bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of phase transition on electrocaloric effect in lead‐free (Ba0.9Ca0.1)(Ti1−xZrx)O3 ceramics
Authors: Nie Xin , Yan Shiguang , Guo Shaobo , Cao Fei , Yao Chunhua , Mao Chaoliang , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of phase evolution on polarization change and electrocaloric response in lead‐free (Ba0.9Ca0.1)(Ti1−xZrx)O3 ceramics (BCTZ) was systematically investigated. With increasing Zr/Ti ratio, the phase structure and phase transition behavior were greatly changed, resulting in various temperature and electric field dependence of electrocaloric responses. For x=0.05, a peak electrocaloric temperature change 1.64 K (at 130°C) and corresponding entropy change 1.78 J·kg−1·K−1 were obtained for 0‐7 kV·mm−1 electric field. Negative electrocaloric temperature change in −0.1 K was obtained below Curie temperature (Tc), which may be induced by the orthorhombic‐tetragonal ferroelectric phase transition. With the increase in x, the peak value of the electrocaloric response decreased but much better temperature stability was observed. Simultaneously the negative electrocaloric response gradually disappeared with the disappearance of the low temperature ferroelectric‐ferroelectric phase transition. For x=0.2, electrocaloric response showed good temperature stability ranging from room temperature to 130°C, attributing to the relaxor ferroelectric feature.
Applying species distribution modelling to a data poor, pelagic fish complex: the ocean sunfishes
Authors: Phillips Natasha D. , Reid Neil , Thys Tierney , Harrod Chris , Payne Nicholas L. , Morgan Cheryl A. , White Hannah J. , Porter Siobhán , Houghton Jonathan D.R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimConservation management of vulnerable species requires detailed knowledge of their spatial and temporal distribution patterns. Within this context, species distribution modelling (SDM) can provide insights into the spatial ecology of rarely encountered species and is used here to explore the distribution pattern of ocean sunfishes (Mola molaandM. ramsayi). Both species are prone to high levels of bycatch and are classified respectively as Globally Vulnerable and Not Assessed by theIUCN; although their overall range and drivers of distribution remain poorly defined. Here, we constructed suitable habitat models forMolaspp. on a global scale and considered how these change seasonally to provide a much needed baseline for future management.LocationGlobal.MethodsSighting records collected between 2000 and 2015 were used to buildSDMs and provided the first global overview of sunfish seasonal distribution. Post hoc analyses provided a quantitative assessment of seasonal changes in total range extent and latitudinal shifts in suitable habitat.ResultsMolais a widely distributed genus; however, sightings exhibited significant spatial clustering most notably in coastal regions.SDMs suggested thatMolapresence was strongly dependent on sea surface temperatures with highest probability of presence between 16 and 23°C. The models identified significant variation in seasonal range extent with latitudinal shifts throughout the year; although large areas of suitable year‐round habitat exist globally.Main conclusionsWe provided the first assessment ofMoladistribution on a global scale, with evidence of a wide latitudinal range and significant clustering in localized “hotspots” (notably between 40–50°N). By assessing the results ofSDMs alongside evidence from published satellite tagging studies, we suggest that the species within the genusMolaare highly mobile, acting as facultative seasonal migrants. By identifying key suitable habitat alongside potential movement paths, this study provides a baseline that can be used in active conservation management of the genus.
Fire and cattle disturbance affects vegetation structure and rain forest expansion into savanna in the Australian monsoon tropics
Authors: Ondei Stefania , Prior Lynda D. , Vigilante Tom , Bowman David M.J.S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsTo detect changes in area and vegetation dynamics of monsoon rain forests in relation to disturbance and an observed wetting trend.LocationThe Mitchell Plateau and the Bougainville Peninsula (north Kimberley, Australia).MethodsGeo‐rectified aerial photographs acquired in 1949 and 1969 and a pre‐existing map from 2005 were used to detect changes in rain forest boundaries. To ground‐truth rain forest expansion, we established 20 transects running across rain forest‐savanna boundaries and recorded plant species, stand basal area, grass and rock cover, cattle impact, and canopy cover. Generalised linear models and Akaike's information criterion were used to detect differences in these variables between locations.ResultsOn the Bougainville Peninsula average fire frequency was low (0.11 per year) and cattle entirely absent, while on the Mitchell Plateau average fire frequency was high (0.58 per year), and cattle were common and associated with lower seedling density in savannas. Rain forests expanded more on the Bougainville Peninsula (69%), where patches were bigger and more convoluted, than on the Mitchell Plateau (9%). Rain forest expansion was positively associated with rainfall and topographic complexity, and on level terrain it occurred only on the Bougainville Peninsula. Rain forests were floristically and structurally similar in the two locations, while savannas on the Bougainville Peninsula had denser vegetation and more abundant rain forest elements. The frequency distribution of canopy cover was bimodal on the Mitchell Plateau, signalling the presence of two distinct vegetation states, and unimodal on the Bougainville Peninsula, consistent with the blending of the two states.Main conclusionsWetting trends are likely strong drivers of rain forest expansion, but at a landscape scale their effect is probably modulated by fire activity and the presence of mega‐herbivores, which may also be pivotal in maintaining sharp floristic and structural distinctions between rain forests and savannas.
Polygenic scores for schizophrenia and educational attainment are associated with behavioural problems in early childhood in the general population
Authors: Jansen Philip R. , Polderman Tinca J.C. , Bolhuis Koen , van der Ende Jan , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Verhulst Frank C. , White Tonya , Posthuma Danielle , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundGenome‐wide association studies in adults have identified numerous genetic variants related to psychiatric disorders and related traits, such as schizophrenia and educational attainment. However, the effects of these genetic variants on behaviour in the general population remain to be fully understood, particularly in younger populations. We investigated whether polygenic scores of five psychiatric disorders and educational attainment are related to emotional and behaviour problems during early childhood.MethodsFrom the Generation R Study, we included participants with available genotype data and behavioural problems measured with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at the age of 3 (n = 1,902), 6 (n = 2,202) and 10 years old (n = 1,843). Polygenic scores were calculated for five psychiatric disorders and educational attainment. These polygenic scores were tested for an association with the broadband internalizing and externalizing problem scales and the specific CBCL syndrome scale scores.ResultsAnalysis of the CBCL broadband scales showed that the schizophrenia polygenic score was associated with significantly higher internalizing scores at 3, 6 and 10 years and higher externalizing scores at age 3 and 6. The educational attainment polygenic score was associated with lower externalizing scores at all time points and lower internalizing scores at age 3. No associations were observed for the polygenic scores of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Secondary analyses of specific syndrome scores showed that the schizophrenia polygenic score was strongly related to the Thought Problems scores. A negative association was observed between the educational attainment polygenic score and Attention Problems scores across all age groups.ConclusionsPolygenic scores for adult psychiatric disorders and educational attainment are associated with variation in emotional and behavioural problems already at a very early age.
Translation and validation of the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale in Hong Kong primary care patients
Authors: Lee Kam Pui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often delay the initiation or titration of insulin treatment due to psychological factors. This phenomenon is referred to as psychological insulin resistance (PIR). The Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS) is a 20‐item instrument for assessing PIR. A previous Chinese version of the ITAS (C‐ITAS) was found to be subject to problems arising from its translation. The present study aimed to translate and validate this instrument, which will facilitate research and aid in counseling in a clinical setting.Materials and MethodsThe C‐ITAS was modified to develop the Hong Kong version of the C‐ITAS (C‐ITAS‐HK) according to published guidelines for the translation of transcultural research. A total of 328 diabetes mellitus patients who were followed‐up in 10 different publically funded primary care outpatient clinics were recruited for self‐administration of the C‐ITAS‐HK. Demographic data were recorded, and clinical data (e.g., presence of diabetes mellitus complications) were obtained from case records. The C‐ITAS‐HK results were subjected to psychometric analysis, including the assessment of Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis and test–retest reliability.ResultsFactor analysis supported a two‐factor structure with good internal consistency (whole scale 0.846, negative subscale 0.882, positive subscale 0.619). The test–retest reliability correlation coefficients for all items were positive, at 0.871, 0.782, and 0.692 for the whole scale, negative subscale and positive subscale, respectively. The ITAS scores differed significantly between participants with PIR and those without in the expected direction, suggesting good discriminant validity.ConclusionsThe C‐ITAS‐HK is a valid tool for measuring and assessing PIR in the Hong Kong primary care diabetes mellitus population.
Diphenylcyclopropenone for the treatment of cutaneous in‐transit melanoma metastases – results of a prospective, non‐randomized, single‐centre study
Authors: Read T. , Webber S. , Tan J. , Wagels M. , Schaider H. , Soyer H.P. , Smithers B.M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundCurrent treatments for in‐transit melanoma (ITM) metastases are frequently invasive and do not improve overall survival. Recently, there has been increasing investigation into the use of topical agents. Diphenylcyclopropenone or diphencyprone (DPCP) is a novel, topical therapy that has been reported to have immune‐sensitizing properties useful in the treatment of ITM.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical outcomes of patients treated within a prospective, non‐randomized, non‐comparative study using DPCP for cutaneous ITM metastases.MethodsA review was conducted assessing the outcomes of 58 patients prospectively treated using DPCP. Patients had satellite or in‐transit disease (stage IIIB+), with all lesion morphology types included. The patients were treated through a single, specialized clinic with regular outpatient follow‐up. DPCP was topically applied as an aqueous cream in 0.005–1% concentrations once to twice per week for up to 24–48 h of duration. To assess variables associated with response, a per‐protocol statistical analysis was performed.ResultsFifty‐four patients were treated who satisfied eligibility criteria for analysis. The overall response rates were as follows: complete response 22%, partial response 39%, stable disease 24% and progressive disease 15%. The mean time to complete response was 10.5 months, mean duration (disease‐free interval) 12.3 months and recurrence rate in complete responders 41%. Lesion morphology was predictive of clinical benefit with a higher response in epidermotropic disease (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDPCP provided a well‐tolerated, convenient and efficacious treatment for cutaneous ITM metastases. Identifying patterns of response may assist treatment selection and improve patient‐rated outcomes.
Molecular mechanisms of experience‐dependent maturation in cortical GABAergic inhibition
Authors: Begum M. Ridzwana , Sng Judy C. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCritical periods (CP) in early post‐natal life are periods of plasticity during which the neuronal circuitry is most receptive to environmental stimuli. These early experiences translate to a more permanent and sophisticated neuronal connection in the adult brain systems. Multiple studies have pointed to the development of inhibitory circuitry as one of the central factors for the onset of critical periods. We discuss several molecular mechanisms regulating inhibitory circuit maturation and CP, from gene transcription level to protein signaling level. Also, beyond the level of gene sequences, we briefly consider recent information on dynamic epigenetic regulation of gene expression through histone methylation and acetylation and their implication on timed development of the inhibitory circuitry for the onset of CP.image
Changes in kynurenine pathway metabolism in Parkinson patients with L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Havelund Jesper F. , Andersen Andreas D. , Binzer Michael , Blaabjerg Morten , Heegaard Niels H.H. , Stenager Egon , Færgeman Nils J. , Gramsbergen Jan Bert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractL‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) is the most effective drug in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease, but chronic use is associated with L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in more than half the patients after 10 years of treatment. L‐DOPA treatment may affect tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway. Altered levels of kynurenine metabolites can affect glutamatergic transmission and may play a role in the development of L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. In this study, we assessed kynurenine metabolites in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients and controls. Parkinson patients (n = 26) were clinically assessed for severity of motor symptoms (UPDRS) and L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia (UDysRS). Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected after overnight fasting and 1–2 h after intake of L‐DOPA or other anti‐Parkinson medication. Metabolites were analyzed in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of controls (n = 14), Parkinson patients receiving no L‐DOPA (n = 8), patients treated with L‐DOPA without dyskinesia (n = 8), and patients with L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia (n = 10) using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. We observed approximately fourfold increase in the 3‐hydroxykynurenine/kynurenic acid ratio in plasma of Parkinson's patients with L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. Anthranilic acid levels were decreased in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of this patient group. 5‐Hydroxytryptophan levels were twofold increased in all L‐DOPA‐treated Parkinson's patients. We conclude that a higher 3‐hydroxykynurenine/kynurenic acid ratio in plasma may serve as a biomarker for L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. Longitudinal studies including larger patients cohorts are needed to verify whether the changes observed here may serve as a prognostic marker for L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia.
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Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) over‐expression induces major modifications of striatal cholinergic interneuron morphology and function
Authors: Janickova Helena , Prado Vania F. , Prado Marco A. M. , El Mestikawy Salah , Bernard Véronique 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStriatal cholinergic interneurons (CIN) are pivotal for the regulation of the striatal network. Acetylcholine (ACh) released by CIN is centrally involved in reward behavior as well as locomotor or cognitive functions. Recently, BAC transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) protein under the control of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter (ChAT–ChR2) and displaying almost 50 extra copies of the VAChT gene were used to dissect cholinergic circuit connectivity and function using optogenetic approaches. These mice display over‐expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and increased cholinergic tone. Consequently, ChAT–ChR2 mice are a valuable model to investigate hypercholinergic phenotypes. Previous experiments established that ChAT–ChR2 mice display an increased sensitivity to amphetamine induced‐locomotor activity and stereotypes. In the present report, we analyzed the impact of VAChT over‐expression in the striatum of ChAT‐ChR2 mice. ChAT‐ChR2 mice displayed increased locomotor sensitization in response to low dose of cocaine. In addition, we observed a dramatic remodeling of the morphology of CIN in ChAT‐ChR2 transgenic mice. VAChT immunolabeling was markedly enhanced in the soma and terminal of CIN from ChAT‐ChR2 mice as previously shown (Crittenden et al. 2014). Interestingly, the number of cholinergic varicosities was markedly reduced (−87%) whereas their size was significantly increased (+177%). Moreover, VAChT over‐expression dramatically modified its trafficking along the somatodendritic and axonal arbor. These findings demonstrate that ChAT–ChR2 mice present major alterations of CIN neuronal morphology and increased behavioral sensitization to cocaine, supporting the notion that the increased levels of VAChT observed in these mice make them fundamentally different from wild‐type mice.
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Different patterns of expression of cell cycle control and local invasion‐related proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma affecting young patients
Authors: Miranda Galvis Marisol , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Freitas Jardim Juscelino , Paiva Fonseca Felipe , Lopes Marcio A. , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Lópes Pinto Clóvis A. , Kaminagakura Estela , Sawazaki‐Calone Iris , Speight Paul M. , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) predominantly affects males in the fifth decade of life; nevertheless, an increased incidence in young patients has been reported worldwide, and the clinical and behavioral characteristics of tumors in this group are controversial, and the literature shows divergent results.PurposeTo investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of the immunoexpression of cell cycle and local invasion proteins in OSCC affecting young patients (≤40 years old).MethodsA tissue microarray was performed with 132 OSCC samples (61 cases of young patients vs 71 cases of elderly patients) and submitted to immunohistochemical reactions with Ki67, p53, p16, Bcl‐2, Cyclin D1, C‐ErbB2, p21, Myc, EGFR, MMP‐9, SMA, Cathepsin K and FGF‐2 antibodies.ResultsClinicopathological features and survival rates were similar in both groups. Although overexpression of EGFR (P=.042) and MMP‐9 (P=.001) was more frequent in young patients, only C‐ErbB‐2 (P=.048) and SMA (P=.048) expression correlated with lower disease‐free survival (DFS) in this group of patients.ConclusionClinicopathological features and survival rates are similar between younger and older patients with OSCC. The different patterns of C‐ErbB2, EGFR, MMP‐9, and SMA expression between the groups merits further investigation to understand their role in the early tumor onset in young patients.
Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on consumer liking and wellbeing perception of two regular and probiotic milk products
Authors: Oliveira Denize , Ares Gastón , Deliza Rosires 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the regular and probiotic version of two milk products on consumer overall liking and perceived wellbeing. In Study 1, consumers evaluated milk samples with different label design. In Study 2, consumers evaluated samples of chocolate flavored milk differing in sugar content and nutrition information. In both studies, consumers rated their overall liking and completed a check‐all‐that‐apply question composed of expressions related to different dimensions of wellbeing. Overall liking scores were significantly affected by the sensory characteristics of samples but not by the characteristics of the labels. In Study 2, the highest average overall liking scores were found for samples with high sugar content (6.2 vs. 6.0). The frequency with which consumers used some of the wellbeing terms was influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic variables. In Study 1, the term “It is nutritious” was significantly more used to described probiotic milk compared to regular milk. In Study 2, sugar content and the information included on the labels influenced the frequency of use of terms related to physical and psychological wellbeing, such as “It is good for wellbeing” and “It makes me feel guilty.”Practical applicationsAlthough hedonic aspects of food consumption are major determinants of consumer food choices, results from the present work showed that consumer perceived wellbeing enabled the discrimination of samples that did not significantly differ in their overall liking scores. This suggests that wellbeing measurements can provide complementary information about consumer perception of food products to overall liking scores.
Assessment of genetic diversity of coffee leaf rust pathogen Hemileia vastatrix using SRAP markers
Authors: Kosaraju Bharathi , Sannasi Soundararajan , Mishra Manoj Kumar , Subramani Daivasikamani , Bychappa Muniswamy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCoffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix (Berk and Br.) is a major disease occurring in coffee plantations. Although the rust fungus exists in different physiological races, the genetic difference between them is meagrely understood. In this study, genetic diversity of 14 identified and two unidentified leaf rust races was determined by sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Of 48 SRAP primer pairs tested, 35 primers are polymorphic and generated 347 distinct scorable fragments. The number of fragments ranged from 4 to 18 with a mean of 9.97 fragments per primer combination. Of the total 347 amplified fragments, 185 fragments (53.31%) are polymorphic with an average of 5.41 fragments per primer combination. The average resolving power (Rp) and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 35 SRAP primer combinations were 13.60 and 0.356, respectively. Of 35 SRAP primer pairs, 15 primer pairs were more informative and generated 25 unique fragments, which are useful for race discrimination. The study demonstrated the existence of genetic variability among various leaf rust races and this information will be helpful in coffee breeding programmes.