bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Energy Computed Tomography in Musculoskeletal Imaging, with Focus on Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis
Authors: Hackenbroch Carsten , Riesner Hans-Joachim , Lang Patricia , Stuby Fabian , Beer Meinrad , Friemert Benedikt , Palm Hans-Georg ,   AG Becken III
Published: December 2017

AbstractDual energy computed tomography (DECT) is a constantly evolving technology, which opens up new diagnostic possibilities. It is particularly valuable for musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. Due to the lack of recognition and availability of dual energy scanners, routine use is only established in a few centres. The intention of this review is to show the possibilities and fields of applications of the DECT in MSK imaging, as well as to describe technical principles and typical indications. We mainly focus on the use of DECT in the context of fragility fractures of the pelvis. The use of the DECT in pelvic fractures of the elderly could combine the advantages of CT diagnostics – fast and continuous availability, lower costs by dispensing with a supplementary MRI examination – and the high sensitivity of MRI to oedema in fragility fractures. Furthermore, the latest DECT scanners are dose neutral, so that these examinations can also be carried out without increased radiation exposure.
Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog „Rehabilitation, Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“ (RPMN) – revidierte Fassung
Authors: Mau Wilfried , Liebl Max , Deck Ruth , Lange Uwe , Smolenski Ulrich , Walter Susanne , Gutenbrunner Christoph ,   (für die Kommissionen Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung der DGRW# und DGPMR+)
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungSeit der ersten Publikation der Lernziele für den Querschnittsbereich „Rehabilitation, Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren (RPMN)“ im Medizinstudium im Jahr 2004 ist auf Grund heterogener Lehrangebote an den Fakultäten sowie neuer Impulse v. a. aus dem „Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Medizin (NKLM)“ und dem „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ eine Revision sinnvoll. Deshalb haben die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rehabilitationswissenschaften e. V. und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation e. V. in einem strukturierten Konsensprozess nach der DELPHI-Methodik die Lernziele reduziert und übersichtlicher gegliedert. Besonders relevante Lernziele werden hervorgehoben. Alle Lernziele werden der kognitiven und Methodenkompetenz (Level 1 „Kennen und Können“) bzw. der Handlungskompetenz (Level 2 „Beherrschen“) zugeordnet. Auf die Lernziele im weniger detaillierten NKLM wird konkret verwiesen. Mit diesem revidierten Lernzielkatalog wird ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der kompetenzbasierten und in Kernbereichen homogeneren humanmedizinischen Lehre zu RPMN an den Fakultäten geleistet.
Fairies, banshees, and the church
Authors: Peters Arne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe present paper approaches Irish English from a cultural linguistic perspective. It illustrates how the study of cultural schemas, cultural categories, cultural conceptualisations, and conceptual metaphors/metonymies can contribute to the understanding of Irish English as a variety of English whose speech community shares a unique cultural cognition, which is instantiated in linguistic patterns that appear to be ‘marked’ for everybody from outside of Ireland. Drawing from two corpora (ICE-Ireland, Corpus of Galway City Spoken English) as well as from ethnographic research (Wentz 1911;National Folklore Collection 1939/2017), the paper discusses possible cultural keywords of Irish English, cultural schemas involvingbansheesandfairiesas well as conceptual metonymies such asthe church is authority, all of which can be understood to express particular Irish cultural experiences. The paper also illustrates how cultural conceptualisations are constantly being negotiated and renegotiated through time and across generations within the Irish English speech community. The paper illustrates the applicability of the cultural linguistic paradigm to the study of Irish English, offering a new perspective on a well-studied variety of English.
Conceptualizations of respect in business negotiations
Authors: Oliveira Milene Mendes de 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInternational business negotiations are prone to several difficulties, one of the most fundamental of which being differences in cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian 2011). In order to explore how Brazilians and Germans conceptualizerespect in business negotiations, interviews in English with business negotiators were conducted and cultural conceptualizations analyzed. Following an ‘organic’ (Quinn 2005) and (mainly) qualitative approach to data, this paper presents: (a) the main conceptualizations found for both groups; (b) a cognitive-linguistic analysis of collocations of ‘respect’ found in the interviews; and (c) a preliminary sketch of group-level conceptualizations ofrespect in business negotiationsfor both groups. For Brazilians, the source domainslocationandvertical splittingwere salient, which points to the relevance of hierarchy. For Germans, the source domainhorizontal splittingand thesphere separationcultural schema were recurrent, which signals appreciation for the public-private sphere separation. These conceptual differences might have practical consequences in international negotiation scenarios.
Effects of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–2Cr–Mo–0.12C steel
Authors: Wang Qi-wen , Li Chang-sheng , Chen Jie , Tu Xing-yang 
Published: December 2017

Thermal simulated specimens with the heat inputs of 20, 50 and 80 kJ/cm were used to investigate the effects of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Fe–2Cr–Mo–0.12C pressure-vessel steel. The results indicated that the microstructures in the coarse-grained heat affected zone of tested steels with various heat inputs were mainly consisted of lath martensite and bainite ferrite. As the heat input increased, the fraction of martensite decreased and the bainite ferrite fraction increased. The toughness (tested at −40°C) and hardness for the heat input of 50 kJ/cm were 102 J and 346 HV, respectively, which was attributed to the high-volume fraction (60%) of the high-angle grain-boundary and the fine bainite lath. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Nuclear Materials.
The characteristics of TiAl-based alloys melted in graphite crucibles
Authors: Szkliniarz Wojciech , Szkliniarz Agnieszka 
Published: December 2017

In the paper, the phase composition, microstructure, and selected mechanical and operational properties at room and elevated temperature of a TiAl intermetallic alloy from the TNB group – Ti–45Al–8Nb–0.5(B, C), induction melted in special graphite crucibles, are characterised. Selected properties of this alloy were compared to those of the reference TNB-V2 alloy with similar chemical composition, prepared with technologies currently used in the world. The result of this comparison was a positive recommendation for the proposed melting technology as an alternative to this and other groups of TiAl-based alloys. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Titanium.
Thermodynamic analysis of steam-injected advanced gas turbine cycles
Authors: Pandey Devendra , Bade Mukund H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper deals with thermodynamic analysis of steam-injected gas turbine (STIGT) cycle. To analyse the thermodynamic performance of steam-injected gas turbine (STIGT) cycles, a methodology based on pinch analysis is proposed. This graphical methodology is a systematic approach proposed for a selection of gas turbine with steam injection. The developed graphs are useful for selection of steam-injected gas turbine (STIGT) for optimal operation of it and helps designer to take appropriate decision. The selection of steam-injected gas turbine (STIGT) cycle can be done either at minimum steam ratio (ratio of mass flow rate of steam to air) with maximum efficiency or at maximum steam ratio with maximum net work conditions based on the objective of plants designer. Operating the steam injection based advanced gas turbine plant at minimum steam ratio improves efficiency, resulting in reduction of pollution caused by the emission of flue gases. On the other hand, operating plant at maximum steam ratio can result in maximum work output and hence higher available power.
JASPAR RESTful API: accessing JASPAR data from any programming language
Authors: Khan Aziz , Mathelier Anthony 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Summary
JASPAR is a widely used open-access database of curated, non-redundant transcription factor binding profiles. Currently, data from JASPAR can be retrieved as flat files or by using programming language-specific interfaces. Here, we present a programming language-independent application programming interface (API) to access JASPAR data using the Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture. The REST API enables programmatic access to JASPAR by most programming languages and returns data in eight widely used formats. Several endpoints are available to access the data and an endpoint is available to infer the TF binding profile(s) likely bound by a given DNA binding domain protein sequence. Additionally, it provides an interactive browsable interface for bioinformatics tool developers.

Availability and implementation
This REST API is implemented in Python using the Django REST Framework. It is accessible at http://jaspar.genereg.net/api/ and the source code is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/CBGR/jaspar under GPL v3 license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
fMLC: fast multi-level clustering and visualization of large molecular datasets
Authors: Vu D , Georgievska S , Szoke S , Kuzniar A , Robert V 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Despite successful applications of data clustering and visualization techniques in molecular sequence identification, current technologies still do not scale to large biological datasets.

Results
We address this problem by a new multi-threaded tool, fMLC, primarily developed to cluster DNA sequences, that is supplemented with an interactive web-based visualization component, DiVE. fMLC enabled to compare, cluster and visualize 350K ITS fungal sequences at the species level. It took less than two hours to compare and cluster the dataset, which is twelve times faster than the time reported previously.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/FastMLC/fMLC (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.926820)
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)
Authors: McDonald L Clifford , Gerding Dale N , Johnson Stuart , Bakken Johan S , Carroll Karen C , Coffin Susan E , Dubberke Erik R , Garey Kevin W , Gould Carolyn V , Kelly Ciaran , Loo Vivian , Shaklee Sammons Julia , Sandora Thomas J , Wilcox Mark H 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA panel of experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) to update the 2010 clinical practice guideline on Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults. The update, which has incorporated recommendations for children (following the adult recommendations for epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment), includes significant changes in the management of this infection and reflects the evolving controversy over best methods for diagnosis. Clostridium difficile remains the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and has become the most commonly identified cause of healthcare-associated infection in adults in the United States. Moreover, C. difficile has established itself as an important community pathogen. Although the prevalence of the epidemic and virulent ribotype 027 strain has declined markedly along with overall CDI rates in parts of Europe, it remains one of the most commonly identified strains in the United States where it causes a sizable minority of CDIs, especially healthcare-associated CDIs. This guideline updates recommendations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, infection prevention, and environmental management.
Quantitative Runge Approximation and Inverse Problems
Authors: Rüland Angkana , Salo Mikko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this short note, we provide a quantitative version of the classical Runge approximation property for second-order elliptic operators. This relies on quantitative unique continuation results and duality arguments. We show that these estimates are essentially optimal. As a model application, we provide a new proof of the result from [8], [2] on stability for the Calderón problem with local data.
Health Conditions in an Adult Population in Sierra Leone: Data Reported From the Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine Against Ebola (STRIVE)
Authors: Fombah Augustin E , Goldstein Susan T , Jarrett Olamide D , Jalloh Mohamed I , El-Khorazaty Jill , Lisk Durodami Radcliffe , Legardy-Williams Jennifer , Pratt Dudley A , George Peter M , Russell James B W , Schrag Stephanie J , Dawson Peter , Deen Gibrilla F , Carr Wendy , Lindblad Robert , James Faustine , Bah Mohamed M , Yillia John F , Sandy Jibao D , Turay Patrick E , Conteh Muhammad-Abbas , Slutsker Laurence , Mahon Barbara E , Samai Mohamed , Seward Jane F 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine Against Ebola (STRIVE), a clinical trial of the investigational recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–based Ebola virus vaccine (rVSV∆ZEBOV-GP; Merck), provided an opportunity to assess health conditions in a cohort of healthy Sierra Leonean adults before vaccination. Of the 8793 healthcare and frontline Ebola response workers screened for study enrollment, 7 (0.1%) self-reported human immunodeficiency virus infection or another significant immunodeficiency disorder and 11 of 3190 (0.3%) women 18–49 years old had a positive urine pregnancy test. Of the 440 participants included in a safety substudy, 124 (28.2%) reported at least 1 medical condition at baseline, most commonly drug hypersensitivity (11.6%), arthralgia (3.9%), arthropathy (2.7%), or gastric (3.0%) or peptic (2.7%) ulcer disease. We calculated the incidence per 100 person-years (PY) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of new medical conditions among the 4297 participants followed for 18–24 weeks from enrollment to scheduled vaccination. The most commonly reported conditions were headache (32.4 PY [95% CI, 29.7–35.3 PY]), pain (unspecified) (17.3 PY [95% CI, 15.4–19.4 PY]), arthralgia (9.3 PY [95% CI, 7.9–10.8 PY]), and abdominal pain (9.1 PY [95% CI, 7.7–10.7 PY]). Nasopharyngitis (7.0 PY [95% CI, 5.8–8.4 PY]) and malaria (1.9 PY [95% CI, 1.3–2.7 PY]) were the most commonly reported infectious conditions. Several cases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer were also reported.

Clinical Trials Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02378753] and Pan African Clinical Trials Registry [PACTR201502001037220].
Extracellular Matrix Applications in the Treatment of Open Fractures With Complex Wounds and Large Soft Tissue Defects
Authors: Fokin Alexander A. , Puente Ivan , Hus Nir , Rodriguez Eugenio , Weisz Russell D. 
Published: December 2017

Summary:
Use of biologic scaffolds such as extracellular matrix (ECM) is a promising trend in the treatment of complex wounds in orthopedic trauma patients. In this clinical series we describe the technique of the successful application of porcine urinary bladder ECM products in the treatment of open fractures of the extremities with complex wounds and large soft tissue defects. The clinical outcomes demonstrated that even in challenging cases where local flap coverage of bone or neurovascular structures is not possible, sequential xenograft implantation allowed us to achieve a stable soft tissue envelope. Different forms of ECM products are easy to apply in the presence of orthopedic hardware. In certain wounds, complete closure can be achieved even without subsequent skin grafting. We recommend relatively earlier application of xenograft.
Effects of Propofol on Cellular Bioenergetics in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Krajčová Adéla , Løvsletten Nils Gunnar , Waldauf Petr , Frič Vladimír , Elkalaf Moustafa , Urban Tomáš , Anděl Michal , Trnka Jan , Thoresen G. Hege , Duška František 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
Propofol may adversely affect the function of mitochondria and the clinical features of propofol infusion syndrome suggest that this may be linked to propofol-related bioenergetic failure. We aimed to assess the effect of therapeutic propofol concentrations on energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle cells.

Design:
In vitro study on human skeletal muscle cells.

Settings:
University research laboratories.

Subjects:
Patients undergoing hip surgery and healthy volunteers.

Interventions:
Vastus lateralis biopsies were processed to obtain cultured myotubes, which were exposed to a range of 1–10 μg/mL propofol for 96 hours.

Measurements and Main Results:
Extracellular flux analysis was used to measure global mitochondrial functional indices, glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the functional capacities of individual complexes of electron transfer chain. In addition, we used [1-14C]palmitate to measure fatty acid oxidation and spectrophotometry to assess activities of individual electron transfer chain complexes II–IV. Although cell survival and basal oxygen consumption rate were only affected by 10 μg/mL of propofol, concentrations as low as 1 μg/mL reduced spare electron transfer chain capacity. Uncoupling effects of propofol were mild, and not dependent on concentration. There was no inhibition of any respiratory complexes with low dose propofol, but we found a profound inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Addition of extra fatty acids into the media counteracted the propofol effects on electron transfer chain, suggesting inhibition of fatty acid oxidation as the causative mechanism of reduced spare electron transfer chain capacity. Whether these metabolic in vitro changes are observable in other organs and at the whole-body level remains to be investigated.

Conclusions:
Concentrations of propofol seen in plasma of sedated patients in ICU cause a significant inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in human skeletal muscle cells and reduce spare capacity of electron transfer chain in mitochondria.
Advanced PET imaging in oncology: status and developments with current and future relevance to lung cancer care
Authors: Voigt Wieland 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
This review highlights the status and developments of PET imaging in oncology, with particular emphasis on lung cancer. We discuss the significance of PET for diagnosis, staging, decision-making, monitoring of treatment response, and drug development. The PET key advantage, the noninvasive assessment of functional and molecular tumor characteristics including tumor heterogeneity, as well as PET trends relevant to cancer care are exemplified.

Recent findings
Advances of PET and radiotracer technology are encouraging for multiple fields of oncological research and clinical application, including in-depth assessment of PET images by texture analysis (radiomics). Whole body PET imaging and novel PET tracers allow assessing characteristics of most types of cancer. However, only few PET tracers in addition to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose have sufficiently been validated, approved, and are reimbursed for a limited number of indications. Therefore, validation and standardization of PET parameters including tracer dosage, image acquisition, post processing, and reading are required to expand PET imaging as clinically applicable approach.

Summary
Considering the potential of PET imaging for precision medicine and drug development in lung and other types of cancer, increasing efforts are warranted to standardize PET technology and to provide evidence for PET imaging as a guiding biomarker in nearly all areas of cancer treatment.
The prevalence of occult leiomyosarcoma in women undergoing presumed fibroid surgery and outcomes after morcellation
Authors: Pritts Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
To review the data-derived prevalence rates for occult leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and outcomes for women who have these tumors inadvertently morcellated.

Recent findings
In 2014, the Food and Drug Administration presented data showing the prevalence rates of occult LMS at 2.02/1000 surgeries for presumed benign fibroids. They also attributed poorer outcomes for women undergoing power morcellation of these tumors. Two more recent meta-analyses have shown much lower rates, as low as one in 8300 surgeries when including only prospective studies, and one in 1428 surgeries when including both prospective and retrospective studies. When looking at outcomes, both studies show no difference in outcomes when comparing power or any other type of morcellation. The most recent data suggest that even intact removal has no advantage when looking at mortality rates.

Summary
Prevalence of occult LMS remains quite rare, but outcomes after intact removal or any type of morcellation appear to be no different.
Progressive Tightening of Pulley Sutures for Primary Repair of Large Scalp Wounds
Authors: Malone C. Helen , McLaughlin Jillian M. , Ross Lindy S. , Phillips Linda G. , Wagner Richard F. 
Published: December 2017

Summary:
Scalp defects greater than 2 cm in diameter are not usually amenable to primary closure and require local tissue rearrangement, grafting, tissue expansion, or prolonged second intention healing. Scalp flap reconstruction is a significant undertaking that requires elevation of a total flap surface area that is 3–6 times the size of the defect, often involves profuse bleeding, and can be challenging to perform without conscious sedation or general anesthesia. Anticoagulated and medically complex patients pose additional challenges and limit options for treatment. The pulley suture uses the mechanical advantage of the pulley to distribute tension across a wound and is useful in areas of high tension such as scalp wounds. For scalp wounds greater than 2 cm, pulley sutures are placed along the length of the wound. An assistant exerts equal tension on the pulley sutures, and the surgeon sequentially ties the sutures. The sutures are tightened and retied weekly until complete scalp closure is achieved. The pulley sutures can be used for rapid primary closure of scalp wounds up to 2.5–3.0 cm in diameter under local anesthesia. For scalp wounds larger than 3 cm, we have also found that pulley sutures can be progressively tightened yielding additional tissue expansion every week. Scalp wounds greater than 3.0 cm can be easily closed via primary repair and weekly tightening of pulley sutures without the need for flap reconstruction, traditional tissue expander placement, or second intention healing.