bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current trend of sexual maturity, teeth eruption, and bone fusion in the present female population, relative to documented age and development of prediction model for age of females
Authors: Nath Anamika , Thakuria Pradip K. , Gogoi Nitu K. , Debnath Ambalika 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Understanding sexual maturity and bone fusion is crucial in forensic investigations and legal contexts. This study investigates the contemporary trend of sexual maturity and bone fusion in females, comparing the observed age-related characteristics with documented ages. Such analyses contribute to the accuracy of age estimation methods used in medico-legal scenarios.

Methods:
A comprehensive study was conducted involving a diverse sample of females, and their sexual maturity and bone fusion were assessed relative to documented ages. The research utilized a cross-sectional design, collecting data through interviews, medical examinations, and radiographic imaging. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants provided informed consent. Variables included documented age, age of menarche, stages of sexual maturity, dentition, and bone fusion. Validation of model performance was conducted.

Results:
Among 70 cases studied, the mean age of menarche was 10.48 years (range: 7–12 years). Maternal reports indicated menarche onset between 12–17 years. Tanner’s Staging 5 for pubic hair and fully developed breasts occurred at 14 years. Permanent teeth increased with age, with 28 or more teeth present at age 14 or above. Fusion of the distal end of the Radius and Ulna with the parent bone was positive from 15 years onwards. The regression model predicted age accurately (97.99% fit).

Conclusion:
The results highlight the early onset of sexual maturation, consistent teeth eruption, and bone fusion patterns in females. The observed correlations offer valuable insights for medicolegal practitioners and forensic experts.
Awareness of rhinoplasty surgery among the population in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khawaji Nehad K. , Mokarbesh Hadi M. , Kariri Khalil I. , Dallak Fatimah H. , Othathi Faisal A. , Hakami Ayman M. , Wafi Abdulaziz Y. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cosmetic and plastic surgery is becoming increasingly prevalent all over the world among both men and women. Saudi Arabia ranks 22nd among the top 25 countries with the world’s highest rates of cosmetic surgeries. This study aimed to assess the awareness of the population in the Jazan region regarding rhinoplasty surgery and to identify their main determinants.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of 425 participants was conducted at four randomly selected malls in Gizan City. A self-administered questionnaire was first developed to collect the data necessary to fulfill the research objectives, data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The quantitative data were reported as a mean and standard deviation, and the qualitative data were reported as frequency and percentage. Regarding tests for significance, the Chi-square test used a P value less than 0.05 as an indicator of significance. Logistic regression was used to detect the predictors of poor knowledge of rhinoplasty surgery.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 39.46 ± 10.08. Of the participants, 53.6% have poor knowledge while 36.0% have good knowledge regarding rhinoplasty surgery. Moreover, 60.2% have an unfavorable attitude while 23.6% have a favorable attitude toward rhinoplasty surgery. The most important predictors of poor knowledge of rhinoplasty surgery are as follows: (a) old age (OR = 4.89), (b) illiteracy (OR = 4.12), (c) intermediate education (OR = 3.65), and (d) male sex (OR = 1.18).

Conclusion:
There was a low level of knowledge regarding rhinoplasty surgery among the study participants, most of the participants had negative (unfavorable) attitudes toward rhinoplasty surgery. Mass media plays an important role as a source of information. We recommend further studies to find out other personal factors affecting knowledge and attitude toward rhinoplasty surgery.
Burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Greater Noida, U.P., India
Authors: Maan Nikita , Kumar Abhinit , Nayar Nikhil , Kumar Kunal , Sheoran Chaitanya 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that causes major functional impairments, raises the risk of disability, and reduces life expectancy. It affects around 7 in 1000 people b/w the age of 15 and 35 years. Schizophrenia poses a great challenge not only for the patient but also for the people and the society around the patient. Family members who serve as informal primary carers may suffer personal expenses as a result of providing care for those who have major mental illnesses. One outcome that is regularly studied is the caregiver burden or the challenges encountered in providing care.

Aims:
Burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Greater Noida, U.P, India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out at the School of medical sciences and Research, Sharda University. We enrolled 100 caregivers and it is assessed through the burden assessment scale.

Results:
Caregivers ranged in age from 20 to 85, with a mean age of 47 (SD=14.1). The male-to-female ratio was 1.7, with 63 men and 37 women present. The majority of the caregivers were parents (n=54), siblings (n=9), spouses (n=10), or their children (n=5). On the burden assessment scale, the severity of the burden was found on the basis of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe.

Conclusion:
It is important to understand the mental health of caregivers in order to develop an appropriate intervention to deal with their mental health problems. Therefore, this study highlighted the need for psychological interventions not only for the patients but also for caregivers.
Evaluation of Successful and Failed Filtering Blebs after Trabeculectomy Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Tekin Serek , Seven Erbil , Batur Muhammed , Özer Muhammet D , Yasar Tekin 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate filtering bleb characteristics using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and analyze correlations between these parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods:
The study included 54 eyes of 43 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. The patients were divided into two groups based on mean postoperative IOP. The criterion for surgical success was mean unmedicated postoperative IOP ≤18 mmHg. Patients with IOP values >18 mmHg were prescribed anti-glaucoma drops and classified as a surgical failure. All patients underwent AS-OCT, and maximum bleb height, maximum bleb wall thickness, and maximum fluid-filled cavity height were measured. AS-OCT bleb parameters were compared between the successful and failed groups.

Results:
Of the 54 eyes, 37 (68.5%) were in the successful group, and 17 (31.5%) were in the failed group. Mean preoperative IOP values in the successful and failed groups were 26.9 ± 6.5 mmHg and 22.9 ± 4.9 mmHg, preoperatively, versus postoperative values of 13.3 ± 2.1 mmHg and 22.8 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. Mean postoperative follow-up time was 17.4 ± 9.5 months in the successful group and 19.1 ± 10.1 months in the failed group (P = 0.22). In the successful and failed groups, mean bleb height was 1473.7 ± 150.6 μm and 1165.4 ± 217 μm (P < 0.001), bleb wall thickness was 670.5 ± 119.9 μm and 538.8 ± 144.3 μm (P = 0.001), and fluid-filled cavity height was 736.5 ± 196.8 μm versus 532.5 ± 226.2 μm (P = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that higher AS-OCT values for bleb height, wall thickness, and fluid-filled cavity height were associated with greater functional success. These parameters may be helpful in determining bleb functionality.
Scleral Compromise in Hereditary Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Authors: Paez Soria Eugenia Andrea , Cremona Federico Andres , Lucero Saá Francisco , Chiaradía Pablo 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral scleral compromise in a male patient with hereditary porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 57-year-old male was referred to the Cornea Service at Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires for bilateral scleral thinning. He claimed ocular discomfort and photophobia. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed an oval area of deep scleral thinning without uveal prolapse, adjacent to a conjunctival hyperemic zone in the interpalpebral area, 2 mm temporal to the limbus in the right eye. The left eye presented with a conjunctivalized scleral thinning in the interpalpebral area, 2 mm temporal to the limbus. Physical examination revealed facial hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis and multiple hypopigmented scars in hands and nails. His family history was positive for PCT. The diagnosis was made by urine porphyrin test and genetic molecular testing. In an attempt to reduce ocular and systemic levels of porphyrins, the patient was treated with oral hydroxychloroquine and repeated phlebotomies, altogether with specially designed glasses to avoid local exposure to sunlight.

Conclusions:
Scleral involvement is a rare manifestation of PCT. An adequate treatment, including interdisciplinary management may ameliorate ocular signs and symptoms.
Results of Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Zina Sourour , Khochtali Sana , Invernizzi Alessandro , Ksiaa Imen , Hager Ben Amor , Viola Francesco , Abroug Nesrine , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To report the visual outcomes of intravitreal (IVT) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (iCNV).

Methods:
A retrospective study of 43 eyes of 38 patients with active choroidal neovascularization (CNV) related to ocular inflammatory disease, treated with IVT injections of anti-VEGF (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept), with or without associated systemic anti-inflammatory therapy, at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia (24 eyes of 23 patients) and at Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (19 eyes of 15 patients) from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018.

Results:
The mean age was 35.5 ± 16.4 years. The sex ratio male:female was 0.27. Seventeen eyes (39.5%) of 17 patients (44.7%) had only anti-VEGF injections, and 26 eyes (60.5%) of 21 patients (45.3%) had anti-VEGF injections and associated systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. Bevacizumab was injected in 36 eyes (83.7%), ranibizumab in six eyes (14%), and aflibercept in one eye (2.3%). Mean follow-up was 20.3 ± 19.2 months (range, 6–106 months). Mean visual acuity improved from 0.8 ± 0.37 logMAR (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/125) to 0.51 ± 0.42 logMAR (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/63) (P < 0.001). Mean central macular thickness on optical coherence tomography decreased from 403.7 ± 121.9 to 293.7 ± 82.8 μm (P < 0.001). Mean gain of vision was 2.9 ± 3.1 lines. The mean number of injections was 2.5. Twenty eyes (46.5%) received a single injection. There were no side effects related to the IVT injections of anti-VEGF.

Conclusions:
CNV is a sight-threatening complication of uveitis. IVT anti-VEGF seems to be an effective and safe treatment for iCNV when inflammation is controlled.
Adverse Events of Femtosecond-Assisted Laser-Assisted In situ Keratomileusis: A Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database Study
Authors: Hong Sungmin , Yu Austin , Wong Amanda , Adamovich-Zeitlin Richard , Shah Paras , Minaya Josue , Wang Carol , Peng Travis , Saleem Matthew , Lau Nathan , Gupta Rohun , Gorski Matthew , Winokur Jules , Zhu Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To analyze the United States Food and Drug Administration’s Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database, which contains reports of adverse events involving medical devices, and characterize the most common adverse events of femtosecond (FS) laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods:
The MAUDE database was queried on May 19, 2022, for adverse events involving the ophthalmic FS laser reported from January 2012 to April 2022. Reports unrelated to LASIK procedures were excluded. Data extraction was performed on these reports, including the type of adverse event and whether surgery was successfully completed. Frequency analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:
From the 3491 reported adverse events involving the FS laser system, 1136 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 672 cases where outcomes were reported, 476 were successfully completed and 196 were aborted. The most common intraoperative complications were incomplete cut (42.8%), thinner than intended flap (17.6%), and difficulty lifting the flap (12.0%). FS-related complications included opaque bubble layer (2.3%), air bubbles in the anterior chamber (2.4%), and vertical gas breakthrough (4.1%). Other device-related intraoperative complications included suction loss (10.2%), difficulty docking (2.4%), and laser malfunction (2.0%). The most common postoperative complications were diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) (7.8%) and rainbow glare (4.6%).

Conclusion:
The most common intraoperative FS-assisted LASIK complication in the MAUDE database was an incomplete flap. The most common postoperative complication was DLK. This study is the first to investigate FS-assisted LASIK adverse events in the MAUDE database. It can raise awareness of real-world surgical complications and help ophthalmologists better counsel and treat patients.
Development of Progressive Chiari I Malformation in a Child with Unilateral Sporadic Retinoblastoma
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Arabi Amir , Shahraki Toktam , Ansari Iman , Safi Sare 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of progressive Chiari malformation type I (CIM) in a patient with unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma (RB) treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) and enucleation.

Methods:
A 5-year-old male patient with a history of RB in his left eye treated with IAC and enucleation presented to our clinic for routine RB surveillance. Radiotherapy had not been used for the treatment of his RB.

Results:
A progressive herniation of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum was detected on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain and cervical MRI revealed no central nervous system mass, hydrocephalus, or syringomyelia. There was no history of head trauma.

Conclusion:
Progressive CIM may occur in unilateral sporadic RB.
Clinicopathological Features and Management of Orbital Cholesterol Granuloma
Authors: Zhao Yun , Li Jiagen , Ji Zhongkun , Yu Shasha , Lin Jinyong , Zhao Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical features, radiographic features, treatment strategies, pathological features, and prognosis of orbital cholesterol granuloma (CG).

Methods:
Twelve patients with orbital CG who were referred to Tianjin Eye Hospital between January 2002 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective case series study. Data collected including patient ophthalmic manifestations, imaging findings, treatment strategies, pathological features, and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:
The patients comprised 10 males and 2 females. The mean age was 34.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 8.9, median: 36 and range: 16–45 years). Four patients had a history of orbital trauma. The clinical manifestations at the first visit were proptosis (7/12, 58.3%), periorbital or eyelid swelling (6/12, 50%), limitation of eye movement (4/12, 33.3%), ptosis (2/12, 16.7%), and decreased visual acuity (1/12, 8.3%). Computed tomography (CT) showed a nonenhancing, well-circumscribed lesion in the orbit with extensive erosion of the adjacent frontal bone and temporal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a nonenhancing mass with intermediate-to-high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. Ten patients underwent lateral orbitotomy, and two patients underwent supraorbital orbitotomy. All patients had aggressive bone erosion. Histopathologic evaluation of the cyst contents and wall revealed cholesterol clefts, multinucleated giant cells, histiocytes, foamy macrophages, and altered blood pigments. The mean follow-up time of 79.6 months (SD = 49.8, range: 19–193 months). Three patients were lost to follow-up. No postoperative diminution of vision was noted, and no recurrence was observed.

Conclusions:
CGs can present as superotemporal or temporal orbital lesions. The diagnosis can be established based on CT and MRI. Most of the patients can have no history of orbital trauma.
The Effect of Acute Rises in Intraocular Pressure after Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection on the Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and the Role of Anterior Chamber Paracentesis
Authors: Khodabande Alireza , Zarei Mohammad , Khojasteh Hasan , Mohammadi Massood , Asadi Khameneh Esmaeil , Torkashvand Ali , Davoodabadi Mahmood 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate acute changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and their short-term effects on the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection.

Methods:
Fifty-eight eyes of 37 patients with treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema or exudative age-related macular degeneration were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups, and the participants of each group received 3 monthly injections of IVB. IOP was measured right before the injection, immediately after the injection, and 5 min and 20 min after each injection. Peripapillary, RNFL thickness was measured before the injection and 1 month after the third injection. In the second group, anterior chamber (AC) paracentesis was performed before IVB injection.

Results:
IOP values after injection in all sessions were significantly higher in the first group (P < 0.001). The peripapillary RNFL thickness changes 1 month after the third injection was not statistically significantly different in each group (P = 0.816 and 0.773 for the first and second groups, respectively).

Conclusion:
AC paracentesis is an effective modality to reduce the acute rise in IOP. The effect of acute IOP elevation on the peripapillary RNFL thickness was not statistically significant.
Spontaneous Resolution of Posttraumatic Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tear and Associated Exudative Retinal Detachment
Authors: Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar , Minj Anita , Thareja Japesh , Navyasree Chinthala , Veerla Laukya Jyothsna Devi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To report a case of posttraumatic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear complicated with exudative retinal detachment that underwent spontaneous resolution.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 61-year-old healthy female presented with sudden-onset loss of vision in the left eye for 5 days following blunt trauma. She had undergone left upper eyelid and eyebrow laceration repair elsewhere. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination revealed a subfoveal RPE tear with exudative retinal detachment in the left eye. There was spontaneous healing of RPE tear and complete resolution of exudative retinal detachment 2 weeks following the initial presentation.

Conclusions:
RPE tear is an extremely rare complication following blunt trauma. The size of the RPE tear can play an important role in determining the final visual prognosis in such cases.
Q Fever Endocarditis with Bilateral Multifocal Retinitis: A Case Report
Authors: Maamouri Rym , Beizig Olfa , Mzoughi Khadija , Cheour Monia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To describe a case of bilateral retinitis in a patient with endocarditis and a serologically confirmed Q fever.

Methods:
A single case report documented with multimodal imaging.

Results:
A 55-year-old patient with culture-negative endocarditis was referred to our department for an ocular examination. His visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination showed white retinal infiltrates with few superficial retinal hemorrhages scattered in the posterior pole. There was no staining on fluorescein angiography. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) revealed increased inner retinal reflectivity with a focal area of retinal thickening. Laboratory tests showed a high titer of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. The patient was treated with doxycycline. Two weeks later, fundus examination showed partial resolution of retinitis with inner retinal thinning in SS-OCT.

Conclusions:
Multifocal retinitis is an uncommon presentation of Q fever. The diagnosis should be considered, especially when associated with culture-negative infective endocarditis, highlighting the importance of routine ocular examination.
Pseudohyperkalemia Revisited: An Updated Review of a Foremost Preanalytical Error of Serum or Plasma Potassium Measurement in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Okpara Henry Chima , Izuchukwu Emeka Callistus Onyeka , Ilechukwu E. C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Potassium is one of the most abundant cations in the human body. Increased plasma potassium concentration (hyperkalemia) is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities in contemporary clinical practice. Moderate and severe hyperkalemia are potentially life-threatening conditions and constitute medical emergencies. Measured hyperkalemia may be true hyperkalemia or false hyperkalemia (pseudohyperkalemia). Pseudohyperkalemia is due to false elevation of measured potassium concentration in vitro and it is a fairly common source of preanalytical error of potassium determination in the clinical laboratory.

Objective:
To review the general and recent concepts/mechanisms that underlie the phenomenon of pseudohyperkalemia in contemporary clinical practice.

Methods:
An up-to-date review of available literature and selected references on the phenomenon of pseudohyperkalemia, its causes, variants, mechanisms, clinical implications, identification, management, and prevention.

Conclusion:
Pseudohyperkalemia is a fairly common preanalytical error of potassium measurement in the clinical laboratory and a potential cause of misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment of hyperkalemia. Exclusion of pseudohyperkalemia before the diagnosis of hyperkalemia (true hyperkalemia) is highly recommended.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Post-Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Urethral Strictures in a Black African Population
Authors: Calistus Amu Okwudili , Azubuike Affusim Emmanuel , Solomon Anyimba Kenchukwu , Chukwunonso Iwenofu Anthony , Chinonso Odo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
One of the late complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is urethral stricture. This is a disturbing problem more so in a resource-poor Black African community. We sought to prospectively study some of the implicated risk factors in literature.

Patients and Methods:
This was a prospective, observational study carried out at 82 Division Military Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria from 2015 to 2022.

Results:
One hundred and ninety-four patients that had TURP for BPH were studied. The mean age of the participants was 66.28 years (standard deviation = 8.19). Ten patients (5.15%) had urethral stricture after the surgery. None of the factors studied which include age, previous prostate surgery, preoperative urethral catheter duration, resection time, resected prostate size, the presence of diabetes mellitus, and postoperative urinary tract infection was found to have a significant risk for the development of urethral stricture post-TURP.

Conclusion:
More studies are required to unravel significant risk factors for urethral stricture following a TURP. It is probably due to the interplay of many factors.