bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical controllability of complex networks
Authors: Wang Le-Zhi , Chen Yu-Zhong , Wang Wen-Xu , Lai Ying-Cheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA challenging problem in network science is to control complex networks. In existing frameworks of structural or exact controllability, the ability to steer a complex network toward any desired state is measured by the minimum number of required driver nodes. However, if we implement actual control by imposing input signals on the minimum set of driver nodes, an unexpected phenomenon arises: due to computational or experimental error there is a great probability that convergence to the final state cannot be achieved. In fact, the associated control cost can become unbearably large, effectively preventing actual control from being realized physically. The difficulty is particularly severe when the network is deemed controllable with a small number of drivers. Here we develop a physical controllability framework based on the probability of achieving actual control. Using a recently identified fundamental chain structure underlying the control energy, we offer strategies to turn physically uncontrollable networks into physically controllable ones by imposing slightly augmented set of input signals on properly chosen nodes. Our findings indicate that, although full control can be theoretically guaranteed by the prevailing structural controllability theory, it is necessary to balance the number of driver nodes and control cost to achieve physical control.
Identifying a gene expression signature of cluster headache in blood
Authors: Eising Else , Pelzer Nadine , Vijfhuizen Lisanne S. , Vries Boukje de , Ferrari Michel D. , ‘t Hoen Peter A. C. , Terwindt Gisela M. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCluster headache is a relatively rare headache disorder, typically characterized by multiple daily, short-lasting attacks of excruciating, unilateral (peri-)orbital or temporal pain associated with autonomic symptoms and restlessness. To better understand the pathophysiology of cluster headache, we used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways in whole blood of patients with episodic (n = 19) or chronic (n = 20) cluster headache in comparison with headache-free controls (n = 20). Gene expression data were analysed by gene and by module of co-expressed genes with particular attention to previously implicated disease pathways including hypocretin dysregulation. Only moderate gene expression differences were identified and no associations were found with previously reported pathogenic mechanisms. At the level of functional gene sets, associations were observed for genes involved in several brain-related mechanisms such as GABA receptor function and voltage-gated channels. In addition, genes and modules of co-expressed genes showed a role for intracellular signalling cascades, mitochondria and inflammation. Although larger study samples may be required to identify the full range of involved pathways, these results indicate a role for mitochondria, intracellular signalling and inflammation in cluster headache.
Juvenile hormone biosynthesis in adult Blattella germanica requires nuclear receptors Seven-up and FTZ-F1
Authors: Borras-Castells Ferran , Nieva Claudia , Maestro José L. , Maestro Oscar , Belles Xavier , Martín David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn insects, the transition from juvenile development to the adult stage is controlled by juvenile hormone (JH) synthesized from the corpora allata (CA) glands. Whereas a JH-free period during the last juvenile instar triggers metamorphosis and the end of the growth period, the reappearance of this hormone after the imaginal molt marks the onset of reproductive adulthood. Despite the importance of such transition, the regulatory mechanism that controls it remains mostly unknown. Here, using the hemimetabolous insect Blattella germanica, we show that nuclear hormone receptors Seven-up-B (BgSvp-B) and Fushi tarazu-factor 1 (BgFTZ-F1) have essential roles in the tissue- and stage-specific activation of adult CA JH-biosynthetic activity. Both factors are highly expressed in adult CA cells. Moreover, RNAi-knockdown of either BgSvp-B or BgFTZ-F1 results in adult animals with a complete block in two critical JH-dependent reproductive processes, vitellogenesis and oogenesis. We show that this reproductive blockage is the result of a dramatic impairment of JH biosynthesis, due to the CA-specific reduction in the expression of two key JH biosynthetic enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase-1 (BgHMG-S1) and HMG-reductase (BgHMG-R). Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the specific changes in the CA gland necessary for the proper transition to adulthood.
Crystal Structure of StnA for the Biosynthesis of Antitumor Drug Streptonigrin Reveals a Unique Substrate Binding Mode
Authors: Qian Tianle , Wo Jing , Zhang Yan , Song Quanwei , Feng Guoqiang , Luo Ray , Lin Shuangjin , Wu Geng , Chen Hai-Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStreptonigrin methylesterase A (StnA) is one of the tailoring enzymes that modify the aminoquinone skeleton in the biosynthesis pathway ofStreptomycesspecies. Although StnA has no significant sequence homology with the reported α/β-fold hydrolases, it shows typical hydrolytic activityin vivoandin vitro. In order to reveal its functional characteristics, the crystal structures of the selenomethionine substituted StnA (SeMet-StnA) and the complex (S185A mutant) with its substrate were resolved to the resolution of 2.71 Å and 2.90 Å, respectively. The overall structure of StnA can be described as an α-helix cap domain on top of a common α/β hydrolase domain. The substrate methyl ester of 10′-demethoxystreptonigrin binds in a hydrophobic pocket that mainly consists of cap domain residues and is close to the catalytic triad Ser185-His349-Asp308. The transition state is stabilized by an oxyanion hole formed by the backbone amides of Ala102 and Leu186. The substrate binding appears to be dominated by interactions with several specific hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bonds in the cap domain. The molecular dynamics simulation and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the important roles of the key interacting residues in the cap domain. Structural alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis indicate that StnA represents a new subfamily of lipolytic enzymes with the specific binding pocket located at the cap domain instead of the interface between the two domains.
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon monoliths from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carbon nanotubes as electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Fugetsu Bunshi , Wang Zhipeng , Gong Wei , Sakata Ichiro , Morimoto Shingo , Hashimoto Yoshio , Endo Morinobu , Dresselhaus Mildred , Terrones Mauricio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNitrogen-doped porous activated carbon monoliths (NDP-ACMs) have long been the most desirable materials for supercapacitors. Unique to the conventional template based Lewis acid/base activation methods, herein, we report on a simple yet practicable novel approach to production of the three-dimensional NDP-ACMs (3D-NDP-ACMs). Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) contained carbon nanotubes (CNTs), being pre-dispersed into a tubular level of dispersions, were used as the starting material and the 3D-NDP-ACMs were obtained via a template-free process. First, a continuous mesoporous PAN/CNT based 3D monolith was established by using a template-free temperature-induced phase separation (TTPS). Second, a nitrogen-doped 3D-ACM with a surface area of 613.8 m2/g and a pore volume 0.366 cm3/g was obtained. A typical supercapacitor with our 3D-NDP-ACMs as the functioning electrodes gave a specific capacitance stabilized at 216 F/g even after 3000 cycles, demonstrating the advantageous performance of the PAN/CNT based 3D-NDP-ACMs.
Atomization of High-Viscosity Fluids for Aromatherapy Using Micro-heaters for Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation
Authors: Law Junhui , Kong Ka Wai , Chan Ho-Yin , Sun Winston , Li Wen Jung , Chau Eric Boa Fung , Chan George Kak Man 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe development of a novel lead-free microelectromechanical-system (MEMS)-based atomizer using the principle of thermal bubble actuation is presented. It is a low-cost, lead-free design that is environmentally friendly and harmless to humans. It has been tested to be applicable over a wide range of fluid viscosities, ranging from 1 cP (e.g., water) to 200 cP (e.g., oil-like fluid) at room temperature, a range that is difficult to achieve using ordinary atomizers. The results demonstrate that the average power consumption of the atomizer is approximately 1 W with an atomization rate of 0.1 to 0.3 mg of deionized (DI) water per cycle. The relationships between the micro-heater track width and the track gap, the size of the micro-cavities and the nucleation energy were studied to obtain an optimal atomizer design. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) results indicate that the diameter of the ejected droplets ranges from 30 to 90 μm with a speed of 20 to 340 mm/s. In addition, different modes of spraying are reported for the first time. It is envisioned that the successful development of this MEMS-based atomizing technology will revolutionize the existing market for atomizers and could also benefit different industries, particularly in applications involving viscous fluids.
Traces of an ancient immune system – how an injured arthropod survived 465 million years ago
Authors: Schoenemann Brigitte , Clarkson Euan N. K. , Høyberget Magne 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis report of a severely injured trilobite from the Middle Ordovician (~465 Ma) accords with a number of similar observations of healed lesions observed in trilobites. The uniqueness of the specimen described here is that the character of the repair-mechanisms is reflected by the secondarily built structures, which form the new surface of the ruptured compound eye. Smooth, repaired areas inside the visual surface advert to a clotting principle, rather similar to those of today, and the way in which broken parts of the exoskeleton fused during restoration seem to simulate modern samples. The irregularity and variance of newly inserted visual units indicate the severity of the injury, which, most probably, was caused by a predatory attack, presumably by a cephalopod; these were most likely, the top predators of the Ordovician. Furthermore, the state of the moulted cephalon tells the dramatic struggle of an organism that lived in the Palaeozoic, to survive. In sum the specimen analysed here is evidence of an ancient clotting mechanism not dissimilar to those of today, rapidly preventing any exsanguination and the breakdown of osmoregulation of this marine arthropod.
Nucleoplasmin-like domain of FKBP39 from Drosophila melanogaster forms a tetramer with partly disordered tentacle-like C-terminal segments
Authors: Kozłowska Małgorzata , Tarczewska Aneta , Jakób Michał , Bystranowska Dominika , Taube Michał , Kozak Maciej , Czarnocki-Cieciura Mariusz , Dziembowski Andrzej , Orłowski Marek , Tkocz Katarzyna , Ożyhar Andrzej 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNucleoplasmins are a nuclear chaperone family defined by the presence of a highly conserved N-terminal core domain. X-ray crystallographic studies of isolated nucleoplasmin core domains revealed a β-propeller structure consisting of a set of five monomers that together form a stable pentamer. Recent studies on isolated N-terminal domains fromDrosophila39-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP39) and from other chromatin-associated proteins showed analogous, nucleoplasmin-like (NPL) pentameric structures. Here, we report that the NPL domain of the full-length FKBP39 does not form pentameric complexes. Multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation (SE AUC) analyses of the molecular mass of the full-length protein indicated that FKBP39 forms homotetrameric complexes. Molecular models reconstructed from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that the NPL domain forms a stable, tetrameric core and that FK506-binding domains are linked to it by intrinsically disordered, flexible chains that form tentacle-like segments. Analyses of full-length FKBP39 and its isolated NPL domain suggested that the distal regions of the polypeptide chain influence and determine the quaternary conformation of the nucleoplasmin-like protein. These results provide new insights regarding the conserved structure of nucleoplasmin core domains and provide a potential explanation for the importance of the tetrameric structural organization of full-length nucleoplasmins.
MiR-218 targets MeCP2 and inhibits heroin seeking behavior
Authors: Yan Biao , Hu Zhaoyang , Yao Wenqing , Le Qiumin , Xu Bo , Liu Xing , Ma Lan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of evolutionarily conserved, 18–25 nucleotide non-coding sequences that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Recent studies implicated their roles in the regulation of neuronal functions, such as learning, cognition and memory formation. Here we report that miR-218 inhibits heroin-induced behavioral plasticity. First, network propagation-based method was used to predict candidate miRNAs that played potential key roles in regulating drug addiction-related genes. Microarray screening was also carried out to identify miRNAs responding to chronic heroin administration in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Among the collapsed miRNAs, top-ranked miR-218 was decreased after chronic exposure to heroin. Lentiviral overexpression of miR-218 in NAc could inhibit heroin-induced reinforcement in both conditioned place preference (CPP) test and heroin self-administration experiments. Luciferase activity assay indicated that miR-218 could regulate 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTR) of multiple neuroplasticity-related genes and directly target methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2). Consistently, Mecp2308/y mice exhibited reduced heroin seeking behavior in CPP test. These data reveal a functional role of miR-218 and its target, MeCP2, in the regulation of heroin-induced behavioral plasticity.
Mechanism, reactivity, and regioselectivity in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening reactions of oxabicyclic alkenes: a DFT Investigation
Authors: Qi Zheng-Hang , Zhang Yi , Gao Yun , Zhang Ye , Wang Xing-Wang , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe origin of the enantio- and regioselectivity of ring-opening reaction of oxabicyclic alkenes catalyzed by rhodium/Josiphos has been examined using M06-2X density functional theory(DFT). DFT calculations predict a 98% ee for the enantioselectivity and only the 1,2-trans product as one regio- and diastereomer, in excellent agreement with experimental results. The solvent tetrahydrofuran(THF) plays a key role in assisting nucleophilic attack. Orbital composition analysis of the LUMO and the NPA atomic charge calculations were conducted to probe the origins of the regioselectivity. The orbital composition analysis reveals two potential electrophilic sites of the Rh–π-allyl intermediate M3 and the NPA atomic charges demonstrate that Cα carries more positive charges than Cγ, which suggests that Cα is the electrophilic site.
The “curved lead pathway” method to enable a single lead to reach any two intracranial targets
Authors: Ding Chen-Yu , Yu Liang-hong , Lin Yuan-Xiang , Chen Fan , Lin Zhang-Ya , Kang De-Zhi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDeep brain stimulation is an effective way to treat movement disorders, and a powerful research tool for exploring brain functions. This report proposes a “curved lead pathway” method for lead implantation, such that a single lead can reach in sequence to any two intracranial targets. A new type of stereotaxic system for implanting a curved lead to the brain of human/primates was designed, the auxiliary device needed for this method to be used in rat/mouse was fabricated and verified in rat, and the Excel algorithm used for automatically calculating the necessary parameters was implemented. This “curved lead pathway” method of lead implantation may complement the current method, make lead implantation for multiple targets more convenient, and expand the experimental techniques of brain function research.
Influences of calcium silicate on chemical forms and subcellular distribution of cadmium in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.
Authors: Lu Huanping , Li Zhian , Wu Jingtao , Shen Yong , Li Yingwen , Zou Bi , Tang Yetao , Zhuang Ping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium silicate (CS) on the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in grain amaranths (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Cv. ‘K112’) grown in a Cd contaminated soil. Results showed that the dry weight and the photosynthetic pigments contents in grain amaranths increased significantly with the increasing doses of CS treatments, with the highest value found for the treatment of CS3 (1.65 g/kg). Compared with the control, application of CS4 (3.31 g/kg) significantly reduced Cd concentrations in the roots, stems and leaves of grain amaranths by 68%, 87% and 89%, respectively. At subcellular level, CS treatment resulted in redistribution of Cd, higher percentages of Cd in the chloroplast and soluble fractions in leaves of grain amaranths were found, while lower proportions of Cd were located at the cell wall of the leaves. The application of CS enhanced the proportions of pectate and protein integrated forms of Cd and decreased the percentages of water soluble Cd potentially associated with toxicity in grain amaranths. Changes of free Cd ions into inactive forms sequestered in subcellular compartments may indicate an important mechanism of CS for alleviating Cd toxicity and accumulation in plants.
The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Enhances Information Sharing and Group Decision Making Quality
Authors: De Wilde Tim R. W. , Ten Velden Femke S. , De Dreu Carsten K. W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGroups can make better decisions than individuals when members cooperatively exchange and integrate their uniquely held information and insights. However, under conformity pressures group members are biased towards exchanging commonly known information, and away from exchanging unique information, thus undermining group decision-making quality. At the neurobiological level, conformity associates with the neuropeptide oxytocin. A double-blind placebo controlled study found no evidence for oxytocin induced conformity. Compared to placebo groups, three-person groups whose members received intranasal oxytocin, focused more on unique information (i) and repeated this information more often (ii). These findings reveal oxytocin as a neurobiological driver of group decision-making processes.
Multi-cellular natural killer (NK) cell clusters enhance NK cell activation through localizing IL-2 within the cluster
Authors: Kim Miju , Kim Tae-Jin , Kim Hye Mi , Doh Junsang , Lee Kyung-Mi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMulti-cellular cluster formation of natural killer (NK) cells occurs during in vivo priming and potentiates their activation to IL-2. However, the precise mechanism underlying this synergy within NK cell clusters remains unclear. We employed lymphocyte-laden microwell technologies to modulate contact-mediated multi-cellular interactions among activating NK cells and to quantitatively assess the molecular events occurring in multi-cellular clusters of NK cells. NK cells in social microwells, which allow cell-to-cell contact, exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling compared with those in lonesome microwells, which prevent intercellular contact. Further, CD25, an IL-2R α chain, and lytic granules of NK cells in social microwells were polarized toward MTOC. Live cell imaging of lytic granules revealed their dynamic and prolonged polarization toward neighboring NK cells without degranulation. These results suggest that IL-2 bound on CD25 of one NK cells triggered IL-2 signaling of neighboring NK cells. These results were further corroborated by findings that CD25-KO NK cells exhibited lower proliferation than WT NK cells, and when mixed with WT NK cells, underwent significantly higher level of proliferation. These data highlights the existence of IL-2 trans-presentation between NK cells in the local microenvironment where the availability of IL-2 is limited.
Inertia compensation scheme of WTS considering time delay for emulating large‐inertia turbines
Authors: Yin Minghui , Li Weijie , Chung Chi Yung , Chen Zaiyu , Zou Yun 
Published: January 2017

Wind turbine simulators (WTSs), devised for pre‐validation of control strategies for wind energy conversion system, commonly employ the inertia compensation scheme for reproducing mechanical behaviours similar to real wind turbines (WTs). However, it is found in this study that when a WT with large inertia is simulated, the time delay in command communication from control unit to motor driver, usually neglected in the existing inertia compensation scheme, results in the oscillating acceleration response and consequently leads to instability of the WTS system. As a result, the existing WTS is unable to stably simulate large‐inertia WTs, which significantly limits its applicability. Hence, in this study, a linear discrete model of the inertia compensation part that considers time delay of acceleration observation and communication is developed. On the basis of this model, an improved inertia compensation scheme in which a high‐order filter is introduced to eliminate the deviation of acceleration response caused by the two types of time delay is proposed. Finally, the improved inertia compensation scheme and its applicability to simulating a 600 kW WT developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory are experimentally verified.
Developmental pruning of excitatory synaptic inputs to parvalbumin interneurons in monkey prefrontal cortex
Authors: Chung Daniel W. , Wills Zachary P. , Fish Kenneth N. , Lewis David A. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Synaptic pruning in primate prefrontal cortical circuitry has been proposed to contribute to working memory maturation. However, pruning of excitatory synapses has only been shown on pyramidal neurons despite the well-recognized role of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in working memory. Moreover, in schizophrenia, working memory deficits are thought to result from disturbances in the maturation of PV interneurons. Here we demonstrate in the monkey prefrontal cortex that excitatory synapses on PV interneurons are pruned across adolescence, the remaining synapses are strengthened, and splicing of erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) may mediate these effects. These findings provide a developmental context for deficient excitatory synaptic inputs to PV interneurons in schizophrenia and implicate dysregulated ErbB4 splicing as a potential molecular mechanism underlying this process.
Real bounds and quasisymmetric rigidity of multicritical circle maps
Authors: Estevez Gabriela , de Faria Edson 
Published: January 2017

Let

f
,
g
:

S
1

→

S
1

f, g:S^1\to S^1

be two

C
3

C^3

critical homeomorphisms of the circle with the same irrational rotation number and the same (finite) number of critical points, all of which are assumed to be non-flat, of power-law type. In this paper we prove that if

h
:

S
1

→

S
1

h:S^1\to S^1

is a topological conjugacy between

f
f

and

g
g

and

h
h

maps the critical points of

f
f

to the critical points of

g
g

, then

h
h

is quasisymmetric. When the power-law exponents at all critical points are integers, this result is a special case of a general theorem recently proved by T. Clark and S. van Strien preprint, 2014. However, unlike their proof, which relies on heavy complex-analytic machinery, our proof uses purely real-variable methods and is valid for non-integer critical exponents as well. We do not require

h
h

to preserve the power-law exponents at corresponding critical points.