bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Deficiency in Human and Murine Sepsis*
Authors: Parekh Dhruv , Patel Jaimin M. , Scott Aaron , Lax Sian , Dancer Rachel C. A. , D’Souza Vijay , Greenwood Hannah , Fraser William D. , Gao Fang , Sapey Elizabeth , Perkins Gavin D. , Thickett David R. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in sepsis and ICU mortality but causality of these associations has not been demonstrated. To determine whether sepsis and severe sepsis are associated with vitamin D deficiency and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency influences the severity of sepsis.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
Sixty-one patients with sepsis and severe sepsis from two large U.K. hospitals and 20 healthy controls were recruited. Murine models of cecal ligation and puncture and intratracheal lipopolysaccharide were undertaken in normal and vitamin D deficient mice to address the issue of causality.

Measurements and Main Results:
Patients with severe sepsis had significantly lower concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 than patients with either mild sepsis or age-matched healthy controls (15.7 vs 49.5 vs 66.5 nmol/L; p = 0.0001). 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations were significantly lower in patients who had positive microbiologic culture than those who were culture negative (p = 0.0023) as well as those who died within 30 days of hospital admission (p = 0.025). Vitamin D deficiency in murine sepsis was associated with increased peritoneal (p = 0.037), systemic (p = 0.019), and bronchoalveolar lavage (p = 0.011) quantitative bacterial culture. This was associated with reduced local expression of the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide as well as evidence of defective macrophage phagocytosis (p = 0.029). In the intratracheal lipopolysaccharide model, 1,500 IU of intraperitoneal cholecalciferol treatment 6 hours postinjury reduced alveolar inflammation, cellular damage, and hypoxia.

Conclusions:
Vitamin D deficiency is common in severe sepsis. This appears to contribute to the development of the condition in clinically relevant murine models and approaches to correct vitamin D deficiency in patients with sepsis should be developed.
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Foot: An Update and Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Loh Tiffany Y. , Rubin Ashley G. , Jiang Shang I Brian 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
Ultraviolet radiation is a well-known risk factor for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Therefore, the high incidence of BCCs in sun-exposed areas such as the head and neck is unsurprising. However, unexpectedly, BCCs on the sun-protected dorsal foot have also been reported, and tumor occurrence here suggests that other factors besides ultraviolet radiation may play a role in BCC pathogenesis. Because only few dorsal foot BCCs have been reported, data on their clinical features and management are limited.

OBJECTIVE
To perform an updated review of the literature on clinical characteristics and treatment of dorsal foot BCCs.

METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive literature review by searching the PubMed database with the key phrases “basal cell carcinoma dorsal foot,” “basal cell carcinoma foot,” and “basal cell carcinoma toe.”

RESULTS
We identified 20 cases of dorsal foot BCCs in the literature, 17 of which had sufficient data for analysis. Only 1 case was treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. We present 8 additional cases of dorsal foot BCCs treated with Mohs micrographic surgery.

CONCLUSION
Basal cell carcinomas on the dorsal foot are rare, and potential risk factors include Caucasian descent and personal history of skin cancer. Mohs micrographic surgery seems to be an effective treatment option.
A Mechanistic Model of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Carviel Jessie 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is a novel procedure used to treat androgenetic alopecia (AGA).

OBJECTIVE
Propose a mechanism of action of PRP therapy for AGA.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
A thorough literature search including PRP research for AGA therapy as well as PRP research in other areas of medicine was conducted.

RESULTS
A mechanistic model for the action of PRP on the hair follicle was created.

CONCLUSION
Platelet-rich plasma therapy stimulates hair growth through the promotion of vascularization and angiogenesis, as well as encourages hair follicles to enter and extend the duration of the anagen phase of the growth cycle. The process is accomplished through growth factor-mediated increased activation of wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin, extracellular signaling regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways, which leads to the necessary cellular proliferation and differentiation.
Patient Activation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Dunlay Shannon M. , Griffin Joan M. , Redfield Margaret M. , Roger Véronique L. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Recent data suggest that patient activation, or having the knowledge, skills, and confidence to engage and manage one's own health, favorably impacts patient behaviors and health outcomes. However, the role of activation in patients with heart failure is unknown.

Objectives:
The aims of this study are to measure the level of activation of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and to determine whether activation is associated with in-hospital and early postdischarge outcomes.

Methods:
We prospectively recruited Southeastern Minnesota residents hospitalized at Mayo Clinic hospitals with ADHF from January 2014 to July 2015. Activation was measured using the Patient Activation Measure questionnaire.

Results:
Among the 302 patients enrolled, the mean age was 77.3 years, 57.3% were men, and 46.8% had preserved ejection fraction. The median (25th–75th percentile) length of stay was 4 (3–7) days. In total, 7 (2.3%) patients died before discharge. Most survivors were discharged to home (73.6%) or skilled nursing facilities (23.7%). The number of patients in each activation level from highest to lowest was 9 (3.0%), 121 (40.1%), 122 (40.4%), and 50 (16.6%). Patients with lower activation were older, were less educated, had lower patient satisfaction, and had worse health literacy. They were more often discharged to skilled nursing facilities and had higher 30-day mortality, although 30-day readmission did not differ by activation.

Conclusions:
Patients hospitalized with ADHF with lower activation are less satisfied, have worse health literacy, more often require skilled care, and are at increased risk for early postdischarge mortality. Activation can be easily measured and may help clinicians identify high-risk patients.
The Relationship of Depressive Symptoms and Vitamin D Intake to Cardiac Event–Free Survival in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Song Eun Kyeung , Kang Seok-Min 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Low vitamin D and depressive symptoms are associated with inflammation activation that predicts cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the relationships among vitamin D intake, depressive symptoms, and cardiac events in heart failure (HF).

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to determine the relationships among vitamin D deficiency, depressive symptoms, and cardiac events.

Methods:
A total of 204 HF patients completed a 3-day food diary to determine average daily intake of vitamin D. Patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess somatic and cognitive depressive symptoms and were split into 2 groups using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 cut-point score of 10 (< 10, no depressive symptoms; ≥ 10, depressive symptoms). Data on cardiac events during 1 year were obtained through medical record review. Hierarchical Cox and logistic regressions were used for data analyses.

Results:
Sixty patients (29.4%) had depressive symptoms and 106 (52.0%) had vitamin D deficiency. Depressive symptoms (hazard ratio [HR], 1.93; P = .031) and vitamin D deficiency (HR, 1.84, P = .036) predicted shorter cardiac event–free survival in Cox regression. Depressive symptoms predicted shorter cardiac event–free survival in patients with vitamin D deficiency (HR, 2.16; P = .038), but not those with vitamin D adequacy. Somatic depressive symptoms were associated with vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio, 1.12; P = .028) in logistic regression, whereas cognitive depressive symptoms were not.

Conclusions:
Vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms predicted shorter cardiac event–free survival. Depressive symptoms did not predict cardiac events in HF patients with vitamin D adequacy. Somatic depressive symptoms predicted vitamin D deficiency, but cognitive depressive symptoms did not. Additional research is necessary to determine the protective role of vitamin D in the link between somatic depressive symptoms and cardiac events.
The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act Evaluation Study
Authors: Harwood Jessica M. , Azocar Francisca , Thalmayer Amber , Xu Haiyong , Ong Michael K. , Tseng Chi-Hong , Wells Kenneth B. , Friedman Sarah , Ettner Susan L. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
The federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) sought to eliminate historical disparities between insurance coverage for behavioral health (BH) treatment and coverage for medical treatment. Our objective was to evaluate MHPAEA’s impact on BH expenditures and utilization among “carve-in” enrollees.

Methods:
We received specialty BH insurance claims and eligibility data from Optum, sampling 5,987,776 adults enrolled in self-insured plans from large employers. An interrupted time series study design with segmented regression analysis estimated monthly time trends of per-member spending and use before (2008–2009), during (2010), and after (2011–2013) MHPAEA compliance (N=179,506,951 member-month observations). Outcomes included: total, plan, patient out-of-pocket spending; outpatient utilization (assessment/diagnostic evaluation visits, medication management, individual and family psychotherapy); intermediate care utilization (structured outpatient, day treatment, residential); and inpatient utilization.

Results:
MHPAEA was associated with increases in monthly per-member total spending, plan spending, assessment/diagnostic evaluation visits [respective immediate increases of: $1.05 (P=0.02); $0.88 (P=0.04); 0.00045 visits (P=0.00)], and individual psychotherapy visits [immediate increase of 0.00578 visits (P=0.00) and additional increases of 0.00017 visits/mo (P=0.03)].

Conclusions:
MHPAEA was associated with modest increases in total and plan spending and outpatient utilization; for example, in July 2012 predicted per-enrollee plan spending was $4.92 without MHPAEA and $6.14 with MHPAEA. Efforts should focus on understanding how other barriers to BH care unaddressed by MHPAEA may affect access/utilization. Future research should evaluate effects produced by the Affordable Care Act’s inclusion of BH care as an essential health benefit and expansion of MHPAEA protections to the individual and small group markets.
A Novel Model for Predicting Rehospitalization Risk Incorporating Physical Function, Cognitive Status, and Psychosocial Support Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Greenwald Jeffrey L. , Cronin Patrick R. , Carballo Victoria , Danaei Goodarz , Choy Garry 
Published: September 2016

Background:
With the increasing focus on reducing hospital readmissions in the United States, numerous readmissions risk prediction models have been proposed, mostly developed through analyses of structured data fields in electronic medical records and administrative databases. Three areas that may have an impact on readmission but are poorly captured using structured data sources are patients’ physical function, cognitive status, and psychosocial environment and support.

Objective of the Study:
The objective of the study was to build a discriminative model using information germane to these 3 areas to identify hospitalized patients’ risk for 30-day all cause readmissions.

Research Design:
We conducted clinician focus groups to identify language used in the clinical record regarding these 3 areas. We then created a dataset including 30,000 inpatients, 10,000 from each of 3 hospitals, and searched those records for the focus group-derived language using natural language processing. A 30-day readmission prediction model was developed on 75% of the dataset and validated on the other 25% and also on hospital specific subsets.

Results:
Focus group language was aggregated into 35 variables. The final model had 16 variables, a validated C-statistic of 0.74, and was well calibrated. Subset validation of the model by hospital yielded C-statistics of 0.70–0.75.

Conclusions:
Deriving a 30-day readmission risk prediction model through identification of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial issues using natural language processing yielded a model that performs similarly to the better performing models previously published with the added advantage of being based on clinically relevant factors and also automated and scalable. Because of the clinical relevance of the variables in the model, future research may be able to test if targeting interventions to identified risks results in reductions in readmissions.
Alterations in Aerobic Exercise Performance and Gait Economy Following High-Intensity Dynamic Stepping Training in Persons With Subacute Stroke
Authors: Leddy Abigail L. , Connolly Mark , Holleran Carey L. , Hennessy Patrick W. , Woodward Jane , Arena Ross A. , Roth Elliot J. , Hornby T. George 
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose:
Impairments in metabolic capacity and economy (O2cost) are hallmark characteristics of locomotor dysfunction following stroke. High-intensity (aerobic) training has been shown to improve peak oxygen consumption in this population, with fewer reports of changes in O2cost. However, particularly in persons with subacute stroke, inconsistent gains in walking function are observed with minimal associations with gains in metabolic parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in aerobic exercise performance in participants with subacute stroke following high-intensity variable stepping training as compared with conventional therapy.

Methods:
A secondary analysis was performed on data from a randomized controlled trial comparing high-intensity training with conventional interventions, and from the pilot study that formed the basis for the randomized controlled trial. Participants 1 to 6 months poststroke received 40 or fewer sessions of high-intensity variable stepping training (n = 21) or conventional interventions (n = 12). Assessments were performed at baseline (BSL), posttraining, and 2- to 3-month follow-up and included changes in submaximal

JOURNAL/jnpt/04.03/01253086-201610000-00005/5FSM1/v/2023-08-23T005522Z/r/image-gif

o
2 (

JOURNAL/jnpt/04.03/01253086-201610000-00005/5FSM1/v/2023-08-23T005522Z/r/image-gif

o
2
submax) and O2cost at fastest possible treadmill speeds and peak speeds at BSL testing.

Results:
Significant improvements were observed in

JOURNAL/jnpt/04.03/01253086-201610000-00005/5FSM1/v/2023-08-23T005522Z/r/image-gif

o
2
submax with less consistent improvements in O2cost, although individual responses varied substantially. Combined changes in both

JOURNAL/jnpt/04.03/01253086-201610000-00005/5FSM1/v/2023-08-23T005522Z/r/image-gif

o
2
submax and

JOURNAL/jnpt/04.03/01253086-201610000-00005/5FSM1/v/2023-08-23T005522Z/r/image-gif

o
2 at matched peak BSL speeds revealed stronger correlations to improvements in walking function as compared with either measure alone.

Discussion and Conclusions:
High-intensity stepping training may elicit significant improvements in

JOURNAL/jnpt/04.03/01253086-201610000-00005/5FSM1/v/2023-08-23T005522Z/r/image-gif

o
2
submax, whereas changes in both peak capacity and economy better reflect gains in walking function. Providing high-intensity training to improve locomotor and aerobic exercise performance may increase the efficiency of rehabilitation sessions.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A142).
The Perception and Costs of the Interview Process for Plastic Surgery Residency Programs: Can the Process Be Streamlined?
Authors: Susarla Srinivas M. , Swanson Edward W. , Slezak Sheri , Lifchez Scott D. , Redett Richard J. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The purpose of this study was to assess applicant perceptions and costs associated with the interview process for plastic surgery residency positions.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional survey of applicants to the integrated- and independent-track residencies at the authors’ institution. All applicants who were interviewed were invited to complete a Web-based survey on costs and perceptions of various components of the interview process. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed to compare applicants to the two program tracks.

Results:
Fifty-three applicants were interviewed for residency positions; 48 completed a survey (90.5 percent response rate). Thirty-four applicants were candidates for the integrated program; 16 applicants were candidates for the independent program. The program spent $2763 per applicant interviewed; 63 percent of applicants spent more than $5000 on the interview process. More than 70 percent of applicants missed more than 7 days of work to attend interviews. Independent applicants felt less strongly that interviews were critical to the selection process and placed less value on physically visiting the hospital and direct, in-person interaction. Applicants placed little value on program informational talks. Applicants who had experience with virtual interviews felt more positively about the format of a video interview relative to those who did not.

Conclusions:
The residency interview process is resource intensive for programs and applicants. Removing informational talks may improve the process. Making physical tours and in-person interviews optional are other alternatives that merit future study.
Using a structural root system model to evaluate and improve the accuracy of root image analysis pipelines
Authors: Lobet Guillaume , Koevoets Iko T. , Noll Manuel , Meyer Patrick E. , Tocquin Pierre , Pagès Loïc , Périlleux Claire 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRoot system analysis is a complex task, often performed with fully automated image analysis pipelines. However, the outcome is rarely verified by ground-truth data, which might lead to underestimated biases.We have used a root model, ArchiSimple, to create a large and diverse library of ground-truth root system images (10,000). For each image, three levels of noise were created. This library was used to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of several image descriptors classically used in root image analysis softwares.Our analysis highlighted that the accuracy of the different traits is strongly dependent on the quality of the images and the type, size and complexity of the root systems analysed. Our study also demonstrated that machine learning algorithms can be trained on a synthetic library to improve the estimation of several root system traits.Overall, our analysis is a call to caution when using automatic root image analysis tools. If a thorough calibration is not performed on the dataset of interest, unexpected errors might arise, especially for large and complex root images. To facilitate such calibration, both the image library and the different codes used in the study have been made available to the community.
Catalyzed Synthesis of Zinc Clays by Prebiotic Central Metabolites
Authors: Zhou Ruixin , Basu Kaustuv , Hartman Hyman , Matocha Christopher J. , Sears S. Kelly , Vali Hojatollah , Guzman Marcelo I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHow primordial metabolic networks such as the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle and clay mineral catalysts coevolved remains a mystery in the puzzle to understand the origin of life. While prebiotic reactions from the rTCA cycle were accomplished via photochemistry on semiconductor minerals, the synthesis of clays was demonstrated at low temperature and ambient pressure catalyzed by oxalate. Herein, the crystallization of clay minerals is catalyzed by succinate, an example of a photoproduced intermediate from central metabolism. The experiments connect the synthesis of sauconite, a model for clay minerals, to prebiotic photochemistry. We report the temperature, pH, and concentration dependence on succinate for the synthesis of sauconite identifying new mechanisms of clay formation in surface environments of rocky planets. The work demonstrates that seeding induces nucleation at low temperatures accelerating the crystallization process. Cryogenic and conventional transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and measurements of total surface area are used to build a three-dimensional representation of the clay. These results suggest the coevolution of clay minerals and early metabolites in our planet could have been facilitated by sunlight photochemistry, which played a significant role in the complex interplay between rocks and life over geological time.
ENVIREM: An expanded set of bioclimatic and topographic variables increases flexibility and improves performance of ecological niche modeling
Authors: Title Pascal O , Bemmels Jordan B 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpecies distribution modeling is a valuable tool with many applications across ecology and evolutionary biology. The selection of biologically meaningful environmental variables that determine relative habitat suitability is a crucial aspect of the modeling pipeline. The 19 bioclimatic variables from WorldClim are frequently employed, primarily because they are easily accessible and available globally for past, present and future climate scenarios. Yet, the availability of relatively few other comparable environmental datasets potentially limits our ability to select appropriate variables that will most successfully characterize a species’ distribution. We identified a set of 16 climatic and two topographic variables in the literature, which we call theenviremdataset, many of which are likely to have direct relevance to ecological or physiological processes determining species distributions. We generated this set of variables at the same resolutions as WorldClim, for the present, mid-Holocene, and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). For 20 North American vertebrate species, we then assessed whether including theenviremvariables led to improved species distribution models compared to models using only the existing WorldClim variables. We found that including the ENVIREM dataset in the pool of variables to select from led to substantial improvements in niche modeling performance in 17 out of 20 species. We also show that, when comparing models constructed with different environmental variables, differences in projected distributions were often greater in the LGM than in the present. These variables are worth consideration in species distribution modeling applications, especially as many of the variables have direct links to processes important for species ecology. We provide these variables for download at multiple resolutions and for several time periods at envirem.github.io. Furthermore, we have written the ‘envirem’ R package to facilitate the generation of these variables from other input datasets.