bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superoptimal Perceptual Integration Suggests a Place-Based Representation of Pitch at High Frequencies
Authors: Lau Bonnie K. , Mehta Anahita H. , Oxenham Andrew J. 
Published: August 2017

Pitch, the perceptual correlate of sound repetition rate or frequency, plays an important role in speech perception, music perception, and listening in complex acoustic environments. Despite the perceptual importance of pitch, the neural mechanisms that underlie it remain poorly understood. Although cortical regions responsive to pitch have been identified, little is known about how pitch information is extracted from the inner ear itself. The two primary theories of peripheral pitch coding involve stimulus-driven spike timing, or phase locking, in the auditory nerve (time code), and the spatial distribution of responses along the length of the cochlear partition (place code). To rule out the use of timing information, we tested pitch discrimination of very high-frequency tones (>8 kHz), well beyond the putative limit of phase locking. We found that high-frequency pure-tone discrimination was poor, but when the tones were combined into a harmonic complex, a dramatic improvement in discrimination ability was observed that exceeded performance predicted by the optimal integration of peripheral information from each of the component frequencies. The results are consistent with the existence of pitch-sensitive neurons that rely only on place-based information from multiple harmonically related components. The results also provide evidence against the common assumption that poor high-frequency pure-tone pitch perception is the result of peripheral neural-coding constraints. The finding that place-based spectral coding is sufficient to elicit complex pitch at high frequencies has important implications for the design of future neural prostheses to restore hearing to deaf individuals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe question of how pitch is represented in the ear has been debated for over a century. Two competing theories involve timing information from neural spikes in the auditory nerve (time code) and the spatial distribution of neural activity along the length of the cochlear partition (place code). By using very high-frequency tones unlikely to be coded via time information, we discovered that information from the individual harmonics is combined so efficiently that performance exceeds theoretical predictions based on the optimal integration of information from each harmonic. The findings have important implications for the design of auditory prostheses because they suggest that enhanced spatial resolution alone may be sufficient to restore pitch via such implants.
Relationship between biomarkers of muscle damage and redox status in response to a weightlifting training session: effect of time-of-day
Authors: Ammar A , Chtourou H , Hammouda O , Turki M , Ayedi F , Kallel C , AbdelKarim O , Hoekelmann A , Souissi N 
Published: August 2017

The aims of the present study were to: (1) investigate the effect of a weightlifting training session and time-of-day (TOD) upon biological parameters (i.e., oral temperature, hematological, C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress) and (2) assess their possible link with muscle damage responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in a randomized order, three Olympic-Weightlifting sessions (i.e., at 08:00, 14:00, and 18:00). Blood samples were collected at rest, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Between pre- and post-training session, ANOVA showed significant increases in oxidative stress markers at the three TODs (p < 0.01) and significant increases for creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) only at 08:00 and 18:00 (p < 0.05). At rest, the results showed a significant diurnal variation for the majority of the selected parameters except for malondialdehyde (MDA), total bilirubin, and CRP with higher values observed at 18:00 (p < 0.05). After the training session, given the higher rate of increase during the morning session, these diurnal variations persisted for temperature and WBC (p < 0.01) and were suppressed for CK, LDH, uric acid (UA), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The main significant correlations (p < 0.001) were observed between: (1) CK and MDA (r = 0.6) and CK and UA (r = 0.66 and r = 0.82) during the morning and evening training sessions; (2) CK and CRP only during the morning session (r = 0.5); and (3) CRP and WBC during the three training sessions (r = 0.8). In conclusion, the present findings: (1) confirm that the muscle damage responses could be induced by a high level of oxidative stress and (2) suggest to avoid scheduling training sessions in the morning given the higher muscle damage, inflammatory, and oxidative responses at this TOD.
Medical management and evaluations of stable angina patients in tertiary care centre without invasive treatment
Authors: M. Ranganatha , S. Nagabhushana , C. L. Aravinda , V. Virupakshappa 
Published: August 2017

Background: Ischemic heart disease is the important cause of morbidity and mortality in the community, it may present with wide variety of clinical entities. Chronic stable angina is a common condition and results in a considerable burden for both the individual and society. There are two approaches to the management of stable angina - percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and optimising medical therapy (OMT). Our study is focused on management of stable angina in tertiary care centre without invasive investigation.Methods: This study carried out in Medicine Department, SIMS, Shimoga for 7 months from January 2017 to July 2017. 100 patients of chronic Stable Angina attending OPD of Mc Gann Hospital. A detailed history was taken in all the patients and a through physical examination was done. ECG, Blood investigations, 2D- Echocardiography and TMT is done.Results: The mean age was (54.67±8.56) years. With male to female ratio being 1.2:1. ECG was normal in majority of patients (39%), followed by ST, T changes (33%), LVH (35%) and Hemiblock (36%). Hyperlipidemia (48%), Hypertension (42%) and Diabetes mellitus (37%) are major diseases associated with stable angina. Most of the patients are taking clopidogrel (96%) and aspirin (88%). Followed by ACE/ARB’s (70%) and statins (72%). Normal 2D-Echo is seen in 82% of cases. Diastolic dysfunction in 69%. Decreased ejection fraction in 23%. TMT is done in only 75 patients out of whom 9 could not complete the test. Inducible ischemia is positive in 48 patients.Conclusions: Our study showed ECG changes, 2D Echo findings, TMT results and medication usage similar to other studies. However, there is less compliance with medication and risk factors are under controlled. Stable Angina is a common initial manifestation of coronary heart disease. It needs to be treated more aggressively to prevent complications. Increasing education regarding stable angina both among patients and physicians is need of the hour.
Nitretação a plasma de zircônia estabilizada com ítria: um estudo comparativo
Authors: Molossi Michel , Catafesta Jadna , Figueroa Carlos Alejandro , Aguzzoli Cesar 
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho apresenta a investigação experimental da nitretação da zircônia parcialmente estabilizada com ítria (3% mol), utilizando dois diferentes métodos de nitretação: i) nitretação a plasma por radiofrequência e ii) nitretação por indução eletromagnética, através de um forno de indução de alta frequência. As características morfológicas e físico-químicas da camada resultante do processo de nitretação a plasma foram analisadas por diferentes técnicas, tais como espectroscopia de retroespalhamento Rutherford e difração de raios X e análise química por espectroscopia Raman e Espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios X. A estrutura da camada nitretada a plasma é complexa, sendo composta de zircônia tetragonal e cúbica, bem como de oxinitreto de zircônio. Este artigo descreve uma comparação entre duas técnicas de nitretação para determinar a eficiência de cada método. A técnica de nitretação a plasma por radiofrequência foi mais efetiva que por indução eletromagnética devido a incorporação de nitrogênio na matriz da zircônia. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v5iss1p18
Implantação de Íons de Nitrogênio em PMMA Através de uma Fonte Kaufman
Authors: Fontoura Cristian Padilha , Wanke Cesar Henrique , Aguzzoli Cesar 
Published: August 2017

A modificação de superfícies é uma técnica que a engenharia tem feito uso há muito tempo, para melhoria de propriedades em materiais. O poli metil-metacrilato (PMMA), por ser um material de constante uso em aplicações biomédicas, exige que sua superfície apresente características favoráveis à adesão celular e compatibilidade com tecidos. Os polímeros, de uma maneira geral, quando submetidos a tratamentos em plasma, tendem a formar grupos funcionais que alteram propriedades ópticas, químicas, físicas e de biocompatibilidade. Em função disso, este trabalho propôs realizar a funcionalização de substratos de PMMA através da fonte de íons Kaufman. Amostras de PMMA foram submetidas ao feixe de íons de nitrogênio gerado pela fonte Kaufman, em diversas condições. A caracterização foi feita pelas técnicas de GD-OES, FTIR e EDS. Ficou comprovado, através do perfil de concentração de nitrogênio obtido por GD-OES, que a quantidade de nitrogênio na superfície aumenta gradativamente com o tempo de implantação e a potência. Outro indício foi a análise em FTIR, que mostrou presença de aminas nas faixas entre 1654-655 cm-1 e 3300-3700 cm-1. A análise em EDS, porém, comprovou também a presença de ferro e cromo, agentes citotóxicos, que precisam ser eliminados para a continuidade dos trabalhos. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v5iss1p31
Uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa para as Estações do Ano
Authors: Pellenz Daiana , Giovannini Odilon 
Published: August 2017

O artigo apresenta a avaliação de uma unidade de ensino sobre as estações do ano com potencial para a promoção da aprendizagem significativa em estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Estudos mostram que a causa das estações do ano é pouco compreendida por estudantes e professores de Educação Básica e concepções alternativas para a explicação desse fenômeno são comuns no ambiente escolar. Diante desse cenário, construiu-se uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS), sobre as estações do ano, e aplicou-se em turmas do oitavo e nono ano do Ensino Fundamental. As UEPS são sequências didáticas fundamentadas na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa em que, partindo do conhecimento prévio dos estudantes, atividades são estruturadas em uma sequência lógica a fim de promover a interação dos novos conhecimentos com o que o estudante já sabe facilitando a ocorrência dos processos de diferenciação progressiva e da reconciliação integradora. Os diferentes instrumentos avaliativos utilizados no decorrer da aplicação da UEPS favoreceram a ocorrência dos processos de diferenciação e reconciliação na medida em que as ações eram realizadas. Portanto, a UEPS contribuiu para a compreensão do mecanismo da causa das estações do ano, fornecendo indícios da ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa nos estudantes. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v5iss1p37
O que o processo civil precisa aprender com a linguagem? / What does the civil process need to learn with the language?
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , Raatz Igor , Dietrich William Galle 
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo visa a desvelar como o processo civil brasileiro ainda está amplamente comprometido com o paradigma filosófico racionalista, de René Descartes e de Wilhelm Leibniz, através daquilo que Ovídio Araújo Baptista da Silva denominou de ordinariedade. A ordinariedade nada mais é do que enxergar o processo como um método, vale dizer, um procedimento rígido, de caráter apriorístico e atemporal, que preza por provimentos vocacionados em produzir coisa julgada, com base no pressuposto da “busca pela verdade real”. Tendo a Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito como fio condutor do presente estudo, pretende-se desvelar como o pensamento cartesiano foi superado na (e pela) filosofia e, dessa forma, descortinar como a ruptura com a ordinariedade no processo não mais perpassa por uma ruptura legislativa, mas antes, por uma ruptura com o senso comum teórico dos juristas, que permanece comprometido com racionalismo cartesiano, ignorando o giro ontológico promovido por Heidegger e Gadamer. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ordinariedade. Racionalismo Cartesiano. Filosofia Hermenêutica e Hermenêutica Filosófica. ABSTRACT: The present article aims to unveil how the Brazilian civil process is still widely compromised with the René Descartes and Wilhelm Leibniz’s rationalist philosophical paradigm, trough what Ovídio Araujo Baptista da Silva named as ordinariness. The ordinariness is nothing more than seeing the process as a method, worth saying, as a rigid proceeding with aprioristic and timeless character that prey at producing res judicata provisions, based on the “search for the real truth” presupposition. With the Hermeneutical Critics of Law as the conducting wire of the present study, it is intended to unveil how the Cartesian thought was surpassed in (and for) the philosophy and, in this way, uncover how the ordinariness rupture in the process does not runs through a legislative rupture, but by a rupture with the jurist’s theoretical common sense, that stands compromised with the Cartesian rationalism, ignoring the ontological turn promoted by Heidegger and Gadamer. KEY-WORDS: Ordinariness. Cartesian Rationalism. Hermeneutic Philosophy and Philosophical Hermeneutics.
PEMIMPIN MADRASAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN HADITS
Authors: Yaqien Nurul 
Published: August 2017

<p align="center"> </p><p>There are various requirements in becoming the leader of madrasa in Islam, such as the existence of justice, honesty, resposibility, emphaty, and so fort, which are pertinent to the expert theories about leadership. It is preferrable that the leader of madrasah come from generous generation because, indirectly, it affects the leadership quality of the leader. Once a person become a leader in madrasa, he must be able to perform very well because it means that he deal with responsibility in the world and in the hereafter. Rasulullah saw. saw forbade people to ask to be a leader, especially when they do not own most leadership aspects. If people insist for that responsibility, Allah swt might will not bless that job, and futhermore, there might be bad things happen in the future, such as students’ failure in national examination, lack of school achievement, lack of society reliance, and so forth. These might be happen since basically, Allah swt will not help people who ask for position.</p><p><strong>Keyword: </strong><em>Leader, Madrasa, Alquran, Hadits</em><strong> </strong></p>
PERAN MANAJER DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KONFLIK ORGANISASI
Authors: Dhorifin Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

<p><em>The main objective of conflict management behavior is to establish and maintain cooperative working relationship with subordinates, peers, superiors and outsiders. Some forms of conflict management behaviors such as bargaining and integrative problem solving, the approaches to dealing with conflicts involving a manager and others whose assistance they need to achieve work goals. Conflict management as well as efforts to mediate conflicts among others. The main purpose of behavior to build a team is to build a working unit in solidarity with the identification of a strong and a high level of cooperation.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: manage</em><em>r</em><em>, organizational conflict</em></p>
MANAJEMEN PENCITRAAN DI MADRASAH BERPRESTASI (MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI BANGIL DAN MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI KRATON PASURUAN)
Authors: Suprapto Anas 
Published: August 2017

<p><em>Madrasah today becomes one of the people's choices. There were changes in the perception of the educational institutions (madrasah) from "under-estimate" by most people to be sympathetic and believe in the existence and madrasah education services. Neverthelees, not all the madrasah to make progress as part of a planned and professionally managed. Professional management is one indicator is entering the marketing strategy of its reality madrasah included in this komodity.This study region focuses on: 1. Aspects of the underlying imaging management 2. Management pattern imaging performed and 3. Implementation imaging management in realizing the madrasah who excel in MAN Bangil and MAN Kraton. This study used a qualitative approach, case study with a design multisite.Technics ofdata collection is done in three ways, namely: 1. Observation 2. In-depth interviews ; and 3. Documentation. Existing data were analyzed through two stages: 1. Analysis of data on individual case and2. Analysis of data across sites (cross-site analysis). Sources of data in this research is the headmaster, the deputy headmaster, teachers, committees, students, school administration staff, gardener, and citizens around the madrasah.</em><em></em></p><p><em>The results showed that: first, the underlying aspects of management among other related imaging madrasah; madrasah vision, mission, background / history of the madrasah, the tendency of the public mindset, opportunities for madrasah to be an option. Second, the pattern of imaging in both MAN management is no conformity with the marketing approach of BPD (branding, positioning and differentiating). Both madrasah underlying the strategy by promoting religious culture as mainstream. Third, the implementation is done by utilizing imaging management and maximize the role of the media, activities that direct access to the community, and to fuse the cultures existing society. The findings of this study is madrasah has the potential to remain an option because it has the values of the peculiarities of the religious culture. Approach to marketing is done in order to answer the demands of public order madrasah can adjust to market needs.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> imaging management, the school achievement, madrasah aliyah</em></p>
PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN STRATEGI DALAM DAKWAH NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
Authors: Antariksa Walid Fajar 
Published: August 2017

<p><span class="fontstyle0">Prophet Muhammad PBUH is a role model in every aspect of life. Many valuable lessons can be learned from his life. From the point of view of strategic management, every strategic decision that has been made by Prophet Muhammad PBUH in his dakwah in all kinds of diverse internal and external environment conditions is very much in line with modern strategy management science. This article tries to explain how strategic management applied by Prophet Muhammad PBUH especially in his da'wah so that now the Islamic religion spread all over the world. </span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2">Keywords: </span><span class="fontstyle0">Prophet Muhammad, Strategic Management.</span></p>
PENERAPAN TOTAL PERFORMANCE SCORECARD (TPS) DALAM UPAYA MEMBANGUN KOMITMEN PEGAWAI DI ORGANISASI SEKTOR PUBLIK
Authors: Sulistiani Dwi 
Published: August 2017

<span class="fontstyle0">Every organization has a goal to be achieved. Therefore, the vision, mission, and strategy are structured with the support of organizational structures, formulas and systems that must be implemented, in order not to be wasted. The amount of funds, the amount of time, energy and thoughts poured in the organization is also a matter of free if there is no commitment of all employees in implementing the structure and system of the organization. Building employee commitment is mandatory to implement and can be done with two main things: embed the values of the organization or company and align the organizational goals and objectives of the employee.<br />The values of organization or company that must exist include integrity, professionalism, innovation, teamwork that can shape or change the behavior / culture of employees and become an organizational work culture. Implementation of these organizational values must be followed by several critical success factors. The most important thing is the<br />alignment of the company's desire to achieve effectiveness and efficiency with the desires of individual employees in relation to their personal well-being in an effort to improve<br />integrated performance and as a result of continuous improvement, development and learning through the application of Total Performance Scorecard (TPS).<br />This literature review aims to increase knowledge and insight in building employee commitment in an effort to achieve organizational goals, especially in the public sector.<br />Additionally, it adds an understanding of how to improve employee relationships with companies or organizations actively because employees who show a high commitment<br />have a desire to provide more energy and responsibility in supporting the welfare and success of the organization where they work.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">Keywords: </span><span class="fontstyle0">organization goals, employee commitment, Integrity, Professionalism, Innovation, Teamwork, Total Performance Scorecard.</span>
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA BERBASIS KOMPETENSI SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM DI TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Indayati Retno 
Published: August 2017

<span class="fontstyle0">Islamic elementary school is a based Islamic elementary education institution that gives students basic competencies to continue their study to the more higher level. Recently the society’s trust toward the school is getting increase. One of the factors affecting the increase of the society’s interest toward the Islamic elementary school is the quality of the teachers who have integrity, comitment and competencies. This research was intended to analyze and find out: 1) planning of Competence Based Human Resource Management in Islamic Elementary School; 2) developing strategies of Competence Based Human Resource Management in Islamic Elementary School; and 3) the effects of developing Competence Based Human Resource Management in Islamic Elementary School. This study used a qualitative approach by with multi-case study using multisite research design. The data were collected using in-depth interview, participant observation, and documentation. The results of this research revealed that: 1) planning of Human Resource in Islamic Elementary School is religious-based competency approach. The steps are: a) need analysis, b) the determination of the standard qualification of teachers (academic, religious, experience, motivation and ‘dakwah”); c) selection, with open system selection, d)<br />apprenticeship and evaluation, include: competence, motivation and commitment of devotion. 2) Developing strategies of Competence Based Human Resource Management in Islamic Elementary School by synergizing the continuous training and development (CTD), performance evaluation and build a spirit of integration ‘dakwah’ and education. Goal of human resources development in the aspects of: a) improving the commitment and internship through giving compensation, career development, personal and family guidance, and building good cooperation ; b) improving academic and spiritual competence through training and socialization, supervisison, further studies, motivation that working is religious good deeds, praying together, and getting<br />close to Allah (al qiyadah); 3) the effects of developing human resource were teachers have high motivation, they became models for the students, they are loyal and committed to serve and give attention to the students. From the findings above it can be concluded that the human resource management at Islamic elementary school is spirituality based human resource management.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">Key Words</span><span class="fontstyle0">: Human Resource Management, based competence, Islamic Elementary School.</span>