bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary suites, second‐class citizens: The history and geography of Calgary's most controversial housing policy
Authors: van der Poorten Kylee , Miller Byron 
Published: November 2017

Key Messages

In Calgary, unauthorized secondary suites are geographically concentrated in specific immigrant and low‐income neighbourhoods.
The majority of secondary suites are operated by absentee landlords, challenging the narrative that multi‐generational housing among immigrants dominates the secondary suite market.
Unequal power relations among landlords, community associations, oppositional neighbours, and renters shapes secondary suite policy, potentially jeopardizing the health and safety of renters.
Double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of the effect of omalizumab on basophils in chronic urticaria patients
Authors: Jörg L. , Pecaric‐Petkovic T. , Reichenbach S. , Coslovsky M. , Stalder O. , Pichler W. , Hausmann O. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundOmalizumab has been shown to be effective in treating chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The reduction in FcεRI receptor density on the surface of basophils and mast cells is thought to play a major role in its effectiveness. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial to investigate the mode of action of omalizumab in patients with antihistamine‐resistant CSU.MethodsThirty patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either 300 mg omalizumab or placebo. Four monthly applications of omalizumab/placebo were followed up with a visit 2 months after the last injection. The primary endpoint was the FcεRI receptor density change on basophils.ResultsOmalizumab led to a significant reduction in FcεRI receptor density on basophils as soon as 1 week after the first injection: baseline omalizumab vs placebo group, 80.31 ± 47.18 × 10³ vs 78.29 ± 45.09 × 10³ receptors/basophil ± SD; 1 week, 72.89 ± 47.79 × 10³ vs 27.83 ± 20.87 × 10³, P = .001. This effect continued during the treatment phase and persisted for 2 months after the last injection: 93.81 ± 56.50 × 10³ vs 21.09 ± 15.23 × 10³, P = .002. Values for basophil “releasability” and the basophil activation test (CU‐BAT) of patient serum using donor basophils were unchanged despite treatment: CU‐BAT, CD63 10.75% (7.35) in the placebo group vs 8.35% (15.20) in the omalizumab group, P = .778.ConclusionWe demonstrated a rapid reduction of FcεRI receptor density on basophils following treatment with omalizumab. Because CU‐BAT using well‐characterized, omalizumab‐naïve donor basophils did not change during the treatment phase, autoreactive serum factors seem to remain unaltered. This points towards a cellular effect of omalizumab on basophils. To predict the omalizumab response time and to monitor disease, FcεRI density and CU‐BAT might be promising cellular‐based assays.
Bayesian Word Learning in Multiple Language Environments
Authors: Zinszer Benjamin D. , Rolotti Sebi V. , Li Fan , Li Ping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInfant language learners are faced with the difficult inductive problem of determining how new words map to novel or known objects in their environment. Bayesian inference models have been successful at using the sparse information available in natural child‐directed speech to build candidate lexicons and infer speakers’ referential intentions. We begin by asking how a Bayesian model optimized for monolingual input (the Intentional Model; Frank et al., 2009) generalizes to new monolingual or bilingual corpora and find that, especially in the case of the bilingual input, the model shows a significant decrease in performance. In the next experiment, we propose the ME Model, a modified Bayesian model, which approximates infants’ mutual exclusivity bias to support the differential demands of monolingual and bilingual learning situations. The extended model is assessed using the same corpora of real child‐directed speech, showing that its performance is more robust against varying input and less dependent than the Intentional Model on optimization of its parsimony parameter. We argue that both monolingual and bilingual demands on word learning are important considerations for a computational model, as they can yield significantly different results than when only one such context is considered.
Changes in alcohol policies and practices in bars and restaurants after completion of manager‐focused responsible service training
Authors: Lenk Kathleen M. , Erickson Darin J. , Nelson Toben F. , Horvath Keith J. , Nederhoff Dawn M. , Hunt Shanda L. , Ecklund Alexandra M. , Toomey Traci L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIrresponsible and illegal serving practices at bars and restaurants, such as sales to obviously intoxicated patrons, can lead to various public health harms. Training managers of bars and restaurants in the development and promotion of responsible alcohol policies may help prevent risky and illegal alcohol serving practices.Design and MethodsWe implemented a training program for managers of bars/restaurants designed to establish and promote responsible beverage service policies/practices. The program included online and in‐person components. Bars/restaurants were randomised to intervention (n = 171) and control (n = 163) groups. To assess changes in policies/practices, we surveyed managers prior to and at 1 and 6 months post‐training. Logistic regression models assessed changes in policies/practices across time points.ResultsThe proportion in the intervention group that had written alcohol policies increased from 62% to 95% by 6 months post‐training while the control group increased from 65% to 79% (P < 0.05). Similarly, by 6 months post‐training 70% of managers in the intervention group reported they had communicated to their staff how to cut off intoxicated patrons, a significant increase from baseline (37%) and from the change observed in the control group (43%–56%). Prevalence of other policies/practices also increased post‐training but differences between intervention and control groups were not statistically significant.Discussion and ConclusionsOur training program appears to have led to implementation of some policies/practices. Additional studies are needed to determine how training can be combined with other strategies to further improve establishment policies and ultimately reduce alcohol‐related harms.
Ecological selection of siderophore‐producing microbial taxa in response to heavy metal contamination
Authors: Hesse Elze , O'Brien Siobhán , Tromas Nicolas , Bayer Florian , Luján Adela M. , van Veen Eleanor M. , Hodgson Dave J. , Buckling Angus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSome microbial public goods can provide both individual and community‐wide benefits, and are open to exploitation by non‐producing species. One such example is the production of metal‐detoxifying siderophores. Here, we investigate whether conflicting selection pressures on siderophore production by heavy metals – a detoxifying effect of siderophores, and exploitation of this detoxifying effect – result in a net increase or decrease. We show that the proportion of siderophore‐producing taxa increases along a natural heavy metal gradient. A causal link between metal contamination and siderophore production was subsequently demonstrated in a microcosm experiment in compost, in which we observed changes in community composition towards taxa that produce relatively more siderophores following copper contamination. We confirmed the selective benefit of siderophores by showing that taxa producing large amounts of siderophore suffered less growth inhibition in toxic copper. Our results suggest that ecological selection will favour siderophore‐mediated decontamination, with important consequences for potential remediation strategies.
Interleukin‐17 alters the biology of many cell types involved in the genesis of psoriasis, systemic inflammation and associated comorbidities
Authors: Krueger James G. , Brunner Patrick M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, immune‐mediated, systemic inflammatory disease that is defined by a characteristic skin reaction produced when elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐17 alter the growth and differentiation of skin cells. The pathogenesis of comorbid conditions associated with psoriasis, including psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, liver disorders, renal disease and depression, is also largely affected by inflammation. In this review, we examine the effect of IL‐17 on the inflammatory pathways in a variety of different cell types, including keratinocytes, as well as epithelial cells of the colon, kidney, gut and liver. Additionally, we investigate the role of IL‐17 in mediating the psoriasis‐associated comorbidities detailed above.
PHISTc protein family members localize to different subcellular organelles and bind Plasmodium falciparum major virulence factor PfEMP‐1
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Kaur Jasweer , Singh Amrit P. , Singh Vineeta , Bisht Anjali , Panda Jiban J. , Mishra Prakash C. , Hora Rachna 
Published: November 2017

Plasmodium falciparum encodes a novel repertoire of the Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) family of exported proteins, which play diverse roles in infected red blood cells, contributing to malaria pathogenesis. PHIST proteins are central to parasite biology and modify human erythrocytes by interacting with parasite and host proteins. Here, we have attempted to understand the localization and function of two unexplored proteins of the PHISTc subfamily, PFD1140w and PF11_0503, and compared these with a well‐characterized member, PFI1780w. We demonstrate that Phist domains assume different oligomeric states owing to a distinct array of subunit interface residues. Colocalization of a Maurer's cleft signature protein, P. falciparum skeleton‐binding protein‐1 (PfSBP‐1), and P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 (PfEMP‐1) revealed different subcellular destinations for these PHIST members. We further show the binding of recombinant PHIST proteins to the cytoplasmic tail of PfEMP‐1 and a novel interaction with PfSBP‐1. Interestingly, PFD1140w interacts with PfEMP‐1 and PfSBP‐1 simultaneously in vitro leading to formation of a complex. These two distant PHISTc members also bind PfEMP‐1 on distinct sites, despite sharing the Phist domain. Our data re‐emphasize a supportive role for PHIST proteins in cytoadhesion, and identify a new binding partner, PfSBP‐1, for members of this family. This information therefore adds another chapter to the understanding of P. falciparum biology and highlights the significance of the unexplored PHIST family.
The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity
Authors: Franks Samantha E. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Atkinson Sian , Bell James R. , Botham Marc S. , Brereton Tom M. , Harrington Richard , Leech David I. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA consequence of climate change has been an advance in the timing of seasonal events. Differences in the rate of advance between trophic levels may result in predators becoming mismatched with prey availability, reducing fitness and potentially driving population declines. Such “trophic asynchrony” is hypothesized to have contributed to recent population declines of long‐distance migratory birds in particular. Using spatially extensive survey data from 1983 to 2010 to estimate variation in spring phenology from 280 plant and insect species and the egg‐laying phenology of 21 British songbird species, we explored the effects of trophic asynchrony on avian population trends and potential underlying demographic mechanisms. Species which advanced their laying dates least over the last three decades, and were therefore at greatest risk of asynchrony, exhibited the most negative population trends. We expressed asynchrony as the annual variation in bird phenology relative to spring phenology, and related asynchrony to annual avian productivity. In warmer springs, birds were more asynchronous, but productivity was only marginally reduced; long‐distance migrants, short‐distance migrants and resident bird species all exhibited effects of similar magnitude. Long‐term population, but not productivity, declines were greatest among those species whose annual productivity was most greatly reduced by asynchrony. This suggests that population change is not mechanistically driven by the negative effects of asynchrony on productivity. The apparent effects of asynchrony on population trends are therefore either more likely to be strongly expressed via other demographic pathways, or alternatively, are a surrogate for species' sensitivity to other environmental pressures which are the ultimate cause of decline.
Paintings predict the distribution of species, or the challenge of selecting environmental predictors and evaluation statistics
Authors: Fourcade Yoan , Besnard Aurélien G. , Secondi Jean 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimSpecies distribution modelling, a family of statistical methods that predicts species distributions from a set of occurrences and environmental predictors, is now routinely applied in many macroecological studies. However, the reliability of evaluation metrics usually employed to validate these models remains questioned. Moreover, the emergence of online databases of environmental variables with global coverage, especially climatic, has favoured the use of the same set of standard predictors. Unfortunately, the selection of variables is too rarely based on a careful examination of the species' ecology. In this context, our aim was to highlight the importance of selecting ad hoc variables in species distribution models, and to assess the ability of classical evaluation statistics to identify models with no biological realism.InnovationFirst, we reviewed the current practices in the field of species distribution modelling in terms of variable selection and model evaluation. Then, we computed distribution models of 509 European species using pseudo‐predictors derived from paintings or using a real set of climatic and topographic predictors. We calculated model performance based on the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and true skill statistics (TSS), partitioning occurrences into training and test data with different levels of spatial independence. Most models computed from pseudo‐predictors were classified as good and sometimes were even better evaluated than models computed using real environmental variables. However, on average they were better discriminated when the partitioning of occurrences allowed testing for model transferability.Main conclusionsThese findings confirm the crucial importance of variable selection and the inability of current evaluation metrics to assess the biological significance of distribution models. We recommend that researchers carefully select variables according to the species' ecology and evaluate models only according to their capacity to be transfered in distant areas. Nevertheless, statistics of model evaluations must still be interpreted with great caution.
Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in hemodialysis patient treated with selective embolization: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Xie Yun , Yang Bo , Jiang Gengru , Lu Wei , Ronco Claudio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage (SPH) or Wunderlich syndrome, is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition. It is characterized by an unexpected bleeding in the kidneys and usually presents as an abdominal pain. Angiography and more recently selective renal arterial embolization are emerging as effective modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of SPH. In this article, we report a total of three cases of SPH in hemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods: This is the experience of diagnosis and treatment of SPH in HD patients.Findings: All three were female, between 37 and 54 years of age and were undergoing HD for end stage renal disease (ESRD). Two of patients presented with left flank or abdominal pain after termination of HD therapy, while the third patient presented with left abdominal pain during the dialysis session. All patients received anti‐coagulation therapy for HD, but no abnormal levels of coagulation index were found. These patients were diagnosed using CT and two of them were diagnosed with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). Selective renal arterial embolization was performed in the case of active bleeding.Discussion: We are aware that HD patients have elevated risk of bleeding related complications, additionally the presence of an acute abdominal pain increases the suspicion of SPH as a possible cause. ACKD can be considered one of the possible risk factors for SPH in long‐term HD patients. Interventional treatment for kidney injury is useful and safe for active bleeding in most cases.
Diabetes‐related complications: Which research topics matter to diverse patients and caregivers?
Authors: Dogba Maman Joyce , Dipankui Mylène Tantchou , Chipenda Dansokho Selma , Légaré France , Witteman Holly O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Although research has improved its treatment and management, little is known about which research topics matter to people living with diabetes, particularly among under‐represented groups.ObjectivesTo explore the importance of research topics among a diverse range of people living with any type of diabetes or caring for someone living with any type of diabetes.MethodsWe used a convergent mixed‐method design with quantitative and qualitative aspects. We surveyed a national sample of people living with diabetes and caregivers of people with diabetes, asking them to rate the importance of 10 predetermined important research topics. We also held three focus groups in two major cities to explore research concerns of people who are under‐represented in research.Results469 adults (57% men, 42% women) in Canada completed the online survey, indicating that all 10 areas of research mattered to them, with the highest ratings accorded to preventing and treating kidney, eye and nerve complications. Fourteen individuals participated in three focus groups and similarly noted the importance of research on those three complications. Additionally, focus group participants also noted the importance of research around daily management. No new topics were identified.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the importance of research topics among a population of people living with or caring for someone with diabetes. Findings from this study were used to inform the vision for Diabetes Action Canada—a pan‐Canadian Strategy for Patient‐Oriented Research (SPOR) Network on diabetes and its complications.
Budget over health unless overweight: A Solomon four‐group study
Authors: Yin Yue , Özdinç Yalım 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBudget and health motivations for food purchase (e.g., discounts and health consciousness, respectively) affect consumer choice while shopping and well‐being afterward. However, not all findings from research have suggested that discounts/taxations on healthy/unhealthy food encourage health‐conscious food choice. On the other hand, the consumer behaviour line of research on the influence of front‐of‐package health messages has mostly echoed similar results that such communication leads to overconsumption; thus, obesity. We examined the influence of market practices targeting consumers’ budget and health‐related motivations for food purchase in a 2 (price: recommended retail price, discount price) × 2 (product: regular potato chips, potato chips with ‘75% less saturated fat’) experiment using six Solomon four‐group designs. Our results indicate that overweight consumers are not prone to discounts, unlike their normal‐weight counterparts. A price cut nullifies the influence of health messages on purchase intentions among normal‐weight buyers when the regular and healthier packaged foods are both on discount.
Autoantibodies to full body vascular cell junctions colocalize with MYZAP, ARVCF, desmoplakins I and II and p0071 in endemic pemphigus in Colombia, South America
Authors: Abreu Velez Ana M. , Yi Hong , Warfvinge Gunnar , Howard Michael S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe previously described a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in El Bagre, Colombia (El Bagre‐EPF).MethodsHere we aimed to investigate disease autoreactivity to vessels in all body organs/systems. We compared 57 patients and 57 controls from the endemic area, matched by demographics, age, sex, and work activity. We performed immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, indirect immune electron microscopy studies, and autometallographic studies. We performed ultrasonography on large patient arteries, investigating for vascular anomalies. In addition, we reviewed autopsies on seven patients who died affected by El Bagre‐EPF. We immunoadsorbed any positive vessel immunofluorescence with desmoglein (Dsg1), investigating for new autoantigens.ResultsOverall, 57/57 patients affected by El Bagre‐EPF displayed autoantibodies to vessels in all the organs/systems of the body via all methods (P < 0.01). The autoreactivity was polyclonal, and the patient's antibodies colocalized with commercial antibodies to desmoplakins I and II, p0071, ARVCF, and MYZAP (all from Progen Biotechnik, Germany; P < 0.01; all present at cell junctions). Immunoadsorption with Dsg1 on positive vessel immunofluorescence showed that the immune response against the vessels was directed against non‐Dsg1 antigen(s). Autometallographic studies showed deposits of metals and metalloids in vessel cell junctions and in erythrocytes of 85% of patients (P < 0.01).ConclusionsImmune response to these vascular antigens is likely altering endothelial cells and vessel shapes, thus disturbing hemodynamic flow. The flow alterations likely lead to inflammation and may play a role in the atherogenesis often seen in these patients.
Training therapists to work with people with intellectual disability in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services
Authors: Dagnan Dave , Masson John , Thwaites Richard , James Amy , Hatton Chris 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundCurrent policy in the England suggests that people with intellectual disabilities should, where possible, access mainstream mental health services; this should include access to mainstream therapy services. It is likely that mainstream therapists will need training and support to work with people with intellectual disabilities.MethodSixty‐eight therapists working in an English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service received one‐ or 2‐day training on working with people with intellectual disabilities. Measures of confidence, general therapeutic self‐efficacy and attitudes to people with intellectual disabilities’ use of mainstream mental health services were completed pre‐training, post‐training and at 3‐month follow‐up; at which time, 12 participants were interviewed about the impact of the training on their practice.ResultsThere was a significant positive change in all measures immediately post‐training which was maintained at 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsTraining considerations for mainstream therapists who may work with people with intellectual disabilities are discussed.