bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Rebirth as the Christ and the Initiatory Rituals of the Bridal Chamber in theGospel of Philip
Authors: Franzmann Majella 
Published: July 2016

In this article I begin with an outline of the connection between theological concepts related to the person of the Gnostic Christian Saviour and the ritual practice of Gnostic Christian groups. After setting the scene in this general way, I look specifically at theGospel of Philip, investigating the connection between the description of the rebirth of the Saviour at the Jordan and the rebirth of the Gnostic in the ritual of the bridal chamber.The Nag Hammadi corpus, to which theGospel of Philipbelongs, contains many texts which may be identified as Gnostic Christian, partly because of the fact that, in these texts, the key figure of the Saviour or Revealer is identified as Jesus or Christ. The work that Jesus performs in the world for the Gnostics is revelation, for the most part, rather than redemption in the sense in which mainstream Christianity identified his activity. His revelation may involve imparting secret knowledge, especially during that time prior to his final ascent into the heavenly region of light (for those texts which are closely aligned with the mainstream Christian pattern of descent and several stages of ascent for Jesus), but it must be generally categorised as activity designed to awaken the Gnostic to the insight (gnosis) which this person already possesses.
Genre and Fact in the Preface to Cicero's De Amicitia
Authors: Burton Paul 
Published: July 2016

One can prove imposture; never authenticity.– Roland BarthesOver 250 years ago, the Cambridge clergyman Conyers Middleton, one of the first biographers of Cicero in the English language, said of the Laelius De Amicitia, ‘this agreeable book … must needs affect us more warmly when it is found at last to be a history, or a picture drawn from the life, exhibiting the real characters and sentiments of the best and greatest men of Rome.’ Middleton thus accepted at face value Cicero's claims in the preface to his treatise on friendship that he has reproduced, in some form, an actual conversation that took place in 129 BCE between C. Laelius and his sons-in-law C. Fannius and Q. Mucius Scaevola.
The Linguistic Unity of the Historia Augusta
Authors: Adams J.N. 
Published: July 2016

It may well be that the much-debated question whether the HA is the work of one or more authors can be settled finally on linguistic grounds. Elsewhere I have produced some linguistic evidence which points to unity of authorship, and in this article I discuss some more evidence of the same kind which suggests the same conclusion.Dessau drew attention to certain expressions which occur in all or most of the Scriptores and which he regarded as inconsistent with multiple authorship. His remarks are interesting but inconclusive, for most of the expressions could be cliches in use in literary varieties of Latin or borrowed by one Scriptor from another. Conflictum habere (= proelium committere), for example, which he had found nowhere else (op. cit. 387), occurs not only in Augustine (Civ. xix 4) and Hegesippus (i 30.7), but also in Vegetius’ Epitoma rei militaris (i 16). It may have been current in military Latin in the fourth century. To be decisive linguistic evidence must consist of unobtrusive mannerisms common to most of the Scriptores which were not general in literary Latin.
Identification of Speakers in Greek Drama
Authors: Manton † G.R. 
Published: July 2016

I am sure I was not the only student who, when he first made his way stumblingly through the opening lines of the Persae, called to mind the raising of the curtain on the first act of The Mikado. But Aeschylus tells us a good deal more in his opening lines than the identity of the chorus of elders. They are the men left behind when the Persian host went to Greece, and they have been appointed by King Xerxes, son of Darius, to guard the wealth and splendour of the royal palace and oversee the land.What I want to show in this paper is that what seems so natural in the Persae is achieved throughout tragedy and old comedy through a conscious adherence, as far as the identity of characters is concerned, to a convention. It is a convention which arises from the nature of Greek drama as a literary form primarily designed for performance.
Notes on the Language of Vita Aesopi G
Authors: Shipp † G.P. 
Published: July 2016

This version of the life of Aesop is known only from the one manuscript, which had belonged earlier to the library of a monastery near Frascati, from which it disappeared with no mention of it after 1789 till it was rediscovered in the Pierpont Morgan collection in 1929. It was published in 1952 by B.E. Perry at the University of Illinois Press (Urbana) in his fine Aesopica I, 35-77, with much other material, including a full account of the manuscripts of the other version of the life, W.MS. G is from the end of the tenth century. Perry thinks that the original goes back to the first century A.D. and reflects the strong interest in popular versions of Aesop’s life in Egypt at this period. It has a pronounced Egyptian colouring, Isis playing a prominent part in the naive and bawdy story, with a strong opposition to Apollo. Four papyrus fragments similar to G have been found (see Perry, op. cit. 1), and various Eastern versions of part of the story are known. The manuscript has many koine features that agree with Perry’s dating, and the language can often be usefully illustrated from the modern Demotic. Features that are more likely to be errors of tradition in the manuscript are mainly unimportant late spellings.
Horace, Odes iii 4.10
Authors: Treloar A. 
Published: July 2016

me fabulosae Vulture in Apulonutricis extra limina Pulliaenutricis extra limina Pulliaeludo fatigatumque somnofronde nova puerum palumbestexereIO nutricis ΞΨPph. σχAГσχ altricis F var. δ | limina pulliae Ξ (acc. R1) σχГPph.? limen apulliae Turicensis, δ2, qui ambo ad Q pertinent limen apuliae ΨγEM Pph.? provinciae nomen pro nutricis posuit σχAГ; cf. σχAГ ad v. I8 I. Dauniae PaldamusThus the text and apparatus of Klingner’s 3rd Teubner edition (1959).On the evidence of the MSS., the Teubner editor is clearly right in printing nutricis, limina and Pulliae. It remains to explain how the false readings arose and to justify the text as written by Horace, which some have found objectionable. On this a little new evidence can be adduced, but a preliminary review of the problem may be helpful.
Horace, Odes i 12.35
Authors: Treloar A. 
Published: July 2016

Romulum post hos prius an quietum Pompili regnum memorem an superbos Tarquini fascis, dubito, an Catonis nobile letum.The stanza presents a number of difficulties:(1) the grammatical structure of memorem; (2) the identity of Tarquin and hence the meaning of superbos; (3) the propriety of a reference to Cato.As often in Horace an examination of the structure of the ode will help in the solution of problems within a stanza.The clear reference to Pindar’s Second Olympian in verses 1-3 is an indication that the ode will be in Horace’s ‘Pindaric style’, in which there is a characteristic development of his thought in groups of stanzas. In this case the ode is constructed in triads of stanzas, the nearest approach Horace could make to the structure of a Pindaric ode. The ode may be analysed as follows:
The Distribution of Benefits from the 1968 Upland Cotton Program
Authors: Hill Roger P. 
Published: July 2016

While attempting to quantify and examine the distribution of payments from the 1968 Upland Cotton Program, some comparisons will be made of the distributive aspects of previous cotton programs.Economists have long been concerned with the impact of government farm programs, but have focused much of their attention on resource use and aggregate returns under alternative programs. At the same time, it has been recognized that farm programs, through income transfers, had certain distributive impacts. One of the first and most comprehensive studies of the distribution of benefits from certain farm programs was conducted by James T. Bonnen.
A Proposed Procedure for Distributing Assessments Among Beneficiaries of Small Watershed Projects
Authors: Lacewell Ronald D. , Eidman Vernon R. 
Published: July 2016

Conservancy districts can plan and apply land treatment and structural measures to reduce flooding and associated damages. The Conservancy District Act permits conservancy districts to appraise benefits and levy assessments to pay the cost of installing, operating, and maintaining works of flood protection not included in legislative appropriations. We are concerned with the method whereby these specified costs are distributed among flood plain farmers.The assessment criterion is: Each beneficiary shall be assessed in relation to the proportion of benefits received. That is, flood plain farmers are to pay the proportion of specified flood protection costs that equal the proportion of total benefits received. The objective of assessing is consistent and equitable, but there is yet to be developed a method for computing assessments which meet this norm or objective.
Discussion: Producer Bargaining: Its Current Status and Distribution of Benefits
Authors: Harris H. M. 
Published: July 2016

We should be indebted to Dr. Berry for his cogent observations on some key aspects of the producer bargaining issue. At the same time, however, I would be remiss in my role as discussant if I failed to point out two major shortcomings of his paper. First, the current status of producer bargaining is treated incompletely. Second, and more glaring, is the complete omission of any discussion of the distribution of benefits of agricultural bargaining.It should be mentioned that both these shortcomings could be remedied simply by changing the title of the paper. For example, if the address was entitled, “Producer Bargaining: Its Present Status in the Dairy Industry,” these two criticisms would be largely unwarranted. I must also confess that if the assigned roles of Professor Berry and myself were reversed, he would very likely be levying the same comments about my presentation. For a complete analysis of the assigned topic involves a Herculean task – but a task with which we must come to grips in the near future.
Discussion: The Distribution of the Costs and Benefits of Public Schooling
Authors: Drummond H. Evan 
Published: July 2016

David Holland has provided a basic contribution to the expanding literature concerned with the distributional effects of expenditures on education. He has ventured into the relatively untouched realm of measuring the distrubutional impact of tax costs and expenditure benefits of public elementary, secondary and higher education. Our fundamental ignorance of the equity issues involved in public education, coupled with the economic and social importance of its eventual product, provide ample justification for continued research in this field.Even though a valuable literature review occupies a significant proportion of Holland's paper, I will limit my comments to that portion of the paper that is original. Reviewing briefly, Holland's goal is to determine the distribution by income class of net benefits resulting from education. To do this, he compares the average per family tax costs for the provision of education with the average per family expenditures made. The difference between the two is the net subsidy received. Holland's basic conclusion is that the net subsidies from lower (as opposed to higher) education are regressive.
Plant Location Models for a Honey Packer: Sensitivity of Findings to Some Alternative Specifications with Reference to the South
Authors: Holroyd W. M. , Lessley B. V. 
Published: July 2016

This paper discusses plant location models applied to a honey processing-marketing cooperative firm with emphasis on sensitivity of findings to some alternative objectives and specifications. Though the study was nationwide in scope, the southern regions of the United States played a significant role in the analyses.The first objective was to determine the number, size, and location of honey processing plants which would minimize total assembly, processing, and product shipment cost. In pursuit of the first objective, two of several questions receiving consideration were: 1. In comparing an optimizing least-cost result to an actual operating cost result, what is a valid specification of “actual” cost? 2. Is there a simple way of checking on the validity of a minimum cost solution?
Farm Land Prices: Explainable or Illogical?
Authors: Blase Melvin G. , Hesemann Clyde 
Published: July 2016

Of all markets, the land market has been thought to be one of the most difficult to explain. Techniques for predicting land prices leave much to be desired. Nevertheless, the importance of this market continues to grow as fixed costs of commercial farm firms escalate, due to farm expansion and other factors.Conventional techniques for building models to explain farm land prices have not been as useful as when similar statistical procedures have been used elsewhere. Data problems have been conspicuous. The heterogeneity of many populations has created difficulties. Clearly, additional refinement of models is needed.
Rural Development Research Programs of Southern 1862 and 1890 Land Grant Institutions: Characteristics, Needs, and Priorities for the 1970's
Authors: Davis Carlton G. 
Published: July 2016

Acceptance and increased interest in rural development as a legitimate concern of land grant institutions is well documented. Although rural development research is not “new” for the discipline of agricultural economics, there is little doubt that the area has experienced renewed and greatly expanded interest at both the national and regional levels by the passage of the 1972 Rural Development Act.While much has been written on the importance and need for a direct frontal attack on this traditionally underfunded and low priority research area, the sad fact is that the profession is still without a clear sense of direction regarding research and extension needs and priorities. The establishment of state and regional rural development centers is a positive step toward directing and coordinating the limited resources available in this area. Many southern states have demonstrated significant leadership roles in this first step, obviously recognizing the massive rural development problems of the region.
Demand Substitution Between Natural, Flavored, and Synthetic Citrus Juices
Authors: Chern Wen S. 
Published: July 2016

Formulation of marketing policies often is based on the knowledge of various demand elasticities for the commodities under consideration. One important aspect of demand analysis is to inquire qualitatively or quantitatively into the extent of demand substitution between commodities. The Florida citrus growers and processors have been much concerned about the impact of flavored and synthetic citrus product substitutes for which the market, in terms of absolute sales, has doubled in less than one decade (Table 1).The entry of a new product often takes place during the time when a dramatic leftward shift in supply occurs. A most recent example is the introduction of textured vegetable protein in ground beef when a severe shortage and a dramatic increase in the price of beef occurred in 1973. In the case of the citrus juice market, the introduction and market penetration of synthetic and partially natural citrus-flavored drinks were stimulated during the two Florida freezes in 1957 and 1962.
Changes in Level and Variation in Personal Income in Florida
Authors: McPherson W.W. , Yang Sarah Shu-Jen 
Published: July 2016

A question of particular concern in recent years is: what happens to personal income distribution as the average level of income rises? The purpose of this study was to add knowledge to empirical answers to this question by way of estimates of changes in Florida-both within and between regions with different income levels.Williamson suggests that as significant economic growth first occurs in one region, the absolute income differentials between rich and poor regions are expected to persist or even to increase; but sometime during the course of development, some or all of the disequilibrating tendencies diminish, and the regional differences in incomes decline. Labor migration, capital movements, government policy, geographic size, and labor participation rate were discussed by Williamson as important elements in the exploration of changes over time in incomes among regions.
An Analysis of Seasonal Household Waste Generation
Authors: Richardson Robert A. , Havlicek Joseph 
Published: July 2016

Solid wastes that are residuals of production and consumption have steadily increased in quantity in recent years. Historically, many of these residuals have been discarded into the environment which appeared to have the capacity to handle them. However, now it is widely believed that these residuals are responsible for the degradation of environment quality by increasing air, water, and land pollution. Ecological considerations have increased the complexity of handling solid wastes and have stimulated the need for alternative methods of managing various types of wastes.Local and municipal authorities and private industry provide waste collection and disposal services. Municipal services are generally financed out of taxation revenues, so it is in the public's interest to have an efficient, cost-minimizing operation at some publicly acceptable standard of quality of service.
Product Complementarity in Production: The By-product Case
Authors: Beattie Bruce , Thompson Stassen , Boehlje Michael 
Published: July 2016

The product-product relationship has been a traditional subject of most production economics and farm management courses for the past two decades. Although the traditional examples of product-product optimization have come primarily from the agricultural production sector (e.g., legume-corn rotations and crop-livestock combinations), the concept is useful in analyzing the organization of any multi-product firm-including those firms which produce externalities in the form of environmental degradation.Three concepts or ideas usually are offered as giving rise to a positively sloped or complementary range on the product transformation surface-(l) one production process uses as an input a by-product of another production process, (2) one process uses quantities of a factor that are “surplus” to another, or (3) technical interaction (production function shifts) occurs.
The Role of Agricultural Economics in a Changing Environment
Authors: Ewing John A. 
Published: July 2016

The historical development of Agricultural Economics as a field of applied economics has been well-documented in books and journals by scholars within the profession. The relationship of Agricultural Economics to other social, biological and natural sciences has changed as the discipline has emerged and as forces of science and technology have been brought to bear on problems of our society.The objective of this paper is to define or establish the parameters of Agricultural Economics but offer personal views on how economic forces within our economy have influenced program development in research involving many disciplines. In this process I will emphasize some of the areas where Agricultural Economics has made a major contribution and, in my judgement, can play an important role in the future.
The Significance of Capital Gains to Farmers and Some Effects of Eliminating Their Preferred Income Tax Treatment
Authors: Woods W. Fred , Sisson Charles A. 
Published: July 2016

The American experience with income taxes began with the Act of 1913, but it was not until 1921 that capital gains were identified separately and taxed differently from other sources of income. This fundamental revision of the income tax was justified on equity grounds; proponents of the change argued that it was unfair to tax income accrued over many years in the year that income was realized [6, p. 192].The present capital gains provisions have been and are now—strongly attacked alternately as being too lenient and too strict [5, p. 184]. Unfortunately, this symmetry in the opposition to present capital gains treatment does not imply the present provisions are near the optimum.
Effects of Trade Policies on Competition Between Florida and Mexico in the U.S. Winter Cucumber Market
Authors: Andrew C. O. , DeBoon Teunis , McPherson W. W. 
Published: July 2016

Since the 1964 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, less developed countries (LDCs) have been united in expressing concern over their trade problems and long-run balance of payment deficits. The LDCs feel that the more developed countries (MDCs) discriminate against their products by use of tariffs. Tariff relief sought by LDCs includes reduction of tariff rates as well as effective rates applied to raw materials and semiprocessed products.Tariff relief for LDCs means that domestic industries in the MDSs face stronger competition from those imports that are less costly to produce in other countries, For U.S. growers of winter vegetables, this competition has become intense. Several vegetables produced in Mexico compete with Florida's in the U.S, winter market.
Agricultural Economics and the Changing Structure of Higher Education
Authors: Coutu Arthur J. 
Published: July 2016

This paper is another of many that looks into a hazy future. The overall purpose is to identify some possible departmental strategies for the agricultural economics profession. These strategies follow from a discussion of the status of higher education, a review of findings from the Carnegie Commission reports, and from a study on alternative organizational structures—particularly institutes and centers.Strategies for the next decade relate to a serious set of issues particularly crucial to social science departments within universities. The issues seem related to clarifying the role of agricultural economics, to increased linkage of professional and political decision types, to greater balance of theory and empiricism on complex societal problems, and to increased concern for indirect effects of scientific and technological developments.
Evaluation of Turkey Litter Silage as a Feed Source for Replacement Dairy Heifers
Authors: Thompson C. Stassen , Borders W. Thomas , Cross Dee L. , Jenny Bruce F. 
Published: July 2016

Record high grain and protein supplement prices in the early 1970s provided the impetus for developing lower priced substitutes for grains and concentrates in livestock rations. One promising substitute is animal wastes, since these are often of considerable nutritive value.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of feeding ensiled turkey litter to replacement dairy heifers. In addition, the implications to both dairy and poultry producers of using turkey litter as a feed are also discussed.