bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and Antifungal Thioglycolic Acid‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles and Their Application on Wool Fabric as a Durable Antimicrobial Treatment
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Mahbubul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCurrently used silver nanoparticle‐based antimicrobial treatments are effective against bacteria and certain fungi but they have limited durability to washing. In this work, the surface of silver nanoparticles was modified with thioglycolic acid (TGA) to further enhance their antimicrobial activities and also to enable their binding to the surface of wool fibre. Silver nanoparticles were characterised by FTIR, UV‐vis spectroscopy and TEM. The TGA‐capped silver nanoparticles were covalently bonded to wool fibre surface by using 1‐ethyl‐3‐[3‐dimethylaminopropyl]‐carbodiimide hydrochloride in combination with N‐hydroxysuccinimide to provide enhanced durability to multiple washings, which is an issue for the nanosilver‐based treatments used in wool textiles. The antimicrobial activities of this treated wool fabric were compared with the wool fabric treated with trisodium citrate (TSC)‐capped silver nanoparticles (bonded by a silicone resin). The TGA‐capped silver nanoparticle‐treated wool fabric not only showed superhydrophilicity and excellent durability to washing but also excellent antibacterial activity along with moderate to excellent antifungal activity. The wool fabric treated with TSC‐capped silver nanoparticles showed strong hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity but no antifungal activity. This work demonstrates that silver nanoparticles can be made antifungal by the capping with TGA and also the durability of the treatment to washing can be considerably enhanced.
Short Peptide Amphiphile Cage Facilitate Engineering of Gold Nanoparticles Under the Laser Field
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Mishra Narendra K. , Gupta Shradhey , Joshi Khashti B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEngineering of nanomaterials for nanotechnological applications is always in high demand. In this work, we have designed four special classes of short peptide amphiphiles (sPA) consisting hydrophobic palmitoyl tail which is conjugated with di‐tryptophan unit followed by a nonaromatic acid(s). We observed that variation in head group of sPA according to the hydrophobicity scale provide variation in their self assembly too, therefore used for the engineering of the especial class of metal‐organic nanohybrids. The sPA containing highly hydrophobic head exhibit vesicular morphology in organic and aqueous organic solvents and exposure of sunlight to the solution of sPA with Au(III) ions leads to the formation of multi‐shaped AuNPs followed by encapsulation by sPA envelope. The purified gold colliod was further irradiated by continuous wave (CW) laser of 532 nm wavelength which leads to the conversion of multi‐shaped AuNPs into uniform shape and size as confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. Prolonged irradiation by laser, leads to the plasmonic welding of AuNPs which is mainly guided by sPA envelope produced, nanorods of submicron length. Such template guided laser induced engineering of AuNRs can show the potential applications in the field of nano‐medicine, bio‐nanotechnology and theranostics.
Spatially Placed Tryptophan Residues: A Strategy for Generating Molecules with Unique Self‐Assembly and Molecular Recognition Properties
Authors: Haridas V. , Kumar P. P. Praveen , Bhardwaj Ishanki , Venugopalan P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe designed and synthesized a series of tryptophan (Trp) containing molecules R1‐R5 with an aim to study their self‐assembly and molecular recognition properties. These Trp‐based designer compounds showed unique self‐assembly, dye‐encapsulation, and anion binding properties. All Trp‐compounds reported here showed “turn‐on” fluorescence with H2PO4−. Compound R2 showed sensing of I−, while R4 formed organogel with good mechanical strength.
Effective Hydrodeoxygenation of Stearic Acid and Cyperus Esculentus Oil into Liquid Alkanes over Nitrogen‐Modified Carbon Nanotube‐Supported Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Li Jiang , Wang Shuai , Liu He‐Yang , Zhou Hong‐jun , Fu Yao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNitrogen‐modified carbon nanotube‐supported ruthenium catalyst was demonstrated to be effective in the conversion of crude cyperus esculentus oil into linear liquid alkanes. The model compound stearic acid was nearly quantitatively converted into liquid alkanes, and the yields of n‐heptadecane and n‐octadecane were 89.5 % and 8.5 %, respectively. The mass yield of liquid alkanes from crude cyperus esculentus oil was 76.6 %, which was very close to the theoretical yield. The catalyst could be reused at least six times without loss of catalytic activity during the conversion of oil. We found that the nitrogen modification of the carbon nanotube support was beneficial to form more Ru0 species, which exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability towards the hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid and plant oil.
Anisotropic Phase Formation Induced Enhancement of Resistive Switching in Bio–based Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Crystals.
Authors: Sasi Renjith , Jinesh K. B. , Devaki Sudha J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe stimuli‐responsive orientation of liquid crystals having ionic appendages seems to have a great impact on the modern age molecular electronics. Low cost environmentally benign materials is the need of current century ailing from various severe environmental backlashes. Here we are presenting a stimuli‐responsive ionic liquid crystal derived from an industrial waste by‐product as a resistive memory material for soft and flexible electronics. Thermal and potential responsive ordering of this imidazolium‐based ionic liquid crystal would be benefited in the design of high performance non‐volatile memory devices. Potential‐responsive ordering of the liquid crystalline mesophase is responsible for the orientation of charge carriers to improve the charge conduction of the system.
Ambient CO Oxidation on In‐Situ Generated Co3O4 Spinel Surfaces with Random Morphology
Authors: Dubey Anjani , Reddy Kasala Prabhakar , Gopinath Chinnakonda S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSimple surface oxidation of polycrystalline Co‐metal surfaces with molecular oxygen leads to Co3O4 spinel with random morphology. Co2+/Co3+ ratio can be fine‐tuned by oxygen partial pressure and temperature. Predominant Co2+‐containing surfaces was shown to exhibit sustainable ambient CO oxidation activity at ambient temperatures even in the presence of up to 30 ppm moisture content in the reaction feed. Co oxidation by molecular oxygen, random morphology and tolerance towards moisture content up to 30 ppm makes the present effort attractive and also provide further scope to improve the catalytic performance. Our results complement and broaden the ambient CO oxidation catalysis reported for Co3O4 nanorod.
Divergent and Stereospecific Routes to Five to Eight‐Membered 1,3‐ and 1,4‐Di‐Aza‐Heterocycles via Ring‐Opening Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with Aryl Amines
Authors: Pradhan Sajan , Shahi Chandan Kumar , Bhattacharyya Aditya , Chauhan Navya , Ghorai Manas K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA divergent and modular synthetic approach to a series of substituted imidazolidines, piperazines, 1,4‐diazepanes, and 1,4‐diazocanes via an SN2‐type ring opening of activated aziridines with aryl amines and a subsequent base‐mediated coupling with suitable dihaloalkanes is developed. The highly efficient strategy (yield up to 96 %) is amenable to a wide range of substrates and furnishes the desired products with excellent stereospecificity (ee up to >99 %).
Sodium chlorate, a major water disinfection byproduct, alters brush border membrane enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism and impairs antioxidant system of Wistar rat intestine
Authors: Ali Shaikh Nisar , Ansari Fariheen Aisha , Khan Aijaz Ahmed , Mahmood Riaz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSodium chlorate (NaClO3) is a widely used nonselective herbicide. It is also generated as a by‐product during disinfection of drinking water by chlorine dioxide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaClO3 on rat intestine. Adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control and remaining four groups were administered orally different doses of NaClO3 and sacrificed 24 h after the treatment. The administration of NaClO3 produced acute oxidative stress in the intestine, which manifested in the form of markedly enhanced malondialdehyde levels and carbonyl content and lowered total sulfhydryl groups and glutathione levels. The activities of several brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes were greatly reduced as compared to control. There were alterations in the activities of various enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and those involved in maintaining the antioxidant defense system. Histological studies support the biochemical results showing NaClO3 dose‐dependent increase in tissue damage. Thus, the present study shows that oral administration of NaClO3 decreases the activities of BBM enzymes, induces oxidative stress, alters metabolic pathways, and impairs the antioxidant system of rat intestine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1607–1616, 2017.
CASTOR, a new instrument for combined XRR‐GIXRF analysis at SOLEIL
Authors: Ménesguen Y. , Boyer B. , Rotella H. , Lubeck J. , Weser J. , Beckhoff B. , Grötzsch D. , Kanngießer B. , Novikova A. , Nolot E. , Lépy M.‐C. 
Published: January 2017

A new instrument called CASTOR is operated at the SOLEIL synchrotron facility and is dedicated to the characterization of thin films with thicknesses in the nanometer range. The instrument can combine X‐ray reflectivity measurements with fluorescence (XRF) acquisitions and especially total reflection X‐ray fluorescence‐related techniques such as grazing incidence XRF. The instrument was successfully installed and operated on the two branches of the metrology beamline making possible experiments over a wide range of photon energies (45 eV to 40 keV). A heating sample holder was developed to allow the sample temperature to be controlled up to 300° C. Some examples of the first studies are given to illustrate the capabilities of the setup. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An unusual pre-ligamentous thenar motor branch of the median nerve
Authors: Al-Qattan Mohammad M. , Al-Zahrani Khalid 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The pre-ligamentous variant of the thenar motor branch (TMB) of the median nerve is extremely rare. In all previously reported cases, the branch arose from the radial or antero-radial aspect of the median nerve in the distal forearm and then pierced the antebrachial fascia to reach the thenar muscles. We report on a case in which the pre-ligamentous TMB not only arose from the ulnar side of the median nerve but it also remained deep to both the antebrachial fascia and the transverse carpal ligament until it reached the thenar muscles. The course of this variant puts the TMB at significant risk of injury during both open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release.
Level of Evidence: Level V, risk study.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polysiloxane Grafted Polyamide‐Amine Surfactants
Authors: Wang Xuechuan , Sun Siwei , Wang Haijun , Guo Xiaoxiao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDendritic‐linear surfactants 1G PAMAM–Si and 2G PAMAM–Si were prepared by grafting the single epoxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane (SEPDMS) onto the 1G and 2G dendritic polyamide‐amine (PAMAM), respectively. SEPDMS was synthesized by hydrogen‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane and allyl glycidyl ether in chloroplatinic acid. The optimum grafting conditions were obtained by single‐factor experiments when the mole ratio of SEPDMS and PAMAM was 0.95:1, the reaction temperature was 60 °C, the reaction time was 5 h and the solvent percentage was 60%. The molecular structure of PAMAM–Si was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatograph and potentiometric acid‐base titration. Furthermore, the stability, surface activity and emulsifying ability of the prepared surfactants were studied. The results showed that PAMAM–Si has high stability against dilution, acids, alkalies and salts. PAMAM–Si surfactants can significantly reduce the surface tension of water. And 2G PAMAM–Si is superior to 1G PAMAM–Si at the ability of emulsifying oil.
Explaining the Immigrant Health Advantage: Self-selection and Protection in Health-Related Factors Among Five Major National-Origin Immigrant Groups in the United States
Authors: Riosmena Fernando , Kuhn Randall , Jochem Warren C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite being newcomers, immigrants often exhibit better health relative to native-born populations in industrialized societies. We extend prior efforts to identify whether self-selection and/or protection explain this advantage. We examine migrant height and smoking levels just prior to immigration to test for self-selection; and we analyze smoking behavior since immigration, controlling for self-selection, to assess protection. We study individuals aged 20–49 from five major national origins: India, China, the Philippines, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. To assess self-selection, we compare migrants, interviewed in the National Health and Interview Surveys (NHIS), with nonmigrant peers in sending nations, interviewed in the World Health Surveys. To test for protection, we contrast migrants’ changes in smoking since immigration with two counterfactuals: (1) rates that immigrants would have exhibited had they adopted the behavior of U.S.-born non-Hispanic whites in the NHIS (full “assimilation”); and (2) rates that migrants would have had if they had adopted the rates of nonmigrants in sending countries (no-migration scenario). We find statistically significant and substantial self-selection, particularly among men from both higher-skilled (Indians and Filipinos in height, Chinese in smoking) and lower-skilled (Mexican) undocumented pools. We also find significant and substantial protection in smoking among immigrant groups with stronger relative social capital (Mexicans and Dominicans).
Education and training of clinical and translational study investigators and research coordinators: A competency-based approach
Authors: Calvin-Naylor Nancy A. , Jones Carolynn Thomas , Wartak Michelle M. , Blackwell Karen , Davis Jonathan M. , Divecha Ruthvick , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Kieburtz Karl , Koziel Margaret J. , Luzuriaga Katherine , Maddox Jennifer , Needler Nancy A. , Murphy Susan , Pemberton Kieran , Radovich Catherine , Rubinstein Eric P. , Selker Harry P. , Tenaerts Pamela , Unsworth Kelly , Wilson Kay , Wright Jonelle E. , Barohn Richard , Shanley Thomas P. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionTraining for the clinical research workforce does not sufficiently prepare workers for today’s scientific complexity; deficiencies may be ameliorated with training. The Enhancing Clinical Research Professionals’ Training and Qualifications developed competency standards for principal investigators and clinical research coordinators.MethodsClinical and Translational Science Awards representatives refined competency statements. Working groups developed assessments, identified training, and highlighted gaps.ResultsForty-eight competency statements in 8 domains were developed.ConclusionsTraining is primarily investigator focused with few programs for clinical research coordinators. Lack of training is felt in new technologies and data management. There are no standardized assessments of competence.
“Dressed in an Angel's Nightshirt”: Jesus and the BBC
Authors: Veldman Meredith 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article examines images of Jesus broadcast on the BBC from the 1930s through the 1950s. During these years, the BBC sought to use its cultural influence to replace popular religiosity with what the clerics who staffed its Religious Broadcasting Department (RBD) regarded as a more masculine, modern, and vigorous national religious faith. To achieve this aim, the RBD marshaled the might of British New Testament scholarship and its image of a warrior-like, apocalyptic historical Jesus. Yet the RBD's hopes of bridging the gap between popular religiosity and its own vision of Christianity went unrealized. Programs on Jesus that reached a genuinely national audience—The Man Born to be King, Dorothy L. Sayers's wartime radio drama, andJesus of Nazareth, a popular television series from the 1950s—instead featured Anglicized and ahistorical images deeply embedded within British popular culture. The story of Jesus on the BBC highlights both this popular culture's strength and Christian Britain's fragmentation.
The Chartists and the Constitution: Revisiting British Popular Constitutionalism
Authors: Gibson Josh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite having a powerful influence on the historiography of radicalism and nineteenth-century politics for the past several decades, the language of the constitution has not recently received scholarly attention. In Chartist and radical historiography, the constitution is usually treated as a narrative of national political development. This article extends the horizons of Chartist constitutionalism by exploring its similarities with American constitutionalism. By doing so, it also opens up questions regarding the ideas of the movement. Like the Americans sixty years before, the Chartists were confronted by a parliament that they believed had superseded its constitutional authority. This perception was informed by a belief that the constitution rested on the authority of the fixed principles of fundamental law, which they argued placed limits beyond which Parliament had no power to reach. As a result, the Chartists imagined that the British constitution functioned like a written constitution. To support this claim, they drew on a sophisticated interpretation of English law that argued that the common law was closely related to natural law.
Sudden cardiac death in the young: the value of exercise testing
Authors: Stephens Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPaediatric exercise stress testing has historically been used to assess the functional status of patients after repair of CHDs and to assess the efficacy of medical or device therapy in patients with arrhythmias. Exercise stress testing is one of very few hospital- or clinic-based tests that can assess the response of the cardiopulmonary system in an environment that simulates the body’s response to vigorous play and competitive sport. Exercise stress testing is therefore a useful modality in the assessment of child and athletes at risk for sudden cardiac death. The author discusses some cardiovascular maladies that can cause sudden cardiac death by utilising case illustrations as a learning tool.
Morbidities in the ultra-athlete and marathoner
Authors: Cunningham Taylor C. , Maghrabi Khadijah , Sanatani Shubhayan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe cardiovascular benefits of habitual exercise are well documented. In the current era, more of the population is exceeding the recommendations for physical activity as the popularity of endurance events increases. Recent data have proposed a U-shaped relationship between exercise intensity and cardiovascular outcomes. Regular participation in endurance activities has been shown to result in structural and functional changes in the heart. This re-modelling may be the substrate for cardiac dysfunction or arrhythmias. The risk of sudden cardiac death may also be elevated; however, in most cases of sudden cardiac death, the cause can be linked to an underlying cardiac pathology where exercise acted as the trigger for a lethal arrhythmia. This article serves to review whether excessive exercise may result in harm in some athletes.
How implantable cardioverter-defibrillators work and simple programming
Authors: Bryant Randall M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFollowing the sudden death of a friend in 1966, Dr Michel Mirowski began pioneering work on the first implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. By 1969 he had developed an experimental model and performed the first transvenous defibrillation. In 1970 he reported on the use of a “standby automatic defibrillator” that was tested successfully in dogs. He postulated that such a device “when adapted for clinical use, might be implanted temporarily or permanently in selected patients particularly prone to develop ventricular fibrillation and thus provide them with some degree of protection from sudden coronary death”. In 1980 he reported on the first human implants of an “electronic device designed to monitor cardiac electrical activity, to recognise ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias … and then to deliver corrective defibrillatory discharges”. Through innovations in circuitry, battery, and capacitor technologies, the current implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is 10 times smaller and exponentially more sophisticated than that first iteration. This article will review the inner workings of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and outline several features that make it the wonder in technology that it has become.
Gene-metabolite network analysis in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease phenotypes
Authors: Liu Xiao-Lin , Ming Ya-Nan , Zhang Jing-Yi , Chen Xiao-Yu , Zeng Min-De , Mao Yi-Min 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe sought to identify common key regulators and build a gene-metabolite network in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) phenotypes. We used a high-fat diet (HFD), a methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCDD) and streptozocin (STZ) to establish nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFL+type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat models, respectively. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed in rat livers and serum. A functional network-based regulation model was constructed using Cytoscape with information derived from transcriptomics and metabolomics. The results revealed that 96 genes, 17 liver metabolites and 4 serum metabolites consistently changed in different NAFLD phenotypes (>2-fold,P<0.05). Gene-metabolite network analysis identified ccl2 and jun as hubs with the largest connections to other genes, which were mainly involved in tumor necrosis factor, P53, nuclear factor-kappa B, chemokine, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The specifically regulated genes and metabolites in different NAFLD phenotypes constructed their own networks, which were mainly involved in the lipid and fatty acid metabolism in HFD models, the inflammatory and immune response in MCDD models, and the AMPK signaling pathway and response to insulin in HFD+STZ models. Our study identified networks showing the general and specific characteristics in different NAFLD phenotypes, complementing the genetic and metabolic features in NAFLD with hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations.