bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligning Alternatives
Authors: Stephanopoulos Nicholas O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of actors other than the federal judiciary in promoting alignment. Fortuitously, there’s no shortage of other actors with the legal ability and, sometimes, the political will to take aligning measures. At the federal level, Congress has sweeping regulatory authority over elections both horizontally (across different types of elections) and vertically (on different substantive grounds). Congress has also repeatedly used this vast power to promote alignment, and almost did so again through the omnibus election law bills of 2021–22. At the state level, the independent state legislature theory now poses few, if any, problems for aligning efforts undertaken by nonlegislative state actors with respect to federal elections. All these actors—governors, other executive officials, the people via direct democracy, state courts—and state legislatures, too, advance alignment on certain occasions, at least in the redistricting context. Finally, private actors have some capacity to boost alignment on their own, independent of public policy. These private aligning channels operate on the informational environment of politicians, the informational environment of voters, and the campaign finance ecosystem. In sum, these aligning alternatives to federal litigation make clear that our anti-alignment Court doesn’t condemn us to an anti-alignment fate.
Seeing Like a Firm
Authors: Néron Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This book proposes a political theory of the business firm, and by doing so, it offers new perspectives on social justice, neoliberalism, and conservatism. It challenges usual interpretations of neoliberalism by reconstructing the philosophical grounds of a form of conservatism of commerce based on a powerful aesthetics of inequality. More precisely, this book makes two key claims. First, it argues that corporations “see” in a conservative way. From this point of view, the “normative tunnel vision” of the corporation is that of hierarchy and inequality, and the great simplification of the corporate optic is to set aside the demands for equal standing. Second, it argues that we need a relational conception of equality and justice to think about corporations. From a relational perspective, a commitment to equality implies more than advocating the fair distribution of goods and resources, it aims to build a true society of equals and to fight against unjust hierarchies, various forms of subordination and social stratification. Consequently, the key normative claim of the relational approach regarding the corporation is this: what is so unique about the firm, and worrisome given its centrality within our societies, is precisely its capacity to undermine the very foundations of a society of equals. It does so because the big normative simplification of the corporate “optic” is to set aside the demands for equal standing. Relational egalitarians should try to deconstruct it, argue against it, and find ways to tackle it.
The Aesthetics of Inequality
Authors: Néron Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to take seriously the claim that firms “see” in a conservative way. The normative tunnel vision of the corporation is that of hierarchy, and the great simplification of the corporate optic is to set aside the demands for equal standing. To make sense of this conclusion, two things are necessary. First, it is necessary to clarify the relationship conservatives have with inequality, which is one of approval, appreciation, celebration: what the chapter conceptualizes as an aesthetics of inequality. In the end, conservatism is the only political philosophy that proposes us an authentic celebration of inequality. Second, it is necessary to understand the key movement that characterizes contemporary conservatism, namely the shift from a conservatism of values to a conservatism of commerce, which embarks on the celebration of economic activity as the new locus of aristocratic politics.
For Economic Democracy, Against CSR
Authors: Néron Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to clarify some of the implications of the approach defended in this book by articulating two claims that can be drawn from it, a positive one, and a negative one. Positively, it argues that a relational approach to equality can provide the theoretical grounds for a defense of economic democracy. Drawing on a conception of democracy as a society of equals, it argues that a genuine defense of social equality should go hand in hand with the defense of economic democracy, understood as a broad theoretical framework to think about issues of economic justice. To sum up, relational egalitarians should be economic democrats. Negatively, it makes the case against CSR. The political theory of the firm should help us by providing the grounds for a radical critique of a label that significantly limits our intellectual and political imagination.
Why the UK is vaccinating its older adult population against RSV—what geriatricians should know
Authors: Naylor Johnny , Ho Antonia , Soiza Roy L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The UK is launching a new free vaccination programme against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults aged 75 or over. This follows the development of safe and effective vaccines against RSV and the growing realisation of the burden of RSV-related disease in older adults—estimated at circa 8000 deaths and 175 000 GP episodes every year in the UK. It is likely that the full burden of RSV-related illness is under-appreciated and under-reported due to a lack of testing and awareness of its dangers in older adults. Healthcare professionals working with older people should be aware of the evidence base and be in a position to advise patients on the risks and benefits of vaccination and nonvaccination. We briefly review the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of the two licensed vaccines against RSV with a special focus on what geriatricians and others working with frailer, older people need to know.
Epidermal growth factor induces the initiation of epithelial mesenchymal transition in high-density colorectal cancer cell culture
Authors: Take Yuuri , Yoshida Fumi , Tanaka Ryo , Nakanishi Yusuke , Takahashi Kyoko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a step in the process through which colorectal cancer cells metastasize by gaining the cellular mobility associated with mesenchymal cells. However, whether the EMT occurs in cells tightly bound to each other remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dual influence of intercellular contact and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling on the induction of EMT in SW480 human colon carcinoma cells. Stimulation of densely cultured SW480 cells with EGF initiated partial EMT, following which E-cadherin levels were reduced. In these cells, the transcriptional repression of E-cadherin was caused by ZEB1 binding to its promoter region. EGF signaling did not directly induce ZEB1 mRNA upregulation but contributed to ZEB1 protein stability by regulating proteasomal degradation. Our findings indicate that EGF can induce EMT in colorectal cancer cells in the presence of cell-cell contact and may be a potential therapeutic target for metastasis.
Current computational tools for protein lysine acylation site prediction
Authors: Qin Zhaohui , Ren Haoran , Zhao Pei , Wang Kaiyuan , Liu Huixia , Miao Chunbo , Du Yanxiu , Li Junzhou , Wu Liuji , Chen Zhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a main subtype of post-translational modification (PTM), protein lysine acylations (PLAs) play crucial roles in regulating diverse functions of proteins. With recent advancements in proteomics technology, the identification of PTM is becoming a data-rich field. A large amount of experimentally verified data is urgently required to be translated into valuable biological insights. With computational approaches, PLA can be accurately detected across the whole proteome, even for organisms with small-scale datasets. Herein, a comprehensive summary of 166 in silico PLA prediction methods is presented, including a single type of PLA site and multiple types of PLA sites. This recapitulation covers important aspects that are critical for the development of a robust predictor, including data collection and preparation, sample selection, feature representation, classification algorithm design, model evaluation, and method availability. Notably, we discuss the application of protein language models and transfer learning to solve the small-sample learning issue. We also highlight the prediction methods developed for functionally relevant PLA sites and species/substrate/cell-type-specific PLA sites. In conclusion, this systematic review could potentially facilitate the development of novel PLA predictors and offer useful insights to researchers from various disciplines.
Interacting trends of colorectal cancer incidence: the combined effects of screening and birth cohort
Authors: Kuo Chih-Lin , Jhuang Jing-Rong , Su Shih-Yung , Chiang Chun-Ju , Yang Ya-Wen , Lin Li-Ju , Hsieh Pei-Chun , Hsu Tsui-Hsia , Lee Wen-Chung 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer remains a major global public health challenge. Its incidence is shaped by a complex interplay of screening programmes and age, period and cohort factors.

Methods
We introduce a novel Age-Period-Cohort-Screening (APCS) model to analyse trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Taiwan from 2000 to 2019.

Results
In 2010, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Taiwan increased by 19.2% (95% CI: 13.5%, 25.3%) for men and 15.6% (95% CI: 9.2%, 22.4%) for women. This was followed by annual declines of 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8%, 4.1%) and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%, 3.9%), respectively. By 2015 for men and 2014 for women, the age-standardized incidence had fallen below the levels projected in a no-screening scenario. By 2019, the incidence had further declined by 12.4% (95% CI: 11.8%, 13.1%) for men and 11.6% (95% CI: 10.7%, 12.6%) for women, compared with the no-screening scenario. Cohort effects have shown a persistent rise from 1920 to 1980: incidence increased 5.8-fold for men and 3.1-fold for women. The trend began to plateau after 1980, with a noticeable decline in women.

Conclusion
Through its screening programme, Taiwan has successfully reduced colorectal cancer incidence by 10% as of 2019. Furthermore, the incidence due to cohort effects has plateaued and even begun to decline. However, continued monitoring remains crucial. The advanced APCS model could serve as a robust analytical tool for other researchers and policy makers evaluating the impacts of cancer screening programmes on incidence trends.
Backward Uniqueness for 3D Navier–Stokes Equations With Non-Trivial Final Data and Applications
Authors: Lei Zhen , Yang Zhaojie , Yuan Cheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Presented is a backward uniqueness result of bounded mild solutions of 3D Navier–Stokes Equations in the whole space with non-trivial final data. A direct consequence is that a solution must be axi-symmetric in $[0, T]$ if it is so at time $T$. The proof is based on a new weighted estimate that enables to treat terms involving Calderon–Zygmund operators. The new weighted estimate is expected to have certain applications in control theory when classical Carleman-type inequality is not applicable.
Shale reservoir rock physics modeling and “sweet spot” prediction based on digital core
Authors: Huang Can , Qin Xilin , Chang Deshuang , Zhu Douxing , Zheng Jianxiong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the increasing advancement in shale exploration and development, the complex pore structure and organic-rich characteristics of shale have gradually become the focus of rock physics models. This study combined digital core technology to obtain detailed information on the shale mineral composition, content, pore and crack contents, and composition. The isotropic self-compatible approximation (SCA) model was used to couple the shale minerals and hard pores to construct a brittle mineral framework. The VRH model was used to mix kerogen and clay, and the SCA-DEM (differential equivalent medium) model was used to add organic pores to construct a clay organic matter mineral framework. The anisotropic SCA model treated the clay organic matter mineral framework as an inclusion added to the brittle mineral framework to construct the shale mineral framework. The Eshelby–Cheng model was used to add fracture to the mineral framework and establish a physical shale model. This model was used to optimize the selection of sensitive elastic parameters for physical properties such as brittle mineral and kerogen content, fracture density, and porosity, and the optimization results were combined to construct an explanatory quantity template. In addition, according to actual data from a study area in southwestern China, we combined to the interpretation chart established by the model to perform isotropic inversion. Then, we analyzed and interpreted the brittleness index and total organic carbon content of the reservoir and predicted the sweet spot area of the shale reservoir.
Resource selection of den sites for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in the Northern Great Plains, United States
Authors: Morrison Erin E , Lehman Chadwick P , Neiles Brady Y , Rota Christopher T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dens play a crucial role in the survival of young and can ultimately affect population dynamics for felid carnivores. However, little is known about Bobcat (Lynx rufus) den site selection. Therefore, this study aimed to identify environmental correlates of Bobcat den sites in the Black Hills, South Dakota, United States. Our objectives for this study were to compare environmental characteristics of Bobcat dens to random sites at coarse (3.14 ha) and local (0.05 ha) spatial scales. Female bobcats were radio-collared (n = 35) and dens (n = 27) were located using ground telemetry. Bobcats selected for high horizontal cover and terrain ruggedness at the coarse scale, as well as high horizontal cover at the local scale, which could provide concealment from predators. In less rugged areas land management practices that promote increased tree and shrub habitat as horizontal cover may provide habitat for Bobcat dens and ensure the survival of this ecologically and culturally important species.
Doubly robust machine learning-based estimation methods for instrumental variables with an application to surgical care for cholecystitis
Authors: Takatsu Kenta , Levis Alexander W , Kennedy Edward , Kelz Rachel , Keele Luke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Comparative effectiveness research frequently employs the instrumental variable design since randomized trials can be infeasible. In this study, we investigate treatments for emergency cholecystitis—inflammation of the gallbladder. A standard treatment for cholecystitis is surgical removal of the gallbladder, while alternative non-surgical treatments include managed care and pharmaceutical options. We use an instrument for operative care: the surgeon’s tendency to operate. Standard instrumental variable estimation methods, however, often rely on parametric models that are prone to bias from model misspecification. Thus, we outline instrumental variable methods based on the doubly robust machine learning framework. These methods enable us to employ machine learning techniques, delivering consistent estimates, and permitting valid inference on various estimands. We use these methods to estimate the primary target estimand in an instrumental variable design. Additionally, we expand these methods to develop new estimators for heterogeneous causal effects, profiling principal strata, and sensitivity analyses for a key instrumental variable assumption. We conduct a simulation to identify scenarios where more flexible estimation methods outperform standard methods. Our findings indicate that operative care is generally more effective for cholecystitis patients, although the benefits of surgery can be less pronounced for key patient subgroups.
The effect of stellar rotation on black hole mass and spin
Authors: Ghodla Sohan , Eldridge J J 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The gravitational wave signature of a binary black hole (BBH) merger is dependent on its component mass and spin. If such black holes originate from rapidly rotating progenitors, the large angular momentum reserve in the star could drive a collapsar-like supernova explosion, hence substantially impacting these characteristics of the black holes in the binary. To examine the effect of stellar rotation on the resulting black hole mass and spin, we conduct a one-dimensional general relativistic study of the end phase of the stellar collapse. We find that the resulting black hole mass at times differs significantly from the previously assumed values. We quantify the dependence of the black hole spin magnitude on the hydrodynamics of the accretion flow, providing analytical relations for calculating the mass and spin based on the progenitor’s pre-collapse properties. Depending on the nature of the accretion flow, our findings have implications for the black hole upper mass gap resulting from pair-instability supernovae, the maximum mass of a maximally rotating stellar black hole, and the maximum effective spin of a BBH formed in a tidally locked helium star–black hole binary.
Amphiphilic shuttle peptide delivers base editor ribonucleoprotein to correct the CFTR R553X mutation in well-differentiated airway epithelial cells
Authors: Kulhankova Katarina , Cheng Anna X , Traore Soumba , Auger Maud , Pelletier Mia , Hervault Maxime , Wells Kevin D , Green Jonathan A , Byrne Addison , Nelson Benjamin , Sponchiado Mariana , Boosani Chandra , Heffner Caleb S , Snow Kathy J , Murray Stephen A , Villacreses Raul A , Rector Michael V , Gansemer Nicholas D , Stoltz David A , Allamargot Chantal , Couture Frédéric , Hemez Colin , Hallée Stéphanie , Barbeau Xavier , Harvey Mario , Lauvaux Coraline , Gaillet Bruno , Newby Gregory A , Liu David R , McCray Paul B , Guay David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Base editing could correct nonsense mutations that cause cystic fibrosis (CF), but clinical development is limited by the lack of delivery methods that efficiently breach the barriers presented by airway epithelia. Here, we present a novel amphiphilic shuttle peptide based on the previously reported S10 peptide that substantially improved base editor ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery. Studies of the S10 secondary structure revealed that the alpha-helix formed by the endosomal leakage domain (ELD), but not the cell penetrating peptide (CPP), was functionally important for delivery. By isolating and extending the ELD, we created a novel shuttle peptide, termed S237. While S237 achieved lower delivery of green fluorescent protein, it outperformed S10 at Cas9 RNP delivery to cultured human airway epithelial cells and to pig airway epithelia in vivo, possibly due to its lower net charge. In well-differentiated primary human airway epithelial cell cultures, S237 achieved a 4.6-fold increase in base editor RNP delivery, correcting up to 9.4% of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) R553X allele and restoring CFTR channel function close to non-CF levels. These findings deepen the understanding of peptide-mediated delivery and offer a translational approach for base editor RNP delivery for CF airway disease.
Structural and mechanistic insights into a mesophilic prokaryotic Argonaute
Authors: Tao Xin , Ding Hui , Wu Shaowen , Wang Fei , Xu Hu , Li Jie , Zhai Chao , Li Shunshun , Chen Kai , Wu Shan , Liu Yang , Ma Lixin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Argonaute (Ago) proteins are programmable nucleases found in all domains of life, playing a crucial role in biological processes like DNA/RNA interference and gene regulation. Mesophilic prokaryotic Agos (pAgos) have gained increasing research interest due to their broad range of potential applications, yet their molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we present seven cryo-electron microscopy structures of Kurthia massiliensis Ago (KmAgo) in various states. These structures encompass the steps of apo-form, guide binding, target recognition, cleavage, and release, revealing that KmAgo employs a unique DDD catalytic triad, instead of a DEDD tetrad, for DNA target cleavage under 5′P-DNA guide conditions. Notably, the last catalytic residue, D713, is positioned outside the catalytic pocket in the absence of guide. After guide binding, D713 enters the catalytic pocket. In contrast, the corresponding catalytic residue in other Agos has been consistently located in the catalytic pocket. Moreover, we identified several sites exhibiting enhanced catalytic activity through alanine mutagenesis. These sites have the potential to serve as engineering targets for augmenting the catalytic efficiency of KmAgo. This structural analysis of KmAgo advances the understanding of the diversity of molecular mechanisms by Agos, offering insights for developing and optimizing mesophilic pAgos-based programmable DNA and RNA manipulation tools.
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5-mediated light signaling promotes shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Yu , Ince Yetkin Çaka , Kawamura Ayako , Favero David S , Suzuki Takamasa , Sugimoto Keiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Injured plant somatic tissues regenerate themselves by establishing shoot or root meristems. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a two-step culture system ensures regeneration by first promoting the acquisition of pluripotency and subsequently specifying the fate of new meristems. Although previous studies have reported the importance of phytohormones auxin and cytokinin in determining the fate of new meristems, whether and how environmental factors influence this process remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of light signals on shoot regeneration using Arabidopsis hypocotyls as explants. We found that light signals promote shoot regeneration while inhibiting root formation. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), the pivotal transcriptional factor in light signaling, plays a central role in this process by mediating the expression of key genes controlling the fate of new meristems. Specifically, HY5 directly represses root development genes and activates shoot meristem genes, leading to the establishment of shoot progenitor from pluripotent callus. We further demonstrated that the early activation of photosynthesis is critical for shoot initiation, and this is transcriptionally regulated downstream of HY5-dependent pathways. In conclusion, we uncovered the intricate molecular mechanisms by which light signals control the establishment of new meristems through the regulatory network governed by HY5, thus highlighting the influence of light signals on plant developmental plasticity.
The Imitation Game: The Imitation Game: How Encouraging Renegotiation Makes Good Borrowers Bad
Authors: Flynn Sean , Ghent Andra , Tchistyi Alexei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We show that commercial mortgage borrowers behave opportunistically to attempt to obtain principal reductions. We develop a model in which lenders cannot perfectly observe borrowers’ use values and renegotiation is costly. We then exploit a tax rule change that reduced the cost of renegotiation. Consistent with the model predictions, borrowers with high private use values of the property are more likely to transfer into special servicing when lenders have a higher capacity to negotiate principal reductions after the rule change. Our results suggest adverse consequences of principal forgiveness for lenders.