bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco‐Efficiency Model for Evaluating Feedlot Rations in the Great Plains, United States
Authors: Hengen Tyler J. , Sieverding Heidi L. , Cole Noel A. , Ham Jay M. , Stone James J. 
Published: April 2016

Environmental impacts attributable to beef feedlot production provide an opportunity for economically linked efficiency optimization. Eco‐efficiency models are used to optimize production and processes by connecting and quantifying environmental and economic impacts. An adaptable, objective eco‐efficiency model was developed to assess the impacts of dietary rations on beef feedlot environmental and fiscal cost. The hybridized model used California Net Energy System modeling, life cycle assessment, principal component analyses (PCA), and economic analyses. The model approach was based on 38 potential feedlot rations and four transportation scenarios for the US Great Plains for each ration to determine the appropriate weight of each impact. All 152 scenarios were then assessed through a nested PCA to determine the relative contributing weight of each impact and environmental category to the overall system. The PCA output was evaluated using an eco‐efficiency model. Results suggest that water, ecosystem, and human health emissions were the primary impact category drivers for feedlot eco‐efficiency scoring. Enteric CH4 emissions were the greatest individual contributor to environmental performance (5.7% of the overall assessment), whereas terrestrial ecotoxicity had the lowest overall contribution (0.2% of the overall assessment). A well‐balanced ration with mid‐range dietary and processing energy requirements yielded the most eco‐ and environmentally efficient system. Using these results, it is possible to design a beef feed ration that is more economical and environmentally friendly. This methodology can be used to evaluate eco‐efficiency and to reduce researcher bias of other complex systems.Core Ideas
Objective eco‐efficiency scores can be produced using principal component analyses.
Large numbers of scenarios can be effectively assessed using eco‐efficiency scoring.
Feedlot feed diets impact the sustainability of beef products.
Kelenteng: Benteng Terakhir Dan Titik Awal Perkembangan Kebudayaan Tionghoa Di Indonesia
Authors: Herwiratno M. 
Published: April 2016

This article discussed about the degradation of culture among Tionghoa society in Indonesia due to public pressure during Orde Baru era. It is fortune during the hard time, kelenteng as the place for prayer for Tionghoa society also had became place of protection for many forms of culture, such as life philosophy, ritual, and art. And now after the political pressure removed and the Tionghoa society wanted to know their culture, kelenteng becomes one of the important sources for knowledge about Tionghua’s culture. But, that apparently was not easy because many kelenteng were in sad condition and being pushed away by the Tionghoa society itself.
The Comparison of Bilingual and Monolingual Learners Ability in Identifying Sentences using Reduced Clause
Authors: Herlina Clara 
Published: April 2016

English and Indonesian have similar rules in the placement of head noun in adjective clause, that is head noun precedes the clause. However, in English it is possible to reduce the clause while in Indonesian it is not possible to do it. This difference causes difficulty for students learning English especially those whose language background is different. Binus University students come from different provinces around Indonesia and thus they have different language backgrounds. The research declares the difference of this background in identifying reduced clause. They are categorized into monolinguals if they only speak Indonesian at home and bilinguals if they speak both Indonesian and their ethnic languages. The purpose of this study is to find out whether bilinguals perform better than monolinguals, or vice versa, in processing reduced clause sentences.
Prinsip Dasar Budha Zen dalam Chanoyu
Authors: Putri Anastasia Merry Christiani Widya , Handayani Ratna 
Published: April 2016

One of the Japanese traditional cultures that had been well known since the 16th century was chanoyu, the tea ceremony presented for the guests and carried out in chasitsu. Tea was introduced in Japan in the 16th century by bhiksu Zen. Formerly, the tea was used for a light stimulation for meditation, drug ingredients, media for Buddha Zen dissemination, dan developing chanoyu spiritual basic. One of the tea ceremony masters, Sen no Rikyu, used four basic principles in chanoyu, those were harmony (wa), respect (kei), purity (sei), silence (jaku). Article elaborated the four basic principles of Buddha Zen in tea ceremony applied in Urasenke chanoyu. Library research and descriptive analysis were applied in this research. The research results indicate that there are wa-keisei-jaku principles and wabi sabi concepts in the Japanese tea ceremony.
Use Of Imagery And Metaphor In Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger
Authors: Kasbekar Sushama 
Published: April 2016

This paper focuses on the use of imagery and metaphors in Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger (2008). The writer deliberately and skillfully uses animal imagery and other kinds of metaphors to highlight the intrinsic values of his characters and present themes and characters vividly. This paper highlights how this imagery and metaphor has been used by the writer to bring out the thematic rich and poor divide or the servitude of the poor and overbearing opulence of the rich. The metaphors give added value to the themes and the characters and provide an immediate verbal picture.
The Individual Features Of Indonesian-Chinese Mini-Novels
Authors: Feng Ma 
Published: April 2016

This article talks about mini-novels in the new period of Indonesian Chinese Literature. Through the overall developing trend of mini-novels’ corpuses, analyzes the individual creative features: firstly, the humor of Mo Mingmiao’s Mini-novels; secondly, the compassion of Xiao Xing’s Mini-novels; thirdly, Yuan Ni’s emotional sonata of The Lost Key-ring. By combination of themes and techniques of the three mini-novels corpuses, the article focuses on the analysis of three writers’ distinctive writing style.
Dampak Peningkatan Jumlah Wanita Bekerja Karena Meningkatnya Taraf Pendidikan Terhadap Fenomena Shoushika Di Jepang (2002-2007)
Authors: Handayani Ratna , Salim Mayumi 
Published: April 2016

Shoushika is a phenomenon facing today's Japanese society. Shoushika become a trend since the increasing female workers delay childbearing which consequently decrease the birth growth in Japan. Due to the decreasing number of future generations, the rate of Japanese economy is hampered and causes restlessness in society about the future. The author felt the need to analyze the underlying problems of women workers that delay having children. Its objective is to find the background of working Japanese females delaying childbearing in relation with the rising level of education, career and salary, referring to the feminism theory developed in Japan.
The Comparison Of Qingming Festival In Bengkalis City, Riau, And In Sungailiat, Bangka
Authors: Sufianto Agustinus , Anggastia Nita , Hayani Yanti 
Published: April 2016

Qingming Festival is a great festival and tradition for Chinese to commemorate their ancestors. This activity is considered necessary to do by Chinese nation. Qingming festival reflects xiaoxin (孝心) which means devotion toward the elderly or ancestor and is regarded as an educational culture. This tradition is well preserved until now. This study is objected to compare the Qingming festival held in Bengkalis City, Riau, and one held in Sungailiat, Bangka. By visiting directly those places and interviewing some Chinese people there, we will study and conclude some comparison on this subject.
Dari Mianzi Dan Lian Menuju Face: Dari Kearifan Lokal Cina Menuju Teori Kesantunan Yang Mendunia
Authors: Pramujiono Agung 
Published: April 2016

The politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1987) about face is regarded as one very influential. In fact, it was rooted from Eastern local wisdom (ancient China), that is “mianzi” and “lian”. Mianzi represents social perceptions of one’s self-esteem built through lian as one’s morality. Politeness and limao have the same pragmatic basis but they can be perceived differently due to the varied cultural contexts underlying a speech community. In the intercultural pragmatics study, the differences should not form the sources of conflict but they should even be considered as varieties of pluralities about which the interactants should be understood in order that interpersonal communication activities can run harmoniously and can be avoided from all kinds of conflict and friction.
The Subaltern Voice in A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Khosseini
Authors: Soraya Soraya 
Published: April 2016

Life in Afghanistan puts female as the second sex and the victims of patriarchy. In the eye of Orientalism, women are the east. Thus, they can be colonized and suppressed (the subaltern). This study was designed to answer the question how was the voice of the subaltern being represented by the characters in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Khosseini. Library research was applied in this study. Data were analyzed using postcolonial theory, specifically from Gayatri Spivak. The conclusion presents that both characters, Mariam and Laila is the representation of the subaltern who created voice to fight against the oppression. Between Mariam, the symbol of traditional woman, and Laila, the symbol of modern woman, only Laila who can reach the freedom. However, it is impossible to achieve without the courage and sacrifice of Mariam
Functional approach using intraoperative brain mapping and neurophysiological monitoring for the surgical treatment of brain metastases in the central region
Authors: Sanmillan Jose L. , Fernández-Coello Alejandro , Fernández-Conejero Isabel , Plans Gerard , Gabarrós Andreu 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Brain metastases are the most frequent intracranial malignant tumor in adults. Surgical intervention for metastases in eloquent areas remains controversial and challenging. Even when metastases are not infiltrating intra-parenchymal tumors, eloquent areas can be affected. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the role of a functional guided approach for the resection of brain metastases in the central region.

METHODS
Thirty-three patients (19 men and 14 women) with perirolandic metastases who were treated at the authors' institution were reviewed. All participants underwent resection using a functional guided approach, which consisted of using intraoperative brain mapping and/or neurophysiological monitoring to aid in the resection, depending on the functionality of the brain parenchyma surrounding each metastasis. Motor and sensory functions were monitored in all patients, and supplementary motor and language area functions were assessed in 5 and 4 patients, respectively. Clinical data were analyzed at presentation, discharge, and the 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS
The most frequent presenting symptom was seizure, followed by paresis. Gross-total removal of the metastasis was achieved in 31 patients (93.9%). There were 6 deaths during the follow-up period. After the removal of the metastasis, 6 patients (18.2%) presented with transient neurological worsening, of whom 4 had worsening of motor function impairment and 2 had acquired new sensory disturbances. Total recovery was achieved before the 3rd month of follow-up in all cases. Excluding those patients who died due to the progression of systemic illness, 88.9% of patients had a Karnofsky Performance Scale score greater than 80% at the 6-month follow-up. The mean survival time was 24.4 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of intraoperative electrical brain stimulation techniques in the resection of central region metastases may improve surgical planning and resection and may spare eloquent areas. This approach also facilitates maximal resection in these and other critical functional areas, thereby helping to avoid new postoperative neurological deficits. Avoiding permanent neurological deficits is critical for a good quality of life, especially in patients with a life expectancy of over a year.
RICH KOZAI–LIDOV DYNAMICS IN AN INITIALLY THIN AND ECCENTRIC STELLAR DISK AROUND A SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE
Authors: Haas Jaroslav , Šubr Ladislav 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
There is growing evidence of star formation in the vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei. A viable scenario for this process assumes infall of a massive gas cloud toward the SMBH and subsequent formation of a dense accretion disk, which gives birth to the young stars. Numerical hydrodynamical models indicate that this star formation process is rather fast and precedes full circularization of the accretion flow, i.e., the new stars are born on elliptic orbits. By means of direct numerical N-body modeling, we show in this paper that the nonzero eccentricity of the stellar disks around the SMBH leads to an onset of various types of the Kozai–Lidov oscillations of a non-negligible subset of individual orbits in the disk, showing a remarkable robustness of this classical mechanism. Among others, we demonstrate that under certain circumstances, the presence of an additional spherical cluster (which is generally known to damp Kozai–Lidov oscillations) may trigger such oscillations as a result of affecting the internal flow of the angular momentum through the disk. We conclude that the Kozai–Lidov oscillations are capable of substantially modifying the initial structure of the disk (its thickness and distribution of eccentricities, in particular).
THE OPTICAL VARIABILITY OF SDSS QUASARS FROM MULTI-EPOCH SPECTROSCOPY. II. COLOR VARIATION
Authors: Guo (郭恒潇) Hengxiao , Gu Minfeng 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigated the optical/ultraviolet (UV) color variations for a sample of 2169 quasars based on multi-epoch spectroscopy in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data releases seven (DR7) and nine (DR9). To correct the systematic difference between DR7 and DR9 due to the different instrumental setup, we produced a correction spectrum by using a sample of F-stars observed in both DR7 and DR9. The correction spectrum was then applied to quasars when comparing the spectra of DR7 with DR9. In each object, the color variation was explored by comparing the spectral index of the continuum power-law fit on the brightest spectrum with the faintest one, and also by the shape of their difference spectrum. In 1876 quasars with consistent color variations from two methods, we found that most sources (1755, ∼94%) show the bluer-when-brighter (BWB) trend, and the redder-when-brighter (RWB) trend is detected in only 121 objects (∼6%). The common BWB trend is supported by the composite spectrum constructed from bright spectra, which is bluer than that from faint spectra, and also by the blue composite difference spectrum. The correction spectrum is proven to be highly reliable by comparing the composite spectrum from corrected DR9 and original DR7 spectra. Assuming that the optical/UV variability is triggered by fluctuations, the RWB trend can likely be explained if the fluctuations occur first in the outer disk region, and the inner disk region has not yet fully responded when the fluctuations are being propagated inward. In contrast, the common BWB trend implies that the fluctuations likely more often happen first in the inner disk region.
VELOCITY-RESOLVED HOT WATER EMISSION DETECTED TOWARD HL TAU WITH THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY
Authors: Kristensen Lars E. , Brown Joanna M. , Wilner David , Salyk Colette 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Using the Submillimeter Array (SMA) on Mauna Kea, the

H

2

16

O

10

2,9

–9

3,6

transition (

E

up

= 1863 K) at 321.2 GHz has been detected toward the embedded low-mass protostar HL Tau. The line centroid is blueshifted by 20 km s−1 with respect to the source velocity, and it has a FWHM of 25 km s−1. The emission is tentatively resolved and extends ∼3″–4″ over the sky (∼2 beams), or ∼500 au at the distance of Taurus. The velocity offset, and to a lesser degree the spatial extent of the emission, show that the line originates in the protostellar jet or wind. This result suggests that at least some water emission observed with Herschel and Spitzer toward embedded sources, and perhaps also disk sources, contains a wind or jet component, which is crucial for interpreting these data. These pathfinder observations done with the SMA open a new window into studying the origin of water emission with e.g., ALMA, thus providing new insights into where water is in protostellar systems.
How Mitigation Techniques Affect Reliability Results for BGAs
Authors: Caswell Greg , Keener Melissa 
Published: April 2016

Since 2006 RoHS requirements have required lead free solders to take the place of tin-lead solders in electronics. The problem is that in some environments the lead free solders are less reliable than the older tin-lead solders. One of the ways to solve this problem is to corner stake, edge bond or underfill the components. When considering what mitigation technique and material to use, the operating conditions must be characterized. The temperature range is important when selecting a material to use since the glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are important properties. If improperly chosen, the mitigation material can cause more failures than an unmitigated component.
This study focused on 208 I/O BGAs on a 4 layer FR4 board. There were three solders tested; two lead free (SAC305 and SN100C) and one leaded (SnPb). Three mitigation techniques were tested: corner staking, edge bonding, and underfilling. Each of these techniques had two mitigation materials tested. One material was reworkable and the other was not. The boards were subjected to mechanical shock testing and sinusoidal vibration testing until failure.
The results of the testing show that no one mitigation technique is best for all of the conditions tested. The same is true for the mitigation material. The best choice of mitigation technique and material is application dependent.
Improvements in Decision Making Criteria for Thermal Warpage
Authors: Hubble Neil 
Published: April 2016

Surface mount components are commonly evaluated for out-of-plane warpage levels across reflow temperatures. Decision making for acceptable warpage levels is primarily made based on signed warpage levels of a single component surface, per industry standards. This paper discusses how a single signed warpage value is an oversimplified and incomplete way to describe a surface mount attachment between two mating surfaces that change in shape over temperature. Specific examples are shown where current industry standard gauges for thermal warpage are misleading. Issues include current industry standard equations for calculation of signed warpage.
Optimal understanding of effects of warpage on surface mount attachment includes analysis of both mating surfaces under the same thermal and test conditions. Examples are shown of dual surface analysis, where gap between mating surfaces becomes the critical value in place of signed warpage. Evaluating both sides of two attaching surfaces is the optimal way to understand surface mount defects related to thermal warpage. However, many companies dealing with SMT will not have reasonable access to the surfaces to which their products will be attached. The paper goes on to discuss different approaches to more effectively quantify a single surface over temperature. This includes, but is not limited to, adding equations for signal strength values to currently established signed warpage standards.
Assessing the quality of digital elevation models obtained from mini unmanned aerial vehicles for overland flow modelling in urban areas
Authors: Leitão João P. , Moy de Vitry Matthew , Scheidegger Andreas , Rieckermann Jörg 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Precise and detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential to accurately predict overland flow in urban areas. Unfortunately, traditional sources of DEM, such as airplane light detection and ranging (lidar) DEMs and point and contour maps, remain a bottleneck for detailed and reliable overland flow models, because the resulting DEMs are too coarse to provide DEMs of sufficient detail to inform urban overland flows. Interestingly, technological developments of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) suggest that they have matured enough to be a competitive alternative to satellites or airplanes. However, this has not been tested so far. In this study we therefore evaluated whether DEMs generated from UAV imagery are suitable for urban drainage overland flow modelling. Specifically, 14 UAV flights were conducted to assess the influence of four different flight parameters on the quality of generated DEMs: (i) flight altitude, (ii) image overlapping, (iii) camera pitch, and (iv) weather conditions. In addition, we compared the best-quality UAV DEM to a conventional lidar-based DEM. To evaluate both the quality of the UAV DEMs and the comparison to lidar-based DEMs, we performed regression analysis on several qualitative and quantitative metrics, such as elevation accuracy, quality of object representation (e.g. buildings, walls and trees) in the DEM, which were specifically tailored to assess overland flow modelling performance, using the flight parameters as explanatory variables. Our results suggested that, first, as expected, flight altitude influenced the DEM quality most, where lower flights produce better DEMs; in a similar fashion, overcast weather conditions are preferable, but weather conditions and other factors influence DEM quality much less. Second, we found that for urban overland flow modelling, the UAV DEMs performed competitively in comparison to a traditional lidar-based DEM. An important advantage of using UAVs to generate DEMs in urban areas is their flexibility that enables more frequent, local, and affordable elevation data updates, allowing, for example, to capture different tree foliage conditions.
Relation between Children’s Well-Being and Family Function in Children with Thalassemia Major in Isfahan in 2013
Authors: Keshvari Mahrokh , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Abedi Heidarali 
Published: April 2016

<p>The function of every family has a significant impact on the health of its members. Thalassemia is a chronic disease and, as the most common genetic disorder in the world, affects different aspects of life, including emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between well-being in children with a Thalassemia major and the function of their families, in Isfahan, Iran, in 2013. This was a cross sectional study and census sampling was used to collect the data. The study sample consisted of 97 children with thalassemia at the age of 10-16 years who referred to the clinic of Imam Reza, Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital in Isfahan. The subjects were evaluated using the Adolescent Psychological Wellbeing Scale and Family Functioning Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a reverse relationship between the overall score of family functioning and illness score of children with thalassemia (r=-0.377, P&lt;0.001). In other words, children with thalassemia who are in families with a higher functionality have a greater sense of well-being. Among the 15 aspects of family functioning, the aspect of expressiveness and Lack of independence had the highest correlation with well-being in children with thalassemia. However, the aspect of locus of control and Disengagement had the lowest correlation with their well-being. The results of this study showed that there is a direct relationship between family functioning and emotional well-being of children with thalassemia major. Therefore, an important task of public health nurses is to improve the function of families in various aspects. The strengthening of family planning and implementation of projects in this regard is also necessary. </p>