bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Trends and Downstream Outcomes of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and Cardiac Stress Testing in Emergency Department Patients With Chest Pain: An Administrative Claims Analysis
Authors: Morris Jacob R. , Bellolio M. Fernanda , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Schilz Stephanie R. , Shah Nilay D. , Goyal Deepi G. , Bell Malcolm R. , Kopecky Stephen L. , Gilani Waqas I. , Hess Erik P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesCoronary computerized tomography angiography (CCTA) is a rapidly emerging technology for the evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department (ED). We assessed trends in CCTA use and compared downstream healthcare utilization between CCTA and cardiac stress testing modalities.MethodsUsing administrative claims data (Optum Labs Data Warehouse) from over 100 million geographically diverse privately insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees across the United States, we identified 2,047,799 ED patients from January 2006 to December 2013 who presented with chest pain and had a CCTA or cardiac stress test within 72 hours. Cohorts were established based on CCTA or functional stress testing (myocardial perfusion scintigraphy [MPS], stress echocardiogram [SE], or treadmill exercise electrocardiogram [TMET]) performed within 72 hours of the ED visit. We tracked subsequent invasive cardiac procedures (invasive coronary angiography [ICA], percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], and coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]), repeat noninvasive testing, return ED visits, hospitalization, and the rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 30 days. We used propensity‐score matching to adjust for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity index, and baseline differences between patients selected for CCTA or cardiac stress testing. Logistic regression was used to measure adjusted associations between testing modality and outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period, CCTA use increased from 0.8% to 4.5% of all cardiac testing within 72 hours, a change of 434% (p‐value for trend < 0.001), while rates of other cardiac stress testing modalities decreased (–22% for TMET [p < 0.001]; –11% for SE [p = 0.11]; –6% for MPS [p = 0.04]. After matching, there was no difference in the 30‐day rate of AMI between testing modalities. Compared to MPS, CCTA was associated with higher rates of PCI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.51), and CABG (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.13). Compared to SE and treadmill stress testing, CCTA was associated with more invasive procedures, hospitalizations, return ED visits, and repeat noninvasive testing.ConclusionsCCTA use increased fourfold during the study period and was associated with higher rates of PCI, CABG, repeat noninvasive testing, hospitalization, and return ED visits.The authors have no relevant financial information or potential conflicts to disclose.
Associations Between Gestational Age at Birth and Alcohol Use in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Do Elizabeth K. , Latendresse Shawn J. , Edwards Alexis C. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Dick Danielle M. , York Timothy P. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe relationship between gestational age at birth (GA) and alcohol use measures in early adulthood was examined in a large U.K. community‐based birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children).MethodsA series of linear and logistic regression models were used to test for main effects of a continuous measure of GA on a range of alcohol use measures, and moderation of these associations by sex. In addition, mediation analyses assessed the extent to which significant associations between GA and alcohol use operated indirectly, through influences of the parental environment and/or childhood measures of emotional and behavioral health (EBH).ResultsEarlier GA significantly predicted never drinking by age 18, but was not associated with other measures of alcohol use behavior among young adult drinkers (i.e., Self‐Rating of the Effects of Alcohol, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, or DSM‐IV‐TR Criteria for Alcohol Dependence). The association between earlier GA and never drinking by age 18 was moderated by sex, such that females born early were less likely to have ever had a drink by age 18. In the full sample, childhood measures of EBH were found to mediate the association between earlier GA and never drinking by age 18. This association was not mediated by parenting factors.ConclusionsEarlier GA is associated with never drinking alcohol in early adulthood, in females. Emotional and behavioral difficulties experienced in early childhood may mediate the relationship between earlier GA and never drinking by age 18.
Psoriasin (S100A7) promotes stress-induced angiogenesis
Authors: Vegfors J. , Ekman A.-K. , Stoll S.W. , Bivik Eding C. , Enerbäck C. 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Background
Vascular modifications occur early in the development of psoriasis, and angiogenesis is one of the key features in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Objectives
To identify the role of the S100 protein psoriasin in psoriasis-associated angiogenesis.

Methods
The role of psoriasin in mediating angiogenesis was investigated by silencing psoriasin with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and measuring psoriasis-associated angiogenic factors in human epidermal keratinocytes. The secretion of psoriasin and the effect of psoriasin on general regulators of angiogenesis in keratinocytes, and on endothelial cell migration, proliferation, tube formation and production of angiogenic mediators, was evaluated.

Results
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia induced the expression of psoriasin. Downregulation of psoriasin in keratinocytes using siRNA altered the ROS-induced expression of the psoriasis-associated angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 1 and thrombospondin 1. Overexpression of psoriasin altered several regulators of angiogenesis and led to the secretion of psoriasin. Treatment with extracellular psoriasin induced proliferation, migration and tube formation in dermal-derived endothelial cells to a similar extent as VEGF and interleukin-17, and induced the expression and release of proangiogenic mediators. These effects were suggested to be mediated by the PI3K and nuclear factor kappa B pathways.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that psoriasin expression is promoted by oxidative stress in keratinocytes and amplifies the ROS-induced expression of angiogenic factors relevant to psoriasis. Moreover, extracellularly secreted psoriasin may act on dermal endothelial cells to contribute to key features angiogenesis.
Exploring students’ acceptance of team messaging services: The roles of social presence and motivation
Authors: Huang Yong‐Ming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTeam messaging services represent a type of cloud computing applications that support not only the messaging among users but also the collaboration in a team. Accordingly, team messaging services have great potential to facilitate students’ collaboration. However, only few studies utilized such services to support students’ collaboration and further investigated the factors that influence students’ acceptance of these services. To remedy this deficiency, this research not only employed a team messaging service to support the subjects’ collaboration but also conducted a survey with a questionnaire designed for identifying the factors that influenced their intention to use the service. The research findings demonstrated that (1) social presence not only played an important role in influencing the subjects’ intention to use the service, but also significantly affected their motivation in using it; (2) the subjects’ intrinsic motivation played a more significant role than their extrinsic motivation did in influencing their attitude toward using and behavioral intention; (3) the subjects’ attitude toward using the service exerted no influence on their intention to use it. These findings suggested that, when students collaborate through a team messaging service, their awareness of others’ presence will significantly influence their motivation and intention to use the service.
Genetic variation in neuronal glutamate transport genes and associations with posttraumatic seizure
Authors: Ritter Anne C. , Kammerer Candace M. , Brooks Maria M. , Conley Yvette P. , Wagner Amy K. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectivePosttraumatic seizures (PTS) commonly occur following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Risk factors for PTS have been identified, but variability in who develops PTS remains. Excitotoxicity may influence epileptogenesis following sTBI. Glutamate transporters manage glutamate levels and excitatory neurotransmission, and they have been associated with both epilepsy and TBI. Therefore, we aimed to determine if genetic variation in neuronal glutamate transporter genes is associated with accelerated epileptogenesis and increased PTS risk after sTBI.MethodsIndividuals (N = 253) 18–75 years of age with sTBI were assessed for genetic relationships with PTS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within SLC1A1 and SLC1A6 were assayed. Kaplan‐Meier estimates and log‐rank statistics were used to compare seizure rates from injury to 3 years postinjury for SNPs by genotype. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression for SNPs significant in Kaplan‐Meier analyses adjusting for known PTS risk factors.ResultsThirty‐two tagging SNPs were examined (SLC1A1: n = 28, SLC1A6: n = 4). Forty‐nine subjects (19.37%) had PTS. Of these, 18 (36.7%) seized within 7 days, and 31 (63.3%) seized between 8 days and 3 years post‐TBI. With correction for multiple comparisons, genotypes at SNP rs10974620 (SLC1A1) were significantly associated with time to first seizure across the full 3‐year follow‐up (seizure rates: 77.1% minor allele homozygotes, 24.8% heterozygotes, 16.6% major allele homozygotes; p = 0.001). When seizure follow‐up began day 2 postinjury, genotypes at SNP rs7858819 (SLC1A1) were significantly associated with PTS risk (seizure rates: 52.7% minor allele homozygotes, 11.8% heterozygotes, 21.1% major allele homozygotes; p = 0.002). After adjusting for covariates, we found that rs10974620 remained significant (p = 0.017, minor allele versus major allele homozygotes HR 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–9.3). rs7858819 also remained significant in adjusted models (p = 0.023, minor allele versus major allele homozygotes HR 3.4, 95%CI 1.1–10.5).SignificanceVariations within SLC1A1 are associated with risk of epileptogenesis following sTBI. Future studies need to confirm findings, but variation within neuronal glutamate transporter genes may represent a possible pharmaceutical target for PTS prevention and treatment.
Magnetic resonance imaging of presumptive neonatal encephalopathy in a foal
Authors: Wong D. M. , Jeffery N. , Hepworth‐Warren K. L. , Wiechert S. A. , Miles K. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryA 10‐h‐old Thoroughbred foal presented with clinical signs consistent with neonatal encephalopathy including absent suckling behaviour, lack of affinity for the mare and seizures. The foal was provided supportive care and treated with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials and fed via naso‐oesophageal tube. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to investigate for structural changes that might be evident with equine neonatal encephalopathy. Notable findings on MRI included hyperintensity of the basal nuclei and superficial layers of the ventral cerebral hemispheres as well as the ventral thalamic nuclei and rostral aspect of the ventral midbrain. These imaging changes were consistent with the counterpart disease in infants and are the first to document MRI changes in a foal with neonatal encephalopathy. This report serves as an initial description of MRI findings associated with the presumed diagnosis of equine neonatal encephalopathy and also serves to solicit future diagnostic imaging studies that may help elucidate the pathophysiology and prognosis of equine neonatal encephalopathy.
Improved microstructure and properties of the gelatin film produced through prior cross‐linking induced by horseradish peroxidase, glucose oxidase and glucose
Authors: Han Yan‐Ping , Zhao Xin‐Huai 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe effects of prior enzymatic cross‐linking of bovine gelatin via horseradish peroxidase, glucose oxidase and glucose on microstructure and properties of the target film (cross‐linked gelatin film) were assessed. The cross‐linked gelatin film exhibited similar film thickness and moisture content, lower water solubility and higher opacity than the gelatin film directly prepared with bovine gelatin. The cross‐linked gelatin film also demonstrated improved thermal stability and mechanical properties, characterised by higher melting point and glass transition temperature, enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break and greater storage modulus. Prior gelatin cross‐linking resulted in 30.2% and 68.6% reductions in water vapour and CO2 permeability of the cross‐linked gelatin film, respectively, but did not affect oil permeability. Furthermore, the cross‐linked gelatin film possessed smaller cross‐sectional voids (diameter 100−360 nm vs. 200−595 nm) than the bovine gelatin film. This study shows that cross‐linking can efficiently improve film microstructure and properties of the gelatin‐like products.
Lipid rafts in immune signalling: current progress and future perspective
Authors: Varshney Pallavi , Yadav Vikas , Saini Neeru 
Published: May 2016

SummaryLipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of proteins and lipids that harbour many receptors and regulatory molecules and so act as a platform for signal transduction. They float freely within the liquid‐disordered bilayer of cellular membranes and can cluster to form larger ordered domains. Alterations in lipid rafts are commonly found to be associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases and recent reports have shown that the raft domains can also be perturbed by targeting raft proteins through microRNAs. Over the last few years, the importance of lipid rafts in modulating both innate and acquired immune responses has been elucidated. Various receptors present on immune cells like B cells, T cells, basophils and mast cells associate with lipid rafts on ligand binding and initiate signalling cascades leading to inflammation. Furthermore, disrupting lipid raft integrity alters lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine secretion, IgE signalling, and B‐cell and T‐cell activation. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent progress in understanding the role of lipid rafts in the modulation of immune signalling and its related therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders.
Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity in Serum of Dogs with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Bolton T.A. , Cook A. , Steiner J.M. , Fosgate G.T. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a relatively common endocrine disorder in dogs and is routinely associated with concurrent pancreatic injury.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of pancreatic injury in dogs withDKAbased on measurement of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum (PLI); compare demographic, clinicopathologic, and ultrasonographic findings in dogs with and without evidence of concurrent pancreatic injury; determine the impact of pancreatic injury on duration of hospitalization and short‐term outcome.AnimalsOne hundred and nineteen dogs with DKA with or without concurrent pancreatic injury.MethodsRetrospective study. Dogs withDKAwere divided into three groups on the basis ofPLIresults: positive for pancreatic injury (PLIpos), negative for pancreatic injury (PLIneg), and not tested (PLIna). Demographics, clinicopathologic test results, findings on abdominal ultrasonography (AUS), duration of hospitalization, and short‐term outcome were compared between the three groups.ResultsBased on serumPLIactivity, 45 dogs (73%) withDKAhad evidence of concurrent pancreatic injury. Median total carbon dioxide was significantly lower in thePLIposdogs compared to thePLInegdogs. There was fair agreement (κ= 0.26) between serumPLIactivity andAUS. Evidence of pancreatic injury was not associated with significantly longer periods of hospitalization (PLIposmedian 6 days, range 4–7 days,PLInegmedian 4 days, range 3–6 days) and did not influence short‐term outcome (PLIposfailure to survive to discharge 11/45, 24%,PLInegfailure to survive to discharge 2/17, 12%).Clinical ImportanceConcurrent pancreatic injury is common in dogs withDKA, but did not affect prognosis in this population of dogs.
The Effects of Cyclosporine and Aspirin on Platelet Function in Normal Dogs
Authors: Thomason J. , Archer T. , Wills R. , Press S. , Mackin A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCyclosporine increases thromboxane synthesis in dogs, potentially increasing the thrombogenic properties of platelets.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur hypothesis was that the concurrent administration of low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine would inhibit cyclosporine‐associated thromboxane synthesis without altering the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. The objective was to determine the effects of cyclosporine and aspirin on primary hemostasis.AnimalsSeven healthy dogs.MethodsA randomized, crossover study utilized turbidimetric aggregometry and a platelet function analyzer to evaluate platelet function during the administration of low‐dose aspirin (1 mg/kg PO q24h), high‐dose aspirin (10 mg/kg PO q12h), cyclosporine (10 mg/kg PO q12h), and combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine. The urine 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane‐B2 (11‐dTXB2)‐to‐creatinine ratio also was determined.ResultsOn days 3 and 7 of administration, there was no difference in the aggregometry amplitude or the platelet function analyzer closure time between the low‐dose aspirin group and the combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine group. On day 7, there was a significant difference in amplitude and closure time between the cyclosporine group and the combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine group. High‐dose aspirin consistently inhibited platelet function. On both days, there was a significant difference in the urinary 11‐dTXB2‐to‐creatinine ratio between the cyclosporine group and the combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine group. There was no difference in the urinary 11‐dTXB2‐to‐creatinine ratio among the low‐dose aspirin, high‐dose aspirin, and combined low‐dose aspirin and cyclosporine groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLow‐dose aspirin inhibits cyclosporine‐induced thromboxane synthesis, and concurrent use of these medications does not alter the antiplatelet effects of aspirin.
Dynamic metabolic and transcriptomic profiling of methyl jasmonate‐treated hairy roots reveals synthetic characters and regulators of lignan biosynthesis in Isatis indigotica Fort
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Junfeng , Zhou Xun , Chen Xiaofei , Li Qing , Tan Hexin , Dong Xin , Xiao Ying , Chen Langdong , Chen Wansheng 
Published: May 2016

SummaryA molecular description of lignan biosynthesis in Isatis indigotica displaying its synthetic characteristics and regulatory mechanism is of great importance for the improvement of the production of this class of active compounds. To discover the potential key catalytic steps and regulatory genes, I. indigotica hairy roots elicited by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were used as a source of systematic variation for exploring the metabolic/transcriptional changes and candidate genes that might play key roles in lignan biosynthesis. The reprogramming modulated by MeJA was classified into three distinct phases, referred to as signal responding, transcriptional activation of metabolic pathways and accumulation of metabolites. Candidate genes were pooled according to the three phases and applied to co‐expression network analysis. In total, 17 genes were identified as hub genes. 4CL3 was selected to validate its impact on lignan biosynthesis. RNAi of 4CL3 resulted in a significant reduction in lignan production. Taken together with its catalytic property, a major route of lignan biosynthesis in I. indigotica was highlighted, which was catalysed by 4CL3 via the esterization of caffeic acid. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into lignan biosynthesis as well as potential targets for metabolic engineering in I. indigotica.
Computational identification of genes modulating stem height–diameter allometry
Authors: Jiang Libo , Ye Meixia , Zhu Sheng , Zhai Yi , Xu Meng , Huang Minren , Wu Rongling 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe developmental variation in stem height with respect to stem diameter is related to a broad range of ecological and evolutionary phenomena in trees, but the underlying genetic basis of this variation remains elusive. We implement a dynamic statistical model, functional mapping, to formulate a general procedure for the computational identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control stem height–diameter allometry during development. Functional mapping integrates the biological principles underlying trait formation and development into the association analysis of DNA genotype and endpoint phenotype, thus providing an incentive for understanding the mechanistic interplay between genes and development. Built on the basic tenet of functional mapping, we explore two core ecological scenarios of how stem height and stem diameter covary in response to environmental stimuli: (i) trees pioneer sunlit space by allocating more growth to stem height than diameter and (ii) trees maintain their competitive advantage through an inverse pattern. The model is equipped to characterize ‘pioneering’ QTLs (piQTLs) and ‘maintaining’ QTLs (miQTLs) which modulate these two ecological scenarios, respectively. In a practical application to a mapping population of full‐sib hybrids derived from two Populus species, the model has well proven its versatility by identifying several piQTLs that promote height growth at a cost of diameter growth and several miQTLs that benefit radial growth at a cost of height growth. Judicious application of functional mapping may lead to improved strategies for studying the genetic control of the formation mechanisms underlying trade‐offs among quantities of assimilates allocated to different growth parts.