bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing predictive profiles for patient‐based risk assessment and diagnostics of plaque induced, surgically and prosthetically triggered peri‐implantitis
Authors: Canullo Luigi , Tallarico Marco , Radovanovic Sandro , Delibasic Boris , Covani Ugo , Rakic Mia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether specific predictive profiles for patient‐based risk assessment/diagnostics can be applied in different subtypes of peri‐implantitis.Materials and methodsThis study included patients with at least two implants (one or more presenting signs of peri‐implantitis). Anamnestic, clinical, and implant‐related parameters were collected and scored into a single database. Dental implant was chosen as the unit of analysis, and a complete screening protocol was established. The implants affected by peri‐implantitis were then clustered into three subtypes in relation to the identified triggering factor: purely plaque‐induced or prosthetically or surgically triggered peri‐implantitis. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the characteristics and risk factors between peri‐implantitis and healthy implants, as well as to compare clinical parameters and distribution of risk factors between plaque, prosthetically and surgically triggered peri‐implantitis. The predictive profiles for subtypes of peri‐implantitis were estimated using data mining tools including regression methods and C4.5 decision trees.ResultsA total of 926 patients previously treated with 2812 dental implants were screened for eligibility. Fifty‐six patients (6.04%) with 332 implants (4.44%) met the study criteria. Data from 125 peri‐implantitis and 207 healthy implants were therefore analyzed and included in the statistical analysis. Within peri‐implantitis group, 51 were classified as surgically triggered (40.8%), 38 as prosthetically triggered (30.4%), and 36 as plaque‐induced (28.8%) peri‐implantitis. For peri‐implantitis, 51 were associated with surgical risk factor (40.8%), 38 with prosthetic risk factor (30.4%), 36 with purely plaque‐induced risk factor (28.8%). The variables identified as predictors of peri‐implantitis were female sex (OR = 1.60), malpositioning (OR = 48.2), overloading (OR = 18.70), and bone reconstruction (OR = 2.35). The predictive model showed 82.35% of accuracy and identified distinguishing predictive profiles for plaque, prosthetically and surgically triggered peri‐implantitis. The model was in accordance with the results of risk analysis being the external validation for model accuracy.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that plaque induced and prosthetically and surgically triggered peri‐implantitis are different entities associated with distinguishing predictive profiles; hence, the appropriate causal treatment approach remains necessary. The advanced data mining model developed in this study seems to be a promising tool for diagnostics of peri‐implantitis subtypes.
Studying citizen science through adaptive management and learning feedbacks as mechanisms for improving conservation
Authors: Jordan Rebecca , Gray Steven , Sorensen Amanda , Newman Greg , Mellor David , Newman Greg , Hmelo‐Silver Cindy , LaDeau Shannon , Biehler Dawn , Crall Alycia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCitizen science has generated a growing interest among scientists and community groups, and citizen science programs have been created specifically for conservation. We examined collaborative science, a highly interactive form of citizen science, which we developed within a theoretically informed framework. In this essay, we focused on 2 aspects of our framework: social learning and adaptive management. Social learning, in contrast to individual‐based learning, stresses collaborative and generative insight making and is well‐suited for adaptive management. Adaptive‐management integrates feedback loops that are informed by what is learned and is guided by iterative decision making. Participants engaged in citizen science are able to add to what they are learning through primary data collection, which can result in the real‐time information that is often necessary for conservation. Our work is particularly timely because research publications consistently report a lack of established frameworks and evaluation plans to address the extent of conservation outcomes in citizen science. To illustrate how our framework supports conservation through citizen science, we examined how 2 programs enacted our collaborative science framework. Further, we inspected preliminary conservation outcomes of our case‐study programs. These programs, despite their recent implementation, are demonstrating promise with regard to positive conservation outcomes. To date, they are independently earning funds to support research, earning buy‐in from local partners to engage in experimentation, and, in the absence of leading scientists, are collecting data to test ideas. We argue that this success is due to citizen scientists being organized around local issues and engaging in iterative, collaborative, and adaptive learning.
Autonomic nervous responses in colorectal polypectomy: Randomized controlled trial comparing air and carbon dioxide insufflation
Authors: Murakami Kenji , Kataoka Hiromi , Hayano Junichiro , Fukuta Hidekatsu , Mori Yoshinori , Nishiwaki Hirotaka , Mizoshita Tsutomu , Tanaka Mamoru , Okamoto Yasuyuki , Shimura Takaya , Hirata Yoshikazu , Mizushima Takashi , Ebi Masahide , Joh Takashi 
Published: November 2015

Background and AimCarbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation devices are commonly used for endoscopic examination and treatment. In this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), we compared patient acceptance, cardiovascular tolerance, and autonomic nervous responses between patients receiving air insufflation and CO2 insufflation.MethodsWe initially enrolled 170 patients and, of these, 158 patients in total were analyzed (air group, 83; CO2 group, 75). Autonomic nervous responses were evaluated by analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Primary end point was superiority in the effects of CO2 insufflation on the autonomic nervous system by HRV analysis.ResultsVisual analog scale disclosed significantly less abdominal pain and abdominal fullness with CO2. Percentage heart rate change rate at 1 h and 4 h after the procedure was also significantly lower in the CO2 group than in the air group (1 h after: P < 0.01, 4 h after: P < 0.05). Comparison based on age showed that % heart rate change was significantly lower in the younger CO2 patients (just after colonoscopy and 1 h after: P < 0.01, 4 h after: P < 0.05), but this difference was not apparent in an older group of patients.ConclusionsThis is the first RCT showing that colorectal polypectomy using CO2 insufflation significantly decreases abdominal pain and abdominal fullness common in such patients with lowered stress to the autonomous nervous system. The effects using CO2 insufflation on the sympathetic nervous system also seemed to be more prominent among younger patients.
Inter‐individual variation in shivering behaviour in the migratory painted lady Vanessa cardui
Authors: DUCATEZ SIMON , BAGUETTE MICHEL 
Published: November 2015

1. Thermoregulation abilities are likely to play a fundamental role in ectotherms' response to current environmental changes, including through their implication in interspecies and interindividual variations in life‐history strategies (e.g. dispersal syndromes). However, differences in thermoregulatory behaviours, and especially interindividual differences, are largely neglected in the literature, and there is still no global understanding of their importance in determining population and evolutionary processes, even in extensively studied taxa such as butterflies.2. Interindividual variation in shivering in the painted lady, a migratory butterfly, was investigated. This behaviour has been very poorly studied, despite being widespread in insects in general, including butterflies. Using a warming experiment in the laboratory on 94 different individuals caught in the wild during the same migratory event, interindividual variation in shivering behaviour was investigated, and the effects of wing morphology and boldness (a behavioural axis known to be associated with mobility in butterflies) on shivering decision and efficiency were tested.3. The study shows that individuals strongly differ in their shivering behaviour. Wing morphology affected both individuals' decision on whether or not to use shivering and heating rate while shivering. In contrast, no effect was found of individuals' age and boldness on shivering decision and efficiency. The findings also reveal that shivering strongly increased heating rate and allowed higher flight temperatures to be reached, while bolder individuals also took off at higher temperatures.4. Overall, the results of the present study underline how variation in a neglected thermoregulatory behaviour could affect general life‐history strategies in butterflies, and stress the need to consider this behaviour when investigating butterfly life‐history syndromes.
Taxonomic identity determines N2 fixation by canopy trees across lowland tropical forests
Authors: Wurzburger Nina , Hedin Lars O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLegumes capable of fixing atmospheric N2 are abundant and diverse in many tropical forests, but the factors determining ecological patterns in fixation are unresolved. A long‐standing idea is that fixation depends on soil nutrients (N, P or Mo), but recent evidence shows that fixation may also differ among N2‐fixing species. We sampled canopy‐height trees across five species and one species group of N2‐fixers along a landscape P gradient, and manipulated P and Mo to seedlings in a shadehouse. Our results identify taxonomy as the major determinant of fixation, with P (and possibly Mo) only influencing fixation following tree‐fall disturbances. While 44% of trees did not fix N2, other trees fixed at high rates, with two species functioning as superfixers across the landscape. Our results raise the possibility that fixation is determined by biodiversity, evolutionary history and species–specific traits (tree growth rate, canopy stature and response to disturbance) in the tropical biome.
Two occurrences of presumptive venous air embolism in a gelding during cystoscopy and perineal urethrotomy
Authors: Gordon E. , Schlipf J. W. , Husby K. A. , Tornquist S. J. , Bildfell R. J. , Semevolos S. A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA 14‐year‐old Arabian gelding presented for evaluation of macroscopic haematuria. Routine cystoscopy was performed under standing sedation during which the horse collapsed with apparent seizure activity. General anaesthesia was induced and the horse recovered neurologically normal. Four days later, during a perineal urethrotomy procedure, the horse experienced a similar collapse with seizure‐like activity. General anaesthesia was again induced and cystoscopy performed through the urethrotomy incision. A ventral bladder mass was visualised and sampled. Cytology confirmed a neoplastic process and the horse was subjected to euthanasia. Histopathology confirmed transitional cell carcinoma. Air embolism was the suspected cause of loss of consciousness and seizure activity in both instances.
Safety profile of etifoxine: A French pharmacovigilance survey
Authors: Cottin Judith , Gouraud Aurore , Jean‐Pastor Marie‐Josèphe , Dautriche Anne Disson‐ , Boulay Charlène , Geniaux Hélène , Auffret Marine , Bernard Nathalie , Descotes Jacques , Vial Thierry 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEtifoxine chlorhydrate is a benzoxazine derivative approved for the treatment of psychosomatic manifestations of anxiety since 1979. Previously labeled adverse drug reactions (ADRs) only include drowsiness, benign cutaneous reactions, and acute hypersensitivity reactions. The objectives were to examine recent data on etifoxine‐related ADR by reviewing Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) recorded in France especially unexpected ADRs. Etifoxine‐related ICSRs were extracted from the French Pharmacovigilance database from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2012 and data from the marketing authorization holder up to 31 December 2011 were also obtained. Of the 350 cases retained for analysis, 123 (35%) were considered serious. Dermatological or acute hypersensitivity reactions were the most frequent ADRs (59%) mainly isolated cutaneous eruptions. However, there were 24 cases of severe toxidermia (DRESS in 5, erythema multiforme in 10 and Stevens–Johnson syndrome in 5) with etifoxine as the most suspected drug in 11 patients, and seven cases of vasculitis or serum sickness‐like reaction. Liver disorders were reported in 34 patients of whom 25 developed acute hepatitis with a cytolytic biological pattern in 16. Other unexpected ADRs included 16 reversible cases of metrorrhagia with positive rechallenge in 5, and three cases of biopsy‐proven microscopic colitis of which one recurred after etifoxine re‐administration. Although etifoxine has been marketed for more than 30 years, this survey identified a number of unexpected and sometimes serious ADRs, in particularly severe toxidermia and acute cytolytic hepatitis. A recent update of the French etifoxine summary of the product characteristics (SPC) was based on these findings.
Aquatic insect β‐diversity is not dependent on elevation in Southern Rocky Mountain streams
Authors: Harrington Rachel A. , Poff N. LeRoy , Kondratieff Boris C. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Relatively high β‐diversity among aquatic insect communities inhabiting high‐elevation streams is most commonly presumed to result from increased dispersal limitation between isolated mountaintop ‘islands’. However, these elevational patterns of β‐diversity have been predominately drawn from observed changes in community composition along single‐thread channels, where the downstream increase in habitat size and hydrologic connectivity provides potential alternative explanations.

In this study, we applied an alternative conceptual ‘tributary model’ to ask whether patterns of aquatic insect β‐diversity in similar‐sized, hydrologically disconnected streams showed a similar elevational gradient in diversity patterns as previously reported for conceptual ‘mainstem model’ studies. Aquatic insects were sampled from 24 low‐order, montane streams that are tributaries to larger rivers in three adjacent catchments spanning c. 2000–3500 m in elevation. We used relative abundance data to quantify two types of β‐diversity: (i) community turnover‐β, or the change in local diversity among adjacent streams along the elevational gradient within each catchment, and (ii) community variation‐β, or the change in local diversity among all streams within three elevation zones combined across catchments.

Our results provided evidence of no relationship between β‐diversity and elevation in aquatic insect communities in small montane streams. Community turnover‐β was found to be consistently high among sites within catchments and displayed no significant trend across the elevational gradient for any catchment. Community variation‐β showed a nonlinear response to elevation, with sites in the high‐elevation and low‐elevation zones having similarly high community variation‐β compared to sites in the mid‐elevation zone.

Our ‘tributary model’ results provide the first evidence that β‐diversity among small, isolated streams can have similar turnover rates across broad elevational gradients. Our results also show similar patterns of β‐diversity among low‐ and high‐elevation tributaries, suggesting that dispersal limitation is not restricted to high‐elevation streams.
Latitudinal gradient in niche breadth of brachyuran crabs
Authors: Papacostas Katherine J. , Freestone Amy L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimNiche breadth has long been hypothesized to decrease at low latitudes and contribute to global patterns of species diversity. Range size, phylogenetic relatedness and body size also have hypothesized relationships with both latitude and niche breadth, which may further affect niche breadth patterns. Existing terrestrial data are inconclusive and few data exist on latitudinal gradients in niche breadth in the marine realm. We tested the latitude–niche breadth relationship in a marine system while exploring the correlations of both variables with range size, and accounting for relatedness and body size.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled a global dataset on the dietary niche breadth of 39 brachyuran crab species from existing studies and additional analyses on species collected in Connecticut and Florida, USA and Bocas del Toro, Panama. Estimates of latitude, range size, clade and body size were obtained for each species. We then tested for correlations among focal variables and examined the strength of their relationships with diet breadth.ResultsLatitude was the strongest predictor of niche breadth in temperate species, and the latitude–niche breadth relationship was stronger in larger‐bodied species. The strongest predictor of the niche breadth of tropical species was clade, with the newest clade having the narrowest diet. Niche breadth was related to range size for both temperate and tropical species. Tropical species had larger ranges on average than temperate species.Main conclusionsWe found an interesting division in the niche breadth relationships of temperate and tropical species; diets of temperate species were positively correlated with latitude, range size and body size, and diets of tropical species were related to range size and clade. Therefore, only temperate species demonstrated the predicted positive relationship between niche breadth and latitude, while evolutionary history was a stronger predictor of niche breadth in tropical species.
Forage biomass, soil cover, stability and competition in perennial grass–legume pastures with different Paspalum species
Authors: Tejera M. , Speranza P. , Astigarraga L. , Picasso V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe short life span, irregular forage production and susceptibility to weed colonization of cool‐season grass–legume pastures are serious problems in grazing dairy systems in warm‐temperate regions. The inclusion of warm‐season species has the potential to mitigate these problems. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the inclusion of two warm‐season grasses with different growth habits on seasonal forage biomass, soil cover and weed colonization. Three different pasture mixtures were evaluated under grazing: conventional pasture (CP) [tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), white clover (Trifolium repens) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)], CP with Paspalum dilatatum and CP with Paspalum notatum (CP + Pn). Forage biomass and soil cover were sampled thirteen times during a 3‐year trial, and sampling times were grouped by season for the analyses. The mixtures with Paspalum showed higher soil cover in the autumn, while in the winter CP had higher soil cover than CP + Pn. Competition with tall fescue was similar between mixtures with Paspalum, when considering biomass, but it was higher in CP + Pn when considering soil cover. The inclusion of P. notatum increased biomass during the autumn but decreased the mixture performance during winter by reducing tall fescue soil cover. The addition of a warm‐season grass species with a moderate competing ability like P. dilatatum is likely to avoid a negative impact on the cool‐season component of the pasture.
Estimation of herbage biomass and nutritive status using band depth features with partial least squares regression in Inner Mongolia grassland, China
Authors: Gong Zhe , Kawamura Kensuke , Ishikawa Naoto , Inaba Mizuki , Alateng Dalai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough herbage biomass and nutrient status are widely assessed from hyperspectral measurements, certain difficulties are encountered in semiarid and arid regions with low canopy cover. This study investigated the potential of band depth approaches using partial least squares (PLS) regression to estimate herbage biomass and the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Field hyperspectral measurements and plant sampling were conducted in desert and typical steppes with different fertilizer levels. The PLS analyses of typical steppe, desert steppe and combined datasets were based on canopy reflectance and first derivative reflectance (FDR) at wavelengths of 400–1000 nm, with consideration of six band depth features extracted from the red absorption region (580–740 nm). The predictive accuracy of the standard full‐spectrum PLS (FS‐PLS) was compared with that of the iterative stepwise elimination PLS (ISE‐PLS) via the cross‐validated coefficient of determination (R2cv) and the ratio of prediction to standard deviation (RPD). In most of the datasets, the ISE‐PLS provided better predictive results than the FS‐PLS. The final models used band depth features to estimate herbage biomass (R2cv = 0.624–0.952, RPD = 1.506–4.539) and pasture N (R2cv = 0.437–0.888, RPD = 1.331–2.869) and reflectance and FDR to estimate pasture P (R2cv = 0.686–0.815, RPD = 1.754–2.267). The models could accurately estimate most of the grass parameters (RPD >1.5), with the exception of pasture N concentrations in the desert steppe dataset due to a range of variation that was too small. The band depth approach with ISE‐PLS improved the predictive ability of the method for estimating herbage biomass and the nutrient contents of grasses in sparse grasslands.
Programmed death ligand 1 expression in triple‐negative breast cancer is associated with tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and improved outcome
Authors: Beckers Rhiannon K , Selinger Christina I , Vilain Ricardo , Madore Jason , Wilmott James S , Harvey Kate , Holliday Anne , Cooper Caroline L , Robbins Elizabeth , Gillett David , Kennedy Catherine W , Gluch Laurence , Carmalt Hugh , Mak Cindy , Warrier Sanjay , Gee Harriet E , Chan Charles , McLean Anna , Walker Emily , McNeil Catriona M , Beith Jane M , Swarbrick Alexander , Scolyer Richard A , O'Toole Sandra A 
Published: November 2015

AimsTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients generally have a poor outcome; there is a pressing need to identify more effective therapeutic strategies. Clinical trials targeting programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) in melanoma and non‐small‐cell lung cancer have reported high response rates, and tumoral PDL1 expression has been suggested as a potential biomarker to enrich for patient response to these treatments. There are only very limited data to date reporting the expression of PDL1 in TNBC.Methods and resultsPDL1 immunohistochemistry was performed on 161 primary TNBCs and assessed in the tumour as well as immune cells in the stromal compartment. PDL1 expression was very common in TNBC, expressed in the tumour cell membrane (64%), cytoplasm (80%) and stromal (93%) cellular compartments. Cytoplasmic tumoral expression of PDL1 was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer‐specific death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.45, P = 0.035] while stromal PDL1 expression was associated with a lower rate of deaths from all causes (HR 0.305, P = 0.0042). Membranous expression of PDL1 was not associated with outcome. While both PDL1 expression and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with a better outcome, only lymphovascular invasion and high tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were independently prognostic for breast cancer‐specific death.ConclusionWhile PDL1 expression is frequent in TNBC, it was not independently prognostic. There were differences in outcome depending on the cellular compartment of PDL1 expression. These data provide further impetus for investigating the utility of immune checkpoint therapies in TNBC, given the clinical significance of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PDL1 expression in this cohort.