bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective elastic properties of fractured rocks considering fracture interactions
Authors: Guo Junxin , Fu Bo‐Ye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFracture interactions are an important factor that affects rock effective elastic properties. We study the fracture interaction effects by combinations of theoretical modelling, numerical simulations and experiments in this work. First, we propose a simplified differential effective medium scheme and self‐consistent approximation for effective elastic properties of rocks with aligned fractures, and we compare their results to those of non‐interaction approximation. The results show that the predictions by differential effective medium scheme and self‐consistent approximation are lower than those by non‐interaction approximation. This indicates that the differential effective medium scheme and self‐consistent approximation quantify the stress amplification effects but not stress shielding effects. To validate this, we carry out numerical simulations for cases with coplanar cracks and stacked cracks, respectively. We find that the stress shielding effect (stacked cracks) causes a significant increment of effective elastic stiffnesses of fractured rocks. However, the stress amplification (coplanar cracks) has the opposite effect, which induces a slight reduction in rock effective elastic stiffnesses. The differential effective medium scheme quantifies the lower bound for this effect well. Besides numerical simulations, applying theoretical models in experimental measurements also shows a pronounced effect of stress shielding but a small influence of stress amplification on fractured rock elastic properties. This work indicates that the stress shielding is an important effect that affects fractured rock elastic properties. Without considering this effect, the fracture density may be largely underestimated by the seismic or sonic logging inversion. Hence, the models accounting for stress shielding effects need to be developed in the future, which can combine with the above models for the seismic or sonic logging inversion of fracture properties.
Novel oil‐associated bacteria in Arctic seawater exposed to different nutrient biostimulation regimes
Authors: Davila Aleman Francisco D. , Bautista María A. , McCalder Janine , Jobin Kaiden , Murphy Sean M. C. , Else Brent , Hubert Casey R. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is an oligotrophic ecosystem facing escalating threats of oil spills as ship traffic increases owing to climate change‐induced sea ice retreat. Biostimulation is an oil spill mitigation strategy that involves introducing bioavailable nutrients to enhance crude oil biodegradation by endemic oil‐degrading microbes. For bioremediation to offer a viable response for future oil spill mitigation in extreme Arctic conditions, a better understanding of the effects of nutrient addition on Arctic marine microorganisms is needed. Controlled experiments tracking microbial populations revealed a significant decline in community diversity along with changes in microbial community composition. Notably, differential abundance analysis highlighted the significant enrichment of the unexpected genera Lacinutrix, Halarcobacter and Candidatus Pseudothioglobus. These groups are not normally associated with hydrocarbon biodegradation, despite closer inspection of genomes from closely related isolates confirming the potential for hydrocarbon metabolism. Co‐occurrence analysis further revealed significant associations between these genera and well‐known hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria, suggesting potential synergistic interactions during oil biodegradation. While these findings broaden our understanding of how biostimulation promotes enrichment of endemic hydrocarbon‐degrading genera, further research is needed to fully assess the suitability of nutrient addition as a stand‐alone oil spill mitigation strategy in this sensitive and remote polar marine ecosystem.
Cable bacteria colonise new sediment environments through water column dispersal
Authors: van Dijk Jesper R. , Geelhoed Jeanine S. , Ley Philip , Hidalgo‐Martinez Silvia , Portillo‐Estrada Miguel , Verbruggen Erik , Meysman Filip J. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCable bacteria exhibit a unique metabolism involving long‐distance electron transport, significantly impacting elemental cycling in various sediments. These long filamentous bacteria are distributed circumglobally, suggesting an effective mode of dispersal. However, oxygen strongly inhibits their activity, posing a challenge to their dispersal through the water column. We investigated the effective dispersal of marine cable bacteria in a compartmentalised microcosm experiment. Cable bacteria were grown in natural ‘source’ sediment, and their metabolic activity was recorded in autoclaved ‘destination’ cores, which were only accessible through oxygenated seawater. Colonisation occurred over weeks, and destination cores contained only one cable bacterium strain. Filament ‘snippets’ (fragments with a median size of ~15 cells) accumulated in the microcosm water, with about 30% of snippets attached to sediment particles. Snippet release was also observed in situ in a salt marsh creek. This provides a model for the dispersal of cable bacteria through oxygenated water: snippets are formed by filament breakage in the sediment, released into the overlying water and transported with sediment particles that likely offer protection. These insights are informative for broader theories on microbial community assembly and prokaryotic biogeography in marine sediments.
‘This environment will change you’: Risk factors faced by newly qualified teachers in special education needs schools for learners with physical disabilities
Authors: Kuboni Samukelisiwe , Mawila Daphney 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNewly qualified teachers face several risk factors when entering the teaching profession as novice teachers. This study addressed the gap in knowledge by exploring the risk factors they face in special educational needs schools for learners with physical disabilities. Eight newly qualified teachers were selected purposefully as participants for this study. Qualitative techniques such as a focus group and semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse data. Emotional challenges, lack of support from school authorities, inadequate induction and training, resource shortages and poor maintenance of infrastructure emerged as risk factors faced by newly qualified teachers. In alignment with these findings, the study underscored the role of policymakers, school administrators and teacher training institutions in developing interventions to combat the risk factors faced by newly qualified teachers in special educational needs schools for learners with physical disabilities.
The relationship between four indicators of future time orientation, criminal thinking style, and illegal behaviors
Authors: Squillaro Danielle , Bixter Michael T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndividuals who commit criminal behaviors are often thought to prioritize short‐term goals rather than long‐term goals (i.e., a present vs. a future time orientation). Though previous theories of crime and empirical research support a relationship among future time orientation, criminal thinking, and illegal behaviors, there is disagreement in the literature about how to operationalize the multidimensional construct of future time orientation. The primary aim of this pre‐registered survey study was to measure multiple components of future time orientation to better understand the relationship with criminality‐related outcomes. Participants were 248 undergraduate college students. Survey materials included a measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11), self‐control (Brief Self‐Control Scale), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire), and Carstensen's Future Time Perspective Scale. Participants also completed two measures of criminal thinking style (the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scale, the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale) and an illegal behaviors checklist. Bivariate results demonstrated a negative relationship between future time orientation (i.e., low impulsivity, high self‐control, high future time perspective) and criminal thinking style. The relationship between delay discounting and criminal thinking was in the hypothesized direction but failed to reach statistical significance. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the measure of self‐control had the most consistent and incrementally significant relationship with both criminal thinking style and illegal behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed along with study limitations and future directions.
Adaptation of skin structures to environmental variations in anurans from southern and southwestern China
Authors: CAO Lingsen , LIAO Wenbo , YUAN Lianju , SUN Yanbo , YAN Chengzhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVariations in skin structures can possibly reflect local adaptation to distinct environmental factors. As the primary interface with the surrounding environment, amphibian skin undergoes phenotypic innovations that play a key role in protection, water absorption, and respiration. However, the effects of environmental factors on skin structures have been examined in only a limited number of species. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of the skin structures of 102 Chinese anuran species across varying geographical distributions and habitat types. Our results revealed that the total volume of granular glands and capillary density in the dorsal skin significantly increased with increasing latitude. We also found that the thickness of calcified layers in both dorsal and ventral skin was positively correlated with annual temperature and negatively correlated with humidity. Additionally, terrestrial species exhibited the largest dorsal granular gland, whereas arboreal species had the smallest one. Likewise, the largest dorsal mucous gland was observed in aquatic species, while the smallest was found in terrestrial species. These results highlighted the importance of understanding the relationship between skin phenotypes and environmental variables and thus providing conservation strategies based on the evolutionary adaptations in anurans. Our study can contribute to the broader knowledge of evolutionary biology in anurans by demonstrating how specific skin traits are linked to survival and fitness across various ecological contexts.
Comprehensive amino acids profiling: Grape varieties grown in California and in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Lima Maísa M. M. , Choy Ying Yng , Runnebaum Ron C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwenty‐three amino acids and glutathione were profiled in 33 juices: Cabernet sauvignon, Cabernet franc, and Merlot grown in Bolgheri, Tuscany, Italy, and Napa Valley, CA, as well as Petit Verdot grown in Napa Valley, CA. The method was carried out by online pre‐column derivatization followed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection; residual standard deviation values for repeatability (n = 20) were <5%. All amino acids could be successfully separated in these samples within 18 min. The most abundant amino acids, PRO, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and ARG, varied by two‐, two‐, and three‐fold, respectively, across all of the grape juices sampled. Comparisons between grape juices based on their geographic origin and variety were made with principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Merlot juices from both regions were correlated differently by amino acids profile than Cabernet sauvignon and Cabernet franc juices. The amino acids profile in Merlot juices was more similar between most sites in Bolgheri. In contrast, Cabernet sauvignon and Cabernet franc juices had a higher similarity between vineyards in Bolgheri and vineyards in Napa Valley. Overall, most of the amino acids quantified in Cabernet franc juices and, to a lesser degree, Cabernet sauvignon juices from Bolgheri and Napa Valley vineyards were strongly correlated with each other.
Acute amiodarone‐induced pulmonary toxicity in adult ICU patients with new‐onset atrial fibrillation—A systematic review
Authors: Ling‐Vannerus Theodor , Skrubbeltrang Conni , Schjørring Olav L. , Møller Morten H. , Rasmussen Bodil S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundNew‐onset atrial fibrillation or flutter (NOAF) is a common arrhythmia in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Intravenous amiodarone is one of the most used anti‐arrhythmic drugs, despite its risk of inducing acute amiodarone‐induced pulmonary toxicity (APT). We aimed to outline the body of evidence on acute APT in ICU patients with NOAF.MethodsWe performed a systematic search using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) approach. We included studies of adults admitted to the ICU, who developed NOAF during their ICU stay, were treated with amiodarone, and reported on acute APT, irrespective of research design. The CASE guidelines were applied to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and study results are reported in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.ResultsNo randomised controlled trials or observational studies were identified. Nine case reports and one retrospective case series of fatal outcomes in ICU patients treated with amiodarone for NOAF constituted the evidence base. The quality of the included studies was high with a mean of 10 (range 8–12) of the 13 CASE guideline criteria fulfilled. The studies included a total of 16 critically ill adults who was diagnosed with acute APT after a mean of 9 days (range 2–20 days) following initiation of amiodarone with a mean total dose of amiodarone of 4553 mg (range 1100–13,500 mg) predominantly administrated intravenously. Three out of nine patients in the case reports died in the ICU during the amiodarone treatment. No long‐term follow‐up was conducted for the survivors.ConclusionAcute APT in adult ICU patients treated with amiodarone for NOAF is poorly described and is based on a total of 16 reported cases. Additional studies assessing the safety of amiodarone in critically ill adults with NOAF in the ICU is warranted.
Ice‐cold storage or controlled hypothermia to preserve marginal grafts in high‐risk heart transplantation
Authors: Lechiancole Andrea , Sponga Sandro , Gliozzi Gregorio , Martin‐Suarez Sofia , Visentin Pierluigi , Botta Luca , Copetti Stefano , Dralov Andriy , Benedetti Giovanni , Finato Nicoletta , Pacini Davide , Livi Ugolino , Vendramin Igor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Paragonix SherpaPak cardiac transport system (PSP) compared to the standard ice‐cold storage (ICS) in extended‐criteria donor grafts implanted in high‐risk recipients.MethodsData of all HTx at the University Centers of Udine and Bologna, between January 2020 and December 2023, employing extended‐criteria donors in high‐risk HTx conditions were retrospectively analyzed. Patient outcomes and complications after HTx were assessed. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed in donor hearts immediately after retrieval (T0), before implantation (T1) and at reperfusion (T2) to evaluate signs of myocardial damage.ResultsOverall, 90 patients who had heart transplantation (HTx) with a donor graft preserved with either ICS (n = 60) or PSP (n = 30) were included in the study. The 30‐day mortality was 3% in both groups (p = 0.99), and 1‐year survival 90% and 88% (p = 0.89) for recipients transplanted with PSP and ICS preserved grafts. Rates of moderate‐to‐severe graft dysfunction and bradi‐arrhythmias for PSP and ICS groups were 7% versus 20% (p = 0.08), and 3% versus 15% (p = 0.09). Histologically, severe degrees of cellular and endothelial damage were absent in all PSP grafts while severe degree of contraction bands were higher in ICS hearts at T2.ConclusionsIn high‐risk donor–recipient matching, donor heart preservation with PSP seems to show a tendency toward better graft protection.
Letter: Allostatic load—A potential key in the development of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kharal Maryam , Shahbaz Muhammad Hassan , Nadeem Muhammad Salman , Shahbaz Sana 
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Zhao et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18217.
Experiences from the initial 3 years of introducing the British Pharmacological Society and UK Medical Schools Council Prescribing Safety Assessment for Danish junior doctors
Authors: Moriat Kathrine Bendorff , Ennis Zandra Nymand , Øhlenschlæger Thomas , Bergmann Troels Korshøj 
Published: October 2024

AimsThe British Pharmacological Society and UK Medical Schools Council Prescription Safety Assessment (BPS/MSC PSA) is an electronic platform developed for assessing the prescription skills of medical students. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of the BPS/MSC PSA in addressing prescribing competencies among junior doctors in a hospital setting.MethodsThe Department of Clinical Pharmacology at Odense University Hospital established a Danish translated programme using the BPS/MSC PSA platform. We launched a formal 3‐year programme in 2021, potentially assessing all first‐year doctors at Odense University Hospital and Esbjerg Regional Hospital. Participation was followed by a survey.ResultsDuring the period of 2021 to 2023 n = 364 doctors were invited, from which n = 246 participated. The compliance rate increased from 38% in 2021 to 88% in 2023. The mean assessment score (points normalized to percentage) across n = 246 participants was 71%, and 94% achieved a score of at least 50%. A subset of participants responded to the survey, with the majority of those completing the questionnaire indicating that the purpose of the assessment was clear. The items related to difficulty and number of questions received comparable evaluations, and most respondents found the questions clinically relevant.ConclusionIt is feasible to translate and implement the BPS/MSC PSA in a Danish hospital setting. The programme provides insight into the prescribing competencies of junior doctors and the participants are generally positive.
Postpartum Women's Experiences of Postnatal Care in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Moyo Enos , Moyo Perseverance , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Ross Andrew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPostnatal care (PNC) is a critical service for the health and well‐being of new mothers and newborns. However, in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), most efforts to improve maternal and child health have been directed toward enhancing skilled birth attendance and urgent obstetric and neonatal care. This is despite the fact that more than half of maternal deaths globally occur in the postnatal period, with 65% of these occurring in the first week following birth. One of the health system factors influencing PNC utilization is the women's previous PNC experience at healthcare facilities. The aim of this review was to gain a better understanding of women's experiences of PNC in SSA.MethodsThis study followed a qualitative evidence synthesis design. The phenomenon of interest was postpartum women's experiences of PNC in SSA. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Science Direct, Africa Journals Online (AJOL), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published in English between 2013 and 2023. To assess the quality of the included studies, we used an appraisal tool developed by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co‐ordinating Centre. Two authors independently extracted relevant data from the included studies. Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis framework was used to synthesize the data.ResultsEight articles were used in this review. Seven articles reported on qualitative studies, and one reported on a mixed‐method study. All the included studies fully or partially met the 12 quality assessment criteria. Synthesis of the data resulted in the development of five analytical themes. The five themes were the adequacy of physical examination and communication of the findings, adequacy of PNC information, the quality of interactions with healthcare workers (HCWs), the availability of resources and adequacy of HCWs, and denial of care. The overall confidence in the review's findings was either moderate or high.ConclusionBased on our findings, we recommend that countries in the region address staff shortages, implement task shifting, electronic medicine stock management systems, optimal supply chain policies, and train HCWs on PNC and interpersonal communication skills.
External validation and calibration of the HoLISTIC Consortium's advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma international prognostic index (A‐HIPI) in the Brazilian Hodgkin lymphoma registry
Authors: Buccheri Valeria , Moreira Frederico Rafael , Biasoli Irene , Castro Nelson , Villarim Carolina Colaço , Traina Fabiola , Silveira Talita , Praxedes Monica Kopschitz , Solza Cristiana , Perobelli Leila , Baiocchi Otavio , Gaiolla Rafael , Boquimpani Carla , Sola Caroline Bonamin , de Paulae Silva Roberta Oliveira , Ribas Ana Carolina , Pagnano Kátia , Steffenello Giovanna , de Souza Carmino , Spector Nelson , Rodday Angie Mae , Evens Andrew M. , Parsons Susan K. ,   the HoLISTIC Consortium
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe Hodgkin lymphoma International Study for Individual Care (HoLISTIC) Consortium's A‐HIPI model, developed in 2022 for advanced‐stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), predicts survival within 5 years amongst newly diagnosed patients. This study validates its performance in the Brazilian Hodgkin lymphoma registry. By 2022, the Brazilian HL registry included 1357 cHL patients, with a median 5‐year follow‐up. Probabilities for 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using A‐HIPI‐model equations. Discrimination (Harrell C‐statistic/Uno C‐statistic) and calibration measures assessed external validation and calibration. Lab values beyond the allowed range were excluded, mirroring the initial A‐HIPI analysis. A total of 694 advanced‐stage cHL patients met the original inclusion criteria (age 18–65 years, Stage IIB‐IV). Median age was 31 years; 46.3% were females. Stage distribution was IIB (33.1%), III (27.4%), IV (39.5%). Bulky disease in 32.6%. Five‐year PFS and OS were 68.4% and 86.0%, respectively. Harrell C‐statistics were 0.60 for PFS and 0.69 for OS, and Uno C‐statistics were 0.63 for PFS and 0.72 for OS. Calibration plots demonstrated well‐calibrated predictions with calibration slopes of 0.91 and 1.03 for 5‐year OS and PFS, respectively. Despite differing patient, clinical characteristics, and socioeconomic factors, the baseline prediction tool performed well in the Brazilian cohort, demonstrating adequate discrimination and calibration. This supports its reliability in diverse settings.