bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: A Review of the Evidence-Based Treatments
Authors: Ravindran Arun V , da Silva Tricia L , Ravindran Lakshmi N , Richter Margaret A , Rector Neil A 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To provide a review of the evidence-based treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSD), a group of conditions related to Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) by phenomenological and etiological similarities, the morbidity of which is increasingly recognized. Method: Literature relating to the following disorders: body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, trichotillomania, onychophagia, psychogenic excoriation, compulsive buying, kleptomania, and pathological gambling, and published between January 1965 and October 2007, was found using PubMed. Included in this review were 107 treatment reports. Results: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) have shown benefits as first-line, short-term treatments for body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, onychophagia, and psychogenic excoriation, with some benefits in trichotillomania, pathological gambling, and compulsive buying. There are also suggested benefits for several atypical antipsychotics in disorders with a high degree of impulsivity, including trichotillomania and pathological gambling, and to a lesser extent, kleptomania and psychogenic excoriation. Cognitive-behavioural interventions have generally shown evidence for use as first-line treatment across the spectrum, with some variability in degree of benefit. Conclusions: As in OCD, several conditions in the proposed OCSD benefit from SRIs and (or) cognitive-behavioural interventions. However, the treatment literature is generally limited, and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to evaluate individual and combination treatments, for short-term use and as maintenance.
Mood and Anxiety Disorders and the Use of Services and Psychotropic Medication in an Immigrant Population: Findings from the Israel National Health Survey
Authors: Ponizovsky Alexander M , Grinshpoon Alexander 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Using the Israel National Health Survey (INHS), we compared immigrants' 12-month prevalence of mental disorders and the use of services and psychotropic drugs with that of the general population. Methods: A representative sample of noninstitutionalized residents, aged 21 years and older, was drawn from the National Population Register. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorders were assessed using a revised version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Respondents were asked to report any health service and psychotropic drug use in the past 12 months. Results: During the 12 months preceding the INHS, immigrants and Israelis (that is, those born in Israel or those who emigrated to Israel before 1989) were equally likely to have a common mental disorder (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.1) and to use health services (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.2). However, among respondents who did not meet the DSM-IV criteria for a specific mental disorder, the immigrants reported markedly more use of psychotropic drugs than the Israelis, in particular more anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, and hypnotics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the common mental disorders and mental health service use among the immigrants are no higher than that among their Israeli counterparts. The higher use of psychotropic drugs by immigrants may be an indirect indicator of a higher level of psychological distress symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.
The National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada. Part 2: The People behind the Label
Authors: Crocker Anne G , Nicholls Tonia L , Seto Michael C , Charette Yanick , Côté Gilles , Caulet Malijai 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To examine the psychosocio-criminological characteristics of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD)–accused people and compare them across the 3 most populous provinces. In Canada, the number of people found NCRMD has risen during the past 20 years. The Criminal Code is federally legislated but provincially administered, and mental health services are provincially governed. Our study offers a rare opportunity to observe the characteristics and trajectories of NCRMD–accused people. Method: The National Trajectory Project examined 1800 men and women found NCRMD in British Columbia ( n = 222), Quebec ( n = 1094), and Ontario ( n = 484) between May 2000 to April 2005, followed until December 2008. Results: The most common primary diagnosis was a psychotic spectrum disorder. One-third of NCRMD–accused people had a severe mental illness and a concomitant substance use disorder, with British Columbia having the highest rate of dually diagnosed NCRMD–accused people. Most accused people (72.4%) had at least 1 prior psychiatric hospitalization. Two-thirds of index NCRMD offences were against the person, with a wide range of severity. Family members, followed by professionals, such as police and mental health care workers, were the most frequent victims. Quebec had the highest proportion of people with a mood disorder and the lowest median offence severity. There were both interprovincial differences and similarities in the characteristics of NCRMD-accused people. Conclusions: Contrary to public perception, severe violent offenses such as murder, attempted murder or sexual offences represent a small proportion of all NCRMD verdict offences. The results reveal a heterogeneous population regarding mental health and criminological characteristics in need of hierarchically organized forensic mental health services and levels of security. NCRMD—accused people were well known to civil psychiatric services prior to being found NCRMD. Risk assessment training and interventions to reduce violence and criminality should be a priority in civil mental health services.
The National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada. Part 3: Trajectories and Outcomes through the Forensic System
Authors: Crocker Anne G , Charette Yanick , Seto Michael C , Nicholls Tonia L , Côté Gilles , Caulet Malijai 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To examine the processing and Review Board (RB) disposition outcomes of people found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) across the 3 most populous provinces in Canada. Although the Criminal Code is federally legislated, criminal justice is administered by provinces and territories. It follows that a person with mental illness who comes into conflict with the law and subsequently comes under the management of a legally mandated RB may experience different trajectories across jurisdictions. Method: The National Trajectory Project examined 1800 men and women found NCRMD in British Columbia ( n = 222), Quebec ( n = 1094), and Ontario ( n = 484) between May 2000 and April 2005, followed until December 2008. Results: We found significant interprovincial differences in the trajectories of people found NCRMD, including time detained in hospital and time under the supervision of an RB. The odds of being conditionally or absolutely discharged by the RB varied across provinces, even after number of past offences, diagnosis at verdict, and most severe index offence (all covariates decreased likelihood of discharge) were considered. Conclusions: Considerable discrepancies in the application of NCRMD legislation and the processing of NCRMD cases through the forensic system across the provinces suggests that fair and equitable treatment under the law could be enhanced by increased national integration and collaboration.
Does Better Corporate Governance and Legal Framework Result in Ethical Behaviour of Firms in Emerging Markets? An Examination Using Partial Least Square Estimation
Authors: S Sreejesh , Mohapatra Sanjay 
Published: July 2017

Ethics is an all-pervasive subject of business, but its presence is rarely observed and measured in matters of corporate governance. From ethical point of view, the aim of corporate governance should be to ensure that certain moral standards are maintained and the legal system should be complied to while dealing with both external and internal business decisions that impact the stakeholders. However, the reality is that the companies concentrate on efficient governance mechanism at the cost of non-investor stakeholders with the objective to increase shareholder profitability and firm's short term financial value. This phenomenon gets pronounced in emerging markets. In this context, this study provides a detailed framework and a model for analysing how the governance and legal framework have an effect on the ethical behaviour of firms in 21 emerging markets. The findings of the study suggest that corporate governance and its legal framework do have an impact on ethical behaviour of firms in emerging markets. The results also suggest that firms operating in these countries tend to have a direct relationship with legal system and ethical behaviour and negative relationship with corporate governance and ethical behaviour.
Double Perspective
Authors: Ginsberg-Riggs Gina , Weiner Ann 
Published: July 2017

Help! I have been given your address as a possible avenue of information to help my son (as well as his mother). I would appreciate any information and suggestions of books to get. He is almost five. We have encouraged play instead of learning to this point. But about 3 weeks ago he decided to learn to read. He recognizes all of his letters and a few words already. We have been told this constitutes a “special” child. We have nothing to compare him with so I don't know how special. He can count as far as you have patience to listen and also can use those numbers to read prices and program the microwave, etc. His thirst for knowledge is seemingly endless. I hope this can help you tell me if you could be of service or if maybe he's just a kid. We really don't know. We have rap sessions in our gifted class because the other kids tease us and call us names. Some teachers are okay but others are just as mean as the kids. We think they are unfair, but we don't know how to stop it. Maybe the teachers who are in G/C/T can tell us how to make others understand that we are just kids who are smart and would like to be treated like everybody else. We are the parents of a very bright, inquisitive three and a half year old. Wanting to ensure our daughter is offered all she seeks in terms of an educational experience, we are currently attempting to find a program to enroll her in. As this is our first child and neither my wife nor myself are formal educators we are naturally at a loss for direction. Having just received our first issue of your magazine, we feel your resources are what we need. Would you please furnish us with needed contacts that could direct us to appropriate programs in the Long Island area. We eagerly await your communication.
Life beyond the Classroom
Authors: Contessa John , Dobey Daniel , Johnstone Judy Ramoy 
Published: July 2017

Outdoor education programs are ideal for meeting the special needs of gifted students. They provide numerous experiential activities that challenge students to use observation as well as higher level thinking skills. Also, such programs can encourage students to research and design projects based on individual needs and interests. A comment may be made, however, that the above mentioned experiences are appropriate for all students. The problem, then, is one of designing an outdoor education program that is suited for gifted students. This article will describe the summer enrichment program at Mount Saint Mary's College and how language arts skills were integrated with outdoor education to produce a qualitatively different program to meet the needs of gifted students.
Future Problem Solving
Authors: Hibel John 
Published: July 2017

Nearly 10 years ago I participated in Future Problem Solving (FPS) as part of a Talented and Gifted students program at my high school in Marietta, Ohio. The FPS Program, which teaches a creative and analytical approach to problem solving, and holds annual competitions for teams of students to practice the skills they learned, was a lot of fun. Unfortunately, as an educational tool, FPS probably comes under considerable scrutiny when budgets are tight, possibly because its benefits cannot be measured as easily as traditional teaching methods. Looking back, though, FPS was arguably one of the most applicable educational programs I have experienced to this day. Now, 10 years later, the feelings of my involvement are still vivid and I'm using the skills more than ever. I've built a career on problem solving, and as I look forward to the 40 years or so I have ahead of me in business, I rather imagine that I'll be positioning myself as someone who can come up with innovative solutions to problems by analyzing them from many different perspectives. That's the unique skill, the competitive advantage that I can bring to any position, now or in the future. However, regardless of what the future has in store for me, I can with certainty recognize Dr. Torrance's Future Problem Solving Program as one of the key experiences that has already contributed to my success.
Pincer Nail Deformity Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Majeski Candace , Ritchie Bruce , Giuffre Martin , Lauzon Gilles 
Published: July 2017

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with various systemic and cutaneous manifestations. Nail abnormalities, including onycholysis, red lunulae, pitting, and ridging, have been seen in patients with the disorder. To our knowledge, however, pincer nail deformity has yet to be reported coincident with the onset of SLE. Objective: We report a case of pincer nail deformity subsequent to the development of SLE and describe surgical treatment of the deformed nails. This is followed by a review of the literature. Conclusion: Acquired pincer nail is a dystrophy with numerous reported causative associations, including psoriasis, tumors of the nail apparatus, tinea ungium, ß-blocker usage, and now SLE. Pain from the resulting constriction can interfere greatly with daily activities and can be debilitating to the extent of requiring therapy.
Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Ting Patricia T. , Kasper Richard , Arlette John P. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma (MBCC) is defined as primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) that spreads to distant sites as histologically similar metastatic deposits of BCC. There are less than 300 reported cases of MBCC in the literature. Methods: This article examines two cases of MBCC and provides a literature review of risk factors inherent in epidemiology, patient demographics, and the clinicohistopathological characteristics of primary and metastatic BCC lesions. Results: MBCC is a rare complication of BCC with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with MBCC often begin with long-standing primary BCC lesions that are either large or recurrent after treatment. Cases of MBCC have a higher incidence of the more aggressive histologic patterns (morpheic, infiltrating, metatypical, and basosquamous). Perineural space invasion may be an indicator of aggressive disease. Metastases often involve regional lymph nodes, lungs, bone, and skin. Conclusion: These case reports and review provide important diagnostic and management considerations for primary BCC and MBCC. Early intervention with aggressive treatment measures may improve the prognosis and survival of MBCC patients.
Monitoring a Remote Phototherapy Unit via Telemedicine
Authors: Klotz Jennifer , Muir Linda , Cameron Crystal , Delaney Laura 
Published: July 2017

Background: The delivery of effective phototherapy to patients with psoriasis living in areas devoid of dermatologists is difficult. Telemedicine has proven useful in the delivery of health care in such locations. Objective: This evidence-based study sought to investigate the use of telemedicine in the monitoring of phototherapy of psoriasis patients located in a Nova Scotia region with no dermatologist. Methods: Psoriatic patients were reviewed six months before and after protocols and monitoring were instituted. First, charts of 23 patient treated with phototherapy were reviewed from the Aberdeen Hospital in New Glasgow. Patients were either self-referred or referred by a family physician and occasionally a dermatologist. Treatments were not monitored by a specialist. Second, a group of 33 patients receiving treatment were supervised via telemedicine by a dermatologist 250 km away in Halifax. Results: During the study period, treatment time decreased from 140 to 37 days. In the monitored group, 40% more patients were clear of psoriasis at time of discharge. The number of patients with side effects decreased. The number of self-and family practice–referred patients dropped; the clinic became a referral center for dermatologists. Conclusion: Telemedicine provided an excellent way to monitor patients receiving phototherapy in an area without a dermatologist. Overall, patient care improved: More patients were treated effectively with better outcomes and fewer side effects.
Off-Label Dermatologic Uses of Anti-TNF-a Therapies
Authors: Alexis Andrew F. , Strober Bruce E. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an immunomodulatory role in a variety of systemic and dermatologic diseases. Currently, three anti-TNF-a drugs are available in North America— infliximab (approved in the U.S. for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, and psoriatic arthritis), etanercept (approved in the U.S. for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis), and adalimumab (approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis). Objective: To review the current literature supporting alternative (and currently off-label) dermatologic uses of TNF-a antagonists. Methods: A MEDLINE search (1966-March 2005) was conducted using the keywords “infliximab,” “etanercept,” “adalimumab,” “TNF inhibitors,” and “off-label” to identify published reports of off-label dermatologic uses of TNF-a inhibitors. Results: Anti-TNF-a therapies have been reported in the following dermatologic diseases: sarcoidosis, hidradenitis suppuritiva, cicatricial pemphigoid, Behçet's disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, apthous stomatitis, Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, SAPHO syndrome, pityriasis rubra pilaris, eosinophilic fasciitis, Panniculitis, Crohn's disease, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, dermatomyositis, and scleroderma. The vast majority of these reports are in the form of individual case reports and small case series. Only two published randomized controlled trials involving the off-label use of a TNF inhibitor were found. Conclusions: A growing number of published reports suggest that anti-TNF-a therapies may be effective in the treatment of numerous inflammatory skin diseases outside their currently approved indications.
Clinical Efficacy of Efalizumab in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: Results from Three Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trials: Part I
Authors: Pariser David M. , Gordon Kenneth B. , Papp Kim A. , Leonardi Craig L. , Kwon Paul , Compton Peter G. , Rundle Amy Chen , Walicke Patricia A. , Lebwohl Mark 
Published: July 2017

Background: Effective psoriasis therapies are needed for long-term symptom control. ObjectiveAssess efalizumab (Raptiva®) efficacy in a large cohort of psoriasis patients. Methods: Data from three Phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies were pooled. Patients ( n = 1,651) with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis received 12 weeks of subcutaneous efalizumab 1 or 2 mg/kg/wk or placebo. Remits: All efficacy measures reached statistical significance within each of the individual studies ( p < 0.001) and overall. More efalizumab-treated patients achieved > 75% and ≥ 50% Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) improvement at week 12 than did placebo-treated patients (27.8% vs 3.8% [ p < 0.001] and 56.1% vs 14.6% [ p < 0.001], respectively). Significant PASI improvements occurred as early as week 2 (12.5% vs 7.9%, p =0.0001). Adverse events were generally mild to moderate. Conclusion: Efalizumab resulted in early and significant improvement for all efficacy endpoints and was well tolerated in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis.
Rights Theories in the American Constitutional Tradition
Authors: Friedman James 
Published: July 2017

After nearly two centuries of American constitutional law judges and scholars continue to disagree as to the nature and source of constitutional rights. Thus there is also disagreement as to the nature of the judicial task in constitutional cases. In this paper I identify three basic approaches to constitutional rights: The textualist theory supposes that judges can resolve constitutional disputes by relying upon the text of the constitution. The traditionalist theory asserts that political and cultural traditions are the true sources of constitutional rights. And the rationalist theory of rights states that we must fashion our constitutional liberties from our own moral and political theories. I argue that the textualist theory is untenable and that the traditionalist theory is ill-defined. The rationalist theory is coherent, but sheds no light upon the necessary choice of a particular moral or political theory.
Fetal Biometry in Obstetric Practice
Authors: Harrison Gill , Aitken Vickie 
Published: July 2017

Fetal biometry plays an important role in every woman's antenatal care. As clinical decisions are based on these measurements it is imperative that standards are kept high and all departments use standardised charts. Thus minimising inaccurate diagnoses in fetal dating and growth estimation, which may have serious consequences for fetal well being. Standardisation of fetal biometry was assessed by circulating a postal questionnaire to superintendent sonographers in 121 hospitals within the Thames regions. The main aims were to determine whose charts were in use and the measurement techniques employed; to investigate the impact of more recently published charts; and to study other related issues. A 49% response rate was achieved. Results demonstrated a lack of standardisation in the use of all charts for fetal biometry, with the exception of the crown rump length charts. A number of discrepancies were noted in the measurement techniques employed, when compared to the charts in use. These findings are discussed in relation to clinical practice.