bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All bonds are not alike: A psychoendocrine evaluation of infant attachment
Authors: Gaudin Sabrina , Chaillou Elodie , Wycke Marie‐Anne , Cornilleau Fabien , Moussu Chantal , Calandreau Ludovic , Lainé Anne‐Lyse , Nowak Raymond 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCharacteristics of attachment were assessed in peer‐ and object‐reared lambs, and compared to mothered subjects by taking into consideration distress, proximity seeking, and exploration during two separation‐reunion tests in both the familiar and a novel environment. Plasma cortisol and oxytocin were assayed as physiological indicators of stress and being comforted during the separation‐reunion test. Rewarding properties of the familiar figures were also determined in a conditioned place preference‐like paradigm. Between‐group analysis revealed the existence of secure attachment with the mother, alteration of secure attachment with the peer and weaker attachment with the object. Weaker attachment was expressed by a lack of distress during separation in the home pen and no preference for the place conditioned with the familiar object. Elevated basal plasma oxytocin levels, but not cortisol, observed in maternally deprived lambs were more likely linked to the absence of a maternal figure rather than social comfort during reunion.
Development of a bicistronic expression system in the branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna
Authors: Kumagai Hitoshi , Matsuura Tomoaki , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe viral 2A peptides have recently been used for bicistronic expression in various organisms. In this system, a single mRNA that codes for two proteins flanking the 2A peptide can be translated simultaneously into each protein by ribosomal skipping at this peptide sequence. Here, we tested the function of the Thosea asigna insect virus 2A (T2A) peptide in the branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna—an emerging model of evolutionary developmental biology. First, we used transgenic Daphnia that expresses a potential bicistronic RNA containing mCherry and histone H2B‐ green fluorescent protein (GFP) open reading frames upstream and downstream of the T2A sequence, respectively. Microscopic observation revealed difference of localization of the two proteins in the cell, homogenous distribution of mCherry and nuclear localization of H2B‐GFP. Second, we changed localization of mCherry from cytoplasm to plasma membrane by attachment of a consensus myristoylation motif in the bicistronic reporter. RNA that codes for this new bicistronic reporter was injected into eggs. At gastrulation stage, we found spectrally distinct fluorescence with enough intensity and resolution to detect membrane localized mCherry and nuclear GFP. These results indicate that the T2A peptide functions in D. magna and T2A‐mediated bicistronic expression would be a promising tool for evo‐devo studies of this species.
Kallikrein 6 secreted by oligodendrocytes regulates the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Bando Yoshio , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Yoshida Kosuke , Aburakawa Yoko , Kimura Takashi , Murakami Chisato , Ono Miyuki , Tanaka Tatsuhide , Jiang Ying‐Ping , Mitrovi Branka , Bochimoto Hiroki , Yahara Osamu , Yoshida Shigetaka 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well‐established animal model of the disease. Here, we examined the pathophysiological role of Kallikrein 6 (Klk6), a serine protease produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs), in EAE using Klk6 knockout (Klk6−/−) mice. Compared with Klk6+/+ (wild‐type) mice, Klk6−/− mice showed milder EAE symptoms, including delayed onset and milder paralysis. Loss of Klk6 suppressed matrix metalloprotease‐9 expression and diminished the infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells into the CNS by decreasing blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and reducing expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed demyelination characterized by myelin detachment from the axons in the early phase of EAE progression (days 3–7) in Klk6+/+ mice but not in Klk6−/− mice. Interestingly, anti‐MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) autoantibody was also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal cord on day 3 after MOG immunization. Furthermore, treatment of primary cultured OLs with anti‐MOG autoantibody induced oligodendroglial morphological changes and increases in myelin basic protein and Klk6 expression. We also developed a novel enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay method for detecting activated KLK6 in human CSF. In human autopsy brain samples, expression of active KLK6 was detected in OLs using an antibody that specifically recognizes the protein's activated form. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Klk6 secreted by OLs plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of EAE/MS and that it might serve as a potential therapeutic target for MS.
Top–down signal transmission and global hyperconnectivity in auditory‐visual synesthesia: Evidence from a functional EEG resting‐state study
Authors: Brauchli Christian , Elmer Stefan , Rogenmoser Lars , Burkhard Anja , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAuditory‐visual (AV) synesthesia is a rare phenomenon in which an auditory stimulus induces a “concurrent” color sensation. Current neurophysiological models of synesthesia mainly hypothesize “hyperconnected” and “hyperactivated” brains, but differ in the directionality of signal transmission. The two‐stage model proposes bottom–up signal transmission from inducer‐ to concurrent‐ to higher‐order brain areas, whereas the disinhibited feedback model postulates top–down signal transmission from inducer‐ to higher‐order‐ to concurrent brain areas. To test the different models of synesthesia, we estimated local current density, directed and undirected connectivity patterns in the intracranial space during 2 min of resting‐state (RS) EEG in 11 AV synesthetes and 11 nonsynesthetes. AV synesthetes demonstrated increased parietal theta, alpha, and lower beta current density compared to nonsynesthetes. Furthermore, AV synesthetes were characterized by increased top–down signal transmission from the superior parietal lobe to the left color processing area V4 in the upper beta frequency band. Analyses of undirected connectivity revealed a global, synesthesia‐specific hyperconnectivity in the alpha frequency band. The involvement of the superior parietal lobe even during rest is a strong indicator for its key role in AV synesthesia. By demonstrating top–down signal transmission in AV synesthetes, we provide direct support for the disinhibited feedback model of synesthesia. Finally, we suggest that synesthesia is a consequence of global hyperconnectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 39:522–531, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adenovirus‐mediated human aquaporin‐1 expression in hepatocytes improves lipopolysaccharide‐induced cholestasis
Authors: Marrone Julieta , Danielli Mauro , Gaspari César I. , Marinelli Raúl A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known to cause cholestasis in sepsis. There is evidence that a defective expression of canalicular aquaporin water channels contributes to bile secretory failure in LPS‐induced cholestasis. Thus, we studied whether the hepatic adenovirus‐mediated transfer of human aquaporin‐1 gene (haqp1) can improve the cholestasis induced by LPS. Adenoviral vector encoding hAQP1 (AdhAQP1) or control vector was administered to rats by retrograde intrabiliary infusion. Hepatocyte canalicular hAQP1 expression was assessed by liver immunostaining and immunoblotting in purified plasma membranes. LPS reduced bile flow and biliary bile acid excretion by 30% and 45%, respectively. AdhAQP1‐treatment normalized both bile flow and biliary bile acid excretion in LPS‐induced cholestasis. Moreover, markedly elevated serum bile acid levels in cholestatic rats, were also normalized with the AdhAQP1 hepatic transduction. Bile flow and serum or biliary bile acids in normal rats were not significantly altered by AdhAQP1. AdhAQP1 delivery unaffected the downregulated protein expression of canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) in cholestasis, but improved its transport activity restoring reduced canalicular cholesterol content. Our data suggest that the adenovirus‐mediated hepatocyte hAQP1 expression improves LPS‐induced cholestasis in rats by stimulating the BSEP/ABCB11‐mediated biliary bile acid excretion; a finding that might contribute to the understanding and treatment of sepsis‐associated cholestatic diseases. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(12):978–984, 2017
Bone Status Among Patients With Nonsurgical Hypoparathyroidism, Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcaemia, and Pseudohypoparathyroidism: A Cohort Study
Authors: Underbjerg Line , Malmstroem Sofie , Sikjaer Tanja , Rejnmark Lars 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism (Ns-HypoPT) and pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) are both rare diseases, characterized by hypocalcemia. In Ns-HypoPT, PTH levels are low, whereas patients with PHP often have very high levels due to receptor-insensitivity to PTH (PTH-resistance). Accordingly, we hypothesized that indices of bone turnover and bone mineralization/architecture are similar in Ns-HypoPT and PHP despite marked differences in PTH levels. We studied 62 patients with Ns-HypoPT and 31 with PHP as well as a group of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We found a significantly higher areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA among patients with Ns-HypoPT, both compared with PHP and the background population. Compared with Ns-HypoPT, PHP patients had significantly lower total and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) assessed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans at the spine and hip. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) scans showed a lower trabecular area and vBMD as well as a lower trabecular number at the tibia in PHP compared to Ns-HypoPT and matched controls. In PHP, PTH levels correlated with levels of markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, P1NP), and bone resorption (CTx). In adult males, levels of bone markers were significantly higher in PHP compared with Ns-HypoPT. Levels of procalcitonin and calcitonin were significantly higher in PHP compared with Ns-HypoPT. In conclusion, indices of bone turnover, density, and microarchitecture differ between patients with Ns-HypoPT and PHP. Our data suggest that patients with PHP do not have a complete skeletal resistance to PTH and that the effects of chronically high PTH levels in PHP are mostly confined to the trabecular tissue. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Unrestricted somatic stem cells, as a novel feeder layer: Ex vivo culture of human limbal stem cells
Authors: Shirzadeh Ebrahim , Heidari Keshel Saeed , Ezzatizadeh Vahid , Jabbehdari Sayena , Baradaran‐Rafii Alireza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEx vivo culture of limbal stem cells (LSCs) is a current promising approach for reconstruction of the ocular surface. In this context, 3T3 feeder layer cells (mouse embryo fibroblast) are generally utilized to maintain and expand LSCs. The aim of this study is to develop a novel culture method (animal‐derived products free) to expand LSCs, using umbilical cord derived human unrestricted somatic stem cells (hUSSCs) instead of 3T3 cell with an emphasis on maintaining of the Stemness in LSCs. Using flow‐cytometer, isolated hUSSCs were characterized for CD105, CD90, CD166, CD34, CD45, CD31 cell surface markers and their differentiation capability into adipogenic as well as osteogenic lineages were evaluated. In addition to colony‐forming efficiency (CFE), epithelial lineage differentiation and karyotyping, LSC properties were evaluated for ABCG2, ΔNP63‐α, CK19, CK3, and CK12 mRNA and protein expressions using quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and immunocytochemistry, when these cells were co‐cultured with hUSSCs (in comparison with 3T3 feeder layer). LSCs, co‐cultured with hUSSCs, showed normal karyotype (46, XX), while they could efficiently form colony (86 ± 3) and display up‐regulation of the genes associated with stemness and down‐regulation of corneal epithelial differentiation genes. Consistent with 3T3 feeder cells, hUSSCs with spindle‐shaped morphology and quick splitting up properties had ability to preserve the stem like‐cell phenotype of LSCs. These findings were confirmed by qRT‐PCR and flow‐cytometer. Findings of present study suggest hUSSCs as a promising alternative method for 3T3 feeder layer cells, to preserve growth and stemness of LSCs ex vivo culture.
Pulmonary ventilation imaging in asthma and cystic fibrosis using oxygen‐enhanced 3D radial ultrashort echo time MRI
Authors: Zha Wei , Kruger Stanley J. , Johnson Kevin M. , Cadman Robert V. , Bell Laura C. , Liu Fang , Hahn Andrew D. , Evans Michael D. , Nagle Scott K. , Fain Sean B. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundA previous study demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D radial ultrashort echo time (UTE) oxygen‐enhanced MRI (UTE OE‐MRI) for functional imaging of healthy human lungs. The repeatability of quantitative measures from UTE OE‐MRI needs to be established prior to its application in clinical research.PurposeTo evaluate repeatability of obstructive patterns in asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) with UTE OE‐MRI with isotropic spatial resolution and full chest coverage.Study TypeVolunteer and patient repeatability.PopulationEighteen human subjects (five asthma, six CF, and seven normal subjects).Field Strength/SequenceRespiratory‐gated free‐breathing 3D radial UTE (80 μs) sequence at 1.5T.AssessmentTwo 3D radial UTE volumes were acquired sequentially under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. A subset of subjects underwent repeat acquisitions on either the same day or ≤15 days apart. Asthma and CF subjects also underwent spirometry. A workflow including deformable registration and retrospective lung density correction was used to compute 3D isotropic percent signal enhancement (PSE) maps. Median PSE (MPSE) and ventilation defect percent (VDP) of the lung were measured from the PSE map.Statistical TestsThe relations between MPSE, VDP, and spirometric measures were assessed using Spearman correlations. The test–retest repeatability was evaluated using Bland–Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsVentilation measures in normal subjects (MPSE = 8.0%, VDP = 3.3%) were significantly different from those in asthma (MPSE = 6.0%, P = 0.042; VDP = 21.7%, P = 0.018) and CF group (MPSE = 4.5%, P = 0.0006; VDP = 27.2%, P = 0.002). MPSE correlated significantly with forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second percent predicted (ρ = 0.72, P = 0.017). The ICC of the test–retest VDP and MPSE were both ≥0.90. In all subject groups, an anterior/posterior gradient was observed with higher MPSE and lower VDP in the posterior compared to anterior regions (P ≤ 0.0021 for all comparisons).Data Conclusion3D radial UTE OE‐MRI supports quantitative differentiation of diseased vs. healthy lungs using either whole lung VDP or MPSE with excellent test–retest repeatability.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1287–1297.
Correlation between glycolytic activity on [18F]‐FDG‐PET and cell density on diffusion‐weighted MRI in lymphoma at staging
Authors: Giraudo Chiara , Karanikas Georgios , Weber Michael , Raderer Markus , Jaeger Ulrich , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Mayerhoefer Marius E. 
Published: October 2017

Background[18F]‐FDG‐PET/MR carries a high diagnostic value in whole‐body oncologic imaging and allows simultaneous quantitative measurements of glucose metabolism (SUV) and cell density (ADC).PurposeTo determine the relationship between SUV and ADC values extracted from simultaneously acquired [18F]‐FDG‐PET/MR data of patients with FDG‐avid lymphomas at staging.Study TypeProspective.PopulationPatients with histologically proven lymphoma referred for staging.Field Strength/SequencesHybrid PET/MR device (3T); axial, two‐point Dixon, 3D, volume‐interpolated, T1‐weighted breath‐hold sequence; coronal T2‐weighted half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo. Single‐shot, echo‐planar imaging‐based, spectral adiabatic inversion recovery diffusion‐weighted imaging.AssessmentStaging was performed according to the modified Ann Arbor system by a board‐certified radiologist and a board‐certified nuclear medicine physician, blinded to the clinical and histological information, in consensus. SUVs and ADCs values were collected, for each positive nodal and extranodal region, from the lesion demonstrating the largest diameter.Statistical TestsDescriptive data included absolute frequencies and percentages for categorical data, and arithmetic means and 95% confidence intervals for scale‐type data. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between SUVs and ADCs (P ≤ 0.05). Additional separate analyses were performed according to histological lymphoma subtype, for nodal and extranodal lesions and excluding bone lesions.ResultsOverall, 100 patients were examined (55 males, 45 females; age ± SD in years, 51.6 ± 19.5). Histology revealed Hodgkin‐lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin‐lymphoma in 26 and 74 patients, respectively. Twenty patients were stage I, 21 stage II, 24 stage III, and 31 stage IV on [18F]‐FDG‐PET/MR (ie, four patients negative at imaging). Based on 391 lesions (ie, 367 excluding bone lesions) no significant correlations between SUVmax and ADCmin, or between SUVmean and ADCmean, emerged (respectively, r = 0.091, P = 0.073, 95% CI [–0.01, 0.19] and r = –0.032, P = 0.527, 95% CI [–0.13, 0.07] including bone lesions; r = 0.06, P = 0.21, 95% CI [–0.04, 0.17] and r = –0.05, P = 0.32, 95% CI [–0.15, 0.05] excluding bone lesions). A significant correlation was observed only between ADCmean and SUVmean for follicular lymphoma (r = −0.33, P = 0.001).Data ConclusionSUVs and ADCs were demonstrated to be independent biomarkers in lymphomas. A moderate correlation between SUVs and ADCs likely is present in follicular lymphoma.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1217–1226.
Quantitative fingerprinting based on the limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method for an overall quality consistency assessment and antioxidant activity determination of Lianqiao Baidu pills using HPLC with a diode array detector combined with chemometric methods
Authors: Chen Shuai , Sun Guoxiang , Ma Didi , Yang Lanping , Zhang Jing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLianqiao Baidu pills are widely used herbal medicinal preparation that were analyzed to develop a quality consistency technique. The characteristic fingerprints of 28 batches of Lianqiao Baidu pill samples were established at five wavelengths and simultaneously assessed by using a limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method using 15 marker compounds. The principal component analysis and fingerprinting results were compared, and the qualitative classification of the samples by principal component analysis agreed with their quantitative evaluation by the limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the samples were surveyed and determined using a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging approach. A relationship between the common peaks in the fingerprints and the antioxidant activities was established using a partial least squares model. The relationship can be used both to determine the antioxidant activities of the Lianqiao Baidu pill preparations in vitro and as a reference for the selection of active constituents for sample quality classification. The classification results for the samples based on principal component analysis agreed with the quantitative evaluation by the limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method, which demonstrated that the method can be applied to the holistic quality control of traditional Chinese medicine and herbal preparations.
A 48‐Hour Vegan Diet Challenge in Healthy Women and Men Induces a BRANCH‐Chain Amino Acid Related, Health Associated, Metabolic Signature
Authors: Draper Colleen Fogarty , Vassallo Irene , Di Cara Alessandro , Milone Cristiana , Comminetti Ornella , Monnard Irina , Godin Jean‐Philippe , Scherer Max , Su MingMing , Jia Wei , Guiraud Seu‐Ping , Praplan Fabienne , Guignard Laurence , Ammon Zufferey Corinne , Shevlyakova Maya , Emami Nashmil , Moco Sofia , Beaumont Maurice , Kaput Jim , Martin Francois‐Pierre 
Published: October 2017

ScopeResearch is limited on diet challenges to improve health. A short‐term, vegan protein diet regimen nutritionally balanced in macronutrient composition compared to an omnivorous diet is hypothesized to improve metabolic measurements of blood sugar regulation, blood lipids, and amino acid metabolism.Methods and resultsThis randomized, cross‐over, controlled vegan versus animal diet challenge is conducted on 21 (11 female,10 male) healthy participants. Fasting plasma is measured during a 3 d diet intervention for clinical biochemistry and metabonomics. Intervention diet plans meet individual caloric needs. Meals are provided and supervised. Diet compliance is monitored.ConclusionsThe vegan diet lowers triglycerides, insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA‐IR), bile acids, elevated magnesium levels, and changed branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism (p < 0.05), potentiating insulin and blood sugar control after 48 h. Cholesterol control improves significantly in the vegan versus omnivorous diets. Plasma amino acid and magnesium concentrations positively correlate with dietary amino acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber inversely correlate with insulin, HOMA‐IR, and triglycerides. Nutritional biochemistries, BCAAs, insulin, and HOMA‐IR are impacted by sexual dimorphism. A health‐promoting, BCAA‐associated metabolic signature is produced from a short‐term, healthy, controlled, vegan diet challenge when compared with a healthy, controlled, omnivorous diet.
Back to Basics? No Weight Loss from Motivational Interviewing Compared to Nutrition Psychoeducation at One‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Barnes Rachel D. , Ivezaj Valentina , Martino Steve , Pittman Brian P. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveWeight loss interventions have begun to receive increasing attention in primary care. Motivational interviewing (MI) is compatible with primary care because it requires relatively limited time and resources. Few studies, however, have examined the long‐term impact of MI for weight loss in primary care, and none have used attention‐control comparisons. This study was the first randomized controlled trial with a 12‐month follow‐up of two Web‐supported interventions: motivational interviewing and internet condition (MIC) and nutrition psychoeducation and internet condition (NPC).MethodsFifty‐nine patients with overweight or obesity, with and without binge‐eating disorder (BED), were randomized to treatments and assessed at 12‐month follow‐up after completing 3‐month treatments in primary care (15 months total).ResultsMixed models examining weight loss at 12 months revealed a group and time interaction effect trend (P = 0.054; d′ = 0.57). Secondary end point analysis showed a decrease (−1.7%) versus an increase (1.3%) in weight at 12 months among NPC and MIC patients, respectively (P = 0.056; d′ = 0.57). Overall, 5 of 44 (11.4%) participants lost or maintained 5% weight losses; differences between treatments were not significant. BED status did not impact weight loss.ConclusionsTwo brief and scalable weight loss interventions resulted in small effect sizes for weight loss 12 months following treatment conclusion. Because MIC required significantly more resources for adequate implementation, NPC may be more cost‐effective.