bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making connections – reducing loneliness and encouraging well-being
Authors: Marshall OBE Shelagh , Crampton Janet 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to: first, report on a pilot; second, provide a further opportunity for a wider audience to be aware of the work carried out by the Age Action Alliance, Isolation and Loneliness Working Group to identify vulnerable people in the community. Third, to highlight the successful aspects of the project which could be used by other organisations seeking to reduce the effects of isolation and loneliness in the community. Links to the full report and the more detailed findings can be found at: www.ageactionalliance

Design/methodology/approach
– The main proposal was to test the most effective approach to identifying those at risk of loneliness, using pharmacists in two well-known “high street” pharmacies, through the use of a simple questionnaire that could be handed out to a target 100 customers at each pharmacy or health care team over a six-week period.

Findings
– A simple questionnaire proves to be successful and gets a good rate of return. The right partners are essential to bring effective results. Referrals were handled very professionally and people were helped to connect socially.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample was small but the authors achieved a relatively high rate of returns and, in consequence, a number of people were directly helped access the support, information and advice to enable them to feel less lonely.

Practical implications
– The planning and preparation for this project proved that all needed to be actively and continuously involved in the planning from the beginning. Furthermore in this project involving local pharmacies, the manager or lead pharmacist at a store need to lead and actively engage their staff in the aims and objectives of the project.

Social implications
– This project aimed to identify people at risk of loneliness and the potential adverse effect on their health and well-being. Anyone helped to avoid social isolation and loneliness is a success, and sometimes with relatively low cost but high-impact intervention.

Originality/value
– This project was conceived amongst partners and reflected the particular involvement of a “household name” pharmacy and recognition of its key role in identifying and accessing people who may be at risk of loneliness.
Influence of the Crc regulator on the hierarchical use of carbon sources from a complete medium in Pseudomonas
Authors: La Rosa Ruggero , Behrends Volker , Williams Huw D. , Bundy Jacob G. , Rojo Fernando 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe Crc protein, together with the Hfq protein, participates in catabolite repression in pseudomonads, helping to coordinate metabolism. Little is known about how Crc affects the hierarchy of metabolite assimilation from complex mixtures. Using proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we carried out comprehensive metabolite profiling of culture supernatants (metabolic footprinting) over the course of growth of both Pseudomonas putida and P. aeruginosa, and compared the wild‐type strains with deletion mutants for crc. A complex metabolite consumption hierarchy was observed, which was broadly similar between the two species, although with some important differences, for example in sugar utilization. The order of metabolite utilization changed upon inactivation of the crc gene, but even in the Crc‐null strains some compounds were completely consumed before late metabolites were taken up. This suggests the presence of additional regulatory elements that determine the time and order of consumption of compounds. Unexpectedly, the loss of Crc led both species to excrete acetate and pyruvate as a result of unbalanced growth during exponential phase, compounds that were later consumed in stationary phase. This loss of carbon during growth helps to explain the contribution of the Crc/Hfq regulatory system to evolutionary fitness of pseudomonads.
Homeostatic control of nitric oxide (NO) at nanomolar concentrations in denitrifying bacteria – modelling and experimental determination of NO reductase kinetics in vivo in Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors: Hassan Junaid , Bergaust Linda L. , Molstad Lars , de Vries Simon , Bakken Lars R. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryHomeostatic control of nitric oxide (NO) at nanomolar concentrations appears common among denitrifying bacteria, often ascribed to synchronized expression of nitrite and nitric oxide reductase (Nir and Nor). We questioned whether this is sufficient: using the reported substrate affinities for cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase (cNor), our model of batch cultures of Paracoccus denitrificans predicted NO concentrations orders of magnitude higher than measured. We rejected a hypothesis that the homeostatic control is due to a negative feedback by NO on the activity of NirS because the inclusion of such feedback resulted in too slow anaerobic growth and N2 production. We proceeded by determining the kinetic parameters for cNor in vivo by a carefully designed experiment, allowing the estimation of NO concentration at the cell surface while anoxic cultures depleted low headspace doses of NO. With the new parameters for cNor kinetics in vivo {v = vmax/[1 + K2/(NO) + K1 × K2/(NO)2]; vmax = 3.56 fmol NO cell−1 h−1, K1 < 1 nM, and K2 = 34 nM}, the model predicted NO concentrations close to that measured. Thus, enzyme kinetics alone can explain the observed NO homeostasis. Determinations of enzyme kinetic parameters in vivo are not trivial but evidently required to understand and model NO kinetics in denitrifying organisms in soils and aquatic environments.
Which patients benefit from post‐implant CT dosimetry after real‐time intraoperative planning for low dose rate prostate brachytherapy? Case series and systematic literature review
Authors: Mitina Natalia , Christie David , Hill Brendan , Middlebrook Nigel , Nadezhdin Nikita 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionAt present, post‐implant CT‐based dosimetry is a standard quality assurance practice following low dose rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy. However, it rarely influences management and involves radiation exposure, costs and inconvenience. The purpose of our study was to assess the need for post‐implant CT‐based dosimetry through correlation with pre‐implant and real‐time dosimetry and review its place in the management of patients treated with LDR brachytherapy, so that it could be undertaken more selectively.MethodsThe real‐time dosimetry parameters of 34 consecutive patients who underwent LDR brachytherapy were compared with day 30 post‐implant CT‐based dosimetry. To validate our results against the world practice, we performed a meta‐analysis of six relevant published studies, which combined data from 699 patients. The Student's t‐test was performed to verify whether our dosimetric parameters significantly differ from the results of the meta‐analysis.ResultsIn our case series, the mean target volume on real‐time‐planned US and post‐implant CT was 33.9 and 32.7 cc, respectively (P > 0.05). The dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters were significantly different between real‐time‐planned and post‐implant dosimetry, but re‐implantation was not needed for any patients. The literature review demonstrated that there is no consensus on measures being reported. Comparison showed that our cohort had significantly smaller prostate volumes, but the DVHs were similar to other series.ConclusionsPost‐implant CT and dosimetry did not alter patients' management after real‐time intraoperative planning. However, we recommend that it still be employed for difficult cases or if there are any concerns identified in real‐time planned dosimetry.
The Importance of the Number of Leads with fQRS for Predicting In‐Hospital Mortality in Acute STEMI Patients Treated with Primary PCI
Authors: Tanriverdi Zulkif , Dursun Huseyin , Kaya Dayimi 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundFragmented QRS (fQRS) has been shown to be related to increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, limited data are available for evaluating the relationship between the number of leads with fQRS and in‐hospital all‐cause mortality in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of our study is to investigate the prognostic importance of the number of leads with fQRS in acute STEMI patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsTwo hundred ten eligible patients with acute STEMI that underwent primary PCI were enrolled in this study. Each patient's 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) taken in the first 48 hours was analyzed and the number of leads with fQRS were recorded.ResultsThe number derivations with fQRS were significantly higher in patients who developed in‐hospital mortality than the patients who did not develop in‐hospital mortality (2.6 ± 2.6 vs 0.9 ± 1.3; P = 0.002). Also, patients with ≥3 leads with fQRS had higher rate of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (23.5% vs 7.4%, P = 0.009), higher frequency of Q wave (67.6% vs 36.9%, P = 0.001), and higher frequency of fQRS with Q wave (67.6% vs 15.9%, P < 0.001) than those patients with <3 leads with fQRS. By a multivariate regression analysis, the number of leads with fQRS was found to be an independent predictor of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (odds ratio: 1.415, 95% confidence interval: 1.049–1.909, P = 0.023).ConclusionsThe number of leads with fQRS on 12‐lead ECG is an independent predictor of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality in patients with acute STEMI treated by primary PCI.
ELANE mutant–specific activation of different UPR pathways in congenital neutropenia
Authors: Nustede Rainer , Klimiankou Maksim , Klimenkova Olga , Kuznetsova Inna , Zeidler Cornelia , Welte Karl , Skokowa Julia 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA number of studies have demonstrated induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in patients with severe congenital neutropenia (CN) harbouring mutations of ELANE, encoding neutrophil elastase. Why UPR is not activated in patients with cyclic neutropenia (CyN) carrying the same ELANE mutations is unclear. We evaluated the effects of ELANE mutants on UPR induction in myeloid cells from CN and CyN patients, and analysed whether additional CN‐specific defects contribute to the differences in UPR induction between CN and CyN patients harbouring identical ELANE mutations. We investigated CN‐specific p.C71R and p.V174_C181del (NP_001963.1) and CN/CyN‐shared p.S126L (NP_001963.1) ELANE mutants. We found that transduction of haematopoietic cells with p.C71R, but not with p.V174_C181del or p.S126L ELANE mutants induced expression of ATF6, and the ATF6 target genes PPP1R15A, DDIT3 and HSPA5. Recently, we found that levels of secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a natural ELANE inhibitor, are diminished in myeloid cells from CN patients, but not CyN patients. Combined knockdown of SLPI by shRNA and transduction of ELANE p.S126L in myeloid cells led to elevated levels of ATF6, PPP1R15A and HSPA5 RNA, suggesting that normal levels of SLPI in CyN patients might protect them from the UPR induced by mutant ELANE. In summary, different ELANE mutants have different effects on UPR activation, and SLPI regulates the extent of ELANE‐triggered UPR.
Role of metabolic phenotyping in understanding obesity and related conditions in Gulf Co‐operation Council countries
Authors: Ahmad M. S. , Ashrafian H. , Alsaleh M. , Holmes E. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObesity is a major health concern in the Middle East and the incidence is rising in all sections of the population. Efforts to control obesity through diet and lifestyle interventions, and by surgical means, have had limited effect, and the gene–environment interactions underpinning the development of obesity and related pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers are poorly defined. Lifestyle, genetics, inflammation and the interaction between the intestinal bacteria and host metabolism have all been implicated in creating an obesogenic environment. We summarize the role of metabolic and microbial phenotyping in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of obesity and in characterizing the metabolic responses to surgical and non‐surgical interventions, and explore the potential for clinical translation of this approach.
What does a diagnostic label of ‘polycystic ovary syndrome’ really mean in adolescence? a review of current practice recommendations
Authors: Morris S. , Grover S. , Sabin M. A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder, with many women initially presenting during adolescence. Diagnosis during this period is particularly challenging, yet many emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis given the long‐term metabolic and reproductive health consequences associated with the syndrome. The objective of this study was to review the current literature to determine whether the diagnostic label ‘PCOS’ is necessary to effectively manage adolescent girls presenting with features of the syndrome. A literature search was conducted (PubMed, Medline, Informit Health and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) identifying papers addressing the diagnosis and management of PCOS during adolescence. Articles were selected based on date of publication, relevance of material and the quality of evidence presented. A total of 427 papers were screened, with 40 of these selected from the initial search. A subsequent 154 were included from manual review of reference lists from key papers identified in the initial search. Current guidelines recommend treating the individual manifestations of PCOS. In doing so, there is good evidence identifying that this approach adequately targets the underlying metabolic and reproductive changes associated with the syndrome. This suggests that providing a diagnostic label of PCOS is not actually necessary to effectively manage adolescent girls with features of this syndrome.
Context‐based email classification model
Authors: Wasi Shaukat , Jami Syed Imran , Shaikh Zubair Ahmed 
Published: November 2015

AbstractContext‐based email classification requires understanding of semantic and structural attributes of email. Most of the research has focused on generating semantic properties through structural components of email. By viewing emails as events (as a major subset of class of email), a rich contextual test‐bed representation for understanding of the semantic attributes of emails has been devised. The event‐ based emails have traditionally been studied based on simple structural properties. In this paper, we present a novel approach by first representing such class of emails as graphs, followed by heuristically applying graph mining and matching algorithm to pick templates representing contextual and semantic attributes that help classify emails. The classification templates used three key event classes: social, personal and professional. Results show that our graph mining and matching supported template‐based approach performs consistently well over event email data set with high accuracy.
Assessment of life insurance applications: an approach integrating neuro‐symbolic rule‐based with case‐based reasoning
Authors: Prentzas Jim , Hatzilygeroudis Ioannis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAssessment of applications for life insurance is an important task in the insurance sector that concerns estimation of potential risks underlying an application, if accepted. This task is accomplished by specialized personnel of insurance companies. Because of recent financial crises, this task is more demanding, and intelligent computer‐based methods could be employed to assist. In this paper, we present an intelligent approach to assessment of life insurance applications, which is based on an integration of neurule‐based with case‐based reasoning. Neurules are a type of neuro‐symbolic rules that combine a symbolic (production rules) and a connectionist (adaline unit) representation. A characteristic of neurules is that in contrast to other hybrid neuro‐symbolic approaches, they retain the naturalness and modularity of symbolic rules. Neurules are produced from available symbolic rules that represent general knowledge, which however do not completely cover the domain. We use health condition, age, gender, annual income, profession, insurance type and primary life insurance benefit as assessment parameters used in rule conditions. The integration of neurules and cases employs different types of indices for the cases according to different roles they play in neurule‐based reasoning. This results in its accuracy improvement. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
The Cultural Adaptation of a Community‐Based Child Maltreatment Prevention Initiative
Authors: McLeigh Jill D. , Katz Carmit , Davidson‐Arad Bilha , Ben‐Arieh Asher 
Published: November 2015

A unique primary prevention effort, Strong Communities for Children (Strong Communities), focuses on changing attitudes and expectations regarding communities' collective responsibilities for the safety of children. Findings from a 6‐year pilot of the initiative in South Carolina have shown promise in reducing child maltreatment, but efforts to adapt the initiative to different cultural contexts have been lacking. No models exist for adapting an initiative that takes a community‐level approach to ensuring children's safety. Thus, this article addresses the gap by providing an overview of the original initiative, how the initiative was adapted to the Israeli context, and lessons learned from the experience. Building on conceptualizations of cultural adaptation by Castro et al. (Prevention Science, 5, 2004, 41) and Resnicow et al. (Ethnicity and Disease, 9, 1999, 11), sources of nonfit (i.e., sociodemographic traits, political conflict, government services, and the presence and role of community organizations) were identified and deep and surface structure modifications were made to the content and delivery. Ultimately, this article describes the adaption and dissemination of a community‐based child maltreatment prevention initiative in Tel Aviv, Israel, and addresses researchers' calls for more publications describing the adaptation of interventions and the procedures that need to be implemented to achieve cultural relevance.
Terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates in the riverbed of an intermittent river: parallels and contrasts in community organisation
Authors: Corti Roland , Datry Thibault 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Although intermittent rivers (IRs) are coupled aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, their constituent communities are generally considered separately by ecologists. Yet, both communities are disturbed by alternating flowing and dry phases. IRs are thus good systems in which to explore the parallels and contrasts in community organisation in response to disturbance, and gain understanding in the drivers of these responses.

We compared the structure and composition of aquatic and terrestrial communities in the Albarine River, France. We collected aquatic and/or terrestrial invertebrates in the riverbed and adjacent riparian zone at four intermittent reaches and aquatic invertebrates in the riverbed at three perennial reaches over 1 year.

A total of 175 taxa were collected at intermittent reaches, including 62 aquatic and 113 terrestrial taxa, contrasting with the low biodiversity generally associated with IRs.

Aquatic and terrestrial communities were mainly subsets of those in perennial reaches and in the riparian zone, respectively, indicating that the riverbed of intermittent reaches is strongly linked to perennial reaches and the riparian zone by dispersal.

Total taxonomic richness in the riverbed (i.e. γ diversity) of intermittent reaches was mainly due to among‐reach variation for terrestrial invertebrates, but to within‐reach variation for aquatic invertebrates. For both communities, among‐reach dissimilarity was mainly due to spatial turnover rather than community nestedness. Spatial turnover was higher for terrestrial communities than for aquatic communities.

Our results indicate that aquatic and terrestrial communities have different organisation patterns in this intermittent river; probably in response to the contrasting spatial arrangements of colonist sources. Heterogeneous sources of terrestrial colonists along the riparian zone compared to more homogeneous sources of aquatic colonists from perennial reaches could explain the relative contribution of nestedness versus turnover.
Insecticide imidacloprid influences cognitive functions and alters learning performance and related gene expression in a rat model
Authors: Kara Murat , Yumrutas Onder , Demir Caner F. , Ozdemir Hasan Huseyin , Bozgeyik Ibrahim , Coskun Salih , Eraslan Ersen , Bal Ramazan 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe potential toxic effects of several pesticides, including imidacloprid on non‐target organisms have not been clearly established. Also, the chronic effects of non‐toxic doses on cognitive function in mammals are unknown. In this study, the effects of different doses of imidacloprid on learning and memory of infant and adult rats were evaluated, and the expressions of genes synthesizing proteins known to be associated with learning in brain tissues were also documented. 0.5, 2 and 8 mg/kg doses of imidacloprid were administered to newborn infant and adult Wistar albino rats by gavage. Their learning activities were evaluated, and the expression levels of the inotropic glutamate receptor GRIN1, synoptophysin, growth‐associated protein 43 and the muscarinic receptor M1 in hippocampus were determined by real‐time PCR method. Learning activities were diminished significantly at 2 and 8 mg/kg doses in the infant model groups and at 8 mg/kg dose in adult rats. Also, expression levels of GRIN1, SYP and GAP‐43 were found to be insignificantly altered. Only the expression of M1 were significantly changed in high doses of adult group. Thus imidacloprid in high doses causes deterioration in cognitive functions particularly in infant rats, and this deterioration may be associated with changes in the expressions of related genes.
Redefining retirement: age equality and the rise of performance management
Authors: Williams Glynne , Beck Vanessa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHow do individuals retire when there is no default retirement age? The changes to the retirement regulations were aimed at extending individual choice, but with the use of performance management, employers have a new tool with which to control the time and manner of retirement. Employees who fail to perform as required are now to be ‘managed out’. Therefore, retirement needs to be treated as an outcome of workplace employment relations with consequences for all age groups.