bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve healing of coiled experimental saccular aneurysms: an angiographic and histopathological study
Authors: Rouchaud Aymeric , Brinjikji Waleed , Dai Daying , Ding Yong-Hong , Gunderson Tina , Schroeder Dana , Spelle Laurent , Kallmes David F , Kadirvel Ramanathan 
Published: January 2017

PurposeLong-term occlusion of coiled aneurysms frequently fails, probably because of poor intrasaccular healing and inadequate endothelialization across the aneurysm neck. The purpose of this study was to determine if attachment of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to platinum coils would improve the healing response in an elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits.Materials and methodsWith approval from the institutional animal care and use committee, aneurysms were created in rabbits and embolized with control platinum coils (Axium; Medtronic) (n=6) or coils seeded ex vivo with autologous adipose-tissue MSCs (n=7). Aneurysmal occlusion after embolization was evaluated at 1 month with angiography. Histological samples were analyzed by gross imaging and graded on the basis of neck and dome healing on H&E staining. Fibrosis was evaluated using a ratio of the total area presenting collagen. Endothelialization of the neck was quantitatively analyzed using CD31 immunohistochemistry. χ2and Student's t-test were used to compare groups.ResultsHealing score (11.5 vs 8.0, p=0.019), fibrosis ratio (10.3 vs 0.13, p=0.006) and endothelialization (902 262 μm2vs 31 810 μm2, p=0.041) were significantly greater in the MSC group. The MSC group showed marked cellular proliferation and thrombus organization, with a continuous membrane bridging the neck of the aneurysm. Angiographic stable or progressive occlusion rate was significantly lower in the MSC group (0.00, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.41) compared with controls (0.67, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96) (p=0.02).ConclusionsAutologous MSCs attached to platinum coils significantly improve histological healing, as they result in improved neck endothelialization and collagen matrix formation within the aneurysm sac.
Serum inflammatory biomarkers fail to identify early axial spondyloarthritis: results from the SpondyloArthritis Caught Early (SPACE) cohort
Authors: Turina Maureen C , Yeremenko Nataliya , van Gaalen Floris , van Oosterhout Maikel , Berg Inger J , Ramonda Ramona , Lebre Cristina (M C) , Landewé Robert , Baeten Dominique 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionDecreasing the diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) remains a major challenge. Here, we assessed the value of serum inflammatory biomarkers to distinguish early axSpA from other pathologies in a large cohort of patients referred with early back pain.MethodsSerum c reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and calprotectin were determined in the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early (SPACE) cohort (n=310), an early back pain inception cohort. Additionally, explorative serum biomarkers derived from the literature (interleukin-27 (IL-27), human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) and lipcolin-2 (LCN-2)) were determined by ELISA in full-blown patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n=21) and healthy controls (n=20).ResultsSerum CRP and ESR levels were not elevated in early axSpA versus ‘control’ back pain patients. Serum calprotectin was elevated in early axSpA versus controls (p=0.01) but failed to identify early axSpA at the individual level (positive predictive value of 38.7%). As to explorative biomarkers, serum levels of IL-27 were not detectable, and hBD-2 and LCN-2 serum levels were not elevated in full-blown AS versus healthy controls (p=0.572, p=0.562, respectively). Therefore, these markers were not further determined in the SPACE cohort.ConclusionsNone of the candidate serum inflammatory markers were useful as diagnostic markers in the early phase of axSpA.
Novel on-chip spiral inductors with back hollow structure
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Houfang , Li Xiaoning , Qiu Haochuan , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling 
Published: January 2017

In this work, on-chip spiral inductors with back hollow structure have been prepared on the 500 [Formula: see text] thick silicon substrate with high resistivity [Formula: see text]. The silicon underneath the inductor region has been completely etched by deep etching process in order to reduce the substrate eddy current losses. Several types of square spiral on-chip inductors with different metal width (w) and line spacing (s) in the case of [Formula: see text] were fabricated. The experimental results are verified by FEM simulation using HFSS software. The results show that the Q-factor and self-resonance frequency of back hollow structure inductors are both enhanced compared with the conventional inductors. Furthermore, narrower width of coils for the on-chip spiral inductors with back hollow structure can result in higher Q-factor, inductance L and self-resonance frequency, which provide some important design guides for the fabrication of the high performance on-chip inductors.
Muscle spindles in human tibialis anterior encode muscle fascicle length changes
Authors: Day James , Bent Leah R. , Birznieks Ingvars , Macefield Vaughan G. , Cresswell Andrew G. 
Published: January 2017

Muscle spindles provide exquisitely sensitive proprioceptive information regarding joint position and movement. Through passively driven length changes in the muscle-tendon unit (MTU), muscle spindles detect joint rotations because of their in-parallel mechanical linkage to muscle fascicles. In human microneurography studies, muscle fascicles are assumed to follow the MTU and, as such, fascicle length is not measured in such studies. However, under certain mechanical conditions, compliant structures can act to decouple the fascicles, and, therefore, the spindles, from the MTU. Such decoupling may reduce the fidelity by which muscle spindles encode joint position and movement. The aim of the present study was to measure, for the first time, both the changes in firing of single muscle spindle afferents and changes in muscle fascicle length in vivo from the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) during passive rotations about the ankle. Unitary recordings were made from 15 muscle spindle afferents supplying TA via a microelectrode inserted into the common peroneal nerve. Ultrasonography was used to measure the length of an individual fascicle of TA. We saw a strong correlation between fascicle length and firing rate during passive ankle rotations of varying rates (0.1–0.5 Hz) and amplitudes (1–9°). In particular, we saw responses observed at relatively small changes in muscle length that highlight the sensitivity of the TA muscle to small length changes. This study is the first to measure spindle firing and fascicle dynamics in vivo and provides an experimental basis for further understanding the link between fascicle length, MTU length, and spindle firing patterns. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle spindles are exquisitely sensitive to changes in muscle length, but recordings from human muscle spindle afferents are usually correlated with joint angle rather than muscle fascicle length. In this study, we monitored both muscle fascicle length and spindle firing from the human tibialis anterior muscle in vivo. Our findings are the first to measure these signals in vivo and provide an experimental basis for exploring this link further.
Characterizing differential poststroke corticomotor drive to the dorsi- and plantarflexor muscles during resting and volitional muscle activation
Authors: Palmer Jacqueline A. , Zarzycki Ryan , Morton Susanne M. , Kesar Trisha M. , Binder-Macleod Stuart A. 
Published: January 2017

Imbalance of corticomotor excitability between the paretic and nonparetic limbs has been associated with the extent of upper extremity motor recovery poststroke, is greatly influenced by specific testing conditions such as the presence or absence of volitional muscle activation, and may vary across muscle groups. However, despite its clinical importance, poststroke corticomotor drive to lower extremity muscles has not been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, whereas conventional gait rehabilitation strategies for stroke survivors focus on paretic limb foot drop and dorsiflexion impairments, most contemporary literature has indicated that paretic limb propulsion and plantarflexion impairments are the most significant limiters to poststroke walking function. The purpose of this study was to compare corticomotor excitability of the dorsi- and plantarflexor muscles during resting and active conditions in individuals with good and poor poststroke walking recovery and in neurologically intact controls. We found that plantarflexor muscles showed reduced corticomotor symmetry between paretic and nonparetic limbs compared with dorsiflexor muscles in individuals with poor poststroke walking recovery during active muscle contraction but not during rest. Reduced plantarflexor corticomotor symmetry during active muscle contraction was a result of reduced corticomotor drive to the paretic muscles and enhanced corticomotor drive to the nonparetic muscles compared with the neurologically intact controls. These results demonstrate that atypical corticomotor drive exists in both the paretic and nonparetic lower limbs and implicate greater severity of corticomotor impairments to plantarflexor vs. dorsiflexor muscles during muscle activation in stroke survivors with poor walking recovery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study observed that lower-limb corticomotor asymmetry resulted from both reduced paretic and enhanced nonparetic limb corticomotor excitability compared with neurologically intact controls. The most asymmetrical corticomotor drive was observed in the plantarflexor muscles of individuals with poor poststroke walking recovery. This suggests that neural function of dorsi- and plantarflexor muscles in both paretic and nonparetic limbs may play a role in poststroke walking function, which may have important implications when developing targeted poststroke rehabilitation programs to improve walking ability.
Nut Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from Two Large Observational Studies
Authors: Lee Jennifer T. , Lai Gabriel Y. , Liao Linda M. , Subar Amy F. , Bertazzi Pier Alberto , Pesatori Angela C. , Freedman Neal D. , Landi Maria Teresa , Lam Tram Kim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground: Epidemiologic evidence on the association between nut consumption and lung cancer risk is limited.Methods: We investigated this relationship in the Environment and Genetics in Lung Cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study, a population-based case–control study, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort. We identified 2,098 lung cases for EAGLE and 18,533 incident cases in AARP. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire for both studies. Multivariable ORs and HRs and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression for EAGLE and AARP, respectively.Results: Higher frequency of intake of nut consumption was inversely associated with overall lung cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quintile, OREAGLE = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.95; HRAARP = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81–0.91), regardless of smoking status. Results from the prospective cohort showed similar associations across histologic subtypes and a more pronounced benefits from nut consumption for those who smoked 1 to 20 cigarettes/day (OREAGLE = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39–0.95; HRAARP = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.94).Conclusions: Nut consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer in two large population-based studies, and associations were independent of cigarette smoking and other known risk factors.Impact: To our knowledge, this is the first study that examined the association between nut consumption and lung cancer risk by histologic subtypes and smoking intensity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 826–36. ©2017 AACR.
The fifth epidermal growth factor like region of thrombomodulin alleviates LPS-induced sepsis through interacting with GPR15
Authors: Pan Bin , Wang Xiangmin , Kojima Shinsuke , Nishioka Chie , Yokoyama Akihito , Honda Goichi , Xu Kailin , Ikezoe Takayuki 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThrombomodulin (TM) exerts cytoprotection via the fifth region of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain of TM (TME5) by interacting with G-protein coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) expressed on cell surface of vascular endothelial cells. TM is also implied to mediate anti-inflammatory functions by unknown mechanism. By applying a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine sepsis model, we assessed the role of TME5 in septic inflammation and coagulation. We found that TME5 treatment protected mice in association with ameliorating inflammation and coagulopathy in LPS-induced sepsis. Further study confirmed that TME5 bound GPR15 in vitro. Knock out of GPR15 abolished protective role of TME5 in sepsis model. GPR15 mediated anti-inflammatory function of TME5 through suppression of phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of NF-κB and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macro-phages (Macs). Knock out of GPR15 resulted in dysregulated immune response of Macs, characterised by excessive expression of pro-inflammatory genes and failing to limit immune response. This study indicates that TME5 exerts anti-inflammatory function through inhibition of NF-κB in a GPR15-dependent manner. The use of TME5 may be a potential therapeutic option for treatment of sepsis.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Osteoprotegerin Disruption Attenuates HySu-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through Integrin α
v
β
3
/FAK/AKT Pathway Suppression
Authors: Jia Daile , Zhu Qian , Liu Huan , Zuo Caojian , He Yuhu , Chen Guilin , Lu Ankang 
Published: January 2017

Background—
Pulmonary arterial remodeling characterized by increased vascular smooth muscle proliferation is commonly seen in life-threatening disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Clinical studies have suggested a correlation between osteoprotegerin serum levels and PAH severity. Here, we aimed to invhestigate vascular osteoprotegerin expression and its effects on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, as well as examine the signal transduction pathways mediating its activity.

Methods and Results—

Serum osteoprotegerin levels were significantly elevated in patients with PAH and correlated with disease severity as determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) functional classifications and 6-minute walking distance tests. Similarly, increased osteoprotegerin expression was observed in the pulmonary arteries of hypoxia plus SU5416– and monocrotaline-induced PAH animal models. Moreover, osteoprotegerin disruption attenuated hypoxia plus SU5416–induced PAH progression by reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling, whereas lentiviral osteoprotegerin reconstitution exacerbated PAH by increasing pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, pathway analysis revealed that osteoprotegerin induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by interacting with integrin α
v
β
3
to elicit downstream focal adhesion kinase and AKT pathway activation.

Conclusions—
Osteoprotegerin facilitates PAH pathogenesis by regulating pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation, suggesting that it may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in this disease.
Predictors of Nonuse of a High‐Potency Statin After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From the Stabilization of Plaques Using Darapladib‐Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 52 (SOLID‐TIMI 52) Trial
Authors: Eisen Alon , Cannon Christopher P. , Braunwald Eugene , Steen Dylan L. , Zhou Jing , Goodrich Erica L. , Im KyungAh , Dalby Anthony J. , Spinar Jindrich , Daga Shruti , Lukas Mary Ann , O'Donoghue Michelle L. 
Published: January 2017

Background
High‐potency statins reduce cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes but remain underused in clinical practice. We examined predictors of nonuse of high‐potency statins after acute coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results

The Stabilization of pLaques usIng Darapladib‐Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (SOLID‐TIMI 52) trial enrolled patients after an acute coronary syndrome in 36 countries between 2009 and 2011. Statin use was strongly encouraged throughout the trial, and statin potency was at the discretion of the treating physician. A high‐potency statin was defined as ≥40 mg atorvastatin, ≥20 mg rosuvastatin, or 80 mg simvastatin daily. Predictors of nonuse of high‐potency statins were examined using logistic regression. Of the patients included (n=12 446), 11 850 (95.2%) were treated with a statin at baseline after acute coronary syndrome (median 14 days), but only 5212 (41.9%) were on a high‐potency statin. Selected patient factors associated with nonuse of high‐potency statins included age ≥75 years (odds ratio 1.39, 95%
CI
1.24–1.56), female sex (odds ratio 1.11, 95%
CI
1.02–1.22), renal dysfunction (odds ratio 1.17, 95%
CI
1.03–1.32), and heart failure during hospital admission (odds ratio 1.43, 95%
CI
1.27–1.62). At 3 months after baseline, only 49% of patients had low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <70 mg/dL. Among the 5490 patients (59%) who were not on a high‐potency statin at 3 months, lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was a predictor of nonuse of a high‐potency statin after a median of 2.3 years (odds ratio 1.15 for 10 mg/dL decrease, 95%
CI
1.11–1.19).

Conclusion
Despite the widespread use of statins after acute coronary syndromes, most patients are not treated with high‐potency statins early and late after the event, including patients at the highest risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01000727.
Global Influence of Tropical Pacific Variability with Implications for Global Warming Slowdown
Authors: Wang Chuan-Yang , Xie Shang-Ping , Kosaka Yu , Liu Qinyu , Zheng Xiao-Tong 
Published: January 2017

The impact of internal tropical Pacific variability on global mean surface temperature (GMST) is quantified using a multimodel ensemble. A tropical Pacific index (TPI) is defined to track tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability. The simulated GMST is highly correlated with TPI on the interannual time scale but this correlation weakens on the decadal time scale. The time-scale dependency is such that the GMST regression equation derived from the observations, which are dominated by interannual variability, would underestimate the magnitude of decadal GMST response to tropical Pacific variability. The surface air temperature response to tropical Pacific variability is strong in the tropics but weakens in the extratropics. The regression coefficient of GMST against TPI shows considerable intermodel variations, primarily because of differences in high latitudes. The results have important implications for the planned intercomparison of pacemaker experiments that force Pacific variability to follow the observed evolution. The model dependency of the GMST regression suggests that in pacemaker experiments—model performance in simulating the recent “slowdown” in global warming—will vary substantially among models. It also highlights the need to develop observational constraints and to quantify the TPI effect on the decadal variability of GMST. Compared to GMST, the correlation between global mean tropospheric temperature and TPI is high on both interannual and decadal time scales because of a common structure in the tropical tropospheric temperature response that is upward amplified and meridionally broad.
Staggered-PRT Sequences for Doppler Weather Radars. Part II: Ground Clutter Mitigation on the NEXRAD Network Using the CLEAN-AP Filter
Authors: Warde David A. , Torres Sebastián M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe staggered–pulse repetition time (SPRT) technique has been shown to be effective at mitigating range and velocity ambiguities; however, mitigation of ground clutter contamination for SPRT sequences has proven to be more challenging. Using the properties of the autocorrelation spectral density, the Clutter Environment Analysis using Adaptive Processing (CLEAN-AP) filter is extended to SPRT sequences for its implementation on the U.S. Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) network. The performance of the CLEAN-AP filter for SPRT sequences is characterized and illustrated with simulations and real data. The study shows that the proposed ground clutter filter meets NEXRAD operational performance requirements for ground clutter mitigation.
How to Make Local Context Matter in National Advice: Towards Adaptive Comanagement in Norwegian Climate Adaptation
Authors: Westskog Hege , Hovelsrud Grete K. , Sundqvist Göran 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Drawing on case studies in 12 Norwegian municipalities, this paper investigates how local context matters for developing national climate adaptation policies that are applicable at the municipal level. Moreover, it explicates which factors constitute this context and how these factors vary across the case municipalities. National climate adaptation policy in Norway can currently be characterized as top down, providing standardized requirements and advice to municipalities. However, Norwegian municipalities vary greatly with respect to physical conditions, organizational resources, and societal needs. They are autonomous to a great extent and are almost solely responsible for developing climate policy and planning within their own territories. Therefore, municipalities adapt national policies to their own context, reflecting local physiographic, organizational, and resource challenges, but these local translations are not fully recognized by national and sectoral actors. This paper underscores that the significant variation in contextual factors between municipalities is not sufficiently addressed and understood by national and sectoral governmental authorities. With the identified variation of the contextual factors across the case municipalities, an adaptive comanagement strategy within a multilevel governance system is suggested as a suitable framework to ensure a proactive approach to local adaptation, that is, mutual understanding and better cooperation between the national and local levels.
Posterior Glottic Insufficiency in Children
Authors: Padia Reema , Smith Marshall E. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Dysphonia secondary to posterior glottic insufficiency (PGI) can be difficult to identify and correct. Inadequate arytenoid approximation from medial arytenoid erosion results in a breathy, soft voice. The anatomical location of the gap is difficult to correct by vocal fold injection laryngoplasty. This study reviews the presentation, evaluation, and treatment for pediatric patients who were identified with PGI. Methods: An Institutional Review Board–approved chart review was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with PGI at our institution from 2013 to 2015. We studied the presentation, workup, and treatment for these patients, including laryngoscopy, parent or patient-based voice impairment ratings, and response to treatment. Results: Seven patients were identified. Erosion of the medial arytenoid was identified on microlaryngoscopy for all of these patients. The patients had suboptimal improvement from injection laryngoplasty. Three patients underwent surgical correction with an endoscopic posterior cricoid reduction laryngoplasty (EPCRL) with significant improvement in voice, assessed by perceptual, laryngoscopic, and patient-based measures. Conclusion: The key diagnostic procedures to identify posterior glottic insufficiency include laryngoscopic findings of a posterior glottal gap, microlaryngoscopy with close inspection of the posterior glottis and medial arytenoids, and suboptimal response to injection laryngoplasty. The EPCRL is an effective procedure to treat dysphonia from PGI.