bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and effectiveness of fingolimod in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis: Results of a post‐marketing surveillance study
Authors: Sato Noriko , Wakimoto Koji , Kato Kyoko , Susuta Yutaka , Ueda Kengo , Satou Yoshihisa , Sasajima Takayoshi , Kira Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveFingolimod is the first oral sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor modulator approved in Japan for multiple sclerosis (MS). A large Japanese observational study of fingolimod in patients with MS was carried out to support its safety and effectiveness in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis 2‐year, prospective, multicenter, single‐cohort, observational study included all Japanese patients with MS who initiated fingolimod (0.5 mg/day). Safety endpoints included adverse events and adverse drug reactions. Effectiveness endpoints included the annualized relapse rate, Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale score and physician clinical global impression. All endpoints were analyzed in fingolimod‐naïve patients.ResultsOf the 1792 patients who started fingolimod between 28 November 2011 and 31 May 2013, 1624 and 1623 fingolimod‐naïve patients were included in the safety and effectiveness analysis sets, respectively. The most common MS type was relapsing–remitting MS (89.47%). Adverse events, adverse events leading to discontinuation of fingolimod, adverse drug reactions and serious adverse drug reaction incidences were 64.10%, 15.33%, 57.88% and 23.46%, respectively. No new/unexpected safety signals were identified. The annualized relapse rate was 0.97 during the 1 year before baseline, and decreased to 0.22 after treatment. The mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score remained stable throughout treatment, irrespective of the baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score (≥3 or <3). Physician clinical global impression was classified as ‘effective’ in the majority of patients (70.3%–90.1%) throughout the treatment period.ConclusionFingolimod was well tolerated and no new safety concerns were identified in this Japanese 2‐year post‐marketing study. Additionally, fingolimod was effective in preventing MS relapse and physical disability progression in this real‐world population comprising mainly relapsing–remitting MS patients.
Environmental justice in education for climate action: Case studies from Perú and Uganda
Authors: Wilder Rachel , Nuwategeka Expedito , Monge Carlos , Talavera Alithu Bazan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper draws on participatory research with secondary school learners in Perú and Uganda that shows how environmental and social (in) justices are interwoven and embedded in young people's experiences of the natural world. These experiences contrast with learners' accounts of environmental education in secondary schooling, in which the notion of justice is comparatively, and therefore conspicuously, absent. We employ four distinct but overlapping conceptualisations of justice—biocentric and anthropocentric notions of environmental justice, including climate justice, and epistemic justice—to analyse how learners understand responsibilities for climate action, and what change they anticipate and hope for in the future. Observing that ethical frameworks enable learners to make sense of the complexity of human and more‐than‐human relationships within natural ecosystems, we argue that a multiple justice framework in formal schooling is needed. A multiple justice approach to environmental education could support learners to develop a critical consciousness in and about the natural world, and to imagine and be motivated to act in support of a better future. Our findings are based on accounts from 123 secondary school learners in eight schools—four schools in northern Uganda and four in diverse regions of Perú.
Higher sensitivity of pericardial fluid cytology than biopsy in malignant effusions with potential explanation of false‐negative cytology: A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Takeda Kotaro , Gereg Catherine , Liu Xiaoying , Ma Weijie , Bearse Mayara , Tang Haiming , Delfino Isabela , Huang Eric , Lin Xiaoqi , Chandler Jocelyn B. , Wang He 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveMalignant pericardial effusions are associated with a poor prognosis. Pericardial fluid cytology and pericardial biopsy are the primary methods for diagnosis. This study aimed to conduct a multi‐institutional analysis to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of cytology and biopsy, and to investigate potential explanations for false‐negative results in cytology.MethodsA retrospective review of pericardial fluid cytology cases with concurrent biopsy was conducted across four different institutions. Results were compared using standard statistical methods with attention to sensitivity and histologic distribution. False‐negative cytology cases were investigated for further exploration.ResultsA total of 309 cases were collected, of which 99 (32.0%) were confirmed malignant through repeat sampling or clinical history. Pericardial fluid cytology and biopsy identified 84 and 64 malignant cases, respectively. Our findings confirmed significantly higher sensitivity of cytology compared to biopsy (84.8% vs 65.7%). The most common sites of origin were lung, breast, and gastrointestinal, with adenocarcinoma being the most prevalent histologic subtype. Histologic review of 12 false‐negative cytology cases revealed three key explanations; lymphoma was the most common missed diagnosis (33.3%); fibrinous pericarditis obscures neoplastic cells on the pericardial surface; and pericardial involvement can be seen without extension into the pericardial space.ConclusionThis study demonstrated diagnostic superiority of pericardial fluid cytology over biopsy in the evaluation of malignant pericardial effusions. We identified several limitations in fluid cytology causing false negatives. In the context of an underlying malignancy with pericardial effusion, pathologists should consider immunohistochemistry studies to aid on the diagnosis.
Screening of psoriatic arthritis by dermatologists – a German nationwide survey
Authors: Pinter Andreas , Hofmann Matthias , Kaufmann Roland , Müller‐Stahl Jutta , König Anke 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesUp to 30% of psoriasis (PsO) is clinically associated with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). A large proportion of new onset of PsA is diagnosed at a later stage, despite the necessity of early effective treatment to prevent structural damage. This study aimed to identify the routine screening practices used for PsA in patients with PsO.Patients and MethodsThis non‐interventional, prospective, epidemiological, cross‐sectional study conducted in Germany focuses on screening activity and treatment selection of dermatological practices in suspected PsA. Descriptive statistics and patient characteristics were analyzed for different center types.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐five patients from 34 office‐based physicians, five non‐university hospitals, and nine university hospitals were included. Questionnaires or imaging techniques were not routinely used (< 45%). Especially, ultrasounds (≤ 5%) and MRIs (< 6.3%) were rarely performed. Between 30% and 75% of suspected PsA could be confirmed. Referral to rheumatologists and/or appropriate therapy initiation were the most frequent consequences.ConclusionsResults of this study reflect the status of PsA screening activity by dermatologists. Imaging techniques, particularly ultrasound or MRIs to detect early forms of PsA, were inadequately used, which may have contributed to continued underdiagnoses. Collaboration between dermatologists and rheumatologists should be reviewed with a view to improving effective PsA screening.
In vivo biomarkers of GABAergic function in epileptic rats treated with the GAT‐1 inhibitor E2730
Authors: Ali Idrish , Jupp Bianca , Hudson Matthew R. , Major Brendan , Silva Juliana , Yamakawa Glenn R. , Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo M. , Braine Emma , Thergarajan Peravina , Haskali Mohammad B. , Vivash Lucy , Brkljaca Robert , Shultz Sandy R. , Kwan Patrick , Fukushima Kazuyuki , Sachdev Pallavi , Cheng Jocelyn Y. , Mychasiuk Richelle , Jones Nigel C. , Wright David K. , OBrien Terence J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveE2730, an uncompetitive γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter‐1 (GAT‐1) inhibitor, has potent anti‐seizure effects in a rodent model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy, the kainic acid status epilepticus (KASE) rat model. In this study, we examined purported neuroimaging and physiological surrogate biomarkers of the effect of E2730 on brain GABAergic function.MethodsWe conducted a randomized cross‐over study, incorporating 1‐week treatments with E2730 (100 mg/kg/day subcutaneous infusion) or vehicle in epileptic post‐KASE rats. KASE rats underwent serial 9.4 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measuring GABA and other brain metabolites, [18F]Flumazenil positron emission tomography (PET) quantifying GABAA receptor availability, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–mediated motor activity, as well as continuous video‐EEG recording to measure spontaneous seizures during each treatment. Age‐matched, healthy control animals treated with E2730 or vehicle were also studied.ResultsE2730 treatment significantly reduced spontaneous seizures, with 8 of 11 animals becoming seizure‐free. MRS revealed that E2730‐treated animals had significantly reduced taurine levels. [18F]Flumazenil PET imaging revealed no changes in GABA receptor affinity or density during E2730 treatment. The power of gamma frequency oscillations in the EEG was decreased significantly in the auditory cortex and hippocampus of KASE and control rats during E2730 treatment. Auditory evoked gamma frequency power was enhanced by E2730 treatment in the auditory cortex of KASE and healthy controls, but only in the hippocampus of KASE rats. E2730 did not influence motor evoked potentials triggered by TMS.SignificanceThis study identified clinically relevant changes in multimodality imaging and functional purported biomarkers of GABAergic activity during E2730 treatment in epileptic and healthy control animals. These biomarkers could be utilized in clinical trials of E2730 and potentially other GABAergic drugs to provide surrogate endpoints, thereby reducing the cost of such trials.
Improvement of the tribological and high‐temperature oxidation behavior of mild steel by alumina coating
Authors: Bhargav Amit , Sasikumar C. , Lodhe Mangesh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the surface characteristics of mild steel are modified using aluminum oxide (alumina) coating using the microwave‐assisted solution combustion synthesis (mSCS) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. The deposited coatings are subjected to microstructural, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), micro‐hardness, surface roughness, high‐temperature oxidation, and wear tests. The XRD results confirmed the formation of α‐alumina coating on the mild steel surface. An average thickness of coatings is approximately 125 ± 5 µm in mSCS and around 1 ± .3 µm in PVD. The coating demonstrated good adherence and significantly improved surface hardness, wear resistance, and high‐temperature oxidation resistance. The surface hardness of coatings increased to 12.2 and 9.4 GPa from mSCS and PVD, respectively, while it is 1.57 GPa for the uncoated mild steel. The PVD‐coated alumina surface exhibited a smooth surface (Ra = .076 µm) compared to the mSCS coating (Ra = .344 µm). The specific wear rate of the alumina‐coated sample decreased to 2.5 times, and the high‐temperature oxidation rate decreased about 1.7 times at 500°C.
Dry sliding behavior of transparent yttrium aluminum garnet against 100Cr6 steel balls
Authors: Mittal Divyansh , Kumari Amrita , Hostaša Jan , Yadav Prabhat Chand , Pandey Chandan , Gupta Ankur , Sharma Sandan Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransparent yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) exhibits high hardness and abrasive resistance, making it a promising candidate for applications involving material contact, such as protective optical elements, windows, domes, and armors. When transparent YAG is employed in such applications, it may be susceptible to degradation due to friction, chemical exposure, or thermal stress. Despite its potential, there is limited research on the tribological behavior of transparent YAG. In the present study, transparent YAG ceramics were fabricated by reaction sintering of high‐purity Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders. The transparent YAG specimens had an average grain size of 20 ± 6 µm and hardness of 1068.98 ± 115.15 HV, and fracture toughness of 1.27 ± .06 MPa.m0.5. The effect of load variation from 5 to 15 N on the tribological behavior of transparent YAG was investigated when slid against chrome steel (100Cr6) balls with a hardness of 815 ± 75 HV. The low coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate were observed due to the wedge formation (fish‐scale‐like pattern) at the surface when the load was increased from 5 to 10 N. Moreover, tribochemical layer formation, fracture, and material transfer were observed when the load was increased from 10 to 15 N, leading to high COF and increased wear rate.
Fluorescein flowmetry: a method for measuring relative capillary blood flow in the intestine
Authors: Perbeck Leif , Lund Fredrik , Svensson Leif , Thulin Lars 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe present work represents an attempt to develop a method for measuring relative blood flow in intestinal capillaries, by the use of sodium fluorescein (Na‐F) as an indicator substance. The method is called fluorescein flowmetry (FF).A mathematical model was developed; blood flow was expressed as an index between the maximum fluorescence obtained during the first circulatory passage of Na‐F and the rise time, defined as the time interval between 10 and 90% of the maximum fluorescence. The prerequisites for the mathematical model were tested in experiments in animals and man. The extraction of Na‐F in the intestinal capillaries was found to be more than 99%. The ratio between the tissue clearance and uptake was found to be 0·0051, indicating no back flux. Experiments in man revealed that the rise time was proportional to the mean transit time and the mean transversal time of the bolus proper. The accuracy of FF was confirmed in man where the ratio between mucosal and serosal‐muscular capillary blood flow was 2:1. From the results obtained, it appears that FF can be used as a method for measuring relative capillary blood flow in the intestine.
Last‐Mile Delivery: A Process View, Framework, and Research Agenda
Authors: Masorgo Nicolò , Dobrzykowski David D. , Fugate Brian S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe expansion of e‐commerce has increased scholarly interest in Business‐to‐Customer (B2C) last‐mile delivery (LMD). LMD occurs in a unique logistical context and presents many new, evolving challenges worthy of scholarly investigation. While most LMD studies emerged after 2018, existing literature reviews predate the “boom.” Current reviews have focused at the macro‐level, considering LMD secondarily within broad topics like omni‐channel or micro perspectives that address granular issues like transportation within LMD. The majority of studies have focused on analytical models that investigate different concerns compared to conceptual and empirical studies. Our study examines an up‐to‐date sample of 104 articles in LMD literature from a process, meso‐level perspective. We develop a framework, classifying studies around pre‐delivery, delivery, and post‐delivery activities that produce valuable insights linking these activities. We synthesize the prior literature and offer a research agenda that incorporates different stakeholder perspectives and identifies methodological opportunities. The analysis reveals several areas of future research that were validated and enhanced by practitioner interviews.
A taxonomic revision of Parachela with descriptions of two new species (Cypriniformes: Xenocyprididae)
Authors: Page Lawrence M. , Tangjitjaroen Weerapongse , Limpichat Jirasin , Randall Zachary S. , Boyd David A. , Tongnunui Sampan , Pfeiffer John M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Parachela–Oxygaster–Macrochirichthys clade of Xenocyprididae has been confused since the original descriptions of Parachela oxygastroides and Parachela hypophthalmus in the mid‐19th century. The confusion seems attributable to the substantial intraspecific variation in color and other morphological characteristics of species of Oxygaster and Parachela. Morphological data on 401 specimens from throughout the range of Parachela and molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that six available species names for Parachela are valid: Parachela cyanea, P. hypophthalmus, Parachela ingerkongi, Parachela johorensis (removed from the synonymy of P. oxygastroides), P. oxygastroides, and Parachela williaminae. In addition, two new species of Parachela, Parachela melanosticta and Parachela microlepis, are described. Chela pointoni is a synonym of P. oxygastroides, not a valid species of Oxygaster as previously hypothesized, and Parachela maculicauda is a synonym of Parachela johorensis. Considerable morphological and genetic variation is present in all well‐sampled species of Parachela.
Themeatics: The art of hyperreality
Authors: King Margaret J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince Disney Imagineering introduced the theme park in 1955, themeatics has ruled public space, becoming a mixed reality of virtual and nonvirtual, media and built design, as hyperreality. This “unified field theory” of the arts consolidates many styles and disciplines as mixed media, conferring meaning and engaging attention in immersive experiences that readily embody innovation. Through hyperreality, themeatics works as the dominant aesthetic now merging imagination with the experienced world. The fit between art‐informed places like theme parks and the brain expands the life of the mind in culture through the scope of lived and virtual experience alike.
The role of habitat use and sociality on skin lesions in Tamanend's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) in the St. Johns River, Florida
Authors: DiVittore‐Goodrum Brittney , Gibson Quincy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotographic analysis of skin lesions is a noninvasive approach to estimate the health of cetacean populations. The St. Johns River (SJR) in NE Florida is an estuarine system inhabited by Tamanend's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) that is characterized by high levels of anthropogenic activity. Both environmental factors and social transmission of disease may influence lesion formation in dolphins, thus this study aimed to determine if skin lesion prevalence and extent of coverage differed based on (1) the amount of time spent in the SJR annually and (2) sociality measures. Photos were examined for lesions on the dorsal fin and total visible body. Individuals were categorized as residents, seasonals, or transients based on the monthly sighting rate in cold and warm seasons. The mean nonzero SRI and degree centrality were compared to lesion prevalence and coverage. Residents exhibited the highest prevalence of skin lesions, followed by seasonals and transients. Coverage in affected individuals did not significantly differ among residency groups. Lesion prevalence was higher in the SJR than nearby sites. Associations between sociality and lesion measures were not significant. These results suggest that habitat use primarily drives lesion occurrence in SJR dolphins.
Intra‐species quantification reveals differences in activity and sleep levels in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Ajayi Oluwaseun M. , Susanto Emily E. , Wang Lyn , Kennedy Jasmine , Ledezma Arturo , Harris Angeli'c , Smith Evan S. , Chakraborty Souvik , Wynne Nicole E. , Sylla Massamba , Akorli Jewelna , Otoo Sampson , Rose Noah H. , Vinauger Clément , Benoit Joshua B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAedes aegypti is an important mosquito vector of human disease with a wide distribution across the globe. Climatic conditions and ecological pressure drive differences in the biology of several populations of this mosquito species, including blood‐feeding behaviour and vector competence. However, no study has compared activity and/or sleep among different populations/lineages of Ae. aegypti. Having recently established sleep‐like states in three mosquito species with observable differences in timing and amount of sleep among species, we investigated differences in activity and sleep levels among 17 Ae. aegypti lines drawn from both its native range in Africa and its invasive range across the global tropics. Activity monitoring indicates that all the lines show consistent diurnal activity, but significant differences in activity level, sleep amount, number of sleep bouts and bout duration were observed among the lines. The variation in day activity was associated with differences in host preference and ancestry for the lineages collected in Africa. This study provides evidence that the diurnal sleep and activity profiles for Ae. aegypti are consistent, but there are significant population differences for Ae. aegypti sleep and activity levels and interactions with host species may significantly impact mosquito activity.
Multidisciplinary behavioral therapy reduces rumination
Authors: Nyyssönen M. , Vilpponen O. , Ståhl‐Railila M. , Liesto S. , Mustonen T. , Pikkarainen S. , Arkkila P. , Roine R. , Sintonen H. , Punkkinen J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral therapy has proved effective as rumination therapy. Our objective was to treat rumination patients using multidisciplinary behavioral therapy aimed at reducing ≥2 of the rumination score.MethodsAll patients fulfilled Rome IV criteria for rumination and were referred to speech therapy for psychoeducation, diaphragmatic breathing exercises and guided eating, physiotherapy for exercises to relax the thoracic and abdominal muscles, and consultation with the psychologist and the dietitian. Symptoms, depression, anxiety, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and functional capacity were evaluated by questionnaires (Rome IV, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), 15D, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0) at baseline and at 6‐month control. Esophageal manometry was performed at 6‐month control.Key ResultsThe study enrolled 11 patients (19–64 years, 10 female). Rumination score: 6.5 (5–8) at baseline, 4.0 (3–5) at the 6‐month control, p = 0.005. BDI/8 (6–13), BAI/15 (8–29) at baseline; BDI/7 (4–8), BAI/15 (7–27) at the 6‐month control, NS. 15D score: 0.800 at baseline, 0.845 at the 6‐month control, NS. WHODAS 2.0 score: 15 (7–33) at baseline, 11 (7–26) at the 6‐month control, NS. Rumination could be evoked in manometry in six of nine (67%) patients at 6‐month control.Conclusions and InferencesBehavioral multidisciplinary therapy significantly reduces the self‐assessed frequency of rumination. These patients have more depression, anxiety and a lower HRQoL compared to the normal population.