bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot
Authors: Maranho D. A. , Leonardo F. H. L. , Herrero C. F. , Engel E. E. , Volpon J. B. , Nogueira-Barbosa M. H. 
Published: January 2017

Aims Our aim was to describe the mid-term appearances of the repair process of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy in children with a clubfoot treated using the Ponseti method. Patients and Methods A total of 15 children (ten boys, five girls) with idiopathic clubfoot were evaluated at a mean of 6.8 years (5.4 to 8.1) after complete percutaneous division of the Achilles tendon. The contour and subjective thickness of the tendon were recorded, and superficial defects and its strength were assessed clinically. The echogenicity, texture, thickness, peritendinous irregularities and potential for deformation of the tendon were evaluated by ultrasonography. Results The appearance of the Achilles tendon was slightly abnormal, with more thickening and less conspicuous contours than a normal tendon. Its strength was grossly normal, with no insufficiency of the triceps surae. Ultrasonographic findings revealed a mild fusiform thickening in 12 children (80%). The tissue at the site of the repair had a slightly hypoechoic, fibrillar quality with hyperechoic striation and the anterior contour was irregular and blurred. There was a focal narrowing within the healing tissue in two children. Conclusion This mid-term evaluation of the ability of the Achilles tendon to repair after division suggests a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. There were minor abnormalities which did not appear to affect function. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:139–44.
Implant options for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip
Authors: Socci A. R. , Casemyr N. E. , Leslie M. P. , Baumgaertner M. R. 
Published: January 2017

Aims The aim of this paper is to review the evidence relating to the anatomy of the proximal femur, the geometry of the fracture and the characteristics of implants and methods of fixation of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip. Materials and Methods Relevant papers were identified from appropriate clinical databases and a narrative review was undertaken. Results Stable, unstable, and subtrochanteric intertrochanteric fractures vary widely in their anatomical and biomechanical characteristics, as do the implants used for their fixation. The optimal choice of implant addresses the stability of the fracture and affects the outcome. Conclusion The treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip has evolved along with changes in the design of the implants used to fix them, but there remains conflicting evidence to guide the choice of implant. We advocate fixation of 31A1 fractures with a sliding hip screw and all others with an intramedullary device. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:128–33.
The outcome and complications of vascularised fibular grafts
Authors: Houdek M. T. , Bayne C. O. , Bishop A. T. , Shin A. Y. 
Published: January 2017

AimsFree vascularised fibular grafting has been used for the treatment of large bony defects for more than 40 years. However, there is little information about the risk factors for failure and whether newer locking techniques of fixation improve the rates of union. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of union of free fibular grafts fixed with locking and traditional techniques, and to quantify the risk factors for nonunion and failure.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review involved 134 consecutive procedures over a period of 20 years. Of these, 25 were excluded leaving 109 patients in the study. There were 66 men and 43 women, with a mean age of 33 years (5 to 78). Most (62) were performed for oncological indications, and the most common site (52) was the lower limb. Rate of union was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and risk factors for nonunion were assessed using Cox regression. All patients were followed up for at least one year.ResultsThe rate of union was 82% at two years and 97% at five years. Union was achieved after the initial procedure in 76 patients (70%) at a mean of ten months (3 to 19), and overall union was achieved in 99 patients (91%). No surgical factor, including the use of locked fixation or supplementary corticocancellous bone grafts increased the rate of union. A history of smoking was significantly associated with a risk of nonunion.DiscussionFree vascularised fibular grafting is a successful form of treatment for large bony defects. These results suggest that the use of modern techniques of fixation does not affect the risk of nonunion when compared with traditional forms of fixation, and smoking increases the risk of nonunion following this procedure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:134–8.
The Synergy cementless femoral stem in primary total hip arthroplasty at a minimum follow-up of 15 years
Authors: Martino I. De , Santis V. De , Apolito R. D’ , Sculco P. K. , Cross M. B. , Gasparini G. 
Published: January 2017

Aims We report on the outcome of the Synergy cementless femoral stem with a minimum follow-up of 15 years (15 to 17). Patients and Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of a consecutive series of 112 routine primary cementless total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in 102 patients (112 hips). There were 60 female and 42 male patients with a mean age of 61 years (18 to 82) at the time of surgery. A total of 78 hips in the 69 patients remain in situ; nine hips in eight patients died before 15 years, and 16 hips in 16 patients were revised. Clinical outcome scores and radiographs were available for 94 hips in 85 patients. Results In all, four stems were revised. One stem was revised for aseptic loosening; two stems because of deep infection; and one because of periprosthetic femoral fracture. There was a significant improvement in all components of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score at the final follow-up (total: p < 0.001, pain: p < 0.001, stiffness: p < 0.001, function: p < 0.001). The mean Harris Hip Scores improved from 47 points (27 to 59) pre-operatively to 89 points (65 to 100) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survivorship, with stem revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint, was 98.9% at 15 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 96.9 to 100, number at risk at 15 years: 90) and with stem revision for any reason was 95.7% (95% CI 91.7 to 99.8, number at risk at 15 years: 90). Conclusion The Synergy cementless femoral stem demonstrates excellent survivorship and functional outcomes at 15 years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:29–36.
Risk of early mortality after cemented compared with cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Garland A. , Gordon M. , Garellick G. , Kärrholm J. , Sköldenberg O. , Hailer N. P. 
Published: January 2017

Aims It has been suggested that cemented fixation of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with an increased peri-operative mortality compared with cementless THA. Our aim was to investigate this through a nationwide matched cohort study adjusting for age, comorbidity, and socioeconomic background. Patients and Methods A total of 178 784 patients with osteoarthritis who underwent either cemented or cementless THA from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register were matched with 862 294 controls from the general population. Information about the causes of death, comorbidities, and socioeconomic background was obtained. Mortality within the first 90 days after the operation was the primary outcome measure. Results Patients who underwent cemented THA had an increased risk of death during the first 14 days compared with the controls (hazard ratio (HR) 1.3, confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 1.44), corresponding to an absolute increase in risk of five deaths per 10 000 observations. No such early increase of risk was seen in those who underwent cementless THA. Between days 15 and 29 the risk of mortality was decreased for those with cemented THA (HR 0.7, CI 0.62 to 0.87). Between days 30 and 90 all patients undergoing THA, irrespective of the mode of fixation, had a lower risk of death than controls. Patients selected for cementless fixation were younger, healthier and had a higher level of education and income than those selected for cemented THA. A supplementary analysis of 16 556 hybrid THAs indicated that cementation of the femoral component was associated with a slight increase in mortality up to 15 days, whereas no such increase in mortality was seen in those with a cemented acetabular component combined with a cementless femoral component. Conclusion This nationwide matched cohort study indicates that patients receiving cemented THA have a minimally increased relative risk of early mortality that is reversed from day 15 and thereafter. The absolute increase in risk is very small. Our findings lend support to the idea that cementation of the femoral component is more dangerous than cementation of the acetabular component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:37–43.
Effectiveness of open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (UKUFF)
Authors: Carr A. , Cooper C. , Campbell M. K. , Rees J. , Moser J. , Beard D. J. , Fitzpatrick R. , Gray A. , Dawson J. , Murphy J. , Bruhn H. , Cooper D. , Ramsay C. 
Published: January 2017

Aims The appropriate management for patients with a degenerative tear of the rotator cuff remains controversial, but operative treatment, particularly arthroscopic surgery, is increasingly being used. Our aim in this paper was to compare the effectiveness of arthroscopic with open repair of the rotator cuff. Patients and Methods A total of 273 patients were recruited to a randomised comparison trial (136 to arthroscopic surgery and 137 to open surgery) from 19 teaching and general hospitals in the United Kingdom. The surgeons used their usual preferred method of repair. The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), two years post-operatively, was the primary outcome measure. Imaging of the shoulder was performed at one year after surgery. The trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN97804283. Results The mean OSS improved from 26.3 (standard deviation (sd) 8.2) at baseline, to 41.7 (sd 7.9) two years post-operatively for arthroscopic surgery and from 25.0 (sd 8.0) to 41.5 (sd 7.9) for open surgery. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed no statistical difference between the groups at two years (difference in OSS score -0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.75 to 1.22; p = 0.452). The confidence interval excluded the pre-determined clinically important difference in the OSS of three points. The rate of re-tear was not significantly different between the two groups (46.4% for arthroscopic and 38.6% for open surgery; 95% CI -6.9 to 25.8; p = 0.256). Healed repairs had the most improved OSS. These findings were the same when analysed per-protocol. Conclusion There is no evidence of difference in effectiveness between open and arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. The rate of re-tear is high in both groups, for all sizes of tear and ages and this adversely affects the outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:107–15.
Bias and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Murray D. W. , Liddle A. D. , Judge A. , Pandit H. 
Published: January 2017

We recently published a paper comparing the incidence of adverse outcomes after unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty (UKA and TKA). The conclusion of this study, which was in favour of UKA, was dismissed as “biased” in a review in Bone & Joint 360. Although this study is one of the least biased comparisons of UKA and TKA, this episode highlights the biases that exist both for and against UKA. In this review, we explore the different types of bias, particularly selection, reporting and measurement. We conclude that comparisons between UKA and TKA are open to bias. These biases can be so marked, particularly in comparisons based just on national registry data, that the conclusions can be misleading. For a fair comparison, data from randomised studies or well-matched, prospective observational cohort studies, which include registry data, are required, and multiple outcome measures should be used. The data of this type that already exist suggest that if UKA is used appropriately, compared with TKA, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:12–15.
Beyond “No food and drink in the gallery”: Writing a best practices document for food management in museums
Authors: Newberry Rebecca , Palumbo Bethany , Ritchie Fran 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In 2015, the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (SPNHC) Conservation Committee created a best practices document for food management in collection-holding institutions. This paper discusses the three-step process, devised by the committee, through which this was achieved. The first step was to research existing literature on the subject. Scant results showed that a best practices document on the subject would be of great benefit to the field. The second step was to survey collection professionals. This provided the committee a stronger understanding of current food management challenges and successes, as well as topics to address in the best practices document. The third step was to gain consensus from these professionals. A draft of the document was presented at three international conferences, and feedback was incorporated into the final recommendations. The best practices document is available on the SPNHC wiki and may be updated. It is possible to write a best practice on any subject by replicating this three-step process. The Conservation Committee believes this process can be applied to other areas that are in need of new or revised preservation methods.
Three legs good, four legs better: Making a quagga whole again with 3D printing
Authors: Larkin Nigel R. , Porro Laura B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Specimens of extinct animals are among the most precious items in a museum’s collection. They are vital for research and education, especially those that have become extinct relatively recently due to human activity. Only seven skeletons of the extinct subspecies of plains zebra Equus quagga quagga are known to exist in museum collections worldwide, including a specimen on display at the Grant Museum of Zoology, London. However, the left hind leg and right scapula of this specimen have been missing for many years. As part of a recent project to conserve and remount this skeleton, the left scapula and articulated right hind limb were scanned using computed tomography (CT) so that mirrored data could be used to 3D print the missing bones. The 3D-printed models installed on the original specimen do more than provide an anatomically complete skeleton and improve the physical stability of the specimen; the black 3D printed bones contrast with the rest of the skeleton, which highlights the work undertaken and provides a more engaging exhibit. The CT scans are also available for research and as an interactive 3D model within the display.
Keep it together: An evaluation of the tensile strengths of three select adhesives used in fossil preparation
Authors: Russell Rhian , Strilisky Brandon 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The tensile strength of a select group of common fossil adhesives (50% w/w Paraloid B-72 in acetone, Paleobond PB100, and Devcon 2-Ton epoxy) was tested over a period of 9 months. Because the testing process is destructive, the tests needed to be standardized to draw valid conclusions, and because large sample sizes were desired for the most statistically accurate results, limestone adherends were used as a proxy for real fossil specimens. Paraloid B-72 in acetone at 50% w/w demonstrated long solvent retention and took several months to attain full strength. Although it was the statistically weakest of the three adhesives, it still required a significantly large force to be exerted (275.56 lbs/in2; 19.37 kg/cm2) in order for it to fail after only 3 days. If fossil specimens joined with Paraloid B-72 are provided with appropriate archival support, then the adhesive will slowly attain full strength. Devcon 2-Ton epoxy was stronger than the limestone adherends and created minor or major substrate failure in the majority of samples, indicating that its use be restricted only to specific situations, such as heavy specimens that cannot be supported externally. Paleobond PB100 samples failed on average between 535 and 636 lbs/in2 (37.6 and 44.7 kg/cm2) and generally demonstrated adhesive failure, with some minor substrate damage. Paraloid B-72 demonstrated substantial tensile strength in this study and has excellent long-term stability and reversibility. Therefore, Paraloid B-72 should be considered the default adhesive in the majority of fossil preparation practices.
Generic Properties of Critical Points of the Weyl Tensor
Authors: Micheletti Anna Maria , Pistoia Angela 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Given

(
M
,
g
)

${(M,g)}$

, a smooth compact Riemannian n-manifold, we prove that for a generic Riemannian metric g the critical points of the function

𝒲
g

⁢

(
ξ
)

:=

|

Weyl
g

⁢

(
ξ
)

|

g
2

${\mathcal{W}_{g}(\xi):=\lvert\mathrm{Weyl}_{g}(\xi)\rvert^{2}_{g}}$

with

𝒲
g

⁢

(
ξ
)

≠
0

${\mathcal{W}_{g}(\xi)\not=0}$

are nondegenerate.
Doubly Critical Problems Involving Fractional Laplacians in ℝ
N
Authors: Yang Jianfu , Wu Fengjie 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we show the existence of nontrivial solutions for doubly critical nonlocal elliptic problems in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

involving fractional Laplacians. Our approach is elementary without the use of neither the concentration-compactness principle nor the extension argument developed in [4].
Environmental and economic aspects of Triticum aestivum L. and Avena sativa growing
Authors: Jelínková Zuzana , Moudrý Jan , Bernas Jaroslav , Kopecký Marek , Moudrý Jan , Konvalina Petr 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper deals with the assessment of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa) grown in Central Europe within the conventional and organic farming systems in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and economic profitability. Organic farming may be one of the tools for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production. In the context of crop production, cereals rank among the most commonly grown crops and therefore bread wheat and oat were chosen. The Climate change impact category was assessed within the simplified LCA method and the production of greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO2e per the production unit was calculated. Economic balance of the cultivation of monitored cereals was compiled based on the yields, farm gate prices and costs. On its basis, the cultivation of wheat within the organic farming system appears to be the most profitable. From an environmental point of view, the emission load of the organic farming system is reduced by 8.04 % within the wheat production and by 15.46 % within the oat cultivation. Therefore, the organic farming system in the Czech Republic appears to be more environmentally friendly and economically efficient within the cereals production.
Israel / Palästina retten: Kunst und der binationale Staat
Authors: Mitchell W. J. T. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Eine Anmerkung zum Titel: Warum sollten wir Israel retten wollen? Palästina ja. Es liegt in Ruinen, belagert und unter militärischer Besatzung, verwüstet durch Armut, Arbeitslosigkeit und systematische Demütigung. Palästinas bloße Existenz als ein Volk, eine Nation und ein Ort hängt an einem seidenen Faden. Die Bedrohung für Israel ist hingegen eine moralische. Das Land ist in Gefahr, seine Seele zu verlieren, all die Ideale zu verraten, auf denen seine Gründung beruht, und selbst endgültig ein Apartheidstaat zu werden. Dieser Beitrag handelt von einer doppelten Rettungsaktion, einer sowohl moralischen als auch materiellen, spirituellen und physischen Rettung. Er ist von jüngsten Arbeiten sogenannter „Rettungs-Künstler“
Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird für die Bezeichnung von Personengruppen in der Übersetzung durchweg das generische Maskulinum verwendet, das die weibliche und männliche Form gleichermaßen impliziert. A.d.Ü.
(salvage artists) inspiriert, deren Arbeiten häufig auf der Wiederverwendung von überflüssigen Materialien, Abfall, Müll und Ruinen basieren, ebenso wie auf Projekten, die eine Re-Imagination und Neugestaltung der Gemeinschaft zum Gegenstand haben. Rettungs-Kunst richtet sich häufig auf „das Gemeingut“ (the commons), auf die fragilen öffentlichen Räume der Versammlung und Zusammenkunft, die auch als Bühne für Inszenierungen von staatlicher Gewalt und Widerstand dienen. Sie ist besonders eng mit dokumentarischen, bewegten und nicht bewegten Bildern verbunden, die der Realität in all ihrer Komplexität einen Spiegel vorhalten und geteilte Erinnerungen und Archive bewahren. Mein Interesse gilt Künstlern, die oft aus sehr verschiedenen, sogar gegensätzlichen Beweggründen in diesen gemeinsamen Bemühungen engagiert sind.
Rematerialisation
Authors: Dirckinck-Holmfeld Katrine 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The essay takes up Eve Kososky Sedgwick’s influential call for a reparative reading or practice, understood primarily as a performative and literary reading practice, in an attempt to inform what I call a reparative critical image practice. Montaging my own experiences learning from filmmaker Harun Farocki during the Labour in a Single Shot workshop (Cairo 2012) together with reflections from my work with the video-installation Leap into Colour (Cairo, Beirut, Copenhagen 2012-2015), the essay speculates how the reparative critical image undergoes a process of rematerialisation. The essay explores how the image migrates between different contexts, compressions, codecs and formats, and how this route, or line of flight, is enfolded into the image’s texture. I argue that montaging these layers of intensities can create a collaborative, historically dense, fabulous image, held together by affect.
Yet Unborn Realities
Authors: Johannessen Runa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The scope of this paper is to inquire into a moment of friction between reality and possibility; the present and the future; the actual and the fictional, in a context pertaining to the Israel-Palestine conflict. The point of departure is an artwork by the Palestinian artist Khaled Jarrar. My encounter with his work evoked an aesthetic experience of hesitant uncertainty parallel to particular encounters with a mechanism invoking such uncertainties in real life, namely the passport control.
Deception and Fiction as Forms of World-making in Contemporary Art
Authors: Reeves-Evison Theo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article probes the grey area between lies and fiction in order to interrogate the effects such strategies have, both within and outside of the sphere of art. For better or worse, art works that experiment with the methodologies of fiction and deception have the capacity to generate real effects. In this article I propose to focus on two broad classes of effects: those that are somehow critical, that turn our attention back on the truth-framing devices that allowed for deception to emerge in the first place, and those that are inventive, that somehow secrete a new universe of reference. The kinds of epistemological choreography used by artists such as The Yes Men and Dora Garcia do not only expose rhetorical devices and truth-framing mechanisms, they also leave a ‘residue’ of their false content long after their truth-claims have been dropped. In this article I will argue that such works have a germinal as well as a parasitic relationship to truth and are involved in a world-making which is ontologically anterior to codifications of true and false.