bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Case–control Study to Predict the Obstetrical (Maternal and Fetal) Outcome after First Trimester Bleeding
Authors: Chandra Subhash , Gaur Sushma , Khajotia Santosh , Falodia Swati 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aims
To study the obstetrical complications in women with first trimester bleeding, to evaluate the perinatal outcome in women with first trimester bleeding, to prognosticate the obstetrical and perinatal outcome based on severity of first trimester bleeding, and to compare it with the obstetrical and perinatal outcome in women having normal pregnancy.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PBM and associated group of hospitals attached to Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, India, during the study period of 1 year, i.e., January 2014 to December 2014.

Results
The percentage of stillbirth in study group was 4.9% and in control group it was only 1%. The percentage of early neonatal death in study group was 3.7% and in control group was 2.1%. The difference was found statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). According to antenatal complications, all the parameters were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) except pregnancy-induced hypertension preterm labor and antepartum hemorrhage where the difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.05), and abortion where the difference was found statistically highly significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In conclusion, considering the results of our study, first trimester vaginal bleeding can be a predicting factor for adverse outcome of mother and infant. It is necessary to increase the knowledge of pregnant women in this regard for close observation. Also, the study is appropriate because the clinical intervention of attentive obstetrician has important role in not only the continuation of pregnancy but also decreasing fetal complications in these high-risk pregnancies.

How to cite this article
Gaur S, Khajotia S, Chandra S, Falodia S. Prospective Case–control Study to Predict the Obstetrical (Maternal and Fetal) Outcome after First Trimester Bleeding. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):255-259.
Sirenomelia: A Rare Congenital Anomaly
Authors: Bhardwaj Davinder , Sinha Shivendra K , Heer Arvinder K 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionSirenomelia is a congenital structural anomaly characterized by abnormal development of the caudal region of the body. The peculiar characteristics of sirenomelia are complete fusion of bilateral lower limbs giving the fetus an appearance of mermaid. The other anatomical defects may be renal agenesis, gastrointestinal defects, and absent external genitalia. The outcome of the condition is usually fatal for the baby despite attempts for corrective surgery. This abnormality was initially confused with caudal regression syndrome, but later was given a new name, i.e., sirenomelia mermaid syndrome.Case reportWe present a case of a 23-year-old primigravida unbooked case reported at 25 weeks 6 days period of gestation with complaint of decreased fetal movements. The ultrasound was suggestive of single live intrauterine fetus of 24 weeks with severe oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index 1–2 cm). Based on fetal magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed multiple congenital anomalies including nonvisualization of kidneys and poorly formed lower limbs, provisional diagnosis of sirenomelia with renal aplasia incompatible with life was made. She delivered a baby 943 gm with features and appearance suggestive of mermaid syndrome (sirenomelia). Patient was discharged with advice to report early in next pregnancy.ConclusionSirenomelia is a very rare disorder, with prevalence of 1 in 100,000 live births with a total of 300 cases reported until today in which 9 are from India. The precise etiology of sirenomelia is not well understood. Many theories have been proposed, but none of these is considered definitive. It is very important to diagnose this universally fatal condition by ultrasonography in early pregnancy, so that termination of pregnancy can be carried out.How to cite this articleVerma P, Bhardwaj D, Sinha SK, Heer AK. Sirenomelia: A Rare Congenital Anomaly. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):271-273.
Early Screening of Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care Dental Clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Awan Kamran Habib , Hadlaq Emad M , Faraj Ziyad T , Gamdi Fahad M Al , Obathani Faisal A Al , Abuabat Mashael F 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia; 23.1% of the Saudi population are diabetic and 25.5% are hypertensive. This cross-sectional study was made on dental setting to determine the effectiveness of screening of diabetes and hypertension in dental clinics.

Materials and methods
This study was carried out in the primary care dental clinics at the Dental College in King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Before starting any treatment, a face-to-face interview was administered to collect a brief medical history and personal data followed by measurement of body mass index (BMI). After that, blood pressure level reading was obtained using electrical sphygmomanometer. Finally, a glucose level reading was obtained from capillary blood from the patient's third fingertip using glucose reader.

Results
Our study included 283 participants, 118 of whom were females (41.7%). Our study showed that a significant amount of the participants are at risk of having hypertension (44.8%). In addition, a significant number (10.2%) of the participants are at risk of having diabetes. Furthermore, 35.7% of the sample had obesity as a risk factor for diabetes and hypertension.

Conclusion
The dental team can play an important role in screening of diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. In Saudi Arabia, public awareness of the chronic diseases is still critically insufficient.

Clinical significance
Our study showed the importance of the screening even for patients with negative history of diabetes or hypertension.

How to cite this article
Hadlaq EM, Faraj ZT, Al Gamdi FM, Al Obathani FA, Abuabat MF, Awan KH. Early Screening of Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care Dental Clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):652-659.
Assessment of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes by Cirrus High-definition Optical Coherence Tomography in Myopia
Authors: Sharma Reetika , Singh Divya , Agarwal Esha , Mishra Sanjay K , Dada Tanuj 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To evaluate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by Cirrus high-definition (HD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the axial length and refractive error of the eye.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 eyes of 100 healthy subjects (age 20-34 years with M/F ratio of 57/43), comprising 50 eyes with emmetropia [spherical equivalent (SE) 0 D], 25 eyes with moderate myopia (SE between -4 D and -8 D), and 25 eyes with high myopia (SE between -8 D and -12 D) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Average and mean clock hour RNFL thicknesses were measured by cirrus HD-OCT and compared between the three groups. Associations between RNFL measurements and axial length and SE were evaluated by linear regression analysis.

Results
The average RNFL measurements were significantly lower in high myopia (78.68 +/- 5.67) and moderate myopia (83.76 +/- 3.44) group compared with emmetropia group (91.26 +/- 2.99), also in the superior and inferior mean clock hours. Significant correlations were evident between RNFL measurements and the SE and axial length. The average RNFL thickness decreased with increasing axial length (r = –0.8115) and negative refractive power (r = 0.8397). Myopia also affected the RNFL thickness distribution. As the axial length increased and the SE decreased, the thickness of the superior, inferior, and nasal peripapillary RNFL decreased.

Conclusion
The axial length/refractive error of the eye affected the average RNFL thickness and the RNFL thickness distribution. Analysis of RNFL thickness in the evaluation of glaucoma should always be interpreted with reference to the refractive status. When interpreting the RNFL thickness of highly myopic patients by OCT, careful attention must be given to the inherently thinner RNFL to avoid a false diagnosis of glaucoma.

How to cite this article
Singh D, Mishra SK, Agarwal E, Sharma R, Bhartiya S, Dada T. Assessment of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes by Cirrus High-definition Optical Coherence Tomography in Myopia. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(2):52-57.
Comparison of Efficacy of Different Doses of Clonidine with 0.5% Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries
Authors: Murthy KT Venkatesh , Nadkarni Maya D , Amaranath N 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTClonidine, a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist has been under use as an adjuvant with hyperbaric bupivacaine for prolonging analgesia and maintaining hemodynamic stability during lower limb orthopedic and lower abdominal surgeries.The purpose of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intrathecal Clonidine 50 and 75 μg as adjuvant to hyperbaric Bupivacaine 15 mg (3 mL), and hyperbaric Bupivacaine 3 mL with saline 0.5 mL for onset and duration of anesthesia, hemodynamic stability, and side effects if any.This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 120 patients scheduled for lower limb orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia. The study population was divided into three groups with 40 patients in each group. Group I (controlled group) received 3 mL (15 mg) of 0.5% Bupivacaine heavy and 0.5 mL of normal saline. Group II received 50 μg of clonidine followed by Bupivacaine 0.5% 3 mL (15 mg) and group III received 75 μg of clonidine followed by Bupivacaine 0.5% 3 mL (15 mg) intrathecally. Time taken for onset of sensory and motor blockade, duration of anesthesia, and any perioperative and postoperative complications was noted.We found that clonidine 75 μg given prior to bupivacaine, 3 mL, significantly prolongs the duration of anesthesia with minimal changes in hemodynamic parameters and postoperative complications.How to cite this articleMurthy KTV, Nadkarni MD, Amaranath N. Comparison of Efficacy of Different Doses of Clonidine with 0.5% Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries. J Med Sci 2017;3(2):45-49.
Investigating of Mechanical Behavior of AA5083 in the Pressing Process Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Beglarzadeh Babak , Davoodi Behnam 
Published: August 2017

The process of cold forming is considered of the most different industries and the use of such process in the manufacture of components and small parts has expanded. Therefore, analyzing the behavior of metals in this process to identify and control durability that is the main factor of limiting process has particular importance in industrial forming processes. In this study, cold forming process of aluminum metal has been studied and its effect on its mechanical properties has been evaluated. For this purpose, first modeling piece of aluminum alloy 5083 for cold forming process is carried out and using finite element analysis, mechanical properties of considered piece during cold forming processes are investigated. The results show that by reducing friction, stress and strain during the process will reduce, thereby durability of the piece increases, or in other words, ductile fracture occurs in longer life and higher stresses. The results show that by proper forming operations, it can be improved the strength and durability of aluminum alloy. Finally, validation of results, by comparing simulation results with experimental results is carried out.
Effects of linear and daily undulating periodized resistance training programs on measures of muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Grgic Jozo , Mikulic Pavle , Podnar Hrvoje , Pedisic Zeljko 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPeriodization is an important component of resistance training programs. It is meant to improve adherence to the training regimen, allow for constant progression, help in avoiding plateaus, and reduce occurrence and severity of injuries. Previous findings regarding the effects of different periodization models on measures of muscle hypertrophy are equivocal. To provide a more in-depth look at the topic, we undertook a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of intervention trials comparing the effects of linear periodization (LP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP) resistance training programs on muscle hypertrophy.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) and Open Access Theses and Dissertations (OATD).ResultsThe pooled standardized mean difference (Cohen’s d) from 13 eligible studies for the difference between the periodization models on muscle hypertrophy was −0.02 (95% confidence interval [−0.25, 0.21],p = 0.848).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis comparing LP and DUP indicated that the effects of the two periodization models on muscle hypertrophy are likely to be similar. However, more research is needed in this area, particularly among trained individuals and clinical populations. Future studies may benefit from using instruments that are more sensitive for detecting changes in muscle mass, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.
Microzooplankton grazing in the gulf of california
Authors: García-Pámanes J , Lara-Lara JR 
Published: August 2017

Microzooplankton (organisms < 200 μm) grazing rates were determined using the dilution technique at nine stations in the central region of the Gulf of California and one in the sill of the Guaymas Basin, during spring, summer, and autumn 1995. The microzooplankton was numerically dominated by protozoa, the most important being the dinoflagellates; the most frequent genera were Amphidinium , Oxytoxum , Gyrodinium , and Peridinium . Ciliates were the second most important group and the most abundant genera were Mesodinium , Strombidium , and Strombilidium . Mean phytoplankton growth rates were 1.58, 1.64, and 1.82 d–1 during spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. Mean grazing rates were 1.25, 1.93, and 1.84 d–1 during spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. There were no significant differences in grazing rates among seasons (P > 0.05). Based on the grazing rates we estimated that the microzooplankton can consume about 89%, 106%, and 100% of the potential primary production during spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. Our results suggest that in Guaymas Basin there are two seasons in the year: spring, when a small fraction of the nanophytoplankton is not removed and may be exported to the bottom of the ocean; and summer/autumn, when nanophytoplankton biomass is totally consumed in the pelagic system.
Detection of sea level fingerprints derived from GRACE gravity data
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Wei , Velicogna Isabella 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMass changes of ice sheets, glaciers and ice caps, land water hydrology, atmosphere, and ocean cause a nonuniform sea level rise due to the self‐attraction and loading effects called sea level fingerprints (SLF). SLF have been previously derived from a combination of modeled and observed mass fluxes from the continents into the ocean. Here we derive improved SLF from time series of time variable gravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission for April 2002 to October 2014. We evaluate the GRACE‐derived SLF using ocean bottom pressure (OBP) data from stations in the tropics, where OBP errors are the lowest. We detect the annual phase of the SLF in the OBP signal and separate it unambiguously from the barystatic sea level (BSL) at two stations. At the basin scale, the SLF explain a larger fraction of the variance in steric‐corrected altimetry than the BSL, which has implications for evaluating mass transport between ocean basins.
Viscoelastic lower crust and mantle relaxation following the 14–16 April 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence
Authors: Pollitz Fred F. , Kobayashi Tomokazu , Yarai Hiroshi , Shibazaki Bunichiro , Matsumoto Takumi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence, culminating in the Mw=7.0 16 April 2016 main shock, occurred within an active tectonic belt of central Kyushu. GPS data from GEONET reveal transient crustal motions from several millimeters per year up to ∼3 cm/yr during the first 8.5 months following the sequence. The spatial pattern of horizontal postseismic motions is shaped by both shallow afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle. We construct a suite of 2‐D regional viscoelastic structures in order to derive an optimal joint afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation model using forward modeling of the viscoelastic relaxation. We find that afterslip dominates the postseismic relaxation in the near field (within 30 km of the main shock epicenter), while viscoelastic relaxation dominates at greater distance. The viscoelastic modeling strongly favors a very weak lower crust below a ∼65 km wide zone coinciding with the Beppu‐Shimabara graben and the locus of central Kyushu volcanism. Inferred uppermost mantle viscosity is relatively low beneath southern Kyushu, consistent with independent inferences of a hydrated mantle wedge within the Nankai trough fore ‐arc.
Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis Receiving Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Chieh , Yoshida Kazuki , Tedeschi Sara K. , de Abreu Mirhelen Mendes , Hashemi Nikroo , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo assess hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation rates in patients with resolved or chronic HBV infection, receiving disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and with or without antiviral prophylaxis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Embase using Ovid through December 31, 2015. A search strategy was developed for each database using the following inclusion criteria: for participants, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and resolved or chronic HBV infection; for intervention, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors or non‐TNF biologic or nonbiologic DMARDs; and for outcome, HBV reactivation. Four reviewers independently extracted study data and assessed study quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. To determine the pooled HBV reactivation rate, the variances of the raw proportions were stabilized using a Freeman‐Tukey‐type arcsine square root transformation, using a random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled rate of HBV reactivation was 1.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.8–2.6) in patients with resolved HBV. Similar rates were observed in resolved patients taking TNF inhibitors (1.4% [95% CI 0.5–2.6]), non‐TNF biologics (6.1% [95% CI 0.0–16.6]), and nonbiologic DMARDs (1.7% [95% CI 0.2–4.2]). We also found that the reactivation rate was lower in patients with chronic HBV infection who received antiviral prophylaxis (9.0% [95% CI 4.1–15.5]) than in those who did not (14.6% [95% CI 4.3–29.0]).ConclusionWe found that the HBV reactivation rate in inflammatory arthritis patients receiving DMARDs was low in resolved patients and moderate in patients with chronic HBV infection. Further, lower rates were observed in patients with chronic HBV infection who were using antiviral prophylaxis.
Self‐Powered, Paper‐Based Electrochemical Devices for Sensitive Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Pal Aniket , Cuellar Hugo E. , Kuang Randy , Caurin Heloisa F. N. , Goswami Debkalpa , Martinez Ramses V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work describes the fabrication of self‐powered, paper‐based electrochemical devices (SPEDs) designed for sensitive diagnostics in low‐resource settings and at the point of care. SPEDs are inexpensive, lightweight, mechanically flexible, easy to use, and disposable by burning. The top layer of the SPED is fabricated using cellulose paper with patterned hydrophobic domains that delineate hydrophilic, wicking‐based microfluidic channels for accurate colorimetric assays, and self‐pipetting test zones for electrochemical detection. The bottom layer of the SPED is a triboelectric generator (TEG) fabricated on hydrophobic paper and capable of harvesting electric energy from the user's interaction with the SPED. An inexpensive and rechargeable handheld potentiostat is fabricated to interface with the SPED, enabling the accurate quantitative electrochemical detection of glucose, uric acid, and l‐lactate. The battery powering the potentiostat can be recharged by the user, using the sequential discharge of a capacitor previously charged with the TEG built into the SPED. A machine‐vision diagnostic application is created to automatically identify and quantify each of the colorimetric tests from a digital image of the SPED, taken under a wide range of ambient light conditions, in order to provide fast diagnostic results to the user as well as to facilitate remote expert consultation.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted 3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐quinolones
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Soumendranath , Nath Utpal , Pan Subhas Chandra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first organocatalytic asymmetric reaction employing 3,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinolone has been developed leading to the synthesis of biologically important 3,3‐disubstituted‐dihydro‐2‐quinolones. Cinchona alkaloid derived bifunctional amino‐thiourea catalysts were found to be the best catalysts. The products were obtained in high enantio‐ and good diastereoselectivities and also few synthetic transformations have been demonstrated.magnified image
Current Progress on Rechargeable Magnesium–Air Battery
Authors: Li Chun‐Sheng , Sun Yan , Gebert Florian , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRechargeable Mg–air batteries are a promising alternative to Li–air cells owing to the safety, low price originating from the abundant resource on the earth, and high theoretical volumetric density (3832 A h L−1 for Mg anode vs 2062 A h L−1 for Li). Only a few works are related to the highly reversible Mg–air batteries. The fundamental scientific difficulties hindering the rapid development of secondary Mg–air cells are attributed to the poor thermodynamics and kinetics properties mainly owing to the MgO or MgO2 insulating film as the initial discharge product on air–breathing cathode, contributing to the increase of a large overpotential and a high polarization. Very recently, remarkable progress on rechargeable Mg–air batteries is trying to overcome the major limitations in organic electrolytes via the combination of the first–principle calculation and experimental study. Therefore, this progress report highlights a comprehensive and concise survey of the major progress in the history of secondary Mg–air batteries, and the detailed illustrations of corresponding reaction mechanisms. The overview is devoted to open up a new area for manipulating the nanostructures to control the ideal reaction pathway in novel cell configuration and to fully understand the future Mg–air battery with improved energy density and cycling ability.