bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmer Interest in and Uses of Climate Forecasts for Florida and the Carolinas: Conditional Perspectives of Extension Personnel
Authors: Templeton Scott R. , Hooper Alan A. , Aldridge Heather D. , Breuer Norman 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In baseline surveys that were conducted in Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina, extension personnel were asked whether, how, and which farmers would use climate forecasts to manage production and other aspects of their agribusinesses. In making such assessments extensionists use their expertise to account for, the authors assume, net benefits to farmers of the forecasts, given any help that they also expect to provide their clients. Models of conditional probabilities are estimated to show how the assessments depend on the expertise and other characteristics of the extensionist and her clientele. For example, if a person has worked at least 7 years in extension, she is more likely to agree or strongly agree that farmers are interested in using climate forecasts. An extensionist who works with field crop producers is more likely than one who does not to think that a farmer can use climate forecasts to improve planting schedules, harvest planning, crop selection, nutrient management, and land allocation. An extensionist is more likely to assess that farmers who produce particular crops can use climate forecasts to be more successful if she works with them. An extensionist whose clientele’s average farm size exceeds 200 acres is more likely to indicate that a farmer can use climate forecasts to improve irrigation management, harvest planning, and crop selection. In addition to serving as references for future work, these conditional assessments almost always provide more nuanced and useful information than unconditional ones about potential farmer interest in and uses of climate forecasts for the three-state region.
Contact Forces Acting on Large Femoral Osteochondral Allografts During Forced Knee Extension
Authors: Du Peter Z. , Markolf Keith L. , Lama Christopher J. , McAllister David R. , Jones Kristofer J. 
Published: July 2017

Background: A single cylindrical graft plug is commonly used for large focal femoral defects during osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation. Excessive contact force (CF) on a proud plug could compromise initial healing. CFs during forced knee extension are of particular interest because this maneuver is used by therapists to restore early postoperative range of motion. Hypothesis: A proud OCA plug will significantly increase the CF and significantly decrease the knee extension angle (KEA). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eleven human knee specimens had miniature load cells installed in both femoral condyles at standardized locations representative of clinical defects. Each load cell had a 20-mm–diameter cylinder of native bone/cartilage attached at its precise anatomic location. Four spacers, 0.5 mm in thickness, were inserted sequentially between each load cell and its mounting bracket to create proud plug conditions of 0.5 to 2 mm. Measurements of the CF and KEA were recorded at extension moment levels up to 8 N·m. Results: At 8 N·m, the mean CFs for flush plugs were 149 ± 18 N (lateral) and 34 ± 13 N (medial). The mean increases in the medial CF (compared with flush) for 0.5-mm, 1-mm, 1.5-mm, and 2-mm proud conditions were 31 N (+91%), 64 N (+188%), 111 N (+325%), and 154 N (+451%), respectively. Corresponding increases for lateral proud plugs were 55 N (+37%), 120 N (+81%), 162 N (+109%), and 210 N (+141%), respectively. The CFs (and CF increases) for lateral grafts were significantly ( P < .05) higher than corresponding values for medial grafts at each proudness condition. Medial plug proudness had no consistent effect on the KEA. A 1-mm proud lateral plug significantly reduced the KEA by −1.6° (0 N·m) and −0.9° (2 N·m). Conclusion: Graft proudness of only 0.5 mm significantly increased CFs during forced knee extension, emphasizing the surgical precision necessary to achieve normal CF levels. Clinical Relevance: It is believed that some amount of CF is beneficial in the early stages of graft healing, and our findings suggest that forced knee extension may be well suited for this purpose. However, the surgeon should be aware that large extension moments can also generate relatively high CFs, especially if the plug is proud.
Can pharmacological manipulation of LTP favor the effects of motor rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Stampanoni Bassi Mario , Leocani Letizia , Comi Giancarlo , Iezzi Ennio , Centonze Diego 
Published: July 2017

Background: Synaptic plasticity, the basic mechanism of clinical recovery after brain lesion, can also remarkably influence the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical rehabilitation represents the main treatment option to promote synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and to enhance spontaneous recovery of neurological deficits. Objectives: To overview the role of pharmacological treatment and physical rehabilitation in modulating LTP and enhancing clinical recovery in MS. Results: Drug-induced LTP enhancement can be effectively used to promote functional recovery, alone or combined with rehabilitation. Also, as inflammatory cytokines alter synaptic transmission and plasticity in MS, pharmacological resolution of inflammation can positively influence clinical recovery. Finally, physical exercise could be an independent factor able to preserve or enhance LTP reserve both influencing signaling pathways involved in plasticity induction and maintenance, and decreasing inflammation. Future directions: Better knowledge of LTP determinants may be useful to design specific strategies to promote recovery after a relapse and to reduce the progressive neurological deterioration in MS patients.
A high-fidelity method for genomic sequencing of single somatic cells reveals a very high mutational burden
Authors: Vijg Jan , Dong Xiao , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2017

Postzygotic mutations in somatic cells lead to genome mosaicism and can be the cause of cancer, possibly other human diseases and aging. Somatic mutations are difficult to detect in bulk tissue samples. Here, we review the available assays for measuring somatic mutations, with a focus on recent single-cell, whole genome sequencing methods. Impact statement Somatic mutations cause cancer, possibly other diseases and aging. Yet, very little is known about the frequency of such mutations in vivo, their distribution across the genome, and their possible functional consequences other than cancer. Even in cancer, we do not know the heterogeneity of mutations within a tumor and if seemingly normal cells in its surroundings already have elevated mutation frequencies. Here, we review a new, whole genome amplification system that allows accurate quantification and characterization of single-cell mutational landscapes in human cells and tissues in relation to disease.
The impact of panenteric capsule endoscopy on the management of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Eliakim Rami 
Published: July 2017

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, in most patients involving the small and large bowel. In recent years, with the use of small bowel video capsule endoscopy (SBCE), it has become clear that in 50% or more of adults with established CD there is not only distal but also proximal small bowel involvement that suggests poor prognosis. A great deal of effort has been put into early diagnosis and stratification of patients into low versus high risk, thus directing treatment from step-up, or accelerated step-up, to top-down therapies. SBCE has been used for assessment of small bowel pathologies for over 15 years, mainly for occult gastrointestinal bleeding and suspected CD. In recent years, a colonic capsule, with cameras on both sides and a wider angle of view, has been developed and is used by some to survey both small and large bowel. Recently the same capsule, with adjustments, has been released in Europe, concentrating (with specialized software) on inflammatory bowel disease. In this review I summarize the new data regarding the use of SBCE as well as the small bowel colon (SBC) versions of capsule endoscopy in established CD and the ways these could alter the management of such patients.
Promotion of fracture healing by conjugated linoleic acid in rats
Authors: Shan Zhongshu , Luo Zong-Ping , Shen Xiaozhong , Chen Liang 
Published: July 2017

Background: The ability of fracture healing in Tibetans is significantly superior to Chinese Hans, which may attribute to factors from diet, altitude to physical conditions. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an important ingredient in Tibetan diet, playing a role in antioxidation, antiatherosclerosis, and decrease in body fat accumulation. Methods: This study further quantified CLA effect in fracture healing in rats using combined structural evaluation (X-ray and micro-computed tomography), biomechanical test, and histological examination. Results: CLA could promote fracture healing with quicker development of trabecular connection, network and thickening and were more active at the stage of bony union and remodeling. The load to failure could reach 78.12 ± 10.03 N, 41.4% stronger than the control by week 6 ( p = 0.0209). Conclusions: CLA improved the quality and mechanical strength of fracture healing in rats callus. The information may offer insight in development of new therapeutic strategies of fracture healing for general populations beyond Tibetans.
Neisseria lactamica Y92–1009 complete genome sequence
Authors: Pandey Anish K. , Cleary David W. , Laver Jay R. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Didelot Xavier , Gorringe Andrew , Read Robert C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present the high quality, complete genome assembly of Neisseria lactamica Y92–1009 used to manufacture an outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-based vaccine, and a member of the Neisseria genus. The strain is available on request from the Public Health England Meningococcal Reference Unit. This Gram negative, dipplococcoid bacterium is an organism of worldwide clinical interest because human nasopharyngeal carriage is related inversely to the incidence of meningococcal disease, caused by Neisseria meningitidis. The organism sequenced was isolated during a school carriage survey in Northern Ireland in 1992 and has been the subject of a variety of laboratory and clinical studies. Four SMRT cells on a RSII machine by Pacific Biosystems were used to produce a complete, closed genome assembly. Sequence data were obtained for a total of 30,180,391 bases from 2621 reads and assembled using the HGAP algorithm. The assembly was corrected using short reads obtained from an Illumina HiSeq 2000instrument. This resulted in a 2,146,723 bp assembly with approximately 460 fold mean coverage depth and a GC ratio of 52.3%.
Plantarvenenthrombose bei postoperativer Immobilisierung und Infektion des Fußes
Authors: Korsake K. , Korsake K. , Weiß B. , Paul A. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnostik und Therapie eines 72-jährigen Patienten mit zunehmenden Fußschmerzen, Rötung und Schwellung eine Woche nach der Osteosynthese des trimalleolären Sprunggelenkfraktur und Immobilisierung wird vorgestellt. Zuerst erfolgte eine röntgenologische Diagnostik nach der, bei unauffälligem Befund, eine Abklärung in der angiologischen Praxis erfolgte. Nach einer klinischen und duplexsonographischen Untersuchung sind eine Fußphlegmone und eine isolierte Plantarvenenthrombose diagnostiziert worden, die mit Antikoagulation, Kompressionstherapie und Antibiose erfolgreich behandelt wurden.
What phlebologists need to know about geriatric medicine
Authors: Friedrich C. 
Published: July 2017

SummarySuperimposed comorbidities and geriatric syndromes not only make the investigation and diagnosis of elderly and very old patients more difficult, but also present a considerable challenge to treatment, especially with regard to pharmacotherapy. Besides experiencing the physiological effects of ageing, these patents show the highest exposure to medication. At the same time, the number of doctors involved in their treatment increases, which generally results in an incomplete knowledge of all the drugs being taken. In the context of phlebological treatment, it is therefore helpful to know about the most important potentially risky medications, especially where anticoagulants are concerned, and about possible hazardous interactions with ECG changes. If the compatibility of a particular combination is not known, an electronic drug interaction check should always be carried out.Starting elderly patients at a low dosage and slowly titrating the dose to reach the target dose is a useful therapeutic principle, so that the altered distribution volumes and elimination capacity can be taken into account. An exception is made for antibiotic therapy, in which case the first dose should not be reduced, so that adequate serum levels can be achieved at an early stage.If treatment fails, the possibility of unintentional non-compliance due to mild cognitive impairment must always be considered and assessed if necessary. The early integration of geriatric treatment concepts should be considered to avoid everyday functional restrictions.
Technical Note—Optimal Long-Term Supply Contracts with Asymmetric Demand Information
Authors: Lobel Ilan , Xiao Wenqiang 
Published: July 2017

We consider a manufacturer selling to a retailer with private demand information arising dynamically over an infinite time horizon. Under a backlogging model, we show that the manufacturer’s optimal dynamic long-term contract takes a simple form: in the first period, based on her private demand forecast, the retailer selects a wholesale price and pays an associated upfront fee, and, from then on, the two parties stick to a simple wholesale price contract with the retailer’s chosen price. Under a lost sales model, we show that the structure of the optimal long-term contract combines a menu of wholesale pricing contracts with an option that, if exercised by the retailer, reduces future wholesale prices in exchange for an immediate payment to the manufacturer. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1626 .
Using Experts’ Noisy Quantile Judgments to Quantify Risks: Theory and Application to Agribusiness
Authors: Bansal Saurabh , Gutierrez Genaro J. , Keiser John R. 
Published: July 2017

Motivated by a unique agribusiness setting, this paper develops an optimization-based approach to estimate the mean and standard deviation of probability distributions from noisy quantile judgments provided by experts. The approach estimates the mean and standard deviations as weighted linear combinations of quantile judgments, where the weights are explicit functions of the expert’s judgmental errors. The approach is analytically tractable, and provides flexibility to elicit any set of quantiles from an expert. The approach also establishes that using an expert’s quantile judgments to deduce the distribution parameters is equivalent to collecting data with a specific sample size and enables combining the expert’s judgments with those of other experts. It also shows analytically that the weights for the mean add up to one and the weights for the standard deviation add up to zero—these properties have been observed numerically in the literature in the last 30 years, but without a systematic explanation. The theory has been in use at Dow AgroSciences for two years for making an annual decision worth $800 million. The use of the approach has resulted in the following monetary benefits: (i) firm’s annual production investment has reduced by 6%–7% and (ii) profit has increased by 2%–3%. We discuss the implementation at the firm, and provide practical guidelines for using expert judgment for operational uncertainties in industrial settings. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1627 .
Revenue Management Under the Markov Chain Choice Model
Authors: Feldman Jacob B. , Topaloglu Huseyin 
Published: July 2017

We consider revenue management problems when customers choose among the offered products according to the Markov chain choice model. In this choice model, a customer arrives into the system to purchase a particular product. If this product is available for purchase, then the customer purchases it. Otherwise, the customer transitions to another product or to the no purchase option, until she reaches an available product or the no purchase option. We consider three classes of problems. First, we study assortment problems, where the goal is to find a set of products to offer to maximize the expected revenue obtained from each customer. We give a linear program to obtain the optimal solution. Second, we study single resource revenue management problems, where the goal is to adjust the set of offered products over a selling horizon when the sale of each product consumes the resource. We show how the optimal set of products to offer changes with the remaining resource inventory. Third, we study network revenue management problems, where the goal is to adjust the set of offered products over a selling horizon when the sale of each product consumes a combination of resources. A standard linear programming approximation of this problem includes one decision variable for each subset of products. We show that this linear program can be reduced to an equivalent one with a substantially smaller size. We give an algorithm to recover the optimal solution to the original linear program from the reduced linear program. The reduced linear program can dramatically improve the solution times for the original linear program. The online appendix, data files, and source code are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1628 .
Worker-Recovered Companies in Brazil: self-management process assessment by applying multi-criteria decision support tools
Authors: Araujo Fernanda Santos , Oliveira Vicente Nepomuceno , Alvarez Denise , Costa Helder 
Published: July 2017

Company recovery is a practice developed by workers who, in the imminence of becoming unemployed, negotiate or fight for access to the means of production of bankrupting companies, and start to manage them collectively, guided by the principles of self-management. Nevertheless, how to assess self-management in worker-recovered companies (WRCs)? The criteria selected by a bibliographic review on the concept of self-management were used in dealing with the data collected by the Brazilian WRCs national mapping. A multi-criteria decision support tool was used to build a model for analyzing and classifying the companies in three categories related to their form of management. The multi-criteria approach allowed to create an assessment of self-management practices in the WRCs studied.
Hawthorne’s Rome – A city of evil, political and religious corruption and violence
Authors: Rabinovich Irina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHawthorne’s Rome is the home of dark and evil catacombs. It is a city haunted by evil spirits from the past that actively shape the romance’s plot. Rome’s dark gardens, endless staircases, hidden corners and vast catacombs, as well as the malodorous Jewish ghetto, affect Donatello’s and Miriam’s judgment, almost forcing them to get rid of the Model, Miriam’s persecutor. Hawthorne’s narrator’s shockingly violent, harsh and seemingly anti-Semitic description of the ghetto in Rome is just one among many similarly ruthless, and at times offensive, accounts of the city wherein Hawthorne situates his last completed romance, The Marble Faun. Hawthorne’s two-year stay in Rome in 1858-59 sets the scene for his conception of The Marble Faun. In addition to providing Hawthorne with the extensive contact with art and artists that undoubtedly affected the choice of his protagonists (Kenyon, a sculptor; Hilda and Miriam, painters), Italy exposed Hawthorne to Jewish traditions and history, as well as to the life of Jews in the Roman ghetto. Most probably it also aroused his interest in some of the political affairs in which Italian Jews were involved in the 1840s and 50s. This historical background, especially the well-publicized abduction and conversion of a Jewish child, Edgardo Mortara, in 1858 provides important political and cultural background for Hawthorne’s portrayal of Miriam in The Marble Faun.
Aesthetic distance as a form of liminality in selected short stories of American literature
Authors: Čechová Natália 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Aesthetic distance is a phenomenon that has attracted a considerable amount of attention, especially since the first works of postmodernism came to light. Aesthetic distance is based on creating such works which - using certain artistic tools and techniques - break the illusion and thus inhibit readers from immersing themselves in the literary world portrayed in the work they read. As a result, aesthetic distance creates a liminal space, or an invisible but consciously perceivable border between reality, i.e. the world we live in and fiction, i.e. the world we want to relocate to and enjoy during the reading process. The paper is based on an article by Bjorn Thomassen, in which he presents several types of liminality and states that the typology is not final. My aim is to prove that liminality can occur in literature as well, particularly in works built on aesthetic distance. In this matter, I focus on the reception theory of Wolfgang Iser, who studies literary texts from three perspectives: the text, the reader and the communication between the two. The theory is applied to selected short stories of American literature, which contain illusion-breaking features and thus may be viewed as liminal spaces.
The use of X-ray computed microtomography for graptolite detection in rock based on core internal structure visualization
Authors: Kaczmarek Łukasz , Kozłowska Anna , Maksimczuk Michał , Wejrzanowski Tomasz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper presents for the first time X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) analysis as a technique for Silurian graptolite detection in rocks. The samples come from the Jantar Bituminous Claystones Member of the Opalino core, Baltic Basin, northern Poland. Images were obtained with spatial resolution of 25 μm, which enabled the authors to create a 3-D visualization and to calculate the ratio of fissure and graptolite volume to the total sample volume. A set of μCT slices was used to create a 3-D reconstruction of graptolite geometry. These μCT slices were processed to obtain a clearly visible image and the volume ratio. A copper X-ray source filter was used during exposure to reduce radiograph artifacts. Visualization of graptolite tubaria (rhabdosomes) enabled Demirastrites simulans to be identified. Numerical models of graptolites reveal promising applications for paleontological research and thus for the recognition and characterization of reservoir rocks.
Limpet-shaped gastropods of the genus Diodora (Vetigastropoda: Fissurellidae) from the Middle Miocene of Western Ukraine
Authors: Dell’Angelo Bruno , Sosso Maurizio , Anistratenko Olga , Anistratenko Vitaliy 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The genus Diodora Gray, 1821 is widely represented in the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys with specimens usually attributed to D. graeca (Linnaeus, 1758) or D. italica (Defrance, 1820), well-known recent species of the Atlantic / Mediterranean Basin. In samples from the Upper Badenian of Western Ukraine we found two clusters of Diodora specimens, showing a similarity with these species, but a review of shell diagnostic characters using a statistical approach has revealed their clear conchological separateness. The first species from Varovtsi and Horodok is attributed herein to D. nodosa (Eichwald, 1830), whereas the second species from Maksymivka is described as a new species, D. stalennuyi sp. nov. We consider that these molluscs inhabited the Polish-Ukrainian marginal part of the Late Badenian Basin. Detailed descriptions of the protoconch and teleoconch morphology of the taxa involved, including SEM images, are presented.