bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of drugs of various groups on the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in comparison with their effect on lymphatic tissue drainage
Authors: Kukushkin G. V. , Sviridkina L. P. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The lymphatic system plays a key role in spreading pathogens, including those causing intraabdominal infections. An urgent task of pharmacology is to create methods for the targeted delivery of antibiotics to lymphatic vessels and intestinal tissues. One approach is to use agents acting as endolymphatic conductors to achieve a high drug concentration in the lymphatic system. Aim. To evaluate the effect of various drugs on the concentration of cefotaxime, a third-generation antibiotic, in blood and intestinal tissues, as well as on lymphatic drainage in experiments on mice. Materials and methods. We investigated the effect of hyaluronidase (HLRD), bovgialuronidase azoximer (BovGLRD+Az), terrilitin (TRL), papaya milky juice (PMJ ), sodium heparin (HepS ), aprotinin (APRT), azoximer bromide (AzBrom), furosemide (FRSD) and sodium deoxyribonucleate (DRN) on the removal time of lymphotropic dye from mouse mesentery and the cefotaxime concentration in blood plasma and intestinal tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. HLRD reduced the time of dye removal from the mesentery by 26.2%, BovGLRD+Az – by 33.5%, TRL – by 36%, PMS – by 23.1%, HepS – by 30.1%, APRT – by 34.6%. The differences in lymphostimulating activity between these drugs were not statistically significant. AzBrom and FRSD increased the dye removal time by 8.3% and 6%, respectively; the DRN had no effect. HLRD, BovGLRD, TRL, PMJ, HepS and APRT increased the CF concentration in blood and intestinal tissues 1.5 and 24 hours after injection, in contrast to the single injection of antibiotic. AzBrom increased the CF concentration only after 1.5 hours. FRSD increased the antibiotic concentration in intestinal tissues but not in blood plasma. The DRN did not affect the studied indicators. Conclusion. Lymphostimulating drugs HLRD, BovGLRD, TRL, PMJ, HepS and APRT effectively direct the antibiotic to the lymphatic system and can be used for lymphotropic therapy.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Sifat Optik Graphene Oxide dari Limbah Bulu Ayam dengan Metode Liquid Phase Exfoliation
Authors: Santika Rahma , Astuti Astuti , Usna Sri Rahayu Alfitri 
Published: October 2024

Limbah bulu ayam broiler berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatanÂ graphene oxideÂ (GO). GO merupakan material yang dapat diaplikasikan pada berbagai perangkat penyimpan energi, seperti superkapasitor dan baterai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan menganalisis sifat optik GO. Ada dua tahapan dalam pembuatan material GO. Tahap pertama adalah proses karbonisasi bulu ayam dengan variasi suhu 300 Â°C, 400 Â°C, dan 500 Â°C. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi difraksi sinar-x (XRD), suhu karbonisasi optimum untuk mendapatkan grafit bulu ayam adalah 400 Â°C. Grafit ini kemudian digunakan sebagai bahan utama untuk sintesis GO. Tahap kedua adalah sintesis GO menggunakan metodeÂ liquid phase exfoliationÂ (LPE) dengan memvariasikan volume surfaktanÂ linear alkylbenzene sulfonateÂ (LAS) yaitu 0,76 ml, 0,96 ml, dan 1,16 ml. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel GO memiliki ukuran kristal yang hampir sama sekitar 26,66 nm. Dari ketiga sampel, semakin tinggi volume surfaktan maka semakin kuat dan tajam puncak difraksi XRD yang dihasilkan. Peningkatan volume surfaktan menyebabkan penurunan nilai absorbansi sampel GO. Ikatan karbon dan oksigen telah muncul pada ketiga variasi volume surfaktan sehingga dapat disimpulkan sintesis material GO berhasil dilakukan.
SINTESIS BAHAN YSZ (YTTRIA STABILIZED ZIRCONIA, Y2O3-ZrO2) DENGAN METODE REAKSI PADATAN DAN KARAKTERISASINYA
Authors: Munggaran Galih Putra Drantou , Fitriyani Dian , Rivai Abu Khalid 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan sintesis bahan YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirkonia, ZrO2-Y2O3) dengan metode reaksi padatan (solid state reaction) yaitu melalui proses penggerusan. Proses pemaduan bahan YSZ dilakukan dengan mencampurkan serbuk yttria dan zirkonia yang digerus bersama-sama selama Â Â Â Â Â Â 5 jam dengan komposisi Y2O3Â dan ZrO2 (4,5:95,5 dan 8,0:92,0) %mol. Setelah itu serbuk paduan dikalsinasi pada temperatur 500Â°C selama 3 jam,Â kemudian dikompaksi pada tekanan 4000 psi dan sintering pada temperatur 1300Â°C selama 3 jam. Selanjutnya, sampel digerus dan dikalsinasi kembali pada temperatur 500Â°C selama 3 jam, dikompaksi pada tekanan ~14.600 psi dan sintering pada temperatur 1400Â°C selama 3 jam. Identifikasi fasa dari senyawa yang terbentuk, pengamatan morfologi dan konduktivitas ionik pada sampel hasil sintesis tersebut dilakukan berturut-turut dengan menggunakan XRDÂ spektroskop, SEM-EDS dan LCR meter. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa telah berhasil terbentuk YSZ pada bahan hasil sintesis untuk kedua komposisi YSZ. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan teridentifikasinya fasa kubik yang mendominasi pada bahan YSZ yang dihasilkan walaupun masih teridentifikasi sebagian kecil fasa monoklinik zirkonia. Lebih lanjut lagi, nilai konduktivitas ionik yang diperoleh cukup baik yangÂ menunjukkan bahan YSZ yang terbentuk. Nilai ini meningkat dengan bertambahnya temperatur dan komposisi yttria sesuai dengan karakteristik ionik pada padatan.Kata kunci: YSZ, yttria, zirkonia, sensor oksigen, solid oxide fuel cell, penggerusanAbstractThe synthesis of YSZ materials (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, ZrO2-Y2O3) have been done with solid state reaction method through the mixing process with grinding technique. The process of grinding was done by mixing yttria and zirconia powders and grinded for 5 hours with composition Y2O3 and ZrO2 (4.5:9.5 and 8.0:92.0) mol%. Afterward, the mixed powder was calcinated at temperature of 500Â°C for 3 hours, compaction at pressure of 4,000 psi and then sintered at temperature of 1,300Â°C Â for 3 hours.Furthermore, samples were grinded again, calcinated at temperature of 500 Â°C for 3 hours, compaction at Â pressure of ~14,600 psi and sintering at temperatures of 1400 Â° C for 3 hours. Identification of the phase transformation and crystals, microstructure, morphology and ionic conductivity were tested using XRDSpectroscope, SEM-EDS and LCR meter, respectively. The results show that YSZ was successfully formed for both samples. It was revealed by the identification of dominated cubic phase for both samples even view peaks of monoclic phase of zirconia was still found. Furthermore, the ion conductivity values was relatively good which show the formation of YSZ. The ionic conductivity values increas with increasing of temperature and composition of yttriain accordance with the characteristics of ionic in solids .Keywords: YSZ, Â yttria, oxygen sensor, solid oxide fuel cell, grinding
Optimasi Ukuran Teras Reaktor Cepat Berpendingin Gas dengan Uranium Alam sebagai Bahan Bakar
Authors: Andris Dora , Fitriyani Dian , Irka Feriska Handayani 
Published: October 2024

Optimasi ukuran teras reaktor cepat berpendingin gas dengan uranium alam sebagai bahan bakar telah dilakukan. Optimasi ukuran teras dilakukan untuk model teras silinder dua dimensi R-Z pada volume 8 m3, 14 m3 dan 20 m3. Setiap volume dibuat lima model ukuran teras dengan menvariasikan tinggi dan diameter teras. Diameter teras untuk setiap model ukuran teras dibagi menjadi 10 region. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan simulasi komputasi dengan program SRAC. Reaktor ini menggunakan strategi shuffling arah radial agar reaktor dapat beroperasi dengan bahan bakar uranium alam. Setelah 10 tahun periode burn up, bahan bakar di-shuffling secara radial dari region 1 ke region 2, region 2 ke region 3, begitu seterusnya sampai bahan bakar di region 9 di-shuffling ke region 10 sehingga bahan bakar region 10 dikeluarkan dari teras reaktor dan bahan bakar baru ditempatkan di region 1. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa untuk teras dengan volume 8 m3 dan 14 m3 diperoleh nilai keffÂ antara 0,95 sampai 1,05 (reaktor berada dalam keadaan kritis) dan untuk volume 20 m3 keff Ëƒ 1,05 (keadaan superkritis) dengan ayunan reaktivitas Â±0,05. Teras dengan model paling pipih pada volume 8 m3 merupakan model yang direkomendasikan untuk desain reaktor karena menghasilkan kinerja neutronik reaktor yang optimal dibandingkan model lain.Kata kunci: ukuran teras reaktor, uranium alam, SRAC, strategi shuffling
Analisis Densitas Nuklida Lead-Bismuth Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) Bedasarkan Variasi Daya Keluaran
Authors: Guskha Cici Rahmadya , Shafii Mohammad Ali , Irka Feriska Handayani , Suâ€™ud Zaki 
Published: October 2024

Analisis densitas nuklida Lead-bismuth Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) berdasarkan variasi daya keluaran telah dilakukan. Reaktor ini menggunakan UN-PuN sebagai bahan bakar dan timbal-bismuth sebagai pendingin. Parameter yang diamati adalah Inte.C.R (Integral Convertion Ratio) dan densitas nuklida (235U, 238U, 239Pu).Â Penelitian ini dilakukan secara simulasi komputasi menggunakan kode SRAC dengan JENDL-32 sebagai library. Model teras adalah cylinder dua dimensi R-Z dengan lima variasi daya keluaran yaitu 300, 350, 400, 450, dan 500 MWTh. Teras reaktor dibagi menjadi 11 region radial dan 2 region axial. Sepuluh region pertama merupakan region untuk menempatkan bahan bakar sedangkan region ke sebelas adalah reflektor. Pada awal operasi reaktor, masing-masing region diisi dengan bahan bakar uranium alam. Setelah 10 tahun pembakaran, hasil burn up pada region 1 di shuffling ke region 2, hasil burn up region 2 di shuffling ke region 3, dan seterusnya sampai hasil burn up region 9 di shuffling ke region 10 dan hasil burn up region 10 dikeluarkan dari teras reaktor sehingga region 1 dapat diisi dengan bahan bakar baru (fresh fuel). Proses ini dilakukan sampai 100 tahun operasi reaktor. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa daya 300 MWTh mempunyai nilai Inte.C.R dan densitas nuklida yang paling optimal (memiliki nilai yang paling besar dibandingkan dengan daya keluaran yang lain sehingga bisa digunakan dalam pengoperasian reaktor dalam jangka panjang).Kata kunci: burn up, densitas nuklida, LFR, shuffling, UN-PuN.
Analisis Hubungan Konduktivitas Listrik dengan Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) dan Temperatur pada Beberapa Jenis Air
Authors: Irwan Fadhilah , Afdal Afdal 
Published: October 2024

Telah dilakukanÂ penelitian untukÂ menentukanÂ hubungan konduktivitas listrik dengan Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) dan temperatur pada tiga jenis air yaitu air laut, sungai dan danau. Sampel air laut diambil di Pantai Padang, air sungai di Sungai Batang Arau dan air danau di Danau Diatas Alahan Panjang. Pada masing-masing lokasi, sampel diambil pada enam titik dengan jarak antar titik 500 m.Â Sampel air laut diambil pada tiga titik dekat objek wisata dan tiga titik dekat hutan tepi pantai. Sampel air sungai diambil masing-masing pada dua titik bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir sungai. Sampel air danau diambil mulai dari pusat lahan perikanan di tepi danau menuju tengah danau. Nilai TDS ditentukan dengan metode gravimetry dan konduktivitas listrik diukur dengan conductivity meter. Rata-rata nilai TDS pada air laut sebesar 23886,7 mg/l, air sungai sebesar 1873,3 mg/l dan air danau sebesar 546,7 mg/l. Rata-rata nilai konduktivitas listrik untuk air laut sebesar 177,9 ÂµS/cm, air sungai sebesar 139,1 ÂµS/cm dan air danau 80,6 ÂµS/cm. Hubungan TDS dengan konduktivitas listrik pada air laut tidak dapat dilihat karena nilai TDS sangat berosilasi dengan perubahan konduktivitas listrik. Hubungan TDS dengan konduktivitas listrik air sungai linier pada konduktivitas listrik yang kecil dan mulai tidak linier pada nilai konduktivitas listrik tinggi. Model terbaik hubungan antara TDS dan konduktivitas listrik pada air sungai dan air danau adalah model polinomial orde-2 dengan koefisien korelasi 0,9506 untuk air sungai dan 0,9896 untuk air danau .Kata kunci: gravimetry, konduktivitas listrik, temperatur, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)Â
Analisis Pengaruh Sudut Penyinaran terhadap Dosis Permukaan Fantom Berkas Radiasi Gamma Co-60 pada Pesawat Radioterapi
Authors: Diyona Fiqi , Milvita Dian , Herlinda Sri , Sandy Kri Yudi Pati 
Published: October 2024

Telah dilakukan pengukuran dan perhitungan pengaruh sudut penyinaran terhadap dosis radiasiÂ permukaan fantom dengan menggunakan thermoluminescence-dosemeter-100 (TLD-100). PenelitianÂ dilaksanakan di instalasi radioterapi salah satu rumah sakit di kota Padang menggunakan pesawat terapiÂ Co-60. Pengukuran menggunakan teknik SSD 80 cm dan luas lapangan 10 cm x 10 cm. Faktor kalibrasiÂ TLD-100 adalah 0,022 cGy/nC. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan sudut penyinaran dari 0Â°Â hingga 170Â°. Nilai dosis radiasi permukaan fantom berkisar antara 70,415 hingga 102,341 cGy. HasilÂ perhitungan menunjukkan sudut penyinaran memberikan pengaruh terhadap terimaan dosis radiasi padaÂ permukaan fantom, namun dosis radiasi pada permukaan yang diterima fantom tidak linear denganÂ kenaikan sudut penyinaran.Kata kunci: dosis radiasi permukaan, faktor kalibrasi, sudut penyinaran, TLD-100
Verifikasi Dosis Radiasi Kanker Menggunakan TLD-100 pada Pasien Kanker Payudara dengan Penyinaran Open System
Authors: Azizah Merli , Milvita Dian , Herlinda Sri , Sandy Kri Yudi Pati 
Published: October 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang verifikasi dosis radiasi kanker menggunakan ThermoluminesenceÂ Dosimeter-100 (TLD-100) pada pasien kanker payudara. Tujuan dilakukannya verifikasi adalah untukÂ mengetahui kesesuaian antara dosis radiasi yang diterima pasien dengan dosis radiasi yang direncanakan,Â sehingga tidak mengalami kekurangan atau kelebihan dosis radiasi. Verifikasi dilakukan pada lima orangÂ pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani radioterapi dengan penyinaran open system. Pengukuran dosisÂ radiasi menggunakan teknik Source to Surface Distance (SSD). Verifikasi diperoleh dengan menghitungÂ deviasi ketepatan perhitungan dan pengukuran dosis radiasi. Langkah-langkah sebelum melakukanÂ verifikasi dosis radiasi adalah mengkalibrasi TLD-100, mengukur dosis radiasi permukaan menggunakanÂ TLD-100 dan melakukan verifikasi dosis radiasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan deviasi ketepatan dosisÂ radiasi berkisar dari -0,12 sampai 13,17 %. Dengan demikian, dosis radiasi yang diterima oleh limaÂ orang pasien kanker payudara sudah tepat karena masih berada dalam rentang ketidakpastian alat ukur.Kata kunci: dosis radiasi, open system, radioterapi, TLD-100, verifikasi
Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Information Strategies for Adolescent Girls in African Cultural Communities in South Africa
Authors: Kaya Hassan 
Published: October 2024

The study used a mixed-methods research design to investigate appropriate information strategies for adolescent girls’ sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) in South Africa, with special reference to Barolong Boo Ratshidi people around Mahikeng, North-West Province. The socio-cultural factors examined included socio-cultural perceptions on adolescence, the adolescent girls’ appropriate knowledge and information spaces for SRH, and parental socio-cultural influence on adolescent utilisation of mainstream healthcare services. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods the study revealed rampant premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents, with exposure to several SRH risks; the link between socio-cultural factors and SRH was evidenced in society’s values, norms, and belief systems. Friends were the main confidantes for information on SRH. The findings imply that development and support for sexual and reproductive healthcare information strategies for adolescent girls in African cultural communities should take into account the influence of socio-cultural factors for effective access to appropriate SRH services. The recommendations included: developing appropriate programmes to enlighten parents, adolescents, and other community stakeholders; providing adolescents with accurate information on the dimensions of SRH, especially their interaction with socio-cultural factors; the need to harmonise SRH dimensions with socio-cultural factors in education, so that adolescents are not confused; empowering adolescent homes as primary socialisation agencies for positive SRH development among adolescents; developing comprehensive SRH strategies, involving medical, social, cultural, gendered and age-specific aspects.
SURFING AN ENGLISH CORPUS WITH OTHER LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Kurnia Nany Setyono 
Published: October 2024

The paper describes some experiences of surfing an English corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA for short) with other learners of English. The challenges expressed by other learners inform us of the problems other users may have that we may not be aware of. Several examples of word-form searches, lemma searches, or part-of speech (POS) searches in both word/phrase queries and collocate queries are shown and explained. We can also limit our word/lemma searches to certain parts-of-speech, although the part-of-speech tagging is not always accurate. On top of that, there are wild-card symbols that we can use in our queries.
The word/phrase query window in COCA enables us to search for just a word-form or a lemma, or a succession of word-forms, lemmas, and parts-of-speech as well as the wildcards, within limits. When we make a collocate query, we look for the co-occurrences of one item (a word, a lemma, a POS or a wildcard) that we put in the collocate window, and the item[s] we put in the word/phrase window. We also specify the distance of the ‘collocate’ and the word/phrase and the direction, to the right or to the left, or both to the right and left. Unless we change the default, it will search for the ‘collocate’ within the space of four words to the left and four words to the right of what we put in the word/phrase window.
Searching a corpus together can reveal the misperceptions and difficulties that some learners may have, which if properly handled, can lead us to valuable insight as we learn from each other. We learn from other learners, for instance, that some of them are not aware that even though the frequency result of a collocate query shows just a word or the word-forms of a lemma, it is actually capturing the co-occurrences of that one word or that lemma with the item in the word/phrase window that we can see in the concordance lines. It is therefore advisable to give a reminder to always check the concordance lines. By checking the concordance lines we can judge whether or not the co-occurrences are indeed a case of collocation or just co-occurrences within the specified distance where actually the so-called ‘collocate’ does not relate to the item in the word/phrase window. While scrutinizing the concordance lines we can also check whether certain expressions are used in the meanings we have in mind. Whereas the ability, speed and accuracy in making these judgments, as can be expected, vary among corpus users, it is worth noting that the lemma-word form concept, POS codes, even some POS themselves are still a challenge for some learners. Examining the concordance lines can also reveal how speakers use the same expression in various ways.
The paper ends with a discussion of the potential usefulness of the concordance lines as raw material that can be selected and edited to give learners additional exposure to what is obtained from other means of learning, hopefully leading to better language acquisition.
Intradural T12–L1 disc herniation in a patient with achondroplasia: A case report
Authors: Ordonez-Rubiano Edgar G. , Romo Jorge Alberto , Torres Juan , Troncoso Santiago José , Patiño Javier 
Published: October 2024

Background:
There are very few reports of intradural disc herniations associated with achondroplasia described in the literature.

Case Description:
A patient with achondroplasia presented with progressive paraparesis attributed to a magnetic resonance-documented intradural disc herniation at the T12–L1 level occupying more than 90% of the spinal canal. It was successfully removed through a T12 laminectomy with durotomy; note a laminectomy would have been contraindicated if this had been an extradural anterior/anterolateral disc. Postoperatively, the patient progressively improved and, within 6 months, had 4/5 proximal/distal function and full sphincter control.

Conclusion:
A patient with achondroplasia and an intradural T12/L1 disc herniation (i.e., unlike an extradural anterior/anterolateral thoracic disc) successfully underwent a decompressive laminectomy with near full resolution of their preoperative paraparesis.
Delayed cyst formation after radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformation: A case report and critical review
Authors: Gonçalves João Meira , Vilarinho António , Carvalho Vasco , Polónia Patrícia , Silva Pedro Alberto 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a validated treatment option for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), even if a greater knowledge of its potential delayed complications is still being acquired.

Case Description:
A 49-year-old man suffered multiple episodes of cerebral hemorrhage in an approximate 10-year follow-up interval in the context of a left central core AVM with deep venous drainage into the internal cerebral veins (Spetzler Martin Grade 4) despite being treated with gamma knife radiosurgery at two separate timepoints, and with an almost complete obliteration confirmed. Approximately 10 years after the first radiosurgery treatment, he developed severe motor aphasia, Grade 3 right hemiparesis, progressive confusion, and memory deficits. Cerebral imaging revealed cystic degeneration in the AVM’s periphery. Cyst fenestration and cystoperitoneal shunt were attempted. The treatments were temporarily effective, but a progressive cyst enlargement recurred with clinical deterioration. The patient was therefore proposed for surgical mass and cyst excision through an interhemispheric transcallosal approach. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed complete removal of the lesion, and an uneventful post-operative course ensued. At the 6-month follow-up, our patient experienced a noticeable improvement in his speech, power, dexterity and was able to walk autonomously.

Conclusion:
Cystic degeneration of AVMs is a possible long-term complication after SRS. Long-term follow-up and data on such patients remain crucial, even with evidence of complete nidal obliteration.