bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: IN THE SEARCH FOR NEW ANTICANCER DRUGS. 9. SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SPIN‐LABELED ANALOGS OF N,N:N′,N′:N“,N”‐TRIS(1,2‐ETHANEDIYL)PHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE AND N,N:N′,N′:N“,N”‐TRIS(1,2‐ETHANEDIYL)PHOSPHOROTHIOIC TRIAMIDE
Authors: SOSNOVSKY G. , PAUL B. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie ausgehend von den Radikalen (I) dargestellten Verbindungen (IV) und (V) werden zusammen mit ähnlichen Verbindungen, z.B. (V1), auf Wirkung gegen P388‐Leukä‐ mie der Maus untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATION OF 2‐PHENACYL‐5‐PHENYLPYRIMIDINE
Authors: GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , PETROVSKII P. V. , OGANESYAN A. S. , ZAGULYAEVA O. A. , MAMAEV V. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPyrimidine mit einer Ketogruppe werden durch Phosphorchloride in Gegenwart einer organischen Base leicht am Sauerstoffatom phosphoryliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF A NEW COMPLEXON ‐ N,N′,N“‐TRIS(DIHYDROXYPHOSPHORYLMETHYL)‐1,4,7‐TRIAZACYCLONONANE
Authors: KABACHNIK M. I. , MEDVED' T. YA. , POLIKARPOV YU. M. , SHERBAKOV B. K. , BEL'SKII F. I. , MATROSOV E. I. , PASECHNIK M. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Verbindung (IV) ist ein guter Komplexbildner für Erdalkali‐, Mg‐ und Zn‐Ionen.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHOSPHORUS(III) ACID CHLORIDES WITH EXO‐METHYLENE DERIVATIVES OF 1,4‐DIOXANE AND BENZO‐1,4‐DIOXANE.
Authors: TSIVUNIN V. S. , ZARIPOVA V. G. , BIKULOVA V. Z. , SHAIKHUTDINOVA F. I. , LEBANOVA T. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Chloride von Säuren des dreiwertigen Phosphors (II) reagieren mit Z‐Methylen‐l ,4‐dioxan (I) in Gegenwart äquivalenter Mengen Ethanol zu Verbindungen wie (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF AMINOTRIAZINES WITH CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND DIALKYL PHOSPHITES
Authors: PROKOF'EVA A. F. , SAPOZHNIKOVA ZH. Z. , MEL'NIKOV N. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Triazinderivat (I) reagiert mit aromatischen Aldehyden (II) oder mit Di‐isobutylformal (IV) zu den Aminalen (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF BIS(ORGANOHYDROXYCYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENYL) OXIDES
Authors: FEDOROV S. G. , GOL'DIN G. S. , KOTOVA E. V. , KISIN A. V. , NOSOVA V. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHexachlor‐cyclo‐triphosphazen (I) reagiert mit Alkoholen zu den Derivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: (2 + 2)‐CYCLOADDITION OF HEXAFLUOROACETONE TO P‐CHLOROPHOSPHONIUM ALKYLIDES.
Authors: KOLODYAZHNYI O. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Chlorphosphoniumalkylide (II) addieren Hexafluoraceton ( l) bei niedriger Temperatur unter Bildung der destillierbaren Oxaphosphetane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Toward the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Griseoviridin.
Authors: SAITO S. , TERAO K. , YAMAKAWA T. , MATSUMOTO Y. , NISHIDA R. , INABA M. , MORIWAKE T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAuf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg wird aus der (S)‐Glutaminsäure (I) das optisch aktive Amid (VIII) hergestellt, das ein wichtiger Baustein bei der Synthese des Antibioticums Griseoviridin ist.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION BETWEEN DIMETHYLMAGNESIUM AND LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE IN DIETHYL ETHER AND TETRAHYDROFURAN
Authors: GOEL A. B. , ASHBY E. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Untersuchung der Titelreaktion mittels IR‐ und 1H‐NMR‐Analyse zeigt, daß die Reaktion von MezMg und LiAll‐L, in Et2O im molaren Bereich von 4: l bis l : l MgH2 als unlöslichen Festkörper liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: MERCURY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 31. PREPARATION OF ALLENIC AND PROPARGYLIC ORGANOMERCURIC HALIDES
Authors: LAROCK R. C. , CHOW M.‐S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Propargyl: halogeniden (I) entstehen die Chlormercuri‐Derivate (II), aus (III) werden die isomeren Allene (IV)‐ erhalten, aus dem Alkin‐halogenid (V) entsteht gleichfalls ein Allenyl‐Derivat (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF LANTHANOIDS. PART 21. PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLLUTETIUM DERIVATIVES OF DIMETHYLPHOSPHONIOBIS(METHANIDE)
Authors: SCHUMANN H. , ALBRECHT I. , REIER F.‐W. , HAHN E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetallorganische Verbindungen der Lanthanoide.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND FLUORINE‐19‐PROTON (19F‐1H) NMR SPECTRA OF (4‐FLUOROPHENYL)ACETYLENE AND ITS ORGANOMETALLIC DERIVATIVES
Authors: PEREGUDOV A. S. , IVANOV V. F. , KRAVTSOV D. N. , FEDIN E. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAls Modellverbindungen zur Erforschung von Austauschreaktionen von Metall ‐ Proton und Metall‐Metall werden 4‐Fluorphenyl‐acetylen (Ia) und seine metallorganischen Verbindungen (Ib)‐(Ih) NMR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: F3CN:C:C:NCF3, A NEW BRIDGED LIGAND: FORMATION BY CARBON‐CARBON BONDING OF TWO CF3NC LIGANDS AND CLEAVAGE OF A MOMO BOND
Authors: LENTZ D. , BRUEDGAM I. + , HARTL H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie 1:1‐molare Umsetzung des Mo‐Dimeren (I) mit Trifluoracetonitril führt zu dem Komplex (II), in dem der nz‐gebundene Isocyanid‐Brückenligand als Vierelektronen‐Donator fungiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE NITROSYLATION OF TETRAOXOMETALLATES. PART X. GENERATION OF (RE(NO)2)7 MOIETY: SINGLE POT DOUBLE STEP SYNTHESIS OF THE HITHERTO UNKNOWN (RE(NO)2(NCS)3)‐ ANION AND ITS 2,2′‐BIPYRIDINE AND 1,10‐PHENANTHROLINE DERIVATIVES DIRECTLY FROM PERRHENATE IN AQUEOUS‐AEROBIC MEDIA
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA R. G. , ROY P. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie reduktive Nitrosylierung von Perrhenat‐Ionen (I) unter Verwendung von NHZOH und NCS′ in alkalischem Medium und die anschließende Reaktion der gebildeten Spezies Re(NO) " mit N02′ unter sauren Bedingungen führt zur Bildung des 158 Re(NO)2 7‐Tej s, wie die Isolierung des fünffach‐koordinierten Komplexkations als Salze (II) bzw. die der mit Bipyridyl oder Phenanthrolin synthetisierten Neutralkomplexe (III) bestätigen.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF BIS(μ‐METHANETHIOLATO)‐μ4‐THIOXOTETRAKIS(TRICARBONYLIRON) IN THE REACTION BETWEEN DODECACARBONYLTRIIRON AND DIMETHYL DISULFIDE
Authors: GLIDEWELL C. , HYDE A. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (IV) wird als Nebenprodukt der aus dem Fe‐carbonyl (I) und dem Disulfid (II) entstehenden anti‐ und syn‐Isomeren von (III) isoliert und identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSOFERROCENE
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , HAUMAIER L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas durch nucleophile Addition des Ferroceny ‐Restes aus Ferrocenyl‐Li an einen N0‐Liganden des Cr‐Komplexes (I) gebildete Primärprodukt unbekannter Struktur wird von tert.‐Butylisocyanid in den Nitrosoferrocen‐Komplex (II) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: BASIC CLUSTER REACTIONS: OPENING AND PARTIAL FRAGMENTATION OF TETRANUCLEAR CLUSTERS BY CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: RICHTER F. , MUELLER M. + , GAERTNER N. + , VAHRENKAMP H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei Einwirkung von CO auf Vierkerncluster der Typen (I), (VI), (IX) und (XI) tritt in allen Fällen unter geringem Überdruck Abbau zu Dreikernclustern ein.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAKIS(2‐AMINOTHIAZOLE)‐TRANS‐BIS(N‐THIOCYANATO)COBALT(II): SPECTROSCOPY, THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Authors: RAPER E. S. , CREIGHTON J. R. , OUGHTRED R. E. , NOWELL I. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Titelkomplex (I) wird durch l:4‐molare Umsetzung von Co(Il)‐thiocyanat‐hexahydrat mit 2‐Aminothiazol in siedendem abs.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF ONE‐DIMENSIONAL NICKEL(II)‐NICKEL(IV) MIXED‐VALENCE COMPLEXES BY THE X‐RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA
Authors: YAMASHITA M. , ITO T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAufgrund von Röntgenstrahlenphotoelektronenspektren werden den Oxidationsprodukten entsprechender Ni(Il)‐Komplexe die linearen Kettenstrukturen (I) und (H) zuerkannt, in denen Ni(II)‐ und Ni(IV)‐Ionen über Halogenidbrücken verknüpft sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN IMINE‐OXIME COPPER(III) COMPLEX
Authors: SULFAB Y. , AL‐SHATTI N. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Oxidation des CuUU‐Komplexes (I) in wäßrig ′saurer Lösung mit PbO2, S208" oder I0; führt zu dem relativ stabilen, isolierbaren, diamagnetischen Cu(III)‐Komplex (II) mit low‐spin‐ds‐Elektronenkonfiguration, der durch Elektronen‐ und EPR‐spektroskopische sowie cyclisch voltammetrische Untersuchungen charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRIDOPLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES CONTAINING PHOSPHITES OR PHOSPHONITES AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH METHYL ACRYLATE
Authors: MEYER W. R. , VENANZI L. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydridoplatinüD‐Komplexe mit Phosphiten oder Phosphoniten und ihre Reaktionen mit Methylacrylat.
ChemInform Abstract: THE (5R*,9S*)‐ AND (5R*,9R*)‐2,2,9‐TRIMETHYL‐1,6‐DIOXASPIRO(4.4)NON‐3‐ENE AND THEIR DIHYDRO DERIVATIVES AS NEW CONSTITUENTS OF GERANIUM OIL
Authors: KAISER R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der erneuten Untersuchung des Titelöles werden neben mehr als 270 Bestandteilen die neuen geruchsaktiven bicyclischen Acetale (I) und (II) isoliert, deren Struktur anhand von IR‐, MS‐ und ′‐H‐NMR‐Daten und durch Synthese ausgehend von (III) bzw. (VI) geklärt wird (Diskussion der Biogenese).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SAPONINS FROM PHYTOLACCA DODECANDRA L′HERIT
Authors: DOMON B. , HOSTETTMANN K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Strukturen der aus der Titelpflanze isolierten drei Saponine (Ia), (Ic) und (Ie) werden anhand der MS (CI, fast atom bombardement FAB)‐, 1H‐ und 13C‐Daten sowie durch Hydrolyse geklärt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF 19‐AZA‐ AND 19‐AMINOANDROSTENEDIONE ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL AROMATASE INHIBITORS
Authors: LOVETT J. A. , DARBY M. V. , COUNSELL R. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Oxidation des Hydroxy‐androstendions (I) erhält man die Carbonsäure (II), die über (III) und (IV) zu den Verbindungen (V) bzw. (VI) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (15N)‐, (1‐13C)‐, (3‐13C)‐, (RING‐1,2‐13C2)‐, AND (RING‐3,4,5‐13C3)‐LABELED DL‐TYROSINE
Authors: BALDWIN J. E. , BANSAL H. S. , CHONDROGIANNI J. , GALLAGHER P. T. , TAHA A. A. , TAYLOR A. , THALLER V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie für biochemische Experimente als Substrate erforderlichen, markierten Tyrosine (I) werden ‐ wie im Formelschema skizziert ‐ synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐TRICHLOROACETOXYPHTHALIMIDE AS A NEW REAGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF N‐HYDROXYPHTHALIMIDE ESTERS OF N‐SUBSTITUTED AMINO ACIDS
Authors: IL'INA A. V. , DAVIDOVICH YU. A. , ROGOZHIN S. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractN‐Hydroxyphthalimid (I) wird mit einem Uberschuß an Trichloracetylchlorid (II) (mindestens 3 Mol) in einem aprotischen Lösungsmittel zum Trichloracetoxy‐phthalimid (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF HYDROPHOBIC TRIPEPTIDES
Authors: KHABAROVA E. I. , ZVONKOVA E. N. , EVSTIGNEEVA R. P. , CHUPIN V. V. , KULISH M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Dipeptidester (IV) und (VII) werden nach dem Dicyclohexylcarbodiimidverfahren hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Diorganocuprate Reactions with L‐Serine Derivatives.
Authors: BAJGROWICZ J. A. , EL HALLAOUI A. , JACQUIER R. , PIGIERE CH. , VIALLEFONT P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Serin‐Derivaten (I) entstehen mit Organolithiumcupraten (II) unter Erhalt der optischen Aktivität die Substitutionsprodukte (III) bzw. die Dehydroverbindungen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF C‐GLYCOSIDATION THROUGH A WITTIG‐MERCURIOCYCLIZATION PROCEDURE
Authors: NICOTRA F. , PEREGO R. , RONCHETTI F. , RUSSO G. , TOMA L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Stereochemie der C‐Glykosidierung durch Wittig‐Reaktion der Aldehydgruppe von Kohlenhydraten wie (I) bzw.(VII) zu Produkten wie (III) bzw. (V) [analoge Bildung aus der entsprechenden Mannose] bzw. (VIII) und nachfolgende Mercuriocyclisierung zu den Kohlenhydrat‐Derivaten (IV) (ausschließlich), (VIa) + (VIb), (IXa) + (IXb) bzw. ( IXc) + (IXd) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Methyl 3,4,7,8‐Tetradeoxy‐α‐and β‐DL‐erythro‐oct‐3‐enopyranosid‐6‐ulose Dimethyl Ketals.
Authors: CHMIELEWSKI M. , ACHMATOWICZ O. JUN. , ZAMOJSKI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas durch Verseifung/Decarboxylierung des (bekannten) Esters (Ia) erhältliche Keton (Ib) wird über die Bromhydrine (II), (III) in die Epoxide (IV) bzw. (V) übergeführt, die mit Dimethylamin (VI) die Produkte (VIII) [durch basische Isomerisierung der prim. gebildeten α‐arabino‐ Spezies (VII)] bzw. (IX) + (X) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITION OF ARABINOSE 5‐PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE. AN APPROACH TO THE INHIBITION OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS
Authors: BIGHAM E. C. , GRAGG C. E. , HALL W. R. , KELSEY J. E. , MALLORY W. R. , RICHARDSON D. C. , BENEDICT C. , RAY P. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhosphate wie (II), (V) und (VII), Lactone (IX) und Arabinofuranosederivate (X) werden, wie im Formelschema skizziert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE N‐9, C‐1 DIANION OF TETRAHYDRO‐β‐CARBOLINES. REGIOSELECTIVE ALKYLATION LEADING TO INDOLE ALKALOID SYSTEMS
Authors: MEYERS A. I. , LOEWE M. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Formamidin (Ib) erhält man bei Behandlung mit KH und Organo‐Lithiumverbindungen das Salz (II), das zu (IV) alkyliert und mit Hydrazin gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Optically Active Ethyl Amicetosides by Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: KONOWAL A. , ZAMOJSKI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydroborierung des Pyrans (IV) mit Diisopinocampheylboran, das in situ aus α‐Pinen (I) gebildet wird, und nachfolgende Oxidation führen zu optisch aktivem α‐(II) und β‐(Amicetosid) (III).
ChemInform Abstract: METABOLIC PRODUCTS OF MICROORGANISMS. 227. ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF RUTAMYCIN B
Authors: WUTHIER D. , KELLER‐SCHIERLEIN W. , WAHL B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der chromatographischen Reinigung des aus Stretomyces aureofaciens isolierten Venturicidins A wurde die Titelverbindung (Ib) gefunden, die ihren Namen in Anlehnung an das bekannte Rutamycin (Ia) erhielt.
ChemInform Abstract: LIMITATIONS AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE LACTAM REDUCTION APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESIS OF ANTHRAMYCIN ANALOGS
Authors: THURSTON D. E. , KAUMAYA P. T. P. , HURLEY L. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Reduktion der Pyrrolo‐benzodiazepindione (I) zu den Aminoalkoholen (II) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (Z)‐HEXADEC‐13‐EN‐11‐YN‐1‐OL ACETATE, PHEROMONE OF PRECESSIONARY MOTH OF PINE TREE
Authors: KANG J. , KIM Y. H. , LEE C. S. , PYUN C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Synthese des Titel‐Pheromons (VI) kann ausgehend vom Alkohol (le) ‐ zugänglich aus der Säure (Ia) sukzessiv über die Stufen (Ib), (Ic), (Id) ‐ a) über das Acetat (IV) oder b) über das lodacetat (VII) durchgeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF (Z,Z)‐3,13‐OCTADECADIEN‐1‐YL ACETATE, THE SEX PHEROMONE OF SYNANTHEDON SPECIES
Authors: VINCZER P. , BAAN G. , NOVAK L. , SZANTAY C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Synthese des (Z,Z)‐3,13‐Octadecadien‐1‐yl‐acetates (VIII), das das Sex‐Pheromon der in Obstgärten auftretenden Schädlingsgattung Synanthedon ist, erfolgt in der angegebenen Weise.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐SUBSTITUTED THIAZOLIDINE‐4(R)‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AS PRODRUGS OF L‐CYSTEINE. PROTECTION OF MICE AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY
Authors: NAGASAWA H. T. , GOON D. J. W. , MULDOON W. P. , ZERA R. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Carbonsäuren (I) und (II) werden auf ihre Schutzwirkung gegen tödliche hepatotoxische Dosen (LD ) von Acetaminophen an Mäusen getestet.
Astrocytic glutamate transport regulates a Drosophila CNS synapse that lacks astrocyte ensheathment
Authors: MacNamee Sarah E. , Liu Kendra E. , Gerhard Stephan , Tran Cathy T. , Fetter Richard D. , Cardona Albert , Tolbert Leslie P. , Oland Lynne A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAnatomical, molecular, and physiological interactions between astrocytes and neuronal synapses regulate information processing in the brain. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a valuable experimental system for genetic manipulation of the nervous system and has enormous potential for elucidating mechanisms that mediate neuron–glia interactions. Here, we show the first electrophysiological recordings from Drosophila astrocytes and characterize their spatial and physiological relationship with particular synapses. Astrocyte intrinsic properties were found to be strongly analogous to those of vertebrate astrocytes, including a passive current‐voltage relationship, low membrane resistance, high capacitance, and dye‐coupling to local astrocytes. Responses to optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic premotor neurons were correlated directly with anatomy using serial electron microscopy reconstructions of homologous identified neurons and surrounding astrocytic processes. Robust bidirectional communication was present: neuronal activation triggered astrocytic glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (Eaat1), and blocking Eaat1 extended glutamatergic interneuron‐evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in motor neurons. The neuronal synapses were always located within 1 μm of an astrocytic process, but none were ensheathed by those processes. Thus, fly astrocytes can modulate fast synaptic transmission via neurotransmitter transport within these anatomical parameters. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1979–1998, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application and comparison of high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography in semi‐preparative separation of decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA), a bioactive secoiridoid from extra‐virgin olive oil
Authors: Jiménez‐Sánchez Cecilia , Lozano‐Sánchez Jesús , Brüggemann Margret , Neves‐Vieira Mariana , Rodriguez‐Werner Miriam , Schmalfuß Eva , Winterhalter Peter , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: May 2016

This paper primarily extends research on applying and comparing high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in semi‐preparative isolation of decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA), a bioactive secoiridoid, from extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO). An EVOO phenolic extract (EVOO‐PE) was obtained by solid‐phase extraction (SPE), and this extract was subjected to one run using the maximum loading capacity of each methodology without loss of resolution. For this sample set, the HSCCC method proved to be a more efficient approach regarding loading capacity, solvent consumption, and throughput compared with the HPLC method. However, the purity of the target from HPLC was superior to that of HSCCC, as the number of theoretical plates could not match that of HPLC. Therefore, we propose that HPLC should be used when higher purities are required, despite higher costs. In addition, HPLC is orthogonal and complementary to HSCCC, and can often provide straightforward resolution of otherwise difficult separations by HSCCC.Practical applications: Our results indicate that the optimized HSCCC is an economic process, and hence, a good candidate for further scaling‐up to preparative and industrial scales, as long as the chromatographic profile of the sample itself is simple enough to achieve good resolution, or a very high purity of the compound of interest is not required. For those cases, HPLC would provide superior target purity but would result in higher costs.This paper compares high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in semi‐preparative isolation of decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA), a bioactive secoiridoid, from extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO). An EVOO phenolic extract (EVOO‐PE) was obtained by solid‐phase extraction (SPE), and this extract was subjected to one run using the maximum loading capacity of each methodology without loss of resolution. For this sample set, the HSCCC method proved to be a more efficient approach regarding loading capacity, solvent consumption, and throughput compared with the HPLC method. However, the purity of the target from HPLC was superior to that of HSCCC, as the number of theoretical plates could not match that of HPLC.
A comparative approach using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems
Authors: Haegerbaeumer Arne , Höss Sebastian , Ristau Kai , Claus Evelyn , Möhlenkamp Christel , Heininger Peter , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Soft sediments are often hotspots of chemical contamination, and a thorough ecotoxicological assessment of this habitat can help to identify the causes of stress and to improve the health of the respective ecosystems. As an important component of the ecologically relevant meiobenthic fauna, nematodes can be used for sediment assessments, with various assay tools ranging from single-species toxicity tests to field studies. In the present study, microcosms containing sediment were used to investigate direct and indirect effects of zinc on natural nematode assemblages, and acute community toxicity tests considering only direct toxicity were conducted. The responses of the various freshwater nematode species in both approaches were compared with those of Caenorhabditis elegans, determined in standardized tests (ISO 10872). At a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 20 mg Zn/L, C. elegans represented the median susceptibility of 15 examined nematode species examined in the acute community toxicity tests. In the microcosms, Zn affected the nematodes dose-dependently, with changes in species composition first detected at 13 mg Zn/kg to 19 mg Zn/kg sediment dry weight. The observed species sensitivities in the microcosms corresponded better to field observations than to the results of the acute community toxicity tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2987–2997. © 2016 SETAC
Blood flow imaging in zebrafish by laser doppler digital holography
Authors: Donnarumma Dario , Brodoline Alexey , Alexandre Daniel , Gross Michel 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTMicrovessel blood flow imaging techniques are widely used in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics where many diseases have a vascular etiology or involvement. For testing purposes, zebrafish embryo provides an ideal animal model to achieve high‐resolution imaging of superficial and deeply localized vessels. Moreover, the study of the formation of a closed circulatory system in vertebrates is a topic of recent interest in biophysics. However, most of the existing techniques are invasive due to the use of a contrast agent for imaging purposes. Recent developments in Digital Holography and Laser Doppler Holography techniques can be considered to alleviate this issue. Laser Doppler holography and transmission microscopy can be coupled to analyze blood flow in fish embryos by adapting a laser Doppler holographic setup to a standard bio‐microscope: the two beams of the holographic interferometer (illumination of the object and reference), whose frequency offset is controlled, were addressed to the microscope by optical fibers. Multimodal acquisition and analysis of the data is made by acting on the frequency offset of the two beams, and on the location of the Fourier space filtered zone. In this work, we show that it is possible to select the signal of moving scatterers, and to image Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and blood vessels. Individual RBCs are imaged, and movies showing the RBC motion are obtained. Microsc. Res. Tech. 81:153–161, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.