bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation interventions to improve patient-reported outcomes and physical fitness in survivors of muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rammant Elke , Bultijnck Renée , Sundahl Nora , Ost Piet , Pauwels Nele S , Deforche Benedicte , Pieters Ronny , Decaestecker Karel , Fonteyne Valérie 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSurvivors of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) experience physical and psychosocial side effects of cancer diagnosis and treatment. These negative side effects have a crucial impact on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To date, there is evidence that rehabilitation interventions such as physical activity and psychosocial support have a positive effect on the HRQoL of cancer survivors. Unfortunately, there are no specific guidelines for rehabilitation or survivorship programmes for MIBC survivors. Therefore, this systematic review aims to assess the effects of exercise-based and psychosocial rehabilitation interventions in MIBC survivors.Methods and analysisThe approach of this review is consistent with the Cochrane methodology. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomised studies will be included. The population of interest is patients (≥18 years of age) with diagnosis of MIBC or high-risk non-MIBC for whom a radical cystectomy is indicated. There will be two eligible intervention types for inclusion: exercise-based and psychosocial rehabilitation interventions. The primary outcome measures are patient-reported outcomes (eg, HRQoL, fatigue and pain) and physical fitness. Studies will be identified independently by two review authors by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database. A third reviewer will be asked by disagreements. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data will be summarised descriptively. If homogeneity of the studies is sufficient, meta-analysis will be undertaken. The broad scope of this review (ie, different interventions and study designs) is needed to have a comprehensive view on effective rehabilitation interventions.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required, as no primary data will be collected. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.
Electrochemical investigation of mixed metal oxide nanocomposite electrode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Abbas Ghazanfar , Raza Rizwan , Ashfaq Ahmad M. , Ajmal Khan M. , Jafar Hussain M. , Ahmad Mukhtar , Aziz Hammad , Ahmad Imran , Batool Rida , Altaf Faizah , Zhu Bin 
Published: June 2017

Zinc-based nanostructured nickel (Ni) free metal oxide electrode material Zn[Formula: see text]/Cu[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text] oxide (CMZO) was synthesized by solid state reaction and investigated for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC) applications. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the synthesized electrode material were examined by XRD and SEM techniques respectively. The particle size of ZnO phase estimated by Scherer’s equation was 31.50 nm. The maximum electrical conductivity was found to be 12.567 S/cm and 5.846 S/cm in hydrogen and air atmosphere, respectively at 600[Formula: see text]C. The activation energy of the CMZO material was also calculated from the DC conductivity data using Arrhenius plots and it was found to be 0.060 and 0.075 eV in hydrogen and air atmosphere, respectively. The CMZO electrode-based fuel cell was tested using carbonated samarium doped ceria composite (NSDC) electrolyte. The three layers 13 mm in diameter and 1 mm thickness of the symmetric fuel cell were fabricated by dry pressing. The maximum power density of 728.86 mW/cm2 was measured at 550[Formula: see text]C.
Novel analysis of 4DCT imaging quantifies progressive increases in anatomic dead space during mechanical ventilation in mice
Authors: Kim Elizabeth H. , Preissner Melissa , Carnibella Richard P. , Samarage Chaminda R. , Bennett Ellen , Diniz Marcio A. , Fouras Andreas , Zosky Graeme R. , Jones Heather D. 
Published: June 2017

Increased dead space is an important prognostic marker in early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that correlates with mortality. The cause of increased dead space in ARDS has largely been attributed to increased alveolar dead space due to ventilation/perfusion mismatching and shunt. We sought to determine whether anatomic dead space also increases in response to mechanical ventilation. Mice received intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline and mechanical ventilation (MV). Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans were performed at onset of MV and after 5 h of MV. Detailed measurements of airway volumes and lung tidal volumes were performed using image analysis software. The forced oscillation technique was used to obtain measures of airway resistance, tissue damping, and tissue elastance. The ratio of airway volumes to total tidal volume increased significantly in response to 5 h of mechanical ventilation, regardless of LPS exposure, and airways demonstrated significant variation in volumes over the respiratory cycle. These findings were associated with an increase in tissue elastance (decreased lung compliance) but without changes in tidal volumes. Airway volumes increased over time with exposure to mechanical ventilation without a concomitant increase in tidal volumes. These findings suggest that anatomic dead space fraction increases progressively with exposure to positive pressure ventilation and may represent a pathological process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that anatomic dead space ventilation increases significantly over time in mice in response to mechanical ventilation. The novel functional lung-imaging techniques applied here yield sensitive measures of airway volumes that may have wide applications.
Immune-Related Tumor Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab: Identifying Markers for Clinical Outcome and Treatment Decisions
Authors: Nishino Mizuki , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Manos Michael P. , Bailey Nancy , Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Ott Patrick A. , Ramaiya Nikhil H. , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Characterize tumor burden dynamics during PD-1 inhibitor therapy and investigate the association with overall survival (OS) in advanced melanoma.
Experimental Design: The study included 107 advanced melanoma patients treated with pembrolizumab. Tumor burden dynamics were assessed on serial CT scans using irRECIST and were studied for the association with OS.
Results: Among 107 patients, 96 patients had measurable tumor burden and 11 had nontarget lesions alone at baseline. In the 96 patients, maximal tumor shrinkage ranged from −100% to 567% (median, −18.5%). Overall response rate was 44% (42/96; 5 immune-related complete responses, 37 immune-related partial responses). Tumor burden remained &lt;20% increase from baseline throughout therapy in 57 patients (55%). Using a 3-month landmark analysis, patients with &lt;20% tumor burden increase from baseline had longer OS than patients with ≥20% increase (12-month OS rate: 82% vs. 53%). In extended Cox models, patients with &lt;20% tumor burden increase during therapy had significantly reduced hazards of death [HR = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08–0.43; P &lt; 0.0001 univariate; HR = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08–0.41; P &lt; 0.0001, multivariable]. Four patients (4%) experienced pseudoprogression; 3 patients had target lesion increase with subsequent response, which was noted after confirmed immune-related progressive disease (irPD). One patient without measurable disease progressed with new lesion that subsequently regressed.
Conclusions: Tumor burden increase of &lt;20% from the baseline during pembrolizumab therapy was associated with longer OS, proposing a practical marker for treatment decision guides that needs to be prospectively validated. Pseudoprogressors may experience response after confirmed irPD, indicating a limitation of the current strategy for immune-related response evaluations. Evaluations of patients without measurable disease may require further attention. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4671–9. ©2017 AACR.
Real-Time Transferrin-Based PET Detects MYC-Positive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Aggarwal Rahul , Behr Spencer C. , Paris Pamela L. , Truillet Charles , Parker Matthew F.L. , Huynh Loc T. , Wei Junnian , Hann Byron , Youngren Jack , Huang Jiaoti , Premasekharan Gayatri , Ranatunga Nimna , Chang Emily , Gao Kenneth T. , Ryan Charles J. , Small Eric J. , Evans Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Noninvasive biomarkers that detect the activity of important oncogenic drivers could significantly improve cancer diagnosis and management of treatment. The goal of this study was to determine whether 68Ga-citrate (which avidly binds to circulating transferrin) can detect MYC-positive prostate cancer tumors, as the transferrin receptor is a direct MYC target gene. PET imaging paired with 68Ga-citrate and molecular analysis of preclinical models, human cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and clinical biopsies were conducted to determine whether 68Ga-citrate can detect MYC-positive prostate cancer. Importantly, 68Ga-citrate detected human prostate cancer models in a MYC-dependent fashion. In patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, analysis of cfDNA revealed that all patients with 68Ga-citrate avid tumors had a gain of at least one MYC copy number. Moreover, biopsy of two PET avid metastases showed molecular or histologic features characteristic of MYC hyperactivity. These data demonstrate that 68Ga-citrate targets prostate cancer tumors with MYC hyperactivity. A larger prospective study is ongoing to demonstrate the specificity of 68Ga-citrate for tumors with hyperactive MYC.
Implications: Noninvasive measurement of MYC activity with quantitative imaging modalities could substantially increase our understanding of the role of MYC signaling in clinical settings for which invasive techniques are challenging to implement or do not characterize the biology of all tumors in a patient. Moreover, measuring MYC activity noninvasively opens the opportunity to study changes in MYC signaling in patients under targeted therapeutic conditions thought to indirectly inhibit MYC. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1221–9. ©2017 AACR.
New developments in anticoagulants: Past, present and future
Authors: Weitz Jeffrey I. , Harenberg Job 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThrombosis is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and anticoagulants are the mainstay of its prevention and treatment. Starting with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin, the choices of anticoagulants have exploded in the past 20 years. With over 90% subcutaneous bioavailability, no need for coagulation monitoring and dose adjustment, and a lower risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, low-molecular-weight heparin and fondaparinux have replaced UFH for prevention and initial treatment of venous thromboembolism and for secondary prevention in cancer patients. In patients undergoing percutaneous interventions, bivalirudin is often used instead of UFH. Oral anticoagulation therapy has advanced with the introduction of the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which include dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban. With efficacy at least equal to that of VKAs but with greater safety and convenience, the NOACs are now replacing VKAs for many indications. This paper a) highlights these advances, b) outlines how specific reversal agents for the NOACs will enhance their safety, c) reviews some of the ongoing trials with the NOACs, and d) describes the inhibitors of factor XII and XI that are under investigation as anticoagulants.
Therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis: Past, present and future
Authors: Weber Christian , Badimon Lina , Mach Francois , van der Vorst Emiel P. C. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryEven two centuries after they were first described, atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis remain among the leading causes of death worldwide. Over the last decades it has become clear that atherosclerosis is not only a lipid-driven disease but also a multifactorial process largely driven by inflammatory mediators, an insight that has instigated additional research and drug development focussing on anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we will provide a brief historical overview, followed by a more general synopsis of the range of currently available state-of-the-art therapies for atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Finally, we will highlight some of the promising therapeutic strategies that are currently under intense investigation. We believe that the next years will witness highly interesting developments and clinical trials investigating yet more novel therapies, and at the same time looking into potential combinations of all available therapies. This prospect closes in on the ultimate goal, which is to reduce the residual risk that still persists despite present therapeutic options.
Rectifying a Chronicle of Contradictions: The Political Context of Abraham Wheelock’s 1643 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Authors: Day Patrick V. 
Published: June 2017

Abraham Wheelock’s first edition of theAnglo-Saxon Chronicleappeared at the height of the First English Civil War in 1643, and it is often treated by modern critics as an appendix to the Old EnglishHistoria Ecclesiasticato which it is attached. This paper argues that theChronicleparticipated in a larger royalist campaign to establish the West Saxons as the institutional forbears of the first two Stuart kings. The West Saxon genealogies authorize a seventeenth-century conception of patriarchal, divine kingship when they trace Alfred to the biblical Adam. Alternatively, the medievalChroniclepresents the advisory body of the Anglo-Saxons, thewitan,as a potentially restrictive force upon the monarchy—an image incompatible with a royalist agenda. Wheelock mediates the contradictory presence of the powerfulwitanby diminishing its historical importance through excision, substitution, and inconsistent translation so that theChroniclemay more easily conform to early modern perceptions of absolutist kingship.
Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous or subcutaneous belimumab in combination with standard therapy in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lee Y H , Song G G 
Published: June 2017

Objective In this study, we aimed to assess the relative efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) belimumab compared with those of placebo in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to combine the direct and indirect evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and safety of belimumab 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg IV administration, and belimumab 200 mg SC injection, and placebo in patients with active SLE despite having received standard therapy. Results Five RCTs (3460 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The SLE Responder Index (SRI) response rate at week 52 was significantly higher in the belimumab 10 mg/kg group than in the placebo group (OR 2.63, 95% CrI 2.14–3.23). Similarly, the SRI response rates were significantly higher in the belimumab 1 mg/kg, and belimumab 200 mg SC groups than in the placebo group (OR 2.42, 95% CrI 1.90–3.09; OR 1.71, 95% CrI 1.27–2.29). Ranking probability based on surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that belimumab 10 mg/kg had the highest probability of being the best treatment for achieving the SRI response (SUCRA = 0.9174), followed by belimumab 1 mg/kg (SUCRA = 0.7338), belimumab 200 mg SC (SUCRA = 0.3487), and placebo (SUCRA = 0.0000). However, a sensitivity test by omitting one outlier study showing low SRI response rate compared with the other three studies (11% vs. 33%, 40%, 48%) showed that belimumab 200 mg SC and belimumab 10 mg/kg had the highest probability of being the best treatment for achieving the SRI response (SUCRA = 0.7903, SUCRA = 0.7456), followed by belimumab 1 mg/kg, and placebo. The number of serious adverse events (SAEs) did not differ significantly among the four treatment options. Conclusions Belimumab at 1 and 10 mg/kg IV and belimumab 200 mg SC in combination with standard therapy was an efficacious intervention for active SLE, and was not associated with a significant risk of SAEs.
Early risk of recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic carotid near-occlusion: Results from CAOS, a multicenter registry study
Authors: García-Pastor Andrés , Gil-Núñez Antonio , Ramírez-Moreno José María , González-Nafría Noelia , Tejada Javier , Moniche Francisco , Portilla-Cuenca Juan Carlos , Martínez-Sánchez Patricia , Fuentes Blanca , Gamero-García Miguel Ángel , Alonso de Leciñana María , Cánovas-Verge David , Aladro Yolanda , Parkhutik Vera , Lago-Martín Aida , de Arce-Borda Ana María , Usero-Ruíz María , Delgado-Mederos Raquel , Pampliega Ana , Ximenez-Carrillo Álvaro , Bártulos-Iglesias Mónica , Castro-Reyes Enrique 
Published: June 2017

Background The risk of recurrent stroke among patients with symptomatic carotid near-occlusion is not well established, and management of the condition remains controversial. Symptomatic carotid near-occlusion with full collapse has been identified as a strong predictor of early recurrence. We aimed to analyze the 90-day risk of recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke in medically treated patients with symptomatic carotid near-occlusion. Methods We performed a multicenter, nationwide, prospective study from January 2010 to May 2016. Patients with angiography-confirmed symptomatic carotid near-occlusion were included. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 90 days after the presenting event. For this analysis, patients who underwent revascularization within 90 days after stroke were excluded. Results The study population comprised 141 patients from 17 Spanish centers; 83 patients were treated medically. Primary endpoint occurred in eight patients, resulting in a cumulative rate of 10.6% (95% CI, 3.7–17.5). Previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attack was identified as an independent predictor for recurrence in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR, 4.37 [95% CI, 1.05–18.18]; p = 0.043), while the presence of full collapse was not associated with an increased risk (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.17–3.92]; p = 0.793). The risk of recurrence was also not affected by the presence of significant stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery, or by the collateral circulation. Conclusions Patients with symptomatic carotid near-occlusion seem to have an increased risk of early ipsilateral recurrent stroke. Our results contrast with the low risk of symptomatic carotid near-occlusion reported to date. Full collapse did not increase the risk of recurrent stroke in our study.
Prevalence and outcome of patients with cancer and acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a BleeMACS substudy
Authors: Iannaccone Mario , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Vadalà Paolo , Wilton Stephen B , Noussan Patrizia , Colombo Francesco , Raposeiras Roubín Sergio , Abu Assi Emad , González-Juanatey José Ramón , Simao Henriques Jose Paulo , Saucedo Jorge , Kikkert Wouter J , Nuñez-Gil Iván , Ariza-Sole Albert , Song Xian-tao , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Liebetrau Christoph , Kawaji Tetsuma , Moretti Claudio , Garbo Roberto , Huczek Zenon , Nie Shao-Ping , Fujii Toshiharu , Correia Luis CL , Kawashiri Masa-aki , García Acuña José María , Southern Danielle , Alfonso Emilio , Terol Belén , Garay Alberto , Zhang Dongfeng , Chen Yalei , Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Osman Neriman , Möllmann Helge , Shiomi Hiroki , Giordana Francesca , Kowara Michal , Filipiak Krzysztof , Wang Xiao , Yan Yan , Fan Jing-Yao , Ikari Yuji , Nakahashi Takuya , Sakata Kenji , Gaita Fiorenzo , Yamagishi Masakazu , Kalpak Oliver , Kedev Sasko 
Published: June 2017

Background: The prevalence and outcome of patients with cancer that experience acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have to be determined. Methods and results: The BleeMACS project is a multicentre observational registry enrolling patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention worldwide in 15 hospitals. The primary endpoint was a composite event of death and re-infarction after one year of follow-up. Bleedings were the secondary endpoint. 15,401 patients were enrolled, 926 (6.4%) in the cancer group and 14,475 (93.6%) in the group of patients without cancer. Patients with cancer were older (70.8±10.3 vs. 62.8±12.1 years, P<0.001) with more severe comorbidities and presented more frequently with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction compared with patients without cancer. After one year, patients with cancer more often experienced the composite endpoint (15.2% vs. 5.3%, P<0.001) and bleedings (6.5% vs. 3%, P<0.001). At multiple regression analysis the presence of cancer was the strongest independent predictor for the primary endpoint (hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 1.8–2.5, P<0.001) and bleedings (HR 1.5, 1.1–2.1, P=0.015). Despite patients with cancer generally being undertreated, beta-blockers (relative risk (RR) 0.6, 0.4–0.9, P=0.05), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (RR 0.5, 0.3–0.8, P=0.02), statins (RR 0.3, 0.2–0.5, P<0.001) and dual antiplatelet therapy (RR 0.5, 0.3–0.9, P=0.05) were shown to be protective factors, while proton pump inhibitors (RR 1, 0.6–1.5, P=0.9) were neutral. Conclusion: Cancer has a non-negligible prevalence in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, with a major risk of cardiovascular events and bleedings. Moreover, these patients are often undertreated from clinical despite medical therapy seems to be protective. Registration:The BleeMACS project (NCT02466854).
Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Tao Ran , Jiang Ronghuan , Lin Xiaodong , Shao Mingjing 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported conflicting results on the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality.AimsTo summarise available evidence and quantify the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality using meta-analysis.MethodWe systematically searched literature in the PubMed and Embase databases. Risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals reported in individual studies were pooled using the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model.ResultsWe included 19 studies in the meta-analysis. Among them, 15 studies reported standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing patients with schizophrenia with the general population, and the pooled SMR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.29–1.52, P<0.001). The other four studies reported hazard ratios (HRs) comparing individuals with schizophrenia with those without schizophrenia; the pooled HR was 1.51 (95% CI 1.13–2.03, P = 0.006).ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia are at a significantly increased risk of cancer mortality compared with the general population or individuals without schizophrenia.
Research roundup: June 2017
Authors: Som Rita 
Published: June 2017

In brief Tranexamic acid reduces chance of death in women with postpartum haemorrhaging by a third Side-effect of statins (muscle pain) reported more by people who knew they were taking statins, than in those who did not know Inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with increased risk of pneumonia in asthma patients, increasing with the dosage Nurses trained to run a discharge programme affect patients' adherence to medication treatment plans and reduce rehospitalisation within 90 days