bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stable Graphitic, Nanocarbon‐Encapsulated, Cobalt‐Rich Core–Shell Electrocatalyst as an Oxygen Electrode in a Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Sivanantham Arumugam , Ganesan Pandian , Estevez Luis , McGrail B. Peter , Motkuri Radha Kishan , Shanmugam Sangaraju 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe oxygen electrode plays a vital role in the successful commercialization of renewable energy technologies, such as fuel cells and water electrolyzers. In this study, the Prussian blue analogue‐derived nitrogen‐doped nanocarbon (NC) layer‐trapped, cobalt‐rich, core–shell nanostructured electrocatalysts (core–shell Co@NC) are reported. The electrode exhibits an improved oxygen evolution activity and stability compared to that of the commercial noble electrodes. The core–shell Co@NC‐loaded nickel foam exhibits a lower overpotential of 330 mV than that of IrO2 on nickel foam at 10 mA cm−2 and has a durability of over 400 h. The commercial Pt/C cathode‐assisted, core–shell Co@NC–anode water electrolyzer delivers 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V, which is 70 mV lower than that of the IrO2–anode water electrolyzer. Over the long‐term chronopotentiometry durability testing, the IrO2–anode water electrolyzer shows a cell voltage loss of 230 mV (14%) at 95 h, but the loss of the core–shell Co@NC–anode electrolyzer is only 60 mV (4%) even after 350 h cell‐operation. The findings indicate that the Prussian blue analogue is a class of inorganic nanoporous materials that can be used to derive metal‐rich, core–shell electrocatalysts with enriched active centers.
Dicationic E4 Chains (E=P, As, Sb, Bi) Embedded in the Coordination Sphere of Transition Metals
Authors: Dütsch Luis , Fleischmann Martin , Welsch Stefan , Balázs Gábor , Kremer Werner , Scheer Manfred 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe oxidation chemistry of the complexes [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:η2‐E2)] (E=P (A), As (B), Sb (C), Bi (D)) is compared. The oxidation of A–D with [Thia]+ (=[C12H8S2]+) results in the selective formation of the dicationic E4 complexes [{CpMo(CO)2}4(μ4,η2:η2:η2:η2‐E4)]2+ (E=P (1), As (2), Sb (3), Bi (4)), stabilized by four [CpMo(CO)2] fragments. The formation of the corresponding monocations [A]+, [C]+, and [D]+ could not be detected by cyclic voltammetry, EPR, or NMR spectroscopy. This finding suggests that dimerization is fast and that there is no dissociation in solution, which was also predicted by DFT calculations. However, EPR measurements of 2 confirmed the presence of small amounts of the radical cation [B]+ in solution. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that the products 1 and 2 feature a zigzag E4 chain in the solid state while 3 and 4 bear a central E4 cage with a distorted “butterfly‐like” geometry. Additionally, 1 can be easily and reversibly converted into a symmetric and an unsymmetric form.
Templating polyacrylamide hydrogel for interconnected microstructure and improved performance
Authors: Bassil Maria , El Haj Moussa Georges , El Tahchi Mario 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, the pressure and temperature are monitored during acrylamide polymerization and their effects on the mechanical properties and swelling of the resulting hydrogel are investigated. The polymerization kinetic and network formation mechanism are correlated to the environmental thermodynamic conditions under which the hydrogels are polymerized. Then, the swelling and Young's modulus are measured and shown to be tunable along a wide range of values. The swelling ratio varies between 50 and 2262 while Young's modulus varies between 10.99 and 40.70 kPa. In addition, the formation of macroporous hydrogel with channel like structures along the vacuum direction under a reduced pressure of 5 mbar is reported. The macroporous hydrogel has a modulus of 40.70 kPa and shrink approximatively three times faster than the hydrogel polymerized under normal pressure and has a modulus of 10.99 kPa. Hence, this interconnected network can overcome the fluid diffusion limitations of bulk hydrogels without compromising the mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46205.
Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers in acute stroke patients
Authors: Wang Qiongzhang , Zhu Zhuoying , Liu Yuntao , Tu Xinjie , He Jincai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionLow serum vitamin D levels are associated with the development of poststroke depression (PSD). Inflammatory markers play an important role in pathophysiology of PSD. The relationship between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers has been discussed in nonstroke individuals. The purposes of this study were to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers in acute stroke patients and examine the effect of vitamin D and inflammatory markers on PSD.MethodsA total of 152 acute stroke patients were recruited. Serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and inflammatory markers were measured by standardized laboratory methods. Depression symptoms were assessed with the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD‐17). Patients with theHAMD‐17 scores ≥7 were identified to have depression symptoms.ResultsSerum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with serum levels of interleukin‐6 and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = −.244,p = .002;r = −.231,p = .004). Multiple regression analysis showed that interleukin‐6 and hsCRP levels were associated with vitamin D levels (B = −0.355,p = .003;B = −2.085,p = .006), whereas age, height, weight, leukocyte count, neutrophil ratio, and lymphocyte rate could be omitted without changing the results. In multivariate analyses, the serum levels of vitamin D and interleukin‐6 were associated with the development of PSD after adjusted possible variables (OR = 0.976, 95%CI: 0.958–0.994,p = .009;OR = 1.029, 95%CI: 1.003–1.055,p = .027).ConclusionsSerum vitamin D levels are inversely associated with the levels of interleukin‐6 and hsCRP, suggesting a potential anti‐inflammatory role for vitamin D in stroke individuals.
Poststroke emotional disturbances and a tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene polymorphism
Authors: Ko Mihye , Choi‐Kwon Smi , Jun Sang‐Eun , Kim Ju Han , Cho Kyung‐Hee , Nah Hyun‐Wook , Song Hasup , Kim Jong S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesEmotional dysfunction is a common finding in stroke patients. Despite reports on serotonergic involvement in the etiology of poststroke emotional dysfunction (PSED), the role of serotonin synthesizing tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) genes in the development of PSED remains unclear.MethodsGenotyping of TPH2 rs4641528 and rs10879355 was performed from genomic DNA of 383 stroke patients collected previously and stored at −70°C. Potential associations between TPH2 genes and poststroke depression (PSD), poststroke emotional incontinence (PSEI), and poststroke anger proneness (PSAP) were investigated 3 months poststroke.ResultsAmong the 383 patients, 69 (18%) had PSD, 41 (11%) had PSEI, and 93 (24%) had PSAP. The TPH2 rs4641528 genotype frequencies differed significantly between patients with and without either PSD or PSEI, although no significant differences were found between the patients with and without PSAP. In multiple logistic regression analysis, PSD was related to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.047–1.230, p < .01), modified Rankin scale score at 3 months (95% CI: 0.135–0.848, p < .05), and TPH2 rs4641528 C allele (95% CI: 1.039–5.631, p < .05), whereas PSEI was associated only with the NIHSS score at admission (95% CI: 1.053–1.259, p < .01) and the TPH2 rs4641528 C allele (95% CI: 1.029–11.678, p < .05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the TPH2 rs4641528 C allele may play a role in the pathogenesis of PSD and PSEI but not PSAP in Korean stroke patients.
Is reappraisal always effective in modifying emotional reactions in females? The role of regulatory timing and goals
Authors: Yan Chunping , Lin Na , Cui Lixia , Zhang Qin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionNumerous studies have explored the effect of cognitive reappraisal before or after emotion‐inducing events. However, only a few studies have examined the influence of regulatory timing on the effectiveness of reappraisal. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of regulatory timing and goals in reappraisal regulation, which would help promote the specific application of cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation. We hypothesized that decrease reappraisal would be more effective when initiated early rather than late, but increase reappraisal would be more effective when initiated in the emotional high‐activation phase.MethodsThis study, via event‐related potential (ERP) technique, probed the influence of the timing and regulatory goal on negative emotion when reappraisal was introduced, respectively 500 ms before (anticipatory), 2,000 ms after (online 2,000 ms) picture onset (in Experiment 1), 500 ms after (online 500 ms) picture onset, and 1,500 ms after (online 1,500 ms) picture onset (in Experiment 2).ResultsBased on the ERP results, under the anticipatory regulation condition, the LPP amplitude in the parietal area was significantly reduced by decrease reappraisal during 700–2,100 ms after picture onset, and under the online 500 ms regulation condition, the LPP in central and parietal areas was significantly enhanced by increase reappraisal during 450–750 ms after regulatory cue onset. Moreover, our results showed that increase reappraisal evoked a larger prefrontal or frontal LPP than decrease reappraisal beginning at about 700 ms after picture onset under the anticipatory regulation condition and beginning at 450 ms after regulatory cue onset under the online 500 ms regulation condition, which may reflect increased cognitive effort and mental conflict associated with increase reappraisal.ConclusionThe anticipatory reappraisal successfully decreased negative emotion, and online 500 ms reappraisal successfully increased negative emotion. Our results support the hypothesis.
The Role of Sustainability‐Related Strategies on the Biofuel Industry: Trends, Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Fotiadis Michael , Polemis Michael L 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to elucidate the sustainability‐related strategies on the biofuel industry. Our empirical analysis is based on a time series data set covering diesel demand in Greece over the period 1978–2014 and on the basis of these estimates we make forecasts for biodiesel consumption in the coming years (2015–2030) under three alternative scenarios. Our approach utilizes unit root testing to investigate possible co‐integrated relationships among the sample variables. The empirical findings indicate that diesel demand is income and price inelastic in both the long and the short run, while biodiesel demand seems to have an upward trend over the simulated period. We argue that the importance of biofuel in the Greek energy balance will change the form of the existing business strategies towards issues such as sustainability, green entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility to achieve the environmental goals set by the EU Energy Roadmap 2050. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Disparities in cancer outcomes across age, sex, and race/ethnicity among patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nipp Ryan , Tramontano Angela C. , Kong Chung Yin , Pandharipande Pari , Dowling Emily C. , Schrag Deborah , Hur Chin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAge, sex, and racial/ethnic disparities exist, but are understudied in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked database to determine whether survival and treatment disparities persist after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Our study included PDAC patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2011. We used Cox regression to compare survival across age, sex, and race/ethnicity within early‐stage and late‐stage cancer subgroups, adjusting for marital status, urban location, socioeconomics, SEER region, comorbidities, stage, lymph node status, tumor location, tumor grade, diagnosis year, and treatment received. We used logistic regression to compare differences in treatment received across age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Among 20,896 patients, 84% were White, 9% Black, 5% Asian, and 2% Hispanic. Median age was 75; 56% were female and 53% had late‐stage cancer. Among early‐stage patients in the adjusted Cox model, older patient subgroups had worse survival compared with ages 66–69 (HR > 1.1, P < 0.01 for groups >69); no survival differences existed between sexes. Black (HR = 1.1, P = 0.01) and Hispanic (HR = 1.2, P < 0.01) patients had worse survival compared with White. Among late‐stage cancer patients, patients over age 84 had worse survival than those aged 66–69 (HR = 1.1, P < 0.01), and males (HR = 1.08, P < 0.01) had worse survival than females; there were no racial/ethnic differences. Older age and minority race/ethnicity were associated with lower likelihood of receiving chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery. Age and racial/ethnic disparities in survival outcomes and treatment received exist for PDAC patients; these disparities persist after adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics.
Lenalidomide decreased the PSA level for castration‐resistant prostate cancer: a case report
Authors: Shimokihara Kota , Kawahara Takashi , Suzuki Taisei , Mochizuki Taku , Takamoto Daiji , Teranishi Jun‐ichi , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Yumura Yasushi , Yao Masahiro , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageLenalidomide has been developed as the derivative of thalidomide that has fewer side effects. We herein report a rare case of castration‐resistant prostate cancer successfully maintained using lenalidomide for multiple myeloma.
Selective Decomposition of Cyclohexyl Hydroperoxide using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous CrVI Catalysts: Optimizing the Reaction by Evaluating the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Hamann Jessica Nadine , Hermsen Marko , Schmidt Anna‐Corina , Krieg Saskia , Schießl Jasmin , Riedel Dominic , Teles Joaquim Henrique , Schäfer Ansgar , Comba Peter , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, known homogeneous and heterogeneous chromium(VI) catalyst systems were investigated with respect to the favored formation of cyclohexanone during the decomposition of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (CHHP). The focus was on mechanistic studies using different spectroscopic methods as well as DFT calculations to further optimize the reaction conditions. As in previous decomposition studies, a mechanism via the formation of a metal alkylperoxido intermediate is probable. In situ spectroscopic studies revealed that in case of both the soluble and insoluble catalyst, the selective decomposition happens via a non‐radical, non‐redox mechanism at the CrVI stage through the formation of a cyclohexylperoxychromium(VI) complex. The proposed mechanism is supported by thorough DFT calculations.
N‐Benzyl Substitution of Polyhydroxypyrrolidines: The Way to Selective Inhibitors of Golgi α‐Mannosidase II
Authors: Šesták Sergej , Bella Maroš , Klunda Tomáš , Gurská Soňa , Džubák Petr , Wöls Florian , Wilson Iain B. H. , Sladek Vladimir , Hajdúch Marián , Poláková Monika , Kóňa Juraj 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInhibition of the biosynthesis of complex N‐glycans in the Golgi apparatus influences progress of tumor growth and metastasis. Golgi α‐mannosidase II (GMII) has become a therapeutic target for drugs with anticancer activities. One critical task for successful application of GMII drugs in medical treatments is to decrease their unwanted co‐inhibition of lysosomal α‐mannosidase (LMan), a weakness of all known potent GMII inhibitors. A series of novel N‐substituted polyhydroxypyrrolidines was synthesized and tested with modeled GH38 α‐mannosidases from Drosophila melanogaster (GMIIb and LManII). The most potent structures inhibited GMIIb (Ki=50–76 μm, as determined by enzyme assays) with a significant selectivity index of IC50(LManII)/IC50(GMIIb) >100. These compounds also showed inhibitory activities in in vitro assays with cancer cell lines (leukemia, IC50=92–200 μm) and low cytotoxic activities in normal fibroblast cell lines (IC50>200 μm). In addition, they did not show any significant inhibitory activity toward GH47 Aspergillus saitoiα1,2‐mannosidase. An appropriate stereo configuration of hydroxymethyl and benzyl functional groups on the pyrrolidine ring of the inhibitor may lead to an inhibitor with the required selectivity for the active site of a target α‐mannosidase.
Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence from Small Copper, Silver, and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Andolina Christopher M. , Crawford Scott E. , Smith Ashley M. , Johnston Kathryn A. , Straney Patrick J. , Marbella Lauren E. , Tolman Nathan L. , Hochuli Taylor J. , Millstone Jill E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHere, we report the synthesis and near‐infrared photoluminescence properties of small‐diameter (∼2–3 nm) silver and copper nanoparticles. Periodic trends in nanoparticle quantum yields, observed lifetimes, and emission peak features are studied and compared to each other as well as to previously reported small diameter gold nanoparticles. These trends are distinct from optoelectronic features observed from either their cluster (4–100 atoms) or larger NP (diameter >5 nm) counterparts. Taken together, the successful synthesis and characterization of these materials introduces potential alternatives to small, Au‐based nanoparticles in photoluminescence‐driven applications such as bio‐labeling and sensing, as well as provides additional insight into particle properties at this important size range between molecular and bulk materials.
Bandwidth allocation and distributed relay selection for multiple‐user and multiple‐relay cooperative systems using Stackelberg game
Authors: Rahi Priyanka , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: January 2018

SummaryCooperative communication is an ongoing research area which lies on the basic idea of transmission of information from the transmitter to the receiver with the assistance of a virtual array of relay nodes in between, which will eventually provide the spatial diversity. This paper deals with the resource allocation (bandwidth in this case) among multiple users (source‐ destination pairs) in a cooperative communication environment along with the relay selection when there are multiple relay nodes to assist the transmitting nodes to pass on their data signal to respective receivers. A multi‐user, multi‐relay system model is considered here on which Amplify‐and‐Forward relaying scheme is applied. The bandwidth allocation and relay selection are done based on the Stackelberg game according to which transmitting nodes are treated as purchasers and relaying nodes are treated as vendors. By this planned approach, the transmitting nodes can discover the relays at comparatively better positions and can purchase the optimal bandwidth from those helping relays. By this approach, the relays which are competing with each other can increase their own utilities by demanding the optimal prices and the multiple users which are competing with each other can maximize their own utilities by demanding the optimal bandwidths. Distributed relay selection scheme is applied here which does not require precise information of channel state information as opposed to Centralized scheme and it gives comparable results, too.
Specific plasmid patterns and high rates of bacterial co‐occurrence within the coral holobiont
Authors: Leite Deborah C. A. , Salles Joana F. , Calderon Emiliano N. , van Elsas Jan D. , Peixoto Raquel S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of coral microbiomes for holobiont persistence, the interactions among these are not well understood. In particular, knowledge of the co‐occurrence and taxonomic importance of specific members of the microbial core, as well as patterns of specific mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is lacking. We used seawater and mucus samples collected from Mussismilia hispida colonies on two reefs located in Bahia, Brazil, to disentangle their associated bacterial communities, intertaxa correlations, and plasmid patterns. Proxies for two broad‐host‐range (BHR) plasmid groups, IncP‐1β and PromA, were screened. Both groups were significantly (up to 252 and 100%, respectively) more abundant in coral mucus than in seawater. Notably, the PromA plasmid group was detected only in coral mucus samples. The core bacteriome of M. hispida mucus was composed primarily of members of the Proteobacteria, followed by those of Firmicutes. Significant host specificity and co‐occurrences among different groups of the dominant phyla (e.g., Bacillaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae and the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Vibrio) were detected. These relationships were observed for both the most abundant phyla and the bacteriome core, in which most of the operational taxonomic units showed intertaxa correlations. The observed evidence of host‐specific bacteriome and co‐occurrence (and potential symbioses or niche space co‐dominance) among the most dominant members indicates a taxonomic selection of members of the stable bacterial community. In parallel, host‐specific plasmid patterns could also be, independently, related to the assembly of members of the coral microbiome.
Photo-induced toxicity following exposure to crude oil and ultraviolet radiation in 2 Australian fishes
Authors: Sweet Lauren E. , Revill Andrew T. , Strzelecki Joanna , Hook Sharon E. , Morris Jeffrey M. , Roberts Aaron P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), components of crude oil, are known to cause increased toxicity when organisms are co-exposed with ultraviolet radiation, resulting in photo-induced toxicity. The photodynamic characteristics of some PAHs are of particular concern to places like Australia with high ultraviolet radiation levels. The objective of the present study was to characterize the photo-induced toxicity of an Australian North West Shelf oil to early life stage yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri). The fish were exposed to high-energy water accommodated fractions for 24 to 36 h. During the exposure, the fish were either co-exposed to full-intensity or filtered natural sunlight and then transferred to clean water. At 48 h, survival, cardiac effects, and spinal deformities were assessed. Yellowtail kingfish embryos co-exposed to oil and full-spectrum sunlight exhibited decreased hatching success and a higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, compared with filtered sunlight. A significant increase in the incidence of pericardial edema occurred in black bream embryos co-exposed to full-spectrum sunlight. These results highlight the need for more studies investigating the effects of PAHs and photo-induced toxicity under environmental conditions relevant to Australia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1359–1366. © 2018 SETAC