bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of duodenally-delivered Shakuyakukanzoto (Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang) on duodenal peristalsis during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fujinami Haruka , Kajiura Shinya , Nishikawa Jun , Ando Takayuki , Sugiyama Toshiro 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background
Anti-cholinergic agents may be used to inhibit duodenal peristalsis, but they may have adverse effects. Shakuyakukanzoto (Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang) has an anti-spasmodic effect and has been used before for oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. This randomised clinical trial aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Shakuyakukanzoto on duodenal peristalsis, and its usefulness when administered into the duodenum just before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods
Participants were recruited between June 2008 and December 2010. All were aged ≥18 years and provided written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: acute pancreatitis, a history of ischemic heart disease, prostatic hypertrophy or glaucoma, and altered/postsurgical upper gastrointestinal anatomy. The recruited participants were randomly assigned to the Shakuyakukanzoto group and control group. Shakuyakukanzoto 100 mg/mL solution or placebo (warm water) was administered directly as a spray into the duodenum during endoscopy. Efficacy was evaluated by observing the extent of duodenal peristalsis and assessing the difficulty of cannulating the common bile duct, the required time (RT) from administration to inhibition of duodenal peristalsis and the stop duration time (DT, the duration for which peristalsis was inhibited). Side effects were evaluated by measuring serum potassium concentration after ERCP.

Results
Of 28 participants, 15 were assigned to the Shakuyakukanzoto group and 13 to the control group. Duodenal peristalsis was inhibited in eight of the 10 eligible participants (80.0%) in the Shakuyakukanzoto group and none (0%) of the nine eligible participants in the control group (P = 0.026). In the Shakuyakukanzoto group, mean RT (±standard deviation) was 76.0 ± 23.9 s and DT was 11.3 ± 4.2 min. No adverse effects were observed in the Shakuyakukanzoto group during or after ERCP.

Conclusion
Duodenal peristalsis can be inhibited by spraying Shakuyakukanzoto solution directly into the duodenum.
Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000011469
Monitoring the accumulated water soluble airborne compounds deposited on surfaces of showcases and walls in museums, archives and historical buildings
Authors: Skytte Lilian , Rasmussen Kaare Lund , Svensmark Bo , Ryhl-Svendsen Morten , Brimblecombe Peter 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Cultural heritage objects are subject to the deposition of a multitude of airborne pollutants even when kept inside museums, archives, historical buildings or showcases. Some of the pollutants are quickly deposited onto any available surface, including the interior walls and CH objects themselves. This might make the compounds seem absent from analyses of indoor air samples.

Context and purpose of the study
A new method of detecting water soluble pollutants without taking samples from the interior walls or from the CH objects themselves has been developed. The method involves sampling the pollutants accumulated on a surface near the CH object, e.g. a nearby wall or an interior glass surface of a showcase. The samples were obtained by gently flushing the surface with deionised water to collect the ions readily removed from the surface. The method was tested on a variety of surfaces.

Results and main findings
The flushed water were analysed with IC (Ion Chromatography) and ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and included ions of Al, As, Ba, Ca, CH3COOH, Cl, Co, (COOH)2, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, NH4, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti and Zn, and the ions NO3
−, PO4
3−, and SO4
2−. The resulting concentrations were converted to µEq, providing the ionic balance and the relative amounts of the ions and elements present. Ionic balance was observed on smooth and inert surfaces, but in some cases the chemistry of the wall contributed to the flush water. Solid samples of some of the surfaces have been analysed by XRF to clarify these more complex situations.

Conclusions
Clear results appear from smooth or well defined surfaces, whereas more complex situations arise when the underlying surface itself contributes to the flush water. The method is working very well and is easy and cheap to implement by curators and conservators, who can the send the flush water to specialized laboratories.

Brief summary
A new methodology capable of monitoring the accumulated airborne deposits on surfaces in showcases and historic buildings is presented and tested. The method is cheap and is easy to implement by curators and conservators and allows the assessment of threats to the CH objects which are not always observed by analyses of the indoor air.
Iconoclast artists: Creating spaces for improbable friendships
Authors: Russell Matthew , Lizama Marlon 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Iconoclast is a growing community of young artists that provides unique support and encouragement for hundreds of students from five of Houston’s public schools and two juvenile detention centres. Founded in 2014 by Marlon Lizama and Matthew Russell, Iconoclast is seeking to cultivate a new imagination among the next generation of young writers, poets and visual artists. Located primarily in the inner city, Iconoclast seeks to nurture improbable friendships that span the boundaries of race, religion, socio-economic groupings and ethnicity, and give the art that emerges a platform. By coming together to write, discuss ideas and perform, Iconoclast is building a different reality for our students and our city. In the following article, drawn from interviews with Mick Gowar, Marlon Lizama and Matthew Russell, I trace the roots of Iconoclast in their own personal histories, outline the achievements of Iconoclast so far, and set out their hopes for the future of the project.
Alienated majesty (redux): Geoffrey Hill and ‘a theology of language’
Authors: Helms Travis 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article offers a critical ‘appreciation’ of Geoffrey Hill and his ‘theology of language’, specifically as it is embedded in his prose essays and sequences of poetry. By examining Hill’s remarks on language’s fallenness and poetry as ‘an act of at-one-ment’, and by demonstrating the ways in which three of Hill’s poetic sequences embody or enact those claims, it underscores the ways in which Hill continues the work of ‘theo-poetic’ thinkers such as Milton, Coleridge, Emerson and Whitman – and importantly departs from it. Situated in the context of this tradition, Hill is given tribute as a highly original theological thinker.
Reviews
Authors: Giubilaro Chiara , Comberiati Daniele , Cianetti Alessandra 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

African Migrants and Europe: Managing the Ultimate Frontier, Lorenzo Rinelli (2016)
London and New York: Routledge, 187 pp.,
ISBN: 9781138800519, h/bk, £90

The Somali Within: Language, Race and Belonging in ‘Minor’ Italian Literature, Simone Brioni (2015)
Oxford: Legenda, 176 pp.,
ISBN: 9781909662643, h/bk, £55

Portable Borders: Performance Art and Politics on the U.S. Frontera since 1984, Ila Nicole Sheren (2015)
Austin: Texas University Press, 212 pp.,
ISBN: 9781477302262, h/bk, £45.00; p/bk, £17.99
Timbuktu in Terror: Architecture and Iconoclasm in Contemporary Africa
Authors: Apotsos Michelle Moore 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In March 2012, the West African nation of Mali experienced a military coup that paved the way for a regional Islamic coalition known as Ansar Dine to seize control of the northern parts of the country. After imposing a highly conservative form of Islamic governance on the region, Ansar Dine went on to perpetrate numerous violent and devastating acts upon the architectural landscape in and around Timbuktu in the name of that doctrine. Yet the nature of the architectural sites selected for destruction, and the performative, almost ritualistic quality of these processes of erasure, suggest that perhaps the impetus behind Ansar Dine’s actions were less straightforward. This article explores the motivations behind Ansar Dine’s iconoclastic programme in Timbuktu through the lens of the city’s identity as both a historical intersection of global currents and a contemporary site of international heritage. Viewed through the lens of these identities, Ansar Dine’s destructive campaign extends beyond an exercise in religious orthodoxy to become a mode of self-fashioning a globally extremist identity.
The emerging ‘Alternative’ journalism paradigm: Arab journalists and online news
Authors: Douai Aziz , Moussa Mohamed Ben 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The shifting political landscape in the Middle East and North Africa have riveted the world’s attention and drawn media scholars’ scrutiny to the ‘Arab Internet’ at large. Despite this attention, research on the ‘Arab Internet’ has not received its due, and it is even more limited when it comes to exploring online news and journalism. Scholarly works and mainstream media commentary on the subject continue to be predominantly anecdotal with little support from grounded data and evidence. Striving to fill this gap, we argue in this article that the Internet’s seeds of the ‘Arab Spring’ were fomenting for years, slowly but perceptibly transforming Arab news and journalism. To understand these social upheavals requires a dissection of ‘online journalism’, i.e. the new forms of journalistic practice facilitated by the Web. This article analyses the burgeoning online journalism field in the Arab world, and debates the journalism shifts wrought by the Internet, and the future of journalism practices in the Arab world. We argue that Arab online journalists are constructing a new mode of professional practice, best described as ‘alternative’ journalism practice.
Revisiting online banner advertising recall: An experimental study of the factors affecting banner recall in an Arab context
Authors: Khattab Lina , Mahrous Abeer A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This study focuses on identifying the factors that affect online banner advertising recall in Egypt. Based on previous literature and an exploratory study, three main independent variables were chosen to examine their simultaneous effect on advertising recall. These variables are exposure duration (Short/Long), task orientation (Surfer/Goal) and website context (Simple/Complex). Also, two moderating factors – the level of involvement and attitude towards websites – were considered in order to study their effect on the relationship between the examined independent variables and advertising recall. An experimental factorial design (2×2×2) was used to examine the effect of each of the possible scenarios and combinations of independent variables on ad recall. A non-probability quota sample was used. The results showed that 34% did not even remember seeing an ad on the website and only 10% recalled the brand name correctly from the first question. Only a significant interaction effect of exposure duration, task orientation and website context on ad recall was found.
Gender and critical media-information literacy in the digital age: Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria
Authors: Mudhai Okoth Fred , Wright Bianca , Musa Aliyu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In 1985 Kenya hosted the UN World Congress on Women to tackle gender-based violence (GBV) and enhance women’s standing generally, but recently, in 2014, the country experienced a wave of public stripping of women – some captured on video and distributed via social media. These human rights violations, especially in Nairobi, happened in a nation that has witnessed three decades of pro-women activism bloom and whose constitution prescribes gender equity, with recent laws toughening punishment for sexual offences. Yet similarly worrying waves of GBV have occurred in other African countries. Focusing on Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria, we use constructivist theory of framing and discourse analyses of media and interview texts to examine the extent to which purposively selected digital era change agents use mainstream and social media to aid critical literacy in their capacitybuilding bid to alter retrogressive attitudes harmful to women’s rights and progress.
Twitter and the Oscar Pistorius trial
Authors: Scott Katy 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Twitter is an instrument for sharing and communication employed by professional reporters, citizen journalists and everyday users. The platform provides space for everything from the live reporting of breaking events to the discussion of the unfolding of these events. This study explores how South African journalists are challenging and adapting traditional journalistic conventions in their live tweeting of the Oscar Pistorius murder trial. It examines the tweets of five South African journalists covering the trial, focusing especially on the role of the journalist in terms of their commitment to objectivity, accountability as well as their gatekeeping role.
Mapping experience in reportage drawing
Authors: Netter Louis 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Reportage drawing is a revelatory act that combines the challenges of quick, gestural drawing with a level of accuracy in the depiction of people and places. Add to that the complications of working in sometimes hostile or, at the very least, less than ideal environments and you have a highly unique drawing act. Reportage drawing, through its quick execution necessitated by environmental flux and other conditions, also provides a window into the genesis of the drawing. The momentary, intuitive process fluctuates between the observed, the imagined and the remembered. Looking at the way in which the drawing is rooted to the in situ experience and notions of place, artists engage in reportage drawing in highly individual ways, balancing intent with the demands of observation in fluid environments. Experience here is twofold: the experience of negotiating the location and the experience of drawing itself. Through interviews conducted with reportage artists Jill Gibbon, Gary Embury as well as my own work and reflections, the aims and intentions of the artists will be compared and contrasted, and tensions between the journalistic and social commentary aims will be explored through individual practice. Jill Gibbon’s practice and research looks at the potential in reportage drawing for political, even radical, expression. Her War Mart work is explored here, which clearly reveals her reportage process, secretly drawing at an arms trading event in London and creating evocative commentary through her hurried, immediate drawings. Gary Embury is the editor of the Reportager website, which provides a crucial platform for contemporary reportage practice. His work is characterized by raw observation and his declared aims for his work are journalistic. This work has great immediacy and reveals the simultaneity between observation and action in drawing. Through a narrative of the experience creating their work in differing environments, the work will be seen as the summation of experience and the complex intentions and self-imposed limitations of the artists, contributing to an intimate look at contemporary reportage practice.
The transitional state and the ambivalences of actor training
Authors: Tuisku Hannu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article investigates the transitional aspect of actor training, especially the role of transitional turmoil as part of an actor’s training process, and the ambivalences that turn up in training situations that seek to create transitions. Drawing on the psychophysical actor training by Jouko Turkka at the Theatre Academy Helsinki in the 1980s and interviews of his former students the author studies the relationship between the aim to foster the appearance of both the transitional and the creative state and deliberate destabilizing acts that lead to apparent violations of the actor students’ integrity. What features of this kind of training can we adopt and what should we delete in our search for modern, ethically sustainable ways of training? At the same time the author has to ask, are the things that destabilize us, possessing the potential to change us, the things that we truly remember?
Materializing virtual reality: The performativity of skin, body and costume in Tobias Bernstrup’s artwork
Authors: Kjellmer Viveka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Swedish artist Tobias Bernstrup (b. 1970) works with multimedia, music, performance, video and computer games. He creates fictional alter egos in his works and returns to his characters in an ongoing re-mediation, digitally or in real-world artistic performances. In explicit stage costumes made of latex, leather and metal, Bernstrup performs in the interface between digital character, human being and artwork. The costume becomes a bearer of physical experiences, a bridge between the portrayed and the perceived. Through our gaze, bodily experiences are transferred in the form of embodied knowledge or haptic vision. Materiality conveys meaning and communicates with our tactile memory through glossy latex, cold metal or bare skin. The costume is a paradoxical entity: both an inseparable part of the artist’s body in the performance process and something that can be removed, yet remains part of the character. The nude body onstage can be seen as another costume, the bare skin serving as an interface between visual and physical experience. Bernstrup and his virtual alter egos slip between existences where skin, body and costume tie his virtual and physical realities together.
Sleeve notes: PJ Harvey’s Gothic world
Authors: Gardner Abigail , Flint-Nicol Katerina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Leg-of-mutton sleeves, Victorian mourning feathers, stiff, white governess dresses; Harvey’s costumes for her performances on stage and in music video for the three albums White Chalk (2007), Let England Shake (2011) and The Hope Six Demolition Project (2016) position her as English Gothic. Referencing literary and cinematic readings of the term, this article argues that Harvey performs an English, Victorian Gothic. We argue that she recuperates the female Gothic for contemporary times allowing it resonance beyond its literary and cinematic beginnings. Drawing on some of those literary and cinematic debates on the Gothic and the eerie, we consider how her costumes across these albums showcase ‘remnants’ both of the past and, of the forgotten. Harvey stitches those stories into her performances, allowing her to present spectres of both the past and present in the form of the forgotten, excluded and misunderstood.
Pop Star to Opera Star: Labour, skill and value in musical performance
Authors: Till Nicholas 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The British TV show Pop Star to Opera Star (2010/2011) was a contribution to a well-worn reality TV genre in which people are challenged to undertake a professional activity in which they have no prior experience. In this article I examine the way in which popular challenge programmes such as Pop Star to Opera Star, which suggest that highly skilled activities can be ‘faked’ with no more than a few day’s training, stage what art theorist John Roberts describes as ‘the generalised deskilling of labour under capitalism’. And I argue that in particular, the historical transvaluation of musical performance skills throughout the capitalist era exposes the contradictions that are inherent in both social and cultural constructions of the value of labour under capitalism.
Heritage, home and heredity: Performing English cultural identity in The Last Ship
Authors: Macpherson Ben 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article considers the performance of English cultural identity through a reading of Sting’s semi-autobiographical musical, The Last Ship, seen on Broadway in 2014. Drawing on historical concepts of English identity and studies of regional social identity in Wallsend – the north-east English town where The Last Ship is set, I suggest that the musical presents an English identity that is uneasy with its present, and a songwriter uneasy with his past. Specifically, I consider the three iterations of the title song, considering the intrinsic relationship between myth and material environment. First, in a sermon by the local parish priest, Jim O’Brien, ‘the last ship’ offers a metaphor that locates the northern shipbuilding industry as a global bastion of British heritage. In a version by shipyard foreman Jackie White, the display of quixotism evidences a parochialism and localism that configures a specific version of ‘home’ and community—one which did not find resonance with a Broadway audience. Finally, the third iteration is read as a performance of heredity and familial reconciliation, the song of a writer – and a nation – at sea, struggling to find harbour.
Performance Reviews
Authors: Graziano John , Lodge Mary Jo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
CABIN IN THE SKY, BOOK BY LYNN ROOT, LYRICS BY JOHN LATOUCHE, MUSIC BY VERNON DUKE, DIRECTED BY REUBEN SANTIAGO-HUDSON New York, City Center, February 2016
THE COLOR PURPLE, BOOK BY MARSHA NORMAN, MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BRENDA RUSSELL, ALLEE WILLIS AND STEPHEN BRAY, DIRECTED BY JOHN DOYLE Bernard R. Jacobs Theater, New York, 20 February 2016
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping In Gastric Cancer Surgery: Current Status
Authors: Bara Tivadar , Bara Tivadar , Neagoe Radu , Sala Daniela , Gurzu Simona , Jung Ioan , Borz Cristian 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Lymphonodular metastases remain an important predictive and prognostic factor in gastric cancer development. The precise determination of the lymphonodular invasion stage can be made only by extended intraoperative lymphadenectomy and histopathological examination. But the main controversy is the usefulness of extended lymph dissection in early gastric cancer. This increases the duration of the surgery and the complications rate, and it is unnecessary without lymphonodular invasion. The identification of the sentinel lymph nodes has been successfully applied for some time in the precise detection of lymph nodes status in breast cancer, malignant melanoma and the use for gastric cancer patients has been a controversial issue. The good prognosis in early gastric cancer had been a surgery challenge, which led to the establishment of minimally invasive individualized treatment and acceptance of sentinel lymph node mapping. The dual-tracer method, submucosally administered endoscopically is also recommended in sentinel lymph node biopsy by laparoscopic approach. There are new sophisticated technologies for detecting sentinel lymph node such as: infrared ray endoscopy, florescence imaging and near-infrared technology, carbon nanoparticles, which will open new perspectives in sentinel lymph nodes mapping.