bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy and Ultrasound-Guided Local Corticosteroid Injection Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Hocaoglu Sehriban , Vurdem Umit Erkan , Cebicci Mehtap Aykac , Sutbeyaz Serap Tomruk , Guldeste Zuhal , Yunsuroglu Serap Gurek 
Published: June 2017

Background:We compared the long-term clinical and ultrasonographic effects of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) versus ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection treatment in patients with plantar fasciitis unresponsive to conservative therapy.Methods:Seventy-two patients with unilateral plantar fasciitis were randomized to receive either rESWT (three times once per week) (n = 36) or corticosteroid treatment (a single 1-mL dose of betamethasone sodium plus 0.5 mL of prilocaine under ultrasound guidance by injection into the plantar fascia) (n = 36). The primary outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI) scores. Secondary outcome measures included the heel tenderness index (HTI) score and plantar fascia thickness (PFT) as obtained by ultrasound examination. All of the assessments were performed at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment.Results:Significant improvements were observed in the rESWT group in VAS, HTI, and FFI scores and PFT at the end of treatment and were maintained during follow-up. Posttreatment improvements in VAS, HTI, and FFI scores and PFT were also seen in the corticosteroid group but were not maintained for VAS and FFI scores after the completion of therapy and were lost at 1 and 6 months, respectively. No serious treatment-related complications occurred.Conclusions:Both rESWT and corticosteroid injection therapy are effective modalities for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. However, rESWT seems to be superior to corticosteroid injection therapy due to its longer duration of action.
Direction‐finding measurements of Jovian low‐frequency radio components by Juno near Perijove 1
Authors: Imai Masafumi , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Bolton Scott J. , Connerney John E. P. , Levin Steven M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWith the aid of the radio and plasma wave (Waves) instrument on board the Juno spacecraft, the first scientific close encounter to Jupiter (Perijove 1) of Juno led to an opportunity to perform direction‐finding measurements of the intense Jovian broadband kilometric (bKOM) radiation at 10 to 142 kHz, two escaping continuum radiation (ECR) events at 9 to 22 kHz, and two narrowband kilometric (nKOM) radiation events at 45–112 kHz. We conclude that the northern bKOM radio sources are localized on M‐shell = 50–60 field lines where M‐shell is similar to L‐shell for nondipolar fields. The beam cone half‐angle varies from 40° to 55°. By intersecting the wave k vector with the Jovian centrifugal equator, two ECR sources are located inside and outside of 11–12 RJ, and two nKOM sources are found between 11 and 20 RJ. These source frequencies and locations can be used for plasma diagnostics in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere.
Particulate concentration and seasonal dynamics in the mesopelagic ocean based on the backscattering coefficient measured with Biogeochemical‐Argo floats
Authors: Poteau Antoine , Boss Emmanuel , Claustre Hervé 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe explore a novel and spatially extensive data set obtained from Biogeochemical‐Argo (or BGC‐Argo) floats, containing 16,796 profiles of the particulate backscattering coefficient at 700 nm (bbp(700)) measured with three different sensors. We focus at the 900–950m depth interval (within the mesopelagic), where we found values to be relatively constant. While we find significant differences between estimates of bbp(700) obtained with different sensors (≈30% disagreement), the median values in most oceanic regions obtained with a single type of sensor are within 50% of each other and are consistent with measurements of suspended mass conducted in the early 1970s. Deviations from the quasi‐constant background value likely indicate times and locations associated with higher particulate export to depth. Indeed, we observe that in productive high‐latitude regions, a deep seasonal signal is observed, with enhanced values recorded a few months after surface spring/summer maximal concentrations. In addition, the deep bbp(700) is highest in regions exhibiting suboxic‐anoxic conditions (e.g., Northern Indian Ocean), which have been associated with local particulate production as well as reduced particle flux attenuation.
Predicting organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations in runoff from peat extraction sites using partial least squares regression
Authors: Tuukkanen T. , Marttila H. , Kløve B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOrganic matter and nutrient export from drained peatlands is affected by complex hydrological and biogeochemical interactions. Here partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to relate various soil and catchment characteristics to variations in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in runoff. Peat core samples and water quality data were collected from 15 peat extraction sites in Finland. PLSR models constructed by cross‐validation and variable selection routines predicted 92, 88, and 95% of the variation in mean COD, TN, and TP concentration in runoff, respectively. The results showed that variations in COD were mainly related to net production (temperature and water‐extractable dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), hydrology (topographical relief), and solubility of dissolved organic matter (peat sulfur (S) and calcium (Ca) concentrations). Negative correlations for peat S and runoff COD indicated that acidity from oxidation of organic S stored in peat may be an important mechanism suppressing organic matter leaching. Moreover, runoff COD was associated with peat aluminum (Al), P, and sodium (Na) concentrations. Hydrological controls on TN and COD were similar (i.e., related to topography), whereas degree of humification, bulk density, and water‐extractable COD and Al provided additional explanations for TN concentration. Variations in runoff TP concentration were attributed to erosion of particulate P, as indicated by a positive correlation with suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and factors associated with metal‐humic complexation and P adsorption (peat Al, water‐extractable P, and water‐extractable iron (Fe)).
Effects of episodic rainfall on a subterranean estuary
Authors: Yu Xiayang , Xin Pei , Lu Chunhui , Robinson Clare , Li Ling , Barry D. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNumerical simulations were conducted to examine the effect of episodic rainfall on nearshore groundwater dynamics in a tidally influenced unconfined coastal aquifer, with a focus on both long‐term (yearly) and short‐term (daily) behavior of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and seawater intrusion (SWI). The results showed nonlinear interactions among the processes driven by rainfall, tides, and density gradients. Rainfall‐induced infiltration increased the yearly averaged fresh groundwater discharge to the ocean but reduced the extents of the saltwater wedge and upper saline plume as well as the total rate of seawater circulation through both zones. Overall, the net effect of the interactions led to an increase of the SGD. The nearshore groundwater responded to individual rainfall events in a delayed and cumulative fashion, as evident in the variations of daily averaged SGD and salt stored in the saltwater wedge (quantifying the extent of SWI). A generalized linear model (GLM) along with a Gamma distribution function was developed to describe the delayed and prolonged effect of rainfall events on short‐term groundwater behavior. This model validated with results of daily averaged SGD and SWI from the simulations of groundwater and solute transport using independent rainfall data sets, performed well in predicting the behavior of the nearshore groundwater system under the combined influence of episodic rainfall, tides, and density gradients. The findings and developed GLM form a basis for evaluating and predicting SGD, SWI, and associated mass fluxes from unconfined coastal aquifers under natural conditions, including episodic rainfall.
Push–Pull Distyryl Boron Dipyrromethenes as Near‐Infrared Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Wen‐Jing , Kinoshita Takumi , Ng Dennis K. P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA diiodo distyryl boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with an ethyl ester group at the meso position was prepared. This compound underwent palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions with 4‐(diphenylamino)phenylethyne and 4‐(dimethylamino)phenylethyne to give the corresponding dialkynyl derivatives. After alkaline hydrolysis and acidic work‐up, all three compounds were converted to the carboxyl analogues, which could bind to the surface of TiO2 for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These compounds, in particular the dialkynyl analogues, possessed a push–pull structure and a highly conjugated π system, which shifted the Q band to the near‐infrared region. Electrochemical studies revealed that they had appropriate HOMO and LUMO levels for the construction of DSSCs comprising a TiO2 electrode and an electrolyte containing an I3−/I− redox couple. The optimized structures, frontier molecular orbitals, and absorption spectra of these sensitizers were calculated using density functional theory. The diiodo distyryl BODIPY‐based DSSC showed a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 2.78 % under AM 1.5G standard sunlight and a maximum incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of >45 % at 780 nm. The DSSCs fabricated with the dialkynyl distyryl BODIPYs could achieve an IPCE value of approximately 20 % at 840 nm and a broader photoresponse over the whole visible range extending up to approximately 950 nm in the near‐infrared region.
Bioorthogonal Labeling of Human Prostate Cancer Tissue Slice Cultures for Glycoproteomics
Authors: Spiciarich David R. , Nolley Rosalie , Maund Sophia L. , Purcell Sean C. , Herschel Jason , Iavarone Anthony T. , Peehl Donna M. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSialylated glycans are found at elevated levels in many types of cancer and have been implicated in disease progression. However, the specific glycoproteins that contribute to the cancer cell‐surface sialylation are not well characterized, specifically in bona fide human disease tissue. Metabolic and bioorthogonal labeling methods have previously enabled the enrichment and identification of sialoglycoproteins from cultured cells and model organisms. Herein, we report the first application of this glycoproteomic platform to human tissues cultured ex vivo. Both normal and cancerous prostate tissues were sliced and cultured in the presence of the azide‐functionalized sialic acid biosynthetic precursor Ac4ManNAz. The compound was metabolized to the azidosialic acid and incorporated into cell surface and secreted sialoglycoproteins. Chemical biotinylation followed by enrichment and mass spectrometry led to the identification of glycoproteins that were found at elevated levels or uniquely in cancerous prostate tissue. This work therefore extends the use of bioorthogonal labeling strategies to problems of clinical relevance.
Structure of Amorphous Selenium by 2D 77Se NMR Spectroscopy: An End to the Dilemma of Chain versus Ring
Authors: Marple Maxwell , Badger Jackson , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Kovnir Kirill , Sen Sabyasachi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAmorphous selenium, owing to its tremendous technological importance and perhaps to its chemical simplicity, has been studied for nearly a century and yet an unequivocal structural description of this material remains lacking to date. The primary controversy regarding the structure of amorphous Se relates to the relative fraction of Se atoms residing in
chains versus in Se8 rings. Herein we present the results of a two‐dimensional solid‐state 77Se nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic study of the chain and ring crystalline allotropes of Se as well as of amorphous Se to unequivocally demonstrate that 1) the Se8 rings and the
chains are characterized by their unique 77Se NMR signatures and 2) the structure of amorphous Se consists exclusively of
chains.
Integrated In Situ Characterization of a Molten Salt Catalyst Surface: Evidence of Sodium Peroxide and Hydroxyl Radical Formation
Authors: Takanabe Kazuhiro , Khan Abdulaziz M. , Tang Yu , Nguyen Luan , Ziani Ahmed , Jacobs Benjamin W. , Elbaz Ayman M. , Sarathy S. Mani , Tao Franklin (Feng) 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSodium‐based catalysts (such as Na2WO4) were proposed to selectively catalyze OH radical formation from H2O and O2 at high temperatures. This reaction may proceed on molten salt state surfaces owing to the lower melting point of the used Na salts compared to the reaction temperature. This study provides direct evidence of the molten salt state of Na2WO4, which can form OH radicals, using in situ techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrometry, and ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP‐XPS). As a result, Na2O2 species, which were hypothesized to be responsible for the formation of OH radicals, have been identified on the outer surfaces at temperatures of ≥800 °C, and these species are useful for various gas‐phase hydrocarbon reactions, including the selective transformation of methane to ethane.
Material‐Efficient Microfluidic Platform for Exploratory Studies of Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Coley Connor W. , Abolhasani Milad , Lin Hongkun , Jensen Klavs F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present an automated microfluidic platform for in‐flow studies of visible‐light photoredox catalysis in liquid or gas–liquid reactions at the 15 μL scale. An oscillatory flow strategy enables a flexible residence time while preserving the mixing and heat transfer advantages of flow systems. The adjustable photon flux made possible with the platform is characterized using actinometry. Case studies of oxidative hydroxylation of phenylboronic acids and dimerization of thiophenol demonstrate the capabilities and advantages of the system. Reaction conditions identified through droplet screening translate directly to continuous synthesis with minor platform modifications.
Unique Spectral Overlap and Resonant Energy Transfer between Europium(II) and Ytterbium(III) Cations: No Quantum Cutting
Authors: Zhou Lei , Tanner Peter A. , Zhou Weijie , Ai Yeye , Ning Lixin , Wu Mingmei M. , Liang Hongbin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSamples of the Ca3Sc2Si3O12 (CSS) host singly doped with Eu2+ or Yb3+, doubly doped with Eu2+ and Yb3+, and triply doped with Ce3+, Eu2+ and Yb3+ were synthesized by a sol–gel combustion process under reducing conditions. Unlike previous reports of Eu2+→Yb3+ energy transfer in other systems, the energy transfer is resonant in the CSS host and the transfer efficiency reaches 100 % for lightly doped samples. The transfer mechanism is multipolar rather than electron transfer for the sample compositions employed herein. The emission intensity of Yb3+ is further enhanced by co‐doping with Ce3+ in addition to Eu2+. The quantum efficiencies of the doped materials range between 9 % and 93 %.
Mild Hydrogenation of Amides to Amines over a Platinum‐Vanadium Bimetallic Catalyst
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Miyagawa Kazuya , Maeno Zen , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Yamasaki Jun , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHydrogenation of amides to amines is an important reaction, but the need for high temperatures and H2 pressures is a problem. Catalysts that are effective under mild reaction conditions, that is, lower than 30 bar H2 and 70 °C, have not yet been reported. Here, the mild hydrogenation of amides was achieved for the first time by using a Pt‐V bimetallic catalyst. Amide hydrogenation, at either 1 bar H2 at 70 °C or 5 bar H2 at room temperature was achieved using the bimetallic catalyst. The mild reaction conditions enable highly selective hydrogenation of various amides to the corresponding amines, while inhibiting arene hydrogenation. Catalyst characterization showed that the origin of the catalytic activity for the bimetallic catalyst is the oxophilic V‐decorated Pt nanoparticles, which are 2 nm in diameter.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Layered Black Phosphorus into Phosphorene
Authors: Ambrosi Adriano , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAmong 2D materials that recently have attracted enormous interest, black phosphorus (BP) is gaining a rising popularity due to its tunable band‐gap structure, which is strongly correlated to the thickness and can enable its use in optoelectronic and electronic applications. It is therefore important to provide a facile and scalable methodology to prepare single or few‐layer BP nanosheets. We propose herein a simple and fast top‐down method to exfoliate a BP crystal into nanosheets of reduced thickness by using electrochemistry. The application of an anodic potential to the crystal in an acidic aqueous solution allows control over the exfoliation efficiency and quality of the nanosheets produced. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) have been applied to fully characterize the exfoliated material, which presented significantly reduced layer thickness compared to the starting bulk material.
Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Carboazidation of Alkenes with Acetonitrile and Sodium Azide
Authors: Bunescu Ala , Ha Tu M. , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of alkenes, acetonitrile, and sodium azide afforded γ‐azido alkyl nitriles by formation of one C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond and one C(sp3)−N bond. The transformation allows concomitant introduction of two highly versatile groups (CN and N3) across the double bond. A sequence involving the copper‐mediated generation of a cyanomethyl radical and its subsequent addition to an alkene, and a C(sp3)−N bond formation accounted for the reaction outcome. The resulting γ‐azido alkyl nitrile can be easily converted into 1,4‐diamines, γ‐amino nitriles, γ‐azido esters, and γ‐lactams of significant synthetic value.
Highly flexible fabric strain sensor based on graphene nanoplatelet–polyaniline nanocomposites for human gesture recognition
Authors: Huang Ying , Gao Le , Zhao Yunong , Guo Xiaohui , Liu Caixia , Liu Ping 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTFlexible and wearable smart fabrics are becoming increasingly popular in healthcare and motion monitoring because of their potential applications in flexible and stretchable electronics. The integration of ordinary fabric with conductive fillers provides the fabric with new and intriguing functions, such as sensation. In this study, a low‐cost and efficient manner was used to fabricate a highly reliable conductive composite on fabric as an effective sensing material for gesture recognition. A strain sensor was fabricated by the incorporation of the highly conductive polyaniline (PANI) polymer, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and a handful of silicon rubber (SR) onto elastic Lycra fabric via a spin‐coating method. We demonstrated that the fabric strain sensor was able to detect and monitor the bending angle of a human finger. By means of the covered structure of the PANI and GNPs, the composite fabric could bear a 40% maximum strain and possess the pleasant characteristic of stretching and bending. The gauge factor of the fabric strain sensor reached 67.3; this was an improvement of approximately four times compared to sensors without PANI microparticles. Finally, the superior performance of our strain sensor through the integration of five strain sensors on a glove for the motion detection of fingers was demonstrated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45340.
Cellulose/polyaniline derivatives nanocomposites: Synthesis and their performance in removal of anionic dyes from simulated industrial effluents
Authors: Abbasian Mojtaba , Niroomand Pouneh , Jaymand Mehdi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA series of cellulose/polyaniline derivatives [polyaniline (PANI), poly(N‐methylaniline) (PNMANI), and poly(N‐ethylaniline) (PNEANI)] nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization method and successfully applied for removal of acid red 4 and direct red 23 dyes from simulated industrial effluents. The synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. The effect of some parameters including pH, adsorbent amount, and initial dyes concentrations on adsorption processes were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) for the synthesized nanocomposites were calculated, and among them the Cell/PANI sample showed the highest Qm for both AR4 (117 mg g–1) and DR23 (56 mg g–1) dyes. The regeneration and reusability tests exhibited that the synthesized nanocomposites had the relatively good reusability after five repetitions of the adsorption–desorption cycles. According to results, we envision that these nanocomposites, especially Cell/PANI, find application for removal of anionic dyes from industrial effluents mainly due to their low production costs, high adsorption effectiveness, and relatively good reusability. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45352.
Modification of absorbent poly(glycerol‐glutaric acid) films by the addition of monoglycerides
Authors: Boakye Prince G. , Jones Kerby C. , Latona Nicholas P. , Liu Cheng‐Kung , Besong Samuel A. , Lumor Stephen E. , Wyatt Victor T. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMonoglycerides (MGs) have been incorporated into the matrix of poly(glycerol‐co‐glutaric acid) films to investigate their effect on the thermal, mechanical, and solvent absorption properties of the resultant films. Solvent absorption studies revealed that poly(glycerol‐co‐glutaric acid‐co‐MG) films were able to absorb and resorb solvents better than poly(glycerol‐co‐glutaric acid) films, albeit they had higher erosion levels. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the incorporated MGs did not affect the thermal stability of the glycerol‐based films. The MG‐incorporated films were observed to be much softer than the poly(glycerol‐co‐glycerol) films which was further proven by a 39‐fold reduction in Young's Modulus and 17‐fold reduction in fracture energy when compared to the poly(glycerol‐co‐glycerol). Mechanical property studies also revealed that the incorporation of MGs increased the elongation % and reduced the tensile strength of poly(glycerol‐co‐glutaric acid) films. Correlation analysis revealed a strong linear relationship between Young's Modulus and fracture energy (R2 = 0.9962), and between Young's Modulus and tensile strength (R2 = 0.9972). Our study proved that MGs can be successfully incorporated in the polymer matrix of poly(glycerol‐co‐glutaric acid) films to produce softer films with increased elongation and increased solvent absorption capacity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45381.