bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological and spirometric changes in relation to drugs used in post COVID pulmonary fibrosis in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Hamoda Mohamed , El-Maksoud Amina Abd , Yousef Aida M. , Fahmy Dalia Monir , Tohlob Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
It has been proposed that prolonged use of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drugs diminish the probability of development of lung fibrosis. Prolonged low-dose corticosteroid may prevent remodeling of the lung in survivors. Pirfenidone and colchicine may exhibit anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties as well.

Methods
This retrospective observational study was conducted at post COVID-19 clinic, Mansoura University Hospitals, during the period between October 2020 and March 2022. This study included 104 patients who had COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed either by RT-PCR or radiologically by CT scan and divided into 3 groups; group A (corticosteroids only) included 33 (31.7%) patients, group B (corticosteroids and colchicine) included 56 (53.8%) patients, and group C (corticosteroids, colchicine, and pirfenidone) included 15 (14.4%) patients. All patients were assessed during follow-up visits in post COVID-19 clinic 1 and 3 months after discharge by evaluation of resting SpO2, spirometry, and radiological assessment. Patients’ data during hospitalization was collected from hospital electronic systems.

Results
There was non-statistically significant improvement in FEV1 in group A while there was statistically significant improvement in FEV1 in groups B and C (P value = 0.002 and 0.041, respectively) 1 month and 3 months after discharge. Group B exhibited more statistically significant improvement in FVC as well compared to group C (P value = 0.003 and 0.025, respectively) while group A showed non-statistically significant improvement in FVC. There was a statistically significant decrease in CT severity score in all the groups during follow-up with P value < 0.001 in groups A and B and to less extent less statistically significant decrease in group C comparing the 3 groups to each other.

Conclusion
The use of colchicine added to corticosteroids after acute phase of COVID-19 pneumonia resulted in statistically significant improvement regarding functional and radiological changes during follow-up when compared to corticosteroids alone. The addition of pirfenidone (which is a relatively expensive drug) to corticosteroids and colchicine did not add more statistically significant improvement in functional or radiological changes.
Results From First-in-Human Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of a Novel Bicycle Toxin Conjugate Targeting EphA2 (BT5528) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Bashir Babar , Wang Judy S. , Falchook Gerald , Fontana Elisa , Arkenau Hendrik-Tobias , Carter Louise , Galot Rachel , Basu Bristi , Greystoke Alastair , Subbiah Vivek , Richardson Debra L. , Orr Hanna , Bennett Gavin , Sharma Rajiv , Xu Hongmei , Paganoni Paola , Xu Cong , Campbell Carly , McKean Meredith 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
BT5528 is a Bicycle Toxin Conjugate, a novel class of chemically synthesized molecules, comprising a bicyclic peptide targeting EphA2 tumor antigen, linked to a cytotoxin (monomethyl auristatin E [MMAE]). EphA2 is overexpressed in many solid tumors and contributes to oncogenesis, tumor-associated angiogenesis, and metastasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The primary objectives were to investigate the safety and tolerability of BT5528 and to define the maximum-tolerated dose, if observed, and recommended phase II dose (RP2D)/expansion dose. Dose escalation exploring once every week or once every 2 weeks administration of BT5528 employed a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design for the first two dose levels, followed by a Bayesian logistic regression model. Secondary and exploratory end points included preliminary efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of BT5528 and MMAE.

RESULTS

Forty-five patients were enrolled and received BT5528 doses between 2.2 mg/m
2
once every week to 10.0 mg/m
2
once every 2 weeks within the dose-escalation stage of the study. The most frequent BT5528-related adverse events (AEs) were nausea (44.4%), diarrhea (35.6%), and fatigue (33.3%), and the most common grade ≥3 BT5528-related AE was neutropenia/neutrophil count decrease (22.2%). Dose level 6.5 mg/m
2
once every 2 weeks was selected as a RP2D. At 6.5 mg/m
2
once every 2 weeks, the overall response rate was 6.7%, and the disease control rate was 20.0%. BT5528 and MMAE pharmacokinetics are generally dose proportional. BT5528 has a short half-life (0.4-0.7 hours), and the half-life of MMAE is longer (35-47 hours).

CONCLUSION

BT5528 was well tolerated and demonstrated favorable and preliminary antitumor activity. We believe these data provide preliminary validation of a Bicycle Toxin Conjugate approach to EphA2 tumor antigen. The study is ongoing and is evaluating BT5528 as monotherapy at a RP2D of 6.5 mg/m
2
once every 2 weeks.
Assessment of the Addition of Oxaliplatin to Fluoropyrimidine-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer: An ACCENT Pooled Analysis
Authors: Chibaudel Benoist , Raeisi Morteza , Cohen Romain , Yothers Greg , Goldberg Richard M. , Bachet Jean-Baptiste , Wolmark Norman , Yoshino Takayuki , Schmoll Hans-Joachim , Kerr Rachel , Lonardi Sara , George Thomas J. , Shacham-Shmueli Einat , Shi Qian , André Thierry , de Gramont Aimery 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
The adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer (CC) is chemotherapy combining fluoropyrimidine (FP) and oxaliplatin (OX). FP regimen plus OX (FPOX) may benefit in high-risk stage II CC. We performed a pooled analysis of pivotal MOSAIC and C-07 studies evaluating FPOX for the treatment of high-risk stage II CC according to prognostic factors, number of high-risk factors, and current clinicopathologic risk classification on the basis of T stage, tumor perforation, and number of lymph nodes examined.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
One thousand five hundred and ninety-five patients with stage II CC receiving FP or FPOX were pooled. The overall survival (OS) benefit of OX was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and unadjusted Cox models stratified by study. Three thousand and fifty-nine patients with stage III CC were used only for interaction tests between the allocated chemotherapy and stage.

RESULTS

In the pooled analysis of stage II patients, independent prognostic factors in multivariable analysis were sex, age, perforation/obstruction, and tumor sidedness. There was a significant interaction in OS between stage and allocated chemotherapy with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.03 for stage II (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.29;
P
= .813) and 0.82 for stage III (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.92;
P
= .001;
P
int
= .073). There was no benefit from the addition of OX to FP for any of the prognostic factors. The number of high-risk factors tested was not predictive of OX benefit. According to the currently agreed clinicopathologic risk classification, no OS benefit of OX was observed, as HR was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.63 to 1.18;
P
= .349).

CONCLUSION
No OS benefit of adjuvant OX was found in high-risk stage II CC, regardless of the definition used to characterize tumors as having a high risk for recurrence. Hence, our analysis suggests that OX should not be the standard of care for adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II CC, even in high-risk patients.
Thyroid Hormone Receptors as Tumor Suppressors in Cancer
Authors: Zhu Xuguang , Cheng Sheue-yann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accumulated research has revealed the multifaceted roles of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) as potent tumor suppressors across various cancer types. This review explores the intricate mechanisms underlying TR-mediated tumor suppression, drawing insights from preclinical mouse models and cancer biology. This review examines the tumor-suppressive functions of TRs, particularly TRβ, in various cancers using preclinical models, revealing their ability to inhibit tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Molecular mechanisms underlying TR-mediated tumor suppression are discussed, including interactions with oncogenic signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT, and transforming growth factor β. Additionally, this paper examines TRs’ effect on cancer stem cell activity and differentiation, showcasing their modulation of key cellular processes associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Insights from preclinical studies underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting TRs to impede cancer stemness and promote cancer cell differentiation, paving the way for precision medicine in cancer treatment and emphasizing the potential of TR-targeted therapies as promising approaches for treating cancers and improving patient outcomes.
Robotic Recto-Sigmoid Resection with Total Intracorporeal Colorectal Anastomosis (TICA) in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Palmieri Luca , Santullo Francesco , Lodoli Claudio , Certelli Camilla , Abatini Carlo , Rosati Andrea , Oliva Riccardo , Fagotti Anna , Scambia Giovanni , Gallotta Valerio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
About 70% of women affected by ovarian cancer experience relapse within 2 years of diagnosis. Traditionally, the standard treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) has been represented by systemic chemotherapy.1 Recently, several retrospective studies have suggested that secondary cytoreductive surgery could provide better clinical outcomes than chemotherapy alone, in the case of complete tumor cytoreduction.2,3 About 50% of patients with ROC have a pelvic component of the disease and 22% of patients present isolated pelvic recurrence, often involving the rectum.4,5 Minimally invasive secondary cytoreductive surgery is a feasible option and is associated with favorable perioperative outcomes.6–8 It is crucial to fully explore the peritoneal cavity before starting cytoreductive procedures in order to confirm the absence of carcinomatosis.9 The robotic system facilitates the identification of anatomical structures and makes it easier to perform complex surgical steps in narrow spaces. It also allows the integrated use of surgical tools such as intraoperative ultrasound and indocyanine green application.

Methods
In this video, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman who experienced a rectal recurrence of ovarian cancer after a platinum-free interval of 12 months. We describe, in a step-by-step manner, the surgical procedure of a robotic rectosigmoid resection with totally intracorporeal colorectal anastomosis (TICA).10–12

Results
Robotic secondary cytoreduction with complete gross resection was achieved. The patient did not report any intraoperative or postoperative complications. Final histology confirmed ROC.

Conclusion
Totally robotic rectosigmoid resection is a feasible option in isolated bowel recurrences. Thanks to continuous technical evolution, robot-assisted surgery has the potential to have a central role in the fight against solid tumors. Integration of multiple pre- and intraoperative technologies allows personalized surgery to be performed for each different patient.13,14
Integrated photonic modular arithmetic processor
Authors: Wu Yuepeng , Guo Hongxiang , Zhang Bowen , Qiu Jifang , Yang Zhisheng , Wu Jian 
Published: September 2024

Integrated photonic computing has emerged as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of electronic processors in the post-Moore era. However, present integrated photonic computing systems face challenges in achieving high-precision calculations, consequently limiting their potential applications, and their heavy reliance on analog-to-digital (AD) and digital-to-analog (DA) conversion interfaces undermines their performance. Here we propose an innovative photonic computing architecture featuring scalable calculation precision and, to our knowledge, a novel photonic conversion interface. By leveraging the residue number system (RNS) theory, the high-precision calculation is decomposed into multiple low-precision modular arithmetic operations executed through optical phase manipulation. Those operations directly interact with the digital system via our proposed optical digital-to-phase converter (ODPC) and phase-to-digital converter (OPDC). Through experimental demonstrations, we showcase a calculation precision of 9 bits and verify the feasibility of the ODPC/OPDC photonic interface. This approach paves the path towards liberating photonic computing from the constraints imposed by limited precision and AD/DA converters.
Persistent hypertension among postpartum women with comorbid HIV and preeclampsia in Zambia
Authors: Mukosha Moses , Hatcher Abigail , Lubeya Mwansa Ketty , Maposa Innocent , Chi Benjamin H. , Mutale Wilbroad 
Published: September 2024

Background
Persistent hypertension is common after preeclampsia and is causally tied to later cardiovascular risks. This study examined whether being HIV-infected and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with persistent postpartum hypertension among women diagnosed with preeclampsia.

Methods
We conducted a six-month prospective cohort study at Kanyama and Women and Newborn hospitals from January 01, 2022, to June 30, 2023, among 190 women diagnosed with preeclampsia (59 HIV-positive, 131 HIV-negative). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected at delivery, six weeks, three months and six months after giving birth. Persistent hypertension was diagnosed if a participant presented with elevated blood pressure ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg and/or taking medication for hypertension at the study visit. We used a generalized estimating equation to describe the relationship between treated HIV and persistent hypertension six months following delivery.

Results
We retained 136 participants (71.6%) to six months postpartum, at a median age of 30 years. Overall, persistent hypertension at six weeks, three months, and six months postpartum was common (37.4%, 17.1% and 16.9%, respectively). Six-week postpartum prevalence was higher in the HIV group than HIV-negative group (54.6% vs 28.8%, p<0.001), with no measurable difference at three months (24.3% vs 13.2%, p = 0.145) or six months (18.2% vs 16.3%, p = 0.787). Multivariable analysis demonstrates higher odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09–2.60) of persistent hypertension among the HIV+treatment group than HIV-negative counterparts after accounting for age, body mass index and time since delivery.

Conclusion
We demonstrate an elevated risk of persistent hypertension among postpartum women with comorbid preeclampsia and treated HIV. Peripartum patients in HIV-endemic settings may benefit from timely detection of hypertension and treatment interventions to improve health outcomes.
Risk Factors for Inadequate Bowel Preparation in Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Beran Azizullah , Aboursheid Tarek , Ali Adel Hajj , Albunni Hashem , Mohamed Mouhand F. , Vargas Alejandra , Hadaki Nwal , Alsakarneh Saqr , Rex Douglas K. , Guardiola John J. 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) before colonoscopy remains a common problem. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the risk factors associated with IBP.

METHODS:
We searched multiple databases for studies that assessed risk factors for IBP after adjustment and reported the data as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model, and pooled adjusted odds ratios for risk factors reported in ≥ 3 studies were constructed.

RESULTS:
One hundred fifty-four studies with 358,257 participants were included. We analyzed 48 unique risk factors. Sociodemographic predictors of IBP were Medicaid insurance, obesity, current tobacco use, age ≥ 65 years, Black race, low education level, male sex, and unmarried status. Comorbidity-related predictors of IBP were any psychiatric disease, cirrhosis, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≥ 3, poor functional status, constipation, diabetes, previous abdominopelvic surgery, and hematochezia. Medication-related predictors of IBP were tricyclic antidepressants, antidepressants, opioids, nontricyclic antidepressants, and calcium channel blockers. Preparation/procedure-related predictors of IBP were brown liquid rectal effluent, any incomplete bowel preparation (BP) intake, lack of split-dose BP, increased BP-to-defecation interval, any nonadherence to dietary instructions, increased BP-to-colonoscopy interval, any BP intolerance, previous IBP, and inpatient status. Although afternoon colonoscopy was a predictor of IBP, subgroup analysis of prospective studies revealed no significant association.

DISCUSSION:
Our meta-analysis focused on adjusted risk factors to provide precise estimates of the most important risk factors for IBP. Our findings could help develop a validated prediction model to identify high-risk patients for IBP, improve colonoscopy outcomes, reduce the need for repeat colonoscopies, and reduce associated healthcare costs.
Various Layers in Social Psychology
Authors: Mehrad Aida , Cordic Sarah , Crecelius Grace , Procise Woods , Wagner Kylie 
Published: September 2024

Understanding humans through social influence is always needed. Through an analysis of specific topics of social psychology, a bridge between issues can be created. This research aims to understand the various layers in social psychology using secondary data. The methodology used in this study is qualitative research, particularly literature review. The subject of this study is some literatures in databases, and other scholarly articles to use as supporting evidence for this work about the study of social psychology. The results provide understanding of layers on social psychology including how individuals interact and function in the day-to-day lives. Human can learn how to better recognize the information process happening in their brains and how to manipulate it in different social situations. The depth of how human relate to each other, and their surroundings is seen through social psychology's "social" aspect. Individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are unique and influenced by social norms' real or imagined presence. This study has theoretical implication on how social psychology has layers to explain how human interact in social context.

Pemahaman tentang manusia melalui pengaruh sosial selalu dibutuhkan. Melalui analisis topik-topik tertentu psikologi sosial, jembatan antar permasalahan dapat diciptakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami berbagai lapisan dalam psikologi sosial dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif khususnya tinjauan pustaka. Subyek penelitian ini adalah beberapa literatur dalam database, dan artikel ilmiah lainnya yang digunakan sebagai bukti pendukung karya tentang studi psikologi sosial ini. Hasilnya memberikan pemahaman tentang lapisan psikologi sosial termasuk bagaimana individu berinteraksi dan berfungsi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Manusia dapat belajar bagaimana mengenali dengan lebih baik proses informasi yang terjadi di otaknya dan bagaimana memanipulasinya dalam berbagai situasi sosial. Kedalaman hubungan manusia satu sama lain, dan lingkungannya dilihat melalui aspek “sosial” psikologi sosial. Pikiran, perasaan, dan perilaku individu bersifat unik dan dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran norma-norma sosial yang nyata atau yang dibayangkan. Kajian ini mempunyai implikasi teoritis mengenai bagaimana psikologi sosial mempunyai lapisan-lapisan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana manusia berinteraksi dalam konteks sosial.
Degenerations of complete collineations and geometric Tevelev degrees of ℙ𝑟
Authors: Lian Carl 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider the problem of enumerating maps 𝑓 of degree 𝑑 from a fixed general curve 𝐶 of genus 𝑔 toPr\mathbb{P}^{r}satisfying incidence conditions of the formf⁢(pi)∈Xif(p_{i})\in X_{i}, wherepi∈Cp_{i}\in Care general points andXi⊂PrX_{i}\subset\mathbb{P}^{r}are general linear spaces. We give a complete answer in the case where theXiX_{i}are points, where the counts are known as the “Tevelev degrees” ofPr\mathbb{P}^{r}. These were previously known only whenr=1r=1, when 𝑑 is large compared tor,gr,g, or virtually in Gromov–Witten theory. We also give a complete answer in the caser=2r=2with arbitrary incidence conditions. Our main approach studies the behavior of complete collineations under various degenerations.
Refractory hypothyroidism in children: an overview
Authors: Metwalley Kotb Abbass , Farghaly Hekma Saad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Refractory hypothyroidism (RF) defined as raised serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) above upper limit of the reference range with or without the persistence of hypothyroid symptoms following a 6-week interval after the dosage was last increased to upper limits of dose per age. The most common cause of RH is inadequate compliance. In addition, diet, concomitant medication interactions, and gastrointestinal diseases can all result in l-thyroxine (LT4) malabsorption, which can cause RH. Moreover, weight gain, switching brands of LT4, poor storage of LT4, chronic liver disorders, cystic fibrosis, nephrotic syndrome, consumptive hypothyroidism, Addison’s disease are significant contributors to RF in children. RH in children is frequently asymptomatic, when symptoms do occur, they are typically minor and resemble those of hypothyroidism. It is essential to identify RH early and treat its underlying cause in order to avoid overusing LT4, which can lead to cardiac and bone problems. Endocrinologists should handle children who they suspect of having RH methodically after making sure there is enough compliance. Searching for undiagnosed illnesses and/or other factors that can affect LT4 absorption could be part of this. We present this review after an extensive literature search and long-standing clinical experience. This review’s objective is to shed light on the causes, clinical manifestations, investigations, and treatment of RH in children.
Generic and vague uses of a second-person singular pronoun in an open-class person-reference system and speaker creativity in reported speech: the case of anata in Japanese
Authors: Yonezawa Yoko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study analyzes hitherto neglected uses of a second-person singular (2sg hereafter) pronoun in Japanese: the ‘generic’ and ‘vague’ uses of the 2sg pronoun anata observed in reported speech. The aim of the study is twofold. First, it refutes the broader assumption in typological studies that languages with an open-class pronominal system, such as Japanese and Korean, do not allow generic uses of 2sg (Kitagawa and Lehrer 1990. Impersonal uses of personal pronouns. Journal of Pragmatics 14(5). 739–759). This study demonstrates that the 2sg pronoun anata in Japanese is used to refer to people in general (‘generic’ use) or to human referents who are low in specificity (‘vague’ use). Second, as these uses occur in reported speech, this study sheds light on the various ways in which current speaker attitudes in reported speech may be encoded across different languages (Spronck 2012. Minds divided: Speaker attitudes in quotatives. In Isabelle Buchstaller & Ingrid van Alphen (eds.), Quotatives: Cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary perspectives, 71–142. Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 87). Drawing on the notion of ‘constructed dialogue’ (e.g., Tannen 1989. Talking voices: Repetition, dialogue, and imagery in conversational discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), the study shows that these uses of anata are most often the quoting speaker’s ‘construction’ rather than ‘report’, reflecting the quoting speaker’s attitude in specifying the referent. Using the data obtained from parliamentary debates, the study demonstrates that politicians draw on these uses of anata as one of their speech strategies for creating generalized narratives.