bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcome Measures for Lateropulsion Poststroke: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Koter Ryan , Regan Sara , Clark Caitlin , Huang Vicki , Mosley Melissa , Wyant Erin , Cook Chad , Hoder Jeffrey 
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose:
Contraversive Lateropulsion, also referred to as contraversive pushing, pusher behavior, and pusher syndrome, can be associated with increased hospital length of stay, increased health care costs, and delayed outcomes in persons with stroke. The purpose of this updated systematic review was to identify scales used to classify contraversive lateropulsion, investigate literature that addresses their clinimetric properties, and create a resource for clinicians recommending use in clinical practice.

Methods:
Three databases were searched for articles from inception to March 2017. The search strategy followed Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. The Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist was applied to evaluate methodological quality.

Results:
Four hundred three records were screened. Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Four scales were identified: the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP), the Modified Scale for Contraversive Pushing (M-SCP), the Burke Lateropulsion Scale (BLS), and the Swedish Scale for Contraversive Pushing (S-SCP). Psychometric property investigation was most robust for the SCP and the BLS. Cross-cultural validity has not been fully investigated in scales used outside of their country of origin.

Discussion and Conclusions:
The BLS is recommended for identifying contraversive lateropulsion. The scale assesses the presence of contraversive lateropulsion across several functional tasks, from rolling to walking, and is the only scale originally written in English. The BLS is the only tool to receive ratings greater than poor for reliability and responsiveness. The BLS should be implemented as soon as contraversive lateropulsion is suspected to guide frontline clinicians' initial plan of care, allow objective identification of change over time, and facilitate easier investigation of interventional efficacy.

Video Abstract available for additional insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A177).
Effectiveness of Prenatal Screening and Treatment to Prevent Congenital Syphilis, Louisiana and Florida, 2013–2014
Authors: Matthias James M. , Rahman Mohammad M. , Newman Daniel R. , Peterman Thomas A. 
Published: June 2017

Background
From 2012 to 2014, rates of congenital syphilis increased in Louisiana and Florida. We evaluated the effectiveness of early (first or second) and third trimester syphilis screening for the prevention of congenital syphilis in these high-morbidity states.

Methods
Reported syphilis cases among pregnant women in Louisiana and Florida during January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2014, were reviewed for documented screening for syphilis in the first 2 trimesters and third trimester. Pregnant women with syphilis were linked to congenital syphilis records and stratified by whether the pregnancy led to a reported congenital syphilis case.

Results
Seven hundred ten pregnant women with syphilis in Louisiana and Florida were linked to 155 congenital syphilis cases. Three hundred seventy (52%) pregnant women with syphilis were staged as early syphilis (n = 270) or high-titer late or unknown duration-latent syphilis (n = 100), and 109 (70% of the total) were linked to congenital syphilis cases. Screening in the first 2 trimesters identified 513 pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis, and 470 (92%) potential congenital syphilis were averted. One hundred nine pregnant women tested positive for syphilis in the third trimester, and 85 (78%) had babies without congenital syphilis. During their pregnancy, 85 (12%) women tested negative at least once, and 55 (65%) had babies with congenital syphilis. Thirty-nine women had no reported syphilis screening 30 days or longer before delivery.

Conclusions
Screening for syphilis both early and in the third trimester prevented many pregnant women with syphilis from having a baby with congenital syphilis. Preventing all congenital syphilis would likely require preventing all syphilis among women.
Missed Opportunities for Chlamydia Screening in Title X Family Planning Clinics
Authors: Salomon Sarah Goldenkranz , Torrone Elizabeth , Nakatsukasa-Ono Wendy , Fine David N. 
Published: June 2017

Background
Annual chlamydia (CT) screening is recommended for women younger than 25 years, yet less than half of young women seeking health care are screened annually. We analyzed Title X family planning service data from the Northwest United States to assess factors associated with missed opportunities for CT screening. Our primary hypothesis was screening coverage is higher during annual preventive health visits compared to other visit types. Study objectives were: (1) identify gaps in screening coverage by patient demographics, visit characteristics, and clinic measures; and (2) examine the association between visit type and CT screening by controlling for other covariates and stratifying by state.

Methods
Calendar year 2011 Title X visit records (n = 180,856) were aggregated to the patient level (n = 112,926) to assess CT screening coverage by all characteristics. Screening variation was explored by bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression. Adjusted models for each state estimated association between comprehensive examination and screening controlling for confounders.

Results
Clinic and visit characteristics were associated with CT screening. Coverage ranged from 45% in Washington to 80% in Alaska. Only 34% of patients visited for a routine comprehensive examination. Visit type was associated with screening; 75% of patients who had a comprehensive examination were screened versus 34% of those without a comprehensive examination (unadjusted PR, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 2.16–2.21). The association between comprehensive examination and CT screening varied significantly by state (interaction term, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Missed screening opportunities are common among women who access brief appointments for specific needs but do not seek routine preventive care, particularly in some states. Structural interventions may help address these systematically missed opportunities.
Trichomonas vaginalis Prevalence and Correlates in Women and Men Attending STI Clinics in Western Canada
Authors: Gratrix Jennifer , Plitt Sabrina , Turnbull LeeAnn , Smyczek Petra , Brandley Judith , Scarrott Ron , Naidu Prenilla , Bertholet Lindsay , Chernesky Max , Read Ron , Singh Ameeta E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence (2.8%) in female sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees was within the prevalence of chlamydia (5.8%) and gonorrhea (1.8%), while being very low for male attendees (0.2%). Correlates among women were indigenous ethnicity, other ethnicity, and being symptomatic.
Hydrogen Sulfide in Exhaled Gases From Ventilated Septic Neonates and Children: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Bee Natalie , White Ruth , Petros Andy J. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:There is increasing interest in hydrogen sulfide as a marker of pathologic conditions or predictors of outcome. We speculate that as hydrogen sulfide is a diffusible molecule, if there is an increase in plasma hydrogen sulfide in sepsis, it may accumulate in the alveolar space and be detected in exhaled gas. We wished to determine whether we could detect hydrogen sulfide in exhaled gases of ventilated children and neonates and if the levels changed in sepsis.Design:Prospective, observational study.Setting:The study was conducted across three intensive care units, pediatric, neonatal and cardiac in a large tertiary children’s hospital.Patients:We studied ventilated children and neonates with sepsis, defined by having two or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and one organ failure or suspected infection. A control group of ventilated non-septic patients was also included.Intervention:A portable gas chromatograph (OralChroma; Envin Scientific, Chester, United Kingdom) was used to measure H2S in parts per billion.Measurements and Main Results:A 1-2 mL sample of expired gas was taken from the endotracheal tube and analyzed. A repeat sample was taken after 30 minutes and a further single daily sample up to a maximum of 5 days or until the patient was extubated. WBC and C-reactive protein were measured around the time of gas sampling. Each group contained 20 subjects. Levels of H2S were significantly higher in septic patients (Mann Whitney U-test;p< 0.0001) and trended to control levels over five days. C- reactive protein levels were also significantly raised (p< 0.001) and mirrored the decrease in H2S levels.Conclusion:Hydrogen sulfide can be detected in expired pulmonary gases in very low concentrations of parts per billion. Significantly higher levels are seen in septic patients compared with controls. The pattern of response was similar to that ofC-reactive protein.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Induced Hyponatremia: Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Alternatives
Authors: Varela Piñón María , Adán-Manes Jaime 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed among the general population. Despite their benign side effect profile, these drugs can cause significant adverse effects in elderly patients, including severe hyponatremia. We report 1 case of SSRI-induced hyponatremia and review therapeutic alternatives.CaseWe present an 81-year-old male patient treated with sertraline and furosemide who presented with a recent-onset symptomatic hyponatremia. Low sodium levels persisted for more than 1 week after furosemide had been discontinued. Sertraline was then replaced with a nonserotonergic antidepressant (bupropion), leading to a full recovery.ConclusionsAlthough SSRIs are the first treatment option for elderly depressed patients, they should be prescribed cautiously in this population because of the risk of potentially severe adverse effects such as hyponatremia. Particularly vulnerable patients could benefit from being prescribed nonserotonergic antidepressants from the start.
Aripiprazole-Related Diurnal Enuresis in Children: 2 Cases (Aripiprazole-Related Enuresis)
Authors: Gunes Serkan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic with dopaminergic and serotonergic effects. Enuresis as an adverse effect has been reported with aripiprazole use in children with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we report 2 cases without autism spectrum disorders who developed diurnal enuresis after starting aripiprazole and ceased after discontinuation of the medication.
The “Forgotten” Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium With Electroconvulsive Therapy: Successful Use in a Very Prolonged and Severe Case
Authors: Kranaster Laura , Aksay Suna Su , Bumb Jan Malte , Janke Christoph , Sartorius Alexander 
Published: June 2017

Objective
Alcohol withdrawal delirium (AWD) is a notorious complication in alcohol withdrawal. Usually, the symptomatic treatment is efficacious; however, some patients show treatment resistance or a prolonged course of AWD.

Method
We report the case of a patient with a prolonged and severest form of AWD. Even 11 weeks after admission, he received approximately 100 mg diazepam per week to manage the symptoms of withdrawal delirium.

Results
A treatment course of electroconvulsive therapy was initiated, which allowed a complete tapering off of benzodiazepines during electroconvulsive therapy without adverse effects.

Conclusions
The reported case might contribute to alternative approaches reserved for severest forms of prolonged AWD.
Sleep Disturbance as a Precursor of Severe Regression in Kleefstra Syndrome Suggests a Need for Firm and Rapid Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Vermeulen Karlijn , Staal Wouter G. , Janzing Joost G. , van Bokhoven Hans , Egger Jos I.M. , Kleefstra Tjitske 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Intellectual disability is frequently accompanied by psychiatric symptoms that require pharmacological interventions. Treatment guidelines often provide a general treatment approach for these symptoms in intellectual disability. However, this may not always be the best strategy, as illustrated here in Kleefstra syndrome. We present 3 patients showing severe regression after sleep disturbances. If these are treated with care as usual (eg, behavioral programs and sleep medication) deterioration is likely to follow. It is observed that rapid treatment with relatively high dosages of antipsychotics contributes to restore sleep, halt further regression, and improve daily life functioning.
Unexpected Early Proteomic Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice Synaptosomes
Authors: Ball Kerri , Pisconti Addolorata , Grounds Kelly , Old William M. , Stowell Michael H. B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe have employed label-free quantitative proteomics of wild-type and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice synaptosomes to investigate proteomic changes occurring during AD progression as a prelude to analysis in humans. More than 4000 proteins were analyzed using multiple analysis tools and statistical criteria. Pathway enrichment identified numerous pathways consistent with the current AD knowledge base, including dysregulation of Glutamate Receptor Signaling, Synaptic Long Term Potentiation and Depression, Rho and Rac Signaling, Calcium Signaling, and Oxidative Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Additionally, the data demonstrate that a large number of changes occur in the proteome very early relative to the onset of both traditional disease markers such as amyloid accumulation, tau phosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction. These early changes include a number of dysregulated proteins that have novel associations with AD progression. These results reinforce the importance of mechanistic investigations in early disease progression long before the classical markers of Alzheimer’s disease are observed.
Genome-wide association study of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores in 20,328 research participants of European ancestry
Authors: Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Fontanillas Pierre , Elson Sarah L. ,   the 23 and Me Research Team, Gray Joshua C. , Wit Harriet de , Davis Lea K. , MacKillop James , Palmer Abraham A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTGenetic factors contribute to the risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). In collaboration with the genetics company 23andMe, Inc., we performed a genome-wide association (GWAS) study of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), an instrument designed to screen for alcohol misuse over the past year. Our final sample consisted of 20,328 research participants of European ancestry (55.3% females; mean age = 53.8, SD = 16.1) who reported ever using alcohol. Our results showed that the ‘chip-heritability’ of AUDIT score, when treated as a continuous phenotype, was 12%. No loci reached genome-wide significance. The geneADH1C, which has been previously implicated in AUD, was among our most significant associations (4.4 × 10−7; rs141973904). We also detected a suggestive association on chromosome 1 (2.1 × 10−7; rs182344113) near the geneKCNJ9, which has been implicated in mouse models of high ethanol drinking. Using LD score regression, we identified positive genetic correlations between AUDIT score and AUD, high alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. We also observed an unexpected positive genetic correlation between AUDIT and educational attainment, and additional unexpected negative correlations with BMI/obesity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conclude that conducting a genetic study using data from a population unselected for AUD and responding to an online questionnaire may represent a cost-effective strategy for elucidating the etiology of AUD.
Real-time detection of condensin-driven DNA compaction reveals a multistep binding mechanism
Authors: Eeftens Jorine M. , Bisht Shveta , Kerssemakers Jacob , Haering Christian H. , Dekker Cees 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTCondensin, a conserved member of the SMC protein family of ring-shaped multi-subunit protein complexes, is essential for structuring and compacting chromosomes. Despite its key role, its molecular mechanism has remained largely unknown. Here, we employ single-molecule magnetic tweezers to measure, in real-time, the compaction of individual DNA molecules by the budding yeast condensin complex. We show that compaction proceeds in large (~200nm) steps, driving DNA molecules into a fully condensed state against forces of up to 2pN. Compaction can be reversed by applying high forces or adding buffer of high ionic strength. While condensin can stably bind DNA in the absence of ATP, ATP hydrolysis by the SMC subunits is required for rendering the association salt-insensitive and for subsequent compaction. Our results indicate that the condensin reaction cycle involves two distinct steps, where condensin first binds DNA through electrostatic interactions before using ATP hydrolysis to encircle the DNA topologically within its ring structure, which initiates DNA compaction. The finding that both binding modes are essential for its DNA compaction activity has important implications for understanding the mechanism of chromosome compaction.
Bacteria defend against phages through type IV pilus glycosylation
Authors: Harvey Hanjeong , Bondy-Denomy Joseph , Marquis Hélène , Sztanko Kristina M. , Davidson Alan R. , Burrows Lori L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBacterial surface structures such as type IV pili are common receptors for phage. Strains of the opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosaexpress one of five different major type IV pilin alleles, two of which are glycosylated with either lipopolysaccharide O-antigen units or polymers of D-arabinofuranose. Here we show that both these post-translational modifications protectP. aeruginosafrom a variety of pilus-specific phages. We identified a phage capable of infecting strains expressing both non-glycosylated and glycosylated pilins, and through construction of a chimeric phage, traced this ability to its unique tail proteins. Alteration of pilin sequence, or masking of binding sites by glycosylation, both block phage infection. The energy invested by prokaryotes in glycosylating thousands of pilin subunits is thus explained by the protection against phage predation provided by these common decorations.SIGNIFICANCEPost-translational modification of bacterial and archaeal surface structures such as pili and flagella is widespread, but the function of these decorations is not clear. We propose that predation by bacteriophages that use these structures as receptors selects for strains that mask potential phage binding sites using glycosylation. Phages are of significant interest as alternative treatments for antibiotic-resistant pathogens, but the ways in which phage interact with host receptors are not well understood. We show that specific phage tail proteins allow for infection of strains with glycosylated pili, providing a foundation for the creation of designer phages that can circumvent first-line bacterial defenses.
A single cell transcriptional roadmap for cardiopharyngeal fate diversification
Authors: Wang Wei , Niu Xiang , Stuart Tim , Jullian Estelle , Mauck William , Kelly Robert G. , Satija Rahul , Christiaen Lionel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn vertebrates, multipotent progenitors located in the pharyngeal mesoderm form cardiomyocytes and branchiomeric head muscles, but the dynamic gene expression programs and mechanisms underlying cardiopharyngeal multipotency and heart vs. head muscle fate choices remain elusive. Here, we used single cell genomics in the simple chordate model Ciona, to reconstruct developmental trajectories forming first and second heart lineages, and pharyngeal muscle precursors, and characterize the molecular underpinnings of cardiopharyngeal fate choices. We show that FGF-MAPK signaling maintains multipotency and promotes the pharyngeal muscle fate, whereas signal termination permits the deployment of a pan-cardiac program, shared by the first and second lineages, to define heart identity. In the second heart lineage, a Tbx1/10-Dach pathway actively suppresses the first heart lineage program, conditioning later cell diversity in the beating heart. Finally, cross-species comparisons between Ciona and the mouse evoke the deep evolutionary origins of cardiopharyngeal networks in chordates.
Campylobacter jejunitranscriptome changes during loss of culturability in water
Authors: Bronowski Christina , Mustafa Kasem , Goodhead Ian B. , James Chloe E. , Nelson Charlotte , Lucaci Anita , Wigley Paul , Humphrey Tom J. , Williams Nicola J. , Winstanley Craig 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe natural environment serves as a potential reservoir forCampylobacter,the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying variations in survival characteristics between different strains ofC. jejuniin natural environments, including water.ResultsWe identified threeCampylobacter jejunistrains that exhibited variability in their ability to retain culturability after suspension in water at two different temperatures (4°C and 25°C). Of the three, strainsC. jejuniM1 exhibited the most rapid loss of culturability whilst retaining viability. Using RNAseq transcriptomics, we characterised C.jejuniM1 gene expression in response to suspension in water by analyzing bacterial suspensions recovered immediately after introduction into water (Time 0), and from two sampling time/temperature combinations where considerable loss of culturability was evident, namely (i) after 24 h at 25°C, and (ii) after 72 h at 4°C. Transcript data were compared with a culture-grown control. Some gene expression characteristics were shared amongst the three populations recovered from water, with more genes being up-regulated than down. Many of the up-regulated genes were identified in the Time 0 sample, whereas the majority of down-regulated genes occurred in the 25°C (24 h) sample.ConclusionsVariations in expression were found amongst genes associated with oxygen tolerance, starvation and osmotic stress. However, we also found upregulation of flagellar assembly genes, accompanied by down-regulation of genes involved in chemotaxis. Our data also suggested a switch from secretion via thesecsystem to via thetatsystem, and that the quorum sensing geneluxSmay be implicated in the survival of strain M1 in water. Variations in gene expression also occurred in accessory genome regions. Our data suggest that despite the loss of culturability,C. jejuniM1 remains viable and adapts via specific changes in gene expression.
Association study of schizophrenia with variants in miR-137 binding sites
Authors: Curtis David , Emmett Warren 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere is strong cumulative evidence for the involvement of miR-137 and its targets in the aetiology of schizophrenia. Here we test whether variants, especially rare variants, in miR137 binding sites are associated with schizophrenia in an exome-sequenced sample of 4225 cases and 5834 controls. A weighted burden test using 372 variants was significant at p=0.024. The sample size is too small to implicate individual variants or genes but overall this finding provides further support for the hypothesis that disruption of miR-137 binding sites can increase the risk of schizophrenia, perhaps by leading to over-expression of the target gene. These findings could be followed up by genotyping these variants in larger samples and by experimentally testing whether they do indeed effect expression. When carrying out exome sequencing it is important to include UTRs so that disruption of microRNA bindings sites can be detected.