bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A determinação da idade das rochas
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Mizusaki Ana Maria Pimentel , Almeida Fernando Flávio Marques de 
Published: August 2017

Em pouco mais de 200 anos, a idade da Terra admitida pela ciência passou de alguns milhares para cerca de 4,56 bilhões de anos. Muitas analogias são empregadas para facilitar a compreensão dos conceitos de tempo profundo ou abismo do tempo mas, não obstante, essas idéias permanecem de difícil assimilação, pois as escalas e relações envolvidas são incomuns e freqüentemente complexas. A profunda inflexão no pensamento, e até mesmo na perspectiva humana, sobre a idade da Terra, decorre do amadurecimento da Geologia como ciência. Métodos específicos são necessários para determinação de idades de rochas e sua aplicação mais direta: o estudo do tempo geológico. Os métodos estratigráficos, paleontológicos e geocronológicos são empregadosmuitas vezes de forma integrada, para garantir resultados confiáveis; constituem parte essencial do conceito moderno de Geociências ou de Ciências da Terra. É conveniente fazer um estudo dos princípios teóricos e das principais - e acaloradas - polêmicas envolvidas, para se compreender de que modo o conhecimento acumulado a partir desses princípios e métodos tornou o planeta tão antigo; são idéias que afetaram profundamente a visão atual sobre a duração e permanência da espécie humana na Terra.
Relato final do II Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Assis José Fernando Pina 
Published: August 2017

O II Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, promovido pelo Centro de Geociências da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), foi realizado entre os dias 14 e 17 de maio de 2003, em Belém, nas dependências do Campus Universitário do Guamá, da UFPA. O Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia reuniu-se pela primeira vez, como entidade autônoma, em setembro de 2002 durante o 43º Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, realizado em João Pessoa, PB. Nas discussões foram levantadas várias teses, relativas à estrutura e aos rumos da formação do geólogo nas universidades brasileiras, devidamente formalizadas perante as sessões plenárias do congresso.
Terræ Didatica chega para ampliar a interseção entre Ciências da Terra e Educação
Authors: Editorial Equipe 
Published: August 2017

O interesse crescente por temas geocientíficos nas sociedades contemporâneas pode ser evidenciado de inúmeras formas. Dentre elas, sobressai-se o chamado cinema-catástrofe, vantajosamente aproveitado pelos produtores internacionais, que apresentam – e representam – diferentes tipos de ameaças às populações na Terra, sempre relacionadas a fenômenos naturais, cuja dinâmica tem sido muitas vezes agravada por efeitos incontroláveis das ações e processos antrópicos. São representações, ou seja, um tipo de exibição que busca fazer com que as pessoas aceitem um certo modo de ver, ou assumam determinado ponto de vista. Ao provocar a reflexão de numerosíssimas pessoas sobre esses efeitos, os produtores, deliberadamente ou não, conseguem despertar/fortalecer alguma consciência ambiental sobre o resultado de nossos padrões de consumo de bens naturais e utilização de espaços físicos e apropriação de seres vivos, bem como as crescentes taxas de aproveitamento de fontes de energia.
Zastosowanie wybranych bodźców fizykalnych podczas profesjonalnych zabiegów kosmetologicznych. Część I. Prąd galwaniczny jako czynnik wspomagający przezskórny transport substancji aktywnych zawartych w profesjonalnych preparatach kosmetycznych
Authors: Wesołowska Jolanta , Iwan-Ziętek Iza , Mosiejczuk Hanna , Kemicer-Chmielewska Ewa , Marchlewicz Mariola 
Published: August 2017

Prąd galwaniczny może być stosowany w kosmetologii podczas zabiegów jonoforezy w celu zwiększenia efektywności zabiegu pielęgnacyjnego lub wspomagającego leczenia chorób dermatologicznych. Aby uzyskać optymalny efekt zabiegu, należy przestrzegać procedury zabiegu oraz stosować odpowiednie preparaty kosmetyczne przeznaczone do jonoforezy – podlegające dysocjacji elektrolitycznej.
Zespół aktywacji makrofagów w chorobie Stilla u dorosłych – opis przypadku
Authors: Lewandowska Marzena , Brzosko Marek Brzosko 
Published: August 2017

Wstęp: Zespół aktywacji makrofagów (MAS) jest rzadkim powikłaniem chorób autoimmunologicznych. U jego podstawy leżą zaburzenia funkcjonowania układu immunologicznego. Sympto­matologia może być różna, z różną dynamiką narastania objawów.Opis przypadku: Kobieta z ustalonym rozpoznaniem choroby Stilla u dorosłych została przyjęta do kliniki z powodu gorączki trwającej od 7 dni, osłabienia, wysypki obejmującej skórę całego ciała oraz objawów dyspeptycznych. W trakcie diagnostyki stwierdzono pancytopenię, hipertrójglicerydemię, hiperferrytynemię, hipofibrynogenemię, podwyższoną aktywność wszystkich enzymów wątrobowych, podwyższone stężenie białka C-reaktywnego, a także obecność przeciwciał przeciwjądrowych. W leczeniu początkowo zastosowano empiryczną antybiotykoterapię oraz pulsy metyloprednizolonu, co jednak nie przyniosło poprawy. Po otrzymaniu wyniku badania cytologicznego szpiku, w którym opisano pobudzoną fagocytozę mogącą odpowiadać zespołowi MAS, doleczenia włączono deksametazon oraz cyklosporynę A i wówczas stwierdzono poprawę. Chora zostawała pod stałą opieką przyklinicznej poradni reumatologicznej i od 20 miesięcy nie nastąpił nawrót MAS.Wnioski: Zespół aktywacji makrofagów jest rzadkim, groźnym powikłaniem chorób autoimmunologicznych wymagającym szybkiego rozpoznania i agresywnego leczenia.
Wheat Production, Nitrogen Transformation, and Nitrogen Losses as Affected by Nitrification and Double Inhibitors
Authors: Thapa Resham , Chatterjee Amitava 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
The environmental and agronomic benefits of amending urea with inhibitors was evaluated.
Double inhibitor significantly reduced all three major N losses compared with urea.
Nitrification inhibitor did not reduce NH3 volatilization.
Higher N2O fluxes were observed at 35 to 60% WFPS, soil temperature >10°C, and NO3− contents >5 mg kg−1 dry soil.
Nitrification inhibitor/double inhibitors maintained spring wheat grain and protein yields.
Enhanced efficiency fertilizers have the potential to reduce N losses from urea (U)‐fertilized soils. A field study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 at Glyndon, MN, under rainfed spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to assess the effectiveness of U with/without nitrification inhibitor (NI) or both urease and nitrification inhibitors (DI) to reduce N losses and improve crop yields. Treatments consisted of three N sources (U, NI, and DI) applied at two N rates (146 and 168 kg N ha−1) along with the control. In 2015, DI significantly reduced ammonia (NH3) volatilization by 34% and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 43% as compared with U (7.78 kg NH3–N ha−1, 2.24 kg N2O‐N ha−1). Similarly, NI (9.85 kg NH3–N ha−1, 1.05 kg N2O‐N ha−1) significantly reduced N2O emissions by 53%, but had similar NH3 loss to that of U. The DI significantly reduced NH3 loss by 48% compared with NI. Higher N2O fluxes were observed when WFPS (water‐filled pore space) lies between 35 and 60%, soil temperature >10 to 12°C, and soil NO3− contents >5 mg kg−1. Urea with NI or DI also reduced soil water nitrate (NO3−) concentrations below the rooting zone. The grain and protein yields were similar among U, NI, and DI treatments. These results suggest that the combined application of both urease and nitrification inhibitors could be an effective means to reduce all possible N losses from urea‐fertilized soils, while maintaining crop yields in rainfed spring wheat system.
Cover Crops Could Offset Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Carbon and Other Properties: A Review
Authors: Ruis Sabrina J. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Corn residue removal reduces soil organic C stocks and other soil properties.
Cover crop increases soil organic C stocks and other properties.
Cover crop may not offset soil organic C losses from residue removal in the short term.
More data are needed on cover crop effects on soil properties after residue removal.
Crop residue removal for livestock or biofuel production is common. Excessive residue removal may reduce soil organic carbon (SOC) and other soil properties. Cover crop (CC) could be a strategy to ameliorate negative effects of residue removal, but this has not been widely discussed. We synthesized studies on the impacts of CC addition following crop residue removal on SOC and related properties, discussed opportunities and challenges of using CC after residue removal, and highlighted research needs. We first briefly reviewed the separate effects of residue removal and CC before reviewing their combined effects. Our review found that ≥50% residue removal reduced SOC stocks by 0.87 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and <50% removal by 0.31 Mg ha−1 yr−1. However, CC increased SOC by 0.49 Mg ha−1 yr−1, suggesting that CC could offset at least part of the SOC lost with removal. Studies evaluating CC effects on soil properties after residue removal are few and short term (<6 yr) but appeared to show limited potential of CC to offset residue removal effects. However, some studies indicated trends for increased SOC, suggesting CC may offset removal effects in the long term. While opportunities exist to integrate residue removal with CC use, challenges including low CC biomass and reduction in crop yield in water‐limited regions must be addressed. Further research on interactive effects of CC and residue removal is needed across different cropping systems and climates.
Effects of Winter Foot Traffic on Annual Bluegrass Putting‐Green Quality in Western Oregon
Authors: Gould Micah , Kowalewski Alec , Mattox Clint , McDonald Brian , Olsen Conner 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
The objective was to document effects of winter foot traffic on an annual bluegrass putting green.
Foot traffic applied at 440 rounds per day produced the greatest reduction in turf quality and color.
Traffic should be limited to 220 rounds per day to prevent unacceptable turf quality and color from developing during winter months.
Rounds per week can be increased in the final week of March, when annual bluegrass is able to recover from traffic.
CONTEXTUALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS VALUES IN MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Authors: Dalmeri Dalmeri 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">This paper is the result of research applying reflective philosophical approach that try to answer the the question about the integration of the values of science and the values of the Islamic religion to shape the character of college students and the contextualization of religious values in the development science and technology in the multicultural era such as Indonesia. The findings of this research is, that Islam as a religion has always advocated Muslims to always holds integration, because, religion and science are not contradictive. and controversial, but complementary. Such a perspective, factually was able to build positive character among students in Jakarta, because for them religion is seen as a driving force for the development of science and discovery in science and technology should be aligned with the values of Islam, so it is not pulled out from the roots of religious values sublime.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Tulisan hasil riset dengan pendekatan penelitian reflektif filosofis terhadap integrasi nilai-nilai sains dan nilai-nilai agama Islam ini, mencoba menjawab persoalan integrasi nilai-nilai sains dan nilai-nilai agama Islam untuk membentuk karakter mahasiswa perguruan tinggi dan kontekstulisasi nilai-nilai agama dalam perkembangan sains dan teknologi di era multikultural seperti Indonesia. Adapun temuan peneletian ini adalah, bahwa Islam sebagai sebuah agama selalu menganjurkan umatnya untuk selalu berpandangan integratif. Sebab, antara agama dan sains tidak bersifat kontradiktif dan berlawanan, melainkan saling melengkapi. Cara pandang seperti ini, ternyata mampu membentuk karakter positif di kalangan mahasiswa perguruan tinggi di Jakarta, sebab bagi mereka agama dipandang sebagai pendorong bagi perkembangan ilmu penge­tahuan dan penemuan sains dan teknologi harus diselaraskan dengan nilai-nilai Islam, sehingga tidak tercerabut dari akar nilai-nilai agama yang luhur.
AL-QUR’AN AND HUMAN MIND: THE FACTS OF SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Aswirna Prima , Fahmi Reza 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">The scientific facts claimed in the Qur'an are found in different discorces, including in the terms of creation, astronomy, human reproduction, oceanology, embroyology, zoology, and water cycle. This article explored the miracle of al-Qur’an on scientific knowledge, especially natural science. Applying the approach of descriptive analysis, this study was able to demonstrate the empirical facts about the miracle of al-Qur’an that have been discovered the scientific truth in science. This article also showed the limitations of human intellect to understand all the realities existing in this world, as well as advocated human beings on the importance of returning dialoging al-Qur'an and intellect in exploring science.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Fakta-fakta ilmiah yang diklaim dalam al-Qur'an ada di berbagai wacana, ter­masuk dalam hal ini penciptaan, astronomi, reproduksi manusia, oseanologi, embroyologi, zoologi, dan siklus air. Artikel ini ingin mengeksplorasi tentang keajaiban al-Qur'an dalam pengetahuan ilmiah, terutama dalam ilmu alam. Dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif, penelitian ini mampu menunjukkan fakta empiris keajaiban al-Qur'an telah ditemukan kebenaran ilmiah dalam ilmu. Artikel ini juga menunjukkan keterbatasan kecerdasan manusia untuk me­mahami semua realitas yang ada di dunia ini. Serta mengajak kembali kepada manusia pentingnya untuk kembali mendialogkan antara al-Qur'an dan ke­cerdas­an dalam mengeksplorasi ilmu pengetahuan.
Ozonation for the removal of bisphenol A
Authors: Mutseyekwa Michael Emmanuel , Doğan Şifa , Pirgalıoğlu Saltuk 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The mechanism of byproduct formation and oxidation pathway of bisphenol A (BPA) during ozonation process have been compared under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions at an applied ozone dose of 5.3 mg·L−1 min−1. Alkaline conditions promoted the fastest removal and the pseudo first-order reaction rate constant was calculated as 0.15 min−1. Complete removal under alkaline conditions (after 30 minutes of reaction time) was achieved with 1.59 mg ozone per mg BPA and 52% mineralization was achieved at 6.04 mg ozone application per mg total organic carbon (after 90 minutes of reaction time). Hydroxyl radical dominated degradation pathway (pH 10) resulted with opening of ring-structured products into Heptanoic acid, methyl ester. Sixty per cent BPA removal occurred under acidic conditions where the ozone was dominant and formation of Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl- and 2-Phenylbenzoquinone were evidenced. Despite the fact that complete removal was achieved under neutral conditions, mineralization was not remarkable and both hydroxyl radical and ozone-based degradation pattern was evidenced after the treatment.
Recovery of nutrients from digested sludge as struvite with a combination process of acid hydrolysis and Donnan dialysis
Authors: Uysal Ayla , Tuncer Dilara , Kir Esengul , Koseoglu Tugba Sardohan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this study, the effects of the combination of acid hydrolysis and Donnan dialysis on the high-quality struvite production from digested sewage sludge were examined. The Box–Behnken design was applied in the hydrolysis using oxalic acid for the optimization of the conditions that affect the nutrients and metal release from digested sludge. An optimal condition was obtained at oxalic acid 0.5 M, acid/sludge ratio (mL/g) 10/1, and reaction time 60 min. The separation of the metals from hydrolyzed sludge liquid was carried out with the Donnan dialysis using a Nafion 117 cation exchange membrane. At the end of the 4 hours of operating time, the recovery values for Zn, K, Na, Mg, Fe, and Al were obtained as 67.9%, 62.1%, 57.6%, 39.4%, 5.3%, and 2.5%, respectively. The produced struvite meets the legal limits for fertilizer use in terms of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cr content specified by Turkish regulations. A high Ca/Mg molar ratio and the presence of K, Na, and Al affected the efficiency of struvite crystallization. The use of oxalic acid resulted in low Ca release, and the metal ions that affect struvite purity were eliminated using Donnan dialysis.
Cultivation of New Emerging Agro-Nutritional Crop of Quinoa at Madinat al-Hikmah Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Rizvi Muhammad Afzal , Ali Syed Abid , Munir Iqra , Yasmeen Kousar , Abid Rubina , Ahmed Shakeel 
Published: August 2017

Aim:
Quinoa is a popular source of protein, minerals and alternative to traditional grains. The objective of this study is to introduce the Quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh province of Pakistan.

Method:
A variety of NARC-9 from the agricultural Punjab province was cultivated and subjected to analyze the growth, morphological characters of the varieties obtained, saponin, protein and the elemental composition viz. Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Pb, and Zn.

Result:
The result demonstrated the optimum growth and no disease were found in the experimental area. At least three major varieties of quinoa were obtained. Seed morphological data of these three quinoa cultivars were collected. The average saponin levels were quite reasonable. Overall proteins band pattern revealed very high polymorphism in quinoa cultivars and the results were also in good agreement with earlier studies.

Conclusion:
All quinoa cultivars of Madinat al-Hikmah showed high concentrations of albumin than globulin concentrations (i.e. 48-52% and 24-27%, respectively) as compared to control seeds from market that had similar concentrations of the two fractions i.e. 35.58% and 37.68%, respectively. Likewise, low concentrations of prolamin 14-16% and glutelin 11-12% compared to control seeds 13% rank our crop much better quality than the imported one in the market. The trend of elemental accumulation was followed as K >Na >Fe >Zn >Cu >Pb >Cd, while for comparison it was Na >K >Zn >Fe >Cu >Pb >Cd >Pb for wheat grown under similar conditions. Traditional grains together make a major contribution to the total nutritional element intake of the average Pakistani citizen through diet, not only because of large amounts consumed, but also in part by suitable levels of their proteins and elemental up take for good health. Thus the successful cultivation of quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh will certainly prove beneficial.
Isoflurane but not Fentanyl Causes Apoptosis in Immature Primary Neuronal Cells
Authors: Berns Monika , Wolter Anna Christine , Bührer Christoph , Endesfelder Stefanie , Kerner Thoralf 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Anaesthetics are widely used in new-borns and preterm infants, although it is known that they may adversely affect the developing brain.

Objective:
We assessed the impact of the volatile anaesthetic, isoflurane, and the intravenous analgesic, fentanyl, on immature and mature embryonic neuronal cells.

Methods:
Primary neuronal cultures from embryonic rats (E18) cultured for 5 (immature) or 15 days (mature) in vitro (DIV), respectively, were exposed to isoflurane (1.5 Vol.%) or fentanyl (0.8 - 200 ng/ml) for 24 hours. Experiments were repeated in the presence of the γ-amino butyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonists, bicuculline or picrotoxin (0.1 mmol/l), or the pancaspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk (20 nmol/l). Cell viability was assessed by methyltetrazolium (MTT) metabolism or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

Results:
Isoflurane reduced cell viability significantly in primary neuronal cells cultured for 5 DIV (Δ MTT -28 ±13%, Δ LDH +143 ±15%). Incubation with bicuculline, picrotoxin or zVAD-fmk protected the cells mostly from isoflurane toxicity. After 15 DIV, cell viability was not reduced by isoflurane. Viability of primary neurons cultured for 5 DIV did not change with fentanyl over the wide range of concentrations tested.

Conclusion:
Immature primary neurons may undergo apoptosis following exposure to isoflurane but are unaffected by fentanyl. Mature primary neurons were not affected by isoflurane exposure.
Patient Reported Pain and Disability Following a Distal Radius Fracture: A Prospective Study
Authors: Lalone Emily , MacDermid Joy , Grewal Ruby , King Graham 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Fractures of the distal radius are common. Few studies investigating the extended long term outcomes of participants following a distal radius fracture (especially beyond 2 years) and they have relied on subjective measures or single objective tests to measure participant’s final outcome.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to describe the pain and disability in long-term follow-up of participants after a distal radius fracture. Participants who had previously participated in a prospective study, where baseline and standardized one-year follow-up were performed, were contacted to volunteer to participate in this follow-up (FU) study. Sixty-five participants (17 males, 48 females) with an average age of 57 (SD 13) years at the time of injury and 67 (SD 13 years) at follow-up were evaluated at an average of 11(SD 6) years (range 2-20 years).

Results:
The majority of patients (85%) participants reported no change or had less pain and disability (PRWE) (<5 point difference) at their long-term follow-up compared to their one year PRWE scores. One year PRWE scores were found to be predictive (19.1%) of the variability in long term PRWE score (p=0.02). Age, gender, and mechanism of fall were not significant predictors of worsened outcome.

Conclusion:
The majority of people that are experiencing no or low patient reported pain and disability one year following a DRF can expect to retain their positive outcome 10-20 years later. This study did not identify how to predict worsened outcome.
DEVELOPING THE SPATIAL RELATIONS BASED ON INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE RECREATIONAL ENTERPRISES OF SAINT PETERSBURG
Authors: Дыбаль Михаил , Dybal Mikhail 
Published: August 2017

The territory of Saint Petersburg is divided into 18 districts. One of them, the Kurortny district, has been formed in the health resort area of St. Petersburg. In 1898 by decree of Emperor Nicholas II Sestroretskiy resort with Europe's largest swimming pool with mineral water was founded on the territory of modern Kurortny district. In 1907 Sestroretskiy resort was awarded the GRAN-PRIX at the world balneology exhibition in Spa (Belgium). Currently, the Kurortny district is constantly has more than 40 establishments of sanatorium-resort complex, where annually more than 300 thousand of citizens and guests of the Northern capital improve their health.
The article considers spatial communications and relations among recreational facilities. The author determines the main factors of tourism development of recreational areas, particularly reveals the main natural healing factors of the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg. The article considers the state and development prospects of the spatial relationships among recreational institutions through the example of sites of the Northern capital. The author offers technology of complex automation system of recreational facility management as a development factor of spatial relations and attracting tourists to the region and development of recreational facilities.