bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation and divergence within the clathrin interactome of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Kalb Ligia Cristina , Frederico Yohana Camila A. , Boehm Cordula , Moreira Claudia Maria do Nascimento , Soares Maurilio José , Field Mark C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTrypanosomatids are parasitic protozoa with a significant burden on human health. African and American trypanosomes are causative agents of Nagana and Chagas disease respectively, and speciated about 300 million years ago. These parasites have highly distinct life cycles, pathologies, transmission strategies and surface proteomes, being dominated by the variant surface glycoprotein (African) or mucins (American) respectively. In African trypanosomes clathrin-mediated trafficking is responsible for endocytosis and post-Golgi transport, with several mechanistic aspects distinct from higher organisms. Using clathrin light chain (TcCLC) and EpsinR (TcEpsinR) as affinity handles, we identified candidate clathrin-associated proteins (CAPs) in Trypanosoma cruzi; the cohort includes orthologs of many proteins known to mediate vesicle trafficking, but significantly not the AP-2 adaptor complex. Several trypanosome-specific proteins common with African trypanosomes, were also identified. Fluorescence microscopy revealed localisations for TcEpsinR, TcCLC and TcCHC at the posterior region of trypomastigote cells, coincident with the flagellar pocket and Golgi apparatus. These data provide the first systematic analysis of clathrin-mediated trafficking in T. cruzi, allowing comparison between protein cohorts and other trypanosomes and also suggest that clathrin trafficking in at least some life stages of T. cruzi may be AP-2-independent.
Effect of assisted hatching on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Da , Yang Da-Lei , An Jing , Jiao Jiao , Zhou Yi-Ming , Wu Qi-Jun , Wang Xiu-Xia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that assisted hatching (AH) techniques may improve clinical pregnancy rates, particularly in poor prognosis patients; however, there still remains considerable uncertainty. We conducted a meta-analysis to verify the effect of AH on pregnancy outcomes. We searched for related studies published in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases from start dates to October 10, 2015. Totally, 36 randomized controlled trials with 6459 participants were included. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for whether by AH or not were estimated. We found a significant increase in clinical pregnancy (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00–1.36, I2 = 48.3%) and multiple pregnancy rates (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.11–2.01, I2 = 44.0%) with AH when compared to the control. Numerous subgroup analyses stratified by hatching method, conception mode, extent of AH, embryos transfer status and previous failure history were also carried out. Interestingly, significant results of clinical pregnancy as well as multiple pregnancy rates were observed among women who received intracytoplasmic sperm injection and who received AH which the zona were completely removed. In summary, this meta-analysis supports that AH was associated with an increased chance of achieving clinical pregnancy and multiple pregnancy. Whether AH significantly changes live birth and miscarriage rates needs further investigations.
Neuroanatomical bases of effortful control: evidence from a large sample of young healthy adults using voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Nouchi Rui , Takeuchi Hikaru , Taki Yasuyuki , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Kotozaki Yuka , Nakagawa Seishu , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Iizuka Kunio , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Shinada Takamitsu , Yamamoto Yuki , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Sassa Yuko , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEffortful control (EC) is a base of individuality in cognition and psychological adjustment. EC is defined as a capacity to control responses and behaviors. We investigated associations between individual differences of EC and regional gray and white matter volume (rGMV/rGMV) in 374 men and 306 women (age, 20.61 ± 1.82 years) using Japanese version of Effortful control scale (J-ECS). J-ECS consists of three subscales such as inhibitory control (IC), activation control (ACTC), and attentional control (ATC). Results showed that (a) IC was associated with larger rGMV in the dorsal part of anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre SMA and larger rWMV in the dACC, (b) ACTC was correlated with smaller rGMV in the insula and the putamen, and (c) ATC was associated with larger rWMV in the inferior frontal gyrus, orbital frontal gyrus, ACC, and insula. Our study revealed key neuroanatomical correlations between EC and rGMV and rWMV.
Evaluation of VDR gene polymorphisms in Trypanosoma cruzi infection and chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Leon Rodriguez Daniel A , Carmona F David , González Clara Isabel , Martin Javier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVitamin D is an important modulator of the immune response. It acts over several immune cell types where the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed. Due to the high relevance of this signaling pathway, several studies have investigated the possible influence of genes involved in the metabolism of Vitamin D and its receptor in different human diseases. Here, we analyzed whether four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the VDR gene (rs731236, rs7975232, rs1544410 and rs2228570) are involved in the susceptibility to infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and/or to chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) in a Colombian endemic population for this parasite. Our results showed that the rs2228570*A allele is associated with CCC development (P = 4.46E−03, OR = 1.51). In summary, the data presented in this report suggest that variation within the VDR gene may affect the immune response against T. cruzi, increasing the probability of cardiac complications in infected individuals.
Deformable Self-Propelled Micro-Object Comprising Underwater Oil Droplets
Authors: Banno Taisuke , Asami Arisa , Ueno Naoko , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Koyano Yuki , Asakura Kouichi , Toyota Taro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe self-propelled motion with deformation of micrometer-sized soft matter in water has potential application not only for underwater carriers or probes in very narrow spaces but also for understanding cell locomotion in terms of non-equilibrium physics. As far as we know, there have been no reports about micrometer-sized self-propelled soft matter mimicking amoeboid motion underwater. Here, we report an artificial molecular system of underwater oil droplets exhibiting self-propelled motion with deformation as an initial experimental model. We describe the heterogeneity in a deformable self-propelled oil droplet system in aqueous and oil phases and at their interface based on the behavior and interaction of surfactant and oil molecules. The current results have great importance for scientific frontiers such as developing deformable micro-swimmers and exploring the emergence of self-locomotion of oil droplet-type protocells.
Reciprocity in spatial evolutionary public goods game on double-layered network
Authors: Kim Jinho , Yook Soon-Hyung , Kim Yup 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpatial evolutionary games have mainly been studied on a single, isolated network. However, in real world systems, many interaction topologies are not isolated but many different types of networks are inter-connected to each other. In this study, we investigate the spatial evolutionary public goods game (SEPGG) on double-layered random networks (DRN). Based on the mean-field type arguments and numerical simulations, we find that SEPGG on DRN shows very rich interesting phenomena, especially, depending on the size of each layer, intra-connectivity, and inter-connected couplings, the network reciprocity of SEPGG on DRN can be drastically enhanced through the inter-connected coupling. Furthermore, SEPGG on DRN can provide a more general framework which includes the evolutionary dynamics on multiplex networks and inter-connected networks at the same time.
Administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents endothelial dysfunction caused by an oral glucose load
Authors: Walsh Lauren K. , Restaino Robert M. , Neuringer Martha , Manrique Camila , Padilla Jaume 
Published: August 2016

Postprandial hyperglycaemia leads to a transient impairment in endothelial function; however, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Previous work in cell culture models demonstrate that high glucose results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and, in animal studies, ER stress has been implicated as a cause of endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that acute oral administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, 1500 mg), a chemical chaperone known to alleviate ER stress, would prevent hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. In 12 young healthy subjects (seven men, five women), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed at baseline, and at 60 and 120 min after an oral glucose challenge. Subjects were tested on two separate visits in a single-blind randomized cross-over design: after oral ingestion of TUDCA or placebo capsules. FMD was reduced from baseline during hyperglycaemia under the placebo condition (−32% at 60 min and −28% at 120 min post oral glucose load; P&lt;0.05 from baseline) but not under the TUDCA condition (−4% at 60 min and +0.3% at 120 min post oral glucose load; P&gt;0.05 from baseline). Postprandial plasma glucose and insulin were not altered by TUDCA ingestion. Plasma oxidative stress markers 3-nitrotyrosine and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) remained unaltered throughout the oral glucose challenge in both conditions. These results suggest that hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction can be mitigated by oral administration of TUDCA, thus supporting the hypothesis that ER stress may contribute to endothelial dysfunction during postprandial hyperglycaemia.
Passive switched‐capacitor filter with complex poles for high‐speed applications
Authors: Payandehnia P. , Maghami H. , Kareppagoudr M. , Temes G.C. 
Published: August 2016

A novel complex‐pole switched‐capacitor lowpass filter topology is presented. The proposed scheme features sharper roll‐off in the frequency response and reduced in‐band loss compared with a real‐pole filter. It provides higher stop‐band rejection for the same bandwidth. Hence, the required filter order and chip area are reduced. These improvements are achieved without adding more active blocks to the real‐pole filter, and with minimal added complexity. The proposed filter has the same low‐output thermal noise level as the real‐pole filter. These features, combined with a wide‐frequency tuning range, make the filter suitable for high‐speed, low‐noise, and low‐power applications. A fourth‐order 200 MS/s filter prototype was designed in 0.18 µm Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation CMOS technology. Simulations verify that the average in‐band loss is reduced by 3.2 dB compared with the real‐pole filter. The 3 dB cut‐off frequency can be tuned from 470 kHz to 17.5 MHz with 100 dB maximum stop‐band rejection.
Delayed quadratic buck converter
Authors: Vázquez Nimrod , Reyes‐Malanche Josue Augusto , Vázquez Eslí , Osorio Rene , Hernández Claudia 
Published: August 2016

Nowadays, the microprocessors family normally require for the input source not only low voltage but also high current. There exists an increasing necessity for developing new applied techniques on topologies and control strategies, which may be able to fulfil such requirements. Although a considerable amount of applications use the conventional buck converter for step‐down for DC/DC conversion, when a high step‐down conversion is required is a much better choice to implement the quadratic buck converter (QBC); however, the problem for obtaining a high step‐down conversion at wide duty ratio still remains. This document proposes the delayed quadratic buck converter, which offers a very high‐step‐down dc–dc conversion with a wide duty cycle. The QBC is modified in its topology by adding an inductor, which allows us to obtain for the duty cycle a higher increment than this normally obtained by a quadratic one. Converter behaviour and analysis are illustrated. Experimental results are also shown for a conversion from 36 to 1.5 V and an output power of 20 W.
RNF122 suppresses antiviral type I interferon production by targeting RIG-I CARDs to mediate RIG-I degradation
Authors: Wang Wendie , Jiang Minghong , Liu Shuo , Zhang Shikun , Liu Wei , Ma Yuanwu , Zhang Lianfeng , Zhang Jiyan , Cao Xuetao 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Upon virus infection, host cells detect viral nucleic acids and initiate antiviral innate immune responses by producing type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. As a cytoplasmic sensor for RNA viruses, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) recognizes the pathogenic RNAs and activates downstream signaling for initiation of antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we identify RING finger protein 122 (RNF122) as an E3 ligase that directly binds to RIG-I to induce K48-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and mediate RIG-I degradation, consequently suppressing RIG-I–triggered antiviral innate immune response. RNF122 expression is upregulated by innate stimuli, and then acts as a feedback-negative regulator of RIG-I signaling to restrain type I IFN overproduction. Our study adds insight into the role of E3 ligases in the control of antiviral innate immunity.
Belowground rhizomes in paleosols: The hidden half of an Early Devonian vascular plant
Authors: Xue Jinzhuang , Deng Zhenzhen , Huang Pu , Huang Kangjun , Benton Michael J. , Cui Ying , Wang Deming , Liu Jianbo , Shen Bing , Basinger James F. , Hao Shougang 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The roots and rhizomes of early vascular plants, and their interactions with soils, are poorly documented. Here we report on the complex, belowground rhizome systems of an Early Devonian plant, and their contribution to the formation of the earliest record of rooted red-bed soils in Asia. Our specimens predate the earliest trees with deep roots from the Middle Devonian by 20 million years. We propose that plant rhizomes have long functioned in terrestrial ecosystems, playing important roles in shaping Earth’s environments by reducing soil erosion rates and thereby increasing the stability of land surface and resilience of plant communities.
No relative expansion of the number of prefrontal neurons in primate and human evolution
Authors: Gabi Mariana , Neves Kleber , Masseron Carolinne , Ribeiro Pedro F. M. , Ventura-Antunes Lissa , Torres Laila , Mota Bruno , Kaas Jon H. , Herculano-Houzel Suzana 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Human brain evolution is often considered synonymous with cortical expansion, in particular of the prefrontal cortex, a cortical region required for our remarkable cognitive abilities such as personality expression, planning, and decision making. In this study, we show that the expansion of numbers of cortical neurons in human and nonhuman primate evolution occurred in a similar manner across the cortex, without an increase in the relative number of neurons in the prefrontal region, and without a relative increase in the number of cells in the prefrontal white matter. One thing that distinguishes the human brain from other primate brains is thus not the relative size of its prefrontal cortex but its absolute number of neurons.
Functional neuroanatomy of intuitive physical inference
Authors: Fischer Jason , Mikhael John G. , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Kanwisher Nancy 
Published: August 2016

SignificancePerceiving the physical structure of the world and predicting how physical events will unfold over time are central to our daily lives. Recent behavioral and computational research has suggested that our physical intuitions may be supported by a “physics engine” in the brain akin to the physical simulation engines built into video games. However, to date, there has been almost no investigation of the brain areas involved in intuitive physical inference. Here, using fMRI, we show that a variety of physical inference tasks as well as simply viewing physically rich scenes engage a common brain network in frontal and parietal cortices. These findings open the door to the cognitive neuroscientific study of physical inference in the human brain.
Xkr8 phospholipid scrambling complex in apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure
Authors: Suzuki Jun , Imanishi Eiichi , Nagata Shigekazu 
Published: August 2016

Significance
In healthy cells, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is exclusively localized at inner leaflets of plasma membranes. When cells undergo apoptosis, caspases cleave a membrane protein, XK-related protein (Xkr) 8, at the C terminus, and the cleaved Xkr8 supports scrambling of phospholipids between inner and outer leaflets of plasma membranes. The PtdSer, thus exposed to the cell surface, is recognized by macrophages as an “eat me” signal for engulfment of dead cells. We report that Xkr8 is present as a complex with basigin or neuroplastin that work as a chaperone to localize Xkr8 at plasma membranes. When Xkr8 is cleaved by caspase, the complex undergoes a higher-order structure. These results will contribute to our understanding of how the Xkr8 scrambles phospholipids when cells undergo apoptosis.
Spawning and Hatching of Endangered Gila Chub in Captivity
Authors: Schultz Andrew A , Bonar Scott A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Information on reproductive characteristics of the endangered Gila Chub Gila intermedia is largely limited and qualitative, and culture techniques and requirements are virtually unknown. Here we provide the first published data on spawning and selected reproductive and developmental characteristics of Gila Chub. Fish were brought to the laboratory in March 2003 from Sabino Creek, Arizona (12.3°C). Fish were then warmed slowly and spawned at 14.9°C, 10 d after collection. Following this initial spawning, Gila Chub spawned consistently in the laboratory without hormonal, chemical, photoperiod, temperature, or substrate manipulation during all times of the year. Spawns were noted at temperatures ranging from about 15°C to 26°C; however, we noted that Gila Chub spawned less frequently at temperatures above 24°C. Multiple spawning attempts per year per individual are probable. There was a strong, inverse relationship between time to hatch and incubation temperature. The hatch rate of eggs was high (mean = 99.43%), and larval Gila Chub accepted a variety of natural and formulated diets at first feeding. The future of Gila Chub may someday depend in part on hatchery propagation to provide specimens for restocking formerly occupied habitats and establishing refuge populations. Information from our study can aid future efforts to successfully spawn and rear Gila Chub and related species.
Enhancement of helium exhaust by resonant magnetic perturbation fields at LHD and TEXTOR
Authors: Schmitz O. , Ida K. , Kobayashi M. , Bader A. , Brezinsek S. , Evans T.E. , Funaba H. , Goto M. , Mitarai O. , Morisaki T. , Motojima G. , Nakamura Y. , Narushima Y. , Nicolai D. , Samm U. , Tanaka H. , Yamada H. , Yoshinuma M. , Xu Y. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The ability to exhaust helium as the fusion born plasma impurity is a critical requirement for burning plasmas. We demonstrate in this paper that resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields can be used to actively manipulate helium exhaust characteristics. We present results from puff/pump studies at TEXTOR as example for a tokamak with a pumped limiter and from the Large Helical Device (LHD) with the closed helical divertor as example for a heliotron/stellarator device. For LHD, the effective helium confinement time

τ

p
,

H
e

∗

is a factor of 7–8 higher in the low and high density regimes explored when compared to TEXTOR discharges. This is attributed to ion root impurity transport which is one particular impurity transport regime assessed experimentally at LHD and which facilitates helium penetration to the plasma core. However, when an edge magnetic island is induced by externally applied RMP fields,

τ

p
,

H
e

∗

is decreased by up to

30
%

and hence

τ

p
,

H
e

∗

values closer to those of TEXTOR can be established. The combination of TEXTOR and LHD results suggest that a magnetic island induced by the RMP field in the plasma source region is an important ingredient for improving helium exhaust. The reduction in

τ

p
,

H
e

∗

seen is caused by a combination of improved helium exhaust due to an enhanced coupling to the pumping systems, increased outward transport and a reduced fueling efficiency for the helium injected and recycling from the wall elements.
MR perfusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of high-grade gliomas after treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patel Praneil , Baradaran Hediyeh , Delgado Diana , Askin Gulce , Christos Paul , John Tsiouris Apostolos , Gupta Ajay 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background.
Distinction between tumor and treatment related changes is crucial for clinical management of patients with high-grade gliomas. Our purpose was to evaluate whether dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) metrics can effectively differentiate between recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes within the enhancing signal abnormality on conventional MRI.

Methods.
A comprehensive literature search was performed for studies evaluating PWI-based differentiation of recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes in patients with high-grade gliomas (World Health Organization grades III and IV). Only studies published in the “temozolomide era” beginning in 2005 were included. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were obtained by using a random-effects model.

Results.
Of 1581 abstracts screened, 28 articles were included. The pooled sensitivities and specificities of each study's best performing parameter were 90% and 88% (95% CI: 0.85–0.94; 0.83–0.92) and 89% and 85% (95% CI: 0.78–0.96; 0.77–0.91) for DSC and DCE, respectively. The pooled sensitivities and specificities for detecting tumor recurrence using the 2 most commonly evaluated parameters, mean relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) (threshold range, 0.9–2.15) and maximum rCBV (threshold range, 1.49–3.1), were 88% and 88% (95% CI: 0.81–0.94; 0.78–0.95) and 93% and 76% (95% CI: 0.86–0.98; 0.66–0.85), respectively.

Conclusions.
PWI-derived thresholds separating viable tumor from treatment changes demonstrate relatively good accuracy in individual studies. However, because of significant variability in optimal reported thresholds and other limitations in the existing body of literature, further investigation and standardization is needed before implementing any particular quantitative PWI strategy across institutions.
An unusual cause of hoarseness and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Authors: Truong Phat , Dickerson Lisa 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and thyroid disease suggest locally invasive thyroid malignancy. In contrast, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy caused by benign multinodular goiters or ectopic thyroid tissue accounts for only 1% of cases. This article describes an unusual case of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy secondary to a benign ectopic retrosternal thyroid tissue mass. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with progressive voice weakness and hoarseness.