bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS): factor structure, wording effect and psychometric qualities of known problematic items
Authors: Lheureux Florent , Truchot Didier , Borteyrou Xavier , Rascle Nicole 
Published: July 2017

Cet article concerne la mesure de l’épuisement professionnel chez les professions à caractère relationnel par le biais de l’échelle la plus fréquemment utilisée : le Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Il traite tout d’abord de sa structure factorielle (test du modèle en trois facteurs corrélés) et de la pertinence de l’inclusion ou non-inclusion de d’accomplissement personnel (réduit) dans la définition théorique de ce syndrome ainsi que dans sa mesure. En lien avec ces deux questions, sont également examinées la possibilité d’un « effet de formulation » dans les réponses obtenues (i.e., biais de mesure induit par l’usage d’items connotés négativement pour deux dimensions et par l’usage d’items connotés positivement pour la troisième), ainsi que la suppression éventuelle d’items posant régulièrement question dans la littérature. Un grand échantillon (N = 2357) de professionnels de santé français (médecins, infirmiers, aides-soignants notamment) a répondu à la version française du MBI-HSS. Un sous-échantillon (n = 1824) a également répondu au General Health Questionnaire en 12 items (GHQ-12), échelle permettant le dépistage préliminaire de troubles mineurs de l’état de santé psychologique. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire a été d’abord utilisée (méthode d’extraction des axes principaux et rotation de type oblimin direct), suivie du test de quatre modèles théoriques en analyse factorielle confirmatoire sur des versions complète (22 items) et abrégées (19, 18 ou 17 items) de l’échelle. Une procédure de validation croisée a été utilisée pour évaluer l’invariance de ces modèles sur deux sous-échantillons aléatoirement constitués. Le GHQ-12 a été utilisé afin de tester la validité nomologique des trois sous-échelles de l’outil. Les résultats confirment la structure tri-factorielle, mais remettent en question l’inclusion de l’accomplissement personnel dans la conceptualisation et la mesure de l’épuisement professionnel. Cependant, cette conclusion est mitigée par la présence avérée d’un « effet de formulation » (l’ajout d’un facteur latent associé à tous les items négatifs améliore l’ajustement aux données). Celui-ci nuit dès lors à la mise en évidence des « vraies » relations entre construits (biais dans le test du modèle tri-factoriel théorique). De ce fait, le développement d’une nouvelle version du MBI-HSS utilisant des échelles bipolaires est recommandé, option méthodologique pouvant permettre de lever cette ambiguïté. Enfin, ces analyses indiquent que la suppression de deux à cinq items est requise pour optimiser l’outil, une version en 17 items apparaît en tous les cas plus adaptée dans un contexte français (suppression des items 6, 12, 13, 16 et 22).
Policy options for a socially balanced climate policy
Authors: Schwerhoff Gregor , Nguyen Thang Dao , Edenhofer Ottmar , Grimalda Gianluca , Jakob Michael , Klenert David , Siegmeier Jan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Climate policies, including removing fossil fuel subsidies or imposing carbon prices, can be designed in a way that is both efficient in addressing climate change and results in a fair distribution of the associated costs.
Differences between 1999 and 2010 across the Falkland Plateau: fronts and water masses
Authors: Pérez-Hernández M. Dolores , Hernández-Guerra Alonso , Comas-Rodríguez Isis , Benítez-Barrios Verónica M. , Fraile-Nuez Eugenio , Pelegrí Josep L. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Decadal differences in the Falkland Plateau are studied from the two full-depth hydrographic data collected during the ALBATROSS (April 1999) and MOC-Austral (February 2010) cruises. Differences in the upper 100 dbar are due to changes in the seasonal thermocline, as the ALBATROSS cruise took place in the austral fall and the MOC-Austral cruise in summer. The intermediate water masses seem to be very sensitive to the wind conditions existing in their formation area, showing cooling and freshening for the decade as a consequence of a higher Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) contribution and of a decrease in the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) stratum. The deeper layers do not exhibit any significant change in the water mass properties. The Subantarctic Front (SAF) in 1999 is observed at 52.2–54.8° W with a relative mass transport of 32.6 Sv. In contrast, the SAF gets wider in 2010, stretching from 51.1 to 57.2° W (the Falkland Islands), and weakening to 17.9 Sv. Changes in the SAF can be linked with the westerly winds and mainly affect the northward flow of Subantarctic Surface Water (SASW), SAMW and AAIW/Antarctic Surface Water (AASW). The Polar Front (PF) carries 24.9 Sv in 1999 (49.8–44.4° W), while in 2010 (49.9–49.2° W) it narrows and strengthens to 37.3 Sv.
Renal Function Replacement by Hemodialysis: Forty-Year Anniversary and a Glimpse into the Future at Hand
Authors: Catapano Gerardo , Buscaroli Andrea 
Published: July 2017

From its introduction in 1943 and until the late 1970s, hemodialysis (HD) has been a lengthy and cumbersome treatment administered by a few skilled physicians and technicians to a very limited number of terminal kidney patients. The technological innovations introduced over the years made HD a treatment administered and supervised by nursing personnel to a very large numbers of kidney patients, hopefully until recovery of kidney functions or kidney transplantation. In 2013, it is estimated that 2.250.00 kidney patients were treated worldwide, and their number is steadily increasing. Shortage of transplant kidneys and quality of current treatments has contributed to increasing the survival of HD patients. Today, it is not unusual to find patients who have been on HD for longer than twenty years. All this generated the feeling that performance of membranes and dialysis technology has reached its limit. Recently, the increasing economic burden of healthcare caused by people ageing and the increasing incidence of degenerative diseases (e.g. diabetes and cardiovascular diseases), and the economic crisis has pushed many governments and health insurances to cut resources for healthcare. The main consequence is that investments in research and development in HD have been significantly reduced. The question is whether there is indeed no need for innovation in HD. In this paper, it is discussed how the paradigm of HD has changed and what possibly are now the drivers for innovation in HD. A few ideas are proposed that could be developed by adapting existing technologies to the future needs of HD.
ChAFTA, Trade, and Food Safety
Authors: Chen Ying 
Published: July 2017

ChAFTA, Trade, and Food Safety: When the Rubber Hits the Road
Over the past decade, food safety has evolved into a compelling issue in China. The Chinese government has been committed to strengthening the regulatory framework. A series of laws and regulations ensuring the quality and safety of food in the interests of public health have been promulgated. However, a fairly comprehensive set of laws, along with harsh punishments, does not substantially deter food safety violations. Rather, foodborne illnesses continue to occur on a daily basis. How to improve food safety has become China’s national priority; it is also the main focus of this research. This article determines that one of the main obstacles to food safety is poor implementation of laws. It identifies the external and internal impediments to food safety governance in China. It further proposes an evolving series of potential solutions. Externally, weak enforcement undermines the credibility of the food safety laws. Internally, food manufacturers and distributors in China lack the sense of corporate social responsibility (CSR). To effectively reduce or even remove the external impediment, it is imperative to improve the overall governance in various sectors. As for the internal impediment, incorporating CSR principles into business operations is vital for food safety governance. In fact, the enforcement of many regional trade agreements, in particular, the enforcement of China–Australia FTA (ChAFTA) will largely increase market share of Australian food products in China. Undoubtedly, Chinese food businesses will face unprecedented competition. The pressure to gain competitive advantages in food markets yields an enormous change in motivation for Chinese food businesses. Chinese food companies will ultimately be forced to ‘voluntarily’ integrate CSR principles into their business operations. A significant change in the food sector is expected to be seen within the next decade. The article concludes that better practice in food safety governance in China requires two essential elements: a comprehensive regulatory and cooperative framework with essential rules and institutions, and an effective implementation mechanism involving both the public and private sectors.
Onderzoeksnotitie: Recidive na een korte of langere periode in detentie
Authors: Wermink Hilde , Ramakers Anke , Nieuwbeerta Paul , de Keijser Jan , Dirkzwager Anja 
Published: July 2017

Recidivism after short or longer imprisonment
This paper examines the relationship between imprisonment length and registered recidivism. The data come from a unique longitudinal and nationwide study of Dutch male prisoners, serving an average of 4.1 months of confinement (N=1,467). Ideally an experimental design would be appropriate to examine the influence of different sentence lengths on recidivism. In order to approximate such a design using observational data, we adopt a propensity score methodology to control for selection bias in the dose-response relationship. Using a six-month follow-up, we do not find significant differences in post-release recidivism between men who spent shorter or longer periods of time in confinement. We discuss the pros and cons of the methodology applied as well as potential implications of the findings.
Quasi-experimentele criminologische effectstudies met propensity score matching
Authors: Elffers Henk 
Published: July 2017

Evaluating quasi-experimental criminological effect evaluation studies using propensity score matching
Valid interpretation of quasi-experimental effect evaluation studies using propensity score matching is in need of a more detailed coverage of non-matched cases in both experimental and comparison group. The argument is illustrated using a number of recent Dutch criminological studies.
Het effect van de politierespons in een specifieke zaak op de bereidheid tot medewerking onder slachtoffers van criminaliteit
Authors: Koster Nathalie , Bal Michèlle , van der Leun Joanne , Kunst Maarten 
Published: July 2017

The effect of the police response in a specific case on crime victims’ willingness to cooperate. An experimental vignette study
The current vignette experiment among 414 students in the Netherlands explores the effect of the police response on willingness to cooperate and examines whether this relationship is mediated by perceptions of the legitimacy of the police. This is done based on Tyler’s procedural justice theory and previous research among crime victims. The police response in the vignette was manipulated in two ways: the police offered a fair/unfair treatment and had/had not performed investigative actions. There was no police contact in a control group. The results suggest a positive effect of the police response on willingness to cooperate and imply that this relationship is mediated by perceived trust in the police.
Gruwelijke beelden van plaatsen delict: kijkstrategieën, opgewekte emoties en oordeelsvorming
Authors: van Dillen Lotte , Vanderveen Gabry 
Published: July 2017

Gruesome crime scenes: eye gaze strategies, emotions and judgments
Eyetracking enabled the authors to study eye movements of 23 participants who looked at crime scene photographs. The authors measured the emotions elicited by the photographs, as well as perceptions of seriousness and the sentence that participants would give the perpetrator of the crime. Also, individual differences in disgust sensitivity were taken into account. Results show a positive relationship between disgust sensitivity and both the proportion of fixations as well as the number of fixations on gruesome aspects of the photos (the blood and the wound), emotion ratings of the photographs, perceptions of seriousness, and the sentence given. Implications, limitations, and future directions of the research are discussed.
Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes significantly improved toxicity data collection and were acceptable to both patients and clinicians in lung cancer radiotherapy outpatient clinics.
Authors: Shears Annalie , Barker-Hewitt Matthew , Bayman Neil , Harris Margaret , Haslett Kate , Kennedy Jason , Lee Lip , Wilson Ben , Taylor Paul , Faivre Corinne 
Published: July 2017

Rationale: Toxicity after radiotherapy for lung cancer can be considerable and yet varies significantly between patients. In the future, it is hoped rapid learning techniques will be used to create decision support systems that can determine individual patients’ outcomes and so help guide treatment choices accordingly. However, such research relies on the robust collection of prospective toxicity data. Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes (e-PROs) tools are an effective way of improving the quality and quantity of clinical data collection, yet there are currently none in routine use in UK lung cancer patients. Methods: An e-PRO tool was designed to evaluate toxicity after lung cancer radiotherapy in outpatients at the Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK. Patients completed the e-PRO form on a tablet computer prior to consultation and both patients and clinicians completed feedback forms. e-PRO data was uploaded in real time to the electronic patient record. Subsequently, we evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the use of the e-PRO tool and compared the completeness of toxicity recording with and without e-PROs. Results: Eighty-seven patients completed e-PRO forms with 74 providing feedback. One hundred percent of patients were happy to complete e-PRO forms, 78.2% found the tablet easy to use and 71.5% felt that filling out e-PROs stimulated them to think of issues to discuss with the doctor. Sixty-eight feedback forms were returned by clinicians. One hundred percent used the PRO form and found it helpful, with 79.5% agreeing that it altered their consultation. The records of 38 patients who completed the e-PRO form were evaluated, this was a significant (p=0.0005) difference in toxicity recorded with and without the e-PRO form. Conclusion: e-PROs are acceptable to patients and clinicians and improve the quality and quantity of clinical data collection. Future larger studies will need to validate these findings and assess the impact e-PROs have on decision-making and outcomes.
Tomorrow’s doctors and dentists in Malaysia: empathic or indifferent?
Authors: Babar Muneer Gohar Gohar , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Lim Lee Ping , Lim Phei June , Nik Mohd Rosdy Nik Mohd Mazuan , Binti Ahmad Siti Fauzza 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: This study compared the empathic behaviour of first year to final year dental and medical students in Malaysia and explored whether academic training of dental and medical students increases their subjective empathic tendencies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1020 first year to final year (fifth-year) undergraduate medical and dental students using a validated, self-administered Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Care Provider Student Version (JSE-HPS) questionnaire. The data were collected from first year to final year (fifth-year) students enrolled in Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree programs at 2 government-funded universities and one private university. Results: Dental students had a significantly higher total mean empathy score than medical students (84.11 versus 81.96, p < 0.05). However, medical students had a narrow actual score range (59.35 - 133.35) than dental (22.05 - 133.35) students. Males (Medical: 82.57, Dental: 84.97) and students of Malay origin (Medical: 82.52, Dental: 85.11) were more empathic than females and students of other ethnic origins. The results also indicate that third-year medical students (mean: 82.95) and fourth-year dental students (mean: 86.36) were more empathic than students in other professional years.Conclusions: We recommend the use of some form of active training and assessment to assist in the development of empathy in medical and dental students. Medical and dental schools should place more emphasis on teaching empathic communication.
Clinical and public health implications of acute and early HIV detection and treatment: a scoping review
Authors: Rutstein Sarah E. , Ananworanich Jintanat , Fidler Sarah , Johnson Cheryl , Sanders Eduard J. , Sued Omar , Saez‐Cirion Asier , Pilcher Christopher D. , Fraser Christophe , Cohen Myron S. , Vitoria Marco , Doherty Meg , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroduction: The unchanged global HIV incidence may be related to ignoring acute HIV infection (AHI). This scoping review examines diagnostic, clinical, and public health implications of identifying and treating persons with AHI.Methods: We searched PubMed, in addition to hand‐review of key journals identifying research pertaining to AHI detection and treatment. We focused on the relative contribution of AHI to transmission and the diagnostic, clinical, and public health implications. We prioritized research from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) published in the last fifteen years.Results and Discussion: Extensive AHI research and limited routine AHI detection and treatment have begun in LMIC. Diagnostic challenges include ease‐of‐use, suitability for application and distribution in LMIC, and throughput for high‐volume testing. Risk score algorithms have been used in LMIC to screen for AHI among individuals with behavioural and clinical characteristics more often associated with AHI. However, algorithms have not been implemented outside research settings. From a clinical perspective, there are substantial immunological and virological benefits to identifying and treating persons with AHI – evading the irreversible damage to host immune systems and seeding of viral reservoirs that occurs during untreated acute infection. The therapeutic benefits require rapid initiation of antiretrovirals, a logistical challenge in the absence of point‐of‐care testing. From a public health perspective, AHI diagnosis and treatment is critical to: decrease transmission via viral load reduction and behavioural interventions; improve pre‐exposure prophylaxis outcomes by avoiding treatment initiation for HIV‐seronegative persons with AHI; and, enhance partner services via notification for persons recently exposed or likely transmitting.Conclusions: There are undeniable clinical and public health benefits to AHI detection and treatment, but also substantial diagnostic and logistical barriers to implementation and scale‐up. Effective early ART initiation may be critical for HIV eradication efforts, but widespread use in LMIC requires simple and accurate diagnostic tools. Implementation research is critical to facilitate sustainable integration of AHI detection and treatment into existing health systems and will be essential for prospective evaluation of testing algorithms, point‐of‐care diagnostics, and efficacious and effective first‐line regimens.
Experimental insights into pyroclast‐ice heat transfer in water‐drained, low‐pressure cavities during subglacial explosive eruptions
Authors: Woodcock D. C. , Lane S. J. , Gilbert J. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSubglacial explosive volcanism generates hazards that result from magma‐ice interaction, including large flow rate meltwater flooding and fine‐grained volcanic ash. We consider eruptions where subglacial cavities produced by ice melt during eruption establish a connection to the atmosphere along the base of the ice sheet that allows accumulated meltwater to drain. The resulting reduction of pressure initiates or enhances explosive phreatomagmatic volcanism within a steam‐filled cavity with pyroclast impingement on the cavity roof. Heat transfer rates to melt ice in such a system have not, to our knowledge, been assessed previously. To study this system, we take an experimental approach to gain insight into the heat transfer processes and to quantify ice melt rates. We present the results of a series of analogue laboratory experiments in which a jet of steam, air, and sand at approximately 300°C impinged on the underside of an ice block. A key finding was that as the steam to sand ratio was increased, behavior ranged from predominantly horizontal ice melting to predominantly vertical melting by a mobile slurry of sand and water. For the steam to sand ratio that matches typical steam to pyroclast ratios during subglacial phreatomagmatic eruptions at ~300°C, we observed predominantly vertical melting with upward ice melt rates of 1.5 mm s−1, which we argue is similar to that within the volcanic system. This makes pyroclast‐ice heat transfer an important contributing ice melt mechanism under drained, low‐pressure conditions that may precede subaerial explosive volcanism on sloping flanks of glaciated volcanoes.
Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's outer radiation belt: Analysis of INTEGRAL IREM data
Authors: Meredith Nigel P. , Horne Richard B. , Sandberg Ingmar , Papadimitriou Constantinos , Evans Hugh D. R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRelativistic electrons (E > 500 keV) cause internal charging and are an important space weather hazard. To assess the vulnerability of the satellite fleet to these so‐called “killer” electrons, it is essential to estimate reasonable worst cases, and, in particular, to estimate the flux levels that may be reached once in 10 and once in 100 years. In this study we perform an extreme value analysis of the relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's outer radiation belt as a function of energy and L∗. We use data from the Radiation Environment Monitor (IREM) on board the International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory (INTEGRAL) spacecraft from 17 October 2002 to 31 December 2016. The 1 in 10 year flux at L∗=4.5, representative of equatorial medium Earth orbit, decreases with increasing energy ranging from 1.36 × 107 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 0.69 MeV to 5.34 × 105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 2.05 MeV. The 1 in 100 year flux at L∗=4.5 is generally a factor of 1.1 to 1.2 larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year flux. The 1 in 10 year flux at L∗=6.0, representative of geosynchronous orbit, decreases with increasing energy ranging from 4.35 × 106 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 0.69 MeV to 1.16 × 105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 2.05 MeV. The 1 in 100 year flux at L∗=6.0 is generally a factor of 1.1 to 1.4 larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year flux. The ratio of the 1 in 10 year flux at L∗=4.5 to that at L∗=6.0 increases with increasing energy ranging from 3.1 at E = 0.69 MeV to 4.6 at E = 2.05 MeV.
A
bbott:
In the Belly of the Beast
Authors: Luxenburg Joan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

In the Belly of the Beast
is Jack Henry Abbott's first‐hand account of his life as an inmate in state and federal prisons in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Abbott details the hardships of prison life, particularly the brutality and psychological abuse by prison guards toward inmates. Abbott depicts prisons as violent settings in which torture is inflicted in the name of disciplinary action, psychotropic drugs are administered for the purpose of controlling prisoners, and solitary confinement amounts to sensory deprivation and the temporary loss of one's sanity.