bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Families living with parental mental illness and their experiences of family interventions
Authors: Afzelius M. , Plantin L. , Östman M. 
Published: September 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Coping with parental mental illness in families can be challenging for both children and parents.

Providing evidence‐based family interventions to families where a parent has a mental illness can enhance the relationships in the family.

Although psychiatric research has shown that evidence‐based family interventions may improve the communication and understanding of parental mental illness, there is a lack in this area of research from an everyday clinical context.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

Our study reinforces the fact that parents with mental illnesses are searching for support from psychiatric services in order to talk to their children about their illness.

The finding that under‐age children comply when they are told by their parents to join an intervention in psychiatric services supporting the family is something not observed earlier in research.

This study once more illuminates the fact that partners of a person with parental mental illness are seldom, in an obvious way, included in family support interventions.

What are the implications for practice?

Psychiatric services, and especially mental health nurses, have an important task in providing families with parental mental illness with support concerning communication with their children and in including the “healthy” partner in family support interventions.

AbstractIntroductionAlthough research has shown that evidence‐based family interventions in research settings improve the communication and understanding of parental mental illness, there is a lack of knowledge about interventions in an everyday clinical context.AimThis study explores how families with parental mental illness experience family interventions in a natural clinical context in psychiatric services.MethodFive families with children aged 10–12 were recruited from psychiatric services in southern Sweden and interviewed in a manner inspired by naturalistic inquiry and content analysis. Both family and individual interviews were performed.ResultsIn striving to lead an ordinary life while coping with the parental mental illness, these families sought the support of the psychiatric services, especially in order to inform their children about the mental illness. Despite different family interventions, the family members felt supported and reported that the number of conflicts in the family had decreased. The parents were appreciative of help with child‐rearing questions, and the children experienced a calmer family atmosphere. However, the partner of the person with mental illness experienced being left without support.Implications for practiceOur study shows that psychiatric services, and especially mental health nurses, are in a position to more regularly offer family interventions in supporting the children and the healthy partners.
The Role of Primary Care for the Oral Health of Rural and Urban Older Adults
Authors: Caldwell Julia T. , Lee Haena , Cagney Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractContextRural populations often have restricted access to dental care and poor oral health. These problems may disproportionately affect older blacks in rural areas. Little is known about how access to primary health care may improve the oral health of rural seniors.PurposeThis study examines whether the relationship between having a usual source of health care and oral health varies for white and black older adults in rural and urban areas in the United States.MethodsWe draw on cross‐sectional data of adults (50 years+) from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (n = 15,473). Multivariate logistic regression examined the role of a usual source of health care in conditioning racial differences in complete tooth loss and a dental visit in the past 2 years. A usual source of health care is a place, not including an emergency room, where a person goes when he or she is sick or needs health advice.FindingsIn rural areas, blacks had high rates of tooth loss (28%) and low rates of dental visits (34%). Having a usual source of health care was associated with higher odds of a dental visit for all adults. In rural areas, the association between a usual source of health care and tooth loss varied by race (P < .001); blacks had more tooth loss than whites even with a usual source of health care.ConclusionsAccess to primary health care was associated with improved oral health outcomes, but it did not close the gap between whites and blacks in rural areas.
From Middle Powers to Entrepreneurial Powers in World Politics: Brazil’s Successes and Failures in International Crises
Authors: de Sá Guimarães Feliciano , de Almeida Maria Hermínia Tavares 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article uses the concept of entrepreneurial powers to discuss how and under what circumstances Brazil successfully accomplishes its goals in international crises. The concept of entrepreneurial power focuses on systematic evidence of middle-power behavior and its relation to foreign policy tools. Brazil resorts to three agency-based foreign policy tools that are the substance of its entrepreneurial power. These instruments are always mediated by a structural condition, the dominant power pivotal position in the crisis. This study applies qualitative comparative analysis methodology to 32 international crises since the early 1990s in which Brazil played a role. It finds that for regional crises, the use of only one agency-based tool is sufficient for success, regardless of the dominant power position; and for global crises, the use of only one agency-based tool is a necessary and sufficient condition for Brazil to accomplish its goals, despite the dominant power position on the issue.
Some aspects of the biology of Nile perch, Lates niloticus, in the open waters of Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Yongo Edwine , Outa Nicholas , Kito Keiko , Matsushita Yoshiki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSamples (6404) of Nile perch were collected monthly from commercial catches between June 2014 and June 2015. The total length (cm), weight (g) and sex of fish were all determined in the field, with 3771 (59%) being male and 2059 (32%) being female fish, for an overall sex ratio of 1.83:1.00 (male: female). The average length and weight for all fish were 55.38 ± 0.14 cm TL and 2355.10 ± 22.30 g, respectively. The size of male fish ranged from 15.5 to 128.5 cm TL and weighed between 190 and 25 000 g, whereas that of female ranged from 21.0 to 130.0 cm TL and weighed between 124 and 25 800 g. The value of the regression slope b of the length–weight relationship was equal to 3.04. The mean (±SD) condition factor for all fish was 1.23 ± 0.13. The condition factor was different in the length groups, with the highest (1.32 ± 0.13) and lowest (1.12 ± 0.20) values recorded in length groups 100–110 and <30 cm TL, respectively. The highest and lowest condition factors were recorded between January and March, respectively. The length–weight relationship and condition of Nile perch in Lake Victoria have deteriorated greatly, this finding being linked to the reduction of its prey species in the lake.
Novel coordination of lipopolysaccharide modifications in Vibrio cholerae promotes CAMP resistance
Authors: Herrera Carmen M. , Henderson Jeremy C. , Crofts Alexander A. , Trent M. Stephen 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn the environment and during infection, the human intestinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae must overcome noxious compounds that damage the bacterial outer membrane. The El Tor and classical biotypes of O1 V. cholerae show striking differences in their resistance to membrane disrupting cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), such as polymyxins. The classical biotype is susceptible to CAMPs, but current pandemic El Tor biotype isolates gain CAMP resistance by altering the net charge of their cell surface through glycine modification of lipid A. Here we report a second lipid A modification mechanism that only functions in the V. cholerae El Tor biotype. We identify a functional EptA ortholog responsible for the transfer of the amino‐residue phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to the lipid A of V. cholerae El Tor that is not functional in the classical biotype. We previously reported that mildly acidic growth conditions (pH 5.8) downregulate expression of genes encoding the glycine modification machinery. In this report, growth at pH 5.8 increases expression of eptA with concomitant pEtN modification suggesting coordinated regulation of these LPS modification systems. Similarly, efficient pEtN lipid A substitution is seen in the absence of lipid A glycinylation. We further demonstrate EptA orthologs from non‐cholerae Vibrio species are functional.
Testing the performance of a prototype lateral flow device using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in high‐risk patients
Authors: Castillo Caroline G. , Kauffman Carol A. , Zhai Jingyi , Jiang Hui , Agozino Stephanie M. , Miceli Marisa H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) increasingly relies on non‐culture‐based biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The Aspergillus lateral flow device (LFD) is a rapid immunoassay that uses a novel Aspergillus monoclonal antibody to gain specificity. The objective of the study is to compare specificity and sensitivity of the prototype LFD and the galactomannan (GM) enzyme immunoassay in BAL fluid in high‐risk patients. A total of 114 BAL samples from 106 patients at high risk for IPA were studied: 8 patients had proven/probable IPA, 16 had possible IPA and 82 did not have IPA. In patients with proven/probable IPA, specificity of LFD was 94% and GM was 89%; sensitivity of LFD was 38% and GM was 75%. Negative predictive value (NPV) for LFD was 94% and for GM was 98%; positive predictive value (PPV) was 38% for both tests. The use of anti‐mould prophylaxis did not affect specificity but resulted in decreased NPV of both LFD and GM. Union and intersection analysis showed no improvement in the performance by using both tests. Among patients at risk for IPA, the diagnostic performance of LFD and GM in BAL fluid appears comparable; specificity is high, but sensitivity of both LFD and GM is poor.
Management of atrophic mandible fractures: an updated comprehensive review
Authors: Emam H.A. , Ferguson H.W. , Jatana C.A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesWith advances in healthcare leading to longer life expectancy, the edentulous geriatric population is increasing. Expectantly, head and neck trauma surgeons will encounter atrophic (edentulous) mandible fractures in their practice. The objectives of this paper are to review the prevalence, etiology, and diagnosis of atrophic mandible fractures with a descriptive discussion on the different methods of treatment.Materials and MethodsThe review included a search using PubMed (National Library of Medicine, NCBI) and Medline from 1950–2016 with keywords such as “atrophic mandible” with the addition of the words fracture and computerised guided technology and Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP).ResultsThis search produced 499 articles. Of those 499 articles, 18 were included in this critical review. Management discussion identified papers to provide the most powerful evidence in the decreasing order of strength by cohort studies, case‐control studies, surveys, and case‐series. The update provides new information on virtual surgical planning that will assist in time under general anaesthesia for complex case management.ConclusionsA comprehensive update reviewed all forms of treatment from soft diet to open reduction with computerised technology to provide head and neck trauma surgeons a better basis for clinical management of these fractures.
A HD‐ZIP III gene, PtrHB4, is required for interfascicular cambium development in Populus
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Song Dongliang , Xu Peng , Sun Jiayan , Li Laigeng 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWood production is dependent on the activity of the vascular cambium, which develops from the fascicular and interfascicular cambia. However, little is known about the mechanisms controlling how the vascular cambium is developed in woody species. Here, we show that PtrHB4, belonging to the Populus HD‐ZIP III family, plays a critical role in the process of vascular cambium development. PtrHB4 was specifically expressed in shoot tip and stem vascular tissue at an early developmental stage. Repression of PtrHB4 caused defects in the development of the secondary vascular system due to failures in interfascicular cambium formation. By contrast, overexpression of PtrHB4 induced cambium activity and xylem differentiation during secondary vascular development. Transcriptional analysis of PtrHB4 repressed plants indicated that auxin response and cell proliferation were affected in the formation of the interfascicular cambium. Taken together, these results suggest that PtrHB4 is required for interfascicular cambium formation to develop the vascular cambium in woody species.
Outcomes of Berlin Heart EXCOR® pediatric ventricular assist device support in patients with restrictive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Su Jennifer A. , Menteer Jondavid 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe outcomes of pediatric ventricular assist device support in patients with diastolic heart failure have not been well described. This study reviews the North American experience with Berlin Heart EXCOR® ventricular assist device implants in children with such physiology. The Berlin Heart clinical database was reviewed. Patients with primary diastolic dysfunction are included in this study. Twenty pediatric patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (n = 13), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 3), or congenital heart disease with restrictive physiology (n = 4) who were supported with EXCOR® were identified. Of these, nine (45%) were successfully bridged to transplant, one (5%) weaned from support, and 10 (50%) died after support was withdrawn. Of patients under age 3 years (n = 13), 38.5% survived, whereas those aged 3 or older (n = 7) had 71.4% survival (P = .35). Biventricular assist device (BiVAD) patients experienced a 27.3% survival, vs 77.8% for patients with left ventricular assist device only (P = .07). Primary causes of death included stroke, infection, acidosis, multisystem organ failure, and bleeding. Pediatric patients with diastolic heart failure comprise a high‐risk population for mechanical circulatory support. However, half of patients with this physiology have been successfully supported to explant with EXCOR®. The trends toward higher mortality for younger patients and those receiving BiVAD support warrant consideration.
Small airway disease: A different phenotype of early stage COPD associated with biomass smoke exposure
Authors: Zhao Dongxing , Zhou Yumin , Jiang Changbin , Zhao Zhuxiang , He Fang , Ran Pixin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveChronic exposure to biomass smoke (BS) can significantly compromise pulmonary function and lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To determine whether BS exposure induces a unique phenotype of COPD from an early stage, with different physiopathological features compared with COPD associated with smoking (cigarette‐smoke (CS) COPD), we assessed the physiopathology of early COPD associated with BS exposure (BS COPD) by incorporating spirometry, high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging, bronchoscopy and pathological examinations.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we recruited 29 patients with BS COPD, 31 patients with CS COPD and 22 healthy controls, including 12 BS‐exposed subjects who did not smoke and 10 healthy smokers without BS exposure. Spirometry, HRCT scans, bronchoscopy and bronchial mucosa biopsies were performed to assess lung function, emphysema and air trapping, as well as the pathological characteristics and levels of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).ResultsAmong COPD patients with mild‐to‐moderate airflow limitation, BS exposure caused greater small airway dysfunction in BS COPD patients, although these patients had less emphysema and air trapping, as detected by HRCT (P < 0.05). We also observed significantly thicker basement membranes and greater endobronchial pigmentation in BS COPD than in CS COPD (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients with BS COPD exhibited greater macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration but reduced neutrophil infiltration in their BALF (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe used both radiology and pathology to document a distinct COPD phenotype associated with BS exposure. This is characterized by small airway disease.
The Diary of the Swiss Leonhard Thurneysser and Black Africans in Renaissance Lisbon
Authors: Jerosch Herold Bernardo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn excerpt of a German 16th Century manuscript is presented together with it's translation. The author is presumed to be Leonhard Thurneysser zum Thurn (Basel 1531–Cologne 1596), who claims to have started writing it in Lisbon as a guest of the Portuguese humanist Damião de Góis about 1555/56. The excerpt deals with black Africans as observed by the author in Lisbon. It contains detailed descriptions of their bodies and their habits. Furthermore it describes how they were sold as slaves on the streets of Lisbon. He also speculates about the reasons for their blackness, resorting to alchemy and astrology. Based on a letter from the emperor of Ethiopia he mentions the ties between Ethiopia and Portugal as well as with the Roman Church.
Dynamic prediction of mortality among patients in intensive care using the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score: a joint competing risk survival and longitudinal modeling approach
Authors: Musoro Jammbe Z , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Bosman Rob , Geskus Ronald B 
Published: September 2017

In intensive care units (ICUs), besides routinely collected admission data, a daily monitoring of organ dysfunction using scoring systems such as the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score has become practice. Such updated information is valuable in making accurate predictions of patients' survival. Few prediction models that incorporate this updated information have been reported. We used follow‐up data of ICU patients who either died or were discharged at the end of hospital stay, without censored cases. We propose a joint model comprising a linear mixed effects submodel for the development of longitudinal SOFA scores and a proportional subdistribution hazards submodel for death as end point with discharge as competing risk. The two parts are linked by shared latent terms. Because there was no censoring, it was straightforward to fit our joint model using available software. We compared predictive values, based on the Brier score and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, from our model with those obtained from an earlier modeling approach by Toma et al. [Journal of Biomedical Informatics 40, 649, (2007)] that relied on patterns discovered in the SOFA scores over a given period of time.
St. Louis encephalitis virus possibly transmitted through blood transfusion—Arizona, 2015
Authors: Venkat Heather , Adams Laura , Sunenshine Rebecca , Krow‐Lucal Elisabeth , Levy Craig , Kafenbaum Tammy , Sylvester Tammy , Smith Kirk , Townsend John , Dosmann Melissa , Kamel Hany , Patron Roberto , Kuehnert Matthew , Annambhotla Pallavi , Basavaraju Sridhar V. , Rabe Ingrid B. ,   SLEV Transmission Investigation Team
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDSt. Louis encephalitis virus is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus that infrequently causes epidemic central nervous system infections. In the United States, blood donors are not screened for St. Louis encephalitis virus infection, and transmission through blood transfusion has not been reported. During September 2015, St. Louis encephalitis virus infection was confirmed in an Arizona kidney transplant recipient. An investigation was initiated to determine the infection source.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe patient was interviewed, and medical records were reviewed. To determine the likelihood of mosquito‐borne infection, mosquito surveillance data collected at patient and blood donor residences in timeframes consistent with their possible exposure periods were reviewed. To investigate other routes of exposure, organ and blood donor and recipient specimens were obtained and tested for evidence of St. Louis encephalitis virus infection.RESULTSThe patient presented with symptoms of central nervous system infection. Recent St. Louis encephalitis virus infection was serologically confirmed. The organ donor and three other organ recipients showed no laboratory or clinical evidence of St. Louis encephalitis virus infection. Among four donors of blood products received by the patient via transfusion, one donor had a serologically confirmed, recent St. Louis encephalitis virus infection. Exposure to an infected mosquito was unlikely based on the patient's minimal outdoor exposure. In addition, no St. Louis encephalitis virus‐infected mosquito pools were identified around the patient's residence.CONCLUSIONThis investigation provides evidence of the first reported possible case of St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission through blood product transfusion. Health care providers and public health professionals should maintain heightened awareness for St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission through blood transfusion in settings where outbreaks are identified.
The first reported case of concurrent trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole–induced immune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Linnik Yevgeniy A. , Tsui Edison W. , Martin Isabella W. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Denomme Gregory A. , Gottschall Jerome L. , Hill John M. , Dunbar Nancy M. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDDrug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) and drug‐induced immune thrombocytopenia (DIIT) are rare but dangerous complications of pharmacotherapy that may be underrecognized in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients due to overlap of signs and symptoms with those of more common disease processes.CASE REPORTA 61‐year‐old woman with NK‐cell deficiency and GATA‐2–associated myelodysplastic syndrome, status post–recent allogeneic HSCT (Day +58), presented with 3 days of acute‐onset severe back pain, muscle cramps, and increasingly dark urine. She was found to be anemic, thrombocytopenic, and in acute renal failure. On admission, the direct antiglobulin test was positive for complement (C3) only. After careful review of her medication list, the possibility of DIIHA was raised. She had started taking trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis 24 days prior on a weekend dose schedule. Serologic tests on peripheral blood samples were performed using standard methods. Drug studies were performed at an immunohematology reference laboratory.RESULTSThe patient's serum showed hemolysis of donor red blood cells in the presence of TMP‐SMX and also TMP‐SMX–induced platelet antibodies. The patient was treated with transfusions, hemodialysis, and immunosuppressive agents. Her clinical condition improved and she was discharged after 8 days in stable condition.CONCLUSIONThis case describes the first reported concurrent DIIHA and DIIT due to TMP‐SMX–induced antibodies in an HSCT patient. DIIHA and DIIT can present a diagnostic challenge in the setting of intermittent medication dosing.