bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Humeral Capitellum in Young Athletes
Authors: Kajiyama Shiro , Muroi Satoshi , Sugaya Hiroyuki , Takahashi Norimasa , Matsuki Keisuke , Kawai Nobuaki , Osaki Makoto 
Published: March 2017

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions are often observed in the humeral capitellum both in young baseball players and gymnasts. It is generally believed that capitellar OCD in baseball players can be seen on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph with the elbow in 45° of flexion. However, the mechanism of injury seems to be different in baseball players and gymnasts. Repetitive valgus overload with the elbow in flexion is believed to be the cause of capitellar OCD lesions in baseball players, whereas weightbearing with the elbow in extension may be the cause of OCD in gymnasts. Purpose: To determine the difference in capitellar OCD location between baseball players and gymnasts and to propose the optimal AP radiographic angle of the elbow for visualization of early-stage OCD lesions in adolescent gymnasts. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Subjects consisted of 95 baseball players (95 elbows) and 21 gymnasts (24 elbows) with a mean age of 13.7 years (range, 11-18 years). To localize the lesion, inclination of the affected area in the humeral capitellum against the humeral axis was investigated using sagittal computed tomography images of the elbow. The inclination angle was defined as the angle between the long axis of the humerus and the line perpendicular to a line that connected the anterior and posterior margin of the lesion. The inclination angle in each group was compared and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean inclination angle was 57.6° ± 10.7° in baseball players and 28.0° ± 10.7° in gymnasts. Capitellar OCD lesions were located more anterior in baseball players when compared with gymnasts ( P < .01). Conclusion: Due to differences in applied stress, capitellar OCD lesions in baseball players were located more anteriorly compared with those seen in gymnasts. Therefore, although AP radiographs with the elbow in 45° of flexion are optimal for detecting OCD lesions in baseball players, radiographs with less elbow flexion or full extension are more useful in gymnasts, especially in early-stage OCD.
Impact of a combined multimodal-aerobic and multimodal intervention compared to standard aerobic treatment in breast cancer survivors with chronic cancer-related fatigue - results of a three-armed pragmatic trial in a comprehensive cohort design
Authors:   On behalf of the CRF-2 study group, Kröz Matthias , Reif Marcus , Glinz Augustina , Berger Bettina , Nikolaou Andreas , Zerm Roland , Brinkhaus Benno , Girke Matthias , Büssing Arndt , Gutenbrunner Christoph 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and insomnia are major complaints in breast cancer survivors (BC). Aerobic training (AT), the standard therapy for CRF in BC, shows only minor to moderate treatment effects. Other evidence-based treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, e.g., sleep education/restriction (SE) and mindfulness-based therapies. We investigated the effectiveness of a 10-week multimodal program (MT) consisting of SE, psycho-education, eurythmy- and painting-therapy, administered separately or in combination with AT (CT) and compared both arms to AT alone.

Methods
In a pragmatic comprehensive cohort study BC with chronic CRF were allocated randomly or by patient preference to (a) MT, (b) CT (MT + AT) or (c) AT alone. Primary endpoint was a composite score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Cancer Fatigue Scale after 10 weeks of intervention (T1); a second endpoint was a follow-up assessment 6 months later (T2). The primary hypothesis stated superiority of CT and non-inferiority of MT vs. AT at T1. A closed testing procedure preserved the global α-level. The intention-to-treat analysis included propensity scores for the mode of allocation and for the preferred treatment, respectively.

Results
Altogether 126 BC were recruited: 65 were randomized and 61 allocated by preference; 105 started the intervention. Socio-demographic parameters were generally balanced at baseline. Non-inferiority of MT to AT at T1 was confirmed (p < 0.05), yet the confirmative analysis stopped as it was not possible to confirm superiority of CT vs. AT (p = 0.119). In consecutive exploratory analyses MT and CT were superior to AT at T1 and T2 (MT) or T2 alone (CT), respectively.

Conclusions
The multimodal CRF-therapy was found to be confirmatively non-inferior to standard therapy and even yielded exploratively sustained superiority. A randomized controlled trial including a larger sample size and a longer follow-up to evaluate multimodal CRF-therapy is highly warranted.

Trial register
DRKS-ID: DRKS00003736. Recruitment period June 2011 to March 2013. Date of registering 19 June 2012.
Microglia-driven regulation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, myelination, and remyelination
Authors: Miron Veronique E 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS and members of the innate immune system. As such, they serve important functions in surveillance for indicators of damage and subsequent initiation of an inflammatory response. Although often implicated in neural damage, recent studies have also suggested beneficial roles of activated microglia and inflammation in developmental and regenerative processes in the CNS. These include regulating events leading to the generation and regeneration of myelin, the insulation surrounding nerve fibers which is critical for nerve health and function. This critical review discusses the evidence for the supportive role of microglia in these processes and the cellular and molecular components involved.
Rock-physics transforms and scale of investigation
Authors: Dvorkin Jack , Wollner Uri 
Published: March 2017

Rock-physics “velocity-porosity” transforms are usually established on sets of laboratory and/or well data with the latter data source being dominant in recent practice. The purpose of establishing such transforms is to (1) conduct forward modeling of the seismic response for various geologically plausible “what if” scenarios in the subsurface and (2) interpret seismic data for petrophysical properties and conditions, such as porosity, clay content, and pore fluid. Because the scale of investigation in the well is considerably smaller than that in reflection seismology, an important question is whether the rock-physics model established in the well can be used at the seismic scale. We use synthetic examples and well data to show that a rock-physics model established at the well approximately holds at the seismic scale, suggest a reason for this scale independence, and explore where it may be violated. The same question can be addressed as an inverse problem: Assume that we have a rock-physics transform and know that it works at the scale of investigation at which the elastic properties are seismically measured. What are the upscaled (smeared) petrophysical properties and conditions that these elastic properties point to? It appears that they are approximately the arithmetically volume-averaged porosity and clay content (in a simple quartz/clay setting) and are close to the arithmetically volume-averaged bulk modulus of the pore fluid (rather than averaged saturation).
Debating Data Science
Authors: Beaton Brian , Acker Amelia , Di Monte Lauren , Setlur Shivrang , Sutherland Tonia , Tracy Sarah E. 
Published: March 2017

Students and scholars working at the intersections of history and science and technology studies (STS) have an unexpected opportunity when it comes to the growing profession of data science: the chance not only to document but also to actively shape a “new” scientific profession, one that seems intent to scale up swiftly and determined to claim considerable global influence. Of course, charting origins and tracing the early histories of scientific and technical professions is an enduring tradition within STS-informed studies. Examples include landmark works such as the 1960s research on the origins of psychology by Joseph Ben-David and Randall Collins or, to offer more recent examples, Nathan Ensmenger's work on the cultural politics of early computer experts and Katie Shilton's on Internet architecture engineering teams. In this sense, for those working at the intersection of history and STS to concern themselves with the origins of a scientific field, and with the early stages of a scientific profession, is hardly groundbreaking.This roundtable, organized for the 2015 and 2016 meetings of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), attempted something new: to move beyond professional genealogies and traditions in order to try and critically apprehend the self-proclaimed “new” science of data, which has strong ties to what some might call “scientific entrepreneurship” and which, as part of its self-fashioning, claims to render obsolete many older, established research methods from other scientific fields and disciplines. In the following edited transcription of this roundtable discussion, Brian Beaton and his collaborators endeavor to historicize and trace data science as a social formation and political ideology by identifying some of the expert fields that the “new” data science has threatened to supplement or replace. In doing so, they lay the groundwork for a much larger and decidedly interventionist research agenda that probes recent data science initiatives, including their transnational implications, by drawing connections between practices of data science and the numerous critical bodies of literature on data and society that currently proliferate.
WAYS OF INTERACTION OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Хаустов Владимир , Khaustov Vladimir 
Published: March 2017

The article is devoted to the development of higher education system in the interests of modernization of the country&#180;s economy.
The author considers the negative trends affecting the development of the national economy, in particular, unfavorable demographic situation, labour aging.
The article shows a well-established model of the educational process, which cannot be used without change in these circumstances. The author presents the renovated model and technology of the learning process of higher education experts, which should be action-oriented and remain professional, and analyzes the necessary conditions for the implementation of the proposed model.
An important feature of training in the intensive growth of the economy should be the cooperation of the teaching staff of educational institutions with technical staff, experts of enterprises and organizations - consumers of prepared graduates.
Today employers&#180; requirements to future specialists are increasing. This makes it necessary to improve the quality of interaction between educational institutions and industrial organizations. The author recommends to extend the information communications of educational institutions with interacting companies and organizations, and offers some ways to improve the quality of training specialist through direct interaction with employers and changes in the system of relations between teacher and student.
Mission as a Basis for Creating Corporate Culture at the Far Eastern Federal University
Authors: Мельникова  , Melnikova Marina , Анисимова  , Anisimova Galina , Палагутина  , Palagutina N. , Дроздова  , Drozdova Ekaterina 
Published: March 2017

In the late twentieth century a new concept of corporate culture emerged in the field of management theory, while practical studies of organizational performance
has found, that success is directly related to creating appropriate corporate culture. As for this country, attention to corporate culture has been driven
mostly by overall change in value system, taken place at the societal level, at the government level and at the level of individual organizations as well. Nurturing
corporate culture within each higher educational institution has become urgent, due to crucial changes in the educational activities as s whole. Two factors,
crucial to the success of a higher educational institution, are abilities to integrate all its internal resources and to adapt to its external environment. To become
profitable and competitive, a higher educational institution should develop such key abilities, as flexibility and readiness to change itself. The major role of
mission in the process of corporate culture shaping and nurturing, as well as functions, required for specific goals of a higher educational institution to be
achieved, are considered in this paper as exemplified by the case of the Far Eastern Federal University. Objective hardships and problems, hampering the process
of developing such unique body, as the Far-Eastern Scientific and Educational Center, are also highlighted.
Problems in managing on trust management
Authors: Мороз Максим , Moroz Maksim 
Published: March 2017

In today&#180;s economic environment increases the need to
integrate into Russian legislation some features of regulating relations
on trust management, available in foreign legal systems. From this
position the author estimates the need for changes in the legislative
regulation of trust agreements in the Russian legislation. The author
proposes corrections to Chapter 53 of the Civil Code of the Russian
Federation, which should reduce the number of claims related to
the trust agreements.
Sexual Initiation Patterns of U.S. Sexual Minority Youth: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Goldberg Shoshana K. , Halpern Carolyn T. 
Published: March 2017

CONTEXTThe typical understanding of sexual debut as first vaginal intercourse is often irrelevant to sexual minority youth. Better understanding of sexual initiation patterns among these youth is necessary to inform efforts to safeguard their sexual and reproductive health.METHODSEarly sexual experiences were examined among 1,628 female and 526 male sexual minority participants in Waves 1 (1994–1995) and 4 (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent class analyses identified initiation patterns distinguished by the timing, sequence and spacing of first experiences of sexual behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed correlates of various patterns.RESULTSInitiation classes for females were categorized as typical debut (representing 41% of the sample, characterized by vaginal intercourse and short spacing between first two behaviors); dual behavior debut (35%, characterized by vaginal and oral sex in the same year); early sexual debut (17%, characterized by average debut at 13, vaginal intercourse, and anal sex before 18); and delayed debut with oral sex (6%). Male classes were single behavior (50%, characterized by oral sex and longer spacing); multiple behavior (32%, characterized by vaginal and oral sex); early anal sex (11%, characterized by anal intercourse before 18); and very early debut (6%, characterized by oral sex and average debut at 10). Class membership was associated with socioeconomic status for females; age and sexual victimization for males; and race, ethnicity and religiosity for both.CONCLUSIONSInitiation patterns of sexual minority youth differ between genders and involve noncoital behaviors and characteristics beyond timing.
DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT IN PYROLYTIC TARS USING COULOMETRIC KARL-FISHER TITRATION
Authors: Jílková Lenka , Hlinčík Tomáš , Ciahotný Karel 
Published: March 2017

The liquid organic fraction of pyrolytic tar has a high energy value which makes possible its utilization as an energy source. However, before utilization, it is crucial to remove water from the liquid fraction. The presence of water reduces the energy value of pyrolytic tars. Water separation from the organic tar fraction is a complex process, since an emulsion can be readily formed. Therefore, after phase separation, it is important to know the residual water content in the organic phase and whether it is necessary to further dry it. The results presented in this manuscript focus on a water determination in liquid products from coal and biomass pyrolysis by a coulometric Karl‑Fischer titration. The Coulometric Karl‑Fischer titration is often used for a water content determination in gaseous, liquid and solid samples. However, to date, this titration method has not been used for a water determination in tars. A new water determination method, which has been tested on different types of tar, has been developed. The Coulometric Karl‑Fischer titration is suitable for tar samples with a water content not greater than 5 wt. %. The obtained experimental results indicate that the new introduced method can be used with a very good repeatability for a water content determination in tars.
Echinochrome pigment attenuates diabetic nephropathy in the models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Soliman Amel Mahmoud , Mohamed Ayman Saber , Marie Mohamed-Assem Said 
Published: March 2017

Background. The main complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy in both types, which is a main reason for renal failure. Echinochrome substance present in sea urchin shells and spines and possesses high antioxidant activity.Aim. is to evaluate the ability of Ech to suppress the progression of diabetic complication in kidney.Materials and methods. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into two main groups, type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both groups divided into control, diabetic and echinochrome subgroups. Type 1 diabetes was induced by single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p), while type 2 was induced by high fat diet for 4 weeks before the injection with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, i.p). The treated groups were administrated by echinochrome (1mg/kg body weight in 10% DMSO) daily for 4 weeks.Results. Echinochrome groups showed reduction in the concentrations of glucose, malondialdehyde, urea, uric acid and creatinine. While it caused general increase in glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reduced, nitric oxide and creatinine clearance. The histopathological investigation showed clear improvement in the kidney architecture.Conclusion. Administration of echinochrome improves renal function and ameliorates renal histopathological changes possibly by improvement of glucose metabolism and inhibition of lipid peroxidation process.
Assessing routine healthcare pattern for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Russia: the results of рharmacoepidemiological study (FORSIGHT-DM2)
Authors: Dedov Ivan I. , Kalashnikova Marina F. , Belousov Dmitriy Y. , Rafalskiy Vladimir V. , Kalashnikov Victor Y. , Kolbin Aleksey S. , Yazykova Diana R. , Ivanenko Leonid R. 
Published: March 2017

Rationale. The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) allows researchers to conduct observational multicentre studies and obtain objective information about the epidemiology of diabetes and its complications and evaluate the efficacy of different therapies and diagnostic strategies designed to identify systemic vascular complications.Aims. To analyse epidemiological and socio-demographic parameters, the quality of glycaemic control, diagnostic monitoring and therapeutic measures typical among patients with T2DM living in Russian towns of different populations.Materials and methods. FORSIGHT-DM2 is an all-Russian multicentre observational epidemiological study that involves 2014 patients with T2DM from 45 different towns in the Russian Federation (RF). All patients have had T2DM for at least 1 year. They received glucose-lowering therapy and primary medical care from RF public outpatient health institutions between 01.01.2014 and 31.12.2014. For comparative analysis of the typical treatment for patients with T2DM, we stratified patients into groups based on the number of residents.Results. The data reveal a lack of glycaemic control (average НbА1с 7.9% ± 1.9%), with НbА1с 8% in 36% of patients. The frequency of T2DM complications was high and the prevalence of retinopathy was 63.2%, nephropathy was 34.4% (7.8% had chronic kidney disease G3a-G5), peripheral polyneuropathy was 63.3%, ‘diabetic foot’ syndrome was 13.7% and osteoarthropathy was 5%. The number of T2DM-related complications is correlated with the HbA1c level and disease duration. Moreover, simultaneous influence of these factors led to a significant increase in the number of chronic complications associated with T2DM (r = 0.338 for T2DM duration, r = 0.262 for HbA1c; р 0.001). Despite the high frequency of patient consultations with endocrinologists (83%) and a large percentage of hospitalisations in the current year (46%), the screening of chronic complications of T2DM in 2014 is insufficient.Conclusion. The results indicate insufficient glycaemic control among patients with T2DM and a higher prevalence of chronic complications compared with the national register of diabetic patients.
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA MELALUI BUDAYA DEMOKRASI
Authors: Wilujeng Sri Rahayu 
Published: March 2017

Abstract Democracy is the old issue has been discussed for long time anthusiasly. This idea of democracy appeared in Greek about two thousand and five hundred years ago. Now day implementation of democracy keep going on developed to get the best performance. The Indonesian Constitution stated. Democracy as a system in running government. Thus, consequently of this choice it must be applied imperatively. In fact, there are many problems appeared caused by implementation of democracy. It may not be comprehended as a political system. Basically this system arranges so many interests in society such as state and citizens. Thus such a system must be help by a supporting culture. That is democratic culture. This writing tries to descript what kind a culture have to develop in Indonesia. This culture is bear on a mental and moral attitude. It bases on Pancasila as a philosophy of Indonesia. It doesn’t only caused democracy running well, but it also guards democracy don’t losing its essence. Finally, democracy gives advantages for people as the owner of sovereignty. Keywords: democracy, culture, Pancasila