bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential bioavailability of sedimentary organic matter to heterotrophic bacteria
Authors: Mahmoudi Nagissa , Beaupré Steven R. , Steen Andrew D. , Pearson Ann 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAquatic sediments harbour diverse microbial communities that mediate organic matter degradation and influence biogeochemical cycles. The pool of bioavailable carbon continuously changes as a result of abiotic processes and microbial activity. It remains unclear how microbial communities respond to heterogeneous organic matrices and how this ultimately affects heterotrophic respiration. To explore the relationships between the degradation of mixed carbon substrates and microbial activity, we incubated batches of organic‐rich sediments in a novel bioreactor (IsoCaRB) that permitted continuous observations of CO2 production rates, as well as sequential sampling of isotopic signatures (δ13C, Δ14C), microbial community structure and diversity, and extracellular enzyme activity. Our results indicated that lower molecular weight (MW), labile, phytoplankton‐derived compounds were degraded first, followed by petroleum‐derived exogenous pollutants, and finally by higher MW polymeric plant material. This shift in utilization coincided with a community succession and increased extracellular enzyme activities. Thus, sequential utilization of different carbon pools induced changes at both the community and cellular level, shifting community composition, enzyme activity, respiration rates, and residual organic matter reactivity. Our results provide novel insight into the accessibility of sedimentary organic matter and demonstrate how bioavailability of natural organic substrates may affect the function and composition of heterotrophic bacterial populations.
Disparities in Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations: Near‐National Estimates for Hispanics
Authors: Feng Chen , Paasche‐Orlow Michael K. , Kressin Nancy R. , Rosen Jennifer E. , López Lenny , Kim Eun Ji , Lin Meng‐Yun , Hanchate Amresh D. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo obtain near‐national rates of potentially preventable hospitalization (PPH)—a marker of barriers to outpatient care access—for Hispanics; to examine their differences from other race‐ethnic groups and by Hispanic national origin; and to identify key mediating factors.Data Sources/Study SettingData from all‐payer inpatient discharge databases for 15 states accounting for 85 percent of Hispanics nationally.Study DesignCombining counts of inpatient discharges with census population for adults aged 18 and older, we estimated age‐sex‐adjusted PPH rates. We examined county‐level variation in race‐ethnic disparities in these rates to identify the mediating role of area‐level indicators of chronic condition prevalence, socioeconomic status (SES), health care access, acculturation, and provider availability.Principal FindingsAge‐sex‐adjusted PPH rates were 13 percent higher among Hispanics (1,375 per 100,000 adults) and 111 percent higher among blacks (2,578) compared to whites (1,221). Among Hispanics, these rates were relatively higher in areas with predominantly Puerto Rican and Cuban Americans than in areas with Hispanics of other nationalities. Small area variation in chronic condition prevalence and SES fully accounted for the higher rates among Hispanics, but only partially among blacks.ConclusionsHispanics and blacks face higher barriers to outpatient care access; the higher barriers among Hispanics (but not blacks) seem mediated by SES, lack of insurance, cost barriers, and limited provider availability.
The Promise of Andragogy and Experimental Learning to Improve Teaching of Nutrition Concepts to Culinary Arts Students
Authors: Abdulsalam N. , Condrasky M. , Bridges W. , Havice P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of traditional lecture (C), face‐to‐face demonstration (DP), on‐line lecture capture (OP), and the combination of the last two (OP+DP) to enhance culinary arts students' application skills related to sodium usage in food preparation. Objectives were to compare relative effectiveness of the four instructional methods with respect to knowledge about dietary sodium, ease of use of sodium reduction techniques, strategies to reduce sodium and attitudes about use of dietary sodium in cooking; and to compare student satisfaction with the instructional methods. A convenience sample of n = 139 students was randomized to receive the C, DP, OP, or OP+DP intervention. To measure effectiveness of each instructional method, a nutrition survey was administered as a pre‐test, post‐test, and an eight‐week follow‐up. There was no statistically significant difference in performance between DP, OP, and OP+DP groups on each subscale. However, each of these methods performed significantly better than the control group (C). DP, OP, and OP+DP methods were superior to the control group (C). In general, OP+DP resulted in the largest effect sizes, suggesting that this intervention was possibly more effective as compared to the OP or DP. Future culinarians can benefit from learning about health‐conscious sodium reduction cooking practices as seen in the nutrition education sector to improve population health.
Biogenic Amine Formation and Microbiological Quality of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) Treated with Lavender and Lemon Balm Ethanol Extracts
Authors: Özogul Fatih , Öztekin Rana , Kulawik Piotr 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBiogenic amine formation and bacterial growth of vacuum‐packed European anchovy treated with 1% lemon balm (LB) or lavender (LD) ethanol extracts was investigated. The treated samples were stored at 2 ± 1 °C for 11 d and analyzed for biogenic amines, total viable count, fecal coliform count, and lactic acid bacterial count. The analyses were done on 0, 4, 7, 9, and 11 d of storage. Both LB and LD extracts proved effective in reducing most biogenic amines, with histamine reduced by 3‐fold compared to control. The calculated biogenic amine index showed that LB extract was the most effective in inhibiting the biogenic amine formation. The reduction in total viable count was low and the bacterial contamination reached more than 7 log cfu/g at the end of the storage period for all the samples. Moreover, the reduction in fecal coliform and lactic acid bacterial count by LB and LD extracts was below 1 log cfu/g. Treatment of European anchovy with LB and LD extracts proved to be a very effective preservation technique to reduce the biogenic amine formation and lower the risk of histamine fish poisoning but is not effective in reduction of bacterial load. Consequently, LB and LD extracts could be used to reduce the biogenic amine formation which provides additional safety prior to spoilage for histamine sensitive fish species.
Increased serum interleukin‐32 levels in patients with Behçet's disease
Authors: Ha You‐Jung , Park Jin‐Su , Kang Mi‐il , Lee Soo‐Kon , Park Yong‐Beom , Lee Sang‐Won 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimInterleukin (IL)‐32 is known to act as a proinflammatory cytokine and is likely involved in several chronic inflammatory diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum IL‐32 levels are elevated in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) and to identify the correlation between IL‐32 levels and disease activity.MethodsWe enrolled 50 patients with BD and 35 healthy controls. Serum IL‐32 levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of IL‐12p70, IL‐17A, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 were measured using a multiplex assay. BD disease activity was determined using the Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF).ResultsSerum IL‐32 levels were significantly higher in patients with BD (median [interquartile ranges], 0.4 [0.1–736.2] pg/mL) than in healthy controls (0.1 [0.1–14.7] pg/mL, P = 0.041). When patients with BD were divided into active (patient index score ≥ 2 or transformed index score ≥ 5 in the BDCAF) and inactive groups, IL‐32 levels tended to be higher in patients with active BD, although this observation was statistically insignificant. Serum levels of IL‐12p70, IL‐17A, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 did not differ between active and inactive groups. There was a weak positive correlation between serum IL‐32 levels and BDCAF scores (R = 0.301, P = 0.033). BD patients with recent arthralgia exhibited higher IL‐32 levels than did those without (P < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings suggest that IL‐32 may play a minor role in the pathogenesis of BD.
Dental responsibility loadings and the relative value of dental services
Authors: Teusner DN , Ju X , Brennan DS 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate responsibility loadings for a comprehensive list of dental services, providing a standardized unit of clinical work effort.MethodsDentists (n = 2500) randomly sampled from the Australian Dental Association membership (2011) were randomly assigned to one of 25 panels. Panels were surveyed by questionnaires eliciting responsibility loadings for eight common dental services (core items) and approximately 12 other items unique to that questionnaire. In total, loadings were elicited for 299 items listed in the Australian Dental Schedule 9th Edition. Data were weighted to reflect the age and sex distribution of the workforce. To assess reliability, regression models assessed differences in core item loadings by panel assignment. Estimated loadings were described by reporting the median and mean.ResultsResponse rate was 37%. Panel composition did not vary by practitioner characteristics. Core item loadings did not vary by panel assignment. Oral surgery and endodontic service areas had the highest proportion (91%) of services with median loadings ≥1.5, followed by prosthodontics (78%), periodontics (76%), orthodontics (63%), restorative (62%) and diagnostic services (31%). Preventive services had median loadings ≤1.25.ConclusionDental responsibility loadings estimated by this study can be applied in the development of relative value scales.
Oral manifestations related to dengue fever: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Pedrosa MS , de Paiva MHP , Oliveira LGFL , Pereira SMS , da Silva CHV , Pompeu JGF 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe focus on oral manifestations of dengue fever (DF) is not common in the scientific literature and the patient affected can present signs and symptoms that may not be noticed by dental professionals. This systematic review article was conducted to identify and discuss the oral manifestations related to DF. The electronic databases PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Sciences (LILACS), Web of Science and Scopus were searched from November to December 2016 by two authors, simultaneously, using the search terms ‘dengue and oral manifestation’ combined. We included complete original articles, clinical trials and clinical case reports published in Portuguese, Spanish and English. No limits were applied to the year of publication. Review articles and those with no health outcomes were removed. A limited number of studies aimed to investigate the oral manifestations of DF (N = 25). However, several manifestations were identified in the oral cavity of patients diagnosed with DF such as acute gingival and palate bleeding, dryness of the mouth, taste changes, and erythematous plaque and vesicles on the tongue and palate. Osteonecrosis of jaw associated with DF was also reported. In conclusion, oral manifestations may represent a relevant contributory factor to identify DF disease among patients undergoing dental procedures in general practise.
Assessment of the immunogenicity of gonadotrophins during controlled ovarian stimulation
Authors: Morte Carles , Celma Carles , De Geyter Christian , Urbancsek Janos , Coroleu Lletget Buenaventura , Cometti Barbara 
Published: April 2017

ProblemGonadotrophin hormones are used for the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) as part of the in vitro fertilization techniques. Therapeutic proteins have the potential to induce an unwanted immune response.Method of studyThe presence of anti‐FSH, anti‐LH and anti‐hCG antibodies were determined in patients from two different clinical trials after the repeated administration of hMG or FSH.ResultsIn the first study, 27 subjects were screening for the presence of anti‐FSH antibodies. From the 27 patients, only one patient showed the presence of low levels of antibodies. In a second study, 25 patients were screened for the presence of anti‐FSH, anti‐LH and anti‐hCG antibodies. At the end of the study, no patients showed the presence of antibodies.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that repeated treatment cycles with FSH or hMG in patients undergoing COS for in vitro fertilization can be safely and effectively applied without concerns for immunogenicity.
Efficacy of treatment with pseudoephedrine in men with retrograde ejaculation
Authors: Shoshany O. , Abhyankar N. , Elyaguov J. , Niederberger C. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe use of pseudoephedrine, an alpha agonist, for the treatment of retrograde ejaculation is well‐known, however, there is no clear consensus from the literature regarding its efficacy and treatment protocol. We evaluated the efficacy of pseudoephedrine treatment in patients with retrograde ejaculation, utilizing a yet undescribed short‐period treatment protocol. Twenty men were medically treated with pseudoephedrine for retrograde ejaculation between January 2010 and May 2016 (12 with complete retrograde ejaculation and 8 with partial retrograde ejaculation). All patients had a semen analysis and post‐ejaculatory urinalysis before and after treatment. The treatment protocol consisted of 60 mg of pseudoephedrine every 6 h on the day before semen analysis and two more 60 mg doses on the day of the semen analysis. Diabetes was the most common etiology for complete retrograde ejaculation (60%), whereas an idiopathic cause was the most common etiology for partial retrograde ejaculation (82%). Of the 12 complete retrograde ejaculation patients treated with pseudoephedrine prior to semen analysis, 7 (58.3%) recovered spermatozoa in the antegrade ejaculate, with a mean total sperm count of 273.5 ± 172.5 million. Of the eight patients with partial retrograde ejaculation, five (62.5%) had a ≥50% increase in the antegrade total sperm count. In this group, the mean total sperm count increased from 26.9 ± 8.5 million before treatment to 84.2 ± 24.6 million after treatment, whereas the percentage of spermatozoa in the urine declined from 43.2 ± 9% to 17 ± 10%, respectively (both p < 0.05). Overall, in men with retrograde ejaculation treated with a pseudoephedrine regimen prior to ejaculation, some improvement in seminal parameters occurred in 14 (70%) patients, with 10 patients (38.5% of all patients) achieving antegrade total sperm counts over 39 million.
Cytoarchitecture of epithelial inflammatory infiltration indicates the aetiology of infectious keratitis
Authors: Smedowski Adrian , Tarnawska Dorota , Orski Michal , Wroblewska‐Czajka Ewa , Kaarniranta Kai , Aragona Pasquale , Wylegala Edward 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeTo analyse cytological features of corneal epithelium in infectious keratitis.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen patients (53 males and 65 females) diagnosed with acute stage of infectious keratitis (45 viral, 40 bacterial, 23 fungal, 10 Acanthamoeba keratitis) were included in study. We performed retrospective analysis of bright and blue‐light slit‐lamp photographs and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy scans of the corneal epithelium from five corneal regions (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal and central). Density, morphology of inflammatory cells and their relation to epithelial structures, as well as density of nerve fibres, were evaluated in relation to the keratitis aetiology.ResultsWe characterized five morphological types of inflammatory cells forming infiltration. Cell and nerve fibre densities showed significant differences between groups, and the most intense inflammatory infiltration was associated with fungal then bacterial, viral and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Additionally, differences in aetiology‐specific ratio of round/non‐round inflammatory cells were observed.ConclusionConfocal microscopy analysis in infectious keratitis of various aetiologies revealed quantitative and qualitative differences in inflammatory cell infiltration expressed in different ratio of round/non‐round inflammatory cells. In vivo microscopic analysis of both the corneal epithelial layer cytopathology and the cytology of inflammatory infiltration provides a fast and specific differentiation of keratitis aetiology that may increase the accuracy in the selection of the initial treatment.
CYP1A1m1 and CYP2C9*2 and *3 polymorphism and risk to develop ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity and its severity
Authors: Singh HariOm , Lata Sonam , Nema Vijay , Samani Dharmesh , Ghate Manisha , Gangakhedkar Raman R. 
Published: April 2017

Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes. Variations in the genes encoding these enzymes may influence the activity of corresponding metabolizing enzymes. This study aimed at assessing association of CYP2C9*2 430C/T, CYP2C9*31075A/C, and CYP1A1m1 3801T/C polymorphism with risk to develop ARV Antiretroviral‐associated hepatotoxicity and its severity. In this case–control study, genotyping of CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, and CYP1A1m1 genes was done in 34 HIV‐infected individuals with hepatotoxicity and 131 without hepatotoxicity, and 153 unrelated healthy individuals using PCR‐RFLP. CYP1A1m13801CC genotype was likely to be associated with severe ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.78, p = 0.70). CYP1A1m13801CC genotype and combined genotype TC + CC were likely to be associated with development of ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 2.57, p = 0.08; OR = 1.42, p = 0.17). CYP1A1m1 3801CC genotype among advanced and intermediate HIV disease stage was likely to be associated with advancement of disease (OR = 2.56, p = 0.77; OR = 2.37, p = 0.45). CYP2C9*31075AC genotype among alcohol users was likely to be associated with development of ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.67, p = 0.38). CYP1A1m1 3801TC genotype and combined genotype TC + CC among nevirapine users were likely to be associated with severe ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 3.68, p = 0.27; OR = 4.91, p = 0.13). Among those who received nevirapine, presence of CYP1A1m1 3801TC genotype was likely to be associated with increased risk of development of ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.50, p = 0.78). CYP1A1m1 3801TC, 3801CC, and CYP2C9*3 1075AC genotypes among combined alcohol + nevirapine users increased the risk of development of ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.41, p = 0.53; OR = 1.49, p = 0.83; OR = 1.78, p = 0.35). In conclusion, individuals with CYP1A1m13801CC and 3801TC genotypes independently and in the presence of alcohol and nevirapine usage is likely to be associated with increased risk of development of ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity, its severity, and advancement of disease. CYP2C9*31075AC genotype with combined alcohol and nevirapine usage indicated a risk for development of ARV‐associated hepatotoxicity.
Urban or rural areas: which types of surrounding land use induce stronger edge effects on the functional traits of tropical forests plants?
Authors: Guerra Tassiane N.F. , Araújo Elcida L. , Sampaio Everardo V.S.B. , Ferraz Elba M.N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractQuestionsWhich types of land use adjacent to Atlantic Tropical Forests induce the strongest edge effects in terms of the functional responses of arboreal and understorey plants? Which functional traits respond to stress imposed by each land‐use type in the two forest layers?LocationFull‐protection conservation areas in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil.MethodsWe calculated the proportions of species and individuals of woody plants in terms of their functional traits (seed size, maximum height, dispersal syndrome and regeneration strategy) along the edge and in the interior of tropical Atlantic Forest remnants exposed to different degrees of adjacent urbanization along their borders (urban, suburban and rural) by establishing 120 sampling points (60 plots considering the arboreal components and 60 subplots considering woody understorey plants).The degree of urbanization adjacent to the edges of the remnant forests were determined by mapping the sites based on satellite images. The intensities of the edge effects on functional composition, and the differences in the functional traits were assessed using multivariate analysis.ResultsFunctional composition along the edges and within the forest interiors of remnants with the highest densities of urban areas around them demonstrated the greatest variability of both the arboreal and understorey components. The arboreal component of the forest sites adjacent to rural areas (intense agricultural activities) tended to demonstrate intermediate intensity edge effects. Species showing shade intolerance, with smaller maximum heights, producing small seeds and with abiotic dispersion were present in high proportions in forests bordering heavily urbanized areas. Biotic dispersal predominated in the arboreal component of the rural remnant.ConclusionsFrom a functional point of view, the forest with the most highly urbanized border is more impacted by edge effects than forests bordering on suburban or rural areas. Nonetheless, in an urban–rural gradient, intense agricultural activity was observed to create intermediate pressure in terms of the intensities of its edge effects. These edge effects differentially impact the functional traits of the arboreal and understorey components, influencing different traits, depending on the type of border.
An unintentional pro‐Black bias in judgement among educators
Authors: Axt Jordan R. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPrevious work indicates widespread preference for White over Black people in attitudes and behaviour. However, there are instances where Black people receive preferential treatment over White people.AimsThis study aimed to investigate whether a sample of education professionals would favour Black or White applicants to an academic honour society, and the extent to which any biases were related to conscious intentions.SampleParticipants were education professionals (N = 618; 75.5% White) who completed an online study.MethodsParticipants completed a hypothetical admissions task where they evaluated more and less qualified applicants for an academic honour society, and applicants were either White or Black. Participants also completed measures of implicit and explicit racial attitudes.ResultsEducational professionals at all levels showed a pro‐Black bias in judgement, adopting a lower acceptance criterion for Black compared to White applicants, replicating previous work using online and undergraduate samples. The bias was present among participants reporting they did not want to be biased or believed they were unbiased, suggesting that bias arose without conscious awareness or intention. Bias was also weakly but reliably related to racial attitudes.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with the notion that educators automatically hold lower standards for Black versus White applicants. While education professionals likely have experience evaluating students from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, these professionals were, nevertheless, unable to eliminate the impact of race in their decision‐making.