bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of geopolitics and agricultural commodity prices
Authors: Goyal Raghav , Mensah Edouard , Steinbach Sandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article uses the time‐varying parameter vector autoregressive model to assess the impact of geopolitical risk and shocks on agricultural commodity markets, accounting for demand—exports; supply—input prices; inventory; speculation; and economic fluctuations. The results show that geopolitical risks significantly impact corn and soybean futures prices and market behaviors with context‐specific implications in the short to medium term. In addition, heightened geopolitical risk during the Russia–Ukraine war increased oil prices and indirectly elevated agricultural commodity prices. These insights are crucial for agricultural risk management, informing federal policies and forecasting future price trends in an increasingly uncertain global market environment.
Two‐Dimensional Silver–Isocyanide Frameworks
Authors: Jiang Kaiyue , Yan Pu , Shi Pengfei , Zhang Jichao , Chai Xinyu , Wang Yunfei , Zhu Chenhui , Yang Chongqing , Lu Chenbao , Liu Yi , Cao Kecheng , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied due to their versatile applications and easily tunable structures. However, heteroatom‐metal coordination dominates the MOFs community, and the rational synthesis of carbon–metal coordination‐based MOFs remains a significant challenge. Herein, two‐dimensional (2D) MOFs based on silver–carbon linkages are synthesized through the coordination between silver(I) salt and isocyanide‐based monomers at ambient condition. The as‐synthesized 2D MOFs possess well‐defined crystalline structures and a staggered AB stacking mode. Most interestingly, these 2D MOFs, without π–π stacking between layers, exhibit narrow band gaps down to 1.42 eV. As electrochemical catalysts for converting CO2 to CO, such 2D MOFs demonstrate Faradaic efficiency over 92 %. Surprisingly, the CO2 reduction catalyzed by these MOFs indicates favorable adsorption of CO2 and *COOH on the active carbon sites of the isocyanide groups rather than on silver sites. This is attributed to the critical σ donor role of isocyanides and the corresponding ligand‐to‐metal charge–transfer effect. This work not only paves the way toward a new family of MOFs based on metal–isocyanide coordination but also offers a rare platform for understanding the electrocatalysis processes on strongly polarized carbon species.
Facile Synthesis of Silver‐Exchanged Phosphotungstic Acid Immobilized on Sn‐Bi Bimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Esterification
Authors: Zhang Qiuyun , Li Ting , Li Zhenying , Lei Yanhui , Hong Xingyue , Deng Mei , Cheng Jingsong , Liu Zhengjun , Zhang Yutao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal supports for the synthesis of porous composite catalysts. In the present study, Sn‐Bi bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (Sn‐Bi‐MOFs) supported silver‐doped phosphotungstic acid (AgPW) catalysts (AgPW@Sn‐Bi‐BDC and AgPW@Sn‐Bi‐BDC (NH2)) were successfully synthesized via a simple in situ impregnation method, which was subsequently applied to catalyze esterification for the production of biodiesel from oleic acid (OA). The physico‐chemical properties of the prepared composite catalysts underwent comprehensive analysis through XRD, FTIR, N2 physisorption, SEM, EDX, NH3‐TPD, Py‐FTIR, TG, and XPS techniques, confirming the successful impregnation of AgPW on the Sn‐Bi‐MOFs framework. Among the catalysts tested, AgPW@Sn‐Bi‐BDC (NH2) exhibited the better catalytic activity than that of Sn‐Bi‐BDC, Sn‐Bi‐BDC (NH2), and AgPW@Sn‐Bi‐BDC, reaching 91.6% of OA conversion with the methanol:OA molar ratio of 20:1 and the catalyst quantity of 0.2 g at 130°C for 4 h. The high activity of AgPW@Sn‐Bi‐BDC (NH2) is attributed to the available multiscale pore structure, high acidity, and the synergistic action of the Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites. Additionally, the esterification with AgPW@Sn‐Bi‐BDC (NH2) followed the first‐order reaction kinetic model, with an Ea of 34.5 kJ/mol. Moreover, the recyclability of the composites was also assessed, demonstrating sustained catalytic activity after four reuses. This approach showed a potential for sustainable and efficient energy production through bimetallic MOFs‐based composite catalysts.
Change detection of the Köppen climate zones in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Mimić Gordan , Podraščanin Zorica , Basarin Biljana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study exploits the air temperature and precipitation data from ERA5‐Land reanalysis and E‐OBS gridded observations that are freely available from the Copernicus Climate Change Service. The objectives of the study are to analyze the distribution of Köppen climate zones and to detect the changes in the presence and coverage of the specific climate types in Southeastern Europe. The results are shown separately for the following reference periods: 1961–1990, 1971–2000, 1981–2010, and 1991–2020. In the period 1961–1990, the most dominant climate type in Southeastern Europe was fully humid temperate climate with warm summer (Cfb), while fully humid continental climate with warm summer (Dfb) was also highly present there, together with fully humid temperate climate with hot summer (Cfa). In the period 1991–2020, the shift of Köppen climate zones appeared in such a way that the area with Dfb continental climate, that is often called snow or cold climate, is significantly reduced and this type is replaced with Cfb temperate climate. At the same time, Cfa climate type with hot summer is spread across wider area, mainly instead of Cfb with warm summer, now reaching almost the same percentage of coverage as Cfb type.
The link between teacher–student relations and sense of school belonging is not equal for all: The moderating role of immigrant status
Authors: Abdulhamed Rekar , Beattie Marguerite 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTeachers' support and positive teacher–student bonds are key factors in promoting a sense of school belonging (SB) among adolescents. Previous research shows that immigrant‐origin adolescents (IOA's) report lower SB than their non‐immigrant peers do. This study examines if positive teacher–student bonds are equally beneficial for the SB of immigrant‐origin and non‐immigrant adolescents. Using PISA 2022 data, the moderating role of immigrant status in this relationship was assessed in European countries by multi‐level models (NStudents = 151,211, NSchools = 21,629, NCountries = 19). Country‐level analyses revealed that IOA's benefited less from positive teacher–student relations in 6 out of 19 countries. In Sweden, Belgium, and Portugal this moderation effect was conditional on the moderating role of school diversity promotion.
Photoswitchable Detergents for Light‐Controlled Liposome Lysis and Channel Gating
Authors: Löffler Max , Repp David , Beka Fatime , Wieneke Ralph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractModulation of membrane properties via photoswitchable lipids has attracted attention due to the unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution of their functional control. Beside lipids, detergents are another prominent class for selective membrane perturbations owing to their ease of handling and spontaneous insertion in lipid bilayers. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of three classes of visible light‐sensitive surfactants with various azobenzene tail chain lengths. The photoswitchable detergents show water‐solubility and micellization as well as undergo reversible isomerization under blue‐/green light illumination. We demonstrate that the light‐induced structural change of azobenzene can lead to vesicle rupture, making them a tool for controlled cargo release from vehicles. Via spontaneous insertion into the plasma membrane of mammalian cells transiently transfected with MscL, we used the azobenzene‐derived detergents to optically activate the transmembrane mechanosensitive channel. This led to the rapid controlled uptake of membrane‐impermeable molecules. Since detergents are extensively used in biochemistry and biotechnology, we propose that the photoswitchable detergents will be useful tools for the spatiotemporal modulation of membrane properties. Additionally, our work provides a design strategy for new detergents in membrane (protein) research.
Nanoenabled Self‐Assembled Metal‐Organic Algaecides Generated Photosynthetic Inhibition and Oxidative Stress for Sustainable Food Security
Authors: Wang Mingyao , Yang Xiao , Wang Mengyue , He Yunxiang , Huang Tao , Wang Xiaoling , Yang Qichang , Guo Junling 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAchieving food sustainability is one of the biggest challenges in the new millennium. Plant factory cultivation systems provide an alternative for food sustainability, while they often suffer from algal blooms. The overuse of conventional algaecides has caused significant environmental pollution and concerns about food security. Here, we design a nanoenabled metal‐organic algaecide that is self‐assembled from natural polyphenols and two functional metal ions for providing shading effects and delivering active ingredients synergistically to suppress algal blooms. Black wattle tannin (BWT) and Fe3+ ions are utilized to develop self‐assembled FeBWT nanoalgaecides with significant shading effects for decreasing light transmission (up to 97 %) and effectively inhibiting algal photosynthesis. Further, the FeBWT is functionalized with Cu2+ ions (bimetallic Cu/FeBWT) to target the algal cells and release Cu2+ ions via phenolic‐mediated cell surface interactions, thus enhancing the inhibition efficiency. Importantly, the biosafety of Cu/FeBWT is demonstrated through toxicity tests on zebrafish and NIH3T3 cells. In our real‐world field test, the Cu/FeBWT demonstrates high algal inhibition performance (>95 %, over 30 days), and enhances the accumulation of food nutrients in model plant lettuces. Collectively, the supramolecular metal‐organic nanoalgaecide provides a promise for nanoagrochemical application and promotes food sustainability and security.
Spin Crossover OFF/ON Triggered by Ligand Chemical Doping in an Fe(III) Solid Solution†
Authors: Peng Shuang , Gao Yue , Zhang Zi‐Yi , Xu Guang‐Yan , Zheng Wen‐Jun , Yang Feng‐Lei , Dai Jing‐Wei , Li Zhao‐Yang 
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive SummarySpin crossover (SCO), characterized by distinct high‐spin (HS) and low‐spin (LS) states, has potential applications in memory, electronic, and electroluminescent devices. The OFF/ON switching of SCO is crucial for obtaining bistable magnetic properties. However, there are few strategies for achieving this switching. Herein, based on a ligand chemical doping strategy, we report an Fe(III) solid solution that can be prepared using a ligand chemical doping strategy, enabling not only the OFF/ON switching of SCO but also the fine‐tuning of the spin transition temperature (Tc) within a 45 K range near room temperature. The experimental results show that when the polar ligand doping ratio reaches 20%, SCO behavior is triggered, and the crystal phase transforms significantly, becoming loose and flexible. Furthermore, Tc can be continuously regulated as the ligand‐doping ratio increases. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that solid packing‐induced molecular distortion blocks SCO, whereas loosely flexible packing triggers SCO via fluorinated ligand chemical doping.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Nickel(II)‐Doped Bi2O2CO3 Nanosheets for Efficient Nitric Oxide Removal
Authors: Wei Shuwei , Zhu Qiuhui , Ren Haitao , Li Ximing , Xin Yue , Wang Hui , Wang Chuanyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBi2O2CO3 is a typical bismuth‐based semiconductor photocatalyst that has attracted much attention because of layered structure and polarization characteristics. However, the wide bandgap of Bi2O2CO3 limits its practical applications in photocatalysis. In this study, the nickel (II)‐doped Bi2O2CO3 (Ni2+‐Bi2O2CO3) with oxygen vacancies was prepared by adding a controllable amount of nickel ions. The photocatalytic efficiency of the optimized sample for ppb‐grade NO under visible light irradiation is 59.4 %, which is 2.8 times than that of its counterpart, Bi2O2CO3 (21.2 %). Based on experiments and characterizations, Introduction of nickel ions and oxygen vacancies improves the photocatalytic performance of Ni2+‐Bi2O2CO3, which not only lowered the bandgap from 3.25 eV to 2.92 eV, but also reduced the recombination of photogenerated carriers by formation of the impurity level. Furthermore, the adsorption and photocatalytic conversion pathway of NO was explored by in situ DRIFTS, the principal byproducts of photocatalytic oxidation of NO are NO3− and NO2−. This work offers a new perspective to improve the photocatalytic activity by doping mothed for air purification.
Overview of Main Electrolyzer Technologies and Power Electronic Converter Topologies for Enabling Hydrogen Production Through Water Electrolysis
Authors: El Kattel Menaouar Berrehil , Praça Paulo Peixoto , Mayer Robson , Lucio Berrehil el Kattel Cristina do Carmo , Bascopé René Pastor Torrico , Antunes Fernando Luiz Marcelo , de Jesus Cardoso Filho Braz 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis manuscript offers an in‐depth exploration of electrolysis, focusing on the various types of electrolyzers and providing a detailed analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it presents a comprehensive review of DC–DC and AC–DC converters, highlighting their essential roles in green hydrogen production and explaining their functionality and applications in detail. Furthermore, the manuscript examines the diverse power electronic systems used in green hydrogen production, underscoring the crucial importance of converters. The investigation also covers effective strategies for integrating these technologies, with the goal of optimizing the green hydrogen production process. This study aims to significantly advance knowledge in sustainable technologies, emphasizing the pivotal role of power electronics in electrolysis, fostering the generation of renewable energy, and reinforcing the commitment to a greener and more sustainable future.
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency detection using fluorocytometric assay: Evaluation after 1 year of clinical implementation
Authors: Souissi M. , Bera E. , Boutet C. , Chatellier C. , Conte C. , Brard E. , Boquet C. , Rousseau E. , Pissard S. , Lahary A. , Bobée V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common enzymopathy that affects red blood cells (RBCs) and renders them susceptible to oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, especially after exposure to certain drugs or infections. The diagnosis of G6PD deficiency is usually based on spectrophotometric measurement of enzyme activity, but this method has limitations in heterozygous females and in patients with other hematological disorders. In this study, we evaluated the use of flow cytometry as an alternative method for detecting G6PD deficiency in 514 samples (265 females and 249 males) from a clinical laboratory. We compared the results of flow cytometry with those of spectrophotometry and molecular analysis, and assessed the performance of flow cytometry in different subgroups of patients. We found that flow cytometry was able to identify G6PD deficiency in most cases, with high sensitivity and specificity. Flow cytometry also allowed the quantification of the percentage of G6PD‐deficient RBCs, which varied among heterozygous females due to X‐chromosome inactivation. Moreover, flow cytometry detected several cases of G6PD deficiency that were missed by spectrophotometry, especially in heterozygous females with normal or subnormal enzyme activity. However, flow cytometry also showed some false negative results, mainly in patients with sickle cell disease. Therefore, flow cytometry is a reliable and efficient tool for screening G6PD deficiency, but some precautions should be taken in interpreting the results in patients with other hematological conditions.
Quantifying vulnerability to plant invasion across global ecosystems
Authors: Pfadenhauer William G. , Bradley Bethany A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe widely referenced “tens rule” in invasion ecology suggests that approximately 10% of established, non‐native species will become invasive. However, the accuracy of this estimate has been questioned, as the original analysis focused on small groups of plant species in Great Britain and Australia. Using a novel database of 9501 established plants and 2924 invasive plants, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the tens rule and the first empirical analysis of how invasion rates vary across spatial scales, islands/mainlands, and climate zones. We found that invasion rates (the percentage of established species with negative impacts) are highly variable across the globe. Well‐sampled environments (those with at least 2000 total non‐native species recorded) had invasion rates that ranged from 7.2% to 33.8%. Invasion rates were strongly scale‐dependent, averaging 17% at the country scale and 25% at the continental scale. We found significantly higher invasion rates on islands when compared with mainlands, regardless of scale. Tropical ecosystems are often considered to be resistant to invasion; however, our results showed significantly higher invasion rates on both tropical islands and mainlands, suggesting unexpectedly high vulnerability of these species‐rich ecosystems. We conclude that the tens rule is a poor general estimate of invasion rates for plants, as calculated invasion rates vary widely and are frequently much higher than 10%. Most locations would be better served by using invasion rates that vary based on the recipient environment. Our updated estimates of invasion rates should be highly relevant for invasive species management strategies, including weed risk assessments, which can be adjusted to identify more species as high‐risk in areas where invasion rates are higher. Assuming that 10% of established species will become invasive is likely to substantially underestimate invasion rates in most geographies.
Topographic heterogeneity triggers complementary cascades that enhance ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Fairchild Tom P. , Walter Bettina , Mutter Joshua J. , Griffin John N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTopographic heterogeneity sets the stage for community assembly, but its effects on ecosystem functioning remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that topographic heterogeneity underpins multiple cascading species interactions and functional pathways that indirectly control multifunctionality. To do so, we combined experimental manipulation of a form of topographic heterogeneity on rocky shores (holes of various sizes) with a comprehensive assessment of naturally assembled communities and multifunctionality. Structural equation modeling indicated that heterogeneity: (1) enhanced biodiversity by supporting filter feeder richness; (2) triggered a facilitation cascade via reef‐forming (polychaete) and biomass‐dominant (macroalga) foundation species, which in turn broadly supported functionally diverse epibiotic and understory assemblages; and (3) inhibited a key consumer (limpet). The model supported that these mechanisms exerted complementary positive effects on individual functions (e.g., water filtration, ecosystem metabolism, nutrient uptake) and, in turn, collectively enhanced multifunctionality. Topographic heterogeneity may therefore serve as a cornerstone physical attribute by initiating multiple cascades that propagate through ecological communities via foundation species, ultimately manifesting disproportionate effects on ecosystem multifunctionality.
Electrochemical Domino Sulfonylation/Dearomative ipso‐Annulation of 2‐Alkynyl Biaryls to Access Spiro(indenyl)cyclohexadienones
Authors: Raji Reddy Chada , Nair Karna , Vinaya Puthiya Purayil , Ajaykumar Uprety , Grée René 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, we present an efficient strategy for the synthesis of spiro(indenyl)cyclohexadienones through radical‐promoted reaction of 2‐alkynyl biaryls with sodium sulfinates under electrochemical conditions. The reaction involves sulfonylation and dearomative ipso‐cyclisation in a domino fashion. This approach features the use of readily accessible precursors, wide functional group tolerance and external oxidant‐free reaction conditions. The practicality of the method was also illustrated by scale‐up reaction and further diversification of the product.
Phytochemical and metagenomic insights into the antioxidant and anticancer properties of Elaeagnus pyriformis wine
Authors: Banerjee Swarnendra , Islam Shehnaz , Kar Pallab , Sarkar Indrani , Chattopadhyay Ansuman , Sen Arnab 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe luscious fruit‐bearing plant Elaeagnus pyriformis (Hook. f.), sometimes called oleaster or silverberry, is found in northeastern India. Natives from this region consume fruit because it is believed to be nutritious and to offer protection against various diseases. This study aimed to prepare wine from Elaeagnus fruits and assess its nutritional content and antioxidant and anticancer properties in cancer cell lines. GC‒MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) was utilized to determine the active phytocompounds in the wine, which were then docked against cancer‐related proteins. Simultaneously, 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis was conducted to identify the diverse bacterial species present in the wine samples. The results revealed significant amounts of free fatty acids, free amino acids, total sugars, total protein, macroelements, and microelements in Elaeagnus wine (oleaster wine). Oleaster wine exhibited high antioxidant activity, indicating its significant medicinal importance. Eleven putative phytocompounds were identified through GC‒MS analysis and a molecular docking study of these compounds revealed favorable interactions with the studied cancer‐related proteins. A cell line study revealed that the wine possessed noteworthy anticancer activity, supporting its potential medicinal and biological benefits, as demonstrated by the in silico results. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 region revealed that the wine sample and microbial population contained diverse bacterial species, which play a vital role in the anticancer properties. Considering all the in vitro, in silico, and metagenomic data, it can be concluded that the wine offers therapeutic and health benefits.