bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic patterning of long-term diabetes mellitus control following Japan's 3.11 triple disaster: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leppold Claire , Tsubokura Masaharu , Ozaki Akihiko , Nomura Shuhei , Shimada Yuki , Morita Tomohiro , Ochi Sae , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Kami Masahiro , Kanazawa Yukio , Oikawa Tomoyoshi , Hill Sarah 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the sociodemographic patterning of changes in glycaemic control of patients with diabetes affected by the 2011 triple disaster in Japan (earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accident).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken with 404 patients with diabetes at a public hospital in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured in 2010, 2011 and 2012 to capture changes in glycaemic control postdisaster. Age, sex, urban/rural residency, evacuation status and medication use were also assessed.ResultsThere was an overall deterioration in glycaemic control after the disaster, with the mean HbA1c rising from 6.77% in 2010 to 6.90% in 2012 (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, NGSP). Rural residency was associated with a lower likelihood of deteriorating control (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.84), compared with urban residency. Older age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) was also slightly protective against increased HbA1c. Evacuation and sex were not significant predictors.ConclusionsPatients with diabetes who were affected by Japan's triple disaster experienced a deterioration in their glycaemic control following the disasters. The extent of this deterioration was mediated by sociodemographic factors, with rural residence and older age protective against the effects of the disaster on glycaemic control. These results may be indicative of underlying social determinants of health in rural Japan.
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing aqueous with alcoholic chlorhexidine antisepsis for the prevention of superficial surgical site infection after minor surgery in general practice: the AVALANCHE trial
Authors: Heal C F , Charles D , Hardy A , Delpachitra M , Banks J , Wohlfahrt M , Saednia Sabine , Buettner P 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionSurgical site infection (SSI) after minor skin excisions has a significant impact on patient morbidity and healthcare resources. Skin antisepsis prior to surgical incision is used to prevent SSI, and is performed routinely worldwide. However, in spite of the routine use of skin antisepsis, there is no consensus regarding which antiseptic agents are most effective. The AVALANCHE trial will compare Aqueous Versus Alcoholic Antisepsis with Chlorhexidine for Skin Excisions.Methods and analysisThe study design is a prospective, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with the aim of investigating the impact of two different antiseptic preparations on the incidence of superficial SSI in patients undergoing minor skin excisions. The intervention of 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in 70% alcohol will be compared with that of 0.5% CHG in aqueous solution. The trial will be conducted in four Australian general practices over a 9-month period, with 920 participants to be recruited. Consecutive patients presenting for minor skin excisions will be eligible to participate. Randomisation will be on the level of the patient. The primary outcome is superficial SSI in the first 30 days following the excision. Secondary outcomes will be adverse effects, including anaphylaxis, skin irritation, contact dermatitis and rash and patterns of antibiotic resistance.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the James Cook University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). Findings will be disseminated in conference presentations and journals and through online electronic media.DiscussionRCTs conducted in general practice differ from hospital-based projects in terms of feasibility, pragmatism and funding. The success of this trial will be cemented in the fact that the research question was established by a group of general practitioners who identified an interesting question which is relevant to their clinical practice and not answered by current evidence.Trial registration numberACTRN12615001045505; Pre-results.
Mood disturbance and depression in Arab women following hospitalisation from acute cardiac conditions: a cross-sectional study from Qatar
Authors: Donnelly Tam Truong , Al Suwaidi Jassim Mohd , Al-Qahtani Awad , Asaad Nidal , Fung Tak , Singh Rajvir , Qader Najlaa Abdul 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesDepression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates among cardiovascular patients. Depressed patients have three times higher risk of death than those who are not. We sought to determine the presence of depressive symptoms, and whether gender and age are associated with depression among Arab patients hospitalised with cardiac conditions in a Middle Eastern country.SettingUsing a non-probability convenient sampling technique, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1000 Arab patients ≥20 years who were admitted to cardiology units between 2013 and 2014 at the Heart Hospital in Qatar. Patients were interviewed 3 days after admission following the cardiac event. Surveys included demographic and clinical characteristics, and the Arabic version of the Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II). Depression was assessed by BDI-II clinical classification scale.Results15% of the patients had mild mood disturbance and 5% had symptoms of clinical depression. Twice as many females than males suffered from mild mood disturbance and clinical depression symptoms, the majority of females were in the age group 50 years and above, whereas males were in the age group 40–49 years. χ2Tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that gender and age were statistically significantly related to depression (p<0.001 for all).ConclusionsOlder Arab women are more likely to develop mood disturbance and depression after being hospitalised with acute cardiac condition. Gender and age differences approach, and routine screening for depression should be conducted with all cardiovascular patients, especially for females in the older age groups. Mental health counselling should be available for all cardiovascular patients who exhibit depressive symptoms.
Epidemiological impact of achieving UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets for HIV care in India: a modelling study
Authors: Maddali Manoj V , Gupta Amita , Shah Maunank 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveRecent UNAIDS ‘90-90-90’ targets propose that to end the HIV epidemic by 2030, 90% of persons living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide should know their diagnosis, 90% of diagnosed PLWH should be on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 90% of PLWH on ART should be virally suppressed by 2020. We sought to quantify the epidemiological impact of achieving these targets in India.MethodsWe constructed a dynamic-transmission model of the Indian HIV epidemic to project HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths that would occur in India over 15 years. We considered several scenarios: continuation of current care engagement (with early ART initiation), achieving 90-90-90 targets on time and delaying achievement by 5 or 10 years.ResultsIn the base case, assuming continuation of current care engagement, we project 794 000 (95% uncertainty range (UR) 571 000–1 104 000) HIV infections and 689 000 (95% UR 468 000–976 000) AIDS-related deaths in India over 15 years. In this scenario, nearly half of PLWH diagnosed would fail to achieve viral suppression by 2030. With achievement of 90-90-90 targets, India could avert 392 000 (95% UR 248 000–559 000) transmissions (48% reduction) and 414 000 (95% UR 260 000–598 000) AIDS-related deaths (59% reduction) compared to the base-case scenario. Furthermore, fewer than 20 000 (95% UR 12 000–30 000) HIV infections would occur in 2030. Delaying achievement of targets resulted in a similar reduction in HIV incidence by 2030 but at the cost of excess overall infections and mortality.ConclusionsIndia can halve the epidemiological burden of HIV over 15 years with achievement of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Reaching the targets on time will require comprehensive healthcare strengthening, especially in early diagnosis and treatment, expanded access to second-line and third-line ART and long-term retention in care.
Single thyroid tumour showing multiple differentiated morphological patterns and intramorphological molecular genetic heterogeneity
Authors: Schopper Heather K , Stence Aaron , Ma Deqin , Pagedar Nitin A , Robinson Robert A 
Published: July 2016

AimsA 49-year-old man presented with a single thyroid tumour that showed a combination of conventional papillary carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, clear cell papillary carcinoma, columnar cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma. As all of the morphologies have been associated with papillary carcinoma in the literature, we wished to determine if they contained identical or different molecular abnormalities.MethodsTargeted next generation sequencing (NGS) of each morphological component and metastases was performed.ResultsNGS revealed aBRAFp.K601E mutation in both the clear cell papillary carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma and aKRASp.G12R mutation in the papillary carcinoma, follicular variant. Two different areas of columnar cell variant were tested, with one showing aKRASp.G12D mutation but no mutation in the other area.AKRASp.G12R mutation was seen in the metastatic clear cell variant. Two different lymph nodes had metastatic columnar cell carcinoma, one negative for mutations but the other with a compoundKRASp.G12R andKRASp.G12V mutation on different alleles. No mutations includingBRAFandKRASwere seen in the conventional papillary carcinoma.ConclusionsAlthough all of the morphological patterns in this tumour have been reported as having aetiological or other association with one another, there was only partial concordance with their molecular signatures. There was significant molecular discordance, however, even with identical morphologies.
Effect of Losartan and Spironolactone on Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Srivastava Anand , Adams-Huet Beverley , Vega Gloria L , Toto Robert D 
Published: July 2016

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can improve dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes and albuminuria. Whether combined ACEi+ARB or ACEi+mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improves dyslipidemia is not known. We hypothesized long-term administration of either losartan 100 mg or spironolactone 25 mg once daily added onto lisinopril 80 mg once daily would improve dyslipidemia in diabetic nephropathy (DN). We measured lipid levels, very-low-density (V), intermediate-density (I), low-density (LDL), high-density (HDL) lipoprotein, LDL particle size with their respective cholesterol (C) and apolipoprotein B levels (ApoB), and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) at 12-week interval during a 48-week randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 81 patients with DN. Plasma lipids and lipoprotein C were analyzed enzymatically and Apo B was determined chemically. Data were analyzed by mixed model repeated measures. ΔUACR differed among treatment arms (placebo −24.6%, los −38.2%, spiro −51.6%, p=0.02). No correlation existed between ΔUACR and ΔTG or any of the lipid or lipoprotein measurements. Compared with placebo losartan, but not spironolactone, decreased TG (−20.9% vs +34.3%, p<0.01), V+I C(−18.8% vs +21.3%, p<0.01), and V+I-ApoB (−13.2% vs +21%, p<0.01). There were no significant changes in body weight, HbA1c or other lipoprotein variables. We conclude losartan improves dyslipidemia in patients with DN. We speculate the mechanism improved clearance of VLDL and remnant lipoproteins. Trial registration number NCT00381134; Results.
A comparison of acute vascular damage caused by ADAPT versus a stent retriever device after thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: a histological and ultrastructural study in an animal model
Authors: Peschillo S , Diana F , Berge J , Missori P 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundIt has been amply demonstrated that endovascular procedures can be successful treatment for stroke, both in terms of revascularization and clinical outcome. There is not, however, a published comparison of any histological or ultrastructural damage to the vessels that may be caused by a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) or stent retrievers (SR) used in these procedures. This study analyses and compares acute damage to the arterial wall caused by ADAPT or SR.Material and methodsDamage to the walls of swine extracranial arteries was evaluated after ADAPT with the Penumbra system or thrombectomy with an SR (Solitaire 6×30). The procedures were performed after injecting thrombi into the selected arteries (arteries with diameters similar to those of the human internal carotid artery and first segment of the middle cerebral artery). After the procedures, the animal was euthanized and 12 arterial samples were obtained for analysis by optical and electronic microscopy.ResultsTissue samples from the vessels treated with SR showed almost complete loss of endothelium, thickening of the internal elastic lamina, and degeneration of the elastic fibers of the bordering lamina media and adventitia. In contrast, tissue samples of the vessels treated with ADAPT had a clear integral internal elastic lamina and uninterrupted endothelial lining, although cell alignment was altered and there were surface lacerations due to manipulation of the samples.ConclusionsBoth techniques caused acute damage to the vessel walls, however, thrombectomy with SR appeared to be more harmful to all layers of the arterial wall, particularly the endothelium.
Responsiveness of a simple RAPID-3-like index compared to disease-specific BASDAI and ASDAS indices in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Castrejón Isabel , Pincus Theodore , Wendling Daniel , Dougados Maxime 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the responsiveness of a simple routine assessment of patient index data (RAPID3)-like index that includes only 3 patient self-report measures (physical function, pain and patient global estimate) compared to that of traditional composite indices to assess change in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (Ax-SpA).MethodsDevenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifférenciées Récentes (DESIR) is a prospective cohort of patients with inflammatory back pain suggestive of Ax-SpA. The study included 461 patients, who met the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for Ax-SpA. A simple RAPID3-like index was compared with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) scores for responsiveness over 6 months. Construct validity was also evaluated through Pearson correlations and discrimination of disease activity through standardised mean differences for the 3 indices.ResultsThe RAPID3-like index was correlated significantly with BASDAI (r=0.84, p<0.005) and ASDAS-C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.74, p<0.005), similar to correlations of BASDAI with ASDAS-CRP (r=0.76, p<0.005). The percentage of patients with inactive disease ranged from 9% to 25% and with high activity from 10% to 45%, according to various measures. The capacity to discriminate between high and low disease activity was similar for the 3 indices. The strength of agreement of RAPID3 with ASDAS-CRP was moderate (0.44) and lower with BASDAI (0.37). Responsiveness over 6 months was slightly higher for ASDAS-CRP and the RAPID3-like index than that for BASDAI.ConclusionsThe RAPID3-like index provides similar information to BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP concerning responsiveness over 6 months. RAPID3 appears feasible to assess patients with Ax-SpA quantitatively over time in busy clinical settings.
Palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts: use with caution
Authors: Pueyo E. L. , Sussman A. J. , Oliva-Urcia B. , Cifelli F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The application of palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts is a unique way to obtain kinematic information regarding the evolution of these systems. However, since many potential problems can affect the reliability of palaeomagnetic datasets and their interpretations, such data should be used with caution. In this paper, we thoroughly review the sources of error from palaeomagnetism with a particular focus on deciphering vertical-axis rotations and the assumptions behind the method. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the age of the magnetization and syn-folding results from the fold test must also be carefully examined: factors such as internal deformation, deficient isolation of components (i.e. overlapping) or incorrect restoration procedures may produce apparent syn-folding results. In fact, the restoration procedure used to return the palaeomagnetic signal to the palaeogeographic coordinate system may itself inhibit accurate estimations of vertical-axis rotations when complex deformation histories induce different, non-coaxial, deformation axes. We recommend the auxiliary use of the inclination v. dip diagram as an efficient tool for identifying many errors. Finally, to determine accurate vertical axis rotations, the reference direction should honour standard reliability criteria and would ideally be measured within the undeformed foreland of the thrust system. In this paper, we review five decades of palaeomagnetic research in fold and thrust belts by concentrating on maximizing standard reliability criteria procedures to reduce uncertainty and increase confidence when applying palaeomagnetic data to unravel the tectonic evolution of fold and thrust belts.
Evolution and architectural styles of a forced-regressive Holocene delta and megafan, Mitchell River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia
Authors: Lane T. I. , Nanson R. A. , Vakarelov B. K. , Ainsworth R. B. , Dashtgard S. E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The monsoonal Mitchell River delta and megafan shows minimal anthropogenic disturbance and thus provides a unique opportunity to examine the autogenic and allogenic controls on the evolution of deltas and fluvial megafans. Detailed mapping, vibracoring, trenching and topographic surveying were used to characterize the palaeodistributary channel belts on the megafan and the depositional elements that comprise the delta. Chronological analyses of these data facilitated the reconstruction of the megafan and delta evolution and enabled the identification of discrete periods of delta progradation within the last 6000 years. These results indicate that sediment distribution is controlled primarily by two types of avulsion: (1) delta avulsions, which are frequent (>16/1000 years), typically backwater-mediated and associated with local shifts in sedimentation loci; and (2) megafan avulsions, which are less frequent (>3/1000 years), but which are also associated with more significant shifts in depositional loci. These links between megafan and delta processes and geomorphology in the Mitchell River region were integrated to develop a new model of channel belt facies associated with fluvial (
F
), fluvial backwater-affected (
F
BW
), fluvial-dominated, tide-influenced (Ft) and tide-dominated, fluvial-influenced (Tf) channels. This model enables improved predictions of channel belt composition in modern and ancient marginal-marine systems by providing sedimentological and ichnological criteria for distinguishing between channel types.

Supplementary material:
Mitchell River region optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methodology and results are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3280949
Exercise and Prostate Cancer: Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms for Disease Modification
Authors: Hayes Brian D. , Brady Lauren , Pollak Michael , Finn Stephen P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExercise has many potential benefits in relation to cancer. Apart from primary prevention, these include improvement of nonspecific cancer-related symptoms, amelioration of symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors related to cancer treatment, and improvements in various quality-of-life–related factors. Increasing evidence also points toward improved cancer-free and overall survival in cancer patients who undertake regular exercise, findings which should encourage further research in this area. Obesity is known to be associated with a proinflammatory, prothrombotic humoral milieu, which may promote aggressiveness in prostate cancer through interactions with NK-cell–mediated killing of circulating tumor cells, through platelet-circulating tumor cell interactions, and through alterations in adipokine and myokine profile among others. Physical activity reduces levels of systemic inflammatory mediators and so exercise may represent an accessible and cost-effective means of ameliorating the proinflammatory effects of obesity in cancer patients. This review outlines the evidence for the benefits of exercise in these patients, focusing on prostate cancer, and delineates current theories of the underlying biological mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1281–8. ©2016 AACR.
Preclinical Assessment of CD171-Directed CAR T-cell Adoptive Therapy for Childhood Neuroblastoma: CE7 Epitope Target Safety and Product Manufacturing Feasibility
Authors: Künkele Annette , Taraseviciute Agne , Finn Laura S. , Johnson Adam J. , Berger Carolina , Finney Olivia , Chang Cindy A. , Rolczynski Lisa S. , Brown Christopher , Mgebroff Stephanie , Berger Michael , Park Julie R. , Jensen Michael C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The identification and vetting of cell surface tumor-restricted epitopes for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–redirected T-cell immunotherapy is the subject of intensive investigation. We have focused on CD171 (L1-CAM), an abundant cell surface molecule on neuroblastomas and, specifically, on the glycosylation-dependent tumor-specific epitope recognized by the CE7 monoclonal antibody.
Experimental Design: CD171 expression was assessed by IHC using CE7 mAb in tumor microarrays of primary, metastatic, and recurrent neuroblastoma, as well as human and rhesus macaque tissue arrays. The safety of targeting the CE7 epitope of CD171 with CE7-CAR T cells was evaluated in a preclinical rhesus macaque trial on the basis of CD171 homology and CE7 cross reactivity. The feasibility of generating bioactive CAR T cells from heavily pretreated pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory disease was assessed.
Results: CD171 is uniformly and abundantly expressed by neuroblastoma tumor specimens obtained at diagnoses and relapse independent of patient clinical risk group. CD171 expression in normal tissues is similar in humans and rhesus macaques. Infusion of up to 1 × 108/kg CE7-CAR+ CTLs in rhesus macaques revealed no signs of specific on-target off-tumor toxicity. Manufacturing of lentivirally transduced CD4+ and CD8+ CE7-CAR T-cell products under GMP was successful in 4 out of 5 consecutively enrolled neuroblastoma patients in a phase I study. All four CE7-CAR T-cell products demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity.
Conclusions: Our preclinical assessment of the CE7 epitope on CD171 supports its utility and safety as a CAR T-cell target for neuroblastoma immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 466–77. ©2016 AACR.