bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ by self-reported race reveals molecular differences related to outcome
Authors: Strand Siri H. , Houlahan Kathleen E. , Branch Vernal , Lynch Thomas , Rivero-Guitiérrez Belén , Harmon Bryan , Couch Fergus , Gallagher Kristalyn , Kilgore Mark , Wei Shi , DeMichele Angela , King Tari , McAuliffe Priscilla , Curtis Christina , Owzar Kouros , Marks Jeffrey R. , Colditz Graham A. , Hwang E. Shelley , West Robert B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Studies have indicated differences in DCIS outcome based on race or ethnicity, but molecular differences have not been investigated.

Methods
We examined the molecular profile of DCIS by self-reported race (SRR) and outcome groups in Black (n = 99) and White (n = 191) women in a large DCIS case-control cohort study with longitudinal follow up.

Results
Gene expression and pathway analyses suggested that different genes and pathways are involved in diagnosis and ipsilateral breast outcome (DCIS or IBC) after DCIS treatment in White versus Black women. We identified differences in ER and HER2 expression, tumor microenvironment composition, and copy number variations by SRR and outcome groups.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that different molecular mechanisms drive initiation and subsequent ipsilateral breast events in Black versus White women.
Robust mosquito species identification from diverse body and wing images using deep learning
Authors: Nolte Kristopher , Sauer Felix Gregor , Baumbach Jan , Kollmannsberger Philip , Lins Christian , Lühken Renke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases are a major global health threat. Traditional morphological or molecular methods for identifying mosquito species often require specialized expertise or expensive laboratory equipment. The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identify mosquito species based on images may offer a promising alternative, but their practical implementation often remains limited. This study explores the applicability of CNNs in classifying mosquito species. It compares the efficacy of body and wing depictions across three image collection methods: a smartphone, macro-lens attached to a smartphone and a professional stereomicroscope. The study included 796 specimens of four morphologically similar Aedes species, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. koreicus and Ae. japonicus japonicus. The findings of this study indicate that CNN models demonstrate superior performance in wing-based classification 87.6% (95% CI: 84.2–91.0) compared to body-based classification 78.9% (95% CI: 77.7–80.0). Nevertheless, there are notable limitations of CNNs as they perform reliably across multiple devices only when trained specifically on those devices, resulting in an average decline of mean accuracy by 14%, even with extensive image augmentation. Additionally, we also estimate the required training data volume for effective classification, noting a reduced requirement for wing-based classification compared to body-based methods. Our study underscores the viability of both body and wing classification methods for mosquito species identification while emphasizing the need to address practical constraints in developing accessible classification systems.
Graphical abstract
Heterogeneous response of estimated insulin sensitivity indices to metformin in young individuals with type 1 diabetes and different phenotypes
Authors: Ramaldes Luana A. L. , dos Santos Sarah S. , Dualib Patricia M. , de Sa Joao R. , Dib Sérgio A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aims
This study aimed to investigate whether the response to adding metformin to insulin in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) differs according to weight phenotype and insulin sensitivity index.

Methods
A prospective pilot study was conducted over 26 weeks in which insulin plus metformin (2 g/day) was administered to 35 individuals, ranging from normal weight (NW) to overweight (OW) to obese (OB) T1D individuals, to correlate insulin sensitivity indices and other clinical variables.

Results
At the end of the follow-up period, all groups showed an increase in the eGDR (NW: 7.37 vs 8.16, p = 0.002; OW: 7.28 vs 8.24, p < 0.001; OB: 6.33 vs 7.52 p < 0.001). KITT and SEARCH SCORE improved only in the OB group (2.15 vs 3.14, p < 0.001 and 5.26 vs 5.72, p = 0.007, respectively). Furthermore, HbA1c and BMI were significantly greater in the OB group (− 0.62%, p < 0.001; − 1.12 kg/m2, p = 0.031, respectively). Regression analysis revealed that the serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid were significantly (0.059, p = 0.013; 0.076, p = 0.001) associated with insulin sensitivity indices.

Conclusions
The study showed that eGDR improved independently of basal weight after metformin treatment. However, the KITT and SEARCH indices improved only in the obese group. Triglycerides and uric acid are associated with insulin sensitivity indices. These results highlight the heterogeneity of the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and its response to metformin in individuals with T1D.
Postharvest food loss reduction and agriculture policy framework in Tanzania: status and way forward
Authors: Rutta Evodius Waziri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 2014, Tanzania became a signatory of the African Union Postharvest Loss Management Strategy (AU-PHLMS) under the Malabo Declaration, a policy framework of the African Union aimed at reducing the continent's postharvest food losses by 50 percent by 2025. Though Tanzania has several agriculture development policies, very little research exists on to what extent the postharvest food loss agenda is reflected and integrated into Tanzania's agriculture policy framework, making it difficult to assess Tanzania's commitment and progress made to realize these ambitious targets in 2025. Using a scoping review method, this study reviews agriculture-food security policies and programs enacted by the government of Tanzania from the 1990s to 2022. Findings reveal that despite high postharvest food losses, policies, and agriculture development programs in favor of increasing food production remain the central focus of the government, while interventions to eliminate food loss and waste have not been prioritized. Results also show that with nearly half of the food produced not reaching consumers, Tanzania's ambitions to be food secure may only be realized if policy measures to increase crop productivity go hand in hand with preventing postharvest food losses. The study calls for full policy integration of postharvest management programs and more investment in farmer-focused interventions to reduce food loss and waste in Tanzania.
Prevalence and correlations of schistosomiasis mansoni and schistosomiasis haematobium among humans and intermediate snail hosts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xin-Yao , Li Qin , Li Yin-Long , Guo Su-Ying , Li Shi-Zhu , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Guo Jia-Gang , Bergquist Robert , Juma Saleh , Zhang Jian-Feng , Yang Kun , Xu Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The control of schistosomiasis is particularly difficult in sub-Saharan Africa, which currently harbours 95% of this disease. The target population for preventive chemotherapy (PC) is expanded to all age group at risk of infection, thus increasing the demands of praziquantel (PZQ) tablets according to the new released guideline by World Health Organization. Due to the gap between available PZQ for PC and requirements, alternative approaches to assess endemicity of schistosomiasis in a community, are urgently needed for more quick and precise methods. We aimed to find out to which degree the infection status of snails can be used to guide chemotherapy against schistosomiasis.

Methods
We searched literature published from January 1991 to December 2022, that reported on the prevalence rates of Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium in the intermediate snails Biomphalaria spp. and Bulinus spp., respectively, and in humans. A random effect model for meta-analyses was used to calculate the pooled prevalence estimate (PPE), with heterogeneity assessed using I-squared statistic (I2), with correlation and regression analysis for the exploration of the relationship between human S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections and that in their specific intermediate hosts.

Results
Forty-seven publications comprising 59 field investigations were included. The pooled PPE of schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis mansoni and schistosomiasis haematobium in humans were 27.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24.0–31.1%], 25.6% (95% CI: 19.9–31.3%), and 28.8% (95% CI: 23.4–34.3%), respectively. The snails showed an overall infection rate of 8.6% (95% CI: 7.7–9.4%), with 12.1% (95% CI: 9.9–14.2%) in the Biomphalaria spp. snails and 6.9% (95% CI: 5.7–8.1%) in the Bulinus spp. snails. The correlation coefficient was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.01–0.5%, P < 0.05) indicating that the two variables, i.e. all intermediate host snails on the one hand and the human host on the other, were positively correlated.

Conclusions
The prevalence rate of S. mansoni and S. haematobium is still high in endemic areas. Given the significant, positive correlation between the prevalence of schistosomes in humans and the intermediate snail hosts, more attention should be paid to programme integration of snail surveillance in future.

Graphical Abstract
Is high-intensity conflict escalation inevitable in the future? A two-level game analysis on the causes of US-Iran risky rivalry
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Wang Richard Xuetao , Zhang Jiajia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there appears to be a growing consensus among policymakers in both the East and the West, that the decades of global peace after the Cold War has now come to an end, and that the world is facing mounting security risks to the future of humanity. Among those challenges, the ongoing U.S.-Iran conflict poses particularly significant risks to regional and global security, and is closely related to many other contemporary international crises involving European states and their allies, particularly the Russo-Ukrainian War, the nuclear proliferation in Europe, and the military disputes between the Iran-backed Houthis and EU forces. But why has the U.S.-Iran relationship deteriorated so dramatically over the past years, and what are the future risks its presents to the international community? While extensive scholarly works have been conducted to examine the ideological, historical, and geopolitical variables that fuel this observed escalating antagonism, no study to date has formal-modelled the complex interactions between Tehran and Washington into a two-level game. Utilizing an infinitely-repeated game theory approach, this research presents a comprehensive analytical framework that explains how interrelated political factors at both the international and the domestic level jointly shape the dynamic of this bilateral relationship. We contend that the domestic rally effect created by risk-oriented diplomacy, incompatible ideological stances and political values, the increasing polarization within U.S. Congress, and the mounting rivalry between Israel and the Iran-led Axis of Resistance convince policymakers from both sides that their utilities can be maximized in a non-cooperative game. Based on our models, it can be forecasted that there is hardly any chance Washington and Tehran will concede to the other’s security demands in the foreseeable future. Thus, the risks of high-intensity conflict escalation due to miscalculation will continue to upsurge in the future.
The effect of technology-based service characteristics on relationship quality in metaverse exercise services: a questionnaire survey of bicycle simulator users in Korea
Authors: Kim Dong-Kyu , Lee So-Eun , Park Sung-Un , Choi Chulhwan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
As non-face-to-face contact has become a daily routine owing to the development of science and technology and impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, online technology-based services (TBSSs) have been expanding. Consequently, in virtual metaverse exercise spaces, the number of participants using TBSS is increasing. This study aimed to examine the effects of TBSS characteristics on the quality of the relationship between service providers and users of metaverse exercise services.

Methods
The participants were metaverse exercise service users in Korea, who were selected through purposive sampling (n = 254, 194 men, 61 women). A questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the participants’ TBSS characteristics (enjoyment, stability, usefulness, ease of use, and reliability) and relationship quality (satisfaction, trust, and commitment). We analyzed the frequency, validity, reliability, and descriptive statistics of the collected data. Moreover, correlation and multivariate multiple regression analyses were conducted.

Results
Enjoyment, stability, usefulness, and reliability of TBSS had positive effects on satisfaction; however, ease of use did not have a significant effect. In addition, enjoyment, usefulness, ease of use, and reliability of TBSS had positive effects on trust; however, stability did not have a significant effect. Furthermore, enjoyment and reliability of TBSS had positive effects on commitment; however, usefulness, ease of use, and stability had no significant effects.

Conclusions
This study provides metaverse exercise service providers with management strategies for attracting and retaining members. The results of this study could help develop effective TBSS and aid metaverse service companies facing a fiercely competitive environment.
The efficiency of detecting seabird behaviour from movement patterns: the effect of sampling frequency on inferring movement metrics in Procellariiformes
Authors: Schoombie Stefan , Wilson Rory P. , Ropert-Coudert Yan , Dilley Ben J. , Ryan Peter G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent technological advances have resulted in low-cost GPS loggers that are small enough to be used on a range of seabirds, producing accurate location estimates (± 5 m) at sampling intervals as low as 1 s. However, tradeoffs between battery life and sampling frequency result in studies using GPS loggers on flying seabirds yielding locational data at a wide range of sampling intervals. Metrics derived from these data are known to be scale-sensitive, but quantification of these errors is rarely available. Very frequent sampling, coupled with limited movement, can result in measurement error, overestimating movement, but a much more pervasive problem results from sampling at long intervals, which grossly underestimates path lengths.

Methods
We use fine-scale (1 Hz) GPS data from a range of albatrosses and petrels to study the effect of sampling interval on metrics derived from the data. The GPS paths were sub-sampled at increasing intervals to show the effect on path length (i.e. ground speed), turning angles, total distance travelled, as well as inferred behavioural states.

Results
We show that distances (and per implication ground speeds) are overestimated (4% on average, but up to 20%) at the shortest sampling intervals (1–5 s) and underestimated at longer intervals. The latter bias is greater for more sinuous flights (underestimated by on average 40% when sampling > 1-min intervals) as opposed to straight flight (11%). Although sample sizes were modest, the effect of the bias seemingly varied with species, where species with more sinuous flight modes had larger bias. Sampling intervals also played a large role when inferring behavioural states from path length and turning angles.

Conclusions
Location estimates from low-cost GPS loggers are appropriate to study the large-scale movements of seabirds when using coarse sampling intervals, but actual flight distances are underestimated. When inferring behavioural states from path lengths and turning angles, moderate sampling intervals (10–30 min) may provide more stable models, but the accuracy of the inferred behavioural states will depend on the time period associated with specific behaviours. Sampling rates have to be considered when comparing behaviours derived using varying sampling intervals and the use of bias-informed analyses are encouraged.
Restoring a natural skeleton of a premature infant from the early twentieth century
Authors: Neckel Peter H. , Fuchs Jakob , Buchenau Wolfgang , Fröhlich Klaus , von der Ruhr Jürgen , Shiozawa-Bayer Thomas , Hirt Bernhard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Traditional anatomical preparations as they are often found in university collections are both historical treasure and moral responsibility of the hosting institutions. These remains not only represent the tradition and history of anatomical science and education, but above all are the remains of human beings and thus should be treated with dignity. While the discussion on public display of historical human remains is ongoing, the responsibility to keep them in an optimal state of preservation is not in question. However, most time-honored anatomical collections do or did not have the financial and/or technical capacity to keep these high standards, underlining the need for exchange of technical know-how between anatomical institutes and the support of restoration/conservation professionals. Here, we present a state-of-the-art conservation and restoration of a fetal natural skeleton from the early twentieth century along with the professional documentation of restoration-measures. Therefore, we used modern photo- and video documentation, including photogrammetry, as well as UV- and x-ray-examinations to record historical and new restoration procedures. We carried out measures to reconstitute the structural stability of the skeleton. Moreover, we replaced lost parts of the left foot skeleton, and critically discuss the legitimacy of body part replacement in historical specimens. We are convinced, that similar cases of insufficiently preserved specimens can be found in most anatomical collections. Therefore, this article is not only intended to document the state-of-the-art conservation and restoration of a natural skeleton, but also serve as an inspiration for similar campaigns in other institutions in the future.
Impact of a suicide prevention learning module for firearm training courses in Louisiana
Authors: Houtsma Claire , Reyes Lauren , MacWilliams Katherine , True Gala 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Firearm suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Suicide prevention experts have advocated for upstream interventions that can be implemented prior to the development of suicidal thoughts, particularly those that focus on lethal means safety (LMS; e.g., increasing secure firearm storage). To reach firearm owners with LMS messaging, researchers have developed suicide prevention training content which can be incorporated into firearm training courses. However, no study to date has evaluated impact of such training on firearm course students’ subsequent knowledge, attitudes, and openness related to secure firearm storage. Thus, the current study sought to examine both the feasibility and acceptability of a LMS-focused suicide prevention training module among firearm course students, as well as the impact of this module on students’ secure firearm storage-related knowledge, attitudes, and openness.

Methods
Firearm instructors (N = 6) and students in firearm classes (N = 83) were recruited to participate. Students were invited to complete voluntary, anonymous pre- and post-surveys during courses they attended that were led by these instructors. Instructors and students were also invited to complete a brief qualitative interview.

Results
Results indicated that firearm instructors and students in firearm courses found the module feasible and acceptable. Additionally, students’ knowledge about the relationship between firearms and suicide, openness to changing firearm storage practices, and endorsement of the importance of discussing firearms and suicide with fellow firearm owners, as well as willingness and confidence to do so, all significantly increased after viewing the module.

Conclusions
These findings provide strong support for the use of such culturally competent LMS messaging as upstream suicide prevention in settings such as concealed carry courses.
Nominal and achieved stromal ablation depth after myopic transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: implications for residual stromal thickness calculation
Authors: Feng Yue , Nitter Tore Arnstein , Liu Xu , Stojanovic Aleksandar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The primary objective of this investigation was to compare the nominal central ablation depth with the achieved central corneal stromal ablation depth after StreamLight transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) for myopia with WaveLight® laser by Alcon Laboratories, TX, USA.

Methods
This ambispective study encompassed a retrospective analysis of 40 eyes who underwent treatment for myopia and astigmatism, followed by a prospective examination conducted 6–9 months postoperatively. Pre- and postoperative Avanti spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Optovue Inc., CA, USA) provided stromal and epithelial thickness maps. The difference between pre- and postoperative central stromal thicknesses at the corneal vertex was used to calculate the achieved stromal thickness ablation depth. This value was then compared with the corresponding central nominal depth on the laser ablation planning map.

Results
A total of 40 eyes (OD/OS:18/22) of 40 patients (31.4 ± 9.2 years) were available for evaluation. The mean treated spherical equivalent was − 2.98 ± 1.46 D. The mean nominal and achieved central stromal ablation depths were 51.22 µm and 59.67 μm, respectively, showing a mean stromal excessive ablation of 16.50%. The mean pre- and postoperative central epithelial thicknesses were 53.74 μm and 59.31 μm, respectively, showing a mean postoperative thickness increase of 10.46%. This increase in the epithelial thickness rendered the mean postoperative pachymetry reduction to 54.11 μm, only 2.33% greater than the mean nominal ablation depth.

Conclusions
The study revealed a central stromal ablation 16.50% greater than the nominal ablation depth. This excessive stromal removal was largely compensated for by the increase in epithelial thickness, resulting in a mean difference between the nominal ablation depth and the achieved central corneal pachymetry reduction of only 2.33%. This significant excessive central stromal ablation must be taken into consideration in the calculation of the residual stromal thickness.