bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Fluctuation Mapping Using Arc-GIS in Hosur-1 Micro-watershed of Karnataka, India
Authors: M V Manjunatha , Malappanavar Nagaraj , S B Manjunatha , Hebbara Manjunatha , V B Kuligod , M S Shirahatti , B Malappa , Hiremath Jyoti 
Published: September 2024

Groundwater is a primary source of freshwater and used mainly for agriculture and irrigation purposes. Recharge to groundwater is the most important component in all the water balance studies. In the present study krigging technique was used for interpolate the groundwater level of the Hosur-1 micro watershed (Kanakvad sub watershed) in Gadag district of Karnataka state. In Hosur-1 micro- watershed 41 wells are there in the vicinity of major stream of the micro- watershed. The mean depth of ground water levels in the micro- watershed were monitored at a monthly frequency during January-2023 to March-2024. It was found that the maximum average depth of bore wells are about 9.55 mts and lowest average depth of borewell about 4.64 mts. The groundwater table between 2.48 to 14.70 mbgl during summer season period and 3.18 to 21.50 mbgl during the Rabi season. The pH of ground water varied between 7.0-9.0, maximum pH was recorded as 8.9 and minimum was recorded as 7.29 and maximum conductivity >3.82 ds/m and minimum 0.87 ds/m was recorded at Hosur-1 micro-watershed. The average infiltration rate of clay soil 2.73 mm/hr and R2 value for the trend line reaches the value of 0.5876. In case of sandy clay loam average infiltration rate was 3.83 mm/hr and R2 value for the trend line reaches 0.6572. It necessitates continuous monitoring of groundwater for assessing the possible damage on salinity and alkalinity induced soil health.
Effect of Fertilizer Doses and Vermicompost Application on Growth and Yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L.] var. Kashi Kranti
Authors: Choudhary Karishma , Swaroop Narendra , Dadrwal Basant Kumar 
Published: September 2024

A research was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of NPK and vermicompost on growth and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus L.] var. Khasi Kranti. The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021 at central research farm, department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The soil of experimental area falls in order inceptisol and soil texture was sandy loam (sand 61.20%, silt 23.20%, clay 15.6%). This is a factorial combination of three levels of NPK and three levels of vermicompost which resulted in nine (9) treatment combination replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD)”. The result shows that application of treatment 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6t ha-1 vermicompost has greater effects on growth and yield of okra. The treatment 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6t ha-1 vermicompost observed highest plant height of okra (77.47 cm), No. of leaves plant-1 (33.62), No. of branches plant-1 (38.01), No. of fruits plant-1 (19.87), and Yield (135.59) q ha- 1 compared to other treatments. Maximum Gross return (222885 ha), Net return (182494 ha) and B: C ratio (1:2.10) were recorded in treatment with the application of 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6 t ha-1 vermicompost as well. Based on the above results obtained in this experiment, the application of 100:60:50 kg ha-1 NPK + 6 t ha-1 vermicompost gave the significant effects on growth and yield of okra.
High spatiotemporal resolution of river planform dynamics from Landsat: The RivMAP toolbox and results from the Ucayali River
Authors: Schwenk Jon , Khandelwal Ankush , Fratkin Mulu , Kumar Vipin , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractQuantifying planform changes of large and actively migrating rivers such as those in the tropical Amazon at multidecadal time scales, over large spatial domains, and with high spatiotemporal frequency is essential for advancing river morphodynamic theory, identifying controls on migration, and understanding the roles of climate and human influences on planform adjustments. This paper addresses the challenges of quantifying river planform changes from annual channel masks derived from Landsat imagery and introduces a set of efficient methods to map and measure changes in channel widths, the locations and rates of migration, accretion and erosion, and the space‐time characteristics of cutoff dynamics. The techniques are assembled in a comprehensive MATLAB toolbox called RivMAP (River Morphodynamics from Analysis of Planforms), which is applied to over 1500 km of the actively migrating and predominately meandering Ucayali River in Peru from 1985 to 2015. We find multiscale spatial and temporal variability around multidecadal trends in migration rates, erosion and accretion, and channel widths revealing a river dynamically adjusting to sediment and water fluxes. Confounding factors controlling planform morphodynamics including local inputs of sediment, cutoffs, and climate are parsed through the high temporal analysis.
Quantifying an aquifer nitrate budget and future nitrate discharge using field data from streambeds and well nests
Authors: Gilmore Troy E. , Genereux David P. , Solomon D. Kip , Farrell Kathleen M. , Mitasova Helena 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNovel groundwater sampling (age, flux, and nitrate) carried out beneath a streambed and in wells was used to estimate (1) the current rate of change of nitrate storage,
/dt, in a contaminated unconfined aquifer, and (2) future [
]FWM (the flow‐weighted mean nitrate concentration in groundwater discharge) and
(the nitrate flux from aquifer to stream). Estimates of
/dt suggested that at the time of sampling (2013) the nitrate storage in the aquifer was decreasing at an annual rate (mean = −9 mmol/m2yr) equal to about one‐tenth the rate of nitrate input by recharge. This is consistent with data showing a slow decrease in the [
] of groundwater recharge in recent years. Regarding future [
]FWM and
, predictions based on well data show an immediate decrease that becomes more rapid after ∼5 years before leveling out in the early 2040s. Predictions based on streambed data generally show an increase in future [
]FWM and
until the late 2020s, followed by a decrease before leveling out in the 2040s. Differences show the potential value of using information directly from the groundwater—surface water interface to quantify the future impact of groundwater nitrate on surface water quality. The choice of denitrification kinetics was similarly important; compared to zero‐order kinetics, a first‐order rate law levels out estimates of future [
]FWM and
(lower peak, higher minimum) as legacy nitrate is flushed from the aquifer. Major fundamental questions about nonpoint‐source aquifer contamination can be answered without a complex numerical model or long‐term monitoring program.
Prevalence of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease in a Population‐Based Registry of American Indian/Alaska Native People in 2007
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Johnston Janet M. , Gordon Caroline , Helmick Charles G. , Lim S. Sam 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) in 2007 in the Indian Health Service (IHS) active clinical population from 3 regions of the US.MethodsThe IHS Lupus Registry was designed to identify possible MCTD cases in addition to systemic lupus erythematosus cases. The population denominator for this report includes American Indian or Alaska Native adults within the IHS active clinical population in 2007, residing in select communities in 3 regions of the US. Potential MCTD cases were identified using a broad range of diagnostic codes and were confirmed by detailed medical record abstraction. Classification as MCTD for this analysis required both rheumatologist diagnosis of MCTD without diagnosis of other CTD, and documentation of the Alarcón‐Segovia MCTD criteria in the medical record. Prevalence was also calculated using 2 alternate definitions of MCTD.ResultsThe age‐adjusted prevalence of MCTD using our primary definition was 6.4 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval 2.8–12.8). The prevalence was higher in women than in men using all 3 definitions of MCTD, and no men met the criteria for the primary definition of MCTD.ConclusionThe first population‐based estimates of the prevalence of MCTD in the US American Indian/Alaska Native population show that the prevalence appears to be higher than in other populations. Additional population‐based estimates are needed to better understand the epidemiology of MCTD.
Randomized Controlled Trial of an Educational Intervention Using an Online Risk Calculator for Knee Osteoarthritis: Effect on Risk Perception
Authors: Losina Elena , Michl Griffin L. , Smith Karen C. , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveYoung adults, in general, are not aware of their risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Understanding risk and risk factors is critical to knee OA prevention. We tested the efficacy of a personalized risk calculator on accuracy of knee OA risk perception and willingness to change behaviors associated with knee OA risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial of 375 subjects recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Subjects were randomized to either use a personalized risk calculator based on demographic and risk‐factor information (intervention), or to view general OA risk information (control). At baseline and after the intervention, subjects estimated their 10‐year and lifetime risk of knee OA and responded to contemplation ladders measuring willingness to change diet, exercise, or weight‐control behaviors.ResultsSubjects in both arms had an estimated 3.6% 10‐year and 25.3% lifetime chance of developing symptomatic knee OA. Both arms greatly overestimated knee OA risk at baseline, estimating a 10‐year risk of 26.1% and a lifetime risk of 47.8%. After the intervention, risk calculator subjects' perceived 10‐year risk decreased by 12.9 percentage points to 12.5% and perceived lifetime risk decreased by 19.5 percentage points to 28.1%. Control subjects' perceived risks remained unchanged. Risk calculator subjects were more likely to move to an action stage on the exercise contemplation ladder (relative risk 2.1). There was no difference between the groups for diet or weight‐control ladders.ConclusionThe risk calculator is a useful intervention for knee OA education and may motivate some exercise‐related behavioral change.
Identifying Axial Spondyloarthritis in Electronic Medical Records of US Veterans
Authors: Walsh Jessica A. , Shao Yijun , Leng Jianwei , He Tao , Teng Chia‐Chen , Redd Doug , Treitler Zeng Qing , Burningham Zachary , Clegg Daniel O. , Sauer Brian C. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveLarge database research in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is limited by a lack of methods for identifying most types of axial SpA. Our objective was to develop methods for identifying axial SpA concepts in the free text of documents from electronic medical records.MethodsVeterans with documents in the national Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse between January 1, 2005 and June 30, 2015 were included. Methods were developed for exploring, selecting, and extracting meaningful terms that were likely to represent axial SpA concepts. With annotation, clinical experts reviewed sections of text containing the meaningful terms (snippets) and classified the snippets according to whether or not they represented the intended axial SpA concept. With natural language processing (NLP) tools, computers were trained to replicate the clinical experts' snippet classifications.ResultsThree axial SpA concepts were selected by clinical experts, including sacroiliitis, terms including the prefix spond*, and HLA–B27 positivity (HLA–B27+). With supervised machine learning on annotated snippets, NLP models were developed with accuracies of 91.1% for sacroiliitis, 93.5% for spond*, and 97.2% for HLA–B27+. With independent validation, the accuracies were 92.0% for sacroiliitis, 91.0% for spond*, and 99.0% for HLA–B27+.ConclusionWe developed feasible and accurate methods for identifying axial SpA concepts in the free text of clinical notes. Additional research is required to determine combinations of concepts that will accurately identify axial SpA phenotypes. These novel methods will facilitate previously impractical observational research in axial SpA and may be applied to research with other diseases.
Takayasu Arteritis and Pregnancy: A Population‐Based Study on Outcomes and Mother/Child‐Related Concerns
Authors: Gudbrandsson Birgir , Wallenius Marianne , Garen Torhild , Henriksen Tore , Molberg Øyvind , Palm Øyvind 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess pregnancy outcomes in an unselected Takayasu arteritis (TAK) cohort, and identify pregnancy‐related concerns.MethodsConsenting female patients with TAK were predominantly recruited from a population‐based southeast Norway TAK cohort. Additional cases (n = 8) were recruited at Oslo University Hospital. Data on the number of pregnancies, births, and pregnancy outcomes before and after disease onset were retrieved from medical charts, patient questionnaires, and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). Data on pregnancy‐related concerns were gathered from patient questionnaires.ResultsAltogether, the 58 women in the TAK study cohort had been through 110 pregnancies, 73 (in 33 patients) before disease onset and 37 (in 23 patients) after onset. The frequencies of miscarriages, induced abortions, and maternal complications did not differ between pregnancies occurring before and after TAK onset. Pregnancy‐related hypertension was seen in 4.2% of the patients, compared to 1.5% (P = 0.37) in the reference cohort from MBRN, and preeclampsia/eclampsia in 4.5% compared to 3% (P = 0.2). The mean gestational age at delivery in pregnancies after TAK onset was 37.5 weeks, compared to 39.5 weeks in the MBRN references (P < 0.001). Cesarean sections were more frequent in deliveries after TAK onset (42%) than in MRBN controls (11%) (P < 0.001). Pregnancy‐related concerns were recorded in 80% of the TAK cohort, with 60% expressing concerns about passing the disease to offspring.ConclusionIn this population‐based TAK cohort, the maternal and fetal outcomes were favorable. This study reveals a high prevalence of pregnancy‐related concerns in TAK patients.
Synthesis of Functionalized Hydrazines: Facile Homogeneous (N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Diboration and Silaboration of Azobenzenes
Authors: Ansell Melvyn B. , Kostakis George E. , Braunschweig Holger , Navarro Oscar , Spencer John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene)(diphenylacetylene)palladium complex [Pd(ITMe)2(PhC≡CPh)] (ITMe=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) acts as a highly active pre‐catalyst in the diboration and silaboration of azobenzenes to synthesize a series of novel functionalized hydrazines. The reactions proceed using commercially available diboranes and silaboranes under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Cerebral air embolism associated with penetrating lung injury: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yamaoka Ayumu , Miyata Kei , Narimatsu Eichi , Sakawaki Eiji , Sakawaki Sonoko , Hirayama Suguru , Uemura Shuji , Yama Naoya 
Published: November 2016

CaseA 44‐year‐old man intentionally stabbed himself in the anterior neck and left thorax with a fruit knife. Physical examination revealed two open wounds entering the thoracic cavity in the front chest, and a stab wound entering the trachea at the neck. Two chest tubes were initially inserted for the left lung injury with open hemopneumothorax. Nevertheless, the worsening oxygenation required positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with endotracheal intubation.OutcomeRight hemiparesis was found during weaning from PPV. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple infarctions in the area of the bifrontal and right temporal lobes. Cerebral air embolism (CAE) was strongly suspected from the imaging findings and clinical course.ConclusionWe concluded that mechanical ventilation was strongly involved in the occurrence of CAE. If delayed abnormal neurological findings are observed in patients with penetrating lung injuries receiving PPV management, CAE should be considered.
Chirality‐Assisted Synthesis of a Very Large Octameric Hydrogen‐Bonded Capsule
Authors: Beaudoin Daniel , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe strategy of chirality‐assisted synthesis, which makes use of enantiomerically pure building blocks that are designed to associate in a single geometric orientation, was applied to synthesize an octameric hydrogen‐bonded capsule with a cavity volume of 2300 Å3. This cube‐shaped capsule forms even host–guest complexes with tetraalkylammonium ions, and accommodates the large tetrahexadecylammonium cation in its cavity. The use of an enantiopure building block was shown to be highly beneficial for capsule formation, whereas its racemate also generates a large amount of ill‐defined aggregates in solution and crystallizes as a hydrogen‐bonded network.
Terpene Cyclases from Social Amoebae
Authors: Rabe Patrick , Rinkel Jan , Nubbemeyer Britta , Köllner Tobias G. , Chen Feng , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenome sequences of social amoebae reveal the presence of terpene cyclases (TCs) in these organisms. Two TCs from Dictyostelium discoideum converted farnesyl diphosphate into (2S,3R,6S,9S)‐(−)‐protoillud‐7‐ene and (3S)‐(+)‐asterisca‐2(9),6‐diene. The enzyme mechanisms and EI‐MS fragmentations of the products were studied by labeling experiments.
Organic–inorganic hybrid linseed oil‐based urethane oil wood coatings
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wei , Lu Kun‐Tsung 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTTo prepare alkoxysilane‐functionalized urethane oil (AFUO) using linseed oil, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was first reacted with diisocyanate to obtain an NCO‐terminating oligomer. The reaction was continued by adding linseed oil glyceride to form an AFUO prepolymer. The auto‐oxidative drying coating was obtained after adding a metal dryer to the AFUO prepolymer. Urethane oil (UO) coating, as a control, was obtained by the same procedure as that for AFUO, but without containing alkoxysilane‐functional groups in the formation. Siloxane hybrid urethane oil (SHUO) wood coatings were prepared by mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) solutions, as an external crosslinking agent by sol–gel process, with the AFUO and UO coatings. We found that introducing of APTES into the molecular chains of the UO coating resulted in a film with superior impact and abrasion resistance, and it is the most efficient process to enhance the UO films. The addition of TEOS into AFUO coatings shortened the curing time and further improved the crosslinking density of the AFUO films; however, the physical properties like impact resistance, bending resistance, and gloss were even worse than AFUO films. Mixing of TEOS and UO coating also shorten the curing time and improved the heat resistance, lightfastness, and hardness of the UO coating. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44562.
Evaluation of the etching and chrome plating on the ABS, PVC, and PVC/ABS blends surface
Authors: Kurek Ana Paula , Dotto Marta Elisa Rosso , de Araújo Pedro Henrique Hermes , Sellin Noeli 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAs replacement for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS), which is commonly used in the manufacture of chrome parts, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and PVC/ABS blend parts were produced by injection process, etched in sulfochromic solution in different concentrations, immersion time, and temperature, and they were subsequently chrome‐plated by conventional method. After etching, the sample surfaces were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), roughness, and contact angle, and compared with the ABS surface. The metal deposition was assessed by visual inspection and adhesion test. The roughness influenced the adhesion of the metal layer directly. The chemical etching increased the surface wettability. To achieve a good metal layer adhesion, higher temperatures, immersion time, and etching solution concentration were necessary. A concentration of 350 g/L chromic acid and 400 g/L sulfuric acid, a 70 °C temperature and a 15 min immersion time resulted in good adhesion in PVC and PVC/ABS blends. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44571.
Comparative study of visible light polymerized gelatin hydrogels for 3D culture of hepatic progenitor cells
Authors: Greene Tanja , Lin Tsai‐Yu , Andrisani Ourania M. , Lin Chien‐Chi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPhotopolymerization techniques have been widely used to create hydrogels for biomedical applications. Visible light‐based photopolymerizations are commonly initiated by type II (i.e., noncleavage‐type) photoinitiator in conjunction with a coinitiator. On the other hand, type I photoinitiators (i.e., cleavage type) are rarely compatible with visible light‐based initiation due to their limited molar absorbability in the visible light wavelengths. Here, we report visible light initiated orthogonal photoclick crosslinking to fabricate gelatin‐norbornene and poly(ethylene glycol)‐tetra‐thiol hydrogels using either cleavage‐type (i.e., lithium acylphosphinate, LAP) or noncleavage‐type photoinitiator (i.e., eosin‐Y, EY) without the use of a coinitiator. Regardless of the initiator type, the step‐growth gelatin‐PEG hybrid hydrogels crosslinked and degraded similarly. While both systems exhibited similar cytocompatibility for hepatic progenitor HepaRG cells, gelation initiated by noncleavage‐type initiator EY afforded slightly higher degree of hepatic gene expression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44585.
Incorporating functionalized silica nanoparticles in polyethersulfone‐based anion exchange nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Moghadasi Mahdieh , Mortaheb Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate for anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with improved properties, four series of polyethersulfone‐based composite AEMs are fabricated by incorporating pristine and three functionalized silica nanoparticles containing propylamine, trimethylpropylamine, and melamine‐based dendrimer amine groups. The results show that by choosing appropriate functional agent, anion exchange membranes with improved parameters can be achieved. The polymeric matrix of the membranes is synthesized by chloromethylation of polyethersulfone using thionyl chloride followed by amination with trimethylamine (TMA). The effectiveness of chloromethylation process is confirmed by 1H NMR analysis. The effects of functional groups on characteristic and transport properties of the prepared composite membranes i.e., SEM, IEC, water uptake, porosity transport properties, and conductivity are investigated. The scanning electron microscope images illustrates that the synthesized membranes possess dense structures. Ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, transport properties, and conductivity of the composite membranes are measured. In addition, the morphology and thermal stability are characterized. IECs and ion conductivities of up to 1.45 meq g−1 and 45.46 mS cm−1 and moderate transport characteristics are obtained from the modified membranes which confirm that these membranes are appropriate for applying in electro‐membrane processes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44596.