bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Shopping Frequency And Product Type Affect Consumers Perceptions Of E-Tailing Quality
Authors: Sebastianelli Rose , Tamimi Nabil , Rajan Murli 
Published: March 2016

We survey a national sample of US online consumers about their perceptions regarding the quality of online shopping experiences. Our intent is to examine whether the frequency with which they purchase products online and the types of products they purchase affect their perceptions of internet retailer quality. In this study, the quality of online shopping is measured using a set of items that represent the four phases encountered when shopping via the Internet: (1) the retailer’s homepage, (2) online product catalog, (3) order form and (4) customer service and support. Factor analysis of these items uncovers the following seven underlying e-tailing quality dimensions: reliability, accessibility, ordering services, convenience, product content, assurance and credibility. We find that frequent online shoppers consider both reliability and product content significantly more important than infrequent online shoppers; ordering services is significantly more important to infrequent online shoppers. With regard to product type, we find some significant differences between online shoppers who purchase “search” versus “experience” products. Specifically, those who purchase experience products online rate ordering services and product content significantly more important than those who buy search products.
An Explanation Of Financial Analysis Using The FASBs Preliminary Views On Financial Statement Presentation
Authors: Acton Daniel 
Published: March 2016

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a discussion paper entitled “Preliminary Views on Financial Statement Presentation” on October 16, 2008, in which they presented a new format for the primary financial statements. The proposed statements are segmented into functional activities of the entity on a net-asset basis. The Board’s objectives are to present a cohesive set of financial statements that are useful in predicting future cash flows and assessing liquidity and financial flexibility. This paper describes the proposed statements, examines the application of financial ratios, and assesses the extent to which the Board’s objectives are satisfied.
Remote Viewing Can Enhance The Auditing Process
Authors: Woehrle Stephen L. 
Published: March 2016

Remote viewing is a branch of parapsychology involving mental telepathy to view targeted objects. Significant studies and applications are cited that have legitimized remote viewing as a credible and valuable technique. This paper explores the application of remote viewing to some aspects of the auditing process. The author’s premise is that remote viewing can be used to detect anomalies in accounting systems. Its most relevant use may be for assessment questioning in a fraud investigation.
Development of a Feasible Implementation Fidelity Protocol Within a Complex Physical Therapy–Led Self-Management Intervention
Authors: Toomey Elaine , Matthews James , Guerin Suzanne , Hurley Deirdre A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundImplementation fidelity is poorly addressed within physical therapy interventions, which may be due to limited research on how to develop and implement an implementation fidelity protocol.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a feasible implementation fidelity protocol within a pilot study of a physical therapy–led intervention to promote self-management for people with chronic low back pain or osteoarthritis.DesignA 2-phase mixed-methods design was used.MethodsPhase 1 involved the development of an initial implementation fidelity protocol using qualitative interviews with potential stakeholders to explore the acceptability of proposed strategies to enhance and assess implementation fidelity. Phase 2 involved testing and refining the initial implementation fidelity protocol to develop a finalized implementation fidelity protocol. Specifically, the feasibility of 3 different strategies (physical therapist self-report checklists, independently rated direct observations, and audio-recorded observations) for assessing implementation fidelity of intervention delivery was tested, followed by additional stakeholder interviews that explored the overall feasibility of the implementation fidelity protocol.ResultsPhase 1 interviews determined the proposed implementation fidelity strategies to be acceptable to stakeholders. Phase 2 showed that independently rated audio recordings (n=6) and provider self-report checklists (n=12) were easier to implement than independently rated direct observations (n=12) for assessing implementation fidelity of intervention delivery. Good agreement (79.8%–92.8%) was found among all methods. Qualitative stakeholder interviews confirmed the acceptability, practicality, and implementation of the implementation fidelity protocol.LimitationsThe reliability and validity of assessment checklists used in this study have yet to be fully tested, and blinding of independent raters was not possible.ConclusionsA feasible implementation fidelity protocol was developed based on a 2-phase development process involving intervention stakeholders. This study provides valuable information on the feasibility of rigorously addressing implementation fidelity within physical therapy interventions and provides recommendations for researchers wanting to address implementation fidelity in similar areas.
Simulated Patients in Physical Therapy Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pritchard Shane A. , Blackstock Felicity C. , Nestel Debra , Keating Jenny L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTraditional models of physical therapy clinical education are experiencing unprecedented pressures. Simulation-based education with simulated (standardized) patients (SPs) is one alternative that has significant potential value, and implementation is increasing globally. However, no review evaluating the effects of SPs on professional (entry-level) physical therapy education is available.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to synthesize and critically appraise the findings of empirical studies evaluating the contribution of SPs to entry-level physical therapy education, compared with no SP interaction or an alternative education strategy, on any outcome relevant to learning.Data SourcesA systematic search was conducted of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, AMED, ERIC, and CINAHL Plus databases and reference lists of included articles, relevant reviews, and gray literature up to May 2015.Study SelectionArticles reporting quantitative or qualitative data evaluating the contribution of SPs to entry-level physical therapy education were included.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, intervention details, and quantitative and qualitative evaluation data from the 14 articles that met the eligibility criteria.Data SynthesisPooled random-effects meta-analysis indicated that replacing up to 25% of authentic patient–based physical therapist practice with SP-based education results in comparable competency (mean difference=1.55/100; 95% confidence interval=−1.08, 4.18; P=.25). Thematic analysis of qualitative data indicated that students value learning with SPs.LimitationsAssumptions were made to enable pooling of data, and the search strategy was limited to English.ConclusionSimulated patients appear to have an effect comparable to that of alternative educational strategies on development of physical therapy clinical practice competencies and serve a valuable role in entry-level physical therapy education. However, available research lacks the rigor required for confidence in findings. Given the potential advantages for students, high-quality studies that include an economic analysis should be conducted.
Osteosarcoma of the spine: prognostic variables for local recurrence and overall survival, a multicenter ambispective study
Authors: Dekutoski Mark B. , Clarke Michelle J. , Rose Peter , Luzzati Alessandro , Rhines Laurence D. , Varga Peter P. , Fisher Charles G. , Chou Dean , Fehlings Michael G. , Reynolds Jeremy J. , Williams Richard , Quraishi Nasir A. , Germscheid Niccole M. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Boriani Stefano , _ _ 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Primary spinal osteosarcomas are rare and aggressive neoplasms. Poor outcomes can occur, as obtaining marginal margins is technically demanding; further Enneking-appropriate en bloc resection can have significant morbidity. The goal of this study is to identify prognostic variables for local recurrence and mortality in surgically treated patients diagnosed with a primary osteosarcoma of the spine.

METHODS
A multicenter ambispective database of surgically treated patients with primary spine osteosarcomas was developed by AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor. Patient demographic, diagnosis, treatment, perioperative morbidity, local recurrence, and cross-sectional survival data were collected. Tumors were classified in 2 cohorts: Enneking appropriate (EA) and Enneking inappropriate (EI), as defined by pathology margin matching Enneking-recommended surgical margins. Prognostic variables were analyzed in reference to local recurrence and survival.

RESULTS
Between 1987 and 2012, 58 patients (32 female patients) underwent surgical treatment for primary spinal osteosarcoma. Patients were followed for a mean period of 3.5 ± 3.5 years (range 0.5 days to 14.3 years). The median survival for the entire cohort was 6.7 years postoperative. Twenty-four (41%) patients died, and 17 (30%) patients suffered a local recurrence, 10 (59%) of whom died. Twenty-nine (53%) patients underwent EA resection while 26 (47%) patients underwent EI resection with a postoperative median survival of 6.8 and 3.7 years, respectively (p = 0.048). EI patients had a higher rate of local recurrence than EA patients (p = 0.001). Patient age, previous surgery, biopsy type, tumor size, spine level, and chemotherapy timing did not significantly influence recurrence and survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Osteosarcoma of the spine presents a significant challenge, and most patients die in spite of aggressive surgery. There is a significant decrease in recurrence and an increase in survival with en bloc resection (EA) when compared with intralesional resection (EI). The effect of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapeutics, as well as method of biopsy, requires further exploration.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: evaluation of long-term outcomes in a multicenter cohort
Authors: Starke Robert M. , Kano Hideyuki , Ding Dale , Lee John Y. K. , Mathieu David , Whitesell Jamie , Pierce John T. , Huang Paul P. , Kondziolka Douglas , Yen Chun-Po , Feliciano Caleb , Rodgriguez-Mercado Rafael , Almodovar Luis , Pieper Daniel R. , Grills Inga S. , Silva Danilo , Abbassy Mahmoud , Missios Symeon , Barnett Gene H. , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
In this multicenter study, the authors reviewed the results following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), determined predictors of outcome, and assessed predictive value of commonly used grading scales based upon this large cohort with long-term follow-up.

METHODS
Data from a cohort of 2236 patients undergoing GKRS for cerebral AVMs were compiled from the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration and no posttreatment hemorrhage or permanent symptomatic radiation-induced complications. Patient and AVM characteristics were assessed to determine predictors of outcome, and commonly used grading scales were assessed.

RESULTS
The mean maximum AVM diameter was 2.3 cm, with a mean volume of 4.3 cm3. A mean margin dose of 20.5 Gy was delivered. Mean follow-up was 7 years (range 1–20 years). Overall obliteration was 64.7%. Post-GRKS hemorrhage occurred in 165 patients (annual risk 1.1%). Radiation-induced imaging changes occurred in 29.2%; 9.7% were symptomatic, and 2.7% had permanent deficits. Favorable outcome was achieved in 60.3% of patients. Patients with prior nidal embolization (OR 2.1, p < 0.001), prior AVM hemorrhage (OR 1.3, p = 0.007), eloquent location (OR 1.3, p = 0.029), higher volume (OR 1.01, p < 0.001), lower margin dose (OR 0.9, p < 0.001), and more isocenters (OR 1.1, p = 0.011) were more likely to have unfavorable outcomes in multivariate analysis. The Spetzler-Martin grade and radiosurgery-based AVM score predicted outcome, but the Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale provided the best assessment.

CONCLUSIONS
GKRS for cerebral AVMs achieves obliteration and avoids permanent complications in the majority of patients. Patient, AVM, and treatment parameters can be used to predict long-term outcomes following radiosurgery.
Diagnosed chest lesion on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images using apparent diffusion coefficients
Authors: Lu Nan-Han , Hung Chao-Ming , Liu Kuo-Ying , Chen Tai-Been , Huang Yung-Hui 
Published: March 2016

PURPOSE: A novel diagnostic method using the standard deviation (SD) value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) by diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is applied for differential diagnosis of primary chest cancers, metastatic tumors and benign tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 27 patients (20 males, 7 female; age, 15–85; mean age, 68) who had thoracic mass lesions in the last three years and underwent an MRI chest examination at our institution. In total, 29 mass lesions were analyzed using SD of ADC and DWI. Lesions were divided into five groups: Primary lung cancers ( N = 10); esophageal cancers ( N = 5); metastatic tumors ( N = 8); benign tumors ( N = 3); and inflammatory lesions ( N = 3). Quantitative assessment of MRI parameters of mass lesions was performed. The ADC value was acquired based on the average of the entire tumor area. The error-plot, t-test and the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The SD of ADC value (mean±SD) was (4.867±1.359)×10–4 mm2/sec in primary lung cancers, and (3.598±0.350)×10–4 mm2/sec in metastatic tumors. The SD of ADC values of primary lung cancers and metastatic tumors ( P <  0.05) were significantly different and the AUC was 0.800 ( P <  0.05). The means of SD of ADC values was 4.532±1.406×10–4 mm2/sec and 2.973±0.364×10–4 mm2/sec for malignant tumors (including primary lung cancers, esophageal cancers) and benign tumors with respectively. The mean of SD of ADC values between malignant chest tumors and benign chest tumors was shown significant difference ( P <  0.01). The values of AUC was 0.967 between malignant chest tumors and benign chest tumors ( P <  0.05). The ADC values for primary lung cancers, metastatic tumors and benign tumors were not significantly difference ( P >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mean of SD of ADC value by DWI can be used for differential diagnosis of chest lesions.
Existence Results for a New Class of Boundary Value Problems of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Alvan Meysam , Darzi Rahmat , Mahmoodi Amin 
Published: March 2016

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INVISIBLE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. II. RADIO MORPHOLOGIES AND FIVE NEW H i 21 cm ABSORPTION LINE DETECTORS
Authors: Yan Ting , Stocke John T. , Darling Jeremy , Momjian Emmanuel , Sharma Soniya , Kanekar Nissim 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
This is the second paper directed toward finding new highly redshifted atomic and molecular absorption lines at radio frequencies. To this end, we selected a sample of 80 candidates for obscured radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and presented their basic optical/near-infrared (NIR) properties in Paper I. In this paper, we present both high-resolution radio continuum images for all of these sources and H i 21 cm absorption spectroscopy for a few selected sources in this sample. A-configuration 4.9 and 8.5 GHz Very Large Array continuum observations find that 52 sources are compact or have substantial compact components with size <0.″5 and flux densities >0.1 Jy at 4.9 GHz. The 36 most compact sources were then observed with the Very Long Baseline Array at 1.4 GHz. One definite and 10 candidate Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are newly identified, which is a detection rate of CSOs ∼three times higher than the detection rate previously found in purely flux-limited samples. Based on possessing compact components with high flux densities, 60 of these sources are good candidates for absorption-line searches. Twenty-seven sources were observed for H i 21 cm absorption at their photometric or spectroscopic redshifts with only six detections (five definite and one tentative). However, five of these were from a small subset of six CSOs with pure galaxy optical/NIR spectra (i.e., any AGN emission is obscured) and for which accurate spectroscopic redshifts place the redshifted 21 cm line in a radio frequency intereference (RFI)-free spectral “window” (i.e., the percentage of H i 21 cm absorption-line detections could be as high as ∼90% in this sample). It is likely that the presence of ubiquitous RFI and the absence of accurate spectroscopic redshifts preclude H i detections in similar sources (only 1 detection out of the remaining 22 sources observed, 13 of which have only photometric redshifts); that is, H i absorption may well be present but is masked by the RFI. Future searches for highly redshifted H i and molecular absorption can easily find more distant CSOs among bright, “blank field” radio sources, but will be severely hampered by an inability to determine accurate spectroscopic redshifts due to their lack of rest-frame UV continuum.
TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF INTERSTELLAR Na I ABSORPTION TOWARD THE MONOCEROS LOOP
Authors: Dirks Cody , Meyer David M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the first evidence of temporal variability in the interstellar Na i absorption toward HD 47240, which lies behind the Monoceros Loop supernova remnant (SNR). Analysis of multi-epoch Kitt Peak coudé feed spectra from this sight line taken over an eight-year period reveals significant variation in both the observed column density and the central velocities of the high-velocity gas components in these spectra. Given the ∼1.3 mas yr−1 proper motion of HD 47240 and an SNR distance of 1.6 kpc, this variation would imply ∼10 au fluctuations within the SNR shell. Similar variations have been previously reported in the Vela SNR, suggesting a connection between the expanding SNR gas and the observed variations. We speculate on the potential nature of the observed variations toward HD 47240 in the context of the expanding remnant gas interacting with the ambient interstellar medium.
THE [N ii] 205 μm EMISSION IN LOCAL LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES*
Authors: Zhao (赵应和) Yinghe , Lu Nanyao , Xu C. Kevin , Gao (高煜) Yu , Lord Steven D. , Charmandaris Vassilis , Diaz-Santos Tanio , Evans Aaron , Howell Justin , Petric Andreea O. , Werf Paul P. van der , Sanders David B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present the measurements of the [N ii] 205 μm line for a flux-limited sample of 122 (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies [(U)LIRGs] and 20 additional normal galaxies, obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory (Herschel). We explore the far-infrared (FIR) color dependence of the [N ii] 205 μm (L
[N ii]205 μm) to the total infrared (L
IR) luminosity ratio, and find that L
[N ii]205 μm/L
IR only depends modestly on the 70–160 μm flux density ratio (

) when

, whereas such dependence becomes much steeper for

. We also investigate the relation between L
[N ii]205 μm and star formation rate (SFR), and show that L
[N ii]205 μm has a nearly linear correlation with SFR, albeit the intercept of such a relation varies somewhat with

, consistent with our previous conclusion that [N ii] 205 μm emission can serve as an SFR indicator with an accuracy of ∼0.4 dex, or ∼0.2 dex if

is known independently. Furthermore, together with the Infrared Space Observatory measurements of [N ii], we use a total of ∼200 galaxies to derive the local [N ii] 205 μm luminosity function (LF) by tying it to the known IR LF with a bivariate method. As a practical application, we also compute the local SFR volume density (

) using the newly derived SFR calibrator and LF. The resulting

yr−1 Mpc−3 agrees well with previous studies. Finally, we determine the electron densities (n

e
) of the ionized medium for a subsample of 12 (U)LIRGs with both [N ii] 205 μm and [N ii] 122 μm data, and find that n

e
is in the range of ∼1–100 cm−3, with a median value of 22 cm−3.
FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTERS: DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE COMPLEX MERGER MACS J1149.6+2223
Authors: Ogrean G. A. , Weeren R. J. van , Jones C. , Forman W. , Dawson W. A. , Golovich N. , Andrade-Santos F. , Murray S. S. , Nulsen P. , Roediger E. , Zitrin A. , Bulbul E. , Kraft R. , Goulding A. , Umetsu K. , Mroczkowski T. , Bonafede A. , Randall S. , Sayers J. , Churazov E. , David L. , Merten J. , Donahue M. , Mason B. , Rosati P. , Vikhlinin A. , Ebeling H. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields cluster MACS J1149.6+2223 is one of the most complex merging clusters, believed to consist of four dark matter halos. We present results from deep (365 ks) Chandra observations of the cluster, which reveal the most distant cold front (z = 0.544) discovered to date. In the cluster outskirts, we also detect hints of a surface brightness edge that could be the bow shock preceding the cold front. The substructure analysis of the cluster identified several components with large relative radial velocities, thus indicating that at least some collisions occur almost along the line of sight. The inclination of the mergers with respect to the plane of the sky poses significant observational challenges at X-ray wavelengths. MACS J1149.6+2223 possibly hosts a steep-spectrum radio halo. If the steepness of the radio halo is confirmed, then the radio spectrum, combined with the relatively regular ICM morphology, could indicate that MACS J1149.6+2223 is an old merging cluster.
GAS KINEMATICS AND STAR FORMATION IN THE FILAMENTARY IRDC G34.43+0.24
Authors: Xu Jin-Long , Li Di , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Liu Xiao-Lan , Wang Jun-Jie , Ning Chang-Chun , Ju Bing-Gang 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We performed a multiwavelength study toward the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G34.43+0.24. New maps of 13CO J = 1–0 and C18O J = 1–0 were obtained from the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) 13.7 m radio telescope. At 8 μm (Spitzer-IRAC), IRDC G34.43+0.24 appears to be a dark filament extended by 18′ along the north–south direction. Based on the association with the 870 μm and C18O J = 1–0 emission, we suggest that IRDC G34.43+0.24 should not be 18′ in length, but extend to 34′. IRDC G34.43+0.24 contains some massive protostars, UC H ii regions, and infrared bubbles. The spatial extend of IRDC G34.43+0.24 is about 37 pc, assuming a distance of 3.7 kpc. IRDC G34.43+0.24 has a linear mass density of ∼1.6 × 103
M
⊙ pc−1, which is roughly consistent with its critical mass to length ratio. The turbulent motion may help stabilize the filament against the radial collapse. Both infrared bubbles N61 and N62 show a ringlike structure at 8 μm. In particular, N61 has a double-shell structure that has expanded into IRDC G34.43+0.24. The outer shell is traced by 8 μm and 13CO J = 1–0 emission, while the inner shell is traced by 24 μm and 20 cm emission. We suggest that the outer shell (9.9 × 105 years) is created by the expansion of H ii region G34.172+0.175, while the inner shell (4.1 ∼ 6.3 × 105 years) may be produced by the energetic stellar wind of its central massive star. From the GLIMPSE I catalog, we selected some Class I sources with an age of ∼105 years. These Class I sources are clustered along the filamentary molecular cloud.