bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of family‐based treatment for full and partial adolescent anorexia nervosa in an independent private practice setting: Clinical outcomes
Authors: Goldstein Mandy , Murray Stuart B. , Griffiths Scott , Rayner Kathryn , Podkowka Jessica , Bateman Joel E. , Wallis Andrew , Thornton Christopher E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric illness with little evidence supporting treatment in adults. Among adolescents with AN, family‐based treatment (FBT) is considered first‐line outpatient approach, with a growing evidence base. However, research on FBT has stemmed from specialist services in research/public health settings. This study investigated the effectiveness of FBT in a case series of adolescent AN treated in a private practice setting.MethodThirty‐four adolescents with full or partial AN, diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria, participated, and were assessed at pretreatment and post‐treatment. Assessments included change in % expected body weight, mood, and eating pathology.ResultsSignificant weight gain was observed from pretreatment to post‐treatment. 45.9% of the sample demonstrated full weight restoration and a further 43.2% achieved partial weight‐based remission. Missing data precluded an examination of change in mood and ED psychopathology.DiscussionEffective dissemination across different service types is important to the wider availability of evidence‐based treatments. These weight restoration data lend preliminary support to the implementation of FBT in real world treatment settings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1023–1026)
Do differences in life‐history traits and the timing of peak mating activity between host‐associated populations of Chilo suppressalis have a genetic basis?
Authors: Quan Wei‐Li , Liu Wen , Zhou Rui‐Qi , Qureshi Sundas Rana , Ding Nan , Ma Wei‐Hua , Lei Chao‐Liang , Wang Xiao‐Ping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe development of host races, genetically distinct populations of the same species with different hosts, is considered to be the initial stage of ecological speciation. Ecological and biological differences consistent with host race formation have been reported between water‐oat and rice‐associated populations of Chilo suppressalis. In order to confirm whether these differences have a genetic basis, we conducted experiments to determine the extent to which various life‐history traits and the time of peak mating activity of these populations were influenced by the species of host plant larvae were raised on. Individuals from each population were reared for three consecutive generations on either water‐oat fruit pulp or rice seedlings. Descendants of both populations had higher larval survival rates, shorter larval developmental periods, higher pupal weight, and longer adult forewings, when reared on water‐oats than when reared on rice. The time of peak of mating activity differed between the descendants of each population, irrespective of whether they were raised on water‐oats or rice. These results indicate that although some life‐history traits of host‐associated populations of C. suppressalis are influenced by the host plant larvae are raised on, time of peak mating activity is not. Because it is a stable, objective, phenotypic trait, further research on difference in the time of peak mating activity between host‐associated populations of C. suppressalis should be conducted to clarify the mechanism responsible for host race formation in this species.
Does habitat unpredictability promote the evolution of a colonizer syndrome in amphibian metapopulations?
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Boualit Laurent , Arsovski Dragan , Bonnaire Eric , Pichenot Julian , Bellec Arnaud , Miaud Claude , Léna Jean‐Paul , Joly Pierre , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDispersal is a central component of life history evolution. An increasing number of studies suggest that spatiotemporally variable environments may promote the evolution of “dispersal syndromes,” consisting of covariation patterns between dispersal and morphological, physiological, behavioral, and life history traits. At the interspecific scale, the “colonizer syndrome” appears to be one of the most frequently recorded associations between dispersal and life history traits, linking a high dispersal rate, high fecundity, and a short lifespan as systematically combined adaptations in spatiotemporally varying environments. However, few studies have highlighted the existence of a “colonizer syndrome” at the intraspecific scale, and none have investigated how different degrees of habitat stochasticity might shape covariation patterns between dispersal and life history traits. In this study, we examined this issue in free‐ranging metapopulations of the yellow‐bellied toad (Bombina variegata) using capture–recapture data. Combining the results of this study with another recent study, we found that a high dispersal rate, high fecundity, and a short lifespan are associated in metapopulations experiencing unpredictable environments. In contrast, a very low dispersal rate (close to zero), low fecundity and a long lifespan are associated in metapopulations occupying predictable environments. We discuss these results as well as their demographic and evolutionary consequences.
The influence of crusher speed on extra virgin olive oil characteristics
Authors: Guerrini Lorenzo , Migliorini Marzia , Giusti Matteo , Parenti Alessandro 
Published: June 2016

Milling is an aspect of olive oil production that has received very little attention, and there have been very few studies of the relationship between crusher speed and oil quality. This work compares the effect of three blade cutter crusher speeds used in an industrial plant on the main olive oil chemical and sensory parameters, at two points in time: immediately post‐production, and after eight month of storage. The ANOVA results showed that faster crushing significantly increases chlorophyll and total biophenol content. Secoiridoids are particularly affected and concentrations of 3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA and p‐DHPEA‐EDA significantly varied in oils milled at different speeds. From the lowest to the highest speed a difference of roughly 50 mg/kg (on about 400 mg/kg) for total biophenols, and about 40 mg/kg of 3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA is found. Panel testing found higher bitterness and astringency scores in oils produced at the higher speed. These findings suggest that crushing speed can be used to characterize olive oils.Practical applications: Crushing speed is easy to change in olive mills, and could be used to control the sensory and nutraceutical profile of extra virgin olive oil through its effect on bitterness, astringency, and phenolic content parameters. Hence, it is very useful to have a better understanding of the relationship between crushing speed and olive oil characteristics.Crushing speed can be used to characterize olive oils. Faster crushing significantly increases chlorophyll, total biophenol, 3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA, and p‐DHPEA‐EDA. Panel testing found higher bitterness and astringency scores in oils produced at the higher speed.
Comparison of Nickel and Cobalt Mixed‐Metal Ferrites for Hydrogen Production using Chemical Looping
Authors: Aston Victoria J. , Weimer Alan W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA simple model of the chemical‐looping hydrogen‐production system was developed to investigate the syngas reduction of and H2O/O2 oxidation of Fe2O3, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4. The model was used to calculate the metal oxide reduction conversion in a packed‐bed reactor (PBR) before breakthrough of CO/H2, the reduction product gas composition, the steam necessary to fully oxidize the reduced material, and the steam‐associated energy requirements and to analyze the possibility of hybrid H2O/O2 oxidation for H2 and electricity generation. Model results were compared to laboratory PBR experimental results with additional analysis by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and temperature‐programmed reduction for each material. Use of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 was found to increase the flexibility of the chemical‐looping hydrogen process, which allowed more H2 production than is currently possible with Fe‐based materials while maintaining the ability for electricity generation from supplemental O2 oxidation. The mixed‐metal spinel materials were ideally suited for converting lower quality syngas into H2 by lower temperature reactions.
Microcystins affect zooplankton biodiversity in oxbow lakes
Authors: Krztoń Wojciech , Pudaś Krzysztof , Pociecha Agnieszka , Strzesak Magdalena , Kosiba Joanna , Walusiak Edward , Szarek-Gwiazda Ewa , Wilk-Woźniak Elżbieta 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The authors tested the hypothesis that zooplankton diversity and density are affected by the presence of cyanotoxins in the water. The authors focused on 4 oxbow lakes of the Vistula River in southern Poland, which are subjected to mass cyanobacterial development. In 2 of the oxbows (Piekary and Tyniec), microcystins released into the water were found. The highest concentration of microcystins (0.246 μg/L) was observed for microcystins LR. Zooplankton diversity showed a weak response to the presence of microcystins released into the water. The Shannon index (H') of total zooplankton diversity decreased in the Piekary and Tyniec oxbows during periods when the microcystin concentrations were highest. The same trend was noted for diversity of rotifers in both oxbows and for diversity of copepods in Piekary, but not for copepods in Tyniec. No such trends were found for the diversity of cladocerans in any of the oxbows, nor was a relationship found between density of zooplankton and microcystins. Statistical analyses showed that the number of species in individual samples was negatively correlated with the levels of sulfates, phosphates, and ammonia, but the microcystin concentration was positively related to those levels. This points to the complexity of the interactions and synergies among toxins, abiotic factors, and zooplankton biodiversity. In focusing on the problem of cyanotoxins, conservation studies should pay attention to this complexity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:165–174. © 2016 SETAC
Folic acid advisories: a public health challenge?
Authors: Herrera‐Araujo Daniel 
Published: June 2016

SummaryNeural tube defects are neurological conditions affecting one in 1000 fetuses in France each year. If a fetus is affected, there is a 90% chance that the pregnancy will be terminated. Increasing folic acid intake to 400μg per day 2months before and 2months after conception reduces prevalence rates by at least 40%. In 2005, France introduced a social marketing campaign seeking to increase the intake of folic acid by to‐be‐pregnant and pregnant women through information provision. This paper sets up a quasi‐experimental setting to measure the impact of the French social marketing campaign on availability and preferences for folic acid. I combine detailed scanner data on grocery purchases with a dataset on macronutrients and micronutrients. The identification strategy exploits the variation in the usefulness of folic acid information between households: households that are pregnant or want to conceive a child use it, while those that are not pregnant do not. Results suggest evidence of a positive impact of the information campaign on folic acid household availability and preferences. A value per statistical neural tube defects case is found to be of at least 12 million. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell structure imaging with bright and homogeneous nanometric light source
Authors: Fukuta Masahiro , Ono Atsushi , Nawa Yasunori , Inami Wataru , Shen Lin , Kawata Yoshimasa , Terekawa Susumu 
Published: June 2016

Label‐free optical nano‐imaging of dendritic structures and intracellular granules in biological cells is demonstrated using a bright and homogeneous nanometric light source. The optical nanometric light source is excited using a focused electron beam. A zinc oxide (ZnO) luminescent thin film was fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to produce the nanoscale light source. The ZnO film formed by ALD emitted the bright, homogeneous light, unlike that deposited by another method. The dendritic structures of label‐free macrophage receptor with collagenous structure‐expressing CHO cells were clearly visualized below the diffraction limit. The inner fiber structure was observed with 120 nm spatial resolution. Because the bright homogeneous emission from the ZnO film suppresses the background noise, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for the imaging results was greater than 10. The ALD method helps achieve an electron beam excitation assisted microscope with high spatial resolution and high SNR.
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Efficacy and safety of erythrocytapheresis and low‐dose erythropoietin for treatment of hemochromatosis
Authors: Brückl Dorothea , Kamhieh‐Milz Sundrela , Kamhieh‐Milz Julian , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: June 2016

Background:The aim of this study was to determine retrospectively the efficacy of combined therapy using erythropoietin (EPO) and erythrocytapheresis (EA) in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) who did not tolerate phlebotomy.Patients and Methods:Twenty patients (age range, 43–74 years) with genetically confirmed HH had received low‐dose EPO (4,000 IU) in accordance to the patient's hemoglobin levels between each EA session. Laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin, and iron were measured at regular intervals.Results:Anemia did not occur in a single patient and no serious side effects were observed. Combined treatment with EPO and EA was well tolerated, and all 18 patients who suffered from fatigue prior to therapy recovered. Median ferritin values were 678.5 ng/L before treatment and 145 ng/L after treatment.Conclusion:EA in combination with EPO is safe and effective in treating patients with HH. Prospective studies comparing this therapeutic option to phlebotomy are warranted. J. Clin. Apheresis 32:170–174, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of cloud and humidity on atmospheric extinction coefficient derived from visual range observations in Iranian major airports
Authors: Sabetghadam Samaneh , Khoshsima Masoud , Ahmadi‐Givi Farhang 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTVisibility impairment, one of the restricting phenomena for aviation, results from light scattering and absorption. In this study, the historical visibility database for the period of 1981–2010 is used to obtain extinction coefficient according to the Koschmieder theory in the four busiest airports in Iran, including Tehran‐Mehrabad, Mashhad, Shiraz and Isfahan. The long‐term trend of extinction coefficient and its seasonal variations are investigated using 10th and 90th percentiles of extinction data to show the visual range in each airport. Correlation of the long‐term visibility trend with relative humidity (RH) and cloudiness is also examined. The comparison of seasonal mean extinctions shows the noticeable effect of local climate. The highest extinction coefficient value in each airport is seen during winter, while the lowest value occurs in summer. The seasonal mean extinction coefficient level in winter is about 0.1 km−1 higher than those of the other seasons. This is likely due to pollutants trapped by the stagnant cold air that partly obstruct visibility and increase the extinction in wintertime. There is not an outstanding variation of the tenth percentile of the extinction coefficient in the four airports. The low variation may relate to the definition of the upper threshold in visibility. Analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between extinction and humidity in all the airports that indicates the increase of scattering by hygroscopic particles with increasing humidity, such effect would be accentuated in high RH. The same result is seen for different percentages of cloudiness. To minimize the effects of humidity and cloudiness on the long‐term visibility trend, the days with the relative humidity values more than 70% and cloudiness of more than 5/8 of the sky are removed from the visibility trend analysis. The trends of the screened days are nearly parallel to the trends of raw data, but with a slight difference in each airport. The overall filtered long‐term trends show the increase of extinction coefficient at all the airports that emphasize the effect of pollution on the trend of light extinction within the whole period of this study. Eliminating the meteorological factors from the raw data does not change the overall increasing trend of extinction at Tehran and Isfahan airports. It suggests that the changes in air quality are responsible for the long‐term visibility degradation at these two stations that are located in the two most highly industrialized and polluted cities in Iran.
CD146 defines commitment of cultured annulus fibrosus cells to express a contractile phenotype
Authors: Nakai Tomoko , Sakai Daisuke , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Nukaga Tadashi , Grad Sibylle , Li Zhen , Alini Mauro , Chan Danny , Masuda Koichi , Ando Kiyoshi , Mochida Joji , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCharacterization of cells is important for facilitating cell‐based therapies for degenerative diseases of intervertebral discs. For this purpose, we analyzed mouse annulus fibrosus cells by flowcytometory to detect phenotypic change in their primary cultures. After examination of sixteen cell surface proteins, we focused on CD146 that solely increased during culture expansion. CD146 is known to be a marker for mesenchymal stem cells and for their vascular smooth muscle commitment with expression of contractile phenotype enhanced by SM22α. We sorted CD146+ cells to elucidate their characteristics and the key factors that play a role in this change. Whole cell cultures showed the ability for tripotent differentiation toward mesenchymal lineages, whereas sorted CD146+ cells did not. Expression of CD146 was elevated by addition of transforming growth factor β1, and sorted CD146+ cells expressed higher levels of mRNA for SM22α and Elastin than did CD146− cells. Morphologically, CD146+ cells more broadly deposited extracellular type I collagen than CD146− cells and showed filamentous actin bundles traversing their cytoplasm and cell–cell junctions. Moreover, CD146+ cells demonstrated significantly higher gel contraction properties than CD146− cells when they were embedded in collagen gels. Human annulus fibrosus CD146+ cells also showed higher contractility. Immunohistochemistry determined CD146+ cells localized to the outermost annulus layers of mouse intervertebral disc tissue with co‐expression of SM22α. These results suggest that increment of CD146 expression indicates gradual change of cultured annulus fibrosus cells to express a contractile phenotype and that transforming growth factor β1 enhances this cellular commitment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1361–1372, 2016.
The effect of pentosanase on the solubilisation and degradation of arabinoxylan extracted from whole and refined wheat flour
Authors: Yang Wei , Jiang Zhijian , Liu Liya , Lin Yanjun , Wang Li , Zhou Sumei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality improvement capability of pentosanase (Pn) for whole‐wheat Chinese steamed bread (CSB) is not as efficient as that for refined CSB. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this work, water‐extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) and water‐unextractable solids (WUS) were extracted from whole and refined wheat flour, and then treated with Pn under the conditions similar to CSB‐making. Solubilisation and degradation of arabinoxylan (AX) caused by Pn treatment were determined.RESULTSWEAX from whole flour exhibited higher molecular weight than that from refined flour before and after the treatment with equivalent Pn. Compared with WUS from refined flour, WUS from whole flour had a much lower dissolution degree but the degradation of AX released from the WUS was more efficiently. Moreover, AX released from WUS for refined flour showed a higher Ara/Xyl ratio and the percentage of residual ferulic acid in WUS decreased more significantly.CONCLUSIONThe difference in quality improvement degree for Pn in whole‐wheat and refined CSB might be mainly explained by its effect on WUS. That is, Pn contributed much more to the solubilisation of WUS from refined flour but provoked degradation predominantly on AX solubilised from WUS isolated from whole flour. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Atrophy of the tongue following complete versus partial hypoglossal nerve transection in a canine model
Authors: Chambers Kyle J. , Anthony Douglas C. , Randolph Gregory W. , Hartnick Christopher J. , Stopa Edward G. , Song Phillip C. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe hypoglossal nerve (XII) has been used as a donor nerve in facial and laryngeal reinnervation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuromuscular changes that occur within the tongue following partial or complete transection of XII using a canine model.Study DesignHistopathological comparison of tongue denervation following two types of XII resection in a canine model.MethodsTen adult canines underwent complete unilateral resection of XII or resection of only the medial terminal branch of the hypoglossal nerve (mXII). After 6 months of recovery, tongue specimens were analyzed histopathologically using whole cross‐sections. Routine histologic sections were assessed by two neuropathologists blinded to the type of denervation. The cross‐sectional area was calculated of both sides of the tongue, and the amount of myosin was quantified morphometrically using immunohistochemistry for myosin (antimyosin heavy chain, fast isotype). Statistical comparison between partial and complete denervation was performed using the Student t test.ResultsSix months following XII transection, quantitative measures of the cross‐sectional area of the tongue and content of myosin demonstrated severe muscle atrophy on the operated side of the tongue for both groups, compared to the nonoperated side. For partial transection involving only mXII, the degree of atrophy was less severe (P < .05).ConclusionsThis study provides new histological information demonstrating that partial resection of the hypoglossal nerve, sacrificing only the proximal medial branch of the hypoglossal nerve (mXII), results in less severe atrophy of the tongue than complete transection of the entire hypoglossal nerve.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2689–2693, 2016
Tuning the Selectivity of Biodegradable Antimicrobial Cationic Polycarbonates by Exchanging the Counter‐Anion
Authors: Isik Mehmet , Tan Jeremy P. K. , Ono Robert J. , Sanchez‐Sanchez Ana , Mecerreyes David , Yang Yi Yan , Hedrick James L. , Sardon Haritz 
Published: June 2016

There is a growing interest in modern healthcare to develop systems able to fight antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial cationic biodegradable polymers able to mimic antimicrobial peptides have shown to be effective against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In these systems, the hydrophilic–hydrophobic ratio and the cationic charge density play a pivotal role in defining the killing efficiency. Nevertheless, many of these antimicrobial polymers show relatively low selectivity as defined by the relative toxicity to mammalian cells or hemolysis relative to pathogens. In this study, a series of polycarbonates containing pendant quaternary ammoniums are used to understand the role of different counter‐anions including chloride, citrate, malonate, benzoate, acetate, lactate and trifluoroacetate, and the antibiotic penicillin on antimicrobial efficacy and selectivity. Interestingly, it is found that in spite of the strong antimicrobial activity of trifluoroacetate and benzoate anions, they prove to be much less hemolytic than chloride anion. It is believed that the proper selection of the anion could enhance the potential of antimicrobial polymers to fight against clinically relevant pathogenic infections, while concurrently mitigating harmful side effects.image