bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Hard X-Ray Source Dominating the E > 25 keV Emission of the Nearby Galaxy M31
Authors: Yukita M. , Ptak A. , Hornschemeier A. E. , Wik D. , Maccarone T. J. , Pottschmidt K. , Zezas A. , Antoniou V. , Ballhausen R. , Lehmer B. D. , Lien A. , Williams B. , Baganoff F. , Boyd P. T. , Enoto T. , Kennea J. , Page K. L. , Choi Y. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We report the identification of a bright hard X-ray source dominating the M31 bulge above 25 keV from a simultaneous NuSTAR–Swift observation. We find that this source is the counterpart to Swift J0042.6+4112, which was previously detected in the Swift BAT All-sky Hard X-ray Survey. This Swift BAT source had been suggested to be the combined emission from a number of point sources; our new observations have identified a single X-ray source from 0.5 to 50 keV as the counterpart for the first time. In the 0.5–10 keV band, the source had been classified as an X-ray Binary candidate in various Chandra and XMM-Newton studies; however, since it was not clearly associated with Swift J0042.6+4112, the previous E < 10 keV observations did not generate much attention. This source has a spectrum with a soft X-ray excess (kT ∼ 0.2 keV) plus a hard spectrum with a power law of

and a cutoff around 15–20 keV, typical of the spectral characteristics of accreting pulsars. Unfortunately, any potential pulsation was undetected in the NuSTAR data, possibly due to insufficient photon statistics. The existing deep HST images exclude high-mass (>3

) donors at the location of this source. The best interpretation for the nature of this source is an X-ray pulsar with an intermediate-mass (<3

) companion or a symbiotic X-ray binary. We discuss other possibilities in more detail.
The 2014 X-Ray Minimum of η Carinae as Seen by Swift
Authors: Corcoran M. F. , Liburd J. , Morris D. , Russell C. M. P. , Hamaguchi K. , Gull T. R. , Madura T. I. , Teodoro M. , Moffat A. F. J. , Richardson N. D. , Hillier D. J. , Damineli A. , Groh J. H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We report on Swift X-ray Telescope observations of Eta Carinae (η Car), an extremely massive, long-period, highly eccentric binary obtained during the 2014.6 X-ray minimum/periastron passage. These observations show that η Car may have been particularly bright in X-rays going into the X-ray minimum state, while the duration of the 2014 X-ray minimum was intermediate between the extended minima seen in 1998.0 and 2003.5 by Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), and the shorter minimum in 2009.0. The hardness ratios derived from the Swift observations showed a relatively smooth increase to a peak value occurring 40.5 days after the start of the X-ray minimum, though these observations cannot reliably measure the X-ray hardness during the deepest part of the X-ray minimum when contamination by the “central constant emission” component is significant. By comparing the timings of the RXTE and Swift observations near the X-ray minima, we derive an updated X-ray period of P
X = 2023.7 ± 0.7 days, in good agreement with periods derived from observations at other wavelengths, and we compare the X-ray changes with variations in the He ii 4686 emission. The middle of the “Deep Minimum” interval, as defined by the Swift column density variations, is in good agreement with the time of periastron passage derived from the He ii
λ4686 line variations.
Relativistic Dynamics and Mass Exchange in Binary Black Hole Mini-disks
Authors: Bowen Dennis B. , Campanelli Manuela , Krolik Julian H. , Mewes Vassilios , Noble Scott C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present the first exploration of gas dynamics in a relativistic binary black hole (BH) system in which an accretion disk (a “mini-disk”) orbits each BH. We focus on 2D hydrodynamical studies of comparable-mass, non-spinning systems. Relativistic effects alter the dynamics of gas in this environment in several ways. Because the gravitational potential between the two BHs becomes shallower than in the Newtonian regime, the mini-disks stretch toward the L1 point and the amount of gas passing back and forth between the mini disks increases sharply with decreasing binary separation. This “sloshing” is quasi-periodically modulated at 2 and 2.75 times the binary orbital frequency, corresponding to timescales of hours to days for supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs). In addition, relativistic effects add an m = 1 component to the tidally driven spiral waves in the disks that are purely m = 2 in Newtonian gravity; this component becomes dominant when the separation is ≲100 gravitational radii. Both the sloshing and the spiral waves have the potential to create distinctive radiation features that may uniquely mark SMBBHs in the relativistic regime.
The Warm Circumgalactic Medium: 105−6 K Gas Associated with a Single Galaxy Halo or with an Entire Group of Galaxies?
Authors: Stocke John T. , Keeney Brian A. , Danforth Charles W. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Pratt Cameron T. , Berlind Andreas A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In preparation for a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observing project using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS), the positions of all AGN targets having high-S/N far-UV G130M spectra were cross-correlated with a large catalog of low-redshift galaxy groups homogenously selected from the spectroscopic sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Searching for targets behind only those groups at z = 0.1–0.2 (which places the O vi doublet in the wavelength region of peak COS sensitivity), we identified only one potential

target, FBQS 1010+3003. An O vi-only absorber was found in its G130M spectrum at z = 0.11326, close to the redshift of a foreground small group of luminous galaxies at z = 0.11685. Because there is no associated Lyα absorption, any characterization of this absorber is necessarily minimal; however, the O vi detection likely traces “warm” gas in collisional ionization equilibrium at T ≈ 3 × 105 K. While this discovery is consistent with being interface gas between cooler, photoionized clouds and a hotter intra-group medium, it could also be warm, interface gas associated with the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the single closest galaxy. In this case, a detailed analysis of the galaxy distribution (complete to

) strongly favors the individual galaxy association. This analysis highlights the necessity of both high-

COS data and a deep galaxy redshift survey of the region in order to test more rigorously the association of O vi-absorbing gas with a galaxy group. A Cycle 23 HST/COS program is currently targeting 10 UV-bright AGN behind 12 low-redshift galaxy groups to test the warm, group gas hypothesis.
The Role of Cerenkov Radiation in the Pressure Balance of Cool Core Clusters of Galaxies
Authors: Lieu Richard 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Despite the substantial progress made recently in understanding the role of AGN feedback and associated non-thermal effects, the precise mechanism that prevents the core of some clusters of galaxies from collapsing catastrophically by radiative cooling remains unidentified. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the evolution of a cluster's cooling core, in terms of its density, temperature, and magnetic field strength, inevitably enables the plasma electrons there to quickly become Cerenkov loss dominated, with emission at the radio frequency of ≲350 Hz, and with a rate considerably exceeding free–free continuum and line emission. However, the same does not apply to the plasmas at the cluster's outskirts, which lacks such radiation. Owing to its low frequency, the radiation cannot escape, but because over the relevant scale size of a Cerenkov wavelength the energy of an electron in the gas cannot follow the Boltzmann distribution to the requisite precision to ensure reabsorption always occurs faster than stimulated emission, the emitting gas cools before it reheats. This leaves behind the radiation itself, trapped by the overlying reflective plasma, yet providing enough pressure to maintain quasi-hydrostatic equilibrium. The mass condensation then happens by Rayleigh–Taylor instability, at a rate determined by the outermost radius where Cerenkov radiation can occur. In this way, it is possible to estimate the rate at ≈2 M
⊙ year−1, consistent with observational inference. Thus, the process appears to provide a natural solution to the longstanding problem of “cooling flow” in clusters; at least it offers another line of defense against cooling and collapse should gas heating by AGN feedback be inadequate in some clusters.
Neurocognitive Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Youth: Investigating the Relationship with Immune Activation
Authors: Eckard Allison Ross , Rosebush Julia C , O'Riordan Mary Ann , Graves Chanda C , Alexander Ashley , Grover Anita K , Lee S Thera , Habib Jakob G , Ruff Joshua H , Chahroudi Ann , McComsey Grace A 
Published: March 2017

Background HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of neurocognitive impairment compared to the general population. Studies suggest that, despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV infection causes immune activation which results in neural damage; however, few data exist in HIV-infected youth. Methods HIV-infected youth 8–26-years-old on cART with virological suppression were prospectively enrolled along with healthy controls. Neurocognitive performance was assessed by age-appropriate Wechsler Intelligence Scales. Soluble and cellular markers of T-lymphocyte and monocyte activation were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Results 45 HIV-infected subjects and 21 controls were enrolled. Markers of T-cell and monocyte activation were higher in the HIV-infected subjects compared to controls, but proportions of inflammatory and patrolling monocytes were similar. Although there were no significant differences in neurocognitive scores between the HIV-infected and control groups, scores were low-average for four of five testing domains for the HIV-infected subjects and average for all five in the controls, and % of HIV-infected subjects with scores classified as ‘low average’ or below was higher than in the controls. Variables most associated with neurocognitive performance among HIV-infected subjects included activated CD4+ T-cells (% CD4+CD38+HLA-DR), monocyte activation (soluble CD14), HIV duration, age and sex. Conclusions HIV-infected youth on cART with virological suppression show subtle evidence of neurocognitive impairment compared to healthy controls, and increased immune activation appears to play a role. Additional studies are needed to develop strategic interventions beyond cART to potentially improve neurocognitive performance and/or minimize further impairment in this vulnerable population. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01523496.
Peramivir Susceptibilities of Recombinant Influenza A and B Variants Selected with Various Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Authors: Fage Clément , Tu Véronique , Carbonneau Julie , Abed Yacine , Boivin Guy 
Published: March 2017

Background Peramivir is a parenteral neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) approved for treating influenza infections in a few countries. We determined peramivir susceptibilities of several uncharacterized influenza A and B neuraminidase (NA) and haemagglutinin (HA) mutants selected with different NAIs. Methods Recombinant wild-type (WT) and mutant NA proteins were expressed in 293T cells and susceptibility to peramivir, oseltamivir and zanamivir was determined by NA inhibition assay using the MUNANA substrate. Recombinant/reassortant influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B HA mutants were rescued by reverse genetics and assessed by plaque size or viral yield assays for drug susceptibility. Results Recombinant R152K, I222K/T, G248R+I266V, Q312R+I427T and R371K (A[H1N1]pdm09); E41G, 1222L/V, Q226H and S247P (A[H3N2]) and D198Y, A246D/S/T and G402S (B) mutant NA proteins (N2 numbering) were analysed. Peramivir exhibited the lowest IC50 values against both influenza A and B WT NAs. Peramivir and oseltamivir generally shared similar phenotypes. Of note, peramivir retained activity against I222K/T (A[H1N1]pdm09), I222L/V (A[H3N2]) and A246T (B) mutants, which had reduced inhibition (RI) or highly RI (HRI) against oseltamivir. Cross-RI/HRI against the three NAIs was observed for R152K, R371K and Q312R+I427T (A[H1N1]pdm09); S247P (A[H3N2]) and D198Y (B) mutants. All tested recombinant/reassortant R208K (A/ Puerto Rico/8/34 [H1N1]); A28T, R124M and K189E (A/ Victoria/3/75 [H3N2]) and T139N (B/Phuket/3073/13) HA mutants were susceptible to peramivir in cell culture experiments. Conclusions Peramivir is highly active against seasonal influenza subtypes. Although peramivir and oseltamivir generally share similar phenotypes, peramivir still possesses activity against some variants with RI/HRI against oseltamivir. Finally, NAI-induced HA substitutions alone did not significantly impact NAI susceptibility.
Déploiement de la RSE dans les projets événementiels, une analyse à partir de la théorie de l’acteur-réseau
Authors: Clergeau Cécile , Paulus Krystel 
Published: March 2017

Cette recherche propose de s’appuyer sur la théorie de l’acteur-réseau pour comprendre les démarches RSE dans l’évènementiel, démarches que nous considérons comme un processus de traduction. Elle s’appuie sur une étude de cas : celui d’une société d’économie mixte, regroupant un centre de congrès et un parc d’expositions, qui s’est engagée dans une démarche RSE. L’analyse a porté sur cette démarche et l’éco-socio-conception d’un des salons organisés. Notre étude se focalise sur le processus de traduction de la RSE dans l’entreprise considérée et au sein du réseau des parties prenantes du salon. Nous analysons les modalités de la conduite du changement induit par la démarche RSE dans le cadre inter-organisationnel de l’événement et mettons en avant les controverses soulevées.
Un exemple de démarche qualité dans l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues : le Label international de l’université Lille 1
Authors: Schafier Janine 
Published: March 2017

Le projet Label international a été lancé officiellement en septembre 2011 à l’université Lille1, dans un contexte favorable à sa création, après un travail de plusieurs années passées à sa conception et à sa mise en œuvre. Ce dispositif, inscrit dans la démarche qualité de l’établissement et qui a reçu le label européen des langues en 2012, vise à valoriser les compétences linguistiques, la mobilité et l’ouverture interculturelle d’étudiants non spécialistes issus de formations à dominante scientifique. Intégré au projet d’établissement de l’université, il s’adresse à tous les étudiants de la 2ème année de licence au doctorat et justifie d’un positionnement de niveau B2 sur l’échelle du Cadre européen de référence pour les langues (CECRL) prérequis pour candidater. Décliné en deux niveaux validables séparément, l’obtention de ce label repose sur la validation de trois critères : l’acquisition d’une certification externe en langue étrangère (B2 ou C1), une mobilité à l’étranger (stage ou études), ainsi que la validation d’un module de communication interculturelle enseigné en anglais. Dans le cadre de la création de l’université de Lille prévue en 2018, ce label sera accessible aux étudiants des établissements partenaires, et pourra être intégré à l’annexe descriptive au diplôme dite supplément au diplôme1
The effect of stressed economic conditions on operational risk loss distributions
Authors: Esterhuysen Ja'nel , Van Vuuren Gary , Styger Paul 
Published: March 2017

The depth and duration of the credit crisis has highlighted a number of problems in modern finance. Banks have been accused of excessive risk taking, rating agencies of severe conflicts of interest, central banks of neglecting the inflation of asset price bubbles and national supervisors of lax regulatory controls. Credit and market losses have been considerable. Operational losses have also surged as surviving corporates merge or acquire less fortunate ones without the requisite controls. Furthermore, as more jobs get made redundant it is believed that people are getting forced to play their hand to get involved in internal fraud as their sources of income has dried up drastically and stealing from the institution seems to be their last resort.. The main objective of this paper is to establish if there has been a changed in the nature of operational risk with regards to the number of operational losses as well as their impact pre and during the crisis. The way in which operational losses have been affected will be presented and a comparison will be made between operational loss characteristics pre and during the crisis. Some of the main findings of this paper were that operational losses shown little change in frequency, but shown a significant increase in severity, meaning that their financial impact has been more severe during the crisis. Therefore it is quite safe to say that the financial crisis most defiantly had an impact on operational risk as the impact of operational losses became much more severe
Why do shareholders require corporate environmental disclosure?
Authors: De Villiers Charl , Van Staden Chris 
Published: March 2017

We do a survey of individual shareholders' corporate environmental disclosure needs. We find that South African shareholders require companies to disclose the following specific environmental information:• Environmental risks and impacts,• Environmental policy,• Measurable environmental targets,• Performance against targets,• Environmental costs disclosed separately, and• An independent environmental audit report.Shareholders prefer this information in a separate section of the annual report and on company websites. Shareholders want such disclosure to be prescribed by law and/or stock exchange rules. The most popular reason why they want environmental information disclosed, is to hold companies accountable for their environmental stewardship. A high percentage of shareholders also indicate that they want disclosure, because they are concerned about climate change. These findings imply that legislators and standard setters may have to consider changing disclosure laws and standards.
Application of Electronic Algorithms to Improve Diagnostic Evaluation for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Murphy Daniel R. , Meyer Ashley N.D. , Vaghani Viralkumar , Russo Elise , Sittig Dean F. , Richards Kyle A. , Wei Li , Wu Louis , Singh Hardeep 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Background: Strategies to ensure timely diagnostic evaluation of hematuria are needed to reduce delays in bladder cancer diagnosis.
Objective: To evaluate the performance of electronic trigger algorithms to detect delays in hematuria follow-up.
Methods: We developed a computerized trigger to detect delayed follow-up action on a urinalysis result with high-grade hematuria (>50 red blood cells/high powered field). The trigger scanned clinical data within a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) national data repository to identify all patient records with hematuria, then excluded those where follow-up was unnecessary (e.g., terminal illness) or where typical follow-up action was detected (e.g., cystoscopy). We manually reviewed a randomly-selected sample of flagged records to confirm delays. We performed a similar analysis of records with hematuria that were marked as not delayed (non-triggered). We used review findings to calculate trigger performance.
Results: Of 310,331 patients seen between 1/1/2012-12/31/2014, the trigger identified 5,857 patients who experienced high-grade hematuria, of which 495 experienced a delay. On manual review of 400 randomly-selected triggered records and 100 non-triggered records, the trigger achieved positive and negative predictive values of 58% and 97%, respectively.
Conclusions: Triggers offer a promising method to detect delays in care of patients with high-grade hematuria and warrant further evaluation in clinical practice as a means to reduce delays in bladder cancer diagnosis.
Rechtstreekse vergoeding van afgeleide schade van een vennoot in een personenvennootschap
Authors: Oosterink T.D.J. 
Published: March 2017

Rechtstreekse vergoeding van afgeleide schade van een vennoot in een personenvennootschap
Schade aan het vermogen van een personenvennootschap heeft voor de individuele vennoten zowel rechtstreekse als afgeleide schade tot gevolg. De auteur onderzoekt hoe dit zit en of individuele vennoten die beide schadesoorten buiten de personenvennootschap om op de schadetoebrenger kunnen verhalen. Hij doet dit naar aanleiding van lagere rechtspraak en in het licht van het Poot/ABP-arrest.
Técnicas de criatividade como meio facilitador do processo criativo nas organizações
Authors: Pinheiro Cristiano Max Pereira , Schreiber Dusan , Haubert Bruna 
Published: March 2017

Resumo Na efervescência da valorização do indivíduo, o desenvolvimento econômico tem sido associado à contribuição da criatividade nas organizações. Algumas técnicas de processos criativos se evidenciam como facilitadoras no âmbito organizacional. Neste contexto, o artigo tem como objetivo apresentar técnicas de criatividade utilizadas no meio organizacional para desenvolvimento de ideias. Para atender a esse objetivo, adotou-se o método exploratório e descritivo e como procedimento técnico optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultado evidenciou-se a importância do ser humano como ator principal nos processos criativos, e percebeu-se que sem o envolvimento das pessoas, as técnicas não geram resultados per se.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA SOBRE OS GRUPOS DE GESTANTES
Authors: Teixeira Joice Ane , Soares Marilu Correa , Escobal Ana Paula de Lima , Gonçalves Kamila Dias , Matos Greice Carvalho de , Silva Bruna Madruga Pires da , Rocha Katia Da Silva 
Published: March 2017

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica sobre os grupos de gestantes na atenção ao pré-natal, parto e puerpério. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa descritiva, realizado em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil, nos meses de abril e maio de 2015. Os participantes do estudo foram 13 profissionais graduados da equipe de saúde. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: o estudo apontou que os profissionais de saúde foram unânimes em reconhecer o trabalho com grupos de gestantes como uma atividade relevante e proveitosa e referiram que não tiveram suporte teórico-prático durante a formação acadêmica para o desenvolvimento da prática educativa com grupos. Considerações finais: o trabalho com grupos de gestantes foi reconhecido pelos profissionais de saúde como importante ferramenta na atenção ao pré-natal, parto e puerpério. Descritores: Atenção Primária a Saúde; Gestantes; Saúde da Mulher; Promoção da Saúde.