bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions to Receiving a Gift—Maternal Scaffolding and Cultural Learning in Berlin and Delhi
Authors: Kärtner Joscha , Crafa Daina , Chaudhary Nandita , Keller Heidi 
Published: May 2016

This study shows how Berlin (n = 35) and Delhi (n = 28) mothers scaffold a common and highly scripted social situation, namely gift giving, and enable cultural learning in 19‐month‐olds. Using modeling and prompting to encourage appropriate responses, mothers took culture‐specific directions during scaffolding that were in line with the broader cultural model as assessed by maternal socialization goals (SGs). Whereas Berlin mothers prioritized autonomous SGs, Delhi mothers emphasized autonomous and relational SGs to similar degrees. During scaffolding, Berlin mothers focused on maximizing positive affect and acknowledging the gift, whereas Delhi mothers prompted toddlers to acknowledge the giver more often. Furthermore, there were differences in toddlers' behavior in line with these culture‐specific scripts guiding gift giving.
Stability and Crestal Bone Behavior Following Simultaneous Placement of Multiple Dental Implants (Two or More) with the Bone Splitting Technique: A Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation
Authors: Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Ramírez Fernández Maria Piedad , Shibli Jamil Awad , Rossetti Paulo Henrique Orlato , Calvo Guirado José Luis 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeThe present study aimed to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at three different time points after surgical procedures and crestal bone behavior in multiple implants (two or more) installed simultaneously with the bone splitting technique.Materials and MethodsFor this study, 45 patients with different edentulous areas in the maxilla were selected, and a total of 114 dental implants were installed. Implant stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis immediately following implant placement to assess immediate stability (time 1) and stability at 90 days (time 2), and 150 days (time 3). Crestal bone height was measured in peri‐apical radiographs at 90 and 150 days after implantation in relation to each implant shoulder, given that the implants were installed at the level of the crestal bone.ResultsSix implants were not osseointegrated. Overall, the means and standard deviations of the ISQ values were 60.3 ± 4.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 44–69) at baseline, 66.6 ± 5.28 (95% CI, 49–75) at 90 days, and 72.1 ± 4.28 (95% CI, 59–79) at 150 days (p < 0.0001). The mean marginal bone loss of the implants was 1.11 ± 0.61 mm on the mesial side and 1.17 ± 0.61 mm on the distal side at time 2, and 1.73 ± 0.68 mm on the mesial side and 1.79 ± 0.70 mm on the distal side at time 3. A strong positive correlation between implant stability and bone loss was detected (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, the bone splitting technique with simultaneous implant installation exhibited a good success rate with respect to the osseointegration index but requires attention with respect to crestal bone behavior.
Protective behavioural strategies while drinking: do they protect against sexual victimisation and is this protection gendered?
Authors: Daigle Leah E. , Johnson Lee M. , Napper Sarah L. , Azimi Andia M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlthough alcohol use has been linked to sexual victimisation among college students , the specific ways in which college students may be able to avoid the negative consequences of excessive drinking as they relate to sexual victimisation have not been fully explored. This study examines whether using protective behavioural strategies attenuates the risk of sexual victimisation for both male and female college students and whether this relationship is moderated by alcohol use.Design and MethodData were obtained from the Fall 2012 National College Health Assessment Survey. This survey is conducted on college campuses across the USA and institutions that self‐selected to participate in the survey. The sample used in the study includes 19 881 students (male and female) across 51 schools.ResultsFindings indicate that although women are more likely to use protective behavioural strategies, these strategies work to reduce the likelihood of experiencing sexual victimisation for both sexes among those who are high‐frequency drinkers.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study suggests that the frequency of alcohol use is important when considering the risk of sexual victimisation among college students, and protective behavioural strategies can help reduce this risk among frequent drinkers. [Daigle LE, Johnson LM, Napper SL, Azimi AM. Protective behavioural strategies while drinking: do they protect against sexual victimisation and is this protection gendered?. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:573–579]
In vitro assessment of the tooth staining potential of endodontic materials in a bovine tooth model
Authors: Dettwiler Christian A. , Walter Mirella , Zaugg Lucia K. , Lenherr Patrik , Weiger Roland , Krastl Gabriel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatized teeth requiring endodontic intervention may discolor as a result of the treatment performed. Thus, the aim was to investigate the discoloration potential of different endodontic cements, dressings, and irrigants used in dental traumatology.Materials and methodsCylindrical cavities were prepared in 330 bovine enamel–dentine blocks (10 × 10 × 3.5 mm), leaving 2 mm of enamel and dentine on the labial side. The specimens were randomly assigned to 22 groups (n = 15). The cavities were filled with a range of endodontic materials, sealed with composite and stored in physiological saline. The color of the labial enamel surface was measured with a spectrophotometer at 7 time intervals: before (T0) and after the placement of the test material (T1 = baseline), after 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), 3 months (T4), 6 months (T5), and 12 months (T6). The color difference values (ΔE) were calculated and further analyzed by anova and the Tukey–Kramer post hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsAfter 12 months, significant staining was observed among the endodontic cements only in the Portland cement group with additional bismuth oxide (H‐MED PC BiOx; ΔE 22.2). Specimens with other commercially available calcium silicate cements containing bismuth oxide were not significantly discolored. All specimens with endodontic dressings and irrigants were color stable except the tested triple antibiotic paste (M‐TreVitaMix; ΔE 14.9) and the double antibiotic paste (N‐BiMix; ΔE 14.9). Both mixtures did not contain tetracycline derivatives.ConclusionsThe presence of bismuth oxide in calcium silicate cements was not shown to be a reliable predictor for tooth discoloration. Antibiotic pastes without tetracycline derivatives do not guarantee the color stability of teeth.
Reliance of brown trout on terrestrial prey varies with season but not fish density
Authors: Milardi Marco , Thomas Stephen M. , Kahilainen Kimmo K. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe importance of terrestrial carbon in aquatic ecosystems is widely recognised, but patterns of terrestrial reliance can be variable. Fish often act as important links between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, but little is known about how resource seasonality and fish density influence fish reliance on terrestrial energy in lakes.We sampled a high‐latitude subarctic lake in Finnish Lapland during the open‐water season over three consecutive years to assess both patterns of terrestrial reliance and trophic niche structure of introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta), the only resident fish species. The small size of the study lake made it possible to sample the whole population by conducting a complete fish removal, allowing for a direct assessment of size structure and changes in brown trout density over time.We hypothesised that annual and seasonal shifts in the dietary niches of brown trout would directly track the availability of pulsed resources such as aquatic and terrestrial insects as well as rodents. We further expected that dietary niche shifts would be correlated with population density, leading to a smaller trophic niche size at lower densities. We therefore investigated the annual and seasonal patterns of resource use using measures of dietary niche and in particular of terrestrial reliance, derived from stomach content analysis and stable‐isotope analyses (SIA) of liver and muscle, along a temporal gradient of declining fish density.According to stomach content, terrestrial reliance in brown trout was the highest in each year at mid‐to‐late summer, evidently following the peak abundance of terrestrial invertebrates and rodents. Surprisingly, we could not detect annual or seasonal shifts in terrestrial reliance from estimates provided by isotope ratios in muscle or liver. Furthermore, fish density did not appear to influence either terrestrial reliance or trophic niche size. However, trophic position derived fromSIAof liver tissue decreased with decreasing densities, while fish condition increased.Large, consistent pulses of terrestrial invertebrates in mid‐summer (or rodents during their peak years) are likely important for brown trout in the long term and could explain the lack of density‐dependent correlation in terrestrial reliance. However, further studies are needed to link the abundance of pulsed resources to resource use by fish across wider gradients of lake size, productivity and fish density.
Comparison of the compact dry TC method with the standard method ISO 21149:2006 for determining aerobic colony counts in cosmetic emulsion
Authors: De Vaugelade S. , Aime M. , Farcette N. , Maurel E. , Lacour T. , Thomas C. , Bouchonnet S. , Pirnay S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveCompact Dry TC, a rapid method kit for determining aerobic colony counts, has been developed by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co. for food application. These plates are pre‐sterilized and contain culture medium, a cold‐soluble gelling agent and a colour redox indicator for rapid enumeration. In this study, the alternative method is compared with the standard method ISO 21149:2006 – Cosmetic – Microbiology – Enumeration and detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, for cosmetic emulsions application.MethodsAn oil‐in‐water (o/w) cosmetic emulsion was contaminated with a pool of bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027). One millilitre of samples was spread on agar as described in ISO 21149. The colonies were enumerated after 3 days of incubation. At the same time, 1.2 mL samples were spread on Compact Dry TC kits. The kit was incubated at 35°C ± 1°C for 48 h, and the colonies were enumerated.Accuracy determination was carried out using six replicates at four levels of concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 250 CFU mL−1). The repeatability study was carried out using 12 replicates at four levels of concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 250 CFU mL−1). Variations relative to the analyst and to the batch of emulsion have been investigated.ResultsThe linear correlation coefficients of Compact Dry TC Kit enumeration with standard method ISO 21149:2006 was 0.9999. In comparison study, no apparent differences were noted between the Compact Dry TC kit and the reference method ISO 21149, for the detection level of aerobic microorganisms. Relative accuracy, repeatability and intermediate precision studies were acceptable.In the repeatability study, the Shapiro‐Wilk test has confirmed the normally distribution of the twelve assays. No significant variations in Compact Dry TC count results were observed with different analysts and different batches of emulsion.ConclusionThe results showed that the two compared methods ‘Compact Dry TC’ vs. ‘conventional pour plate’ performed equally well. Demonstration was achieved that the Compact Dry TC method may constitute a useful alternative tool for rapid enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in cosmetic emulsions.
The patient–physician interaction as a meeting of experts: one solution to the problem of patient non‐adherence
Authors: Yelovich Mary‐Clair 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPatient non‐adherence is a common and important concern in clinical medicine. Some cases of patient non‐adherence are cases in which the patient disagrees with the physician's recommended treatment based on particular reasons. Drawing upon science and technology studies literature, specifically the discussion by Collins and Evans and Wynne of how best to understand scientific controversies, I relate their ideas to the analogous conflict that may occur within a clinical interaction. I draw upon their recognition of the importance of contributory expertise and interactional expertise in providing legitimate knowledge. I also draw upon Wynne's idea of the ‘negotiation of meanings’ as an important element of the clinical interaction. To resolve potential conflicts between patient and physician before they develop into ‘non‐adherence’, I propose the implementation of a new epistemological framework that recognizes legitimate knowledge offered by the patient as well as the physician. By situating this patient expertise framework within the paradigm of patient‐centred medicine, and by assuming the goal of medical treatment to be treatment of suffering, patient expertise becomes centralized as a means of determining the nature of patient suffering. Two aspects of the patient's tacit knowledge – the body aspect and the meaning aspect – both of which are context‐dependent and directly accessible only to the patient, are thus recognized as knowledge essential to the success of the interaction. The physician's role becomes that of both medical expert and possessor of ‘interactional expertise’, by which the physician recognizes and includes patient expertise in the treatment decision. By recognizing and incorporating the negotiation of meanings into the development of a treatment plan, this epistemological model of patient expertise should prevent cases of non‐adherence based on disagreement.
Chronic kidney disease in European patients with obstructive sleep apnea: the ESADA cohort study
Authors: Marrone Oreste , Battaglia Salvatore , Steiropoulos Paschalis , Basoglu Ozen K. , Kvamme John A. , Ryan Silke , Pepin Jean‐Louis , Verbraecken Johan , Grote Ludger , Hedner Jan , Bonsignore Maria R. ,   the ESADA study group
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe cross‐sectional relationship of obstructive sleep apnea with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL min−1∙1.73 m−2, was investigated in a large cohort of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea studied by nocturnal polysomnography or cardiorespiratory polygraphy. Data were obtained from the European Sleep Apnea Database, where information from unselected adult patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea afferent to 26 European sleep centres had been prospectively collected. Both the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and the Chronic Kidney Disease‐Epidemiology Collaboration equations were used for the assessment of estimated glomerular filtration rate. The analysed sample included 7700 subjects, 71% male, aged 51.9 ± 12.5 years. Severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥30) was found in 34% of subjects. The lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation was 81 ± 10.2%. Chronic kidney disease prevalence in the whole sample was 8.7% or 6.1%, according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease or the Chronic Kidney Disease‐Epidemiology Collaboration equations, respectively. Subjects with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate were older, more obese, more often female, had worse obstructive sleep apnea and more co‐morbidities (P < 0.001, each). With both equations, independent predictors of estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 were: chronic heart failure; female gender; systemic hypertension; older age; higher body mass index; and worse lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation. It was concluded that in obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease is largely predicted by co‐morbidities and anthropometric characteristics. In addition, severe nocturnal hypoxaemia, even for only a small part of the night, may play an important role as a risk factor for kidney dysfunction.
National survey on concepts for congenital hypothyroidism screening in neonatal intensive care units in Japan
Authors: Uchiyama Atsushi , Sugihara Sigetaka , Kusuda Satoshi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a revised version of the Guidelines for Mass Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) was published in Japan, but it is not known whether the guidelines are used routinely in neonatal intensive care units (NICU).MethodsTo clarify the current status and issues of newborn screening (NBS) for CH in Japanese NICU, we sent a questionnaire by mail or email to neonatologists responsible for 100 tertiary NICU in Japan, and analyzed their responses.ResultsThe response rate was 92% (92/100). Among respondents, 65% (59/91) performed thyroid function testing separately from NBS for CH. Within this group, 63% (37/59) applied criteria, mostly for very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants (25/37). Only 29% of respondents (26/90), however, used criteria to select VLBW infants for treatment. Furthermore, criteria differed in each NICU. Fifty‐seven percent of respondents (50/87) reported issues regarding NBS for CH in NICU, which fell into three main areas: establishment of a clear method for the management of VLBW infants; necessity of simultaneous measurement of thyroid‐stimulating hormone and free thyroxine; and overlapping blood collection for NBS and thyroid function tests.ConclusionsTwo‐thirds of tertiary NICU performed thyroid function testing separately from NBS for CH. Approximately 60% of neonatologists responded that current NBS for CH had ongoing issues. Further research is needed to establish the optimal NBS protocol for CH in NICU in Japan.
An Extended Single‐index Model with Missing Response at Random
Authors: Wang Qihua , Zhang Tao , Härdle Wolfgang Karl 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn extended single‐index model is considered when responses are missing at random. A three‐step estimation procedure is developed to define an estimator for the single‐index parameter vector by a joint estimating equation. The proposed estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal. An algorithm for computing this estimator is proposed. This algorithm only involves one‐dimensional nonparametric smoothers, thereby avoiding the data sparsity problem caused by high model dimensionality. Some simulation studies are conducted to investigate the finite sample performances of the proposed estimators.
Quantifying Neuromuscular Fatigue Induced by an Intense Training Session in Rugby Sevens
Authors: Marrier Bruno , Le Meur Yann , Robineau Julien , Lacome Mathieu , Couderc Anthony , Hausswirth Christophe , Piscione Julien , Morin Jean-Benoît 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To compare the sensitivity of a sprint vs a countermovement-jump (CMJ) test after an intense training session in international rugby sevens players, as well as analyze the effects of fatigue on sprint acceleration.Methods:Thirteen international rugby sevens players completed two 30-m sprints and a set of 4 repetitions of CMJ before and after a highly demanding rugby sevens training session.Results:Change in CMJ height was unclear (–3.6%; ±90% confidence limits 11.9%. Chances of a true positive/trivial/negative change: 24/10/66%), while a very likely small increase in 30-m sprint time was observed (1.0%; ±0.7%, 96/3/1%). A very likely small decrease in the maximum horizontal theoretical velocity (V0) (–2.4; ±1.8%, 1/4/95%) was observed. A very large correlation (r = –.79 ± .23) between the variations of V0 and 30-m-sprint performance was also observed. Changes in 30-m sprint time were negatively and very largely correlated with the distance covered above the maximal aerobic speed (r = –.71 ± .32).Conclusions:The CMJ test appears to be less sensitive than the sprint test, which casts doubts on the usefulness of a vertical-jump test in sports such as rugby that mainly involve horizontal motions. The decline in sprint performance relates more to a decrease in velocity than in force capability and is correlated with the distance covered at high intensity.
A Herpesviral Lytic Protein Regulates the Structure of Latent Viral Chromatin
Authors: Raja Priya , Lee Jennifer S. , Pan Dongli , Pesola Jean M. , Coen Donald M. , Knipe David M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Latent infections by viruses usually involve minimizing viral protein expression so that the host immune system cannot recognize the infected cell through the viral peptides presented on its cell surface. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), for example, is thought to express noncoding RNAs such as latency-associated transcripts (LATs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as the only abundant viral gene products during latent infection. Here we describe analysis of HSV-1 mutant viruses, providing strong genetic evidence that HSV-infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) is expressed during establishment and/or maintenance of latent infection in murine sensory neurons
in vivo
. Studies of an
ICP0
nonsense mutant virus showed that ICP0 promotes heterochromatin and latent and lytic transcription, arguing that ICP0 is expressed and functional. We propose that ICP0 promotes transcription of LATs during establishment or maintenance of HSV latent infection, much as it promotes lytic gene transcription. This report introduces the new concept that a lytic viral protein can be expressed during latent infection and can serve dual roles to regulate viral chromatin to optimize latent infection in addition to its role in epigenetic regulation during lytic infection. An additional implication of the results is that ICP0 might serve as a target for an antiviral therapeutic acting on lytic and latent infections.

IMPORTANCE
Latent infection by viruses usually involves minimizing viral protein synthesis so that the host immune system cannot recognize the infected cells and eliminate them. Herpes simplex virus has been thought to express only noncoding RNAs as abundant gene products during latency. In this study, we found genetic evidence that an HSV lytic protein is functional during latent infection, and this protein may provide a new target for antivirals that target both lytic and latent infections.
Fungal Infections Associated with Contaminated Steroid Injections
Authors: Kauffman Carol A. , Malani Anurag N. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

In mid-September 2012, the largest healthcare-associated outbreak in U.S. history began. Before it was over, 751 patients were reported with fungal meningitis, stroke, spinal or paraspinal infection, or peripheral osteoarticular infection, and 64 (8.5%) died. Most patients had undergone epidural injection, and a few osteoarticular injection, of methylprednisolone acetate that had been manufactured at the New England Compounding Center (NECC). The offending pathogen in most cases was
Exserohilum rostratum
, a brown-black soil organism that previously was a rare cause of human infection. Three lots of methylprednisolone were contaminated with mold at NECC; the mold from unopened bottles of methylprednisolone was identical by whole-genome sequencing to the mold that was isolated from ill patients. Early cases manifested as meningitis, some patients suffered posterior circulation strokes, and later cases were more likely to present with localized infection at the injection site, including epidural abscess or phlegmon, vertebral diskitis or osteomyelitis, and arachnoiditis with intradural involvement of nerve roots. Many patients with spinal or paraspinal infection required surgical intervention. Recommendations for treatment evolved over the first few weeks of the outbreak. Initially, combination therapy with liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole was recommended for all patients; later, combination therapy was recommended only for those who were most ill, and voriconazole monotherapy was recommended for most patients. Among those patients who continued antifungal therapy for at least 6 months, outcomes for most appeared to be successful, although a few patients remain on therapy.