bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hippocampus and Cortex Together Generate the Scalp EEG Ictal Discharge in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Vossler David G. , Kraemer Diana L. , Bell Anthony J. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
The scalp EEG ictal discharge in temporal lobe epilepsy is reportedly visible only after the intracranial discharge becomes well synchronized and present over 10 to 30 cm2 of cortex. We investigated the role of the hippocampal formation in the generation of the scalp EEG ictal discharge.

Methods:
Intracranial EEG video monitors were recorded using simultaneous scalp, stereotaxic depth, and subdural strip electrodes in 19 subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy. The location, frequency, morphology, and timing of the initial ictal discharge, and subsequent ictal patterns, were examined in hippocampal formation, medial paleocortex, and lateral temporal neocortex electrocorticographic and scalp temporal EEG recordings.

Results:
In every subject, a scalp ictal discharge was visible only after the intracranial ictal discharge had spread to involve the whole temporal lobe (hippocampal formation, medial paleocortex, and lateral temporal neocortex). Beta/gamma frequency and decremental electrocorticographic ictal discharges were never visualized in the EEG. The scalp EEG ictal discharge frequency was 2.4 to 10 Hz and appeared a median of 18 seconds after a faster frequency electrocorticographic initial ictal discharge, once the intracranial discharge slowed to an alpha, theta, or delta frequency.

Conclusions:
In temporal lobe epilepsy, an ictal pattern is not readily visible in the scalp EEG until the intracranial ictal discharge is ≤10 Hz and has propagated from its site of onset to involve the hippocampus, medial paleocortex, and lateral temporal neocortex.
Whole genome sequences of Malawi cichlids reveal multiple radiations interconnected by gene flow
Authors: Malinsky Milan , Svardal Hannes , Tyers Alexandra M. , Miska Eric A. , Genner Martin J. , Turner George F. , Durbin Richard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe hundreds of cichlid fish species in Lake Malawi constitute the most extensive recent vertebrate adaptive radiation. Here we characterize its genomic diversity by sequencing 134 individuals covering 73 species across all major lineages. Average sequence divergence between species pairs is only 0.1-0.25%. These divergence values overlap diversity within species, with 82% of heterozygosity shared between species. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that diversification initially proceeded by serial branching from a generalistAstatotilapia-likeancestor. However, no single species tree adequately represents all species relationships, with evidence for substantial gene flow at multiple times. Common signatures of selection on visual and oxygen transport genes shared by distantly related deep water species point to both adaptive introgression and independent selection. These findings enhance our understanding of genomic processes underlying rapid species diversification, and provide a platform for future genetic analysis of the Malawi radiation.One Sentence Summary: The genomes of 73 cichlid fish species from Lake Malawi uncover evolutionary processes underlying a large adaptive evolutionary radiation.
On the use of the experimentally determined enzyme inhibition constant as a measure of absolute binding affinity
Authors: Darras Fouad H. , Pang Yuan-Ping 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTDefined as a state function representing an inhibitor’s absolute affinity for its target enzyme, the experimentally determined enzyme inhibition constant (Ki) is widely used to rank order binding affinities of different inhibitors for a common enzyme or different enzymes for a common inhibitor and to benchmark computational approaches to predicting binding affinity. Herein, we report that adsorption of bis(7)-tacrine to the glass container surface increased itsKiagainstElectrophorus electricusacetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) to 3.2 ± 0.1 nM (n = 5) compared to 2.9 ± 0.4 pM (n = 5) that was determined using plastic containers with other assay conditions kept the same. We also report that, due to binding or “adsorption” of bis(7)-tacrine to the inactiveeeAChE, the bis(7)-tacrineKiincreased from 2.9 ± 0.4 pM (n = 5) to 734 ± 70 pM (n = 5) as the specificeeAChE activity decreased from 342 U/mg to 26 U/mg while other assay conditions were kept the same. These results caution against usingKis to rank order binding potencies, define selectivity, or benchmark computational methods without knowing detailed assay conditions.AbbreviationsKienzyme inhibition constantAChEacetylcholinesteraseeeAChEElectrophorus electricusAChEATChacetylthiocholine chloridebis(7)-tacrine1,7-N-heptylene-bis-9,9'-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-acridinium dihydrochlorideDTNB5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)SEAspecific enzyme activitytacrine9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridinium monohydrochloride.
Compositional Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Graffelman Jan , Pawlowsky-Glahn Vera , Egozcue Juan José , Buccianti Antonella 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe study of the relationships between two compositions by means of canonical correlation analysis is addressed A coimnositional version of canonical correlation analysis is developed. and called CODA-CCO. We consider two approaches, using the centred log-ratio transformation and the calculation of all possible pairwise log-ratios within sets. The relationships between both approaches are pointed out, and their merits are discussed. The related covariance matrices are structurally singular, and this is efficiently dealt with by using generalized inverses. We develop compositional canonical biplots and detail their properties. The canonical biplots are shown to be powerful tools for discovering the most salient relationships between two compositions. Some guidelines for compositional canonical biplots construction are discussed. A geological data set with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry measurements on major oxides and trace elements is used to illustrate the proposed method. The relationships between an analysis based on centred log-ratios and on isometric log-ratios are also shown.
Theta phase synchronization between the human hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex supports learning of unexpected information
Authors: Gruber Matthias J. , Hsieh Liang-Tien , Staresina Bernhard P. , Elger Christian E. , Fell Juergen , Axmacher Nikolai , Ranganath Charan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEvents that violate predictions are thought to not only modulate activity within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, but also to enhance communication between the two regions. Several studies in rodents have shown that synchronized theta oscillations facilitate communication between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during salient events, but it remains unclear whether similar oscillatory mechanisms support interactions between the two regions in humans. Here, we had the rare opportunity to conduct simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from the human hippocampus and prefrontal cortex from two patients undergoing presurgical evaluation for pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. Recordings were conducted during a task that involved encoding of contextually expected and unexpected visual stimuli. Across both patients, hippocampal-prefrontal theta phase synchronization was significantly higher during encoding of unexpected study items, compared to contextually expected study items. In contrast, we did not find increased theta synchronization between the prefrontal cortex and rhinal cortex. Our findings are consistent with the idea that theta oscillations orchestrate communication between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during the processing of contextually salient information.
Morphological and transcriptomic evidence for ammonium induction of sexual reproduction inThalassiosira pseudonanaand other centric diatoms
Authors: Moore Eric R. , Bullington Briana S. , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Jiang Yuan , Chang Jeff , Halsey Kimberly H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe reproductive strategy of diatoms includes asexual and sexual phases, but in many species, including the model centric diatomThalassiosira pseudonana, sexual reproduction has never been observed. Furthermore, the environmental factors that trigger sexual reproduction in diatoms are not understood. Although genome sequences of a few diatoms are available, little is known about the molecular basis for sexual reproduction. Here we show that ammonium reliably induces the key sexual morphologies, including oogonia, auxospores, and spermatogonia, in two strains ofT. pseudonana,T. weissflogii, andCyclotella cryptica. RNA sequencing revealed 1,274 genes whose expression patterns changed whenT. pseudonanawas induced into sexual reproduction by ammonium. Some of the induced genes are linked to meiosis or encode flagellar structures of heterokont and cryptophyte algae. The identification of ammonium as an environmental trigger suggests an unexpected link between diatom bloom dynamics and strategies for enhancing population genetic diversity.
Copy number variants implicate cardiac function and development pathways in earthquake-induced stress cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lacey Cameron J. , Doudney Kit , Bridgman Paul G. , George Peter M. , Mulder Roger T. , Zarifeh Julie J. , Kimber Bridget , Cadzow Murray J. , Black Michael A. , Merriman Tony R. , Lehnert Klaus , Bickley Vivienne M , Pearson John F. , Cameron Vicky A. , Kennedy Martin A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe pathophysiology of stress cardiomyopathy (SCM), also known as takotsubo syndrome, is poorly understood. SCM usually occurs sporadically, often in association with a stressful event, but clusters of cases are reported after major natural disasters. There is some evidence that this is a familial condition. We have examined three possible models for an underlying genetic predisposition to SCM. Our primary study cohort consists of 28 women who suffered SCM as a result of two devastating earthquakes that struck the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010 and 2011. To seek possible underlying genetic factors we carried out exome analysis, Cardio-MetaboChip genotyping array analysis and array comparative genomic hybridization on these subjects. The most striking finding from these analyses was the observation of a markedly elevated rate of rare, heterogeneous copy number variants (CNV) of uncertain clinical significance (in 12/28 subjects). Several of these CNVs clearly impacted on genes of cardiac relevance includingRBFOX1, GPC5, KCNRG, CHODL, andGPBP1L1. There is no physical overlap between the CNVs, and the genes they impact do not fall into a clear pathophysiological pathway. However, the recognition that SCM cases display a high rate of unusual CNV, and that SCM predisposition may therefore be associated with these CNVs, offers a novel perspective and a new approach by which to understand this enigmatic condition.
Numerical study of turbulent cavitating flows in thermal regime
Authors: Goncalves Eric , Zeidan Dia 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The aim of this work is to quantify the relative importance of the turbulence modelling for cavitating flows in thermal regime. A comparison of various transport-equation turbulence models and a study of the influence of the turbulent Prandtl number appearing in the formulation of the turbulent heat flux are proposed. Numerical simulations are performed on a cavitating Venturi flow for which the running fluid is freon R-114 and results are compared with experimental data.

Design/methodology/approach
A compressible, two-phase, one-fluid Navier–Stokes solver has been developed to investigate the behaviour of cavitation models including thermodynamic effects. The code is composed by three conservation laws for mixture variables (mass, momentum and total energy) and a supplementary transport equation for the volume fraction of gas. The mass transfer between phases is closed assuming its proportionality to the mixture velocity divergence.

Findings
The influence of turbulence model as regard to the cooling effect due to the vaporization is weak. Only the k – ε Jones–Launder model under-estimates the temperature drop. The amplitude of the wall temperature drop near the Venturi throat increases with the augmentation of the turbulent Prandtl number.

Originality/value
The interaction between Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence closure and non-isothermal phase transition is rarely studied. It is the first time such a study on the turbulent Prandtl number effect is reported in cavitating flows.
International business in an era of anti-globalization
Authors: Meyer Klaus E. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The apparent onset of an era of anti-globalization creates significant challenges for international business (IB) practice, research and education. This paper aims to discuss the implication of these challenges for IB scholarship.

Design/methodology/approach
This essay assesses the needs for research in IB in view of the challenges posed by the anti-globalization movement.

Findings
The author identifies and analyzes two sets of concerns of the anti-globalization movement: the unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization and emergent constraints on national sovereignty. On that basis, he offers suggestions on how international business scholars may contribute to addressing these challenges through research, teaching and public engagement.

Practical implications
Businesses need to understand the economic and institutional arguments motivating the anti-globalization movement and to address them within their scope of activity.

Social implications
Globalization benefits societies, in general, but some groups do not benefit unless specific remedial action is taken. If these groups are not supported, they can cause political disruption to IB and, hence, economic prosperity.

Originality/value
This paper offers a pathway for IB scholars to contribute to discourses on globalization and anti-globalization.
On the optimal size of bilateral investment treaty network in foreign direct investment flows
Authors: Oh Chang Hoon , Fratianni Michele 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper first is to go beyond the static effects of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and empirically estimate the marginal effects of the stock of BITs on foreign direct investment flows.

Design/methodology/approach
These statistical models use a gravity equation.

Findings
This paper finds that BITs is subject to diminishing returns measured in terms of FDI flows. Diminishing returns are more pronounced among country-pairs that have not signed BITs but have their own BIT network than among country-pairs with their own BITs.

Research limitations/implications
The subsidiary finding is that a measure of a country’s BIT network characteristic, capturing conditions favorable for a mix of horizontally and vertically integrated activities, may be the limiting force underlying the diminishing returns of the stock of BITs.

Originality/value
For a given country’s BIT network, a multinational enterprise finds more value in investing where a bilateral treaty is in place. This suggests either stronger property-rights protection or greater latitude to use the host country as an export platform.
The chances that an emergency physician will demonstrate three abdominal aortic aneurysms by ultrasound in the emergency department for credentialing: A statistician's view
Authors: Chu Kevin H , Pelecanos Anita , Brown Nathan J , Brown Anthony FT 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Australasian College for Emergency Medicine requires 15 proctored examinations of the aorta for credentialing in ultrasonography for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Furthermore, at least three examinations need to be positive for an aneurysm. In the ED where AAA presentations are sporadic, what are the chances that an emergency physician (EP) will have the opportunity to demonstrate three AAAs in the next 12 months? The probability of an event occurring within a given time‐frame can be modelled by the Poisson distribution. Central to the Poisson distribution is the infrequency of the event such as encountering an AAA in the ED. An EP working 30 clinical hours/week in our tertiary‐referral hospital ED can be expected to encounter 15.6 (3.6 symptomatic + 12 asymptomatic) AAA in the next 12 months. The probability of seeing three or more cases during this time is 99.9%. Assuming a proctor can be found for half the cases, the probability of an EP performing proctored ultrasound examinations in at least three AAAs is 98%. This probability drops to 89% if a proctor can be found for only one‐third of cases. For an EP to be almost 100% certain of meeting the credentialing requirements, he/she would need almost 10 proctored ultrasound cases of AAA to be available within his/her shifts during the year. The Poisson distribution has enabled us to model the probability of encountering a given number of AAA in the ED. Analysis such as this may help rationalise the numbers needed for credentialing.
Visualising emergency department capacity in an ‘Emergency Department Capacity Clock’: A novel tool to assess and communicate overcrowding and access block
Authors: Dar Ohad , Loubser Jacques 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHospital‐wide engagement is required to alleviate the problem of ED crowding and its associated adverse effects. To this end, the article describes a novel visualisation termed ‘the ED Capacity Clock’, which can be formatted using business intelligence software. This radial diagram represents ED capacity and its consumption in a format that can be understood intuitively and at a glance. The ED Capacity Clock is designed to promote common understanding and discussion between relevant hospital services and also acts as an auditing tool to monitor processes implemented to alleviate ED crowding.
A Hostile Takeover of Nature? Placing Value in Conservation Finance
Authors: Kay Kelly 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConservation finance is a nascent field that claims to “deliver maximum conservation impacts, while, at the same time, generating returns for investors” (Credit Suisse/WWF). While geographers have questioned the ability of conservation finance to play a significant role in international biodiversity conservation, an emerging cohort of boutique private equity firms are actively generating returns on North American conservation projects. This raises the question: how are these firms generating profits, and in turn, returns for their shareholders? Drawing from a Marxian understanding of finance as redistributive, I argue that these firms are generating profits through a process similar to a corporate hostile takeover. Using the examples of ranchland and timberland investment in the United States, I show that (1) the materialities and historical geographies of these landscapes play a crucial role their monetization, and (2) shareholder returns are generated through a combination of traditional real estate sales and revaluations, public monies, and commodity production.
Investigation and treatment for iron deficiency in heart failure: the unmet need in Lower and Middle Income Countries
Authors: Makubi Abel , Roberts David J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryFrank iron deficiency has been associated with a wide range of cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities including non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Iron deficiency anaemia and isolated iron deficiency are well‐defined adverse prognostic factors in non‐ischaemic cardiac failure. Furthermore, iron‐deficient patients in chronic heart failure with a serum ferritin of <100 μg/l or <300 μg/l with reduced transferrin saturation of <20%, who were given intravenous iron showed improved clinical outcomes. Iron deficiency with or without anaemia affects over a quarter of the world's population, but the impact of iron deficiency in heart failure and the effective management of iron deficiency in heart failure in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) is not well described. Heart failure in African cohorts occurs at a younger age than in North America and Europe and is more likely to be due to hypertension. Recent studies suggest that iron deficiency anaemia, which is very common in heart failure patients in Africa, and iron deficiency are independently associated with a poor prognosis in heart failure. Preliminary data suggest that iron deficiency in patients with heart failure can be treated with oral iron, with significant beneficial effects on haematological and physiological variables. Cost may prohibit the use of intravenous iron on a large scale in LMICs and optimal regimes to treat iron deficiency in heart failure patients with oral iron therapy remain to be defined.
ZP1609/danegaptide and mitochondrial connexin hemichannels: a harbinger for peptide drug design
Authors: DeLalio Leon J , Isakson Brant E 
Published: June 2017

Linked ArticlesThis article is a Commentary on Boengler K, Bulic M, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter K‐D, Schulz R (2017). The gap junction modifier ZP1609 decreases cardiomyocyte hypercontracture following ischaemia/reperfusion independent from mitochondrial connexin 43. Br J Pharmacol 174: 2060–2073. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13804
COX‐2‐selective inhibitors celecoxib and deracoxib modulate transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channels
Authors: Spyra Stefan , Meisner Anne , Schaefer Michael , Hill Kerstin 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeThe transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channel is a heat‐sensitive ion channel, which is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes. TRPV3 channels are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes within the skin, including cutaneous nociception, temperature sensation and development of itch. The role of TRPV3 channels in such processes is poorly understood; therefore, the establishment of selective modulators of TRPV3 channels is highly desirable.Experimental ApproachNovel TRPV3‐modulating compounds were identified using fluorometric intracellular Ca2+ assays and further evaluated with electrophysiological techniques.Key ResultsTRPV3 activity, elicited by 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB), was efficaciously enhanced by deracoxib and celecoxib, two COX‐2‐selective inhibitors. They exerted their potentiating effect via a direct interaction with TRPV3 as evident from excised inside‐out recordings. Structurally‐related COX‐2 inhibitors affected TRPV3 channel gating to a much lesser degree. Similar results were obtained in HEK293 cells stably expressing cyan fluorescent protein‐tagged mouse TRPV3 channels and in a mouse keratinocyte cell line, endogenously expressing TRPV3. The effects of celecoxib and deracoxib on TRPV3 were dependent on the stimulus used to activate TRPV3. While 2‐APB and heat‐activated TRPV3 channels were potentiated by celecoxib, carvacrol‐activated channels were inhibited by celecoxib.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe identified a new class of drugs that modulate TRPV3 channels. The most potent compound celecoxib is an approved analgesic and anti‐inflammatory drug, which is currently being investigated for its topical application in the treatment of skin cancer. As TRPV3 is highly expressed in skin, celecoxib might affect TRPV3 activity in vivo when used at high local concentrations.