bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous silica impregnated with organoamines for post‐combustion CO2 capture: a comparison of introduced amine types
Authors: Chen Chao , Bhattacharjee Samiran 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPolyethylenimine (PEI) with different molecular weight such as 275, 800, 1800, and 25000, together with tetraethylenpentamine (TEPA) were impregnated into a mesoporous silica support (silica gel) using a wet impregnation method. These resultant solid amine sorbents with different amine types were compared in terms of CO2 sorption kinetics and capacity at different temperatures, sorbent regeneration, and cyclic sorption‐desorption performance, to study the effect of introduced amine types on the CO2 capture performance. In the studied temperature range of 35–95°C for CO2 sorption, samples with different amine types perform differently in CO2 sorption kinetics and capacity. The largest CO2 capture capacity for different solid amine samples appears at different temperatures, and there is evident difference on CO2 capture capacity of different samples. In particular, PEI(25000)/silica gel showed the lowest CO2 capture capacity among all samples. Compared to PEI/silica gel samples, TEPA/silica gel showed a relatively higher CO2 sorption capacity. The regeneration of TEPA/silica gel is more difficult than PEI/silica gel samples, and 100°C was found suitable for complete regeneration of all sorbents. PEI(25000)/silica gel showed good reversibility and stability during 10 cyclic CO2 sorption‐desorption (sorption at 75°C and desorption at 100°C) tests, whereas PEI(275), PEI(800), PEI(1800), and TEPA/silica gel all suffered to various extents from amine leaching problems in cyclic CO2 sorption‐desorption performance under identical conditions. The cyclic CO2 sorption‐desorption performance can be improved by decreasing the desorption temperature to 75°C that leads to slightly loss of CO2 uptake in the second run. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FEASIBILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DYADIC PROLONGED EXPOSURE INTERVENTION FOR PREVENTING POSTTRAUMATIC GRIEF IN YOUNG CHILDREN: A CASE REPORT OF TWO SIBLINGS
Authors: Rachamim Lilach 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis article highlights the feasibility of a dyadic prolonged exposure (DPE) intervention (L. Rachamim, I. Mirochnik, L. Helpman, N. Nacasch, & E. Yadin, ) in a 3‐year‐old preschooler and in a 6‐year‐old kindergartener immediately following the traumatic death of their younger sibling. It presents a detailed case description of the DPE treatment addressing traumatic grief and includes transcribed treatment dialogue. At the time of treatment termination, both children and caregivers resumed normal functioning. The results suggest that DPE intervention may ameliorate posttraumatic grief symptoms in young children. Controlled studies of preventive interventions for this population are clearly warranted.
Analysis of low molecular weight compounds using MALDI‐ and LDI‐TOF‐MS: Direct detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients in different formulations
Authors: Bronzel João L. , Milagre Cintia D.F. , Milagre Humberto M.S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) is a high throughput, easy to use analytical technique. The simple sample preparation of this technique and its tolerance to the presence of contaminants are among its advantages. In contrast, depending on the matrix used, MALDI can ionize and generates ions in the low m/z range that complicate the interpretation of the spectra of low molecular weight compounds. To address this issue, one can envisage the use of tunable ionic matrices that can reduce the low m/z interferents. In this work, the ionic matrices triethylammonium α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate and diisopropylammonium α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate were used to directly analyze 14 pharmaceutical drugs in different formulations (coated tablets, noncoated tablets, capsules, and solutions). This methodology enabled the detection of their active compounds with minimum sample preparation, thus providing a straightforward approach for the forensic analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in the quest for detecting counterfeits. LDI‐MS experiments were also performed, and the active ingredient in all of the medicines analyzed were detected. However, MALDI‐MS spectra for the medicines analyzed herein showed less or no fragmentation than LDI‐MS, which makes the analysis easier.
Impact of source pocket doping on RF and linearity performance of a cylindrical gate tunnel FET
Authors: Dash Sidhartha , Lenka Annada Shankar , Jena Biswajit , Mishra Guru Prasad 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe paper presents a cylindrical gate tunnel (CGT) field effect transistors (FETs) with a highly doped pocket layer introduced in the source region. The presence of pocket doped layer in the source provides higher lateral electric field and band‐to‐band tunneling (BTBT) generation rate in the vicinity of tunneling junction which in turn increases the drain current and transconductance significantly. Also, the linearity and radio frequency (RF) performance of the CGT FET with source pocket doping (CGTS) have been extensively investigated. The different linearity and RF figure of merits such as gmn, VIP2, VIP3, IIP3, ZCP, 1‐dB compression point, GBWP, TFP, unity gain cut‐off frequency, and maximum oscillation frequency of the present device are extracted and compared with the results of conventional CGT. The results exhibit superior linearity and RF performance along with improved current carrying capability of the proposed device. Thus, the device can be one of the possible contenders to replace bulk MOSFET in high‐frequency microwave applications. The accuracy of both the devices is validated by TCAD Sentaurus simulator.
Using risk analysis to guide changes to compounding formulae
Authors: del Rio Luis A. , Trives Carmen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract“Frame formulations” are a framework for extemporaneously preparing pharmaceutical products. Alterations to the frameworks are allowed, e.g. by changing the quantity of active ingredients or by changing the percentage of excipients, as long as the variations do not affect the level of risk associated with the final product or their efficacy. Here we detail a method of analysing the risk of changes to frame formulations by assigning a risk priority number to the changes using Failure Modes Effects Analysis. The risk priority number estimates the severity and probability that changes to the formulation would have.
Inconsistency for the niche breadth invasion success hypothesis in aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Pettitt‐Wade Harri , Wellband Kyle W. , Fisk Aaron T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractComparison of highly successful and less successful invasive species can highlight traits that are associated with invasion success, and indicate the associated risk of further establishment or invasion from novel species. We compared variation in δ13C and δ15N, or isotopic niche, in the tissues of matched pairs of highly successful and less successful (respectively) freshwater and marine aquatic invasive species: violet tunicate Botrylloides violaceus and golden star tunicate Botryllus schlosseri from the northwest Atlantic coast; spiny waterflea Bythotrephes longimanus and fishhook waterflea Cercopagis pengoi from the Great Lakes basin; and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica from the northeast Pacific coast. Individual (δ13C and δ15N) and population (Bayesian ellipses of δ13C and δ15N) level comparisons of isotopic niche revealed, in most cases, greater niche breadth in the more successful species of tunicate but the less successful species of waterflea and oyster. Comparison with the literature suggested that a broad dietary niche is less crucial for widespread distribution of aquatic invasive invertebrates than it is for vertebrates (i.e., fishes). Inconsistency in the association between isotopic niche breadth and invasion success could be due to a greater influence of habitat suitability on variation in invertebrate diets. These findings challenge the common assumption that a broader niche promotes invasion success, and thus, have implications for invasive species risk assessment, management, and our understanding of species spread and distribution.
Responses of carbonate system and CO2 flux to extended drought and intense flooding in a semiarid subtropical estuary
Authors: Yao Hongming , Hu Xinping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGlobally, estuaries are considered important CO2 sources to the atmosphere. However, estuarine water carbonate chemistry and CO2 flux studies have focused on temperate and high latitude regions, leaving a significant data gap in subtropical estuaries. In this study, we examined water column carbonate system and air–water CO2 flux in the Mission‐Aransas Estuary, a subtropical semiarid estuary in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, by collecting samples at five System Wide Monitoring Program stations from 05/2014 to 04/2015. The carbonate system parameters (total alkalinity [TA], dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC], pH, CO2 partial pressure [pCO2], and carbonate saturation state with respect to aragonite [ΩAr]) and air–water CO2 flux all displayed substantial seasonal and spatial variations. Based on freshwater inflow conditions, a drought period occurred between 05/2014 and 02/2015, while a flooding period occurred from 03/2015 to 04/2015. Average DIC was 2194.7 ± 156.8 μmol kg−1 and 2132.5 ± 256.8 μmol kg−1, TA was 2497.6 ± 172.1 μmol·kg−1 and 2333.4 ± 283.1 μmol kg−1, pCO2 was 477 ± 94 μatm and 529 ± 251 μatm, and CO2 flux was 28.3 ± 18.0 mmol C·m−2·d−1 and 51.6 ± 83.9 mmol·C·m−2·d−1 in the drought and flooding period, respectively. Integrated annual air–water CO2 flux during our studied period was estimated to be 12.4 ± 3.3 mol·C·m−2·yr−1, indicating that this estuary was a net CO2 source. High wind speed, warm climate, riverine input, and estuarine biogeochemical processes all contributed to the high CO2 efflux despite the modest pCO2 levels year round.
Assessing the need for arthritis training among paid carers in UK residential care homes: A focus group and interview study
Authors: Whybrow Paul , Moffatt Suzanne , Kay Lesley , Thompson Ben , Aspray Terry , Duncan Rachel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to perform an educational and training needs assessment for arthritis care in residential homes.MethodsQualitative data were collected from three purposively selected residential homes: one independent, one in a regional chain and one in a national chain. Three researcher‐led focus groups were conducted with paid carers (N = 22) using vignette exercises; interviews were undertaken with 12 residents with joint pain (N = 12), five managerial staff and two general practitioners (GPs). Data were compared and analysed thematically around care practices, communication and training.ResultsThere is a lack of arthritis awareness among paid carers, although they regularly identify and manage arthritic symptoms. Residents rely on paid carers to recognize when pain and mobility problems are treatable. Senior staff and GPs rely on carers to identify arthritic problems. However, paid carers themselves undervalued the health significance of their activities and lacked the confidence to communicate important information to healthcare professionals. Few of the paid carers had received training in arthritis and many expressed a strong desire to learn about it, to improve their ability to provide better care.ConclusionsEducation for paid carers regarding arthritis is lacking and lags behind education about conditions such as dementia and diabetes. To meet the expectations of their care roles fully, paid carers require an awareness of what arthritis is and how to recognize symptoms. We suggest that training should be aimed at improving confidence in communicating with colleagues, residents and health professionals, with senior care staff receiving more in‐depth training.
Characterizing hypoxia in human glioma: A simultaneous multimodal MRI and PET study
Authors: Preibisch Christine , Shi Kuangyu , Kluge Anne , Lukas Mathias , Wiestler Benedikt , Göttler Jens , Gempt Jens , Ringel Florian , Al Jaberi Mohamed , Schlegel Jürgen , Meyer Bernhard , Zimmer Claus , Pyka Thomas , Förster Stefan 
Published: August 2017

Hypoxia plays an important role for the prognosis and therapy response of cancer. Thus, hypoxia imaging would be a valuable tool for pre‐therapeutic assessment of tumor malignancy. However, there is no standard validated technique for clinical application available yet. Therefore, we performed a study in 12 patients with high‐grade glioma, where we directly compared the two currently most promising techniques, namely the MR‐based relative oxygen extraction fraction (MR‐rOEF) and the PET hypoxia marker H‐1‐(3‐[18F]‐fluoro‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐2‐nitroimidazole ([18F]‐FMISO). MR‐rOEF was determined from separate measurements of T2, T2* and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) employing a multi‐parametric approach for quantification of the blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) effect. With respect to [18F]‐FMISO‐PET, besides the commonly used late uptake between 120 and 130 min ([18F]‐FMISO120–130 min), we also analyzed the hypoxia specific uptake rate [18F]‐FMISO‐k3, as obtained by pharmacokinetic modeling of dynamic uptake data. Since pharmacokinetic modeling of partially acquired dynamic [18F]‐FMISO data was sensitive to a low signal‐to‐noise‐ratio, analysis was restricted to high‐uptake tumor regions. Individual spatial analyses of deoxygenation and hypoxia‐related parameter maps revealed that high MR‐rOEF values clustered in (edematous) peritumoral tissue, while areas with high [18F]‐FMISO120–130 min concentrated in and around active tumor with disrupted blood–brain barrier, i.e. contrast enhancement in T1‐weighted MRI. Volume‐of‐interest‐based correlations between MR‐rOEF and [18F]‐FMISO120–130 min as well as [18F]‐FMISO‐k3, and voxel‐wise analyses in individual patients, yielded limited correlations, supporting the notion that [18F]‐FMISO uptake, even after 2 h, might still be influenced by perfusion while [18F]‐FMISO‐k3 was severely hampered by noise. According to these results, vascular deoxygenation, as measured by MR‐rOEF, and severe tissue hypoxia, as measured by [18F]‐FMISO, show a poor spatial correspondence. Overall, the two methods appear to rather provide complementary than redundant information about high‐grade glioma biology.
Exploring excited‐state proton transfer mechanism for 9,10‐dihydroxybenzo[h]quinolone
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Wu Jingyuan , Dong Hao , Jia Min , Song Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, we mainly focus on the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism of a new molecule 9,10‐dihydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (9‐10‐HBQ). Within the framework of density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods, we have theoretically investigated its excited‐state dynamical process and our theoretical results successfully reappeared previous experimental electronic spectra. The ultrafast excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer process occurs in the first excited state (S1state) forming 9‐10‐HBQ‐PT1 structure without potential energy barrier along with hydrogen bond (O3–H4···N5). Then the second proton may transfer via another intramolecular hydrogen bonded wire (O1–H2···N3) with a moderate potential energy barrier (about 7.69 kcal/mol) in the S1state forming 9‐10‐HBQ‐PT2 configuration. After completing excited‐state dynamical process, the molecule on the first excited electronic state would come back to the ground state. We not only clarify the excited‐state dynamical process for 9‐10‐HBQ but also put forward new predictions and successfully explain previous experimental results.
The reversible P2Y12 antagonist ACT‐246475 causes significantly less blood loss than ticagrelor at equivalent antithrombotic efficacy in rat
Authors: Rey Markus , Kramberg Markus , Hess Patrick , Morrison Keith , Ernst Roland , Haag Franck , Weber Edgar , Clozel Martine , Baumann Martine , Caroff Eva , Hubler Francis , Riederer Markus A. , Steiner Beat 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe P2Y12 receptor is a validated target for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare two direct‐acting, reversible P2Y12 antagonists, ACT‐246475 and ticagrelor, in a rat thrombosis model by simultaneous quantification of their antithrombotic efficacy and surgery‐induced blood loss. Blood flow velocity was assessed in the carotid artery after FeCl3‐induced thrombus formation using a Doppler flow probe. At the same time, blood loss after surgical wounding of the spleen was quantified. Continuous infusions of ACT‐246475 and ticagrelor prevented the injury‐induced reduction of blood flow in a dose‐dependent manner. High doses of both antagonists normalized blood flow and completely abolished thrombus formation as confirmed by histology. Intermediate doses restored baseline blood flow to ≥65%. However, ACT‐246475 caused significantly less increase of blood loss than ticagrelor; the difference in blood loss was 2.6‐fold (P < 0.01) at high doses and 2.7‐fold (P < 0.05) at intermediate doses. Potential reasons for this unexpected difference were explored by measuring the effects of ACT‐246475 and ticagrelor on vascular tone. At concentrations needed to achieve maximal antithrombotic efficacy, ticagrelor compared with ACT‐246475 significantly increased carotid blood flow velocity in vivo (P = 0.003), induced vasorelaxation of precontracted rat femoral arteries, and inhibited contraction of femoral artery induced by electrical field stimulation or by phenylephrine. Overall, ACT‐246475 showed a significantly wider therapeutic window than ticagrelor. The absence of vasodilatory effects due to high selectivity of ACT‐246475 for P2Y12 provides potential arguments for the observed safety advantage of ACT‐246475 over ticagrelor.
Quantitative characterization of galectin‐3‐C affinity mass spectrometry measurements: Comprehensive data analysis, obstacles, shortcuts and robustness
Authors: Haramija Marko , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna 
Published: August 2017

RationaleAffinity mass spectrometry (AMS) is an emerging tool in the field of the study of protein•carbohydrate complexes. However, experimental obstacles and data analysis are preventing faster integration of AMS methods into the glycoscience field. Here we show how analysis of direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) AMS data can be simplified for screening purposes, even for complex AMS spectra.MethodsA direct ESI‐MS assay was tested in this study and binding data for the galectin‐3C•lactose complex were analyzed using a comprehensive and simplified data analysis approach. In the comprehensive data analysis approach, noise, all protein charge states, alkali ion adducts and signal overlap were taken into account. In a simplified approach, only the intensities of the fully protonated free protein and the protein•carbohydrate complex for the main protein charge state were taken into account.ResultsIn our study, for high intensity signals, noise was negligible, sodiated protein and sodiated complex signals cancelled each other out when calculating the Kd value, and signal overlap influenced the Kd value only to a minor extent. Influence of these parameters on low intensity signals was much higher. However, low intensity protein charge states should be avoided in quantitative AMS analyses due to poor ion statistics.ConclusionsThe results indicate that noise, alkali ion adducts, signal overlap, as well as low intensity protein charge states, can be neglected for preliminary experiments, as well as in screening assays. One comprehensive data analysis performed as a control should be sufficient to validate this hypothesis for other binding systems as well.
Persistence of centrality in random growing trees
Authors: Jog Varun , Loh Po‐Ling 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigate properties of node centrality in random growing tree models. We focus on a measure of centrality that computes the maximum subtree size of the tree rooted at each node, with the most central node being the tree centroid. For random trees grown according to a preferential attachment model, a uniform attachment model, or a diffusion processes over a regular tree, we prove that a single node persists as the tree centroid after a finite number of steps, with probability 1. Furthermore, this persistence property generalizes to the top K ≥ 1 nodes with respect to the same centrality measure. We also establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the size of an initial seed graph required to ensure persistence of a particular node with probability , as a function of ϵ: In the case of preferential and uniform attachment models, we derive bounds for the size of an initial hub constructed around the special node. In the case of a diffusion process over a regular tree, we derive bounds for the radius of an initial ball centered around the special node. Our necessary and sufficient conditions match up to constant factors for preferential attachment and diffusion tree models.
Solutions of an extended KdV equation describing single stationary waves with strong or weak downstream decay in turbulent open‐channel flow
Authors: Müllner Markus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present problem was first studied by Schneider, JFM 726 (2013). An asymptotic analysis was performed for small slope of the plane channel bottom and slightly supercritical, fully‐developed flow far upstream and far downstream. Turbulence modelling can be circumvented. The asymptotic analysis yields an extended Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation for the surface elevation. The stationary leading‐order solutions for weak dissipation have the shape of solitons in inviscid flow. Stationary solitary waves are permitted only if the surface roughness is varied along the bottom. The particular example was examined where the bottom roughness in a region is larger by a constant in comparison with the roughness in fully‐developed flow. This enlargement was considered as an eigenvalue to obtain solitary waves with strongly decaying elevations. In the present paper, the analysis is extended up to the second order to describe how the shape and the structure of the solitary waves is affected by the dissipation terms. In particular, the cases are considered when the enlargement of the bottom roughness differs from the eigenvalue. The surface elevation far downstream is then characterized by a long shallow tail that is tackled by means of matched asymptotic expansions. The required minimum enlargement of the roughness for the existence of solitary waves is given. The asymptotic solutions for the shape of the surface elevation, the height and location of the wave crest, and the eigenvalue are in good agreement with numerical results. The existence and shape of a novel kind of stationary solutions is also shown.