bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior voluntary wheel running attenuates neuropathic pain
Authors: Grace Peter M. , Fabisiak Timothy J. , Green-Fulgham Suzanne M. , Anderson Nathan D. , Strand Keith A. , Kwilasz Andrew J. , Galer Erika L. , Walker Frederick Rohan , Greenwood Benjamin N. , Maier Steven F. , Fleshner Monika , Watkins Linda R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Exercise is known to exert a systemic anti-inflammatory influence, but whether its effects are sufficient to protect against subsequent neuropathic pain is underinvestigated. We report that 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running terminating before chronic constriction injury (CCI) prevented the full development of allodynia for the ∼3-month duration of the injury. Neuroimmune signaling was assessed at 3 and 14 days after CCI. Prior exercise normalized ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord expression of neuroexcitatory interleukin (IL)-1β production and the attendant glutamate transporter GLT-1 decrease, as well as expression of the disinhibitory P2X4R-BDNF axis. The expression of the macrophage marker Iba1 and the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1), and a neuronal injury marker (activating transcription factor 3), was attenuated by prior running in the ipsilateral lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Prior exercise suppressed macrophage infiltration and/or injury site proliferation, given decreased presence of macrophage markers Iba1, iNOS (M1), and Arg-1 (M2; expression was time dependent). Chronic constriction injury–driven increases in serum proinflammatory chemokines were suppressed by prior running, whereas IL-10 was increased. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also stimulated with lipopolysaccharide ex vivo, wherein CCI-induced increases in IL-1β, nitrite, and IL-10 were suppressed by prior exercise. Last, unrestricted voluntary wheel running, beginning either the day of, or 2 weeks after, CCI, progressively reversed neuropathic pain. This study is the first to investigate the behavioral and neuroimmune consequences of regular exercise terminating before nerve injury. This study suggests that chronic pain should be considered a component of “the diseasome of physical inactivity,” and that an active lifestyle may prevent neuropathic pain.
Transmission of risk from parents with chronic pain to offspring: an integrative conceptual model
Authors: Stone Amanda L. , Wilson Anna C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Offspring of parents with chronic pain are at increased risk for pain and adverse mental and physical health outcomes (Higgins et al, 2015). Although the association between chronic pain in parents and offspring has been established, few studies have addressed why or how this relation occurs. Identifying mechanisms for the transmission of risk that leads to the development of chronic pain in offspring is important for developing preventive interventions targeted to decrease risk for chronic pain and related outcomes (eg, disability and internalizing symptoms). This review presents a conceptual model for the intergenerational transmission of chronic pain from parents to offspring with the goal of setting an agenda for future research and the development of preventive interventions. Our proposed model highlights 5 potential mechanisms for the relation between parental chronic pain and pediatric chronic pain and related adverse outcomes: (1) genetics, (2) alterations in early neurobiological development, (3) pain-specific social learning, (4), general parenting and family health, and (5) exposure to stressful environment. In addition, the model presents 3 potential moderators for the relation between parent and child chronic pain: (1) the presence of chronic pain in a second parent, (2) timing, course, and location of parental chronic pain, and (3) offspring's characteristics (ie, sex, developmental stage, race or ethnicity, and temperament). Such a framework highlights chronic pain as inherently familial and intergenerational, opening up avenues for new models of intervention and prevention that can be family centered and include at-risk children.
Perceived Changes in Sleep in Adults With Epilepsy
Authors: Miller Wendy R. , Otte Julie L. , Pleuger Madona 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:

Background: Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in the United States, and 70% of diagnoses occur in late adolescence or adulthood. A disease of the brain, epilepsy can affect sleep. Lack of adequate or high-quality sleep can cause decrements in quality of life. Adults living with epilepsy are at especially high risk for sleep alterations, and these changes in sleep can worsen their epilepsy. The purpose of the study was to describe the perceived effect of epilepsy on sleep in adults who developed epilepsy in late adolescence or adulthood. Research questions included (a) “In adults with epilepsy, what is the perceived change in ability to sleep well because of having epilepsy?”; (b) “In adults with epilepsy, is there a significant relationship between perceived changes in ability to sleep well and perceived changes in overall life because of having epilepsy?”; and (c) “In adults with epilepsy, is there a significant relationship between perceived changes in ability to sleep well because of having epilepsy and total Life Changes in Epilepsy Scale (LCES) scores?”. Methods: One hundred seventy-four adults with epilepsy were recruited. Utilizing data collected via the LCES, a quantitative descriptive/correlational design was utilized. Analyses were carried out to answer each research question. Results: The mean score for the sleep item of the LCES was 2.76 (SD = 1.31), indicating an overall negative change in ability to sleep well. There was a statistically significant, strong positive relationship between the sleep and overall life changes items of the LCES (Pearson r = .476, p < .0000) and also between the sleep item and total LCES scores (Pearson r = .620, p < .0000). Implications: Findings from this study contribute to the extant literature by revealing epilepsy-related changes in sleep as perceived by adults living with epilepsy specifically because of having epilepsy. On the basis of findings rendered from this sample, having epilepsy can lead to perceived negative changes in a person’s ability to sleep well, and these negative changes are significantly correlated with negative overall life changes. Recommendations for clinical practice and research can be made based on current results.
Older Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Have More Advanced Disease, Lower Rates of Treatment, and Lower Survival
Authors: Yan Melissa , Ha John , Aguilar Maria , Liu Benny , Frenette Catherine T. , Bhuket Taft , Wong Robert J. 
Published: July 2016

Goals:
To evaluate age-specific disparities in cancer stage at diagnosis, receipt of treatment, and survival among adults with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background:
HCC has become the fastest rising cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The aging population coupled with the rising incidence of HCC will result in an emerging cohort of older patients with HCC placing significant burden health care systems.

Study:
Using 2003 to 2011 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, a US population-based cancer registry, we retrospectively evaluated age-specific disparities in cancer stage at diagnosis, receipt of treatment, and survival among adults with HCC. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated HCC stage at diagnosis and HCC treatment received. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models evaluated long-term survival.

Results:
Compared with HCC patients below 50 years old, patients aged 70 years or older were less likely to have HCC within Milan criteria [odds ratio, 0.58; confidence interval (CI), 0.54-0.63; P<0.001]. Older age was also associated with significantly lower rates of receiving HCC treatment. Even after adjusting for stage of disease, patients aged 70 years or older had the lowest odds of receiving any HCC treatment compared with patients below 50 years old (odds ratio, 0.52; CI, 0.46-0.60; P<0.001). On multivariate Cox regression, HCC patients aged 70 years or older had significantly lower survival compared with patients below 50 years old (hazards ratio, 1.22; CI, 1.15-1.30; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Among US adults with HCC, patients aged 70 years or older were less likely to have HCC within Milan criteria at diagnosis, less likely to receive any HCC treatment, and had significantly lower long-term survival.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of cirrhotic patients with high protein concentrations in ascites: a prospective study
Authors: Guillaume Maeva , Robic Marie-Angèle , Péron Jean-Marie , Selves Janick , Otal Philippe , Sirach Estelle , Vinel Jean-Pierre , Bureau Christophe 
Published: July 2016

Background
The protein concentration in ascites is usually low in cirrhosis because capillarization and defenestration of the sinusoids limit diffusion of large proteins from plasma to the space of Disse. However, some cirrhotic patients have high-protein ascites (HPA).

Aim
The aim of this study was to describe and compare the characteristics and prognosis between cirrhotic patients with HPA (>20 g/l) and patients with low-protein ascites (LPA).

Patients and methods
In this longitudinal observational prospective cohort study, all consecutive cirrhotic patients with ascites hospitalized in our tertiary liver center were included and followed for up to 2 years, provided that they had no other cause of HPA. HPA was defined as protein concentrations of more than 20 g/l.

Results
Among 107 patients included, 19 (17.8%) had HPA. HPA patients had more refractory ascites (63 vs. 34%), better liver functions, and a higher 1-year transplant-free survival rate compared with LPA patients (P<0.05). Portal hypertension parameters were not different. During follow-up, 47% of HPA patients were treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts versus 18% of LPA patients, whereas 15 LPA patients required liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease versus only one HPA patient. We observed higher protein filtration and less pericellular, centrilobular, and sinusoidal fibrosis in cirrhotic HPA livers compared with LPA livers.

Conclusion
Almost 20% of cirrhotic patients with ascites have HPA (>20 g/l). These patients have better liver functions and a higher 1-year survival than those with LPA, even though ascites are more often refractory.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Potentially Inappropriate Medication on Health Care Utilization and Costs Among Older Adults
Authors: Hyttinen Virva , Jyrkkä Johanna , Valtonen Hannu 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are defined as those medicines having a greater potential risk than benefit for older adults. In this systematic literature review, we evaluate the current evidence on health care service use and health care costs associated with PIMs among older adults.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted in August 2015 without publication date restrictions using the databases PubMed and Scopus. Selected articles included in the review of articles were: (1) observational cohort or case-control, or intervention studies; (2) investigating PIM use among older adults aged 65 years or older with outcomes on health care utilization (eg, hospitalization) or health care costs; and (3) use of some published criteria for assessing PIMs.

Results:
Of 825 abstracts screened, in total 51 articles proceeded to full-text review. Of those full-text articles, 39 articles were included in this review. Most of the articles found that PIMs had a statistically significant effect on health care service use, especially on hospitalization, among older adults. The findings of impact on length of stay or readmissions were inconclusive. Five studies found statistically significant higher medical or total health care costs for PIM users compared those who did not use any PIMs.

Conclusions:
PIMs can, in addition to health and quality of life problems, also lead to greater health care service use and, thus, higher health care costs. However, the heterogeneity of the study settings makes the interpretation of the results difficult. Further studies, especially on economic issues with country-specific criteria, are needed.
Management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Metrailer Aaron M. , Babu Seilesh C. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an otologic emergency and should be managed quickly and effectively. This review focuses on the management of sudden SNHL, primarily idiopathic sudden SNHL as it is the most common cause.

Recent findings
Management options include observation, oral steroids, intratympanic steroids, or combined oral/intratympanic steroids. One-third to two-thirds of patients will achieve spontaneous recovery, most likely within the first 2 weeks. Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials on steroid therapy efficacy, all patients should be offered steroid treatment given low risk and possible significant benefits. All patients should undergo MRI with gadolinium to rule out retrocochlear disorder. Bilateral sudden hearing loss should alert the clinician to possible systemic disease.

Summary
Sudden hearing loss is an otologic emergency. Appropriate counseling of patients is necessary to allow physician and patient to make a joint, educated decision. It is paramount to rule out retrocochlear disorder and to follow patients closely for improvement or need for future auditory rehabilitation.
Primary treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss with intratympanic dexamethasone
Authors: Hobson Candace E. , Alexander Thomas H. , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Systemic corticosteroids have been the mainstay of treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) for over 30 years. Recently, intratympanic steroids have risen in popularity; however, there is no consensus regarding the details of their application. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature and share our opinion that intratympanic dexamethasone (alone or with systemic steroids) should be offered as primary treatment of ISSNHL.

Recent findings
Intratympanic steroids have been shown to result in higher inner ear concentrations than systemic steroids in animal and human studies. Primary treatment of ISSNHL with intratympanic steroids in combination with systemic steroids has been demonstrated to result in better hearing outcomes than systemic steroids alone. Recent evidence has revealed these hearing outcomes to be dependent on the dose of intratympanic steroid. Dexamethasone may be better absorbed than methylprednisolone, and potentially offer a greater benefit. Furthermore, intratympanic steroids provide an effective alternative for patients who cannot tolerate systemic steroids.

Summary
Intratympanic dexamethasone alone, or in combination with systemic steroids, provides effective treatment of ISSNHL and should be utilized as primary treatment. Further investigation is required to determine the optimal choice, concentration, and administration schedule of intratympanic steroids.
Hepatitis B immunity in the pediatric liver transplant population
Authors: Patel Shreena S. , Leung Daniel H. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection contributes significantly to vaccine-preventable disease related deaths, and insufficient HBV immunity may have unique implications for the pediatric liver transplant population. This article reviews the significance of HBV infection and the vaccination and screening measures needed to achieve adequate HBV immunity in these children.

Recent findings
HBV non-immunity among transplant candidates is higher than expected, even after appropriate completion of the vaccine series. Annual measurement of quantifiable HBV surface antibody in this vulnerable group should guide administration of booster and/or re-vaccination, improving immunoprotection from this potentially deadly hepatotropic virus. The liver plays a vital role in immune regulation; it induces immune tolerance and competence and both clears antigens from the circulation and generates liver-primed memory cells through antigen presentation via hepatic scavenger cells. Lymphocyte populations are depleted in patients with liver disease.

Summary
Immunity provided during early childhood against HBV infection is important to both pediatric liver transplant candidates and aging recipients. Appropriate vaccination and achievement of adequate immunity pre-transplant and post-transplant is critical. The field of pediatric transplantation is ripe for functional cellular and humoral immunity studies that examine factors which predict poor immune response to childhood vaccines, particularly HBV.
Etiology of Genital Ulcer Disease in Male Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic: First Assessment in Cuba
Authors: Noda Angel A. , Blanco Orestes , Correa Consuelo , Pérez Lissette , Kourí Vivian , Rodríguez Islay 
Published: July 2016

Background
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and in particular genital ulcer disease (GUD) have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The World Health Organization recommends the use of syndromic guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in resource-constrained countries. Surveillance of autochthonous etiologies provides epidemiological information contributing to the prevention and treatment of STIs. We investigated the etiology and factors associated with GUD among male patients attending a STD clinic in Havana, Cuba.

Methods
Swabs from genital ulcers of 113 male patients, collected from May 2012 to June 2015, were analyzed using PCR for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Chlamydia trachomatis. We also investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with the presence of these pathogens in GUD.

Results
At least one of the pathogens was detected in 70% of patients. The occurrence of the pathogens was herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (51.3%), T. pallidum (29.2%), and C. trachomatis (1.8%). Co-infections occurred as follows: T. pallidum-HSV-2 (10.6%), C. trachomatis-HSV-2 (0.9%) and C. trachomatis-T. pallidum (0.9%). Herpes simplex virus type 1 and H. ducreyi were not detected. Ages 15 to 40 years, HIV-positive serostatus, and no condom use were significant risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 in genital ulcers.

Conclusions
Our preliminary results highlight the predominance of HSV-2 and T. pallidum as the leading GUD etiologies in the study population and identified risk factors associated with HSV-2. This information should help to inform guidelines for better management of GUD in Havana, Cuba.
Use of a Prospective Sex Diary to Study Anal Lubricant and Enema Use Among High Risk Men Who Have Sex With Men—Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention
Authors: Rolle Charlotte-Paige Melanie , Bolton Marcus D. , Kelley Colleen F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Longitudinal data on episodes of receptive anal intercourse (RAI), lubricant, and enema use in 41 sexually active men who have sex with men were collected using a prospective sex diary. Data on 550 episodes of RAI showed that lubricants were used in 489 (88.9%) of 550 episodes and enemas were used in 165 (30%) of 550 RAI episodes.
Effect of Short Recovery Periods on Ocular Comfort During Daily Lens Wear
Authors: Stahl Ulrike , Keir Nancy J. , Landers Alan , Jones Lyndon W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To assess the impact of lens-free intervals of varying lengths on end-of-day comfort with soft contact lenses.

Methods
Twenty-five symptomatic lens wearers participated in this randomized, cross-over study involving nine individual 12-hour days: one spectacle (no lens) and eight lens wear days. On each lens wear day, lenses were worn bilaterally in 2-hour intervals, separated by lens-free (recovery) periods of 0, 30, 60, or 80 minutes (repeated throughout the day). For each 2-hour lens wear interval, new lenses were worn. Ocular comfort was rated on a 0 to 100 visual analogue scale (0 = extremely uncomfortable); tear film and ocular parameters were assessed at the beginning and end of each study day. This study involved two different types of silicone hydrogel lenses, and the order of lens type and length of recovery period was randomized. Participants were unaware of the true study purpose and that a new lens pair was used for each lens wear interval.

Results
End-of-day comfort on lens wear days was significantly worse than on the spectacle day (p < 0.002). There was no significant effect of the recovery periods on end-of-day comfort (p > 0.05). Although lens wear affected noninvasive tear film break-up time and conjunctival staining, there were no effects of recovery period length on noninvasive tear film break-up time (p > 0.05), tear meniscus height (p > 0.05), corneal staining (p > 0.05), conjunctival staining (p > 0.05), bulbar conjunctival redness (p > 0.05), or limbal redness (p > 0.05). There was no consistent effect of recovery period length on lid margin staining.

Conclusions
Lens-free recovery periods during a 12-hour lens wear day did not positively impact end-of-day comfort in this study. Cumulative lens wear times ranged from 8 to 12 hours, and the results suggest that once the length of lens wear exceeds the usual comfortable wear time, there is no benefit of short recovery periods.
Diurnal Variation in Comfort in Contact Lens and Non-contact Lens Wearers
Authors: Dumbleton Kathryn A. , Guillon Michel , Theodoratos Panagiotis , Patel Trisha 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the diurnal variation in symptoms associated with ocular discomfort in contact lens (CL) wearers and non-CL wearers.

Methods
The study population comprised 604 individuals attending pre-screening visits at the OTG-i research clinic; 60% were current soft CL wearers (hydrogel and silicone hydrogel) and 40% were non-CL wearers. Symptomatology status was determined by the OSDI questionnaire (58% asymptomatic, 42% symptomatic). Participants were asked to grade their comfort, vision, and other symptoms during the day and in the evening (before lens removal for CL wearers) on 0 to 100 visual analogue scales.

Results
Diurnal decrease in comfort was significantly greater for CL wearers (−16.0 vs. −6.3, p < 0.001) and symptomatic participants (p = 0.015). Diurnal decrease in subjective vision was also significantly greater for CL wearers (−10.4 vs. −6.9, p = 0.005) and symptomatic participants (p = 0.001), and the interaction between these factors was also significant (p = 0.019). Dryness, grittiness, and irritation increased significantly more for CL wearers (p < 0.001, p = 0.012, and p = 0.004, respectively) and grittiness, irritation, and stinging for symptomatic participants (p = 0.016, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). For the CL wearers, there was a significant interaction between dryness and age (p = 0.026) with the diurnal increase in dryness being greater in those under 40 (+15.6 vs. +10.0).

Conclusions
The diurnal decrease in comfort and subjective vision, and the diurnal increase in dryness, grittiness, and irritation, were significantly more marked for CL wearers than non-CL wearers. Diurnal changes in comfort, grittiness, stinging, irritation, and vision were influenced by the subject’s overall symptomatology as assessed by the OSDI questionnaire. For dryness symptoms, the diurnal decrease was most marked in young CL wearers. For the symptoms of stinging and vision, the diurnal changes were most pronounced in the symptomatic groups.