bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disc nucleus fortification for lumbar degenerative disc disease: a biomechanical study
Authors: Dupré Derrick A. , Cook Daniel J. , Brad Bellotte J. , Oh Michael Y. , Whiting Donald , Cheng Boyle C. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Spinal stability is attributed in part to osteoligamentous structures, including the vertebral body, facets, intervertebral discs, and posterior elements. The materials in this study provide an opportunity to augment the degenerated nucleus without removing native disc material, a procedure introduced here as “fortification.” The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nucleus fortification on lumbar disc biomechanics.

METHODS
The authors performed in vitro analysis of human cadaveric functional spinal units (FSUs), along with characterization and quantification of movement of the units using biomechanical data in intact, disc-only, and fortified specimens. The units underwent removal of all posterior elements and annulus and were fortified by injecting a biogel into the nucleus pulposus. Each specimen was subjected to load testing, range of motion (ROM) quantification, and disc bulge measurements. Optoelectric tracking was used to quantify disc bulge. These criteria were assessed in the intact, disc-only, and fortified treatments.

RESULTS
Disc-only FSUs resulted in increased ROM when compared with intact and fortified conditions. Fortification of the FSU resulted in partial restoration of normal ROM in the treatment groups. Analysis of hysteresis loops showed more linear response in the fortified groups when compared with the intact and disc-only groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Disc nucleus fortification increases linearity and decreases ROM.
A pilot study of the utility of a laboratory-based spinal fixation training program for neurosurgical residents
Authors: Sundar Swetha J. , Healy Andrew T. , Kshettry Varun R. , Mroz Thomas E. , Schlenk Richard , Benzel Edward C. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Pedicle and lateral mass screw placement is technically demanding due to complex 3D spinal anatomy that is not easily visualized. Neurosurgical and orthopedic surgery residents must be properly trained in such procedures, which can be associated with significant complications and associated morbidity. Current training in pedicle and lateral mass screw placement involves didactic teaching and supervised placement in the operating room. The objective of this study was to assess whether teaching residents to place pedicle and lateral mass screws using navigation software, combined with practice using cadaveric specimens and Sawbones models, would improve screw placement accuracy.

METHODS
This was a single-blinded, prospective, randomized pilot study with 8 junior neurosurgical residents and 2 senior medical students with prior neurosurgery exposure. Both the study group and the level of training-matched control group (each group with 4 level of training-matched residents and 1 senior medical student) were exposed to a standardized didactic education regarding spinal anatomy and screw placement techniques. The study group was exposed to an additional pilot program that included a training session using navigation software combined with cadaveric specimens and accessibility to Sawbones models.

RESULTS
A statistically significant reduction in overall surgical error was observed in the study group compared with the control group (p = 0.04). Analysis by spinal region demonstrated a significant reduction in surgical error in the thoracic and lumbar regions in the study group compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). The study group also was observed to place screws more optimally in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions (p = 0.02, p = 0.04, and p = 0.04, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical resident education in pedicle and lateral mass screw placement is a priority for training programs. This study demonstrated that compared with a didactic-only training model, using navigation simulation with cadavers and Sawbones models significantly reduced the number of screw placement errors in a laboratory setting.
The 100 most-cited articles in spinal oncology
Authors: De la Garza-Ramos Rafael , Benvenutti-Regato Mario , Caro-Osorio Enrique 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
The authors' objective was to identify the 100 most-cited research articles in the field of spinal oncology.

METHODS
The Thomson Reuters Web of Science service was queried for the years 1864–2015 without language restrictions. Articles were sorted in descending order of the number of times they were cited by other studies, and all titles and abstracts were screened to identify the research areas of the top 100 articles. Levels of evidence were assigned on the basis of the North American Spine Society criteria.

RESULTS
The authors identified the 100 most-cited articles in spinal oncology, which collectively had been cited 20,771 times at the time of this writing. The oldest article on this top 100 list had been published in 1931, and the most recent in 2008; the most prolific decade was the 1990s, with 34 articles on this list having been published during that period. There were 4 studies with Level I evidence, 3 with Level II evidence, 9 with Level III evidence, 70 with Level IV evidence, and 2 with Level V evidence; levels of evidence were not assigned to 12 studies because they were not on therapeutic, prognostic, or diagnostic topics. Thirty-one unique journals contributed to the 100 articles, with the Journal of Neurosurgery contributing most of the articles (n = 25). The specialties covered included neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, neurology, radiation oncology, and pathology. Sixty-seven articles reported clinical outcomes. The most common country of article origin was the United States (n = 62), followed by Canada (n = 8) and France (n = 7). The most common topics were spinal metastases (n = 35), intramedullary tumors (n = 18), chordoma (n = 17), intradural tumors (n = 7), vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty (n = 7), primary bone tumors (n = 6), and others (n = 10). One researcher had authored 6 studies on the top 100 list, and 7 authors had 3 studies each on this list.

CONCLUSIONS
This study identified the 100 most-cited research articles in the area of spinal oncology. The studies highlighted the multidisciplinary and multimodal nature of spinal tumor management. Recognition of historical articles may guide future spinal oncology research.
Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant status of <i>Loranthus pulverulentus</i> obtained from two different hosts
Authors: Kamran Sairah Hafeez , Ahmad Mobasher , Shahwar Durre , Ajaib Muhammad 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">Leaves of<em> Loranthus pulverulentus</em> have been used ethnically in Pakistan for controlling blood glucose levels. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant potential of the methanolic extracted fractions of <em>L. pulverulentus</em> obtained from two different hosts’ viz. <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> and <em>Populus nigra</em>. The acute study demonstrated that <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) leaves possess significant blood glucose lowering effect whereas <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>P. nigra</em>) was didn’t significantly decreased blood glucose levels. The n-butanol fraction of <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) also significantly increased<em> in vivo</em> total anti-oxidant activity on eighth day after treatment and blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (%46.7) when compared to the control diabetic group (%↑198.1) and metformin treated group (%↓25.9). Leaves of <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) have good margin of safety as therapeutic index is 3.5. This study provides scientific evidence that leaves of<em> L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) possess potential anti-diabetic activity whereas <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>P. nigra</em>) was not found effective in diabetic illness.</p><p> </p>
Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic leaf extract of <i>Rumex vesicarius</i>
Authors: Khan Imran Ahmad , Janbaz Khalid Hussain , Saqib Fatima 
Published: January 2016

<p>This study evaluates the antidiarrheal activity of <em>Rumex vesicarius</em> (leaf) by using in vitro and in vivo assays. Antidiarrheal effect of <em>R. vesicarius</em> was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rat. Weight and volume of the intestinal content were assessed using the enteropooling method. Atropine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was used as positive control. <em>R. Vesicarius</em> at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. significantly retarded castor oil-induced enteropooling and intestinal transit. The gastrointestinal transit rate was studied and <em>R. vesicarius</em> at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited (p&lt;0.001) weight and volume of intestinal content. <em>R. vesicarius</em> caused concentration-dependent (0.01–1 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum tissue preparation and inhibited K<sup>+</sup>-80 induced contractions (0.01-5 mg/mL), similar to verapamil, suggestive of calcium channel blockade. Results obtained herein indicate that <em>R. vesicarius</em> may contain effective compounds which can be used as an antidiarrheal agent.</p>
Design and synthesis of triazolyl-napthyl derivative of β-amyrin and its <i>in vitro</i> anti-cancer and apoptotic activities in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HK-1) cell line
Authors: Li Zhen , Ge Hong-Zhou , Xie Yong-Gang , Li Shi 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this research work was to design and synthesize triazolyl-napthyl derivative of β-amyrin (TNB) using click chemistry approach. Cytotoxic activity of TNB was evaluated against HK-1 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells using MTT cell viability assay. Fluorescence microscopy indicated cellular morphological changes induced by TNB. Flow cytometry was involved to demonstrate effects of this compound on cell cycle and apoptosis. The results revealed that TNB inhibited<em> in vitro</em> cancer cell growth in dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of TNB at 24 and 48 hours time intervals were found to be 47.2 and 32.5 µM respectively. TNB-treated cells exhibited significant dense staining fragmentation called apoptotic bodies, which inferred an early apoptotic event. DNA ladder was more apparent with the increasing TNB dose. However, no DNA fragments were observed in the control groups. TNB also induced sub-G1 cell cycle arrest and increased fraction of HK-1 apoptotic cells.</p><p> </p>
Una brocca di bronzo con dedica a Numisius Martius dalla necropoli delle Saliere a Capena
Authors: Ferrante Cristina 
Published: January 2016

Dalla tomba a camera n. 180 della necropoli capenate delle Saliere, proviene una dedica a Numisius Martius, incisa sul labbro di una brocca di bronzo. L’iscrizione recita : Mar(aeus) Popi(dius) St(ati) f(ilius) N(umisio) Mart(io) d(onum) d(at) me(rito).
Mentre altri editori hanno proposto di sciogliere il prenome e il gentilizio del dedicante, rispettivamente, in Mar(cus) e Popi(us) o Popi(llius), in questa sede si sono preferite le forme Mar(aeus) e Popi(dius), che, insieme al patronimico Statius,
conferiscono una connotazione osca all’onomastica del personaggio. Il supporto su cui è inciso il testo rientra nella tipologia della brocca ovoide-carenata, già nota come Boesterd 273, il cui luogo d’origine va riconosciuto in Etruria. L’analisi del manufatto, combinata col dato epigrafico, consente di datare l’esemplare di Capena ai decenni finali del III sec. a. C. La formula di dedica rende plausibile l’ipotesi che in origine l’oggetto si trovasse in un santuario, probabilmente proprio il vicino Lucus Feroniae. Da qui, asportata forse in seguito al saccheggio annibalico del 211 a. C., la brocca potrebbe essere giunta nella tomba in un secondo momento.
Réhabiliter Tite-Live : la clause de majesté dans le traité de 189 entre Rome et les Étoliens
Authors: Giovannini Adalberto 
Published: January 2016

It is generally admitted that the notion maiestas populi Romani is first attested in the treaty of 189 BC between Rome and the Aetolians, in which the Romans obliged the Aetolians to respect the sovereignty and the majesty of the Roman people, and that this notion originally expressed the supremacy of the Romans over other peoples. But we find in Livy two mentions of this notion that are older and occur in quite different contexts : one in the famous SC of 205 BC which sent an embassy in Asia Minor with the mission to obtain, with the aid of king Attalus II of Pergamon, the stone of Pessinus, and the other in an assertion of Flamininus a few days before the proclamation of the Isthmia of 196 BC, in which the Romans granted the freedom and the autonomy to the whole Greek world. In both cases, the maiestas p. R.
does not express an act of submission imposed by the Romans to a defeated enemy, but, on the contrary, a spontaneous sentiment of friendship and gratitude that the Romans hoped to obtain from sovereign States through an appropriate diplomacy. This study is an invitation to pay more attention to the SC and other documents quoted by Livy.
À propos de la Rhétorique d’Aristote (I, 1373b 1-1374b 23), analyse du processus judiciaire. IV. Épieikeia
Authors: Bertrand Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2016

Quatrième et dernier article d’une série consacrée à l’explication d’un chapitre de la
Rhétorique d’Aristote, il traite de to épieikès, hè épieikeia, l’équitable, l’équité. Le texte est mis en parallèle avec divers passages de l’Éthique à Nicomaque (1137b 23-1138a 3 notamment) dont la difficulté a suscité des commentaires modernes divergents qui sont analysés. L’équité n’est pas la négation du droit car sa pratique s’y inscrit. L’équitable pour le plaideur est de ne pas pousser son avantage au delà du raisonnable, pour le juge de ne pas utiliser sa science juridique pour écraser le coupable au delà du nécessaire. La justice a pour fonction d’assurer la paix sociale et politique dans la cité de telle sorte que le jugement correct est celui qui se fonde fermement sur le droit tout en répondant aux besoins du moment. Les propositions d’Aristote semblent avoir inspiré la pratique des cités de l’époque hellénistique qui ont fait appel dans les moments de crise à des juges étrangers pour arbitrer les conflits entre leurs citoyens plutôt que pour y désigner par le prononcé de sentences les vainqueurs d’un affrontement procédural de telle sorte qu’ils rétablissaient l’harmonie dans le corps politique.
Le service militaire et son impact sur la société à la fin de l’époque républicaine : un état des recherches récentes
Authors: Cadiou François 
Published: January 2016

Les conséquences du service militaire sur l’évolution de la société romaine à la fin de la République constituent une question qui, en raison de son importance, est débattue depuis longtemps. Le bilan historiographique proposé ici met en évidence le renouvellement que ce débat connaît depuis plusieurs années. En particulier, il montre que tend à s’imposer, à juste titre, une vision moins négative de l’impact de la militia
sur la société à partir du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. Toutefois, si un consensus émerge pour réfuter l’idée traditionnelle d’une diminution du nombre des adsidui au cours du
IIe siècle, d’autres aspects de la question demandent encore à être davantage reconsidérés, comme par exemple la conviction de l’impopularité croissante du service militaire aux IIe et Ier siècles.
Le traité d’alliance romano-cnidien de 45 av. J.-C.
Authors: Famerie Étienne 
Published: January 2016

The recent and substantial increase of the epigraphical dossier concerning the treaties concluded between Rome and the Greek cities incites to re-examine the last edition of the treaty with Cnidus (I. Knidos, I, 33 ; 45 B. C.). The inspection of copies and squeezes gives a better text, with new readings and more secure restitutions. The study of the document, which remains fragmentary, leads to the conclusion that its length was about one hundred lines and confirms that it contained the so-called «maiestas
clause » . These facts show that this treaty was similar to the one concluded with the Lycian Confederation in 46 B. C. and the one renewed with Mytilene in 25 B. C.
La surveillance des poids et mesures par les autorités romaines : l’apport de la documentation épigraphique latine
Authors: Berrendonner Clara 
Published: January 2016

La documentation épigraphique en langue latine montre que les pouvoirs publics romains et civiques faisaient fabriquer (facere) et contrôlaient (exigere, examinare, exaequare)
des poids et mesures-références. Du côté romain, les autorités impliquées dans ce type d’activité étaient l’empereur, les édiles, le préfet de la Ville, le préfet de l’annone, les gouverneurs de province, mais aussi des services administratifs désignés par les expressions ad Articuleianum, in Capitolio et ad Castoris. Dans le cadre des cités, on voit agir les curies et les magistrats, supérieurs comme inférieurs. Comme la carte de répartition des objets contrôlés par les responsables publics romains recoupe celle des poids et mesures visés par les autorités civiques, la question des compétences respectives des deux niveaux administratifs se pose. L’article examine les différentes hypothèses qui ont pu être avancées à ce sujet (validité à l’échelle de l’empire des instruments de mesure contrôlés à Rome et validité locale des objets visés par les autorités civiques ; intervention des autorités romaines afin de promouvoir l’unification administrative de l’empire, par l’octroi ponctuel de règlements municipaux ou par des réformes générales des systèmes de poids et mesures), puis tente de comprendre l’articulation des niveaux administratifs civiques et centraux en cernant le contexte d’utilisation des poids et mesures contrôlés. Il semble ainsi que l’on puisse distinguer deux catégories d’objets, ceux destinés à garantir l’exactitude des quantités vendues et donc l’équité des transactions commerciales sur les marchés (poids et mesures marqués par les autorités civiques ou les édiles romains), et ceux utilisés pour les besoins propres de l’administration impériale (poids inscrits exactum ad Castoris et tables de mesures visées par les gouverneurs de province).
What can local and geographic population limits tell us about distributions?
Authors: Sexton Jason P. , Dickman Erin E. 
Published: January 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Understanding the evolutionary and ecological factors that determine plant distributions is of primary importance in botanical research. These factors may vary in predictable ways across different spatial scales, and thus, we can leverage scale to reveal the underlying processes limiting plant distributions.METHODS:We review various research considerations across local and geographic scales, including the investigation of dispersal and habitat limitation, evolutionary factors, abiotic and biotic factors, and research logistics. We also present two case studies, slender monkeyflower (Mimulus leptaleus) and cut‐leaf monkeyflower (Mimulus laciniatus), in the California Sierra Nevada.KEY RESULTS:At a local spatial scale (within 50 m), no seeds were produced from plants sown at sites located just beyond known patches of M. leptaleus, but within the species' geographic range. At a much broader spatial scale (kilometers), at the highest and lowest elevations of the species' range, we found greatly reduced abundance and fecundity in plants sown outside of the geographic range limits of M. laciniatus.CONCLUSIONS:These cases illustrate two contrasting spatial scales, yet agree in their illustration of strong habitat limitation. We end by discussing future avenues of research and by suggesting ways botanical researchers can frame their studies to maximize information gained on species requirements, distribution limits, and conservation among varying spatial scales.
High Kellgren-Lawrence Grade and Bone Marrow Lesions Predict Worsening Rates of Radiographic Joint Space Narrowing; The SEKOIA Study
Authors: Edwards Mark H. , Parsons Camille , Bruyère Olivier , Petit Dop Forence , Chapurlat Roland , Roemer Frank W. , Guermazi Ali , Zaim Souhil , Genant Harry , Reginster Jean-Yves , Dennison Elaine M. , Cooper Cyrus ,   The SEKOIA Study Group
Published: January 2016

Objective.Determinants of radiographic progression in osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood. We investigated which features on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acted as predictors of change in joint space width (JSW).Methods.A total of 559 men and women over the age of 50 years with clinical knee OA [Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 2–3] were recruited to the placebo arm of the SEKOIA study (98 centers; 18 countries). Minimal tibiofemoral joint space and KL grade on plain radiograph of the knee were assessed at baseline and at yearly followup up to 3 years. In a subset, serial knee MRI examinations were performed. Individuals with a bone marrow lesion (BML) ≥ grade 2 at the tibiofemoral joint at baseline were classified as BML-positive. Relationships between change in JSW and risk factors were assessed using linear regression.Results.The mean age of study participants was 62.8 (SD 7.5) years and 73% were female; 38.6% had BML. Mean baseline JSW was 3.65 mm. This reduced by 0.18 (0.30) mm/year in men and 0.13 (0.23) mm/year in women. Those with BML had a significantly higher rate of annualized change in JSW; this relationship remained robust after adjustment for age, sex, and baseline KL grade [β = −0.10 (95% CI −0.18, −0.02) mm/yr]. Age, sex, baseline KL grade, and other MRI findings did not influence the rate of change in JSW.Conclusion.The rate of change in JSW was similar in men and women. BML on knee MRI predicted the rate of radiographic change in JSW. This relationship was independent of age, sex, and baseline KL grade.
Novel Composite Radiographic Score for Longitudinal Observational Studies of Psoriatic Arthritis: A Proof-of-concept Study
Authors: Tillett William , Shaddick Gavin , Jadon Deepak , Robinson Graham , Korendowych Eleanor , McHugh Neil 
Published: January 2016

Objective.To devise a feasible composite radiographic score for use in observational studies of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods.Radiographs from 50 patients with PsA were evaluated with the PsA-modified Sharp, Sharp/van der Heijde (SvdH), and Ratingen scores. Data reductions were made to devise a concise score.Results.The Reductive X-ray Score for Psoriatic Arthritis (ReXSPA) required the assessment of only 22 joints (234 points), including erosion, joint space narrowing, and osteoproliferation in the hands and feet. The ReXSPA accounted for 80% of change detected with the SvdH score.Conclusion.We report a proof-of-concept radiographic score for observational studies derived though data reduction.