bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in feelings and knowledge about stroke
Authors: Itzhaki Michal , Melnikov Semyon , Koton Silvia 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine gender differences in knowledge and feelings about stroke among ≥40 years old population.BackgroundKnowledge of stroke is consistently found to be poor among both genders in general populations, however, it has been reported to be better among women than men. Gender differences in feelings about stroke in the general population have not been examined.Design and methodsData were collected from a convenience sample using semi‐structured personal interviews. Participants were representative of Israeli sub‐populations aged ≥40 with no history of stroke. Knowledge of stroke was studied with quantitative methods while constant comparative analysis was used for the qualitative data analysis of feelings evoked by stroke.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐seven participants were interviewed, 79/177 (44·6%) men and 98/177 (55·4%) women. Rates of self‐reported hypertension [33/79 (41·8%) men, 25/98 (25·5%) women] and current smoking [29/79 (36·7%) men, 18/98 (18·4%) women] were significantly higher in men than women. Over 50% men and women mentioned one‐side sudden weakness or paralysis as a stroke symptom, however, other stroke symptoms were not recognised by most participants. Education was associated with the number of identified stroke signs. Knowledge of stroke‐warning signs was better in women. The main feelings expressed by both genders were fear of dying and disability, self‐concern about survival, blaming fate and self‐accusation.ConclusionStroke knowledge is poor among men and women. Higher level of education is a predictor of stroke knowledge among both genders. Gender‐specific differences in stroke risk factors and feelings about stroke in different sub‐populations should be taken into account to improve prevention of stroke through education programmes.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth education on stroke prevention should be tailored to population groups differing in level of education. Health promotion recommendations should be provided by nurses with regard to beliefs of both men and women regarding prevention of stroke.
Diverse approaches to the health economic evaluation of bariatric surgery: a comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Campbell J. A. , Venn A. , Neil A. , Hensher M. , Sharman M. , Palmer A. J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundHealth economic evaluations inform healthcare resource allocation decisions for treatment options for obesity including bariatric/metabolic surgery. As an important advance on existing systematic reviews, we aimed to capture, summarize and synthesize a diverse range of economic evaluations on bariatric surgery.MethodsStudies were identified by electronic screening of all major biomedical/economic databases. Studies included if they reported any quantified health economic cost and/or consequence with a measure of effect for any type of bariatric surgery from 1995 to September 2015. Study screening, data extraction and synthesis followed international guidelines for systematic reviews.ResultsSix thousand one hundred eighty‐seven studies were initially identified. After two levels of screening, 77 studies representing 17 countries (56% USA) were included. Despite study heterogeneity, common themes emerged, and important gaps were identified. Most studies adopted the healthcare system/third‐party payer perspective; reported costs were generally healthcare resource use (inpatient/shorter‐term outpatient). Out‐of‐pocket costs to individuals, family members (travel time, caregiving) and indirect costs due to lost productivity were largely ignored. Costs due to reoperations/complications were not included in one‐third of studies. Body‐contouring surgery included in only 14%. One study evaluated long‐term waitlisted patients. Surgery was cost‐effective/cost‐saving for severely obese with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study quality was inconsistent.DiscussionThere is a need for studies that assume a broader societal perspective (including out‐of‐pocket costs, costs to family and productivity losses) and longer‐term costs (capture reoperations/complications, waiting, body contouring), and consequences (health‐related quality‐of‐life). Full economic evaluation underpinned by reporting standards should inform prioritization of patients (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus with body mass index 30 to 34.9 kg/m2or long‐term waitlisted) for surgery. © 2016 World Obesity
En Bloc Resection of Primary Malignant Bone Tumor in the Cervical Spine Based on 3‐Dimensional Printing Technology
Authors: Xiao Jian‐ru , Huang Wen‐ding , Yang Xing‐hai , Yan Wang‐jun , Song Dian‐wen , Wei Hai‐feng , Liu Tie‐long , Wu Zhi‐peng , Yang Cheng 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and safety of en bloc resection of cervical primary malignant bone tumors by a combined anterior and posterior approach based on a three‐dimensional (3‐D) printing model.MethodsFive patients with primary malignant bone tumors of the cervical spine underwent en bloc resection via a one‐stage combined anteroposterior approach in our hospital from March 2013 to June 2014. They comprised three men and two women of mean age 47.2 years (range, 26–67 years). Three of the tumors were chondrosarcomas and two chordomas. Preoperative 3‐D printing models were created by 3‐D printing technology. Sagittal en bloc resections were planned based on these models and successfully performed. A 360° reconstruction was performed by spinal instrumentation in all cases. Surgical margins, perioperative complications, local control rate and survival rate were assessed.ResultsAll patients underwent en bloc excision via a combined posterior and anterior approach in one stage. Mean operative time and estimated blood loss were 465 minutes and 1290 mL, respectively. Mean follow‐up was 21 months. Wide surgical margins were achieved in two patients and marginal resection in three; these three patients underwent postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. One vertebral artery was ligated and sacrificed in each of three patients. Nerve root involved by tumor was sacrificed in three patients with preoperative upper extremity weakness. One patient (Case 3) had significant transient radiculopathy with paresis postoperatively. Another (Case 4) with C
4 and C
5 chordoma had respiratory difficulties and pneumonia after surgery postoperatively. He recovered completely after 2 weeks’ management with a tracheotomy tube and antibiotics in the intensive care unit. No cerebrovascular complications and wound infection were observed. No local recurrence or instrumentation failure were detected during follow‐up.ConclusionThough technically challenging, it is feasible and safe to perform en bloc resection of cervical primary bone tumors. This is the most effective means of managing cervical spine tumors. Preoperative 3‐D printing modelling enables better anatomical understanding of the relationship between the tumor and cervical spine and can assist in planning the surgical procedure.
Clinical and Radiographic Results of Reconstruction with Fibular Autograft for Distal Radius Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Qi Dian‐wen , Wang Peng , Ye Zhao‐ming , Yu Xiu‐chun , Hu Yong‐cheng , Zhang Guo‐chuan , Yan Xiao‐bo , Zheng Kai , Zhao Li‐ming , Zhang Hui‐lin 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the result of en bloc resection and reconstruction of the distal radius with a non‐vascularized fibular autograft for giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2015, 12 eligible patients (seven males, five females, mean age 31.3 years) with grade III GCT of the distal radius were treated by en bloc resection and reconstruction with non‐vascularized proximal fibular autografts in four Chinese institutions (members of Giant Cell Tumor Team of China). The patients had a clinical and radiographic review every 6 months for the first 2 years then annually thereafter. The functional, oncologic and radiological outcomes of the patients were analyzed.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up was 39.6 months. Bony union was achieved in all cases. None of the patients were dissatisfied with the shape and appearance of the wrist. The mean MSTS score was 25.23 ± 2.38 (range, 22–29). The mean DASH score was 13.0 (range, 6.7–33.3). The average range of motion of the wrist was: 35.8° ± 14.5° of extension, 14.0° ± 8.4° of flexion, 15.5° ± 6.7° of radial deviation, 19.4° ± 10.1° of ulnar deviation, 57.2° ±18.9° of pronation and 44.0° ± 24.8° of supination. The average percentage of grip strength was 55.2% ± 29.0% compared with that of the contralateral side. One localized soft tissue recurrence occurred; it was successfully managed by excision. Lung metastases developed postoperatively in one case and were treated by gamma knife radiotherapy. There was radiographic evidence of radiocarpal arthritis in eleven patients, bone resorption in ten, distal radioulnar joint diastasis in six, ulnar deviation of the wrist in seven, subluxation of the carpal bone in three and dislocation of the carpal bone in one patient.ConclusionsReconstruction with a non‐vascularized proximal fibular autograft is a reasonable option after en bloc resection of the distal radius for giant cell tumor of bone.
Surgical Treatment of Sacral Neurogenic Tumor: A 10‐year Experience with 64 Cases
Authors: Sun Wei , Ma Xiao‐jun , Zhang Fan , Miao Wei‐liang , Wang Chong‐ren , Cai Zheng‐dong 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the outcomes of surgical treatment of sacral neurogenic tumorsMethodsBetween 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2012, data on 64 patients with sacral neurogenic tumors treated with surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the 64 cases (35 males and 29 females) was 37.2 years (range, 21–69 years); 38 had neurilemmomas and 26 neurofibromas. Thirty‐four of the tumors involved S
1 and S
2, 11 S
3 or lower, and 19 were single presacral soft tissue masses. Tumors were removed via anterior, posterior or combined anteroposterior approaches. Patients with unstable sacroiliac joints underwent iliolumbar fixation.ResultsDepending on the extent of tumor involvement, one of three surgical approaches was used: a single anterior approach (19 patients), single posterior approach (25 patients), or a combined anteroposterior approach (20 patients). The mean operation time was 3 h (range, 2–6 h) and the mean blood loss 878 mL (range, 400–3120 mL). The mean duration of follow‐up was 58.2 months (range, 24–93 months). These surgeries had the following complications. Three patients had massive intraoperative hemorrhage and posterior back pain and discomfort postoperatively. One patient had intraoperative ureteral injuries requiring intraoperative ureteral catheterization. In two patients, the tumor involved the S
1 nerve roots bilaterally, necessitating their removal, which resulted in obvious lower limb motion and sphincteric dysfunction. In 13 patients with unilateral tumor involvement of the nerve roots of S
1 and lower spinal levels, only the contralateral nerve roots of the S1 and lower levels were preserved; eight of these patients had impaired bladder and bowel function. Posterior incisions failed to heal in 10 patients, secondary wound healing occurred in nine of them and one required a gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap. Three patients developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks that were and alleviated by waist belt compression bandaging and placing them in the Trendelenburg position. Eight patients developed tumor recurrences postoperatively; pathological examination of the tissue excised in the second surgeries revealed malignant changes in the three patients with neurilemmomas. There were no intraoperative deaths. Rod fractures occurred in three of the 18 patients requiring iliolumbar reconstruction.ConclusionsThe clinical characteristics of sacral neurogenic tumors make them easy to diagnose. The approach to resection should be determined by the location and size of the tumor. Patients with huge tumors may lose considerable blood intraoperatively and a have higher risk rate of postoperative complications.
Closed Suction Drainage Is Not Associated with Faster Recovery after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Duan , Xu Jin , Zeng Wei‐nan , Zhou Kai , Xie Tian‐hang , Chen Zhi , Yu Hao‐da , Li Jin‐long , Zhou Zong‐ke , Pei Fu‐xing 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether closed suction drainage (CSD) is associated with early recovery of knee function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsBetween January 2015 and September 2015, 80 consecutive patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: a CSD group (40 cases; average age, 66.9 ± 8.6 years; male, 8; female, 32) and a non‐CSD group (40 cases; average age, 66.8 ± 10.1 years; male, 9; female, 31). Local inflammation outcomes (assessed by a visual analog scale [VAS], swelling and skin temperature), calculated total blood loss (CBL), hidden blood loss (HBL), blood transfusion requirements and hemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scores, range of motion (ROM), limb swelling, tension vesicles, ecchymosis, time to regaining straight leg raising and duration of hospital stay were documented. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon and followed up for 3 months.ResultsThe peri‐wound skin temperature and knee VAS pain scores were lower in the non‐CSD group. Patients in the non‐CSD group had significantly better knee ROM (P = 0.028). The time to regaining active straight leg raising was significantly shorter in the non‐CSD groupN than in the CSD group (P = 0.014). In addition, patients in the non‐CSD group had a shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.004) than those in the CSD group, indicating earlier recovery of knee function. HBL was significantly less in the CSD group than the non‐CSD group (P = 0.006) on postoperative day (POD) 5. However, CBL did not differ significantly between the two groups on POD5. There were no significant differences between two groups in all other assessed variables.ConclusionIn this randomized study, primary TKA without CSD was associated with faster recovery related to less local inflammation and better early knee function. Furthermore, use of a drain had no significant advantage with respect to other outcome measures and may have increased costs. Based on these data, CSD after primary TKA is not routinely indicated.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 and CD34 in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Zhou Xing , Liu Xiao‐zhou , Fan Gen‐tao , Wu Su‐jia , Zhao Jian‐ning , Shi Xin 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) invades extensively and metastasizes, however, the pathological grade and imaging findings are not accurate predictors of its prognosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)34 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and the biological behavior of GCTB with the hope of identifying predictors of prognosis.MethodsSixty‐eight patients with GCTBs attending our institution from September 2008 to August 2013 were enrolled in this prospective study and grouped according to tumor location. Relevant patient characteristics were assessed. Additionally, the expression of CD34 and MMP‐9 in these patients was assayed by an immunohistochemistry staining procedure and the relationships between CD34/MMP‐9 and microvessel density (MVD) analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results
It was found that CD34 factor localizes in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells of small blood vessels in the tumor stroma and is strongly expressed in GCTBs. In addition, radiological grading showed that there was significantly more CD34 antibody‐labeled MVD in invasive than in non‐invasive tumors (P < 0.05) and significantly more CD34 antibody‐labeled MVD in patients who developed recurrences than in those who did not (P < 0.05). Expression of MMP‐9 was localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and the rate of MMP‐9 positivity in GCTBs was significantly higher in active and invasive tumors than in non‐invasive tumors (P < 0.01). Moreover, there were significantly more MVDs in MMP‐9‐positive than in MMP‐9 negative tumors (P < 0.01). CD34 and MMP‐9 are positively correlated with MVD values in GCTBs and closely correlated with their grade of malignancy.ConclusionExpression of CD34 and MMP‐9 accurately predicts clinical behavior detection and prognosis of GCTBs.
Epistemic Warrants and Higher‐Order Theories of Conscious Perception
Authors: Edwards James , Platchias Dimitris 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a new account of perceptual consciousness, one which gives due weight to the epistemic commitment of normal perception in familiar circumstances. The account is given in terms of a higher‐order attitude for which the subject has an immediate perceptual epistemic warrant in the form of an appropriate first‐order perception. We develop our account in contrast to Rosenthal's higher‐order account, rejecting his view of consciousness in virtue of so‐called ‘targetless’ higher‐order states. We explain the key notion of an immediate perceptual warrant and show both that it requires the content of the higher‐order attitude to match that of the first‐order perception, and also that it gives a new perspective on the intimate relationship, rightly emphasised by Rosenthal, between consciousness and a subject's testimony as to ‘how it is with her’.
Sensitivity and Higher‐Order Knowledge
Authors: Wallbridge Kevin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVogel, Sosa, and Huemer have all argued that sensitivity is incompatible with knowing that you do not believe falsely, therefore the sensitivity condition must be false. I show that this objection misses its mark because it fails to take account of the basis of belief. Moreover, if the objection is modified to account for the basis of belief then it collapses into the more familiar objection that sensitivity is incompatible with closure. (But that is an objection which sensitivity theorists are already prepared to meet, one way or another.)
Living donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia – An Indian experience
Authors: Safwan Mohamed , Ramachandran Priya , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Shanmugam Naresh , Rela Mohamed 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLT has played a significant role in improving the outcome of children with BA. We review our five‐yr experience of LDLT for children with BA. Records of all children who underwent LDLT in our institution over a five‐yr period (August 2010–June 2015) were reviewed and those with a primary diagnosis of BA were selected for our study. Data were extracted from a prospectively maintained database. Additional data were collected by review of case notes and imaging studies. Analysis was carried out using standard statistical means. One hundred and thirty‐two children underwent LDLT at our center over the study period, of which 58 children (31 females) had a primary diagnosis of BA. Thirty‐three (56.9%) children had undergone a prior KPE and 25 (43.1%) had a primary LT. Thirty‐four children had at least one post‐op complication, of which 13 had minor complications (Clavien grades I and II) and 21 had major complications (Clavien grade >II). Thirty‐day survival was 96.6% and one‐yr survival was 91.4%. Univariate analysis of variables comparing children who did and did not have a KPE prior to LT showed that age at LT, weight at LT, PELD, and GRWR were significantly different. LDLT provides excellent outcomes in children with BA. Primary LDLT and LT after KPE provide equivalent results, although the former is technically more challenging as the child is younger.
On the sustainability of a reintroduced Crested Ibis population in Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, Central China
Authors: Wang Min , Ye Xin‐ping , Li Yan‐fang , Huo Zhi‐ping , Li Xia , Yu Xiao‐ping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReintroduction projects aim to reestablish a self‐sustaining population of an endangered species within its historical range. Adequate post‐release monitoring by gathering demographic data is important to evaluate the success of a reintroduction. Survival and reproduction rates of a reintroduced population can be compared with a self‐sustaining wild population to evaluate the success of a reintroduction. In early 2007, Nipponia nippon (Crested Ibis) was reintroduced into the Qinling Mountains (Shaanxi, Central China). In this study, we attempt to evaluate the demographic status of the reintroduced population. Age‐specific survival rates of 56 released adults and 77 wild‐born fledglings were estimated using mark‐recapture data obtained from 2007 to 2014. Survival rates for the yearlings (0.599, with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.467–0.719) were lower than the estimates from a wild population in Yangxian County, but the survival rates of the adults (0.678, with 95% CI: 0.603–0.745) were similar. The number of breeding pairs gradually increased since 2008, although breeding success (52.5%) was somewhat less than that of the wild population (67.6%). The stochastic estimation of population growth rate (1.084 with 95% CI: 1.069–1.098) and population size (5‐fold increase) estimated from an age‐classified Leslie matrix indicate that the reintroduced population of the Crested Ibis is more likely in regulation phase over the next 25 years. We conclude that the reintroduction of the Crested Ibis in Qinling Mountains has great promise, and progress toward a self‐sustaining population has been made under some interventions. Governments, local communities, and scientists need to facilitate habitat restoration for the long‐term survival of this endangered species.
The Networked Partial Correlation and Its Application to the Analysis of Genetic Interactions
Authors: Roverato Alberto , Castelo Robert 
Published: July 2016

SummaryGenetic interactions confer robustness on cells in response to genetic perturbations. This often occurs through molecular buffering mechanisms that can be predicted by using, among other features, the degree of coexpression between genes, which is commonly estimated through marginal measures of association such as Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients. However, marginal correlations are sensitive to indirect effects and often partial correlations are used instead. Yet, partial correlations convey no information about the (linear) influence of the coexpressed genes on the entire multivariate system, which may be crucial to discriminate functional associations from genetic interactions. To address these two shortcomings, here we propose to use the edge weight derived from the covariance decomposition over the paths of the associated gene network. We call this new quantity the networked partial correlation and use it to analyse genetic interactions in yeast.