bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping and resiliency enhancement program (CARE): a pilot study for interpreters in cancer care
Authors: Park Elyse R. , Mutchler Jan E. , Perez Giselle , Goldman Roberta E. , Niles Halsey , Haime Vivian , Tree‐McGrath Cheyenne Fox , Yang Mai See , Woolridge Daniel , Suarez July , Donelan Karen , Pirl William F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThere is a growing demand for interpreters in the cancer setting. Interpreters, the link to quality care for limited English proficiency patients, face many psychosocial stressors in their work. This project assessed interpreters' experiences of stress and piloted a resiliency program to help interpreters cope with stressors.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2014, we pilot tested a targeted resiliency program with interpreters from three Boston‐based hospitals. In Phase 1, we conducted five focus groups (n = 31) to identify interpreters' psychosocial needs. In Phase 2, we developed and tested a 4‐h group program with 29 interpreters (response rate = 90%; 69% female, 54% Hispanic, 85% born outside of the U.S.).ResultsPhase 1. Stressors were patient‐based (seeing young patients decline), interactions with medical team (unsure of role), and systems‐based (appointment unpredictability). Phase 2. At baseline interpreters reported low abilities to cope with stress (measured by the Measure of Current Status (MOCS‐A)). At 4‐week follow‐up we found improvements in job satisfaction (p = .02; Cohen's d = .41) and declines in sick days (p = .08; Cohen's d = .38). Stress reactivity (MOCS‐A) improved; specifically participants reported feeling more assertive about their needs (p = .10; Cohen's d = .30) and more able to relax at will (p = .10; Cohen's d = .35)—important mechanisms to lower distress.ConclusionsWe piloted a resiliency program for medical interpreters in cancer care. We found that interpreters experience distress and have low coping skills. This program resulted in improved work factors and stress reactivity. Future research should include further implementation and testing in a larger, randomized trial.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Language learning, socioeconomic status, and child‐directed speech
Authors: Schwab Jessica F. , Lew‐Williams Casey 
Published: May 2016

Young children's language experiences and language outcomes are highly variable. Research in recent decades has focused on understanding the extent to which family socioeconomic status (SES) relates to parents’ language input to their children and, subsequently, children's language learning. Here, we first review research demonstrating differences in the quantity and quality of language that children hear across low‐, mid‐, and high‐SESgroups, but also—and perhaps more importantly—research showing that differences in input and learning also exist withinSESgroups. Second, in order to better understand the defining features of ‘high‐quality’ input, we highlight findings from laboratory studies examining specific characteristics of the sounds, words, sentences, and social contexts of child‐directed speech (CDS) that influence children's learning. Finally, after narrowing in on these particular features ofCDS, we broaden our discussion by considering family and community factors that may constrain parents’ ability to participate in high‐quality interactions with their young children. A unification of research onSESandCDSwill facilitate a more complete understanding of the specific means by which input shapes learning, as well as generate ideas for crafting policies and programs designed to promote children's language outcomes.WIREs Cogn Sci2016, 7:264–275. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1393This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language AcquisitionPsychology > Language
Malunion of the distal radius in children: Accurate prediction of the expected remodeling
Authors: van der Sluijs J. A. , Bron J. L. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Malunions of fractures in children have a natural tendency to remodel. However, quantitative data of this well-known process are scarce. The extent of the correction depends inter alia on the type of bone and the location of the deformity and growth remaining. The aim of this study was to quantify the remodeling process of distal radius malunions in children to allow better future prediction. Methods Data were derived from two published patient series. Analysis included 63 malunions of distal radius fractures in 62 children (38 boys), with a mean age of 8.5 years (range 2–14.5 years). Results The mean initial dorsovolar angulation was 25° [standard deviation (SD) 7.8°], remodeling time 22 (SD 18) months, and angulation at follow-up 6.7° (SD 5.8°). Based on these findings, the remodeling process can be described as an exponential function with angulation ( A0) as a factor and the remodeling time (RT) as a negative exponent of e ( R2 = 0.47). The function allows accurate prediction of the expected correction in over 76 % of the malunions. From this model, a formula was derived for calculation of the time needed for complete remodeling, but this formula lacked precision when compared to findings in the literature and needs to be validated. Conclusions The remodeling of distal radius malunions can be described as an exponential function with starting speed dependent on the initial angulation. The current model proves to be more accurate than models described previously in the literature. These findings allow for better patient information and optimal planning of eventual surgical intervention. The postulated model could serve as a basis for the description of correction of other malunions by adaptation of the coefficients in this model.
Validation of specific questionnaires to assess nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in a French population
Authors: Dochez Vincent , Dimet Jérôme , David‐Gruselle Aurélie , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Ducarme Guillaume 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the modified Pregnancy‐Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) score and the Health‐Related Quality of Life for Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP‐QOL) score in a French population.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of data for women who delivered at a tertiary care hospital in La Roche sur Yon, France, between November 1, 2012, and April 1, 2013. Only women who reported nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) in the first trimester were invited to respond to the two questionnaires.ResultsOverall, complete questionnaires were available from 399 women, 238 (59.6%) of whom reported NVP in the first trimester. The modified‐PUQE score was associated with the self‐reported symptom severity (P< 0.001). A relationship was also noted when either the NVP‐QOL score or the modified‐PUQE score was compared with the symptom intensity (P< 0.001 for both comparisons). Furthermore, a high NVP‐QOL score was associated with a high modified‐PUQE score (P< 0.001).ConclusionThe modified‐PUQE and NVP‐QOL scores provided valid indices for assessing NVP severity and alterations in quality of life. Owing to its simplicity, the modified‐PUQE score might be used routinely among women experiencing NVP in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Combinational effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on bifidobacterial growth and host gene expression in a simplified mixed culture model and neonatal mice
Authors: Ehara Tatsuya , Izumi Hirohisa , Tsuda Muneya , Nakazato Yuki , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Namba Kazuyoshi , Takeda Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is important to provide formula-fed infants with a bifidobacteria-enriched gut microbiota similar to those of breastfed infants to ensure intestinal health. Prebiotics, such as certain oligosaccharides, are a useful solution to this problem, but the combinational benefits of these oligosaccharides have not been evaluated. This study investigated the benefits of oligosaccharide combinations and screened for an optimal combination of oligosaccharides to promote healthy gut microbiota of formula-fed infants. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the bifidogenic effects of lactulose (LAC) alone and LAC combined with raffinose (RAF) and/or galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), using a mixed culture model and neonatal mice orally administered with these oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve. In the in vitro culture model, the combination of the three oligosaccharides (LAC–RAF–GOS) significantly increased cell numbers of B. breve and Bifidobacterium longum (P<0·05) compared with either LAC alone or the combination of two oligosaccharides, and resulted in the production of SCFA under anaerobic conditions. In the in vivo experiment, the LAC–RAF–GOS combination significantly increased cell numbers of B. breve and Bacteroidetes in the large intestinal content (P<0·05) and increased acetate concentrations in the caecal content and serum of neonatal mice. Genes related to metabolism and immune responses were differentially expressed in the liver and large intestine of mice administered with LAC–RAF–GOS. These results indicate a synergistic effect of the LAC–RAF–GOS combination on the growth of bifidobacteria and reveal possible benefits of this combination to the gut microbiota and health of infants.
THE EFFECT OF OSMOTIC STRESS ON ANTI-OXIDATIVE CAPACITY OF BLACK GRAM (VIGNA MUNGOL.)
Authors: BAROOWA BHASWATEE , GOGOI NIRMALI 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYIn order to assess the response of four popularly grown black gram (Vigna mungoL.) genotypes (T9, PU 19, USJD 113, KU 301) under osmotic stress, the present study was carried out by monitoring the changes in relative leaf water content (RLWC), carotenoid, total soluble protein (TSP), membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA), H2O2scavenging capacity, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Osmotic stress was applied by withholding irrigation for 15 consecutive days at vegetative, flowering and pod filling stages. Under stress condition, several fold increase in the content of MDA, H2O2scavenging activity and antioxidant enzyme activity was recorded while, RLWC, carotenoid and TSP were found to decrease. Flowering stage was found to be most sensitive in terms of economic yield. The genotype T9 experienced lowest reduction in yield (12.10–33.91%) with maximum value of drought tolerance index (DTI) (7.48) which can be attributed to its higher tolerance capacity to drought. On the other hand, USJD 113 had the highest yield loss (26.48–60.99%) and lowest DTI (6.07) value, indicating its susceptibility towards osmotic stress.
Increase the feasible step region of biped robots through active vertical flexion and extension motions
Authors: Gao Wei , Jia Zhenzhong , Fu Chenglong 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the active vertical motion of biped systems and its significance to the balance of biped robots, which have been commonly neglected by the use of a well-known model called the Linear Inverted Pendulum Model. The feasible step location is theoretically estimated by considering the active vertical movement on a simple point mass model. Based on the estimation, we present two new strategies, namely the flexion strategy and the extension strategy, to enable biped robots to restore balance through active upward and downward motions. The analytical results demonstrate that the robot is able to recover from much larger disturbances using our proposed methods. Simulations of the simple point mass model validate our analysis. Besides, prototype controllers that incorporate our proposed strategies have also been implemented on a simulated humanoid robot. Numerical simulations on both the simple point mass model and the realistic humanoid model prove the effectiveness of proposed strategies.
To renegotiate heritage and citizenship beyond essentialism
Authors: Högberg Anders 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe heritage sector all through Europe and beyond is historically linked to the task of providing nations with glorious myths of origin within a metaphysical framework of essentialism. This is now shifting. With ambitions to pluralize the past, archaeology and the heritage sector are transforming within the nation state. Heritage in present-day societies has increasingly come to serve citizens with a range of cultural identities to chose from. But what is actually new in the way archaeology and the heritage sector address issues of heritage and citizenship? This text discusses how the heritage sector tends to renegotiate the essentialism of the nation state in theory, but at the same time maintain essentialism as the driving force in professional practices and interpretative frameworks. I suggest a new way for archaeology to work within another framework than essentialism. This suggestion does not go beyond the nation state, but inspires archaeology to rethink its narratives on how heritage links to citizenship.
Tsunami waves extensively resurfaced the shorelines of an early Martian ocean
Authors: Rodriguez J. Alexis P. , Fairén Alberto G. , Tanaka Kenneth L. , Zarroca Mario , Linares Rogelio , Platz Thomas , Komatsu Goro , Miyamoto Hideaki , Kargel Jeffrey S. , Yan Jianguo , Gulick Virginia , Higuchi Kana , Baker Victor R. , Glines Natalie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt has been proposed that ~3.4 billion years ago an ocean fed by enormous catastrophic floods covered most of the Martian northern lowlands. However, a persistent problem with this hypothesis is the lack of definitive paleoshoreline features. Here, based on geomorphic and thermal image mapping in the circum-Chryse and northwestern Arabia Terra regions of the northern plains, in combination with numerical analyses, we show evidence for two enormous tsunami events possibly triggered by bolide impacts, resulting in craters ~30 km in diameter and occurring perhaps a few million years apart. The tsunamis produced widespread littoral landforms, including run-up water-ice-rich and bouldery lobes, which extended tens to hundreds of kilometers over gently sloping plains and boundary cratered highlands, as well as backwash channels where wave retreat occurred on highland-boundary surfaces. The ice-rich lobes formed in association with the younger tsunami, showing that their emplacement took place following a transition into a colder global climatic regime that occurred after the older tsunami event. We conclude that, on early Mars, tsunamis played a major role in generating and resurfacing coastal terrains.
Large-Scale and Defect-Free Silicon Metamaterials with Magnetic Response
Authors: Yi Ningbo , Sun Shang , Gao Yisheng , Wang Kaiyang , Gu Zhiyuan , Sun Siwu , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAll-dielectric metamaterials offer a potential low-loss alternative to plasmonic metamaterials at optical frequencies. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a silicon based large-scale magnetic metamaterial, which is fabricated with standard photolithography and conventional reactive ion etching process. The periodically arrayed silicon sub-wavelength structures possess electric and magnetic responses with low loss in mid-infrared wavelength range. We investigate the electric and magnetic resonances dependencies on the structural parameters and demonstrate the possibility of obtaining strong dielectric-based magnetic resonance through a broad band range. The optical responses are quite uniform over a large area about 2 × 2 cm2. The scalability of this design and compatibility fabrication method with highly developed semiconductor devices process could lead to new avenues of manipulating light for low-loss, large-area and real integrated photonic applications.
Targeting human respiratory syncytial virus transcription anti-termination factor M2-1 to inhibit in vivo viral replication
Authors: Bailly B. , Richard C.-A. , Sharma G. , Wang L. , Johansen L. , Cao J. , Pendharkar V. , Sharma D.-C. , Galloux M. , Wang Y. , Cui R. , Zou G. , Guillon P. , von Itzstein M. , Eléouët J.-F. , Altmeyer R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. To date, no specific antiviral drug is available to treat or prevent this disease. Here, we report that the Smoothened receptor (Smo) antagonist cyclopamine acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of in vitro and in vivo hRSV replication. Cyclopamine inhibits hRSV through a novel, Smo-independent mechanism. It specifically impairs the function of the hRSV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex notably by reducing expression levels of the viral anti-termination factor M2-1. The relevance of these findings is corroborated by the demonstration that a single R151K mutation in M2-1 is sufficient to confer virus resistance to cyclopamine in vitro and that cyclopamine is able to reduce virus titers in a mouse model of hRSV infection. The results of our study open a novel avenue for the development of future therapies against hRSV infection.
Liposome production by microfluidics: potential and limiting factors
Authors: Carugo Dario , Bottaro Elisabetta , Owen Joshua , Stride Eleanor , Nastruzzi Claudio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of microfluidic techniques for the production of nanoscale lipid-based vesicular systems. In particular we focus on the key issues associated with the microfluidic production of liposomes. These include, but are not limited to, the role of lipid formulation, lipid concentration, residual amount of solvent, production method (including microchannel architecture), and drug loading in determining liposome characteristics. Furthermore, we propose microfluidic architectures for the mass production of liposomes with a view to potential industrial translation of this technology.
A first report of hydroxylated apatite as structural biomineral in Loasaceae – plants’ teeth against herbivores
Authors: Ensikat Hans-Jürgen , Geisler Thorsten , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBiomineralization provides living organisms with various materials for the formation of resilient structures. Calcium phosphate is the main component of teeth and bones in vertebrates, whereas especially silica serves for the protection against herbivores on many plant surfaces. Functional calcium phosphate structures are well-known from the animal kingdom, but had not so far been reported from higher plants. Here, we document the occurrence of calcium phosphate biomineralization in the South-American plant group Loasaceae (rock nettle family), which have stinging trichomes similar to those of the well-known stinging nettles (Urtica). Stinging hairs and the smaller, glochidiate trichomes contained nanocrystalline hydroxylated apatite, especially in their distal portions, replacing the silica found in analogous structures of other flowering plants. This could be demonstrated by chemical, spectroscopic and diffraction analyses. Some species of Loasaceae contained both calcium phosphate and silica in addition to calcium carbonate. The intriguing discovery of structural hydroxylated apatite in plants invites further studies, e.g., on its systematic distribution across the family, the genetic and cellular control of plant biomineralization, the properties and ultrastructure of calcium phosphate. It may prove the starting point for the development of biomimetic calcium phosphate composites based on a cellulose matrix.
Oxidation-Based Continuous Laser Writing in Vertical Nano-Crystalline Graphite Thin Films
Authors: Loisel Loïc , Florea Ileana , Cojocaru Costel-Sorin , Tay Beng Kang , Lebental Bérengère 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNano and femtosecond laser writing are becoming very popular techniques for patterning carbon-based materials, as they are single-step processes enabling the drawing of complex shapes without photoresist. However, pulsed laser writing requires costly laser sources and is known to cause damages to the surrounding material. By comparison, continuous-wave lasers are cheap, stable and provide energy at a more moderate rate. Here, we show that a continuous-wave laser may be used to pattern vertical nano-crystalline graphite thin films with very few macroscale defects. Moreover, a spatially resolved study of the impact of the annealing to the crystalline structure and to the oxygen ingress in the film is provided: amorphization, matter removal and high oxygen content at the center of the beam; sp2 clustering and low oxygen content at its periphery. These data strongly suggest that amorphization and matter removal are controlled by carbon oxidation. The simultaneous occurrence of oxidation and amorphization results in a unique evolution of the Raman spectra as a function of annealing time, with a decrease of the I(D)/I(G) values but an upshift of the G peak frequency.
Surface modification of nanoparticles enables selective evasion of phagocytic clearance by distinct macrophage phenotypes
Authors: Qie Yaqing , Yuan Hengfeng , von Roemeling Christina A. , Chen Yuanxin , Liu Xiujie , Shih Kevin D. , Knight Joshua A. , Tun Han W. , Wharen Robert E. , Jiang Wen , Kim Betty Y.S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNanomedicine is a burgeoning industry but an understanding of the interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system is critical for clinical translation. Macrophages play a fundamental role in the immune system by engulfing foreign particulates such as nanoparticles. When activated, macrophages form distinct phenotypic populations with unique immune functions, however the mechanism by which these polarized macrophages react to nanoparticles is unclear. Furthermore, strategies to selectively evade activated macrophage subpopulations are lacking. Here we demonstrate that stimulated macrophages possess higher phagocytic activities and that classically activated (M1) macrophages exhibit greater phagocytic capacity than alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. We show that modification of nanoparticles with polyethylene-glycol results in decreased clearance by all macrophage phenotypes, but importantly, coating nanoparticles with CD47 preferentially lowers phagocytic activity by the M1 phenotype. These results suggest that bio-inspired nanoparticle surface design may enable evasion of specific components of the immune system and provide a rational approach for developing immune tolerant nanomedicines.
What drives phenotypic divergence in Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) on large-scale gradient, climate or genetic differentiation?
Authors: Yuan Shan , Ma Linna , Guo Chengyuan , Wang Renzhong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElucidating the driving factors among-population divergence is an important task in evolutionary biology, however the relative contribution from natural selection and neutral genetic differentiation has been less debated. A manipulation experiment was conducted to examine whether the phenotypic divergence of Leymus chinensis depended on climate variations or genetic differentiations at 18 wild sites along a longitudinal gradient from 114 to 124°E in northeast China and at common garden condition of transplantation. Demographical, morphological and physiological phenotypes of 18 L. chinensis populations exhibited significant divergence along the gradient, but these divergent variations narrowed significantly at the transplantation. Moreover, most of the phenotypes were significantly correlated with mean annual precipitation and temperature in wild sites, suggesting that climatic variables played vital roles in phenotypic divergence of the species. Relative greater heterozygosity (HE), genotype evenness (E) and Shannon-Wiener diversity (I) in western group of populations suggested that genetic differentiation also drove phenotypic divergence of the species. However, neutral genetic differentiation (FST = 0.041) was greatly lower than quantitative differentiation (QST = 0.199), indicating that divergent selection/climate variable was the main factor in determining the phenotypic divergence of the species along the large-scale gradient.