bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Práticas agroecológicas em operações do Projeto Rondon do Instituto Federal Sudeste de Minas Gerais – Campus Rio PombaS
Authors: Lorenzetti Emi Rainildes , Martins Rafaelly Calsavara , Araújo Wellington Luiz de Paula 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2016v13n21p3A agroecologia insere-se como nova forma de se trabalhar e pensar na relação homem e campo. A retomada da sustentabilidade agrícola aliada à intensa preocupação social são focos das práticas agroecológicas. O Instituto Federal Sudeste de Minas Gerais – Campus Rio Pomba participa desde 2009 do Projeto Rondon, para o trabalho foram consideradas as Operações de 2012 a 2014. Como componente da multidisciplinariedade e dentre os objetivos do curso de Agroecologia buscaram-se adaptar atividades as realidades locais e focadas no processo de aprendizado do acadêmico. Realizaram-se práticas de hortas escolares; atividades de plantio de culturas locais; resgate de plantas alimentícias não convencionais e medicinais; visitas a áreas rurais, entrevistas com produtores rurais; atividades com técnicas de permancultura e bioconstrução. As atividades realizadas serviram como fonte de conhecimento aos acadêmicos, proporcionando vivência em diferentes condições e fonte de troca de saberes com os habitantes locais, um dos focos da agroecologia.
Qual é a forma da Terra? Reflexões sobre uma atividade de astronomia em um curso de extensão
Authors: Chiesa Bartelmebs Roberta , Siqueira Harres Joao Batista , Ballester Michelle Mackmillan , Ikert Simone Maria Ferreira 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2016v13n22p115O presente trabalho relata a realização de duas atividades com crianças de 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental, sobre conteúdos de astronomia. Essas atividades são decorrentes de um Curso de Extensão sobre Metodologias para o ensino de astronomia nos anos iniciais. O curso ocorreu no período de março a julho e 2015, para professores da Educação Básica em um município da região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. No curso enfatizaram-se metodologias que levassem em conta as ideias dos alunos, sobre conteúdos de Astronomia, presentes no currículo dos anos iniciais da Educação Básica. Discute-se a importância de conhecer as ideias dos alunos para propor atividades didáticas condizentes com seus níveis de compreensão do conteúdo. Da mesma forma, enfatiza-se a necessidade de os professores repensarem constantemente suas práticas com relação ao ensino de ciências, especialmente nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
Ações educativas em saúde voltadas ao adolescente: um relato de experiência
Authors: Martins de Oliveira Anna Karina , Valandro Luana Patricia , Calado Ramalho dos Santo Maria Elisabete , De Alcântara Nogueira Luciana 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2016v13n23p135O presente relato de experiência é o resultado do projeto de extensão, ainda em desenvolvimento, intitulado “Ações educativas voltadas ao adolescente no contexto social e familiar”. O projeto está sendo realizado com adolescentes participantes de um programa de ação social, desenvolvido na instituição Fasc, localizada na cidade Chapecó – SC. A metodologia é composta de 5 oficinas que abordam os seguintes temas: sexualidade, gravidez na adolescência, dependência química, violência química e relacionamento familiar. Até o momento foram realizadas 3 oficinas baseadas no método diagnóstico, na qual os adolescentes elaboram perguntas referentes à temática a ser trabalhada no encontro seguinte. Estas servem de base para a composição da oficina que é trabalhada de forma dinâmica, visando atrair a atenção dos jovens. Ao final do projeto, espera-se contribuir para a formação pessoal dos adolescentes em seu contexto familiar, cultural e social. Além disso, têm-se como expectativa a ampliação dos conhecimentos científicos das acadêmicas, favorecendo futuras ações educativas em saúde.
A psicologia como mediadora na formação de jovens leitores
Authors: Fagundes Miguel de Souza Ana Cláudia , De Sousa Gibim Gabriela , Valderramas Gomes Cláudia Aparecida 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2016v13n24p153Este texto relata o trabalho realizado por graduandas de Psicologia da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis – Unesp, por meio de uma experiência de ação mediadora do contato de adolescentes com a leitura, realizada entre 2013-2014 em uma entidade assistencial. Para tanto, optou-se pela Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e por elementos da pedagogia de Paulo Freire como referências teóricas para as ações práticas: oficinas que abordaram a leitura de maneira alternativa ao modelo escolar tradicional, possibilitando a compreensão deste campo de saber por meio da relação interpessoal grupal. Os resultados desta experiência indicam que a Psicologia pode contribuir como mediadora em espaços educativos valorizando e enriquecendo a relação com esse elemento fundamental da cultura humana que é a leitura. Outrossim, reitera-se a importância de o psicólogo conhecer as limitações das práticas escolares tradicionais, que têm comprometido a formação crítica dos estudantes, de modo a poder contribuir para a mudança desse quadro.
On Parasitism and Overflow in Nietzsche's Doctrine of Will to Power
Authors: Dill Matt 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this article I offer a new interpretation of Nietzsche's doctrine of will to power by treating its relation to an often neglected conceptual distinction in Nietzsche's philosophy: the distinction between (a) parasitism and (b) overflow. I show that Nietzsche treats (a) and (b) as two different ways of willing power, but with an important qualification: (a) is always a means to (b), which is the real aim of power. Because (b) is conceived of as the real aim of power, it serves as Nietzsche's standard for evaluating the degree of power attained by beings and their actions. The more that a being or activity attains (b), the greater is its power and rank according to Nietzsche.
Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present‐day and preindustrial atmospheres
Authors: Gordon Hamish , Kirkby Jasper , Baltensperger Urs , Bianchi Federico , Breitenlechner Martin , Curtius Joachim , Dias Antonio , Dommen Josef , Donahue Neil M. , Dunne Eimear M. , Duplissy Jonathan , Ehrhart Sebastian , Flagan Richard C. , Frege Carla , Fuchs Claudia , Hansel Armin , Hoyle Christopher R. , Kulmala Markku , Kürten Andreas , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Makhmutov Vladimir , Molteni Ugo , Rissanen Matti P. , Stozkhov Yuri , Tröstl Jasmin , Tsagkogeorgas Georgios , Wagner Robert , Williamson Christina , Wimmer Daniela , Winkler Paul M. , Yan Chao , Carslaw Ken S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNew particle formation has been estimated to produce around half of cloud‐forming particles in the present‐day atmosphere, via gas‐to‐particle conversion. Here we assess the importance of new particle formation (NPF) for both the present‐day and the preindustrial atmospheres. We use a global aerosol model with parametrizations of NPF from previously published CLOUD chamber experiments involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, organic molecules, and ions. We find that NPF produces around 67% of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2% supersaturation (CCN0.2%) at the level of low clouds in the preindustrial atmosphere (estimated uncertainty range 45–84%) and 54% in the present day (estimated uncertainty range 38–66%). Concerning causes, we find that the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in NPF and CCN formation is greater than previously thought. Removing BVOCs and hence all secondary organic aerosol from our model reduces low‐cloud‐level CCN concentrations at 0.2% supersaturation by 26% in the present‐day atmosphere and 41% in the preindustrial. Around three quarters of this reduction is due to the tiny fraction of the oxidation products of BVOCs that have sufficiently low volatility to be involved in NPF and early growth. Furthermore, we estimate that 40% of preindustrial CCN0.2% are formed via ion‐induced NPF, compared with 27% in the present day, although we caution that the ion‐induced fraction of NPF involving BVOCs is poorly measured at present. Our model suggests that the effect of changes in cosmic ray intensity on CCN is small and unlikely to be comparable to the effect of large variations in natural primary aerosol emissions.
C
ovington,
S
tephanie
S.
Authors: Sharp Susan F. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Stephanie Covington is a pioneer in gender‐responsive and trauma‐informed substance abuse treatment for women. She is a highly respected clinician, author, and consultant in the field of addiction and has provided consultation and support to many correctional agencies across the country. She has developed numerous books and programs for use by addiction professionals. She directs the Institute for Relational Development and co‐directs the Center for Gender and Justice.
Prisoners' Rights
Authors: Ravagnani Luisa , Policek Nicoletta 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Human rights are the rights people have by virtue of their humanity. They are inalienable, independent of obligation, undefined by role, and unconditional on status or circumstances. The condition of deprivation of liberty as a result of committing a criminal offense is, however, one of the instances in which the protection of human rights appears to be controversial in its applications. This is because the most contentious issue rests with the fact that anyone convicted of a crime, or being held on remand pending trial, will not be able to avail themselves of the full extent of the rights currently on the law books, or be protected by existing legal mechanisms. Such protections are contained within intersecting regional agreements, for example, the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights, and the European Convention on Human Rights. Their application, however, is relatively independent, with the result that prisoners incarcerated in different regions of the world can suffer dissimilar protection of the same rights.
N
orthwestern
J
uvenile
P
roject
Authors: Azores‐Gococo Nicole M. , Teplin Linda A. , Abram Karen M. , Welty Leah J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Each day, almost 18,000 youth are detained in the US juvenile justice system. Accurate epidemiologic data on mental health needs of juvenile detainees are crucial to inform policy development in juvenile justice and community mental health systems. The Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP) is a federally funded, prospective longitudinal study of mental health needs and outcomes of juvenile detainees as they age into adulthood. The NJP's sample is a diverse group of 1,829 youth arrested and detained between 1995 and 1998, when they were aged 10–18 years, in Cook County, Illinois, which includes Chicago and its surrounding suburbs. The NJP has been funded to conduct 13 waves of follow‐up interviews over 16 years since the youth were detained. Data are drawn from interviews and record data from correctional and service agencies. The NJP's findings indicate that detained youth have a high level of need for services and provide data to guide public policy.
Juvenile Reformatories
Authors: Monell Jack S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Since the beginning of the Child Savers Movement during the 1800s, there was a growing need to address wayward youth in a manner that was viewed more as reform as opposed to harsh punishment. The creation of juvenile reformatories, often referred to as reform, industrial, or training schools was the United States' first steps at addressing this population. Reformatories are penal institutions known to assist offenders in correcting their prior deviant behaviors through various types of correctional programming. Juvenile reformatories, specifically, are institutions used to provide juveniles structured, corrective treatment and programming to prepare them to live healthy and productive lives as they mature into adulthood. Notwithstanding controversy about how reformatories were operated, these institutions have evolved to address the changing issues and concerns presented by adolescents and practitioners charged with ensuring the proper administration of rehabilitation and justice.
Meditation Programs
Authors: Kerrison Erin M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Some contemporary correctional facilities offer one of three kinds of meditative programs: transcendental meditation, mindfulness‐based stress reduction, and in‐facility Vipassana retreats. These rehabilitative efforts are transformative and seek to develop individual‐based self‐mastery. Inmates and prison staff report that participation in meditation programs enhances positive emotional states, develops a mechanism through which individuals can manage psychologically negative emotions, and builds a platform upon which a person can recognize their agency and potential to integrate into prosocial spaces. Consequently, prison meditation programs enhance inmate health, prison personnel well‐being, and institutional order, and promote positive re‐entry outcomes.
Juvenile Life Sentences
Authors: Giustina Jo‐Ann Della 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough the US Supreme Court ruled in 2012 that it is unconstitutional to sentence a juvenile to a mandatory sentence without the possibility of parole for a murder she or he committed before the age of 18 (Millerv.AlabamaandJacksonv.Hobbs,132 U.S. 2455 (2012)), more than 2,000 juveniles continue to serve a life sentence without the possibility of parole. Before a lifetime sentence without parole can be imposed, an individualized hearing is required to evaluate the unique mitigating characteristics of the juvenile. Further, the Supreme Court did not apply itsMillerdecision retroactively. Instead it left that issue to the states to decide. While some states have applied it retroactively, other states have ruled that juveniles who previously were sentenced to life without parole will not be resentenced.
Contraband, Including Weapons
Authors: Gibson Camille 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Contraband refers to items that are prohibited in a correctional facility whether these items are otherwise legal or illegal to have. It includes legal items in excess of the allowed quantities. These items are prohibited in the interest of the safety and well‐being of inmates and correctional staff. Searches for these items are called “shakedowns.” Of particular concern are items that might be used for escapes such as tools, and weapons that could cause severe injury or death. Contraband enters largely through visitors, guests, contractors, and correctional staff.
Methods of Execution
Authors: Crawford Brandon L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExecution as a form of punishment was codified as early as the Code of Hammurabi in the eighteenth centurybc. Although many countries have abandoned the death penalty, there is an extensive history of state sponsored executions that utilized various methods. In the twentieth century alone executions were carried out through methods such as beheading, electrocution, hanging, lethal gas, lethal injection, shooting, and stoning. The transition from one method to the next has been motivated by issues such as economic savings, a search for a more humane method, efficiency, and even the promotion of a product (see the section on electrocution). Current discourse on the death penalty often centers on the current methods of execution. As of 2014, execution is a legal punishment in 32 states of the United States as well as for the US government and the US military with the majority using lethal injection.
N
ew
Z
ealand, Corrections in
Authors: Polaschek Devon L. L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
New Zealand's correctional system is characterized by both a longstanding tendency to punitiveness that results in very high rates of community‐based and imprisonment sentences, and the application of both rational and empirically supported strategies to counteract this tendency. The latter include improved targeting of custodial sanctions, including indefinite incapacitation, to those deemed to pose an unacceptable risk to society, and the provision of a range of rehabilitation and reintegration programs for other higher risk offenders. New Zealand's indigenous Māori people are severely overrepresented throughout the criminal justice system, and strategies to remediate this disparity have not yet proved effective.
N
orway, Corrections in
Authors: Ugelvik Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Internationally, the Scandinavian correctional services are frequently used as examples of decent, humane, and well‐functioning systems. This entry provides an introduction to the Norwegian prison and probation system. It presents a selection of key statistical figures to provide an overview of the system, and explains some of its fundamental principles and policies. Recent developments and critical perspectives are discussed. Finally, the “Scandinavian exceptionalism” thesis is presented.
Life Sentences
Authors: Cox M. Chris 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the United States, sentences to confinement for life are typically reserved for those crimes deemed by policymakers to be the most heinous. The issue has contributed to growing concern considering the significant increase in the number of incarcerated inmates and of life sentences imposed by the courts. Depending on the jurisdiction (e.g., state versus federal), the jury or judge is responsible for imposing sentences. Some jurisdictions distinguish between a life sentence without the possibility of parole, a natural life sentence, and a life sentence with the possibility of parole. Others do not. Those sentenced to life without the possibility of parole must serve the rest of their natural lives in prison.
Intermediate Sanctions
Authors: Whitehead Stephanie N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntermediate sanctions are forms of criminal punishment that are less restrictive than total confinement in prisons and jails, but more intensive and focused than probation. There are many types currently in use. Intermediate sanctions are premised on the idea that some high‐risk offenders can be appropriately dealt with in the community. Little empirical evidence exists in support of the effectiveness of intermediate sanction programs. Scholars point to the lack of adequate funding, staffing, and inappropriate application of intermediate sanctions as primary reasons for this ineffectiveness.
L
ouisiana
S
tate
P
enitentiary
Authors: Bricker Todd 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Louisiana State Penitentiary, also known as Angola, is the oldest and largest maximum security prison in the United States. The prison houses more than 5,000 inmates and is operated by approximately 1,600 staff members. The prison grounds consist of 18,000 acres of land, part of which was the nineteenth century Angola Plantation. The prison has undergone many renovations and new construction since its inception. Its history is plagued with corruption and brutality. Some of the prison's many nicknames include “The Farm,” “Alcatraz of the South,” and “The Bloodiest Prison in America.”
Inmate Code
Authors: Ortiz Jennifer Marie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe inmate code, also known as the convict code or the prisoner code, is a set of informal rules and values among inmates that regulates individual behavior and interactions. This entry discusses the main tenets of the inmate code, varying perspectives on the origins of the inmate code, and the effect of policy on the inmate code, and discusses directions for future research on the code.
Behavior Therapy
Authors: Jeong Seokjin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSince the latter half of the twentieth century, behavior therapy has become a dominant approach to correctional treatment in the United States and many other nations. Most behavioral therapy approaches target offenders' predictive criminogenic factors, including attitudes, coping strategies, and problem‐solving skills. Although there is growing popularity of cognitive behavioral therapy for both adults and juveniles, the therapeutic approach has become increasingly popular for juvenile offenders. Much prior research is generally supportive of the idea that therapeutic behavioral approaches are effective in reducing recidivism.
M
acao, Corrections in
Authors: De Li Spencer , Ye Jiayin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
As a former Portuguese colony and a special administrative region of China, Macao has developed a unique and independent criminal justice system. The overall purpose of the correctional system is to punish criminal behavior, while providing treatment to offenders to facilitate rehabilitation and reintegration into the community. Historically, the three branches of the correctional system, which includes Macao Prison, the Department of Social Rehabilitation, and the Correctional Institution, operated fairly independently from one another. After the transfer of sovereignty over the territory to China, however, there has been an elevated level of cooperation among the three institutions for the unified purpose of providing adequate supervision and treatment to adult and juvenile offenders.
Clinical usefulness of MLCs in robotic radiosurgery systems for prostate SBRT
Authors: Tomida Masashi , Kamomae Takeshi , Suzuki Junji , Ohashi Yoichi , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Oguchi Hiroshi , Okuda Takahito 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using recently introduced multileaf collimators (MLC) is preferred over circular collimators in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of MLCs in prostate SBRT by comparing the effectiveness of treatment plans using fixed collimators, variable collimators, and MLCs and by ensuring delivery quality assurance (DQA) for each. For each patient who underwent conventional radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer, mock SBRT plans were created using a fixed collimator, a variable collimator, and an MLC. The total MUs, treatment times, and dose–volume histograms of the planning target volumes and organs at risk for each treatment plan were compared. For DQA, a phantom with a radiochromic film or an ionization chamber was irradiated in each plan. We performed gamma‐index analysis to evaluate the consistency between the measured and calculated doses. The MLC‐based plans had an ~27% lower average total MU than the plans involving other collimators. Moreover, the average estimated treatment time for the MLC plan was 31% and 20% shorter than that for the fixed and variable collimator plans respectively. The gamma‐index passing rate in the DQA using film measurements was slightly lower for the MLC than for the other collimators. The DQA results acquired using the ionization chamber showed that the discrepancies between the measured and calculated doses were within 3% in all cases. The results reinforce the usefulness of MLCs in robotic radiosurgery for prostrate SBRT treatment planning; most notably, the total MU and treatment time were both reduced compared to the cases using other types of collimators. Moreover, although the DQA results based on film dosimetry yielded a slightly lower gamma‐index passing rate for the MLC than for the other collimators, the MLC accuracy was determined to be sufficient for clinical use.