bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers for guideline adherence in knee osteoarthritis care: A qualitative study from the patients' perspective
Authors: Spitaels David , Vankrunkelsven Patrik , Desfosses Jurgen , Luyten Frank , Verschueren Sabine , Van Assche Dieter , Aertgeerts Bert , Hermens Rosella 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesGuidelines for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) are suboptimally implemented in clinical care. To improve guideline adherence, patients' perceived barriers and facilitators in current care were investigated.MethodsEleven patients with knee OA were extensively interviewed using a semistructured script based on quality indicators. Directed content analysis, within the framework of Grol and Wensing, was performed to describe barriers and facilitators in 6 domains: guideline, health care professional, patient, social environment, organization, and financial context. Data were analyzed using NVIVO 10 software.ResultsIn total, 38 barriers, at all 6 domains, were identified. The most frequently mentioned barriers were in the domains of the patient and the health care professional, namely, patients' disagreement with guidelines recommendations, negative experience with drugs, patients' limited comprehension of the disease process, and poor communication by the health care professional. The patients' disagreement with recommendations is further explained by the following barriers: “insistence on medical imaging,” “fear that physiotherapy aggravates pain,” and “perception that knee OA is not a priority health issue”. Patients also reported 20 facilitators, all of which are listed as opposing barriers.ConclusionsPatients indicate that both personal factors and factors related to health care professionals play an important role in nonadherence. An interview script, based on quality indicators, was a significant aid to structurally formulate barriers and facilitators in the perceived knee OA care. Future guideline implementation strategies should take the identified barriers and facilitators into account.
Applying Lean Six Sigma methodology to reduce cesarean section rate
Authors: Chai Ze‐Ying , Hu Hua‐Min , Ren Xiu‐Ling , Zeng Bao‐Jin , Zheng Ling‐Zhi , Qi Feng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to reduce cesarean section rate and increase rate of vaginal delivery.MethodsBy using Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology, the cesarean section rate was investigated and analyzed through a 5‐phase roadmap consisting of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. The principal causes of cesarean section were identified, improvement measures were implemented, and the rate of cesarean section before and after intervention was compared.ResultsAfter patients with a valid medical reason for cesarean were excluded, the main causes of cesarean section were maternal request, labor pain, parturient women assessment, and labor observation. A series of measures was implemented, including an improved parturient women assessment system, strengthened pregnancy nutrition guidance, implementation of painless labor techniques, enhanced midwifery team building, and promotion of childbirth‐assist skills. Ten months after introduction of the improvement measures, the cesarean section rate decreased from 41.83% to 32.00%, and the Six Sigma score (ie, Z value) increased from 1.706 to 1.967 (P < .001).ConclusionLSS is an effective way to reduce the rate of cesarean section.
Caudal type homeobox 2 expression induced by leukocytapheresis might be associated with mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Hayashi Ryohei , Fukushima Keita , Hibiya Shuji , Horita Nobukatsu , Negi Mariko , Itoh Eisaku , Akashi Takumi , Eishi Yoshinobu , Motoya Satoshi , Takeuchi Yoshiaki , Kunisaki Reiko , Fukunaga Ken , Nakamura Shiro , Yoshimura Naoki , Takazoe Masakazu , Iizuka Bunei , Suzuki Yasuo , Nagahori Masakazu , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an intractable, recurrent course. Although the goal of UC therapy has recently been to target mucosal healing, the molecular mechanism of mucosal healing remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular dynamics related to the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells during cytapheresis therapy in a short duration.MethodsEndoscopy was performed in 26 patients with UC in multicentre hospitals, and biopsy specimens were collected from the rectum before and within two weeks after leukocytapheresis (LCAP). The expression of representative proteins in intestinal epithelial cells and pathological findings was compared before and after LCAP.ResultsThe expression of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and a hes family bHLH transcription factor 1(HES1) markedly increased after LCAP. Patients with endoscopic improvement after LCAP showed the expression of CDX2 before LCAP. Moreover, the number of goblet cells significantly increased after LCAP. Patients without endoscopic improvement after LCAP did not show the expression of CDX2 before LCAP. However, the expression of CDX2 markedly increased after LCAP.ConclusionThis study suggests that cytapheresis might induce CDX2 expression without affecting the cell proliferation, thus resulting in mucosal healing with goblet cell restoration.
Diagnostic efficacy of quantitative endoscopic ultrasound elastography for differentiating pancreatic disease
Authors: Kim Su Young , Cho Jae Hee , Kim Yoon Jae , Kim Eui Joo , Park Ji Young , Jeon Tae Joo , Kim Yeon Suk 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS‐EG) constitutes a novel imaging procedure that allows for the quantification of tissue stiffness with high degrees of accuracy in pancreatic disease. However, the optimal cut‐off and reference strain ratio (SR) value of quantitative EUS‐EG for differential diagnosis in patients with pancreatic disease remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify these values of normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatic cancer in an Asian population.MethodsBetween December 2014 and November 2015, 398 patients without pancreatic disease, 67 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 90 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent EUS were enrolled prospectively. Elastographic evaluation was measured using the quotient B/A (SR value).ResultsThe mean SR was 3.78 ± 1.35 for normal pancreas, 8.21 ± 5.16 for chronic pancreatitis, and 21.80 ± 12.23 for pancreatic cancer (P < 0.001). The median SR was 15.14 for mass‐forming pancreatitis and 18.00 for pancreatic cancer (P = 0.024). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the SR were 71.6%, 75.2%, and 74.8%, respectively, for detecting chronic pancreatitis using a cut‐off value of 5.62, and were 95.6%, 96.3%, and 96.2%, respectively, for detecting pancreatic cancer using a cut‐off value of 8.86.ConclusionsWe provided reference range SR values for normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, as well as an optimal cut‐off value for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer diagnostic accuracy in an Asian population. Quantitative EUS‐EG is a supplementary diagnostic method for identifying pancreatic disease.
The effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor/antioxidant response element signalling pathway in the lanthanum chloride‐induced impairment of learning and memory in rats
Authors: Zhang Lijin , Yang Jinghua , Jin Cuihong , Wu Shengwen , Lu Xiaobo , Hu Xiaoyu , Sun Yaling , Cai Yuan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLanthanum exerts adverse effects on the central nervous system. However, the mechanism underlying these adverse effects has not been clarified. It is known that oxidative stress plays an important role in neurological injuries induced by harmful factors. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (Nrf2) is very important in the response to oxidative stress in tissues and cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on the spatial learning and memory of rats and to determine whether the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway acts in the hippocampus. Four groups of Wistar rats were exposed to 0 mM, 9 mM, 18 mM or 36 mM LaCl3 through their drinking water from the day of birth to 2 months after weaning. The results showed that LaCl3 impaired the spatial learning and memory of the rats, damaged the neuronal ultrastructure, increased reactive oxygen species levels and significantly down‐regulated Nrf2 as well as the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2‐regulated genes, including NADP(H): dehydrogenase quinone 1, haeme oxygenase‐1, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione‐S‐transferase, γ‐glutamine cysteine synthase and glutathione reductase, in the hippocampus. This study suggests that LaCl3 can impair the spatial learning and memory of rats, possibly by perturbing the Nrf2/antioxidant response element signalling pathway.
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Quantum dots labelling allows detection of the homing of mesenchymal stem cells administered as immunomodulatory therapy in an experimental model of pancreatic islets transplantation
Authors: Mannucci Silvia , Calderan Laura , Quaranta Paola , Antonini Sara , Mosca Franco , Longoni Biancamaria , Marzola Pasquina , Boschi Federico 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCell transplantation is considered a promising therapeutic approach in several pathologies but still needs innovative and non‐invasive imaging technologies to be validated. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attracts major interest in clinical transplantation thanks to their regenerative properties, low immunogenicity and ability to regulate immune responses. In several animal models, MSCs are used in co‐transplantation with pancreatic islets (PIs) for the treatment of type I diabetes, supporting graft survival and prolonging normal glycaemia levels. In this study we investigated the homing of systemically administered MSCs in a rat model of pancreatic portal vein transplantation. MSCs labelled with quantum dots (Qdots) were systemically injected by tail vein and monitored by optical fluorescence imaging. The fluorescence signal of the liver in animals co‐transplanted with MSCs and PIs was significantly higher than in control animals in which MSCs alone were transplanted. By using magnetic labelling of PIs, the homing of PIs into liver was independently confirmed. These results demonstrate that MSCs injected in peripheral blood vessels preferentially accumulate into liver when PIs are transplanted in the same organ. Moreover, we prove that bimodal MRI‐fluorescence imaging allows specific monitoring of the fate of two types of cells.
Saskatchewan's school‐based dental program staffed by dental therapists: a retrospective case study
Authors: Mathu‐Muju Kavita R. , Friedman Jay W. , Nash David A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe poor oral health of Saskatchewan's children, in concert with a significant shortage of dentists, prompted the province in the early 1970s to seek an alternative method of addressing the oral health care needs of children. The result was the Saskatchewan Health Dental Plan (SHDP), which trained and employed dental therapists in school‐based clinics to provide basic dental care to all children. The program was initiated over the opposition of Saskatchewan's dentists. The purpose of this research was to provide information and data previously not documented in the refereed dental literature regarding the only school‐based program staffed by dental therapists to ever exist in North America.MethodsThis case study reviews the program's planning, opposition, implementation, and achievements based on a comprehensive review of published articles as well as a search of the grey literature. Additionally, Saskatchewan Health provided annual reports for each year of the program's existence.ResultsDuring its thirteen years of existence, the school‐based program proved popular with parents and achieved significant success in providing necessary dental care for children. It was terminated in 1987 by the newly elected provincial Conservative government, which was not supportive of such social programs.ConclusionsThe SHDP serves as a successful model of school‐based dental care for children. However, the termination of the plan demonstrates the vulnerability of publicly funded dental health programs to conflicting political ideologies and special interest groups.
Temporal genetic stability in natural populations of the waterflea Daphnia magna in response to strong selection pressure
Authors: Orsini Luisa , Marshall Hollie , Cuenca Cambronero Maria , Chaturvedi Anurag , Thomas Kelley W. , Pfrender Michael E. , Spanier Katina I. , De Meester Luc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStudies monitoring changes in genetic diversity and composition through time allow a unique understanding of evolutionary dynamics and persistence of natural populations. However, such studies are often limited to species with short generation times that can be propagated in the laboratory or few exceptional cases in the wild. Species that produce dormant stages provide powerful models for the reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics in the natural environment. A remaining open question is to what extent dormant egg banks are an unbiased representation of populations and hence of the species’ evolutionary potential, especially in the presence of strong environmental selection. We address this key question using the water flea Daphnia magna, which produces dormant stages that accumulate in biological archives over time. We assess temporal genetic stability in three biological archives, previously used in resurrection ecology studies showing adaptive evolutionary responses to rapid environmental change. We show that neutral genetic diversity does not decline with the age of the population and it is maintained in the presence of strong selection. In addition, by comparing temporal genetic stability in hatched and unhatched populations from the same biological archive, we show that dormant egg banks can be consulted to obtain a reliable measure of genetic diversity over time, at least in the multidecadal time frame studied here. The stability of neutral genetic diversity through time is likely mediated by the buffering effect of the resting egg bank.
The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome: Symptom development over a 3‐year period in Denmark. A prospective, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Krogsgaard L. R. , Engsbro A. L. , Jones M. P. , Bytzer P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore the natural history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Denmark over 3 years by studying development of IBS symptoms and associated factors.MethodsA cohort study was carried out using a web panel representative of the Danish general population 18‐50 years. The survey, including a questionnaire based on the Rome III criteria for IBS, was conducted in January 2010, January 2011, and March 2013.Key ResultsThe prevalence of IBS was 15.4% (920/5986). The incidence was 10.3%, and was three times higher for persons with unspecific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms compared to asymptomatic persons. Of respondents with IBS symptoms in both 2010 and 2011, 69% (131/191) also reported symptoms of IBS in 2013, which was significantly more compared to respondents with IBS symptoms in 2010 reporting to be asymptomatic or having unspecific GI symptoms in 2011 (20% and 39%, respectively, P<.001). Being diagnosed with IBS predicted fulfilling the criteria for IBS 3 years later (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.11‐6.10). Fulfilling criteria for IBS after 1 year also led to a high risk of IBS symptoms 3 years later in asymptomatic persons and persons with unspecific symptoms at baseline.Conclusions & InferencesThe vast majority of persons fulfilling criteria for IBS report GI symptoms after one and 3 years. Fulfilling IBS criteria after 1 year led to a high risk of reporting IBS symptoms after 3 years. In the general population having an IBS diagnosis predicts persistently fulfilling the Rome III criteria for IBS 3 years later.
Asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood: what's new
Authors: Mastrorilli Carla , Posa Daniela , Cipriani Francesca , Caffarelli Carlo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNovel approaches are currently offered for the diagnostic workup and therapeutic management of allergic rhinitis and asthma. New predictive biomarkers of allergy and asthma are available. Primary and secondary prevention, earlier intervention, and modification of the natural history of allergic rhinitis and asthma are being intensively investigated. This review highlights advances in the understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of atopic airway diseases in childhood, as well as prenatal and early‐life risk factors and strategies for prevention.
The heat‐shock protein/chaperone network and multiple stress resistance
Authors: Jacob Pierre , Hirt Heribert , Bendahmane Abdelhafid 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCrop yield has been greatly enhanced during the last century. However, most elite cultivars are adapted to temperate climates and are not well suited to more stressful conditions. In the context of climate change, stress resistance is a major concern. To overcome these difficulties, scientists may help breeders by providing genetic markers associated with stress resistance. However, multistress resistance cannot be obtained from the simple addition of single stress resistance traits. In the field, stresses are unpredictable and several may occur at once. Consequently, the use of single stress resistance traits is often inadequate. Although it has been historically linked with the heat stress response, the heat‐shock protein (HSP)/chaperone network is a major component of multiple stress responses. Among the HSP/chaperone ‘client proteins’, many are primary metabolism enzymes and signal transduction components with essential roles for the proper functioning of a cell. HSPs/chaperones are controlled by the action of diverse heat‐shock factors, which are recruited under stress conditions. In this review, we give an overview of the regulation of the HSP/chaperone network with a focus on Arabidopsis thaliana. We illustrate the role of HSPs/chaperones in regulating diverse signalling pathways and discuss several basic principles that should be considered for engineering multiple stress resistance in crops through the HSP/chaperone network.
Meeting report: processing, translation, decay – three ways to keep RNA sizzling
Authors: von Arnim Albrecht G. , Hellmann Hanjo A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis meeting report highlights key trends that emerged from a conference entitled Post‐Transcriptional Gene Regulation in Plants, which was held 14–15 July 2016, as a satellite meeting of the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Biologists in Austin, Texas. The molecular biology of RNA is emerging as an integral part of the framework for plants' responses to environmental challenges such as drought and heat, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, light and pathogens. Moreover, the conference illustrated how a multitude of customized and pioneering omics‐related technologies are being applied, more and more often in combination, to describe and dissect the complexities of gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level.
Peripheral cellular and humoral responses to infestation with the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Santa Gertrudis cattle
Authors: Piper E. K. , Jonsson N. N. , Gondro C. , Vance M. E. , Lew‐Tabor A. , Jackson L. A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryResistance to cattle tick infestation in single‐host ticks is primarily manifested against the larval stage and results in the immature tick failing to attach successfully and obtain a meal. This study was conducted to identify immune responses that characterize the tick‐resistant phenotype in cattle. Thirty‐five tick‐naïve Santa Gertrudis heifers were used in this study, thirty of which were artificially infested for thirteen weeks with tick larvae while five animals remained at a tick‐free quarantine property to serve as a control group. Following thirteen weeks of tick infestation, the animals in this trial exhibited highly divergent tick‐resistant phenotypes. Blood samples collected throughout the trial were used to measure peripheral immune parameters: haematology, the percentage of cellular subsets comprising the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population, tick‐specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibody titres, IgG1 avidity for tick antigens and the ability of PBMC to recognize and proliferate in response to stimulation with tick antigens in vitro. The tick‐susceptible cattle developed significantly higher tick‐specific IgG1 antibody titres compared to the tick‐resistant animals. These results suggest that the heightened antibody response either does not play a role in resistance or might contribute to increased susceptibility to infestation.
I can't wait! Neural reward signals in impulsive individuals exaggerate the difference between immediate and future rewards
Authors: Schmidt Barbara , Holroyd Clay B. , Debener Stefan , Hewig Johannes 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWaiting for rewards is difficult, and highly impulsive individuals with low self‐control have an especially hard time with it. Here, we investigated whether neural responses to rewards in a delayed gratification task predict impulsivity and self‐control. The EEG was recorded from participants engaged in a guessing game in which on each trial they could win either a large or small reward, paid either now or after 6 months. Ratings confirmed that participants preferred immediate, large rewards over small, delayed rewards. Electrophysiological reward signals reflecting the difference between immediate and future rewards predicted self‐report measures of impulsivity and self‐control. Further, these signals were highly reliable across two sessions over a 1‐week interval, showing high temporal stability like stable personality traits. These results suggest that greater valuation of immediate rewards causes impulsive individuals to redirect control away from delayed rewards, indicating why it is so hard for them to wait.
Swept Out: Measuring Rurality and Migration Intentions on the Upper Great Plains
Authors: Jacquet Jeffrey B. , Guthrie Eric , Jackson Hayven 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRural America has long been conceptualized as a place of out‐migration, a process that is the subject of many popular sociological works and remains a dominating narrative that describes rural life in the United States today. Population trends demonstrate this migration pattern for nearly the past century; however, emerging data paint a complex picture of migration behavior and intentions in rural areas. In this article, we utilize several measures of rurality to analyze the results of a 2012 mail survey (n = 2487) that describe the migration intentions of both rural and urban South Dakotans. Our findings show that urban residents are more likely to have intentions to migrate than rural residents, and that drivers of migration intentions appear similar in both urban and rural contexts. The survey also sheds light on the influence of community attachment, community satisfaction, quality of life, and other community strengths and weaknesses that rural and urban residents perceive in their communities. Supporting recent research on rural migration intentions, these results do not suggest high rates of out‐migration in rural areas. We discuss rural America's recent identity as a place of out‐migration, share our survey results, and discuss implications for future rural migration research.