bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale scene real-time infrared simulation based on texture blending
Authors: Wang Yuye , Zhang Guofeng , Hu Xiaoguang 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Infrared simulation plays an important role in small and affordable unmanned aerial vehicles. Its key and main goal is to get the infrared image of a specific target. Infrared physical model is established through a theoretical research, thus the temperature field is available. Then infrared image of a specific target can be simulated properly while taking atmosphere state and effect of infrared imaging system into account. For recent years, some research has been done in this field. Among them, the infrared simulation for large scale is still a key problem to be solved. In this passage, a method of classification based on texture blending is proposed and this method effectively solves the problem of classification of large number of images and increase the frame rate of large infrared scene rendering. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Mosart Atmospheric Tool (MAT) is used first to calculate data of sun radiance, skyshine radiance, path radiance, temperatures of different material which is an offline process. Then, shader in OGRE does final calculation to get simulation result and keeps a high frame rate. Considering this, the authors convert data in MAT file into textures which can be easily handled by shader. In shader responding, radiance can be indexed by information of material, vertex normal, eye and sun. Adding the effect of infrared imaging system, the final radiance distribution is obtained. At last, the authors get infrared scene by converting radiance to grayscale.

Findings
In the fragment shader, fake infrared textures are used to look up temperature which can calculate radiance of itself and related radiance.

Research limitations/implications
The radiance is transferred into grayscale image while considering effect of infrared imaging system.

Originality/value
Simulation results show that a high frame rate can be reached while guaranteeing the fidelity.
Scotland's Progressive Dilemma
Authors: Torrance David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince the 1980s the Scottish National Party has presented its political project in progressive terms, but this created a twin dilemma: in order to achieve independence, the SNP needed to win political power, and in order to achieve political power it had to win an election, and orthodoxy dictated that winning elections in Scotland involved a centre‐left platform. But the two have often been in conflict, as is clear as the SNP approaches its tenth anniversary in devolved government and agitates for another referendum.
An optimized high quality male DNA extraction from spermatophores in open thelycum shrimp species
Authors: PLANELLA Laia , HERAS Sandra , VERA Manuel , GARCÍA‐MARÍN José‐Luis , ROLDÁN María Inés 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe crucial step of most of the current genetic studies is the extraction of DNA of sufficient quantity and quality. Several genomic DNA isolation methods have been described to successfully obtain male DNA from shrimp species. However, all current protocols require invasive handling methods with males for DNA isolation. Using Aristeus antennatus as a model we tested a reliable non‐invasive differential DNA extraction method to male DNA isolation from spermatophores attached to female thelycum. The present protocol provides high quality and quantity DNA for polymerase chain reaction amplification and male genotyping. This new approach could be useful to experimental shrimp culture to select sires with relevant genetic patterns for selective breeding programs. More importantly, it can be applied to identify the mating pairs and male structure in wild populations of species as A. antennatus, where males are often difficult to capture. Our method could be also valuable for biological studies on other spermatophore‐using species, such as myriapods, arachnids and insects.
Improvement on Physical Properties of Pullulan Films by Novel Cross‐Linking Strategy
Authors: Chen Chieh‐Ting , Chen Kuan‐I , Chiang Hsin‐Han , Chen Yu‐Kuo , Cheng Kuan‐Chen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPullulan based films possess several advantages, including high transparency, low toxicity, good biodegradability, good mechanical properties, and low oxygen permeability, are preferable for food packaging. The application of pullulan films on food packaging, however, has inherent disadvantage of high water solubility. In this study, glutaraldehyde and glycerol were used as the cross‐linking reagent and the plasticizer respectively to improve water resistance and physical properties of the pullulan films. Effects of cross‐linking degree on physical properties, including water absorptions, swelling behaviors, water vapor permeability and tensile strengths of films were evaluated. FTIR results demonstrated that the pullulan films were successfully cross‐linked by glutaraldehyde. The tensile strength of pullulan films could be enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) when glutaraldehyde was between 1% and 5% (w/w); nevertheless, the amount of glutaraldehyde above 20% (w/w) led to films brittleness. With the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer enhanced the extensibility of films as well as the hydrophilicity, resulting in higher water vapor permeability.
The role of spironolactone on myocardial oxidative stress in rat model of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes
Authors: Mayyas Fadia , Alzoubi Karem H. , Bonyan Ruwidah 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to cardiovascular diseases development and progression. Aldosterone contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and remodeling.AimTo evaluate the impact of spironolactone (an aldosterone antagonist) on markers of myocardial redox status in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DM.MethodAdult Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups; controls, spironolactone‐treated rats (Spir), diabetic rats (DM), and diabetic rats treated with spironolactone (DM+Spir) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure and cardiac levels of aldosterone and oxidants/antioxidants were measured.ResultSTZ‐induced DM but did not cause hypertension or dyslipidemia in either spironolactone‐treated or spironolactone‐untreated rats. Aldosterone and aldosterone synthase levels were increased in both the DM and DM+Spir groups compared to control. In parallel, total nitrite and nitrotyrosine levels were increased and vitamin E antioxidant levels were reduced in the DM group. Spironolactone use reduced cardiac total nitrite levels and improved vitamin E levels. Glutathione reductase/peroxidase activities were increased in the DM and DM+Spir groups without changes in the ratio of reduced to oxidized form of glutathione. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were increased in the DM group. Lipid peroxidation products were similar among the groups.ConclusionsThe increase in total nitrite/nitrotyrosine in DM promoted significant compensatory increases in antioxidant activities of SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase/reductase probably to prevent cardiac oxidative damage. The use of spironolactone reduced nitrite generation and improved vitamin E levels independent of blood pressure.
Do brokers' recommendation changes generate brokerage? Evidence from a central limit order market
Authors: Brown Rob , Chan Howard W. H. , Faff Robert W. , Ho Yew Kee 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe examine the short‐term response to recommendation changes on the Australian Securities Exchange, a central limit order market. In both central limit order markets and dealer‐driven markets, clients may reward the recommending broker with increased trade volumes. But a central limit order market does not have mandatory market makers and hence provides greater opportunity to free ride. We find evidence supporting the hypothesis that recommending brokers are rewarded with higher trade volumes and brokerage commission. Consistent with the tipping hypothesis, these rewards are concentrated in the period shortly before the release. There is no evidence of free riding.
CB2 receptors regulate natural killer cells that limit allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Ferrini M. E. , Hong S. , Stierle A. , Stierle D. , Stella N. , Roberts K. , Jaffar Z. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundAllergic asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease involving the complementary actions of innate and adaptive immune responses. Endogenously generated cannabinoids acting via CB2 receptors play important roles in both homeostatic and inflammatory processes. However, the contribution of CB2‐acting eicosanoids to the innate events preceding sensitization to the common house dust mite (HDM) allergen remains to be elucidated. We investigated the role of CB2 activation during allergen‐induced pulmonary inflammation and natural killer (NK) cell effector function.MethodsLung mucosal responses in CB2‐deficient (CB2−/−) mice were examined and compared with wild‐type (WT) littermates following intranasal exposure to HDM allergen.ResultsMice lacking CB2 receptors exhibited elevated numbers of pulmonary NK cells yet were resistant to the induction of allergic inflammation exemplified by diminished airway eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine production and mucus secretion after allergen inhalation. This phenomenon was corroborated when WT mice were treated with a CB2‐specific antagonist that caused a pronounced inhibition of HDM‐induced airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. Unexpectedly, the preponderance of NK cells in the lungs of CB2−/− mice correlated with reduced numbers of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Depletion of NK cells restored the allergen responsiveness in the lungs and was associated with elevated ILC2 numbers.ConclusionsCollectively, these results reveal that CB2 activation is crucial in regulating pulmonary NK cell function, and suggest that NK cells serve to limit ILC2 activation and subsequent allergic airway inflammation. CB2 inhibition may present an important target to modulate NK cell response during pulmonary inflammation.
Inhibition of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase may have preventive potential for varicocoele‐associated testicular damage in rats
Authors: Celik‐Ozenci C. , Kuscu N. , Gungor‐Ordueri N. E. , Tasatargil A. , Sahin P. , Durmus H. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryVaricocele is ordinarily accompanied by testicular damage and male infertility. Several theories have been proposed to explain the detrimental effect of varicocele on testis tissue, including the possible effects of oxidative stress. The poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway has been established as a major downstream intracellular pathway of oxidative stress. Recently we have reported that PARP pathway has been activated in varicocele‐induced rat testicular damage model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of PARP inhibition in varicocele‐associated testicular damage. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, sham, varicocele‐induced, varicocele‐induced 1,5‐isoquinolinediol (ISO, a PARP inhibitor)‐treated, and ISO treated groups. The ISO‐treated rats received intraperitoneal injections of 3 mg/kg ISO daily for 13 weeks. After 13 weeks of varicocele induction, body and testes weights were investigated in all groups. Histopathology of testes were evaluated by light microscopy. Expressions of PAR, p53 and cytochrome c were detected by immunohistochemistry and cleaved PARP‐1, PAR, p53 and cytochrome c by western blot. The degree of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL. Light microscopy revealed testicular damage comprising various degrees of seminiferous tubule degeneration in varicocele‐induced rats and their testes weights decreased significantly, whereas ISO administration prevented it. Expressions of cleaved PARP‐1, PAR, cytochrome c, and p53 increased significantly in varicocele‐induced rats, whereas the level of these molecules were similar to controls in varicocele‐induced rats treated with ISO. In conclusion, increased PARP activation in testes seems to be related with testicular damage and apoptosis associated with varicocele and pharmacological inhibition of this pathway might be an effective intervention to prevent varicocele‐induced testicular injury.
Sexuality and fertility in men with hypospadias; improved outcome
Authors: Örtqvist L. , Fossum M. , Andersson M. , Nordenström A. , Frisén L. , Holmdahl G. , Nordenskjöld A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate sexual function and fertility in adult men born with hypospadias. Patients born with hypospadias, age‐matched controls, and a group of circumcised men completed a questionnaire constructed to reflect their psychosexual situation and fertility. Core gender identity, sexual orientation, and gender role behavior was also assessed. 167 patients [63% distal, 24% mid shaft and 13% proximal, mean age 34 (19–54) years], 169 controls from the general population [mean age 33 (19–48) years] and 47 controls circumcised because of phimosis (mean age 26 [19–44]) participated and completed the questionnaire. There were no differences in having a partner, reported fertility, age at sexarche (mean age 17.8), number of sex partners or sexual interest between the patients and controls. More patients than controls reported anejaculation. Reported glanular sensitivity was lower in hypospadias patients and circumcised controls compared with non‐circumcised controls. The odds of being satisfied with their sexual life increased with a higher penile perception score in patients (OR = 1.54, p = 0.01). There was no association with penile length. Sexual orientation, core gender identity and gender role behavior were sex‐typical in both patients and controls. Patients with proximal hypospadias had a lower reported fertility, experienced anejaculation more often, and were less satisfied with their sexual life. Men born with hypospadias have a good long‐term outcome concerning sexual function and fertility. Men born with proximal hypospadias have a more impaired outcome concerning both sexual function and fertility. As satisfaction with genital appearance is important for sexual life satisfaction, clinical, and psychological follow‐up into adulthood is especially important in boys born with proximal hypospadias.
A rectally administered combination of midazolam and ketamine was easy, effective and feasible for procedural pain in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Nilsson Stefan , Brunsson Ingemar , Askljung Berit , Påhlman Magnus , Himmelmann Kate 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate how effective a combination of rectally administered midazolam and racemic ketamine was for reducing pain in paediatric cerebral palsy patients receiving intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin A. The feasibility and safety of the pain relief were also explored.MethodChildren with cerebral palsy, aged one to 18 years, were recruited from a regional paediatric rehabilitation unit between April 2012 and May 2014. Pain intensity, feasibility, total time spent in the clinic and side effects were registered. Pain scores were recorded by parents and healthcare professionals using different pain scales.ResultsWe recorded 128 procedures in 61 children. The median scores were two (range: 0–10) for pain intensity and nine (range: 0–10) for feasibility. The median treatment time in the outpatient unit was 3.25 hours, and the most common side effects were nausea, pain and sleep disturbance. Gross motor function levels showed a negative correlation with the pain scores. This method could be an alternative to nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for patients who do not tolerate inhalation analgesia.ConclusionRectally administered midazolam and racemic ketamine provided effective pain relief for paediatric cerebral palsy outpatients receiving painful injections and was a viable alternative to inhalation analgesia.
Using student voice to examine teacher practices at a cyber charter high school
Authors: Borup Jered , Stevens Mark A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEfforts to identify K‐12 online instructional best practices and standards have been limited because they largely ignored students’ voice—the primary stakeholder in any educational context. In this case study, we conducted 20 interviews among 10 students enrolled in a cyber charter high school. Qualitative analysis of interviews found that students valued teachers’ efforts to nurture caring relationships, facilitate sustained dialogue, design and organize engaging learning activities, and provide personalized instruction. However, students found that teachers varied in their abilities to effectively perform these activities and provided recommendations to improve how courses were designed and how teachers interacted with students. Although findings from this case study should not be generalized, these findings may prove insightful to those in similar contexts. Research should continue to obtain and understand online students’ voices and assist cyber schools as they work to respond to students’ needs.
RB but not R‐HCVAD is a feasible induction regimen prior to auto‐HCT in frontline MCL: results of SWOG Study S1106
Authors: Chen Robert W. , Li Hongli , Bernstein Steven H. , Kahwash Samir , Rimsza Lisa M. , Forman Stephen J. , Constine Louis , Shea Thomas C. , Cashen Amanda F. , Blum Kristie A. , Fenske Timothy S. , Barr Paul M. , Phillips Tycel , Leblanc Michael , Fisher Richard I. , Cheson Bruce D. , Smith Sonali M. , Faham Malek , Wilkins Jennifer , Leonard John P. , Kahl Brad S. , Friedberg Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAggressive induction chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto‐HCT) is effective for younger patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, the optimal induction regimen is widely debated. The Southwestern Oncology Group S1106 trial was designed to assess rituximab plus hyperCVAD/MTX/ARAC (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, alternating with high dose cytarabine and methotrexate) (RH) versus rituximab plus bendamustine (RB) in a randomized phase II trial to select a pre‐transplant induction regimen for future development. Patients had previously untreated stage III, IV, or bulky stage II MCL and received either 4 cycles of RH or 6 cycles of RB, followed by auto‐HCT. Fifty‐three of a planned 160 patients were accrued; an unacceptably high mobilization failure rate (29%) on the RH arm prompted premature study closure. The estimated 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 81% vs. 82% and overall survival (OS) was 87% vs. 88% for RB and RH, respectively. RH is not an ideal platform for future multi‐centre transplant trials in MCL. RB achieved a 2‐year PFS of 81% and a 78% MRD negative rate. Premature closure of the study limited the sample size and the precision of PFS estimates and MRD rates. However, RB can achieve a deep remission and could be a platform for future trials in MCL.
Keim oder kein Keim: Herausforderungen bei der Diagnose mykobakterieller Infektionen der Haut
Authors: Peters Franziska , Batinica Marina , Plum Georg , Eming Sabine A. , Fabri Mario 
Published: December 2016

ZusammenfassungKutane Mykobakteriosen sind in Deutschland selten. Dennoch ist es für eine frühzeitige Diagnose und anschließende wirksame Behandlung erforderlich, dass diese Krankheitsbilder im ärztlichen Bewusstsein verankert sind. Darüber hinaus stehen Infektionen mit Mykobakterien auf der Liste der Differentialdiagnosen vieler Hautkrankheiten. Diagnosen kutaner Mykobakteriosen beruhen auf klinischen Merkmalen und auf Laboruntersuchungen, einschließlich bakterieller Kulturen, histopathologischer Untersuchungen und PCR‐basierten Verfahren. Das Wissen um Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Laboruntersuchungen ist von zentraler Bedeutung, um eine angemessene klinische Entscheidung zu treffen. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die aktuellen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, die in Verdachtsfällen kutaner Mykobakteriosen zur Verfügung stehen.
Geographical variation in mandible morphologies specialised for collembolan predation depend on prey size in the ant Strumigenys lewisi
Authors: OHKAWARA KYOHSUKE , NAKAMURA KAZUKI , KADOKURA NATSUMI , TERASHITA TAKAAKI 
Published: December 2016

1. Ants in the genus Strumigenys are predator ants that feed on tiny soil arthropods. The mandibles are modified into high‐speed traps to capture swift collembolan prey. The peculiar mandible morphologies of these ants have evolved depending on characteristics of the prey. Specifically, the evolution of mandible size and shape may be directly driven by prey size.2. In the present study, the intraspecific variation of the morphological traits of Strumigenys lewisi populations were observed in central Japan. The relationships between the morphological variations and the prey body size were analysed.3. In workers and queens, three morphological traits, head width, mandible length, and mandible width were significantly different among the multiple sites. Specifically, the mandible length was shorter in southwestern Japan than in other sampling locations. The ancova model revealed that the allometry of the mandible length to the head width was different among the sites.4. As predicted, the mandible length was positively correlated with the average body size of collembolans in the Entomobryidae family. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that the variation of the mandible length was affected by environmental factors represented as location information. However, the effect of collembolan body size was more effective at predicting mandible length. The study suggests that the geographical variation of mandible morphologies in S. lewisi has been selected by predator–prey interactions with collembolans.
Private regulation and global economic change: The drivers of sustainable agriculture in Brazil
Authors: Schleifer Philip 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhat determines the uptake of private sustainability regulation in developing countries? Existing studies point to the local context as the key explanatory factor. In particular, they identify local program characteristics, industry structures, and the regulatory environment as variables influencing program uptake at the point of production. However, examining two very similar certification programs in Brazil's soy and sugarcane industries, this article finds that local conditions fail to account for the observed patterns. A “local explanation” would have predicted similar levels of industry uptake in the two sectors. Conversely, it is found that Brazil's soy producers first backed but then opposed private sustainability regulation, whereas in the sugarcane sector the dynamic was exactly the opposite. Through an in‐depth analysis and cross‐case comparison this article reveals how changing transnational conditions were decisive in shaping these outcomes. Specifically, shifting end markets exposed the two sectors to different economic and regulatory pressures.