bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The radiocarbon age of soil carbon is a function of vertical transport rates
Authors: Amundson Ronald , Sanderman Jonathan , Yoo Kyungsoo , Chitsaz Maedeh , Abramova Anna , Georgiou Katerina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The radiocarbon content of soil organic carbon (C) is largely assumed to be a reflection of the carbon’s reactivity and a metric of its potential response to either warming or CO2 enhanced soil C inputs. Here we show that advective vertical transport of soil C is an important process affecting apparent soil C ages. This then leads to the conclusion that the increase in soil radiocarbon ages with depth significantly reflects the time of vertical transport, and has no immediate bearing on the carbon’s reactivity without the insight provided through a reaction-transport framework. Thus, the increasing radiocarbon ages of C with depth do not directly imply an increase in soil C resistance to warming or other perturbations. Based on theory, and an independent assessment of soil C decomposition rates, the radiocarbon profiles (and content for a given depth) were calculated, based on the shape of the C depth profile, for over 3000 soils in the USA, and were compared to observational results based on measured soil radiocarbon. The first-order coherence between the two entirely differing approaches suggests the fundamental importance of transport, and the implication that soil C is largely equally responsive to environmental change at all depths. This perspective provides insights that can serve to reduce biases in Earth System Model projections of depth-resolved soil C and its radiocarbon content.
Thianthrenium-Enabled Chromium-Catalyzed Deuterated Alkyl Addition to Aldehydes via Photoactive Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex
Authors: Zhao Binlin , Xiao Wenjuan , Tian Youye , Du Liting , Liu Wen , Fang Changping , Ma Mengtao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction offers effective and reliable strategies for the preparation of alcohols via carbon-carbon bond formation. Typical methods usually require stoichiometric amount of chromium salts, co-transition metals and auxiliary reagents, which limits practical application in industrial chemistry. In order to mitigate these limitations, substantial efforts have been made to develop chromium-catalytic approaches. However, excess amount of metal reductants or expensive photocatalysts played essential roles during the catalytic cycles. Here, we present a photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex-induced chromium-catalyzed route accomplishing alkyl addition to aldehydes without the requirement of metal reductants or photocatalysts. Furthermore, based on the pH-dependent site-selective hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) of alkyl thianthrenium salts, diversities of β-deuterated secondary alcohols could be prepared with high efficiency and excellent deuterium incorporation. Mechanistic studies revealed that the photo-induced intramolecular single electron transfer (SET) of EDA complex happened to provide alkyl radicals that are captured by Cr(II) species to facilitate the subsequent carbon-carbon formation. Meanwhile, the excited Hantzsch ester could act as the terminal reductant for the turnover of the chromium catalyst.
Production and evaluation of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of fruit jam from star fruit, hog plum and black plum
Authors: Adindu-Linus Chidiamara Onyinyechi , Linus-Chibuezeh Adindu , Okparaji Adaeze Favour , Onyema Nmesoma Carnelian , Iwe Maduebisis Ofo 
Published: September 2024

Tropical fruits such as black plum, star fruit, and hog plum are excellent sources of phytochemicals which are essential for human health but the back drop of these fruits is their perishability, leading to tones of postharvest losses. To address these concerns, these fruits could be utilized in jam processing to further extend their shelf lives. This research work on production and quality evaluation of mixed-fruit jam produced from star fruit, hog plum, and black plum using mixture experimental design of response surface methodology was undertaken to improve the utilization of these underutilized fruits in jam processing. The produced mixed fruit jams were assessed for physicochemical and antioxidant properties using standard methods. Statistical analysis and optimization of mixture variables were carried out using Design-Expert software version 6.0.8 while means were separated using ANOVA and significance accepted for p≤0.05 using Duncan ranged multivariate test using the IBM SPSS Statistics software version 22. Result of analysis for physicochemical properties showed that pH of the fruit jams ranged from 3.41 to 4.46, titratable acidity 0.33 to 0.48 %, total solids 44.35 to 75.07 %, while the range of 53.22–74.65°Brix was recorded for total sugar and 19.94 to 25.64 mPas for viscosity. Antioxidant properties of the fruit jams ranged from 310.34 to 471.57 mg/ml for DPPH and ranged from 526.64 to 650.26 mmol.AAE/g for FRAP. The result of mixture variable optimization showed that optimal responses, jam should be produced from fruit combination comprising 8.43 %-star fruit, 91.57 % black plum and 0 % hog plum with 60 % desirability or experimental run comprising 5.08 %-star fruit, 90.39 % hog plum and 4.53 % black plum with 58 % desirability
An ensemble approach to downscale climatological variables via screening of clustered ANNs
Authors: Razzaghzadeh Zahra , Nasseri Mohsen , Tabesh Masoud , Masoumi Fariborz 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The statistical downscaling of global circulation models presents a significant challenge in selecting appropriate input variables from a vast pool of predictors. To address the issue, we developed ensemble approach based on the Combining Multiple Clusters via Similarity Graph (COMUSA), which integrates k-means and self-organizing maps (SOMs) methods with the mutual information (MI)-random sampling approach. This innovative feature extraction technique demonstrated a 21% improvement in the classification efficacy of large-scale climatic variables. When comparing feature extraction methods, the combination of MI-random sampling and ensemble clustering yielded more accurate results than SOM clustering alone. The most efficient artificial neural networks (ANNs)-based downscaling model was employed to project near- and mid-future precipitation and temperature (2025–2035, 2035–2045), revealing varied outcomes under different scenarios (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). Under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5, annual mean precipitation values are projected to decrease by 2–3 and by 4–5%. Also, projected annual mean temperature values indicate an increase in 21-27 and 29-35% under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Integrating COMUSA ensemble clustering with MI-random sampling enhances the estimation accuracy of the ANN downscaling model, contributing to accurate projections of future precipitation and temperature values.
Integrated approach for flood shelter site selection and emergency response accessibility analysis at the provincial scale: a case study in Henan, China
Authors: Zhonghui Ji , Zheng Hualong , Jiaxuan Zou 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Emergency response efficiency is affected seriously by shelter location during traffic disruption caused by floods. In this paper, a new framework including the suitability assessment of shelter location and the accessibility analysis of emergency response is proposed. Firstly, an evaluation criteria system from a risk perspective is established to screen candidate shelters. Secondly, candidate shelters’ effective area, capacity, and service radius are combined to determine the suitable shelter locations. Finally, the emergency accessibility of traffic under different rainstorm scenarios is calculated, respectively. The results show that resident emergency congregate shelters are suitable to be built in economically developed and highly densely populated areas around the central part of Henan, and it is mainly to guard against extreme floods caused by heavy rainfall. It should be dominated by emergency evacuation and embarkation shelters to prevent daily floods in the west and southwest. In addition, the reduced accessibility is apparent in the western and southeastern regions owing to road inundation, and occurs in the disaster scenarios of the 20-year return period and more. This study suggests how to select suitable shelters by considering the spatial heterogeneity of the province.
Assessing the impact of Escherichia coli on recreational water safety using quantitative microbial risk assessment
Authors: Delair Zaakirah , Schoeman Michaela , Reyneke Brandon , Singh Atheesha , Barnard Tobias George 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Recreational water activities have become an integral part of society for entertainment, health, and fitness. The water quality for these activities plays an integral role in the health and safety of the participants. This study aimed to monitor the presence of Escherichia coli in selected recreational water bodies, specifically rowing in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Water samples were collected (upstream, midstream, and downstream) from three recreational water sites, i.e., Klip Rivier, Wemmer Pan, and Germiston Lake, monthly from May to October 2022. The presence of E. coli was determined using the Colilert® Quanti-Tray®/2,000 (IDEXX) assay and ChromoSelect agar. Pathotypes were confirmed using a multiplex PCR. The MPN for E. coli from all the samples exceeded the recommended guidelines of &lt;2,000 microbes/100 mL. Pathogenic E. coli was detected in all three sites, with EPEC, ETEC, EAEC being most prevalent. The E. coli isolates showed 66% ESBL resistance and 94% carbapenemase resistance. Risk assessment showed recreational activities (rowing and swimming) posed a significant health risk as exceeded the annual risk benchmark limit of 1 × 104. The results obtained provide insights into the health risk associated with recreational activities within these water bodies and highlight the need for seasonal monitoring.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater sources: carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic evaluation
Authors: Kapoor Kshipra , Kumar Shakti , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Obaidullah Ahmad J. , Yadav Krishna Kumar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Persistent exposure to arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, and selenium in drinking water above permissible levels poses significant health risks, including increased incidences of skin, lung, bladder, and kidney cancers. This study evaluated 34 water samples from Rupnagar district, Punjab, for heavy metal content. Health risks were assessed using hazard quotient (HQ) and chronic daily intake metrics. Aluminium concentrations were highest in Block Nurpur Bedi (36.43 mg/L). Arsenic levels in Ropar and Anandpur Sahib were 0.09 and 0.068 mg/L, respectively. Cadmium was highest in Nurpur Bedi (0.041 mg/L). Morinda had the highest selenium concentration (0.0038 mg/L). Lead was detected across all blocks, peaking in Chamkaur Sahib (2.176 mg/L). The HQ exceeded unity in nearly all areas, indicating significant health risks from aluminium, arsenic, and lead. The hazard index was highest in Nurpur Bedi (2.66) for adults. Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) values indicated a high cancer risk from arsenic, chromium, and lead across all blocks. One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences among Fe, As, and Al concentrations (p &lt; 0.05). The findings underscore the need for targeted treatment technologies and policies to mitigate heavy metal contamination and its health impacts in Punjab.
A review of the wetland's restoration mechanisms and its economic and social benefits
Authors: Prasanya J. , Kanmani S. , Senthil Kumar P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Our Earth has given many ecosystems that will heal themselves from the degradations. One of those ecosystems is the wetland, which is a precious natural sponge, naturally purifying and replenishing the water, heading off floods, and mainly giving tremendous biodiversity to the flora and fauna. However, human activities are degrading the wetlands and polluting them indiscriminately with solid wastes and domestic and industrial wastewater discharge. With the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, nations around the world have acknowledged the critical benefits of wetland restoration and development. In this review article, we contributed to address the general wetland policies in the world, both nationally (India) and regionally (Tamil Nadu). In this paper, we will be discussing the reviews on the characteristics of wetland ecosystems, indices of biodiversity, risks to the wetland's restoration tactics, its main obstacle, and the financial advantages of wetlands. After clearly analyzing 226 previous research and review articles, a clear coherence between the explored hypothesis of wetland restoration mechanisms and the resulting economic and social benefits was arrived. Our findings indicate that effective restoration not only enhances ecosystem services but also leads to significant economic gains and improved community well-being. This alignment underscores the importance of investing in wetland restoration for sustainable development.
Sodium alginate- and chitosan-based hydrogels with different network charges for selective removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water
Authors: Moharrami Parisa , Hazrati Sajjad , Shakeri Fateh , Motamedi Elaheh , Ariaeenejad Shohreh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The grafting of chitosan (CH) and sodium alginate (SA) biopolymers with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and acrylamide (AAm) monomers, combined with graphene oxide (GO), led to the formation of bio-based hydrogels. These hydrogels, named CH -GO -hydrogel (GO/CH-g-poly (AAm-co-GMA)), CH -GO -hydrogel (CH-g-poly (AAm-co-GMA)), SA -GO -hydrogel (GO/SA-g-poly(AAm-co-GMA)), and SA -hydrogel (SA-g-poly(AAm-co-GMA)), were tested as selective dye adsorbents. While the chitosan-based hydrogels exhibited positive zeta potential values ranging from +27.5 to +0.1 mV, alginate-based samples had negative values between −10.4 to −41.7 mV in pH conditions from 3.0 to 9.0. Adding GO nano-fillers reduced the swelling capacity of both hydrogels, with water absorption (WA) values for SA -GO -hydrogel and SA -hydrogel recorded at 10.1 and 22.2 g/g, respectively. The ability of these materials to adsorb dyes, specifically crystal violet (cationic) and Congo red (anionic), was confirmed. Factors such as adsorbent dosage, initial pH, dye concentration, shaking time, and temperature were analyzed to determine dye adsorption capacity. Interestingly, the pristine hydrogels, free of GO, performed better than their nanocomposite counterparts. Adsorption capacities (qm) for crystal violet and Congo red with SA -hydrogel, SA -GO -hydrogel, CH -hydrogel, and CH -GO -hydrogel was 909.1, 714.3, 454.5, and 400.0 mg/g, respectively.
Temporal variability of precipitation and humidity in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India using GIS modelling: a multi decadal study
Authors: Sharma Akriti , Singh Kanwarpreet , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigates precipitation and specific humidity trends from 1981 to 2023, uncovering significant fluctuations across the Mandi region. Analysis of the data shows a broad range in mean annual rainfall, from 631.26 to 1,174.16 mm, highlighting the region's climatic diversity. A stark contrast in rainfall levels is noted between two periods: 1986 to 1990 saw exceptionally low rainfall (9.53–12.55 mm), while 1981 to 1985 experienced high precipitation (13,220.97–13,951.36 mm). The study identifies a peak in precipitation coverage (66%) from 2016 to 2020, with rainfall volumes reaching 5,993.81–6,357.93 mm, contrasting with the lowest coverage (1%) from 2006 to 2010. Additionally, the research reveals significant variation in specific humidity, with the lowest levels recorded between 2021 and 2023 (6,623.94–7,600.59 g/kg) and the highest between 2016 and 2020 (16,353.74–17,313.94 g/kg). The highest and lowest area-wise percentages of specific humidity were observed between 1991 and 1995 (38%) and 1996 and 2000 (5%), respectively. These findings shed light on the dynamic nature of precipitation and humidity in the region, offering critical insights for understanding local climate patterns and informing sectors dependent on precise climatic data.
Investigating the Use of Telemedicine by Health Care Providers to Diagnose and Manage Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vincent Raphaël , Charron Maxime , Lafrance Simon , Cormier Audrey-Anne , Kairy Dahlia , Desmeules François 
Published: September 2024

Background
Access to care is a major challenge for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs). Telemedicine is one of the solutions to improve access to care. However, initial remote diagnosis of MSKDs involves some challenges, such as the impossibility of touching the patient during the physical examination, which makes it more complex to obtain a valid diagnosis. No meta-analysis has been performed to date to synthesize evidence regarding the initial assessment including a physical evaluation using telemedicine to diagnose patients with MSKDs.

Objective
This study aims to appraise the evidence on diagnostic and treatment plan concordance between remote assessment using synchronous or asynchronous forms of telemedicine and usual in-person assessment for the initial evaluation of various MSKDs.

Methods
An electronic search was conducted up to August 2023 using terms related to telemedicine and assessment of MSKDs. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Random-effect model meta-analyses were performed. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations framework was used to synthesize the quality and certainty of the evidence.

Results
A total of 23 concordance studies were eligible and included adult participants (N=1493) with various MSKDs. On the basis of high certainty, pooled κ and prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted κ for the diagnostic concordance between remote and in-person assessments of MSKDs were 0.80 (95% CI 0.72-0.89; 7 studies, 353 patients) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76-0.89; 6 studies, 306 patients). On the basis of moderate certainty, pooled Gwet AC1 for treatment plan concordance between remote and in-person assessments of MSKDs was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80-0.99; 2 studies, 142 patients).

Conclusions
The diagnostic concordance for MSKDs is good to very good. Treatment plan concordance is probably good to excellent. Studies evaluating the accuracy to detect red and yellow flags as well as the potential increase in associated health care resources use, such as imaging tests, are needed.
Dose-Response Associations of Internet Use Time and Internet Addiction With Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Juanjuan , Sun Weidi , Luo Zeyu , Liu Yi , Huang Xuanyin , Jiang Denan , Li Shuting , Meng Jia , Gu Fang , Zhang Ronghua , Song Peige 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Children’s lives are increasingly mediated by digital technologies, yet evidence regarding the associations between internet use and depression is far from comprehensive and remains unclear.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the dose-response association between internet use, including use time and addiction behaviors, and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province.

Methods
Data were collected from a school-based health survey China Common Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Among Students, encompassing 21,336 students in Zhejiang Province. The daily internet use time, internet addiction (IA) behaviors, and depressive symptoms were assessed with questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of internet use time and IA behaviors with depressive symptoms among children and adolescents. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to determine the dose-response associations.

Results
A total of 6225 (29.2%) students had depressive symptoms. Compared to those reporting no internet use, boys using the internet for >2 hours/day (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.34‐1.74) and girls using internet for 1.1‐2 hours/day (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06‐1.39) and >2 hours/day (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.50‐1.93) were at higher risks of depressive symptoms. A significant J-shaped association was identified between internet use time and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents, especially in boys and primary school students (nonlinear P values were .006, .003, and <.001, respectively). Increased IA behaviors were associated with a higher odd of depressive symptoms (1 IA behavior: OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.83‐2.21; 2 IA behaviors: 2.91, 95% CI 2.57‐3.29; and ≥3 IA behaviors: 4.72, 95% CI 4.26‐5.22). A positive nonlinear association between the number of IA behaviors and depressive symptoms was found in total population, girls, and primary school students (nonlinear P values were .02, .002, .007, respectively).

Conclusions
Findings suggested that excessive internet use time and IA behaviors were significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of interventions to regulate and educate about adequate internet use during childhood and adolescence.
A Blended Learning Course on the Diagnostics of Mental Disorders: Multicenter Cluster Randomized Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Bonnin Gabriel , Kröber Svea , Schneider Silvia , Margraf Jürgen , Pflug Verena , Gerlach Alexander L , Slotta Timo , Christiansen Hanna , Albrecht Björn , Chavanon Mira-Lynn , Hirschfeld Gerrit , In-Albon Tina , Thielsch Meinald T , von Brachel Ruth 
Published: September 2024

Background
Clinical diagnoses determine if and how therapists treat their patients. As misdiagnoses can have severe adverse effects, disseminating evidence-based diagnostic skills into clinical practice is highly important.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a blended learning course in a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial.

Methods
Undergraduate psychology students (N=350) enrolled in 18 university courses at 3 universities. The courses were randomly assigned to blended learning or traditional synchronous teaching. The primary outcome was the participants’ performances in a clinical diagnostic interview after the courses. The secondary outcomes were diagnostic knowledge and participants’ reactions to the courses. All outcomes were analyzed on the individual participant level using noninferiority testing.

Results
Compared with the synchronous course (74.6% pass rate), participation in the blended learning course (89% pass rate) increased the likelihood of successfully passing the behavioral test (odds ratio 2.77, 95% CI 1.55-5.13), indicating not only noninferiority but superiority of the blended learning course. Furthermore, superiority of the blended learning over the synchronous course could be found regarding diagnostic knowledge (β=.13, 95% CI 0.01-0.26), course clarity (β=.40, 95% CI 0.27-0.53), course structure (β=.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.32), and informativeness (β=.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.32).

Conclusions
Blended learning can help to improve the diagnostic skills and knowledge of (future) clinicians and thus make an important contribution to improving mental health care.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05294094; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05294094