bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum ferritin and C- reactive protein levels as indicators of severity of preeclampsia
Authors: Hanan Asaad Ismael  , Abdulkareem Hamady Issa  , Ban Hadi Hameed  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the role of inflammatory markers ferritin and C- reactive protein as indicators of preeclampsia severity.
Method: The case-control study was conducted at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2021 to May 2022, and comprised pregnant women from the obstetrics ward and outpatient clinics aged 16-40 years having a viable singleton pregnancy and gestational age >32 weeks. They were divided into severe preeclampsia group A, non-severe preeclampsia group B and control group C. Serum ferritin and C-reactive protein levels were measured for all the subjects, and compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 87 pregnant women, 27(31%) were in group A with mean age 29.76±7.53 years and mean gestational age 35.63±1.92 weeks, 29(33.33%) were in group B with mean age 26.83±6.30 years and mean gestational age 36.24±1.72 weeks, and 31(35.63%) were in group C with mean age 26.00±5.73 years and mean gestational age 36.52±1.61 weeks. Ferritin levels in patient groups were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05), but it was not significantly different between the patient groups (p>0.05). C-reactive protein levels in the patient groups were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05), and they were also significantly higher in group A than in group B (p<0.05). At a cut-off value >101.8 ferritin had sensitivity 92.59% but specificity 20.69%, whereas C- reactive protein at a cut-off value >17.1 had sensitivity 66.67% but specificity 75.86%.
Conclusion: Serum C- reactive protein level was significantly associated with severity of preeclampsia with an acceptable grade of discriminative ability between severe preeclampsia and non-severe preeclampsia patients.
Key Words: Eclampsia, Protein, Gestational, Ambulatory, Ferritins
Evaluation of concurrent use of Vitamin C and Niclosamide against methotrexate-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Zainab Zeki  , Ali Ismail Abdulla Al-Gareeb  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To examine the effect of using vitamin C and niclosamide together on liver damage caused by methotrexate.
Method: The study was conducted at the Pharmacology Department and the Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, College of Medicine, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq, from November 2020 to July 2021, and comprised albino mice who were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Group 1 comprised controls, groups 2 to 5 was received methotrexate, niclosamide 70mg/kg/day, vitamin C 100mg/kg/day, and a combination of niclosamide and vitamin C, respectively. Mice in groups 3, 4 and 5 also received an intraperitoneal injection of methotrexate 20mg/kg to induce hepatotoxicity. After 48 hours of the injection, the mice were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. Cardiac blood samples were drawn for biochemical examination. The liver, after being washed, was divided into two parts; one part was taken for histological examination, and the other was preserved in formalin 10% for histopathological analyses. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
Results: Of the 35 mice, there were 7(20%) in each of the 5 groups. The overall age ranged between 9-12 weeks and weight between 18-38gm. The results show significant hepatoprotection ( p-value <0.05) produced by both niclosamide and Vitamin C separately, reflected by a decrease in ALP, ALT, and LDH, while the combination of (niclosamide and Vitamin C) showed no additive effect (p>0.05) on enhancement of liver function.
Conclusion: Niclosamide alone was found to be superior than in combination with vitamin C for treating methotrexate-induced liver damage.
Key Words: Methotrexate, Chloroform, Niclosamide, Intraperitoneal, Liver, Formaldehyde
An Economic Analysis of Coal Pricing in Mongolia
Authors: Surmaajav Lkhaakhuu 
Published: October 2024

Coal is a critical export for Mongolia, playing a significant role in the nation’s economy by contributing to GDP and export revenues. This paper provides an economic analysis of coal pricing in Mongolia, examining the primary factors that drive price fluctuations in both domestic and international markets. Key areas of focus include global demand, particularly from neighboring China, transportation costs, government policies, currency exchange rates, and environmental regulations. The paper employs a mixed-method approach, analyzing historical price data alongside policy reviews to identify the challenges and opportunities Mongolia faces in stabilizing coal prices. Global coal demand, especially from China, has a profound effect on Mongolian coal prices, while infrastructure limitations and transportation costs further exacerbate price volatility. Additionally, Mongolia’s coal sector is influenced by international competition, particularly from established exporters like Australia and Indonesia, which benefit from more developed supply chains. This research aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders by offering recommendations on how Mongolia can enhance price stability and strengthen its position in the global coal market. By analyzing the economic forces shaping Mongolian coal prices, the study contributes to broader discussions on resource management and economic sustainability in coal-dependent economies. The findings will aid policymakers in developing strategies that address Mongolia's infrastructure challenges and ensure the long-term viability of its coal industry in the face of evolving global energy dynamics.
Navigating the Ethical Landscape of ChatGPT Integration in Scientific Research: Review of Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Waduge Anushka Osadhi , Kulasooriya Waruna Kulasooriyalage Virajini Jayathma Bandara , Ranasinghe Rochana Sheshan Sarathchandra , Ekanayake Imesh , Rathnayake Upaka , Meddage Don Pasindu Piumal 
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the transformative potential of incorporating ChatGPT into academic research while addressing consequential challenges and ethical concerns. The chatbot, as a large language model (LLM), allows users to interact with it, providing advantages in the academic research context. The benefits of real-time interaction, information synthesis, and language generation have the potential to modernize how researchers engage with and extract insights from vast amounts of data. Additionally, ChatGPT demonstrates a strong command of programming languages, which is highly relevant in modern research related to machine learning and artificial intelligence. However, it still has certain limitations, such as the potential for generating fake citations and issues related to plagiarism. Users need to be aware of these limitations. Therefore, researchers must be careful regarding the potential and limitations of ChatGPT, as it can improve efficiency but may decrease the quality of work if misused. This study recommends guidelines in academic research for using LLMs like ChatGPT. Overall, it's not ChatGPT that downgrades the quality of academic work; rather, it's the irresponsible use of ChatGPT that does it.

Received: 25 April 2024 | Revised: 19 July 2024 | Accepted: 29 July 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Anushka Osadhi Waduge: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft. Waruna Kulasooriyalage Virajini Jayathma Bandara Kulasooriya: Software, Validation, Resources, Visualization. Rochana Sheshan Sarathchandra Ranasinghe: Software, Validation, Resources, Visualization. Imesh Ekanayake: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft. Upaka Rathnayake: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. Don Pasindu Piumal Meddage: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration.
Improving the Long-Term Protection of Buried Steel Tanks: Considering the Impact of Temperature and Extended Sacrificial Anodes
Authors: Shirshahi Mohammad Javad , Chini Seyed Farshid , Taheri Peyman , Mansouri Abraham 
Published: October 2024

Corrosion prevention techniques such as cathodic protection (CP) are commonly applied to extend the useful lifetime of buried steel tanks in corrosive environments. Sacrificial anodes effectively supplement CP systems through controlled galvanic corrosion. For buried steel tanks, magnesium-based anodes are regularly used due to suitable current output over extended deployment periods. However, field conditions such as temperature fluctuations and proximity effects between adjacent tanks can influence CP performance. This study numerically simulates the CP of a 3.8 m diameter, 12 m long steel tank which the upper section of the tank is located at a depth of 1 m, protected by uniformly distributed magnesium anodes. To understand the importance of the current output of extended anodes, conventional anodes (i.e., 7.7 kg, 38.7 mA) and extended anodes (i.e., 9 kg, 62.7 mA) were studied. Proximity effects on anodes placed between adjacent buried tanks were also examined. In addition, the influence of temperature and concentration parameters was investigated along with a time-dependent analysis of the protected structure. Under the hottest and coldest conditions, the bottom temperature of the computational domain (in height of 6.8 m) reached 8.7°C and 11.3°C, respectively, with noticeable concentration gradients. The temperature rise necessitated increased protective current, leading to the need for additional sacrificial anodes to meet the demand. The simulation results indicated that the anodes positioned between the two tanks experienced the highest corrosion rate. After 21.5 y, approximately 85% of the mass of these anodes will be lost, with full depletion occurring shortly thereafter. This modeling approach offers valuable insights for selecting the optimal type and placement of anodes, ensuring the long-term integrity of underground infrastructure under varying thermal conditions.
Simulated particle evolution within a winter storm: contributions of riming to radar moments and precipitation fallout
Authors: DeLaFrance Andrew , McMurdie Lynn A. , Rowe Angela K. , Heymsfield Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Remote sensing radars from airborne and spaceborne platforms provide critical observations of clouds to estimate precipitation rates across the globe. The ability of these radars to detect changes in precipitation properties is advanced by Doppler measurements of particle fall speed. Within mixed-phase clouds, precipitation mass and its fall characteristics are especially sensitive to the effects of riming. In this study, we quantified these effects and investigated the distinction of riming from aggregation in Doppler radar vertical profiles using quasi-idealized particle-based model simulations. Observational constraints of a control simulation were determined from airborne in situ and remote sensing measurements collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) for a wintry–mixed precipitation event over the northeastern United States on 4 February 2022. From the upper boundary of a one-dimensional column, particle evolution was simulated through vapor deposition, aggregation, and riming processes, producing realistic Doppler radar profiles. Despite a modest observed amount of supercooled liquid water (0.05 g m−3), riming accounted for 55 % of the ice-phase precipitation mass, cumulatively increasing reflectivity by 44 % and Doppler velocity by 68 %. Independent evaluation of process-based sensitivities showed that, while radar reflectivity is comparably sensitive to either riming- or aggregation-based particle morphology, the Doppler velocity profile is uniquely sensitive to particle density changes during riming. Thus, Doppler velocity profiles advance the diagnosis of riming as a dominant microphysical process in stratiform clouds from single-wavelength radars, which has implications for quantitative constraints of particle properties in remote sensing applications.
Characterizing nonlinear, nonstationary, and heterogeneous hydrologic behavior using ensemble rainfall–runoff analysis (ERRA): proof of concept
Authors: Kirchner James W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. A classical approach to understanding hydrological behavior is the unit hydrograph and its many variants, but these often assume linearity (runoff response is proportional to effective precipitation), stationarity (runoff response to a given unit of rainfall is identical, regardless of when it falls), and spatial homogeneity (runoff response depends only on spatially averaged precipitation). In the real world, by contrast, runoff response is typically nonlinear, nonstationary, and spatially heterogeneous. Quantifying this nonlinearity, nonstationarity, and spatial heterogeneity is essential to unraveling the mechanisms and subsurface properties controlling hydrological behavior. Here, I present proof-of-concept demonstrations illustrating how nonlinear, nonstationary, and spatially heterogeneous rainfall–runoff behavior can be quantified, directly from data, using ensemble rainfall–runoff analysis (ERRA), a data-driven, model-independent method for quantifying rainfall–runoff relationships across a spectrum of time lags. I show how ERRA uses nonlinear deconvolution to quantify how catchments' runoff responses vary with precipitation intensity and to estimate their precipitation-weighted runoff response distributions. I further illustrate how ERRA combines nonlinear deconvolution with de-mixing techniques to reveal how runoff response depends jointly on precipitation intensity and nonstationary ambient conditions, including antecedent wetness and vapor pressure deficit. I demonstrate how ERRA's de-mixing techniques can be used to quantify spatially heterogeneous runoff responses in different parts of a catchment, even if those subcatchments are not separately gauged. I also illustrate how ERRA's broken-stick deconvolution capabilities can be used to quantify multiscale runoff responses that combine hydrograph peaks lasting for hours and recessions lasting for weeks, well beyond the average spacing between storms. ERRA can unscramble these multiple effects on runoff response even if they are overprinted on each other through time and even if they are corrupted by autoregressive moving average (ARMA) noise. Results from this approach may be informative for catchment characterization, process understanding, and model–data comparisons; they may also lead to a better understanding of storage dynamics and landscape-scale connectivity. An R script is provided to perform the necessary calculations, including uncertainty analysis.
Strategi Promosi Pocong Pancong pada Akun Media Sosial Instagram @Pocong.pancong
Authors: Febriana Afifah Yonni , Rahmawati Dian Hutami 
Published: October 2024

Keberadaan Instagram dengan kehadiran fitur bisnisnya sudah banyak digunakan oleh para pelaku usaha. Banyak dari para pelaku usaha tersebut menggunakan Instagram sebagai marketing tools untuk mengukur parameter keberhasilan kegiatan pemasaran mereka menggunakan Instagram melalui penyebaran konten-konten yang menarik. Salah satu UMKM di kota surabaya yang menggunakan Instagram sebagai media promosi adalah Pocong Pancong yang memasarkan model bisnis waralaba (franchise) Kue Pancong. Pada penelitian ini mengalisa tentang Strategi Promosi Pancong Pocong di Instagram dalam mempromosikan bisnis franchise kue pancong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teori 7C Framework oleh Rayport dan Jaworski (2003) Meliputi Context, Content, Community, Connection, Customization, Communication, Commerce dan menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara sebagai data primer, data sekunder melalui dokumentasi, dan kajian pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini akun Instagram @pocong.pancong tidak memenuhi aspek commerce.
E-Modul Berbasis Mobile Learning untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berpikir Kritis pada Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia
Authors: Amalya Rossyta Citra , Lutfi Achmad 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari E-Modul Interaktif yang ditinjau dari validitas isi dan konstruk melalui hasil validasi oleh para ahli dan keefektifan yang didapatkan melalui hasil pre-test dan post-test dari kemampuan pemahaman materi dan ketrampilan berpikir kritis pada materi kesetimbangan kimia. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D mengacu pada model 4D yang terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan penerapan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa e-modul interaktif sebagai media pembelajaran yang menghasilkan kriteria valid dari segi validitas isi dan konstruk dengan modus yang didapatkan 5 memiliki kriteria sangat baik sehingga dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran. Hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi pemahaman konsep kesetimbangan kimia dan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan indikator interpretasi, inferensi dan analisis mempunyai kriteria baik yang dibuktikan dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 100% dengan nilai ? 75. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan e-modul interaktif sebagai media pembelajaran efektif dalam meningkatkan ketrampilan berpikir kritis pada materi kesetimbangan kimia.
Nilai Filosofi Uma Lengge dalam Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Bima
Authors: Nurhasanah Enung , Sari Fifi Fitriana , Sutajaya Made 
Published: October 2024

Uma lengge merupakan salah satu kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Bima khususnya etnis Donggo, eksistensi uma lengge masih tetap terjaga sampai sekarang. Dimasa lampau Uma lengge merupakan rumah hunian yang umum dimiliki oleh masyarakat, namun siring perkembangan zaman uma lengge pada sebagian wilayah menjadi lumbung padi dan bangunan tradisional yang dijadikan sebagai tempat ritual kebudayaan tertentu. Uma lengge yang diperkira telah ada sejak berabad-abad lalu memiliki nilai filosofi tersendiri dan tetap terjaga sampai hari ini sebagai sebuah idetintas budaya masyarakt Bima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai filosofi pada uma lengge. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literature dengan menggali informasi dari berbagai jurnal, buku, maupun artikel yang relavan dan dilakukan analisis untuk mengahasilkan data yang paling relavan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa uma lengge memiliki kearifan local dan nilai filosofi yang tinggi, seperti nilai religiusitas, nilai social dan hubungan dengan alam. Nilanilai filosofi uma lengge masih terus dipertahankan seperti gotong-royong, kekerabatan, serta menghargai alam dengan mempercayai bahwa beberapa tempat memiliki kekuatan tertentu dan dijadikan sebagai lokasi untuk persembahan atau ritual kebudayaan tertentu.
Nexus between India and Bangladesh in the Liberation War of Bangladesh: Consequences of International Agreement
Authors: Romke Rowshon Ara 
Published: October 2024

The support of India and the Soviet Union was very important in the liberation war of Bangladesh, 1971 and the then East Pakistan witnessed a brutal struggle for independence. Amidst the liberation war a triangle web of international alliances and strategic moves attempt to create hegemony in this region. However, it is very urgent to understand the background of why and how India was active, and its attitude was positive in the liberation war of Bangladesh. The present study will investigate these research questions through secondary sources. This present study is qualitative in nature and historical events were explained leveraging the decision making and games theory as theoretical framework. The historic Indo-Soviet Treaty had an immediate impact on the decisive battle between India and Pakistan in the eastern war theater. This paper deals with the explanation for establishing a treaty that was signed between the Soviet Union and India. A focus has been made on the reasons for India's diplomatic role in the liberation war of Bangladesh. This paper also highlights that the friendship treaty between these two countries was not signed to help and aid East Pakistan, but its background prevailed in the 1954 SEATO treaty and aftermath in 1955 Bandung conference that made close friendship ties with USSR and India. Geopolitics, history and international politics played a vital role in signing the treaty that created a nexus between India and Bangladesh during liberation war of Bangladesh.
Analisis Penetapan Cagar Budaya Kampung Adat Cikondang Sebagai Sarana Konservasi Hutan Adat
Authors: Alfiah Rahmawati  , Tri Cahyanto  
Published: October 2024

Indonesia is a country with diverse cultures, and these cultures need to be preserved, one way being through Law No. 11 of 2010 on Cultural Heritage. The traditional village of Cikondang in West Java has been designated as cultural heritage, which has a significant impact on the preservation of its customary forest. This study aims to analyze the impact of this designation on the conservation of the Customary Forest. Using a qualitative method, the research was conducted through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results show that the designation as cultural heritage strengthens the protection, management, and preservation of the customary forest, which serves as a water reservoir, a habitat for flora and fauna, as well as a center for education and research. Strict customary regulations, such as restrictions on entering the forest on certain days and the use of resources only for customary purposes, help maintain the sustainability of the ecosystem. The designation as cultural heritage also boosts tourism and the economic well-being of the local community. Thus, the preservation of the customary forest in the traditional village of Cikondang is not only rooted in local wisdom but also reinforced by national legal policies, which overall support the sustainability of the ecosystem and the welfare of the local community.

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Physiotherapeutic strategy for cervicalgia resulting from excessive use of Smartphones in students of an Angolan university
Authors: Ferreira da Cruz Karina Manuel , António Ana Márcia , Lardoeyt Ferrer Roberto 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Neck pain is considered one of the most uncomfortable musculoskeletal problems and has a major impact on the quality of life of individuals, being the fourth leading cause of disability in adults. With technology constantly advancing, giving rise to devices with numerous functions such as smartphones, it contributes greatly to daily activities, especially for students. However, a large part of students overuse their smartphones and spend hours connected in flexed postures, overloading the cervical region. And physiotherapy offers a variety of effective techniques for this dysfunction. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the physiotherapeutic strategy in students with neck pain resulting from excessive smartphone use. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a longitudinal strategy was carried out with a sample of 14 students of both genders who presented neck pain. The intensity of pain, the range of motion of the cervical region were evaluated, and the spurling test was performed. After the evaluation, a pain relief and range of motion increase program was performed in 6 sections. Results: There was a slight improvement in pain intensity with the visual analogue scale (p=0.11), there was an improvement in the range of motion, both in cervical flexion (p=0.002), cervical extension (p=0.002), right and left lateral cervical tilt (p=0.04) and cervical rotation (p=0.03) and there was an improvement in the spurling test (p=0.002). Conclusion: The physiotherapeutic strategy was effective and provided greater functional independence in students with neck pain due to excessive smartphone use