bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telephone care co-ordination for tobacco cessation: randomised trials testing proactive versus reactive models
Authors: Sherman Scott E , Krebs Paul , York Laura S , Cummins Sharon E , Kuschner Ware , Guvenc-Tuncturk Sebnem , Zhu Shu-Hong 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesWe conducted two parallel studies evaluating the effectiveness of proactive and reactive engagement approaches to telephone treatment for smoking cessation.MethodsPatients who smoked and were interested in quitting were referred to this study and were eligible if they were current smokers and had an address and a telephone number. The data were collected at 35 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) sites, part of four VA medical centres in both California and Nevada. In study 1, participants received multisession counselling from the California Smokers’ Helpline (quitline). In study 2, they received self-help materials only. Patients were randomly assigned by week to either proactive or reactive engagement, and primary care staff were blind to this assignment. Providers gave brief advice and referred them via the electronic health record to a tobacco co-ordinator. All patients were offered cessation medications.OutcomeUsing complete case analysis, in study 1 (quitline), patients in the proactive condition were more likely than those in the reactive condition to report abstinence at 6 months (21.0% vs 16.4%, p=0.03). No difference was found between conditions in study 2 (self-help) (16.9% vs 16.5%, p=0.88). Proactive outreach resulted in increased use of cessation medications in both the quitline (70.1% vs 57.6%, p<0.0001) and the self-help studies (74.5% vs 48.2%, p<0.0001).ConclusionProactive outreach with quitline intervention was associated with greater long-term abstinence. Both studies resulted in high rates of medication use. Sites should use a proactive outreach approach and provide counselling whenever possible.Trial registration numberNCT00123682.
Frequency characteristics of human muscle and cortical responses evoked by noisy Achilles tendon vibration
Authors: Mildren Robyn L. , Peters Ryan M. , Hill Aimee J. , Blouin Jean-Sébastien , Carpenter Mark G. , Inglis J. Timothy 
Published: February 2017

Noisy stimuli, along with linear systems analysis, have proven to be effective for mapping functional neural connections. We explored the use of noisy (10–115 Hz) Achilles tendon vibration to examine somatosensory reflexes in the triceps surae muscles in standing healthy young adults ( n = 8). We also examined the association between noisy vibration and electrical activity recorded over the sensorimotor cortex using electroencephalography. We applied 2 min of vibration and recorded ongoing muscle activity of the soleus and gastrocnemii using surface electromyography (EMG). Vibration amplitude was varied to characterize reflex scaling and to examine how different stimulus levels affected postural sway. Muscle activity from the soleus and gastrocnemii was significantly correlated with the tendon vibration across a broad frequency range (~10–80 Hz), with a peak located at ~40 Hz. Vibration-EMG coherence positively scaled with stimulus amplitude in all three muscles, with soleus displaying the strongest coupling and steepest scaling. EMG responses lagged the vibration by ~38 ms, a delay that paralleled observed response latencies to tendon taps. Vibration-evoked cortical oscillations were observed at frequencies ~40–70 Hz (peak ~54 Hz) in most subjects, a finding in line with previous reports of sensory-evoked γ-band oscillations. Further examination of the method revealed 1) accurate reflex estimates could be obtained with <60 s of low-level (root mean square = 10 m/s2) vibration; 2) responses did not habituate over 2 min of exposure; and importantly, 3) noisy vibration had a minimal influence on standing balance. Our findings suggest noisy tendon vibration is an effective novel approach to characterize somatosensory reflexes during standing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We applied noisy (10–115 Hz) vibration to the Achilles tendon to examine the frequency characteristics of lower limb somatosensory reflexes during standing. Ongoing muscle activity was coherent with the noisy vibration (peak coherence ~40 Hz), and coherence positively scaled with increases in stimulus amplitude. Our findings suggest that noisy tendon vibration, along with linear systems analysis, is an effective novel approach to study somatosensory reflex actions in active muscles.
YAP/TAZ-Mediated Upregulation of GAB2 Leads to Increased Sensitivity to Growth Factor–Induced Activation of the PI3K Pathway
Authors: Wang Chao , Gu Chao , Jeong Kang Jin , Zhang Dong , Guo Wei , Lu Yiling , Ju Zhenlin , Panupinthu Nattapon , Yang Ji Yeon , Gagea Mihai (Mike) , Ng Patrick Kwok Shing , Zhang Fan , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The transcription regulators YAP and TAZ function as effectors of the HIPPO signaling cascade, critical for organismal development, cell growth, and cellular reprogramming, and YAP/TAZ is commonly misregulated in human cancers. The precise mechanism by which aberrant YAP/TAZ promotes tumor growth remains unclear. The HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway phosphorylates YAP and TAZ, resulting in cytosolic sequestration with subsequent degradation. Here, we report that the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is critically involved in the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer, interacts with the HIPPO pathway at multiple levels. Strikingly, coordinate knockdown of YAP and TAZ, mimicking activation of the HIPPO pathway, markedly decreased both constitutive and growth factor–induced PI3K pathway activation by decreasing levels of the GAB2 linker molecule in endometrial cancer lines. Furthermore, targeting YAP/TAZ decreased endometrial cancer tumor growth in vivo. In addition, YAP and TAZ total and phosphoprotein levels correlated with clinical characteristics and outcomes in endometrial cancer. Thus, YAP and TAZ, which are inhibited by the HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway, modify PI3K/AKT pathway signaling in endometrial cancer. The cross-talk between these key pathways identifies potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1637–48. ©2017 AACR.
Improving the In Silico Assessment of Proarrhythmia Risk by Combining hERG (Human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) Channel–Drug Binding Kinetics and Multichannel Pharmacology
Authors: Li Zhihua , Dutta Sara , Sheng Jiansong , Tran Phu N. , Wu Wendy , Chang Kelly , Mdluli Thembi , Strauss David G. , Colatsky Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Background—
The current proarrhythmia safety testing paradigm, although highly efficient in preventing new torsadogenic drugs from entering the market, has important limitations that can restrict the development and use of valuable new therapeutics. The CiPA (Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay) proposes to overcome these limitations by evaluating drug effects on multiple cardiac ion channels in vitro and using these data in a predictive in silico model of the adult human ventricular myocyte. A set of drugs with known clinical torsade de pointes risk was selected to develop and calibrate the in silico model.

Methods and Results—
Manual patch-clamp data assessing drug effects on expressed cardiac ion channels were integrated into the O’Hara–Rudy myocyte model modified to include dynamic drug–hERG channel (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) interactions. Together with multichannel pharmacology data, this model predicts that compounds with high torsadogenic risk are more likely to be trapped within the hERG channel and show stronger reverse use dependency of action potential prolongation. Furthermore, drug-induced changes in the amount of electronic charge carried by the late sodium and L-type calcium currents was evaluated as a potential metric for assigning torsadogenic risk.

Conclusions—
Modeling dynamic drug–hERG channel interactions and multi-ion channel pharmacology improves the prediction of torsadogenic risk. With further development, these methods have the potential to improve the regulatory assessment of drug safety models under the CiPA paradigm.
Initiation, Continuation, or Withdrawal of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Gilstrap Lauren G. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Desai Akshay S. , Liang Li , Matsouaka Roland , DeVore Adam D. , Smith Eric E. , Heidenreich Paul , Hernandez Adrian F. , Yancy Clyde W. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: February 2017

Background

Guidelines recommend continuation or initiation of guideline‐directed medical therapy, including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin
II
receptor blockers (
ACE
i/
ARB
), in hospitalized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

Using the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure Registry, we linked clinical data from 16 052 heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (ejection fraction ≤40%) patients with Medicare claims data. We divided
ACE
i/
ARB
‐eligible patients into 4 categories based on admission and discharge
ACE
i/
ARB
use: continued (reference group), started, discontinued, or not started on therapy. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the association between
ACE
i/
ARB
category and outcomes. Most, 90.5%, were discharged on
ACE
i/
ARB
(59.6% continued and 30.9% newly started). Of those discharged without
ACE
i/
ARB
, 1.9% were discontinued, and 7.5% were eligible but not started. Thirty‐day mortality was 3.5% for patients continued and 4.1% for patients started on
ACE
i/
ARB
. In contrast, 30‐day mortality was 8.8% for patients discontinued (adjusted hazard ratio [
HR
adj
] 1.92; 95%
CI
1.32‐2.81;
P
<0.001) and 7.5% for patients not started (
HR
adj
1.50; 95%
CI
1.12‐2.00;
P
=0.006). The 30‐day readmission rate was lowest among patients continued or started on therapy. One‐year mortality was 28.2% for patients continued and 29.7% for patients started on
ACE
i/
ARB
compared to 41.6% for patients discontinued (
HR
adj
1.35; 95%
CI
1.13‐1.61;
P
<0.001) and 41.7% (
HR
adj
1.28; 95%
CI
1.14‐1.43;
P
<0.001) for patients not started on therapy.

Conclusions

Compared with continuation, withdrawal of
ACE
i/
ARB
during heart failure hospitalization is associated with higher rates of postdischarge mortality and readmission, even after adjustment for severity of illness.
A Concise Taxonomy for Describing Data as an Art Material
Authors: Freeman Julie , Wiggins Geraint , Starks Gavin , Sandler Mark 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
How can we describe data when used as an art material? As the number of artists using data in their work increases, so too must our ability to describe the material in a way that is understood by both specialist and general audiences alike. Based on a review of existing vocabularies, glossaries and taxonomies of data, we propose our own concise taxonomy. To conclude, we propose the adoption of this concise taxonomy by artists, critics and curators, and suggest that ongoing refinement of the taxonomy takes place through crowdsourced knowledge sharing on the Web.
Synonymy and problematic species of Eiconaxius Spence Bate, 1888, with descriptions of new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea: Axiidae)
Authors: POORE GARY C. B. 
Published: February 2017

The genus Eiconaxius Spence Bate, 1888, is rediagnosed. Eiconaxiopsididae Sakai, 2011 and its type genus, Eiconaxiopsis Sakai, 2011 are shown to be based largely on an error—the dactylus of pereopod 3 of the type species, Eiconaxiopsis heinrichi Sakai, 2011 is not as was originally illustrated but similar to all other species of Eiconaxius. The synonymies of Eiconaxiopsis with Eiconaxius and Eiconaxiopsididae with Axiidae are confirmed. Eiconaxius faxoni Sakai, 2011 is made an objective junior synonym of Eiconaxius albatrossae Kensley, 1996 (both share the same types). Eiconaxius malaku sp. nov. is erected to replace Eiconaxius indonesicus Sakai, 2011 (nomen nudum). Eiconaxius parvus Spence Bate, 1888 is redescribed based on numerous specimens from Fiji, and Wallis and Futuna. Eiconaxius vaubani sp. nov., which differs from all other species of the genus in the shape of the rostrum and proportions of pereopod 4, is described.
Fundamental Causes of Propagating and Nonpropagating MJOs in MJOTF/GASS Models
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Tim , Maloney Eric , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study investigates the fundamental causes of differences in the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) eastward propagation among models that participated in a recent model intercomparison project. These models are categorized into good and poor groups characterized by prominent eastward propagation and nonpropagation, respectively. Column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) budgets are diagnosed for the good and the poor models. It is found that a zonal asymmetry in the MSE tendency, characteristic of eastward MJO propagation, occurs in the good group, whereas such an asymmetry does not exist in the poor group. The difference arises mainly from anomalous vertical and horizontal MSE advection. The former is attributed to the zonal asymmetry of upper-midtropospheric vertical velocity anomalies acting on background MSE vertical gradient; the latter is mainly attributed to the asymmetric zonal distribution of low-tropospheric meridional wind anomalies advecting background MSE and moisture fields. Based on the diagnosis above, a new mechanism for MJO eastward propagation that emphasizes the second-baroclinic-mode vertical velocity is proposed. A set of atmospheric general circulation model experiments with prescribed diabatic heating profiles was conducted to investigate the causes of different anomalous circulations between the good and the poor models. The numerical experiments reveal that the presence of a stratiform heating at the rear of MJO convection is responsible for the zonal asymmetry of vertical velocity anomaly and is important to strengthening lower-tropospheric poleward flows to the east of MJO convection. Thus, a key to improving the poor models is to correctly reproduce the stratiform heating. The roles of Rossby and Kelvin wave components in MJO propagation are particularly discussed.
Influences of Large-Scale Flow Variations on the Track Evolution of Typhoons Morakot (2009) and Megi (2010): Simulations with a Global Variable-Resolution Model
Authors: Huang Ching-Yuang , Zhang You , Skamarock William C. , Hsu Li-Huan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInfluences of large-scale flow variations on the track evolution of two typhoons, moderate Morakot (2009) and superintense Megi (2010), are investigated using the global variable-resolution model MPAS with a higher-resolution region of 15 km for the simulated typhoons. For Morakot, the associated track and extreme rainfall over southern Taiwan captured by MPAS compared well with the regional WRF simulations. To isolate the influences of various large-scale flows, three modes are filtered out from global reanalysis: the synoptic-scale mode, quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBW) mode, and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) mode. In the absence of QBW or MJO, the simulated Morakot moves westward across Taiwan without the observed north turn after landfall. When the intensity of the MJO mode is increased by 50% in the experiment (MJO+50%), a much earlier northward turn is induced. The simulated Morakot under the observed MJO lies in between MJO+50% and MJO−50% results. The MJO variations also show similar impacts on the track evolution of Typhoon Megi.The wavenumber-1 decompositions of vorticity budget terms are shown to highlight important contributions to the vorticity tendency and typhoon translation with and without the MJO. The northward turn of both typhoons in the presence of the MJO is mainly in response to positive horizontal vorticity advection to the north of the typhoon center. However, vorticity tilting is relatively more important for Morakot due to its slantwise structure. Furthermore, positive vorticity stretching and vertical advection are significant in the vicinity of southern Taiwan due to the effects of the Central Mountain Range and tend to retard the departing Morakot.
The Hybrid Transoral-Pharyngotomy Approach to Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Technique and Outcome
Authors: Sinha Parul , Pipkorn Patrik , Zenga Joseph , Haughey Bruce H. 
Published: February 2017

Background: The indications, techniques, and outcomes for a minimally invasive surgical approach in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) unsuitable for transoral resection are not well-described. Methods: A retrospective case series was performed using a prospectively assembled database of transoral surgery–treated OPSCC patients who also underwent a “hybrid” approach of combined transoral and limited pharyngotomy for tumor resection. Disease and functional outcomes were evaluated. Results: Twenty patients underwent complete tumor resection using the hybrid approach. Median follow-up was 48 months. No postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred. One patient (5%) had a local recurrence. Kaplan-Meier estimates for disease-specific survival at 2 and 5 years were 94.4% (95% CI, 84%-100%) and 87% (95% CI, 70%-100%). All but 1 patient (due to chemoradiotherapy-related chondroradionecrosis) were decannulated, and 2 required long-term gastrostomy. Conclusion: In the absence of a favorable transoral access, the “hybrid” approach of combined transoral and limited pharyngotomy can accomplish margin-negative primary tumor resection, with a high degree of disease control and functional recovery in selected OPSCC patients.
Clearing the fog for an overall view on state-owned enterprises: quality of aggregate holdings reporting by public administrations in 12 countries
Authors: Papenfuß Ulf , Steinhauer Lars , Friedländer Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

In the context of current debates on sustainable public service provision, austerity, debts and cutback management, the governance and management of and in state-owned enterprises is a crucial issue. An aggregate holdings report is an important tool for public administrations to provide accountability and the necessary overall view on the institutional service provision structures of core administration and state-owned enterprises. On the basis of a developed quality index with 175 test criteria, this study analyses the diffusion of aggregate holdings reports in 17 countries and the quality of 12 existing reports at the national level. First, the study provides a conceptual contribution for assessing aggregate holdings reports and future research on the issues of the model categories. Second, for an empirical contribution, the analysis enhances our state of knowledge on aggregate holdings report diffusion and quality patterns. Findings show that, in many cases, public administrations do not meet the requirements from theory and practice. Newer Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and European Union members reach comparably higher quality scores. This comparative study offers new insights that can enhance the sustainable public management and control of state-owned enterprises. Points for practitioners The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, which were published after an intensive consultation process in 2005 and revised in 2015, demand public authorities to develop aggregate holdings reports that cover all SOEs, and make them a key disclosure tool directed to the general public and politicians. This study develops a quality model for assessing the quality of aggregate holdings reports. The model can also answer questions that are often raised in reform debates, such as ‘Which is the best aggregate holdings report?’ or ‘Which aggregate holdings report can I use as a reference to further develop my own aggregate holdings report?’. The model is a conceptual contribution and the empirical results can be used for international bench-learning. They are also useful for international organisations such as the European Union, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Chartered Institute of Public Finance & Accounting and development aid/cooperation agencies in each country. The results of this study indicate that policymakers at the national and international levels should give more emphasis to the diffusion and quality of aggregate holdings reports and should reflect on establishing and revising legal obligations for aggregate holdings reports because the recommendations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines, as a soft-law approach, are often not put into practice.
Conditioned effects of ethanol on the immune system
Authors: Gano Anny , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos , Doremus-Fitzwater Tamara L , Deak Terrence 
Published: February 2017

Several studies indicate that the immune system can be subjected to classical conditioning. Acute ethanol intoxication significantly modulates several pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukins-1 and 6 [IL-1β and IL-6, respectively] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα])) in several brain areas, including amygdala (AMG), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and hippocampus (HPC). It is unknown, however, whether cues associated with ethanol can elicit conditioned alterations in cytokine expression. The present study analyzed, in male Sprague-Dawley rats, whether ethanol-induced changes in the central cytokine response may be amenable to conditioning. In Experiments 1 and 2, the rats were given one or two pairings between a distinctive odor (conditional stimulus, CS) and the post-absorptive effects of a high (3.0 or 4.0 g/kg, Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) ethanol dose. Neither of these experiments revealed conditioning of IL-6, IL-1β, or TNFα, as measured via mRNA levels. Yet, re-exposure to the lemon-odor CS in Experiment 1 significantly increased C-Fos levels in the PVN. In Experiment 3, the rats were given four pairings between an odor CS and a moderate ethanol dose (2.0 g/kg), delivered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intragastrically (i.g.). Re-exposure to the odor CS significantly increased IL-6 levels in HPC and AMG, an effect only evident in paired rats administered ethanol i.p. Overall, this study suggests that ethanol exposure can regulate the levels of IL-6 at HPC and AMG via classical conditioning mechanisms. These ethanol-induced, conditioned alterations in cytokine levels may ultimately affect the intake and motivational effects of ethanol. Impact statement This study examines, across three experiments, whether odor cues associated with ethanol exposure can condition changes in cytokine expression. The analysis of ethanol-induced conditioning of immune responses is a novel niche that can help understand the transition from social drinking to alcohol abuse and dependence. Ethanol-induced conditioning of the immune system could likely exacerbate neuroinflammation and drug-related toxicity, which in turn may facilitate further engagement in ethanol intake. The main new finding of the present study was that, after four pairings of ethanol’s unconditioned effects and a distinctive odor, the latter CS increased IL-6 levels in HPC and AMG. This suggests that ethanol’s effects upon IL-6 in HPC and AMG may come under conditioned control, particularly after repeated pairings between distinctive odor cues and ethanol’s effects. This article advances our knowledge of conditioned increases in cytokine responses, which should help understand the mechanisms underlying alcohol use, abuse, and relapse.