bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and resiliency factors related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: The identity disruption model
Authors: Vartanian Lenny R. , Hayward Lydia E. , Smyth Joshua M. , Paxton Susan J. , Touyz Stephen W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined a theoretical model (the identity disruption model) linking negative early life experiences to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating via self‐concept clarity and sociocultural factors (internalization of beauty ideals and appearance comparison tendencies).Method1,023 participants (52% women) completed a series of questionnaires online, including measures of negative early life experiences and childhood abuse, self‐concept clarity, internalization of beauty ideals, appearance comparison tendencies, sociocultural pressure to improve one's appearance, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating.ResultsStructural equation modeling indicated that self‐reported early adversity was associated with lower self‐concept clarity, which in turn was associated with greater internalization of beauty ideals and more frequent appearance comparisons. Internalization and appearance comparisons were associated with body image concerns, which in turn were associated with disordered eating and exercise behaviors. There were few sex differences in these paths.DiscussionThese findings provide initial conceptual support for the identity disruption model and extend previous models of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating to include processes that occur earlier in life. This model opens up the possibility for new interventions that are targeted toward those who are most vulnerable to developing body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.
Refinement of a theoretical trait space for North American trees via environmental filtering
Authors: Fell Michael , Ogle Kiona 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe refer to a theoretical trait space (TTS) as an n‐dimensional hypervolume (hypercube) characterizing the range of values and covariations among multiple functional traits, in the absence of explicit filtering mechanisms. We previously constructed a 32‐dimensional TTS for North American trees by fitting the Allometrically Constrained Growth and Carbon Allocation (ACGCA) model to USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data. Here, we sampled traits from this TTS, representing different individual “trees,” and subjected these trees to a series of gap dynamics simulations resulting in different annual light levels to explore the impact of environmental filtering (light stress) on the trait space. Variation in light limitation led to non‐random mortality and a refinement of the TTS. We investigated potential mechanisms underlying such filtering processes by exploring how traits and the environment relate to mortality rates at the tree, phenotype (a specific set of trait values), and stand (a specific gap scenario) levels. The average light level at the forest floor explained 42% of the stand‐level mortality, while phenotype‐ and tree‐level mortality were best explained by six functional traits, especially radiation‐use efficiency, maximum tree height, and xylem conducting area to sapwood area ratio (γX). These six “mortality” traits and six traits related to the leaf and wood economics spectra were used to construct trait hypercubes represented by trees that died or survived each gap scenario. For trees that survived, the volume of their refined trait space decreased linearly with increasing stand‐level mortality (up to ~50% mortality); the location also shifted, as indicated by non‐zero distances between the hypercube centroids of surviving trees compared to dead trees and the original TTS. Overall, the patterns were consistent with empirical studies of functional traits, in terms of which traits predict mortality and the direction of the relationships. This work, however, also identified potentially important functional traits that are not commonly measured in empirical studies, such as γX and senescence rates of relatively long‐lived tissues.
MADA: Malagasy Animal trait Data Archive
Authors: Razafindratsima Onja H. , Yacoby Yasmin , Park Daniel S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSpecies are characterized by their behavioral, physiological, and ecological attributes, which determine their role in ecosystems. In turn, ecosystems and their functions are defined by the species that inhabit them. Thus, evaluating the functional diversity and distributions of species is of utmost importance to studies of biogeography, community ecology, macroevolution, and conservation. The functional diversity of species are determined by traits such as diet, foraging strata, trophic level, activity cycle, litter size, generation length, habitat breadth, and body mass. While there has been a recent growth of information regarding the vertebrate taxa of Madagascar, this information is not always easy to access (non‐digitized), and is often fragmented by taxon, location, trait, or combinations thereof. Here, we present the Malagasy Animal trait Data Archive (MADA), a compilation of these and other functional traits, representing the ecological and geographical diversity of all 214 extant mammal and 242 bird species of Madagascar. Data were collected from extensive literature reviews. This Archive is currently limited by select cases of missing data, errors, and uncertainty in the literature; however, it represents the most comprehensive collection of functional trait data of Malagasy mammals and birds to date. The structure of the database allows for different levels of information (and specificity) in each entry and organization by taxon, range, bioclimate, and trait. MADA will be continuously updated as new data become available. Potential uses of MADA include ecological research on the trait or trophic structure of communities, inquiries regarding the mechanisms of community assembly, comparative studies of functionally (dis)similar species, and conservation efforts concerned with the loss of ecosystem function. Madagascar is simultaneously home to one of the most exclusive, diverse, and endangered faunas of the world, making MADA a uniquely valuable resource for biodiversity science and conservation. No copyright restrictions are associated with this dataset. We would appreciate that researchers cite this paper if using all or part of the datasets.
Propagules are not all equal: traits of vegetative fragments and disturbance regulate invasion success
Authors: Uyà Marc , Bulleri Fabio , Gribben Paul E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInvasion success is regulated by multiple factors. While the roles of disturbance and propagule pressure in regulating the establishment of non‐native species are widely acknowledged, that of propagule morphology (a proxy for quality) is poorly known. By means of a multi‐factorial field experiment, we tested how the number (5 vs. 10) and quality (intact, without fronds or without rhizoids) of fragments of the clonal invasive seaweed, Caulerpa cylindracea, influenced its ability to establish in patches of the native seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, exposed to different intensities of disturbance (0, 50, or 100% reduction in canopy cover). We hypothesized that the ability of fragments to establish would be greater for intact fragments (high quality) and reduced more by frond removal (low quality) than rhizoid removal (intermediate quality). At low propagule pressure or quality, fragment establishment was predicted to increase with increasing disturbance, whereas, at high propagule pressure or quality, it was predicted to be high regardless of disturbance intensity. Disturbance intensity, fragment number and quality had independent effects on C. cylindracea establishment success. Disturbance always facilitated fragment establishment. However, fragments retaining fronds, either intact or deprived of rhizoids, had higher establishment success than fragments deprived of fronds. Increasing propagule number had weak effects on the cover of C. cylindracea. Our results demonstrate that propagule traits enabling the acquisition of resources made available by disturbance can be more important than propagule number in determining the establishment and spread of clonal non‐native plants. More generally, our study suggests that propagule quality is a key, yet underexplored, determinant of invasion success.
Biosurfactant production by Mucor circinelloides: Environmental applications and surface‐active properties
Authors: Hasani zadeh Parvin , Moghimi Hamid , Hamedi Javad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiosurfactants are structurally a diverse group of surface‐active molecules widely used for various purposes in industry. In this study, among 120 fungal isolates, M‐06 was selected as a superior biosurfactant producer, based on different standard methods, and was identified as Mucor circinelloides on the basis of its nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. M. circinelloides reduced the surface tension to 26 mN/m and its EI24 index was determined to be 66.6%. The produced biosurfactant exhibited a high degree of stability at a high temperature (121°C), salinity (40 g/L), and acidic pH (2–8). The fermentation broth's ability to recover oil from contaminated sand was 2 and 1.8 times higher than those of water and Tween 80, respectively. The ability of biosurfactant to emulsify crude oil in the sea and fresh water was 64.9 and 48% respectively. This strain could remove 87.6% of crude oil in the Minimal Salt Medium (MSM) crude oil as the sole carbon source. The results from a primary chemical characterization of crude biosurfactant suggest that it is of a glycolipid nature. The strain and its biosurfactant could be used as a potent candidate in bioremediation of oil‐contaminated water, soil, and for oil recovery processes.
Probabilistic‐based secrecy rate maximisation for MIMOME wiretap channels: Towards novel convexification procedures—Part II
Authors: Zamanipour Makan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper extends our previous work on multiple‐input–multiple‐output multiantenna eavesdropper–based wiretap channels aimed at fundamentally proposing optimally secure frameworks. This extension is appropriately conducted providing 2 newly asymptotic bounds for the secrecy outage capacity. Such proposed schemes should be necessarily taken into consideration owing to channel uncertainty sets in relation to the eavesdropping fusion center. Our first resultant closed‐form solution, which is mathematically performed according to Hanson‐Wright inequality, is totally tight as well; something that can be technically assigned to other ergodicity‐driven equilibria. Specifically, our solution's outperformance is highlighted with regard to a significantly more adequate secrecy capacity in the low signal‐to‐noise‐ratio regime. Such outperformance is efficiently guaranteed due to assigning optimally convex paradigms regarding the concentration‐of‐measure‐based inequality aforementioned. Additionally, our framework has a markedly acceptable computational complexity compared with our previous work. The latter characteristic is straightforwardly highlighted in parallel with a considerably acceptable computational error as well. Finally, we optimally generalise our framework to dynamically fast fading processes in terms of the secondly closed‐form asymptotic bound. At the end of the discussion, simulation‐based analytical results principally authenticate our contribution's efficiency and tightness.
Improved third‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme
Authors: Gande Naga Raju , Rathod Yogita , Samala Rathan 
Published: February 2018

SummaryA new third‐order WENO scheme is proposed to achieve the desired order of convergence at the critical points for scalar hyperbolic equations. A new reference smoothness indicator is introduced, which satisfies the sufficient condition on the weights for the third‐order convergence. Following the truncation error analysis, we have shown that the proposed scheme achieves the desired order accurate for smooth solutions with arbitrary number of vanishing derivatives if the parameter ε satisfies certain conditions. We have made a comparative study of the proposed scheme with the existing schemes such as WENO‐JS, WENO‐Z, and WENO‐N3 through different numerical examples. The result shows that the proposed scheme (WENO‐MN3) achieves better performance than these schemes.
Mold infestation and aflatoxins production in traditionally processed spices and aromatic herbs powder mostly used in West Africa
Authors: Akpo‐Djènontin Djinoumi Olivia Opportune , Gbaguidi Fernand , Soumanou Mohamed M. , Anihouvi Victor B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMold infestation and occurrence of aflatoxins were investigated in 66 samples of dried spices and aromatic herbs powder (SAH) as commercialized in Benin and its neighboring countries. The samples were randomly collected from markets, supermarkets, and processing sites. Mold counts were enumerated according to standard method and aflatoxins levels were assessed using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FLD). The results revealed that mold counts of samples ranged between 2.62 and 4.34 LogCFU/g. Aflatoxin B1 contents were between 0.46 μg/kg and 84.84 μg/kg with 40% of samples exceeding the recommended limit of 5 μg/kg. Aflatoxins G1 and G2 levels were low in general with means values varying from 0.24 to 8.56 μg/kg, and 0.11 to 3.68 μg/kg, respectively. Fifty‐two percent (52%) of samples analyzed contained total aflatoxins levels lower than the stipulated limit of 10 μg/kg, whereas 92% of them were contaminated at various levels with one type aflatoxin, B1 or B2, G1 or G2. This study provides the first information about the occurrence of aflatoxins in the common spices used in West Africa.
Determination of geographical origin Turkish hazelnuts according to fatty acid composition
Authors: Tüfekci Fikret , Karataş Şükrü 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on detecting geographical origin of round type hazelnut (Corylus avellena L.) in Turkey using fatty acid (FA) composition. The samples were collected from Western, Central, and Eastern Black Sea regions between 2015 and 2016. FA profiles were determined by gas chromatography (GC), and most abundant fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1) followed by linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), and stearic acid (C18:1). The effect of geographical origin on the fatty acid profile of hazelnut oils was statistically analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results showed that the Central Black Sea region had high content of total saturated fatty acids (%8.45), total monounsaturated fatty acids (%83.54), low content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (%7.85), and Eastern Black Sea region had high content of linoleic (%9.10) and linolenic acid (%0.096). Six fatty acids (C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1) identified by LDA provide 86.2% of correct predictions.
p53 and NF 1 loss plays distinct but complementary roles in glioma initiation and progression
Authors: Gonzalez Phillippe P. , Kim Jungeun , Galvao Rui Pedro , Cruickshanks Nichola , Abounader Roger , Zong Hui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMalignant glioma is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Understanding how the cell of origin progressively evolves toward malignancy in greater detail could provide mechanistic insights and lead to novel concepts for tumor prevention and therapy. Previously we have identified oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) as the cell of origin for glioma following the concurrent deletion of p53 and NF1 using a mouse genetic mosaic system that can reveal mutant cells prior to malignancy. In the current study, we set out to deconstruct the gliomagenic process in two aspects. First, we determined how the individual loss of p53 or NF1 contributes to aberrant behaviors of OPCs. Second, we determined how signaling aberrations in OPCs progressively change from pre‐malignant to transformed stages. We found that while the deletion of NF1 leads to mutant OPC expansion through increased proliferation and decreased differentiation, the deletion of p53 impairs OPC senescence. Signaling analysis showed that, while PI3K and MEK pathways go through stepwise over‐activation, mTOR signaling remains at the basal level in pre‐transforming mutant OPCs but is abruptly up‐regulated in tumor OPCs. Finally, inhibiting mTOR via pharmacological or genetic methods, led to a significant blockade of gliomagenesis but had little impact on pre‐transforming mutant OPCs, suggesting that mTOR is necessary for final transformation but not early progression. In summary, our findings show that deconstructing the tumorigenic process reveals specific aberrations caused by individual gene mutations and altered signaling events at precise timing during tumor progression, which may shed light on tumor‐prevention strategies.
Primary orbital melanoma treated with orbital exenteration and postoperative radiotherapy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Haskins Christopher P. , Nurkic Sommer , Fredenburg Kristianna M. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe report on a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive disease with a primary orbital melanoma treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation.MethodsA 53‐year‐old woman with HIV‐positive disease presented with left‐sided progressive ipsilateral vision loss and proptosis. An MRI scan revealed a mass‐enhancing lesion measuring 2.1 × 2.6 × 2.5 cm abutting the optic nerve. The patient underwent left orbital exenteration with temporalis flap reconstruction, pathology revealing malignant melanoma, stage T1N0M0. Posterior margins were positive and lymphovascular invasion was present; therefore, the patient received adjuvant radiation to a total dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions.ResultsThe patient remains with no evidence of disease (NED) at a follow‐up time of 3.5 years.ConclusionSurgery remains the mainstay of treatment in patients with primary orbital melanomas, and adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered for those with positive margins or other risk factors for recurrence. We present a patient with significant risk factors with NED at 3.5‐year follow‐up.
Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Talmi Yoav P. , Takes Robert P. , Alon Eran E. , Nixon Iain J. , López Fernando , de Bree Remco , Rodrigo Juan P. , Shaha Ashok R. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundLymph node ratio (LNR) is increasingly reported as a potential prognostic tool. The purpose of this review was to analyze the available literature on the prognostic significance of LNR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsA PubMed internet search was performed and articles meeting selection criteria were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies were identified in the literature dealing with the prognostic value of LNR. The published results are variable with a range of cutoff values of LNR associated with prognosis (overall survival [OS] and/or disease‐specific survival [DSS]) between 0.02 and 0.20, with an average of 0.09.ConclusionThe LNR is reported to be of value in assessing prognosis in the patients with HNSCC. Although it is easy to calculate and could be considered in the staging of these patients, the currently available evidence in the literature does not yet provide a solid base for implementation.
CA1 pyramidal neuron gene expression mosaics in the Ts65Dn murine model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease following maternal choline supplementation
Authors: Alldred Melissa J. , Chao Helen M. , Lee Sang Han , Beilin Judah , Powers Brian E. , Petkova Eva , Strupp Barbara J. , Ginsberg Stephen D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough there are changes in gene expression and alterations in neuronal density and afferent inputs in the forebrain of trisomic mouse models of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a lack of systematic assessments of gene expression and encoded proteins within individual vulnerable cell populations, precluding translational investigations at the molecular and cellular level. Further, no effective treatment exists to combat intellectual disability and basal forebrain cholinergic neurodegeneration seen in DS. To further our understanding of gene expression changes before and following cholinergic degeneration in a well‐established mouse model of DS/AD, the Ts65Dn mouse, we assessed RNA expression levels from CA1 pyramidal neurons at two adult ages (∼6 months of age and ∼11 months of age) in both Ts65Dn and their normal disomic (2N) littermates. We further examined a therapeutic intervention, maternal choline supplementation (MCS), which has been previously shown to lessen dysfunction in spatial cognition and attention, and have protective effects on the survival of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the Ts65Dn mouse model. Results indicate that MCS normalized expression of several genes in key gene ontology categories, including synaptic plasticity, calcium signaling, and AD‐associated neurodegeneration related to amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ) clearance. Specifically, normalized expression levels were found for endothelin converting enzyme‐2 (Ece2), insulin degrading enzyme (Ide), Dyrk1a, and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (Camk2a), among other relevant genes. Single population expression profiling of vulnerable CA1 pyramidal neurons indicates that MCS is a viable therapeutic for long‐term reprogramming of key transcripts involved in neuronal signaling that are dysregulated in the trisomic mouse brain which have translational potential for DS and AD.
The volatility trap: Precautionary saving, investment, and aggregate risk
Authors: Cherif Reda , Hasanov Fuad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe study the effects of permanent and temporary income shocks on precautionary saving and investment in a “store‐or‐sow” model of growth. High volatility of permanent shocks results in high precautionary saving in the safe asset and low investment or a “volatility trap,” namely, big savers invest relatively little. In contrast, low volatility of permanent shocks leads to low precautionary saving and high or low investment, depending on the volatility of temporary shocks. Empirical evidence shows a nonlinear relationship between investment and saving and that investment is a hump‐shaped function of the volatility of permanent shocks, as predicted by the model.
Rethinking Irrigation for Global Food Security
Authors: Kadiresan Kundhavi , Khanal Puspa Raj 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper highlights the increasing importance of irrigation for future food security in a changing context driven by economic growth, population growth and climate change impacts. Given the complexity of future irrigation management, it argues for a multilayered approach to water management that boosts ecosystem services and water productivity, promotes water conservation, maintains water quality across agriculture, fishery and livestock, facilitates multiple water use and their supply chains, and adopts bottom‐up participatory approaches right from local to river basin level. It further calls for reforms in policy and institutions and the increased capacity of the stakeholders to address future water management challenges. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.