bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between oxidative balance score and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 1999–2010
Authors: Li Han , Zhang Zhipeng , Liu Shengjie , Liu Ming , Wang Miao , Wang Xuan 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveFew studies have examined the relationship between systemic oxidative stress and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. This study aimed to explore potential correlations between PCa and oxidative balance score (OBS), which measures systemic oxidative stress.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsA total of 8156 individuals were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWeighted logistic regression with multivariable adjustment and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the correlation between PCa and OBS. A sensitivity analysis was conducted specifically on patients with PCa to verify the results.ResultsThe prevalence of PCa was 2.55%. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed no correlation between OBS, dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS and PCa. Compared with the lowest quartile of OBS, the adjusted ORs for the highest quartile of OBS, dietary OBS and lifestyle OBS were 1.852 (95% CI 1.028–3.339), 1.565 (95% CI 0.841–2.913) and 1.575 (95% CI 0.915–2.710), respectively. Additionally, all p values for trend were greater than 0.05. Subgroup analysis revealed a consistent lack of association between OBS and PCa across various population settings. Furthermore, analysis using RCS confirmed this absence of association, indicating no significant relationship in either a linear or non-linear context. A sensitivity analysis focusing exclusively on patients with PCa showed a strong association (OR=2.737, p=0.008).ConclusionThis cross-sectional study reveals no significant association between systemic oxidative stress, measured by OBS, and PCa risk. Notably, a sensitivity analysis focusing solely on PCa patients suggested a potential link, warranting further investigation.
Occupational support following arthroplasty of the lower limb (OPAL): trial protocol for a UK-wide phase III randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sheehan Lucy , Woodward Amie , Archer Marion , Jordan Carol , Martland Maisie , McDonald David A , Parkinson Gill , Watkins Lou , Adamson Joy , Drummond Avril , Hewison Ann , Keding Ada , Kottam Lucksy , Madan Ira , McDaid Catriona , Reed Mike , Sinclair Lesley , Smith Toby O , Thomson Louise , Wu Qi , Baker Paul 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn the UK, one in four patients are in work at the time of their hip or knee replacement surgery. These patients receive little support about their return to work (RTW). There is a need for an occupational support intervention that encourages safe and sustained RTW which can be integrated into National Health Service practice. We developed a two-arm intervention trial, based on a feasibility study, to assess whether an occupational support intervention (the OPAL (Occupational support for Patients undergoing Arthroplasty of the Lower limb) intervention) is effective in supporting a reduced time to full, sustained RTW compared with usual care in patients undergoing hip and knee replacement.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, individually randomised controlled superiority trial comparing the OPAL intervention to usual care. 742 working adults listed for elective primary hip or knee replacement, who intend to RTW, will be randomised to the OPAL intervention or usual care. The intervention comprises: (1) multimedia information resources; and (2) support from a designated RTW coordinator. The primary outcome is time until ‘full’ sustained RTW without sick leave for a consecutive 4-week period. Secondary outcomes are: time to any RTW, measures of functional recovery, number of ‘sick days’ between surgery and ‘full’ sustained RTW and the use of workplace modifications to facilitate their return. A health economic evaluation and a mixed methods process evaluation will assess cost-effectiveness and the implementation, fidelity and acceptability of the intervention, respectively. Outcomes will be collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month follow-up time points, as well as a monthly RTW questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationDissemination will focus on supporting the wider adoption and implementation of the intervention (if effective) and will target groups for whom the results will be relevant. This trial was approved by West Midlands—Edgbaston REC 23/WM/0013.Trial registration numberISRCTN13694911.
Occupational exposure and new-onset asthma in the population-based Telemark study: a 5-year follow-up
Authors: Zivadinovic Nikola , Jaoiun Keson , Klepaker Geir , Wagstaff Anthony , Torén Kjell , Henneberger Paul K , Kongerud Johny , Abrahamsen Regine , Fell Anne Kristin Moeller 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the incidence of asthma and assess the association between job exposure matrix (N-JEM) assigned occupational exposure, self-reported occupational exposure to vapour, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF), mould, damages from moisture and cold, and new-onset asthma. We also aimed to assess the corresponding population attributable fraction (PAF) for ever exposure to VGDF.DesignLongitudinal population-based respiratory health study.SettingResponders from the baseline Telemark Study in south-eastern Norway were followed up from 2013 to 2018.Participants7120 participants, aged 16–55, were followed during a 5-year period.Main outcome measuresNew-onset asthma and its association with self-reported occupational exposure to VGDF, data from the N-JEM and self-reported workplace conditions were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, smoking and body mass index. The PAF was calculated using the PUNAF command in STATA.ResultsThere were 266 (3.7%) cases of new-onset asthma and an incidence density of 7.5 cases per 1000 person-years. A statistically significant association was found for ever exposed to VGDF with an OR of 1.49 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.94), weekly OR 2.00 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.11) and daily OR 2.46 (95% CI 1.39 to 4.35) exposure to VGDF. The corresponding PAF for ever exposed to VGDF was 17% (95% CI 5.4% to 27.8%) and the risk of asthma onset increased with frequent VGDF exposure, indicating a possible exposure–response relationship (p=0.002 for trend). The N-JEM exposure group, accidental peak exposure to irritants had an increased risk of new-onset asthma, OR 2.43 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.90). A significant association was also found for self-reported exposure to visible damages due to moisture 1.51 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.11), visible and smell of mould 1.88 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.68), 1.55 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.16) and cold environment 1.41 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.86).ConclusionParticipants had elevated ORs for asthma associated with self-reported and N-JEM-assigned exposures. A PAF of 17% indicates that work-related asthma is still common. The possible exposure–response relationship suggests that reducing occupational VGDF exposure frequency could prevent the onset of asthma.
Automated anomaly detection for categorical data by repurposing a form filling recommender system
Authors: Belgacem Hichem , Li Xiaochen , Bianculli Domenico , Briand Lionel 
Published: September 2024

Data quality is crucial in modern software systems, like data-driven decision support systems. However, data quality is affected by data anomalies, which represent instances that deviate from most of the data. These anomalies affect the reliability and trustworthiness of software systems, and may propagate and cause more issues. Although many anomaly detection approaches have been proposed, they mainly focus on numerical data. Moreover, the few approaches targeting anomaly detection for categorical data do not yield consistent results across datasets.
In this article, we propose a novel anomaly detection approach for categorical data named LAFF-AD (LAFF-based Anomaly Detection), which takes advantage of the learning ability of a state-of-the-art form filling tool (LAFF) to perform value inference on suspicious data. LAFF-AD runs a variant of LAFF that predicts the possible values of a suspicious categorical field in the suspicious instance. LAFF-AD then compares the output of LAFF to the recorded values in the suspicious instance, and uses a heuristic-based strategy to detect categorical data anomalies.
We evaluated LAFF-AD by assessing its effectiveness and efficiency on six datasets. Our experimental results show that LAFF-AD can accurately determine a high range of data anomalies, with recall values between 0.6 and 1 and a precision value of at least 0.808. Furthermore, LAFF-AD is efficient, taking at most 7000s and 735ms to perform training and prediction, respectively.
Antioxidant Properties and Vasorelaxant Mechanism of Aqueous Extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Kojom Jacquy Joyce Wanche , Bogning Calvin Zangueu , Lappa Edwige Laure , Sonfack Christelle Stéphanie , Kuinze Augustine Nkojap , Etamé-Loé Gisèle , Dongmo Alain Bertrand 
Published: September 2024

Ricinodendron heudelotii is a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases, including high blood pressure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and vasorelaxant effects of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of R. heudelotii.The pharmacological studies were carried out using the aqueous extract obtained by infusion. The antioxidant capacity of R. heudelotii was assessed by in vitro tests with DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2 ′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenz‐thiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), iron‐reducing capacity (FRAP), and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) release. In vitro studies, the aortic rings obtained from adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes were used to determine the vasorelaxant effects of the extract of R. heudelotii on the NO and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways as well as its involvement on various potassium channels were determined on intact or naked fragments of rat aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (10-6 M) or KCl (60 mM).The aqueous extract of R. heudelotii exhibited a remarkable DPPH (EC50: 1.68 μg/mL) and ABTS (EC50: 106.30 μg/mL) and nitric oxide (53.71% inhibition at 1000 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities as well as reducing power (absorbance of 1.56 at 1000 μg/mL). The nitric oxide inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), and prostacyclin inhibitor, indomethacin, significantly attenuated the vasodilatory effect of R. heudelotii. Tetraethylammonium could not inhibit the vasodilatory effect of the extract, unlike glibenclamide and barium chloride.Ricinodendron heudelotii extract possesses antioxidant properties and vasorelaxing effect linked to endothelium‐related factors, and this relaxation was partially mediated mainly through the inhibition of Kir and KATP channels.
Data from Intratumoral Microbiota Composition Regulates Chemoimmunotherapy Response in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Hong , Leng Xuefeng , Liu Qianshi , Mao Tianqin , Jiang Tao , Liu Yiqiang , Li Feifei , Cao Chenhui , Fan Jun , Chen Liang , Chen Yaqi , Yao Quan , Lu Shun , Liang Renchuan , Hu Lanlin , Liu Mingxin , Wan Yejian , Li Zhaoshen , Peng Jun , Luo Qiyu , Zhou Hang , Yin Jun , Xu Ke , Lan Mei , Peng Xinhao , Lan Haitao , Li Gang , Han Yongtao , Zhang Xia , Xiao Zhi-Xiong Jim. , Lang Jinyi , Wang Guihua , Xu Chuan 
Published: September 2024

<div>Abstract<p>Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NACI) has shown promise in the treatment of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The microbiomes of patients can impact therapy response, and previous studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota influences cancer immunotherapy by activating gut immunity. Here, we investigated the effects of intratumoral microbiota on the response of ESCC patients to NACI. Intra-tumoral microbiota signatures of β-diversity were disparate and predicted the treatment efficiency of NACI. The enrichment of Streptococcus positively correlated with GrzB+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissues. The abundance of Streptococcus could predict prolonged disease-free survival in ESCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) demonstrated that responders displayed a higher proportion of CD8+ effector memory T cells but a lower proportion of CD4+ Treg cells. Mice that underwent fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) or intestinal colonization with Streptococcus from responders showed enrichment of Streptococcus in tumor tissues, elevated tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, and a favorable response to anti-PD-1 treatment. Collectively, this study suggests that intratumoral Streptococcus signatures could predict NACI response and sheds light on the potential clinical utility of intratumoral microbiota for cancer immunotherapy. </p></div>
Multiple Myeloma Risk and Outcomes Are Associated with Pathogenic Germline Variants in DNA Repair Genes
Authors: Thibaud Santiago , Subaran Ryan L. , Newman Scott , Lagana Alessandro , Melnekoff David T. , Bodnar Saoirse , Ram Meghana , Soens Zachry , Genthe William , Brander Tehilla , Mouhieddine Tarek H. , Van Oekelen Oliver , Houldsworth Jane , Cho Hearn Jay , Richard Shambavi , Richter Joshua , Rodriguez Cesar , Rossi Adriana , Sanchez Larysa , Chari Ajai , Moshier Erin , Jagannath Sundar , Parekh Samir , Onel Kenan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
First-degree relatives of patients with multiple myeloma are at increased risk for the disease, but the contribution of pathogenic germline variants (PGV) in hereditary cancer genes to multiple myeloma risk and outcomes is not well characterized. To address this, we analyzed germline exomes in two independent cohorts of 895 and 786 patients with multiple myeloma. PGVs were identified in 8.6% of the Discovery cohort and 11.5% of the Replication cohort, with a notable presence of high- or moderate-penetrance PGVs (associated with autosomal dominant cancer predisposition) in DNA repair genes (3.6% and 4.1%, respectively). PGVs in BRCA1 (OR = 3.9, FDR &lt; 0.01) and BRCA2 (OR = 7.0, FDR &lt; 0.001) were significantly enriched in patients with multiple myeloma when compared with 134,187 healthy controls. Five of the eight BRCA2 PGV carriers exhibited tumor-specific copy number loss in BRCA2, suggesting somatic loss of heterozygosity. PGVs associated with autosomal dominant cancer predisposition were associated with younger age at diagnosis, personal or familial cancer history, and longer progression-free survival after upfront high-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation (P &lt; 0.01).
Significance: Our findings suggest up to 10% of patients with multiple myeloma may have an unsuspected cancer predisposition syndrome. Given familial implications and favorable outcomes with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation in high-penetrance PGV carriers, genetic testing should be considered for young or newly diagnosed patients with a personal or family cancer history.
See related commentary by Walker, p. 375
A Role for Germline Variants in Multiple Myeloma?
Authors: Walker Brian A. 
Published: September 2024

Summary:
In Blood Cancer Discovery, Thibaud and colleagues report the incidence of pathogenic germline variants (PGV) in patients with multiple myeloma and that these PGVs are associated with DNA repair pathway genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. They find an association of patients with PGVs and previous family or personal history of cancer, and that these patients are diagnosed slightly earlier than those without PGVs. Patients with PGVs had a longer progression-free survival than those without PGVs when they received high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplant, providing a therapeutic rationale for diagnostic germline testing in myeloma.
See related article by Thibaud et al., p. 428
USAID Democracy Promotion as a Possible Predictor of Revolutionary Destabilization
Authors: Kostin Maksim , Korotayev Andrey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
USAID democracy promotion programs might not only influence the democracy levels, but also increase the likelihood of revolutionary uprisings in the recipient states. Democracy promotion can strengthen political opponents of the incumbent regime via support for alternative media, civil society groups and political parties, on one hand, and, on the other, support democratic institutions that in contrast to autocracies are more tolerable towards political opponents and thus allow more room for expressing political will on the streets. Since democracy aid targets “democrats” who are less prone to exert armed violence, the authors expect it to be associated with unarmed uprisings. Using logit regression models, they find that the volume of the USAID financial democracy assistance appears to be a significant predictor of unarmed revolutionary destabilization, but its effect is relatively weak. Some particular sub-sectors of democracy assistance have an impact on revolutionary destabilization, namely: civil society, elections, human rights and media assistance. These correlations might be partly explained by the fact that USAID assistance goes disproportionately to anocracies. This aid tends to increase the probability of revolutionary destabilization in two ways – directly (through strengthening political opponents of the regime) and indirectly (through increasing the number of anocracies in the world).
Mythodesign in Modern Kazakh Realities
Authors: Nukezhanova Samal , Dyussembekova Maira , Zelenin Vsevolod 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Kazakhstan is in a state of transformation. This is due, on the one hand, to the internal processes of generational change, the economic crisis, and demographic changes. But also, on the other hand, to the collapse of the global security system and the dysfunctionality of international organisations such as Amnesty International, Red Cross, OSCE, and UN. These challenges lead to the construction of a new system of meanings that will help unite Kazakh society. Mythodesign can be a technology for achieving this. In scientific publications, there are gaps in the analysis of how mythodesign is used in Kazakhstan. The article will analyse the state and prospects of mythodesign development in modern Kazakh reality. Mythodesign in the first thirty years of Kazakhstan’s independence included the following elements. Domestic policy: multiculturalism and dialogue in Kazakh society, especially the between the titular (Kazakh) and non-titular (Russian) nations. Foreign policy: a multi-vector policy that came about as a response to Kazakhstan’s geopolitical position. This manifests itself in Kazakhstan’s participation in the Eurasian Economic Union. The key political figure who constructed the national myth was N. Nazarbayev, whose political brand followed these key elements. This study can be used to develop new mythologemes for Kazakhstan.
CMIP6 Models Underestimate Arctic Sea Ice Loss during the Early Twentieth-Century Warming, despite Simulating Large Low-Frequency Sea Ice Variability
Authors: Bianco Elena , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward , Materia Stefano , Ruggieri Paolo , Iovino Doroteaciro , Masina Simona 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The variability of Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) on interannual and multidecadal time scales is examined in 29 models with historical forcing participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and in twentieth-century sea ice reconstructions. Results show that during the historical period with low external forcing (1850–1919), CMIP6 models display relatively good agreement in their representation of interannual sea ice variability (IVSIE) but exhibit pronounced intermodel spread in multidecadal sea ice variability (MVSIE), which is overestimated with respect to sea ice reconstructions and is dominated by model uncertainty in sea ice simulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. We find that this is associated with differences in models’ sensitivity to Northern Hemispheric sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Additionally, we show that while CMIP6 models are generally capable of simulating multidecadal changes in Arctic sea ice from the mid-twentieth century to present day, they tend to underestimate the observed sea ice decline during the early twentieth-century warming (ETCW; 1915–45). These results suggest the need for an improved characterization of the sea ice response to multidecadal climate variability in order to address the sources of model bias and reduce the uncertainty in future projections arising from intermodel spread.

Significance Statement
The credibility of Arctic sea ice predictions depends on whether climate models are capable of reproducing changes in the past climate, including patterns of sea ice variability which can mask or amplify the response to global warming. This study aims to better understand how latest-generation global climate models simulate interannual and multidecadal variability of Arctic sea ice relative to available observations. We find that models differ in their representation of multidecadal sea ice variability, which is overall larger than in observations. Additionally, models underestimate the sea ice decline during the period of observed warming between 1915 and 1945. Our results suggest that, to achieve better predictions of Arctic sea ice, the realism of low-frequency sea ice variability in models should be improved.
Dietary omega-3 intake and cognitive function in older adults
Authors: Wang Bingdian , Li Deqin , Peng Cuicui , Hong Jingfang , Wu Yonggui 
Published: September 2024

Objective Dietary habits have long been known to be a critical factor influencing cognitive health, especially among older adults. Despite extensive research on various dietary components, the impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on cognitive function has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This research seeks to determine whether more intake of omega-3 PUFAs correlates with improved cognitive function in older adults. Methods Data were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 2430 elderly participants aged 60 and above. The association between omega-3 consumption and cognitive outcomes was evaluated using linear regression models. Smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis were employed to examine nonlinear associations. Subgroup studies were conducted to demonstrate the strength and reliability of the correlation and factors affecting them. Results The fully adjusted model demonstrated significant positive correlations between omega-3 intake and scores on all 3 cognitive assessments performed. Specifically, in the final model, the beta coefficients for the CERAD Word Learning test, Animal Fluency Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33-0.72; P < 0.0001), 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12-0.47; P = 0.001), and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.19-1.03; P = 0.0045), respectively. Conclusion Increased intake of omega-3 was positively and independently associated with cognitive function in older adults, suggesting that consumption of omega-3 PUFAs may help to prevent cognitive decline with aging. Prospective studies are needed to determine the direct of effect in this association.