bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Baricitinib Versus Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study of the National Covid Collaborative
Authors: Patanwala Asad E. , Xiao Xuya , Hills Thomas E. , Higgins Alisa M. , McArthur Colin J. , Alexander G. Caleb , Mehta Hemalkumar B. ,   on behalf of National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Consortium
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
COVID-19 treatment guidelines recommend baricitinib or tocilizumab for the management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We compared the effectiveness of baricitinib vs. tocilizumab on mortality and clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

DESIGN:
Multicenter, retrospective, propensity-weighted cohort study using a target trial emulation approach.

SETTING:
The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), which is the largest electronic health records data on COVID-19 in the United States. The setting included 75 hospitals.

PATIENTS:
Adults who were hospitalized for COVID-19.

INTERVENTIONS:
Newly initiated on baricitinib or tocilizumab.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Our primary outcome was 28-day mortality. We used propensity scores with inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs) to control bias and confounding while comparing treatments. Among 10,661 individuals included in the study, 6,229 (58.4%) received baricitinib and 4,432 (41.6%) tocilizumab. Overall, the mean age of the cohort was 60.0 ± 15.1 years, 6429 (60.3%) were male, and 19.2% received invasive mechanical ventilation. After IPTW adjustment, baricitinib use was associated with lower 28-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.98) and hospital (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82–0.94) mortality compared with tocilizumab. Baricitinib was also associated with shorter hospital length of stay (incident rate ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.94) and lower rates of hospital-acquired infections (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.99), although no difference in ICU length of stay was noted between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large, diverse cohort of U.S. hospitalized adults with COVID-19, baricitinib was associated with significantly lower 28-day mortality, hospital mortality, shorter hospital length of stay, and less hospital-acquired infections compared with tocilizumab.
Ultrasound-guided Deep Waist Fat Liposuction: Complement to a Narrow Waist
Authors: Flores González Emmanuel Armando , Manzaneda Cipriani Raúl Martin , Babaitis Ricardo , Durán Vega Héctor , Schneider Viaro Mauricio , Lobo Botelho Daniel , Danilla Enei Stefan , Ramirez Guerrero Oliver René 
Published: October 2024

Background:
For body contouring, the waist plays an important role in both male and female body structure. Currently, there are procedures that aim to achieve a narrow waist as a result, to achieve an adequate waist-to-hip ratio. This study proposes a technique of ultrasound-guided deep liposuction of the lumbar triangle to achieve favorable and safe aesthetic results.

Methods:
The technique was applied in 142 patients who provided informed consent. During liposuction, ultrasound was used as a guide to avoid contact with vital organs, and in the postoperative stage, a satisfaction survey was administered on the aesthetic results obtained. In addition, patients had a preoperative waist measurement and a postoperative waist measurement at 3 months.

Results:
The deep liposuction technique in the lumbar triangle is safe, no serious complications were observed, and the results of the satisfaction survey regarding the aesthetic result after the third postoperative month showed 100% satisfaction. In addition, it was found that the body measurements of the waist before the operation and 3 months later showed a difference between 8 and 15 cm less in the diameter of the waist after the technique was applied.

Conclusions:
Deep liposuction of the lumbar region is a safe technique, due to the use of ultrasound for patient care, and enhances patient satisfaction with the aesthetic results.
Hug Flap and Hamdi Hammock: Two Innovative Techniques for Enhancing Aesthetic Outcomes in Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kyriazidis Ioannis , Georgiou Letizia , Hamdi Moustapha 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Achieving optimal aesthetic outcomes in deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction remains a challenge, often necessitating additional procedures for refinement. This study presents two innovative techniques (the hug flap and Hamdi hammock) aimed at enhancing breast projection and inframammary fold (IMF) definition in DIEP flap reconstruction.

Methods:
The hug flap technique uses de-epithelialized caudal mastectomy skin to augment breast projection, whereas the Hamdi hammock uses a percutaneous purse-string suture to define the IMF. A retrospective review of 782 patients who underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction between 2007 and 2023 was conducted.

Results:
The hug flap group required significantly less additional fat grafting compared to other techniques (11% versus 27% and 22%). No total flap losses occurred in the hug flap group, and fat necrosis rates were low. The Hamdi hammock was used in 405 patients with a mean of two lipofilling sessions. Complications were minor and no stitches required removal.

Conclusions:
The hug flap and Hamdi hammock techniques offer effective and safe methods for enhancing breast projection and IMF definition in DIEP flap reconstruction. These techniques may reduce the need for additional procedures and improve aesthetic outcomes.
A Unified Approach to Facial Contours and Volume Correction: The Role of the Cheek and the Chin
Authors: Moradi Amir , Montes Jose Raul , Humphrey Shannon , Grunebaum Lisa D. , Bertossi Dario , Dimitrijevic Elena , Sangha Sara 
Published: October 2024

Background:Facial proportions and contours influence perceptions of beauty and youthfulness. In particular, the shape and definition of the midface and lower face impact the overall appearance of the face.Methods:This review provides anatomical evidence to support a holistic approach to facial analysis and rejuvenation that starts with assessment and treatment of the midface and lower face to create an aesthetically desirable facial balance.Results:The cheek and chin can be considered “anchors” or starting points within full-face treatment because of the noticeable impact of their treatment on the definition and contour of the entire face. Age-related changes in the cheek and chin affect overall facial appearance and can produce unintended facial emotional attributes such as looking tired, angry, or sad. Patients seek facial aesthetic treatment typically for a global improvement such as revitalization or genderization of facial features. Best practices in aesthetics have evolved from treatment of individual areas to a holistic paradigm that uses multimodal therapy to improve overall facial emotional attributes. Hyaluronic acid fillers are useful for volume replacement and smoothing abrupt transitions that develop with age throughout the midface, chin, and jaw. A combination of hyaluronic acid filler for volume restoration and sodium deoxycholate and/or onabotulinumtoxinA for volume reduction where appropriate may optimize lower facial contour.Conclusions:This review highlights the importance of facial angles and contours as well as the significance of panfacial assessments and treatment, focusing on the relationships within areas of the face, specifically the midface and lower face, to optimize results.
Breast Reconstruction in a Postbariatric Patient Using a Fleur-de-lis Free Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap: A Mini-review
Authors: Berkane Yanis , Beaufils Tristan , Alabdulkareem Mohammad , Abu Qasida Alla , Scarabosio Anna , Girard Paul , Watier Eric , Bertheuil Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

Summary:
Breast reconstruction in postbariatric patients presents unique challenges due to substantial weight loss–induced body deformities. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman with massive lower abdominal deformities who underwent a mastectomy treatment followed by a temporary expander-based reconstruction. A year later, a fleur-de-lis-shaped free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap and abdominoplasty were performed for autologous reconstruction and abdominal contouring. This design addressed both purposes while allowing a voluminous flap to be harvested on periumbilical perforators. No postoperative complications were found, and the outcomes were favorable. Although deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps are standard in autologous breast reconstruction, our case demonstrates the utility of the fleur-de-lis design in massive weight loss patients for vascular safety and volume enhancement. Finally, we discuss this rarely described approach and compare it with other variants, showcasing versatility in addressing complex reconstruction needs in this particular patient population.
Electrographic flow mapping of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Castellano Steven , Kong Melissa H. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
A low ceiling of efficacy exists for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation via pulmonary vein isolation without adjunctive ablations, which is likely because they do not target an individual patient's specific underlying disease mechanisms. Electrographic flow (EGF) mapping is the first system that reliably displays wavefront propagation through the atria. It is a promising tool for localizing sources of atrial fibrillation, guiding targeted ablation, and visualizing conduction through the atrial substrate.

Recent findings
We describe EGF mapping with emphasis on contemporary studies examining map reproducibility and use cases in the preclinical and clinical environment. Animal experiments demonstrated that maps were interpretable across increasingly complex rhythms with pacing during spontaneously persistent atrial fibrillation reliably simulating EGF sources. The FLOW-AF randomized controlled trial showed that source ablation improved outcomes and that EGF map properties may be used to phenotype patients based on their atrial fibrillation mechanisms and recurrence likelihoods.

Summary
Targeted ablation strategies balance the risks of insufficiently ablating atrial fibrillation triggers with exacerbating disease through additional scar formation. EGF mapping leverages spatiotemporal relationships in voltage to localize sources and quantify substrate health. Further research is needed to optimize phenotyping and treatment efforts.
Paradigm Shift in Eye Banking: From Tissue Retrieval to Cellular Harvesting and Bioengineering
Authors: Deshmukh Rashmi , Dua Harminder S. , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Vajpayee Rasik B. , Jhanji Vishal , Basu Sayan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
An integrated cell, tissue, and eye bank is vital to meet the evolving needs of ocular transplant therapies. In addition to traditional corneal transplant tissues, it encompasses processing and delivery of transplant materials for newer treatments like cell-based therapies and gene-modified products, adhering to rigorous standards, optimizing tissue utilization with comprehensive services for surgeons.
Effects of Stress and Strain on the Optic Nerve Head on the Progression of Glaucoma
Authors: Kang Edward , Park Ji-Hye , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon 
Published: October 2024

Précis:
In primary open angle glaucoma, the rate of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness decrease was negatively correlated with lamina cribrosa strain, which was associated with intraocular pressure and optic nerve head geometric factors.

Purpose:
We hypothesized that the biomechanical deformation of the optic nerve head (ONH) contributes to the progression of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). This study investigated the biomechanical stress and strain on the ONH in patients with POAG using computer simulations based on finite element analysis and analyzed its association with disease progression.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis that included patients diagnosed with early-to-moderate stage POAG. The strains and stresses on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) surface, prelaminar region, and lamina cribrosa (LC) were calculated using computer simulations based on finite element analysis. The correlations between the rate of RNFL thickness decrease and biomechanical stress and strain were investigated in both the progression and nonprogression groups.

Results:
The study included 71 and 47 patients in the progression and nonprogression groups, respectively. In the progression group, the factors exhibiting negative correlations with the RNFL thickness decrease rate included the maximum and mean strain on the LC. In multivariate analysis, the mean strain on the LC was associated with optic disc radius, optic cup deepening, axial length, and mean intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas the maximum strain was only associated with mean IOP.

Conclusions:
In early-to-moderate stage POAG, the rate of RNFL thickness decrease was influenced by both the mean and maximum strain on the LC. Strains on the LC were associated with mean IOP, optic disc radius, axial length, and optic cup deepening. These results suggest that not only IOP but also ONH geometric factors are important in the progression of glaucoma.
Spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 Subclone MLST ST13871
Authors: Li Hao , Zhu Bang-Yong , Gan Quan , Nguyen Tam Thi , Chen Shao-Chun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between a ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain GX211022, isolated from China, and MLST ST13871 strains reported internationally. In this study, we determined the susceptibility of the N. gonorrhoeae isolate to antibiotics using the agar dilution method. Genotyping was performed through N. gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR), N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Additionally, phylogenetic analysis was conducted to explore the genetic relatedness to other MLST ST13871 strains. Isolate GX211022 was identified to possess penA allele 60.001 with a ceftriaxone MIC = 1 mg/L and was classified as MLST ST13871 and NG-STAR ST233. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GX211022 was clustered with isolates from Vietnam and confirmed that all MLST ST13871 strains are a subclone of the internationally disseminated high-level ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone. These findings highlight abundant regional spread of MLST ST13871 in Southeast Asia.
Race and Ethnicity Reporting in United States Limb-Loss Literature (2015–2020): A Scoping Review
Authors: Rosen Rachael E. , Morgan Sara J. , Hafner Brian J. , McDonald Cody L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Accurate and consistent reporting of demographic data in research, including race and ethnicity, is essential for identifying, studying, and addressing health disparities. Reporting race and ethnicity data is necessary because these constructs serve as proxies used to measure the impact of racism, bias, and discrimination, which are some of the underlying causes of health disparities.

Objective
The study was conducted to investigate the frequency and variability with which race and ethnicity are reported in recent peer-reviewed articles that present results of limb loss research in the United States.

Study Design
A scoping review was completed.

Methods
A comprehensive search of three bibliographic databases was conducted to identify original articles that described the results of research involving individuals with limb loss published between 2015 and 2020. Articles were screened for relevance, and key details, including publication year, study focus, study design, participant demographics, limb involvement, and etiology, were extracted. A total of 420 articles were included in this review.

Results
Few articles (15.9%) included participants’ race or ethnicity. Only 6.4% reported these characteristics using the categories recommended by the US federal government. Overall, race and ethnicity were reported with low frequency, limited specificity, and high variability.

Conclusions
Results of this review suggest that improved race and ethnicity reporting is needed for limb loss research. Recommendations include the following: collection and reporting of demographic data for all participants; use of standardized race and ethnicity categories; clear delineation of race groups in analyses; and implementation of editorial policies that mandate reporting.

Clinical Relevance
Improving the reporting of race and ethnicity data in limb loss research is crucial to address disparities and provide equitable care. Improved reporting methods will facilitate accurate assessment of representation, assist in targeted recruitment efforts, and contribute to development of tailored interventions to address the needs of racially and ethnically minoritized groups.
Universal screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: how can we maximise benefits and minimise potential harm for children and their families?
Authors: Ramaswami Uma , Priestley-Barnham Lorraine , Humphries Steve E. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Universal Screening programmes to identify subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) have been the subject of much recent interest. However, any screening programme can cause harm as well as having potential benefits. Here we review recent papers using different ages and strategies to identify subjects with FH, and examine to what extent the publications provide quantitative or qualitative evidence of benefit or harm to children and adults.

Recent findings
Three studies have been published over the last 2 years where Universal Screening for FH has been carried out in infancy, at the time of routine vaccinations, or at preschool age. Next-generation sequencing of all known FH-causing genes has been used to determine the proportion of screened individuals, who have total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations above a predetermined threshold (such as >95th percentile), with genetically confirmed FH.

Summary
While we fully support the concept of Universal Screening for FH, which appears feasible and of potential clinical utility at all of the different ages examined, there is little data to document potential benefit or how to mitigate potential harms. Future study protocols should include collection of such data to strengthen the case of roll out of Universal Screening programmes.
Safety, efficacy, and side effects of sodium fluorescein-aided resection of glioblastoma: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ahmed Nazmin , Hossain Md. Nazrul , Ahmed Raju , Abbasi Md. Mahmud , Azab Mohammed A. , Alam Morshad , Nusrat Khan Nazia , Kazi Md. Raad , Ghafoor Nusrat , Siraj Nawshin , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The use of fluorescein sodium (FS) as a surgical adjunct in glioblastoma resection has shown promise in improving tumor visualization and resection outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and side effects of FS-aided resection in patients with glioblastoma.

Methods:
This is a prospective, single-center cohort study conducted at Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute from September 2021 to November 2023. Twelve patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma underwent FS-guided resection. All participants received an intravenous dose of FS (5 mg/kg body weight) ~30 min before surgery. The study follows a quasi-experimental design, focusing on the outcomes of FS-aided surgery without a control group. Patients were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and all surgeries were performed by a single experienced neurosurgeon. The extent of tumor resection was classified as gross total resection (GTR), near-total resection (NTR), or partial resection (PR).

Results:
Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 66.6% of patients, near total resection (NTR) in 16.6%, and subtotal resection (STR) in 16.6%. No significant adverse effects were observed except for a single case of postoperative seizure, which was managed without long-term consequences. All patients showed normal liver and kidney function tests postoperatively. The low-dose FS protocol demonstrated both a high rate of GTR and a favorable safety profile, with only minor, transient side effects such as temporary yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and urine. No severe or long-term complications related to FS were observed during the follow-up period, which had a median duration of 13.4 months.

Conclusion:
FS appears to be a safe and effective aid in glioblastoma resection, achieving high rates of GTR with minimal side effects. The findings suggest that FS, particularly at a low dose, is a viable, cost-effective alternative to other fluorescent markers, especially in settings where resource constraints may limit the use of more expensive options like 5-ALA.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in HIV Diagnosis Rates by Social Determinants of Health at the Census Tract Level Among Adults in the United States and Puerto Rico, 2021
Authors: Kota Krishna Kiran , Eppink Samuel , Gant Sumner Zanetta , Chesson Harrell , McCree Donna Hubbard 
Published: October 2024

Background:
We compared racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnosis rates among adults in census tracts with the most disadvantaged vs. the most advantaged levels of social determinants of health.

Methods:
In this ecologic analysis, we used the National HIV Surveillance System data from 2021 and social determinants of health data from 2017–2021 American Community Survey. We measured racial and ethnic disparities stratified by sex in the most disadvantaged quartiles and advantaged quartiles for (1) poverty, (2) education level, (3) median household income, and (4) insurance coverage. We calculated 8 relative disparity measures [Black-to-White rate ratio, Hispanic/Latino-to-White rate ratio, index of disparity (ID), population-weighted ID, mean log deviation, Theil index, population attributable proportion, Gini coefficient] and 4 absolute disparity measures (Black-to-White rate difference, Hispanic/Latino-to-White rate difference, absolute ID, and population-weighted absolute ID).

Results:
Comparing the most disadvantaged quartiles with the most advantaged quartiles, all 4 absolute disparity measures decreased, but 7 of the 8 relative disparity measures increased: the median percentage decreases in the absolute measures for men and women, respectively, were 38.1% and 47.6% for poverty, 12.4% and 42.6% for education level, 43.6% and 44.0% for median household income, and 44.2% and 45.4% for insurance coverage. The median percentage increases in the relative measures for men and women, respectively, were 44.3% and 61.3% for poverty, 54.9% and 95.3% for education level, 19.6% and 90.0% for median household income, and 32.8% and 46.4% for insurance coverage.

Conclusions:
Racial and ethnic disparities in the most disadvantaged and the most advantaged quartiles highlight the need for strategies addressing the root causes of disparities.