bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable depth distribution of Trichodesmium clades in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Rouco Mónica , Haley Sheean T. , Alexander Harriet , Wilson Samuel T. , Karl David M. , Dyhrman Sonya T. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPopulations of nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria in the genus Trichodesmium are critical to ocean ecosystems, yet predicting patterns of Trichodesmium distribution and their role in ocean biogeochemistry is an ongoing challenge. This may, in part, be due to differences in the physiological ecology of Trichodesmium species, which are not typically considered independently in field studies. In this study, the abundance of the two dominant Trichodesmium clades (Clade I and Clade III) was investigated during a survey at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) using a clade‐specific qPCR approach. While Clade I dominated the Trichodesmium community, Clade III abundance was >50% in some NPSG samples, in contrast to the western North Atlantic where Clade III abundance was always <10%. Clade I populations were distributed down to depths >80 m, while Clade III populations were only observed in the mixed layer and found to be significantly correlated with depth and temperature. These data suggest active niche partitioning of Trichodesmium species from different clades, as has been observed in other cyanobacteria. Tracking the distribution and physiology of Trichodesmium spp. would contribute to better predictions of the physiological ecology of this biogeochemically important genus in the present and future ocean.
Cross‐sectional study on allergic sensitization of Austrian adolescents using molecule‐based IgE profiling
Authors: Stemeseder T. , Klinglmayr E. , Moser S. , Lueftenegger L. , Lang R. , Himly M. , Oostingh G. J. , Zumbach J. , Bathke A. C. , Hawranek T. , Gadermaier G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAllergen‐specific IgE antibodies are a hallmark of type I allergy. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to analyze the sensitization profiles of an Austrian adolescent population utilizing molecule‐based IgE diagnosis.MethodsSerum samples of 501 nonselected pupils from Salzburg, Austria, were tested in ImmunoCAP ISAC® for IgE reactivity to 112 single allergens. Sensitization profiles were assessed and statistically coordinated with reported allergies.ResultsIn the population aged 12–21 years, 53.5% showed IgE reactivity to at least one allergen tested. The highest prevalence was found for Phl p 1 from grass pollen (26.5%), group 2 mite allergens (18.2%), Bet v 1 from birch pollen (16.3%) and Fel d 1 from cat (14.4%). The majority of participants showed a complex sensitization profile and reacted on average to 9 allergens. Pollen sensitization was highly prevalent (41.7%) and mainly driven by group I grass and PR‐10 allergens of the Betulaceae family, while Pla l 1 represented the most relevant weed. Diagnosed and self‐reported allergies were noted in 21.9% and 45.5% of participants, respectively, and correlated well with in vitro results. Among atopic individuals, 71.4% reported to suffer from at least one allergy; concordance was found for grass and cat sensitization, while venom‐ and weed pollen‐positive individuals were frequently asymptomatic.ConclusionsMore than half of the tested adolescent population had already established an atopic status presenting a complex IgE reactivity profile dominated by pollen sensitization. Detailed molecule‐based analysis allows determining relevant biomarkers and monitoring of the atopic status in populations.
Prospective randomized controlled study on the validity and safety of an absorbable adhesion barrier (Interceed®) made of oxidized regenerated cellulose for laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Naito Masanori , Ogura Naoto , Yamanashi Takahiro , Sato Takeo , Nakamura Takatoshi , Miura Hirohisa , Tsutsui Atsuko , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Tanaka Rieko , Kumagai Yuji , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionClinical use of an adhesion barrier made of oxidized, regenerated cellulose, Interceed®, has been reported in the field of obstetrics and gynecology to help prevent adhesions between the peritoneum and the bowel in various types of operations. In gastrointestinal surgery, sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose has been reported as an absorbable membrane to reduce postoperative adhesions. The present study was a prospective randomized controlled study to investigate the safety and usefulness of Interceed in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.MethodsWe analyzed 99 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery from 2013 to 2014. The patients were randomly allocated to the group that used Interceed (Interceed group) or the group that did not (Non‐Interceed group).ResultsFifty cases used Interceed, and 49 cases did not. The incidence of adverse events was 12.0% in the Interceed group and 16.3% in the Non‐Interceed group (P = 0.58). There were no significant differences, and no adhesive bowel obstructions were observed in the Interceed group.ConclusionWe have shown that using Interceed in laparoscopic colorectal surgery is valid and technically safe.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate mofetil in younger and elderly renal transplant recipients
Authors: Tang Jiang‐Tao , de Winter Brenda C. , Hesselink Dennis A. , Sombogaard Ferdi , Wang Lan‐Lan , van Gelder Teun 
Published: October 2016

AimsElderly transplant recipients have a lower incidence of acute rejection, and a higher risk to die from infectious complications. A potential cause may be differences in the pharmacokinetics (PK) or pharmacodynamics (PD) of the immunosuppressive drugs they are taking. This study was designed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of age on the PK and PD of mycophenolic acid (MPA).MethodsIn this study the PK and PD of MPA was studied in 26 elderly and 54 younger renal transplant recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. Patients were sampled repetitively, both before and during the first 6 months after kidney transplantation. Age‐related variability in MPA PK, baseline IMPDH activity, as well as MPA‐induced IMPDH inhibition were studied.ResultsThe IMPDH activity pre‐transplantation did not differ between elderly and younger patients. Neither IMPDH activity pre‐transplantation nor maximum IMPDH inhibition was significantly correlated with the patients' age. The area under the MPA plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–12h) and the area under the effect (IMPDH activity)–time curve (AEC0–12h) from 0 to 12 h were also not significantly different between the two groups. We found no significant differences in EC50 and Emax between elderly and younger patients.ConclusionsAge did not significantly affect the PK or PD of MPA. It is unlikely that the lower incidence of acute rejection in elderly patients, or the higher risk to die from a severe infection in elderly patients is due to different handling of MPA in the elderly.
Efficacy of knowledge and competence‐based training of non‐physicians in the provision of early infant male circumcision using the Mogen clamp in Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Kankaka Edward Nelson , Kigozi Godfrey , Kayiwa Daniel , Kighoma Nehemiah , Makumbi Frederick , Murungi Teddy , Nabukalu Dorean , Nampijja Resty , Watya Stephen , Namuguzi Daniel , Nalugoda Fred , Nakigozi Gertrude , Serwadda David , Wawer Maria , Gray Ronald H. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo assess acquisition of knowledge and competence in performing Early Infant Male Circumcision (EIMC) by non‐physicians trained using a structured curriculum.Subjects and MethodsTraining in provision of EIMC using the Mogen clamp was conducted for 10 Clinical Officers (COs) and 10 Registered Nurse Midwives (RNMWs), in Rakai, Uganda. Healthy infants whose mothers consented to study participation were assigned to the trainees, each of whom performed at least 10 EIMCs. Ongoing assessment and feedback for competency were done, and safety assessed by adverse events.ResultsDespite similar baseline knowledge, COs acquired more didactic knowledge than RNMWs (P = 0.043). In all, 100 EIMCs were assessed for gain in competency. The greatest improvement in competency was between the first and third procedures, and all trainees achieved 80% competency and retention of skills by the seventh procedure. The median (interquartile range) time to complete a procedure was 14.5 (10–47) min for the COs, and 15 (10–50) min for the RNMWs (P = 0.180). The procedure times declined by 2.2 min for each subsequent EIMC (P = 0.005), and rates of improvement were similar for COs and RNMWs. Adverse events were comparable between providers (3.5%), of which 1% were of moderate severity.ConclusionCompetence‐based training of non‐physicians improved knowledge and competency in EIMC performed by COs and RNMWs in Uganda.
Clinical risk stratification in patients with surgically resectable micropapillary bladder cancer
Authors: Fernández Mario I. , Williams Stephen B. , Willis Daniel L. , Slack Rebecca S. , Dickstein Rian J. , Parikh Sahil , Chiong Edmund , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. , Guo Charles C. , Czerniak Bogdan A. , McConkey David J. , Shah Jay B. , Pisters Louis L. , Grossman H. Barton , Dinney Colin P. N. , Kamat Ashish M. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo analyse survival in patients with clinically localised, surgically resectable micropapillary bladder cancer (MPBC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and develop risk strata based on outcome data.Patients and MethodsA review of our database identified 103 patients with surgically resectable (≤cT4acN0 cM0)MPBCwho underwentRC. Survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method and compared using log‐rank tests. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed to identify risk groups for survival.ResultsFor the entire cohort, estimated 5‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates were 52% and 58%, respectively.CARTanalysis identified three risk subgroups: low‐risk:cT1, no hydronephrosis; high‐risk: ≥cT2, no hydronephrosis; and highest‐risk:cTany with tumour‐associated hydronephrosis. The 5‐yearDSSfor the low‐, high‐, and highest‐risk groups were 92%, 51%, and 17%, respectively (P< 0.001). Patients down‐staged atRC<pT1 regardless of the use ofNAChad the best survival (5‐yearDSSof 96% vs 45% for those not down‐staged;P< 0.001), while those who were not down‐staged despiteNAChad 5‐yearDSSof only 17%.ConclusionIn patients with surgically resectableMPBC,NACappears to confer benefit to patients with muscle‐invasive disease without hydronephrosis, while patients with cT1 disease can proceed to upfront RC. Patients with hydronephrosis do not appear to respond well to NAC and have poor prognosis regardless of treatment paradigm. However, further external validation studies are needed to support the proposed risk stratification before treatment recommendations can be made.
WHOLESALE PRICES AND COURNOT‐BERTRAND COMPETITION
Authors: Rozanova Olga 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis note considers the competing vertical structures framework with Cournot‐Bertrand competition downstream. It shows that the equilibrium wholesale price paid by a Cournot (Bertrand)‐type retailer is above (below) marginal costs of a corresponding manufacturer. This result contrasts with the one under pure competition downstream (i.e., Cournot or Bertrand), where the wholesale price is set below (above) marginal costs in case of a Cournot (Bertrand) game at the retail level.
Validation of flavonoids as potential dipeptidyl peptidase III inhibitors: Experimental and computational approach
Authors: Agić Dejan , Brkić Hrvoje , Tomić Sanja , Karačić Zrinka , Špoljarević Marija , Lisjak Miroslav , Bešlo Drago , Abramić Marija 
Published: October 2016

Fifteen flavonoids were studied for their inhibitory activity against human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III) combining an in vitro assay with an in silico molecular modeling study. All analyzed flavonoids showed inhibitory effects against hDPP III with the IC50 values ranging from 22.0 to 437.2 μm. Our 3D QSAR studies indicate that the presence of hydrophilic regions at a flavonoid molecule increases its inhibitory activity, while the higher percentage of hydrophobic surfaces has negative impact on enzyme inhibition. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the complex of hDPP III with one of the most potent inhibitors, luteolin, were performed, and binding mode analysis revealed that the 3′ and 4′ hydroxyl group on B‐ring as well as 5 and 7 hydroxyl group on A‐ring helps luteolin to interact with the Asn391, Asn406, Tyr417, His450, Glu451, Val447, Glu512, Asn545, Gln566, and Arg572 residues. The MD results clearly provide valuable information explaining the importance of flavonoid hydroxyl groups in the mechanism for the binding pattern at the active site of hDPP III.
Chronic norovirus infection and common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Woodward J , Gkrania-Klotsas E , Kumararatne D 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Chronic infection with norovirus is emerging as a significant risk for patients with immunodeficiency – either primary or secondary to therapeutic immunosuppression. Patients with primary immunodeficiency present a range of pathological responses to norovirus infection. Asymptomatic infections occur and differentiating viral carriage or prolonged viral shedding after self-limiting infection from infection causing protracted diarrhoea can be challenging, due to relatively mild pathological changes that may mimic other causes of diarrhoea in such patients (for instance pathogenic bacteria or parasites or graft-versus-host disease). However, a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) experience a severe norovirus-associated enteropathy leading to intestinal villous atrophy and malabsorption. Symptomatic infection of up to 8 years has been demonstrated with clinical and histological recovery on viral clearance. Although oral immunoglobulins and nitazoxanide have been used to treat noroviral infections associated with immunosuppression, ribavirin is the only agent to date that has been linked to viral clearance in the Noroviral enteropathy associated with CVID.
Tonsillectomy is not a procedure of limited value – the unseen costs of tonsillitis and quinsy on hospital bed consumption
Authors: Mcleod R. , Brahmabhatt P. , Owens D. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the introduction of the SIGN Clinical guidelines in 1999 and subsequent revision in 2005 on tonsillectomy, hospital admission with tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess rates in four countries.MethodsRetrospective analysis using English, Welsh, Australian and New Zealand National healthcare hospital admission databases between 2000 and 2013. Primary outcomes measures included tonsillectomy rates and hospital admission rates for tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess. Secondary outcome measures included bed‐day usage in England and Wales. Linear forecasting was used to identify the potential impact of any trends.ResultsFollowing guideline introduction for tonsillectomy, a significant decline in tonsillectomy rates in England (P < 0.01) and Wales (P < 0.05) was seen. Hospital admissions for acute tonsil infections increased in England (P < 0.01) and Wales (P < 0.01). In Australia and New Zealand, tonsillectomy and admission for tonsillitis rates both increased (P < 0.01). During this time, the increased rate of admission for tonsillitis in England and Wales was significantly greater than Australasia (P < 0.01).ConclusionsFollowing the introduction of these Clinical guidelines, there was a decrease in the rate of tonsillectomy in England and Wales and a presumed associated increase in admissions with tonsillitis. This did not occur in Australasia where tonsillectomy rates rose over time. If these trends continue, it is likely that they will have a significant deleterious impact on healthcare spending in the future.
Longitudinal links between childhood peer acceptance and the neural correlates of sharing
Authors: Will Geert‐Jan , Crone Eveline A. , van Lier Pol A.C. , Güroğlu Berna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChildhood peer acceptance is associated with high levels of prosocial behavior and advanced perspective taking skills. Yet, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations have not been studied. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of sharing decisions in a group of adolescents who had a stable accepted status (n = 27) and a group who had a chronic rejected status (n = 19) across six elementary school grades. Both groups of adolescents played three allocation games in which they could share money with strangers with varying costs and profits to them and the other person. Stably accepted adolescents were more likely to share their money with unknown others than chronically rejected adolescents when sharing was not costly. Neuroimaging analyses showed that stably accepted adolescents, compared to chronically rejected adolescents, exhibited higher levels of activation in the temporo‐parietal junction, posterior superior temporal sulcus, temporal pole, pre‐supplementary motor area, and anterior insula during costly sharing decisions. These findings demonstrate that stable peer acceptance across childhood is associated with heightened activity in brain regions previously linked to perspective taking and the detection of social norm violations during adolescence, and thereby provide insight into processes underlying the widely established links between peer acceptance and prosocial behavior.
Costs and cost‐driving factors for acute treatment of adults with status epilepticus: A multicenter cohort study from Germany
Authors: Kortland Lena‐Marie , Alfter Anne , Bähr Oliver , Carl Barbara , Dodel Richard , Freiman Thomas M. , Hubert Kristina , Jahnke Kolja , Knake Susanne , von Podewils Felix , Reese Jens‐Peter , Runge Uwe , Senft Christian , Steinmetz Helmuth , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo provide first data on inpatient costs and cost‐driving factors due to nonrefractory status epilepticus (NSE), refractory status epilepticus (RSE), and super‐refractory status epilepticus (SRSE).MethodsIn 2013 and 2014, all adult patients treated due to status epilepticus (SE) at the university hospitals in Frankfurt, Greifswald, and Marburg were analyzed for healthcare utilization.ResultsWe evaluated 341 admissions in 316 patients (65.7 ± [standard deviation]18.2 years; 135 male) treated for SE. Mean costs of hospital treatment were €14,946 (median €5,278, range €776–€152,911, €787 per treatment day) per patient per admission, with a mean length of stay (LOS) of 19.0 days (median 14.0, range 1–118). Course of SE had a significant impact on mean costs, with €8,314 in NSE (n = 137, median €4,597, €687 per treatment day, 22.3% of total inpatient costs due to SE), €13,399 in RSE (n = 171, median €7,203, €638/day, 45.0% of total costs, p < 0.001), and €50,488 in SRSE (n = 33, median €46,223, €1,365/day, 32.7% of total costs, p < 0.001). Independent cost‐driving factors were SRSE, ventilation, and LOS of >14 days. Overall mortality at discharge was 14.4% and significantly higher in RSE/SRSE (20.1%) than in NSE (5.8%).SignificanceAcute treatment of SE, and particularly SRSE and ventilation, are associated with high hospital costs and prolonged LOS. Extrapolation to the whole of Germany indicates that SE causes hospital costs of >€200 million per year. Along with the demographic change, incidence of SE will increase and costs for hospital treatment and sequelae of SE will rise.
Estimating fisheries reference points from catch and resilience
Authors: Froese Rainer , Demirel Nazli , Coro Gianpaolo , Kleisner Kristin M , Winker Henning 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study presents a Monte Carlo method (CMSY) for estimating fisheries reference points from catch, resilience and qualitative stock status information on data‐limited stocks. It also presents a Bayesian state‐space implementation of the Schaefer production model (BSM), fitted to catch and biomass or catch‐per‐unit‐of‐effort (CPUE) data. Special emphasis was given to derive informative priors for productivity, unexploited stock size, catchability and biomass from population dynamics theory. Both models gave good predictions of the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase r, unexploited stock size k and maximum sustainable yield MSY when validated against simulated data with known parameter values. CMSY provided, in addition, reasonable predictions of relative biomass and exploitation rate. Both models were evaluated against 128 real stocks, where estimates of biomass were available from full stock assessments. BSM estimates of r, k and MSY were used as benchmarks for the respective CMSY estimates and were not significantly different in 76% of the stocks. A similar test against 28 data‐limited stocks, where CPUE instead of biomass was available, showed that BSM and CMSY estimates of r, k and MSY were not significantly different in 89% of the stocks. Both CMSY and BSM combine the production model with a simple stock–recruitment model, accounting for reduced recruitment at severely depleted stock sizes.
Hydrogeological Studies to Identify the Trend of Concealed Section of the North Tabriz Fault (Iran)
Authors: Rajabpour Hossein , Vaezihir Abdorreza 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe North Tabriz Fault (NTF) is the predominant regional‐scale tectonic structure in the northwest of Iran. In the east side of the city of Tabriz, a portion of the fault trend has been completely concealed by recent sediments and urbanization. In this paper, some hydrogeological methods are used to locate the concealed sector. As is clear from the pumping tests results, despite the fact that the northern observation wells were closer to the pumping wells than the southern ones, they have not been affected by pumping. Conversely, all southern wells were affected by pumping and displayed decline of the water table. In addition, obvious differences in groundwater levels combined with clear differences in groundwater quality within a short distance across the probable fault trend are sufficient reasons for the presence of the fault that behaves as a barrier to groundwater lateral flows. Significant change in the elevation of the bedrock base of the aquifer over less than 200 m suggests that the fault has near vertical dip. These results indicate that the inferred trend of the NTF closely conforms to its actual trend. Therefore, the hydrogeological studies can be complementary tools to determine the position and trend of concealed faults.
Two Cases of Hemicrania Continua–Trigeminal Neuralgia Syndrome: Expanding the Spectrum of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia‐Tic (TAC‐TIC) Syndrome
Authors: Prakash Sanjay , Rathore Chaturbhuj 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) has been described in association with various primary headache disorders. So far, no case of TN has been reported in association with hemicrania continua (HC).Case ReportHere, we report two patients of hemicrania continua associated with TN (HC‐tic syndrome). These patients had both headaches concurrently. Both patients responded to a combination of carbamazepine and indomethacin. The skipping or tapering of carbamazepine led to the recurrence of the neuralgic pain of TN. In the same way, the skipping of indomethacin resulted in the relapse of the pain, typical of HC.ConclusionWith these two cases of HC‐tic syndrome, we suggest that TN has a special predilection for all types of TACs. Various speculations suggest that such associations are more than a simple coincidence, and both diseases may be causally interrelated. The identification of this association is important as both disorders may need separate drugs.