bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovations in scholarly communication - global survey on research tool usage
Authors: Kramer Bianca , Bosman Jeroen 
Published: April 2016

Many new websites and online tools have come into existence to support scholarly communication in all phases of the research workflow. To what extent researchers are using these and more traditional tools has been largely unknown. This 2015-2016 survey aimed to fill that gap. Its results may help decision making by stakeholders supporting researchers and may also help researchers wishing to reflect on their own online workflows. In addition, information on tools usage can inform studies of changing research workflows.The online survey employed an open, non-probability sample. A largely self-selected group of 20663 researchers, librarians, editors, publishers and other groups involved in research took the survey, which was available in seven languages. The survey was open from May 10, 2015 to February 10, 2016. It captured information on tool usage for 17 research activities, stance towards open access and open science, and expectations of the most important development in scholarly communication. Respondents’ demographics included research roles, country of affiliation, research discipline and year of first publication.
Competing with Superstars
Authors: Ammann Manuel , Horsch Philipp , Oesch David 
Published: April 2016

This paper investigates the effect of superstar chief executive officers (CEOs) on their competitors. Exploiting shocks to CEO status due to prestigious media awards, we document a significant positive stock market performance of competitors of superstar CEOs subsequent to the award. The effect is more pronounced for competitors who have not received an award themselves, who are geographically close to an award winner, and who are not entrenched. We observe an increase in risk taking, operating performance, and innovation activity of superstars’ competitors as potential channels for this positive performance. Our results suggest a positive overall welfare impact of corporate superstar systems due to the incentivizing effect on superstars’ competitors. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Extra-axial chordomas
Authors: Evans S , Khan Z , Jeys L , Grimer R 
Published: April 2016

Introduction A chordoma is a slow growing malignant tumour of notochordal origin. A tumour with histological features that are identical to those of a chordoma may arise outside the axial skeleton. To date, there is little in the literature documenting their clinical course. Methods Our large orthopaedic oncology database was used to document the clinical course of extra-axial chordoma. Results Over a 30-year period, 131 patients diagnosed with a chordoma were treated at our unit. Only three (2.3%) of these cases were extra-axial chordomas: one in the femur, one in the ulna and one in the proximal fibula. All underwent surgical resection. Conclusions In view of the rarity of this tumour and the difficulty in confirming its diagnosis, we suggest that any suspected case is discussed with a specialist sarcoma multidisciplinary team so that the correct diagnosis can be achieved and treatment tailored accordingly.
Homogeneous geodesics in pseudo-Riemannian nilmanifolds
Authors: Barco Viviana del 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We study the geodesic orbit property for nilpotent Lie groups N endowed with a pseudo-Riemannian left-invariant metric. We consider this property with respect to different groups acting by isometries. When N acts on itself by left-translations we show that it is a geodesic orbit space if and only if the metric is bi-invariant. Assuming N is 2-step nilpotent and with non-degenerate center we give algebraic conditions on the Lie algebra n of N which imply that every geodesic is the orbit of a one-parameter subgroup of N.Auto(N). In addition we present an example of an almost g.o. space such that for null homogeneous geodesics, the natural parameter of the orbit is not always the affine parameter of the geodesic.
Periodic solutions of nonautonomous second-order differential equations with a p-Laplacian
Authors: Lian Hairong , Wang Dongli , O’Regan Donal , Agarwal Ravi P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we study a periodic boundary value problem for a nonautonomous second-order differential equation with a p-Laplacian. Using the dual least-action principle and a perturbation technique, we obtain existence results under a sub-pth-polynomial condition. A generalized Wirtinger’s inequality is employed to extend some recent results.
Angular and spatial color mixing using mixing rods with the geometry of a chaotic-dispersive billiard system
Authors: Bonenberger Theresa S. , Baumgart Jörg , Neumann Cornelius 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
For mixing light from different colored LEDs, an optical color mixing system is required to avoid colored shadows and color fringes. Concerning the different color mixing systems, mixing rods are widespread as they provide very good spatial color mixing with high efficiency. The essential disadvantage of mixing rods, so far, is the lack of angular color mixing. The solution presented in this publication is the application of a chaotic-dispersive billiard’s geometry on the cross section of the mixing rod. To show both the spatial and the angular mixing properties of a square and a chaotic-dispersive mixing rod, simulations generated by the raytracing software ASAP are provided. All results are validated with prototype measurements.
Free-form illumination optics
Authors: Mohedano Rubén , Chaves Julio , Hernández Maikel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In many illumination problems, the beam pattern needed and/or some geometrical constraints lead to very asymmetric design conditions. These asymmetries have been solved in the past by means of arrangements of rotationally symmetric or linear lamps aimed in different directions whose patterns overlap to provide the asymmetric prescriptions or by splitting one single lamp into several sections, each one providing a part of the pattern. The development of new design methods yielding smooth continuous free-form optical surfaces to solve these challenging design problems, combined with the proper CAD modeling tools plus the development of multiple axes diamond turn machines, give birth to a new generation of optics. These are able to offer the performance and other advanced features, such as efficiency, compactness, or aesthetical advantages, and can be manufactured at low cost by injection molding. This paper presents two examples of devices with free-form optical surfaces, a camera flash, and a car headlamp.
Rational Laziness - When Time Is Limited, Supply Abundant, and Decisions Have to Be Made
Authors: Birkelund Gunn Elisabeth 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper expands the model of rational action by introducing a new concept. rational laziness, to better understand actors’ decision making. In addition to rational information processing, human beings often rely on automatic and lion-cognitive mental capacities, and I use the term mental laziness to account for information processing based on these capacities. When time is limited, supply abundant, and decisions have to be made, mental laziness might be a rational decision device. Actors’ choice of rational-calculating or automatic-spontaneous mental decision devices is contingent on their locations within an opportunity structure. The empirical case studied is employers’ hiring processes, and employers’ activation of these action generating mechanisms are expected to cause discrimination of job applicants categorized as out-groups members.
Holomorphic Cartan geometries and rational
curves
Authors: Biswas Indranil , McKay Benjamin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We prove that any compact Kähler manifold bearing a holomorphic Cartan geometry contains a
rational curve just when the Cartan geometry is inherited from a holomorphic Cartan geometry on a lower dimensional
compact Kähler manifold. This shows that many complex manifolds admit no or few holomorphic
Cartan geometries.
A soft Oka principle for proper holomorphic embeddings of open Riemann surfaces into (ℂ*)2
Authors: Ritter Tyson 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Let X be an open Riemann surface. We prove an Oka property on the approximation and interpolation of continuous maps X

→

\to

(

ℂ
*

)

2

(\mathbb{C}^{*})^{2}

by proper holomorphic embeddings, provided that we permit a smooth deformation of the complex structure on X outside a certain set. This generalises and strengthens a recent result of Alarcón and López. We also give a Forstnerič–Wold theorem for proper holomorphic embeddings (with respect to the given complex structure) of certain open Riemann surfaces into

(

ℂ
*

)

2

{(\mathbb{C}^{*})^{2}}

.
Relationship between HOMA-IR and serum vitamin D in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Wang Lingli , Wang Huiyan , Wen Huaikai , Tao Hongqun , Zhao Xiaowei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level in Chinese children and adolescents.Anthropometric indices, lipid metabolic profile, and serum levels of glucose, insulin and 25-OHD were determined among 278 healthy prepubertal and pubertal, normal and overweight/obese children and adolescents aged 8–18 years between March 2014 and February 2015.HOMA-IR was significantly different across vitamin D statuses (p<0.001), even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) (p=0.035) and waist-to-height ratio (p=0.044); the difference was not significant between the vitamin D deficient and insufficient groups (p=0.120). HOMA-IR negatively correlated with serum 25-OHD level for all subjects (ROur findings supported that lower vitamin D status is strongly associated with worse HOMA-IR.
Propionic acidemia: a Turkish case report of a successful pregnancy, labor and lactation
Authors: Mungan Neslihan Önenli , Kör Deniz , Büyükkurt Selim , Atmış Anıl , Güleç Ümran , Satar Mehmet 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough propionic acidemia (PA) is a devastating inherited metabolic disease, with early diagnosis and advanced treatment strategies prognosis gets better and girls can survive to child-bearing ages. We share the detailed follow-up data of the pregnancy, successful labor with cesarean section and a healthy baby of a Turkish patient with PA.
Respiratory morbidity in twins by birth order, gestational age and mode of delivery
Authors: Bricelj Katja , Tul Natasa , Lasic Mateja , Bregar Andreja Trojner , Verdenik Ivan , Lucovnik Miha , Blickstein Isaac 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between respiratory morbidity in twins by gestational age, birth order and mode of delivery.

Methods:
All twin deliveries at <37 weeks, registered in a national database, in the period 2003–2012 were classified into four gestational age groups: 33–36, 30–32, 28–29, and <28 weeks. Outcome variables included transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and need for assisted ventilation.

Results:
A total of 1836 twins were born vaginally, and 2142 twins were born by cesarean delivery, for a grand total of 3978 twins. TTN did not appear to be related to birth order and to the mode of delivery. In contrast, RDS was more frequent among the second born twins in the vaginal birth groups born at 30–36 weeks [odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–5.1 and OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5 for 33–36 weeks and 30–32 weeks, respectively], whereas this trend was seen in the cesarean birth groups born earlier (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1–13.0 for 28–29 weeks). Cesarean delivery significantly increased the frequency of RDS in twin A as well as in twin B compared with vaginal birth, but only at gestational ages <30 weeks.

Conclusion:
Mode of delivery and birth order have a gestational age dependent effect on the incidence of RDS.
Reference values for Lactate Pro 2™ in fetal blood sampling during labor: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Birgisdottir Brynhildur Tinna , Holzmann Malin , Varli Ingela Hulthén , Graner Sofie , Saltvedt Sissel , Nordström Lennart 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:Lactate ProStudy design:A cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital in Sweden. A total of 113 laboring women with fetal heart rate abnormalities on cardiotocography (CTG) had FBS carried out. Lactate concentration was measured bedside with both LP1 and LP2 from the same blood sample capillary. A linear regression model was constructed to retrieve a conversion equation to convert LP2 values to LP1 values.Results:LP2 measured higher values than LP1 in all analyses. We found that 4.2 mmol/L with LP1 corresponded to 6.4 mmol/L with LP2. Likewise, 4.8 mmol/L with LP1 corresponded to 7.3 mmol/L with LP2. The correlation between the analyses was excellent (Spearman’s rank correlation, r=0.97).Conclusion:We recommend the following guidelines when interpreting lactate concentration in FBS with LP2: <6.4 mmol/L to be interpreted as normal, 6.4–7.3 mmol/L as preacidemia indicating a follow-up FBS within 20–30 min, and >7.3 mmol/L as acidemia indicating intervention.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-(3-phenoxy-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
Authors: Li Jing , Sui Feng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C24H22N2O3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 30.130(8) Å, b = 8.825(2) Å, c = 16.021(4) Å, β = 103.293(4)°, V = 4145.8(18) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0445, wR
ref
(F2) = 0.1258, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of N-(5-bromo-4-(p-tolyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide, C14H14BrClN2OS
Authors: Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C14H14BrClN2OS, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.8377(5) Å, b = 9.6008(5) Å, c = 17.5784(11) Å, β = 113.107(4)°, V = 1527.08(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0665, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1597, T = 293 K.
Changes in H-reflex amplitude to muscle stretch and lengthening in humans
Authors: Budini Francesco , Tilp Markus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSpinal reflex excitability is traditionally assessed to investigate neural adjustments that occur during human movement. Different experimental procedures are known to condition spinal reflex excitability. Among these, lengthening movements and static stretching the human triceps have been investigated over the last 50 years. The purpose of this review is to shed light on several apparent incongruities in terms of magnitude and duration of the reported results. In the present review dissimilarities in neuro-spinal changes are examined in relation to the methodologies applied to condition and measure them. Literature that investigated three different conditioning procedures was reviewed: passive dorsiflexion, active dorsiflexion through antagonists shortening and eccentric plantar-flexors contractions. Measurements were obtained before, during and after lengthening or stretching. Stimulation intensities and time delays between conditioning procedures and stimuli varied considerably. H-reflex decreases immediately as static stretching is applied and in proportion to the stretch degree. During dorsiflexions the inhibition is stronger with greater dorsiflexion angular velocity and at lower nerve stimulation intensities, while it is weaker if any concomitant muscle contraction is performed. Within 2 s after a single passive dorsiflexion movement, H-reflex is strongly inhibited, and this effect disappears within 15 s. Dorsiflexions repeated over 1 h and prolonged static stretching training induce long-lasting inhibition. This review highlights that the apparent disagreement between studies is ascribable to small methodological differences. Lengthening movements and stretching can strongly influence spinal neural pathways. Results interpretation, however, needs careful consideration of the methodology applied.
The mechanical behaviour of adhesively bonded composite joints under repeated axial impacts at different temperatures
Authors: Kemiklioglu Ugur , Sayman Onur , Soykok Ibrahim F. , Akderya Tarkan , Dere Resit 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this study, the failure strength of single-lap adhesively bonded joints was investigated. The glass fibre epoxy composites used as adherends were manufactured by using a vacuum-assisted resin infusion method. These composites were bonded with a commercial material of epoxy-adhesive DP-460, which can be cured easily at room temperature. The specimens were built by bonding, and then repeated axial impact loads having various energy levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 J) were implemented to the single-lap adhesively bonded composite joints at different temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C). Subsequently, the specimens were exposed to static tensile loading at the same temperatures as those applied during the primary impacts. The variation in failure loads due to the effects of repeated axial impact loadings at different temperatures were investigated. Generally, the increase of impact energy level from 0 to 20 J leads to a gradual decrease in failure loads at all temperature levels except for the specific value of 40°C.
Entrapment and Terrorism on the Left
Authors: Norris Jesse J. 
Published: April 2016

Previous literature has analyzed entrapment in post-9/11 jihadi terrorism cases, but has neglected similarly compelling entrapment claims among left-wing terrorism defendants. The Article bridges this gap through an in-depth analysis of the four post-9/11 left-wing terrorism cases involving an informant or undercover agent. Based on a review of these cases, the Article concludes that at least three of the four cases had strong entrapment claims, and that realistically, none of the defendants in the four cases would have committed any terrorist offense without government prompting.
A comparative analysis of different types of domestic terrorism finds broad similarities in the characteristics of entrapment claims in jihadi, left-wing, and right-wing terrorism cases. However, jihadi entrapment cases are far more numerous, left-wing and jihadi entrapment claims are considerably stronger and more prevalent than right-wing claims, and left-wing terrorism cases feature certain informant tactics rarely if ever found in other cases. The Article situates the left-wing entrapment claims in the context of wider government attempts to target left-wing activists, and provides an initial analysis of the main factors leading to questionable sting operations in left-wing terrorism cases.
Childhood Sexual Violence Against Boys: A Study in 3 Countries
Authors: Sumner Steven A. , Mercy James A. , Buluma Robert , Mwangi Mary W. , Marcelin Louis H. , Kheam They , Lea Veronica , Brookmeyer Kathryn , Kress Howard , Hillis Susan D. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Globally, little evidence exists on sexual violence against boys. We sought to produce the first internationally comparable estimates of the magnitude, characteristics, risk factors, and consequences of sexual violence against boys in 3 diverse countries.

METHODS:
We conducted nationally representative, multistage cluster Violence Against Children Surveys in Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia among males aged 13 to 24 years. Differences between countries for boys experiencing sexual violence (including sexual touching, attempted sex, and forced/coerced sex) before age 18 years were examined by using χ2 and logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS:
In Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia, respectively, 1459, 1456, and 1255 males completed surveys. The prevalence of experiencing any form of sexual violence ranged from 23.1% (95% confidence Interval [CI]: 20.0–26.2) in Haiti to 14.8% (95% CI: 12.0–17.7) in Kenya, and 5.6% (95% CI: 4.0–7.2) in Cambodia. The largest share of perpetrators in Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia, respectively, were friends/neighbors (64.7%), romantic partners (37.2%), and relatives (37.0%). Most episodes occurred inside perpetrators’ or victims’ homes in Haiti (60.4%), contrasted with outside the home in Kenya (65.3%) and Cambodia (52.1%). The most common time period for violence in Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia was the afternoon (55.0%), evening (41.3%), and morning (38.2%), respectively. Adverse health effects associated with violence were common, including increased odds of transactional sex, alcohol abuse, sexually transmitted infections, anxiety/depression, suicidal ideation/attempts, and violent gender attitudes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Differences were noted between countries in the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of sexual violence, yet associations with adverse health effects were pervasive. Prevention strategies tailored to individual locales are needed.
Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y comportamientos violentos en estudiantes de 11 a 18 años. Itagüí, Colombia
Authors: Chavarriaga Rios Marcia Cristina , Segura Cardona Angela Maria 
Published: April 2016

<p>Determinar la asociación entre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) y los comportamientos violentos en los escolarizados del municipio de Itagüí, 2011.</p><p><strong>Método </strong>Estudio analítico transversal con una muestra probabilística de 646 estudiantes de las instituciones educativas. Los estudiantes diligenciaron de manera individual, anónima y voluntaria un cuestionario con preguntas sobre características socio demográficas, consumo de SPA y comportamientos violentos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para estas variables. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95 % (IC95 %); se realizó un análisis multivariado para determinar asociación y estimación de riesgo.</p><p><strong>Resultados </strong>646 estudiantes contestaron satisfactoriamente la encuesta. La mediana de la edad fue 15 años (Rq3). El 45,6 % son hombres y el 54,3 % mujeres; el 59,3 % pertenecen a estrato socioeconómico bajo, el 38,9 % medio y el 0,8 % estrato alto; el 53,4 % manifestó haber consumido alguna SPA; el 46,9 % dice consumir bebidas alcohólicas durante el último año; el 15,3 % marihuana. Todas las sustancias consumidas se asociaron y al ajustar variables, la mayoría representaron riesgo para el joven ser autor de comportamientos violentos.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones </strong>El consumo de SPA, se asocia con los comportamientos violentos del joven y representa un factor de riesgo para serlo. la heroína, la cocaína y éxtasis representan mayor riesgo que las demás SPA analizadas. Al ajustar con las demás variables, el cigarrillo, los inhalables entre otras dejaron de ser FR.</p><p><strong>Palabras Clave</strong>:<strong> </strong>Bebidas alcohólicas, violencia, estudiantes, estudios transversales, medidas de asociación, exposición, riesgo o desenlace.</p>
Thermal oxidation behavior of glass-forming Ti–Zr–(Nb)–Si alloys
Authors: Abdi Somayeh , Bönisch Matthias , Oswald Steffen , Khoshkhoo Mohsen Samadi , Gruner Wolfgang , Lorenzetti Martina , Wolff Ulrike , Calin Mariana , Eckert Jürgen , Gebert Annett 
Published: April 2016

Abstract