bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substituting space for time: Empirical evaluation of spatial replication as a surrogate for temporal replication in occupancy modelling
Authors: Srivathsa Arjun , Puri Mahi , Kumar Narayanarao Samba , Jathanna Devcharan , Karanth Kota Ullas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOccupancy models that account for detection probability are important analytical tools in conservation monitoring. Traditionally, occupancy models relied on detection/non‐detection data generated from temporal replicates for estimating detectability. Due to logistical challenges and financial costs involved, many large‐scale field studies instead use spatial replication as a surrogate. The efficacy of the two approaches and their statistical validity has generally sought support from simulation‐based inferences rather than empirical data.Using the sloth bearMelursus ursinusas an example, we compared estimates of occupancy and detection probabilities obtained from temporal and spatial sampling designs. We carried out temporally replicated camera trap surveys and spatially replicated sign surveys across a 754‐km2area around Bhadra Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats of India.We sampled along forest/coffee plantation roads in 58 grid cells of 13 km2each, treating these cells as independent sites. We used the standard single‐season model for the camera trap survey data, and the single‐season correlated detections model (with Markovian dependence) for the sign survey data, and incorporated ecological covariates that likely influenced occupancy and detection probabilities.Occupancy estimates from the two surveys and corresponding modelling approaches were similar [ = 0.58 (0.03) for camera trap surveys; = 0.56 (0.03) for sign surveys]. In both cases, the influence of covariates corroborated oura prioripredictions. Site‐level estimates of occupancy from the two methods were highly correlated (r = .78). We generated a combined estimate of sloth bear occupancy in the region as an inverse‐variance weighted average of the two estimates [ = 0.57 (0.02)].Synthesis and applications. Studies that aim to evaluate occupancy models should account for spatial variation in occupancy/detection probabilities, particularly when making inferences on species–habitat relationships. We show that spatial replication can serve as a good surrogate for temporal replication in occupancy studies, which may be useful for distribution assessments of species when field resources are limited or logistical challenges preclude traditional survey approaches that yield temporally replicated data. Our results therefore provide a basis for efficient targeting of funds and field resources, particularly for practitioners involved in monitoring species at large landscape scales.
Postmaterialism and young people's political participation in a time of austerity
Authors: Henn Matt , Oldfield Ben , Hart James 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent trends suggest that young people in Britain are refraining from engaging in formal political processes. At the same time, they are increasingly expressing support for, and turning toward, a new and diverse range of non‐institutionalized forms of political action in order to actualize their interests. Using Inglehart's ideas on postmaterialism, we consider whether this apparent rejection of mainstream politics in favour of less conventional – and sometimes radical – forms of political action is changing over time in Britain, reflecting fluctuating economic conditions witnessed over the last two decades. We do this by comparing results from surveys of British 18 year olds conducted in 2002 during an era of relative global prosperity, and then in 2011 at the height of the current global crisis. The findings suggest that British young postmaterialists are considerably more likely than materialists to participate in and support both institutionalized and non‐institutionalized forms of political action.
Seasonality and Readmission after Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, and Pneumonia
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Secemsky Eric A. , Wasfy Jason H. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether hospital readmission after admission for heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), and pneumonia varies by season.Data SourcesAll patients in 2005–2009 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for New York and California hospitalized for HF, MI, or pneumonia.Study DesignThe relationship between discharge season and unplanned readmission within 30 days was evaluated using multivariate modified Poisson regression.Principal FindingsCohorts included 869,512 patients with HF, 448,945 patients with MI, and 813,593 patients with pneumonia. While admissions varied widely by season, readmission rates only ranged from 25.0 percent (spring) to 25.6 percent (winter) for HF (p > .05), 18.9 percent (summer) to 20.0 percent (winter) for MI (p < .001), and 19.4 percent (spring) to 20.3 percent (summer) for pneumonia (p < .001). In adjusted models, in New York, there was lower readmission in spring and fall (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99 for both) after admission for HF and higher readmission in spring (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07) after MI. In California, there was lower readmission in spring and winter (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.96 and RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98, respectively) after pneumonia.ConclusionsGiven marked seasonality in incidence and mortality of HF, MI, and pneumonia, the modest seasonality in readmissions suggests that readmissions may be more related to non–seasonally dependent factors than to the seasonal nature of these diseases.
Trends in the Types of Usual Sources of Care: A Shift from People to Places or Nothing at All
Authors: Liaw Winston , Jetty Anuradha , Petterson Stephen , Bazemore Andrew , Green Larry 
Published: August 2017

Objective(1) To examine usual source of care (USC) trends across four categories (No USC, Person USC, Person, in Facility USC, and Facility USC), and (2) to determine whether USC types are associated with emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions.Data Source1996–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys.Study DesignWe stratified each USC category, by age, region, gender, poverty, insurance, race/ethnicity, and education and used regression to determine the characteristics associated with USC types, ED visits, and hospital admissions.Principal FindingsThose with No USC and Facility USCs increased 10 and 18 percent, respectively, while those with Person USCs decreased by 43 percent. Compared to those in the lowest income bracket, those in the highest income bracket were less likely to have a Facility USC. Among those with low incomes, individuals with No USC, Person, in Facility, and Facility USCs were more likely to have ED visits than those with Person USCs.ConclusionsA growing number are reporting facilities as their USCs or none at all. The impact of these trends is uncertain, although we found that some USC types are associated with ED visits and hospital admissions. Tracking USCs will be crucial to measuring progress toward enhanced care efficiency.
Dietary intake and physical activity levels of children attending Australian childcare services
Authors: Jones Jannah , Wyse Rebecca , Wiggers John , Yoong Sze L. , Finch Meghan , Lecathelinais Christophe , Fielding Alison , Clinton‐McHarg Tara , Hollis Jenna , Seward Kirsty , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: August 2017

AimThe primary aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake and physical activity levels of children while attending childcare.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 18 centre‐based childcare services in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Childcare service characteristics were assessed via telephone interview. Child dietary intake and physical activity levels were assessed during a one‐day observation conducted at participating childcare services using previously validated tools.ResultsChildren consumed a mean of 0.2 serves of vegetables, 0.7 serves of fruit, 1.4 serves of grain (cereal) foods, 0.1 serves of lean meat and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds and legumes/beans, 0.6 serves of milk, yoghurt, cheese and alternatives, and 0.7 serves of discretionary foods during attendance at childcare. Of all child physical activity counts, 48.6% were classified as ‘sedentary’, and 22.3% classified as ‘very active’. Bivariate analyses indicated that children attending services located in rural areas consumed significantly more serves of vegetables (0.3 serves (SD 0.7) vs 0.1 serves (SD 0.2), P = 0.05). Multivariate analyses indicated that services with large child enrolments had a significantly greater proportion of child counts classified as ‘very active’ (23.6% of child counts (95% CI 1.6, 29.5) vs 14.9% of child counts (95% CI 9.1, 20.6), P = 0.007).ConclusionsThere is considerable scope to improve the diet and activity behaviours of children during attendance at childcare. Future research is needed to identify effective strategies to best support childcare services in implementing policies and practices to improve such behaviours in children.
Mineralogy, Chemical Characteristics and Upgrading of Beach Ilmenite of the Top Meter of Black Sand Deposits of the Kafr Al‐Sheikh Governorate, Northern Egypt
Authors: ABDEL‐KARIM Abdel‐Aal M. , MOUSTAFA Mohamed I. , El‐AFANDY Adel H. , BARAKAT Mohamed G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEgyptian beach ilmenite occurs in a relatively high content in the naturally highly concentrated superficial black sand deposits at specific beach zones in the northern parts of the Nile Delta at Rosetta. Microscopic study shows that the ilmenite occurs as fresh homogeneous black or heterogeneous multicoloured altered grains and exhibits three types (homogeneous, exsolved and altered) of ilmenite varieties. XRD data of ilmenite indicates their association with minor hematite and quartz, whereas leucoxene shows its association with Nb‐rutile, pseudorutile and hematite. Grain size distribution suggests a very fine sand size of >89% and 80% and a fine sand size of 10.5% and 18.3% for fresh and altered ilmenites, respectively. The density of fresh, altered ilmenite and leucoxene concentrates varies from 2.70, 2.50 to 2.40 ton/m3, suggesting a gradual decrease from high grade fresh to leucoxene and consistent with variation in magnetic susceptibility as a consequence of the leaching of iron. Mass magnetic susceptibility reveals 97.6% of ilmenite and 92% of the altered form are obtained at 0.20 and 0.48 ampere. Fresh ilmenite exhibits variable TiO2 (47.18%) and Fe2O3T (46.10%) with minor MnO, MgO and Cr2O3 (1.22, 1.10 and 0.51%). The altered ilmenite is higher in TiO2 (76.16%) and SiO2 (4.68%) and lower in Fe2O3T (14.45%), MnO, MgO and Cr2O3 (0.39, 0.52 and 0.11%) compared with the fresh form. Three concentrates of ilmenites (G1, G2 and G3) were prepared from crude ore using a Reading cross belt magnetic separator under different conditions, revealing a gradual increase of TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO accompanied by a decrease of Fe2O3T, MgO and Cr2O3 with repetition of the separation processes. Several ore dressing techniques were carried out to upgrade the ilmenite concentrate.
Digitized Outcrop Geomodeling of Ramp Shoals and its Reservoirs: as an Example of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Eastern Sichuan Basin
Authors: QIAO Zhanfeng , SHEN Anjiang , ZHENG Jianfeng , JANSON Xavier , CHANG Shaoying , WANG Xiaofang , CHEN Yana , LIAO Yisha 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNumerous hydrocarbon accumulations are found in ramp crest shoals worldwide and therefore this depositional setting has a high potential of being the hydrocarbon reservoir. In this paper, we combined digital outcrop geology and traditional geological mapping to build an outcrop‐based geocellular model of the ramp‐crest shoal complex of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Eastern Sichuan Basin. The outcrop model serves as an analogue for the subsurface reservoir of the Feixianguan Formation and illustrates the complexity of the lithofacies types, stratigraphic architecture, and reservoir heterogeneities at a scale below conventional subsurface data resolution. The studied ramp‐crest shoal complex consists of thirteen types of lithofacies that can be grouped into three facies‐groups corresponding to subtidal intraclastic shoal, sub‐ to inter‐tidal oolitic shoal, and tidal flat depositional environments respectively. The stratigraphic architecture of the shoal complex shows mostly a strong progradation of the high energy facies associated with an overall decrease of accommodation space associated with relative sea level still stand. Two reservoir facies associations have been recognized. The first one consists of supratidal dolomudstone and upper intertidal partially dolomitized oolitic packstone with anhydrite or nodules. These facies were deposited above the high energy oolitic grainstones and occurs as thin‐bedded and laterally continuous layers, characterized by high porosity and low permeability. The second reservoir facies association is composed of intertidal crystalline dolomite and subtidal intraclastic bindstone that occurs stratigraphically below the oolitic grainstones. These deposits consist of massive laterally discontinuously beds, and are characterized by high porosity and high permeability. Both types of reservoir facies tend to be stacked vertically and migrated laterally with the progradation of the shoal complex. The construction of the outcrop‐based 3D geological model provide a description and quantification of the facies distribution within a robust stratigraphic framework and the style and amount of reservoir heterogeneities associated with a ramp‐crest shoal complex reservoir such as the one found in Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation and Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin or other ramp‐crest reservoir worldwide.
Association between serum vitamin D levels and neuropathic pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yesil Hilal , Sungur Ulas , Akdeniz Sedef , Gurer Gulcan , Yalcın Basak , Dundar Umit 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimRecent literature suggests that neuropathic pain (NP) and vitamin D deficiency can occur concurrently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to examine the development of NP in patients with RA and the relationship between NP and vitamin D.MethodsWe used the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) questionnaire to evaluate NP in 93 patients with RA. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patient files and interviews, and patients' serum vitamin D levels were recorded. Patients were requested to complete both the Short Form‐36 survey and the Health Assessment Questionnaire.ResultsSeventy‐five of the eligible patients were female (80.6%), and 31 (33.3%) were diagnosed with NP according to the LANSS. There was a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and the LANSS score (P = 0.001). The prevalence of NP was 5.8 times higher among patients with serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL than in patients with vitamin D levels ≥ 30 ng/mL. Based on the area under curve (AUC) values, we found that serum levels of vitamin D were a good predictor of NP diagnoses in patients with RA (AUC = 0.71).ConclusionWe found that vitamin D deficiency was asssociated with increased NP in patients with RA. Although further research is needed to clarify the association between serum vitamin D levels and NP, our study raises awareness of the need to screen for vitamin D deficiency in RA patients with NP.
How Financial Resources Affect the Autonomy of International Public Administrations
Authors: Ege Jörn , Bauer Michael W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVoluntary contributions – often earmarked for specific purposes – have become an indispensable source of revenue for international organizations (IOs) and the UN organizations in particular. While the reasons for this trend are regularly studied, its effects on the internal functioning of the organization (especially on the ‘international public administration’ (IPA) as the organization's secretariat) remain unclear. Given this gap, we study the consequences of increasing financial dependence for the autonomy of IPA staff. Using financial and personnel data of 15 UN agencies over time, our results are in line with the intuitive expectation that more financial resources in the form of voluntary contributions increase the number of staff. We also find evidence, however, that the more an organization depends on voluntary resources (within its broader financial portfolio), the more it reduces the ratio of permanent staff among its total workforce in the subsequent years. The underlying adaption of IPAs’ recruitment and career structures to growing financial insecurities has important implications for the autonomy of international bureaucrats and needs to be considered also in terms of its long‐term impact on administrative professionalism and organizational performance.
Effects of FSTL1 on the proliferation and motility of breast cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Yang Yang , Mu Tianhao , Li Te , Xie Songbo , Zhou Jun , Liu Min , Li Dengwen 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTreatments that prevent the motility of breast cancer cells and inhibit formation of new capillary vessels are urgently needed. FSTL1 is a secreted protein that has been implicated in maintaining the normal physiological function of the cardiovascular system, in addition to a variety of other biological functions. We investigated the role of FSTL1 in the proliferation and migration of breast cancer and vascular endothelial cells.MethodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells and human breast cancer BT‐549 cells were used to test the effects of FSTL1 and the N‐terminal domain of FSTL1. Immunofluorescence microscopy and 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, transwell invasion, and wound healing assays were conducted.ResultsDifferent doses of the N‐terminal fragment of FSTL1 (FSTL‐N) have variable effects on the migration of these cells. However, FSTL1 does not significantly affect tube formation in vitro from vascular endothelial cells. FSTL1‐FL and FSTL1‐N have modest effects on the invasion of breast cancer and vascular endothelial cells. Interestingly, FSTL1‐FL, but not FSTL‐N, modulates vascular endothelial cell polarization.ConclusionFSTL1 modestly affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Our findings improve our understanding of the functions of FSTL1 in breast cancer development and angiogenesis.
Reduced Levels of mGlu2 Receptors within the Prelimbic Cortex Are Not Associated with Elevated Glutamate Transmission or High Alcohol Drinking
Authors: Ding Zheng‐Ming , Ingraham Cynthia M. , Hauser Sheketha R. , Lasek Amy W. , Bell Richard L. , McBride William J. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundA Grm2 cys407* stop codon mutation, which results in a loss of the metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptor protein, was identified as being associated with high alcohol drinking by alcohol‐preferring (P) rats. The objectives of the current study were to characterize the effects of reduced levels of mGlu2 receptors on glutamate transmission and alcohol drinking.MethodsQuantitative no‐net‐flux microdialysis was used to test the hypothesis that basal extracellular glutamate levels in the prelimbic (PL) cortex and nucleus accumbens shell (NACsh) will be higher in P than Wistar rats. A lentiviral‐delivered short‐hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated knockdown was used to test the hypothesis that reduced levels of mGlu2 receptors within the PL cortex will increase voluntary alcohol drinking by Wistar rats. A linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis that there will be a significant correlation between the Grm2 cys407* mutation and level of alcohol intake.ResultsExtracellular glutamate concentrations within the PL cortex (3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 6.4 ± 0.6 μM) and NACsh (3.2 ± 0.4 vs. 6.6 ± 0.6 μM) were significantly lower in female P than female Wistar rats. Western blot detected the presence of mGlu2 receptors in these regions of female Wistar rats, but not female P rats. Micro‐infusion of shRNAs into the PL cortex significantly reduced local mGlu2 receptor levels (by 40%), but did not alter voluntary alcohol drinking in male Wistar rats. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the Grm2 mutation and alcohol intake in 36 rodent lines (r = 0.29, p > 0.05).ConclusionsCollectively, these results suggest a lack of association between the loss of mGlu2 receptors and glutamate transmission in the NACsh and PL cortex of female P rats, and between the level of mGlu2 receptors in the PL cortex and alcohol drinking of male Wistar rats.
Incidence of early anxiety aggravation in trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression
Authors: Näslund J. , Hieronymus F. , Emilsson J. F. , Lisinski A. , Nilsson S. , Eriksson E. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may aggravate anxiety and agitation during the first days of treatment but the frequency of such reactions remains unknown.MethodWe analysed patient‐level data from placebo‐controlled trials of sertraline, paroxetine or citalopram in depressed adults. Somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety and psychomotor agitation as assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were analysed in all trials (n = 8262); anxiety‐related adverse events were analysed in trials investigating paroxetine and citalopram (n = 5712).ResultsAfter one but not two weeks, patients on an SSRI were more likely than those on placebo to report enhanced somatic anxiety (adjusted risk 9.3% vs. 6.7%); likewise, mean rating of somatic anxiety was higher in the SSRI group. In contrast, patients receiving an SSRI were less likely to report aggravation of psychic anxiety (adjusted risk: 7.0% vs. 8.5%) with mean rating of psychic anxiety and agitation being lower in the SSRI group. The adverse event ‘nervousness’ was more common in patients given an SSRI (5.5% vs. 2.5%). Neither aggravation of HDRS‐rated anxiety nor anxiety‐related adverse events predicted poor antidepressant response.ConclusionWhereas an anxiety‐reducing effect of SSRIs is notable already during the first week of treatment, these drugs may also elicit an early increase in anxiety in susceptible subjects that however does not predict a poor subsequent response to treatment.