bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitude on “Standard Days Method” of Family Planning among Female Postgraduate Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Menachery Philby B , Noronha Judith A , Fernandes Sweety J 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
“Standard Days Method” is a fertility awareness method of family planning that helps to identify the fertile days in a menstrual cycle during which a woman is likely to get pregnant. It is calculated to be 12 days ranging from day 8 through 19 in a menstrual cycle of 26 to 32 days. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude on the “Standard Days Method” of family planning, correlation between knowledge and attitude, and the association between knowledge and attitude with the selected demographic variables.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 540 female students aged 21 to 25 years from selected postgraduate colleges of selected district in Karnataka State of South India. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data.

Results
Majority (94%) of the students surveyed had poor knowledge regarding “Standard Days Method” but majority (54.2%) of them favored the “Standard Days Method”. There was significant weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.292, p < 0.001). The knowledge scores and attitude score had significant association with certain demographic variables.

Conclusion
Awareness program on fertility awareness-based methods of family planning is essential to provide cogent information to young adults, thus empowering them to take wise decisions on planned parenthood.

How to cite this article
Menachery PB, Noronha JA, Fernandes SJ. Knowledge and Attitude on “Standard Days Method” of Family Planning among Female Postgraduate Students: A Cross-sectional Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):263-268.
Selective Fetal Reduction of Conjoined Twins in Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Mishra Vineet , Aggarwal Rohina , Choudhary Sumesh , Agarwal Himani 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
The incidence of conjoined twins is rare. In early pregnancy, transvaginal ultrasound may facilitate diagnosis and prompt intervention can be done.

Case Report
A 35 years old patient with history of infertility for 17 years conceived after In vitro fertilization–embryo transfer with donor oocytes due to ovarian factor; three embryos were transferred. Transvaginal sonography was done on 21st day after transfer and it revealed three gestational sacs with fetal pole in all the sacs. Repeat TVS done on 65th day post embryo transfer revealed one gestational sac with single live embryo, second sac with two embryos joined at thorax and abdomen with a common heart, and two heads. Couple was then counseled for fetal reduction in view of expected poor outcome of conjoined twins. Selective fetal reduction was done at 12 weeks gestation with intra-cardiac potassium chloride administration. Pregnancy is now ongoing with an apparently normal live singleton fetus.

Conclusion
When conjoined twins are detected early, fetal reduction is a good modality of management. These pregnancies are associated with severe complications, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hence, the sooner the fetal reduction is, the better the management of conjoined twins.

How to cite this article
Choudhary S, Mishra V, Aggarwal R, Agarwal H. Selective Fetal Reduction of Conjoined Twins in Twin Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):277-279.
Successful Conservative Management of Spontaneous Unilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage in Pregnancy
Authors: Roy Priyankur , Mishra Vineet , Aggarwal Rohina , Choudhary Sumesh , Goyal Preeti 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage (SAH) in the absence of trauma or adrenal tumor is a rare condition. Its incidence has been reported from 0.14 to 1.1% and it usually involves the right adrenal gland. During pregnancy, unilateral SAH has been reported very rarely. We describe a case who presented to us with pregnancy-induced hypertension and pain in right flank region for 1 day and diagnosed as a case of spontaneous right adrenal hemorrhage and managed conservatively.

How to cite this article
Mishra VV, Goyal P, Choudhary S, Aggarwal R, Roy P. Successful Conservative Management of Spontaneous Unilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage in Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):287-288.
A Survey of Endodontic Practices among Dentists in Burkina Faso
Authors: Faye Babacar , Kaboré Wendpoulomdé AD , Chevalier Valérie , Gnagne-Koffi Yolande , Ouédraogo Carole DW , Ndiaye Diouma 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
Dental surgeons must be aware of the most appropriate endodontic treatments and how to properly conduct them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dental surgeons in Burkina Faso in terms of endodontic treatment procedures.

Materials and methods
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed during the regular annual conference of the National Board of Dental Surgeons of Burkina Faso, held on February 27 and 28, 2015 in Ouagadougou, through a questionnaire.

Results
A total of 33 practitioners took part (52.4% of the dental surgeons of Burkina Faso) in the study. The majority of them (90.9%) used sodium hypochlorite as their preferred irrigation solution. Nearly half of the dental surgeons (48.5%) did not know how to use a permeabilization file, and most did not make use of nickel–titanium (NiTi) mechanized instruments (78.8%) or rubber dams (93.9%). Approximately two-thirds of participants did not perform file-in-place radiography (66.7%) or control radiography of the canal obturation (63.6%). The adjusted single-cone technique was the most commonly used (87.9%).

Conclusion
This study highlights that the majority of dental surgeons in Burkina Faso are not using the currently recommended endodontic procedures to perform obturations.

Clinical significance
Dental surgeons in Burkina Faso must commit to regularly upgrading their knowledge and techniques.

How to cite this article
Kaboré WAD, Chevalier V, Gnagne- Koffi Y, Ouédraogo CDW, Ndiaye D, Faye B. A Survey of Endodontic Practices among Dentists in Burkina Faso. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):641-646.
An in vitro Evaluation of Friction Characteristics of Conventional Stainless Steel and Self-ligating Stainless Steel Brackets with different Dimensions of Archwires in Various Bracket–archwire Combination
Authors: Rajasekaran UB , Sandbhor Shailesh , Ramees M Mohamed , Abraham Esther A 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The purpose of this research is to compare the frictional attributes of stainless steel conventional brackets and selfligating stainless steel brackets with different dimensions of archwires.

Materials and methods
The test was carried with two sets of maxillary brackets: (1) Conventional stainless steel (Victory Series), (2) stainless steel self-ligating (SmartClip) without first premolar brackets. Stainless steel, nickel–titanium (NiTi), and beta-Ti which are the types of orthodontic wire alloys were tested in this study. To monitor the frictional force, a universal testing machine (Instron 33R 4467) that comprises 10 kg tension load cell was assigned on a range of 1 kg and determined from 0 to 2 kg, which allows moving of an archwire along the brackets. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the difference between groups. To analyze the statistical difference between the two groups, Student's t-test was used.

Results
For Victory Series in static friction, p-value was 0.946 and for kinetic friction it was 0.944; at the same time for SmartClip, the p value for static and kinetic frictional resistance was 0.497 and 0.518 respectively. Hence, there was no statistically significant difference between the NiTi and stainless steel archwires.

Conclusion
It is concluded that when compared with conventional brackets with stainless steel ligatures, self-ligating brackets can produce significantly less friction during sliding. Beta-Ti archwires expressed high amount of frictional resistance and the stainless steel archwires comprise low frictional resistance among all the archwire materials.

Clinical significance
In orthodontics, frictional resistance has always had a major role. Its ability to impair tooth movement leads to the need for higher forces to move the teeth and it extends the treatment time which results in loss of posterior anchorage. Friction in orthodontics is related with sliding mechanics when a wire is moving through one or a series of bracket slots.

How to cite this article
Sridharan K, Sandbhor S, Rajasekaran UB, Sam G, Ramees MM, Abraham EA. An in vitro Evaluation of Friction Characteristics of Conventional Stainless Steel and Selfligating Stainless Steel Brackets with different Dimensions of Archwires in Various Bracket–archwire Combination. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):660-664.
Comparison between Color Spaces of Vita Lumin Shade Guide with Natural Teeth in Bengaluru Population using Spectrocolorimeter: An in vivo Study
Authors: Mehta Deepak , Gupta Nishant , Shetty Rohit M , Bhat Adarsh N , Srivatsa Gopalakrishna , Singh Ipsha 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study is to compare the color space of Vita Lumin shade guide (SG) with the natural teeth of the local population.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 maxillary central incisors (100 patients) were subjected to color measurement with a spectrocolorimeter. For each tooth, L*, a*, b* values were recorded. All the shade tabs of Vita Lumin SG were analyzed with a spectrocolorimeter to define the color space covered by the Vita Lumin SG. The L*a*b* values of natural teeth were plotted on separate scattered diagrams and compared.

Results
About two out of three attributes (luminance and blue spectrum) of the local population of Bengaluru displayed a broader range than those available in Vita Lumin SG.

Conclusion
The local population requires an SG with an extended range, covering a higher luminance spectrum and broader blue spectrum.

Clinical significance
Esthetic restorations require accurate shade matching with the adjacent natural teeth, SGs being the mean of shade selection and communication should be comparable to the natural teeth.

How to cite this article
Shetty RM, Bhat AN, Gupta N, Mehta D, Srivatsa G, Singh I. Comparison between Color Spaces of Vita Lumin Shade Guide with Natural Teeth in Bengaluru Population using Spectrocolorimeter: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):683-687.
Histologic Variants of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: A Study of 52 Cases
Authors: Irani Soussan , Foroughi Forough 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aimed at evaluating histological features of 52 cases of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), which is an uncommon benign odontogenic lesion. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified COC as a neoplasm and used the term calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) for benign cystic type and the dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) for the benign solid-type lesions. There is no agreement regarding COC classification.

Materials and methods
A total of 52 cases of COC were selected and reviewed from the archive of the Pathology Department of Taleghani Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran. To better understand the pathogenesis of COC, the cases were classified.

Results
There were 52 cases (31 males and 21 females). The lesion was found in all age groups, and patients’ age from 8 to 61 years. Nineteen cases affected the maxilla, and 33 cases affected the mandible. Except two cases, all were intraosseous lesions. Radiographically, 30 cases showed a unilocular radiolucent area, and 22 cases showed a mixed radiolucent/ radiopaque region. Histopathologically, 43 cases were cystic type and 9 cases were neoplastic.

Conclusion
There are two different histopathological entities. In view of these findings, it is very difficult to determine every lesion that has a cystic architecture is truly cystic or is a neoplastic one in nature. It is believed that the solid variants may be neoplastic.

Clinical significance
A better understanding of the histological type of the lesion can provide a classification across patients. This can help in treatment planning to improve patient outcomes.

How to cite this article
Irani S, Foroughi F. Histologic Variants of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: A Study of 52 Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):688-694.
Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of Maxillary Anterior Dentition in Cases of Bimaxillary Protrusion: A Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Shankar T , Gowd Snigdha , Chatterjee Suravi , Mohanty Pritam , Sahoo Nivedita , Baratam Srinivas 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To investigate the two clinical parameters, such as gingival zenith positions (GZPs) and gingival zenith levels (GZLs), of maxillary anterior dentition in bimaxillary protrusion cases and collate it with severiety of crown inclination.

Materials and methods
Gingival zenith position and GZL in 40 healthy patients (29 females and 11 males) with an average age of 21.5 years were assessed. Inclusion criteria involved absence of periodontal diseases, Angle's class I molar relationship, and upper anterior proclination within 25 to 45° based on Steiner's analysis; exclusion criteria included spacing, crowding, anterior restoration and teeth with incisor attrition or rotation.
The GZP was evaluated using digital calipers from voxelbased morphometry (VBM), and GZL was assessed from the tangent drawn from GZP of central incisor and canines to the linear vertical distance of GZP of lateral incisor.

Results
All the central incisors showed a GZP distal to VBM with a mean average of 1 mm. Severe proclination between 40 and 45° showed a statistically significant variation. Lateral incisors displayed a mean of 0.5 mm deviation of GZP from the vertically bisected midline. In 80% of canine population, GZP was centralized.

Conclusion
We conclude that the degree of proclination of maxillary anterior dentition was correlated to the gingival contour in bimaxillary cases. The investigation revealed that there is a variation in the location of GZP as the severity of proclination increases.

Clinical significance
This study highlights the importance of microesthetics in fixed orthodontic treatment. The gingival contour should be unaltered while retraction during management of bimaxillary protrusion.

How to cite this article
Gowd S, Shankar T, Chatterjee S, Mohanty P, Sahoo N, Baratam S. Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of Maxillary Anterior Dentition in Cases of Bimaxillary Protrusion: A Morphometric Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):700-704.
Pentraxin-3 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Canine Retraction with Nickel–Titanium Coil Spring and Active Tieback
Authors: Mangat Sukhpreet , Thukral Rakesh , Ganguly Anvesha , Bali Harleen , Grover Shekhar 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
Orthodontic treatment is routinely carried out in patients with the purpose of correcting various forms of dental malocclusions. Retraction of the canines can be achieved either individually or along with incisor. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is regarded as the true independent indicator of disease activity. Hence, we undertook the present study to assess and compare the level of PTX-3 in patients undergoing canine retraction with active tieback and Nickel–Titanium (NiTi) coil spring.

Materials and methods
The present study included assessment of 25 patients that underwent canine retraction as a part of fixed orthodontic treatment. In the maxillary right and left quadrant, active tieback and NiTi coil spring were used respectively. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected 1 hour prior to the commencement of orthodontic canine retraction procedure followed by collection at following time intervals: 1 hour, 1, 7, and 14 days after the start of canine retraction procedure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used for analysis of the samples as per manufacturer's instructions. All the data were recorded and compiled. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results
Nonsignificant difference was observed in the values of PTX-3 at baseline and 1 hour. While comparing the mean PTX-3 values between different time intervals in both the study groups, significant difference was observed.

Conclusion
In comparison to the active tieback, NiTi coil exhibited faster space closure rate.

Clinical significance
In patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, PTX-3 is associated with periodontal remodeling under the effect of orthodontic forces.

How to cite this article
Thukral R, Mangat S, Ganguly A, Agarkar SS, Bali H, Grover S. Pentraxin-3 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Canine Retraction with Nickel–Titanium Coil Spring and Active Tieback. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18(8):710-713.
Early Childhood Caries: A Review
Authors: Alazmah Abdulfatah 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To review and update the current knowledge about early childhood caries (ECC) and its etiology, prevalence, risk factors, management, and preventive strategies.

Background
Early childhood caries is a disease affecting significantly both well-developed and industrial nations. The ECC can significantly affect the child's quality of life, as it may lead to infection, swelling, pain, and other symptoms. The ECC affects children after eruption of primary teeth until age of around 5 years.

Review results
The ECC affects all parts of the tooth including the smooth surface. Upper anterior teeth and primary molars are usually affected. The lower anterior teeth are less likely affected. The risk factors for ECC are diet, bacteria, and host susceptibility. The additional factors, such as presence of enamel defect and the feeding practices also contribute to the initiation and progress of ECC.

Conclusion
Dentists must focus on utilizing existing techniques to distinguish indications of right on time and propelled caries and give guidance on the best way to counteract and control caries in children. Approaches should be directed to preventive caries control strategies among children.

Clinical significance
Preventing and controlling the development of ECC among children is important to maintain effective eating, speech development, and formation of a positive self-image.

How to cite this article
Alazmah A. Early Childhood Caries: A Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):732-737.
Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab: The Impact of Needle Size in Intraocular Pressure and Pain
Authors: Loureiro Mónica , Matos Rita , Sepulveda Paula , Meira Dália 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the effect of 30-gauge vs 27-gauge needle size on intraocular pressure (IOP) rise and patients’ pain experience after intravitreal injection (IVI) of bevacizumab.

Materials and methods
Cross-sectional, randomized, double-armed study. Patients were randomized to IVI with 30-gauge or 27-gauge needle. The IOP was measured pre and post IVI. Patients’ pain was graded using the visual analog scale (VAS).

Results
A total of 54 eyes were included. The IVI caused a significant IOP rise in both groups (p < 0.001). In the 30-gauge group, the mean pre- and postinjection IOP was 16.3 ± 3.6 mm Hg and 24.1 ± 9.0 mm Hg. The corresponding figures in the 27-gauge group were 18.0 ± 2.54 (p = 0.26) and 23.1 ± 7.5 mm Hg (p = 0.66). In the 30-gauge group, the mean VAS pain score was 3.2 ± 2.6 compared to 3.0 ± 2.5 in the 27-gauge group (p = 0.78).

Conclusion
The IVI caused a significant rise in IOP after the injection, independently of the needle size used. The 27-gauge needle coursed with lower postinjection IOP without prejudice of the patient comfort.

Clinical significance
The IVI with 27-gauge may be considered for glaucomatous eyes (higher risk eyes), for which IOP spikes are not recommended.

How to cite this article
Loureiro M, Matos R, Sepulveda P, Meira D. Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab: The Impact of Needle Size in Intraocular Pressure and Pain. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(2):38-41.
Neovascular Glaucoma: A Retrospective Review from a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Mexico
Authors: Lazcano-Gomez Gabriel , Soohoo Jeffrey R , Lynch Anne , Bonell Levi N , Martinez Karina , Turati Mauricio , Gonzalez-Salinas Roberto , Jimenez-Roman Jesus , Kahook Malik Y 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To describe the demographic characteristics, ocular comorbidities, and clinical outcomes of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and to determine the number of patients who returned for a follow-up eye examination.

Materials and methods
We examined the clinical data of patients with NVG, who attended a glaucoma clinic between July 2010 and November 2014. We collected information on the demographic characteristics of the patients to include the level of education, ocular comorbidities, NVG stage, visual acuity, glaucoma medications, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the number of patients who had a follow-up ocular examination at month 1, 3, 6, and 12.

Results
Data from 350 patients (473 eyes) with NVG were collected. We found 91% of the cohort had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We found blindness in both or one eye in 14% and 31% of the cohort respectively. Low vision was found in both or one eye in 14% and 32% of the eyes respectively. By 6 months follow-up, only 32% of the patients were seen at our clinic and by 12 months follow-up, this number decreased to 15%. Around 60% of the patients were on no IOP lowering drugs at the first visit. We found 53% of the cohort had an incomplete elementary school education.

Conclusion
The results suggest that advanced NVG is a significant ocular problem for patients referred to our clinic with just over half of the patients presenting as blind. We also found that several socioeconomic factors that had an important role in the development of PDR and NVG, specifically, educational status.

Clinical significance
We described the characteristics of a large cohort of patients with very advanced NVG, reflecting the fact that the strict control of the underlying disease must be the main goal of the Mexican national health system.

How to cite this article
Lazcano-Gomez G, Soohoo JR, Lynch A, Bonell LN, Martinez K, Turati M, Gonzalez-Salinas R, Jimenez-Roman J, Kahook MY. Neovascular Glaucoma: A Retrospective Review from a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Mexico. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(2):48-51.