bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among end-stage kidney disease patients on dialysis: A cross-sectional multiple-centre study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlShammari Omar A. , AlFadil Sara O. , AlShabibi Abdulaziz , Mohamed Hussein , Alomi Mohammd , Almatham Khalid 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in need of renal replacement therapy are estimated to number between 4.902 and 7.083 million. Studies have shown that depression and anxiety are the most common mental illnesses among people with kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Anxiety is linked to mortality in dialysis patients with ESRD, as well as a lower perceived quality of life. The purpose of this study was to look into the prevalence of anxiety and depression in dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia, as well as the associated risk factors.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study that included patients receiving peritoneal and hemodialysis at two dialysis centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, King Fahad Medical City and King Salman Dialysis Center. It was conducted from June 2021 to March 2022. There were 158 dialysis patients in all, including 135 hemodialysis patients and 23 peritoneal dialysis patients. Characteristics of patients were documented. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results:
Our study yielded 158 responses, with the majority being females. Among the two dialysis populations studied, the type and duration of dialysis were not significantly associated with anxiety or depression. Our study revealed that the female gender was significantly associated with anxiety (P = 0.007); the female gender significantly increased the likelihood of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–7.9), whereas unemployment and male gender were significantly associated with depression, with a P-=0.036 and P = 0.028, respectively.

Conclusion:
Anxiety and depression are common mental health conditions. Despite the limited number of studies on anxiety and depression in dialysis patients, it is evident that gender and employment status are significantly associated with anxiety and depression, respectively. More research is needed to shed light on this issue in Saudi Arabia. Identifying and treating mental health disorders in early-stage CKD patients may facilitate better disease management and improve the quality of life.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-going adolescents studying in government schools – A psychosocial perspective
Authors: Tansa K. A. , Manikappa Sanjeev Kumar , Marimuthu P. , Christy Jayakumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Childhood is the most essential phase in a person’s life as the foundations laid at this stage decide the future. Children are one of the vulnerable groups during any disaster. It is a stressful event that is not easily understood. It is emotionally confusing and frightening and results in children needing significant instrumental and emotional support from adults.

Aim:
To understand the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-going adolescents.

Methods:
This study adopted a cross-sectional research design in which sociodemographic characteristics and the CRIES-13 were administered to all the 312 children studying in 9th and 10th grade from the five selected schools.

Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mean, and percentages were employed to analyse participants’ demographic characteristics. Chi-square, independent t-test, and ANOVA were used for comparison of the data.

Results:
The mean age of the respondents was 15 years (SD 0.98). It was found that most of the children (90.4%) had disturbances in their education, with 10th grade children having more disturbance than 9th grade ones (P value < 0.05). Further, intrusion and arousal were found to be significantly higher among male children than female children (P value < 0.05). Also, intrusion and arousal are significantly higher among 9th grade students, whereas avoidance is higher among 10th grade students (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study identified that COVID-19 has a profound psychosocial impact on school going-adolescents. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the pandemic’s impact on children from a psychosocial perspective and designing appropriate interventions for them.
Safety assessment of the world’s first novel cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies in WHO category-III animal-bite patients
Authors: Agarwal Anurag , Agarwal Amita , Mohan Arvind , Dutta Trayambak , Mahajan Manish , Desai Samir , Kumar Deepak 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Rabies, a zoonotic disease, poses a significant global public health challenge, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is crucial for prevention. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a promising alternative to rabies immunoglobulins due to their high efficacy and standardized manufacturing process.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, open-label post-marketing surveillance study was conducted with patients of WHO category-III suspected rabid animal bites. TwinRab™, a novel cocktail of docaravimab and miromavimab, was administered at a dosage of 40 IU/kg in and around the wound, along with the anti-rabies vaccine, which was administered intradermal as per Thai Red Cross regimen.

Results:
In this study, 200 subjects received TwinRab™ with a 100% completion rate. Three (1.5%) patients showed solicited local AEs, and two (1%) patients showed solicited systemic AEs, which were resolved after appropriate treatment intervention. The overall tolerability assessment showed positive ratings from doctors (94%) and patients (74%).

Conclusion:
The post-marketing surveillance study demonstrated the safety of TwinRab™ in patients who experienced category-III suspected rabid animal bites, thereby supporting its potential as an alternative option for PEP in the management of animal bite for the prevention of rabies.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis predicts prehypertension and hypertension: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Yogesh M , Mody Mansi , Patel Jenish , Shah Samyak , Makwana Naresh , Nagda Jay 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hypertension prediction using anthropometry and bioimpedance offers practical advantages for screening. We aimed to analyze various anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) estimates as predictive markers of prehypertension and hypertension.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis included 432 adult participants recruited from the medicine outpatient department of a tertiary hospital. Blood pressure measurements; anthropometric measurements of weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference; and BIA (Omron HBF 375) were performed for body fat%, resting metabolic rate, visceral fat level, and skeletal muscle percentage.

Results:
Of the 432 participants comprising 220 males and 212 females, 36.8% were normotensive, 42% were prehypertensive, and 21% were hypertensive. Visceral fat (r 0.662, 95% CI: 0.60–0.72, P < 0.001) and resting metabolic rate (r 0.589, 95% CI: 0.52–0.65, P < 0.001) had the highest positive correlation, while skeletal muscle percentage (r -0.551, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.48, P < 0.001) had a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure according to bivariate analysis. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting hypertension, visceral fat volume had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.913, and resting metabolic rate had an AUC of 0.968, indicating the best predictive accuracy.

Conclusion:
Multiple BIA estimates, including high visceral fat content, resting metabolic rate, and adipose marker levels combined with low skeletal muscle percentage, were strongly associated with hypertension. Our analysis suggested the superiority of bioimpedance predictors over anthropometry-based prediction modeling alone for screening for hypertension in clinical practice.
Investigating the complications of frequent pregnancy loss in patients referred to obstetrics and gynecology clinics at King Khalid University Hospital
Authors: Alotaibi Shahad , Alshobaili Fahdah 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common problem affecting many women. This study aimed to investigate the baseline characteristics of 400 women with RPL and to examine any differences in baseline characteristics of the recruited women with RPL throughout the years.

Methods:
This study used retrospective data, which included the records of patients with RPL who visited King Khalid University Hospital’s obstetric clinic between 2019 and 2022. The records of 400 patients who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and analyzed.

Results:
The mean age of enrolled women was 36.5 ± 5.4 years, and the mean RPL was 3.8 ± 2.5. The study also revealed that there were significant statistical differences in obesity and vitamin D deficiency among women with RPL based on year (P = 0.013 and P = 0.036, respectively), whereas no significant statistical differences were found between women with RPL in terms of age, parity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs), uterine malformation, or consanguinity.

Conclusion:
Advanced maternal age, number of previous miscarriages, parity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, APLs, uterine malformations, first-degree consanguinity, and vitamin D deficiency were found to be significant risk factors associated with RPL among women in Saudi Arabia.
To assess the preparedness of primary care physicians in terms of their knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and confidence regarding smoking cessation in Gilgit
Authors: Khadija Bano , Swaleha Tariq 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Tobacco smoking poses a great threat to the healthcare system both in developed and developing countries due to its health hazard. Healthcare professionals and in particular physicians can play an effective role in encouraging people to quit smoking which will ultimately improve the overall health of their patients and hence prolong their lives

Subjects and Methods:
Data were collected from physicians from public and private hospitals that included Aga khan Health Services in Gilgit, Ghizer, and Hunza, District health quarter Hospitals in Gilgit, Hunza, and Ghizer, Sehat foundation between 1 December, 2021, and 30 May, 2022. A precoded questionnaire was filled which assessed the knowledge, attitude, practices, beliefs, and confidence of physicians in smoking cessation.

Results:
The mean age of physicians was 35.4 ± 9.11 years, of which 64.7% (n = 66) were males and 10.8% (n = 11) were current smokers. 23.5% (n = 24) of physicians had received formal training on smoking cessation (P value 0.002). 55.5% (n = 57) were unsure that Bupropion helps in quitting smoking and only 23.5% (n = 24) reported that they are very well prepared for counselling, whereas 42.2% (n = 44) were unsure how to assess smoker’s different stages of readiness to quit.

Conclusion:
We concluded that physicians of Gilgit Baltistan have sound knowledge about the adverse effects of smoking, but they are not confident in prescribing medication due to unaware of different methods of treatment available for smoking cessation.
Factors related to high caregiver burden of wives of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome: A case-control study from Eastern India
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Ravan Jayprakash R. , Thakur Bhaskar , Banerjee Arijita 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The caregiver burden in psychiatric illness is profound. However, the burden on spouses of patients with ADS remains a quest for medical research. The present study was done to assess the caregiver (wives) burden in a group of patients suffering from ADS as compared with that of schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the psychiatric ward. A detailed comparative assessment was done between the caregiver burden and quality of life of wives whose spouses were diagnosed with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence syndrome.

Result:
The average burden perceived by spouses in schizophrenia was 77.69% ±1.51 across all domains as compared with spouses of an alcohol group (78.39 ± 1.69). Factors related to high burden and low quality of life among wives of the alcoholic group were found to be residing in rural areas, living in nuclear families, critical in-laws and noncooperative family members, severely abused, and having two or more children.

Discussion:
The caregiver burden in the spouse of a male ADS is comparable with the burden of the spouse of schizophrenia. Spouses (wives) of addicts need more appreciation and support from the other family members mostly in-laws.
Pattern of physical growth and pubertal changes in adolescent girls with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Nori Harshita , Kaur Harvinder , Singh Surjit , Bhalla Anil Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:
To study the pattern of physical growth and pubertal changes in adolescent girls with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methods and Material:
Weight, height, BMI, waist and hip circumference among 50 adolescent SLE girls (aged 8–17 years) were cross-sectionally studied using standardized techniques and instruments. Breast development stage, presence or absence of pubic and axillary hair and age of attainment of menarche were also noted.

Results:
With the advancement of age, weight and height of SLE girls increased but they were lighter and shorter compared to normal Indian peers. 18.4% of study girls were short-statured while only one participant was underweight. As per mid-parental height, 34.3% were predicted to have shorter final heights. BMI demonstrated an inconsistent trend with 12.3% and 9.2% being obese and overweight, respectively. Interestingly, 10.7% of SLE girls were at risk of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference >70th centile). About 50% of study girls had attained menarche (mean age: 13.04 ± 1.38 years). Appearance of pubic and axillary hair occurred around 1 year later than attainment of menarche. 33.80% of study subjects were in prepubertal stage of breast development and rest 66.20% were in advanced stages of breast development. SLE girls who had younger age at diagnosis and longer duration of therapy had significant delay in breast development and attainment of menarche.

Conclusions:
SLE girls show delayed growth and pubertal attainments compared to their normal Indian and Western counterparts. The data presented will provide an understanding of the auxological dynamics and pattern of pubertal changes among adolescent girls with SLE living in north-western India.
Assessment of visual impairment and need of rehabilitation services for children attending schools for blind in an urban city of North India
Authors: Phulke Sonia , Duggal Mona , Sandhu Rasikpriya , Kumar Suresh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background/Aims:
By understanding the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness, stakeholders can work toward comprehensive strategies that encompass prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and support, ultimately improving the quality of life for affected children. The information about the pattern and causes of childhood blindness in Northern Indian states is limited, it highlights the need for further research and data collection to better understand and address the specific challenges in this region. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study was planned to ascertain the different causes and patterns of childhood blindness and to understand the barriers to the use of LVAs and its compliance among the students attending schools for the blind in a North Indian State.

Study Design and Setting:
Students from two schools for blind were examined in Chandigarh and its vicinity in North India. The different causes of severe visual impairment/blindness were classified as per the World Health Organization/Prevention of Blindness standard recording form.

Results:
A total of 89 students attending schools for the blind were examined. The mean age was 13.10 years (range = 4–16 years). Male, female ratio was 3.3:1. The major causes of blindness were congenital anomalies (whole globe anomalies 37.08%), followed by retinal conditions (16.7 = 8%), undetermined/other (12.3), and lenticular conditions (112%). More than one-third of children (34.8%) were blind due to avoidable causes of blindness.

Conclusion:
The current study data append on the existing national available data about childhood blindness in India. Though the sample size of the current is comparatively low, observed different results as compared to previously published reports from other regions, emphasize the strengthening of pediatric ophthalmology services as well as of low vision services in this particular region of North India.
Examining the impact of socioeconomic and demographic factors on women’s health: A survey-based study of menstrual hygiene, pregnancy, and postpregnancy care in the Gonds Tribe of Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Sharma Prerna , Singh Rajiv Ratan , Tripathi Sachin Kumar , Yadav Pradeep Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The Gonds tribe, indigenous to the Sonbhadra region in Uttar Pradesh, India, faces unique challenges and disparities in women’s health, particularly in the domains of menstrual health, pregnancy, and postpregnancy care. This study aims to shed light on the demographic patterns of these critical aspects of women’s health among the Gonds tribe, providing valuable insights for healthcare interventions and policy development.

Aim:
This study explores the demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting Gond women’s health, focusing on menstrual hygiene and life stages before, during, and after pregnancy.

Methodology:
We collected data on menstruation wellness behaviors, pregnancy experiences, and postpregnancy care by conducting an extensive survey among Gonds women in the Sonbhadra area. In addition, focus groups and qualitative interviews were used to acquire greater knowledge of the socioeconomic and social factors impacting these health-distinctive characteristics.

Result:
The Chi-square test shows no significant link between age group and menstrual hygiene product use. Young women (under 18) mostly use cotton cloth (56%). Women aged 18–49 prefer cotton cloth (53.2%). Women 50+ use cotton cloth (43.2%), cotton (29.7%), and sanitary napkins (27%). Marital status affects product use and cycle regularity. Cultural beliefs and education influence healthcare decisions. Menstrual hygiene mainly involves cotton cloth (45%) and cotton (26.1%).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our analysis uncovers key insights: Marital status, healthcare access, education, cultural beliefs, and reproductive health practices influence community healthcare decisions. These findings inform tailored interventions to enhance health outcomes and equity.
To investigate the impact of revised diagnostic algorithm on presentation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases at a referral centre in India
Authors: Jain Sandeep , Sarin Rohit , Vinay V. , Sharma Deepak , Saini Jitendra K. , Gupta Neha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
A shift in policy has occurred with the introduction of molecular diagnostic tools for the upfront diagnosis of all cases of tuberculosis, including drug-resistant tuberculosis. The impact of this shift in policy on severity of disease was studied, and comparisons were drawn between the year 2015 and 2020.

Study Type and Design:
This was an observational study conducted between 2020 and 2021. Seventy patients of MDR-TB with or without additional drug resistance, hospitalized in the year 2015 and 2020, were studied.

Results:
The study reveals a substantial reduction in the median time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis between 2015 and 2020. Specifically, the median duration decreased from 12 weeks in 2015 to 8 weeks in 2020. Moreover, we found that in 2015, all cases under study had a history of tuberculosis in comparison to 2020. Additionally, there was a higher incidence of anemia in 2015 compared to 2020. In the radiological examination, it was observed that in 2015, a higher frequency of cases exhibited cavitations, bronchiectasis, and fibrosis on chest X-rays compared to the findings in 2020. The mean cavity size in 2015 measured 6.73 cm, while in 2020, it averaged 4.06 cm. Additionally, we noticed a higher occurrence of significantly advanced cases in 2015 in contrast to 2020.

Conclusion:
The implementation of the new policy of upfront DST was noted to decrease the time required for diagnosis and bacterial load as ascertained from degree of sputum smear positivity, radiological lesions, and severity of anemia.
Men’s perception and participation in maternal and child health care in the field practice area of a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study from rural Bengal
Authors: Dutta Sinjita , Rashid Mamunur , Bysac Ratul Kumar , Basu Mausumi , Mandal Nilendu , De Abhipsa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Participation of men in maternal and child health (MCH) is crucial for the reduction of infant and maternal mortality. MCH care services have been focused on providing information and services to women, but males’ behaviour and decisions affect the health of the child and mother.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to assess the perception and participation of males in MCH care as well as, to identify the association of their perception and participation with socio-demographic characteristics and to find out the correlation between perception and participation regarding MCH care.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive type of observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 125 male residents from selected subcentres in Budge Budge II block of South 24 Parganas. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a predesigned, pretested, structured schedule. Multivariable binary logistic regression was done to identify the association between dependent and independent variables (P < 0.05). The correlation between perception and participation was assessed by Spearman’s rho.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 34.3 (±5.6) years with most (59.2%) between the ages of 31–40 years of age. About 24% were unaware of pregnancy registration time, and 30.4% did not know the number of minimum antenatal check-ups. In total, 20% of study participants did not accompany their partner to the Antenatal Care (ANC) clinic, 6.4% did not accompany them during delivery, and almost 33.6% did not accompany their child to the immunization session. No variables were found to be significantly associated with the dependent variables. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between perception and participation (ρ = 0.3).

Conclusion:
Men’s perception and participation in MCH care services were found to be reasonably good though they can be improved. Awareness raises about the importance of men’s role in supporting their partner’s health during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as the overall well-being of their children through public health campaigns, community events, and targeted educational programs.