bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major involvement of bacterial components in rheumatoid arthritis and its accompanying oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability
Authors: Pretorius Etheresia , Akeredolu Oore-Ofe , Soma Prashilla , Kell Douglas B 
Published: November 2016

We review the evidence that infectious agents, including those that become dormant within the host, have a major role to play in much of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis and the inflammation that is its hallmark. This occurs in particular because they can produce cross-reactive (auto-)antigens, as well as potent inflammagens such as lipopolysaccharide that can themselves catalyze further inflammagenesis, including via β-amyloid formation. A series of observables coexist in many chronic, inflammatory diseases as well as rheumatoid arthritis. They include iron dysregulation, hypercoagulability, anomalous morphologies of host erythrocytes, and microparticle formation. Iron dysregulation may be responsible for the periodic regrowth and resuscitation of the dormant bacteria, with concomitant inflammagen production. The present systems biology analysis benefits from the philosophical idea of “coherence,” that reflects the principle that if a series of ostensibly unrelated findings are brought together into a self-consistent narrative, that narrative is thereby strengthened. As such, we provide a coherent and testable narrative for the major involvement of (often dormant) bacteria in rheumatoid arthritis.Impact statementRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is accompanied by long-term inflammation that is mediated by cytokines and cross-reactive (auto-)antigens. Here we suggest one explanation is the presence of a (dormant) microbiome in RA that sheds the highly potent inflammagen, lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to catalyze inflammagenesis, including via β-amyloid formation. We discuss various co-existing features in RA, including iron dysregulation, hypercoagulability, anomalous morphologies of host erythrocytes, and microparticle formation. We review literature and provide coherent evidence that an aberrant blood microbiome in RA has a major involvement in the development, progression, and therefore over-all etiology of the disease.
Crystallization of nanostructured cobalt hydroxide carbonate at ambient conditions: a key precursor of Co3O4
Authors: González-López J. , Fernández-González Á. , Jiménez A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCrystals of Co2CO3(OH)2 have been synthesized under ambient conditions, in contrast to hydrothermal methods reported previously. We have developed a simple but efficient methodology to obtain an initial amorphous phase that evolves to a crystalline cobalt hydroxide carbonate after one week of maturation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that this phase crystallizes in the space group P21/a (a = 12.886(6), b = 9.346(3), c = 3.156(1) Å, β = 110.358(6)°). The platelet morphology of Co2CO3(OH)2 agrees with its lamellar crystal structure. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveals that each individual platelet is comprised of nanodomains disoriented with respect to their neighbours. The kinetics and the activation energy (Ea = 6.26 kJ mol–1) of the transformation process have been estimated using the rate constant method. The precipitation of solids leads to a decrease in the cobalt concentration in the solution (∼88%) reaching values of ∼150 ppm, which can be considered a successful reduction from the perspective of water quality. The calcination in air of the synthetized platelets produced exclusively Co3O4. The thermo-X-ray difraction results confirm that Co2CO3(OH)2 is transformed over a small range of temperatures (225–235°C) into pure Co3O4. HRTEM images show that the lamellar nanomorphology is preserved in the Co3O4 phase. Therefore, understanding the crystallization behaviour of Co2CO3(OH)2 can help to minimize environmental problems caused by cobalt pollution and may facilitate the management of methods to obtain phases with specific nanomorphologies used widely in material sciences.
The creation of neotypes for hydrotalcite
Authors: Mills Stuart J. , Christy Andrew G. , Schmitt Ralf T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo samples of hydrotalcite, probably worked on by Carl Christian Hochstetter, have been discovered in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin and given neotype status by the IMA CNMNC (proposal 15-J). The two samples from Snarum, Norway, have been reanalysed and give Mg5.84Al2.07Fe0.09(OH)16(CO3)1.08·4H2O and Mg5.75Al2.21Fe0.04(OH)16(CO3)1.12·4H2O. Both samples have a mix of the two polytypes 3R/2H in the ratio of 69.2/30.8 and 69.5/30.5%. A discussion of hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite-like phase occurrences in the literature is also presented.
The crystal structure of uytenbogaardtite, Ag3AuS2, and its relationships with gold and silver sulfides-selenides
Authors: Bindi Luca , Stanley Christopher J. , Seryotkin Yurii V. , Bakakin Vladimir V. , Pal'yanova Galina A. , Kokh Konstantin A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe crystal structure of the mineral uytenbogaardtite, a rare silver-gold sulfide, was solved using intensity data collected for a crystal from the type locality, the Comstock lode, Storey County, Nevada (USA). The study revealed that the structure is trigonal, space group R3̄c, with cell parametersa= 13.6952(5),c= 17.0912(8) Å andV= 2776.1(2) Å3. The refinement of an anisotropic model led to an R index of 0.0140 for 1099 independent reflections. The structure consists of a sub-lattice of sulfur atoms forming a distorted body-centred cubic arrangement. The structure contains distinct tri-atomic linear groups (S–Au–S) and Ag atoms bonded to four S atoms (from four different linear groups) in a distorted tetrahedral arrangement. On the basis of information gained from this characterization, uytenbogaardtite is here definitively proved to be structurally different from petzite, Ag3AuTe2and fischesserite, Ag3AuSe2. By use of high-quality single-crystal diffraction data, the symmetry of the mineral was found to be trigonal, and not tetragonal as erroneously supposed. A revaluation of the powder diffraction data listed in the scientific literature for uytenbogaardtite according to the structural results obtained here leads to an excellent agreement. Crystal-chemical features of uytenbogaardtite, Au2S, petrovskaite AgAuS, uytenbogaardtite–fischesserite series Ag3Au(S2–xSex) and acanthite–naummanite series Ag2(S1–xSex) are compared.
Isoferroplatinum-pyrrhotite-troilite intergrowth as evidence of desulfurization in the Merensky Reef at Rustenburg (western Bushveld Complex, South Africa)
Authors: Kawohl Alexander , Frimmel Hartwig E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPetrographic and mineralogical studies of samples of the Normal (or undisturbed) Merensky Reef from Frank Shaft No.1 at Rustenburg Platinum Mine revealed the presence of a Pt-Fe-alloy, probably isoferroplatinum (58 vol.% of total precious metal minerals), arsenides (21 vol.%), bismuthotellurides (10 vol.%), electrum (9 vol.%) and platinum group element- (PGE-) sulfides and stannides (2 vol.%), associated predominantly with base-metal- and iron-sulfides. A Pt-Fe-alloy-dominated facies has been known for considerable time from potholes and discordant bodies and has been attributed to fluid activity with high fO2and low fS2. Our petrographic results indicate that the normal thin reef has also undergone hydrothermal alteration. For the first time, the rare mineral troilite (stoichiometric FeS) was found as intergrowths with masses of Pt-Fe-alloy, together with Fe-rich pyrrhotite, secondary hydrous silicates, magnetite and calcite. The observed mineral assemblage and texture is interpreted as the product of partial desulfurization, caused by migrating S-undersaturated fluids, which led to the exsolution of Pt-Fe-alloy from pyrrhotite (Fex–1S) with the latter approaching a stoichiometric composition. Overall our new observations provide convincing support for the importance of metasomatism in the secondary modification of ore mineralogy and textures even in the undisturbed Merensky Reef.
Near-haploid and low-hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia: two distinct subtypes with consistently poor prognosis
Authors: Safavi Setareh , Paulsson Kajsa 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Hypodiploidy <40 chromosomes is an uncommon genetic feature of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in both children and adults. It has long been clear by cytogenetic analyses, and recently confirmed by mutational profiling, that these cases may be further subdivided into 2 subtypes: near-haploid ALL with 24 to 30 chromosomes and low-hypodiploid ALL with 31 to 39 chromosomes. Both groups are associated with a very poor prognosis, and these patients are among those who could benefit most from novel treatments.
Therapeutic efficacy of the platelet glycoprotein Ib antagonist anfibatide in murine models of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Zheng Liang , Mao Yingying , Abdelgawwad Mohammad S. , Kocher Nicole K. , Li Mandy , Dai Xiangrong , Li Benjamin , Zheng X. Long 
Published: November 2016

Key Points
Anfibatide potently inhibits platelet agglutination under static and arterial shear conditions. Anfibatide is efficacious in treating spontaneous or shigatoxin-induced murine models of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Therapy and outcomes of primary central nervous system lymphoma in the United States: analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Fallah Jaleh , Qunaj Lindor , Olszewski Adam J. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points
The proportion of PCNSL patients receiving chemotherapy increased, but remains 31% lower in community than in academic cancer programs. Estimated overall survival in PCNSL is 37.7% at 3 years and reaches 51.8% in the subgroup treated with multiagent chemotherapy.
The Origins of the Domestic Education: a Cultural-Historical Aspect
Authors: Шафажинская  , Shafazhinskaya Natalya 
Published: November 2016

Formation and development of domestic education, including
professional, is the long and difficult process caused by
influence of a number of factors of historical, socio-cultural, ideological
and political and economic nature. Within this article we
consider it expedient to analyze some tendencies of educational
culture during the era of the XVII — beginning of the XVIII century,
significant for the domestic pedagogical direction, which
predetermined further forming of the Russian national educational
system in integration of its educational, spiritual and moral,
training and professional components. Formation of system of
domestic professional education and spiritual and moral education
served as a prerequisite to further development and strengthening
of line items of the Russian state in the world community.
Functioning of Mentality in Society: Socio-Cultural Hypothesis
Authors: Губанов  , Gubanov N. , Губанов  , Gubanov Nikolay 
Published: November 2016

Category of mentality has additional heuristic capabilities
as compared to traditional categories of the mental life. Firstly, it
serves as an integral characteristic of the uniqueness of the man’s
mental world, and secondly, gives an understanding of the specific
type of perception of the world by the subject, thirdly, it explains
the distinct way of subject’s activity – his behavior, communication,
performance. Because the mentality determines the mode of activity
of a social group or an individual; the human activity orientation
and it’s specificity, so the mentality can be interpreted as a core for
the group and personal culture, also as a strategic cultural program
of the subject. One of the basic clashes of society has the form of
a contradiction between the mentality, containing new cultural
forms, and the social relations. In the course of the individual
cultural creativity development as a response to the multiple challenges
of history, new mental characteristics are generated in the
mentality of the intellectual elite representatives. They represent
innovative programs of human being activity – performance, behavior,
communication. The new mental characteristics spread in
society and become components of group mentalities. This accrued
contradiction between the mass mentality and the old social relations
generates a constructive tension; negotiation the tension
through the reproductive activity of subjects can establish the more
progressive social relations. Old elements of mentality, in turn,
inherent social inertia and conservatism. They can obstruct the new
social relations establishment. Therefore, mentality has the contradictory
nature, embodying the dual opposition of tradition and
innovation. In the same time mentality is a social progress stimulating
factor, and a factor that holds back excessively large and excessively
rapid social changes. There is a difference between the mentality
of the creators of innovative cultural meanings and the mentality
of the masses. In the mentality of the creators that make up
the intelligent elite of the society, the innovational component is
more intense than the traditional. In the mentality of the masses
is vice versa - the traditional component dominates over the innovational.
There are many driving motives of the society development:
changes in a way of material production, in the culture in
general and in education in particular, in engineering, in science.
But the most significant force, apparently, displays the changes in
mentality that generate new forms of reproductive activity of the
subject in the economic, political, social and mental spheres.
Program of Studying of Parenthood Motivation in Adolescence and Results of Its Approvals
Authors: Серебрякова  , Serebryakova T. , Князева  , Knyazeva E. 
Published: November 2016

This article presents the results of the pilot study, based
on the study of motivation parenting youth stage. As shown by
theoretical analysis of the work of psychologists in parenthood
psychology, motivation, parenting objective depends on purposeful
activity in the development of this phenomenon. Of particular
importance is the systematic activities for the establishment of
parenthood at the stage of adolescence, because it is at this age
level is observed intensification of the process of development of
all the structures of the person, including its motivation, as well as
value-orientation sphere. On the basis of the basic theoretical and
methodological ideas we have designed and implemented a research
program which not only confirmed the relevance of the development
of this problem in relation to the stage of youth, but also
objectively demonstrated the presence of significant differences in
the manifestation of the motivation of parenting in the early and
late periods of adolescence, as well as gender particular manifestations
of this phenomenon. In particular, our research has shown
that today´s young men and women to some extent, focused on the
family, the birth of children and the realization of their parental
roles. However, the development of a special developmental program
that takes into account the specifics of motivation in the stage of
parenthood early and late adolescence, as well as gender-specific
manifestations of it, will ensure a higher level of conscious younger
generation to do with their future children.
To the Question of the Typology of Students in the System of Cossack Education
Authors: Саунин  , Saunin K. 
Published: November 2016

The article examines the typology of students in the
Cossack education system. In this context, the article describes the
scope of value-orientation of the person, represents psychological
types of students in the context of value-orientation areas, identifies
psychological-pedagogical aspects of development of the personality
of students of general education of the Cossack organizations
in accordance with the Christian humanitarian paradigm.
Spina bifida: the personal and financial cost of incontinence
Authors: White Mary 
Published: November 2016

Care study Peter, the third of eight children, was born in 1960 to Bridget and Patrick, Irish immigrants. He was born with a myelomeningocele and was immediately transferred to the nearest major centre, some 30 miles away. The lesion was surgically closed soon after birth. The closure led to a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid which necessitated the insertion of an intravascular shunt to control the resulting hydrocephalus. Peter remained at the centre for some time while the assessment and initial treatment were carried out. It was within the first few days of life that the pattern of mismanagement commenced. His parents had no knowledge of the condition and were given scant advice at the time or, indeed, during Peter's childhood or adolescence.
Book review supplement
Authors: Lander William , Horner Maggie , Livescy Heather , Clarke Gwen , Littlejohn Lorainc , McGee Paula , Biley Francis C 
Published: November 2016

Caring for Older People: A Nurse's Guide Trauma Nursing from Resuscitation through Rehabilitation Health Promotion: Concepts and Practice Colour Guide to Holistic Oral Care: A Practical Approach The Return of the Mentor: Strategies for Workplace Learning The User's Guide to Intermittent Catheterisation Analysis and Evaluation of Nursing Theories
Immediate Rule-Out of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Electrocardiogram and Baseline High-Sensitivity Troponin I
Authors: Neumann Johannes Tobias , Sörensen Nils Arne , Ojeda Francisco , Schwemer Tjark , Lehmacher Jonas , Gönner Saskia , Jarsetz Nikolas , Keller Till , Schaefer Sarina , Renné Thomas , Landmesser Ulf , Clemmensen Peter , Makarova Nataliya , Schnabel Renate B , Zeller Tanja , Karakas Mahir , Pickering John W , Than Martin , Parsonage William , Greenslade Jaimi , Cullen Louise , Westermann Dirk , Blankenberg Stefan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

AIMS
Serial measurements of high-sensitivity troponin are used to rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with an assay specific cutoff at the 99th percentile. Here, we evaluated the performance of a single admission troponin with a lower cutoff combined with a low risk electrocardiogram (ECG) to rule out AMI.

METHODS
Troponin I measured with a high-sensitivity assay (hs-TnI) was determined at admission in 1040 patients presenting with suspected AMI (BACC study). To rule out AMI we calculated the negative predictive value (NPV) utilizing the optimal hs-TnI cutoff combined with a low risk ECG. The results were validated in 3566 patients with suspected AMI [2-h Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol to Assess Patients With Chest Pain Symptoms Using Contemporary Troponins as the Only Biomarker (ADAPT) studies]. Patients were followed for 6 or 12 months.

RESULTS
184 of all patients were diagnosed with AMI. An hs-TnI cutoff of 3 ng/L resulted in a NPV of 99.3% (CI 97.3–100.0), ruling out 35% of all non-AMI patients. Adding the information of a low risk ECG resulted in a 100% (CI 97.5–100.0) NPV (28% ruled out). The 2 validation cohorts replicated the high NPV of this approach. The follow-up mortality in the ruled out population was low (0 deaths in BACC and Stenocardia, 1 death in ADAPT).

CONCLUSIONS
A single hs-TnI measurement on admission combined with a low risk ECG appears to rule out AMI safely without need for serial troponin testing. Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02355457).
Experimental media policy
Authors: Herzog Christian , Beck Hanno 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Experiments are part of the methodological toolkit in empirical political, economic and social science research. However, perhaps surprisingly, there is very little elaboration on the use and potential of experiments for media and communications policy, an issue addressed in this article. To float the idea we introduce some basic features of experiments and experimental approaches. Subsequently, five models of broadcasting organization that differ in their level of market proximity are introduced. Building upon these models, the article develops one suggestion for a quasi-experiment that starts from the hypothesis that the attitude towards PSM organizations can be positively changed when licence-fee contributors have ex ante control over certain programme-making decisions. The experiment would involve allocating a small proportion of licence-fee funds, over a predetermined period, to a newly designed participatory and transparent programme-making scheme. Eventually it could test whether such policy measures are deemed right to positively affect individual attitudes towards PSM organizations. Finally, the article calls for the more systematic inclusion of experimental research designs into media policy scholarship, making a case for experimental media policy as a sub-discipline in its own right.
Zuverlässige und sichere Software offener Automatisierungssysteme der Zukunft – Herausforderungen und Lösungswege
Authors: Keller Hubert B. , Schneider Oliver , Matthes Jörg , Hagenmeyer Veit 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
In der modernen Automatisierung ist die Zuverlässigkeit der Software grundlegend und durch konstruktive Maßnahmen
zu sichern. Echtzeitsysteme müssen über Schedulingverfahren auf Basis des Prozesskonzepts der
Automatisierungstechnik beweisbar die zeitlichen Anforderungen im worst case erfüllen. Fehlervermeidende Sprachen mit
Typprüfungen sind notwendig für die Erfüllung der Zuverlässigkeit. Die Anforderungen der
Informationssicherheit sind in offenen Automatisierungssystemen integrativ zu erfüllen. Schwachstellen in der
Implementierung oder den additiven Sicherheitsmechanismen stellen eine inakzeptable Gefährdung
dar.
Nullsubjekte im Mittelniederdeutschen
Authors: Farasyn Melissa , Breitbarth Anne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn spite of growing interest in recent years, the syntax of Middle Low German (MLG) remains an extremely underresearched area. In light of recent research showing early North West Germanic languages to be partial null subject languages (Axel 2005; Walkden 2014; Kinn 2016; Volodina/Weiß 2016), the question arises where MLG is positioned in this respect. The present article presents novel data showing that MLG had referential null subjects (RNS) and can be classified as a partial null subject language. Based on a quantitative and qualitative corpus analysis of their syntactic distribution, we argue that two types of RNS must be distinguished in MLG, null topics in SpecCP and null clitics on C.
Gefühle gestalten
Authors: Schnell Rüdiger 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The emotions of novel characters are first of all linguistic artworks. The establishing of these pieces of art is an aesthetic process that must be subordinated to the overall concept of a novel. This concept doesn’t evolve from the represented emotions (histoire), but rather from the representation of emotions (discours). That’s why the telling of emotions constitutes the primary object of the present study. In order to achieve certain effects, this telling of emotions makes use of narrative techniques, rhetorical devices, linguistic peculiarities, moral norms and receptive-aesthetic strategies. The functions of the representations of emotions prevent the presented emotions from being considered as reflections of commonplace emotions or from being offset against emotional theoretical positions. How­ever, the literary findings turn out – at least partially – as compatible with cultural studies.