bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the ecological, economic and social impacts of ocean acidification and warming on UK fisheries
Authors: Fernandes Jose A , Papathanasopoulou Eleni , Hattam Caroline , Queirós Ana M , Cheung William W W L , Yool Andrew , Artioli Yuri , Pope Edward C , Flynn Kevin J , Merino Gorka , Calosi Piero , Beaumont Nicola , Austen Melanie C , Widdicombe Stephen , Barange Manuel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAssessments of the combined ecological impacts of ocean acidification and warming (OAW) and their social and economic consequences can help develop adaptive and responsive management strategies in the most sensitive regions. Here, available observational and experimental data, theoretical, and modelling approaches are combined to project and quantify potential effects of OAW on the future fisheries catches and resulting revenues and employment in the UK under different CO2 emission scenarios. Across all scenarios, based on the limited available experimental results considered, the bivalve species investigated were more affected by OAW than the fish species considered, compared with ocean warming alone. Projected standing stock biomasses decrease between 10 and 60%. These impacts translate into an overall fish and shellfish catch decrease of between 10 and 30% by 2020 across all areas except for the Scotland >10 m fleet. This latter fleet shows average positive impacts until 2050, declining afterwards. The main driver of the projected decreases is temperature rise (0.5–3.3 °C), which exacerbate the impact of decreases in primary production (10–30%) in UK fishing waters. The inclusion of the effect of ocean acidification on the carbon uptake of primary producers had very little impact on the projections of potential fish and shellfish catches (<1%). The <10 m fleet is likely to be the most impacted by‐catch decreases in the short term (2020–50), whereas the effects will be experienced more strongly by the >10 m fleet by the end of the century in all countries. Overall, losses in revenue are estimated to range between 1 and 21% in the short term (2020–50) with England and Scotland being the most negatively impacted in absolute terms, and Wales and North Ireland in relative terms. Losses in total employment (fisheries and associated industries) may reach approximately 3–20% during 2020–50 with the >10 m fleet and associated industries bearing the majority of the losses.
High‐dose wogonin exacerbates DSS‐induced colitis by up‐regulating effector T cell function and inhibiting Treg cell
Authors: Xiao Weiming , Yin Min , Wu Keyan , Lu Guotao , Deng Bin , Zhang Yu , Qian Li , Jia Xiaoqing , Ding Yanbing , Gong Weijuan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWogonin exerts anti‐tumour activities via multiple mechanisms. We have identified that high‐dose wogonin (50 or 100 mg/kg) could inhibit the growth of transplanted tumours by directly inducing tumour apoptosis and promoting DC, T and NK cell recruitment into tumour tissues to enhance immune surveillance. However, wogonin (20–50 μM) ex vivo prevents inflammation by inhibiting NF‐κB and Erk signalling of macrophages and epithelial cells. It is elusive whether high‐dose wogonin promotes or prevents inflammation. To investigate the effects of high‐dose wogonin on murine colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), mice were co‐treated with DSS and various doses of wogonin. Intraperitoneal administration of wogonin (100 mg/kg) exacerbated DSS‐induced murine colitis. More CD4+ CD44+ and CD8+ CD44+ cells were located in the inflamed colons in the wogonin (100 mg/kg) treatment group than in the other groups. Frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ CD127− and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ cells in the colons and spleen respectively, were reduced by wogonin treatment. Ex vivo stimulations with high‐dose wogonin (50–100 μg/ml equivalent to 176–352 μM) could synergize with IL‐2 to promote the functions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. However, regulatory T cell induction was inhibited. Wogonin stimulated the activation of NF‐κB and Erk but down‐regulated STAT3 phosphorylation in the CD4+ T cells. Wogonin down‐regulated Erk and STAT3‐Y705 phosphorylation in the regulatory T cells but promoted NF‐κB and STAT3‐S727 activation. Our study demonstrated that high‐dose wogonin treatments would enhance immune activity by stimulating the effector T cells and by down‐regulating regulatory T cells.
Thymus vulgaris alleviates UVB irradiation induced skin damage via inhibition of MAPK/AP‐1 and activation of Nrf2‐ARE antioxidant system
Authors: Sun Zhengwang , Park Sang Yong , Hwang Eunson , Zhang Mengyang , Seo Seul A. , Lin Pei , Yi Tae‐Hoo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSolar ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐induced reactive oxidative species is mainly responsible for the development of photoageing. Rosmarinic acid was one of the main bioactive components detected in Thymus vulgaris (TV) we extracted. In this study, UVB‐induced skin damages have been shown to be ameliorated by treatment with TV in hairless mice (HR‐1) skin, demonstrated by decreased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and increased collagen production. However, the underlying molecular mechanism on which TV acted was unclear. We examined the photoprotective effects of TV against UVB and elucidated the molecular mechanism in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Thymus vulgaris remarkably prevented the UVB‐induced reactive oxygen species and lactate dehydrogenase. Dose‐dependent increase in glutathione, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase1 and heme oxygenase‐1, by TV was confirmed by increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Furthermore, 5‐Methoxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid was introduced as a specific inhibitor of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD). We demonstrated that Nrf2 expression was regulated by DLD, which was a tricarboxylic acid cycle‐associated protein that decreased after UVB exposure. Besides, TV significantly diminished UVB induced phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases pathway, containing extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38, which consequently reduced phosphorylated c‐fos and c‐jun. Our results suggest that TV is a potential botanical agent for use against UV radiation‐induced oxidative stress mediated skin damages.
Type 2 diabetes alters mesenchymal stem cell secretome composition and angiogenic properties
Authors: Ribot Jonathan , Caliaperoumal Guavri , Paquet Joseph , Boisson‐vidal Catherine , Petite Herve , Anagnostou Fani 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study aimed at characterizing the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) secretome and angiogenic properties. BMMSCs from Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) (a T2DM model) and Zucker LEAN littermates (control) were cultured. The supernatant conditioned media (CM) from BMMSCs of diabetic and control rats were collected and analysed. Compared to results obtained using CM from LEAN‐BMMSCs, the bioactive content of ZDF‐BMMSC CM (i) differently affects endothelial cell (HUVEC) functions in vitro by inducing increased (3.5‐fold; P < 0.01) formation of tubule‐like structures and migration of these cells (3‐fold; P < 0.001), as well as promotes improved vascular formation in vivo, and (ii) contains different levels of angiogenic factors (e.g. IGF1) and mediators, such as OSTP, CATD, FMOD LTBP1 and LTBP2, which are involved in angiogenesis and/or extracellular matrix composition. Addition of neutralizing antibodies against IGF‐1, LTBP1 or LTBP2 in the CM of BMMSCs from diabetic rats decreased its stimulatory effect on HUVEC migration by approximately 60%, 40% or 40%, respectively. These results demonstrate that BMMSCs from T2DM rats have a unique secretome with distinct angiogenic properties and provide new insights into the role of BMMSCs in aberrant angiogenesis in the diabetic milieu.
Icariside II, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, protects against H2O2‐induced PC12 cells death by inhibiting mitochondria‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Gao Jianmei , Deng Yuanyuan , Yin Caixia , Liu Yuangui , Zhang Wei , Shi Jingshan , Gong Qihai 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOxidative stress is a major cause of cellular injury in a variety of human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, removal of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or suppression of ROS generation may be effective in preventing oxidative stress‐induced cell death. This study was designed to investigate the effect of icariside II (ICS II), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced death of highly differentiated rat neuronal PC12 cells, and to further examine the underlying mechanisms. We found that ICS II pre‐treatment significantly abrogated H2O2‐induced PC12 cell death as demonstrated by the increase of the number of metabolically active cells and decrease of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Furthermore, ICS II inhibited H2O2‐induced cell death through attenuating intracellular ROS production, mitochondrial impairment, and activating glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) as demonstrated by reduced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased p‐tyr216‐GSK‐3β level and increased p‐ser9‐GSK‐3β level respectively. The GSK‐3β inhibitor SB216763 abrogated H2O2‐induced cell death. Moreover, ICS II significantly inhibited H2O2‐induced autophagy by the reducing autophagosomes number and the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio, down‐regulating Beclin‐1 expression, and up‐regulating p62/SQSTM1 and HSP60 expression. The autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyl adenine (3‐MA) blocked H2O2‐induced cell death. Altogether, this study demonstrated that ICS II may alleviate oxidative stress‐induced autophagy in PC12 cells, and the underlying mechanisms are related to its antioxidant activity functioning via ROS/GSK‐3β/mitochondrial signalling pathways.
Development of Cereal Bars Containing Pineapple Peel Flour (Ananas comosus L. Merril)
Authors: Aparecida Damasceno Karina , Alvarenga Gonçalves Carlos Antonio , Dos Santos Pereira Geyzielle , Lacerda Costa Luciene , Bastianello Campagnol Paulo Cezar , Leal De Almeida Patrícia , Arantes‐Pereira Lucas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCereal bars are nutritious food composed of several ingredients including cereals, fruits, nuts and sugar among others. Thus, this study aimed to develop cereal bars containing pineapple peel flour. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments, as follows: Control (0% flour); T1 (3% flour); T2 (6% flour); and T3 (9% flour), for the variables moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber and carbohydrates. It was observed that the higher the pineapple peel flour content, the greater the crude fiber content in the cereal bars was, evidencing the significant amounts of crude fiber in the pineapple peel. In the texture analysis, although an increase in bar consistency was observed with increasing concentrations of pineapple peel flour, no differences were observed up to 6% flour addition when compared to the control. With respect to the sensory attributes, the samples scored among the hedonic terms 7.0 (moderately good) and 9.0 (very good). It can be concluded that the pineapple peel flour is a good alternative to be introduced in human diet, in addition to significantly reduce waste generation in the pulp industries.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, we produced cereal bars using different concentrations of pineapple peel flour (PPF), a co‐product of the fruit industry. We observed that the addition of up to 6% PPF in the cereal bars did not alter the sensory acceptance and increased the fiber content. We believe that these findings may be useful for the production of cereal bars with healthier characteristics and reduce the environment impact caused by industrialization of pineapple.
Hypertension Treatment and Concern About Falling: Baseline Data from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial
Authors: Berlowitz Dan R. , Breaux‐Shropshire Tonya , Foy Capri G. , Gren Lisa H. , Kazis Lewis , Lerner Alan J. , Newman Jill C. , Powell James R. , Riley William T. , Rosman Robert , Wadley Virginia G. , Williams Julie A. ,   the SPRINT Research Group
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the extent of concern about falling in older adults with hypertension, whether lower blood pressure (BP) and greater use of antihypertensive medications are associated with greater concern about falling, and whether lower BP has a greater effect on concern about falling in older and more functionally impaired individuals.DesignSecondary analysis involving cross‐sectional study of baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).SettingApproximately 100 outpatient sites.ParticipantsSPRINT enrollees aged 50 and older (mean age 69) diagnosed with hypertension (N = 2,299).MeasurementsConcern about falling was determined using the shortened version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International as measured at the baseline examination.ResultsMild concern about falling was present in 29.3% of participants and moderate to severe concern in 17.9%. Neither low BP (systolic BP<120 mmHg, diastolic BP <70 mmHg) nor orthostatic hypotension was associated with concern about falling (P > .10). Participants with moderate to severe concern about falling were taking significantly more antihypertensive medications than those with mild or no concern. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, no associations were evident between BP, medications, and concern about falling. Results were similar in older and younger participants; interactions between BP and age and functional status were not significantly associated with concern about falling.ConclusionAlthough concern about falling is common in older adults with hypertension, it was not found to be associated with low BP or use of more antihypertensive medications in baseline data from SPRINT.
Depression and Anxiety Screens as Simultaneous Predictors of 10‐Year Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults in Primary Care
Authors: Khambaty Tasneem , Callahan Christopher M. , Perkins Anthony J. , Stewart Jesse C. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo examine depression and anxiety screens and their individual items as simultaneous predictors of incident diabetes mellitus.DesignTen‐year follow‐up study of individuals screened for the Improving Mood‐Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) trial.SettingTwo large urban primary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana.ParticipantsDiverse sample (53% African American, 80% of lower socioeconomic status) of 2,156 older adults initially free of diabetes mellitus.MeasurementsDepression and anxiety screens were completed during routine primary care visits between 1999 and 2001. Incident diabetes mellitus data were obtained from an electronic medical record system and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services analytical files though 2009.ResultsOver the 10‐year period, 558 (25.9%) participants had diabetes mellitus onset. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic and diabetes mellitus risk factors revealed that a positive screen for anxiety, but not for depression, predicted incident diabetes mellitus when entered into separate models (anxiety: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.61, P < .001; depression: HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.95–1.46, P = .13) and when entered simultaneously into one model (anxiety: HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12–1.61, P < .001; depression: HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.83–1.31, P = .73). The feeling anxious (P = .03) and the worry (P = .02) items predicted incident diabetes mellitus independent of the depression screen.ConclusionThese findings suggest that screening positive for anxiety is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus in older adults independent of depression and traditional diabetes mellitus risk factors. Anxiety requires greater consideration and awareness in the context of diabetes mellitus risk assessment and primary prevention.
Use of Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Nursing Homes: Implications for Quality Improvement Efforts
Authors: Gurwitz Jerry H. , DuBeau Catherine , Mazor Kathleen , Sreedhara Meera , Lemay Celeste , Spenard Ann , Pandolfi Michelle , Johnson Florence , Field Terry 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of indwelling urinary catheter use in nursing homes (NHs).DesignObservational cohort study.SettingA purposeful sampling strategy was used to identify a diverse sample of 28 Connecticut NHs, defined in terms of ownership, quality ratings, and bed size.ParticipantsLong‐stay (>100 days) residents of study NHs with an indwelling urinary catheter present at any time over a 1‐year period.MeasurementsDuration of catheter use was determined, and indications for catheter placement were documented. Indications considered appropriate included urinary retention or outlet obstruction, pressure ulcer (Stage 3 or 4 with risk of contamination by urine), hospice care, and need for accurate measurement of input and output. During quarterly follow‐up assessments, whether the catheter was still in place or had been removed for any reason other than routine maintenance was determined.ResultsThe overall rate of any urinary catheter use per 100 resident‐beds over a 1‐year period was 4.8 (range 1.0–9.9, median 5.1). Of the 228 residents meeting eligibility criteria, a documented indication for the catheter was present in the NH record for 195 (86%). Of those with a documented indication, 99% (n = 193) had one or more indications deemed appropriate, including urinary retention (83%), pressure ulcer (21%), hospice care (10%), and need for accurate measurement of input and output (6%). The urinary catheter was removed at some point during the period of observation in 49% (n = 111) of participants; those with a shorter duration of catheter use before study enrollment were more likely to have the catheter removed during the follow‐up period. Of the 111 residents who had the catheter removed, 58 (52.3%) had it reinserted at some point during follow‐up.ConclusionThese findings suggest that indwelling urinary catheter use in long‐stay NH residents is uncommon and generally appropriate and that efforts to improve catheter care and outcomes should extend beyond a singular focus on reducing use.
A historical perspective: Simian AIDS—an accidental windfall
Authors: Gardner Murray 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundFor the past 30 years, Simian AIDS has provided an indispensible animal model for the human disease. This historical perspective highlights the circumstances leading to the creation of this experimental model.MethodsHistorical information and stored non‐human primate (NHP) specimens, including isolates of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), were analyzed by molecular epidemiologic methods to trace the lineage and transmission of SIV among NHPs at US primate centers.ResultsThe rhesus and stump‐tailed macaque models of Simian AIDS are the result of the accidental transmission of SIV from healthy sooty mangabey carriers to naïve macaques during the course of human kuru experimental transmission studies at UC Davis during the 1960s.ConclusionsSimian AIDS, first recognized in the 1980s, is the accidental result of experimental kuru transmission experiments carried out in the 1960s, which led to the discovery of infectious prions but inadvertently transmitted SIV, unknown at that time, from sooty mangabeys to macaques.
Timing of sequential use of double‐balloon catheter and oral misoprostol for induction of labor
Authors: Kehl Sven , Böhm Lena , Weiss Christel , Heimrich Jutta , Dammer Ulf , Baier Friederike , Sütterlin Marc , Beckmann Matthias W. , Faschingbauer Florian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe best time to commence cervical ripening with a balloon catheter is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether application of a balloon catheter in the morning or in the evening is better when sequential prostaglandin application is planned.MethodsThis multicenter historical cohort study included 415 women with an unfavorable cervix undergoing labor induction at term. Labor was induced with a double‐balloon catheter and the sequential use of oral misoprostol if necessary. The balloon catheter was placed in the morning group between 02:00–15:00 and in the evening group between 15:00–02:00. The primary outcome measure was the cesarean section rate. Secondary outcome measures included failed labor induction (no vaginal delivery within 72 h).ResultsThe cesarean section rate did not differ between the groups (morning 26.9%, evening 24.3%; P = 0.5553); however, more women in the morning group did not deliver within 72 h (8.8% vs 3.1%; P = 0.0138). In nulliparous women, labor induction failed more often in the morning group (12% vs. 4%, P = 0.043). In parous women, the induction‐to‐delivery interval was longer in the morning group (1756 vs. 1349 min; P = 0.046), and there were fewer deliveries within 24 h (35% vs. 56%, P = 0.016).ConclusionsWhen sequential use of a double‐balloon catheter and oral misoprostol for labor induction is planned, the preferable time for catheter placement is in the evening. This resulted in fewer failed inductions in nulliparous women and a shorter induction‐to‐delivery interval and more deliveries within 24 h in parous women.
Helicobacter pylori infection and polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent and young adult patients
Authors: Tokmak Aytekin , Doğan Zeynal , Sarıkaya Esma , Timur Hakan , Kekilli Murat 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility among women of reproductive age. Chronic systemic inflammation has been considered to play a role in the development of PCOS. Helicobacter pylori has been shown to lead to both local gastric and chronic systemic inflammation. In the light of this, the aim of the present study was to investigate a possible link between H. pylori and PCOS.MethodsA total of 167 nullipar and single adolescent and young adults (AYA) were recruited for the study: 86 (51.5%) had PCOS and 81 (48.5%) were age‐matched controls. The average age was 18.57 ± 2.40 (range, 14–24 years). The recent Amsterdam European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ESHRE/ASRM) guidelines including all three of the Rotterdam criteria were used to diagnose PCOS, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure H. pylori IgG.ResultsThere was no significant association between the PCOS and non‐PCOS groups with regard to the presence of H. pylori IgG (P = 0.924), white blood count or C‐reactive protein (P = 0.064; P = 0.383, respectively).ConclusionThe prevalence of H. pylori was not different with regard to PCOS status in AYA. More studies are needed to investigate a possible link between PCOS and H. pylori.
Extracurricular Activities in Multiethnic Middle Schools: Ideal Context for Positive Intergroup Attitudes?
Authors: Knifsend Casey A. , Juvonen Jaana 
Published: September 2016

This study examined processes by which extracurricular participation is linked with positive ethnic intergroup attitudes in multiethnic middle schools in California. Specifically, the mediating roles of activity‐related cross‐ethnic friendships and social identities including alliances with multiple groups were examined in a sample including African American or Black, East or South‐East Asian, White, and Latino youth (N = 1,446; Mage = 11.60 in sixth grade). Results of multilevel modeling suggested that in addition to activity‐related cross‐ethnic friendships, complex social identities mediated the association between availability of cross‐ethnic peers in activities and ethnic intergroup attitudes. Results are discussed in terms of how activities can be structured to promote cross‐ethnic relationships and complex social identities, as well as positive ethnic intergroup attitudes.