bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeographic analyses and genetic structure illustrate the complex evolutionary history of Phragmites australis in Mexico
Authors: Colin Ricardo , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Genetic data suggest that three lineages of Phragmites australis are found in North America: the Native North American lineage, the Gulf Coast lineage, and the Invasive lineage. In Mexico, P. australis is a common species, but nothing is known about the distribution or ecology of these lineages. We examined the phylogeography of P. australis to analyze the current geographic distribution of genetic variation, demographic history, and dispersal patterns to better understand its evolutionary history in Mexico.METHODS:We sampled 427 individuals from 28 populations. We used two noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA to estimate the levels of genetic variation and identified the genetic groups across the species' geographical range in Mexico. We compared the genealogical relationships among haplotypes with those previously reported. A hypothesis of demographic expansion was also tested for the Mexican P. australis lineages.KEY RESULTS:We found 13 new haplotypes native to Mexico that might be undergoing an active process of expansion and diversification. Genealogical analyses provided evidence that two independent lineages of P. australis are present in Mexico. The invasive lineage was not detected with our sampling. Our estimates of population expansions in Mexico ranged from 0.202 to 0.726 mya.CONCLUSIONS:Phragmites australis is a native species that has been in Mexico for thousands of years. Genetic data suggest that climatic changes during the Pleistocene played an important role in the demographic expansion of the populations that constitute the different genetic groups of P. australis in Mexico.
Stability and Compatibility of Antibiotics in Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions Applied to Automated Peritoneal Dialysis in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Deslandes Guillaume , Grégoire Matthieu , Bouquié Régis , Le Marec Aude , Allard Sophie , Dailly Eric , Pineau Alain , Allain-Launay Emma , Jolliet Pascale , Roussey Gwenaëlle , Navas Dominique 
Published: May 2016

Objectives Assess the stability of several antibiotics in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions under common conditions of use in pediatrics, particularly in automated PD. Methods Amoxicillin, cefazolin, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, cotrimoxazole, tobramycin, vancomycin, and the association of ceftazidime + vancomycin and ceftazidime + tobramycin, were tested in 3 different PD solutions: bicarbonate/lactate solution with 2 glucose concentrations (Physioneal 1.36 and 3.86%; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) and an icodextrin-containing solution (Extraneal; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA). Concentrations were those recommended in guidelines for the treatment of peritonitis in pediatrics. Physioneal bags were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, whereas Extraneal bags were stored 12 hours at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) and then 12 hours at 37°C. Drug concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each measure was taken in triplicate. Stability of antibiotics was defined as less than 10% degradation of the drug over time. Results Cefazolin, cotrimoxazole, tobramycin, and vancomycin were stable under studied conditions. Ceftazidime was stable 24 hours in icodextrin, 12 hours in Physioneal 1.36% and 6 hours in Physioneal 3.86%. The association of tobramycin or vancomycin did not influence the stability of ceftazidime. Cefepime and amoxicillin were stable 6 h, 4 h, and 8 h in Physioneal 1.36%, 3.86% and Extraneal, respectively. The stability of imipenem was very low: 2 h in Physioneal and 6 h in Extraneal. Moreover, an increasingly yellow coloration was observed with the use of imipenem, whereas no color change or precipitation occurred in other bags. Conclusion Cefazolin, tobramycin, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin are stable in PD solutions up to 24 hours and can be administered in the PD bag for the treatment of peritonitis, even in automated PD under studied conditions. However, amoxicillin, cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem must be used with caution due to their lack of stability.
NUSTAR AND XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS OF 1E1743.1-2843: INDICATIONS OF A NEUTRON STAR LMXB NATURE OF THE COMPACT OBJECT
Authors: Lotti Simone , Natalucci Lorenzo , Mori Kaya , Baganoff Frederick K. , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Hailey Charles J. , Harrison Fiona A. , Hong Jaesub , Krivonos Roman A. , Rahoui Farid , Stern Daniel , Tomsick John A. , Zhang Shuo , Zhang William W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on the results of NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the persistent X-ray source 1E1743.1-2843, located in the Galactic Center region. The source was observed between 2012 September and October by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton, providing almost simultaneous observations in the hard and soft X-ray bands. The high X-ray luminosity points to the presence of an accreting compact object. We analyze the possibilities of this accreting compact object being either a neutron star (NS) or a black hole, and conclude that the joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR spectrum from 0.3 to 40 keV fits a blackbody spectrum with

emitted from a hot spot or an equatorial strip on an NS surface. This spectrum is thermally Comptonized by electrons with

. Accepting this NS hypothesis, we probe the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) or high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) nature of the source. While the lack of Type-I bursts can be explained in the LMXB scenario, the absence of pulsations in the 2 mHz–49 Hz frequency range, the lack of eclipses and of an IR companion, and the lack of a

line from neutral or moderately ionized iron strongly disfavor interpreting this source as a HMXB. We therefore conclude that 1E1743.1-2843 is most likely an NS-LMXB located beyond the Galactic Center. There is weak statistical evidence for a soft X-ray excess which may indicate thermal emission from an accretion disk. However, the disk normalization remains unconstrained due to the high hydrogen column density (

).
MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC-RAY PROTON AND HELIUM SPECTRA FROM THE BESS-POLAR LONG-DURATION BALLOON FLIGHTS OVER ANTARCTICA
Authors: Abe K. , Fuke H. , Haino S. , Hams T. , Hasegawa M. , Horikoshi A. , Itazaki A. , Kim K. C. , Kumazawa T. , Kusumoto A. , Lee M. H. , Makida Y. , Matsuda S. , Matsukawa Y. , Matsumoto K. , Mitchell J. W. , Myers Z. , Nishimura J. , Nozaki M. , Orito R. , Ormes J. F. , Picot-Clemente N. , Sakai K. , Sasaki M. , Seo E. S. , Shikaze Y. , Shinoda R. , Streitmatter R. E. , Suzuki J. , Takasugi Y. , Takeuchi K. , Tanaka K. , Thakur N. , Yamagami T. , Yamamoto A. , Yoshida T. , Yoshimura K. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The BESS-Polar Collaboration measured the energy spectra of cosmic-ray protons and helium during two long-duration balloon flights over Antarctica in 2004 December and 2007 December at substantially different levels of solar modulation. Proton and helium spectra probe the origin and propagation history of cosmic rays in the galaxy, and are essential to calculations of the expected spectra of cosmic-ray antiprotons, positrons, and electrons from interactions of primary cosmic-ray nuclei with the interstellar gas, and to calculations of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We report absolute spectra at the top of the atmosphere for cosmic-ray protons in the kinetic energy range 0.2–160 GeV and helium nuclei in the range 0.15–80 GeV/nucleon. The corresponding magnetic-rigidity ranges are 0.6–160 GV for protons and 1.1–160 GV for helium. These spectra are compared to measurements from previous BESS flights and from ATIC-2, PAMELA, and AMS-02. We also report the ratio of the proton and helium fluxes from 1.1 to 160 GV and compare this to the ratios from PAMELA and AMS-02.
« Ils sont les artistes du spectacle sportif. » Quand la rémunération des footballeurs professionnels français se constitue en enjeu fiscal (années 1970-1980)
Authors: Schotté Manuel 
Published: May 2016

En 1983, l’ensemble des représentants du football professionnel français soutient les joueurs qui réclament les mêmes abattements fiscaux que les artistes de scène au motif qu’ils sont, comme eux, des professionnels du spectacle. L’étude de cette revendication fiscale s’avère riche d’enseignements pour qui s’intéresse à la question du statut des sportifs. Elle permet de mettre au jour la diversité des acteurs impliqués dans la définition du cadre légal structurant leur travail : loin d’être cantonnée aux seules instances sportives, la question du statut des joueurs engage différents services de l’État, notamment ceux des ministères de la Jeunesse et des Sports, du Budget, et des Affaires sociales. La discussion met en lumière les frontières dressées entre les différents professionnels de l’excellence corporelle. Alors qu’artistes de scène et footballeurs sont des producteurs de spectacle, les seconds se voient refuser la faveur fiscale accordée aux premiers. Cela traduit la prégnance de cadres de perception différenciés et met plus particulièrement en évidence la contribution de l’État à la fabrique des différences entre les groupes sociaux. Les pouvoirs publics entérinent ainsi la force d’un arbitraire culturel qui conduit à valoriser de façon sélective certaines formes culturelles et certains producteurs culturels.
A PRODUÇÃO AGROECOLÓGICA DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO GRANDE/RS
Authors: De Moura José Francisco Santos , Mantelli Jussara 
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo pretende demonstrar como as práticas agroecologicas têm contribuído para que os produtores do município do Rio Grande-RS permaneçam cultivando a terra e produzindo gêneros alimentícios, sem agredir o meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa é resultado de dissertação de mestrado realizada e defendida na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande no ano de 2011. Constatamos que, dentro da realidade do município, a agroecologia tem contribuído tanto na oferta de alimentos de qualidade, como no debate sobre a preservação ambiental. Do mesmo modo, a pesquisa procurou compreender os processos, a finalidade e as tendências da produção agroecológica no município. Para isso foi importante compreender a organização produtiva, as formas associativas do produtor e suas relações com as políticas públicas. Para contribuir com estas considerações, buscou-se revisar alguns estudos que enfatizam a produção de base agroecológica como alternativa às técnicas propagadas pela revolução verde. Procuramos, ainda, evidenciar algumas iniciativas que visam reduzir a dependência de insumos externos e, por consequência, maior independência do produtor ante as oscilações de mercado. É importante salientar que além do levantamento bibliográfico e conceitual, foram consideradas para efeito de análise do tema, as entrevistas e as idéias apresentadas pelos agricultores entrevistados, eleitos para compor os sujeitos desta pesquisa.
Regulation of Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity by MicroRNAs miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-217
Authors: Hillman Yaron , Mazkereth Niv , Farberov Luba , Shomron Noam , Fishelson Zvi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) known to regulate numerous biologic processes on complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was investigated in K562 cells. The C5b-9 complex is the executioner of CDC. Cells protect themselves from CDC by C5b-9 elimination, a process involving the mitochondrial chaperone mortalin/GRP75. Potential miR-200 (b and c) and miR-217 regulatory sites were identified in mortalin mRNA. Overexpression of miR-200b/c or miR-217 lowered the expression of mortalin mRNA. miRNA inhibitors for miR-200b, miR-200c, or miR-217 enhanced mortalin mRNA level. Unexpectedly, these miRNA modulators had no significant effect on mortalin protein level. Metabolic labeling analysis demonstrated that, to compensate for reduction in mortalin mRNA level, the cells increased the rate of synthesis of mortalin protein. Cells overexpressing miR-200b/c or miR-217 showed reduced sensitivity to CDC, whereas inhibition of miR-200c and miR-217 enhanced cell death. miR-200b/c overexpression reduced C5b-9 binding and enhanced its release from the cells and promoted mortalin relocation to the plasma membrane. Inhibition of miR-200 (b and c) and miR-217 had no effect on the expression level of the membrane complement-regulatory proteins CD46, CD55, and CD59. However, overexpression of miR-200b/c or miR-217 enhanced expression of CD46 and CD55 (not of CD59). Overall, the data demonstrate miRNA regulation of cell sensitivity to CDC. We identified miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-217 as regulators of mortalin and, perhaps indirectly, of CD46 and CD55. Cell exposure to a sublytic dose of complement was shown to increase expression of miR-200 (b and c), suggesting that complement C5b-9 exerts a feedback-regulatory effect on these miRNAs.
LSm14A Plays a Critical Role in Antiviral Immune Responses by Regulating MITA Level in a Cell-Specific Manner
Authors: Liu Tian-Tian , Yang Qing , Li Mi , Zhong Bo , Ran Yong , Liu Li-Li , Yang Yan , Wang Yan-Yi , Shu Hong-Bing 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Viral infection triggers induction of antiviral cytokines and effectors, which are critical mediators of innate antiviral immune response. It has been shown that the processing body–associated protein LSm14A is involved in the induction of antiviral cytokines in cell lines but in vivo evidence is lacking. By generating LSm14A-deficient mice, in this study, we show that LSm14A plays a critical and specific role in the induction of antiviral cytokines in dendritic cells (DCs) but not in macrophages and fibroblasts. Induction of antiviral cytokines triggered by the DNA viruses HSV-1 and murid herpesvirus 68 and the RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus but not Sendai virus was impaired in Lsm14a−/− DCs, which is correlated to the functions of the adaptor protein MITA/STING in the antiviral signaling pathways. LSm14A deficiency specifically downregulated MITA/STING level in DCs by impairing its nuclear mRNA precursor processing and subsequently impaired antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses. Our findings reveal a nuclear mRNA precursor processing and cell-specific regulatory mechanism of antiviral immune responses.
Improving Residents' Safe Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Pain Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination
Authors: Alford Daniel P. , Carney Brittany L. , Brett Belle , Parish Sharon J. , Jackson Angela H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Internal medicine residents care for a sizable number of patients with chronic pain. Programs need educational strategies to promote safe opioid prescribing.Background

To describe a safe opioid prescribing education program utilizing an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and report the resulting impact on residents' knowledge, confidence, and self-reported practices.Objective

Using a quasi-experimental design, 39 internal medicine residents from an urban academic medical center were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: 1-hour lecture only, lecture followed by immediate OSCE, lecture followed by 4-month delayed OSCE, and control. Safe opioid prescribing knowledge, confidence, and self-reported practices were assessed at baseline and at 8 months.Methods

At 8 months, knowledge, confidence, and self-reported practices improved in the control and in all 3 intervention groups. The immediate OSCE group had the greatest improvements in combined confidence scores within group (0.74, P = .01) compared to controls (0.52, P = .05), using a 5-point scale. This group also had the greatest improvement in self-reported practice changes (1.04, P = .04), while other groups showed nonsignificant improvements—delayed OSCE (0.43, P = .44), lecture only (0.66, P = .24), and control (0.43, P = .19).Results

Safe opioid prescribing education that includes a lecture immediately followed by an OSCE had an impact on residents' confidence and self-reported practices greater than those for delayed OSCE or lecture only groups. There was no difference in knowledge improvement among the groups. Lecture followed by an OSCE was highly regarded by residents, but required additional resources.Conclusions
Optimizing Fetal Heart Screening at the Anatomy Ultrasound
Authors: Towner Dena 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTCongenital cardiac abnormalities are one of the most common birth defects at 1 in 120 births. The majority of which have no underlying risk factors. The fetal heart assessment is felt to be the most challenging part of the anatomy examination and most studies report that nearly half of major heart defects are missed, thus, confirming the challenge for antenatal detection rate. This article reviews the key views and key items to assess in fetal heart imaging during the anatomy ultrasound.How to cite this articleTowner D. Optimizing Fetal Heart Screening at the Anatomy Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(1):50-54.
Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy
Authors: Sara Harris , Elizabeth Ausbeck , William Goh 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
With the increased use of ultrasound in the first trimester, up to 4.5% of all pregnancies are diagnosed with an adnexal mass. The management of asymptomatic adnexal masses in pregnancy continues to be controversial. Potential complications include torsion and malignancy. This review will highlight the utility of ultrasound in generating a differential diagnosis for an adnexal mass based on their ultrasound characteristics. It will also review management options for the asymptomatic patient including expectant management and laparoscopic removal.

How to cite this article
Harris S, Ausbeck E, Goh W. Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(1):78-82.
Is Resection a Panacea for managing Furcation Predicament? A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Madaan Vishwas , Gupta Himani , Padhye Ashvini M , Chaudhari Yashashri Sunil 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe presence of attachment loss in the furcation is one of the most serious anatomical sequels of periodontitis. Furcations are not accessible for professional debridement, as their entrance is small compared with the size of periodontal instruments, and they present with ridges, convexities, and concavities that make it difficult for clinicians to debride effectively. Advances in dentistry have provided the opportunity for clinicians to provide patients with the option of retaining their teeth in the long-term. Such teeth can be useful as independent units of mastication or as abutments in simple fixed bridges. This article presents two cases of advanced furcation defects, which were treated by two different resective periodontal therapeutic modalities.How to cite this articleChaudhari YS, Madaan V, Gupta H, Padhye AM. Is Resection a Panacea for managing Furcation Predicament? A Report of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent 2016; 6(1):38-44.
Interdisciplinary for Social Engagement: Art and Design Experimental Study
Authors: Wells Hope Angelique , Fartushenko Lyubava , Chamberlain Andrew 
Published: May 2016

Num mundo em contínuas transformações e com uma população acima dos sete bilhões, igualdade social e sustentabilidade ambiental requer inovações e soluções inclusivas. Hoje, práticas interdisciplinares no campo da arte e do design têm capacidade de sensibilização social e engajamento em questões relacionadas com a saúde. Arte e design combinam métodos artísticos tradicionais com tecnologia e sistemas interativos com vistas a comunicar pesquisas científicas cujos objetivos sejam a resolução de problemas. Processos interdisciplinares de criação abrem portas a uma variedade de esforços colaborativos na busca de soluções proativas para questões ambientais e sociais.Palavras-chave: consciência social, arte e design, pesquisa interdisciplinar
Radicalidad democrática y nuevos movimientos populares: las luchas por otras democracias
Authors: Aguiló Bonet Antoni Jesús 
Published: May 2016

El objetivo principal de este artículo es explorar el nuevo sentido común democrático forjado por los movimientos contemporáneos por la democracia real en el contexto de la crisis de la democracia representativa liberal y de las luchas contra la crisis económica mundial y sus efectos. Los movimientos por la democracia real son portadores de lenguajes y prácticas democráticas que desafían las formas tradicionales de concebir y hacer política e introducen formas renovadas de participación, acción y movilización colectiva que pueden contribuir a la creación de sentidos comunes políticos en un horizonte de democracia radical, experimentalismo y demodiversidad.
Association between food insecurity and anemia among women of reproductive age
Authors: Ghose Bishwajit , Tang Shangfeng , Yaya Sanni , Feng Zhanchun 
Published: May 2016

Background:Food insecurity and hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiency) affect about two billion people globally. Household food insecurity (HFI) has been shown to be associated with one or multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies among women and children. Chronic food insecurity leads to various deficiency disorders, among which anemia stands out as the most prevalent one. As a high malnutrition prevalent country, Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of anemia among all Asian countries. In this study, we wanted to investigate for any association exists between HFI and anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.Methodology:Information about demographics, socioeconomic and anemia status on 5,666 married women ageing between 13 and 40 years were collected from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2011). Food security was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Capillary hemoglobin concentration (Hb) measured by HemoCue® was used as the biomarker of anemia. Data were analysed using cross-tabulation, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression methods.Results:Anemia prevalence was 41.7%. Logistic regression showed statistically significant association with anemia and type of residency (p = 0.459; OR = 0.953, 95%CI = 0.840–1.082), wealth status (Poorest: p < 0.001; OR = 1.369, 95%CI = 1.176–1.594; and average: p = 0.030; 95%CI = 1.017–1.398), educational attainment (p < 0.001; OR = 1.276, 95%CI = 1.132–1.439) and household food insecurity (p < 0.001; 95%CI = 1.348–1.830). Women who reported food insecurity were about 1.6 times more likely to suffer from anemia compared to their food secure counterparts.Conclusion:HFI is a significant predictor of anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Programs targeting HFI could prove beneficial for anemia reduction strategies. Gender aspects of food and nutrition insecurity should be taken into consideration in designing national anemia prevention frameworks.