bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silk scaffolds connected with different naturally occurring biomaterials for prostate cancer cell cultivation in 3D
Authors: Bäcker Anne , Erhardt Olga , Wietbrock Lukas , Schel Natalia , Göppert Bettina , Dirschka Marian , Abaffy Paul , Sollich Thomas , Cecilia Angelica , Gruhl Friederike J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the present work, different biopolymer blend scaffolds based on the silk protein fibroin from Bombyx mori (BM) were prepared via freeze‐drying method. The chemical, structural, and mechanical properties of the three dimensional (3D) porous silk fibroin (SF) composite scaffolds of gelatin, collagen, and chitosan as well as SF from Antheraea pernyi (AP) and the recombinant spider silk protein spidroin (SSP1) have been systematically investigated, followed by cell culture experiments with epithelial prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) up to 14 days. Compared to the pure SF scaffold of BM, the blend scaffolds differ in porous morphology, elasticity, swelling behavior, and biochemical composition. The new composite scaffold with SSP1 showed an increased swelling degree and soft tissue like elastic properties. Whereas, in vitro cultivation of LNCaP cells demonstrated an increased growth behavior and spheroid formation within chitosan blended scaffolds based on its remarkable porosity, which supports nutrient supply matrix. Results of this study suggest that silk fibroin matrices are sufficient and certain SF composite scaffolds even improve 3D cell cultivation for prostate cancer research compared to matrices based on pure biomaterials or synthetic polymers.
Structural and functional neural correlates of spatial navigation: a combined voxel‐based morphometry and functional connectivity study
Authors: Hao Xin , Huang Yi , Li Xueting , Song Yiying , Kong Xiangzhen , Wang Xu , Yang Zetian , Zhen Zonglei , Liu Jia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionNavigation is a fundamental and multidimensional cognitive function that individuals rely on to move around the environment. In this study, we investigated the neural basis of human spatial navigation ability.MethodsA large cohort of participants (N > 200) was examined on their navigation ability behaviorally and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were then used to explore the corresponding neural basis of spatial navigation.ResultsThe gray matter volume (GMV) of the bilateral parahippocampus (PHG), retrosplenial complex (RSC), entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus (HPC), and thalamus (THAL) was correlated with the participants’ self‐reported navigational ability in general, and their sense of direction in particular. Further fMRI studies showed that the PHG, RSC, and EC selectively responded to visually presented scenes, whereas the HPC and THAL showed no selectivity, suggesting a functional division of labor among these regions in spatial navigation. The resting‐state functional connectivity analysis further revealed a hierarchical neural network for navigation constituted by these regions, which can be further categorized into three relatively independent components (i.e., scene recognition component, cognitive map component, and the component of heading direction for locomotion, respectively).ConclusionsOur study combined multi‐modality imaging data to illustrate that multiple brain regions may work collaboratively to extract, integrate, store, and orientate spatial information to guide navigation behaviors.
Bioprocess development workflow: Transferable physiological knowledge instead of technological correlations
Authors: Reichelt Wieland N. , Haas Florian , Sagmeister Patrick , Herwig Christoph 
Published: October 2016

Microbial bioprocesses need to be designed to be transferable from lab scale to production scale as well as between setups. Although substantial effort is invested to control technological parameters, usually the only true constant parameter is the actual producer of the product: the cell. Hence, instead of solely controlling technological process parameters, the focus should be increasingly laid on physiological parameters. This contribution aims at illustrating a workflow of data life cycle management with special focus on physiology. Information processing condenses the data into physiological variables, while information mining condenses the variables further into physiological descriptors. This basis facilitates data analysis for a physiological explanation for observed phenomena in productivity. Targeting transferability, we demonstrate this workflow using an industrially relevant Escherichia coli process for recombinant protein production and substantiate the following three points: (1) The postinduction phase is independent in terms of productivity and physiology from the preinduction variables specific growth rate and biomass at induction. (2) The specific substrate uptake rate during induction phase was found to significantly impact the maximum specific product titer. (3) The time point of maximum specific titer can be predicted by an easy accessible physiological variable: while the maximum specific titers were reached at different time points (19.8 ± 7.6 h), those maxima were reached all within a very narrow window of cumulatively consumed substrate dSn (3.1 ± 0.3 g/g). Concluding, this contribution provides a workflow on how to gain a physiological view on the process and illustrates potential benefits. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:261–270, 2017
Vacuum drying of cyclohexane from solvent‐extracted oil sands gangue
Authors: Renaud Richard , Pal Krupal , Weiß Tobias , Choi Phillip , Liu Qi , Gray Murray R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSolvent‐based extraction has the potential to give higher bitumen recovery from mined oil sands without further accumulation of tailings ponds. A crucial aspect of this technology is the recovery of solvent from the solid waste stream, or gangue. Experiments were performed on gangue after cyclohexane extraction from high‐ and low‐grade oil sand ores to determine the effects of drying temperatures from 25 to 105 °C and pressures from 30 to 95 kPa. Increasing temperature and decreasing pressure both increased the mass flux of evaporating cyclohexane. The maximum mass flux of cyclohexane correlated strongly with cyclohexane vapour pressure at the oven temperature. The total time required to reach a target residual cyclohexane concentration of 250 mg/kg followed a power law relationship with both temperature and pressure, ranging from 300 to 9000 s depending on oven temperature and pressure. Evaporation of solvent was slower from the gangue from low‐grade ore, with a total completion time 3.2 ± 0.9 (n = 33) times longer compared to gangue from high‐grade ore at the same temperature and pressure. The higher water and fines contents of the gangue from low‐grade ore likely contributed to this result.
Prediction of Cu(II) biosorption performances on wild mushrooms Lactarius piperatus using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model
Authors: Indolean Cerasella , Măicăneanu Andrada , Cristea Vasile‐Mircea 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis work investigates the possible usage of edible mushrooms as support for metabolic quantities of copper. Biosorption potential of natural and biodegradable matrix formed from wild Lactarius piperatus mushrooms, in suspension (LP) and alginate immobilized based beads (LPAB), was explored. The effects of biomass quantity, Cu(II) concentration, and temperature were assessed. LPAB showed better adsorption capacity (7.67 mg/g) by comparison to LP biosorbent (6.43 mg/g). Also, biosorption efficiencies up to 76 and 99 % for LP and LPAB (for the same quantity of biomass, 2 g), respectively, were obtained. Furthermore, a multilayer feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed in order to predict the biosorption efficiency. The trained ANNs, for LP and LAPB biosorbents, showed good correlation (R = 0.998) between the predicted and experimental biosorption efficiency, associated to reduced mean relative errors and demonstrated that the ANN has a good generalization potential. 1–2 g of Lactarius piperatus mushroom, as powder or in alginate‐based beads containing Cu(II), could be used as a dietary supplement in order to supply the daily copper demand of the organism.
Differences in treatment goals and perception of symptom burden between patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and hematologists/oncologists in the United States: Findings from the MPN Landmark survey
Authors: Mesa Ruben A. , Miller Carole B. , Thyne Maureen , Mangan James , Goldberger Sara , Fazal Salman , Ma Xiaomei , Wilson Wendy , Paranagama Dilan C. , Dubinski David G. , Naim Ahmad , Parasuraman Shreekant , Boyle John , Mascarenhas John O. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDThis analysis of the myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) Landmark survey evaluated gaps between patient perceptions of their disease management and physician self‐reported practices.METHODSThe survey included 813 patient respondents who had MPNs (myelofibrosis [MF], polycythemia vera [PV], or essential thrombocythemia [ET]) and 457 hematologist/oncologist respondents who treated patients with these conditions.RESULTSGreater proportions of physician respondents reported using prognostic risk classifications (MF, 83%; PV, 59%; ET, 77%) compared with patient recollections (MF, 54%; PV, 17%; ET, 31%). Most physician respondents reported that their typical symptom assessments included asking patients about the most important symptoms or a full list of symptoms, whereas many patient respondents reported less specific assessments (eg, they were asked how they were feeling). Many patient respondents did not recognize common symptoms as MPN‐related. For example, approximately one‐half or more did not believe difficulty sleeping resulted from their MPN (MF, 49%; PV, 64%; ET, 76%). Physician respondents underestimated the proportion of patients who had symptomatic PV or ET at diagnosis compared with patient respondents. There was discordance regarding treatment goals: among patient respondents with MF or PV, “slow/delay progression of condition” was the most important treatment goal, whereas physician respondents reported “symptom improvement” and “prevention of vascular/thrombotic events,” respectively. Finally, more than one‐third of patient respondents were not “very satisfied” with their physician's overall management/communication.CONCLUSIONSThe care and satisfaction of patients with MPN may be improved with increased patient education and improved patient‐physician communication. Cancer 2017;123:449–458. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Community disassembly in ephemeral ecosystems
Authors: O'Neill Brian J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCommunity disassembly is the non‐random process of progressive species declines and losses. This process is usually studied to determine how various forces extirpate species, such as catastrophic disturbance, species invasions, habitat fragmentation, or unnatural/anthropogenic stressors. However, in ephemeral ecosystems, community disassembly is a natural and repeatable process. While many ephemeral ecosystems are aquatic (vernal pools, playa lakes, rock pools, saline lakes, phytotelmata, etc.), some disassembly patterns are applicable to other ecosystem types, including terrestrial ecosystems. As ephemeral waterbodies near the end of their hydroperiod, certain aspects fundamentally change. These fundamental changes or mechanisms cause visible patterns of community disassembly. Decreasing habitat size eliminates microhabitats and increases encounter rates between organisms, possibly increasing predation and competition. A harshening habitat eliminates low‐tolerance species, changes the proportions of specialists/generalists, and forces organisms to acclimate, emigrate, or die. Additionally, ultraviolet light affects more of the water column, eliminating unprotected species. Furthermore, the entire metacommunity is often in similar stages of disassembly and collapses. Many of these mechanisms drive disassembly of terrestrial ephemeral habitats, such as animal carcasses, dung pads, or fungal fruiting bodies. Organisms obligate to ephemeral habitats have evolved to optimize their life history for a rapid life cycle with specific adaptations for themselves or their offspring to survive through the inactive period of the ecosystem. While some disassembly may occur too fast for biotic interactions or compensatory dynamics to be important, organisms undergoing natural disassembly should “expect” it. Thus, predictions of disassembly based on internal or biotic patterns may be more common in natural disassembly scenarios than in human‐induced disassembly of permanent ecosystems. Additionally, natural community disassembly should be more predictable and understandable than a permanent community's reaction to a never‐before‐seen anthropogenic disturbance. Community disassembly is an important ecological component of ephemeral ecosystems. The processes that occur during disassembly shape assemblages over ecologically and evolutionary relevant timescales. Understanding how natural disassembly can feed back to ultimately drive ecosystem structure and function increases our knowledge of fundamental ecology and provides for a new frontier of study.
Frugal energy innovations for developing countries – a framework
Authors: Numminen Sini , Lund Peter D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFrugal innovations have recently emerged to feature low‐cost technologies and business innovations to serve consumers in emerging markets and improve their quality of life. Although the concept of frugality is well known, the present literature on frugal energy innovations, or energy frugality, is scarce, which could lead to overlooking its true characteristics. Therefore, we propose a framework for defining energy frugality based on a detailed analysis of several low‐cost sustainable energy technologies. The five‐criteria assessment method developed will help to identify potential frugal energy innovations and will increase the adoption of these technologies through better matching to local needs. Fuel‐efficient biomass cooking stoves, small‐scale photovoltaic systems, and pico‐grids are examples of such frugal energy technologies.
Three‐dimensional direct cell bioprinting for tissue engineering
Authors: Ozler Saime Burce , Bakirci Ezgi , Kucukgul Can , Koc Bahattin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBioprinting is a relatively new technology where living cells with or without biomaterials are printed layer‐by‐layer in order to create three‐dimensional (3D) living structures. In this article, novel bioprinting methodologies are developed to fabricate 3D biological structures directly from computer models using live multicellular aggregates. Multicellular aggregates made out of at least two cell types from fibroblast, endothelial and smooth muscle cells are prepared and optimized. A novel bioprinting approach is proposed in order to continuously extrude cylindrical multicellular aggregates through the bioprinter's glass microcapillaries. The multicellular aggregates are first aspirated into a capillary and then compressed to form a continuous cylindrical multicellular bioink. To overcome surface tension‐driven droplet formation, the required compression ratio is calculated. Based on the developed bioprinting strategies, multicellular aggregates and their support structures are bioprinted to form 3D tissue constructs with predefined shapes. The effect of the bioprinting process was examined for fusion, cell viability at different compression ratios, and f‐actin cytoskeletal organization. The results show that the bioprinted 3D constructs fuse rapidly and have high cell viability after printing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2530–2544, 2017.
Substitutional limit of gadolinium inβ‐tricalcium phosphate and its magnetic resonance imaging characteristics
Authors: Meenambal Rugmani , Poojar Pavan , Geethanath Sairam , Kannan S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo compensate the limitations of bone tissue magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a series of gadolinium (Gd3+) substitutedβ‐Tricalcium phosphate [β‐TCP,β‐Ca3(PO4)2] were developed. All the powders were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of the XRD data and the studies confirmed the Gd3+occupancy at Ca2+(1), Ca2+(2) and Ca2+(3) lattice sites ofβ‐Ca3(PO4)2.HR‐TEM analysis revealed the spherical nature of particles with diameter about 100 nm. The Gd3+dopedβ‐Ca3(PO4)2exhibited non‐toxic behaviour to MG‐63 cellsin vitroand the room temperature magnetic field versus magnetization measurements confirmed its paramagnetic behaviour. MRI analysis revelas that it shorten bothT1andT2proton relaxation times, thus influencing bothr1andr2relaxivity values that reach 61.97 mM−1s−1and 73.35 mM−1s−1. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2545–2552, 2017.
Morphology evolution and excellent visible‐light photocatalytic activity of BiOBr hollow microspheres
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Geng Lei , Guo Yihang , Guo Yingna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiOBr is considered a competitive candidate TiO2‐alternative visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst owing to the unique layered structure and suitable band gap. In order to improve the inherent photocatalytic activity of BiOBr further, BiOBr hollow microspheres were prepared by a solvothermal system of Bi(NO3)3/CTAB/2‐methoxyethanol/PVP, and their visible‐light photocatalytic performance was evaluated by the degradation of colorless p‐nitrophenol (PNP) and bisphenol A (BPA).RESULTSBiOBr hollow microspheres exhibited superior visible‐light photocatalytic activity to their solid spherical or flowerlike counterparts in the decomposition of aqueous PNP and BPA as well as Degussa P25 TiO2. Superoxide radicals and photogenerated holes were confirmed to be responsible for the complete oxidization of the target pollutants. Additionally, BiOBr hollow microspheres can be reused five times without obvious activity loss.CONCLUSIONSFormation of BiOBr hollow microspheres followed oriented attachment and inside‐out Ostwald ripening growth as well as the synergetic effect between 2‐methoxyethanol and PVP, and the excellent photocatalytic activity of BiOBr hollow microspheres is due to the improved light‐harvesting efficiency, larger BET surface area, increased contact between the active species and target pollutants, shortened mass transfer and diffusion distance as well as fast interfacial charge carrier separation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiosynthesis of novel pitavastatin derivative ([18F]PTV‐F1) as a tracer for hepatic OATP using a one‐pot synthetic procedure
Authors: Kimura Hiroyuki , Yagi Yusuke , Arimitsu Kenji , Maeda Kazuya , Ikejiri Kazuaki , Takano Jun‐ichi , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Kagawa Shinya , Ono Masahiro , Sugiyama Yuichi , Saji Hideo 
Published: October 2016

Pitavastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent, a potent inhibitor of 3‐hydroxymethyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase, which is selectively taken up into the liver mainly via hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1). OATP1B1 can accept a variety of organic anions, and previous reports indicated that it is responsible for the hepatic clearance of several clinically used anionic drugs. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics and the hepatic distribution of pitavastatin provide an insight into the function of OATP1B1 in humans. For the development of the in vivo evaluation of OATP1B1 function by positron emission tomography imaging, we designed a novel [18F]pitavastatin derivative ([18F]PTV‐F1), in which a [18F]fluoroethoxy group is substituted for the [18F]fluoro group of [18F]pitavastatin, with the aim of convenient radiolabeling protocol and high radiochemical yield. In vitro studies suggested that transport activities of PTV‐F1 mediated by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were very similar to those of pitavastatin and PTV‐F1 was metabolically stable in human liver microsomes. In the radiosynthesis of [18F]PTV‐F1 from the tosylate precursor, nucleophilic fluorination and subsequent deprotection were performed using a one‐pot procedure. [18F]PTV‐F1 was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 45% ± 3% (n = 3), and the operating time for the radiosynthesis of [18F]PTV‐F1 is very short (30 minutes) compared with [18F]pitavastatin.
Measurement of fat content in vertebral marrow using a modified dixon sequence to differentiate benign from malignant processes
Authors: Yoo Hye Jin , Hong Sung Hwan , Kim Dong Hyun , Choi Ja‐Young , Chae Hee Dong , Jeong Bo Mi , Ahn Joong Mo , Kang Heung Sik 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo determine whether fat‐signal‐fraction (FF) map using a modified Dixon sequence could help differentiate benign from malignant bone lesions.Materials and MethodsSpine magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 120 consecutive patients were studied by using a 3T MRI with standard T1‐weighted image (T1WI) and modified‐Dixon sequence for FF measurement. There were three groups: a control group (n = 51) with normal vertebrae; a benign group (n = 40) with focal red marrow deposition, Schmorl's nodes, benign compression fracture, or Modic type 1 endplate degeneration; a malignant group (n = 29) with spinal malignancies. The following three parameters were measured on T1WI and FF map by two radiologists independently: T1 signal intensity (SI), FF and T1 SI of normal disc (SI). Then, Lesion‐to‐disc ratio (LDR = SI of the lesion/SId) and FF ratio of lesion and normal marrow were calculated. The mean values of the parameters were compared among the groups and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. Then a logistic regression was performed.ResultsThe FF (2.8%) and FF ratio (0.082) of malignancy were lower than benign lesions (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the LDR between malignancy and Schmorl's nodes (P = 0.795) or a benign compression fracture (P = 0.866). The areas under the ROC curves of FF and FF ratio were 93% and 87%, respectively, which were higher than those of the other parameters used for differentiation (P < 0.001). In logistic regression analyses, FF remained a significant variable that could be used to independently differentiate benign from malignant lesions, with an odds ratio of 1.9 (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe FF and FF ratio obtained from FF maps using modified‐Dixon sequence could be used to distinguish between benign and malignant causes of focal bone marrow abnormalities when difficulty in the qualitative interpretation of conventional MR images arises.Level of Evidence: 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1534–1544