bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does Life‐Cycle Assessment of agricultural products need for more meaningful inclusion of biodiversity?
Authors: Teillard Félix , Maia de Souza Danielle , Thoma Greg , Gerber Pierre J. , Finn John A. 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Decision‐makers increasingly use life‐cycle assessment (LCA) as a tool to measure the environmental sustainability of products. LCA is of particular importance in globalized agricultural supply chains, which have environmental effects in multiple and spatially dispersed locations.

Incorporation of impacts on biodiversity that arise from agricultural production systems into environmental assessment methods is an emerging area of work in LCA, and current approaches have limitations, including the need for (i) improved assessment of impacts to biodiversity associated with agricultural production, (ii) inclusion of new biodiversity indicators (e.g. conservation value, functional diversity, ecosystem services) and (iii) inclusion of previously unaccounted modelling variables that go beyond land‐use impacts (e.g. climate change, water and soil quality).

Synthesis and applications. Ecological models and understanding can contribute to address the limitations of current life‐cycle assessment (LCA) methods in agricultural production systems and to make them more ecologically relevant. This will be necessary to ensure that biodiversity is not neglected in decision‐making that relies on LCA.
Potato virus Y (PVY) detection in a single aphid by one‐step RT‐PCR with boiling technique
Authors: Kim Juil , Cha Deok Jea , Kwon Min , Maharjan Rameswor 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPotato virus Y (PVY) (Potyviridae: potyvirus) is a serious emerging virus affecting seed potato worldwide. It affects the seed potato by transmitting non‐persistently via aphids. Sometimes this virus induces symptomless infection and is hard to detect in potato. So, it requires a specific and quick diagnosis for efficient examination. Recently, a reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)‐based PVY detection method has been developed from plant as well as insect vectors. However, it is a complex and time consuming method. Here, we developed a simple PVY detection method that uses boiling for releasing the viral RNA from aphid stylets, and amplification by PVY‐specific primers located in the viral coat protein gene. The method is suitable for various strains. This simplified method could save time compared to earlier detection methods because of the simplified RNA extraction step. Following this procedure, we tested this one‐step RT‐PCR‐based PVY detection method by using three PVY vectoring aphid species (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Macrosiphum euphorbiae) as well as other sucking insects such as thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. The reliability of a newly developed primer set was suitable for RT‐PCR and procedures were successfully demonstrated for virus detection. This PVY detection method is rapid, easy to use and suitable for large‐scale testing in laboratories of seed potato, and could potentially be applied to virus‐free seed potato production.
BORIS: a free, versatile open‐source event‐logging software for video/audio coding and live observations
Authors: Friard Olivier , Gamba Marco 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Quantitative aspects of the study of animal and human behaviour are increasingly relevant to test hypotheses and find empirical support for them. At the same time, photo and video cameras can store a large number of video recordings and are often used to monitor the subjects remotely. Researchers frequently face the need to code considerable quantities of video recordings with relatively flexible software, often constrained by species‐specific options or exact settings.

BORIS is a free, open‐source and multiplatform standalone program that allows a user‐specific coding environment to be set for a computer‐based review of previously recorded videos or live observations. Being open to user‐specific settings, the program allows a project‐based ethogram to be defined that can then be shared with collaborators, or can be imported or modified.

Projects created in BORIS can include a list of observations, and each observation may include one or two videos (e.g. simultaneous screening of visual stimuli and the subject being tested; recordings from different sides of an aquarium). Once the user has set an ethogram, including state or point events or both, coding can be performed using previously assigned keys on the computer keyboard. BORIS allows definition of an unlimited number of events (states/point events) and subjects.

Once the coding process is completed, the program can extract a time‐budget or single or grouped observations automatically and present an at‐a‐glance summary of the main behavioural features. The observation data and time‐budget analysis can be exported in many common formats (TSV, CSV, ODF, XLS, SQL and JSON). The observed events can be plotted and exported in various graphic formats (SVG, PNG, JPG, TIFF, EPS and PDF).
Cell saver processing mitigates the negative effects of wound blood on platelet function
Authors: Gäbel J. , Malm C. J. , Radulovic V. , Shams Hakimi C. , Westerberg M. , Jeppsson A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundWound blood is highly activated and has poor haemostatic properties. Recent data suggest that retransfusion of unwashed wound blood may impair haemostasis. We hypothesized that cell saver processing of wound blood before retransfusion reduces the negative effects.MethodsWound blood was collected from 16 cardiac surgery patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. One portion of the wound blood was processed in a cell saver and one portion left unprocessed. Increasing amounts of unprocessed blood (10% and 20% of the systemic blood volume) or corresponding volumes of processed blood were added ex vivo to whole blood samples from the same patient. Clot formation was assessed by modified thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) and platelet function with impedance aggregometry (Multiplate®).ResultsAddition of unprocessed wound blood significantly impaired clot formation and platelet aggregability. Cell saver processing before addition did not influence clot formation but abolished completely the negative effects of wound blood on platelet aggregability tested with all agonists. Median adenosine diphosphate‐induced platelet aggregation was 51 (25th and 75th percentiles 42–69) when 20% processed cardiotomy suction blood was added vs. 34 (24–52) U when 20% unprocessed blood was added, P < 0.001. The corresponding figures for arachidonic acid‐, thrombin receptor activating peptide‐ and collagen‐induced aggregation was 21 (17–51) vs. 13 (10–25) U, 112 (87–128) vs. 78 (65–103) U and 58 (50–73) vs. 33 (28–44) U, respectively, all P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results suggest that cell saver processing before retransfusion mitigates the negative effects of wound blood on platelet function despite that cell saver processing reduces platelet count.
Dermatology teaching in Australian Medical Schools
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Chong Alvin H , Scarff Catherine E , Huilgol Shyamala C 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAlthough skin disease and skin cancers cause significant morbidity and mortality in Australia, limited time is dedicated to dermatology teaching in most medical courses. The aim of this study was to define the current state of dermatology teaching in Australian medical schools with a view to developing a national core curriculum for dermatology.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was circulated to the dermatology teaching leads and relevant medical program coordinators of the 18 medical schools in Australia.ResultsReplies were received from 17 medical schools. Dermatology was included as part of the core curriculum in 15 schools. Time set aside for dermatology teaching varied, as reflected by the number of lectures delivered (0–21, mean 5, median 3) and minimum clinics attended (0–10, mean 1.2, median 0). Only four medical schools had a compulsory clinical attachment in dermatology. Furthermore, satisfying requirements in dermatology was mentioned in the university examination regulations in only six schools. Certain core learning outcomes were addressed in most schools, including the structure and function of the skin, common conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and cutaneous malignancies. However, there were important omissions, ranging from common problems like dermatophyte infections and drug reactions to the recognition of dermatological emergencies.ConclusionsThese results are a compelling impetus to improve current standards of dermatology teaching, learning and assessment. The introduction of a national core curriculum would provide guidelines for dermatology teaching in medical schools, enabling the more effective utilisation of available time for key learning outcomes.
Reversing dobutamine‐induced tachycardia using ivabradine increases stroke volume with neutral effect on cardiac energetics in left ventricular post‐ischaemia dysfunction
Authors: Bakkehaug J. P. , Næsheim T. , Torgersen Engstad E. , Kildal A. B. , Myrmel T. , How O.‐J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimCompensatory tachycardia can potentially be deleterious in acute heart failure. In this study, we tested a therapeutic strategy of combined inotropic support (dobutamine) and selective heart rate (HR) reduction through administration of ivabradine.MethodsIn an open‐chest pig model (n = 12) with left ventricular (LV) post‐ischaemia dysfunction, cardiac function was assessed by LV pressure catheter and sonometric crystals. Coronary flow and blood samples from the coronary sinus were used to measure myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). LV energetics was assessed by comparing MVO2 with cardiac work at a wide range of workloads.ResultsIn the post‐ischaemia heart, dobutamine (5 μg kg−1 min−1) increased cardiac output (CO) by increasing HR from 102 ± 21 to 131 ± 16 bpm (beats per min; P < 0.05). Adding ivabradine (0.5 mg kg−1) slowed HR back to 100 ± 9 bpm and increased stroke volume from 30 ± 5 to 36 ± 5 mL (P < 0.05) by prolonging diastolic filling time and increasing end‐diastolic dimensions. Adding ivabradine had no adverse effects on CO, mean arterial pressure and cardiac efficiency. Similar findings on efficiency and LV function were also seen using an ex vivo working mouse heart protocol.ConclusionsA combined infusion of dobutamine and ivabradine had a neutral effect on post‐ischaemia LV efficiency and increased left ventricular output without an increase in HR.
Systematic review: psychological morbidity in young people with inflammatory bowel disease – risk factors and impacts
Authors: Brooks A. J. , Rowse G. , Ryder A. , Peach E. J. , Corfe B. M. , Lobo A. J. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundPsychological morbidity in young people aged 10–24 years, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increased, but risk factors for and impacts of this are unclear.AimTo undertake a systematic literature review of the risk factors for and impact of psychological morbidity in young people with IBD.MethodsElectronic searches for English‐language articles were performed with keywords relating to psychological morbidity according to DSM‐IV and subsequent criteria; young people; and IBD in the MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and CINAHL databases for studies published from 1994 to September 2014.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and forty‐four studies were identified, of which 30 met the inclusion criteria. The majority measured depression and anxiety symptoms, with a small proportion examining externalising behaviours. Identifiable risk factors for psychological morbidity included: increased disease severity (r2 = 0.152, P < 0.001), lower socioeconomic status (r2 = 0.046, P < 0.001), corticosteroids (P ≤ 0.001), parental stress (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) and older age at diagnosis (r = 0.28, P = 0.0006). Impacts of psychological morbidity in young people with IBD were wide‐ranging and included abdominal pain (r = 0.33; P < 0.001), sleep dysfunction (P < 0.05), psychotropic drug use (HR 4.16, 95% CI 2.76–6.27), non‐adherence to medication (12.6% reduction) and negative illness perceptions (r = −0.43).ConclusionsPsychological morbidity affects young people with IBD in a range of ways, highlighting the need for psychological interventions to improve outcomes. Identified risk factors provide an opportunity to develop targeted therapies for a vulnerable group. Further research is required to examine groups under‐represented in this review, such as those with severe IBD and those from ethnic minorities.
The impact of social cognitive and personality factors on teachers' reported inclusive behaviour
Authors: Wilson Claire , Woolfson Lisa Marks , Durkin Kevin , Elliott Mark A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundInclusive education of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) is intended to maximize their educational experience within the mainstream school setting. While policy mandates inclusion, it is classroom teachers' behaviours that determine its success.AimsThis study provided a novel application of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in this setting. It examined the effect of TPB variables and personality on reported inclusive teaching behaviours for learners with ID.SampleThe sample comprised 145 primary school teachers (85% female) from mainstream schools across Scotland.MethodParticipants completed a TPB questionnaire assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive norms), perceptions of control (self‐efficacy and controllability), and behavioural intentions towards using inclusive strategies. The Big Five Personality Index, measuring extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness, was also completed. Teaching practices were reported 2 weeks later.ResultsInstrumental attitudes, descriptive norm, self‐efficacy, and neuroticism predicted teachers’ intentions to use inclusive strategies. Further, conscientiousness had indirect effects on intentions through TPB variables. These intentions, however, did not predict reported behaviour expected by TPB. Instead, self‐efficacy was the only significant predictor of reported behaviour.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the application of TPB to an educational setting and contributes to the understanding of teachers' reported use of inclusive strategies for children with ID.
DOES BEHAVIOUR‐BASED PRICE DISCRIMINATION FOSTER FIRMS’ DIFFERENTIATION?
Authors: Colombo Stefano 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWe study the impact of behaviour‐based price discrimination on the incentive of the firms to differentiate their products. We consider both ‘standard’ and ‘extreme’ behaviour‐based price discrimination: the latter always reduces the incentive to differentiate with respect to uniform pricing, while the former fosters differentiation if the consumers are sufficiently forward‐looking and/or the firms are sufficiently myopic.
Increases in anaphylaxis fatalities in Australia from 1997 to 2013
Authors: Mullins R. J. , Wainstein B. K. , Barnes E. H. , Liew W. K. , Campbell D. E. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundRecent epidemiological studies indicate increases in Australian, UK and US hospital anaphylaxis admission rates.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether Australian anaphylaxis fatalities are increasing in parallel and to examine the characteristics of fatalities recorded in the National Coronial Information System (NCIS).MethodsTime trends in Australian anaphylaxis fatalities were examined using data derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 1997–2013 and the NCIS 2000–2013, the latter providing additional information to verify cause and identify risk factors.ResultsThe ABS recorded 324 anaphylaxis fatalities by cause: unspecified (n = 205); medication (n = 52); insect stings/tick bites (n = 41); food (n = 23); and blood products (n = 3). From 1997 to 2013, all‐cause fatal anaphylaxis rates increased by 6.2%/year (95% CI: 3.8–8.6%, P < 0.0001) or from 0.054% to 0.099/105 population. Fatal food anaphylaxis increased by 9.7%/year (95% CI: 0.25–20%, P = 0.04) and unspecified anaphylaxis deaths by 7.8% (95% CI: 4.6–11.0, P < 0.0001). There was an insignificant change in medication‐related fatalities (5.6% increase/year; 95% CI: 0.3% decrease to 11.8% increase, P = 0.06), and sting/bite fatalities remained unchanged. Hospital anaphylaxis admission rates for all‐cause, food, unspecified and medication anaphylaxis increased at rates of 8%, 10%, 4.4% and 6.8%/year, respectively. A total of 147 verified NCIS deaths were examined in detail: medication‐ and sting/bite‐related fatalities occurred predominantly in older individuals with multiple comorbidities. Upright posture after anaphylaxis was associated with risk of sudden death (all causes). Seafood (not nuts) was the most common trigger for food‐related anaphylaxis deaths.ConclusionsAustralian anaphylaxis fatality rates (most causes) have increased over the last 16 years, contrasting with UK‐ and US‐based studies that describe overall lower and static overall anaphylaxis fatality rates (0.047–0.069/105 population).
Evidence for central hypercortisolism and elevated blood pressure in adolescent offspring of mothers with pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Henley David , Brown Suzanne , Pennell Craig , Lye Stephen , Torpy David J. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveMaternal total and free cortisol concentrations are reduced in pre‐eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). However, the effect of this on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function in the offspring is unknown. We examined the basal HPA axis activity in adolescent offspring of mothers with pre‐pregnancy hypertension/GH/PE.Design and subjectsA total of 1182 participants (mean age 17·1 years) recruited from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study provided fasting morning blood samples for basal HPA axis and concomitant clinical assessments, including blood pressure.MeasurementsPlasma ACTH, total cortisol, corticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG) and free cortisol calculated by Coolens' equation were measured from the blood samples collected at home before 10:00 am.ResultsTotal plasma cortisol (689 ± 153 nmol/l vs 583 ± 172 nmol/l, P = 0·024), ACTH (15·5 ± 13 pmol/l vs 10·8 ± 5·1 pmol/l, P = 0·040) and calculated free cortisol (52 ± 21 nmol/l vs 42 ± 22 nmol/l, P = 0·052) were higher in the PE offspring than in controls. The pre‐pregnancy hypertension group had evidence of a lower ACTH/plasma free cortisol ratio (0·22 vs 0·33 P = 0·020) and lower CBG (713 nmol/l vs 821 nmol/l, P = 0·004) compared with controls. Systolic blood pressure was elevated in the GH/PE group compared with controls (120 mmHg vs 116 mmHg, P = 0·006).ConclusionsHypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity is increased in the adolescent offspring of mothers with pre‐eclampsia. This may be an adaptation resulting from the reduced maternal cortisol during foetal life. The resulting mild hypercortisolism may have implications for long‐term health outcomes and warrants further investigation.
Accuracy of Schneiderian membrane thickness: a cone‐beam computed tomography analysis with histological validation
Authors: Insua Angel , Monje Alberto , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Zimmo Nouf , Shaikh Lujain , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been used in the literature to evaluate Schneiderian membrane thickness (SMT), but its accuracy has never been validated. The primary aim of this study was to compare the SMT measured by CBCT to the gold standard histological assessment. The correlations between SMT and anatomical structures of the maxillary sinus and alveolar bone were also tested.Materials and MethodsFourteen fresh cadaver heads were used for the study, and 28 sinus lift augmentation procedures were performed to obtain the membrane samples. Samples were fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin–eosine and Masson trichrome. Specimens were measured by optic microscope at three points, and a mean was obtained. Anatomical landmarks were used to accurately position the CBCT slice, so the SMT could be measured in predetermined locations. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare values of histological and CBCT measurements, and Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between thickness and anatomical parameters.ResultsA total of 597 histological measurements were performed, and the mean SMT thickness was 0.30 ± 0.17 mm. The mean CBCT membrane thickness was 0.79 ± 0.52 mm. A statistically significant difference from histological and radiological readings was observed (P = 0.000). Interestingly, 87.77% histological measurements had membrane less than 0.5 mm in thickness compared to 26.66% in CBCT assessment.ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, the median histological Schneiderian membrane thickness was 0.30 mm. Cone‐beam computed tomography assessment was 2.6 times higher than the histological examination.
Reduction in the numbers of drugs administered to elderly in‐patients with polypharmacy by a multidisciplinary review of medication using electronic medical records
Authors: Hayashi Yuichi , Godai Ayumi , Yamada Megumi , Yoshikura Nobuaki , Harada Naoko , Koumura Akihiro , Kimura Akio , Okayasu Shinji , Matsuno Yasuko , Kinosada Yasutomi , Itoh Yoshinori , Inuzuka Takashi 
Published: May 2016

AimPolypharmacy is a major problem for elderly patients in developed countries. We investigated whether a multidisciplinary medication review using electronic medical records could reduce the number of drugs administered to elderly patients receiving polypharmacy.MethodsThe present study included 432 elderly patients (188 women, 244 men; 267 patients aged 65–74 years and 165 patients aged ≥75 years) who were admitted to and discharged from the Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Hospital, between 2004 and 2011; those who died at the hospital were excluded. The names, categories, and numbers of orally administered drugs at admission and discharge were examined retrospectively using electronic medical records. The histories of continuous oral immunotherapy use at the hospital, falls during the 2 years before hospital admission and the presence of fall risk factors were also evaluated. P‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsOn average 1.14 ± 3.07 fewer types of drugs were given to patients at discharge than at admission in patients receiving polypharmacy (P < 0.001). However, the number of drugs given to patients undergoing continuous oral immunotherapy increased by 1.67 ± 3.47 (P < 0.001). The number of drugs was reduced in 33.1% of fallers, and 36.3% of non‐fallers. In both fallers and non‐fallers, there was a reduction in drug categories associated with falls.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary medication review using electronic medical records could significantly reduce the numbers of drugs taken by elderly inpatients receiving polypharmacy, including drugs associated with falls, in both fallers and non‐fallers Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 653–658.