bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder among nursing students at Palestine Polytechnique University during the Gaza war and the attack on the health care system
Authors: Amro Nadia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Gaza war and the attack on the healthcare system and healthcare personnel influenced the Palestinian people’s psychological status, especially healthcare professionals and university students.

Aim
The study aims to explore the impact of Gaza war on nursing students of Palestine Polytechnique University (PPU).

Method
In a cross-sectional design, 272 nursing students completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Chi-square test used to examine the association of PTSD severity with demographic variables; independent samples t-tests and ANOVA were used to compare means of PTSD subscales (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal); relationships between subscale scores and the total IES-R score were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results
71.3% of the Nursing students had high levels of PTSD symptoms, 14.7% were classified as having probable PTSD diagnosis, 10.7% had clinical concerns, and 3.3% with no clinical concern; hyperarousal and intrusion were the highest subscale scores; females showed higher levels of PTSD symptoms compared to males (p < .05); feelings of guilt when practicing happy events; negative impact on study significantly associated with higher PTSD severity (p < .05).

Conclusion
The study highlighted the significant impact of Gaza war events on nursing students’ mental health as evidenced by a high level of PSTD symptoms, despite the aggressive attack on health care system during war on Gaza students found to have high willingness to challenge and pursue in their future nursing career.

Implications
Targeted supportive mental health programs, resiliency, and coping mechanisms are needed for nursing students in the Palestinian context.
Artificial intelligence as an initial reader for double reading in breast cancer screening: a prospective initial study of 32,822 mammograms of the Egyptian population
Authors: Mansour Sahar , Sweed Enas , Gomaa Mohammed Mohammed Mohammed , Hussein Samar Ahmed , Abdallah Engy , Nada Yassmin Mohamed , Kamal Rasha , Mohamed Ghada , Taha Sherif Nasser , Moustafa Amr Farouk Ibrahim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Although artificial intelligence (AI) has potential in the field of screening of breast cancer, there are still issues. It is vital to make sure AI does not overlook cancer or cause needless recalls. The aim of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of indulging AI in combination with one radiologist in the routine double reading of mammography for breast cancer screening. The study prospectively analyzed 32,822 screening mammograms. Reading was performed in a blind-paired style by (i) two radiologists and (ii) one radiologist paired with AI. A heatmap and abnormality scoring percentage were provided by AI for abnormalities detected on mammograms. Negative mammograms and benign-looking lesions that were not biopsied were confirmed by a 2-year follow-up.

Results
Double reading by the radiologist and AI detected 1324 cancers (6.4%); on the other side, reading by two radiologists revealed 1293 cancers (6.2%) and presented a relative proportion of 1·02 (p < 0·0001). At the recall stage, suspicion and biopsy recommendation were more presented by the AI plus one radiologist combination than by the two radiologists. The interpretation of the mammogram by AI plus only one radiologist showed a sensitivity of 94.03%, a specificity of 99.75%, a positive predictive value of 96.571%, a negative predictive value of 99.567%, and an accuracy of 99.369% (from 99.252 to 99.472%). The positive likelihood ratio was 387.260, negative likelihood ratio was 0.060, and AUC “area under the curve” was 0.969 (0.967–0.971).

Conclusions
AI could be used as an initial reader for the evaluation of screening mammography in routine workflow. Implementation of AI enhanced the opportunity to reduce false negative cases and supported the decision to recall or biopsy.
Vasculitis associated with psoriatic arthritis: a case report
Authors: Jafarpour Mehdi , Rahbari Bita , Mehramuz Bahareh , Daneshvar Sara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with psoriasis, which affects joints. The coexistence of vasculitis, an inflammation of blood vessels, with psoriatic arthritis is rare, highlighting a complex interplay between autoimmune diseases that affect both joints and vascular structures.

Case presentation
We report on a 56-year-old male with a long-standing history of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, who presented with new-onset skin lesions and neurological symptoms. Clinical evaluations confirmed the presence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and asymmetric sensory motor axonal neuropathy. The absence of positive results from various standard tests led to a challenging diagnostic process, ultimately pointing towards vasculitis associated with psoriatic arthritis. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy, leading to partial symptom improvement.

Conclusions
This case underlines the complex and often overlapping nature of autoimmune conditions, particularly the occurrence of vasculitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis, which is rare. It stresses the importance of considering vasculitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis who present with unexplained skin lesions and neurological symptoms. This case adds to the spectrum of psoriatic disease manifestations and suggests a need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms and improve management strategies.
Topiramate Added to Metformin for Obesity Control in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Marchesan Lucas Bandeira , da Silva Thais Rasia , Spritzer Poli Mara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often linked with obesity, and weight management can improve endocrine and cardiometabolic features.

Objective
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of adding topiramate (TPM) to metformin (MTF) on weight control and hormonal and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants with PCOS and body mass index of 30 or greater, or 27 or greater associated with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia followed a 20 kcal/kg diet in addition to 850 mg of MTF or a previous MTF regimen. They were randomly assigned to receive either TPM or placebo (P) alongside MTF. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, modified Ferriman-Gallwey score (mFGS), and adverse events were assessed every 4 weeks for 6 months. The primary end point was the percentage change in body weight from baseline in both groups. Secondary end points included changes in clinical, cardiometabolic, and hormonal parameters and psychosocial features.

Results
Thirty-one participants were in the MTF + P group and 30 in the MTF + TPM group. The MTF + TPM group showed greater mean weight loss at 3 months (−3.4% vs −1.6%; P = .03) and 6 months (−4.5% vs −1.4%; P = .03). Both groups had improved androgens, lipids, and psychosocial scores. Participants with 3% or greater weight loss at 6 months had improved mFGS (8.4 to 6.5; P = .026). Paresthesia was more common in the MTF + TPM group (23.3% vs 3.2%; P = .026).

Conclusion
Combining TPM with MTF and a low-calorie diet may be an effective, low-cost, easy-to-use, and safe strategy for weight management in women with PCOS, with mild adverse effects.
A novel comparison of southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) fur buoyancy across ontogeny
Authors: Riordan Kate , Dean Annika E. , Kerr Sarah J. , Thometz Nicole M. , Batac Francesca I. , Liwanag Heather E. M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Sea otters are extremely positively buoyant and spend most of their time resting at the water surface. It is understood that some of this buoyancy comes from the air layer that sea otters maintain in their pelage, with the lungs providing an additional source of positive buoyancy. Past studies have investigated the fur buoyant force in adult sea otters; however, little is known about the fur buoyant force in younger age classes. This study compared ontogenetic changes in the fur buoyant force of southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) pelage. We measured the fur buoyant force of pelt samples, scaled that to the whole animal, and calculated mass-specific fur buoyant force for six age classes: neonates (&lt;1 month), small pups (1–2 months), large pups (3–5 months), juveniles (6 months–1 year), subadults (1–3 years) and adults (4–9 years). Each pelt sample was measured under three conditions: control, oiled and washed with Dawn® dish soap. Oiled and washed pelts had a lower fur buoyant force compared with the control pelts across all age classes. When oiled, the air layer of the pelt is ruined and no longer provides sufficient positive buoyancy. Pelts washed with Dawn® had higher variability in buoyant force compared with other conditions, and the air layer was not restored consistently. When we scaled up, we found that younger age classes were more buoyant because of their larger surface area to volume ratio. These differences in buoyancy may underlie variations in energetic costs and behavior among sea otters across development.
Optimal Salesforce Compensation with General Demand and Operational Considerations
Authors: Song Haotian , Lai Guoming , Xiao Wenqiang 
Published: September 2024

Problem definition: We investigate the optimal salesforce compensation scheme in the context of private information and unobservable actions, considering common operational factors encountered in practice, including inventory costs, contractible versus censored demand information, and controlled versus delegated ordering. Methodology/results: Based on an agency model with general demand and cost functions, we derive optimality conditions for implementable contracts that can achieve the second-best outcome in all scenarios. The contracts are in the forms of a menu with linear compensation for demand or sales, incorporating inventory costs. Moreover, the contracts feature adjustments in compensation corresponding to the ordering level if it is delegated. Managerial implications: Our study reveals that, under reasonably mild conditions, optimal salesforce contracts can still maintain relatively simple forms, even when confronted with common operational factors and generalized demand and cost functions. However, the contracts must be tailored to suit the operational settings. Intriguingly, neither the loss of demand information nor the delegation of inventory decisions would compromise system efficiency at optimum. Funding: H. Song is partially supported by the Key International Cooperation and Exchange Projects of the NSFC [Grant W2411062] and the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the NSFC [Grant 71821002]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0400 .
Outcomes of osteoarticular ulna allograft for the reconstruction of proximal ulna tumour
Authors: Hajialiloo Sami Sam , Kargar Shooroki Khalil , Ammar Wael , Nahvizadeh Shimasadat , Mohammadi Mohammad , Dehghani Raza , Toloue Babak 
Published: September 2024

AimsThe ulna is an extremely rare location for primary bone tumours of the elbow in paediatrics. Although several reconstruction options are available, the optimal reconstruction method is still unknown due to the rarity of proximal ulna tumours. In this study, we report the outcomes of osteoarticular ulna allograft for the reconstruction of proximal ulna tumours.MethodsMedical profiles of 13 patients, who between March 2004 and November 2021 underwent osteoarticular ulna allograft reconstruction after the resection of the proximal ulna tumour, were retrospectively reviewed. The outcomes were measured clinically by the assessment of elbow range of motion (ROM), stability, and function, and radiologically by the assessment of allograft-host junction union, recurrence, and joint degeneration. The elbow function was assessed objectively by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and subjectively by the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) questionnaire.ResultsThe mean follow-up of patients was 60.3 months (SD 28.5). The mean elbow flexion-extension ROM was 95.8° (SD 21). The mean MSTS of the patients was 84.4 (SD 8.2), the mean TESS was 83.8 (SD 6.7), and the mean MEPS was 79.2 (SD 11.5). All the patients had radiological union at the osteotomy site. Symptomatic osteoarthritic change was observed in three patients (23%), one of whom ended up with elbow joint fusion. Two patients (15.4%) had recurrence during the follow-up period. Surgical complications included two allograft fractures, two plate fractures, three medial instabilities, and two infections.ConclusionOsteoarticular ulna allograft reconstruction provides acceptable functional outcomes. Despite a high rate of complications, it is still a valuable reconstruction method, particularly in skeletally immature patients who need their distal humerus physis for the rest of hand growth.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):749–757.
Extending the coherence time limit of a single-alkali-atom qubit by suppressing phonon-jumping-induced decoherence
Authors: Tian Zhuangzhuang , Chang Haobo , Lv Xin , Yang Mengna , Wang Zhihui , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Pengfei , Li Gang , Zhang Tiancai 
Published: September 2024

In the fields of quantum metrology and quantum information processing
with the system of optically trapped single neutral atoms, the
coherence time of a qubit encoded in the electronic states is regarded
as one of the most important parameters. A longer coherence time is
always pursued for higher precision of measurement and quantum
manipulation. The coherence time is usually assumed to be merely
determined by the relative stability of the energy between the
electronic states, and the analysis of the decoherence was conducted
by treating the atom motion classically. We proposed a complete
description of the decoherence of a qubit encoded in two ground
electronic states of an optically trapped alkali atom by adopting a
full description of the atomic wavefunction. The motional state,
i.e., the phonon state, is taken into account. In addition to
decoherence due to the variance of the differential light shift (DLS),
a new, to our knowledge, decoherence mechanism, phonon-jumping-induced
decoherence (PJID), was discovered and verified experimentally. The
coherence time of a single-cesium-atom qubit can be extended to T2≈20s by suppressing both the variances of
DLS and PJID by trapping the atom in a blue-detuned bottle beam trap
(BBT) and preparing the atom in its three-dimensional motional ground
states. The coherence time is the longest for a qubit encoded in an
optically trapped single alkali atom. Our work provides a deep
understanding of the decoherence mechanism for single atom qubits and
thus provides a new way to extend the coherence time limit. The method
can be applied for other atoms and molecules, opening up new prospects
for high-precision control of the quantum states of optically trapped
atoms or molecules.
Artificial intelligence and social accountability in the Canadian health care landscape: A rapid literature review
Authors: Anawati Alex , Fleming Holly , Mertz Megan , Bertrand Jillian , Dumond Jennifer , Myles Sophia , Leblanc Joseph , Ross Brian , Lamoureux Daniel , Patel Div , Carrier Renald , Cameron Erin 
Published: September 2024

Background
Situated within a larger project entitled “Exploring the Need for a Uniquely Different Approach in Northern Ontario: A Study of Socially Accountable Artificial Intelligence,” this rapid review provides a broad look into how social accountability as an equity-oriented health policy strategy is guiding artificial intelligence (AI) across the Canadian health care landscape, particularly for marginalized regions and populations. This review synthesizes existing literature to answer the question: How is AI present and impacted by social accountability across the health care landscape in Canada?

Methodology
A multidisciplinary expert panel with experience in diverse health care roles and computer sciences was assembled from multiple institutions in Northern Ontario to guide the study design and research team. A search strategy was developed that broadly reflected the concepts of social accountability, AI and health care in Canada. EMBASE and Medline databases were searched for articles, which were reviewed for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Search results, a description of the studies, and a thematic analysis of the included studies were reported as the primary outcome.

Principal findings
The search strategy yielded 679 articles of which 36 relevant studies were included. There were no studies identified that were guided by a comprehensive, equity-oriented social accountability strategy. Three major themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) designing equity into AI; (2) policies and regulations for AI; and (3) the inclusion of community voices in the implementation of AI in health care. Across the 3 main themes, equity, marginalized populations, and the need for community and partner engagement were frequently referenced, which are key concepts of a social accountability strategy.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that unless there is a course correction, AI in the Canadian health care landscape will worsen the digital divide and health inequity. Social accountability as an equity-oriented strategy for AI could catalyze many of the changes required to prevent a worsening of the digital divide caused by the AI revolution in health care in Canada and should raise concerns for other global contexts.
Diabetes self-management education programs: Results from a nationwide population-based study on characteristics of participants, rating of programs and reasons for non-participation
Authors: Weise Solveig , Du Yong , Heidemann Christin , Baumert Jens , Frese Thomas , Heise Marcus 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Population-based studies of reasons for not participating in diabetes self-management education (DSME) are scarce. Therefore, we investigated what sociodemographic and disease-related factors are associated with participation in DSME, the reasons for not participating in DSME and how participants evaluate DSME.

Research design and methods
We used data from the nationwide survey “Disease knowledge and information needs–Diabetes mellitus 2017”, which included a total of 1396 participants diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (diabetes; n = 394 DSME-participants, n = 1002 DSME-never-participants). Analyses used weighted logistic or multinominal regression analyses with bivariate and multivariable approaches.

Results
Participants were more likely to attend DSME if they had a medium (OR 1.82 [95%CI 1.21–2.73]),or high (OR 2.04 [95%CI 1.30–3.21]) level of education, had type 1 diabetes (OR 2.46 [1.24–4.90]) and insulin treatment (OR 1.96 [95%CI 1.33–2.90]). Participants were less likely to attend DSME if they lived in East Germany (OR 0.57 [95%CI 0.39–0.83]), had diabetes for >2 to 5 years (OR 0.52 [95%CI 0.31–0.88] compared to >5 years), did not agree that diabetes is a lifelong disease (OR 0.30 [95%CI 0.15–0.62], had never been encouraged by their physician to attend DSME (OR 0.19 [95%CI 0.13–0.27]) and were not familiar with disease management programs (OR 0.67 [95%CI 0.47–0.96]). The main reasons for non-participation were participant’s personal perception that DSME was not necessary (26.6%), followed by lack of recommendation from treating physician (25.7%) and lack of information on DSME (20.7%). DSME-participants found DSME more helpful if they had a medium educational level (OR 2.06 [95%CI 1.10–3.89] ref: low level of education) and less helpful if they were never encouraged by their treatment team (OR 0.46 [95%CI 0.26–0.82]).

Discussion
Professionals treating persons with diabetes should encourage their patients to attend DSME and underline that diabetes is a lifelong disease. Overall, the majority of DSME participants rated DSME as helpful.
Sigmoid Colon Angiomyolipoma as a Culprit for Intermittent Constipation and Hematochezia
Authors: Tabet Aoul Amel , Achiamah Ama , Leavitt Nathaniel , He Chun , Kandal Pujan , Patel Varun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Colonic angiomyolipomas (CA) are very rare benign tumors arising from perivascular epithelioid cells. CA are most often found either during screening colonoscopies or as an incidental finding during abdominal imaging. However, some rare cases of CA are found to present with abdominal pain and hematochezia. In this article, we report a case of a 62-year-old man who presented with intermittent hematochezia and constipation who was found to have an angiomyolipoma in the sigmoid colon. The lesion was successfully removed endoscopically with no recurrence of bleeding and no complications within the first 30 days after the procedure.
Beyond the Norm: Acute Multifocal Diverticulitis
Authors: Thakkar Bianca , Tidwell Jasmine , Nguyen Minh Thu T. , Yu Gengsheng , Parikh Neil 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Colonic diverticulitis is inflammation of diverticula, which are sac-like protrusions in the colonic wall. It is thought that increased intraluminal pressure and trapped food leads to inflammation. Newer theories suggest that alterations in the gut microbiome and chronic inflammation play a role as well. Diverticulitis commonly affects discrete sections of colon. Acute multifocal diverticulitis is defined as diverticulitis in at least 2 different sites of the colon separated by at least 10 cm, which is very rare. Ideal management is unclear; however, our patient improved with supportive measures and antibiotics without complications of abscess, perforation, or need for surgery.
Post-Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation After 23 Months of Entecavir Prophylaxis
Authors: McKinney Caleb J.C. , Bigelow William , Venkat Preethi G. , Shah Neeral L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can occur in immunosuppressed patients. Specifically, HBV reactivation after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy is a known complication with few case reports and specific treatment guidelines. Our patient experienced HBV reactivation 27 months after CAR T-cell therapy even with 23 months of entecavir prophylaxis. This unique case highlights the need for further investigation into the risk of HBV reactivation after CAR T-cell therapy and the proper HBV prophylaxis during and after CAR T-cell therapy.