bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic Chip for High-throughput Blood Cell Depletion to Sort Rare Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Fachin Fabio , Spuhler Philipp , Martel-Foley Joseph M. , Edd Jon F. , Barber Thomas A. , Walsh John , Karabacak Murat , Pai Vincent , Yu Melissa , Smith Kyle , Hwang Henry , Yang Jennifer , Shah Sahil , Yarmush Ruby , Sequist Lecia V. , Stott Shannon L. , Maheswaran Shyamala , Haber Daniel A. , Kapur Ravi , Toner Mehmet 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are a treasure trove of information regarding the location, type and stage of cancer and are being pursued as both a diagnostic target and a means of guiding personalized treatment. Most isolation technologies utilize properties of the CTCs themselves such as surface antigens (e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule or EpCAM) or size to separate them from blood cell populations. We present an automated monolithic chip with 128 multiplexed deterministic lateral displacement devices containing ~1.5 million microfabricated features (12 µm–50 µm) used to first deplete red blood cells and platelets. The outputs from these devices are serially integrated with an inertial focusing system to line up all nucleated cells for multi-stage magnetophoresis to remove magnetically-labeled white blood cells. The monolithic CTC-iChip enables debulking of blood samples at 15–20 million cells per second while yielding an output of highly purified CTCs. We quantified the size and EpCAM expression of over 2,500 CTCs from 38 patient samples obtained from breast, prostate, lung cancers, and melanoma. The results show significant heterogeneity between and within single patients. Unbiased, rapid, and automated isolation of CTCs using monolithic CTC-iChip will enable the detailed measurement of their physicochemical and biological properties and their role in metastasis.
Seasonal and geographical impact on human resting periods
Authors: Monsivais Daniel , Bhattacharya Kunal , Ghosh Asim , Dunbar Robin I. M. , Kaski Kimmo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe study the influence of seasonally and geographically related daily dynamics of daylight and ambient temperature on human resting or sleeping patterns using mobile phone data of a large number of individuals. We observe two daily inactivity periods in the people’s aggregated mobile phone calling patterns and infer these to represent the resting times of the population. We find that the nocturnal resting period is strongly influenced by the length of daylight, and that its seasonal variation depends on the latitude, such that for people living in two different cities separated by eight latitudinal degrees, the difference in the resting periods of people between the summer and winter in southern cities is almost twice that in the northern cities. We also observe that the duration of the afternoon resting period is influenced by the temperature, and that there is a threshold from which this influence sets in. Finally, we observe that the yearly dynamics of the afternoon and nocturnal resting periods appear to be counterbalancing each other. This also lends support to the notion that the total daily resting time of people is more or less conserved across the year.
SERS-based Immunoassay in a Microfluidic System for the Multiplexed Recognition of Interleukins from Blood Plasma: Towards Picogram Detection
Authors: Kamińska Agnieszka , Winkler Katarzyna , Kowalska Aneta , Witkowska Evelin , Szymborski Tomasz , Janeczek Anna , Waluk Jacek 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSERS-active nanostructures incorporated into a microfluidic device have been developed for rapid and multiplex monitoring of selected Type 1 cytokine (interleukins: IL-6, IL-8, IL-18) levels in blood plasma. Multiple analyses have been performed by using nanoparticles, each coated with different Raman reporter molecules: 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitro-benzoic acid) (DTNB), fuchsin (FC), and p-mercatpobenzoic acid (p-MBA) and with specific antibodies. The multivariate statistical method, principal component analysis (PCA), was applied for segregation of three different antigen-antibody complexes encoded by three Raman reporters (FC, p-MBA, and DTNB) during simultaneous multiplexed detection approach. To the best of our knowledge, we have also presented, for the first time, a possibility for multiplexed quantification of three interleukins: IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 in blood plasma samples using SERS technique. Our method improves the detection limit in comparison to standard ELISA methods. The low detection limits were estimated to be 2.3 pg·ml−1, 6.5 pg·ml−1, and 4.2 pg·ml−1 in a parallel approach, and 3.8 pg·ml−1, 7.5 pg·ml−1, and 5.2 pg·ml−1 in a simultaneous multiplexed method for IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18, respectively. This demonstrated the sensitivity and reproducibility desirable for analytical examinations.
Dissection of iron signaling and iron accumulation by overexpression of subgroup Ib bHLH039 protein
Authors: Naranjo-Arcos Maria Augusta , Maurer Felix , Meiser Johannes , Pateyron Stephanie , Fink-Straube Claudia , Bauer Petra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIron is an essential growth determinant for plants, and plants acquire this micronutrient in amounts they need in their environment. Plants can increase iron uptake in response to a regulatory transcription factor cascade. Arabidopsis thaliana serves as model plant to identify and characterize iron regulation genes. Here, we show that overexpression of subgroup Ib bHLH transcription factor bHLH039 (39Ox) caused constitutive iron acquisition responses, which resulted in enhanced iron contents in leaves and seeds. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that 39Ox plants displayed simultaneously gene expression patterns characteristic of iron deficiency and iron stress signaling. Thereby, we could dissect iron deficiency response regulation. The transcription factor FIT, which is required to regulate iron uptake, was essential for the 39Ox phenotype. We provide evidence that subgroup Ib transcription factors are involved in FIT transcriptional regulation. Our findings pose interesting questions to the feedback control of iron homeostasis.
An improved statistical iterative algorithm for sparse-view and limited-angle CT image reconstruction
Authors: Hu Zhanli , Gao Juan , Zhang Na , Yang Yongfeng , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBecause radiation is harmful to patients, it is important to reduce X-ray exposure in the clinic. For CT, reconstructions from sparse views or limited angle tomography are being used more frequently for low dose imaging. However, insufficient sampling data causes severe streak artifacts in images reconstructed using conventional methods. To solve this issue, various methods have recently been developed. In this paper, we improve a statistical iterative algorithm based on the minimization of the image total variation (TV) for sparse or limited projection views during CT image reconstruction. Considering the statistical nature of the projection data, the TV is performed under a penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS-TV) criterion. During implementation of the proposed method, the image reconstructed using the filtered back-projection (FBP) method is used as the initial value of the first iteration. Next, the feature refinement (FR) step is performed after each PWLS-TV iteration to extract the fine features lost in the TV minimization, which we refer to as ‘PWLS-TV-FR’.
Excellent thermoelectric properties induced by different contact geometries in phenalenyl-based single-molecule devices
Authors: Cao Xuan-Hao , Zhou Wu-Xing , Chen Chang-Yong , Tang Li-Ming , Long Mengqiu , Chen Ke-Qiu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigated the thermoelectric properties of phenalenyl-based molecular devices by using the non-equilibrium Green’s function method combined with density function theory. The results show that the thermoelectric performance of molecular device can be significantly improved by different contact geometries. The ZT value of the device can reach 1.2 at room temperature, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of graphene. Moreover, the change of the coupling between molecule and electrodes can also enhance the ZT value. The ZT value can be further optimized to 1.4 at 300 K and 5.9 at 100 K owing to the decrease of electronic thermal conductance and almost unchanged power factor.
Study on dose-dependent, frequency-dependent, and accumulative effects of 1.5 GHz and 2.856 GHz microwave on cognitive functions in Wistar rats
Authors: Tan Shengzhi , Wang Hui , Xu Xinping , Zhao Li , Zhang Jing , Dong Ji , Yao Binwei , Wang Haoyu , Zhou Hongmei , Gao Yabing , Peng Ruiyun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany studies have revealed the cognitive decline induced by microwave radiation. However, the systematic study on dose-dependent, frequency-dependent and accumulative effects of microwave exposure at different frequencies was lacking. Here, we studied the relationship between the effects and the power and frequency of microwave and analyzed the accumulative effects of two different frequency microwaves with the same average power density. After microwave radiation, declines in spatial learning and memory and fluctuations of brain electric activities were found in the 10 mW/cm2 single frequency exposure groups and accumulative exposure groups. Meanwhile, morphological evidences in hippocampus also supported the cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, the decrease of Nissl contents in neurons indicated protein-based metabolic disorders in neurons. By detecting the key functional proteins of cholinergic transmitter metabolism, cytokines, energy metabolism and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, we found that microwave could lead to multiple metabolic disorders. Our results showed that microwave-induced cognitive decline was largely determined by its power rather than frequency. Injury effects were also found in accumulative exposure groups. We particularly concerned about the safety dose, injury effects and accumulative effects of microwaves, which might be very valuable in the future.
Duration of farming is an indicator of natural restoration potential of sedge meadows
Authors: Wang Guodong , Wang Ming , Lu Xianguo , Jiang Ming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSoil seed banks can be important components of ecological restoration, particularly if the species remain viable in the soil for long periods of time. A germination experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to determine seed bank viability based on length of time farmed. Soils from sedge meadows farmed between 0 and 50 years were collected in Sanjiang Plain, China. Most dominant sedges (e.g., Carex schmidtii, C. lasiocarpa) and grasses (e.g. Calamagrostis angustifolia) survived as seeds if farmed for less than 5 years, therefore fields farmed for short periods of time are the best candidates for wetland restoration. Certain important structural components (tussock-forming Carex spp.) are not retained in seed banks when farmed for 6–15 years, but the seed banks still contained viable seeds of other important sedge meadow species, which could contribute to the restoration of wetland communities. However, most sedge meadow species were missing in fields farmed for more than 16 years, which make these fields difficult to restore via natural recolonization. We conclude that the duration of farming can be used as a general indicator of the potential of natural restoration for sedge meadows. This information could be used to determine which wetlands might be targeted for restoration.
The Strong Cell-based Hydrogen Peroxide Generation Triggered by Cold Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Yan Dayun , Cui Haitao , Zhu Wei , Talbot Annie , Zhang Lijie Grace , Sherman Jonathan H. , Keidar Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important signaling molecule in cancer cells. However, the significant secretion of H2O2 by cancer cells have been rarely observed. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a near room temperature ionized gas composed of neutral particles, charged particles, reactive species, and electrons. Here, we first demonstrated that breast cancer cells and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells generated micromolar level H2O2 during just 1 min of direct CAP treatment on these cells. The cell-based H2O2 generation is affected by the medium volume, the cell confluence, as well as the discharge voltage. The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in cancer treatment has been intensively investigated over the past decade. Several cellular responses to CAP treatment have been observed including the consumption of the CAP-originated reactive species, the rise of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the damage on DNA and mitochondria, as well as the activation of apoptotic events. This is a new previously unknown cellular response to CAP, which provides a new prospective to understand the interaction between CAP and cells in vitro and in vivo. The short-lived reactive species in CAP may activate cells in vivo to generate long-lived reactive species such as H2O2, which may trigger immune attack on tumorous tissues via the H2O2-mediated lymphocyte activation.
Modelling of torque and speed characterisation of double stator slotted rotor brushless DC motor
Authors: Raja Othman Raja Nor Firdaus Kashfi , Md Zuki Nor Aishah , Che Ahmad Suhairi Rizuan , Abdul Shukor Fairul Azhar , Mat Isa Siti Zulaika , Othman Md Nazri 
Published: August 2017

This study discusses the modelling of torque and speed characterisation of the double stator slotted rotor brushless DC motor (DSSR‐BLDC). Most double stators have a surface mount rotor structure. The problem with this structure is that it has a large air gap, expensive permanent magnet, and cannot operate at high speed. In addition to flux leakage when this type of rotor structure is used. To overcome this problem, the DSSR‐BLDC has been introduced. The usage of the DSSR‐BLDC is to minimise the flux leakage, thus increasing the flux linkage. This will increase the torque production for the DSSR‐BLDC. The aim of this research is to model the torque and speed characterisation of the DSSR‐BLDC. This model uses the permeance analysis method and finite element method. The maximum torque and speed can be determined using both methods. The analyses of the electromagnetic torque, output power, and efficiency for various voltages are also presented. The simulation and measurement result show a good agreement with each other. The highest measurement value of the electromagnetic torque is 11 N m at 100 rpm. In conclusion, this study reveals that the modelling of the torque and speed characterisation of the DSSR‐BLDC is suitable for portable applications.
Follicle Viability after Vitrification of Bovine Ovarian Tissue
Authors: Guedes Janaína de Souza , Rodrigues Jhenifer Kliemchen , Campos Ana Luisa Menezes , Moraes Camila Cruz de , Caetano João Pedro Junqueira , Marinho Ricardo Mello 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitrification on the viability of follicles using a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture.
Methods Bovine ovarian tissue samples (n = 5) obtained from slaughterhouses were utilized. The cortex was cut into small fragments of 2 × 3 × 0.5 mm using a tissue slicer. From these fragments, secondary follicles were first isolated by mechanical and enzymatic methods, then encapsulated in alginate gel and individually cultured for 20 days. Additional fragments of the same ovarian tissue were vitrified in a solution containing 25% glycerol and 25% ethylene glycol. After warming, the follicles underwent the same follicular isolation process that was performed for the fresh follicles.
Results A total of 61 follicles were isolated, 51 from fresh ovarian tissue, and 10 from vitrified tissue. After the culture, the vitrified and fresh follicles showed 20% and 43.1% survival rates respectively (p = 0.290), with no significant differences. At the end of the culture, there were no significant differences in follicular diameter between the vitrified (422.93 ± 85.05 µm) and fresh (412.99 ± 102.55 µm) groups (p = 0.725). Fresh follicles showed higher mean rate of antrum formation when compared with vitrified follicles (47.1% and 20.0% respectively), but without significant difference (p = 0.167).
Conclusions The follicles were able to develop, grow and form antrum in the 3D system after vitrification, despite the lower results obtained with the fresh tissue.
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging to Evaluate Bowel Lesions in Neonates with NEC
Authors: Knudsen Kristine , Thorup Joergen , Strandby Rune , Ambrus Rikard , Ring Linea , Ifaoui Inge 
Published: August 2017

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frequent surgical emergency in newborns. Intestinal ischemia is considered a factor that precedes the development of NEC lesions. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can be used to assess tissue microcirculation. We evaluated if LSCI may help to detect intestinal regions with reduced microcirculation in NEC.
Case Report A male patient (gestational age, 26 [3/7] weeks; birth weight, 600 g) showed clinical signs of NEC 28 days after birth. X-ray revealed pneumatosis intestinalis and portal gas. Laparotomy showed NEC lesions with signs of transmural ischemia in the terminal ileum and cecum. Surgical resection lines (RLs) were marked, followed by LSCI measurements and resection of the bowel between the two RLs. Post hoc LSCI analyses were conducted on both sides of the proximal and distal RL. Low-flux values, indicating reduced microcirculation, were found in the macroscopically assessed necrotic bowel at the proximal RL, whereas higher flux values, indicating sufficient microcirculation, were found in the macroscopically assessed normal bowel.
Discussion This study is the first description of intra-abdominal use of LSCI to evaluate tissue microcirculation in relation to NEC lesions. LSCI could be a valuable tool to distinguish between ischemic and nonischemic bowel in neonates undergoing surgery for NEC.
Appearance of Abnormal Cardiothoracic Ratio of Fetuses with Hemoglobin Bart’s Disease: Life Table Analysis
Authors: Wanapirak Chanane , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Luewan Suchaya , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Tongsong Theera 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Objective To determine the timeline of the first appearance of an increased CT ratio of fetuses with hemoglobin (Hb) Bart’s disease.
Materials and Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on pregnancies at risk for fetal Hb Bart’s disease. Sonographic markers including cardiothoracic (CT) ratio and middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) were serially assessed and recorded from the first trimester. The definite diagnosis of fetal Hb Bart’s disease based on DNA analysis (CVS), or fetal Hb typing (HPLC; cordocentesis) was performed at the first appearance of an increased CT ratio.
Results Of 275 pregnancies at risk, 64 fetuses were finally proven to be affected and life table analysis was performed. Most affected fetuses showed an increased CT ratio in late first trimester and early second trimester, with median time of the first appearance at 13 weeks and all affected fetuses were detected at 23 weeks or less. The CT ratio yielded a sensitivity of 100 % at a gestational age of 23 weeks with a false-positive rate of 8 %. MCA-PSV appeared later than CT ratio. Only 9.4 % of affected cases developed abnormal MCA-PSV before an increased CT ratio.
Conclusion The timeline of the first appearance of an increased CT ratio of fetuses with Hb Bart’s disease was established. This may help us identify Hb Bart’s disease among fetuses at risk in earlier gestation and proper schedules for serial ultrasound could be made more effectively.
Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung bei der Kit-Präparation
Authors: Gildehaus Franz 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie 15. Novelle des Arzneimittelgesetzes (AMG) führte zu einer rechtlichen Neubewertung der selbst hergestellten Radiopharmaka, zu denen auch die Kit-Präparationen zählen. So wird diese Tätigkeit nunmehr eindeutig als pharmazeutische Herstellung im Sinne des AMG bewertet, die bei den zuständigen Behörden angezeigt werden muss und auch der behördlichen Inspektion unterliegen (kann). Da eine umfassende Qualitätssicherung der 99mTc-Kits gemäß den pharmazeutischen Standards den meisten Betreibern aber unmöglich ist, sehen die zuständigen Arzneimittelbehörden derzeit von einer Überwachung ab. Als Radiopharmaka bezeichnet man radioaktive Verbindungen, die sowohl für diagnostische Fragestellungen als auch für therapeutische Interventionen bei verschiedensten Erkrankungen eingesetzt werden können. Im Allgemeinen besitzen sie keine pharmakologischen Effekte, da sie nur in sehr geringen Mengen (mikro- bis nanomolarer Bereich) verwendet werden. Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen treten im Gegensatz zu „normalen“ Pharmaka äußerst selten auf. Dennoch unterliegen sie als Parenteralia einer Reihe von biologischen Qualitätskriterien wie Sterilität und Apyrogenität, aber auch physikochemische Kriterien wie chemische und radiochemische Reinheit und Radionuklidreinheit müssen den Vorgaben entsprechen. Gerade die beiden Letztgenannten sollten regelmäßig vom Anwender, der letztlich für die Bereitung der Markierungskits verantwortlich ist, überprüft werden. Dazu stehen eine Reihe schneller und einfacher Methoden wie die Dünnschichtchromatografie oder Kartuschen-Methoden zur Verfügung. Unter Verwendung dieser Methoden lässt sich ein einfaches und effizientes Qualitätssicherungssystem für das nuklearmedizinische Labor etablieren, das eine hohe Produktqualität garantieren kann.
Plasmamedizin – Kaltes Plasma zur Behandlung von Hautinfektionen
Authors: Wiegand C. , Elsner P. 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungPlasma, der vierte Aggregatzustand der Materie, ist ein ionisiertes Gas und kann technisch aus Gasen wie Argon, Helium, Stickstoff, Sauerstoff oder Luft bei Normaldruck und niedrigen Temperaturen hergestellt werden. Dieses „kalte atmosphärische Plasma“ (KAP) besteht dann aus einer Mischung von reaktiven Spezies wie angeregten Molekülen, geladenen Partikeln, reaktiven Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffspezies sowie UV-Strahlung. Diese Komponenten tragen zur antimikrobiellen Wirkung des Plasmas bei, vermitteln aber auch Effekte gegen Parasiten, Phagen und Viren sowie gegen Malignomzellen. KAPs können daher zur Sterilisation von Oberflächen, zur Dekontamination von Lebensmitteln, in der Dermatologie und der Zahnheilkunde eingesetzt werden. KAPs haben darüber hinaus als alternative antiseptische Therapie zur Anwendung von lokalen Antibiotika bei nicht-systemischen Infektionen rapide an Bedeutung gewonnen. Aufgrund des vielseitigen Wirkprinzips ist die Entwicklung bakterieller Resistenzen gegen KAP unwahrscheinlich.
Fight the power: how CAGE resists from within a “suspect community”
Authors: Qureshi Asim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of the War on Terror, the British government has introduced a strict counter-terrorism regime that has disproportionately targeted Muslim communities through on-going practices of racialization and surveillance. This paper examines the ways in which grassroots organizations have developed responses and strategies to resist counter-terrorism policy and state Islamophobia in the context of the United Kingdom and the United States. The paper uses a practitioner’s perspective to locate real-life experiences of working within such an organization, as a means to understand the complex processes by which structural power is exercised to suppress legitimate voices of colour seeking to critique policy and practice. It examines the consequences of such silencing and the wider risks this poses for dissent and debate in democratic societies.