bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six years of surface remote sensing of stratiform warm clouds in marine and continental air over Mace Head, Ireland
Authors: Preißler Jana , Martucci Giovanni , Saponaro Giulia , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Vaishya Aditya , Kolmonen Pekka , Ceburnis Darius , Sogacheva Larisa , de Leeuw Gerrit , O'Dowd Colin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA total of 118 stratiform water clouds were observed by ground‐based remote sensing instruments at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the west coast of Ireland from 2009 to 2015. Microphysical and optical characteristics of these clouds were studied as well as the impact of aerosols on these properties. Microphysical and optical cloud properties were derived using the algorithm SYRSOC (SYnergistic Remote Sensing Of Clouds). Ground‐based in situ measurements of aerosol concentrations and the transport path of air masses at cloud level were investigated as well. The cloud properties were studied in dependence of the prevailing air mass at cloud level and season. We found higher cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) and smaller effective radii (reff) with greater pollution. Median CDNC ranged from 60 cm−3 in marine air masses to 160 cm−3 in continental air. Median reff ranged from 8 μm in polluted conditions to 10 μm in marine air. Effective droplet size distributions were broader in marine than in continental cases. Cloud optical thickness (COT) and albedo were lower in cleaner air masses and higher in more polluted conditions, with medians ranging from 2.1 to 4.9 and 0.22 to 0.39, respectively. However, calculation of COT and albedo was strongly affected by liquid water path (LWP) and departure from adiabatic conditions. A comparison of SYRSOC results with MODIS (Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) observations showed large differences for LWP and COT but good agreement for reff with a linear fit with slope near 1 and offset of −1 μm.
Persistent landfalling atmospheric rivers over the west coast of North America
Authors: Payne Ashley E. , Magnusdottir Gudrun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLandfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) are linked to heavy precipitation and extreme flooding, and are well known along the western coast of North America. The hydrological impacts of ARs upon landfall are correlated with their duration and magnitude. In order to improve the forecast of these hydrologically significant landfalling events, a better understanding of how they differ from other landfalling events must be established through an investigation of the mechanisms leading to their development prior to landfall. A subset of persistent landfalling AR events between 30°N and 50°N is identified in 3‐hourly Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis and validated against existing data sets. These events are identified as features in the low troposphere with high moisture transport and extended geometry that persist over a limited region of the coastline for longer than 63 h (85th percentile of AR duration). A composite analysis shows that persistent events have distinct thermodynamical and dynamical characteristics compared to all AR events. They are characterized by greater moisture content, suggestive of Pineapple Express‐type events, a perturbed upper level jet and anticyclonic overturning of potential vorticity contours associated with anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking. Moreover, the location of the Rossby wave breaking is shifted inland compared to all AR events. Analogue analysis of the 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies is used to find nonpersistent events with similar dynamical characteristics to persistent events. Despite their similarity to persistent events, nonpersistent analogues show very little shift toward longer duration. A comparison of the development of persistent and nonpersistent analogues shows that persistent events have much greater moisture content.
Effects of climate change on deepwater oxygen and winter mixing in a deep lake (Lake Geneva): Comparing observational findings and modeling
Authors: Schwefel Robert , Gaudard Adrien , Wüest Alfred , Bouffard Damien 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLow concentrations of dissolved oxygen remain a global concern regarding the ecological health of lakes and reservoirs. In addition to high nutrient loads, climate‐induced changes in lake stratification and mixing represent additional anthropogenic menace resulting in decreased deepwater oxygen levels. The analysis of 43 years of monitoring data from Lake Geneva shows no decreasing trend neither in the areal hypolimnetic mineralization rate nor in the extent of hypoxia. Instead, hypoxic conditions are predominantly controlled by deep mixing in winter and much less by the trophic variations over the past decades. To reproduce winter mixing, the one‐dimensional hydrodynamic model SIMSTRAT was specially adapted to deep lakes and run for several climate scenarios. The simulations predicted a decrease in the maximum winter mixing depth from an average of ∼172 m for 1981–2012 to ∼136 m and ∼127 m in response to predicted atmospheric temperatures between 2045–2076 and 2070–2101 according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios. Concurrently, events with complete homogenization of temperature and oxygen in winter will decrease by ∼50%. Consequently, the hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations will significantly decrease. These results demonstrate that changes in deep mixing can have stronger impact than eutrophication on the deepwater oxygen levels of oligomictic lakes.
Torquoselective Nazarov Cyclization Mediated by a Chiral Sulfoxide: First Enantioselective Synthesis of two Known Anticancer Agents
Authors: Grenet Erwann , Martinez Jean , Salom‐Roig Xavier J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerein, we report a Nazarov cyclization reaction between activated dienones that contain an aromatic moiety as an electron‐donating group and chiral sulfoxides that act as both an electron‐withdrawing group and a chiral inductor. The sulfinyl group directed the torquoselectivity and AlCl3 was used as a promoter. Only the trans stereoisomers were observed. Substrates that contained activated aromatic moieties, including phenyl and aromatic heterocycles, led to the desired cyclopentenones. The potential use of this method was highlighted in the first enantioselective synthesis of two anticancer agents.
Copper‐Catalyzed Selective Aerobic Oxidative Cascade Reaction of Hydrazines, DABSO, and Amines for the Direct Synthesis of Sulfonamides
Authors: Du Bingnan , Wang Yang , Sha Wanxing , Qian Ping , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed highly selective aerobic oxidative coupling reaction of hydrazines and amines has been achieved with the use of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) (DABSO) as a sulfonyl group source. The hydrazines were explored as aryl precursors for the coupling reaction with DABSO, which directly reacted with amines without use of any additional additives. The cascade reaction was performed under mild conditions and tolerated a wide range of substrates affording the corresponding sulfonamides with good chemical yields. This conceptually new method proceeds with the release of nitrogen, providing an easy and practical strategy for the preparation of sulfonamides.
Magnetically Induced Continuous CO2 Hydrogenation Using Composite Iron Carbide Nanoparticles of Exceptionally High Heating Power
Authors: Bordet Alexis , Lacroix Lise‐Marie , Fazzini Pier‐Francesco , Carrey Julian , Soulantica Katerina , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe use of magnetic nanoparticles to convert electromagnetic energy into heat is known to be a key strategy for numerous biomedical applications but is also an approach of growing interest in the field of catalysis. The heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles is limited by the poor magnetic properties of most of them. Here we show that the new generation of iron carbide nanoparticles of controlled size and with over 80 % crystalline Fe2.2C leads to exceptional heating properties, which are much better than the heating properties of currently available nanoparticles. Associated to catalytic metals (Ni, Ru), iron carbide nanoparticles submitted to magnetic excitation very efficiently catalyze CO2 hydrogenation in a dedicated continuous‐flow reactor. Hence, we demonstrate that the concept of magnetically induced heterogeneous catalysis can be successfully applied to methanation of CO2 and represents an approach of strategic interest in the context of intermittent energy storage and CO2 recovery.
Characterization of endogenous promoters for control of recombinant gene expression in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Kernan Timothy , West Alan C. , Banta Scott 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an important iron‐ and sulfur‐oxidizing acidophilic chemolithoautotroph that is used extensively in metal extraction and refining, and more recently in the bioproduction of chemicals. However, a lack of genetic tools has limited the further development of this organism for industrial bioprocesses. Using prior microarray studies that identified genes, which may express differentially in response to the availability of iron and sulfur, the cycA1 and tusA promoter sequences have been characterized for their ability to drive green fluorescent protein expression. The promoters exhibited opposite control behavior, where the cycA1 sequence was repressed and the tusA promoter was induced by the presence of sulfur in the growth medium. Sulfur was found to be the dominant signal. The sulfur IC50 for cycA1 was 0.56 mM (18 mg/L), whereas the sulfur EC50 of tusA was 2.5 mM (80 mg/L). Together these sequences provide two new tools to selectively induce or repress gene expression in A. ferrooxidans. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an important industrial organism; however, genetic tools for control of gene expression do not exist. Here, we report the identification of promoter sequences that allow for the development of control of gene expression for engineering this organism.
Severe carotid artery stenosis evaluated by ultrasound is associated with post stroke vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Ma Xiangling , Lin Jing , He Xiangqin , Tian Feng , Kong Dongmei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAcute ischemic stroke has been recognized as one key cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between carotid artery stenosis and post VCI in acute ischemic stroke patients.MethodsIn this study, B‐mode ultrasound was applied to measure the degree of carotid artery stenosis. After 1 year, the stroke patients’ cognitive function was assessed by the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) score. The relationship between the VCI and degree of carotid artery stenosis was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis.ResultsVCI was observed in 136 (37.2%) of the 365 participants. High degree of carotid artery stenosis was significantly correlated with VCI (p < .01), and this correlation remained unchanged even adjustment for age, gender, education level, stroke features, and vascular risk factors.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that high‐grade stenosis of carotid artery is positively correlated with post stroke VCI in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The evaluation of 1 year post stroke cognitive function may be a potential tool for screening stroke patients at risk of VCI.
Transcutaneous pollinosis immunotherapy using a solid‐in‐oil nanodispersion system carrying T cell epitope peptide and R848
Authors: Kitaoka Momoko , Naritomi Ayaka , Kawabe Yoshinori , Kamihira Masamichi , Kamiya Noriho , Goto Masahiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAntigen‐specific immunotherapy is the only curative approach for the treatment of allergic diseases such as Japanese cedar pollinosis. Immunotherapy using a T cell epitope vaccine in combination with the adjuvant R848 is of particular interest as a safe and effective approach to treat allergic diseases. Herein, we propose a simple and easy to handle vaccine administration method using the original solid‐in‐oil (S/O) nanodispersion system that permeates through the skin. The S/O nanodispersion system is composed of nanoparticles of hydrophilic molecules surrounded with hydrophobic surfactants that are dispersed in an oil vehicle. The system has potential to carry and deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactives. Hydrophilic T cell epitope peptide was efficiently delivered through mouse skin using the S/O nanodispersion system and lowered antigen‐specific IgE levels in pollinosis model mice. Addition of the hydrophobic adju1vant R848 significantly lowered the antibody secretion and shifted the Th1/Th2‐balance toward Th1‐type immunity in the model mice, showing the potential to alleviate Japanese cedar pollinosis.
Sodium Percarbonate Based, Mixed‐Media Fuel Cells Supported on Paper with Gold/Nickel Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Verma Rajat , Lal Sweta , Deepa Melepurath , Janardhanan Vinod M. , Sahu Kirti Chandra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSelf‐pumping T‐shaped mixed‐media paper‐based fuel cells are prepared for the first time by using sodium percarbonate as the fuel, KMnO4 as the oxidant, and a proton‐conducting gel as the electrolyte. Whatman filter papers serve as porous supports for the fluid (catholyte and anolyte) streams. The cell architecture with the Au/NiO (with 11 wt % Au) composite as the catalyst deposited at both electrodes delivers high current and power densities of 5.6 mA cm−2 and 2.6 mW cm−2, respectively. With this catalyst, the maximum current and power densities are enhanced by 75 and 121 %, respectively, as compared to the case without catalyst. Impedance analysis shows that ohmic and polarization resistances can be reduced significantly by use of the Au/NiO (with 11 wt % Au) composite as the catalyst. The ability of this cell to revive and restore its original performance once both the open‐circuit voltage and current density have decayed clearly demonstrates the applicability of this robust, easily disposable cell for powering micro‐/nanodevices.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Dasatinib–Amino Acid and Dasatinib–Fatty Acid Conjugates as Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Tiwari Rakesh K. , Brown Alex , Sadeghiani Neda , Shirazi Amir Nasrolahi , Bolton Jared , Tse Amanda , Verkhivker Gennady , Parang Keykavous , Sun Gongqin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDerivatives of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib were synthesized by esterification with 25 carboxylic acids, including amino acids and fatty acids, thereby extending the drug to interact with more diverse sites and to improve specificity. The dasatinib–l‐arginine derivative (Das‐R, 7) was found to be the most potent of the inhibitors tested, with IC50 values of 4.4, <0.25, and <0.45 nm against Csk, Src, and Abl kinases, respectively. The highest selectivity ratio obtained in our study, 91.4 Csk/Src, belonged to compound 18 (Das‐C10) with an IC50 value of 3.2 μm for Csk compared with 35 nm for Src. Furthermore, many compounds displayed increased selectivity toward Src over Abl. Compounds 15 (Das–glutamic acid) and 13 (Das–cysteine) demonstrated the largest gains (10.2 and 10.3 Abl/Src IC50 ratios). Das‐R (IC50=2.06 μm) was significantly more potent than the parent dasatinib (IC50=26.3 μm) against Panc‐1 cells, whereas both compounds showed IC50<51.2 pm against BV‐173 and K562 cells. Molecular modeling and binding free energy simulations revealed good agreements with the experimental results and rationalized the differences in selectivity among the studied compounds. Integration of experimental and computational approaches in the design and biochemical screening of dasatinib derivatives facilitated rational engineering and diversification of the dasatinib scaffold, providing useful insight into mechanisms of kinase selectivity.
A Deep Hydrophobic Binding Cavity is the Main Interaction for Different Y2R Antagonists
Authors: Burkert Kerstin , Zellmann Tristan , Meier René , Kaiser Anette , Stichel Jan , Meiler Jens , Mittapalli Gopi K. , Roberts Edward , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe neuropeptide Y2 receptor (Y2R) is involved in various pathophysiological processes such as epilepsy, mood disorders, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Therefore, the Y2R is an interesting target for drug development. A detailed understanding of the binding pocket could facilitate the development of highly selective antagonists to study the role of Y2R in vitro and in vivo. In this study, several residues crucial to the interaction of BIIE0246 and SF‐11 derivatives with Y2R were investigated by signal transduction assays. Using the experimental results as constraints, the antagonists were docked into a comparative structural model of the Y2R. Despite differences in size and structure, all three antagonists display a similar binding site, including a deep hydrophobic cavity formed by transmembrane helices (TM) 4, 5, and 6, as well as a hydrophobic patch at the top of TM2 and 7. Additionally, we suggest that the antagonists block Q3.32, a position that has been shown to be crucial for binding of the amidated C terminus of NPY and thus for receptor activation.
Pole plate effected gradient coils design in permanent magnet MRI system
Authors: Xu Yajie , Lopez Hector Sanchez , Chen Qiaoyan , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPole plate in permanent magnet MRI system leads to serious impact on the strength, linearity, and inductance of gradient coils due to the induced current of its pure iron material. In this article, a modified mirror current (MC) model of pole plate based on z gradient coil is established, aiming at improving gradient coil performance. Levenberg‐Marquardt (LM) algorithm is applied for the gradient coil optimization with and without constraint of the current density coefficient that determines the coil complexity and structure. With the optimal constraint radius 4.466 and 4.942, the minimum square of gradient field errors are obtained as and for longitudinal and transverse gradient coils, respectively. Optimization results combining linearity, inductance and field error ameliorate all three parameters prominently comparing with the original MC model, which proves the efficiency of the modified MC model and LM optimization algorithm in gradient coil construction to compensate the pole plate effect.
Large‐Scale, Ultrasensitive, Highly Reproducible and Reusable Smart SERS Platform Based on PNIPAm‐Grafted Gold Grating
Authors: Guselnikova Olga , Postnikov Pavel , Kalachyova Yevgeniya , Kolska Zdenka , Libansky Milan , Zima Jiri , Svorcik Vaclav , Lyutakov Oleksiy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA smart plasmonic sensor based on periodic gold gratings grafted with poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) has been designed and realized. A periodic gold structure was created on the polymer backing with an excimer laser (1×2 cm2 modified area) and was subsequently covered by thin gold film. In the next step, a 7 nm thick PNIPAm layer was grafted to the gold surface through a two‐step procedure: covalent attachment of 4‐carboxybenzil groups followed by carboxyl groups activation and their coupling with amino‐terminated PNIPAm. Surface properties of the prepared structure and their switchable behavior were investigated using refractometry, wettability measurements, AFM in water, cyclic voltammetry, and pH‐ and temperature‐dependent Z‐potential measurements. The structure enables effective entrapment and SERS detection of azo dyes, significant reduction of minimal detectable concentration of target molecules, and a detection limit down to femtomolar concentrations. Excitation of plasmons on the well‐ordered surface structure also gives excellent reproducibility for SERS along the particular sample surface and as well as on different samples. Additionally, the reversible switching of wettability under repeated temperature changes on the gold plasmonic platform allows multiple uses of the developed system.
Characterization of Tin/Ethylene Glycol Solar Nanofluids Synthesized by Femtosecond Laser Radiation
Authors: Torres‐Mendieta Rafael , Mondragón Rosa , Puerto‐Belda Verónica , Mendoza‐Yero Omel , Lancis Jesús , Juliá J. Enrique , Mínguez‐Vega Gladys 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSolar energy is available over wide geographical areas and its harnessing is becoming an essential tool to satisfy the ever‐increasing demand for energy with minimal environmental impact. Solar nanofluids are a novel solar receiver concept for efficient harvesting of solar radiation based on volumetric absorption of directly irradiated nanoparticles in a heat transfer fluid. Herein, the fabrication of a solar nanofluid by pulsed laser ablation in liquids was explored. This study was conducted with the ablation of bulk tin immersed in ethylene glycol with a femtosecond laser. Laser irradiation promotes the formation of tin nanoparticles that are collected in the ethylene glycol as colloids, creating the solar nanofluid. The ability to trap incoming electromagnetic radiation, thermal conductivity, and the stability of the solar nanofluid in comparison with conventional synthesis methods is enhanced.
Enhancing Electrocatalytic Performance of Bifunctional Cobalt–Manganese‐Oxynitride Nanocatalysts on Graphene
Authors: Li Yang , Kuttiyiel Kurian A. , Wu Lijun , Zhu Yimei , Fujita Etsuko , Adzic Radoslav R. , Sasaki Kotaro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of graphenesupported cobalt–manganese‐oxynitride nanocatalysts (CoMnON/G) as bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A nitriding treatment of spinel compound CoMnO increased the ORR activity considerably, and the most active material catalyzed the ORR with only a 30 mV half‐wave potential difference from the commercial carbon‐supported platinum (Pt/C) in alkaline media. In addition to high activity, the catalyst also exhibited an intrinsic stability that outperformed Pt/C. An appropriately designed nitridation thus facilitates new directions for developing active and durable non‐precious‐metal oxynitride electocatalysts.
Highly Active NaTaO3‐Based Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to Form CO Using Water as the Electron Donor
Authors: Nakanishi Haruka , Iizuka Kosuke , Takayama Tomoaki , Iwase Akihide , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDoped NaTaO3 (NaTaO3:A, where A=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or La) has arisen as a highly active photocatalyst for CO2 reduction to simultaneously form CO, H2, and O2 using water as the electron donor when used with an Ag cocatalyst, under UV irradiation, and with 1 atm (0.1 MPa) of CO2. The ratio of the number of reacted electrons/holes was almost unity, indicating that water was consumed as the electron donor. A liquid‐phase reduction method for loading of the Ag cocatalyst was superior to photodeposition and impregnation methods. The Ag cocatalyst‐loaded NaTaO3:Ba was the most active photocatalyst in water with no required additives. The addition of bases, such as hydrogencarbonate, was effective to enhance the CO formation for Mg‐, Ca‐, Sr‐, Ba‐, and La‐doped NaTaO3 photocatalysts with an Ag cocatalyst. Ca‐ and Sr‐doped NaTaO3 photocatalysts showed especially high activity along with the Ba‐doped photocatalyst in the aqueous NaHCO3 solution. The selectivity for the CO formation [CO/(CO+H2)] on Ca‐, Sr‐, and Ba‐doped NaTaO3 photocatalysts with Ag cocatalyst reached around 90 %.