bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the use of an image‐based technique to measure gully erosion at Sparacia experimental area
Authors: Di Stefano Costanza , Ferro Vito , Palmeri Vincenzo , Pampalone Vincenzo , Agnello Fabrizio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe first part of this investigation was aimed at testing the use of a three‐dimensional (3D) digital terrain model and a quasi‐tridimensional (2.5D) digital elevation model obtained by a large series of oblique images of eroded channels taken from consumer un‐calibrated and non‐metric cameras. For two closed earth channels having a different sinuosity, the ground measurement of some cross sections by a profilometer (P) was carried out and their real volume was also measured. The comparison among the three methods (3D, 2.5D, and P) pointed out that a limited underestimation of the total volume always occurs and that the 3D method is characterized by the minimum difference between measured and real volume. For this reason, 3D model can be used as benchmark. In the subsequent part of the investigation, the three ground measurement methods were applied for surveying of an ephemeral gully (EG) channel at the Sparacia area. The morphological and hydraulic variable values of the 24 surveyed cross sections determined by both 2.5D model and profilometer were compared. This comparison showed that the estimate error is generally less than ±10%. The EG measurements carried out by the three methods supported the applicability both of the empirical relationship between EG length and its eroded volume and the theoretical dimensionless relationship among the morphological variables describing the channelized erosion process. Finally, it was demonstrated that the effect of the distance interval on the EG volume measurement by 3D and 2.5D models is negligible for the investigated EG.
Dynamics of dissolved major (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Si) and trace (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr) elements along the lower Orinoco River
Authors: Mora Abrahan , Mahlknecht Jürgen , Baquero Juan Carlos , Laraque Alain , Alfonso Juan A. , Pisapia Daniel , Balza Laura 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study addresses the changes in dissolved major and trace element concentrations along the Orinoco River, including the mixing zone between the Orinoco and Apure Rivers. Water samples from the Apure and Orinoco Rivers were collected monthly in four sectors over a period of 15 months. Auxiliary parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature), total suspended sediments, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and major (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Si) and trace (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr) element concentrations were measured in all sectors. The relative contribution of both rivers after the Apure–Orinoco confluence was determined using Ca as a tracer. Moreover, a mixing model was developed to determine whether dissolved species exhibit a conservative behavior during mixing. The results indicate that DOC is removed from waters during the Apure–Orinoco mixing, probably due to absorption of DOC on mineral phases supplied by the Apure River. Dissolved Na, Ca, and Mg behave conservatively during the mixing processes, and their concentrations are controlled by a dilution process. The anomaly in the temporal pattern of K in the Orinoco is caused by the input of biogenic K originating from the Apure River during the high‐water stage. The loss of dissolved Si during the low‐water stage can be explained by the uptake of Si by diatoms. Dissolved Mn, Zn, Al, and Fe showed a non‐conservative behavior during the Apure–Orinoco mixing. The removal of Mn and Zn from the dissolved phase can be explained by the formation of Mn‐oxyhydroxides and the scavenging of Zn onto Mn oxides. Dissolved Fe is controlled by redox processes, although the removals of Fe and Al due to the preferential adsorption of large organometallic complexes by mineral surfaces after the Apure–Orinoco confluence can affect the mobility of both elements during transport. The conservative behavior shown by Cu and Cr can be related to the tendency of both elements to be complexed with small organic colloids, which are not preferentially adsorbed by clays.
Application of ecosystem services in natural resource management decision making
Authors: Moore David W , Booth Pieter , Alix Anne , Apitz Sabine E , Forrow David , Huber-Sannwald Elisabeth , Jayasundara Nishad 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

An ecosystem services (ES) approach to natural resource management (NRM) can provide the framework for balancing economic, ecological, and societal drivers in decision making. The efficacy of such an approach depends on the successful execution of several key activities, from early and continuous engagement with relevant stakeholders, to development and application of ecological production functions (EPFs), to explicit recognition of uncertainty in the process. Although there are obstacles to the implementation of an ES approach in NRM, including unclear regulatory and policy frameworks and the paucity of useful EPFs, many of the tools are currently available or sufficiently developed. An ES approach can and, in some cases, should involve qualitative rather than quantitative assessment when the stakes are not very high or when quantitative approaches would not be cost effective because of highly uncertain results. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:74–84. © 2016 SETAC.

Key Points
We provide practical guidance for application of ecosystem services (ES) in natural resource management (NRM) decision making. We summarize the current state of the science and provide case study examples of the application of ES approaches in NRM decision making. We identify data gaps and potential impediments to be addressed to facilitate broader, more routine application of ES in NRM decision making.
Hsp90 inhibition ameliorates CD4+ T cell‐mediated acute Graft versus Host disease in mice
Authors: Berges Carsten , Kerkau Thomas , Werner Sandra , Wolf Nelli , Winter Nadine , Hünig Thomas , Einsele Hermann , Topp Max S. , Beyersdorf Niklas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionFor many patients with leukemia only allogeneic bone marrow transplantion provides a chance of cure. Co‐transplanted mature donor T cells mediate the desired Graft versus Tumor (GvT) effect required to destroy residual leukemic cells. The donor T cells very often, however, also attack healthy tissue of the patient inducing acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD)—a potentially life‐threatening complication.MethodsTherefore, we used the well established C57BL/6 into BALB/c mouse aGvHD model to evaluate whether pharmacological inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) would protect the mice from aGvHD.ResultsTreatment of the BALB/c recipient mice from day 0 to +2 after allogeneic CD4+ T cell transplantation with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐(dimethylaminoethylamino)‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG) partially protected the mice from aGvHD. DMAG treatment was, however, insufficient to prolong overall survival of leukemia‐bearing mice after transplantation of allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Ex vivo analyses and in vitro experiments revealed that DMAG primarily inhibits conventional CD4+ T cells with a relative resistance of CD4+ regulatory and CD8+ T cells toward Hsp90 inhibition.ConclusionsOur data, thus, suggest that Hsp90 inhibition might constitute a novel approach to reduce aGvHD in patients without abrogating the desired GvT effect.
Immunomodulatory effects of metal salts at sub‐toxic concentrations
Authors: Steinborn Carmen , Diegel Christoph , Garcia‐Käufer Manuel , Gründemann Carsten , Huber Roman 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBecause different metals are used in complementary medicine for the treatment of diseases related to a dysfunction of the immune system, this study aimed at determining the immunomodulatory potential of Pb(NO3)2, AuCl3, Cu(NO3)2, HgCl2, AgNO3, SnCl2, AsCl3 and SbCl3 at sub‐toxic concentrations and at assessing possible toxic side effects of low‐concentrated metal preparations. The influence of the metal salts on primary human mononuclear cells was analyzed by measuring cell viability using the water‐soluble tetrazolium salt assay, apoptosis and necrosis induction by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and proliferation by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining and flow cytometry. Effects on T‐cell activation were assessed with CD69 and CD25 expression using flow cytometry whereas CD83, CD86 and CD14 expression was measured to evaluate the influence on dendritic cell maturation. Alterations of interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ secretion were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and genotoxic effects were analyzed using the comet assay. At sub‐toxic concentrations retardation of T‐cell proliferation was caused by Pb(NO3)2, AuCl3 and Cu(NO3)2 and inhibitory effects on interleukin‐2 secretion were measured after incubation with Pb(NO3)2, AuCl3, Cu(NO3)2, HgCl2 and AsCl3. Cu(NO3)2 had immunosuppressive activity at dosages within the serum reference range for copper. All other metal salts showed effects at dosages above upper serum limits of normal. Therefore, only low‐concentrated copper preparations are promising to have immunomodulatory potential. Toxic side effects of metal preparations used in complementary medicine are improbable because upper limits of metals set in the drinking water ordinance are either not exceeded or the duration of their application is limited. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a cell‐free method using collagen vitrigel incorporating TGF‐β1 on articular cartilage repair in a rabbit osteochondral defect model
Authors: Maruki Hideyuki , Sato Masato , Takezawa Toshiaki , Tani Yoshiki , Yokoyama Munetaka , Takahashi Takumi , Toyoda Eriko , Okada Eri , Aoki Shigehisa , Mochida Joji , Kato Yoshiharu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe studied the ability of collagen vitrigel material to repair cartilage in vivo when used alone or with transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). We measured the time course and quantity of TGF‐β1 released from the collagen vitrigel in vitro to quantify the controlled release of TGF‐β1. Over 14 days, 0.91 ng of TGF‐β was released from the collagen vitrigel. Osteochondral defects were made in the femoral trochlear groove in 36 Japanese white rabbits, which were divided into three groups: untreated group (group A), collagen vitrigel‐implanted group (group B), and TGF‐β1‐incorporated collagen vitrigel‐implanted group (group C). The weight distribution ratio between the affected and unaffected limbs served as an indicator of pain. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, and their tissues were assessed histologically. The weight distribution ratio increased in all groups and did not differ significantly between groups at 12 weeks. Group A needed 6 weeks to attain maximum improvement, and groups B and C showed near‐maximum improvement at 4 and 2 weeks, respectively. The International Cartilage Repair Society II score improved significantly in group C relative to the other groups. These findings suggest that sustained, slow release of TGF‐β caused early pain mitigation and cartilage repair. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2592–2602, 2017.
Pharmacologically Inactive Bisphosphonates as an Alternative Strategy for Targeting Osteoclasts: In Vivo Assessment of 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine-Alendronate in a Preclinical Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastases
Authors: Schem Christian , Tower Robert J , Kneissl Philipp , Rambow Anna-Christina , Campbell Graeme M , Desel Christine , Damm Timo , Heilmann Thorsten , Fuchs Sabine , Zuhayra Maaz , Trauzold Anna , Glüer Claus C , Schott Sarah , Tiwari Sanjay 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Bisphosphonates have effects that are antiresorptive, antitumor, and antiapoptotic to osteoblasts and osteocytes, but an effective means of eliciting these multiple activities in the treatment of bone metastases has not been identified. Antimetabolite-bisphosphonate conjugates have potential for improved performance as a class of bone-specific antineoplastic drugs. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether an antimetabolite-bisphosphonate conjugate will preserve bone formation concomitant with antiresorptive and antitumor activity. 5-FdU-ale, a highly stable conjugate between the antimetabolite 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and the bisphosphonate alendronate, was tested for its therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of MDA-MB231 breast cancer bone metastases. In vitro testing revealed osteoclasts to be highly sensitive to 5-FdU-ale. In contrast, osteoblasts had significantly reduced sensitivity. Tumor cells were resistant in vitro but in vivo tumor burden was nevertheless significantly reduced compared with untreated mice. Sensitivity to 5-FdU-ale was not mediated through inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity, but cell cycle arrest was observed. Although serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels were greatly reduced by both drugs, there was no significant decrease in the serum bone formation marker osteocalcin with 5-FdU-ale treatment. In contrast, there was more than a fivefold decrease in serum osteocalcin levels with alendronate treatment (p &lt; 0.001). This finding is supported by time-lapse micro–computed tomography analyses, which revealed bone formation volume to be on average 1.6-fold higher with 5-FdU-ale treatment compared with alendronate (p &lt; 0.001). We conclude that 5-FdU-ale, which is a poor prenylation inhibitor but maintains potent antiresorptive activity, does not reduce bone formation and has cytostatic antitumor efficacy. These results document that conjugation of an antimetabolite with bisphosphonates offers flexibility in creating potent bone-targeting drugs with cytostatic, bone protection properties that show limited nephrotoxicity. This unique class of drugs may offer distinct advantages in the setting of targeted adjuvant therapy and chemoprevention of bone diseases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the polyphenols and antioxidant activity of plantain pulp (Musa paradisiacaAAB)
Authors: Jiménez‐Martínez Miriam C , Montalvo‐González Efigenia , Sáyago‐Ayerdi Sonia G , Mercado‐Mercado Gilberto , Ramírez‐de León José A , Paz‐Gamboa Ernestina , Vivar‐Vera Maria A 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe impact of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on the polyphenol (PP) content and antioxidant activity (AOX) of plantain pulp was evaluated. Pressures of 400, 500 and 600 MPa were applied to plantain pulp for 90 and 180 s at room temperature (25 °C). Polyphenoloxidase activity, extractable (EPP) and non‐extractable PP (NEPP) contents, flavonoid content and AOX (FRAP, ABTS•+) were evaluated. In addition, PP identification was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography.RESULTSPolyphenoloxidase activity was inhibited after HPP under all of the conditions studied. Increases of 110.80% and 137.40% in EPP content under conditions of 500 MPa/180 s and 600 MPa/90 s were observed with a simultaneous improvement in the AOX with increments of up to 128.71%. The treatment under conditions of 500 MPa/90 s had the highest total PP content, including the highest content of flavonoids (0.22 g ellagic acid equivalents kg−1 dry weight) and the proportion of NEPP that contained hydrolysable PPs (91.12 g gallic acid equivalents kg−1 dry weight with high AOX. The identified PPs included catechin, quercetin, gallic and hydroxybenzoic acids.CONCLUSIONHPP performed at a room temperature can be used for improving the total content of PP compounds in plantain pulp under specific pressure and time conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile preparation of polydopamine‐coated imprinted polymers on the surface of SiO2 for estrone capture in milk samples
Authors: Zheng Penglei , Zhang Bilin , Luo Zhimin , Du Wei , Guo Pengqi , Zhou Yulan , Chang Ruimiao , Chang Chun , Fu Qiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEstrone molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized through the self‐polymerization of dopamine on the surface of silica gels, which had the characteristics of mild polymerization conditions, simple reaction procedure and good specific recognition ability for estrone. The estrone molecularly imprinted polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption–desorption tests. The characterization confirmed that the imprinted polymers were successfully grafted on the surface of silica gels. Through investigating the adsorption performance, the prepared estrone molecularly imprinted polymers exhibited high adsorption capacity, fast mass transfer, as well as excellent selectivity toward estrone. The estrone molecularly imprinted polymers as the solid‐phase extraction adsorbent coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine estrone from the milk samples. The developed estrone molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography method exhibited satisfactory specificity, precision, accuracy and good linearity relationship in the range of 0.2–20 μg/mL. The developed method is simple, fast, effective and high specificity method and it provides a new method to detect the residues of estrone in animal foods.
Is the cause of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with facial schwannomas multifactorial?
Authors: Remenschneider Aaron K. , Gaudin Robert , Kozin Elliott D. , Ishai Reuven , Quatela Olivia , Hadlock Tessa A. , McKenna Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesFacial nerve schwannomas (FNSs) and vestibular nerve schwannomas (VNSs) may occupy similar locations in the internal auditory canal (IAC). Risk factors for hearing loss in patients with FNS are unknown. Similar to VNSs, we hypothesize that the size and location of FNSs do not correlate with hearing loss.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study and otopathology case review.MethodsA single institution retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with FNS was performed. Demographic data, tumor size and location, severity and type of hearing loss, and facial nerve function were analyzed. Otopathologic review of a case of FNS was also performed.ResultsThirty‐three patients with FNS were identified. Mean age was 44 years, and 61% (n = 21) were female. Nine patients had tumors involving the IAC facial nerve, whereas 24 had distal tumors without IAC involvement. Eleven patients (33%) had hearing loss, and 55% of patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) had tympanic segment tumors without IAC involvement. The presence of SNHL was not associated with IAC tumor location (P = 0.21). Maximal dimensions of FNSs were 3 mm to 42 mm, without correlation between size and SNHL severity (r = −0.017, P = 0.926). Otopathologic review of an untreated 5‐mm IAC FNS demonstrated disproportionate spiral ganglion and hair cell loss within the ipsilateral cochlea compared to the contralateral ear.ConclusionTympanic segment FNS without IAC involvement may result in SNHL. Tumor size is not associated with the presence or severity of SNHL. Otopathologic review suggests degenerative cochlear changes in FNS. Mechanisms for SNHL in schwannomas are likely multifactorial and may be unrelated to cochlear nerve compression.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1676–1682, 2017
Cycling exercise classes may be bad for your (hearing) health
Authors: Sinha Sumi , Kozin Elliott D. , Naunheim Matthew R. , Barber Samuel R. , Wong Kevin , Katz Leanna W. , Otero Tiffany M. N. , Stefanov‐Wagner Ishmael J. M. , Remenschneider Aaron K. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis1) Determine feasibility of smartphone‐based mobile technology to measure noise exposure; and 2) measure noise exposure in exercise spin classes.Study DesignObservational Study.MethodsThe SoundMeter Pro app (Faber Acoustical, Salt Lake City, UT) was installed and calibrated on iPhone and iPod devices in an audiology chamber using an external sound level meter to within 2 dBA of accuracy. Recording devices were placed in the bike cupholders of participants attending spin classes in Boston, Massachusetts (n = 17) and used to measure sound level (A‐weighted) and noise dosimetry during exercise according to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) guidelines.ResultsThe average length of exposure was 48.9 ± 1.2 (standard error of the mean) minutes per class. Maximum sound recorded among 17 random classes was 116.7 dBA, which was below the NIOSH instantaneous exposure guideline of 140 dBA. An average of 31.6 ± 3.8 minutes were spent at >100 dBA. This exceeds NIOSH recommendations of 15 minutes of exposure or less at 100 dBA per day. Average noise exposure for one 45‐minute class was 8.95 ± 1.2 times the recommended noise exposure dose for an 8‐hour workday.ConclusionsPreliminary data shows that randomly sampled cycling classes may have high noise levels with a potential for noise‐induced hearing loss. Mobile dosimetry technology may enable users to self‐monitor risk to their hearing and actively engage in noise protection measures.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:1873–1877, 2017
An association of type 1 diabetes mellitus with auditory dysfunction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Teng Zhi‐Pan , Tian Rui , Xing Fen‐Li , Tang Hui , Xu Jin‐Jing , Zhang Bing‐Wen , Qi Jian‐Wei 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo establish the relationship between the presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and auditory dysfunction in clinical settings by a systematic review and meta‐analysis of currently available published data.Data Sources and Review MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang Data were searched for eligible relevant studies up to May 2016, and the reference lists of the retrieved articles were used for additional manual search. All the articles included in this pooled analysis were determined according to the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis of pooled data was performed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included for further combined analysis. The results showed that patients with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher prevalence of hearing loss than controls (odds ratio = 49.08, 95% confidence interval = 12.03–200.31, P < 0.00001); standardized mean of differences (SMD) of pure tone audiometry at 4,000 Hz between diabetes and controls was 0.87 (Z = 2.22, P = 0.03, I2 = 95%); SMD of the latency time was 0.54 (Z = 2.69, P = 0.007, I2 = 78%) for waves III and 0.61 (Z = 2.38, P = 0.02, I2 = 86%) for wave V, respectively; and SMD of the interpeak latency time was 0.41 (Z = 2.84, P = 0.005, I2 = 39%) for waves I to III and 0.61 (Z = 2.67, P = 0.008, I2 = 81%) for waves I to V, respectively, between diabetics and controls.ConclusionOur study reveals that there is relationship between the presence of type 1 DM and an increased risk for developing mild and subclinical hearing impairment.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:1689–1697, 2017