bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results from Four Years (2012 to 2015) of the International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring Program in the United States
Authors: Sader Helio S. , Huband Michael D. , Castanheira Mariana , Flamm Robert K. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
represents a major cause of health care-associated infections, and inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring (INFORM) program monitors the
in vitro
activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and many comparator agents. We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 7,452
P. aeruginosa
isolates collected from 79 U.S. medical centers in 2012 to 2015. The isolates were collected and tested consecutively for susceptibility by broth microdilution method. Infection types included mainly pneumonia (50.5%), skin and skin structure (24.0%), urinary tract (7.8%), and bloodstream (7.7%) infections. The only compounds with >90% susceptibility rates were colistin (MIC
50/90
, 1/2 mg/liter, respectively; 99.4% susceptible), ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC
50/90
, 2/4 mg/liter, respectively; 97.0% susceptible), and amikacin (MIC
50/90
, 2/8 mg/liter, respectively; 97.0/93.0% susceptible [CLSI/EUCAST, respectively]). The addition of avibactam to ceftazidime increased the percentage of susceptible
P. aeruginosa
isolates from 84.3% to 97.0%. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR) phenotypes were observed among 1,151 (15.4%) and 698 (9.4%) isolates, respectively, and ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited 82.1 and 75.8% of these isolates at ≤8 mg/liter, respectively. High rates of cross-resistance were observed with ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam, whereas ceftazidime-avibactam retained activity against isolates nonsusceptible to ceftazidime (81.0% susceptible), meropenem (86.2% susceptible), and piperacillin-tazobactam (85.4% susceptible), as well as isolates nonsusceptible to these three β-lactams (71.2% susceptible). The only antimicrobial combinations that provided a better overall anti-
Pseudomonas
coverage than ceftazidime-avibactam (97.0% susceptibility rate) were those including amikacin (97.0 to 98.4% coverage). Susceptibility rates remained stable during the study period. The results of this investigation highlight the challenge of optimizing empirical antimicrobial therapy for
P. aeruginosa
infections.
Obesity and Heart Failure as Predictors of Failure in Outpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Conway Erin L. , Sellick John A. , Kurtzhalts Kari , Mergenhagen Kari A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for failure of antibiotic treatment within 30 days for uncomplicated skin infections of outpatients treated in a Veterans Affairs hospital. A retrospective chart review of outpatients between January 2006 and July 2015 with an ICD-9 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) code of cellulitis or abscess was included in the analysis. The primary outcome was success versus failure of the antibiotic, with failure defined as another antibiotic prescribed or hospitalization within 30 days for the original indication. A total of 293 patients were included in the final analysis, 24% of whom failed within 30 days. Obesity/overweight (body mass index [BMI] of >25 kg/m
2
) was identified in 83% of the overall population, with 16% of that population having a BMI greater than 40 kg/m
2
. An elevated mean BMI of 34.2 kg/m
2
(
P
= 0.0098) was found in the subset of patients who failed oral antibiotics compared to a BMI of 31.32 kg/m
2
in patients who were treated successfully. Additionally, the patients who failed had an increased prevalence of heart failure at 16% (
P
= 0.027). Using multivariate logistic regression, BMI and heart failure were determined to be significant predictors of antibiotic prescription failure. Each 10-kg/m
2
unit increase in BMI was associated with a 1.62-fold-greater odds of failure. A diagnosis of heart failure increased the odds of failure by 2.6-fold (range, 1.1- to 5.8-fold). Outpatients with uncomplicated skin infections with an elevated BMI and heart failure were found to have increased odds of failure, defined as hospitalization or additional antibiotics within 30 days.
Temporal Role for MyD88 in a Model of Brucella-Induced Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Inflammation
Authors: Lacey Carolyn A. , Mitchell William J. , Brown Charles R. , Skyberg Jerod A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Brucella
spp. are facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that cause the zoonotic disease brucellosis, one of the most common global zoonoses. Osteomyelitis, arthritis, and musculoskeletal inflammation are common focal complications of brucellosis in humans; however, wild-type (WT) mice infected systemically with conventional doses of
Brucella
do not develop these complications. Here we report C57BL/6 WT mice infected via the footpad with 10
3
to 10
6
CFU of
Brucella
spp. display neutrophil and monocyte infiltration of the joint space and surrounding musculoskeletal tissue. Joint inflammation is detectable as early as 1 day postinfection and peaks 1 to 2 weeks later, after which WT mice are able to slowly resolve inflammation. B and T cells were dispensable for the onset of swelling but required for resolution of joint inflammation and infection. At early time points, MyD88
−/−
mice display decreased joint inflammation, swelling, and proinflammatory cytokine levels relative to WT mice. Subsequently, swelling of MyD88
−/−
joints surpassed WT joint swelling, and resolution of joint inflammation was prolonged. Joint bacterial loads in MyD88
−/−
mice were significantly greater than those in WT mice by day 3 postinfection and at all time points thereafter. In addition, MyD88
−/−
joint inflammatory cytokine levels on day 3 and beyond were similar to WT levels. Collectively these data demonstrate MyD88 signaling mediates early inflammatory responses in the joint but also contributes to subsequent clearance of
Brucella
and resolution of inflammation. This work also establishes a mouse model for studying
Brucella
-induced arthritis, musculoskeletal complications, and systemic responses, which will lead to a better understanding of focal complications of brucellosis.
Combining Nd isotopes in monazite and Hf isotopes in zircon to understand complex open-system processes in granitic magmas
Authors: Fisher Christopher M. , Hanchar John M. , Miller Calvin F. , Phillips Stacy , Vervoort Jeffrey D. , Whitehouse Martin J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Mapping the age and trace element and Sm-Nd isotope compositions of monazite grains from a peraluminous Cretaceous granite using laser ablation–split stream analysis reveals a wide range in Nd isotope and rare earth element (REE) compositions within and between single grains. These data corroborate isotopic variability indicated by Hf isotope analysis of zircon in the same granite sample. The REE variations indicate that monazite grew during fractional crystallization. Hf and Nd isotopes indicate that the granitic magma was generated from at least two distinct Proterozoic sources of approximately the same age: one component that had highly radiogenic initial 176Hf/177Hf and 143Nd/144Nd and a second component that was notably less radiogenic. This study highlights the utility of in situ REE and Sm-Nd isotope data in monazite in magmatic systems. Further, it refines the zircon-based constraints on magmatic processes because of sensitivity of light REEs to fractional crystallization, lower probability of complications owing to inheritance, and smaller analytical volumes required.
Equable end Mesoproterozoic climate in the absence of high CO2
Authors: Fiorella Richard P. , Sheldon Nathan D. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The Proterozoic Eon (2500–542 Ma) appears to have been a warm period bookended by glaciations, despite a 5%–18% reduction in solar output compared to modern during this interval. Radiative-convective climate models suggest that glaciation could have been avoided if pCO2 were 30–300× preindustrial atmospheric levels (PIAL, 280 ppmv). Constraints from late Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.2–1.0 Ga) microfossil calcification sheaths and paleosol mass balance, however, suggest that pCO2 may have been no higher than 10× PIAL. In the lower oxygen Mesoproterozoic atmosphere, an increased CH4 flux from methanogenic bacteria may have contributed additional greenhouse warming. We use a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model, CESM) to test whether these pCO2 constraints are consistent with the absence of widespread glaciation inferred from the geologic record. We vary pCO2 and pCH4 between 1400 and 2800 ppmv and 3.5 and 140 ppmv, respectively, using a reconstructed 1.0 Ga paleogeography and solar output reduced by 9%. Our simulations suggest that ice-free conditions can be maintained at 10× PIAL CO2 when CH4 is 140 ppmv. When CH4 is lowered to 28 ppmv at 10× PIAL CO2, or if pCO2 is lowered to 5× PIAL, permanent land snow cover at high and middle latitudes suggests that glaciation would be more extensive than preindustrial conditions, but with warm tropical regions. Global glaciation occurs if pCO2 is reduced below 5× PIAL. Overall, our simulations suggest that an ice-free climate for the Mesoproterozoic (1.6–1.0 Ga) is consistent with the relatively low pCO2 implied from proxies if CH4 or other greenhouse gas concentrations were sufficiently elevated.
A new Early Jurassic (ca. 183 Ma) fossil Lagerstätte from Ya Ha Tinda, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Martindale Rowan C. , Them Theodore R. , Gill Benjamin C. , Marroquín Selva M. , Knoll Andrew H. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Lagerstätten—deposits of exceptionally preserved fossils—offer vital insights into evolutionary history. To date, only three Konservat-Lagerstätten are known from Early Jurassic marine rocks (Osteno, Posidonia Shale, and Strawberry Bank), all located in Europe. We report a new assemblage of exceptionally preserved fossils from Alberta, Canada, the first marine Konservat-Lagerstätte described from the Jurassic of North America. The Ya Ha Tinda assemblage includes articulated vertebrates (fish, ichthyosaurs), crinoids, crustaceans, brachiopods, abundant mollusks (coleoids with soft tissues, ammonites, gastropods, bivalves), wood, and microfossils. Paired bio- and chemostratigraphies show that Lagerstätte deposition occurred during the late Pliensbachian through early Toarcian, capturing the carbon isotope excursion associated with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. Therefore, the Panthalassan Ya Ha Tinda biota is coeval with Toarcian Lagerstätten from the Tethys Ocean (Posidonia Shale and Strawberry Bank). Comparisons among these deposits permit new insights into the diversity, ecology, and biogeography of Jurassic marine communities during a time of pronounced biological and environmental change (e.g., expanded subsurface anoxia, warming, and extinctions). They also highlight the possibility that Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events are temporal foci of exceptional preservation.
Late Quaternary glacial dynamics and sedimentation variability in the Bering Trough, Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Montelli Aleksandr , Gulick Sean P.S. , Worthington Lindsay L. , Mix Alan , Davies-Walczak Maureen , Zellers Sarah D. , Jaeger John M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ice dynamics, tectonic setting, and sediment supply are the key parameters controlling the architecture of high-latitude margins and the formation of trough mouth fans (TMFs). Current understanding of these archives of paleo–ice streams is based on studies of ice sheets adjacent to stable, passive margins, while the behavior of active, convergent glacier-influenced margins remains relatively unconstrained. We integrate high-resolution seismic data and chronology from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 cores in southeast Alaska across the actively converging Yakutat terrane margin to examine the late Quaternary evolution of the Bering Glacier, the largest outlet glacier of the poorly understood Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS). We interpret at least eight glacial advances to the shelf break since the end of the mid-Pleistocene transition, showing a more dynamic CIS than hitherto realized. During the past ∼130 k.y., the temperate, meltwater-charged Bering Glacier delivered ∼925 km3 of sediment to the shelf and slope, providing one of the highest rates of sustained sediment accumulation (5–10 m/k.y.) ever reported globally. Rapid formation of a TMF, reaching ∼600 m thick in ∼130 k.y., emphasizes the extreme sediment flux that can be produced by wet-based glacial systems, and its critical role in the development of high-latitude margin stratigraphy. TMF formation despite initially steep, tectonically controlled slopes in this active setting reflects an autogenic shift in the evolution of the Bering Trough, suggesting that major transitions between sedimentary regimes need not reflect some externally driven change in climate variability.
Occupational exposure to solvents and risk of head and neck cancer in women: a population-based case–control study in France
Authors: Carton Matthieu , Barul Christine , Menvielle Gwenn , Cyr Diane , Sanchez Marie , Pilorget Corinne , Trétarre Brigitte , Stücker Isabelle , Luce Danièle 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate the association between head and neck cancer and occupational exposure to chlorinated, oxygenated and petroleum solvents in women.MethodsInvestigation of occupational and environmental CAuses of REspiratory cancers (ICARE), a French population-based case–control study, included 296 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) in women and 775 female controls. Lifelong occupational history was collected. Job-exposure matrices allowed to assess exposure to 5 chlorinated solvents (carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; methylene chloride; perchloroethylene; trichloroethylene), 5 petroleum solvents (benzene; special petroleum product; gasoline; white spirits and other light aromatic mixtures; diesel, fuels and kerosene) and 5 oxygenated solvents (alcohols; ketones and esters; ethylene glycol; diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran). OR and 95% CIs, adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, age and geographical area, were estimated with logistic models.ResultsElevated ORs were observed among women ever exposed to perchloroethylene (OR=2.97, 95% CI 1.05 to 8.45) and trichloroethylene (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.81). These ORs increased with exposure duration (OR=3.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 21.9 and OR=4.44, 95% CI 1.56 to 12.6 for 10 years or more, respectively). No significantly increased risk of HNSCC was found for occupational exposure to the other chlorinated, petroleum or oxygenated solvents.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that exposure to perchloroethylene or trichloroethylene may increase the risk of HNSCC in women. In our study, there is no clear evidence that the other studied solvents are risk factors for HNSCC.
Generating API Call Rules from Version History and Stack Overflow Posts
Authors: Azad Shams , Rigby Peter C. , Guerrouj Latifa 
Published: January 2017

Researchers have shown that related functions can be mined from groupings of functions found in the version history of a system. Our first contribution is to expand this approach to a community of applications and set of similar applications. Android developers use a set of application programming interface (API) calls when creating apps. These API calls are used in similar ways across multiple applications. By clustering co-changing API calls used by 230 Android apps across 12k versions, we are able to predict the API calls that individual app developers will use with an average precision of 75% and recall of 22%. When we make predictions from the same category of app, such as Finance, we attain precision and recall of 81% and 28%, respectively.
Our second contribution can be characterized as “programmers who discussed these functions were also interested in these functions.” Informal discussions on Stack Overflow provide a rich source of information about related API calls as developers provide solutions to common problems. By grouping API calls contained in each positively voted answer posts, we are able to create rules that predict the calls that app developers will use in their own apps with an average precision of 66% and recall of 13%.
For comparison purposes, we developed a baseline by clustering co-changing API calls for each individual app and generated association rules from them. The baseline predicts API calls used by app developers with a precision and recall of 36% and 23%, respectively.
Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on GPGPUs
Authors: Filippone Salvatore , Cardellini Valeria , Barbieri Davide , Fanfarillo Alessandro 
Published: January 2017

The multiplication of a sparse matrix by a dense vector (SpMV) is a centerpiece of scientific computing applications: it is the essential kernel for the solution of sparse linear systems and sparse eigenvalue problems by iterative methods. The efficient implementation of the sparse matrix-vector multiplication is therefore crucial and has been the subject of an immense amount of research, with interest renewed with every major new trend in high-performance computing architectures. The introduction of General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) is no exception, and many articles have been devoted to this problem.With this article, we provide a review of the techniques for implementing the SpMV kernel on GPGPUs that have appeared in the literature of the last few years. We discuss the issues and tradeoffs that have been encountered by the various researchers, and a list of solutions, organized in categories according to common features. We also provide a performance comparison across different GPGPU models and on a set of test matrices coming from various application domains.
Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Mitomo Satoru , Naganuma Toru , Fujino Yusuke , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Pitt Michael , Yin Wei-Hsian , Tresukosol Damras , Colombo Antonio , Nakamura Sunao 
Published: January 2017

Background—
There are only limited studies reporting clinical outcomes after bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS; Absorb; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) implantation for coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world feasibility and safety of BVS implantation for the treatment of CTO.

Methods and Results—
We retrospectively evaluated CTO cases treated with BVS from a multicenter registry. The primary end point was target lesion failure defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization. From September 2012 to November 2015, 65 patients with CTO were successfully treated with BVS. The mean age of patients was 60.8±11.0 years; 89.2% were male and 40.0% diabetic. The mean ejection fraction was 57.7±10.8%. The mean reference vessel diameter and CTO lesion length were 3.0±0.4 and 20.2±3.0 mm, respectively. The mean number of BVS deployed per patient was 1.8±0.7, of which mean diameter and total length were 3.0±0.4 and 47.6±19.9 mm, respectively. Postdilatation with noncompliant balloons (mean diameter 3.3±0.3 mm) was performed at high pressures (18.6±5.3 atm) in all cases. Intravascular ultrasound (n=34) or optical coherence tomography (n=31) was performed in all cases. During the follow-up period (median: 453 days, 25th and 75th percentiles: 230 and 703), there were no occurrences of target lesion failure or scaffold thrombosis.

Conclusions—
BVS implantation for the treatment of CTO seems feasible and safe. Appropriate lesion preparation, high-pressure postdilatation, and the use of intravascular imaging are recommended to obtain the best possible final result.
Landsat Identification of Tornado Damage by Land Cover and an Evaluation of Damage Recovery in Forests
Authors: Kingfield Darrel M. , de Beurs Kirsten M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMultispectral satellite imagery provides a spaceborne perspective on tornado damage identification; however, few studies have explored how tornadoes alter the spectral signature of different land-cover types. In part 1 of this study, Landsat surface reflectance is used to explore how 17 tornadoes modify the spectral signature, NDVI, and “Tassled Cap” parameters inside forest (N = 16), grassland (N = 10), and urban (N = 17) land cover. Land cover influences the magnitude of change observed, particularly in spring/summer imagery, with most tornado-damaged surfaces exhibiting a higher median reflectance in the visible and shortwave infrared, and a lower median reflectance in the near-infrared spectral ranges. These changes result in a higher median Tasseled Cap brightness, lower Tasseled Cap greenness and wetness, and lower NDVI relative to unaffected areas. Other factors affecting the magnitude of change in reflectance include season, vegetation condition, land-cover heterogeneity, and tornado strength. While vegetation indices like NDVI provide a quick way to identify damage, they have limited utility when monitoring recovery because of the cyclical seasonal vegetation cycle. Since tornado damage provides an analogous spectral signal to that of forest clearing, NDVI is compared with a forest disturbance index (DI) across a 5-yr Landsat climatology surrounding the 27 April 2011 tornado outbreak in part 2 of this study. Preoutbreak DI values remain relatively stable across seasons. In the five tornado-damaged areas evaluated, DI values peak within 6 months followed by a decline coincident with ongoing recovery. DI-like metrics provide a seasonally independent mechanism to fill the gap in identifying damage and monitoring recovery.
Discerning “Flavors” of Drought Using Climate Extremes Indices
Authors: Crimmins Michael A. , Ferguson Daniel B. , Meadow Alison M. , Weiss Jeremy L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMonitoring drought conditions in arid and semiarid regions characterized by high levels of intra- and interannual hydroclimatic variability is a challenging task. Typical drought-monitoring indices that are based on monthly-scale data lack sufficient temporal resolution to detect hydroclimatic extremes and, when used operationally, may not provide adequate indication of drought status. In a case study focused on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States, the authors used recently standardized World Meteorological Organization climate extremes indices to discern intra-annual hydroclimatic extremes and diagnose potential drought status in conjunction with the simple metric of annual total precipitation. By applying data-reduction methods to a suite of metrics calculated using daily data for 1950–2014, the authors identified five extremes indices that provided additional insight into interannual hydroclimatic variability. Annual time series of these indices revealed anomalous years characterized by shifts in the seasonal distribution of precipitation and in the intensity and frequency of individual events. The driest 4-yr intervals over the study period, characterized by similar annual and interval total precipitation anomalies, represent dramatically different assemblages of index values, which are interpreted as different “flavors” of drought. In turn, it is expected that varying drought impacts on ecosystems, agricultural systems, and water resources would emerge under these different flavors of drought. Results from this study indicate that operational drought monitoring and historical drought assessments in arid and semiarid regions would benefit from the additional insight that daily-based hydroclimatic extremes indices provide, especially in light of expected climate change–driven changes to the hydrologic cycle.