bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of rapamycin in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mitophagy in podocytes
Authors: Yu Shengyou , Zhu Weixue , Yu Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the role of rapamycin in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mitophagy in podocytes and the role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mouse glomerular podocytes. For this purpose, podocytes were cultured with rapamycin and observed using microscopy. The apoptosis rate of podocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. The autophagy-related proteins VDAC1, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 were detected, and mitochondrial autophagosomes were observed via transmission electron microscopy. In the present study, we demonstrated that the number of podocytes treated with rapamycin was significantly reduced. Compared with those in the control group, the apoptosis rate of podocytes and the degree of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization were significantly higher. We also found the expression levels of VDAC1, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 were significantly increased. In the rapamycin-treated group, the numbers of swollen mitochondria and mitochondrial autophagosomes were significantly higher. Finally, we showed that rapamycin can upregulate the expression of VDAC1, PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 in glomerular podocytes, which is correlated with mitophagy. VDAC1 is involved in mitophagy and is related to the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, serving as an indicator of mitophagy in podocytes.
The Universe of Germany’s Foreign Trade Prior to World War I
Authors: Hungerland Wolf-Fabian , Wolf Nikolaus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a new disaggregated dataset on Germany’s exports and imports from 1880 to 1913. The data covers trade in both quantity and value at the product level. It thus comprises the universe of the data in terms of products and trade partners, at annual frequency. To ensure comparability over time and to data from other countries, the historical product categories are re-classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, Rev. 2 and Rev. 4). Moreover, we integrate Hamburg and Bremen into the German trade statistics – two important port cities, which were not covered by the major German trade records until 1888. We describe the new data in terms of five stylized facts and make suggestions for its use in research.
Properties of polyphenylene sulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites: a comparison between compression molding and microinjection molding
Authors: Zhou Shengtai , Lei Xue , Zhao Zhongguo , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work comparatively studied the electrical, morphological, and thermal properties of polyphenylene sulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PPS/CNT) composites prepared by compression molding (CM) and microinjection molding (μIM), respectively. The subsequent samples were termed as CM composites and microparts, respectively. Results revealed that the electrical conductivity of PPS/CNT microparts was lower than that of CM PPS/CNT composites, which was ascribed to the difference in shearing which affected microstructural evolution. In addition, SEM observations revealed that the distribution of CNTs became better in the PPS/CNT microparts, which was related to the prevailing higher shearing effect in μIM. The tensile strength of PPS/CNT microparts dropped for filler concentrations ≤2 wt% and it started to increase after reaching 10 wt%; in comparison with the PPS/CNT microparts, the tensile strength of CM PPS/CNT samples exhibited an opposite trend when the filler concentration was ≤3 wt%. After that, the tensile strength showed a monotonic increase with increasing CNT concentration. Both the uniform distribution of CNT and increase of crystallinity were crucial to improving the tensile strength of PPS/CNT moldings. This work showed that PPS/CNT moldings with good electrical conductivity and mechanical performance can be molded at relatively high filler concentrations, which is critical for applications in demanding engineering sectors.
Linguistic variation in urban vernaculars and rural and urban youth language in South Africa
Authors: Hurst-Harosh Ellen , Goxo Thandiwe Ida 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article describes and attempts to differentiate varieties of spoken isiXhosa in South Africa – including variations of the isiXhosa-based stylect commonly referred to as Tsotsitaal (plural tsotsitaals), and the urban vernacular form of isiXhosa. The article introduces some new Tsotsitaal data from a rural context and unpacks whether a comparison with both standard and urban forms of isiXhosa is a useful analysis, and whether we can look at these different practices as varieties, or alternatively as a continuum of isiXhosa. The comparison highlights what may be features of the lexicon and morphosyntax of isiXhosa-based tsotsitaals compared to urban and standard isiXhosa, and points to possible differences between rural and urban tsotsitaals. Ultimately, the article concludes that the inherent variability in stylistic practice within youth and urban varieties demands larger datasets if we are to argue that different varieties are at play, rather than simply stylistic variation in interactional contexts.
Anomalous reflection for highly efficient subwavelength light concentration and extraction with photonic funnels
Authors: LaMountain Jacob , Raju Amogh , Wasserman Daniel , Podolskiy Viktor A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Photonic funnels, microscale conical waveguides that have been recently realized in the mid-IR spectral range with the help of an all-semiconductor designer metal material platform, are promising devices for efficient coupling of light between the nanoscales and macroscales. Previous analyses of photonic funnels have focused on structures with highly conductive claddings. Here, we analyze the performance of funnels with and without cladding, as a function of material properties, operating wavelength, and geometry. We demonstrate that bare (cladding-free) funnels enable orders-of-magnitude higher enhancement of local intensity than their clad counterparts, with virtually no loss of confinement, and relate this phenomenon to anomalous reflection of light at the anisotropic material–air interface. Intensity enhancement of the order of 25, with confinement of light to wavelength/20 scale, is demonstrated. Efficient extraction of light from nanoscale areas is predicted.
On chip control and detection of complex SPP and waveguide modes based on plasmonic interconnect circuits
Authors: Zhang Canran , Xu Yijing , Tao Hui , Wang Pan , Cui Yunkang , Wang Qilong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Optical interconnects, leveraging surface plasmon modes, are revolutionizing high-performance computing and AI, overcoming the limitations of electrical interconnects in speed, energy efficiency, and miniaturization. These nanoscale photonic circuits integrate on-chip light manipulation and signal conversion, marking significant advancements in optoelectronics and data processing efficiency. Here, we present a novel plasmonic interconnect circuit, by introducing refractive index matching layer, the device supports both pure SPP and different hybrid modes, allowing selective excitation and transmission based on light wavelength and polarization, followed by photocurrent conversion. We optimized the coupling gratings to fine-tune transmission modes around specific near-infrared wavelengths for effective electrical detection. Simulation results align with experimental data, confirming the device’s ability to detect complex optical modes. This advancement broadens the applications of plasmonic interconnects in high-speed, compact optoelectronic and sensor technologies, enabling more versatile nanoscale optical signal processing and transmission.
Granhammar Man: axed down and thrown into the sea in Late Bronze Age Uppland, Sweden
Authors: Lindström Jonathan , Borrman Hélène , Kitzler Åhfeldt Laila , Kjellström Anna , Lidén Kerstin , Rundkvist Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 1953 a human skeleton and a set of tools made from antler, bone, bronze, stone and wood was found embedded in marine clay under a former inlet of Lake Mälaren at Granhammar in Västra Ryd parish, Uppland province, Sweden. Andreas Oldeberg and Nils-Gustaf Gejvall published the find in 1959, and for half a century it did not see continued study.
This paper reports on a comprehensive series of re-studies and laboratory analyses of the skeleton and the artefact finds. Among the results are an unambiguous date by multiple methods in the late 800s cal BC, i. e. late Period V in Montelius’ chronology. Inferences are made about the individual’s geographical origin, diet and main occupation. Comparisons are made with the victims of mass violence from Tollense Valley in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
In a time and place where almost every dead person was cremated and no human remains were buried under anything but the strictest ritualised circumstances, Granhammar Man offers something unique and valuable. He was killed in combat far from home and sank to the sea floor with his leather-working equipment.
Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete: Vegetal and Metalized Plastic Waste Fiber Synergy and Pull-Out Behavior
Authors: Chakhari Maher , Salem Nawel , Neji Jamel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Using one or more fibers in concrete is called “hybridization.” Although single-fiber concrete offers excellent performance, concrete reinforced with hybrid fibers gains speed as the synergy between the fibers results in amplified performance. This experimental work reflects the effects of incorporating 1, 2, and 3 % untreated singular and hybrid fibers on the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete (LC) at 3, 28, and 90 days. Six mixture types were used: control LC, LC containing metalized plastic waste fibers (MPWFs), LC containing date palm fibers (DPFs), LC containing sisal fibers (SFs), LC with MPWFs and DPFs (Hybrid A), and LC with MPWFs and SFs (Hybrid B). In the fresh state, fiber introduction affected all mixes’ workability and wet density, and the reduction in slump and wet density was proportional to the fiber dose. However, in the hardened state, the results indicate that compressive strength (CS) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) decreased for LC containing only plastic or SFs. However, these properties increased slightly over the long term for blends containing 1 % DPF. Excepting mixtures containing MPWFs, fiber introduction improved flexural strength (FS) for all blends containing 1 % and 2 % fibers at 28 and 90 days. The most significant gains in FS were 8 % and 4 % at 28 and 90 days, respectively, for samples containing 1 % DPF. Nevertheless, fiber hybridization improved these mechanical properties and created a positive synergy in long-term bending. At 1 % fiber dosage, CS, MOE, and FS increased respectively by 3.05, 3.10, and 8 % for Hybrid A compared with the control LC. Pull-out testing provides the best means to understand typical failure modes and assess maximum tensile strength. Consequently, microstructural analysis enabled us to examine the bonding quality at the fiber-matrix interface.
WIDEBAND ABSORBANCE PATTERNS IN ADULTS WITH CENTRAL AND MARGINAL TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PERFORATION
Authors: Ashokganesh Sairaman Thangam , Barman Animesh , Karuppannan Arunraj 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the impact of central and marginal tympanic membrane perforations (TMP) on wideband absorbance (WBA) and compare it with normal ears.Material and methodsThree groups of individuals, aged 18 to 50 years: Group I with central TMP (<i>n</i> = 65), Group II with marginal TMP (<i>n</i> = 13), and Group III with normal middle ears (<i>n</i> = 20) were considered. WBA measurements were performed at peak and ambient pressure conditions across frequencies.ResultsSignificant differences in WBA were observed between the groups with central and marginal TMP and the normal ear group across all frequencies. Central TMP exhibited decreased absorbance at low frequencies and increased absorbance at high frequencies, peaking at 5000 Hz. Marginal TMP showed peaks at 600, 4000, and 6000 Hz with decreased absorbance at 2000 Hz. Central TMP exhibited lower absorbance than marginal TMP at lower frequencies, while marginal TMP showed decreased absorbance at mid and high frequencies.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role of WBA in differentiating normal ears from those with TMP. Understanding TM vibration patterns and frequency-dependent variations in absorbance enhances diagnostic accuracy and clinical management.
The influence of rehabilitation on the quality of life after radical treatment of endometrial cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Sandzhieva L. N. , Galkin V. N. , Blinov D. V. , Solopova A. G. 
Published: September 2024

Background. Gynecological cancers in women are a widespread type of oncology. Among them, endometrial cancer (EC) is often highlighted as one of the most common diseases in this group. The analysis of publications showed insufficient effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with EC and recurrent atypical endometrial hyperplasia (rAEH).Objective: to compare the state of patients with rAEH or EC after hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, depending on the recovery tactics.Material and methods. The study included 119 patients diagnosed with rAEH (n=58) or stage IA EC (n=61) after hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The group of women with rAEH was divided into two subgroups: 1A (“active” rehabilitation, n=27) and 1B (“passive” rehabilitation, n=31); two subgroups were also formed from the cohort of EC patients: 2A (“active” rehabilitation, n=29) and 2B (“passive” rehabilitation, n=32). “Active’ rehabilitation included a comprehensive, personalized program, “passive” one was based on standard rehabilitation protocols. Apart from standard clinical examination of patients, their quality of life (QoL), physical condition as well as the levels of cytokines and other biochemical blood parameters were assessed.Results. An analysis of the overall picture showed a high incidence of rAEH or EC in women aged 40–49 years. Comorbid pathologies, low QoL level and a number of significant changes in laboratory parameters were often observed. Regardless of the approach to rehabilitation, the patients' health improved over the course of 12 months. “Active” rehabilitation significantly improved psychological well-being, sexual function, overall QoL and a number of other objective health indicators of patients with rAEH or EC compared to standard rehabilitation course.Conclusion. The overall picture of rAEH or EC patients was presented, the main factors that reduce QoL in women with these diseases were identified. A system of integral QoL assessment in patients with rAEH or stage IA EC was developed including subjective and objective parameters obtained during general clinical examination, laboratory tests and analysis of questionnairing results, which should be used to adequately monitor the state of patients after surgery and the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The advantage of comprehensive rehabilitation over standard protocols in terms of efficiency and speed of recovery was shown.
The role of epigenetics in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with malignant neoplasms
Authors: Vlasina A. Yu. , Begovich E. 
Published: September 2024

Background. Epigenetics is a branch of genetics that studies the influence of external factors on gene expression. Many studies have shown the role of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in gene expression, including patients with cancer. Despite the clear prospects of using the principles and methods of epigenetics in the diagnosis, treatment and recovery, the implementation of this new technology remains at a relatively low level.Objective: to determine the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the diagnosis, outcome prognosis and rehabilitation of patients with oncological diseases.Material and methods. The search for publications was performed in scientific databases and electronic libraries: PubMed/ MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Schoolar, eLibrary. The review included 79 articles on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients.Results. DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and microRNA regulation are the most studied epigenetic changes (EGC) in cancer patients. Liquid biopsy is alternative approach to the detection of epigenetic biomarkers. A number of biomarkers were identified that make it possible to diagnose oncological diseases, e.g. lung cancer and breast cancer, and predict their course. Some EGC were assosiated with the implementation of rehabilitation measures, such as nutritional support, physical activity, maintaining circadian rhythms and acupuncture.Conslusion. The analysis of publications confirmed the significant importance of EGC on the development of malignant neoplasms. The results indicated a sufficient number of studies dedicated to EGC biomarkers as new diagnostic tools and predicting the oncological disease outcome. But there is an insufficient number of studies on EGC mechanisms in rehabilitation. Further investigation on epigenetic mechanisms of variability will allow making significant progress in the development of targeted drugs and personalized rehabilitation of patients with malignant neoplasms.
Rehabilitation of oncological patients: a comparative analysis of clinical guidelines for managing oncological patients with renal parenchyma cancer, bladder cancer and female cancer in Russia, Europe, and USA
Authors: Petrenko D. A. , Aleksandrov A. G. 
Published: September 2024

Backround. Current medicine pays significant attention to an integrated approach in managing cancer patients, from the stage of diagnosis to rehabilitation. Sections on rehabilitation have been added to respective guidelines to maintain the proper quality of life of patients and standardization of clinical protocols. Due to the different levels of medicine in Europe, Russia and USA, it is important to analyze guidelines for supporting oncological patients at the rehabilitation stage.Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of guidelines for managing cancer patients.Material and methods. The search and selection of publications were performed according to PRISMA recommendations. In scientific databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, eLibrary as well as via search engines and the Rubricator of Clinical Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 725 sources were found. After the selection procedure, 30 publications and guidelines were included in the review.Results. Rehabilitation programs are presented in many Russian, American and European guidelines for the support of cancer patients. In Russian guidelines for managing patients with renal parenchyma and bladder cancer, a significant emphasis is made on the pre-rehabilitation and using fast-track approach. A lot of attention is paid to therapeutic physical culture and instrumental methods. American and European guidelines are more detailed, in particular, protocols for the correction of certain adverse events are presented, psychological assistance and complex rehabilitation play an essential role. The absence of specialized rehabilitation program in Russian clinical guidelines for supporting oncogynecological patients, and universal character of protocols were noted. According to foreign guidelines, the rehabilitation of such patients is multidisciplinary and personalized, and is carried out in specialized centers.Conclusion. The review showed a number of deficiencies in Russian clinical guidelines. In certain documents, due attention is not paid to the provision of rehabilitation. It’s necessary to expand multidisciplinary approach in cancer patients' rehabilitation as well as the evidence base to improve Russian guidelines.
Methods for assessing quality of life in cancer
Authors: Petrenko D. A. , Korabelnikov D. I. 
Published: September 2024

Background. The problem of a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL) of oncological patients remains relevant despite current achievements in medicine. The issue of standardizing methods for assessing QoL in such patients is relatively acute. Patients undergo this assessment from the diagnostic stage to the end of rehabilitation, so it’s important to choose an accurate and precise method for QoL evaluation.Objective: to analyze existing questionnaire-based methods for assessing QoL in cancer patients.Material and methods. The search for publications was conducted in the scientific databases PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and eLibrary. Additionally, the sources found by queries in Yandex and Google search engines by each researcher individually were considered. The review included 38 articles.Results. The vast majority of questionnaires used to assess QoL in oncological patients can be divided into two large groups: based on QLQ-C30 and FACT-G. Despite the similarity between QLQ-C30 and FACT-G questionnaires, some shift in their focus was shown. QLQ-C30 is more oriented on physical indicators, and FACT-G is more aimed at social and emotional well-being. Besides them, questionnaires that proved to identify and monitor individual groups of symptoms and syndromes were presented: FSFI, HADS and Russian questionnaire on well-being, activity, mood.Conclusion. The obtained results indicated a fairly wide choice of questionnaires for the overall assessment of QoL and its individual elements. They include both proven screening and monitoring tools and those requiring validation and expansion of the evidence base. Due to high effectiveness of questionnaires as QoL screening and monitoring tools, further work is needed to ensure that they are widely included in clinical guidelines.