bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discoloration of different esthetic restorative materials: A spectrophotometric evaluation
Authors: Ceci Matteo , Viola Matteo , Rattalino Davide , Beltrami Riccardo , Colombo Marco , Poggio Claudio 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: A crucial property of esthetic restorative materials is their long-term color stability. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic restorative materials (one microfilled flowable composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanoybrid composite, one microfilled composite, and one nanoybrid ormocer-based composite) after surface roughening with cola and exposure to different staining solutions (coffee and red wine).Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings (2 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm) to obtain 150 specimens identical in size. Seventy-five specimens of Group A were first exposed to cola for 24 h, and then samples were immersed in coffee or red wine over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation, according to the CIE L*a*b* system, was performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means were compared with Scheffe's multiple comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance.Results: Specimens of Group A showed higher variations when compared with Group B's specimens (P < 0.05). After 28 days, the immersion protocols caused a clinically perceivable color change for all materials tested (P < 0.05). CeramX Universal and Admira Fusion showed the lowest ΔE variations (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Staining beverages caused significant discolorations for all the materials tested. The first exposure to cola enhanced the subsequent staining with coffee or red wine. Nanohybrid composites reported the lowest color variations.
Size discrepancies in molars and first key to optimal occlusion
Authors: Celebi Ahmet Arif , Lee Sam H. , Kau Chung How 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this research project was to determine whether the sizes of the first molars allow clinicians to achieve the first goal of an ideal clinical outcome. Material and Methods: Seventy-eight sets of dental casts that have been presented to the American Board of Orthodontics were evaluated. A Boley gauge was used to measure the length from the mesiobuccal cusp to the distobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar and the length from the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar to the occlusal embrasure between the mandibular first and second molars. These two measurements were taken on both sides of each set of dental casts for a total of four measurements per set. Results: The maxillary measurements ranged from 3.6 to 6.9 mm with an average of 5.2 mm. The mandibular measurements ranged from 5.0 to 8.0 mm with an average of 6.5 mm. The data were tested for normality and found to be equally distributed. A t-test revealed significant differences in tooth sizes between maxillary and mandibular first molars on both sides. On average, the mesiodistal length measured on maxillary first molars was about 80% of that of their mandibular counterparts. Only 5 of the 78 sets of dental casts evaluated had equal maxillary and mandibular measurements on one side (either left or right), and none of them had equal measurements on both sides. Conclusion: Clinicians have to understand that tooth size discrepancies do exist in patients and that these discrepancies make the completion of a perfect case challenging.
Evaluation of knowledge among general dentists in treatment of traumatic injuries in primary teeth: A cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Ravikumar Dhanalakshmi , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Subramanian E M. G. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge of General dentist regarding the management of dental traumatic injuries of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 general dentists were selected and a validated questionnaire was distributed among the dentist to assess their knowledge on treatment strategies regarding traumatized primary teeth. Statistical Analysis: Data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 for percentages. The correct answers were tested in relation to the dentists' years of experience using the Chi-square test. Results: Analyzing the questionnaire for knowledge, 49% of dentists answered accurately regarding avulsed primary teeth, 36% of dentists answered appropriately regarding crown and root fractures, and 55% of dentists gave appropriate answers regarding luxation injuries. Chi-square test showed a statistically significant difference only for 2 questions in relation to the dentist's years of experience (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a lack of consistency in the knowledge among general dentist regarding traumatic dental injuries of primary teeth. There is a need to create awareness and education regarding traumatic injuries of primary teeth.
Impact of Catholic Hospital Affiliation During Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency on the Provision of Family Planning
Authors: Guiahi Maryam , Hoover Jennifer , Swartz Maryke , Teal Stephanie 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Catholic hospitals operate under the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services, which for obstetrics and gynecology residents may create barriers to receiving adequate training in family planning.

Objective
We evaluated how training at a Catholic hospital affects trainees' subsequent provision of reproductive health services at secular institutions.

Methods
This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with recent obstetrics and gynecology graduates in generalist practice at secular institutions. We queried about their training experiences, perceived deficiencies, and current provision of family planning services. Three researchers independently coded transcripts, using grounded theory.

Results
We reached thematic saturation after 15 of 31 graduates (48%) from 7 Catholic hospital residencies participated in interviews between June 2014 and February 2015. Many participants reported a lack of awareness regarding limitations on this aspect of their training. All participants reported reproductive health care training deficiencies, and many explained that “elective” training required resident initiative to obtain. After graduation, participants reported dissatisfaction with training in family planning, delayed competency in this area, and a lack of ability to provide certain family planning procedures. All felt that Catholic programs should improve family planning training by providing routine, opt-out family planning opportunities.

Conclusions
Obstetricians and gynecologists who trained at Catholic institutions felt that religion-based policies negatively affected their training experiences and the range of reproductive health services they subsequently provide in practice. Forming collaborations with off-site facilities, particularly for postpartum tubal ligation and uterine evacuation, may improve the reproductive care these physicians ultimately provide to women.
Reading Responsibly between Martha Nussbaum and Emmanuel Levinas: Towards a Textual Ethics for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Wrighton John 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article explores the intersection of literature and philosophy in order to present a reworked textual ethics for the twenty-first century. Tracing over the last thirty years a remarkable philosophical engagement with the ethical imperative of literary criticism, the “turn to ethics” it is argued has largely settled into two competing critical camps: a neo-Aristotelian, narrative ethics on the one hand, and an other-oriented, deconstructive ethics on the other. But by bringing into productive tension for the first time the major works of two of the most significant ethical philosophers, Martha Nussbaum and Emmanuel Levinas (representing the “Analytic” and “Continental” forms of knowledge respectively), this study reveals in their mutual engagement of the textual encounter “language as a way of touching a human being,” and thereby proposes an ethical criticism open to new forms of community and social possibility.
The Boundaries of Corporate Law and Trust Law: An Analysis of Locking v. McCowan
Authors: Anand Anita , Iacobucci Edward 
Published: June 2017

There is an increasing trend among real estate investment trusts (REITs) to employ corporate law duties in formulating the duties of trustees. We contend that this approach represents a fundamental misunderstanding of the trust versus corporate law. To illustrate this point, we examine the case of Locking v. McCowan, a decision that we claim underscores the conceptual uncertainty regarding the extent to which corporate law applies in the income trust context. We argue that the case takes into account the difference between trusts and corporations in certain aspects of the decision, while, in others, it blurs the distinction between the two.
In support of our argument, we note that income trusts lack a separate legal personality and are thus fundamentally different from corporations. The law governing each form therefore is not, and ought not be, identical. To apply corporate law to the interpretation of trustees’ duties fails to acknowledge the absence of a distinct legal entity in the trust context, and the historically fundamental fiduciary relationship between trustees and beneficiaries (i.e., unitholders, in this context). We favour greater clarity in the drafting of the declarations of trust (DOTs) to reflect an understanding that corporate law fiduciary duties should not ground trustees’ duties. Simply importing corporate law fiduciary duties into the DOT undermines the certainty on which DOTs, and thus the income trust market, should operate.
Phytoremédiation de sols pollués par les hydrocarbures – évaluation des potentialités de six espèces végétales tropicales
Authors: Nguemté Pulchérie Matsodoum , Wafo Guy Valérie Djumyom , Djocgoue Pierre François , Kengne Noumsi Ives Magloire , Wanko Ngnien Adrien 
Published: June 2017

Les écoulements et les transferts de matières à travers les sols et sous-sols sont des processus qui impactent les ressources en eau. Ainsi, la restauration des milieux dégradés participe à la préservation de la qualité de la ressource. Afin de contribuer à la décontamination des sols pollués par phytoremédiation - technique de dépollution basée sur l’action des plantes en association avec les micro-organismes du sol - des inventaires floristiques de sites potentiellement pollués et non pollués (témoins) par les hydrocarbures ont été réalisés dans quatre villes du Cameroun. Sur la base d'indicateurs floristiques, six espèces ont été sélectionnées, et leurs capacités phytoremédiatrices testées dans un sol pollué par du fioul à 82,5 mL∙kg‑1 de sol pendant 150 jours en présence de trois modalités : Tn - sols non pollués plantés (6), To - sols pollués non plantés (3) et Tp - sols pollués plantés (18). La biodiversité des sites pollués (106 espèces, 76 genres et 30 familles) est moins élevée que celle des témoins (166 espèces, 125 genres et 50 familles). Les espèces les plus fréquentes (Fri &gt; 10 %) et abondantes (7 % &lt; A &lt; 10 %) sur les sites potentiellement pollués sont dominées par 15 espèces tropicales; parmi lesquelles, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC†, Commelinpa benghalensis L., Cleome ciliata Schum. et Thonn., et Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson, sont utilisées dans des essais de phytoremédiation des sols contaminés au fioul domestique. Seules trois de ces espèces, notamment E. indica, C. dactylon et A. sessilis ont pu survivre et se développer. Contrairement à A. sessilis, E. indica et C. dactylon ne présentent pas de différence significative pour les paramètres de croissance considérés entre les modalités Tn et Tp. Les espèces E. indica et C. dactylon seraient donc plus tolérantes au fioul domestique que l’espèce A. sessilis.
Coğrafya Konuların Öğretiminde Materyal Kullanımının Öğrenci Başarısına Etkisi: Bir Meta Analiz Çalışması / The Effect of the Usage of Instructional Materials on Student Achievement in Teaching Geography: A Meta-analytic Study
Authors: İnel Yusuf , Sezer Adem 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study aims to combine the results of independent studies in order to reveal the impact of the usage of instructional materials in teaching geography subjects on students’ achievement. We have tried to answer the question “Do the instructional materials in teaching geography subjects impact on students’ achievement?”. The study is performed via meta-analysis. The total sampling size obtained from 31 studies included in analysis. The data were analyzed using STATA 13. and CMA 3 programs. When analyzing the data, the values of standard deviation, arithmetic average and sampling size of postest measures of control and experimental groups in each study were used. The results of this study indicate that the usage of instructional materials in the teaching geography subjects impacts positively on students’ achievementat at wider effect size. They also show that there is no any statistically difference among effect size by sampling stage (high school), the material type used, research type, and publication years of studies. </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada, coğrafya konuların öğretilmesinde kullanılan materyallerin öğrenci başarısı üzerindeki etkisinin tespit edilmesine yönelik yapılmış birbirinden bağımsız çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçların birleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç dâhilinde, “Coğrafya Konuların Öğretiminde Kullanılan Materyaller, öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını etkilemekte midir?” sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Çalışma, meta analiz yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analize dahil edilen 31 çalışmadan elde edilen toplam örneklem büyüklüğü 2138 dir. Verilerin analizinde STATA 13 ve CMA 3 programları kullanılmıştır. Verileri analiz ederken her bir çalışmanın kontrol ve deney grubunun sontest ölçümlerinden standart sapma, aritmetik ve örneklem büyüklüğü değerleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, coğrafya konuların öğretiminde kullanılan materyallerin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına pozitif yönde geniş düzeyde etki ettiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, araştırmanın karakteristiğini oluşturan öğrenim düzeyi, materyal türü, çalışma türü ve çalışmaların yayınlandığı yıl değişkenlerine göre etki büyüklükleri açısından istatistikî olarak bir farkın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. </p>
Slow‐sinking particulate organic carbon in the Atlantic Ocean: Magnitude, flux, and potential controls
Authors: Baker Chelsey A. , Henson Stephanie A. , Cavan Emma L. , Giering Sarah L. C. , Yool Andrew , Gehlen Marion , Belcher Anna , Riley Jennifer S. , Smith Helen E. K. , Sanders Richard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe remineralization depth of particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes exported from the surface ocean exerts a major control over atmospheric CO₂ levels. According to a long‐held paradigm most of the POC exported to depth is associated with large particles. However, recent lines of evidence suggest that slow‐sinking POC (SSPOC) may be an important contributor to this flux. Here we assess the circumstances under which this occurs. Our study uses samples collected using the Marine Snow Catcher throughout the Atlantic Ocean, from high latitudes to midlatitudes. We find median SSPOC concentrations of 5.5 μg L−1, 13 times smaller than suspended POC concentrations and 75 times higher than median fast‐sinking POC (FSPOC) concentrations (0.07 μg L−1). Export fluxes of SSPOC generally exceed FSPOC flux, with the exception being during a spring bloom sampled in the Southern Ocean. In the Southern Ocean SSPOC fluxes often increase with depth relative to FSPOC flux, likely due to midwater fragmentation of FSPOC, a process which may contribute to shallow mineralization of POC and hence to reduced carbon storage. Biogeochemical models do not generally reproduce this behavior, meaning that they likely overestimate long‐term ocean carbon storage.
Rates of mantle cooling and exhumation during rifting constrained by REE‐in‐pyroxene speedometry
Authors: Smye A. , Seman S. , Hudak M. , Crispin K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOcean basins are formed when continents are broken apart. Adiabatic melt generation that is driven by rifting of continental lithosphere is strongly dependent on the rate of extension. Slow extension results in conductive heat loss from the upwelling mantle, whereas cooling is limited during fast extension and can result in the geotherm intersecting the peridotite solidus. However, there are few direct constraints on the rates of mantle upwelling during extension of continental lithosphere. Here we use diffusion modeling of subsolidus REE re‐equilibration between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene to show that the Lanzo peridotite massif—lithospheric mantle exhumed during opening of the Ligurian Tethys—cooled at rates between 5 and 25°C/Myr across the spinel‐to‐plagioclase peridotite facies transition. We show that these rates are sufficiently slow to suppress significant adiabatic melt generation, providing an explanation for the magma‐poor nature of the Alpine Tethys margin.
Steady‐state supercritical CO2 and brine relative permeability in Berea sandstone at different temperature and pressure conditions
Authors: Chen Xiongyu , Gao Shuang , Kianinejad Amir , DiCarlo David A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe measure steady‐state two‐phase supercritical CO2‐brine relative permeabilities in a 61 cm‐long Berea sandstone core at three different conditions (40°C and 12.41 MPa, 40°C and 8.27 MPa, and 60°C and 12.41 MPa) under primary drainage. We use pressure taps to obtain pressure drops of individual sections of the core, and X‐ray Computed Tomography (CT) to obtain in situ saturation profiles, which together help to mitigate the capillary end effect. We include previously measured relative permeabilities at 20°C and 10.34 MPa, and compare all the data using both an eye‐test and a statistical test. We find no appreciable temperature and pressure dependence of CO2 relative permeability within 20–60°C and 8.27–12.41 MPa. We find slight changes in the brine relative permeability between supercritical CO2 conditions (40–60°C and 8.27–12.41 MPa) and the liquid CO2 condition (20°C and 10.34 MPa). The temperature and pressure independence of CO2 relative permeability has been previously recognized and reassured in this work using a capillary‐effect‐free method. This allows one to use a single CO2 relative permeability curve in modeling two‐phase CO2 flow within 20–60°C and 8.27–12.41 MPa.
Alkynyl Moiety for Triggering 1,2‐Metallate Shifts: Enantiospecific sp2–sp3 Coupling of Boronic Esters with p‐Arylacetylenes
Authors: Ganesh Venkataraman , Odachowski Marcin , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe enantiospecific coupling of secondary and tertiary boronic esters to aromatics has been investigated. Using p‐lithiated phenylacetylenes and a range of boronic esters coupling has been achieved by the addition of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS). The alkyne functionality of the intermediate boronate complex reacts with NBS triggering the 1,2‐migration of the group on boron to carbon giving a dearomatized bromoallene intermediate. At this point elimination and rearomatization occurs with neopentyl boronic esters, giving the coupled products. However, using pinacol boronic esters, the boron moiety migrates to the adjacent carbon resulting in formation of ortho boron‐incorporated coupled products. The synthetic utility of the boron incorporated product has been demonstrated by orthogonal transformation of both the alkyne and boronic ester functionalities.
Reversible Product Release and Recapture by a Fungal Polyketide Synthase Using a Carnitine Acyltransferase Domain
Authors: Hang Leibniz , Tang Man‐Cheng , Harvey Colin J. B. , Page Claire G. , Li Jian , Hung Yiu‐Sun , Liu Nicholas , Hillenmeyer Maureen E. , Tang Yi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFungal polyketides have significant biological activities, yet the biosynthesis by highly reducing polyketide synthases (HRPKSs) remains enigmatic. An uncharacterized group of HRPKSs was found to contain a C‐terminal domain with significant homology to carnitine O‐acyltransferase (cAT). Characterization of one such HRPKS (Tv6‐931) from Trichoderma virens showed that the cAT domain is capable of esterifying the polyketide product with polyalcohol nucleophiles. This process is readily reversible, as confirmed through the holo ACP‐dependent transesterification of the released product. The methyltransferase (MT) domain of Tv6‐931 can perform two consecutive α‐methylation steps on the last β‐keto intermediate to yield an α,α‐gem‐dimethyl product, a new programing feature among HRPKSs. Recapturing of the released product by cAT domain is suggested to facilitate complete gem‐dimethylation by the MT.
Iterative Learning Control for Linear Discrete‐Time Systems with Unknown High‐Order Internal Models: A Time‐Frequency Analysis Approach
Authors: Zhu Qiao , Xu Jian‐Xin , Huang Deqing , Hu Guang‐Di 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis work focuses on the iterative learning control (ILC) for linear discrete‐time systems with unknown initial state and disturbances. First, multiple high‐order internal models (HOIMs) are introduced for the reference, initial state, and disturbances. Both the initial state and disturbance consist of two components, one strictly satisfies HOIM and the other is random bounded. Then, an ILC scheme is constructed according to an augmented HOIM that is the aggregation of all HOIMs. For all known HOIMs, an ILC design criterion is introduced to achieve satisfactory tracking performance based on the 2‐D
theory. Next, the case with unknown HOIMs is discussed, where a time‐frequency‐analysis (TFA)‐based ILC algorithm is proposed. In this situation, it is shown that the tracking error inherits the unknown augmented HOIM that is an aggregation of all unknown HOIMs. Then, a TFA‐based method, e.g., the short‐time Fourier transformation (STFT), is employed to identify the unknown augmented HOIM, where the STFT could ignore the effect of the random bounded initial state and disturbances. A new ILC law is designed for the identified unknown augmented HOIM, which has the ability to reject the unknown the initial state and disturbances that strictly satisfy HOIMs. Finally, a gantry robot system with iteration‐invariant or slowly‐varying frequencies is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed TFA‐based ILC algorithm.
Fractional Order Controller for Controlling Power System Dynamic Behavior
Authors: Nangrani S. P. , Bhat S. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSeveral power system networks exhibit bifurcation, chaos and instability behavior for some specific values of initial conditions and parameters. Angle and voltage instability behavior of power system is prone to such specific values and parameter variation. This paper proposes fractional order proportional integral controller (FOPI) based state feedback for precise and robust control of such undesirable behavior. This paper proposes first ever use of FOPI for precise rotor angle control leading to instability in power system dynamic behavior. FOPI controller is applied on generator connected to IEEE‐14 bus benchmark model. The ripple frequency of turbine torque is chosen as one of the cause of instability behavior of power system, which has the potential possibility to push system behavior to chaos and instability mode. The proposed FOPI controller design will inhibit the dynamic behavior of power system to safe and stable bounds. Proposed strategy can be applied to other large power system models as well due to its simplicity in design philosophy. Several phase plane trajectories with and without FOPI controller are used to support the viewpoint.