bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social adaptation of women in sports
Authors: Sharipov M. F. , Simonova A. K. 
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Professional sports are prestigious. Many athletes choose to engage in sports as their main activity. But age and competition do not allow athletes to stay in their usual place for a long time. The article examines the reasons that can increase the crisis of athletes after the end of their careers. The main psychological problems of athletes are negative states and the need for professional self-determination. Factors aimed at "mitigating" the crisis are also proposed.The purpose of the study is to develop a system for integrating female athletes into social life.Organization and methods of research. A sociological study "Women and sports" was conducted. 108 female athletes from Yekaterinburg took part in the survey. The respondents were offered a questionnaire of 22 questions concerning life plans, self-assessment of personal qualities and clarification of the attitude of female athletes to sports. Female athletes from 12 sports took part in the survey.The results of the study and their discussion. As our study showed, the majority of patients (60% of the respondents) started playing sports in childhood, at the age of 10. A third of the athletes started sports activities at the age of 11-12, and only 3.5% of the respondents joined the sport at the age of 15 and older. The data we have obtained confirm the current trend of rejuvenation of women's sports.Conclusions. It was revealed that an athlete's adaptation to social life outside of sports depends on the level of results achieved by him: the higher the sports results, the more difficult the social adaptation. Women who have given many years to sports do not regret the decision they once made to play sports and consider it the right one. The results obtained allow us to assert that women in modern society have received new opportunities for the realization of sports interests. There is reason to believe that the 21st century will be the century of their new sporting achievements.
Intercéder à la cour de France. À propos d’une étude de cas : la correspondance
de la duchesse de Picquigny-Chaulnes, « maîtresse » de ministre en 1743-1744
Authors: Pellegrin Nicole 
Published: September 2024

À partir des 73 lettres inédites adressées en 1743-1744 au comte d’Argenson par la
duchesse de Picquigny-Chaulnes, conservées dans le Fonds ancien de la Bibliothèque
universitaire de Poitiers, l’article examine la pratique épistolaire méconnue qu’est
l’intercession. Il s’agit de faire la lumière sur les liens d’intérêts et les rapports de
force à l’oeuvre, sous l’Ancien Régime, au sein de toute alliance, dans et hors mariage.
Alors que les protagonistes sont tous deux de très haut rang et fréquentent les mêmes
cercles familiaux et amicaux, l’un est toutefois un homme d’État qui a « fait carrière »
tandis que les prétentions intellectuelles de l’autre incitèrent ses contemporains à la
placer parmi les « dames curieuses » et autres « endiablées de l’esprit ». Dans ces
conditions, comment la partenaire épistolaire parvient-elle à déjouer le déséquilibre genré
initial par un agir épistolaire qui mêle déclarations amoureuses, flatteries et requêtes
intéressées ? Le corpus est révélateur d’une pratique massive qui suppose un entregent
féminin mis au service d’intérêts personnels, familiaux et claniques.
Costs and Profit Assessment of Layer Eggs Farming in Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Baldeep 
Published: September 2024

A study was conducted with primary data collected from 100 layer producers chosen by proportion probability sampling technique distributed across all the regions of Punjab. The results showed that the educational status of the head of the family was observed in 41 per cent of layer farmers who got the above matric standard. The variable and fixed costs accounted for 96.66 and 3.34 per cent, respectively of the total costs. Poultry feed followed by pullets feed was found to be the most important item of variable cost to the extent of `657.19(US $7.83) in absolute terms and accounted for 65.42 per cent of the maintenance cost of layer production. The gross returns from poultry farming were `1093.55 (US $13.04) per bird. The output-input ratio on layer farms was 1.09 which revealed that poultry is a profitable enterprise and based on output-input ratios, large poultry farms were more efficient as compared to medium and small. While comparing the mortality rate across categories the large layer farmers were found efficient due to better management and adequate needed infrastructure. On the whole, it can be concluded that poultry production is a profitable venture and eggs production a most favoured subsidiary enterprise among the Punjab farmers.
2‐Arylacetamides as Versatile Precursors for 3‐Aminoisocoumarin and Homophthalimide Derivatives: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Double Carbonylation Reactions
Authors: Frutos‐Pedreño Roberto , García‐López José‐Antonio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of biologically relevant homophthalimide and 3‐aminoisocoumarin nuclei via palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of 2‐(2‐iodoaryl)acetamides has been developed. The degree of N‐substitution on the starting amide substrate dictates whether C−N or C−O coupling takes place in the final step of the catalytic cycle giving rise to each type of heterocycle. The introduction of a second C−halogen bond in the starting acetamides allows a catalytic cascade double carbonylation involving a C−H activation step to give fused heterocyclic structures.magnified image
Coupling Reaction of Enol Derivatives with Silyl Ketene Acetals Catalyzed by Gallium Trihalides
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Kita Yuji , Ueda Hiroki , Imaoka Hiroto , Chiba Kouji , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA cross‐coupling reaction between enol derivatives and silyl ketene acetals catalyzed by GaBr3 took place to give the corresponding α‐alkenyl esters. GaBr3 showed the most effective catalytic ability, whereas other metal salts such as BF3⋅OEt2, AlCl3, PdCl2, and lanthanide triflates were not effective. Various types of enol ethers and vinyl carboxylates as enol derivatives are amenable to this coupling. The scope of the reaction with silyl ketene acetals was also broad. We successfully observed an alkylgallium intermediate by using NMR spectroscopy, suggesting a mechanism involving anti‐carbogallation among GaBr3, an enol derivative, and a silyl ketene acetal, followed by syn‐β‐alkoxy elimination from the alkylgallium. Based on kinetic studies, the turnover‐limiting step of the reaction using a vinyl ether and a vinyl carboxylate involved syn‐β‐alkoxy elimination and anti‐carbogallation, respectively. Therefore, the leaving group had a significant effect on the progress of the reaction. Theoretical calculations analysis suggest that the moderate Lewis acidity of gallium would contribute to a flexible conformational change of the alkylgallium intermediate and to the cleavage of the carbon−oxygen bond in the β‐alkoxy elimination process, which is the turnover‐limiting step in the reaction between a vinyl ether and a silyl ketene acetal.
Glycomics: New Challenges and Opportunities in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Russo Laura , Cipolla Laura 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTissue engineering relies on the possibility to engineer cell microenvironments by means of bioactive materials, biochemical and physical stimuli in order to guide cell behaviour and to regenerate damaged tissue. Despite the relevance of glycan epitopes as signaling molecules, and the recent advances in glycomics, their use as biomolecular cues at the interface between materials and cells for the controlled stimulation of adhesion and differentiation processes for regenerative medicine applications is still limited. In this concept article we will briefly outline the basis and the impact on health and economics of regenerative medicine, together with the recent applications of the glycocode in tissue regeneration approaches.
Electrostatic Fluid Accelerator under High‐Speed Free Air Stream
Authors: Wen T. Y. , Lindgren K. , Mamishev A. V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe electrostatic fluid accelerator (EFA) generates ionic wind with a simple structure that barely obstructs the free air stream or produce excessive noise. This paper presents the velocity characteristics of an EFA under a high speed free air stream to simulate an EFA‐powered propulsor. The results show that when the EFA generates identical velocity to the free air stream, the EFA contributes 25% of the resultant velocity. When the EFA is replaced by a rotary fan that generates identical velocity to the free air stream, the fan contributes only 13.4% of the resultant velocity. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrating Hydrological Modelling and Ecosystem Functioning for Environmental Flows in Climate Change Scenarios in the Zambezi River (Zambezi Region, Namibia)
Authors: Martínez‐Capel F. , García‐López L. , Beyer M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Zambezi‐Chobe wetlands in Namibia are of great international importance for trans‐boundary water management because of their remarkable ecological characteristics and the variety and magnitude of the ecosystem services provided. The main objective of this study is to establish the hydro‐ecological baseline for the application of environmental flow regimes (EFR). The specific objectives are: (i) the assessment of environmental flow components (EFC) in the current near‐natural hydrological conditions; (ii) the generation of future scenarios for climatic and socioeconomic changes; (iii) the estimation of the area–duration curves and estimated annual habitat during the inundation of the critical habitats for fisheries (mulapos), under the existing conditions and future scenarios; and (iv) to provide a framework for the future application of EFRs, based on hydrological and ecological processes. To make a sound analysis of the ecological implications, first we develop a conceptual framework of the linkages between the hydrological and biological processes concerning fish communities, because of the critical role of fisheries in the region. The EFCs in near‐natural hydrological conditions provide the basis for developing interim EFRs in the region, within the framework of an adaptive management of water resources. The future scenarios indicate a mitigation of the flow variability; and, in the worst‐case scenario, the reduction of the maximum flow and inundated area of the mulapos would result in a reduction of the estimated annual habitat of 22%. This means a reduction in the spawning habitats for quiet‐water species, in the food resources for fry and juvenile fish and a consequent reduction in fish stocks. Furthermore, the habitat loss during low events is similar and greater under both scenarios, at ca. 35%. Here we corroborate that the EFCs and their variability may become the building blocks of flow‐ecology models that lead to environmental flow recommendations, monitoring and research programmes and flow protection activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure and mechanical property of hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring
Authors: Qian D.S. , Wang K.W. , Liu Q.L. , Hua L. 
Published: July 2016

Isothermal spheroidising annealing treatment is a vital step for hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring to transform the lamellar pearlite into granular pearlite, which can improve the structure and cutability of the bearing ring. In this study, the effect of spheroidising annealing parameters on the microstructure of a hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring was studied. The results show that annealing temperature and holding time have a great effect on the size and roundness of carbide particles, while the annealing cooling rate just has a significant effect on the carbide particles’ size. A series of mechanical tests indicate that all annealing parameters have a great influence on the tensile strength, plasticity and hardness, but make no difference on the elasticity. Considering the machinability and working performance, the rational annealing temperature, holding time and rapid cooling rate should be chosen. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Recent developments in bearing steels.
The microfoundations of human resources management in US public schools
Authors: Pogodzinski Ben 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the extent to which human resources (HR) decision making is influenced by the social context of school systems. More specifically, this study draws upon organizational theory focussed on the microfoundations of organizations as a lens identify key aspects of school HR decision making at the district and school level.

Design/methodology/approach
– Interview data were collected from district-level HR directors and local union presidents across 11 districts in Michigan and Indiana. The interviews provided information on the formal and informal aspects HR management. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and the constant comparative method was used to move from initial codes to higher levels of abstraction (Miles and Huberman, 1994; Strauss and Corbin, 1990). Multiple data collection methods were utilized to help validate the interview data that were collected (Stake, 2004).

Findings
– The key findings show that social relationships, particularly at the school level, influence the distribution of teachers within a district. The findings support the need for closer attention to be given to the social dynamics of school systems and the impact this has on HR decision making, particular with regard to the influence of informal organizational structures and day-to-day interactions within systems.

Originality/value
– The current body of research does not fully attend conceptually or empirically to the broader social context of a school system which shape HR decisions. Specifically, researchers and practitioners need to further address the ways that the social dynamics of school systems shape administrative decision making with regard to HR management.
Do financial criminals commit perfect crimes?
Authors: Compin Frederic 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Financial criminals commit crimes with such disconcerting ease that economic and social stability is threatened. Armed with intangible knowledge and backed by legal, financial and accounting expertise, criminals use their intellectual weapons to carry out their activities with impunity by operating in extra-territorial spaces such as tax havens. The purpose of this paper is based on interviews with key figures in the French judiciary and also French tax officials.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey in the form of semi-directive interviews was conducted from March to July 2012 with auditors, judicial magistrates and a representative of a large trade union of the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry. Questioning this panel of persons from different but associated horizons enabled the collection of practical, technical and professional information on how they perceive acts of financial crime in the practice of their mission.

Findings
It was possible to observe that financial crime is motive-driven and develops in specific spaces and contexts, aided by informational weapons.

Research limitations/implications
By promoting both financial optimisation and tax minimisation, non-cooperative territories provide the perfect breeding ground for innovative minds to distort social norms which uphold equal tax treatment and a common effort. Financial information is the recurring theme throughout, allowing ever more cunning offenders to distort the value of words and the meaning of economic results.

Practical implications
The ease with which financial crimes are committed remains striking. Understanding the reasons why financial criminals appear to enjoy relative impunity requires questioning the magistrates and actors involved in the combat against financial crime. The interviews conducted with these key players show that financial crime develops and flourishes on the basis of a threefold specificity: a specific motive linked to absolute enrichment without economic foundation, diffuse and imprecise spaces where economic crimes proliferate with total impunity and an intangible weapon in the form of financial information.

Social implications
The private appropriation of financial information leads to the misappropriation of public goods and its capture by private operators, thereby depriving the community of a source of knowledge and expertise.

Originality/value
This paper is based on interviews with key figures in the French judiciary and also French tax officials. A survey in the form of semi-directive interviews was conducted from March to July 2012 with auditors, judicial magistrates and a representative of a large trade union of the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry.
Developing Canadian physician: the quest for leadership effectiveness
Authors: Comber Scott , Wilson Lisette , Crawford Kyle C. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discern the physicians’ perception of leadership effectiveness in their clinical and non-clinical roles (leadership) by identifying their political skill levels.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 209 Canadian physicians was surveyed using the Political Skills Inventory (PSI) during the period 2012-2014. The PSI was chosen because it assesses leadership effectiveness on four dimensions: social astuteness, interpersonal influence, networking ability and apparent authenticity.

Findings
Physicians in clinical roles’ PSI scores were significantly lower in all four PSI dimensions when compared to all other physicians in non-clinical roles, with the principal difference being in their networking abilities.

Practical implications
More emphasis is needed on educating and training physicians, specifically in the areas of political skills, in current clinical roles if they are to assume leadership roles and be effective.

Originality/value
Although this study is located in Canada, the study design and associated findings may have implications to other areas and countries wanting to increase physician leadership effectiveness. Further, replication of this study in other settings may provide insight into the future design of physician leadership training curriculum.
The World Food Economy: A 40 Year Perspective on the Past, and a Look Forward
Authors: Timmer C. Peter 
Published: July 2016

What has changed in the world food economy in the 40 years since 1975? The basic answer to that question is that ending hunger has turned out to be a very difficult task. Henry Kissinger stated in 1976, at the first World Food Conference, that “within a decade, no child will go to bed hungry” There would be no hunger within a decade. We failed miserably in that promise and the question then is why? This paper attempts to answer that question.There are two basic questions: (1) What has changed, and what has remained the same? (2) Why is ending hunger so hard? What has changed, obviously, is an information and communications technological revolution that has radically reduced the transactions costs of doing business. Even poor households can be informed instantly about market prices. What has remained the same is that resource scarcity continues as the dominant theme organizing market activities. Making markets work for the poor is the only path out of hunger and poverty.
Lembranças da escola: sentidos históricos e questão indígena
Authors: Fernandes Eunícia 
Published: July 2016

Com base em questionários respondidos por alunos e ex-alunos do curso de História da PUC-Rio, o artigo analisa conteúdos acumulados acerca da questão indígena no Brasil no grupo específico de professores ou aspirantes, identificando suportes para suas referências e perspectivas. Em diálogo com tal mapeamento, o artigo advoga o valor da escola e da experiência como lócus no processo de fundamentação de parâmetros como multivocalidade e descentramento, tidos como axiais na vida em uma sociedade que reconheça e respeite as diferenças.
Real Effects of Inflation on External Debt in Developing Economies
Authors: Assibey‐Yeboah Mark , Mallick Sushanta , Mohsin Mohammed 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper uses an intertemporal optimizing model with country‐specific risk premium to evaluate the real effects of inflation in a small open developing economy. In the model, a central bank targets inflation, and the consumer requires real balances in advance for consumption spending. We show that a positive inflation shock (either due to growth in money supply or depreciation of the domestic currency) yields a decrease in real output and consumption—as inflation creates a tax wedge in the intratemporal condition between consumption and leisure—leading to a decrease in the stock of real debt in domestic currency. Employing these theoretical predictions and using annual data from a set of six developing countries (Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia and Thailand), we estimate a sign‐restriction based structural vector autoregression model along with a panel vector autoregression model for robustness analysis. The empirical results support the trade‐off of inflation with reference to the key real variables including the external debt position, which is a significant result given the ambiguity in the empirical literature as to whether governments can escape from debt crisis via higher inflation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of ADORA2A gene polymorphism on leukoencephalopathy risk in MTX‐treated pediatric patients affected by hematological malignancies
Authors: Tsujimoto Shin‐ichi , Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Tanoshima Reo , Urayama Kevin Y. , Tanaka Fumiko , Aida Noriko , Goto Hiroaki , Ito Shuichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundMethotrexate (MTX) can lead to neurotoxicity and asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy. However, the mechanism of MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy is obscure. MTX and its metabolites inhibit 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide formiltransferase (ATIC) and promote adenosine release. Recently, it has been reported that adenosine and its receptor are related to certain central nervous system diseases. We investigated whether adenosine pathway gene polymorphisms and clinical factors were related to MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy in pediatric patients affected by hematological malignancies.ProcedureFifty‐six Japanese childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma patients were investigated. Patients were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain before maintenance therapy or stem cell transplantation. Gene polymorphisms within the adenosine pathway (ATIC, adenosine A2A receptor [ADORA2A]) and the MTX pathway (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] and ABCB1) were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Clinical data were collected by accessing the medical records. MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy was evaluated by a pediatric neurologist.ResultsTwenty‐one (37%) of 56 patients developed MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy. Four of 21 patients developed clinical neurotoxicity. The minor allele CC genotype of rs2298383 (ADORA2A) was associated with MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy (P = 0.010, odds ratio = 5.81, 95% confidence interval 1.50–22.50). High cumulative dose of systemic MTX was associated with MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy after adjusting for sex, ADORA2A polymorphism, and prolonged high MTX concentration (P = 0.042, odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.37).ConclusionsADORA2A rs2298383 and high cumulative dose of systemic MTX administration were significantly associated with MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy. Our results indicate that pharmacological intervention within the adenosine pathway may be both a treatment and preventative option for MTX‐related leukoencephalopathy.