bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation study of high‐reverse blocking AlGaN/GaN power rectifier with an integrated lateral composite buffer diode
Authors: Wang Zeheng , Wang Fangzhou , Guo Songnan , Wang Zirui 
Published: April 2017

In this study, a novel AlGaN/GaN power rectifier with an integrated lateral composite buffer diode (IBD‐Rectifier) for reverse blocking capability improvement is proposed and investigated by Sentaurus simulations (this paper includes only simulated data and no real experimental result). AlGaN buffer layer under the anode is adopted to realise great high reverse blocking capability. A minimum turn‐on voltage of 0.6 V and a maximum breakdown voltage (BV) >1.3 kV are simultaneously obtained in the IBD‐Rectifier, resulting in a high Baliga's figure of merits BV 2/Ron,sp (Ron,sp is specific‐on resistance) of ∼3000 MW/cm2. In comparison with MIS‐gated hybrid anode diode and conventional schottky barrier diode, the IBD‐Rectifier delivers an excellent theoretical method to achieve superior performances in high‐efficiency GaN power applications.
Klinische und pathologische Prognosefaktoren für das Langzeitüberleben von Patienten mit pT1 Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Breyer Johannes , Otto Wolfgang , Lausenmeyer Eva , Denzinger Stefan , Schwientek Ann-Kathrin , Ochs Ludwig , Mayr Roman , Gierth Michael , Bründl Johannes , Burger Maximilian , Evert Matthias , Fritsche Hans-Martin , Eichelberg Christian 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist eine steigende Inzidenz des Nierenzellkarzinoms zu beobachten. Bedingt durch die verbesserten bildgebenden Verfahren und deren häufigeren Einsatz kommt es gleichzeitig zu einer vermehrten Diagnose kleiner Tumoren im Stadium pT1. Es ist jedoch bekannt, dass auch kleine Nierentumore spät rezidivieren und metastasieren können. Die Fragestellung der vorliegenden Studie ist es, unkompliziert zu erhebende klinische und histopathologische Faktoren für die Prognoseeinschätzung kleiner Nierentumore zu identifizieren.
Patienten/Methoden Es erfolgte die retrospektive Analyse aller Patienten, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1993 – 2007 an einem Einzelzentrum aufgrund eines pT1-Nierenzellkarzinoms operiert wurden. Klinische und histopathologische Parameter wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf das Rezidiv-freie Überleben (RFS), Karzinom-spezifische Überleben (CSS) und das Gesamtüberleben (OS) mittels Kaplan-Meier-Analyse, univariater und multivariater Cox-Regressionsanalyse untersucht.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten die Daten von 571 Patienten erhoben werden. Das mediane Follow-up betrug 111 Monate. Die Rezidivrate betrug 7,2 %, 15 % der Rezidive traten nach über 10 Jahren auf. Bezogen auf das RFS zeigten sich höheres Grading (p = 0,031) und Stadium pT1b (p < 0,001) in der univariaten Analyse mit einem signifikant schlechteren RFS verbunden. Stadium pT1b (p = 0,001) und Grading G2 /3 (p = 0,019) waren ebenso beide mit einem statistisch signifikant schlechteren CSS verbunden. Bezüglich des OS war das Stadium nicht mehr signifikant, dafür zeigten die komplette statt partielle Nephrektomie (p = 0,024) sowie eine Diabeteserkrankung (p < 0,001) einen negativen Einfluss.In der multivariaten Analyse zeigte sich das Stadium pT1b als einziger prädiktiver Faktor für ein schlechteres RFS (p = 0,001) und CSS (p = 0,009). Hinsichtlich des Gesamtüberlebens waren Multifokalität (p = 0,041) und das Vorhandensein eines Diabetes mellitus (p < 0,001) unabhängige negativ prädiktive Faktoren.
Schlussfolgerung Die beschriebenen prognostischen Parameter können helfen, die Nachsorge von Patienten mit kleinen Nierentumoren risikoadaptiert anzupassen.
Impact of Fishing Exploitation and Climate Change on the Grey Mullet Mugil cephalus Stock in the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Lan Kuo-Wei , Zhang Chang Ik , Kang Hee Joong , Wu Long-Jing , Lian Li-Jhih 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study estimated the impact of fishing exploitation and climate change on the stock of Grey Mullet (known as Striped Mullet in North America) Mugil cephalus in the Taiwan Strait. Cohort analysis was employed to estimate the population abundance and instantaneous rate of fishing mortality by age of Grey Mullet in the Taiwan Strait. The instantaneous rate of natural mortality (M) was varied to 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 times the estimated M to conduct a sensitivity analysis of varying M on correlation coefficients on other factors. Since 1986, the annual catches have sharply dropped and remained at a very low level despite high fishing intensity, indicating that overfishing has occurred since the 1980s. The population of the age-group 4 years and older has decreased since 1986, reaching 20,000 individuals in 2004, which is only 1% of what the population was in 1981. The overexploitation of Grey Mullet reduced its biomass, and environmental changes during the past two decades are likely to have driven the stock to consecutive years of poor recruitment, causing its current low level in the Taiwan Strait. We also observed that the recruitment population of Grey Mullet was influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, with the lag in its influence changing from 2–3 years from the time period of 1958–1985 to 0–2 years after 1986. In addition, sea surface temperature anomalies have shown a significant time lag of a 0–2-year effect since 1986. Overexploitation of the Grey Mullet population after the 1980s suggested an increased sensitivity to short-term environmental changes.
Sparse matrices: storage schemes and simple operations
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe consider how best to store sparse vectors, to add a multiple of one to another and to form inner products. We also discuss using a full array even when the vector is sparse. We compare the different ways that sparse matrices can be held and discuss the use of linked lists. Sorting may be needed before or during a sparse matrix computation, so we discuss two sorting methods that we have found particularly useful: the counting sort and the heap sort. We consider grouping variables into supervariables and we discuss matrix-vector and matrix-matrix products.
Gaussian elimination for dense matrices: the algebraic problem
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe review the fundamental operations in the direct solution of linear equations without concern for rounding error caused by computer arithmetic. We consider the relationship between Gaussian elimination and LU factorization. We compare the use of different computational sequences including left-looking and right-looking. We show that advantage can be taken of symmetry and we consider the use of blocking. Our choice of material is based on what will be useful in the sparse case.
Intracranial Connections of the Vertebral Venous Plexus: Anatomical Study with Application to Neurosurgical and Endovascular Procedures at the Craniocervical Junction
Authors: Tubbs R Shane , Demerdash Amin , Loukas Marios , Curé Joel , Oskouian Rod J , Ansari Shaheryar , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Descriptions of intracranial extensions of vertebral venous plexuses are lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To identify vertebral venous plexuses at the craniocervical junction in cadavers and describe them.

METHODS
The authors dissected 15 ink-injected, formalin-fixed, adult cadaveric heads and measured cranial extensions of the spinal venous plexuses.

RESULTS
All specimens had vertebral venous plexuses at the craniocervical junction composed of multiple interwoven vessels concentrated anteriorly (anterior vertebral plexuses), posteriorly (posterior vertebral venous plexuses), and laterally (lateral vertebral venous plexuses). Veins making up the plexus tended to be largest for the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus. On 33%, a previously unnamed lateral internal vertebral venous plexus was identified that connected to the lateral marginal sinus. The anterior external vertebral venous plexus connected to the basilar venous plexus via transclival emissary veins in 13%; remaining veins connected either intracranially via small perforating branches through the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (33%) or had no direct gross connections inside the cranium (53%). The anterior internal vertebral plexus, which traveled between layers of the posterior longitudinal ligament, connected to the anterior half of the marginal sinus in 33% and anterolateral parts of the marginal sinus in 20%. The posterior internal venous plexus connected to the posterior aspect of the marginal sinus on 80% and into the occipital sinus in 13.3%. The posterior external venous plexus connected to veins of the hypoglossal canal in 20% and into the posterior aspect of the marginal sinus in 13.3%.

CONCLUSION
Knowledge of these connections is useful to neurosurgeons and interventional radiologists.
The Utility of High-Fidelity Simulation for Training Critical Care Fellows in the Management of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Emergencies: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zakhary Bishoy M. , Kam Lily M. , Kaufman Brian S. , Felner Kevin J. 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation volume has increased, proficiency in the technology requires extensive training. We compared traditional water-drill–based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation training with simulation-based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation training with the hypothesis that simulation-based training is superior.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Academic medical center.

Subjects:
Pulmonary/critical care fellows.

Interventions:
Participants had a preintervention simulated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation emergency (Sim1—recirculation) then randomized into simulation and traditional groups. Each group participated in three teaching scenarios, via high-fidelity simulation or via water-drills. After 6 weeks and after 1 year, participants returned for two simulated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation emergencies (Sim2—pump failure and Sim3—access insufficiency). Sim2 was a case encountered during teaching, whereas Sim3 was novel. A critical action, necessary for resolution of each scenario, was preidentified for timing.

Measurements and Main Results:
Primary outcome was time required to perform critical actions. Twenty-one fellows participated in the study (simulation, 10; traditional, 11). Groups had similar scenario scores (p = 0.4) and times to critical action (p = 0.8) on Sim1. At 6 weeks, both groups had similar scenario scores on Sim2 (p = 0.5), but the simulation group scored higher on Sim3 (p = 0.03). Times to critical actions were shorter in the simulation group during Sim2 (127 vs 174 s, p = 0.004) and Sim3 (159 vs 300 s; p = 0.04). These findings persisted at 1 year.

Conclusions:
In novice critical care fellows, simulation-based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation training is superior to traditional training. Benefits transfer to novel scenarios and are maintained over the long term. Further studies evaluating the utility of simulation in other learner groups and for maintenance of proficiency are required.
Variation in Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Greene Nathaniel H. , Kernic Mary A. , Vavilala Monica S. , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To ascertain the degree of variation, by state of acute care hospitalization, in outcomes associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an adult population.

Setting:
All acute care hospitals in 21 states in the United States in the year 2010.

Participants:
Adult (> 18 years) patients (N = 95 546) admitted to a hospital with a moderate or severe TBI.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study using data from State Inpatient Databases from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.

Main Measures:
Inpatient mortality and discharge to inpatient rehabilitation.

Results:
The adjusted risk of inpatient mortality varied between states by as much as 40%, with age, severity of injury, and insurance status as significant factors in both outcomes. The adjusted risk of discharge to inpatient rehabilitation varied between by more than 100% among the states measured.

Conclusions:
There was clinically significant variation between states in inpatient mortality and rehabilitation discharge after adjusting for variables known to affect each outcome. Future efforts should be focused on identifying the causes of this state-to-state variation, how these causes affect patient outcomes, and may serve as a guide to further standardization of treatment for traumatic brain injury across the United States.
Wall following inXenopus laevisis passive
Authors: Hänzi Sara , Straka Hans 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe tendency of animals to follow boundaries within their environment can serve as a strategy for spatial learning or defence. We examined whether animals ofXenopus laevisemploy such a strategy by characterizing their swimming behaviour. We also investigated potential developmental changes, the influence of tentacles, which some of the developmental stages possess, and whether wall-following is active (animals seek out wall contact) or passive. Animals’ swimming movements were recorded with a camera from above in a square tank with shallow water and their trajectories were analysed especially for proximity to the nearest wall. With the exception of young larvae, in which wall following was less strong, the vast majority of animals – tadpoles and froglets – spent more time near the wall than what would be expected from the proportion of the area near the wall. The total distance covered was not a confounding factor. Wall following was also not influenced by whether the surrounding of the tank was black or white, illuminated by infrared light, or by the presence or absence of tentacles. Animals were stronger wall followers in smaller tanks. When given a choice in a convex tank to swim straight and leave the wall or turn to follow the wall, the animals consistently left the wall, indicating that wall following inXenopus laevisis passive. This implies that wall following behaviour inXenopusderives from constraints imposed by the environment (or the experimenter) and is unlikely a strategy for spatial learning or safety-seeking.Summary statement:Xenopus laevistadpoles and froglets tend to swim along the walls of a square tank; but this wall following is passive – in a convex tank, they leave the wall.
The genetic legacy of Zoroastrianism in Iran and India: Insights into population structure, gene flow and selection
Authors: López Saioa , Thomas Mark G. , van Dorp Lucy , Ansari-Pour Naser , Stewart Sarah , Jones Abigail L. , Jelinek Erik , Chikhi Lounès , Parfitt Tudor , Bradman Neil , Weale Michael E. , Hellenthal Garrett 
Published: April 2017

AbstractZoroastrianism is one of the oldest extant religions in the world, originating in Persia (present-day Iran) during the second millennium BCE. Historical records indicate that migrants from Persia brought Zoroastrianism to India, but there is debate over the timing of these migrations. Here we present novel genome-wide autosomal, Y-chromosome and mitochondrial data from Iranian and Indian Zoroastrians and neighbouring modern-day Indian and Iranian populations to conduct the first genome-wide genetic analysis in these groups. Using powerful haplotype-based techniques, we show that Zoroastrians in Iran and India show increased genetic homogeneity relative to other sampled groups in their respective countries, consistent with their current practices of endogamy. Despite this, we show that Indian Zoroastrians (Parsis) intermixed with local groups sometime after their arrival in India, dating this mixture to 690-1390 CE and providing strong evidence that the migrating group was largely comprised of Zoroastrian males. By exploiting the rich information in DNA from ancient human remains, we also highlight admixture in the ancestors of Iranian Zoroastrians dated to 570 BCE-746 CE, older than admixture seen in any other sampled Iranian group, consistent with a long-standing isolation of Zoroastrians from outside groups. Finally, we report genomic regions showing signatures of positive selection in present-day Zoroastrians that might correlate to the prevalence of particular diseases amongst these communities.
Improvedde novoGenome Assembly: Linked-Read Sequencing Combined with Optical Mapping Produce a High Quality Mammalian Genome at Relatively Low Cost
Authors: Mohr DW , Naguib A , Weisenfeld NI , Kumar V , Shah P , Church DM , Jaffe D , Scott AF 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCurrent short-read methods have come to dominate genome sequencing because they are cost-effective, rapid, and accurate. However, short reads are most applicable when data can be aligned to a known reference. Two new methods forde novoassembly are linked-reads and restriction-site labeled optical maps. We combined commercial applications of these technologies for genome assembly of an endangered mammal, the Hawaiian Monk seal.We show that the linked-reads produced with 10X Genomics Chromium chemistry and assembled with Supernova v1.1 software produced scaffolds with an N50 of 22.23 Mbp with the longest individual scaffold of 84.06 Mbp. When combined with Bionano Genomics optical maps using Bionano RefAligner, the scaffold N50 increased to 29.65 Mbp for a total of 170 hybrid scaffolds, the longest of which was 84.78 Mbp. These results were 161X and 215X, respectively, improved over DISCOVARde novoassemblies. The quality of the scaffolds was assessed using conserved synteny analysis of both the DNA sequence and predicted seal proteins relative to the genomes of humans and other species. We found large blocks of conserved synteny suggesting that the hybrid scaffolds were high quality. An inversion in one scaffold complementary to human chromosome 6 was found and confirmed by optical maps.The complementarity of linked-reads and optical maps is likely to make the production of high quality genomes more routine and economical and, by doing so, significantly improve our understanding of comparative genome biology.
Impact of participation on behaviour outcomes in health care service
Authors: Mahapatra Sabita 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of patient participation on patient satisfaction and the subsequent effect on patient behavior outcomes

Design/methodology/approach
The research employs self-administered survey method to test hypotheses. The convenience sampling approach is used to collected data from 410 patients in metropolitan cities of India. The data are analyzed using SmartPLS to test the proposed model.

Findings
The results shows patient participation is positively related to behaviour outcomes and patient confidence and satisfaction mediate the effect of patient participation on adherence.

Research limitations/implications
The study was limited to a small sample which may somewhat limit generalization of the findings. However, the findings, based on primary data, are insightful. Second, the current study was cross-sectional in nature, whereas a longitudinal study could had measured changes in perceptions over an extended time period.

Practical implications
The results provide interesting insights about the significance of patient participation in positive behavior outcome. These insights will enable health care professionals and government to formulate a suitable policy through which to encourage patient participation in health treatment regimes.

Originality/value
The paper demonstrates the influence of patient participation on behavior. There has been little research on this aspect in the Indian context to date, so this study offers an important guideline to the health care industry in relation to introducing customer empowerment into health care regimes.
Leaky building stigma
Authors: Shi Song , McCarthy Iona , Mai Uyen 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the stigma effect on property valuation/sale price for remediated residential leaky buildings constructed in New Zealand during the 1990s and 2000s. In particular, the authors want to know whether meeting the regulatory standards for remediation work will totally eliminate the negative stigma effect on remediated properties.Design/methodology/approachProperty transaction data for remediated leaky homes are often limited and not well recorded. Thus, it is very difficult or even impossible to identify those remediated properties in a standard property transaction data set. Moreover, a vast amount of information regarding the nature of property defects, remediation process and method is very difficult to obtain. In this study, members of the Property Institute of New Zealand (PINZ) and the Real Estate Institute of New Zealand were invited to participate in an online website survey. The results were then analysed using the principal component analysis, ordinary least squares and multinomial logit regressions.FindingsThis study indicates that for monolithic-clad dwellings, the price discount due to leaky building stigma is significant. Depending on the severity of the leaking problems, this is about 11 per cent on average for general market stigma and an additional 5-10 per cent for post-remediation stigma. The results highlight that meeting the regulatory standards for remediation work cannot totally eliminate the negative stigma effect on remediated properties. The findings are in line with the lemon theory introduced by Akerlof (1970) and robust to individual characteristics of the survey respondent.Originality/valueGeneral market stigma has been widely researched and documented in the literature. In contrast, there is a lack of research as to whether remediation will eliminate stigma, particularly in the presence of general market stigma. The authors are the first to show that post-remediation stigma can cause value loss in addition to general market stigma based on the lemon theory proposed by Akerlof (1970).