bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Digital Patient: An Emerging Platform for Health Analytics
Authors: Combs Charles Donald , Combs William Cole 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Dramatic growth in data about the human body and the human in social context combined with the progress in data analytics and modeling and simulation provide an opportunity to realize a 30‐year‐old vision for a virtual human. This virtual human, as manifested by the Digital Patient for purposes of this article, will be capable of serving as a platform for improved research, education, patient care, and drug and device testing. It will also be capable of accurately representing individuals and populations over time for purposes of screening, prevention, treatment, and analysis. The more accurate descriptor is to think in terms of a Digital Patient platform with infinite combinatorial possibilities. This article provides an overview of the major research initiatives that are underway, and the challenges that must be addressed, particularly in the aggregation of data into usable formats and models. It is based on the book,
The Digital Patient: Advancing Healthcare, Research and Education
.
Quasi‐passivity‐based adaptive stabilization for switched nonlinearly parameterized systems
Authors: Pang Hongbo , Zhao Jun 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the adaptive quasi‐passification‐based stabilization problem for a class of switched nonlinearly parameterized systems via average dwell time method. First, when all the subsystems have any same relative degree, the global practical stability is achieved by combining the recursive feedback quasi‐passification design technique with a switched adaptive control technique. The states and parameter estimation errors converge to the ball whose sizes can be reduced by choosing appropriate design parameters. Second, when the system states are unavailable for measurements, adaptive output feedback controllers are designed to stabilize the system using quasi‐passivity. The proposed output feedback controllers do not depend on any state observer. Finally, three examples show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Asymmetric Dearomatizative Diels–Alder Reaction for the Construction of Hydrodibenzo[b,d]furan Frameworks with Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Xiao Ben‐Xian , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConstructing fused hydrodibenzofuran architectures bearing a tetrasubstituted stereogenic center adjacent to an O atom is extremely difficult. Here we have developed an asymmetric dearomatizative Diels–Alder reaction using novel 2‐(3‐vinylbenzofuran‐2‐yl)ethan‐1‐one substrates and 3‐olefinic 7‐azaoxindoles. The reaction proceeds via in situ generation of a HOMO‐raised formal trienamine species with a chiral primary amine catalyst, producing highly complex tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan derivatives with vicinal tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers in moderate yields with excellent stereoselectivity (dr>19:1, up to 98% ee).magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Controllable C−H Bond Functionalization of Benzamides and Vinylidenecyclopropanes: A Directing Group Determined Reaction Pathway
Authors: Ji Cheng , Xu Qin , Shi Min 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA controllable rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation of benzamides and vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs) by changing the directing group from C(O)NH–OPiv to C(O)NH–OBoc has been disclosed, affording two different major products in good yields under mild condition, respectively. The substrate scope has been investigated and a plausible reaction mechanism has been also proposed on the basis of previous literature.magnified image
Subadult sex estimation from diaphyseal dimensions
Authors: Stull Kyra E. , L'Abbé Ericka N. , Ousley Stephen D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesMany studies on subadult sex estimation focus on elements that express sexually dimorphic features in adults. In contrast, diaphyseal dimensions have been shown to display sex‐specific differences prior to adolescence. The current study evaluates the use of diaphyseal dimensions in subadult sex estimation.Materials and MethodsEighteen postcranial measurements from six long bones were collected on Lodox Statscan radiographic images of 1,310 modern South African children between birth and 12 years of age. Linear (LDA) and flexible discriminant analysis (FDA) and logistic regression were employed with single and multiple variable models with age both included and excluded from the model. Bootstrapped cross‐validation was employed because some of the multiple variable subsets had small sample sizes. Each of the bootstrapped accuracies has an associated 95% confidence interval demonstrating the ranges in classification.ResultsClassification methods utilizing multiple variables achieved the highest bootstrapped classification accuracies (70% to 93%). The inclusion of age in the models did not consistently increase or decrease the classification accuracies. Proximal and distal breadth measurements were consistently recognized as important measurements in model creation. FDA yielded the highest overall accuracies, but the logistic regression presented with overall smaller bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals.DiscussionQuantifiable sex differences were discovered in the appendicular skeleton of children between birth and 12 years of age. The high classification accuracies were likely due to using numerous predictor variables from multiple skeletal elements, which were optimized for classification using FDA. To facilitate application, a graphical user interface, KidStats, was developed.
In Vivo Gold Complex Catalysis within Live Mice
Authors: Tsubokura Kazuki , Vong Kenward K. H. , Pradipta Ambara R. , Ogura Akihiro , Urano Sayaka , Tahara Tsuyoshi , Nozaki Satoshi , Onoe Hirotaka , Nakao Yoichi , Sibgatullina Regina , Kurbangalieva Almira , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMetal complex catalysis within biological systems is largely limited to cell and bacterial systems. In this work, a glycoalbumin–AuIII complex was designed and developed that enables organ‐specific, localized propargyl ester amidation with nearby proteins within live mice. The targeted reactivity can be imaged through the use of Cy7.5‐ and TAMRA‐linked propargyl ester based fluorescent probes. This targeting system could enable the exploitation of other metal catalysis strategies for biomedical and clinical applications.
Cation‐Selective Channel Regulated by Anions According to Their Hofmeister Ranking
Authors: Gurnev Philip A. , Roark Torri C. , Petrache Horia I. , Sodt Alexander J. , Bezrukov Sergey M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSpecificity of small ions, the Hofmeister ranking, is long‐known and has many applications including medicine. Yet it evades consistent theoretical description. Here we study the effect of Hofmeister anions on gramicidin A channels in lipid membranes. Counterintuitively, we find that conductance of this perfectly cation‐selective channel increases about two‐fold in the H2PO4−<Cl−≈Br−≈NO3−<ClO4−<SCN− series. Channel dissociation kinetics show even stronger dependence, with the dwell time increasing about 20‐fold. While the conductance can be quantitatively explained by the changes in membrane surface potential due to exclusion of kosmotropes from (or accumulation of chaotropes at) the surface, the kinetics proved to be more difficult to treat. We estimate the effects of changes in the energetics at the bilayer surfaces on the channel dwell time, concluding that the change would have to be greater than typically observed for the Hofmeister effect outside the context of the lipid bilayer.
Mechanical Trap Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Three‐Dimensional Surface Molecular Imaging of Single Live Cells
Authors: Jin Qianru , Li Ming , Polat Beril , Paidi Santosh K. , Dai Aimee , Zhang Amy , Pagaduan Jayson V. , Barman Ishan , Gracias David H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReported is a new shell‐based spectroscopic platform, named mechanical trap surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MTSERS), for simultaneous capture, profiling, and 3D microscopic mapping of the intrinsic molecular signatures on the membrane of single live cells. By leveraging the functionalization of the inner surfaces of the MTs with plasmonic gold nanostars, and conformal contact of the cell membrane, MTSERS permits excellent signal enhancement, reliably detects molecular signatures, and allows non‐perturbative, multiplex 3D surface imaging of analytes, such as lipids and proteins on the surface of single cells. The demonstrated ability underscores the potential of MTSERS to perform 3D spectroscopic microimaging and to furnish biologically interpretable, quantitative, and dynamic molecular maps in live cell populations.
Incidental capture of leatherback sea turtles in fixed fishing gear off Atlantic Canada
Authors: Hamelin Kayla M. , James Michael C. , Ledwell Wayne , Huntington Julie , Martin Kathleen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIncidental capture in commercial fishing gear is a threat to many populations of marine megafauna, including sea turtles. While research has largely focused on pelagic longline impacts on sea turtles, fixed‐gear fisheries are a significant, historically understudied source of injury and mortality.The present study assesses the interaction of endangered leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) with fixed‐gear fisheries in high‐latitude seasonal foraging habitat where sub‐adult and adult turtles aggregate.Records of leatherback‐fishery interactions (n = 205) were compiled from databases of publicly‐reported sea turtle sightings in Atlantic Canada (1998–2014) to identify the spatio‐temporal distribution of these events; to identify corresponding fisheries and gear types; and to describe the mechanics and outcomes of entanglements in fixed gear.Most reports came from coastal Nova Scotia (n = 136) and Newfoundland (n = 40), with reporting rates peaking in the mid‐to‐late 2000s. The majority of entanglements were reported during the summer months of July and August when leatherbacks are seasonally resident and several fisheries are active in continental shelf waters.Entanglements were most commonly reported in pot gear (e.g.snow crab, lobster, whelk) and trap nets (e.g.mackerel), reflecting extensive use of polypropylene lines distributed in the upper water column where leatherback foraging activity is concentrated.Given reporting biases and uncertainty regarding post‐release survivorship, entanglement mortalities should be considered a gross underestimate of true mortality rates.This study highlights both the importance of looking beyond pelagic longlines to evaluate leatherback interactions with fixed‐gear fisheries in high‐use continental shelf foraging habitat, and of involving the fishing industry in developing mitigation measures to reduce entanglement rates and associated turtle mortality.
Does full protection count for the maintenance of β‐diversity patterns in marine communities? Evidence from Mediterranean fish assemblages
Authors: Appolloni Luca , Bevilacqua Stanislao , Sbrescia Luisa , Sandulli Roberto , Terlizzi Antonio , Russo Giovanni Fulvio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Although it is widely recognized that protection may enhance size, abundance, and diversity of fish, its effect on spatial heterogeneity of fish assemblages and species turnover is still poorly understood.
Here the effect of full protection within a Mediterranean marine protected area on β‐diversity patterns of fish assemblages along a depth gradient comparing a no‐take zone with multiple unprotected areas is explored. The no‐take zone showed significantly higher synecological parameters, higher β‐diversity among depths, and lower small‐scale heterogeneity of fish assemblages relative to unprotected areas.
Such patterns might likely depend on the high level of fishing pressure outside the no‐take zone, as also abundance‐biomass curves seemed to indicate. Results suggested that full protection could play a role in maintaining high β‐diversity, thus reducing the fragility of marine communities and ecosystems, and spatial heterogeneity may represent a reliable predictor of how management actions could provide insurance against undesirable phase shifts.
Hamburger Sternwarte plate archives: Historic long‐term variability study of active galaxies based on digitized photographic plates
Authors: Wertz M. , Horns D. , Groote D. , Tuvikene T. , Czesla S. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAt the Hamburger Sternwarte, an effort was started in 2010 with the aim of digitizing its more than 45,000 photographic plates and films stored in its plate archives. At the time of writing, more than 31,000 plates have already been made available on the Internet for researchers, historians, and the interested public.Materials and MethodsThe digitization process and the Internet presentation of the plates and accompanying handwritten material (plate envelopes, logbooks, observer notes) are presented here. To fully exploit the unique photometric and astrometric data, stored on the plates, further processing steps are required including registering the plate to celestial coordinates, masking of the plates, and a calibration of the photoemulsion darkening curve. To demonstrate the correct functioning of these procedures, historical light curves of two bright BL Lac‐type active galactic nuclei are extracted.ResultsThe resulting light curve of the blazar 1ES 1215+303 exhibits a large decrease in the magnitude from to in about 300 days, which proves the variability in the optical region. Furthermore, we compare the measured magnitudes for the quasar 3C 273 with contemporaneous measurements and find good agreement.
Parallel experimental design and multivariate analysis provides efficient screening of cell culture media supplements to improve biosimilar product quality
Authors: Brühlmann David , Sokolov Michael , Butté Alessandro , Sauer Markus , Hemberger Jürgen , Souquet Jonathan , Broly Hervé , Jordan Martin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTRational and high‐throughput optimization of mammalian cell culture media has a great potential to modulate recombinant protein product quality. We present a process design method based on parallel design‐of‐experiment (DoE) of CHO fed‐batch cultures in 96‐deepwell plates to modulate monoclonal antibody (mAb) glycosylation using medium supplements. To reduce the risk of losing valuable information in an intricate joint screening, 17 compounds were separated into five different groups, considering their mode of biological action. The concentration ranges of the medium supplements were defined according to information encountered in the literature and in‐house experience. The screening experiments produced wide glycosylation pattern ranges. Multivariate analysis including principal component analysis and decision trees was used to select the best performing glycosylation modulators. Subsequent D‐optimal quadratic design with four factors (three promising compounds and temperature shift) in shake tubes confirmed the outcome of the selection process and provided a solid basis for sequential process development at a larger scale. The glycosylation profile with respect to the specifications for biosimilarity was greatly improved in shake tube experiments: 75% of the conditions were equally close or closer to the specifications for biosimilarity than the best 25% in 96‐deepwell plates. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1448–1458. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of the influence of surgical margin and adjuvant radiotherapy on local recurrence after resection of sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis
Authors: Janssen M L , van Broekhoven D L M , Cates J M M , Bramer W M , Nuyttens J J , Gronchi A , Salas S , Bonvalot S , Grünhagen D J , Verhoef C 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Extra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm that is usually managed conservatively. When treatment is indicated, it typically involves surgical resection, possibly with adjuvant radiotherapy. The indications for postoperative radiotherapy and its effectiveness are unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of surgical resection margins and adjuvant radiotherapy on rates of recurrence of DF.

Methods
Literature published between 1999 and 2015 was extracted from MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Recurrence rate was analysed by meta-analysis and compared between subgroups.

Results
Sixteen reports were included, consisting of a total of 1295 patients with DF. In patients treated by surgical resection alone, the risk of local recurrence was almost twofold higher for those with microscopically positive resection margins (risk ratio (RR) 1·78, 95 per cent c.i. 1·40 to 2·26). Adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery with negative margins had no detectable benefit on recurrence. In contrast, after incomplete surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy improved recurrence rates both in patients with primary tumours (RR 1·54, 1·05 to 2·27) and in those with recurrent DF (RR 1·60, 1·12 to 2·28).

Conclusion
DF resected with microscopically positive margins has a higher risk of recurrence. Adjuvant radiotherapy appears to reduce the risk of recurrence after incomplete surgical resection, particularly in patients with recurrent tumours.
Immunohistochemical hENT1 expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy
Authors: Bird N T E , Elmasry M , Jones R , Psarelli E , Dodd J , Malik H , Greenhalf W , Kitteringham N , Ghaneh P , Neoptolemos J P , Palmer D 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENTs) are transmembranous proteins that facilitate the uptake of nucleosides and nucleoside analogues, such as gemcitabine, into the cell. The abundance of hENT1 transporters in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) might make hENT1 a potential biomarker of response to adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to see whether hENT1 expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was a suitable predictive marker for subsequent treatment with gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods
A systematic review was performed, searching databases from January 1997 to January 2016. Articles pertaining to hENT1 immunohistochemical analysis in resected PDAC specimens from patients who subsequently underwent adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy were identified. Eligible studies were required to contain survival data, reporting specifically overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with associated hazard ratios (HRs) stratified by hENT1 status.

Results
Of 42 articles reviewed, eight were suitable for review, with seven selected for quantitative meta-analysis. The total number of patients included in the meta-analysis was 770 (405 hENT1-negative, 365 hENT1-positive). Immunohistochemically detected hENT1 expression was significantly associated with both prolonged DFS (HR 0·58, 95 per cent c.i. 0·42 to 0·79) and OS (HR 0·52, 0·38 to 0·72) in patients receiving adjuvant gemcitabine but not those having fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy.

Conclusion
Expression of hENT1 is a suitable prognostic biomarker in patients undergoing adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
Assessing the Effects of Climate Change Regulations on the Business Community: A System Dynamic Approach
Authors: Tsalis Thomas A. , Nikolaou Ioannis E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBased on the business environmental literature and system dynamics, this paper develops a simulation model for managing the business risks derived from climate change. In particular, the purpose of this paper is to transform the valuable findings from the literature regarding climate change and corporate implications into an effective business management model with a broad applicability, regardless of the size of the business or the sector in which it operates. A methodology consistent with the basic principles of the system dynamic modeling process is developed, and a case study is designed to determine the level of completeness of the simulation model and its ability to address different aspects of business performance. To do so, three different scenarios have been simulated to analyze the reactive, proactive and inactive stance of managers against climate change risks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
“It's just heart breaking”: Doing inclusive political solidarity or ambivalent paternalism through sympathetic discourse within the “refugee crisis” debate
Authors: Nightingale Alastair , Quayle Michael , Muldoon Orla 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article explores how people do sympathetic talk in relation to the European “refugee crisis.” The analysis was grounded in critical discursive psychology and also drew on the concept of affective–discursive practice. Data was retrieved from a phone‐in program on Irish national radio over a 6‐month period when the refugee crisis debate was at its height. It is shown that speakers deployed elaborate sympathetic repertoires with ease that described their normative emotional response to the plight of the asylum seekers. But these same speakers found it problematic to present explicit, unambiguous, and unconditional calls of inclusive political solidarity with the asylum seekers, advocating increased asylum provision in Ireland. These findings are discussed in light of the hostile affective–discursive environment towards asylum and the common sense understanding that nation‐states have the moral right to exclude, which appears to constrain the talk to a position of ambivalent paternalism.
Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on bovine cumulus–oocyte complex in vitro
Authors: Nikoloff Noelia , Pascua Ana M. , Anchordoquy Juan M. , Anchordoquy Juan P. , Sirini Matías A. , Seoane Analia , Furnus Cecilia C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes. The concentrations tested in all experiments were 1 nM, 1 μM, and 1 mM EPA. The effect of EPA was evaluated on cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COC) by oocyte maturation (cumulus expansion area and oocyte nuclear maturation), genotoxicity [single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)], and cytotoxicity (apoptosis, viability, and MTT assays) end points. The maturation parameters were affected by exposure of COC to different EPA concentrations in the IVM medium. Cumulus expansion area increased in the presence of 1 nM EPA (P < 0.05) whereas addition of 1 nM EPA (P < 0.05) decreased cumulus expansion after 24 h of IVM. Moreover, the maturation rate significantly decreased when 1 mM of EPA was assayed (P < 0.001). EPA at 1 nM induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on bovine cumulus cells (CC) and primary DNA lesions (P < 0.001). A significant increase in the frequency of apoptotic (P < 0.01) and necrotic (P < 0.001) cells was observed after 24 h of treatment with 1 nM, 1 μM, and 1 mM EPA. Mitochondrial activity was altered with 1 mM EPA (P < 0.001). We inferred that optimal oocyte quality was partially dependent on the presence of adequate EPA concentrations; EPA could be beneficial to improve oocyte quality in the maturation process, because low concentration tested (1 nM EPA) improved cumulus expansion.