bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery calcification detected on low‐dose computed tomography in high‐risk participants of an Australian lung cancer screening program: A prospective observational study
Authors: Bonney Asha , Chua Michelle , McCusker Mark W. , Pascoe Diane , Joshi Subodh B. , Steinfort Daniel , Marshall Henry , Silver Jeremy D. , Xie Cheng , Yang Sally , Watson Jack , Fogarty Paul , Stone Emily , Brims Fraser , McWilliams Annette , Hu XinXin , Rofe Christopher , Milner Brad , Lam Stephen , Fong Kwun M. , Manser Renee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCoronary artery calcification (CAC) is a frequent additional finding on lung cancer screening (LCS) low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in LCS participants. We aimed to describe prevalence of incidental CAC detected on LDCT in LCS participants without prior history of coronary artery disease (CAD), evaluate their CVD risk and describe subsequent investigation and management.MethodsProspective observational nested cohort study including all participants enrolled at a single Australian site of the International Lung Screen Trial. Baseline LDCTs were reviewed for CAC, and subsequent information collected regarding cardiovascular health. 5‐year CVD risk was calculated using the AusCVD risk calculator.Results55% (226/408) of participants had CAC on LDCT and no prior history of CAD, including 23% with moderate–severe CAC. Mean age of participants with CAC was 65 years, 68% were male. 53% were currently smoking. Majority were high risk (51%) or intermediate risk (32%) of a cardiovascular event in 5 years. 21% of participants were re‐stratified to a higher CVD risk group when CAC detected on LCS was incorporated. Only 10% of participants with CAC received lifestyle advice (only 3% currently smoking received smoking cessation advice). 80% of participants at high‐risk did not meet guideline recommendations, with 47% of this group remaining without cholesterol lowering therapy.ConclusionLCS with LDCT offers the potential to identify and communicate CVD risk in this population. This may improve health outcomes for high‐risk LCS participants and further personalize management once screening results are known.
Effects of Occupational and Leisure‐Time Physical Activity on the Risk of Dementia: Results From the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Nabe‐Nielsen K. , Garde A. H. , Gyntelberg F. , Hansen Å. M. , Prescott E. , Laursen P. , Holtermann A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLeisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) decreases the risk of dementia, whereas occupational physical activity (OPA) possibly increases the risk. Yet, previous findings are mixed. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of LTPA and OPA, respectively, on dementia among men and women. In this observational, longitudinal study, we used data from the second wave of a population‐based cohort from the municipality of Copenhagen as baseline. Data were collected in 1981–1983, and 10 343 participants were followed until the end of 2016. LTPA and OPA were self‐reported, and information on dementia diagnoses and redemption of dementia medication was obtained at an individual level from national health registers. We used Poisson regression to analyze the association between LTPA/OPA and dementia and adjusted for self‐reported age, socioeconomic factors, stress, and cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and blood pressure). A higher level of LTPA was associated with a lower dementia risk among men, but we found no clear association among women. OPA and dementia were not associated among men, but occupationally active women who reported OPA in terms of walking, lifting, and heavy work had a higher risk of dementia than women with sedentary jobs. This study supported earlier findings of a protective effect of LTPA on dementia among men. Women in physically demanding jobs possibly have a higher risk of dementia, yet this finding warrants further investigation in future studies.
Comparative Efficacy of Acute Exercise Intervention on Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tian Jianing , Kong Qingtao , Yu Hongyan , Liu Peifeng , Shen Liqun , Luo Yan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAcute exercise is a promising non‐pharmacological therapy for alleviating anxiety. However, the effects of different types of acute exercise on anxiety in adolescents and young adults remain unclear. Therefore, our study aims to conduct a network meta‐analysis to compare the effectiveness of various exercise interventions in improving anxiety in adolescents and young adults. We conducted an online literature search in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO. The search was conducted from inception to March 1, 2023, and was limited to English‐language publications. Pairwise and network meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects models. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied to rate the certainty of evidence. A total of 33 studies involving 1121 participants were included. The network meta‐analysis results revealed that mind–body exercise was the most effective intervention for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults (SMD = −0.36, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.03, moderate certainty). Additionally, aerobic exercise (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI: −0.28, −0.03, high certainty) showed significant reduction in anxiety, while resistance exercise (SMD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.33, 0.14, moderate certainty) and multicomponent exercise (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.59, 0.57, moderate certainty) did not show significant reduction in anxiety. Moderate certainty evidence suggests that acute mind–body exercise may be the most effective type of exercise for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults. Future research should focus on conducting more multi‐arm randomized controlled trials to provide more direct evidence on the relative effectiveness of different exercise interventions.
Loss and autonomy: Making sense of rural life at the inner periphery
Authors: Pospěch Pavel , Klíma Ondřej , Hubatková Barbora 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe have studied how people make sense of their lives in peripheral rural regions. While there are disadvantages in terms of infrastructure, transportation and so forth, we have focused on the ways that people understand their specific position and how they feel about it. Using the tools of the Strong Programme in cultural sociology, we have identified two key discourses: the discourse of loss and the discourse of autonomy. Through the former, residents describe the decline of traditions, of rural community and, in particular, the vanishing ideal of rural childhood. Through the latter, they re‐frame these societal developments as problems of individuals. The dichotomy between individual autonomy and individual dependence is employed as a key cultural framework for explaining and understanding life in a peripheral rural region. The research is based on interviews with residents of small rural municipalities located at the inner periphery of the Czech Republic.
From Speech to Feed: How Parliamentary Debates Shape Party Agendas on Social Media‌
Authors: Poljak Željko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSocial media has become an increasingly important tool for parties to set issues on the political agenda. However, its rapid rise raises questions about the role of traditional venues such as parliaments. This study hypothesizes that parties strategically choose to initiate issues in parliamentary debates instead of on social media to establish dominance through real‐time discussions. Consequently, only after these issues are introduced and debated in parliament do parties use digital platforms like social media to reinforce them on the political agenda. Analyzing over 430,000 parliamentary speeches and 240,000 Facebook posts by parties in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, and the UK, from 2010 to 2022, the study reveals that issues discussed in parliamentary debates—primarily those raised by opposition parties—typically do not initially emerge on social media but only attract online attention after being introduced in parliament. These findings offer new insights into the strategic decisions of parties in agenda‐setting.
Where are the biggest gaps in phylogenetic coverage of insect diversity?
Authors: Chesters Douglas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGaps in phylogenetic knowledge are unlikely to be filled in an optimal manner in the absence of a quantitative descriptive framework of phylogenetic coverage to date and a strategy for addressing the remainder (the Darwinian Shortfall). One strategy would be modelling phylogenetic progress on a framework of insect diversity, such as a taxonomic database. I herein sampled existing phylogenetic coverage by collating a machine‐readable tree from each of 1000 insect publications. Processing comprised primarily taxonomic harmonization, the standardization of terminal labels and pruning of uninformative terminal sets such as taxon duplicates. The phylogeny database contained 94,173 unique species IDs over 154,938 terminals in total, with a respective mean and median number of species per phylogeny of 155 and 44. Omics phylogenies contained the most species on average, though not the most novel species, and mitogenome phylogenies contributed the fewest novel species. Synthesis phylogenies were very few in number, but nonetheless predicted to contribute most to increasing phylogenetic coverage of insect diversity. 6.2% of the 970,000 species of the Catalogue of Life were contained amongst the terminals of the database of phylogenies. Phylogenetic coverage of insect families was often disproportionate to species‐richness; those most undersampled were beetles and included families Curculionidae, Staphylinidae, Cerambycidae, and Scarabaeidae, and those with disproportionately high phylogenetic coverage included families of the dragonflies, bees, butterflies and ants. The work herein provides a foundation for quantification of the Darwinian Shortfall, and for shifting to an objective strategy for completing the insect Tree of Life.
Consuming place: Women, wine and imagination
Authors: Aujard Janine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper examines wine drinking among English and Australian women to discover and analyse the connection between their consumption of wine and their experiences, thoughts and imaginings. Comparing the experiences of women from the English town of Halifax with women from the southern suburbs of Adelaide and McLaren Vale (South Australia), I show how imbibing wine enables both groups of women to consume place, space and time, thus extending a liminal experience. Importantly, both groups of women engage with notions of national or regional identity. However, whereas English women typically experience wine drinking as a temporal engagement of social imagination involving a form of armchair alco‐tourism, Australian women mostly engage their social memory, and experience wine drinking as embedded within imagined communities of belonging. As such, this study demonstrates that wine drinking is not just gendered, but a complex, culturally situated practice and experience.
Supporting Fire Response: Advanced Spatial Data Analytics for Hydrant Access Assessment
Authors: Figueroa Vanessa Echeverri , Murray Alan T. , Funk Thelonious 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCalifornia faces increasing wildfire frequency and severity, necessitating effective firefighting strategies along with well‐located infrastructure. Hydrants are vital for urban safety and must comply with established standards to adequately protect people and property. One such standard involves hydrant spacing, critical for ensuring effective emergency response in the event of a fire. Traditional geographic information systems techniques are not well suited to fully assess hydrant networks, especially in the context of spacing given complex road network geographies. This paper introduces an innovative approach to assess hydrant spacing. The developed technique is applied in the evaluation of infrastructure in Santa Barbara, California. The results reveal significant code violations along streets throughout the region, suggesting clustered pockets of vulnerability and risk. Potential strategies emerge from this analysis to enhance firefighting preparedness, offering guidance to local agencies regarding hydrant system limitations across this fire‐prone region.
Vitabiotic: An alternative approach to diabetic foot
Authors: Erdem Hüseyin A. , Yalçın Nazlıhan , Kaya Arda , Taşbakan Meltem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers and infections are complications that can result in significant morbidity such as the need for amputations, especially in uncontrolled diabetes, thereby profoundly impacting quality of life. While traditional treatments like wound care and antibiotics are effective, there is growing interest in the role of micronutrients (such as vitamins C, D, E, zinc and magnesium) in improving outcomes. This study aims to evaluate how these micronutrients affect diabetic foot infections and the need for amputation, offering insights to enhance overall prognosis. Patients who were hospitalised with a diagnosis of diabetic foot infection in the Infectious Diseases Department of Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 1 April 2022, and 31 January 2023 were included in the study. The patients' socio‐demographic information, characteristics of diabetic wounds, operation history, as well as their levels of micronutrients recorded on the case report form. A total of 202 patients were included in the study. The most common micronutrient deficiencies were vitamin D (69%), vitamin C (64%) and zinc (49%). The amputation rates were significantly higher in patients with deficiencies vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin D (p < 0.005). Our research revealed a significant prevalence of vitamin deficiencies among the participants, and we observed a noteworthy correlation between amputation rates and these deficiencies. Although these findings show promise, it is essential to emphasise that micronutrient supplements should not replace traditional treatments but should rather be considered as a warning sign for preventing complications, particularly amputation or extremity loss.
Structure of the Kuranishi spaces of pairs of Kähler manifolds and polystable Higgs bundles
Authors: Ono Takashi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLet be a compact Kähler manifold and be a Higgs bundle over it. We study the structure of the Kuranishi space for the pair when the Higgs bundle admits a harmonic metric or equivalently when the Higgs bundle is polystable and the Chern classes are 0. Under such assumptions, we show that the Kuranishi space of the pair is isomorphic to the direct product of the Kuranishi space of and the Kuranishi space of . Moreover, when is a Riemann surface and is stable and the degree is 0, we show that the deformation of the pair is unobstructed and calculate the dimension of the Kuranishi space.
Neurovascular coupling during dynamic upper body resistance exercise in healthy individuals
Authors: Korad Stephanie , Mündel Toby , Perry Blake G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring unilateral static and rhythmic handgrip exercise, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) increases in the contralateral side to the exercising limb. However, whether this neurovascular coupling‐mediated increase in contralateral MCAv is apparent against a background of fluctuating perfusion pressure produced by dynamic resistance exercise (RE) is unclear. We examined the cerebral haemodynamic response to unilateral dynamic RE in 30 healthy individuals (female = 16, mean ± SD: age, 26 ± 6 years; height, 175 ± 10 cm; weight, 74 ± 15 kg; body mass index, 24 ± 5 kg m−2). Participants completed four sets of 10 paced repetitions (15 repetitions min−1) of unilateral bicep curl exercise at 60% of the predicted one‐repetition maximum (7 ± 3 kg). Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure, bilateral MCAv and end‐tidal carbon dioxide were measured throughout. One‐way ANOVA was used to analyse cardiovascular variables and two‐way ANOVA to analyse dependent cerebrovascular variables (side × sets, 2 × 5). A linear mixed model analysis was also performed to investigate the effects of end‐tidal carbon dioxide and mean arterial blood pressure on MCAv. In comparison to baseline, within‐exercise mean arterial blood pressure increased (P < 0.001) across the sets, whereas bilateral MCAv decreased (P < 0.001). However, no significant interaction effect was observed for any dependent variables (all P > 0.787). The linear mixed model revealed that end‐tidal carbon dioxide had the greatest effect on MCAv (estimate = 1.019, t = 8.490, P < 0.001). No differences were seen in contralateral and ipsilateral MCAv during dynamic RE, suggesting that neurovascular coupling contributions during dynamic RE might be masked by other regulators, such as blood pressure.
A Simplified Injection Model for Variable Area Turbine Fluidic Throttling
Authors: Spens Alexander , McFadden Evan J. , Westrick Cole D. , Bons Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using fluidic actuators to throttle the flow through a nozzle guide vane, enabling a variable area turbine (VAT) with no moving parts. A simplified model was developed to assess the driving design factors that influence the blocked flow fraction and throttling effectiveness of the actuators. The model approximates slot injection using a simplified stream tube analysis, neglecting mixing with the primary passage flow. Throttling performance is predicted for fluidic actuators with different widths, orientations, streamwise locations, and pressure ratios. This simplified model evaluates these actuators in a constant width straight duct and a variable width duct. Two-dimensional CFD of injection in the nozzle guide vane passage reported strong agreement with the results of the simple model using the variable width duct. Higher injection pressure ratios result in more injected mass flow but not significantly higher throttling effectiveness. Wider slots retain the effectiveness and block much more primary flow. Upstream oriented injection proves best for both effectiveness and blockage capabilities. Finally, there is an optimal injection location relative to the passage throat, which is extracted by both the model and CFD. This model has potential application for optimizing fluidic VAT throttling designs while saving on the cost of high-fidelity testing and production of these configurations.
An Automated Data-Driven Approach for Product Design Strategies to Respond to Market Disruption Following COVID-19
Authors: Park Seyoung , Lin Kangcheng , Joung Junegak , Kim Harrison 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Online reviews provide a source to identify customer needs. While many studies have analyzed online reviews during the pandemic, it is worth noting that many customer preference studies in this period were not conducted within a product design context. The societal challenges presented by the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, spanning nearly three years, have significantly impacted all facets of the population in a manner unparalleled in recent decades. Therefore, this research delves into the post-COVID-19 landscape, examining shifts in consumer preferences for diverse product features through an analysis of online reviews. Our framework unfolds in five stages: First, it collects online reviews and second, delves into customer interest in product features. Third, it analyzes customer sentiments toward these features. Fourth, employing interpretable machine learning techniques, it determines the significance of each feature. Fifth, an importance-performance analysis (IPA) and Kano models are utilized to formulate and analyze product strategies. The developed method is assessed on two real-world datasets—smartphone and laptop reviews. The results reveal that after the pandemic, customer satisfaction for the screen and camera in smartphones decreased, whereas it increased for those in laptops. In addition, the importance of battery features in smartphones and laptops has increased. These insights will aid companies in promptly formulating strategies to navigate dynamic market environments.
Representation Learning for Sequential Volumetric Design Tasks
Authors: Alam Md Ferdous , Wang Yi , Cheng Chin-Yi , Luo Jieliang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Volumetric design, also called massing design, is the first and critical step in professional building design, which is sequential in nature. As the volumetric design process requires careful design decisions and iterative adjustments, the underlying sequential design process encodes valuable information for designers. Many efforts have been made to automatically generate reasonable volumetric designs, but the quality of the generated design solutions varies, and evaluating a design solution requires either a prohibitively comprehensive set of metrics or expensive human expertise. While previous approaches focused on learning only the final design instead of sequential design tasks, we propose to encode the design knowledge from a collection of expert or high-performing design sequences and extract useful representations using transformer-based models. Later we propose to utilize the learned representations for crucial downstream applications such as design preference evaluation and procedural design generation. We develop the preference model by estimating the density of the learned representations, whereas we train an autoregressive transformer model for sequential design generation. We demonstrate our ideas by leveraging a novel dataset of thousands of sequential volumetric designs. Our preference model can compare two arbitrarily given design sequences and is almost 90% accurate in evaluation against random design sequences. Our autoregressive model is also capable of autocompleting a volumetric design sequence from a partial design sequence.
Numerical Simulation Study of Boiling Heat Transfer of R290 Flow in Horizontal Microtubes
Authors: Dai Yuande , Gong Haocheng , Ren Xueying , Pan Chuang , Li Jinye 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
R290 is considered to be an excellent alternative refrigerant for domestic air conditioners in the future. In this article, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation was used to obtain the flow field distribution of R290 in a microfine circular tube with an inner diameter of 2 mm under a specific range of working conditions, and the effects of saturation temperature, mass flow density, heat flow density, and tube type on the boiling heat transfer characteristics of R290 tube were investigated. The results show that the boiling heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of saturation temperature, and the maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient increases by 8.1% when the saturation temperature increases from 284 K to 286 K. The boiling heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of mass flow density, and the maximum value appears in the medium dryness range. The boiling heat transfer coefficient in the tube increases and then decreases when the heat flow density increases from 10 kW/m2 to 20 kW/m2 and increases faster at high heat flow density conditions. In addition, compared with the circular tube, the boiling heat transfer coefficient in the elliptical tube with an aspect ratio of 1.56 increases by 2.78% for R290 under the same flow area.