bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hitting the moving target: modelling ontogenetic shifts with stable isotopes reveals the importance of isotopic turnover
Authors: Hertz Eric , Trudel Marc , El‐Sabaawi Rana , Tucker Strahan , Dower John F. , Beacham Terry D. , Edwards Andrew M. , Mazumder Asit 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Ontogenetic niche shifts are widely prevalent in nature and are important in shaping the structure and dynamics of ecosystems. Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool to assess these shifts, with δ15N providing a measure of trophic level and δ13C a measure of energy source.

Previous applications of stable isotopes to study ontogenetic niche shifts have not considered the appreciable time lag between diet and consumer tissue associated with isotopic turnover. These time lags introduce significant complexity into field studies of ontogenetic niche shifts.

Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrate from freshwater to marine ecosystems and shift their diet from feeding primarily on invertebrates to feeding primarily on fish. This dual ontogenetic habitat and diet shift, in addition to the long time lag associated with isotopic turnover, suggests that there is potential for a disconnect between the prey sources that juvenile salmon are consuming, and the inferred prey sources from stable isotopes.

We developed a model that considered ontogenetic niche shifts and time lags associated with isotopic turnover, and compared this ‘ontogeny’ model to one that considered only isotopic turnover. We used a Bayesian framework to explicitly account for parameter uncertainty.

Data showed overwhelming support for the ontogeny model relative to the isotopic turnover model. Estimated variables from best model fits indicate that the ontogeny model predicts a much greater reliance on fish prey than does the stomach content data. Overall, we found that this method of quantifying ontogenetic niche shifts effectively accounted for both isotopic turnover and ontogenetic diet shifts; a finding that could be widely applicable to a variety of systems.
The grammaticalization of possessive person marking: a typological approach
Authors: van Rijn Marlou 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study focuses on the grammaticalization of agreement markers from possessive pronouns, which has two different dimensions: loss of referentiality (function) and loss of morpho‐phonological independence (form). I examine the referential potential and formal expression type of possessive person markers in a worldwide sample of 39 languages with an alienability distinction. Referential potential is measured independently of expression type by applying a new typology of person markers. First, I demonstrate that inalienable possessive marking is at least as referential and formally independent as alienable possessive marking, and often less referential and less independent. Unlike explanations in terms of frequency and iconicity, I argue that this asymmetry is essentially semantics‐based: the presence of a possessive relationship is inherent to the meaning of the inalienable noun, which is therefore in less need of expressive marking than alienable nouns. Second, I show that loss of referentiality correlates with loss in form, but in a relative rather than an absolute sense: in individual languages, higher referential markers never show a greater degree of bonding with the possessee than lower referential markers. These results suggest that function and form evolve in the same direction, but need not evolve at the same pace.
Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Secondary to Metastatic Uterine Cancer: A Rare Cause of Sudden Unexpected Death
Authors: Srettabunjong Supawon , Chuangsuwanich Tuenjai 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPulmonary tumor thromboembolus (PTTE) secondary to uterine cancer is a rare cause of sudden unexpected deaths in the elderly population. Additionally, tumor extension to the inferior vena cava (IVC) makes it rarer. No such cases have been previously reported in the forensic literature. We report this phenomenon in a previously healthy 70‐year‐old woman with no other known risk factors for the development of deep vein thrombosis. The deceased was found dead while watching television with her relatives. Autopsy examination revealed that her death was attributed to a saddle embolus lodged in the main pulmonary arteries. A uterine tumor was discovered, and microscopic examination revealed low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with angiolymphatic invasion. The tumor cells were also found in the embolus and the remnant thrombosis attached to the inner wall of the IVC. This case demonstrates a sudden unexpected death caused by acute PTTE following seeding of uterine cancer into the IVC and raises awareness of such events.
The Total Incidence of Complications and the Impact of an Anticoagulation Regime on Adverse Events After Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: A Single‐Center Study of 409 Patients
Authors: Koektuerk Buelent , Turan Cem H. , Yorgun Hikmet , Keskin Kerim , Schoett Moritz , Dahmen Alina , Gorr Eduard , Yang Alexander , Hoppe Christian , Horlitz Marc , Turan Ramazan G. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAimData evaluating the complications of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using second‐generation cryoballoons (CB) related to different anticoagulation regimes are limited. This study evaluates the total complications and the impact of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to phenprocoumon on adverse events in the setting of PVI using CB.Methods and resultsPVI was performed using second‐generation CB by two experienced investigators. A total of 409 patients (58.9% male; mean age = 61 ± 10 years) with atrial fibrillation were included in this study. In group I, 150/409 (36.7%) patients received phenprocoumon therapy, and in group II, 259/409 (63.3%) patients were treated with NOACs (rivaroxaban: n = 193; dabigatran: n = 48; and apixaban: n = 18). In both groups, the rates of major complications were similar (group I [phenprocoumon]: four pts (2.7%) vs. Group II [NOACs]: seven pts (2.7%); P = 0.999). In this cohort, 275 patients were ablated with the bonus freeze protocol, and 134 patients were ablated without bonus freezes. The procedure duration significantly decreased with the bonus freeze protocol from 102.3 ± 24.6 min to 68.5 ± 16.2 min (P < 0.001). The impact of the bonus freeze on the postprocedural increase of C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels was significant compared to the postprocedural CRP levels after procedures without the bonus freeze protocol (postprocedural CRP level+ bonus protocol: 1.6 ± 1.2 mg/L vs. postprocedural CRP level+ nonbonus protocol: 1.3 ± 1.3 mg/L; P = 0.04).ConclusionThe incidence of adverse events in PVI using the second‐generation CB with the periprocedural administration of NAOCs was not significantly different compared to phenprocoumon. Further, large‐scale randomized studies are needed to evaluate the safety of two anticoagulation regimes comparing vitamin K antagonists and NOACs, as well as different NOAC regimes, in patients undergoing PVI using cryoballoon ablation.
Spatial patterns of arrests, police assault and addiction treatment center locations in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Werb Dan , Strathdee Steffanie A , Vera Alicia , Arredondo Jaime , Beletsky Leo , Gonzalez‐Zuniga Patricia , Gaines Tommi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsIn the context of a public health‐oriented drug policy reform in Mexico, we assessed the spatial distribution of police encounters among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, determined the association between these encounters and the location of addiction treatment centers and explored the association between police encounters and treatment access.DesignGeographically weighted regression (GWR) and logistic regression analysis using prospective spatial data from a community‐recruited cohort of PWID in Tijuana and official geographical arrest data from the Tijuana Municipal Police Department.SettingTijuana, Mexico.ParticipantsA total of 608 participants (median age 37; 28.4% female) in the prospective Proyecto El Cuete cohort study recruited between January and December 2011.MeasurementsWe compared the mean distance of police encounters and a randomly distributed set of events to treatment centers. GWR was undertaken to model the spatial relationship between police interactions and treatment centers. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with reporting police interactions.FindingsDuring the study period, 27.5% of police encounters occurred within 500 m of treatment centers. The GWR model suggested spatial correlation between encounters and treatment centers (global R2 = 0.53). Reporting a need for addiction treatment was associated with reporting arrest and police assault [adjusted odds ratio = 2.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25–6.02, P = 0.012].ConclusionsA geospatial analysis suggests that, in Mexico, people who inject drugs are at greater risk of being a victim of police violence if they consider themselves in need of addiction treatment, and their interactions with police appear to be more frequent around treatment centers.
Comparative adoption of cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography machines across Australia
Authors: Zhang A , Critchley S , Monsour PA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the current adoption of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography (PR) machines across Australia.MethodsInformation regarding registered CBCT and PR machines was obtained from radiation regulators across Australia. The number of X‐ray machines was correlated with the population size, the number of dentists, and the gross state product (GSP) per capita, to determine the best fitting regression model(s).ResultsIn 2014, there were 232 CBCT and 1681 PR machines registered in Australia. Based on absolute counts, Queensland had the largest number of CBCT and PR machines whereas the Northern Territory had the smallest number. However, when based on accessibility in terms of the population size and the number of dentists, the Australian Capital Territory had the most CBCT machines and Western Australia had the most PR machines. The number of X‐ray machines correlated strongly with both the population size and the number of dentists, but not with the GSP per capita.ConclusionsIn 2014, the ratio of PR to CBCT machines was approximately 7:1. Projected increases in either the population size or the number of dentists could positively impact on the adoption of PR and CBCT machines in Australia.
Investigation of Toxic Effects of Mushroom Poisoning on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Erenler Ali Kemal , Doğan Tolga , Koçak Cem , Ece Yasemin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMushroom poisoning (MP) is a public health problem in many countries. It is well known that consumption of wild mushrooms may cause serious toxicity on renal, hepatic and brain functions. In the literature, however, studies investigating cardiotoxic effects of MP are rare. In this study, we evaluated laboratory and ECG findings of patients and sought for possible toxic effects of MP on the cardiovascular system. During a 2‐year period, 175 patients with MP were included in the study. The majority of the poisonings occurred in early summertime. The most common complaint was found to be nausea and vomiting followed by mental status alterations. Methods of treatment were mainly based on gastric lavage, activated charcoal and supportive therapy. The most common ECG abnormalities in the patients with MP were sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, ST/T inversion, 1st degree AV block and QT prolongation, respectively. Cardiac markers of the patients were found to be normal. Then, patients were divided into two subgroups according to symptom onset after consumption (less than 6 hr and more than 6 hr). When the two groups were compared, prevalence of tachycardia was significantly higher in Group II. Additionally, the interval between mushroom consumption and onset of symptoms was strongly correlated with blood pressure (BP). As this interval prolonged, BP of the patients tended to increase. In conclusion, according to our results, although mechanisms need to be clarified, MP causes hypertension and ECG alterations, particularly tachycardia in patients with late‐onset symptoms.
Lithium treatment and cancer incidence in bipolar disorder
Authors: Martinsson Lina , Westman Jeanette , Hällgren Jonas , Ösby Urban , Backlund Lena 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate whether there is an increased risk of cancer associated with lithium treatment in patients with bipolar disorder compared to the general population.MethodsA nationwide Swedish register study of incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of total cancer and site‐specific cancer in the 50–84‐year age range was carried out in patients with bipolar disorder (n = 5,442) with and without lithium treatment from July 2005 to December 2009 compared to the general population using linked information from The Swedish Cancer Register, The National Patient Register, and The Drug Prescription Register.ResultsThe overall cancer risk was not increased in patients with bipolar disorder. There was no difference in risk of unspecified cancer, neither in patients with lithium treatment compared to the general population [IRR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–1.23] nor in patients with bipolar disorder without lithium treatment compared to the general population (IRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.89–1.19). The cancer risk was significantly increased in patients with bipolar disorder without lithium treatment in the digestive organs (IRR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.12–1.93), in the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs (IRR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.11–2.66), and in the endocrine glands and related structures (IRR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.24–5.47), but in patients with bipolar disorder with lithium treatment, there was no significantly increased cancer risk compared to the general population.ConclusionsBipolar disorder was not associated with increased cancer incidence and neither was lithium treatment in these patients. Specifically, there was an increased risk of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and endocrine cancer in patients with bipolar disorder without lithium treatment.
Central Pain Following Cord Severance for Cephalosomatic Anastomosis
Authors: Canavero Sergio , Bonicalzi Vincenzo 
Published: February 2016

SummaryOne of the key obstacles to a successful head transplant is the possible onset of central pain, a chronic pain condition that would impair the quality of life of the transplantee. In this review, we provide the reader with a knowledge of this neglected aspect of the head transplant initiative and outline the management should this eventuality occur.
‘Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour’‐like dedifferentiation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mason Emily F , Fletcher Christopher D M , Sholl Lynette M 
Published: February 2016

AimsAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) functions as an oncogenic driver in a subset of haematopoietic, epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Activation of ALK most commonly occurs through gene fusion events, the presence of which predicts response to ALK‐targeted inhibitors in some tumour types. Echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 (EML4)–ALK fusions represent the majority of ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinomas and were, until recently, thought to be exclusive to that tumour type. However, recent work has identified EML4–ALK fusions in ~20% of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs), particularly in those arising in the lung. Here, we present a patient with an ALK‐rearranged poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma with a predominant sarcomatoid component that was morphologically indistinguishable from IMT.Methods and resultsTargeted next‐generation sequencing revealed EML4–ALK rearrangements in both components, with identical fusion sequences. Copy number analysis demonstrated focal gain of the MYC gene in the IMT‐like component. The findings support a diagnosis of ALK‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with IMT‐like dedifferentiation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ALK‐driven epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms exist on a morphological spectrum, and emphasize the need to consider translocation testing in pulmonary tumours with unusual sarcomatoid morphology.
One size fits all? Determinants of sperm transfer in a highly dimorphic orb‐web spider
Authors: Assis B. A. , Foellmer M. W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe evolutionary significance of widespread hypo‐allometric scaling of genital traits in combination with rapid interspecific genital trait divergence has been of key interest to evolutionary biologists for many years and remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a detailed assessment of quantitative genital trait variation in males and females of the sexually highly dimorphic and cannibalistic orb‐weaving spider Argiope aurantia. We then test how this trait variation relates to sperm transfer success. In particular, we test specific predictions of the one‐size‐fits‐all and lock‐and‐key hypotheses for the evolution of genital characters. We use video‐taped staged matings in a controlled environment with subsequent morphological microdissections and sperm count analyses. We find little support for the prediction of the one‐size‐fits‐all hypothesis for the evolution of hypo‐allometric scaling of genital traits, namely that intermediate trait dimensions confer highest sperm transfer success. Likewise, our findings do not support the prediction of the lock‐and‐key hypothesis that a tight fit of male and female genital traits mediates highest sperm transfer success. We do, however, detect directional effects of a number of male and female genital characters on sperm transfer, suggesting that genital trait dimensions are commonly under selection in nature. Importantly, even though females are much larger than males, spermatheca size limits the number of sperm transferred, contradicting a previous hypothesis about the evolutionary consequences of genital size dimorphism in extremely size‐dimorphic taxa. We also find strong positive effects of male body size and copulation duration on the probability of sperm transfer and the number of sperm transferred, with implications for the evolution of extreme sexual size dimorphism and sexual cannibalism in orb weavers.
Coffee consumption protects against progression in liver cirrhosis and increases long‐term survival after liver transplantation
Authors: Friedrich Kilian , Smit Mark , Wannhoff Andreas , Rupp Christian , Scholl Sabine G. , Antoni Christoph , Dollinger Matthias , Neumann‐Haefelin Christoph , Stremmel Wolfgang , Weiss Karl Heinz , Schemmer Peter , Gotthardt Daniel Nils 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic options to treat progression of end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) or improve long‐term survival after liver transplantation remain scarce. We investigated the impact of coffee consumption under these conditions.MethodsWe recorded coffee consumption habits of 379 patients with ESLD awaiting liver transplantation and 260 patients after liver transplantation. Survival was analyzed based on coffee intake.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐five patients with ESLD consumed coffee on a daily basis, while 184 patients did not. Actuarial survival was impaired (P = 0.041) in non‐coffee drinkers (40.4 ± 4.3 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.0–48.9) compared with coffee drinkers (54.9 ± 5.5 months, 95% CI: 44.0–65.7). In subgroup analysis, the survival of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD; P = 0.020) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC; P = 0.017) was increased with coffee intake while unaffected in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (P = 0.517) or other liver disease entities (P = 0.652). Multivariate analysis showed that coffee consumption of PSC and ALD patients retained as an independent risk factor (odds ratio [OR]: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.15–3.28; P = 0.013) along with MELD score (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09–1.17; P = 0.000). Following liver transplantation, long‐term survival was longer in coffee drinkers (coffee: 61.8 ± 2.0 months, 95% CI: 57.9–65.8) than non‐drinkers (52.3 ± 3.5 months, 95% CI: 45.4–59.3; P = 0.001).ConclusionsCoffee consumption delayed disease progression in ALD and PSC patients with ESLD and increased long‐term survival after liver transplantation. We conclude that regular coffee intake might be recommended for these patients.
An exploration of the correlates of nurse practitioners’ clinical decision‐making abilities
Authors: Chen Shiah‐Lian , Hsu Hsiu‐Ying , Chang Chin‐Fu , Lin Esther Ching‐Lan 
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study investigated nurse practitioners’ clinical decision‐making abilities and the factors that affect these abilities.BackgroundNurse practitioners play an important role in clinical care decision‐making; however, studies exploring the factors that affect their decision‐making abilities are lacking.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive survey was employed.MethodsA purposive sample of 197 nurse practitioners was recruited from a medical centre in central Taiwan. Structured questionnaires consisting of the Knowledge Readiness Scale, the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and the Clinical Decision‐Making Model Inventory were used to collect data.ResultsThe intuitive‐analytical type was the most commonly used decision‐making model, and the intuitive type was the least frequently used model. The decision‐making model used was significantly related to the nurse practitioners’ work unit. Significant differences were noted between the nurse practitioners’ clinical decision‐making models and their critical thinking dispositions (openness and empathy). The nurse practitioners’ years of work experience, work unit, professional knowledge and critical thinking disposition (openness and empathy as well as holistic and reflective dispositions) predicted the nurse practitioners’ analytical decision‐making scores. Age, years of nurse practitioner work experience, work unit and critical thinking disposition (holistic and reflective) predicted the nurse practitioners’ intuitive decision‐making scores.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the topic of clinical decision‐making by describing various types of nurse practitioner decision‐making. The factors associated with analytic and intuitive decision‐making scores were identified. These findings might be beneficial when planning continuing education programmes to enhance the clinical decision‐making abilities of nurse practitioners.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study results showed that nurse practitioners demonstrated various clinical decision‐making types across different work units. Consideration of nurse practitioners’ knowledge readiness and their specific needs while planning on‐duty education programmes is necessary.