bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and assemblage structure of bark‐dwelling spiders in tropical rainforest and plantations under different management intensities in Xishuangbanna, China
Authors: Zheng Guo , Li Shuqiang , Wu Pengfeng , Liu Shengjie , Kitching Roger L. , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

In tropical Southeast Asia, large‐scale establishment of forest plantations has reduced forest diversity and altered arthropod assemblages by changing plant communities and ecological properties. Few studies address the impacts of forest change on important predatory groups on tree trunks.

We compared spider assemblages on tree trunks in natural forests and three forest plantation types in the Xishuangbanna area of southwestern China, to determine how tropical forest management influences bark‐dwelling spider composition. Spiders were sampled using trunk traps in tropical seasonal rain forests (TSRF), rubber plantations (RP), rubber‐tea mixtures (RTM) and Aporosa yunnanensis plantations (AYP).

Spider species composition differed between TSRF and forest plantations. Canopy cover in both seasons and grass cover and shrub cover in the dry season well explained species assemblages. Spider diversity between TSRF and forest plantations differed more distinctly in the rainy season. AYP had an intermediate level of disturbance, which was associated with highest species richness, whereas TSRF had the highest beta diversity. The mean number of individuals was the highest in RP, but species richness and beta diversity were the lowest.

An intermediate level of disturbance increased alpha diversity of bark‐dwelling spiders, whereas intensive management that altered vegetation structure had adverse effects on these spiders. Preservation or enhancement of surface vegetation in RP may maintain or increase species richness of bark‐dwelling spiders. The highest beta diversity of the TSRF indicated that undisturbed natural forests better conserved regional spider diversity than plantations.
Se in Se‐enriched peanut, and losses during peanut protein preparation
Authors: Gao Lin , Luo Dongsheng , Hu Xiaosong , Wu Jihong 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis study determined the Se species in Se‐enriched peanut, and Se losses during peanut protein processing by enzymatic extraction, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry determination. The study revealed that mixed enzymes (protease and lipase, 2:1 w/w) in Na2S2O3, assisted by 1 h ultrasonic processing, could effectively extract Se speciation from defatted peanut powder. Separation of organic Se by HPLC was optimised using pentafluoropropionic anhydride at a concentration of 0.1% in 2% methanol as mobile phase. Selenomethionine is the dominant Se species in peanut, accounting for 65% of the total Se. During the peanut protein preparation, nearly 37% of Se losses were due to the complexity of the multistage process. The loss can be ascribed to volatilisation, dissolution, degradation or other physical modes of transfer or loss.
Optimisation of minimal processing variables to preserve the functional quality and colour of carrot juice by means of the response surface methodology
Authors: Ferrario Mariana , Guerrero Sandra , Char Cielo 
Published: January 2017

SummaryCombined processes based on acidification (pH: 4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and mild thermal treatments (T: 56, 58, 60°C) at different exposure times (t: 2, 4, 6 min) were optimised using the response surface methodology to improve the functional quality of carrot juice. The effects on α‐ and β‐carotenes, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and colour parameters were assessed. All combinations exhibited higher α‐ and β‐carotenes than untreated juice due to an increase on the extractability during processing. T was the most influential factor increasing carotenes as T increased. Conversely, TAA was more affected by pH. The maximum TAA was observed at pH 4.5 at 56°C. Moreover, samples with the lowest pH were the most luminous with highest a* and b*. The combination of pH 4.5 at 60°C, 4 min simultaneously showed high carotenes and TAA, resulting a good alternative to improve the functional quality and colour of carrot juice.
Multialloying effect on thermophysical properties of Cr7C3‐type carbides
Authors: Chong XiaoYu , Jiang YeHua , Zhou Rong , Feng Jing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe alloying element effect on the thermophysical properties of Cr7C3‐type ceramics is essential for the applications. The thermal expansion for these compounds is calculated using quasi‐harmonic approximation combined with density functional theory. The linear expansion coefficient along [100] direction is larger than that along [010] and [001] direction. The B‐ and Mo‐codoped Fe4Cr3C3 has the smallest thermal expansion coefficient. We obtained the temperature dependence of bulk modulus, pressure derivative modulus, and the Grüneisen constants. Furthermore, we propose a new method to calculate the anisotropy of minimum thermal conductivity which is suitable to the large complex unit cells. The three‐dimensional (3D) expression of anisotropy of minimum thermal conductivity are presented companied with planar projections on (100), (010), (001), and (110) crystal planes. The minimum thermal conductivity of Fe3Cr3WC2B is lower than other multicomponent compounds. The charge density differences and chemical bonding between Mo/W and B are found to be the key factor on the thermophysical properties of these compounds.
Burnout mediates the association between depression and patient safety perceptions: a cross‐sectional study in hospital nurses
Authors: Johnson Judith , Louch Gemma , Dunning Alice , Johnson Olivia , Grange Angela , Reynolds Caroline , Hall Louise , O'Hara Jane 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between depressive symptoms, burnout and perceptions of patient safety. A mediation model was proposed whereby the association between symptoms of depression and patient safety perceptions was mediated by burnout.BackgroundThere is growing interest in the relationships between depressive symptoms and burnout in healthcare staff and the safety of patient care. Depressive symptoms are higher in healthcare staff than the general population and overlap conceptually with burnout. However, minimal research has investigated these variables in nurses. Given the conceptual overlap between depressive symptoms and burnout, there is also a need for an explanatory model outlining the relative contributions of these factors to patient safety.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire was distributed at three acute NHS Trusts.MethodThree‐hundred and twenty‐three hospital nursing staff completed measures of depressive symptoms, burnout and patient safety perceptions (including measures at the level of the individual and the work area/unit) between December 2015 ‐ February 2016.ResultsWhen tested in separate analyses, depressive symptoms and burnout facets were each associated with both patient safety measures. Furthermore, the proposed mediation model was supported, with associations between depressive symptoms and patient safety perceptions fully mediated by burnout.ConclusionThese results suggest that symptoms of depression and burnout in hospital nurses may have implications for patient safety. However, interventions to improve patient safety may be best targeted at improving burnout in particular, with burnout interventions known to be most effective when focused at both the individual and the organisational level.
Environmental Impacts of Capital Formation
Authors: Södersten Carl‐Johan , Wood Richard , Hertwich Edgar G. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe investment in capital goods is a well‐known driver of economic activity, associated resource use, and environmental impact. In national accounting, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) constitutes a substantial share of the total final demand of goods and services, both in terms of monetary turnover and embodied resources. In this article, we study the structure of GFCF and the environmental impacts associated with it on a global scale, and link it to measures of development. We find that the share of GFCF as part of the total carbon footprint (CF) varies more across countries than GFCF as a share of gross domestic product (GDP). Countries in early phases of development generally tend to invest in resource‐intensive assets, primarily infrastructure and machinery, whereas wealthier countries invest in less resource‐intensive assets, such as computers, software, and services. By performing a structural decomposition analysis, we assess the relative importance of investment structure and input‐output multipliers for the difference in carbon intensity of capital assets, and find that the structure of investments plays a larger role for less‐developed countries than for developed countries. We find a relative decoupling of the CF of GFCF from GDP, but we can neither confirm nor rule out the possibility of an absolute decoupling.
Closing Global Material Loops: Initial Insights into Firm‐Level Challenges
Authors: Prosman Ernst J. , Wæhrens Brian V. , Liotta Giacomo 
Published: January 2017

SummarySharing and exchanging waste materials between industrial actors, a practice known as industrial symbiosis (IS), has been identified as a key strategy for closing material loops. This article adopts a critical view on geographical proximity and external coordinators—two key enablers of IS. By “uncovering” a case where both enablers are absent, this study seeks to explore firm‐level challenges of IS. We adopt an exploratory case‐study approach at a cement manufacturer who engages in cross‐border IS without the support of external coordinators. Our research presents insights into two key areas of IS: (1) setting up the initial IS exchange and (2) improving the performance of existing IS exchanges. Moreover, our research provides initial insights into the underlying nature of the related firm‐level challenges and explores how internal coordination between manufacturing and purchasing may or may not act as a substitute for geographical proximity and external coordinators. In doing so, our insights into firm‐level challenges of long‐distance IS exchanges contribute to closing global material loops by increasing the number of potential circular pathways.
Diversity in the organization of elastin bundles and intramembranous muscles in bat wings
Authors: Cheney Jorn A. , Allen Justine J. , Swartz Sharon M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnlike birds and insects, bats fly with wings composed of thin skin that envelops the bones of the forelimb and spans the area between the limbs, digits, and sometimes the tail. This skin is complex and unusual; it is thinner than typical mammalian skin and contains organized bundles of elastin and embedded skeletal muscles. These elements are likely responsible for controlling the shape of the wing during flight and contributing to the aerodynamic capabilities of bats. We examined the arrangement of two macroscopic architectural elements in bat wings, elastin bundles and wing membrane muscles, to assess the diversity in bat wing skin morphology. We characterized the plagiopatagium and dactylopatagium of 130 species from 17 families of bats using cross‐polarized light imaging. This method revealed structures with distinctive relative birefringence, heterogeneity of birefringence, variation in size, and degree of branching. We used previously published anatomical studies and tissue histology to identify birefringent structures, and we analyzed their architecture across taxa. Elastin bundles, muscles, neurovasculature, and collagenous fibers are present in all species. Elastin bundles are oriented in a predominantly spanwise or proximodistal direction, and there are five characteristic muscle arrays that occur within the plagiopatagium, far more muscle than typically recognized. These results inform recent functional studies of wing membrane architecture, support the functional hypothesis that elastin bundles aid wing folding and unfolding, and further suggest that all bats may use these architectural elements for flight. All species also possess numerous muscles within the wing membrane, but the architecture of muscle arrays within the plagiopatagium varies among families. To facilitate present and future discussion of these muscle arrays, we refine wing membrane muscle nomenclature in a manner that reflects this morphological diversity. The architecture of the constituents of the skin of the wing likely plays a key role in shaping wings during flight.
Exploration of the psychosocial issues associated with gastroparesis: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Woodhouse Sally , Hebbard Geoff , Knowles Simon R 
Published: January 2017

Aims and objectivesTo build on the understanding of how individuals experience gastroparesis, how gastroparesis impacts on their lives and how they adapt to living with gastroparesis.BackgroundGastroparesis is a neurogastroenterological disorder associated with increased psychological distress and reduced quality of life. Research shows that gastroparesis poses a significant burden across many facets of life; however, less is known about how individuals cope and adapt to living with the condition.DesignThe study employed an interpretive phenomenological approach with semistructured interviews and thematic analysis.MethodsTen gastroparesis patients were interviewed over the telephone (n = 8), Skype (n = 1) or face‐to‐face (n = 1). All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed.ResultsKey themes identified: (1) frustration, (2) identity and (3) coping and adaptation. Gastroparesis patients experience significant frustration around their diagnostic journey, being misunderstood and the burden of living with the illness. Patients differed in how they identified with the illness, and this appeared to be associated with adaptation and whether they remained socially engaged.ConclusionsGastroparesis is associated with significant frustration and burden; however, some patients adapt to living with the condition more effectively than others. Identity appears to play an important role in this relationship. Support aimed at fostering a health‐focused and resilient identity may assist gastroparesis patients in adaptation.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study can help nurses and other healthcare professionals better understand the experience of living with gastroparesis and the factors that help patients best adapt to living with the condition. Nurses can help promote resilience in patients by discussing the importance of being health‐focused rather than illness‐focused. Nurses can also support patients by helping them problem‐solve issues that may arise around social eating and remaining socially engaged.
Accessing new understandings of trauma‐informed care with queer birthing women in a rural context
Authors: Searle Jennifer , Goldberg Lisa , Aston Megan , Burrow Sylvia 
Published: January 2017

Aims and objectivesParticipant narratives from a feminist and queer phenomenological study aim to broaden current understandings of trauma. Examining structural marginalisation within perinatal care relationships provides insights into the impact of dominant models of care on queer birthing women. More specifically, validation of queer experience as a key finding from the study offers trauma‐informed strategies that reconstruct formerly disempowering perinatal relationships.BackgroundHeteronormativity governs birthing spaces and presents considerable challenges for queer birthing women who may also have an increased risk of trauma due to structurally marginalising processes that create and maintain socially constructed differences.DesignAnalysis of the qualitative data was guided by feminist and queer phenomenology. This was well suited to understanding queer women's storied narratives of trauma, including disempowering processes of structural marginalisation.MethodsSemistructured and conversational interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of thirteen queer‐identified women who had experiences of birthing in rural Nova Scotia, Canada.ResultsValidation was identified as meaningful for queer women in the context of perinatal care in rural Nova Scotia. Offering new perspectives on traditional models of assessment provide strategies to create a context of care that reconstructs the birthing space insofar as women at risk do not have to come out as queer in opposition to the expectation of heterosexuality.ConclusionsNormative practices were found to further the effects of structural marginalisation suggesting that perinatal care providers, including nurses, can challenge dominant models of care and reconstruct the relationality between queer women and formerly disempowering expectations of heteronormativity that govern birthing spaces.Relevance to clinical practiceNew trauma‐informed assessment strategies reconstruct the relationality within historically disempowering perinatal relationships through potentiating difference which avoids retraumatising women with re‐experiencing the process of coming out as queer in opposition to the expectation of heterosexuality.
Sole Physical Custody and Mother's Repartnering After Divorce
Authors: Schnor Christine , Pasteels Inge , Van Bavel Jan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResearch consistently finds that divorced mothers with full‐time residential children exhibit lower repartnering rates than mothers whose children also stay with their ex‐partners. Yet the selectivity of mothers who take up sole physical custody could have biased the estimations. Using data from the Divorce‐in‐Flanders study (N = 959), the authors model mothers' heterogeneity in the uptaking of sole physical custody as a factor influencing repartnering. They find that failure to account for the endogeneity of sole physical custody leads to a large underestimation of its effect on repartnering. Accounting for its endogeneity, sole physical custody reduced the mother's repartnering rate by 63%, whereas this was just 33% according to the naïve estimate. The results suggest that mothers with full‐time residential children are disproportionally selected among those who have better chances of repartnering but that sole physical custody itself acts as an important impediment to stepfamily formation following divorce.
Should we recommend exercise to adolescents with depressive symptoms? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Radovic Sara , Gordon Michael S , Melvin Glenn A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere is growing interest in the potential role of exercise in the reduction of depressive symptoms. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to examine whether exercise reduces depressive symptoms amongst depressed adolescents. The following databases were searched on 30 January 2015: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscuss and PUBMED. Studies were included if they examined exercise interventions amongst adolescents with clinical levels of depressive symptoms, were published in peer‐reviewed journals in the English language and contained a control/comparison group. Of 6631 retrieved studies, eight studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random effects model due to the high level of heterogeneity identified amongst studies (
I

2 = 65.1, P < .005). The analysis revealed a moderate reduction in depressive symptoms post‐intervention (Hedge's g = −0.61, P = .007). This analysis provides preliminary evidence that exercise is effective in reducing symptoms of depression among adolescents with clinical levels of depressive symptoms. The present meta‐analysis, however, is limited by the generally low quality of included studies, high level of between‐study heterogeneity and restriction of inclusion criteria to published studies. Further high‐quality trials with depressed adolescents are needed to determine the efficacy of exercise in the reduction of depressive symptoms and the exercise parameters associated with the antidepressant effects of exercise.
Low sugar nutrition policies and dental caries: A study of primary schools in South Auckland
Authors: Thornley Simon , Marshall Roger , Reynolds Gary , Koopu Pauline , Sundborn Gerhard , Schofield Grant 
Published: January 2017

AimThe study assessed whether a healthy food policy implemented in one school, Yendarra Primary, situated in a socio‐economically deprived area of South Auckland, had improved student oral health by comparing dental caries levels with students of similar schools in the same region with no such policy.MethodsRecords of caries of the primary and adult teeth were obtained between 2007 and 2014 for children attending Yendarra, and were compared to those of eight other public schools in the area, with a similar demographic profile. Children were selected between the ages of 8 and 11 years. Linear regression models were used to estimate the strength of association between attending Yendarra school and dental caries.ResultsDuring the study period, 3813 records were obtained of children who attended dental examinations and the schools of interest. In a linear model, mean number of carious primary and adult teeth were 0.37 lower (95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.65) in Yendarra school children, compared to those in other schools, after adjustment for confounders. Pacific students had higher numbers of carious teeth (adjusted β coefficient: 0.25; 95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.46) than Māori.ConclusionThis nutrition policy, implemented in a school in the poorest region of South Auckland, which restricted sugary food and drink availability, was associated with a marked positive effect on the oral health of students, compared to students in surrounding schools. We recommend that such policies are a useful means of improving child oral health.
Dentists' perspective about dental amalgam: current use and future direction
Authors: Bakhurji Eman , Scott Thayer , Mangione Thomas , Sohn Woosung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn 2013, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) reached a binding agreement – a.k.a. the Minamata treaty – to decrease dental amalgam use. This study aims to investigate US dentists' current practice and opinions about amalgam use, and to determine factors affecting their amalgam use and opinions.MethodsA total of 45,557 general dentists and 5,101 pediatric dentists were invited to participate in a pre‐tested electronic survey. The survey consisted of 12 close‐ended questions using a 5‐point Likert Scale. The Qualtrics™ software was used to distribute the survey, followed by three reminders.ResultsResponse rate was 5.2 percent for general dentists, and 17.6 percent for pediatric dentists. Sixty‐two percent of general dentists and 56 percent of pediatric dentists reported using amalgam. Most dentists disagreed with banning amalgam, while agreeing with installing amalgam separators. Environmentally conscious dentists were more likely to agree with banning amalgam and installing amalgam separators.ConclusionResponding dentists favor the continued use of dental amalgam. Their perspectives vary by several factors including dentists' environmental consciousness. Policies toward minimizing amalgam's environmental impact need to be implemented.