bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic plasticity in the number of leaf trichomes of Arabidopsis kamchatica subsp. kawasakiana under heavy metal stress
Authors: Yanagizaki Yoshiki , Harada Emiko , Numata Haruna , Yoshiyama Kohei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Trichomes, epidermal appendages found on plant surfaces, are known to accumulate zinc (Zn) and cadmium in heavy metal-tolerant plants. This study investigates whether excessive heavy metal stress induces an increase in the number of leaf trichomes in such plants. Utilizing the Zn hyperaccumulator plant Arabidopsis kamchatica subsp. kawasakiana, we conducted field surveys and cultivation experiments to test this hypothesis. The field survey revealed a positive effect of soil Zn levels on the number of trichomes per leaf. Consistently, results from the cultivation experiments demonstrated a significant effect in three out of four ecotypes studied. Our findings suggest that an excess supply of Zn stimulates the formation of leaf trichomes in A. k. subsp. kawasakiana, potentially aiding in physiological stress alleviation. Our results introduce a novel observation of a plastic response, wherein soil Zn levels influence the development of leaf trichomes. The adaptive significance and specific developmental mechanisms underlying this response await further elucidation.
Multi-source Domain Adaptation Approach to Classify Infrastructure Damage Tweets during Crisis
Authors: Priya Shalini , Bhanu Manish , Roy Saswata , Dandapat Sourav Kumar , Chandra Joydeep 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Instant crisis information on social media is the most searched essen-tials to provide relief and rescue operations to the victims at the early crisis hours. However, insufficient information on underway crisis incidents and rich data from past crisis events resort to domain adaptation (DA) techniques over any other approaches. Despite, the existing DA methods could not adequately engage the available past resources and hence lose vital information for the ongoing crisis incidents compromising the performance. Existing pitfalls of state-of-the-art models are: (1) models do not work on joint domain feature relation at elementary and instance level to exploit the complete information of each domain (2) moreover, these models could not efficiently harness the information, when there are diversified and varying number of source crisis incidents. Inspired by the ensemble setup in identifying the infrastructure damage, we introduce Ensemble model using the elementary feature (Parts-of-speech tagging) Attention and Hypersphere Separator Springer Nature 2021 L A T E X template Domain Adaptation Approach to Classify Infrastructure Damage (EnPHyS). It operates at joint feature levels where each level works with the abundant source and scarce target data to extract the best of the (1) shared and (2) invariant features for the objective task. Ensemble uses Multi-Task Learning (MTL) and an adversarial approach to enhance the information retrieval of target features. EnPHyS performance was investigated under single-source as well as multi-source domain adaptation scenarios with four publicly available datasets. The reported results on standard metric F-measure reveal the average growth of 17%, 22% and 38% respectively over the best performing baseline model.
Rinodina Moziana (Lichenized Ascomycetes Physciaceae), a New Record From Pakistan
Authors: wahab hira , uddin Siraj , Wahab Afshan , Khalid Abdul Nasir , Mayrhofer Helmut 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

During the field survey conducted in Malakand district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Rinodina species was discovered. The taxonomic and chemical characters along with an ITS-based phylogenetic analysis and notes on ecology and distribution considered it as Rinodina moziana (lichenized Ascomycota). A comprehensive study of the available literature corroborates this discovery, and marking it as the first documented occurrence of Rinodina moziana in Pakistan.
Monolithic poly(methylsilsesquioxane) aerogels with glasslike transparency: From sol-gel synthesis to ambient pressure drying
Authors: Miyamoto Riichi , Ueoka Ryota , Tachibana Koichiro , Maeno Ayaka , Kaji Hironori , Kanamori Kazuyoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Practical aspects of the successful preparation of monolithic poly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSQ) aerogels with glasslike transparency via ambient pressure drying (APD) are discussed in detail. Two-step acid-base process starting from methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) in the presence of nonionic poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant and the use of strong base as polycondensation catalyst resulted in fine mesoporous structure, showing low density (0.148 g cm−3) and glasslike transparency (95% at 10 mm thickness). Cracking and irreversible shrinkage during APD have been prevented by optimized aging and drying processes. In particular, aging in an aqueous alcohol solution containing a low concentration of MTMS under controlled temperature has been found to be crucial in obtaining PMSQ aerogels with crack-free, low-density, glasslike transparency, and monolithic nature. A large-area APD aerogel in 120×120×6 mm3, with thermal conductivity of 15.6 mW m−1 K−1, has successfully been obtained due to optimizations of aging and drying conditions. Similar APD aerogels have also been obtained when alkali metal hydroxides, especially lithium hydroxide, are employed as base catalysts. These findings are expected to play important roles in designing industrial productions of monolithic aerogels for thermal superinsulation and other applications.
Cell-free chromatin particles damage genomic DNA of healthy cells via an ROS-independent mechanism
Authors: Mittra Indraneel , Jain Karishma , GV Raghuram , Lopes Relestina , Khare Naveen Kumar , Shabrish Snehal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Several hundred billion cells die daily in the human body, releasing cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) in the process, which then enter the blood circulationand get taken up by healthy cells. We have previously reported that, these internalized cfChPs damage genomic DNA as well cause physical damage to mitochondria, resulting in increased mitochondrial ROS production. In the current study, we evaluated the potential damaging effects of the cfChP-induced increase in ROS production on genomic DNA. NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells were treated with cfChPs isolated from the sera of healthy individuals (H-cfChPs) or patients with cancer (C-cfChPs) in the presence or absence of the ROS scavenger Mito-TEMPO. The pre-incubation of cfChP-treated cells with Mito-TEMPO abolished ROS production, but did not prevent genomic DNA damage induced by H-cfChPs and C-cfChPs. Our results suggest that cfChP-induced genomic DNA damage occurs in an ROS-independent manner. These findings align with emerging evidence suggesting that mitochondrial ROS may not be a direct cause of genomic DNA damage and suggest that DNA damage attributed to ROS may in-fact be induced by cfChPs. This possibility opens up new therapeutic approaches involving deactivation of cfChPs to retard ageing and other degenerative conditions traditionally attributed to oxidative stress.
Potential drug targets for prostate cancer ： A mendelian randomization study and application for target-derived drug design
Authors: Cheng Long , Gan Shu , Huang Peijian , Zhang Qiaoxuan , Kang Shiyue , Han Liqiao , Zhang Pengwei , Zhan Min , Wu Xinzhong , Huang Xianzhang , Yan Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The advent of targeted cancer therapies has led to a decline in prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates. Nevertheless, challenges persist due to the long-term single-agent therapeutic insensitivity and resistance encountered in PCa treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel drug targets to address these challenges in PCa therapy.
Method
We analyzed 731 plasma proteins and PCa summary GWAS data from Prostate Cancer Association Group to investigate cancer associated genomic alterations (control: case = 61 106: 79 148). Cis-acting Mendelian randomization and Bayesian analysis was applied to reveal the causality between protein and PCa. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) was performed to discover the potential coactions between identified target proteins and established drug targets approved by FDA for the treatment of PCa. Furthermore, we utilized Alpha Fold 2 to predict the 3D complex structure between identified proteins and established drug targets. Finally, these findings were validated using data from UK Biobank and the European Bioinfomatics Institute, and six promising target proteins were categorized into three tiers.
Results
Six potential causal proteins including MSMB, IGF2R, KDELC2, TNFRSF10B, GSTP1, and SPINT2 were discovered through drug target Mendelian randomization analysis. Among them, MSMB (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.80–0.82; P = 2.52×10− 148), IGF2R (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.90–0.94; P = 4.57×10− 10), KDELC2 (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.86–0.93; P = 1.89×10− 8), TNFRSF10B (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.65–0.83; P = 2.41×10− 7), and GSTP1 (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75–0.90; P = 4.22×10− 5) were inversely associated with PCa risk, and upregulate level of SPINT2 (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.05; P = 1.49×10− 6) increased PCa risk. None of six proteins had reverse causality. MSMB and KDELC2 shared the same variant with PCa by co-localization analysis (PPH4 > 0.8). During external validation, five proteins were replicated in at least one dataset except IGF2R.
Conclusions
Our study has highlighted that a constellation of plasma proteins including MSMB, KDELC2, GSTP1, and TNFRSF10B have been identified as potential drug targets for PCa, which might provide valuable insights for the rational design of novel drugs in PCa therapy.
Privacy-by-design generation of two virtual clinical trials in multiple sclerosis and their release as open datasets
Authors: Demuth Stanislas , Rousseau Olivia , Faddeenkov Igor , Paris Julien , Sèze Jérôme , Biaciotti Béatrice , Payet Marianne , Guillaudeux Morgan , Barreteau Alban-Félix , Laplaud David , Edan Gilles , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Sharing information provided by individual patient data is restricted by regulatory frameworks due to privacy concerns. Generative artificial intelligence could generate shareable virtual patient populations, as proxies of sensitive reference datasets. Explicit demonstration of privacy is demanded. Here, we determined whether a privacy-by-design technique called “avatars” can generate synthetic randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We generated 2160 synthetic datasets from two RCTs in multiple sclerosis (NCT00213135 and NCT00906399) with different configurations to select one synthetic dataset with optimal privacy and utility for each. Several privacy metrics were computed, including protection against distance-based membership inference attacks. We assessed utility by comparing variable distributions and checking that all of the endpoints reported in the publications had the same effect directions, were within the reported 95% confidence intervals, and had the same statistical significance. Protection against membership inference attacks was the hardest privacy metric to optimize, but the technique yielded robust privacy and replication of the primary endpoints. With optimized generation configurations, we could select one dataset from each RCT replicating all efficacy endpoints of the placebo and commercial treatment arms with a satisfying privacy. To show the potential to unlock health data sharing, we released both placebo arms as open datasets.
Cross Beam Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy: A novel technique for optimization of power broadening
Authors: Utreja Shubham , Roy Pallab , Rathore Harish , Choudhury Sourin , Das Manoj , Panja Subhasis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy (SAS) is a technique commonly used for recording Doppler broadening free absorption spectra of atomic vapours and also to estimate the natural linewidth of the atomic transitions. However, in conventional SAS two counter-propagating laser beams are used as pump and probe and the linewidths of the absorption spectra show strong dependences with the power of the laser beams following the saturation theory. The present work demonstrates a unique technique of Cross-Beam spectroscopy for recording saturated absorption spectra near their natural linewidth by deploying pump and probe beams in orthogonal orientation instead of their collinear position. In the case of orthogonal orientation, the recorded absorption linewidth hardly varies with the power variation of the laser beam and does not follow the Saturation theory. Following the above technique, transition frequencies for different isotopes of ytterbium (Yb) have been measured, and the transition frequency for the most abundant isotopes, i.e., Yb174, estimated to be 751526556.04(60) MHz with natural linewidth of 32.0(8) MHz.
Optimal First-Order Methods for Nonconvex Optimization Using the Stochastic Path-Integrated Differential Estimator
Authors: Li Chris Junchi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we tackle the optimization of nonconvex functions prevalent in large-scale statistical learning tasks. We introduce the Stochastic Path-Integrated Differential EstimatoR (SPIDER), a novel method for efficiently tracking deterministic quantities with significantly lower sampling costs. Utilizing SPIDER, we develop the SPIDER-SFO algorithm, which enhances Normalized Gradient Descent (NGD) and achieves faster convergence rates for nonconvex optimization problems in both finite-sum and online cases. Our rigorous analysis shows that SPIDER-SFO achieves a gradient computational cost of $\mathcal{O}\left(\epsilon^{-3} \wedge\left(n+n^{1 / 2} \epsilon^{-2}\right)\right)$ for finding an $\epsilon$-approximate first-order stationary point. Additionally, we extend our method to find approximate second-order stationary points with the SPIDER-SFO ${ }^{+}$algorithm, which combines SPIDER-SFO with efficient Negative-CurvatureSearch techniques. This algorithm attains an $(\epsilon, \delta)$-approximate second-order stationary point at the gradient cost $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}\left(\left(\epsilon^{-3}+\delta^{-2} \epsilon^{-2}+\delta^{-5}\right) \wedge\left(n^{1 / 2} \epsilon^{-2}+n^{1 / 2} \delta^{-2} \epsilon^{-1}+\delta^{-3} \epsilon^{-1}+\delta^{-5}+n\right)\right)$. We demonstrate that our algorithms achieve the best-known optimal convergence guarantees and optimality across a wide range of $\epsilon$ and $\delta$ values, providing superior performance under specific smoothness and Hessian-Lipschitz conditions. This work sets a new benchmark in nonconvex optimization, offering robust and scalable solutions for complex stochastic optimization tasks.
Unlocking Future Research Strategies: Key Collaborations and Network Characteristics in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy (2000-2023)
Authors: Ogasawara Naruaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim
To analyze the collaboration patterns among researchers in Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) eradication therapy from 2000 to 2023, identifying key contributors and evaluating the structural characteristics of the co-authorship network.
Method
This study utilized data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, analyzing 13,432 articles on Helicobacter pylori eradication published between 2000 and 2023. The co-authorship network was examined using macro-level indicators such as network density, clustering coefficient, number of components, and average path length, along with micro-level indicators including degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3).
Result
The co-authorship network demonstrated an evolving structure over the analyzed period, with increasing network density and clustering coefficients, suggesting enhanced collaboration among researchers. Key contributors such as Asaka M., Graham DY, and Mégraud F. consistently emerged as central figures, facilitating collaboration within the network. Despite these improvements, the network remained fragmented with several isolated components, indicating persistent gaps in global connectivity.
Conclusion
The study highlights the evolving collaborative landscape in H. pylori eradication research over the past two decades, emphasizing the importance of key researchers in driving scientific collaboration. Despite modest improvements in network connectivity, ongoing efforts to foster collaboration are essential to address challenges such as antibiotic resistance and enhance the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication therapies.
Prevalence and factors associated with Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among adolescents and women aged 10-49 years in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Okemwa Sharonmercy , Nyakundi Caleb , Ngesa Romeo Warera , Kibe Peter , Akoth Catherine , Wambiya Elvis , Ng’ang’a Loise , Oguta James Odhiambo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) are major sources of free sugars in diet. Their intake is associated with obesity, chronic diseases, and increased risk of premature deaths. Studies indicate SSB consumption impacts females more than males but limited evidence exists on SSB intake among women especially in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of SSB consumption among women aged 10–49 years in Kenya using secondary data from the first and second rounds of Kenya's Performance Monitoring for Accountability (PMA) nutrition surveys. Analysis was stratified by residence (rural vs. urban) and univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of SSB consumption. The prevalence was 52.4% (95% CI: 47.9, 56.8) increasing from 48.3% in 2018 to 63.6% in 2019. Prevalence was slightly higher in urban than rural areas (53.2% vs. 51.7%), those aged 20–29 years (54.1%), in union (52.9%), tertiary level of education (59.1%), richest (52.4%), and the employed (57.0%). Urban women had 1.29-fold higher odds compared to rural women. Education level was significantly associated with SSB consumption, with higher education linked to increased odds of consumption. The findings of this study highlight the need for development of policies that seek to reduce SSB consumption with the adoption of interventions that target urban residents, the educated, the rich, and overweight.
Is The transition to digital era here? --- A cross sectional study amongst Dental Practitioners vis-à-vis the usage of digital imaging in Bhopal
Authors: Sathe Dr.Rashmi 
Published: September 2024

Background: Scientific evidence supports the idea that transitioning from conventional to digital radiography is now essential since it reduces exposure to ionizing radiation. The primary aim of this study was to assess the attitude, awareness and knowledge of dental practitioners of Bhopal, to the use of digital radiography. The objectives were identifying reasons for incorporating digital imaging, and the attitude towards wanting to make a transition from conventional method. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst the private dental practitioners in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. A structured questionnaire was shared using Google platform. Results: Out of the 350 respondents, 279 (79.71%) reported using digital radiography, with 32.85% believing that the benefits of digital radiography were the decreased patient exposure, improved image, long-term cost savings, and improved image quality in particular to see the root canals and measure bone loss. Conclusion: A majority of respondents were positively influenced by the usage of digital imaging in their routine practice.
Keywords: Digital imaging, dental practitioner, dosage, radiography.
Background: Scientific evidence supports the idea that transitioning from conventional to digital radiography is now essential since it reduces exposure to ionizing radiation. The primary aim of this study was to assess the attitude, awareness and knowledge of dental practitioners of Bhopal, to the use of digital radiography. The objectives were identifying reasons for incorporating digital imaging, and the attitude towards wanting to make a transition from conventional method. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst the private dental practitioners in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. A structured questionnaire was shared using Google platform. Results: Out of the 350 respondents, 279 (79.71%) reported using digital radiography, with 32.85% believing that the benefits of digital radiography were the decreased patient exposure, improved image, long-term cost savings, and improved image quality in particular to see the root canals and measure bone loss. Conclusion: A majority of respondents were positively influenced by the usage of digital imaging in their routine practice.
Keywords: Digital imaging, dental practitioner, dosage, radiography.
Quantitative evaluation of the evolution of the ecohydrological regime and its drivers in the Han River Basin
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Ye Handong , Yuan Weiqi , Cheng Siyuan , Bai Xiangyu , Lan Jiaqi , Ma Yajuan , Wang Gaozhen , Guo Wenxian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The hydrological regime of the Han River Basin has changed significantly under the double pressure of climate change and human activities, and the ecosystem's health is facing severe challenges. In this study, the ecohydrological regime of the basin was comprehensively assessed through various statistical methods and ecohydrological indicators. The results showed that the runoff volume of the Han River Basin decreased significantly, with an abrupt change in 1990, and the overall hydrological variability of the basin reached 42%. The ecological surplus decreased, the ecological deficit increased, and the ecological flow was strained for a long time. The optimal ecological flow thresholds for annual, spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 89, 97, 85, 83, and 98%, respectively. Quantitative separation of the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff reduction based on Budyko's hypothesis revealed that human activities were the main factor with a contribution of 59.73%, while precipitation and potential evapotranspiration contributed 31.08 and 9.19%, respectively. The study results can provide a scientific basis for water resource management and ecosystem restoration in the Han River Basin.