bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smiling and accessible health services: Assessment of patients
Authors: Ozturk Havva 
Published: January 2018

The current study was done to determine whether smiling and accessible healthcare services were provided to the patients. This descriptive study was conducted at a university. The sample of the study was composed of 188 patients who were hospitalized in hospitals. The data were collected with a questionnaire consisted of 15 questions about patients’ demographic characteristics and their views about smiling and were analyzed with percentages, means, chi-square test. In the selection of the healthcare personnel, 62% of the patients paid attention to the fact that healthcare personnel should be caring and behave well. However; 83% of the patients stated that they could contact nurses easily while only 2% of the patients could reach physicians easily. In conclusion, patients thought that nurses were more smiling and accessible than physicians and particularly medical secretaries. Keywords: Health service; nursing; smiling; Turkey.
Views of nursing students about use of simulated pregnant in the practice of labor course
Authors: Sut Hatice Kahyaoglu 
Published: January 2018

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the views of nursing students about use of simulated pregnant in practice of labor course. This cross-sectional study was carried out on n=270 students at Trakya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing between January-March 2016. Students' socio-demographic data and opinions on the use of simulated pregnant in labor practice were collected with a questionnaire form. It was determined that 64.1% of the students thought that the use of simulated pregnant contributed to the practical learning of labor stages, 53% of them thought that it contributed to the development of clinical skills and abilities and 53.7% of them thought that it strengthened their clinical practice knowledge. It was determined that students thought that there were differences between the simulation practice and clinical applications (p<0.001), between the laboratory environmental conditions used and the real clinical conditions (p= 0.012). The majority of the students think that the use of simulated pregnant increases their learning skills and strengthens theoretical knowledge about labor. It is suggested that the environmental conditions should be prepared in a realistic way during training with simulated pregnant in the labor training skills laboratories. Keywords: Labor practice; nursing student; simulated pregnant.
Preventing child abuse and neglect
Authors: Cirik Vildan 
Published: January 2018

Aim of this study is to inform about the prevention of child abuse and neglect. This study was prepared as a compilation. Effective programmes are those that support parents and teach positive parenting skills. Some of the most effective responses for preventing child abuse and neglect focus on child-rearing, parent-child relationships and the family environment, including training in parenting. Nurses have a key role to play in identifying, treating and referring cases of abuse and neglect in reporting suspected cases of maltreatment to the appropriate authorities. Child abuse and neglect have a long lasting impact on the child, its family and the following generations. In order to protect children from this situation, it is necessary to develop preventive programs, to raise awareness of their families-teachers-community and to make legal arrangements. Additional research is needed to determine effective approaches for nurses to prevent child abuse or neglect. Keywords: Child abuse; child neglect; prevention; nurse.
Opinions of a group of academicians about social media communication in Turkey
Authors: Mersin Sevinc 
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted to determine opinions of a group of academicians about social media communication. The study was designed as a descriptive study in the qualitative design using semi-structured questions. The study was conducted with a total of 12 academicians in the 24-48 age range in the health faculty of a state university in Turkey. As a result of the study, two main themes were created as positive sides of communication through social media and negative sides of communication through social media. Determination of opinions of academicians about social media communication may be important for planning the curriculum including both positive and negative effects of social media communication in the university education. Keywords: Academician; communication; education; social media communication.
Negative mentors in nursing
Authors: Ozcan Cigdem Berk 
Published: January 2018

Mentoring is defined as the relationship between an older and experienced mentor and a less experienced young mentee who is seeking help in developing a career. Although learning, growth and development are not seen in various professional organizations and personal relationships, mentoring relationship is a relationship that focuses on the individual's career development and maturation.2007 Eby noted; the mentoring relationship can be observed in interpersonal relations as well as differences in terms of quality. Mentoring is a positive interaction or positive results may not necessarily be observable. Negative mentoring interaction in nurses is increasing in direct proportion to burnout. Eby and Allen 2002 study; Negative mentoring experience may be associated with more negative consequences, although positive mentoring experience contributes to positive outcomes for mentors, including stress and exhaustion reduction. Negative counseling experience for mentee is associated with increased stress and reduced job satisfaction and increased work intensity. In Eby et al.'s 2008 study, we examined the relationship between emotional exhaustion dimension and negative counseling in a study that did not show a relationship between negative mentoring experience and mentored burnout status. Schaffer and Taylar 2010 have identified a destructive relationship with negative emotional exhaustion, increasing emotional exhaustion among interpersonal problems. Negative mentoring experiences are related to emotional exhaustion in nurses and they can conceive significant consequences. Negative mentoring experiences relate to emotional exhaustion in nurses and they can have important consequences. Sambunjak et al 2009 pointed out that the obstacles of health workers are not having strong mentoring skills, seeing mentees as potential competitors, personal obstacles, time constraints, lack of shift work and incentives. Allen et al. 1997, former mentoring experience of the mentor, social support of the manager, work stress or organizational factors and individual characteristics contribute.Negative mentoring should be studied to establish a successful mentoring relationship in nursing. Nurses' awareness of negative mentoring should be increased and negative mentoring problems should be minimized. Keywords: Nursing; mentoring; negative mentoring.
Intraoperative variables associated with extubation time in patients undergoing open heart surgery
Authors: Ibrahimoglu Ozlem 
Published: January 2018

Decreasing mechanical ventilation and early extubation in patients has many clinical benefits. Hence, an awareness of some variables, associated with extubation time can help nurses to plan convenient care aimed at making a safe and early extubation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether any intraoperative variables had a significant effect on extubation time following open heart surgery. The research was conducted on 60 open heart surgery patients who met inclusion criteria between April 2014 and November 2014 in a cardiac and vasculer surgery clinic of university hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. The data were collected by using a â€œQuestionnaire Formâ€ which includes some intraoperative variables (type of surgery, the number of grafts, the duration of time of the cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic crossclamping, total operation time, and the extubation time). The data was analyzed by descriptive and analytical methods. Type of the surgery procedure was 40 (66%) patients were CABG, 10 (16,6%) were valvuler surgery, 6 (10%) were ASD/VSD primer repair and 4 (3,3%) were Bentall procedure. Extubation was achieved for 60 patients in a mean time of 8.33Â±1.99 h. 18,3% (11) of the patients were extubated in â‰¤6 h and 81,7% (49) of them were extubated in >6 h after surgery, classifying them into the early and delayed extubation groups, respectively. On statistical analysis, the duration of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping were found to have a significant effect on the extubation time.This study revealed that the duration of the cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping might play a role in the extubation time. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses consider this in their assessment of extubation as a shorter cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamping time might lead to earlier extubation. Keywords: Open heart surgery; extubation; intraoperative variables.
Creep and Wear in Vitamin E-Infused Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Cups for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Rochcongar G. , Buia G. , Bourroux E. , Dunet J. , Chapus V. , Hulet C. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Aseptic loosening, the most common indication for revision surgery in total hip arthroplasty, can result from osteolysis caused by polyethylene (PE) wear particles. PE wear is increased by age-related oxidation of PE and free radicals emerging during irradiation cross-linking. Diffusion of vitamin E into PE stabilizes free radicals to maintain the biomechanical properties of PE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked PE cups could reduce wear rates.

Methods:
We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial, in which 62 patients were allocated to 2 groups: a study group that received a vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked PE (HXLPE/VitE) cup and a control group that received an ultra-high molecular weight PE (UHMWPE) cup. Using radiostereometric analysis, we measured the penetration of the femoral head into the cup 7 days after surgery (baseline) and then again at 6 months and at 1, 2, and 3 years later.

Results:
Baseline variables did not differ significantly between the groups. At 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery, the HXLPE/VitE cup showed significantly less cumulative penetration (creep and wear) than the UHMWPE cup (p = 0.004, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). The cumulative penetration after 3 years was 0.200 mm for the HXLPE/VitE cup versus 0.317 mm for the UHMWPE cup (p < 0.0001). From 1 to 3 years after surgery, after creep had stabilized and further penetration was mainly due to wear, the mean penetration increased only 0.04 mm in the HXLPE/VitE cup and 0.116 mm in the UHMWPE cup.

Conclusions:
Our results confirm that wear rates over the first 3 years following surgery were lower in HXLPE/VitE cups than in UHMWPE cups. This suggests that HXLPE/VitE cups may prevent osteolysis, implant loosening, and eventually revision surgery. Long-term follow-up data continue to be collected to confirm these findings.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Potential of Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Tarabichi Majd , Shohat Noam , Goswami Karan , Alvand Abtin , Silibovsky Randi , Belden Katherine , Parvizi Javad 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Next-generation sequencing is a well-established technique for sequencing of DNA and has recently gained attention in many fields of medicine. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of next-generation sequencing in identifying the causative organism(s) in patients with periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods:
In this prospective study, samples were collected from 65 revision arthroplasties (39 knees and 26 hips) and 17 primary arthroplasties (9 hips and 8 knees). Synovial fluid, deep tissue, and swabs were obtained at the time of the surgical procedure and were shipped to the laboratory for next-generation sequencing. Deep-tissue specimens were also sent to the institutional laboratory for culture. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for next-generation sequencing, using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) definition of periprosthetic joint infection as the standard.

Results:
In 28 revisions, the cases were considered to be infected; cultures were positive in 17 cases (60.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 40.6% to 78.5%]), and next-generation sequencing was positive in 25 cases (89.3% [95% CI, 71.8% to 97.7%]), with concordance between next-generation sequencing and culture in 15 cases. Among the 11 cases of culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection, next-generation sequencing was able to identify an organism in 9 cases (81.8% [95% CI, 48.2% to 97.7%]). Next-generation sequencing identified microbes in 9 (25.0% [95% CI, 12.1% to 42.2%]) of 36 aseptic revisions with negative cultures and in 6 (35.3% [95% CI, 14.2% to 61.7%]) of 17 primary total joint arthroplasties. Next-generation sequencing detected several organisms in most positive samples. However, in the majority of patients who were infected, 1 or 2 organisms were dominant.

Conclusions:
Next-generation sequencing may be a useful adjunct in identification of the causative organism(s) in culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection. Our findings suggest that some cases of monomicrobial periprosthetic joint infection may have additional organisms that escape detection when culture is used. Further study is required to determine the clinical implications of isolated organisms in samples from patients who are not thought to be infected.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Improved Crop Canopy and Water Balance Dynamics for Agroecosystem Modeling Using DayCent
Authors: Zhang Yao , Suyker Andrew , Paustian Keith 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Green leaf weight ratio (GLWR) of annual crops can be approximated by piece‐wise linear equations over the entire growing season.Our modified green leaf area index (GLAI) method is simple yet both general and robust for simulation of GLAI of annual grain crops.Incorporation of this new approach in DayCent model yielded substantial improvements in prediction of canopy dynamics, evapotranspiration and crop production.
Field experimental data of maize and soybean from two locations in the US Corn Belt and winter wheat in northern Oklahoma were used to develop a modified empirical method for simulating green leaf area index (GLAI) in the DayCent model. The method is based on the change of green leaf weight ratio (GLWR) as a function of phasic development in grain crops, in which GLWR decreases as growing degree days increase. In the previous version of DayCent, GLWR was assumed constant for annual crops and GLAI increased proportional to above‐ground biomass from post‐emergence until reaching full canopy and was then assumed to remain constant until harvest. The simulated results from the modified DayCent model compared well with field measurement of GLAI and aboveground biomass for all three crops (avg. R2 of approximately 0.8). The new GLAI algorithm yielded a substantial improvement in simulated canopy dynamics as well as evapotranspiration and soil–water content, especially in late growing season period, with the improved representation of canopy senescence. The overall R2 for canopy cover improved from 0.66 to 0.93 for maize and 0.52 to 0.88 for soybean; the R2 for weekly ET in late growing season increased from 0.53 to 0.82 for the Nebraska site. Simulation of biomass and grain yield by the modified model was also improved relative to the prior DayCent version for maize (R2 increased from 0.47 to 0.69).
Steer and Pasture Productivity Influenced by Intensive Early Stocking plus Late Season Grazing
Authors: Owensby Clenton E. , Auen Lisa M. 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Preconditioning rangelands by heavy early grazing increases stocking rate.
Rotation of Intensive Early Stocking + Late‐Season Grazing with Intensive Early Stocking over two years sustains AGB.
A 2‐year rotation of Intensive Early Stocking + Late‐Season Grazing and Intensive Early Stocking increases net returns.
Steer gains, aboveground biomass (AGB) remaining at the end of the growing season, and economic returns of Kansas were measured on annually‐burned Kansas Flint Hills rangeland under different grazing management schemes. These systems included: Season‐Long Stocking (SLS‐C), Intensive Early Stocking (IES‐C) and a grazing system which included a two‐year rotation of IES‐Rotated (IES‐R), and IES + Late‐Season Grazing at the normal stocking rate (IES+LSG). No supplemental feeding occurred. Each treatment was applied each year; therefore there is a comparison of IES‐C and IES‐R. Previous work has shown that grazing at twice the normal stocking rate until mid‐season resulted in greater regrowth availability which, in the late season, resulted in steers gaining as well as or better than those stocked SLS‐C at the normal rate even though the stocking rate was higher than normal. The remaining AGB at season's end on pastures grazed under the IES+LSG treatment was lower than annual IES in seven of the 10 year, but that on IES‐R pastures did not differ from IES‐C. Average SLS‐C steer gains (lb/steer) were less in eight of the 10 year than gains for steers grazed season‐long under the IES+LSG. In the other two years, SLS‐C steer gains were equal to that of the steers grazed season‐long under the IES+LSG. Steer gains per acre were always greater on pastures grazed under IES or for the two‐year rotation of IES+LSG and IES‐R system compared to SLS‐C. Net returns ($) per acre were approximately 50% greater under IES and 75% greater for the two‐year rotation system compared to SLS‐C pastures.
Mapping Soil Organic Carbon and Organic Matter Fractions by Geographically Weighted Regression
Authors: Costa Elias Mendes , Tassinari Wagner de Souza , Pinheiro Helena Saraiva Koenow , Beutler Sidinei Julio , dos Anjos Lucia Helena Cunha 
Published: January 2018

The soil organic matter (SOM) content and dynamic are related to vegetation cover, climate, relief, and geology; these factors have strong variation in space in the southeastern of Brazil. The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate performance of classical multiple linear regressions (MLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) and chemical fractions of organic matter in the Brazilian southeastern mountainous region. The regression models were fitted based on SOC and chemical fractions of SOM. The points (n = 89) were selected by pedologist's experience along transects and toposequences. The covariates were also selected using the empirical knowledge of pedologists when choosing variables that drive soil carbon content and its dynamics. Geology map, legacy soils map, terrain attributes derived from digital elevation model, and remote sensing indices derived from RapidEye sensor bands were used as covariates. In all MLR models (except for fulvic acid fraction [FAF]), the legacy soil map was selected as a covariate by the stepwise approach. The geology map was not selected as important covariate to predict FAF and humin (HUM). At least one variable derived from remote sensing was selected by the adjusted models. For the prediction of the SOC, HUM, and FAF, the GWR models had the highest performance. The MLR models extrapolated the results, especially for SOC. The relationships among SOC, SOM fractions, and environmental covariates were affected by local landscape variability, and the GWR model was better at modeling.Core Ideas
Landscape aids the understanding of soil organic matter dynamics in mountainous areas.
Models to predict SOM can be geographically weighted by environmental covariates.
Digital soil mapping techniques can improve methods to spatially represent SOM.
Removing the Effects of Iron Oxides from Vis‐NIR Spectra for Soil Organic Matter Prediction
Authors: Liu Ya , Xie Xianli , Wang Miao , Zhao Qiguo , Pan Xianzhang 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Iron oxides decreased the prediction accuracy of soil organic matter (SOM).
External parameter orthogonalization (EPO) was used initially to alleviate iron oxides effects.
Prediction accuracy of SOM was greatly improved from original models.
Recently, visible and near‐infrared (vis‐NIR) spectroscopy has been widely used to predict soil organic matter (SOM) contents because it is highly efficient and inexpensive. However, iron oxides interfere with the spectral characteristics of SOM, thereby decreasing the SOM prediction accuracy. In this study, the spectra of 267 soil samples from South China were used to investigate the effects of iron oxides on spectral reflectance, and external parameter orthogonalization (EPO) was implemented to remove the effects of the iron oxides. To examine the effectiveness of EPO, two commonly used modeling methods—partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least‐squares support vector machines regression (LS‐SVMR)—were applied to establish prediction models using spectra with and without EPO correction. The EPO algorithm effectively reduced the effects of iron oxides. Compared with the results calculated from the original spectra, the prediction accuracies derived from the EPO‐processed spectra using the two modeling methods were greatly improved. Additionally, the LS‐SVMR method performed better than the PLSR method, with a coefficient of determination of the prediction (R2p) of 0.91, a root mean square error of the prediction (RMSEp) of 4.31 g kg–1, a ratio of the standard deviation to the root mean square error of the prediction (RPD) of 3.31 and a ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ) of 4.45. The results demonstrated that the EPO method improved the accuracy of SOM prediction in soils rich in iron oxides. This method has the potential to improve the accuracy of SOM prediction in other soils rich in iron oxides worldwide.
Determination of the Concentration and Isotopic Composition of Soil Carbon in Arid Soils
Authors: Ketchian Elana , Trimble Brittany , Poulson Simon R. , Verburg Paul S. J. 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Measurement of inorganic and organic C in arid soils can be challenging.
Acid dissolution does not affect amount and isotopic composition of organic C.
Loss on ignition is unreliable when measuring isotopic composition of inorganic C upon heating.
Accurate quantification of organic C (OC) and inorganic C (IC) in arid soils is critical given that arid lands make up a substantial part of the terrestrial surface and IC is often the dominant C pool. Two methods were tested to quantify the percent OC and IC and the 13C isotopic composition on soils prepared by mixing a carbonate‐free surface soil with a ground marble tile achieving varying ratios of OC versus. IC. The loss on ignition percent C and δ13C data showed that at 400°C not all organic C was volatilized making this method unreliable at higher OC fractions. Additions of 1M HCl did not alter the amount and isotopic composition of the OC regardless of the relative amounts of OC versus IC present. Overall, the best method for measuring soil C concentration and δ13C depends on the relative concentrations of OC versus IC that are present in the soil.