bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The durability of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children with hydrocephalus following posterior fossa tumor resection: a systematic review and time-to-failure analysis
Authors: Dewan Michael C. , Lim Jaims , Shannon Chevis N. , Wellons John C. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEUp to one-third of patients with a posterior fossa brain tumor (PFBT) will experience persistent hydrocephalus mandating permanent CSF diversion. The optimal hydrocephalus treatment modality is unknown; the authors sought to compare the durability between endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) therapy in the pediatric population.METHODSThe authors conducted a systematic review of articles indexed in PubMed between 1986 and 2016 describing ETV and/or VPS treatment success/failure and time-to-failure rate in patients < 19 years of age with hydrocephalus related to a PFBT. Additionally, the authors conducted a retrospective review of their institutional series of PFBT patients requiring CSF diversion. Patient data from the systematic review and from the institutional series were aggregated and a time-to-failure analysis was performed comparing ETV and VPS using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTSA total of 408 patients were included from 12 studies and the authors' institutional series: 284 who underwent ETV and 124 who underwent VPS placement. The analysis included uncontrolled studies with variable method and timing of CSF diversion and were subject to surgeon bias. No significant differences between cohorts were observed with regard to age, sex, tumor grade or histology, metastatic status, or extent of resection. The cumulative failure rate of ETV was 21%, whereas that of VPS surgery was 29% (p = 0.105). The median time to failure was earlier for ETV than for VPS surgery (0.82 [IQR 0.2–1.8] vs 4.7 months [IQR 0.3–5.7], p = 0.03). Initially the ETV survival curve dropped sharply and then stabilized around 2 months. The VPS curve fell gradually but eventually crossed below the ETV curve at 5.7 months. Overall, a significant survival advantage was not demonstrated for one procedure over the other (p = 0.21, log-rank). However, postoperative complications were higher following VPS (31%) than ETV (17%) (p = 0.012).CONCLUSIONSETV failure occurred sooner than VPS failure, but long-term treatment durability may be higher for ETV. Complications occurred more commonly with VPS than with ETV. Limited clinical conclusions are drawn using this methodology; the optimal treatment for PFBT-related hydrocephalus warrants investigation through prospective studies.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury: Assessment of autonomic nervous system activity
Authors: da Silva Fabiana Tenório Gomes , Browne Rodrigo Alberto Vieira , Pinto Camila Bonin , Saleh Velez Faddi Ghassan , do Egito Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa , do Rêgo Jeferson Tafarel Pereira , da Silva Marília Rodrigues , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , Fregni Felipe 
Published: March 2017

Background: We hypothesized in this study that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of primary motor cortex could exert top-down modulation over subcortical systems associated with autonomic control and thus be useful to revert some of the dysfunctional changes found in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of subjects with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Objective: To explore the acute effect of tDCS on ANS indexed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in individuals with SCI and analyze whether this effect depends on the gender, degree, level and time of injury. Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blinded study, 18 adults with SCI (32.9±7.9 years old) were included; the intervention consisted of a single 12-minute session of active tDCS (anodal, 2 mA) and a control session of sham tDCS applied over Cz (bihemispheric motor cortex). HRV was calculated using spectral analysis. Low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio variables were evaluated before, during, and post tDCS. Results: A two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that after active (anodal) stimulation, LF/HF ratio was significantly increased ( P = 0.013). There was a trend for an interaction between time and stimulation for both LF and HF ( P = 0.052). Paired exploratory t-tests reported effects on the difference of time [post–pre] between stimulation conditions for LF ( P = 0.052), HF ( P = 0.052) and LF/HF ( P = 0.003). Conclusion: Anodal tDCS of the motor cortex modulated ANS activity in individuals with SCI independent of gender, type and time of lesion. These changes were in the direction of normalization of ANS parameters, thus confirming our initial hypothesis that an enhancement of cortical excitability by tDCS could at least partially restore some of the dysfunctional activity in the ANS system of subjects with SCI.
Large Magellanic Cloud Near-infrared Synoptic Survey. IV. Leavitt Laws for Type II Cepheid Variables
Authors: Bhardwaj Anupam , Macri Lucas M. , Rejkuba Marina , Kanbur Shashi M. , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Singh Harinder P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present time-series observations of Population II Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud at near-infrared (JHK

s
) wavelengths. Our sample consists of 81 variables with accurate periods and optical (VI) magnitudes from the OGLE survey, covering various subtypes of pulsators (BL Herculis, W Virginis, and RV Tauri). We generate light-curve templates using high-quality I-band data in the LMC from OGLE and K

s
-band data in the Galactic bulge from VISTA Variables in Via LÃ¡ctea survey and use them to obtain robust mean magnitudes. We derive period–luminosity (P–L) relations in the near-infrared and Period–Wesenheit (P–W) relations by combining optical and near-infrared data. Our P–L and P–W relations are consistent with published work when excluding long-period RV Tauris. We find that Pop II Cepheids and RR Lyraes follow the same P–L relations in the LMC. Therefore, we use trigonometric parallax from the Gaia DR1 for VY Pyx and the Hubble Space Telescope parallaxes for k Pav and 5 RR Lyrae variables to obtain an absolute calibration of the Galactic K

s
-band P–L relation, resulting in a distance modulus to the LMC of

mag. We update the mean magnitudes of Pop II Cepheids in Galactic globular clusters using our light-curve templates and obtain distance estimates to those systems, anchored to a precise late-type eclipsing binary distance to the LMC. We find that the distances to these globular clusters based on Pop II Cepheids are consistent (within

) with estimates based on the

relation for horizontal branch stars.
Turbulent Transport by Diffusive Stratified Shear Flows: From Local to Global Models. I. Numerical Simulations of a Stratified Plane Couette Flow
Authors: Garaud Pascale , Gagnier Damien , Verhoeven Jan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Shear-induced turbulence could play a significant role in mixing momentum and chemical species in stellar radiation zones, as discussed by Zahn. In this paper we analyze the results of direct numerical simulations of stratified plane Couette flows, in the limit of rapid thermal diffusion, to measure the turbulent viscosity and the turbulent diffusivity of a passive tracer as a function of the local shear and the local stratification. We find that the stability criterion proposed by Zahn, namely that the product of the gradient Richardson number and the Prandtl number must be smaller than a critical values

for instability, adequately accounts for the transition to turbulence in the flow, with

. This result recovers and confirms the prior findings of Prat et al. Zahn’s model for the turbulent diffusivity and viscosity, namely that the mixing coefficient should be proportional to the ratio of the thermal diffusivity to the gradient Richardson number, does not satisfactorily match our numerical data. It fails (as expected) in the limit of large stratification where the Richardson number exceeds the aforementioned threshold for instability, but it also fails in the limit of low stratification where the turbulent eddy scale becomes limited by the computational domain size. We propose a revised model for turbulent mixing by diffusive stratified shear instabilities that properly accounts for both limits, fits our data satisfactorily, and recovers Zahn’s model in the limit of large Reynolds numbers.
Three Radial Gaps in the Disk of TW Hydrae Imaged with SPHERE
Authors: Boekel R. van , Henning Th. , Menu J. , Boer J. de , Langlois M. , Müller A. , Avenhaus H. , Boccaletti A. , Schmid H. M. , Thalmann Ch. , Benisty M. , Dominik C. , Ginski Ch. , Girard J. H. , Gisler D. , Gomes A. Lobo , Menard F. , Min M. , Pavlov A. , Pohl A. , Quanz S. P. , Rabou P. , Roelfsema R. , Sauvage J.-F. , Teague R. , Wildi F. , Zurlo A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present scattered light images of the TW Hya disk performed with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument in Polarimetric Differential Imaging mode at 0.63, 0.79, 1.24, and 1.62 μm. We also present H2/H3-band angular differential imaging (ADI) observations. Three distinct radial depressions in the polarized intensity distribution are seen, around ≈85, ≈21, and ≲6 au.21
The overall intensity distribution has a high degree of azimuthal symmetry; the disk is somewhat brighter than average toward the south and darker toward the north–west. The ADI observations yielded no signifiant detection of point sources in the disk. Our observations have a linear spatial resolution of 1–2 au, similar to that of recent ALMA dust continuum observations. The sub-micron-sized dust grains that dominate the light scattering in the disk surface are strongly coupled to the gas. We created a radiative transfer disk model with self-consistent temperature and vertical structure iteration and including grain size-dependent dust settling. This method may provide independent constraints on the gas distribution at higher spatial resolution than is feasible with ALMA gas line observations. We find that the gas surface density in the “gaps” is reduced by ≈50% to ≈80% relative to an unperturbed model. Should embedded planets be responsible for carving the gaps then their masses are at most a few 10

. The observed gaps are wider, with shallower flanks, than expected for planet–disk interaction with such low-mass planets. If forming planetary bodies have undergone collapse and are in the “detached phase,” then they may be directly observable with future facilities such as the Mid-Infrared E-ELT Imager and Spectrograph at the E-ELT.
Constraints on the Optical Depth of Galaxy Groups and Clusters
Authors: Flender Samuel , Nagai Daisuke , McDonald Michael 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Future data from galaxy redshift surveys, combined with high-resolutions maps of the cosmic microwave background, will enable measurements of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) signal with unprecedented statistical significance. This signal probes the matter-velocity correlation function, scaled by the average optical depth (τ) of the galaxy groups and clusters in the sample, and is thus of fundamental importance for cosmology. However, in order to translate pairwise kSZ measurements into cosmological constraints, external constraints on τ are necessary. In this work, we present a new model for the intracluster medium, which takes into account star formation, feedback, non-thermal pressure, and gas cooling. Our semi-analytic model is computationally efficient and can reproduce results of recent hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster formation. We calibrate the free parameters in the model using recent X-ray measurements of gas density profiles of clusters, and gas masses of groups and clusters. Our observationally calibrated model predicts the average

(i.e., the integrated τ within a disk of size R
500) to better than 6% modeling uncertainty (at 95% confidence level). If the remaining uncertainties associated with other astrophysical uncertainties and X-ray selection effects can be better understood, our model for the optical depth should break the degeneracy between optical depth and cluster velocity in the analysis of future pairwise kSZ measurements and improve cosmological constraints with the combination of upcoming galaxy and CMB surveys, including the nature of dark energy, modified gravity, and neutrino mass.
The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). VIII. The Influence of the Cluster Properties on Hα Emitter Galaxies at 0.3 < z < 0.7
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Treu Tommaso , Nipoti Carlo , Schmidt Kasper B. , Dressler Alan , Morshita Takahiro , Poggianti Bianca M. , Malkan Matthew , Hoag Austin , Bradač Marusa , Abramson Louis , Trenti Michele , Pentericci Laura , Linden Anja von der , Morris Glenn , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Exploiting the data of the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS), we characterize the spatial distribution of star formation in 76 highly active star-forming galaxies in 10 clusters at

. All of these galaxies are likely restricted to first infall. In a companion paper, we contrast the properties of field and cluster galaxies, whereas here we correlate the properties of Hα emitters to a number of tracers of the cluster environment to investigate its role in driving galaxy transformations. Hα emitters are found in the clusters out to 0.5 virial radii, the maximum radius covered by GLASS. The peak of the Hα emission is offset with respect to the peak of the UV continuum. We decompose these offsets into a radial and a tangential component. The radial component points away from the cluster center in 60% of the cases, with 95% confidence. The decompositions agree with cosmological simulations; that is, the Hα emission offset correlates with galaxy velocity and ram-pressure stripping signatures. Trends between Hα emitter properties and surface mass density distributions and X-ray emissions emerge only for unrelaxed clusters. The lack of strong correlations with the global environment does not allow us to identify a unique environmental effect originating from the cluster center. In contrast, correlations between Hα morphology and local number density emerge. We conclude that local effects, uncorrelated to the cluster-centric radius, play a more important role in shaping galaxy properties.
Comment l’Union européenne fabrique (ou pas) sa propre légitimité
Authors: Dupuy Claire , Van Ingelgom Virginie 
Published: March 2017

Cet article s’inscrit dans la longue lignée des travaux qui s’intéressent à la légitimité de l’Union européenne, mais le fait à partir d’une approche centrée sur les politiques publiques : les politiques européennes contribuent-elles à légitimer l’UE aux yeux des citoyens ? Il suggère que les caractéristiques des politiques européennes permettent d’éclairer l’existence même d’effets de légitimation de l’UE aux yeux des citoyens ainsi que la nature de cet effet, définie en termes de légitimation ou de délégitimation de l’UE. Les résultats nous amènent également à insister sur la non-systématicité de ces effets-retours. L’article repose sur la comparaison des politiques sociales, environnementales et agricoles dans cinq pays de l’UE : l’Allemagne, l’Espagne, la France, l’Italie et les Pays-Bas.
Afectividad normativa como fundamento de la autoridad doméstica en la sociedad digital
Authors: Núñez Ladevéze Luis , Núñez Canal Margarita , Irisarri Núñez José Antonio 
Published: March 2017

Estudiamos desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar si la incorporación de internet al hogar se manifiesta como motivo de deterioro de la patria potestad. Método. Tras cotejar fuentes teóricas y legales con el análisis hermenéutico de cinco paneles de discusión entre especialistas en mediación familiar y educomunicación, encontramos que el factor “afectividad” es específicamente relevante para contrastar la hipótesis. Resultados. La autoridad familiar es un proceso moral que transforma la plena sujeción a la potestad de los padres en una comunidad de normas generadas por el mutuo afecto. Si las normas generadas durante la convivencia afianzan la afectividad transforman paulatinamente la potestad original en autoridad moral. Conclusiones: La autoridad arraiga si la conducta de los progenitores merece confianza por su ejemplaridad y es congruente con las normas generadas por el proceso de relación afectiva. La diferencia de competencia digital puede ser un factor condicionante del proceso, pero no es determinante.
Vegetation dynamics and climate seasonality jointly control the interannual catchment water balance in the Loess Plateau under the Budyko framework
Authors: Ning Tingting , Li Zhi , Liu Wenzhao 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Within the Budyko framework, the controlling parameter (ω in the Fu equation) is widely considered to represent landscape conditions in terms of vegetation coverage (M); however, some qualitative studies have concluded that climate seasonality (S) should be incorporated in ω. Here, we discuss the relationship between ω, M, and S, and further develop an empirical equation so that the contributions from M to actual annual evapotranspiration (ET) can be determined more accurately. Taking 13 catchments in the Loess Plateau as examples, ω was found to be well correlated with M and S. The developed empirical formula for ω calculations at the annual scale performed well for estimating ET by the cross-validation approach. By combining the Budyko framework with the semi-empirical formula, the contributions of changes in ω to ET variations were further decomposed as those of M and S. Results showed that the contributions of S to ET changes ranged from 0.1 to 74.8 % (absolute values). Therefore, the impacts of climate seasonality on ET cannot be ignored, otherwise the contribution of M to ET changes will be estimated with a large error. The developed empirical formula between ω, M, and S provides an effective method to separate the contributions of M and S to ET changes.
An Atypical Case of Leishmaniasis Associated with Chronic Duodenitis in a Dog
Authors: Ayala Ignacio , Bernal Luis Jesus , Garcia-Martinez Juan Diego , Gomez Miguel Angel , Navarro Jose Antonio , Bernabe Antonio 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
We describe an atypical case of duodenal leishmaniasis in a boxer dog presenting with chronic diarrhea and poor general condition. Antidiarrheic therapy was previously administered without success and inflammatory bowel disease localized to the small intestine was suspected, given the chronic clinical signs and by ruling out other known causes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Endoscopic biopsy of duodenum showed a moderate increase in lamina propria lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Basophilic bodies were seen in the cytoplasm of numerous macrophages, suggestive of Leishmania spp, confirmed by immunostaining, and a diagnosis of granulomatous duodenitis associated to Leishmania infection was made. After 7 mo of therapy, a significant clinical improvement and weight gain were observed, and endoscopic histology showed no evidence of Leishmania. A progressive decline of anti-leishmanial antibody titer was also observed during follow-up. This report emphasizes the importance of atypical symptoms and the unusual location of visceral leishmaniasis, suggesting the need to consider leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis of canine chronic enteritis, especially in endemic areas.
Evaluation of the Safety of Early Compared to Late Enteral Nutrition in Canine Septic Peritonitis
Authors: Hoffberg Jamie Elizabeth , Koenigshof Amy 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Septic peritonitis is a relatively common condition in the veterinary intensive care unit, with a classically high mortality rate. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) in critically ill humans can lead to improved outcome. This study was performed to determine the safety of early postoperative feeding in canine septic peritonitis. In this retrospective case series, 56 dogs were identified. Sixteen dogs received EEN, defined as nutrition within 24 hr of surgery; 27 received late enteral nutrition (LEN) defined as nutrition more than 24 hours following surgery; and 13 dogs had no enteral nutrition in hospital (NEN). Signalment, physical examination findings, and occurrence of pre-admission vomiting, regurgitation, and length of anorexia were the same amongst all groups. There was no significant difference in the number of gastrointestinal complications postoperatively between the EEN, LEN, and NEN groups or in the occurrence of vomiting/regurgitation postoperatively compared to preoperatively. There was no difference in the length of hospitalization between any group, although fewer dogs in the NEN group survived compared to the EEN/LEN combined group (46% [6/13] versus 81% [37/40]). This study indicates it is safe to initiate EEN without additional risk of gastrointestinal complications. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefits of EEN in dogs with septic peritonitis.
AWBZ: nieuwe wijn in oude zakken of oude wijn in nieuwe zakken?
Authors: Hoens F.M.H. 
Published: March 2017

AWBZ: nieuwe wijn in oude zakken of oude wijn in nieuwe zakken? HR 1 februari 1991, NJ 1992, 259 vrijwillig uitbetalen revisited
Op 1 januari 2013 is een vermogensinkomensbijtelling ingevoerd in de AWBZ. Hoens gaat in op de vraag of dit gevolgen heeft voor het antwoord op de vraag of (testamentaire) opeisbaarheid van de erfdelen gewenst of nodig is, zodra er sprake is van een (dreiging van een) door de vermogensinkomensbijtelling veroorzaakte vermogensintering. Bij de beantwoording staat de verzorging van de langstlevende voorop. Dat bij dit alles eenvoud het kenmerk van het ware ís, en kán zijn, volgt uit een arrest van de Hoge Raad van 1 februari 1991, NJ 1992, 259.
MULTIPLE CONDENSATIONS FOR A NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION WITH SUB-CRITICAL GROWTH AND CRITICAL BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Wei Juncheng 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe consider the following nonlinear elliptic equations\begin{gather*} \begin{cases} \Delta u+u_{+}^{N/(N-2)}=0\amp\quad\text{in }\sOm, \\ u=\mu\amp\quad\text{on }\partial\sOm\quad(\mu\text{ is an unknown constant}), \\ \dsty\int_{\partial\sOm}\biggl(-\dsty\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}\biggr)=M, \end{cases} \end{gather*}where $u_{+}=\max(u,0)$, $M$ is a prescribed constant, and $\sOm$ is a bounded and smooth domain in $R^N$, $N\geq3$. It is known that for $M=M_{*}^{(N)}$, $\sOm=B_R(0)$, the above problem has a continuum of solutions. The case when $M>M_{*}^{(N)}$ is referred to as supercritical in the literature. We show that for $M$ near $KM_{*}^{(N)}$, $K>1$, there exist solutions with multiple condensations in $\sOm$. These concentration points are non-degenerate critical points of a function related to the Green's function.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35B40; 35B45. Secondary 35J40