bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation of bichromatic wave groups based on third order side band solution of Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation
Authors: Halfiani Vera , Ramli Marwan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper concerns on propagation of Benjamin Bona Mahony (BBM) wave groups. The previous results, experimental, analytical and numerical, show that nonlinear effects will deform wave groups and may lead to large waves with wave heights larger than twice the original input; the deformation may show itself as peaking and splitting. To investigate this, especially at which location the waves will achieve their maximum amplitude, and to determine the amplitude amplification factor, a concept called Maximal Temporal Amplitude (MTA) is applied. This quantity is a tool that can be used to measure the maximum amplitude of the waves over time. In this paper we will use Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) model and third order side band approximation theory to investigate the peaking and splitting phenomena of the wave groups which is initially in bichromatic signal. The bichromatic signal here is a signal that is described by superposition of two monochromatic signals with the same value in amplitude but slightly different in frequencies. We present that the waves undergo deformation in their propagation.
The epidemic of Tuberculosis on vaccinated population
Authors: Syahrini Intan , Sriwahyuni  , Halfiani Vera , Yuni Syarifah Meurah , Iskandar Taufiq , Rasudin  , Ramli Marwan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which has caused a large number of mortality in Indonesia. This disease is caused by Mycrobacterium tuberculosis. Besides affecting lung, this disease also affects other organs such as lymph gland, intestine, kidneys, uterus, bone, and brain. This article discusses the epidemic of tuberculosis through employing the SEIR model. Here, the population is divided into four compartments which are susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered. The susceptible population is further grouped into two which are vaccinated group and unvaccinated group. The behavior of the epidemic is investigated through analysing the equilibrium of the model. The result shows that administering vaccine to the susceptible population contributes to the reduction of the tuberculosis epidemic rate.
Real-time human respiration carbon dioxide measurement device for cardiorespiratory assessment
Authors: Singh Om Prakash , Howe Teo Aik , Malarvili MB 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The development of a human respiration carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement device to evaluate cardiorespiratory status inside and outside a hospital setting has proven to be a challenging area of research over the few last decades. Hence, we report a real-time, user operable CO2 measurement device using an infrared CO2 sensor (Arduino Mega2560) and a thin film transistor (TFT, 3.5″), incorporated with low pass (cut-off frequency, 10 Hz) and moving average (span, 8) filters. The proposed device measures features such as partial end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), respiratory rate (RR), inspired carbon dioxide (ICO2), and a newly proposed feature—Hjorth activity—that annotates data with the date and time from a real-time clock, and is stored onto a secure digital (SD) card. Further, it was tested on 22 healthy subjects and the performance (reliability, validity and relationship) of each feature was established using (1) an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), (2) standard error measurement (SEM), (3) smallest detectable difference (SDD), (4) Bland–Altman plot, and (5) Pearson’s correlation (r). The SEM, SDD, and ICC values for inter- and intra-rater reliability were less than 5% and more than 0.8, respectively. Further, the Bland–Altman plot demonstrates that mean differences ± standard deviations for a set limit were 0.30 ± 0.77 mmHg, −0.34 ± 1.41 mmHg and 0.21 ± 0.64 breath per minute (bpm) for CO2, EtCO2 and RR. The findings revealed that the developed device is highly reliable, providing valid measurements for CO2, EtCO2, ICO2 and RR, and can be used in clinical settings for cardiorespiratory assessment. This research also demonstrates that EtCO2 and RR (r, −0.696) are negatively correlated while EtCO2 and activity (r, 0.846) are positively correlated. Thus, simultaneous measurement of these features may possibly assist physicians in understanding the subject’s cardiopulmonary status. In future, the proposed device will be tested with asthmatic patients for use as an early screening tool outside a hospital setting.
Validation of a Commercial Assay and Decision Support Tool for Routine Paclitaxel Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
Authors: Joerger Markus , Kraff Stefanie , Jaehde Ulrich , Hilger Ralf A. , Courtney Jodi B. , Cline Daniel J. , Jog Sonali , Baburina Irina , Miller M. Craig , Salamone Salvatore J. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The value of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for paclitaxel (PTX) was recently demonstrated in the largest TDM trial ever conducted in oncology. The trial demonstrated significant reduction in neuropathy when using TDM. Dose adjustment for PTX was based on time above a threshold concentration (Tc>0.05). Tc>0.05 must be calculated with a pharmacokinetic model and complex nonlinear mixed-effects software. The use of the software and chromatographic methods to measure PTX requires specialized expertise. User-friendly methods to quantitate PTX and calculate Tc>0.05 could simplify the introduction of TDM into routine clinical practice.

Methods:
The immunoassay (MyPaclitaxel) was used to quantitate PTX in samples from the clinical trial; the results were used to calculate Tc>0.05 using a stand-alone computer program with a simple, friendly graphical user interface for nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic calculations (MyCare Drug Exposure Calculator). The resulting dose recommendations from the calculated Tc>0.05 were compared with those using liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection and NONMEM to examine the efficacy of the simpler tools for TDM.

Results:
There was a good agreement between the immunoassay and liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection: Passing–Bablok regression slope was 1.045 and intercept was −6.00, R was 0.9757, and mean bias was −1.77 ng/mL (−2.07 nmol/L). Dosing recommendations were identical for 70% of the cycles and within 10% for 89% of the samples. All Tc>0.05 values were at the same or adjacent medical decision points.

Conclusions:
MyPaclitaxel assay and MyCare Drug Exposure Calculator are convenient, user-friendly tools that may be suitable for routine TDM of PTX in clinical care.
Comparison of Biological Screening and Diagnostic Indicators to Detect In Utero Opiate and Cocaine Exposure Among Mother–Infant Dyads
Authors: Stabler Meagan , Giacobbi Peter , Chertok Ilana , Long Leann , Cottrell Lesley , Yossuck Panitan 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Opioid and cocaine antenatal substance use can result in significant obstetric and pediatric health implications. Accurate detection of in utero–exposed neonates can improve patient care and health outcomes. Therefore, the effectiveness of mother–infant biological and diagnostic indicators collected at labor and delivery to provide accurate detection of in utero opiate and cocaine exposure was assessed.

Methods:
A retrospective medical chart review included 335 mother–infant dyads exposed to antenatal substances who were delivered between January 2009 and March 2014. Mother–infant dyads were a subset of a larger retrospective cohort of 560 substance-using mothers, who had a valid meconium drug screen (MDS) and anesthesia before delivery. Alternative biological and diagnostic indicators of maternal urine drug screens (UDS), maternal substance use International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, and neonatal exposure diagnostic ICD-9-CM codes were compared against MDS. Data were analyzed using classification accuracy measures.

Results:
Compared with MDS, maternal UDS had the highest sensitivity [0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39–0.65] and specificity (0.88, 95% CI, 0.79–0.97) to detect intrauterine opiate exposure. Maternal substance use diagnosis had the highest sensitivity (0.39, 95% CI, 0.16–0.61) and maternal UDS had the highest specificity (1.00, 95% CI, 0.99–1.00) to detect intrauterine cocaine exposure. Cocaine exposure had significantly higher accuracy scores across detection methods compared with opiate exposure.

Conclusions:
Alternative indicators collected at delivery were ineffective at identifying in utero substance exposure, especially neonatal-exposed ICD-9-CM codes. Low sensitivity scores indicate that many exposed neonates could be misdiagnosed or left untreated. Accurate antenatal exposure identification at delivery is an important form of tertiary assessment that warrants the development of improved screening methodology and standardization of hospital biological drug testing.
Immediate Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction for Patients Undergoing Implant-Based Reconstruction or Therapeutic Mammoplasty
Authors: Highton Lyndsey R. , Murphy John A. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
We report a technique of immediate nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction for patients undergoing skin-sparing mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction or therapeutic mammoplasty with central excision.

Methods:
Immediate nipple reconstruction is performed using a modified C-V flap planned along the edge of the incision. The areola is reconstructed using a full-thickness skin graft taken from skin usually discarded during the procedure. Immediate NAC reconstruction using this technique was performed on 32 breasts in 21 patients. This included 19 risk-reducing mastectomies, 9 therapeutic mastectomies, and 2 major revisions to existing implant reconstruction. Reconstruction was direct to implant in 29 breasts and by expander in 1 breast. The device was placed in a pre- or post-pectoral plane utilizing dermal sling and/or acellular dermal matrix as determined on a case-by-case basis. Immediate NAC reconstruction was also performed on 2 patients undergoing therapeutic mammoplasty with central excision.

Results:
Mean follow-up is 12 months (5–27 months), and cosmetic results have been good. There have been no significant complications, and no revisional surgery has been required.

Conclusion:
The application of simple techniques for NAC reconstruction in the primary procedure allows reconstruction of the whole breast in a single stage. There is an immediate focal point to the reconstruction to improve cosmesis, patient satisfaction, and psychosocial function without delay.
Septic Shock following Prostate Biopsy: Aggressive Limb Salvage for Extremities after Pressor-Induced Ischemic Gangrene
Authors: Lu Jocelyn , Elmarsafi Tammer , Lakhiani Chrisovalantis , Sher Sarah R. , Attinger Christopher , Evans Karen K. 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
Vasopressors used to treat patients with septic shock can cause ischemic necrosis of appendages such as the ears and nose, as well as the extremities. Cases of quadruple-extremity necrosis have high morbidity and mortality, and a profound negative impact on quality of life. This case report details the successful limb salvage and return to function using free tissue transfer as a means to salvage bilateral lower extremities in a patient who suffered vasopressor-induced ischemia of upper and lower extremities after prostate biopsy–induced septic shock. Septic shock following transrectal ultrasound–guided prostate biopsy is a rare, yet life-threatening complication. Successful treatment included thorough planning and staging of therapies such as awaiting tissue demarcation and serial surgical debridement to adequately prepare the tissue bed for free tissue transfer. Adjunctive treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative-pressure wound therapy, and meticulous wound care played a crucial role in wound healing. This vigilant planning and coordinated care resulted in the successful lower extremity salvage, consisting of bilateral transmetatarsal amputations and free tissue transfer to both limbs. We present our long-term follow-up of a functional ambulatory patient after catastrophic, life-threatening infection and appropriate multidisciplinary care.
Evaluation of 4 Outcomes Measures in Microtia Treatment: Exposures, Infections, Aesthetics, and Psychosocial Ramifications
Authors: Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Volpicelli Elizabeth J. , Martins Deborah B. , Park Sarah H. , Dubina Emily , Ishiyama Akira , Bradley James P. , Lee Justine C. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
In craniofacial microsomia, microtia and canal atresia pose formidable reconstructive challenges. We review our institutional experience in treating microtia and atresia to identify variables associated with 4 outcomes measures: complications, surgical revisions, aesthetic outcomes, and psychosocial function.

Methods:
Craniofacial microsomia patients treated at the University of California Los Angeles Craniofacial Clinic between 2008 and 2014 greater than 13 years of age (n = 68) were reviewed for microtia and atresia treatment and outcomes.

Results:
In total, 91.2% of patients diagnosed with craniofacial microsomia presented with microtia, affecting 75 ears. Both a male and right-sided predominance were observed. Fifty-six patients (90.3%) underwent autologous external ear reconstruction at an average age of 8.5 years. Age, type of incision, and size of cartilage framework did not predict total number of surgeries or complications. Severity of ear anomalies correlated with increased number of surgeries (P < 0.001) and decreased aesthetic outcomes (P < 0.001) but not complications. In total, 87.1% of patients with microtia had documented hearing loss, of which the majority were conductive and 18.5% were mixed sensorineural and conductive. Hearing deficits were addressed in 70.4% of patients with external hearing aids, bone anchored hearing aids, or canaloplasty. Of all variables, improvement of psychosocial function was correlated only to hearing loss treatment of any type (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
On evaluation of surgical and patient characteristics, severity of microtia predicted the total number of surgical revisions performed and aesthetic ratings. In addition, we found that the only factor that correlated with improved patient and parent-reported psychosocial outcomes was treatment of hearing loss.
Age-Related Changes in Ocular Aberrations and the Yamagata Study (Funagata)
Authors: Namba Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Ryo , Sugano Akira , Murakami Takanori , Nishitsuka Koichi , Kato Takeo , Kayama Takamasa , Yamashita Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Human vision quality is influenced by ocular aberrations, including astigmatism and higher-order aberrations (HOAs), in combination with other optical factors. In this study, we introduce the results and perceptions of previous studies investigating these aberrations. We also introduce our results obtained as part of the Yamagata Study (Funagata), a population-based epidemiologic study. To investigate the astigmatic change with age, researchers have used the power vector analysis, allowing incorporation of the magnitude and axis of astigmatism into statistical analyses. It was found that the axes of refractive astigmatism shift from with-the-rule toward against-the-rule with aging. It was demonstrated that the change in corneal curvature causes this shift. It was further reported that HOA increase is associated with deterioration of visual function. Some authors described that HOA increases with age in adults and that aging disrupts compensation between corneal and internal aberrations. Our study confirmed these results after considering possible confounding factors. HOA decreased from childhood to early adulthood and then increased with age, as modeled by a second-order polynomial regression. It is possible that the reduction in HOA is involved in emmetropization. In addition to age, HOA is known to be influenced by several factors, including pupil diameter, accommodation, and pupil shift. Although HOA increases with aging, the increase may be compensated by decreasing the pupil diameter. Better understanding of the causes of optical alterations with aging will improve the maintenance of vision quality.
Trajectories of pain severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes cohort
Authors: Shiff Natalie J. , Tupper Susan , Oen Kiem , Guzman Jaime , Lim Hyun , Lee Chel Hee , Bryce Rhonda , Huber Adam M. , Boire Gilles , Dancey Paul , Feldman Brian , Laxer Ronald , Miettunen Paivi , Schmeling Heinrike , Watanabe Duffy Karen , Levy Deborah M. , Turvey Stuart , Bolaria Roxana , Bruns Alessandra , Cabral David A. , Campillo Sarah , Chédeville Gaëlle , Feldman Debbie Ehrmann , Haddad Elie , Houghton Kristin , Johnson Nicole , Jurencak Roman , Lang Bianca , Larche Maggie , Morishita Kimberly , Ramsey Suzanne , Roth Johannes , Schneider Rayfel , Scuccimarri Rosie , Spiegel Lynn , Stringer Elizabeth , Tse Shirley M. , Yeung Rae , Duffy Ciarán M. , Tucker Lori B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We studied children enrolled within 90 days of juvenile idiopathic arthritis diagnosis in the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes (ReACCh-Out) prospective inception cohort to identify longitudinal trajectories of pain severity and features that may predict pain trajectory at diagnosis. A total of 1062 participants were followed a median of 24.3 months (interquartile range = 16.0-37.1 months). Latent trajectory analysis of pain severity, measured in a 100-mm visual analogue scale, identified 5 distinct trajectories: (1) mild-decreasing pain (56.2% of the cohort); (2) moderate-decreasing pain (28.6%); (3) chronically moderate pain (7.4%); (4) minimal pain (4.0%); and (5) mild-increasing pain (3.7%). Mean disability and quality of life scores roughly paralleled the pain severity trajectories. At baseline, children with chronically moderate pain, compared to those with moderate-decreasing pain, were older (mean 10.0 vs 8.5 years, P = 0.01) and had higher active joint counts (mean 10.0 vs 7.2 joints, P = 0.06). Children with mild-increasing pain had lower joint counts than children with mild-decreasing pain (2.3 vs 5.2 joints, P < 0.001). Although most children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in this cohort had mild or moderate initial levels of pain that decreased quickly, about 1 in 10 children had concerning pain trajectories (chronically moderate pain and mild-increasing pain). Systematic periodic assessment of pain severity in the months after diagnosis may help identify these concerning pain trajectories early and lay out appropriate pain management plans. Focused research into the factors leading to these concerning trajectories may help prevent them.
Pyrethroids inhibit K2P channels and activate sensory neurons: basis of insecticide-induced paraesthesias
Authors: Castellanos Aida , Andres Alba , Bernal Laura , Callejo Gerard , Comes Nuria , Gual Arcadi , Giblin Jonathan P. , Roza Carolina , Gasull Xavier 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for pest control in agriculture or in human public health commonly as a topical treatment for scabies and head lice. Exposure to pyrethroids such as permethrin or tetramethrin (TM) causes sensory alterations such as transient pain, burning, stinging sensations, and paraesthesias. Despite the well-known effects of pyrethroids on sodium channels, actions on other channels that control sensory neuron excitability are less studied. Given the role of 2-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels in modulating sensory neuron excitability and firing, both in physiological and pathological conditions, we examined the effect of pyrethroids on K2P channels mainly expressed in sensory neurons. Through electrophysiological and calcium imaging experiments, we show that a high percentage of TM-responding neurons were nociceptors, which were also activated by TRPA1 and/or TRPV1 agonists. This pyrethroid also activated and enhanced the excitability of peripheral saphenous nerve fibers. Pyrethroids produced a significant inhibition of native TRESK, TRAAK, TREK-1, and TREK-2 currents. Similar effects were found in transfected HEK293 cells. At the behavioral level, intradermal TM injection in the mouse paw produced nocifensive responses and caused mechanical allodynia, demonstrating that the effects seen on nociceptors in culture lead to pain-associated behaviors in vivo. In TRESK knockout mice, pain-associated behaviors elicited by TM were enhanced, providing further evidence for a role of this channel in preventing excessive neuronal activation. Our results indicate that inhibition of K2P channels facilitates sensory neuron activation and increases their excitability. These effects contribute to the generation of paraesthesias and pain after pyrethroid exposure.
Implications of GLAGOV study
Authors: Nicholls Stephen J. , Puri Rishi 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition has emerged as a novel approach to lowering levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The impact of PCSK9 inhibition in statin-treated patients on coronary atherosclerosis had remained unknown.

Recent findings
The GLAGOV trial compared the effect of the PCSK9 inhibitor, evolocumab, and placebo on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients treated with at least moderate intensity statin therapy. Predictable lowering of LDL-C with evolocumab (36.6 versus 93.0 mg/dl) associated with significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis. A direct relationship was observed between achieved LDL-C levels and disease progression.

Summary
Addition of evolocumab to statin therapy produces incremental regression of plaque regression in patients with established coronary artery disease. This finding provides a biological rationale for the reported beneficial effects of evolocumab on cardiovascular events.
Presence of Human Herpesvirus 6B in the Pancreas of Subjects With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ericsson Maja , Skog Oskar 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) A and B in human pancreata and to search for signs of active infection in this organ of subjects with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods
Pancreata from brain-dead organ donors with and without T1D were examined for the presence of HHV6 genomic sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcripts by reverse transcriptase–PCR, and protein by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR of isolated pancreatic islets and exocrine cell clusters was used to determine the intrapancreatic location of HHV6 DNA.

Results
Human herpesvirus 6B genomic sequences were present in 1 of 2 donors who died of acute-onset T1D, 4 of 6 donors with long-standing T1D, and 9 of 12 nondiabetic donors. Higher copy numbers of HHV6B DNA were present in isolated islets than in exocrine tissue from the same donors. No signs of active HHV6 transcription were found. Human herpesvirus 6A was not present in any tested pancreas.

Conclusions
The herein presented data demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of a latent HHV6B infection in the pancreas and islets of Langerhans. Whether this virus can contribute to disease in the pancreas remains to be determined.