bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ASYMMETRY OF SEMANTIC ACTIVATION IN UNCONSCIOUS AWARENESS OF AMBIGUOUS LEXIS
Authors: Kryukova A. P. , Agafonov A. Yu. , Kozlov D. D. , Shilov Yu. E. 
Published: July 2017

The article addresses the issue of perception and processing of ambiguous information. Experimental effects of understanding of polysemantic stimuli (homonyms, reversed figures) on conscious and unconscious levels have been analyzed. It is shown that implicit awareness of several meanings occurs before the explication of one meaning of stimulus take place. The aim of the current research is to discover the effect of asymmetry of semantic activation in unconscious perception of ambiguous information (in homonyms). The procedures and results of the two conducted studies are fully described. In Experiment 1, technique of priming was used, in which ambiguous words were used as prime stimuli. Participants were randomly divided into four groups (two experimental and two control groups). Unconscious primes with visual mask were demonstrated to participants of experimental groups. Then, two words were demonstrated, only one of which had semantic relation to one meaning of the prime stimulus. The sets of stimuli in the experimental groups differed only in the words that were semantically related to the meaning of the ambiguous prime. The words that were not semantically related to the prime stimuli were identical. Then all partici pants (including participants in control groups) were told to choose as quickly as they could one word of two, using keys “left” or “right”. The results supported the hypothesis about the asymmetry of semantic activation in general. Participants did choose words related to particular meaning of prime stimuli more often.In Experiment 2, participants were asked to write down associations with the same words that were used as primes in Experiment 1. The results have shown that stronger association between prime and ambiguous stimuli facilitates priming-effect, while weaker association makes priming-effect insignificant.The present research supports the proposition that all alternative meanings of ambiguous words are more or less actualized implicitly, which influences further cognitive activity. The described phenomenon was labeled as the effect of semantic activation asymmetry. On the unconscious level, this asymmetry shows up as quantitative difference between priming-effects. On the conscious level, this asymmetry shows up as easiness and accessibility of verbal associations on corresponding meaning of the ambiguous word.
SUBJECT-OBJECT RELATIONS IN ENGLISH IDIOMS WITH A GUSTATORY PERCEPTIVE COMPONNENT
Authors: Varlamenko I. G. 
Published: July 2017

The paper proposes an analysis of the idioms that have reference to the modus of gustatory perception. The main goal of the paper is to study structural and semantic features of the idioms belonging to this group as well as to consider cognitive and stylistic characteristics of their representation in English literary texts, specifically in W. S. Maugham’s novels “Theatre” and “The Razor’s Edge”. The classifications of the idioms according to the perceptive predicates and to their abilities to characterize either a perceptive subject, or a perceptive object, or perceptive activity itself are presented. The features of their usage in fiction are in the focus of attention.
RECEPTIVE STRATEGIES OF Y. KLAVDIEV'S PLAY "THE YAKUZA DOGS"
Authors: Volkova T. N. 
Published: July 2017

The article discusses the play by contemporary playwright Yuri Klavdiev "TheYakuza Dogs." Here is a detailed (but not exhaustive) analysis of the cultural codes. According to the author of the study, the languages of animation, cinema, classical and fictional literature, computer games and eastern philosophy form in the play, a specific "dialect" addressed to its teenage reader. The article emphasizes that a reading teenager is different from a child-reader and an adult reader: their receptive capabilities are largely defined by puberty crisis. On the one hand, in fiction a teenager looks for dynamics and heroics, and, on the other hand, they are eager to face the social reality fierce with its innumerable conflicts. In the first case, the teenagers manifest themselves as a child-reader with their interest for action and the struggle between good and evil. In the second case, on the contrary, as an adult, since the ability to see the border that separates the tale from life belongs only to a well-formed reader.
THE IMAGEIS OF GERMAN CITIES IN RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES AT THE TURN OF XIX CENTURY
Authors: Zhdanov S. S. 
Published: July 2017

The paper deals with specific features of representing German cities and towns in Russian travelogues at the turn of the XIX century written by V. N. Zinov'ev, D. I. Fonvizin, N. M. Karamzin and F. P. Lubyanovskiy. These texts reflect pursuance of Russian self-identity on the basis of comparison with Western Europe, in particular, with Germany. The Russian authors focus on culturespecific elements of the represented locuses. Cleanness, comfort, space limitation and closeness should also be mentioned as characteristics of the German urban chronotopos. The urban locus is represented from two points of view: as a space of cultural artifacts and as an anthropic space of citizens. The second aspect is important for N. M. Karamzin and F. P. Lubyanovskiy’s sentimentalistic texts but can hardly be found in works by V. N. Zinov'ev and D. I. Fonvizin. The urban descriptions in sentimentalists’ travelogues are more voluminous, filled with figures of speech, different historic and contemporaneous realia.
THE ARCTIC REGION IN POLITICS OF AMERICAN STATES: PAST AND PRESENT
Authors: Kazakov M. A. , Lystsev M. S. 
Published: July 2017

The article analyzes the historical experience and the basic stages of development of the North American Arctic states in the twentieth century. With the new data, and based on the historical method, the article reveals changing relationships of these states to the Arctic in their successive temporary development during the second half of XX – beginning of XXI centuries. The article features the evolution of the position of the authorities in Ottawa and Washington to the region in the context of developing and conducting them in the national interests and security policy.The conclusion is that the policy of the US government and Canada to coordinate their actions in the region under the pretext of defending national interests and to counter external threats, has some historical positive outcome, along with some well-known commitments. Security Policy in these countries limits the competence of the state threats to their territorial integrity, which does not give the government the authority to undue interference in areas that are governed by market forces and civil society. In the light of the impending changes caused by the election of D. Trump, this circumstance should be exploited for excluding the very possibility of military conflict from the political process the Arctic countries.
THE ROLE OF LIBRARIES CARE SOCIETY FOR ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF BARNAUL (1880s – EARLY XX CENTURY)
Authors: Nikulina I. N. , Potupchik M. N. 
Published: July 2017

The study of history of cultural and educational society’s activity, as well as the way they influence the socio-cultural space of provincial towns, contributes to holistic perception of cultural development of Siberia as well as Russia in general. Some issues relating to creation and development of Barnaul Society of Care for Elementary Education and its educational activity through libraries are considered in the article. The society was founded due to the selfless work of such an outstanding public person as V. K. Shtilke. Shtilke’s initiative as well as the initiative of other members of the society contributed to the opening of schools for children and weekend schools for adults, strengthening of public education through library organization, public readings, lectures, accessible performances. The main directions, methods, forms and results of educational work identified in the course of the study have led to the conclusion about the leading role of the Society in extracurricular education in Barnaul in 1880s – the beginning of 20th century. The conclusion about the significant influence of libraries of the Society on the dissemination of book culture among the broad masses of the population is justified.
EVERYDAY LIFE OF SIBERIAN JOURNALISTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY: METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
Authors: Rodigina N. N. , Kozlova I. S. 
Published: July 2017

The article substantiates the relevance of studying the everyday life of the Siberian journalists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries. The authors offer approaches to its study, determine the content of basic concepts.A combination of several not internally contradictory approaches to the study of everyday life of the professional community of journalists in the provinces of the Russian Empire located behind the Urals seems to be productive.First, we relate the topic of our research interests with subject field of anthropology of professions, which are characterized by attention to issues about the criteria for belonging to the professional community, assessment of the status of the profession by professionals and society, relations between different actors within the professional group, conflicts and forms of self-organization of professionals.Second, the topic requires an appeal to the works of historians of everyday life. The definition of the subject area of everyday life by N. L. Pushkareva and S. V. Ljubichansky as well as theoretical provisions by A. Ludtke are used as a baseline. In relation to the reality under study, the concepts of «journalists» and «Siberian journalist» are revealed, come conclusions about the specificity of formation of socioprofessional group of Siberian journalists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries are made.
LABOUR POTENTIAL OF SIBERIA ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: EVALUATION OF MOBILIZATION OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Romanov R. E. 
Published: July 2017

The article attempts to evaluate the mobilization opportunities of the labor potential of Siberia on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. For this purpose, based on the materials of All-Union census of 1939, the research identified the demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural features of the formation of the population aged 15 – 59 used later in the military economy of Siberian rear. It was concluded that from the point of view of intensive economic use of the strengths of the human array was the high proportion of youth, intense dynamics of migration and economic activity, low level of industrial employment, the existence of large reserves of female labor force in urban and rural areas. Weak sides of this array were the disperse nature of population distribution, low fixability of migrants in large cities, a significant share of male reservists, higher overall employment, low levels of literacy and education. In general, these quality characteristics in wartime conditions had an ambiguous and contradictory effect on the mobilization of human resources in Siberia in the industry of defense significance.
ADULT ACGUIRED FLATFOOT DEFORMITY (REVIEW)
Authors: Bulatov A. A. , Emelyanov V. G. , Mikhailov K. S. 
Published: July 2017

Flatfoot deformity represents a complex pathology often observed in active adult population. Conservative treatment does not always yield the intended outcome. Various surgical methods addressing mentioned pathology were actively developing during past decades. However, despite diversity of procedures there are many contradictions in respect of necessity and efficiency of a certain procedure especially in grades II and IV of the disease. The paper presents clinical, roentgenological and biomechanical features of acquired flatfoot deformity. The authors analyzed literature publications dedicated to different correction methods adopted in world orthopaedics.
Risk Factors Related To The Psychic Suffering In Women In Pre And Post-Natal Accompanied By An Institution Of Philanthropic Pernambuco State
Authors: Da Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues , Correia Nathália Da Silva , Cordeiro Eliana Lessa , Ramos Ana Raquel Xavier , Cassilhas Ana Paula Pimentel , De Souza Gardênia Conceição Santos , Da Silva Ana Caroline Alves , Pimenta Clarissa Silva , Da Silva Filho Jabiael Carneiro , De Albuquerque Thaíse Torres , Da Silva Filho Ivanildo Pereira , Dos Santos Raquel Bezerra , Wanderley Thyago Da Costa , Lima Ítala Santos , Monteiro Erika Maria De Lima , Santos Ana Paula Ochoa , De Araújo Patricia Daniella , De Oliveira Ágda Caroenna Barros , Marques Maria Clara Vieira , Dos Santos Flavyana Silva , Da Silva Isabela Najela Nascimento , Castro Graciely Maria De Oliveira , Batista Morganna Guedes , Braga Luanna Silva , De Abreu Paula Daniella , Ribeiro Denize Ferreira 
Published: July 2017

This article aims to identify the prevalence of women who present risk for psychological distress in the pre- and postnatal period. A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted with a quantitative data approach, a study carried out at the pre and postnatal health outpatient clinic of IMIP - Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife (PE). We used instruments such as the Sociodemographic Data Survey Questionnaire, the Puerperal Pregnancy Cycle Questionnaire Questionnaire, and the Psychiatric Morbidity Questionnaire in Adults (QMPA) with 775 women, of whom 450 were pregnant and 325 were women who had given birth in the period of August / October 2014, After approval of the Ethics and Research Committee (CEP) of IMIP, under the number of CAEE: 30991314.9.0000.5201. The study showed that, in prenatal care, 48% (216) of the cases presented a risk for psychological distress; And in the postnatal period, 47% (152). It was possible to identify psychic suffering in the majority of women, and they often go unnoticed by the professionals who assist them. The knowledge of the risk factors, triggers and symptoms during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, makes the mental diagnosis more efficient, thus providing a safer and more peaceful pregnancy for mother-child-family.
Keywords: Women’s Health; Mental Health; Stress Psychological; Risk Factors.
Evaluation of in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification for tuberculosis diagnosis compared with Xpert MTB/RIF
Authors: Habeenzu Charity , Nakajima Chie , Solo Eddie , Bwalya Precious , Kajino Kiichi , Miller Mari , Kurosawa Youichi , Mudenda Victor , Kasonka Lackson , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Matsuba Takashi 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: To evaluate the diagnostic performances of an in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) kit and the Xpert MTB/RIF test for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a resource-limited setting, this study was performed at the University Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, the Republic of Zambia.
Methodology: Two hundred sputum specimens obtained from new tuberculosis (TB) suspects were used for the evaluation of the diagnostic performance of an in-house LAMP kit in comparison with the Xpert MTB/RIF kit.
Results: The sensitivity of in-house LAMP and Xpert MTB/RIF was 96.9% and 95.4% in smear-positive samples, 96.8% and 100% in smear-positive/culture-positive samples, and 39.1% and 73.9% in smear-negative/culture-positive samples, respectively. The specificity of in-house LAMP and MTB/RIF kits with culture was 96.5% and 94.5%, respectively. This indicated the superiority of the Xpert MTB/RIF kit; however, mechanical errors during sample processing and the insufficient quantity of samples by Xpert MTB/RIF kit occurred at 2.0% and 19.7%, respectively, comparing to the 100% accessibility of in-house LAMP.
Conclusions: Considering the results obtained in this study together with the easy setup with much simpler equipment, such as an aluminum heat block or water bath, in in-house LAMP compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction equipment in Xpert MTB/RIF kit, the applicability of in-house LAMP for the screening of tuberculosis directly from sputum in resource-limited setting seemed to be high.
In vitro bactericidal activities of two novel dihydropyridine derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Zandhaghighi Mehdi , Hadizadeh Farzin , Soleimanpour Saman , Meshkat Zahra , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim , Derakhshan Mohammad , Ghazvini Kiarash 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Introducing new and effective antitubercular agents is important in tuberculosis control programs. In this study, the in vitro antitubercular activity of two novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (F-27, Cl-33) were screened against a total of 113 different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (77 susceptible and 36 resistant clinical isolates).
Methodology: The in vitro activities of these compounds were evaluated based on the modified broth macro-dilution assay.
Results: Compound F-27 showed more than 90% growth inhibition at the range of 2 to 8 μg/mL (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]90: 4.13 ± 0.45 µg/mL; p < 0.01), and complete growth inhibition was observed at the range of 8 to 32 μg/mL (minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]: 11.2 ± 1.65 µg/mL; p < 0.01) against susceptible strains. However, 92% of the resistant strains showed some degree of susceptibility against this compound (MIC90 range: 16 to 64 µg/mL; mean: 40.4 ± 8 µg/mL; p < 0.01). It was found that although there is a linear relationship between the inhibitory activity of F-27 and isoniazid against resistant strains at low concentrations (r = 0.484, p < 0.001), there was no relationship between resistance to isoniazid and F-27 at higher concentrations (r = 0.019, p > 0.1). This may emphasize no cross-resistance between F-27 and isoniazid.
Conclusions: Considering the sufficient sample size of the study and based on the excellent antimycobacterial activity of F-27, it could be concluded that F-27 is a potent candidate as a lead compound, and may be considered for development of a new antitubercular agent.
Rodents and other small mammal reservoirs in plague foci in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Da Costa Erika de Cássia Vieira , Sobreira Marise , Leal Nilma Cintra , De Almeida Alzira Maria Paiva 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Plague is an acute, infectious zoonotic disease, primarily of wild rodents and their fleas, that affects humans and other mammals. In Brazil, several plague foci are located in the northeast region. Plague surveillance based on monitoring of rodents was discontinued in 2007, and the current information on rodent populations is unsatisfactory. Our purpose was to update the information on rodents and other small mammals in plague foci in northeastern Brazil.
Methodology: Nine surveys in the historically most important northeastern plague areas were conducted in 2013-2015.
Results: In this study, 393 animals (13 rodent and four marsupial species) were entrapped. The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis was not detected in tissue sample cultures from the 225 animals that were analyzed. Eighty sera samples were analyzed for anti-F1 antibodies by hemagglutination (HA) and protein A ELISA tests, and all were negative, except for one marsupial, Monodelphis domestica, which was HA positive.
Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative differences in the animal populations were observed in the areas surveyed, and the antibody positive marsupial indicated that plague continues to circulate in the wild.
Detection of virulence genes in ESBL producing, quinolone resistant commensal Escherichia coli from rural Indian children
Authors: Chandran Salesh P , Sarkar Samarpita , Diwan Vishal , Pathak Ashish , Shah Harshada , Tamhankar Ashok J , Macaden Ragini , Stålsby-Lundborg Cecilia 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing commensal Escherichia coli are considered as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes that may be transmitted in the community. This study aimed to determine the genes coding for ESBLs, plasmid mediated quinolone resistance and virulence markers in commensal E. coli isolated from healthy school children.
Methodology: ESBL producing E. coli isolates (n = 47) were obtained from 529 fecal samples of healthy school children from a rural area in central India. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the genes coding for cephalosporin and quinolone resistance, for virulence fluA, fluB, stx1, stx2, eae, bfp, lt, stII, virF, ipaH, daaE, aafII and phylogenetic groups.
Results: Of the 47 ESBL producing E. coli, 41 were positive for CTXM-15, 23 for TEM-1, 8 for OXA-1and a single for SHV-12. For plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, all the 47 isolates carried the aac(6’)-ib-cr gene, and amongst them18 were qnrS positive. Virulence gene, fluA was detected in 32,whereas eae in 14, daaE in 7 and fluB in 1. In 10 isolates, fluA and eae and in 7, fluA and daaE co-existed. Of the 47 E. coli isolates, 18 were grouped into the phylogenetic group B2, 17 in D and 12 in A. The proportion of isolates positive for fluA gene in the phylogenetic group B2 (18/18), was significantly higher than in group A (7/12) and D (6/17).
Conclusion: Commensal E. coli in healthy children in rural India may serve as reservoirs of resistance towards cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and virulence coding genes for urinary tract and diarrheal infections.
Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a university hospital in Brazil
Authors: Vivan Ana Carolina Polano , Rosa Juliana Ferraz , Rizek Camila Fonseca , Pelisson Marsileni , Costa Silvia Figueiredo , Hungria Mariangela , Kobayashi Renata , Vespero Eliana Carolina 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kpn) isolates is attracting significant attention in nosocomial infection settings. K. pneumoniae is the main pathogen that harbours blaKPC genes.
Methodology: This study evaluated 54 K. pneumoniae carbapenem-resistant isolates from patients hospitalized at the University Hospital of Londrina, between July 2009 and July 2010. The isolates were phenotypically screened for carbapenemase production and submitted for genotypic confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for KPC, metallo-β-lactamases, OXA-48, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. The absence of outer membrane proteins (OMP) was investigated by SDS-PAGE. The susceptibility profile was determined by broth microdilution, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol.
Results: All isolates were phenotypically positive for class A carbapenemase production, but negative for metallo-β-lactamase activity. PCR analysis demonstrated that all isolates carried blaKPC genes and sequencing showed that all strains belonged to KPC-2 subtype. Four strains did not show porin expression, and all isolates were resistant to ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem. Susceptibility rates reached 35.2% for gentamicin, 85.2% for polymixyn B, 87% for colistin, and 98.1% for both tigecycline and fosfomycin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed six clones, and three of them predominated among the isolates.
Conclusions: KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae is becoming predominant among carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates at the hospital. The association of the enzyme KPC with other resistance determinants, such as loss of porins, may increase the severity of the situation of nosocomial infections. There is an urgent need to develop strategies for infection control and prevention.