bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK national survey on nuclear medicine in-house clinical software: the calm before the storm
Authors: Murray Anthony W. , Scuffham James W. , Dickson John C. , Memmott Matthew ,   On Behalf of the UK Heads of Nuclear Medicine Physics Group
Published: October 2024

Introduction
The use of in-house developed software as a medical device (IHD-SaMD) is core to many nuclear medicine (NM) services in the UK, including applications in nonimaging studies and image processing. Expected regulatory changes in 2025 could have significant implications due to a lack of resources and expertise in the implementation and maintenance of software Quality Management Systems (QMS) and associated standards. This survey investigated the national use of IHD-SaMD and the readiness of services to adapt to the upcoming regulatory changes.

Method
An online survey was used to investigate the current national usage of IHD-SaMD. Representatives of 64 UK NM physics services were invited to participate, with 43 responding.

Results
It was found that 98% of respondents use IHD-SaMD clinically. About 65% use IHD-SaMD that respondents felt was under-supported (e.g. legacy software). Approximately 60% of respondents use or support two or more pieces of IHD-SaMD. Around 66% of respondents use a QMS in their department, with about 48% using a software-specific QMS. Most respondents indicate understaffing, particularly with regard to IT/software skillsets. Almost all respondents indicate without an increase in the preparedness and understanding of the requirements, all dependent clinical services would be severely impacted or indeed stopped.

Conclusion
This national survey shows that pending regulatory changes could significantly impact NM services, up to and including stopping clinical services. Additional resources would be required to support in-house software management under an appropriate QMS or move to European conformity marking (CE)-marked software where available. This must be urgently considered and addressed by all NM stakeholders.
Association of eczema with risk of pan-cancers: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Xixi , He Xinyu , Liu Xiaoxiao , Geng Shangyi , Wang Yuchen , Dang Yongze , Zhang Ruijuan , Huang Xinran , Guo Wei , Ma Hongbing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Both eczema and tumor are associated with immune disorders. Although several investigations have observed the relationship between eczema and certain cancers, evidence for causality is lacking.

Methods
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine and explore the genetic association between eczema and pan-cancers. Upon satisfying the three core assumptions of MR, we analyzed the causality between eczema and 15 site-specific cancers utilizing an inverse variance weighted method. We verified the results through a series of sensitivity and reverse direction analyses. The exposure and outcome datasets were substituted from the FinnGen and genome-wide association studies catalog databases. A meta-analysis on primary and validation analyses was performed to combine the estimates of MR study.

Results
Based on the MR analysis results, eczema was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0427, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0082–1.0783, P = 0.0148) and brain cancer (OR = 1.0285, 95% CI = 1.0120–1.0452, P = 0.0007) and decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.9324, 95% CI = 0.8774–0.9909, P = 0.0242) and malignant neoplasm of the kidney (OR = 0.9323, 95% CI = 0.8834–0.9839, P = 0.0108). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable and reliable, and the reverse MR analyses demonstrated no causation between the cancers of interest and eczema.

Conclusions
Our results identified eczema as a genetic risk factor for lung and brain cancer and a protective factor for colorectal cancer and malignant neoplasm of the kidney. No connection was observed between eczema and other cancers. Further evidence from epidemiological and mechanistic studies is needed to elucidate these findings in detail.
Proposed Framework for Adopting Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage for Public Health Action
Authors: Pathak Aditi , Serrer Laina , Bhalla Meera , King Raymond , Mirel Lisa B. , Srinivasan Arunkumar , Baier Patrick , Zapata Daniela , David-Ferdon Corinne , Luxenberg Steven , Gundlapalli Adi V. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
To propose a framework for adoption of privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) for public health applications.

Methods
Twelve interviews with subject matter experts (SMEs) were conducted virtually and coded using an inductive approach. A collaborative session was conducted with SMEs to identify key steps in the PPRL project lifecycle which informed development of a PPRL implementation checklist.

Results
This framework has 2 decision-making levels: the organization level and the project or program level. Organization-level considerations include PPRL governance, the optimal choice among approved PPRL solutions, the need for longitudinal linkages, the potential issue of vendor lock-in, and costs. Program-level considerations include characteristics of the PPRL use case, linkage quality and accuracy, data privacy and use, security thresholds, compatibility with data owners’ data architecture, and trade-offs between open-source and commercial PPRL solutions. A PPRL implementation checklist was developed to guide public health practitioners considering PPRL for data linkage.

Conclusions
The framework may be considered by public health entities to guide adoption and implementation of PPRL in public health research and surveillance. Public health experts may refer to this framework and the PPRL implementation checklist when determining the appropriateness of PPRL for specific use cases and implementation planning.
The Use of the CDC Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant to Address Social Determinants of Health to Advance Health Equity
Authors: Frazier Cassandra M. , Mumford Karen , McMillan Hannah , Carlin Maggie , Peterman Emily , Lindan Krysia 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
State public health departments use federal funding to examine and address social determinants of health (SDOH) within their communities to improve health and advance health equity. Yet, most federal funding is categorical (ie, funding used for a specific program or narrow purpose), which can create barriers to addressing social and structural drivers of inequity. The Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant (PHHS Block Grant) is a flexible funding mechanism that provides health departments the latitude to identify and fund initiatives that address local public health needs. It is unclear, however, to what extent health departments use this flexible resource to incorporate SDOH into their programs.

Design:
Cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of state health department PHHS Block Grant program administrative data.

Setting:
This study examined PHHS Block Grant budgets and workplans for the federal Fiscal Year 2021 to assess whether state health departments aligned their grant-funded program with the national objectives associated with the Healthy People 2030 SDOH Framework.

Participants:
Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia were included in this study.

Main Outcome Measures:
Percent of states that used PHHS Block Grant funds to address SDOH; proportion of funding allocated to address SDOH; percentage of programs that addressed SDOH.

Results:
Three-fourths (75%) of states allocated funds to 97 programs aligning with at least 1 Healthy People 2030 SDOH-related objective. Fifty of the programs were fully or primarily funded by the PHHS Block Grant. Results also show that as the states’ PHHS Block Grant funding level increased so did the percent of states that allocated funding toward SDOH programs.

Conclusion:
This study shows that state health departments are using the PHHS Block Grant to address SDOH, and that the grant plays an important funding role for these programs. States are incorporating the grant into their funding strategies to address SDOH.
Differences in Emotion Expression, Suppression, and Cardiovascular Consequences Between Black and White Americans in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study
Authors: Finley Anna J. , Baldwin Cassandra L. , Hebbring Tia M. , van Reekum Carien M. , Thayer Julian F. , Davidson Richard J. , Schaefer Stacey M. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Recent theoretical work suggests that the expression of emotions may differ among Black and White Americans, such that Black Americans engage more frequently in expressive suppression to regulate emotions and avoid conflict. Prior work has linked expressive suppression usage with increases in cardiovascular disease risk, suggesting that racialized differences in expressive suppression usage may be one mechanism by which racism “gets under the skin” and creates health disparities.

Method
To examine racialized differences in expressive suppression and blood pressure (a measure of cardiovascular disease risk), we used self-report and facial electromyography (fEMG) data from two cohorts of Black and White Americans from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) longitudinal study (MIDUS 2, n = 271, 34.7% Black, collected from 2004 to 2009; MIDUS Refresher 1, n = 114, 31.6% Black, collected from 2012 to 2016; total N = 385, 33.9% Black).

Results
Black Americans reported engaging in expressive suppression more frequently than White Americans (t(260.95) = 2.18, p = .002) and showed less corrugator fEMG activity during negative images (t(969) = 2.38, p
FDR = .026). Less corrugator activity during negative images was associated with higher systolic blood pressure only for Black Americans (b = −4.63, t(375) = 2.67, p = .008).

Conclusion
Overall, results are consistent with theoretical accounts that Black Americans engage more frequently in expressive suppression, which in turn is related to higher cardiovascular risk. Additional research is needed to further test this claim, particularly in real-world contexts and self-reports of in-the-moment usage of expressive suppression.
A Remote Behaviorally Designed Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gillcrist Rachel L. , Doherty Caleigh R. , Olave Marianna , Bonilla Juliana , England Bryant R. , Wysham Katherine , Quinones Mercedes , Scanzello Carla R. , Ogdie Alexis , White Daniel K. , Neogi Tuhina , Baker Joshua F. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
We evaluated a behaviorally designed intervention utilizing gamification and social support to improve physical activity and reduce symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA).

Methods
Veterans with KOA, aged 40–80 years, were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Participants received a Fitbit and completed a 2- to 4-week baseline period. A Web-based platform administered biweekly surveys after randomization and tracked physical activity. Participants selected a daily step goal that was 33%, 40%, or 50% above their baseline. The intervention arm received game playing aspects and a social support partner to advance weekly step performance while the control arm only received weekly updates. The primary outcome was the change in steps per day averaged over 2-week intervals. We used mixed effects regression, adjusting for baseline step count. Secondary outcomes assessed the change in KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) over 32 weeks.

Results
Thirty-one participants were included in the final analysis. Most participants were male (90.3%), Black (70.96%), had a mean (SD) age of 60 (13) years, and body mass index of 33.7 (5.9) kg/m2. Participants that received the intervention walked a total of 1119 (95% confidence interval: −562, 2799) more steps per day (p = 0.19). The effect was greatest in the first 6 months (1491 [−272, 3254], p = 0.10). Compared with controls, those that received the intervention had improvement over time in total KOOS (mean 2-week change +0.62 [0.031, 1.20] vs −0.38 [−1.04, 0.28], p = 0.02) and several subscales.

Conclusions
This intervention demonstrated promise for promoting greater physical activity and improving symptoms in patients with KOA.
Angled Screws With Locking Plates—An Alternative Fixation for Minimally Invasive Mandibular Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Paggi Claus Jonathas Daniel , Almeida Matheus Spinella , Correia Lopes Hugo José , Bustos Aguilera Luis Manuel , Soto Jorge 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term behavior of angled screws with locking plates after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy using the anterior oblique technique within the concept of minimally invasive orthognathic surgery (MIOS).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients who underwent bimaxillary surgery with mandibular advancement were included in this preliminary and retrospective study. All patients underwent computed tomography preoperatively and 1 day postoperatively. The incidence of neurosensory dysfunction, clinical evaluation of the occlusion and temporomandibular joint, and overall complications were recorded during a minimum follow-up of 4 months.

Results:
The mean extent of sagittal mandibular advancement movements was 7.2 mm (2.5–13.2 mm). All patients had stable occlusion without evidence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. None of the patients presented with dysaesthesia, hyperaesthesia, or anesthesia after four months of follow-up.

Conclusion:
The overall results of this study are very satisfactory with no major or minor complications. The new design of mandibular plates with locking screws can be an alternative in all orthognathic surgeries, but especially interesting for minimally invasive approaches where stronger fixation is needed. Long-term studies are needed to draw further conclusions.
ChatGPT Assisting Diagnosis of Neuro-Ophthalmology Diseases Based on Case Reports
Authors: Madadi Yeganeh , Delsoz Mohammad , Lao Priscilla A. , Fong Joseph W. , Hollingsworth T. J. , Kahook Malik Y. , Yousefi Siamak 
Published: October 2024

Background:
To evaluate the accuracy of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a large language model (LLM), to assist in diagnosing neuro-ophthalmic diseases based on case reports.

Methods:
We selected 22 different case reports of neuro-ophthalmic diseases from a publicly available online database. These cases included a wide range of chronic and acute diseases commonly seen by neuro-ophthalmic subspecialists. We inserted each case as a new prompt into ChatGPTs (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) and asked for the most probable diagnosis. We then presented the exact information to 2 neuro-ophthalmologists and recorded their diagnoses, followed by comparing responses from both versions of ChatGPT.

Results:
GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 and the 2 neuro-ophthalmologists were correct in 13 (59%), 18 (82%), 19 (86%), and 19 (86%) out of 22 cases, respectively. The agreements between the various diagnostic sources were as follows: GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, 13 (59%); GPT-3.5 and the first neuro-ophthalmologist, 12 (55%); GPT-3.5 and the second neuro-ophthalmologist, 12 (55%); GPT-4 and the first neuro-ophthalmologist, 17 (77%); GPT-4 and the second neuro-ophthalmologist, 16 (73%); and first and second neuro-ophthalmologists 17 (77%).

Conclusions:
The accuracy of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in diagnosing patients with neuro-ophthalmic diseases was 59% and 82%, respectively. With further development, GPT-4 may have the potential to be used in clinical care settings to assist clinicians in providing quick, accurate diagnoses of patients in neuro-ophthalmology. The applicability of using LLMs like ChatGPT in clinical settings that lack access to subspeciality trained neuro-ophthalmologists deserves further research.
How Well Are Surgical Quality Improvement Projects Planned? Review of 242 Surgical Improvement Efforts Across 5 American College of Surgeons Quality Programs
Authors: Shah Tejen A , Peters Xane D , Waddle Shelbie D , Reilly Eileen , Valek Sarah F , Modla Lynn , Pollitt Karen , Ko Clifford Y 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Structured preparation is necessary to conduct quality improvement (QI) strategies that are relevant to the problem, feasible, appropriately resourced, and potentially effective. Recent work suggests that improvement efforts are suboptimally conducted. Our goal was to determine how well preparation for surgical QI is undertaken, including detailing the problem, setting project goals, and planning an intervention.

STUDY DESIGN:
This retrospective cross-sectional study included QI efforts submitted in 2019 to the American College of Surgeons (ACS) during review for accreditation across 5 ACS Quality Programs: Children’s Surgery Verification, the Commission on Cancer, the MBSAQIP, the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers, and the Trauma Verification Program. Projects were scored for alignment with three components of the preconduct phase of the ACS Quality Framework: problem detailing, goal specification, and strategic planning.

Results:
A total of 242 projects satisfied inclusion criteria and were scored. Most projects in the final cohort were from MBSAQIP (36%), Commission on Cancer (31%), or National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers (29%) programs. The average overall preconduct score was 52% (SD 17). On average, projects performed best in the “goal specification” component (65%, SD 27), followed by “problem detailing” (52%, SD 16), and “strategic planning” (44%, SD 25). Within these components, identification of possible limitations (5%) and consideration of contextual issues (12%) were among the least frequently reported items.

CONCLUSIONS:
Thorough planning is a critical component of effective QI, and our study reflects significant opportunity for its improvement. The ACS Quality Framework may serve as a guide to improve QI planning, thereby promoting efficiency and effectiveness of these efforts.
Post-operative pain management in a surgical unit in a tertiary hospital in Spain: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Collada-Fernández Laura , Tapiador-Gómez Gemma , García-Tomé Leonor , Pardo-Mora M Consuelo , Díaz-Rodríguez M Rosario , Prado-Rodríguez Barbero Montserrat , Cañizares-Rabadán Marcelina , Albornos-Muñoz Laura 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
More than 80% of patients experience post-surgical pain. Poor pain control decreases patients’ quality of life; increases associated comorbidity, hospital length of stay and hospital costs; and delays functional recovery. Implementing evidence-based recommendations improves these negative factors as well as the patient's quality of life.

Objectives:
This evidence implementation project aimed to improve post-operative pain management by implementing best practice recommendations.

Methods:
This project used the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework, which is grounded in an audit and feedback process. The project was conducted in the surgical unit of a tertiary hospital in Ciudad Real, Spain. We performed a baseline audit and two follow-up audits to measure audit criteria derived from a JBI evidence summary on pain management. A total of 30 surgical patients took part. We assessed the results of the baseline audit, identified the barriers to best practice, and implemented strategies to improve post-operative pain management.

Results:
The first follow-up audit revealed an improvement in practice; however, these results worsened due to the delay in protocol approval and subsequent lack of staff motivation. The second follow-up audit showed greater compliance with best practices, although considerable room for improvement remains.

Conclusions:
Implementing evidence-based practices in health care improved nurses’ clinical practice. The health care staff complied with the recommendations more readily since they associated the best practices with a clear benefit for the patient.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A276
Genome description of a potentially new species of Streptomyces isolated from the Indian Sundarbans mangrove
Authors: Ghosh Anwesha , Bhambra Simran Kaur , Chandrasekaran Raghu , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: October 2024

A potentially new species of Streptomyces was isolated from station 177 of the Sundarbans Seasonal Time Series in Indian Sundarbans mangrove. The isolate was cultured from sediment sample on TYS medium of salinity 15. Sequencing and annotation of the 16S rRNA showed 100% identity against S. laurentii NPS17 against GenBank/ENA/DDBJ. Annotation of the whole genome against GTDB database showed closest identity with S. terrae SKN60 and belong to the same clade as S. roseicoloratus TRM44457T and S. laurentii ATCC 31255. The genome is about 7.2 Mb and has a G+C % of 73%. The average amino acid identity (AAI) was 85.01% with S. roseicoloratus and 80.34% with S. roseolus. Genome assembly of S. sp. SBR177 reflected the presence of all essential genes including those of housekeeping and secondary metabolite production.
Association between physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in women with novel risk factors: evidence from the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Ataei Zhaleh , Wright Leah , Ruiz-Carmona Sergio , Howden Erin J 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious evidence demonstrates an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with early menopause and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes. It also suggests an inverse association between physical activity and risk of incident CVD. However, this association in women with novel risk factors have not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to address this hypothesis.MethodsWe explored the data of 253,300 women without a history of CVD or life limiting conditions from the UK Biobank cohort, we further stratified women with a history of early menopause and/or complicated pregnancy to investigate how the risks affect indent CVD in women. We defined early menopause as any history of natural or surgical (bilateral oophorectomy) menopause < 47 years and adverse pregnancy outcomes as a history of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, stillbirth or ≥ two miscarriages. We then classified women into three categories of physical activity based on their responses to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Women with a total MET-min/week of ≥ 3000, ≥ 600 and < 600 were categorised into high, moderate, and low levels of physical activity, respectively. We also assessed the dose-response interaction between physical activity and risk of incident CVD (heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke) in our population and adjusted all the models for potential CVD risk factors.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 13 years, we found a significant increased risk of incident HF, arrhythmia and CHD in women with early menopause/complicated pregnancy, compared to women without these risk factors. Higher levels of physical activity reduced the risk of incident HF (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 0.97) and arrhythmia (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75 0.94), compared to a low levels. Moreover, a moderate level of physical activity attenuated the risk of incident arrhythmia (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74 0.92). However, no significant associations were found between physical activity risk of incident stroke or CHD.ConclusionOur study indicates that higher levels of PA significantly attenuate the risk of HF and arrhythmia in women with novel risk factors and should be recommended to women to reduce their increased risk of CVD.