bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic mean greenhouse gases and temperature changes with reference to the Anthropocene
Authors: Glikson Andrew 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCenozoic greenhouse gases (GHG) variations and warming periods underscore the extreme rates of current climate change, with major implications for the adaptability and survivability of terrestrial and marine habitats. Current rise rate of greenhouse gases, reaching 3.3 ppm CO2 per year during March 2015–2016, is the fastest recorded since the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Event (PETM) when carbon release to the atmosphere was about an order of magnitude less than at present. The ice core evidence of concentration of (GHG) and temperatures in the atmosphere/ocean/cryosphere system over the last 740 kyr suggests that the rate of rise in GHG over the last ~260 years, CO2 rates rising from 0.94 ppm yr−1 in 1959 (315.97 ppm) to 1.62 ppm yr−1 in 2000 (369.52 ppm) to 3.05 ppm yr−1 in 2015 (400.83 ppm), constitutes a unique spike in the history of the atmosphere. The reliance of pre‐740 kyr paleoclimate estimates on multiple proxies, including benthic and plankton fossils, fossil plants, residual organic matter, major and trace elements in fossils, sediments and soils, place limits on the resolution of pre‐upper Pleistocene paleoclimate estimates, rendering it likely recorded mean Cenozoic paleoclimate trends may conceal abrupt short‐term climate fluctuations. However, as exemplified by the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and earlier GHG and temperature spikes associated with major volcanic and asteroid impact events, the long‐term residence time of CO2 in the atmosphere extends the signatures of abrupt warming events to within detection limits of multiple paleoproxies. The mean post‐1750 temperature rise rate (approximately ~0.0034 °C per yr, or ~0.008 °C per yr where temperature is not masked by sulfur aerosols) exceeds those of the PETM (approximately ~0.0008–0.0015 °C per yr) by an order of magnitude and mean glacial termination warming rates (last glacial termination [LGT] ~ 0.00039; Eemian ~0.0004 °C per yr) by near to an order of magnitude. Consistent with previous interglacial peaks an increasing likelihood of collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation is threatening a severe stadial event.
Cascading effects of mass mortality events in Arctic marine communities
Authors: Langangen Øystein , Ohlberger Jan , Stige Leif C. , Durant Joël M. , Ravagnan Elisa , Stenseth Nils C. , Hjermann Dag Ø. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMass mortality events caused by pulse anthropogenic or environmental perturbations (e.g., extreme weather, toxic spills or epizootics) severely reduce the abundance of a population in a short time. The frequency and impact of these events are likely to increase across the globe. Studies on how such events may affect ecological communities of interacting species are scarce. By combining a multispecies Gompertz model with a Bayesian state‐space framework, we quantify community‐level effects of a mass mortality event in a single species. We present a case study on a community of fish and zooplankton in the Barents Sea to illustrate how a mass mortality event of different intensities affecting the lower trophic level (krill) may propagate to higher trophic levels (capelin and cod). This approach is especially valuable for assessing community‐level effects of potential anthropogenic‐driven mass mortality events, owing to the ability to account for uncertainty in the assessed impact due to uncertainty about the ecological dynamics. We hence quantify how the assessed impact of a mass mortality event depends on the degree of precaution considered. We suggest that this approach can be useful for assessing the possible detrimental outcomes of toxic spills, for example oil spills, in relatively simple communities such as often found in the Arctic, a region under increasing influence of human activities due to increased land and sea use.
Rising incidence of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in South Australia: 1996–2010
Authors: Chinnaratha M. A. , Graham C. , Fraser R. J. L. , Woodman R. J. , Wigg A. J. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is likely to be an important driver of increasing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence in Australia. However, there is paucity of Australian data on HBV‐related HCC incidence or outcomes.AimsTo determine the incidence rates and survival trends of HBV‐related HCC in South Australia (SA) over 15 years.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was performed in HBV patients notified to the SA Communicable Disease Control Branch between 1996 and 2010. The dataset was probabilistically linked with the SA Cancer Registry and death registry. Incidence rate trends and survival were determined for three 5‐year time periods (1996–2000, 2001–2006 and 2006–2010).ResultsForty‐seven of 3881 notifications with HBV were linked to a HCC record (median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis: 58.9 (13.4) years, 83% males, 8.5% born in Australia, 62% diagnosed between 51–69 years). The overall crude HCC incidence was 111.3/100 000 person‐years with an age‐standardised HCC incidence of 189.1/100 000 person‐years, the rate for men was higher than for women: 241.7 versus 88.6/100 000 person‐years. The age‐standardised HCC incidence increased over time with an annual percentage increase of 20.8% (95% CI: 10.06–32.54, P = 0.001). Median survival following HCC diagnosis was 12.5 months (95% CI: 3.6–21.4), with a trend towards longer survival during the 2006–2010 time period (21.8 months) compared to the previous two time periods (9.2 and 10.2 months, P = 0.056).ConclusionBoth crude and age‐standardised incidences of HBV‐related HCC increased between 1996 and 2010 in SA. There was a trend to longer survival in the latter time‐period.
Vocabulary development at home: a multimedia elaborated picture supporting parent–toddler interaction
Authors: Gremmen M.C. , Molenaar I. , Teepe R.C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSome children enter elementary school with large vocabulary delays, which negatively influence their later school performance. A rich home language environment can support vocabulary development through frequent high‐quality parent–toddler interaction. Elaborated picture home activities can support this rich home language environment. This study compares the effects of a multimedia versus a paper elaborated picture on the parent–toddler interaction and toddlers' vocabulary development. In a within‐subjects design, 20 toddlers (age 3–4) discussed a multimedia and a paper elaborated picture with a parent. Results showed that toddlers knew significantly more words (receptively and expressively) after both activities. Moreover, the improvement in receptive vocabulary knowledge was significantly larger with the multimedia elaborated picture compared with the paper‐based picture. In addition, both parent and toddler engaged in a significant higher level of decontextualized language in response to multimedia. The present study shows that multimedia elaborated pictures can support parents at home to engage in a parent–toddler interaction that is richer and supports the development of receptive vocabulary more compared with traditional paper‐based activities. In the future, multimedia‐based home activities for toddlers' vocabulary development, supporting parent–child interaction, can be offered relatively cheap and easily via internet.
Serum of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Hip and Upper Limb Fractures
Authors: Lv Jiang‐Tao , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Tian Shao‐Qi , Sun Kang 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the serum of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels in postmenopausal women from northern China with hip and upper limb fractures.DesignCase–control.SettingAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.ParticipantsPostmenopausal women diagnosed with hip fracture (n = 335) and matched controls without fracture (n = 335).MeasurementsBetween 2011 and 2013, fasting venous samples were analyzed for 25(OH)D, iPTH, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, and phosphorus. All women completed a standardized questionnaire designed to document putative risk factors for fractures.ResultsEight percent of participants had vitamin D deficiency, and 66.0% had secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly (P < .001) lower in women with hip fracture than in controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for common risk factors showed that serum 25(OH)D of 20 ng/mL or less was an independent indicator of hip fracture (odds ratio (OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.11–4.20) and concomitant upper limb fracture in those with existing hip fractures (OR = 4.77, 95% CI = 1.60–10.12). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 25(OH)D was 0.77 (95% CI = 0.68–0.84) for hip fracture and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.72–0.89) for hip and upper limb fractures.ConclusionVitamin D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism were a common problem in postmenopausal women who presented with concomitant hip and upper limb fractures, suggesting that they might contribute to the pathophysiology of fractures in postmenopausal women.
Herpesvirus Infections and Risk of Frailty and Mortality in Older Women: Women's Health and Aging Studies
Authors: Wang George C. , Han Christina , Detrick Barbara , Casolaro Vincenzo , Levine David M. , Fried Linda P. , Walston Jeremy D. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between herpesvirus infections and mortality and incident frailty risks in community‐dwelling older women.DesignNested prospective cohort study.SettingWomen's Health and Aging Studies I and II.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older women aged 70 to 79 (n = 633).MeasurementsBaseline serum antibody (immunoglobulin G) levels against four herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV‐1) and 2 (HSV‐2), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), 7 Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)), 3‐year incident frailty rates, and 5‐year mortality.ResultsWomen seropositive for HSV‐1 and HSV‐2, but not VZV and EBV, had higher risk of 3‐year incident frailty (HSV‐1: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96–3.74; HSV‐2: HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.05–4.37) and 5‐year mortality (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 0.93–3.20; HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 0.94–3.44, respectively) than seronegative women. Incremental increases in serum HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 antibody levels were associated with incrementally higher risks of incident frailty and mortality. After adjustment for potential confounders, only higher serum HSV‐2 antibody level was independently predictive of higher risk of mortality in older women (for each unit increase in antibody index, HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.05–2.07).ConclusionHSV‐1 and HSV‐2 antibody levels are not independently associated with risk of incident frailty in older women. Only HSV‐2 antibody level is independently predictive of 5‐year mortality risk, with each incremental increase in the antibody level adding further risk.
Effect of Ownership on Hospice Service Use: 2005–2011
Authors: Stevenson David G. , Grabowski David C. , Keating Nancy L. , Huskamp Haiden A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo assess differences in populations and service use according to hospice ownership, chain status, and agency size.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsMedicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older enrolled in hospice during 2005 to 2011 N = 5,405,526).MeasurementsHospice use according to ownership category (for‐profit nonchain and chain, not‐for‐profit nonchain and chain, government) and agency size (0–50, 51–200, 201–400, ≥401 individuals discharged each year). Mean length of use, stays of 3 days or fewer, stays ending with live discharge, and decedents receiving no general inpatient care (GIP)‐ or continuous home care (CHC)‐level hospice in the last 7 days of life.ResultsAfter adjusting for individual and geographic differences, for‐profit nonchain and chain agencies had longer mean length of use (84.5 and 91.2 days, respectively) than other agency types (66.3–72.5 days), higher rates of live discharge (21.0% and 20.2% vs 14.6–15.9%), and lower proportions of stays of 3 days or fewer (13.9% and 14.7% vs 16.6–17.5%) (all P < .001). The proportion of decedents not receiving GIP‐ or CHC‐level care before death was highest in for‐profit chains (75.9%) and lowest in not‐for‐profit nonchains (63.2%). Smaller agencies had longer mean length of use, higher live discharge rates, lower rates of stays of 3 days or fewer, and higher rates of individuals receiving no GIP‐ or CHC‐level care. There were considerable differences in patient traits and unadjusted service use between the nation's largest chains.ConclusionIn addition to for‐profit and not‐for‐profit hospice agencies differing according to important dimensions, there is substantial heterogeneity within these ownership categories, highlighting the need to consider factors such as agency size and chain affiliation in understanding variations in Medicare beneficiaries’ hospice care.
Predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea‐hypopnea severity and oral appliance therapy efficacy by using lateral cephalometric analysis
Authors: Sakamoto Y. , Yanamoto S. , Rokutanda S. , Naruse T. , Imayama N. , Hashimoto M. , Nakamura A. , Yoshida N. , Tanoue N. , Ayuse T. , Yoshimine H. , Umeda M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObstructive sleep apnoea‐hypopnea (OSAH) is a common disorder characterised by repetitive complete or partial closure of the upper airway during sleep, which results in sleep fragmentation and oxygen desaturation. There is growing interest in the use of oral appliances (OAs) to treat OSAH. The purpose of this study was to clarify the cephalometric factors that are associated with OSAH severity and that predict the outcome of OA therapy. Two hundred nine patients with OSAH were recruited and analysed retrospectively. They had a polysomnographically documented apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of more than five respiratory events per hour. Lateral skull radiographs were used for cephalometric analysis. Only 67 of the 209 recruited patients underwent a second polysomnography (PSG) to evaluate the efficacy of OA therapy. In all recruited patients, the angle formed by the subspinal point (A) to the nasion (N) to the supramental point (B) (i.e. ANB angle) and the distance between the mandibular plane and hyoid bone (MP‐H) were predictive factors of OSAH severity. In only 67 patients underwent PSG with an OA, the mean rate of decrease in the AHI was 47·8 ± 29·1%. OA therapy effectively treated OSAH in some patients with a very severe form of OSAH. However, patients who had a high position of the hyoid bone had a poor response to OA therapy. This study suggested that cephalometric analysis is useful for predicting OSAH severity and OA therapy efficacy.
The prevalence of celiac disease in patients with geographic tongue
Authors: Cigic Livia , Galic Tea , Kero Darko , Simunic Miroslav , Medvedec Mikic Ivana , Kalibovic Govorko Danijela , Biocina Lukenda Dolores 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundGeographic tongue (GT) is a benign inflammatory condition usually involving the dorsal surface and lateral borders of the tongue. Numerous etiological factors of GT have been suggested, including immunological factors; genetic; atopic or allergic predisposition; emotional stress; and hormonal disturbances. GT may also coexist as one of the possible manifestations of celiac disease (CD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CD, positive serologic tests for CD screening, and HLA‐DQ presence in patients with GT.MethodsTissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti‐tTG), antibodies against gliadin (AGA), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing were assessed for 60 GT patients and 60 healthy control subjects. The duodenal biopsy was performed in patients with positive serologic tests.ResultsWe found that 9 (15%) GT patients were positive for IgA tTG, and in those patients histological changes consistent with CD were confirmed by duodenal biopsy. Only two of them reported the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. There were statistically significant differences between the GT patients and control group for immunoglobulin (Ig) A tTG (P = 0.03), IgG tTG (P = 0.04), IgA AGA (P = 0.04), and IgG AGA (P = 0.02).ConclusionThe results of our study demonstrated the increased prevalence of CD in patients with GT. Therefore, the clinical oral examination should be considered a diagnostic tool, especially in atypical or silent forms of CD, since it may contribute to provide an early diagnosis.
Religious Evil: The Basic Issues
Authors: Kodaj Daniel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReligious evil is evil apparently caused or justified by religious beliefs or institutions. Religious evil is a significant issue both in applied ethics and in the philosophy of religion; in the latter area, it grounds a distinctive atheistic argument from evil. The two aspects of religious evil are interrelated in the sense that one's solution to the atheistic argument from religious evil predisposes one to specific approaches to the ethical problem of religious evil. The paper surveys the relevant literature and potential theistic defenses.
Analytic validation of commercially available immunoassays for the measurement of serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in pigs
Authors: Grützner Niels , Knabe Darrel , Lawhorn Bruce D. , Dominguez Brandon , Kauffold Johannes , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate (vitamin B9) are important for the amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis. Immunoassays for the measurement of both vitamins in serum are routinely used in people, cats, and dogs, serving as indicators for clinical disorders including cobalamin and/or folate deficiency, small intestinal dysbiosis, or inadequate dietary supply of these vitamins. The analysis of these analytes may also be clinically useful in pigs.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analytically validate immunoassays for the measurement of cobalamin and folate concentrations in porcine serum, and to determine serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in healthy newborn pigs pre‐ and postweaning.MethodsAssay validation for both vitamins included the determination of linearity, accuracy, and intra‐ and inter‐assay variability using serum samples from 10 pigs. Also, serum cobalamin and folate concentrations were compared in piglets between pre‐ and postweaning.ResultsFor both vitamins, observed‐to‐expected ratios for linearity and accuracy were 93.2 ± 14.3% and 100.3 ± 8.1% (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation for serum were ≤ 8.7% and ≤12.5%, respectively. Significantly higher serum cobalamin and lower folate concentrations were observed in piglets at the time of weaning than at postweaning (P < .0061; P < .0001, respectively).ConclusionsBoth immunoassays are linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible for measurement of porcine serum cobalamin and folate concentrations. Piglets differing in age by only 12 days had significantly different serum cobalamin and folate concentrations. The implications of differing serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in pigs at different stages of life should be further investigated.
Complete Genome Sequences of Broad-Host-Range Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophages ΦR18 and ΦS12-1
Authors: Furusawa Takaaki , Iwano Hidetomo , Higuchi Hidetoshi , Usui Masaru , Maruyama Fumito , Nakagawa Ichiro , Yokota Hiroshi , Tamura Yutaka 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an important cause of racehorse keratitis. Bacteriophage therapy has the potential to aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by
P. aeruginosa
. We present here the complete genome sequences of two phages, ΦR18 and ΦS12-1, which exhibit infectivity for a broad range of
P. aeruginosa
isolates.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Human WU Polyomavirus Isolate Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection
Authors: Dinwiddie Darrell L. , Dehority Walter N. , Schwalm Kurt C. , Young Jesse M. , Gross Stephen M. , Schroth Gary P. , Young Stephen A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of a WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) isolate, NM040708, collected from a patient with an acute respiratory infection in New Mexico. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of NM040708 is 5,229 bp in length and differs from the WUPyV reference with accession no. NC_009539 by 6 nucleotides and 2 amino acids.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium paradoxum Strain JW-YL-7
Authors: Lancaster W. Andrew , Utturkar Sagar M. , Poole Farris L. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Elias Dwayne A. , Adams Michael W. W. , Brown Steven D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Clostridium paradoxum
strain JW-YL-7 is a moderately thermophilic anaerobic alkaliphile isolated from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Athens, GA. We report the near-complete genome sequence of
C. paradoxum
strain JW-YL-7 obtained by using PacBio DNA sequencing and Pilon for sequence assembly refinement with Illumina data.
Draft Genome Sequence of the First Pathogenic
Leptospira
Isolates from Ecuador
Authors: Barragan Veronica , Sahl Jason W. , Wiggins Kristin , Chiriboga Jorge , Salinas Ana , Cantos Nancy E. , Loor Mariana N. , Intriago Bertha I. , Morales Melba , Trueba Gabriel , Pearson Talima 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Pathogenic
Leptospira
spp. cause leptospirosis upon contact with mucosa through wounds or ingestion, leading to headaches, fever, jaundice, kidney or liver failure, or death in about 1.3 million people each year. Here, we present the draft genomes of one
L. santarosai
isolate and two
L. interrogans
isolates from Ecuador
.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a risk factor for dialysis and all-cause mortality: a cohort study of chronic kidney disease patients in Taiwan
Authors: Liang Chih-Chia , Chou Che-Yi , Chang Chiz-Tzung , Wang I-Kuan , Huang Chiu-Ching 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveImpaired renal function is associated with higher risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with chronic kidney disease and not on dialysis (CKD-ND). It is unclear if UGIB increases risk of chronic dialysis. The aim of the study was to investigate risk of chronic dialysis in CKD-ND patients with UGIB.SettingAll CKD-ND stage 3–5 patients of a CKD programme in one hospital between 2003 and 2009 were enrolled and prospectively followed until September 2012.Primary and secondary outcome measuresChronic dialysis (dialysis for more than 3 months) started and all-cause mortality. The risk of chronic dialysis was analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustments for age, gender and renal function, followed by competing-risks analysis.ResultsWe analysed 3126 CKD-ND patients with a mean age of 65±14 years for 2.8 years. Of 3126 patients, 387 (12.4%) patients developed UGIB, 989 (31.6%) patients started chronic dialysis and 197 (6.3%) patients died. UGIB increased all-cause mortality (adjusted HR (aHR): 1.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.13) and the risk of chronic dialysis (aHR; 1.29, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.50). The subdistribution HR (SHR) of UGIB for chronic dialysis (competing event: all-cause mortality) was 1.37 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.64) in competing-risks analysis with adjustments for age, renal function, gender, diabetes, haemoglobin, albumin and urine protein/creatinine ratio.ConclusionsUGIB is associated with increased risk of chronic dialysis and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD-ND stages 3–5. This association is independent of age, gender, basal renal function, haemoglobin, albumin and urine protein levels.