bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affordable Housing: An Economic Perspective
Authors: McDonald John F. 
Published: January 2016

The economist’s approach to social problems has two interrelated parts, consistent measurement and use of a cost-benefit test to assess alternative policies. This essay examines both parts of the economist’s method, primarily in the context of the United States but with attention paid to the United Kingdom also. It will seek to demonstrate that the problem of affordable housing can be measured and is large, even in the U.S. Furthermore, it will suggest that the problem primarily is one of poverty. , the alleviation of which, is a very long-run project. In this context, it will suggest that programs to improve the housing conditions of the poor in the meantime are justified.
Written by an economist, it will outline that economists favor a voucher program that subsidizes rents for poor households who rent in the private housing market and that they generally advocate preventing restrictions on housing supply and institutional change in nations that do not have well defined property rights. It will suggest that if poor households have purchasing power that is to be spent on housing and if a standard for acceptable housing is set, then the private market can respond. However, it will also argue that if the supply response from the private market is judged to be insufficient, then an increase in the value of the housing vouchers can be considered.
Liberty and Diversity: An Example of the Garden State Variety: Lipp v. Morris, 579 F.2d 834 (1978)
Authors: Lurie Jonathan 
Published: January 2016

One of the hallowed, if not hackneyed, words in the human lexicon is "liberty." To many, the term implies a positive concept-- the freedom to do something, not as a privilege but as a right. But there are multiple dimensions to the concept of liberty. It can also imply a negative freedom, a right NOT to do something; or to decline to undertake a certain course of action or conduct. It has been a part of our history since the establishment of New Jersey. From the rich and varied history of this Garden State, thereby lies an unusual tale of liberty and diversity. The focus of this talks concerns the Pledge of Allegiance, or POA.In its original form, this paper was presented at the New Jersey Forum at Kean University on November 21, 2014.
History and Land Use Change: The New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex, Rutgers University, and Johnson & Johnson
Authors: Porter Richard L. 
Published: January 2016

This paper is the end result of a historical study of the New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex, which was formerly sited within what is now the City of New Brunswick in Middlesex County, New Jersey.The New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex was active during the final decades of the colonial period and included both extractive and water-powered industrial components that were focused within the area bounded on the east by the Raritan River, north by Seminary Place, west by College Avenue, and south by Hamilton Street/Johnson Drive. This area was redeveloped during the 19th and 20th centuries, with the lands formerly utilized for the mining and processing of copper eventually coming to be occupied by Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson. The discovery of a mine shaft formerly associated with this early copper mining and processing complex during the demolition of a building within the Johnson & Johnson Corporate Headquarters led to the commissioning of this study by Johnson & Johnson.This paper provides a discussion of the history of the New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex and of the subsequent changing land uses that ultimately led to the current presence of Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson.
Recobrimentos comestíveis na conservação pós-colheita de abacate
Authors: Santos Jhon Lennon Ferreira dos , Ataíde Elma Machado , Santos Abda Karollyne Esterphanny dos , Silva Marcelo De Souza 
Published: January 2016

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de abacate agroecológico com uso de própolis e cera vegetal em condição ambiente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcela subdividida no tempo, utilizando-se os tratamentos: testemunha; cera vegetal (100%); extrato alcoólico e aquoso de própolis (30%), com quatro repetições e quatro frutos por parcela. Os frutos foram mantidos sob condição ambiente e avaliados aos 0, 4, 8 e 12 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos quanto as características físicas: perda de massa fresca do fruto (%) e rendimento de polpa (%) e a determinação físico-químicas: acidez titulável (AT), expressa em porcentagem de acido cítrico; teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), expresso em °Brix, ratio (SS/AT) e o pH. Verificou-se menor perda de massa fresca de abacate com aplicação de extrato alcoólico de própolis e cara no período de armazenamento em relação aos demais tratamentos. Os frutos do tratamento Testemunha apresentaram maior teor de sólidos solúveis, sendo que não diferiu do tratamento Extrato Aquoso de Própolis, com médias de 9,32 e 8,76 °Brix, respectivamente. Já para o pH, verificou-se maiores médias para os abacates tratados com Cera de Carnaúba, apesar de não diferir dos tratamentos com Extrato Aquoso e Alcoólico de Própolis, com médias de 6,52, 6,41 e 6,23, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o extrato alcoólico de própolis e a cera de carnaúba foram mais efetivos na conservação da massa dos frutos a partir do sexto dia de armazenamento. Durante o armazenamento houve redução significativa do teor de sólidos solúveis dos frutos.
Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas en chicas en edad escolar: relación con la edad y los niveles de actividad física
Authors: Braganca Martha , Márquez Sara , Salguero Alfonso 
Published: January 2016

Adoptar un estilo de vida activo y saludable ayuda en la prevención de distintas enfermedades y comportamientos de riesgo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el nivel de actividad física (NAF) y verificar su influencia sobre la edad y el consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, en escolares del sexo femenino. Participaron 572 chicas con edad entre 11 y 18 años (14,6 ±2,1años) de colegios de la ciudad de León-España. Para la valoración del NAF se utilizó la versión española (Cuestionario de Valoración de la Actividad Física) del Four-by-One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire. Para los hábitos de consumo se utilizó el Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares. Un porcentaje importante de escolares (68,2%) eran inactivas. Al analizar separadamente los días entre semana y el fin de semana, dicho porcentaje era de un 50,1% y un 82,1%, respectivamente. Independientemente del período de la semana, la actividad física se reducía con la edad y aumentaba el consumo de todos los tipos de drogas (p=0,001). El grado de actividad física se relacionó significativamente con la edad (χ2=25,109, p=0,003) y con el consumo de alcohol (χ2=12,993, p=0,005), no así con el de tabaco (χ2=6,953, p=0,073), ni con el consumo de drogas ilícitas (χ2=2,145, p=0,54). En conclusión, los datos del presente estudio indican la existencia de una relación inversa del nivel de actividad física de escolares del sexo femenino con la edad y el consumo del alcohol.
Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as prognostic marker of tumor aggressiveness in pituitary adenoma patients
Authors: Coli Antonella , Asa Sylvia L , Fadda Guido , Scannone Domenico , Chiloiro Sabrina , De Marinis Laura , Lauretti Liverana , Ranelletti Franco O , Lauriola Libero 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundKi-67 labeling index (LI) is currently regarded as a useful prognostic marker of pituitary adenoma (PA) clinical behavior, although its relevance as a reliable clinical indicator is far from being universally accepted, since both validations and criticisms are found in the literature. Minichromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7), a cell-cycle regulator protein, has been recently proposed as a marker of tumor aggressiveness in tumors from many sites, including the CNS. Therefore, we evaluated MCM7, in comparison to Ki-67, as a potential marker of clinical outcome in PA.Design and methodsIn this single-institution retrospective study, 97 patients with PA (23 ACTH, 12 GH, 29 PRL, 10 FSH/LH, and 23 non-secreting adenomas) were recruited and the prognostic value of both MCM7 and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, p53 nuclear expression and mitotic index were also evaluated.ResultsTwenty-six of the 97 PA patients recurred during the follow-up period. Cox's regression analysis showed that high nuclear expression of MCM7 LI, unlike Ki-67 LI, was directly associated with a higher (7.7-fold) risk of recurrence/progression. Kaplan–Meier analysis of recurrence/progression-free survival curves revealed that patients with high MCM7 LI (≥15%) had a shorter recurrence/progression-free survival than those with low MCM7 LI (<15%). Moreover, among patients with invasive tumors, high MCM7 LI identified those with the highest risk of recurrence/progression.ConclusionsData from this study suggest that MCM7 is a prognostic marker of clinical outcome in PA patients, more reliable and informative than Ki-67.
Anti-inflammatory therapies in TRAMP mice: delay in PCa progression
Authors: Kido Larissa Akemi , Montico Fabio , Sauce Rafael , Macedo Aline Barbosa , Minatel Elaine , Costa Débora Barbosa Vendramini , de Carvalho João Ernesto , Pilli Ronaldo Aloise , Cagnon Valeria Helena Alves 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the structural and molecular biology as well as evaluate the immediate and late responses of prostatic cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model after treatment with goniothalamin (GTN) and celecoxib. The treated mice received GTN (150 mg/kg, gavage) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg, gavage) from 8 to 12 weeks of age. They were killed at different ages: the immediate-response groups at 12 weeks and the late-response groups at 22 weeks. The ventral prostate was collected for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, TUNEL, and ELISA. Morphological analyses indicated that GTN treatment delayed the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma, leading to a significant decrease of prostatic lesion frequency in both experimental period responses to this treatment, mainly high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Also, the celecoxib treatment showed a particular decrease in the proliferative processes (PCNA) in both the experimental periods. Despite celecoxib diminishing the COX2 and IGFR1 levels, GTN presented higher action spectrum considering the decrease of a greater molecular number involved in the proliferative and inflammatory processes in prostatic cancer. Goniothalamin attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in TRAMP prostatic microenvironment, delaying prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Celecoxib treatment was efficient in the regulation of COX2 in the TRAMP mice, mainly in the advanced disease grade. Finally, we concluded that inflammatory process control in early grades of PCa was crucial for the downregulation of the signaling pathways involved in the proliferative processes in advanced cancer grades.
Genetics of Lipid-Storage Management inCaenorhabditis elegansEmbryos
Authors: Schmökel Verena , Memar Nadin , Wiekenberg Anne , Trotzmüller Martin , Schnabel Ralf , Döring Frank 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLipids play a pivotal role in embryogenesis as structural components of cellular membranes, as a source of energy, and as signaling molecules. On the basis of a collection of temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal mutants, a systematic database search, and a subsequent microscopic analysis of &gt;300 interference RNA (RNAi)–treated/mutant worms, we identified a couple of evolutionary conserved genes associated with lipid storage in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. The genes include cpl-1 (cathepsin L–like cysteine protease), ccz-1 (guanine nucleotide exchange factor subunit), and asm-3 (acid sphingomyelinase), which is closely related to the human Niemann-Pick disease–causing gene SMPD1. The respective mutant embryos accumulate enlarged droplets of neutral lipids (cpl-1) and yolk-containing lipid droplets (ccz-1) or have larger genuine lipid droplets (asm-3). The asm-3 mutant embryos additionally showed an enhanced resistance against C band ultraviolet (UV-C) light. Herein we propose that cpl-1, ccz-1, and asm-3 are genes required for the processing of lipid-containing droplets in C. elegans embryos. Owing to the high levels of conservation, the identified genes are also useful in studies of embryonic lipid storage in other organisms.
MicroRNA Biogenesis and Hedgehog-Patched Signaling Cooperate to Regulate an Important Developmental Transition in Granule Cell Development
Authors: Constantin Lena , Constantin Myrna , Wainwright Brandon J 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Dicer1, Dcr-1 homolog (Drosophila) gene encodes a type III ribonuclease required for the canonical maturation and functioning of microRNAs (miRNAs). Subsets of miRNAs are known to regulate normal cerebellar granule cell development, in addition to the growth and progression of medulloblastoma, a neoplasm that often originates from granule cell precursors. Multiple independent studies have also demonstrated that deregulation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-Patched (Ptch) signaling, through miRNAs, is causative of granule cell pathologies. In the present study, we investigated the genetic interplay between miRNA biogenesis and Shh-Ptch signaling in granule cells of the cerebellum by way of the Cre/lox recombination system in genetically engineered models of Mus musculus (mouse). We demonstrate that, although the miRNA biogenesis and Shh-Ptch-signaling pathways, respectively, regulate the opposing growth processes of cerebellar hypoplasia and hyperplasia leading to medulloblastoma, their concurrent deregulation was nonadditive and did not bring the growth phenotypes toward an expected equilibrium. Instead, mice developed either hypoplasia or medulloblastoma, but of a greater severity. Furthermore, some genotypes were bistable, whereby subsets of mice developed hypoplasia or medulloblastoma. This implies that miRNAs and Shh-Ptch signaling regulate an important developmental transition in granule cells of the cerebellum. We also conclusively show that the Dicer1 gene encodes a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene for Ptch1-induced medulloblastoma, with the monoallielic loss of Dicer1 more severe than biallelic loss. These findings exemplify how genetic interplay between pathways may produce nonadditive effects with a substantial and unpredictable impact on biology. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the functional dosage of Dicer1 may nonadditively influence a wide range of Shh-Ptch-dependent pathologies.
Small Heat Shock Proteins Are Novel Common Determinants of Alcohol and Nicotine Sensitivity inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Johnson James R , Rajamanoharan Dayani , McCue Hannah V , Rankin Kim , Barclay Jeff W 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAddiction to drugs is strongly determined by multiple genetic factors. Alcohol and nicotine produce distinct pharmacological effects within the nervous system through discrete molecular targets; yet, data from family and twin analyses support the existence of common genetic factors for addiction in general. The mechanisms underlying addiction, however, are poorly described and common genetic factors for alcohol and nicotine remain unidentified. We investigated the role that the heat shock transcription factor, HSF-1, and its downstream effectors played as common genetic modulators of sensitivity to addictive substances. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, an exemplary model organism with substance dose-dependent responses similar to mammals, we demonstrate that HSF-1 altered sensitivity to both alcohol and nicotine. Using a combination of a targeted RNAi screen of downstream factors and transgenic approaches we identified that these effects were contingent upon the constitutive neuronal expression of HSP-16.48, a small heat shock protein (HSP) homolog of human α-crystallin. Furthermore we demonstrated that the function of HSP-16.48 in drug sensitivity surprisingly was independent of chaperone activity during the heat shock stress response. Instead we identified a distinct domain within the N-terminal region of the HSP-16.48 protein that specified its function in comparison to related small HSPs. Our findings establish and characterize a novel genetic determinant underlying sensitivity to diverse addictive substances.
Konsep Perlindungan Hak Cipta Karya Musik Dalam Ranah Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dari Tindak Pidana Pembajakan
Authors: Yanto Oksidelfa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: The concept of Protection of Copyright Works Music In the realm of Intellectual Property Rights Law Of Crime of Piracy. Intellectual Property Rights or IPR is a right arising from a work produced by using human intellectual abilities for the benefit of the community, both in the fields of science, art, literature and technology. Object of intellectual property is created by the human mind. HKI is actually a system of recognition, award, legal protection and economic value for intellectual works that cover a wide range. One form of IPR that is copyright protected. For example, music, art, painting, photography, books, and so forth. Abstrak: Konsep Perlindungan Hak Cipta Karya Musik Dalam Ranah Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dari Tindak Pidana Pembajakan. Hak Kekayaan Intelektual atau HKI adalah hak yang timbul dari suatu karya yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan kemampuan intelektual manusia yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masyarakat, baik di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni, sastra dan teknologi. Obyek Kekayaan Intelektual adalah hasil kreasi pikiran manusia. Secara aktual HKI merupakan satu sistem pemberian pengakuan, penghargaan, perlindungan hukum dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi bagi karya-karya intelektual yang mencakup jangkauan yang luas. Salah satu bentuk HKI yang dilindungi adalah hak cipta. Misalnya, musik, seni, lukisan, fotografi, buku dan lain sebagainya. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.2310
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Terhadap Praktik Kejahatan Insider Trading Pada Pasar Modal di Indonesia
Authors: Haidar Fadilah 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Legal Protection for Investors Against Crime Practice Insider Trading In Stock Market in Indonesia. Legal protection for investors is a matter that is crucial to the survival of the business and investing world, a form of legal protection itself in the form of legal structure and legal substance both of which synergize in providing certainty and legal protection. In the absence of legal protection for investors against the crime of insider trading in the stock market it will create unfair market, the emergence of illicit profit, and untrustable adverse market investors. Abstrak: Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Terhadap Praktik Kejahatan Insider Trading Pada Pasar Modal di Indonesia. Perlindungan hukum bagi investor merupakan suatu hal yang krusial dalam kelangsungan dunia bisnis dan investasi, wujud dari perlindungan hukum itu sendiri berupa legal structure dan legal substance dimana keduanya saling bersinergi dalam memberi kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. Dengan tidak adanya perlindungan hukum bagi investor terhadap kejahatan insider trading di pasar modal maka akan tercipta unfair market, timbulnya illicit profit, dan untrustable market yang merugikan investor. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.2311
STRATIFIKASI SOSIAL DAN KESADARAN KELAS
Authors: Syah Rizqon H 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Social Stratification and Class-Conscience. Human’s life is stratified. The status itself is determined by some factors, such as inheritance, education and religion. Even though divided into different status, people should not be treated based on their status which can lead in to disharmony in their social life and national life as a whole. It is a fact that social stratification is fruits of people’s life reflected by the ideas, values, norms, social activities and things. This phenomenon is always present in people’s life in every level of the society.Key Words: Society, Status, Dichotomy and Harmony Abstrak: Stratifikasi Sosial dan Kesadaran Kelas. Kehidupan dalam bermasyarakat tidak dapat dipisahkan dari jenjang status kehidupan yang bertingkat-tingkat. Status tersebut diakibatkan oleh banyak faktor seperti karena keturunan, pendidikan, dan agama. Meskipun realitanya status manusia yang berbeda-beda, manusia tidak boleh terdikotomi dengan status tersebut sehingga mengganggu keharmonisan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Satu bentuk variasi kehidupan dari hasil perbedaan adalah fenomena stratifikasi (tingkatan-tingkatan) sosial yang terjadi melalui proses suatu bentuk kehidupan baik berupa gagasan, nilai, norma, aktifitas sosial, maupun benda-benda, Fenomena dari stratifikasi sosial akan selalu ada dalam kehidupan manusia, sesederhana apapun kehidupan, berbeda satu sama lain, tergantung bagaimana mereka menempatkannya. Kata Kunci: Masyarakat, Status, Dikotomi dan Harmoni DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2239
RESOLUSI KONFLIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI*
Authors: Nisa Jakiatin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Conflict Resolution in Perspective of Communication. Basically, conflict is part of people’s life. People face conflict, which is called as vertical conflict and horizontal one. Conflict can potentially arise in Indonesia because of its diversity in terms of ethnicity, religion and social stratification. To that reason, it is essential to understand conflict resolution in order to resolve conflict in a constructive wayKey Words: conflicts, diversity and conflict resolution Abstrak: Resolusi Konflik dalam Perspektif Komunikasi. Konflik pada hakekatnya merupakan keniscayaan bagi manusia. Karena hakekat tersebut manusia selalu dihadapkan dengan banyak konflik, terlebih konflik yang terjadi di masyarakat, baik konflik vertikal maupun konflik horizontal. Terlebih lagi dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara di negara Indonesia, yang terbagi atas lapisan-lapisan kelas sosial, masyarakat yang majemuk sehingga memunculkan keanekaragaman dalam berbagai aspek yang juga menyebabkan adanya lapisan sosial yang beragam menjadi potensi yang cukup besar untuk melahirkan konflik. Dalam kondisi seperti itulah pemahaman akan resolusi konflik menjadi sangat penting untuk menyelesaikan konflik-konflik yang muncul dengan cara yang konstruktif. Kata Kunci: Konflik, Kemajemukan, Resolusi KonflikDOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2240
PENETRASI BARAT ATAS DUNIA ISLAM (Sejarah Gerakan Politik dan Kemerdekaan Dunia Islam Abad XIX)
Authors: Zaki Muhammad 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: West’s Influence to Muslim’s World (History of Political Movement and Independence in Muslim’s World in XIX Century). This article is attempted to analyze the problems within the history perspective. History meant by this article is history of Muslim’s world in XIX Century and West’s penetration and its influence. The awakening of West is influenced by the science and the thinking’s method which is actually was developed by Muslim’s reasons.Key Words: penetration, history and awakening Abstrak: Penetrasi Barat Atas Dunia Islam (Sejarah Gerakan Politik dan Kemerdekaan Dunia Islam Abad XIX). Artikel ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan yang bersifat deskriptif dan analisis kritis melalui pendekatan historis, yang berusaha menyingkap, menggali dan menelaah serta menganalisis persoalan yang menjadi objek kajian dari kacamata sejarah. Sejarah yang dimaksud dalam makalah ini adalah sejarah dunia Islam pada abad XIX dan penetrasi dunia Barat terhadap dunia Islam serta segala implikasi yang diakibatkan olehnya. Kebangkitan bangsa Barat bermuara pada khazanah ilmu pengetahuan dan metode berpikir yang dikembangkan umat Islam secara rasional. Kata Kunci: Penetrasi, sejarah, dan Kebangkitan DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2241