bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility assessment of nanomaterials for environmental safety screening
Authors: Lee Yi‐Hui , Chuang Show‐Mei , Huang Sheng‐Chi , Tan Xiaotong , Liang Ruei‐Yue , Yang Gordon C. C. , Chueh Pin Ju 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn view of the extensive use of nanoparticles in countless applications, a fast and effective method for assessing their potential adverse effects on the environment and human health is extremely important. At present, in vitro cell‐based assays are the standard approach for screening chemicals for cytotoxicity because of their relative simplicity, sensitivity, and cost‐effectiveness compared with animal studies. Regrettably, such cell‐based viability assays encounter limitations when applied to determining the biological toxicity of nanomaterials, which often interact with assay components and produce unreliable outcomes. We have established a cell‐impedance‐based, label‐free, real‐time cell‐monitoring platform suitable for use in a variety of mammalian cell lines that displays results as cell index values. In addition to this real‐time screening platform, other traditional cytotoxicity assays were employed to validate cytotoxicity assessments. We suggest that the cell impedance measurement approach is effective and better suited to determining the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials for environmental safety screening. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1170–1182, 2017.
Prevalence of asymptomatic heart failure in formerly pre‐eclamptic women: a cohort study
Authors: Breetveld N. M. , Ghossein‐Doha C. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , van Dijk A. P. , van der Vlugt M. J. , Heidema W. M. , van Neer J. , van Empel V. , Brunner‐La Rocca H.‐P. , Scholten R. R. , Spaanderman M. E. A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesAfter pre‐eclampsia (PE), the prevalence of structural heart disease without symptoms, i.e. heart failure Stage B (HF‐B), may be as high as one in four women in the first year postpartum. We hypothesize that a significant number of formerly pre‐eclamptic women with HF‐B postpartum are still in their resolving period and will not have HF‐B during follow‐up.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we included 69 formerly pre‐eclamptic women who underwent serial echocardiographic measurements at 1 and 4 years postpartum. HF‐B was diagnosed as left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index (LVMi) > 95 g/m2), concentric remodeling (relative wall thickness > 0.42 and LVMi ≤ 95 g/m2), mild systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction > 40% and < 55%) or asymptomatic valvular disease. Women were subdivided and analyzed according to HF‐B outcome: no HF‐B at either visit; HF‐B at first visit only; HF‐B at second visit only; HF‐B at both visits.ResultsThe prevalence of HF‐B in formerly pre‐eclamptic women was 23% in the first year postpartum and 23% after 4 years. At the second visit, HF‐B had resolved in 62.5% of affected women but was newly developed in 19% of initially unaffected women. At the first visit, 56% of women diagnosed with HF‐B had reduced systolic function whereas at the second visit 69% of women with HF‐B had concentric remodeling with mostly normal ejection fraction, consistent with diastolic dysfunction.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HF‐B can be considered consistently high (1 in 4) amongst formerly pre‐eclamptic women at follow‐up. Nonetheless, at an individual level, more than 60% of women found initially to be affected by HF‐B will recover, whilst about 20% of formerly pre‐eclamptic women with normal echocardiography in the first year postpartum will develop HF‐B over the following years. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Estimating ungulate abundance while accounting for multiple sources of observation error
Authors: Terletzky Pat A. , Koons David N. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWhether a species is rare or overabundant, accurate estimates of population abundance are essential for the development and assessment of conservation plans and management goals. Aerial surveys are commonly used to estimate population abundance and a variety of methods have been used to account for recognized biases associated with imperfect detection. Rarely addressed, however, is the possibility of recording duplicate observations and the influence of duplicate observations on estimates of abundance. Using data provided by Global Positioning System (GPS)‐collared bison (Bison bison) and helicopter survey paths conducted during 2011–2013 in the Henry Mountains, Utah, USA, we determined whether GPS‐collared bison were observed, missed, or observed multiple times. Using these data, covariates hypothesized to influence observation errors, and generalized linear models, we found the probability of detecting a GPS‐collared bison (study‐wide mean of 95%) was consistently greater for individuals in larger groups and less rugged terrain. We also found that the probability of recording a duplicate observation (study‐wide mean of 4.4%) increased with time since the prior survey observation. By incorporating both types of observation error into a modified Horvitz–Thompson estimator, more accurate estimates of bison abundance can be attained, particularly in years when animals segregate into small groups, utilize terrain that makes them difficult to see, or have ample time to move into areas not yet surveyed and be counted again. Our approach of accounting for multiple sources of observation error can easily be applied to aerial surveys for other species in other systems, and has the potential to improve the rigor of wildlife abundance estimation from aerial surveys. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Production of Magnetic Nano‐bioconjugates via Ball Milling of Commercial Boron Powder with Biomolecules
Authors: Icten Okan , Hosmane Narayan Sadashiv , Kose Dursun Ali , Zumreoglu‐Karan Birgul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMechanochemical preparation and characterization of surface‐functionalized magnetic boron nanoparticles for biomedical applications are presented. Alloying with the stainless steel ball milling material during mechanochemical activation proved to be an alternative route to introduce magnetic properties to the nanomaterials, while functionalization with biomolecules provided biocompatible surfaces for bioconjugation.
Analysis of Prehospital Transport Use for Trauma Patients in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mowafi Hani , Oranmore‐Brown Rae , Hopkins Kathryn L. , White Emily E. , Mulla Yacob F. , Seidenberg Phil 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite an increasing burden of injuries, prehospital transport systems remain underdeveloped in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Little information exists on the use of prehospital services for trauma patients in Zambia.MethodA prospective, observational study of trauma presentations was undertaken for 6 months in Lusaka, Zambia, to establish the epidemiology and outcomes of injury in the region. In addition to demographics and mechanism of injury, data were collected on prehospital transport as well as inpatient resources utilization. Trained study personnel gathered data on trauma presentations 24 h a day. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS 9.3 from a Microsoft® Access database.Results3498 trauma patients were enrolled in the study on arrival to University Teaching Hospital (UTH). 3264 patients had a transport means recorded (95.3 %). Two‐thirds (66 %) arrived within 6 h of injury, and 23 % arrived within the first hour after injury. A majority arrived by private vehicle (53.4 %) or public transport (37.7 %); only 5.9 % were transported by public or private ambulance. Of those arriving within the first hour after injury, 69.1 % came by private car, 24.6 % by public transport and 3.1 % by ambulance. There was a small statistical increase in Kampala Trauma Score II among ambulance arrivals.ConclusionTrauma patient use a variety of transport methods to get to UTH. A majority of patients use no formal ambulance transport. Despite this fact, a majority arrives within 6 h of injury but receive no formal prehospital care. An integrated, multilayered prehospital care and transport system may be the most effective approach for Zambia.
Design and baseline characteristics of the LANDMARK study
Authors: Ogata Hiroaki , Fukagawa Masafumi , Hirakata Hideki , Kaneda Hideaki , Kagimura Tatsuo , Akizawa Tadao ,   On behalf of the LANDMARK Study Group
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
Calcium (Ca)-based phosphate (P) binders, compared to non-Ca-based P binders, contribute to vascular calcification, which is associated with cardiovascular events.

Methods
The LANDMARK study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel comparative study of lanthanum carbonate (LC) and calcium carbonate (CC) in hemodialysis patients. Stable hemodialysis patients with intact parathyroid hormone ≤240 pg/mL meeting ≥1 of the following criteria (age >65 years, postmenopause, diabetes mellitus) were randomized into the LC and CC groups. LC group patients initially received LC 750 mg/day or the previously used dose and were titrated up to a maximum 2250 mg/day to achieve serum P levels of 3.5–6.0 mg/dL. CC group patients received CC 3 g/day or the previously used dose and were titrated to achieve the same P range. If the target serum P level was not achieved, non-Ca-based P binders (other than LC) could also be added. The primary endpoint is survival time free of cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and unstable angina.

Results
Overall, 2309 patients were allocated to the LC (N = 1154) or CC group (N = 1155). At baseline, the mean age was 68.4 years, 40.4 % were women, 55.9 % had diabetes, 18.3 % had a history of ischemic heart disease, and 13.9 % had cerebrovascular disease. A total of 184 patients (8.4 %) had undergone coronary intervention procedures. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups.

Conclusions
The LANDMARK study will determine whether LC, a non-Ca-based P binder, reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Mw6.7 Earthquake of Manipur, NE India: Some Insights
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sanoujam Manichandra , Roy L. Someshwar , Kosigyn L. , Singh W. Arun Kumar , Pandey Ajeet P. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
An earthquake of Mw 6.7 occurred near the Noney village of Tamenglong district, 30 km WNW of Imphal, Manipur on 4th January 2016. This is the largest earthquake to have occurred in the region during last six decades. The last event of M 7.3 occurred on 1st July 1957 SW of Imphal in Manipur valley. The current event was recorded by a local network of BBS and located at 24.865oN and 93.653oE with a focal depth of 50 km. Data collected have been analysed to estimate source parameters, fault plane solution and assessment of damage in the vicinity of the epicenter. The seismic moment and stress drop have been estimated to be 1.096x1026 dyne.cm and 10.1 bars respectively, with the source radius of 17 km and rupture length of 44 km. The fault plane solution obtained using waveform inversion shows that the event was of strike slip type with two nodal planes, having (i) dip of 49o; strike 342o; rake 166o and (ii) with dip of 79o; strike 81o; rake 36o, respectively.
Morphometric Data on Topotype Assemblage of Miogypsina (Lepidosemicyclina) droogeri, Foraminifera from Kachchh, Gujarat
Authors: Singh S. D. , Raju D. S. N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Miogypsina (Lepidosemicyclina) droogeri Zone occupies an important position in the Indian biochronostratigraphy since the reservoirs of the giant oil field of Bombay High pertain to this zone. A rich assemblage of the topotype material from Kachchh is morphometically analysed for the better understanding of the variation in the population and its relation with the closely related species. The mean value of V is recorded as 77.5 for 24 specimens of Miogypsina (Lepidosemicyclina) droogeri Mohan and Tewari. The detailed study of Miogypsinidae from the exposures in Kachchh and a continuously cored offshore well ED-D from Bombay Offshore has helped in the better understanding of the evolution of Lepidosemicyclina lineage from Miogypsina (Lepidosemicyclina) thecideaeformis Rutten to Miogypsina (Lepidosemicyclina) droogeri Mohan and Tewari through Miogypsina (Lepidosemicyclina) talukdari Raju and Singh.
Estimation of Hydraulic Characteristics from Electrical Resistivity Data in Coastal Aquifers of Southern India
Authors: Singh Somvir , Singh V. S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
The applicability of geophysical techniques has been examined for evaluating aquifer properties like transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity of coastal aquifers, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu. The pumping test data of 10 wells are interpreted by using forward modelling to obtain the aquifer characteristics in the study area. The available vertical electrical soundings (VES) data in the vicinity of the sites of pumping test have been interpreted; and true resistivity and thickness are determined at each site in the study area. Empirical relationships are established for estimating the hydraulic parameters from the electrical data.
The area under study is divided into three major geological formations viz. Archaean (hard rock), Tertiary and coastal sediments. The empirical relationships have been shown (1) between formation factor and hydraulic conductivity; (2) between transmissivity and transverse resistance and (3) between aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity, in three different geological formations. The result shows a linear relationship between hydraulic conductivity and transverse unit resistance and between hydraulic conductivity and formation factor. These relations are further used to estimate the hydrogeological parameters viz transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity at remaining 18 vertical electrical sounding points, where pumping test data is not available. The hydraulic properties of aquifer at different points are then used to generate the corresponding contour maps. The thematic maps are finally utilized for the selection of suitable well sites in the study area using the electrical and aquifer parameters. The results indicate that the hard rock formation near the coast ofTuticorin is the most potential zone of groundwater for future exploitation.
Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data of Idah Area in North Central Nigeria Using Combined Methods
Authors: Obiora Daniel N. , Yakubu John A. , Okeke Francisca N. , Chukudebelu Josiah U. , Oha Andrew I. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Aeromagnetic data of Idah area (sheet 267), north-central Nigeria, has been interpreted by applying source parameter imaging (SPI), Euler deconvolution and forward and inverse modeling methods. Quantitatively, depth estimates obtained by employing SPI have shown minimum to maximum depth to anomalous source at 57.591m to 664.841m. Applying Euler deconvolution for various structural indices (SI), the depth obtained for SI=1, ranges from 5.6m to 197.6m, 22.0m to 204.7m for SI=2 and for SI=3, the depth to magnetic source obtained ranges from 38.0m to 205.5m. The results from forward and inverse modeling for profiles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 indicate depths of 95.6m, 103.9m, 477.5m, 1239.8m and 76.8m respectively. From the results of susceptibility values; the result obtained from profile 1 with susceptibility value of -0.0175 suggests that the body is associated with non-magnetic sedimentary deposits. Profile 2 with a susceptibility value of 0.07 is typical of basic igneous rock; gabbro and basalts. The results for profiles 3, 4 and 5 having susceptibility values of 0.01 to 0.013 are typical of intermediate igneous rocks; diorite and andesite.
Down Syndrome Screening: Evidence that Test Results Differ According to Phenotype
Authors: Arbuzova Svetlana , Falach Aya Cohen , Wiener Yifat , Nikolenko Margaryta , Maymon Ron , Cuckle Howard , Sharony Reuven 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine screening marker levels in Down syndrome (DS) pregnancies with and without cardiac defects and in euploid pregnancies. Retrospective series in two centers with one or more markers—ultrasound nuchal translucency (NT), first trimester maternal serum pregnancy associated plasma protein (PAPP-A), free-β human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β-hCG), and second trimester serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), hCG, and free-β hCG. Levels were expressed as multiples of the gestation-specific median (MoM). Differences were assessed by the Wilcoxon rank sum test and 95 % confidence intervals. There were 318 DS pregnancies including 53 (17 %) with cardiac defects. Median NT was higher in cardiac defects (1.82 compared with 1.62 MoM), but not statistically significant (P = 0.17). Median free β-hCG was significantly highly reduced in the first trimester (1.14 and 2.17 MoM; P < 0.005) and similarly but nonsignificantly in the second trimester (1.59 and 2.32 MoM; P = 0.14). PAPP-A was reduced and AFP increased nonsignificantly with no material differences for uE3 and hCG. The results on NT and free β-hCG were consistent with a series of 62 euploid pregnancies with cardiac defects screened in one of the centers. The distribution of some markers differs in DS pregnancies with cardiac defects. Depending on the screening protocol, this may affect the phenotype of DS births.
The effect of thermal boundary conditions on forced convection heat transfer to fluids at supercritical pressure
Authors: Nemati Hassan , Patel Ashish , Boersma Bendiks J. , Pecnik Rene 
Published: July 2016

We use direct numerical simulations to study the effect of thermal boundary conditions on developing turbulent pipe flows with fluids at supercritical pressure. The Reynolds number based on pipe diameter and friction velocity at the inlet is$Re_{{\it\tau}0}=360$and Prandtl number at the inlet is$Pr_{0}=3.19$. The thermodynamic conditions are chosen such that the temperature range within the flow domain incorporates the pseudo-critical point where large variations in thermophysical properties occur. Two different thermal wall boundary conditions are studied: one that permits temperature fluctuations and one that does not allow temperature fluctuations at the wall (equivalent to cases where the thermal effusivity ratio approaches infinity and zero, respectively). Unlike for turbulent flows with constant thermophysical properties and Prandtl numbers above unity – where the effusivity ratio has a negligible influence on heat transfer – supercritical fluids shows a strong dependency on the effusivity ratio. We observe a reduction of 7 % in Nusselt number when the temperature fluctuations at the wall are suppressed. On the other hand, if temperature fluctuations are permitted, large property variations are induced that consequently cause an increase of wall-normal velocity fluctuations very close to the wall and thus an increased overall heat flux and skin friction.
A Great Leap Forward for Democracy and the Rule of Law? Brazil's Mensalão Trial
Authors: MICHENER GREGORY , PEREIRA CARLOS 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Mensalão trial was Brazil's most important political corruption trial ever and an emblematic ex post accountability success. More than 28 individuals were convicted in relation to a legislative vote-buying scheme, many by the very officials they helped appoint. We relay the trajectory of the scandal cum trial, explain its successful prosecution and assess its implications. The article argues that the Mensalão has proved pivotal for Brazil's institutional and legal advances and asks – more than a quarter of a century after a new constitution – whether the country is entering into a stronger, more enduring relationship with the rule of law.
Plato's Minos: The Soul of the Law
Authors: Davis Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe account of law in Plato's Minos is on its surface strange. Law is both what “wants to be the finding out of what is” and “the finding out of what is.” It is a faculty in us like sight or hearing, and its stability requires that it be independent of us. It makes universal claims but always does so for a particular people in a particular place. Law must be grounded in what is beyond the law, and yet, once established, must assert its own final authority. Lawgivers must be at once above the law, almost a different species from those for whom they legislate, and, like everyone else, subject to the law. These ambiguities, indeed duplicities, are not so much defects of law to be resolved as indications of its fundamental nature. What follows is an account of this dual nature, especially in its necessary connection to poetry.
Alfarabi and the Creation of an Islamic Political Science
Authors: Burns Daniel E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen discussing the preconditions of liberal Islamic politics, liberal theorists often advocate the reinterpretation of traditional religious texts in light of liberal political theory. Such an interpretive project is worth comparing to a similar project conceived by the medieval Islamic philosopher Alfarabi, whose effort to introduce Greek political philosophy into his political-religious community parallels these efforts to introduce liberal theory into Islamic communities. Alfarabi argued that traditional texts should be reinterpreted in light of a new political science, one based on Greek sources but adapted to the unique needs of a community like his. This article shows how Alfarabi conceived of these adaptations, emphasizing the flexibility that he thought students of Greek political philosophy should adopt in accommodating even Islamic doctrines that they could not fully accept.
Later, if ever: Family influences on the transition from first to second birth in Soviet Ukraine
Authors: HILEVYCH YULIYA 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhat was the role of the family in individual reproductive decisions during state socialism? Can the family help to understand regional variations in fertility decline? This study provides an in-depth analysis of family relationships and their influences on individual reproductive decisions during the transition from first to second birth in Soviet Ukraine. Life history interviews are used to compare the western and eastern borderland cities of Lviv and Kharkiv, respectively, around 1950–1975. The findings reveal that regional differences in intergenerational ties and spousal cooperation shaped two reproductive strategies of transition to second birth, specifically postponing in Kharkiv and spacing in Lviv.
Deaf and unwanted? Marriage characteristics of deaf people in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Belgium: a comparative and cross-regional approach
Authors: DE VEIRMAN SOFIE , HAAGE HELENA , VIKSTRÖM LOTTA 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this article, the marriage characteristics of deaf men and women born in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Belgium are compared to each other, as well as to a group of non-deaf siblings and a group of Swedish deaf persons. The aim is to determine the extent to which the marriage pattern of deaf persons lined up with that of non-disabled persons and to see how experiences of disablement interacted with the environment in which persons dwelt. This article challenges the belief in a universal disability experience by arguing that although deaf individuals generally encountered more difficulties in finding a marriage partner, marriage chances were significantly dependent on personal characteristics such as gender, living environment and birth date. As such, we demonstrate that the relationship between being deaf and being vulnerable on the marriage market was not an inescapable one, but the product of specific environments.