bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐referential processing in adolescents: Stability of behavioral and ERP markers
Authors: Auerbach Randy P. , Bondy Erin , Stanton Colin H. , Webb Christian A. , Shankman Stewart A. , Pizzagalli Diego A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe self‐referential encoding task (SRET)—an implicit measure of self‐schema—has been used widely to probe cognitive biases associated with depression, including among adolescents. However, research testing the stability of behavioral and electrocortical effects is sparse. Therefore, the current study sought to evaluate the stability of behavioral markers and ERPs elicited from the SRET over time in healthy, female adolescents (n = 31). At baseline, participants were administered a diagnostic interview and a self‐report measure of depression severity. In addition, they completed the SRET while 128‐channel ERP data were recorded to examine early (P1) and late (late positive potential [LPP]) ERPs. Three months later, participants were readministered the depression self‐report measure and the SRET in conjunction with ERPs. Results revealed that healthy adolescents endorsed, recalled, and recognized more positive and fewer negative words at each assessment, and these effects were stable over time (rs = .44–.83). Similarly, they reported a faster reaction time when endorsing self‐relevant positive words, as opposed to negative words, at both the initial and follow‐up assessment (r = .82). Second, ERP responses, specifically potentiated P1 and late LPP positivity to positive versus negative words, were consistent over time (rs = .56–.83), and the internal reliability of ERPs were robust at each time point (rs = .52–.80). As a whole, these medium‐to‐large effects suggest that the SRET is a reliable behavioral and neural probe of self‐referential processing.
Clinical characteristics and factors predicting respiratory failure in adenovirus pneumonia
Authors: Yoon Hee , Jhun Byung Woo , Kim Se Jin , Kim Kang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveLimited data exist regarding factors predicting respiratory failure (RF) in non‐immunocompromised patients with adenovirus (AdV) pneumonia.MethodsWe described characteristics of AdV pneumonia (n = 91) versus non‐AdV pneumonia (n = 55) and compared clinico‐laboratory and radiological characteristics in patient groups categorized by RF.ResultsAll 91 AdV pneumonia patients presented with acute respiratory symptoms and radiological infiltrations and had significantly lower levels of white blood cell counts and platelet counts compared with non‐AdV pneumonia. Of them, 67 patients had mild pneumonia without RF (non‐RF), 14 patients had no RF at admission but progressed to RF during hospitalization (progressed to RF) and 10 patients had RF at admission (initial RF). Initial monocyte percentage and absolute monocyte counts in RF patient groups (progressed to RF and initial RF) were significantly lower than those of non‐RF patients (both P < 0.001), and the differences among progressed to RF and initial RF patients were not significant. Chest computed tomography findings such as dominant pattern or distribution, clinical symptoms, and bacterial or viral co‐infections other than AdV were not discriminable between patients who had RF and those who did not. On univariate analysis, initial monocytopenia, multilobar infiltrations and pleural effusion were associated with RF. However, on multivariable analysis, only initial monocytopenia remained significant (P = 0.004) for predicting RF.ConclusionOur data suggest that initial monocytopenia may help to predict RF during the course of AdV pneumonia in non‐immunocompromised patients.
Trends in United States blood collection and transfusion: results from the 2013 AABB Blood Collection, Utilization, and Patient Blood Management Survey
Authors: Whitaker Barbee , Rajbhandary Srijana , Kleinman Steven , Harris Andrea , Kamani Naynesh 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDAABB surveyed AABB institutional members about their 2013 blood collection, transfusion, and patient blood management (PBM) programs. Results were compared with previous US national surveys.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe 2013 AABB Blood Collection, Utilization, and Patient Blood Management Survey was distributed to AABB blood centers (79) and hospitals (1068). Statistical procedures were used to estimate blood collection and transfusion.RESULTSEstimated whole blood (WB) and red blood cell (RBC) collections in 2013 totaled 13.6 million units, a 12.1% decrease from 15.5 million units in 2011 (p < 0.0001). Transfusions of WB and RBC units by AABB hospitals totaled 6.1 million units, 7.3% fewer compared to 2011 (p = 0.036). There was no change in overall platelet (PLT) distributions by blood collectors but WB‐derived (WBD) PLT distributions increased significantly (27.1%, p < 0.0001). Transfusion of PLTs increased 15.4% totaling 1.3 million units (p = 0.0423), including increases in apheresis PLT (12.2%) and WBD PLT transfusions (30.7%). Distribution of plasma for transfusion declined 22.4% (p < 0.0001), while transfused plasma decreased only 9.9% (p = 0.036). Hospitals reduced outdated WB, RBC, and PLT components by 14.9% to 26.1% and wasted plasma components by 19.0%. PBM programs were reported by 37.8% of AABB hospitals.CONCLUSIONSCompared to 2011, WB and RBC collections declined significantly in 2013 and disproportionately to the significant reductions in WB and RBC transfusions. Distributions of PLTs and plasma for transfusion declined in 2013, as did transfusions of plasma, while transfusion of PLTs increased significantly. Decreases in outdated and wasted components by hospitals suggest improvements in product and inventory management. Ongoing national surveys allow for trend analysis and are important for future planning.
What Drives India's Surge in Service Exports?
Authors: Sahoo Pravakar , Dash Ranjan Kumar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIndia's prowess in the service sector has been recognised the world over. Sustaining services exports is important not only to sustain India's high growth rate but also to compensate for a consistent deficit in merchandise trade and to maintain stability on the external sector. In this context, we analyse the factors of India's performance in services exports over the past three decades. The results reveal that endowment factors such as human capital, improvement in physical infrastructure and financial development are key drivers for India's surge in services exports along with world demand, exchange rate and manufacturing exports. While factors such as institutions, R&D expenditure, telecommunication, foreign direct investment and financial development significantly impact the export of modern services, traditional services exports are more dependent on infrastructure development, manufacturing exports, world demand and exchange rate. India's economic reforms in the financial sector, FDI, communication so far have helped the services exports, but India needs to focus on supply‐side factors to improve the competitiveness – and thereby volume – of services exports.
Hyperlactatemia and serial lactate measurements in sick cats
Authors: Redavid Lesleigh A. , Sharp Claire R. , Mitchell Mark A. , Beckel Nicole F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo document the incidence of hyperlactatemia in sick cats hospitalized for emergency care and to evaluate the prognostic utility of serial lactate measurements in cats with hyperlactatemia.DesignProspective observational study over a 10‐month period (July 2010–May 2011).SettingPrivate veterinary referral center with 24‐hour hospital care.AnimalsOne hundred and twenty‐three privately owned cats admitted to a private referral center.InterventionsBlood was collected by direct venipuncture from the jugular or medial saphenous vein at the time of hospital admission and at 6 and 24 hours following admission.Measurements and Main ResultsThe median plasma lactate concentration for all cats at admission (T0) was 1.89 mmol/L (17.0 mg/dL) (range: 0.3–12.48). Twenty‐three percent (28/123) of cats admitted were hyperlactatemic (ie, >2.87 mmol/L; >25.86 mg/dL) upon admission. Lactate concentration at presentation and serial lactate measurements were not found to be related with survival to discharge or correlated with duration of hospitalization. The overall survival rate of all cats in this study was 81%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the incidence of hyperlactatemia in sick cats being admitted for hospitalization in a private referral center was 23%, and that lactate concentration on admission and serial lactate measurements over time were not prognostic in this group of hospitalized cats. Future studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic utility of lactate and serial lactate measurements in specific disease states and in a larger population of critically ill cats.
Effect of prolonged photoperiod on ocular tissues of domestic turkeys
Authors: Leis Marina L. , Dodd Mary‐Magdalene U. , Starrak Gregory , Vermette Catherine J. , Gomis Susantha , Bauer Bianca S. , Sandmeyer Lynne S. , Schwean‐Lardner Karen , Classen Henry L. , Grahn Bruce H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the structural and functional ocular changes that develop in turkeys exposed to a photoperiod of 23 h of light (23L) compared with a photoperiod of 14 h of light (14L).ProceduresTen‐day‐old Nicholas heavy strain poults were exposed to either a 14L or 23L photoperiod. Between 16 and 18 weeks of age, equal numbers of turkeys per treatment group underwent ophthalmic examination (biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy) (n = 14), refractometry (n = 20), keratometry (n = 20), tonometry (n = 20), and full‐field electroretinography (ERG) (n = 14). Postmortem analyses included orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 10) and light microscopy (n = 24) at 18 weeks of age.ResultsAutorefraction revealed a median of −0.13 for sphere in both groups (P = 0.69), which is approximately emmetropia. The radius of curvature of the cornea was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) and the refractive power of the cornea was significantly lower (P = 0.0001) in the 23L group. The astigmatic power was significantly greater in the 23L group (P = 0.0001). Mean intraocular pressure did not differ between groups (P = 0.085). Turkeys from the 23L group had significantly larger globes in nasotemporal (P = 0.0007), dorsoventral (P = 0.015), and anterioposterior (P = 0.021) directions, and anterior chambers were more shallow (P = 0.0002). ERGs revealed the 23L group to have lower a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes and significantly lower cone flicker amplitudes (P = 0.0008). Light microscopic examination revealed 23L turkeys to have significantly decreased numbers of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer (P = 0.0001) and inner nuclear layer (P = 0.0186), and decreased choroidal thickness (P = 0.0008). The prevalence of cataract in the 23L group was significantly higher (P = 0.001).ConclusionsExposing turkeys to a prolonged photoperiod induces significant ocular disease.
Meta‐Analysis of the Effects of Adhesion Barriers on Adhesion Formation in the Horse
Authors: Munsterman Amelia S. , Kottwitz Jack J. , Reid Hanson R. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of adhesion barriers in horses using quantitative statistical analysis.Study DesignMeta‐analytical review.MethodsA search using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed, followed by secondary searches of veterinary trade journals, bibliographies of relevant articles, manufacturer websites, and technical reference guides. Randomized experimental trials in healthy horses were considered that included both a treatment and control group. The endpoint required was euthanasia or laparoscopy to identify adhesion formation. A meta‐analysis was performed using a random effects model, with the effect size calculated as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set atP<.05.ResultsOut of 354 peer reviewed publications that met the search criteria, a total of 9 relevant studies were identified and investigated the use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solutions, sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) membranes, hyaluronate (HA), and fucoidan solutions. The odds of adhesions in horses treated with an adhesion barrier were significantly lower than untreated controls (OR=0.102; 95% CI [0.041, 0.254];P<.001). When analyzed as subsets for each type of barrier, horses treated with HA/CMC membranes and CMC solutions had significant OR for fewer adhesions (OR=0.061; 95% CI [0.013, 0.292]; OR=0.119; 95% CI [0.034, 0.415], respectively;P<.001).ConclusionThe meta‐analysis demonstrated adhesion barriers provide a positive effect on the odds of adhesion formation. These results are tempered by the limitations of the study, including the small sample size and a bias towards publication of studies with only positive findings.
Ventral Midline Preputial Approach to the Caudal Abdomen in Male Dogs
Authors: Daniel Samson S. , Sardinas Juan C. , Montavon Pierre M. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo describe a ventral midline preputial approach to the caudal abdominal cavity of male dogs.Study DesignRetrospective clinical study.Sample PopulationClient‐owned dogs (n=12).MethodMedical records of dogs which underwent a ventral midline preputial approach to the caudal abdominal cavity were reviewed. The procedure, outcome, and complication were recorded.ResultsDogs underwent the preputial approach to the caudal abdominal cavity for various conditions. All dogs had an uneventful postoperative recovery and no major complications were recorded until suture removal at 10–14 days postoperative. Two dogs had minor complications treated conservatively which resolved.ConclusionThe use of ventral midline preputial approach is an option for access to the caudal abdomen. The approach preserves the protractor preputii muscles, obviates ligation of the branches of the caudal superficial epigastric vessels and eliminates the need for extensive subcutaneous dissection.
Thyroid hormone activation by type 2 deiodinase mediates exercise‐induced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α expression in skeletal muscle
Authors: Bocco Barbara M. L. C. , Louzada Ruy A. N. , Silvestre Diego H. S. , Santos Maria C. S. , Anne‐Palmer Elena , Rangel Igor F. , Abdalla Sherine , Ferreira Andrea C. , Ribeiro Miriam O. , Gereben Balázs , Carvalho Denise P. , Bianco Antonio C. , Werneck‐de‐Castro João P. 
Published: June 2016

Key points
In skeletal muscle, physical exercise and thyroid hormone mediate the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1a) expression that is crucial to skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
The expression of type 2 deiodinase (D2), which activates thyroid hormone in skeletal muscle is upregulated by acute treadmill exercise through a β‐adrenergic receptor‐dependent mechanism.
Pharmacological block of D2 or disruption of the Dio2 gene in skeletal muscle fibres impaired acute exercise‐induced PGC‐1a expression.
Dio2 disruption also impaired muscle PGC‐1a expression and mitochondrial citrate synthase activity in chronically exercised mice.
AbstractThyroid hormone promotes expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1a), which mediates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle (SKM). Skeletal myocytes express the type 2 deiodinase (D2), which generates 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3), the active thyroid hormone. To test whether D2‐generated T3 plays a role in exercise‐induced PGC‐1a expression, male rats and mice with SKM‐specific Dio2 inactivation (SKM‐D2KO or MYF5‐D2KO) were studied. An acute treadmill exercise session (20 min at 70–75% of maximal aerobic capacity) increased D2 expression/activity (1.5‐ to 2.7‐fold) as well as PGC‐1a mRNA levels (1.5‐ to 5‐fold) in rat soleus muscle and white gastrocnemius muscle and in mouse soleus muscle, which was prevented by pretreatment with 1 mg (100 g body weight)−1 propranolol or 6 mg (100 g body weight)−1 iopanoic acid (5.9‐ vs. 2.8‐fold; P < 0.05), which blocks D2 activity . In the SKM‐D2KO mice, acute treadmill exercise failed to induce PGC‐1a fully in soleus muscle (1.9‐ vs. 2.8‐fold; P < 0.05), and in primary SKM‐D2KO myocytes there was only a limited PGC‐1a response to 1 μm forskolin (2.2‐ vs. 1.3‐fold; P < 0.05). Chronic exercise training (6 weeks) increased soleus muscle PGC‐1a mRNA levels (∼25%) and the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase (∼20%). In contrast, PGC‐1a expression did not change and citrate synthase decreased by ∼30% in SKM‐D2KO mice. The soleus muscle PGC‐1a response to chronic exercise was also blunted in MYF5‐D2KO mice. In conclusion, acute treadmill exercise increases SKM D2 expression through a β‐adrenergic receptor‐dependent mechanism. The accelerated conversion of T4 to T3 within myocytes mediates part of the PGC‐1a induction by treadmill exercise and its downstream effects on mitochondrial function.
Completion of the Entire Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle in Vero Cells Derived from Monkey Kidney
Authors: Murayama Asako , Sugiyama Nao , Wakita Takaji , Kato Takanobu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
A hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell culture system incorporating the JFH-1 strain and the human hepatoma cell line HuH-7 enabled the production of infectious HCV particles. Several host factors were identified as essential for HCV replication. Supplementation of these factors in nonhepatic human cell lines enabled HCV replication and particle production. Vero cells established from monkey kidney are commonly used for the production of vaccines against a variety of viruses. In this study, we aimed to establish a novel Vero cell line to reconstruct the HCV life cycle. Unmodified Vero cells did not allow HCV infection or replication. The expression of microRNA 122 (miR-122), an essential factor for HCV replication, is notably low in Vero cells. Therefore, we supplemented Vero cells with miR-122 and found that HCV replication was enhanced. However, Vero cells that expressed miR-122 still did not allow HCV infection. We supplemented HCV receptor molecules and found that scavenger receptor class B type I (SRBI) was essential for HCV infection in Vero cells. The supplementation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a host factor important for virus production, enabled the production of infectious virus in Vero cells. Finally, we created a Vero cell line that expressed the essential factors miR-122, SRBI, and ApoE; the entire HCV life cycle, including infection, replication, and infectious virus production, was completed in these cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-122, SRBI, and ApoE were necessary and sufficient for the completion of the entire HCV life cycle in nonhuman, nonhepatic Vero cells.

IMPORTANCE
HCV is a major cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, and an effective prophylactic HCV vaccine is needed. For safety reasons, the current HCV cell culture system using HuH-7 cells, which was established from a hepatocellular carcinoma, is not suitable for the production of a vaccine against HCV. A robust HCV production system using non-cancer-derived cells is indispensable for this purpose. In this study, we wanted to establish a novel HCV cell culture system using Vero cells, which are widely used in the production of vaccines against different viruses. We identified the minimum essential host factors for the completion of the entire HCV life cycle in Vero cells to develop a novel HCV cell culture system. A cell culture system that uses Vero cells will be useful not only for HCV vaccine production but also for the further elucidation of the mechanisms of various HCV-host interactions.
Differing Efficacies of Lead Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates and Full-Length M Protein in Cutaneous and Invasive Disease Models
Authors: Rivera-Hernandez Tania , Pandey Manisha , Henningham Anna , Cole Jason , Choudhury Biswa , Cork Amanda J. , Gillen Christine M. , Ghaffar Khairunnisa Abdul , West Nicholas P. , Silvestri Guido , Good Michael F. , Moyle Peter M. , Toth Istvan , Nizet Victor , Batzloff Michael R. , Walker Mark J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Group A
Streptococcus
(GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for both superficial infections and invasive diseases. Autoimmune sequelae may occur upon repeated infection. For this reason, development of a vaccine against GAS represents a major challenge, since certain GAS components may trigger autoimmunity. We formulated three combination vaccines containing the following: (i) streptolysin O (SLO), interleukin 8 (IL-8) protease (
Streptococcus pyogenes
cell envelope proteinase [SpyCEP]), group A streptococcal C5a peptidase (SCPA), arginine deiminase (ADI), and trigger factor (TF); (ii) the conserved M-protein-derived J8 peptide conjugated to ADI; and (iii) group A carbohydrate lacking the
N
-acetylglucosamine side chain conjugated to ADI. We compared these combination vaccines to a “gold standard” for immunogenicity, full-length M1 protein. Vaccines were adjuvanted with alum, and mice were immunized on days 0, 21, and 28. On day 42, mice were challenged via cutaneous or subcutaneous routes. High-titer antigen-specific antibody responses with bactericidal activity were detected in mouse serum samples for all vaccine candidates. In comparison with sham-immunized mice, all vaccines afforded protection against cutaneous challenge. However, only full-length M1 protein provided protection in the subcutaneous invasive disease model.

IMPORTANCE
This set of experiments demonstrates the inherent variability of mouse models for the characterization of GAS vaccine candidate protective efficacy. Such variability poses an important challenge for GAS vaccine development, as advancement of candidates to human clinical trials requires strong evidence of efficacy. This study highlights the need for an open discussion within the field regarding standardization of animal models for GAS vaccine development.