bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Gene Mobility and Gene Flow Between Genetically Modified Mon 15985 Cotton and Pleurotus Ostreatus
Authors: Shang Ying , Yan Yan , Xu Wentao , Tian Wenying , Huang Kunlun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe possibilities of gene mobility and gene flow between Pleurotus ostreatus and its culture medium transgenic cotton were determined. The results showed that P. ostreatus cultivated in the medium with transgenic cottonseed hulls grew more slowly for approximately 5 days than in the medium without transgenic component. But there was no significant difference in the yield after 240 days. Exogenous genes of the GM cottonseed hulls were successfully detected in the DNA of P. ostreatus, however, they could not be detected at the RNA level. The growth of P. ostreatus was delayed by transgenic cotton, and it could accept foreign genes during the cultivation process from 60 to 240 days. Whereas, the foreign genes did not integrated into the P. ostreatus genome, which possibly due to these genes were unstable or the necessary conditions or substances required for gene flow were not present.Practical ApplicationsThis work has been systematically studied the gene mobility and gene flow between Pleurotus ostreatus and its culture medium transgenic cotton were determined. The growth states of the P. ostreatus between the transgenic cottonseed hulls and control group were observed. An efficient DNA extraction method of P. ostreatus was discussed, after determining of the DNA concentration, purity and digestion ability, the optimized magnetic DNA purification system was chosen as the best method, which can be applied in many aspects related to the DNA extraction of mushroom. The exogenous genes of transgenic cotton were detection from DNA and RNA of P. ostreatus. Through PCR amplification, the exogenous genes were detected in the DNA, but not in the RNA, which meant the exogenous genes did not integrate into the genome of the mushroom. The results in this study can further bring certain reference value of the use of the GM crops residues.
Metabolic factors affect the occurrence of colorectal neoplasm on surveillance colonoscopies
Authors: So Hoonsub , Han Seungbong , Park Hye Won , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Ji Young , Lee Ho‐Su , Chang Hye‐Sook , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Choe Jaewon , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Byeon Jeong‐Sik 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and Aim:Although metabolic factors such as obesity and hyperlipidemia were reported to be associated with high prevalence of colorectal neoplasm (CRN), their influence on the occurrence of CRN at surveillance colonoscopy has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between metabolic factors and the risk of CRN at the time of surveillance colonoscopy.Methods:We reviewed the medical records of 1792 asymptomatic subjects (average 52.1 years, 1233 male) who underwent screening and follow‐up surveillance colonoscopies. Fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and colonoscopic findings at the time of baseline screening were analyzed to find any associations with the occurrence of CRN at the time of surveillance colonoscopy.Results:The median interval between screening and surveillance colonoscopies was 3.34 years. The 3‐ and 5‐year cumulative CRN incidences were 22.3% and 54.8%, respectively. Several metabolic factors such as hypertension, waist circumference, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride were associated with the occurrence of CRN in univariate analysis. Age, current alcohol drinker status, and high‐risk colonoscopy findings at baseline remained independent risk factors for CRN occurrence in multivariate analysis. High waist circumference was also an independent risk factor (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04; P < 0.001).Conclusions:Metabolic factors, especially waist circumference, affect CRN occurrence at the time of surveillance colonoscopy. The surveillance colonoscopy interval may be optimized based on metabolic factors and screening colonoscopy findings.
Maize ZmVPP5 is a truncated Vacuole H+‐PPase that confers hypersensitivity to salt stress
Authors: Sun Xiaoliang , Qi Weiwei , Yue Yihong , Ling Huiling , Wang Gang , Song Rentao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn plants, Vacuole H+‐PPases (VPPs) are important proton pumps and encoded by multiple genes. In addition to full‐length VPPs, several truncated forms are expressed, but their biological functions are unknown. In this study, we functionally characterized maize vacuole H+‐PPase 5 (ZmVPP5), a truncated VPP in the maize genome. Although ZmVPP5 shares high sequence similarity with ZmVPP1, ZmVPP5 lacks the complete structure of the conserved proton transport and the inorganic pyrophosphatase‐related domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ZmVPP5 might be derived from an incomplete gene duplication event. ZmVPP5 is expressed in multiple tissues, and ZmVPP5 was detected in the plasma membrane, vacuole membrane and nuclei of maize cells. The overexpression of ZmVPP5 in yeast cells caused a hypersensitivity to salt stress. Transgenic maize lines with overexpressed ZmVPP5 also exhibited the salt hypersensitivity phenotype. A yeast two‐hybrid analysis identified the ZmBag6‐like protein as a putative ZmVPP5‐interacting protein. The results of bimolecular luminescence complementation (BiLC) assay suggest an interaction between ZmBag6‐like protein and ZmVPP5 in vivo. Overall, this study suggests that ZmVPP5 might act as a VPP antagonist and participate in the cellular response to salt stress. Our study of ZmVPP5 has expanded the understanding of the origin and functions of truncated forms of plant VPPs.
White mica 40Ar/39Ar age spectra and the timing of multiple episodes of high‐P metamorphic mineral growth in the Cycladic eclogite–blueschist belt, Syros, Aegean Sea, Greece
Authors: Lister G. S. , Forster M. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNew geochronology from Syros in the Cycladic eclogite–blueschist belt, Aegean Sea, Greece, shows that 40Ar/39Ar geochronology consistently dates microstructural events in metamorphic rocks. We demonstrate that the age spectra depend on microstructure in a predictable and systematic way. Ages can be inferred by applying the method of asymptotes and limits to data from the step‐heating experiments. The results are consistent with previously published estimates for the timing of a sequence of distinct and discrete episodes of high‐P metamorphic mineral growth observed regionally across this belt. Arrhenius plots from these experiments imply that phengitic white mica is highly retentive of argon, and therefore (if these data can be extrapolated to the natural environment) the ages can be interpreted as recording the timing of episodic deformation and metamorphism. Porphyroblastic growth begins: (i) for omphacite–jadeite–eclogite facies parageneses at c. 53 Ma; and (ii) for garnet–glaucophane facies parageneses at c. 47 Ma. The Kini Shear Zone started as an extensional post‐epidote–albite‐transitional–blueschist facies shear zone that had completed operation by c. 31 Ma. The scatter in ages is due to the effect of deformation, recrystallization and multiple growth events in shear zones that continued operating for 3–6 million years from the start of each episode.
Cultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale
Authors: Simão Talita Prado , Lopes Chaves Erika de Cássia , Campos de Carvalho Emília , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Carvalho Camila Csizmar , Ku Ya‐Li , Iunes Denise Hollanda 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo culturally adapt and test the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale.BackgroundIn Brazil, there is currently a lack of validated instruments that assess the spiritual dimension, which includes the spiritual distress phenomenon that can be experienced at different moments in a person's life. This can include times when a person is affected by a disease such as cancer, which occurs suddenly and causes significant life changes.DesignMethodological and cross‐sectional study.MethodsCultural adaptation of the Spiritual Distress Scale was performed using translation and back‐translation stages, evaluation of cultural equivalence, committee review and pretesting. An interview using the Brazilian version of the scale was conducted with 170 patients in a cancer treatment unit of a charitable general hospital (not state funded). The following psychometric properties were evaluated: construct validity (divergence and factor analysis) and internal consistency/reliability (Cronbach's α and Kappa).ResultsReliability analysis in the intra‐ and inter‐rater phase showed that more than half of the items had Kappa values > 0·75. A correlation between the Spiritual Well‐Being Scale and the Spiritual Distress Scale was found. Overall, the Spiritual Distress Scale showed a Cronbach's α of 0·87, with three of its four domains showing significant parameters.ConclusionThe Brazilian version of the Spiritual Distress Scale proved to be a reliable, valid and efficient instrument that is capable of assessing spiritual distress. The Brazilian Spiritual Distress Scale presented reliability and validity parameters that correspond to the original English version of the scale.Relevance to clinical practiceThe existence of an internationally validated instrument that assesses spiritual distress will assist healthcare professionals and researchers in recognising this phenomenon in clinical practice.
Rethinking the intensive care environment: considering nature in nursing practice
Authors: Minton Claire , Batten Lesley 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesWith consideration of an environmental concept, this paper explores evidence related to the negative impacts of the intensive care unit environment on patient outcomes and explores the potential counteracting benefits of ‘nature‐based’ nursing interventions as a way to improve care outcomes.BackgroundThe impact of the environment in which a patient is nursed has long been recognised as one determinant in patient outcomes. Whilst the contemporary intensive care unit environment contains many features that support the provision of the intensive therapies the patient requires, it can also be detrimental, especially for long‐stay patients.DesignThis narrative review considers theoretical and evidence‐based literature that supports the adoption of nature‐based nursing interventions in intensive care units.MethodsResearch and theoretical literature from a diverse range of disciplines including nursing, medicine, psychology, architecture and environmental science were considered in relation to patient outcomes and intensive care nursing practice.ConclusionThere are many nature‐based interventions that intensive care unit nurses can implement into their nursing practice to counteract environmental stressors. These interventions can also improve the environment for patients’ families and nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceIntensive care unit nurses must actively consider and manage the environment in which nursing occurs to facilitate the best patient outcomes.
The impact of an integrated nursing handover system on nurses' satisfaction and work practices
Authors: Johnson Maree , Sanchez Paula , Zheng Catherine 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study examined the impact of an Integrated Nursing Handover System – structured content, a minimum data set and an electronic module within the patient clinical information system – on nurses' satisfaction with handover and changes to practice.BackgroundPoor transfer of patient information between clinicians at handover has been associated with adverse patient outcomes.DesignA mixed methods pre‐post evaluative approach was used.MethodsThe Integrated Nursing Handover System was introduced and evaluated within an Australian hospital. Changes to nurses' satisfaction were measured using the modified Bradley Clinical Handover Survey (n = 40 pre, n = 80 post). Three focus groups with clinicians (2) and mangers and educators (1) examined changes to clinical practice. The location of handover was observed.ResultsNurses' satisfaction with handover was improved. A two stage approach to handover emerged: nurses received handover of all patients within meeting rooms followed by handover delivered at the bedside. Major categories identified through content analysis included: implementation and the transition, work practice changes and bedside handover, accessible and standardised patient information, accountability for information transfer and a central repository of patient information.ConclusionAn integrated system has been implemented with positive outcomes of: improved nurse satisfaction with handover, nurses being informed about all patients, enhanced patient transfers and improved patient information for all health professionals. Further research into the potential use of stored patient handover data for research is recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceThis comprehensive system of nursing handover represents the first integrated system of this nature ever reported in the nursing and health literature. This integrated nursing handover system has been successfully implemented resulting in delivery of more comprehensive, logical and standardised patient information at handover.
Factors associated with medication adherence in patients living with cirrhosis
Authors: Polis Suzanne , Zang Ling , Mainali Bhawana , Pons Rachel , Pavendranathan Gokulan , Zekry Amany , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesMedication adherence in people with cirrhosis is largely unknown. This study aims to determine adherence patterns and factors associated with adherence in patients with cirrhosis.BackgroundPrescribed medications are a pivotal component in the clinical management of cirrhosis with potential to retard disease progression and reduce complication risks. Medication adherence is necessary to optimise health outcomes. Understanding why medications are missed may help to develop strategies and inform nursing practice.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsParticipants (n = 29) diagnosed with cirrhosis attending a tertiary hospital consented to complete a self‐reported survey. Demographic information, adherence to medications, patient knowledge and quality of life data were collected, collated, checked and analysed using spss version 21.ResultsLess than half of the 28 patients who completed the adherence questionnaire (n = 13, 46%) reported that they had never missed medication. Being forgetful, being away from home and falling asleep contributed to nonadherence. Having less abdominal symptoms, less fatigue and increased emotional well‐being were significantly associated with patients never missing medications.ConclusionsTo our knowledge this is the first published study to describe adherent behaviour and the reasons medications are missed in this population. The percentage of nonadherent participants is of concern considering the potential morbidity risk that is associated with missed medications and rebound symptoms of cirrhosis. Strategies to improve and sustain adherence levels are required including enhanced adherence counselling offered to patients who are deteriorating or experience periodic exacerbation of symptoms.Relevance to clinical practiceStudy findings have the potential to change clinical practice especially the way nurses target motivational adherence counselling, key treatment messages, education and adherence monitoring. The results presented here provide a basis for developing adherence strategies and nursing management plans to improve adherence and health outcomes in people with cirrhosis.
Assimilation into daily practice: implementing and sustaining a randomised‐controlled trial in a children's clinical service
Authors: Hilliard Carol , Brenner Maria 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore nurses' experiences of being involved in a clinically based randomised‐controlled trial in a children's hospital.BackgroundNumerous studies have explored the barriers to research utilisation by nurses. However, there is little information available on the methodological challenges and practical implementation of a study in a busy clinical setting.DesignA qualitative exploratory descriptive design using semi‐structured interviews was adopted.MethodsA purposeful sample of eight nurses responsible for implementing the research protocols, the consent process and data collection for the randomised‐controlled trial were interviewed between March–June 2013. Data were analysed using a thematic network analysis framework.ResultsThe analysis of the data yielded the global theme of ‘Expectations vs. Reality’ as participants discussed their experience of being part of a nurse‐led randomised‐controlled trial in a busy children's burns service. This global theme arose from three organising themes: developing nursing practice; enhanced research knowledge and time to engage.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that nurses in a busy tertiary children's hospital were generally very positive about being part of a nurse‐led randomised‐controlled trial. Although the benefits outweighed the challenges of engaging in research for the nurses in this study, this level of commitment and motivation can be difficult to maintain. Collaboration with nurses in clinical practice and the development of support structures can help to promote sustainable engagement in research.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings highlight the importance of developing robust structures which support nurses at clinical level to engage in research without feeling they must choose between competing priorities of patient care and research activity.
Diabetic and nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have an impaired incretin effect and fasting hyperglucagonaemia
Authors: Junker A. E. , Gluud L. , Holst J. J. , Knop F. K. , Vilsbøll T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated whether patients with histologically verified nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have an impaired incretin effect and hyperglucagonaemia.MethodsFour groups matched for age, sex and body mass index were studied: (i) 10 patients with normal glucose tolerance and NAFLD; (ii) 10 patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD; (iii) eight patients with type 2 diabetes and no liver disease; and (iv) 10 controls. All participants underwent a 50‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an isoglycaemic intravenous glucose infusion (IIGI). We determined the incretin effect by relating the beta cell secretory responses during the OGTT and IIGI. Data are presented as medians (interquartile range), and the groups were compared by using the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsControls exhibited a higher incretin effect [55% (43–73%)] compared with the remaining three groups (P < 0.001): 39% (44–71%) in the nondiabetic NAFLD patients, 20% (−5−50%) in NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes, and 2% (−8−6%) in patients with type 2 diabetes and no liver disease. We found fasting hyperglucagonaemia in NAFLD patients with [7.5 pmol L−1 (6.8–15 pmol L−1)] and without diabetes [7.5 pmol L−1 (5.0–8.0 pmol L−1)]. Fasting glucagon levels were lower but similar in patients with type 2 diabetes and no liver disease [4.5 pmol L−1 (3.0–6.0 pmol L−1)] and controls [3.4 pmol L−1 (1.8–6.0 pmol L−1)]. All groups had similar glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses.ConclusionsPatients with NAFLD have a reduced incretin effect and fasting hyperglucagonaemia, with the latter occurring independently of glucose (in)tolerance.
How Inhomogeneous Salt Distribution Can affect the Sensory Properties of Salt‐Reduced Multi‐Component Food: Contribution of A Mixture Experimental Design Approach Applied to Pizza
Authors: Guilloux Marion , Prost Carole , Courcoux Philippe , Le Bail Alain , Lethuaut Laurent 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSalt reduction in food is a major concern for public health authorities but remains a challenge for the food industry. Aims of this study are to modulate salt distribution between the ingredients of salt‐reduced pizza (−30%) by modifying the salt content of each ingredient without changing the total salt content of pizza using mixture experimental design, to demonstrate its impact on sensory properties, and to determine the formulation with sensory properties, evaluated by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, closest to the reference product. In this study, pizzas are made of dough, ham, cheese and sauce in constant proportions. Obtained results underline the consequences of modulating salt distribution on perception of multi‐component foods. The distribution of salt between ingredients affects taste and texture perception and predictive models are established for each discriminating attributes. An optimal formulation, determined by multi‐response analysis, is found with sensory properties closest to the reference product allowing compensating salt reduction. This formulation is composed of 20% of salt from cooked ham, 47.5% from mozzarella‐style cheese, 0% from dough and 32.5% from tomato sauce. Salt should thus be located preferentially within mozzarella‐style cheese and tomato sauce whereas it can be extensively reduced in dough.Practical ApplicationsIn addition to being used as a taste and flavour enhancer, salt is involved in (1) food preservation by decreasing water activity; (2) in food structure by modifying the protein network and interactions between proteins and components of food; and (3) in the variation of enzyme activity This is why, reducing the salt content in food products without affecting their organoleptic properties constitutes a major challenge for the manufacturers. This work presents the feasibility of modulating salt distribution between ingredients of salt‐reduced pizza (−30%) by modifying the salt content of each ingredient without changing the total salt content of pizza as an efficient way to maintain sensory perceptions as reference product allowing compensating salt reduction.
Paternal sex allocation: how variable is the sperm sex ratio?
Authors: Edwards A. M. , Cameron E. Z. , Pereira J. C. , Ferguson‐Smith M. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractResearch on mammalian sex allocation has focused almost exclusively on mothers under the implied assumption that the male contribution is neutral, with an equal proportion of X‐ and Y‐chromosomes resulting from meiosis during sperm production. Although early studies on sperm traits suggested that sex ratios were at parity, technological advances have made analysis cheaper and more reliable. Subsequently, more studies have shown variation in the X‐/Y‐chromosome‐bearing spermatozoa (CBS) ratio, usually in relation to unusual circumstances, like environmental contamination. Nonetheless, these are assumed to be abnormal, and studies on sex allocation still assume that biases in the sex ratio at conception arise maternally. We investigated sperm sex ratios in a mammalian model species, and found that sperm sex ratios at both the sample and population level show significant variation. We also found significant heterogeneity in the population, confirming that samples vary from each other. This challenges the current assumption that sperm sex ratio are meitoically controlled and shows variation under conditions where we would not expect it. These results raise the possibility of adaptive paternal control of sex allocation. We discuss the implication of this and the possible interaction with maternal sex allocation. This study confirms that complete sex allocation research requires the investigation into paternal contributions, as well as those of mothers.