bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Sustainability in Biomanufacturing Facility Design
Authors: Capparella Josh , Colucci Samuel , Conner Daniel , Dick Robert , Weko Amanda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A holistic optimization approach to the design of sustainable biopharmaceutical and vaccine manufacturing facility seeks to minimize energy and resources use while maximizing the efficiency of biopharmaceutical or vaccine production. The integration of sustainable engineering considerations into process technology and business productivity yields the most positive outcome for the triple bottom line of people, planet, and profits.
Prokaryotic Systems Biology
Authors: Kacmarczyk Thadeous , Waltman Peter , Bonneau Richard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis chapter will briefly review the most common technologies employed in prokaryotic systems biology projects. When possible, we will highlight the relevance to prokaryotic biology and the role prokaryotic systems might have had in the inception of the technology overall. We will then walk the reader through four functional genomics projects. Although this review cannot cover all details of the full, field‐wide, efforts directed at even a single organism, we do think it is instructive to attempt to outline the efforts directed to each of these systems. We wish to highlight the biological insights gleaned from these studies and demonstrate that these studies illustrate a very productive interface between systems biology, computational biology and more traditional (small numbers of genes) molecular biology that is already in operation in the studies we review.
The Plant Genome: Decoding the Transcriptional Hardwiring
Authors: Grotewold Erich , Springer Nathan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTranscription consists of the retrieval of information stored in the genome into mRNAs by DNA‐dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs). The regulation of transcription is controlled throughcis‐regulatory elements (CREs) that tether regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors (TFs), which act to direct the RNAP to transcribe specific genes with particular temporal and spatial patterns. Here, we provide a plant gene‐centred perspective of how the regulatory code is believed to be hardwired and how TFs interpret this code to deliver the appropriate signals to the transcriptional machinery.
ArabidopsisRoot Development
Authors: Luijten Marijn , Heidstra Renze 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn plant development, the basic body plan is laid down during embryogenesis. Development carries on postembryogenically above and below ground with the continuous formation and outgrowth of lateral organs shaping the adult plant. In the past two decades, molecular genetics has been the preferred approach to studyArabidopsis thalianaroot development. These efforts have resulted in the identification of numerous genes, involved in as many regulatory processes of root growth and development. Incidentally, conserved mechanisms and genetic factors that act in root and shoot growth have been uncovered, revealing general principles of plant development. Transport‐mediated graded distribution of the phytohormone auxin, for example, acts as a global organizer that is locally translated into distinct cellular responses by specific auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid–AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR pairs. In the root, these responses promote expression of thePLETHORAregulators that act dose‐dependently in controlling root morphology. The stem cell niche is uniquely defined by the combinatorial activity of the PLETHORA and SHORT‐ROOT/SCARECROW transcription factors yet deploy signaling mechanisms that are conserved in root and shoot stem cell maintenance. Perpetual divisions of the stem cells are tightly regulated, interconnecting epigenetic factors, hormonal control and core cell cycle components. In this chapter, we will focus on recent advances in our understanding ofArabidopsisroot development. Taking embryogenesis as a starting point, we will describe the genes and mechanisms involved in root meristem and stem cell patterning and maintenance.
Root Epidermal Development inArabidopsis
Authors: Horn Rebecca , Yi Keke , Menand Benoît , Pernas‐Ochoa Monica , Takeda Seiji , Walker Tom , Dolan Liam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe root epidermis is the layer of cells that surrounds the mature root before it undergoes secondary thickening and is an active interface between the plant and the soil environment. The epidermis develops early in embryogenesis along with the rest of the root meristem (radicle). Upon germination, it emerges from below the protective root cap and differentiates into hair and hairless epidermal cells. Hair cells serve to increase the surface area of the root across which water and nutrients can be transported and are the sites where the plant first makes contacts with a range of microorganisms, including the nitrogen‐fixing bacteria of the genusRhizobium. There is an enormous diversity of root epidermis types among the land plants but for the purposes of this chapter, we will focus largely on the development of the epidermis ofArabidopsis. First, we will describe the earliest stages of epidermal development in the embryo. Then, we will define the functions of a number of genes that are required for the maintenance of epidermal identity in the postembryonic seedling root and the mechanism that gives rise to the patterned array of hair and hairless cells in the epidermis. Finally, we will consider the mechanism of root hair morphogenesis and the effect of environmental factors, such as inorganic phosphate and iron, on root hair development in bothArabidopsisand some crop species.
Fern Root Development
Authors: Hou Guichuan , Blancaflor Elison B. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Ferns have a special niche among land vascular plants since they have a different mode of root system construction in comparison with that of seed plants. Ferns have nonbipolar embryos and their ‘primary roots’ are lateral in embryonic origin. There are no distinct embryonic and postembryonic phases of root development in ferns because nonseed plant embryos do not undergo dormancy and germination. A recent study in the model fern
Ceratopteris richardii
has identified two shoot‐borne root populations: stem‐born and leaf‐born, which exhibit different temporal and spatial developmental patterns. In contrast to seed plants, roots of most ferns possess a single apical cell that is the ultimate source of all cells in the root. The single root apical cell divides in a predictable manner producing daughter merophytes and each merophyte in turn divides and differentiates in a predictable pattern. Lateral root development in ferns also involves initiation of a single lateral root apical cell from the endodermal layer of the parent root. Previous studies show that exogenous auxins could not induce additional lateral root formation in ferns but inhibited both parent and lateral root growth. Although this indicates that the physiology of fern roots is similar in some respects to that of flowering plant roots, the developmental program for lateral root initiation in ferns might be different compared to flowering plants. Molecular and genetic studies of fern roots have lagged behind that of flowering plant roots. By drawing attention to the unique anatomical features of fern roots, we hope to generate more interest in ferns as a model for root developmental studies.
Energetics of Nitrogen Acquisition
Authors: Bloom Arnold J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlants employ a variety of mechanisms to acquire nitrogen from their environment ranging from carnivory to symbiotic relationships with bacteria. Most plants, however, obtain the majority of their nitrogen as nitrate and ammonium that their roots absorb from soils. To compete successfully against soil micro‐organisms for soil nitrate or ammonium, plants adjust their growth, development and physiology to exploit the distinct properties of each ion.Nitrate is more mobile than ammonium through most soils. Plants can store high concentrations of nitrate, but not ammonium, within their tissues. Yet, assimilation of nitrate into amino acids is far more energy‐intensive than that of ammonium. Plants offset some of the energy costs of nitrate assimilation by coupling it with photorespiration. Rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere inhibits photorespiration and, thereby, nitrate assimilation. Therefore, ammonium and nitrate management will become even more critical in the future.
The Nuclear Pore Complex in Symbiosis and Pathogen Defence
Authors: Binder Andreas , Parniske Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNuclear pores mediate all transport in and out of the nucleus. While nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) have been intensively studied in yeast and animals, they are not well characterized in plants. Nevertheless, forward and reverse genetic screens have identified plant nucleoporins with functions in various plant processes, including plant‐microbe interactions. This indicates that signalling between cytoplasm and nucleus is a key event in the corresponding pathways. Loss of function mutants ofLotus japonicus NUCLEOPORIN85(NUP85),NUP133andNENAare impaired in arbuscular mycorrhiza and root nodule symbiosis and unable to induce symbiotic calcium oscillations in the nucleus.Arabidopsis thaliana NUP96andNUP88are required in both pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered and disease‐resistance (R) gene‐mediated defence signalling. In comparison to the yeast and animal systems, this review discusses possible specific and general functions and targets of plant nucleoporins with a focus on the role of the NPC in plant‐microbe interactions.
Recent Progress on Advanced Materials for Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cells Operating Below 500 °C
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Knibbe Ruth , Sunarso Jaka , Zhong Yijun , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping , Zhu Zhonghua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSolid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electricity generators that can convert the chemical energy in various fuels directly to the electric power with high efficiency. Recent advances in materials and related key components for SOFCs operating at ≈500 °C are summarized here, with a focus on the materials, structures, and techniques development for low‐temperature SOFCs, including the analysis of most of the critical parameters affecting the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte, anode, and cathode. New strategies, such as thin‐film deposition, exsolution of nanoparticles from perovskites, microwave plasma heating, and finger‐like channeled electrodes, are discussed. These recent developments highlight the need for electrodes with higher activity and electrolytes with greater conductivity to generate a high electrochemical performance at lower temperatures.
Challenges and Perspectives for NASICON‐Type Electrode Materials for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Shuangqiang , Wu Chao , Shen Laifa , Zhu Changbao , Huang Yuanye , Xi Kai , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decades, because of high overall abundance of precursors, their even geographical distribution, and low cost. Apart from inherent thermodynamic disadvantages, SIBs have to overcome multiple kinetic problems, such as fast capacity decay, low rate capacities and low Coulombic efficiencies. A special case is sodium super ion conductor (NASICON)‐based electrode materials as they exhibit – besides pronounced structural stability – exceptionally high ion conductivity, rendering them most promising for sodium storage. Owing to the limiting, comparatively low electronic conductivity, nano‐structuring is a prerequisite for achieving satisfactory rate‐capability. In this review, we analyze advantages and disadvantages of NASICON‐type electrode materials and highlight electrode structure design principles for obtaining the desired electrochemical performance. Moreover, we give an overview of recent approaches to enhance electrical conductivity and structural stability of cathode and anode materials based on NASICON structure. We believe that this review provides a pertinent insight into relevant design principles and inspires further research in this respect.
Anode Improvement in Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tao Tao , Lu Shengguo , Fan Ye , Lei Weiwei , Huang Shaoming , Chen Ying 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOwing to their theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1, lithium–sulfur batteries represent a promising future energy storage device to power electric vehicles. However, the practical applications of lithium–sulfur batteries suffer from poor cycle life and low Coulombic efficiency, which is attributed, in part, to the polysulfide shuttle and Li dendrite formation. Suppressing Li dendrite growth, blocking the unfavorable reaction between soluble polysulfides and Li, and improving the safety of Li–S batteries have become very important for the development of high‐performance lithium sulfur batteries. A comprehensive review of various strategies is presented for enhancing the stability of the anode of lithium sulfur batteries, including inserting an interlayer, modifying the separator and electrolytes, employing artificial protection layers, and alternative anodes to replace the Li metal anode.
trans‐Stilbene C‐Glycosides: Synthesis by a Microwave‐Assisted Heck Reaction and Evaluation of the SGLT‐2 Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Kumar Ponnapalli Kalyana , Kumar Adak Avijit , Das Anindya , Song Jen‐Shin , Wu Szu‐Huei , Sun Chung‐Ming , Lin Chun‐Cheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA protocol for the microwave‐assisted Heck coupling reaction of C‐aryl glycosides and styrenes has been developed for the synthesis of mono‐ and bis(C‐glycoside) stilbenes. This method exclusively provides C‐glycoside trans‐stilbenes in good yields. The Pd‐catalyzed Heck coupling reaction was successfully applied to various functionalized C‐glycosyl aryl iodides and various substituted styrenes to deliver several C‐glycoside trans‐stilbenes with high selectivity. The obtained C‐glycosyl trans‐stilbenes were also examined for human SGLT‐2 inhibitory activity.
Intramolecular Singlet Fission in an Antiaromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbon
Authors: Wu Yishi , Wang Yuancheng , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Guanxin , Yao Jiannian , Zhang Deqing , Fu Hongbing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSinglet fission (SF), in which one singlet exciton (S1) splits into two triplets (T1) on adjacent molecules through a correlated triplet‐pair 1(TT) state, requires precise but difficult tuning of exciton energetics and intermolecular electronic couplings in the solid state. Antiaromatic 4nπ dibenzopentalenes (DPs) are demonstrated as a new class of single‐chromophore‐based intramolecular SF materials that exhibit an optically allowed S2 state with E(S2)>2×E(T1) and an optically forbidden S1 state. Ultrafast population transfer from a high‐lying S2 state to a 1(TT) state was observed in monomeric solution of styryl‐substituted DP (SDP) on a sub‐picosecond timescale. There is evidence of exciton diffusion (ED) of the 1(TT) state to yield two individual long‐lived triplets in SDP thin film. The overall triplet yield via intramolecular SF and subsequent triplet‐pair diffusion can be as high as 142±10 % in thin film.
A Porphyrin Complex as a Self‐Conditioned Electrode Material for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Gao Ping , Chen Zhi , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Mueller Jonathan E. , Jung Christoph , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Diemant Thomas , Fuhr Olaf , Jacob Timo , Behm R. Jürgen , Ruben Mario , Fichtner Maximilian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe novel functionalized porphyrin [5,15‐bis(ethynyl)‐10,20‐diphenylporphinato]copper(II) (CuDEPP) was used as electrodes for rechargeable energy‐storage systems with an extraordinary combination of storage capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. The ability of CuDEPP to serve as an electron donor or acceptor supports various energy‐storage applications. Combined with a lithium negative electrode, the CuDEPP electrode exhibited a long cycle life of several thousand cycles and fast charge–discharge rates up to 53 C and a specific energy density of 345 Wh kg−1at a specific power density of 29 kW kg−1. Coupled with a graphite cathode, the CuDEPP anode delivered a specific power density of 14 kW kg−1. Whereas the capacity is in the range of that of ordinary lithium‐ion batteries, the CuDEPP electrode has a power density in the range of that of supercapacitors, thus opening a pathway toward new organic electrodes with excellent rate capability and cyclic stability.
Water‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Few‐Layer Black Phosphorous in a Dark Environment
Authors: Hu Zehua , Li Qiang , Lei Bo , Zhou Qionghua , Xiang Du , Lyu Zhiyang , Hu Fang , Wang Junyong , Ren Yinjuan , Guo Rui , Goki Eda , Wang Li , Han Cheng , Wang Jinlan , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) shows great potential in electronic and optoelectronic devices owing to its semiconducting properties, such as thickness‐dependent direct bandgap and ambipolar transport characteristics. However, the poor stability of BP in air seriously limits its practical applications. To develop effective schemes to protect BP, it is crucial to reveal the degradation mechanism under various environments. To date, it is generally accepted that BP degrades in air via light‐induced oxidation. Herein, we report a new degradation channel via water‐catalyzed oxidation of BP in the dark. When oxygen co‐adsorbs with highly polarized water molecules on BP surface, the polarization effect of water can significantly lower the energy levels of oxygen (i.e. enhanced electron affinity), thereby facilitating the electron transfer from BP to oxygen to trigger the BP oxidation even in the dark environment. This new degradation mechanism lays important foundation for the development of proper protecting schemes in black phosphorus‐based devices.
Protonation of Nitramines: Where Does the Proton Go?
Authors: Saal Thomas , Rahm Martin , Christe Karl O. , Haiges Ralf 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe reactions of nitramine, N‐methyl nitramine, and N,N‐dimethyl nitramine with anhydrous HF and the superacids HF/MF5 (M=As, Sb) were investigated at temperatures below −40 °C. In solution, exclusive O‐protonation was observed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Whereas no solid product could be isolated from the neat HF solutions even at −78 °C, in the HF/MF5 systems, protonated nitramine MF6− salts were isolated for the first time as moisture‐sensitive solids that decompose at temperatures above −40 °C. In the solid state, depending on the counterion, O‐protonated or N‐protonated cations can be formed, in accord with theoretical calculations which show that the energy differences between O‐protonation and N‐protonation are very small. The salts [H2N‐NO2H][AsF6], [H3N‐NO2][SbF6], [MeHNNO2H][SbF6], and [Me2NNO2H][SbF6] were characterized by their X‐ray crystal structures.
Synthesis and structure of para‐toluene sulfonamide lanthanide complexes and their application in the polymerization of ε‐caprolactone
Authors: Wang Li‐Jun , Peng Ling , Cen Bo , Wang Yu‐Long , Tao Xian , Shen Ying‐Zhong 
Published: June 2017

A series of para‐toluene sulfonamide ligands [TsNHPr‐i(HL1), TsNHBu‐t(HL2), TsNHPh(HL3), TsNHPhMe‐p(HL4), TsNHPhOMe‐p(HL5)] were synthesized by amidation using para‐toluene sulfonyl chloride reacting with different primary amines. A series of homoleptic lanthanide complexes (Ln L3, 1–10) (Ln = La, L = L1 (1), Ln = Gd, L = L2 (2), Ln = La, L = L2 (3), Ln = Gd, L = L2(4), Ln = La, L = L3 (5), Ln = Gd, L = L3 (6), Ln = La, L = L4 (7), Ln = Gd, L = L4(8), Ln = La, L = L5 (9), Ln = Gd, L = L5 (10)) were prepared by amine elimination reactions of the ligands with Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3 (Ln = La, Gd). Complexes 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 were all characterized by NMR spectra, and the structures of complex 3 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 3 crystallizes a binuclear cluster, consisting of two La3+ and six (TsNBu‐t)− anions. Three (TsNBu‐t)− anions are chelating to each La3+ as bidentate model with O and N forming three‐membered chelate rings; one of three anions is bridging to another La3+ via oxygen. All complexes were characterized using elemental analysis and infrared spectra. The catalytic properties of complexes 1–10 for the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone were studied and the results showed that all complexes are efficient initiators for this ring‐opening polymerization reaction.
Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation of cyclopentanone over zeolite Y entrapped transition metal‐Schiff base complexes
Authors: Modi Chetan K. , Solanki Naresh , Vithalani Ravi , Patel Dikin 
Published: June 2017

Transition metal [M = VO (IV) and/or Cu (II)] complexes with Schiff base ligand, (Z)‐2‐((2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenol (H2L) have been entrapped in the super cages of zeolite‐Y by Flexible Ligand Method. Synthesized materials have been characterized by preferential physico‐chemical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), elemental analyses (CHN), fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic and UV‐reflectance spectra, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, scanning electron micrographs (SEMs), X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic competence of zeolite‐Y entrapped transition metal complexes was examined in Baeyer‐Villiger (BV) oxidation of cyclopentanone using 30% H2O2 as an oxidant beside neat complexes to check the aptitude of heterogeneous catalysis over the homogeneous system. The effect of experimental variables such as mole ratio of substrate to an oxidant, amount of catalyst, reaction time, varying oxidants and solvents on the conversion of cyclopentanone was also tested. Under the optimized reaction conditions, one of the zeolite‐Y entrapped transition metal complex viz. [VO(L)H2O]‐Y [where L = (Z)‐2‐((2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenol] was found to be a potential contender by providing 80.22% conversion of cyclopentanone (TON: 10479.42), and the selectivity towards δ‐valerolactone was 83.56%.
Oil and eicosapentaenoic acid production by the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated outdoors in Green Wall Panel (GWP®) reactors
Authors: Rodolfi Liliana , Biondi Natascia , Guccione Alessia , Bassi Niccolò , D'Ottavio Massimo , Arganaraz Gimena , Tredici Mario R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPhaeodactylum tricornutum is a widely studied diatom and has been proposed as a source of oil and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Recent studies indicate that lipid accumulation occurs under nutritional stress. Aim of this research was to determine how changes in nitrogen availability affect productivity, oil yield, and fatty acid (FA) composition of P. tricornutum UTEX 640. After preliminary laboratory trials, outdoor experiments were carried out in 40‐L GWP® reactors under different nitrogen regimes in batch. Nitrogen replete cultures achieved the highest productivity of biomass (about 18 g m−2 d−1) and EPA (about 0.35 g m−2 d−1), whereas nitrogen‐starved cultures achieved the highest FA productivity (about 2.6 g m−2 d−1). The annual potential yield of P. tricornutum grown outdoors in GWP® reactors is 730 kg of EPA per hectare under nutrient‐replete conditions and 5,800 kg of FA per hectare under nitrogen starvation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2204–2210. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.