bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lamotrigine on seizure development in a rat pentylenetetrazole kindling model
Authors: Chen Yishu , He Xiaokuo , Sun Qianqian , Fang Ziyan , Zhou Liemin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionEpileptogenesis is a process of seizure development. Lamotrigine is a novel antiepileptic drug which is also used for antiepileptogenic research. Kindling models are recommended as potentially useful tools for antiepileptogenic treatment discovery. However, previous studies demonstrated that the antiepileptogenic effect of lamotrigine is controversial in the electrical kindling model. Chemical kindling such as with pentylenetetrazole is another kindling model. The aims of this study were to examine whether lamotrigine could prevent the development of seizure in pentylenetetrazole kindling rats.MethodsFemale rats were kindled by subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazole (35 mg/kg) once every other day for 15 times. Thereafter, the kindled rats received different doses of lamotrigine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) before pentylenetetrazole to observe the anticonvulsant effect. For the antiepileptogenic experiment, rats were kindled as the same way while pretreated (1 h) with different doses of lamotrigine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) before each injection of pentylenetetrazole. After a washout period for 1 week, the rats were administrated with pentylenetetrazole again for 3 times. The seizures were recorded each time. Later it was in vivo electrophysiological experiments followed with histologic analysis.ResultsFor the anticonvulsant experiment lamotrigine dose‐dependently suppressed pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures. Here, 20 mg/kg of lamotrigine pretreatment significantly blocked the seizure development in rats for their seizure stages remained longer in 1–3 during the kindling phase. Mean seizure stages or generalized seizure durations in the 10 and 20 mg/kg lamotrigine pretreated groups were significantly lower or shorter when received 3 times of pentylenetetrazole after the washout period. Electrophysiological study also demonstrated 20 mg/kg of lamotrigine pretreatment obviously eliminated increased population spike amplitude in hippocampus. However, different doses of lamotrigine pretreatment could not alleviate severity of hippocampal neuronal damage.ConclusionsThe results suggest that adequate doses of lamotrigine can prevent seizure development in the pentylenetetrazole kindling rat model.
Spinal epidural hematoma following a thoracic epidural in a child with sickle cell disease
Authors: Sathyamoorthy Madhankumar , Walker Benjamin , Rhodes Melissa M. , Eriator Ike 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessageAcute liver dysfunction in the perioperative period may increase the risk of epidural hematoma in a patient with a neuraxial catheter. Coagulation testing needs to be carefully monitored in these patients. An epidural hematoma should be ruled out urgently by CT or MRI in cases of a persistent motor block.
N‐Heterocyclic Phosphenium Complex of Manganese: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Gediga Micheal , Feil Christoph M. , Schlindwein Simon H. , Bender Johannes , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA neutral N‐heterocyclic phosphenium complex of manganese was synthesised by a metathesis approach and characterised by IR, NMR, and XRD studies. The short P−Mn distance suggests a substantial metal–ligand double bond character. Reaction with a hydride produced an anionic phosphine complex, which was also characterised by IR and NMR spectroscopy and, after anion exchange, a single‐crystal XRD study. Protonation of the anion occurs at the metal to yield a neutral phosphine metal carbonyl hydride, which releases dihydrogen upon irradiation with UV light. These reactions confirm the electrophilic nature of the phosphenium ligand and suggest that the title complex might undergo reactions displaying metal–ligand cooperativity. Surprisingly, reaction with ammonia borane (AB) did not proceed under transfer hydrogenation of the Mn=P double bond but through the catalytic dehydrogenation of AB. The phosphenium complex behaves here as a class II catalyst, which dehydrogenates AB to NH2BH2 that was trapped with cyclohexene. Computational model studies led to the identification of two possible catalytic cycles, which differ in the regioselectivity of the initial AB activation step. In one case, the activation proceeds as cooperative transfer hydrogenation of the Mn=P bond, whereas in the other case a H+/H− pair is transferred to the phosphorus atom and a nitrogen atom of the phosphenium unit, resulting in a ligand‐centred reaction in which the metal fragment acts merely as stabilising substituent. Unexpectedly, this pathway, which constitutes a new reaction mode for phosphenium complexes, seems to be better in accord with experimental findings on the course of the catalysis.
Electron Transfer of Cytochrome c on Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering–Active Substrates: Material Dependence and Biocompatibility
Authors: Li Junbo , Cheng Weina , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Haijing , Jin Jing , Ji Wei , Han Xiao Xia , Zhao Bing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) represents a powerful approach for studying the structure and reaction of proteins in fundamental and applied sciences. The surface properties of SERS‐active materials determine important parameters such as Raman enhancement ability, biocompatibility, and electronic communication between supports and proteins. Here, electron transfer (ET) of Cyt c on noble metals and transition metals is investigated by SERS spectroscopy. The results here indicate that the ET occurs from the reduced state of Cyt c to silver substrate, depending on the laser wavelengths. Nickel and cobalt can directly transfer electrons to the oxidized state of Cyt c, which enables a reductive activity of these transition metal nanoparticles (NPs). This study demonstrates the role of transition metals as electron donors for Cyt c and has proved that the charge transfer theory for SERS is applicable for explanation of the ET between Cyt c and Ag NPs.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Andina Diana , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Luciani Paola 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are endogenously produced oxidants with various functions ranging from host defense to signaling. These transient species can cause severe damage to the body when their production is dysregulated or when environmental factors elevate their concentrations. To study their effects and prevent oxidative harm, tools capable of monitoring ROS in cells and tissue in a sensitive and selective fashion are required. In this Review, a summary of existing ratiometric probes is provided, together with a critical discussion of selected examples.
A Two‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Spiropiperidines
Authors: Griggs Samuel D. , Thompson Nathan , Tape Daniel T. , Fabre Marie , Clarke Paul A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA general two‐step synthesis of 2‐spiropiperidines has been developed. δ‐Amino‐β‐ketoesters can be reacted with cyclic ketones to generate 2‐spiropiperidines in good to excellent yields. The 2‐spiropiperidines formed occupy an under‐explored region of 3D‐chemical space and are novel scaffolds for use in drug discovery programs. These 2‐spiropiperidines can be further functionalised to generate small highly sp3‐rich structures, which exhibit an excellent likeness to lead‐molecules in drug discovery.
Safety and efficacy of DOACs vs acenocoumarol in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Vlachos Konstantinos , Efremidis Michael , Bazoukis George , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Saplaouras Athanasios , Georgopoulos Stamatis , Karamichalakis Nikolaos , Rokiza Aikaterini , Sakellaropoulou Antigoni , Kolokathis Angelos Michail , Efremidis Theodoros , Asvestas Dimitrios , Sideris Antonios 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThromboembolic complications can be life‐threatening during atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous treatment using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as an alternative to uninterrupted acenocoumarol for periprocedural anticoagulation.HypothesisContinuous treatment with DOACs has similar safety and efficacy compared to acenocoumarol.MethodsWe enrolled 474 patients (mean age, 58 years; 68.4% male) undergoing AF catheter ablation between June 2013 and December 2016. All patients were equally assigned to take acenocoumarol (group 1, 136 patients) or DOACs (group 2, 338 patients) for ≥2 months before the procedure. We compared thromboembolic and bleeding complications between the 2 groups.ResultsOur analysis showed no significant difference in major and minor complications between the 2 patient groups. Specifically, 3 of 136 patients (2.2%) using uninterrupted acenocoumarol had a major complication (1 patient [0.7%] had transient ischemic attack resolved 8 hours later, 1 [0.7%] had pericardial tamponade, and 1 [0.7%] had a subcapsular renal hematoma) and 2 patients (1.4%) had minor complications (1 [0.7%] pseudoaneurysm and 1 [0.7%] groin hematoma). In group 2, 1 of 338 patients (0.3%) had a major complication (transient ischemic attack). In the same group, 7 patients (2.1%) had a minor complication (1 patient [0.3%] presented with pseudoaneurysm, 4 [1.2%] with pericardial effusion <1 cm, 1 [0.3%] femoral arteriovenous fistula between the femoral artery and femoral vein, and 1 [0.7%] groin hematoma).ConclusionsDOACs and acenocoumarol have similar safety and effectiveness regarding thromboembolic complications prevention without increasing bleeding complications.
Mass Production of Monodisperse Carbon Microspheres with Size‐Dependent Supercapacitor Performance via Aqueous Self‐Catalyzed Polymerization
Authors: Yu Qiang , Guan Doudou , Zhuang Zechao , Li Jiantao , Shi Changwei , Luo Wen , Zhou Liang , Zhao Dongyuan , Mai Liqiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA facile, aqueous, self‐catalyzed polymerization method has been developed for the mass production of monodisperse phenolic resin and carbon microspheres. The synthesis is mainly based on the self‐catalyzed reaction between phenol derivatives and the hydrolysis products of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). The obtained phenolic resin spheres have a tunable size of 0.8–6.0 μm, depending on the type of phenol and HMTA/phenol ratio. Treating the phenolic resin with steam at an elevated temperature results in monodisperse carbon microspheres with abundant micropores, high surface area, and rich surface functionality. The resultant carbon spheres exhibit a size‐dependent electrical double‐layer capacitor performance; the capacitance increases with decreasing particle size. The nitrogen and oxygen codoped carbon spheres with the smallest size (≈600 nm) deliver a high specific capacitance (282 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), excellent rate capability (170 F g−1 at 20 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (95.3 % capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1). This study provides a new avenue for the mass production of monodisperse carbon microspheres.
Hyperspectral Imaging to Determine the Properties and Homogeneity of Renewable Carbon Materials
Authors: Mäkelä Mikko , Geladi Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHyperspectral imaging within the near infrared (NIR) region offers a fast and reliable way for determining the properties of renewable carbon materials. The chemical information provided by a spectrum combined with the spatial information of an image allows mathematical operations that can be performed in both the spectral and spatial domains. Here, we show that hyperspectral NIR imaging can be successfully used to determine the properties of hydrothermally prepared carbon on the material and pixel levels. Materials produced from different feedstocks or prepared under different temperatures can also be distinguished, and their homogeneity can be evaluated. As hyperspectral imaging within the NIR region is non‐destructive and requires very little sample preparation, it can be used for controlling the quality of renewable carbon materials destined for a wide range of different applications.
Energy efficient routing formation technique for hybrid ad hoc network using fusion of artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Das Santosh Kumar , Tripathi Sachin 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHybrid Ad‐hoc NETwork (HANET) is a fusion of both the static and dynamic topologies. Each node of this network consists of low capacity battery. Because of heterogeneous characteristic of the topology, network parameters are imprecise in nature. This, in effect, the performance and lifetime of the network degrade. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes an optimized energy efficient routing (OE2R) method. This method is inspired by artificial intelligence techniques such as multiobjective optimization, geometric programming, aspiration level, and tolerance limit. The fusion of such stated artificial intelligence techniques provide an effective tool to optimize multiple conflict objectives and estimate imprecise parameters of the network, simultaneously. The proposed technique OE2R is simulated using LINGO optimization software. To justify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, its performance is compared with some existing methods such as approximate linear programming technique for average cost bounds and linear programming‐based efficient message delivery approach in hybrid network in several passes of performance metrics. The simulation results show that the proposed OE2R method performs much better with the comparative methods and may be implemented as energy‐efficient routing for HANET.
Affiliation with substance‐using peers: Examining gene‐environment correlations among parent monitoring, polygenic risk, and children's impulsivity
Authors: Elam Kit K. , Chassin Laurie , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Pandika Danielle , Wang Frances L. , Bountress Kaitlin , Dick Danielle , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractParental monitoring can buffer the effect of deviant peers on adolescents’ substance use by reducing affiliation with substance‐using peers. However, children's genetic predispositions may evoke poorer monitoring, contributing to negative child outcomes. We examined evocative genotype‐environment correlations underlying children's genetic predisposition for behavioral undercontrol and parental monitoring in early adolescence via children's impulsivity in middle childhood, and the influence of parental monitoring on affiliation with substance‐using peers a year and a half later (n = 359). Genetic predisposition for behavioral undercontrol was captured using a polygenic risk score, and a portion of passive rGE was controlled by including parents’ polygenic risk scores. Children's polygenic risk predicted poorer parental monitoring via greater children's impulsivity, indicating evocative rGE, controlling for a portion of passive rGE. Poorer parental monitoring predicted greater children's affiliation with substance‐using peers a year and a half later. Results are discussed with respect to gene‐environment correlations within developmental cascades.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome: Neurobehavior at 6 weeks of age in infants with or without pharmacological treatment for withdrawal
Authors: Heller Nicole A. , Logan Beth A. , Morrison Deborah G. , Paul Jonathan A. , Brown Mark S. , Hayes Marie J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUse and abuse of prescription opioids and concomitant increase in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), a condition that may lead to protracted pharmacological treatment in more than 60% of infants, has tripled since 2000. This study assessed neurobehavioral development using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale in 6‐week old infants with prenatal methadone exposure who did (NAS+; n = 23) or did not (NAS−; n = 16) require pharmacological treatment for NAS severity determined by Finnegan Scale. An unexposed, demographically similar group of infants matched for age served as comparison (COMP; n = 21). NAS+, but not NAS− group, had significantly lower scores on the regulation (p < .01) and quality of movement (p < .01) summary scales than the COMP group. The NAS+ and NAS− groups had higher scores on the stress‐abstinence scale than the COMP group (p < .05). NAS diagnosis (NAS +) was associated with poorer regulation and quality of movement at 6 weeks of age compared to infants without prenatal methadone exposure from the same demographic.
Neonatal oxytocin and vasopressin manipulation alter social behavior during the juvenile period in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Taylor Jack H. , Cavanaugh Jon , French Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOxytocin and vasopressin are important modulators of a wide variety of social behaviors, and increasing evidence is showing that these neuropeptides are important organizational effectors of later‐life behavior as well. We treated day‐old gerbil pups with oxytocin, vasopressin, an oxytocin receptor antagonist, a vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist, or saline control, and then measured received parental responsiveness during the early postnatal period and juvenile social behavior during weaning. Neonatal vasopressin treatment enhanced sociality in males, but not females, at both developmental time points. When pups were individually placed outside the nest, parents were more responsive to male pups treated with vasopressin compared with littermates, and vasopressin treated male pups exhibited increased play with littermates as juveniles. These results show that vasopressin during very early life can enhance social interactions throughout early development.
The significant effects of puberty on the genetic diathesis of binge eating in girls
Authors: Klump Kelly L. , Culbert Kristen M. , O'Connor Shannon , Fowler Natasha , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveRecent data show significant phenotypic and genetic associations between ovarian hormones and binge eating in adulthood. Theories of hormonal risk focus on puberty and the possibility that hormone activation induces changes in genetic effects that then lead to differential risk for binge eating in postpuberty and adulthood. Although this theory is difficult to test in humans, an indirect test is to examine whether genetic influences on binge eating increase during the pubertal period in girls. Prior work has shown pubertal increases in genetic influences on overall disordered eating symptoms, but no study to date has examined binge eating. The present study was the first to examine these increases for binge eating.MethodsParticipants included 1,568 female twins (aged 8–25 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Binge eating and pubertal development were assessed with self‐report questionnaires.ResultsTwin moderation models showed significant linear increases in genetic effects from prepuberty (5%) to postpuberty (42%), even after controlling for the effects of age and body mass index.DiscussionResults provide critical support for increased genetic influences on binge eating during puberty. Additional studies are needed to identify hormonal mechanisms and fully test contemporary models of ovarian hormone risk.
The mitochondrial genome of a sea anemone Bolocera sp. exhibits novel genetic structures potentially involved in adaptation to the deep‐sea environment
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Yan‐Hong , Wang Xin , Zhang Hui‐Xian , Lin Qiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe deep sea is one of the most extensive ecosystems on earth. Organisms living there survive in an extremely harsh environment, and their mitochondrial energy metabolism might be a result of evolution. As one of the most important organelles, mitochondria generate energy through energy metabolism and play an important role in almost all biological activities. In this study, the mitogenome of a deep‐sea sea anemone (Bolocera sp.) was sequenced and characterized. Like other metazoans, it contained 13 energy pathway protein‐coding genes and two ribosomal RNAs. However, it also exhibited some unique features: just two transfer RNA genes, two group I introns, two transposon‐like noncanonical open reading frames (ORFs), and a control region‐like (CR‐like) element. All of the mitochondrial genes were coded by the same strand (the H‐strand). The genetic order and orientation were identical to those of most sequenced actiniarians. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this species was closely related to Bolocera tuediae. Positive selection analysis showed that three residues (31 L and 42 N in ATP6, 570 S in ND5) of Bolocera sp. were positively selected sites. By comparing these features with those of shallow sea anemone species, we deduced that these novel gene features may influence the activity of mitochondrial genes. This study may provide some clues regarding the adaptation of Bolocera sp. to the deep‐sea environment.
Effects of flood inundation and invasion byPhalaris arundinaceaon nitrogen cycling in an Upper Mississippi River floodplain forest
Authors: Swanson Whitney , De Jager Nathan R. , Strauss Eric , Thomsen Meredith 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough floodplains are thought to serve as important buffers against nitrogen (N) transport to aquatic systems, frequent flooding and high levels of nutrient availability also make these systems prone to invasion by exotic plant species. Invasive plants could modify the cycling and availability of nutrients within floodplains, with effects that could feedback to promote the persistence of the invasive species and impact N export to riverine and coastal areas. We examined the effect of flooding on soil properties and N cycling at a floodplain site in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River with 2 plant communities: mature native forest (Acer saccharinum) and patches of an invasive grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Plots were established within each vegetation type along an elevation gradient and sampled throughout the summers of 2013 and 2014. Spatial trends in flooding resulted in higher soil organic matter, porosity, and total nitrogen and carbon in low elevations. Nutrient processes and NH4+and NO3−availability, however, were best explained by vegetation type and time after flooding.Phalarisplots maintained higher rates of nitrification and higher concentrations of available NH4+and NO3−. These results suggest that invasion byPhalarismay make nitrogen more readily available and could help to reinforce this species' persistence in floodplain wetlands. They also raise the possibility thatPhalarismay decrease floodplain N storage capacity and influence downstream transport of N to coastal zones.