bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane Ballooning in Aggregated Platelets is Synchronised and Mediates a Surge in Microvesiculation
Authors: Agbani Ejaife O. , Williams Christopher M. , Hers Ingeborg , Poole Alastair W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHuman platelet transformation into balloons is part of the haemostatic response and thrombus architecture. Here we reveal that in aggregates of platelets in plasma, ballooning in multiple platelets occurs in a synchronised manner. This suggests a mechanism of coordination between cells, previously unrecognised. We aimed to understand this mechanism, and how it may contribute to thrombus development. Using spinning-disc confocal microscopy we visualised membrane ballooning in human platelet aggregates adherent to collagen-coated surfaces. Within an aggregate, multiple platelets undergo ballooning in a synchronised fashion, dependent upon extracellular calcium, in a manner that followed peak cytosolic calcium levels in the aggregate. Synchrony was observed in platelets within but not between aggregates, suggesting a level of intra-thrombus communication. Blocking phosphatidylserine, inhibiting thrombin or blocking PAR1 receptor, largely prevented synchrony without blocking ballooning itself. In contrast, inhibition of connexins, P2Y12, P2Y1 or thromboxane formation had no effect on synchrony or ballooning. Importantly, synchronised ballooning was closely followed by a surge in microvesicle formation, which was absent when synchrony was blocked. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism underlying synchronised membrane ballooning requires thrombin generation acting effectively in a positive feedback loop, mediating a subsequent surge in procoagulant activity and microvesicle release.
Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of three wetland plants distributed along an elevation gradient in Dongting Lake, China
Authors: Li Feng , Gao Han , Zhu Lianlian , Xie Yonghong , Yang Guishan , Hu Cong , Chen Xinsheng , Deng Zhengmiao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe examined foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of 3 wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Carex brevicuspis) distributed along an elevation gradient in the Dongting Lake, China, and how this stoichiometry is related to soil physico-chemical characteristics, elevation, and flooding days. Plant and soil samples were collected from 3 lakeshore sites. Total N and P concentrations of plants and six physico-chemical characteristics of the soil were measured, in addition to the elevation and flooding days. P. arundinacea and M. sacchariflorus had higher total N and P concentrations than C. brevicuspis. The foliar N:P ratio decreased with increasing elevation, and only increased with increasing foliar total N concentration. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the foliar stoichiometry was primarily regulated by soil water content, followed by soil nutrient concentration. The foliar N and P stoichiometry of the 3 wetland plants was insignificantly correlated with soil total P concentration. However, foliar stoichiometric characteristics and soil total N concentration significantly differed among the 3 species. These results demonstrate that spatial variation of foliar stoichiometry in wetland plants exists along an elevation gradient, with this information being useful for the conservation and management of wetland plants in this lake.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of JAZ gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Li Wen , Xia Xiao-Cong , Han Li-Hong , Ni Ping , Yan Jing-Qiu , Tao Miao , Huang Geng-Qing , Li Xue-Bao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlant JAZ (Jasmonate ZIM-domain) proteins play versatile roles in multiple aspects of plant development and defense. However, little is known about the JAZ family in allotetraploid upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) so far. In this study, 30 non-redundant JAZ genes were identified in upland cotton through genome-wide screening. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 30 proteins in cotton JAZ family are further divided into five groups (I – V), and members in the same group share highly conserved motif structures. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that GhJAZ proteins are localized in the cell nucleus. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that GhJAZs display different expression patterns in cotton tissues, and most of them could be induced by Jasmonic (JA). Furthermore, some GhJAZ genes are preferentially expressed in cotton ovules and fibers, and showed differential expression in ovules of wild type cotton and fiberless mutant (fl) during fiber initiation. GhJAZ proteins could interact with each other to form homodimer or heterodimer, and they also interacted with some JA signaling regulators and the proteins involved in cotton fiber initiation. Collectively, our data suggested that some GhJAZ proteins may play important roles in cotton fiber initiation and development by regulating JA signaling as well as some fiber-related proteins.
Development of an orally available inhibitor of CLK1 for skipping a mutated dystrophin exon in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Sako Yukiya , Ninomiya Kensuke , Okuno Yukiko , Toyomoto Masayasu , Nishida Atsushi , Koike Yuka , Ohe Kenji , Kii Isao , Yoshida Suguru , Hashimoto Naohiro , Hosoya Takamitsu , Matsuo Masafumi , Hagiwara Masatoshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal progressive muscle-wasting disease. Various attempts are underway to convert severe DMD to a milder phenotype by modulating the splicing of thedystrophingene and restoring its expression. In our previous study, we reported TG003, an inhibitor of CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1), as a splice-modifying compound for exon-skipping therapy; however, its metabolically unstable feature hinders clinical application. Here, we show an orally available inhibitor of CLK1, named TG693, which promoted the skipping of the endogenous mutated exon 31 in DMD patient-derived cells and increased the production of the functional exon 31-skipped dystrophin protein. Oral administration of TG693 to mice inhibited the phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich proteins, which are the substrates of CLK1, and modulated pre-mRNA splicing in the skeletal muscle. Thus, TG693 is a splicing modulator for the mutated exon 31 of the dystrophin genein vivo, possibly possessing therapeutic potential for DMD patients.
PCLO rs2522833-mediated gray matter volume reduction in patients with drug-naive, first-episode major depressive disorder
Authors: Igata R , Katsuki A , Kakeda S , Watanabe K , Igata N , Hori H , Konishi Y , Atake K , Kawasaki Y , Korogi Y , Yoshimura R 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to differences in the volume of certain areas of the brain and to variants in the piccolo presynaptic cytomatrix protein (PCLO), but the relationship between PCLO and brain morphology has not been studied. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PCLO, rs2522833, is thought to affect protein stability and the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. We investigated the relationship between cortical volume and this SNP in first-episode, drug-naive patients with MDD or healthy control subjects. Seventy-eight participants, including 30 patients with MDD and 48 healthy control subjects, were recruited via interview. PCLO rs2522833 genotyping and plasma cortisol assays were performed, and gray matter volume was estimated using structural magnetic resonance images. Among the individuals carrying the C-allele of PCLO rs2522833, the volume of the left temporal pole was significantly smaller in those with MDD than in healthy controls (family-wise error-corrected, P=0.003). No differences were detected in other brain regions. In addition, the C-carriers showed a larger volume reduction in the left temporal pole than those in the individuals with A/A genotype (P=0.0099). Plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in MDD-affected C-carriers than in the healthy control C-carriers (12.76±6.10 vs 9.31±3.60 nm, P=0.045). We conclude that PCLO SNP rs2522833 is associated with a gray matter volume reduction in the left temporal pole in drug-naive, first-episode patients with MDD carrying the C-allele.
Genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and risk of dementia
Authors: Karlsson I K , Ploner A , Song C , Gatz M , Pedersen N L , Hägg S 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSeveral studies have shown cardiovascular disease (CVD) to be associated with dementia, but it is not clear whether CVD per se increases the risk of dementia or whether the association is due to shared risk factors. We tested how a genetic risk score (GRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) affects dementia risk after CVD in 13 231 Swedish twins. We also utilized summarized genome-wide association data to study genetic overlap between CAD and Alzheimer´s disease (AD), and additionally between shared risk factors and each disease. There was no direct effect of a CAD GRS on dementia (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–1.01). However, the GRS for CAD modified the association between CVD and dementia within 3 years of CVD diagnosis, ranging from a hazard ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.05–2.41) in the first GRS quartile to 1.91 (95% CI: 1.28–2.86) in the fourth GRS quartile. Using summary statistics, we found no genetic overlap between CAD and AD. We did, however, find that both AD and CAD share a significant genetic overlap with lipids, but that the overlap arose from clearly distinct gene clusters. In conclusion, genetic susceptibility to CAD was found to modify the association between CVD and dementia, most likely through associations with shared risk factors.
White Blood Cell Changes Following Treatment with a Combination of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
Authors: Kocherlakota Prabhakar , Narayana Sri , Blau Jonathan , La Gamma Edmund 
Published: May 2017

Objective We sought to determine whether recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination can increase white blood cell (WBC) count and improve the survival of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) neonates having necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with Bell stage II or above.
Methods This retrospective chart review consisted of ELBW neonates with NEC provided with standard of care (standard group) or standard of care and a combination of rhG-CSF along with IVIG (treated group) at the discretion of the treating physician. Serial blood counts (days 0,1,2,3, and 7 to 10), survival, need for surgical intervention, time to reach full feeds, and time to discharge were compared between the two groups.
Results The treated (27 neonates) and the standard (35 neonates) groups had birth weights of 857 ± 52 g and 1,009 ± 50 g; gestational ages of 26 ± 0.5 and 28 ± 0.5 weeks; WBC counts of 7,950 ± 6,452 and 14,105 ± 9,578/mm3; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 3,930 ± 5,152 and 7,117 ± 7,545/mm3, respectively (p < 0.05). During the study, WBC count and ANC increased in the treated group till days 7 to 10, but decreased till day 3 in the standard group (p < 0.05). ANC (11-fold) and monocytes (4-fold) increased in the treated patients with neutropenia by days 7 to 10 (p < 0.05). There was no change in the survival, need for surgery, time to reach full feed, or time to discharge between the two groups.
Conclusion The combination of rhG-CSF and IVIG increased WBC, ANC, and monocytes in the treated group but did not affect the survival, need for surgery, time to reach full feed, or time to discharge.
Implantation einer Hüft- oder Knietotalendoprothese und die Inanspruchnahme einer Anschlussrehabilitation
Authors: Ritter S. , Dannenmaier J. , Jankowiak S. , Kaluscha R. , Krischak G. 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Nach der Akutbehandlung bei Implantation einer Hüft- oder Knietotalendoprothese (TEP) erfolgt meist eine sich daran anschließende Rehabilitationsmaßnahme, entweder unmittelbar im Anschluss oder nach vorangegangener häuslicher Übergangszeit. Aber auch eine ausschließlich ambulante Nachbehandlung ohne Rehabilitation ist möglich. Ziel der Arbeit war die Analyse von personen- und behandlungsbezogenen Faktoren auf die Inanspruchnahme der jeweiligen Nachbehandlung.
Methode Auf Basis eines verknüpften Datensatzes bestehend aus Routinedaten der AOK Baden-Württemberg sowie der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Baden-Württemberg erfolgte eine sektorenübergreifende Analyse des Versorgungsgeschehens. Mittels 2 logistischer Regressionsmodelle (Backward-Selektion) wurden Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme einer Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) sowie einer häuslichen Übergangszeit getrennt für Hüft- und Knie-TEP-Patienten ermittelt.
Ergebnisse Von 9 232 Hüft-TEP-Patienten nahmen 82,6% eine AR entweder direkt nach dem Akutaufenthalt (58,7%) oder nach häuslicher Übergangszeit (23,9%) in Anspruch. Jüngere, männliche und nicht-deutsche Hüft-TEP-Patienten gingen dabei deutlich seltener zur AR. Von den insgesamt 7 656 Knie-TEP-Patienten nahmen 83,9% eine AR in Anspruch, 59,7% direkt und 24,2% mit Übergangszeit. Dabei waren ebenfalls soziodemografische Merkmale für die Inanspruchnahme prognostisch bedeutsam. Die Analyse zeigte, dass die Inanspruchnahme einer AR sowohl von Alter, Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit, als auch von Komorbiditäten, Behandlungen sowie Medikamentenverordnungen beeinflusst wird.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse liefern Hinweise auf eine höhere Fallschwere von direkt verlegten Patienten, was für eine bedarfsorientierte Inanspruchnahme einer Rehabilitation spricht. Dennoch lassen einige Anhaltspunkte für bestimmte Patientengruppen eine Unterinanspruchnahme vermuten.
Aktuelle Ergebnisse aus der vergleichenden Berufsfeldforschung: Psychische Belastungen und Burnoutrisiken im Handlungsfeld der Suchthilfe
Authors: Kuhn Ulrike , Graß Julia , Klein Michael 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Ziel des Studienvergleichs war die Untersuchung von Arbeitsbeanspruchungen und der psychischen Gesundheit bei Fachkräften, die in der Suchthilfe tätig sind.
Methodik Berichtet werden Ergebnisse aus 2 Studien. Beim Studienvergleich der 3 Untersuchungsstichproben kommt der Fragebogen zu Beanspruchungen in Humandienstleistungen (BHD) sowie eine Kurzversion der Symptom-Checkliste SCL-90-R (SCL-14) zum Einsatz.
Ergebnisse Die Skalenmittelwerte der betrachteten Beanspruchungsfolgen (u. a. in den Bereichen emotionale Erschöpfung) sind bei allen Stichproben neutral ausgeprägt. Bei der psychischen Belastung bestehen signifikante Unterschiede im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz der positiven Ergebnisse zum Burnoutrisiko ist eine substanzielle Subgruppe der Befragten risikobehaftet. Auch die erhöhten Werte der psychischen Belastung machen die Entwicklung geeigneter Präventionsstrategien notwendig.
Übertragbarkeit der Theorie „Therapeutische Pflege in der neurologischen (Früh-)Rehabilitation“ in die pflegerische Versorgungspraxis – Eine Fallstudie
Authors: Lautenschläger Sindy , Muser Jürgen , Müller Elisabeth ,   und weitere Mitglieder der Arbeitsgruppe
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Das Ziel dieser Studie besteht darin, zu beschreiben, wie die Theorie zur therapeutischen Pflege in der neurologischen (Früh-)Rehabilitation anhand einer Fallstudie auf die pflegerische Versorgungspraxis übertragen werden kann.
Material und Methoden Die Theorie wurde anhand der Grounded Theory nach Glaser und Strauss entwickelt. In 5 Rehabilitationskliniken wurden teilnehmende Beobachtungen (n=92) und episodische Interviews (n=10) durchgeführt. In die Untersuchung wurden die Berufsgruppen der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege, der Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege, der Altenpflege sowie der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegehilfe eingeschlossen. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte anhand der Methode des konstant komparativen Vergleichens nach Glaser und Strauss.
Ergebnisse Die Übertragbarkeit der Theorie in die Versorgungspraxis wird anhand eines Fallbeispiels in Bezug auf die pflegerischen Handlungssituationen (1) Training der Körperpflege, (2) Therapeutische Positionierung, (3) Stimulierende Mundpflege, (4) Wahrnehmungstraining und (5) Beratung von Angehörigen beschrieben. Dabei werden die in der Theorie entwickelten Kategorien: (1) Pflegerische Handlungen, (2) Beobachtung/Wahrnehmung, (3) Kommunikation, (4) Autonomie und individuelle Bedürfnisse von Rehabilitanden und ihren Angehörigen, (5) multiprofessionelles Team und (6) Voraussetzungen auf das Fallbeispiel übertragen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Fallstudie zeigt, wie die Theorie zur therapeutischen Pflege in der neurologischen (Früh-) Rehabilitation auf die pflegerische Versorgungspraxis übertragen werden kann und verdeutlicht die Komplexität pflegerischer Interventionen.
Overview of learner individual differences and their mediating effects on the process and outcome of L2 interaction
Authors: Pawlak Miroslaw 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Even though numerous factors are likely to contribute to the outcomes of both naturalistic and instructed second language acquisition, such as the amount of exposure to the target language (TL), the beliefs, dedication, experience, involvement and qualifications of the instructor, or the teaching methods and materials employed, individual learner differences appear to play a significant role in second or foreign language (L2) learning. While specific classifications vary, such individual difference (ID) variables can be sociocultural (e.g., beliefs, attitudes, experience), cognitive (e.g., age, aptitude, working memory, cognitive styles, learning strategies), and affective (e.g., anxiety, personality, motivation, willingness to communicate) in nature, with some IDs cutting across clear-cut categories, themselves being affected by each other and a host of other variables (Dörnyei & Ryan, 2015; Gregersen & MacIntyre, 2014; Pawlak, 2012a). This paper provides a brief overview of selected factors in these areas, with particular emphasis being placed on the influence that they are likely to exert on interactions that take place between learners, and between learners and instructors in the language classroom, as well as the ways in which such interactions can contribute to L2 learning. With this in mind, some key assumptions will first be spelled out, which will be followed by the discussion of the latest research findings in each area, subsequently focusing on research undertaken in the interactionist approach. Finally, future research directions will be outlined, methodological issues will be touched upon, and implications for classroom practice will be considered.
The role of language analytic ability in the effectiveness of different feedback timing conditions
Authors: Arroyo Diana C. , Yilmaz Yucel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This chapter describes an empirical study that investigated the role of language analytic ability (LAA) in the effectiveness of feedback under two timing conditions, and whether the timing conditions were differentially effective after controlling for LAA. Forty-five Spanish learners were randomly assigned to three groups: immediate feedback, delayed feedback, and control. All learners completed an information-gap task with a native speaker of Spanish through synchronous computer-mediated communication. Learners’ errors on Spanish noun-adjective gender agreement were treated according to their group assignment. Learners’ knowledge of the linguistic target was assessed by means of oral production and grammaticality judgment tests. Language analytic ability was measured with LLAMA F, a subtest of the LLAMA Language Aptitude Tests (Meara, 2005). Results revealed that LAA did not play any role in the effectiveness of either feedback timing condition, and immediate feedback was more effective than delayed feedback after controlling for LAA.
Investigating the relationship between instructor research training and pronunciation-related instruction and oral corrective feedback
Authors: Long Avizia Y. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Although the role of the instructor in classroom-based L2 pronunciation development has begun to receive attention in the empirical literature (e.g., Baker, 2011a, 2011b, 2014; Baldwin & Long, 2013; Buss, 2016; Couper, 2016; A. Y. Long, 2013), the extent to which the quantity and quality of classroom-based pronunciation-related instruction and oral corrective feedback vary across instructors remains unknown. Based on Baldwin and Long’s (2013) finding that L2 Spanish instructors’ stated beliefs about pronunciation instruction and feedback differed according to graduate-level training (in literature or linguistics), the present study explored the relationship between instructor research training – operationalized as training in phonetics/phonology – and provision of pronunciation-related instruction and oral corrective feedback in the classroom. Specifically, the pronunciation-related instruction and oral corrective feedback practices of eight graduate student instructors of intermediate-level L2 Spanish were examined. All instructors were native speakers of English, and half had received training in phonetics/phonology as part of their graduate coursework. Observations of classroom lessons (over the course of an academic semester) and an analysis of pronunciation-related oral corrective feedback provided by the instructor demonstrated that pronunciation-related instruction, though limited and inconsistent, was marginally linked to instructor research training; however, research training was not related to observed feedback patterns.
On silent markedness
Authors: Cavirani Edoardo , van Oostendorp Marc 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Empty categories – positions in phonological representations that have no direct phonetic counterpart – are (still) controversial in phonological theory. In this paper we give the main arguments for assuming such positions and we furthermore establish a markedness hierarchy for empty positions: some of them are stronger (‘more marked’) than others, and we can derive this from a combination of Element Theory and Turbidity Theory. We illustrate our point with Italian and Dutch dialects, and point out that the phonological hierarchy of empty positions may correspond to a hierarchy of syntactic positions.
The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech
Authors: Nasukawa Kuniya 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In terms of the roles of heads and dependents, there is a mismatch between phonology and syntax. In phonology, heads are important in both structural and informational terms. In syntax, on the other hand, heads have a different function: syntactic heads, like phonological heads, have an important structural role because they license dependent structure, but unlike phonological heads their informational role is relatively unimportant because they usually bear less linguistic (e.g. lexical) information than dependents. In order to achieve a greater degree of uniformity between phonology and syntax, this chapter proposes a reassessment of the roles of heads and dependents in phonology. Contrary to the widespread view, it is argued that heads in phonology, like those in syntax, are structurally important but lexically unimportant whereas dependents are structurally unimportant but lexically important. This view is supported not only by segmental distribution patterns but also by the size of the modulated carrier signal (rather than by the more standard phonetic measure, the sonority scale).