bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges Enrolling Children Into Traumatic Brain Injury Trials: An Observational Study
Authors: Stanley Rachel M. , Johnson Michael D. , Vance Cheryl , Bajaj Lalit , Babcock Lynn , Atabaki Shireen , Thomas Danny , Simon Harold K. , Cohen Daniel M. , Rubacalva Daniel , David Adelson P. , Bulloch Blake , Rogers Alexander J. , Mahajan Prashant , Baren Jill , Lee Lois , Hoyle John , Quayle Kimberly , Charles Casper T. , Michael Dean J. , Kuppermann Nathan ,   the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesIn preparation for a clinical trial of therapeutic agents for children with moderate‐to‐severe blunt traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in emergency departments (EDs), we conducted this feasibility study to (1) determine the number and clinical characteristics of eligible children, (2) determine the timing of patient and guardian arrival to the ED, and (3) describe the heterogeneity of TBIs on computed tomography (CT) scans.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study at 16 EDs of children ≤ 18 years of age presenting with blunt head trauma and Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3–12. We documented the number of potentially eligible patients, timing of patient and guardian arrival, patient demographics and clinical characteristics, severity of injuries, and cranial CT findings.ResultsWe enrolled 295 eligible children at the 16 sites over 6 consecutive months. Cardiac arrest and nonsurvivable injuries were the most common characteristics that would exclude patients from a future trial. Most children arrived within 2 hours of injury, but most guardians did not arrive until 2–3 hours after the injury. There was a substantial range in types of TBIs, with subdural hemorrhages being the most common.ConclusionEnrolling children with moderate‐to‐severe TBI into time‐sensitive clinical trials will require large numbers of sites and meticulous preparation and coordination and will prove challenging to obtain informed consent given the timing of patient and guardian arrival. The Federal Exception from Informed Consent for Emergency Research will be an important consideration for enrolling these children.
Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores do not influence Functional Independence Measure score gains in older rehabilitation patients
Authors: Bernard Sarah , Inderjeeth Charles , Raymond Warren 
Published: September 2016

AimTo assess the effect of age‐adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score on Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score gain in older rehabilitation patients.MethodsThis prospective cohort study observed 306 older rehabilitation patients admitted to a secondary hospital between February and April 2015. Groups were compared using CCI score cut‐offs of ≤4, 5–6 and ≥ 7.ResultsComplete FIM data were available for 280 patients. The mean age‐adjusted CCI score was 5.59 ± 1.96. An age‐adjusted CCI score ≤4 correlated with higher FIM scores at admission P = 0.015, and discharge P = 0.002, but not with a greater gain in FIM score P = 0.067. There were no significant between‐group differences in mortality, hospital transfers or length of stay.ConclusionThe Charlson age‐comorbidity index was not a prognostic marker for FIM gain. Age and comorbidity alone are not barriers to the rehabilitation of older patients.
Dynamic Analyses for Transmission between Asset Bubble Trends of Accumulated Co‐integration Errors
Authors: Kim Yun‐Yeong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe analyze how the bubble trends of different asset prices are dynamically transmitted between one another under a co‐integrated VAR model. The vector bubble trends are defined by a random walk trend derived from Beveridge‐Nelson decomposition allowing a co‐integration between multiple asset prices and their fundamentals. This I(1) bubble trend is connected to the no‐arbitrage condition for efficient asset pricing and is composed of Accumulated Cointegration Error (ACE). Under this setup, we may conduct dynamic analyses of the vector ACE bubble trends, which enables us to assess the interrelationships of bubbles of different assets and the dynamic role of bubbles in asset pricing. It may be critical for a preemptive policy reaction to block any possible contagion of an asset price bubble that might be harmful to the economy. Using the monthly data of the U.S. and impulse response analyses, we empirically find that (i) there are ACE bubble trends in both stock and housing prices; (ii) the stock and housing price bubbles are highly correlated with one another; (iii) stock prices are more bubble‐dependent than housing prices; and (iv) the stock bubble affects the housing bubble, but the reverse case does not hold.
Constructing Volatility Surfaces for Cross FX Rates
Authors: Yoon Jungyeon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the multi‐factor stochastic volatility model for pricing options on a cross foreign exchange (FX) rate. Given the behavior of FX implied volatilities, the lack of liquidity makes it challenging to construct a volatility surface of the cross FX rate for the purpose of pricing out‐of‐the‐money options with different maturities and various structured products. The proposed joint model consistently reproduces the volatility smile and skew for each FX rate and stochastic correlations among FX rates, while preserving the triangular relationship of FX implied volatilities. The empirical results indicate that the joint model outperforms the traditional benchmark stochastic volatility models estimated only with at‐the‐money options on the cross FX rate both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample.
Comparison of the primary cesarean hysterotomy scars after single‐ and double‐layer interrupted closure
Authors: Kataoka Soromon , Tanuma Fumie , Iwaki Yutaka , Iwaki Kurumi , Fujii Takeru , Fujimoto Toshio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionIt is unclear whether hysterotomy closure techniques can affect niche development. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of single‐layer and double‐layer interrupted closures of hysterotomy incisions during primary cesarean section on the formation of uterine niches.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study of women undergoing primary cesarean section was performed between June 2011 and July 2014. Saline contrast sonohysterography was used to measure the niche depth and residual myometrium. The ratio of the niche depth to the sum of the niche depth and residual myometrium thickness (niche ratio) was calculated.ResultsNiches were identified in 14/58 (24.1%) women with single‐layer sutures and 55/209 (26.3%) women with double‐layer sutures (p = 0.74). Single‐layer closure was associated with more than a five‐fold increase in the odds of a niche ratio ≥0.4 (odds ratio 5.59; 95% CI 1.71–18.28).ConclusionSingle‐layer closure may be associated with an increased risk of larger niches (niche ratio ≥0.4), although it may not increase the overall frequency of niche formation.
Is negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging really able to exclude significant prostate cancer? The real‐life experience
Authors: Branger Nicolas , Maubon Thomas , Traumann Miriam , Thomassin‐Piana Jeanne , Brandone Nicolas , Taix Sébastien , Touzlian Julien , Brunelle Serge , Pignot Geraldine , Salem Naji , Gravis Gwenaelle , Walz Jochen 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the histopathological results after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients that had normal preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), in order to determine whether they had significant or insignificant disease. Moreover, we evaluated the influence of the expertise of the radiologist on the results.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively included patients who underwent RP in our centre and who had a preoperative negative mpMRI. The MRIs were considered negative when no suspicious lesion was seen or when the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 1 score was <7. We used Pathological tumour‐node‐metastasis staging and Gleason score on pathology reports, and whole‐mount sections to calculate tumour volume.ResultsWe identified 101 patients from 2009 to 2015. Final pathology showed that 16.9% had extraprostatic extension, 13.8% had primary Gleason pattern 4 (4 + 3 and above), 47.5% had secondary Gleason pattern 4 or 5, and 55.9% and 20.6% had a main tumour volume of ≥0.5 and ≥2 mL, respectively. When limiting the analysis to expert reading only, the numbers improved: only one patient (3.4%) had extraprostatic extension (P < 0.05), one patient (3.4%) had primary Gleason pattern 4 (P = 0.05), and 64.7% and 5.9% had a main tumour volume of ≥0.5 and ≥2 mL, respectively (P = 0.01).ConclusionA negative MRI does not guarantee the absence of significant prostate cancer.
Quality of life and pain relief in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer on cabazitaxel: the non‐interventional ‘QoLiTime’ study
Authors: Hofheinz Ralf‐Dieter , Lange Carsten , Ecke Thorsten , Kloss Susanne , Linsse Burkhard , Windemuth‐Kieselbach Christine , Hammerer Peter , Al‐Batran Salah‐Eddin 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo examine health‐related quality of life (QoL) in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) on cabazitaxel.Patients and MethodsMen with mCRPC receiving cabazitaxel (25 mg/m², every 3 weeks) and 10 mg/day oral prednis(ol)one were enrolled (2011–2014) in the non‐interventional prospective ‘QoLiTime’ study. Primary outcome was change in QoL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30‐item) with respect to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response after four cycles of cabazitaxel. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of adverse events (AEs).ResultsOf 527 men, 348 received four cycles of cabazitaxel and 266 had the necessary PSA level measurements. After four cycles, 92 (34.6%) men had a PSA level decrease ≥50% (responders). QoL remained stable throughout the study (P = 0.62). Change in QoL did not differ between responders and non‐responders (P = 0.69). Change in PSA level and global health status between baseline and four cycles showed an inversely proportional relationship (correlation coefficient –0.14; 95% confidence interval –0.26 to –0.01; P = 0.03), with increasing PSA level corresponding to lower health status. Responders showed no change in physical functioning vs baseline (–1.75, P = 0.12); non‐responders showed a reduction vs baseline (–7.00, P < 0.001) and responders (P = 0.05). Responders showed an improvement in pain vs baseline (–7.61, P = 0.05) and vs non‐responders (P = 0.01). AEs occurred in 292 patients (55.4%), most commonly anaemia (16.5%), fatigue (12.3%) and diarrhoea (11.8%). Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were reported in 3.8% and 3.6% of patients, respectively.ConclusionProstate‐specific antigen level response was associated with stable physical functioning and improvement in pain. Symptom increases were seen in areas typical of chemotoxicity, but QoL was maintained.
Baseline morning cortisol level as a predictor of pituitary–adrenal reserve: a comparison across three assays
Authors: Sbardella Emilia , Isidori Andrea M. , Woods Conor P. , Argese Nicola , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Shine Brian , Jafar‐Mohammadi Bahram , Grossman Ashley B. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryContextThe short ACTH stimulation test (250 μg) is the dynamic test most frequently used to assess adrenal function. It is possible that a single basal cortisol could be used to predict the dynamic response, but research has been hampered by the use of different assays and thresholds.ObjectiveTo propose a morning baseline cortisol criterion of three of the most commonly used modern cortisol immunoassays – Advia Centaur (Siemens), Architect (Abbott) and the Roche Modular System (Roche) – that could predict adrenal sufficiency.DesignObservational, retrospective cross‐sectional study at two centres.Patients and MeasurementsRetrospective analysis of the results of 1019 Short Synacthen tests (SSTs) with the Advia Centaur, 449 SSTs with the Architect and 2050 SSTs with the Roche Modular System assay. Serum cortisol levels were measured prior to injection of 250 μg Synacthen and after 30 min. Overall, we were able to collate data from a total of 3518 SSTs in 3571 patients.ResultsUsing receiver–operator curve analysis, baseline cortisol levels for predicting passing the SST with 100% specificity were 358 nmol/l for Siemens, 336 nmol/l for Abbott and 506 nmol/l for Roche. Utilizing these criteria, 589, 158 and 578 SSTs, respectively, for Siemens, Abbott and Roche immunoassays could have been avoided.ConclusionsWe have defined assay‐specific morning cortisol levels that are able to predict the integrity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis. We propose that this represents a valid tool for the initial assessment of adrenal function and has the potential to obviate the need for dynamic testing in a significant number of patients.
The FREED Project (first episode and rapid early intervention in eating disorders): service model, feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Brown Amy , McClelland Jessica , Boysen Elena , Mountford Victoria , Glennon Danielle , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimEating disorders (EDs) are disabling disorders, predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults. Untreated symptoms have lasting effects on brain, body and behaviour. Care pathway‐related barriers often prevent early detection and treatment of ED. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of FREED (First Episode and Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorder), a novel service for young people (aged 18–25 years) with recent ED onset (≤3 years), embedded in a specialist adult National Health Service ED service. Specifically, we assessed the impact of FREED on duration of time until specialist service contact (DUSC), duration of untreated ED (DUED) and wait‐times for assessment and treatment compared with patients seen earlier in our service. Acceptability of FREED was also assessed.MethodsSixty individuals were recruited from September 2014 to August 2015. Fifty‐one of these were compared with 89 patients seen earlier.Results
FREED patients, from areas with minimal National Health Service gatekeeping (14/51), had markedly shorter DUSC and DUED than controls (DUSC: 12.4 months vs. 16.2 months; DUED 13.0 months vs. 19.1 months), whereas those with complex gatekeeping (37/51) had shorter DUED (17.7 months), but longer DUSC (16.9 months) than controls. FREED patients waited significantly less time for both assessment and treatment than controls, had significantly better treatment uptake and were highly satisfied with the process of starting treatment.Conclusions
FREED is a feasible and acceptable service which successfully reduced waiting times. Reductions in DUSC and DUED depend on gatekeeping arrangements. More research is required to establish clinical outcomes of FREED.
Imaging Hydrological Processes in Headwater Riparian Seeps with Time‐Lapse Electrical Resistivity
Authors: Williams Mark R. , Buda Anthony R. , Singha Kamini , Folmar Gordon J. , Elliott Herschel A. , Schmidt John P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDelineating hydrologic and pedogenic factors influencing groundwater flow in riparian zones is central in understanding pathways of water and nutrient transport. In this study, we combined two‐dimensional time‐lapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) (depth of investigation approximately 2 m) with hydrometric monitoring to examine hydrological processes in the riparian area of FD‐36, a small (0.4 km2) agricultural headwater basin in the Valley and Ridge region of east‐central Pennsylvania. We selected two contrasting study sites, including a seep with groundwater discharge and an adjacent area lacking such seepage. Both sites were underlain by a fragipan at 0.6 m. We then monitored changes in electrical resistivity, shallow groundwater, and nitrate‐N concentrations as a series of storms transitioned the landscape from dry to wet conditions. Time‐lapse ERI revealed different resistivity patterns between seep and non‐seep areas during the study period. Notably, the seep displayed strong resistivity reductions (∼60%) along a vertically aligned region of the soil profile, which coincided with strong upward hydraulic gradients recorded in a grid of nested piezometers (0.2‐ and 0.6‐m depth). These patterns suggested a hydraulic connection between the seep and the nitrate‐rich shallow groundwater system below the fragipan, which enabled groundwater and associated nitrate‐N to discharge through the fragipan to the surface. In contrast, time‐lapse ERI indicated no such connections in the non‐seep area, with infiltrated rainwater presumably perched above the fragipan. Results highlight the value of pairing time‐lapse ERI with hydrometric and water quality monitoring to illuminate possible groundwater and nutrient flow pathways to seeps in headwater riparian areas.
Collection of daily patient reported outcomes is feasible and demonstrates differential patient experience in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Pittman Zoe C. L. , John Stephen G. , McIntyre Chris W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are a critical metric documenting the impact of disease and treatment from the patient's perspective. A variety of generic and disease specific PRO measures (PROMs) are used in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but studies are primarily cross‐sectional. None of the available PROMs are designed for frequent iterative application.Methods: An online PROM for daily use in dialysis and CKD 4/5 patients was developed. The custom website utilised visual analogue scales to capture 6 PROs (general well being (GWB), pain, sleep, breathing, energy, and appetite). Outcomes of interest were uptake, response rates, intermodality variation, and change in PRO corresponding to predefined events.Findings: Forty‐three patients submitted at least once and 34 submitted beyond 30 days. Median follow‐up was 247 days, 64% male, age 62 ± 12 years. In individuals submitting for >30 days, dialysis patients had significantly worse median scores compared to CKD for sleep (47[32–80], 97[76–99], P = 0.003), appetite (66[50–96], 97[88–100], P = 0.008), energy (47[40–89], 84[67–96], P = 0.031), and GWB (63[49–94], 93[71–98], P = 0.026). Patients demonstrated a variety of stable bandwidths of response, deviations from this were associated with specific events e.g., acute admission, vascular procedures, disturbed fluid status, and dialysis start.Discussion: We successfully introduced an online, patient acceptable, iterative PROM that discriminates symptom burden, cross‐sectionally, and longitudinally. Further work will prospectively examine the predictive power of changes in PRO and more rigorously investigate the potential use of these methods to optimise patient care.
Adherence rates to ferric citrate as compared to active control in patients with end stage kidney disease on dialysis
Authors: Jalal Diana , McFadden Molly , Dwyer Jamie P. , Umanath Kausik , Aguilar Erwin , Yagil Yoram , Greco Barbara , Sika Mohammed , Lewis Julia B. , Greene Tom , Goral Simin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Oral phosphate binders are the main stay of treatment of hyperphosphatemia. Adherence rates to ferric citrate, a recently approved phosphate binder, are unknown.Methods: We conducted a post‐hoc analysis to evaluate whether adherence rates were different for ferric citrate vs. active control in 412 subjects with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) who were randomized to ferric citrate vs. active control (sevelamer carbonate and/or calcium acetate). Adherence was defined as percent of actual number of pills taken to total number of pills prescribed.Findings: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics including gender, race/ethnicity, and age between the ferric citrate and active control groups. Baseline phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels were similar. Mean (SD) adherence was 81.4% (17.4) and 81.7% (15.9) in the ferric citrate and active control groups, respectively (P = 0.88). Adherence remained similar between both groups after adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, age, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetic nephropathy (mean [95% CI]: 81.4% [78.2, 84.6] and 81.5% [77.7, 85.2] for ferric citrate and active control, respectively). Gender, race/ethnicity, age, and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy did not influence adherence to the prescribed phosphate binder. Subjects with CVD had lower adherence rates to phosphate binder; this was significant only in the active control group.Discussion: Adherence rates to the phosphate binder, ferric citrate, were similar to adherence rates to active control. Similar adherence rates to ferric citrate are notable since tolerance to active control was an entry criteria and the study was open label. Gender, race/ethnicity, nor age influenced adherence.
A meta‐analysis of sodium profiling techniques and the impact on intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Dunne Nina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction Hemodialysis has improved in recent years, however, despite such improvements, intra‐dialytic hypotensive episodes still persist which can lead to a reduction in the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Profiling sodium levels during dialysis can improve vascular refilling and therefore may prevent hypotensive events. A number of profiling methods exist and this meta‐analysis set out to examine the effectiveness of these methods.Methods To assess the effectiveness of hemodialysis sodium profiling techniques. A review and meta‐analysis analytical framework was used. A search was conducted using Medline, Embase and CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Knowledge between 1946 and 2014 of published English‐language peer reviewed randomized control studies. In total 10 articles were retrieved and included in the review. All data was abstracted with a standardized data collection form. Stata 11.2 (Stata Corp) was used to analyse the data. Actual numbers of hypotensive events were pooled between studies. Analysis of subgroups was performed on sodium profile type. The data were further investigated using meta‐regression. Publication bias was also tested.Findings Stepwise profiling was shown to be statistically significantly effective in reducing intradialytic episodes. Results demonstrated that linear sodium profiling was not effective in reducing hypotensive events during dialysis.Discussion This review has shown that using stepwise profiling is more effective at reducing intra‐dialytic symptoms than other profiling methods. There was no evidence that linear profiling method was any more effective than conventional dialysis and in fact the results showed the reverse.