bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: Superiority over laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Shiroki Ryoichi , Fukami Naohiko , Fukaya Kosuke , Kusaka Mamoru , Natsume Takahiro , Ichihara Takashi , Toyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNephron‐sparing surgery has been proven to positively impact the postoperative quality of life for the treatment of small renal tumors, possibly leading to functional improvements. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is still one of the most demanding procedures in urological surgery. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy sometimes results in extended warm ischemic time and severe complications, such as open conversion, postoperative hemorrhage and urine leakage. Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy exploits the advantages offered by the da Vinci Surgical System to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, equipped with 3‐D vision and a better degree in the freedom of surgical instruments. The introduction of the da Vinci Surgical System made nephron‐sparing surgery, specifically robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy, safe with promising results, leading to the shortening of warm ischemic time and a reduction in perioperative complications. Even for complex and challenging tumors, robotic assistance is expected to provide the benefit of minimally‐invasive surgery with safe and satisfactory renal function. Warm ischemic time is the modifiable factor during robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy to affect postoperative kidney function. We analyzed the predictive factors for extended warm ischemic time from our robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy series. The surface area of the tumor attached to the kidney parenchyma was shown to significantly affect the extended warm ischemic time during robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy. In cases with tumor‐attached surface area more than 15 cm2, we should consider switching robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy to open partial nephrectomy under cold ischemia if it is imperative. In Japan, a nationwide prospective study has been carried out to show the superiority of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in improving warm ischemic time and complications. By facilitating robotic technology, robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy will be more frequently carried out as a safe, effective and minimally‐invasive nephron‐sparing surgery procedure.
Comparison of diameter‐axial‐polar nephrometry score and RENAL nephrometry score for surgical outcomes following laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Yoshida Kenji , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Yoshida Takashi , Takayasu Kenta , Mishima Takao , Yanishi Masaaki , Komai Yoshihiro , Sugi Motohiko , Kawa Gen , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo compare diameter–axial–polar nephrometry score with RENAL nephrometry score for surgical outcomes after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 134 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, using diameter–axial–polar and RENAL scores. We analyzed data for warm ischemic time and estimated blood loss intraoperatively, and percentage change in estimated glomerular filtration rate 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Both scores were classified as low‐, middle‐ and high‐risk, and were used to compare the three analyzed parameters.ResultsThe median tumor size was 2.3 cm (range 1.0–5.4 cm); warm ischemic time was 25.4 min (range 6.5–57 min); and at 6 months and 1 year, percentage change in estimated glomerular filtration rate was 93% (range 51.7–133.3%) and 91% (range 49.4–137.6%), respectively. There were no significant differences in warm ischemic time and estimated blood loss for RENAL between risk groups (P = 0.38 and 0.09, respectively), but significant differences between groups for diameter–axial–polar score (P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). There were no significant differences in either score between groups for percentage change in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 6 months and 1 year. A total of 27 high‐risk cases with a diameter–axial–polar score of seven points underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy safely; all three cases with a diameter–axial–polar score of eight points were converted to open partial nephrectomy.ConclusionsDiameter–axial–polar score seems to estimate the complexity of tumor characteristics in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy better than RENAL score. It has a better correlation with warm ischemic time and estimated blood loss.
Emigration behavior and molting during the sea‐to‐land transition of terrestrial hermit crabs under laboratory conditions
Authors: Hamasaki Katsuyuki , Hatta Sora , Ishikawa Takuma , Yamashita Shota , Dan Shigeki , Kitada Shuichi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTerrestrial hermit crabs in the family Coenobitidae (genera Coenobita and Birgus) must migrate onto land after completing a pelagic larval stage in the ocean. Better knowledge of emigration behavior would assist in the conservation and management of coenobitid populations by helping identify and protect the habitats they need to complete their life cycles. We cultured laboratory‐born individuals of five coenobitid species (Coenobita cavipes, C. purpureus, C. rugosus, C. violascens, and Birgus latro) from megalopae to early juveniles (first, second, and/or third crabs) in vessels containing seawater and a hard substrate, and analyzed their behavior and molting in conjunction with our published data for C. brevimanus. Our results confirm that the coenobitids migrated from sea to land at the megalopal stage. Megalopae and early juveniles tended to select shells based on their body size. Inland‐dwelling coenobitids, such as C. brevimanus, C. cavipes, and B. latro, had a longer duration from landing to first molt and had a prolonged first crab intermolt period compared with those of the beach‐dwelling coenobitids C. purpureus, C. rugosus, and C. violascens, probably because of the adaptive traits for migrating to inland habitats. Little burrowing behavior was observed by megalopae of B. latro, but they had a strong tendency to be cryptic under shelters. Additionally, megalopae and early juveniles of Coenobita spp. created and utilized burrows somewhat differently. Our results suggest that coenobitids require specific microhabitats for completing their early life stages in the wild. In particular, megalopae of B. latro may need structurally complex refuges to migrate from the sea.
Mixed method integrative review exploring nurses’ recognition and response to unsafe practice
Authors: Blair Wendy , Kable Ashley , Courtney‐Pratt Helen , Doran Evan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo determine how nurses recognize and respond to unsafe practice.BackgroundPractice guidelines and standards outline safe practice. Nurses face challenges in recognizing and responding unsafe practice.DesignWhittemore and Knafl's revised framework for integrative reviews guided the analysis.Data sourcesA comprehensive search of literature exploring the identification and response to unsafe practice, was undertaken in CINAHL, Medline, Embase and PsychoINFO databases for the period 2004–2014.Review methodsNineteen articles from 15 studies were included in the review. A mixed method integrative approach was used to review data and draw conclusions.ResultsBehaviours and cues that indicate unsafe practice are influenced by organizational and individual characteristics. Individual nurses responses are variable and there are professional and personal costs associated with being reported or reporting unsafe practice.ConclusionThe small number of studies reviewed limits the conclusions that can be drawn from the review but suggest that nurses can identify unsafe practice in their peers. Individual nurses’ recognition and response to unsafe practice in their peers contributes to patient outcomes and safety. Nurses need awareness training and strategies to respond to unsafe practice and reporting systems that protect reporters from repercussions. Further research investigating organizational factors and individual factors that contribute to a shift in practice across safety boundaries is required.
LOCALIZATION AND INDUSTRY CLUSTERING ECONOMETRICS: AN ASSESSMENT OF GIBBS MODELS FOR SPATIAL POINT PROCESSES
Authors: Sweeney Stuart , Gómez‐Antonio Miguel 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to assess an approach to statistical modeling of point referenced establishment data that permit inclusion of “environmental” or establishment‐specific covariates and specific forms of interestablishment interaction. Gibbs models are used to decompose the conditional intensity of the spatial point process into trend and interaction components. The trend is composed of access measures (primarily different classes of roads) and three different interaction processes are tested: Geyer, area interaction, and Strauss hard core. While the models used have proved to be useful in ecology, we are unaware of any applications to establishment or firm data. In empirical application, the models yield intuitively appealing results for the trend component, and the ability to specify the interaction component gives deeper insights into interestablishment spatial dynamics than any previously published methods.
Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus via Seeds, Soil, Pruning and Irrigation Water
Authors: Li Jun‐Xiang , Liu Shan‐Shan , Gu Qin‐Sheng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV; genus Tobamovirus) infects frequently the grafted watermelon and is widely distributed in China. Investigating the transmission modes and their efficiency is urgently needed to understand the factors contributing to the epidemiology of this viral disease. In the present study, we found that the occurrence of CGMMV in a bottle gourd seed production base reached 100%, while the contamination rate and transmission rate were 100 and 0.92%, respectively. The bottle gourd plants showed obvious mottle symptom on leaves starting 36 days after seed sowing. The long latent period of CGMMV in seedlings implies a potential risk to use contaminated seeds in the production of grafted watermelon. This virus could overwinter in soil with debris of infected plants, and the infection rate of CGMMV from contaminated soils was 10.30%. CGMMV could be transmitted from infected watermelon plants to healthy ones by pruning at least to the ninth plant during the whole growing season. The transmission distance was 1.87 m by drip irrigation and 2.31 m by flow irrigation. This study suggested that contaminated seeds, contaminated soil, pruning and irrigation could transmit CGMMV at different efficiency, and all contribute to the epidemiology of CGMMV.
Identification and Molecular Characterization of a New Geminivirus Betasatellite Infecting Malvastrum coromandelianum in China
Authors: Tang Yafei , He Zifu , Du Zhenguo , She Xiaoman , Lan Guobing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe complete nucleotide sequence of a satellite molecule associated with Malvastrum leaf curl Guangdong virus (MLCuGdV) infecting M. coromandelianum plants exhibiting leaf curl symptoms in a suburb of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province of China, is described and analysed. The molecule has typical features of betasatellites, containing a single ORF in the complementary‐sense strand, an A‐rich region, the satellite‐conserved region and a stem–loop structure. Compared with the geminivirus betasatellites in GenBank database, this molecule shows the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 71.9% with Tomato leaf curl Philippine betasatellite isolate Laguna1 (ToLCPB, AB307732). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is more related to isolate Laguna 1 and Laguna 2 of ToLCPB. According to the proposed species demarcation threshold of betasatellites (78% nucleotide identity), it is a novel betasatellite species, for which we propose the name Malvastrum leaf curl Guangdong betasatellite (MLCuGdB).
Ecology and status of the jaguarundi Puma yagouaroundi: a synthesis of existing knowledge
Authors: Giordano Anthony J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The ecology of the jaguarundi is poorly known, so I reviewed the literature for all original data and remarks on jaguarundi observations, ecology, and behaviour, to synthesize what is known about the species.
Jaguarundis occupy and use a range of habitats with dense undergrowth from northern Mexico to central Argentina, but may be most abundant in seasonal dry, Atlantic, gallery, and mixed grassland/agricultural forest landscapes.
Jaguarundis are principally predators of small (sigmodontine) rodents, although other mammals, birds, and squamate reptiles are taken regularly.
The vast majority of jaguarundi camera‐trap records occurred during daylight hours (0600 h–1800 h); jaguaurndis are also predominantly terrestrial, although they appear to be capable tree climbers.
Home range sizes for jaguarundis vary greatly, but most are ≤25 km2; females' territories may be much smaller than or similar in size to those of males. Males may concentrate movements in one area before shifting to another and, as with other felids, intersexual overlap in habitat use appears to be common.
Interference competition may be important in influencing the distribution and ecology of jaguarundis, although their diurnal habits may somewhat mitigate its effect.
Conflict between humans and jaguarundis over small livestock may be widespread among rural human communities and is likely to be underreported. Despite this conflict, jaguarundis can persist in agriculturally modified landscapes and small forest fragments.
Additional research on local jaguarundi populations from more areas should be a priority to determine the true status of the species.
Characterization of Plasmodium phosphatidylserine decarboxylase expressed in yeast and application for inhibitor screening
Authors: Choi Jae‐Yeon , Kumar Vidya , Pachikara Niseema , Garg Aprajita , Lawres Lauren , Toh Justin Y. , Voelker Dennis R. , Ben Mamoun Choukri 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPhospholipid biosynthesis is critical for the development, differentiation and pathogenesis of several eukaryotic pathogens. Genetic studies have validated the pathway for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis from phosphatidylserine catalyzed by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase enzymes (PSD) as a suitable target for development of antimicrobials; however no inhibitors of this class of enzymes have been discovered. We show that the Plasmodium falciparum PSD can restore the essential function of the yeast gene in strains requiring PSD for growth. Genetic, biochemical and metabolic analyses demonstrate that amino acids between positions 40 and 70 of the parasite enzyme are critical for proenzyme processing and decarboxylase activity. We used the essential role of Plasmodium PSD in yeast as a tool for screening a library of anti‐malarials. One of these compounds is 7‐chloro‐N‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl)‐4‐quinolinamine, an inhibitor with potent activity against P. falciparum, and low toxicity toward mammalian cells. We synthesized an analog of this compound and showed that it inhibits PfPSD activity and eliminates Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice. These results highlight the importance of 4‐quinolinamines as a novel class of drugs targeting membrane biogenesis via inhibition of PSD activity
Cyclic‐di‐AMPsynthesis by the diadenylate cyclaseCdaAis modulated by the peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymeGlmMinLactococcus lactis
Authors: Zhu Yan , Pham Thi Huong , Nhiep Thi Hanh Nguyen , Vu Ngoc Minh Thu , Marcellin Esteban , Chakrabortti Alolika , Wang Yuanliang , Waanders Jennifer , Lo Raquel , Huston Wilhelmina M. , Bansal Nidhi , Nielsen Lars K. , Liang Zhao‐Xun , Turner Mark S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe second messenger cyclic‐di‐adenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) plays important roles in growth, virulence, cell wall homeostasis, potassium transport and affects resistance to antibiotics, heat and osmotic stress. MostFirmicutes contain only one c‐di‐AMPsynthesizing diadenylate cyclase (CdaA); however, little is known about signals and effectors controllingCdaAactivity and c‐di‐AMPlevels. In this study, a genetic screen was employed to identify components which affect the c‐di‐AMPlevel inLactococcus. We characterized suppressor mutations that restored osmoresistance to spontaneous c‐di‐AMPphosphodiesterasegdpPmutants, which contain high c‐di‐AMPlevels. Loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function mutations were identified in thecdaAandgdpPgenes, respectively, which led to lower c‐di‐AMPlevels. A mutation was also identified in the phosphoglucosamine mutase geneglmM, which is commonly located within thecdaAoperon in bacteria. TheglmMI154F mutation resulted in a lowering of the c‐di‐AMPlevel and a reduction in the key peptidoglycan precursorUDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine inL.lactis. C‐di‐AMPsynthesis byCdaAwas shown to be inhibited by GlmMI154Fmore thanGlmMand GlmMI154Fwas found to bind more strongly toCdaAthanGlmM. These findings identifyGlmMas a c‐di‐AMPlevel modulating protein and provide a direct connection between c‐di‐AMPsynthesis and peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
Insights into the smooth‐to‐rough transitioning in Mycobacterium bolletii unravels a functional Tyr residue conserved in all mycobacterial MmpL family members
Authors: Bernut Audrey , Viljoen Albertus , Dupont Christian , Sapriel Guillaume , Blaise Mickaël , Bouchier Christiane , Brosch Roland , de Chastellier Chantal , Herrmann Jean‐Louis , Kremer Laurent 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn mycobacteria, MmpL proteins represent key components that participate in the biosynthesis of the complex cell envelope. Whole genome analysis of a spontaneous rough morphotype variant of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii identified a conserved tyrosine that is crucial for the function of MmpL family proteins. Isogenic smooth (S) and rough (R) variants differed by a single mutation linked to a Y842H substitution in MmpL4a. This mutation caused a deficiency in glycopeptidolipid production/transport in the R variant and a gain in the capacity to produce cords in vitro. In zebrafish, increased virulence of the M. bolletii R variant over the parental S strain was found, involving massive production of serpentine cords, abscess formation and rapid larval death. Importantly, this finding allowed us to demonstrate an essential role of Tyr842 in several different MmpL proteins, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL3. Structural homology models of MmpL4a and MmpL3 identified two additional critical residues located in the transmembrane regions TM10 and TM4 that are facing each other. We propose that these central residues are part of the proton‐motive force that supplies the energy for substrate transport. Hence, we provide important insights into mechanistic/structural aspects of MmpL proteins as lipid transporters and virulence determinants in mycobacteria.
Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) Vaccination in Infancy and Risk of Childhood Diabetes
Authors: Rousseau Marie‐Claude , El‐Zein Mariam , Conus Florence , Legault Laurent , Parent Marie‐Elise 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundA narrow time window in infancy may be relevant for the aetiology of immune‐mediated type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether a non‐specific immune stimulation in the first year of life, as resulting from Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination, was associated with childhood diabetes.MethodsUsing data from a birth cohort assembled through linkage of administrative databases, 78 492 subjects born in 1974 were the object of the present analysis. Information was extracted from the birth, death, and BCG vaccination registries. Diabetes‐related health services were obtained from administrative health databases (physician billing claims and hospitalisation data) until 1994. Subjects were classified as having diabetes according to two validated definitions: (1) ≥2 diabetes‐related medical visits within 2 years or ≥1 hospitalisation for diabetes; and 2) ≥4 diabetes‐related medical visits within 2 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsForty‐four per cent of subjects were BCG vaccinated in the first year of life. According to the first and second definition, respectively, 293 (0.37%) and 230 (0.29%) subjects were classified as having diabetes. There was no association between BCG vaccination in the first year of life and risk of diabetes with either definition (HRdef1 = 0.92, 95% CI 0.73, 1.17; HRdef2 = 1.04, 95% CI 0.80, 1.37), and results did not differ by sex.ConclusionsGiven the potentially critical importance of the exposure window and paucity of studies addressing BCG vaccination timing in relation to diabetes risk, this question deserves further investigation.
Heart rate complexity: A novel approach to assessing cardiac stress reactivity
Authors: Brindle Ryan C. , Ginty Annie T. , Phillips Anna C. , Fisher James P. , McIntyre David , Carroll Douglas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCorrelation dimension (D2), a measure of heart rate (HR) complexity, has been shown to decrease in response to acute mental stress and relate to adverse cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between stress‐induced changes in D2 and HR has yet to be established. The present studies aimed to assess this relationship systematically while controlling for changes in respiration and autonomic activity. In Study 1 (N = 25) D2 decreased during stress and predicted HR reactivity even after adjusting for changes in respiration rate, and cardiac vagal tone. This result was replicated in Study 2 (N = 162) and extended by including a measure of cardiac sympathetic activity; correlation dimension remained an independent predictor of HR reactivity in a hierarchical linear model containing measures of cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic activity and their interaction. These results suggest that correlation dimension may provide additional information regarding cardiac stress reactivity above that provided by traditional measures of cardiac autonomic function.
Toward More “Evidence‐Informed” Policy Making?
Authors: Head Brian W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe quality of public decision making depends significantly on the quality of analysis and advice provided through public organizations. Champions of “evidence‐informed” policy making claim that rigorous evaluation practices can significantly improve attainment of cost‐effective outcomes. After decades of experience, performance information is more sophisticated, but evaluation practices and capabilities vary enormously. Public agencies gather and process vast amounts of information, but there has been little analysis of how this information is actually utilized for policy and program improvement. This article examines how government agencies use evidence about policy and program effectiveness, with attention to four themes: (1) the prospects for improving “evidence‐informed” policy making, (2) the diversity of practices concerning evidence utilization and evaluation across types of public agencies and policy arenas, (3) recent attempts to “institutionalize” evaluation as a core feature of policy development and budget approval, and (4) the relationships between public agencies and nongovernmental sources of expertise.