bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Um Diagnóstico da Distribuição Espacial da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Sudeste Brasileiro
Authors: Braga Gustavo Bastos , Marques Marco Aurélio Ferreira , Braga Beatriz Bastos 
Published: March 2016

<p>O Estado como provedor do bem público busca disseminar a saúde entre seus habitantes, sendo que uma das principais formas de realizar isso é por meio da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Esse contexto contribuiu para o escopo deste artigo, cujo objetivo é verificar a distribuição espacial da Atenção Primária à Saúde, no âmbito do sudeste brasileiro. Com uma abordagem teórica, discorreu-se sobre a equidade na gestão da saúde pública e os modelos da administração pública e a relação com a equidade. Para o cumprimento de tal objetivo, utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, por estatística espacial utilizando o I de Moran e o <em>Local Indicators of Spatial Association</em>, e, em complemento, estatística não-paramétrica. Os resultados apontaram para uma inequidade e uma inigualada distribuição da Atenção Primária à Saúde na região. Além de apontar o que oferece indícios de inequidade nos recursos, evidenciando assim que são importantes intervenções e ações proativas na gestão da atenção primária à saúde. </p>
Influência Dietética e Nutricional na Migrânea
Authors: E Silva Lívia Christine Santana , Freitas Betânia de Jesus Silva A. 
Published: March 2016

<p>A migrânea é um tipo de cefaleia altamente incapacitante, mais prevalente no sexo feminino e apresenta vários gatilhos dietéticos possíveis. A literatura traz alimentos, bebidas e condimentos que podem desencadear ou agravar as crises de migrânea, por outro lado, alguns constituintes alimentares podem ser úteis no tratamento desta. Em relação ao estado nutricional, obesos e desnutridos apresentam crises de migrânea mais duradoras e frequentes que pessoas com peso adequado. O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar fatores dietéticos e nutricionais com a migrânea. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, além de livros técnicos sobre o tema. A identificação dos gatilhos alimentares revela-se uma das maneiras mais eficientes para a redução das crises de migrânea. Porém, tendo em vista que alguns alimentos saudáveis têm sido relatados como gatilhos desta comorbidade, desaconselha-se sua eliminação total da dieta. Além disso, a literatura também tem trazido diversos componentes nutricionais atuantes na prevenção da migrânea, tais como: lecitina, ácidos graxos ômega-3 e ômega-6, fenilalanina, taurina, metionina e isoflavona, algumas ervas (manjericão, melissa, gengibre, artemísia), riboflavina, coenzima Q10, magnésio, niacina, carnitina, ácido lipoico e cafeína. Reforça-se ainda a importância da manutenção de um estado nutricional adequado, pois a concentração de gordura abdominal e a desnutrição estão relacionadas a uma maior incapacidade decorrente da migrânea. </p>
Buy here, or keep driving? The effect of geographic market density on retail gas prices
Authors: Johnson Daniel K.N. , Schultheis Amy , Lybecker Kristina M. , Nadar Devin 
Published: March 2016

Using market data from six midsized U.S. metro areas with similar isolation from neighboring retail markets, this paper examines the effects of location on retail price, while controlling for brand effects. Spatial regression analysis accommodates the potential of spatially correlated errors, and sensitivity analysis tests for several measures of retail location concentration. Results point to reproducible brand premiums and some location-based price differences, but also show the counterintuitive finding that areas with more market competition do not show significantly lower retail gas prices.
Afrodescendentes na América Latina e Caribe: novos caminhos, novas perspectivas em um contexto global multicultural
Authors: Agudelo Carlos , Lemos Igreja Rebecca 
Published: March 2016

Nos últimos anos, vários países da América Latina e do Caribe promoveram reformas legislativas e institucionais com o objetivo de reconhecer e afirmar o caráter multiétnico e multicultural da nação. Esse movimento foi identificado como um “giro multicultural” que começou a ser implantado desde o final dos anos 80. Em boa parte desses países, a categoria de alteridade, antes atribuída especialmente aos povos indígenas, foi estendida às populações de origem africana que, dessa maneira, ganharam maior visibilidade enquanto populações culturalmente diferenciadas. É nesse contexto que o conceito de afrodescendente adquire um status quase generalizado no seio das instituições internacionais e estatais e entre os movimentos políticos, sociais e culturais da região, sem que com isso desapareçam outras formas de denominação nacional relativas a essas populações. Verifica-se, também, uma diversidade de experiências de reconhecimento das populações afrodescendentes nos mais diversos países do continente americano. O texto que propomos aborda os artigos do dossiê que aqui se apresenta e que tem como objetivo principal apresentar essa diversidade de experiências e romper com o desconhecimento que ainda existe, especialmente no Brasil, da realidade das condições e demandas das populações afrodescendentes nos países latino-americanos e caribenhos. palavras-chave: afrodescendentes, américa latina e caribe, introdução, novas perspectivas.---Afrodescendants in Latin America and the Caribbean: new paths, new perspectives in a multicultural global contextOver the last few years, several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have promoted legislative and institutional reforms in order to acknowledge and confirm the multiethnic and multicultural character of their nations. This movement was identified as a "multicultural spin" that was implemented in the late 80s. In most of these countries, the category of alterity, previously attributed, particularly, to indigenous peoples, was extended to populations of African origin that, thus, came to acquire greater visibility as culturally differentiated populations. It is in this context that the concept of "African descent" acquires an almost universal status within international and local institutions and among political, social and cultural movements in Latin America, without ignoring other forms of national denomination for these populations. It can also be observed a diversity of experiences for the recognition of Afro-descendants in various countries of the American continent. The proposed text addresses the articles of the dossier presented here, works which have as main purpose the presentation of these many experiences and that try to break through the disregard that still exists, especially in Brazil, to the real conditions and needs of Afrodescendent populations in Latin countries American and Caribbean.keywords: afrodescentes, latin american and caribbean, introduction, new perspectives.
Understanding the factors influencing the removal of heavy metals in urban stormwater runoff
Authors: Maniquiz-Redillas Marla C. , Kim Lee-Hyung 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this research, an infiltration trench equipped with an extensive pretreatment and filter bed consisting of woodchip, sand and gravel was utilized as a low impact development technique to manage stormwater runoff from a highly impervious road with particular emphasis on heavy metal removal. Findings revealed that the major factors influencing the removal of heavy metals were the concentration of the particulate matters and heavy metals in runoff, runoff volume and flow rates. The reduction of heavy metals was enhanced by sedimentation of particulates through pretreatment. Fine particles (&lt;2 mm) had the most significant amount of heavy metals, thus, enhanced adsorption and filtration using various filter media were important design considerations. Sediment was most highly attached on the surface area of woodchip than to other filter media like sand, gravel and geotextile. It is suggested that maintenance must be performed after the end of the winter season wherein high sediment rate was observed to maintain the efficiency of the treatment system.
Association of Blood Glucose Control and Lipids With Diabetic Retinopathy in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)
Authors: Azad Nasrin , Bahn Gideon D. , Emanuele Nicholas V. , Agrawal Lily , Ge Ling , Reda Dominic , Klein Ronald , Reaven Peter D. , Hayward Rodney ,   the VADT Study Group
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study examined whether lipids modify the relationship between intensive glucose control (INT) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The incidence and progression of DR were assessed in 858 of 1,791 participants with 7-field stereoscopic fundus photographs at baseline and 5 years later.

RESULTS
Odds of DR progression were lower by ∼40% in those with baseline total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dL (P = 0.007), LDL-C ≥120 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.02), or HDL-C ≥40 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.007) in the INT arm versus standard glycemic treatment. Odds of DR progression were reduced by ∼40% in those who had TC ≤140 mg/dL (P ≤ 0.024), triglycerides (TG) ≤120 mg/dL (P = 0.004), or HDL-C ≥45 mg/dL (P = 0.01) at the fifth year. Odds of DR progression were lower by ∼40–50% with reductions of TC by ≥40 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.0001), of LDL-C of ≥40 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.004), and of TG by ≥60 mg/dL (P = 0.004) at the fifth year. Odds of DR progression increased by 80% with increases in TC of ≥20 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.0001) and by 180% with increases in LDL-C by ≥60 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.004). After adjusting for covariants, those with higher TC at baseline and lower TC during and at the fifth year and higher HDL-C throughout study had significantly decreased odds of DR progression in INT.

CONCLUSIONS
INT was associated with decreased odds of progression but not with onset of retinopathy in those with worse lipid levels at baseline and more improved lipid levels during the study. Higher HDL-C was consistently associated with better response to INT throughout the study.
Hepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih Tzus: 31 cases (1996–2014)
Authors: Hall-Fonte Deborah L. , Center Sharon A. , McDonough Sean P. , Peters-Kennedy Jeanine , Trotter Thomas S. , Lucy John M. , Berger Elyse , Byers Christopher , Cummings Clifford G. , Burke Elizabeth , Stegemen Julie , Pintar Jason , Kantrowitz Larry , Sharpe Kristopher , Weinkle Tristan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize findings in Shih Tzus with progressive superficial necrolytic dermatitis and degenerative vacuolar hepatopathy consistent with hepatocutaneous syndrome.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 31 Shih Tzus.
PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on signalment, history, treatment, outcome, and results of clinicopathologic testing, abdominal ultrasonography, and histologic examination of skin and liver specimens. A pedigree analysis was performed.
RESULTS There were 16 males and 15 females. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 8 years (range, 5 to 14 years). Common clinical signs included lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, and lameness. Twenty-five dogs had cutaneous lesions consistent with hepatocutaneous syndrome; the remaining 6 initially only had hepatic abnormalities, but 3 of the 6 subsequently developed cutaneous lesions. Common clinicopathologic abnormalities included microcytosis (15/24 [63%] dogs) and high serum alkaline phosphatase activity (24/24 [100%] dogs). Hepatic ultrasonographic findings included a hyperechoic or heteroechoic appearance to the parenchyma with innumerable hypoechoic nodules. Histologic hepatic lesions consisted of degenerative vacuolar (glycogen and lipid) hepatopathy associated with minimally fibrotic to nonfibrotic, noninflammatory, proliferative nodules. Pedigree analysis confirmed a common ancestry in 12 of 18 dogs. Median survival time was 3 months (range, 1 to 36 months).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that HCS may have a heritable component in Shih Tzus, although the condition may also be identified in Shih Tzus without affected relatives. Clinical, clinicopathologic, ultrasonographic, and histologic abnormalities in affected Shih Tzus were similar to those previously reported for dogs of other breeds with HCS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016;248:802–813)
Identification of Heterobilharzia americana infection in a dog residing in Indiana with no history of travel
Authors: Rodriguez Jessica Y. , Camp Joseph W. , Lenz Stephen D. , Kazacos Kevin R. , Snowden Karen F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 1-year-old castrated male dog residing in Indiana was examined because of intermittent vomiting of 4 months' duration.
CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog's condition did not resolve with medication. Diagnostic imaging revealed a possible partial obstruction at the ileocecal junction. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. The jejunum contained diffusely distributed, nodular, intramural lesions; 2 biopsy specimens were collected from representative lesions. The pancreas was grossly swollen, and pancreatitis was presumed present. No other abnormalities were observed in the abdomen. Histologic examination of the submitted biopsy specimens revealed infection with Heterobilharzia americana.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME After diagnosis, the dog was treated with fenbendazole suspension (48 mg/kg [21.8 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) for 10 days. This treatment was subsequently repeated 11 and 80 days later. One week after the end of the last fenbendazole treatment, several H americana eggs were detected in a fecal sample via saline sedimentation, and the dog was given praziquantel (25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h) for 2 days. No gastrointestinal signs were evident 4 months after that treatment.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The dog described in this report was the first autochthonous canine case of H americana infection in Indiana, to the authors' knowledge; this case has confirmed that the distribution of this parasite in the Midwestern United States is broader than previously known. Increased awareness of the distribution of H americana should aid veterinarians in early, noninvasive diagnosis and appropriate treatment of affected animals. Repeated treatments and recheck fecal examinations may be necessary when managing these cases. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016;248:827–830)
Gender difference in drinking among the urban squatters of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Pushpa , Mishra Shiva Raj 
Published: March 2016

Background: Globally, more men drink than women. However, we remain unknown about this phenomenon among the urban poor of Nepal. The current study investigated gender differences in drinking among the urban poor residing in urban squatter settlements of Nepal.Methodology: We approached 422 households of four squatter settlements of Kathmandu Valley, using modified Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: an International Study questionnaire. Following cross-sectional design, we executed study from November, 2013 to March, 2014. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done in R version 3.1.2.Results: Odds of being current drinker (adjusted odds ratio: 5.86, 95% CI: 2.50-13.72) was higher in men than the women. Men were also more likely to be frequent drinkers (adjusted odds ratio: 6.61, 95% CI: 1.45- 30.11) than their women counterparts. Men and women did not differ significantly in contexts of drinking and types of drinking. Men also carried higher possibility of being current drinker in various strata of socio-demographic characteristics. The respective crude odds ratio were accordingly: (18-24 years: 12.73, 95% CI: 4.13-40.98); (25-44 years: 9.94, 95% CI: 4.54-22.13); (45-65 years: 8.23, 95% CI: 3.70-18.57); (dalit and disadvantaged janajati:9.80, 95% CI: 5.61-17.21); ( upper caste: 9.00, 95% CI: 3.25-25.78); ( Hindu: 8.67, 95% CI: 4.79-15.80); (non-Hindu: 13.64, 95% CI: 5.46-34.88); (secondary and below education: 10.22, 95% CI: 6.01-17.46); (above secondary education:7.00, 95% CI: 2.05-25.06); (employed: 3.94, 95% CI: 1.74-8.99);(unemployed: 14.08, 95% CI: 7.45-26.84); (married: 9.79, 95% CI: 95% CI: 5.27-18.33); (unmarried and others: 9.33, 95% CI: 4.18-21.15).Conclusion: The study revealed significant gender differences in drinking. Gender sensitive and specific alcohol interventions should be planned and implemented covering urban squatter settlements.
REST-FRAME OPTICAL EMISSION LINES IN z ∼ 3.5 LYMAN-BREAK-SELECTED GALAXIES: THE UBIQUITY OF UNUSUALLY HIGH [O III]/Hβ RATIOS AT 2 Gyr*

†
Authors: Holden B. P. , Oesch P. A. , González V. G. , Illingworth G. D. , Labbé I. , Bouwens R. , Franx M. , Dokkum P. van , Spitler L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present K-band spectra of rest-frame optical emission lines for 24 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3.2–3.7 using MOSFIRE on the Keck I telescope. Strong rest-frame optical [O iii] and Hβ emission lines were detected in 18 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). The median flux ratio of [O iii]λ5007 to Hβ is

. This is a factor of 5–10 times higher than in local galaxies with similar stellar masses. None of our sources are detected in deep X-ray stacks, ruling out significant contamination by active galactic nuclei. Combining our sample with a variety of LBGs from the literature, including 49 galaxies selected in a very similar manner, we find a high median ratio of [O iii]/Hβ =

. This high ratio seems to be a ubiquitous feature of z ∼ 3–4 LBGs, very different from typical local star-forming galaxies at similar stellar masses. The only comparable systems at z ∼ 0 are those with similarly high specific star formation rates (SSFRs), though ∼5 times lower stellar masses. High SSFRs may result in a higher ionization parameter, higher electron density, or harder ionizing radiation, which, combined different elemental abundances, result in a much higher [O iii]/Hβ line ratio. This implies a strong relation between a global property of a galaxy, the SSFR, and the local conditions of ISM in star-forming regions.
SIMULATIONS OF SOLAR JETS CONFINED BY CORONAL LOOPS
Authors: Wyper P. F. , DeVore C. R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Coronal jets are collimated, dynamic events that occur over a broad range of spatial scales in the solar corona. In the open magnetic field of coronal holes, jets form quasi-radial spires that can extend far out into the heliosphere, while in closed-field regions the jet outflows are confined to the corona. We explore the application of the embedded-bipole model to jets occurring in closed coronal loops. In this model, magnetic free energy is injected slowly by footpoint motions that introduce twist within the closed dome of the jet source region, and is released rapidly by the onset of an ideal kink-like instability. Two length scales characterize the system: the width (N) of the jet source region and the footpoint separation (L) of the coronal loop that envelops the jet source. We find that both the conditions for initiation and the subsequent dynamics are highly sensitive to the ratio L/N. The longest-lasting and most energetic jets occur along long coronal loops with large L/N ratios, and share many of the features of open-field jets, while smaller L/N ratios produce shorter-duration, less energetic jets that are affected by reflections from the far-loop footpoint. We quantify the transition between these behaviors and show that our model replicates key qualitative and quantitative aspects of both quiet Sun and active-region loop jets. We also find that the reconnection between the closed dome and surrounding coronal loop is very extensive: the cumulative reconnected flux at least matches the total flux beneath the dome for small L/N, and is more than double that value for large L/N.
A BARYONIC EFFECT ON THE MERGER TIMESCALE OF GALAXY CLUSTERS
Authors: Zhang Congyao , Yu Qingjuan , Lu Youjun 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Accurate estimation of the merger timescales of galaxy clusters is important for understanding the cluster merger process and further understanding the formation and evolution of the large-scale structure of the universe. In this paper, we explore a baryonic effect on the merger timescale of galaxy clusters by using hydrodynamical simulations. We find that the baryons play an important role in accelerating the merger process. The merger timescale decreases upon increasing the gas fraction of galaxy clusters. For example, the merger timescale is shortened by a factor of up to 3 for merging clusters with gas fractions of 0.15, compared with the timescale obtained with 0 gas fractions. The baryonic effect is significant for a wide range of merger parameters and is particularly more significant for nearly head-on mergers and high merging velocities. The baryonic effect on the merger timescale of galaxy clusters is expected to have an impact on the structure formation in the universe, such as the cluster mass function and massive substructures in galaxy clusters, and a bias of “no-gas” may exist in the results obtained from the dark matter-only cosmological simulations.
GAS GAPS IN THE PROTOPLANETARY DISK AROUND THE YOUNG PROTOSTAR HL TAU
Authors: Yen Hsi-Wei , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Gu Pin-Gao , Hirano Naomi , Lee Chin-Fei , Puspitaningrum Evaria , Takakuwa Shigehisa 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We have analyzed the HCO+ (1–0) data of the Class I–II protostar, HL Tau, obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array long baseline campaign. We generated the HCO+ image cube at an angular resolution of ∼0.″07 (∼10 au) and performed azimuthal averaging on the image cube to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and measure the radial profile of the HCO+ integrated intensity. Two gaps at radii of ∼28 and ∼69 au and a central cavity are identified in the radial intensity profile. The inner HCO+ gap is coincident with the millimeter continuum gap at a radius of 32 au. The outer HCO+ gap is located at the millimeter continuum bright ring at a radius of 69 au and overlaps with the two millimeter continuum gaps at radii of 64 and 74 au. On the contrary, the presence of the central cavity is likely due to the high optical depth of the 3 mm continuum emission and not the depletion of the HCO+ gas. We derived the HCO+ column density profile from its intensity profile. From the column density profile, the FWHM widths of the inner and outer HCO+ gaps are both estimated to be ∼14 au, and their depths are estimated to be ∼2.4 and ∼5.0. These results are consistent with the expectation from the gaps opened by forming (sub-)Jovian mass planets, while placing tight constraints on the theoretical models solely incorporating the variation of dust properties and grain sizes.
WHAT A TANGLED WEB WE WEAVE: HERMUS AS THE NORTHERN EXTENSION OF THE PHOENIX STREAM
Authors: Grillmair Carl J. , Carlberg Raymond G. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether the recently discovered Phoenix stream may be part of a much longer stream that includes the previously discovered Hermus stream. Using a simple model of the Galaxy with a disk, bulge, and a spherical dark matter halo, we show that a nearly circular orbit, highly inclined with respect to the disk, can be found that fits the positions, orientations, and distances of both streams. While the two streams are somewhat misaligned in the sense that they do not occupy the same plane, nodal precession due to the Milky Way disk potential naturally brings the orbit into line with each stream in the course of half an orbit. We consequently consider a common origin for the two streams as plausible. Based on our best-fitting orbit, we make predictions for the positions, distances, radial velocities, and proper motions along each stream. If our hypothesis is borne out by measurements, then at ≈183° (≈235° with respect to the Galactic center) and ≈76 kpc in length, Phoenix–Hermus would become the longest cold stream yet found. This would make it a particularly valuable new probe of the shape and mass of the Galactic halo out to ≈20 kpc.