bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Echocardiographic Characteristics and Cardiovascular Outcomes According to Diabetes Status in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kristensen Søren L. , Mogensen Ulrik M. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Petrie Mark C. , Preiss David , Win Sithu , Køber Lars , McKelvie Robert S. , Zile Michael R. , Anand Inder S. , Komajda Michel , Gottdiener John S. , Carson Peter E. , McMurray John J. V. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
In patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, little is known about the characteristics of, and outcomes in, those with and without diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
We examined clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and outcomes in the I-Preserve trial (Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) according to history of diabetes mellitus. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for cardiovascular outcomes adjusted for known predictors, including age, sex, natriuretic peptides, and comorbidity. Echocardiographic data were available in 745 patients and were additionally adjusted for in supplementary analyses.

Results:

Overall, 1134 of 4128 patients (27%) had diabetes mellitus. Compared with those without diabetes mellitus, they were more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction (28% versus 22%), higher body mass index (31 versus 29 kg/m
2
), worse Minnesota Living With Heart Failure score (48 versus 40), higher median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration (403 versus 320 pg/mL; all
P
<0.01), more signs of congestion, but no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a greater left ventricular mass and left atrial area than patients without diabetes mellitus. Doppler E-wave velocity (86 versus 76 cm/s;
P
<0.0001) and the E/e’ ratio (11.7 versus 10.4;
P
=0.010) were higher in patients with diabetes mellitus. Over a median follow-up of 4.1 years, cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization occurred in 34% of patients with diabetes mellitus versus 22% of those without diabetes mellitus (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–2.05), and 28% versus 19% of patients with and without diabetes mellitus died (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.59; confidence interval, 1.33–1.91).

Conclusions:
In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, patients with diabetes mellitus have more signs of congestion, worse quality of life, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and a poorer prognosis. They also display greater structural and functional echocardiographic abnormalities. Further investigation is needed to determine the mediators of the adverse impact of diabetes mellitus on outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and whether they are modifiable.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00095238.
Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality of Stroke in China
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Jiang Bin , Sun Haixin , Ru Xiaojuan , Sun Dongling , Wang Linhong , Wang Limin , Jiang Yong , Li Yichong , Wang Yilong , Chen Zhenghong , Wu Shengping , Zhang Yazhuo , Wang David , Wang Yongjun , Feigin Valery L. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
China bears the biggest stroke burden in the world. However, little is known about the current prevalence, incidence, and mortality of stroke at the national level, and the trend in the past 30 years.

Methods:
In 2013, a nationally representative door-to-door survey was conducted in 155 urban and rural centers in 31 provinces in China, totaling 480 687 adults aged ≥20 years. All stroke survivors were considered as prevalent stroke cases at the prevalent time (August 31, 2013). First-ever strokes that occurred during 1 year preceding the survey point-prevalent time were considered as incident cases. According to computed tomography/MRI/autopsy findings, strokes were categorized into ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke of undetermined type.

Results:

Of 480 687 participants, 7672 were diagnosed with a prevalent stroke (1596.0/100 000 people) and 1643 with incident strokes (345.1/100 000 person-years). The age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates were 1114.8/100 000 people, 246.8 and 114.8/100 000 person-years, respectively. Pathological type of stroke was documented by computed tomography/MRI brain scanning in 90% of prevalent and 83% of incident stroke cases. Among incident and prevalent strokes, ischemic stroke constituted 69.6% and 77.8%, intracerebral hemorrhage 23.8% and 15.8%, subarachnoid hemorrhage 4.4% and 4.4%, and undetermined type 2.1% and 2.0%, respectively. Age-specific stroke prevalence in men aged ≥40 years was significantly greater than the prevalence in women (
P
<0.001). The most prevalent risk factors among stroke survivors were hypertension (88%), smoking (48%), and alcohol use (44%). Stroke prevalence estimates in 2013 were statistically greater than those reported in China 3 decades ago, especially among rural residents (
P
=0.017). The highest annual incidence and mortality of stroke was in Northeast (365 and 159/100 000 person-years), then Central areas (326 and 154/100 000 person-years), and the lowest incidence was in Southwest China (154/100 000 person-years), and the lowest mortality was in South China (65/100 000 person-years) (
P
<0.002).

Conclusions:
Stroke burden in China has increased over the past 30 years, and remains particularly high in rural areas. There is a north-to-south gradient in stroke in China, with the greatest stroke burden observed in the northern and central regions.
Revision of the new Australian genus Artoriopsis in a new subfamily of wolf spiders, Artoriinae (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Authors: FRAMENAU VOLKER W. 
Published: January 2017

new Australian wolf spider genus Artoriopsis is established with Artoriopsis expolita (L. Koch, 1877), comb. nov. as type species. Six further species, A. anacardium sp. nov., A. eccentrica sp. nov., A. joergi sp. nov., A. klausi sp. nov., A. melissae sp. nov. and A. whitehouseae sp. nov. complete the Australian fauna. Artoriopsis gen. nov. shows affinities with the Australasian genera Artoria Thorell, 1877 and Anoteropsis Koch, 1877, but differs by a distinct colour pattern of the opisthosoma (a dark diamond-shaped spot is cut in half by the light lanceolate cardiac mark). The basoembolic apophysis of the male pedipalp is narrowest at its base and comparatively weakly sclerotised, whereas it is widest at its base and strongly sclerotised in Artoria and inverted L-shaped in Anoteropsis. The median septum of the female epigyne forms a distinct plate that covers the atrium, although it is reduced in A. eccentrica sp. nov. and A. joergi sp. nov. Representatives of the genus Artoriopsis gen. nov. have so far only been found in Australia, where they are most diverse in the southern half of the country, although one species, A. anacardium sp. nov., is known from the tropical north. A new wolf spider subfamily, Artoriinae (type genus Artoria Thorell, 1877), is established to accommodate the following genera: Anoteropsis L. Koch, 1878, Artoria Thorell, 1877 (= Lycosula Roewer, 1960, syn. nov.), Artoriopsis gen. nov., Diahogna Roewer, 1960, Lycosella Thorell 1890, Notocosa Vink, 2002, Syroloma Simon, 1900, Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960, and two unnamed genera. The new synonymy of Lycosula with Artoria places the following species into Artoria: A. thorelli (Berland, 1929) comb. nov., A. hebridisiana (Berland, 1938), comb. nov. and A. minima (Berland, 1938) comb. nov. Artoriinae subfam. nov. are characterised by the presence of a basoembolic apophysis on the male pedipalp, unique within the Lycosidae. Artoriinae subfam. nov. are restricted to the Oriental, Australasian and Pacific regions with the centre of diversity in Australia and New Zealand.
A world revision of the Pycnostigminae (Cynipoidea: Figitidae) with descriptions of seven new species
Authors: BUFFINGTON M. L. , VAN NOORT S. 
Published: January 2017

Pycnostigmus rostratus Cameron, 1905, is redescribed and four new species of Pycnostigmus are described: P. mastersonae Buffington & van Noort, new species; P. incognito Buffington & van Noort, new species; P. fossilensis Buffington & van Noort, new species; and P. hoerikwaggoensis Buffington & van Noort, new species. Pycnostigmus mastersonae is the only known species of Cynipoidea with a metallic sheen on the head and mesosoma. A redescription of Tyl osema nigerrimum Kieffer, 1905, is provided as well as the description of two new species: Tylosema dayae Buffington & van Noort, new species and Tylosema ronquisti Buffington & van Noort, new species. The discovery of two new species of Tyl osema in South Africa is noteworthy since the only previously known species, T. nigerrimum Kieffer, is from Algeria. A redescription of Trjapitziniola popovi (Belizin 1951) is provided as well as the description of one new species: Trjapitziniola vanharteni Buffington & van Noort, new species. Trjapitziniola vanharteni was collected in the United Emirates Republic, which extends the distribution of Trjapitziniola well into the Arabian Penninsula. An online key to World species of Pycnostigminae and images are available at www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Figitidae/Pycnostigminae/ index.htm, and images of all species contained within this paper are available from http://morphbank.net.
Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA
Authors: REEVES WILL K. , DURDEN LANCE A. , RITZI CHRISTOPHER M. , BECKHAM KATY R. , SUPER PAUL E. , OCONNOR BARRy M. 
Published: January 2017

We review previously published accounts of ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates and report on the collections from 4 species of reptiles, 54 species of birds, and 47 species of mammals from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, or immediately adjacent lands in North Carolina and Tennessee, USA. Our list includes 1 species of beetle, 2 hemipteran bugs, 9 flies, at least 42 species of lice, 23 species of fleas, and at least 75 species of Acari (11 ticks/64 mites). We discuss the potential for transmission of pathogens by these ectoparasites and the relevance of disjunct populations of boreal species at high elevations in the Great Smoky Mountains.
Monitoring the Absolute Calibration of a Polarimetric Weather Radar
Authors: Frech Michael , Hagen Martin , Mammen Theo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe absolute calibration of a dual-polarization radar of the German Weather Service is continuously monitored using the operational birdbath scan and collocated disdrometer measurements at the Hohenpeissenberg observatory. The goal is to measure the radar reflectivity constant Z better than ±1 dB. The assumption is that a disdrometer measurement close to the surface can be related to the radar measurement at the first far-field range bin. This is verified using a Micro Rain Radar (MRR). The MRR data fill the gap between the measurement near the surface and the far-field range bin at 650 m. Using data from the first half of the warm season in 2014, a bias in radar calibration of 1.8 dB is found. Data from only stratiform precipitation events are considered. After adjusting the radar calibration and using an independent data sample, very good agreement is found between the radar, the MRR, and the disdrometer with a bias in smaller than 1 dB. The bias in is not captured with the classic one-point calibration, which is performed twice a day using a built-in test signal generator. This is attributed to the fact that the characterization of the transmit and receive path is not accurate enough. Solar interferences during the operational scanning are used to characterize the receiver. There, the bias found is small, about 0.2 dB, so that bias based on the comparison of the radar with external sensors is attributed to the transmit path. The representativeness of the disdrometer measurements are assessed using two additional disdrometers located within 200-m distance.
Book Review: Sukhadeo Thorat and Nidhi Sadhana Sabharwal (eds), Bridging the Social Gap: Perspectives on Dalit Empowerment and Jayshree P. Mangubhai, Human Rights as Practice: Dalit Women Securing Livelihood Entitlements in South India
Authors: Waghmore Suryakant 
Published: January 2017

Sukhadeo Thorat and Nidhi Sadhana Sabharwal (eds), Bridging the Social Gap: Perspectives on Dalit Empowerment, New Delhi, SAGE Publications, 2014, xxvii + 279 pp., ₹995 (hardback), ISBN: 9788132113119. Jayshree P. Mangubhai, Human Rights as Practice: Dalit Women Securing Livelihood Entitlements in South India, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2014, xiii + 295 pp., ₹850 (hardback), ISBN: 9780198095453.
Anxiety leads to up-regulation of CD36 on the monocytes of chronic hepatitis B-infected patients
Authors: Bakhshi Aliabad Mohammad Hosein , Jafari Elham , Karimi Kakh Mansoureh , Nosratababadi Reza , Bakhshi Hamid , Sheikhha Mohammad Hassan , Bidaki Reza , Askari Azade , Kazemi Arababadi Mohammad 
Published: January 2017

Introduction It has been hypothesized that mental disorders including depression and anxiety can affect immune responses. The study was done to evaluate the relation between depression and anxiety and expression levels of CD36, CD68, and CD9 on peripheral blood monocytes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods Sixty CHB patients were selected with various ranges of depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using a standard questionnaire by an expert psychiatrist according to BECK’s Depression Inventory II and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. The levels of CD36, CD68, and CD9 on the peripheral blood monocytes have been performed using flow cytometry technique. Results The results demonstrated that levels of CD36 were significantly increased on the peripheral blood monocytes of CHB patients when compared with CHB patients with no anxiety. Expression levels of CD68 and CD9 were not significantly altered on the CHB patients with various ranges of anxiety. Expression levels of CD36, CD68, and CD9 were also not significantly altered on the CHB patients with various ranges of depression. Discussion It seems that anxiety induces inflammation in the CHB patients by induction of alteration in several molecules including up-regulation of CD36. CD36 plays important roles in the induction of tissue damage; hence, it may be hypothesized that anxiety may participate in the induction of some hepatitis B complications.
Prevalence and correlates of major depression among Nigerian adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Raji Saheed O , Lawani Ambrose O , James Bawo O 
Published: January 2017

Objective To ascertain the current and lifetime prevalence of depression among adults with sickle cell disease and identify relevant socio-demographic and clinical correlates. Method A cross-sectional study of 205 stable adult out-patient attendees at a treatment center in southern Nigeria between April and September, 2014. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the depression module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale were administered. Categorical and continuous variables associated with a diagnosis of depression were tested using chi-squared and t-tests respectively. Level of significance was set a priori at P < 0.05. Results Prevalence of current depression was 16.6%, while lifetime prevalence was 29.8%. Current depression was significantly associated with frequent analgesic use ( P < 0.03), unemployment ( P = 0.04), low income ( P < .04), low educational status ( P < 0.01), and subjective pain ( P < 0.001). Subjective pain was nearly twice as likely to predict a current depressive episode (AOR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.42–2.02, P < 0.03). Conclusions Depression is common among adults with sickle cell disease and is significantly associated with severity of subjective pain.
The Implication of Viruses in Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss: Primary Infection or Reactivation of Latent Viruses?
Authors: Veltri Robert W. , Wilson William R. , Sprinkle Philip M. , Rodman Susan M. , Kavesh Debra A. 
Published: January 2017

Seventy‐seven paired serum samples from patients with known idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) were surveyed using viral serologic methods. Fifteen different viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the agents tested. We determined an incidence of 65% (49/77) of documented significant seroconversions to one or more of the agents surveyed. Multiple agents were involved in 24 of the 49 positive cases we studied. Influenza virus Group B in 14 (18%) and rubeola in 12 (16%) were the most prevalent, followed by Herpes simplex type 1 in 6 (8%), mumps in 6 (8%), influenza Group A3 in 6 (8%), rubella in 5 (7%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 5 (7%).
Laser Photocoagulation in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Parkin James L. , Dixon John A. 
Published: January 2017

Recurrent epistaxis is usually the main symptom found in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)—Osler Rendu Weber syndrome. Therapies have included intranasal cautery, septal dermoplasty, intra‐arterial embolization, and arterial ligation. These procedures have met with limited success. Laser photocoagulation has achieved early success in the gastrointestinal (GI) telangiectatic lesions.In this report, cutaneous and intranasal lesions of eight HHT patients have been treated with laser photocoagulation using a flexible fiber delivery system connected to 3 W argon and 55 W neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) laser sources. The patients noted a great reduction in the frequency and severity of epistaxis, reduction in the need for blood transfusion, and reduction in iron therapy necessary to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels. Previously, five of these patients were considered treatment failures after extensive surgical therapy. No serious complications have been encountered.Laser photocoagulation of HHT patients appears to be a promising therapeutic advance. The progressive nature of HHT necessitates close follow‐up and retreatment of new lesions as they appear.
Thyroid Abscess
Authors: Schweitzer Vanessa Gayl , Olson Nels R. 
Published: January 2017

Primary thyroid abscess arising from acute suppurative thyroiditis is an unusual type of head and neck infection. Only 39 cases of thyroid abscess have been reported in the medical literature since 1950. Sixteen of these cases (41%) were in children.This presentation reports in detail two additional adult patients with thyroid abscesses. In addition, the incidence, etiology, signs and symptoms, complications, aids to diagnosis, and management are reviewed. Systemic antimicrobials combined with prompt surgical intervention will prevent the serious complications possible with this disease.
The Effect of Blood Pressure on Compression‐Induced Facial Nerve Neuropraxia in the Cat
Authors: Roffman George D. , Babin Richard W. , Ryu Jai H. 
Published: January 2017

The facial nerves of 21 adult anesthetized cats were exposed from the parotid gland to the orbicularis oculi muscle. The summated action potential (SAP) of the orbicularis oculi muscle was recorded. A calibrated pressure block was applied to the intact facial nerve between the stimulating electrode and the muscle. Pressures of between 150 and 200 mm Hg caused a rapid stable neuropraxia.In ten animals the blood pressure was elevated by a constant levarterenol infusion. In 11 animals the blood pressure was elevated by coarcting the abdominal aorta and volume overloading the rostral vascular system. In both groups, in all animals, when the systolic blood pressure exceeded the pressure applied to the nerve, a substantial increase in SAP amplitude was noted. If the systolic pressure was allowed to fall below the pressure on the nerve, the neuropraxia rapidly returned. This data suggest that within a physiologic pressure range of 150 to 200 mm Hg there is a reversible ischemic phase of compression neuropraxia and it is in complete accord with the earlier work of Devriese.
Electrodermal Audiometry: Renewed Acquaintance with an Old Friend
Authors: Stankiewicz James , Fankhauser Charles E. , Strom C. Gordon 
Published: January 2017

Reasonable requirements for any test of nonorganic hearing impairment are that the procedure should result in both identification of a nonorganic problem and an accurate determination of true organic thresholds. In our clinical experience, no hearing test meets the determination of threshold requirement as accurately and as efficiently as electrodermal audiometry (EDR).The purpose of this presentation is to offer a brief review of our recent clinical experience with EDR audiometry, including representative case histories.
Osteoid‐Producing Orbital Ethmoid Tumor
Authors: Katsantonis George P. , Friedman William H. , Smith Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2017

Fibro‐osseous lesions of the paranasal sinuses, especially those that contain multinucleated giant cells, demonstrate a significant histopathologic overlap although they manifest themselves throughout a wide range of clinical behavior. They routinely require a critical clinical and pathologic interpretation. Often, the clinical course of the disease is the only guide to diagnosis and mode of treatment.This study presents the case of a 4‐year‐old boy with an osteoid‐producing tumor of the ethmoid sinus. Despite an original diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia, the lesion followed a relentless course. Eventually, maxillectomy, orbital exenteration, and craniotomy were required to control the disease. The literature of fibro‐osseous lesions of the paranasal sinuses is reviewed and an attempt is made to classify these lesions according to their clinical behavior.
Combined Laryngeal Conservation Surgery and Irradiation: Can We Expand the Indications for Conservation Therapy?
Authors: Goepfert Helmuth , Lindberg Robert D. , Iesse Richard H. 
Published: January 2017

Thirty‐nine patients (median age of 60 years) with carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx (N=16), vocal cord (N=4), and hypopharyngeal wall and pyriform sinus (N=19) were treated by combined conservation surgery and radiation therapy. Thirty‐three patients had postoperative treatment, and the remaining six were given preoperative irradiation. The plan was chosen because of clinical and pathologic features known to be fraught with a high incidence of recurrence above the clavicles. Long‐term complications occurred in six patients, two of whom died of aspiration pneumonia. Thirty‐eight patients completed their treatment and have been followed for a median of 48 months (1 1/2 to six years). Survival rates are 56% and 63% for absolute and determinant cases, respectively.
Posterior Epistaxis: Comparison of Treatment
Authors: Wang Louis , Vogel Daniel H. 
Published: January 2017

Eighty‐five admissions for posterior epistaxis were reviewed, and treatment with posterior packs was compared with surgical ligation. The failure rates (26.2% vs 14.3%), complication rates (68.8% vs 40%), and length of hospitalization (7.8 days vs 5.6 days) all favor surgical ligation as the definitive treatment for posterior epistaxis.
Combined Therapy for Vascular Lesions of the Head and Neck with Intra‐Arterial Embolization and Surgical Excision
Authors: Biller Hugh F. , Krespi Yosef P. , Som Peter M. 
Published: January 2017

Large extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are considered rare. Most of these lesions appear as soft tissue masses or as bleeding. Symptoms relate to the tumor site.The clinical diagnosis of AVM should be confirmed by selective angiography. The preferred technique for carotid angiography is selective catheterization by the retrograde femoral approach based on Seldinger's method.