bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Diazotrophy in the Acetylene-Fermenting Anaerobe Pelobacter sp. Strain SFB93
Authors: Akob Denise M. , Baesman Shaun M. , Sutton John M. , Fierst Janna L. , Mumford Adam C. , Shrestha Yesha , Poret-Peterson Amisha T. , Bennett Stacy , Dunlap Darren S. , Haase Karl B. , Oremland Ronald S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Acetylene (C
2
H
2
) is a trace constituent of the present Earth's oxidizing atmosphere, reflecting a mixture of terrestrial and marine emissions from anthropogenic, biomass-burning, and unidentified biogenic sources. Fermentation of acetylene was serendipitously discovered during C
2
H
2
block assays of N
2
O reductase, and
Pelobacter acetylenicus
was shown to grow on C
2
H
2
via acetylene hydratase (AH). AH is a W-containing, catabolic, low-redox-potential enzyme that, unlike nitrogenase (N
2
ase), is specific for acetylene. Acetylene fermentation is a rare metabolic process that is well characterized only in
P. acetylenicus
DSM3246 and DSM3247 and
Pelobacter
sp. strain SFB93. To better understand the genetic controls for AH activity, we sequenced the genomes of the three acetylene-fermenting
Pelobacter
strains. Genome assembly and annotation produced three novel genomes containing gene sequences for AH, with two copies being present in SFB93. In addition, gene sequences for all five compulsory genes for iron-molybdenum N
2
ase were also present in the three genomes, indicating the cooccurrence of two acetylene transformation pathways. Nitrogen fixation growth assays showed that DSM3426 could ferment acetylene in the absence of ammonium, but no ethylene was produced. However, SFB93 degraded acetylene and, in the absence of ammonium, produced ethylene, indicating an active N
2
ase. Diazotrophic growth was observed under N
2
but not in experimental controls incubated under argon. SFB93 exhibits acetylene fermentation and nitrogen fixation, the only known biochemical mechanisms for acetylene transformation. Our results indicate complex interactions between N
2
ase and AH and suggest novel evolutionary pathways for these relic enzymes from early Earth to modern days.

IMPORTANCE
Here we show that a single
Pelobacter
strain can grow via acetylene fermentation and carry out nitrogen fixation, using the only two enzymes known to transform acetylene. These findings provide new insights into acetylene transformations and adaptations for nutrient (C and N) and energy acquisition by microorganisms. Enhanced understanding of acetylene transformations (i.e., extent, occurrence, and rates) in modern environments is important for the use of acetylene as a potential biomarker for extraterrestrial life and for degradation of anthropogenic contaminants.
Fifteen-minute consultation—the child with a developmental disability: is there an ocular or visual abnormality?
Authors: Salt Alison , Sargent Jenefer 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo present a structured approach for an outpatient consultation for a child with developmental disability who may have an ocular or visual disorder.MethodReview of relevant literature and description of the approach to ocular and visual assessment which could be used by any paediatrician.ConclusionA systematic approach to history, observation and examination of a child with a developmental disability will assist in identifying a possible visual problem. A structured referral letter will ensure that the child will receive the most appropriate assessment to clarify the problem and appropriate management in the eye clinic.
Improving the transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care: the pediatric care provider's perspective in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Nakhla Meranda , Bell Lorraine E , Wafa Sarah , Dasgupta Kaberi 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe transition from pediatric to adult care is a high-risk period for the emerging adult with diabetes. We aimed to determine adequacy of pediatric transition care structures and explore the pediatric diabetes care provider's perceptions of transition care.Research design and methodsIn-depth interviews with pediatric diabetes care providers from 12 diabetes centers in Quebec were conducted. We queried alignment with Got Transition's six core elements of healthcare transition, experiences, and barriers to transition care. Interview transcripts were reviewed for themes.ResultsThree centers (25%) reported having any elements of formal and structured transition care preparation and planning. When referrals were within center (n=8), pediatric providers perceived that transition was smoother; information sharing relied heavily on verbal communication rather than documented medical summaries. Barriers included lack of adult providers, less flexibility in adult care scheduling, patient struggles with multiple new adult responsibilities, and insufficient understanding by adult providers of these challenges. There was a perception that the quality of pediatric care was better than adult care. Moving out of the pediatric care geographical region appeared to increase risk for poor follow-up. Patient satisfaction and regular follow-up in adult care were thought to be good measures of transition success. Programs that included overlap between pediatric and adult care were perceived as ideal.ConclusionsImportant gaps in transition care practices persist. Efforts should focus on improving education in transition practices for pediatric care providers and establishing formal transition policies and structures at the institutional level.
Suitable support for anxious hospice patients: what do nurses ‘know’, ‘do’ and ‘need’? An explanatory mixed method study
Authors: Zweers Danielle , de Graaf Everlien , Teunissen Saskia 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo provide insight into what nurses know, do and need to provide support to anxious patients in hospice care (HC).MethodsA mixed method study consisted of an online survey and focus groups (FGs) about what nurses know, do, and need was conducted. 336 HC nurses were invited to participate. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS. The χ2and t-tests were conducted to compare. The FGs were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.ResultsThe survey was completed by 265 nurses (79%), and five FGs (n=25) were conducted. Most nurses had >10 years working experience; mean age was 52. The majority (59%) felt that they were equipped with sufficient knowledge; however, lack of knowledge (31%) as well as lack of time (50%) were hampering factors. Identification of anxiety was difficult due to the variety of its expression. Tools for identifying were used by 37%. Interventions were generally chosen intuitively. A major responsibility was experienced in caring for patients with panic attacks during late night shifts, making immediate decisions necessary.ConclusionThis study highlights the struggles of nurses caring for anxious patients in HC. Anxiety management is dependent on the competencies and preferences of the individual nurse. One-third of the nurses require additional training. According to HC nurses, the intervention set should include guidelines for applying assessment tools, effective communication strategies and decision models as well as prediction models in order to select tailored interventions. Future research should focus on patients’ perspectives in order to understand crucial measures for anxiety management.
PD-L1 protein expression in tumour cells and immune cells in mismatch repair protein-deficient and -proficient colorectal cancer: the foundation study using the SP142 antibody and whole section immunohistochemistry
Authors: El Jabbour Tony , Ross Jeffrey S , Sheehan Christine E , Affolter Kajsa E , Geiersbach Katherine B , Boguniewicz Ann , Ainechi Sanaz , Bronner Mary P , Jones David M , Lee Hwajeong 
Published: July 2017

AimsRoutine application of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited due to lack of standardized scoring criteria, antibody clones, and intratumoral staining heterogeneity. We assessed PD-L1 protein expression on full face CRC tissue sections and applied two algorithms based on the published clinical trials that support the recent FDA approval for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsPD-L1/CD274 IHC (Roche/Ventana, clone SP142) was performed on representative tumour blocks from 52 mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D) and 52 MMR-proficient (MMR-P) CRCs. Membranous PD-L1 expression was scored for the tumour cell (TC) and tumour-infiltrating immune cell (IC) components. PD-L1 positivity status was determined based on the published NSCLC clinical trials that utilized the Ventana SP142 assay. Hybrid capture-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed on a separate set of 2268 clinically advanced CRCs and the frequency of PD-L1/PD-L2 amplification was determined.ResultsPD-L1 expression in the TC and IC correlated with MMR-D (p=0.013, p<0.0001), T stage (p=0.036, p=0.0036) and clinical stage (p=0.022, p=0.0037). PD-L1 positivity status correlated with MMR-D by two algorithms. Five of 2268 (<1%) advansced CRCs demonstrated amplification of either thePD-L1orPD-L2genes by CGP.ConclusionsPD-L1 expression in TC and IC is associated with advanced stage and MMR-D. PD-L1 positivity status by the published algorithm is associated with MMR-D.PD-L1amplification is extremely uncommon in CRC. Evaluation of whole tissue section and incorporation of IC staining enhance the sensitivity to screen patients who may benefit from ICPI therapy.
Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope Predicts Poor Outcome in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Tang Yi , Luo Qin , Liu Zhihong , Ma Xiuping , Zhao Zhihui , Huang Zhiwei , Gao Liu , Jin Qi , Xiong Changming , Ni Xinhai 
Published: July 2017

Background

Few published studies have evaluated the power of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (
OUES
) to predict outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (
IPAH
), who typically die of right‐sided heart failure. Our study sought to evaluate the power of
OUES
to predict clinical worsening and mortality in patients with
IPAH
.

Methods and Results

Patients with newly diagnosed
IPAH
who underwent symptom‐limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing from November 11, 2010, to June 25, 2015, in our hospital were prospectively enrolled and followed for up to 66 months. Clinical worsening and mortality were recorded. A total of 210 patients with
IPAH
(159 women; mean age, 32±10 years) were studied with a median follow‐up of 41 months. Thirty‐one patients died, 1 patient underwent lung transplantation, and 85 patients presented with clinical worsening. The univariate analysis revealed that
OUES
,
OUESI
(
OUESI
=
OUES
/body surface area), peak oxygen uptake (

V
˙

O
2

), peak

V
˙

O
2

/
kg

, ventilation (

V
˙

E

)/carbon dioxide output (

V
˙

CO
2

) slope, peak systolic blood pressure, heart rate recovery, pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac index, N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, and World Health Organization functional class were all predictive of clinical worsening and mortality (all
P
<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that
OUESI
and cardiac index were independently predictive of clinical worsening, and
OUESI
and N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide were independently predictive of mortality. Patients with
OUESI
≤0.52 m
−2
had a worse 5‐year survival rate than patients with
OUESI
>0.52 m
−2
(41.9% versus 89.8%,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

The
OUES
, a submaximal parameter obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing, provides prognostic information for predicting clinical worsening and mortality in patients with
IPAH
.
The Contribution of Inflammation to the Development of Hypertension Mediated by Increased Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Tomiyama Hirofumi , Shiina Kazuki , Matsumoto‐Nakano Chisa , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Komatsu Shunsuke , Kimura Kazutaka , Chikamori Taishiro , Yamashina Akira 
Published: July 2017

Background
The mechanisms underlying the possible contribution of chronic inflammation to the development of hypertension remain unclear. We examined the longitudinal association of inflammation with the progression of vascular and/or renal abnormalities in the development of hypertension.

Methods and Results

In 3274 middle‐aged Japanese men without hypertension at the study baseline, brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum CRP (C reactive protein) levels were measured annually during a 9‐year period. During this study period, 474 participants (14.5%) developed hypertension. Analysis of the repeated‐measures data revealed that sustained elevation of serum
CRP
levels was associated with a longitudinal increase of the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity. A linear mixed model analysis revealed that higher log‐transformed serum
CRP
values (log
CRP
) at each measurement were associated with a higher annual increase of the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (estimate=32.553±11.635 cm/s per log
CRP
,
P
=0.018), and that higher values of the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity at each measurement were associated with a higher annual elevation of blood pressure (estimate=0.025±0.002 mm Hg per log
CRP
,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
In middle‐aged Japanese men without hypertension at study baseline, long‐term active inflammation appears to be associated with a longitudinal increase of arterial stiffness. In turn, this longitudinal increase of arterial stiffness appears to be associated with longitudinal elevation of blood pressure to the hypertensive range. Thus, systemic inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension by the progression of arterial stiffness.
Two‐Year Changes in Proteinuria and the Risk of Stroke in the Chinese Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Anxin , Liu Xiaoxue , Su Zhaoping , Chen Shuohua , Zhang Nan , Wu Shouling , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong 
Published: July 2017

Background
Whether changes in proteinuria are associated with incident stroke in the general population is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in proteinuria and incident stroke and its subtypes.

Methods and Results

The current study included 60 940 Chinese participants (mean age, 50.69 years) who were free of stroke at the time of surveys (2006–2007 and 2008–2009). Participants were divided into 4 categories according to 2‐year changes in proteinuria: no proteinuria, remittent proteinuria, incident proteinuria, and persistent proteinuria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and their 95%
CI
s for stroke. After a median follow‐up period of 6.92 years, 1769 individuals developed stroke. After adjustment for confounding factors, incident proteinuria and persistent proteinuria were associated with increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.46 [95%
CI
, 1.26–1.68] and hazard ratio, 1.71 [95%
CI
, 1.42–2.06], respectively) compared with no proteinuria, which were higher than proteinuria detected at one single point (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95%
CI
, 1.09–1.43). The effect size for risk of stroke subtypes including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke was similar.

Conclusions
Changes in proteinuria exposure, particularly persistent proteinuria, are more likely to reflect the risk of stroke, compared with proteinuria collected at a single time point in the general population.
Some Further Experiments in The Perception of Resonant Consonants
Authors: Obrecht Dean H. , Babcock William R. 
Published: July 2017

A series of forty-eight stimulus patterns were painted and converted to sound by the pattern playback. Variations were made in F2 transition frequencies, in the frequency of F1 resonances, and in the presence or absence of resonances in the F2 and F3 regions. The test was administered for identification as /m, n, ñ, ŋ, or 1/. Subjects were only partially naive in some cases. Results indicate that the principal discrimination cues are definitely the F2 transition onset frequency and the frequency of the F1 resonance portion. F2 and F3 resonances apparently operate as powerful cues only in the presence of maximally ambiguous F2 information.
Spectral Analysis of Fluctuations in Sound Energy in Certain Insects and Humans
Authors: Fischer Roland , England S. J. M. 
Published: July 2017

Power density spectra of the fluctuations in sound energy are presented in stridulations emitted by Pterophylla Camellifolia. The original emplitude recording, used for the computation of power spectra, reveals a characteristic temporal pause-stridulation-pause pattern possibly related to the insect's available metabolic energy. It is suggested that power spectra be used not only for insect identification and philogenetic characterization, but also to define normal as well as pathological speech patterns including the tracing of possible genetic involvement of speech defects by analysis of the speech of siblings and parents of probands.
The Effect on Word Recognition of the Frequency of Word Association
Authors: Gross Herbert S. 
Published: July 2017

The subjects' task in the present experiment was the recognition of the second of a pair of freely associated words, tachistoscopically presented. A stimulus word from a word association test is used as a “set-inducing” word. It was predicted that response words which are frequent associates of the set-inducing word would be more quickly recognized than response words that are infrequently associated with the set-inducing word. High-frequency associates were found to yield shorter recognition times than two other classes of matched infrequent associates and the results are significant beyond the 0.05 level.
Symmetry of Clauses and the Psychological Significance of Left-Branching
Authors: Goldman-Eisler Frieda , Cohen Michele 
Published: July 2017

This paper deals with the questions of symmetry in sentence clauses, and of the psychological significance of left-branching. Texts based on spontaneous and prepared speech, drawn from populations ranging from political speakers to schizophrenic patients were analysed. The results showed that symmetry is not a characteristic of clauses and longer clauses consisting of five or more words to the left or right of the verb, or both, showed a significant tendency towards asymmetry. Measures of left-branching (LB) were thus shown to be independent of or inversely related to measures of right branching (RB). The comparative study of LB as well as RB in respect of individual consistency and psychological significance showed LB to be a discriminative and individually consistent measure and consequently a psychological indicator while RB did not qualify as such.
Syntactic and Strategic Aspects of the Comprehension of Indirect and Direct Object Constructions By Children
Authors: Scholes Robert J. , Tanis David C. , Turner Angela 
Published: July 2017

One hundred children aged five to thirteen were asked to demonstrate their comprehension of ambiguous and unambiguous double-object constructions of English sentences. In the unambiguous cases article or disjuncture clues were used to indicate which words of the sentence predicates belonged to the indirect and direct object constituents. Results indicate that children tend to prefer a reading of the ambiguous sentences in which the last two nominal elements of nominal + nominal + nominal predicates are assigned to the direct object (as opposed to assigning only the last noun to the direct object). For unambiguous sentences, the younger children have great difficulty in correctly assigning the indicated constituent structure while the older children (and adults) have little difficulty. The use of the article as the indicator of constituent structure is found to be, for the children, a superior clue to the use of disjuncture, and the acquisition of the two comprehensional skills appears to proceed independently.
The Impact of SADC Trade on Energy Use
Authors: Kohler Marcel 
Published: July 2017

SADC’s competitiveness in many industrial products is dependent on its abundant natural resources, resulting in significant trade in natural resource (and in some cases energy) based products. These mining and manufacturing goods have benefited from the region’s policy of subsidising industrial energy prices. There is thus sufficient reason to believe that SADC’s trade in industrial goods has a significant impact on the energy requirements of the countries within the region. This study adopts a structural input-output approach to test the extent to which this hypothesis is valid. The effects that SADC industry trade components have on the region’s energy use patterns are then decomposed using the refined Laspeyres technique in order to establish the underlying causes of change in the country’s energy requirements. JEL Classification: Q56
Effects of Infrasound on Human Body Sway
Authors: Takigawa Hiroshi , Hayashi Fumiyo , Sugiura Shizuko , Sakamoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

Some individuals who have been exposed to infrasound have complained of subjective symptoms which seemed to be an offshoot of the changes in vestibular function. This study was undertaken in order to clarify the latter assumption by observing the change of mode of postural control upon subjecting to infrasound vis-a-vis noise exposure. Thirty-four healthy males were subjected to a wide octave-band noise, 16 Hz and 5 Hz at 95 dB for 5 minutes. Their body sway was measured before and during exposure. The trace-length and the power percentage by spectral analysis were determined from their body sway. Our present findings show that the mode of body sway was temporarily confused at the time of switchover from opening to closing of the subject's eyes in the pre-exposed condition. This confusion was inhibited by exposure to infrasound. No effects were however observed upon exposure to noise. These results are taken to suggest that the excitability of the vestibulum was accelerated upon exposure to infrasound, whether or not the subjects perceived any sensations.