bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebuilding a Digital Frankenstein by 2018
Authors: Beshero-Bondar Elisa Eileen 
Published: August 2017

Digital editions were young in the 1990s, and the expansive possibilities of hypertext in that decade sharply distinguish early digital editions from the productions of our moment. The accessibility and simplicity of early HTML code made for innovative experiments with the size of a “page” and the way one might handle displays of variants, before “diffing” tools like the Versioning Machine and Juxta came to define how we usually imagine the digital comparison of texts.
This paper investigates the serious problems and vexing potentialities of “up-translation” when standards change, concentrating on work underway on a Bicentennial Frankenstein project. Our project is to produce a new, freshly collated digital edition in TEI based on the Frankenstein texts digitized by Romantic Circles, and incorporating a little-known publication of 1823 together with 1818 and 1831 versions currently represented. Readers in the past century are likely to have encountered either the 1818 or the 1831 edition but not the 1823, and we think that folding this text into our collation may help us to understand more about when and about how gradually some of the major alterations in the 1831 text (for example, to Victor Frankenstein's family members and the compression and reduction of a chapter in part I) occurred. The three print editions will be compared in parallel, and we will incorporate pointers to the Shelley-Godwin Archive’s edition of the MS Notebooks.
To prepare the collation we returned to the simplest original form of the current edition, the Pennsylvania Electronic Edition prepared by Stuart Curran and Jack Lynch in the 1990s. Exploring that edition exposes the ambitious intellectual scope of early web editions and raises important questions about how we built editions then vs. now. We do not build a new edition to replace the earlier work, which yet “lives” and is available on the web. But our work is a fresh start, not a seamless integration. This particular project’s encounter with an impressive early hypertext edition raises more general questions worthy of reflection towards theorizing the up-transformation process:

How do we understand the relationships among generations of digital editions?

What aspects of the old hypertext editions (or editions in formats not consistent with our own) transcend or exceed the structures we currently consider sustainable? What perspective might a thorough review of the first still extant hypertext editions contribute to our scholarly editing practice now?
Waning habitats due to climate change: the effects of changes in streamflow and temperature at the rear edge of the distribution of a cold-water fish
Authors: Santiago José María , Muñoz-Mas Rafael , Solana-Gutiérrez Joaquín , García de Jalón Diego , Alonso Carlos , Martínez-Capel Francisco , Pórtoles Javier , Monjo Robert , Ribalaygua Jaime 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Climate changes affect aquatic ecosystems by altering temperatures and precipitation patterns, and the rear edges of the distributions of cold-water species are especially sensitive to these effects. The main goal of this study was to predict in detail how changes in air temperature and precipitation will affect streamflow, the thermal habitat of a cold-water fish (the brown trout, Salmo trutta), and the synergistic relationships among these variables at the rear edge of the natural distribution of brown trout. Thirty-one sites in 14 mountain rivers and streams were studied in central Spain. Models of streamflow were built for several of these sites using M5 model trees, and a non-linear regression method was used to estimate stream temperatures. Nine global climate models simulations for Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were downscaled to the local level. Significant reductions in streamflow were predicted to occur in all of the basins (max. −49 %) by the year 2099, and seasonal differences were noted between the basins. The stream temperature models showed relationships between the model parameters, geology and hydrologic responses. Temperature was sensitive to streamflow in one set of streams, and summer reductions in streamflow contributed to additional stream temperature increases (max. 3.6 °C), although the sites that are most dependent on deep aquifers will likely resist warming to a greater degree. The predicted increases in water temperatures were as high as 4.0 °C. Temperature and streamflow changes will cause a shift in the rear edge of the distribution of this species. However, geology will affect the extent of this shift. Approaches like the one used herein have proven to be useful in planning the prevention and mitigation of the negative effects of climate change by differentiating areas based on the risk level and viability of fish populations.
Three-year assessment of one pre-licensure cohort of baccalaureate nursing students’ attitude, comfort and knowledge of genomics
Authors: Sharoff Leighsa 
Published: August 2017

Objective: Descriptive three-year comparison of one pre-licensure cohort of baccalaureate nursing students’ genomic knowledge, attitude and comfort level.Methods: Two analyses were of interest, utilizing the same survey instrument, Genetics/Genomics Literacy Assessment (GGLA): 1) Comparison of pre vs. post intervention on the sophomore (2nd year) class and 2) Retention of the information through junior (3rd year) and senior year (4th year). Two analyses were of interest: 1) Comparison of pre-class vs. post-class assessment on sophomore [2nd year] students and 2) Retention of the information through junior [3rd year] and senior year [4th year].Results: For the total score variable [retention of genomic knowledge over time] data was sophomore vs junior vs senior means of 7.1 vs. 6.9 vs. 8.7, p < .001 showing maintenance from sophomore (post-class assessment) to junior year with an increase in the senior year score for the cohort of students. Comparison of pre-class vs post-class on the sophomore class resulted in statistically significant differences demonstrating higher knowledge after class. Enhancement of confidence, perceptions and attitude regarding genomics was evident with comparison of pre-class vs. post-class and overtime after taking foundational course. Overall, data showed that students felt that nurse educators need more confidence in teaching and explaining as well as in patient advocacy.Conclusions: Promoting knowledge and practice integration of universal genomic health requires healthcare professionals, educators and students be knowledgeable and cognizant of their participation to advance client health outcomes.
Teaching professionalism to Saudi nursing students using guided reflection on clinical vignettes
Authors: Ahmad Eman R. , Qahtani Nourah Hasan Al , Nafee Hoda , Al-Eraky Mohamed 
Published: August 2017

Background and objective: Professionalism has to be explicitly taught in clinical rotations, yet little is reported about approaches for teaching professionalism in undergraduate nursing education. This study aims to educate undergraduate nursing students on professionalism using guided reflection on clinical vignettes.Methods: Real-life vignettes were designed to describe common professionalism dilemmas in Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing curriculum. Teachers used a set of seven questions to trigger discussions and guide reflection on each vignette. During the session, observation notes were taken by peers on teachers’ performance, students interaction and group dynamics during the sessions. After the session, students fill in a survey to report their feedback on the sessions.Results: A total of 91 third-year nursing students participated in the study felt as if they are professional nurses who manage real cases, with feedback from teachers. Students – in groups – were able to indicate stakeholders in each dilemma and advocate their decision. They enjoyed the sessions the highest mean (4.48 ± 0.93) and felt more prepared to encounter similar situations in their future clinical practice.Conclusions: Interactive sessions of guided reflections on professionalism dilemmas enabled students to reflect as individuals and in groups, to respect the scope of practice and acknowledge perspectives of different stakeholders. Apart from students’ feedback, teachers acknowledged essential competencies that have to be addressed while dealing with professionalism dilemmas. A couple of strategies were recommended for teaching professionalism in nursing education using guided reflection. Nursing students need to learn about: emotional intelligence, risk estimation, and strategies for interference in cases of conflict with colleagues, patients and their relatives, doctors in charge, and the fetus, if applicable, in Obstetrics. Guided reflection sessions on clinical dilemmas were found effective to teach professionalism in nursing students in Obstetrics and Gynecological nursing clinical experience.
Inhibitory action of Vernonia amygdalina extract (VAE) on the corrosion of carbon steel in acidic medium
Authors: Olawale Olamide , Adediran Adesoji Adeolu , Talabi Segun Isaac , Nwokocha Geraldine Chika , Ameh Alewo Opuada 
Published: August 2017

<p class="PaperTitle"><span lang="EN-GB">This study investigates the inhibition potential of Vernonia amygdalina stem extract (VAE) on the corrosion of mild carbon steel immersed in 1 M HCl solution containing various concentrations of the inhibitor. The corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were evaluated using mass loss and adsorption techniques. The results revealed that VAE efficiently inhibits the corrosion rate of mild carbon steel immersed in the acidic medium. The concentration of 0.6 g/L provides the highest inhibition efficiency of 78.1 %. The adsorption process was consistent with the physisorption mechanism and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The functional groups responsible for inhibition were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The surface morphology of the corroded samples examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of protective oxide layer. Inhibition efficiency was found depended on the presence of oxalate, phytate, tannins, saponins and flavonoids in the VAE. It has been concluded that VAE is safe, cheap and efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild carbon steel.</span></p>
Origens do realismo na teoria estética marxista do entreguerras
Authors: Cordeiro Marcos Rogério , Siffert Alysson Quirino 
Published: August 2017

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O objetivo deste artigo é apontar como percursos intelectuais distintos, na primeira metade do século XX, levaram importantes nomes da teoria estética a um método marxista comum, incorporado às discussões literárias no período entreguerras. Nesse sentido, busca-se demonstrar como o período formativo mais idealista do círculo de Bakhtin e dos formalistas russos, bem como o de György Lukács e de Walter Benjamin, não impediram que suas obras culminassem numa noção mais dialética e historicizada sobre o conceito estético de <em>realismo</em>. Assim, buscaremos enfatizar que a ideia de uma condensação não mecânica da realidade na forma artística é a baliza central de todos esses autores, e é o que, em última instância, mais unifica que aparta suas distintas teorias.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Realismo, Marxismo, Bakhtin, Lukács, Benjamin. </p>
Análise de um infográfico à luz da Teoria da Mesclagem Conceptual e da Semiótica Plástica greimasiana: a interdisciplinaridade a serviço da compreensão de um texto sincrético
Authors: Dos Santos Aline Nardes 
Published: August 2017

<p>Este trabalho tem por objetivo aproximar o aparato teórico da Teoria da Mesclagem Conceptual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002) às categorias de análise da Semiótica Plástica ou Visual (GREIMAS, 2004), de modo a compreender a construção de significados em um infográfico, cujo tema é a dificuldade de acesso ao aborto legal por mulheres pobres no contexto estadunidense. Por infográfico, entende-se um gênero sincrético que conjunge informações visuais e escritas, organizadas de modo a consolidar uma unidade de comunicação autônoma (CARVALHO; ARAGÃO, 2012). De modo geral, a análise empregada é qualitativa, compreendendo identificação das mesclagens conceptuais emergentes e verificação dos elementos visuais do infográfico que se relacionam a essas mesclagens a partir das categorias topológica, eidética e cromática. Como os resultados indicam, foi possível enriquecer a descrição das mesclagens conceptuais a partir do emprego das categorias plásticas greimasianas, visto que a própria mesclagem que estrutura o infográfico dá-se por meio da conjunção entre texto e imagem.</p>
Year‐round optical properties and source characterization of Arctic organic carbon aerosols on the North Slope Alaska
Authors: Barrett T. E. , Sheesley R. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLong‐term data on organic aerosol concentration and optical properties are needed in the Arctic to improve characterization of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols. This study presents the seasonal trends (summer 2012 to summer 2013) of organic carbon (OC) and water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) along with optical properties of light‐absorbing OC from a yearlong sampling campaign in Utqiaġvik, AK. Ambient OC concentrations for the year range from 0.008 ± 0.002 μg m−3 to 0.95 ± 0.06 μg m−3 with peaks in late summer, early fall, and late winter. On average, WSOC accounted for 57 ± 11% of the total OC burden throughout the sampling campaign, which is consistent with previous WSOC values. In order to understand the potential radiative impacts of light‐absorbing OC, the light absorption properties of WSOC were determined. Seasonal averaging revealed that the highest average mass absorption efficiency value of 1.54 ± 0.75 m2 g−1 was in the fall, with an annual range of 0.70 ± 0.44 to 1.54 ± 0.75 m2 g−1. To quantify the contributions of fossil and contemporary carbon sources to OC, radiocarbon abundance measurements were performed. For OC, fossil contributions were the greatest for select samples in the fall at 61.4 ± 9.8%, with contemporary contributions dominating OC in the spring and summer (68.9 ± 9.8% and 64.8 ± 9.8%, respectively). Back trajectories identified five major source regions to Utqiaġvik throughout the year, with a marine influence from the Arctic Ocean potentially present in all seasons. All these results point to impact from primary and secondary sources of OC in the Arctic.
Examining N cycling in the northern South China Sea from N isotopic signals in nitrate and particulate phases
Authors: Yang Jin‐Yu Terence , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Dai Minhan , Yan Xiuli , Lin Hui‐Ling 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNitrogen sources and dynamics, one of the key issues in marine biogeochemical cycles, remain poorly constrained in marginal seas. Here we examine the nitrogen cycle in the northern South China Sea (SCS) by combining data from previous reports with a new data set of N isotopic compositions (δ15N) of nitrate, zooplankton, and sinking particles. Average δ15N in subsurface nitrate is 4.8 ± 0.3‰, similar to that of sinking particles (δ15Nsink of 4.4‰) through the euphotic zone (EZ) collected by floating traps and to documented mean (4.6‰) for long‐term mooring traps at 200 m. This along with oft‐observed shallow nitracline (<100 m) suggests that subsurface nitrate is the primary source of new N to support export production. Moreover, δ15Nsink at the bottom of the EZ resembles those of suspended particles (4.2 ± 1.0‰) and zooplankton (5.4 ± 1.0‰) inside the EZ. High similarity in δ15N among various types of particles including zooplankton in different size fractions in the EZ implies rapid N turnover in the ecosystem. In deep waters at 2000–3000 m, however, additional particulate N fluxes are found due to lateral transport, which contain 15N‐depleted particles, resulting in a downward decreasing trend of δ15Nsink. Incorporation of lighter N by bacteria and selective export of picoplankton are proposed as alternative mechanisms contributing to low δ15Nsink in the deep waters. The significant δ15Nsink change in the deep water column makes the SCS different from most other marginal seas; thus, caution should be made when using sedimentary δ15N to reconstruct paleonitrogen processes.
Geochemical and geophysical constrains on the dynamic topography of the Southern African Plateau
Authors: Jones Alan G. , Afonso Juan Carlos , Fullea Javier 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe deep mantle African Superswell is considered to contribute to the topographic uplift of the Southern African Plateau, but dynamic support estimates vary wildly depending on the approach and data used. One reason for these large disparities is that the role of lithospheric structure, key in modulating deep dynamic contributions to elevation, is commonly ignored or oversimplified in convection studies. We use multiple high‐quality geophysical data coupled with xenolith‐based geochemical constraints to compute the isostatic lithospheric contribution to the elevation of the Plateau, facilitating isolation of the current dynamic component from the total observed elevation. We employ a multiobservable stochastic algorithm to invert geoid anomaly, surface‐wave dispersion data, magnetotelluric data, and surface heat flow to predict elevation in a fully thermodynamically and internally‐consistent manner. We find that a compositionally layered 230 ± 7 km thick lithosphere is required to simultaneously fit all four data types, in agreement with abundant independent xenolith evidence. Our stochastic modeling indicates a lithospheric contribution to elevation of the order of 670 m, which implies dynamic support arising from the convecting sublithospheric mantle of ∼650 m. Our results have important implications for the understanding of lithospheric‐deep mantle feedback mechanisms and for calibrating dynamic topography estimates from global convection studies.
Electronic environments of ferrous iron in rhyolitic and basaltic glasses at high pressure
Authors: Solomatova Natalia V. , Jackson Jennifer M. , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Rossman George R. , Roskosz Mathieu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe physical properties of silicate melts within Earth's mantle affect the chemical and thermal evolution of its interior. Chemistry and coordination environments affect such properties. We have measured the hyperfine parameters of iron‐bearing rhyolitic and basaltic glasses up to ~120 GPa and ~100 GPa, respectively, in a neon pressure medium using time domain synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy. The spectra for rhyolitic and basaltic glasses are well explained by three high‐spin Fe2+‐like sites with distinct quadrupole splittings. Absence of detectable ferric iron was confirmed with optical absorption spectroscopy. The sites with relatively high and intermediate quadrupole splittings are likely a result of fivefold and sixfold coordination environments of ferrous iron that transition to higher coordination with increasing pressure. The ferrous site with a relatively low quadrupole splitting and isomer shift at low pressures may be related to a fourfold or a second fivefold ferrous iron site, which transitions to higher coordination in basaltic glass, but likely remains in low coordination in rhyolitic glass. These results indicate that iron experiences changes in its coordination environment with increasing pressure without undergoing a high‐spin to low‐spin transition. We compare our results to the hyperfine parameters of silicate glasses of different compositions. With the assumption that coordination environments in silicate glasses may serve as a good indicator for those in a melt, this study suggests that ferrous iron in chemically complex silicate melts likely exists in a high‐spin state throughout most of Earth's mantle.
Gravity wave spectra in the lower stratosphere diagnosed from project loon balloon trajectories
Authors: Schoeberl M. R. , Jensen E. , Podglajen A. , Coy L. , Lodha C. , Candido S. , Carver R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProject Loon has been launching superpressure balloons since January 2013 to provide worldwide Internet coverage. These balloons typically fly between 18 and 21 km and provide measurements of winds and pressure fluctuations in the lower stratosphere. We divide 1560 Loon flights into 3405 two‐day segments for gravity wave analysis. We derive the kinetic energy spectrum from the horizontal balloon motion and estimate the temperature perturbation spectrum (proportional to the potential energy spectrum) from the pressure variations. We fit the temperature (and kinetic energy) data to the functional form T′2 = T′o2[ω/ωο)α, where ω is the wave frequency, ωο is daily frequency, T′o is the base temperature amplitude, and α is the spectral slope. Both the kinetic energy and temperature spectra show −1.9 ± 0.2 power‐law dependence in the intrinsic frequency window 3–50 cycles/day. The temperature spectrum slope is weakly anticorrelated with the base temperature amplitude. We also find that the wave base temperature distribution is highly skewed. The tropical modal temperature is 0.77 K. The highest amplitude waves occur over the mountainous regions, the tropics, and the high southern latitudes. Temperature amplitudes show little height variation over our 18–21 km domain. Our results are consistent with other limited superpressure balloon analyses. The modal temperature is higher than the temperature currently used in high‐frequency gravity wave parameterizations.
Effects of chemical composition and mixing state on size‐resolved hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity of submicron aerosols at a suburban site in northern Japan in summer
Authors: Müller Astrid , Miyazaki Yuzo , Aggarwal Shankar G. , Kitamori Yasuyuki , Boreddy Suresh K. R. , Kawamura Kimitaka 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAmbient hygroscopic properties, numbers of size‐segregated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at different supersaturations (0.1%–0.8%), and the chemical composition of submicron particles were simultaneously measured at a suburban site in northern Japan in summer. Two distinct periods with different growth factors (GF), CCN activation diameters, and chemical compositions were observed. The data suggest that internally mixed sulfate aerosols dominated the accumulation size mode in relatively aged aerosols during the first period, whereas particles observed during the latter periods showed external mixing dominated by organics, which was linked to low hygroscopicity and CCN activity. In particular, the higher loading of water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM; ~60% of OM by mass) with increased WSOM/sulfate ratios corresponded to a low hygroscopicity parameter derived from the CCN measurement (κCCN = 0.15 ± 0.02) at a dry diameter (Ddry) of 146 nm. The results suggest that WSOM, likely dominated by the influence of biogenic sources, contributed to reducing the hygroscopicity and CCN activation at this particle size. Temporal variations in the number concentrations for low GF mode at Ddry = 49.6 nm were similar to those in the elemental carbon (EC) concentration, suggesting that EC contributed to reducing hygroscopicity at this smaller size. Our results suggest that chemical composition and mixing state are important factors controlling the hygroscopicity and CCN activation of submicron particles. These results provide useful data sets of size‐resolved subsaturated and supersaturated hygroscopicity and highlight the importance of the abundance of OM relative to sulfate in predicting the effects on climate change.