bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallinity and surface state of cellulose in wet ball‐milling process
Authors: Nemoto Shimpei , Ueno Tomonaga , Watthanaphanit Anyarat , Hieda Junko , Saito Nagahiro 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe report the effect of wet ball‐milling process under mild neutral salt conditions on the alteration of crystallinity and surface state of microcrystalline cellulose (MC). The ball‐milling experiments were performed when the MC was immersed in H2O, NaCl aqueous solution, and KCl aqueous solution. Two collation groups, i.e., MC immersed in H2O2 and nonimmersed MC were additionally investigated for comparison. Except when H2O2 was present, the highest decrease in the cellulose crystallinity index (CI) was observed in dilute KCl. On the other hand, the CI of wet‐milled MC/NaCl was greater than that of the wet‐milled MC/H2O, however, still lower than that of the non‐immersed MC. XPS results showed that the carbonization progressed in dry‐milled MC and wet‐milled MC/NaCl surfaces. Though, the surface oxidization progressed in wet‐milled MC/H2O and wet‐milled MC/KCl. Lastly, the ball‐milling processes in different solutions led to various decreases of the crystallinity and the surface degradation due to carbonization and/or oxidization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44903.
Extraction resistance and mechanism of a macromolecular hindered phenol antioxidant in natural rubber
Authors: Wu Wenjian , Li Hongqiang , Yang Shuyan , Lai Xuejun , Fan Hongbo , Cai Haining , Zeng Xingrong 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDue to low thermal stability, poor migration, and extraction resistances, the antioxidant with low molecular weight is easy to physically lose during processing and long‐term service, and its applications are severely restricted. To increase the molecular weight of antioxidant is one of the promising methods to overcome such drawbacks. In this study, the extraction resistance of a macromolecular antioxidant, namely polyhydroxylated polybutadiene containing thioether binding 2,2′‐thiobis(4‐methyl‐6‐tert‐butylphenol) (PHPBT‐b‐TPH), was investigated by extraction resistance test and equilibrium swelling experiment. The results exhibited that the PHPBT‐b‐TPH offered much better extraction resistance in natural rubber (NR) than the low molecular weight antioxidant TPH. In addition, the extraction resistance of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polypropylene glycol (PPG) in NR were also compared to study the extraction mechanism of the PHPBT‐b‐TPH. It was found that the higher molecular weight of PHPBT‐b‐TPH and the co‐vulcanization between PHPBT‐b‐TPH and NR were the main reasons for the excellent extraction resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44905.
Evidence of clandestine harvest and failure of conservation policies for Argopecten purpuratus in the Rinconada Marine Reserve (Chile)
Authors: Avendaño Miguel , Cantillánez Marcela , Thouzeau Gérard 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

The study of Argopecten purpuratus reproduction, post‐larval settlement, stock size, and population size structure and shell growth was undertaken in the 2000s in the Rinconada marine reserve (Chile) to evaluate the effectiveness of scallop recruitment and self‐sustainability.
The results highlight strong seasonal and inter‐annual variations of environmental conditions and scallop gonadosomatic index, spat collection, benthic distribution, total abundance and population size structure.
The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 120.12 mm and K = 0.9681; commercial size would be reached in about 17.2 months in the bay. Substrate availability, meteorological conditions, hydrodynamics and illegal harvesting explain spatial and temporal variations in scallop distribution and abundance.
Recruitment strength depends on one main cohort from year to year. While recruitment made up 81% and 94% of total abundances in May 2002 and May 2003, respectively, there were no overall density‐dependent relationships between stock size and recruitment. Spawning asynchrony in the bay supports the hypothesis that multiple gamete releases form part of a reproductive strategy in response to environmental variability.
The massive disappearance of large‐sized scallops during the study periods was direct evidence of overfishing owing to clandestine harvesting within the marine reserve. The failure of current legislation, strategies and policies for scallop conservation requires new regulations to restore scallop stock size, maintain its reproductive performance and limit illegal harvesting in the Rinconada.
A scenario allowing harvesting regulated by stock‐dependent fishing quotas would more efficiently ensure stock recovery and self‐sustainability. The modalities of this new policy are discussed.
Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)
Authors: Emura Kenji , Arakawa Takamitsu , Terashima Toshio 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTTo elucidate the forelimb phylogeny of primates, anatomical analysis of the brachial plexus in platyrrhines is beneficial. In the present study, six brachial plexuses and the surrounding arteries of four common marmosets were dissected. In five specimens, the brachial plexus consisted of five ventral rami from the fifth cervical nerve (C5) to the first thoracic nerve (T1). In one specimen, the ventral ramus of the fourth cervical nerve joined with the brachial plexus. In five specimens, the upper trunk was composed of C5 and the sixth cervical nerve (C6). In one specimen, the ventral division of C6 merged with the ventral branch of the middle trunk to constitute the lateral cord. The seventh cervical nerve constituted the middle trunk, and the eighth cervical nerve and T1 formed the lower trunk in all specimens. The lateral cord gave rise to the musculocutaneous nerve, and the remaining component merged with the medial cord. The confluence of the lateral and medial cords immediately bifurcated into the median and ulnar nerves. These branching patterns of the musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves were consistent and similar to the human counterparts. In the dorsal division, the single posterior cord as observed in the human brachial plexus was not observed. The axillary artery did not pass between the medial and lateral roots of the median nerve, and the axillary artery bifurcated into the brachial artery and the superficial brachial artery. Anat Rec, 300:1299–1306, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of cAMP levels by high‐fat diet and curcumin and regulatory effects on CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter gene expression
Authors: Zingg Jean‐Marc , Hasan Syeda T. , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Canepa Elisa , Ricciarelli Roberta , Villacorta Luis , Azzi Angelo , Meydani Mohsen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCurcumin, a polyphenol from turmeric (Curcuma longa), reduces inflammation, atherosclerosis, and obesity in several animal studies. In Ldlr−/− mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD), curcumin reduces plasma lipid levels, therefore contributing to a lower accumulation of lipids and to reduced expression of fatty acid transport proteins (CD36/FAT, FABP4/aP2) in peritoneal macrophages. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg diet, for 4 months) may influence plasma and tissue lipid levels in Ldlr−/− mice fed an HFD. In liver, HFD significantly suppressed cAMP levels, and curcumin restored almost normal levels. Similar trends were observed in adipose tissues, but not in brain, skeletal muscle, spleen, and kidney. Treatment with curcumin increased phosphorylation of CREB in liver, what may play a role in regulatory effects of curcumin in lipid homeostasis. In cell lines, curcumin increased the level of cAMP, activated the transcription factor CREB and the human CD36 promoter via a sequence containing a consensus CREB response element. Regulatory effects of HFD and Cur on gene expression were observed in liver, less in skeletal muscle and not in brain. Since the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB pathway plays an important role in lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis by increasing lipolysis and fatty acid β‐oxidation, an increase in cAMP levels induced by curcumin may contribute to its hypolipidemic and anti‐atherosclerotic effects. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):42–53, 2017
Effects of antibody disulfide bond reduction on purification process performance and final drug substance stability
Authors: Chung Wai Keen , Russell Brian , Yang Yanhong , Handlogten Michael , Hudak Suzanne , Cao Mingyan , Wang Jihong , Robbins David , Ahuja Sanjeev , Zhu Min 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAntibody disulfide bond reduction during monoclonal antibody (mAb) production is a phenomenon that has been attributed to the reducing enzymes from CHO cells acting on the mAb during the harvest process. However, the impact of antibody reduction on the downstream purification process has not been studied. During the production of an IgG2 mAb, antibody reduction was observed in the harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF), resulting in high fragment levels. In addition, aggregate levels increased during the low pH treatment step in the purification process. A correlation between the level of free thiol in the HCCF (as a result of antibody reduction) and aggregation during the low pH step was established, wherein higher levels of free thiol in the starting sample resulted in increased levels of aggregates during low pH treatment. The elevated levels of free thiol were not reduced over the course of purification, resulting in carry‐over of high free thiol content into the formulated drug substance. When the drug substance with high free thiols was monitored for product degradation at room temperature and 2–8°C, faster rates of aggregation were observed compared to the drug substance generated from HCCF that was purified immediately after harvest. Further, when antibody reduction mitigations (e.g., chilling, aeration, and addition of cystine) were applied, HCCF could be held for an extended period of time while providing the same product quality/stability as material that had been purified immediately after harvest. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1264–1274. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Characterization of a continuous agitated cell reactor for oxygen dependent biocatalysis
Authors: Toftgaard Pedersen Asbjørn , de Carvalho Teresa Melo , Sutherland Euan , Rehn Gustav , Ashe Robert , Woodley John M. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBiocatalytic oxidation reactions employing molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor are difficult to conduct in a continuous flow reactor because of the requirement for high oxygen transfer rates. In this paper, the oxidation of glucose to glucono‐1,5‐lactone by glucose oxidase was used as a model reaction to study a novel continuous agitated cell reactor (ACR). The ACR consists of ten cells interconnected by small channels. An agitator is placed in each cell, which mixes the content of the cell when the reactor body is shaken by lateral movement. Based on tracer experiments, a hydrodynamic model for the ACR was developed. The model consisted of ten tanks‐in‐series with back‐mixing occurring within and between each cell. The back‐mixing was a necessary addition to the model in order to explain the observed phenomenon that the ACR behaved as two continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at low flow rates, while it at high flow rates behaved as the expected ten CSTRs in series. The performance of the ACR was evaluated by comparing the steady state conversion at varying residence times with the conversion observed in a stirred batch reactor of comparable size. It was found that the ACR could more than double the overall reaction rate, which was solely due to an increased oxygen transfer rate in the ACR caused by the intense mixing as a result of the spring agitators. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, kLa, was estimated to be 344 h−1 in the 100 mL ACR, opposed to only 104 h−1 in a batch reactor of comparable working volume. Interestingly, the large deviation from plug flow behavior seen in the tracer experiments was found to have little influence on the conversion in the ACR, since both a plug flow reactor (PFR) model and the backflow cell model described the data sufficiently well. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1222–1230. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Yeast dynamin interaction with ESCRT proteins at the endosome
Authors: Banh Bryan T. , McDermott Hyoeun , Woodman Sara , Gadila Shiva Kumar Goud , Saimani Uma , Short John C. W. , Kim Kyoungtae 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe dynamin‐like protein, Vps1, is a GTPase involved in cargo sorting and membrane remodeling in multiple cellular trafficking pathways. Recently, Vps1 has been shown to genetically interact with ESCRT subunits. We tested the hypothesis that the functional connection of Vps1 with some of these subunits of ESCRT complexes occurs via a physical interaction. By utilizing the yeast two‐hybrid system, we revealed that Vps1 physically interacts with the ESCRT‐II subunits, Vps22 and Vps36, and the ESCRT‐III subunit Vps24. We found that Vps1 and ESCRT‐II components colocalize with Pep12, an endosomal marker. Additionally, loss of Vps1 or depletion of the GTPase activity of Vps1 results in a moderate defect in Cps1 targeting to the vacuole. Here, we discussed the potential implications of Vps1 and ESCRT interaction and their roles in the endosome‐to‐vacuole traffic. In summary, yeast dynamin interacts with ESCRT II and III complexes, and it functions in Cps1 trafficking toward the vacuole.
Real‐world use of idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal in three cases of serious bleeding
Authors: Gendron Nicolas , Feral‐Pierssens Anne Laure , Jurcisin Igor , de Raucourt Emmanuelle , Bouton Valerie , Fischer Anne Marie , Lorenceau‐Savale Camille , Lillo‐Le Louët Agnès , Smadja David M. 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageBleeding is a rare complication of direct oral anticoagulant potentially associated with high mortality rates. Biological monitoring is necessary for more than 24 h after idarucizumab antidote therapy in case of bleeding with dabigatran therapy.
Single‐Pot Conversion of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol into Tetrahydropyran over a Ni/HZSM‐5 Catalyst under Aqueous‐Phase Conditions
Authors: Soghrati Elmira , Choong Catherine , Poh Chee Kok , Kawi Sibudjing , Borgna Armando 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNi‐based catalysts were examined in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, resulting in the selective C−O bond cleavage to produce 1,5‐pentanediol, along with 1,2,5‐pentanetriol, which was detected for the first time under aqueous‐phase conditions. 70 % yield to tetrahydropyran was achieved using one‐pot conversion over bifunctional Ni/HZSM‐5 catalysts.
A Multifunctional Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for the One‐Pot Tandem Photooxidative Passerini Three‐Component Reaction of Alcohols
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA porous multifunctional zirconium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) was achieved by combined covalent and dative post synthetic modification (PSM) of the UiO‐66‐NH2, and characterized by a variety of techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, powder XRD, N2 temperature‐programmed adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The MOF (Zr–MOF–FePC, PC=2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde) is an active, efficient, and reusable catalyst for the one‐pot tandem photooxidative Passerini three‐component reaction of alcohols. This is a new type of tandem photocatalyst and cooperative catalyst and was obtained in the course of developing MOFs as versatile heterogeneous catalysts for diverse tandem oxidative multicomponent reactions. This work illustrates the potential of MOFs as multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable chemistry.
Engineered Au Core@Prussian Blue Analogous Shell Nanoheterostructures: Their Magnetic and Optical Properties
Authors: Maurin‐Pasturel Guillaume , Long Jérôme , Palacios Maria A. , Guérin Christian , Charnay Clarence , Willinger Marc‐Georg , Trifonov Alexander A. , Larionova Joulia , Guari Yannick 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report a new approach for the synthesis of multifunctional Au core@Prussian Blue analogous (PBA) shell nanoheterostructures that involves PBA shell growth on the surface of cyanide‐stabilized gold nanoparticles. It permits the assembly of Au@KNiII[FeII(CN)6] core@shell and Au@KNiII[FeII(CN)6]@KNiII[CrIII(CN)6] core@shell@shell heterostructures with well‐defined and size‐controlled gold cores and PBA shells. These heterostructures exhibit tunable size‐ and shape‐dependent magnetic and optical properties: (i) the surface plasmon resonance band position and intensity mainly depend on the PBA shell thickness, and (ii) the magnetic properties (the transition temperature, the coercivity, and magnetic regime) depend in a complex manner on the thickness as well as the particular morphology of the magnetic shell.
Ecological speciation by temporal isolation in a population of the stonefly Leuctra hippopus (Plecoptera, Leuctridae)
Authors: Boumans Louis , Hogner Silje , Brittain John , Johnsen Arild 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStream dwelling invertebrates are ideal candidates for the study of ecological speciation as they are often adapted to particular environmental conditions within a stream and inhabit only certain reaches of a drainage basin, separated by unsuitable habitat. We studied an atypical population of the stonefly Leuctra hippopus at a site in central Norway, the Isterfoss rapids, in relation to three nearby and two remote conspecific populations. Adults of this population emerge about a month earlier than those of nearby populations, live on large boulders emerging from the rapids, and are short‐lived. This population also has distinct morphological features and was studied earlier during the period 1975–1990. We reassessed morphological distinctness with new measurements and added several analyses of genetic distinctness based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence markers, as well as AFLP fingerprinting and SNPs mined from RAD sequences. The Isterfoss population is shown to be most closely related to its geographical neighbors, yet clearly morphologically and genetically distinct and homogeneous. We conclude that this population is in the process of sympatric speciation, with temporal isolation being the most important direct barrier to gene flow. The shift in reproductive season results from the particular temperature and water level regime in the Isterfoss rapids. The distinct adult body shape and loss of flight are hypothesized to be an adaptation to the unusual habitat. Ecological diversification on small spatial and temporal scales is one of the likely causes of the high diversity of aquatic insects.
Whole‐lake invasive crayfish removal and qualitative modeling reveal habitat‐specific food web topology
Authors: Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Tunney Tyler D. , Winslow Luke A. , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPatterning of the presence/absence of food web linkages (hereafter topology) is a fundamental characteristic of ecosystems that can influence species responses to perturbations. However, the insight from food web topology into dynamic effects of perturbations on species is potentially hindered because most described topologies represent data integrated across spatial and temporal scales. We conducted a 10‐year, whole‐lake experiment in which we removed invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) from a 64‐ha north‐temperate lake and monitored responses of multiple trophic levels. We compared species responses observed in two sub‐habitats to the responses predicted from all topologies of an integrated, literature‐informed base food web model of 32 potential links. Out of 4.3 billion possible topologies, only 308,833 (0.0072%) predicted responses that qualitatively matched observed species responses in cobble habitat, and only 12,673 (0.0003%) matched observed responses in sand habitat. Furthermore, when constrained to predictions that both matched observed responses and were highly reliable (i.e., predictions were robust to link strength values), only 5040 (0.0001%) and 140 (0.000003%) topologies were identified for cobble and sand habitats, respectively. A small number of linkages were nearly always present in these valid, reliable networks in sand, while a greater variety of possible network configurations were possible in cobble. Direct links involving invasive rusty crayfish were more important in cobble, while indirect effects involving Lepomis spp. were more important in sand. Importantly, the importance of individual species linkages differed dramatically among cobble and sand sub‐habitats within a single lake, even though species composition was identical. Although the true topology of food webs is difficult to determine, constraining topologies to include spatial resolution that matches observed experimental outcomes may reduce possibilities to a small number of plausible alternatives.
Assessing the ecological coherence of a marine protected area network in the Celtic Seas
Authors: Foster Nicola L. , Rees Siân , Langmead Olivia , Griffiths Charly , Oates Jenny , Attrill Martin J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are a management tool used to respond to human‐derived threats in marine ecosystems. Historically, MPAs have been established on an individual ad hoc basis, rather than through a systematic, planned process. However, high levels of functional and spatial connectivity within marine ecosystems have led to the suggestion that networks of MPAs provide greater ecological benefits than individual MPAs. Consequently, international policy has developed to consider broader spatial requirements for marine conservation, resulting in a number of international and regional agreements that require the establishment of ecologically coherent MPA networks. Existing MPAs are now being considered, retrospectively, alongside new designations, as networks of MPAs across regions, both nationally and internationally. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), France, the Republic of Ireland, and the UK (including Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man) are required to work together to ensure coordinated development of marine strategies for the Celtic Seas subregion. Accordingly, MPAs have been identified as crucial components of the programme of measures to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) under the MSFD. Here, we provide the first ecological coherence assessment of an MPA network spanning an MSFD subregion. A network of 533 MPAs, or parts thereof, across the Celtic Seas subregion was assessed using five criteria and two methodologies, with a focus on broadscale habitats. While the Celtic Seas MPA network as a whole is not ecologically coherent (according to accepted thresholds), progress toward a number of global targets has been achieved, for example, protection of 10% of marine and coastal areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Further, all MSFD predominant habitat types assessed are adequately represented and replicated within the network. However, a number of gaps were identified, including a lack of MPAs in offshore and deeper areas, and inadequate proportions of predominant habitat types within MPAs. Addressing these gaps to enable the MPA network to fulfill its critical role in the delivery of GES under the MSFD will require both national progress toward designation of adequate and viable MPAs and transboundary agreements and coordination of MPA designation processes at the European level.