bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐border patient movement from the Lao PDR and the interplay between social networks and economic and cultural capital: A qualitative study
Authors: Durham Jo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHealthcare is most often examined within the confines of nation‐states. Such an analysis, however, is not necessarily indicative of reality, with people often travelling across borders for healthcare. This paper explores cross‐border travel for medical care by patients in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The paper shows that while travelling across borders for medical care is not new, how, why and who travels across borders have changed in tandem with changes in the political and socio‐economic landscape. The paper is based on a review of the literature and qualitative interviews with patients who had crossed the border for planned healthcare (N = 43), Laotian medical officials working in public institutions (N = 5) and international health advisors (N = 6). Patients came from different districts, a range of socio‐economic backgrounds, had crossed borders for planned healthcare in the last two years and, based on key informant subjective assessments, were information‐rich respondents. The study reveals how Lao cross‐border patients creatively use the cultural and social resources at their disposal to obtain the healthcare they desire. In particular, it draws attention to the interplay between social, economic and cultural capital, and habitus in navigating access to transnational healthcare.
Laparoscopic segmental duodenectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor located in the second portion of the duodenum: A case report
Authors: Umemoto Kazufumi , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Murakawa Katsuhiko , Suzuki Tomohiro , Yamamura Yoshiyuki , Ono Koichi , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum are rare. For benign tumors, premalignant lesions, or malignant potential tumors located in the second portion of the duodenum close to the papilla of Vater, pancreaticoduodenectomy is sometimes performed. A case of laparoscopic segmental duodenectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor at the second portion of the duodenum is reported. The surgical procedure was performed as follows: first, the second portion of the duodenum was separated from the pancreatic head; second, the duodenum was cut off with the linear stapler after having confirmed preservation of the papilla by intraoperative endoscopy; and third, reconstruction was carried out by a side‐to‐side duodenojejunostomy. Laparoscopic segmental duodenectomy for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors is thought to be advantageous compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy in terms of low burden and organ function preservation. The present procedure is feasible for benign or low‐malignant tumors that do not infiltrate outside of the duodenal walls.
The efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, cisplatin, prednisone, thalidomide versus CHOP in patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with analysis of biomarkers
Authors: Li Ling , Duan Wenjing , Zhang Lei , Li Xin , Fu Xiaorui , Wang Xinhua , Wu Jingjing , Sun Zhenchang , Zhang Xudong , Chang Yu , Nan Feifei , Yan Jiaqin , Li Zhaoming , Young Ken H. , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe compared the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, cisplatin, prednisone and thalidomide (GDPT) with standard CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) for patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) in a prospective randomized controlled and open‐label clinical trial. Between July 2010 and June 2016, 103 patients were randomly allocated into two groups, of whom 52 were treated with GDPT therapy and 51 with CHOP therapy. The 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were better in the GDPT group than in the CHOP group (57% vs. 35% for 2‐year PFS, P = 0·0035; 71% vs 50% for 2‐year OS, P = 0·0001). The complete remission rate (CRR) and the overall response rate (ORR) in the GDPT group were higher than in the CHOP group (52% vs. 33%, P = 0·044 for CRR; 67% vs. 49%, P = 0·046 for ORR). Haemocytopenia was the predominant adverse effect, and acute toxicity was moderate, tolerable and well managed in both arms. mRNA expression of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3 and TOP2A genes varied among patients but the difference did not reach statistical significance, mainly due to the relatively small sample size. The precise characters of these biomarkers remain to be identified. In conclusion, GDPT is a promising new regimen as potential first‐line therapy against PTCL. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01664975.
Trafficking and localisation to the plasma membrane of Nav1.5 promoted by the β2 subunit is defective due to a β2 mutation associated with Brugada syndrome
Authors: Dulsat Gemma , Palomeras Sonia , Cortada Eric , Riuró Helena , Brugada Ramon , Vergés Marcel 
Published: June 2017

Background InformationCardiac channelopathies arise by mutations in genes encoding ion channel subunits. One example is Brugada Syndrome (BrS), which causes arrhythmias and sudden death. BrS is often associated with mutations in SCN5A, encoding Nav1.5, the α subunit of the major cardiac voltage‐gated sodium channel. This channel forms a protein complex including one or two associated β subunits as well as other proteins.ResultsWe analysed regulation of Nav1.5 localisation and trafficking by β2, specifically, Nav1.5 arrival to the cell surface. We used polarised Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and mouse atria‐derived HL‐1 cells, which retain phenotypic features of adult cardiomyocytes. In both, Nav1.5 was found essentially intracellular, mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas β2 localised to the plasma membrane, and was restricted to the apical surface in MDCK cells. A fraction of β2 interacted with Nav1.5, despite their limited overlap. Importantly, β2 promoted Nav1.5 localisation to the cell surface. Both β2 WT and the BrS‐associated mutation D211G (substitution of Asp for Gly) effectively reached the plasma membrane. Strikingly, however, β2 D211G was defective in promoting Nav1.5 surface localisation.ConclusionsOur data sustain that β2 promotes surface localisation of Nav1.5, which can be affected due to β2 mutations associated with channelopathies.SignificanceOur findings add to the understanding of β2 role in Nav1.5 trafficking and localisation, which must influence cell excitability and electrical coupling in the heart. This study will contribute to knowledge on development of arrhythmias.
Genetic polymorphisms and folate status
Authors: Hiraoka Mami , Kagawa Yasuo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractModerate hyperhomocysteinemia‐induced low folate status is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, dementia, and depression. Folate is an essential cofactor in the one‐carbon metabolism pathway and is necessary in amino acid metabolism, purine and thymidylate synthesis, and DNA methylation. In the folate cycle and homocysteine metabolism, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and vitamin B2 are important cofactors. Many enzymes are involved in folate transport and uptake, the folate pathway, and homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, and various polymorphisms have been documented in these enzymes. Serum folate and total Hcy (tHcy) levels are influenced by folate intake and genetic polymorphisms in 5,10‐methylenetertahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) such as C677T. The prevalence of the MTHFR 677TT genotype varies across ethnic groups and regions, with a frequency of approximately 15% in Japanese populations. Individuals with the TT genotype have significantly higher tHcy levels and lower folate levels in serum than those with the CT and TT genotypes. However, administration of folic acid has been shown to eliminate these differences. Moreover, data have suggested that interventions based on genotype may be effective for motivating individuals to change their lifestyle and improve their nutrition status. Accordingly, in this review, we discuss the effects of MTHFR C677T polymorphisms on serum tHcy and folate levels with folic acid intervention and evaluate approaches for overcoming folic acid deficiency and related symptoms.
International patent applications for non‐injectable naloxone for opioid overdose reversal: Exploratory search and retrieve analysis of the PatentScope database
Authors: McDonald Rebecca , Danielsson Glende Øyvind , Dale Ola , Strang John 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIssues. Non‐injectable naloxone formulations are being developed for opioid overdose reversal, but only limited data have been published in the peer‐reviewed domain. Through examination of a hitherto‐unsearched database, we expand public knowledge of non‐injectable formulations, tracing their development and novelty, with the aim to describe and compare their pharmacokinetic properties. Approach. (i) The PatentScope database of the World Intellectual Property Organization was searched for relevant English‐language patent applications; (ii) Pharmacokinetic data were extracted, collated and analysed; (iii) PubMed was searched using Boolean search query ‘(nasal OR intranasal OR nose OR buccal OR sublingual) AND naloxone AND pharmacokinetics’. Key Findings. Five hundred and twenty‐two PatentScope and 56 PubMed records were identified: three published international patent applications and five peer‐reviewed papers were eligible. Pharmacokinetic data were available for intranasal, sublingual, and reference routes. Highly concentrated formulations (10–40 mg mL−1) had been developed and tested. Sublingual bioavailability was very low (1%; relative to intravenous). Non‐concentrated intranasal spray (1 mg mL−1; 1 mL per nostril) had low bioavailability (11%). Concentrated intranasal formulations (≥10 mg mL−1) had bioavailability of 21–42% (relative to intravenous) and 26–57% (relative to intramuscular), with peak concentrations (dose‐adjusted Cmax = 0.8–1.7 ng mL−1) reached in 19–30 min (tmax). Implications. Exploratory analysis identified intranasal bioavailability as associated positively with dose and negatively with volume. Conclusion. We find consistent direction of development of intranasal sprays to high‐concentration, low‐volume formulations with bioavailability in the 20–60% range. These have potential to deliver a therapeutic dose in 0.1 mL volume. [McDonald R, Danielsson Glende Ø, Dale O, Strang J. International patent applications for non‐injectable naloxone for opioid overdose reversal: Exploratory search and retrieve analysis of the PatentScope database. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000‐000]
Caste and Regional Influences on the Practice of ‘Untouchability’ in India
Authors: Borooah Vani Kant 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMillions of people in India are born with scars that will last a lifetime. These are scars of social rather than physical blemish and they reduce the capacity of such persons to function in life, free of prejudice and untainted by stigma. The source of these wounds is the practice of ‘untouchability’, meaning that any physical contact with them is avoided because they are considered ‘unclean’. This article studies the nature of households in India that admit to ‘practising untouchability’ — in the sense of avoiding contact with persons they regard as unclean — and contrasts such households with those that claim to be not ‘practising untouchability’. Such a contrast is possible because the data used, which are from the Indian Human Development Survey, associate with each household a wealth of economic, social and demographic data. Consequently, it is possible to estimate the likelihood of a household practising untouchability, conditional upon the values pertaining to it of a number of relevant factors. These include its social group, its main source of income, the highest educational level of its members, its urban or rural location and its region of residence. The central finding of the analysis is that the practice of untouchability is determined more by the region in which a household is located than by the caste to which it belongs.
Parasitism of Aganaspis daci against Ceratitis capitata under Mediterranean climate conditions
Authors: de Pedro Luis , Beitia Francisco , Sabater‐Muñoz Beatriz , Harbi Ahlem , Ferrara Fernando , Polidori Carlo , Asís Josep Daniel , Tormos José 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effect of environmental factors is essential to the success of parasitoids as biological control agents, as it determines their foraging activity, development, and survival. The larval‐pupal parasitoid wasp Aganaspis daci (Weld) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) is known to have a very low fertility (i.e., offspring production) in the field in certain Mediterranean areas, probably due to its inability to efficiently oviposit under such climatic conditions. In this study, the percentage of parasitism and induced mortality (mortality of host pupae attributed to parasitoids, from which adults do not emerge) caused by this wasp to the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was assessed under field conditions across 1 year, using medfly‐infested apples and parasitoid‐confined release in a lemon orchard of southeastern Spain. As A. daci is known to have very few emergences in the field, fertility was assessed in the laboratory from parasitized pupae recovered from the field. We found average parasitism rates of 27% and high induced mortality rates of 66% under field conditions. Consequently, medfly population reduction (total mortality of C. capitata caused by A. daci, i.e., induced mortality + % parasitism) was, on average, 87%. Parasitism and induced mortality varied throughout the year, depending on the average temperature and relative humidity. The interaction of these factors resulted in the highest parasitism rates at low mean temperature and humidity values; likewise, the highest percentages of induced mortality were obtained with a combination of high mean temperature and low mean humidity values. In conclusion, A. daci may exert a strong impact on medfly populations, being a good candidate for inundative field releases for the management of C. capitata in the Mediterranean Basin.
Bethylids attacking stored‐product pests: an overview
Authors: Amante Marco , Schöller Matthias , Suma Pompeo , Russo Agatino 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBethylidae is a family belonging to the insect order Hymenoptera and contains about 2 200 described species. Bethylids typically parasitize larvae of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, including species that are serious pests of stored products. Here, we review the main characteristics of each of the bethylids reported as biological control agent of these pests. The biological characteristics and peculiarities are reported for each species, and the potential for their practical application is discussed.
Attenuated positive psychotic symptoms and the experience of anhedonia
Authors: Cooper Shanna , Kring Ann M. , Ellman Lauren M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDeficits in anticipatory pleasure have been consistently shown among chronic, first‐episode, and clinical high risk for psychosis populations, but much less attention has been given to non‐clinical individuals experiencing attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (APPS).MethodsYoung adults (N = 1839) were administered the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale, which measures anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, and the Prodromal Questionnaire, which measures APPS. Analyses examined (1) total APPS endorsed and (2) comparisons of groups experiencing APPS that were endorsed as distressing (distressing APPS = D‐APPS; experiencing more D‐APPS = high‐D‐APPS, a potentially more clinically meaningful group; experiencing fewer D‐APPS = low‐D‐APPS).ResultsResults indicated that anticipatory, but not consummatory, pleasure deficits were associated with elevated APPS. Additionally, the high‐D‐APPS group exhibited significantly less anticipatory pleasure compared with the low‐D‐APPS group, but did not differ in consummatory pleasure.ConclusionOur results mirror findings in schizophrenia samples and suggest that anticipatory pleasure deficits occur along the entire continuum of psychotic experiences.
Fracture resistance of zirconia‐based all‐ceramic crowns after bur adjustment
Authors: Rues Stefan , Schwindling Franz S. , Meyer Andre , Rammelsberg Peter , Schmitter Marc 
Published: June 2017

Intra‐oral grinding is often required to optimize occlusion of all‐ceramic restorations. The effect of burs of different grit size on the fracture resistance of veneered zirconia crowns was investigated in this study. Forty‐eight standardized zirconia copings were produced. The ceramic veneer was designed with a positive ellipsoidal defect on the palatal aspect of the crowns. To simulate adjustment of dental restorations by burs, this palatal defect was removed by use of three different diamond‐coated burs with grit sizes 46, 107, or 151 μm (fine, medium, or coarse, respectively). Each different grit size of bur was used to grind 16 crowns. All crowns were then polished and surface roughness was measured. Half of the specimens underwent thermomechanical aging (10,000 thermocycles between 6.5°C and 60°C) and 1.2 million cycles of chewing simulation (F = 108 N). A linear regression model was computed to test the effect of aging and grinding grit size at a level of significance of α = 0.05. Fracture loads increased with decreasing grit size. Grit size and aging had a significant effect on the fracture resistance of the crowns. Use of fine and coarse burs for intra‐oral adjustments resulted in different fracture resistance of veneered zirconia crowns. Coarse burs should be avoided in the final stage of grinding before polishing.
The prevalence of anxiety and associated factors in persons with epilepsy
Authors: Pham Tram , Sauro Khara M. , Patten Scott B. , Wiebe Samuel , Fiest Kirsten M. , Bulloch Andrew G. M. , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, anxiety in epilepsy. We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis using data from the Neurological Disease and Depression Study. The prevalence of anxiety and associated factors were assessed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Of the total sample (n = 250 patients), nearly 40.0% of participants had anxiety according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The most prevalent symptom of anxiety was “worrying thoughts” (35.6%). After adjustment for age and sex, depression (odds ratio [OR] = 8.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.38–18.40), medication side effects (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.04–3.05), smoking (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 2.27–8.31), and illicit substance use (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.18–4.96) were significantly associated with higher odds of anxiety, whereas higher education (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.28–0.80) was associated with lower odds of anxiety. Furthermore, participants with anxiety reported more severe epilepsy, debilitating seizures, and overall lower quality of life. Evidence from our study reveals a high prevalence of anxiety in persons with epilepsy and that anxiety is associated with a variety of negative outcomes. These findings further emphasize the need for more studies to understand the impact of anxiety and its relationship with various sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Spread of false alarms in foraging flocks of house sparrows
Authors: Boujja‐Miljour Hakima , Leighton Patrick A. , Beauchamp Guy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn group‐foraging species with no alarm signals, the sudden departure of neighbours can be used to inform the rest of the group about the detection of a threat. However, sudden departures are ambiguous because they can be triggered by factors unrelated to predator detection. We evaluated how animals react to the sudden departure of neighbours in groups of foraging house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We focussed on false alarms that occurred for no apparent reasons to us because predation attempts were not frequent. Three factors can explain how the sudden departure of a neighbour can influence reaction times, namely group size, the distance between neighbours, and predation risk. We predicted reaction times to be longer in larger groups where individual vigilance levels are low, and when group members are further apart and cannot easily monitor each other. In addition, we expected reaction times to be longer when predation risk is lower. Departures that are more temporally clumped are also expected to be less ambiguous and should trigger faster reaction times. Our results show that sparrows reacted faster, not more slowly, to the sudden departures of neighbours in larger groups, and, as predicted, more slowly when neighbours were more distant from each other. Reaction times were longer in one of the two study years in which predation risk was deemed lower. Sparrows reacted more quickly when earlier departures were more temporally clumped. The results thus provided partial support for the predictions, and future work is needed to assess how individuals react to fleeing responses by their neighbours in species with no alarm signals.
Asset pricing puzzles in an OLG economy with generalized preference
Authors: DaSilva Amadeu , Farka Mira 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe seek to explain a number of asset pricing anomalies – the equity premium puzzle, the risk‐free rate puzzle, and portfolio allocation puzzle – in a parsimonious overlapping generations (OLG) model with two key features: borrowing constraint and Epstein–Zin–Weil (1989) preference. The model goes a long way towards the resolution of these puzzles, and is able to simultaneously match asset pricing moments and individual portfolio decisions using reasonable values of parameters governing behavior. We find that the main driver of savings behavior, equity returns, and asset allocation is the relative difference between the two parameters: the level of relative risk aversion and the inverse of the elasticity of substitution.
Impact of anthropogenic disturbances on a diverse riverine fish assemblage in Fiji predicted by functional traits
Authors: Lin Hsien‐Yung , Jupiter Stacy D. , Jenkins Aaron P. , Brown Christopher J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Anthropogenic disturbances particularly affect biodiversity in sensitive freshwater ecosystems by causing species loss. Thus, measuring the response of species to multiple disturbances is a key issue for conservation and environmental management.

As it is not practical to assess the response of every species in a community, we compared the performance of trait and taxonomic‐based groupings of species for their abilities to predict species loss in a threatened freshwater fish assemblage. Specifically, we examined responses of a Fijian freshwater fish assemblage to deforestation, placement of anthropogenic barriers (overhanging culverts) and the presence of introduced cichlids.

Species grouped by traits showed more consistent responses to disturbances than taxonomic groups. In particular, species belonging to trait groups that were estuary associated favoured medium‐to‐hard substrate, while feeding specialists were highly likely to be absent in catchments with high deforestation and overhanging culverts. The presence of introduced cichlids (Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus) had a smaller effect than deforestation and barriers, but was negatively associated with species richness of diadromous species with climbing ability and positively associated with presences of some piscivores. The trait groups also revealed that detritivores, species favouring soft substrate, and those with a broad dietary range were less sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances.

Our study indicates that using traits to predict species loss from disturbed environments can aid in detecting the responses of rare species to disturbance. In addition, we provided a method to estimate the consistency of species’ responses to disturbance. This study may ultimately help managers identify the most effective actions for conserving sensitive species that are seldom recorded in surveys.