bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-cousin marriage among the Yanomamö shows evidence of parent–offspring conflict and mate competition between brothers
Authors: Chagnon Napoleon A. , Lynch Robert F. , Shenk Mary K. , Hames Raymond , Flinn Mark V. 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceCross-cousin marriage (i.e., marriage with the offspring of a parent’s opposite-sex sibling) is the most common preferred marriage arrangement across cultures. Despite intense investigation, the origin and adaptive function of this marriage prescription have not been resolved. An analysis of the fitness consequences of marriages in the Yanomamö—a tribal society in the Amazon—shows that parents and brothers achieve higher fitness outcomes when their respective children and sisters marry more closely related individuals. Meanwhile, the spouses and offspring produced by these unions have lower fitness. These findings suggest that cross-cousin marriage prescriptions and taboos against marrying parallel cousins owe their origin to parent–offspring conflict through parental control of marriage and competition between same-sex siblings.
Predicting the knowledge–recklessness distinction in the human brain
Authors: Vilares Iris , Wesley Michael J. , Ahn Woo-Young , Bonnie Richard J. , Hoffman Morris , Jones Owen D. , Morse Stephen J. , Yaffe Gideon , Lohrenz Terry , Montague P. Read 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Because criminal statutes demand it, juries often must assess criminal intent by determining which of two legally defined mental states a defendant was in when committing a crime. For instance, did the defendant know he was carrying drugs, or was he merely aware of a risk that he was? Legal scholars have debated whether that conceptual distinction, drawn by law, mapped meaningfully onto any psychological reality. This study uses neuroimaging and machine-learning techniques to reveal different brain activities correlated with these two mental states. Moreover, the study provides a proof of principle that brain imaging can determine, with high accuracy, on which side of a legally defined boundary a person's mental state lies.
Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America
Authors: Froese Duane , Stiller Mathias , Heintzman Peter D. , Reyes Alberto V. , Zazula Grant D. , Soares André E. R. , Meyer Matthias , Hall Elizabeth , Jensen Britta J. L. , Arnold Lee J. , MacPhee Ross D. E. , Shapiro Beth 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceThe appearance of bison in North America is both ecologically and paleontologically significant. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA from the oldest known North American bison fossils to reveal that bison were present in northern North America by 195–135 thousand y ago, having entered from Asia via the Bering Land Bridge. After their arrival, bison quickly colonized much of the rest of the continent, where they rapidly diversified phenotypically, producing, for example, the giant long-horned morphotypeBison latifronsduring the last interglaciation.
Patterns of coordinated cortical remodeling during adolescence and their associations with functional specialization and evolutionary expansion
Authors: Sotiras Aristeidis , Toledo Jon B. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Davatzikos Christos 
Published: March 2017

Significance
During adolescence, the human cortex is morphed under the influence of regionally heterogeneous and heterochronous processes. Accurately mapping these processes and quantifying their effect is essential for understanding brain development, both in order and disorder. Currently, our understanding remains fundamentally “localizational” in nature, while often being limited by small samples. Here, we capitalize on a large cohort of youths and apply advanced multivariate analysis techniques to capture the coordinated growth of structural brain networks during adolescence. Our results delineate a representation of cortical organization that differs markedly from typical anatomical atlases. This representation comprises structural networks that relate closely to functional brain networks, while exhibiting differential developmental effects that are consistent with an evolutionary view of development.
Dynamic neural architecture for social knowledge retrieval
Authors: Wang Yin , Collins Jessica A. , Koski Jessica , Nugiel Tehila , Metoki Athanasia , Olson Ingrid R. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Knowledge about other people is critical for group survival and may have unique cognitive processing demands. Here, we investigate how person knowledge is represented, organized, and retrieved in the brain. We show that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) stores abstract person identity representation that is commonly embedded in multiple sources (e.g. face, name, scene, and personal object). We also found the ATL serves as a “neural switchboard,” coordinating with a network of other brain regions in a rapid and need-specific way to retrieve different aspects of biographical information (e.g., occupation and personality traits). Our findings endorse the ATL as a central hub for representing and retrieving person knowledge.
Graph-based semi-supervised learning with genomic data integration using condition-responsive genes applied to phenotype classification
Authors: Doostparast Torshizi Abolfazl , Petzold Linda R 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveData integration methods that combine data from different molecular levels such as genome, epigenome, transcriptome, etc., have received a great deal of interest in the past few years. It has been demonstrated that the synergistic effects of different biological data types can boost learning capabilities and lead to a better understanding of the underlying interactions among molecular levels.MethodsIn this paper we present a graph-based semi-supervised classification algorithm that incorporates latent biological knowledge in the form of biological pathways with gene expression and DNA methylation data. The process of graph construction from biological pathways is based on detecting condition-responsive genes, where 3 sets of genes are finally extracted: all condition responsive genes, high-frequency condition-responsive genes, and P-value–filtered genes.ResultsThe proposed approach is applied to ovarian cancer data downloaded from the Human Genome Atlas. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate superior performance of the proposed approach compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms, including the latest graph-based classification techniques.ConclusionsSimulation results demonstrate that integrating various data types enhances classification performance and leads to a better understanding of interrelations between diverse omics data types. The proposed approach outperforms many of the state-of-the-art data integration algorithms.
A general explanation on the correlation of dark matter halo spin with the large-scale environment
Authors: Wang Peng , Kang Xi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Both simulations and observations have found that the spin of halo/galaxy is correlated with the large-scale environment, and particularly the spin of halo flips in filament. A consistent picture of halo spin evolution in different environments is still lacked. Using N-body simulation, we find that halo spin with its environment evolves continuously from sheet to cluster, and the flip of halo spin happens both in filament and nodes. The flip in filament can be explained by halo formation time and migrating time when its environment changes from sheet to filament. For low-mass haloes, they form first in sheets and migrate into filaments later, so their mass and spin growth inside filament are lower, and the original spin is still parallel to filament. For high-mass haloes, they migrate into filaments first, and most of their mass and spin growth are obtained in filaments, so the resulted spin is perpendicular to filament. Our results well explain the overall evolution of cosmic web in the cold dark matter model and can be tested using high-redshift data. The scenario can also be tested against alternative models of dark matter, such as warm/hot dark matter, where the structure formation will proceed in a different way.
Indication of a massive circumbinary planet orbiting the low-mass X-ray binary MXB 1658−298
Authors: Jain Chetana , Paul Biswajit , Sharma Rahul , Jaleel Abdul , Dutta Anjan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present an X-ray timing analysis of the transient X-ray binary MXB 1658−298, using data obtained from the RXTE and XMM–Newton observatories. We have made 27 new mid-eclipse time measurements from observations made during the two outbursts of the source. These new measurements have been combined with the previously known values to study long-term changes in orbital period of the binary system. We have found that the mid-eclipse timing record of MXB 1658−298 is quite unusual. The long-term evolution of mid-eclipse times indicates an overall orbital period decay with a time-scale of –6.5(7) × 107 yr. Over and above this orbital period decay, the O−C residual curve also shows a periodic residual on shorter time-scales. This sinusoidal variation has an amplitude of ∼9 lt-s and a period of ∼760 d. This is indicative of the presence of a third body around the compact X-ray binary. The mass and orbital radius of the third body are estimated to lie in the ranges 20.5–26.9 Jupiter mass and 750–860 lt-s, respectively. If true, then it will be the most massive circumbinary planet and also the smallest period binary known to host a planet.
Patterns of Clinical Reasoning in Physical Therapist Students
Authors: Gilliland Sarah , Wainwright Susan Flannery 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Clinical reasoning is a complex, nonlinear problem–solving process that is influenced by models of practice. The development of physical therapists’ clinical reasoning abilities is a crucial yet underresearched aspect of entry-level (professional) physical therapist education.
Objectives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the types of clinical reasoning strategies physical therapist students engage in during a patient encounter.
Methods. A qualitative descriptive case study design involving within and across case analysis was used. Eight second-year, professional physical therapist students from 2 different programs completed an evaluation and initial intervention for a standardized patient followed by a retrospective think-aloud interview to explicate their reasoning processes. Participants’ clinical reasoning strategies were examined using a 2-stage qualitative method of thematic analysis.
Results. Participants demonstrated consistent signs of development of physical therapy–specific reasoning processes, yet varied in their approach to the case and use of reflection. Participants who gave greater attention to patient education and empowerment also demonstrated greater use of reflection-in-action during the patient encounter. One negative case illustrates the variability in the rate at which students may develop these abilities.
Conclusions. Participants demonstrated development toward physical therapist–-specific clinical reasoning, yet demonstrated qualitatively different approaches to the patient encounter. Multiple factors, including the use of reflection-in-action, may enable students to develop greater flexibility in their reasoning processes.
Unemployment reduction or labor force expansion? How partisanship matters for the design of active labor market policy in Europe
Authors: Cronert Axel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractComparative scholars fundamentally disagree about the impact of partisan politics in modern welfare states, particularly in certain ‘new’ policy areas such as active labor market policy (ALMP). Using new data on 900 ALMP programs across Europe, this study attempts to reconcile a long-standing dispute between the traditional ‘power resources’ approach and the ‘insider/outsider’ approach pioneered by Rueda. The study argues that both left-wing and right-wing governments invest in ALMP but that politics still matter because parties’ preferences regarding unemployment differ. The left is more inclined to expand programs primarily designed to reduce unemployment, which exclusively target ‘core’ groups in, or at risk of, unemployment, and programs in which participants are no longer counted among the unemployed. In contrast, both sides are equally prone to expand programs that also—or instead—target people who are not yet participating in the labor market, which thus also—or instead—serve to increase labor supply.
Comparison of Outcomes Between C1-C2 Screw-Hook Fixation and C1-C2 Screw-Rod Fixation for Treating Reducible Atlantoaxial Dislocation
Authors: Ni Bin , Zhao Wenlong , Guo Qunfeng , Zhang Mei , Chen Jinshui , Guo Xiang , Lu Xuhua , Xie Ning 
Published: March 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective comparative study.

Objective.
To compare the outcomes of C1-C2 transarticular screw with C1 laminar hook (TAS + C1H) fixation and C1 trans-arch lateral mass screw with C2 pedicle screw (C1TLMS + C2PS) fixation in the treatment of reducible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD).

Summary of Background Data.
TAS + C1H is comparable to TAS with posterior wiring techniques and superior to C1 lateral mass screw combined with C2 pedicle screw (C1LMS + C2PS) in biomechanics. There were, however, few studies analyzing the differences in outcomes between TAS + C1H technique and modified C1LMS + C2PS technique (C1TLMS + C2PS) for treating AAD.

Methods.
Data of 30 patients with reducible AAD treated by TAS + C1H fixation and another 30 cases treated by C1TLMS + C2PS fixation were retrospectively analyzed. Bone fusion time was recorded. The outcomes evaluated by American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale, visual analog scale score for neck pain, neck stiffness (none/mild/severe), patient satisfaction, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were compared between two groups.

Results.
There were no complications related to the surgical approach and instrumentation in either group. At the final follow-up, bone graft fusion rates were 100% in both the TAS + C1H fixation group and the C1TLMS + C2PS fixation group (P > 0.05). The neurological status evaluated by American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale were greatly improved in both screw-hook group (P < 0.001) and screw-rod group (P < 0.001), but with no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in visual analog scale score for neck pain, neck stiffness, patient satisfaction, or Neck Disability Index (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
C1TLMS + C2PS fixation was comparable to TAS + C1H fixation in fusion rate and functional outcomes for treating reducible AAD. To reduce the risk of vertebral artery injury, computed tomography scan, and reconstruction should be done to analyze vertebral artery course and C1-C2 anatomic structures before operation.

Level of Evidence: 3
Pedicle Screw Safety: How Much Anterior Breach Is Safe?
Authors: Sarwahi Vishal , Payares Monica , Wendolowski Stephen , Gecelter Rachel , Maguire Kathleen , Wang Dan , Thornhill Beverly , Amaral Terry 
Published: March 2017

Study Design.
Clinical retrospective chart review and basic science study.

Objectives.
To determine the safety limits of an anterior/anterorolateral misplaced pedicle screw on computed tomography (CT) scan in spinal deformity.

Summary of Background Data.
Although the limits of medial breaches (<4 mm) are known, the safe limits for anterior/anterolateral breaches in spine deformity are not yet defined.

Methods.
The present study had two parts. In part I, postoperative CT scans of 165 patients operated on for spine deformity were reviewed for screw misplacement (2800 screws). The amount of anterior/anterolateral breach was measured. Protrusions were also evaluated for proximity to vital structures. All scans were reviewed by musculoskeletal radiologist. In part II, eight cadavers were instrumented with 6 × 30 and 6 × 40 mm bilaterally from T1-S1. Screws were randomly inserted under navigation guidance either “IN” or “OUT-anterior/lateral.” CT scan was performed, followed by gross dissection to determine screw position.

Results.
Part I: 116(4.2%) screws were misplaced anterior/anterolaterally. Thirty-one (26.7%) were adjacent to vital structures. Fisher exact test showed 4 mm or less breach has significantly lower likelihood of impingement (P < 0.001). Screws adjacent/impinging the aorta protruded an average 5.7 ± 0.6 mm, whereas screws not involving the aorta breached an average 3.9 ± 0.2 mm, (P < 0.001). Part II: 285 screws were inserted. On CT scan, 125 were misplaced anterior/anterolaterally. On gross dissection, 89 were visibly misplaced; 23 were covered entirely by soft tissue but were palpable; and 13 were contained in bone. All 23 screws did not endanger any structures and protruded less than 4 mm on CT scan.

Conclusion.
Anterior/anterolateral breaches of 4 mm or less on CT poses no significant risk of impingement and therefore can be considered safe.

Level of Evidence: 3
Cutaneous Mastocytosis With Atypical Mast Cells in a 7-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Marrero Alemán Gabriel , El Habr Constantin , Islas Norris Diana , Montenegro Dámaso Társila , Borrego Leopoldo , Sangueza Omar P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:
Cutaneous mastocytosis is defined by the presence of mast cells within the skin in the absence of other criteria for the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis. Mast cells are characterized by an abundant granular cytoplasm and a round to oval or spindle-shaped nuclei. The presence of mast cells with bilobed and multilobed nuclei in cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare phenomenon and has been rarely reported in the literature. To our knowledge, there are only 4 reported cases of cutaneous mastocytosis with atypical mast cells. We hereby report a case of urticaria pigmentosa in a 7-year-old female patient. The patient presented with asymptomatic skin lesions of several years duration over the neck and left scapular area. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of middermal perivascular infiltrates mainly composed of mast cells, few lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Most mast cells showed pleomorphic nuclei with bilobed and multilobed morphology that revealed a positive expression for CD117, tryptase, CD68, and Giemsa stains. Based on these findings the diagnosis of urticaria pigmentosa with atypical mast cells was made. Additional tests to rule out systemic involvement were performed. All values, including a tryptase level, were within normal limits. No changes were noted after 1-year follow-up.
Ibrutinib-Induced Neutrophilic Dermatosis
Authors: El Halabi Layal , Cherif-Rebai Khadija , Michot Jean-Marie , Ghez David 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:
We report the case of a 64-year-old woman treated with ibrutinib for a chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion, who developed several erythematous, painful, and papulo-nodular skin lesions in the limbs, neck, and face. The skin biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of neutrophilic dermatosis. Rechallenge with ibrutinib at full dose was followed by the recurrence of the same skin lesions, strongly suggesting a direct relationship.
Cleft Palate Repair without Lateral Relaxing Incision
Authors: Ogata Hisao , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The goals of successful palate repair include optimization of speech and feeding, avoidance of fistula formation, and mitigation of adverse maxillary growth. However, the effects of scar formation on maxillary growth have not been discussed in detail.

Methods:
Between November 2010 and December 2011, the palateplasty was performed for 24 patients with cleft palate (median age, 12 months; range, 11–18 months). In the velum, a symmetrical intravelar veloplasty with mucosal Z-plasty was performed on both the nasal and oral sides. In the hard palate, instead of lateral relaxing incisions, a 1-line mucoperiosteal incision along the cleft margins was designed with subperiosteal undermining in the entire palatine bone. The palatal mucoperiosteum was sutured together in the middle of the cleft, and the cleft was directly closed without lateral relaxing incisions. The patients were monitored for 6 months to 1.6 years.

Results:
None of the cases had issues concerning flap viability, and all palate repairs healed well. Postoperative results were satisfactory, without any complications such as dehiscence, perforation, or palatal fistula.

Conclusions:
The method presented in this article was effective, with successful palatal closure and without scar formation or mucosal defects along the alveolus. We conclude that minimum contracture of the hard palate was useful for not only mitigating adverse maxillary growth but also for orthodontics.
Determining the Trimming Layer in Breast Reconstruction with a Free TRAM Flap Using Intraoperative Video-angiography
Authors: Lee Sang Keon , Lee Dong Won , Lew Dae Hyun , Song Seung Yong 
Published: March 2017

Summary:
In breast reconstruction using a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous or deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, the trimming process for the flap area, which is usually the upper portion of the reconstructed breast, is critical to creating a natural-looking breast. In this study, we investigated which subcutaneous fat layer of the abdominal flap benefited most from a well-maintained blood supply during the trimming process using intraoperative fluorescent angiography system in a cross-sectional view of the elevated abdominal flap. We concluded that, for cosmetic purposes, the deep subcutaneous fat layer (beneath Scarpa’s fascia) should be trimmed first to minimize fat necrosis due to fat ischemia.
FLORID NEOVASCULARIZATION OF THE RETINA IN A DIABETIC PATIENT UNDERGOING INDUCTION AND CONSOLIDATION THERAPY FOR ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Rocke John R. , Clark J. Ben , Campbell Philip J. , Kurniawan Emil 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To report on a 39-year-old gentleman with a background of Type 2 diabetes mellitus who was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which was treated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and subsequently developed bilateral neovascularization of the disk (NVD).

Methods:
Ophthalmic examination and investigation including fundus photography and fluorescein angiography.

Results:
Three months after commencement of ATRA therapy, the patient was found to have florid bilateral NVD with adjacent preretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages. Fundus fluorescein angiography was undertaken and NVD was confirmed in both eyes, which was significantly greater than expected for the extent of disease secondary to diabetic retinopathy. As a result of the fluorescein angiography findings, we believe ATRA-mediated upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor may be the etiology of the NVD. Literature review shows some in vitro studies, which describe ATRA-induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular tissues. The patient was managed successfully by cessation of ATRA and a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in each eye.

Conclusion:
Acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with ATRA may result in upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal tissues. Subsequent development of NVD may occur; however, this resolves well by cessation of ATRA and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. We recommend that all patients undergoing treatment with ATRA for acute promyelocytic leukemia be monitored by an ophthalmologist.