bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Australian Accounting Education on Repatriates' Career Development
Authors: Hao Jie , Liu Qingsong 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this article is to explore the impact of Australian accounting education on the career development of Chinese self‐initiated repatriates (SIRs) in different business settings. It is acknowledged in the literature that international education has an impact on the career development of SIRs. However, in this study, we explore the impact in terms of professional knowledge, qualifications and international exposure. A multi‐case study was conducted with Chinese SIRs in different industries in an effort to understand the specific impacts and potential adverse effects across different types of enterprises in China. Our research found that international accounting knowledge has a positive influence on individuals’ careers, especially in foreign enterprises. Skills obtained from international experience are highly valued in the foreign financial industry, while the CPA qualification is highly valued in accounting firms. Readjustment, competition from local counterparts and employers’ unreasonable expectations do have adverse effects. By analysing how SIRs’ professional knowledge in accounting disciplines has impacted their job performance in different industries, this article not only contributes to contemporary literature from a direct perspective but also presents practical recommendations regarding Chinese and Australian professional education.
Impact of Partner Change on Audit Quality: An Analysis of Partner and Firm Specialisation Effects
Authors: Arthur Neal , Endrawes Medhat , Ho Shawn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of audit partner rotation on audit quality and whether industry specialisation moderates such a relationship. The results of this study show that audit partner rotation can enhance audit quality but only when both the incoming audit partner and the audit firm are industry specialists. The results of the study provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of audit partner rotation and auditor industry specialisation practices, and their impact on audit quality. The results have implications for the profession as well as regulators regarding audit partner and audit firm industry specialisation. This is the first study to examine the moderating effect of industry specialisation on the auditor rotation–audit quality relationship at the partner level. The introduction of industry specialisation as a moderating factor provides additional insights into the auditor rotation–audit quality relationship at the partner level.
The EGALITY study: a confirmatory, randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of GP2015, a proposed etanercept biosimilar, vs. the originator product in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis
Authors: Griffiths C.E.M. , Thaçi D. , Gerdes S. , Arenberger P. , Pulka G. , Kingo K. , Weglowska J. ,   on behalf of the EGALITY study group, Hattebuhr N. , Poetzl J. , Woehling H. , Wuerth G. , Afonso M. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Background
GP2015 is a proposed etanercept biosimilar.

Objectives
To demonstrate equivalent efficacy, and comparable safety and immunogenicity of GP2015 and the etanercept originator (ETN, Enbrel®) in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis.

Methods
In total, 531 eligible patients were randomized 1 : 1 to self-administer GP2015 or ETN twice weekly subcutaneously. Patients with ≥ 50% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 50) at week 12 were rerandomized to continue the same treatment on a once-weekly dosing schedule or to undergo a sequence of three treatment switches between GP2015 and ETN until week 30. Thereafter, patients continued treatment with the product they had been assigned to last, up to week 52.

Results
The difference in PASI 75 (75% improvement from baseline PASI score) response rates at week 12 between GP2015 and ETN (primary end point) was −2·3%. The 95% confidence interval (−9·85 to 5·30) was well contained within the prespecified margin range of −18 to 18. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events up to week 52 was comparable between continued GP2015 (59·8%) and ETN (57·3%); switching treatments revealed comparable safety profiles. Antidrug antibodies, all non-neutralizing, were limited to five patients on ETN during treatment period 1, and one patient in the switched ETN group, who had been treated with GP2015 for 12 weeks at the time of the finding.

Conclusions
The EGALITY study demonstrated equivalent efficacy and comparable safety and immunogenicity of GP2015 and ETN. The study results provide the final clinical confirmation of biosimilarity and contribute to the totality of the evidence proposing that GP2015 is an etanercept biosimilar.
Bone marrow stroma protects myeloma cells from cytotoxic damage via induction of the oncoprotein MUC1
Authors: Bar‐Natan Michal , Stroopinsky Dina , Luptakova Katarina , Coll Maxwell D. , Apel Arie , Rajabi Hasan , Pyzer Athalia R. , Palmer Kristen , Reagan Michaela R. , Nahas Myrna R. , Karp Leaf Rebecca , Jain Salvia , Arnason Jon , Ghobrial Irene M. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Kufe Donald , Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Avigan David 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is a lethal haematological malignancy that arises in the context of a tumour microenvironment that promotes resistance to apoptosis and immune escape. In the present study, we demonstrate that co‐culture of MM cells with stromal cells results in increased resistance to cytotoxic and biological agents as manifested by decreased rates of cell death following exposure to alkylating agents and the proteosome inhibitor, bortezomib. To identify the mechanism of increased resistance, we examined the effect of the co‐culture of MM cells with stroma cells, on expression of the MUC1 oncogene, known to confer tumour cells with resistance to apoptosis and necrosis. Co‐culture of stroma with MM cells resulted in increased MUC1 expression by tumour cells. The effect of stromal cell co‐culture on MUC1 expression was not dependent on cell contact and was therefore thought to be due to soluble factors secreted by the stromal cells into the microenvironment. We demonstrated that MUC1 expression was mediated by interleukin‐6 and subsequent up‐regulation of the JAK‐STAT pathway. Interestingly, the effect of stromal cell co‐culture on tumour resistance was partially reversed by silencing of MUC1 in MM cells, consistent with the potential role of MUC1 in mediating resistance to cytotoxic‐based therapies.
Non‐inferiority trials: No better? No worse? No change? No pain?
Authors: Hills Robert K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWith improvements in care over time it becomes harder to improve clinical outcomes in those conditions where cure rates are high. The focus of research can thus turn to the so‐called non‐inferiority trial: where the main aim is not to improve clinical outcome, but instead to provide evidence of a lack of difference, whilst other issues, such as cost or toxicity, are improved. The interpretation of such trials is not always straightforward. The burden of proof is reversed compared to a traditional superiority trial, and this means that many of the statistical safeguards, such as significance and intention‐to‐treat, which act as restraints from an overhasty adoption of a new therapy, may actually work in the opposite fashion. The issues regarding non‐inferiority and equivalence trials are considered, and their interpretation discussed.
The aspirin story – from willow to wonder drug
Authors: Desborough Michael J. R. , Keeling David M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe story of the discovery of aspirin stretches back more than 3500 years to when bark from the willow tree was used as a pain reliever and antipyretic. It involves an Oxfordshire clergyman, scientists at a German dye manufacturer, a Nobel Prize‐winning discovery and a series of pivotal clinical trials. Aspirin is now the most commonly used drug in the world. Its role in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease has been revolutionary and one of the biggest pharmaceutical success stories of the last century.
Evaluation of a 24‐gene signature for prognosis of metastatic events and prostate cancer‐specific mortality
Authors: Pellegrini Kathryn L. , Sanda Martin G. , Patil Dattatraya , Long Qi , Santiago‐Jiménez María , Takhar Mandeep , Erho Nicholas , Yousefi Kasra , Davicioni Elai , Klein Eric A. , Jenkins Robert B. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Moreno Carlos S. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the prognostic potential of a 24‐gene signature, Sig24, for identifying patients with prostate cancer who are at risk of developing metastases or of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP).Patients and MethodsSig24 scores were calculated from previously collected gene expression microarray data from the Cleveland Clinic and Mayo Clinic (I and II). The performance of Sig24 was determined using time‐dependent c‐index analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsHigher Sig24 scores were significantly associated with higher pathological Gleason scores in all three cohorts. Analysis of the Mayo Clinic II cohort, which included time‐to‐event information, indicated that patients with high Sig24 scores also had a higher risk of developing metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–7.29; P < 0.001) or of PCSM (HR 6.54, 95% CI: 2.16–19.83; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study show the applicability of Sig24 for the prognosis of metastasis or PCSM after RP. Future studies investigating the combination of Sig24 with available prognostic tests may provide new approaches to improve risk stratification for patients with prostate cancer.
Preschoolers Continually Adjust Their Epistemic Trust Based on an Informant's Ongoing Accuracy
Authors: Ronfard Samuel , Lane Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2017

Children aged 4–7 years (N = 120) played four rounds of a find‐the‐sticker game. For each round, an informant looked into two cups and made a claim about which cup held a sticker. At the end of each round, children guessed the sticker's location, and then the sticker's actual location was revealed. For three of the rounds, the informant accurately reported the sticker's location. But critically, for one round—either Round 1, 2, or 3—she was inaccurate. Children continually adjusted their trust in the informant as they obtained more information about her accuracy. Relations between the informant's pattern of accuracy and children's trust were robust, neither mediated nor moderated by children inferences about her intent or traits.
Risk of arrhythmic death in ischemic heart disease: a prospective, controlled, observer‐blind risk stratification over 10 years
Authors: Pezawas Thomas , Diedrich André , Robertson David , Winker Robert , Richter Bernhard , Wang Li , Schmidinger Herwig 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundRisk of arrhythmic death is considered highest in ischemic heart disease with severe left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction. Non‐invasive testing should improve decision‐making of prophylactic defibrillator (ICD) implantation.DesignWe enrolled 120 patients with ischemic heart disease and LVEF < 50% and 30 control subjects without ischemic heart disease and normal LVEF. An initial assessment, a second assessment after 3 years and a final follow‐up comprised of pharmacological baroreflex testing (BRS), short‐term spectral [low‐frequency (LF) to high‐frequency (HF) ratio] and long‐term time‐domain analysis of heart rate variability (SDNN), exercise Microvolt T‐wave alternans (MTWA) and others.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 7·5 years. Resuscitated cardiac arrest and arrhythmic death due to ventricular arrhythmias ≥ 240/min was observed in 18% and 15% of patients, respectively. Cardiac death was observed in 28% of patients. The incidence of arrhythmic death and resuscitated cardiac arrest was identical in patients with ischemic heart disease with LVEF < 30% and ≥ 30%. No significant difference between subgroups with LVEF of < 30%, 30–39% and ≥ 40% was found either. MTWA, BRS, SDNN and LF to HF ratio failed to identify patients at risk of arrhythmic death in a multiple regression model.ConclusionsIschemic heart disease patients with LVEF < 30% and ≥ 30% face the same risk of arrhythmic death. Stratification techniques fail to identify high‐risk patients. Therefore, the current practice to constrain prophylactic ICDs to patients with severely reduced LVEF seems to be insufficient.
Survival and growth of hatchery and wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) parr in three Austrian headwater streams
Authors: Pinter Kurt , Weiss Steven , Lautsch Erwin , Unfer Günther 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBrown trout populations of three headwater streams in the Northern Limestone Alps of Austria were supplemented by three‐month‐old hatchery‐reared parr from a wild and locally adapted strain and a nonresident domesticated hatchery strain. Growth and survival were monitored with three surveys over a period of 16 months after stocking. Fish descending from the wild reared origin strain demonstrated higher survival rates than the hatchery strain. Differences in growth were found among the investigated streams but not among the investigated strains. The differing temperature regimes of the streams were considered as the primary factor causing those disparities. We conclude that stocking measures had little or no additive effect on successful natural reproduction, as the resident wild brown trout performed significantly better than the stocked fish.
Suppression of invasive lake trout in an isolated backcountry lake in Glacier National Park
Authors: Fredenberg C. R. , Muhlfeld C. C. , Guy C. S. , D'Angelo V. S. , Downs C. C. , Syslo J. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFisheries managers have implemented suppression programmes to control non‐native lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), in several lakes throughout the western United States. This study determined the feasibility of experimentally suppressing lake trout using gillnets in an isolated backcountry lake in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, for the conservation of threatened bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley). The demographics of the lake trout population during suppression (2009–2013) were described, and those data were used to assess the effects of suppression scenarios on population growth rate (λ) using an age‐structured population model. Model simulations indicated that the population was growing exponentially (λ = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16–1.28) prior to suppression. However, suppression resulted in declining λ (0.61–0.79) for lake trout, which was concomitant with stable bull trout adult abundances. Continued suppression at or above observed exploitation levels is needed to ensure continued population declines.
Road culvert restoration expands the habitat connectivity and production area of juvenile Atlantic salmon in a large subarctic river system
Authors: Erkinaro J. , Erkinaro H. , Niemelä E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effects of restoration of impassable road culverts on the distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were evaluated in seven small tributaries of the subarctic River Teno system, northernmost Finland/Norway. Restoration enabled the passage of juvenile salmon through the culverts and increased the distribution area of salmon parr in the seven streams by tens or hundreds of metres, depending on the natural slope of the tributary with a total of ≈1 km new area for ascending juveniles. Areas upstream of the culverts were colonised after varying number of years, mostly 2–3, following restoration. Age‐1 and age‐2 parr were the first salmon age groups entering the new territory after removal of the migration barrier. Although the restoration measures were conducted at the downstream outlet area of the culverts only, the connectivity was improved and increased the production area accessible to juvenile salmon. Such removal of migration barriers and securing habitat connectivity by passable culverts should be taken into account in environmental management strategies of river systems safeguarding the essential habitats of salmonid fish.
Making knowledge legitimate: transnational advocacy networks' campaigns against tobacco, infant formula and pharmaceuticals
Authors: ANDIA TATIANA , CHOREV NITSAN 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, we examine three different cases in which health activists lobbied the World Health Organization and its member states to regulate the marketing practices of multinational companies. The campaign against tobacco manufacturers resulted in a binding treaty; the campaign against manufacturers of infant formula resulted in a non‐binding code of conduct; and the campaign against pharmaceutical manufacturers failed. We show that existing arguments regarding the success of global social movements and transnational advocacy networks fail to explain the divergent outcomes in these three cases. Instead, we argue that the effectiveness of global advocacy in these cases depended on the level of perceived legitimacy of the knowledge supporting the advocates' claims and on the prestige of the experts participating in the campaigns.
Controls on Methane Occurrences in Shallow Aquifers Overlying the Haynesville Shale Gas Field, East Texas
Authors: Nicot Jean‐Philippe , Larson Toti , Darvari Roxana , Mickler Patrick , Slotten Michael , Aldridge Jordan , Uhlman Kristine , Costley Ruth 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the source of dissolved methane in drinking‐water aquifers is critical for assessing potential contributions from hydraulic fracturing in shale plays. Shallow groundwater in the Texas portion of the Haynesville Shale area (13,000 km2) was sampled (70 samples) for methane and other dissolved light alkanes. Most samples were derived from the fresh water bearing Wilcox formations and show little methane except in a localized cluster of 12 water wells (17% of total) in a approximately 30 × 30 km2 area in Southern Panola County with dissolved methane concentrations less than 10 mg/L. This zone of elevated methane is spatially associated with the termination of an active fault system affecting the entire sedimentary section, including the Haynesville Shale at a depth more than 3.5 km, and with shallow lignite seams of Lower Wilcox age at a depth of 100 to 230 m. The lignite spatial extension overlaps with the cluster. Gas wetness and methane isotope compositions suggest a mixed microbial and thermogenic origin with contribution from lignite beds and from deep thermogenic reservoirs that produce condensate in most of the cluster area. The pathway for methane from the lignite and deeper reservoirs is then provided by the fault system.
A qualitative study exploring medication management in people with dementia living in the community and the potential role of the community pharmacist
Authors: Maidment Ian D. , Aston Lydia , Moutela Tiago , Fox Chris G. , Hilton Andrea 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of dementia is increasing rapidly. People with dementia may be prescribed complex medication regimens, which may be challenging for them and any carers involved to safely manage.ObjectiveTo describe and understand the key challenges, in relation to medication issues, experienced by people with dementia and their informal carers dwelling in the community and the potential role of community pharmacists.DesignQualitative semi‐structured interviews.ParticipantsPeople with dementia, informal carers and health and social care professionals (HSCPs).ResultsThirty‐one participants (eleven informal carers, four people with dementia and sixteen HSCPs) were interviewed. Three key themes were identified: the key challenges, improving medication management and the role of pharmacists. The caring role commonly included responsibility for medication management which created both practical problems and an emotional burden. This burden was worsened by any difficulty in obtaining support and if the person with dementia was on a complex regimen. Participants believed that the process could be improved by coordinated and on‐going support from HSCPs, which should focus on the informal carer. Medication reviews, particularly when conducted in the home environment, could be helpful.ConclusionMedication management for people with dementia living in the community is a complex process, and informal carers have a key role, which they frequently find challenging. Community pharmacists could have an enhanced role in this area, but would need to work within a more multidisciplinary environment outside the pharmacy.
Development of a peer‐review framework for cancer multidisciplinary meetings
Authors: Johnson Claire E. , Slavova‐Azmanova Neli , Saunders Christobel 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThere is no mechanism in place for monitoring or quality improvement of cancer multidisciplinary meetings (MDM) in Australia.AimTo develop a peer‐review process for quality improvement of MDM.MethodsThis project involved three phases: (i) development of a draft peer‐review framework, supporting documents and peer‐review process; (ii) consultation with key stakeholders; (iii) refinement of the framework, documents and processes following a pilot study with three MDM.ResultsFeedback indicated that specific standards included in the framework needed to allow the peer reviewers to be flexible relative to the circumstances of the individual MDM. Conversely, feedback identified the need for clear, evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines for the conduct of MDM, with accepted standards and objective measures of performance. MDM members were divided about the need to employ peer reviewers from the tumour stream of the MDM under review but agreed that closer involvement of the team under review to support the implementation of recommendations is warranted.ConclusionsWe developed an adaptable peer‐review framework and process using the current available evidence and guidance. While further research is needed to establish what constitutes best practice in MDM and which processes contribute to improved patient outcomes, the structured peer‐review process we describe, when modified using the disease‐relevant evidence, could be utilised more broadly as a quality improvement tool.