bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pear, Control of Pear Psylla and Pear Rust Mite with Sankyo Products, 1996
Authors: Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seven-year-old ‘Bartlett’ trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Pear 3 Block) were sprayed with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayed at a rate of 75 gpa. Trees were arranged in a CR design of single trees, replicated 4 times. Test materials were applied on 25 May (petal fall), 7 Jun (1C), and 31 Jul (PP threshold of 0.3 nymphs per leaf). Streptomycin, Benlate, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Funginex, Captan, and Guthion were applied to all treatments separately. Dates of PP and PRM evaluation were 10 Jun, 24 Jun, 8 Jul, 24 Jul and 14 Aug. At each evaluation, 50 leaves per replicate were picked, brushed in a mite brushing machine and examined under a stereomicroscope for PRM adults. Twenty-five leaves per replicate were also evaluated under a stereo microscope for PP nymphs and eggs. Mean data are reported as PRM adults power leaf, and PP nymphs or eggs per 25 leaves. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 21 Aug by picking 25 fruit randomly from the periphery of the tree from each replicate and examining them for sooty mold from PP and PRM russetting. Sooty mold and russetting evaluations were based on visual inspection, with the scoring criteria listed in the table.
Ataenius Adult Control, 1996
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A grid of 15 X 15 ft plots was established in the heavy clay soil fairway of hole # 14 at a golf course near South Lyon in Oakland County, MI. The actual area sprayed was 12 X 12 ft, leaving a 1.5 ft buffer on all sides. Four 8-dram vials were half filled with ethylene glycol and were buried in each plot as pitfall traps. Liquid products were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer from R&D Sprayers. The applications were made at 50 psi with a boom holding four 8008 nozzles. Liquid insecticides were mixed with water and applied at a rate of 4 gal/1000 ft2 (175 gpa). Applications were made on 13 May after placing the vials in the plots. It was 45°F and sunny with 0—5 mph wind. The vials were examined on 20 and 28 May to count the number of ataenius beetles trapped in each.
Control of Leaf Vagrant Eriophyid Mites on Linden with Foliar-Applied Insecticides/Acaricides, 1996
Authors: Sclar Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the City of Fort Collins Timberline Tree Nursery located in southwest Fort Collins, CO. Three-year old littleleaf linden trees (approx. 5 ft tall, 1 in dbh) were used in the experiment. Trees were already infested with high populations of eriophyid mites prior to the com-mencement of the experiment. Plots in the experiment consisted of individual tree branches treated with insecticides. Plot design was a RCB with 5 repli-cates, each tree serving as a replicate. Treatments were applied on 6 Aug to the point of run-off with a hand-held pump mist sprayer. Plots were sampled on 8 and 14 Aug. Five individual leaves from each branch unit were removed on each sampling date. Leaves were placed in plastic bags and returned to the laboratory and refrigerated until examination. Each leaf was examined under at 40× with a dissecting scope for the presence of eriophyid mites in the field of view along 5 major leaf veins. The mean number of mites per 5 leaves (25 major veins) is presented.
Efficacy of Hot Air as a Postharvest Disinfestation Treatment Against Thrips on Cut Chrysanthe-Mums, Hawaii, 1996
Authors: Hara A. H. , Hu B.K.S. , Hata T. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Agricultural Research Station in Hilo, HI. Flowers were harvested on 2 Apr from a commercial planting in Mt. View, HI, and transported to the Experiment Station for subsequent tests. Flower stems were divided into 18 groups arranged in 6 treatments with 3 replicates of 10 stems each and held in 19 liter buckets containing 11 liters of tap water. Flowers were treated on 3 Apr (rep 1) and 8 Apr (reps 2 and 3). Treatment consisted of placing the bucket of flowers in the hot air chamber at 44.4 °C, 60% r.h., 0.23 m3 s-1 fan circulation at 26 °C (measured) for 1-5 h at 1 h interval. The check was not treated. Immediately after treatment, flowers were enclosed in bags made from spunbonded polyester (Reemay 2006 UV [20 g/m2], DuPont Wilmington, DE) to prevent cross contamination. Twenty-four hours after treatment, thrips were extracted from 10 flowers (1 flower per stem) using Berlese funnels heated with a 60 watt incandescent light bulb. Thrips were collected in a 8:2:1:1 solution of ethanol, distilled H2O, acetic acid and glycerin. The number of adults and nymphs were counted and pooled for analysis. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated by Waller Duncan k-ratio t test k = 100.
Postharvest Treatments Against Thrips in Pincushion Protea, 1996
Authors: Hara A. H. , Tenbrink V. L. , Hu B. K. S. , Hata T. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two efficacy trials were conducted from 28 Feb through 27 Mar at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Agricultural Research Station in Hilo, HI. Protea flowers were obtained from a commercial farm in Kailua-Kona, HI. Both trials consisted of 9 cut flowers with leaves per treatment and 3 replicates. Dips were for 5 min with 10 stroke agitation at the beginning and end of each treatment. Fogs were introduced into a 2.5 m3 chamber with a garden fogger for a treatment duration of 2 h. All aerosol treatments were applied to single flowers from 30 cm for 1 s. Following treatment, flowers were enclosed in bags made from spunbonded polyester (Reemay 2006 UV [20 g/m2], Du Pont, Wilmington, DE) and held for 7 days to allow egg hatch. After 7 days, thrips were extracted using Berlese funnels, heated with a 40 watt light bulb. Thrips were collected in a 8:2:1:1 solution of ethanol, distilled water, acetic acid and glycerin. The number of adults and nymphs was counted and transformed to log10 (x + 1) for analysis.
Dose-Mortality Response of the Cotton Boll Weevil to Selected Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Stadler T. , McKibben G. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Eight commercial insecticides were applied topically to adult laboratory-reared boll weevils. Serial dilutions were applied to the ventral abdominal surface utilizing a Hamilton repeating dispenser fitted with a 50 μl syringe calibrated to deliver a 1 jxl droplet. Insects were 5-7 d adults obtained from the USDA-ARS Gast Rearing Facility, Mississippi State, MS. Following topical application, weevils were placed in petri dishes, held at constant temperature (28°) and humidity (70-74%), at a 12 h light phase. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, and 72 h. Mortality estimates LD50 were based on a minimum of four doses per in-secticide. Three replicates of 30 weevils each were treated. Dose-mortality data were analyzed by probit analysis. When necessary, control mortality was corrected using Abbott’s formula.
Gray Garden Slug Control in Field Corn, 1995
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three molluscicides were tested at various rates for control of juvenile gray garden slugs in field corn near Wooster, OH. There were 4 replications of 8 treatments with plots measuring 50 X 50 ft. Molluscicides treatments were applied to plots using an Ortho Whirlybird hand spreader on the evening of 5 Jun. Corn was in the 4th leaf stage atthe time of application. Most plants showed slug injury at this time, ranging from light to moderate feeding with a few plants having heavy defoliation. Molluscicide efficacy was measured using 3 methods. The first technique was counting the number of slugs per 10 corn plants at 3, 9, and 17 DAT; counts were taken at dusk after the slugs emerged from underneath crop residue. The second evaluation involved sampling slugs using attractant beer traps at 3, 10, and 17 DAT. Plastic 16 oz cups were placed in 4 in diam holes, partially filled with beer, and covered with a 1 ft2 aluminum-covered roofing shingle. The numbers of slugs per trap were recorded the following day. The third method was plant stand counts, number of plants per 20 ft, taken 4 wk after treatment. All sampling and stand counts were done in the center 20 X 20 ft area of the plots. Data were analyzed using ANOVA; LSD was used to separate treatment means where appropriate.
Residual Toxicity of Aerially Applied Rh-5992 to Spotted Fireworm and Sparganothis Fruitworm in Cranberries, 1996
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Peng H. , Stuart R.J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted on a ˜2.0 acre seedling bed of ‘Ben Lears’ near Chatsworth, NJ. RH-5992 was applied by fixed-wing aircraft on 29 Jun at the rate of 0.25 lb AI in 20 gal of water per acre. A spray adjuvant, Latron B-1956 was included in the spray at 0.12% v/v. Foliage was collected from treated and adjacent untreated plots 0, 2, 5, and 7 DAT. On each sampling day, 15-20 cranberry uprights were collected from each of 10-12 locations along a transect in each plot. The bioassay apparatus consisted of a waterpick inserted into a 40 dram vial (10 cm length and 4 cm diameter) through a circular hole cut in the plastic cap of the vial. Cranberry uprights (3-4 twigs, 10-15 cm long) were placed in the waterpick (filled with water) and inserted into the vial. A 2.5 cm diameter opening was made on the top end of each vial and covered with very fine nylon cloth to facilitate ventilation. A single neonate first-instar larva of either SFW or SPARG was placed on cranberry foliage in each vial. Vials were examined after 7-10 d and larval survival recorded.
Insect and Mite Control on Walnuts, 1996
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Nomoto R. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted in a commercial walnut orchard near Tracy, CA. Eighteen treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Treatments were applied with a hand-held orchard! sprayer operating at 300 psi and delivering 350 gpa of finished spray (6.4 gal/tree). Application timings were based on degree days (DD) which were calculated with a 31 Mar biofix for the first generation and 5 Jun biofix for the second generation, using a single sine horizontal cutoff model with a lower; threshold of 50° F and an upper threshold of 88° F and with air temperature from the San Joaquin County weather station in Tracy. Target application tim-ings were: V-71639 and CGA-59205 at 100 and 500 DD from 1st and 2nd biofix, CM-001 and Confirm (IGR standard) at 200 and 600 DD from 1st and 2nd biofix, CM-002/X, Brigade and Lorsban/Imidan/Azinphos-M/Lorsban (conventional standard) at 300 and 700 DD from 1st and 2nd biofix. Due to rain on 15 and 16 May, the CM-001 and Confirm treatments which were applied on 15 May were retreated on 20 May. Control of the overwintering CM generation (first application) was evaluated by inspecting all dropped nuts weekly from 23 May through 1 Jul for CM infestation. Control of the summer generations was evaluated by inspecting 100 nuts/tree at commercial harvest on 6 Sep for CM and NOW infestation. Control of WA, motile TSM and ERM was evaluated by sampling 10 leaflets per replicate on 22 Jun and 29 Jul. WA and WAP “mummies” were counted in the field while motile TSM and ERM were brushed from the leaves and counted under magnification (20X) in the laboratory. Flight activity of male CM was monitored weekly from 19 Mar through 29 Aug by four pheromone traps placed high in the tree canopy.
Seedcorn Maggot and Wireworm Control with Seed Treatments, 1996
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, ID. Beans were planted 31 May and furrow irrigated. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam that had been in Timothy grass seed production 3 yr previous to rotation into beans. Three treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each plot was 8 rows by 25 ft long. Seed was obtained from the UI Foundation Seed stock and treated with the compounds used in this study prior to planting. Damage was evaluated by destructively sampling the center 10 ft of rows 2, 3, 6 and 7. One sample row was sampled per wk by removal of the seed by hand and then examining for characteristic damage by SCM and wireworm WW. Number of seeds or seedlings damaged by each insect was recorded along with the total number of seed or seedlings examined to calculate percent damage. Stand counts were also taken at these times.
Evaluation of Chlorfenpyr for Dbm Control on Head Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Shimabuku R. S. , Colbert D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from April to May. The field was set up in a CRB design with eight treatments and four replications (blocks). Treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer set at 60 psi with an output of 100 GPA. One hollow cone nozzle (TX-26) was used per row. The first treatment was applied one week after transplanting into the field on 9 Apr. Subsequently, six applications were made weekly until the week before harvest on the following dates: 16, 23, 30 Apr, 7, 14, 21 May. The treated check treatment consisted of Bacillus thuringienis aizawai (BTA) or Proclaim applied using the University of Hawaii DBM resistance management protocol. BTA products are used prior to the cupping stage of growth. Proclaim 0.15 EC @ 6.0 oz./A is applied if DBM densities exceed 1.0 larva per plant. Proclaim is used after cupping if DBM densities exceed 0.5 larva/plant and 1-2 applications are made during the two weeks prior to harvest if DBM is present. Larval thresholds were determined by making larval counts on 10 plants/treatment replication. Mattch at 2.0 qt./acre was the BTA product used and it was applied on 16 and 23 Apr. Proclaim was applied on 30 Apr, 7 and 14 May.
Control of Corn Lepidoptera with Foliar Applications, 1997
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two separate trials were conducted. Corn for the first trial was planted on 28 May and for the second trial on 12 Jun, both at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. The plants were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates of nine treatments and one check. Plots consisted of seven 25-ft rows of sweet corn on 30-inch centers with 9-inch plant spacing. Blocks were separated by 25 ft. Treatments involved three applications of each insecticide for controlling naturally intesting Lepidoptera. Foliar sprays were applied with a 5-row CO2-pressurized high-boy tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles per row (one over the top and one drop nozzle on each side) with flat fan 110015 tips, and delivering 30 gpa at 47 psi and 2.5 mph. Silwet L-77 spray adjuvant was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments. In the first trial, insecticides were applied on 8, 15, and 23 Aug. Treatments for the second trial were applied on 15, 23 Aug, and 2 Sep. Trials were evalu-ated on 2 and 8 Sep for the respective plots by selecting 25 ears from the five treated rows of each plot and evaluating them for ear injury.
Efficacy of Merit 75 Wp, Pinpoint 15 G, and Dursban 50 W Against Pestsl Of Red Ginger, 1996
Authors: Hara A. H. , Hata T. Y. , Jacobsen C. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted from 1 May 96 through 14 Jan 97 at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Agricultural Research Station in Hilo, HI. Treatments con-sisted of 4 replicates with 3 plots (approx. 40-6’ plant stalks per plot) per replicate arranged in a RCB experimental design. Merit 75 WP was applied once as an insecticide drench on 13 May. Pinpoint 15 G was applied once on 14 May and watered in lightly after application. Dursban 50 WP was applied every two weeks as a foliar spray for a total of three applications beginning 13 May and ending 6 Jun using a solo back pack sprayer (Solo Inc., Newport News, VA) equipped with an 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi (133 gpa). The spreader sticker Bond (Loveland Industries, Greeley, CO) and surfactant Silwet L-77 (Loveland Industries, Greeley, CO) was added to Dursban treatments and the check at a rate of 1.0 pt and 3.0 fl oz per 100 gal, respectively. Pre-treatment data were taken on 1 May 96. Treatment efficacy was determined biweekly by dissecting all mature flowers (terminal leaf sheath harvested with each flower) and observing for various insect pests. Flowers were considered infested if a single live (moving) insect was found. The three species of mealy-bugs were pooled for analysis. The percentages of infested flowers were transformed to arcsine square root and subjected to ANOVA.
Agri-Mek/Adjuvant Evaluation, 1997
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 2.1-acre block of 12-yr-old trees on M7A rootstock. The trees measured 11.5 ft in height and 10 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 12 X 18 ft. The experiment involved 4 replications of 16- to 20-tree plots (3 rows X 4 or 5 trees/row) in a RCB design. Treatments were applied on 14 May (12 days after petal fall) as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.4 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gal/acre. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were COCS, Confirm, Dithane, Guthion, Nova, Penncap-M, Penncozeb, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatments were evaluated by taking arthropod pest counts from the center ‘Delicious’ tree in each plot periodically during the season. White apple leafhopper control was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. Treatment effect against spotted tentiform leafminer was determined by counting tissue-feeder mines observed during a 5 minute period per tree. Control of European red mite was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves per tree, removing mites with a mitebrushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit were rated for russeting as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;50% russeted surface) on 16 Sep.
Onion Thrips Control Trial with Pyrethroid Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Kramer-Wilson Karen , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at the Horticulture Field Research Center of Colorado State University north of Ft. Collins, CO. Plots were established 23 Apr with ‘Tango’ transplant onions into beds at 30-inch spacing. Individual plots were 25-ft in length and plot design was a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied, 16 Jun and 27 Jun, with a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 12 gpa. Evaluations were made by sampling all thrips on 10 plants from each plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1997
Authors: Kolarik Paul , Grafius E. , Bishop B. , Nelson N. , Hoffman H. , Ayotte A. , Miller K. , Patrick J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seventeen insecticide treatments were tested at the M.S.U. Research Farm, in Entrican, MI, for the control of Colorado potato beetles (CPB). ‘Snowden’ potatoes were planted 12 inches apart with a 34-inch row spacing on 21 May. Treatments were replicated four times and assigned to plots in a RCB design. Plots measured 45 ft in length and three rows wide. The Admire, CGA-293343 4 FS, CGA-293343/CGA-173506 1.5%, CGA-293343/CGA-173506 2.0%, and Temik treatments were all applied at planting. The first foliar treatment was applied at 40% CPB hatch on 23 Jun using a tractor-mounted sprayer (30 gal/acre, 40 psi). Subsequent first-generation sprays were applied on 1 Jul and 7 Jul. Agri-Mek and Agenda were applied on 23 Jun and 7 Jul only. Spintor (both rates) was applied on both 23 Jun and 27 Jun. Alert and Acrobat were applied on each of the spray dates. Insecticide effectiveness was determined by counting various stages of CPB on four or three randomly selected plants from the middle row of each plot. A count of four plants was done on 25 Jun. Counts of three plants per plot were done on 3 Jul, 10 Jul, and 18 Jul. Due to light CPB pressure due to a cold spring and early summer, second-generation sprays were not needed this year. All plots were sprayed with Agri-Mek on 23 Jul for the second-generation beetles present. Each plot was assessed for defoliation on 3 Jul and 10 Jul. The middle row of potatoes from each plot was harvested on 4 Sep, separated by size and weight.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes with Foliar Insecticide Sprays, 1997
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Parr Annika 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20-ft rows on 4 Apr. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom-built compressed-air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gpa at 30 psi. All plots were treated 28 May and 1, 10 Jul. Novodor plots were sprayed again on 5 and 18 Jun. Agri-Mek and Provado WG received a second application on 18 Jun. On 1 and 10 Jul the Agri-Mek and Novodor plots were sprayed with Provado 1.6 E at the rate of 0.047 lb (AI)/acre. The Agenda plots; were treated on 16 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae, egg masses per 10 plants and % defoliation were recorded. Because of excessive soft rot, yields were not recorded.
Control of Green Peach Aphid on Potato, 1997
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Suranyi Robert A. , Connors Tim , Ragsdale David W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 19 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were replicated sixteen times in a completely randomized design. Plots were 8 rows (36-inch row spacing) wide by 30 ft long with 12-ft alleyways separating plots. On 8 Aug, a pre-treatment count was made and all treatments were applied on 9 Aug. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 45 gpa at 90 psi with three nozzles per row. Plots were treated with Asana or Methoxychlor every 7 days beginning at late June to enhance the aphid population and to control potato leafhopper. Early and late blight were controlled by weekly applications of chlorothalonil or mancozeb. Thirty-five midplant leaves were sampled from the center four rows of each plot on each sample date.
Control of Potato Leafhopper on Potatoes Using Reduced Ratesl of Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Suranyi Robert A. , Longtine Craig A. , Ragsdale David W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 19 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications. Plots were 8 rows wide by 40 ft long, separated by 12 ft of al-falfa borders on all sides to enhance PLH population. Thirty-five midplant leaves were sampled from the center four rows of each plot. Pre-treatment counts and treatment applications were made 29 Jul. All treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted Brittonya boom sprayer delivering 45 gpa at 90 psi with 3 nozzles per row. Post-treatment counts of PLH nymphs were made 30 Jul, 24 hours after treatment. Early and late blight were controlled by eight applications of chlorothalonil. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using logl0(x).