bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular fitness, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome risk factors among adolescent estonian boys: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lätt Evelin , Mäestu Jarek , Rääsk Triin , Jürimäe Toivo , Jürimäe Jaak 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe aim was to examine the changes in metabolic syndrome risk factors over a 2‐year period, and to investigate the independent influence of baseline physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular fitness (CVF) on these changes.Methods120 Estonian boys (age at baseline 11.9 ± 0.1 years) were grouped according to baseline PA or CVF/kg (VO2max/kg) and CVF/LBM (VO2max/LBM). PA was assessed by 7‐day accelerometry. Total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TRG), insulin and glucose were measured and assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and TC/HDL ratio were calculated.ResultsIn both CVF/kg and CVF/LBM, the low CVF groups had significantly higher values of HOMA‐IR (P < 0.009) over time. In TRG and TC/HDL ratio values the only significant difference over time emerged between CVF/kg groups (P < 0.001). Participants in high metabolic risk CVF/kg group were 5.9 times more likely to have high HOMA‐IR values, 2.9 times more likely to have high triglyceride values, and 3.5 times more likely to have high TC/HDL ratio values (P ≤ 0.045) in the second year follow‐up compared to those who were in the low metabolic risk CVF/kg group. In moderate‐to‐vigorous PA groups there were no significant differences between HOMA‐IR, TRG, and TC/HDL ratio values over time.ConclusionsThe results of the study indicate that CVF has a stronger longitudinal prediction value compared to moderate to vigorous physical activity in terms of metabolic risk factors in adolescent boys. Fitness remained a significant predictor if the influence of body fatness was removed from the analysis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:782–788, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macrocyclic Toolbox from Epothilone Fragment Identifies a Compound Showing Molecular Interactions with Actin and Novel Promoters of Apoptosis in Patient‐derived Brain Tumor Cells
Authors: Dasari Bhanudas , Fufa Temesgen , Aeluri Madhu , Gaddam Jagan , Deora Girdhar Singh , Gaunitz Frank , Kitambi Satish Srinivas , Arya Prabhat 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA simple, practical stereoselective synthesis of the epothilone fragment is developed to obtain a diverse set of expanded 18‐membered macrocyclic compounds. These macrocycles contain the C5–C8 sub‐unit of epothilone and an additional amino acid moiety incorporated in the 18‐membered macrocycle, which allows the synthesis of several analogs with a variation in the chiral side chain. The epothilone fragment was obtained by using an enantiopure epoxide, which was subjected to a regioselective opening, giving the key derivative. Finally, the synthesis of the 18‐membered macrocyclic ring was achieved by employing two key steps: (i) acylation with an N‐allylated amino acid moiety, and (ii) a ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) approach. Computational studies of the macrocyclic compounds obtained from this study with actin give rise to the proposed molecular interactions with the target protein. Further, the screening of our chemical toolbox from this program (i.e., the final products and several intermediates) identified several compounds as promoters of apoptosis in patient‐derived brain tumor glioma cells.
Fluorofuroxans: Synthesis and Application as Photoinduced Nitric Oxide Donors
Authors: Ando Akihiro , Matsubara Ryosuke , Takazawa Saori , Shimada Toshiyuki , Hayashi Masahiko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of 3‐ and 4‐fluorofuroxans is reported for the first time. Under photoirradiation and physiological conditions, 4‐fluorofuroxans with weaker nitric oxide‐releasing ability are converted into 3‐fluorofuroxans, which show remarkable thiol‐mediated nitric oxide‐releasing properties, thereby suggesting that 4‐fluorofuroxans are potent photoinduced nitric oxide donors.
Physical burden and lower limb bone structure at the origin of agriculture in the levant
Authors: May Hila , Ruff Christopher 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the femoral midshaft morphological characteristics in hunter‐gathering Natufian and farming Pre‐pottery Neolithic (PPN) populations in the southern Levant and relate these to changes in mobility, physical stress, and diet.Materials and Methods32 Natufian, 41 PPNB, and 26 PPNC femora, dating from 14,900 to 8,250 cal BP, were studied. Femoral diaphyseal cross‐sectional images were obtained from CT scans. Dedicated software was used to measure cross‐sectional breadths, areas, cortical bone thickness, rigidity, and strength.ResultsTwo general temporal trends in femoral bone architecture were observed: (1) a continuous decline in the relative amount of bone tissue (cortical area/total area) due to expansion of the medullary cavity and (2) an increase in circularity (decrease in anteroposterior/mediolateral ratios) together with an overall decline in bone rigidity and strength, mainly apparent in the later PPNC. The first trend suggests a gradual decline in nutritional quality and health continuing from the Natufian through the late Neolithic. The second trend is interpreted as a result of increased sedentism with the full establishment of agriculture.DiscussionThe transition to food production in the southern Levant was accompanied by reduced physical stress and mobility, with the most marked effects occurring toward the end of the PPN with increasing sedentism. Deterioration of nutrition and health also occurred, but more continuously from the beginning of the PPN. Thus, environmental changes associated with the agricultural transition in this region of the world were gradual and prolonged, with direct dietary effects more apparent earlier than reductions in mobility. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:26–36, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of abdominal trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock requiring emergency laparotomy: efficacy of intra‐aortic balloon occlusion
Authors: Kunitatsu Kosei , Ueda Kentaro , Iwasaki Yasuhiro , Yamazoe Shinji , Yonemitsu Takafumi , Kawazoe Yu , Kawashima Syuji , Shibata Naoaki , Kato Seiya 
Published: May 2016

AimThe aims of this study were to investigate outcomes of abdominal trauma in patients with hemorrhagic shock requiring emergency laparotomy and clarify the beneficial effects of intra‐aortic balloon occlusion (IABO) for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage in patients with critically uncontrollable hemorrhagic shock (CUHS).MethodsWe reviewed 44 hemorrhagic shock patients who underwent emergency laparotomy for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage over a 6‐year period. Of these patients, we examined data for 19 subjects who underwent IABO during initial resuscitation to control massive intra‐abdominal bleeding leading to CUHS.ResultsThe average Injury Severity Score and probability of survival (Ps) of the 44 patients were 27.6 ± 15.4 and 0.735 ± 0.304, respectively, and the overall survival rate was 77.3%. The differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale, lactate level, prothrombin time – international normalized ratio, and Ps between the two groups (21 responders and 23 non‐responders) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Intra‐aortic balloon occlusion was attempted in 19 of 23 patients (82.6%) with CUHS, and there were no statistically significant differences in presenting Glasgow Coma Scale, body temperature, lactate, prothrombin time – international normalized ratio, or Revised Trauma Score between the survivors (n = 12) and non‐survivors (n = 7). The only significant differences between these two groups were observed in Injury Severity Score (P = 0.047) and Ps (P = 0.007). In all patients, the balloons were successfully placed in 8.1 ± 3.3 min in the thoracic aorta, and a significant increase in systolic blood pressure was observed immediately after IABO.ConclusionThe IABO procedure can be life‐saving in the management of patients with CUHS arising from intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, permitting transport to surgery.
Molecularly imprinted PVC beads for the recognition of proteins
Authors: Ayadi Hassan , Mekhalif Tahar , Salmi Zakaria , Carbonnier Benjamin , Djazi Fayçal , Chehimi Mohamed M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTUltrathin films of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were prepared by photoiniferter on PVC beads for the selective uptake of lysozyme, taken as a model protein. Acrylamide was selected as the functional monomer and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinking agent. The copolymerization process was confined to the surface of the PVC beads grafted with diethyldithiocarbamate iniferter initiator in the presence of lysozyme. After extraction of lysozyme from the shell of the PVC‐MIP beads, the latter were then used as artificial receptors for the rebinding of lysozyme. The sequential steps of the modification of PVC beads were monitored by XPS, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The imprinting step was found to be essential as the PVC‐MIP beads could recognize lysozyme but not the non‐imprinted beads (PVC‐NIP). The binding properties of PVC‐MIP beads were determined using UV spectroscopy from adsorption isotherms of lysozyme, cytochrome, and myoglobin. The imprinted beads were found to be highly selective toward lysozyme over the competitive proteins. This work shows the interest of photoiniferter as an efficient mean for the design of molecularly imprinted polymer beads for rapid, selective removal of proteins. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43694.
Richard P. Wool's contributions to sustainable polymers from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Bassett Alexander W. , La Scala John J. , Stanzione Joseph F. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTProfessor Richard P. Wool led the resurgence of renewable and sustainable polymers. This began through the development of rigid structural composites from plant oils and renewable fibers. These developments required the use of chemical modification of triglycerides through acrylation, maleinization, and other methods while also using selected comonomers to affect the resulting polymer properties. In addition, high performing adhesives and foams were also prepared from modified plant oils. This work shows that lignin can be used as an additive in composites, and nontoxic and value added monomers and polymers from lignin can be prepared. These developments have found utility in composites, coatings, adhesives, electronics, and clothing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43801.
Light‐scattering properties of linear low density polyethylene/polystyrene films fabricated through layer‐multiplying technology
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Xue Juan , Xiong Ying , Shen Jiabin , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe material consisting of alternating layers of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/polystyrene (PS) blend (90/10 wt/wt) and pure poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) was prepared through layer‐multiplying extrusion. The LLDPE/PS light‐scattering films were obtained by peeling off the PMMA layers. Morphological examination demonstrated that the PS particles were dispersed as spherical domains in all the LLDPE/PS layers and the average diameter increased from skin to core layers. When a laser beam was vertically incident on the individual layers, the one located in the skin layer had a stronger light‐scattering pattern than that located in the core layer. All the LLDPE/PS films had a similar transmittance close to 90%, while the haze tended to decrease from the skin layer toward the core layer. The Mie's scattering theory was applied to analyze the influence of morphological evolution on the light scattering behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43826.
Hybridizing MWCNT with nano metal oxides and TiO2 in epoxy composites: Influence on mechanical and thermal performances
Authors: Gazderazi Masoomeh , Jamshidi Masoud 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and its hybrids with iron oxide (Fe2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on mechanical characteristics and thermal properties of epoxy binder was evaluated. Furthermore, simultaneous effects of using MWCNT with TiO2 as pigment and CaCO3 as filler for epoxy composites were determined. To investigate effects of nano‐ and micro‐particles on epoxy matrix, the samples were evaluated by TGA and DTA. It was found that the hybrid of MWCNT with nano metal oxides caused considerable increment in the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy samples in comparison to the single MWCNT containing samples at the same filler contents. Significant improvement in the thermal conductivity of epoxy samples was obtained by using TiO2 pigment along with MWCNT. The TiO2 pigment also caused considerable improvement in mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix and the MWCNT containing nanocomposite. The best mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites were obtained at 1.5 wt % of MWCNT and 7 wt % of TiO2 that it should be attributed to particle network forming of the particles which cause better nano/micro dispersion and properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43834.
Grundinstandsetzung der Wehranlage Untertürkheim
Authors: Rathgeb Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNach über 80 Jahren Betrieb wurde die Wehranlage Untertürkheim in den Jahren 2007–2012 von Grund auf instand gesetzt. In mehreren Bauabschnitten wurden die Wehrpfeiler komplett erneuert, die Wehrsohle ertüchtigt sowie Wehrverschlüsse und Antriebe durch Neukonstruktionen ersetzt. Das Sanierungskonzept erforderte je Bauabschnitt eine Baugrubenumschließung, die sich über zwei von vier Wehrfeldern erstreckte. Anhand von hydraulischen Modellversuchen konnte im Vorfeld jedoch nachgewiesen werden, dass die Hochwasserabfuhr auch während der Bauzeit gewährleistet werden kann. Trotz mancher Überraschungen durch das Bauen im Bestand konnte die Sanierung erfolgreich abgeschlossen und der veranschlagte Kostenrahmen gehalten werden.Reconstruction of the Weir UntertürkheimAfter more than 80 years of operation, the Weir Untertürkheim was totally reconstructed between 2007 and 2012. In several phases the concrete structure was rebuilt or enhanced. Gates and drives were replaced by completely new ones. The remedial design required a sheet pile wall around two of the four weir spans while flood discharge had to be ensured. Therefore, hydraulic model tests were carried out. Although surprises were linked to rebuilding an existing structure the restoration could be finished successfully and in line with the budget.
Erweitertes Druckbogenmodell für die Bestimmung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahl‐ und Spannbetonbalken
Authors: Gleich Philipp , Kattenstedt Simone , Maurer Reinhard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWie Versuche zeigen, wird die tatsächliche Querkrafttragfähigkeit, insbesondere von Spannbetonbalken, durch das idealisierte Fachwerkmodell erheblich unterschätzt. Ursache dafür ist der vernachlässigte Betontraganteil. Dieser kann durch das Druckbogenmodell auf Grundlage ebenbleibender Querschnitte im Zustand I und II zutreffend beschrieben werden, solange es sich im Zustand II um reine Biegerissbildung handelt. Mit zunehmender Schubrissbildung, bis hin zum Bruchzustand, trifft die Voraussetzung des Ebenbleibens der Querschnitte immer weniger zu, sodass die Versuche vor allem im Bereich der Innenstützen von Durchlaufträgern nicht mehr zutreffend abgebildet werden können. Nachfolgend wird ein erweitertes Druckbogenmodell vorgestellt, das zusätzlich den Einfluss aus einer Umlagerung der inneren Kräfte in ein fachwerkartiges Tragsystem bei ausgeprägter Schubrissbildung berücksichtigt. Damit kann der Betontraganteil aus dem Druckbogen auch bei starker Schubrissbildung im Bruchzustand zutreffend bestimmt werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Modell sowohl bei Spannbeton‐ als auch bei Stahlbetonbalken gleichermaßen angewendet werden kann.Extended compressive arch model to determine the shear capacity of rc/pc beamsExperimental investigations reveal that – especially in case of prestressed beams – the common truss model leads to a substantial underestimation of the true shear capacity. This is due to the negligence of the concrete shear capacity that can be determined using the compressive arch model as long as plane sections remain plane and only vertical cracks due to bending and no inclined cracks due to shear occur in state II. In case of inclined cracks due to shear plane sections do not remain plane. Hence, an extended compressive arch model is presented which also takes into account that parts of the acting shear force are covered by the truss model as a result of inclined cracks due to shear. This model can determine the concrete shear capacity resulting from arching effects even in case of existing shear cracks in state II. The presented model can be used for both prestressed concrete beams as well as reinforced concrete beams.
EasyClone‐MarkerFree: A vector toolkit for marker‐less integration of genes into Saccharomyces cerevisiae via CRISPR‐Cas9
Authors: Jessop‐Fabre Mathew M , Jakočiūnas Tadas , Stovicek Vratislav , Dai Zongjie , Jensen Michael K , Keasling Jay D , Borodina Irina 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is an established industrial host for production of recombinant proteins, fuels and chemicals. To enable stable integration of multiple marker‐free overexpression cassettes in the genome of S. cerevisiae, we have developed a vector toolkit EasyClone‐MarkerFree. The integration of linearized expression cassettes into defined genomic loci is facilitated by CRISPR/Cas9. Cas9 is recruited to the chromosomal location by specific guide RNAs (gRNAs) expressed from a set of gRNA helper vectors. Using our genome engineering vector suite, single and triple insertions are obtained with 90–100% and 60–70% targeting efficiency, respectively. We demonstrate application of the vector toolkit by constructing a haploid laboratory strain (CEN.PK113‐7D) and a diploid industrial strain (Ethanol Red) for production of 3‐hydroxypropionic acid, where we tested three different acetyl‐CoA supply strategies, requiring overexpression of three to six genes each. Among the tested strategies was a bacterial cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was integrated into the genome in a single transformation. The publicly available EasyClone‐MarkerFree vector suite allows for facile and highly standardized genome engineering, and should be of particular interest to researchers working on yeast chassis with limited markers available.
The Wilms’ tumor (WT1) gene expression correlates with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score in patients with myelofibrosis and it is a marker of response to therapy
Authors: Gallo Daniela , Nicoli Paolo , Calabrese Chiara , Gaidano Valentina , Petiti Jessica , Rosso Valentina , Signorino Elisabetta , Carturan Sonia , Bot‐Sartor Giada , Volpe Gisella , Frassoni Francesco , Saglio Giuseppe , Cilloni Daniela 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Wilms tumor gene WT1 is a useful marker of clonal hematopoiesis and it has been shown to be a good marker of residual disease and it reflects the response to therapy. Although myelofibrosis is characterized by mutations of JAK2 and calreticulin (CALR), these mutations are not useful to monitor response to therapy. In this study we demonstrated that in patients affected by myelofibrosis WT1 correlates with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score at diagnosis. Furthermore WT1 is a good marker of response to JAK2 inhibitors especially for patients without blasts and for patients who develop anemia or thrombocytopenia not for progression but as therapy related toxicity. Finally, WT1 transcript reduction can mirror a benefit of therapy on the disease burden. This study demonstrated that WT1 is a good marker for monitoring the response to therapy in patients affected by myelofibrosis.
A novel histologic grading scheme based on poorly differentiated clusters is applicable to treated rectal cancer and is associated with established histopathological prognosticators
Authors: Yang Michelle , Rehman Aseeb Ur , Zuo Chunlai , Sheehan Christine E. , Lee Edward C , Lin Jingmei , Zhao Zijin , Choi Euna , Lee Hwajeong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe conventional histologic grading of colorectal cancer (CRC) is less suited for resected rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Enumeration of poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) is a recently proposed histologic grading scheme. We aimed to apply PDC grading to treated rectal cancer and to test the prognostic significance of this novel approach. Archived hematoxylin and eosin slides of 72 rectal adenocarcinomas resected following neoadjuvant treatment were retrieved. PDC, tumor budding, and tumor regression were assessed. The parameters were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. PDC was strongly associated with tumor budding, perineural invasion (PNI), metastasis, and low degree of tumor regression. Tumor budding was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion and PNI, and metastasis. Tumors with a lower degree of regression were more likely to show high pathologic T stage and advanced clinical stage. Local recurrence was associated with poor survival. PDC did not correlate with overall survival. PDC grading is applicable to resected rectal cancer status post neoadjuvant treatment and correlates with established histopathological prognosticators. PDC and tumor budding may represent a histologic spectrum reflective of the same biological significance. Validation and incorporation of these simple histologic grading schemes may strengthen the prognostic power of the histologic parameters that influence the oncologic outcome in treated rectal cancer. Further study to evaluate the significance of PDC as an oncologic prognosticator is warranted.
Nature of Conduction Band Tailing in Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xue Jiawei , Zhu Xiaodi , Zhang Yi , Wang Wendong , Xie Wei , Zhou Jilong , Bao Jun , Luo Ying , Gao Xiang , Wang Yong , Jang Ling‐yun , Sun Song , Gao Chen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe involvement of oxygen vacancies in the electronic and structural properties and photocatalytic activity of hydrogenated TiO2 (H‐TiO2) for water splitting are currently under debate. Herein, the process for the formation of oxygen vacancies in H‐TiO2 is illustrated for the first time to verify the role of these vacancies on the surface and in the bulk of H‐TiO2 by using surface‐sensitive soft X‐ray techniques and bulk‐information‐included hard X‐ray techniques for the O K‐edges and Ti K‐edges, respectively. We find that oxygen vacancies on the surface and in the bulk contribute differently to tailing of the conduction band of H‐TiO2. By controlling the degree of hydrogenation to restrict tailing of the conduction band to just above the H+/H2 redox potential, the most favorable disordered structure for photocatalytic H2 evolution is developed. This work promotes a better understanding of the possible negative consequence of hydrogenated semiconductors in H2 evolution apart from the positive effect on visible‐light response.
Effect of Inlet Diameter on the Performance of a Filtering Hydrocyclone Separator
Authors: Vieira Luiz G. M. , Silva Danylo O. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn innovative hydrocyclone was designed, in which a conical filtering wall replaces the conical section, producing another liquid stream leaving the equipment, besides underflow and overflow streams. The influence of the inlet diameter of a filtering hydrocyclone was analyzed by an experimental and computational fluid dynamics study. Data from conventional hydrocyclones of the same configurations were also obtained. Under identical operating conditions and geometry, the filtering hydrocyclone presented a better performance than the conventional device. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, an about twofold increase in inlet diameter reduces the Euler number significantly.