bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosynoptic Conditions Favorable to Formation of Local Catabatic Wind Coşava in Oraviţa Depression (Romania). Case Studies
Authors: Ciprian Chiriac , Ovidiu Murărescu 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In the southwestern part of Romania, in the Oraviţa Depression, which is included in the Banat historical region, there is a low altitude air circulation in the cold season. Under certain conditions of atmospheric pressure, it generates a catabatic wind (Coşava), with strong increases in speed at blast. The wind speed, which often exceeds 10 m / s, causes sometimes-massive damage to property.
Recent progress toward understanding the role of starch biosynthetic enzymes in the cereal endosperm
Authors: Li Cheng , Powell Prudence O. , Gilbert Robert G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStarch from cereal endosperm is a major energy source for many mammals. The synthesis of this starch involves a number of different enzymes whose mode of action is still not completely understood. ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase is involved in the synthesis of starch monomer (ADP-glucose), a process, which almost exclusively takes place in the cytosol. ADPglucose is then transported into the amyloplast and incorporated into starch granules by starch synthase, starch-branching enzyme and debranching enzyme. Additional enzymes, including starch phosphorylase and disproportionating enzyme, may be also involved in the formation of starch granules, although their exact functions are still obscure. Interactions between these enzymes in the form of functional complexes have been proposed and investigated, resulting more complicated starch biosynthetic pathways. An overall picture and recent advances in understanding of the functions of these enzymes is summarized in this review to provide insights into how starch granules are synthesized in cereal endosperm.
Multi-modal language input: A learned superadditive effect
Authors: Cheetham Dominic 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReview of psychological and language acquisition research into seeing faces while listening, seeing gesture while listening, illustrated text, reading while listening, and same language subtitled video, confirms that bi-modal input has a consistently positive effect on language learning over a variety of input types. This effect is normally discussed using a simple additive model where bi-modal input increases the total amount of data and adds redundancy to duplicated input thus increasing comprehension and then learning. Parallel studies in neuroscience suggest that bi-modal integration is a general effect using common brain areas and following common neural paths. Neuroscience also shows that bi-modal effects are more complex than simple addition, showing early integration of inputs, a learning/developmental effect, and a superadditive effect for integrated bi-modal input. The different bodies of research produce a revised model of bi-modal input as a learned, active system. The implications for language learning are that bi- or multi-modal input can powerfully enhance language learning and that the learning benefits of such input will increase alongside the development of neurological integration of the inputs.
Integrating Linguistic Theory and Experimentation in L2 Acquisition: Learning of Spanish Differential Object Marking by Portuguese and English speakers
Authors: Nediger Will , Pires Acrisio , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on consequences for linguistic theory of a set of experiments on the L2 acquisition of Spanish Differential Object Marking (DOM), with three experimental groups: a native control group, a group of L2 learners whose L1 is English, and a group of L2 learners whose L1 is Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The results of the experiments shed light on two questions of theoretical import: (a) how best to characterize the syntax of Spanish DOM, and (b) whether BP should be classified as a DOM language. We argue that our results support López’s (2012, Indefinite objects: Scrambling, choice functions, and differential marking. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) syntactic theory account of DOM over that of Torrego (1998, The dependencies of objects. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), in particular due to the more fine-grained distinctions between non-specific objects made by López (2012) compared to Torrego (1998). We also argue that although BP is a DOM language (as suggested by Schwenter 2014, Two kinds of differential object marking in Portuguese and Spanish. In Patricia Amaral & Ana Maria Carvalho (eds.), Portuguese-Spanish interfaces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact, 237–260. Amsterdam: John Benjamins), our BP subjects do not show a clear acquisitional advantage over English speakers with regard to Spanish DOM, due to independent reasons that include the morphological realization of DOM in Spanish.
Evaluating Societies Morally: The Case of Development and ‘Developing’ Societies
Authors: Okeja Uchenna 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Can a society, as a collective, be evaluated morally? In this paper, I attempt to answer this question against the background of the discourse on development. Specifically, I undertake three explorations. I begin with 1) discussion of the ways we attribute responsibility to collectives in relation to some problems associated with globalisation. This is followed by 2) consideration of some of the debates in philosophy regarding the nature and possibility of collective responsibility. Lastly, I examine 3) an attractive but underexplored possibility in the growing literature on Ubuntu. On the basis of Ubuntu moral insights, I will attempt to defend the thesis that the collective responsibility of developing societies in relation development is grounded by the imperative to care about the humanity of other people.
Strategies for the Justification of Law
Authors: Pfannkuche Walter 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We need to acknowledge that the members of most modern societes adhere to different and partially contradictory moral convictions which to overcome we yet don’t have the intellectual means. Since such convictions typically include opions about which moral rules should be established as laws there will be disagreement about the correct rules of law as well. The article investigates the possibilities to find a system of laws that all can accept on the basis of such moral pluralism. It develops six steps and models for the required justification. As the final step has the form of a strategic negotiation the concluding section explores which forms of representation and which deviations from unanimity are acceptable within this procedural model of justification.
Understanding the Unequal Post-Great Recession Wealth Recovery for American Families
Authors: Zhang Sisi , Feng Shuaizhang 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The wealth of US families had not returned to its prerecession level by 2013, six years after the onset of the Great Recession. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of this slow and uneven episode of wealth recovery, using family-level data from the Survey of Consumer Finances 1989–2013. Both descriptive results and regressions controlling for life cycle wealth accumulation show that families of color and less-educated families are falling behind in wealth recovery because their wealth portfolios are concentrated in housing, which has recovered very slowly. The decomposition results suggest that homeownership plays a significant role in explaining wealth disparity by race, ethnicity, and education at the mean and bottom of the wealth distribution. Understanding the uneven wealth recovery has important implications for redesigning asset-related policies and narrowing wealth gaps.
Timing of electromyographic activity and ranges of motion during simple motor tasks of upper extremities
Authors: Syczewska Małgorzata , Krawczyk Maciej , Szczerbik Ewa , Kalinowska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Study aim: Improvement of the upper extremities’ performance is one of the key aims in the rehabilitation process. In order to achieve high effectiveness of this process the amount of functional improvement achieved by a patient during the therapy needs to be assessed. The aim of this study was to obtain electromyographic (EMG) activity profiles of the upper extremity muscles during execution of simple tasks in healthy subjects. Additionally the ranges of wrist, elbow and shoulder joints were measured and reported during performed trials. The second aim was to determine whether the movement execution and ranges of move­ments and muscular activity depend on age. Material and methods: Twenty-eight healthy adults, age range 21 to 65 years old, participated in the study. Surface electrodes were placed bilaterally on 7 upper extremity muscles. To obtain information about the beginning and end of the movement task and ranges of upper extremity joints, 13 markers were placed on the elbows and wrists of both upper extremities. The move­ments of the segments were calculated (distal vs proximal) in five simple functional tasks (each task involved only one joint), performed while sitting. Kinematic data were collected by the VICON 460 system, and electromyographic data with the Mo­tion Lab EMG system. Results: Charts of timing of EMG activity of the upper extremity muscles together with ranges of upper extremity joint motion were obtained. Conclusion: The results show that the number of muscles activated and the time (or percentage) of the task during which they are active depend on the type of the task and age. These data can be used as a reference in evaluation of functional deficits of patients.
OR.NET RT: how service-oriented medical device architecture meets real-time communication
Authors: Pfeiffer Jonas H. , Kasparick Martin , Strathen Benjamin , Dietz Christian , Dingler Max E. , Lueth Tim C. , Timmermann Dirk , Radermacher Klaus , Golatowski Frank 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Today’s landscape of medical devices is dominated by stand-alone systems and proprietary interfaces lacking cross-vendor interoperability. This complicates or even impedes the innovation of novel, intelligent assistance systems relying on the collaboration of medical devices. Emerging approaches use the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm based on Internet protocol (IP) to enable communication between medical devices. While this works well for scenarios with no or only soft timing constraints, the underlying best-effort communication scheme is insufficient for time critical data. Real-time (RT) networks are able to reliably guarantee fixed latency boundaries, for example, by using time division multiple access (TDMA) communication patterns. However, deterministic RT networks come with their own limitations such as tedious, inflexible configuration and a more restricted bandwidth allocation. In this contribution we overcome the drawbacks of both approaches by describing and implementing mechanisms that allow the two networks to interact. We introduce the first implementation of a medical device network that offers hard RT guarantees for control and sensor data and integrates into SOA networks. Based on two application examples we show how the flexibility of SOA networks and the reliability of RT networks can be combined to achieve an open network infrastructure for medical devices in the operating room (OR).
Insight into American tourists’ experiences with weather in South Africa
Authors: Giddy Julia K. , Fitchett Jennifer M. , Hoogendoorn Gijsbert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Weather and climate are often important factors determining the success of a tourism destination and resultant satisfaction among tourists. This is particularly true for South Africa due the predominance of outdoor tourist attractions. Increasing numbers of international tourists have visited South Africa since the fall of apartheid, particularly those from the United States (U.S.), which is an important market for South African tourism. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine a sample of American tourists’ experience with day-to-day weather and climatic conditions in South Africa. The results show that although respondents did not feel that climatic conditions were an important factor in motivations to visit the country, the day-to-day weather did often impact the enjoyment of their visit. Most notably, weather controlled their ability to participate in outdoor activities. In correlating accounts of unpleasant weather conditions with the meteorological records, a close association emerged, particularly for excessively high temperatures. This indicates that the experiences of American tourists are an accurate indication of climatic unsuitability for tourism, which poses threats to the South African outdoor tourism sector.
Accommodation services for competitive tourism in Sub-Saharan Africa: Historical evidence from Malawi
Authors: Magombo Alice , Rogerson Christian M. , Rogerson Jayne M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The accommodation services sector is a vital underpinning of the competitiveness of destinations in especially emerging tourism regions of the global economy. Within the environment of Africa building the competitiveness of countries as tourism destinations is inseparable from the challenge of establishing a network of different forms of accommodation at competitive prices and internationally acceptable quality standards. This paper uses a longitudinal approach to analyse the development of the accommodation services sector in one African country - Malawi - which is scaling up its tourism industry. Using historical evidence the objective is to examine the unfolding evolution of accommodation services as a factor in enhancing tourism destination competitiveness. The chequered pathway followed in Malawi to building the country’s network of hotels and small-scale accommodation establishments is traced from the colonial period to post-independence developments. It is argued that in understanding the historical evolution of accommodation services policy re-orientations have been significant drivers of change.
Small-area variations in overweight and obesity in an urban area of Nigeria: The role of fast food outlets
Authors: Osayomi Tolulope , Orhiere Maryanne A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Overweight and obesity are two related health issues of epidemic proportions. In Nigeria, these health conditions have been emerging only recently. The extant literature shows inter-city variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria. However, they say little about intra-city variations of these health problems in Nigerian urban centres. Thus, the focus of the study was to determine the small-area variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an urban area of Nigeria and its association with socio-economic, environmental, dietary and lifestyle risk factors. With the aid of a questionnaire, information on the demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle, household and neighbourhood characteristics of respondents was obtained from respondents. Overweight and obesity were computed based on the self-reported height and weight of respondents, using the Body Mass Index (BMI) formula. A simple linear regression model was estimated to determine the individual and collective effects of risk factors. Findings showed that there were noticeable spatial variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity which result from the varying contextual and compositional characteristics among the political wards of the Ibadan North LGA. Physical proximity to fast food outlets was the only significant factor driving the spatial pattern of obesity (b = 0.645; R2 = 0.416). The paper suggests that government and health officials should formulate area-specific obesity prevention and control plans to curb this growing epidemic in Nigeria.
Perception of the role of culture in the development of small cities by local governments in the context of strategic documents – a case study of Poland
Authors: Środa-Murawska Stefania , Biegańska Jadwiga , Dąbrowski Leszek 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
It is widely accepted that the cultural sector and the creative sector have an impact on the socio-economic revival of cities. They create urban images, form a specific creative milieu, generate new jobs, and organize urban space. The above-mentioned observations have been mainly referred to the largest cities. So far, small cities have not been the subject of similar considerations. As many studies have shown in recent years, the potential of culture for socio-economic development in small cities has been noticed more and more often. It refers mainly to countries in Western Europe or in North America where generally, in the 1980s, the cultural sector was perceived as a remedy for the problems of post-industrial cities. This paper discusses the role of culture in the development of small cities in Poland, i.e. in a country in which only after 1989 is it possible to consider local development managed by local communities. The paper aims at showing how local governments of small cities in Poland perceive the role of culture in their development. The study is based on the analysis of strategic documents dedicated to the development of individual cities. When analysed, strategic documents clearly indicate that local authorities in every city use and are planning to further use different types of cultural activities for the enhancement or development of selected elements included in the broadly-understood socio-economic development; however, only few small cities notice the wide array of opportunities for making the cultural sector a base for socio-economic development.
Approaches towards social deprivation: Reviewing measurement methods
Authors: Świgost Agnieszka 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe phenomenon of social deprivation is highly diversified; hence there are a number of methods for measuring it. This article is a summary of a literature review concerning the methodology for calculating deprivation indices showing differences in research on deprivation. Reports, carried out on behalf of public administrations as well as academic articles from ten socially and economically developed countries, although diversified, were analysed. Partial indicators from the indices were classified into eight thematic groups representing different deprivation dimensions. A total of 166 partial indicators were analysed. Moreover, other methods of researching social crisis phenomena were discussed i.e. the indices employed by the UN and the USA. In the analysed countries, indicators of education and living conditions were considered most frequently while those relating to health and crime the least. The most common partial indicators are average levels of income, unemployment, overcrowding and education.
Full-bridge MMC DC fault ride-through and STATCOM operation in multi-terminal HVDC grids
Authors: Kontos E. , Tsolaridis G. , Teodorescu R. , Bauer P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper investigates a control structure to enhance the DC fault ride-through capability of a full-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMC) station, while ensuring a stable controlled operation as a STATCOM during DC faults without the need for fault isolation. Taking advantage of the switching states of a full-bridge submodule, a DC current controller is proposed, which provides the DC voltage reference for the modulation when a DC fault is detected. By changing the outer controllers strategy from DC voltage or active power control to converter energy control during a fault, the decoupling of the converter operation from the DC side dynamics is realized. In this paper, the focus is on the control methodology at all times of operation and the evaluation of the STATCOM control during a fault. To this end, extensive simulations were performed on a three-terminal high voltage direct current (HVDC) grid in radial configuration and a pole-to-pole DC fault case was investigated. The results showed that the AC voltage and current were controlled within limits at all times, while the full-bridge MMC was able to provide reactive power support to the AC grid. Moreover, using the proposed control methodology, the transients at the operation transition points between STATCOM and inverter/rectifier operation were minimized and the stations were able to safely ride through the fault.
Power electronic transformer based on cascaded H-bridge converter
Authors: Morawiec M. , Lewicki A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this paper the control strategy of power electronic transformer (PET) is proposed. The analyzed structure of PET uses two seven-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) rectifiers. The electrical power of PET is transferred between DC-links of CHB converters using dual-active-bridges (DABs) and low voltage high frequency transformers. The roposed solution allows for controlling the active and reactive power with a low level of harmonic distortions. The DC-link voltages and the load of the utilized H-bridges are controlled using appropriate modulation strategy. The theoretical issues are confirmed by simulation and experimental results.
Indifference pricing with counterparty risk
Authors: Ngo M. , Nguyen T. , Duong T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present counterparty risk by a jump in the underlying price and a structural change of the price process after the default of the counterparty. The default time is modeled by a default-density approach. Then we study an exponential utility-indifference price of an European option whose underlying asset is exposed to this counterparty risk. Utility-indifference pricing method normally consists in solving two optimization problems. However, by using the minimal entropy martingale measure, we reduce to solving just one optimal control problem. In addition, to overcome the incompleteness obstacle generated by the possible jump and the change in structure of the price process, we employ the BSDE-decomposition approach in order to decompose the problem into a global-before-default optimal control problem and an after-default one. Each problem works in its own complete framework. We demonstrate the result by numerical simulation of an European option price under the impact of jump’s size, intensity of the default, absolute risk aversion and change in the underlying volatility.
Stabilization of positive descriptor fractional discrete-time linear system with two different fractional orders by decentralized controller
Authors: Sajewski Ł. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Positive descriptor fractional discrete-time linear systems with fractional different orders are addressed in the paper. The decomposition of the regular pencil is used to extend necessary and sufficient conditions for positivity of the descriptor fractional discrete-time linear system with different fractional orders. A method for finding the decentralized controller for the class of positive systems is proposed and its effectiveness is demonstrated on a numerical example.