bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent intensity and scales of turbulence after hydraulic jump in rectangular channel
Authors: Kozioł Adam , Urbański Janusz , Kiczko Adam , Krukowski Marcin , Siwicki Piotr 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Turbulent intensity and scales of turbulence after hydraulic jump in rectangular channel. Experimental research was undertaken to investigate the changes in spatial turbulence intensity and scales of turbulent eddies (macroeddies) in a rectangular channel and the influence of the hydraulic jump on vertical, lateral and streamwise distributions of relative turbulence intensity and scales of turbulent eddies. The results of three tests for different discharges are presented. An intensive turbulent mixing that arises as a result of a hydraulic jump has a significant effect on instantaneous velocity, turbulent intensities and sizes of eddies, as well as their vertical and longitudinal distributions. In the analysed case the most noticeable changes appeared up to 0.5 m downstream the hydraulic jump. In the vertical dimension such an effect was especially seen near the surface. The smallest streamwise sizes of macroeddies were present near the surface, maximum at the depth of z/h = 0.6 and from that point sizes were decreasing towards the bottom. The intensive turbulent mixing within the hydraulic jump generates macroeddies of small sizes.
Effective microorganisms impact on photosynthetic activity of Arabidopsis plant grown under salinity stress conditions
Authors: Kalaji Hazem M. , Cetner Magdalena D. , Samborska Izabela A. , Lukasik Izabela , Oukarroum Abdallah , Rusinowski Szymon , Pietkiewicz Stefan , Świątek Michał , Dąbrowski Piotr 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Effective microorganisms impact on photosynthetic activity of Arabidopsis plant grown under salinity stress conditions. Salinity is one of the main abiotic stressors which affects plant growth through various physiological processes such as photosynthesis. The aim of this work is to study the impact of salinity stress on Arabidopsis plants by evaluating plant growth rate and photosynthetic activity, while investigating the influence of effective microorganisms (EMs) with the objective to determine if EMs could alleviate the induced stress affiliated with salinity. Results showed that salinity negatively affects photosynthesis efficiency in Arabidopsis plants based on the data obtained from the measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Additionally, application of EMs enhanced plant tolerance to counteract the induced stress. Effective microorganisms concentration of 10 mL/L suggested to bring about the best results. This work advocates, that quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) is a reliable indicator for tolerance in Arabidopsis plants to salinity stress, the impact of which may be softened by the EMs.
Limit Theorems for k-Subadditive Lattice Group-Valued Capacities in The Filter Convergence Setting
Authors: Boccuto Antonio , Dimitriou Xenofon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We investigate some properties of lattice group-valued positive, monotone and k-subadditive set functions, and in particular, we give some comparisons between regularity and continuity from above. Moreover, we prove different kinds of limit theorems with respect to filter convergence. Furthermore, some open problems are posed.
On Local Problem of Entropy for Functions from Zahorski Classes
Authors: Korczak-Kubiak Ewa , Loranty Anna , Pawlak Ryszard J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We investigate some properties of functions belonging to the Zahorski classes. In particular, we answer the question: Is it possible to find close to a function from ith Zahorski class (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) a function belonging to exactly the same Zahorski class and having a special (local) properties connected with the entropy?
Frequency‐dependent selection: a diversifying force in microbial populations
Authors: Charlebois Daniel A , Balázsi Gábor 
Published: August 2016

The benefits of “bet‐hedging” strategies have been assumed to be the main cause of phenotypic diversity in biological populations. However, in their recent work, Healey et al () provide experimental support for negative frequency‐dependent selection (NFDS) as an alternative driving force of diversity. NFDS favors rare phenotypes over common ones, resulting in an evolutionarily stable mixture of phenotypes that is not necessarily optimal for population growth.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Smoking in the Risk of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Chantarangsu Soranun , Sura Thanyachai , Mongkornkarn Sanutm , Donsakul Kobkiat , Torrungruang Kitti 
Published: August 2016

Background: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated in susceptibility to infections and bone‐related diseases. However, their relationship with periodontal disease remains unclear. This cross‐sectional study investigates whether susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP) in a Thai population is associated with VDR polymorphisms.Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 1,460 participants, aged 39 to 66 years. Genotyping of VDR polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) was performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Participants were categorized into three groups: 1) no/mild; 2) moderate; and 3) severe CP. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine degree of association between VDR polymorphisms and periodontal status adjusted for known confounders.Results: The CC+CT genotypes of FokI polymorphism were associated with severe CP with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 2.8). Compared with genotype‐negative (TT) non‐smokers, positivity for the risk genotypes (CC+CT) alone and current smoking alone were associated with severe CP with ORs of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2) and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.0 to 6.2), respectively. The combination of being genotype positive and smoking further increased the OR to 9.6 (95% CI: 4.5 to 20.4). This combined effect was 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.2 to 11.1) greater than expected from the sum of their individual effects, indicating a synergistic interaction. No significant association was observed between other polymorphisms and CP.Conclusion: FokI CC+CT genotypes were associated with increased susceptibility to severe CP, which was aggravated further when combined with smoking.
Measurement Error as Alternative Explanation for the Observation that CrCl/GFR Ratio is Higher at Lower GFR
Authors: Zhang Xuehan , McCulloch Charles E. , Lin Feng , Lin Yen-chung , Allen Isabel Elaine , Bansal Nisha , Go Alan S. , Hsu Chi-yuan 
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives
Overestimation of GFR by urinary creatinine clearance (CrCl) at lower levels of GFR has long been attributed to enhanced creatinine secretion. However, this does not take into consideration the contribution of errors in measured GFR (and CrCl) due to short-term biologic variability or test imprecision.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We analyzed cross-sectional data among 1342 participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study with baseline measurement of GFR by iothalamate clearance (iGFR) and CrCl by 24-hour urine collection. We examined the CrCl/iGFR ratio classified by categories of iGFR and also by categories of CrCl.

Results
Overall, mean CrCl/iGFR ratio was 1.13. CrCl/iGFR ratio was higher at lower iGFR categories. In contrast, this ratio was lower at lower CrCl levels. We hypothesize these relationships could be due to measurement error, which is bolstered by replicating these trends in a simulation and modeling exercise in which there was no variation in the ratio of CrCl/iGFR with true kidney function but taking into account the effect of measurement error in both CrCl and iGFR (of magnitudes previously described in the literature). In our simulated data, the observed CrCl/iGFR ratio was higher at lower observed iGFR levels when patients were classified by categories of observed iGFR. When the same patients were classified by categories of observed CrCl, the observed CrCl/iGFR ratio was lower at lower observed CrCl levels.

Conclusions
The combined empirical and modeling results suggest that measurement errors (in both CrCl and iGFR) should be considered as an alternative explanation for the longstanding observation that the ratio of CrCl to iGFR gets larger as iGFR decreases.
Longitudinal Associations of Exposure to Perfluoroalkylated Substances in Childhood and Adolescence and Indicators of Adiposity and Glucose Metabolism 6 and 12 Years Later: The European Youth Heart Study
Authors: Domazet Sidsel L. , Grøntved Anders , Timmermann Amalie G. , Nielsen Flemming , Jensen Tina K. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the long-term association of exposure to perfluoroalkylated substances, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), during childhood (9 years) and adolescence (15 years) on indicators of adiposity and glucose metabolism in adolescence (15 years) and young adulthood (21 years). Secondarily, we aim to clarify the degree of tracking of exposure from childhood into young adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data derived from a large multicenter prospective cohort study, in which the same participants have been observed from childhood (N = 590), during adolescence (N = 444), and into young adulthood (N = 369). Stored plasma samples were analyzed for PFOS and PFOA. Indicators of adiposity comprising body height, body weight, sum of four skinfolds, and waist circumference, as well as indicators of glucose metabolism, comprising fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and insulin levels, β-cell function, and insulin resistance, have been collected at all study waves. Multiple linear regression was applied in order to model earlier exposure on later outcome while controlling for baseline outcome levels, sex, age, and socioeconomic factors.

RESULTS
Childhood exposure to PFOS was associated with indicators of adiposity at 15 years of age that are displayed in elevated BMI, skinfold thickness, and waist circumference, as well as increased skinfold thickness and waist circumference at 21 years of age. PFOA exposure in childhood was associated with decreased β-cell function at 15 years of age. We did not observe associations between exposure during adolescence and indicators of adiposity and glucose metabolism in young adulthood.

CONCLUSIONS
This study found evidence for childhood exposure to PFOS and PFOA predicting adiposity at 15 and 21 years of age and impaired β-cell function at 15 years of age, respectively.
Influence of SPS parameters on the density and hardness of zinc selenide
Authors: Safian Saman , Zakeri Mohammad , Rahimipour Mohammad Reza , Rahbari Ali , Irom Elnaz 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the present study, zinc selenide powder was successfully sintered using spark plasma sintering. The effect of spark plasma sintering temperature and pressure on the densification, microstructure and hardness were investigated. Relative density, microstructure, hardness and crystallographic properties of specimens were evaluated by means of the Archimedes method, optical microscopy/scanning electron microscopy, micro-Vickers and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results indicated that temperature and pressure were the most effective parameters affecting the process. The maximum relative density (99.3%) and hardness (163 kg mm−2) were obtained using conditions of 1100°C for 5 min under 70 MPa. The crystallographic orientation (twinning) observed by optical microscopy was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results.
Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles prepared hydrothermally at different reaction temperatures and pH
Authors: Bhavani Palagiri , Rajababu Chintaparty , Arif Md. , Reddy Immareddy Venkata Subba , Reddy Nagireddy Ramamanohar 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized with Fe+2 and Fe+3 precursors in a 1 : 2 ratio by using the hydrothermal method under different reaction temperatures and alkaline conditions. The iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized for structure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the samples prepared at different hydrothermal temperatures exhibited a magnetite structure, the increased intensity of the peaks indicates a high degree of crystallinity. The transformation of goethite to Fe3O4 structure was observed with variation of the pH value. The morphological study revealed that some samples exhibited spherical particles and some others exhibited a mixed morphology of spheres and rods. The iron oxide synthesized at 190 °C exhibited better magnetic properties due to the uniform distribution of spheres with particles size in the range, 18 – 25 nm.
Effects of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation on Yield and Fertilizer Requirement of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) in Bangladesh
Authors: Mojid M A , Wyseure G C L , Biswas S K 
Published: August 2016

Due to increasing scarcity of fresh water, use of unconventional water source (e.g., wastewater) in irrigation has now become important. However, inclusive information on the effects of wastewater on crop production and soil health is necessary for such intervention. This study was designed to evaluate these effects by demonstrating the contribution of municipal wastewater (hereafter called wastewater) on yield and nutrient requirement of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cv Shatabdi. Five irrigation treatments - I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5 were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during November-March of 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2009-2010 at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The treatments I2-I5 consisted of blended wastewater and I1 of fresh water (control). The ratio of wastewater to total irrigation water was 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 in I2, I3, I4 and I5, respectively. Wheat was cultivated with three irrigations and recommended doses of fertilizer in three consecutive years. Wastewater contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) @ 17.5, 3.7 and 10.3 mg/L, respectively, and irrigation by raw wastewater (I5) contributed 19.1, 15.1 and 21.7% of the recommended N, P and K, respectively. Biomass yield increased with increasing fraction of wastewater in irrigation. Grain yield increased for the wastewater fraction of 0.50 - 0.75 in irrigation but decreased when irrigation was applied by raw wastewater. Excess fertilizer (under I5) boosted up growth of wheat, but did not contribute to the grain yield. Number of grains per spike; and grain, straw and biological yields significantly (p = 0.05) increased due to the contribution of wastewater. Wastewater significantly improved grain and biomass production, with the largest value obtained in I4 (4.61 t/ha grain yield and 11.36 t/ha biomass yield). Raw wastewater in combination with recommended fertilizer doses caused over-fertilization that contributed only in biomass production but not in grain production of wheat and irrigation by wastewater substantially reduced fertilizer requirement of wheat.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 01-14
Field Performance and Genetic Analysis in Some Advanced Lines of Mustard (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.)
Authors: Arif Hussain Md. , Sarowar Hossain Md. , Shahidur Rashid Bhuiyan Md. , Zeba Naheed , Mohammad Mohsin Sayed 
Published: August 2016

Twenty four genotypes including four check varieties of mustard (Brassica rapaL.) were collected for estimating the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance of different characters related to the yield and yield components. The experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University research farm, Dhaka during 2013-2014. Days to 50% flowering and days to 80% maturity showed moderate difference between the phenotypic and genotypic variance whereas, minimum differences were found in number of primary branches plant-1, number of secondary branches plant-1, number of seeds siliqua-1, siliqua length and thousand seed weight and yield plant-1. Number of secondary branches plant-1 showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percentage of mean. On the other hand, days to 50% flowering, no. of siliqua plant-1, yield plant-1 showed high heritability with moderate genetic advance in percentage of mean. Days to 80% maturity, no. of primary branches plant-1, no. of seeds siliqua-1 showed high heritability coupled with low genetic advance in percentage of mean. The study showed that variations in the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in traits under study which can facilitate selection for further improvement of important traits of Brassica rapa L.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 112-121
APPLICATION OF A THEORY AND SIMULATION-BASED CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY MIXING MODEL FOR AGB STAR EVOLUTION AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
Authors: Battino U. , Pignatari M. , Ritter C. , Herwig F. , Denisenkov P. , Hartogh J. W. Den , Trappitsch R. , Hirschi R. , Freytag B. , Thielemann F. , Paxton B. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The s-process nucleosynthesis in Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars depends on the modeling of convective boundaries. We present models and s-process simulations that adopt a treatment of convective boundaries based on the results of hydrodynamic simulations and on the theory of mixing due to gravity waves in the vicinity of convective boundaries. Hydrodynamics simulations suggest the presence of convective boundary mixing (CBM) at the bottom of the thermal pulse-driven convective zone. Similarly, convection-induced mixing processes are proposed for the mixing below the convective envelope during third dredge-up (TDU), where the

pocket for the s process in AGB stars forms. In this work, we apply a CBM model motivated by simulations and theory to models with initial mass M = 2 and

, and with initial metal content Z = 0.01 and Z = 0.02. As reported previously, the He-intershell abundances of

and

are increased by CBM at the bottom of the pulse-driven convection zone. This mixing is affecting the

(α, n)

activation and the s-process efficiency in the

-pocket. In our model, CBM at the bottom of the convective envelope during the TDU represents gravity wave mixing. Furthermore, we take into account the fact that hydrodynamic simulations indicate a declining mixing efficiency that is already about a pressure scale height from the convective boundaries, compared to mixing-length theory. We obtain the formation of the

-pocket with a mass of

. The final s-process abundances are characterized by

and the heavy-to-light s-process ratio is

. Finally, we compare our results with stellar observations, presolar grain measurements and previous work.
On Ulam Stability of a Functional Equation in Banach Modules
Authors: Oubbi Lahbib 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLet X and Y be Banach spaces and let f : X → Y be an odd mapping. For any rational number r≠2, C. Baak, D. H. Boo, and Th. M. Rassias proved the Hyers–Ulam stability of the functional equationwhere d and l are positive integers so that In this note we solve this equation for arbitrary nonzero scalar r and show that it is actually
Hyers–Ulam stable. We thus extend and generalize Baak et al.’s result. Other questions concerning
the *-homomorphisms and the multipliers between C*-algebras are also considered.
Honey: A Therapeutic Agent for Disorders of the Skin
Authors: McLoone Pauline , Oluwadun Afolabi , Warnock Mary , Fyfe Lorna 
Published: August 2016

Problems with conventional treatments for a range of dermatological disorders have led scientists to search for new compounds of therapeutic value. Efforts have included the evaluation of natural products such as honey. Manuka honey, for example, has been scientifically recognised for its anti-microbial and wound healing properties and is now used clinically as a topical treatment for wound infections. In this review, scientific evidence for the effectiveness of honey in the treatment of wounds and other skin conditions is evaluated. A plethora of in vitro studies have revealed that honeys from all over the world have potent anti-microbial activity against skin relevant microbes. Moreover, a number of in vitro studies suggest that honey is able to modulate the skin immune system. Clinical research has shown honey to be efficacious in promoting the healing of partial thickness burn wounds while its effectiveness in the treatment of non-burn acute wounds and chronic wounds is conflicted. Published research investigating the efficacy of honey in the treatment of other types of skin disorders is limited. Nevertheless, positive effects have been reported, for example, kanuka honey from New Zealand was shown to have therapeutic value in the treatment of rosacea. Anti-carcinogenic effects of honey have also been observed in vitro and in a murine model of melanoma. It can be concluded that honey is a biologically active and clinically interesting substance but more research is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of its medicinal value in dermatology.
Normal Values of Pressures and Foot Areas Measured in the Static Condition
Authors: Lalande Xavier , Vie Bruno , Weber Jean Paul , Jammes Yves 
Published: August 2016

Background: Podiatric physicians are increasingly using pedobarographs to measure plantar pressure. However, normal values of static pedobarographic variables for healthy men and women are lacking, which makes it difficult to evaluate abnormal foot positioning in standing patients with low- or high-arched feet or painful feet.Methods: During upright standing, a computerized pedobarograph measured the maximal (Pmax) and mean (Pmean) plantar pressures, total foot area, and forefoot and rearfoot areas in 84 healthy women and 84 healthy men, aged 18 to 83 years. After calibration of the pedobarograph, a correction factor was applied to area measurements, and data repeatability was assessed.Results: The Pmax and Pmean values were not correlated with age but with weight, body mass index, and shoe size. Total foot area was significantly higher in male participants and correlated with body weight, body mass index, and shoe size but not with age. In both sexes, forefoot area was significantly lower than rearfoot area. Significant positive correlations were observed between forefoot and rearfoot areas and weight and shoe size. The forefoot-rearfoot area ratio did not vary with sex, weight, shoe size, and age.Conclusions: These data provide relationships between Pmax, Pmean, and foot areas and weight and shoe size and clearly indicate no age dependence of pedobarographic data. They also provide stable values of the forefoot-rearfoot area ratio. These data should help clinicians evaluate abnormal foot placement in standing patients.
Spatial distribution of Langmuir waves observed upstream of Saturn's bow shock by Cassini
Authors: Píša D. , Santolík O. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Gurnett D. A. , Souček J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present the spatial distribution and spectral properties of Langmuir waves observed upstream of Saturn's bow shock by the Cassini spacecraft. The entire 10 kHz wideband data set obtained between June 2004 and December 2014 has been analyzed using an automated procedure. Almost 106 waveform snapshots with intense narrowband emissions in the frequency range of 1–10 kHz were detected. A typical wave spectrum exhibits a single intense peak (62% of all selected waveforms). However, spectra with a superposition of two (25%) or more (13%) intense peaks are also observed. Using magnetic field observations and a model of the bow shock, plasma wave activity across Saturn's foreshock has been mapped. The plasma wave occurrence increases steeply behind the tangent magnetic field line, i.e., the sunward foreshock boundary, and rises with increasing distance from the tangential line into the downstream region. The single peak spectra are observed across the entire foreshock, while more complicated spectra are more likely measured deeper inside the foreshock and closer to the bow shock. We confirm that the most intense waves occur close to the tangent point and decrease both deeper in the foreshock and along the tangential line.