bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Activity by Exposing (111) Facets of CoFe2O4 Octahedron on Graphene
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Guoxin , Li Wanxi , Li Xiaoming , Uchiyama Katsumi , Chen Chengmeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEfficient catalysts are required to promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in order to implant ORR‐involved clean energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. In this study, (111) facet‐exposed CoFe2O4 nano‐octahedrons crystals (NOCs) were grown on graphene via facile hydrothermal method and investigated as catalyst for ORR. The as‐made CoFe2O4 NOCs‐graphene composite exhibits very high activity towards ORR, meanwhile, excellent durability and very good tolerance to methanol were observed, which verifies the importance of exposing active facets of non‐precious metal‐based catalysts and also demonstrates its high potentials of replacing precious Pt for practical applications.
Polarity‐Dependant Intramolecular Charge Transfer Characteristics of 9‐Cyano‐10‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)anthracene: Photophysical Investigations
Authors: Gharat Poojan Milan , Muralidharan Sukumaran , Sundararajan Mahesh , Pal Haridas , Dutta Choudhury Sharmistha 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe photophysics of a newly synthesized donor‐acceptor substituted chromophore, 9‐cyano‐10‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)anthracene (CPAN), reveals interesting features that suggest the involvement of two types of charge transfer configurations in its excited state. Dual emission bands are observed in polar and nonpolar solvents due to fluorescence from both locally excited (LE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states. From detailed analysis of the time‐resolved fluorescence data, it is proposed that by increasing the polarity of the medium the nature of the emissive ICT state is switched from a molecular conformation that is more planar (ICT1) to one that is more twisted (ICT2), compared to the ground state. Preliminary geometry optimizationsand calculated molecular parameters of CPAN in the ground and excited states, lend support to the experimental results. Qualitative potential energy diagrams are presented to substantiate the proposed model and rationalize the observed photophysics.
Direct Conversion of Glycerol to Allyl Alcohol Over Alumina‐Supported Rhenium Oxide
Authors: Kon Yoshihiro , Araque Marcia , Nakashima Takuya , Paul Sébastien , Dumeignil Franck , Katryniok Benjamin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe deoxydehydration (DODH) of glycerol was studied using several Re‐based catalysts in the liquid phase under atmospheric pressure conditions. The best performance was observed over 10 wt.% ReOx/Al2O3 with 2‐hexanol as a reductive agent giving allyl alcohol with an exceptional yield of 91%. The reaction was confirmed to be catalysed heterogeneously, since the reaction stopped upon removal of the catalyst by hot filtration. The corresponding catalyst was further successfully reused three times without any leaching of rhenium species, as shown by elemental analysis. Based on the characterisation of the fresh and the spent catalyst by XPS and Raman spectroscopy, a reaction mechanism is proposed, which involves the redox‐couple Re(V) / Re(VII).
The effect of fluoride on the structure, function, and proteome of intestinal epithelia
Authors: Amadeu de Oliveira Flávia , MacVinish Lesley J. , Amin Simran , Herath Duleni , Jeggle Pia , Mela Ioanna , Pieri Maria , Sharma Chetanya , Jarvis Gavin E. , Levy Flávia M. , Santesso Mariana R. , Khan Zohaib N. , Leite Aline L. , Oliveira Rodrigo C. , Buzalaf Marília A. R. , Edwardson J. Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFluoride exposure is widespread, with drinking water commonly containing natural and artificially added sources of the ion. Ingested fluoride undergoes absorption across the gastric and intestinal epithelia. Previous studies have reported adverse gastrointestinal effects with high levels of fluoride exposure. Here, we examined the effects of fluoride on the transepithelial ion transport and resistance of three intestinal epithelia. We used the Caco‐2 cell line as a model of human intestinal epithelium, and rat and mouse colonic epithelia for purposes of comparison. Fluoride caused a concentration‐dependent decline in forskolin‐induced Cl– secretion and transepithelial resistance of Caco‐2 cell monolayers, with an IC50 for fluoride of about 3 mM for both parameters. In the presence of 5 mM fluoride, transepithelial resistance fell exponentially with time, with a t1/2 of about 7 hours. Subsequent imaging by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy showed structural abnormalities in Caco‐2 cell monolayers exposed to fluoride. The Young's modulus of the epithelium was not affected by fluoride, although proteomic analysis revealed changes in expression of a number of proteins, particularly those involved in cell–cell adhesion. In line with its effects on Caco‐2 cell monolayers, fluoride, at 5 mM, also had profound effects on Cl– secretion and transepithelial resistance of both rat and mouse colonic epithelia. Our results show that treatment with fluoride has major effects on the structure, function, and proteome of intestinal epithelia, but only at concentrations considerably higher than those likely to be encountered in vivo, when much lower fluoride doses are normally ingested on a chronic basis.
Symposia in undergraduate medical education: tailoring training in competencies to students’ needs
Authors: Reefman Karin , Daelmans Hester E. M. , Ursula M. H. Klumpers Ursula M. H. , Croiset Gerda 
Published: October 2017

Introduction In mastering competencies, it is a challenge to create training sessions which acknowledge individual students’ needs and are logistically feasible in the medical master’s program.
Methods Symposia were implemented in the medical master’s program to provide knowledge and training of skills in a number of topics, providing a positive contribution to students’ competencies and personal development. Each symposium contained a morning and afternoon program, structured around medical and societal themes addressing various competencies and covering current national and international events. Alternating interactive teaching methods were used. Students were asked to rate each daypart program on a 5-point Likert scale in terms of both teaching methods and content, and to comment on the best aspects of the symposium as well as areas for improvement. Scores higher than 3.5 were interpreted as a predominantly favourable outcome.
Results In 2016, 10 symposia were organized with an average of 108 attendees and a response rate of 63% (1,366 completed questionnaires). Mean overall scores on ‘teaching methods’ and ‘usefulness for professional development’ were 3.8 and 3.7, respectively. The overall results corresponded with a high level of student appreciation.
Conclusion Symposia offer a podium for training students in subject matter and competencies that is greatly appreciated. Using alternating interactive teaching methods, symposia are structured around medical and societal themes and adjusted to the latest developments and current events in healthcare. By allowing students to select the symposia they would like to participate in, a tailor-made medical master’s program in competencies is created.
John Dalton and the origin of the atomic theory: reassessing the influence of Bryan Higgins
Authors: GROSSMAN MARK I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDuring the years 1814–1819, William Higgins, an Irish chemist who worked at the Dublin Society, claimed he had anticipated John Dalton in developing the atomic theory and insinuated that Dalton was a plagiarist. This essay focuses not on William Higgins, but on his uncle Bryan Higgins, a well-known chemist of his day, who had developed his own theories of caloric and chemical combination, similar in many respects to that of Dalton. New evidence is first introduced addressing Bryan's disappearance from the scientific community after 1803. In his later years, Bryan apparently suffered from a condition resulting in a decline in his mental health, which explains why he never lodged any priority claims of his own against Dalton, or defended those of his nephew. Dalton's mention of Bryan's name in Part II ofA New System of Chemical Philosophy, his laboratory notebook entries, and a fresh look at his correspondence with chemist Thomas Charles Hope indicate that Dalton adopted a Higgins-like caloric model in 1803. Together these factors provide evidence to support the argument that Dalton learned of Bryan's theories via a meeting he had with William Allen on 10 July 1803. Existing evidence related to the origin of the atomic theory is worthy of re-examination in light of Dalton's possible prior knowledge of Bryan's work.
FURROWING PROWS: VARRO OF ATAX'SARGONAVTAEAND TRANSGRESSIVE SAILING IN VIRGIL'SAENEID
Authors: Polt Christopher B. 
Published: October 2017

Discussing different types of metaphor, Isidore of Seville quotes an anonymous fragment that uses agricultural vocabulary to describe the sailing of a ship in order to illustratemetaphorae ab inanimali ad inanimale‘metaphors taken from inanimate objects and applied to inanimate objects’ (Etym.1.37.3 = inc. fr. 63 Blänsdorf):1
Mansonella ozzardiand its vectors in the New World: an update with emphasis on the current situation in Haiti
Authors: Raccurt C.P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMansonella ozzardi(Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is a little studied filarial nematode. This human parasite, transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genusCulicoides) and blackflies (genusSimulium), is endemic to the Neotropical regions of the New World. With a patchy geographical distribution from southern Mexico to north-western Argentina, human infection withM. ozzardiis highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. Studies conducted in Haiti between 1974 and 1984 allowed the first complete description of the adult worm and permitted clarification of the taxonomic position of this filarial species. This paper reports the known geographical distribution ofM. ozzardiin Neotropical regions of the Americas, and focuses on the current situation in Haiti where this filariasis remains a completely neglected public health problem.
Laryngomalacia: is there an evidence base for management?
Authors: McCaffer C , Blackmore K , Flood L M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground:The advent of supraglottoplasty clearly has transformed the surgical management of severe laryngomalacia. The condition, however, generally runs a milder course, with spontaneous resolution the norm.Objectives:To identify gaps in the knowledge and identify topics for future study.Method:Systematic review of the literature.Results:The literature suggests that there is a range of abnormalities leading to the typical collapsing upper airway, and that neurological disease, other airway abnormalities, syndromes and gastroesophageal reflux all contribute to disease severity and influence outcomes. The procedures involved in supraglottoplasty are rarely specified, the indications for surgery are vaguely defined and the role of medical therapy is unclear.Conclusion:Every review article or survey of opinion suggests that there is still a marked variation in individual practice and a lack of consensus.
Flor do Abacate: Workers of African Descent, Dancing Associations and Nationality in Rio de Janeiro, 1898–1914
Authors: DE MIRANDA PEREIRA LEONARDO AFFONSO 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFrom the last years of the nineteenth century until the first decades of the twentieth, the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro witnessed a new social phenomenon: the proliferation, in every neighbourhood, of small dance clubs formed by workers. Noteworthy among them was the Flor do Abacate, a recreational society founded in 1906 by a group of men and women of African descent. Far from making any claim to ‘being African’, this association promoted balls and parades in which African cultural heritage was shown in conjunction with other cultural logics valued as modern and cosmopolitan. As a consequence, it constituted a model of recreational society, black and modern at the same time, which its members tried to associate to a national profile. The objective of this article is to analyse both the logic that explains the organisation of this dance society and the challenges that its members faced in consolidating it.
EXAMINING EVIDENCE IN U.S. PAYER COVERAGE POLICIES FOR MULTI-GENE PANELS AND SEQUENCING TESTS
Authors: Chambers James D. , Saret Cayla J. , Anderson Jordan E. , Deverka Patricia A. , Douglas Michael P. , Phillips Kathryn A. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the evidence payers cited in their coverage policies for multi-gene panels and sequencing tests (panels), and to compare these findings with the evidence payers cited in their coverage policies for other types of medical interventions.Methods: We used the University of California at San Francisco TRANSPERS Payer Coverage Registry to identify coverage policies for panels issued by five of the largest US private payers. We reviewed each policy and categorized the evidence cited within as: clinical studies, systematic reviews, technology assessments, cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), budget impact studies, and clinical guidelines. We compared the evidence cited in these coverage policies for panels with the evidence cited in policies for other intervention types (pharmaceuticals, medical devices, diagnostic tests and imaging, and surgical interventions) as reported in a previous study.Results: Fifty-five coverage policies for panels were included. On average, payers cited clinical guidelines in 84 percent of their coverage policies (range, 73–100 percent), clinical studies in 69 percent (50–87 percent), technology assessments 47 percent (33–86 percent), systematic reviews or meta-analyses 31 percent (7–71 percent), and CEAs 5 percent (0–7 percent). No payers cited budget impact studies in their policies. Payers less often cited clinical studies, systematic reviews, technology assessments, and CEAs in their coverage policies for panels than in their policies for other intervention types. Payers cited clinical guidelines in a comparable proportion of policies for panels and other technology types.Conclusions: Payers in our sample less often cited clinical studies and other evidence types in their coverage policies for panels than they did in their coverage policies for other types of medical interventions.
Evolutionary exobiology: towards the qualitative assessment of biological potential on exoplanets
Authors: Stevenson David S. , Large Sean 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA planet may be defined as habitable if it has an atmosphere and is warm enough to support the existence of liquid water on its surface. Such a world has the basic set of conditions that allow it to develop life similar to ours, which is carbon-based and has water as its universal solvent. While this definition is suitably vague to allow a fairly broad range of possibilities, it does not address the question as to whether any life that does form will become either complex or intelligent. In this paper, we seek to synthesize a qualitative definition of which subset of these ‘habitable worlds’ might develop more complex and interesting life forms. We identify two key principles in determining the capacity of life to breach certain transitions on route to developing intelligence. The first is the number of potential niches a planet provides. Secondly, the complexity of life will reflect the information density of its environment, which in turn can be approximated by the number of available niches. We seek to use these criteria to begin the process of placing the evolution of terrestrial life in a mathematical framework based on environmental information content. This is currently testable on Earth and will have clear application to the worlds that we are only beginning to discover. Our model links the development of complex life to the physical properties of the planet, something which is currently lacking in all evolutionary theory.
Three-dimensional scanless holographic optogenetics with temporal focusing (3D-SHOT)
Authors: Pégard Nicolas C. , Mardinly Alan R. , Oldenburg Ian Antón , Sridharan Savitha , Waller Laura , Adesnik Hillel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOptical methods capable of manipulating neural activity with cellular resolution and millisecond precision in three dimensions will accelerate the pace of neuroscience research. Existing approaches for targeting individual neurons, however, fall short of these requirements. Here we present a new multiphoton photo-excitation method, termed three-dimensional scanless holographic optogenetics with temporal focusing (3D-SHOT), which allows precise, simultaneous photo-activation of arbitrary sets of neurons anywhere within the addressable volume of a microscope. This technique uses point-cloud holography to place multiple copies of a temporally focused disc matching the dimensions of a neuron’s cell body. Experiments in cultured cells, brain slices, and in living mice demonstrate single-neuron spatial resolution even when optically targeting randomly distributed groups of neurons in 3D. This approach opens new avenues for mapping and manipulating neural circuits, allowing a real-time, cellular resolution interface to the brain.
Low frequency transcranial electrical stimulation does not entrain sleep rhythms measured by human intracranial recordings
Authors: Lafon Belen , Henin Simon , Huang Yu , Friedman Daniel , Melloni Lucia , Thesen Thomas , Doyle Werner , Buzsáki György , Devinsky Orrin , Parra Lucas C. , A. Liu Anli 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTranscranial electrical stimulation has widespread clinical and research applications, yet its effect on ongoing neural activity in humans is not well established. Previous reports argue that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can entrain and enhance neural rhythms related to memory, but the evidence from non-invasive recordings has remained inconclusive. Here, we measure endogenous spindle and theta activity intracranially in humans during low-frequency tACS and find no stable entrainment of spindle power during non-REM sleep, nor of theta power during resting wakefulness. As positive controls, we find robust entrainment of spindle activity to endogenous slow-wave activity in 66% of electrodes as well as entrainment to rhythmic noise-burst acoustic stimulation in 14% of electrodes. We conclude that low-frequency tACS at common stimulation intensities neither acutely modulates spindle activity during sleep nor theta activity during waking rest, likely because of the attenuated electrical fields reaching the cortical surface.
Microbial community-level regulation explains soil carbon responses to long-term litter manipulations
Authors: Georgiou Katerina , Abramoff Rose Z. , Harte John , Riley William J. , Torn Margaret S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimatic, atmospheric, and land-use changes all have the potential to alter soil microbial activity, mediated by changes in plant inputs. Many microbial models of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition have been proposed recently to advance prediction of climate and carbon (C) feedbacks. Most of these models, however, exhibit unrealistic oscillatory behavior and SOC insensitivity to long-term changes in C inputs. Here we diagnose the source of these problems in four archetypal models and propose a density-dependent formulation of microbial turnover, motivated by community-level interactions, that limits population sizes and reduces oscillations. We compare model predictions to 24 long-term C-input field manipulations and identify key benchmarks. The proposed formulation reproduces soil C responses to long-term C-input changes and implies greater SOC storage associated with CO2-fertilization-driven increases in C inputs over the coming century compared to recent microbial models. This study provides a simple modification to improve microbial models for inclusion in Earth System Models.
Direct observation of the nanoscale Kirkendall effect during galvanic replacement reactions
Authors: Chee See Wee , Tan Shu Fen , Baraissov Zhaslan , Bosman Michel , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGalvanic replacement (GR) is a simple and widely used approach to synthesize hollow nanostructures for applications in catalysis, plasmonics, and biomedical research. The reaction is driven by the difference in electrochemical potential between two metals in a solution. However, transient stages of this reaction are not fully understood. Here, we show using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy that silver (Ag) nanocubes become hollow via the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids inside the nanocubes, as they undergo GR with gold (Au) ions at different temperatures. These direct in situ observations indicate that void formation due to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect occurs in conjunction with GR. Although this mechanism has been suggested before, it has not been verified experimentally until now. These experiments can inform future strategies for deriving such nanostructures by providing insights into the structural transformations as a function of Au ion concentration, oxidation state of Au, and temperature.
Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein-α in platelets is inconsequential for thrombosis yet is utilized for tumor metastasis
Authors: Zhao Liang , Thorsheim Chelsea L. , Suzuki Aae , Stalker Timothy J. , Min Sang H. , Lian Lurong , Fairn Gregory D. , Cockcroft Shamshad , Durham Amy , Krishnaswamy Sriram , Abrams Charles S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPlatelets are increasingly recognized for their contributions to tumor metastasis. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide signaling modulated by phosphatidylinositol transfer protein type α (PITPα), a protein which shuttles phosphatidylinositol between organelles, is essential for platelet-mediated tumor metastasis. PITPα-deficient platelets have reduced intracellular pools of phosphoinositides and an 80% reduction in IP3 generation upon platelet activation. Unexpectedly, mice lacking platelet PITPα form thrombi normally at sites of intravascular injuries. However, following intravenous injection of tumor cells, mice lacking PITPα develop fewer lung metastases due to a reduction of fibrin formation surrounding the tumor cells, rendering the metastases susceptible to mucosal immunity. These findings demonstrate that platelet PITPα-mediated phosphoinositide signaling is inconsequential for in vivo hemostasis, yet is critical for in vivo dissemination. Moreover, this demonstrates that signaling pathways within platelets may be segregated into pathways that are essential for thrombosis formation and pathways that are important for non-hemostatic functions.