bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of resident involvement in outpatient otolaryngology procedures: An analysis of 17,647 cases
Authors: Baker Andrew B. , Ong Adrian A. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Sokohl Alexander D. , Clinkscales William B. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study examines the impact of resident physician participation on postoperative outcomes in outpatient otolaryngologic surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for outpatient otolaryngologic procedures performed on adult patients. Cases were analyzed with the following cohorts: attending with resident or attending without resident. Outcomes included complications, readmission, reoperation, and operative time.ResultsA total of 17,647 cases were analyzed, with 13,123 patients in the attending without resident cohort and 4,524 patients in the attending with resident cohort. The majority of patients were female (58.7%) and white (88.0%). The average age was 44 (range 16–89) years, and average body mass index was 29.0 ± 7.3 kg/m2. Total relative value units were higher in the attending with resident group 14.6 ± 12.0 compared with 10.2 ± 8.3 in the attending without resident group (P < 0.01).Univariate analysis revealed that resident participation increased complication rate (2.0% vs. 1.4%, P < 0.01) and operative time (108 ± 98 minutes vs. 60 ± 55 minutes, P < 0.01). There were no differences in readmissions (P = 0.35), reoperations (P > 0.05), or death rates (P = 0.32) between groups. Multivariate regression analysis, however, revealed that resident participation did not increase the rate of any complication, and that operative time was the only significantly impacted variable (P < 0.01).ConclusionResident surgical training remains a vital component of the current health care system. Previous research has shown that, despite increased operative time, resident participation does not significantly impact complication rates for otolaryngology procedures. This study confirms these findings in the outpatient setting, thus reassuring both the surgeon and patients that resident participation does not impact procedural safety.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2026–2032, 2017
Aragonite saturation and pH variation in a fringing reef are strongly influenced by oceanic conditions
Authors: Norzagaray‐López C. O. , Hernández‐Ayón J. M. , Calderon Aguilera L. E. , Reyes‐Bonilla H. , Chapa‐Balcorta C. , Ayala‐Bocos A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSeasonal variations of the CO2 system in seawater for coral reefs are often controlled by both chemical‐biological processes and by regional oceanographic features in combination with the residence time of adjacent water. This study reports the seasonal variability of the CO2 system along a year though dissolved inorganic carbon and pH measurements in Cabo Pulmo, a fringing reef from the Mexican Pacific. Two conditions were found on the reef: summer with the presence of Tropical Surface Water (TSW), characterized by high temperature, lower DIC levels, and a higher aragonite saturation (Ωarag); and winter with Gulf of California Water (GCW), when the opposite occurred. This seasonal variation was due to the horizontal advection of two surface water masses: Gulf of California water during winter and Tropical Surface Water the rest of the year as a result of the ocean circulation at the entrance of the Gulf of California. Therefore, the reef is significantly influenced by open ocean waters, where the depth is less than 20 m. The seasonal variability in Ωarag between months with the presence of GCW and TSW is one of the largest ranges reported in coral reefs (ΔΩarag = 0.5 units). Our results suggest that the reef community cannot modify the aragonite or pH of incoming ocean water. This might be the case in other fringing reefs, where the use of ocean acidification forecast models is suitable.
Optical mapping of nonmelanoma skin Cancers—A pilot clinical study
Authors: Yaroslavsky Anna N. , Feng Xin , Neel Victor A. 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectiveNonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common human cancer. Because these tumors often affect the face, there is a strong need for both accurate removal of these neoplasms to prevent recurrence and maximal tissue preservation to prevent cosmetic or functional deformity. Polarization‐enhanced reflectance and fluorescence imaging (PERFI) is a new bedside method that uses fluorescent chromophores to image NMSC. While the feasibility of the technique has been successfully demonstrated in ex vivo studies, this is the first pilot study to extend the use of PERFI to in vivo intraoperative imaging of NMSC.Materials and MethodsSubjects were recruited from a population of patients with biopsy‐confirmed NMSC, scheduled for Mohs micrographic surgery. Eight cases were studied. Sterile methylene blue (MB) was diluted in anaesthetic solution and infused into the peritumoral space. Digital photographs of the lesion were taken and Mohs surgery was performed. Then, the surgical bed was re‐imaged. Each excision was also imaged ex vivo and processed for routine histopathology. Optical images were processed and compared with histopathology.Results and ConclusionsThe injection of MB was well tolerated. We observed a transient blue staining of the treated area, which disappeared completely within 1 week in all of the patients. In all subjects, the contrast agent, MB, was preferentially retained in the tumor. The ex vivo images correlated well with histopathology. In vivo images qualitatively delineated the tumor margins. The results of our pilot trial indicate that PERFI may be useful for accurate and rapid delineation of NMSC during surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:803–809, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semi‐IPNs with Moisture‐Triggered Shape Memory and Self‐Healing Properties
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Chao , Xiao Yao‐Yu , Kang Yang , Li Bang‐Jing , Zhang Sheng 
Published: May 2017

Moisture or water has the advantages of being green, inexpensive, and moderate. However, it is challenging to endow water‐induced shape memory property and self‐healing capability to one single polymer because of the conflicting structural requirement of the two types of materials. In this study, this problem is solved through introducing two kinds of supramolecular interactions into semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs). The hydrogen bonds function as water‐sensitive switches, making the materials show moisture‐induced shape memory effect. The host–guest interactions (β‐cyclodextrin‐adamantane) serve as both permanent phases and self‐healing motifs, enabling further increased chain mobility at the cracks and self‐healing function. In addition, these polyvinylpyrrolidone/poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) semi‐IPNs also show thermosensitive triple‐shape memory effect.
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Diversity of aromatic hydroxylating dioxygenase genes in mangrove microbiome and their biogeographic patterns across global sites
Authors: de Sousa Sanderson T. P. , Cabral Lucélia , Lacerda Júnior Gileno Vieira , Oliveira Valéria M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAromatic hydrocarbons (AH), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are compounds largely found in nature. Aromatic‐ring‐hydroxylating dioxygenases (ARHD) are proteins involved in AH degradation pathways. We used ARHD functional genes from an oil‐impacted mangrove area and compared their diversity with other sites around the world to understand the ARHD biogeographic distribution patterns. For this, a comprehensive database was established with 166 operational protein families (OPFs) from 1,758 gene sequences obtained from 15 different sites worldwide, of which twelve are already published studies and three are unpublished. Based on a deduced ARHD peptide sequences consensus phylogeny, we examined trends and divergences in the sequence phylogenetic clustering from the different sites. The taxonomic affiliation of the OPF revealed that Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Variovorax, Bordetella and Rhodococcus were the five most abundant genera, considering all sites. The functional diversity analysis showed the enzymatic prevalence of benzene 1,2‐dioxygenase, 3‐phenylpropionate dioxygenase and naphthalene 1,2‐dioxygenase, in addition to 10.98% of undefined category ARHDs. The ARHD gene correlation analysis among different sites was essentially important to gain insights on spatial distribution patterns, genetic congruence and ecological coherence of the bacterial groups found. This work revealed the genetic potential from the mangrove sediment for AH biodegradation and a considerable evolutionary proximity among the dioxygenase OPFs found in Antarctica and South America sites, in addition to high level of endemism in each continental region.
A prediction model of radiation‐induced necrosis for intracranial radiosurgery based on target volume
Authors: Zhao Bo , Wen Ning , Chetty Indrin J. , Huang Yimei , Brown Stephen L. , Snyder Karen C. , Siddiqui Farzan , Movsas Benjamin , Siddiqui M. Salim 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis study aims to extend the observation that the 12 Gy‐radiosurgical‐volume (V12Gy) correlates with the incidence of radiation necrosis in patients with intracranial tumors treated with radiosurgery by using target volume to predict V12Gy. V12Gy based on the target volume was used to predict the radiation necrosis probability (P) directly. Also investigated was the reduction in radiation necrosis rates (ΔP) as a result of optimizing the prescription isodose lines for linac‐based SRS.MethodsTwenty concentric spherical targets and 22 patients with brain tumors were retrospectively studied. For each case, a standard clinical plan and an optimized plan with prescription isodose lines based on gradient index were created. V12Gy were extracted from both plans to analyze the correlation between V12Gy and target volume. The necrosis probability P as a function of V12Gy was evaluated. To account for variation in prescription, the relation between V12Gy and prescription was also investigated.ResultsA prediction model for radiation‐induced necrosis was presented based on the retrospective study. The model directly relates the typical prescribed dose and the target volume to the radionecrosis probability; V12Gy increased linearly with the target volume (R2 > 0.99). The linear correlation was then integrated into a logistic model to predict P directly from the target volume. The change in V12Gy as a function of prescription was modeled using a single parameter, s (=−1.15). Relatively large ΔP was observed for target volumes between 7 and 28 cm3 with the maximum reduction (8–9%) occurring at approximately 18 cm3.ConclusionsBased on the model results, optimizing the prescription isodose line for target volumes between 7 and 28 cm3 results in a significant reduction in necrosis probability. V12Gy based on the target volume could provide clinicians a predictor of radiation necrosis at the contouring stage thus facilitating treatment decisions.
Metallic nanoparticles irradiated by low‐energy protons for radiation therapy: Are there significant physical effects to enhance the dose delivery?
Authors: Heuskin Anne‐Catherine , Gallez Bernard , Feron Olivier , Martinive Philippe , Michiels Carine , Lucas Stéphane 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo identify which physical properties of nanoparticles are correlated with the survival fraction of cells exposed in vitro to low‐energy protons in combination with nanoparticles.MethodsThe Geant4 simulation toolkit (version 10.3) was used to model nanoparticles of different sizes (5–50 nm) and materials (Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Au, Pt), with or without an organic capping ensuring biocompatibility and to irradiate them with 1.3 or 4 MeV protons and 5.3 MeV alpha particles. The spectra of secondary electrons inside and at the nanoparticle surface were computed, as well as electron yields, Auger and organic capping contribution, trapping in metal bulk and linear energy transfer profiles as a function of distance from the nanoparticle center. In a next step, an in silico cell model was designed and loaded with gold nanoparticles, according to experimental uptake values. Dose to the cell was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically in 100 × 100 × 100 nm³ voxels for different radiation qualities.ResultsThe cell geometry showed that radiation enhancement is negligible for the gold concentration used and for any radiation quality. However, when the single nanoparticle geometry is considered, we observed a local LET in its vicinity considerably higher than for the water equivalent case (up to 5 keV/μm at the titanium nanoparticle surface compared to 2.5 keV/μm in the water case). The yield of secondary electrons per primary interaction with 1.3 MeV protons was found to be most favorable for titanium (1.54), platinum (1.44), and gold (1.32), although results for higher Z metals are probably underestimated due to the incomplete simulation of de‐excitation cascade in outer shells. It was also found that the organic capping contributed mostly to the production of low‐energy electrons, adding a spike of dose near the nanoparticle surface. Indeed, the yield for the coated gold nanoparticle increased to 1.53 when exposed to 1.3 MeV protons. Although most electrons are retained inside larger nanoparticles (50 nm), it was shown that their yield is comparable to smaller sizes and that the linear energy transfer profile is better. From a combination of ballistic and nanoparticle size factors, it was concluded that 10‐nm gold nanoparticles were better inducers of additional cell killing than 5‐nm gold nanoparticles, matching our previous in vitro study.ConclusionsAlthough effects from a physical standpoint are limited, the high linear energy transfer profile at the nanoparticle surface generates detrimental events in the cell, in particular ROS‐induced damage and local heating.
PLANET: An ellipse fitting approach for simultaneous T1 and T2 mapping using phase‐cycled balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Shcherbakova Yulia , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. , Moonen Chrit T.W. , Bartels Lambertus W. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of a novel, ellipse fitting approach, named PLANET, for simultaneous estimation of relaxation times T1 and T2 from a single 3D phase‐cycled balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence.MethodsA method is presented in which the elliptical signal model is used to describe the phase‐cycled bSSFP steady‐state signal. The fitting of the model to the acquired data is reformulated into a linear convex problem, which is solved directly by a linear least squares method, specific to ellipses. Subsequently, the relaxation times T1 and T2, the banding free magnitude, and the off‐resonance are calculated from the fitting results.ResultsMaps of T1 and T2, as well as an off‐resonance and a banding free magnitude can be simultaneously, quickly, and robustly estimated from a single 3D phase‐cycled bSSFP sequence. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated in a phantom and in the brain of healthy volunteers on a clinical MR scanner. The results were in good agreement for the phantom, but a systematic underestimation of T1 was observed in the brain.ConclusionThe presented method allows for accurate mapping of relaxation times and off‐resonance, and for the reconstruction of banding free magnitude images at realistic signal‐to‐noise ratios. Magn Reson Med 79:711–722, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Muscle growth: To infinity and beyond?
Authors: Counts Brittany R. , Buckner Samuel L. , Mouser J. Grant , Dankel Scott J. , Jessee Matthew B. , Mattocks Kevin T. , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTStrength increases following training are thought to be influenced first by neural adaptions and second by large contributions from muscle growth. This is based largely on the idea that muscle growth is a slow process and that a plateau in muscle growth would substantially hinder long‐term increases in strength. This Review examines the literature to determine the time course of skeletal muscle growth in the upper and lower body and to determine whether and when muscle growth plateaus. Studies were included if they had at least 3 muscle size time points, involved participants 18 years or older, and used a resistance training protocol. Muscle growth occurs sooner than had once been hypothesized, and this adaptation is specific to the muscle group. Furthermore, the available studies indicate that the muscle growth response will plateau, and additional growth is not likely to occur appreciably beyond this initial plateau. However, the current study durations are a limitation. Muscle Nerve 56: 1022–1030, 2017
A Pilates exercise program with pelvic floor muscle contraction: Is it effective for pregnant women? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dias Naiara T. , Ferreira Letícia R. , Fernandes Mariana G. , Resende Ana Paula M. , Pereira‐Baldon Vanessa S. 
Published: May 2017

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Pilates exercise program with pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction compared to a conventional intervention in pregnant women.MethodsFifty primiparous women, without gestational alterations, were randomized to the Pilates group (n = 25) and control group (n = 25). Interventions for both groups consisted of twice‐weekly sessions of 1 h each during the period between the 14‐16th and 32‐34th gestational weeks. The Pilates group performed a Pilates exercises program with the addition of voluntary PFM contraction. Mat‐based Pilates exercises were performed involving movement of the upper limbs, lower limbs and trunk in all sessions. The Control group walked for 10 min and performed strengthening exercises of the lower limbs, upper limbs, and trunk with resistance from an elastic band and body weight. Each woman was evaluated by an unblinded physiotherapist before and after intervention for primary (PFM strength using a manometer) and secondary (PFM strength using Oxford Scale, endurance and repeatability) outcomes. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to compare the groups using the baseline values as a covariate.ResultsThirty‐six women were included in the analysis. There were no differences between the groups for manometry. An increase in the PFM strength, endurance, and repeatability was only observed in the Pilates group. In addition, the Pilates group showed greater adherence to the intervention.ConclusionPilates exercise program with PFM contraction is not able to change the PFM strength assessed by manometer in pregnant women, but it improved adherence to the intervention.
Characterisation of Pomegranate‐Husk Polyphenols and Semi‐Preparative Fractionation of Punicalagin
Authors: Aguilar‐Zárate Pedro , Wong‐Paz Jorge E. , Michel Mariela , Buenrostro‐Figueroa Juan , Díaz Hugo R. , Ascacio Juan A. , Contreras‐Esquivel Juan C. , Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Gerardo , Aguilar Cristóbal N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionPomegranate‐husk is the main by‐product generated from the pomegranate industry. It is a potential source of compounds highly appreciated by different costumers. Punicalagin is the main compound present in pomegranate‐husk.ObjectiveTo characterise the pomegranate‐husk total polyphenols by HPLC‐ESI‐MS and to establish a method for the recovery of punicalagin using a medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) system.Materials and methodsThe characterisation of total pomegranate‐husk polyphenols was carried out using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Thus, 200 mg of pomegranate‐husk polyphenols were fractionated by MPLC. The isolated punicalagin was characterised by HPLC‐MS and was tested as standard reagent for the measurement of its scavenging capacity reducing DPPH and ABTS radicals.ResultsTwenty peaks were identified by analytical HPLC‐MS analysis from the pomegranate‐husk polyphenols. The main compounds were the punicalagin anomers, punicalin and ellagic acid. The MPLC method allowed three fractions to be obtained. In fraction three 39.40 ± 8.06 mg of punicalagin anomers (purity > 97.9%) were recovered. The scavenging capacity of punicalagin showed an IC50 of 109.53 and 151.50 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively.ConclusionThe MPLC system was an excellent tool for the separation of the main ellagitannins from pomegranate husk and for the isolation of punicalagin anomers. Fraction three was rich in high purity punicalagin anomers. The IC50 was obtained for DPPH and ABTS radicals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symptom appraisal, help seeking, and lay consultancy for symptoms of head and neck cancer
Authors: Queenan J.A. , Gottlieb B.H. , Feldman‐Stewart D. , Hall S.F. , Irish J. , Groome P.A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveEarly diagnosis is important in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients to maximize the effectiveness of the treatments and minimize the debilitation associated with both the cancer and the invasive treatments of advanced disease. Many patients present with advanced disease, and there is little understanding as to why. This study investigated patients' symptom appraisal, help seeking, and lay consultancy up to the time they first went to see a health care professional (HCP).MethodsWe interviewed 83 patients diagnosed with HNC. The study design was cross sectional and consisted of structured telephone interviews and a medical chart review. We gathered information on the participant's personal reactions to their symptoms, characteristics of their social network, and the feedback they received.ResultsWe found that 18% of the participants thought that their symptoms were urgent enough to warrant further investigation. Participants rarely (6%) attributed their symptoms to cancer. Eighty‐nine percent reported that they were unaware of the early warning signs and symptoms of HNC. Fifty‐seven percent of the participants disclosed their symptoms to at least one lay consultant before seeking help from an HCP. The lay consultants were usually their spouse (77%), and the most common advice they offered was to see a doctor (76%). Lastly, 81% of the participants report that their spouse influenced their decision to see an HCP.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that patients frequently believe that their symptoms were nonurgent and that their lay consultants influence their decision to seek help from an HCP.
Factors Controlling Velocity Variations at Short‐Term, Seasonal and Multiyear Time Scales, Ritigraben Rock Glacier, Western Swiss Alps
Authors: Kenner Robert , Phillips Marcia , Beutel Jan , Hiller Martin , Limpach Philippe , Pointner Eric , Volken Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study analyses the factors controlling variations in short‐term, seasonal and multiyear deformation velocity of an alpine rock glacier from data obtained over periods of 1–20 years. The Ritigraben rock glacier, in the western Swiss Alps, was monitored using tacheometry, terrestrial laser scanning, an in situ global positioning system and borehole deformation measurements. Rock glacier stratigraphy and ground temperature data were obtained from boreholes, and long‐term meteorological data (temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent) from nearby weather stations. Shearing within a distinct water‐bearing layer represents the major component of the displacement. Short‐term accelerations and seasonal velocity patterns of the rock glacier deformation appear to have been triggered by water supply to this layer. A long‐term acceleration of the rock glacier was probably also caused by increased water supply. Permafrost temperature in the rock glacier has increased slightly since 2002, yet no direct causality could be established between this limited warming and rock glacier acceleration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.