bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected aspects of designing deep excavations
Authors: Obrzud Rafał F. , Hartmann Sébastien , Podleś Krzysztof 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper analyzes two approaches to serviceability limit state (SLS) verification for the deep excavation boundary value problem. The verification is carried out by means of the finite element (FE) method with the aid of the commercial program ZSoil v2014. In numerical simulations, deep excavation in non-cohesive soil is supported with a diaphragm wall. In the first approach, the diaphragm wall is modeled with the Hookean material assuming reduced average stiffness and possible concrete cracking. The second approach is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the wall is modeled by defining its stiffness with the highest nominal Young’s modulus. The modulus makes it possible to find design bending moments which are used to compute the minimal design cross-section reinforcement for the retaining structure. The computed reinforcement is then used in a non-linear structural analysis which is viewed as the “actual” SLS verification.
In the second part, the paper examines the same boundary value problem assuming that the excavation takes place in quasi-impermeable cohesive soils, which are modeled with the Hardening Soil model. This example demonstrates the consequences of applying the steady-state type analysis for an intrinsically time-dependent problem. The results of this analysis are compared to the results from the consolidation-type analysis, which are considered as a reference. For both analysis types, the two-phase formulation for partially- saturated medium, after Aubry and Ozanam, is used to describe the interaction between the soil skeleton and pore water pressure.
Re-Evaluation of Morphological Characters Questions Current Views of Pinniped Origins
Authors: Koretsky I. A. , Barnes L. G. , Rahmat S. J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The origin of pinnipeds has been a contentious issue, with opposite sides debating monophyly or diphyly. This review uses evidence from the fossil record, combined with comparative morphology, molecular and cytogenetic investigations to evaluate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil otarioid and phocoid pinnipeds. Molecular investigations support a monophyletic origin of pinnipeds, but disregard vital morphological data. Likewise, morphological studies support diphyly, but overlook molecular analyses. This review will demonstrate that a monophyletic origin of pinnipeds should not be completely accepted, as is the current ideology, and a diphyletic origin remains viable due to morphological and paleobiological analyses. Critical examination of certain characters, used by supporters of pinniped monophyly, reveals different polarities, variability, or simply convergence. The paleontological record and our morphological analysis of important characters supports a diphyletic origin of pinnipeds, with otarioids likely arising in the North Pacific from large, bear-like animals and phocids arising in the North Atlantic from smaller, otter-like ancestors. Although members of both groups are known by Late Oligocene time, each developed and invaded the aquatic environment separately from their much earlier, common arctoid ancestor. Therefore, we treat the superfamily Otarioidea as being monophyletic, including the families Enaliarctidae, Otariidae (fur seals/sea lions), Desmatophocidae, and Odobenidae (walruses and extinct relatives), and the superfamily Phocoidea as monophyletic, including only the family Phocidae, with four subfamilies (Devinophocinae, Phocinae, Monachinae, and Cystophorinae).
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and DFT Analysis of the Effects of Bulky Perfluoroalkyl Substituents on a Vanadyl Perfluoro Phthalocyanine
Authors: Moons Hans , Patel Hemantbhai H. , Gorun Sergiu M. , Doorslaer Sabine Van 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
F64PcVO, the vanadyl complex of the perfluoro-isopropyl-substituted perfluorophthalocyanine ligand F64PcH2, exhibits interesting electronic properties compared to related vanadyl phthalocyanine complexes. X- and W-band continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) of undiluted F64PcVO powders illustrate the absence of π-π stacking in these materials due to the bulky substituents. Furthermore, pulsed EPR and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) experiments in combination with density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to determine the principal g values and the 51V, 14N, 1H and 19F hyperfine couplings of a frozen ethanol solution of F64PcVO. The axial ligation of ethanol to vanadium was proven. Axial accessibility of the vanadyl center combined with the high solubility of the complex in different solvents make F64PcVO an interesting molecule for catalytic applications.
Concept of Phase Cycling in Pulsed Magnetic Resonance Using Sinusoidal Magnetic Field Modulation
Authors: Tseytlin Mark 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn conventional pulsed magnetic resonance suppression of unwanted signals is achieved by changing pulse phases with respect to the reference signal and spin magnetization phase. This method is called phase cycling. An alternative approach is suggested to separate the unwanted signals from the spin echo by using magnetic field modulation. Precession frequency of the spins, and therefore phases of free indication decays and echo signals, can be controlled by the selection of modulation parameters. This enables phase cycling. Since the signal is detected in the presence of the changing magnetic field, which drives spin precession, the echo signal is frequency-modulated. Numerical transformation into an accelerating reference frame associated with the Larmor frequency restores the signal to a form that would have been observed in the absence of modulation. The suggested phase cycling method is analyzed in detail for the two pulse spin echo case.
Reconstrucción y restauración de la rotura aguda del tendón rotuliano con aumento del tendon semitendinoso preservando su inserción distal. Reporte de un caso.[Reconstruction and repair of acute patellar tendon ruptures with semitendinosus autograft].
Authors: Ciccarello Víctor Andres , Kaltman Bernardo 
Published: November 2016

<p>Se presenta un caso de ruptura aguda de tendon rotuliano con mala calidad de tejido remanente , en la que se realiza una tecnica de restauración y aumentación con injerto del tendon semitendinoso ipsilateral , preservando su inseríón distal.</p><p> </p>
Tratamiento de las fracturas periprotésicas de cadera tipos B2 y B3 con tallos no cementados de fijación distal. [Treatment of types B2 and B3 periprosthetic hip fractures with distal fixation cementless stem].
Authors: Pereira Sebastian , Allende Bartolome Luis , Bidolegui Fernando Manuel , Vindver Gabriel Ignacio 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong>Introducción</strong>: La fractura periprotésica se encuentra en tercer lugar como causa mas frecuente de revisión de cadera por detrás del aflojamiento aséptico y la infección.</p><p>Aquellas que se presentan asociadas a un tallo flojo (B2) o a un déficit de capital óseo (B3), deben ser tratadas con la revisión femoral.</p><p><strong>Materiales y Método</strong>: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 38 pacientes con fracturas periprotésicas de fémur B2 y B3 tratadas con tallos no cementados de fijación distal sin injerto óseo ni placas de osteosíntesis. El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue de 2.5 años (rango, 1.5 a10).</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong>: El puntaje promedio alcanzado en el HHS fue de 69 puntos (rango, 57-91).</p><p>En todos los casos (100%) se logró la consolidación ósea. La sobrevida libre de revisión fue del 94.8%.</p><p>Las complicaciones fueron; 1 (2.6%) hundimiento del tallo mayor a 5mm, 1 (2.6%) luxación, 2 (5.2%) infecciones , 1 (2.6%) hematoma de la herida.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones</strong>: La técnica de revisión con tallos no cementados de fijación distal sin el aporte de injerto óseo ha demostrados ser un método eficaz para el tratamiento de las fracturas periprotésicas de cadera B2 y B3. </p>
Rango de movilidad y resultados funcionales en tres diseños diferentes de artroplastia de rodilla primaria. Estudio Comparativo. [Range of motion and functional results in three different designs of total knee arthroplasty].
Authors: Bonifacio Juan Pablo , Costa Paz Matias , Yacuzzi Carlos Heraldo , Carbo Lisandro 
Published: November 2016

<p class="Default"><span class="A1"><strong><span>Introducción: </span></strong></span><span class="A1"><span>El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los resultados funcionales y el rango de movi­miento entre tres grupos de pacientes con ar­troplastia total de rodilla: dos utilizando prótesis de alta flexión y el otro con un diseño convencional. </span></span></p><p class="Pa5"><strong><span>Materiales y Métodos: </span></strong><span>64</span><span> pacientes fueron operados con prótesis total de rodilla Zimmer NexGen®, y 34 pacientes operados con Optetrack ® de alta flexión. Luego de la exclusión de pacientes; 22 pacientes (grupo A) fueron tratados con diseño de alta flexión de Zimmer, 21 pacientes (grupo B) tratados con prótesis Zimmer convencional, y 25 pacientes (Grupo C) con artroplastia Optetrack® PS. La evaluación funcional se realizó con el Knee Society Score, el Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoathritis index y la escala analógica visual. </span></p><p class="Pa5"><strong><span>Resultados:</span></strong><span> En el posoperatorio, el promedio de flexión máxima del grupo A subió de 99° a 113º, con un aumento promedio de 14º, en el grupo B de 106° a 118º con una ganancia promedio de 12º y en el grupo C de 110° a 111° siendo la ganancia de 1°. Los resultados funcionales evaluados con KSS y el WOMAC presentaron mejorías en los tres grupos. </span></p><p><strong><span lang="ES-TRAD">Conclusión: </span></strong><span lang="ES-TRAD">Las evaluaciones clínicas funcionales son favorables en los tres diseños evaluados. Este estudio muestra que no hay diferencias significativas en la flexión final lograda, y resultados funcionales entre los dos primeros diseños entre sí, si siendo estos significativamente superiores al diseño del tercer grupo luego de un año de seguimiento. </span></p><p><strong><em>Palabras Claves:</em></strong> Prótesis total de rodilla, prótesis de alta flexión, prótesis convencionales, rango de movilidad </p><p><span lang="ES-TRAD"><br /></span></p>
Guerra justa, hermenêutica política e pluralismo religioso em John Rawls e Claude Geffré
Authors: De Oliveira Nythamar , Gomes Tiago De Fraga 
Published: November 2016

Para John Rawls é primordialmente importante para o Direito dos Povos que a justiça seja assegurada pela estabilidade de sociedades liberais e decentes. Uma intervenção militar com fins humanitários ou autodefesa seria uma resposta legítima aos abusos perpetrados pelos grupos ou Estados “fora da lei”, na medida em que fomentam a guerra e o terrorismo, o que poderia ser caracterizada como uma instância de “guerra justa”. A hermenêutica política emerge no espaço de razão pública onde se propõe a conciliação e o acordo entre as doutrinas religiosas e as concepções abrangentes de bem comum, com seus conflitos e incompatibilidades. O liberalismo político busca acomodar tal pluralidade de doutrinas abrangentes razoáveis através do consenso sobreposto. Claude Geffré propõe uma teologia com orientação hermenêutica como uma nova postura política diante do pluralismo hodierno. O enigma da alteridade plural das concepções religiosas manifesta a riqueza espiritual da vivência humana do divino, porém, levanta importantes questionamentos para a convivência social. Rawls e Geffré convergem quanto ao problema hermenêutico da justificação normativa postulada num contexto pluralista de reconhecimento do outro e de tolerância em face às querelas irreconciliáveis.
Leituras filosóficas da laudato si
Authors: Bavaresco Agemir 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta a estrutura do documento do Papa Francisco, demonstrando sua abordagem interdisciplinar articulando a política, a economia, a ecologia, a teologia e a ética. Em primeiro lugar, os cenários do planeta são caracterizados, analisando os níveis ambientais e o debate teológicoepistemológico emergente. Depois disso, a crise ecológica é diagnosticada, tendo suas raízes e causas na tecnologia e no antropocentrismo. Em seguida, torna-se explicita a proposta de uma ecologia integral no qual tudo está relacionado e interligado. Finalmente, considerando o contexto de sociedades plurais e os diagnósticos da crise ambiental, o documento sugere uma ética interdisciplinar para resolver os problemas do planeta.
Laudato si’: sobre o cuidado da casa comum – um guia de leitura –
Authors: Zampieri Gilmar 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo constitui um guia de leitura, da encíclica do Papa Francisco, aqui definido como um líder moral e intelectual com coragem de profeta. Oferece um mapa para orientar o leitor da encíclica e para possibilitar, aos que não puderem lê-la, uma compreensão mínima de seus pontos principais e de seus argumentos. Seguindo os passos do próprio texto, frisa o que parece ser o mais relevante em cada parte. No final, o Autor ensaia uma interpretação pessoal do documento.
Prospek Pemanfaatan Alga Laut untuk Industri
Authors: Munifah Ifah 
Published: November 2016

Sebagai negara maritim, Indonesia memiliki keragaman hayati yang berlimpah di antaranya berbagai jenis rumput laut atau makroalga, yang lazim disingkat dengan alga. Salah satu substansi kimia dari rumput laut yang bermanfaat adalah karbohidrat berupa polisakarida seperti alginat, karagenan, dan agar, sedangkan komponen penting lainnya adalah protein, lemak, dan vitamin yang semuanya merupakan metabolit primer. Metabolit primer tersebut telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku industri, makanan tambahan, sayuran, dan bahan obat-obatan guna memenuhi kebutuhan di dalam negeri dan untuk diekspor. Di samping itu, alga juga merupakan sumber senyawa bioaktif, yang merupakan metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas seperti antibakteri, antitumor, antiinflamasi, dan lain-lain. Pemanfaatan metabolit primer dari alga telah cukup berkembang namun pemanfaatan metabolit sekundernya hingga saat ini masih terbatas.
KANDUNGAN DAN KOMPOSISI PIGMEN RUMPUT LAUT SERTA POTENSINYA UNTUK KESEHATAN
Authors: Merdekawati Windu , Susanto A.B. 
Published: November 2016

Rumput laut merupakan tumbuhan laut yang berpotensi sebagai sumber pangan dan obat-obatan. Tumbuhan ini mengandung polisakarida yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pangan. Rumput laut juga kaya akan senyawa yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan diantaranya yaitu pigmen, yang dihasilkan oleh rumput laut merah (Rhodophyceae), rumput laut hijau (Chlorophyceae), dan rumput laut coklat (Phaeophyceae). Setiap jenis rumput laut mempunyai pigmen yang spesifik dengan komposisi yang berbeda. Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan dan komposisi pigmen rumput laut diantaranya terdapat pada jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii, Caulerpa sp., dan Sargassum sp. Pada Kappaphycus alvarezii, terdapat beberapa jenis pigmen yaitu karoten (0,947%), turunan klorofil (16,418%), klorofil a (74,920%), xantofil (7,715%). Caulerpa sp. mengandung karoten (0,294 %), turunan klorofil (18,731%), klorofil a (26,817%), klorofil b (12,906%), dan xantofil (29,758%). Sargassum sp. mengandung b-karoten (1,49%), fukoxantin (20,95 %), klorofil a (52,82%), klorofil c (1,05 %), turunan klorofil (15,23%) serta xantofil (8,46%).
FUCOIDAN FROM BROWN SEAWEED AND ITS BIOACTIVITY
Authors: Sinurat Ellya , Marraskuranto Endar 
Published: November 2016

Fucoidan is a polysaccharide which substantially consists of L-fucosa and ester sulphate group and is mainly contained in brown seaweed. For the past ten years, bioactivity studies of fucoidan has been conducted. Recently, fucoidan has been examined for its application in drugs. In a couple of years, fucoidan structure was succesfully identified and its bioactivity was revealed. Fucoidan exhibits various bioactivities such as anticoagulant, antioxidant, anticomplementary, anti-inflamation, gastric protector, and blood lipid level control. This review gives some brief progress in isolation and bioactivity study of fucoidan from brown seaweeds.
Online social media applications for constructivism and observational learning
Authors: Mbati Lydia 
Published: November 2016

<p>Web 2.0 technologies have a range of possibilities for fostering constructivist learning and observational learning. This is due to the available applications which allow for synchronous and asynchronous interaction and the sharing of knowledge between users. Web 2.0 tools include online social media applications which have potential pedagogical benefits. Despite these potential benefits, there is inadequate utilization of online social media applications in learning management systems for pedagogical purposes. Reasons cited for the limited uptake of online social media applications in learning management systems include the lack of consideration regarding the pedagogical benefits of these applications (Christie &amp; Garrote-Jurado, 2009, pp. 273-279). There is limited information regarding experiences of the use of online social media that foster constructivist and observational learning. Using a qualitative meta-ethnographic approach, this article explores the experiences of students and instructors regarding online social media applications for constructivism and observational learning. Constructivist criteria (Baviskar, Hartle, &amp; Whitney, 2009, pp. 543-544) and observational learning, based on Bandura’s (2001, pp. 265-299) social cognitive theory, formed the theoretical grounding for this research. The findings suggest that discussion forums are ideal for the stimulation of constructivism and observational learning in online learning programmes. </p>
PENYERAPAN GAS KARBON DIOKSIDA (CO2) DALAM BIOGAS DENGAN LARUTAN CALSIUM HIDROKSIDA (Ca(OH)2)
Authors: Paryanto Paryanto , Pranolo Sunu Herwi 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Biogas is one of kinds of renewable alternative energy. It can used for partial substitute of unrenewable energy. Biogas is made from fermentation process organic waste (solid or liquid) from home industry, agricultural, animal. With the major compositon is methane gas, it can used for fuel and raw material of other chemicals, for example are hydrogen, ammonia etc. Although biogas has many of advantages, But it has a problem about the high carbon dioxide composition. So biogas need a process purification from carbon dioxide composition. One of The purification process of biogas is absorption process with absorbent. In the research Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> solution is used for it’s absorbent. The research study absorption carbon dioxide with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> in the absorber column with kinds of absorber fill material from chemical reaction. The variable is used in the research is space time of Ca(OH)<sub>2 </sub>solution in the absorber column and the conversion of CO<sub>2 </sub>absorp which can calculate from conversion of absorbent solution. For known conversion of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, a solution Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> from absorber column which absorp gas CO<sub>2</sub> is taken each 10 minute for 1 hour. Sample (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> solution) is analyzed with acidymetre-alkalymetre method. HCl 0.1 N Solution is used for analyze CaCO<sub>3 </sub>product and HCl 0.1 N solution combine with BaCl 0.1 N to analyze remainCa(OH)<sub>2 </sub>for calculate conversion of CO<sub>2</sub>. Result of this research is reaction rate constant for absorber fill material marbles, plastic pipe, ceramic, wood, and roof-tile are (0.781), (0.464), (0.916), (0.637), dan (0.987) .</em></p><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Biogas, CO<sub>2</sub>, absorber, rate of reaction</em></p>
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL MATEMATIKA PROSES SIMULTAN ANTARA SAKARIFIKASI DAN FERMENTASI PADA PRODUKSI POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE
Authors: Margono Margono 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em>: One of the amylolytic</em><em> bacteria that are able to accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) intracellularly is Bacillus sp. However, the ability of these bacteria to synthesize PHB is unknown so further research is still needed. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model of the fermentation process that can be used as a tool for process optimization in the context of the production of PHB using amylolytic bacterium Bacillus sp. and substrate tapioca. Mathematical model is based on a review of simultaneous process between the saccharification and fermentation. Mathematical model consists of 5 simultaneous ordinary differential equations and 15 kinetics parameters. Parameters of the mathematical models was determined by matching the data (data fitting) of experiments and simulations using the genetic algorithm method and MATLAB programming language. The data was obtained from the experiments of batch process using 1000 mL of shaken flask with working volume of 250 mL. Incubation was performed in an incubator shaker at room temperature, the speed of 130 rpm, and initial pH 7.0. The values of the parameters were μ<sub>opt</sub> 0.037 1/hour, V<sub>m</sub> 1,235 1/hr , K<sub>m</sub> 60.654 g / L, the cell yield (Y<sub>RSg</sub>) 0.170 g dry weight / g glucose and product yield (Y<sub>PSg</sub>) 0.032 g PHB / g glucose.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Bacillus sp.; optimization; parameters; mathematical models; polyhydroxybutyrate</em></p>
PENGERINGAN ETANOL DALAM KOLOM UNGGUN TETAP DENGAN ADSORBENT SILICA GEL
Authors: Dyartanti Endah Retno 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Bioethanol is one of renewable energy source</em><em>. One example of the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel: a mixture of gasoline and alcohol (&gt;99%) called Gasohol for gasoline fuel substitute.One method of drying </em><em>ethanol is adsorption method. This study is aimed to dry ethanol (ethanol concentration&gt; 99%) or fuel grade as an alternative fuel by adsorption method in a fixed bed column with adsorbent silica gel. Dry ethanol</em><em> is obtained from purifying (distillation) and dryng (adsorpstion).The drying process begins with the process of refining ethanol from fermentation </em><em>±</em><em>95% continued to ethanol distillation process until the concentration dries in fixed bed column. This tool consists of: a fixed bed column (adsorber column), ethanol bait container (stokpot), electric stove, a condenser and adsorber to the condenser connector. Adsorber column consists of the adsorbent tubes with a diameter of 3.6 cm and, tube-in adsorber with a diameter of 3.8 cm, the outer tube adsorber with a diameter of 6cm and 40 cm high. Adsorber column is equipped with a heating jacket is water-tube that is placed between inner and outer tube-adsorber. Ethanol feed is heated in ethanol bait traps using electric stove and heater temperature is maintained at a temperature of </em><em>±</em><em>80ºC. Ethanol vapor is then flowed into the fixed bed column containing the adsorbent silica gel (</em><em>±</em><em>200 gr) which have been dried.Adsorber column temperature is maintained by running hot water in the jacket heater with a temperature of </em><em>±</em><em>78ºC. </em><em>Drying of ethanol is run for 120 minutes. Ethanol vapor output from the adsorber column is condensed into liquid ethanol through the condenser. The output of ethanol from the condenser is collected and analyzed using picnometer ethanol content.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Adsorption,</em><em> Distillation,</em><em> Ethanol, </em><em>Fixed Bed Column,</em><em> Silica Gel</em></p>