bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Clinicopathologic Features of Splenic Neoplasia Based on Body Weight: 325 Dogs (2003–2013)
Authors: Sherwood J. Matthew , Haynes April M. , Klocke Emily , Higginbotham Mary Lynn , Thomson Elizabeth M. , Weng Hsin-Yi , Towle Millard Heather A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMedical records of 396 dogs undergoing splenectomy for treatment of a splenic mass or nodular disease were reviewed retrospectively. Overall distribution of histopathologic diagnosis and clinicopathologic features were evaluated for 325 dogs that met inclusion criteria. Dogs were dichotomized into two groups based on weight, with the statistically derived cutoff identified as 27.8 kg. Malignancy was diagnosed in 58% of dogs, with no difference between small (55%) and large (61%) dogs (P = .291). Overall, 32% of splenic masses were hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which comprised 25 and 39% of all masses in small and large dogs, respectively. The diagnosis of HSA, non-HSA malignancy, or benign splenic disease was significantly different between the groups (P = .019). Of malignant diagnoses, HSA comprised 46 and 65% of small and large dog splenic neoplasms, respectively (P = .009). In both groups, dogs with HSA were significantly more likely to have preoperative anemia, hemoabdomen, thrombocytopenia, and a blood transfusion, as compared to dogs with non-HSA malignancy or benign lesions. Overall, dogs had similar odds of having a malignant splenic lesion regardless of weight, but dogs ≤27.8 kg were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with HSA.
Use of an HIV‐risk screening tool to identify optimal candidates for PrEP scale‐up among men who have sex with men in Toronto, Canada: disconnect between objective and subjective HIV risk
Authors: Wilton James , Kain Taylor , Fowler Shawn , Hart Trevor A , Grennan Troy , Maxwell John , Tan Darrell HS 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionIdentifying appropriate pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates is a challenge in planning for the safe and effective roll‐out of this strategy. We explored the use of a validated HIV risk screening tool, HIV Incidence Risk Index for Men who have Sex with Men (HIRI‐MSM), to identify “optimal” candidates among MSM testing at a busy sexual health clinic's community testing sites in Toronto, Canada.MethodsBetween November 2014 and April 2015, we surveyed MSM undergoing anonymous HIV testing at community testing sites in Toronto, Canada, to quantify “optimal” candidates for scaling up PrEP roll‐out, defined as being at high objective HIV risk (scoring ≥10 on the HIRI‐MSM), perceiving oneself at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk and being willing to use PrEP. Cascades were constructed to identify barriers to broader PrEP uptake. The association between HIRI‐MSM score and both willingness to use PrEP and perceived HIV risk were explored in separate multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf 420 respondents, 64.4% were objectively at high risk, 52.5% were willing to use PrEP and 27.2% perceived themselves at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk. Only 16.4% were “optimal” candidates. Higher HIRI‐MSM scores were positively associated with both willingness to use PrEP (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.3–2.2) and moderate‐to‐high perceived HIV risk (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.2–2.3). The proportion of men who were “optimal” candidates increased to 42.9% when the objective HIV risk cut‐off was changed to top quartile of HIRI‐MSM scores (≥26). In our full cascade, a very low proportion (5.3%) of MSM surveyed could potentially benefit from PrEP under current conditions. The greatest barrier in the cascade was low perception of HIV risk among high‐risk men, but considerable numbers were also lost in downstream cascade steps. Of men at high objective HIV risk, 68.3% did not perceive themselves to be at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk, 23.6% were unaware of PrEP, 40.1% were not willing to use PrEP, 47.6% lacked a family physician with whom they felt comfortable discussing sexual health, and 31.6% had no means to cover the cost of PrEP.ConclusionsA higher HIRI‐MSM cut‐off may be helpful for identifying candidates for PrEP scale‐up. Improving engagement in the PrEP cascade will require interventions to simultaneously address multiple barriers.
Hysteresis behavior of Kerr frequency comb generation in a high-quality-factor whispering-gallery-mode microcavity
Authors: Kato Takumi , Chen-Jinnai Akitoshi , Nagano Takuma , Kobatake Tomoya , Suzuki Ryo , Yoshiki Wataru , Tanabe Takasumi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A numerical and experimental study of Kerr frequency comb generation in a silica toroid microcavity is presented. We use a generalized mean-field Lugiato–Lefever equation and solve it with the split-step Fourier method. We observe that a stable mode-locked regime can be accessed when we reduce the input power after strong pumping due to the bistable nature of the nonlinear cavity system used. The experimental results agree well with the results of the numerical analysis, where we obtain a low-noise Kerr comb spectrum by gradually reducing the pumping input after strong pumping. This finding complements the results obtained by a previous wavelength scanning method and clarifies the procedure for achieving mode-locked states in such high-Q microcavity systems.
Monolithic structure of integrated coaxial microhollow dielectric barrier discharges: Characterization for environmental and biomedical applications
Authors: Tachibana Kunihide , Nakamura Toshihiro , Motomura Hideki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The characteristics of microhollow dielectric barrier discharge devices in a thin monolithic planar structure with many holes were analyzed regarding the production of OH radicals, using optical emission and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy techniques. Spatial distributions of OH radical density depended on the diameter of electrode holes from 0.6 to 1.5 mm and the discharge operating gas species. Apparent emission intensity from OH radicals and the LIF signals were very high in He and Ar gases but quite low in N2. However, taking into account the LIF quenching rate in each gas, the existing densities of OH radicals in all tested gases were not greatly different from each other. The absolute density of OH radicals estimated by a comparison of the LIF intensity with our measured result on a conventional He plasma jet referring to reported densities in similar situations was on the order of 1014 cm−3.
A 150‐year variation of the Kuroshio transport inferred from coral nitrogen isotope signature
Authors: Yamazaki Atsuko , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Tsunogai Urumu , Iwase Fumihito , Yamano Hiroya 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Kuroshio Current is a major global ocean current that drives the physical ocean‐atmosphere system with heat transport from tropical to temperate zones in the North Pacific Ocean. We reconstructed the variability of the Kuroshio transport over the past 150 years using coral skeletal nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15Ncoral). A 150 year δ15Ncoral record (1859–2008 A.D.) is 4 times the length of the observational record (1971 to present) and could provide a direct comparison with global climate change, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index and El‐Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), through recent global warming. Coral cores from Porites were collected from Tatsukushi Bay in 2008 on the Pacific coast of Japan, which is located on the northern front of the Kuroshio Current. δ15Ncoral was used as a proxy to record the δ15N of nitrate (δ15Nnitrate) controlled by the upwelling of subtropical subsurface water (δ15Nnitrate; ~ +2 − +3‰), and δ15Ncoral was negatively correlated with observations of the Kuroshio transport (R = −0.69, P < 0.001) and the 2 year lagged PDO index (R = −0.63, P < 0.005) from 1972 to 2007. The 150 year record of δ15Ncoral suggested that the Kuroshio transport varied with ~25 year cycle, and the amplitude became more stable, and the volume was intensified through the twentieth century. The Kuroshio transport was intensified by the La Niña state in the early 1900s and by the El Niño‐PDO state after the 1920s. Our results suggested that the Kuroshio transport was influenced by the combined climate modes of ENSO and PDO during the last century.
NeQuick and IRI‐Plas model performance on topside electron content representation: Spaceborne GPS measurements
Authors: Cherniak Iurii , Zakharenkova Irina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe correct representation of the topside ionosphere is still an open question for the empirical ionospheric models. We presents new results of the concurrent analysis of the topside electron content values derived from the GPS measurements on board the GOCE and TerraSAR‐X satellites with two empirical ionospheric models: NeQuick 2 and IRI‐Plas. Two periods of low (2009/2010) and moderate (2012) solar activities were analyzed. It is found that the IRI‐Plas model overestimates the electron content in the 250–500 km altitude interval for low solar activity and the topside total electron content (TEC) for the 500–20,000 km altitude range during daytime local time at low and moderate solar activities. The NeQuick 2 model demonstrates very similar to the IRI‐Plas results for the 250–500 km region and the opposite behavior for the region above 500 km with underestimated values for all considered seasons and local time. The most important region for the model/model differences was found to be within the altitude range of 500–2000 km. The observed understatement in the NeQuick 2 topside TEC results can be related to the simplified extension of the electron density profile toward the GPS orbit altitude without adjustment of the specific plasmasphere model. However, the plasmasphere model included into the IRI‐Plas leads to the noticeable overestimation of the TEC values derived from the spaceborne GPS measurements.
Evaluating the long‐term hydrology of an evapotranspiration‐capillary barrier with a 1000 year design life
Authors: Zhang Z. Fred 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA surface barrier is a commonly used technology for isolation of subsurface contaminants. Surface barriers for isolating radioactive waste are expected to perform for centuries to millennia, yet there are very few data for field‐scale surface barriers for periods approaching a decade or longer. The Prototype Hanford Barrier (PHB) with a design life of 1000 years was constructed over an existing radioactive waste site in 1994 to demonstrate its long‐term performance. The primary element of the PHB is an evapotranspiration‐capillary (ETC) barrier in which precipitation water is stored in a fine‐textured soil layer and later released to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration. To address the barrier performance under extreme conditions, this study included an enhanced precipitation stress test from 1995 to 1997 to determine barrier response to extreme precipitation events. During this period a 1000 year 24 h return rainstorm was simulated in March every year. The loss of vegetation on barrier hydrology was tested with a controlled fire test in 2008. The 19 year monitoring record shows that the store‐and‐release mechanism worked as well as or better than the design criterion. Average drainage from the ETC barrier amounted to an average of 0.005 mm yr−1, which is well below the design criterion of 0.5 mm yr−1. After a simulated wildfire, the naturally reestablished vegetation and increased evaporation combined to release the stored water and summer precipitation to the atmosphere such that drainage did not occur in the 5 years subsequent to the fire.
Melt onset over Arctic sea ice controlled by atmospheric moisture transport
Authors: Mortin Jonas , Svensson Gunilla , Graversen Rune G. , Kapsch Marie‐Luise , Stroeve Julienne C. , Boisvert Linette N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe timing of melt onset affects the surface energy uptake throughout the melt season. Yet the processes triggering melt and causing its large interannual variability are not well understood. Here we show that melt onset over Arctic sea ice is initiated by positive anomalies of water vapor, clouds, and air temperatures that increase the downwelling longwave radiation (LWD) to the surface. The earlier melt onset occurs; the stronger are these anomalies. Downwelling shortwave radiation (SWD) is smaller than usual at melt onset, indicating that melt is not triggered by SWD. When melt occurs early, an anomalously opaque atmosphere with positive LWD anomalies preconditions the surface for weeks preceding melt. In contrast, when melt begins late, clearer than usual conditions are evident prior to melt. Hence, atmospheric processes are imperative for melt onset. It is also found that spring LWD increased during recent decades, consistent with trends toward an earlier melt onset.
A refined method for calculating paleotemperatures from linear correlations in bamboo coral carbon and oxygen isotopes
Authors: Saenger Casey , Watkins James M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBamboo corals represent an emerging paleoclimate archive with the potential to record variability at intermediate depths throughout much of the global ocean. Realizing this potential has been complicated by biologically mediated vital effects, which are evident in linear correlations of skeletal carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope composition. Previous efforts to develop a bamboo coral δ18O paleothermometer by accounting for such vital effects have not been completely successful as they still rely on empirical calibrations that are offset from the temperature dependence of abiogenic experiments. Here we describe an approach that better corrects for bamboo coral vital effects and allows paleotemperatures to be calculated directly from the abiogenic temperature dependence. The success of the method lies in calculating apparent equilibrium carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation at the temperature, pH, and growth rate of each coral, as well as in the use of model II regressions. Rigorous propagation of uncertainty suggests typical errors of ±2–3°C, but in select cases errors as low as ±0.98°C can be achieved for densely sampled and strongly correlated data sets. This lower limit approaches the value attributed to uncertainty in pH and growth rate estimates alone, as predicted by a series of pseudoproxy experiments. The incorporation of isotopically light metabolic CO2 appears to be negligible in most Pacific corals, but may be significant in Atlantic specimens, potentially requiring an additional correction. The success of the method therefore hinges on how well complex environmental systems and biomineralization strategies are constrained, with the most reliable temperatures occurring when calcifying fluid pH, growth rate, and incorporation of metabolic carbon into skeletal calcite are constrained using multiple geochemical proxies.
Minimization of Surface Energies and Ripening Outcompete Template Effects in the Surface Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yu Xiu‐Jun , Zhuang Jin‐Liang , Scherr Julian , Abu‐Husein Tarek , Terfort Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs well‐oriented, surface‐bound metal–organic frameworks become the centerpiece of many new applications, a profound understanding of their growth mode becomes necessary. This work shows that the currently favored model of surface templating is in fact a special case valid only for systems with a more or less cubic crystal shape, while in less symmetric systems crystal ripening and minimization of surface energies dominate the growth process.
Microfluidic Cell Deformability Assay for Rapid and Efficient Kinase Screening with the CRISPR‐Cas9 System
Authors: Han Xin , Liu Zongbin , Zhao Li , Wang Feng , Yu Yang , Yang Jianhua , Chen Rui , Qin Lidong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerein we report a CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated loss‐of‐function kinase screen for cancer cell deformability and invasive potential in a high‐throughput microfluidic chip. In this microfluidic cell separation platform, flexible cells with high deformability and metastatic propensity flowed out, while stiff cells remained trapped. Through deep sequencing, we found that loss of certain kinases resulted in cells becoming more deformable and invasive. High‐ranking candidates identified included well‐reported tumor suppressor kinases, such as chk2, IKK‐α, p38 MAPKs, and DAPK2. A high‐ranking candidate STK4 was chosen for functional validation and identified to play an important role in the regulation of cell deformability and tumor suppression. Collectively, we have demonstrated that CRISPR‐based on‐chip mechanical screening is a potentially powerful strategy to facilitate systematic genetic analyses.
Recent development on perovskite‐type cathode materials based on SrCoO3 − δ parent oxide for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Li Mengran , Zhou Wei , Zhu Zhonghua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe slow oxygen reduction reaction kinetics as well as structural and chemical instability of cathode are the main barriers hindering the development of the solid oxide fuel cell operated at intermediate temperature. Therefore, immense efforts have been devoted to address these two demanding issues. Perovskite cathodes based on SrCoO3 − δ show promising electroactivity on oxygen reduction at intermediate temperature but are susceptible to contaminates in air. In this short review, we mainly cover the recent advances in SrCoO3 − δ‐based perovskite cathode development, with emphasis on doping strategies in electroactivity enhancement and cathode tolerance to CO2. Some future research directions are also recommended at the end of this review. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between natural exposure and artificial ageing test for typical marine coating systems
Authors: Zhang Hanlu , Dun Yuchao , Tang Yuming , Zuo Yu , Zhao Xuhui 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTNatural exposure test at Sanya and artificial ageing test were carried out for four kinds of typical marine coating system, respectively. The gloss, surface morphology, coating impedance, and infrared spectra of the coatings were measured with methods of SEM, EIS, and FT‐IR. The correlation between results from artificial ageing test and natural exposure test was discussed. The fluorocarbon paint showed longer ability to remain high gloss than polyurethane paint. The xenon lamp ageing test and natural exposure test led to similar changes in surface morphology of the coatings. For polyurethane paint under both tests, with extended testing time micropores and cracks occurred gradually on the surface, meantime the coating gloss decreased. The increase of the defect area corresponded well to the decrease of the coating gloss, suggesting that the degradation extent of the coating surface could be reflected by the gloss measurement. The rank correlation study showed that the results by 60 d, 150 d, 300 d, 360 d, and 450 d natural exposure, respectively, were very close to those by 228 h, 443 h, 841 h, 1958 h, and 4013 h artificial ageing test. Hence, the artificial xenon lamp ageing test may be used to simulate natural exposure test at Sanya. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43893.
Water‐Regulated Self‐Assembly Structure Transformation and Gelation Behavior Prediction Based on a Hydrazide Derivative
Authors: Li Yajie , Ran Xia , Li Qiuyue , Gao Qiongqiong , Guo Lijun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the water‐regulated supramolecular self‐assembly structure transformation and the predictability of the gelation ability based on an azobenzene derivative bearing a hydrazide group, namely, N‐(3,4,5‐tributoxyphenyl)‐N′‐4‐[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)azophenyl] benzohydrazide (BNB‐t4). The regulation effects are demonstrated in the morphological transformation from spherical to lamellar particles then back to spherical in different solvent ratios of n‐propanol/water. The self‐assembly behavior of BNB‐t4 was characterized by minimum gelation concentration, microstructure, thermal, and mechanical stabilities. From the spectroscopy studies, it is suggested that gel formation of BNB‐t4 is mainly driven by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, accompanied with the contribution from π–π stacking as well as hydrophobic interactions. The successfully established correlation between the self‐assembly behavior and solubility parameters yields a facile way to predict the gelation performance of other molecules in other single or mixed solvents.
Genesis of westerly wind bursts over the equatorial western Pacific during the onset of the strong 2015–2016 El Niño
Authors: Chen Shangfeng , Wu Renguang , Chen Wen , Yu Bin , Cao Xi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe strong 2015–2016 El Niño was initiated by several strong westerly wind bursts over the equatorial western Pacific in March and May 2015. These westerly wind bursts trigger eastward propagating warm Kelvin waves and lead to large sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific. The first burst of westerly winds in early March was mainly induced by the Arctic Oscillation (AO) event. These westerly wind anomalies were enhanced subsequently due to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation activity and northerly cold surges from East Asia‐western Pacific in mid‐March. Another westerly wind burst in May, induced by anomalous southerly winds from the Australian continent, further increased the SST anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific. This study provides an evidence of the AO influence on this strong El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event and demonstrates the complexity in the genesis of westerly wind bursts during the El Niño outbreak, which may help improve the prediction of ENSO.
When Sharing Is Not Caring: Does (un)Certainty About Bill Payment Method Lead Diners to Consume More and Spend More Money?
Authors: Shani Yaniv 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious work has demonstrated that unacquainted participants in an experimental, restaurant‐like setting consume more when they know in advance that the bill will be split evenly rather than paid according to individual consumption. Real life, however, often differs from these experimental settings in two important ways. First, unlike random groups of participants, diners who eat together are frequently friends or colleagues. Second, payment method (even vs. individual payment) is usually unknown (i.e. uncertain) at the time people place their orders, and is determined when the check arrives. The current research tests the ecological validity of the association between consumption amount and payment method. Study 1 was conducted in a natural setting with organic groups of diners. Some were asked to state their desired payment method before ordering (Certain condition); others did so only after asking for the check (Uncertain condition). In both conditions, even payment (as opposed to individual payment) was associated with greater consumption amount. However, overall, consumption amount was lower among diners in the Uncertain condition than among those in the Certain condition. Study 2 presents a controlled follow‐up experiment showing that eliminating diners' prior expectations regarding the payment method—by informing them that the payment method will be randomly determined after the consumption decision—eliminates the relationship between payment method and consumption amount. This study further indicates that when diners are uncertain what the payment method will be, even bill‐splitting has negative implications for their subsequent social interactions, expressed in retribution tendencies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.