bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porosity Regulation of Surfactant‐Assisted Glycerol Organosolv Lignin Modified Hyper‐Cross‐Linked Polymers and Their Efficient Adsorption for Dyes From Water
Authors: Wang Zhoujian , Zeng Xin , Shao Lishu , Liu Na , Wang Hao'nan , Tang Yulian , Zhan Peng , Zhang Lin , Wu Zhiping 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHere, we tried to use the natural biomass resources (lignin) to modify porous organic polymers (POPs) and expected to reduce the preparation cost and enhance the adsorption performance. Specifically, the surfactant‐assisted glycerol organosolv lignin (saGO lignin) was used as the modified agents to prepare lignin modified hyper‐cross‐linked polymers (LHCPs) by the copolymerization and Friedel‐Crafts reaction. We investigated the effect of synthesis conditions (the types and dosages of crosslinkers, the feeding amount of lignin, and so on) on the structure and adsorption performance of LHCPs. The results showed that divinyl benzene (DVB) crosslinked LHCP‐D (1041.3 m2/g) showed higher specific areas (S

BET
) than N,N′‐methylene diacrylamide (MBA) crosslinked LHCP‐M (183.1 m2/g), and the S

BET
had a certain increase with increasing the amount of DVB. Intriguingly, the S

BET
and micropore volume (V

micro
) of LHCPs appeared a linear decrease with the increase of lignin dosage, meanwhile, their morphology had a change from irregular block to agglomerated spherical particles, indicated their porosity and morphology can be well controlled. The Rhodamine B (RhB) adsorption experiments indicated that these LHCPs possessed fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time < 240 min) and good recycling performance, especially, LHCP‐D (lignin of 0.5 g, DVB of 1.0 g, catalyst of 3.0 g, reaction time of 10 h) showed the ultrahigh adsorption capacity, up to 743.7 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism was preliminarily investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and adsorption models analysis, we found that the physical adsorption played the dominated roles by the π–π interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction. This work not only offered an important reference for the high‐value utilization of lignin, but also provided an effective sustainable adsorbent for environmental remediation.
The potential of phenomic selection for the joint Ethiopian malt barley breeding program
Authors: Setotaw Tesfahun Alemu , Wilde Peer , Bernal Vasquez Angela Maria , Gebretsadik Rebeka , Lakew Berhane , Shiferaw Tigist , Difabachew Yohannes Fekadu , Jannink Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhenomic selection is an alternative approach to genomic selection that uses near‐infrared spectra information to predict the performance of genotypes. This research assessed the effectiveness of phenomic selection in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using data from 21 trials carried out at Bekoji, Kofele, Holetta, Debre Markos, and Debre Berhane in Ethiopia from 2018 to 2021. Fivefold cross‐validation analysis showed robust predictability for traits, ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, 1000‐kernel weight, and grain yield. Days to heading and days to maturity showed similar correlation patterns across the ranges of the wavelengths. Days to heading and 1000‐kernel weight were positively and negatively correlated along the range of the wavelength above 1800 nm, respectively. Forward validation using an independent set of genotypes provided predictability above 0.3 for all traits. This result underscores the effectiveness of phenomic selection and its potential application in low‐budget, small‐scale breeding programs. The study affirmed the Ethiopian barley breeding program could implement phenomic selection as a routine selection tool without extra cost.
Evaluating multivariate charts: A first‐to‐signal criterion approach
Authors: Haq Abdul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study advances the application of the first‐to‐signal (FTS) concept to evaluate the effectiveness of multivariate charts when detecting shifts in the mean vector of a multivariate normally distributed process. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate steady‐state average run‐length profiles and the probabilities of multivariate charts being the FTS an out‐of‐control state. Notably, our findings indicate that while the multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) chart serves as a viable alternative to the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) chart when detecting small shifts in the process mean vector, the latter surpasses the former in detecting moderate‐to‐large shifts. In addition, the Hotelling's chart outperforms the MEWMA and MCUSUM charts when detecting large shifts.
Design of the Single Heterogeneous Quantum Dot Lasers Emitting 4 Wavelengths Using Combination‐Grating Technology
Authors: Ge Qing , Wang Jun , Zhai Hao , Liu Shuaicheng , Chen Yanan , Mao Kaize , Liu Chuanjiang , Liu Hao , Bai Yiming , Huang Yongqing , Ren Xiaomin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMulti‐wavelength light sources are crucial for high‐bandwidth silicon photonic chips. In this paper, a single heterogeneous quantum dot distributed feedback (DFB) laser emitting 4 wavelengths using the combination‐grating technology is designed. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first heterogeneously integrated quantum dot DFB laser that lases stable multi‐wavelength in a single cavity. When the etching depth, etching width, and total length of gratings are 100 , 550 nm, and 1 000 µm, respectively, 4‐wavelength with 1297.01 , 1303.38 , 1309.74 , and 1316.11 nm are obtained by varying the grating period from 196 to 199 nm with the spacing of 1 nm. Compared to the conventional DFB laser arrays, the DFB laser units are significantly reduced by 3/4 while maintaining the same number of output wavelengths. Additionally, by optimizing the λ/4 phase‐shift position and the duty cycle of gratings, the output power at the front‐end of the 4‐wavelength laser is significantly improved. Specifically, the ratio of the output power from the front‐end and rear‐end of the laser increases from the conventional 1.00 to 2.51. This work provides a competitive candidate for multi‐wavelength, high‐performance, and large‐scale silicon‐based light sources used in data centers, lidar, and component detection.
Biogenic Synthesis of Cr‐Doped NiO/Clay Composite for Improved Dye Removal and CO2 Capture Studies
Authors: Elahi Muhammad Saqib , Taj Muhammad Babar , Almasoudi Afaf , Baamer Doaa F. , Aldahiri Reema H. , Aldosari Eman , Ali Omar Makram , Aroob Sadia , Alshater Heba 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current work was designed to eliminate reactive yellow 18 dye (RY‐18) via adsorption from water, and CO2 from the gas stream, using the tragacanth gum‐based Cr doped NiO N.P.s/Clay (GCNC) composite. The one‐pot synthesis approach was used to produce the adsorbent, and physical and chemical properties were assessed using techniques like XRD, FTIR, UV‐visible spectroscopy, SEM, DLS, Zeta Potential, and adsorption–desorption isotherm. The GCNC composite demonstrated an impressive adsorption potential and percentage removal of 398 mg/g and 91.28%, respectively. Temkin and intraparticle diffusion models with R2 values of 0.98401 and 0.99918 were the most effective at fitting the experimental adsorption model. The thermodynamics parameters, including the change in enthalpy (H), entropy (S), and Gibbs free energy (G), demonstrated the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. A positive H value indicates an endothermic process, while a negative G value indicates a spontaneous process. According to the isotherms fitting model, the capacity for adsorbing CO2 at 25 °C and 1 atm was 4.8 mmol/g. The significant correlation between the slope in the log‐linear plot of the isosteric heat of adsorption and CO2 adsorption performance indicates that the isosteric heat of adsorption can be used as a predictive tool for CO2 adsorption performance. These significant results underscore the potential of the GCNC composite to revolutionize the water treatment field and CO2 capture, offering hope for a more sustainable and cleaner future.
Green‐Mediated Synthesis of Facile Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Dioscorea alata as an Effective Metal Sensing Platform
Authors: George Neenu , Joy Jithin , Koshy Ebey P , Mathew Beena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNew nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) made from Dioscorea alata (DA) extract as the carbon and nitrogen source using the hydrothermal method provide a straightforward approach for extremely sensitive and selective quantification of Cu (II) ions. In this method, aqueous extract of DA served as the carbon source and aqueous ammonia was used as the nitrogen dopant. To characterize NCQDs, a variety of analytical approaches have been utilized. The average size of NCQDs was analyzed using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was found to be 6.54 nm. Using X‐ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectroscopy, the graphitic nature of the green synthesized NCQDs was investigated. Strong green fluorescence was generated under 365 nm excitation of NCQDs, with an emission wavelength of around 460 nm. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirms the presence of various functional groups in the synthesized NCQDs. The NCQDs have the potential to serve as an extremely sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for Cu (II) ion detection, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of −0.9927 and a limit of detection of 4.2 nm. The NCQDs were then employed as probes to detect Cu (II) ions in river water and tap water.
Structure, Properties, and Applications of Silica Nanoparticles: Recent Theoretical Modeling Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: McLean Ben , Yarovsky Irene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSilica nanoparticles (SNPs), one of the most widely researched materials in modern science, are now commonly exploited in surface coatings, biomedicine, catalysis, and engineering of novel self‐assembling materials. Theoretical approaches are invaluable to enhancing fundamental understanding of SNP properties and behavior. Tremendous research attention is dedicated to modeling silica structure, the silica‐water interface, and functionalization of silica surfaces for tailored applications. In this review, the range of theoretical methodologies are discussed that have been employed to model bare silica and functionalized silica. The evolution of silica modeling approaches is detailed, including classical, quantum mechanical, and hybrid methods and highlight in particular the last decade of theoretical simulation advances. It is started with discussing investigations of bare silica systems, focusing on the fundamental interactions at the silica‐water interface, following with a comprehensively review of the modeling studies that examine the interaction of silica with functional ligands, peptides, ions, surfactants, polymers, and carbonaceous species. The review is concluded with the perspective on existing challenges in the field and promising future directions that will further enhance the utility and importance of the theoretical approaches in guiding the rational design of SNPs for applications in engineering and biomedicine.
Deciphering the Impact of Current, Composition, and Potential on the Lithiation Behavior of Si‐Rich Silicon‐Graphite Anodes
Authors: Schweigart Philipp , Hua Weicheng , Sánchez Pedro Alonso , Lian Camilla , Nylund Inger‐Emma , Wragg David , Lai Samson Yuxiu , Cova Federico , Svensson Ann Mari , Blanco Maria Valeria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdding silicon (Si) to graphite (Gr) anodes is an effective approach for boosting the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries, but it also triggers mechanical instability due to Si volume changes upon (de)lithiation reactions. In this work, component‐specific (de)lithiation dynamics on Si‐rich (30 and 70 wt.% Si) SiGr anodes at various charge/discharge C‐rates are unveiled and compared to a graphite‐only electrode (100Gr) via operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction coupled with differential capacity plots analysis. Results show preferential lithiation of amorphous Si above ≈200 mV and competing lithiation of Gr, amorphous Si, and crystalline Si below ≈200 mV. Discharge proceeds via sequential delithiation of Gr and amorphous lithium silicide. Si shifts the interconversion potentials of graphite intercalation compounds, lowering the Gr state of charge compared to 100Gr. In the 30% Si electrode, crystalline Si amorphization at potentials <110 mV is found to be kinetically hindered at C‐rates higher than C/5, which can be key for enhancing the cycling stability of SiGr anodes. The 70% Si electrode exhibits restricted lithium diffusion in Gr, full Si amorphization, and Li15Si4 formation. These findings related to the potential‐ and current‐dependent dynamic changes on SiGr blends are crucial for designing stable high energy density SiGr anodes.
XPS Binding Energy Shifts in 2D Ti3C2Tz MXene go largely Beyond Intuitive Explanations: Rationalization from DFT Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Brette Florian , Célérier Stéphane , Canaff Christine , Loupias Lola , Paris Michael , Habrioux Aurélien , Boucher Florent , Mauchamp Vincent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMXenes are prototypes of surface tunable 2D materials with vast potential for properties tuning. Accurately characterizing their surface functionalization and its role in electronic structure is crucial, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) being among the go‐to methods to do so. Despite extensive use, XPS analysis remains however intricate. Focusing on the benchmark MXene Ti3C2Tz, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of core‐level binding energy shifts (BE.s.) are combined with experiments in order to provide a quantitative interpretation of XPS spectra. This approach demonstrates that BE.s. are driven by the complex interplay between chemical, structural, and subtle electronic structure effects preventing analysis from intuitive arguments or comparison with reference materials. In particular, it is shown that O terminations induce the largest BE.s. at Ti 2p levels despite lower electronegativity than F. Additionally, F 1s levels show weak sensitivity to the F local environment, explaining the single contribution in the spectrum, whereas O 1s states are significantly affected by the local surface chemistry. Finally, clear indicators of surface group vacancies are given at Ti 2p and O 1s levels. These results demonstrate the combination of calculations with experiments as a method of the highest value for MXenes XPS spectra analysis, providing guidelines for otherwise complex interpretations.
The evolutionary and ecological convergence of the raccoon and raccoon dog: A perfect storm of invasive species in Europe
Authors: Zeveloff Samuel I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper initially describes the evolution of body shape in the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). I explain how their similarities are the result of convergent evolution, the process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble one another in form, function, or both. This is the first examination of this phenomenon in these two species. In addition, I consider how their convergent traits and habits as omnivores have contributed to their astounding success as invasive species in Europe. Problems have arisen from these introductions, including impacts on prey species. Considering their broad adaptability as “stout” shaped mesocarnivores should aid in understanding their behavior and ecology, and could assist in addressing their management in Europe. Last, I offer suggestions for the control of raccoons given their compensatory versus additive mortality patterns, a practice that may also have implications for the regulation of raccoon dog populations.
Paradigm on Levenberg–Marquardt neural algorithm analysis of heat conduction optimization for ternary hybrid nanofluid with entropy generation
Authors: Qureshi Hamid , Shah Zahoor , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Shoaib Muhammad , Khan Waqar Azeem , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe significance of the present article is to enhance the thermal management and energy efficiency of complex engineering infrastructures such as energy storage systems, modern electric vehicles, thermal insulations, heavy‐duty machinery, and production units. This research aims to understand the intricate relationship between the thermal conductivity performance of ternary () hybrid nanomaterial and entropy generation to optimize material design and efficacy. A synergetic combination of three distinct nanomaterials silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, and titanium oxide with ethylene glycol and water in the ratio 3:2 as a base solvent is comprised of contributing unique thermophysical properties. To elucidate the impact of this hybrid composition on thermal conductivity, various factors are analyzed. The advanced computational technique of Artificial intelligent feed‐forward neural network (AIFFNN) is utilized. The problem governed the system of PDEs, which is transformed into ODEs by dimensionless similarity. Adams method provided the dataset which is filtered and embedded into Marquardt–Levenberg Algorithm (LMA). The study examines the role of nanomaterial constituents, morphology, and boundary conditions on thermal performance and entropy generation. Graphical analysis of velocity, temperature, and entropy is provided with respect to varying parameters, including surface absorption (λ), magnetic strength (Tesla M), radiation parameter (Rd), Brownian motion (Br), and Eckert number (Ec). The findings have practical significance for optimizing material design in engineering and industrial applications.
Scramblon loops
Authors: Stanford Douglas , Vardhan Shreya , Yao Shunyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In large N chaotic quantum systems, the butterfly effect is mediated by a collective field mode known as the “scramblon.” We study self-interactions of the scramblon in variants of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. In spatially extended versions of the model and for large spatial separation, fluctuations described by loop diagrams can invalidate the single-scramblon approximation well before its contribution to out-of-time-order correlators becomes of order one. We find a qualitative difference between an incoherent regime at high temperaure (or in a Brownian version of the model) and a coherent regime at low temperature.
Non-global logarithms up to four loops at finite-Nc for V/H+jet processes at hadron colliders
Authors: Khelifa-Kerfa Kamel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We extend our previous work [1] on calculating non-global logarithms in e+e− annihilation to Higgs/vector boson production in association with a single hard jet at hadron colliders. We analytically compute non-global coefficients in the jet mass distribution up to four loops using the anti-kt jet algorithm. Our calculations are performed in the eikonal approximation, assuming strong energy ordering for the emitted gluons, thus capturing only the leading logarithms of the distribution. We compare our analytical results with the all-orders large-Nc numerical solution. In general, the gross features of the non-global logarithm distribution observed in the e+e− case remain valid for the V/H+jet processes.
Positionspapier der ÖGR und ÖGP zur Diagnose und Therapie der Sarkoidose 2024
Authors: Sterniste Georg , Hackner Klaus , Moazedi-Fürst Florentine , Grasl Marie , Idzko Marco , Shao Guangyu , Guttmann-Ducke Claudia , Talakić Emina , Prosch Helmut , Lohfink-Schumm Sylvia , Gabriel Michael , Lim Clarice , Hochreiter Johann , Bucher Brigitte , Böckle Barbara C , Kiener Hans Peter , Duftner Christina , Kastrati Kastriot , Rath Eva , Funk Marion , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Steinmaurer Monika , Kovacs Gabor , Verheyen Nicolas , Flick Holger , Antlanger Marlies , Traxler Gerhard , Tatscher Elisabeth , Zwick Ralf Harun , Lang David 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Sarkoidose ist in vielen Fällen eine Multisystemerkrankung, die eine interdisziplinäre medizinische Zusammenarbeit in Diagnostik, Therapie und in der medizinischen Betreuung im Verlauf erfordert. Aufgrund des oft chronischen Verlaufes ist es besonders wichtig, Patientinnen und Patienten mit ihren Prioritäten und Wünschen frühzeitig und umfassend in die medizinische Betreuung einzubinden und, wenn möglich, ein „shared decision making“ zu etablieren. Beim Verfassen dieses gemeinsamen Positionspapieres war es der Expertengruppe für interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen und „orphan diseases“ der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie sowie der Arbeitsgruppe Rheuma und Lunge der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Rehabilitation ein besonderes Anliegen, sowohl PatientInnenvertreter als auch ExpertInnen für seltenere Organmanifestationen der Sarkoidose einzubeziehen. Dieses Positionspapier soll nicht nur ein Spiegel der aktuellen klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Praxis sein, sondern auch die nationale Expertise bündeln und durch Vernetzung und Austausch ein erster Schritt zu einer Stärkung der Betreuungsstruktur von PatientInnen mit Sarkoidose sein.
Bicycle helmets are associated with fewer and less severe head injuries and fewer neurosurgical procedures
Authors: Næss Ingar , Døving Mats , Galteland Pål , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Eken Torsten , Helseth Eirik , Ramm-Pettersen Jon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study explores the protective capabilities of bicycle helmets on serious head injury among bicyclists hospitalized in a Norwegian level 1 trauma centre.

Method
Information on helmet use, demographic variables, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and surgical procedure codes was retrieved from the Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry for patients with bicycle-related injuries from 2005 through 2016. Outcomes were serious head injury defined as maximum AIS severity score ≥ 3 in the AIS region Head, any cranial neurosurgical procedure, and 30-day mortality.

Results
A total of 1256 hospitalized bicyclists were included. The median age was 41 years (quartiles 26–53), 73% were male, 5.3% had severe pre-injury comorbidities, and 54% wore a helmet at the time of injury. Serious head injury occurred in 30%, 9% underwent a cranial neurosurgical procedure, and 30-day mortality was 2%. Compared to non-helmeted bicyclists, helmeted bicyclists were older (43 years, quartiles 27–54, vs. 38 years, quartiles 23–53, p = 0.05), less often crashed during night-time (21% vs. 38%, p < 0.001), less frequently had serious head injury (22% vs. 38%, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.22–0.39), and less often underwent cranial neurosurgery (6% vs. 14%, OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.24–0.54). No statistically significant difference in 30-day mortality between the two groups was found (1.5% vs. 2.9%, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.22–1.11).

Conclusion
Helmet use was associated with fewer and less severe head injuries and fewer neurosurgical procedures. This adds evidence to the protective capabilities of bicycle helmets.
Die Hydraulik von Brunnenfilterrohren
Authors: Houben Georg 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungWeltweit werden Millionen von Brunnen genutzt um Grundwasser zu fördern. Ihr Design sollte möglichst so erfolgen, dass die bei der Nutzung anfallenden Eintrittsverluste und der damit verbundene Energieverbrauch möglichst gering sind. Eine zentrale Rolle im Brunnenbauwerk spielt das Brunnenfilterrohr, das einander widersprechende Anforderungen erfüllen muss, nämlich eine möglichst hohe Durchlässigkeit bei gleichzeitig gutem Rückhalt des Filterkieses. Berechnungsverfahren und experimentelle Untersuchungen zeigen übereinstimmend, dass die meisten Brunnenfilterrohre im Vergleich zu den anderen Komponenten des Systems Brunnen-Grundwasserleiter sehr gut durchlässig sind und wenig zu den Gesamtverlusten beitragen. Auch inkrustierende Brunnen behalten diese vorteilhaften Eigenschaften fast bis zur vollständigen Verstopfung.