bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-spatial-resolution mapping of precipitable water vapour using SAR
interferograms, GPS observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis
Authors: Tang Wei , Liao Mingsheng , Zhang Lu , Li Wei , Yu Weimin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A high spatial and temporal resolution of the precipitable water vapour (PWV) in the atmosphere is a key requirement for the short-scale weather forecasting and climate research. The aim of this work is to derive temporally differenced maps of the spatial distribution of PWV by analysing the tropospheric delay "noise" in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). Time series maps of differential PWV were obtained by processing a set of ENVISAT ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) images covering the area of southern California, USA from 6 October 2007 to 29 November 2008. To get a more accurate PWV, the component of hydrostatic delay was calculated and subtracted by using ERA-Interim reanalysis products. In addition, the ERA-Interim was used to compute the conversion factors required to convert the zenith wet delay to water vapour. The InSAR-derived differential PWV maps were calibrated by means of the GPS PWV measurements over the study area. We validated our results against the measurements of PWV derived from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) which was located together with the ASAR sensor on board the ENVISAT satellite. Our comparative results show strong spatial correlations between the two data sets. The difference maps have Gaussian distributions with mean values close to zero and standard deviations below 2 mm. The advantage of the InSAR technique is that it provides water vapour distribution with a spatial resolution as fine as 20 m and an accuracy of ∼ 2 mm. Such high-spatial-resolution maps of PWV could lead to much greater accuracy in meteorological understanding and quantitative precipitation forecasts. With the launch of Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B satellites, every few days (6 days) new SAR images can be acquired with a wide swath up to 250 km, enabling a unique operational service for InSAR-based water vapour maps with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
Ozone profiles above Kiruna from two ground-based radiometers
Authors: Ryan Niall J. , Walker Kaley A. , Raffalski Uwe , Kivi Rigel , Gross Jochen , Manney Gloria L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper presents new atmospheric ozone concentration profiles retrieved from measurements made with two ground-based millimetre-wave radiometers in Kiruna, Sweden. The instruments are the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer (KIMRA) and the Millimeter wave Radiometer 2 (MIRA 2). The ozone concentration profiles are retrieved using an optimal estimation inversion technique, and they cover an altitude range of  ∼ 16–54 km, with an altitude resolution of, at best, 8 km. The KIMRA and MIRA 2 measurements are compared to each other, to measurements from balloon-borne ozonesonde measurements at Sodankylä, Finland, and to measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite. KIMRA has a correlation of 0.82, but shows a low bias, with respect to the ozonesonde data, and MIRA 2 shows a smaller magnitude low bias and a 0.98 correlation coefficient. Both radiometers are in general agreement with each other and with MLS data, showing high correlation coefficients, but there are differences between measurements that are not explained by random errors. An oscillatory bias with a peak of approximately ±1 ppmv is identified in the KIMRA ozone profiles over an altitude range of  ∼ 18–35 km, and is believed to be due to baseline wave features that are present in the spectra. A time series analysis of KIMRA ozone for winters 2008–2013 shows the existence of a local wintertime minimum in the ozone profile above Kiruna. The measurements have been ongoing at Kiruna since 2002 and late 2012 for KIMRA and MIRA 2, respectively.
Disentangling timing and amplitude errors in streamflow simulations
Authors: Seibert Simon Paul , Ehret Uwe , Zehe Erwin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This article introduces an improvement in the Series Distance (SD) approach for the improved discrimination and visualization of timing and magnitude uncertainties in streamflow simulations. SD emulates visual hydrograph comparison by distinguishing periods of low flow and periods of rise and recession in hydrological events. Within these periods, it determines the distance of two hydrographs not between points of equal time but between points that are hydrologically similar. The improvement comprises an automated procedure to emulate visual pattern matching, i.e. the determination of an optimal level of generalization when comparing two hydrographs, a scaled error model which is better applicable across large discharge ranges than its non-scaled counterpart, and "error dressing", a concept to construct uncertainty ranges around deterministic simulations or forecasts. Error dressing includes an approach to sample empirical error distributions by increasing variance contribution, which can be extended from standard one-dimensional distributions to the two-dimensional distributions of combined time and magnitude errors provided by SD. In a case study we apply both the SD concept and a benchmark model (BM) based on standard magnitude errors to a 6-year time series of observations and simulations from a small alpine catchment. Time–magnitude error characteristics for low flow and rising and falling limbs of events were substantially different. Their separate treatment within SD therefore preserves useful information which can be used for differentiated model diagnostics, and which is not contained in standard criteria like the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. Construction of uncertainty ranges based on the magnitude of errors of the BM approach and the combined time and magnitude errors of the SD approach revealed that the BM-derived ranges were visually narrower and statistically superior to the SD ranges. This suggests that the combined use of time and magnitude errors to construct uncertainty envelopes implies a trade-off between the added value of explicitly considering timing errors and the associated, inevitable time-spreading effect which inflates the related uncertainty ranges. Which effect dominates depends on the characteristics of timing errors in the hydrographs at hand. Our findings confirm that Series Distance is an elaborated concept for the comparison of simulated and observed streamflow time series which can be used for detailed hydrological analysis and model diagnostics and to inform us about uncertainties related to hydrological predictions.
Remarks on the Literary Portrait of the Photographer and Death
Authors: Madloch Joanna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The article presents various ways in which the character of the photographer has been linked to death in literature. The photographer is often portrayed in literary fiction as the one who witnesses, records, or even causes death. Special attention is given in this chapter to the linguistic analogy between a camera and a gun. Such words as “trigger,” “aim,” and “shoot” are used by Ernest William Hornung, Victor Sawdon Pritchett, Margaret Atwood, and Anthony Horowitz to emphasize the danger of being photographed. I argue that the fictitious photographer plays the role of a trickster-psychopomp, as the click of the camera's aperture often accompanies a dying person to the outer world. I describe how the photographer is portrayed in literature as the one who gets under the control of his or her apparatus and acts as a functionary of the machine that feeds on human images. The chapter concludes with the topic of death caused by the actions of paparazzo, as is portrayed in works by Leif Davidsen, Allan Russell, and Robert M. Everesz.
Adding Enhanced Services to the Internet: Lessons from History
Authors: claffy k. c. , Clark David D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We revisit thirty-five years of history related to the design of Quality of Service (QoS) on the Internet, hoping to offer some clarity to current debates around service differentiation. We describe the continual failure to get QoS capabilities deployed on the public Internet, including the technical challenges of the 1980s and 1990s, the business challenges of the 1990s and 2000s, and recent regulatory challenges. In short, while the standards community developed protocols to support enhanced services (QoS), service providers have only deployed them in intranet scenarios where they can internalize costs and benefits, rather than across fiscally distinct organizational boundaries. We examine lessons learned from this failure to deploy interdomain QoS, the resulting tensions and risks, and their regulatory implications.
La Intuición Colectiva en las cooperativas de Nicaragua
Authors: Escalante Zepeda Jorge Dimitrov 
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo surge de la necesidad de abordar desde la Psicología, la economía el tema a Intuición colectiva en las cooperativas de Nicaragua, como una necesidad de dar a conocer cómo operara la Intuición individual y colectiva en las cooperativas de Nicaragua y qué aportes hacen a la sociedad, a su colectivo comunitario y su familia. Para responder a la creencia que las asociaciones, ¿cooperativas nacen a través de un líder? Pues es menester explicar esta concepción del hombre en el mundo de las creencias y mitos. Al contrario, las asociaciones, cooperativas, gremios sociales se auto organizan a través de redes sociales donde se articulan de una manera inconsciente por la psiquis (Mente) como se auto organizan. Con este cambio de mirada de la concepción dogmática y domesticada de la sociedad en que vivimos, se tratará de explicar en este humilde articulo-ensayo como operan. Para lo cual se recurre a los postulados científicos de Carl Jung que aborda el tema desde la teoría psicológica. A los paradigmas emergentes (Holístico), tomando como referentes que sustentan este ensayo a: Boff Leonardo, Bohm, David Brockman, Capra Fritjof, Eisler Riane, Gelb, Michael, Gutiérrez Pérez Francisco, Marx Carlos, Engels Frederick, entre otros autores.
Estimación de Tres Índices de Concentración Económica: Una Aplicación al Sector Bancario en Nicaragua
Authors: Morales Rivas Oliver David , Canales Ricardo José 
Published: September 2016

El artículo presenta tres indicadores para estimar el grado de concentración económica del sector bancario en Nicaragua. Utilizando datos anuales del periodo 2007 al 2015 del Banco Central de Nicaragua. Los indicadores calculados son el índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman (en adelante IHH), el índice de Ojiva (en adelante OJV) y el índice de Dominancia (en adelante ID). Estos índices se calcularán para los activos, créditos y depósitos totales de la banca privada nacional, de modo que se tendrán tres valores respecto a cada índice de concentración: uno en relación con las cuentas de activos, créditos y finalmente depósitos. Se concluye que el sector bancario en Nicaragua es altamente concentrado, para cuentas de activos, depósitos y créditos. Los índices IHH, OJV e ID, presentan una trayectoria creciente a futuro en el nivel de concentración de esta industria en Nicaragua.
L'Église et les bulles. Les représentations du catholicisme dans la bande dessinée francophone (années 1990-2010)
Authors: Teinturier Sara 
Published: September 2016

Le paysage de la bande dessinée francophone s'est profondément transformé depuis les années 1990. Dans le même temps, la focale portée sur le religieux s'est également modifiée dans le contexte des sociétés française, belge et québécoise, traversées à la fois par un phénomène de « retour du religieux » et de détachement des institutions religieuses. Acteur et sujet de la bande dessinée tout au long du XXe siècle, le catholicisme fait-il l'objet d'un traitement particulier du 9e art au cours des deux dernières décennies ? Analyser la BD francophone à ce prisme signale les déplacements d'une religion catholique dans des sociétés désormais sorties de la « civilisation paroissiale » et acquises à la modernité, en situation d'exculturation.
Les croix de chemin du Québec et la naissance du dévotionnalisme contemporain
Authors: Kaell Hillary 
Published: September 2016

Les croix de chemin québécoises ont été décrites comme une tradition attaquée sur deux plans. D’abord, par une église modernisatrice dont l’objectif est de limiter le dévotionnalisme. Ensuite, par les adeptes de la laïcité qui tentent de créer une sphère publique religieusement neutre. Cet article explore les interactions souvent ambivalentes entre la dévotion publique et privée de même qu’entre le catholicisme et la patrimonialisation. Les questions en jeu concernent le rôle des structures préconciliaires dans le paysage bâti du Québec rural, avec le but de montrer que cette forme de dévotionnalisme est conçue par les « propriétaires » de croix de chemin comme une nouvelle façon de vivre la foi catholique au XXIe siècle.
The masquerade game: marine mimicry adaptation between egg-cowries and octocorals
Authors: Sánchez Juan A. , Fuentes-Pardo Angela P. , Ní Almhain Íde , Ardila-Espitia Néstor E. , Cantera-Kintz Jaime , Forero-Shelton Manu 
Published: September 2016

Background.Background matching, as a camouflage strategy, is one of the most outstanding examples of adaptation, where little error or mismatch means high vulnerability to predation. It is assumed that the interplay of natural selection and adaptation are the main evolutionary forces shaping the great diversity of phenotypes observed in mimicry; however, there may be other significant processes that intervene in the development of mimicry such as phenotypic plasticity. Based on observations of background mismatching during reproduction events of egg-cowries, sea snails of the family Ovulidae that mimic the octocoral where they inhabit, we wondered if they match the host species diversity. Using observations in the field and molecular systematics, we set out to establish whether the different egg-cowrie color/shape polymorphisms correspond to distinct lineages restricted to specific octocoral species.Methods.Collection and observations of egg-cowries and their octocoral hosts were done using SCUBA diving between 2009 and 2012 at two localities in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), Malpelo Island and Cabo Corrientes (Colombia). Detailed host preference observations were done bi-annually at Malpelo Island. We analyzed the DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genesCOIand16S rDNA, extensively used in phylogenetic and DNA barcoding studies, to assess the evolutionary relationship among different egg-cowrie colorations and morphologies.Results.No genetic divergence among egg-cowries associated to different species of the same octocoral genus was observed based on the two mitochondrial genes analyzed. For instance, all egg-cowrie individuals from the two sampled localities observed on 8 differentPacifigorgia-Eugorgiaspecies showed negligible mitochondrial divergence yet large morphologic divergence, which suggests that morphologies belonging to at least two sea snail species,Simnia avena(=S. aequalis) andSimnialena rufa, can cross-fertilize.Discussion.Our study system comprised background-matching mimicry, of the masquerade type, between egg-cowries (Simnia/Simnialena) and octocorals (Pacifigorgia/Eugorgia/Leptogorgia). We observed mimicry mismatches related to fitness trade-offs, such as reproductive aggregations vs. vulnerability against predators. Despite the general assumption that coevolution of mimicry involves speciation, egg-cowries with different hosts and colorations comprise the same lineages. Consequently, we infer that there would be significant tradeoffs between mimicry and the pursuit of reproductive aggregations in egg-cowries. The findings of this study not only contribute to the understanding of the evolution of mimicry in egg-cowries, a poorly studied group of marine gastropods, but also to the development of a new biologically meaningful board game that could be implemented as a learning tool.
Preferred temperature and thermal breadth of birds wintering in peninsular Spain: the limited effect of temperature on species distribution
Authors: Carrascal Luis M. , Villén-Pérez Sara , Palomino David 
Published: September 2016

Background.The availability of environmental energy, as measured by temperature, is expected to limit the abundance and distribution of endotherms wintering at temperate latitudes. A prediction of this hypothesis is that birds should attain their highest abundances in warmer areas. However, there may be a spatial mismatch between species preferred habitats and species preferred temperatures, so some species might end-up wintering in sub-optimal thermal environments.Methods.We model the influence of minimum winter temperature on the relative abundance of 106 terrestrial bird species wintering in peninsular Spain, at 10 ×10 km2resolution, using 95%-quantile regressions. We analyze general trends across species on the shape of the response curves, the environmental preferred temperature (at which the species abundance is maximized), the mean temperature in the area of distribution and the thermal breadth (area under the abundance-temperature curve).Results.Temperature explains a low proportion of variation in abundance. The most significant effect is on limiting the maximum potential abundance of species. Considering this upper-limit response, there is a large interspecific variability on the thermal preferences and specialization of species. Overall, there is a preponderance of positive relationships between species abundance and temperature; on average, species attain their maximum abundances in areas 1.9 °C warmer than the average temperature available in peninsular Spain. The mean temperature in the area of distribution is lower than the thermal preferences of the species.Discussion.Many species prefer the warmest areas to overwinter, which suggests that temperature imposes important restrictions to birds wintering in the Iberian Peninsula. However, one third of species overwinter in locations colder than their thermal preferences, probably reflecting the interaction between habitat and thermal requirements. There is a high inter-specific variation in the versatility of species using the available thermal space, and the limited effect of temperature highlights the role of other environmental factors determining species abundance.
fluff: exploratory analysis and visualization of high-throughput sequencing data
Authors: Georgiou Georgios , van Heeringen Simon J. 
Published: September 2016

Summary.In this article we describe fluff, a software package that allows for simple exploration, clustering and visualization of high-throughput sequencing data mapped to a reference genome. The package contains three command-line tools to generate publication-quality figures in an uncomplicated manner using sensible defaults. Genome-wide data can be aggregated, clustered and visualized in a heatmap, according to different clustering methods. This includes a predefined setting to identify dynamic clusters between different conditions or developmental stages. Alternatively, clustered data can be visualized in a bandplot. Finally, fluff includes a tool to generate genomic profiles. As command-line tools, the fluff programs can easily be integrated into standard analysis pipelines. The installation is straightforward and documentation is available athttp://fluff.readthedocs.org.Availability.fluff is implemented in Python and runs on Linux. The source code is freely available for download athttps://github.com/simonvh/fluff.
ProbioticBacillus coagulansGBI-30, 6086 reduces exercise-induced muscle damage and increases recovery
Authors: Jäger Ralf , Shields Kevin A. , Lowery Ryan P. , De Souza Eduardo O. , Partl Jeremy M. , Hollmer Chase , Purpura Martin , Wilson Jacob M. 
Published: September 2016

Objective.Probiotics have been reported to support healthy digestive and immune function, aid in protein absorption, and decrease inflammation. Further, a trend to increase vertical jump power has been observed following co-administration of protein and probiotics in resistance-trained subjects. However, to date the potential beneficial effect of probiotics on recovery from high intensity resistance exercise have yet to be explored. Therefore, this study examined the effect of co-administration of protein and probiotics on muscle damage, recovery and performance following a damaging exercise bout.Design.Twenty nine (n= 29) recreationally-trained males (mean ± SD; 21.5 ± 2.8 years; 89.7 ± 28.2 kg; 177.4 ± 8.0 cm) were assigned to consume either 20 g of casein (PRO) or 20 g of casein plus probiotic (1 billion CFUBacillus coagulansGBI-30, 6086, PROBC) in a crossover, diet-controlled design. After two weeks of supplementation, perceptional measures, athletic performance, and muscle damage were analyzed following a damaging exercise bout.Results.The damaging exercise bout significantly increased muscle soreness, and reduced perceived recovery; however, PROBC significantly increased recovery at 24 and 72 h, and decreased soreness at 72 h post exercise in comparison to PRO. Perceptual measures were confirmed by increases in CK (PRO: +266.8%,p= 0.0002; PROBC: +137.7%,p= 0.01), with PROBC showing a trend towards reduced muscle damage (p= 0.08). The muscle-damaging exercise resulted in significantly increased muscle swelling and Blood Urea Nitrogen levels in both conditions with no difference between groups. The strenuous exercise significantly reduced athletic performance in PRO (Wingate Peak Power; PRO: (−39.8 watts, −5.3%,p= 0.03)), whereas PROBC maintained performance (+10.1 watts, +1.7%).Conclusions.The results provide evidence that probiotic supplementation in combination with protein tended to reduce indices of muscle damage, improves recovery, and maintains physical performance subsequent to damaging exercise.
Atomistic‐scale investigation of effective stress principle of saturated porous materials by molecular dynamics
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liu Zhen , Deng Peng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe effective stress principle is one of the most fundamental concepts in the mechanics of porous materials. Several mathematical expressions have been proposed for this fundamental principle, leading to unsettled debates on the validity and applicability of the principle and its mathematical descriptions. Recent developments in atomistic modeling techniques make it possible to understand multiphase systems at the atomistic scale. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation is explored as a tool to investigate the stress formulation in porous materials. A molecular dynamics framework, including molecular models of phases, interatomic potentials, initial configuration, and simulation procedure, is presented. Numerical simulations based on the framework preliminarily show the validity of the effective stress principle at the atomistic scale. Furthermore, the effectiveness of typical expressions for the principle is investigated.