bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal IgA and IFN-γ+ CD8 T cell immunity are important in the efficacy of live Salmonella enteria serovar Choleraesuis vaccines
Authors: Zhu Liangquan , Zhao Xinxin , Yin Qing , Liu Xianyong , Chen Xiang , Huang Chunjuan , Suo Xun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSalmonellosis, a disease caused by non-typhoidalSalmonellastrains which can be transmitted from swine to humans, is one of the leading public health problems around the world. Paratyphoid of swine is controlled by vaccinating swine withSalmonella entericaserovar Choleraesuis (S.Choleraesuis) live vaccine strain C500 in China. Although the vaccine has good prophylactic efficacy, the mechanism of immunogenicity is unclear. Using a C500-derived paratyphoid thermo-stable live vaccine (PTSL vaccine), we demonstrated that the PTSL vaccine induces strong primary and memory immune responses in piglets. Mucosal IgA and IFN-γ+/CD8+T cells induced by the PTSL vaccine play key roles in the protection of the host fromSalmonellainfection. Our findings have important implications on the development of new and improved vaccines against salmonellosis and using live-attenuatedSalmonellaas vaccine carriers.
Cortistatin reduces atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoE-deficient mice and the formation of foam cells
Authors: Delgado-Maroto Virginia , Benitez Raquel , Forte-Lago Irene , Morell Maria , Maganto-Garcia Elena , Souza-Moreira Luciana , O’Valle Francisco , Duran-Prado Mario , Lichtman Andrew H. , Gonzalez-Rey Elena , Delgado Mario 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease that is responsible of high mortality worldwide. Evidence indicates that maladaptive autoimmune responses in the arterial wall play critical roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide expressed in the vascular system and atherosclerotic plaques that regulates vascular calcification and neointimal formation, and inhibits inflammation in different experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Its role in inflammatory cardiovascular disorders is largely unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of cortistatin in two well-established preclinical models of atherosclerosis, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Systemic treatment with cortistatin reduced the number and size of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery, heart, aortic arch and aorta in acute and chronic atherosclerosis induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-lipid diet. This effect was exerted at multiple levels. Cortistatin reduced Th1/Th17-driven inflammatory responses and increased regulatory T cells in atherosclerotic arteries and lymphoid organs. Moreover, cortistatin reduced the capacity of endothelial cells to bind and recruit immune cells to the plaque and impaired the formation of foam cells by enhancing cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Cortistatin emerges as a new candidate for the treatment of the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis.
Emergence of a coherent and cohesive swarm based on mutual anticipation
Authors: Murakami Hisashi , Niizato Takayuki , Gunji Yukio-Pegio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCollective behavior emerging out of self-organization is one of the most striking properties of an animal group. Typically, it is hypothesized that each individual in an animal group tends to align its direction of motion with those of its neighbors. Most previous models for collective behavior assume an explicit alignment rule, by which an agent matches its velocity with that of neighbors in a certain neighborhood, to reproduce a collective order pattern by simple interactions. Recent empirical studies, however, suggest that there is no evidence for explicit matching of velocity, and that collective polarization arises from interactions other than those that follow the explicit alignment rule. We here propose a new lattice-based computational model that does not incorporate the explicit alignment rule but is based instead on mutual anticipation and asynchronous updating. Moreover, we show that this model can realize densely collective motion with high polarity. Furthermore, we focus on the behavior of a pair of individuals, and find that the turning response is drastically changed depending on the distance between two individuals rather than the relative heading, and is consistent with the empirical observations. Therefore, the present results suggest that our approach provides an alternative model for collective behavior.
HbA1c level cannot predict the treatment outcome of smear-positive non-multi-drug-resistant HIV-negative pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients
Authors: Tashiro Ken , Horita Nobuyuki , Nagai Kenjiro , Ikeda Misako , Shinkai Masaharu , Yamamoto Masaki , Sato Takashi , Hara Yu , Nagakura Hideyuki , Shibata Yuji , Watanabe Hiroki , Nakashima Kentaro , Ushio Ryota , Nagashima Akimichi , Narita Atsuya , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Kudo Makoto , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study to evaluate whether the HbA1c level on admission could predict the in-hospital treatment outcome of smear-positive non-multi-drug-resistant HIV-negative culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients. Our standard regimens under the direct observation were HRZE or HRE for the first two months followed by combination therapy with isoniazid and rifampicin. Our cohort consisted of consecutive 239 patients consisted of 147 men and 92 women with a median age of 73 years. The HbA1c level of patients whose HbA1c was above 7.0% on admission showed clear declining trends after admission. HbA1c on admission had no Spearman’s rank correlation with time to discharge alive (r = 0.17) and time to becoming non-infective (r = 0.17). By Kaplan-Meier curves and a log-rank trend test, HbA1c quartile subgroups showed no association with times to discharge alive (p = 0.431), becoming non-infective (p = 0.113), and in-hospital death (p = 0.427). Based on multi-variate Cox analysis, HbA1c on admission had no significant impact on time to discharge alive (hazard ratio = 1.03, 95% CI 0.89–1.20, p = 0.659), becoming non-infective (hazard ratio = 0.93, 95% CI 0.80–1.06, p = 0.277), and in-hospital death (hazard ratio = 0.68, 0.43–1.07, p = 0.097). In conclusion, the HbA1c level on admission did not seem to affect in-hospital tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Japanese cohort.
Breathing modes of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Santorini, Greece)
Authors: Bakalis Evangelos , Mertzimekis Theo J. , Nomikou Paraskevi , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSubmarine volcanoes, such as Kolumbo (Santorini, Greece) are natural laboratories for fostering multidisciplinary studies. Their investigation requires the most innovative marine technology together with advanced data analysis. Conductivity and temperature of seawater were recorded directly above Kolumbo’s hydrothermal vent system. The respective time series have been analyzed in terms of non–equilibrium techniques. The energy dissipation of the volcanic activity is monitored by the temperature variations of seawater. The venting dynamics of chemical products is monitored by water conductivity. The analysis of the time series in terms of stochastic processes delivers scaling exponents with turning points between consecutive regimes for both conductivity and temperature. Changes of conductivity are shown to behave as a universal multifractal and their variance is subdiffusive as the scaling exponents indicate. Temperature is constant over volcanic rest periods and a universal multifractal behavior describes its changes in line with a subdiffusive character otherwise. The universal multifractal description illustrates the presence of non–conservative conductivity and temperature fields showing that the system never retains a real equilibrium state. The existence of a repeated pattern of the combined effect of both seawater and volcanic activity is predicted. The findings can shed light on the dynamics of chemical products emitted from the vents and point to the presence of underlying mechanisms that govern potentially hazardous, underwater volcanic environments.
Remote Monitoring of Perforator Flaps Using an Innovative Device with an Application for Mobile Phone: A Pilot Study
Authors: de la Parra Miguel , Montaño Javier 
Published: April 2017

Background Surveillance and monitoring of perforator flaps has been well established for many years as a reliable method to detect early changes in the blood flow of the flap. In this manner, early flap revisions could be performed in cases of probable thrombosis.
Methods We performed a pilot study that included the first 12 patients to use this device. A temperature sensor electrode was used for remote monitoring of perforator flaps using a mobile phone in real time via a general pocket radio service and short messages developed by the authors, allowing the surgeon to check the temperature from any location.
Results The device continually displays the temperature of the flaps in real time performing a curve with measurements every 5 minute using the web page. A significant difference (p < 0.05) is shown between flaps with sufficient flow and flaps with venous thrombosis.
Conclusion Real-time direct thermography via the surgeon's mobile phone is a reliable method for flap monitoring, facilitating monitorization during the time when the surgeon is away from the hospital.
Unique Image Characteristics of an Occipital Primary Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma: A Rare Case Report and a Brief Literature Review
Authors: He Xin , Yuan Tingting , Yan Yuzhu , Yu Jinlu , Tong Dan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrimary osteosarcomas of the skull and skull base are rare and comprise < 2% of all skull tumors. In head and neck osteosarcomas, the chondroblastic subtype occurs most frequently, which has an exceedingly poor outcome, but its image characteristic remains unknown. Herein, we report a case in the right occipital bone of the skull base and the unique characteristics of image. Pathologic examination of the surgical specimens led to the diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcomas. We believe those image characteristics can improve the understanding of skull chondroblastic osteosarcoma and the preoperative diagnosis.
First Neonatal Demise with Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection in the United States of America
Authors: Zacharias Nikolaos , Whitty Janice , Noblin Sarah , Tsakiri Sophia , Garcia Jose , Covinsky Michael , Bhattacharjee Meenakshi , Saulino David , Tatevian Nina , Blackwell Sean 
Published: April 2017

AbstractZika virus is increasingly recognized as a fetal pathogen worldwide. We describe the first case of neonatal demise with travel-associated Zika virus infection in the United States of America, including a novel prenatal ultrasound finding. A young Latina presented to our health care system in Southeast Texas for prenatal care at 23 weeks of gestation. Fetal Dandy–Walker malformation, asymmetric cerebral ventriculomegaly, single umbilical artery, hypoechoic fetal knee, dorsal foot edema, and mild polyhydramnios were noted upon initial screening prenatal sonography at 26 weeks. A growth-restricted, microcephalic, and arthrogrypotic infant was delivered alive at 36 weeks but died within an hour despite resuscitation. The neonatal karyotype was normal. Flavivirus IgM antibodies were identified in the serum of the puerpera, once she disclosed that she had traveled from El Salvador to Texas in the early second trimester. Zika virus was identified in the umbilical cord and neonatal brain. Fetal arthritis may precede congenital arthrogryposis in cases of Zika virus infection and may be detectable by prenatal sonography. Physician and health care system vigilance is required to optimally address the significant and enduring Zika virus global health threat.
The Diagnostic Value of Whole Blood lncRNA ENST00000550337.1 for Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Xuejie , Zhao Zhenzhou , Gao Chuanyu , Rao Lixin , Hao Peiyuan , Jian Dongdong , Li Wentao , Tang Haiyu , Li Muwei 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study aims to investigate long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) as biomarker for pre-diabetes and T2DM.
LncRNAs in the peripheral blood of 6 healthy individuals and 6 T2DM patients were collected for microarray analysis. Then 5 candidate biomarkers from the differentially expressed lncRNAs were chosen and verified in a larger independent cohort (control group=20; pre-diabetes group=20; and T2DM group=20). The diagnostic capacity of ENST00000550337.1 was further tested in the third cohort (control group, n=60; pre-diabetes group, n=63; and T2DM group, n=64).
A total of 17 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the 2 groups. 14 lncRNAs of these were upregulated in T2DM patients and 3 were downregulated. 5 upregulated lncRNAs were selected as potential biomarkers and verified in the second cohort, and the expression levels of 3 lncRNAs increased gradually from the control group to the pre-diabetes group to the T2DM group. The diagnostic value of ENST00000550337.1 was then tested in the third cohort, and its high diagnostic value for pre-diabetes and T2DM was confirmed.
LncRNA ENST00000550337.1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for pre-diabetes and T2DM.
Effect of Carnosine on Renal Function, Oxidation and Glycation Products in the Kidneys of High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Fatih Aydın Abdurrahman , Küçükgergin Canan , Bingül İlknur , Doğan-Ekici Işın , Doğru-Abbasoğlu Semra , Uysal Müjdat 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats provide an animal model for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of diabetic complications. Carnosine (CAR) has antioxidant and antiglycating properties. We investigated effects of CAR on renal function, oxidation and glycation products in HFD+STZ-rats.
Rats were fed with HFD (60% of total calories from fat) for 4 weeks and then a single dose STZ (40 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL were fed with HFD until the end of the 12th week. CAR (250 mg/kg body weight; i.p.; 5 times a week) was administered to rats for the last 4 weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, lipids, and andrenal function tests in serum as well as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, advanced oxidation protein products, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), antioxidant power, and antioxidant enzyme activities and their mRNA expressions in kidneys were determined.
CAR treatment did not alter glucose and HbA1c, but it decreased serum lipids, creatinine, and urea levels in HFD+STZ rats. Oxidation products of lipids and proteins and AGEs levels decreased, but antioxidant enzyme activities and their mRNA expressions remained unchanged due to CAR treatment.
Our results indicate that CAR treatment alleviated renal function and decreased accumulation of oxidation and glycation products in kidneys in HFD+STZ-rats.
Monitoring Thyroid Function in Patients on Levothyroxine. Assessment of Conformity to National Guidance and Variability in Practice
Authors: Scargill Jonathan , Livingston Mark , Holland David , Duff Christopher , Fryer Anthony , Heald Adrian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
With demand for endocrine tests steadily increasing year-on-year, we examined thyroid function test (TFT) frequencies in patients on levothyroxine replacement therapy to assess the effect of initial TFT results and request source on TFT re-testing interval.
All TFTs performed by the Clinical Biochemistry Departments at the Salford Royal Hospital (2009–2012; 288 263 requests from 139 793 patients) and University Hospital of North Midlands (2011–2014; 579 156 requests from 193 035 patients) were extracted from the laboratory computer systems. Of these, 54 894 tests were on 13 297 patients confirmed to be on levothyroxine therapy in the test cohort (Salford) and 67 298 requests on 11 971 patients in the confirmatory cohort (North Midlands).
In the test cohort, median TFT re-testing interval in the total group was 19.1 weeks (IQR 9.1–37.7 weeks), with clearly defined peaks in TFT re-testing evident at 6 and 12 months and a prominent broad peak at 1–3 months. Median re-test interval was much lower than recommended (52 weeks) for those with normal TFTs at 31.3 weeks (30.6 weeks for the confirmatory cohort). Where thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was elevated and free thyroxine (fT4) was below the reference range, re-test interval was much longer than is recommended (8 weeks) at 13.4–17.6 weeks (7.1–23.4 weeks in the confirmatory cohort), as was the interval when TSH was below and fT4 was above the normal range, at 16.7–25.6 weeks (27.5–31.9 weeks in the confirmatory cohort).
Our findings show that the majority of TFT requests are requested outside recommended intervals and within-practice variability is high. A new approach to ensuring optimum monitoring frequency is required. Direct requesting from the clinical laboratory may provide one such solution.
Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Comparison of Patients and Controls
Authors: García-Mayor Ricardo , García-Soidán Francisco , Salgado Barreira Angel ,   on behalf of the TRACONAL STUDY GROUP
Published: April 2017

Abstract
To determine the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), to identify the more predominant forms of ED, and to clarify if ED is associated with impaired metabolic control.
A cohort of 517 patients with T2DM aged≥40 years and a control cohort of 304 patients without diabetes, age and gender matched, were enrolled from 3 primary care centres. All subjects completed the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R), followed by a structured interview (EDE 17th version).
The overall prevalence of ED in patients with T2DM and control cohorts was 32.5% and 19.7%, respectively (p<0.001). The frequency of ED in the patients with T2DM cohort was significantly higher in male than in female: 61.9% vs. 38.1% of the ED, respectively (p<0.001). The most prevalent form was unspecified feeding or eating disorder, mainly uncontrolled picking at food in 24.6% of subjects, which is significantly more prevalent in the patients with T2DM cohort than in controls, 24.6% vs. 14.5% (p<0.001). Mean HbA1c was 7.15%±1.1% (55 mmol/mol, 159 mg/dL) and 6.84%±1.1% (51 mmol/mol,150 mg/dL) in patients with T2DM with ED and without ED, respectively (p=0.047).
ED have a high prevalence in patients with T2DM, and the coexistence of type 2 diabetes and ED significantly affects metabolic control in these patients.
Gesture-speech unity
Authors: McNeill David 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Minimal packages of language embodiment have been called growth points (GPs). In a GP gesture and speech are inherent and equal parts. Out of a GP comes speech orchestrated around a gesture. Can theories of language origin explain this dynamic process? A popular theory, gesture-first, cannot; in fact, it fails twice – predicting what did not evolve (that gesture was marginalized when speech emerged), and not predicting what did evolve (that there is gesture-speech unity). A new theory, called Mead’s Loop, is proposed that meets the test. Mead’s Loop agrees that gesture was indispensable to the origin of language but holds that gesture was not first, that any gesture-first could not have led to language, and that to reach it gesture and speech had to be “equiprimordial.”
Gesture in socio-moral reasoning
Authors: Beaudoin-Ryan Leanne 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter will be to expand our understanding of the effects that gestures have on learning by exploring their impact on the acquisition of non-spatial concepts. This is crucial to our understanding of how exactly gestures help learners – a premise at the very heart of this book. It could be the case that gesture simply aids in the learning of spatial information. In and of itself, this is a remarkable contribution. Alternatively, it could be that gesture actually conveys a general cognitive benefit by aiding in the learning of both spatial and non-spatial information, making gesture a potent tool for understanding the world around us. Using extant literature in conjunction with experimental findings, I will make a case for the latter.
Making and breaking common ground
Authors: Nathan Mitchell J. , Alibali Martha W. , Church R. Breckinridge 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Teachers regularly use gesture as part of multimodal instruction to both break and make common ground. Teachers break common ground when they introduce new ideas and new mathematical practices. Teachers make common ground by connecting new ideas to students’ prior knowledge and to current disciplinary practices. Our findings show the importance of linking gestures, a highly regulated aspect of pedagogical communication, which is used to foster connection building, while reducing the cognitive demands for learners. A focus on the function of pedagogical gesture for managing common ground provides an account of classroom learning that resolves the Learning Paradox by examining the establishment, maintenance and disruption of common ground.
Torture laid bare
Authors: Mooney Annabelle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTorture, while internationally sanctioned, is not well-defined. This paper sets out a Minimal English definition of the crime of ‘torture’ in international law. The four elements of torture are: (1) infliction of severe pain and suffering (2) acting with intent (3) for a purpose (4) by the state. The connection between intention and outcome is considered in the light of presumptions. I then briefly consider the concept of ‘lawful sanctions’ and the UN Standard Minimum Rules that apply to the treatment of prisoners to establish a baseline against which allegations of torture can be measured. Finally, I argue that current regimes of British benefit sanctions, whereby social welfare payments are stopped, may in some cases constitute torture. This argument considers the effects of sanctions and the discourses and ideologies attached to social welfare claimants.
Biofilm Formation on Aquaculture Substrates by Selected Bacterial Fish Pathogens
Authors: Cai Wenlong , Arias Covadonga R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether common bacterial catfish pathogens could attach and colonize surfaces commonly found in aquaculture facilities. In addition, we evaluated the role of calcium in biofilm formation. Attachment to polystyrene plates was used to quantify biofilm formation by five bacterial pathogens (i.e., Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella ictaluri, E. tarda, and E. piscicida). Flavobacterium columnare and A. hydrophila formed thick biofilms that were enhanced by calcium supplementation. Biofilm formation was significantly lower in all Edwardsiella species tested and calcium had little to no effect on Edwardsiella biofilm formation. Attachment to natural and artificial surfaces was quantified by a standard plate count method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm biofilm formation on the substrates. Flavobacterium columnare formed biofilm on the liner, flexible PVC, and nets. Bamboo prevented F. columnare attachment and inhibited cell growth. Aeromonas hydrophila and E. ictaluri formed biofilm on all materials tested, although significant differences were found among substrates. While E. ictaluri failed to form biofilm on microtiter polystyrene plates, it was able to colonize and multiply on all aquaculture materials tested. Our results demonstrated that common bacterial pathogens had the potential of colonizing surfaces and may use biofilm as reservoirs in fish farms.
Received July 19, 2016; accepted January 19, 2017 Published online April 13, 2017