bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARAMETER POPULASI HIU MARTIL (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Sentosa Agus Arifin , Dharmadi Dharmadi , Tjahjo Didik Wahju Hendro 
Published: January 2017

Hiu martil (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) merupakan salah satu target tangkapan bagi perikanan artisanal di Indonesia. Dengan status konservasi masuk dalam Appendix II CITES, pengelolaan terhadap hiu martil telah menjadi perhatian khusus di bidang perikanan tangkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek parameter populasi hiu martil yang tertangkap di perairan selatan Nusa Tenggara pada periode Januari – Desember 2015. Data ukuran panjang dan jenis kelamin diperoleh di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan perangkat lunak FiSAT II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 634 ekor hiu martil yang tertangkap didominasi oleh jenis kelamin betina dengan sebaran ukuran panjang total berkisar antara 81 – 320 cm (rerata 211,2 cm) dan jenis kelamin jantan berkisar antara 91 – 310 cm (rerata 176,9 cm). Dominasi kelompok hiu muda yang belum matang kelamin berpotensi terjadinya recruitment overfishing. Hiu martil mampu mencapai panjang asimtot 399 cm. Laju pertumbuhan dan mortalitas jenis hiu jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis betina. Populasi hiu martil telah mengalami kondisi tangkap lebih sehingga perlu adanya regulasi dan pengelolaan agar pemanfaatannya tetap lestari. The scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) is one of the main target fishing for artisanal shark fisheries in Indonesia. By the conservation status of Appendix II CITES, its management had been concerned in capture fisheries. This research aimed to assess some aspects of scalloped hammerhead shark population parameters caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara in the period from January to December 2015. Fish length and sex was obtained in Tanjung Luar landing site, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The analysis was done descriptively used FiSAT II software. The results showed that 634 individuals of hammerhead shark caught dominated by female with a total length size distribution ranging between 81-320 cm (mean 211.2 cm) and male ranged between 91-310 cm (mean 176.9 cm). The dominance catch of juvenile sharks with immature was potential to recruitment overfishing. Sphyrna lewini was capable of reaching 399 cm asymptotic length. The growth rate and mortality of male sharks was higher than female. The population of S. lewini had been overfished so that the regulation and management are needed in order to maintain their sustainability of the population.
Histological and immunohistochemical study of cyclophosphamide effect on adult rat testis
Authors: Anan Hoda H. , Wahba Nashwa S. , Abdallah Maha A. , Mohamed Dalia A. 
Published: January 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nowadays, cyclophosphamide is widely used as anticancer and immunosuppressive agent in various drug regimens in many diseases and in young and old age. The aim of this research is to study the possible histological changes that may occur in the testes of adult male albino rats as a result of chronic exposure to cyclophosphamide and the prognosis of this effect.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty healthy adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were equally divided into three groups; a control, an experimental and a withdrawal groups. The Animals of the experimental group were treated with daily dose of 5 mg/ kg cyclophosphamide orally for successive 28 days. Animals of the withdrawal group were left without treatment and sacrificed after 28 days from the last dose of cyclophosphamide. At the time of sacrifice, all animals were anesthetized by ether inhalation and their testes were dissected out carefully and processed for light and electron microscope examinations<span lang="EN-IN">. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Testes of the cyclophosphamide treated group revealed presence of many distorted shrunken seminiferous tubules which appeared with marked reduction in the thickness of the epithelium and wide lumina. Many germ cells with deeply stained nuclei, giant cells in mitosis and intracellular vacuoles were observed. Cross sections in mid pieces of sperms showed marked affection of axoneme, fibrous sheath and mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of the Leydig cells contained mitochondria, dilated SER, Golgi cisternae and RER. Testes of the withdrawal group showed that the seminiferous tubules still had reduced height of their epithelium with wide intercellular spaces. Abnormal stratification and destructed germinal epithelium were evident with desquamated germ cells. Cross sections of mid pieces of the sperms showed distorted axoneme and swollen mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of leydig cells contained many electron dense granules, RER, many dilated SER and mitochondria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic cyclophosphamide treatment not only produced serious histological changes of the testis but also in its serological parameter. These changes persisted after cessation of cyclophosphamide administration which indicates the cumulative irreversible toxic effect of cyclophosphamide. So, it is advisable to avoid the usage of cyclophosphamide as possible especially in young patients<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of Shigella and Salmonella species in under ten diarrhoeic children admitted to Tirunesh-Beijing hospital
Authors: Hawaz Habtamu , Girma Selamawit , Tezera Yordanos , Ahmed Umer , Kelel Musin 
Published: January 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diarrheal diseases constitute a major burden of disease in the low and middle-income countries of the world with diarrhea being the second leading cause of morbidity. Now a day, food borne disease, caused by <em>Shigella </em>and <em>Salmonella species</em> is the most common type of bacterial gastroenteritis have gained multiple antimicrobial resistances; the challenge for clinical management. For acute childhood diarrhea that requires antimicrobial therapy correct choice of the drug depends on detailed previous knowledge of local strains. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of diarrheal diseases in under 10 children admitted to Tirunesh-Beijing hospital to provide preliminary information for healthcare providers.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Selective and differential media for isolation of diarrhea causing bacterial species was used. Further biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the results. The drug sensitivity and resistance pattern of isolated bacteria was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Data about patients' sex and age, pathogens isolated and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were recorded<span lang="EN-IN">. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 22 stool samples collected from diarrhoeic under ten children the majority was males. Two (9.1%) stool samples were found positive for one <em>Shigella sonnei</em> and one <em>Shigilla flexnrei </em>while no <em>Salmonella </em><em>species </em>was identified.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The isolated <em>Shigella species</em> showed high antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and ampicillin. But it was susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Therefore, frequent assessment of the pattern of resistance and prevalence is needed to keep the community save and use appropriate drug for treatment in the study area<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p>
Impact of Periodontitis Case Criteria: A Cross‐Sectional Study of Lifestyle
Authors: Kongstad Johanne , Enevold Christian , Christensen Lisa Bøge , Fiehn Nils‐Erik , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: January 2017

Background: Associations of risk factors/indicators with periodontitis may depend on the included case criterion. The objective of the current study is to evaluate differences in outcome by applying five periodontitis case definitions for cross‐sectional associations with lifestyle factors among participants of the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES).Methods: A total of 4,402 adults aged 18 to 96 years from the general health examination of DANHES had a periodontal examination consisting of half‐mouth registration at six sites per tooth including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Periodontitis was defined according to severe periodontitis, European Workshop of Periodontology (EWP)‐specific, meanCAL ≥2.55 mm, CAL‐tertile, and PD‐CAL definitions. Multivariable logistic regression models fitted the association of age, sex, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, educational level, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity, body fat percentage, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and C‐reactive protein with periodontitis.Results: Number of cases captured by the five periodontitis case definitions ranged from 337 (9.2%) to 1,136 (31.0%). A total of 224 participants were defined as periodontitis cases by all five criteria. Analyses on 3,665 participants with complete data revealed statistically significant associations of age and smoking with all periodontitis case definitions and of male sex with severe periodontitis and EWP‐specific definitions. Educational level (two lowest groups) was related to three periodontitis criteria. Among obesity and hyperlipidemia measures no factors were related to periodontitis.Conclusion: Regression analyses showed little difference in odds ratio across the five periodontitis case definitions; however, the level of significance did show some variation.
Multiphase-Flow and Reactive-Transport Validation Studies at the Pore Scale by Use of Lattice Boltzmann Computer Simulations
Authors: Boek Edo S. , Zacharoudiou Ioannis , Gray Farrel , Shah Saurabh M. , Crawshaw John P. , Yang Jianhui 
Published: January 2017

Summary
We describe the recent development of lattice Boltzmann (LB) and particle-tracing computer simulations to study flow and reactive transport in porous media. First, we measure both flow and solute transport directly on pore-space images obtained from micro-computed-tomography (CT) scanning. We consider rocks with increasing degree of heterogeneity: a bead pack, Bentheimer sandstone, and Portland carbonate. We predict probability distributions for molecular displacements and find excellent agreement with pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) -nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) experiments. Second, we validate our LB model for multiphase flow by calculating capillary filling and capillary pressure in model porous media. Then, we extend our models to realistic 3D pore-space images and observe the calculated capillary pressure curve in Bentheimer sandstone to be in agreement with the experiment. A process-based algorithm is introduced to determine the distribution of wetting and nonwetting phases in the pore space, as a starting point for relative permeability calculations. The Bentheimer relative permeability curves for both drainage and imbibition are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. Third, we show the speedup of a graphics-processing-unit (GPU) algorithm for large-scale LB calculations, offering greatly enhanced computing performance in comparison with central-processing-unit (CPU) calculations. Finally, we propose a hybrid method to calculate reactive transport on pore-space images by use of the GPU code. We calculate the dissolution of a porous medium and observe agreement with the experiment. The LB method is a powerful tool for calculating flow and reactive transport directly on pore-space images of rock.
Soybean Yield and Nutritional Status Response to Nitrogen Sources and Rates of Foliar Fertilization
Authors: Moreira A. , Moraes L. A. C. , Schroth G. , Becker F. J. , Mandarino J. M. G. 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
In high‐yielding conditions, biological nitrogen fixation and soil total N may not be sufficient to sustain N uptake rates during soybean seed‐filling period to meet the seed N demand required to reach the maximum attainable seed yield. Foliar N fertilization in R3 to R4 growth stages may be used to increase N supply during the final reproductive cycle of plant.
The importance on nutrients application, in special N, in crop production has increased in recent years in tropical and subtropical conditions in Brazil because of intensive cultivation (soybean–wheat, soybean–corn, and soybean–cotton), use of high yielding cultivars, and increasing the cost of production.
Nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and rates (0, 5, and 10 kg ha−1) have different responses and efficiency index in seed yield, when N foliar applied on soybean leaves at the R3 to R4 growth stages.
The response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to foliar N application during pod formation has been inconsistent. The objective of this study over three growing seasons was to evaluate the effects of foliar N sources and rates of application on yield, nutritional status, and yield components of soybean. The treatments consisted of five sources [NO3NH4, CaNO3, KNO3, urea‐[CO(NH2)2], and (NH4)2SO4], two N rates (5 and 10 kg N ha−1), applied at the beginning pod growth stage, and a control (no‐N fertilization). Foliar N generally increased the seed yield, irrespective of the N source and analysis pooled over three growing seasons showed an average seed yield increase of 5.0% (211 kg ha−1) and 6.1% (259 kg ha−1) for the 5 and 10 kg N ha−1 over control, respectively. Neither N rate nor source affected seed size, protein, oil, and nutritional status of leaves or seed. Nitrogen rate affected N use efficiency, but results varied with N sources. These data suggest that foliar N application may increase yield of soybean under certain environmental conditions.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen for Energy Sorghum on Marginal Land in China
Authors: Chen Feng , Ameen Asif , Tang Chao‐Chen , Du Fu , Yang Xiao‐Lin , Xie Guang‐Hui 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Soil NO3−–N to a depth of 0 to 90 cm increased significantly as N rate increased.
The N rate of 120 kg ha−1 improved dry matter yield with reduced NO3−–N accumulation.
An N surplus seen first at an N rate of 60 kg ha−1 increased as N rate increased.
Most inorganic N was required for energy sorghum pre‐anthesis period growth.
Nitrogen management is essential for energy crop production maximization on marginal land. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of N fertilizer application rates on temporal–spatial changes in soil inorganic N and N surplus levels on marginal land. Biomass sorghum (variety GN‐11) and sweet sorghum (variety GT‐8) [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were planted under five N application rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg ha−1) in Inner Mongolia, China, in 2014 and 2015. With incremental increases in N application rates during each growing season, nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) content in the 0‐ to 90‐cm soil layer for two varieties significantly increased on elongation, anthesis, and harvest dates, while ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) remained stable. The NO3−–N accumulation in the 0‐ to 90‐cm soil layer at harvest significantly increased from 0 to 240 N kg ha−1. Larger inorganic N additions were required in the preanthesis period to maximize growth of both varieties compared to the postanthesis period. The apparent N surplus increased as N fertilizer rate increased. The N fertilizer of 120 kg ha−1 improved dry matter yield and relatively reduced NO3−–N accumulation. Thus, an N rate of 120 N kg ha−1, with an increasing proportion of topdressing N on the elongation date, and a decreasing proportion of basal N on the pre‐seeding date and topdressing N on the anthesis date, could improve biomass yield and reduce N accumulation to achieve more efficient sorghum production on marginal land in Inner Mongolia.
Long‐Term Agronomic Drawdown of Soil Phosphorus in Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain Soils
Authors: Fiorellino Nicole , Kratochvil Robert , Coale Frank 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Rate of soil P drawdown is a slow process having economic impacts to producers.
Cropping system affected drawdown of soil P concentrations at all locations.
Forage cropping systems exhibited faster soil P drawdown.
Lower initial soil P status resulted in faster soil P drawdown at one location.
Soils could take 18 to 44 yr to return to agronomic optimum P concentrations.
Phytoremediation remains the only management option to lower soil P concentrations.
Elevated soil P concentrations exist where manure has been repeatedly applied over a long period of time leading to regulatory restrictions on P applications targeted to decrease P loss from fields. Phytoextraction uses growing crops to remove contaminants, including P, from the soil through removal of crop biomass. A long‐term study initiated in 1994 compared effectiveness of forage and grain rotations common in the mid‐Atlantic region at reducing soil P concentrations in the absence of additional P application. Five soil P concentrations were established in replicated plots at three Maryland locations through application of manure. Grain and forage plots were established as main plots and soil P concentrations were split plots. Mehlich‐3 extractable phosphorus (M3P) concentrations were measured biennially or annually and rate of soil P drawdown was calculated as a first‐order decay equation. Phosphorus concentration was measured in grain and aboveground biomass from grain and forage plots, respectively, to measure crop P removal. Forage plots had greater P removal than grain plots at all locations studied. Forage plots tended to have greater rate of soil P drawdown at all three locations. An average of 20 yr was estimated for forage plots to return to optimum soil P concentrations, about 100 mg kg−1 Mehlich‐3 P, while an average of 25 yr was estimated for grain plots to return to optimum. Future research should investigate the relative proportions of soil P fractions, as Mehlich‐3 P concentrations may not be completely describing soil P drawdown behavior in the absence of P additions.
Nutritive Value and Nutrient Uptake of Summer‐Active and Summer‐Dormant Tall Fescue under Different Broiler Litter Rates
Authors: Read John J. , Adeli Ardeshir , Lang David J. , Oldham J. Larry 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
The nutrient value of broiler litter in tall fescue was compared with NPK fertilizer.
Nutrient uptake was similar between a summer‐dormant and two summer‐active ecotypes.
Flecha summer‐dormant produced more forage in early season that was less digestible.
A rate of 9.0 Mg litter per ha appeared to optimize forage yield and nutritive value.
Recommendations are provided for minimizing excess manure nutrients in tall fescue.
Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] responds to broiler litter fertilization; however, data concerning the summer dormancy trait are not available. This 3‐yr study (2006–2008) determined the nutrient value of litter compared with commercial fertilizer (CF) and associated changes in soil nutrients as affected by degree of fescue summer dormancy. Litter rates of 0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.4, and 17.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (as‐is moisture basis) and CF (2:1:2 ratio of N/P2O5/K2O, respectively) were split‐applied in autumn and spring, and forage was harvested at early, mid‐, and late season. At early and mid‐season harvests, forage digestibility exceeded 708 g kg−1 and cultivar Flecha summer‐dormant had greater dry matter (DM) yield, less crude protein (CP) and similar uptake of N and P, as compared with cultivars Jesup and Kentucky 31 summer‐active tall fescue. Phosphorus uptake increased linearly from 2 to 19 kg ha−1 across litter rates and was approximately 17 kg ha−1 with CF. Per megagram (Mg) of applied litter, ranking of slopes for cumulative DM and nutrient uptake in 2008 was Kentucky 31 > Flecha > Jesup and slope for CP was least in Flecha. While 9.0 Mg litter ha−1 appeared to be the optimum rate to achieve high nutritive value and DM yield, soil test P in 2008 was lower (P < 0.05) with CF or 0 Mg litter ha−1 than 4.5 or 9.0 Mg litter ha−1 (approximately 33.5 vs. 57.5 mg kg−1). Flecha summer‐dormant appeared to offer an early season productivity benefit and annual nutrient uptake comparable to summer‐active tall fescue.
INTERRELASI ANTARA ETIKA DAN SISTEM EKONOMI (Studi Pemikiran Ekonomi Ibnu Khaldun)
Authors: Salam Abdul 
Published: January 2017

<p>Ibn Khaldun was one of the scholars' greatest that no one doubted his dept of knowledge of Islamic religion. In the Islamic religious knowledge, he has trained by many greatest scholars since childhood moment-one of them is his father. Ibn Khaldun can also be called as a scientist who never ask and doubted the truth of Islamic law. Understanding that any observations for him, he could not be separated from the Islamic values inherent in him. Through in-depth discussion and critical of his work, will be seen in ethical view of religious that accommodate economic teachings of Islam, and other hand the human family to recognize the nature to endeavor economic activity.</p><p>This type of research is the research library (library research), to describe something. Data collection techniques using qualitative methods as the research procedures to descriptive data. To analyze the data that was gathered using the deductive, using a philosophical approach.</p><p>Historically there is close relationship between ethics and economics, which was originally it was part of the problem of economic ethics. Ibn Khaldun's economic notion explain a multidimensional economic concepts that involving various social aspects in the context of his thinking about the al-al-basyari'amran which describes the rise and fall of a civilization which moral decline influence in it. Ibn Khaldun's economic concept implies an economic system that requires the five components, namely Shari'ah, government , people, property, economic activity and justice, in unity.</p><p>Keywords: Interrelation, ethical, economic systems, Ibn Khaldun</p>
PARADIGMA EKONOMI KELAUTAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (Reinterpretasi Ayat-ayat Kelautan yang Berdimensi Ekonomi)
Authors: Ismatullah Rikmat 
Published: January 2017

<p>The development of Indonesian economic in the future should not merely oriented with land development and ignoring oceanic economic. The greater tendency on the role of oceanic economic in the national development supported to have a great agenda in order to create the policies of oceanic sectors to build the understanding toward Indonesian as a oceanic country. The potencies of Indonesian oceanic can create predominant economic power for this country to face global or international competition. </p><p>The paradigm of oceanic economic on the Islamic Economic context can be done by discriptioning the reinterpretation of oceanic verses in the economic dimension which can’t be seperated from the life of Indonesian country. In this context we found that Islam has possessed a character as the <em>Ilahiyah</em> system (or resourced with divine law from the God) and universal, (it’s relevant to the whole of times, places, and all aspect of human life), integral, balance, equal, and permanent.</p><p>Muslim as the majority of the Indonesian people should became the advanced country in the oceanic sector as they have learned it from Qur’anic verses. Al-Qur’an has emphasized Muslim to manage and serve ocean and its properties as the heavent sent (Bless of God). As a matter of fact, its refer to the support of God toward people that they have to take the greaters benefits and advantages, in order to strengthen their faith and to exploit the natural resources especially in the ocean for the welfare and prosperity of human being.</p>Key Word : Al-Qur’an, Oceanic Economic, Islamic Economic