bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geldpolitik in großen und kleinen Währungsräumen – Was lehrt uns das Beispiel des Schweizer Frankens?
Authors: Baltensperger Ernst 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
In seiner Thünen-Lecture vor dem Verein für Socialpolitik geht Ernst Baltensperger den Fragen nach, wie die Schweiz als relativ kleines Land dazu gekommen ist, eine unabhängige, „autonome“ Geldpolitik mit flexiblen Wechselkursen zu betreiben; wie der Schweizer Franken zur Hartwährung geworden ist; und ob es ein Fluch oder ein Segen ist, eine stabile, starke Währung zu besitzen. Ihr vergleichsweise ausgeprägter Wille zur monetären und finanzpolitischen Stabilität hat die Schweiz im extrem instabilen Umfeld des 20. Jahrhunderts schließlich dazu geführt, monetäre Selbständigkeit zu wählen. Die Stärke des Frankens ist im Grunde die Schwäche der anderen Währungen, verbunden mit dem Wunsch nach Stabilität und der Bereitschaft zur Eigenständigkeit. Entscheidend war, dass es der Schweiz gelungen ist, Institutionen aufzubauen, die sich als fruchtbar für die Schaffung und Erhaltung politischer und wirtschaftlicher Stabilität erwiesen haben. Die Wirtschaftsentwicklung der Schweiz gemäß praktisch allen relevanten Kriterien weist nicht darauf hin, dass sie an ihrer Politik der monetären Stabilität gelitten hat.
Experimental Study of Propulsion Performance by Single-Pulse Rotating Detonation with Gaseous Fuels-Oxygen Mixtures
Authors: Toshimitsu Kazuhiko , Hara Kosei , Mikajiri Shuuto , Takiguchi Naoki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA rotating detonation engine (RDE) is one of candidates of aerospace engines for supersonic cruse, which is better for propulsion system than a pulse detonation engine (PDE) from the view of continuous thrust and simple structure. The propulsion performance of a proto-type RDE and a PDE by single pulse explosion with methane-oxygen is investigated. Furthermore, the performance of the RDE with acetylene-oxygen gas mixtures is investigated. Its impulse is estimated through ballistic pendulum method with maximum displacement and damping ratio. The comparison of specific impulses of the mixture gases at atmospheric pressure is shown. The specific impulses of the RDE and the PDE are almost same with methane-oxygen gas. Furthermore, the fuel-base specific impulse of the RDE with acetylene-oxygen gas is about over twice as large as one of methane-oxygen, and its maximum specific impulse is 1100 seconds.
Studies on the Effect of Staggering the Rear Rotor in a Counter Rotating Turbine with Respect to Flow and Performance Parameters
Authors: Subbarao Rayapati , Govardhan M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Counter rotating turbine is an axial turbine with nozzle followed by a rotor and another rotor that rotates in the opposite direction of the first one. Absence of the second guide vane makes it more beneficial. Present work involves computationally studying the performance and flow pattern of CRT with different stagger angles ranging from 8 to 13° in case of rotor 2. Equivalent mass flow rates of 0.091 to 0.137 are considered. Turbine components nozzle, rotor 1 and rotor 2 are modeled for the cases of CRT with and without staggering. Total pressure, entropy and TKE distributions across the blade rows are used to describe the flow through CRT. Results show that the flow composition at the inlet of rotor 2 is improved for staggering cases. Due to this, the performance of rotor 2 and CRT increased with staggering. For the intermediate mass flow rate of 0.108, the efficiency of CRT stage is found to be increasing by 1.2, 2.1 and 1 % for the staggering cases. The beneficial aspect of staggering the rear rotor is thus confirmed that can provide long-term design solutions in terms of reducing weight, losses and improving the performance.
CH* Luminance Distribution Application and a One-Dimensional Model of the Supersonic Combustor Heat Release Quantization
Authors: Wang Z. P. , Gu H. B. , Cheng L. W. , Zhong F. Q. , Zhang X. Y. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
One-dimensional model is an important way to evaluate the performance and flow characteristics of dual-mode scramjet combustor. Current work is based on a modified one-dimensional model assisted by measurements acquired on a direct-connected scramjet facility. CH* images and gas-sampling facility have been employed to quantify heat release for optimizing one-dimensional model. The results show that modified one-dimensional model gives a better evaluation of axis parameters distribution, especially for Mach number, which is the standard parameter to evaluate combustion mode. The ram/scram mode derived by the analytical results has been investigated. Intensive heat release is beneficial to obtain more stable pre-combustion shock and subsonic flow in the recirculation zone.
Numerical Prediction of Impact of Clearance on Rotordynamic Coefficients for Labyrinth Brush Seal
Authors: Wei Yuan , Dowell Earl H. , Chen Zhaobo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The clearance has an obvious influence on the rotordynamic characteristics of brush seals. In order to better know the influence of brush seal on the stability of the rotor bearing system, the rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth brush seal under different clearance cases and operating conditions are numerically analyzed using CFD RANS solutions coupling with a non-Darcian porous medium model. The results show that at the same geometry parameter the radial force and tangential force will increase when the pressure ratio rises. And when the clearance increases, the direct stiffness decreases sharply at first and then rises slightly. The variation of cross-coupled stiffness is complex. Moreover, at the same operating condition the value of direct damping coefficients increases when clearance increases, which add a stable factor to the rotor.
Two highly acetylated sterols from the marine sponge Dysidea sp.
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhao Ming 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Two new highly acetylated steroids, named dysiroid A (1) and dysiroid B (2), together with a known compound (3) were isolated from the marine sponges Dysidea sp. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and high-resolution electrospray impact mass spectroscopy. Their in vitro antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacterial strains were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent activity against some of the strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 8 μg mL−1.
Representing syntax by means of properties: a formal framework for descriptive approaches
Authors: Blache Philippe 
Published: November 2016

Linguistic description and language modelling need to be formally sound and complete while still being supported by data. We present a linguistic framework that bridges such formal and descriptive requirements, based on the representation of syntactic information by means of local properties. This approach, called Property Grammars, provides a formal basis for the description of specific characteristics as well as entire constructions. In contrast with other formalisms, all information is represented at the same level (no property playing a more important role than another) and independently (any property being evaluable separately). As a consequence, a syntactic description, instead of a complete hierarchical structure (typically a tree), is a set of multiple relations between words. This characteristic is crucial when describing unrestricted data, including spoken language. We show in this paper how local properties can implement any kind of syntactic information and constitute a formal framework for the representation of constructions (seen as a set of interacting properties). The Property Grammars approach thus offers the possibility to integrate the description of local phenomena into a general formal framework.
Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae, Austrolebias vazferreirai (Berkenkamp, Etzel, Reichert and Salvia, 1994): new species record from Brazil
Authors: Cheffe Morevy Moreira , Volcans Matheus Vieira , Lanés Luis Esteban Krause 
Published: November 2016

The present note records for the first time the annual fish Austrolebias vazferreirai (Berkenkamp, Etzel, Reichert and Salvia) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.
Internet a zmiany modeli funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Wałęga Grzegorz 
Published: November 2016

The development of modern information and communication technologies is changing various sectors of the economy. Commercial use of the Internet not only brought about the e-business sector, but made it a key source of competitive advantage. The article reviews the operating models of companies that base their activity on the Internet. It presents a review of the subject literature, which leads to the conclusion that new technology has increased the competitive struggle, and intensified the integration of the value chain. Most e-business models are in fact reimplementations of their traditional counterparts.
Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu – perspektywa krytyczna
Authors: Kowalski Ryszard 
Published: November 2016

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been growing in importance for many years. It has been the subject of debate and research among academics and practitioners alike. The idea that business has obligations to society going beyond economic and legal responsibility is attractive, but also misleading and dangerous. The purpose of this paper is to critique the concept of CSR from an economic perspective. The paper argues that CSR can be seen from a theoretical perspective as a naive approach, one conflicted with the constraints imposed by economic rationality. Moreover, the economic activities of corporations seem to bear out this statement. In reality, CSR is commonly a mask corporations use to cover their profit maximisation activities, and therefore define social responsibility in self-interested ways. Considering the erosion of state power in the era of globalisation, the “social activity” of corporations can even undermine representative democracy and social welfare.
Konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstwa - główne aspekty
Authors: Szymanik Ewa 
Published: November 2016

The article examines the theoretical aspects of enterprise competitiveness, reviewing the contemporary definitions of such competitiveness and looking at one of the author’s own design. It also discusses the main aspects and determinants of competitiveness. The conclusions are formulated on the basis of the analysis of modern definitions of enterprise competitiveness. It is said that the ultimate judge of competitiveness is the market, but other factors also play an essential role. These include innovativeness, time, word-of-mouth marketing and the need to build durable advantage that can’t be replicated.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS VÍTIMAS DE TRAUMATISMO CRANIENCEFÁLICO ATENDIDAS PELO SAMU-SALVADOR
Authors: Santos Marcio Roberto Coelho , Fraga-Maia Helena 
Published: November 2016

Introdução: No Brasil, o trauma aparece como grave problema de saúde, sendo o traumatismo craniencefálico (TCE), o de maior índice de morbimortalidade. Estima-se que o tempo entre a ocorrência do trauma, o diagnóstico e o tratamento adequado seja primordial para a recuperação do paciente, principalmente na primeira hora, chamada de Golden hour. Em Salvador, o SAMU é o serviço responsável por esse atendimento e o monitoramento da frequência de agravos e de fatores associados aos traumas pode contribuir para a efetivação de melhoras no atendimento. Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico das ocorrências das vítimas de TCE atendidas pelo SAMU-Salvador e alguns aspectos relativos ao serviço prestado, no período de outubro de 2006 a dezembro de 2010. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, avaliando-se dados secundários de todos os registros de ocorrência de vítimas de TCE atendidas pelo SAMU, em Salvador-Bahia-Brasil. Resultados: Foram analisados 105 registros de vítimas que na sua maioria eram do sexo masculino (74,3%) e tinham entre 21 a 40 anos (32,1%). Queda foi a principal etiologia dos TCE (36,2%), seguida do atropelamento (19,0%). Os dias de quinta-feira a domingo apresentaram maior frequência de vítimas (71,4%). Observou-se um aumento dos coeficientes de prevalência das causas externas e do TCE ao longo dos anos. Conclusão: O perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de TCE atendidas pelo SAMU-Salvador foi formado principalmente por indivíduos jovens, do sexo masculino e a população economicamente ativa. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de melhorar o sistema de notificação do SAMU.
INFLUÊNCIA DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA SOBRE A QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE GESTANTES: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Lima Jôse Maryane , Bispo Waldinéia , Cordeiro André Luiz 
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A gestação provoca alterações que incidem principalmente nos sistemas cardiorrespiratório, musculoesquelético e no metabolismo geral que não se restringe apenas aos órgãos, mas também à mecânica do corpo feminino. Além de atentar para todas essas alterações, é necessário que os profissionais de saúde preocupem-se com a qualidade de vida dessas mulheres, o que trará benefícios tanto para ela como também para o feto. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto do exercício físico sobre a qualidade de vida em gestantes. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com gestantes. Elas responderam a um questionário internacional de atividade física, intitulado IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) versão curta e divididas em sedentárias e fisicamente ativas. Além disso, um questionário de qualidade de vida (SF – 36). Resultados: Foram avaliadas 56 mulheres, tendo as grupo “Ativa” média de idade de 28,6 ± 5,6 anos e grupo “Sedentária” a média de idade foi de 29 ± 6 anos. No quesito dor o grupo “Ativa” teve uma melhor pontuação quando comparado ao grupo “Sedentário” (48,4 ± 29 vs. 69 ± 23,7, respectivamente (p = 0,007). O mesmo aconteceu com Estado Geral da Saúde 50 ± 11,5 vs. 57,1 ± 10,6 (p = 0,01) e Limitação por Aspectos Emocionais 38,2 ± 9,9 vs. 54,5 ± 14,1 (p<0,001). Conclusão: Com base nos achados do presente estudo, o exercício físico influencia positivamente a qualidade de vida das gestantes.
Primary pleural thymoma: A mimic in thoracic pathology
Authors: Monaco Roberto , D'Alterio Antonietta , Lucci Raffaella , Nappi Oscar 
Published: November 2016

<p>We report a case of ectopic thymoma of the pleura with a growth pattern mimicking diffuse pleural mesothelioma. Diagnostic imaging showed that the pleural tumour encased the entire left lung. The specimen biopsied from the tumour was composed of lymphocytes and epithelial cells, consistent with the B1 type of thymoma. The surgical exploration of the anterosuperior mediastinum found no evidence of a thymic tumour. The thymoma was thought to originate from an ectopic thymic tissue in the pleura, as a lesion independent from the primary mediastinal thymoma, and it spreads along the pleura like a diffuse mesothelioma. Owing to their peculiar location and a variety of manifested histologic patterns, pleural thymomas may be confused with other neoplasms and may cause diagnostic problems clinically, radiologically, and morphologically. A combination of clinical information, histopathological appearance of the tumour, and immunohistochemical studies will often help to distinguish a primary pleural thymoma from other neoplasms. </p>
Efficient Removal of Dyes Using Almond Husk as a Natural Adsorbent
Authors: M. Bhanuprakash , S.L. Belagali 
Published: November 2016

<div><p><em>Industrialization and urbanization is considered as, one of major threat to pollution of air, soil and water systems. Among these, water pollution is considered as important one. The addition of various pollutants to water resources is considered as major threat for deterioration of water quality and makes it unsuitable for domestic purposes. Out of many water pollutants, dyes are considered as most hazardous for the plants, animals and human beings. So, it is very important to conserve water due to limited availability. In the present study, almond husk was neutraceutical spent used as adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions in batch mode experiments. Parameters like contact time, pH, adsorbent concentration, adsorbent dose were studied. The results show that, almond husk is a very good adsorbent for the removal of dyes from the aqueous medium. The adsorption isotherms like Freudlich and Langmuir model were calculated and found to be favorable. </em></p></div>
Word Sense Disambiguation Using Semantic Web for Tamil to English Statistical Machine Translation
Authors: T.S. Santosh Kumar 
Published: November 2016

<div><p><em> Machine Translation has been an area of linguistic research for almost more than two decades now. But it still remains a very challenging task for devising an automated system which will deliver accurate translations of the natural languages. However, great strides have been made in this field with more success owing to the development of technologies of the web and off late there is a renewed interest in this area of research. </em></p><p><em> Technological advancements in the preceding two decades have influenced Machine Translation in a considerable way. Several MT approaches including Statistical Machine Translation greatly benefitted from these advancements, basically making use of the availability of extensive corpora. Web technology web3.0 uses the semantic web technology which represents any object or resource in the web both syntactically and semantically. This type of representation is very much useful for the computing systems to search any content on the internet similar to lexical search and improve the internet based translations making it more effective and efficient.</em></p><p><em> In this paper we propose a technique to improve existing statistical Machine Translation methods by making use of semantic web technology. Our focus will be on Tamil and Tamil to English MT. The proposed method could successfully integrate a semantic web technique in the process of WSD which forms part of the MT system. The integration is accomplished by using the capabilities of RDFS and OWL into the WSD component of the MT model. The contribution of this work lies in showing that integrating a Semantic web technique in the WSD system significantly improves the performance of a statistical MT system for a translation from Tamil to English.</em></p></div><em> In this paper we assume the availability of large corpora in Tamil language and specific domain based ontologies with Tamil semantic web technology using web3.0. We are positive on the expansion and development of Tamil semantic web and subsequently infer that Tamil to English MT will greatly improve the disambiguation concept apart from other related benefits. This method could enable the enhancement of translation quality by improving on word sense disambiguation process while text is translated from Tamil to English language. This method can also be extended to other languages such as Hindi and Indian Languages.</em>
Studentų vardai Šiaulių universitete
Authors: Lukošienė Renata 
Published: November 2016

Nors lietuvių asmenvardžiai yra gana intensyviai tyrinėjami jau daug metų, tačiau Šiaulių universiteto studentų vardai yra mažai nagrinėti. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama ištirti Šiaulių universiteto studentų vardus sociolingvistiniu aspektu, atlikti kalbinę ir statistinę vardų analizę, apžvelgti studentų vardų įvairovę, jų populiarumą, vardų kilmę ir semantinę motyvaciją. Ištirti 7 166 studentų, studijavusių Šiaulių universitete 2000–2015 metais, vardai, iš kurių 5 776 yra merginų vardai, 1 390 – vaikinų vardai. Per analizuojamą laikotarpį suskaičiuoti 735 skirtingi vardai, iš kurių 491 yra moterų vardas, 244 – vyrų vardai. Nustatyta, kad populiariausias moters vardas yra sulotynintas graikiškos kilmės vardas Kristina (180 studenčių), antras pagal dažnumą – lietuviškas vardas Lina (177 studentės), trečias – graikiškos kilmės Jurgita (154 studentės). Dominuojantis vaikinų vardas yra hebrajiškos kilmės vardas Tomas (72 studentai), antroje vietoje – lietuviškas vardas Mindaugas (54 studentai), trečioje – graikiškas vardas Andrius (41 studentas). Išanalizavus vardų etimologiją pastebėta, kad tarp labiausiai paplitusių moterų vardų daugiausia yra lietuviškos kilmės vardų, pavyzdžiui, Aušra, Daiva, Jūratė, Rasa, Vaida, o populiariausių vyrų vardų dalyje vyrauja kalendoriniai krikštavardžiai – hebrajų, graikų, lotynų, germanų ir keltų.Tyrimo metu surinkti duomenys lyginami su Lietuvoje registruotais vaikų vardais (remtasi Valstybinės lietuvių kalbos komisijos parengto Lietuvos Respublikos piliečių sąvado ir Gyventojų registro tarnybos duomenimis).Išanalizavus studentų vardus paaiškėjo, kad kai kurie lietuviški vardai turi aiškią motyvuotą semantiką: vardai, reiškiantys charakterio, asmenybės požymius; vardai, susiję su tam tikrais gamtos reiškinių ir augalų pavadinimais. Daug nelietuviškos kilmės vardų atspindi teigiamas socialines ir kultūrines visuomenės ypatybes.Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad Šiaulių universiteto studentų vardai atspindi socialinę ir kultūrinę visuomenės atmosferą, išryškina visuomenėje dominuojančias vertybes. Tai parodė senųjų lietuviškų vardų ir kalendorinių krikštavardžių didelis populiarumas bei mažesnis apeliatyvinių ir neįprastų, vengtinų deminutyvinių vardų paplitimas.
Moterų, auginančių vaikus, sunkumai derinant šeimą ir karjerą
Authors: Bielskytė Kristina , Smilgienė Jurgita 
Published: November 2016

Šeimos ir karjeros derinimas – kiekvienam žmogui aktuali problema, tačiau dažniausiai su tuo susiduria moterys, auginančios vaikus. Visuomenėje tebevyrauja stereotipas, kad moteris turi aukotis dėl šeimos. Išanalizavus mokslinę ir metodinę literatūrą išsiaiškinta, kad moterims, auginančioms vaikus, karjeros derinimą sunkina šie veiksniai: 1) profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo derinimo konfliktas; 2) karjeros pertrūkiai; 3) nelankstus vaikų priežiūros organizavimo pobūdis; 4) lyčių vaidmenys (lyties diskriminacija); 5) darbdavių požiūris į reprodukcinio amžiaus moteris.Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti, kokių sunkumų kyla moterims, auginančioms vaikus ir derinančioms šeimą ir karjerą. Tyrimo duomenys buvo rinkti taikant pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodą. Interpretuojant duomenis naudotasi turinio analizės metodu. Taikyta tikslinė informantų atranka (tyrimo dalyvės – penkios moterys, auginančios vaikus ir derinančios šeimą ir karjerą). Empirinio tyrimo rezultatai liudija, kad didžiausias sunkumas moterims yra profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo derinimo konfliktas. Sunkumus lemiančios priežastys dažniausiai yra šios: laiko stoka, darbdavių nesupratingumas ir namų rutina, sąlygojanti socialinių ir profesinių įgūdžių stoką. Dermės sėkmę lemia vaidmenų kaita ir tolygus darbo ir pareigų pasidalijimas šeimoje. Moterys akcentuoja, kad valstybės politika nėra orientuota į pagalbą moterims, norinčioms derinti šeimą ir karjerą.