bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Properties of Steels Used in Jack‐Up Platforms
Authors: Herion Stefan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Choosing the right material for offshore oil and gas jackets and all related construction is becoming more and more challenging. On one hand, the jackets are planned larger and larger, and on the other, new fields with harsher conditions like in the Arctic region are under exploration. Depending on this, and also and the needs of the owners and the certification companies, several standards and requirements need to be fulfilled.
In addition, steel fabricators are developing better production lines and steel qualities resulting in very thick plates and also high‐strength materials. But not only is the strength of the material is important but also the toughness and the weldability as well as the fatigue behavior are, of course.
The use of high‐strength steel grades in offshore applications requires certified materials. Extensive mechanical testing on these materials is conducted to qualify them. Accreditation companies such as the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) and Det Norske Veritas Germanischer Lloyd (DNVGL) are active worldwide in the shipping and offshore sector and contribute to a continuous increase in safety standards.
In the following, some aspects and some assistance are offered on how and where to find the right material and which standards have to be followed. Also, some new developments of steel producers will be mentioned.
Risk Reduction Strategies
Authors: van der Stap Andre C.M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Risk management has been one of the key enablers of the global oil and gas industry. It is the mechanism by which to control the risk of a calamity, thus allowing the processing of flammable and explosive hydrocarbons in an effective, safe, and controlled manner. In the offshore oil and gas industry, this impact of risk management has a visible importance: the hazardous combination of confined and congested space, fierce environmental conditions, and the offshore workers working and living at the site itself forces design engineers to dramatically improve their understanding of the phenomena that could occur to jeopardize people and assets.

This article outlines the hazard and effect management process as commonly used and placed in its historic context. It describes which risk reduction strategies are available to pursue the goal setting approach toward risk levels deemed acceptable to both industry and society also known as
as low as reasonably practicable
. Finally, some trends in risk and risk reduction strategies are discussed. The article focuses on asset integrity and process safety risks. Project risk management, for example, technical, economical, commercial, organizational, and political risks, is not part of this article.
Offshore Pipeline Construction and Installation
Authors: Jukes Paul 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Flowlines are used to transport oil or gas from subsea wellhead locations back to a host or to the shore. Flowlines and pipelines are constructed using pipeline joints consisting of 40‐ft lengths of pipe welded together to form a pipeline. The welding of the pipe joints to form a pipeline is traditionally undertaken on a construction lay barge, for S‐lay and J‐lay, and this is effectively a large mobile factory offshore. Pipelay construction barges can be large, and it is not uncommon for a barge to be more than 1000 ft in length and has over 400 workers on it. This section looks at the following: milestones in the offshore pipeline and construction, the principle of pipelay, construction techniques and equipment, and installation design.
Anchoring Systems: Anchor Types, Installation, and Design
Authors: O'Loughlin Conleth , Neubecker Steven , Gaudin Christophe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStation keeping of floating facilities requires mooring lines that terminate at anchors located on or within the seabed. This article provides an overview of currently available anchoring technology, including guidance on the types of seabed and mooring configurations that each are suited to, and the considerations that need to be made in the design process. Design approaches for the various anchor types are outlined, with examples showing how these approaches capture observed performance both during installation and in service. The information and guidance provided in this article serves as a stepping‐stone toward a complete design, which should be based on expert geotechnical advice and appropriate use of design codes, design recommendations, and the literature.
Pipe–Seabed Interaction
Authors: White David , Bransby Fraser 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSubsea pipelines rest on or in the seabed, and therefore their behavior and condition depends on pipe–seabed interactions. Pipelines expand and contract during operation and can also be loaded by hydrodynamic action, turbidity flows, or debris flows. These actions are resisted by seabed reaction forces in the vertical, axial, and lateral directions.In some situations, the pipeline may be deliberately buried, for example, to allow overtrawling, provide thermal insulation, or prevent expansion‐induced buckling. However, in many cases, the pipeline may be laid directly onto the seabed. It may self‐bury through the action of sediment transport, remain only partially embedded into the soil, or some intermittent combination of these effects along its route.Assessments of pipe–seabed interaction forces for all the abovementioned burial conditions begin with estimation of the as‐laid (or as‐constructed) embedment. Classical methods such as limit plasticity underpin solutions for embedment and the limiting pipe–soil resistance in each direction. The critical uncertainties are usually the operative soil strength—which is affected by the seabed disturbance during the lay (or backfilling) process and throughout the operating life—and the pipeline embedment (or cover depth). Specific geotechnical testing technologies have evolved to reduce uncertainties in pipe–seabed assessments, including tools for determining the near‐seabed (and disturbed) soil strength and the pipe–soil interface strength at very low stresses. The associated analysis methods also aim to quantify the variability of the seabed reaction forces along the pipeline.The abovementioned predictions of pipe–seabed interaction behavior are performed to feed into structural analyses of the pipeline, which often use a reliability‐based framework. Pipe–soil interaction assessments require close collaboration between the pipeline and geotechnical experts due to the inherent influence of soil–structure interaction, as well as the aim of tailoring the geotechnical assessment to address the particular design criticalities, which vary depending on the seabed and pipeline conditions.
Port Environmental Management
Authors: Zis Thalis P. V. , Angeloudis Panagiotis A. , Bichou Khalid 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The environmental impacts of ports have seen increasing attention in recent years, from the academic community, regulatory bodies, and port authorities. The growth of maritime transport has led to the expansion of ports that now need to handle larger vessels—this has a severe impact on local air quality and the marine environment. This article reviews prominent environmental issues that port operations are responsible for and presents the most important regulations, technologies, and initiatives from port associations and authorities that seek to address the issue of pollutant emissions, ballast water treatment, and energy consumption. This article finishes off with suggestions for closer cooperation of regulators and port authorities in developing improved initiatives to reduce the negative effects of port operations.
Flood, Gauge, and Test; Pre‐Commission; Commission; and Decommission
Authors: Hassanin Ahmed , Jukes Paul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPost pipeline‐laying activities are essential in ensuring a smooth flow of hydrocarbons in the flowline. Main steps involve pre‐commissioning, commissioning, and decommissioning. The system must be mechanically complete before the introduction of fluid into the pipeline (pre‐commissioning). A mechanically complete system is a milestone for the introduction of the fluid into the pipeline (commissioning). With production completed, the pipeline is prepared for abandonment or future user after production completion (decommissioning).
Lubrication of Propulsion Systems and Gearboxes
Authors: Cumberlidge Phil 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article deals with the lubrication of ship's stern tube, controllable pitch propeller, and gearbox equipment found in ships' propulsion systems; engine lubricants are not discussed. It looks at the varied requirements of lubricants for these different pieces of machinery and discusses the attributes and weaknesses of the various lubricants available today and how one can select the best lubricant for a particular application. Only oils are discussed in this article; greases, while mentioned, are a whole separate lubricant story.
There are three primary sources of lubricants: (i) mineral‐based, from crude oil; (ii) vegetable oils; (iii) man‐made “synthetic” lubricants.
Each does a reasonable job, but with more and more requirement for more equipment performance, more equipment utilization time, less maintenance, less environmentally damaging, at lower cost, and so on, the requirements on lubricants today are more demanding.
What are the specific requirements of lubricants for machinery like gearboxes, stern tubes, and controllable pitch propeller systems, and how can one evaluate the various lubricant options currently available and select the most appropriate ones?
COMP Report: CPQR technical quality control guidelines for CyberKnife® Technology
Authors: Vandervoort Eric , Patrocinio Horacio , Chow Tom , Soisson Emilie , Nadeau Dominic Béliveau 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists (COMP), in close partnership with the Canadian Partnership for Quality Radiotherapy (CPQR) has developed a series of Technical Quality Control (TQC) guidelines for radiation treatment equipment. These guidelines outline the performance objectives that equipment should meet in order to ensure an acceptable level of radiation treatment quality. This particular TQC contains detailed performance objectives and safety criteria for CyberKnife® Technology. The quality control recommendations in this document are based upon previously published guidelines and the collective experience of all Canadian sites using this technology. This TQC guideline has been field tested at the newest Canadian CyberKnife installation site and includes recommendations for quality control of the Iris™ and InCise™ MLC collimation systems.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals abnormalities of glucose metabolism in the Alzheimer's brain
Authors: Mullins Roger , Reiter David , Kapogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveBrain glucose hypometabolism is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in this case–control study we used Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to assess AD‐related differences in the posterior cingulate/precuneal ratio of glucose, lactate, and other metabolites.MethodsJ‐modulated Point‐Resolved Spectroscopy (J‐PRESS) and Prior‐Knowledge Fitting (ProFit) software was used to measure glucose and other metabolites in the posterior cingulate/precuneus of 25 AD, 27 older controls, and 27 younger control participants. Clinical assessments for AD participants included cognitive performance measures, insulin resistance metrics and CSF biomarkers.ResultsAD participants showed substantially elevated glucose, lactate, and ascorbate levels compared to older (and younger) controls. In addition, the precuneal glucose elevation discriminated well between AD participants and older controls. Myo‐inositol correlated with CSF p‐Tau181P, total Tau, and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) sum‐of‐boxes score within the AD group.InterpretationHigher glucose to creatine ratios in the AD brain likely reflect lower glucose utilization. Our findings reveal pronounced metabolic abnormalities in the AD brain and strongly suggest that brain glucose merits further investigation as a candidate AD biomarker.
Synthesis of Predesigned Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals and Their Applications in Field‐Sequential Color Displays
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Song , Liu Chun‐Yen , Emelyanenko Alexander V. , Liu Jui‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA series of low transition temperature and fast response chiral smectic C (SmC*) liquid crystals is designed and synthesized. The phase transition behaviors and electrooptical properties of the synthesized compounds are investigated and compared with reported values. The ferroelectric phase of the liquid crystals is characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and electrooptical measurements. The wide SmC* phase is achieved via the induction of achiral trisiloxane and a chiral methyl‐lateral substituent onto the terminuses of the molecules. The optimized packing arrangement model is studied based on the exceptionally high apparent tilt angles (≈41°) and smectic layer spacing observed using WAXS. A fast response time of 0.3 ms in an electric field of 10 V µm−1 provides an opportunity to use the synthesized materials for field‐sequential color liquid crystal displays (FSCLCDs). An FSCLCD sample cell is fabricated using the synthesized ferroelectric liquid crystals via a red (R), green (G), and blue (B) backlight. A color‐frame frequency of more than 500 Hz (i.e., a frame frequency more than 166 Hz) is achieved. As a single material liquid crystal display cell, the synthesized ferroelectric liquid crystals show great performances at room temperature.
Flexible Interconnects for Electronic Textiles
Authors: Agcayazi Talha , Chatterjee Kony , Bozkurt Alper , Ghosh Tushar K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConformable electrical systems integrated in textiles offer revolutionary possibilities. Textiles constitute an obvious choice as a multifunctional electronic platform, since they are worn and used to cover many surfaces around us. The primary focus of the emerging area of electronic textiles (e‐textiles) is on developing transformative technologies to produce flexible, conformable, and large‐area textile‐based electronic systems. One of the main roadblocks to development of e‐textiles is making (fiber‐to‐fiber) interconnects within textiles, with rigid semiconductor‐based circuits and other devices, and efficiently routing these circuits. This problem is compounded by the need for the textile and other materials to withstand the stresses and strains of manufacturing and end‐use. The fundamental challenge of forming these interconnects involves making them flexible, robust, and environmentally stable while ensuring adequate electrical connectivity. From a mechanical standpoint, the transition from soft to hard materials should occur with minimum stress/strain concentration. These challenges, if unaddressed, will remain a barrier to large‐scale development of textile‐based electronic systems. This work reviews the technological issues related to the textile interconnect, providing an overview of flexible interconnects, including relevant materials, electrical and mechanical characterization techniques, ways of forming flexible conductive pathways, and potential research directions and challenges.
Front‐End‐of‐Line Integration of Graphene Oxide for Graphene‐Based Electrical Platforms
Authors: Lu Xiaoling , Munief Walid‐Madhat , Heib Florian , Schmitt Michael , Britz Anette , Grandthyl Samuel , Müller Frank , Neurohr Jens‐Uwe , Jacobs Karin , Benia Hadj Mohamed , Lanche Ruben , Pachauri Vivek , Hempelmann Rolf , Ingebrandt Sven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractScalable and routine integration of chemically exfoliated, graphene‐based materials such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into standard microelectronic fabrication is a tremendous technological challenge, blocking their advancement toward real applications. A unique approach for wafer‐scale fabrication of rGO devices by a synergistic combination of chemically exfoliated GO with photolithography processing is realized. Using graphite powder as source material, a GO solution is produced in a newly optimized, low‐temperature exfoliation and desalination protocol, resulting in high‐quality GO and confirmed by various characterization techniques. As substrates, 4 in. Si/SiO2 or glass wafers were first silanized in a well‐controlled, gas‐phase procedure. Large‐area GO thin films are then realized by standard spin‐coating resulting in highly homogeneous, covalently bound layers of controllable thicknesses of 3–7 nm depending on the amount of spin‐coatings. The robust thin films undergo routine photolithography for device fabrication, including reduction via thermal annealing into conductive rGO. The top‐down fabricated rGO devices display high uniformity with electrical resistances varying within only one order of magnitude over wafer‐scale and device yields as high as ≈93% on a wafer. The novel front‐end‐of‐line GO integration protocol offers robust electrical performances for future implementation toward various sensor applications.
DVS‐Crosslinked PEDOT:PSS Free‐Standing and Textile Electrodes toward Wearable Health Monitoring
Authors: del Agua Isabel , Mantione Daniele , Ismailov Usein , Sanchez‐Sanchez Ana , Aramburu Nora , Malliaras George G. , Mecerreyes David , Ismailova Esma 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConducting polymer electrodes based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) present many advantages for biological signal recording over traditional metal electrodes and are being steadily evaluated in health monitoring applications. A main requirement for wearable electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS is that selected additives, such as crosslinking agents, avoid the redispersion of the polymer or its postprocess delamination. In this work, a novel approach is presented to fabricate water stable conducting free‐standing films and textile electrodes by using a divinyl sulfone (DVS) crosslinker. As opposed to pristine and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOPS)‐crosslinked formulations, the stability of the conducting PEDOT:PSS/DVS is achieved without reducing its conductivity or an extreme stiffening of its mechanical properties. PEDOT:PSS/DVS formulation is easily processed on any substrate and forms low surface resistance free‐standing or textiles electrodes. Electrochemical and stretchable properties of the PEDOT:PSS/DVS in air and in an aqueous environment are demonstrated and its performance in recordings of electrophysiological signals such as electrocardiography is evaluated. This three‐component material shows great potential for making wearable and humidity stable devices in healthcare applications. Furthermore, it can also be highly attractive for the development of washable electroactive textiles.
Zig‐Zag Acridine/Sulfone Derivative with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Enhanced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Amorphous Phase for Highly Efficient Nondoped Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Rong , Wang Ziqi , Zhao Bo , Xie Jingjuan , Zhang Fang , Wang Hua , Guo Kunpeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLuminescent materials simultaneously exhibiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), superior luminous efficiency, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties in amorphous phase are eagerly required for highly efficient nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes. In this contribution, an acridine/sulfone derivative, bis(3‐(9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine)phenyl)sulfone (mSOAD), designed and synthesized by combing a diphenylsulfone (DPS) core with bi‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC) substituted at the 3,3′‐positions is demonstrated. The highly twisted zig‐zag configuration endows the compound with desired frontier orbital distribution for extremely small energy gap between singlet and triplet states (ΔEST = 0.02 eV) of TADF molecule and prominent AIE characteristic. More importantly, its amorphous sample displays enhanced quantum fluorescence yield as well as superior TADF characteristic, which exhibits advantage for device fabrication under thermal evaporation. Taking its suitable highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels together, a nondoped blue electroluminescence device (CIE (0.18, 0.32)) based on mSOAD as the emitter yields an excellent maximum current efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 31.7 cd A−1, 28.4 lm W−1, and 14.0%, which are 1.38‐, 1.25‐, and 1.25‐fold higher than those of its linear isomer DMAC–DPS (ΔEST = 0.18 eV, with bi‐DMAC linked to DPS via 4,4′‐positions)‐based device, respectively.
Indium‐mediated Palladium‐catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Isatins with Alkynes
Authors: Wu Zijun , Fang Xinxin , Leng Yuning , Yao Hequan , Lin Aijun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn unprecedented indium‐mediated palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of isatins with alkynes is disclosed. This reaction provides a new, practical, and straightforward route to access 3‐allyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles in good yields with broad substrate scope and scalability, exhibiting high atom and step economy. A primary mechanistic study reveals that indium played two roles in the reaction, first as a reductant and second as a Lewis acid. Compared with previous methods, our strategy eliminated the steps for the separation and purification of the reaction intermediates, as well as pre‐installing leaving groups to allylic substrates. Moreover, our reaction did not employ moisture‐sensitive allylic metal species and stoichiometric oxidants.magnified image
Beyond Insertion for Na‐Ion Batteries: Nanostructured Alloying and Conversion Anode Materials
Authors: Zhang Huang , Hasa Ivana , Passerini Stefano 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion technology has the potential to become the next generation of low cost and environmentally friendly electrochemical energy storage system for grid‐level applications. The low cost and abundant raw materials employed in sodium cells have driven the recent increasing interest in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), which appear especially appealing, since manufacturers can use the already existing production technology of lithium‐ion batteries. However, SIBs are still an early stage technology, which requires several issues affecting cell performance to be addressed. Despite the accelerated development of cathode materials, anode materials still require further investigation and optimization to reach high energy density performance. In the pursuit of high capacity anode materials, several alloying‐, conversion‐, and combined conversion–alloying‐based electrodes have been investigated. This review offers a comprehensive overview on the recent progresses toward the realization of “beyond‐insertion” anode materials. The role of nanostructuration with the associated advantages and disadvantages is presented for each class of compounds, combined with the main strategies adopted to improve the electrochemical behavior. Finally, an overview of the challenges and perspectives associated with the development of the next generation of anode materials is presented with a particular focus on the role of the electrolyte solutions and solid/electrolyte interphase.