bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The detrimental impact of persistent vs an isolated occurrence of de novo donor‐specific antibodies on intermediate‐term renal transplant outcomes
Authors: Loucks‐DeVos Jennifer M. , Eagar Todd N. , Gaber A. Osama , Patel Samir J. , Teeter Larry D. , Graviss Edward A. , Knight Richard J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundDe novo donor‐specific antibodies (dnDSA) after renal transplant are associated with acute rejection (AR) and graft loss, yet most recipients with dnDSA have stable function and no AR. We assessed whether the persistence of dnDSA increased the risk of a detrimental outcome.MethodsA single‐center review of renal transplant recipients monitored for dnDSA at multiple time points post‐transplant. An Isolated dnDSA was defined as one positive dnDSA and no additional positive tests, whereas ≥2 positive dnDSA was defined as persistent dnDSA.ResultsOf 708 recipients, 22% developed dnDSA, of whom 64% had persistent dnDSA. At median follow‐up of 35 (range 12‐74) months, there were fewer episodes of AR in the isolated dnDSA vs the persistent dnDSA group (2% vs 22%; P<.001,) and fewer graft losses with isolated dnDSA vs persistent dnDSA (0% vs 10%; P=.03). Within the persistent dnDSA group, recipients with dnDSA ≥60% of time points, had more AR (32% vs 16%, P=.10) and more graft losses (21% vs 2%; P=.003) than those with dnDSA<60%.ConclusionsPersistence of dnDSA resulted in more AR and graft failure than a single positive value. Recipients with longer duration of dnDSA persistence had an additional increased risk of AR and graft failure.
The Journey of an Ancestral Seed: The Case of the Lupino Paisano Food Network in Cotopaxi, Ecuador
Authors: Martínez‐Flores Alexandra , Ruivenkamp Guido , Jongerden Joost 
Published: June 2017

Abstract“Lupino paisano” refers not only to an Andean seed (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet), but also to a nature‐culture food network. We argue that this network is based not on a modern ontology separating culture and nature but on what we refer to as a “rhizomatic association of actants.” Informed by Bruno Latour's actor network theory (ANT) and Tim Ingold's relational model of thinking, we follow the seed's path from the highland community of Guayama San Pedro (place of production) to the valleys of Cotopaxi (places of processing and consumption) and its subsequent return to the Guayama San Pedro, analyzing this as a series of actant transitions. We conclude that the lupino paisano network comprises a group of entities and the dynamic relationships among them; it is not centrally organized or an “organizing memory.” The geographies, the actants, and their relationships are defined during the work processes and dependent on the translation processes generated.
Race, Status, and Biodiversity: The Social Climbing of Quinoa
Authors: Andrews Deborah 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the scientific and local knowledge of biodiversity of quinoa in Peru and its association with racialized classification schemes—both for humans and for plants. While race is purportedly used as a classificatory tool, it has a deep history of negative discrimination that transcends application to people and has been applied to other species associated with racialized humans. This article reports compiled data on the nomenclature of quinoa varietals from Andean farmers from the altiplano in Puno, Peru. This research demonstrates that domesticated plants that have deep connections to human diversity and traditional cultures can be racialized. These plants are also critical to the maintenance of biological diversity.
“Show Farmers”: Transformation and Performance in Telangana, India
Authors: Flachs Andrew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, I describe a paradoxical but necessary creation of the development apparatus: the “show farmer” (Stone 2014). Various corporate, state, and NGO development projects call upon show farmers to demonstrate the viability of alternative agriculture for visiting funders, scientists, media, and growers. As village gatekeepers, show farmers cultivate local celebrity and publicize a model not just for their community but for the sustainability of agricultural development interventions in the global South generally. This transformation is, however, contingent—when the incentives, ranging from farming infrastructure to social recognition, dry up, show farmers may abandon the stage and development interventions can fail. In addition to qualitative ethnography and interviews, this article draws on 12 months of seed choice and household demographic surveys conducted 2012–2014 among 104 organic cotton farmers in the Warangal and Asifabad districts of Telangana, India. To better understand how alternative agriculture interventions are affecting rural life and how farmers create new avenues for agricultural success through the development apparatus, anthropologists must pay more attention to this crucial but underexplored character.
Losing Labor: Coffee, Migration, and Economic Change in Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Griffith David , Zamudio Grave Patricia , Cortés Viveros Rosalba , Cabrera Cabrera Jerónimo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBased on research in four communities in Veracruz, Mexico, this article traces the cultural biography of economic change from an economy based primarily on coffee production to one based on migration, bamboo furniture manufacturing, and other livelihoods. In line with other studies, the declining importance of coffee in peasant livelihoods came about with the withdrawal of state support and neoliberal policies that encouraged a shift from quality to quantity production of coffee. Labor scarcity also played a role, however, as families dealt with falling coffee incomes by migrating to wage labor jobs in Mexico and the United States (U.S.). Our work suggests that changing global labor markets, combined with labor scarcities in Mexican communities, are as important to consider in economic change as the more common explanations of state agricultural policy and neoliberalism.
The Fate of an Old Water System in the New Era of Climate Change and Market Imperatives in Southwest China
Authors: Hill Ann Maxwell , Zhuang Kelin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn studies of contemporary changes to natural environments in China, ethnic groups in the nation's southwest are often used to demonstrate that earlier indigenous ideologies and institutions responsible for the harmonious relationships between human communities and their natural resources have now been swept away by government policies, market forces, new technologies, and most recently, climate change. In our study, we ask how a water system, in use for several centuries in a village of the Bai nationality, has been affected by these new factors. Our expectation was that the old water system would be disrupted or in decline as a result of the changes accompanying economic development and long‐term drying trends in this part of China. We found, instead, that the old system is still structurally intact and the community continues to access it for farming and everyday household use. Based on an interdisciplinary approach combining ethnographic fieldwork and local geomorphological data, this article identifies some of the factors responsible for the longevity of the local water system.
Refining the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Patient‐Reported Outcome (PEDI‐PRO) item candidates: interpretation of a self‐reported outcome measure of functional performance by young people with neurodevelopmental disabilities
Authors: Kramer Jessica M , Schwartz Ariel 
Published: June 2017

AimThis study examined the item interpretability and rating scale use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Patient‐Reported Outcome (PEDI‐PRO) by young people with developmental disabilities. The PEDI‐PRO assesses the functional performance of discrete functional tasks in the context of everyday life situations.MethodA two‐phase cognitive interview design was implemented with a convenience sample of 37 young people (mean age 19y, SD 2y 5mo; 13 males and 24 females; 68% with intellectual disability) with developmental disabilities. In phase I, 182 item candidates were each reviewed by an average of four young people. In phase II, 103 items were carried forward or revised and each reviewed by an average of seven additional young people. Two raters coded responses for intended item interpretation and performance quality; codes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative analysis explored young people's self‐evaluation process.ResultsItems were interpreted as intended by most young people (mean 86%). Young people can use PEDI‐PRO response categories appropriately to describe their performance: 94% of positive performance descriptions coincided with a positive response category choice; 73% of negative descriptions coincided with a negative response category choice. Young people interpreted items in a literal manner, and their self‐evaluation incorporated the use of supports that facilitate functional performance.InterpretationThe PEDI‐PRO's measurement framework appears to support the self‐evaluation of functional performance of young people with developmental disabilities.
Severe hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes requiring emergency hospital admission: The Hypoglycaemia In Portugal Observational Study–Emergency Room (HIPOS–ER)
Authors: Conceição João , Dores Jorge , Araújo Francisco , Laires Pedro A. , Carr Richard D. , Brodovicz Kimberly , Radican Larry , Nogueira Ana M. 
Published: June 2017

AimsTo analyse the prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated with antihyperglycaemic agents (AHA) and requiring emergency room (ER) assistance, and to analyse the prevalence according to type of AHA therapy.MethodsThe present study, the Hypoglycaemia In Portugal Observational Study–Emergency Room (HIPOS–ER), was a cross‐sectional, observational, multicentre, nationwide study, with specific hypoglycaemia source data collection.ResultsWithin the study period, a total of 425 706 admissions were recorded in the ERs of participating hospitals. The prevalence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes in patients with T2DM was 0.074%. In all, 238 patients were included, more than half of whom were on insulin‐based therapy (55.0%) and a third of whom (31.5%) were on oral secretagogue‐based therapy. In 61.2% of patients primary care was the main diabetes care setting. The median patient age was 77.5 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 19 years. Missing a meal or low carbohydrate meal content was the most frequent cause of hypoglycaemia (55.9%) and the most frequent triggers for seeking emergency assistance were pre‐syncope (19.2%) and transient loss of consciousness (17.4%). A total of 44.1% of patients were hospitalized for a median of 5.1 days. Patients in the secretagogue group were admitted to hospital more often than patients in the insulin group (70.7% vs 29.0%; P < .001). Nine patients died.ConclusionsThese findings confirm that severe hypoglycaemia in patients with T2DM requiring ER assistance occurs mainly in those on insulin‐ and secretagogue‐based therapies and is associated with a significant medical burden. Antidiabetic therapy should be individualized to minimize the risk of severe iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, and any intervention to this end should always involve primary care stakeholders.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Patterns Among Patients Diagnosed With Cluster Headache in U.S. Healthcare Claims Data
Authors: Choong Casey K. , Ford Janet H. , Nyhuis Allen W. , Joshi Shivang G. , Robinson Rebecca L. , Aurora Sheena K. , Martinez James M. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo characterize demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns of patients with cluster headache (CH).BackgroundCH is an uncommon trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia with limited evidence‐based treatment options. Patients suffer from extremely painful unilateral headache attacks and autonomic symptoms with episodic and chronic cycles.Design/MethodsThis retrospective analysis used insurance claims from Truven Health Analytics MarketScan® research databases from 2009 to 2014. Two cohorts were compared: CH patients (with ≥2 CH claims) were propensity score matched with 4 non‐headache controls, all with continuous enrollment for 12 months before and after the date of first CH claim or matched period among controls.ResultsCH patients (N = 7589) were mainly male (57.4%) and 35‐64 years old (73.2%), with significantly more claims for comorbid conditions vs controls (N = 30,341), including depressive disorders (19.8% vs 10.0%), sleep disturbances (19.7% vs 9.1%), anxiety disorders (19.2% vs 8.7%), and tobacco use disorders (12.8% vs 5.3%), with 2.5 times greater odds of suicidal ideation (all P < .0001). Odds of drug dependence were 3‐fold greater among CH patients (OR = 2.8 [95% CI 2.3‐3.4, P < .0001]). CH patients reported significantly greater use of prescription medications compared with controls; 25% of CH patients had >12 unique prescription drug claims. Most commonly prescribed drug classes for CH patients included: opiate agonists (41%), corticosteroids (34%), 5HT‐1 agonists (32%), antidepressants (31%), NSAIDs (29%), anticonvulsants (28%), calcium antagonists (27%), and benzodiazepines (22%). Only 30.4% of CH patients received recognized CH treatments without opioids during the 12‐month post‐index period. These patients were less likely to visit emergency departments or need hospitalizations (26.8%) as compared to CH patients with no pharmacy claims for recognized CH treatments or opioids (33.6%; P < .0001).ConclusionsThe burden of CH is associated with significant co‐morbidity, including substance use disorders and suicidal ideation, and treatment patterns indicating low use of recognized CH treatments.
ZBTB16 is a sensitive and specific marker in detection of metastatic and extragonadal yolk sac tumour
Authors: Xiao Guang‐Qian , Priemer David S , Wei Christina , Aron Manju , Yang Qi , Idrees Muhammad T 
Published: June 2017

AimsAccurate histological diagnosis and classification of germ cell tumours (GCTs) is key to informing successful therapeutic and surveillance strategy. The modern therapeutic approach for yolk sac tumour (YST) is highly curative. Because YST takes on a large morphological spectrum, it can be confused for other GCT subtypes as well as somatic carcinomas, particularly when YST presents in an extragonadal or a metastatic setting. Currently available immunohistochemical markers are limited by suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. We reported recently that ZBTB16 is a sensitive and specific marker for testicular YST. ZBTB16 is absent in other GCTs and in most common somatic carcinomas, including those of gastrointestinal, pancreatobillary, respiratory, genitourinary and gynaecological tracts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic utility of ZBTB16 in the settings of metastatic and extragonadal YST.Methods and resultsWe studied 32 archived metastatic and four extragonadal primary YSTs as well as 51 somatic malignancies for their immunohistochemical expression of ZBTB16. For comparison, α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and glypican‐3 were also studied in parallel. Our results demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 91.6% for ZBTB16 in detecting metastatic and extragonadal YSTs. The non‐YST elements (teratoma and embryonal carcinoma) in 15 YST‐containing metastatic mixed GCTs were non‐reactive. With the exception of occasional myoepithelial cells of salivary gland carcinoma, all the 51 somatic malignancies were negative for ZBTB16.ConclusionsZBTB16 is a sensitive and specific marker for YST and is diagnostically superior to AFP and glypican‐3 in metastatic and extragonadal settings.
Demographic consequences of nestbox use for Red‐footed FalconsFalco vespertinusin Central Asia
Authors: Bragin Evgeny A. , Bragin Alexander E. , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: June 2017

Nestbox programmes are frequently implemented for the conservation of cavity‐nesting birds, but their effectiveness is rarely evaluated in comparison with birds not using nestboxes. In the European Palaearctic, Red‐footed FalconFalco vespertinuspopulations are both of high conservation concern and are strongly associated with nestbox programmes in heavily managed landscapes. We used a 21‐year monitoring dataset collected on 753 nesting attempts by Red‐footed Falcons in unmanaged natural or semi‐natural habitats to provide basic information on this poorly known species; to evaluate long‐term demographic trends within this population; and to evaluate response of demographic parameters of Red‐footed Falcons to environmental factors including use of nestboxes. We observed significant differences among years in laying date, offspring loss and numbers of fledglings produced, but not in egg production. Of these four parameters, offspring loss and, to a lesser extent, number of fledglings exhibited directional trends over time. Variation in laying date and in numbers of eggs were not well explained by any one model of environmental factors, but instead by combinations of models, each with informative terms for nest type. Nevertheless, laying in nestboxes occurred 2.10 ± 0.70 days earlier than in natural nests. In contrast, variation in both offspring loss and numbers of fledglings produced were fairly well explained by a single model including terms for nest type, nest location and an interaction between the two parameters (65 and 81% model weights, respectively), with highest offspring loss in nestboxes on forest edges. Because, for other species, earlier laying dates are associated with more fit individuals, this interaction highlighted a possible ecological trap, whereby birds using nestboxes on forest edges lay eggs earlier but suffer greater offspring loss and produce lower numbers of fledglings than do those in other nesting settings. If nestboxes increase offspring loss for Red‐footed Falcons in heavily managed landscapes where populations are at greater risk, or for the many other species of rare or endangered birds supported by nestbox programmes, these processes could have important demographic and conservation consequences.
Specialised generalists? Food web structure of a tropical tachinid‐caterpillar community
Authors: Stireman John O. , Dyer Lee A. , Greeney Harold F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMost insect species remain unknown and for most described species, we know nothing about their ecology and interactions. Understanding the structure of species interaction webs can provide insight into geographic patterns and ecological drivers of diversity, the stability of communities, and energy flow through ecological systems.We analysed a tachinid parasitoid‐caterpillar food web from the Ecuadorian Andes based on >70 000 caterpillar collections. Our goals were to assess how host taxon and feeding niche affects parasitism by flies and wasps, evaluate perceptions of broad diet breadth in tachinids, characterise the structure of the food web, and assess how sample size affects inferences about community structure.We found high levels of parasitism (>28%) by tachinid and wasp parasitoids and a rich tachinid community (279 spp.). Concealed caterpillars experienced low parasitism by tachinids and were more likely to be attacked by species with indirect oviposition. Indirect ovipositing tachinids had greater host ranges, but this is confounded with tachinid phylogeny. Caterpillar families exhibited nearly opposite patterns of susceptibility to parasitism by tachinids and wasps. Network metrics indicate that this tachinid‐host community is relatively compartmentalised and nested, and though some taxa display broad host ranges, the network as a whole is moderately specialised due to constrained host ranges of many tachinid species.This study establishes an exemplar tropical tachinid‐host food web, providing insight into the diversity and interactions of these important parasitoids. Additional studies are needed to determine how these interactions vary across environmental and geographic gradients.
Remittances and Calorie Consumption Nexus in Algeria
Authors: Akçay Selçuk , Karasoy Alper 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the cointegration and causal relationships between remittances and calorie consumption as an indicator of food security in Algeria. We estimate the calorie demand function for the period 1970‐2008, using two different cointegration tests Johansen and Juselius () and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach proposed by Pesaran et al. () and Granger causality test based on Vector Error Correction Model. We find that: (1) GDP per capita affects calorie consumption positively and significantly; (2) income elasticity of calorie consumption is 0.16 in the short run and 0.60 in the long run; (3) remittances positively and significantly influence calorie consumption in the long run; (4) remittance elasticity of calorie consumption is 0.05 in the long run; (5) based on the causality test remittances influence calorie consumption directly and indirectly via GDP per capita in the long run.
Structure and properties of clay ceramics for thermal energy storage
Authors: Nigay Pierre‐Marie , Nzihou Ange , White Claire E. , Soboyejo Winston O. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the structure‐property relationships of a clay ceramic with organic additives (biomass and biochar) are investigated to develop an alternative material for thermal energy storage. The firing transformations were elucidated using X‐ray pair distribution function analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the biomass increased the porosity, which resulted in a decrease of the specific heat capacity. On the other hand, the biochar remained in the clay ceramic without any interaction with the clay matrix up to 950°C. The specific heat capacity of the clay ceramic increased from 1.20 to 1.49 kJ/kg·K for a 30 wt% addition of biochar. The clay ceramic with a 30 wt% addition of biochar also conserved a high flexural strength of 11.1 MPa compared to that of the clay ceramic without organic additives (i.e., 18.9 MPa). Furthermore, the flexural strength only decreased by 23% after 100 thermal cycles. The crack growth associated with the thermal fatigue was limited by crack bridging and crack trapping. Hence, the current results suggest that clay/biochar ceramics can be as efficient as molten salts in thermal energy storage with the added benefit of an ease of use in the physical form of bricks.
Effect of A‐ or B‐site doping of perovskite calcium manganite on structure, resistivity, and thermoelectric properties
Authors: Mishra Avinna , Bhattacharjee Sarama 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBismuth‐, lanthanum‐, and molybdenum‐doped calcium manganite (CaMnO3, abbreviated Mn113) are synthesized by solid‐state synthesis route from their respective oxide precursors at a same doping level (x=0.05). Depending on the ionic sizes, trivalent dopants (Bi3+ and La3+) replace Ca2+(A site), while penta/hexavalent dopant Mo5+/Mo6+ replaces Mn4+ (B site) in the Mn113 structure. XRD of all three doped samples confirm formation of single phase. In all three samples, doping causes unit cell volume to expand, while volume expansion is maximum for the Mo‐Mn113. The transport behavior of the doped samples follows small polaron hopping mechanism. Resistivity of the doped samples depends not only on the carrier concentration but also on the effective bandwidth determined by the structural distortion introduced by the dopant ions. Bi‐Mn113 has highest resistivity at the both temperature end, while La‐Mn113 has the lowest. Thermopower is determined by the carrier concentration only and does not depend on dopant type, having value ~260 μV/K at 1000 K. At high (>800 K), S reaches a saturation value and becomes independent of T. La‐Mn113 is having highest figure of merit (zT) 0.19 at 1000 K.