bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐ and proxy‐rated needs in adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities: Perspective matters
Authors: Schützwohl Matthias , Voß Elke , Salize Hans Joachim , Stiawa Maja , Puschner Bernd , Koch Andrea 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAdults with an intellectual disability should be supported according to their individual needs. The perception of need, however, is influenced by the values and expectations of the judging person.MethodUsing the Camberwell Assessment of Need for Adults with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities, self‐ and proxy‐rated needs of n = 193 adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability were compared.ResultsMean total needs and met needs, but not unmet needs, differed significantly between perspectives. As concerns the assessment of specific areas of need, indices revealed a complex and multifaceted pattern of agreement and disagreement.ConclusionDifferent viewpoints should be considered when assessing needs among adults with intellectual disability. With respect to areas other than basic, everyday areas of need, involvement of the adult with intellectual disability is strongly recommended. The assessment of mental health problems requires the involvement of clinical professionals, assessing problem behavior broad diagnostic measures beyond a standardized instrument.
Implications of SNP weighting on single‐step genomic predictions for different reference population sizes
Authors: Lourenco D. A. L. , Fragomeni B. O. , Bradford H. L. , Menezes I. R. , Ferraz J. B. S. , Aguilar I. , Tsuruta S. , Misztal I. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe investigated the importance of SNP weighting in populations with 2,000 to 25,000 genotyped animals. Populations were simulated with two effective sizes (20 or 100) and three numbers of QTL (10, 50 or 500). Pedigree information was available for six generations; phenotypes were recorded for the four middle generations. Animals from the last three generations were genotyped for 45,000 SNP. Single‐step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) and weighted ssGBLUP (WssGBLUP) were used to estimate genomic EBV using a genomic relationship matrix (G). The WssGBLUP performed better in small genotyped populations; however, any advantage for WssGBLUP was reduced or eliminated when more animals were genotyped. WssGBLUP had greater resolution for genome‐wide association (GWA) as did increasing the number of genotyped animals. For few QTL, accuracy was greater for WssGBLUP than ssGBLUP; however, for many QTL, accuracy was the same for both methods. The largest genotyped set was used to assess the dimensionality of genomic information (number of effective SNP). The number of effective SNP was considerably less in weighted G than in unweighted G. Once the number of independent SNP is well represented in the genotyped population, the impact of SNP weighting becomes less important.
Evaluating hypotheses of expansion from refugia through comparative phylogeography of south‐eastern Coastal Plain amphibians
Authors: Barrow Lisa N. , Soto‐Centeno J. Angel , Warwick Alexa R. , Lemmon Alan R. , Moriarty Lemmon Emily 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimEarly genetic studies in the south‐eastern United States provided the foundation for ideas in the field of comparative phylogeography, but few direct comparisons with consistent sampling across taxa exist for this region. We investigate the influence of historical processes and species‐level characteristics on phylogeographic structure within four anuran species, evaluate previously described biogeographic patterns, and test three hypotheses of expansion from putative glacial refugia.LocationSouth‐eastern United States Coastal Plain.MethodsWe sampled four anuran species from the same 36 localities, assembled mitochondrial genomes from Illumina sequence data and estimated phylogenetic relationships and divergence times within each species. We used spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses and ecological niche models (ENMs) to test predictions about expansion from putative glacial refugia and estimate species‐specific parameters including dispersal, migration direction and centre of origin. ENMs for four different time periods were compared within species to assess niche stability.ResultsSpecies differ in patterns of mitochondrial divergence, with only one species displaying a pattern consistent with the previously described Alabama suture zone. Few predictions for hypotheses of expansion from putative glacial refugia were met. ENMs suggest that species have responded differently to historical changes in climate, possibly contributing to discordant genetic patterns. Two species with deep mitochondrial divergences (>2.5 Ma) had low niche stability through time and potentially isolated regions of suitable habitat, whereas the two species with relatively stable, continuous niches exhibit less genetic structure.Main conclusionsThese Coastal Plain anurans appear to have been affected by historical climate change, but were not necessarily isolated in glacial refugia. Different natural history characteristics have likely produced discordant patterns in these species, with more generalist, ephemeral breeders exhibiting greater niche stability and lower phylogeographic structure.
The sawtooth EKG pattern of typical atrial flutter is not related to slow conduction velocity at the cavotricuspid isthmus
Authors: Sau Arunashis , Sikkel Markus B. , Luther Vishal , Wright Ian , Guerrero Fernando , Koa‐Wing Michael , Lefroy David , Linton Nicholas , Qureshi Norman , Whinnett Zachary , Lim Phang Boon , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Peters Nicholas S. , Davies D. Wyn 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe hypothesized that very high‐density mapping of typical atrial flutter (AFL) would facilitate a more complete understanding of its circuit. Such very high‐density mapping was performed with the RhythmiaTM (Boston Scientific) mapping system using its 64 electrode basket catheter.Methods and resultsData were acquired from 13 patients in AFL. Functional anatomy of the right atrium (RA) was readily identified during mapping including the Crista Terminalis and Eustachian ridge. The leading edge of the activation wavefront was identified without interruption and its conduction velocity (CV) was calculated. CV was not different at the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) compared to the remainder of the RA (1.02 vs. 1.03 m/s, P = 0.93). The sawtooth pattern of the surface electrocardiogram (EKG) flutter waves was compared to the position of the dominant wavefront. The downslope of the surface EKG flutter waves represented on average 73% ± 9% of the total flutter cycle length. During the downslope, the activation wavefront traveled significantly further than during the upslope (182 ± 21 milliseconds vs. 68 ± 29 milliseconds, P < 0.0001) with no change in CV between the two phases (0.88 vs. 0.91 m/s, P = 0.79).ConclusionCV at the CTI is not slower than other RA regions during typical AFL. The gradual downslope of the sawtooth EKG is not due to slow conduction at the CTI suggesting that success of ablation at this site relates to anatomical properties rather than the presence of a “slow isthmus.”
Loss‐of‐function mutations in filaggrin gene and malignant melanoma: a case–control study
Authors: Thyssen J.P. , Andersen Y.M.F. , Balslev E. , Szecsi P.B. , Stender S. , Kaae J. , Linneberg A. , Skov L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundLoss‐of‐function mutations in filaggrin gene (FLG) have been suggested to increase the susceptibility of skin malignancies due to reduced levels of epidermal filaggrin and its degradation products, urocanic acid, which may be protective against ultraviolet irradiation.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between FLG mutation status and the occurrence of malignant melanoma (MM) in Danish adults.MethodsThe prevalence of FLG mutations in a sample of MM biopsies was compared with a FLG‐genotyped cohort from two general population studies. Pearson's chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the two groups.ResultsA total of 867 MM biopsies and 9965 general population controls were genotyped, respectively. In the MM sample, two (0.23%) individuals were homozygous and 80 (9.4%) were heterozygous mutation carriers. In the general population controls, the prevalence of FLG mutations was 18 (0.18%) and 835 (8.4%) for homozygous and heterozygous mutations, respectively. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi‐squared test yielded non‐significant P‐values when the groups were compared.ConclusionFLG mutation was not associated with MM in the studied populations. This finding indicates that epidermal deficiency of filaggrin and its degradation products does not influence the risk of MM significantly.
Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa patients do not have an altered bacterial composition in peripheral blood compared to healthy controls
Authors: Ring H.C. , Thorsen J. , Saunte D.M. , Lilje B. , Bay L. , Theut Riis P. , Larsen N. , O'Brien Andersen L. , Vedel Nielsen H. , Miller I.M. , Bjarnsholt T. , Fuursted K. , Jemec G.B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease defined by recurrent nodules, tunnels and scarring involving the intertriginous skin. Patients with HS often report an array of systemic symptoms such as fatigue and malaise. The aetiology of these symptoms remains unclear. Previously, various bacteria have been associated with mature HS lesions, and bacteraemia has been reported in patients with HS using traditional culturing methods. Thus, we hypothesized that a low‐grade bacteraemia contributes to the symptomatology in patients with HS.ObjectiveTo explore the potential presence of bacteraemia in patients with HS and healthy controls.MethodA case–control study. Compositions of bacteria in the blood of 27 moderate to severe HS patients and 26 healthy controls were investigated using next‐generation 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (NGS) and routine anaerobic and aerobic blood culturing.None of the participants received any antibiotics (systemic or topical therapy) within 1 month prior to the study. HS patients with a recent flare were randomly selected by consecutive recruitment of eligible patients from the Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark. Healthy controls were recruited from the University of Copenhagen as well as from the healthcare staff.ResultsThe different bacterial compositions were investigated using NGS and traditional anaerobic and aerobic blood culturing. Our NGS analysis provided a previously unreported characterization of the bacterial composition in peripheral blood from patients with HS and healthy controls. Overall, our data demonstrated that patients with HS do not have a different bacterial composition in their peripheral blood than healthy controls.ConclusionThe study suggests that the self‐reported symptoms in HS such as malaise and fatigue may not be linked to bacteraemia.
Environmental Life Cycle Costing and Sustainability: Insights from Pollution Abatement and Resource Recovery in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Hall Murray R. , Priestley Anthony , Muster Tim H. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe relationship between environmental life cycle costing (ELCC) and sustainability was explored using two detailed wastewater case studies. The case studies were selected to increase the tension between existing market values and values for sustainability; the first case study considered incremental change to an existing plant and the second considered a paradigm shift in wastewater treatment. Pollution control provided the greatest cost savings for the first case study and provided a “win‐win” result—meeting existing standards and saving money. However, benefits for pollution control beyond current standards were not captured, which emphasized the role of standards to internalize as well as limit the values considered in ELCC. In the second case study, the value of water had the potential to change the focus of wastewater design from pollution abatement to resource recovery. However, social acceptance of recovered water and market access for resources created large risk for investment. The ELCC was also sensitive to the discount rate which limited longer‐term considerations. Other sustainability values such as scarcity and ecological thresholds were not captured. The ELCC code of practice suggests including such costs if likely in the foreseeable future; defining these values may also clarify the role of ELCC to evaluate sustainability over the life cycle.
The impact of ageing, fasting and high‐fat diet on central and peripheral glucose tolerance and glucose‐sensing neural networks in the arcuate nucleus
Authors: van den Top M. , Zhao F.‐Y. , Viriyapong R. , Michael N. J. , Munder A. C. , Pryor J. T. , Renaud L. P. , Spanswick D. 
Published: August 2017

Obesity and ageing are risk factors for diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ageing, obesity and fasting on central and peripheral glucose tolerance and on glucose‐sensing neuronal function in the arcuate nucleus of rats, with a view to providing insight into the central mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis and how they change or are subject to dysfunction with ageing and obesity. We show that, following a glucose load, central glucose tolerance at the level of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma is significantly reduced in rats maintained on a high‐fat diet (HFD). With ageing, up to 2 years, central glucose tolerance was impaired in an age‐dependent manner, whereas peripheral glucose tolerance remained unaffected. Ageing‐induced peripheral glucose intolerance was improved by a 24‐hour fast, whereas central glucose tolerance was not corrected. Pre‐wean, immature animals have elevated basal plasma glucose levels and a delayed increase in central glucose levels following peripheral glucose injection compared to mature animals. Electrophysiological recording techniques revealed an energy‐status‐dependent role for glucose‐excited, inhibited and adapting neurones, along with glucose‐induced changes in synaptic transmission. We conclude that ageing affects central glucose tolerance, whereas HFD profoundly affects central and peripheral glucose tolerance and, in addition, glucose‐sensing neurones adapt function in an energy‐status‐dependent manner.
Prevalence of malnutrition among older people in medical and surgical wards in hospital and quality of nutritional care: A multicenter, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bonetti Loris , Terzoni Stefano , Lusignani Maura , Negri Marina , Froldi Marco , Destrebecq Anne 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo determine and compare the prevalence of malnutrition in medical and surgical hospital units; to assess quality of nutritional care and patients’ perception about quality of food and nutritional care.BackgroundHospital malnutrition in older people leads to increased mortality, length of stay, risk of infections and pressure ulcers. Several studies show that malnutrition is often caused by hospitalisation and related to poor nutritional care. Few studies report data on surgical older patients.DesignA cross‐sectional, multicenter study was conducted in 12 hospitals in northern Italy.MethodsMalnutrition prevalence was determined according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment full‐version. Head nurses were interviewed in 80 units, through a validated questionnaire regarding quality of nutritional care. Semi‐structured interviews were administered to a sample of patients, to investigate their perception about quality of food and nutritional care.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐eight patients of 1,066 were malnourished (21.4%). Medical patients were at higher risk, so were women, patients aged 85 or more, with impaired autonomy, pressure ulcers or taking more than three drugs. The lack of personnel impacts on quality of care: in 55% of the units, no nutritional screening is performed; nutritional history is investigated in 48% only. No protocols for nutritional problems exist in 70% of the wards; hardly ever the intake is measured. Patients are mostly satisfied, even though they report that food has no taste and is not well presented. They remark the need for more personnel.ConclusionPrevalence was high, as found in other studies. Medical patients were at higher risk. Nutritional care was inadequate, and often no measures were adopted to prevent malnutrition. Staffing should be increased during meals.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings will provide indications on the strategies needed to overcome such barriers.
Application of an enhanced device to transluminal retrieval of malappositioned coronary stents: An experimental study
Authors: Mori Masayuki , Sakata Kenji , Yokawa Junichiro , Nakanishi Chiaki , Okada Hirofumi , Shimojima Masaya , Yoshida Shohei , Yoshimuta Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Kenshi , Yamagishi Masakazu , Kawashiri Masa‐aki 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThis study investigated the application of a novel enhanced device to retrieval of deployed stents in a porcine coronary model.BackgroundRecurrence of in‐stent restenosis and stent thrombosis still remains to be resolved. Under these conditions, it is sometimes necessary to retrieve malfunctional stents responsible for thrombosis. However, few data exist regarding the feasibility and safety of retrieval device use in previously deployed coronary stents.MethodsWe have developed an enhanced device consisting of an asymmetric forceps, conducting shaft (1.6 mm diameter, 150 cm length), and control handle. Bare‐metal stents (3 mm diameter) were implanted in four pigs to create a malapposition model. Coronary artery injury was evaluated by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histological imaging on the first and 14th days.ResultsThe device was delivered to the coronary artery using the existing catheter (7 Fr). After opening the forceps, the blade was forced into the space between the vessel wall and the stent, and the stent struts were then grasped with the forceps. This was then pulled back into the catheter, still grasping the stent struts with the forceps. All stents were successfully retrieved by this method (n = 4). On the first day, no apparent vessel wall injury was detectable by IVUS, although histological findings revealed damage to endothelial monolayer on retrieval of deployed stent. On the 14th day, mild intimal thickening was observed by IVUS and histology.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the present device can be applied to transluminal retrieval of acquired malappositioned coronary stents.
Coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction in the HIV population
Authors: Singh Vikas , Mendirichaga Rodrigo , Savani Ghanshyambhai T. , Rodriguez Alexis P. , Dabas Nitika , Munagala Anish , Alfonso Carlos E. , Cohen Mauricio G. , Elmariah Sammy , Palacios Igor F. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo analyze trends in management and outcomes of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the United States.BackgroundInfection with HIV is an independent risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis associated with higher rates of AMI. Current trends and outcomes of HIV‐infected individuals presenting with AMI in the United States remain unknown.MethodsUsing the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database we identified HIV‐infected individuals who underwent PCI for an AMI from 2002 to 2013. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity‐score matching were performed to analyze outcomes.ResultsWe identified a total of 59 194 patients of which 7841 underwent PCI during index hospitalization (13.3%). Most patients were men (71%), ≥50 years of age (82%), and white (74%). ST‐elevation myocardial infarction was present in 21% of cases. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 5.67 ± 0.4. Predictors of post‐procedural complications included female sex, black race, higher CCI, and placement of a bare metal stent, whereas predictors of mortality included occurrence of a complication, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, age ≥70 years, and higher CCI. Conversely, placement of a drug‐eluting stent was associated with a reduced risk of complications and mortality. After propensity‐score matching, HIV‐infected individuals were less likely to undergo PCI and receive a drug‐eluting stent, while having longer length of stay, higher hospitalization costs, and higher in‐hospital mortality when compared to non‐infected individuals.ConclusionSignificant disparities continue to affect HIV‐infected individuals undergoing PCI for AMI in the United States.
Multivariate Almost Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Tsetlin Ilia , Winkler Robert L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlmost stochastic dominance allows small violations of stochastic dominance rules to avoid situations where most decision makers prefer one alternative to another but stochastic dominance cannot rank them. We present the concepts of multivariate almost stochastic dominance and multivariate almost nth‐degree risk and their connections with a preference for combining good with bad. Then, we show how a preference for combining good with bad can be applied to obtain various comparative statics results, and we extend our approach to risk‐prone (convex) stochastic dominance, which relates to the opposite preference, for combining good with good and bad with bad.
Melatonin improves the fertilization capacity and developmental ability of bovine oocytes by regulating cytoplasmic maturation events
Authors: Zhao Xue‐Ming , Wang Na , Hao Hai‐Sheng , Li Chong‐Yang , Zhao Ya‐Han , Yan Chang‐Liang , Wang Hao‐Yu , Du Wei‐Hua , Wang Dong , Liu Yan , Pang Yun‐Wei , Zhu Hua‐Bin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMelatonin is a well‐characterized antioxidant that has been successfully used to protect oocytes from reactive oxygen species during in vitro maturation (IVM), resulting in improved fertilization capacity and development ability. However, the mechanism via which melatonin improves oocyte fertilization capacity and development ability remains to be determined. Here, we studied the effects of melatonin on cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes. In the present study, bovine oocytes were cultured in IVM medium supplemented with 0, 10–7, 10–9, and 10−11 mol/L melatonin, and the cytoplasmic maturation parameters of MII oocytes after IVM were investigated, including redistribution of organelles (mitochondria, cortical granules [CGs], and endoplasmic reticulum [ER]), intracellular glutathione (GSH) and ATP levels, expression of endogenous antioxidant genes (Cat, Sod1, and GPx), and fertilization‐related events (IP3R1 distribution and expression of CD9 and Juno). Our results showed that melatonin significantly improved the cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes by improving the normal distribution of organelles, increasing intracellular GSH and ATP levels, enhancing antioxidant gene expression levels, and modulating fertilization‐related events, all of which resulted in increased fertilization capacity and developmental ability. Meanwhile, melatonin also increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of the Tet1 gene and decreased the Dnmt1 gene mRNA and protein levels in bovine oocytes, indicating that melatonin regulates the expression of the detected genes via demethylation. These findings shed insights into the potential mechanisms by which melatonin improves oocyte quality during IVM.