bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Lactulose from Lactose in Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol
Authors: Soisangwan Nontanut , Gao Da‐Ming , Kobayashi Takashi , Khuwijitjaru Pramote , Adachi Shuji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProduction of lactulose from lactose was performed in subcritical aqueous ethanol. The effects of ethanol concentration (0–60% (w/w)) and temperature (160–220C) on the isomerization of lactose were studied. The maximum yield of lactulose (34%) was obtained from the treatment of lactose in 60% (w/w) aqueous ethanol at 200C. The isomerization and hydrolytic reactions of lactose were promoted and suppressed, respectively, by increasing ethanol concentration. The use of higher concentrations of ethanol was restricted due to the low solubility of lactose. Additionally, different feed concentrations (0.5–2.5% w/w) were studied. The maximum lactulose productivity of 63 kg/(h m3‐reactor) was obtained from the treatment employing a 2.5% (w/w) feed concentration, indicating that subcritical aqueous ethanol is promising for the production of lactulose.Practical ApplicationsLactulose is a synthetic disaccharide comprising galactose and fructose. It has been broadly used as prebiotic food additives and drugs against constipation, hepatic encephalopathy and anti‐endotoxin effects. Industrial production of lactulose is currently performed by alkaline isomerization of lactose which has several drawbacks such as high level of by‐products and high cost of downstream processing. Subcritical aqueous ethanol is a novel technique for lactulose production. It can be used to overcome the disadvantages of chemical methods. The simplicity, high productivity, cost‐effectiveness and environmental benignity make this technique applicable to large‐scale lactulose production.
Clinical evaluation of salivary carbohydrate antigen 125 and leptin in controls and parotid tumours
Authors: Zhang K‐Y , Liu C‐Y , Hua L , Wang S‐L , Li J 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesWe determined the correlation between saliva and serum for CA125 and leptin, and evaluated their clinical screening potential for parotid tumours.Subjects and MethodsSerum, acid‐stimulated bilateral parotid saliva and chewing‐stimulated whole saliva were collected and measured the levels of CA125 and leptin with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for healthy controls and patients with unilateral parotid tumour. Intra‐ and intergroup comparisons were made among them. Correlations and receiver operating curve analyses were also conducted.ResultsThere was no correlation between salivary and serum CA125 (r = −0.157–0.265, P > 0.05), while significant correlation was found for leptin (r = 0.219–0.761, P < 0.05). Leptin levels in tumour parotid saliva and CA125 levels in whole saliva were elevated significantly (P < 0.001) and showed screening potential for parotid tumours. Salivary and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSalivary CA125 might originate primarily from salivary gland and tumour rather than from blood, while salivary leptin might originate from both blood and salivary gland. Multiple sources might contribute to the significantly elevated CA125 in whole saliva. Whole saliva CA125 and parotid saliva leptin reflected the occurrence of parotid tumours, while serum CA125 and leptin did not. Salivary CA125 and leptin could not distinguish malignant parotid tumours. When detecting leptin level, the influence of subjects’ sex must be considered.
The Effect of Specimen Preparation on Post‐Excision and Post‐Fixation Dimensions, Translation, and Distortion of Canine Cadaver Skin‐Muscle‐Fascia Specimens
Authors: Risselada Marije , Mathews Kyle G , Griffith Emily 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of various tissue apposition techniques on specimens after formalin fixation, and to assess canine cadaveric composite skin‐muscle‐fascia specimen changes after excision without and with addition of a tumor model.Study DesignCanine cadaveric study; unbalanced paired design.Animals: Fresh canine cadavers (n = 30)MethodsExperiment 1: Paired 7 cm diameter, circular skin‐muscle‐fascia specimens were harvested bilaterally from three sites (thorax, abdomen, and thigh) on 10 cadavers. For each pair, the skin‐to‐fascia was sutured with a circumferential continuous pattern in one specimen and left unsutured in the other during excision. Specimen length and width were measured post‐excision and post‐fixation. Specimen rotation, translation, and distortion was measured post‐fixation. Experiment 2: A subcutaneous tumor model was implanted at 2 sites (neck, thorax) on 20 cadavers and specimens were then excised with 2 cm lateral margins and a deep fascial plane. Three suturing techniques of the skin‐to‐fascia at both sites were performed during excision: unsutured versus circumferential continuous suture (10 pairs) or circumferential versus 4 interrupted quadrant sutures (10 pairs). Lateral margins were compared post‐excision and post‐fixation.ResultsExperiment 1: There was significant reduction in the length and width of the fascia and skin post‐excision, but no further reduction after fixation. The circumferential suture decreased rotation and translation of the tissue layers but did not significantly affect specimen shrinkage or distortion compared with the unsutured specimen. Experiment 2: All 4 lateral margins decreased significantly post‐excision and post‐fixation compared with the planned pre‐excision margins. No difference was found between any of the 4 lateral margins for any skin‐to‐fascia suture technique.ConclusionCanine skin‐muscle‐fascia specimens significantly decrease in size from gross pre‐excision dimensions after removal. Suturing the specimen during surgery before excision will significantly improve alignment of tissue planes without creating distortion of the sample, but may alter the length, width, and lateral margins of the specimen.
Macrophages: A review of their role in wound healing and their therapeutic use
Authors: Snyder Robert J. , Lantis John , Kirsner Robert S. , Shah Vivek , Molyneaux Michael , Carter Marissa J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMacrophages are mononuclear phagocytes established during embryogenesis and derived from the yolk sac or the fetal liver but also recruited from the blood and bone marrow under proliferative inflammatory conditions (such as tissue repair). Most importantly, they take on distinct phenotypes and functions crucial to healing upon localization in the wound. The objective of this review is to summarize recent findings in regard to the cellular mechanisms of macrophages and chronic wounds. Advances in the potential use of macrophage therapy have arisen based, in part, on the fact that early recruitment of macrophages is critical to wound healing. Higher quality evidence is needed to support the use of macrophage therapy for chronic wound types, as is a better understanding of the signaling related to macrophage polarization, activation of macrophages, and their effect of mechanisms of repair. An evaluation of the currently available research on mechanism of action may lead to a better understanding of the signaling processes of the many macrophage phenotypes, as well as their roles and outcomes in wound healing, which could then guide the development and eventual widespread use of macrophage therapies.
Social worker registration: A decade of development, debate and delivery
Authors: Gilray Barbara 
Published: May 2016

The Social Workers Registration Act was enacted into Aotearoa New Zealand law in April 2003 and provides the framework for the registration of social workers. In general the Act prescribes entitlement to and criteria for registration; competence and fitness to practise social work; and discipline and complaints procedures. A decade later, this discussion will explore the current situation and future challenges facing social worker registration in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Data and methods to estimate fetal dose from fluoroscopically guided prophylactic hypogastric artery balloon occlusion
Authors: Solomou G. , Perisinakis K. , Tsetis D. , Stratakis J. , Damilakis J. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To provide data for estimation of fetal radiation dose (DF) from prophylactic hypogastric artery balloon occlusion (HABO) procedures.Methods:The Monte‐Carlo‐N‐particle (MCNP) transport code and mathematical phantoms representing a pregnant patient at the ninth month of gestation were employed. PA, RAO 20° and LAO 20° fluoroscopy projections of left and right internal iliac arteries were simulated. Projection‐specific normalized fetal dose (NFD) data were produced for various beam qualities. The effects of projection angle, x‐ray field location relative to the fetus, field size, maternal body size, and fetal size on NFD were investigated. Presented NFD values were compared to corresponding values derived using a physical anthropomorphic phantom simulating pregnancy at the third trimester and thermoluminescence dosimeters.Results:NFD did not considerably vary when projection angle was altered by ±5°, whereas it was found to markedly depend on tube voltage, filtration, x‐ray field location and size, and maternal body size. Differences in NFD < 7.5% were observed for naturally expected variations in fetal size. A difference of less than 13.5% was observed between NFD values estimated by MCNP and direct measurements.Conclusions:Data and methods provided allow for reliable estimation of radiation burden to the fetus from HABO.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolate Spoligotype SIT745/EAI1-MYS
Authors: Suraiya S. , Semail N. , Ismail M. F. , Abdullah J. M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is known to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This organism showed special phylogeographical specificity. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
M. tuberculosis
clinical isolate spoligotype SIT745/EAI1-MYS, which was isolated from a Malaysian tuberculosis patient.
First Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Pomona, Isolated from a Bovine Abortion
Authors: Varni Vanina , Koval Ariel , Nagel Ariel , Ruybal Paula , Caimi Karina , Amadio Ariel F. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and a re-emergent disease of global distribution with major relevance in veterinary production. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
Leptospira interrogans
serovar Pomona strain AKRFB, isolated from a bovine abortion during a leptospirosis outbreak in Argentina.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain ET76, Isolated from Rice Rhizosphere in Northwestern Morocco
Authors: Aarab Saida , Arakrak Abdelhay , Ollero Francisco Javier , Megías Manuel , Gomes Douglas Fabiano , Ribeiro Renan Augusto , Hungria Mariangela 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas fluorescens
ET76 was isolated from rice rhizosphere in northwestern Morocco. Its draft genome was estimated to be 6,681,652 bp with 5,789 coding sequences (CDSs). Genes encoding for type I to VI secretion systems, PvdQ, proteases, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide synthase, ACC-deaminase, among others, highlight its potential use in biological control of plant pathogens.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Marine Bacterium, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Strain S1, with High Mercury Resistance and Bioaccumulation Capacity
Authors: Liu Bing , Bian Chao , Huang Huiwei , Yin Zhiwei , Shi Qiong , Deng Xu 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
S1, a marine bacterium, exhibited strong resistance to a high concentration of Hg
2+
and remarkable Hg
2+
bioaccumulation capacity. Here, we report the 6.9-Mb genome sequence of
P. pseudoalcaligenes
S1, which may help clarify its phylogenetic status and provide further understanding of the mechanisms of mercury bioremediation in a marine environment.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing
Firmicutes
Species, “
Acidibacillus ferrooxidans
” (SLC66
T
)
Authors: Ñancucheo Ivan , Oliveira Renato , Dall'Agnol Hivana , Johnson D. Barrie , Grail Barry , Holanda Roseanne , Nunes Gisele Lopes , Cuadros-Orellana Sara , Oliveira Guilherme 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain of “
Acidibacillus ferrooxidans
,” a mesophilic, heterotrophic, and acidophilic bacterium that was isolated from mine spoilage subjected to accelerated weathering in humidity cell tests carried out by the former U.S. Bureau of Mines in Salt Lake City, UT.
Complete Genome Sequence of Murine Pneumotropic Virus (
Polyomaviridae
) Clone pKV(37-1)
Authors: Libbey Jane E. , Fujinami Robert S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The murine pneumotropic virus genome encoded by the pKV(37-1) clone was sequenced to completion. The regulatory region harbored a mutation not previously reported. The protein coding regions (large and small T antigens, viral proteins 1 to 3) showed multiple regions of high amino acid identity to the human, simian, and bovine polyomaviruses.
miR-29b Mediates NF-κB Signaling in KRAS-Induced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers
Authors: Langsch Stephanie , Baumgartner Ulrich , Haemmig Stefan , Schlup Cornelia , Schäfer Stephan C. , Berezowska Sabina , Rieger Gregor , Dorn Patrick , Tschan Mario P. , Vassella Erik 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A global understanding of miRNA function in EGFR signaling pathways may provide insights into improving the management of KRAS-mutant lung cancers, which remain relatively recalcitrant to treatment. To identify miRNAs implicated in EGFR signaling, we transduced bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells with retroviral vectors expressing KRASG12V and monitored miRNA expression patterns by microarray analysis. Through this approach, we defined miR-29b as an important target for upregulation by mutant KRAS in non–small cell lung cancers. Cell biologic analyses showed that pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR or MEK was sufficient to reduce levels of miR-29b, while PI3K inhibition had no effect. In KRASG12V-transduced BEAS-2B cells, introduction of anti-miR-29b constructs increased the sensitivity to apoptosis, arguing that miR-29b mediated apoptotic resistance conferred by mutant KRAS. Mechanistic investigations traced this effect to the ability of miR-29b to target TNFAIP3/A20, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling. Accordingly, overexpression of an miR-29b–refractory isoform of TNFAIP3 restored NF-κB and extrinsic apoptosis, confirming that TNFAIP3 is a functionally relevant target of miR-29b. We also noted that miR-29b could confer sensitivity to intrinsic apoptosis triggered by exposure to cisplatin, a drug used widely in lung cancer treatment. Thus, miR-29b expression may tilt cells from extrinsic to intrinsic mechanisms of apoptosis. Overall, our results reveal a complexity in cancer for miR-29b, which can act as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene depending on signaling context. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4160–9. ©2016 AACR.
Dietary Fat Intake During Adolescence and Breast Density Among Young Women
Authors: Jung Seungyoun , Goloubeva Olga , Klifa Catherine , LeBlanc Erin S. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Van Horn Linda , Dorgan Joanne F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Lack of association between fat intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies might be attributed to the disregard of temporal effects during adolescence when breasts develop and are particularly sensitive to stimuli. We prospectively examined associations between adolescent fat intakes and breast density.
Method: Among 177 women who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children, dietary intakes at ages 10–18 years were assessed on five occasions by 24-hour recalls and averaged. We calculated geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals for MRI-measured breast density at ages 25–29 years across quartiles of fat intake using linear mixed-effect regression.
Results: Comparing women in the extreme quartiles of adolescent fat intakes, percent dense breast volume (%DBV) was positively associated with saturated fat (mean = 16.4% vs. 21.5%; Ptrend &lt; 0.001). Conversely, %DBV was inversely associated with monounsaturated fat (25.0% vs. 15.8%; Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and the ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat (P/S ratio; 19.1% vs. 14.3%; Ptrend &lt; 0.001). When examining intake by pubertal stages, %DBV was inversely associated with intake of polyunsaturated fat (20.8% vs. 16.4%; Ptrend = 0.04), long-chain omega-3 fat (17.8% vs. 15.8%; Ptrend &lt; 0.001), and P/S ratio (22.5% vs. 16.1%; Ptrend &lt; 0.001) before menarche, but not after. These associations observed with %DBV were consistently observed with absolute dense breast volume but not with absolute nondense breast volume.
Conclusions: In our study, adolescent intakes of higher saturated fat and lower mono- and polyunsaturated fat are associated with higher breast density measured approximately 15 years later.
Impact: The fat subtype composition in adolescent diet may be important in early breast cancer prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 918–26. ©2016 AACR.
Abstract A154: KTN3379 overcomes ErbB3-mediated resistance of BRaf/MEK inhibition in BRaf-mutated melanoma
Authors: Ligon Gwenda F. , Lillquist Jay S. , LaVallee Theresa M. , Alvarado Diego 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
BRaf and MEK targeting drugs result in impressive tumor response rates in melanoma cancer patients, but adaptive resistance hampers the clinical benefit by limiting durability of these drugs. We used a panel of melanoma and colorectal-derived cell lines harboring activating BRaf mutations to evaluate the role of ErbB3 signaling in mediating resistance to BRaf and MEK inhibitors. Treatment of cells with vemurafenib or trametinib results in upregulation of ErbB3 cell surface levels. These cells become hypersensitive to the effects of the ErbB3 ligand NRG; addition of NRG results in a several-fold increase of phosphorylation of ErbB3 (pErbB3) and AKT (pAKT) relative to drug-untreated cells. This effect can be reverted by KTN3379- an anti-ErbB3 monoclonal antibody in clinical development- with low nanomolar IC50 values. NRG can also rescue the cytotoxic effects of BRaf or MEK inhibition making these cells resistant to treatment with BRaf or MEK inhibitors. Addition of KTN3379 re-sensitizes the tumor cells to the antiproliferative effects of vemurafenib and trametinib. Moreover, KTN3379 potentiates the antitumor effects of a BRaf/MEK inhibitor combination in an A375 mouse xenograft model. Evaluation of mRNA databases of human tumors with 403 melanoma and 2204 CRC tumors revealed a low prevalence of NRG overexpression (1.2% and 0.8%, respectively) in these tumor types where activating BRaf mutations are common. By contrast, thyroid cancer- which has a 60% prevalence of BRaf mutations- expresses high levels of NRG, supporting a potential combination of KTN3379 with a BRaf/MEK pathway inhibitor in this setting. Currently, we are evaluating the combination of KTN3379 with vemurafenib in BRaf-mutated thyroid cancer in a Phase 1 study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Citation Format: Gwenda F. Ligon, Jay S. Lillquist, Theresa M. LaVallee, Diego Alvarado. KTN3379 overcomes ErbB3-mediated resistance of BRaf/MEK inhibition in BRaf-mutated melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A154.
Abstract A189: FAK inhibition induces T cell-mediated tumor regression: A novel role for nuclear FAK in controlling Tregs via transcription of cytokine networks
Authors: Serrels Alan , Lund Tom , Serrels Bryan , Bryon Adam , Ring Jennifer , Pachter Jonathan A , Brunton Valerie G , Nibbs Robert J.B 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
It is clear that the behavior of tumors cannot be ascribed solely to cancer cell-autonomous traits that are typically monitored by tissue culture experiments. The tumor niche is composed of multiple cell types, of which only a fraction are cancer cells. It is in this context that we have discovered a completely new function of the integrin effector signaling protein Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in driving anti-tumor immune evasion. Specifically, the activity of nuclear-targeted FAK in cancer cells drives recruitment and retention of intra-tumoral regulatory T-cells (Tregs) by transcriptionally regulating chemokine and cytokine ligand-receptor networks, crucially including transcription of TGFβ2 and CCL5. In turn, these changes inhibit antigen-primed cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell activity in the tumor microenvironment, permitting survival and growth of FAK-expressing tumors. We show that immune evasion requires nuclear FAK's catalytic activity and nuclear localization, and a small molecule FAK kinase inhibitor, VS-4718, which is currently in clinical development, drives depletion of Tregs and enables CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor clearance. It is therefore likely that FAK inhibitors may trigger immune-mediated tumor regression, providing previously unrecognized therapeutic benefit. These preclinical data also suggest a novel mechanism by which a FAK inhibitor may potentiate the efficacy of checkpoint antibodies or other immunotherapeutic strategies.
Citation Format: Alan Serrels, Tom Lund, Bryan Serrels, Adam Bryon, Jennifer Ring, Jonathan A Pachter, Valerie G Brunton, Robert J.B Nibbs. FAK inhibition induces T cell-mediated tumor regression: A novel role for nuclear FAK in controlling Tregs via transcription of cytokine networks. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A189.