bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humeral Lengthening with the PRECICE Magnetic Lengthening Nail
Authors: Hammouda Ahmed I. , Standard Shawn C. , Robert Rozbruch S. , Herzenberg John E. 
Published: April 2017

Background Different types of external fixators have been used for humeral lengthening with successful outcomes reported in literature. Motorized intramedullary (IM) lengthening nails have been developed as an alternative to external fixators for long bone lengthening in the lower extremity. Questions/Purposes This case series reports on using the new technology of IM lengthening nails for humeral lengthening. We assessed the radiological healing and functional outcomes after using the PRECICE IM nail for humeral lengthening. Methods This multicenter retrospective study included a total of six humeri in five patients (mean age was 20 years) that underwent lengthening with the magnetic IM PRECICE nail in two centers in the USA. The etiology was humeral growth arrest post-bone cyst (two segments), post-septic growth arrest (two segments), and multiple hereditary exostosis (bilateral segments in one patient). The outcomes measured were the length achieved, distraction index (DI; the length achieved in mm divided by the duration of lengthening in days), consolidation index (CI; number of days from surgery until consolidation divided by the length of the regenerate in cm), complications encountered, and functional outcomes (shoulder and elbow range of motion, the upper extremity functional index (UEFI), and QuickDASH functional scores). Results The mean follow-up period was 1.8 years (0.9 to 2.4 years). All segments achieved the goal of lengthening; the mean was 5.1 cm (4.5 to 5.8 cm). Mean DI was 0.7 mm/day (0.5 to 0.8). Mean CI was 36 days/cm (25 to 45 days/cm). No complications were observed. At the last follow-up, all patients maintained their preoperative range of motion (ROM) except one patient had reduced shoulder ROM. QuickDASH score and upper extremity functional index showed postoperative improvement compared to the preoperative scores. Conclusion IM lengthening nails can provide successful and safe humeral lengthening. Specifically, the PRECICE nail has accurate control over the lengthening process.
Comparison of human erythrocyte purine nucleotide metabolism and blood purine and pyrimidine degradation product concentrations before and after acute exercise in trained and sedentary subjects
Authors: Dudzinska Wioleta , Suska M. , Lubkowska A. , Jakubowska K. , Olszewska M. , Safranow K. , Chlubek D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the concentration of erythrocyte purine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP) in trained and sedentary subjects before and after maximal physical exercise together with measuring the activity of purine metabolism enzymes as well as the concentration of purine (hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid) and pyrimidine (uridine) degradation products in blood. The study included 15 male elite rowers [mean age 24.3 ± 2.56 years; maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 52.8 ± 4.54 mL/kg/min; endurance and strength training 8.2 ± 0.33 h per week for 6.4 ± 2.52 years] and 15 sedentary control subjects (mean age 23.1 ± 3.41 years; VO2max 43.2 ± 5.20 mL/kg/min). Progressive incremental exercise testing until refusal to continue exercising was conducted on a bicycle ergometer. The concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP and the activities of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPP-S) were determined in erythrocytes. The concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid and uridine were determined in the whole blood before exercise, after exercise, and 30 min after exercise testing. The study demonstrated a significantly higher concentration of ATP in the erythrocytes of trained subjects which, in part, may be explained by higher metabolic activity on the purine re-synthesis pathway (significantly higher PRPP-S, APRT and HGPRT activities). The ATP concentration, just as the ATP/ADP ratio, as well as an exercise-induced increase in this ratio, correlates with the VO2max level in these subjects which allows them to be considered as the important factors characterising physical capacity and exercise tolerance. Maximal physical exercise in the group of trained subjects results not only in a lower post-exercise increase in the concentration of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid but also in that of uridine. This indicates the possibility of performing high-intensity work with a lower loss of not only purine but also pyrimidine.
The Marriage Wealth Premium Revisited: Gender Disparities and Within-Individual Changes in Personal Wealth in Germany
Authors: Lersch Philipp M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examines the association between marriage and economic wealth of women and men. Going beyond previous research that focused on household wealth, I examine personal wealth, which allows identifying gender disparities in the association between marriage and wealth. Using unique data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002, 2007, and 2012), I apply random-effects and fixed-effects regression models to test my expectations. I find that both women and men experience substantial marriage wealth premiums not only in household wealth but also in personal wealth. However, I do not find consistent evidence for gender disparities in these general marriage premiums. Additional analyses indicate, however, that women’s marriage premiums are substantially lower than men’s premiums in older cohorts and when only nonhousing wealth is considered. Overall, this study provides new evidence that women and men gain unequally in their wealth attainment through marriage.
Resolved Parental Infertility and Children’s Educational Achievement
Authors: Branigan Amelia R. , Helgertz Jonas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Although difficulty conceiving a child has long been a major medical and social preoccupation, it has not been considered as a predictor of long-term outcomes in children ultimately conceived. This is consistent with a broader gap in knowledge regarding the consequences of parental health for educational performance in offspring. Here we address that omission, asking how resolved parental infertility relates to children’s academic achievement. In a sample of all Swedish births between 1988 and 1995, we find that involuntary childlessness prior to either a first or a second birth is associated with lower academic achievement (both test scores and GPA) in children at age 16, even if the period of infertility was prior to a sibling’s birth rather than the child’s own. Our results support a conceptualization of infertility as a cumulative physical and social experience with effects extending well beyond the point at which a child is born, and emphasize the need to better understand how specific parental health conditions constrain children’s educational outcomes.
Sexual dysfunction and central obesity in patients with first episode psychosis
Authors: Theleritis C. , Bonaccorso S. , Habib N. , Stahl D. , Gaughran F. , Vitoratou S. , Atakan Z. , Kolliakou A. , Gardner Sood P. , Dazzan P. , Marques T.R. , McGuire P. , Greenwood K. , Eberhard J. , Breedvelt J. , Ferracuti S. , Di Forti M. , Murray R.M. , Smith S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years the association between sexual dysfunction (SD) and obesity in the general population has drawn major attention. Although sexual dysfunction is common in psychosis, its relationship with weight gain and obesity remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the association between sexual dysfunction and obesity in a cohort of patients with first episode psychosis.MethodSexual function was assessed in a cohort of patients with first episode psychosis using the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ). Anthropometric measures, including weight, BMI, waist, waist–hip ratio were investigated. Additionally, leptin and testosterone were investigated in male patients.ResultsA total of 116 patients (61 males and 55 females) were included. Of these 59% of males and 67.3% of females showed sexual dysfunction (SD) according to the SFQ. In males, higher SFQ scores were significantly correlated with higher BMI (Std. β = 0.36,P= 0.01), higher leptin levels (Std. β = 0.34,P= 0.02), higher waist–hip ratio (Std. β = 0.32,P= 0.04) and lower testosterone levels (Std. β = −0.44,P= 0.002). In contrast, in females, SFQ scores were not associated with any of these factors.ConclusionsWhile sexual dysfunction is present in both female and male patients with their first episode of psychosis, only in males is sexual dysfunction associated with increased BMI and waist–hip ratio. The association between SD, BMI, low levels of testosterone and high levels of leptin suggest that policies that lead to healthier diets and more active lifestyles can be beneficial at least, to male patients.
2D wavelet transform data compression with error level guarantee for Z-map models
Authors: Umezu Nobuyuki , Yokota Keisuke , Inui Masatomo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMost of workpiece shapes in NC milling simulations are in Z-map representations that require a very large amount of data to precisely hold a high resolution model. An irreversible compression algorithm for Z-map models using a two-dimensional Haar wavelet transform is proposed to resolve this tight memory situation for an ordinary PC. A shape model is first transformed by using Haar wavelet to build a wavelet synopsis tree while the maximum errors caused by virtually truncating high-frequency components are simultaneously calculated. The total amount of the shape data can be reduced by truncating particular sections of the wavelet components that satisfy the error threshold given by the user. Our algorithm guarantees that any error due to its irreversible compression processes is smaller than the specified level measured against the original model. A series of experiments were conducted using an Apple iMac with a 3.2 GHz CPU and 8 GB of memory. The experiments were performed with 16 sample shape models on 512×512 to 8192×8192 grids to evaluate the compression efficiency of the proposed method. Experimental results confirmed that our compression algorithm requires approximately 20–30 ms for 512×512 models and 7 s for 8192×8192 models under a maximum error level of 10× 10−6 m (a typical criteria for NC milling simulations). The compressed binaries outputted by the proposed method are generally 25–35% smaller than the baseline results by gzip, one of common reversible compression libraries, while these two methods require almost the same level of computational costs.Highlights Discarding diagonal components in WT significantly reduces data amount. The proposed method outperforms a reversible method by 25–35% in size reduction. Most of computational time is consumed by the reversible compression step. The proposed method compresses 5122 models in 20 ms, 81922 models in 7 s.
Triage and the Lost Art of Decoding Vital Signs: Restoring Physiologically Based Triage Skills in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTriage management remains a major challenge, especially in resource-poor settings such as war, complex humanitarian emergencies, and public health emergencies in developing countries. In triage it is often the disruption of physiology, not anatomy, that is critical, supporting triage methodology based on clinician-assessed physiological parameters as well as anatomy and mechanism of injury. In recent times, too many clinicians from developed countries have deployed to humanitarian emergencies without the physical exam skills needed to assess patients without the benefit of remotely fed electronic monitoring, laboratory, and imaging studies. In triage, inclusion of the once-widely accepted and collectively taught “art of decoding vital signs” with attention to their character and meaning may provide clues to a patient’s physiological state, improving triage sensitivity. Attention to decoding vital signs is not a triage methodology of its own or a scoring system, but rather a skill set that supports existing triage methodologies. With unique triage management challenges being raised by an ever-changing variety of humanitarian crises, these once useful skill sets need to be revisited, understood, taught, and utilized by triage planners, triage officers, and teams as a necessary adjunct to physiologically based triage decision-making. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:76–85)
In pursuit of non-Western deep secularities: selfhood and the “Westphalia moment” in Turkish literary milieux
Authors: Büyükokutan Barış 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article traces Charles Taylor’s “secularity three” outside the West, finding that it was present among poets but not among novelists in twentieth-century Turkey. It explains this contrast between these two very similar groups by using network analysis, highlighting the greater availability, in poetry networks, of nonpious gatekeepers to aspiring pious actors, following an initial long period of religious conflict. In order to benefit from association with these gatekeepers, pious actors learned to split their selves into two, committing themselves simultaneously to their absolutist faith and to its practical impossibility in a secular age. If and when the prospect of cross-fertilization waned, however, they would effortlessly switch back to their earlier subjectivity. Pious novelists, by contrast, underwent no such learning process. Based on these findings, I argue, first, that the study of the secular must pay greater attention to religious conflict and the ways in which it is resolved, and second, that it must consider balancing itslongue-duréeapproach with an eventful focus.
The reemergence of İstanbul’s film industry: a path-dependence perspective
Authors: Öz Özlem , Özkaracalar Kaya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes the reemergence of the film industry in İstanbul since the mid-1990s. In exploring the industrial and spatial dynamics of this process of reemergence, we employ the perspective of path dependence, conducted with the aid of historical analysis and in-depth interviews with the key actors of the sector. By zooming in on the details of this industry’s reemergence, we uncover the specifics of the process of revival in terms of both the industry itself and of location. Analysis of the industry reveals the impact on the revival of İstanbul’s film sector of system-wide developments, the key roles played by the advertising and television sectors, and entrepreneurial initiatives. Analysis of location, on the other hand, reveals that, following the collapse of Yeşilçam—the historical center of İstanbul’s film industry—two new clusters have emerged, one located in the vicinity of the old center (Beyoğlu) and the other in a rising commercial district (Levent).
The Ottoman institution of petitioning when the sultan no longer reigned: a view from post-1908 Ottoman Palestine
Authors: Ben-Bassat Yuval 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Young Turk Revolution of 1908 helped transform the time-honored Ottoman petitioning system. The reinstatement of parliamentary life, the reintroduction of the suspended constitution of 1876, and the lifting of the ban on the press and political action all generated profound political and social changes. Subjects’ petitions reflected these changes vividly and in often surprising detail. As the sultan became a figurehead with little actual power, petitions which hitherto had been addressed to the sultan either directly or through the grand vizier and had requested his benevolence and mercy, while also granting him much needed legitimacy, now began to be sent instead to the Council of State (Şura-yı Devlet), the parliament, and various government ministries. Their content changed as well, as will be shown in this article through an analysis of dozens of petitions from Ottoman Palestine. Petitions now sought to obtain political rights and ensure civil equity and constitutional rights. In focusing on rights, the rule of law, and the deficiencies of the former system, the petitions echoed changes in popular discourse and mirrored the transformation from justice as a sultanic prerogative to constitutional and civil law.
Resolve, Time, and Risk
Authors: Kertzer Joshua D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhy do some actors in international politics display remarkable persistence in wartime, while others “cut and run” at the first sign of trouble? I offer a behavioral theory of resolve, suggesting that variation in time and risk preferences can help explain why some actors display more resolve than others. I test the theory experimentally in the context of public opinion about military interventions. The results not only help explain why certain types of costs of war loom larger for certain types of actors but also shed light on some of the behavioral revolution's contributions more broadly.
The Micro-Foundations of International Relations Theory: Psychology and Behavioral Economics
Authors: Stein Janice Gross 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlmost forty years ago, a small group of scholars drew on cognitive psychology to explain anomalous patterns of behavior by leaders on issues of international security. Although it made significant contributions to theory and research, that scholarship did not diffuse broadly into the field. Drawing on concepts in psychology and behavioral economics, research that uses new methods is now producing a wave of scholarship in international relations exemplified by the work in this special issue. Analysis of the use of prospect theory over the last three decades identifies the scope conditions that enable the predictions of rational choice and psychological theories. These scope conditions motivate the focus on the heterogeneity of decision makers that is at the core of current contributions. Future research will move beyond the now-sterile debate between rational choice and psychology.
Emotions and the Micro-Foundations of Commitment Problems
Authors: Renshon Jonathan , Lee Julia J. , Tingley Dustin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhile emotions are widely regarded as integral to the “behavioral approach” to International Relations (IR), a host of fundamental problems have delayed the integration of affective influences into traditional models of IR. We aim to integrate affect by focusing on commitment problems, a body of work that contains strong theoretical predictions about how individual decision makers will and should act. Across two lab experiments, we use a novel experimental protocol that includes a psychophysiological measure of emotional arousal (skin conductance reactivity) to study how individuals react to changes in bargaining power. While we find support for one key pillar of IR theory—individuals do reject offers when they expect the opponent's power to increase—we also find that physiological arousal tampers with individuals’ ability to think strategically in the manner predicted by canonical models. Our follow-up experiment mimics the elements of institutional solutions to commitment problems and finds support for their efficacy on the individual level. Our novel findings suggest that when individuals face large power shifts, emotional arousal short-circuits their ability to “think forward and induct backwards,” suggesting that emotionally aroused individuals are less prone to commitment problems.
Carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone vs lenalidomide–dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma by previous treatment
Authors: Dimopoulos M A , Stewart A K , Masszi T , Špička I , Oriol A , Hájek R , Rosiñol L , Siegel D , Mihaylov G G , Goranova-Marinova V , Rajnics P , Suvorov A , Niesvizky R , Jakubowiak A , San-Miguel J , Ludwig H , Ro S , Aggarwal S , Moreau P , Palumbo A 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarfilzomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is approved as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone or lenalidomide–dexamethasone (Rd) for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The approval of carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone (KRd) was based on results from the randomized, phase 3 study ASPIRE (NCT01080391), which showed KRd significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs Rd (median 26.3 vs 17.6 months; hazard ratio (HR)=0.690; P=0.0001). This subgroup analysis of ASPIRE evaluated KRd vs Rd by number of previous lines of therapy and previous exposure to bortezomib, thalidomide or lenalidomide. Treatment with KRd led to a 12-month improvement in median PFS vs Rd after first relapse (HR 0.713) and a 9-month improvement after ⩾2 previous lines of therapy (HR 0.720). Treatment with KRd led to an approximate 8-month improvement vs Rd in median PFS in bortezomib-exposed patients (HR 0.699), a 15-month improvement in thalidomide-exposed patients (HR 0.587) and a 5-month improvement in lenalidomide-exposed patients (HR 0.796). Objective response and complete response or better rates were higher with KRd vs Rd, irrespective of previous treatment. KRd had a favorable benefit–risk profile and should be considered an appropriate treatment option for patients with 1 or ⩾2 previous lines of therapy and those previously exposed to bortezomib, thalidomide or lenalidomide.
EZH2 alterations in follicular lymphoma: biological and clinical correlations
Authors: Huet S , Xerri L , Tesson B , Mareschal S , Taix S , Mescam-Mancini L , Sohier E , Carrère M , Lazarovici J , Casasnovas O , Tonon L , Boyault S , Hayette S , Haioun C , Fabiani B , Viari A , Jardin F , Salles G 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe histone methyltransferase EZH2 has an essential role in the development of follicular lymphoma (FL). Recurrent gain-of-function mutations inEZH2have been described in 25% of FL patients and induce aberrant methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). We evaluated the role ofEZH2genomic gains in FL biology. Using RNA sequencing, Sanger sequencing and SNP-arrays, the mutation status, copy-number and gene-expression profiles ofEZH2were assessed in a cohort of 159 FL patients from the PRIMA trial. Immunohistochemical (IHC) EZH2 expression (n=55) and H3K27 methylation (n=63) profiles were also evaluated. In total, 37% of patients (59/159) harbored an alteration in theEZH2gene (mutationn=46, gainn=23). Both types of alterations were associated with highly similar transcriptional changes, with increased proliferation programs. An H3K27me3/me2 IHC score fully distinguished mutated from wild-type samples, showing its applicability as surrogate forEZH2mutation analysis. However, this score did not predict the presence of gains at theEZH2locus. The presence of anEZH2genetic alteration was an independent factor associated with a longer progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.93,P=0.025). We propose that the copy-number status ofEZH2should also be considered when evaluating patient stratification and selecting patients for EZH2 inhibitor-targeted therapies.