bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study comparing histological and immunophenotypic patterns in stage 4 skin graft vs host disease from toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Naik Haley , Lockwood Stephen , Saavedra Arturo 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundStage 4 skin graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Clinical and histologic similarities with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) make it difficult to distinguish between these 2 life‐threatening conditions.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted from a tertiary referral center. Skin biopsies were obtained from 11 patients who developed stage 4 skin GVHD and 11 patients who developed TEN between 2005 and 2012. The CD8+/CD4+ T lymphocyte ratios were assessed in lesional skin specimens.ResultsAverage CD8+and CD4+ cell counts co‐expressing CD3 were 126.29 (range 86.42‐173.06) and 84.60 (29.87‐197.20) for stage 4 skin GVHD patients, and 61.97 (45.79‐146.67) and 7.65 (0.00‐39.50) for TEN patients, respectively. Immunohistochemical studies of stage 4 skin GVHD and TEN skin demonstrated average CD8+/CD4+ ratios of 1.78 (range 0.69‐3.09) and 7.33 (1.16‐12.3), respectively (P = .013).ConclusionsStage 4 skin GVHD and TEN are processes with cytotoxic profiles. TEN is notable for a greater relative depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes compared with stage 4 skin GVHD, while stage 4 skin GVHD tends to be more inflammatory than TEN. These data suggest an immunohistologic method by which these 2 entities may be distinguished.
Markedly increased incidence of critical illness in adults with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Marrie R. A. , Sellers E. A. C. , Chen H. , Fransoo R. , Bernstein C. N. , Hitchon C. A. , Peschken C. A. , Garland A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsTo compare the incidence of and mortality after intensive care unit admission in adults with paediatric‐onset Type 1 diabetes vs the general population.MethodsUsing population‐based administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, we identified 814 cases of paediatric‐onset Type 1 diabetes, and 3579 general population controls matched on age, sex and region of residence. We estimated the incidence of intensive care unit admission in adulthood, and compared the findings between populations using incidence rate ratios and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity and socio‐economic status. We estimated age‐ and sex‐standardized mortality rates after intensive care unit admission.ResultsBetween January 2000 and October 2009, the average annual incidence of intensive care unit admission among prevalent cohorts was 910 per 100 000 in the Type 1 diabetes population, and 106 per 100 000 in matched controls, an eightfold increased risk (incidence rate ratio 8.6; 95% CI 5.5, 14.0). The adjusted risk of intensive care unit admission was elevated to a greater extent among women with Type 1 diabetes compared with matched women (hazard ratio 14.7; 95% CI 7.2, 29.4) than among men with Type 1 diabetes compared with matched men (hazard ratio 4.92; 95% CI 10.3, 2.36) The most common reasons for admission in the diabetes cohort were diabetic ketoacidosis, infection and ischaemic heart disease. At 30%, 5‐year mortality was higher in the diabetes cohort than in the matched cohort (relative risk 5.7; 95% CI 1.2, 8.9).ConclusionsCompared with the general population, the risk of intensive care unit admission was higher in adults with paediatric‐onset Type 1 diabetes, and mortality after admission was also higher.
Racial and ethnic differences among children with new‐onset autoimmune Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gandhi K. , Tosur M. , Schaub R. , Haymond M. W. , Redondo M. J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo compare demographic and clinical characteristics among children from ethnic minorities and non‐Hispanic white children with new‐onset autoimmune Type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe analysed a single‐centre series of 712 children with new‐onset autoimmune Type 1 diabetes between January 2008 and March 2011. The median (range) age was 9.7 (0.3–18.1) years, the mean (sd) BMI percentile was 69.7 (25.4) and 48.3% of the cohort were girls. The cohort comprised 57.3% non‐Hispanic white, 20.5% Hispanic and 14.8% African‐American children, and 7.4% were of other, mixed or unknown race.ResultsThe Hispanic subgroup, compared with non‐Hispanic white subgroup, had a higher mean (sd) C‐peptide level [0.82 (1.62) vs 0.55 (0.47) ng/ml; P=0.004), and a greater proportion of children with elevated BMI (overweight or obesity; 49.6% vs 32.5%; P<0.001) and diabetic ketoacidosis (51.8% vs 38.2%; P=0.006). The African‐American group had a higher mean (sd) glucose level [24.4 (12.8) vs 21.4 (10.7) mmol/l; P=0.017], a greater proportion of children with ketoacidosis (56.7% vs 38.2%; P=0.001), a greater proportion with elevated BMI (52.9% vs 32.5%; P<0.001), and a lower proportion of children at pre‐pubertal stage (49.0% vs 61.6%; P=0.01), and tended to have higher C‐peptide levels [0.65 (0.59) vs 0.55 [0.47] ng/ml; P=0.079) compared with the non‐Hispanic white children. The differences in C‐peptide levels compared with non‐Hispanic white children persisted for Hispanic (P=0.01) but not African‐American children (P=0.29) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, ketoacidosis, glucose, Tanner stage and autoantibody number.ConclusionAt the onset of paediatric autoimmune Type 1 diabetes, Hispanic, but not African‐American children had higher C‐peptide levels, after adjustment for potential confounders, compared with non‐Hispanic white children. These findings suggest that ethnicity may contribute to the heterogeneity of Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, with possible implications for intervention.
Observations of responses to re‐introducing fire in a Basalt Plains grassland after the removal of grazing: Implications for restoration
Authors: Bryant David , Bruce Matthew J. , Sinclair Steve J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryNatural grasslands in southern Australia commonly exist in altered states. One widespread altered state is grassland pasture dominated by cool‐season (C3) native grasses maintained by ongoing grazing. This study explores the consequences of removing grazing and introducing fire as a conservation management tool for such a site. We examined the abundance of two native and three exotic species, across a mosaic of fire regimes that occurred over a three‐year period: unburnt, summer wild‐fire (>2 years previous), autumn management fire (<1 year previously) and burnt in both fires. Given that one aim of conservation management is to increase native species at the expense of exotics, the impacts of the fires were largely positive. Native grasses were at higher cover levels in the fire‐managed vegetation than in the unburnt vegetation. Of the three exotic species, one was consistently at lower density in the burnt plots compared to the unburnt plots, while the others were lower only in those plots burnt in summer. The results show that the response of a species varies significantly between different fire events, and that the effects of one fire can persist through subsequent fires. Importantly, some of the effects were large, with changes in the density of plants of over 100‐fold. Fire is potentially a cost‐effective tool to assist the ecological restoration of retired grassland pastures at large scales.
An approximation in closed form for the integral of Oore–Burns for cracks similar to a star domain
Authors: Livieri P. , Segala F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we give an explicit new formulation for the three‐dimensional mode I weight function of Oore–Burns in the case where the crack border agrees with a star domain. Analysis in the complex field allows us to establish the asymptotic behaviour of the Riemann sums of the Oore–Burns integral in terms of the Fourier expansion of the crack border. The new approach gives remarkable accuracy in the computation of the Oore–Burns integral with the advantage of reducing the size of the mesh.Furthermore, the asymptotic behaviour of the stress intensity factor at the tip of an elliptical crack subjected to uniform tensile stress is carefully evaluated. The obtained analytical equation shows that the error of the Oore–Burns integral tends to zero when the ratio between the ellipse axes tends to zero as further confirmation of its goodness of fit.
Interannual variability in the abundance and composition of spring larval fish assemblages in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) from 2007 to 2010
Authors: Guan Lu , Dower John F. , McKinnell Skip M. , Pepin Pierre , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Hunt Brian P. V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpring larval fish assemblages in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) were characterized for the first time based on three spatially extensive field surveys in late‐April of 2007, 2009 and 2010, a period which spanned both warm and cold environmental conditions. The abundance, diversity and community structure of the assemblages were examined to investigate interannual variability, and responses to environmental fluctuations. A total of 49 taxa from 23 families were identified. The dominant taxa were Clupea pallasi, Gadus chalcogrammus, Merluccius productus, Leuroglossus schmidti, Lyopsetta exilis and Sebastes spp. Total larval abundance was much lower in 2009 (c. 32 per 1000 m3) than in 2007 and 2010 (c. 200 per 1000 m3). However, the mean size of individuals from several species was largest in 2009. Assemblage structure varied dramatically; from dominance by M. productus in 2007, to dominance by C. pallasi and G. chalcogrammus in 2009, followed by a shift to dominance by benthic species including Sebastes spp. and several flatfishes in 2010. Variability in assemblage structure among the three study years was primarily related to water temperature, whereas within‐year patterns were more closely associated with salinity and chlorophyll, both of which were affected by estuarine circulation. This study provides baseline information about the status of the larval fish community in the Strait of Georgia in recent years, and offers a better understanding of their short‐term dynamics and response to environmental fluctuations.
Does upwelling intensity determine larval fish habitats in upwelling ecosystems? The case of Senegal and Mauritania
Authors: Tiedemann Maik , Fock Heino O. , Brehmer Patrice , Döring Julian , Möllmann Christian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEuropean sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) comprise two‐thirds of total landings of small pelagic fishes in the Canary Current Eastern Boundary Ecosystem (CCEBE). Their spawning habitat is the continental shelf where upwelling is responsible for high productivity. While upwelling intensity is predicted to change through ocean warming, the effects of upwelling intensity on larval fish habitat expansion is not well understood. Larval habitat characteristics of both species were investigated during different upwelling intensity regimes. Three surveys were carried out to sample fish larvae during cold (permanent upwelling) and warm (low upwelling) seasons along the southern coastal upwelling area of the CCEBE (13°–22.5°N). Sardina pilchardus larvae were observed in areas of strong upwelling during both seasons. Larval habitat expansion was restricted from 22.5°N to 17.5°N during cold seasons and to 22.5°N during the warm season. Sardinella aurita larvae were observed from 13°N to 15°N during cold seasons and 16–21°N in the warm season under low upwelling conditions. Generalized additive models predicted upwelling intensity driven larval fish abundance patterns. Observations and modeling revealed species‐specific spawning times and locations, that resulted in a niche partitioning allowing species' co‐existence. Alterations in upwelling intensity may have drastic effects on the spawning behavior, larval survival, and probably recruitment success of a species. The results enable insights into the spawning behavior of major small pelagic fish species in the CCEBE. Understanding biological responses to physical variability are essential in managing marine resources under changing climate conditions.
Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri as a silage inoculant and as a probiotic on feed intake, apparent digestibility and ruminal fermentation and microbiology in wethers fed low‐dry‐matter whole‐crop maize silage
Authors: Rabelo C. H. S. , Basso F. C. , Lara E. C. , Jorge L. G. O. , Härter C. J. , Mesquita L. G. , Silva L. F. P. , Reis R. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLactobacillus buchneri was investigated as a silage inoculant and as a probiotic on feed intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal fermentation and microbiology in wethers fed low‐dry‐matter (DM) whole‐crop maize silage. Maize forage (279 g/kg DM) was ensiled without inoculant (untreated) and with L. buchneri CNCM I‐4323 at 1 × 105 cfu/g fresh forage (inoculated). Six cannulated wethers were arranged in a double 3 × 3 Latin square and assigned to one of three diets: (i) untreated maize silage (untreated), (ii) inoculated maize silage (inoculated), and (iii) untreated maize silage with a daily dose of L. buchneri (1 × 107 cfu/g supplied silage) injected directly into the rumen (LB‐probiotic). Wethers fed the inoculated diet had a higher (p = .050) DM intake (1.30% body weight [BW]) than wethers fed untreated and LB‐probiotic diets (1.17% and 1.18% BW respectively). The relative proportion of Ruminococcus flavefaciens (proportion of total estimated rumen bacterial 16S rDNA) in the rumen of wethers fed inoculated and LB‐probiotic diets (both 0.42%) tended (p = .098) to be lower than in the untreated diet (0.83%). Lactobacillus buchneri as a silage inoculant or as a probiotic had little effect on the variables measured in wethers.
Effects of a community disability prevention program for frail older adults at 48‐month follow up
Authors: Makizako Hyuma , Shimada Hiroyuki , Doi Takehiko , Tsutumimoto Kota , Yoshida Daisuke , Suzuki Takao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThe present prospective study was carried out to determine whether participation in community‐based intervention studies exerted a positive impact on disability prevention in older adults with physical frailty.MethodsA total of 514 community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) with physical frailty who had undergone baseline assessment and participated in community‐based intervention studies (participants) or did not (non‐participants) were included in the present study. Non‐participants were selected through propensity score matching, to balance potential covariates at baseline. Disability incidence was followed up at 48 months as a main outcome. Demographic data (age, sex and medical history), global cognitive function, grip strength, walking speed, and blood test results including serum albumin and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor at baseline were included as covariates.ResultsDisability incidence rates differed significantly between participants (11.3%) and non‐participants (19.8%) of community‐based intervention studies during the 48‐month follow‐up period (P = 0.007). Participation in community‐based intervention studies (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.88) was significantly associated with the incidence of disability in older adults with physical frailty.ConclusionsParticipation in community‐based intervention studies could reduce the incidence of disability in older adults with physical frailty. Thus, strategies designed to increase the number of participants in community‐based intervention programs should be considered in community‐based approaches for the prevention of disability in older adults with physical frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2347–2353.
Deciding about nursing home care in dementia: A conjoint analysis of how older people balance competing goals
Authors: Fahey Alison , Ní Chaoimh Dearbhail , Mulkerrin Grainne R. , Mulkerrin Eamon C. , O'Keeffe Shaun T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAim“Don't put me in a home” is a common preference of older people, but so too is “I don't want to be a burden on my family.” These and other goals often conflict with each other when people have worsening dementia and the issue of possible nursing home admission arises.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling older hospital patients were asked to imagine that they lived alone, had dementia and were experiencing increasing practical difficulties, and were presented with 11 possible “outcome packages.” Conjoint analysis was used to investigate how participants ranked possible outcomes and traded‐off between these factors: place of residence (home or nursing home), burden on their family, risk of harm and duration of life.ResultsOf 122 potential participants, 102 inpatients aged 65–80 years completed the study. Of these participants, 46 (46%) patients give the greatest weight to reducing the burden on their family, 39 (39%) to remaining at home, 11 (11%) to minimizing the risk of harm and five (5%) to maximizing the length of life. There were no significant clinical or demographic differences between these groups. There was a strong negative correlation (Spearman's rho −0.59, P < 0.0001) between importance scores for place of residence and for burden on family.ConclusionsThere are important differences in how individual older people would balance the competing priorities of reducing the burden on their family and remaining at home in the event of developing dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2435–2440.
Successful living donor liver retransplantation for graft failure within 7 days due to acute de novo donor‐specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibody‐mediated rejection
Authors: Yamada Yohei , Hoshino Ken , Mori Teisaburo , Kawaida Miho , Abe Kiyotomo , Ishihama Hideo , Shimizu Takahiro , Takahashi Nobuhiro , Matsubara Kentaro , Hibi Taizo , Abe Yuta , Yagi Hiroshi , Shimojima Naoki , Shinoda Masahiro , Kitago Minoru , Obara Hideaki , Fuchimoto Yasushi , Kameyama Kaori , Kitagawa Yuko , Kuroda Tatsuo 
Published: June 2017

Growing evidence suggests a relationship between antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) and early graft failure due to a previously unknown etiology in liver transplantation (LTx). We herein report a 3‐year‐old boy who developed rapid graft failure due to de novo donor‐specific antibody (DSA)‐driven AMR a week after living donor LTx, requiring a second transplant on the 10th day after the first LTx. The pathology of the first graft showed massive necrosis in zone 3 along with positive C4d and inflammatory cell infiltrates in portal areas. The mean fluorescence intensity against human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR15, which was possessed by both the first and the second donor, peaked at 12 945 on the day before the second LTx. Antithymocyte globulin, plasma exchange along with i.v. immunoglobulin, rituximab, and the local infusion of prostaglandin E1, steroids, and Mesilate gabexate through a portal catheter were provided to save the second graft. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show a clear association between de novo DSA and acute AMR within 7 days of a LTx. Furthermore, we successfully rescued the recipient with a second graft despite possessing the same targeted HLA. The rapid decision to carry out retransplantation and specific strategies overcoming AMR were crucial to achieving success in this case of immunologically high‐risk LTx.
Insulin resistance increases the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Seko Yuya , Sumida Yoshio , Tanaka Saiyu , Mori Kojiroh , Taketani Hiroyoshi , Ishiba Hiroshi , Hara Tasuku , Okajima Akira , Umemura Atsushi , Nishikawa Taichiro , Yamaguchi Kanji , Moriguchi Michihisa , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Yasui Kohichiroh , Imai Shunsuke , Shimada Keiji , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: June 2017

AimType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major complication of patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the risk factors for development of T2DM in patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD.MethodsOne hundred and sixty two consecutive patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD who received a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test were enrolled as the total cohort. Among them, we analyzed 89 patients without T2DM diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test to estimate the cumulative rate for development of T2DM as the follow‐up cohort.ResultsOf 162 patients, the glucose tolerance pattern were DM in 45 patients (27.8%), impaired glucose tolerance in 68 (42.0%), and normal glucose tolerance in 49 (30.2%). Patients with NAFL tended to be more likely to have normal glucose tolerance than those with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The serum levels of pre‐ and post‐load insulin were significantly higher in the NASH group. Of 89 patients without T2DM, 13 patients newly developed T2DM during a follow‐up period of 5.2 years. The cumulative rate of T2DM incidence was 8.8% at the end of the 5th year and 23.4% at the end of the 10th year. Multivariate analysis identified homeostasis model of assessment – insulin resistance (≥3.85, hazard ratio 40.1, P = 0.033) as an independent risk factor for development of T2DM.ConclusionsPatients with NASH have an underlying potential of glucose intolerance. In NAFLD patients, insulin resistance is the most important risk factor for the incidence of T2DM. Appropriate therapy against insulin resistance could be needed for patients with NAFLD to prevent development of T2DM.
Steviol glycosides are not altered during commercial extraction and purification processes
Authors: Oehme Anne , Wüst Matthias , Wölwer‐Rieck Ursula 
Published: June 2017

SummarySteviol glycosides, sweet diterpenes extracted from the shrub Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, are approved as sweeteners in many countries throughout the world. Former heat and pH‐investigations of these glycosides have established their stability. However, due to the complex purification process, the natural authenticity has still been discussed and challenged, recently. Thus, the objective of this work was to show that the steviol glycosides are not chemically modified during the commercial extraction and purification process. Therefore, samples of three independent commercial‐scale extraction and purification batches of steviol glycosides, each batch containing a sample of the untreated stevia leaves, the first water extract and the high‐purity end product, were analysed using HPLC‐UV and HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The results show that the commercial powders of extracted steviol glycosides with an estimated purity of more than or equal to 95% contain the same steviol glycosides as the dried stevia leaves and their hot water infusions, demonstrating that steviol glycosides are not affected by the purification process.