bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abscission zone development in Setaria viridis and its domesticated relative, Setaria italica
Authors: Hodge John G. , Kellogg Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Development of an abscission zone (AZ) is needed for dispersal of seeds, and AZ loss was a critical early step in plant domestication. The AZ forms in different tissues in different species of plants, but whether the AZ is developmentally similar wherever it occurs is unknown. AZ development in Setaria viridis was studied as a representative of the previously uncharacterized subfamily Panicoideae.METHODS:One accession of the wild species S. viridis and two of its domesticate, S. italica, were studied. Strength of the AZ was measured with a force gauge. Anatomy of the AZ was studied throughout development using bright field and confocal microscopy.KEY RESULTS:The force required to remove a spikelet of S. viridis from the parent plant dropped steadily during development, whereas that required to remove spikelets of S. italica increased initially before stabilizing at a high level. Despite the clear difference in tensile strength of the AZ, anatomical differences between S. viridis and S. italica were subtle, and the position of the AZ was not easy to determine in cross sections of pedicel apices. Staining with DAPI showed that nuclei were present up to and presumably through abscission in S. viridis, and acridine orange staining showed much less lignification than in other cereals.CONCLUSIONS:The AZ in Setaria is developmentally and anatomically different from that characterized in rice, barley, and many eudicots. In particular, no set of small, densely cytoplasmic cells is obvious. This difference in anatomy could point to differential genetic control of the structure.
THE ROLE OF NITROGEN IN TITAN’S UPPER ATMOSPHERIC HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY OVER THE SOLAR CYCLE
Authors: Luspay-Kuti A. , Mandt K. E. , Westlake J. H. , Plessis S. , Greathouse T. K. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Titan’s thermospheric photochemistry is primarily driven by solar radiation. Similarly to other planetary atmospheres, such as Mars’, Titan’s atmospheric structure is also directly affected by variations in the solar extreme-UV/UV output in response to the 11-year-long solar cycle. Here, we investigate the influence of nitrogen on the vertical production, loss, and abundance profiles of hydrocarbons as a function of the solar cycle. Our results show that changes in the atmospheric nitrogen atomic density (primarily in its ground state N(4S)) as a result of photon flux variations have important implications for the production of several minor hydrocarbons. The solar minimum enhancement of CH3, C2H6, and C3H8, despite the lower CH4 photodissociation rates compared with solar maximum conditions, is explained by the role of N(4S). N(4S) indirectly controls the altitude of termolecular versus bimolecular chemical regimes through its relationship with CH3. When in higher abundance during solar maximum at lower altitudes, N(4S) increases the importance of bimolecular CH3 + N(4S) reactions producing HCN and H2CN. The subsequent remarkable CH3 loss and decrease in the CH3 abundance at lower altitudes during solar maximum affects the overall hydrocarbon chemistry.
ORBITAL CIRCULARIZATION OF HOT AND COOL KEPLER ECLIPSING BINARIES
Authors: Eylen Vincent Van , Winn Joshua N. , Albrecht Simon 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The rate of tidal circularization is predicted to be faster for relatively cool stars with convective outer layers, compared to hotter stars with radiative outer layers. Observing this effect is challenging because it requires large and well-characterized samples that include both hot and cool stars. Here we seek evidence of the predicted dependence of circularization upon stellar type, using a sample of 945 eclipsing binaries observed by Kepler. This sample complements earlier studies of this effect, which employed smaller samples of better-characterized stars. For each Kepler binary we measure e cos ω based on the relative timing of the primary and secondary eclipses. We examine the distribution of e cos ω as a function of period for binaries composed of hot stars, cool stars, and mixtures of the two types. At the shortest periods, hot–hot binaries are most likely to be eccentric; for periods shorter than four days, significant eccentricities occur frequently for hot–hot binaries, but not for hot–cool or cool–cool binaries. This is in qualitative agreement with theoretical expectations based on the slower dissipation rates of hot stars. However, the interpretation of our results is complicated by the largely unknown ages and evolutionary states of the stars in our sample.
PTF13efv—AN OUTBURST 500 DAYS PRIOR TO THE SNHUNT 275 EXPLOSION AND ITS RADIATIVE EFFICIENCY
Authors: Ofek E. O. , Cenko S. B. , Shaviv N. J. , Duggan G. , Strotjohann N.-L. , Rubin A. , Kulkarni S. R. , Gal-Yam A. , Sullivan M. , Cao Y. , Nugent P. E. , Kasliwal M. M. , Sollerman J. , Fransson C. , Filippenko A. V. , Perley D. A. , Yaron O. , Laher R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The progenitors of some supernovae (SNe) exhibit outbursts with super-Eddington luminosities prior to their final explosions. This behavior is common among SNe IIn, but the driving mechanisms of these precursors are not yet well-understood. SNHunt 275 was announced as a possible new SN during 2015 May. Here we report on pre-explosion observations of the location of this event by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and report the detection of a precursor about 500 days prior to the 2015 May activity (PTF 13efv). The observed velocities in the 2015 transient and its 2013 precursor absorption spectra are low (1000–2000 km s−1), so it is not clear yet if the recent activity indeed marks the final disruption of the progenitor. Regardless of the nature of this event, we use the PTF photometric and spectral observations, as well as Swift-UVOT observations, to constrain the efficiency of the radiated energy relative to the total kinetic energy of the precursor. We find that, using an order-of-magnitude estimate and under the assumption of spherical symmetry, the ratio of the radiated energy to the kinetic energy is in the range of 4 × 10−2 to 3.4 × 103.
De l’objet à la relation : une révolution copernicienne
Authors: Heinich Nathalie 
Published: June 2016

La physique, la sociologie de l’art, l’anthropologie et l’économie convergent sur ce qu’on peut nommer, à la suite de Kuhn, un « changement de paradigme » : c’est la relation qui fait l’objet, et non pas l’objet qui fait la relation. Avec Norbert Elias, la « relation » n’est pas réductible à l’« interaction » chère à une certaine sociologie américaine, mais s’étend plus radicalement à l’« interdépendance », en vertu de quoi l’on n’a pas affaire à des objets préexistants qui seraient liés entre eux par des relations mais à des objets qui se constituent dans et par la relation : exactement comme le don selon Marcel Mauss, où l’objet n’est que le prétexte à l’entretien du lien que permet l’acte de donner, recevoir et rendre.
Martin Buber, philosophe de la relation
Authors: Misrahi Robert 
Published: June 2016

Présentation de l’ouvrage de Martin Buber, Je et Tu , publié en 1923, ce texte en souligne toute la force et la nouveauté. Insistant sur la portée fondatrice accordée à la réciprocité, il montre en quoi, pour Buber, le sujet n’est jamais antérieur à la relation tant, à la différence des rapports d’objectivation où l’autre est traité comme un simple moyen, c’est par la réciprocité que le Je se pose, et pose l’autre, dans le même moment, comme sujet. La rencontre y apparaît alors comme un « acte total », spontané et radical par lequel surgit la présence et où chacun affirme l’autre dans une connaissance immédiate et désintéressée.
Les relations en tant que biens
Authors: Bruni Luigino 
Published: June 2016

Cet article se propose d’approfondir la précieuse notion, développée depuis une trentaine d’années tant en philosophie, en sociologie et en économie, de « bien relationnel ». Si l’économie traditionnelle ne peut faire droit à de tels biens, n’est-ce pas parce qu’elle ne voit que des individus, des individus qui font des choix (entre des biens) et qui ne nouent de relations que pour mieux maximiser ces biens ? Or, montre l’auteur, il est des biens, par exemple l’amitié, l’amour réciproque, l’engagement civique dans lesquels c’est la relation même qui constitue le bien. Et n’est-ce pas ainsi, en reconnaissant en quoi le bien réside dans la relation en soi, pour elle-même, que pourrait être, enfin, racheté la faute d’Adam… Smith et frayée la voie à une « économie de la gratuité » résolument anti-utilitariste ?
Georges Haldas : Le scribe assis
Authors: Rogues Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2016

L’œuvre de Georges Haldas n’est que ressassement de l’accès à l’autre, à sa générosité qui, seule, suscite le désir de témoignage. Le sacrifice d’un moi égotique relevant d’une définition psychologique et sociale est la condition même qui permet de faire l’expérience de « l’état de Poésie », cet accroissement d’être qui comporte en lui la nécessité d’être dit. Son écriture sera témoignage de la fragile part d’humanité qui sauve des griffes du nihilisme. Georges Haldas, « scribe assis », se mettra, dans ses Poèmes et ses Chroniques, au service du murmure de la source, dans la vallée du carnage. « Le Grand Arbre de l’Homme » ou, si l’on veut, la relation, sera l’antidote de l’état de meurtre que représente le désert social de la marchandisation de l’humain. Il ne s’agit pas cependant de proclamation, mais d’une confidence de l’essentiel. Humaniser l’homme demeure la tâche, l’unique tâche.
Troubles du comportement alimentaire et pratique de sports de remise en forme
Authors: Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , Allain Mélanie , Ohl Fabien 
Published: June 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le rôle des sports de remise en forme dans le développement des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) chez les femmes. Une double approche a été entreprise, qualitative et quantitative : au total, 1 270 pratiquantes ont été interrogées par questionnaire et 25 femmes atteintes de TCA cliniques ont été interviewées. Les résultats montrent que 10,31 % des pratiquantes de cours collectifs de remise en forme étaient à risques dans le développement de TCA. Les risques de TCA variaient selon les types d’engagement dans l’activité ( i.e. , lieu de pratique, type de cours pratiqué, fréquence et quantité de pratique). Le rôle des sports de remise en forme dans les TCA ressort comme ambivalent, en lien avec la diversité de leurs usages. Ces sports étaient parfois utilisés comme méthode de perte de poids, parfois pratiqués pour s’alimenter davantage ou bien pour se soigner des TCA. Les femmes atteintes de TCA interviewées pratiquaient prioritairement des activités cardiovasculaires individuelles et libres. En conséquence, la prévention des TCA dans les salles de fitness privées pourrait cibler prioritairement les cours collectifs de type cardiovasculaire, mais également les pratiquantes d’activités libres de type cardiovasculaire.
Étude de la validité interne de l’Échelle de moyens de contrôle spécifique à la rééducation (EMCR)
Authors: Paquet Yvan , Martin-Krumm Charles , Legrain Pascal , Antonini Philippe Roberta 
Published: June 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de vérifier la validité interne de l’Échelle de moyens de contrôle spécifique à la rééducation (EMCR). Cette échelle propose trois moyens d’exercer du contrôle sur la situation : le contrôle informationnel, le contrôle décisionnel et le contrôle comportemental. Dans un deuxième temps, les différents moyens de contrôle ont été mis en relation avec le vécu émotionnel (anxiété et émotions) de sportifs en rééducation. L’échantillon était composé de 152 sportifs blessés. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a été réalisée et montre une bonne adéquation des données avec le modèle théorique confirmant la bonne validité interne de l’échelle. Les corrélations réalisées entre les moyens de contrôle et l’anxiété et les émotions ressenties par le sportif blessé montrent une relation entre le contrôle informationnel, le contrôle comportemental et les émotions positives. Il n’y aurait aucune relation pour le contrôle décisionnel. Ces résultats suggèrent que les moyens de contrôle doivent être différenciés dans la relation thérapeutique afin d’améliorer le bien-être du patient.
Morphological Diversity of Complex Thalloid Liverwort Genera of Sri Lanka
Authors: Ruklani N. C. S , Rubasinghe S. C. K , Long D. G 
Published: June 2016

As part of a study initiated to trace the evolutionary relationships and biogeographic affinities of Sri Lankan complex thalloid liverworts, we here present the morphological diversity of Sri Lankan complex thalloid liverworts. This serves as the first detailed taxonomic study of the group in Sri Lanka. Specimens were collected from different geographical regions covering almost all topographic and climatic zones of the country. This study revealed 9 genera of complex thalloid liverworts in Sri Lanka. Based on our collections and identifications we prepared a generic key to Sri Lankan complex thalloid liverworts. Taxonomic descriptions were prepared for all identified genera
Phenetic analysis and phytochemical screening of medicinally important Albizia spp. in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasiri A. P. A , Senanayake S. P. , Paranagama P. , Amarasinghe A. P. G. 
Published: June 2016

Albizia Durazz. is a genus of 150 species in the tropics and subtropics of the world and belongs to the sub family Mimosaceae in the Family Fabaceae. Of the six species recorded in Sri Lanka, A. lebbeck is used as a shady tree while A. odoratissima is grown mainly for their timber value, However, A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck are found to be used in ayurvedic medicine however, the medicinal properties of these species are not fully understood. A questionnaire survey was carried out using a hundred sample population to identify their medicinal usage. Floral and vegetative characters of the above two Albizia spp. were observed and phenetic relationships were identified. Air dried stem barks of A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck were subjected to sequential solvent extraction using hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, and the crude weight of the yield were obtained. The results revealed that ayurvedic physicians and traditional ayurvedic medical practitioners use A. odoratissima in medicinal preparations whereas the medicinal use of A. lebbeck is not reported. Further, it was revealed that Samanea saman and Adenanthera pavonina are commonly used as substitutes for A. lebbeck. Knowledge of phenetic variation of the two Albizia spp. can be used for accurate identification which prevents adulteration. Highest yield was obtained from the methanolic extracts. These extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to assess the occurrence of different phytochemicals. Results have shown the presence of glylcosides, tannins, phenolics, phytosteroids and flavonoids in methanolic extracts A. odoratissima, and A. lebbeck. The present study suggests that further studies should be conducted on the identification of active compounds in these two plant species for their pharmacognostic properties in order to understand their mode of remedial action for ailments.
The Lung Microbiome, Immunity, and the Pathogenesis of Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: O’Dwyer David N. , Dickson Robert P. , Moore Bethany B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The development of culture-independent techniques for microbiological analysis has uncovered the previously unappreciated complexity of the bacterial microbiome at various anatomic sites. The microbiome of the lung has relatively less bacterial biomass when compared with the lower gastrointestinal tract yet displays considerable diversity. The composition of the lung microbiome is determined by elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities. Chronic lung disease alters these factors. Many forms of chronic lung disease demonstrate exacerbations that drive disease progression and are poorly understood. Mounting evidence supports ways in which microbiota dysbiosis can influence host defense and immunity, and in turn may contribute to disease exacerbations. Thus, the key to understanding the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease may reside in deciphering the complex interactions between the host, pathogen, and resident microbiota during stable disease and exacerbations. In this brief review we discuss new insights into these labyrinthine relationships.
Jeremiah 23:23–24 as polemic against prophets’ views on Yahweh’s presence
Authors: Wessels Wilhelm 
Published: June 2016

Jeremiah 23:23–24 is a short passage in the cycle of oracles in which the prophet Jeremiah is supposedly in conflict with other prophets in his society. It is possible that this short passage first had an independent existence before it became part of the collection of oracles in 23:9-40 This article argues that as an independent oracle the passage claims that Yahweh is not just a localised god, but an omnipresent God from whom no person can hide. When read as part of the mentioned cycle, it should be regarded as a polemic against a view held by some prophets that Yahweh’s nearness guarantees peace and security. Their domesticated view leads to complacency and disregard. It is argued that Jeremiah opposes their view by stating that Yahweh is also a distant God who is aware of their false and deceitful attempts to provide revelatory knowledge to the people. In this regard chapter 23:23–24 serves as a polemic against so-called false prophets and implies a threat of judgement.Keywords: False prophets, temple, Yahweh's presence, polemic
Substantial secondary organic aerosol formation in a coniferous forest: observations of both day- and nighttime chemistry
Authors: Lee Alex K. Y. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Leaitch W. Richard , Li Shao-Meng , Sjostedt Steve J. , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Liggio John , Macdonald Anne Marie 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Substantial biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) formation was investigated in a coniferous forest mountain region in Whistler, British Columbia. A largely biogenic aerosol growth episode was observed, providing a unique opportunity to investigate BSOA formation chemistry in a forested environment with limited influence from anthropogenic emissions. Positive matrix factorization of aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement identified two types of BSOA (BSOA-1 and BSOA-2), which were primarily generated by gas-phase oxidation of monoterpenes and perhaps sesquiterpenes. The temporal variations of BSOA-1 and BSOA-2 can be explained by gas–particle partitioning in response to ambient temperature and the relative importance of different oxidation mechanisms between day and night. While BSOA-1 arises from gas-phase ozonolysis and nitrate radical chemistry at night, BSOA-2 is likely less volatile than BSOA-1 and consists of products formed via gas-phase oxidation by OH radical and ozone during the day. Organic nitrates produced through nitrate radical chemistry can account for 22–33 % of BSOA-1 mass at night. The mass spectra of BSOA-1 and BSOA-2 have higher values of the mass fraction of m/z 91 (f91) compared to the background organic aerosol. Using f91 to evaluate BSOA formation pathways in this unpolluted, forested region, heterogeneous oxidation of BSOA-1 is a minor production pathway of BSOA-2.
The aerosol radiative effects of uncontrolled combustion of domestic waste
Authors: Kodros John K. , Cucinotta Rachel , Ridley David A. , Wiedinmyer Christine , Pierce Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Open, uncontrolled combustion of domestic waste is a potentially significant source of aerosol; however, this aerosol source is not generally included in many global emissions inventories. To provide a first estimate of the aerosol radiative impacts from domestic-waste combustion, we incorporate the Wiedinmyer et al. (2014) emissions inventory into GEOS-Chem-TOMAS, a global chemical-transport model with online aerosol microphysics. We find domestic-waste combustion increases global-mean black carbon and organic aerosol concentrations by 8 and 6 %, respectively, and by greater than 40 % in some regions. Due to uncertainties regarding aerosol optical properties, we estimate the globally averaged aerosol direct radiative effect to range from −5 to −20 mW m−2; however, this range increases from −40 to +4 mW m−2 when we consider uncertainties in emission mass and size distribution. In some regions with significant waste combustion, such as India and China, the aerosol direct radiative effect may exceed −0.4 W m−2. Similarly, we estimate a cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect of −13 mW m−2, with a range of −4 to −49 mW m−2 due to emission uncertainties. In the regions with significant waste combustion, the cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect may exceed −0.4 W m−2.
Stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon for a zonal transect across the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean in summer 2014
Authors: Humphreys Matthew P. , Greatrix Florence M. , Tynan Eithne , Achterberg Eric P. , Griffiths Alex M. , Fry Claudia H. , Garley Rebecca , McDonald Alison , Boyce Adrian J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The stable carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in seawater was measured in samples collected during June–July 2014 in the subpolar North Atlantic. Sample collection was carried out on the RRS James Clark Ross cruise JR302, part of the “Radiatively Active Gases from the North Atlantic Region and Climate Change” (RAGNARoCC) research programme. The observed δ13CDIC values for cruise JR302 fall in a range from −0.07 to +1.95 ‰, relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard. From duplicate samples collected during the cruise, the 1σ precision for the 341 results is 0.08 ‰, which is similar to our previous work and other studies of this kind. We also performed a cross-over analysis using nearby historical δ13CDIC data, which indicated that there were no significant systematic offsets between our measurements and previously published results. We also included seawater reference material (RM) produced by A. G. Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA) in every batch of analysis, enabling us to improve upon the calibration and quality-control procedures from a previous study. The δ13CDIC is consistent within each RM batch, although its value is not certified. We report δ13CDIC values of 1.15 ± 0.03 ‰ and 1.27 ± 0.05 ‰ for batches 141 and 144 respectively. Our JR302 δ13CDIC data can be used – along with measurements of other biogeochemical variables – to constrain the processes that control DIC in the interior ocean, in particular the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and the biological carbon pump. Our δ13CDIC results are available from the British Oceanographic Data Centre – doi:10.5285/22235f1a-b7f3-687f-e053-6c86abc0c8a6.
L’écriture de Mohammed Dib entre photographie et intertexte
Authors: Amraoui Abdelaziz 
Published: June 2016

En 1946, Muni de son Rolleiflex, Dib, tout jeune photographie sa ville natale Tlemcen. En 1994, il publie son livre Tlemcen ou les lieux d’écriture, un texte empreint de nostalgie et d’amour pour sa ville et pour son pays. Ses photos y côtoient ses textes anciens dans un biblio personnel. Le lecteur se trouve entre un présent et un passé appelé sémiologiquement de deux procédés différents, mais complémentaires ; l’image et le texte. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’étudier comment la photographie s’est installée dans l’œuvre de Dib et comment elle se trouve au centre de son intérêt littéraire et nostalgique à la fois. Puis, nous verrons comment l’intertexte, devenu autotexte, est un moyen de vivre la nostalgie.