bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadaveric Study on the Safety of High‐Flow Nasal Oxygen in Laser Microlaryngeal Surgery
Authors: Ferraro Ellen L. , Zura Nicholas , Abdelmalak Basem B. , Galway Ursula , Benninger Michael S. , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionHigh‐flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), or transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE), is a technique providing apneic oxygenation and a degree of ventilation during microlaryngeal surgery. Its use with laser has been questioned due to concern for airway fire. For fire to occur, a triad of ignition source, oxidizer, and fuel source must be present. By using HFNO and eliminating an endotracheal tube (fuel source), it is hypothesized that airway fire risk is minimal. We tested this theory with human cadavers using HFNO with increasing levels of FiO2 while performing microlaryngeal laser surgery.MethodsHFNO was placed on two cadavers, and oxygen was administered at incrementally increasing fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) concentrations (30%–100%). Laryngeal microsurgery was conducted with CO2 and KTP lasers applied for 30 s. Oxygen readings were taken at several anatomic locations along the body assessing oxygen concentrations in correlation with increasing FiO2 administration.ResultsThe use of CO2 and KTP laser on cadaveric vocal folds produced char but no spark or airway fire at any of the tested oxygen concentrations. Apart from the mouth, there was minimal increase in oxygen levels at the surrounding anatomic sites despite elevating FiO2 levels.ConclusionHFNO may be safe to use during microlaryngeal laser surgery. By eliminating the endotracheal tube as a fuel source, risk of airway fire may be negligible. Our study safely applied CO2 and KTP lasers for an uninterrupted 30 s with HFNO at 70 L/min and 100% FiO2 producing no spark or fire.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
Metabolomics study of serum from patients with type 2 diabetes: Peripheral neuropathy could be associated with sphingosine and phospholipid molecules
Authors: Zhong Jingchen , Li Xiaojie , Yuan Mengqian , Chen Dong , Li Yancai , Lian Xiaoyang , Wang Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAbnormal lipid metabolism is one of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study aimed to determine the differences in lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and DPN and the possible pathogenesis caused by this difference. The participants comprised type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with DPN (N = 60) and healthy controls (N = 20). Blood samples were drawn from the participants in the morning in the fasting state, and then changes in serum lipids were explored using targeted metabolomics on the liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry platform. Among the 1768 differentially abundant lipid metabolites, the results of orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis combined with random forest analysis showed that the levels of sphingosine (SPH) (d18:0), carnitine 22:1, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (18:0/0:0), LPC (16:0/0:0), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:1/0:0), LPC (0:0/18:0) and LPE (0:0/18:1) were significantly different between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed that SPH (d18:0), carnitine 22:1, LPE (18:0/0:0), and LPC (0:0/18:0) levels correlated highly with the patients' electromyography results. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation and enrichment analysis of 538 differentially abundant lipid metabolites revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus DPN was related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycerol metabolism. Our results further identified the dangerous lipid metabolites associated with DPN and abnormal lipid metabolism. The influence of lipid metabolites such as SPH and phospholipid molecules on DPN development in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were suggested and the possible pathogenic pathways were clarified, providing new insights into the clinical risk of DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Multivariate statistical “unmixing” of Indian and Pacific Ocean sediment provenance
Authors: Dunlea Ann G. , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Tanaka Erika , Hendy Ingrid L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe geochemistry of marine sediment is a massive archive of (paleo)oceanographic information. Accessing that information requires “unmixing” the various influences on marine sediment geochemistry to understand individual sources and marine geochemical processes. Q‐mode factor analysis (QFA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are multivariate statistical techniques that have successfully been applied to large datasets of marine sediment element concentrations to identify the number and composition of marine sediment sources or end‐members. In this study, we apply both techniques to two datasets of marine sediment geochemistry, compare the output, and discuss the advantages of each approach. In both datasets, ICA identified a mixing trend between carbonates and dust, whereas QFA represented the end‐members as two separate factors. In the Pacific and Indian Oceans dataset, both techniques produced three factors or independent components involving rare earth elements, but two of the QFA factors explained a small, almost negligible, amount of the variability of the dataset. Also, QFA identified more aluminosilicate end‐members (dust or volcanic ash) than ICA. In the Indian Ocean Sites 738 and 752 dataset, ICA identified two processes affecting Sr and Ba concentrations as separate independent components, while QFA created a factor representing the covariation of Sr and Ba over intervals of the site's paleoceanographic history. The results of this study exemplify that QFA identifies covariances and finds discrete end‐members contributing to the bulk mass of sediment. ICA works best with non‐Gaussian element distributions and finds geochemical signals and mixing trends that constitute the characteristic structure of the multielemental data.
Effect of financial contagion between real and financial sectors on asset bubbles: A two‐layer network game approach
Authors: Fan Ruguo , Xie Xiao , Wang Yuanyuan , Lin Jinchai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of asset bubble formation is important for maintaining financial stability and healthy functioning of the economic system. With gradual emphasis on the complex characteristics of financial markets, a new perspective for analyzing the emergence of asset bubbles is emerging: how to integrate the real economy with financial markets composed of heterogeneous individuals. In this study, we propose a two‐layer network game to investigate the impact of financial contagion between the real and financial sectors on asset bubbles. Among their interactions, shadow banking activities in both sectors increase the contagion risk across financial markets and construct a broader financial system. Both credit interactions and peer learning effects are captured in the network framework. Simulating relevant regulation policies, our experiments indicate that regulators should closely monitor returns on assets by setting an upper threshold. Financialization in the real sector significantly exacerbates the formation of asset bubbles, with medium‐level borrowing constraints minimizing bubble dynamics most effectively. The financialization practices of mature industries should be strictly regulated, while innovative industries should be allowed moderately flexible financing practices. The degree of friction within the financial market should be flexibly calibrated for financial institutions and genuine enterprises, aiming to mitigate systemic risks in the financial market while fostering robust growth in the real economy.
Impact of nutrition interventions for malnourished patients: Introduction to health economics and outcomes research with findings from nutrition care studies
Authors: Schuetz Philipp , Kerr Kirk W. , Cereda Emanuele , Sulo Suela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHealthcare systems and patients today are challenged by high and ever‐escalating costs for care. With increasing costs and declining affordability, public and private healthcare payers are all seeking value in care. As the evidence regarding health benefits of nutrition products and interventional nutrition care is increasing, cost‐effectiveness of these interventions needs consideration. Health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) examines the value of healthcare treatments, including nutrition interventions. This review summarizes how HEOR tools are used to measure health impact, that is, the burden of illness, the effect of interventions on the illness, and the value of the nutrition intervention in terms of health and cost outcomes. How studies are designed to compile data for economic analyses is briefly discussed. Then, studies that use HEOR methods to measure efficacy, cost‐effectiveness, and cost savings from nutrition care across the healthcare spectrum—from hospitals to nursing homes and rehabilitation centers, to care for community‐living individuals, with an emphasis on individuals who are older or experiencing chronic health issues—are reviewed. Overall, findings from HEOR studies over the past decade build considerable evidence to show that nutrition care improves the health of at‐risk or malnourished patients effectively and at a reasonable cost. As such, the evidence suggests that nutrition care brings value to healthcare across multiple settings and populations.
Oral lichenoid lesions as an immune‐related adverse event: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Okamura Takeshi , Koshinuma Shinya , Noujima Mai , Sugiura Shuji , Fujimoto Noriki , Takaoka Kazuki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundReports of oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) as an immune‐related adverse event (irAE) are rare.Case presentationAn 81‐year‐old man was visited with a complaint of severe pain in the oral mucosa. He had received nivolumab for relapsed malignant melanoma. Pathological examination showed acanthotic and destructive changes in the epithelium with inflammatory infiltrates and CD8 positivity. Based on these findings, the diagnosis was OLL as an irAE. Oral prednisolone was started, and the lesion gradually resolved.ConclusionThe literature review suggested that OLL can appear as an irAE on the buccal mucosa and tongue after a varying number of cycles of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Routine surveillance of the oral mucosa is needed.
The influence of crop type on pesticide wash‐off parameters for use in environmental fate modelling
Authors: Hand Laurence , Patterson David , Reinken Gerald , Schriever Carola , Volz Petra , Rieder Benjamin , Essing Marius 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWash‐off of plant protection products from crops is represented in current European Union (EU) surface water models and future EU soil models by a coefficient that estimates its contribution to soil loadings following rainfall. Replacing the default coefficient with experimental data requires a harmonized protocol and this research forms part of the development of such a protocol. Following a successful test of the proposed protocol on a single crop across eight laboratories, a range of crops were tested in a single laboratory to assess the impact of crop type on the results.RESULTSSix crops (wheat, rice, oil seed rape, cabbage, potato and French bean) were chosen, encompassing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic leaf surfaces. Tebuconazole (Folicur EW 250) was sprayed onto plants at a rate equivalent to 100 g ai ha−1 and subjected to a 1‐h simulated rainfall event at an intensity of 20 mm h−1. Measured residues before and after rainfall were compared to calculate the percentage wash‐off. The extent of wash‐off was 66.4% with a 95% confidence interval of ±18.5% and the results were clustered according to leaf wettability, with lower wash‐off in hydrophobic crops than in hydrophilic crops.CONCLUSIONWash‐off of this unoptimized formulation was similar across the crops, despite the use of crops with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic leaf surfaces. There is potential, therefore, to rationalize the number of crops used in future studies by selecting a small number of hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic crops to obtain a robust estimation of the extent of wash‐off for use in environmental fate models. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quercetin supplementation prevents kidney damage and improves long‐term prognosis in hypertensive patients
Authors: Zheng Yawei , Fang Yuan , Li Li , Wang Huihui , Zhang Siqi , Zhu Yuan , Wang Yating , Meng Xianze , Fang Zhen , Luo Yu , Fang Zhuyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuercetin has shown potential antihypertensive‐like activities in several studies. The present study aimed to test the effect of quercetin supplementation on kidney damage and long‐term prognosis in hypertensive patients. The data of enrolled hypertensive patients were acquired from the NHANES dataset. The flavanol intake data was extracted from the FNDDS flavonoid database. Information regarding mortality was extracted from the NCHS. A total of 5801 hypertensive patients were included in this study. Preliminary analysis found that the total flavanols intake dosage was the independent influence factor of the kidney damage prevalence in hypertension, and it was found that only the quercetin supplementation was the protective factor for kidney damage after stratification analysis. For every 10 mg/d increase in quercetin intake, the kidney damage prevalence decreased by 8% [OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, p = 0.032]. The comprehensive analysis results suggested that hypertensive patients in the quercetin‐high group had a lower kidney damage prevalence and a higher survival probability than those in the quercetin‐low group. The urine microalbumin of hypertensive patients in the quercetin‐high group was significantly lower than that of hypertensive patients in the quercetin‐low group. In addition, at a median follow‐up time of 122 months, the mortality decreased by 9% [HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99, p = 0.031] for every 10 mg/d increase in quercetin intake. The findings suggested that high quercetin intake was associated with low kidney damage prevalence and high survival probability. Based on the existing evidence, promoting quercetin supplementation as a supplementary treatment for hypertensive patients was warranted.
Dynamic Phase Enabled Topological Mode Steering in Composite Su‐Schrieffer–Heeger Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Tang Min , Pang Chi , Saggau Christian N. , Dong Haiyun , Lee Ching Hua , Thomale Ronny , Klembt Sebastian , Fulga Ion Cosma , van den Brink Jeroen , Vaynzof Yana , Schmidt Oliver G. , Wang Jiawei , Ma Libo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTopological boundary states localize at interfaces whenever the interface implies a change of the associated topological invariant encoded in the geometric phase. The generically present dynamic phase, however, which is energy and time‐dependent, is known to be non‐universal, and hence not to intertwine with any topological geometric phase. Using the example of topological zero modes in composite Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger (c‐SSH) waveguide arrays with a central defect is reported on the selective excitation and transition of topological boundary mode based on dynamic phase‐steered interferences. This work thus provides a new knob for the control and manipulation of topological states in composite photonic devices, indicating promising applications where topological modes and their bandwidth can be jointly controlled by the dynamic phase, geometric phase, and wavelength in on‐chip topological devices.
Vacuum‐assisted wound closure and mesh‐mediated fascial traction for temporary closure in open abdomen: A single‐arm meta‐analysis
Authors: Lech Gabriele Eckerdt , Neves Brian Henriques , Oliveira Gilson Tenório , da Silveira Carlos André Balthazar , Kasmirski Julia Adriana , Lima Diego L. , Cavazzola Leandro Totti 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionOpen abdomen (OA) therapy is used in the management of patients who require surgery for severe abdominal conditions. This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the VAWCM technique regarding short and long‐term outcomes.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central were systematically searched for studies that analyzed VAWCM therapy in OA. Primary outcomes were the complete fascial closure rate and mean duration of OA treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using R statistical software.ResultsSeven studies comprising 535 patients were included. We found a complete fascial closure rate of 77.3 per 100 patients (80.1%; 95% CI 59.6–88.7; I2 = 76%), with an overall mortality of 30.3 per 100 (33.5%; 95% CI 9.3–19.4; I2 = 78%). The pooled mean duration of OA treatment was 14.6 days (95% CI 10.7–18.6; I2 = 93%), while the mean length of hospital stay was 43.3 days (95% CI 21.2–65.3; I2 = 96%). As additional outcomes, we found an enteroatmospheric fistula rate of 5.6 per 100 patients (5.4%; 95% CI 2.3–13.3; I2 = 45%) and incisional hernia rate of 34.7 per 100 (34.6%; 95% CI 28.9–41.1; I2 = 0%). The subgroup analysis of mesh materials (polypropylene or polyglactin) showed a higher complete fascial closure rate for the polyglactin (89.1% vs. 66.6%; p = 0.02).ConclusionOur findings showed that VAWCM is a viable option for OA treatment, successfully reaching complete fascial closure, with a low duration of the technique, even though it presented a high heterogeneity between the studies.
KPZ scaling from the Krylov space
Authors: Gorsky Alexander , Nechaev Sergei , Valov Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recently, a superdiffusion exhibiting the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) scaling in late-time correlators and autocorrelators of certain interacting many-body systems, such as Heisenberg spin chains, has been reported. Inspired by these results, we explore the KPZ scaling in correlation functions using their realization in the Krylov operator basis. We focus on the Heisenberg time scale, which approximately corresponds to the ramp–plateau transition for the Krylov complexity in systems with a large but finite number degrees of freedom. Two frameworks are under consideration: i) the system with growing Lanczos coefficients and an artificial cut-off, and ii) the system with the finite Hilbert space. In both cases via numerical analysis, we observe the transition from Gaussian to KPZ-like scaling, or equivalently, the diffusion-superdiffusion transition at the critical Euclidean time $$ {t}_E^{\ast } $$

t
E
∗

= ccrK, for the Krylov chain of finite length K, and ccr = O(1). In particular, we find a scaling ~ K1/3 for fluctuations in the one-point correlation function and a dynamical scaling ~ K−2/3 associated with the return probability (Loschmidt echo) corresponding to autocorrelators in physical space. In the first case, the transition is of the 3rd order and can be considered as an example of dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT), while in the second, it is a crossover. For case ii), utilizing the relationship between the spectrum of tridiagonal matrices at the spectral edge and the spectrum of the stochastic Airy operator, we demonstrate analytically the origin of the KPZ scaling for the particular Krylov chain using the results of the probability theory. We argue that there is interesting outcome of our study for the double scaling limit of matrix models. For the case of topological gravity, the white noise term of order O (1/N) is identified, which should be taken into account in the controversial issue of ensemble averaging in 2D/1D holography.
Bosonization of 2+1 dimensional fermions on the surface of topological insulators
Authors: Cappelli Andrea , Maffi Lorenzo , Villa Riccardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional topological insulators can be described by an effective field theory involving two ‘hydrodynamic’ Abelian gauge fields. The action contains a bulk topological BF term and a surface term, called loop model. This describes the massless 2+1 dimensional excitations and provides them with a semiclassical, yet non-trivial conformal invariant dynamics. Given that topological insulators are originally fermionic, this physical setting is ideal for realizing the bosonization of massless fermions in terms of gauge fields. Building on earlier analyses of the loop model, we find that fermions belong to the solitonic spectrum and can be described by Wilson lines, through the generalization of 1+1 dimensional vertex operators. Their correlation functions agree with conformal invariance. The bosonic loop model is then mapped into a fermionic theory by using the general construction of fermionic topological phases described in the literature. It requires the identification of the characteristic one-form ℤ2 symmetry of the bosonic theory and its gauging, which originates the fermion number (−1)F, the spin sectors and the time reversal symmetry obeying $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
2 = (−1)F. These results are detailed for the effective action and the partition function on the geometry S2 × S1.
A convergent genus expansion for the plateau
Authors: Saad Phil , Stanford Douglas , Yang Zhenbin , Yao Shunyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We conjecture a formula for the spectral form factor of a double-scaled matrix integral in the limit of large time, large density of states, and fixed temperature. The formula has a genus expansion with a nonzero radius of convergence. To understand the origin of this series, we compare to the semiclassical theory of “encounters” in periodic orbits. In Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity, encounters correspond to portions of the moduli space integral that mutually cancel (in the orientable case) but individually grow at low energies. At genus one we show how the full moduli space integral resolves the low energy region and gives a finite nonzero answer.
Human coronaviruses activate and hijack the host transcription factor HSF1 to enhance viral replication
Authors: Pauciullo Silvia , Riccio Anna , Santopolo Silvia , Albecka Anna , Papa Guido , James Leo C. , Piacentini Sara , Lanzilli Giulia , Rossi Antonio , Santoro M. Gabriella 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganisms respond to proteotoxic-stress by activating the heat-shock response, a cellular defense mechanism regulated by a family of heat-shock factors (HSFs); among six human HSFs, HSF1 acts as a proteostasis guardian regulating severe stress-driven transcriptional responses. Herein we show that human coronaviruses (HCoV), both low-pathogenic seasonal-HCoVs and highly-pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants, are potent inducers of HSF1, promoting HSF1 serine-326 phosphorylation and triggering a powerful and distinct HSF1-driven transcriptional-translational response in infected cells. Despite the coronavirus-mediated shut-down of the host translational machinery, selected HSF1-target gene products, including HSP70, HSPA6 and AIRAP, are highly expressed in HCoV-infected cells. Using silencing experiments and a direct HSF1 small-molecule inhibitor we show that, intriguingly, HCoV-mediated activation of the HSF1-pathway, rather than representing a host defense response to infection, is hijacked by the pathogen and is essential for efficient progeny particles production. The results open new scenarios for the search of innovative antiviral strategies against coronavirus infections.