bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Treatment of Psychiatric Distress, Sexual Dysfunction, Sleep Disturbances, and Pain in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gromisch Elizabeth S. , Schairer Laura C. , Pasternak Eliana , Kim Stella H. , Foley Frederick W. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Psychiatric distress (depression and anxiety), sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and pain are frequent comorbidities in multiple sclerosis (MS) that have the potential to interfere with functioning and quality of life. Often, patients benefit from a combination of medical and psychotherapeutic interventions. However, the literature suggests that many of these issues have been underdiagnosed or undertreated. To better understand current practices, this study aimed to gain a multidisciplinary perspective on how MS providers assess and treat these five problems.
Methods: An online questionnaire was completed by 42 members of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers on their assessment procedures, treatment recommendations, and prevalence rates of these issues in their practices.
Results: More than 80% of participants reported routinely assessing for depression, anxiety, sleep, and pain, but only slightly more than half ask about sexual dysfunction. Most of these health-care providers endorsed using a general question in their assessments and recommending a pharmaceutical intervention.
Conclusions: Health-care providers are aware of the prevalence of these issues in their patients with MS. Promoting the use of validated screening measures and increased research on psychotherapeutic interventions for sleep and pain are two potential avenues for improving patient care.
How Open Access Affects Competition in Scholarly Publishing Markets: A Tale of Good Intentions, Big Deals and Uncertain Outcomes
Authors: McCabe Mark J. 
Published: November 2016

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.Since the 1990s a wave of innovation has transformed media markets, including those involving scientific communication. Expectations that the internet might improve access to the scientific literature while lowering costs to users have only been partially fulfilled. Using a modern economic framework I identify the historical, structural sources of market power in publishing markets and discuss the role that OA can play on a stage populated by publishers, authors, readers, and institutional actors of various types. For example, efforts to “flip” journals from a reader to author pay basis can follow a number of paths. At least one of these paths is efficient, lower cost, and plausible.
A quantitative assessment of methane cycling in Hikurangi Margin sediments (New Zealand) using geophysical imaging and biogeochemical modeling
Authors: Luo Min , Dale Andrew W. , Haffert Laura , Haeckel Matthias , Koch Stephanie , Crutchley Gareth , De Stigter Henko , Chen Duofu , Greinert Jens 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTakahe seep, located on the Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, is characterized by a well‐defined subsurface seismic chimney structure ∼80,500 m2 in area. Subseafloor geophysical data based on acoustic anomaly layers indicated the presence of gas hydrate and free gas layers within the chimney structure. Reaction‐transport modeling was applied to porewater data from 11 gravity cores to constrain methane turnover rates and benthic methane fluxes in the upper 10 m. Model results show that methane dynamics were highly variable due to transport and dissolution of ascending gas. The dissolution of gas (up to 3761 mmol m−2 yr−1) dwarfed the rate of methanogenesis within the simulated sediment column (2.6 mmol m−2 yr−1). Dissolved methane is mainly consumed by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at the base of the sulfate reduction zone and trapped by methane hydrate formation below it, with maximum rates in the central part of the chimney (946 and 2420 mmol m−2 yr−1, respectively). A seep‐wide methane budget was constrained by combining the biogeochemical model results with geophysical data and led to estimates of AOM rates, gas hydrate formation, and benthic dissolved methane fluxes of 3.68 × 104 mol yr−1, 73.85 × 104 mol yr−1, and 1.19 × 104 mol yr−1, respectively. A much larger flux of methane probably escapes in gaseous form through focused bubble vents. The approach of linking geochemical model results with spatial geophysical data put forward here can be applied elsewhere to improve benthic methane turnover rates from limited single spot measurements to larger spatial scales.
A strong phase reversal of the Arctic Oscillation in midwinter 2015/2016: Role of the stratospheric polar vortex and tropospheric blocking
Authors: Cheung Hoffman H. N. , Zhou Wen , Leung Marco Y. T. , Shun C. M. , Lee S. M. , Tong H. W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn January 2016, Asia and North America experienced unusual cold temperatures, although the global average of surface air temperature broke the warmest record during a strong El Niño event. This was closely related to the remarkable phase transition of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), which can be explained by stratosphere‐troposphere interactions. First, the quasi‐biennial oscillation changed to its westerly phase in summer 2015 and the stratospheric polar vortex was stronger in early to midwinter 2015/2016. As blocking did not occur in December, the associated downward propagation signal resulted in a strongly positive AO in late December 2015. Second, after late December, the positive phase of Pacific‐North America pattern became apparent in El Niño event, which strengthened the Aleutian anticyclone in the stratosphere. In addition, an equivalent barotropic (“blocking”) anticyclone was established in the troposphere over Asia. The coexistence of blocking over Asia and North America characterized the negative AO and a strong zonal wave number 2 pattern. Due to stronger zonal wave number 2 signals from the troposphere, the stronger stratospheric polar vortex was elongated, with two cyclonic centers over Asia and the North Atlantic in January. The resultant southward displacement of polar vortices was followed by rare snowfall in the subtropical region of East Asia and a heavy snowstorm on the East Coast of the United States.
Toward understanding the physical link between turbines and microclimate impacts from in situ measurements in a large wind farm
Authors: Rajewski Daniel A. , Takle Eugene S. , Prueger John H. , Doorenbos Russell K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent wind farm studies have revealed elevated nighttime surface temperatures but have not validated physical mechanisms that create the observed effects. We report measurements of concurrent differences in surface wind speed, temperature, fluxes, and turbulence upwind and downwind of two turbine lines at the windward edge of a utility‐scale wind farm. On the basis of these measurements, we offer a conceptual model based on physical mechanisms of how wind farms affect their own microclimate. Periods of documented curtailment and zero‐power production of the wind farm offer useful opportunities to rigorously evaluate the microclimate impact of both stationary and operating turbines. During an 80 min nighttime wind farm curtailment, we measured abrupt and large changes in turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat leeward of the turbines. At night, wind speed decreases in the near wake when turbines are off but abruptly increases when turbine operation is resumed. Our measurements are compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Terra and Aqua satellite measurements reporting wind farms to have higher nighttime surface temperatures. We demonstrate that turbine wakes modify surface fluxes continuously through the night, with similar magnitudes during the Terra and Aqua transit periods. Cooling occurs in the near wake and warming in the far wake when turbines are on, but cooling is negligible when turbines are off. Wind speed and surface stratification have a regulating effect of enhancing or decreasing the impact on surface microclimate due to turbine wake effects.
The influence of local sea surface temperatures on Australian east coast cyclones
Authors: Pepler Acacia S. , Alexander Lisa V. , Evans Jason P. , Sherwood Steven C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCyclones are a major cause of rainfall and extreme weather in the midlatitudes and have a preference for genesis and explosive development in areas where a warm western boundary current borders a continental landmass. While there is a growing body of work on how extratropical cyclones are influenced by the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Current in the Northern Hemisphere, there is little understanding of similar regions in the Southern Hemisphere including the Australian east coast, where cyclones that develop close to the coast are the main cause of severe weather and coastal flooding. This paper quantifies the impact of east Australian sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on local cyclone activity and behavior, using three different sets of sea surface temperature boundary conditions during the period 2007–2008 in an ensemble of Weather Research and Forecasting Model physics parameterizations. Coastal sea surface temperatures are demonstrated to have a significant impact on the overall frequency of cyclones in this region, with warmer SSTs acting as a trigger for the intensification of weak or moderate cyclones, particularly those of a subtropical nature. However, sea surface temperatures play only a minor role in the most intense cyclones, which are dominated by atmospheric conditions.
A clear‐sky radiation closure study using a one‐dimensional radiative transfer model and collocated satellite‐surface‐reanalysis data sets
Authors: Dolinar Erica K. , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Jiang Jonathan H. , Loeb Norman G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEarth's climate is largely determined by the planet's energy budget, i.e., the balance of incoming and outgoing radiation at the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA). Studies have shown that computing clear‐sky radiative fluxes are strongly dependent on atmospheric state variables, such as temperature and water vapor profiles, while the all‐sky fluxes are greatly influenced by the presence of clouds. NASA‐modeled vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor are used to derive the surface radiation budget from Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES), which is regarded as one of the primary sources for evaluating climate change in climate models. In this study, we evaluate the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA‐2) reanalyzed clear‐sky temperature and water vapor profiles with newly generated atmospheric profiles from Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)‐merged soundings and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder retrievals at three ARM sites. The temperature profiles are well replicated in MERRA‐2 at all three sites, whereas tropospheric water vapor is slightly dry below ~700 hPa. These profiles are then used to calculate clear‐sky surface and TOA radiative fluxes from the Langley‐modified Fu‐Liou radiative transfer model (RTM). In order to achieve radiative closure at both the surface and TOA, the ARM‐measured surface albedos and aerosol optical depths are adjusted to account for surface inhomogeneity. In general, most of the averaged RTM‐calculated surface downward and TOA upward shortwave and longwave fluxes agree within ~5 W/m2 of the observations, which is within the uncertainties of the ARM and CERES measurements. Yet still, further efforts are required to reduce the bias in calculated fluxes in coastal regions.
Timing of the faulting on the Wispy Terrain of Dione based on stratigraphic relationships with impact craters
Authors: Hirata Naoyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe trailing hemisphere of Dione is characterized by the Wispy Terrain, where it exhibits a hemispheric‐scale network of extensional tectonic faults superposed on the moon's cratered surface. The faults likely reflect past endogenic activity and Dione's interior thermal history. Although fresh exposures of pristine scarps indicate that the timing of the faulting is relatively recent, the absolute age of the faulting remains uncertain. To estimate the timing of the faulting, we investigated stratigraphic relationships between impact craters and faults. Using high‐resolution images obtained by the ISS camera onboard the Cassini spacecraft, we investigated craters with diameters exceeding or equal to 10 km that coincide spatially with the faults and classified the craters as crosscut craters or superposed craters. As a result, at least 82% of the craters were interpreted as clear examples of crosscut craters and 12% of the craters were interpreted to be candidates of superposed craters, although stratigraphic relationships are often ambiguous. The paucity of superposed craters and a predicted cratering rate indicate that the faulting of the Wispy Terrain is 0.30–0.79 Ga. If 12–18% of the craters are assumed to be superposed, the timing of the faulting could be in the range 0.30–0.79 Ga. However, it is possible that the faulting of the Wispy Terrain is still ongoing.
Nickel‐Catalyzed C(Aryl)−O Bond Activation/Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Carbazoles with Methyl Grignard: Synthesis of Ellipticine
Authors: Rasheed Sk. , Rao Desaboini Nageswar , Das Parthasarathi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction between methoxy‐substituted carbazoles and MeMgBr has been developed. This protocol for the cleavage of the C(aryl)−OMe was used to efficiently assemble various methyl‐substituted carbazoles and successfully applied to the total synthesis of the antitumor agent ellipticine.
Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic sp3 C−H Bonds through Cooperative Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis of N‐Hydroxyimide and Dicyanopyrazine
Authors: Liu Xinfei , Lin Lu , Ye Xinyi , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA visible‐light‐driven cooperative catalysis between dicyanopyrazine‐derived chromophore (DPZ) and N‐hydroxyimide has been developed. Under irradiation with a low‐energy and operationally convenient visible light, the cooperative catalytic system could facilitate the aerobic oxygenation of a series of benzylic sp3 C−H bonds through a photoredox pathway. The method provides a novel approach to access valuable carbonyls from benzylic methylenes and benzylic alcohols in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93 %).
Total Synthesis of Lingzhiol and its Analogues through the Wittig Reaction of an Oxocyclopentane Carboxylate
Authors: Rengarasu Rathikrishnan , Maier Martin E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe biosynthesis of polycyclic natural product lingzhiol (1) through an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of an aryl‐substituted cyclopentane epoxide (22) was attempted. The synthesis of this endocyclic epoxide involved the alkylation of cyclopentane carboxylate 14 with alkyl iodide 25 to afford ketoester 26. Subsequent Wittig olefination led to exocyclic alkene exo‐15 in good yield. Epoxidation, opening of the epoxide to generate allyl alcohol 29, and a second epoxidation reaction afforded compounds 22 and 31. However, presumably owing to stereoelectronic effects, the cyclization of these substrates into polycycles 17 and 32, respectively, was unsuccessful. Nevertheless, the Wittig reaction to afford exo‐15 allowed us to converge with the previously reported route of Qin et al., which featured the cyclization of spiro epoxide 16. Thus, lingzhiol is now available in only nine steps. Various analogues of lingzhiol were also prepared, including desoxy derivative 37, quinone 38, mono‐methoxy‐deoxy derivative 39, and ketone 40.
Computed tomography–based quantification of lesion water uptake identifies patients within 4.5 hours of stroke onset: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Minnerup Jens , Broocks Gabriel , Kalkoffen Judith , Langner Soenke , Knauth Michael , Psychogios Marios Nikos , Wersching Heike , Teuber Anja , Heindel Walter , Eckert Bernd , Wiendl Heinz , Schramm Peter , Fiehler Jens , Kemmling André 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveMany patients with stroke cannot receive intravenous thrombolysis because the time of symptom onset is unknown. We tested whether computed tomography (CT)‐based quantification of water uptake in the ischemic tissue can identify patients with stroke onset within 4.5 hours, the time window of thrombolysis.MethodsPerfusion CT was used to identify ischemic brain tissue, and its density was measured in native CT and related to the density of the corresponding area of the contralateral hemisphere to quantify lesion water uptake. The optimal cutoff value of water uptake distinguishing stroke onset within and beyond 4.5 hours was calculated in patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion (derivation cohort) with known time of symptom onset. The so‐derived cutoff value was validated in a prospective cohort from other stroke centers.ResultsOf 178 patients of the derivation cohort, 147 (82.6%) had CT within 4.5 hours. Percentage water uptake was significantly lower in patients with stroke onset within compared to beyond 4.5 hours. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing these patient groups according to percentage water uptake was 0.999 (95% confidence interval = 0.996–1.000, p < 0.001) with an optimal cutoff value of 11.5%. Applying this cutoff to the validation cohort of 240 patients, sensitivity was 98.6%, specificity 90.5%, positive predictive value 99.1%, and negative predictive value 86.4%.InterpretationQuantification of brain water uptake identifies stroke patients with symptom onset within 4.5 hours with high accuracy and may guide the decision to use thrombolysis in patients with unknown time of stroke onset. Ann Neurol 2016;80:924–934
Redox‐Flow‐Batterien: von metallbasierten zu organischen Aktivmaterialien
Authors: Winsberg Jan , Hagemann Tino , Janoschka Tobias , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Redox‐Flow‐Batterie (RFB) erlebt momentan einen signifikanten Aufschwung, der durch den wachsenden Bedarf angetrieben wird, immer größere Elektrizitätsmengen aus erneuerbaren Quellen zwischenzuspeichern. RFBs sind vielversprechende Kandidaten, um in Kombination mit Photovoltaik‐ und Windkraftanlagen sogenannte “Smart Grids” (d. h. intelligente Stromnetze) aufzubauen. Um das Ziel eines “grünen”, sicheren und kostengünstigen Energiespeichers zu erreichen, wurde in den vergangen Jahren der Fokus von metallbasierten Materialien mehr und mehr auf organische Aktivmaterialien verlagert. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine Übersicht über verschiedene Flow‐Batterie‐Systeme gegeben. Dafür werden relevante Beiträge über die Geschichte dieser Systeme diskutiert und die Entwicklung innerhalb der letzten Jahre von klassischen, anorganischen über organisch/anorganische hin zu Redox‐Flow‐Batterien, welche innerhalb des Katholyten und Anolyten redoxaktive organische Materialien nutzen, aufgezeigt. Wir analysieren die verfügbaren Technologien in Bezug auf deren technische, ökonomische und umweltbezogene Aspekte und diskutieren Vorteile und Beschränkungen dieser Systeme. Zum Abschluss werden weitere technologische Herausforderungen und potenzielle Forschungsmöglichkeiten erörtert.
Zuckerseitige Wechselwirkungen in einem DNA‐RNA‐G‐Quadruplex: Hinweise auf sequentielle C−H⋅⋅⋅O‐Wasserstoffbrücken als Beitrag zur RNA‐Quadruplex‐Faltung
Authors: Dickerhoff Jonathan , Appel Bettina , Müller Sabine , Weisz Klaus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDNA‐G‐Quadruplexe wurden systematisch an anti‐dG‐Positionen mit einzelnen Riboguanosin‐Bausteinen (rG) modifiziert. Zirkulardichroismus‐ und NMR‐Experimente bestätigen den Erhalt der nativen Quadruplex‐Topologie für den Großteil der DNA‐RNA‐Hybridstrukturen. Veränderungen in der C8‐chemischen Verschiebung von Guanosinen an der 3′‐Seite einer rG‐Substitution im Quadruplex‐Kern legen C8‐H⋅⋅⋅O‐Wasserstoffbrücken mit dem O2′ des C2′‐endo‐Ribonukleotids nahe. Eine geometrische Analyse bekannter, hochaufgelöster Strukturen deutet darauf hin, dass entsprechende Wechselwirkungen ein allgemeineres Merkmal in RNA‐Quadruplexen sind und möglicherweise zur beobachteten Präferenz für parallele Topologien beitragen.
Der Einsatz von N‐heterocyclischen Vinylliganden zur Isolierung stabiler Divinylgermylene und eines Germylium‐Kations
Authors: Hering‐Junghans Christian , Andreiuk Patricia , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Rivard Eric 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEs werden zwei effiziente Methoden präsentiert, um σ‐ und π‐Elektronen‐donierende N‐heterocyclische Vinylgruppen an Hauptgruppenelementen (E) zu installieren: Halogensilan‐Eliminierung und baseninduzierte E‐C Bindungsbildung. Die Platzierung von zwei NHC=CH−‐Liganden (NHC=N‐heterocyclisches Carben) an einem GeII‐Zentrum resultiert in einem zweifach koordinierten Germylen, einem schweren Kongener der flüchtigen Divinylcarbene. Die Fähigkeit dieses vinylischen Ligandengerüstes, als π‐Donor hochreaktive Spezies zu stabilisieren wurde des Weiteren durch die Synthese eines dreifach koordinierten Germylium‐Kations R3Ge+ gezeigt.
A Million Turnover Molecular Anode for Catalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Creus Jordi , Matheu Roc , Peñafiel Itziar , Moonshiram Dooshaye , Blondeau Pascal , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , García‐Antón Jordi , Sala Xavier , Godard Cyril , Llobet Antoni 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMolecular ruthenium‐based water oxidation catalyst precursors of general formula [Ru(tda)(Li)2] (tda2− is [2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine]‐6,6′′‐dicarboxylato; L1=4‐(pyren‐1‐yl)‐N‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)butanamide, 1 b; L2=4‐(pyren‐1‐yl)pyridine), 1 c), have been prepared and thoroughly characterized. Both complexes contain a pyrene group allowing ready and efficiently anchoring via π interactions on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). These hybrid solid state materials are exceptionally stable molecular water‐oxidation anodes capable of carrying out more than a million turnover numbers (TNs) at pH 7 with an Eapp=1.45 V vs. NHE without any sign of degradation. XAS spectroscopy analysis before, during, and after catalysis together with electrochemical techniques allow their unprecedented oxidative ruggedness to be monitored and verified.
Redox‐Flow Batteries: From Metals to Organic Redox‐Active Materials
Authors: Winsberg Jan , Hagemann Tino , Janoschka Tobias , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResearch on redox‐flow batteries (RFBs) is currently experiencing a significant upturn, stimulated by the growing need to store increasing quantities of sustainably generated electrical energy. RFBs are promising candidates for the creation of smart grids, particularly when combined with photovoltaics and wind farms. To achieve the goal of “green”, safe, and cost‐efficient energy storage, research has shifted from metal‐based materials to organic active materials in recent years. This Review presents an overview of various flow‐battery systems. Relevant studies concerning their history are discussed as well as their development over the last few years from the classical inorganic, to organic/inorganic, to RFBs with organic redox‐active cathode and anode materials. Available technologies are analyzed in terms of their technical, economic, and environmental aspects; the advantages and limitations of these systems are also discussed. Further technological challenges and prospective research possibilities are highlighted.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Alkoxy–Alkyl Interconversion with Alkylborane Reagents through C−O Bond Activation of Aryl and Enol Ethers
Authors: Guo Lin , Liu Xiangqian , Baumann Christoph , Rueping Magnus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed alkylation of polycyclic aromatic methyl ethers as well as methyl enol ethers with B‐alkyl 9‐BBN and trialkylborane reagents that involves the cleavage of stable C(sp2)−OMe bonds is described. The transformation has a wide substrate scope and good chemoselectivity profile while proceeding under mild reaction conditions; it provides a versatile way to form C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds that does not suffer from β‐hydride elimination. Furthermore, a selective and sequential alkylation process by cleavage of inert C−O bonds is presented to demonstrate the advantage of this method.