bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Transfer Considerations in the Design of Vapor-Phase photocatalytic Reactors
Authors: Τ- Raissi Ali , Martin Eric D. , Jaganathan Sivakumar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs the bench-scale photoreactors are upscaled to progressively larger units, heat and mass transfer considerations become increasingly important. Powerful analytical and computational techniques are available to augment experimental data and aid process optimization and scale up. In this paper, the analytical and computational techniques available for the design of vapor-phase photocatalytic reactors are discussed. First, the Graetz- Nusselt-Leveque problem in annuli is analyzed and its application to the design of the photocatalytic reactors described. Then, the analytical predications are compared to experimental flow reactor data. Finally, results from a Computational Fluid Dynamics program simulating a flow field within an annular baffled photoreactor are given and discussed. These techniques are particularly useful as they simplify the design and scale-up of vapor-phase photocatalytic reactors.
Quantum Efficiencies of the Photocatalytic Decomposition of Trichloroethylene in Water. A Comparative Study for Different Varieties of Titanium Dioxide Catalysts
Authors: Cabrera María I. , Alfano Orlando M. , Cassano Alberto E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuantum efficiencies of the photocatalytic decomposition of trichloroethylene employing a suspension of titanium dioxide in water and polychromatic radiation have been investigated. Aldrich, Degussa P25 and Hombikat 100 titanium dioxides were studied using an approach that permits the correct evaluation of the true absorbed UV radiation. Computed results using initial reaction rates show that differences in efficiencies among the different varieties of titanium dioxides are not very dramatic. However, reaction conversion after several hours of identical operating conditions favors the use of the Aldrich catalyst. Quantum efficiencies show an important dependence with the initial reactant concentration, the irradiation intensity and the catalyst loading. Under some operating conditions, quantum efficiencies as high as 50 % were measured.
Reaction Kinetics of the Suspended Solid, Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyzed Decompostion of Trichloroethylene in Water
Authors: Alfano Orlando M. , Cabrera María I. , Cassano Alberto E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA kinetic model to represent the intrinsic reaction kinetics of the decomposition of trichloroethylene in water, employing suspended titanium dioxide catalytic particles is presented. The catalyst activation was produced bjy radiation energy in the near ultraviolet range (300 nm s λ <, 400 nm) and oxygen concentration was always in excess inside the reacting medium. The model is based on Turchi and Ollis (1) proposed reaction sequence. The described formulation incorporates a precise and detailed evaluation of the radiation energy absorption effects. Experiments were carried out in a one-dimensional-one directional reactor, placed inside the loop of a batch recycling system. Initial concentration of trichloroethylene was in the range of 0.15 × 10
Photodegradation of Organic Compounds in the Vapor Phase Using TiO2-Coated Optical Fibers
Authors: González-Martín Anuncia , Jeevarajan Antony S. , Murphy Oliver J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA variety of trace contaminants can accumulate in closed atmospheres, both in space and on earth, where they may pose a health threat to the human occupants. Complete photodegradation of organic pollutants with oxygen can be carried out on TiO
Modeling of a Photocatalytic Honeycombed Monolith Reactor for Air Purification Processes
Authors: Hossain Md. Moazzem , Raupp Gregory B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA steady-state mathematical model was developed to provide a sound theoretical basis for quantifying the inherent UV energy utilization capabilities and performance limitations of a honeycombed monolith photocatalytic reactor for air purification. The single channel convection-diffusion-reaction model assumes negligible axial dispersion, negligible homogeneous reaction, and fully developed velocity profiles. Numerical solutions to the governing model equations were obtained for both plug flow and for laminar flow. The reactor model employs a first-principles radiation field model developed previously to provide the UV channel wall flux profile down the length of the monolith. A generic, semi-empirical photocatalytic oxidation reaction rate expression was chosen for simulation purposes. The model reveals several key insights into the behavior and design of a photocatalytic honeycomb monolith reactor. In particular, the model shows that UV flux gradients in a monolith of typical dimensions are severe, that only a fraction of the monolith can be effectively photo-activated, and as a consequence process performance is largely controlled by UV distribution. For a given UV profile, the fundamental dimensionless parameters analogous to those for conventional thermal catalytic monoliths (Re, Da) control photocatalytic monolith reactor performance. For fast photocatalytic reactions, the inlet portion of the monolith reactor likely operates in the mass transfer controlled regime. Irradiating the monolith from both the inlet and outlet sides can increase the effective length of the reactor, although the incremental increase in performance does not scale linearly with increased total irradiation flux.
Linear Model IV Estimation When Instruments Are Many or Weak
Authors: Murray Michael P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEconomists rely frequently on instrumental variables estimation to overcome biases that endogenous explanatory variables cause in ordinary least squares estimation. However, traditional instrumental variables estimators, such as two-stage least squares and limited information maximum likelihood estimation, can suffer persistent estimator biases and size-of-test biases in even very large samples if the instruments used are large in number or are only weakly correlated with an endogenous explanatory variable. This paper reviews strategies for grappling with weak instruments and with large numbers of instruments in linear regression models.
Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Low Cardiovascular Risk Individuals: Comparison of Males and Females
Authors: Gungor Zeynep B. , Sipahioglu Nurver , Sonmez Huseyin , Ekmekci Hakan , Toprak Sait , Ayaz Gulsel , Gurel Cigdem Bayram , Mutlu Tugba , Ulutin Turgut , Sipahioglu Fikret , Ilerigelen Barıs 
Published: January 2017

Summary
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for approximately 50% of the total deaths in Turkey. Most of them are related with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Predictive value of endothelial dysfunction markers related with the earliest stage of atherosclerosis has been getting more attention. We hypothesized that differences in endothelial dysfunction biochemical markers among genders would aid to capture proatherogenic activity that was not diagnosed by conventional risk assessment scoring systems.
Methods: We assessed the endothelial dysfuntion markers in 92 Turkish adults who were in the »low CV risk group« according to ESC (European Society of Cardiology)-Score Risk Charts. We compared the males and females.
Results: We observed higher endothelial dysfunction rates in males, with higher median and mean levels of e-NOS, ox-LDL before and after adjustment for HDL lowness and obesity (P=0.018, P=0.036 for NOS; P=0.000, P=0.004 for ox-LDL, respectively). Men had higher hs-CRP levels than females before adjustment (P=0.021). Decreased e-NOS levels were related with FMD for females before adjustment for confounders (P=0.028). We also found significant correlation between e-NOS and ox-LDL levels both before (r=0.360, P<0.001) and after adjustment (r=0.366, P<0.01) for confounders which pointed out the nitrosative stress. In multivariate regression analyses, after adjusting for other endothelial dysfunction markers which were not included in the ESC-risk scoring system, decreased e-NOS levels were independently asssociated with impaired flow mediated dilatation for females (odds ratio 0.3; P=0.038).
Conclusions: Our results underline the importance of gender in evaluating endothelial dysfunction biochemical markers to assess cardiovascular risk for low CV risk indivuals.
The Nature of Fiction/al Utterances
Authors: Voltolini Aberto 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, first of all, I want to try a new defense of the utterance approach as to the relationship between fictional and nonfictional works on the one hand and between fictional and nonfictional utterances on the other hand, notably the idea that the distinction between fictional and nonfictional works is derivative on the distinction between fictional and nonfictional utterances of the sentences that constitute a text. Moreover, I want to account for the second distinction in minimally contextualist semantic terms. Finally, I want to hold that what makes a fictional utterance, hence a fictional work, properly fictional is the contextually pre-semantic fact that its utterer entertains an act of make-believe, where such an act is accounted for in metarepresentational terms. This ultimately means that the fiction/nonfiction distinction is not clarified in terms of the fictional works/nonfictional works distinction, for things rather go the other way around.
The question of Fiction – nonexistent objects, a possible world response from Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Fitzpatrick Noel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe question of fiction is omnipresent within the work of Paul Ricoeur throughout his prolific career. However, Ricoeur raises the questions of fiction in relation to other issues such the symbol, metaphor and narrative. This article sets out to foreground a traditional problem of fiction and logic, which is termed the existence of non-existent objects, in relation to the Paul Ricoeur’s work on narrative. Ricoeur’s understanding of fiction takes place within his overall philosophical anthropology where the fictions and histories make up the very nature of identity both personal and collective. The existence of non-existent objects demonstrates a dichotomy between fiction and history, non-existent objects can exist as fictional objects. The very possibility of the existence of fictional objects entails ontological status considerations. What ontological status do fictional objects have? Ricoeur develops a concept of narrative configuration which is akin to the Kantian productive imagination and configuration frames the question historical narrative and fictional narrative. It is demonstrated that the ontological status of fictional objects can be best understood in a model of possible worlds.
Energy Aspects of Green Buildings – International Experience
Authors: Kauskale L. , Geipele I. , Zeltins N. , Lecis I. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
At present, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main environmental priorities globally, and implementation of sustainability aspects in the construction industry, including energy aspects, is of major importance for long-term environmental development, as buildings have a long life cycle and require many resources both for construction and operation periods. The aim of the research is to analyse energy aspects of green buildings. The results of research show that the construction of green buildings can significantly result in energy savings and has other benefits for different market participants. Future research directions have been identified as well.
Determination of Contact Potential Difference by the Kelvin Probe (Part II) 2. Measurement System by Involving the Composite Bucking Voltage
Authors: Vilitis O. , Rutkis M. , Busenbergs J. , Merkulovs D. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The present research is devoted to creation of a new low-cost miniaturised measurement system for determination of potential difference in real time and with high measurement resolution. Furthermore, using the electrode of the reference probe, Kelvin method leads to both an indirect measurement of electronic work function or contact potential of the sample and measurement of a surface potential for insulator type samples. The bucking voltage in this system is composite and comprises a periodically variable component. The necessary steps for development of signal processing and tracking are described in detail.
Exploratory analyses of migration timing and morphometrics of the Dunnock (Prunella modularis)
Authors: Harnos Andrea , Fehérvári Péter , Piross Imre Sándor , Ágh Nóra , Karcza Zsolt , Konrád Krisztina , Csörgő Tibor 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ornithological studies often rely on large temporal scale ringing datasets as source of information. However, basic descriptive statistics of collected data are rarely provided. In order to fill this gap, here we present the second item of a series of exploratory analyses of migration timing and body size measurements of the most frequent Passerine species at a ringing station located in Central Hungary (1984–2015). First, we give a concise description of foreign ring recoveries of the Dunnock in relation to Hungary. We then shift focus to data of 11,617 individuals deriving from the ringing station, where birds have been trapped, handled and ringed with standardized methodology since 1984. Timing is described through annual and daily capture and recapture frequencies and their descriptive statistics. We show annual mean arrival dates within the study period and we present the cumulative distribution of first captures with stopover durations. We present the distributions of wing, third primary, tail length and body mass, and the annual means of these variables. Furthermore, we show the distribution of individual fat and muscle scores, and the distribution of body mass within each fat score category. We distinguish migration periods (spring and autumn), and age groups (i.e. juveniles and adults). Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the analysed variables. However, we do not aim to interpret the obtained results, merely draw attention to interesting patterns, that may be worth exploring in detail. Data used here are available upon request for further analyses.
Chelators confined into 80pvac-borax highly viscous dispersions for the removal of gypsum degradation layers
Authors: Berlangieri Chiara , Andrina Elisabetta , Matarrese Caterina , Carretti Emiliano , Traversi Rita , Severi Mirko , Chelazzi David , Dei Luigi , Baglioni Piero 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper a new method for the removal of gypsum degradation layers from carbonatic matrices in cultural heritage conservation, using aqueous Highly Viscous Polymeric Dispersions (HVPDs) based on partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) and borax, embedded with chelators, is presented. Due to their interesting viscoelasticity, these systems guarantee a good adhesion to the treated surface and easiness of removal in one step, minimizing the residues. Thus, they can potentially overcome the “residue question” limit associated to traditional methodologies that use thickened solutions of chelators. Here the rheological properties of HVPDs containing different amounts of selected chelating agents are explored and their efficacy in the extraction of gypsum is verified through cleaning tests onto artificially sulfated travertine tiles. The homogeneous removal of gypsum across the surface was checked non-invasively via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 2D Imaging. An analytical protocol for the pre-treatment and the analysis of HVPD samples by means of Ion Cromatography (IC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was set up and the approximate amount of calcium sulfate removed was determined.
Politeness in Pronouns
Authors: Bentein Klaas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn many languages, a person can be addressed either in the second person singular or the second person plural: the former indicates familiarity and/or lack of respect, while the latter suggests distance and/or respect towards the addressee. While in Ancient Greek pronominal reference initially was not used as a ‘politeness strategy’, in the Post-classical period a T–V distinction did develop. In the Early Byzantine period, I argue, yet another pronominal usage developed: a person could also be addressed in the third person singular. This should be connected to the rise of abstract nominal forms of address, a process which can be dated to the fourth century AD.
Selected determinants of strategies to cope with the disease among women treated for gynecological cancer
Authors: Bucholc Marzena , Kucharczyk Marta , Kanadys Katarzyna , Wiktor Krzysztof , Wiktor Henryk 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction. The cancer of the reproductive organ, due to its specificity, is an extremely difficult situation for a woman.

Aim. The aim of the study was to answer the question what are the determinants of strategies to cope with the disease among women treated for cancer of the reproductive organ.

Material and methods. The study included 102 women treated for gynecological cancer. To assess coping strategies with disease, denoting adaptation to cancer, a Mini-Mac standardized scale of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Diseases and the own construction questionnaire were used. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, W. Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results. Research shows that most respondents coped with the disease using the strategy: the fighting spirit (FS), and positive reevaluation (PR), but to a lesser degree they applied preoccupation with anxiety (PwA) and helplessness – hopelessness strategy (HH).

Conclusions. 1. Most of the women fighting against cancer used constructive strategies, while the remaining part – the destructive ones. Choosing the type is determined by factors like the duration of the disease, the incidence of complications during treatment, subjective evaluation of how to improve the health status and satisfaction with treatment or length of hospital stay. 2. Strategies of mental adaptation significantly affect the course of treatment. The use of absorbing anxiety causes significantly more women not to feel the improvement of health and hospitalization for them is a traumatic experience. In contrast, a form of helplessness – hopelessness is associated with low satisfaction with treatment, and lack of improvement in subjective health. People who use fighting spirit were significantly more satisfied with the results of treatment.
Approximal Plaque Index, parameters of calcium-phosphate and iron metabolism and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Książek Katarzyna , Żołnierz Joanna , Sak Jarosław Jerzy 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction. Hemodialysis patients require high standards in the field of dental diseases prevention and also in pharmacological and dialysis methods of combating biochemical disorders. It is necessary to question the methods of monitoring oral hygiene quality among hemodialysis patients.

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Approximal Plaque Index (API) and the quality of life and biochemical parameters of the calcium, phosphate and iron metabolism.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on a group of 124 individuals – 65 women (52%) and 59 men (48%) aged 24-90, volunteered to undergo hemodialysis in chronic renal failure, who consented to participate in this study. All participants of the study were treated for at least 6 months, through repeated hemodialyses in dialysis centers in Lublin. The dental examination was performed and Approximal Plaque Index (API) was determined. The Polish version of the quality of life questionnaire SF-36 was used. The values of urea, serum creatinine concentration, serum level of calcium, serum phosphorus, parathormone, transferrin, ferritin, and iron were also under control. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and Spearman Rank Correlation was used.

Results. Patients with optimal API reported higher levels of iron and lowest concentration of transferrin and serum phosphorus before HD. Patients who were characterized by high levels of phosphate and parathyroid hormone evaluated their functioning in the emotional sphere as worse compared to others. Higher concentrations of iron and transferrin favor a better sense of the quality of life.

Conclusions. Lower concentrations of phosphate before hemodialysis and higher iron levels contribute to maintaining optimal interdental hygiene in patients treated with renal replacement therapy. Normalization of biochemical parameters of calcium-phosphate and iron metabolism promotes a sense of better quality of life among patients on chronic hemodialysis. The level of interdental hygiene does not distinguish between general indicators of the sense of quality of life.
Sociomedical and epidemiological analysis of patients aged 18-34 years visiting the dental office
Authors: Kubić-Filiks Beata , Szalewski Leszek , Pietryka-Michałowska Elżbieta , Fux-Zalewska Kamila , Szymańska Jolanta 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction. Carelessness in caring for oral cavity in adults may contribute to severity of dental caries, periodontal diseases and diseases of mucous membranes that pose a risk to health of both dental and systemic character.

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between selected demographic factors and the cause of visiting the dental practitioner and the dental health status in adults.

Material and methods. The study comprised 194 patients, aged 18-34 who visited in 2015 one of the dental offices in Lublin, which offers treatment under the framework of an agreement with the National Health Fund or for a fee. Gender, age, the place of residence and the reason for visiting the dental office were analyzed. The place of residence was a village, a town of less than 200 thousand inhabitants or the city of more than 200 thousand inhabitants. The reason for visiting the dental office was a checkup visit, loss of filling or a toothache. Dental condition was assessed by calculating the DMF index. The results were statistically analyzed.

Results. In the group of respondents, women accounted for 53.62%, and men – 45.88%. The prevalence of dental caries was 100% and the incidence expressed by the mean DMF index was 14.64±5.78, and increased with age. The main reason for visiting the dentist for 65.46% of respondents was a check-up visit, for 17.53% – loss of filling and for 17.01% – a toothache. The lowest incidence of tooth decay was found in people visiting the dentist for a check-up, higher in patients appearing with the loss of filling and toothache.

Conclusions. A high percentage of people visiting the dentist because of toothache, confirms the low level of health-related knowledge in adult patients. High incidence of tooth decay proves the need to intensify preventive measures against the carious disease in adults. It is necessary to intensify educational activities and programs addressed to the adult part of Polish society to prevent the development of dental caries.