bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Measures of Between-Study Heterogeneity in Meta-Analysis: Reducing the Impact of Outlying Studies
Authors: Lin Lifeng , Chu Haitao , Hodges James S. 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Meta-analysis has become a widely used tool to combine results from independent studies. The collected studies are homogeneous if they share a common underlying true effect size; otherwise, they are heterogeneous. A fixed-effect model is customarily used when the studies are deemed homogeneous, while a random-effects model is used for heterogeneous studies. Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis is critical for model selection and decision making. Ideally, if heterogeneity is present, it should permeate the entire collection of studies, instead of being limited to a small number of outlying studies. Outliers can have great impact on conventional measures of heterogeneity and the conclusions of a meta-analysis. However, no widely accepted guidelines exist for handling outliers. This article proposes several new heterogeneity measures. In the presence of outliers, the proposed measures are less affected than the conventional ones. The performance of the proposed and conventional heterogeneity measures are compared theoretically, by studying their asymptotic properties, and empirically, using simulations and case studies.
Artesunate Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Leukocyte Migration to the Central Nervous System
Authors: Thomé Rodolfo , de Carvalho Ana Carolina , Alves da Costa Thiago , Ishikawa Larissa Lumi Watanabe , Fraga‐Silva Thais Fernanda de Campos , Sartori Alexandrina , de Oliveira Alexandre Leite Rodrigues , Verinaud Liana 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackground and AimsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is T‐cell‐dependent disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. This model resembles multiple sclerosis (MS) in many aspects. Therapies that focus in the modulation of the immune response and cellular infiltration in the CNS present best effects in the clinics. Artesunate (Art) is a semi‐synthetic sesquiterpene derivative from artemisinin and has been shown to reduce the clinical signs of autoimmune disease models through mechanisms not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether administration of Art would ameliorate EAE.Methods and ResultsC57BL6 mice were immunized with MOG35–55 peptide to induce EAE. At the same time, Art treatment started (3 mg/kg/day via i.p.) for five consecutive days. We found that Art treatment reduced the clinical signs of EAE and that correlated with a reduced infiltration of cells in the CNS. Disease amelioration did not correlate with immunomodulation as recall responses, leukocyte subpopulations, and gene expression analysis were similar among treated and untreated mice. Ultimately, further analysis provided data indicating that a possible mechanism of action for Art is dependent on the cellular migration to the CNS.ConclusionsArtesunate reduces the severity of EAE by inhibiting migration of pathogenic T cells to the CNS.
Outcome of emergency surgery for severe neuroleptic‐induced colitis: results of a prospective cohort
Authors: Abdalla S. , Brouquet A. , Lazure T. , Costaglioli B. , Penna C. , Benoist S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe study evaluated the outcome of severe acute antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drug related colitis requiring emergency surgery.MethodFrom 2009 to 2014, 20 patients underwent emergency surgery for acute and severe neuroleptic‐related ischaemic colitis. Neuroleptic‐induced colitis was defined as another cause besides inflammatory, infectious or ischaemic colitis with a relationship to treatment by antipsychotic drugs.ResultsThe main drugs involved were cyamemazine (n = 9, 45%), loxapine (n = 5, 25%), haloperidol (n = 4, 20%) and alimemazine (n = 4, 20%). Most (n = 14, 70%) patients presented with haemodynamic instability requiring massive resuscitation and vasopressive drugs. CT signs of digestive impairment were found in 13 (65%) patients having emergency surgery. The lesions were pancolonic in 40%; transparietal necrosis was found in 45% and 15% had colonic perforation. Twelve (60%) patients had total or subtotal colectomy and eight (40%) a segmental colectomy with colostomy or ileostomy in all cases. The postoperative mortality was 15% and morbidity was 70%, necessitating surgical reintervention in two (10%) patients. Of the 17 surviving patients, 11 (64.7%) had restoration of intestinal continuity after a median delay of 103 days, with a postoperative morbidity rate of 36.3%. In the intent‐to‐treat population, the permanent stoma rate was 30%.ConclusionThe morbidity and mortality of surgery for neuroleptic‐drug‐induced colitis is higher than for colitis due to other causes. A better knowledge of this condition should lead to early diagnosis.
Using verified species distribution models to inform the conservation of a rare marine species
Authors: Stirling David A. , Boulcott Philip , Scott Beth E. , Wright Peter J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimGiven the paucity of data on the distribution of habitats and species for most marine species, particularly those that are rare and in need of protection, there is a need to model species distributions. Using the fan mussel, Atrina fragilis (Pennant 1777), as our case species, the aim of the study was to predict new areas of occurrence for A. fragilis, estimate the extent of potentially suitable areas, determine the proportion of these areas that are included in the recently designated nature conservation MPAs off the west of Scotland and identify possible environmental drivers in the distribution of A. fragilis.LocationWest coast of Scotland, UK.MethodsUsing a point process framework, we modelled presence‐only data, including historic records. A quadrat survey employing digital still photography was conducted in areas of high and low suitability to verify the model, and subsequently, a targeted survey was undertaken in areas predicted as highly suitable by the models using towed video cameras.ResultsFive environmental variables were of prime importance in explaining the distribution of A. fragilis. The results from the verification survey support model performance. Atrina fragilis was found in 80% of the targeted transects undertaken. Approximately 14% of the total area predicted as suitable for A. fragilis occurred within recently designated marine protected areas (MPAs) indicating considerable potential for recolonization given suitable protection.Main conclusionsThe verified model suggests that limited presence‐only and historical records of rare species can perform well within a SDM framework allowing the identification of further suitable areas. The prominence of bathymetric ruggedness in the models is unexpected, given the understood ecological niche for A. fragilis and pinnids in general, but is consistent with the fact that seabed topography can offer protection from fishing pressure. These results will inform restoration objectives of the MPA network.
Spatial distribution of young forests and carbon fluxes within recent disturbances in Russia
Authors: Loboda Tatiana V. , Chen Dong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractForest stand age plays a major role in regulating carbon fluxes in boreal and temperate ecosystems. Young boreal forests represent a relatively small but persistent source of carbon to the atmosphere over 30 years after disturbance, while temperate forests switch from a substantial source over the first 10 years to a notable sink until they reach maturity. Russian forests are the largest contiguous forest belt in the world that accounts for 17% of the global forest cover; however, despite its critical role in controlling global carbon cycle, little is known about spatial patterns of young forest distribution across Russia as a whole, particularly before the year 2000. Here, we present a map of young (0–27 years of age) forests, where 12‐ to 27‐year‐old forests were modeled from the single‐date 500 m satellite record and augmented with the 0‐ to 11‐year‐old forest map aggregated from the 30 m resolution contemporary record between 2001 and 2012. The map captures the distribution of forests with the overall accuracy exceeding 85% within three largest bioclimatic vegetation zones (northern, middle, and southern taiga), although mapping accuracy for disturbed classes was generally low (the highest of 31% for user's and producer's accuracy for the 12–27 age class and the maximum of 74% for user's and 32% for producer's accuracy for the 0–11 age class). The results show that 75.5 ± 17.6 Mha (roughly 9%) of Russian forests were younger than 30 years of age at the end of 2012. The majority of these 47 ± 4.7 Mha (62%) were distributed across the middle taiga bioclimatic zone. Based on the published estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP) and the produced map of young forests, this study estimates that young Russian forests represent a total sink of carbon at the rate of 1.26 Tg C yr−1.
Impulse Response Dynamics in Weakest Link Games
Authors: Goerg Sebastian J. , Sadrieh Abdolkarim , Neugebauer Tibor 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In a recent paper, Croson et al. (2015) experimentally study three weakest link games with multiple symmetric equilibria. They demonstrate that static concepts based on the Nash equilibrium (including multiple Nash equilibria, quantal response equilibria, and equilibrium selection by risk and payoff dominance) cannot successfully capture the observed treatment differences. Using Reinhard Selten’s impulse response dynamics, we derive a proposition that provides a theoretical ranking of contribution levels in the weakest link games. We show that the predicted ranking of treatment outcomes is fully consistent with the observed data. In addition, we demonstrate that the impulse response dynamics perform well in tracking average contributions over time. We conclude that Reinhard Selten’s impulse response dynamics provide an extremely valuable behavioral approach that is not only capable of resolving the indecisiveness of static approaches in games with many equilibria, but that can also be used to track the development of choices over time in games with repeated interaction.
Appropriate Sampling for Optimised Measurement (ASOM), rather than the Theory of Sampling (TOS) Approach, to Ensure Suitable Measurement Quality: A Refutation of Esbensen and Wagner (2014)
Authors: Ramsey Michael H. 
Published: May 2016

The ‘Appropriate Sampling for Optimised Measurement’ (ASOM) approach considers measurement to be the focus of the sampling process, and sampling to be only the first part of the measurement process. To achieve ASOM, the uncertainty of measurements, including its contribution from sampling, needs to be estimated and optimised in order to achieve fitness‐for‐purpose. Such samples are then ‘sufficiently’ representative. The ‘Theory of Sampling’ (TOS) focuses on the processes of primary sampling and sample preparation and assumes that samples are ‘representative’ if they are correctly prepared by nominally ‘correct’ protocols. It defines around ten sampling ‘errors’, which are either modelled or minimised to improve sampling quality. It is argued that the ASOM approach is more effective in achieving appropriate measurement quality than in applying TOS to just the first part of the measurement process. The comparison is made less effective by the different objectives, scopes, terminology and assumptions of the two approaches. ASOM can be applied to in situ materials that are too variable to be modelled accurately, or where sources of uncertainty are unsuspected. The proposed integration of ASOM with TOS (Esbensen and Wagner 2014, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 57, 93–106) is therefore effectively impossible. However, some TOS procedures can be useful within the ASOM approach.
International Trends in Health Science Librarianship Part 18: The Middle East (Iran, Qatar and Turkey)
Authors: Zeraatkar Kimia , Ayatollahi Haleh , Havlin Tracy , Neves Karen , Şendir Mesra 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis is the 18th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in the 21st century. The focus of the present issue is the Middle East (Iran, Qatar and Turkey). The next feature column will investigate trends in the Balkan StatesJM
Barriers to the use of the library service amongst clinical staff in an acute hospital setting: an evaluation
Authors: Thomas Gaynor , Preston Hugh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article reports on research into the reasons why clinical staff in an acute hospital may be reluctant to use library services. The research was conducted by Gaynor Thomas at the Prince Philip Hospital in Llanelli in Wales as part of the dissertation she completed for an MSc in Economics. She graduated in July 2014 from Aberystwyth University and has co‐written the article with Hugh Preston, her dissertation supervisor. The article summarises the key findings from the interviews undertaken as part of the research process and lists the resulting recommendations. Gaynor also highlights the initiatives which have been put in place with the express aim of removing barriers to use and encouraging clinical staff to make the most of the library which is, she argues, a time‐saving resource.AM
Regenerative implantable medical devices: an overview
Authors: Yu Shu‐yang , Li Fu‐Yao , Wang Hong‐Man 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a bibliometric evaluation and trend prediction of English literature on animal‐derived regenerative implantable medical devices based on tissue engineering technology.MethodsData identified by a search strategy with eleven combinations of keywords before 1 January, 2014 were downloaded from eight databases on 25 November, 2014. The study analysed publication year, journal preference, authors' geographic location and research topics.ResultsResearch on animal‐derived regenerative implantable medical devices is gradually increasing. The majority of the first authors are from colleges or universities. Approximately one‐third of the papers were the result of cooperation of different institutions. The top five productive countries are the United States, China, UK, Germany and Italy. Biomaterials are the main literature source. Bradford's law analysis shows that a core journal area has formed. The active areas of research and future research directions are ‘scaffold materials’, ‘biocompatibility’, ‘growth factors’ and ‘extracellular matrix’.ConclusionResearch of animal‐derived regenerative implantable medical devices has attracted more and more attention from the academia. But most of the research achievements are generated by a few developed countries. Researchers around the world need to complement each other in knowledge and academic resources by communication and cooperation.
Big Data – What is it and why it matters
Authors: Tattersall Andy , Grant Maria J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBig data, like MOOCs, altmetrics and open access, is a term that has been commonplace in the library community for some time yet, despite its prevalence, many in the library and information sector remain unsure of the relationship between big data and their roles. This editorial explores what big data could mean for the day‐to‐day practice of health library and information workers, presenting examples of big data in action, considering the ethics of accessing big data sets and the potential for new roles for library and information workers.
Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6) profiling of pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma improves diagnostic and prognostic performance
Authors: Sierzega Marek , Młynarski Damian , Tomaszewska Romana , Kulig Jan 
Published: May 2016

AimsMucin (MUC) glycoproteins are involved in various steps of the carcinogenesis and progression of human malignancies. The aim of this study was to verify whether semiquantitative evaluation of MUC staining by immunohistochemistry may help to differentiate pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas.Methods and resultsMucin expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens resected from 101 patients with PDAC and 33 with chronic pancreatitis, and in 40 normal pancreatic tissue specimens. A quickscore (QS, range 0–300) was calculated by multiplying staining intensity by the percentage of positive cells. A diagnostic model was developed for MUC QS (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6), based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis. Median QS values for MUC1 and MUC5AC were significantly higher for PDAC, whereas patients with non‐malignant tissues had higher values for MUC3 and MUC6. The area under the curve for the ROC curve derived from the diagnostic model including MUC3, MUC5AC and MUC6 was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.98], with 85% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Median QS values for MUC2 were significantly higher in patients with less advanced tumours, whereas venous invasion was associated with a lower QS for MUC6. Moreover, multivariate survival analysis revealed that low MUC6 expression was a negative prognostic factor, with a hazard ratio of 1.73 (95% CI 1.07–2.81).ConclusionsThe three‐MUC diagnostic model (MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6) showed an excellent ability to discriminate pancreatic cancer from non‐malignant tissues, and yielded information that may prove useful for the development of clinical applications.
Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury after radical cystectomy
Authors: Ikehata Yoshinori , Tanaka Toshiaki , Ichihara Koji , Kobayashi Ko , Kitamura Hiroshi , Takahashi Satoshi , Masumori Naoya 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo clarify the incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of acute kidney injury after radical cystectomy.MethodsA total of 210 patients who underwent radical cystectomy at Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan, from January 2006 through December 2012 were evaluated. The incidence of acute kidney injury was evaluated over the first 7 days postoperatively, during which time a ureteral catheter was inserted. Risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury and its impacts on short‐term clinical outcomes were evaluated.ResultsFinally, 145 patients were eligible for this study. Postoperative acute kidney injury was observed in 48 patients (33.1%), with stages 1, 2, and 3 found in 33 (22.7%), 14 (9.6%) and 1 (0.7%), respectively. All patients with stage 1 and 2 acute kidney injury recovered by postoperative day 7, except for one with stage 1. Hypertension (P < 0.001), preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.04) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.03) were independent risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury. Furthermore, postoperative acute kidney injury was an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury after ureteral stent removal, but not of persistent elevated serum creatinine, prolonged hospital stay or the new onset of cardiovascular disorders during the hospital stay.ConclusionsThe incidence of acute kidney injury after radical cystectomy is relatively high, although most cases are low grade and can be resolved. We should be aware of the risk for postoperative acute kidney injury, especially in patients who have comorbid hypertension, impaired renal function and received naoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Perceptions and Discourses Relating to Genetic Testing: Interviews with People with Down Syndrome
Authors: Barter Barbara , Hastings Richard Patrick , Williams Rebecca , Huws Jaci C. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe perceptions of individuals with Down syndrome are conspicuously absent in discussions about the use of prenatal testing.MethodEight individuals with Down syndrome were interviewed about their views and experience of the topic of prenatal testing.ResultsInterpretative phenomenological analysis revealed two major themes with subthemes: (1) a devalued condition and a valued life and (2) a question of ‘want?’ Foucauldian discourse analysis highlighted two main discursive practices: (i) social deviance and (ii) tragedy and catastrophe of the birth of a baby with Down syndrome.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that individuals with intellectual disabilities can make a valuable contribution to discussions surrounding the use of prenatal testing. Implications for clinical practice include the use of information about Down syndrome given to prospective parents, and the possible psychological impact of prenatal testing practices on individuals with Down syndrome.
Influences of climate and historical land connectivity on ant beta diversity in East Asia
Authors: Wepfer Patricia H. , Guénard Benoit , Economo Evan P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimBiodiversity patterns reflect both ecological and evolutionary processes interacting with geographical variation in climate and the current and historical connectivity between land areas. We sought to disentangle these effects in explaining the organization of ant diversity across geographical areas and islands in East Asia.LocationThe Japanese Archipelago including the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands, Taiwan and coastal continental regions of Korea, China and Russia.MethodsWe aggregated species occurrence records from published literature, specimen databases and museum records, and compiled climatic variables for islands and politically defined continental areas. Current and historical land connections in the Last Glacial Maximum were determined using bathymetric databases. We analysed factors driving patterns of Simpson composition dissimilarity using multiple regression of distance matrices.ResultsTemperature was the largest driver of dissimilarity among areas, with geographical distance and historical land contiguity also being important. Current land contiguity had no detectable effect.Main conclusionsWe found climate to be a primary driver of ant diversity patterns on large scales, consistent with previous work on ants and other organisms. Interestingly, land connectivity during historical periods of low sea level was more important than current land connectivity in explaining faunal similarities. This implies that despite the potential overwater dispersal of ants, overland dispersal via transient land connections is a more important driver of regional‐scale biogeographical pattern in East Asia.
Synergistic effect of maternal obesity and periodontitis on preterm birth in women with pre‐eclampsia: a prospective study
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jin , Ha Jung‐Eun , Bae Kwang‐Hak 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate if pregnant women with both obesity and periodontitis are more likely to experience preterm birth (PTB) in women with pre‐eclampsia (PE) than pregnant women with only obesity or only periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThe study examined a total of 328 pregnant women at 21–24 weeks of gestation. Overweight and obesity was defined based on criteria proposed by the WHO Expert Consultation. Periodontal conditions were assessed by measuring periodontal clinical attachment loss. PTB was defined as delivery at <37 weeks, and PE was defined as blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions with at least 1+ proteinuria on a random urine screen after the 20th week of pregnancy.ResultsAfter adjusting for other important cofactors, pregnant women with periodontitis were 5.56 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–25.39] more likely to have PTB with PE than women without periodontitis. The association was much stronger (odds ratio = 15.94, 95% CI = 3.31–76.71) in women with both obesity and periodontitis.ConclusionsOur results of this study indicate that pregnant women with both pre‐pregnancy obesity and periodontitis are significantly more likely to have PTB with PE than pregnant women with only periodontitis.