bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Early and Interval Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis. Which is Better? A Multicentered Study: Retracted
Authors: Uysal Erdal , Turel Kadir Serkan , Sipahi Mesut , Isik Ozgen , Yilmaz Nimet , Yilmaz Fatih A. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to compare early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and LCs performed at different time intervals for treatment of acute cholecystitis, contribute to the literature with data obtained from different centers, and provide assistance to clinicians about the timing of LC in acute cholecystitis.

Materials and Methods:
The study was designed as a retrospective, observational, and multicentered study. The data of 470 patients who had undergone LC for treatment of acute cholecystitis between January 2010 and March 2016 were included. Four different centers contributed to the study. The patients were divided into 4 groups. The groups were identified according to the timing of LC following the onset of findings and symptoms of acute cholecystitis as group 1 (first week), group 2 (1 to 4 wk), group 3 (4 to 8 wk), and group 4 (>8 wk). The clinical and demographical characteristics, comorbidities, complications, hospital stay, duration of operation, conversion rates, and rehospitalizations in the following 30 days of patients in the groups were compared.

Results:
A significant increase was found in group 4 compared with groups 1 and 2 in relation to comorbidities (P<0.01) (P=0.042). No statistically significant difference was observed among the groups for the comparison of operation durations, conversion rates, and total number of complications (P>0.05). The groups were compared with regard to the mean hospital stay, and the hospital stay was found to be significantly higher in group 4 than in group 1 (P=0.001). In our study, the 30-day readmission rate was determined to be significantly higher in the >8-week group (group 4) compared with the first-week (group 1) and 1- to 4-week group (group 2) (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Interval LC does not decrease the complication rate, conversion rate, or the operation time. Early LC could be preferred for treatment of acute cholecystitis as no significant differences related to the conversion rate, operation time, and overall complication rate are observed between the early and delayed LCs; however, a shorter hospital stay and lower 30-day readmission rate are observed in early LC for the treatment of acute cholecystitis.
Single-Incision Totally Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair After Previous Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Wakasugi Masaki , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Akamatsu Hiroki 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of single-incision laparoscopic surgery for totally extraperitoneal repair (SILS-TEP) after previous open inguinal hernia repair.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study included 372 consecutive patients undergoing SILS-TEP for inguinal hernia between January 2011 and December 2015 at Osaka Police Hospital. The outcomes of the patient after previous open inguinal hernia repair were compared with those of the control patients.

Results:
In total, 22 patients (6%, 22/372) undergoing SILS-TEP after previous inguinal hernia repair were included in this study. There were no significant differences in patients’ characteristics between the 2 groups. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in operative time, bleeding volume, and postoperative hospital stay. The conversion rate to a different procedure was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group [14% (3/22) vs. 3% (10/350)], respectively (P<0.05). Postoperative complications were seen in 23% (5/22) of the patients in the study group and 11% (39/350) of the patients in the control group (P=0.1). Nonfatal pulmonary embolism was seen in 1 patient (0.2%, 1/350) without appreciable previous history of the patients in the control group. No other major complications or hernia recurrences were observed during the follow-up period in either group.

Conclusions:
SILS-TEP with good cosmetic outcomes for patients with previous inguinal hernia surgery could be safely performed with acceptable morbidity though the conversion rate to a different procedure might be higher. History of previous inguinal hernia surgery alone should not be a contraindication to SILS-TEP.
Lightweight Titanium-coated Mesh Versus Standard-Weight Polypropylene Mesh in Totally Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair (TEP): A Cohort Analysis
Authors: Prassas Dimitrios , Rolfs Thomas-Marten , Sirothia Nishank , Schumacher Franz-Josef 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
The study objective is to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic to tally extraperitoneal repair using the standard-weight polypropylene mesh or a lightweight titanium-coated mesh.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted on 138 adult patients with unilateral inguinal hernias, who underwent totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair between 2010 and 2013 using either a standard-weight polypropylene mesh (Prolene mesh, 80 g/m2) or a lightweight titanium-coated mesh (Ti Mesh light, 35 g/m2).

Results:
There was no difference in reported pain at 24 hours postoperatively. The difference in reported pain at follow-up (mean: 21 mo) was insignificant [PP vs. Ti: 7.8% (n=5) vs. 8.3% (n=3), P=0.92], the differences regarding chronic inguinal pain was also insignificant [PP vs. Ti: 14% (n=9) vs. 5.5% (n=2), P=0.191], and there was no difference in the development of hernia recurrence [PP vs. Ti: 1.5% (n=1) vs. 0, P=0.42].

Conclusions:
No statistically significant differences of the overall postoperative outcome were observed between the 2 mesh types.
Short-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Hemihepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chen Xue-Min , Sun Dong-Lin 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is performed in a relatively small number of institutions. Its operative results have been reported to be comparable with that of open laparotomy; however, information on laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy (LRH) is scarce. This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of the right hemihepatectomy via laparoscopic and open approach to treat HCC at a single institution.

Methods:
From January 2010 to 2015, we performed right hemihepatectomy in 77 HCC patients. LRH was performed in 35 patients and open right hemihepatectomy (ORH) was performed in 42 patients. All clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
The mean LRH operative time was longer than ORH (309±108 vs. 223±110 min; P<0.02). The median blood loss for the LRH was 293±82.5 mL compared with 433±105.5 mL for the ORH, showing a highly significant difference. Length of hospital stay was shorter in LRH patients compared with those following ORH (9±2 vs. 15±3 d; P<0.05). The postoperative morbidity rate was also significantly different between the groups, a tendency toward more severe complications in the ORH group compared with LRH group.

Conclusions:
LRH can decrease complications, shorten hospitalization time, is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective way.
Statistical properties of simple random-effects models for genetic heritability
Authors: Steinsaltz David , Dahl Andrew , Wachter Kenneth W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRandom-effects models are a popular tool for analysing total narrow-sense heritability for simple quantitative phenotypes on the basis of large-scale SNP data. Recently, there have been disputes over the validity of conclusions that may be drawn from such analysis. We derive some of the fundamental statistical properties of heritability estimates arising from these models, showing that the bias will generally be small. We show that that the score function may be manipulated into a form that facilitates intelligible interpretations of the results. We use this score function to explore the behavior of the model when certain key assumptions of the model are not satisfied — shared environment, measurement error, and genetic effects that are confined to a small subset of sites — as well as to elucidate the meaning of negative heritability estimates that may arise.The variance and bias depend crucially on the variance of certain functionals of the singular values of the genotype matrix. A useful baseline is the singular value distribution associated with genotypes that are completely independent — that is, with no linkage and no relatedness — for a given number of individuals and sites. We calculate the corresponding variance and bias for this setting.MSC 2010 subject classifications:Primary 92D10; secondary 62P10; 62F10; 60B20.
Invasive species management will benefit from social impact assessment
Authors: Crowley Sarah L. , Hinchliffe Steve , McDonald Robbie A. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Invasive species management aims to prevent or mitigate the impacts of introduced species but management interventions can themselves generate social impacts that must be understood and addressed.

Established approaches for addressing the social implications of invasive species management can be limited in effectiveness and democratic legitimacy. More deliberative, participatory approaches are emerging that allow integration of a broader range of socio‐political considerations. Nevertheless, there is a need to ensure that these are rigorous applications of social science.

Social impact assessment offers a structured process of identifying, evaluating and addressing social costs and benefits. We highlight its potential value for enabling meaningful public participation in planning and as a key component of integrated assessments of management options.

Policy implications. As invasive species management grows in scope and scale, social impact assessment provides a rigorous process for recognising and responding to social concerns. It could therefore produce more democratic, less conflict‐prone and more effective interventions.
Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis
Authors: Niedt Christopher , Christophers Brett 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeveral US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.
Breaking RAD: an evaluation of the utility of restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing for genome scans of adaptation
Authors: Lowry David B. , Hoban Sean , Kelley Joanna L. , Lotterhos Katie E. , Reed Laura K. , Antolin Michael F. , Storfer Andrew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how and why populations evolve is of fundamental importance to molecular ecology. Restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), a popular reduced representation method, has ushered in a new era of genome‐scale research for assessing population structure, hybridization, demographic history, phylogeography and migration. RADseq has also been widely used to conduct genome scans to detect loci involved in adaptive divergence among natural populations. Here, we examine the capacity of those RADseq‐based genome scan studies to detect loci involved in local adaptation. To understand what proportion of the genome is missed by RADseq studies, we developed a simple model using different numbers of RAD‐tags, genome sizes and extents of linkage disequilibrium (length of haplotype blocks). Under the best‐case modelling scenario, we found that RADseq using six‐ or eight‐base pair cutting restriction enzymes would fail to sample many regions of the genome, especially for species with short linkage disequilibrium. We then surveyed recent studies that have used RADseq for genome scans and found that the median density of markers across these studies was 4.08 RAD‐tag markers per megabase (one marker per 245 kb). The length of linkage disequilibrium for many species is one to three orders of magnitude less than density of the typical recent RADseq study. Thus, we conclude that genome scans based on RADseq data alone, while useful for studies of neutral genetic variation and genetic population structure, will likely miss many loci under selection in studies of local adaptation.
Estimating the sustainability of towed fishing‐gear impacts on seabed habitats: a simple quantitative risk assessment method applicable to data‐limited fisheries
Authors: Pitcher C. Roland , Ellis Nick , Jennings Simon , Hiddink Jan G. , Mazor Tessa , Kaiser Michel J. , Kangas Mervi I. , McConnaughey Robert A. , Parma Ana M. , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , Suuronen Petri , Collie Jeremy S. , Amoroso Ricardo , Hughes Kathryn M. , Hilborn Ray 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Impacts of bottom fishing, particularly trawling and dredging, on seabed (benthic) habitats are commonly perceived to pose serious environmental risks. Quantitative ecological risk assessment can be used to evaluate actual risks and to help guide the choice of management measures needed to meet sustainability objectives.

We develop and apply a quantitative method for assessing the risks to benthic habitats by towed bottom‐fishing gears. The method is based on a simple equation for relative benthic status (RBS), derived by solving the logistic population growth equation for the equilibrium state. Estimating RBS requires only maps of fishing intensity and habitat type – and parameters for impact and recovery rates, which may be taken from meta‐analyses of multiple experimental studies of towed‐gear impacts. The aggregate status of habitats in an assessed region is indicated by the distribution of RBS values for the region. The application of RBS is illustrated for a tropical shrimp‐trawl fishery.

The status of trawled habitats and their RBS value depend on impact rate (depletion per trawl), recovery rate and exposure to trawling. In the shrimp‐trawl fishery region, gravel habitat was most sensitive, and though less exposed than sand or muddy‐sand, was most affected overall (regional RBS = 91% relative to un‐trawled RBS = 100%). Muddy‐sand was less sensitive, and though relatively most exposed, was less affected overall (RBS = 95%). Sand was most heavily trawled but least sensitive and least affected overall (RBS = 98%). Region‐wide, >94% of habitat area had >80% RBS because most trawling and impacts were confined to small areas. RBS was also applied to the region's benthic invertebrate communities with similar results.

Conclusions. Unlike qualitative or categorical trait‐based risk assessments, the RBS method provides a quantitative estimate of status relative to an unimpacted baseline, with minimal requirements for input data. It could be applied to bottom‐contact fisheries world‐wide, including situations where detailed data on characteristics of seabed habitats, or the abundance of seabed fauna are not available. The approach supports assessment against sustainability criteria and evaluation of alternative management strategies (e.g. closed areas, effort management, gear modifications).
Repeated restraint stress exposure during early withdrawal accelerates incubation of cue‐induced cocaine craving
Authors: Glynn Ryan M. , Rosenkranz J. Amiel , Wolf Marina E. , Caccamise Aaron , Shroff Freya , Smith Alyssa B. , Loweth Jessica A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA major challenge for treating cocaine addiction is the propensity for abstinent users to relapse. Two important triggers for relapse are cues associated with prior drug use and stressful life events. To study their interaction in promoting relapse during abstinence, we used the incubation model of craving and relapse in which cue‐induced drug seeking progressively intensifies (‘incubates’) during withdrawal from extended‐access cocaine self‐administration. We tested rats for cue‐induced cocaine seeking on withdrawal day (WD) 1. Rats were then subjected to repeated restraint stress or control conditions (seven sessions held between WD6 and WD14). All rats were tested again for cue‐induced cocaine seeking on WD15, 1 day after the last stress or control session. Although controls showed a time‐dependent increase in cue‐induced cocaine seeking (incubation), rats exposed to repeated stress in early withdrawal exhibited a more robust increase in seeking behavior between WD1 and WD15. In separate stressed and control rats, equivalent cocaine seeking was observed on WD48. These results indicate that repeated stress in early withdrawal accelerates incubation of cocaine craving, although craving plateaus at the same level were observed in controls. However, 1 month after the WD48 test, rats subjected to repeated stress in early withdrawal showed enhanced cue‐induced cocaine seeking following acute (24 hours) food deprivation stress. Together, these data indicate that chronic stress exposure enhances the initial rate of incubation of craving during early withdrawal, resulting in increased vulnerability to cue‐induced relapse during this period, and may lead to a persistent increase in vulnerability to the relapse‐promoting effects of stress.
Survival rates of biological therapies for psoriasis treatment in real‐world clinical practice: A Canadian multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Marinas Joseph EC , Kim Whan B , Shahbaz Ali , Qiang Judy K , Greaves Simon , Yeung Jensen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesData on biologic drug survival in real‐world psoriasis treatment are limited. There is a need to evaluate long‐term trends of biologic use outside the realm of clinical trials.MethodsA multicentre chart review was conducted with patients' data from September 2005 to September 2014. Kaplan–Meier plot analysis was used to determine 5‐year drug survival rates. A log–rank test was used to compare the rates of drug survival between the studied biologics.ResultsFor the 398 patients and 545 treatment series analysed, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5‐year survival rates were 0.826, 0.687, 0.563, 0.475 and 0.420 with etanercept; 0.804, 0.648, 0.553, 0.508 and 0.508 with adalimumab; 0.838, 0.664, 0.554, 0.485 and 0.382 with infliximab; and 0.914, 0.856, 0.800, 0.755 and 0.755 with ustekinumab, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen between ustekinumab and the other three biologics.ConclusionA progressive decrease in treatment adherence was seen with all four biologics, as expected, but the survival rate of ustekinumab was highest.
Positive end expiratory pressure titration guided by plateau pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Liang Guopeng , Zhang Zhongwei 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPEEP decreases intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) in COPD patients. However, the best PEEP for someone with COPD is unclear.MethodsTen COPD patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation were enrolled. Before PEEP titration, subjects were sedated and received mandatory ventilation. PEEP increased from 0 to 15 cmH2O. At each PEEP, peak pressure (Ppeak), plateau pressure (Pplat), PEEPi, and other variables were recorded. Increment of Pplat (ΔPplat) and PEEPi were plotted against PEEP applied. The best PEEP was recorded at the cross of the two curves.ResultsFrom PEEP = 0 cmH2O to best PEEP, Ppeak (37.4 ± 5.1 vs. 38.4 ± 4.9 cmH2O) and Pplat (18.7 ± 3.3 vs. 20.4 ± 3.2 cmH2O) increased slightly, resistance (28.1 ± 5.6 vs. 26.6 ± 5.0 cmH2O/l/s) decreased slightly, and PEEPi (7.9 ± 2.3 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4 cmH2O) decreased sharply. Compliance, heart rate, blood pressure, and SpO2 did not change. However, from best PEEP to PEEP = 15 cmH2O, Ppeak (38.4 ± 4.9 vs. 44.9 ± 4.3 cmH2O) and Pplat (20.4 ± 3.2 vs. 27.6 ± 3.3 cmH2O) increased sharply, and systolic blood pressure (116 ± 13 vs. 99 ± 14 mmHg) and compliance (46.1 ± 18.1 vs. 37.7 ± 10.6 mL/cmH2O) decreased sharply. At the same time, PEEPi (1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 0.7 ± 0.8 cmH2O) decreased only slightly, and resistance, heart rate, and SpO2 did not change.ConclusionsIt is feasible to use Pplat as a simple way of determining the best PEEP in COPD patients.
Intra‐abdominal cystic lymphangiomatosis in a Thoroughbred foal
Authors: Savage V. L. , Cudmore L. A. , Russell C. M. , Railton D. I. , Begg A. P. , Collins N. M. , Adkins A. R. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCystic lymphangiomas are rare malformations of the lymphatics that result in the formation of a cystic mass. Where multiple cysts are seen, the condition is termed cystic lymphangiomatosis. This case describes the diagnosis and unique management of cystic lymphangiomatosis in a 10‐day‐old Thoroughbred foal. Ultrasonography, histopathology and laparoscopy were essential for diagnosis and appreciation of the extent of disease. Ultimately, the cystic lymphangiomatosis was so extensive in this foal that complete surgical excision was considered impossible and the presence of adhesions within the abdomen indicated a very poor long‐term prognosis; the owners elected for euthanasia at age 14 weeks. Although rare, lymphangioma and lymphangiomatosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for an intra‐abdominal mass in a young horse.
Comparison of amino acids, biogenic amines and ammonium ion of wines made of different types of fruits
Authors: Ouyang Xiaoyu , Wang Shaoyang , Yuan Guanshen , Liu Yaran , Gu Pan , Zhang Bolin , Zhu Baoqing 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAmino acids, biogenic amines and ammonium ion are the primary nitrogen sources in fruit wines. Compared to grape wines, our knowledge to their profile in wines made of other fruits is very lack. Fourteen wines made of nine kinds of fruits together with seven grape wines were selected to compare their nitrogen component profile. White grape wines possessed the highest level of total amino acids, followed by red grape wines and then the wines made of the other fruits. Red grape wines contained the highest level of biogenic amines, followed by white grape wines and the wines made of the other fruits. Ammonium ion was also found to be higher in the wines made of grapes. Principal component analysis revealed that the obvious separations existed among the wines made from different types of fruits, indicating that these nitrogen compounds could be served as the indicators to differentiate different types of fruit wines.
Positive class compromise in globalized production? The Freedom of Association Protocol in the Indonesian sportswear industry
Authors: SIEGMANN Karin Astrid , MERK Jeroen , KNORRINGA Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the role of voluntary initiatives (VIs) as nongovernmental systems of labour regulation in global value chains (GVCs). To identify the conditions conducive to a more active role for labour in VIs, the authors apply Wright's (2000) theory of the factors enabling positive class compromise to a VI implemented in the Indonesian sportswear industry and extend it to the more complex realities of GVCs. They conclude that if VIs are to create conditions under which decent work can be strengthened, the involvement of strong local labour organizations is required while producers' and/or buyers' dependence on workers' cooperation acts as a catalyst.