bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aigulak Focal Area as a Result of the Impact of the 2003 Chuya Earthquake on Gorny Altai
Authors: Emanov A.F. , Emanov A.A. , Novikov I.S. , Gladyshev E.A. , Fateev A.V. , Polyansky P.O. , Shevkunova E.V. , Ershov R.A. , Arapov V.V. , Krivov A.A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
—Years after the Chuya earthquake of 2003, geological structures adjacent to the focal area of the Chuya earthquake are still seismically active. The Aigulak focal area is one of them, but energetically the most pronounced. Detailed studies have been carried out with the network of stations of the Altai seismological testing site, supplemented by temporary stations. The region activated in the form of a local and compact structure measuring 10 × 10 km with focal depths from the first 100 m to 20 km. The focal area is not a subsequent activation along the same fault with the Chuya earthquake, but is located on a subparallel fault in the nodal region with its branching into three faults. The seismic activation of the Aigulak focal area is not an aftershock process after a major earthquake, but is an activated structure with a dynamically changing seismic process. An intensive process has formed since the earthquake in 2012 with ML = 6.1 with a gradual decrease in the number of earthquakes, and in 2019 the Aigulak earthquake with ML = 5.5 occurred with a very strong aftershock process after it. Our results of an area study of earthquake density in the focal zone indicate a change in the regime over time: from chaotic to self-organizing along short faults. We conclude that the focal area has not reached the maximum level of seismic energy release.
Zircon as an Indicator of Magmatic-Hydrothermal Transition in the Evolution of Rare Metal Pegmatite (using the example of the Kolmozero and Polmostundra lithium deposits, Kola Peninsula, Russia)
Authors: Levashova E.V. , Zozulya D.R. , Morozova L.N. , Skublov S.G. , Serov P.A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
—This paper describes a detailed mineralogical and geochemical study (using electron probe microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry) of zircon from rare metal pegmatites of the Polmostundra and Kolmozero lithium deposits (Kola Peninsula, Arctic zone, Russia). The zircons studied here have several distinguishing features. Firstly, anomalously high lithium content (up to 327 ppm Li according to secondary ion mass spectrometry data). Secondly, high hafnium content (up to 39.21 wt.% of HfO2 according to electron probe microanalysis data). Thirdly, low Zr/Hf ratios (from 0.74 to 4.70). Fourthly, high content of volatile components (up to 5.98 wt.% of H2O, up to 0.65 wt.% of F, and up to 0.12 wt.% of Cl according to secondary ion mass spectrometry data). Finally, higher content of impurity elements, the main of which are Th, Ta, U, Nb, Ca, and P. It is revealed by the results obtained that the rare metal specificity of the composition of highly fractionated pegmatite melts of the Polmostundra and Kolmozero deposits, from which zircons crystallized, are the key indicator of the high degree of its fluid saturation. The extremely low values of the Zr/Hf ratio for zircons can be explained by the combined influence of fractionation of the initial granitic melt with the accumulation of Li in the residual melt at the final stage of the evolution of pegmatites and the role of fluids saturated with volatile elements. Zircon crystallization occurred at the magmatic stage of pegmatite formation, and zircon alterations occurred at the hydrothermal stage. The nature of the rare earth element distribution in zircons from the Polmostundra and Kolmozero deposits indicates that the formation of the central zones and margins of grains took place during the magmatic and the hydrothermal stage, respectively.
Predictors and Prognosis of Complete Atrioventricular Block in Patients with Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Yi Dong , Liu Li , Yan Pengfei , Xu Chengyi , Liu Daoquan , Song Dan , Yan Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) in patients with acute myocarditis (AM) is rare and severe, with poor prognosis. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and explore predictors of CAVB in patients with AM. We identified patients diagnosed with AM at our hospital from January 2016 to December 2022 and compared the clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and clinical outcomes of these patients with and without CAVB. We also explored predictors of CAVB in AM patients using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 119 patients were diagnosed with AM, of which 15 (12.6%) were complicated by CAVB. There were no significant differences in most clinical characteristics between the two groups. Patients with CAVB were associated with more negative clinical outcomes and longer hospital stay compared with AM patients without CAVB, but all-cause mortality was similar between the two groups (p = 0.214). Preadmission loss of consciousness (LOC), right bundle branch block (RBBB), and admission serum lactate levels were independently associated with significant odds of developing CAVB (OR = 52.178, 66.177 and 2.886, respectively). The sensitivity was 93.3% and specificity was 75% in predicting the development of CAVB with combination of these three factors. AM patients complicated by CAVB have poorer clinical outcomes and a longer hospital stays. Preadmission LOC, RBBB, and admission serum lactate levels can independently predict the occurrence of CAVB in AM patients with high sensitivity and specificity.
Generalized tetanus complicated with Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy in a septuagenarian following a laceration injury with soil contamination – a case report
Authors: Bandapaati Sareesh , Islam Mazharul , Memon Usman , Navinan Rayno 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Tetanus is a clinical rarity due to the successful globally adopted childhood vaccination programme. The rising elderly population in the United Kingdom creates a subset of individuals whom are prone to develop Tetanus as they preceded this vaccination drive.
Case summary
A 76 year old Caucasian lady presented with a soil contaminated laceration injury on her knee following a fall. Though she received urgent assessment and wound care, the relevance of the injury in the backdrop of her age was not appreciated and her tetanus post exposure prophylaxis was overlooked. She readmitted seeking further management 1 week later with an infected wound with Trismus and clinical features favoring Generalized tetanus. During her stay she developed Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy with congestive cardiac failure and required prolonged care in the intensive unit with mechanical ventilation and rehabilitation before being discharged home.
Conclusion
First contact physicians should have a greater appreciation of the types of injuries and at-risk individuals who are more prone to develop tetanus upon exposure to ensure early and appropriate identification. There should be greater situational awareness with regard to the elderly in view of their heightened risk of development of tetanus specially those born before vaccination drive . Knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis measures for tetanus should be regularly updated using local guidance to ensure awareness, so as to despite its rarity Tetanus remains an adequately appreciated disease
Non-linear Relationship Between Arteriosclerosis Index and Diabetes Risk in Non-obese Adults: Evidence from the Large Cohort Study in Asian Countries
Authors: Cao Jun , Liu Jitong , Yu Ke , Huang Zhenhua , Lv Shunrong , Zeng Wenfei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between the arteriosclerosis index (AI) and future diabetes risk. However, evidence in non-obese populations is limited. This study investigates the AI’s relationship with future diabetes risk in non-obese Asian adults. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 95,402 non-obese adults from China and Japan. Participants had a mean age of 42.92 ± 12.24 years, with 51,295 (53.77%) being male. Median follow-up was 3.01 years. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between baseline AI and diabetes risk. Non-linear associations were explored using cubic splines and smoothed curves in Cox models. Sensitivity analyses were performed. After adjusting for covariates, a positive correlation was found between AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15, P = 0.0017). A non-linear relationship was identified, with an inflection point at 1.47. Below this point, HR was 5.87 (95% CI: 1.20-28.63, P = 0.0287); above, it was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02–1.13, P = 0.0115). Sensitivity analyses affirmed the robustness of these results.This study identifies a positive, non-linear association between the AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults. Interventions targeting AI reduction could significantly lower the risk of future diabetes in this population.
People-Centered Metrics to Support HIV Service Delivery: Perceptions of Clients and Providers in Tete Province, Mozambique
Authors: Srih Shipra B , Insanally Sarah , Molla Yordanos , Haile Mignote , Fenn Melinda , Mungurere-Baker Josephine , Mompe Atlang , Scholl Ana Djapovic , Harris Emily 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Achieving the global HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 targets requires monitoring clinical outcomes as well as the experience of people living with HIV (PLHIV). A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with program staff, providers, PLHIV and PLHIV advocates at two government HIV clinics in Tete Province, Mozambique. The purpose was to explore how newly developed, people-centered outcome metrics for HIV could be used in monitoring and improving the management and provision of care. Focus group discussions and 40 semi-structured interviews explored respondents’ perceptions of the acceptability, feasibility, integrability and relevance of the indicators. Respondents noted the importance of issues raised by these indicators—such as physical symptoms, mental and emotional problems, discrimination, lack of family support, financial burden, and satisfaction with HIV services—for improving the patient experience and health outcomes. PLHIV generally said they would share information on these issues with their clinician if asked, especially if it would help improve their care. Program staff and providers shared ideas about how they might use data on these issues to improve delivery of care, though they recognized that the capacity of program staff and existing clinic systems to address the broad range of individual and social issues recorded by these metrics was a major challenge. Results of this study point to the importance of continuing to pursue efforts to examine how integration of one or more of the people-centered metrics in routine HIV care and monitoring could lead to improved clinical outcomes and client quality of life.
Integrating Automated Writing Evaluation into EFL Writing Practice
Authors: ALSHEHRI MONA 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has positively impacted the development of writing skills, particularly automated writing evaluation (AWE). This study investigates the integration of AWE systems into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing for EFL university students. The study examines the experiences, evaluation, challenges and satisfaction of students. A mixed-methods design was employed with two stages, involving 154 EFL Arabic-speaking undergraduate students at a Saudi university. Data were collected using an online questionnaire in the first stage, semi-structured interviews, and samples of their EFL writing assignments before and after using AWE combined with reflective notes. The findings revealed that participants had little experience using AWE systems. However, they evaluated the usability and usefulness of AWE systems positively, noting that AWE improved their EFL lower-level writing skills, critical thinking, and autonomy while practising EFL writing. The results also showed that students using AWE did not face notable challenges regarding overreliance or cognitive overload and were highly satisfied with the system. The study further showed that using AWE enhanced self-evaluation, lifelong learning, and motivation to write in English. Finally, the study makes several recommendations to improve the policy and practice of EFL writing for policymakers, teachers, and researchers.
Role of galectin-3 in enhancing HBV replication and predicting hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanistic insights and clinical implications
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zeng Qingmin , Wu Dongbo , Tang Hong , Zhou Taoyou 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy globally, often associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding protein, has been implicated in liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of Gal-3 in HBV replication and hepatic inflammation and evaluate its potential as an early diagnostic biomarker for HCC.
Methods
An HBV replication model was established in HepG2 cells. The impact of Gal-3 on HBV DNA replication and the expressions of HBsAg and HBeAg were analyzed using quantitative PCR and ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the influence of Gal-3 on inflammatory signaling pathways. Serum levels of Gal-3 in patients with various liver diseases were measured by ELISA, and their correlation with liver inflammation markers was evaluated.
Results
In the HBV-replicating HepG2 cells, Gal-3 overexpression significantly increased HBV DNA replication, HBsAg, and HBeAg expression, while knockdown had the opposite effect. Gal-3 was involved in the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathway proteins, including NF-κB-p65, IL-1β, NLRP3, and caspase-1. Analysis of serum samples from patients revealed that Gal-3 levels were significantly elevated in various liver diseases compared to the control group, and there was a linear correlation between Gal-3 expression and clinical markers such as ALT, AST, and ALP. A diagnostic model incorporating Gal-3 and WBC was established, demonstrating superior predictive capability for HCC compared to AFP.
Conclusion
Gal-3 plays a crucial role in HBV replication and hepatic inflammation and its serum levels are closely associated with the severity of liver diseases. Moreover, Gal-3 shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker for early detection of HCC. Further research is needed to validate Gal-3's diagnostic potential and explore its suitability as a therapeutic target.
Hydrogen peroxide mediates melatonin-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings
Authors: Meng Linghao , Feng Yiqing , Zhao Meng , Jang Tingting , Bi Huangai , Ai Xizhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Melatonin (MT) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are important endogenous signaling molecules that play multifaceted roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the interactive mechanism by which MT and H2O2 regulate chilling tolerance remains unclear. Here we found that MT exhibited a positive regulatory effect on the chilling tolerance of cucumbers, with an optimum concentration of 100 µM. MT markedly enhanced RBOH1 mRNA expression, activity and endogenous H2O2 accumulation in cucumber seedlings. However, 1.0 mM H2O2 had no significant effect on mRNA levels of TDC and ASMT, the key genes for MT synthesis, and endogenous MT content. Both MT and H2O2 significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) and chilling injury index (CI) by activating the antioxidant system, thereby alleviating chilling damage in cucumber seedlings. MT and H2O2 improved photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which was primarily attributed to an increase in activity, mRNA expression, and protein levels of RuBPCase and RCA. Meanwhile, MT and H2O2 induced the photoprotection for both PSII and PSI by enhancing the QA’s electron transport capacity and elevating protein levels of the photosystems. Moreover, MT and H2O2 significantly upregulated the expression of cold response genes. MT-induced chilling tolerance was attenuated by N’, N’-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a H2O2 specific scavenger. Whereas, the MT synthesis inhibitor (p-chlorophenylalanine, p-CPA) did not influence H2O2-induced chilling tolerance. The positive regulation of MT on the antioxidant system, photosynthesis and cold response gene levels were significantly attenuated in RBOH1-RNAi plants compared with WT plants. These findings suggest that H2O2 may functions as a downstream signaling molecule in MT-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber plants.
The γ-secretase catalytic subunit PSEN1, regulated by YY1, promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via the Notch1/EGFR pathway
Authors: Song Congkuan , Gao Minglang , He Ruyuan , Liu Yi , Wang Wenjie , Fu Tinglv , Li Boyang , Li Ning , Geng Qing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Backgroud: Serving as a pivotal catalytic component of the γ-secretase, PSEN1 is recognized for its significant influence on the initiation and advancement of tumors. Nevertheless, the specific function and the fundamental mechanisms by which PSEN1 contributes to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the role and regulation mechanism of PSEN1 in LUAD.
Methods: The expression of PSEN1 in LUAD tissues and cells was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were used to investigate the effects of PSEN1 on LUAD progression. Bioinformatics analysis were used to initially identify the upstream transcription factors of PSEN1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to validate the potential transcription factors of PSEN1 in LUAD.
Results: This study revealed distinct differential expression patterns of PSEN1 in different human tissues as well as in pan-cancer. PSEN1 is genetically altered in human cancers at a low frequency of about 1.2% and the genomic alteration is dominated by Missense Mutation, with the types varying according to the cancer type. And this genomic alteration does not affect the survival of cancer patients. Additionally, we found that PSEN1 was over-expressed in LUAD tumor tissues and associated with poor prognosis. PSEN1 promoted the malignant behaviors of LUAD both in vitro and in vivo. PSEN1 activated the Notch1/EGFR pathway and promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in LUAD. Moreover, YY1 can directly bind to the promoter of the PSEN1 to promote its transcription to accelerate the progression of LUAD.
Conclusions: Our findings clarify that the YY1/PSEN1/Notch1/EGFR axis is associated with LUAD progression, and may provide new promising therapeutic targets for LUAD therapy.
Efficacy and safety of Huatan Qushi Huoxue Fang granules on obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Liu Sutong , Zhao Qing , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Xuehua , Wang Tao , Li Fenping , Ye Miaoqing , Liu Minghao , Zhao Wenxia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is parallel to the increasing obesity rates around the world. Phlegm stasis syndrome is a common traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type of obese NAFLD, which is often treated by resolving phlegm, dispelling dampness, and promoting blood circulation. This study mainly explores the clinical efficacy and safety of Huatan Qushi Huoxue Fang (HTQSHXF) granules in the treatment of obese NAFLD.
Methods
This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that will recruit 248 obese NAFLD patients from three hospitals in China. Randomly allocate patients to either the HTQSHXF group or the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention phase lasts for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be the change in relative liver fat content from baseline to week 12 measured by Magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). The secondary outcomes will be Body fat percentage (BFR), Waist to hip ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI), Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), Liver tiffness value (LSM), serum liver function, blood lipids, blood glucose, Free fatty acids (FFA), Cytokeratin 18-M30 (CK18-M30), and Cytokeratin 18-M65 (CK18-M65). The results will be monitored at baseline and 12 weeks of intervention. Adverse events that occur in this study will be promptly managed and recorded.
Discussion
This study will use more recognized quantitative methods to explore the efficacy and safety of HTQSHXF granules in treating obese NAFLD, providing clinical evidence for its translational application.
Trial registration
http://www.chictr.org.cn . Trial number: ChiCTR2200060901. Registered on 14 Jun 2022.
Analysis of the dimensional changes in bone grafts after maxillary sinus augmentation procedure.
Authors: Saminsky Michael , Peretz Dor , Slutzkey Gil , Raz Perry , Beitlitum Ilan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
During sinus augmentation, various bone graft substitutes and/or their combination are used. They have varying rates of remodeling and cause different volume changes in the grafted material. This study aimed to investigate the potential time-dependent dimensional changes in graft materials of xenografts and allografts placed using the layering technique, (xenograft placed close to the sinus membrane, while the bone allograft fills the remaining sinus cavity) following a maxillary sinus elevation procedure.
Methods
CBCT records were available for 16 patients referred for contralateral sinus augmentation and implant placement. In these cases, additional CBCT performed prior to the procedure revealed graft dimensional changes. Linear measurements of the augmented bone grafts were performed at three identical locations at two-time points. Linear regression, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's and Spearman’s correlations were used for statistical analysis. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
There was no statistically significant variation in the rate of dimensional change across the different evaluated locations in the augmented graft (p = 0.816). At the peak of augmentation, each additional month corresponded to a decrease of 1.556 mm2 (95% CI, -2.723 to -0.388) in the bone dimensions. The changes of the amount of bone filler material above the implant was related to gender (t= -2.167, p = 0.049) and implant diameter (t = 3.251, p = 0.012).
Conclusions
The combination of xenografts and allografts in maxillary sinus augmentation, applying layer technique, underwent dimensional changes over time and amounted to a 1.5mm2 reduction per month. More residual bone was observed among female patients and wider implant diameters.