bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance in Malaysia: has MCCG made a difference
Authors: Bhatt Padmanabha Ramachandra 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) on the performance of the listed companies in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
Panel data estimation techniques were used to run the regression in this study, following Baltagi (1995). The authors have selected 116 listed companies to Bursa Malaysia during the period 1996-2014, to study the effect of corporate governance on firm performance. Listed companies in Malaysia are mandatory to comply with MCCG rules and regulations.

Findings
It was found that there was a significant improvement in the performance of listed companies after Malaysian Government’s implementation of MCCG (2000) which means that MCCG matters for firm performance in Malaysia. It was also found that there was no significance difference in the overall impact of implementation of MCCG on performance level between government-linked companies (GLCs) and private companies (PCs).

Research limitations/implications
The authors have selected only 116 listed companies to Bursa Malaysia during the period 1996-2014, to study the effect of corporate governance on firm performance. The selection of the data was based on the availability of data in Thomson data stream.

Originality/value
The findings had contributed to the understanding that the MCCG has improved significantly the performance of listed companies in Malaysia.
Operational ethical banking in Rastin Banking
Authors: Bidabad Bijan , Sherafati Mahshid 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss some of the operational Islamic banking features considered in ethical banking as the aspects of Rastin Banking. Ethical banking is a branch of “ethic economics” and a narrow expression of a number of Islamic banking aspects.

Design/methodology/approach
These features are often involved in the discussions under the topic of internal control and describe the operational characteristics of ethical banking within the framework of Rastin Banking.

Findings
This study refers to the principles of Rastin Banking, including operational, financial, economic, ethical, social, legal, international and organizational principles. Additionally, it takes into account some of the internal control systems.

Research limitations/implications
Converting ethical codes into executable laws and regulations needs sophistication, and the art of codification in this subject can be observed in the present paper.

Practical implications
As far as the ethical behaviour of the assessor and trustee is concerned, the necessities of honesty, belief, virtuosity, rectitude and compliance with moral values, as well as reward and punishment mechanisms, are operationally examined. Transparency, governance and disclosure of information are the other components. The methods of auditing, accounting, inspection and preservation of Rastin Banking achievements are amongst the other matters of concern.

Social implications
An assiduous attention to the operational details of each of the above-said discussions revealed that the Islamic banking components are capable of covering the topics and discussions beyond ethical banking.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to solve the practical ethical problem in operational banking.
Faith (re)engages with business: cultural, legal, and managerial dimensions
Authors: Morgan James Frederick 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the changing nature of religion (also described in terms of faith or spirituality) as experienced in the USA, particularly regarding the interrelationship between business and religion within the contexts of culture, law and management. With a solid understanding of these subjects, business leaders, judges and public policy officials will be able to more effectively deal with issues arising from a more religious workplace.Design/methodology/approachThis paper begins by examining the religious nature of the USA, with attention paid to the embrace of religious tolerance from a cultural perspective and religious liberty from a legal perspective. The piece then looks at the characteristics associated with religious vibrancy. Then, the paper delves into the impact of religion on business, both yesterday and today. Legal and managerial literature, studies and perspectives are used to determine how business can respond and perhaps even embrace a more religious business environment.FindingsAfter describing and critiquing cultural, legal and managerial dimensions associated with an increasingly religious business environment at worker and owner levels, this paper suggests there exists currently an adequate legal structure to serve the needs of religious workers and owners, if properly managed. More research is needed to find solutions to situations where competing interests conflict, but this paper provides a foundation upon which further study can be conducted.Originality/valueThis paper draws from cultural, legal and management sources to provide an understanding of the current religious environment facing business, legal and public policy leaders.
Strategic predisposition in communication management
Authors: Kim Soojin 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify factors influencing an organization’s predisposition to bridging strategy, and tests relationships between those factors and bridging strategy.Design/methodology/approach– Online survey was conducted in South Korea. Hierarchical regression was used.Findings– Identified factors are environmental complexity, top management attitude toward stakeholders, analysis orientation, and authoritarian culture.Research limitations/implications– By adopting the concept and measures of bridging as an organization’s public-engagement strategy, this study was able to capture an organization’s strategic approach for problem-solving in communication management.Practical implications– Strong analysis orientation allows organizations to look into problems in their complex environments affecting their performance and their key stakeholders before deciding on strategies; resultantly, they are more likely to reduce problems and to improve their performance. In contrast, authoritarian culture discourages an organization’s adoption of bridging strategy.Originality/value– This study is the first empirical study investigating the dynamics of factors influencing organizations’ strategic predisposition in communication management.
A practice perspective on strategic communication
Authors: Aggerholm Helle Kryger , Asmuß Birte 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to link the authentic, communicative activities, e.g. organization-wide meetings at the micro-level, to the institutionalized practices at the macro-level within an organization, e.g. change management decisions and communication strategy (Steyn, 2003). Thus, the concern is with the relationship between institutionalized strategic management and the real-life strategic communication processes, thus advancing the understanding of the role of texts and discourses in the actual practice of strategic communication in an organizational context of strategic change processes.Design/methodology/approach– The data are based on a large corpus of video-taped management meetings and organization-wide meetings in a large Danish public, knowledge-based organization. The method applied for studying the management discourse is a conversation-analytical approach (Sackset al., 1974; Sidnell, 2010). This method has been chosen as it enables the authors to focus on micro-aspects of organizational practices (Nicolini, 2013) by investigating the interactional patterns that serve as resources for doing legitimation as an institutionalized practice.Findings– The common denominator for the entire analysis is legitimation accomplished through the discursive use of distanciation and the analysis identifies three different discursive elements or micro-level strategies directly related to the concrete doing of strategic communication. First, legitimation is created by reference to the socio-economic context of the organization. Second, legitimation is generated by means of pointing to the abnormality of the strategic situation. And third legitimation is fostered by the use of idiomatic expressions. These different ways of accomplishing legitimacy are in a strategy-as-practice perspective related to the specific, in-situ communicative praxis and accomplished by the concrete actions of the strategic communicators, and thus the authors can position the instances of strategic communication at the organizational micro-level.Originality/value– This paper studies at a micro-level how strategic actors use various discursive resources to legitimize strategic decisions and how these resources constitute the discursive basis of strategic communication as a managerial practice. The authors focus on the role of discourse in the legitimization processes of strategic managerial decisions analyzing micro-level instances of organizational communication. The paper thereby links the actor process activities (Langley, 2007), e.g. organization-wide meetings at the micro-level, to the institutional field practices at the macro-level within an organization, e.g. strategy and planning (Johnsonet al., 2007).
Message strategies in smartphone patent battles
Authors: Kim Ji Young 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of message attributes on public opinion in regards to corporate reputation and communication intention.Design/methodology/approach– It conducted a 2×2 between-subject factorial experiment, manipulating media messages in terms of which company owns the patents, and the level of innovation emphasized through the companies’ marketing communication efforts.Findings– The two-way analysis of variance results showed that, for Samsung, the main effects of the two independent variables (ownership and innovation) were found on the perceived corporate reputation; while only a main effect of innovation capability attribute was found on the perceived secondary communication intention for Apple.Research limitations/implications– One main theoretical contribution of this current study is the exploration of the attribute level of agenda setting in the context of a business communication setting with an experimental study.Practical implications– This result would suggest that practitioners should focus on their marketing strategies as well when they are involved in a lawsuit case. When a company loses a lawsuit, the company’s perceived reputation is dropped; however, the dropping gap can be reduced when the company has been portrayed as an innovative leader in the market.Social implications– Combined together, market shares of the two companies exceed more than half of the smartphone vender sales, and they have set the standard in the smartphone industry. Hence, media and public pay great attention to the patent battles. Court rulings are not only survived in the courtroom, but the fight also took place in their marketing, communication, and public relations.Originality/value– This is an empirical experiment exploring a causal effect of message attributes on public opinion. The two companies in this study are the industry leaders and the case is current.
Strategic intent, organizational environment, and organizational learning mechanisms
Authors: Fang Shih-Chieh , Chen Hung Ku 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop different kinds of organizational learning mechanisms based on various types of strategic intents (proactive- and reactive-orientation) and organizational environments (stable and unstable).

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors utilized a grounded theory approach, and corroborated the results using multiple interviews and documents related to various cases. The authors determined the inter-judge agreement and performed a composite reliability analysis to ensure the robustness of the research.

Findings
– Successful organization learning is contingent upon managerial strategic intent and the organizational environment in which the organization operates. Proactive strategic intent will cultivate a group-oriented learning system, whereas reactive strategic intent emphasizes the effectiveness of personal learning. Firms in an environment marked by radical change utilize experiential learning mechanisms (participation- and experience-orientation), whereas firms in a stable environment use a specialist-knowledge-oriented approach to learning (benchmarking- and specializing-orientation).

Originality/value
– The authors offer a theoretical framework two-by-two matrix that has practical implications in providing managers with guidance in selecting the appropriate organizational learning mechanism to implement in their firms.
Entrepreneurial marketing in online businesses
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Naveed , Daniel Elizabeth 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the marketing of online businesses operated by ethnic minority entrepreneurs. The authors apply an entrepreneurial marketing lens to explore how such entrepreneurs draw on the resources to market their businesses. They also consider whether online businesses offer such entrepreneurs the opportunity to break out of the highly competitive sectors with which they are traditionally associated.Design/methodology/approachKey informant interviews are undertaken with 22 entrepreneurs operating online businesses in the UK and augmented by complementary sources of data such as their websites and press coverage.FindingsUse of an entrepreneurial marketing perspective demonstrates that marketing in such businesses is not haphazard or chaotic. Rather it reflects the emergent and flexible use of resources. The affordances of online businesses appear to offer opportunities for break out, but the reliance on incremental experimentation and copying others results in highly homogeneous approaches to marketing. The authors also provide empirical evidence of the link between visa status and entrepreneurial choices.Originality/valueDespite the popularity of online businesses, previous studies have not explored them as an opportunity for ethnic minority entrepreneurs. This study moves the consideration of break out from market-entry to the ongoing marketing activities that sustain a business. It also demonstrates how the domains of ethnic minority entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial marketing can be brought together via a focus on resources. Finally, it enriches entrepreneurial marketing by evidencing connections with notions of effectuation and entrepreneur-venture fit.
Using qualitative research for establishing content validity of e-lifestyle and website quality constructs
Authors: Pandey Shweta , Chawla Deepak 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This study illustrates the use of qualitative methods for establishing content validity for e-lifestyle and website quality constructs in relation to their impact on loyalty towards clothing e-retailers. The use of constructs without going through a content validation process limits the overall validity of conclusions drawn from the research results and therefore, the study addresses this research gap.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a detailed literature review, dimensions of the two constructs were identified. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions across 29 online shoppers were used for exploring the definition and scope of each construct dimension. This was followed by identification, adaptation and/or addition of items for each dimension basis inputs from respondents. Further, expert inputs were used for elimination of redundant items whilst ensuring proportional representation of all facets of the construct domain.

Findings
Use of qualitative methods for content validity and scale item development in effect contributed to the existing literature and highlighted issues as well as suggestions for clothing e-retailers.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is limited to the process of content validity. Further techniques may be used for establishing other forms of validity. Modification and adaptation of constructs may be required for other product segments.

Practical implications
The paper enhances the extant knowledge about the two constructs in terms of definitions and items, which can be further used for marketing and driving loyalty.

Originality/value
The use of qualitative methods for establishing content validity is an important but often neglected step in marketing research. This paper reveals how the same can reveal interesting and important insights for marketers.
Antipodean agricultural and resource economics at 60: agricultural innovation
Authors: Alston Julian M. , Pardey Philip G. 
Published: July 2016

Innovation in agriculture – itself an innovation some 10,000 years ago – is at the centre of many economic and social issues, either as a cause of problems or a solution to them. From the beginning, but especially over the past 150 years, innovation has transformed agriculture and in doing so has contributed to the transformation of whole economies. The consequences have been profoundly important for lives and livelihoods, generally favourable, but almost always with some undesirable consequences for at least some people. Economic and policy issues arise because agricultural research is subject to various market failures, because the resulting innovations and technological changes have important economic consequences for net income and its distribution among individuals and among factors of production, and because the consequences are difficult to discern and attribute among causes. These issues have been studied by economists and documented in the literature on the economics of innovation in agriculture that began as such in the 1950s, around the time of the creation of the Australian Agricultural Economics Society. Members of that nascent society were early contributors to this emerging field of study and have played disproportionately significant roles in it over the ensuing decades.
Iron‐encapsulated cold‐set whey protein isolate gel powder – Part 1: Optimisation of preparation conditions and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Onsekizoglu Bagci Pelin , Gunasekaran Sundaram 
Published: July 2016

A central composite design with a quadratic model was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables involved in the synthesis of iron‐encapsulated cold‐set whey protein isolate gel (WPI) on encapsulation efficiency (EE) and L*, a*, b* colour characteristics. The optimal conditions for maximum EE with minimum colour alteration were determined as 6.8% WPI, 18.8 mM iron and pH 7. In an in vitro gastrointestinal assay, only about 28% of the encapsulated iron was released in the gastric condition (with pepsin at pH 1.2), compared to 95% in the intestinal condition (with pancreatin at pH 7.5).
Long‐term response of temperate canopy trees to removal of browsing from an invasive arboreal herbivore in New Zealand
Authors: Sweetapple Peter J. , Nugent Graham , Whitford Jacqueline , Latham M. Cecilia , Pekelharing Kees 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDefoliation of forest tree canopies by herbivores and other agents, leading to tree mortality and reduced productivity, threatens the ecological stability of forests globally. This study shows that long‐term control of a mammalian arboreal folivore (brushtail possums;Trichosurus vulpeculaPhalangeridae) reduces crown dieback and increases foliage cover in browsing‐damaged canopy trees. We monitored indices of possum density, possum browsing, tree foliage cover and crown dieback for 20 years following initiation of possum control in 1994 that repeatedly reduced possum densities to near zero every 5–6 years and kept the population below 35% of pre‐control levels over the entire period. Observable possum browsing was recorded on 20–49% of individuals of three palatable tree species at the time of first control. Those percentages fell to zero after control and never exceeded 2–10% for individual species over the next 19 years. We recorded significant increases in foliage cover attributable to recovery from defoliation by possums for all three species during the first 10 years. Large increases in foliage cover occurred on individuals that were heavily browsed in 1994 (mean increases: 36–89%), but mean population increases were modest (3–19%) because only 10–19% of trees were initially heavily browsed. Twenty‐year mortality rates were similar for plants with, or without, initial possum browsing, indicating no residual impact of pre‐control browsing on tree mortality. Times for full recovery of crown foliage cover varied from 10 years for the youngest trees and faster growing species to more than 20 years for mature individuals of the slowest growing species.
Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor results in a hypofibrinolytic state in adolescents with obesity: in vivo and ex vivo evidence
Authors: Dietrich Kevin , Ball Geoff D. C. , Mitchell Lesley G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObesity in adolescents increases their risk for deep vein thrombosis. The objectives of this study were to determine potential mechanisms for thrombotic risk by investigating the fibrinolytic pathway in a sample of adolescents with and without obesity. Thirty‐seven adolescents with obesity and 16 normal weight age‐matched controls were recruited. Plasma levels of components of the fibrinolytic system were measured in addition to a Global Haemostasis Potential assay (GHP), which assesses plasma capacity to generate and lyse a fibrin clot. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/PAI complexes were increased in adolescents with obesity when compared to normal weight controls. There was a significant inverse association of increasing PAI with a decrease in plasmin‐antiplasmin complexes. The GHP in obese adolescents displayed a hypofibrinolytic response with a markedly increased t½ clot lysis time, as well as an increase in fibrin clot density as indicated by increased absorbance at maximum peak height. In the obese group, immunodepletion of PAI decreased both t½ lysis time and absorbance at maximum peak height. We have shown in vivo and ex vivo there is a hypofibrinolytic state in obese adolescents and have established the hypofibrinolytic state is due to increased PAI levels.