bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do economics journals foster replicable research?
Authors: Vlaeminck Sven , Toepfer Ralf 
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here.Replications are pivotal for the credibility of empirical economics. It is widely recognized in economics that replication studies are a necessary condition for scientific integrity. Alarmingly, several studies indicate that a significant share of empirical economics research cannot be replicated. At the same time, the awareness among researchers, that empirically-based research is often based on shaky grounds, has increased in the last years. It becomes more and more evident that there is a need for more replications in economics to regain trust and credibility in empirical economics research.Though established scholarly journals have adopted replication policies in recent years, replication activities only slightly increased. Against this background our talk investigates if and how journals in economics foster replicable research. For this purpose, we will address two aspects:Journals’ data policies and their effective enforcement in economics: The first part of our talk presents the findings of a new study, in which we evaluated almost 600 articles published in 37 well-regarded journals with a data availability policy. First, we highlight the share of articles that fall under the data policy. Subsequently, the talk contrasts for how many of these data-based articles replication files were available in journals’ data archives and/or the supplemental information section of the article. Moreover, the exact requirements of journals’ data policies have been contrasted to the replication files available on journals’ web pages (respectively in their data archives).We developed a ‘compliance rate’ for each journal in our study. The higher the compliance rate the more do journals enforce their data policy. In the first part of our talk, we also discuss the question whether voluntary data policies are effective in fostering replicable research. For this purpose, we compare the compliance rate of journals with a voluntary data policy to their mandatory counterparts.Journals as publication outlets for replication studies: Though researchers agree that replication studies are needed to regain trust and credibility in empirical economic research, replication activities only slightly increased in recent years. One reason for that finding can be that in the current system replicating other people’s result does not progresses researcher’s career. Another reason is the paucity of publication outlets for such replication studies. In this part of our talk we also discuss whether established journals should implement replication sections or whether a journal which is entirely dedicated to replication, would be a better way to foster the publication of replication studies. As a showcase we will briefly introduce the newly founded “International Journal for Re-Views in Empirical Economics” (IREE).To conclude, we sketch the current and potential future developments in economics when it comes to reproducible research.
EEG sensorimotor rhythms’ variation and functional connectivity measures during motor imagery: linear relations and classification approaches
Authors: Stefano Filho Carlos A. , Attux Romis , Castellano Gabriela 
Published: November 2017

Hands motor imagery (MI) has been reported to alter synchronization patterns amongst neurons, yielding variations in the mu and beta bands’ power spectral density (PSD) of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. These alterations have been used in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI), in an attempt to assign distinct MI tasks to commands of such a system. Recent studies have highlighted that information may be missing if knowledge about brain functional connectivity is not considered. In this work, we modeled the brain as a graph in which each EEG electrode represents a node. Our goal was to understand if there exists any linear correlation between variations in the synchronization patterns—that is, variations in the PSD of mu and beta bands—induced by MI and alterations in the corresponding functional networks. Moreover, we (1) explored the feasibility of using functional connectivity parameters as features for a classifier in the context of an MI-BCI; (2) investigated three different types of feature selection (FS) techniques; and (3) compared our approach to a more traditional method using the signal PSD as classifier inputs. Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. We observed significant correlations (p < 0.05) with values ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 between PSD variations and functional network alterations for some electrodes, prominently in the beta band. The PSD method performed better for data classification, with mean accuracies of (90 ± 8)% and (87 ± 7)% for the mu and beta band, respectively, versus (83 ± 8)% and (83 ± 7)% for the same bands for the graph method. Moreover, the number of features for the graph method was considerably larger. However, results for both methods were relatively close, and even overlapped when the uncertainties of the accuracy rates were considered. Further investigation regarding a careful exploration of other graph metrics may provide better alternatives.
Mesenteric Lymphatic Malformations in Children: Report of 7 Cases
Authors: Shironomae Tsubasa , Nishida Shoichi , Satomi Miwa , Kuwahara Tsuyoshi , Yasui Yoshitomo , Kohno Miyuki 
Published: November 2017

Introduction
Mesenteric lymphatic malformations (MLMs) are rare, the most common etiology being benign proliferation of ectopic lymphatics in the mesentery, with these lymphatics lacking communication with the remainder of the lymphatic system.

Case presentation
The medical records of 7 patients treated for MLMs at our center between 2001 and 2015 were reviewed. The 7 patients included 4 boys and 3 girls of a median age of 96 months (range: 4–161 months). The main symptoms were abdominal pain in 5 patients, fever in 2, and vomiting in 2. Four of the 5 patients with abdominal pain had elevated inflammatory reactions. Five patients had abdominal masses, and 2 had asymptomatic abdominal masses incidentally diagnosed during infant health checkups. Of the 4 patients with elevated inflammatory reactions, 2 required emergency surgery, and the other 2 underwent surgery after antibiotic treatment. MLMs were located in the jejunal mesentery of 3 patients, in the ileal mesentery in 3, and in the transverse mesocolon in 1. Surgical procedures included excision of the MLMs and adjacent segment of the intestine in 4 patients and cystectomy in 3. No patient experienced recurrence of MLM.

Conclusions
Clinical features of MLMs can vary from asymptomatic to acute abdominal pain and may affect adjacent organs. MLM should be treated surgically before it can cause serious complications.
A New Sulfur and Carbon Degassing Inventory for the Southern Central American Volcanic Arc: The Importance of Accurate Time‐Series Data Sets and Possible Tectonic Processes Responsible for Temporal Variations in Arc‐Scale Volatile Emissions
Authors: de Moor J. M. , Kern C. , Avard G. , Muller C. , Aiuppa A. , Saballos A. , Ibarra M. , LaFemina P. , Protti M. , Fischer T. P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis work presents a new database of SO2 and CO2 fluxes from the Southern Central American Volcanic Arc (SCAVA) for the period 2015–2016. We report ∼300 SO2 flux measurements from 10 volcanoes and gas ratios from 11 volcanoes in Costa Rica and Nicaragua representing the most extensive available assessment of this ∼500 km arc segment. The SO2 flux from SCAVA is estimated at 6,240 ± 1,150 T/d, about a factor of three higher than previous estimations (1972–2013). We attribute this increase in part to our more complete assessment of the arc. Another consideration in interpreting the difference is the context of increased volcanic activity, as there were more eruptions in 2015–2016 than in any period since ∼1980. A potential explanation for increased degassing and volcanic activity is a change in crustal stress regime (from compression to extension, opening volcanic conduits) following two large (Mw > 7) earthquakes in the region in 2012. The CO2 flux from the arc is estimated at 22,500 ± 4,900 T/d, which is equal to or greater than estimates of C input into the SCAVA subduction zone. Time‐series data sets for arc degassing need to be improved in temporal and spatial coverage to robustly constrain volatile budgets and tectonic controls. Arc volatile budgets are strongly influenced by short‐lived degassing events and arc systems likely display significant short‐term variations in volatile output, calling for expansion of nascent geochemical monitoring networks to achieve spatial and temporal coverage similar to traditional geophysical networks.
Goethite Concentration Variations in the Red Clay Sequence on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Rui , Nie Junsheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Goethite is a common magnetic mineral in soils and is important for understanding past climatic and environmental change. Although goethite concentration records are available for the Quaternary loess‐paleosol sequences from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), no goethite concentration record is available for the underlying Red Clay sequence. Here, we generate a record of goethite concentration from the Chaona section on the CLP and investigate the relationship between goethite and ferrimagnetic mineral concentration and climate parameters on the Red Clay sequence deposited from 6 to 2.7 Ma. We found that increasing goethite concentration generally corresponds to decreasing magnetic susceptibility for the Red Clay sequence, with the exception of an anomalous section from 4.3 to 3.7 Ma where both records show increasing trends. Precipitation seasonality could explain this opposite variation pattern between magnetic susceptibility and goethite concentration in the Red Clay sequence. From 3.6 to 2.7 Ma, goethite concentration has a decreasing trend while magnetic susceptibility increased, which we interpret as more seasonally distributed precipitation associated with intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Similar pattern was observed from 0.65 to 0 Ma from the Lingtai section. Taken together, the goethite record reveals that the EASM experienced two stages of rapid intensification with apparent seasonally distributed precipitation since 6 Ma.
Titan's Topography and Shape at the End of the Cassini Mission
Authors: Corlies P. , Hayes A. G. , Birch S. P. D. , Lorenz R. , Stiles B. W. , Kirk R. , Poggiali V. , Zebker H. , Iess L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWith the conclusion of the Cassini mission, we present an updated topographic map of Titan, including all the available altimetry, SARtopo, and stereophotogrammetry topographic data sets available from the mission. We use radial basis functions to interpolate the sparse data set, which covers only ∼9% of Titan's global area. The most notable updates to the topography include higher coverage of the poles of Titan, improved fits to the global shape, and a finer resolution of the global interpolation. We also present a statistical analysis of the error in the derived products and perform a global minimization on a profile‐by‐profile basis to account for observed biases in the input data set. We find a greater flattening of Titan than measured, additional topographic rises in Titan's southern hemisphere and better constrain the possible locations of past and present liquids on Titan's surface.
Flows, Fields, and Forces in the Mars‐Solar Wind Interaction
Authors: Halekas J. S. , Brain D. A. , Luhmann J. G. , DiBraccio G. A. , Ruhunusiri S. , Harada Y. , Fowler C. M. , Mitchell D. L. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. R. , Mazelle C. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe utilize suprathermal ion and magnetic field measurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, organized by the upstream magnetic field, to investigate the morphology and variability of flows, fields, and forces in the Mars‐solar wind interaction. We employ a combination of case studies and statistical investigations to characterize the interaction in both quasi‐parallel and quasi‐perpendicular regions and under high and low solar wind Mach number conditions. For the first time, we include a detailed investigation of suprathermal ion temperature and anisotropy. We find that the observed magnetic fields and suprathermal ion moments in the magnetosheath, bow shock, and upstream regions have observable asymmetries controlled by the interplanetary magnetic field, with particularly large asymmetries found in the ion parallel temperature and anisotropy. The greatest temperature anisotropies occur in quasi‐perpendicular regions of the magnetosheath and under low Mach number conditions. These results have implications for the growth and evolution of wave‐particle instabilities and their role in energy transport and dissipation. We utilize the measured parameters to estimate the average ion pressure gradient, J × B, and v × B macroscopic force terms. The pressure gradient force maintains nearly cylindrical symmetry, while the J × B force has larger asymmetries and varies in magnitude in comparison to the pressure gradient force. The v × B force felt by newly produced planetary ions exceeds the other forces in magnitude in the magnetosheath and upstream regions for all solar wind conditions.
Simulated Historical (1901–2010) Changes in the Permafrost Extent and Active Layer Thickness in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Guo Donglin , Wang Huijun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA growing body of simulation research has considered the dynamics of permafrost, which has an important role in the climate system of a warming world. Previous studies have concentrated on the future degradation of permafrost based on global climate models (GCMs) or data from GCMs. An accurate estimation of historical changes in permafrost is required to understand the relations between changes in permafrost and the Earth's climate and to validate the results from GCMs. Using the Community Land Model 4.5 driven by the Climate Research Unit ‐National Centers for Environmental Prediction (CRUNCEP) atmospheric data set and observations of changes in soil temperature and active layer thickness and present‐day areal extent of permafrost, this study investigated the changes in permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere from 1901 to 2010. The results showed that the model can reproduce the interannual variations in the observed soil temperature and active layer thickness. The simulated area of present‐day permafrost fits well with observations, with a bias of 2.02 × 106 km2. The area of permafrost decreased by 0.06 (0.62) × 106 km2 decade−1 from 1901 to 2009 (1979 to 2009). A clear decrease in the area of permafrost was found in response to increases in air temperatures during the period from about the 1930s to the 1940s, indicating that permafrost is sensitive to even a temporary increase in temperature. From a regional perspective, high‐elevation permafrost decreases at a faster rate than high‐latitude permafrost; permafrost in China shows the fastest rate of decrease, followed by Alaska, Russia, and Canada. Discrepancies in the rate of decrease in the extent of permafrost among different regions were mostly linked to the sensitivity of permafrost in the regions to increases in air temperatures rather than to the amplitude of the increase in air temperatures. An increase in the active layer thickness of 0.009 (0.071) m decade−1 was shown during the period of 1901–2009 (1979–2009). These results are useful in understanding the response of permafrost to a historical warming climate and for validating the results from GCMs.
The Temporal and Spatial Variability of the Confined Aquifer Head and Storage Properties in the San Luis Valley, Colorado Inferred From Multiple InSAR Missions
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Knight Rosemary , Zebker Howard A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInterferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from multiple satellite missions were combined to study the temporal and spatial variability of head and storage properties in a confined aquifer system on a decadal time scale. The area of study was a 4,500 km2 agricultural basin in the San Luis Valley (SLV), Colorado. We had available previous analyses of C‐band ERS‐1/2 data from June 1992 to November 2000, and L‐band ALOS PALSAR data from October 2009 to March 2011. We used C‐band Envisat data to fill in the time period from November 2006 to July 2010. In processing the Envisat data, we successfully employed a phase interpolation between persistent scatterer pixels to reduce the impact of vegetation decorrelation, which can significantly reduce the quality of C‐band InSAR data over agricultural basins. In comparing the results from the L‐band ALOS data and C‐band Envisat data in a 10 month overlapping time period, we found that the shorter wavelength of C‐band InSAR allowed us to preserve small deformation signals that were not detectable using L‐band ALOS data. A significant result was the finding that the elastic storage properties of the SLV confined aquifer system remained stable over the 20 year time period and vary slowly in space, allowing us to combine InSAR data acquired from multiple missions to fill the temporal and spatial gaps in well data. The InSAR estimated head levels were validated with well measurements, which indicate little permanent water‐storage loss over the study time period in the SLV.
Measurement, Formative and Reflective
Authors: Sommer Katharina 
Published: November 2017

Latent variables are assessed by observable measures (indicators). The measurement model describes the relationship between these manifest indicators and the latent construct. Measurement models can be reflective or causal in nature. In reflective models, the indicators are affected by the latent variable, whereas in causal models the indicators define the latent variable.
This entry describes the differences between the two types of measurement models and discusses the assessment of criteria for reliability and validity. Furthermore, it explains the requirements for estimating formative and reflective measurement models, describes the consequences of model misspecification, and provides insights into the criticism of formative modeling. Finally, it presents the difference between covariance‐ and variance‐based structural equation modeling techniques.
Phytochromes
Authors: Hiltbrunner Andreas , Nagy Ferenc , Schäfer Eberhard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionHistorical AspectsProperties ofphyAin vitroProperties in Yeast CellsIn vivoProperties of PhytochromesIntracellular Localisation of PhytochromesIntracellular Localisation ofphyBin Dark and LightIntracellular Localisation ofphyAin Dark and LightIntracellular Localisation ofphyC,phyDandphyEin Dark and LightPhytochrome/PIF3Co‐Localisation and Nuclear SpecklesRegulation of Intracellular Localisation of PhytochromesAcknowledgements
Phototropins and OtherLOV‐Containing Proteins
Authors: Christie John M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPhototropins and Their Biological FunctionsPhototropin Structure, Localization and ActivityLight Sensing by theLOVDomainsPhototropin SignalingOtherLOV‐Containing ProteinsConclusions and Future PerspectivesAcknowledgements
The Role of Ubiquitin/Proteasome‐Mediated Proteolysis in Photoreceptor Action
Authors: Feng Suhua , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionOverview of the Ubiquitin/Proteasome SystemRole ofCOP/DET/FUSProteins in Photoreceptor‐Mediated Signal Transduction and Ubiquitin/Proteasome‐Mediated ProteolysisOther Connection Points between Light Signaling and Selective ProteolysisConcluding RemarksNote
Red:Far‐Red Ratio Perception and Shade Avoidance
Authors: Franklin Keara A. , Whitelam Garry C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionNatural Light EnvironmentShade Avoidance SyndromePhytochrome Regulation of Shade AvoidanceThe Roles of Other Signals in Shade AvoidanceSignalling in Shade AvoidanceThe Adaptive Value of Shade AvoidanceConclusions
Import of Nuclear‐Encoded Mitochondrial Proteins
Authors: Glaser Elzbieta , Whelan James 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMitochondrial‐Targeting SignalsCytosolic FactorsSorting of Precursors between Mitochondria and ChloroplastsTranslocation MachineryProteolytic EventsEvolution of Protein Import ComponentsGenomic Perspective of Mitochondrial Protein Import ComponentsConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
Mitochondrial Electron Transport and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Møller Ian M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Standard Electron Transport ChainThe Alternative OxidaseNAD(P)HDehydrogenasesSubstrates for theNAD(P)HDehydrogenasesOxidative Stress –ROSTurnoverMitochondrialDNAand Lipid OxidationMitochondrial Protein OxidationFate of Oxidised ProteinsHow to Prevent the Transfer of Oxidative Damage to the Next Generation?Concluding RemarksAcknowledgements
Functional Defective Metal‐Organic Coordinated Network of Mesostructured Nanoframes for Enhanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , Tan Chuan Fu , Hong Minghui , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough defects are traditionally perceived as undesired feature, the prevalence of tenacious low‐coordinated defects can instead give rise to desirable functionalities. Here, a spontaneous etching of mesostructured crystal, cyanide‐bridged cobalt‐iron (CN‐CoFe) organometallic hybrid into atomically crafted open framework that is populated with erosion‐tolerant high surface energy defects is presented. Unprecedently, the distinct mechanistic etching pathway dictated by the mesostructured assembly, bulk defects, and strong intercoordinated cyanide‐bridged hybrid mediates not only formation of excess low‐coordinated defects but also more importantly stabilizes them against prevailing dissolution and migration issues. Clearly, the heteropolynuclear cyanide bonded inorganic mesostructured clusters sanction the restructuring of a new breed of stable organometallic polymorph with 3D accessible structure enclosed by electrochemical active atomic stepped edges and high index facets. The exceptional electrocatalysis performance supports the assertion that defective mesostructured polymorph offers a new material paradigm to synthetically tailor the elementary building block constituents toward functional materials.
Avoiding Energy Loss on TADF Emitters: Controlling the Dual Conformations of D–A Structure Molecules Based on the Pseudoplanar Segments
Authors: Wang Kai , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Liu Wei , Liang Ke , Shi Yi‐Zhong , Tao Si‐Lu , Lee Chun‐Sing , Ou Xue‐Mei , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe recent introduction of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is regarded as an important breakthrough for the development of high efficiency organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). The planar D and A groups are generally used to construct TADF emitters for their rigid structure and large steric hindrance. In this work, it is shown that many frequently used nonaromatic (noncontinuous conjugation or without satisfying Hückel's rule) planar segments, such as 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine, are actually pseudoplanar segments and have two possible conformations–a planar form and a crooked form. Molecules constructed from pseudoplanar segments can thus have two corresponding conformations. Their existence can have significant impact on the performance of many TADF emitters. Two design strategies are presented for addressing the problem by either (1) increasing the rigidity of these groups to suppress its crooked form or (2) increasing the steric hindrance of the linked group to minimize energy of the emitters with the highly twisted form. Following these strategies, two new emitters are synthesized accordingly and successfully applied in OLEDs demonstrating high external quantum efficiencies (20.2% and 18.3%).