bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneuploidy screening by non‐invasive prenatal testing in twin pregnancy
Authors: Fosler L. , Winters P. , Jones K. W. , Curnow K. J. , Sehnert A. J. , Bhatt S. , Platt L. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo describe our experience with non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in twin pregnancy.MethodsTwo sets of maternal blood samples from twin pregnancies were analyzed at our laboratory using NIPT: 115 stored samples from pregnancies with known outcome (Clinical Study A) and 487 prospectively collected samples for which outcomes were requested from providers (Clinical Study B). NIPT was used to screen for the presence of fetal aneuploidy on chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y in all cases, and results were compared with outcomes when known.ResultsIn Clinical Study A, all 115 samples were classified correctly by NIPT: three cases of trisomy 21 (one fetus affected), one of monochorionic trisomy 18 (both fetuses affected) and 111 euploid. In Clinical Study B, a NIPT result was reported for 479 (98.4%) of the 487 samples. Aneuploidy was detected or suspected in nine (1.9%) cases: seven cases of trisomy 21 detected, one case of trisomy 21 suspected and one case with trisomy 21 detected and trisomy 18 suspected. Information on aneuploidy outcome was available for 171 (35.7%) cases in Clinical Study B. Of the nine cases with aneuploidy detected or suspected, six were confirmed to be a true positive in at least one twin based on karyotype or birth outcome and two were suspected to be concordant based on ultrasound findings; the one known discordant result was for the aneuploidy suspected case. No false negatives were reported.ConclusionNIPT performed well in the detection of trisomy 21 in twin pregnancy, with a combined false‐positive frequency for trisomies 13, 18 and 21 of 0% for Clinical Study A and 0.2% for Clinical Study B. © 2016 Illumina. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
UNDERSTANDING ASSERTION TO UNDERSTAND SILENCING: FINDING AN ACCOUNT OF ASSERTION THAT EXPLAINS SILENCING ARISING FROM TESTIMONIAL INJUSTICE
Authors: Spewak David C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTRae Langton and Jennifer Hornsby provide accounts of how pornography silences women by appealing to J.L. Austin's account of speech-acts. Since their accounts focus only on instances of silencing where the hearer does not grasp the type of speech-act the speaker intends to perform, their accounts of silencing do not generalize to explain silencing that arises from what Miranda Fricker calls “testimonial injustice.” I argue that silencing arising from testimonial injustice can only be explained by what we shall call the dialectical account of assertion, according to which assertion is the undertaking of a commitment in reasoned discourse. In doing so, I show that accounts of assertion based on speakers' intentions, proposals to common ground, and constitutive norms do not provide the necessary framework to explain silencing within the context of testimonial injustice. Having shown the strength of the dialectical account in explaining silencing, I conclude that the dialectical account also provides a way to remedy some instances of silencing arising from testimonial injustice providing further evidence that the dialectical account is the correct account of assertion.
Minkowski Symmetry Sets of Plane Curves
Authors: Reeve Graham Mark , Tari Farid 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe study the Minkowski symmetry set of a closed smooth curveγin the Minkowski plane. We answer the following question, which is analogous to one concerning curves in the Euclidean plane that was treated by Giblin and O’Shea (1990): given a pointponγ, does there exist a bi-tangent pseudo-circle that is tangent toγboth atpand at some other pointqonγ? The answer is yes, but as pseudo-circles with non-zero radii have two branches (connected components) it is possible to refine the above question to the following one: given a pointponγ, does there exist a branch of a pseudo-circle that is tangent toγboth atpand at some other pointqonγ? This question is motivated by the earlier quest of Reeve and Tari (2014) to define the Minkowski Blum medial axis, a counterpart of the Blum medial axis of curves in the Euclidean plane.
On a Class of Semilinear Elliptic Eigenvalue Problems in ℝ2
Authors: Furtado Marcelo F. , Medeiros Everaldo S. , Severo Uberlandio B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe consider the semilinear problemwhere λ is a positive parameter andfhas exponential critical growth. We first establish the existence of a non-zero weak solution. Then, by assuming thatfis odd, we prove that the number of solutions increases when the parameter λ becomes large. In the proofs we apply variational methods in a suitable weighted Sobolev space consisting of functions with rapid decay at infinity.
Serotype-specific differences in short- and longer-term mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease
Authors: HUGHES G. J. , WRIGHT L. B. , CHAPMAN K. E. , WILSON D. , GORTON R. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), caused by infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, has a substantial global burden. There are over 90 known serotypes of S. pneumoniae with a considerable body of evidence supporting serotype-specific mortality rates immediately following IPD. This is the first study to consider the association between serotype and longer-term mortality following IPD. Using enhanced surveillance data from the North East of England we assessed both the short-term (30-day) and longer-term (⩽7 years) independent adjusted associations between individual serotypes and mortality following IPD diagnosis using logistic regression and extended Cox proportional hazards models. Of the 1316 cases included in the analysis, 243 [18·5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 16·4–20·7] died within 30 days of diagnosis. Four serotypes (3, 6A, 9N, 19 F) were significantly associated with overall increased 30-day mortality. Effects were observable only for older adults (⩾60 years). After extension of the window to 12 months and 36 months, one serotype was associated with significantly increased mortality at 12 months (19 F), but no individual serotypes were associated with increased mortality at 36 months. Two serotypes had statistically significant hazard ratios (HR) for longer-term mortality: serotype 1 for reduced mortality (HR 0·51, 95% CI 0·30–0·86) and serotype 9N for increased mortality (HR 2·30, 95% CI 1·29–4·37). The association with serotype 9N was no longer observed after limiting survival analysis to an observation period starting 30 days after diagnosis. This study supports the evidence for associations between serotype and short-term (30-day) mortality following IPD and provides the first evidence for the existence of statistically significant associations between individual serotypes and longer-term variation in mortality following IPD.
Dynamics of dormancy during seed development of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Huang Shoubing , Gruber Sabine , Stockmann Falko , Claupein Wilhelm 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSeed dormancy is a critical factor in determining seed persistence in the soil and can create oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) volunteer problems in subsequent years. A 3-year field trial in south-west Germany investigated the effects of seed maturity on primary dormancy and disposition to secondary dormancy of ten oilseed rape varieties (lines) in 2009 and 2010, and of five imidazolinone-tolerant varieties (hybrids) in 2014. Fresh seeds were sampled weekly from about 30 d after flowering (DAF) until full maturity and tested for dormancy on the day of seed collection. Primary dormancy decreased from a high level of 70−99% at 30−40 DAF to 0−15% after 7−14 d, coinciding with embryo growth and depending on variety and year. For some oilseed rape varieties, 30−50% primary dormancy was still present in mature seeds. Depending on variety, disposition to secondary dormancy was nearly zero at the early stage of seed development, increased to its highest level during development, and decreased afterwards. Some varieties maintained a high level of secondary dormancy at maturity or during the entire seed development period. The correlation between primary dormancy and secondary dormancy was significantly positive at early seed development (r = 0.95, 50 DAF), but declined in mature seeds. Environmental conditions during ripening are also expected to affect dormancy dynamics. The deeper insights into dormancy formation of oilseed rape provide the possibility to improve harvest time and harvest method, and to better assess the potential for volunteer oilseed rape in following crops.
Sequential Approach-Avoidance Movements
Authors: Topolinski Sascha , Bakhtiari Giti 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The affective consequences of sequential approach-avoidance movements in the mouth were investigated. Participants (total N = 872) received words for which consonantal stricture spots either wandered first-inward-then-outward (e.g., FOLOKOLOF; approach-avoidance) or first-outward-then-inward (e.g., KOLOFOLOK; avoidance-approach) in the mouth. In a pilot study, it was established that first-inward-then-outward (first-outward-then-inward) is associated with negative disgust (positive ingestion) reactions (Experiment 1). Approach-avoidance sequences were preferred less than avoidance-approach sequences (Experiments 2a–3b); and this effect disappeared under oral motor-interference (Experiment 4). Experiment 5 provides evidence that a mere recency effect is an unlikely explanation for these effects. Thus, sequentially executed oral approach and avoidance movements do not cancel each other out but jointly influence resulting affective responses.
Poverty and its Dynamics in Uganda
Authors: Campenhout Bjorn Van , Sekabira Haruna , Aduayom Dede Houeto 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
During the past few decades, Uganda has experienced substantial economic growth, which has been attributed to the new government that has implemented a far-reaching economic reforms agenda, transforming Uganda into one of the most liberal economies in sub-Saharan Africa. The growth has been accompanied by equally impressive declines in the levels of poverty as reported by the government. However, official poverty estimates are based on an outdated poverty line that does not take into account spatial variation in diets. We therefore update poverty estimates using a new set of utility-consistent poverty lines. In addition, we also look at poverty transitions using recent panel data, and try to identify what household characteristics matter for subsequent transitions.
IBD: In Food We Trust
Authors: Marion-Letellier Rachel , Savoye Guillaume , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and Aims:Both science and patients associate diet with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. There is no doubt that links between IBD and diet are numerous, based on both epidemiological studies and experimental studies. However, scientific evidence to support dietary advice is currently lacking, and dietary counselling for IBD patients is often limited in clinical practice to the improvement of nutrient intake. This review aimed to focus on both patient’s beliefs about and molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between nutrients and inflammation.Methods:A literature search using PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies on diet and/or nutrients and their role in IBD. Pubmed [from inception to January 20, 2016] was searched using the terms: ‘Crohn’, ‘colitis’,’ intestinal epithelial cells’, and a list of terms relating to diet or numerous specific nutrients. Terms associated with nutrients were individually tested in the context of IBD. Reference lists from studies selected were manually searched to identify further relevant reports. Manuscripts about diet in the context of IBD from basic science, epidemiological studies, or clinical trials were selected and reviewed. Only articles published in English were included.Results:Epidemiological studies highlight the key role of diet in IBD development, and many IBD patients report diet as a triggering factor in relapse of disease. In addition, we present research on the impact of nutrients on innate immunity.Conclusion:Diet may offer an alternative approach to restoring deficient innate immunity in IBD, and this may be the scientific rationale for providing dietary counselling for IBD patients.
Genome reduction in an abundant and ubiquitous soil bacterial lineage
Authors: Brewer Tess E , Handley Kim M , Carini Paul , Gibert Jack A , Fierer Noah 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough bacteria within theVerrucomicrobiaphylum are pervasive in soils around the world, they are underrepresented in both isolate collections and genomic databases. Here we describe a single verrucomicrobial phylotype within the classSpartobacteriathat is not closely related to any previously described taxa. We examined >1000 soils and found this spartobacterial phylotype to be ubiquitous and consistently one of the most abundant soil bacterial phylotypes, particularly in grasslands, where it was typically the most abundant phylotype. We reconstructed a nearly complete genome of this phylotype from a soil metagenome for which we propose the provisional name ‘CandidatusUdaeobacter copiosus’. TheCa. U. copiosus genome is unusually small for soil bacteria, estimated to be only 2.81 Mbp compared to the predicted effective mean genome size of 4.74 Mbp for soil bacteria. Metabolic reconstruction suggests thatCa. U. copiosus is an aerobic chemoorganoheterotroph with numerous amino acid and vitamin auxotrophies. The large population size, relatively small genome and multiple putative auxotrophies characteristic ofCa. U. copiosus suggests that it may be undergoing streamlining selection to minimize cellular architecture, a phenomenon previously thought to be restricted to aquatic bacteria. Although many soil bacteria need relatively large, complex genomes to be successful in soil,Ca. U. copiosus appears to have identified an alternate strategy, sacrificing metabolic versatility for efficiency to become dominant in the soil environment.
Market perceptions of liquid sovereign Sukūk: a new asset class?
Authors: Nienhaus Volker , Karatas Abdullah 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore whether the market perceives liquid international sovereign sukūk as distinct from comparable bonds and as an asset class of their own that could shield investors against turbulences in the bond markets.

Design/methodology/approach
If sukūk and bonds belong to the same asset class, then basically the same supply and demand factors determine inverstors’ activities in both markets. This should lead to matching patterns of yield curves for sukūk and bonds comparable in terms of issuers, maturity, currency, size, liquidity and rating. Only a rough analysis of holding and trading patterns of conventional and Islamic sukūk investors was possible, as most sukūk market transactions are “over-the-counter” and not registered in the Bloomberg database. However, price information could be used for an analysis of yield curves of liquid sovereign sukūk and comparable bonds.

Findings
Conventional investors participate in the sukūk market, but their influence on prices is rather small, as they act primarily as intermediaries (i.e. market makers) as opposed to price setters. The yield curves of the selected bonds and sukūk widely match. This suggests that bonds and liquid sovereign sukūk belong to the same asset class. Furthermore, as turbulences in conventional markets are also reflected in the sukūk markets, Islamic investors themselves play a role in the transmission.

Research limitations/implications
The study of holding patterns and of the market perception of sovereign sukūk and bonds required a focus on four countries with deep and (potentially) liquid sukūk markets (Malaysia, Turkey, Indonesia and Hong Kong) and US$-denominated international securities. Some suitable combinations of sukūk and bonds are relatively young issuances with time series data for two to three years only. Data on holding patterns are sketchy and require interpretations based on market knowledge.

Practical implications
Parallel yield curves indicate that conventional investors do not perceive international sovereign sukūk as an asset class of their own distinct from conventional government bonds. This market perception of liquid international sovereign sukūk could have an impact on other types of sukūk (e.g. on international corporate sukūk) if sovereign sukūk are taken as pricing and performance benchmarks.

Originality/value
The paper sheds light on institutional investor behavior in the bond and sukūk markets and outlines data availability issues that constrain quantitative analyses in over-the-counter markets.
Editorial: beyond publish or perish: the importance of citations and how to get them
Authors: Baron Steve , Russell-Bennett Rebekah 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of citations as a success metric and provide practical tips for increasing citations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors build on previous commentators to provide evidence for citations.

Findings
The purpose of academia is not to merely publish. It is to contribute to the body of knowledge. This means shifting focus from publishing as an end goal to publishing as a means to an end.

Originality/value
The editorial reminds scholars of their duty to science and the need to take individual responsibility for the spread of knowledge. The generation of citations is not a difficult process as illustrated by the practical tips offered.
Extinction risk of North American seed plants elevated by climate and land‐use change
Authors: Zhang Jian , Nielsen Scott E. , Chen Youhua , Georges Damien , Qin Yuchu , Wang Si‐Shuo , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Climate and land‐use change are expected to substantially alter future plant species distributions leading to higher extinction rates. However, little is known about how plant species ranges, richness and phylogenetic diversity of continents will be affected by these dynamics.

We address this gap here by examining the patterns of species' distributions and phylogenetic relationships for 7465 seed plant taxa in North America. An ensemble of species distribution models was used to estimate the potential suitable habitat of species under different sets of climate, land‐use and dispersal constraint scenarios. We then evaluated the vulnerability and extinction risk of individual species to changes in climate and land use, and examined whether rare, endangered and evolutionarily distinct species were disproportionally threatened by climate and land‐use change.

We show that ~2000 species may lose >80% of their suitable habitats under the A1b emission scenario for the 2080s, while ~100 species may experience >80% range expansions (a 20 : 1 ratio of loss to gain). When considering >50% range retraction and expansion, the ratio of loss to gain was 13 : 1. A greater loss of species diversity is expected at low latitudes, while larger gains are expected at high latitudes. Evolutionarily distinct species are predicted to have significantly higher extinction risks than extant species. This suggests a disproportionate future loss of phylogenetic diversity for the North American flora.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides continental‐scale evidence of plant species extinction risk caused by future climate and land‐use change, and highlights the importance of integrating phylogenetic measures into conservation risk assessments. This work provides insight into the status, trends and threats for a large share of North America's plant species by identifying risks and prioritizing conservation in a rapidly changing world.
Prescribed fire and conifer removal promote positive understorey vegetation responses in oak woodlands
Authors: Livingston Amy C. , Varner J. Morgan , Jules Erik S. , Kane Jeffrey M. , Arguello Leonel A. 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Fire‐prone woodlands and savannas world‐wide face management challenges resulting from fire exclusion and subsequent encroachment of fire‐sensitive trees. In the Pacific Northwest (USA), Quercus garryana oak woodlands and savannas are threatened by encroachment from the native conifer Pseudotsuga menziesii in the absence of fire.

In the Bald Hills of Redwood National Park (California, USA), prescribed fire and conifer removal have been used to restore encroached woodlands. We examined the effects of encroachment and restoration on understorey vegetation, comparing four treatments: prescribed fire, prescribed fire and conifer removal, conifer removal, and encroached (control).

Treatments including prescribed fire had the greatest native species richness. These two treatments also had the greatest non‐native species richness, at both the site level and the treatment level. Woodlands treated with conifer removal and no prescribed fire were intermediate in species richness and diversity compared to burned treatments and encroached woodlands. Encroached woodlands had diminished richness and diversity compared to all restoration treatments. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination demonstrated that conifer basal area, conifer litter and fine wood were associated with low species richness and diversity and that elevation and thatch were associated with higher species richness and diversity. Indicator species analysis identified that most native species and non‐native species were associated with burned woodlands that were never encroached.

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that both prescribed fire and conifer removal have benefits for understorey plant communities, increasing species richness, diversity and cover in oak woodlands and shifting understorey communities from forest‐associated species to more woodland‐associated species. Restoration of remnant Quercus garryana oak woodlands is complicated by the persistence and abundance of non‐native herbaceous plants.
Progress on lipid extraction from wet algal biomass for biodiesel production
Authors: Ghasemi Naghdi Forough , González González Lina M , Chan William , Schenk Peer M 
Published: May 2016

SummaryLipid recovery and purification from microalgal cells continues to be a significant bottleneck in biodiesel production due to high costs involved and a high energy demand. Therefore, there is a considerable necessity to develop an extraction method which meets the essential requirements of being safe, cost‐effective, robust, efficient, selective, environmentally friendly, feasible for large‐scale production and free of product contamination. The use of wet concentrated algal biomass as a feedstock for oil extraction is especially desirable as it would avoid the requirement for further concentration and/or drying. This would save considerable costs and circumvent at least two lengthy processes during algae‐based oil production. This article provides an overview on recent progress that has been made on the extraction of lipids from wet algal biomass. The biggest contributing factors appear to be the composition of algal cell walls, pre‐treatments of biomass and the use of solvents (e.g. a solvent mixture or solvent‐free lipid extraction). We compare recently developed wet extraction processes for oleaginous microalgae and make recommendations towards future research to improve lipid extraction from wet algal biomass.