bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proactive phone intervention for older adults to address loneliness identified by a health plan
Authors: Hough Katrina A. , Tha Soe Han , Perissinotto Carla M. , Burnes Preston , Kotwal Ashwin A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSocial isolation and loneliness are associated with poor health and higher health care costs among older adults. Our objective was to determine if older adults identified as at risk for loneliness by a Medicare Advantage health plan could benefit from a proactive telephone support program. We conducted a mixed‐methods pilot efficacy study of outbound calls from an established community‐based telephone program to support older adults identified as at risk for loneliness. One hundred and twenty‐one older adults were enrolled and completed surveys at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Outcomes included loneliness (3‐item UCLA loneliness scale), depression (PHQ‐2 screen), anxiety (GAD‐2 screen), and unhealthy physical and mental health days (CDC Healthy Days Measure). Quantitative data were analyzed using multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression, and open‐ended responses were analyzed thematically. Over 6 months, participants had reductions in loneliness (46% to 28%, p<0.001), depression (36% to 25%, p = 0.07), anxiety (63% to 43%, p = 0.004), unhealthy mental days (14 to 8, p<0.001), and unhealthy physical days (15 to 11, p<0.001). Participants reported high satisfaction with calls, and many felt the calls improved overall mood or health. Findings can inform trials to address loneliness through telephone support and partnerships between community‐based organizations and payors.
Cold atmospheric plasma activated media selectively affects human head and neck cancer cell lines
Authors: di Giacomo Viviana , Balaha Marwa , Pinti Morena , Di Marcantonio Maria Carmela , Cela Ilaria , Acharya Tirtha Raj , Kaushik Nagendra Kumar , Choi Eun Ha , Mincione Gabriella , Sala Gianluca , Perrucci Miryam , Locatelli Marcello , Perrotti Vittoria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel approach for cancer treatment. It can be used to treat liquids—plasma‐activated media (PAM)—which are then transferred to the target as an exogenous source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The present study aimed at chemically characterizing different PAM and assessing their in vitro selectivity against head and neck cancer cells (HNC).MethodsPAM were obtained by exposing 2 and 5 mL of cell culture medium to CAP for 5, 10 and 20 min at a 6 mm working distance. Anions kinetics was evaluated by ion chromatography. Cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis occurrence, and cell cycle modifications were assessed by MTS and flow cytometry, on human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) and HNC cell lines HSC3, HSC4 and A253.ResultsThe 2 mL conditions showed a significant reduction in cell proliferation whereas for the 5 mL the effect was milder, but the time‐dependence was more evident. HaCaT were unaffected by the 5 mL PAM, indicating a selectivity for cancer cells.ConclusionsThe media chemical composition modified by CAP exposure influenced cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, without affecting normal cells.
Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Pimenta‐Barros Liliana Aparecida , Ramos‐García Pablo , González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , Aguirre‐Urizar José Manuel , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo update the current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia (OL), including all studies published worldwide on the subject, selected with the maximum rigor regarding eligibility.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for studies published before June‐2024, with no lower date limit. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for meta‐analyses of proportions. We carried out meta‐analyses, explored heterogeneity across subgroups and identified risk factors with potential prognostic value.ResultsFifty‐five studies (41,231 with OL) were included. The pooled malignant transformation proportion for OL was 6.64% (95% CI = 5.21–8.21). The malignant transformation did not significantly vary by time periods (p = 0.75), 5.35% prior to 1978, 7.06% from 1979 to 2007 and 6.97% during more recent times. The risk factors that significantly had a higher impact on malignant transformation were the non‐homogeneous leukoplakias (RR = 4.23, 95% CI = 3.31–5.39, p < 0.001), the larger size (RR = 2.08, 1.45–2.96, p < 0.001), leukoplakia located on the lateral border of tongue (malignant transformation = 12.71%; RR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.48–2.95, p < 0.001), smoking (RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.25–2.15, p < 0.001), and the presence of epithelial dysplasia (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 2.26–3.35, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOL presents a considerable malignant transformation probability that is especially increased in large non‐homogeneous lesions in smokers, located on the lateral border of the tongue, with epithelial dysplasia.
Changing climate, changing geographies?
Authors: Bulkeley Harriet , McFarlane Colin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEver since climate change came to occupy a place on the research and policy landscape in the 1980s, geography and geographers have been at the forefront of understanding its dynamics and social, economic, ethical, and political consequences. In this collection, we explore how the geographical understanding of climate change has evolved over time. We reflect on what we consider to be the most significant contributions that geography has made to our understanding of climate change, how the discipline's approach to this issue has changed over time, the gaps and limits in our understanding, and what the future of climate‐changed geographies might be.
Treatment adherence and wellness, nutrition, and physical activity outcomes of diabetic patients with comorbid depression during the 18‐month follow‐up of the TELE‐DD study
Authors: Fernández‐Rodrigo María Teresa , Hoyo María Luisa Lozano‐del , Urcola‐Pardo Fernando , Subirón‐Valera Ana Belén , Rodríguez‐Roca Beatriz , Gracia‐Ruiz Diana Cecilia , Gómez‐Borao María Mercedes , Andaluz‐Funcia María Teresa , Artigas‐Alcázar Ana Belén , Roy‐Delgado Juan Francisco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundA good adherence to pharmacological treatment in chronic pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and clinical depression is essential to improve illness prognosis.AimsThe main goal of the TELE‐DD study was to analyze the effectiveness of a telephone, psychoeducational, and individualized intervention carried out by nurses in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid clinical depression with prior nonadherence to pharmacological treatment. In this paper, we describe and analyze secondary outcomes of the trial intervention.MethodsA prospective cohort study was used to assess the effectiveness of a telephonic intervention (IG) in n = 191 participants with a similar control group (CG). Adherence to pharmacological treatment was assessed using the patient's self‐perceived adherence questionnaire. In addition to clinical (HbAc1, HDL, LDL), physical (body mass index, blood pressure) and psychological measures (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 affective state), and psychosocial distress due to Diabetes Distress Scale Questionnaire at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of follow‐up were also analyzed.ResultsThe proportion of “Total Adherents” in the IG was higher throughout the study. This was particularly true at month 18 of the intervention. Self‐perceived adherence rates increased by 27.1% in the IG and by 1.1% in the CG. Results of clinical and physical measures were higher in the IG than in the CG at month 18 of the intervention.Linking Evidence to ActionThe interview based on positive reinforcement as well as individualized attention and flexibility in making telephone calls and dissemination of the intervention in the media closest to the patients were key to achieving good participation and collaboration as well as continuity in adherence to treatment and self‐care.
REM sleep remains paradoxical: sub‐states determined by thalamo‐cortical and cortico‐cortical functional connectivity
Authors: Bastuji Hélène , Daoud Maëva , Magnin Michel , Garcia‐Larrea Luis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring paradoxical sleep (PS, aka REM sleep) the cerebral cortex displays rapid electroencephalographic activity similar to that of wakefulness, whereas in the posterior associative thalamus, rapid activity is interrupted by frequent periods of slow‐wave (delta) oscillations at 2–3 Hz, thereby dissociating the intrinsic frequency in thalamus and cortex. Here we studied the functional consequences of such a dissociation using intrathalamic and intracortical recordings in 21 epileptic patients, applying coherence analysis to examine changes in functional connectivity between the posterior thalamus (mainly medial pulvinar) and six cortical functional networks, and also between each cortical network with respect to the others. Periods of slow‐wave thalamic activity (‘delta PS’) were more prevalent than phases of ‘rapid PS,’ and the delta/rapid thalamic alternance did not overlap with the classical tonic/phasic dichotomy based on rapid eye movements. Thalamo‐cortical and cortico‐cortical functional connectivity significantly decreased during delta PS, relative to both rapid PS periods and to wakefulness. The fact that delta thalamic activity and low thalamo‐cortical binding coincided with a suppression of cortico‐cortical connectivity supports a crucial role for the posterior associative thalamus, and particularly the medial pulvinar, in ensuring trans‐thalamic communication between distant cortical areas. Disruption of such a trans‐thalamic communication during delta PS compromises the functional binding between cortical areas, and consequently might contribute to the alteration of perceptual experiences commonly reported during dreams.
imageKey points
During paradoxical, or REM, sleep (PS), rapid thalamic activity is interrupted by frequent periods of slow delta waves at 2–3 Hz.
During these periods of thalamic delta activity there was a drastic drop of functional connectivity between associative thalamus and cortex, and also among different cortical networks.
The delta/rapid alternance did not overlap with the classically defined ‘tonic/phasic’ periods and therefore suggests a distinct dichotomy of functional states in PS.
Recurrent decrease in thalamo‐cortical and cortico‐cortical functional connectivity during PS may compromise the spatio‐temporal binding between cortical areas, which in turn could hinder the formation of coherent mental content during dreams.
Numerical Analysis on Influence of Double-Sided 3D-Patterned Cathode Catalyst Layers on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Noh Tae Hyoung , Nguyen Van Lap , Permatasari Agnesia , So Magnus , Inoue Gen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An optimized cathode catalyst layer (CCL) design can improve fuel cell performance. In this study, we tried to optimize the structure by investigating the electrochemical properties of ion and mass transport through various CCL structures with ionomer layer (IL) added using simulation numerical analysis. In the simulation, an electrochemical calculation was performed on the structure with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and IL of CCL using the multiblock model. The simulation was conducted by changing the aspect ratio (AR) structure of the width and height of IL to five conditions so that IL is evenly distributed in the catalyst layer (CL). The result confirmed that the CL 3D IL AR 4.9 structure with the highest aspect ratio showed good performance. In addition, cell performance improved as the uniform reaction area with protons conducting through IL increased and the resistance of protons decreased. Finally, cell performance was predicted based on changes in oxygen concentration (OC), relative humidity (RH), and ionomer/carbon (I/C) ratio. This numerical analysis can show the reaction according to environmental and structural changes and design an optimized structure to improve cell performance.
Modeling Growth and Viscous Flow of Oxide on Cylindrical Silicon Surfaces Including Piezoviscous Inhibition
Authors: Hickok Andrew J. , Blanchet Thierry A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A baseline constant-parameters non-dimensional cylindrical oxidation model was first revisited, normalizing oxide thickness to oxidant diffusivity/reaction rate ratio instead of the original cylinder radius, allowing this radius to remain evident in model output, which in this baseline case predicted oxides increasingly thicker for convex surfaces of decreasing radius as compared to that on a flat surface, with oxide thicknesses on concave surfaces instead predicted to decrease with decreasing radius from the flat case. As this convex behavior conflicts with the reported experiment, where oxide thickness on convex surfaces rather decreases with decreasing radius from the flat case though less strongly than for concave surfaces, potential stress-dependent kinetics parameters were investigated, with stresses determined from viscous treatment of oxide flow during growth to accommodate its molecular volume exceeding that of the silicon consumed in its production. While oxidant diffusivity and solubility both considered to decrease with increasing hydrostatic pressure instead cause model predictions to further deviate from experimental observation, the rate of its volume-producing reaction with the silicon considered to decrease with increasingly compressive radial stress across their interface successfully brought model predictions of convex curvatures into agreement with reported experiments. In conjunction with such stress-dependent reaction rate, additional consideration of viscosity as increasing with hydrostatic pressure can also contribute toward bringing convex modeling closer to experimental observation, though it also introduces a potential piezoviscous inhibition where concave cases of smaller curvature radius become predicted incapable of even initiating oxidation.
In Situ Acoustic Emission Investigation of Asphalt Fracture Process and Damage Quantification for Different Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Zhu Yu , Wang Haixu , Sun Xiaojun , Li Feng , Guan Xuefei , Huang Min , He Jingjing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The identification of cracking damage and the dynamic diagnosis of damage evolution are of great importance to prolong the service life of asphalt mixture materials. Acoustic emission (AE) can identify the formation and propagation of cracks by detecting the released energy of the damage; therefore, it provides a viable real-time technique to estimate the damage state in the context of structural health monitoring. In this study, the crack formation and propagation of three different asphalt mixtures were investigated using in situ AE monitoring and microscopy imaging. A three-point bending test was performed using specimens fabricated from three different types of asphalt mixtures. The variation of AE parameters such as the cumulative AE energy and the AE count was obtained and correlated with the crack sizes to characterize the damage process of the three mixtures. Based on the AE parameters, the whole damage process can be divided into three distinct phases, namely, the elastic deformation, damage accumulation, and crack propagation. The AE parameters in the three different mixtures show unique features, and they can be used to capture the transition between phases and identify the damage state. A universal power law model is proposed to correlate the AE energy and the crack density for different types of asphalt mixtures, providing a viable means for damage quantification and predictive maintenance.
Design Optimization of Solar-Collector Tilt Angle for Annual-Maximum and Seasonal-Balanced Energy Received
Authors: Alvarez Adrian , Pate Michael B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A detailed research study was performed on the annual energy received by a fixed-tilt solar collector. A new clear-sky model of solar radiation was developed by combining existing clear-sky models with a unique algorithm. This model was then used to perform tilt angle optimizations with two different objectives. The first objective is to achieve the maximum annual solar energy received by a solar panel, while the second is to balance the energy received so that it is more uniform over the course of a year. Each of these objectives has differing optimum tilt values, depending on the location and usage of a solar collectorsystem. The novelty of this investigation is the use of the aforementioned solar model for multiple optimizations for these two different objectives, which results in two different optimum tilt angles that are in turn different from the widely accepted rule-of-thumb that recommends an angle that is equal to the latitude. The solar radiation results obtained with the model used herein were experimentally confirmed through comparison with measured weather data for a number of locations with different sky-clearness indexes as well as compared with other studies found in the literature. A major contribution of this study is the plots and tables showing optimum tilt angles as estimated by the model as well as with empirical data. By selecting the appropriate tilt angle, a designer can now decide to either maximize annual energy received or else balance energy delivery over the year.
Design of Metamaterial for Broadband Sound Absorption Through Double Resonances
Authors: Ma Pengwei , Wang Han , Fan Xueling , Hou Cheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Broadband acoustic absorber via a structure with sub-wavelength thickness is of great and continuing interest in research and engineering communities. To broaden the absorption band of acoustic absorbers, common methods often involve using septum to create a double-layer structure or replacing cavity walls with flexible materials. However, such approaches require strict restrictions of thickness and structure design for the absorbers. This work presents a metamaterial design method that uses an external frame to construct double resonant metamaterials, effectively improving broadband sound absorption performance. Specifically, this method can be decoupled from the design of original cavity-type absorber structure and external frame. The absorption performance is significantly improved by adding an external frame to wrap around a cavity-type acoustic absorber structure with air. Furthermore, utilizing the coaction of cascade coupling and external frame, the average absorption ratio of the metamaterial in high-frequency domain (above 2000 Hz) can be improved by six times. Since this structural design broadens the absorption band without changing structural parameters of the original absorber, it has potentials to be applied in various engineering fields.
A Matrix-Based Approach to Unified Synthesis of Planar Four-Bar Mechanisms for Motion Generation With Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Constraints
Authors: Deng Xueting , Purwar Anurag 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel matrix-based approach for the simultaneous type and dimensional synthesis of planar four-bar linkage mechanisms, accommodating various practical constraints, including position, velocity, acceleration, and joint placements. Traditional design processes segregate type synthesis, the determination of joint and link configurations, from dimensional synthesis, which involves specifying link sizes and pivot locations. This segregation often leads to complexities in addressing the complete design challenge. The novel methodology proposed in this paper departs from the conventional sequential design approach by concurrently evaluating type and dimensional parameters using a data-driven matrix formulation. The crux of the paper’s methodology involves formulating a singular design equation through a transformation matrix, parameterized by the Cartesian parameters of the mechanism’s dyads. This formulation linearly expresses a broad range of constraints, facilitating the identification of viable solutions through singular value decomposition and null space analysis. This integrated approach not only simplifies the synthesis process but also provides direct insights into the mechanism’s parameters, encompassing both type and dimensions, thereby obviating the need for further interpretative steps common to the use of quaternions and kinematic mapping. In essence, the paper presents two main contributions: the development of a unified design equation capable of encompassing a wide array of constraints within the mechanism synthesis process, and the introduction of an algorithm that effectively identifies all potential planar four-bar linkage mechanisms by accurately satisfying up to five constraints. This approach promises to enhance the design and optimization of mechanical systems by offering a more holistic and efficient pathway to mechanism synthesis.
Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Machining of Fused Silica for Micro-Cavities With Sharp Corners
Authors: Brinkmann Moritz , Qian Yongfeng , Huang Hu , Yan Jiwang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fused silica is an important material for applications requiring high temperature resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent optical properties. The machining of micro-cavities on fused silica surfaces is of particular interest for micro-fluidic manipulation and miniaturization of high-quality optical waveguides, etc., but it still remains technically challenging for traditional manufacturing techniques. In the present study, machining of square cornered semienclosed micro-cavities on fused silica surfaces by femtosecond laser has been investigated experimentally. The effects of laser machining conditions including laser power, laser scanning speed, laser incidence angle, and laser-off delay time on the sidewall slope and bottom surface roughness of the micro-cavities were comprehensively investigated. The results indicated that laser power played an important role in determining the sidewall slope of the micro-cavity, while the laser scanning speed had a significant influence on the bottom surface roughness and subsurface damage. Furthermore, the sidewall slope of the micro-cavity was linearly increased as the laser incidence angle increases. By using a laser incidence angle of 10 deg and a laser-off delay time of 280 ms, a micro-cavity with sidewall slopes close to right angles (90 deg) was fabricated. This study demonstrates that femtosecond laser machining is an effective method for fabricating sharp cornered micro-cavities in fused silica, and the appropriate selection of laser machining conditions based on practical application scenarios is important.