bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iteratively coupled solution strategies for a four‐field mixed finite element method for poroelasticity
Authors: Yi Son‐Young , Bean Maranda L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we consider numerical algorithms for modeling of the time‐dependent coupling between the fluid flow and deformation in elastic porous media. Here, we employ a four‐field formulation which uses the total stress, displacement, flux, and pressure as its primary variables and satisfies Darcy's law and linear elasticity in mixed weak form. We present four different iteratively coupled methods, known as drained, undrained, fixed‐strain, and fixed‐stress splits, in which the diffusion operator is separated from the elasticity operator and the two subproblems are solved in a staggered way while ensuring convergence of the solution at each time step. A‐priori convergence results for each iterative coupling which differs from those found when using a traditional two‐field or three‐field formulation are presented. We also present some numerical results to support the convergence estimates and to show the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients with retinoblastoma and chromosome 13q deletions have increased chemotherapy‐related toxicities
Authors: Brennan Rachel C. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Billups Catherine A. , Kaluzny Tracy , Furman Wayne L. , Wilson Matthew W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundA total of 5–10% of patients with retinoblastoma (RB) harbor deletion of the long arm (q) chromosome 13 (13q‐). The treatment‐related toxicities in this population have not been described.MethodsSixty‐eight RB patients on a single institutional protocol (RET5) from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed. Genetic screening identified 11 patients (seven female) with 13q‐. Patients with early (Reese‐Ellsworth [R‐E] group I–III) disease (6/23 with 13q‐) received eight courses of vincristine/carboplatin (VC). Patients with advanced (R‐E group IV‐V) bilateral disease (2/27 with 13q‐) received two courses of vincristine/topotecan (VT) followed by nine courses of alternating VT/VC. Patients undergoing upfront enucleation received histopathology‐based chemotherapy: intermediate risk (2/8 with 13q‐) or high risk (1/10 with 13q‐). Dose reductions were mandated for >7 day delay in two consecutive courses following hematologic toxicity. Grades 3 and 4 hematologic, infectious, and gastrointestinal toxicities were compared between RET5 patients with and without 13q‐.ResultsDemographics were similar between groups. When present, prolonged neutropenia (median 7 days, range 0–14 days) delayed chemotherapy and resulted in more frequent dose reductions among 13q‐ patients (5/11) than non‐13q‐ patients (4/57) (P < 0.01). GI toxicity was similar between groups (5/11 13q‐ vs. 13/57 non‐13q‐; P = 0.14), but halted chemotherapy in one 13q‐ patient. Infectious complications and disease outcomes were similar between groups. At follow‐up, all patients are alive (median 6.1 years, range 7.6 months–9.5 years).Conclusions13q‐ RB patients had a higher incidence of neutropenia requiring chemotherapy dose reductions, but did not have increased treatment failure.
Durability of polymeric encapsulation materials in a PMMA/glass concentrator photovoltaic system
Authors: Miller David C. , Kempe Michael D. , Muller Matthew T. , Gray Matthew H. , Araki Kenji , Kurtz Sarah R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe durability of polymeric encapsulation materials was examined using outdoor exposure at the nominal geometric concentration of 500 suns. The results for 36‐month cumulative field deployment are presented for materials including: poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate), (EVA); polyvinyl butyral (PVB); ionomer; polyethylene/polyoctene copolymer (PO); thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS); poly(diphenyl dimethyl siloxane) (PDPDMS); and poly(phenyl‐methyl siloxane) (PPMS). Measurements of the field conditions including ambient temperature and ultraviolet (UV) dose were recorded at the test site during the experiment. Measurements for the experiment included optical transmittance (with subsequent analysis of solar‐weighted transmittance, UV cut‐off wavelength, and yellowness index), mass, visual photography, photoelastic imaging, and fluorescence spectroscopy. While the results to date for EVA are presented and discussed, examination here focuses more on the siloxane materials. A specimen recently observed to fail by thermal decomposition is discussed in terms of the implementation of the experiment as well as its fluorescence signature, which was observed to become more pronounced with age. Modulated thermogravimetry (allowing determination of the activation energy of thermal decomposition) was performed on a subset of the siloxanes to quantify the propensity for decomposition at elevated temperatures. Supplemental, Pt‐catalyst‐ and primer‐solutions as well as peroxide‐cured PDMS specimens were examined to assess the source of the luminescence. The results of the study including the change in optical transmittance, observed failure modes, and subsequent analyses of the failure modes are described in the conclusions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and kinetic modeling of biomass‐derived renewable polyesters
Authors: Lomelí‐Rodríguez Mónica , Martín‐Molina Miguel , Jiménez‐Pardo María , Nasim‐Afzal Zahara , Cauët Solène I. , Davies Thomas E. , Rivera‐Toledo Martín , Lopez‐Sanchez Jose A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe biomass‐derived polyesters poly(1,3‐propylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PPF), poly(1,3‐propylene succinate) (PPS) and poly(1,3‐propylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate‐co‐1,3‐propylene succinate) (PPFPS) have been synthesizedviaa two‐step process involving polycondensation and azeotropic distillation. The kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data from a batch polymerization reactor to three different kinetic models for polyesterification reactions. The activation energies of the all monomer systems were obtained by Arrhenius plots. Given the increasing availability of biomass‐derived monomers their use in renewable polyesters as substitutes for fossil fuel derived chemicals becomes a distinct possibility. The kinetic modeling of the uncatalyzed polyesterification reactions will enable further integrative process simulation of the studied bioderived polymers and provide a reference for future practical study or industrial applications of catalyzed polyesterification reactions and other bioderived monomer systems. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2016,54, 2876–2887
Peer‐to‐peer cooperation for GPS positioning
Authors: Morosi Simone , Martinelli Alessio , Del Re Enrico 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a peer‐to‐peer cooperative positioning technique together with its performance assessment. The cooperation between the two GPS receivers is realized by means of a wireless LAN connection and is significantly influenced by the accurateness of the synchronization between the two terminals. Both the outdoor‐to‐indoor and outdoor‐to‐outdoor scenarios are considered. For each scenario, we assess the satellite signal acquisition and its computational load and the performance in terms of position accuracy and time‐to‐first‐fix of the positioning procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating time to event characteristics via longitudinal threshold regression models ‐ an application to cervical dilation progression
Authors: Mulatya Caroline M. , McLain Alexander C. , Cai Bo , Hardin James W. , Albert Paul S. 
Published: July 2016

In longitudinal studies, it is sometimes of interest to estimate the distribution of the time a longitudinal process takes to traverse from one threshold to another. For example, the distribution of the time it takes a woman's cervical dilation to progress from 3 to 4 cm can aid the decision‐making of obstetricians as to whether a stalled labor should be allowed to proceed or stopped in favor of other options. Often researchers treat this type of data structure as interval censored and employ traditional survival analysis methods. However, the traditional interval censoring approaches are inefficient in that they do not use all of the available data. In this paper, we propose utilizing a longitudinal threshold model to estimate the distribution of the elapsed time between two thresholds of the longitudinal process from repeated measurements. We extend this modeling framework to be used with multiple thresholds. A Wiener process under the first hitting time framework is used to represent survival distribution. We demonstrate our model through simulation studies and an analysis of data from the Consortium on Safe Labor study. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Concise Review: Salivary Gland Regeneration: Therapeutic Approaches from Stem Cells to Tissue Organoids
Authors: Lombaert Isabelle , Movahednia Mohammad M. , Adine Christabella , Ferreira Joao N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The human salivary gland (SG) has an elegant architecture of epithelial acini, connecting ductal branching structures, vascular and neuronal networks that together function to produce and secrete saliva. This review focuses on the translation of cell- and tissue-based research toward therapies for patients suffering from SG hypofunction and related dry mouth syndrome (xerostomia), as a consequence of radiation therapy or systemic disease. We will broadly review the recent literature and discuss the clinical prospects of stem/progenitor cell and tissue-based therapies for SG repair and/or regeneration. Thus far, several strategies have been proposed for the purpose of restoring SG function: (1) transplanting autologous SG-derived epithelial stem/progenitor cells; (2) exploiting non-epithelial cells and/or their bioactive lysates; and (3) tissue engineering approaches using 3D (three-dimensional) biomaterials loaded with SG cells and/or bioactive cues to mimic in vivo SGs. We predict that further scientific improvement in each of these areas will translate to effective therapies toward the repair of damaged glands and the development of miniature SG organoids for the fundamental restoration of saliva secretion.
Joint data compression and MAC protocol design for smartgrids with renewable energy
Authors: Tan Le Thanh , Le Long Bao 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the joint design of data compression and 802.15.4‐based medium access control (MAC) protocol for smartgrids with renewable energy. We study the setting where a number of nodes, each of which comprises electricity load and/or renewable sources, report periodically their injected powers to a data concentrator. Our design exploits the correlation of the reported data in both time and space to efficiently design the data compression using the compressed sensing technique and the MAC protocol so that the reported data can be recovered reliably within minimum reporting time. Specifically, we perform the following design tasks: (i) we employ the two‐dimensional (2D) compressed sensing technique to compress the reported data in the distributed manner; (ii) we propose to adapt the 802.15.4 MAC protocol frame structure to enable efficient data transmission and reliable data reconstruction; and (iii) we develop an analytical model based on which we can obtain efficient MAC parameter configuration to minimize the reporting delay. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework compared with existing solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Analysis of Two Energetic Salts Based on Nitro Phenolic Compounds with Diamino‐glyoxine
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Qin Jian , Yin Xin , Zhang Jian‐Guo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs a key research objective for environmentally friendly energetic materials, energetic salts without heavy metal have received wide attention. The energetic salts DAG·PA·H2O (1) and DAG·TNR·H2O (2) were synthesized by using diamino‐glyoxine (DAG) and picric acid (PA) or 2, 4,6‐trinitro‐resorcinol (TNR) as raw materials, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Single crystals of the title salts were cultured and their structures were determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Both salts belong to the triclinic space group P1 with density values of 1.764 and 1.751 g·cm–3, respectively. The thermal decomposition behaviors of both salts were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the non‐isothermal kinetic parameters and the critical temperature of thermal explosion were calculated. The heats of formation for the salts were also determined through the combustion heats date measured by using the oxygen bomb calorimetry. In addition, the detonation pressure (P) and detonation velocities (D) of the salts were predicted by using the K‐J equations, and their sensitivities towards impact and friction were tested. The results indicated that the title salts have potential applications in the field of energetic materials.
Geometry of Logarithmic Strain Measures in Solid Mechanics
Authors: Neff Patrizio , Eidel Bernhard , Martin Robert J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe consider the two logarithmic strain measures$$\begin{array}{ll} {\omega_{\mathrm{iso}}} = ||{{\mathrm dev}_n {\mathrm log} U} || = ||{{\mathrm dev}_n {\mathrm log} \sqrt{F^TF}}|| \quad \text{ and } \quad \\ {\omega_{\mathrm{vol}}} = |{{\mathrm tr}({\mathrm log} U)} = |{{\mathrm tr}({\mathrm log}\sqrt{F^TF})}| = |{\mathrm log}({\mathrm det} U)|\,,\end{array}$$ωiso=||devnlogU||=||devnlogFTF||andωvol=|tr(logU)=|tr(logFTF)|=|log(detU)|,which are isotropic invariants of the Hencky strain tensor$${\log U}$$logU, and show that they can be uniquely characterized by purely geometric methods based on the geodesic distance on the general linear group$${{\rm GL}(n)}$$GL(n). Here,$${F}$$Fis the deformation gradient,$${U=\sqrt{F^TF}}$$U=FTFis the right Biot-stretch tensor,$${\log}$$logdenotes the principal matrix logarithm,$${\| \cdot \|}$$‖·‖is the Frobenius matrix norm,$${\rm tr}$$tris the trace operator and$${{\text dev}_n X = X- \frac{1}{n} \,{\text tr}(X)\cdot {\mathbb{1}}}$$devnX=X-1ntr(X)·1is the$${n}$$n-dimensional deviator of$${X\in{\mathbb {R}}^{n \times n}}$$X∈Rn×n. This characterization identifies the Hencky (or true) strain tensor as the natural nonlinear extension of the linear (infinitesimal) strain tensor$${\varepsilon={\text sym}\nabla u}$$ε=sym∇u, which is the symmetric part of the displacement gradient$${\nabla u}$$∇u, and reveals a close geometric relation between the classical quadratic isotropic energy potential$$\mu {\| {\text dev}_n {\text sym} \nabla u \|}^2 + \frac{\kappa}{2}{[{\text tr}({\text sym} \nabla u)]}^2 = \mu {\| {\text dev}_n \varepsilon \|}^2 + \frac{\kappa}{2} {[{\text tr} (\varepsilon)]}^2$$μ‖devnsym∇u‖2+κ2[tr(sym∇u)]2=μ‖devnε‖2+κ2[tr(ε)]2in linear elasticity and the geometrically nonlinear quadratic isotropic Hencky energy$$\mu {\| {\text dev}_n log U \|}^2 + \frac{\kappa}{2}{[{\text tr}(log U)]}^2 = \mu {\omega_{{\text iso}}^2} + \frac{\kappa}{2}{\omega_{{\text vol}}^2},$$μ‖devnlogU‖2+κ2[tr(logU)]2=μωiso2+κ2ωvol2,where$${\mu}$$μis the shear modulus and$${\kappa}$$κdenotes the bulk modulus. Our deduction involves a new fundamental logarithmic minimization property of the orthogonal polar factor$${R}$$R, where$${F=RU}$$F=RUis the polar decomposition of$${F}$$F. We also contrast our approach with prior attempts to establish the logarithmic Hencky strain tensor directly as the preferred strain tensor in nonlinear isotropic elasticity.
Clinical Results of Oxidized Zirconium Femoral Component in TKA. A Review of Long-Term Survival
Authors: Civinini Roberto , Matassi Fabrizio , Carulli Christian , Sirleo Luigi , Lepri Andrea Cozzi , Innocenti Massimo 
Published: July 2016

Background Oxidized zirconium (OxZr) femoral component for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been introduced in an attempt to reduce polyethylene wear and secondary osteolysis and improve longevity of implants. Questions/Purposes We reviewed clinical studies in literature evaluating OxZr femoral component for TKA. The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical outcome and survival rate of TKA with an OxZr femoral component. Methods A review of the existing literature was undertaken to collect data on the OxZr femoral component in order to provide a better understanding of its performance. Of 34 studies published in the literature, 8 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Results Findings indicated that the mean Knee Society knee score improved in all series from preoperative to postoperative evaluation. The postoperative Knee Society knee score reported range from 84 to 95 and mean postoperative Knee Society functional score range from 74 to 90. The revision rate with this implant is low with up to 12.6 years of follow-up, with three revisions in total. The survival rate ranged from 100–98.7% at 5–7 years to 97.8% at 10 years. Conclusions Excellent clinical outcome and high survival rate has been demonstrated for OxZr femoral component in TKA. No adverse reaction has been described for this new material.
Laser performance of the SG-III laser facility
Authors: Zheng Wanguo , Wei Xiaofeng , Zhu Qihua , Jing Feng , Hu Dongxia , Su Jingqin , Zheng Kuixing , Yuan Xiaodong , Zhou Hai , Dai Wanjun , Zhou Wei , Wang Fang , Xu Dangpeng , Xie Xudong , Feng Bin , Peng Zhitao , Guo Liangfu , Chen Yuanbin , Zhang Xiongjun , Liu Lanqin , Lin Donghui , Dang Zhao , Xiang Yong , Deng Xuewei 
Published: July 2016

SG-III laser facility is now the largest laser driver for inertial confinement fusion research in China. The whole laser facility can deliver 180 kJ energy and 60 TW power ultraviolet laser onto target, with power balance better than 10%. We review the laser system and introduce the SG-III laser performance here.
Ionospheric Modelling using GPS to Calibrate the MWA. II: Regional Ionospheric Modelling using GPS and GLONASS to Estimate Ionospheric Gradients
Authors: Arora B. S. , Morgan J. , Ord S. M. , Tingay S. J. , Bell M. , Callingham J. R. , Dwarakanath K. S. , For B.-Q. , Hancock P. , Hindson L. , Hurley-Walker N. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kapińska A. D. , Lenc E. , McKinley B. , Offringa A. R. , Procopio P. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wayth R. B. , Wu C. , Zheng Q. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe estimate spatial gradients in the ionosphere using the Global Positioning System and GLONASS (Russian global navigation system) observations, utilising data from multiple Global Positioning System stations in the vicinity of Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory. In previous work, the ionosphere was characterised using a single-station to model the ionosphere as a single layer of fixed height and this was compared with ionospheric data derived from radio astronomy observations obtained from the Murchison Widefield Array. Having made improvements to our data quality (via cycle slip detection and repair) and incorporating data from the GLONASS system, we now present a multi-station approach. These two developments significantly improve our modelling of the ionosphere. We also explore the effects of a variable-height model. We conclude that modelling the small-scale features in the ionosphere that have been observed with the MWA will require a much denser network of Global Navigation Satellite System stations than is currently available at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory.
Flutter of Systems with Many Freedoms
Authors: Duncan W. J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryExperience has shown that it is often necessary to retain many degrees of freedom in order to calculate critical nutter speeds reliably, but this entails much labour. Part I discusses the choice of a minimum set of freedoms and suggests that this should be based on the equation of energy and the use of the Lagrangian dynamical equation corresponding to any proposed additional freedom. The methods for conducting flutter calculations so as to minimise labour are treated in Part II.
Determination of Drag of Jet-Propelled Aircraft in Flight
Authors: Trevelyan G. W. , Blundell D. R. 
Published: July 2016

In order to obtain full knowledge of the performance of an aircraft, one of the important quantities to be determined is the drag. The usual procedure is to measure the level speed of the aeroplane and to calculate the drag under these conditions from the engine thrust, as obtained from the engine makers’ specification. To do this, accurate thrust data are essential and in certain cases these may not be readily available.In order to eliminate the possibility of systematic errors in the determination of engine thrust, a method has been developed whereby the drag at low Mach number can be measured directly,under such conditions that accurate knowledge of the engine performance is of minor importance. This method is satisfactory only on jetpropelled aircraft, since on conventional aircraft there are the added complications of propellers, slipstream, radiators and so on.The method has been used to determine the drag of the de Havilland D.H. 100 Vampire and has given good results. The drag determined from earlier tests by the usual procedure is found to be in good agreement with that given by the new method.
Displacements of a Linear Elastic System Under a Given Transient Load
Authors: Williams D. 
Published: July 2016

A method is described for obtaining the displacements (and hence the stresses) of a linear elastic system under a given transient load in a more accurate and more expeditious manner than is possible by the standard method. For simplicity, ho account is taken of damping forces in describing the method.The method is of interest to engineers and others who require to obtain numerical answers to problems of the type described above. It depends upon the fact that in many practical cases of transient loads the inertia forces in the series of normal modes of an elastic system converge rapidly, compared with the series of “normal” loadings in terms of which the spatial distribution of the applied load can be expressed.
A Simplified Theory of “Simple Waves“
Authors: Ghaffari A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis note is concerned with a general and exact solution of the two-dimensional equations of motion of a compressible fluid, which is steady, irrotational and isen-. tropic. The solution arrived at is the generalisation of the Prandtl-Meyer celebrated “wedge solution” to include an expansion around any smooth (or abrupt) convex boundary.We shall obtain the solution of equations for the most general type of motion in which the Cartesian components of velocity are connected by some functional relation throughout the field of flow.Taking into account the conditions of continuity, zero rotation and Bernoulli's equation, together with the fundamental assumption, which implies that the components of fluid velocity are each a function of fluid speed only, it is found that the motion is necessarily supersonic.It is shown that the lines of equal speed, pressure (isobars) and density are all straight lines, although they are not necessarily concurrent as in the original Prandtl-Meyer theory, and further that the component of fluid velocity perpendicular to the isobar is equal to the local velocity of sound.The extended Prandtl-Meyer solution for the flow past an arbitrary fixed boundary is obtained analytically.
Strength of Aeroplanes in Relation to Repeated Loads
Authors: Williams D. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe present position relating to the effect of repeated loads on aircraft structures is reviewed from the point of view of the capacity of aircraft structures to withstand such loads and also of their frequencies of occurrence in the life of the aircraft.A rough account is given of the statistical methods by which such frequencies can be estimated, and the conclusions to which the use of these methods leads are discussed.The note ends with an outline of a suggested programme of research and a brief statement of the conclusions reached.