bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early life cognitive function and health behaviours in late childhood: testing the neuroselection hypothesis
Authors: Aggio Daniel , Smith Lee , Hamer Mark 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundHigher cognitive function in childhood is associated with healthier behaviours and a reduced risk of chronic disease in adulthood, but it is unclear whether this selection of healthier behaviours occurs in childhood or later in life. The present study investigated how cognitive function at age 3–7 years was associated with health behaviours at age 11.MethodsVerbal, non-verbal and spatial abilities were assessed using the British Ability Scales at ages 3–7. At age 11, children reported how often they engaged in sport/physical activity, sedentary behaviours (eg, reading and games console usage), cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds of engaging in health behaviours at age 11 according to early life cognition.ResultsA 1 SD increase in early childhood verbal ability was associated with reduced odds of attempting smoking in boys and girls (OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.84)) and reduced odds of computer gaming in girls (OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.86)) by age 11. Early childhood verbal ability was also associated with reduced odds of regular participation in sport/active games (boys: OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.99); girls: OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.88)) and increased odds of reading for enjoyment (boys: OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.60); girls: OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.62)) at age 11. Early childhood non-verbal ability was associated with reduced odds of alcohol consumption in boys and girls (OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.99)) and reduced odds of online messaging in boys (OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98)) at age 11. Early childhood spatial ability was associated with reduced odds of participating in sport/active games in boys at age 11 (OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.95).ConclusionNeuroselection may occur during early childhood resulting in some, but not all, healthier behaviours by age 11.
Educational inequalities in falls mortality among older adults: population-based multiple cause of death data from Sweden
Authors: Ahmad Kiadaliri Aliasghar , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Englund Martin 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundFalls are the leading cause of fatal injuries among elderly adults. While socioeconomic status including education is a well-documented predictor of many individual health outcomes including mortality, little is known about socioeconomic inequalities in falls mortality among adults. This study aimed to assess educational inequalities in falls mortality among older adults in Sweden using multiple cause of death data.MethodsAll residents aged 50‒75 years in the Skåne region, Sweden, during 1998‒2013 (n=566 478) were followed until death, relocation outside Skåne or end of 2014. We identified any mention of falls on death certificates (n=1047). We defined three levels of education. We used an additive hazards model and Cox regression with age as time scale adjusted for marital status and country of birth to calculate slope and relative indices of inequality (SII/RII). We also computed the population attributable fraction of lower educational attainment. Analyses were performed separately for men and women.ResultsBoth SII and RII revealed statistically significant educational inequalities in falls mortality among men in favour of high educated (SII (95% CI): 15.5 (9.8 to 21.3) per 100 000 person-years; RII: 2.19 (1.60 to 3.00)) but not among women. Among men, 34% (95% CI 19 to 46) of falls deaths were attributable to lower education.ConclusionsThere was an inverse association between education and deaths from falls among men but not women. The results suggest that individual’s education should be considered in falls reduction interventions.
Changes in drinking as predictors of changes in sickness absence: a case-crossover study
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Kivimäki Mika , Pentti Jaana , Halonen Jaana I , Vahtera Jussi , Virtanen Marianna 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundWe investigated whether changes in alcohol use predict changes in the risk of sickness absence in a case-crossover design.MethodsFinnish public sector employees were surveyed in 2000, 2004 and 2008 on alcohol use and covariates. Heavy drinking was defined as either a weekly intake that exceeded recommendations (12 units for women; 23 for men) or having an extreme drinking session. The responses were linked to national sickness absence registers. We analysed the within-person relative risk of change in the risk of sickness absence in relation to change in drinking. Case period refers to being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey and control period refers to not being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey.ResultsPeriods of heavy drinking were associated with increased odds of self-certified short-term (1–3 days) sickness absence (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38 for all participants; 1.62, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.21 for men and 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33 for women). A higher risk of short-term sickness absence was also observed after increase in drinking (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) and a lower risk was observed after decrease in drinking (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00). Both increase (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.57) and decrease (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.43) in drinking were associated with increased risk of long-term (>9 days) medically certified all-cause sickness absence.ConclusionIncrease in drinking was related to increases in short-term and long-term sickness absences. Men and employees with a low socioeconomic position in particular seemed to be at risk.
Patients’ Rights, Medical Error and Harmonisation of Compensation Mechanisms in Europe
Authors: Watson Kenneth , Kottenhagen Rob 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In 1999 the Institute of Medicine reported that most medical injuries relate to unavoidable human error in a context of system failure. Patient safety improves when healthcare providers facilitate blame-free reporting and organisational learning. This is at odds with fault-based civil liability law, which discourages a more open (doctor-patient) communication on medical injuries. The absence of a clear-cut definition of ‘medical error’ complicates litigation and hence swift, appropriate patient compensation. No-fault systems perform better in this respect. A dual track liability system for medical malpractice is challenging to implement and operate, yet may be the only option for Pan-European harmonisation of medical liability.
When the Going Gets Tough … Patience
Authors: Sulkes Stan 
Published: December 2017

Dr. Sulkes is an associate professor of English at Raymond Walters College, University of Cincinnati. A frequenter of Paul Bartel's shop, ‘the Baroque Violin,’ he was encouraged to write of his own experiences as a student violinist. Dr. Sulkes recently published an article on the background of individual Stradivarius violins in Cincinnati Horizons.
Measuring L2 speakers’ interactional ability using interactive speech tasks
Authors: van Batenburg Eline S. L. , Oostdam Ron J. , van Gelderen Amos J. S. , de Jong Nivja H. 
Published: December 2017

This article explores ways to assess interactional performance, and reports on the use of a test format that standardizes the interlocutor’s linguistic and interactional contributions to the exchange. It describes the construction and administration of six scripted speech tasks (instruction, advice, and sales tasks) with pre-vocational learners ( n = 34), and reports on the extent to which these tasks can be used to assess L2 speakers’ interactional performance in a reliable and valid manner. The high levels of agreement found between three independent raters on both holistic and analytical measurements of interactional performance indicate that this construct can be measured reliably with these tasks. Means and standard deviations demonstrate that tasks differentiate between speakers’ interactional performance. Holistic ratings of linguistic accuracy and interactional ability correlate highly between tasks that focus on different language functions, and are situated in different interactional domains. Furthermore, positive correlations are found between both holistic and analytic ratings of oral performance and vocabulary size. Positive within-task correlations between analytical ratings of specific interactional strategies and holistic ratings of overall interactional ability show that analytic ratings of meaning negotiation and correcting misinterpretation provide additional information about speakers’ interactional ability that is not captured by holistic assessment alone. It is concluded that these tasks are a useful diagnostic tool for practitioners to support their learners’ interactional abilities at a sub-skill level.
Pain worsening with physical activity during migraine attacks in women with overweight/obesity: A prospective evaluation of frequency, consistency, and correlates
Authors: Farris Samantha G , Thomas J Graham , Abrantes Ana M , Lipton Richard B , Pavlovic Jelena , Smitherman Todd A , Irby Megan B , Penzien Donald B , Roth Julie , O’Leary Kevin C , Bond Dale S 
Published: December 2017

Background Migraine is a neurological disease involving recurrent attacks of moderate-to-severe and disabling head pain. Worsening of pain with routine physical activity during attacks is a principal migraine symptom; however, the frequency, individual consistency, and correlates of this symptom are unknown. Given the potential of this symptom to undermine participation in daily physical activity, an effective migraine prevention strategy, further research is warranted. This study is the first to prospectively evaluate (a) frequency and individual consistency of physical activity-related pain worsening during migraine attacks, and (b) potential correlates, including other migraine symptoms, anthropometric characteristics, psychological symptoms, and daily physical activity. Methods Participants were women (n = 132) aged 18–50 years with neurologist-confirmed migraine and overweight/obesity seeking weight loss treatment in the Women’s Health and Migraine trial. At baseline, participants used a smartphone diary to record migraine attack occurrence, severity, and symptoms for 28 days. Participants also completed questionnaires and 7 days of objective physical activity monitoring before and after diary completion, respectively. Patterning of the effect of physical activity on pain was summarized within-subject by calculating the proportion (%) of attacks in which physical activity worsened, improved, or had no effect on pain. Results Participants reported 5.5 ± 2.8 (mean ± standard deviation) migraine attacks over 28 days. The intraclass correlation (coefficient = 0.71) indicated high consistency in participants’ reports of activity-related pain worsening or not. On average, activity worsened pain in 34.8 ± 35.6% of attacks, had no effect on pain in 61.8 ± 34.6% of attacks and improved pain in 3.4 ± 12.7% of attacks. Few participants (9.8%) reported activity-related pain worsening in all attacks. A higher percentage of attacks where physical activity worsened pain demonstrated small-sized correlations with more severe nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and allodynia (r = 0.18 – 0.22, p < 0.05). Pain worsening due to physical activity was not related to psychological symptoms or total daily physical activity. Conclusions There is large variability in the effect of physical activity on pain during migraine attacks that can be accounted for by individual differences. For a minority of participants, physical activity consistently contributed to pain worsening. More frequent physical activity-related pain worsening was related to greater severity of other migraine symptoms and pain sensitivity, which supports the validity of this diagnostic feature. Study protocol ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT01197196
Altered plasma clot properties increase the risk of recurrent deep vein thrombosis: a cohort study
Authors: Cieslik Joanna , Mrozinska Sandra , Broniatowska Elżbieta , Undas Anetta 
Published: December 2017

Key Points
Formation of more compact plasma fibrin clots associated with impaired susceptibility to lysis predisposes to recurrent DVT. Determination of plasma clot phenotype before anticoagulation withdrawal might help identify patients at elevated risk of DVT recurrence.
Phase II Study of Everolimus in Patients With Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Previously Treated With Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Zucali Paolo Andrea , De Pas Tommaso , Palmieri Giovannella , Favaretto Adolfo , Chella Antonio , Tiseo Marcello , Caruso Michele , Simonelli Matteo , Perrino Matteo , De Vincenzo Fabio , Toffalorio Francesca , Damiano Vincenzo , Pasello Giulia , Garbella Erika , Ali Marco , Conforti Fabio , Ottaviano Margaret , Cioffi Angela , De Placido Sabino , Giordano Laura , Bertossi Monica , Destro Annarita , Di Tommaso Luca , Santoro Armando 
Published: December 2017

Purpose No effective salvage treatments are available for patients with advanced/recurrent thymoma (T) or thymic carcinoma (TC) who have progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. This study evaluated the activity of everolimus in patients with advanced/recurrent T or TC previously treated with cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Patients and Methods This was a single-arm, single-stage, open-label, multicenter, phase II trial. Patients received oral everolimus 10 mg/d until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal. A Fleming phase II trial was designed. The null hypothesis of a true disease control rate (DCR) of 40% was tested against a one-sided alternative of a true DCR of 60% (α = β = 0.10): If disease control were achieved in ≥ 21 of the first 41 evaluable patients, everolimus could be recommended for further evaluation. Progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety were also evaluated. Results From 2011 to 2013, 51 patients were enrolled (T, n = 32; TC, n = 19). Complete remission was observed in one patient with TC, partial response in five patients (T, n = 3; TC, n = 2), and stable disease in 38 patients (T, n = 27; TC, n= 11), with a DCR of 88% (T,: 93.8%; TC, 77.8%). With a median follow up of 25.7 months, median progression-free survival was 10.1 months (T,: 16.6 months; TC, 5.6 months), and median overall survival was 25.7 months (T, not reached; TC, 14.7 months). Fourteen patients had a serious drug-related adverse event; of these patients, nine permanently discontinued treatment. Three patients died of pneumonitis while in the study. Immunohistochemical positivity for p4E-BP1 or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor was statistically significantly related to a shorter survival. Conclusion Everolimus may induce durable disease control in a high percentage of patients with T or TC, albeit with a potential high risk of fatal pneumonitis.
How Exemplary Teaching Physicians Interact with Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Saint Sanjay , Harrod Molly , Fowler Karen E. , Houchens Nathan 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDEffectively interacting with patients defines the consummate clinician.OBJECTIVEAs part of a broader study, we examined how 12 carefully selected attending physicians interacted with patients during inpatient teaching rounds.DESIGNA multisite study using an exploratory, qualitative approach.PARTICIPANTSExemplary teaching physicians were identified using modified snowball sampling. Of 59 potential participants, 16 were contacted, and 12 agreed to participate. Current and former learners of the participants were also interviewed. Participants were from hospitals located throughout the United States.INTERVENTIONTwo researchers—a physician and a medical anthropologist—conducted 1‐day site visits, during which they observed teaching rounds and patient‐physician interactions and interviewed learners and attendings.MEASUREMENTSField notes were taken during teaching rounds. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and code reports were generated.RESULTSThe attendings generally exhibited the following 3 thematic behaviors when interacting with patients: (1) care for the patient's well‐being by being a patient advocate and forming a bond with the patient; (2) consideration of the “big picture” of the patient's medical and social situation by anticipating what the patient may need upon discharge and inquiring about the patient's social situation; and (3) respect for the patient through behaviors such as shaking hands with the patient and speaking with the patient at eye level by sitting or kneeling.CONCLUSIONSThe key findings of our study (care for the patient's well‐being, consideration of the “big picture,” and respect for the patient) can be adopted and honed by physicians to improve their own interactions with hospitalized patients.
Sentido del humor, afectos y personalidad. Estudio en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Salavera Carlos , Usan Pablo , Jarie Laurane , Lucha Orosia 
Published: December 2017

El uso del humor, los afectos y su personalidad, pueden determinar de manera significativa el funcionamiento de una persona. Se evaluó a 652 estudiantes universitarios para analizar la relación entre estas variables: uso del humor, afectos y personalidad. Los resultados muestran como los hombres hacen un mayor uso del humor, tanto positivo como negativo y presentan mayores niveles de impulsividad, actividad, sociabilidad y agresividad, no encontrándose diferencias en el manejo de los afectos. Las personas que muestran un mayor uso del humor positivo (afiliativo y automejora), también utilizan más los afectos positivos y muestran mayores niveles de actividad, sociabilidad e impulsividad. Los datos indican como el uso del humor está relacionado con los afectos y la personalidad, siendo esta última un buen predictor de los afectos. Como conclusión, afirmar que los datos de la investigación proporcionan evidencia de la relación entre el sentido del humor, los afectos y la personalidad.
Homofobia y recepción de personajes lésbicos en narrativas audiovisuales
Authors: Villegas Simón Isabel María , Angulo-Brunet Ariadna , Liu Kexin 
Published: December 2017

La presencia de personajes lésbicos ha aumentado en las narrativas audiovisuales populares, como en las series de televisión o las películas. Por ello es necesario explorar su percepción en audiencias heterogéneas. El objetivo de la investigación es explorar la relación entre la homofobia y la identificación con los personajes, el disfrute y el gusto como procesos de recepción narrativa en ficciones audiovisuales protagonizadas por lesbianas. Para ello, se ha realizado un trabajo empírico compuesto por un cuestionario en línea en el que 140 participantes contestaron primero a preguntas sobre su grado de homofobia, en segundo lugar realizaron un visionado y, finalmente, contestaron preguntas relativas a la identificación, el disfrute y el gusto. Tras obtener las evidencias de validez de la escala de Homofobia Moderna de Lesbianas (mhS-l) se exploraron las relaciones entre las dimensiones de la escala y el resto de variables. Los principales resultados muestran que las personas que tienen un grado menor de homofobia institucional disfrutan en mayor medida y les gusta más el video. Asimismo, se evidenció que los hombres se identifican más intensamente con los personajes de lesbianas, y los gais y lesbianas disfrutan más. Estos resultados se interpretan a la luz de las teorías del entretenimiento mediático.
Meeting the nutritional needs of premature babies: their future is in our hands
Authors: Riskin Arieh 
Published: December 2017

The goals of early nutrition in preterm infants are to provide all the necessary vital nutrients, achieve extra-uterine growth rates similar to fetuses of the same gestational age, and support functional neurodevelopmental outcomes that are comparable to those of infants born at term. It is vital to provide nutrition that will maximally support brain growth and development, but over-feeding with accelerated growth, fat accumulation and long-term metabolic consequences should also be avoided. Because the morbidity associated with prematurity increases nutritional and energetic demands, the basic approach is of providing early intensive nutrition. Protein is the main driving force for growth and brain development. Since deficits in protein occur from the first day of extra-uterine life, sufficient quantities of parenteral amino acids should be provided from the first hours of life. With protein and carbohydrates, enough energy should also be provided, via concomitant early administration of intravenous lipid emulsions. Early initiation of enteral feeding with advancement to full enteral nutrition is associated with better maturation of the gut and better neuro-developmental outcomes. Human milk is the best food for preterm babies, although enrichment may be needed.
Lauchheim 1986–2016. The Interdisciplinary analysis and GIS-Mapping of a prominent early medieval necropolis in Eastern Swabia
Authors: Hoeke Benjamin Nicolas , Bibby David 
Published: December 2017

One of the most well-known and largest early medieval necropoles in Western Europe lies near the small town of Lauchheim in Baden-Württemberg, South West Germany. Totaling round 1400 inhumations dating from 5th – 7th Century AD, it was completely excavated between 1986 – 1996. Due to the high frequency of finds and the fragility of some of the bone material, much use was made of block lifting. Some blocks remain unopened till today. The good state of preservation and the juxtaposition of the necropolis with a contemporary settlement, which was also extensively excavated, set the stage for an extensive social-historical analysis of a local early medieval com-munity over two centuries. Analysis of the grave good and anthropological appraisal have been combined and structured in a specially designed Database containing over 30,000 individual en-tries. A GIS Map of the site, arduously piped from the original hand drawings via vectorization software and CAD into Open Source GIS, allows for perspicuous visualization of any combination of anthropological data and/or finds and contributes greatly to the understanding of the development of the necropolis. Since 2008 the Lauchheim Project has been supported by the German Research Council, allowing innovative conservation and documentation methods including complete anthropological examination, 3D computer tomography of the unopened blocks (with sometimes surprising results) and the extensive examination of organic material and textiles.