bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental and genetic factors support the dissociation between α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Villar-Piqué Anna , Lopes da Fonseca Tomás , Sant’Anna Ricardo , Szegö Éva Mónika , Fonseca-Ornelas Luis , Pinho Raquel , Carija Anita , Gerhardt Ellen , Masaracchia Caterina , Abad Gonzalez Enrique , Rossetti Giulia , Carloni Paolo , Fernández Claudio O. , Foguel Debora , Milosevic Ira , Zweckstetter Markus , Ventura Salvador , Outeiro Tiago Fleming 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of aggregated proteins in the brain. In Parkinson’s disease and related disorders, this process involves the accumulation of α-synuclein (aSyn). Thus, understanding the relationship between aSyn aggregation and pathological conditions is essential for the development of novel and efficient therapies against these disorders. Here, we studied the effects that different aSyn species have on neurons using a combination of neurodegeneration-associated factors: the H50Q aSyn mutant and the presence of copper. Importantly, we demonstrate that exogenous aSyn promotes toxicity and inclusion formation, and that these effects are inversely correlated. Our data shed light onto the pathological mechanisms associated with aSyn aggregation, forming the foundation for future therapeutic strategies.
Scale-free channeling patterns near the onset of erosion of sheared granular beds
Authors: Aussillous Pascale , Zou Zhenhai , Guazzelli Élisabeth , Yan Le , Wyart Matthieu 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The response of erodible granular beds to shearing flows controls numerous natural phenomena. A central aspect is the existence of a threshold stress below which erosion stops, and whose microscopic underpinning is debated. We use an experiment where this threshold is spontaneously reached to study the spatial organization of the erosion flux. We find that erosion is heterogeneous in space and occurs along favored channels whose distribution is extremely broad, with strongly anisotropic spatial correlations. These findings can be quantitatively explained by a model incorporating both the disorder of the static bed and the interactions between mobile particles, establishing a link between erosion and dynamical phase transitions known to occur in disordered environments.
Accumulation of specific sterol precursors targets a MAP kinase cascade mediating cell–cell recognition and fusion
Authors: Weichert Martin , Lichius Alexander , Priegnitz Bert-Ewald , Brandt Ulrike , Gottschalk Johannes , Nawrath Thorben , Groenhagen Ulrike , Read Nick D. , Schulz Stefan , Fleißner André 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Deficiencies in sterol biosynthesis resulting in the accumulation of precursor sterol molecules are commonly associated with cellular malfunctioning and disease, including neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. However, the molecular and cellular consequences of the aberrant accumulation of sterol precursors are not understood. In particular, it is unclear whether specific biochemical or signaling pathways are targeted by the precursors and to what extent their specific structures contribute to their disruptive effects. Here we show that the accumulation of ergosterol precursors specifically targets a conserved ERK MAP kinase pathway that mediates fungal cell–cell communication and fusion. This effect is only caused by precursors with a conjugated double bond in their aliphatic side chain, indicating specific structure–function relationships in the mechanism of action.
Amyloid-β effects on synapses and memory require AMPA receptor subunit GluA3
Authors: Reinders Niels R. , Pao Yvonne , Renner Maria C. , da Silva-Matos Carla M. , Lodder Tessa R. , Malinow Roberto , Kessels Helmut W. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
In Alzheimer’s disease, soluble clusters of amyloid-β (Aβ) are believed to degrade synapses and impair memory formation. The removal of AMPA receptors from synapses was previously shown to be a critical step in Aβ-driven synapse loss. In this report, we establish that AMPA receptors that contain subunit GluA3 play a central role in Aβ-driven synaptic and memory deficits. Neurons that lack GluA3 are resistant to synaptic weakening and inhibition of synaptic plasticity, and mice that lack GluA3 were resistant to memory impairment and premature mortality. Our experiments suggest that Aβ initiates synaptic and memory deficits by removing GluA3-containing AMPA receptors from synapses.
Cognitive, Linguistic, and Motor Abilities in a Multigenerational Family with Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Carrigg Bronwyn , Parry Louise , Baker Elise , Shriberg Lawrence D. , Ballard Kirrie J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective
This study describes the phenotype in a large family with a strong, multigenerational history of severe speech sound disorder (SSD) persisting into adolescence and adulthood in approximately half the cases. Aims were to determine whether a core phenotype, broader than speech, separated persistent from resolved SSD cases; and to ascertain the uniqueness of the phenotype relative to published cases.

Method
Eleven members of the PM family (9–55 years) were assessed across cognitive, language, literacy, speech, phonological processing, numeracy, and motor domains. Between group comparisons were made using the Mann–WhitneyU-test (p &lt; 0.01). Participant performances were compared to normative data using standardized tests and to the limited published data on persistent SSD phenotypes.

Results
Significant group differences were evident on multiple speech, language, literacy, phonological processing, and verbal intellect measures without any overlapping scores. Persistent cases performed within the impaired range on multiple measures. Phonological memory impairment and subtle literacy weakness were present in resolved SSD cases.

Conclusion
A core phenotype distinguished persistent from resolved SSD cases that was characterized by a multiple verbal trait disorder, including Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Several phenotypic differences differentiated the persistent SSD phenotype in the PM family from the few previously reported studies of large families with SSD, including the absence of comorbid dysarthria and marked orofacial apraxia. This study highlights how comprehensive phenotyping can advance the behavioral study of disorders, in addition to forming a solid basis for future genetic and neural studies.
Using social media to monitor mental health discussions − evidence from Twitter
Authors: McClellan Chandler , Ali Mir M , Mutter Ryan , Kroutil Larry , Landwehr Justin 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Given the public health importance of communicating about mental illness and the growing use of social media to convey information, our goal was to develop an empirical model to identify periods of heightened interest in mental health topics on Twitter.
Materials and Methods: We collected data on 176 million tweets from 2011 to 2014 with content related to depression or suicide. Using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) data analysis, we identified deviations from predicted trends in communication about depression and suicide.
Results: Two types of heightened Twitter activity regarding depression or suicide were identified in 2014: expected increases in response to planned behavioral health events, and unexpected increases in response to unanticipated events. Tweet volume following expected increases went back to the predicted level more rapidly than the volume following unexpected events.
Discussion: Although ARIMA models have been used extensively in other fields, they have not been used widely in public health. Our findings indicate that our ARIMA model is valid for identifying periods of heightened activity on Twitter related to behavioral health. The model offers an objective and empirically based measure to identify periods of greater interest for timing the dissemination of credible information related to mental health.
Conclusion: Spikes in tweet volume following a behavioral health event often last for less than 2 days. Individuals and organizations that want to disseminate behavioral health messages on Twitter in response to heightened periods of interest need to take this limited time frame into account.
Brain metastasis reirradiation in patients with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Huang Zhou , Sun Bing , Shen Ge , Cha Lei , Meng Xiangying , Wang Junliang , Zhou Zhenshan , Wu Shikai 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The outcome of recurrent brain metastasis is dismal. This study aims to assess the clinical outcomes and toxicity of reirradiation as a salvage treatment for progressive brain metastasis in patients with advanced breast cancer. Between July 2005 and September 2014, the medical records of 56 patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Of these patients, 39 received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) reirradiation (Group 1), and 17 received SRS followed by WBRT reirradiation (Group 2). Overall survival (OS) and brain progression-free survival rates/times were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Change in neurologic function was also assessed. The median OS was 10.8 months (range, 1.3–56.8 months). In Group 1, the median PFS time (PFS-1) was 6.5 months and the OS time was 11.4 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that longer OS was significantly associated with a high Karnofsky performance score (KPS) (P = 0.004), controlled extracranial metastasis (P = 0.001) and a good response to reirradiation (P = 0.034). In Group 2, the median PFS time (PFS-2) after reirradiation was 8.5 months and the OS time was 10.8 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that longer OS was significantly associated with a high KPS (P = 0.018). The majority of the patients had improved or stable neurological function. Reirradiation is an effective and a safe treatment for patients with brain metastases from breast cancer. It might delay the progression of intracranial disease and improve neurological function. A suitable patient selection for reirradiation was suggested.
Sheldon Wolin,Politics and Vision
Authors: Cane Lucy 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhen Sheldon Wolin’s Politics and Vision was first published in 1960, the dominance of liberalism, democratic pluralism, and behavioralism had thrown the discipline of political theory into an existential crisis. Politics and Vision interpreted the history of political thought as a series of visions of commonality (of “the political”), ultimately arguing that modern liberalism had disavowed this dimension of experience in dangerous ways. In urging readers to offer new political visions, and particularly to re-imagine equality through the concept of citizenship, it galvanized theorists of the Left at a crucial moment. Indeed, the text continues to inspire newcomers to the field, exemplifying the power of historically engaged political thought to expose contemporary dilemmas. When the book was reissued with new chapters in 2004, however, Wolin had moved beyond his early appeal to citizenship to envision a theory of radical democracy at odds with corporate capitalism and the modern state.
The Kin Selection of Religion
Authors: Crespi Bernard 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes an integrative hypothesis for the origin and evolution of human religious cognition and behavior. The hypothesis is based on kin selection, which leads to reduced competition and increased cooperation within family and small-scale groups and generates novel forms of psychological kinship that foster cooperation in larger scale groups. The “concept of God” is represented by one’s circle of kin and one’s ancestors, such that serving God and serving these individuals become synonymous. Kinship pervades, motivates and supports all of the major manifestations of religiosity. The primary selective pressures favoring religious phenotypes are social and ecological selective pressures within and between groups. Religiosity represents group-specific adaptations that mediate cultural-group survival and reproduction. The kinship theory of religion is consistent with diverse data from anthropology, evolutionary biology, psychology, psychiatry, endocrinology, and genetics.
‘Extraordinarie & Rare’
Authors: Ioppolo Grace 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Scholars have established Jonson’s art, reputation, and character almost entirely through study of his works in print in early quartos and the 1616 and 1640 Folios and thus have largely failed to investigate how Jonson composed his works in manuscript and how these manuscripts were copied, circulated, and used in the transmission of his texts, including into print. Thus Jonson’s careful, and often painstaking, construction of himself in manuscript form in his own time, which was widely imitated in manuscript form by his later readers, remains marginalized in the modern age, which continues to privilege print. This study of his many extant autograph and scribal manuscripts suggests that rather than being uniquely fastidious and flawless in composing his texts, Jonson considered writing to be a fluid, incomplete, and unstructured process that never seemed to end, and thus he composed and transmitted his texts to the playhouse and to printers in the same way as his contemporaries and colleagues.
The “Liberal Tradition” and American Racism
Authors: Smith Rogers M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In 1955, Louis Hartz argued that the United States had been founded as a “liberal society” which unconsciously embraced the precepts of John Locke, in ways that dominated all other political perspectives throughout American history. Recent analysts of that thesis have focused on the relationship of this “liberal tradition” to American racial inequalities. How and why have both liberalism and racism grown so abundantly in the American political garden? This chapter reviews five types of responses: racism as an anomaly in American liberal society; the unity of American racism and liberalism; the existence of multiple liberalisms, some racist, some not; views seeing liberalism and racism as strongly symbiotic; and more contingent symbiotic accounts. None of these positions dominates modern scholarship. Together they define a vital research agenda.
The Phonetics and Phonology of Bilingualism
Authors: Simonet Miguel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter provides a selective overview of recent research on the phonetics and phonology of bilingualism. The central idea put forth in the chapter is that, in bilingualism and second-language learning, cross-language categories are involved in complex interactions that can take many forms, including assimilations and dissimilations. The sound categories of the two languages of a bilingual seem to coexist in a common representational network and appear to be activated simultaneously in the processing of speech in real time, but some degree of specificity is attested. The chapter then goes on to explore some of the characteristics of cross-language sound interactions, including the fact that these interactions are pliable and appear to be mediated by the structure of the lexicon.
Innovation and Society in the Roman World
Authors: Flohr Miko 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article assesses the impact of innovation on Roman society. It starts from a critical engagement with past debate about technological progress, which over the past decades has been too strongly focused on economic growth, and a re-appreciation of the literary evidence for innovation, which points to a culture in which technological knowledge and invention were thought to matter. Then, it highlights two areas where the uptake of technology had a direct impact on everyday life: material culture, where the emergence of glass-blowing, a proliferation of metal-working, and innovation in pottery-production changed the nature and amount of artefacts by which people surrounded themselves, and construction, where building techniques using opus caementicium, arches and standardized building materials revolutionized urban and rural landscapes. A concluding discussion highlights the role of integration of the Mediterranean under Roman rule in making innovation possible, and the role of consumer demand in bringing it about.
The Early Bronze Age of the Southern Caucasus
Authors: Palumbi Giulio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this article is to highlight the social and cultural developments that took place in the Southern Caucasus during the Early Bronze Age. Between 3500 and 2500 BC ca., new pottery, architectural and metallurgical traditions, known collectively as Kura-Araxes, new settlement forms in the mountain regions and new funerary customs emerged. Examining these changes, the article draws a picture of the organization of the Early Bronze Age communities in the Southern Caucasus societies centering primarily on the household and horizontal kinship relationships. We argue that this model was radically different from those of the vertically organized societies of Southern Mesopotamia and Northern Caucasus. Finally, the paper focuses on the changing role of metals towards the mid-third millennium BC and that, by causing radical social transformations, also brought to an end the Kura-Araxes traditions.
Under-reporting of Risky Drug Use Among Primary Care Patients in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Bone Curtis , Gelberg Lilian , Vahidi Mani , Leake Barbara , Yacenda-Murphy Julia , Andersen Ronald M. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
The Affordable Care Act encourages integration of behavioral health into primary care. We aim to estimate the level of under-reporting of drug use in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) among self-reported risky drug users.

Methods:
Adult patients in the waiting rooms of 4 FQHCs who self-reported risky drug use on the screening instrument World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (score 4–26), who participated in the “Quit Using Drugs Intervention Trial,” submitted urine samples for drug testing. Under-reporters were defined as patients who denied use of a specific drug via questionnaire, but whose urine drug test was positive for that drug. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for analysis.

Results:
Of the 192 eligible participants, 189 (96%) provided urine samples. Fifty-four samples were negative or indeterminate, yielding 135 participants with positive urine drug tests for this analysis: 6 tested positive for amphetamines, 18 opiates, 21 cocaine, 97 marijuana. Thirty patients (22%) under-reported drug use and 105 (78%) reported drug use accurately. Under-reporting by specific substances was: amphetamines 66%, opiates 45%, cocaine 14%, and marijuana 7%. Logistic regression revealed that under-reporting of any drug was associated with history of incarceration and older age (odds ratios 2.6 and 3.3, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Under-reporting of drug use is prevalent even among self-reported drug users in primary care patients of FQHCs (22%), but varied considerably based on the substance used. Further research is indicated to assess the extent of under-reporting among all primary care patients, regardless of their self-reported drug use status.
Cannabis as Secondary Drug Is Not Associated With a Greater Risk of Death in Patients With Opiate, Cocaine, or Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Fuster Daniel , Sanvisens Arantza , Bolao Ferran , Zuluaga Paola , Rivas Inmaculada , Farré Magi , Tor Jordi , Muga Robert 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The health burden of cannabis use in patients with other substance dependencies is not fully understood.

Objective:
To assess the impact of cannabis use as secondary drug on mortality of patients with other major substance use disorders.

Participants:
Patients with opiate, cocaine, or alcohol dependence admitted to detoxification from 2001 to 2010 at a teaching hospital in Badalona, Spain.

Main Measurements:
Sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, medical comorbidities, and urine drug screens were obtained at admission. Deaths were ascertained through clinical records and a death registry. Mortality rates and Cox regression models were used to analyze the association between urinary cannabis and mortality.

Results:
A total of 474 patients (20% women) were admitted with a median age of 38 years (interquartile range: 32–44 years). The main substances that motivated admissions were opiates (27%), cocaine (24%), and alcohol (49%). Positive urinary cannabis was detected in 168 patients (35%). Prevalence of cannabis use among patients with opiate, cocaine, or alcohol dependence was 46.5%, 42.9%, and 25.5%, respectively. At admission, 110 (23.7%) patients had human immunodeficiency virus infection and 217 (46.5%) had hepatitis C virus infection. Patients were studied for a median of 5.6 years (interquartile range: 2.6–7.7 years) (2454.7 person-years), and at the end of the study, 50 patients (10.5%) had died, yielding a mortality rate of 2.04 × 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval: 1.53–2.66). There was no association between cannabis detection and overall mortality in the adjusted regression models [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.12 (0.60–2.00), P = 0.73], but acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related deaths were more frequent in those positive for cannabis (26% vs 2%, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Positive urinary cannabis did not confer an increased risk of death in patients with severe opiate, cocaine or alcohol dependence.
Erectile Dysfunction Among Patients on Methadone Maintenance Therapy and Its Association With Quality of Life
Authors: Teoh Joni Bing Fei , Yee Anne , Danaee Mahmoud , Ng Chong Guan , Sulaiman Ahmad Hatim Bin 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a problem commonly encountered by patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ED among this group of patients along with its risk factors and association with quality of life (QOL).

Methods:
Male patients on MMT in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia were included in the study. A total of 134 patients with sexual partners were assessed for ED using the International Index of Erectile Function. Patients were assessed for substance use using Opiate Treatment Index (OTI) and depression using the Malay version of the self-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-BM). QOL was evaluated using World Health Organisation Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF.

Results:
The prevalence of ED among patients on MMT was 67%, with 26.1% having mild ED, 30.4% having mild-to-moderate ED, 7.0% having moderate ED, and 17.2% having severe ED. Patients with depression were 4 times more likely to have ED compared with patients without depression, whereas increasing age significantly correlated with the severity of ED. Having ED predicted a poorer QOL in the social relationships domain.

Conclusion:
Depression is highly associated with ED, which negatively influences the social aspect of QOL among patients on methadone maintenance therapy.