bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sequence analysis of patterns in self‐harm in young people with and without experience of being looked after in care
Authors: Wadman Ruth , Clarke David , Sayal Kapil , Armstrong Marie , Harroe Caroline , Majumder Pallab , Vostanis Panos , Townsend Ellen 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesYoung people in the public care system (‘looked‐after’ young people) have high levels of self‐harm.DesignThis paper reports the first detailed study of factors leading to self‐harm over time in looked‐after young people in England, using sequence analyses of the Card Sort Task for Self‐harm (CaTS).MethodsYoung people in care (looked‐after group: n = 24; 14–21 years) and young people who had never been in care (contrast group: n = 21; 13–21 years) completed the CaTS, describing sequences of factors leading to their first and most recent episodes of self‐harm. Lag sequential analysis determined patterns of significant transitions between factors (thoughts, feelings, behaviours, events) leading to self‐harm across 6 months.ResultsYoung people in care reported feeling better immediately following their first episode of self‐harm. However, fearlessness of death, impulsivity, and access to means were reported most proximal to recent self‐harm. Although difficult negative emotions were salient to self‐harm sequences in both groups, young people with no experience of being in care reported a greater range of negative emotions and transitions between them. For the contrast group, feelings of depression and sadness were a significant starting point of the self‐harm sequence 6 months prior to most recent self‐harm.ConclusionsSequences of factors leading to self‐harm can change and evolve over time, so regular monitoring and assessment of each self‐harm episode are needed. Support around easing and dealing with emotional distress is required. Restricting access to means to carry out potentially fatal self‐harm attempts, particularly for the young persons with experience of being in care, is recommended.Practitioner points

Self‐harm (and factors associated with self‐harm) can change and evolve over time; assessments need to reflect this.

Looked‐after young people reported feeling better after first self‐harm; fearlessness of death, access to means, and impulsivity were reported as key in recent self‐harm.

Underlying emotional distress, particularly depression and self‐hatred were important in both first and most recent self‐harm.

Looked‐after young people should undergo regular monitoring and assessment of each self‐harm episode and access to potentially fatal means should be restricted.

The CaTS would have clinical utility as an assessment tool

Recruiting participants can be a significant challenge in studies with looked‐after children and young people.

Future research with larger clinical samples would be valuable.
More Effective Consolidation of Episodic Long‐Term Memory in Children Than Adults—Unrelated to Sleep
Authors: Wang Jing‐Yi , Weber Frederik D. , Zinke Katharina , Inostroza Marion , Born Jan 
Published: June 2017

Abilities to encode and remember events in their spatiotemporal context (episodic memory) rely on brain regions that mature late during childhood and are supported by sleep. We compared the temporal dynamics of episodic memory formation and the role of sleep in this process between 62 children (8–12 years) and 57 adults (18–37 years). Subjects recalled “what–where–when” memories after a short 1‐hr retention interval or after a long 10.5‐hr interval containing either nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness. Although children showed diminished recall of episodes after 1 hr, possibly resulting from inferior encoding, unlike adults, they showed no further decrease in recall after 10.5 hr. In both age groups, episodic memory benefitted from sleep. However, children's more effective offline retention was unrelated to sleep.
The evolution of basal septal hypertrophy: From benign and age‐related normal variant to potentially obstructive and symptomatic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pearson Anthony C. 
Published: June 2017

Localized thickening of the basal portion of the ventricular septum or basal septal hypertrophy (BSH) has been identified both at autopsy and by imaging studies for decades; despite numerous investigations, there is no consensus on the significance of this finding and a remarkable lack of consistency in terminology. This paper summarizes the scientific literature on the topic, focusing on recent echocardiographic findings. A case description illustrating some of the complex issues involved in measurement and diagnosis and differentiation from sigmoidal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is presented. Criteria are proposed for diagnosing pathologic BSH which include the following: (1) Exertional symptoms compatible with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) such as dyspnea, near‐syncope, and chest discomfort; (2) Documented LVOTO gradient demonstrated at peak bicycle or post‐treadmill exercise >30 mm Hg; and (3) Symptomatic improvement with β‐blocker (or other negative inotropic) therapy (preferably accompanied by documentation of reduction of exercise‐induced LVOT).
Maximum diversification strategies along commodity risk factors
Authors: Bernardi Simone , Leippold Markus , Lohre Harald 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPursuing risk‐based allocation across a universe of commodity assets, we find diversified risk parity (DRP) strategies to provide convincing results. DRP strives for maximum diversification along uncorrelated risk sources. A straightforward way to derive uncorrelated risk sources relies on principal components analysis (PCA). While the ensuing statistical factors can be associated with commodity sector bets, the corresponding DRP strategy entails excessive turnover because of the instability of the PCA factors. We suggest an alternative design of the DRP strategy relative to common commodity risk factors that implicitly allows for a uniform exposure to commodity risk premia.
Imbalanced nutrient recycling in a warmer ocean driven by differential response of extracellular enzymatic activities
Authors: Ayo Begoña , Abad Naiara , Artolozaga Itxaso , Azua Iñigo , Baña Zuriñe , Unanue Marian , Gasol Josep M. , Duarte Carlos M. , Iriberri Juan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOcean oligotrophication concurrent with warming weakens the capacity of marine primary producers to support marine food webs and act as a CO2 sink, and is believed to result from reduced nutrient inputs associated to the stabilization of the thermocline. However, nutrient supply in the oligotrophic ocean is largely dependent on the recycling of organic matter. This involves hydrolytic processes catalyzed by extracellular enzymes released by bacteria, which temperature dependence has not yet been evaluated. Here, we report a global assessment of the temperature‐sensitivity, as represented by the activation energies (Ea), of extracellular β‐glucosidase (βG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzymatic activities, which enable the uptake by bacteria of substrates rich in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, respectively. These Ea were calculated from two different approaches, temperature experimental manipulations and a space‐for‐time substitution approach, which generated congruent results. The three activities showed contrasting Ea in the subtropical and tropical ocean, with βG increasing the fastest with warming, followed by LAP, while AP showed the smallest increase. The estimated activation energies predict that the hydrolysis products under projected warming scenarios will have higher C:N, C:P and N:P molar ratios than those currently generated, and suggest that the warming of oceanic surface waters leads to a decline in the nutrient supply to the microbial heterotrophic community relative to that of carbon, particularly so for phosphorus, slowing down nutrient recycling and contributing to further ocean oligotrophication.
The optimal lignin quantification method to breed for an improved cell wall digestibility in perennial ryegrass
Authors: van Parijs F. , Van Waes C. , Vandecasteele B. , Haesaert G. , Roldán‐Ruiz I. , Muylle H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an important source of protein and energy for dairy cattle. To improve the protein/energy ratio of this forage, focus is now on improving its cell wall digestibility. The in vitro assessment of the digestible fraction of the neutral detergent fibre (NDFD) is a superior method for determining the cell wall digestibility, but requires the use of ruminal fluid, which has a highly variable composition and is often not readily available. As lignin is considered the main cell wall component that impedes NDFD, we investigated whether this “subtrait” could serve as alternative breeding selection criterion to improve NDFD. Therefore, we assessed the accuracy of two lignin quantification methods: van Soest (ADL) and Klason lignin (KL). We also considered KL estimates corrected for the solubilized lignin (total lignin or TL) and non‐solubilized protein (TL'). Although the latter is considered the truest possible lignin content, it was not always the most correlated to NDFD, due to the limited accuracy of protein quantification on lignin residue. TL is most correlated to NDFD and we therefore recommend it for use in conventional breeding if NDFD determination is not a possibility. However, NDFD is still a superior selection criterion, as it combines the effect of several subtraits and not just lignin. For marker–trait association studies, a more accurate estimate of lignin content is more important than a high correlation with NDFD, but also here, TL performs best.
Fibrinogen Mahdia: A congenitally abnormal fibrinogen characterized by defective fibrin polymerization
Authors: Amri Y. , Jouini H. , Becheur M. , Dabboubi R. , Mahjoub B. , Messaoud T. , Sfar M. T. , Casini A. , de Moerloose P. , Toumi N. E. H. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCongenital dysfibrinogenemia is a rare qualitative fibrinogen deficiency. Molecular defects that result in dysfibrinogenemia are usually caused by mutations which affect fibrinopeptide release, fibrin polymerization, fibrin cross‐linking or fibrinolysis.AimHere, we investigated the genetic basis of hypodysfibrinogenemia in two Tunisian siblings with major bleeding.MethodsCoagulation‐related tests were performed on the patients and their family members. Functional analysis was performed in plasma fibrinogen to characterize fibrin polymerization. The sequences of fibrinogen genes were amplified and analysed by sequencing.ResultsCoagulation studies revealed a reduced functional and a borderline low antigenic fibrinogen plasma levels with prolonged thrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. The fibrinogen is also characterized by a markedly impaired polymerization and could incorporate into fibrin fibres to a smaller extent (22%). Mutational screening disclosed a heterozygous single nucleotide deletion (G) at c.1025, resulting in a frameshift mutation (AαGly323GlufsX79) that is predicted to delete a part of the αC‐domain containing some of the FXIII cross‐linking sites. Both the normal and the aberrant Aα‐chain (approximately 43 kDa) were detected by electrophoretic analysis in the patients.ConclusionThe new dysfunctional fibrinogen, Mahdia variant, describes its impact on fibrin assembly after the loss of the αC domains which are involved in the lateral aggregation of protofibrils. The study confirms that the truncated Aα‐chain could be incorporated into mature fibrinogen molecules.
Trauma‐Informed Day Services: An Initial Conceptualization and Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Keesler John M. , Isham Cory 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTrauma‐informed care (TIC) is a systems‐focused philosophy of service delivery based upon principles of choice, collaboration, empowerment, safety and trustworthiness that recognizes the pervasive impact of trauma across the human experience. In a grassroots effort, one organization developed an innovative, trauma‐informed day program to meet the needs of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who were recently deinstitutionalized. The present study is intended to provide an initial conceptualization and preliminary assessment of TIC within IDD services in order to understand its impact among individuals and staff. The study sought to answer the following questions: Has the program's culture been stable over time? How have individuals’ behaviors changed over time? What have been the experiences of the program's staff members with TIC? Through a mixed methods design, secondary data analysis and semi structured staff interviews were used to assess the impact of TIC. Findings revealed an initial strong presence of choice, collaboration, empowerment, safety, and trustworthiness within the program's culture, with non significant changes at follow‐up. Significant reductions were noted in overall challenging behavior, aggression, and PRN medication usage; while non significant changes were noted in physical interventions with the exception of “other” interventions (i.e., least restrictive) which significantly increased. Three major categories emerged from the qualitative data (making a difference, recognizing progress and compromising factors), illuminating staff satisfaction with work experiences, individuals’ progress, and factors that challenged fidelity to TIC. The study provides a preliminary conceptualization and evidence for the efficacy of the integration of TIC into IDD services despite methodological limitations and concerns regarding the use of physical interventions. Directions for future research are presented.
Structuralism in the philosophy of physics
Authors: Lam Vincent 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOntic structuralism or ontic structural realism in the philosophy of physics can be broadly considered as an interpretative strategy providing a set of conceptual and metaphysical tools—or, more ambitiously, an ontological framework—in order to account for central features of current fundamental physics. This article aims to review the main structuralist interpretative moves in the context of our two best fundamental physical theories of matter and spacetime, namely, quantum theory (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and general relativity. We highlight in particular the structuralist understanding of permutation invariance, entanglement and nonlocality in quantum theory, and of the dynamical features of spacetime, (gauge‐theoretic) diffeomorphism invariance and background independence in general relativity.
Mental disorder between naturalism and normativism
Authors: Varga Somogy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWorries about the potential medicalization of social and moral problems has propelled the debate on the nature of mental disorder, with normativists insisting that psychiatric classification is inherently value‐laden and naturalists maintaining that a purely descriptive account of disease is possible. In recent work, some authors take a different path, accepting that the concepts of disease and mental disorder are value‐laden but maintaining that this does not prevent objective truths regarding mental disorder attribution. This paper explores two such accounts and the important steps they provide toward rethinking the nature and metaphysical status of mental disorder. The challenges raised in this paper are meant to contribute to the further development of this stimulating work.
Multinationals as global institution: Power, authority and relative autonomy
Authors: Ruggie John Gerard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article aims to inform the long‐standing and unresolved debate between voluntary corporate social responsibility and initiatives to impose binding legal obligations on multinational enterprises. The two approaches share a common feature: neither can fully specify its own scope conditions, that is, how much of the people and planet agenda either can expect to deliver. The reason they share this feature is also the same: neither is based on a foundational political analysis of the multinational enterprise in the context of global governance. Such an analysis is essential for providing background to and perspective on what either approach can hope to achieve, and how. This article begins to bridge the gap by illustrating aspects of the political power, authority, and relative autonomy of the contemporary multinational enterprise. The conclusion spells out some implications for the debate itself, and for further research.
Bank lending channel in a dual banking system: Why are Islamic banks so responsive?
Authors: Aysan Ahmet F. , Disli Mustafa , Ozturk Huseyin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe examine the interest rate sensitivity of both deposits and credits at Islamic and conventional banks in Turkey. We find that the bank lending channel is especially operative for Islamic banks. Impulse responses for conventional and Islamic banks reveal that Islamic bank depositors’ sensitivity to policy rate changes is substantially larger than that of conventional bank depositors. Next to heavily dependence on deposit funding, we consider that inertia in Islamic bank deposit rates impedes these banks to keep those depositors who consider the opportunity cost of monetary policy rates is unbearable. On the lending side, we obtain similar results, implying that tight monetary policy leads to a larger contraction in Islamic bank credits. This finding is a reflection of the favourable attitude of Islamic banks towards small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) financing. When similar relationships are analysed for currency and inflation shocks, we again find larger responses for Islamic banks showing the cyclical nature of SME credits.
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies against the 2C and 3ABC Nonstructural Proteins Induced by Infecting Pigs with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Authors: Liu Zezhong , Shao Junjun , Zhao Furong , Zhou Guangqing , Gao Shandian , Liu Wei , Lv Jianliang , Li Xiumei , Li Yangfan , Chang Huiyun , Zhang Yongguang 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The potential diagnostic value of chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) has been accepted in recent years, although their use for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) diagnostics has not been reported. Full-length 3ABC and 2C proteins were expressed in bacteria and purified by affinity chromatography to develop a rapid and accurate approach to distinguish pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from vaccinated pigs. The recombinant proteins were then used as antigens to develop two CLIAs for the detection of antibodies against nonstructural viral proteins. The diagnostic performance of the two assays was compared by analyzing serum from pigs (naive pigs,
n
= 63; vaccinated, uninfected pigs,
n
= 532; naive, infected pigs,
n
= 117) with a known infection status. The 3ABC-2C CLIA had a higher accuracy rate, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.5%, than the 3ABC CLIA, which had a diagnostic sensitivity of 95.7% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.0%. The results of the 3ABC-2C CLIA also had a high rate of concordance with those of two commercial FMDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits used to assess serum collected from 962 pigs in the field (96.2% and 97.8%, respectively). The 3ABC-2C CLIA detected infection in serum samples from infected pigs earlier than the commercial ELISA kits. In addition, the 3ABC-2C CLIA produced results within 15 min. On the basis of these findings, the 3ABC-2C CLIA could serve as the foundation for the development of penside FMD diagnostics and offers an alternative method to detect FMDV infections.
Novel Cross-Reactive Monoclonal Antibodies against Ebolavirus Glycoproteins Show Protection in a Murine Challenge Model
Authors: Duehr James , Wohlbold Teddy John , Oestereich Lisa , Chromikova Veronika , Amanat Fatima , Rajendran Madhusudan , Gomez-Medina Sergio , Mena Ignacio , tenOever Benjamin R. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Basler Christopher F. , Munoz-Fontela Cesar , Krammer Florian 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Out of an estimated 31,100 cases since their discovery in 1976, ebolaviruses have caused approximately 13,000 deaths. The vast majority (∼11,000) of these occurred during the 2013-2016 West African epidemic. Three out of five species in the genus are known to cause Ebola Virus Disease in humans. Several monoclonal antibodies against the ebolavirus glycoprotein are currently in development as therapeutics. However, there is still a paucity of monoclonal antibodies that can cross-react between the glycoproteins of different ebolavirus species, and the mechanism of these monoclonal antibody therapeutics is still not understood in detail. Here, we generated a panel of eight murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) utilizing a prime-boost vaccination regimen with a
Zaire ebolavirus
glycoprotein expression plasmid followed by infection with a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the
Zaire ebolavirus
glycoprotein. We tested the binding breadth of the resulting monoclonal antibodies using a set of recombinant surface glycoproteins from Reston, Taï Forest, Bundibugyo, Zaire, Sudan, and Marburg viruses and found two antibodies that showed pan-ebolavirus binding. An
in vivo Stat2
−/−
mouse model was utilized to test the ability of these MAbs to protect from infection with a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the
Zaire ebolavirus
glycoprotein. Several of our antibodies, including the broadly binding ones, protected mice from mortality despite lacking neutralization capability
in vitro
, suggesting their protection may be mediated by Fc-FcR interactions. Indeed, three antibodies displayed cellular phagocytosis and/or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
in vitro
. Our antibodies, specifically the two identified cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (KL-2E5 and KL-2H7), might add to the understanding of anti-ebolavirus humoral immunity.

IMPORTANCE
This study describes the generation of a panel of novel anti-ebolavirus glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies, including two antibodies with broad cross-reactivity to all known ebolavirus species. The antibodies were raised using a heterologous DNA-viral vector prime-boost regimen, resulting in a high proportion of cross-reactive antibodies (25%). Similar vaccination regimens have been used successfully to induce broad protection against influenza viruses in humans, and our limited data indicate that this might be a useful strategy for filovirus vaccines as well. Several of our antibodies showed protective efficacy when tested in a novel murine challenge model and may be developed into future therapeutics.
MicroRNAs of Epstein-Barr Virus Control Innate and Adaptive Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Albanese Manuel , Tagawa Takanobu , Buschle Alexander , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has established lifelong infection in more than 90% of humanity. While infection is usually controlled by the immune system, the human host fails to completely eliminate the pathogen. Several herpesviral proteins are known to act as immunoevasins, preventing or reducing recognition of EBV-infected cells. Only recently were microRNAs of EBV identified to reduce immune recognition further. This Gem summarizes what we know about immunomodulatory microRNAs of herpesviruses.