bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Process-Based Model for Cattle Manure Compost Windrows: Part 2. Model Performance and Application
Authors: Bonifacio Henry F. , Rotz C. Alan , Richard Tom L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. A model was developed and incorporated into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM, v.4.3) that simulates important processes occurring during windrow composting of manure. The model, documented in an accompanying article, predicts changes in windrow properties and conditions and the resulting emissions of C and N. Our objective in this article was to evaluate the performance of the compost windrow model. Model predictions were compared to published data from an independent cattle manure composting study that characterized static (no turning) and turned windrows composted over a 188-day period. The model did very well in simulating C and N losses for the turned windrow treatment, with predicted and measured cumulative C losses of 78% and 77%, respectively, and cumulative N losses of 55% and 57%, respectively, by day 99 of composting. By day 188 of composting, predicted cumulative N loss (56%) differed from measured (58%) by 2 percentage points only, whereas predicted cumulative C loss matched the corresponding measured value (80%). For the static windrow treatment, the model also did well in simulating cumulative C loss by day 99, with a difference of 5 percentage points between predicted (50%) and measured (45%) values. On the other hand, there was a difference of 12 percentage points between predicted (31%) and measured (19%) cumulative N losses for the static windrow by day 99. This discrepancy in simulating N loss for the static windrow treatment was not surprising, as the NH3 biofiltration effect of the finished compost cover on the actual static windrow was not modeled. After simulating the turning of the static windrow treatment on day 99, predicted and measured cumulative N losses by day 188 were equal at 44%. With the compost windrow model as a component, IFSM can be used to evaluate gaseous emissions from composted manure as influenced by windrow management practices and environmental conditions, along with other aspects of performance, environmental impact, and economics of cattle feeding operations. Simulating different composting strategies showed that addition of dry material to the cattle manure at the start of composting and turning of the manure windrow during composting produced a more stable organic soil amendment but caused greater carbon and nitrogen losses. Keywords: Cattle manure, Composting, Emissions, IFSM, Process-based modeling.
Quantifying the Effects of Future Climate Conditions on Runoff, Sediment, and Chemical Losses at Different Watershed Sizes
Authors: Wallace Carlington W. , Flanagan Dennis C. , Engel Bernard A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Quantifying the effects of climate change on watershed hydrology and agricultural chemical losses is imperative when developing appropriate management practices for agricultural watersheds. Agricultural management practices are often assessed at the watershed scale; therefore, understanding the influence of climate change at different watershed sizes can provide insight into the effectiveness of watershed management strategies. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and downscaled weather data generated using the MarkSim weather file generator were used to evaluate the potential impact of climate change in the hydrologically modified Cedar Creek (CCW), F34, AXL, and ALG watersheds located in northeastern Indiana. This study evaluated changes in surface flow, tile flow, sediment, and agricultural chemical losses based on an ensemble mean of the 17 general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). We found no clear evidence that watershed size had an impact on the simulation of climate change effects on discharge or nutrient losses. Results of this study indicated that predicted surface flow decreased significantly toward the end of this century (ranging from 9% in CCW to 22% in ALG), while predicted subsurface tile flow increased significantly (ranging from 20% in CCW to 26% in AXL). The percentage increases in predicted sediment loss for the CCW, AXL, and ALG watersheds were significant at a = 0.05, although the magnitudes of overall sediment losses were low, especially in the smaller monitored watersheds (F34, AXL, and ALG) in which several best management practices are implemented. Differences in predicted atrazine, soluble N, total N, and total P losses between the baseline period (1961-1990) and the end of this century were not significant for any of the watersheds, while increased predicted soluble P losses were only significant for the larger CCW and F34 watersheds. Keywords: Climate change, MarkSim, Surface flow, SWAT, Tile flow.
Mathematical Modeling of a Cross-Flow Rice Dryer
Authors: Prakash Bhagwati , Mukhopadhyay Sangeeta , Siebenmorgen Terry J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Cross-flow dryers are the most popular industrial-scale rice dryers used in the U.S., yet few mathematical models have been developed and rigorously validated for such dryers. In addition, the glass transition states of rice kernels have never been predicted using a deep-bed drying model. In this study, a mathematical model was developed that describes the distribution of grain and air properties throughout a cross-flow dryer column. The model was validated by performing experiments in a lab dryer that was fabricated to simulate cross-flow drying. The model predictions of grain and air properties were observed to be very close to the measured values in the drying experiments; the root mean square error between the predicted and measured values of rice MC, air temperature, and air RH were less than one percentage point, 5°C, and ten percentage points, respectively. The model was then used to predict the glass transition state of starch present in rice kernels throughout the dryer column. The impact of initial MC on the glass transition states of rice kernels during cross-flow drying was also illustrated. Such predictions of rice kernel material states allow the model to be used for rice fissuring research. Additionally, the model could be applied to optimize drying operation parameters as well as improve dryer design, so as to achieve greater drying capacity, milling quality, and energy efficiency in a commercial drying operation. Keywords: Cross-flow drying, Glass transition, Mathematical model, Rice drying.
Effects of Curing Time on the Performance of Volcanic Scoria-Based Binder Concretes
Authors: Al-Swaidani A. M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The objective of the presented paper is to investigate the performance of concrete containing volcanic scoria as cement replacement after 7, 28, 90, and 180 days curing. Five performance indicators have been studied. Compressive strength, water permeability, porosity, chloride penetrability, and reinforcement corrosion resistance have all been evaluated. Concrete specimens were produced with replacement levels ranging from 10 to 35%. Test results revealed that curing time had a large influence on all the examined performance indicators of scoria-based concrete. Water permeability, porosity, and chloride penetrability of scoria-based concrete mixes were much lower than that of plain concrete. Concretes produced with scoria-based binders also decelerated rebar corrosion, particularly after longer curing times. Furthermore, an estimation equation has been developed by the authors to predict the studied performance indicators, focusing on the curing time and the replacement level of volcanic scoria. SEM/EDX analysis has been reported as well.
Repair Welding of the Massive Cast
Authors: Bęczkowski R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The rebuilding technologies are used to develop surface of ladle. Among many welding methods currently used to obtain surface layer without defects one of the most effective way of rebuilding is using metal arc welding. This additional material gives more possibilities to make expected quality of rebuild surface. Chemical composition, property and economic factors allow to use metal wire. Because of these reasons, solid wire gives opportunity to be wildly used as material to rebuild or repair the surface in different sectors of industry. The paper shows a few ways to rebuild the surface in the massive cast with the use of metal active gas welding for repair. The work presents studies of defect in the massive cast. It contains the pictures of microstructures and defects. The method of removing defects and the results of checking by visual and penetrant testing methods are shown. The paper describes the methodology of repair the ladle with metal active gas welding, preheating process and standards nondestructive testing method.
The Influence of Home Scrap on Mechanical Properties of MgAl9Zn1 Alloy Castings
Authors: Konopka Z. , Chojnacki A. C. , Lagiewka M. , Zyska A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The work presents the results of examinations concerning the influence of various amounts of home scrap additions on the properties of castings made of MgAl9Zn1 alloy. The fraction of home scrap in the metal charge ranged from 0 to 100%. Castings were pressure cast by means of the hot-chamber pressure die casting machine under the industrial conditions in one of the domestic foundries. The examinations consisted in the determination of the following properties: tensile strength Rm, yield strength Rp0.2, and the unit elongation A5, all being measured during the static tensile test. Also, the hardness measurements were taken by the Brinell method. It was found that the mechanical properties (mainly the strength properties) are being improved up to the home scrap fraction of 50%. Their values were increased by about 30% over this range. Further rise in the home scrap content, however, brought a definite decrease in these properties. The unit elongation A5 exhibited continual decrease with an increase in the home scrap fraction in the metal charge. A large growth of hardness was noticed for the home scrap fraction increasing up to the value of 50%. Further increasing the home scrap percentage, however, did not result in a significant rise of the hardness value any more.
Compressive Strength of EN AC-44200 Based Composite Materials Strengthened with α-Al2O3 Particles
Authors: Kurzawa A. , Kaczmar J. W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper presents results of compressive strength investigations of EN AC-44200 based aluminum alloy composite materials reinforced with aluminum oxide particles at ambient and at temperatures of 100, 200 and 250°C. They were manufactured by squeeze casting of the porous preforms made of α-Al2O3 particles with liquid aluminum alloy EN AC-44200. The composite materials were reinforced with preforms characterized by the porosities of 90, 80, 70 and 60 vol. %, thus the alumina content in the composite materials was 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol.%. The results of the compressive strength of manufactured materials were presented and basing on the microscopic observations the effect of the volume content of strengthening alumina particles on the cracking mechanisms during compression at indicated temperatures were shown and discussed. The highest compressive strength of 470 MPa at ambient temperature showed composite materials strengthened with 40 vol.% of α-Al2O3 particles.
Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Cast L35HM Steel
Authors: Zapała R. , Kalandyk B. , Wawro P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A possibility to control the strength, hardness and ductility of the L35HM low-alloy structural cast steel by the applied tempering temperature is discussed in the paper. Tests were carried out on samples taken from the two randomly selected industrial melts. Heat treatment of the cast samples included quenching at 900 °C, cooling in an aqueous solution of polymer, and tempering at 600 and 650 °C. The obtained results showed that the difference in the tempering temperature equal to 50 °C can cause the difference of 121 MPa in the values of UTS and of 153 MPa in the values of 0.2%YS. For both melts tempered at 600 °C, the average values of UTS and 0.2%YS were equal to 995 MPa and 933 MPa, respectively. The values of EL and RA did not show any significant differences. Attention was drawn to large differences in strength and hardness observed between the melts tempered at 600 and 650 °C. Despite differences in the mechanical properties of the examined cast steel, the obtained results were superior to those specified by the standard.
A Queueing System with Heterogeneous Impatient Customers and Consumable Additional Items
Authors: Baek Janghyun , Dudina Olga , Kim Chesoong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA single-server queueing system with a marked Markovian arrival process of heterogeneous customers is considered. Type-1 customers have limited preemptive priority over type-2 customers. There is an infinite buffer for type-2 customers and no buffer for type-1 customers. There is also a finite buffer (stock) for consumable additional items (semi-products, half-stocks, etc.) which arrive according to the Markovian arrival process. Service of a customer requires a fixed number of consumable additional items depending on the type of the customer. The service time has a phase-type distribution depending on the type of the customer. Customers in the buffer are impatient and may leave the system without service after an exponentially distributed amount of waiting time. Aiming to minimize the loss probability of type-1 customers and maximize throughput of the system, a threshold strategy of admission to service of type-2 customers is offered. Service of type-2 customer can start only if the server is idle and the number of consumable additional items in the stock exceeds the fixed threshold. Stationary distributions of the system states and the waiting time are computed. In the numerical example, we show some interesting effects and illustrate a possibility of application of the presented results for solution of optimization problems.
Coal Mining and Post-Metallurgic Dumping Grounds and Their Connections with Exploitation of Raw Materials in the Region of Ruda Śląska
Authors: Jonczy Iwona , Gawor Łukasz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Characteristics of mining and metallurgical waste dumps in Ruda Śląska was presented in this article. Special attention was paid to the relationship of waste material accumulated on the dumps with resources exploited on studied area. The possibilities of dumps management were also traced and two directions were indicated. The first one is associated with forming a biological covering on the dumps and the second one - with the dumps liquidation and with recovery areas now occupied by the dumps and thus with the secondary use of material collected on them.
The Effect of Power Protection Equipment on Explosion Hazards and on the Reliability of Power Supply to Longwall Systems
Authors: Boron Sergiusz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Operational safety of electrical machines and equipment depends, inter alia, on the hazards resulting from their use and on the scope of applied protective measures. The use of insufficient protection against existing hazards leads to reduced operational safety, particularly under fault conditions. On the other hand, excessive (in relation to existing hazards) level of protection may compromise the reliability of power supply. This paper analyses the explosion hazard created by earth faults in longwall power supply systems and evaluates existing protection equipment from the viewpoint of its protective performance, particularly in the context of explosion hazards, and also assesses its effect on the reliability of power supply.
Rapid and Simple Method for the Extraction of Genomic DNA from Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Seedlings
Authors: Martinez Javier 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants are known to present high levels of secondary metabolites that increase with the plant age. Molecular biology techniques like restriction enzyme digestion and PCR, requires as pre-requisite the isolation of genomic DNA of suitable purity, good quality and with low levels of contaminants. Several methods to isolate pure and intact tobacco DNA for molecular research purposes have been developed. In this work, a combination between a tobacco seed germination technique using gibberellic acid and a fast and simple genomic DNA extraction method from 14-days old tobacco seedlings to reduce the secondary metabolites levels in the final samples was presented. Ten tobacco genotypes were used to evaluate this method. The DNA concentrations were in a range between 0.73 μg/μL to 1.47 μg/μL for Habana-2000 cv. and Criollo cv., respectively. The absorbance ratios values to determine DNA quality were acceptable. This method allows the obtaining of high molecular weight DNA suitable for digestion with restriction enzymes, EcoRI and BamHI. Tobacco seedlings DNA in a short period of time, in a simple way and with a low cost, was obtained with this extraction method.
Die Tradition des Textes und die Herausforderung der Daten
Authors: Degkwitz Andreas 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der digitalen Transformation von Forschung, Lehre und Studium werden textorientierte Arbeitsformen zunehmend von datenbasierten Herangehensweisen abgelöst. Die sich damit verändernde Informationslogistik von Forschungsprozessen und Ergebnispräsentationen erfordert eine Neuausrichtung der bibliothekarischen Services. Denn die Dynamik datengetriebener, digitaler Prozesse bringt die Statik textgebundener, analoger Wissensarchitekturen ins Wanken. Mit den „Digital Humanities“ ist diese Entwicklung auch bei den Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften angekommen. Digitale Informationsinfrastrukturen verändern bestehende Forschungs- und Publikationskulturen und führen zu neuen Formen der Produktion und Präsentation von Wissen. Der Beitrag zeigt die Veränderungen und Wechselwirkungen auf, die sich aus dem Paradigmenwandel von „Texten“ zu „Daten“ ergeben.
Das frauen- und geschlechterspezifische Gedächtnis einer Universalbibliothek
Authors: Bittermann-Wille Christa , Jammernegg Lydia 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird die Österreichische Nationalbibliothek als wichtiger kultureller Gedächtnisort, auch für frauen- und genderspezifische Erinnerung, vorgestellt. Der erste Abschnitt verweist auf die wissenschaftliche Rezeption im Kontext Bibliothek und Geschlechterforschung, während der zweite Abschnitt einen Streifzug durch die symbolische und allegorische Frauenwelt der Hofbibliothek und ihrer Bestände unternimmt. Im dritten Abschnitt wird der Beitrag von Ariadne an der Aufarbeitung genderspezifischen Wissens am Beispiel der österreichischen historischen Frauenbewegung präsentiert.
Die Katalogisierung der Bücher der ehemaligen Fideikommissbibliothek des Hauses Habsburg-Lothringen an der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek
Authors: Ortner Michaela 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Bücher der Fideikommissbibliothek, die sich in ihrer historischen Aufstellung seit 1921 an der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek befinden, wurden bis 2011 nur zu einem geringen Teil in den Bibliothekskatalog der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek eingepflegt. Ziel der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek ist es momentan, die Bestände der Bibliothek zur Recherche online verfügbar zu machen.
China’s OBOR as a Geo-Functional Institutionalist Project
Authors: Kaplan Yilmaz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study analyses the feasibility of China’s One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative from an institutionalist perspective. The initiative is undertaken as a ‘geo-functional institutionalist’ project, and this strengthens its feasibility. Firstly, the initiative aims to institutionalize a new international structure paralleling the existing Western-dominated one through which China could re-organize its position as an ‘agenda entrepreneur’ in the world without any clash with the West. Secondly, the initiative follows a functionalist strategy. It offers a ‘win-win’ functionalist framework without any hegemonic ambition; thus, the initiative attracts the attention of the rest of the world. China also follows a pure functionalist and bilateral/regional way to deal with the heterogeneity problem among the target countries. However, China’s institutionalization attempt might be isomorphic with the existing Western-dominated system in terms of its hegemonic structure due to the cognitive limitations in finding alternatives, and this might ruin the feasibility of the initiative.
Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat Varieties as Influenced by Foliar Potassium under Drought Condition
Authors: Shah T. , Khan A.Z. , Numan M. , Ahmad W. , Zahoor M. , Ullah M. , Jalal A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWater stress experienced by a wheat crop during growth is recognized to have accumulative effect stated as a decline in total biomass over well water potential. The yield and nutrient uptake performance of two wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) varieties (Pirsabak-2013 and Atta Habib) to foliar feeding of 2% potassium (K) at three various growth phases (Zadoks GS-22, Zadoks GS-60 and Zadoks GS-73) was explored under water restricted environment in a wire house trial at the Agriculture Research Station, Harichand, Charsadda. The target was to find out the preeminent K application stage for enhancement in the drought tolerance potential. Drought stress was generated by suppression of irrigation at the three growth phases and then K was sprayed with the carboxymethyl cellulose as a sticking agent, however Tween-20 was used as a surfactant for foliar spray. Data about several agronomic characters (plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant) of crop were documented via standard techniques. Moreover, at maturity, aboveground nitrogen, phosphorus, K, sodium and calcium uptakes by the crop were determined. The results point out that drought stress at all three acute growth phases unfavorably affected plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and nutrient uptake of the wheat plant. The exogenous K application under drought stress at all three acute growth phases boosted tolerance of wheat by decreasing noxious nutrient’s uptake and augmenting the yield and yield characters. In this concerns, both varieties exposed undeviating behavior. Extreme enhancement in all the documented yield parameters and nutrients uptake was attained when K was practiced at grain filling stage of both varieties.