bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between body angle and target strength of ribbonfish (Trichiurus japonicus) displaying a vertical swimming motion
Authors: Tomiyasu Makoto , Kao Wan-Yu , Abe Koki , Minami Kenji , Hirose Taro , Ogawa Michio , Miyashita Kazushi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuring movement, the body angles of ribbonfish change, including a unique vertical swimming motion that influences their target strength (TS). In this study, we observed body angle changes in ribbonfish using an acceleration data logger and video recordings. Based on these data, variations in echo intensity in response to body angle changes were revealed using radiograph images of the swimbladder and the respective TS values. The frequency of a body angle &gt;60° was 57.78% peak at 77°. The swimbladders were found to be slender ellipses inclined 3–4° upward from the body axis. The TS peaked (about −30 dB for the average pre-anal length of 223.9 ± 21.8 mm) when the body angle was horizontal or inclined 2–3° downward. The TS decreased substantially when the body angle was vertically inclined. From about 10° upward inclination to vertical, the TS fluctuated between −50 and −60 dB. In a comparison of the average TS values among body angle categories, the TS values for body angles grouped as ‘vertical’ (between 60° and 90°), showing static mode activity patterns in video recordings, were low (−55.7 ± 3.9 dB, Mean ± SD), whereas those for the horizontal body angle (between 0° and 30°) category, comprising the active mode, were high (−47.0 ± 8.7 dB) (P-value &lt; 0.01). In the natural habitat, ribbonfish are known to gather at the sea floor during the daytime. In contrast, at night they disperse and move actively while foraging. Consequently, their echo intensities in natural habitats change substantially in response to their diel changes in behavioural ecology. Additional measurements or theoretical models considering the influence of ribbonfish behaviour should be undertaken as a result of this study.
Environmental correlates of Antarctic krill distribution in the Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage
Authors: Silk Janet R.D. , Thorpe Sally E. , Fielding Sophie , Murphy Eugene J. , Trathan Philip N. , Watkins Jonathan L. , Hill Simeon L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Antarctic krill is a key prey species for many vertebrate and invertebrate predators in the Southern Ocean; it is also an abundant fishery resource in the Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage. Here, we identify environmental correlates of krill distribution utilizing acoustic data collected during an extensive international survey in January 2000. Separate models (at scales of 10–80 nautical miles) were derived for the full study area and for each of four subregions: northern and southern shelf waters, the seasonally ice-covered open ocean, and the generally ice-free open ocean. Krill distribution was strongly correlated with bathymetry; densities were higher over island shelves and shelf breaks and decreased with increasing distance offshore. Low krill densities occurred in areas of low chlorophyll concentration and high geostrophic velocity. Krill distribution was also related to sea level anomaly but relationships were not consistent between subregions. The models explained a maximum of 44% of the observed deviance in krill density, but did not reliably identify areas of high krill density in the open ocean, and explained a small proportion of the deviance (16%) in offshore areas covered seasonally by sea ice, probably because of the strong, residual influence of retreated ice. The commercial krill fishery is currently concentrated in shelf areas, where high densities of krill are most predictable. As krill are not predictable in the open ocean, the fishery is likely to remain principally a near-shore operation, and should be managed accordingly.
Improving the power of clinical trials of rheumatoid arthritis by using data on continuous scales when analysing response rates: an application of the augmented binary method
Authors: Wason James M. S. , Jenkins Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Objective. In clinical trials of RA, it is common to assess effectiveness using end points based upon dichotomized continuous measures of disease activity, which classify patients as responders or non-responders. Although dichotomization generally loses statistical power, there are good clinical reasons to use these end points; for example, to allow for patients receiving rescue therapy to be assigned as non-responders. We adopt a statistical technique called the augmented binary method to make better use of the information provided by these continuous measures and account for how close patients were to being responders.
Methods. We adapted the augmented binary method for use in RA clinical trials. We used a previously published randomized controlled trial (Oral SyK Inhibition in Rheumatoid Arthritis-1) to assess its performance in comparison to a standard method treating patients purely as responders or non-responders. The power and error rate were investigated by sampling from this study.
Results. The augmented binary method reached similar conclusions to standard analysis methods but was able to estimate the difference in response rates to a higher degree of precision. Results suggested that CI widths for ACR responder end points could be reduced by at least 15%, which could equate to reducing the sample size of a study by 29% to achieve the same statistical power. For other end points, the gain was even higher. Type I error rates were not inflated.
Conclusion. The augmented binary method shows considerable promise for RA trials, making more efficient use of patient data whilst still reporting outcomes in terms of recognized response end points.
The Accuracy of Web Sites and Cellular Phone Applications in Predicting the Fertile Window
Authors: Setton Robert , Tierney Christina , Tsai Tony 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the validity of fertility web sites and applications (apps) by comparing the predicted fertile window of these modalities to the actual fertile window of a standard 28-day cycle.

METHODS:
This was a descriptive study. The top resulting free web sites and electronic apps downloadable to a cellular phone that provide calendars for fertility and ovulation prediction were assessed. Cycles were standardized to 28 days in length, 4 days of menses, and the last menstrual period was set to January 1, 2015. The predicted date of ovulation and fertility window generated were compared with an actual estimated date of ovulation on cycle day 15, January 15, and a fertile window consisting of cycle day 10 to cycle day 15, the day of ovulation plus the preceding 5 cycle days, January 10–15.

RESULTS:
Data from 20 web sites and 33 apps were collected. Of all the web sites and apps used, one web site and three apps predicted the precise fertile window.

CONCLUSION:
Web sites and electronic apps used by the general public to predict fertile windows are generally inaccurate, although the clinical effect of this inaccuracy is unknown. Although they all include the most fertile cycle day, the range of the fertility window varies widely. Patients who are trying to conceive with the assistance of calendars generated from web sites and electronic apps should be counseled on the inaccuracy of these modalities.
Surgeon Experience and Complications of Transvaginal Prolapse Mesh
Authors: Kelly Erin C. , Winick-Ng Jennifer , Welk Blayne 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To measure the proportion of women with transvaginal prolapse mesh complications and their association with surgeon volume.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of all women who underwent a mesh-based prolapse procedure using administrative data (hospital procedure and physician billing records) between 2002 and 2013 in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was surgical revision of the mesh. Primary exposure was surgeon volume: high (greater than the 75th percentile, requiring a median of five [interquartile range 5–6] procedures per year) and very high (greater than the 90th percentile, requiring a median of 13 [interquartile range 11–14] procedures per year) volume mesh implanters were identified each year. Primary analysis was an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS:
A total of 5,488 women underwent mesh implantation by 1 of 368 unique surgeons. Median follow-up time was 5.4 (interquartile range 3.0–8.0) years. We found that 218 women (4.0%) underwent mesh reoperation a median of 1.17 (interquartile range 0.58–2.90) years after implantation. The hazard of reoperation for complications was only lower for patients of very high-volume surgeons (3.0% [145/3,001] compared with 4.8% [73/2,447], adjusted hazards ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.40–0.86). In multivariable modeling, younger age, concomitant hysterectomy, blood transfusion, and increased medical comorbidity were all associated with vaginal mesh reoperation.

CONCLUSION:
Approximately 5% of women who underwent mesh-based prolapse surgery required reoperation for a mesh complication within 10 years. The risk of reoperation was lowest for surgeons performing 14 or more procedures per year.
Postpartum Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Among Women Diagnosed During Pregnancy
Authors: Swain Carol-Ann , Smith Lou C. , Nash Denis , Pulver Wendy P. , Gordon Daniel , Bian Fuqin , Miranda Wilson , Anderson Bridget J. , Chicoine Joyce , Birkhead Guthrie S. , McNutt Louise-Anne 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To identify factors associated with continuity of care and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virologic suppression among postpartum women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy in New York State.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted among 228 HIV-infected women diagnosed during pregnancy between 2008 and 2010. Initial receipt of HIV-related medical care (first CD4 or viral load test after diagnosis) was evaluated at 30 days after diagnosis and before delivery. Retention in care (2 or more CD4 or viral load tests, 90 days or greater apart) and virologic suppression (viral load 200 copies/mL or less) were evaluated in the 12 months after hospital discharge.

RESULTS:
Most women had their initial HIV-related care encounter within 30 days of diagnosis (74%) and before delivery (87%). Of these women, 70% were retained in the first year postpartum. Women waiting more than 30 days for their initial HIV-related care encounter were more likely diagnosed in the first (29%) compared with the third (11%) trimester and were of younger (younger than 25 years, 32%) compared with older (35 years or older, 13%) age. Loss to follow-up within the first year was significantly greater among women diagnosed in the third compared with the first trimester (adjusted relative risk 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–3.45) and among women who had a cesarean compared with vaginal delivery (adjusted relative risk 1.76, 95% CI 1.07–2.91). Of the 178 women with one or more HIV viral load test in the first year postpartum, 58% had an unsuppressed viral load.

CONCLUSION:
Despite the high proportion retained in care, many women had poor postpartum virologic control. Robust strategies are needed to increase virologic suppression among newly diagnosed postpartum HIV-infected women.
Abnormal Vaginal Pap Test Results After Hysterectomy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Women
Authors: Smeltzer Stephanie , Yu Xiaoying , Schmeler Kathleen , Levison Judy 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal vaginal cytology and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) and vaginal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected women with no history of abnormal cytologic screening who had a hysterectomy for conditions other than cervical dysplasia and cancer and to explore the risk factors associated with VAIN and vaginal cancer.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study was performed identifying 238 women between January 2000 and January 2015 with a history of HIV, previous hysterectomy, and no previous abnormal Pap test results. Medical records from patients with both HIV and a history of hysterectomy were reviewed from Thomas Street Health Center and Northwest Community Health Center.

RESULTS:
Among 238 women, 164 (69%) had normal Pap test results, 12 (5%) had results showing atypical cells of undermined significance and human papillomavirus-positive, 55 (23.1%) had results showing low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and seven (2.9%) had results showing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. No demographic risk factor was associated with abnormal Pap test results after hysterectomy. Median follow-up time for the Pap test was 16 years. Of those who underwent vaginal biopsies for abnormal Pap test results, 15 (28%) had normal results, 23 (43%) had VAIN 1, nine (16%) had VAIN 2, and seven (13%) had VAIN 3. No patients had invasive vaginal cancer.

CONCLUSION:
More than 30% of HIV-infected women who had no prehysterectomy history of abnormal Pap test results had abnormal vaginal Pap test results. Among those who had vaginal biopsies, 29% had VAIN 2 or 3, suggesting that Pap testing posthysterectomy in the HIV population may be indicated.
Obstetric and Neonatal Risks Among Obese Women Without Chronic Disease
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Zhu Yeyi , Grantz Katherine L. , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Chen Zhen , Wallace Maeve E. , Smarr Melissa M. , Epps Nikira M. , Mendola Pauline 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether prepregnancy obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women without chronic disease.

METHODS:
Singleton deliveries (N=112,309) among mothers without chronic diseases in the Consortium on Safe Labor, a retrospective U.S. cohort, were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated perinatal risks in relation to prepregnancy obesity status adjusted for age, race–ethnicity, parity, insurance, smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, and study site.

RESULTS:
Obstetric risks were variably (and mostly marginally) increased as body mass index (BMI) category and obesity class increased. In particular, the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, and induction increased in a dose–response fashion. For example, the percentage of gestational diabetes among obese class III women was 14.6% in contrast to 2.8% among women with normal BMIs (corresponding relative risks [95% CI] 1.99 [1.86–2.13], 2.94 [2.73–3.18], 3.97 [3.61–4.36], and 5.47 [4.96–6.04] for overweight, obese class I, obese class II, and obese class III women, respectively) compared with women with normal BMIs. Similarly, neonatal risks increased in a dose–response fashion with maternal BMI status including preterm birth at less than 32 weeks of gestation, large for gestational age (LGA), transient tachypnea, sepsis, and intensive care unit admission. The percentage of LGA neonates increased from 7.9% among women with normal BMIs to 17.3% among obese class III women and relative risks increased to 1.52 (1.45–1.58), 1.74 (1.65–1.83), 1.93 (1.79–2.07), and 2.32 (2.14–2.52) as BMI category increased.

CONCLUSION:
Prepregnancy obesity is associated with increased risks of a wide range of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among women without chronic diseases.
Variation in Postpartum Glycemic Screening in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Eggleston Emma Morton , LeCates Robert Franklin , Zhang Fang , Wharam James Franklin , Ross-Degnan Dennis , Oken Emily 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:To assess patterns and predictors of postpartum diabetes screening in a commercially insured, geographically and sociodemographically diverse sample of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.METHODS:Using commercial insurance claims (2000–2012) from all 50 states, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in 447,556 women with at least one delivery and continuous enrollment 1 year before and after delivery. We identified women with a gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy and examined postpartum diabetes screening type and timing and performed logistic regression to identify screening predictors.RESULTS:Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 32,253 (7.2%) women during the study timeframe. Three fourths received no screening within 1 year postpartum. Rates of recommended 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing within 6–12 weeks were low but increased over time (27 [2%] in 2001 compared with 249 [7%] in 2011, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–47). Among women screened, those in the Northeast (19%) and South (18%) were least likely to receive a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test within 0–12 weeks (adjusted OR 0.4 for each, CI 0.4–0.5) compared with the West (36%). Asian women were most likely to receive any screening (18%; adjusted OR 1.5, CI 1.3–1.6) compared with white women (12%). Black women were most likely to receive hemoglobin A1c (21%; adjusted OR 2.0, CI 1.3–3.2) compared with white women (11%). Antepartum antiglycemic medication (21%; adjusted OR 2.1, CI 2.0–2.3) or visit to a nutritionist–diabetes educator (19%; adjusted OR 1.6, CI 1.4–1.7) or endocrinologist (23%; adjusted OR 1.7, CI 1.6–1.9) predicted screening within 12 weeks postpartum.CONCLUSION:Postpartum diabetes screening remains widely underused among commercially insured women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Differences in screening by geography, race, and antepartum care can inform health system and public health interventions to increase diabetes detection in this high-risk population.
Control of Postpartum Hemorrhage Using Vacuum-Induced Uterine Tamponade
Authors: Purwosunu Yuditiya , Sarkoen Widyastuti , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam , Segnitz Jan 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Vacuum-induced uterine tamponade is a possible alternative approach to balloon tamponade systems for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage resulting from atony.

METHOD:
In a prospective proof-of-concept investigation of 10 women with vaginal deliveries in a hospital setting who failed first-line therapies for postpartum hemorrhage, tamponade was used. Vacuum-induced uterine tamponade was created through a device inserted transvaginally into the uterine cavity. An occlusion balloon built into the device shaft was inflated at the level of the external cervical os to create a uterine seal. Negative pressure was created by attaching a self-contained, mobile, electrically powered, pressure-regulated vacuum pump with a sterile graduated canister.

EXPERIENCE:
In all 10 cases, the suction created an immediate seal at the cervical os, 50–250 mL of residual blood was evacuated from the uterine cavity, the uterus collapsed and regained tone within minutes, and hemorrhaging was controlled. The device remained in place for a minimum of 1 hour and up to 6.5 hours in one case while vaginal and perineal lacerations were easily repaired.

CONCLUSION:
This preliminary investigation suggests that a device designed to create vacuum-induced uterine tamponade may be a reasonable alternative to other devices used to treat atonic postpartum hemorrhage.
Association of Low-Dose Aspirin and Survival of Women With Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Cahoon Sigita S. , Yoshihara Kosuke , Shida Masako , Kakuda Mamoru , Adachi Sosuke , Moeini Aida , Machida Hiroko , Garcia-Sayre Jocelyn , Ueda Yutaka , Enomoto Takayuki , Mikami Mikio , Roman Lynda D. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the survival outcomes in women with endometrial cancer who were taking low-dose aspirin (81–100 mg/d).

METHODS:
A multicenter retrospective study was conducted examining patients with stage I–IV endometrial cancer who underwent hysterectomy-based surgical staging between January 2000 and December 2013 (N=1,687). Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, medication types, tumor characteristics, and treatment patterns were correlated to survival outcomes. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio for disease-free and disease-specific overall survival.

RESULTS:
One hundred fifty-eight patients (9.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.8–11.9) were taking low-dose aspirin. Median follow-up time for the study cohort was 31.5 months. One hundred twenty-seven patients (7.5%) died of endometrial cancer. Low-dose aspirin use was significantly correlated with concurrent obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia (all P<.001). Low-dose aspirin users were more likely to take other antihypertensive, antiglycemic, and anticholesterol agents (all P<.05). Low-dose aspirin use was not associated with histologic subtype, tumor grade, nodal metastasis, or cancer stage (all P>.05). On multivariable analysis, low-dose aspirin use remained an independent prognostic factor associated with an improved 5-year disease-free survival rate (90.6% compared with 80.9%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, P=.014) and disease-specific overall survival rate (96.4% compared with 87.3%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.64, P=.005). The increased survival effect noted with low-dose aspirin use was greatest in patients whose age was younger than 60 years (5-year disease-free survival rates, 93.9% compared with 84.0%, P=.013), body mass index was 30 or greater (92.2% compared with 81.4%, P=.027), who had type I cancer (96.5% compared with 88.6%, P=.029), and who received postoperative whole pelvic radiotherapy (88.2% compared with 61.5%, P=.014). These four factors remained significant for disease-specific overall survival (all P<.05).

CONCLUSION:
Our results suggest that low-dose aspirin use is associated with improved survival outcomes in women with endometrial cancer, especially in those who are young, obese, with low-grade disease, and who receive postoperative radiotherapy.
Update on the pathogenesis and treatment of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Couture Julie , Silverman Earl D. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
This article will provide an update of studies published in the last year regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, major disease manifestations and outcomes, and therapies in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).

Recent findings
Recent studies on cSLE epidemiology supported previous findings that cSLE patients have more severe disease and tend to accumulate damage rapidly. Lupus nephritis remains frequent and is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In the past year unfortunately there were no new reproducible, biomarker studies to help direct therapy of renal disease. However, some progress was made in neuropsychiatric disease assessment, with a new and promising automated test to screen for cognitive dysfunction reported. There were no prospective interventional treatment trials designed for patients with cSLE published in the last year, but some studies involving children are currently active and might improve the therapeutic options for patients with cSLE.

Summary
There is a need to get a better understanding of pathogenesis and identify new biomarkers in cSLE to more accurately predict outcomes. New insights into characterization of different clinical manifestations may enable to optimize individual interventions and influence the prognosis.