bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypofractionated radiation therapy in the treatment of canine thymoma: Retrospective study of eight cases
Authors: Goto Sho , Murakami Mami , Kawabe Mifumi , Iwasaki Ryota , Heishima Kazuki , Sakai Hiroki , Mori Takashi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThymomas are one of the most common tumors of the cranial mediastinum in dogs; however there is limited information available on the use of radiation therapy for treating this neoplasm. Objectives of the current retrospective observational study were to describe outcomes and side effects of a hypofractionated radiation therapy protocol in a group of dogs with confirmed thymoma. A total of eight dogs were included. To generate individualized treatment plans, we designed the planning target volume according to the limits on mean lung dose and the percentage of the total lung volume exceeding 20 Gy (V20). The total administered dose was 48–49 Gy, with one fraction per week for a total of six to seven fractions. After therapy, two dogs achieved complete responses, two achieved partial responses, and the disease remained stable in two. Two dogs died during the radiation therapy protocol and were not classified. The median mean lung dose and V20 were 6.0 Gy (range: 3.1–15.0 Gy) and 12.4% (range: 2.3–27.5%), respectively. The overall response rate was 50.0%, and the median time to response following treatment initiation was 22 days (range: 14–115 days). Acute and late side effects were common in the skin and/or lung and were self‐limiting or asymptomatic. The median survival time was not reached (range: 8–1128 days) and the 1 year survival rate was 75.0%. Hypofractionated radiation therapy was well tolerated in this sample of dogs with thymoma and may be considered when owners decline surgical treatment or the tumor is deemed unresectable.
Workplace violence against physicians in Turkey’s emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bayram Başak , Çetin Murat , Çolak Oray Neşe , Can İsmail Özgür 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the prevalence of violence directed at emergency department (ED) physicians in Turkey and confirm the factors influencing such violence.DesignCross-sectional survey study.SettingCountry of Turkey.ParticipantsPhysicians currently practising in EDs in Turkey.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of violence directed at physicians and factors that may influence it, such as physicians’ personal characteristics, ED characteristics and physicians’ opinions regarding the causes of and suggested methods of preventing violence.ResultsA total of 713 physicians participated. Of these, 78.1% reported being subjected to violence in the past year and 65.9% reported more than one such incident. Being subjected to violence was related to age (p=0.008), working in an ED with a high patient admission rate (p=0.018), current position (p<0.001), working outside regular work hours (p<0.001), working in a state hospital (p<0.001) and level of experience (p<0.001). Gender, type of patient typically seen, region and patient waiting period did not influence subjection to violence. The present safety precautions against violence do not appear to influence the prevalence of violence.ConclusionsOur results indicated that ED physicians’ experience of violence is related to personal characteristics such as age and level of expertise, and hospital and ED characteristics such as high patient admission rates. Presently, no measures taken to reduce this violence have been proven effective.
Hyperaemic microvascular resistance predicts clinical outcome and microvascular injury after myocardial infarction
Authors: de Waard Guus A , Fahrni Gregor , de Wit Douwe , Kitabata Hironori , Williams Rupert , Patel Niket , Teunissen Paul F , van de Ven Peter M , Umman Sabahattin , Knaapen Paul , Perera Divaka , Akasaka Takashi , Sezer Murat , Kharbanda Rajesh K , van Royen Niels 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesEarly detection of microvascular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could identify patients at high risk of adverse clinical outcome, who may benefit from adjunctive treatment. Our objective was to compare invasively measured coronary flow reserve (CFR) and hyperaemic microvascular resistance (HMR) for their predictive power of long-term clinical outcome and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-defined microvascular injury (MVI).MethodsSimultaneous intracoronary Doppler flow velocity and pressure measurements acquired immediately after revascularisation for AMI from five centres were pooled. Clinical follow-up was completed for 176 patients (mean age 60±10 years; 140(80%) male; ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 130(74%) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 46(26%)) with median follow-up time of 3.2 years. In 110 patients with STEMI, additional CMR was performed.ResultsThe composite end point of death and hospitalisation for heart failure occurred in 17 patients (10%). Optimal cut-off values to predict the composite end point were 1.5 for CFR and 3.0 mm Hg cm−1•s for HMR. CFR <1.5 was predictive for the composite end point (HR 3.5;95% CI 1.1 to 10.8), but not for its individual components. HMR ≥3.0 mm Hg cm−1 s was predictive for the composite end point (HR 7.0;95% CI 1.5 to 33.7) as well as both individual components. HMR had significantly greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MVI than CFR. HMR remained an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome and MVI, whereas CFR did not.ConclusionsHMR measured immediately following percutaneous coronary intervention for AMI with a cut-off value of 3.0 mm Hg cm−1 s, identifies patients with MVI who are at high risk of adverse clinical outcome. For this purpose, HMR is superior to CFR.
Quick starting hormonal contraception after using oral emergency contraception: a systematic review
Authors: Murphy Lauren EE , Chen Zhong E , Warner Valerie , Cameron Sharon T 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionUnprotected intercourse after oral emergency contraception (EC) significantly increases pregnancy risk. This underlies the importance of promptly starting effective, ongoing contraception – known as ‘quick starting’. However, theoretical concern exists that quick starting might interact with EC or hormonal contraception (HC) potentially causing adverse side effects.MethodA systematic review was conducted, evaluating quick starting HC after oral EC [levonorgestrel 1.5 mg (LNG) or ulipristal acetate 30 mg (UPA)]. PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov and relevant reference lists were searched in February 2016. A lack of comparable studies prevented meta-analysis.ResultsThree randomised controlled trials were identified. Two biomedical studies suggested HC action was unaffected by quick starting after UPA; one study examined ovarian quiescence (OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.51–3.18) while taking combined oral contraception (COC). Another assessed cervical mucus impenetrability (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.27–2.13) while taking progestogen-only pills (POP). Quick starting POP reduced the ability of UPA to delay ovulation (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01–0.37). Side effects (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.48–3.12) and unscheduled bleeding (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.16–1.81) were unaffected by quick starting COC after UPA. Another study reported higher self-reported contraceptive use at 8 weeks among women quick starting POP after LNG, compared with women given LNG alone (OR 6.73; 95% CI 2.14–21.20).
Functional limitations in the phase of clinically suspect arthralgia are as serious as in early clinical arthritis; a longitudinal study
Authors: ten Brinck Robin M , van Steenbergen Hanna W , Mangnus Lukas , Burgers Leonie E , Reijnierse Monique , Huizinga Tom WJ , van der Helm-van Mil Annette HM 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionA phase of arthralgia may precede the emergence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although several studies have focused on biomarkers, the relevance of this phase for patients is less studied. It is unknown if patients already have functional limitations and if this is correlated to the extent of subclinical inflammation. Therefore, we assessed functional disability in patients with clinically suspect arthralgia (CSA), its association with MRI-detected subclinical inflammation and its course during progression to clinical arthritis.MethodsFrom April 2012 to March 2015, 241 patients had arthralgia for <1 year and were, based on clinical presentation, considered at risk for RA by their rheumatologists. At baseline, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores were determined and unilateral 1.5 T MRI of metacarpophalangeal, wrist and metatarsophalangeal joints were made. Presence of MRI-detected subclinical inflammation was assessed by summing synovitis, tenosynovitis and bone marrow oedema scores (range 0–189). Patients were followed on arthritis development and HAQ scores were repeated when clinical arthritis had developed.ResultsThe median HAQ score at presentation with CSA was 0.50. Higher MRI-inflammation scores were associated with higher HAQ scores (β=0.017, 95% CI=0.004 to 0.030). During median 103 weeks follow-up, 44 patients progressed to clinical arthritis. HAQ scores ≥1.0 were associated with arthritis development (HR=2.50, 95% CI=1.03 to 6.10). Within converters, median HAQ scores did not increase from presentation with CSA to arthritis development (0.88 and 0.75, p=0.36).ConclusionsHAQ scores ≥1.0 at presentation were associated with the development of clinical arthritis. Functional limitations in the prearthritis phase of CSA were as serious as in the early clinical phase, demonstrating the relevance of CSA from patients’ perspectives.
A Survey of Power and Energy Predictive Models in HPC Systems and Applications
Authors: O’brien Kenneth , Pietri Ilia , Reddy Ravi , Lastovetsky Alexey , Sakellariou Rizos 
Published: June 2017

Power and energy efficiency are now critical concerns in extreme-scale high-performance scientific computing. Many extreme-scale computing systems today (for example: Top500) have tight integration of multicore CPU processors and accelerators (mix of Graphical Processing Units, Intel Xeon Phis, or Field Programmable Gate Arrays) empowering them to provide not just unprecedented computational power but also to address these concerns. However, such integration renders these systems highly heterogeneous and hierarchical, thereby necessitating design of novel performance, power, and energy models to accurately capture these inherent characteristics.
There are now several extensive research efforts focusing exclusively on power and energy efficiency models and techniques for the processors composing these extreme-scale computing systems. This article synthesizes these research efforts with absolute concentration on predictive power and energy models and prime emphasis on node architecture. Through this survey, we also intend to highlight the shortcomings of these models to correctly and comprehensively predict the power and energy consumptions by taking into account the hierarchical and heterogeneous nature of these tightly integrated high-performance computing systems.
Inactivation of the Kinase Domain of CDK10 Prevents Tumor Growth in a Preclinical Model of Colorectal Cancer, and Is Accompanied by Downregulation of Bcl-2
Authors: Weiswald Louis-Bastien , Hasan Mohammad R. , Wong John C.T. , Pasiliao Clarissa C. , Rahman Mahbuba , Ren Jianhua , Yin Yaling , Gusscott Samuel , Vacher Sophie , Weng Andrew P. , Kennecke Hagen F. , Bièche Ivan , Schaeffer David F. , Yapp Donald T. , Tai Isabella T. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 (CDK10), a CDC2-related kinase, is highly expressed in colorectal cancer. Its role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is unknown. This study examines the function of CDK10 in colorectal cancer, and demonstrates its role in suppressing apoptosis and in promoting tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Modulation of CDK10 expression in colorectal cancer cell lines demonstrates that CDK10 promotes cell growth, reduces chemosensitivity and inhibits apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2. This effect appears to depend on its kinase activity, as kinase-defective mutant colorectal cancer cell lines have an exaggerated apoptotic response and reduced proliferative capacity. In vivo, inhibiting CDK10 in colorectal cancer following intratumoral injections of lentivirus-mediated CDK10 siRNA in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model demonstrated its efficacy in suppressing tumor growth. Furthermore, using a tissue microarray of human colorectal cancer tissues, the potential for CDK10 to be a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer was explored. In tumors of individuals with colorectal cancer, high expression of CDK10 correlates with earlier relapse and shorter overall survival. The findings of this study indicate that CDK10 plays a role in the pathogenesis in colorectal cancer and may be a potential therapeutic target for treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2292–303. ©2017 AACR.
Reflexões sobre a revisitação do passado a partir de dois romances de José Eduardo Agualusa
Authors: Jacob Sheila Ribeiro 
Published: June 2017

Este artigo propõe reflexões sobre a revisitação da história por meio da literatura a partir da leitura dos romances A conjura (1989) e O vendedor de passados (2004), ambos do escritor angolano José Eduardo Agualusa. Os dois livros nos permitem pensar sobre o assunto de maneira distinta: no primeiro, resgatam-se fatos e nomes históricos de Angola do final do século XIX, entrelaçando “ficção e realidade”, procedimento este adotado, na diegese do segundo romance convocado, pelo protagonista Félix Ventura.
Smooth Muscle Cells Derived From Second Heart Field and Cardiac Neural Crest Reside in Spatially Distinct Domains in the Media of the Ascending Aorta—Brief Report
Authors: Sawada Hisashi , Rateri Debra L. , Moorleghen Jessica J. , Majesky Mark W. , Daugherty Alan 
Published: June 2017

Objective—
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the proximal thoracic aorta are embryonically derived from the second heart field (SHF) and cardiac neural crest (CNC). However, distributions of these embryonic origins are not fully defined. The regional distribution of SMCs of different origins is speculated to cause region-specific aortopathies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the distribution of SMCs of SHF and CNC origins in the proximal thoracic aorta.

Approach and Results—

Mice with repressed LacZ in the ROSA26 locus were bred to those expressing
Cre
controlled by either the Wnt1 or Mef2c (myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c) promoter to trace CNC- and SHF-derived SMCs, respectively. Thoracic aortas were harvested, and activity of β-galactosidase was determined. Aortas from Wnt1-
Cre
mice had β-galactosidase–positive areas throughout the region from the proximal ascending aorta to just distal of the subclavian arterial branch. Unexpectedly, β-galactosidase–positive areas in Mef2c-
Cre
mice extended from the aortic root throughout the ascending aorta. This distribution occurred independent of sex and aging. Cross and sagittal aortic sections demonstrated that CNC-derived cells populated the inner medial aspect of the anterior region of the ascending aorta and transmurally in the media of the posterior region. Interestingly, outer medial cells throughout anterior and posterior ascending aortas were derived from the SHF. β-Galactosidase–positive medial cells of both origins colocalized with an SMC marker, α-actin.

Conclusions—
Both CNC- and SHF-derived SMCs populate the media throughout the ascending aorta. The outer medial cells of the ascending aorta form a sleeve populated by SHF-derived SMCs.
Association Between Elevated Pulse Pressure and High Resting Coronary Blood Flow Velocity in Patients With Angiographically Normal Epicardial Coronary Arteries
Authors: Lembo Maria , Sicari Rosa , Esposito Roberta , Rigo Fausto , Cortigiani Lauro , Lo Iudice Francesco , Picano Eugenio , Trimarco Bruno , Galderisi Maurizio 
Published: June 2017

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship of pulse pressure (
PP
), a raw index of arterial stiffness, with noninvasively determined coronary flow reserve (
CFR
) and its components, in patients with angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries.

Methods and Results

The study population included 398 patients without angiographic evidence of coronary stenosis, who underwent high‐dose dipyridamole stress echocardiography with transthoracic‐derived
CFR
evaluation on the left anterior descending artery.
CFR
was calculated as the ratio between high‐dose dipyridamole and resting coronary diastolic peak velocities. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the first group included the first and second
PP
tertiles (n=298,
PP
≤60 mm Hg) and the second group included the highest
PP
tertile (n=100,
PP
>60 mm Hg). Mean blood pressure, systolic blood pressure (both
P
<0.0001), age (
P
<0.002), and left ventricular mass index (
P
=0.013) were higher in the highest
PP
tertile, which also showed higher resting coronary flow velocity (31.6±9.6 cm/s versus 27.7±6.4 cm/s,
P
<0.0001) and marginally lower
CFR
(2.5±0.6 versus 2.6±0.6,
P
=0.044). Hyperemic coronary flow velocity did not differ between the 2 groups. By separate multiple linear regression analyses, after adjusting for sex, age, the highest systolic blood pressure tertile (≥140 mm Hg), left ventricular mass index, and cardiovascular risk factors, the highest
PP
tertile was associated with resting coronary flow velocity (
P
=0.003) and only marginally with hyperemic coronary flow velocity (
P
<0.02), whereas its association with
CFR
was not significant.

Conclusions

In patients without epicardial coronary artery stenosis, the highest
PP
tertile is associated with an increased coronary flow velocity at rest.
Cellular Statistical Models of Broken Cloud Fields. Part III: Markovian Properties
Authors: Alexandrov Mikhail D. , Marshak Alexander 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the third part of the “Cellular Statistical Models of Broken Cloud Fields” series the cloud statistics formalism developed in the first two parts is interpreted in terms of the theory of Markov processes. The master matrix introduced in this study is a unifying generalization of both the cloud fraction probability distribution function (PDF) and the Markovian transition probability matrix. To illustrate the new concept, the master matrix is used for computation of the moments of the cloud fraction PDF—in particular, the variance—which until now has not been analytically derived in the framework of the authors’ previous work. This paper also serves as a bridge to the proposed future studies of the effects of sampling and averaging on satellite-based cloud masks.
Generation of Ensemble Mean Precipitation Forecasts from Convection-Allowing Ensembles
Authors: Clark Adam J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Methods for generating ensemble mean precipitation forecasts from convection-allowing model (CAM) ensembles based on a simple average of all members at each grid point can have limited utility because of amplitude reduction and overprediction of light precipitation areas caused by averaging complex spatial fields with strong gradients and high-amplitude features. To combat these issues with the simple ensemble mean, a method known as probability matching is commonly used to replace the ensemble mean amounts with amounts sampled from the distribution of ensemble member forecasts, which results in a field that has a bias approximately equal to the average bias of the ensemble members. Thus, the probability matched mean (PM mean hereafter) is viewed as a better representation of the ensemble members compared to the mean, and previous studies find that it is more skillful than any of the individual members. Herein, using nearly a year’s worth of data from a CAM-based ensemble running in real time at the National Severe Storms Laboratory, evidence is provided that the superior performance of the PM mean is at least partially an artifact of the spatial redistribution of precipitation amounts that occur when the PM mean is computed over a large domain. Specifically, the PM mean enlarges big areas of heavy precipitation and shrinks or even eliminates smaller ones. An alternative approach for the PM mean is developed that restricts the grid points used to those within a specified radius of influence. The new approach has an improved spatial representation of precipitation and is found to perform more skillfully than the PM mean at large scales when using neighborhood-based verification metrics.
Changes in Public Support for U.S. Military Spending
Authors: Kriesberg Louis , Klein Ross 
Published: June 2017

The proportion of Americans believing the United States is spending too little on national defense has varied considerably over the past four decades. In recent years; this proportion has increased from 12% in 1973 to 30% in 1978. Using data from the NORC General Social Surveys for 1973 through 1978, this article studies the correlates of opinions about defense spending and seeks to account for the trend toward increased support for greater arms spending. The results of this analysis suggest that factors important in explaining variations in opinions about arms spending vary with different historical periods. Three interconnected changes over the six years under study are suggested by the data to produce the aforementioned trend: the decline of the impact of the Vietnam war, a rise in particular elements of conservative ideology, and an increase in anti-Soviet and anticommunist sentiment.
Burden of diseases: A micro level analysis for selected districts of Karnataka
Authors: Annigeri V. B. , Nayanatara S. N. 
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a methodology for estimating the burden of diseases in monetary terms instead of a demographic indicator. The purpose was to ascertain the financial burden arising out of various categories of morbidity in the community. The disease-wise burden would act as a pointer for the policy maker to assign priority while allocating resources to different programmes within the health sector budget. The empirical study was carried out by CMDR, Dharwad under the sponsorship of IDRC, Canada, in four selected districts, viz. Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad and Dakshina Kannada of Karnataka with a sample size of 2039 households and 1156 patients. High share of unavoidable components of direct costs, viz. expenditure on medicines and doctors’ fees, makes morbidity all the more burdensome particularly for the poor people. Such results highlight the need for a specific policy about drug prices, charges for doctors’ services, discriminating pricing, etc. The study highlights that the nature of interventions about different permutations and combinations of preventive, promotive and curative care, or about the institutions of health care delivery (liberal, private, public, mix, on payment or free, etc), have to be consistent with the resource costs, incidence pattern of morbidity, socio-economic background of the morbid population and such other factors. Exercises of ranking of diseases according to total resource costs would aid adoption of an “eclectic cost-effectiveness approach”. Though the precision of the estimates from any empirical study may not be beyond dispute, the issues raised and new directions in thinking suggested, from the empirical study, deserve a serious consideration. The modest attempts made in this study to estimate resource costs should also be considered in that spirit, as issues of policy relevance in the health sector are raised from the present exercise.