bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-decadal analysis of root-zone soil moisture applying the exponential filter across CONUS
Authors: Tobin Kenneth J. , Torres Roberto , Crow Wade T. , Bennett Marvin E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This study applied the exponential filter to produce an estimate of root-zone soil moisture (RZSM). Four types of microwave-based, surface satellite soil moisture were used. The core remotely sensed data for this study came from NASA's long-lasting AMSR-E mission. Additionally, three other products were obtained from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (CCI). These datasets were blended based on all available satellite observations (CCI-active, CCI-passive, and CCI-combined). All of these products were 0.25° and taken daily. We applied the filter to produce a soil moisture index (SWI) that others have successfully used to estimate RZSM. The only unknown in this approach was the characteristic time of soil moisture variation (T). We examined five different eras (1997–2002; 2002–2005; 2005–2008; 2008–2011; 2011–2014) that represented periods with different satellite data sensors. SWI values were compared with in situ soil moisture data from the International Soil Moisture Network at a depth ranging from 20 to 25 cm. Selected networks included the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program (25 cm), Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN; 20.32 cm), SNOwpack TELemetry (SNOTEL; 20.32 cm), and the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN; 20 cm). We selected in situ stations that had reasonable completeness. These datasets were used to filter out periods with freezing temperatures and rainfall using data from the Parameter elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM). Additionally, we only examined sites where surface and root-zone soil moisture had a reasonably high lagged r value (r > 0. 5). The unknown T value was constrained based on two approaches: optimization of root mean square error (RMSE) and calculation based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value. Both approaches yielded comparable results; although, as to be expected, the optimization approach generally outperformed NDVI-based estimates. The best results were noted at stations that had an absolute bias within 10 %. SWI estimates were more impacted by the in situ network than the surface satellite product used to drive the exponential filter. The average Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients (NSs) for ARM ranged from −0. 1 to 0.3 and were similar to the results obtained from the USCRN network (0.2–0.3). NS values from the SCAN and SNOTEL networks were slightly higher (0.1–0.5). These results indicated that this approach had some skill in providing an estimate of RZSM. In terms of RMSE (in volumetric soil moisture), ARM values actually outperformed those from other networks (0.02–0.04). SCAN and USCRN RMSE average values ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 and SNOTEL average RMSE values were higher (0.05–0.07). These values were close to 0.04, which is the baseline value for accuracy designated for many satellite soil moisture missions.
Hospital Strain During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Outcomes in Older Racial and Ethnic Minority Adults
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Stone Patricia W. , Furuya E. Yoko , Shang Jingjing , Sorbero Mark J. , Chastain Ashley , Lustik Stewart J. , Dick Andrew W. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceMarginalized populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Critically ill patients belonging to racial and ethnic minority populations treated in hospitals operating under crisis or near-crisis conditions may have experienced worse outcomes than White individuals.ObjectiveTo examine whether hospital strain was associated with worse outcomes for older patients hospitalized with sepsis and whether these increases in poor outcomes were greater for members of racial and ethnic minority groups compared with White individuals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, multivariable regression analysis was conducted to assess differential changes in all-cause 30-day mortality and major morbidity among older racial and ethnic minoritized individuals hospitalized with sepsis compared with White individuals and changes in hospital strain using Medicare claims data. Data were obtained on patients hospitalized between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, and analyzed between December 16, 2023, and July 11, 2024.ExposureTime-varying weekly hospital percentage of inpatients with COVID-19.Main Outcomes and MeasuresComposite of all-cause 30-day mortality and major morbidity.ResultsAmong the 5 899 869 hospitalizations for sepsis (51.5% women; mean [SD] age, 78.2 [8.8] years), there were 177 864 (3.0%) Asian, 664 648 (11.3%) Black, 522 964 (8.9%) Hispanic, and 4 534 393 (76.9%) White individuals. During weeks when the hospital COVID-19 burden was greater than 40%, the risk of death or major morbidity increased nearly 2-fold (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.80-2.00; P &amp;lt; .001) for White individuals compared with before the pandemic. Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals experienced 44% (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.28-1.61; P &amp;lt; .001), 21% (AOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.33; P &amp;lt; .001), and 45% (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32-1.59; P &amp;lt; .001) higher risk of death or morbidity, respectively, compared with White individuals when the hospital weekly COVID-19 burden was greater than 40%.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, older adults hospitalized with sepsis were more likely to die or experience major morbidity as the hospital COVID-19 burden increased. These increases in adverse outcomes were greater in magnitude among members of minority populations than for White individuals.
Local Administration of Lipid‐Silica Nanohybrid‐Carried Forskolin Modulates Thermogenesis in Human Adipocytes and Impedes Weight Gain in Mice
Authors: Zhang David , Tang Lien , Hipple Tyler , Mowry Curtis D. , Brinker C. Jeffrey , Brey Eric , Noureddine Achraf , Gonzalez Porras Maria A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite encouraging outcomes of the eight FDA approved drugs in lessening obesity burden, they have been associated with side effects caused by the lack of direct action on the adipose tissue. Therefore, a nanomedicine is reported that promotes the transformation of local fat‐storage white adipocytes, associated with obesity, into thermogenic adipocytes, indicative of enhanced metabolism, to both human cells and mice. This nanomedicine consisting of a lipid‐silica nanohybrid that allows accommodation of the natural supplement forskolin has resulted in successful browning of mature human adipocytes in vitro through upregulating thermogenesis biomarkers on mature human adipocytes and in vivo in mice tissue (achieving 400‐ and 80‐fold increases in UCP1 and Cox7A1, respectively), while significantly enhancing glucose uptake and lipolysis in an acute fashion and significantly preventing weight gain in high fat diet (60% HFD) mice compared to other treatments including liposomal medicine.
Tunable MXene/WO3 Fabry−Pérot Microcavity Architecture for Bioinspired Soft Electrochromic Actuators with Vivid Colors
Authors: Wang Juan , Guo Xiaodan , Li Chunjing , Zhou Hang , Yan Yin , Zhu Feng , Wang Jinhui , Cai Guofa , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInspired by stimuli‐responsive creatures in nature, developing devices with synergistic color change and deformation will be of great value for realizing the adaptive variants. Yet, integrating adaptive color variation and deformation into a single device remains elusive. Herein, an intriguing electrochromic actuator based on MXene/WO3 bilayer film is developed with Fabry−Pérot (F–P) microcavity, which successfully integrates both functions of reversible deformation and vivid color variations into the same device. Upon applying a small electric field, the ion intercalation/de‐intercalation can synchronously alter the stress distribution and optical absorption of MXene/WO3, resulting in the dual response of electrochromic phenomenon and ultra‐fast deformation with a maximum angle of 95° within 10 s. Moreover, the F–P microcavity architecture with the physical light interaction additionally endows the bilayer film with a bright color gamut and high color tunability (yellow–green, purple, pink, blue, etc.). Furthermore, an asymmetric soft actuator based on MXene/WO3 bilayer film is assembled, which displays robust grasping ability and excellent cycling stability up to 1000 cycles. These findings may open new opportunities for somatosensory soft robots and next‐generation intelligent robots.
Cuffless Wearable Sphygmomanometers Using Dual Digital Optical Frequency Combs in Chalcogenide Chips
Authors: Zhong Ruifeng , Pan Jingshun , Li Qiang , Li Luya , Xu Yi , Fu Zhihao , Yang Shuixian , Liu Zhengyong , Yu Changyuan , Lu Chao , Zhang Xuming , Li Zhaohui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSphygmomanometers typically use a rubber cuff around the upper arm to measure blood pressure, but this method can be uncomfortable. Thus, cuffless sphygmomanometers for continuous blood pressure monitoring in emergencies and healthcare are desirable. While electrical and optical blood pressure sensors offer high sensitivity, they often face issues like limited pressure range, temperature drift, slow response, and wearability problems. To tackle these limitations, the study designs a unique cuffless wearable blood pressure sensor (12 mm × 2 mm × 0.5 mm) featuring two original components: a GeSbS/AsS chalcogenide dual‐microring chip for high sensitivity, and a dual digital optical frequency comb (DDOFC) system for fast response and cost‐effective detection. The sensor is comparable to reported electrical and optical blood pressure sensors in its detection limit (23 Pa) but has a ten‐times faster response rate (2 kHz), a 1000‐times longer stable operation (>4.3 × 107 cycles), and a well‐compensated temperature drift (<0.012 pm/°C) that eliminates the need for temperature control. This innovation shows promise for wearable electronics and mobile healthcare, enabling the capture of critical cardiovascular details for applications like in‐surgery monitoring, orthostatic hypotension studies, and early detection of myocardial ischemia and strokes.
Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Chu Zema , You Jingbi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBlue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are essential for the creation of full‐color displays and white‐light illumination, and some significant progress is made in recent years. However, most high‐performance blue perovskite LEDs are currently based on mixed‐halide perovskites and suffer from unstable spectra due to inevitable halide phase segregation, which is unfavorable for the application of blue perovskite LEDs. In contrast, blue emissions from pure bromide perovskites generally exhibit stable spectra (consistent emission peak positions and spectral shapes) and are worthy of attention. In this review, the recent advances in blue LEDs based on pure bromide perovskites according to different strategies are classified and summarized. Moreover, the challenges related to poor charge injection, high defect‐state density, lack of high‐performance in the deeper blue region, and inferior operational stability are addressed. Finally, an outlook is provided on feasible future research directions for highly bright, efficient, and stable blue perovskite LEDs.
Fine‐Grain High‐Performance Densified Oxide Fibers Produced by Open Ultrafast High‐Temperature Sintering
Authors: Wang Youmei , Qin Weiwei , Chen Zhao , Deng Zhezhe , Ma Dehua , Wang Yifan , Wang Xiaoqing , Yin Yunguang , Xie Yongshuai , Liu Benxue , Zhu Luyi , Wang Xinqiang , Zhang Guanghui , Xu Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe considerable grain growth occurring during the long‐term high‐temperature sintering of polycrystalline oxide fibers negatively affects their mechanical properties, which highlights the need for alternative sintering methods. Herein, open ultrafast high‐temperature sintering (OUHS) in air, characterized by rapid heating/cooling (>10000 K min−1) and a short high‐temperature holding time (<10 s), is used to produce 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia continuous fibers with coherent boundaries forming robust connections between fine grains. The tensile strength of these fibers (2.33 GPa on average, sintering temperature = 1673 K) notably exceeds that of their counterparts produced by traditional sintering (1.17 GPa). The effects of pores on fiber mechanical properties are analyzed using experimental and theoretical methods. For a versatility demonstration, OUHS is applied to several types of polycrystalline oxide fibers (HfO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Y2O3, and La2Zr2O7), considerably improving their mechanical properties and enabling crystalline phase control, which demonstrates the suitability of this procedure for the development of high‐performance materials.
Coupled Lattice‐Expanded Ni and MoO2 Array for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Lu , Chen Jianmei , Xiao Zhijian , Zhang Xuyang , Kwak Sang Kyu , Tian Dongliang , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransition metal oxides have attracted much attention due to their good electrical conductivity, high chemical stability, and easy electronic structure modulation. However, it is still a great challenge to solve the problems of sluggish reaction kinetics and high overpotential in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their poor intrinsic activity. Herein, a lattice‐expanded Ni‐decorated MoO2 array (Ni‐MoO2‐700) catalyst is prepared for the alkaline HER. Unlike most of the reported literature, the decoration of metal heteroatoms may lead to lattice expansion of the carrier catalyst. In contrast, lattice expansion of Ni is also achieved by adjusting the annealing temperature in this work. The Ni‐induced lattice‐expanding effect can not only modulate the electronic structure of the catalyst but also accelerate electron transfer during the reaction, thus increasing its intrinsic activity for the HER. As a result, Ni‐MoO2‐700 exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic activity with an overpotential of 74.9 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH, which is far superior to that of most of the reported advanced Ni‐ and Mo‐based materials. This work provides deep intrinsic insight and a great opportunity to design efficient transition metal oxide catalysts for the alkaline HER.
Optimal attack strategy in system identification with binary‐valued observations: An information entropy‐based approach
Authors: Bai Zhongwei , Jia Ruizhe , Yu Peng , Guo Jin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the advancements in network technology and artificial intelligence, the interaction between network nodes is getting more frequent. The malicious data tampering can be extremely damaging to system stability, therefore the network security is of great importance. In this paper, we address the problem of system identification with binary‐valued observations under data tampering attacks and an information entropy‐based approach to optimal attack strategy from the viewpoint of attacker. Under the constrained attack energy, a method is proposed to obtain the optimal attack strategy using the information entropy as the optimization index. It is interestingly demonstrated that such optimal attack strategy is equivalent to the one by using the estimation error of the identification algorithm as the optimization index. The rationality of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations.
Serum‐free medium for recombinant protein expression in insect cells
Authors: Geng Shao‐Lei , Zou Ying , Bai Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Min , Wang Chong , Wang Tian‐Yun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has been widely used to produce recombinant proteins because of several advantages, such as eukaryotic post‐translational modifications similar to those in mammalian cells, high expression levels and safety, and large gene capacity. Usually, insect cell culture requires 5%‒10% fetal bovine serum, which has many adverse effects, including high cost, heterogeneity between batches, complex composition, and pollution risks. Therefore, serum‐free medium (SFM) is indispensable for the production of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture. Here, the most commonly used insect cell lines and three insect cell media, namely basic medium, SFM, and chemically defined medium, are summarized. The basic components of insect cell SFM are similar to those of other cells but contain special components. The components, functions, and issues of different SFM used for insect cell culture are reviewed. In recent years, some special additives have been demonstrated to increase recombinant protein expression yield and quality in BEVS, and the functions and possible mechanisms of small‐molecule additives are reviewed herein. Finally, future perspectives of SFM used in BEVS for recombinant protein production are discussed.
Synergistic Dual Electrolyte System of LATP and In‐ Situ Solod‐State PDOL System and its Improvement on the Performance of NCM811 Batteries
Authors: Cao Jian‐Hua , Zhang Peng , Wang Ya‐kun , Wu Da‐Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract1,3‐Dioxolane (DOL) can undergo in‐situ polymerization in batteries to form solid‐state organic electrolyte PDOL. When applied to NCM811||Li battery system, PDOL electrolyte helps optimize the contact and interface stability between electrolyte and electrodes. This study explores the effects of PDOL with PE separators coated with Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3(LATP) on the performance of NCM811||Li batteries. 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl phosphite (DETFPi), was mixed with DOL at a 1 : 35 mass ratio. Then, LiBF4 was used to initiate in‐situ polymerization and thereby obtained DETFPi‐PDOL electrolyte after 24 h at room temperature. The composite electrolyte exhibits enhanced ion conductivity (1.59×10−4 S cm−1), high lithium ion transference number (0.78), wide electrochemical stability window (4.53 V), and high critical current density (2.2 mA cm−2). Li||PDOL@LATP||Li battery shows extremely low overpotential (35 mV) after a constant current stable cycle of 500 h at 1.0 mA cm−2. After 500 cycles at 1 C, the remaining capacity is 153.9 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 82.1 % in NCM811||PDOL@LATP||Li batteries. This indicates that the LATP coating on the surface of the PE separator plays an important role in optimizing the performance of DETFPI‐PDOL electrolyte batteries. LATP and DETFPI‐PDOL are effective in improving the cycling stability, rate performance, and interface state of NCM811 batteries.
Firth‐Type Penalized Methods of the Modified Poisson and Least‐Squares Regression Analyses for Binary Outcomes
Authors: Uno Satoshi , Noma Hisashi , Gosho Masahiko 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe modified Poisson and least‐squares regression analyses for binary outcomes have been widely used as effective multivariable analysis methods to provide risk ratio and risk difference estimates in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, there is no certain evidence that assessed their operating characteristics under small and sparse data settings and no effective methods have been proposed for these regression analyses to address this issue. In this article, we show that the modified Poisson regression provides seriously biased estimates under small and sparse data settings. In addition, the modified least‐squares regression provides unbiased estimates under these settings. We further show that the ordinary robust variance estimators for both of the methods have certain biases under situations that involve small or moderate sample sizes. To address these issues, we propose the Firth‐type penalized methods for the modified Poisson and least‐squares regressions. The adjustment methods lead to a more accurate and stable risk ratio estimator under small and sparse data settings, although the risk difference estimator is not invariant. In addition, to improve the inferences of the effect measures, we provide an improved robust variance estimator for these regression analyses. We conducted extensive simulation studies to assess the performances of the proposed methods under real‐world conditions and found that the accuracies of the point and interval estimations were markedly improved by the proposed methods. We illustrate the effectiveness of these methods by applying them to a clinical study of epilepsy.
Operando XANES Reveals the Chemical State of Iron‐Oxide Monolayers During Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Gajdek Dorotea , Wallander Harald J. , Abbondanza Giuseppe , Harlow Gary S. , Gustafson Johan , Blomberg Sara , Carlsson Per‐Anders , Just Justus , Lundgren Edvin , Merte Lindsay R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe have used grazing incidence X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) to investigate the behavior of monolayer FeO
films on Pt(111) under near ambient pressure CO oxidation conditions with a total gas pressure of 1 bar. Spectra indicate reversible changes during oxidation and reduction by O
and CO at 150 °C, attributed to a transformation between FeO bilayer and FeO
trilayer phases. The trilayer phase is also reduced upon heating in CO+O
, consistent with a Mars‐van‐Krevelen type mechanism for CO oxidation. At higher temperatures, the monolayer film dewets the surface, resulting in a loss of the observed reducibility. A similar iron oxide film prepared on Au(111) shows little sign of reduction or oxidation under the same conditions. The results highlight the unique properties of monolayer FeO and the importance of the Pt support in this reaction. The study furthermore demonstrates the power of grazing‐incidence XAFS for in situ studies of these model catalysts under realistic conditions.
SVPWM‐Based Algorithm for Reduced THD and Switching Losses Under Varying Fundamental Frequency and Load in a VSI
Authors: Ahmad Mattoo Bilal , Hamid Bhat Abdul 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study explores the influence exerted by various pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques upon harmonic distortion and switching losses of a voltage source inverter. In the context of this inquiry, a generalized algorithm for variable frequency operations, inspired by continuous and discontinuous PWM is outlined in this article. The algorithm is explicitly formulated as a function of fundamental frequency and the load power factor angle with the objective of minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) and switching losses within a specified frequency range. The algorithm is segmented into various regions of frequency, guided by the theory that each region corresponds to a distinct PWM technique that yields reduced harmonic distortion. In this article, a minimum switching loss algorithm is introduced and implemented using both BCPWM and ABCPWM techniques. The algorithm is specifically designed to minimize switching losses across the entire range of load power factor angles. The integration of switching loss algorithm with the selection of the optimal PWM technique across different frequency ranges results in reduced switching losses and harmonic distortion. This leads to a comprehensive PWM algorithm that efficiently reduces both THD and switching losses during dynamic frequency and load changes. Experimental and theoretical evidences demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in attaining minimum harmonic distortion and reduced switching loss operation during variations in fundamental frequency and load.