bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Land–Ocean Moisture Transport Variability in Reanalyses with P − ET in Observationally Driven Land Surface Models
Authors: Robertson Franklin R. , Bosilovich Michael G. , Roberts Jason B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVertically integrated atmospheric moisture transport from ocean to land [vertically integrated atmospheric moisture flux convergence (VMFC)] is a dynamic component of the global climate system but remains problematic in atmospheric reanalyses, with current estimates having significant multidecadal global trends differing even in sign. Continual evolution of the global observing system, particularly stepwise improvements in satellite observations, has introduced discrete changes in the ability of data assimilation to correct systematic model biases, manifesting as nonphysical variability. Land surface models (LSMs) forced with observed precipitation P and near-surface meteorology and radiation provide estimates of evapotranspiration (ET). Since variability of atmospheric moisture storage is small on interannual and longer time scales, VMFC = P − ET is a good approximation and LSMs can provide an alternative estimate. However, heterogeneous density of rain gauge coverage, especially the sparse coverage over tropical continents, remains a serious concern.Rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) with prefiltering of VMFC to isolate the artificial variability is used to investigate artifacts in five reanalysis systems. This procedure, although ad hoc, enables useful VMFC corrections over global land. The P − ET estimates from seven different LSMs are evaluated and subsequently used to confirm the efficacy of the RPCA-based adjustments. Global VMFC trends over the period 1979–2012 ranging from 0.07 to −0.03 mm day−1 decade−1 are reduced by the adjustments to 0.016 mm day−1 decade−1, much closer to the LSM P − ET estimate (0.007 mm day−1 decade−1). Neither is significant at the 90% level. ENSO-related modulation of VMFC and P − ET remains the largest global interannual signal, with mean LSM and adjusted reanalysis time series correlating at 0.86.
Bronchial Compression and Tracheosophageal Fistula Secondary to Prolonged Esophageal Foreign Body
Authors: Liming Bryan J. , Fischer Anthony , Pitcher Graeme 
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Foreign body ingestion is a common pediatric problem that can have a delayed presentation, as presented herein. Case Report: We present the case of a 15-year-old female who developed bronchial compression and an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to a longstanding esophageal foreign body. Discussion: There are several challenges in diagnosis and management of this unusual situation. We review the literature regarding prolonged retention of foreign bodies and the challenges in diagnosis in the developmentally disabled child. Conclusion: Providers must have a high suspicion for foreign bodies in the case of unusual symptoms present in children with neurodevelopmental delays.
Physical Risk Factors for a Medial Elbow Injury in Junior Baseball Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 353 Players
Authors: Sakata Jun , Nakamura Emi , Suzukawa Makoto , Akaike Atsushi , Shimizu Kuniaki 
Published: September 2016

Background: The physical risk factors for a medial elbow injury in junior baseball players are unknown. Purpose: To identify the risk factors for an initial medial elbow injury in junior baseball players. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Junior baseball players (aged 6-12 years) without a history of elbow pain underwent a clinical assessment, ultrasonography, and physical function measurements before the baseball season started. Bilateral passive range of motion (ROM) of elbow extension and flexion, external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) of the shoulder, and ER and IR of the hip were measured. IR and ER strength of the shoulder and scapular muscles were measured on both sides. The thoracic kyphosis angle was measured with participants in a relaxed standing position. Before these examinations, every participant completed a questionnaire regarding his or her age, sex, total years of baseball played, position in baseball, number of balls thrown, and episodes of pain during throwing. After the initial test session, each participant was followed up for 12 months to assess for the occurrence of a new injury. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for a medial elbow injury. Results: Seventy-eight players (22.1%) sustained a medial elbow injury. Age ≥9 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.708; 95% CI, 1.224-5.990), pitcher position (OR, 2.620; 95% CI, 1.389-4.941), >100 throws per day (OR, 1.936; 95% CI, 1.072-3.497), thoracic kyphosis angle ≥30° (OR, 2.501; 95% CI, 1.381-4.531), and elbow extension deficit ≥5° (OR, 1.973; 95% CI, 1.022-3.809) were significantly associated with a medial elbow injury. Conclusion: The incidence of an initial medial elbow injury was 22.1%. Age, number of throws per day, thoracic kyphosis angle, and elbow extension deficit are newly discovered risk factors related to physical function. Improvement of the posture and early detection of a silent elbow extension deficit may prevent a medial elbow injury.
Traumatic and Degenerative Meniscus Tears Have Different Gene Expression Signatures
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Sandell Linda J. , Rai Muhammad Farooq 
Published: September 2016

Background: Meniscus tears are classified as traumatic or degenerative based on the tear pattern. There is little evidence demonstrating biological differences between the 2 tear types. Hypothesis: Gene expression signatures in the injured meniscus are different between traumatic (vertical) and degenerative (complex, horizontal, or flap) tears. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Samples of the torn meniscus from the white-white zone were removed at the time of clinically indicated partial meniscectomy from 48 patients (37 with degenerative tears and 11 with traumatic tears). mRNA expression in the injured menisci was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for selected molecular markers of osteoarthritis, inflammation, and cartilage homeostasis (eg, cytokines/chemokines, aggrecanases/metalloproteinases, transcription factors, cartilage matrix genes, and adipokines). The tear pattern (traumatic or degenerative) and location (medial or lateral) were recorded for each patient. Gene expression differences between degenerative and traumatic tears were computed after adjusting for patients’ age, sex, and body mass index and for location of the resected meniscus (medial/lateral). Results: Gene expression in meniscus tears varied by pattern. Chemokines ( IL8 [ P < .001] and CXCL6 [ P < .001]) and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP1 [ P = .011] and MMP3 [ P = .016]) were expressed at a significantly higher level in traumatic tears compared with degenerative tears. In contrast, COL1A1 was expressed at a lower level in traumatic tears compared with degenerative tears ( P = .058). None of the genes tested demonstrated significant differences between medial and lateral meniscus tears. Conclusion: Traumatic meniscus tears overall exhibited a higher inflammatory/catabolic response as evidenced by higher levels of chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression than degenerative tears. These findings suggest that there is a (molecular) biological distinction between traumatic and degenerative tears. Clinical Relevance: The catabolic/inflammatory differences between traumatic and degenerative tears may be relevant to treatment decisions regarding the meniscus as well as advance our understanding of how meniscus tears relate to the development of knee osteoarthritis.
Bilingual preschool children’s second-language vocabulary development: The role of first-language vocabulary skills and second-language talk input
Authors: Grøver Vibeke , Lawrence Joshua , Rydland Veslemøy 
Published: September 2016

Aims: In this study, we aimed to examine whether five-year-old children with varying first-language (L1) vocabulary skills benefitted differentially from second-language (L2) teacher-led group talk and peer-play talk when acquiring L2 vocabulary in preschool contexts. Design: The participants were 26 bilingual children, speaking Turkish (L1) and Norwegian (L2), who participated in a longitudinal study. At age five, they experienced variability in the amount and diversity of the L2 talk they were exposed to in interactions with teachers and peers. Data and analysis: Preschool L2 talk exposure was assessed by calculating the density of word tokens and word types in video-taped teacher-led group talk and in peer-play talk. The children’s vocabulary skills were assessed in L1 at age five and in L2 at ages four, five, six, seven and 10, using translated versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III. To obtain a more reliable estimate of the children’s L2 vocabulary skills we used data from all time points to fit a longitudinal growth model. Findings: Children with more developed L1 vocabulary skills who were exposed to teacher-led talk and peer-play talk with a high density of tokens had more developed L2 vocabulary skills at age five. This interaction effect remained after controlling for maternal education. Originality: Few previous studies, if any, have analyzed whether the interaction effects between L1 vocabulary skills and L2 exposure may impact L2 vocabulary skills; that is, whether children with more developed L1 vocabulary skills are more prepared to make use of the L2 environment. Implications: Interdependency among languages may be mediated by classroom talk quality. Rather than limiting the discussion of L1–L2 relations to issues of direct transfer, future research should include children’s experiences with using socio-pragmatic skills when interpreting word meaning.
Synergistic antitumor efficacy of antibacterial helvolic acid from Cordyceps taii and cyclophosphamide in a tumor mouse model
Authors: Xiao Jian-Hui , Zhang Yao , Liang Gui-You , Liu Ru-Ming , Li Xiao-Gang , Zhang Ling-Tao , Chen Dai-Xiong , Zhong Jian-Jiang 
Published: September 2016

The antibacterial agent helvolic acid, which was isolated from the active antitumor fraction of Cordyceps taii, showed potent cytotoxicity against different human cancer cells. In the present study, the in vivo antitumor effect of helvolic acid was investigated in murine sarcoma S180 tumor-bearing mice. Doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day helvolic acid did not exert significant antitumor activity. Interestingly, co-administration of 10 mg/kg/day helvolic acid and 20 mg/kg/day cyclophosphamide (CTX) – a well-known chemotherapy drug – showed promising antitumor activity with a growth inhibitory rate of 70.90%, which was much higher than that of CTX alone (19.5%). Furthermore, the combination markedly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In addition, helvolic acid enhanced the immune organ index. The protein expression levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were significantly suppressed in mice treated with 20 mg/kg/day helvolic acid and in those receiving combination therapy. Taken together, these results indicated that helvolic acid in combination with CTX showed potent in vivo synergistic antitumor efficacy, and its mechanism of action may involve the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway.
Costs Associated With Geriatric Ankle Fractures
Authors: Kadakia Rishin J. , Ahearn Briggs M. , Tenenbaum Shay , Bariteau Jason T. 
Published: September 2016

Introduction. Ankle fractures are the third most common orthopaedic injury seen in the geriatric patient. Studies have identified mortality benefits with operative management, but treatment must be considered on a case-by-case basis. In the era of value-based analysis, a thorough of understanding of outcomes and costs of treatment is required. The purpose of this study was to analyze the inpatient and readmission costs associated with operative and nonoperative management of geriatric ankle fractures. Methods. Patients were identified using diagnosis codes for ankle fractures from all 2008 Part A Medicare claims. Patients younger than 65 years and those who sustained an ankle fracture during the previous year were excluded. Operative patients were then identified by ICD-9 procedure codes. Other variables collected included age, comorbidities, and the incidence of hospital readmissions. Inpatient costs were determined using Medicare reimbursement data. Results. A total of 19 648 patients with ankle fractures were identified. Of these, 15 193 (77.3%) underwent operative intervention. The mean cost for initial fracture admission was $5097.20 for nonoperative management compared with $8798.10 for operative management (  P < .05). The mean inpatient costs associated with readmission for nonoperative intervention was $5161.50 and for operative treatment, it was $5071.40 (  P > .05). The reimbursement for hospital readmissions for both groups combined for approximately $29.7 million. The total cost of initial treatment plus readmission for both treatment groups combined was approximately $185 million. Discussion. The total expenditure estimate of $185 million in this study has likely increased given the steady growth of the geriatric population. Expenditures associated with these readmissions was approximately $30 million—nearly a sixth of total costs. Future work must focus on determining which patients will benefit from operative intervention and optimizing care to decrease readmissions and their associated cost in this growing cohort of patients. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective study
Characterizing borehole plumbing using full-waveform ultrasonic data: Application to data from a North Sea well
Authors: Haldorsen Jakob B. U. , Stensrud Espen , Merciu Ioan-Alexandru , Miller Douglas E. 
Published: September 2016

We have analyzed ultrasonic flexural data acquired in a North Sea well using a commercial tool optimized for generating such data, and found how one might separate refractions along successive layers of casings, and from these separated refractions, characterize successive pipes and annuli. From the timing of refracted events, we determined the shape of a pipe, and by examining the amplitudes of these refracted events — a measure of the conductance of a pipe wall to transverse movement — we characterized the material in the annuli around a pipe. Data from two separate depth intervals were analyzed, demonstrating that a well plan might not give a sufficiently accurate description of the well. In the deeper interval in which the inner pipe was supposed to be free, we found that the annulus was most likely filled with sedimentation and debris. We could also see that the inner 7 in tubing was touching, or nearly touching, the outer 9⅝ in casing over the entire interval. For the shallower interval, below a certain depth, we saw that the 7 in tubing appeared to be touching the 9⅝ in casing approximately every 7–8 m. From measurements inside the 7 in tubing, we estimated the deformation of the outer 9⅝ in casing to be up to a maximum of nearly 5 cm, meaning that the minimum inner diameter of the outer pipe was close to the outer diameter of the inner pipe. Whereas some features revealed by the analyses were “good-to-know” — such as minor pipe deficiencies and deformations — other features might be critical for planned overhaul, or for operations related to abandonment, e.g., touching points were potential sticking points. Knowing where they were may be critical in determining the best depth to cut a pipe before pulling.
Constructing an illusion of scientific uncertainty? Framing climate change in German and British print media
Authors: Schmid-Petri Hannah , Arlt Dorothee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article uses quantitative content analysis data from June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013 to examine the salience and construction of scientific uncertainty about climate change in German and British press coverage using quantitative content analysis data from June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013. The results show that uncertainty about climate change − against overwhelming consensus among climate scientists − is prominent in the press coverage of both countries. The findings indicate that it is important to distinguish whether scientific uncertainty can be found at the level of single articles, or at the level of the coverage as a whole. The study also reveals that uncertainty is constructed differently in German and British press coverage in terms of the media’s framing of climate science and the types of actors who are involved in the construction of scientific uncertainty.
Somatic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 are prognostic and follow-up markers in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia with normal karyotype
Authors: Virijevic Marijana , Karan-Djurasevic Teodora , Marjanovic Irena , Tosic Natasa , Mitrovic Mirjana , Djunic Irena , Colovic Natasa , Vidovic Ana , Suvajdzic-Vukovic Nada , Tomin Dragica , Pavlovic Sonja 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) genes are frequent molecular lesions in acute myeloid leukaemia with normal karyotype (AML-NK). The effects of IDH mutations on clinical features and treatment outcome in AML-NK have been widely investigated, but only a few studies monitored these mutations during follow-up.

Patients and methods
In our study samples from 110 adult de novo AML-NK were studied for the presence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, their associations with other prognostic markers and disease outcome. We also analyzed the stability of these mutations during the course of the disease in complete remission (CR) and relapse.

Results

IDH mutations were found in 25 (23%) patients. IDH+ patients tend to have lower CR rate compared to IDH-patients (44% vs 62.2%, p = 0.152), and had slightly lower disease free survival (12 months vs 17 months; p = 0.091). On the other hand, the presence of IDH mutations had significant impact on overall survival (2 vs 7 months; p = 0.039). The stability of IDH mutations were studied sequentially in 19 IDH+ patients. All of them lost the mutation in CR, and the same IDH mutations were detected in relapsed samples.

Conclusions
Our study shows that the presence of IDH mutations confer an adverse effect in AML-NK patients, which in combination with other molecular markers can lead to an improved risk stratification and better treatment. Also, IDH mutations are very stable during the course of the disease and can be potentially used as markers for minimal residual disease detection.
Prognosis estimation under the light of metabolic tumor parameters on initial FDG-PET/CT in patients with primary extranodal lymphoma
Authors: Okuyucu Kursat , Ozaydın Sukru , Alagoz Engin , Ozgur Gokhan , Ince Semra , Oysul Fahrettin Guven , Ozmen Ozlem , Tuncel Murat , Ozturk Mustafa , Arslan Nuri 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundNon-Hodgkin’s lymphomas arising from the tissues other than primary lymphatic organs are named primary extranodal lymphoma. Most of the studies evaluated metabolic tumor parameters in different organs and histopathologic variants of this disease generally for treatment response. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor parameters derived from initial FDG-PET/CT in patients with a medley of primary extranodal lymphoma in this study.Patients and methodsThere were 67 patients with primary extranodal lymphoma for whom FDG-PET/CT was requested for primary staging. Quantitative PET/CT parameters: maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), average standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were used to estimate disease-free survival and overall survival.ResultsSUVmean, MTV and TLG were found statistically significant after multivariate analysis. SUVmean remained significant after ROC curve analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 88% and 64%, respectively, when the cut-off value of SUVmean was chosen as 5.15. After the investigation of primary presentation sites and histo-pathological variants according to recurrence, there is no difference amongst the variants. Primary site of extranodal lymphomas however, is statistically important (p = 0.014). Testis and central nervous system lymphomas have higher recurrence rate (62.5%, 73%, respectively).ConclusionsHigh SUVmean, MTV and TLG values obtained from primary staging FDG-PET/CT are potential risk factors for both disease-free survival and overall survival in primary extranodal lymphoma. SUVmean is the most significant one amongst them for estimating recurrence/metastasis.
Children Circulating between the U.S. and Mexico
Authors: Panait Catalina , Zúñiga Víctor 
Published: September 2016

This article provides insights into the linguistic transitions and ruptures of migrant children in Mexican schools. The analysis focuses on children’s practices and perceptions of their own difficulties when reading and writing in Spanish after spending months in schools in the United States. Using in-depth interviews and sociolinguistic analysis, the article presents the particular case of children who endure seasonal migratory circulation between Mexico and the United States, and examines the linguistic disruptions these children experience during their journey from English to Spanish literacy every school year.
Este artículo presenta hallazgos en torno a las transiciones y rupturas lingüísticas de los niños migrantes en las escuelas mexicanas. El análisis se centra en las prácticas y percepciones de los niños acerca de sus propias dificultades al leer o escribir en español después de haber pasado periodos en las escuelas de Estados Unidos. Los datos que se presentan provienen de niños que participan año tras año de la migración circular de tipo estacional entre México y Estados Unidos. Mediante entrevistas a profundidad y análisis sociolingüísticos, se examinan las dislocaciones lingüísticas que estos niños experimentan mientras se están moviendo del inglés al español cada año escolar.
¿Quiénes están retornando de Estados Unidos a México?
Authors: Sandoval Rebeca , Zúñiga Víctor 
Published: September 2016

El artículo presenta una evaluación crítica de la producción académica que aborda la migración de retorno de Estados Unidos a México de 2008 a 2015. Los hallazgos muestran que la investigación se limita a estudiar el retorno de hombres adultos y su inserción en mercados laborales, así como el impacto económico y demográfico regional. Son casi inexistentes los trabajos sobre trayectorias, integración y experiencia migratoria de niños, jóvenes y mujeres, así como aquellos que toman en consideración las dinámicas familiares asociadas al retorno. Prevalecen las investigaciones deductivas de corte cuantitativo, a diferencia de las que abordan dimensiones cualitativas del fenómeno.
The article presents a critical evaluation of the academic production on return migration from the United States to Mexico from 2008 to 2015. Our findings reveal that current research has been limited to studying the return of adult men and their insertion into labor markets, as well as the economic and demographic impacts of return. Analyses of migratory trajectories, integration, and experience of children, women and youth, and other studies with a focus on family dynamics are rare or virtually inexistent. Deductive and quantitative investigations still prevail, compared to those that prioritize the qualitative dimensions of the phenomenon.