bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Critically Ill Patients by Using Combined End-Expiratory and End-Inspiratory Occlusions With Echocardiography
Authors: Jozwiak Mathieu , Depret François , Teboul Jean-Louis , Alphonsine Jean-Emmanuel , Lai Christopher , Richard Christian , Monnet Xavier 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:
First, we aimed at assessing whether fluid responsiveness is predicted by the effects of an end-expiratory occlusion on the velocity-time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract. Second, we investigated whether adding the effects of an end-inspiratory occlusion and of an end-expiratory occlusion on velocity-time integral can predict fluid responsiveness with similar reliability than end-expiratory occlusion alone but with a higher threshold, which might be more compatible with the precision of echocardiography.

Design:
Diagnostic study.

Setting:
Medical ICU.

Patients:
Thirty mechanically ventilated patients in whom fluid administration was planned.

Interventions:
A 15-second end-expiratory occlusion and end-inspiratory occlusion, separated by 1 minute, followed by a 500-mL saline administration.

Measurements and Main Results:
Pulse contour analysis–derived cardiac index and velocity-time integral were measured during the last 5 seconds of 15-second end-inspiratory occlusion and end-expiratory occlusion and after fluid administration. End-expiratory occlusion increased velocity-time integral more in responders than in nonresponders to fluid administration (11% ± 5% vs 3% ± 1%, respectively; p < 0.0001), and end-inspiratory occlusion decreased velocity-time integral more in responders than in nonresponders (12% ± 5% vs 5% ± 2%, respectively; p = 0.0002). When adding the absolute values of changes in velocity-time integral observed during both occlusions, velocity-time integral changed by 23% ± 9% in responders and by 8% ± 3% in nonresponders. Fluid responsiveness was predicted by the end-expiratory occlusion–induced change in velocity-time integral with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.938 (0.785–0.989) and a threshold value of 5%. Fluid responsiveness was predicted by the sum of absolute values of changes in velocity-time integral during both occlusions with a similar reliability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.973 [0.838–1.000]) but with a threshold of 13%. Both sensitivity and specificity were 93% (68–100%).

Conclusions:
If consecutive end-inspiratory occlusion and end-expiratory occlusion change velocity-time integral is greater than or equal to 13% in total, fluid responsiveness is accurately predicted. This threshold is more compatible with the precision of echocardiography than that obtained by end-expiratory occlusion alone.
Perineurial Vascular Hamartoma
Authors: Ronen Shira , Klaassen Rodrigo , Suster Saul 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:
Perineural vascular proliferations are extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature, usually under the designation of “intraneural hemangioma.” We report a case of a 28-year-old man with a nodule in the right palm of his hand that developed over an 8- to- 12-month period. Microscopic examination revealed a vascular proliferation growing within connective tissue and entrapping small nerve bundles. The features of the lesion are consistent with an unusual hamartomatous growth of small vessels and nerves rather than a hemangioma arising within a nerve. Clinical and histological details, and a discussion of the relevant literature on this unusual lesion, are provided.
Social Responsiveness Scale Assessment of the Preterm Behavioral Phenotype in 10-Year-Olds Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Korzeniewski Steven J. , Joseph Robert M. , Kim So Hyun , Allred Elizabeth N. , O'Shea T. Michael , Leviton Alan , Kuban Karl C. K. ,   for the ELGAN Study Investigators
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To evaluate the correlates of a clinically significant high score on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in 10-year-old children who were born extremely preterm and who did not meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods:
After excluding 61 participants diagnosed with ASD, we grouped children by IQ < or ≥85 and then compared the prevalence of neurocognitive and other deficits between those who had SRS total and component scores ≥65 and their peers who had lower scores.

Results:
Among children who had IQ ≥ 85, the prevalence of SRS total scores ≥65 was 16% (n = 103/628), and among children who had IQ < 85, it was 27% (n = 40/148), higher than the 4% prevalence expected based on normative population data. Among children who had IQ ≥ 85, those who had high SRS scores more often than their peers had deficits in attention and executive function, and language and communication, and they were more often rated by their parents and teachers as having behavioral (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) and emotional (e.g., anxiety and depression) problems.

Conclusion:
Social Responsiveness Scale–defined social impairment was much more common in our cohort of 10-year-old children born extremely preterm than was expected based on general population norms. High SRS scores were characteristic of children who had intellectual, neurocognitive, language, and communication limitations, as well as deficits in behavior and emotion regulation.
Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Electrically Stimulated Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes by Resveratrol and Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Ge Liqi , Li Chengzong , Wang Zhirong , Zhang Yao , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
We explored the effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes subjected to rapid electrical stimulation (RES) and also investigated the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Cultured ventricular myocytes of neonatal rat were subjected to RES at 4.0 Hz, with or without resveratrol, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocyanin (APO) or a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor autocamtide-2-inhibitory peptide (AIP). Cell counts, to optimize resveratrol concentration, and angiotensin II content were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were also assessed. Levels of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), Nox, oxidative CaMKII (OX-CaMKII), and cleaved caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes were examined.

Results:
Resveratrol treatment, as compared with APO and AIP, significantly decreased ROS levels, improved Ca2+ amplitudes, and intracellular Ca2+ transient decay rates, and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Resveratrol also increased MsrA protein levels. In cardiomyocytes subjected to RES, after pretreatment with resveratrol or APO, protein levels of Nox4, Nox2, OX-CaMKII, and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased. In comparison, with AIP pretreatment, only Nox2, OX-CaMKII, and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased. However, in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, a competitive inhibitor of MsrA function, a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 did not occur.

Conclusions:
Resveratrol decreased ROS, partially through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity and upregulation of MsrA expression.
Comparison of Efficacy and Complications of Cyclophotocoagulation and Second Glaucoma Drainage Device After Initial Glaucoma Drainage Device Failure
Authors: Wang Margaret Y. , Patel Kishan , Blieden Lauren S. , Chuang Alice Z. , Baker Laura A. , Bell Nicholas P. , Feldman Robert M. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
Compare intraocular pressure (IOP) control and complication rates of a second glaucoma drainage device (GDD) to diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) following failure of an initial GDD.

Patients and Methods:
Eyes with 1 GDD that required a second GDD or TSCPC for glaucoma control were included. Exclusion criteria were a cyclodestructive procedure before initial GDD, no light perception vision, or follow-up <1 year. Failure was defined as ≥1 of (1) reoperation for lowering IOP; (2) explantation of second GDD; (3) persistent hypotony; (4) use of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for lowering IOP in the study eye; or (5) loss of light perception. Reoperation for lowering IOP included additional GDD implantation or additional cyclodestruction, except if additional cyclodestruction was within 6 months of the initial session.

Results:
A total of 75 eyes (35 in second GDD; 40 in TSCPC) were included (mean follow-up, 25.5 mo). Both procedures lowered IOP [−11.4 mm Hg (±13.6) for second GDD and −7.8 mm Hg (±11.8) for TSCPC groups] and decreased the number of IOP-lowering medications at the last visit. The second GDD group had significantly greater mean survival time [45.0 mo (±4.2)] than the TSCPC group [26.5 mo (±2.8)] but significantly more postoperative complications (60% of eyes) and non–IOP-related procedures (40% of eyes) than the TSCPC group (20% for postoperative complications and 18% for non–IOP-related procedures).

Conclusions:
Although both second procedures are efficacious in lowering IOP and number of IOP-lowering medications, TSCPC failed earlier, whereas a second GDD had significantly more complications.
Reproducibility of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Macular and Optic Nerve Head Vascular Density in Glaucoma and Healthy Eyes
Authors: Manalastas Patricia I.C. , Zangwill Linda M. , Saunders Luke J. , Mansouri Kaweh , Belghith Akram , Suh Min Hee , Yarmohammadi Adeleh , Penteado Rafaella C. , Akagi Tadamichi , Shoji Takuhei , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a noninvasive technology that allows visualization of retinal blood vessels. It is important to determine reproducibility of measurements as low precision can impair its diagnostic capabilities. The purpose of this study is to determine intravisit and intervisit reproducibility of optic nerve head (ONH) and macular vessel density measurements with OCT-A.

Patients and Methods:
Fifteen healthy volunteers and 14 glaucoma patients completed 2 OCT-A (AngioVue; Optovue Inc.) scanning sessions on each of 2 separate days to assess intravisit and intervisit reproducibility. A series of ONH and macula scans were acquired at each session. Vessel density (%), the proportion of vessel area over the total measurement area was calculated. Reproducibility was summarized using coefficients of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients calculated from variance component models.

Results:
In healthy eyes, the CV of intravisit and intervisit global vessel density measures ranged from 1.8% to 3.2% in ONH scans and 2.5% to 9.0% in macular scans. In glaucoma eyes, the CV of intravisit and intervisit global vessel density measures ranged from 2.3% to 4.1% in ONH scans and 3.2% to 7.9% in macular scans. CVs were lower for global than sectorial measures. Global OCT-A ONH intraclass correlation measurements for the retinal nerve fiber layer in healthy eyes were lower (range: 0.65 to 0.85) than in glaucoma eyes (range: 0.89 to 0.94). Scan size did not make large differences in measurement CVs.

Conclusions:
Reproducibility of OCT-A ONH and macula vessel density measurements is good. Moreover, glaucoma patients have sparser vessel density with poorer reproducibility than healthy subjects.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Segmentation Errors in the Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell Complex in Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Miki Atsuya , Kumoi Miho , Usui Shinichi , Endo Takao , Kawashima Rumi , Morimoto Takeshi , Matsushita Kenji , Fujikado Takashi , Nishida Kohji 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence of errors in segmentation of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) boundary in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) images, and to identify factors associated with the errors.

Materials and Methods:
Peripapillary RNFL circle scans and macular 3-dimensional scans of consecutive cases imaged with SDOCT (RS-3000 Advance; Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) were retrospectively reviewed by a glaucoma specialist. Images with signal strength index (SSI)<6 were excluded. Threshold for segmentation failure was determined as 15 degrees in the RNFL scans and 1/24 of the scanned area in the GCC scans. Relationships between segmentation failure and clinical factors were statistically evaluated with univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results:
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 207 eyes of 117 subjects (mean age, 58.5±16.5 y). Segmentation failure was found in 20.7% of the peripapillary RNFL scans, 16.6% of the 9 mm GCC scans, and 6.9% of the 6 mm GCC scans in SDOCT images. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, low SSI, large disc area, and disease type significantly correlated with RNFL segmentation failure, whereas SSI was the only baseline factor that was significantly associated with GCC segmentation failure.

Conclusions:
Although segmentation failure was common in both RNFL and GCC scans, it was less frequently observed in GCC scans. SSI, disc area, and disease type were significantly associated with segmentation failure. Predictive performance of baseline factors for failure was poor, underlining the importance of reviewing raw OCT images before using OCT parameters.
Utility of trabecular bone score in the evaluation of osteoporosis
Authors: Martineau Patrick , Silva Barbara C. , Leslie William D. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a lumbar spine dual-energy absorptiometry texture index which provides information on skeletal quality partially independent of bone mineral density (BMD). A body of work has emerged demonstrating the relationship between TBS and fracture risk, with lower TBS values associated with increased risk for osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women and older men. TBS is derived from standard DXA images; however, the information provided by TBS is complementary to that provided by BMD. In this article, we review the current state of TBS and its evolving role in the assessment and management of osteoporosis, with particular emphasis on the literature of the previous year.

Recent findings
TBS-adjusted The Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX) probabilities enhance fracture risk prediction compared with conventional FRAX predictions. TBS has been found to better categorize fracture risk and assists in FRAX-based treatment decisions, particularly for patients close to an intervention threshold. However, change in lumbar spine TBS while undergoing antiresorptive treatment is not a useful indicator of antifracture effect.

Summary
Lumbar spine TBS is a recently developed image-based software technique for skeletal assessment, complementary to conventional BMD, which has been shown to be clinically useful as a fracture risk prediction tool.
Short article: Alcohol and substance use, race, and insurance status predict nontreatment for hepatitis C virus in the era of direct acting antivirals: a retrospective study in a large urban tertiary center
Authors: Sims Omar T. , Guo Yuqi , Shoreibah Mohamed G. , Venkata Krishna , Fitzmorris Paul , Kommineni Vishnu , Romano John , Massoud Omar I. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have overcome many long-standing medical barriers to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment (i.e. host characteristics and medical contraindications) and treatment outcome disparities that were associated with interferon regimens. The public health and clinical benefit of current and forthcoming DAA discoveries will be limited if efforts are not made to examine racial, psychological, and socioeconomic factors associated with being treated with DAAs. This study examined racial, psychological, and socioeconomic factors that facilitate and inhibit patients receiving DAAs for HCV.

Patients and methods
This was a single-center retrospective cohort study at a large urban tertiary center of patients (n=747) who were referred for evaluation and treatment of HCV.

Results
Sixty-eight percent of patients were non-Hispanic White, 31% were African American, and 1% were of other ethnicities. The majority of patients received treatment, but 29% (218/747) did not. Patients who were older [odds ratio (OR)=1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.04] and insured (OR=2.73, 95% CI: 1.12–6.97) were more likely to receive HCV treatment. Patients who were African American (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.46–1.06), used drugs (OR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.04–0.17), smoked (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.37–0.81), and used alcohol (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.06–0.20) were less likely to receive HCV treatment.

Conclusion
Though DAAs have eliminated many historically, long-standing medical barriers to HCV treatment, several racial, psychological and socioeconomic barriers, and disparities remain. Consequently, patients who are African American, uninsured, and actively use drugs and alcohol will suffer from increased HCV-related morbidity and mortality in the coming years if deliberate public health and clinical efforts are not made to facilitate access to DAAs.
A Web Application to Facilitate Syphilis Reactor Grid Evaluations
Authors: Avoundjian Tigran , Khosropour Christine M. , Golden Matthew R. , Barbee Lindley A. , Dombrowski Julia C. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Many health departments use a “reactor grid” to determine which laboratory-reported syphilis serologic test results require investigation. We developed a Web-based tool, the Syphilis Reactor Grid Evaluator (SRGE), to facilitate health department reactor grid evaluations and test the tool using data from Seattle & King County, Washington.

Methods
We developed SRGE using the R Shiny Web application framework. When populated with a data set including titer results and final disposition codes, SRGE displays the percent of verified early syphilis cases by serologic titer result and patient age in each cell of the grid. The results can be optionally stratified by sex, test type, and previous rapid plasma reagin titer. The impact of closing laboratory results without investigation in cells selected by the user is dynamically computed. The SRGE calculates the percent of all laboratory reports closed (“efficiency gained”), the proportion of all early syphilis cases closed without investigation (“case finding loss”), and the ratio of percent of cases identified for investigation to percent of all laboratory reports investigated (“efficiency ratio”). After defining algorithms, users can compare them side-by-side, combine subgroup-specific algorithms, and export results. We used SRGE to compare the current Public Health–Seattle & King County (PHSKC) reactor grid to 5 alternate algorithms.

Results
Of 13,504 rapid plasma reagin results reported to PHSKC from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015, 1565 were linked to verified early syphilis cases. Updating PHSKC's current reactor grid could result in an efficiency gain of 4.8% to 25.2% (653–3403 laboratory reports) and case finding loss of 1% to 8.4% (10–99 fewer cases investigated).

Conclusions
The Syphilis Reactor Grid Evaluator can be used to rapidly evaluate alternative approaches to optimizing the reactor grid. Changing the reactor grid in King County to close more laboratory results without investigation could improve efficiency with minimal impact on syphilis case finding.
Corneal Hysteresis Is Reduced in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Nadarajah Suchitra , Samsudin Amir , Ramli Norlina , Tan Chong Tin , Mimiwati Zahari 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
To our knowledge, this is the first time a study looking at the association between corneal hysteresis (CH) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity has been reported. We provide evidence that CH is lower in OSAS and speculate on the possible causes.

PURPOSE
The present study aims to look at the association between CH and severity of OSAS, and whether CH could be another link between OSAS and the development of glaucoma.

METHODS
This was a cross-sectional, observational study at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Patients undergoing polysomnography for assessment of OSAS were recruited. We measured central corneal thickness (CCT) using optical biometry, and CH using ocular response analysis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and Humphrey visual field (HVF) indices were also measured. The Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) divided patients into normal, mild, moderate, and severe OSAS categories. The normal and mild categories (47.9%) were then collectively called group 1, and the moderate and severe categories (52.1%) were called group 2. T tests, Pearson correlation tests, and general linear model analysis were performed, with P <.05 considered statistically significant.

RESULTS
One eye each from 117 patients (75 men, 42 women) was included. Patients in group 2 had lower CH (9.8 ± 1.4 vs. 10.3 ± 1.1 mm Hg, P = .029), with unchanged estimated marginal means after correcting for age, sex, CCT, and IOP (P = .026). There were no statistically significant differences in IOP, CCT, or HVF indices between the two groups (all P > .05). CH correlated negatively with AHI (r = −0.229, P = .013) and positively with lowest oxygen saturation (r = 0.213, P = .022).

CONCLUSIONS
CH is lower in moderate/severe OSAS than in normal/mild cases. This may be another link between OSAS and the development of glaucoma; further studies are indicated to determine the significance of this connection.
Centration and Decentration of Contact Lenses during Peripheral Gaze
Authors: El-Nimri Nevin W. , Walline Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
Varying amounts of peripheral defocus reported in previous studies are likely due to whether peripheral defocus is measured while turning the eyes or the head. Contact lenses (CLs) lag when viewing objects in peripheral gaze, so future studies ought to measure peripheral defocus while turning the head to measure defocus through the peripheral add power.

PURPOSE
Soft multifocal CL peripheral defocus studies report varying results. To determine whether soft multifocal CL lag when turning the eyes could affect the measurement of peripheral defocus, we measured how much CLs move when looking in different gazes.

METHODS
The distance between limbus and CL edge was measured with a slit-lamp reticle magnifier. Centration was measured as the distance between CL edge and limbus at the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal location of the CL while in primary gaze. Decentration of the CL equals the difference of the distance between the CL edge and limbus while looking centrally and 20 degrees in each direction. All measurements were performed while subjects wore habitual and Proclear Multifocal CL.

RESULTS
The average ± SD age of the 40 subjects was 27.8 ± 8.4 years, 65% were female, and SE refractive error was −4.43 ± 2.05 diopters. The soft multifocal CLs decentered 0.09 ± 0.03 mm temporal (P = .006). The soft multifocal CLs lagged 0.49 ± 0.28 mm while looking down (P < .001), 0.24 ± 0.36 mm while looking up (P = .008), 0.58 ± 0.20 mm while looking nasal (P < .001), and 0.35 ± 0.21 mm while looking temporal (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Soft multifocal CLs center temporally in primary gaze, and they lag significantly while looking in every direction, but 0.50 mm or more when looking down or nasal, which could affect measurement of peripheral defocus when subjects turn their eyes instead of their head.