bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Detection of Glaucoma From Topographic Features of the Optic Nerve Head in Color Fundus Photographs
Authors: Chakrabarty Lipi , Joshi Gopal Datt , Chakravarty Arunava , Raman Ganesh V. , Krishnadas S.R. , Sivaswamy Jayanthi 
Published: November 2015

Objective:
To describe and evaluate the performance of an automated CAD system for detection of glaucoma from color fundus photographs.

Design and Setting:
Color fundus photographs of 2252 eyes from 1126 subjects were collected from 2 centers: Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai and Coimbatore, India. The images of 1926 eyes (963 subjects) were used to train an automated image analysis-based system, which was developed to provide a decision on a given fundus image. A total of 163 subjects were clinically examined by 2 ophthalmologists independently and their diagnostic decisions were recorded. The consensus decision was defined to be the clinical reference (gold standard). Fundus images of eyes with disagreement in diagnosis were excluded from the study. The fundus images of the remaining 314 eyes (157 subjects) were presented to 4 graders and their diagnostic decisions on the same were collected. The performance of the system was evaluated on the 314 images, using the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity of the system and 4 independent graders were determined against the clinical reference standard.

Results:
The system achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.792 with a sensitivity of 0.716 and specificity of 0.717 at a selected threshold for the detection of glaucoma. The agreement with the clinical reference standard as determined by Cohen κ is 0.45 for the proposed system. This is comparable to that of the image-based decisions of 4 ophthalmologists.

Conclusions and Relevance:
An automated system was presented for glaucoma detection from color fundus photographs. The overall evaluation results indicated that the presented system was comparable in performance to glaucoma classification by a manual grader solely based on fundus image examination.
Campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni bacteraemia in a patient with BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia in remission on dasatinib therapy
Authors: Karrasch Matthias , Pfister Wolfgang , Edel Birgit , Stallmach Andreas , Hagel Stefan , Hochhaus Andreas , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: November 2015

Introduction:
We report an unusual case of Campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive, BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia in complete cytogenetic and major molecular remission after dasatinib/IFN therapy.

Case presentation:
On admission, the patient presented with fever and acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Initial empiric antibiotics consisted of ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Stool and blood culture samples were collected and submitted for evaluation; these specimens were processed as per laboratory protocol. Several Gram-negative, spiral rods could be identified microscopically in Gram-stained slides from bottled blood and stool cultures. Isolate identification was performed on the Vitek 2 system using a GN identification card and API Campy strips and by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Discrepant identification was obtained between the Vitek versus the API Campy test and MALDI-TOF. Erythromycin susceptibility testing was done using an Etest, whereas all other susceptibility testing and breakpoint analysis was done following the EUCAST procedure. Initial empiric antibiotic treatment was switched from ceftriaxone to ciprofloxacin according to antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and Etest (ciprofloxacin MIC of 0.094 μg ml− 1) results. C. jejuni bacteraemia was successfully eradicated after 1 week of ciprofloxacin therapy.

Conclusion:
This case describes the rare event of a Campylobacter bacteraemia, which could have been falsely interpreted because of non-specific colony morphology and the initial Vitek result. Only the combination of microscopy, MALDI-TOF and an API Campy test was able to rapidly identify this bacterium as C. jejuni. This case also shows the importance of immediate AST- and MIC-adapted antibiotic treatment in immunocompromised febrile patients suffering from Campylobacter-induced bloody diarrhoea.
Diversity of fate outcomes in cell pairs under lateral inhibition
Authors: Guisoni Nara , Martinez-Corral Rosa , Garcia Ojalvo Jordi , de Navascués Joaquín 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCell fate determination by lateral inhibition via Notch/Delta signalling has been extensively studied. Most formalised models consider Notch/Delta interactions in fields of cells, with parameters that typically lead to symmetry breaking of signalling states between neighbouring cells, commonly resulting in salt-and-pepper fate patterns. Here we consider the case of signalling between isolated cell pairs, and find that the bifurcation properties of a standard mathematical model of lateral inhibition can lead to stable symmetric signalling states. We apply this model to the adult intestinal stem cell (ISC) ofDrosophila, whose fate is stochastic but dependent on the Notch/Delta pathway. We observe a correlation between signalling state in cell pairs and their contact area. We interpret this behaviour in terms of the properties of our model in the presence of population variability in signalling thresholds. Our results suggest that the dynamics of Notch/Delta signalling can contribute to explain stochasticity in stem cell fate decisions, and that the standard model for lateral inhibition can account for a wider range of developmental outcomes than previously considered.Summary statementNotch/Delta-mediated lateral inhibition in cell pairs can result in symmetric signalling depending on the activation threshold, which can modulate cell-fate decisions depending on contact area.
Al-Muqassah model
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Mydin Meera Ahamed Kameel 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a new Islamic credit card model that is in line with Shariah principles and can be adopted as an alternative to contemporary Islamic credit card models by Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is theoretical in nature and mainly based on descriptive research method approach.

Findings
– The overall findings indicate that the contemporary practice of Islamic credit card in Malaysia is still controversial in its design and operation. Moreover, the adoption and practice of Shariah contracts in bay’ al-inah, tawarruq and ujrah models are not in line with fundamental doctrines of Shariah and are imbued with the practice of hilah (legal trick), which allows them to circumvent the prohibition of riba. The paper indicates that Al-Muqassah model possibly has a comparative advantage in design and operation when compared with the bay’ al-inah, tawarruq or ujrah models.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is limited to develop a new Shariah-compliant Islamic credit card model. The paper presents a design and defines the underlying Islamic financial contracts and their working mechanisms in the proposed model. However, it will not address other related areas like consumer perception, legal and regulatory requirements.

Practical implications
– The paper will have direct implications on contemporary practice of Islamic credit card in Malaysia and elsewhere. The practice of Al-Muqassah model can also possibly have effects on common well-being and economic development.

Originality/value
– The paper has relevance for Islamic financial institutions offering Islamic credit cards. The proposed model is fully in line with fundamental doctrines of Shariah and performs the key functions of an Islamic credit card.
The need for Shariah harmonization in financial reporting standardization
Authors: Mukhlisin Murniati , Hudaib Mohammad , Azid Toseef 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to analyze IFIs’ stakeholders’ perception on Shariah harmonization for financial reporting standards inIndonesia as a part of the development effort of linking the emerging global Islamic banking to Indonesian financial and industrial markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of 160 respondents, who were stakeholders of Islamic banks, was taken from Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia and its surrounding major districts to examine the stakeholders’ perception on Shariah harmonization effort toward the implementation of a uniformed financial reporting standard for Islamic financial institutions. Data for this study were collected using a structured questionnaire.

Findings
– Through this study, the authors found several measures to be taken to ensure Shariah harmonization efforts in Indonesia such as deep understanding on the fatawā brought into practices and strict monitoring on the Islamic banks in applying the financial reporting standards that imply practicing the fatawā, both de jure and de facto. However, the respondents differ in their opinion on the possibility of Shariah harmonization, both de jure and de facto. The role of various actors involved in the financial reporting standardization may impede Shariah harmonization to take place.

Research limitations/implications
– The study is only looking at one case study, which is Indonesia. Therefore, future studies should consider more countries and significant number of respondents. Different research instruments to measure the perception can also be an interesting research exploration. In addition, adopting deep Islamic political economy of accounting theory may support better analysis on the issue of financial reporting standardization for Islamic financial institutions.

Originality/value
– This paper has practical significance for financial reporting standard setters for Islamic banks and policy-makers to understand the key behavioral and demographical dimensions of their stakeholders and using these dimensions to effectively position important aspects in financial reporting standards setting.
Productivity of MENA Islamic banks: a bootstrapped Malmquist index approach
Authors: Bahrini Raéf 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the total factor productivity (TFP)[1] change and to investigate its determinants in the case of MENA Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approach– In the first stage, bootstrapped Malmquist index approach is used to provide a robust analysis of the changes in the productivity of 33 Islamic banks operating in 10 MENA countries during the period 2006-2011. In the second stage, panel data models are used to investigate the determinants of TFP change.Findings– The results of the first stage show that Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) banks have known a productivity decline between 2006 and 2011 due to technical regress and scale inefficiency. In contrast, non-GCC banks have improved their productivity by benefiting from scale economies. The results of the second stage show that the productivity growth of MENA Islamic banks was mainly determined by bank-specific factors and that TFP indices decreased in the period of global financial crisis.Practical implications– This paper provides relevant recommendations for improving the productivity of Islamic banks operating in the MENA countries.Originality/value– This paper attempts to fill a demanding gap in the literature by examining productivity change and investigating its determinants using cross-country data of MENA Islamic banks. In addition, it is one of the few studies that have applied the bootstrapped Malmquist index approach in the case of Islamic banking.
The historic development of modern US advertising regulation
Authors: Petty Ross D. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to examine the US history of advertising regulation, both formal and informal and public and private – particularly focused on advertising that is likely to mislead consumers about attributes, characteristics or performance of advertised products.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research examines both primary sources such as legal challenges and contemporary writings as well as secondary sources.

Findings
– Although early court decisions were reluctant to find advertising to be dishonest, the Post Office was the first government agency to challenge blatantly false advertisements through criminal prosecution. At the end of the 1800s, the nascent advertising industry developed an interest in regulating truthfulness to enhance advertising credibility. It proposed a model state criminal code and advertising clubs, followed by local Better Business Bureaus, began to informally resolve advertising dispute. In 1914, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was established with authority to prevent unfair methods of competition which it used to challenge advertising that was likely to injure competitors. This authority was later expanded to cover advertising that was likely to mislead consumers regardless of competitive injury. The FTC experimented with trade association advertising provisions and expanding its concepts and tools overtime until a period of retrenchment in the 1980s that set the foundations of modern advertising regulation.

Originality/value
– This is the first treatment of advertising regulatory history that simultaneously covers and compares various sources of advertising regulation to develop a comprehensive exposition of advertising regulation history.
Forgotten classics: Marketing Methods by Ralph Starr Butler (1918)
Authors: Powers Thomas L. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a retrospective review of an early marketing text, Marketing Methods (1918) by Ralph Starr Butler.

Design/methodology/approach
– Marketing Methods is summarized, and perspectives of scholars that have occurred since its publication are provided.

Findings
– Marketing Methods represents the first college textbook to use the term “marketing” and, thus, represents a major and important early work in the field.

Originality/value
– This review of Marketing Methods provides a retrospective on the development, structure, critical reviews and influence of this text.
Facilitating organizational learning in the Russian business context
Authors: Molodchik Mariia , Jardon Carlos 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The paper aims to identify particular traits of the Russian context which condition two key enablers of organizational learning: organizational culture and transformational leadership.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on a literature review, the study determines management challenges by implementation of organizational learning in the Russian business context. Taking this into account, the authors suggest specific model of organizational learning which contains organizational learning processes, organizational culture oriented towards learning and transformational leadership. Empirical justification of this model is provided using a sample of more than 100 respondents. Partial least squares-analysis is applied to define structural relationships between the elements of proposed model.Findings– The study reveals the positive and significant influence of transformational leadership and an organizational culture on organizational learning processes. Moreover, transformational leadership is shown to have a positive impact on an organizational culture, confirming the hypothesis regarding the pivotal role of leaders in the Russian business context.Research limitations/implications– The findings of this study can assist managers doing business in Russia to improve organizational learning processes. The size of the sample appears to be the main limitation of this study. Questions that might also be addressed in additional research concern the influence of organizational learning on the performance of Russian companies.Originality/value– The paper contributes to a better understanding of the barriers and stimuli exacted on organizational learning and provides empirical evidence of organizational learning practices of Russian companies.
Enhanced effect of BCG vaccine against pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice with lung Th17 response to mycobacterial heparin‐binding hemagglutinin adhesin antigen
Authors: Fukui Masayuki , Shinjo Kikuko , Umemura Masayuki , Shigeno Satoko , Harakuni Tetsuya , Arakawa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Goro 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough the BCG vaccine can prevent tuberculosis (TB) in infants, its ability to prevent adult pulmonary TB is reportedly limited. Therefore, development of a novel effective vaccine against pulmonary TB has become an international research priority. We have previously reported that intranasal vaccination of mice with a mycobacterial heparin‐binding hemagglutinin adhesin (HBHA) plus mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) enhances production of IFN‐γ and anti‐HBHA antibody and suppresses extrapulmonary bacterial dissemination after intranasal infection with BCG. In the present study, the effects of intranasal HBHA + CT vaccine on murine pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection were examined. Intranasal HBHA + CT vaccination alone failed to reduce the bacterial burden in the infected lung. However, a combination vaccine consisting of s.c. BCG priming and an intranasal HBHA + CT booster significantly enhanced protective immunity against pulmonary Mtb infection on day 14 compared with BCG vaccine alone. Further, it was found that intranasal HBHA + CT vaccine enhanced not only IFN‐γ but also IL‐17A production by HBHA‐specific T cells in the lung after pulmonary Mtb infection. Therefore, this combination vaccine may be a good candidate for a new vaccine strategy against pulmonary TB.
Quantifying fish and mobile invertebrate production from a threatened nursery habitat
Authors: zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. , Grabowski Jonathan H. , Gair Jonathan R. , Powers Sean P. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Quantification of ecosystem services is increasingly valuable for conservation and restoration decision‐making. Structured habitats serve as nursery grounds by enhancing juvenile fish and mobile crustacean survival and abundance. This service is challenging to quantify due to ontogenetic shifts in habitat use by many species.

We reviewed available literature on the increased abundance of juvenile fish and mobile crustaceans in a key nursery habitat – Crassostrea virginica reefs in the USA. We modelled the growth and mortality of the enhanced species using three different natural mortality (M) estimates to provide estimates of the gross and net lifetime production and uncertainty that can be attributed to the habitat.

Recruitment of nineteen and twelve species were found to be enhanced by the addition of C. virginica reefs to previously unstructured habitat in the Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic and Mid‐Atlantic USA, respectively. This increased recruitment is estimated to result in a mean lifetime enhancement in production of 397 ± 115 (1 SD) g m−2 year−1 in the Gulf of Mexico and 281 ± 56 g m−2 year−1 in the South Atlantic and Mid‐Atlantic.

The two regions differed with regard to the identity of the enhanced species and their degree of augmentation. Thus, our results highlight the inadequacy of applying regional estimates of ecosystem services to global scales. Furthermore, estimates of total enhancement varied by up to a factor of 2·8 across the three methods of M estimation.

Our estimates are quantitative predictions of the ecological benefits derived from the restoration or conservation of a threatened habitat, and advance the field of restoration science beyond qualitative statements that just predict direction of benefit (e.g. increased or decreased). Quantification of the uncertainty in the production estimates further increases their utility for decision‐makers.

Synthesis and applications. Our results can be applied to the restoration or conservation of nursery habitats where habitat is limiting the recruitment of fish species. Quantitative estimates of fisheries productivity enhancement by habitats can be used by managers to determine the expected return on investment in restoration activities, provide testable predictions for monitoring programs and communicate the value of restoring or conserving habitat.
Effects of mammalian herbivores and termites on the performance of native and exotic plantation tree seedlings
Authors: Moe Stein R. , Loe Leif Egil , Jessen Malin , Okullo Paul 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Invasion of exotic species is a global challenge and the potential for adverse effects on local biodiversity is particularly high in protected areas. Protected African savanna areas support globally important biodiversity. At the same time, forest plantations are widespread throughout Africa and exotic tree species frequently invade natural areas. To evaluate the potential invasiveness of plant species, it is pertinent to know to what extent, if at all, consumption by native herbivore assemblages differentially affects exotic and indigenous plants.

We studied how two globally widespread exotic trees Eucalyptus grandis and Grevillea robusta and two common indigenous trees Milicia excelsa and Maesopsis eminii responded to natural herbivory by large herbivores and termites. We experimentally exposed 720 tree seedlings to: (i) no large herbivores or termites; (ii) termites only; (iii) large herbivores only; and (iv) both large herbivores and termites.

When exposed to large herbivores and termites, the total survival was much higher for the exotics with 45% (E. grandis) and 63% (G. robusta) compared to the indigenous species (both 20%). Exposure to large herbivores affected early seedling survival of natives more than the exotics. Apart from the indigenous M. excelsa, survival did not decrease when seedlings were exposed to termites. Large herbivores retarded seedling growth for all species. The exotic E. grandis was the only species capable of growth when exposed to large herbivores. Exposure to termites had only a small, but significant effect resulting in a 7% size difference in all species.

Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight how browsing might, for some tree species, adversely affect native seedling survival and growth more than exotic species in protected African savanna. If exotic species are to be used in plantations, managers should consider planting tree species and varieties that are sensitive to ungulate browsing. This will not compromise economic gain because large herbivores are generally less common in plantations. Consequently, local ungulates could function as biological control agents outside plantations and reduce the potential risk of exotic plants proliferating in protected areas.
Inclusionary Zoning and Exclusionary Development: The Politics of ‘Affordable Housing' in North Brooklyn
Authors: Stabrowski Filip 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA key element of New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's New Housing Marketplace program has been the use of voluntary inclusionary zoning, through which private developers have been offered tax breaks and density bonuses to develop affordable housing on newly rezoned land. While this program has failed to alleviate the housing affordability crisis in New York City, little attention has been paid to its political effects on community‐based struggles over housing. This article addresses this question by examining the 2005 Greenpoint‐Williamsburg Waterfront Rezoning, which combined a voluntary inclusionary zoning program with a tenant services contract intended to mitigate the residential displacement effects of the rezoning. I critically examine its design, execution and monitoring, based on two years of work as an organizer and administrator of the tenant services contract. I argue that technologies of consent and control have reshaped the politics of housing in North Brooklyn by replacing resistance to gentrification with amelioration of its effects, through the anticipated creation of affordable housing. The upshot has been an emergent politics of housing in which real estate‐led development is regarded not as a cause of gentrification but as its solution.