on the job files a workers’ compensation claim.
New evidence suggesting a dissociated etiology for cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis
Authors: Rivera Frances , Mirazón Lahr Marta 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesPorotic hyperostosis (PH), characterized by porotic lesions on the cranial vault, and cribra orbitalia (CO), a localized appearance of porotic lesions on the roof of the orbits, are relatively common osteological conditions. Their etiology has been the focus of several studies, and an association with anemia has long been suggested. Anemia often causes bone marrow hypertrophy or hyperplasia, leading to the expansion in trabecular or cranial diploic bone as a result of increased hematopoiesis. Hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia is often coupled with a disruption of the remodeling process of outer cortical bone, cranially and/or postcranially, leading to the externally visible porotic lesions reported in osteological remains. In this article, we investigate whether individuals with CO have increased thickness of the diploë, the common morphological direct effect of increased hematopoiesis, and thus test the relationship between the two conditions, as well as explore the type of anemia that underlie it.MethodsAn analysis of medical CT scans of a worldwide sample of 98 complete, young to middle‐aged adult dry skulls from the Duckworth Collection was conducted on male and female cribrotic individuals (n = 23) and noncribrotic individuals (n = 75), all of whom lacked any evidence of porotic lesions on the vault. Measurements of total and partial cranial thickness were obtained by virtual landmark placement, using the Amira 5.4 software; all analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS 21.ResultsCribriotic individuals have significantly thinner diploic bone and thicker outer and inner tables than noncribriotic individuals, contrary to the expected diploic expansion that would result from anemic conditions associated to bone marrow hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Additionally, individuals without CO and those with the condition have distinctive cranial thickness at particular locations across the skull and the severity to which CO is expressed also differentiates between those with mild and those with a moderate to severe form of the condition.ConclusionsOur results suggest a complex pattern of causality in relation to the pathologies that may lead to the formation of porotic lesions on the vault and the roof of the orbits. A form of anemia may be behind the osteological changes observed in PH and CO, but it is unlikely to be the same type of anemic condition that underlies both types of osteological lesions. We suggest that CO may be associated to anemias that lead to diploic bone hypocellularity and hypoplasia, such as those caused by anemia of chronic disease and, to a lesser extent, of renal failure, aplastic anemia, protein deficiency, and anemia of endocrine disorders, and not those that lead to bone marrow hypercellularity and hyperplasia and potential PH. This leads us to the conclusion that the terms PH and CO should be used to reflect different underlying conditions.
Strukturelle Studie zur Erweiterung des genetischen Codes durch ein artifizielles Nucleobasenpaar
Authors: Betz Karin , Kimoto Michiko , Diederichs Kay , Hirao Ichiro , Marx Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHydrophobe artifizielle Basenpaare, die keine Wasserstoffbrücken bilden, sind die derzeit vielversprechendsten Kandidaten zur Erweiterung des genetischen Alphabets. Die erfolgreichsten nichtnatürlichen Nukleobasen weisen wenig Ähnlichkeit untereinander und mit ihren natürlichen Gegenstücken auf. Daher ist es rätselhaft, wie sie von DNA‐Polymerasen prozessiert werden, den Enzymen, die in der Evolution eigentlich daraufhin optimiert wurden, effizient die natürlichen Bausteine zu prozessieren. Hier werden die strukturellen Hintergründe des enzymatischen Einbaus von dDs‐dPx, einem der vielversprechendsten hydrophoben nichtnatürlichen Basenpaare, in einen DNA‐Strang untersucht. Dazu wurde eine Kristallstruktur der KlenTaq‐DNA‐Polymerase mit einem modifizierten Templat/Primer‐Duplex und dem gebundenen nichtnatürlichen Triphosphat gelöst. Der ternäre Komplex zeigt, dass das artifizielle Paar genau wie ein natürliches Basenpaar eine planare Struktur annimmt, und lässt zudem Besonderheiten erkennen, die die immer noch schlechtere Einbaueffizienz bei der Prozessierung von nichtnatürlichen Substraten erklären könnten.
Cyclopenta Ring Fused Bisanthene and Its Charged Species with Open‐Shell Singlet Diradical Character and Global Aromaticity/ Anti‐Aromaticity
Authors: Wang Qing , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Dong Shaoqiang , Ding Jun , Chi Chunyan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCyclopenta ring fused bisanthene and its charged species were synthesized. The neutral compound has an open‐shell singlet ground state and displays global anti‐aromaticity. The dication also exhibits singlet diradical character but has a unique [10]annulene‐within‐[18]annulene global aromatic structure. The dianion is closed‐shell singlet in the ground state and shows global aromaticity with 22 π electrons delocalized on the periphery. These findings prrovide new insight into the design and properties of global aromatic/anti‐aromatic systems based on π‐conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons.
π‐Extended Dihydrophenazines with Three‐State NIR Electrochromism Involving Large Conformational Changes
Authors: Nagasaki Juri , Hiroto Satoru , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: June 2017

Abstractπ‐Extended dihydrophenazines were successfully prepared by oxidation of 2‐(N‐arylamino)anthracenes. Their roof‐type conformations were revealed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and the analysis of the optical properties indicated the presence of intramolecular charge‐transfer processes. Upon chemical oxidation, the electronic absorption dramatically changed in a two‐step fashion. The electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis revealed that, depending on the amount of oxidant added, either a paramagnetic radical cation or a diamagnetic dication was generated. The NMR analysis revealed a conformational change upon oxidation, which was supported by theoretical calculations. A three‐state electrochromic behavior was observed during the electrochemical oxidation and reduction cycles, showing sequential switching between visible and near‐infrared (NIR) absorption properties upon application of electrochemical stimuli.
Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for the production of diluents for bitumen transport
Authors: Kumar Mayank , Oyedun Adetoyese Olajire , Kumar Amit 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study explores the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wood chips to biocrude followed by upgrading to diluents, which are used to transport bitumen through pipelines. In this study, we considered a 2000 dry t day−1 plant capacity with two scenarios. The first scenario uses hydrogen for upgrading from the on‐site hydrogen production plant (i.e., the hydrogen production scenario) and the other relies on procuring hydrogen from an external source (i.e., the hydrogen purchase scenario). We developed a data‐intensive process model for HTL and used it to estimate plant capital costs. Project investment costs for the hydrogen production and hydrogen purchase scenarios are 559.67 and 429.13 M $, respectively. The product values (PV) of the diluent from the two scenarios are 0.98 ± 0.03 and 0.79 ± 0.03 $ L−1, respectively, at a 95% confidence interval. The sensitivity analysis shows that diluent yield and internal rate of return (IRR) have the highest impact on the PV of the diluent, followed by capital cost and biomass cost. The optimum plant size at which the cost of production is lowest is 4000 dry t day−1 for PVs of 0.82 $ L−1 and 0.68 $ L−1 for the hydrogen production and purchase scenarios, respectively. This study offers insights into the techno‐economic feasibility of producing diluents from HTL. The results of the study could help in the production of diluents for bitumen transportation for the oil sands industry and help reduce the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of the oil and gas sector. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Majority and minority ethnic status adolescents' bystander responses to racism in school
Authors: Palmer Sally B. , Cameron Lindsey , Rutland Adam , Blake Belinda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwelve to 15‐year‐olds (N = 1,100) from majority and minority ethnic backgrounds, living in an ethnically diverse area in the UK, read a hypothetical scenario about verbal racism in school and indicated their bystander responses (prosocial, aggressive, and passive). Findings showed that age, ethnicity, cross‐group friendships, and ethnic socialisation predicted their bystander responses.
ox‐LDL increases microRNA‐29a transcription through upregulating YY1 and STAT1 in macrophages
Authors: Jian Dongdong , Dai Bing , Hu Xiaotong , Yao Qiang , Zheng Chengfei , Zhu Jianhua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMacrophages and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) have been verified playing vital roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies demonstrated that microRNA‐29a (miR‐29a) was upregulated in many atherogenic process and cells, thus acting as an important participant in AS. But the detailed regulation mechanism of miR‐29a in AS has not been fully understood. In our study, we demonstrated a positive feedback loop of ox‐LDL‐SRA‐miR‐29a. Furthermore, we found that YY1 and STAT1 were upregulated in ox‐LDL‐stimulating macrophages followed by translocation in the nucleus and binding to the transcriptional promoter region of miR‐29a, thus leading to the increase of miR‐29a expression. In addition, we demonstrated that JAK1/2 signaling was involved in miR‐29a upregulation. Finally, we found that miR‐29a played important roles in the secretion of proinflammation factors and lipid uptake in macrophages. We uncovered the molecular mechanism and provide novel insights into the function and regulatory network of miR‐29a expression regulated by ox‐LDL in macrophages.
ZnI2/NEt3‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of CO2 with Propargylic Alcohols: Computational Study on Mechanism
Authors: Ma Jun , Lu Lu , Mei Qingqing , Zhu Qinggong , Hu Jiayin , Han Buxing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe ZnI2(NEt3)/NEt3‐catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 with propargylic alcohols to α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates was studied by DFT calculations for the first time to explore the detailed reaction mechanism. By comparing the distinct CO2‐activated and OH‐activated pathways as well as the solvent effects of reactants and products, a complete picture of the metal‐salt/base‐catalyzed mechanism is provided, which involves four steps: deprotonation of propargylic alcohol, CO2 electrophilic attack, concerted metalation and intramolecular cyclization, and protonation to form the cyclic carbonates. With the polar solvent effects of reactants or products, the third step is the rate‐determining step. The role of ZnII is activating the hydroxyl group, balancing of the charge of the alkylcarbonate anion and leading to the metalation. The base NEt3 acts as the proton‐transfer bridge to promote the transfer of the proton. In addition, the selectivity of the five‐membered cyclic carbonates has been investigated.