bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubility of n-Butane in Athabasca Bitumen and Saturated Densities and Viscosities at Temperatures Up to 200°C
Authors: Nourozieh Hossein , Kariznovi Mohammad , Abedi Jalal 
Published: May 2016

Summary
The steam- and/or solvent-based recovery processes are efficient methods for recovery of heavy and extraheavy oils. The performance of these techniques depends on the amount of solvent dissolved in the oil and the variation of oil viscosity with temperature. Thus, full understanding of the quantitative effects of the solvent on heavy-oil viscosity and phase behavior is crucial for feasibility studies, design, and prediction of field-scale processes. Phase-behavior study of bitumen diluted with heavy hydrocarbon solvents, such as butane and pentane, has gained less attention in recent years. These solvents, as good candidates for recently developed recovery methods such as expanding solvent steam-assisted gravity drainage (ES-SAGD), could provide promising oil-production rates.
Thus, the aim of this research is the development of an understanding of the phase behavior of n-butane/Athabasca-bitumen mixtures. It includes both experimental and modeling studies of solubilities and saturated liquid densities and viscosities over wide ranges of temperatures (up to 200 °C) and pressures (up to 8 MPa). Experimental results indicate that the dissolved n-butane in bitumen leads to a significant oil-viscosity reduction, and the effect is more pronounced at lower temperatures and/or higher pressures. The modeling results show that the measured solubilities are adequately represented by the Peng-Robinson equation of state (EOS) with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 9.7%. The saturated liquid densities are also correlated with both the EOS and the effective liquid-density approach with 0.86 and 0.55% AARDs, respectively. The viscosity data are reasonably matched with Pedersen corresponding state.
Health Education and General Practitioner Training in Hypertension Management: Long-Term Effects on Kidney Function
Authors: Jafar Tazeen H. , Allen John C. , Jehan Imtiaz , Hameed Aamir , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Ebrahim Shah , Poulter Neil , Chaturvedi Nish 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives
In the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation trial, a 2×2 factorial design study (2004–2007), the combined home health education and trained general practitioner intervention delivered over 2 years was more effective than no intervention (usual care) in lowering systolic BP among adults with hypertension in urban Pakistan. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions on kidney function.

Design, participants, settings, & methods
In 2012–2013, we conducted extended follow-up of a total of 1271 individuals aged ≥40 years with hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or receipt of antihypertensive treatment) and serum creatinine measurements with 2 years in-trial and 5 years of post-trial period in 12 randomly selected low-income communities in Karachi, Pakistan. The change in eGFR from baseline to 7 years was assessed among randomized groups using a generalized estimating equation method with multiple imputation of missing values.

Results
At 7 years of follow-up, adjusted mean eGFR remained unchanged, with a change of −0.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], −3.5 to 2.9) ml/min per 1.73 m2 among adults randomly assigned to the combined home health education plus trained general practitioner intervention compared with a significant decline of −3.6 (95% CI, −5.7 to −2.0) ml/min per 1.73 m2 in those assigned to usual care (P=0.01, modified intention-to-treat analysis). The risk for the combined intervention of death from kidney failure or >20% decline in eGFR relative to usual care was significantly reduced (risk ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.89).

Conclusions
The combined home health education plus trained general practitioner intervention is beneficial in preserving kidney function among adults with hypertension in communities in Karachi. These findings highlight the importance of scaling up simple strategies for renal risk reduction in low- and middle-income countries.
The See Kidney Disease Targeted Screening Program for CKD
Authors: Galbraith Lauren E. , Ronksley Paul E. , Barnieh Lianne J. , Kappel Joanne , Manns Braden J. , Samuel Susan M. , Jun Min , Weaver Rob , Valk Nadine , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives
The effectiveness of targeted screening for identification of CKD is largely unknown. The See Kidney Disease (SeeKD) targeted screening project aimed to determine the prevalence of unrecognized CKD in Canada.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The SeeKD project was conducted across Canada using a convenience sample approach and events to identify adults with risk factors for CKD (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, vascular disease, family history of kidney problems, etc.). Participants with at least one risk factor received a point-of-care creatinine measurement to identify unrecognized CKD (CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Baseline information included clinical characteristics, sociodemographics, and health knowledge. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with each Kidney Foundation of Canada branch (regionalized locations) after the screening events to characterize local screening strategies, which were subsequently categorized as individual-targeted (specifically targeting individuals at risk of CKD) and community-targeted (event in a community location in proximity to a high-risk population). We calculated the prevalence of unrecognized CKD overall, and by screening strategy.

Results
Between January 2011 and February 2014, 6329 Canadians participated in SeeKD screening events. Participants were predominantly female (65.3%), middle-aged (mean, 58.5 years), and the majority (88.9%) self-reported at least one risk factor for CKD. Of participants with at least one risk factor, 92.3% (n=5194) were screened, of whom 18.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 17.8 to 19.9) had unrecognized CKD; the majority (13.8%) had stage 3a CKD (eGFR=45–60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). The prevalence of unrecognized CKD was higher for branches with individual versus community-targeted events (21.9% [95% CI, 20.5 to 23.4] versus 14.7% [95% CI, 13.2 to 16.2]).

Conclusions
Targeted screening identified a high proportion of individuals with risk factors for CKD and a high prevalence of unrecognized CKD. Future research will evaluate the ability of targeted screening to promote self-management behaviors addressing priorities for people with CKD.
ASYMMETRY BETWEEN GALAXIES WITH CLOCKWISE HANDEDNESS AND COUNTERCLOCKWISE HANDEDNESS
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
While it is clear that spiral galaxies can have different handedness, galaxies with clockwise patterns are assumed to be symmetric to galaxies with counterclockwise patterns in all of their other characteristics. Here, we use data from SDSS DR7 to show that photometric data can distinguish between clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies. Pattern recognition algorithms trained and tested using the photometric data of a clean, manually crafted data set of 13,440 spiral galaxies with

can predict the handedness of a spiral galaxy in ∼64% of the cases, which is significantly higher than the mere chance accuracy of 50% (

). Experiments with a different data set of 10,281 automatically classified galaxies showed similar results of ∼65% classification accuracy, suggesting that the observed asymmetry is also consistent in data sets annotated in a fully automatic process, without human intervention. That shows that the photometric data collected by SDSS is sensitive to the handedness of the galaxy. Analysis of the number of galaxies classified as clockwise and counterclockwise by crowdsourcing shows that manual classification between spiral and elliptical galaxies can be affected by the handedness of the galaxy, and therefore the galaxy morphology analyzed by citizen science campaigns might be biased by the galaxy handedness. The code and data used in the experiment are publicly available, and the experiment can be easily replicated.
THE INCLINATION ANGLE AND EVOLUTION OF THE BRAKING INDEX OF PULSARS WITH PLASMA-FILLED MAGNETOSPHERE: APPLICATION TO THE HIGH BRAKING INDEX OF PSR J1640–4631
Authors: Ekşi K. Y. , Andaç I. C. , Çıkıntoğlu S. , Gügercinoğlu E. , Motlagh A. Vahdat , Kızıltan B. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The recently discovered rotationally powered pulsar PSR J1640–4631 is the first to have a braking index measured, with high enough precision, that is greater than 3. An inclined magnetic rotator in vacuum or plasma would be subject not only to spin-down but also to an alignment torque. The vacuum model can address the braking index only for an almost orthogonal rotator, which is incompatible with the single-peaked pulse profile. The magnetic dipole model with the corotating plasma predicts braking indices between 3 and 3.25. We find that the braking index of 3.15 is consistent with two different inclination angles, 18.°5 ± 3° and 56° ± 4°. The smaller angle is preferred given that the pulse profile has a single peak and the radio output of the source is weak. We infer the change in the inclination angle to be at the rate −0.°23 per century, three times smaller in absolute value than the rate recently observed for the Crab pulsar.
DETECTION OF LENSING SUBSTRUCTURE USING ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE DUSTY GALAXY SDP.81
Authors: Hezaveh Yashar D. , Dalal Neal , Marrone Daniel P. , Mao Yao-Yuan , Morningstar Warren , Wen Di , Blandford Roger D. , Carlstrom John E. , Fassnacht Christopher D. , Holder Gilbert P. , Kemball Athol , Marshall Philip J. , Murray Norman , Levasseur Laurence Perreault , Vieira Joaquin D. , Wechsler Risa H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the abundance of substructure in the matter density near galaxies using ALMA Science Verification observations of the strong lensing system SDP.81. We present a method to measure the abundance of subhalos around galaxies using interferometric observations of gravitational lenses. Using simulated ALMA observations we explore the effects of various systematics, including antenna phase errors and source priors, and show how such errors may be measured or marginalized. We apply our formalism to ALMA observations of SDP.81. We find evidence for the presence of a M = 108.96±0.12
M
⊙ subhalo near one of the images, with a significance of 6.9σ in a joint fit to data from bands 6 and 7; the effect of the subhalo is also detected in both bands individually. We also derive constraints on the abundance of dark matter (DM) subhalos down to M ∼ 2 × 107
M
⊙, pushing down to the mass regime of the smallest detected satellites in the Local Group, where there are significant discrepancies between the observed population of luminous galaxies and predicted DM subhalos. We find hints of additional substructure, warranting further study using the full SDP.81 data set (including, for example, the spectroscopic imaging of the lensed carbon monoxide emission). We compare the results of this search to the predictions of ΛCDM halos, and find that given current uncertainties in the host halo properties of SDP.81, our measurements of substructure are consistent with theoretical expectations. Observations of larger samples of gravitational lenses with ALMA should be able to improve the constraints on the abundance of galactic substructure.
UNUSUAL POLAR CONDITIONS IN SOLAR CYCLE 24 AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CYCLE 25
Authors: Gopalswamy Nat , Yashiro Seiji , Akiyama Sachiko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on the prolonged solar-maximum conditions until late 2015 at the north-polar region of the Sun indicated by the occurrence of high-latitude prominence eruptions (PEs) and microwave brightness temperature close to the quiet-Sun level. These two aspects of solar activity indicate that the polarity reversal was completed by mid-2014 in the south and late 2015 in the north. The microwave brightness in the south-polar region has increased to a level exceeding the level of the Cycle 23/24 minimum, but just started to increase in the north. The north–south asymmetry in the polarity reversal has switched from that in Cycle 23. These observations lead us to the hypothesis that the onset of Cycle 25 in the northern hemisphere is likely to be delayed with respect to that in the southern hemisphere. We find that the unusual condition in the north is a direct consequence of the arrival of poleward surges of opposite polarity from the active region belt. We also find that multiple rush-to-the-pole episodes were indicated by the PE locations that lined up at the boundary between opposite-polarity surges. The high-latitude PEs occurred in the boundary between the incumbent polar flux and the insurgent flux of opposite polarity.
LTE as a Trunking -Dispatch System
Authors: Gajewski Sławomir , Gajewska Małgorzata , Katulski Ryszard J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the paper solutions of trunking-dispatch systems based on the LTE system are presented. The solution in the form of separate LTE/TDD trunking system is discussed, and the concept of the LTE/FDD trunking system operating in the infrastructure of public, mobile networks is characterised.
Clinical Features and Management of a Median Cleft Lip
Authors: Koh Kyung S. , Kim Do Yeon , Oh Tae Suk 
Published: May 2016

Background Median cleft lip is a rare anomaly consisting of a midline vertical cleft through the upper lip. It can also involve the premaxillary bone, the nasal septum, and the central nervous system. In our current report, we present the clinical features of 6 patients with a median cleft lip and their surgical management according to the accompanying anomalies.
Methods From December 2010 to January 2014, 6 patients with a median cleft lip were reviewed. Five of these cases underwent surgical correction; alveolar bone grafting was performed in a patient with a median alveolar cleft. The surgical technique included inverted-U excision of the upper lip and repair of the orbicularis oris muscle. The mean follow-up period was 20.4 months (range, 7.4–44.0 months).
Results The study patients presented various anomalous features. Five patients received surgical correction, 4 with repair of the median cleft lip, and one with iliac bone grafting for median alveolar cleft. A patient with basal sphenoethmoidal meningocele was managed with transoral endoscopic surgery for repair of the meningocele. Successful surgical repair was achieved in all cases with no postoperative complications.
Conclusions Relatively mild forms of median cleft lip can be corrected with inverted-U excision with good aesthetic outcomes. In addition, there is a broad spectrum of clinical features and various anomalies, such as nasal deformity, alveolar cleft, and short upper frenulum, which require close evaluation. The timing of the operation should be decided considering the presence of other anomalies that can threaten patient survival.
Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Druffel E. R. M. , Griffin S. , Coppola A. I. , Walker B. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMarine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is produced in the surface ocean though its radiocarbon (14C) age in the deep ocean is thousands of years old. Here we show that ≥10% of the DOC in the deep North Atlantic is of postbomb origin and that the 14C age of the prebomb DOC is ≥4900 14C year, ~900 14C year older than previous estimates. We report 14C ages of DOC in the deep South Atlantic that are intermediate between values in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. Finally, we conclude that prebomb DOC 14C ages are older and a portion of deep DOC is more dynamic than previously reported.
Distinctive features of rainfall over the Indian homogeneous rainfall regions between strong and weak Indian summer monsoons
Authors: Zheng Yangxing , Bourassa M. A. , Ali M. M. , Krishnamurti T. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStudies of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR: June–September) on regional scales are critically important for various applications related to agriculture and water management in India. Based on the coherent rainfall over regional scales, the India Meteorological Department defined four so‐called homogeneous regions: northwest India (NWI), northeast India (NEI), central India (CI), and south peninsula India (SPIN). Here we present the salient features of daily rainfall behavior over these four regions and their association with the strength of ISMRs between strong and weak monsoons. Our results reveal that rainfall rates are primarily stronger (weaker) over NWI, CI, and SPIN during strong (weak) monsoons, while rainfall rates over NEI show no remarkable changes between strong and weak monsoons. Specifically, stronger rainfalls over NWI, CI, and SPIN during strong monsoons are generally caused by prolonged and strong wet spells followed by short and weak dry spells, primarily during the mature phase and the withdrawal phase. In contrast, weaker rainfalls over NWI, CI, and SPIN during weak monsoons are mainly caused by the prolonged and strong dry spells, which mostly occur in July–August, followed by short wet spells. The distinctive rainfall features over each region are closely associated with the characteristics of regional convective activity over each region. The rainfall rates over NEI appear insensitive to the strength of ISMRs. Finally, a probability density function analysis indicates that the rainfall rates over the four homogeneous regions between strong and weak monsoons can be characterized by the likelihood of occurrence of different rainfall ranges.
Interactive training improves workplace climate, knowledge, and support towards domestic violence
Authors: Glass Nancy , Hanson Ginger C. , Laharnar Naima , Anger W. Kent , Perrin Nancy 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAs Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) affects the workplace, a supportive workplace climate is important. The study evaluated the effectiveness of an “IPV and the Workplace” training on workplace climate towards IPV.MethodsIPV training was provided to 14 intervention counties and 13 control counties (receiving training 6 months delayed). Measures included workplace climate surveys, IPV knowledge test, and workplace observations.Results(i) Training significantly improved supervisor knowledge on IPV and received positive evaluations, (ii) training improved workplace climate towards IPV significantly which was maintained over time, and (iii) after the training, supervisors provided more IPV information to employees and more IPV postings were available in the workplace.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence to support on‐site interactive, computer based training as a means for improved workplace safety. IPV and the Workplace training effectively increased knowledge and positively changed workplace climate. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:538–548, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactions of Highly Branched Perfluoroolefins with (Pentafluorophenyl)trimethylsilane: Characterization of the Unique Structural Properties of Perfluorinated Super‐Congested Systems
Authors: Nishida Masakazu , Fukaya Haruhiko , Hayakawa Yoshio , Ono Taizo , Fujii Kotaro , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Uekusa Hidehiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHexafluoropropene trimers were reacted with C6F5Si(CH3)3 to provide not only pentafluorophenyl but also perfluorophenylene derivatives [F(C6F4)nC9F17; n=2–9] by successive pentafluorophenylation of perfluoroaryl rings. Their structures, including rotational isomers, were determined by MS, 19F and 13C–{19F} NMR spectroscopy, and/or X‐ray crystallography, and were further confirmed by B3LYP‐GIAO calculation of NMR shieldings. Formation of a pair of gear‐meshed rotamers with clockwise and counterclockwise conformations was identified by NMR measurements for the structures having geminal (CF3)2CF groups at the C=C bond. That the predominantly formed counterclockwise rotamer was gradually converted to the clockwise rotamer over 50 days at room temperature through a synchronized movement of gears was also confirmed by NMR measurements. A comparison between the X‐ray structure and B3LYP calculations showed some structural differences that arise from the crystal packing.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Reammoniation of Alumosilicate Catalysts by High Resolution 1H NMR.
Authors: ERNST H. , FREUDE D. , HUNGER M. , PFEIFER H. , SEIFFERT B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is demonstrated that different lines according to bridging OH‐groups (Bronsted acid sites), non‐acidic silanol groups, NH4+ ions and physisorbed NH3 can be resolved in the 1H MAS NMR spectra of HY‐ and H‐ZSM‐5 zeolites and amorphous alumosilicates after NH3 adsorption.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Cl‐ Ions on the Passivation of Fe‐26 Cr Alloy.
Authors: MITROVIC‐SCEPANOVIC V. , MACDOUGALL B. , GRAHAM M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractResults of electrochemical studies and AES combined with ion sputtering indicate that Cl‐ ions only can be incorporated into anodic oxide films formed on the title alloy when Cl‐ is present in the solution (H2SO4; pH 2) at the beginning of film formation, whereas a relatively short anodization in Cl‐‐free solution is sufficient to prevent any subsequent Cl‐ incorporation.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Radiolysis of Monogermane and the Formation of Solid Germanium Hydride Polymers.
Authors: BELLUATI R. , CASTIGLIONI M. , VOLPE P. , GENNARO M. C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractγ‐Radiolysis of GeH4 results in the formation of solid (GeHx)n (x = 0.55‐1.81) besides H2 and Ge2H6.
ChemInform Abstract: The Compounds Cu0.5LnTe2, Ln: La‐Sm.
Authors: PARDO M.‐P. , NGUYEN HUY DUNG NGUYEN HUY DUNG 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe new series of title compounds has been prepared by annealing a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (550 °C, 2 d; 800 °C, 4 d; 1050 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Metal Bonds Involving the f‐Elements. Part 2. Nature of the Bonding in (η5‐C5H5)2(I)M‐Ru(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2 (M: Zr, Th) Complexes.
Authors: BURSTEN B. E. , NOVO‐GRADAC K. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractXα‐SW MO calculations with relativistic corrections on the title complexes show them to have donor‐acceptor metal‐metal bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylation of Hallerin: Conformational Aspects from X‐Ray Analysis and MO Calculations.
Authors: APPENDINO G. , CHIARI G. , UGLIENGO P. , VITERBO D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe stereochemistry at the ketal center of methylhallerin (I) has been established by X‐ray analysis (space group P212121 with Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: New Applications of Crown Ethers. Part 6. Structural Effects of Bis(benzocrown ether)s and Substituted Benzocrown Ethers on Solvent Extraction and Complexation of Alkali Metal Cations.
Authors: KIKUKAWA K. , HE G.‐X. , ABE A. , GOTO T. , ARATA R. , IKEDA T. , WADA F. , MATSUDA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe benzocrown ethers (I) and (II) and bis(benzocrown ether)s such as (III) and (IV) are prepared by reported methods (described only by a scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetically and Biologically Interesting N‐Acylquinone Imine Ketals and N‐Acylquinol Imine Ethers from Anodic Oxidation of Anilides.
Authors: CHEN C.‐P. , CHOU C.‐T. , SWENTON J. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnodic oxidation of the amides (I) in the presence of a base results in the formation of the title compounds (III), which are stable at ‐10 °C for at least several days.
ChemInform Abstract: Intra‐ and Intermolecular Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Reactions. Part 15. Asymmetric Induction in Grignard and Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Reactions of Chiral α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: TIETZE L. F. , BRAND S. , PFEIFFER T. , ANTEL J. , HARMS K. , SHELDRICK G. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCondensation of the benzaldehydes (I) with (II) yields the arylideneoxazepanediones (III); the structure of the (Z)‐isomer (IIIc) is established by an X‐ray analysis (space group P21, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Methyl Trifluoropyruvate with Aromatic Amines.
Authors: ZELENIN A. E. , CHKANIKOV N. D. , KOLOMIETS A. F. , FOKIN A. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe amines (I) react with methyl trifluoropyruvate (II) to produce the indoline derivatives (III).