bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breakdown in short rod-plane air gaps under positive lightning impulse stress
Authors: Meyer Hans Kristian Hygen , Mauseth Frank , Husøy Martine , Pedersen Atle , Ekeberg Jonas 
Published: October 2017

Prediction of withstand voltages in air-insulated systems are made on the basis of empirical models that are not sufficiently accurate for complex geometries. Better understanding of the spatiotemporal development of electrical discharges is necessary to improve the present models. Discharges in lightning impulse stressed 20–100 mm rod-plane gaps are examined using a highspeed camera, photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) and a highbandwidth current measurement system. The images and measurements of gaps larger than 20mm show a fast initial streamer discharge with a current rise time of some tens of ns, followed by a dark period of a few μs and a propagation of a slower leader-type channel leading to breakdown. The breakdown mechanisms in the shortest gaps are faster and geometry dependent, probably occuring by heating of initial streamer channels. Different light filters used with the PMTs indicate that all parts of the leader-type discharge development emit light over a spectrum from UV to IR. The initial discharges emit low amounts of warm light and IR compared to the leader-type channel. Finally, it is suggested that empirical breakdown voltage prediction models should be interpreted in light of the leader-type breakdown mechanism.
The state of public hospital governance and management in a South African hospital: A case study
Authors: Fusheini Adam , Eyles John , Goudge Jane 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the operations and management of a public hospital in South Africa in the light of recent organizational reforms. Management of public hospitals in South Africa is often seen as fragmented, impacting on their operations. Management processes are dominated by hierarchy and poor communication and interaction. They are also poorly linked to patients’ needs and experiences. In this paper, we examine the operations and management of a district hospital in North West Province to ascertain the extent to which the nature of hierarchy, communication, and interaction in the management process (meetings, establishing guidelines and others) impact on the efficient and effective governance of the hospital, especially in the light of recent organizational reforms.Methods: A qualitative case study approach involving 15 in-depth interviews were conducted at three management levels. All interviews were conducted in English, and were digitally audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. Management and organization of data were done with NVivo 10 software, while analyses were based on pattern-building and emerging themes.Results: By and large the hospital was constrained by hierarchical control and rule-following. While hierarchy and dysfunction still shape communication and interaction, there is some optimism with regards to strategic planning. Key features of hospital governance and its functionality, involving financial management or stewardship, strategic planning, performance management and appraisal, and clinical governance are emphasized.Conclusions: For effective public hospital governance in South Africa, management must be guided in practice by the key principles set out in the national policy on management of public hospitals.
Determination of Total Biotin by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup Extraction: Multilaboratory Testing, Final Action 2016.02
Authors: Joseph George , Devi Ranjani , Marley Elaine C , Leeman David ,   Collaborators:, Bhandari S , Butler Thompson L , Campos Giminez E , Chen H , Dekker N , Devi R , Dole M , Gallegos-Peretz T , Gill B , Gill T , Green Y , Hodgson M , Huo X , Indyk H , Joseph G , Kennedy L , Leeman D , Lim F , Macfadzean C , McMahon A , Malaviole I , Marley E , Seegers M , Schimpf K , Wang J , Wollard D , Yadlapalli S , Yin C 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Single- and multilaboratory testing data have provided systematic scientific evidence that a simple, selective, accurate, and precise method can be used as a potential candidate reference method for dispute resolution in determining total biotin in all forms of infant, adult, and/or pediatric formula. Using LC coupled with immunoaffinity column cleanup extraction, the method fully meets the intended purpose and applicability statement in AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement 2014.005. The method was applied to a cross-section of infant formula and adult nutritional matrixes, and acceptable precision and accuracy were established. The analytical platform is inexpensive, and the method can be used in almost any laboratory worldwide with basic facilities. The immunoaffinity column cleanup extraction is the key step to successful analysis.
Lærerkognition som centralt udgangspunkt for lærernes praksisnære professionsudvikling – en ny efteruddannelsesmodel
Authors: Daryai-Hansen Petra , Henriksen Birgit 
Published: October 2017

Artiklen giver et indblik i teoretiske, metodiske og praksisrelaterede overvejelser bag udviklingen af tre efteruddannelsesforløb i det igangværende udviklings- og forskningsprojekt ”Tidligere sprogstart – ny begynderdidaktik med fokus på flersprogethed”. Artiklen præsenterer med eksempel i projektet en ny efteruddannelsesmodel til udvikling af lærernes undervisningspraksis, der tager afsæt i centrale principper i den praksisnære professionsudvikling, som kobles til feltet lærerkognition som modellens centrale teoretiske udgangspunkt. Lærerkognitionen, som stadigvæk er ret uopdyrket i den danske faglitteratur, diskuteres indgående. Derudover præsenteres centrale principper i den praksisnære professionsudvikling, som afgrænses fra aktionslæring som metodisk tilgang. Afsluttende skitseres, hvilke lærerkognitionsdata der indsamles i projektet, og sammenhængen mellem den praksisnære professionsudvikling og lærerkognitionen uddybes. Summary: The article provides an insight into theoretical, methodical and practical reflections behind the development of three supplementary in-service training programs in the ongoing development and research project called “Early foreign language learning - new didactics for beginners with a focus on plurilingualism”. The article presents a new educational model for in-service training focusing on supporting and developing the teachers’ practical teaching skills, with examples from the project. Initially, a number of central principles in the continuing professional development of teachers will be outlined with a focus on the research field of teacher cognition as the main theoretical point of departure for the educational model. Teacher cognition is still an under-researched field in the Danish scientific literature and, hence, it is discussed thoroughly. Furthermore, central principles in the continuing professional development of teachers are presented, in an attempt to compare and delimit the chosen approach from action research as a method for teacher involvement. Lastly, the article describes the types of teacher cognition data collected in the project and the connection between continuing professional development and teacher cognition is elaborated.
RUКOVOĐENJE INDUSTRIJSКIM PRODAJNIM SNAGAMA SA SVRHOM NJIHOVOG MARKETINŠKOG PROFILISANJA
Authors: Dević Željko , Ristanović Gojko 
Published: October 2017

Sažetak: Aktuelni ekonomski tokovi, a posebno procesi reindustrijalizacije u globalnom tržišnom okruženju, zahtevaju od industrijskih kompanija intenzivnu primenu konceptualnih i metodoloških principa savremenog marketing koncepta u skladu sa zahtevima i potrebama organizacionih kupaca, kao preduslova efikasnog poslovanja na sve konkurentnijem tržištu proizvodnih dobara. Istovremeno, specifični interorganizacioni odnosi na ovom području impliciraju presudnu ulogu lične prodaje u marketinškim i korporativnim programima industrijskih subjekata. Efektivna personalna komunikacija sa organizacionim kupcima je umnogome determinisana izgradnjom sistema prodaje koji ne obuhvata samo plansko dizajniranje prodajnih snaga, već i njihova adekvatno vođenje kao dominantnih faktora humanog kapitala u industrijskim organizacijama. Upravo iz tog razloga, ovaj rad naglašava neophodnost marketinškog profilisanja prodajnih snaga kroz složene modele selektiranja, obuke, supervizije, motivacije i evaluacije prodavaca, u cilju pripreme optimalnog komunikacionog procesa sa organizacionim kupcima i maksimiziranja prodajnih rezultata na industrijskom tržištu.
A Near‐Global Atmospheric Distribution of N2O Isotopologues
Authors: Bernath Peter F. , Yousefi Mahdi , Buzan Eric , Boone Chris D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe distributions of the four most abundant isotopologues and isotopomers (N2O, 15NNO, N15NO, and NN18O) of nitrous oxide have been measured in the Earth's stratosphere by infrared remote sensing with the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier transform spectrometer. These satellite observations have provided a near‐global picture of N2O isotopic fractionation. The relative abundances of the heavier species increase with altitude and with latitude in the stratosphere as the air becomes older. The heavy isotopologues are enriched by 20–30% in the upper stratosphere and even more over the poles. These observations are in general agreement with model predictions made with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). A detailed 3‐D chemical transport model is needed to account for the global isotopic distributions of N2O and to infer sources and sinks.
Nucleation Phase and Dynamic Inversion of the Mw 6.9 Valparaíso 2017 Earthquake in Central Chile
Authors: Ruiz S. , Aden‐Antoniow F. , Baez J. C. , Otarola C. , Potin B. , del Campo F. , Poli P. , Flores C. , Satriano C. , Leyton F. , Madariaga R. , Bernard P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Valparaiso 2017 sequence occurred in the Central Chile megathrust, an active zone where the last mega‐earthquake occurred in 1730. Intense seismicity started 2 days before the Mw 6.9 mainshock, a slow trenchward movement was observed in the coastal GPS antennas and was accompanied by foreshocks and repeater‐type seismicity. To characterize the rupture process of the mainshock, we perform a dynamic inversion using the strong‐motion records and an elliptical patch approach. We suggest that a slow slip event preceded and triggered the Mw 6.9 earthquake, which ruptured an elliptical asperity (semiaxis of 10 km and 5 km, with a subshear rupture, stress drop of 11.71 MPa, yield stress of 17.21 MPa, slip weakening of 0.65 m, and kappa value of 1.98). This earthquake could be the beginning of a long‐term nucleation phase to a major rupture, within the highly coupled Central Chile zone where a megathrust earthquake like 1730 is expected.
Stable Oxygen Isotopes and Mg/Ca in Planktic Foraminifera From Modern Surface Sediments of the Western Pacific Warm Pool: Implications for Thermocline Reconstructions
Authors: Hollstein Martina , Mohtadi Mahyar , Rosenthal Yair , Moffa Sanchez Paola , Oppo Delia , Martínez Méndez Gema , Steinke Stephan , Hebbeln Dierk 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMg/Ca and stable oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) of planktic foraminifera tests are commonly used as proxies to reconstruct past ocean conditions including variations in the vertical water column structure. Accurate proxy calibrations require thorough regional studies, since parameters such as calcification depth and temperature of planktic foraminifera depend on local environmental conditions. Here we present radiocarbon‐dated, modern surface sediment samples and water column data (temperature, salinity, and seawater δ18O) from the Western Pacific Warm Pool. Seawater δ18O (δ18OSW) and salinity are used to calculate individual regressions for western Pacific surface and thermocline waters (δ18OSW = 0.37 × S‐12.4 and δ18OSW = 0.33 × S‐11.0). We combine shell δ18O and Mg/Ca with water column data to estimate calcification depths of several planktic foraminifera and establish regional Mg/Ca‐temperature calibrations. Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides elongatus, and Globigerinoides sacculifer reflect mixed layer conditions. Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Globorotalia tumida preserve upper and lower thermocline conditions, respectively. Our multispecies Mg/Ca‐temperature calibration (Mg/Ca = 0.26exp0.097*T) matches published regressions. Assuming the same temperature sensitivity in all species, we propose species‐specific calibrations that can be used to reconstruct upper water column temperatures. The Mg/Ca temperature dependencies of G. ruber, G. elongatus, and G. tumida are similar to published equations. However, our data imply that calcification temperatures of G. sacculifer, P. obliquiloculata, and N. dutertrei are exceptionally warm in the western tropical Pacific and thus underestimated by previously published calibrations. Regional Mg/Ca‐temperature relations are best described by Mg/Ca = 0.24exp0.097*T for G. sacculifer and by Mg/Ca = 0.21exp0.097*T for P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei.
An All‐Integrated Anode via Interlinked Chemical Bonding between Double‐Shelled–Yolk‐Structured Silicon and Binder for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yajie , Tai Zhixin , Zhou Tengfei , Sencadas Vitor , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei , Konstantinov Konstantin , Guo Zaiping , Liu Hua Kun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe concept of an all‐integrated design with multifunctionalization is widely employed in optoelectronic devices, sensors, resonator systems, and microfluidic devices, resulting in benefits for many ongoing research projects. Here, maintaining structural/electrode stability against large volume change by means of an all‐integrated design is realized for silicon anodes. An all‐integrated silicon anode is achieved via multicomponent interlinking among carbon@void@silica@silicon (CVSS) nanospheres and cross‐linked carboxymethyl cellulose and citric acid polymer binder (c‐CMC‐CA). Due to the additional protection from the silica layer, CVSS is superior to the carbon@void@silicon (CVS) electrode in terms of long‐term cyclability. The as‐prepared all‐integrated CVSS electrode exhibits high mechanical strength, which can be ascribed to the high adhesivity and ductility of c‐CMC‐CA binder and the strong binding energy between CVSS and c‐CMC‐CA, as calculated based on density functional theory (DFT). This electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1640 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, high rate performance, and long‐term cycling stability with 84.6% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1.
Morpho‐Functional Features of the Gonads ofDanio rerio: the Role of Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Authors: Cacialli Pietro , D'Angelo Livia , de Girolamo Paolo , Avallone Luigi , Lucini Carla , Pellegrini Elisabeth , Castaldo Luciana 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTZebrafish, a suitable and widely used teleost fish model in basic biomedical research, displays morphophysiological features of adult gonads that share some commonalities with those of mammalian species. In mammals, gametogenesis is regulated, among several factors, by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This neurotrophin has a well‐established role in the developing and adult nervous system, as well as gonads development and functions in vertebrate species. We hypothesize that BDNF has a role also in the gonadal functions of zebrafish. At this purpose, we investigated BDNF and its receptors p75 and TrkB in the ovary and testis of adult zebrafish, kept under laboratory conditions. Our results display (1) the expression of BDNF mRNA and pro‐BDNF protein outside of the nervous system, specifically in the ovary and testis; (2) the presence of pro‐BDNF in primary oocytes and follicular layer, and p75 in follicular cells; (3) the localization of pro‐BDNF in type B spermatogonia, and Sertoli cells in testis. Altogether, these data lead us to consider that BDNF is involved in the gonadal function of adult zebrafish, and mainly in the adult ovary. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:140–147, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Amidation of N‐Nitrosoanilines and Subsequent Formation of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Zhang Rong , Peng Qiujun , Xu Lanting , Pan XianHua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn efficient rhodium‐catalyzed direct C−H amidation of N‐nitrosoanilines with 1,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐ones as amidating agents has been developed. This method featured mild reaction conditions, a wide substrate scope and satisfactory yields. Besides, the amidated products could be readily converted to pharmaceutically valuable 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles via an HCl‐mediated deprotection/cyclization process in one pot.
State Space Constrained Iterative Learning Control for Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Yovchev Kaloyan , Delchev Kamen , Krastev Evgeniy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReal‐life work operations of industrial robotic manipulators are performed within a constrained state space. Such operations most often require accurate planning and tracking a desired trajectory, where all the characteristics of the dynamic model are taken into consideration. This paper presents a general method and an efficient computational procedure for path planning with respect to state space constraints. Given a dynamic model of a robotic manipulator, the proposed solution takes into consideration the influence of all imprecisely measured model parameters, making use of iterative learning control (ILC). A major advantage of this solution is that it resolves the well‐known problem of interrupting the learning procedure due to a high transient tracking error or when the desired trajectory is planned closely to the state space boundaries. The numerical procedure elaborated here computes the robot arm motion to accurately track a desired trajectory in a constrained state space taking into consideration all the dynamic characteristics that influence the motion. Simulation results with a typical industrial robot arm demonstrate the robustness of the numerical procedure. In particular, the results extend the applicability of ILC in robot motion control and provide a means for improving the overall trajectory tracking performance of most robotic systems.
Revised Functional Capacity Index as a predictor of outcome following injury
Authors: Palmer C S , Gabbe B J , Cameron P A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Assessment of functional outcomes in survivors of severe injury is an identified priority for trauma systems. The predictive Functional Capacity Index (pFCI) within the 2008 Abbreviated Injury Scale dictionary (pFCI08) offers a widely available tool for predicting functional outcomes without requiring long-term follow-up. This study aimed to assess the 12-month functional outcome predictions of pFCI08 in a major trauma population, and to test the assumptions made by its developers to ensure population homogeneity.

Methods
Patients with major trauma from Victoria, Australia, were followed up using routine telephone interviews. Assessment of survivors 12 months after injury included the Glasgow Outcome Scale – Extended (GOS-E). κ scores were used to measure agreement between pFCI08 and assessed GOS-E scores.

Results
Of 20 098 patients with severe injury, 12 417 had both pFCI08 and GOS-E scoring available at 12 months. The quadratic weighted κ score across this population was 0·170; this increased to 0·244 in the subgroup of 1939 patients who met all pFCI assumptions. However, expanding the age range used in this group did not significantly affect κ scores until patients over the age of 70 years were included.

Discussion
The pFCI08 has only a slight agreement with outcomes following major trauma. However, the age limits in the pFCI development assumptions are unnecessarily restrictive. The pFCI08 may be able to contribute to future systems predicting functional outcomes following severe injury, but is likely to explain only a small proportion of the variability in patient outcomes.
Plasma‐Assisted Synthesis of Monodispersed and Robust Ruthenium Ultrafine Nanocatalysts for Organosilane Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Gnanakumar Edwin S. , Ng Wesley , Coşkuner Filiz Bilge , Rothenberg Gadi , Wang Sheng , Xu Hualong , Pastor‐Pérez Laura , Pastor‐Blas M. Mercedes , Sepúlveda‐Escribano Antonio , Yan Ning , Shiju N. Raveendran 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report a facile and general approach for preparing ultrafine ruthenium nanocatalysts by using a plasma‐assisted synthesis at <100 °C. The resulting Ru nanoparticles are monodispersed (typical size 2 nm) and remain that way upon loading onto carbon and TiO2 supports. This gives robust catalysts with excellent activities in both organosilane oxidation and the oxygen evolution reaction.
Angular Dependence of Si3N4 Etching in C4F6/CH2F2/O2/Ar Plasmas
Authors: Kim Jun-Hyun , Cho Sung-Woon , Kim Chang-Koo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe dependence of Si3N4 etching on ion‐incident angles is investigated at various CH2F2 flow rates in C4F6/CH2F2/O2/Ar plasmas. The normalized etch yield (NEY) curves for Si3N4 imply that physical sputtering is a major contributor to Si3N4 etching. An increase in the amount of CH2F2 in the plasma produces thicker and more etch‐resistant fluorocarbon films. Systematic analyses on deposition and etching of the passively deposited fluorocarbon films on Si3N4 in a C4F6/CH2F2/O2/Ar plasma show that the normalized deposition rate of the fluorocarbon film is nearly the same and unaffected by the CH2F2 flow rate while etching of fluorocarbon films is similar to etching of Si3N4, thus, etching of the fluorocarbon film, rather than its deposition, limits Si3N4 etching in C4F6/CH2F2/O2/Ar plasmas.
Que faire? A Bioeconomy and Solar Energy Institute at Italy's Research Council in the Context of the Global Transition to the Solar Economy
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Meneguzzo Francesco 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDriven by insight for which new research and education requires new institutional organisation, and drawing on two decades of research and educational efforts, we devise the profile and activities of a new bioeconomy and solar energy institute at Italy's Research Council. We further articulate the institute's activities suggesting avenues on how to deploy sound and giving more useful research, education and policy advice in these crucial fields for making tomorrow's common development sustainable. The outcomes of the study are of general interest, because the transition to a solar economy is of intrinsic global nature and the challenges involved are similar in many countries.
Rational Design and Synthesis of Unsaturated Se‐Containing Osmacycles with σ‐Aromaticity
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxi , Wu Jingjing , Hao Yulei , Zhu Congqing , Zhuo Qingde , Xia Haiping , Zhu Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIsolation of the simplest 4π three‐membered heterocycles (1H‐azirine, oxirene, thiirene, and selenirene) remains a big challenge due to their π‐antiaromaticity and significant ring strain. Here we demonstrate that the incorporation of a transition‐metal fragment could stabilize the antiaromatic selenirene and pentalene frameworks simultaneously by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimental verification leads to the Se‐containing metallapolycycles, osmapentaloselenirenes, with remarkable thermal stability. The osmaselenirene unit in the metallapolycycle is determined to be the first example of σ‐aromaticity dominating in an unsaturated Se‐containing ring. Our results not only highlight a remarkable stabilization by the transition‐metal but also widen the scope of σ‐aromaticity in unsaturated rings, which is traditionally reserved for the domain of π‐aromaticity.