bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental modeling of pentlandite-bornite ore formation
Authors: Kosyakov V.I. , Sinyakova E.F. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
For experimental modeling of the formation of pentlandite–bornite ore during fractional solidification of sulfide magma, we performed directional quasi-equilibrium crystallization of a melt containing (mol%) 17.19 Cu, 19.05 Fe, 19.66 Ni, and 44.10 S, from which pentlandite and bornite can cocrystallize. Based on the results of measurement of the average composition of the solid phase, the distribution curves of the components in the ingot were constructed and the change in the melt composition during directional solidification was calculated. The obtained data show that the crystallized sample consists of six zones, each of which has characteristic phase and chemical compositions. In the Cu–Fe–Ni–S composition tetrahedron, the melt composition path is a broken spatial curve, each segment of which corresponds to a point showing the average composition of one of the zones. These points form a disordered set, indicating a complex fractionation process. Investigations of characteristic microstructures along the ingot, using data on its average chemical composition, made it possible to determine the probable set of primary phases crystallizing from the melt (bornite solid solution bnss, three types of pentlandite with different cation compositions: cfpn, npn, and cnpn, and quaternary solid solution tss) and to establish the sequence of separation of these phases and their associations from the melt in six zones: cfpn (zone I) / cfpn + bnss (zone II) / cfpn + bnss + npn (zone III) / tss + bnss (zone IV) / cnpn + bnss (zone V) / npn + bnss (zone VI). A scheme of phase reactions along the crystallization path has been compiled and it has been shown that high-temperature pentlandite forms have a significant effect on the fractionation process. These results are consistent with previous data on the fractional crystallization of multicomponent sulfide melts and the theoretical features of this process. In previous studies, samples with a small number of zones were obtained. In this study we first obtained a sample containing six zones. The zoning observed in the sample belongs to the complex second type of low-sulfur zoning of orebodies. The same data confirm the possibility of different types of zoning within the major two types of zoning of copper-nickel orebodies.
Subsurface geoelectric array with two transmitters for petroleum exploration in offshore areas
Authors: Marinenko A.V. , Epov M.I. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
At present, sounding methods based on the effect of electromagnetic pulses on the environment are widely used for marine exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. The exploration is performed using research systems with special equipment fixed in the water column. The goal of this work is to develop equipment and methods for marine electrical prospecting that would allow reliable predictions of petroleum fields in the underlying environment with reduced labor intensity of the necessary surveys. For this purpose, a subsurface array for marine electrical prospecting during vessel movement is proposed. The effective frequencies, current strengths in cables, and the size and efficiency of the array are determined using both the theoretical knowledge of the operation of similar arrays in similar environments and numerical simulation of the developed array. The 3D finite element method is used for mathematical modeling.
Geochronology of the Chuktukon carbonatite massif, Chadobets uplift (Krasnoyarsk Territory)
Authors: Chebotarev D.A. , Doroshkevich A.G. , Sharygin V.V. , Yudin D.S. , Ponomarchuk A.V. , Sergeev S.A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present results of U–Pb (SHRIMP II) and Ar–Ar geochronological study of the rocks of the Chuktukon massif, which is part of the Chadobets alkaline-carbonatite complex, and of the weathering crust developed after them. Perovskite from picrites and monazite from the weathering crust were dated by the U–Pb (SHRIMP II) method, and rippite from carbonatites, by the Ar–Ar method. Rippite has first been used as a geochronometer. The estimated ages (252 ± 12 and 231 ± 2.7 Ma) testify to two magmatism pulses close in time (within the estimation error) to the stages of alkaline magmatism in the Siberian Platform (250–245 and 238–234 Ma). These pulses characterize, most likely, the processes accompanying and completing the activity of the mantle superplume that formed the Siberian Igneous Province at 250–248 Ma. The monazite-estimated age (102.6 ± 2.9 Ma) reflects the time of formation of the ore-bearing weathering crust on the massif rocks.
Clastic metasediments of the Khamar-Daban Group (Central Asian Orogenic Belt): chemical composition and isotope systematics
Authors: Shkol’nik S.I. , Makrygina V.A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
New data have been obtained on major- and trace-element compositions and Sm–Nd isotope systematics of clastic metasediments that belong to the Kornilova and Shubutui Formations in the Khamar-Daban terrane. The Kornilova Formation flysch derived from felsic mature crust, while the Shubutui Formation, with 4.5–7.5 wt.% MgO and higher Cr and Ni contents, had a mafic–ultramafic protolith of an island-arc setting. Isotope data indicate significant inputs of Precambrian crustal material (εNd(T) = –10 to –6.2) to the protolith of the Kornilova rocks and of high amounts of synsedimentary juvenile material to the protolith of the Shubutui Formation (εNd(T) = –2.9 to –1.5). Different model ages (1.7–2.0 and 1.3–1.4 Ga, respectively), compositions, and provenances of the Kornilova and Shubutui rocks, as well as a prolonged deposition gap (&gt;100 Myr), evidence that the two formations were deposited in different basins and tectonic settings. The rock compositions and Nd isotope signatures suggest an island arc setting for the Shubutui deposition in the Dzhida terrane and a continental-margin setting for the deposition of the Kornilova Formation, which is the uppermost straton of the Khamar-Daban terrane.
Unpredictable pain timings lead to greater pain when people are highly intolerant of uncertainty
Authors: Bélanger Clémence , Morin Bernard Blais , Brousseau Andréanne , Gagné Nicolas , Tremblay Anne , Daigle Kathya , Goffaux Philippe , Léonard Guillaume 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background and purpose
Many psychological factors are known to influence pain perception. Among them, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may play a key modulating role in situations where uncertainty prevails, especially uncertainty regarding the timing of painful events. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of individual differences in IUon pain perception during predictable and unpredictable stimulation timings. We hypothesized that people with high IU, as opposed to those with low IU, would perceive more pain when the timing of painful stimulations cannot be predicted, as compared to when they can.

Methods
Twenty (20) healthy adults, aged between 18 and 35 years old, were recruited. Painful sensations were provoked using transcutaneous electrical stimulations of the right sural nerve. By measuring IU (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale) and subjective pain (verbal numerical rating scale), it was possible to test the relationship between IU and pain perception, by simulating predictable and unpredictable painful experiences. This was done through cued shock interval (CSI) blocks, with either variable timing or fixed timings (long or short time frame). Self-administered questionnaires were also used to measure pain hypervigilance, pain catastrophizing, state anxiety, and trait anxiety.

Results
Pearson correlations confirmed the presence of an association (r = 0.63) between IU and the change in pain intensity provoked by unpredictable stimulation timings. Importantly, this association was significant only for stimulations provided at long CSIs, indicating that higher IU scores predicted higher pain intensity scores when stimulation timings became unpredictable, and when the cued delay was long. No association was found between pain scores and other psychological variables.

Conclusions
Our results show that IU moderately correlates to the change in pain intensity provoked by unpredictable stimulation timings. High IU scores were associated with a worsening of the subjective pain experience, especially during long delays in an unpredictable situation. These observations suggest that IU could be considered as a psychological variable that is able to influence pain perception in certain situations.

Implications
Assessing and addressing IU could be an added value in pain-related therapy, especially in chronic pain.
Understanding a Changing West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Hendry Kate , Henley Sian , Schofield Oscar 
Published: October 2017

The 1st Workshop of the SOOS WAP Working Group; Cambridge, United Kingdom, 15–16 May 2017 In Icy Waters: The Future of Marine Biogeochemical Research off the West Antarctic Peninsula; Chicheley, United Kingdom, 17–18 May 2017
The β20–β21 of gp120 is a regulatory switch for HIV-1 Env conformational transitions
Authors: Herschhorn Alon , Gu Christopher , Moraca Francesca , Ma Xiaochu , Farrell Mark , Smith Amos B. , Pancera Marie , Kwong Peter D. , Schön Arne , Freire Ernesto , Abrams Cameron , Blanchard Scott C. , Mothes Walther , Sodroski Joseph G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe entry of HIV-1 into target cells is mediated by the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env). Binding to the CD4 receptor triggers a cascade of conformational changes in distant domains that move Env from a functionally “closed” State 1 to more “open” conformations, but the molecular mechanisms underlying allosteric regulation of these transitions are still elusive. Here, we develop chemical probes that block CD4-induced conformational changes in Env and use them to identify a potential control switch for Env structural rearrangements. We identify the gp120 β20–β21 element as a major regulator of Env transitions. Several amino acid changes in the β20–β21 base lead to open Env conformations, recapitulating the structural changes induced by CD4 binding. These HIV-1 mutants require less CD4 to infect cells and are relatively resistant to State 1-preferring broadly neutralizing antibodies. These data provide insights into the molecular mechanism and vulnerability of HIV-1 entry.
Tunable active three‐way circulator using tunable transistor feedback network
Authors: Mung S.W.Y. , Chan W.S. 
Published: October 2017

An active three‐way circulator is proposed to have the tunable property by the tunable transistor feedback network (TTFN). This tunable design shows its tunable frequency range from 1.15 to 1.85 GHz (bandwidth of 47%) with the isolation >20 dB, the insertion losses of around 3.5 dB and return losses better than 10 dB at each port at the tuned frequency. This tunable property is controlled by the varactor diodes added at the input and output of the FET in TTFNs.
Fabrication of a superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) hollow fibre membrane by spray deposition
Authors: Jin Pengrui , Huang Chuan , Li Yifu , Li Jiaxiang , Wang Liao 
Published: October 2017

In this work, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fibre membrane for liquid–gas membrane contactor was coated with a superhydrophobic layer comprising a combination of hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles and polydimethylsiloxane. A rough layer of SiO2 deposited on the PVDF membrane resulted in an enhanced surface hydrophobicity. The surface structure of the pristine PVDF significantly affected the homogeneity of the generated SiO2 layer. A uniform surface coating on the PVDF upper layer resulted from the presence of micrometre and nanometre sized roughnesses on the surface of the PVDF membrane, which was achieved with a SiO2 concentration of 4.44 mg ml−1 (0.2 g/45 ml) in the coating solution. As a result, the water contact angle of the modified surface was recorded as 155 ± 3°, which is higher than that of the pristine surface.
Human rights without human supremacism
Authors: Kymlicka Will 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEarly defenders of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights invoked species hierarchy: human beings are owed rights because of our discontinuity with and superiority to animals. Subsequent defenders avoided species supremacism, appealing instead to conditions of embodied subjectivity and corporeal vulnerability we share with animals. In the past decade, however, supremacism has returned in work of the new ‘dignitarians’ who argue that human rights are grounded in dignity, and that human dignity requires according humans a higher status than animals. Against the dignitarians, I argue that defending human rights on the backs of animals is philosophically suspect and politically self-defeating.
Impact of inserted long rest periods during repeated sprint exercise on performance adaptation
Authors: Ikutomo Akiho , Kasai Nobukazu , Goto Kazushige 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRepeated sprint training consists of a series of brief maximal sprints, 3–7 s in duration, separated by short rest periods of <60 s. However, little is known about the influence of different rest period lengths between sprints on performance adaptation. We determined the influence of inserting long rest periods during repeated sprint training on performance adaptation in competitive athletes. Twenty‐one well‐trained athletes were separated into either the short rest period group (SHORT; n = 10) or the long rest period group (LONG; n = 11). The training protocol for both groups consisted of two sets of 12 × 6‐s maximal cycle sprints with 24 s of rest between sprints. However, in the LONG group, an active rest period of 7 min was inserted every three sprints to attenuate the power output decrement during the latter half of the sprints. The training was performed 3 d/week for 3 weeks. Before and after the training period, repeated sprint ability [12 × 6‐s maximal sprint (pedaling) with 24‐s rest] was evaluated. Maximal power output during the repeated sprint test was significantly increased only in the LONG group (P < .05). Both groups showed a similar increase in power output during the latter half of sprints (P < .05). The LONG group showed a significant increase in (P < .05). These results suggest that repeated sprint training with insertion of longer rest periods is an efficient strategy for improving maximal power output compared with the same training separated by short rest periods alone.
Development of a research-oriented system for collecting mechanical ventilator waveform data
Authors: Rehm Gregory B , Kuhn Brooks T , Delplanque Jean-Pierre , Guo Edward C , Lieng Monica K , Nguyen Jimmy , Anderson Nicholas R , Adams Jason Y 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Lack of access to high-frequency, high-volume patient-derived data, such as mechanical ventilator waveform data, has limited the secondary use of these data for research, quality improvement, and decision support. Existing methods for collecting these data are obtrusive, require high levels of technical expertise, and are often cost-prohibitive, limiting their use and scalability for research applications. We describe here the development of an unobtrusive, open-source, scalable, and user-friendly architecture for collecting, transmitting, and storing mechanical ventilator waveform data that is generalizable to other patient care devices. The system implements a software framework that automates and enforces end-to-end data collection and transmission. A web-based data management application facilitates nontechnical end users’ abilities to manage data acquisition devices, mitigates data loss and misattribution, and automates data storage. Using this integrated system, we have been able to collect ventilator waveform data from &gt;450 patients as part of an ongoing clinical study.
Case report of the patient source of the Babesia microti R1 reference strain and implications for travelers
Authors: Stahl Philipp , Poinsignon Yves , Pouedras Pascal , Ciubotaru Vasilica , Berry Laurence , Emu Brinda , Krause Peter J , Ben Mamoun Choukri , Cornillot Emmanuel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn 2002, a previously healthy 69-year-old man travelled to France from the United States and presented to our hospital with a febrile illness that subsequently was determined to be babesiosis. The blood isolated from this patient served as a source for propagation of the Babesia microti R1 strain with subsequent sequencing and annotation of the parasite genome.MethodsUpon admission, we obtained a medical history, performed a physical examination, and examined his blood for the presence of a blood borne pathogen by microscopy, PCR and indirect immunofluorescence antibody testing. Once the diagnosis of babesiosis was made, we reviewed the literature to assess the distribution of B. microti-associated babesiosis cases in immunocompetent patients from outside the USA.ResultsThe patient recalled a tick bite during the previous month on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The diagnosis was confirmed by identification of Babesia-infected red blood cells on blood smears, amplification of B. microti DNA in blood by PCR and the presence of B. microti antibody in the serum. This strain was the first isolate of B. microti to be fully sequenced and its annotated genome serves as a reference for molecular and cell biology studies aimed at understanding B. microti pathophysiology and developing diagnostic tests and therapies. A review of babesiosis cases demonstrates a worldwide distribution of B. microti and identifies potential emerging endemic areas where travelers may be at risk of contracting B. microti infection.ConclusionThis case provides clinical information about the patient infected with the R1 isolate and a review of travel risk, diagnosis and treatment of babesiosis in endemic and non-endemic areas.
Connecting traces of galaxy evolution: the missing core mass–morphological fine structure relation
Authors: Bonfini P , Bitsakis T , Zezas A , Duc P-A , Iodice E , González-Martín O , Bruzual G , González Sanoja A J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Deep exposure imaging of early-type galaxies (ETGs) are revealing the second-order complexity of these objects, which have been long considered uniform, dispersion-supported spheroidals. ‘Fine structure’ features (e.g. ripples, plumes, tidal tails, rings) as well as depleted stellar cores (i.e. central light deficits) characterize a number of massive ETG galaxies, and can be interpreted as the result of galaxy–galaxy interactions. We discuss how the time-scale for the evolution of cores and fine structures are comparable, and hence it is expected that they develop in parallel after the major interaction event which shaped the ETG. Using archival data, we compare the ‘depleted stellar mass’ (i.e. the mass missing from the depleted stellar core) against the prominence of the fine structure features, and observe that they correlate inversely. This result confirms our expectation that, while the supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary (constituted by the SMBHs of the merger progenitors) excavates the core via three-body interactions, the gravitational potential of the newborn galaxy relaxes, and the fine structures fade below detection levels. We expect the inverse correlation to hold at least within the first Gyr from the merger which created the SMBH binary; after then, the fine structure evolves independently.
Evolutionary Rescue Over A Fitness Landscape
Authors: Anciaux Yoann , Chevin Luis-Miguel , Ronce Ophélie , Martin Guillaume 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTEvolutionary rescue describes a situation where adaptive evolution prevents the extinction of a population facing a stressing environment. Models of evolutionary rescue could in principle be used to predict the level of stress beyond which extinction becomes likely for species of conservation concern, or conversely the treatment levels most likely to limit the emergence of resistant pests or pathogens. Stress levels are known to affect both the rate of population decline (demographic effect) and the speed of adaptation (evolutionary effect), but the latter aspect has received less attention. Here, we address this issue using Fisher’s Geometric Model of adaptation. In this model, the fitness effects of mutations depend both on the genotype and the environment in which they arise. In particular, the model introduces a dependence between the level of stress, the proportion of rescue mutants, and their costs before the onset of stress. We obtain analytic results under a strong-selection-weak-mutation regime, which we compare to simulations. We show that the effect of the environment on evolutionary rescue can be summarized into a single composite parameter quantifying the effective stress level, which is amenable to empirical measurement. We describe a narrow characteristic stress window over which the rescue probability drops from very likely to very unlikely as the level of stress increases. This drop is sharper than in previous models, as a result of the decreasing proportion of stress-resistant mutations as stress increases. We discuss how to test these predictions with rescue experiments across gradients of stress.
Comparative transcriptome profiling of the human and mouse dorsal root ganglia: An RNA-seq-based resource for pain and sensory neuroscience research
Authors: Ray Pradipta , Torck Andrew , Quigley Lilyana , Wangzhou Andi , Neiman Matthew , Rao Chandranshu , Lam Tiffany , Kim Ji-Young , Hoon Kim Tae , Zhang Michael Q. , Dussor Gregory , Price Theodore J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMolecular neurobiological insight into human nervous tissues is needed to generate next generation therapeutics for neurological disorders like chronic pain. We obtained human Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) samples from organ donors and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to study the human DRG (hDRG) transcriptional landscape, systematically comparing it with publicly available data from a variety of human and orthologous mouse tissues, including mouse DRG (mDRG). We characterized the hDRG transcriptional profile in terms of tissue-restricted gene co-expression patterns and putative transcriptional regulators, and formulated an information-theoretic framework to quantify DRG enrichment. Our analyses reveal an hDRG-enriched protein-coding gene set (~140), some of which have not been described in the context of DRG or pain signaling. A majority of these show conserved enrichment in mDRG, and were mined for known drug - gene product interactions. Comparison of hDRG and tibial nerve transcriptomes suggest pervasive mRNA transport of sensory neuronal genes to axons in adult hDRG, with potential implications for mechanistic insight into chronic pain in patients. Relevant gene families and pathways were also analyzed, including transcription factors (TFs), g-protein coupled receptors (GCPRs) and ion channels. We present our work as an online, searchable repository (http://www.utdallas.edu/bbs/painneurosciencelab/DRGtranscriptome), creating a valuable resource for the community. Our analyses provide insight into DRG biology for guiding development of novel therapeutics, and a blueprint for cross-species transcriptomic analyses.SummaryWe generated RNA sequencing data from human DRG samples and comprehensively compared this transcriptome to other human tissues and a matching panel of mouse tissues. Our analysis uncovered functionally enriched genes in the human and mouse DRG with important implications for understanding sensory biology and pain drug discovery.