bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of chronicity in action: everyday classification practices and the shaping of mental health care
Authors: Bister Milena D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor almost half a century social scientists have explored the phenomenon of chronic illness. In this paper, I examine how the concept of chronicity participates in present‐day mental health care settings. Using ethnomethodology and material‐semiotic theory within science and technology studies, I investigate how the classification ‘chronically mentally ill’ interacts with the everyday socio‐material shaping of public mental health care in the context of professional institutions. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in a psychiatric day hospital and in a community day care centre in Berlin, Germany, I demonstrate how the classification of chronicity acts as a tool of description (of people or their conditions), regulation (of therapy, health care or administration), and connection to infrastructures of care (practised technologies or standards of various kinds). In these ways, I argue, the classification engages in actions of producing treatability, arranging resources, demarcating responsibilities, practicing accountability, and doing presence. Notably, community mental health care has developed into a designated territory of the concept: explicitly arranged for ‘the chronically mentally ill’ as a human kind, we can take everyday life in these institutions as instructive of how chronicity is defined in daily practice.
Parathyroid Nodular Hyperplasia and Responsiveness to Drug Therapy in Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: An Open Question
Authors: Vulpio Carlo , Bossola Maurizio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe goal of the pharmacological therapy in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is to reduce serum levels of parathyroid hormone and phosphorus, to correct those of calcium and vitamin D, to arrest or reverse the parathyroid hyperplasia. However, when nodular hyperplasia or an autonomous adenoma develops, surgery may be indicated. We reviewed the literature with the aim of defining if the echographic criteria predictive of unresponsiveness of SHPT to calcitriol therapy are valid also in the cinacalcet era and if drug therapy may reverse nodular hyperplasia of parathyroid gland (PTG). The responsiveness to therapy and regression of the nodular hyperplasia of PTG remains an open question in the calcimimetic era as well as the cutoff between medical and surgical therapy. Prospective studies are needed in order to clarify if an earlier use of cinacalcet in moderate SHPT might arrest the progression of parathyroid growth and stabilize SHPT.
Effect of maternal oxygen inhalation on foetal free radical activity: a prospective, randomized trial
Authors: Ahuja V. , Gombar S. , Jaswal S. , Kaur J. , Gupta P. , Chawla D. , Huria A. , Singh S. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundMaternal inhalation of 35–40% oxygen concentration has no significant effect on foetal partial pressure of oxygen, and 60–100% produced maternal and foetal hyperoxia with increased free radical activity. The benefit of 50% maternal oxygen inhalation on foetal oxygenation, oxidant stress and total antioxidant status (TAS) during Caesarean section (CS) has not been simultaneously evaluated.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, controlled trial 120 ASA physical status I–II, term pregnant women were recruited to elective CS (n = 60) and emergency CS (n = 60) and received either 50% oxygen or air inhalation following subarachnoid block (SAB). Patients and investigators were blinded to the inhaled oxygen concentration. The primary outcome of the study was foetal umbilical artery (UA) malondialdehyde (MDA) at birth.ResultsIn both elective and emergency CS, there was no difference in foetal oxidative stress and TAS in spite of increase in maternal PaO2. In elective CS, maternal MDA was higher at delivery in mothers breathing 50% oxygen as compared to their own baseline values (P = 0.04). In emergency CS, maternal TAS at 10 min was lower in mothers inhaling 50% oxygen as compared to air (P = 0.01). The average duration of maternal oxygen supplementation was ~10.3 min in elective and ~7.4 min in emergency CS. Neonatal outcome, episodes of maternal hypotension and oxygen desaturation were similar in both the groups.ConclusionBrief duration of 50% oxygen maternal inhalation during elective or emergency CS did not significantly affect foetal MDA and TAS under SAB.
Nonfarm employment, agricultural intensification, and productivity change: empirical findings from Uganda
Authors: Amare Mulubrhan , Shiferaw Bekele 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article uses panel data from the Living Standards Measurement Study‐Integrated Surveys on Agriculture for Uganda to assess the farm‐level effects of nonfarm employment on agricultural intensification and productivity change. A sample selection model is used to account for both unobserved heterogeneity and potential simultaneity between agricultural production and nonfarm income. Results show that nonfarm employment can have differential impacts on farm technology intensity and productivity. Nonfarm income is found to have a positive impact on farm hired labor and improved seed intensity; a negative effect on on‐farm family labor use; and no significant impact on fertilizer, soil water management, and joint use of farm technologies. The econometric evidence also indicates that agricultural productivity declines as nonfarm income increases. Taken together, our findings reveal important trade‐offs between nonfarm employment and income and farm productivity growth under smallholder agriculture. The results indicated that targeted policies are required to reduce these potential trade‐offs between nonfarm employment and agricultural intensification and productivity change.
Human sperm motility is downregulated by the AMPK activator A769662
Authors: Calle‐Guisado V. , Hurtado de Llera A. , González‐Fernández L. , Bragado M. J. , Garcia‐Marin L. J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) plays a key function in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. We recently identified and localized AMPK protein in human spermatozoa and showed that inhibition of AMPK activity significantly modified human sperm motility. Recently, AMPK has gained great relevance as prime target for pharmacological approaches in several energy‐related pathologies and therefore pharmacological research is aimed to develop direct AMPK‐activating compounds such as A769662. Our aim was to investigate the effect of A769662 in essential functional processes of human spermatozoa. Human spermatozoa were incubated in the presence or absence of the AMPK activator A769662 for different incubation times (0–20 h) and motility was evaluated by CASA system whereas other functional parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry. A769662 treatment significantly reduces the percentages of motile, progressive, and rapid spermatozoa starting at 2 h. Moreover, AMPK activator in human spermatozoa causes a significant reduction in any velocity measured, which is concomitant to a significant decrease in the percentage of rapid spermatozoa, both at short‐ (2–3 h) and long‐time treatment (20 h). Treatment of human spermatozoa with A769662 does not significantly alter any of the following functional parameters: sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine translocation to the outer leaf of plasma membrane, acrosome membrane integrity, or mitochondrial superoxide anion production. In summary, our results suggest that AMPK in human spermatozoa contributes to the regulation of sperm motility, without affecting basic physiological parameters of human spermatozoa (viability, mitochondrial membrane potential or reactive oxygen species production, acrosome membrane integrity, phosphatidylserine exposure at plasma membrane). As sperm motility is required in the female reproductive tract to achieve fertilization, we conclude that AMPK is an essential regulatory kinase of the human spermatozoa function. This conclusion needs to be taken into account when AMPK is elected as prime target in pharmacological approaches for several energy‐related pathologies.
Longitudinal development of subtraction performance in elementary school
Authors: Artemenko Christina , Pixner Silvia , Moeller Korbinian , Nuerk Hans‐Christoph 
Published: October 2017

A major goal of education in elementary mathematics is the mastery of arithmetic operations. However, research on subtraction is rather scarce, probably because subtraction is often implicitly assumed to be cognitively similar to addition, its mathematical inverse. To evaluate this assumption, we examined the relation between the borrow effect in subtraction and the carry effect in addition, and the developmental trajectory of the borrow effect in children using a choice reaction paradigm in a longitudinal study. In contrast to the carry effect in adults, carry and borrow effects in children were found to be categorical rather than continuous. From grades 3 to 4, children became more proficient in two‐digit subtraction in general, but not in performing the borrow operation in particular. Thus, we observed no specific developmental progress in place‐value computation, but a general improvement in subtraction procedures.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The borrow operation increases difficulty in two‐digit subtraction in adults.

The carry effect in addition, as the inverse operation of borrowing, comprises categorical and continuous processing characteristics.

What does this study add?

In contrast to the carry effect in adults, the borrow and carry effects are categorical in elementary school children.

Children generally improve in subtraction performance from grades 3 to 4 but do not progress in place‐value computation in particular.
Haematopoietic cell transplantation for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a North American multicentre collaborative study
Authors: Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Al Malki Monzr M. , Deotare Uday , Raj Renju V. , El‐Jurdi Najla , Majhail Navneet , Cherry Mohamad A. , Bashir Qaiser , Darrah Justin , Nishihori Taiga , Sibai Hassan , Hamadani Mehdi , de Lima Marcos , Gerds Aaron T. , Selby George , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Forman Stephen J. , Ayala Ernesto ,  Lipton Jeffrey H. , Hari Parameswaran N. , Muzzafar Tariq , Zhang Ling , Olteanu Horatiu , Perkins Janelle , Sokol Lubomir , Kumar Ambuj , Ahmed Sairah 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is incurable with conventional therapies. Limited retrospective data have shown durable remissions after haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [allogeneic (allo) or autologous (auto)]. We conducted a multicentre retrospective study in BPDCN patients treated with allo‐HCT and auto‐HCT at 8 centres in the United States and Canada. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The population consisted of 45 consecutive patients who received an allo‐HCT (n = 37) or an auto‐HCT (n = 8) regardless of age, pre‐transplant therapies, or remission status at transplantation. Allo‐HCT recipients were younger (50 (14–74) vs. 67 (45–72) years, P = 0·01) and had 1‐year and 3‐year OS of 68% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 49–81%] and 58% (95% CI = 38–75%), respectively. Allo‐HCT in first complete remission (CR1) yielded superior 3‐year OS (versus not in CR1) [74% (95% CI = 48–89%) vs. 0, P < 0·0001]. Allo‐HCT outcomes were not impacted by regimen intensity [3‐year OS for myeloablative conditioning = 61% (95% CI = 28–83%) vs. reduced‐intensity conditioning = 55% (95% CI = 28–76%)]. One‐year OS for auto‐HCT recipients was 11% (95% CI = 8–50%). These results demonstrate efficacy of allo‐HCT in BPDCN, especially in patients in CR1. Pertaining to auto‐HCT, our results suggest lack of efficacy against BPDCN, but this observation is limited by the small sample size. Larger prospective studies are needed to better define the role of HCT in BPDCN.
Fathers of adults who have a learning disability: Roles, needs and concerns
Authors: Davys Deborah , Mitchell Duncan , Martin Rachel 
Published: October 2017

Accessible summary

This study asked fathers of adults who have a learning disability about their experiences, what helps them and any worries they may have.

Fathers reported different experiences of being a father to an adult with a learning disability and talked about things that were helpful, such as their wives, grandparents, having information and hobbies.

Fathers were worried about the person who has a learning disability in the future.

Fathers can be important in supporting people who have a learning disability throughout their lives.

AbstractBackgroundThere is little research that specifically relates to fathers of adults with a learning disability despite the social expectation that fathers will provide a supportive role over the lifespan.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with seven fathers of adults with a learning disability to explore their roles, needs and concerns. Data were analysed using a framework associated with interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).ResultsThemes arising demonstrate that fathers were shocked at the diagnosis of learning disability but usually reported adaptation over time. The impact of learning disability upon men's lives, their perception of their adult child and the roles they assumed were varied. Fathers valued support from wives and grandparents, having knowledge and interests and work‐type roles. All fathers were concerned about the future yet comprehensive futures planning was lacking. Some fathers reported difficulties in being emotionally open, and referred to societal stereotypes. Fathers valued positive support from service providers; however, this relationship was often in conflict.ConclusionAlthough mothers are often the main carers for adults with a learning disability, fathers can make a significant contribution. The findings presented here support the results of previous studies regarding paternal response to learning disability and varied impact upon men's lives. Identified support strategies include leisure interests, volunteer/work roles, having information and support from wives and grandparents. Ongoing concerns incorporate the future and ambivalent relationships with service providers, which could have a negative impact upon the individual who has a learning disability.
The use of psychotropic medication for people with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge in the context of a community multidisciplinary team approach
Authors: Niven Abigail , Goodey Rebecca , Webb Alison , Shankar Rohit 
Published: October 2017

Accessible Summary

Lots of people with intellectual disabilities in the UK are given medication to manage their behaviours and the NHS wants this to stop.

In Cornwall, we wanted to see how often we give medication to people instead of other health care such as communication or occupational assessments etc.

We found that around half the people we work with because of their behaviours get medication to manage their feelings and many do not get other assessments.

We want to change this in Cornwall and stop over medicating people by learning from this study.

AbstractBackgroundThe use of psychotropic medication to manage challenging behaviours of people with intellectual disabilities is a contentious issue which NHS England has now focused on. This paper looks to evaluate this within the multidisciplinary context.MethodRecords of clients (n = 106) open to a Community Intellectual Disabilities team for care relating to challenging behaviours were examined. Those recommended psychotropic medications in the absence of a mental health diagnosis were scrutinised for supporting MDT assessments.ResultsOver half the clients with challenging behaviours were being prescribed psychotropic medications and many of those had very few MDT assessments to inform care.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the extent psychotropics are used in the absence of MDT informed support for people with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge. A vision to simply withdraw such medication might be simplistic. Local MDT plans are in development to systematically reduce reliance on this type of restrictive practice.
Do not forget the parents—Parents' concerns during transition to adult care for adolescents with congenital heart disease
Authors: Bratt E. L. , Burström Å. , Hanseus K. , Rydberg A. , Berghammer M. ,   On behalf on the STEPSTONES‐CHD consortium
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundGrowing up with congenital heart disease (CHD) often means transfer to adult care and lifelong medical follow‐up. An optimal transition process usually involves a multipart collaboration between the patient, their parents and other family members, and the healthcare providers. Taking an active role while knowing when it is time to step aside can be difficult for all the concerned parties, even the healthcare professionals. The aim of the present study therefore, was to explore parents' expectations and needs during their adolescent's transition to adult care.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 parents of 16 adolescents (aged 13–18 years) with CHD in 4 pediatric cardiology settings in Sweden. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in 2 main themes: (a) Feeling secure—the importance of being prepared and informed. This theme focused on the need to be prepared and informed about transition and future transfer to adult care. (b) Recognizing when to hand over at the right time. This theme addressed the process of handing over the responsibility from the parent to the adolescents and contained handing over from pediatric care to adult care.ConclusionBeing prepared and informed about the upcoming transition process was essential. The parents underlined the importance of being involved in the transition planning for gradually handing over responsibility to the adolescent. They also considered establishing contact with the adult healthcare team before transfer as important and needed to be assured that CHD‐related information of importance for the young person's daily life would be given.
Continuous eruption of maxillary teeth and changes in clinical crown length: A 10‐year longitudinal study in adult women
Authors: Huanca Ghislanzoni Luis , Jonasson Grethe , Kiliaridis Stavros 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundContinuous physiologic eruption of teeth may become a main aesthetic issue for implants inserted in the maxillary anterior region.PurposeTo study maxillary tooth vertical changes during a 10 years period by 3‐dimensional superimposition of digital dental casts.Material and methodsAlginate impressions were taken at both baseline and at the 10‐year follow‐up in a sample of 24 adult Swedish women (average age of 48 years at T0). The upper arch plaster casts were digitized with a 3‐dimensional scanner and then superimposed on the palate and the palatal rugae. Occlusal and gingival anatomic structures were digitized for each upper tooth from first molar to first molar. The vertical changes of these structures gave an indication of tooth extrusion and apical or coronal displacement of the gingival margin.ResultsA trend was found for eruption in the anterior region (+0.3 mm on average) while a slight extrusion if not any was found in the first molars and premolars area. Vertical displacement of the gingival margin showed also a positive trend from first molars to incisors. Negative average values, corresponding clinically to gingival recession, were found on first molars (−0.36 mm) and premolars (−0.15 mm), while no displacement was detected in the anteriors. Clinical crown lengths increased in all teeth and it is mainly due to gingival recession for first molars and premolars, while for the incisors the eruption is coupled to a slight equivalent gingival coronal migration.ConclusionsDuring a 10‐year period, continuous eruption takes place in female adult subjects, especially in the upper incisors area while gingival recession occurred in first molars and premolars area leading to crown length elongation. Implant placement in the anterior area of the maxilla may have an aesthetic impact even in mature adults due to the continuous eruption of the adjacent teeth.
Nodal factors predictive of recurrence and survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Son H.‐J. , Roh J.‐L. , Cho K.‐J. , Choi S.‐H. , Nam S.Y. , Kim S.Y. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesLymph node (LN) metastasis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with survival outcomes. However, the relationship between different metastatic nodal factors and treatment outcomes requires further elucidation. This study examined nodal factors predictive of recurrence and survival in patients with OSCC.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 157 patients with OSCC who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2015. Clinicopathological and follow‐up information were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were performed to identify factors associated with recurrence‐free survival, disease‐specific survival and overall survival.ResultsSixty‐five of 157 patients (41.4%) had neck metastasis. During a median follow‐up of 46 months, any recurrences and all deaths occurred in 43 (27.4%) and 43 (27.4%) of cases, respectively. All nodal factors (LN classification, size, number and ratio) and extra‐nodal extension were significantly associated with all survival outcomes (P < .001). Multivariate analyses indicated that a tumour size >2 cm and LN ratio were independently associated with all survival (P < .05). Patients with LN ratio >0.05 had sixfold higher recurrence and mortality rates than other patients (P < .001).ConclusionLymph node ratio is an independent and predictive determinant of post‐treatment recurrence and survival.
Prospective multicentre study on barbed reposition pharyngoplasty standing alone or as a part of multilevel surgery for sleep apnoea
Authors: Montevecchi F. , Meccariello G. , Firinu E. , Rashwan M. S. , Arigliani M. , De Benedetto M. , Palumbo A. , Bahgat Y. , Bahgat A. , Lugo Saldana R. , Marzetti A. , Pignataro L. , Mantovani M. , Rinaldi V. , Carrasco M. , Freire F. , Delgado I. , Salamanca F. , Bianchi A. , Onerci M. , Agostini P. , Romano L. , Benazzo M. , Baptista P. , Salzano F. , Dallan I. , Nuzzo S. , Vicini C. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to demonstrate in a prospective multicentre study that Barbed Reposition Pharyngoplasty (BRP) procedure is safe and effective in management of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.DesignProspective study.SettingMulticentre study.ParticipantsPatients suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea.Main outcomes measuresValues of postoperative apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).Results111 Barbed Reposition Pharyngoplasty procedures standing alone or as a part of multilevel surgery for OSAHS, performed between January and September 2016, were analysed in 15 different centres. The average hospitalisation period was 2.5 ± 0.5 days. The mean patient age was 46.3 ± 10.5 years. The average body mass index at the time of the procedure was 27.9 ± 3.2, and the majority of the patients were men (83%). The mean preoperative and postoperative apnoea/hypopnea index was 33.4 ± 19.5 and 13.5 ± 10.3, respectively (P < .001). The mean preoperative and postoperative ESS score was 10.2 ± 4.5 and 6.1 ± 3.6, respectively (P < .001). The mean preoperative and postoperative ODI were 29.6 ± 20.7 and 12.7 ± 10.8, respectively (P < .001).ConclusionsPatients undergoing BRP standing alone or as part of a multilevel approach for the treatment of OSAHS have a reasonable expectation for success with minimal morbidity.