bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Osteogenic Properties of Chitin‐Polydioxanone Composite Gel
Authors: Murugaiyan Kavipriya , Chandramouli Arthi , Rangasamy Jayakumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we have developed a Chitin(Ch)‐Poly(dioxanone)(PDO) gel system, which can be potentially used for tissue engineering. Hydrogel has been widely used in biomedical applications for its tuneable properties and biocompatibility. Chitin (Ch) is a natural biopolymer used for its ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix due to its N‐acetyl glucosamine structural units. Poly (dioxanone) (PDO) is a FDA‐approved synthetic biopolymer known for its mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and poor inflammatory response. Based on this, we have developed Ch‐PDO composite gel using simple regeneration chemistry and characterized it using FT‐IR and SEM. The developed composite gel showed improved gel strength, good swelling ability, and controlled degradation behaviour. It also showed good inject ability with shear thinning properties and hemocompatibility. Further, the biocompatibility and cell adhesion studies of the prepared gels were studied using dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs). The prepared Ch‐PDO gel was biocompatible and showed DFSCs cell attachment. Osteogenic mineralization, RUNX2 and OPN expression of the prepared Ch and Ch‐PDO gel was studied and Ch‐PDO gel showed an enhanced mineralization and RUNX2 and OPN expression showed enhanced osteogenic activity in Ch‐PDO. Therefore, the developed chitin‐PDO gel could be potentially used for bone tissue engineering.
Protective effect of radiofrequency exposure against menadione‐induced oxidative DNA damage in human neuroblastoma cells: The role of exposure duration and investigation on key molecular targets
Authors: Sannino Anna , Allocca Mariateresa , Scarfì Maria R. , Romeo Stefania , Zeni Olga 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn our previous studies, we demonstrated that 20 h pre‐exposure of SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz, UMTS signal, at specific absorption rate of 0.3 and 1.25 W/kg, was able to reduce the oxidative DNA damage induced by a subsequent treatment with menadione in the alkaline comet assay while not inducing genotoxicity per se. In this study, the same cell model was used to test the same experimental conditions by setting different radiofrequency exposure duration and timing along the 72 h culture period. The results obtained in at least three independent experiments indicate that shorter exposure durations than 20 h, that is, 10, 3, and 1 h per day for 3 days, were still capable to exert the protective effect while not inducing DNA damage per se. In addition, to provide some hints into the mechanisms underpinning the observed phenomenon, thioredoxin‐1, heat shock transcription factor 1, heat shock protein 70, and poly [ADP‐ribose] polymerase 1, as key molecular players involved in the cellular stress response, were tested following 3 h of radiofrequency exposure in western blot and qRT‐PCR experiments. No effect resulted from molecular analysis under the experimental conditions adopted.
Do corticosteroids affect immunotherapy efficacy in malignancy? – A systematic review
Authors: Byron Yoni , Yegorova‐Lee Sonya , Tio Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly studies indicated that corticosteroids may limit the survival benefit from immunotherapy. We conducted this systematic review to evaluate the effect corticosteroids have on immunotherapy in patients with malignancy, when adjusted for potentially confounding effects of corticosteroids given for palliative indications.MethodsThree electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Medline) were searched on 1 February 2023. Studies that measured response or survival to immunotherapy in people receiving corticosteroids for non‐cancer indications compared to either no corticosteroids or corticosteroids for cancer‐related indications were included. Studies exclusively evaluating the effect of corticosteroids administered for immune‐related adverse events (irAE) were excluded to avoid immortal time bias. Pooled odds and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot and Egger's regression model.ResultsEight thousand four hundred and twenty‐six titles were identified on our search. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. Administration of corticosteroids does not have a statistically significant effect on survival and response to immunotherapy when administered for non‐cancer‐related indications, with a pooled odds ratio for overall response rate 1.01 (95% CI 0.64–1.60); pooled hazard ratio (HR) for progression free survival 0.87 (95% CI 0.68–1.12); and pooled HR for overall survival 0.79 (95% CI 0.59–1.05).ConclusionThis systematic review indicates that administration of corticosteroids does not affect response to immunotherapy nor survival outcomes, when removing confounding palliative corticosteroid indications. These results are limited by the retrospective nature of the studies included, small sample sizes, lack of information about corticosteroid dosing and the inclusion of irAE in two of the studies which could bias the results.
Clinical supervisors' expectations and experiences with a routine outcome monitoring system in a psychotherapy training service
Authors: Valdiviezo‐Oña Jorge , Ortiz‐Mancheno Nicole , Paz Clara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionRoutine outcome monitoring (ROM) enables data‐informed decision‐making in mental health care, yet its implementation presents both benefits and challenges. To date, the literature on the perception of ROM implementation has extensively focussed on therapists and clients; hence, there is limited information available about the perceptions of supervisors in services that provide training for psychological interventions.MethodsThis qualitative study explored supervisors' expectations and experiences with a web‐based ROM system in a university psychotherapy service. Through semi‐structured interviews and framework analysis, two senior clinical supervisors' perspectives were examined before and after ROM implementation.ResultsExpectations highlighted the need for clinically useful information, adaptability and user‐friendly interfaces. Supervisors anticipated using ROM data for case analysis, training and institutional learning. Following the implementation, supervisors recognised the system's utility in case supervision, enhancing understanding and facilitating learning processes. Perceived challenges included the potential misuse of information, client resistance and technological issues, underscoring the importance of ongoing communication and training during the implementation process. Additionally, supervisors provided some recommendations, such as enhancing system usability, providing comprehensive training, improving client engagement, refining data collection methods and conducting ongoing evaluation of the implementation process and promoting effective communication with clients.ConclusionsThese findings align with previous research, emphasising the significance of system adaptability and user‐friendliness for effective ROM utilisation. Supervisors play a crucial role in fostering collaboration, providing feedback and integrating ROM into supervision. Overall, these insights contribute to refining our ROM implementation processes, as well as guiding future ROM adoption in similar centres interested in involving supervisors.
The Role of Nanomaterials in Diagnosis and Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Veg Ekhlakh , Hashmi Kulsum , Raza Saman , Joshi Seema , Rahman Khan Abdul , Khan Tahmeena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNanomaterials have evolved into the most useful resources in all spheres of life. Their small size imparts them with unique properties and they can also be designed and engineered according to the specific need. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine is particularly quite revolutionary as it has opened new therapeutic avenues to diagnose, treat and manage diseases in an efficient and timely manner. The review article presents the biomedical applications of nanomaterials including bioimaging, magnetic hypothermia and photoablation therapy, with a particular focus on disease diagnosis and targeted drug delivery. Nanobiosensors are highly specific and can be delivered into cells to investigate important biomarkers. They are also used for targeted drug delivery and deliver theranostic agents to specific sites of interest. Other than these factors, the review also explores the role of nano‐based drug delivery systems for the management and treatment of nervous system disorders, tuberculosis and orthopaedics. The nano‐capsulated drugs can be transported by blood to the targeted site for a sustained release over a prolonged period. Some other applications like their role in invasive surgery, photodynamic therapy and quantum dot imaging have also been explored. Despite that, the safety concerns related to nanomedicine are also pertinent to comprehend as well as the biodistribution of NPs in the body and the mechanistic insight.
Acyl Hydrazides as Insecticides: Synthesis, Biochemical, Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies and Insecticidal Activity of some IGRs Analogues Against Spodoptera littorallis (Boisd.)
Authors: Drar Ali M. , AL‐Saadi Thuraya A. A. M. , Thagfan Felwa A. , Hadi Mohamed Rania Ali El , El‐Hady Omar M. , Bakry Moustafa M. S. , Gad Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe exponential rise in pesticide resistance to conventional chemical pesticides is another major factor driving the development of novel insecticidal active agents. One approach to solving this problem is to investigate novel classes and environmentally safe insecticidal chemicals with a variety of modes of action. Among these techniques is the creation of novel tebufenozide derivatives. Tebufenozide belongs to the insect growth regulator class of insecticides and is regarded as one of the safest chemical insecticides ever. The toxicological and biochemical efficiency of each analog was assessed against the Spodoptera littoralis pest in both its second and fourth instar larvae. The bioassay results show that compound 7 was the most effective insecticidal agent, with LC50 values of 10.65 and 18.7 mg/L against S. littoralis larvae in their second and fourth instar larvae, respectively. Finally, it was shown how treatment with the LC50 of the examined substances affected the activity of many enzymes involved in the cuticle production of S. littoralis larvae in their fourth instar. From this study, it was concluded that Acyl hydrazide are helpful for the management of S. littoralis and will be an effective replacement for other synthetic insecticides.
Optical coherence tomography characterization of degradation kinetics between second‐ and third‐generation resorbable magnesium scaffold
Authors: Seguchi Masaru , Baumann‐Zumstein Philine , Fubel Armin , Pritsch Martin , Aytekin Alp , Nicol Philipp , Altevogt Jonas , Joner Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThis preclinical study aimed to establish optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived parameters that could be used in the clinical setting for assessing strut degradation in the third‐generation drug‐eluting resorbable magnesium scaffold (DREAMS‐3G), and characterize the comparative degradation profile against its precursor device (MagmarisTM scaffold).Methods and ResultsTwelve DREAMS‐3G and 10 MagmarisTM scaffolds were implanted in juvenile pigs, and OCT images obtained at baseline and follow‐up (6 or 12 months). Strut degradation was assessed by planimetric analysis and compared with OCT‐derived indices to validate their diagnostic accuracy. A total of 3327 struts of DREAMS‐3G and 2995 struts of the MagmarisTM scaffold were delineated by OCT. DREAMS‐3G exhibited a significantly higher number of visible struts per analyzed frame at 6 months than the MagmarisTM scaffold, in the absence of significant differences at 12 months. Attenuation index (AtI) analysis indicated DREAMS‐3G degradation was less advanced at 6 months but more advanced at 12 months compared to the MagmarisTM scaffold. These OCT‐derived indices significantly correlated with the results of the planimetric analysis.ConclusionThe current preclinical study validated OCT indices that may serve as clinical surrogate markers for scaffold degradation. AtI analysis indicated that DREAMS‐3G showed less degradation at 6 months but more advanced degradation at 12 months compared to the MagmarisTM scaffold, which corroborates the findings from planimetric analysis.
Plasma‐Electrified Synthesis of Atom‐Efficient Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Water Catalysis and Beyond
Authors: Perera Maheshika , Barclay Mitchell , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , MacLeod Jennifer , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe downsizing of metal structures to the nano and atomic level, thereby creating nanoparticle catalysts (NPCs), sub‐nanometer cluster catalysts (SNCCs), or single‐atom catalysts (SACs), has gained significant interest. In particular, synthesizing these types of catalysts using low‐temperature plasma‐electrified methods is an emerging field which is highly applicable to electrochemical water splitting for the sustainable production of green hydrogen. Surface modification via plasma treatment provides a route for nanoparticle immobilization or single‐atom trapping which ensures high atom utilization during electrolysis reactions. Plasma can also be used to create NPCs, SNCCs, and SACs from various precursors as well as modify their surface properties once formed which impacts significantly on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Therefore, in this review we emphasize the role that low‐temperature plasma‐electrified synthetic strategies play in electrocatalyst development for water splitting reactions and explore the crucial relationship between the electronic and coordination environment of atom‐efficient catalysts (AECs) and their resulting catalytic activity. We also discuss methods to characterize these types of catalysts and the possibility of scaling up this technology which will be required for commercial applications.
Isothermal co‐pyrolytic kinetics investigation of polystyrene/polymethyl methacrylate blended Bakelite
Authors: Mahapatra Pabitra Mohan , Gouda Narayan , Pradhan Dipransu , Mishra Prakash Chandra , Mishra Puspanjali , Panda Achyut Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe widespread use of Bakelite, polystyrene (PS), and polymethylmethacralate (PMMA) has caused significant pollution, requiring advanced recycling methods. Pyrolysis, co‐pyrolysis, and catalytic co‐pyrolysis are key for recycling these wastes, necessitating kinetic studies and specific reactor designs of their thermal degradation. Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500°C was used to study thermal degradation kinetics, based on the non‐isothermal degradation zone of Bakelite. The batch pyrolysis of discarded Bakelite and PS/PMMA–Bakelite blends was conducted at 450°C. The thermal decomposition of Bakelite and its blends increases with higher isothermal pyrolytic temperatures. The addition of PS or PMMA to Bakelite substantially accelerates its thermal decomposition. The maximum weight loss of Bakelite, PS–Bakelite, and PMMA–Bakelite are 55%, 96.75%, and 89.51% at 500°C, respectively. The kinetic analysis is crucial for designing specific reactors, utilizing the D1‐diffusion‐based method for Bakelite, with an activation energy (Ea) of 17.178 kJ/mol and Arrhenius constant (A) of 0.095 min−1. The A2‐ and A3‐Avrami–Erofeyev methods explain the isothermal degradation of PS–Bakelite and PMMA–Bakelite blends, with activation energies of 9.031 and 12.59 kJ/mol, and Arrhenius constants of 0.056 and 0.075 min−1, respectively. The co‐pyrolysis of PS–Bakelite yields the highest condensable products (66.76%) and needs the longest reaction time (320 min). The Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses confirm the presence of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and oxygenated compounds in the pyrolytic oils. This study provides unique kinetic parameters and product analyses, showing effects of blending on the decomposition rates and yields valuable compounds, advancing recycling technologies.
Kinetics and catalysis: Direct mechanisms, autonomous reaction pathways, and the constitutive rate function
Authors: Otarod Masood 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRate functions of catalytic reactions are derived from direct mechanisms based on an adsorption theory and a kinetic mathematical model. Often, more than one direct mechanism corresponds to an overall chemical reaction. Since each direct mechanism can potentially produce a distinct rate function, it is likely that more than one independent rate function describes the rate of an overall reaction. This appears to be a fundamental property of the structure of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalysis and this article addresses this possibility via an examination of the independent direct mechanisms of the steam methane reforming and ammonia synthesis.
Isolation of β‐O‐4‐Rich Lignin From Birch in High Yields Enabled by Continuous‐Flow Supercritical Water Treatment
Authors: Rigo Davide , Fechter Tijana , Capanema Ewellyn , Diment Daryna , Alopaeus Marie , Tarasov Dmitry , Cantero Danilo , Balakshin Mikhail 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe continuous flow supercritical water (scH2O) treatment of Birch wood (T=372–382 °C; t=0.3–0.7 s; p=260 bar) followed by alkali extraction of lignin allowed for the isolation of lignin and lignin carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) with a high number of β‐O‐4 moieties in the range 29–57/100 Ar (evaluated by quantitative 13C NMR analysis) in yields ranging between 13–19 wt % with respect to the initial wood. A “lightning rod effect” of carbohydrates has been claimed to explain the low degradation of β‐O‐4 bonds during the process. The structure of the isolated lignin was thoroughly elucidated via comprehensive NMR studies (HSQC, 13C and 31P). A low degree of condensation (DC)<5 % was found for all the lignin samples, which was only slightly dependent on the reaction severity. The number of aliphatic −OH, phenolic −OH, and −COOH groups was in the range 3.37–5.25, 1.41–2.31 and 0.39–0.73 mmol/g, respectively. The number of −COOH groups increased with increased severity, suggesting that oxidation can occur during the scH2O treatment. Furthermore, by simply varying the reaction severity, it was possible to tune important lignin properties, like the molar mass and the glass transition temperature (Tg).
Equivalence and difference of the dual device under test setup and the single device under test setup of RFC 8219
Authors: Lencse Gábor , Szilágyi Szabolcs 
Published: September 2024

SummaryRFC 8219 has defined a comprehensive benchmarking methodology for the IPv6 transition technologies. It recommends two kinds of measurement setups: The dual device under test (DUT) setup facilitates the benchmarking of the customer edge (CE) and provider edge (PE) devices together using a legacy RFC 2544 or RFC 5180 Network Performance Tester, whereas the single DUT setup requires a separate technology‐specific tester for the benchmarking of each device. As such, special‐purpose testers do not exist for the vast majority of the IPv6 transition technologies; the only viable solution can be the usage of the dual DUT setup. In this paper, we investigate if the two kinds of measurement setups provide the same or different results; moreover, we examine how the single DUT measurement results can be estimated from the dual DUT measurement results. To that end, we make theoretical considerations and also perform IPv4 packet forwarding and stateless IP/ICMP translation (SIIT) measurements using both measurement setups and analyze the results of the throughput and latency measurements. It was found that the throughput results of the dual DUT setup could approximate well those of the single DUT setup and their differences followed the predictions of our theoretical considerations. However, the latency results did not always follow the theoretical expectations.
The First Study on the Detection of Microplastic in the Tissues of Cyprinus carpio, Capoeta tinca and Barbus anatolicus in the Kızılırmak River (Nevşehir Region), Türkiye
Authors: Aras Seval , Yakut Şennur Merve , Dulkadiroğlu Hakan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe term ‘microplastics’ is defined as a category of pollutants that are highly prevalent in aquatic environments and have the potential to exert adverse consequences on biological systems. In this study, the presence and diversity of microplastics in the muscle, liver and digestive systems of the fish species Barbus anatolicus, Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta tinca, collected from the River Kızılırmak (Nevşehir), were examined in detail. This waterway flows through densely populated areas and empties into the Black Sea. Eighty‐two microplastics were identified in the muscle tissue of the fish, 74 in the liver and 208 in the digestive system. The majority of these microplastics were white and fibre‐shaped. The microplastics detected were of various plastic types, including polyamide, polypropylene, nylon, polyethylene and polyester. The findings of this study demonstrate the significant impact of human activity on the environment, with the presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems and living tissues.
Continuous Flow Spirocyclization Reactions: Towards Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Spiropenicillanates
Authors: Alves Américo J. S. , Silvestre João A. D. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe the development of a continuous flow approach to chiral spiropenicillanates with remarkable bioactive properties from 6‐alkylidenepenicillanates through phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of allenoates or 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with diphenyldiazomethane. Model reactions were carried out using simple alkenes, such as methyl vinyl ketone and N‐substituted maleimides, leading to the corresponding products in excellent yields (up to 96 %). The [3+2] annulation reaction was subsequently extended to the reactivity of 6‐alkylidenepenicillanates, a more complex 2π‐component with an exocyclic carbon‐carbon double bond, allowing the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions between 6‐alkylidenepenicillanates and diphenyldiazomethane under continuous flow conditions gave the corresponding spiro‐1‐pyrazolinepenicillanates in high yields (up to 81 %). Thermal ring contraction, via N2 extrusion, of spiro‐1‐pyrazolinepenicillanates under continuous flow conditions led to spirocyclopropanepenicillanates in quantitative yields. The continuous flow proved to be an efficient methodology for the synthesis of spiropenicillanates and represents a more sustainable approach for the larger‐scale synthesis of spiropenicillanates with relevant biological activity.