bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoke density evaluation of acrylic resin and intumescent flame retardant coatings
Authors: Li Zhishi , Wang Huajin , Zhang Sheng , Zhao Wei , Jiang Qinghuai , Wang Mingqiang , Zhao Jun , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to discuss how acrylic resin influences the smoke generation of intumescent flame retardant coatings.Design/methodology/approach– Thermal decomposition kinetics is used in this study to simulate the burning process. The thermal decomposition of acrylic resin can be identified in the intumescent coatings through the multi-peak fitting of derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves. The dormant influence of acrylic resin, combined with the smoke density, is calculated.Findings– Multiple peaks fitting method of DTG curves helps estimate the decomposition process of acrylic resin in flame retardant coating. Combining DTG data with the smoking curve, smoking generation of acrylic resin during the combustion could be evaluated. The decomposition conversion rate of acrylic resin is 21.13 per cent. Acrylic resin generates 34.64 per cent of the total amount of smoke produced during the combustion of intumescent flame retardant coatings.Research limitations/implications– All the other intumescent flame retardant coating systems could be studied using the same approach as that used in this work to achieve an improved understanding of the smoke generation process during combustion.Practical implications– The method developed here provided a simple and practical solution to analyse the decomposition and smoking generation of acrylic resin in the coating mixtures. It also can be used to analyse any thermal decomposition process of any mixed compounds.Originality/value– The analysis method to evaluate resin’s smoking generation of coating’s total generation is novel, and it could be applied in all kinds of coatings and mixtures to estimate the smoking generation of one composition.
The illusion of CSR: drawing the line between core and supplementary CSR
Authors: Gomez-Carrasco Pablo , Guillamon-Saorin Encarna , Garcia Osma Beatriz 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the development of the theoretical framework for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and to provide a number of conceptual considerations which can be considered in the design of measures for corporate social performance (CSP).Design/methodology/approach– This study develops a theoretical framework of CSR and provides conceptual considerations to improve the measurement of CSP. The example of Spanish savings banks is used to illustrate the complexity of the concept of CSR, which includes different dimensions and relationships.Findings– CSP evaluation can be affected by the illusion of CSR, which may result in invalid conclusions on the relationship with financial performance. This risk mainly affects those studies whose CSP measure is based on charity or philanthropic activities, as most of the time they are disconnected from core business. These activities enjoy great visibility and, in some cases, such as Spanish savings banks, they become a thick veil that can be used to hide serious deficiencies in other key aspects of CSP.Research limitations/implications– This study has implications for the literature on the conceptual and theoretical framework of CSR and the research on the link between CSP and financial performance. This paper highlights the importance of seeking comprehensive measures that cannot be misleading because of the relationships between the components of CSR.Originality/value– The paper provides a novel conceptual framework for CSR, which connects the conceptual debate around “Strategic CSR” with the theoretical framework designed by Carroll’s (1991) Pyramid of CSR and emphasizes the importance of a meticulous examination of the CSP construct before studying its relationship with financial performance.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Zika Virus (
Flaviviridae
,
Flavivirus
) from an Autochthonous Transmission in Brazil
Authors: Cunha Mariana Sequetin , Esposito Danillo Lucas Alves , Rocco Iray Maria , Maeda Adriana Yurika , Vasami Fernanda Gisele Silva , Nogueira Juliana Silva , de Souza Renato Pereira , Suzuki Akemi , Addas-Carvalho Marcelo , Barjas-Castro Maria de Lourdes , Resende Mariângela Ribeiro , Stucchi Raquel Silveira Bello , Boin Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira , Katz Gizelda , Angerami Rodrigo Nogueira , da Fonseca Benedito Antonio Lopes 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We report here the genome sequence of Zika virus, strain ZikaSPH2015, containing all structural and nonstructural proteins flanked by the 5′ and 3′ untranslated region. It was isolated in São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2015, from a patient who received a blood transfusion from an asymptomatic donor at the time of donation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Shiga Toxin-Negative
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 Strain C1-057, Isolated from Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Yang Hua , Carlson Brandon , Geornaras Ifigenia , Woerner Dale , Sofos John , Belk Keith 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogens in the United States. We isolated a variant Shiga toxin-negative
E. coli
O157:H7 strain from feedlot cattle. We report here the draft genome sequence of this isolate, consisting of a chromosome of ~4.8 Mb and two plasmids of ~96 kb and ~14 kb.
Draft Genome Sequence of Toluene-Resistant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
SNUT
Authors: Kim Beomsoo , Kim Jingyu , Park Hyun , Park Joonho 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report draft sequence of the Gram-positive toluene-resistant bacterium
Staphylococcus epidermidis
SNUT. The draft genome sequence is 2,511,658 bases, with 2,346 protein-coding genes, 57 tRNA-coding genes, and 8 rRNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Exfoliative Toxin A-Producing
Staphylococcus aureus
Strains B-7772 and B-7777 (CC8/ST2993) and B-7774 (CC15/ST2126), Isolated in a Maternity Hospital in the Central Federal District of Russia
Authors: Abaev Igor , Skryabin Yury , Kislichkina Angelina , Bogun Alexandr , Korobova Olga , Mayskaya Nadezhda , Shemyakin Igor , Dyatlov Ivan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
clonal complex 8 (CC8) has not been associated with staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS) in newborns and exfoliative toxin genes. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of exfoliative toxin A-producing B-7772, B-7777 (both CC8), and B-7774 (CC15) strains associated with SSSS in newborns.
Exploring the Current Landscape of Intravenous Infusion Practices and Errors (ECLIPSE): protocol for a mixed-methods observational study
Authors: Blandford Ann , Furniss Dominic , Lyons Imogen , Chumbley Gill , Iacovides Ioanna , Wei Li , Cox Anna , Mayer Astrid , Schnock Kumiko , Bates David Westfall , Dykes Patricia C , Bell Helen , Dean Franklin Bryony 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionIntravenous medication is essential for many hospital inpatients. However, providing intravenous therapy is complex and errors are common. ‘Smart pumps’ incorporating dose error reduction software have been widely advocated to reduce error. However, little is known about their effect on patient safety, how they are used or their likely impact. This study will explore the landscape of intravenous medication infusion practices and errors in English hospitals and how smart pumps may relate to the prevalence of medication administration errors.Methods and analysisThis is a mixed-methods study involving an observational quantitative point prevalence study to determine the frequency and types of errors that occur in the infusion of intravenous medication, and qualitative interviews with hospital staff to better understand infusion practices and the contexts in which errors occur. The study will involve 5 clinical areas (critical care, general medicine, general surgery, paediatrics and oncology), across 14 purposively sampled acute hospitals and 2 paediatric hospitals to cover a range of intravenous infusion practices. Data collectors will compare each infusion running at the time of data collection against the patient's medication orders to identify any discrepancies. The potential clinical importance of errors will be assessed. Quantitative data will be analysed descriptively; interviews will be analysed using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from an NHS Research Ethics Committee (14/SC/0290); local approvals will be sought from each participating organisation. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences for academic and health professional audiences. Results will also be fed back to participating organisations to inform local policy, training and procurement. Aggregated findings will inform the debate on costs and benefits of the NHS investing in smart pump technology, and what other changes may need to be made to ensure effectiveness of such an investment.
Prevalence of chronic diseases among physicians in Taiwan: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kao Li-Ting , Chiu Yu-Lung , Lin Herng-Ching , Lee Hsin-Chien , Chung Shiu-Dong 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe health of physicians is an important topic which needs to be addressed in order to provide the best quality of patient care. However, there are few studies on the prevalence of chronic diseases among physicians. In this study, we explored the prevalence of chronic diseases among physicians and compared the probability of chronic diseases between physicians and the general population using a population-based data set in Taiwan.Study designA cross-sectional study.SettingTaiwan.ParticipantsOur study consisted of 1426 practising physicians and 5704 general participants.Primary outcome measuresWe chose 22 chronic diseases from the Elixhauser Comorbidity index and nine highly prevalent medical conditions in an Asian population for analysis. We used conditional logistic regression analyses to investigate the OR and its corresponding 95% CI of chronic diseases between these two groups.ResultsThe conditional logistic regression analyses showed that physicians had lower odds of peripheral vascular disorders (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.90), uncomplicated diabetes (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60 to 0.97), complicated diabetes (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.34 to 0.83), renal failure (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.90), liver diseases (OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.94), and hepatitis B or C (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.49 to 0.77) and higher odds of hypertension (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.41), hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.23 to 1.67) and asthma (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.16 to 2.18) than the general population.ConclusionsWe concluded that although physicians had decreased prevalence of some chronic diseases, they had a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and asthma.
Point-of-care C reactive protein for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection in NHS primary care: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to adoption
Authors: Huddy Jeremy R , Ni Melody Z , Barlow James , Majeed Azeem , Hanna George B 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesPoint-of-care (POC) C reactive protein (CRP) is incorporated in National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia, reduces antibiotic prescribing and is cost effective.AimTo determine the barriers and facilitators to adoption of POC CRP testing in National Health Service (NHS) primary care for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection.DesignThe study followed a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. The study was undertaken in 2 stages. Stage 1 consisted of semistructured interviews with 8 clinicians from Europe and the UK who use the test in routine practice, and focused on their subjective experience in the challenges of implementing POC CRP testing. Stage 2 was a multidisciplinary-facilitated workshop with NHS stakeholders to discuss barriers to adoption, impact of adoption and potential adoption scenarios. Emergent theme analysis was undertaken.ParticipantsParticipants included general practitioners (including those with commissioning experience), biochemists, pharmacists, clinical laboratory scientists and industry representatives from the UK and abroad.ResultsBarriers to the implementation of POC CRP exist, but successful adoption has been demonstrated abroad. Analysis highlighted 7 themes: reimbursement and incentivisation, quality control and training, laboratory services, practitioner attitudes and experiences, effects on clinic flow and workload, use in pharmacy and gaps in evidence.ConclusionsSuccessful adoption models from the UK and abroad demonstrate a distinctive pattern and involve collaboration with central laboratory services. Incorporating antimicrobial stewardship into quality improvement frameworks may incentivise adoption. Further research is needed to develop scaling-up strategies to address the resourcing, clinical governance and economic impact of widespread NHS implementation.
Feasibility randomised controlled trial of Recovery-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Older Adults with bipolar disorder (RfCBT-OA): study protocol
Authors: Tyler Elizabeth , Lobban Fiona , Sutton Chris , Depp Colin , Johnson Sheri , Laidlaw Ken , Jones Steven H 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionBipolar disorder is a severe and chronic mental health problem that persists into older adulthood. The number of people living with this condition is set to rise as the UK experiences a rapid ageing of its population. To date, there has been very little research or service development with respect to psychological therapies for this group of people.Methods and analysisA parallel two-arm randomised controlled trial comparing a 14-session, 6-month Recovery-focused Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Older Adults with bipolar disorder (RfCBT-OA) plus treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU alone. Participants will be recruited in the North-West of England via primary and secondary mental health services and through self-referral. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of RfCBT-OA; therefore, a formal power calculation is not appropriate. It has been estimated that randomising 25 participants per group will be sufficient to be able to reliably determine the primary feasibility outcomes (eg, recruitment and retention rates), in line with recommendations for sample sizes for feasibility/pilot trials. Participants in both arms will complete assessments at baseline and then every 3 months, over the 12-month follow-up period. We will gain an estimate of the likely effect size of RfCBT-OA on a range of clinical outcomes and estimate parameters needed to determine the appropriate sample size for a definitive, larger trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of RfCBT-OA. Data analysis is discussed further in the Analysis section in the main paper.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the UK National Health Service (NHS) Ethics Committee process (REC ref: 15/NW/0330). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conference presentations and local, participating NHS trusts.Trial registration numberISRCTN13875321; Pre-results.
Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on mortality in people with haemorrhagic stroke: a population-based cohort study
Authors: McCormick Jacquelyn , Chen Ruoling 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeSocioeconomic deprivation (SED) has an effect on many health outcomes, including ischaemic stroke; however, its impact on mortality after haemorrhagic stroke remains unclear, particularly in the long run. We examined this association in a multiethnic population in the UK.DesignWe examined data from 782 patients with first-ever haemorrhagic stroke, collected by the South London Stroke Register from 1995 to 2011. SED was defined as the quartile with the highest Carstairs scores, and was analysed in relation to mortality after stroke in a multivariate-adjusted Cox regression model.ResultsIn a follow-up of 17 years, 498 patients died. Compared with the first quartile of Carstairs score (the least deprived), the multivariate-adjusted HRs for 17-year mortality in patients in the second, third and fourth quartiles were 0.94 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.23), 1.17 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.52) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.78), overall p=0.04. The SED gradient association remained in patients with intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke, while in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhagic stroke the corresponding HRs were 2.62 (95% CI 1.22 to 5.64), 3.03 (95% CI 1.49 to 6.18) and 1.83 (95% CI 0.87 to 3.83), respectively. Results of 10-year mortality showed similar patterns, although the association of deprivation with 1-year mortality was not significant.ConclusionsThere is a significant impact of SED on long-term mortality after haemorrhagic stroke. The reasons for this survival inequality must be explored to reduce mortality in patients with haemorrhagic stroke.
Changes in the prevalence of HBV infection in pregnant women in Turkey between 1995 and 2015: a 20-year evaluation
Authors: Furuncuoglu Yavuz , Bolukbas F Fusun , Bolukbas Cengiz , Torun Perihan , Ozturk Recep 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence across three different time periods in pregnant women.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of pregnant women attending four healthcare centres between January 1995 and May 2015. Data for serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs levels were collected from routine antenatal screening records. The 20-year study was divided into three periods: 1995–2001, 2002–2008 and 2009–2015. The results are presented by the women's age and gravidity as possible determinants of HBV infection.Results7605 pregnant women (56.0% primigravidae) (mean age 23.4±4.8 years) were tested for markers of HBV infection. 3010 pregnant women were screened between 1995 and 2001, 2995 between 2002 and 2008, and 1600 between 2009 and 2015. The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs positivity in the 7605 pregnant women was 1.5% (n=114) and 11.5% (n=877), respectively. Regarding temporal change in the prevalence of HBV markers, HBsAg decreased significantly from 2.6% to 0.8% (p&lt;0.01), while anti-HBs increased significantly from 9.5% to 17.5% (p&lt;0.01), between the first and last study periods. Multigravidae and older women had higher HBsAg and anti-HBs positivity compared to primigravidae.ConclusionsThe data suggest that the prevalence of HBsAg positivity is gradually decreasing among pregnant women, while the level of HBsAg antibody seropositivity is lower than expected. HBV carrier rate increases with increasing age and gravidity. In addition to the national HBV immunisation programme, the prevention of perinatal transmission should also be prioritised to decrease the HBV pool of infection.
Association Between Post-Cancer Diagnosis Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Survival in WHI Observational Study and Dietary Modification Trial
Authors: Zheng JL , Tabung FK , Zhang JJ , Shivappa N , Ockene JK , Caan B , Kroenke C , Hebert JR , Steck SE 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background: Inflammation regulates key biologic processes in chronic disease and can be modulated by diet. Our objective was to use the dietary inflammatory index (DII), a novel tool to characterize the inflammatory potential of diet, to examine how post-cancer diagnosis dietary quality is associated with overall survival in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS) and Dietary Modification Trial (DM). Methods: After excluding baseline cancers and energy outliers, the analytical cohort had 4,241 postmenopausal women (19% of total cancer cases), aged 50 to 79 years at baseline, in the WHI OS (n = 1,852) and DM (n = 2,389), who developed invasive cancer during follow-up and completed a food frequency questionnaire after diagnosis. These women were followed from dietary assessment until death from any cause. Energy-adjusted DII scores from food only and from food plus supplement (any reported dietary supplement related to DII parameters) after cancer diagnosis for each subject were calculated by multiplying the inflammatory effect scores determined based on extensive literature review and intake values for each food parameter, and then summing across all the food parameters. Death was ascertained by clinical center follow-up or by searching the National Death Index with central or local adjudication. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality comparing women in higher DII quartiles with those in the first quartile. Results: After a median 11.2 years of follow-up, 1,470 deaths occurred. After adjustment for key covariates, women who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet (in higher quartiles of DII score from food only) after a cancer diagnosis had a significantly higher risk of death from any cause compared to women consuming a more anti- inflammatory diet (HR Q4:Q1 = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.38; P trend = 0.015). In analyses using DII score from both diet and supplements, a pro-inflammatory DII score was associated with even higher risk of all-cause mortality (HRQ4:Q1 = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.40–1.91; P trend &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Consuming a more pro-inflammatory diet after cancer diagnosis was associated with increased risk of death from any cause.
Active Tobacco Smoke and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Potential Biological Windows of Susceptibility in Relation to Breast Cancer
Authors: White AJ , D'Aloisio AA , Nichols HB , DeRoo LA , Sandler DP 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Our objective was to prospectively examine active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in relation to breast cancer risk, with a focus on exposures during potential windows of susceptibility. Methods: Sister Study cohort participants (n = 50,884) were enrolled between 2003 and 2009 and were followed for a breast cancer diagnosis. Women ages 35–74 in the United States and Puerto Rico were eligible if they had a sister who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Study participants completed extensive telephone and paper questionnaires including information on established breast cancer risk factors as well as active smoking history and exposure to ETS while in utero and during childhood and adult years. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for invasive breast cancer incidence associated with active smoking and ETS exposure. Results: During follow-up (mean = 6.4 years), 1,843 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed in the study population. Exposure to ETS in adulthood was not associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, nonsmoking women who were exposed to ETS throughout their childhood (18 years) had an 18% higher risk of breast cancer (95% CI, 1.02–1.38) relative to those without any childhood ETS. In utero ETS exposure also was associated with a modest increase in breast cancer incidence (HR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.01–1.32) among nonsmokers as was paternal smoking prior to the participant's mother's pregnancy (HR = 1.12, 95% CI, 0.98–1.29). Additionally, active smoking prior to first pregnancy for 10 or more pack-years (HR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.02–1.67) was associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: In this large, prospective study, we report evidence that both active smoking and ETS exposure during potential windows of susceptibility, including in utero exposure, childhood and prior to first pregnancy, are associated with higher risk of breast cancer.