bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interobserver agreement on line-field confocal optical coherence tomography image markers in keratinocyte carcinomas and precursor lesions
Authors: Jacobsen Kevin , Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Wenande Emily , Fredman Gabriella , Untracht Gavrielle R. , Wolswijk Tom , Cruts Emmy , Mosterd Klara , Nielsen Kari , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Wiegell Stine Regin , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLine-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new technology for skin cancer diagnostics. However, the interobserver agreement (IOA) of known image markers of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as precursors, SCC in situ (CIS) and actinic keratosis (AK), remains unexplored. This study determined IOA on the presence or absence of 10 key LC-OCT image markers of KC and precursors, among evaluators new to LC-OCT with different levels of dermatologic imaging experience. Secondly, the frequency and association between reported image markers and lesion types, was determined. Six evaluators blinded to histopathologic diagnoses, assessed 75 LC-OCT images of KC (21 SCC; 21 BCC), CIS (12), and AK (21). For each image, evaluators independently reported the presence or absence of 10 predefined key image markers of KCs and precursors described in an LC-OCT literature review. Evaluators were stratified by experience-level as experienced (3) or novices (3) based on previous OCT and reflectance confocal microscopy usage. IOA was tested for all groups, using Conger’s kappa coefficient (κ). The frequency of reported image marker and their association with lesion-types, were calculated as proportions and odds ratios (OR), respectively. Overall IOA was highest for the image markers lobules (κ = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57;0.78) and clefting (κ = 0.63, CI 0.52;0.74), typically seen in BCC (94%;OR 143.2 and 158.7, respectively, p < 0.001), followed by severe dysplasia (κ = 0.42, CI 0.31;0.53), observed primarily in CIS (79%;OR 7.1, p < 0.001). The remaining seven image-markers had lower IOA (κ = 0.06–0.32) and were more evenly observed across lesion types. The lowest IOA was noted for a well-defined (κ = 0.07, CI 0;0.15) and interrupted dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) (κ = 0.06, CI -0.002;0.13). IOA was higher for all image markers among experienced evaluators versus novices. This study shows varying IOA for 10 key image markers of KC and precursors in LC-OCT images among evaluators new to the technology. IOA was highest for the assessments of lobules, clefting, and severe dysplasia while lowest for the assessment of the DEJ integrity.
Treatment-related hearing loss in weekly versus triweekly cisplatin chemoradiation for head and neck cancer
Authors: Burger A. V. M. , Duinkerken C. W. , van Sluis K. E. , de Boer J. P. , Navran A. , Lanting C. P. , Jóźwiak K. , Dreschler W. A. , Balm A. J. M. , Zuur C. L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cisplatin-induced hearing loss is a common side effect in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiation (CRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The extent of hearing loss after concurrent CRT was compared between triweekly (3 × 100 mg/m2) and weekly (7 × 40 mg/m2) cisplatin CRT.

Method
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and included 129 patients with cisplatin-based CRT for head and neck cancer (72 treated in the triweekly and 57 in the weekly regimen). Baseline and follow-up pure tone audiometry was conducted to assess hearing loss. Clinically relevant hearing loss was defined as a decline upon treatment of ≥ 10 decibel at a pure tone average 1-2-4 kHz and/or 8-10-12.5 kHz.

Results
The incidence of clinically relevant cisplatin CRT induced hearing loss was 42% in the triweekly versus 19% in the weekly group (p < 0.01). The mean threshold shift at a pure tone average (PTA) 1-2-4 kHz was 9.0 decibel in the triweekly compared to 4.3 decibel in the weekly CRT group (p < 0.01). At PTA 8-10-12.5 kHz, the incidence of clinically relevant hearing loss was 75% in the triweekly compared to 74% in the weekly CRT group (p = 0.87). The mean threshold shift at PTA 8-10-12.5 kHz was 20.2 decibel versus 15.6 decibel, respectively (p = 0.07).

Conclusion
Cisplatin-dose reduction to a weekly cisplatin CRT regimen for head and neck cancer may reduce the incidence of clinically relevant hearing loss at frequencies vital for speech perception.
Effects of branched-chain amino acids on changes in body composition during the recovery period following tonsillectomy
Authors: Fritz Réka , Kiricsi Ágnes , Csanády Miklós , Fritz Péter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In recent decades studies have examined body weight changes following tonsillectomy. In nutrition science, the focus has shifted from body mass index to body composition analysis. However, no studies have explored body composition changes post-tonsillectomy. In oncology and digestive surgeries, the potential benefits of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been investigated; however, their effects on pharyngeal surgery remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the body composition changes after tonsillectomy and to explore the potential benefits of branched-chain amino acids.

Methods
This prospective interventional controlled study enrolled 48 patients who were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). These groups were further divided into active and inactive subgroups on the basis of their activity levels. The EG consumed 2 × 4 mg of BCAA daily. Body composition was measured using bioimpedance (InBody 270) on the day of surgery and again on days 7 and 21 postoperatively.

Results
Both groups experienced similar weight loss; however, significant differences in body composition emerged. The CG showed significant muscle mass loss (from 30,29 to 28,51 kg), whereas active EG members maintained muscle mass (from 35,33 to 35,40 kg); inactive EG members increased muscle mass (from 26,70 to 27,56 kg) and reduced body fat percentage (from 31.94% to 29.87%). The general health status (InBody score) remained stable or improved in the EG (from 75,13 to 75,96); however, it decreased in the CG (from 75,42 to 72,67).

Conclusion
The negative effects of tonsillectomy on body composition are mitigated by BCAA supplementation.
Impact of a multimodal effort re-education programme on functionality, physical performance, and functional capacity in cancer patients with dyspnoea: a randomised experimental study
Authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez Eduado Jose , Sanchez-Gomez Celia , Fonseca-Sanchez Emilio , Cruz-Hernandez Juan Jesus , Rihuete-Galve Maria Isabel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the survival rates of cancer patients. However, this has also led to an increase in side effects, such as dyspnoea, which can negatively impact of patients. We propose a programme for re-educating effort. The main objective is to test the effectiveness of this programme in improving respiratory symptoms and functionality in cancer patients.

Methodology
Experimental, prospective, longitudinal, randomised study with a parallel fixed-assignment scheme (CG-IG). The patients were selected from the Medical Oncology Service of the University Hospital Complex of Salamanca (CAUSA), Spain. Two parallel intervention programmes were designed for the two study groups (Conventional Clinical Practice-Effort Re-education Programme). Primary variables: dyspnoea (MRC), functionality (Barthel); secondary variables: physical performance (SPPB) and functional capacity (ECOG) and the socio-demographic variables (age, sex, anatomopathological diagnosis, and number of treatment lines).

Results
The study sample consisted of 182 patients, with 12 excluded, resulting in a final sample size of n = 170. Sex distribution (CG: 52.9% male and 47.1% female; IG: 49.4% male and 50.6% female). The primary oncological diagnosis was lung cancer, and the most frequent tumour stages were III and IV. Statistically significant differences were found between the IG and CG scores (p < 0.001, d = 0.887, 95% CI) and between the IG and CG scores (p = 0.004, d = 0.358, 95% CI), indicating that the IG performed better.

Conclusion
The results of this study support the beneficial effects of an exercise re-education programme, carried out by an interdisciplinary team in improving the autonomy of oncology patients with dyspnoea.

Trial registration
The clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04186754). (03 September 2019).
Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy following anterior cervical spine fixation – a retrospective propensity-matched cohort study
Authors: Meisterfeld Ronny , Queck Anne , Disch Alexander Carl , Distler Marius , Held Hanns-Christoph , von Renesse Janusz , Schaser Klaus-Dieter , Weitz Jürgen , Kamin Konrad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In patients with traumatic, infectious, degenerative, and neoplastic surgical indications in the cervical spine, commonly the anterior approach is used. Often these patients require a tracheostomy necessary due to prolonged mechanical ventilation. The limited spinal mobility and proximity to the surgical site of anterior cervical spine fixation (ACSF) could pose an increased risk for complications of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT.) Importantly, PDT might raise wound infection rates of the cervical spine approach. The aim of this study is to prove safety of PDT after ACSF.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, single-center study comparing patients with and without ACSF who underwent Ciaglia-single step PDT. After propensity score matching using logistic regression, we compared intra- and postprocedural complication rates. Furthermore, surgical site infections were evaluated. Putensen’s definitions of complications and Clavien-Dindo’s classification were used.

Results
A total of 1175 patients underwent PDT between 2009 and 2021. Fifty-seven patients underwent PDT following ACSF and were matched to fifty-seven patients without ACSF. The mean interval between ACSF and PDT was 11.3 days. The overall complication rate was 19.3% in the ACSF group and 21.1% in the non-ACSF group. The mean follow-up was 388 days (± 791) in the ACSF group and 424 days (± 819) in the non-ACSF group. Life-threatening complications (Clavien-Dindo IV to V) were found in 1.8% of ACSF patients and 3.5% of non-ACSF patients. There were no significant differences in complication rates. No surgical site infection of the anterior spine access was detected.

Conclusion
PDT is a feasible and safe procedure in patients after ACSF. Complication rates are comparable to patients without ACSF. Surgical site infections of ACSF are very rare.
SMART DIABETES HOSPITAL: CLINICAL IMPACT IN COMPLEX SURGICAL UNITS OF A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Simó-Servat Olga , Amigó Judit , Ortiz-Zúñiga Ángel , Sánchez Mónica , Cuadra Fátima , Santos Marcos Dos , Rojano Alba , Abadías Maria José , Roman Antonio , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the impact of a proactive action of a specialized diabetes team (SDT) on different health outcomes in patients hospitalized in high complexity surgery units, including solid organ transplant surgical units, of a tertiary hospital.

Methods
Nested case control study matched (1:1) by age and gender. The control group consisted of patients (n = 120) who were under the standard of care diabetes management admitted three months’ prior the cases. The cases were admitted in the same surgical units (n = 120) and were treated in the setting of the so called “Smart Diabetes Hospital” (SDH) consisting in a SDT that prioritized their actions through a digital map showing blood glucose levels obtained during the previous 24 h.

Results
SDH implementation resulted in a significant reduction in both blood glucose levels (mean 162.1 ± SD 44.4 vs. mean 145.5 ± SD 48.0; p = 0.008) and hypoglycaemic episodes (19.7% vs. 8.4%: p = 0.002). Furthermore, a reduction of 3 days in the length of stay (LOS) was observed (15.6 ± 10.3 vs. 12.4 ± 6.0), which represents a significant cost-saving. Moreover, more new cases of diabetes were detected during the SDT period (2.5% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
SDH is effective in diabetes management and reduce LOS in complex surgical units.
Wildlife resilience in an urban landscape: understanding land-use impacts in Cape Town
Authors: Oladimeji Akinwale , Woodgate Zoë , O’Riain M. Justin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUrbanisation is rapidly transforming and fragmenting natural habitats, disrupting ecosystems and negatively impacting biodiversity. The City of Cape Town (CoCT) is situated in a global biodiversity hotspot, but sustained anthropogenic activities have resulted in the local extirpation of most medium and large mammals. A recent survey of mammals within urban protected areas of CoCT revealed that a few, mostly medium-sized generalist species, persist. It is uncertain which native mammal species, if any, inhabit the unprotected green belts and parks in suburban and urban areas of the city. A total of 37 camera trap sites were established along four transects for a period of four months between 31 January and 31 May 2022. A total of 12 terrestrial mammal species were detected, nine of which were wild native mammals and three domestic species. Most detections were in natural habitat followed by suburban, with urban areas having the lowest detection rate of wildlife. Single season hierarchical multi-species occupancy models revealed that tree cover had a significant positive effect on both community and individual species occupancy. Contrary to our predictions, neither human population density nor the extent of the impervious surface at sites significantly affected occupancy. Cape grysbok (Raphicerus melanotis) were significantly more likely to occur at sites with a higher proportion of impervious surfaces supporting other recent research, which showed this species together with water mongoose (Atilax paludinosus) and Cape porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis) are one of only a few native mammals that appear to persist and may even thrive in human-modified landscapes. Our findings underscore the complexity of urban biodiversity conservation and the species-specific responses to environmental factors, emphasising the importance of tree cover in urban wildlife management.
Rainfall Sensitivity to Microphysics and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations in Convection-Permitting Simulations over Northwestern South America
Authors: Hernández K. Santiago , Gómez-Ríos Sebastián , Henao Juan J. , Robledo Vanessa , Ramírez-Cardona Álvaro , Rendón Angela M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConvection-permitting modeling allows us to understand mechanisms that influence rainfall in specific regions. However, microphysics parameterization (MP) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes remain an important source of uncertainty, affecting rainfall intensity, occurrence, duration, and propagation. Here, we study the sensitivity of rainfall to three MP [Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Single-Moment 6-class (WSM6), Thompson, and Morrison] and two PBL [the Yonsei University (YSU) and Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi Niino (MYNN)] schemes with a convection-permitting resolution (4 km) over northwestern South America (NWSA). Simulations were performed by using the WRF model and the results were evaluated against soundings, rain gauges, and satellite data, considering the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall over diverse regions prone to deep convection in NWSA. MP and PBL schemes largely influenced simulated rainfall, with better results for the less computationally expensive WSM6 MP and YSU PBL schemes. Regarding rain gauges and satellite estimates, simulations with Morrison MP overestimated rainfall, especially westward of the Andes, whereas the MYNN PBL underestimated precipitation in the Amazon–Savannas flatlands. We found that the uncertainty in the rainfall representation is highly dependent on the region, with a higher influence of MP in the Colombian Pacific and PBL in the Amazon–Savannas flatlands. When analyzing rainfall-related processes, the selection of both MP and PBL parameterizations exerted a large influence on the simulated lower tropospheric moisture flux and moisture convergence. PBL schemes significantly influenced the downward shortwave radiation, with MYNN simulating a greater amount of low clouds, which decreased the radiation income. Furthermore, latent heat fluxes were greater for YSU, favoring moist convection and rainfall. MP schemes had a marked impact on vertical velocity. Specifically, Morrison MP showed stronger convection and higher precipitation rates, which is associated with a greater latent heat release due to solid-phase hydrometeor formation. This study provides insights into assessing physical parameterizations in numerical models and suggests key processes for rainfall representation in NWSA.
Building and Sustaining Flu Vaccine Acceptance and Trust in the Black Community through Partnerships with Churches, Salons, and Barbershops
Authors: Nuss Henry , Privor-Dumm Lois , Ukachukwu Chinonso , Hall Laura Lee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the benefits of flu vaccines, Black adults continue to experience lower vaccination rates in the United States. Contributing factors include lack of access to health care and trusted information about vaccines. The National Minority Quality Forum’s Center for Sustainable Health Care Quality and Equity collaborated with church pastors, barbers, and hair stylists to disseminate a survey to their communities to assess barriers/facilitators to flu vaccine uptake. The population (n = 262) was mostly Black (93%), female (77%), between the age of 50–64 (39%) and vaccinated (73%). The most common reasons cited by respondents for being vaccinated were personal health, a habit of getting the shot, and a desire not to spread it to others. Among the unvaccinated (27%), the most common reasons for not vaccinating were lack of perceived need, concern the shot would make them sick, and that they do not normally get vaccinated. Vaccine knowledge and trust in health care providers’ recommendations was higher amongst vaccinated individuals. Amongst the unvaccinated, trust was lower and there was a stronger belief that the vaccine would not prevent illness. Age was also associated with the likelihood of being vaccinated and greater vaccine knowledge and trust in provider recommendations. Unvaccinated individuals, particularly those under 54 years of age, did not hold strong distrust, attitudes were more neutral, and concern for others was moderate, suggesting an opportunity to target younger age groups. This study highlights the importance of trusted community messengers in conveying targeted messages on the safety and effectiveness of the flu vaccine.
Surface Modification and Corrosion Performance of Laser Cladded Co–Ni on Ti–6Al–4 V in 0.5 M H2SO4 Environment
Authors: Adesina Olanrewaju Seun , Popoola Abimbola Patricia , Farotade Gabriel Ayokunle , Sanyaolu Olufemi Oluseun , Obadele Babatunde Abiodun , Ikubanni Peter Pelumi , Adediran Adeolu Adesoji , Adeleke Adekunle Akanni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the laser cladding of Co and Ni powders onto Ti–6Al–4 V substrates, varying the admixed percentages while adjusting laser processing parameters. The influence of nickel and cobalt contents on the microstructure, phase composition, and electrochemical behavior of the laser-clad Ti–6Al–4 V coatings were analyzed. Coating morphology and phases were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The corrosion resistance of Ti–6Al–4 V, both with and without Ni–Co additions, in 0.5 M H2SO4 was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization technique. Results indicated that the coatings exhibited excellent metallurgical compatibility with the substrate. Additionally, the high scan speed laser-clad samples showed enhanced corrosion resistance compared to those processed at low speeds. The potentiodynamic polarization analysis revealed passive behavior in all specimens, with higher cobalt content notably enhancing passivity and corrosion resistance by suppressing the anodic reaction.
Disparities in receipt of high-priority clinical preventive services
Authors: Borsky Amanda E. , Zodet Marc , Wolff Tracy A. , Ngo-Metzger Quyen , Mueller Nora , Bierman Arlene S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to examine potential disparities in the receipt of high-priority, clinical preventive services among adults.

Methods
The study is based on a cross-sectional survey from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2018 and includes non-institutionalized adults age ≥ 35 in the United States (n = 14,615). The primary outcome measure is a composite measure that assesses receipt of fifteen high-priority clinical preventive services.

Results
Results provide the first national estimates of disparities in receipt of all recommended high-priority preventive services. Receipt of all recommended preventive services among adults age ≥ 35 was low (6%). Multivariable regression analysis found sizable disparities associated with all sociodemographic characteristics examined. Black adults were 37% less likely than white adults (OR: 0.63, CI 0.46-0.86); those with a high school education or less were less than half as likely as college graduates (≤ HS OR: 0.44, CI 0.32-0.61, HS grad OR: 0.46, CI 0.36-0.59); poor and low income individuals were much less likely than those with higher incomes (Poor OR: 0.66, CI 0.48-0.90, low income OR: 0.70, CI 0.53-0.92); the uninsured were 89% less likely than those with private insurance (OR: 0.11, CI 0.04-0.27); adults who spoke a language other than English had 35% lower odds than those who spoke English (OR: 0.65, CI 0.45-0.95) to receive all high-priority services.

Conclusions
Improving population health depends upon effective strategies to increase uptake of high-priority preventive services while reducing disparities in receipt of these services.
Bullying at work: Differential pattern in Euro-Area according to gender-based disparities
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Nuria , Fernández Puente Adolfo C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the influence of bullying at work on self-rated anxiety (SRA) across 19 European countries through the European Working Conditions Survey (2015 and 2021). Descriptive analysis highlights a significantly higher prevalence of bullying among women compared to men. The econometric analysis uncovers that the detrimental impact of bullying is particularly pronounced in environments characterised by higher gender inequality. Gender differences are more prominent in countries where women face lower economic participation and opportunities. However, the frequency of reported bullying is higher in the group of countries where conditions for women are more equal. The apparent lack of awareness regarding these abusive behaviours would feasibly result in a lack of specific legislation and consequently generate a greater impact on SRA, even though the issue seems less prominent.