bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of adding nanoparticle on squeezing flow and heat transfer improvement using KKL model
Authors: Sheikholeslami M. , Ganji D.D. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Nanofluid flow which is squeezed between parallel plates is studied using differential transformation method (DTM). The fluid in the enclosure is water containing different types of nanoparticles: Al2O3 and CuO. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) correlation. The comparison between the results from DTM and numerical method are in well agreement which proofs the capability of this method for solving such problems. Effects of the squeeze number and nanofluid volume fraction on flow and heat transfer are examined. Results indicate that Nusselt number augment with increase of the nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, it can be found that heat transfer enhancement of CuO is higher than Al2O3.

Design/methodology/approach
The problem of nanofluid flow which is squeezed between parallel plates is investigated analytically using DTM. The fluid in the enclosure is water containing different types of nanoparticles: Al2O3 and CuO. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by KKL correlation. In this model, effect of Brownian motion on the effective thermal conductivity is considered. The comparison between the results from DTM and numerical method are in well agreement which proves the capability of this method for solving such problems. The effect of the squeeze number and the nanofluid volume fraction on flow and heat transfer is investigated. The results show that Nusselt number increase with increase of the nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, it can be found that heat transfer enhancement of CuO is higher than Al2O3.

Findings
The effect of the squeeze number and the nanofluid volume fraction on flow and heat transfer is investigated. The results show that Nusselt number increase with increase of the nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, it can be found that heat transfer enhancement of CuO is higher than Al2O3.

Originality/value
This paper is original.
Reduced order modelling for efficient numerical optimisation of a hot-wall chemical vapour deposition reactor
Authors: Borzacchiello Domenico , Aguado Jose Vicente , Chinesta Francisco 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a reduced order computational strategy for a multi-physics simulation involving a fluid flow, electromagnetism and heat transfer in a hot-wall chemical vapour deposition reactor. The main goal is to produce a multi-parametric solution for fast exploration of the design space to perform numerical prototyping and process optimisation.Design/methodology/approachDifferent reduced order techniques are applied. In particular, proper generalized decomposition is used to solve the parameterised heat transfer equation in a five-dimensional space.FindingsThe solution of the state problem is provided in a compact separated-variable format allowing a fast evaluation of the process-specific quantities of interest that are involved in the optimisation algorithm. This is completely decoupled from the solution of the underlying state problem. Therefore, once the whole parameterised solution is known, the evaluation of the objective function is done on-the-fly.Originality/valueReduced order modelling is applied to solve a multi-parametric multi-physics problem and generate a fast estimator needed for preliminary process optimisation. Different order reduction techniques are combined to treat the flow, heat transfer and electromagnetism problems in the framework of separated-variable representations.
Conceptualizing virtual communities as enablers of community-based entrepreneurship and resilience
Authors: Sankaran K. , Demangeot Catherine 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of virtual communities in enabling community-based entrepreneurship and resilience. Resilience is an important attribute for a community to overcome adverse circumstances it may face.

Design/methodology/approach
Weaving together diverse strands of scholarship, the authors show how virtual communities centered around specific interests (Obst et al., 2002) can endow geographic communities with resilience.

Findings
The paper establishes the desirability of resilience in contemporary communities, which can be enhanced through internet-mediated entrepreneurship. Five specific phenomena are identified as facilitating the emergence of community-based entrepreneurship through membership in virtual communities. Community-based entrepreneurship can augment or even replace institutional support that has until recently been considered by policy makers as the only means of addressing resilience issues, especially in disadvantaged communities.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is conceptual in nature; the conceptualization provides a rich opportunity to empirically validate the argumentation advanced here.

Social implications
This research points to major policy implications, as internet-enabled, community-based entrepreneurship may be an important key to overcome many of the adverse circumstances faced by communities the world over, such as climate change, terrorism and paucity of funds for social action.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the literature on community-based entrepreneurship by developing the notion of internet-enabled community resilience, showing how internet-enabled communities can prompt entrepreneurial behavior and result in the enhanced resilience of geographic communities.
Management under uncertainty – the unavoidable risk-taking
Authors: Vahlne Jan-Erik , Hamberg Mattias , Schweizer Roger 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Accentuating the concept of management under uncertainty in the Uppsala internationalization process model, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model for describing how managers act while keeping uncertainty at an acceptable level.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors perform two empirical studies to underpin the model they construct. First, a survey of 309 chief executive officers and chief financial officers in large, publicly listed international firms in the Nordic region on managerial risk perceptions and, second, a case study of Volvo Car Corporation and its endeavors when developing new car models for the Chinese market on a new platform – a process characterized by unprecedented uncertainty.

Findings
The proposed model describing managers’ behavior under uncertainty contains elements such as adjusting/proceeding in small steps, reducing uncertainty via learning, building relationships with important parties in the environment to avoid unforeseen changes and re-dos (i.e. starting all over again) and, perhaps most important, acting despite uncertainty.

Originality/value
The paper highlights a central, though forgotten, concept of the Uppsala internationalization process model, i.e. management under uncertainty, and, thereby, opens a new path for research on how manager behave under the sway of uncertainty.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory and starter culture activities in probiotic yoghurt: Effect of sodium–calcium caseinate and whey protein concentrate
Authors: Akalin Ayse Sibel , Unal Gülfem , Dinkci Nayil 
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the effect of fortification with sodium–calcium caseinate (SCaCN), whey protein concentrate (WPC) or a blend of those ingredients on some properties of probiotic yoghurt. At the beginning of the storage, the highest angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity (ACEI %) was obtained from yoghurts with SCaCN. However, the levels of proteolytic and ACEI activities were highest in WPC‐supplemented yoghurt after 14 and 28 days. The highest Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 viability was obtained in yoghurts with WPC or the SCaCN–WPC blend. A gradual increase in lactic acid was also obtained in the yoghurts supplemented with WPC or with the SCaCN–WPC blend; there was no increase in acetic acid.
Factors associated with early extubation after superior cavopulmonary connection: analysis from single ventricle reconstruction trial
Authors: Zakaria D. , Rettiganti M. , Gossett J. M. , Gupta P. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundTo evaluate the landscape of early extubation, and identify factors associated with early extubation (≤ 24 h) after superior cavopulmonary connection (stage 2 operation) among children with single ventricle anatomy.MethodsPatients undergoing stage 2 operation after Norwood operation from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction (SVR) trial public‐use dataset were included. Elastic net regularized logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the factors associated with early extubation after stage 2 operation.ResultsIn total, 390 patients from 15 North American centers qualified for inclusion. Of these, 42 patients (10.8%) were extubated in operating room, 151 patients (38.7%) were extubated outside the operating room within the first 24 h after stage 2 operation, and the remaining 197 patients (50.5%) required mechanical ventilation for > 24 h. In adjusted models, factors associated with early extubation after stage 2 operation were elective timing of stage 2 operation, lower incidence of post‐Norwood complications, shorter CPB duration for stage 2 operation, and no cardiac catheterization after Stage 2 operation. We also performed multiple other alternative analyses to identify factors associated with early extubation that demonstrated same associations as the primary model. The mean hospital length of stay after Stage 2 operation was 20% shorter among patients with early extubation.ConclusionsData from this large multicenter study demonstrate that approximately one‐half of the patients undergoing operation for superior cavopulmonary connection are extubated within 24 h after heart operation. Furthermore, early extubation is associated with shorter hospital length of stay.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient sheep from Altai
Authors: Dymova M. A. , Zadorozhny A. V. , Mishukova O. V. , Khrapov E. A. , Druzhkova A. S. , Trifonov V. A. , Kichigin I. G. , Tishkin A. A. , Grushin S. P. , Filipenko M. L. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryA comparative analysis of the genetic diversity of ancient and modern sheep can shed light on the origin of these animals and their distribution as well as help to evaluate the role of humans at each formation stage of different sheep breeds. Here we isolated ancient DNA and performed sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA D‐loop from 17 sheep bone remains (~4000–1000 years old) found in the archaeological complexes in the south of Altai (Western Siberia). The length of the sequences obtained ranged between 318 and 586 bp. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.801 ± 0.081 and 0.0096 ± 0.0014 respectively. The average number of nucleotide differences was ~3.1. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that 15 specimens were nested within previously described A,B,C,D and E lineages and that two specimens had a basal position relative to the rest of the analyzed samples. A relatively high diversity of sheep haplotypes, including the presence of two basal haplotypes, indicates that the Altai region may have been a transport route of human migration. Further ancient DNA analysis of other specimens and deeper genome sequencing of samples with novel haplotypes is needed to better understand the demographic history of sheep in Southern Siberia.
Optimization of Interphase Intervals to Enhance the Evoked Muscular Responses of Transcutaneous Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Vargas Luna Jose Luis , Krenn Matthias , Mayr Winfried , Cortés Ramírez Jorge Armando 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a widely used technique for clinical diagnostic, treatment, and research. Normally, it applies charge‐balanced biphasic pulses, which several publications have reported to be less efficient than monophasic pulses. A good alternative is the use of interphase intervals (IPI) on biphasic pulses that allows to achieve similar responses than those evoked by monophasic stimulation. This study analyzes the enhancing mechanism of the IPI and provides guidelines on how to optimize the IPI in order to reduce secondary effects such as the electrode corrosion. The tibial nerve was excited by NMES biphasic pulses with different IPI durations and polarities. Then, the elicited responses were recorded on the soleus muscle via electromyography. When cathodic‐first pulses were applied, the responses increased proportionally to the IPI until the duration of 250 µs, where the increase saturated at 30% of the original amplitude. The responses evoked during anodic‐first were 6% to 30% smaller than those evoked during cathodic‐first pulses and continuously increased until the IPI duration of 2500 µs, where the responses reached an increase of around 30%. The results suggest that when a cathodic‐first pulse is used, the IPI could be optimized (based on the setup geometry) to allow the action potentials to travel out of the hyperpolarization zone induced by the anodic phase. When anodic‐first stimuli are applied, the IPI duration allows the fiber to recover from an apparent insensitive state induced by the anodic phase. The use of IPI is a viable option to improve the efficiency of actual stimulation systems, since only small modifications are required to significantly reduce the electrical charge required and boost the stimulation efficiency.
Factors Associated With Functional Capacity in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Garcia Rodrigo Schinniger Assun , Lucinda Leda Marília Fonseca , Ramos Fábio Amaral , Bueno Gabriela de Souza , de Oliveira Gustavo Moreira Ribeiro , Bonisson Lígia Sant'Ana , Silva Marco Antonio , Zolli Thomaz Izola , Pinheiro Bruno Valle , Paula Rogério Baumgratz de , Pazeli José Muniz , Reboredo Maycon Moura 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHemodialysis patients have a marked decrease in functional capacity when compared to healthy individuals. We evaluated the factors associated with functional capacity in hemodialysis patients. A total of 102 hemodialysis patients were evaluated. The patients were submitted to a 6‐min walk test, peripheral muscle strength tests, and an evaluation of quality of life, anxiety, and depression. The laboratory data were measured. The 6‐min walk test distance correlated significantly with age, educational level, hemoglobin, creatinine, number of comorbidities, peripheral muscle strength, and some domains of SF‐36 quality of life questionnaire and depression (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that educational level, hemoglobin, peripheral muscle strength, and depression significantly affected the 6‐min walk test distance (P < 0.05). The multiple correlation coefficient was 0.74, and the squared multiple correlation coefficient adjusted was 0.52. In conclusion, functional capacity was significantly associated with educational level, hemoglobin, peripheral muscle strength, and depression in hemodialysis patients.
Reproductive performance and expression of imprinted genes in somatic cell cloned boars
Authors: Kawarasaki Tatsuo , Enya Satoko , Otake Masayoshi , Shibata Masatoshi , Mikawa Satoshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo assess the performance of boars derived by somatic cell cloning, we analyzed various aspects of their reproductive characteristics and the expression of two imprinted genes. Cloned boars (cloned Duroc × Jinhua) were analyzed for birth weight, growth rate, age at first ejaculation, semen characteristics and fertility, in comparison with naturally bred control boars of the same strain. The expression of imprinted genes was analyzed using the microsatellite marker SWC9 for the paternally expressed gene insulin‐like growth factor ‐2 (IGF2) and with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the gene maternally expressed 3 (MEG3). The cloned boars had high production of semen and were nearly equal in level of fertility to conventional pigs; they showed similar characteristics as naturally bred boars of the same strains. The expression of IGF2 was partially disturbed, but this disturbed expression was not linked to a change in developmental fate or reproductive performance. These results indicate that use of cloned boars could be highly effective for proliferation of pigs with desirable characteristics, preservation of genetic resources and risk reduction against epidemic diseases, such as foot‐and‐mouth disease, through storage of somatic cells as a precautionary measure for use in regenerating pig populations after a future pandemic.
Winding back Wnt signalling: potential therapeutic targets for treating gastric cancers
Authors: Flanagan Dustin J , Vincan Elizabeth , Phesse Toby J 
Published: June 2017

Gastric cancer persists as a frequent and deadly disease that claims over 700 000 lives annually. Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal cancers, making it therapeutically challenging. As such, and largely attributed to late‐stage diagnosis, gastric cancer patients show only partial response to standard chemo and targeted molecular therapies, highlighting an urgent need to develop new targeted therapies for this disease. Wnt signalling has a well‐documented history in the genesis of many cancers and is, therefore, an attractive therapeutic target. As such, drug discovery has focused on developing inhibitors that target multiple nodes of the Wnt signalling cascade, some of which have progressed to clinical trials. The collective efforts of patient genomic profiling has uncovered genetic lesions to multiple components of the Wnt pathway in gastric cancer patients, which strongly suggest that Wnt‐targeted therapies could offer therapeutic benefits for gastric cancer patients. These data have been supported by studies in mouse models of gastric cancer, which identify Wnt signalling as a driver of gastric tumourigenesis. Here, we review the current literature regarding Wnt signalling in gastric cancer and highlight the suitability of each class of Wnt inhibitor as a potential treatment for gastric cancer patients, in relation to the type of Wnt deregulation observed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Transthyretin stability is critical in assisting beta amyloid clearance– Relevance of transthyretin stabilization in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Alemi Mobina , Silva Sara C. , Santana Isabel , Cardoso Isabel 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe absence of transthyretin (TTR) in AD mice decreases brain Aβ clearance and reduces the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1). It is possible that neuroprotection by TTR is dependent on its tetramer structural stability, as studies using TTR mutants showed that unstable L55P TTR has low affinity for Aβ, and TTR tetrameric stabilizers such as iododiflunisal ameliorate AD features in vivo.MethodsWe firstly investigated TTR folding status in human plasma measuring the resistance to urea denaturation. The importance of TTR stability on Aβ internalization was studied in human cerebral microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) and hepatoma cells (HepG2), by flow cytometry. To investigate the fate of Aβ at the blood–brain barrier, Aβ efflux from hCMEC/D3 cells seeded on transwells was measured using ELISA. Further, to assess Aβ colocalization with lysosomes, Lysotracker was used. Moreover, levels of LRP1 were assessed in the liver and plasma of mice with different TTR backgrounds or treated with iododiflunisal.ResultsWe showed that TTR stability is decreased in AD and that WT TTR and drug‐stabilized L55P TTR are able to increase uptake of Aβ. Furthermore, measurement of Aβ efflux showed that stable or stabilized TTR increased Aβ efflux from the basolateral to the apical side. Moreover, HepG2 cells incubated with Aβ in the presence of WT TTR, but not L55P TTR, showed an increased number of lysosomes. Further, in the presence of WT TTR, Aβ peptide colocalized with lysosomes, indicating that only stable TTR assists Aβ internalization, leading to its degradation. Finally, we demonstrated that only stable TTR can increase LRP1 levels.ConclusionTTR stabilization exerts a positive effect on Aβ clearance and LRP1 levels, suggesting that TTR protective role in AD is dependent on its stability. These results provide relevant information for the design of TTR‐based therapeutic strategies for AD.
PD‐1 and PD‐L1 in neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Mitteldorf Christina , Berisha Arbeneshe , Tronnier Michael , Pfaltz Monique C. , Kempf Werner 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neoplasm, which is often associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and its ligand PD‐L1 are key players of the tumor microenvironment (TME).MethodsFourteen paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of MCC were stratified by their MCPyV detection. Apart from PD‐L1 and PD‐1, the TME was further characterized for the expression of CD33, FOXP3 and MxA.ResultsWe observed PD‐1 in 2 of 12 tumors. PD‐L1 expression by tumor cells was found in 7 of 8 MCPyV(+) samples and was detected particularly in the periphery. The tumor cells were surrounded by a shield of PD‐L1/CD33 immune cells. Expression of PD‐L1 by the tumor cells was higher in areas with a denser immune infiltrate. CD33(+) cells without direct tumor contact were PD‐L1 negative. Only a low number of FOXP3(+) regulatory T‐cells was admixed. Tumor cells of MCPyV(−) samples were mostly PD‐L1 negative.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that PD‐L1 expression occurs in tumor and immune cells, in areas in which they are close in contact. Interferon seems to play a role in this interaction. We postulate that PD‐L1(+)/CD33(+) cells shield the tumor against attacking PD‐1(+) immune cells. Therefore, next to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibodies, blockade of CD33 seems to be a promising therapeutic approach.
Primary conjunctival myxoma: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Ríos y Valles‐Valles Dolores , Hernández‐Ayuso Ivette , Rodríguez‐Martínez Héctor A , Medina‐Cruz Armando , Salcedo‐Casillas Guillermo , Rodríguez‐Reyes Abelardo A 
Published: June 2017

AimsMyxomas are benign soft tissue tumours resembling primitive mesenchyme. They rarely involve ocular structures, and have been recognized in the conjunctiva, eyelids, cornea, and orbit. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of seven patients with primary conjunctival myxoma seen at Dr Luis Sánchez Bulnes Hospital, an ophthalmological referral centre in Mexico City.Methods and resultsWe reviewed the clinical, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of patients with documented myxoma of the conjunctiva diagnosed in our hospital. Seven conjunctival myxomas were retrieved from 5923 conjunctival biopsies (0.1%). The mean age of patients was 40 years, with a range of 27–51 years. Females were more frequently affected, and none of our patients had systemic disease. The left eye was involved in five cases, and most of the lesions were located in the bulbar conjunctiva. Histopathological examination revealed a benign tumour composed of spindle‐shaped and stellate‐shaped cells immersed within an abundant mucinous matrix with sparse vessels and reticulin fibres. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for vimentin and negativity for smooth muscle actin, SOX10 and GLUT1 in myxoma cells of all cases. S100 was found to be positive in four cases, and muscle‐specific‐actin in three cases.ConclusionsConjunctival myxomas are uncommon tumours. For accurate diagnosis, histopathological examination is mandatory. The treatment of choice is surgical removal, and the prognosis is excellent.