bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presence of a subthreshold autism spectrum is associated with greater prevalence of mental disorders in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Gesi C.C.C. , Lagomarsini A. , Barberi F.M. , Guzzetta A. , Calderone S. , Cioni G. , Muratori F. , Dell’Osso L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly heritable and first degree relatives (especially fathers) of autistic probands have been shown to often manifest a set of subthreshold autistic features. It is not known, however, the clinical significance of this subthreshold autism spectrum.Objectives– to evaluate the prevalence of a subthreshold autism spectrum respectively in fathers and mothers of children with ASD;– to describe clinical correlates of parents with and without a subthreshold autism spectrum respectively.Methods36 fathers and 39 mothers of preschoolers with ASD were administered the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), the adult autism subthreshold spectrum (AdAS spectrum), the trauma and loss spectrum (TALS), the SCID-5 and the social and occupational functioning assessment scale (SOFAS).ResultsFathers and mothers did not differ for both AQ and AdAS spectrum total and subscale scores. Overall, 13 parents (17.3%) scored higher than 45 on the AdAS spectrum, as indicative of the presence of a subthreshold autism spectrum. This group showed greater prevalence of mood, anxiety and feeding/eating disorders, greater utilization of antidepressants and higher scores on the TALS and the SOFAS than the group scoring lower than 45 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsFathers and mothers of children with ASD show autistic traits in equal measure. The presence of a subthreshold autism spectrum is associated to greater prevalence of mood, anxiety and feeding/eating disorders, to greater susceptibility to traumatic events and to lower levels of functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Korean parents lost their children by the tragic sinking of ferry Sewol
Authors: Kim S.J. 
Published: June 2017

A South Korean passenger ferry, the Sewol, carrying 476 people, capsized and sank in 2014 resulting in 295 deaths and 9 missing. Most were high-school students on a school trip (246 deaths, 83.4%) and many parents who lost their children had suffered from a wide range of mental and physical health consequences. This research examines the extent and intensity of ongoing psychological distress and PTSD symptoms among the parents 2 years after the disaster. The 141 parents of the high-school victims agree with research participation were surveyed using a questionnaire on sociodemographic data. We conducted the structured clinical interview including PTSD and suicide assessment for them. Among the 141 subjects, 56.0% (n = 79) meet the PTSD diagnostic criteria, suggesting that, after two full years, more than a half of them are still suffering from chronic psychological pains. This result is higher than any other PTSD study about indirect victims. In particular, 42.6% (n = 60) reported suicidal ideation and 4.3% (n = 6) actually attempted suicide but failed. These figures are on the order of 10 to 100 times higher than the national prevalence. This research is characterized by homogeneity of the subjects in that they were all the parents of young adolescent victims. After two years of traumatic experiences, more than a half of the interviewed parents who lost their children are still suffering from the PTSD. These findings suggest that post-disaster PTSD can be larger and last longer when the relationship was more intimate and the death of the victim was less expected.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
An evaluation of the use of electroconvulsive therapy in a United Kingdom high secure psychiatric hospital
Authors: Blott H. , Bhattacherjee S. , Harris E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective NICE-approved treatment for severe depression, treatment-resistant mania and catatonia; the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ (RCPsych) guidelines also support its use fourth line for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.ObjectivesEvaluate the use of ECT at Broadmoor High Secure psychiatric hospital, focusing on the indications for its prescription and patients’ capacity to consent.MethodAnalyse case records of all patients who received ECT, and of all patients referred for Second Opinion Appointed Doctor (SOAD) certified ECT treatment under Section 58 of the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) due to incapacity, between 01.09.11 and 30.07.15.ResultsAll patients lacked capacity to consent to treatment during this time. Thirty-three referrals were made to the SOAD service for 15 patients, and of these 30 resulted in certification (T6) of which 10 were not subsequently used. Improvements in mental state and agreement to take clozapine were common reasons for T6s either not being certified or used. Urgent treatment under Section 62 of the MHA was employed 7 times for 4 patients during this period. Of the referrals to the SOAD service, 25 were for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, 5 for mania, 3 for catatonia and none for depression.ConclusionsThose patients requiring ECT within this population tended to be the most unwell and all lacked the capacity to consent to it. The majority (76%) of patients receiving ECT at Broadmoor do so outside of NICE (but within RCPsych) guidelines. ECT may be an effective strategy for promoting compliance with clozapine.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Compare “family atmosphere” in informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms compared to their inclusion or not in self-help associations
Authors: Mentis M. , Gouva M. , Kotrsotsiou E. , Angelopoulos N.V. , Dardiotis E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe participation of informal caregivers in the café of patients with psychotic symptoms in coordination with self-help groups have been found to reduce the expressed emotion in combination with psychoeducations interventions help create a supportive environment.ObjectivesThis study investigates the differences in the family atmosphere of informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms.AimsTo compare whether or not the participation of informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms in self-organized associations helps to foster a supportive family environment, hence reducing the risk of relapse.MethodsSnowballing sampling consisting of 510 informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms was used in the current study. The Family Environment Scale of Moos and Moos and socio-demographic questions were implemented to collect the data. Control Cronbach's Alpha reliability of scale gave value a = 0.795.ResultsThe comparison showed that informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms irrespective of their participation or not in self-help associations do not show significant differences in Family Environment Scale. Significant statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05) only occurred in the subcategory “organization”, as the first group (m = 4.68, df = ± 2.233) were found to have lower values compared to the other group (m = 5.21, df = ± 2.233).DiscussionsThe study demonstrated that informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms involved in self-help groups do not show to have a particular difference in the family atmosphere than families who do not participate in self-help associations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy of F17464, a new preferential D3 antagonist in a placebo-controlled phase 2 study of patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia
Authors: Bitter I. , Groc M. , Delsol C. , Fabre C. , Fagard M. , Barthe L. , Gaudoux F. , Brunner V. , Brackman F. , Tonner F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionF17464 is a new highly potent preferential D3 antagonist, 5-HT1A and weak D2 partial agonist, with confirmed antipsychotic-like activity in animal models. In healthy volunteers, F17464 had a good safety and tolerability profile. A PET-scan study determined a high D3 occupancy rate up to 22 h after a single dose.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of 40 mg/day of oral F17464 in comparison to placebo.MethodsThis double-blind, parallel group, multicenter study included patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia treated for 6 weeks as antipsychotic monotherapy. Patients were hospitalised for the first 3 weeks of treatment, then continued as outpatients.ResultsThe 144 randomized patients had a baseline PANSS mean (SD) total score was 89.6 (9.5). The change from baseline of PANSS total score to Day 43 on the FAS (LOCF), showed a statistically significant difference in favor of F17464 over placebo: adjusted mean (SE) change −13.5 (2.1) on F17464 and −7.8 (2.2) on placebo with a treatment effect estimate −5.7 (2.7). The 20% or 30% response rate was statistically higher in the F17464 group (47.2% and 25.0%) compared to the placebo group (30.6% and 13.9%). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was slightly higher in the F17464 group (70.8%) than in the placebo group (62.5%). There were no clinically-relevant hepatic, metabolic, or cardiovascular abnormalities. No EPS was reported under F17464.ConclusionThis is the first D3 antagonist that proves efficacy. The results of this phase 2 study also demonstrate the favorable safety profile of F17674 when compared to placebo.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Stigma in early detection of psychosis: Subjective experiences of those concerned
Authors: Uttinger M. , Rapp C. , Studerus E. , Beck K. , Riecher-Rössler A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDespite the large scientific debate concerning potentially stigmatizing effects of informing an individual about being in an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis, studies investigating this topic are rare and quantitative assessment of this kind of stigmatization does not exist so far.ObjectivesThis study presents first results regarding potentially helpful or stigmatizing effects of being informed about an ARMS assessed with a newly developed quantitative self-rating (FePsy-Stigma questionnaire).MethodsForty ARMS patients participating in the prospective Basel Early Detection of Psychosis (FePsy) study as well as patients clinically assessed in the early detection service of the Psychiatric Services of Solothurn, completed the FePsy-Stigma questionnaire during their follow-up assessments at least six months after they had been informed about their increased risk of developing psychosis. The questionnaire was constructed based on a previous qualitative study and on adapted versions of formerly used instruments for assessing stigma in mental health (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Personal Beliefs and Experiences Questionnaire).ResultsStigmatization appeared to be low overall except for social withdrawal due to suspected stigma. Stigma resistance, stereotype awareness and expected discrimination scored considerably higher than actually experienced discrimination, alienation and stereotype endorsement.ConclusionsThe results suggest that early detection services help individuals cope with symptoms and build certain resilience toward potential stigmatization, rather than enhancing or causing the latter. In line with previous studies, our results indicate that there is a considerable difference between expected and actually experienced discrimination as well as between stereotype awareness and stereotype endorsement.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Long-term metabolic effect of second-generation antipsychotics in first episode of psychosis
Authors: Vázquez Bourgon J. , Pérez-Iglesias R. , de la Foz V. Ortiz-García , Crespo-Facorro B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is growing evidence indicating that the use of second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) treatments in psychosis is related to potential metabolic side effects. Previous studies have shown clear metabolic side effects at short-term (12 weeks). However, to detect clinically-relevant impairment in metabolic parameters a long-term follow-up is preferred.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aripiprazole, ziprasidone and quetiapine on metabolic measures in medication-naïve first episode psychosis patients after 1 year of treatment.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-eight, drug-naïve patients, suffering from a non-affective first episode of psychosis, were included in the present study. Patients were randomly assigned to quetiapine, ziprasidone or aripiprazole treatment lines. Weight and glucemic/lipid parameters were recorded at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. Other clinical and socio-demographic variables were recorded to eliminate potential confounding effects.ResultsWeight (t = −10.85; P < 0.001), BMI (t = −11.38; P < 0.001), total cholesterol (t = −5.37; P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (t = −5.21; P < 0.001), triglycerides (t = −5.18; P < 0.001) and the triglyceride/HDL insulin resistance index (t = −4.09; P < 0.001), showed statistically significant increments after 1 year of treatment.Moreover, on comparing the percentage of patients with pathological levels before and 1 year after the antipsychotic treatment, we detected higher percentages of patients with obesity (5.1% vs. 15.3%; P < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (23.2% vs. 39.6%; P < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (5.8% vs. 14.2%; P = 0.021) after 1 year of treatment.ConclusionsThe primary exposure to SGAs during the first year of psychosis was associated with significant increments in weight and metabolic parameters leading to a significant increment in the proportion of obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in our sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dysregulation of emotions among pathological gamblers: The role of savoring
Authors: Rogier G. , Velotti P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTheories have conceptualized pathological gambling as an attempt to cope with emotional states. However, there is a lack of research about emotion dysregulation in this population. In a similar way, few is known about the nature of emotion regulation strategies used by pathological gamblers. Furthermore, it is not clear if pathological gamblers have difficulties to regulate negative emotions (as sadness) or positive ones (as excitement).ObjectivesWe sought to explore the associations among pathological gambling, emotion dysregulation and different types of emotion regulation strategies, comparing a clinical sample with community participants.AimsTo highlight similarities and differences in emotion dysregulation between pathological gamblers and healthy participants.MethodsA sample of pathological gamblers and a sample of healthy men, were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Difficulties in Emotion regulation Scale-Positive (DERS-P), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Ways of Savoring Checklist (WOSC).ResultsAs expected, both levels of emotion dysregulation and suppression were significantly higher in the clinical sample while levels of savoring and reappraisal were significantly higher in the community sample.ConclusionsSuch results confirm the theorization of pathological gambling as a dysfunctional response to emotional states and underline the role of positive emotions. Specifically, pathological gamblers may be prone to suppress negative emotions instead to engage in functional strategies as reappraisal. Gamblers also fail to regulate positive emotions showing a poor capacity of savoring positive moments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship between insomnia and tobacco smoking in alcohol-dependent patients
Authors: Wnorowska A. , Jakubczyk A. , Klimkiewicz A. , Mach A. , Brower K. , Wojnar M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionInsomnia and tobacco use are frequent and important problems in alcohol-dependent patients. However, the relationship between sleep problems and cigarette smoking was not thoroughly investigated in this population.AimThe purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoking and severity of insomnia in alcohol-dependent patients in treatment. We also aimed at assessing other predictors of insomnia in this population.MethodsThe study group comprised 384 alcohol-dependent patients. Standardized tools were used to assess: tobacco dependence (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND]), sleep problems (Athens Insomnia Scale [AIS]), severity of alcohol dependence (Michigan Alcohol Screening Test [MAST]) and drinking quantities before entering treatment (Timeline Follow Back [TFLB]). Other comorbid psychiatric symptoms were assessed using Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).ResultsThe study group included 79.1% of current smokers, 62% of participants reported insomnia (AIS). The mean FTND score was 6.05 ± 2.18. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the severity of tobacco dependence was significantly associated with the severity of insomnia (FTND, beta = 0.140, P = 0.013). Other factors associated with insomnia that remained significant in multivariate model were severity of psychopathological symptoms (BSI, beta = 0.422, P < 0.0005) and intensity of drinking (TLFB, beta = 0.123, P = 0.034).ConclusionTobacco use may predict severity of insomnia in alcohol-dependent patients. This finding may have important clinical implications and influence strategies applied in treatment of alcohol use disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Ärztinnen und Ärzte an der Schnittstelle zum nicht-medizinischen Hilfs- und Unterstützungssektor für Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Cording Linda , Beyer Annette , Boettcher Aisha , Schattschneider Ralf , Busch Susanne 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Im Rahmen der Studie wurde die Schnittstellenfunktion von Ärztinnen und Ärzten zwischen dem medizinischen und nicht-medizinischen Hilfs- und Unterstützungssektor in der ambulanten Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz konkret für die Stadt Hamburg untersucht. Differenziert beleuchtet wurden aus ärztlicher Perspektive die Ist-Situation des eigenen Umgangs mit Aspekten der nicht-medizinischen Hilfe und Unterstützung sowie Vorstellungen über Optimierungsbedarfe.
Methodik Auf Grundlage einer qualitativen Vorstudie (mit 6 Ärzten) wurde ein standardisierter Fragebogen entwickelt. Mithilfe dessen konnten in einer explorativen Querschnittstudie Daten von 177 in Hamburg niedergelassenen Haus- sowie Fachärztinnen/-ärzten (Fachrichtungen Nervenheilkunde, Neurologie, Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin) erhoben und deskriptiv analysiert werden.
Ergebnisse Die Studie zeigt, dass der Großteil (88,1%) der Haus- als auch Fachärztinnen/-ärzte Menschen mit Demenz und ihre Angehörigen über bzw. zu nicht-medizinischer Hilfe und Unterstützung informiert/berät. Die Information/Beratung weist dabei inhaltlich deutliche Unterschiede auf. Am häufigsten wird hinsichtlich ‚häuslicher Pflege‘, am wenigsten hinsichtlich ‚Leistungen für Pflegepersonen‘ informiert/beraten. Optimierungsmöglichkeiten der Ist-Situation werden vor allem in der Aufbereitung von Informationsmaterialien sowie der Bereitstellung einer professionellen Kontaktstelle für Ärztinnen/Ärzte gesehen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse bieten eine Grundlage für eine Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserung der derzeitigen Versorgungslandschaft. Diskutiert werden muss die monoperspektivische Datenerhebung aus ärztlicher Sicht. Für die konkrete Ableitung von Implikationen ist u. a. die Frage nach dem Zusammenführen mit den Perspektiven von Betroffenen sowie weiteren Stakeholdern aus der multiprofessionellen Versorgungslandschaft zu beantworten.
Mikronährstoffe und Demenzerkrankungen: Omega-3-Fettsäuren und B-Vitamine
Authors: Bayer Wolfgang , Schmidt Karlheiz 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Alterung unserer Bevölkerung rückt Demenzerkrankungen immer stärker in den Vordergrund.
Nach den vorliegenden Daten ist damit zu rechnen, dass bei über 90-Jährigen mehr als 40 % an einer Demenz
erkranken werden. Im Rahmen der Prävention von Demenzerkrankungen können nutritive Faktoren eine wichtige
Rolle spielen. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Fokus auf den mehrfach ungesättigten Omega-3-Fettsäuren sowie
auf den B-Vitaminen. Die Wirkung der B-Vitamine dürfte dabei zumindest teilweise auf eine
Homocysteinsenkung zurückzuführen sein. Besonders interessant sind die Interaktionen von mehrfach
ungesättigten Omega-3-Fettsäuren mit B-Vitaminen. Dabei haben neuere Studien gezeigt, dass positive
Wirkungen der B-Vitamine zu Inzidenz und Verlauf von Demenzerkrankungen von einer optimalen Versorgung
mit Omega-3-Fettsäuren abhängig sind. Dieses Beispiel zeigt den erforderlichen Wandel in der
Betrachtungsweise – weg von den präventiven und therapeutischen Wirkungen einzelner Mikronährstoffe hin
zu einer stärkeren Berücksichtigung komplexer Wechselwirkungen mehrerer Komponenten.
Musikalische Fähigkeiten bei Kindern mit auditiver Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörung
Authors: Scheffner Evgenia , Vorwerk Wilma , Vorwerk Ulrich 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In der klinischen Praxis wurden bei Kindern mit auditiven Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen (AVWS) Schwierigkeiten
bei der Lösung musikalischer Aufgaben beobachtet. Musikalität bei AVWS ist bisher wenig erforscht.
Material und Methoden 15 AVWS-Patienten im Alter zwischen 6 und 11 Jahren wurden mit der Messung musikalischer Fähigkeiten (MMF)
untersucht und mit 15 Kontrollprobanden verglichen.
Ergebnisse AVWS-Patienten zeigen statistisch signifikante Defizite in den Aufgaben zur Tonhöhendifferenzierung, Reproduktion von
Rhythmen und Melodien. Zusammenhänge zwischen sprachlichen und musikalischen Leistungen bei AVWS-Patienten wurden nachgewiesen.
Schlussfolgerungen Musikalische Fähigkeiten sollten in der AVWS-Diagnostik mehr Beachtung finden. Positive Transfereffekte
musikalischen Trainings auf die Sprachentwicklung und allgemeine kognitive Fähigkeiten wurden in zahlreichen Studien nachgewiesen. Bei
Vorliegen musikalischer Defizite sollte musikalische Förderung als Therapiemethode bei AVWS diskutiert werden.