bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous mannitol carrier prepared by non-organic solvent spray drying technique to enhance the aerosolization performance for dry powder inhalation
Authors: Peng Tingting , Zhang Xuejuan , Huang Ying , Zhao Ziyu , Liao Qiuying , Xu Jing , Huang Zhengwei , Zhang Jiwen , Wu Chuan-yu , Pan Xin , Wu Chuanbin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn optimum carrier rugosity is essential to achieve a satisfying drug deposition efficiency for the carrier based dry powder inhalation (DPI). Therefore, a non-organic spray drying technique was firstly used to prepare nanoporous mannitol with small asperities to enhance the DPI aerosolization performance. Ammonium carbonate was used as a pore-forming agent since it decomposed with volatile during preparation. It was found that only the porous structure, and hence the specific surface area and carrier density were changed at different ammonium carbonate concentration. Furthermore, the carrier density was used as an indication of porosity to correlate with drug aerosolization. A good correlation between the carrier density and fine particle fraction (FPF) (r2 = 0.9579) was established, suggesting that the deposition efficiency increased with the decreased carrier density. Nanoporous mannitol with a mean pore size of about 6 nm exhibited 0.24-fold carrier density while 2.16-fold FPF value of the non-porous mannitol. The enhanced deposition efficiency was further confirmed from the pharmacokinetic studies since the nanoporous mannitol exhibited a significantly higher AUC0-8h value than the non-porous mannitol and commercial product Pulmicort. Therefore, surface modification by preparing nanoporous carrier through non-organic spray drying showed to be a facile approach to enhance the DPI aerosolization performance.
Adjunct Perfusion Branch for Reduction of Spinal Cord Ischemia in the Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Salem Oroa , Dünschede Fritz , Vahl Christian , Dorweiler Bernhard , Youssef Marwan 
Published: May 2017

Background To analyze utilization of a perfusion branch for temporary sac perfusion to reduce the spinal cord ischemia (SCI) in the endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs).
Methods Between January 2012 and August 2016, 30 patients (18, men; median age 72 years) were treated for TAAAs with total endovascular repair using customized branched/fenestrated endografts in our institution. The median aneurysm size was 6.6 cm. Types of TAAA were: type I, 9 (30%), type II, 5 (16.6%), type III, 4 (13.3%), type IV, 6 (20%), and type V, 6 (20%). Ten patients received a perfusion branch to create an intentional endoleak, which was occluded with vascular plugs in mean interval time of 8.2 weeks (range: 6–10). Staged procedure and automated cerebrospinal fluid drainage were used in 23 (77%) and 24 (80%) patients, respectively.
Results The technical success was 97%; 107 renovisceral target vessels were revascularized (32 fenestrations, 75 branches). At the time of the planned reinterventions, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) gradients were measured between the temporarily perfused aneurysm sac and the aortic endografts, and they were significantly higher (mean gradients 42.5 ± 10 mm Hg; range: 30–60) within the aortic grafts. The in-hospital and 30-day mortality was 3.3%. The incidence of postoperative SCI was 3/20 (15%) in the standard group and 0% in the group of the perfusion branch (p = 0.28). The mean follow-up was 12 months (range: 2–51).
Conclusion We experience that the use of a dedicated perfusion branch is feasible and may serve as protective adjunct to reduce the risk of SCI in endovascular treatment of TAAA. The risk of rupture in interval appears to be low. Larger series and multicenter studies are warranted to corroborate these results.
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy in Pre-School Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children
Authors: Góis Carlos , D'Ávila Jeferson , Cipolotti Rosana , Lira Amanda , Silva Ana 
Published: May 2017

Introduction Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is more common in children with sickle cell disease, and can lead to sleep-disordered breathing.
Objectives To determine the frequency of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in pre-school children with sickle cell disease and assess the diagnostic accuracy of the sleep-disordered breathing subscale in the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children.
Method Observational study with a group of 48 children with sickle cell disease and a control group of 35 children without the disease. The children underwent oropharingoscopy and video nasal endoscopy. The parents and/or guardians answered the questions of the subscale.
Results Adenotonsillar hypertrophy was observed in 25% of the children in the study group, and in 20% of the children in the control group, with no statistical difference between the groups. The subscale score ranged from 3 to 11 in both groups. There was a statistical significance in the study group. The average was 4.79 (standard deviation [SD] ± 2.50), with 4.19 (SD ± 1.72) among the children without adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and 6.5 (SD ± 3.40) among the children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. There was also a statistical significance in the control group. The average was 5.23 (SD ± 2.81), with 4.44 (SD ± 2.2) among the children without adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and 7.87 (SD ± 2.89) among the children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
Conclusion Adenotonsillar hypertrophy was not associated with sickle cell disease in pre-school children. The subscale of sleep-disordered breathing in the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children was a useful tool for the diagnostic suspicion of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children in this age group.
Empfehlungen zur akademischen Profilierung von Global Public Health in Deutschland
Authors: Krämer Alexander , Fischer Florian 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungViele Dimensionen von Public Health sind mittlerweile global. Zur Bekämpfung von grenzüberschreitenden Gesundheitsproblemen sowie zur Förderung von Gesundheitschancen und Senkung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit auf globaler Ebene ist Global Public Health von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Zielsetzung dieses interdisziplinären Forschungsfeldes besteht darin, die Gesundheit der Gesamtbevölkerung und ihrer Subpopulationen im globalen Kontext unter Berücksichtigung einer Vielfalt von Einflussfaktoren zu verbessern. Die Bedeutung von Global Public Health soll im vorliegenden Beitrag herausgearbeitet werden. Dabei werden zentrale Themen, Konzepte und Methoden sowie Herausforderungen für Global Public Health aufgezeigt und Vorschläge zur akademischen Profilierung von Global Public Health in Deutschland unterbreitet.
Redefinition of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Schäffer Eva , Berg Daniela 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn 2015, a working group of the International Parkinsonʼs and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) presented new clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinsonʼs disease (PD). This review outlines the key insights with regard to pathophysiology, various clinical manifestations and clinical progression which form the basis for a redefinition and the new, summarized clinical diagnostic criteria of Parkinson’s disease. Essential findings, which led to the new diagnostic criteria, include (i) the recognition of the importance of non-motor symptoms, which may have a tremendous influence on the quality of life of patients and have an increasing relevance with regard to early and differential diagnosis of PD is stated. (ii) The categorization of dementia in the course of Parkinson’s disease. While there has been a clear separation between Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies so far, now a continuum is postulated which summarizes Parkinson’s disease without, with late and with early (within the first year after the occurrence of motor symptoms) dementia under the umbrella term of Lewy Body Diseases (LBD). (iii) The realization of a slowly spreading process of neurodegeneration occurring throughout different parts of the nervous system. This resulted in the definition of different phases of the disease, the preclinical, prodromal and clinical phase. In particular, the definition of the prodromal phase, characterized by different clinical parameters and further biomarkers still to be implemented, opens up new possibilities for early diagnosis and in the long run early treatment of Parkinson’s disease. (iv) The insight that the clinical phase is characterized by different forms of disease progression. For genetic variants (e. g., GBA or LRRK2) a separate clinical-genetic category is proposed, in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease subtypes should be characterized by clearly distinct prognosis, progression and/or treatment strategies. The MDS Task Force proposes to keep the current gold standard of typical clinical motor symptom presentation and post-mortem verification of α-synucleinopathy for the diagnosis of PD. The new clinical diagnostic criteria were designed using a typical clinical expert as benchmark, codifying the expert diagnostic process to make it reproducible and easily applicable. The new diagnostic criteria now contain absolute exclusion criteria, supportive criteria and “red flags” in addition to the assessment of the cardinal motor symptoms. Specific ancillary diagnostic tests (e. g., imaging techniques) can be implemented; furthermore the time course and severity of symptoms are taken into account.
Limitations of ex vivo measurements for in vivo neuroscience
Authors: Opitz Alexander , Falchier Arnaud , Linn Gary S. , Milham Michael P. , Schroeder Charles E. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Understanding the physiology of noninvasive brain stimulation requires precise knowledge of biophysical properties of brain tissue (e.g., conductivities). Numerous researchers have tried to measure these properties using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo preparations in nonhuman animals or human tissue, though findings have tended to vary across studies. We measured electric fields in the nonhuman primate brain during transcranial electric stimulation both in vivo and ex vivo. We found large changes in electric fields between in vivo and ex vivo measurements that increased with postmortem time, along with a significant effect of body temperature on electric field strength. Our findings underscore the necessity of nonhuman animal models for systematic study of brain stimulation effects under biophysically realistic conditions.
Sequential allosteric mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by the CCT/TRiC chaperone is revealed through Arrhenius analysis
Authors: Gruber Ranit , Levitt Michael , Horovitz Amnon 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Many biological machines consist of oligomeric rings that undergo conformational changes driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis. These conformational changes can take place in a concerted, probabilistic, or sequential fashion. Knowing the mode of conformational switching is important for understanding how these machines work. Here, we show that measuring the temperature dependence of the ATPase reaction of the chaperonin CCT/TRiC provides insight into its mode of switching. Our results show that ATP hydrolysis triggers sequential ‟conformational waves” in CCT/TRiC that proceed both clockwise and counterclockwise around its rings.
Cell geometry dictates TNFα-induced genome response
Authors: Mitra Aninda , Venkatachalapathy Saradha , Ratna Prasuna , Wang Yejun , Jokhun Doorgesh Sharma , Shivashankar G. V. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Cells experience distinct forces within the tissue microenvironment, and their geometry-dependent differential responses to various cytokines are important in the maintenance of their cellular homeostasis. Using micropatterned substrates to alter cell geometry, we show that TNFα stimulation results in differential nuclear localization of the downstream transcription factors and modular changes in gene-expression patterns. Our results highlight the importance of the intrinsic geometric properties of a cell in determining its response to a biochemical signal. Alterations to this cellular homeostasis may result in physiological abnormalities at single-cell level, leading to diseases like fibrosis and cancer.
Minimizing irreversible losses in quantum systems by local counterdiabatic driving
Authors: Sels Dries , Polkovnikov Anatoli 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Losses are ubiquitous in manipulating complex systems. They arise from our lack of control on the microscopic degrees of freedom of the system. A universal way to minimize losses is to consider adiabatic processes. These processes are, however, very slow, which significantly limits their power. In this work, we show how to speed up these protocols for general complex (quantum) systems. Although dissipation cannot be avoided, we show how it can be reduced significantly with only local access to the system. Applications range from quantum information technologies to preparing experiments and even controlling complicated classical systems, such as those found in nature.
Complexity and compositionality in fluid intelligence
Authors: Duncan John , Chylinski Daphne , Mitchell Daniel J. , Bhandari Apoorva 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Tests of fluid intelligence are important for their broad association with effective cognition and lifetime achievement. An enduring question concerns basic cognitive mechanisms measured in such tests. Fluid intelligence is usually measured with complex problem-solving tasks, and in such tests, we suggest that the core limit is one of cognitive segmentation, or managing complex activities by selective attention to separate, simpler parts. Here we modify traditional fluid intelligence problems to test this hypothesis and to minimize the roles of working memory capacity and mental speed. The findings suggest a cognitive interpretation for what it is that fluid intelligence tests measure, based on dynamic attentional control functions of frontal and parietal cortex.
Shape-driven solid–solid transitions in colloids
Authors: Du Chrisy Xiyu , van Anders Greg , Newman Richmond S. , Glotzer Sharon C. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Despite the fundamental importance of solid–solid transitions for metallurgy, ceramics, earth science, reconfigurable materials, and colloidal matter, the details of how materials transform between two solid structures are poorly understood. We introduce a class of simple model systems in which the direct control of local order, via colloid shape change, induces solid–solid phase transitions and characterize how the transitions happen thermodynamically. We find that, within a single shape family, there are solid–solid transitions that can occur with or without a thermal activation barrier. Our results provide means for the study of solid–solid phase transitions and have implications for designing reconfigurable materials.
Single-stranded nucleic acid elasticity arises from internal electrostatic tension
Authors: Jacobson David R. , McIntosh Dustin B. , Stevens Mark J. , Rubinstein Michael , Saleh Omar A. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Charged, flexible polymers, such as single-stranded nucleic acids (ssNAs), are ubiquitous in biology and technology. Quantitative description of their solution conformation has remained elusive due to the competing effects of polymer configurational freedom and salt-screened electrostatic repulsion between monomers. We investigate this by measuring the elastic response of single ssNA molecules over a range of salt concentrations. The data are well described by a model, inspired by a mean-field approach, in which intrapolymer electrostatic repulsion creates a salt-dependent internal tension whose interplay with the external force determines the elasticity. The internal tension can be related to the polymer’s charge spacing; thus, our results show how mesoscopic polymer conformation emerges from microscopic structure.
Molecular link between auxin and ROS-mediated polar growth
Authors: Mangano Silvina , Denita-Juarez Silvina Paola , Choi Hee-Seung , Marzol Eliana , Hwang Youra , Ranocha Philippe , Velasquez Silvia Melina , Borassi Cecilia , Barberini María Laura , Aptekmann Ariel Alejandro , Muschietti Jorge Prometeo , Nadra Alejandro Daniel , Dunand Christophe , Cho Hyung-Taeg , Estevez José Manuel 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Tip-growing root hairs are an excellent model system for deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell elongation. Root hairs are able to expand in response to external signals, increasing several hundred-fold their original size, which is important for survival of the plant. Although their final cell size is of fundamental importance, the molecular mechanisms that control it remain largely unknown. In this study, we propose a molecular mechanism that links the auxin–auxin response factors module to activation of RSL4, which directly targets genes encoding ROS-producing enzymes such as NADPH oxidases (or RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG proteins) and secreted type III peroxidases. Activation of these genes impacts on apoplastic ROS homeostasis, thereby stimulating root hair cell elongation.
Autoantibody-induced internalization of CNS AQP4 water channel and EAAT2 glutamate transporter requires astrocytic Fc receptor
Authors: Hinson Shannon R. , Clift Ian C. , Luo Ningling , Kryzer Thomas J. , Lennon Vanda A. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory central nervous system demyelinating disease (IDD). Detection of NMO-specific IgG in serum distinguishes NMO from other IDDs, enables rapid diagnosis, and expedites NMO-appropriate therapy. Binding of NMO-IgG to aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the astrocytic water channel antigen, initiates endocytosis of AQP4 and its coupled EAAT2 glutamate transporter. Sequelae potentially contributing to NMO lesions include reduced water fluxes, reduced extracellular glutamate clearance, activation of a proinflammatory astrocyte response, and complement activation. Our paper investigates early events following IgG–AQP4 interaction and demonstrates that AQP4 and EAAT2 internalization, but not astrocytic secretion of IL-6, requires astrocytic Fc receptor signaling. Selective attenuation of these signaling events offers an upstream therapeutic target.
Lsd1 prevents age-programed loss of beige adipocytes
Authors: Duteil Delphine , Tosic Milica , Willmann Dominica , Georgiadi Anastasia , Kanouni Toufike , Schüle Roland 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Over time, beige adipocytes gain a white adipocyte morphology and lose their thermogenic activity. Here we show that levels of the epigenetic eraser lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) decrease in aging inguinal white adipose tissue concomitantly with beige fat cell decline. Maintaining adipocyte-specific expression of Lsd1 in transgenic mice preserves the pool of beige adipocytes in old mice. Vice versa, using GFP reporter mice, we traced the fate of beige adipocytes and showed that adipocyte-specific loss of Lsd1 results in a premature beige-to-white adipocyte transition in vivo. Maintenance of beige adipocytes is mediated by the Lsd1 target gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Ppara) and pharmacological activation of Ppara rescues the loss of beige adipocytes in Lsd1-KO mice. Together, we identified Lsd1 as a regulator of beige adipocyte maintenance.
Photonic hypercrystals for control of light–matter interactions
Authors: Galfsky Tal , Gu Jie , Narimanov Evgenii E. , Menon Vinod M. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Light–matter interaction lies at the heart of several fundamental phenomena and technological applications ranging from photosynthesis to lasers. Current approaches to control this interaction such as optical cavities, photonic crystals, and metamaterials either rely on frequency resonance mechanisms which limit the bandwidth or suffer from poor light-coupling issues. Here we report a class of artificial media: photonic hypercrystals to control light–matter interactions. Both bandwidth and outcoupling limitations are overcome using hypercrystals. This characteristic is demonstrated through simultaneous enhancement of spontaneous emission rate (20×) and outcoupling (100×) from quantum dots embedded in the hypercrystal. This platform for broadband control of light–matter interaction will push the boundaries of applications such as ultrafast light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and quantum informatics.
Short tandem target mimic rice lines uncover functions of miRNAs in regulating important agronomic traits
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Jinshan , Yan Jun , Gou Feng , Mao Yanfei , Tang Guiliang , Botella José Ramón , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) control intricate gene regulatory networks and have been implicated in important developmental switches and stress responses. Plant miRNAs have recently emerged as promising targets for crop improvement because they can control complex agronomic traits; however, functional studies using reverse genetics have been hampered by practical difficulties. We have silenced 35 miRNA families in rice to generate a resource for discovering new functions of miRNAs and targets of agronomic improvements. As a proof of concept, we show that manipulation of a promising miRNA, miRNA398, leads to important yield improvements. Our findings also reveal important agronomic roles for several miRNAs.
Protein-mediated viral latency is a novel mechanism for Merkel cell polyomavirus persistence
Authors: Kwun Hyun Jin , Chang Yuan , Moore Patrick S. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Viral latency is required for long-term persistence and allows viruses to evade host immune surveillance. We find that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), a life-long human infection that can cause Merkel cell carcinoma, persists as a nonreplicating, silent infection owing to the continuous cellular turnover of its replication protein. Adverse cellular conditions, such as nutrient starvation, inhibit networks controlling MCV replication protein turnover and signal the virus to spread to uninfected cells or to a new host. This study describes a viral latency mechanism based on phosphorylation-regulated viral replication protein stability that may underlie chronic viral infections for some small genome DNA and RNA viruses.
Enantiomerically enriched, polycrystalline molecular sieves
Authors: Brand Stephen K. , Schmidt Joel E. , Deem Michael W. , Daeyaert Frits , Ma Yanhang , Terasaki Osamu , Orazov Marat , Davis Mark E. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Zeolites and zeolite-like molecular sieves are used as adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts to prepare a wide variety of products ranging from gasoline to monomers for polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, which is used in plastic bottles. Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fragrances, and components in food can contain chiral centers. Here, we prepare enantioenriched polycrystalline samples of a molecular sieve and show that this type of porous material can function as an adsorbent to separate chiral molecules and as a heterogeneous catalyst to perform chiral reactions. This initial demonstration proves that bulk, enantioenriched chiral zeolites and zeolite-like molecular sieves can be synthesized and that this type of solid can be used to prepare chiral, small molecules.