bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Cutting Head for High‐Brightness Lasers
Authors: Wolff Detlev , Karam Jean‐Baptiste , Groß Christine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe present market of metal laser cutting machines is mainly dominated by laser sources that emit radiation in the wavelength range around one micron. The majority of these lasers generate radiation through pumping of ytterbium doped fiber or ytterbium doped disks, or directly from gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor diodes. The latter direct diode approach has been increasing its market share due to a significant increase of beam quality. A few years ago, high‐power direct diode lasers were used for applications where low brightness (BPP between 20 — 30 mm mrad @ 4 kW) was ­sufficient, such as laser brazing and hardening. With the latest improvements in beam quality, reaching 4 mm mrad and below, direct diode lasers are now suitable for laser cutting applications, which are dominated currently by other laser types. This article investigates cutting quality and speed using the II‐VI Highyag laser cutting head BIMO‐FSC in combination with a direct diode laser. In addition, the machine controlled and independent adjustment of focus position and diameter of the BIMO‐FSC have been analyzed in regards to optimization of the piercing process.
Oscillation Welding of Al/Al and Al/Cu
Authors: Fritsche Haro , Müller Norbert , Ashkenasi David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDiode lasers provide, in principle, a low beam parameter product with near flat top power distribution. By launching this beam into a standard fiber its profile is deteriorated further. By directly mounting a high brightness direct diode laser on top of a trepanning optic, we avoid additional power loss and beam parameter product reduction and therefore enable aluminum welding already at a medium power level.
Ultrashort Pulse Laser Material Processing
Authors: Bliedtner Jens , Schindler Christian , Seiler Michael , Wächter Sebastian , Friedrich Maria , Giesecke Jan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe field of ultrashort pulsed lasers has grown dramatically over the past years. Besides many research topics, the industrial application, especially for laser material processing has focused around USP lasers. The success of USP lasers contributes to many economic branches. The advantages ranges from higher output power, shorter pulse duration, innovative amplifier systems to beam guidance. One question remains: Where is the potential for industrial applications of this technology? This article presents the recent research and the derived possible area of application for USP lasers. Our aim is to introduce the huge material spectrum to possible users. Furthermore, the laser application center in Jena, and the scope prospective customers is introduced.
Environmental dependence of the correlations between stoichiometric and fatty acid‐based indicators of phytoplankton nutritional quality
Authors: Bi Rong , Ismar Stefanie , Sommer Ulrich , Zhao Meixun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMarine phytoplankton is simultaneously affected by multiple environmental drivers. To‐date integrative assessments of multiple combined effects are rare on the relationship between elemental stoichiometry and biochemicals in marine phytoplankton. We investigated responses of stoichiometric (N:C and P:C ratios) and fatty acid‐based (polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA) indicators of nutritional quality to three N:P supply ratios (10:1, 24:1, and 63:1 mol mol−1), three temperatures (12, 18, and 24°C) and two pCO2 levels (560 and 2400 μatm) in the marine phytoplankters Rhodomonas sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Overall, warming and nutrient deficiency showed dramatic effects, but increased pCO2 had modest effects on the two indicators of nutritional quality. Specifically, warming showed strong positive effects on N:C and P:C ratios in Rhodomonas sp. but negative effects on PUFAs in both species. The low N‐ and low P‐media led to low contents of both nutrients but high contents of PUFAs in the biomass of Rhodomonas sp., while the response of P. tricornutum was more complex: N:C ratios were lowest at the intermediate N:P supply but P:C ratios responded negatively to P deficiency and positively to N deficiency. Large variations in the two indicators of nutritional quality can be attributed to species‐specific physiological optima and interactions between the three manipulated variables. Our results suggest that stoichiometric and FA‐based indicators of nutritional quality may change differentially in response to warming and nutrient deficiency in marine phytoplankton, highlighting the relevance of simultaneous considerations of the two indicators of nutritional quality, when assessing food web dynamics under future ocean scenarios.
Sustained photon pulse revivals from inhomogeneously broadened spin ensembles
Authors: Krimer Dmitry O. , Zens Matthias , Putz Stefan , Rotter Stefan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA very promising recent trend in applied quantum physics is to combine the advantageous features of different quantum systems into what is called “hybrid quantum technology”. One of the key elements in this new field will have to be a quantum memory enabling to store quanta over extended periods of time. Systems that may fulfill the demands of such applications are comb‐shaped spin ensembles coupled to a cavity. Due to the decoherence induced by the inhomogeneous ensemble broadening, the storage time of these quantum memories is, however, still rather limited. Here we demonstrate how to overcome this problem by burning well‐placed holes into the spectral spin density leading to spectacular performance in the multimode regime. Specifically, we show how an initial excitation of the ensemble leads to the emission of more than a hundred well‐separated photon pulses with a decay rate significantly below the fundamental limit of the recently proposed “cavity protection effect”.
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Achieving High Drug Loading and Sustained Release of Hydrophobic Drugs in Hydrogels through In Situ Crystallization
Authors: Ci Tianyuan , Shen Yuning , Cui Shuquan , Liu Ruili , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong 
Published: October 2016

Inadequate drug loading of hydrophobic drugs is a classic problem when hydrogels are utilized as sustained‐release carriers of drugs. Herein, a strategy to load plenty of hydrophobic drugs is presented. The antitumor drug 10‐hydroxycamptothecin in the thermogel of poly(d,l‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(d,l‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) is employed. The drug is soluble in an alkaline medium, yet insoluble in a neutral/acidic medium. The crystallization is triggered after adding an alkaline drug solution into an acidic copolymer solution. The concentrated copolymer aqueous solution undergoes a sol–gel transition upon heating, faster than the crystallization. As a result, plenty of evenly dispersed drug microcrystals are formed. The in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate both high drug loading and sustained release with enhanced antitumor efficacy and reduced adverse effects. The system resolves the challenge in formulation of hydrophobic drugs in hydrogels, and is stimulating for encapsulating drugs with a soluble‐insoluble transition into a material environment.
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Large Scale Production of Continuous Hydrogel Fibers with Anisotropic Swelling Behavior by Dynamic‐Crosslinking‐Spinning
Authors: Hou Kai , Wang Huiyi , Lin Yunyin , Chen Shaohua , Yang Shengyuan , Cheng Yanhua , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Zhu Meifang 
Published: October 2016

Hydrogel microfibers have been considered as a potential biomaterial to spatiotemporally biomimic 1D native tissues such as nerves and muscles which are always assembled hierarchically and have anisotropic response to external stimuli. To produce facile hydrogel microfibers in a mathematical manner, a novel dynamic‐crosslinking‐spinning (DCS) method is demonstrated for direct fabrication of size‐controllable fibers from poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) oligomer in large scale, without microfluidic template and in a biofriendly environment. The diameter of fibers can be precisely controlled by adjusting the spinning parameters. Anisotropic swelling property is also dependent on inhomogeneous structure generated in spinning process. Comparing with bulk hydrogels, the resulting fibers exhibit superior rapid water adsorption property, which can be attributed to the large surface area/volume ratio of fiber. This novel DCS method is one‐step technology suitable for large‐scale production of anisotropic hydrogel fibers which has a promising application in the area such as biomaterials.
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Reconstruction of midfoot bone and soft tissue loss with chimeric partial scapula and latissimus dorsi muscle flap and short perforator‐based skin flap following gunshot injuries: Report of two cases
Authors: Ozcan Akcal Arzu , Ünal Kerim , Gorgulu Tahsin , Akif Akcal Mehmet , Bigat Zekiye 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionIn this report we present two cases of gunshot injury related midfoot defects, reconstructed with a chimeric partial scapula and latissimus dorsi muscle flap and short perforator‐based skin flap. The first case, a 14 years old male, had 10 × 8 cm medial plantar and 6 × 4 cm dorsal foot defects and the second case, a 55 years old female, had only 8 × 6 cm dorsal foot defect. In both cases the defects were associated with fractures, one with lateral cuneiform and cuboid with 90% bone loss and the other with navicular bone, respectively. After 6 months, the patients could walk well without support, and radiographs confirmed bony union. A chimeric partial scapula and latissimus dorsi muscle flap and short perforator‐based skin flap may be used for the reconstruction of combined bony and soft tissue defects of the midfoot and to promote bone healing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:598–603, 2016.
A New Descriptor of Amino Acids‐SVGER and its Applications in Peptide QSAR
Authors: Tong Jianbo , Li Lingxiao , Bai Min , Li Kangnan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the study of peptide quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), a new descriptor of amino acids (SVGER) was calculated. It was applied in two peptides which are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and bitter tasting threshold of di‐peptide. QSAR models were built by stepwise multiple regression‐multiple linear regression (SMR‐MLR) and stepwise multiple regression‐partial least square regression (SMR‐PLS). In the SMR‐MLR models for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, the squared cross‐validation correlation coefficient (QLOO2) was 0.907, squared correlation coefficient between predicted and observed activities (Rcum2) was 0.977 and external multiple correlation coefficient (Qext2) was 0.867. The corresponding data for the bitter tasting threshold of di‐peptide were 0.802, 0.966, 0.719. While in the SMR‐PLS model, QLOO2, Rcum2 and Qext2 were 0.804, 0.915, 0.858 for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and 0.782, 0.881, 0.747 for bitter tasting threshold of di‐peptide. Our results showed that descriptor SVGER can afford good account of relationships between activity and structure of peptide drugs.
Supplying Disadvantaged Schools with Effective Teachers: Experimental Evidence on Secondary Math Teachers from Teach For America
Authors: Chiang Hanley S. , Clark Melissa A. , McConnell Sheena 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTeach For America (TFA) is an important but controversial source of teachers for hard‐to‐staff subjects in high‐poverty U.S. schools. We present findings from the first large‐scale experimental study of secondary math teachers from TFA. We find that TFA teachers are more effective than other math teachers in the same schools, increasing student math achievement by 0.07 standard deviations over one school year. Addressing concerns about the fact that TFA requires only a two‐year commitment, we find that TFA teachers in their first two years of teaching are more effective than more experienced non‐TFA teachers in the same schools.
Bipyridine copper functionalized polymer resins as support materials for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Sand Henning , Weberskirch Ralf 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere, we report the first polymer resin supported Cu(I)/bipyridine/N‐oxyl catalyst systems for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols at room temperature with ambient air. We chose polystyrene‐poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer (TentaGel®) and Merrifield resin as support materials because of their different swelling properties in polar and nonpolar solvents. The bromo functionalized TentaGel resin TG1 or Merrifield resin MR1 were functionalized with 4,4′‐dimethoxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine (MeObpy) to give the ligand modified polymer resin TG2/MR2 that was loaded with CuI(Br) to give the final CuI(Br)/bipyridine support TG3/MR3. These resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, SEM, SEM energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Catalytic activity and recyclability of TG3 was investigated in acetonitrile and cyclohexane and displayed high activities in acetonitrile but also high metal leaching. In cyclohexane as solvent leaching was reduced to 1% − 2%, and catalytic activity was still at 75% after the fifth run. MR3 was consequently tested in cyclohexane and toluene. In both solvents low metal leaching was observed with higher activity in toluene as solvent, showing still over 90% conversion after the seventh run with 9‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N‐oxyl (ABNO) and 80% with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of epoxidized cardanol butyl ether as a novel renewable plasticizer and its application for poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Nie Xiaoan , Chen Jie , Wang Yigang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA new type of plasticizer, epoxidized cardanol butyl ether (ECBE), was synthesized via etherification and epoxidation. Successful synthesis was confirmed from Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The obtained product was evaluated by adding it to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) incorporated with dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Mechanical and thermal properties of PVC blends were studied using tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Processability, migration and volatility of plasticizing systems were also investigated. Tensile tests found a maximum increase of 17.8% in elongation at break. DMA results indicated that glass transition temperature shifted to lower temperature with a maximum decrease of 5.76 °C. TGA results revealed that PVC blends with higher content of ECBE had higher thermal stability; initial degradation temperature, 50% weight loss temperature and the first peak degradation temperature increased by 15.3, 14.8 and 4.1 °C, respectively. Processing time was extended from 11.56 to 59.94 min. The plasticizing performance of migration and volatility resistance were higher than those of neat DOP. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Interaction of chitosan and self‐assembled distearoylphosphatidic acid molecules at liquid/liquid and air/water interfaces. Effect of temperature
Authors: Cámara Candelaria I. , Riva Julieta S. , Juárez Ana V. , Yudi Lidia M. 
Published: October 2016

The effect of the polyelectrolyte, chitosan (CHI), on distearoylphosphatidic acid (DSPA) films was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, surface pressure‐area isotherm, and Brewster angle microscopy. Distearoylphosphatidic acid films formed at liquid/liquid interface produced a blocking effect to the electrochemical transfer of tetraethylammonium (TEA+) cation from the aqueous to the organic phase, as can be deduced from the cyclic voltammetry experiments. Monolayers of DSPA were performed at different experimental conditions, temperature, subphase solutions (LiCl or CaCl2), and CHI concentration. Both aqueous electrolytes studied exert strong interaction with the negative‐charged polar head groups of phospholipids, which enhance the lateral interactions of the hydrocarbon chains, forming a very structured film. Under these conditions the presence of CHI produces a shift of TEA+ transfer potential toward more positive values because of the less availability of negative sites of the phospholipids for TEA+ adsorption, because they are occupied by the positive‐charged amine groups in CHI chain.Surface pressure‐molecular area isotherms for DSPA monolayers change in the presence of CHI, demonstrating that this polymer produces an expansion of the DSPA film and modifies the surface elasticity of the film. The effect of the temperature was also studied; an exothermic phase transition was observed in the surface pressure‐molecular area isotherms for DSPA‐CHI monolayers, which involves the rupture of interactions between them. Images of Brewster angle microscopy evidence an increase in the optical thickness of the DSPA films in presence of CHI that indicates that the polymer interacts with DSPA molecules at all molecular areas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mometasone furoate (MF) improves lung function in pediatric asthma: A double‐blind, randomized controlled dose‐ranging trial of MF metered‐dose inhaler
Authors: Amar Niran J. , Shekar Tulin , Varnell Tracey A. , Mehta Anish , Philip George 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectivesMometasone furoate (MF), delivered via dry‐powder inhaler (DPI) QD in the evening (PM), is a treatment option for pediatric patients with asthma. We evaluated MF delivered via a metered‐dose inhaler (MDI), in children ages 5–11 years with persistent asthma.MethodsThis was a 12‐week double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐controlled trial. Pateints were randomized to the following treatments: MF‐MDI 50 mcg BID, MF‐MDI 100 mcg BID, MF‐MDI 200 mcg BID, MF‐DPI 100 mcg QD PM, and placebo. The primary analysis assessed MF‐MDI doses versus placebo, on the change in %‐predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from baseline to week‐12; a secondary analysis compared MF‐MDI 50 mcg BID versus MF‐DPI 100 mcg QD PM. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout the trial.ResultsFor change from baseline in %‐predicted FEV1 at week 12, least‐squares (LS) mean differences from placebo were 3.87 (P = 0.019), 6.29 (P < 0.001), and 5.34 (P = 0.001) percentage‐points for MF‐MDI 50, 100, and 200 mcg BID, respectively. The LS mean difference for MF‐MDI 50 mcg BID versus MF‐DPI 100 mcg QD PM was 1.39 (P = 0.368). AE incidences were similar among all treatment groups. There were no reports of oropharyngeal candidiasis or dysphonia, which were AEs pre‐specified for analysis,.ConclusionsIn children ages 5–11 years with persistent asthma, all three doses of MF‐MDI (50, 100, and 200 mcg BID) demonstrated significant improvement in FEV1 after 12 weeks of treatment. MF was generally well tolerated with no new safety concerns identified in this trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:310–318. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multidisciplinary treatment in children with problematic severe asthma: A prospective evaluation
Authors: Verkleij Marieke , Beelen Anita , van Ewijk Bart E. , Geenen Rinie 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjective: For children with problematic severe asthma, achieving adequate control of asthma is difficult. The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the effects of intensive multidisciplinary inpatient treatment on multiple outcome variables in children with problematic severe asthma. Methods: Participants were 89 children with problematic severe asthma (mean age 13.6 ± 2.5 years) treated in tertiary care clinics at high altitude (Switzerland) or sea level (Netherlands) and their parents (85 mothers, 55 fathers). The primary outcome variable was the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ACT). Other outcome variables were forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), quality of life [PAQLQ(S)], children's coping (UCL‐A), parents’ report of behavioral problems (CBCL), and parenting stress (PSI/NOSI). Evaluations were taken pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, and 3–6 months follow‐up. Median [P25;P75] treatment duration 74 [56;80] days; Median follow‐up interval 131 [103;177] days. Results: The percentages of children showing controlled asthma (C‐ACT) were 18% (pre‐treatment), 69% (post‐treatment), and 44% (follow‐up). The vast majority of the children (80%) showed an improvement on C‐ACT with 4% showing a deterioration. On C‐ACT, FeNO, quality of life, and behavioral problems, improvements at post‐treatment were highly significant. Improvements generally remained at a functional level at follow‐up. Children's coping and parenting stress in parents did not change. Conclusions: The improvement in asthma control and other outcome variables suggests that multidisciplinary inpatient treatment is an effective approach for a heterogeneous group of children with asthma that remained uncontrolled in secondary care. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:588–597. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of newly defined impulse oscillometry indices in preschool children
Authors: Knihtilä Hanna , Kotaniemi‐Syrjänen Anne , Pelkonen Anna S. , Kalliola Satu , Mäkelä Mika J. , Malmberg L. Pekka 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIntroduction: Early origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been recognized. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is suitable for assessment of lung function also in preschool children, and some novel indices have been connected to assessment of small airway function. However, limited data exist on the sensitivity of these new indices to detect lung function deficits in young symptomatic children. Methods: IOS measurements of 103 healthy preschool children were evaluated to establish reference equations for the difference between respiratory resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5‐20), the relative difference of R5‐20 (R5‐20%), and area under the reactance curve (AX). Thereafter, IOS results of children with late‐onset troublesome lung symptoms (n = 20), a history of early wheeze (n = 37), or a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, n = 8) were compared to healthy children. Results: None of the patient groups differed from healthy regarding respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5), and only children with a history of BPD differed from healthy regarding respiratory reactance at 5 Hz (X5). In contrast, z‐scores of R5‐20, R5‐20%, and AX were significantly higher in all patient groups than in healthy children (P < 0.001), showing improved sensitivity (20–55%) compared to R5 and X5 (5–6%). Conclusion: R5‐20, R5‐20%, and AX are superior to conventional IOS parameters in distinguishing children with current or past lower respiratory tract symptoms from healthy, and may prove valuable for screening early lung function deficits. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:598–605. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.