bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Immune-Related Conditions Associated with Risk of Keratinocyte Cancers among Elderly Adults in the United States
Authors: Yanik Elizabeth L. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Freedman D. Michal , Weinstock Martin A. , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Arron Sarah T. , Chaloux Matthew , Connolly M. Kari , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Engels Eric A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: Elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk is present with several immune-related conditions, e.g., solid organ transplantation and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Because many immune-related conditions are rare, their relationships with keratinocyte carcinoma have not been studied.
Methods: We used Medicare claims to identify cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases in 2012, and controls matched on sex and age. All subjects were aged 65 to 95 years, of white race, and had attended ≥1 dermatologist visit in 2010–2011. Immune-related conditions were identified during 1999–2011 using Medicare claims. Associations were estimated with logistic regression, with statistical significance determined after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
Results: We included 258,683 SCC and 304,903 BCC cases. Of 47 immune-related conditions, 21 and 9 were associated with increased SCC and BCC risk, respectively. We identified strongly elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk with solid organ transplantation (SCC OR = 5.35; BCC OR = 1.94) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SCC OR = 1.62; BCC OR = 1.25). We identified associations with common conditions, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis [SCC OR = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04–1.09] and Crohn's disease (SCC OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.27–1.39; BCC OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.05–1.15), and rare or poorly characterized conditions, e.g., granulomatosis with polyangiitis (SCC OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.61–2.19), autoimmune hepatitis (SCC OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.52–2.16), and deficiency of humoral immunity (SCC OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.41–1.61; BCC OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.14–1.31). Most conditions were more positively associated with SCC than BCC. Associations were generally consistent regardless of prior keratinocyte carcinoma history.
Conclusions: Many immune-related conditions are associated with elevated keratinocyte carcinoma risk and appear more tightly linked to SCC.
Impact: Immunosuppression or immunosuppressive treatment may increase keratinocyte carcinoma risk, particularly SCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 998–1007. ©2017 AACR.
Cervical Infection with Cutaneous Beta and Mucosal Alpha Papillomaviruses
Authors: Sichero Laura , El-Zein Mariam , Nunes Emily M. , Ferreira Silvaneide , Franco Eduardo L. , Villa Luisa L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: Alpha-human papillomavirus (α-HPV) plays a causal role in cervical cancer, but little is known about the epidemiology of genital Beta-human papillomavirus (β-HPV) infection.
Methods: We used Luminex and PCR hybridization to detect β- and α-HPVs prevalence at enrollment and 12-month follow-up in cervical samples from 505 women enrolled in the Ludwig-McGill cohort study. We compared epidemiologic correlates of both β- and α-HPVs and compared genotypes between these genera with respect to co-occurrence and association with cervical cytologic abnormalities.
Results: Infection with β-HPV types was more prevalent than that with α-HPV types at both visits (cumulative prevalences: 27.3% vs. 21.6%, respectively, P = 0.034). β-HPVs were mostly transient; however, only 1.98% women retained their original positivity at 12 months, whereas persistence was higher for α-HPVs (5.15%; P = 0.007). Age, parity, and sexual activity variables were predictors of α-HPV but not of β-HPV. α- and β-HPV types occurred independently. Increased risk of cervical abnormalities was restricted to women infected with α-9 or α-6 HPV types. We found no epidemiologic correlates for β-HPV infections.
Conclusions: Detection of β-HPV types in the cervix tends to occur as random and transient episodes not explained via the sexual-transmission correlates that characterize infections by α-HPVs.
Impact: Although it is plausible that β-HPVs may play a direct or indirect carcinogenic role, the lack of epidemiologic correlates for detection episodes of these viruses and lack of association with cervical lesions speak against their ancillary role as sexually transmitted agents in cervical carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1312–20. ©2017 AACR.
Characterization of an Immunogenic Mutation in a Patient with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Assadipour Yasmine , Zacharakis Nikolaos , Crystal Jessica S. , Prickett Todd D. , Gartner Jared J. , Somerville Robert P.T. , Xu Hui , Black Mary A. , Jia Li , Chinnasamy Harshini , Kriley Isaac , Lu Lily , Wunderlich John R. , Zheng Zhili , Lu Yong-Chen , Robbins Paul F. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Goff Stephanie L. , Feldman Steven A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurpose: The administration of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable tumor regressions in patients with melanoma likely based on the recognition of immunogenic somatic mutations expressed by the cancer. There are limited data regarding the immunogenicity of mutations in breast cancer. We sought to identify immunogenic nonsynonymous mutations in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to identify and isolate mutation-reactive TILs for possible use in adoptive cell transfer.Experimental Design: A TNBC metastasis was resected for TIL generation and whole-exome sequencing. Tandem minigenes or long 25-mer peptides encoding selected mutations were electroporated or pulsed onto autologous antigen-presenting cells, and reactivity of TIL was screened by upregulation of CD137 and IFNγ ELISPOT. The nature of the T-cell response against a unique nonsynonymous mutation was characterized.Results: We identified 72 nonsynonymous mutations from the tumor of a patient with TNBC. CD4+ and HLA-DRB1*1501–restricted TILs isolated from this tumor recognized a single mutation in RBPJ (recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region). Analysis of 16 metastatic sites revealed that the mutation was ubiquitously present in all samples.Conclusions: Breast cancers can express naturally processed and presented unique nonsynonymous mutations that are recognized by a patient's immune system. TILs recognizing these immunogenic mutations can be isolated from a patient's tumor, suggesting that adoptive cell transfer of mutation-reactive TILs could be a viable treatment option for patients with breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4347–53. ©2017 AACR.
Biological Role and Therapeutic Targeting of TGF-β3 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Seystahl Katharina , Papachristodoulou Alexandros , Burghardt Isabel , Schneider Hannah , Hasenbach Kathy , Janicot Michel , Roth Patrick , Weller Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β contributes to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma by promoting invasiveness and angiogenesis and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. So far, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 isoforms have been considered to act in a similar fashion without isoform-specific function in glioblastoma. A pathogenic role for TGF-β3 in glioblastoma has not been defined yet. Here, we studied the expression and functional role of endogenous and exogenous TGF-β3 in glioblastoma models. TGF-β3 mRNA is expressed in human and murine long-term glioma cell lines as well as in human glioma-initiating cell cultures with expression levels lower than TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 in most cell lines. Inhibition of TGF-β3 mRNA expression by ISTH2020 or ISTH2023, two different isoform-specific phosphorothioate locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotide gapmers, blocks downstream SMAD2 and SMAD1/5 phosphorylation in human LN-308 cells, without affecting TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 mRNA expression or protein levels. Moreover, inhibition of TGF-β3 expression reduces invasiveness in vitro. Interestingly, depletion of TGF-β3 also attenuates signaling evoked by TGF-β1 or TGF-β2. In orthotopic syngeneic (SMA-560) and xenograft (LN-308) in vivo glioma models, expression of TGF-β3 as well as of the downstream target, plasminogen-activator-inhibitor (PAI)-1, was reduced, while TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels were unaffected following systemic treatment with TGF-β3-specific antisense oligonucleotides. We conclude that TGF-β3 might function as a gatekeeper controlling downstream signaling despite high expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 isoforms. Targeting TGF-β3 in vivo may represent a promising strategy interfering with aberrant TGF-β signaling in glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1177–86. ©2017 AACR.
Sleep Duration across the Adult Lifecourse and Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality: A Cohort Study in Xuanwei, China
Authors: Wong Jason Y. , Bassig Bryan A. , Vermeulen Roel , Hu Wei , Ning Bofu , Seow Wei Jie , Ji Bu-Tian , Downward George S. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Rothman Nathaniel , Chapman Robert S. , Lan Qing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSufficient sleep duration is crucial for maintaining normal physiological function and has been linked to cancer risk; however, its contribution to lung cancer mortality is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between average sleep duration in various age-periods across the adult lifecourse, and risk of lung cancer mortality in Xuanwei, China. An ambidirectional cohort study was conducted in 42,422 farmers from Xuanwei, China. Participants or their surrogates were interviewed in 1992 to assess average sleep hours in the age periods of 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, and ≥71 years, which were categorized as ≤7, 8 (reference), 9, and ≥10 hours/day. Vital status was followed until 2011. Sex-specific Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer mortality in 1994–2011, adjusted for demographic, anthropometric, medical, and household characteristics. J-shaped relationships were found between average sleep duration and lung cancer mortality. The patterns were consistent across sex, age periods, and fuel usage. Compared with sleeping 8 hours/day on average, ≤7 hours/day was associated with significantly increased HRs ranging from 1.39 to 1.58 in ages ≥41 years in men, and 1.29 to 2.47 in ages ≥51 years in women. Furthermore, sleeping ≥10 hours/day was associated with significantly increased HRs ranging from 2.44 to 3.27 in ages ≥41 year in men, and 1.31 to 2.45 in ages ≤60 years in women. Greater and less than 8 hours/day of sleep in various age-periods may be associated with elevated risk of lung cancer mortality in Xuanwei, China. Cancer Prev Res; 10(6); 327–35. ©2017 AACR.
Correlation of Symptoms, Clinical Signs, and Biomarkers of Inflammation in Postsurgical Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Racette Samuel D. , Wijewickrama Rohan C. , Jayaprakash Vijayvel , Sherris David A. , Santos Carlos , Kita Hirohito , O’Donnell Frank E. , Ponikau Jens U. 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate symptoms described by patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polypoid changes/nasal polyps and their correlation with computed tomography (CT), nasal endoscopy, and intranasal biomarkers. Study Design: Prospective multicenter study symptom data from postsurgical adult chronic rhinosinusitis study participants with recurrent disease refractory to medical therapy were analyzed in comparison with objective data. Methods: Using logistic regression analysis, participant-rated 16-question surveys from 258 participants were assessed for correlation with nasal endoscopy scores, CT percentage of sinus occlusion, and intranasal biomarkers of fungal antigens (Alternaria and Aspergillus), eosinophilic inflammation (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin [EDN] and major basic protein [MBP]), and inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 5 and 13). Results: Study participant assessments revealed increased CT occlusion in participants presenting with greater inability to smell ( P < .019). Mucosal inflammation identified on nasal endoscopy was positively correlated with congestion ( P < .028), runny nose ( P < .002), and ear pain ( P < .007). Elevated EDN was positively correlated in patients with bothersome congestion ( P < .031) and runny nose ( P < .011). Sneezing was positively correlated with multiple markers: Alternaria ( P < .024), interleukin-13 ( P < .027), MBP ( P < .034), and interleukin-5 ( P < .019). Conclusion: Nasal endoscopy, not CT imaging, has the strongest correlation with the 2 cardinal symptoms of congestion and runny nose in CRS patients; these correlate with biomarkers of eosinophilic inflammation.
The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative: Study description and sample characteristics of the Australian and New Zealand arm
Authors: Kirk Katherine M , Martin Felicity C , Mao Amy , Parker Richard , Maguire Sarah , Thornton Laura M , Zhu Gu , McAloney Kerrie , Freeman Jeremy L , Hay Phillipa , Madden Sloane , Morgan Christine , Russell Janice , Sawyer Susan M , Hughes Elizabeth K , Fairweather-Schmidt A Kate , Fursland Anthea , McCormack Julie , Wagg Fiona , Jordan Jennifer , Kennedy Martin A , Ward Warren , Wade Tracey D , Bulik Cynthia M , Martin Nicholas G 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality rates. While its aetiology is poorly understood, there is evidence of a significant genetic component. The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative is an international collaboration which aims to understand the genetic basis of the disorder. This paper describes the recruitment and characteristics of the Australasian Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative sample, the largest sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa ever assembled across Australia and New Zealand.Methods:Participants completed an online questionnaire based on the Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) eating disorders section. Participants who met specified case criteria for lifetime anorexia nervosa were requested to provide a DNA sample for genetic analysis.Results:Overall, the study recruited 3414 Australians and 543 New Zealanders meeting the lifetime anorexia nervosa case criteria by using a variety of conventional and social media recruitment methods. At the time of questionnaire completion, 28% had a body mass index ⩽ 18.5 kg/m2. Fasting and exercise were the most commonly employed methods of weight control, and were associated with the youngest reported ages of onset. At the time of the study, 32% of participants meeting lifetime anorexia nervosa case criteria were under the care of a medical practitioner; those with current body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2were more likely to be currently receiving medical care (56%) than those with current body mass index ⩾ 18.5 kg/m2(23%). Professional treatment for eating disorders was most likely to have been received from general practitioners (45% of study participants), dietitians (42%) and outpatient programmes (42%).Conclusions:This study was effective in assembling the largest community sample of people with lifetime anorexia nervosa in Australia and New Zealand to date. The proportion of people with anorexia nervosa currently receiving medical care, and the most common sources of treatment accessed, indicates the importance of training for general practitioners and dietitians in treating anorexia nervosa.
Evaluation of inflammatory cell biomarkers in chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Mosmiller Lindsey T. , Steele Kelsey N. , Shrader Carl D. , Petrone Ashley B. 
Published: April 2017

Objective Inflammation has been implicated as a factor that may contribute to chronic venous insufficiency. The purpose of this study is to compare readily available inflammatory cell biomarkers, with an emphasis on neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. We hypothesized that circulating leukocyte counts would be higher in the peripheral blood of patients with severe compared to mild chronic venous insufficiency. Methods We performed a retrospective medical record review of patients discharged from Ruby Memorial Hospital (Morgantown, WV, USA) with a primary diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. Patients were organized into two groups—mild and severe chronic venous insufficiency—based on the Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, and Pathophysiological classification system, and inflammatory cell counts were compared between groups. Results We observed a significantly higher neutrophil count ( p = .002) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ( p = .005) in patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency compared to mild. Further, the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio may be a useful predictor of chronic venous insufficiency severity. Conclusions We reported significant differences in inflammatory cell biomarkers between mild and severe chronic venous insufficiency, as well as provided support for the use of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of chronic venous insufficiency severity. These results may provide clinicians with additional insight to manage chronic venous insufficiency in patients and provide a framework for the development of novel treatment options targeting the immune system in chronic venous insufficiency.
Sensitivity and specificity of clinical findings for the diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome in women with chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Herrera-Betancourt Ana Lucia , Villegas-Echeverri Juan Diego , López-Jaramillo Jose Duván , López-Isanoa Jorge Darío , Estrada-Alvarez Jorge Mario 
Published: April 2017

Background Pelvic congestion syndrome is among the causes of pelvic pain. One of the diagnostic tools is pelvic venography using Beard’s criteria, which are 91% sensitive and 80% specific for this syndrome. Objective To assess the diagnostic performance of the clinical findings in women diagnosed with pelvic congestion syndrome coming to a Level III institution. Methods Descriptive retrospective study in women with chronic pelvic pain taken to transuterine pelvic venography at the Advanced Gynecological Laparoscopy and Pelvic Pain Unit of Clinica Comfamiliar, between August 2008 and December 2011, analyzing social, demographic, and clinical variables. Results A total of 132 patients with a mean age of 33.9 years. Dysmenorrhea, ovarian points, and vulvar varices have a sensitivity greater than 80%, and the presence of leukorrhea, vaginal mass sensation, the finding of an abdominal mass, abdominal trigger points, and positive pinprick test have a specificity greater than 80% when compared with venography. Conclusion This study may be considered as the first to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the clinical findings associated with pelvic congestion syndrome in a sample of the Colombian population. In the future, these findings may be used to create a clinical score for the diagnosis of this condition.
What do we know about different models of providing palliative care? Findings from a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Brereton Louise , Clark Joseph , Ingleton Christine , Gardiner Clare , Preston Louise , Ryan Tony , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: April 2017

Background: A wide range of organisational models of palliative care exist. However, decision makers need more information about which models are likely to be most effective in different settings and for different patient groups. Aim: To identify the existing range of models of palliative care that have been evaluated, what is already known and what further information is essential if the most effective and cost-effective models are to be identified and replicated more widely. Design: A review of systematic and narrative reviews according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Reviews) tool. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ASSIA were searched for reviews about models of service provision from 2000 to 2014 and supplemented with Google searches of the grey literature. Results: Much of the evidence relates to home-based palliative care, although some models are delivered across care settings. Reviews report several potential advantages and few disadvantages of models of palliative care delivery. However, under-reporting of the components of intervention and comparator models are major barriers to the evaluation and implementation of models of palliative care. Conclusion: Irrespective of setting or patient characteristics, models of palliative care appear to show benefits and some models of palliative care may reduce total healthcare costs. However, much more detailed and systematic reporting of components and agreement about outcome measures is essential in order to understand the key components and successfully replicate effective organisational models.
Accuracy of high b-value diffusion-weighted MRI for prostate cancer detection: a meta-analysis
Authors: Godley Keith Craig , Syer Tom Joseph , Toms Andoni Paul , Smith Toby Oliver , Johnson Glyn , Cameron Donnie , Malcolm Paul Napier 
Published: April 2017

Background The diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect prostate cancer is well-established. DWI provides visual as well as quantitative means of detecting tumor, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Recently higher b-values have been used to improve DWI’s diagnostic performance. Purpose To determine the diagnostic performance of high b-value DWI at detecting prostate cancer and whether quantifying ADC improves accuracy. Material and Methods A comprehensive literature search of published and unpublished databases was performed. Eligible studies had histopathologically proven prostate cancer, DWI sequences using b-values ≥ 1000 s/mm2, less than ten patients, and data for creating a 2 × 2 table. Study quality was assessed with QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of diagnostic Accuracy Studies). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and tests for statistical heterogeneity and threshold effect performed. Results were plotted on a summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) determined the diagnostic performance of high b-value DWI. Results Ten studies met eligibility criteria with 13 subsets of data available for analysis, including 522 patients. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.61) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.91–0.92), respectively, and the sROC AUC was 0.92. Subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant ( P = 0.03) improvement in accuracy when using tumor visual assessment rather than ADC. Conclusion High b-value DWI gives good diagnostic performance for prostate cancer detection and visual assessment of tumor diffusion is significantly more accurate than ROI measurements of ADC.