bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Joint Estimation of Gaussian Graphical Models for Spatial and Temporal Data
Authors: Lin Zhixiang , Wang Tao , Yang Can , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: January 2017

Summary
In this article, we first propose a Bayesian neighborhood selection method to estimate Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs). We show the graph selection consistency of this method in the sense that the posterior probability of the true model converges to one. When there are multiple groups of data available, instead of estimating the networks independently for each group, joint estimation of the networks may utilize the shared information among groups and lead to improved estimation for each individual network. Our method is extended to jointly estimate GGMs in multiple groups of data with complex structures, including spatial data, temporal data, and data with both spatial and temporal structures. Markov random field (MRF) models are used to efficiently incorporate the complex data structures. We develop and implement an efficient algorithm for statistical inference that enables parallel computing. Simulation studies suggest that our approach achieves better accuracy in network estimation compared with methods not incorporating spatial and temporal dependencies when there are shared structures among the networks, and that it performs comparably well otherwise. Finally, we illustrate our method using the human brain gene expression microarray dataset, where the expression levels of genes are measured in different brain regions across multiple time periods.
Estimation and Testing Problems in Auditory Neuroscience via Clustering
Authors: Hwang Youngdeok , Wright Samantha , Hanlon Bret M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe processing of auditory information in neurons is an important area in neuroscience. We consider statistical analysis for an electrophysiological experiment related to this area. The recorded synaptic current responses from the experiment are observed as clusters, where the number of clusters is related to an important characteristic of the auditory system. This number is difficult to estimate visually because the clusters are blurred by biological variability. Using singular value decomposition and a Gaussian mixture model, we develop an estimator for the number of clusters. Additionally, we provide a method for hypothesis testing and sample size determination in the two-sample problem. We illustrate our approach with both simulated and experimental data.
Morroniside, a secoiridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis, attenuates neuropathic pain by activation of spinal glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors
Authors: Xu Meng , Wu Hai‐Yun , Liu Hao , Gong Nian , Wang Yi‐Rui , Wang Yong‐Xiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and PurposeIridoid glycosides containing the double bond scaffold of cyclopentapyran are reversible and orthosteric agonists of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptors and exert anti‐nociceptive and neuroprotective actions. Morroniside, derived from the medicinal herb Cornus officinalis, is an atypical secoiridoid containing a six‐membered cyclic inner ether fragment. Here we investigated whether morroniside was an orthosteric GLP‐1 receptor agonist and had anti‐hypersensitivity activities in a model of neuropathic pain.Experimental ApproachWe used a model of neuropathic pain, induced by tight ligation of L5/L6 spinal nerves in rats. Hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative damage was also assayed in N9 microglial cells and human HEK293 cells stably expressing GLP‐1 receptors.Key ResultsMorroniside protected against hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative damage in N9 microglial and HEK293 cells that expressed mouse or human GLP‐1 receptors, but not in HEK293T cells without GLP‐1 receptors. The GLP‐1 receptor orthosteric antagonist exendin(9‐39) also concentration‐dependently shifted the concentration‐protective response curves of morroniside and exenatide to the right without affecting maximal protection, with similar pA2 values. Furthermore, morroniside given by oral gavage or intrathecally in neuropathic rats dose‐dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia, with comparable Emax values and ED50s of 335 mg·kg−1 and 7.1 μg and completely blocked thermal hyperalgesia. Daily intrathecal injections of morroniside over 7 days did not induce anti‐allodynic tolerance. Pretreatment with intrathecal exendin(9‐39) completely blocked systemic and intrathecal morroniside‐induced mechanical anti‐allodynia.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur data demonstrated that morroniside was an orthosteric agonist of GLP‐1 receptors and produced antihypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain model by activation of spinal GLP‐1 receptors.
Comparing effects of insulin analogues and human insulin on nocturnal glycaemia in hypoglycaemia‐prone people with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kristensen P. L. , Tarnow L. , Bay C. , Nørgaard K. , Jensen T. , Parving H.‐H. , Perrild H. , Beck‐Nielsen H. , Christiansen J. S. , Thorsteinsson B. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard U. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsTo assess the difference between analogue and human insulin with regard to nocturnal glucose profiles and risk of hypoglycaemia in people with recurrent severe hypoglycaemia.MethodsA total of 72 people [46 men, mean ± sd age 54 ± 12 years, mean ± sd HbA1c 65 ± 12 mmol/mol (8.1 ± 1.1%), mean ± sd duration of diabetes 30 ± 14 years], who participated in a 2‐year randomized, crossover trial of basal‐bolus therapy with insulin detemir/insulin aspart or human NPH insulin/human regular insulin (the HypoAna trial) were studied for 2 nights during each treatment. Venous blood was drawn hourly during sleep. Primary endpoints were nocturnal glucose profiles and occurrence of hypoglycaemia (blood glucose ≤ 3.9 mmol/l).ResultsDuring insulin analogue treatment, the mean nocturnal plasma glucose level was significantly higher than during treatment with human insulin (10.6 vs 8.1 mmol/l). The fasting plasma glucose level was similar between the treatments. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia was registered during 41/101 nights (41%) in the human insulin arm and 19/117 nights (16%) in the insulin analogue arm, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 0.26 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.45; P < 0.0001) with insulin analogue.ConclusionsTreatment with insulin analogue reduces the occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia assessed by nocturnal glucose profiles in people with Type 1 diabetes prone to severe hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal glucose profiles provide a more comprehensive assessment of clinical benefit of insulin regimens as compared to conventional recording of hypoglycaemia.
Contemporary migration patterns in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review
Authors: Morais Samantha , Costa Ana Rute , Ferro Ana , Lunet Nuno , Peleteiro Bárbara 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundA rapid growth in the number of international migrants over the past years has occurred with most traveling to more affluent settings. As Helicobacter pylori infects over half of the adult population and its prevalence is higher in developing countries, understanding the prevalence of infection in migrants can provide insight into future trends in the burden and management of infection. We aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori among migrants through a systematic literature review.MethodsWe searched PubMed® from inception to September 2015 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of H. pylori in international migrants according to country of birth for first‐generation, and country of birth and parents' nationality for successive generations. Comparable data from origin and destination populations were obtained from the same studies or, when not present, from a previous systematic review on H. pylori worldwide.ResultsA total of 28 eligible studies were identified with data for 29 origin and 12 destination countries. Two studies that evaluated refugees presented prevalences of infection higher than both the origin and destination countries. Otherwise, the prevalences among migrants were generally similar or below that of the origin and higher than the destination. Second‐ or more generation had lower prevalences compared to first‐generation migrants.ConclusionsOur study findings are consistent with what would be expected based on the prevalence of H. pylori worldwide. The results of this review show that migrants are particularly at risk of infection and help to identify gaps in the knowledge of migrants' prevalence of infection globally.
Comparative migration strategies of wild and captive‐bred Asian Houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii
Authors: Burnside Robert J. , Collar Nigel J. , Dolman Paul M. 
Published: January 2017

For migratory species, the success of population reintroduction or reinforcement through captive‐bred released individuals depends on survivors undertaking appropriate migrations. We assess whether captive‐bred Asian Houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii from a breeding programme established with locally sourced individuals and released into suitable habitat during spring or summer undertake similar migrations to those of wild birds. Using satellite telemetry, we compare the migrations of 29 captive‐bred juveniles, 10 wild juveniles and 39 wild adults (including three birds first tracked as juveniles), examining migratory propensity (proportion migrating), timing, direction, stopover duration and frequency, efficiency (route deviation), and wintering and breeding season locations. Captive‐bred birds initiated autumn migration an average of 20.6 (±4.6 se) days later and wintered 470.8 km (±76.4) closer to the breeding grounds, mainly in Turkmenistan, northern Iran and Afghanistan, than wild birds, which migrated 1217.8 km (±76.4), predominantly wintering in southern Iran and Pakistan (juveniles and adults were similar). Wintering locations of four surviving captive‐bred birds were similar in subsequent years (median distance to first wintering site = 70.8 km, range 6.56–221.6 km), suggesting that individual captive‐bred birds (but not necessarily their progeny) remain faithful to their first wintering latitude. The migratory performance of captive‐bred birds was otherwise similar to that of wild juveniles. Although the long‐term fitness consequences for captive‐bred birds establishing wintering sites at the northern edge of those occupied by wild birds remain to be quantified, it is clear that the pattern of wild migrations established by long‐term selection is not replicated. If the shorter migration distance of young captive‐bred birds has a physiological rather than a genetic basis, then their progeny may still exhibit wild‐type migration. However, as there is a considerable genetic component to migration, captive breeding management must respect migratory population structure as well as natal and release‐site fidelity.
Sintering behavior and biocompatibility of a low temperature co‐fired ceramic for microfluidic biosensors
Authors: Luo Jin , Eitel Richard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) has been formulated and evaluated for in‐vitro microfluidic sensors and cell culture applications. Using a 75/25 vol% glass to alumina ratio, high density was achieved for sintering temperatures <900°C. No toxicity was observed in the leachate medium obtained by soaking LTCC in cell medium for 5 days. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) also attached on the fibronectin‐coated LTCC after 14 hours and proliferated after 74 hours. On the basis of these results, the current LTCC formulation is a viable candidate for the continued development of LTCC‐based microfluidic biosensors.
Inhibitory effect of camel milk on Cronobacter sakazakii
Authors: Abusheliabi Aisha , Al‐Rumaithi Hind O. , Olaimat Amin N. , Al‐Nabulsi Anas A. , Osaili Tareq , Shaker Reyad , Ayyash Mutamed M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of Cronobacter sakazakii in raw and pasteurized camel milk compared with bovine milk at different incubation temperatures. Pasteurized and raw camel milk was inoculated with a cocktail of two strains of C. sakazakii and incubated at 10°C, 25°C, and 37°C to be sampled at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hr. Pasteurized bovine milk was treated similarly and used as a control. Raw and pasteurized camel milk showed more inhibitory effect against C. sakazakii at 25°C than 37°C while there was no effect at 10°C. The inhibition ranged from 0.40 to 1.42 CFU/ml and 0.61 to 1.6 CFU/ml at 25°C, and from 0.40 to 0.92 CFU/ml and 0.40 to 0.80 CFU/ml at 37°C in pasteurized and raw camel milk after 24 hr, respectively, compared with bovine milk. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of pasteurized camel milk against C. sakazakii was more than raw camel milk after 24 hr at the different incubation temperatures which may approve that the natural antimicrobial proteins in camel milk were resistant to pasteurization temperature.Practical applicationDue to the association of Cronobacter sakazakii with powdered infant formula (PIF), controlling methods, therefore, are highly demanded by PIF manufacturers. The inhibitory activities of camel milk against C. sakazakii and nutritional value make camel milk an outstanding candidate to substitute bovine milk as a base of PIF.
Plant phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C at the center of plant innate immunity
Authors: Abd‐El‐Haliem Ahmed M. , Joosten Matthieu H.A.J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding plant resistance to pathogenic microbes requires detailed information on the molecular mechanisms controlling the execution of plant innate immune responses. A growing body of evidence places phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) enzymes immediately downstream of activated immune receptors, well upstream of the initiation of early defense responses. An increase of the cytoplasmic levels of free Ca2+, lowering of the intercellular pH and the oxidative burst are a few examples of such responses and these are regulated by PI‐PLCs. Consequently, PI‐PLC activation represents an early primary signaling switch between elicitation and response involving the controlled hydrolysis of essential signaling phospholipids, thereby simultaneously generating lipid and non‐lipid second messenger molecules required for a swift cellular defense response. Here, we elaborate on the signals generated by PI‐PLCs and their respective downstream effects, while providing an inventory of different types of evidence describing the involvement of PI‐PLCs in various aspects of plant immunity. We project the discussed information into a model describing the cellular events occurring after the activation of plant immune receptors. With this review we aim to provide new insights supporting future research on plant PI‐PLCs and the development of plants with improved resistance.
Labor Intervention and Outcomes in Women Who Are Nulliparous and Obese: Comparison of Nurse‐Midwife to Obstetrician Intrapartum Care
Authors: Carlson Nicole S. , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Lowe Nancy K. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundWomen who are obese have slower labors than women of normal weight, and show reduced response to interventions designed to speed labor progress like oxytocin augmentation and artificial rupture of membranes. The optimal labor management for these women has not been described.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compared 2 propensity score‐matched groups of women (N = 360) who were healthy, nulliparous, spontaneously laboring, and obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). Labors were managed by either a certified nurse‐midwife (CNM) or an obstetrician at one hospital from 2005 through 2012. Comparisons were made on a range of labor processes and outcomes.ResultsWomen who were obese and cared for in labor by CNMs were 87.0% less likely to have operative vaginal birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06‐0.41) and 76.3% less likely to have third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal lacerations (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13‐0.79) compared to a matched group of women who were obese and had similarly sized neonates but who were cared for by obstetricians. The rates of unplanned cesarean birth, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal intrapartum fever, and neonatal intensive care unit admission were similar between groups. CNM patients were significantly less likely than patients of obstetricians to have labor anesthesia, synthetic oxytocin augmentation, or intrauterine pressure catheters. By contrast, CNM patients were significantly more likely than patients of obstetricians to use physiologic labor interventions, including intermittent fetal monitoring, ambulation, and hydrotherapy.DiscussionIn women with spontaneous labor onset who were healthy, obese, and nulliparous, watchful waiting and use of physiologic labor interventions, characterizing CNM intrapartum care, were associated with outcomes that were similar to, or better than, those of women who were obese and exposed to more high‐technology interventions characterizing intrapartum care by obstetricians. In women who were obese, physiologic labor interventions were safe for both mothers and neonates.
Cultural Sensitivity Among Clinical Nurses: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Yilmaz Medine , Toksoy Serap , Direk Zübeyde Denizci , Bezirgan Selma , Boylu Münevver 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural sensitivity of nurses working in rural and urban hospitals in Turkey.Design and MethodsThe sampling of this descriptive and correlational study was composed of only 516 clinical nurses working in inpatient clinics. The data collection tools were the Socio‐Demographic Questionnaire and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale.FindingsA majority of the participating nurses experienced culture‐related problems. Intercultural Sensitivity Scale results were partially high. The nurses had more problems in areas related to language barriers, patients’ education level, and health perception about disease and religious beliefs when providing health care. Participants who were female, had an undergraduate or graduate education, had received in‐service education on cultural care, or had taken transcultural nursing coursework obtained higher scores on the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale and its Interaction Engagement subscale. The cultural sensitivity level was 84.01 ± 9.1 (range = 43–107). The proportion of nurses who had received no in‐service education was very high. They wanted to participate in an education program to gain better understanding of the culture of the society in which they lived.ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrated that nurses should be prepared in cultural sensitivity and cultural competence.Clinical RelevanceContinuing education and formal courses on cultural sensitivity for nursing professionals are essential for optimal health outcomes. Thus, inequalities in health could be prevented and the quality of health care could be improved.
Lessons Learned From a Practice‐Based, Multisite Intervention Study With Nurse Participants
Authors: Friese Christopher R. , Mendelsohn‐Victor Kari , Ginex Pamela , McMahon Carol M. , Fauer Alex J. , McCullagh Marjorie C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeTo identify challenges and solutions to the efficient conduct of a multisite, practice‐based randomized controlled trial to improve nurses’ adherence to personal protective equipment use in ambulatory oncology settings.DesignThe Drug Exposure Feedback and Education for Nurses’ Safety (DEFENS) study is a clustered, randomized, controlled trial. Participating sites are randomized to Web‐based feedback on hazardous drug exposures in the sites plus tailored messages to address barriers versus a control intervention of a Web‐based continuing education video.ApproachThe study principal investigator, the study coordinator, and two site leaders identified challenges to study implementation and potential solutions, plus potential methods to prevent logistical challenges in future studies.FindingsNoteworthy challenges included variation in human subjects’ protection policies, grants and contracts budgeting, infrastructure for nursing‐led research, and information technology variation. Successful strategies included scheduled Web conferences, site‐based study champions, site visits by the principal investigator, and centrally based document preparation. Strategies to improve efficiency in future studies include early and continued engagement with contract personnel in sites, and proposed changes to the common rule concerning human subjects. The DEFENS study successfully recruited 393 nurses across 12 sites. To date, 369 have completed surveys and 174 nurses have viewed educational materials.ConclusionsMultisite studies of nursing personnel are rare and challenging to the existing infrastructure. These barriers can be overcome with strong engagement and planning.Clinical RelevanceLeadership engagement, onsite staff support, and continuous communication can facilitate successful recruitment to a workplace‐based randomized, controlled behavioral trial.
Perilesional Hyperintensity on T1‐Weighted Images in Intra‐Axial Brain Masses other than Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Nabavizadeh S. Ali , Pechersky Dasha , Schmitt J. Eric , Nasrallah MacLean , Wolf Ronald , Loevner Laurie , Mamourian Alexander C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEHyperintensity on T1‐weighted imaging in perilesional vasogenic edema has been reported as a useful sign for differentiating cavernous malformation from other hemorrhagic intra‐axial masses. In this study, we investigated the frequency of perilesional hyperintensity on T1‐weighted imaging in patients with intra‐axial hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic brain masses.METHODSThe study was performed with the approval of the institutional review board. Magnetic resonance images of 218 patients with 282 intra‐axial brain masses (129 metastases, 46 gliomas, 18 primary central nervous system lymphomas [PCNSLs], 25 intracerebral hemorrhages, 50 cavernous malformations, and 14 patients with brain abscesses) were evaluated. The signal intensity in perilesional area was qualitatively evaluated on T1‐weighted sequences. In addition, signal intensity in perilesional area was quantitatively measured on T1‐weighted sequences and normalized to the contralateral white matter.RESULTSHyperintensity on T1‐weighted imaging in perilesional vasogenic edema was found in 12 (9%) of 129 metastases, 8 (16%) of 50 cavernous malformations, 1 (4%) in 25 nonneoplastic intracerebral hemorrhages, and none of the patients with high‐grade glioma, PCNSL, or abscess. All of the lesions with perilesional hyperintensity showed either acute or subacute hemorrhage. Pairwise comparison of qualitative hyperintensity on T1‐weighted imaging demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. Perilesional hyperintensity on T1‐weighted imaging showed high specificity in both metastasis and cavernous malformation groups (94%).CONCLUSIONPerilesional hyperintensity on T1‐weighted imaging is not limited to cavernous malformations and frequently evident with melanoma and other hemorrhagic metastasis to the brain. In our experience, it was not seen in high‐grade glioma, PCNSL, and brain abscess.