bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpositional Arthroplasty by Temporalis Fascia Flap and Galea Aponeurotica Combined With Distraction Osteogenesis: a Modified Method in Treatment of Adult Patients With Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis and Mandibular Dysplasia
Authors: Qiao Jia , Yu Bing , Gui Lai , Fu Xi , Yen Chung-Kwan , Niu Feng , Zhang Huijun , Wang Cai , Chen Ying , Wang Meng , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Interpositional arthroplasty (IPA) with temporalis fascia flap has been one of the most frequently performed procedures to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. However, recurrence often occurs when the flap lacks bulk or atrophies. Whether to perform IPA or distraction osteogenesis (DO) first has long been a controversial issue when patients presented mandibular dysplasia (MD). This study provided IPA a new graft material sufficient to prevent recurrence, combined the modified protocol of performing DO 6 months after IPA, and evaluated its efficacy in treating TMJ ankylosis patients with MD.

Methods:
Six patients with unilateral TMJ ankylosis and MD were treated in the authors’ study. The temporalis fascia flap and part of adjacent galea aponeurotica were filled the space after surgical release. Mouth-opening exercises started immediately post-IPA. Distraction osteogenesis was performed 6 months after IPA and had a 4-month consolidation. The maximum interincisal distance at preoperative, immediately post-IPA and the latest follow-up were recorded, as was the distraction length. The body mass index was measured at each patient's postoperative visit.

Result:
All patients had significant improvements in facial aesthetic, mouth-opening, and occlusion. No major complication or recurrence was observed at 3 to 4 years’ follow-up. The mean maximum interincisal distance was 4.83 ± 2.79 mm preoperative and 35.67 ± 3.39 mm at the latest follow-up. The mean distraction distance was 16.17 ± 5.98 mm. The body mass index improved from 17.33 ± 0.64 kg/m2 preoperative to 18.75 ± 0.60 kg/m2 before DO.

Conclusions:
Temporalis fascia flap and adjacent galea aponeurotica as new graft materials are recommended for IPA. The modified staged treatment proved to be reliable and effective to prevent recurrence, improve mandibular length and final occlusion.
Maxillary Sagittal Position in Relation to the Forehead: A Target for Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Resnick Cory M. , Calabrese Carly E. , Resnick Anthea S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The relationship of the maxillary incisor to forehead position and angulation may be a predictor for the esthetic antero-posterior maxillary position in orthognathic surgery, but this has not been fully explored in the existing literature. Additionally, this analysis requires a lateral smiling photograph, which is not typically included in orthodontic/orthognathic records. This is a bidirectional study of Caucasian orthodontic patients with malocclusions correctable with nonsurgical and nonextraction treatment. Subjects for Group 1 were enrolled prospectively and records included a lateral smiling photograph. Group 2 patients were collected retrospectively with standard records. The analysis described in Andrews’ Element II of The Six Elements of Orofacial Harmony was applied to the smiling photographs for Group 1, resulting in “Incisor- goal anterior limit line (GALL)” measurements. A modified analysis utilizing cephalometric tracings was applied for both the groups, and the results were compared. Forty-nine subjects with mean age 11.8 ± 1.2 years were included (n = 14 for Group 1, n = 35 for Group 2). Mean Incisor-GALL distances were 3.71 ± 5.39 mm for females and 4.47 ± 5.06 mm for males. Correlation between analyses was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.872). In conclusion, a modified approach to measuring the Incisor-GALL distance using standard orthodontic records correlated closely with the analysis described by Andrews. Normal values for this measurement are presented for Caucasian patients.
Postoperative ERAS Interventions Have the Greatest Impact on Optimal Recovery
Authors: Aarts Mary-Anne , Rotstein Ori D. , Pearsall Emily A. , Victor J. Charles , Okrainec Allan , McKenzie Marg , McCluskey Stuart A. , Conn Lesley Gotlib , McLeod Robin S. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs incorporate evidence-based practices to minimize perioperative stress, gut dysfunction, and promote early recovery. However, it is unknown which components have the greatest impact.

Objective:
This study aims to determine which components of ERAS programs have the largest impact on recovery for patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

Methods:
An iERAS program was implemented in 15 academic hospitals. Data were collected prospectively. Patients were considered compliant if >75% of the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative predefined interventions were adhered to. Optimal recovery was defined as discharge within 5 days of surgery with no major complications, no readmission to hospital, and no mortality. Multivariable analysis was used to model the impact of compliance and technique on optimal recovery.

Results:
Overall, 2876 patients were enrolled. Colon resections were performed in 64.7% of patients and 52.9% had a laparoscopic procedure. Only 20.1% of patients were compliant with all phases of the pathway. The poorest compliance rate was for postoperative interventions (40.3%) which was independently associated with an increase in optimal recovery (RR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.81–2.47). Compliance with ERAS interventions remained associated with improved outcomes whether surgery was performed laparoscopically (RR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.96) or open (RR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.68–3.13). However, the impact of ERAS compliance was significantly greater in the open group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Postoperative compliance is the most difficult to achieve but is most strongly associated with optimal recovery. Although our data support that ERAS has more effect in patients undergoing open surgery, it also showed a significant impact on patients treated with a laparoscopic approach.
Gathering Validity Evidence for Surgical Simulation
Authors: Borgersen Nanna Jo , Naur Therese M. H. , Sørensen Stine M. D. , Bjerrum Flemming , Konge Lars , Subhi Yousif , Thomsen Ann Sofia S. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To identify current trends in the use of validity frameworks in surgical simulation, to provide an overview of the evidence behind the assessment of technical skills in all surgical specialties, and to present recommendations and guidelines for future validity studies.

Summary of Background Data:
Validity evidence for assessment tools used in the evaluation of surgical performance is of paramount importance to ensure valid and reliable assessment of skills.

Methods:
We systematically reviewed the literature by searching 5 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) for studies published from January 1, 2008, to July 10, 2017. We included original studies evaluating simulation-based assessments of health professionals in surgical specialties and extracted data on surgical specialty, simulator modality, participant characteristics, and the validity framework used. Data were synthesized qualitatively.

Results:
We identified 498 studies with a total of 18,312 participants. Publications involving validity assessments in surgical simulation more than doubled from 2008 to 2010 (∼30 studies/year) to 2014 to 2016 (∼70 to 90 studies/year). Only 6.6% of the studies used the recommended contemporary validity framework (Messick). The majority of studies used outdated frameworks such as face validity. Significant differences were identified across surgical specialties. The evaluated assessment tools were mostly inanimate or virtual reality simulation models.

Conclusion:
An increasing number of studies have gathered validity evidence for simulation-based assessments in surgical specialties, but the use of outdated frameworks remains common. To address the current practice, this paper presents guidelines on how to use the contemporary validity framework when designing validity studies.
Immunosuppression Adherence in Stable Kidney Transplant Patients Converted From Immediate- to Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus in Clinical Practice: A Norwegian Study
Authors: Abedini Sadollah , Gøransson Lasse , Cockburn Elinor , Kilany Suzanne , Holdaas Hallvard 
Published: January 2018

Background
This study investigated medication adherence in kidney transplant patients (KTPs) converted from immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-T) to prolonged-release tacrolimus (PR-T)-based immunosuppression in routine practice.

Methods
Noninterventional, observational, multicenter study in Norway. Included adult KTPs with stable graft function, converted from IR-T (baseline) to PR-T (1 mg:1 mg) in routine practice. Data were collected at baseline, and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 postconversion. Primary endpoint: adherence using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication Scale. Secondary assessments: tacrolimus dose and trough levels (target, 3-7 ng/mL), clinical laboratory parameters (eg, estimated glomerular filtration rate [Modified Diet in Renal Disease]), and adverse events.

Results
Ninety-one KTPs (mean ± SD age 47.7 ± 14.3 years) were analyzed. Mean ± SD change in PR-T dose from baseline (4.4 ± 2.4 mg/d) to month 12 was −0.1 ± 0.9 mg/d; mean tacrolimus trough levels remained within target. Overall medication adherence increased from 45.6% at baseline to 58.1% at month 1, but was similar to baseline thereafter; taking and timing adherence followed a similar pattern. Odds ratio (OR) for adherence at month 1 (but not at other time points) was greater versus baseline for overall (OR, 1.71; P = 0.0205), taking (OR, 3.38; P = 0.0004), and timing (OR, 1.77, P = 0.0252) dimensions. Mean ± SD Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication Scale visual analogue scale score at baseline was 96.4 ± 5.5%, and increased postconversion. Estimated glomerular filtration rate remained stable (month 12, 61.6 ± 17.7 mL/min per 1.73 m2), as did other laboratory parameters. Two (2.2%) patients had adverse events considered probably/possibly treatment-related.

Conclusions
There was disparity between high, patient-perceived and low, actual adherence. Converting stable KTPs from IR-T to PR-T in routine practice did not impact long-term adherence to immunosuppression; renal function remained stable.
Open-Access Electronic Diary for Motor Fluctuation and Dyskinesia Evaluation in Parkinson Disease: Comparison With Paper Diary
Authors: Terroba-Chambi Cinthia , Bruno Veronica , Medina-Escobar Alex , Nanni Federico , Cerquetti Daniel , Rossi Malco , Merello Marcelo 
Published: January 2018

Objective
To determine the utility of an electronic diary for registering motor fluctuations and dyskinesia in Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
Free, open-access touch screen software suitable for Android 4.4 or higher, with medication alarms, adjustable intervals, and medication dose settings was developed to evaluate ON-OFF periods and dyskinesia. Prospective evaluation included a first phase conducted to make adjustments concerning motor limitations when using the tablet, as well as for proper motor complication identification, and a second phase of 3 days of use at home with a prior diary training session comparing a modified paper version of Core Assessment Program for Surgical Interventional Therapies in PD and the electronic diary.

Results
All patients correctly identified ON-OFF periods and dyskinesia. Rater/patient matching ON-OFF fluctuations ranged between 94% and 100% for evaluations of different motor states. Dyskinesia matching percentage was 100% for patients with dyskinesia interfering with activities of daily living and 88% for those who reported no-interference. No significant differences between paper and electronic diaries were identified when reporting ON-OFF motor states or in the number of errors when filling the diaries.

Conclusions
This electronic motor diary proved to be reliable for ON-OFF state and dyskinesia identification and classification. However, no advantage to paper diary has been observed in terms of number of erroneous entries. Based on these results, to improve home motor fluctuations, detection efforts should be directed toward the development of automatic wearable devices rather than digital versions of current available ON-OFF diaries.
Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi’s iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events
Authors: Frantz Laurent A. F. , Rudzinski Anna , Nugraha Abang Mansyursyah Surya , Evin Allowen , Burton James , Hulme-Beaman Ardern , Linderholm Anna , Barnett Ross , Vega Rodrigo , Irving-Pease Evan K. , Haile James , Allen Richard , Leus Kristin , Shephard Jill , Hillyer Mia , Gillemot Sarah , van den Hurk Jeroen , Ogle Sharron , Atofanei Cristina , Thomas Mark G. , Johansson Friederike , Haris Mustari Abdul , Williams John , Mohamad Kusdiantoro , Damayanti Chandramaya Siska , Wiryadi Ita Djuwita , Obbles Dagmar , Mona Stephano , Day Hally , Yasin Muhammad , Meker Stefan , McGuire Jimmy A. , Evans Ben J. , von Rintelen Thomas , Ho Simon Y. W. , Searle Jeremy B. , Kitchener Andrew C. , Macdonald Alastair A. , Shaw Darren J. , Hall Robert , Galbusera Peter , Larson Greger 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe high degree of endemism on Sulawesi has previously been suggested to have vicariant origins, dating back 40 Myr ago. Recent studies, however, suggest that much of Sulawesi’s fauna assembled over the last 15 Myr. Here, we test the hypothesis that recent uplift of previously submerged portions of land on Sulawesi promoted diversification, and that much of the its faunal assemblage is much younger than the island itself. To do so, we combined palaeogeographical reconstructions with genetic and morphometric data sets derived from Sulawesi’s three largest mammals: the Babirusa, Anoa, and Sulawesi warty pig. Our results indicate that although these species most likely colonized the area that is now Sulawesi at different times (14 Myr ago to 2-3 Myr ago), they experienced an almost synchronous expansion from the central part of the island. Geological reconstructions indicate that this area was above sea level for most of the last 4 Myr, unlike most parts of the island. We conclude that recent emergence of land on Sulawesi (~1–2 Myr) may have allowed species to expand synchronously. Altogether, our results indicates that the establishment of the highly endemic faunal assemblage on Sulawesi was driven by geological events over the last few million years.
Targeting the DNM3OS / miR-199a~214 cluster for the treatment of fibroproliferative diseases
Authors: Savary G. , Buscot M. , Dewaeles E. , Diazzi S. , Nottet N. , Courcot E. , Fassy J. , Lebrigand K. , Henaoui I. S. , Martis N. , Van der Hauwaert C. , Leroy S. , Plantier L. , Paquet A. , Lino Cardenas C. L. , Vassaux G. , Crestani B. , Wallaert B. , Rezzonico R. , Brousseau T. , Glowacki F. , Bellusci S. , Perrais M. , Broly F. , Barbry P. , Marquette C. H. , Cauffiez C. , Mari B. , Pottier N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGiven the paucity of effective treatments for fibrotic disorders, new insights into the deleterious mechanisms controlling fibroblast activation, the key cell type driving the fibrogenic process, are essential to develop new therapeutic strategies. Here, we identified the long non-coding RNA DNM3OS as a critical downstream effector of TGF-β-induced myofibroblast activation. Mechanistically, DNM3OS regulates this process in trans by giving rise to 3 distinct profibrotic mature miRNAs (i.e. miR-199a-5p/3p and miR-214-3p), which influence both SMAD and non-SMAD components of TGF-β signaling in a multifaceted way, through two modes of action consisting of either signal amplification or mediation. Finally, we provide preclinical evidence that interfering with DNM3OS function using distinct strategies not only prevents lung and kidney fibrosis but also improves established lung fibrosis, providing thus a novel paradigm for the treatment of refractory fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.One Sentence SummaryThe DNM3OS lncRNA is a reservoir of fibromiRs with major functions in fibroblast response to TGF-β and represents a valuable therapeutic target for refractory fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
High-magnitude innovators as keystone individuals in the evolution of culture
Authors: Arbilly Michal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBorrowing from the concept of keystone species in ecological food webs, a recent focus in the field of animal behaviour has been keystone individuals: individuals whose impact on population dynamics is disproportionally larger than their frequency in the population. In populations evolving culture, such may be the role of high-magnitude innovators: individuals whose innovations are a major departure from the population’s existing behavioural repertoire. Their effect on cultural evolution is twofold: they produce innovations that constitute a ‘cultural leap’, and, once copied, their innovations may induce further innovations by conspecifics (socially induced innovations), as they explore the new behaviour themselves. I use computer simulations to study the co-evolution of independent innovations, socially induced innovations, and innovation magnitude, and show that while socially induced innovation is assumed here to be less costly than independent innovation, it does not readily evolve. When it evolves, it may in some conditions select against independent innovation and lower its frequency, despite it requiring independent innovation in order to operate; at the same time, however, it leads to much faster cultural evolution. These results confirm the role of high-magnitude innovators as keystones, and suggest a novel explanation for low frequency of independent innovation.
NvERTx: A gene expression database to compare Embryogenesis and Regeneration in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensis
Authors: Warner Jacob F. , Guerlais Vincent , Amiel Aldine R. , Johnston Hereroa , Nedoncelle Karine , Röttinger Eric 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor more than a century researchers have been comparing embryogenesis and regeneration hoping that lessons learned from embryonic development will unlock hidden regenerative potential. This problem has historically been a difficult one to investigate since the best regenerative model systems are poor embryonic models and vice versa. Recently however, the comparison of embryogenesis and regeneration has seen renewed interest as emerging models including the sea anemoneNematostella vectensishave allowed researchers to investigate these processes in the same organism. This interest has been further fueled by the advent of high-throughput transcriptomic analyses that provide virtual mountains of data. Unfortunately much of this data remains in raw unanalyzed formats that are difficult to access or browse. Here we presentNematostellavectensisEmbryogenesis andRegenerationTranscriptomics- NvERTx, the first platform for comparing gene expression during embryogenesis and regeneration. NvERTx is comprised of close to 50 RNAseq datasets spanning embryogenesis and regeneration inNematostella. These data were used to perform a robustde novotranscriptome assembly which users can search, BLAST and plot expression of multiple genes during these two developmental processes. The site is also home to the results of gene clustering analyses, to further mine the data and identify groups of co-expressed genes. The site can be accessed athttp://nvertx.kahikai.org.
Generalizing Genetic Risk Scores from Europeans to Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Grinde Kelsey E. , Qi Qibin , Thornton Timothy A. , Liu Simin , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Chan Kei Hang K. , Reiner Alexander P. , Sofer Tamar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGenetic risk scores (GRSs) are weighted sums of risk allele counts of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a disease or trait. Construction of GRSs is typically based on published results from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs), the majority of which have been performed in large populations of European ancestry (EA) individuals. While many genotype-trait associations have been shown to generalize from EA populations to other populations, such as Hispanics/Latinos, the optimal choice of SNPs and weights for GRSs may differ between populations due to different linkage disequilibrium (LD) and allele frequency patterns. This is further complicated by the fact that different Hispanic/Latino populations may have different admixture patterns, so that LD and allele frequency patterns may not be the same among non-EA populations. Here, we compare various approaches for GRS construction, using GWAS results from both large EA studies and a smaller study in Hispanics/Latinos, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL, n = 12, 803). We consider multiple ways to select SNPs from association regions and to calculate the SNP weights. We study the performance of the resulting GRSs in an independent study of Hispanics/Latinos from the Woman Health Initiative (WHI, n = 3, 582). We support our investigation with simulation studies of potential genetic architectures in a single locus. We observed that selecting variants based on EA GWASs generally performs well, as long as SNP weights are calculated using Hispanics/Latinos GWASs, or using the meta-analysis of EA and Hispanics/Latinos GWASs. The optimal approach depends on the genetic architecture of the trait.
Cryo-EM structure of an early precursor of large ribosomal subunit reveals a half assembled intermediate
Authors: Zhou Dejian , Zhu Xing , Zheng Sanduo , Tan Dan , Dong Meng-Qiu , Ye Keqiong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAssembly of eukaryotic ribosome is a complicated and dynamic process that involves a series of intermediates. How the highly intertwined structure of 60S large ribosomal subunits is established is unknown. Here, we report the structure of an early nucleolar pre-60S ribosome determined by cryo-electron microscopy at 3.7 Å resolution, revealing a half assembled subunit. Domains I, II and VI of 25S/5.8S rRNA tightly pack into a native-like substructure, but domains III, IV and V are not assembled. The structure contains 12 assembly factors and 19 ribosomal proteins, many of which are required for early processing of large subunit rRNA. The Brx1-Ebp2 complex would interfere with the assembly of domains IV and V. Rpf1, Mak16, Nsa1 and Rrp1 form a cluster that consolidates the joining of domains I and II. Our structure reveals a key intermediate on the path to the establishment of the global architecture of 60S subunits.