bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged corticosterone exposure induces dendritic spine remodeling and attrition in the rat medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Anderson Rachel M. , Glanz Ryan M. , Johnson Shane B. , Miller Mary M. , Romig‐Martin Sara A. , Radley Jason J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe stress‐responsive hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in promoting adaptations acutely, whereas adverse effects on physiology and behavior following chronic challenges may result from overactivity of this system. Elevations in glucocorticoids, the end‐products of HPA activation, play roles in adaptive and maladaptive processes by targeting cognate receptors throughout neurons in limbic cortical networks to alter synaptic functioning. Because previous work has shown that chronic stress leads to functionally relevant regressive alterations in dendritic spine shape and number in pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), this study examines the capacity of sustained increases in circulating corticosterone (B) alone to alter dendritic spine morphology and density in this region. Subcutaneous B pellets were implanted in rats to provide continuous exposure to levels approximating the circadian mean or peak of the steroid for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic area of the mPFC were selected for intracellular fluorescent dye filling, followed by high‐resolution three‐dimensional imaging and analysis of dendritic arborization and spine morphometry. Two or more weeks of B exposure decreased dendritic spine volume in the mPFC, whereas higher dose exposure of the steroid resulted in apical dendritic retraction and spine loss in the same cell population, with thin spine subtypes showing the greatest degree of attrition. Finally, these structural alterations were noted to persist following a 3‐week washout period and corresponding restoration of circadian HPA rhythmicity. These studies suggest that prolonged disruptions in adrenocortical functioning may be sufficient to induce enduring regressive structural and functional alterations in the mPFC. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3729–3746, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunohistochemical localization of cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) in the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Gutierrez‐Ibanez Cristian , Iwaniuk Andrew N. , Jensen Megan , Graham David J. , Pogány Ákos , Mongomery Benjamin C. , Stafford James L. , Luksch Harald , Wylie Douglas R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTCocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptides (CARTp) are neuropeptides that act as neurotransmitters in the brain of vertebrates. The expression of CARTp has been characterized in teleosts, amphibians, and several mammalian species, but comparative data in reptiles and birds are nonexistent. In this study, we show the distribution of immunoreactivity against CART peptides (CARTp‐ir) in the brains of two bird species: the pigeon (Columba livia) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). We found CARTp‐ir cells and terminals in the brains of both, but no major differences between the two species. As in mammals, teleost fish, and amphibians, CARTp‐ir terminals and cells were abundant in subpallial regions, particularly the striatum and nucleus accumbens. We also found CARTp‐ir cells and terminals in the hypothalamus, and a large number of CARTp‐ir terminals in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, and dorsal vagal complex. However, in contrast to other vertebrates, CARTp‐ir was not found in the olfactory bulb. In addition there was almost no CARTp‐ir in the pallium or the hippocampal formation, and little CARTp‐ir in the cerebellum. The conserved expression of CARTp in the subpallium, hypothalamus, and dorsal vagal complex of birds suggests that some of the functions of CARTp, such as regulation of food intake and interactions with the social control network and mesolimbic reward system, are conserved among vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3747–3773, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Method of Control of Ion Drag Force in Complex Plasmas
Authors: Pavlov S.I. , Dzlieva E.S. , Karasev V.Yu. , Ermolenko M.A. , Novikov L.A. , Maiorov S. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe research of dust structures dynamics in striations of the glow discharge in the magnetic field in the mixture of gases is presented. A variation of an ion flux velocity at an additive in light plasma forming gas of a small changeable portion of heavy and easily ionized components makes the control of ion drag force. It is shown that the small part of xenon (up to 5 percent) changes the static and dynamic properties of dust structure essentially. The increase of angular velocity of dust structure is revealed upon transition from pure helium to the mixture with small impurity of xenon. A reduction of vertical interpartical distance in dust structure in the mixture with xenon is detected. Results are agreed with data of calculation of characteristics of drift of ions in mixtures of gases. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Features of the Vapor‐Liquid (dielectric‐metal) Phase Transition in Metal Vapors, Semiconductors and Rare Gases
Authors: Khomkin A. L. , Shumikhin A. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new method for the calculation of the critical point parameters and binodal of vapor‐liquid (dielectric‐metal) phase transition is suggested. It is based on the hypothesis that cohesion, which defines the main properties of solid state, also determines the properties in the vicinity of the critical point. Comparison with experimental and theoretical data available for metals, semiconductors and rare gases is made. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Corrections to the Electrical Conductivity of the Fully Ionized Plasma at Moderate Values of the Degeneracy Parameter
Authors: Karakhtanov V. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe influence of the electronic degeneration on the electrical conductivity of the fully ionized low‐density hightemperature plasma is investigated. The consideration basis is the following: the linear response theory in the formulation of Zubarev, Lenard‐Balescu‐type collision integrals with dynamical screening of the Coulomb interaction, the first Born approximation in the thermodynamic Green's functions technique. Asymptotic expansions for correlation functions for electron‐ion and electron‐electron scattering as functions of the degeneracy parameter Θ = kBT/EF in the range from Θ » 1 to Θ → 1 are obtained. The results presented are improved approximation formulas for the correlation functions and the electrical conductivity. The Spitzer factors for the electrical conductivity are slightly corrected. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling of Compounds Containing Activated C–H/Heteroatom–H Bonds with N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Jadhav Amol P. , Ray Devalina , Rao V. U. Bhaskara , Singh Ravi P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDirect coupling between N‐tosylhydrazones and various coupling partners such as 1,3‐azoles, alkynes, and heteroatoms in the presence of Cu catalysts has turned out to be an extremely attractive route for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation. Recently, both intra‐ and intermolecular versions, along with cascade reactions involving sequential inter‐ and intramolecular coupling, have made a significant impact in synthetic chemistry. Emphasis has been placed on copper as catalyst to highlight the advantages of these methods over those involving several other late‐transition‐metal catalysts. The limited advancements to date leave ample opportunity for further investigation in this area, which still has a long way to go in the near future. The key intermediates in these reactions arise from a carbene migratory insertion process that can be terminated in numerous ways, resulting in the formation of a diverse range of pharmaceutically important scaffolds.
Bioelectrocatalytic Activity of Immobilized Alcohol Oxidase on 4‐(pyrrole‐1‐yl) Benzoic Acid Modified Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kowalewska Barbara , Jakubow Katarzyna 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA novel bioelectrocatalytic system was prepared by immobilizing alcohol oxidase (AOx) onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with 4‐(pyrrole‐1‐yl) benzoic acid (PyBA). Functional carboxylic groups from PyBA create covalent amide linkages with amine groups from the enzyme molecule and provide an anchor for the effective immobilization of AOx improving the stability of the whole system. The immobilized enzyme displayed a pair of reversible redox peaks of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor with the formal potential E0’=−0.451 V. The response showed a surface‐controlled electrode process with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ks=2.7 s−1. Under aerobic conditions AOx(FADH2) can be oxidized to AOx(FAD) by oxygen, which then reacts with ethanol decreasing the cathodic response, which could be used for ethanol detection with a high sensitivity 13.1 μA mM−1 cm−2. The lack of bioactivity towards ethanol in anaerobic conditions suggests the presence of two types of AOx molecules in the system: active with oxygen maintaining the direct electron transfer feature and not active without a redox mediator, due to the deeply embedded FAD cofactor. The polarization curve showed that the electrooxidation current of ethanol appears at −410 mV and reaches 2.0 µA cm−1 at −300 mV. In this case, the bioactivity of AOx to ethanol can be observed offering promising solution for the development of mediatorless systems for application to biosensors and biofuel cells.
Development of Figures of Merit for Pyroelectric Energy‐Harvesting Devices
Authors: Sharma Manish , Vaish Rahul , Chauhan Vishal Singh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study is an attempt to formulate figures of merit (FOMs) for pyroelectric energy‐harvesting devices that include the material's physical properties (pyroelectric coefficient, density, and heat capacity) along with dimensions of the material (thickness and area). The figures of merit are reported for pyroelectric generators using a scaling method, and these FOMs are slightly different from existing reported FOMs, likely due to the consideration of convective heat losses during materials heating. These losses have significant importance in pyroelectric energy‐harvesting applications which had not been previously considered in the existing FOMs reported in the literature. Such FOMs can be directly used for materials selection as well as for efficient device design for pyroelectric energy harvesting applications.
Nutritional, antioxidative, and antimicrobial analysis of the Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.)
Authors: Ota Ajda , Višnjevec Ana Miklavčič , Vidrih Rajko , Prgomet Željko , Nečemer Marijan , Hribar Janez , Cimerman Nina Gunde , Možina Sonja Smole , Bučar‐Miklavčič Milena , Ulrih Nataša Poklar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCeltis australis is a deciduous tree commonly known as Mediterranean hackberry or the European nettle tree. The fruit of hackberry are seldom used for nutritional purposes. The nutritional and physicochemical properties of ripe hackberry fruit from Istria (Marasi village near Vrsar, Croatia) were determined, including water, total fiber, protein, vitamin, mineral, and phenolic contents. This analysis demonstrates that the hackberry fruit is a valuable source of dietary fiber, protein, and vitamins, and of pigments such as lutein, β‐carotene, zeaxanthin, and tocopherols. The seasonal differences associated with the different growth stages for the element composition, total phenolic content, and phenolic profile were also determined for hackberry mesocarp and leaves. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from mesocarp and leaves harvested at different growth stages and their phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. This study demonstrates that water and ethanol extracts of hackberry fruit and leaves collected at different growth stages contain epicatechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, delphinidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, and pelargonidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside. They also show some antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Further studies are needed to identify and define the active ingredients of these hackberry leaf ethanol extracts.
Dynamic functional connectivity reveals altered variability in functional connectivity among patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Demirtaş Murat , Tornador Cristian , Falcón Carles , López‐Solà Marina , Hernández‐Ribas Rosa , Pujol Jesús , Menchón José M. , Ritter Petra , Cardoner Narcis , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Deco Gustavo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractResting‐state fMRI (RS‐fMRI) has become a useful tool to investigate the connectivity structure of mental health disorders. In the case of major depressive disorder (MDD), recent studies regarding the RS‐fMRI have found abnormal connectivity in several regions of the brain, particularly in the default mode network (DMN). Thus, the relevance of the DMN to self‐referential thoughts and ruminations has made the use of the resting‐state approach particularly important for MDD. The majority of such research has relied on the grand averaged functional connectivity measures based on the temporal correlations between the BOLD time series of various brain regions. We, in our study, investigated the variations in the functional connectivity over time at global and local level using RS‐fMRI BOLD time series of 27 MDD patients and 27 healthy control subjects. We found that global synchronization and temporal stability were significantly increased in the MDD patients. Furthermore, the participants with MDD showed significantly increased overall average (static) functional connectivity (sFC) but decreased variability of functional connectivity (vFC) within specific networks. Static FC increased to predominance among the regions pertaining to the default mode network (DMN), while the decreased variability of FC was observed in the connections between the DMN and the frontoparietal network. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2918–2930, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Failure mechanisms in CoCrMo modular femoral stems for revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Qiong , Parry Michael , Masri Bassam A. , Duncan Clive , Wang Rizhi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this retrieval study, we reported the failure mechanisms of the CoCrMo‐based hip implants. Systematic analyses on the clinically failed modular femoral stems from Revitan™ revision prostheses revealed a multistep fracture process. Multiple microcracks were first developed under the combined action of pitting corrosion and dynamic tensile stress on the lateral side of the CoCrMo connection taper. These microcracks then served as the initiation sites of further corrosion fatigue cracking leading to the final catastrophic failure. This crack initiation process has not been previously reported on retrieved CoCrMo components and our findings provide valuable information on the clinical performance of such implants, as well as the material selection and structural designs of future modular stems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1525–1535, 2017.
Artemisia Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Up‐Regulating Adiponectin
Authors: Sun Xia , Sun Hong , Zhang Jing , Ji Xianghong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has affected a great number of pregnant women worldwide. Artemisia extracts have been found to exhibit a potent antidiabetic effect in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to examine the effects of Artemisia extract on insulin resistance and lipid profiles in pregnant GDM patients. Patients in their second trimester were randomly assigned to the Artemisia extract group (AE) or to a placebo group (PO). They were instructed to consume either AE or PO daily for a period of 10 weeks. Glucose and insulin profiles and adiponectin level were assessed at baseline (week 0) and after the treatment (week 10). Compared to the PO group, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin levels, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and β‐cell function (HOMA‐B) were significantly reduced in the AE group participants. Moreover, levels of circulating adiponectin were also significantly up‐regulated in the AE group, which also positively contributed to improved insulin sensitivity. Daily administration of Artemisia extract improves insulin sensitivity by up‐regulating adiponectin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Aqueous fractionation of hardwood: selective glucuronoxylan solubilisation and purification of the reaction products
Authors: Rivas Sandra , Santos Valentín , Parajó Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe solubilisation of hardwood glucuronoxylan using hot, compressed water is an environmentally friendly technology for biorefineries. Upon processing, most cellulose and lignin remain in the solid phase and can be further separated, enabling the integral benefit of the feedstock.RESULTSThe combined effects of time and temperature on the aqueous, non‐isothermal processing of Betula alba wood have been assessed in selected experiments. Operating at temperatures within the range 190–230 °C, sugars and higher saccharides derived from glucuronoxylan were the major reaction products, whereas cellulose and lignin were scarcely affected. Refining treatments by membranes and ion‐exchange resulted in mixtures of partially acetylated, acidic oligo‐ and polysaccharides made up of xylose.CONCLUSIONThe processing scheme proposed in this work enabled the production of separate streams containing substituted hemicellulosic saccharides with different average polymerisation degrees, which show potential as co‐products for biorefineries. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Testicular microlithiasis: Correlation with doppler sonography of testicular arteries and sperm function
Authors: Mahafza Waleed S. , Alarini Mahmoud Y. , Awadghanem Ahmed F. , Odwan Ghazi , Juweid Malik E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo determine the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis and its correlation with Doppler parameters of testicular arteries and sperm function.MethodsReports of 1,200 consecutive scrotal sonographic examinations performed at our hospital were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with testicular microlithiasis were recalled for detailed scrotal sonographic examination, including Doppler sonography and sperm function. The same examinations were performed in an age‐matched control group and the findings compared.ResultsTesticular microlithiasis was found in 64 cases (5.3%). Doppler sonography showed mean resistance index, Vmax, and Vmin of 61.1 ± 9.3%, 18.2 ± 4.7 cm/s, and 7.7 ± 2.3 cm/s, respectively, in the testicular microlithiasis group versus 62.4 ± 10.4%, 18.4 ± 5.7 cm/s, and 7.3 ± 2.4 cm/s, respectively, in the control group (p = 0.49, 0.84 and 0.35, respectively). Sperm function tests demonstrated sperm count, motility, and normal morphology (normal oval head) of 29.6 ± 20.4 × 106/mL, 35.3 ± 16.2%, and 44.4 ± 12%, respectively, in patients with testicular microlithiasis versus 54.3 ± 22.4 × 106 /mL, 50.2% ± 14.4%, and 66.4 ± 11.6% in control subjects (p < 0.02).ConclusionsPrevalence of testicular microlithiasis of 5.3% in Jordanian patients is similar to what has been reported in the literature. Testicular microlithiasis does not have a significant effect on Doppler parameters of testicular arteries. The apparent impairment of sperm function in patients with testicular microlithiasis warrants further studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:474–479, 2016
Validation of PI‐RADS v.2 for prostate cancer diagnosis with MRI at 3T using an external phased‐array coil
Authors: Baldisserotto Matteo , Neto Eurico J. Dornelles , Carvalhal Gustavo , de Toledo Aloyso F. , de Almeida Clovis M. , Cairoli Carlos E.D. , de Silva Daniel O. , Carvalhal Eduardo , Paganin Ricardo P. , Agra Alexandre , de Santos Francisco S. , Noronha Jorge A.P. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo date, few studies have validated the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 (PI‐RADS v. 2) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Our aim was to validate PI‐RADS v.2 using 3 Tesla (T) MRI.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 54 consecutive patients who underwent 3T MRI with a body‐array coil for diagnostic confirmation of prostate cancer or cancer staging between June 2013 and June 2015. Sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were calculated based on a criterion of PI‐RADS score = 3. Inter‐examiner agreement was determined by the weighted kappa statistic.ResultsHistological findings were positive for cancer in 33 patients and negative in 21 patients. Considering a PI‐RADS score of 3 as positive for cancer, the accuracy of each reader was 85.20% and 70.40%, respectively, and agreement coefficients were κ = 0.69 and κ = 0.35. Considering PI‐RADS 3 as absence of cancer, the accuracy of each reader was 77.80% and 77.80%, respectively, and agreement was κ = 0.55 and κ = 0.54. Inter‐reader agreement was moderate/good (weighted κ = 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.39–0.66; P = 0.038).ConclusionHigh accuracy was obtained for the diagnosis of prostate cancer using 3T MRI with a body coil and the PI‐RADS v.2 score. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1354–1359.
An efficient encoding and decoding algorithm for tracking circulation of commodity by discretizing information matrix
Authors: Wan Guochun , Lu Dongjie , Tong Meisong 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this paper, an efficient encoding and decoding algorithm is developed for tracking circulation of commodity. We take a discrete and optimized approach to construct the encoding and decoding method by using a matrix as an information carrier. This method is more durable against the damage of outer packages and can obtain a high recovery rate of commodity's information. Generally, it is very diffcult to track the original information in the circulation of commodity. We use the optimized encoding method to link the original information of commodity with a database so that the commodity can be pinpointed in the whole circulation. Also, the original information can be restored by an efficient decoding algorithm whenever necessary. The optimized method is designed based on two traditional encoding and decoding methods, and these methods are compared by running certain simulations with a large number of testing data. The results show that the improved and optimized method can obtain a much higher recovery rate of commodity's information and is more durable against the damage of outer packages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.