bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size and age structure of the endangered Clark’s lizard (Darevskia clarkorum) populations from two different altitudes in Turkey
Authors: Bülbül Ufuk , Kurnaz Muammer , Eroğlu Ali İhsan , Koç Halime , Kutrup Bilal 
Published: November 2016

We investigated age structure, body size and longevity in two breeding populations ofDarevskia clarkoruminhabiting altitudes ranging from 450 m a.s.l. (Kamilet) to 2250 m a.s.l. (Başyayla) in Turkey by skeletochronology performed on the phalanges. The mean age was found to be 6 years in the Kamilet population and 7 years in the Başyayla population. The maximum life span was 10 years in the lowland population while it was 12 years in the highland population. Age at sexual maturity of both males and females was 1-2 years in the lowland population while it was 2-3 for both sexes in the highland population. Both age and SVL of specimens from the Kamilet population were significantly different between the sexes while age and SVL did not differ significantly between the sexes in Başyayla population. As a conclusion, we observed that the mean age, longevity and age at maturity were increased by altitude while there was a decrease based on the mean SVL in the highland population ofD. clarkorum. Our data on body size, longevity and age at sexual maturity may contribute to conservation efforts for this endangered species.
Microphysical Properties of Ice Crystal Precipitation and Surface-Generated Ice Crystals in a High Alpine Environment in Switzerland
Authors: Schlenczek Oliver , Fugal Jacob P. , Lloyd Gary , Bower Keith N. , Choularton Thomas W. , Flynn Michael , Crosier Jonathan , Borrmann Stephan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDuring the Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment (CLACE) 2013 field campaign at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, optically thin pure ice clouds and ice crystal precipitation were measured using holographic and other in situ particle instruments. For cloud particles, particle images, positions in space, concentrations, and size distributions were obtained, allowing one to extract size distributions classified by ice crystal habit. Small ice crystals occurring under conditions with a vertically thin cloud layer above and a stratocumulus layer approximately 1 km below exhibit similar properties in size and crystal habits as Antarctic/Arctic diamond dust. Also, ice crystal precipitation stemming from midlevel clouds subsequent to the diamond dust event was observed with a larger fraction of ice crystal aggregates when compared with the diamond dust. In another event, particle size distributions could be derived from mostly irregular ice crystals and aggregates, which likely originated from surface processes. These particles show a high spatial and temporal variability, and it is noted that size and habit distributions have only a weak dependence on the particle number concentration. Larger ice crystal aggregates and rosette shapes of some hundred microns in maximum dimension could be sampled as a precipitating cirrostratus cloud passed the site. The individual size distributions for each habit agree well with lognormal distributions. Fitted parameters to the size distributions are presented along with the area-derived ice water content, and the size distributions are compared with other measurements of pure ice clouds made in the Arctic and Antarctic.
Land Surface Precipitation in MERRA-2
Authors: Reichle Rolf H. , Liu Q. , Koster Randal D. , Draper Clara S. , Mahanama Sarith P. P. , Partyka Gary S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), features several major advances from the original MERRA reanalysis, including the use, outside of high latitudes, of observations-based precipitation data products to correct the precipitation falling on the land surface in the MERRA-2 system. The method for merging the observed precipitation into MERRA-2 has been refined from that of the (land-only) MERRA-Land reanalysis. This paper describes the method and evaluates the MERRA-2 land surface precipitation. Compared to monthly GPCPv2.2 observations, the corrected MERRA-2 precipitation (M2CORR) is better than the precipitation generated by the atmospheric models within the cycling MERRA-2 and MERRA systems. M2CORR is also better than MERRA-Land precipitation over Africa because in MERRA-2 a merged satellite–gauge precipitation product is used instead of the gauge-only data used for MERRA-Land. Compared to 3-hourly TRMM observations, the M2CORR diurnal cycle has better amplitude but less realistic phasing than MERRA-2 model-generated precipitation. Because correcting the precipitation within the coupled atmosphere–land modeling system allows the MERRA-2 near-surface air temperature and humidity to respond to the improved precipitation forcing, MERRA-2 provides more self-consistent surface meteorological data than were available from MERRA-Land, which is important for applications such as land-only modeling studies. Where precipitation observations of sufficient quality are available for use in the reanalysis, the corrections facilitate the seamless spinup of the land surface initial conditions across the MERRA-2 production streams. At high latitudes, however, the lack of reliable precipitation observations results in undesirable land spinup effects that impact mostly the first published year of each MERRA-2 stream (1980, 1992, 2001, and 2011).
Effect of Calcaneus Fracture Gap Without Step-Off on Stress Distribution Across the Subtalar Joint
Authors: Barrick Brett , Joyce Donald A. , Werner Frederick W. , Iannolo Maria 
Published: November 2016

Background: Subtalar arthritis is a common consequence following calcaneal fracture, and its development is related to the severity of the fracture. Previous calcaneal fracture models have demonstrated altered contact characteristics when a step-off is created in the posterior facet articular surface. Changes in posterior facet contact characteristics have not been previously characterized for calcaneal fracture gap without step-off. Methods: The contact characteristics (peak pressure, area of contact, and centroid of pressure) of the posterior facet of the subtalar joint were determined in 6 cadaveric specimens. After creating a calcaneal fracture to simulate a Sanders type II fracture, the contact characteristics were determined with the posterior facet anatomically reduced followed by an incremental increase in fracture gap displacement of 2, 3, and 5 mm without a step-off of the articular surface. Results: Peak pressure on the medial fragment was significantly less with a 5-mm gap compared to a 2- or 3-mm gap, or reduced. On the lateral fragment, the peak pressure was significantly increased with a 5-mm gap compared to a 2- or 3-mm gap. Contact area significantly changed with increased gap. Conclusion: In this study, there were no significant differences in contact characteristics between a <3-mm gap and an anatomically reduced fracture, conceding the study limitations including limiting axial loading to 50% of donor body weight. Clinical Relevance: A small amount of articular incongruity without a step-off can be tolerated by the subtalar joint, in contrast to articular incongruity with a step-off present.
A randomized assessment of adding the kinase inhibitor lestaurtinib to first-line chemotherapy for FLT3-mutated AML
Authors: Knapper Steven , Russell Nigel , Gilkes Amanda , Hills Robert K. , Gale Rosemary E. , Cavenagh James D. , Jones Gail , Kjeldsen Lars , Grunwald Michael R. , Thomas Ian , Konig Heiko , Levis Mark J. , Burnett Alan K. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points
No overall clinical benefit was seen after the addition of lestaurtinib to standard chemotherapy for newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML. Lower rates of relapse and improved overall survival were seen in patients who achieved sustained levels of FLT3 inhibitory activity.
Viscosity approximations methods for $(\psi,\varphi)$-weakly contractive mappings
Authors: Mishra Swaminath , Pant Rajendra , Panicker Rekha 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study viscosity approximations with $(\psi,\varphi)$
(
ψ
,
φ
)
-weakly contractive mappings. We show that Moudafi’s viscosity approximations follow from Browder and Halpern type convergence theorems. Our results generalize a number of convergence theorems including a strong convergence theorem of Song and Liu (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2009:824374, 2009).
Draft genome of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Guan Rui , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhang He , Fan Guangyi , Liu Xin , Zhou Wenbin , Shi Chengcheng , Wang Jiahao , Liu Weiqing , Liang Xinming , Fu Yuanyuan , Ma Kailong , Zhao Lijun , Zhang Fumin , Lu Zuhong , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen , Xu Xun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Fu Chengxin , Ge Song , Chen Wenbin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most distinctive plants. It possesses a suite of fascinating characteristics including a large genome, outstanding resistance/tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and dioecious reproduction, making it an ideal model species for biological studies. However, the lack of a high-quality genome sequence has been an impediment to our understanding of its biology and evolution.

Findings
The 10.61 Gb genome sequence containing 41,840 annotated genes was assembled in the present study. Repetitive sequences account for 76.58% of the assembled sequence, and long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are particularly prevalent. The diversity and abundance of LTR-RTs is due to their gradual accumulation and a remarkable amplification between 16 and 24 million years ago, and they contribute to the long introns and large genome. Whole genome duplication (WGD) may have occurred twice, with an ancient WGD consistent with that shown to occur in other seed plants, and a more recent event specific to ginkgo. Abundant gene clusters from tandem duplication were also evident, and enrichment of expanded gene families indicates a remarkable array of chemical and antibacterial defense pathways.

Conclusions
The ginkgo genome consists mainly of LTR-RTs resulting from ancient gradual accumulation and two WGD events. The multiple defense mechanisms underlying the characteristic resilience of ginkgo are fostered by a remarkable enrichment in ancient duplicated and ginkgo-specific gene clusters. The present study sheds light on sequencing large genomes, and opens an avenue for further genetic and evolutionary research.
Immigration and wages: new evidence from the African American Great Migration
Authors: Gardner John 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
During the African American Great Migration, millions of blacks left the Southern USA in favor of cities in the North. Despite the social and economic consequences of this migration, the question of its impacts on labor markets in the North has largely been overlooked in the literature. In this paper, I use both local wage comparisons and structural simulations of the aggregate Northern labor market to provide new evidence on the effects of the Great Migration on wages in the North, redoubling the evidence that it caused large declines in wages for blacks, with little effect for whites. The agreement between my local and aggregate wage effect estimates has implications for our general understanding of how immigration and wages are related and how that relationship can be measured.
An acoustic eikonal equation for attenuating transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis
Authors: Hao Qi , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: November 2016

Seismic-wave attenuation is an important component of describing wave propagation. Certain regions, such as gas clouds inside the earth, exert highly localized attenuation. In fact, the anisotropic nature of the earth induces anisotropic attenuation because the quasi P-wave dispersion effect should be profound along the symmetry direction. We have developed a 2D acoustic eikonal equation governing the complex-valued traveltime of quasi P-waves in attenuating, transversely isotropic media with a vertical-symmetry axis (VTI). This equation is derived under the assumption that the complex-valued traveltime of quasi P-waves in attenuating VTI media are independent of the S-wave velocity parameter [Formula: see text] in Thomsen’s notation and the S-wave attenuation coefficient [Formula: see text] in Zhu and Tsvankin’s notation. We combine perturbation theory and Shanks transform to develop practical approximations to the acoustic attenuating eikonal equation, capable of admitting an analytical description of the attenuation in homogeneous media. For a horizontal-attenuating VTI layer, we also derive the nonhyperbolic approximations for the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued reflection traveltime. These equations reveal that (1) the quasi SV-wave velocity and the corresponding quasi SV-wave attenuation coefficient given as part of Thomsen-type notation barely affect the ray velocity and ray attenuation of quasi P-waves in attenuating VTI media; (2) combining the perturbation method and Shanks transform provides an accurate analytic eikonal solution for homogeneous attenuating VTI media; (3) for a horizontal attenuating VTI layer with weak attenuation, the real part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime may still be described by the existing nonhyperbolic approximations developed for nonattenuating VTI media, and the imaginary part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime still has the shape of nonhyperbolic curves. In addition, we have evaluated the possible extension of the proposed eikonal equation to realistic attenuating media, an alternative perturbation solution to the proposed eikonal equation, and the feasibility of applying the proposed nonhyperbolic equation for the imaginary part of the complex-valued traveltime to invert for interval attenuation parameters.
Glycemic Predictors of Insulin Independence After Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: Quartuccio Michael , Hall Erica , Singh Vikesh , Makary Martin A. , Hirose Kenzo , Desai Niraj , Walsh Christi , Warren Daniel , Sun Zhaoli , Stein Ellen , Kalyani Rita R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractContext:Total pancreatectomy with islet auto transplantation (TPIAT) is a treatment for medically refractory chronic pancreatitis that can prevent postsurgical diabetes in some patients. Predictors of insulin independence are needed for appropriate patient selection and counseling.Objective:To explore glycemic predictors of insulin independence after TPIAT.Design:A prospective cohort of patients.Methods:We investigated 34 patients undergoing TPIAT from 2011-2016 at Johns Hopkins Hospital, all had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered prior to their TPIAT. The primary outcome was insulin independence 1 year after TPIAT.Results:Ten of 34 (29%) patients were insulin independent 1 year after TPIAT. All patients with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance preoperatively were insulin dependent at 1 year. In age-adjusted regression analyses, fasting glucose ≤ 90 mg/dL [odds ratio (OR) = 6.56; 1.11 to 38.91; P = 0.04], 1-hour OGTT glucose ≤ 143 mg/dL (OR = 6.65; 1.11 to 39.91; P = 0.04), and 2-hour OGTT glucose ≤ 106 mg/dL (OR = 11.74; 1.46 to 94.14; P = 0.02) were significant predictors of insulin independence. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) was the most robust predictor of insulin independence [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.88; 0.73 to 1.00].Conclusions:Normal preoperative glucose status and lower fasting and postchallenge OGTT glucose values are significant predictors of insulin independence after TPIAT. Higher islet function (HOMA-β) was the strongest predictor. OGTT testing may be a useful tool to aid in patient counseling prior to TPIAT and should be further investigated.
Electroantennogram response of the parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes to host-related odors: The discrepancy between relative abundance and level of antennal responses to volatile compound
Authors: Morawo Tolulope , Burrows Matthew , Fadamiro Henry 
Published: November 2016

Herbivores emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) after feeding on plants. Parasitoids exploit these VOCs as odor cues to locate their hosts. In nature, host-related odors are emitted as blends of various compounds occurring in different proportions, and minor blend components can sometimes have profound effects on parasitoid responses. In a previous related study, we identified and quantified VOCs emitted by cotton plant-fed Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, an herbivore host of the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In the present study, the olfactory response of female M. croceipes to synthetic versions of 15 previously identified compounds was tested in electroantennogram (EAG) bioassays. Using M. croceipes as a model species, we further asked the question: does the relative abundance of a volatile compound match the level of antennal response in parasitoids? Female M. croceipes showed varying EAG responses to test compounds, indicating different levels of bioactivity in the insect antenna. Eight compounds, including decanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 2-ethylhexanol, tridecane, tetradecane, α-farnesene and bisabolene, elicited EAG responses above or equal to the 50th percentile rank of all responses. Interestingly, decanal, which represented only 1% of the total amount of odors emitted by cotton-fed hosts, elicited the highest (0.82 mV) EAG response in parasitoids. On the other hand, (E)-β-caryophyllene, the most abundant (29%) blend component, elicited a relatively low (0.17 mV) EAG response. The results suggest that EAG response to host-related volatiles in parasitoids is probably more influenced by the ecological relevance or functional role of the compound in the blend, rather than its relative abundance.
Profile Learning Math in Context of the Implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education
Authors: Боженкова  , Bozhenkova Liudmila , Васильева  , Vasileva Marina 
Published: November 2016

Consideration of the industry-specifi c training in relation to the basic and advanced levels of the basic educational program is justifi ed. The specifi cs of
the functioning of methodical system learning in profi le of learning mathematics is considered. The planned results of learning school mathematics in
the cognitive area are considered in accordance with the stages of learning activities. These “goal-orientations” are aimed at the formation of cognitive
and regulatory universal educational actions. Subject and metasubject results are concretized taking into account the specifi cs of mathematics. The
authors marked the skills that characterize the achievement of the planned results for the basic and advanced levels. Planned results in the fi eld of
emotionally-valuable attitude to the process of learning mathematics are directed on formation of communications affi rmative and regulatory
universal educational actions. As an example the planned results of studying of the topic “Сomplex numbers” are presented. The authors describe the
principles of organization of profi le training mathematics in the conditions of informatization of education.
Concept of the School Students� Functional Competence: Subject Area �Mathematics and Informatics�
Authors: �������  , Ryzhakov Mikhail , ������  , Sedova E. 
Published: November 2016

The article presents the Concept of the school students� functional competence (SSFC) developed for the subject area �Mathematics and informatics�. The
concept is based upon the the M.S. Kagan�s fi ve-component model of personal potential (cognitive, axiological, creative, communicative and aesthetical
potentials). A new model of SSFC and approaches to its realization are described in the frame of the Concept. The didactic potential of the Concept is considered,
aiming at improving the eff ectiveness and harmonizing the process of the school students� socialization. The concept allows to change the focus
of a didactical system from the students� absolute achievement to the relative ones. We suggest this approach to be referred to as �relative pedagogic�.
Training Model of Master of Vocational Training for Innovative Activities in the Framework of Advanced Training
Authors: Петренко  , Petrenko V. 
Published: November 2016

The professional and pedagogic duties of the master of vocational training are changing in current social and economic conditions. There are a lot
of new aspects of the professional and pedagogic activities, which have not been considered previously, and which impact the organization of their
innovative activities and form new professional and pedagogic expertise. Advanced training system is supposed to respond to new social challenges, one
of which is preparing teachers for innovative activities. The article contains the theoretical model of training for innovative activities in the framework of
advanced training, describes the theoretical and methodological approaches, structure and contents of this training.
Portrait of the Regional Schools Director (Regional Schools Director in the Mirror of Sociological Studies)
Authors: Бершадская  , Bershadskaya E. , Бершадский  , Bershadskiy Mikhail 
Published: November 2016

The article describes the results of a sociological study, carried out in one of the territorial entity of the RF. The comparative analysis of the responses to
the questionnaire is given regarding the personal qualities of directors, the knowledge and skills needed to perform their professional duties, and avoid
preferred management style, professional competencies, typical diffi culties and forms of training. The characteristic features of an eff ective director are
revealed: diplomatic skills; the ability to apply the work style of the team; the capacity for strategic planning; analytic skills; interest in achieving high
performance. It was found that a successful director has a broad and deep vision of the entire problem fi eld related to his activities. The article off ers the
most eff ective forms of training directors.
Machine Learning and Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Ban Gah-Yi , El Karoui Noureddine , Lim Andrew E. B. 
Published: November 2016

The portfolio optimization model has limited impact in practice because of estimation issues when applied to real data. To address this, we adapt two machine learning methods, regularization and cross-validation, for portfolio optimization. First, we introduce performance-based regularization (PBR), where the idea is to constrain the sample variances of the estimated portfolio risk and return, which steers the solution toward one associated with less estimation error in the performance. We consider PBR for both mean-variance and mean-conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) problems. For the mean-variance problem, PBR introduces a quartic polynomial constraint, for which we make two convex approximations: one based on rank-1 approximation and another based on a convex quadratic approximation. The rank-1 approximation PBR adds a bias to the optimal allocation, and the convex quadratic approximation PBR shrinks the sample covariance matrix. For the mean-CVaR problem, the PBR model is a combinatorial optimization problem, but we prove its convex relaxation, a quadratically constrained quadratic program, is essentially tight. We show that the PBR models can be cast as robust optimization problems with novel uncertainty sets and establish asymptotic optimality of both sample average approximation (SAA) and PBR solutions and the corresponding efficient frontiers. To calibrate the right-hand sides of the PBR constraints, we develop new, performance-based k-fold cross-validation algorithms. Using these algorithms, we carry out an extensive empirical investigation of PBR against SAA, as well as L1 and L2 regularizations and the equally weighted portfolio. We find that PBR dominates all other benchmarks for two out of three Fama–French data sets. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.