Evaluation of Technologies and Technical Means for Using the Phenomenon of Natural Bischofite in the Field of Mining Industry and Ecology
Authors: Gurin Arkady , Shapovalov Viktor , Lyashenko Vasyl 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Goal
Evaluation of technologies and technical means for the use of the phenomenon of the aqueous solution of natural bischophyte (RPB) in various branches of the national economy, in particular, the mining and mineral industry, ecology and medicine. Their use will improve the economic efficiency and environmental safety of the processes of blasting rock mass in quarries and storing waste from enrichment of ore raw materials in tailings storage facilities, freezing and freezing of ore mass during its transportation to enrichment plants.

Research methods
During the study, systematization, and generalization of technologies and technical means of using RPB, the analysis of research and publications, the results of industrial and experimental research at landfills using standard and new methods with the participation of authors and leading specialists in the specified fields were used.

Scientific novelty
The main scientific, practical and social results of the assessment of technologies and technical means for the use of the phenomenon of water RPB in various sectors of the national economy, in particular, in the mining industry, ecology and medicine, are given. The functional dependence between the freezing temperature of the mining mass (tс, °С) and the content of the aqueous solution of natural bischofite in it (Сb, %) was established.

Practical significance
The technology to prevent winter slippage on quarry roads using RPB has been developed and implemented. Recommendations are given for combating the release of dust during the transportation of rock mass by rail transport, during mass explosions in quarries, on quarry highways and on tailings piles of GZK, with the use of RPB and bitumen emulsion, which allow to effectively fix dust surfaces from blowing dust. To reduce dust emission into the atmosphere during mass blasts in quarries, it is proposed to wet the surface of drilling dust with RPB with a density of 1250 - 1270 kg / m3 and a consumption of 4.5 - 5.0 l / m2.

The results
When using RPB instead of water during blasting operations in quarries, BP costs are reduced by 1.4-1.5 times and emissions of harmful gases during blasting are reduced by 20-30%. In underground mining operations, when water is replaced with RPB for moistening BP granules, the release of gases during a mass explosion in the mine is reduced by 1.3-1.4 times. To prevent freezing or freezing of rock mass to the inner surface of open wagons during transportation in the cold, preventive treatment of the inner surface of RPB railway wagons is carried out. In order to prevent ice on highways in quarries, they are also pre-treated with RPB. The technology of preventing winter slippage and dusting of quarry roads with RPB reagents with the use of watering machines was developed and implemented in the conditions of PJSC "Southern GZK" (Kryvbas, Ukraine). Recommendations for fighting dust on highways, landfills and tailings storage facilities of GZK, using RPB and bitumen emulsion, which allow to effectively fix dusty surfaces from blowing dust, using specially developed equipment, are given. In particular, the cost of processing ragweed RPB with an average overgrowth density of 5.0 kg/m2 at the current cost of the solution of UAH 960/ton does not exceed UAH 40 per 100 m2 (acre). One of the promising areas of further research is the use of large volumes of man-made underground cavities, formed during the leaching of bischofite, for the storage of useful liquid substances or for the disposal of waste at a depth of more than 1500 m.