bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language impairment in Turkish-speaking children
Authors: Topbaş Seyhun , Güven Selçuk , Uysal Ayşe Aydın , Kazanoğlu Deniz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Little research to date has focused on the morphological characteristics in children with specific language impairment in Turkish. The aim of this chapter is first to provide brief information about the extent of research conducted in this area in Turkey and then to present in detail several morphological difficulties observed in clinical case files of Turkish-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI) in order to contribute to the discussion concerning the assessment of these children. Our analyses suggest that, given their age, children with SLI used fewer morphemes, short utterances and made more specific morphological errors than typically developing peers. In general terms, the clinical picture of children showed slow and highly delayed language developments that persisted with grammatical errors.
Language development in Turkish-speaking children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Tek Saime 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Impairments in many aspects of communication and language have been widely reported among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, there is a dearth of research in language development among these children in languages other than English. Studying language profiles of children with ASD in other languages is imperative, because any similarities or differences, especially between structurally different languages, can potentially contribute to a better understanding of universal principles or language-specific properties. In this regard, this chapter summarizes language development in English-speaking children with ASD in three major areas – pragmatics, lexicon/semantics, and morphology/syntax – followed by a summary of some recent studies in Turkish-speaking children with ASD.
L2 children do not fluctuate
Authors: Chondrogianni Vasiliki , Marinis Theodoros 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this study, we examined whether Turkish-speaking child L2 learners of English omitted or substituted indefinite articles in a production task that comprised a referential specific and a non-referential predicational semantic context. We also examined the source of children’s errors using a self-paced listening task where children heard grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with indefinite articles present or omitted. L2 children’s performance was compared with that of an age-matched English-speaking L1 group and a younger L1 group. Results showed that all groups distinguished between the two semantic contexts in both tasks. Although children primarily omitted articles, in the on-line processing task, all groups detected the ungrammaticality related to article omission. We interpret these results within the Missing Surface Inflection and Feature Reassembly hypotheses.
Changes in the bacterial community in the fermentation process of kôso, a Japanese sugar-vegetable fermented beverage
Authors: Chiou Tai-Ying , Suda Wataru , Oshima Kenshiro , Hattori Masahira , Takahashi Tomoya 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Kôso is a Japanese fermented beverage made with over 20 kinds of vegetables, mushrooms, and sugars. The changes in the bacterial population of kôso during fermentation at 25 °C over a period of 10 days were studied using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The analysis detected 224 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) clustered from 8 DNA samples collected on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 from two fermentation batches. Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum in the starting community, but were replaced by Firmicutes within three days. Seventy-eight genera were identified from the 224 OTUs, in which Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, and Lactobacillus dominated, accounting for over 96% of the total bacterial population after three days’ fermentation. UniFrac–Principal Coordinate Analysis of longitudinal fermented samples revealed dramatic changes in the bacterial community in kôso, resulting in significantly low diversity at the end of fermentation as compared with the complex starting community.
What World Price?
Authors: Jamora Nelissa , von Cramon‐Taubadel Stephan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe analyze price relationships on international rice markets from 2000 to 2013 and provide an overview of price transmission between fourteen international reference prices and 268 domestic prices from fifty‐eight countries. The results confirm that international rice markets are heterogeneous and export prices for indica rice in Vietnam are linked to the largest number of rice markets worldwide. There is also evidence of changes in the dynamics of rice price transmission from international to domestic markets after 2008. Future studies on price transmission should consider international reference prices that are appropriate for different quality segments and groups of rice importers.
Oral Vancomycin Followed by Fecal Transplantation Versus Tapering Oral Vancomycin Treatment for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hota Susy S , Sales Valerie , Tomlinson George , Salpeter Mary Jane , McGeer Allison , Coburn Bryan , Guttman David S , Low Donald E , Poutanen Susan M 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Fecal transplantation (FT) is a promising treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but its true effectiveness remains unknown. We compared 14 days of oral vancomycin followed by a single FT by enema with oral vancomycin taper (standard of care) in adult patients experiencing acute recurrence of CDI.

Methods
In a phase 2/3, single-center, open-label trial, participants from Ontario, Canada, experiencing recurrence of CDI were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 14 days of oral vancomycin treatment followed by a single 500-mL FT by enema, or a 6-week taper of oral vancomycin. Patients with significant immunocompromise, history of fulminant CDI, or irreversible bleeding disorders were excluded. The primary endpoint was CDI recurrence within 120 days. Microbiota analysis was performed on fecal filtrate from donors and stool samples from FT recipients, as available.

Results
The study was terminated at the interim analysis after randomizing 30 patients. Nine of 16 (56.2%) patients who received FT and 5 of 12 (41.7%) in the vancomycin taper group experienced recurrence of CDI, corresponding with symptom resolution in 43.8% and 58.3%, respectively. Fecal microbiota analysis of 3 successful FT recipients demonstrated increased diversity. A futility analysis did not support continuing the study. Adverse events were similar in both groups and uncommon.

Conclusions
In patients experiencing an acute episode of recurrent CDI, a single FT by enema was not significantly different from oral vancomycin taper in reducing recurrent CDI. Further research is needed to explore optimal donor selection, FT preparation, route, timing, and number of administrations.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01226992.
Prevalence and Severity of Ratoon Stunt in Commercial Brazilian Sugarcane Fields
Authors: Urashima A. S. , Silva M. F. , Correa J. J. , Moraes M. C. , Singh A. V. , Smith E. C. , Sainz M. B. 
Published: November 2016

Brazil has 9 million ha of sugarcane, 85% of which are located in the Center-South area of the country. Field trials and surveys around the globe have shown that ratoon stunt disease (RSD), caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, can severely reduce tonnage yield. Previous small-scale studies in Brazil have demonstrated RSD infection in all varieties, with values varying from 25 to 68%. Nevertheless, the prevalence and severity of RSD in commercial fields had not previously been assessed. To address this issue, we surveyed 13,173 ha in 1,154 fields of the eight main sugarcane varieties of the Center-South area, taking 92,114 samples from 50 mills in five different states. Our data showed that 10% of fields were infected, and that 58% of mills had at least one RSD-infected field. The variety RB92579 had the highest proportion of infected fields (17%) and, on average, the prevalence and severity in these fields was high compared with other varieties. RB867515, the most cultivated in Brazil, showed infection in 6.2% of sampled fields (5.5% of sampled area) causing an estimated annual economic loss of over US$1 million. This was the first time the economic importance of RSD on Brazilian commercial sugarcane production was estimated. The Cerrado region had the highest prevalence of RSD: 16% of fields, 17% of the cultivated area, and 82% of mills. The use of diseased planting material was identified in 9% of plant cane fields, representing 10% of the cultivated area. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Unmet Health Services Needs Among US Children with Developmental Disabilities: Associations with Family Impact and Child Functioning
Authors: Lindly Olivia J. , Chavez Alison E. , Zuckerman Katharine E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To determine associations of unmet needs for child or family health services with (1) adverse family financial and employment impacts and (2) child behavioral functioning problems among US children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and/or intellectual disability (ID).

Method:
This was a secondary analysis of parent-reported data from the 2009 to 2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs linked to the 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services. The study sample (n = 3,518) represented an estimated 1,803,112 US children aged 6 to 17 years with current ASD, DD, and/or ID (developmental disabilities). Dependent variables included adverse family financial and employment impacts, as well as child behavioral functioning problems. The independent variables of interest were unmet need for (1) child health services and (2) family health services. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to examine associations.

Results:
Unmet need for child and family health services, adverse family financial and employment impacts, and child behavioral functioning problems were prevalent among US children with developmental disabilities. Unmet needs were associated with an increased likelihood of adverse family employment and financial impacts. Unmet needs were associated with an increased likelihood of child behavioral functioning problems the following year; however, this association was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Unmet needs are associated with adverse impacts for children with developmental disabilities and their families. Increased access to and coordination of needed health services following ASD, DD, and/or ID diagnosis may improve outcomes for children with developmental disabilities and their families.
Preliminary Validation of the PROMIS Parent-Proxy Peer Relationships Measure in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A DBPNet Study
Authors: Toomey Marisa , Schwartz Justin , Laverdiere Michele , Tucker Carole A. , Bevans Katherine , Forrest Christopher B. , Blum Nathan J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To evaluate the content and construct validity of the existing PROMIS Pediatric Parent-Proxy Peer Relationships Measure in 5- to 12-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method:
Parents of 121 children aged 5 to 12 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ASD completed the Peer Relationships Measure using computerized adaptive testing (CAT). Parents also completed the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) and a demographic form. Intelligence quotient test results were extracted from clinical or research records. Five parents participated in semi-structured interviews about their child's peer relationships and the item content on the Peer Relationships Measure.

Results:
The children in the sample were primarily male (87%). The sample was racially and ethnically diverse, and parents were predominantly highly educated. The mean T-score (SD) on the Peer Relationships Measure was 36 (8), with a range from 15 to 62. For 98% of subjects, the CAT required administration of 5 items to reach a standard error of measurement of less than 4 T-score units. The Peer Relationships Measure demonstrated a large correlation with the SRS-2 (r = −0.60, p < .0001). In semi-structured interviews, parents reported that the items on the Peer Relationships Measure were relevant to the peer relationships of their child with ASD, but they reported a few challenges related to variability in their children's peer relationships over time and to somewhat limited knowledge of relationships in school.

Conclusion:
The PROMIS Pediatric Parent-Proxy Peer Relationships Measure may be an efficient, precise, and valid measure of peer relationships for 5- to 12-year-old children with ASD.
Trial Designs and Characteristics in Laser Studies in Dermatology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Grabas Marie , Dinulescu Monica , Droitcourt Catherine , Dupuy Alain 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND
Lasers are increasingly used in Dermatology. Clinical studies are among the best means to assess their efficacy.

OBJECTIVE
To obtain an overview of therapeutic laser studies in the field of Dermatology, the authors conducted a systematic review to describe the types of study published over the past 25 years, and their reporting in the abstracts.

METHODS
The authors selected interventional studies that evaluated laser treatment on human subjects with skin diseases. Reviews or single-case reports were excluded. Journal characteristics, study design, and trial characteristics were recorded and analyzed according to trends over time and journal impact factor ratings.

RESULTS
Of the 681 studies included, 57% were comparative, of which 46% were randomized, controlled studies. Trial duration was clearly mentioned in 63% of the abstracts. Trial duration was generally under 6 months (78%). Some parameters were rarely mentioned as follows: the number of patients lost to follow-up (only 12%), blinding (21%), and a clearly stated main outcome (36%). Over the 25 years, there was a significant trend toward an increased proportion of randomized, controlled trials, from 15% between 1990 and 2000 to 41% between 2010 and 2015 (p < .001).

CONCLUSION
This systematic review highlights areas for improvement in laser studies in Dermatology.
Reinvigorating Influenza Prevention in US Adults Aged 65 Years and Older
Authors: Schaffner William , Gravenstein Stefan , Hopkins Robert H. , Jernigan Daniel B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Adults aged 65 years and older are disproportionately impacted by influenza, accounting for more influenza-related deaths and hospitalizations than any other age group by far. The increasing likelihood of chronic conditions with age and age-related gradual decline in the immune system (immunosenescence) result in an elevated risk of complications from infections, including influenza. Immunosenescence is also a factor in reduced vaccine efficacy in older adults. Newer vaccines approved specifically for adults aged 65 years and older are designed to provide better immune response and better efficacy. Improving immunization coverage rates among this population using new and existing influenza vaccines is essential to reduce the annual impact of influenza infections in the United States.
Medical Student Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Mental Illness Across Five Nations
Authors: Stefanovics Elina A. , Rosenheck Robert A. , He Hongo , Ofori-Atta Angela , Cavalcanti Maria , Chiles Catherine 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Negative attitudes toward people with mental illness are a widespread concern and may vary across countries. This study used a 36-item questionnaire to compare attitudes toward people with mental illness and beliefs about the causes of mental illness among medical students from the United States, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, and China (N = 1131). Exploratory factor analysis identified the underlying factor structure of the questionnaire, and analysis of covariance was then used to compare factors representing four nonstigmatized attitudes across students from the five countries. US Medical students scored highest on all four factors, followed by those from Brazil. Nigerian and Ghanaian students scored lowest on nonsupernatural etiology of mental illness, and Chinese students showed the lowest score on personal social acceptance and public policy acceptance of people with mental illness. Differences in medical student attitudes between these five countries suggest underlying sociocultural differences in attitudes with the more stigmatized attitudes in developing countries.
Can Religion Protect Against Suicide?
Authors: Norko Michael A. , Freeman David , Phillips James , Hunter William , Lewis Richard , Viswanathan Ramaswamy 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The vast majority of the world's population is affiliated with a religious belief structure, and each of the major faith traditions (in its true form) is strongly opposed to suicide. Ample literature supports the protective effect of religious affiliation on suicide rates. Proposed mechanisms for this protective effect include enhanced social network and social integration, the degree of religious commitment, and the degree to which a particular religion disapproves of suicide. We review the sociological data for these effects and the general objections to suicide held by the faith traditions. We explore how clinicians may use such knowledge with individual patients, including routinely taking a religious/spiritual history. The clinician who is aware of the common themes among the faith traditions in opposition to suicide is better prepared to address religious/spiritual matters, as appropriate, in crisis situations. The clinician who understands the patient's belief system is also better prepared to request consultation with religious professionals when indicated.
Cranial Nerve-VI Palsy as the Main Clinical Manifestation of Neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Al-Qudah Zaid A. , Yacoub Hussam A. , Souayah Nizar 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Sarcoidosis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder that is characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas. Patients may present with cranial nerve palsy, paresthesia, paresis, pyramidal signs, progressive cognitive decline, urinary retention, seizures, or hypothalamic-pituitary syndrome. Although the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis can be challenging, neurological manifestations of sarcoidosis occur more frequently than previously described.

Case Report:
A 23-year-old African American man presented to our emergency department with diplopia, which was worsened on left horizontal gaze. On the day of admission, he had a witnessed seizure. Laboratory studies were significant only for mild leukopenia and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 17 mm/h. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse thickening and enhancement of the dura, mild mass effect, and soft tissue enhancement through the foramen rotundum and left orbital apex. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and discharged on 60 mg oral prednisone daily followed by a taper over a 2-month period.

Conclusions:
Our case demonstrates that mild neurological deficits can be the initial presentation of neurosarcoidosis in patients with undiagnosed or proven sarcoidosis.
Change in Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions Using Gadoxetate Disodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
Authors: Hope Thomas A. , Aslam Rizwan , Weinstein Stefanie , Yeh Benjamin M. , Corvera Carlos U. , Monto Alex , Yee Judy 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine whether gadoxetate-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves lesion characterization in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma compared with computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods
Forty-nine patients with indeterminate lesions found at contrast-enhanced CT were prospectively enrolled and imaged using gadoxetate-enhanced hepatobiliary phase (HBP) MRI within 30 days of their initial CT. Three readers graded each lesion at CT and MRI using the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2014 major criteria and HBP characterization as an ancillary feature. Patients were followed for an average of 1.8 years to document growth or stability of each lesion.

Results
The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System categorization changed for 71% (52/73) of lesions based on HBP MRI compared with CT, with 30% (22/73) of lesions upgraded and 41% (30/73) of lesions downgraded. There was almost perfect agreement between readers for arterial phase hyperintensity and HBP hypointensity, with lower interreader agreement for washout and capsule appearance. On the basis of composite clinical follow-up, lesions that were subsequently classified as hepatocellular carcinoma were assigned a higher LI-RADS category on HBP MRI when compared with CT.

Conclusions
For patients with indeterminate lesions seen on contrast-enhanced CT, HBP MRI using gadoxetate improves lesion characterization when using LI-RADS v2014 criteria.
Changes in Hemodynamic Response Patterns in Motor Cortices Measured by Task-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Qiao Peng-Gang , Zuo Zhi-Wei , Han Cong , Zhou Juan , Zhang Hong-Tao , Duan Lian , Qian Tianyi , Li Gong-Jie 
Published: November 2016

Objective
We aimed to study the value of blood oxygen level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) in assessing cerebral hemodynamic changes for moyamoya disease (MMD).

Methods
We recruited 15 healthy volunteers, 15 patients with MMD without dyskinesia, and 30 patients with MMD who experienced paroxysmal limb dyskinesia. The BOLD-fMRI scans were obtained during grasping motions of the left or right hand. Hemodynamic response curves in the primary motor cortices were generated. Six response parameters including negative response time (Tnr), maximum signal intensity of negative response, time to peak, maximum peak arrival time, maximum signal intensity of positive response, and positive response time were measured.

Results
The hemodynamic response curve in the primary motor cortices of MMD patients showed extended Tnr, prolonged positive response time, and delayed time to peak than those of the controls. The response curve showed longer Tnr and maximum peak arrival time in the primary motor cortices on the affected side of the dyskinesia group.

Conclusions
Blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI is an effective technique to assess hemodynamic changes in patients with MMD.