bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic effects of iodine in poultry for its deficiency or excess in the diet
Authors: Hunchak A. V. , Ratych I. B. , Gutyj B. V. , Paskevych H. A. 
Published: October 2016

The article is a generalization of the literature on the impact fn the iodine om a birds, depending on the amount in the diet. In particular, we show that lack of iodine in the body of animals with food and water leads to metabolic disorders, the development of organs and body systems, weakening the function of the reproductive organs and the body's resistance to infection, resulting disruption of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency is characterized by the development of secondary immunodeficiency, which manifests a high propensity to disease. This weak immune response correlated with impaired thyroid function. The absorption of bioelements may affect the availability of natural feed goitrogenes. However, it is shown that an excess of cobalt, iron, boron, manganese poultry diets may correlate with the biosynthesis of thyroid and promote the development of endemic goiter. Noted features integrated application of iodine with other trace elements, as well as the need for admission with food vitamin A. From the standpoint of modern scientific research proved that the metabolism of iodine and selenium are closely related and can affect each other manifestations of deficiency of essential bioelements. Shown that excess of iodine in laying hens, reduced their egg production and average egg weight in breeding poultry hatching degrade the quality of the eggs. Permanent, but reduced vitellogenesis that continues for a period of excess consumption of iodine and inhibiting ovulation is associated with the formation of progesterone violation largest follicle, resulting in blocked signal for preovulatory allocation of luteinizing hormone, which leads to the cessation of egg. Excess iodine in the diet inhibits puberty young male and female birds. Thus, there is a reverse chronological relationship between feeding forages with high iodine content and the expected time of puberty. According to a toxic level of iodine in the diet, the liver bird aminotransferase increased activity and blood – alkaline phosphatase, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Thus, the deficit and surplus iodine leads to metabolic disorders, reproductive functions of animals and birds and lost productivity.
Optimize the noise factor of traffic flow in Lviv
Authors: Kalyn B. M. , Shelevij M. I. 
Published: October 2016

The article provides an overview of the current state study of one of the most pressing environmental problems of large cities – the problem of noise pollution. Due to the increasing number of cars, industrial machines and mechanisms to date, over 60% of people living in cities, daily exposed to excessive noise. The aim is to study the problem of noise pollution urboecosystem of Lviv and finding effective methods to combat with noise. Identified sources, the main characteristics and ways of dealing with the harmful effects of noise pollution. Established magnitude of noise burden on certain streets and filed a comprehensive assessment of the acoustic load of the city. A performance experiments noise which generated of motor vehicles when driving on different stretches of road near two intersections – st. Franko – Green and Levitsky – Tershakovciv. Near the street. Franko during bilateral traffic and trams bilateral traffic noise performance of road transport accounted 75,7dBA +/– 3.2. By reducing the transport speed to 6–10 km/h performance noise constituted 70,4dBA +/– 2.5. Indicators of noise on the Levitsky street during a stop to road transport and traffic lights at the beginning of the movement consisted 66,8dBA +/– 2.9 and 2.6 +/– 69,8dBA. Indicators of noise on the Tershakovciv street respectively amounted to 63.8 +/– 3.2 dBA and 65.2 +/– 3.3 dBA. Today, the simplest and most common methods of noise control is the discharge of roads, planting green space and installing anti–noise screens.
Environmental problems of water resources the Busk district
Authors: Mudrik O. V. , Paranyak R. P. , Matsuska O. V. 
Published: October 2016

There is studied the ecological status of surface waters in Busk district. The attention is focused on the largest river Western Bug and its tributaries which essentially influence on the ecological condition. The analysis of hydrological monitoring in the basin of the Western Bug is done. Analysis of water pollution in the river is performed with use of fixed position state hydrological monitoring system posts. There are studied the data concerning pollution indicators for 2015 year and 3 seasons of 2016. A comparison of contamination in two points outside the district is carried out. There are considered river Poltva before its waters reach the district and flow into Western Bug and the river Western Bug after it lefts the district. The exceeding of the threshold limit values for some indicators is revealed. In all cases there is a slight excess of the TLV over the content of iron and ammonium ions. In Poltva have been considerable (3–6 times) exceeding the TLV for COD and BOD5, ammonium salt 8.4 times, total iron – 4.3 times, nitrites – in 6.75 times, suspended solids – 3.3 times, phenol – at 2.45 times. Therefore, the section of the city Buzka to the city Kamenka–Bug, Radekhiv bridge river water is not suitable for any water use. The self–cleaning of the water is happening within the district is and the second point of monitoring shows these indicators are within limits. The largest source of organic pollutants and nutrients into Western Bug River is the river Poltva. Insufficiently treated sewage of Lviv increases the level of water contamination. In the district however there are also a source of pollution of surface water with ions of ammonium and iron. For their identification the further observation are required.
Features of body weight growth in meat breeds heifers
Authors: Oseredchuk R. S. , Babik N. P. , Fedorovych V. V. , Fedorovych E. I. , Dutka V. R. 
Published: October 2016

The data on the dynamics of body weight changes, absolute and average daily gains, frequency rate of increase in body weight, relative growth rate and intensity of body weight growth of Limousine and Volyn Meat breeds heifers. Both studied breeds characterized by different body weight at different age periods. Newborn Limousine breed heifers are weighed 2,7 kg more (P < 0.05) than Volyn Meat breed heifers; at 3 months age the difference was 8.5 kg (P < 0.05) at 6 months – 14.6 kg, at 9 month – 20.8 kg (P < 0.05), at 12 months – 25,6 kg (P < 0.05), at 15–months – 31.9 (P<0,05), and at 18 months – 23.5 kg. Total and average daily gains in animals of both breeds were the highest for a period of 3 to 6 months of age. In the period from birth to 15 months of age preference for average daily gains were in Limousine, however, the difference was statistically significant only for the period of 0 – 3 months and amounted to 63,9 g (P < 0,05). From 15 to 18 months of age Limousine slightly conceded to Volyn Meat breeds on this parameter. In animals of both breeds magnification of body weight increased with age, but over the entire period (from birth to 18 months) this parameter in Volyn Meat heifers was 0.6 times better than Limousine heifers. The coefficients of relative intensity and tension increase of body weight in animals of both breeds were highest in the period from birth to 3 months of age. With age, these indicators declined. Mainly, the advantage was in Volyn meat breed heifers, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Plants with pharmacological properties in the diet of wild ungulates of Polissya of Ukraine
Authors: Pepko V. , Hulyk I. , Zhyhaluk S. , Sachuk R. 
Published: October 2016

In terms of forest ecosystems in Western Polesya, bordering cells of intensive livestock research started parazytofauny of game animals. Discovered possible cases of self healing of endoparasites animals. Established features seasonal diet of wild ungulates, including periodic eating plants have pharmacological properties and can be natural anthelmintics. Investigated the contents of stomachs and intestines of three species of hoofed animals (elk, roe deer European, wild boar) analysis of undigested remnants feed and plant selection helminthological material. Most attention was paid by identification of speciesof medicinal plants consumed by animals with clinical signs of helminths at critical times of the year. Marked dependence diet of ungulates from changes in climate, forage productivity of lands and epizootic situation in a number of helminths. There is also a possible link between the intensity of helminth infestations and the amount eaten plants that potentially have anti–parasitic properties. Determined about 30 species of plants and 2 species of mushrooms – possible medical components of the diet, which may be the subject of research in veterinary pharmacology and used in practice in the system of complex antiparasitic activities.
The productive function of silage beer grains in a diet of lactating cows
Authors: Pivtorak Y. , Naymyuk O. , Petryshak R. , Golodyuk I. , Semchuk Y. , Dolynsky V. 
Published: October 2016

In the presented material, the experiment from the application of preserved beer grains in feeding of dairy cows and its influence on the intensity of exchange processes in an organism and the level of a dairy performance, the containing of grease and protein on the background of a grass–based type of a diet are shown. Nineteen days lasting experiments were conducted under the scheme, which predicted using green forage in the compound of a diet, maize silage and the mixture of concentrates, the control group and altering silage to preserved (AMS) beer grains – an experimental group. It’s established, that the application of preserved beer grains instead of maize silage in feeding of dairy cows is marked positively on the intensity of rumen metabolism. It’s confirmed with the high concentration of microorganisms (amylo–, cellulo– and proteolytic) in rumens of ruminant animals for a parallel accumulation of raw biomass in the microflora, that points to an active synthesis of easily digestible microbial protein. On the background of a significant advantage on the experimental group over the control one for the listed parameters of a ruminant environment, the enzyme of a microorganism activity of a rumen, that provides increasing of volatile fatty acids as basic forerunners of dairy fat and protein as well. At the same, due to positive processes, which occur in organisms of dairy cows, the straight connection between physiol–biochemical indexes and the level of their dairy performance is found. The preference of the experimental group over the control one reaches 10.7% of basis grease for the last criterion, that confirms our observation about the expedience of application of preserved beer grains in the feeding of ruminants.
Genotypic and paratypic factors formation of milk productivity of austrian schwyz breed cows in environmental area of origin
Authors: Pishchan I. 
Published: October 2016

The article set out the materials of researches about the formation of the level of milk production of Austrian cows of Schwyz breed of different generations, depending on the genotype and paratypic factors at their area of ecological origin, considering of which will promote high selection. It was established that in the operation of animals in the area of environmental origin the level of lactic productivity of daughters varies between 5000 – 12000 kg per lactation, whereas their mothers do not exceed maximum index 12,800 kg, at the same time in the mother of father it exceeds 20000 kg. Thus, the qualitative composition of milk from different generations corresponds to the average consolidated of Schwyz breed. The mass part of the fat and protein in the milk of daughters is at the level 4,13 and 3.57%. The highest content of milk fat in mother of father, the mass of fat in the milk is an average of 4.37%. The dynamics of the implementation of milk production of daughters and their mothers on the continuation of the economic use is similar. In the first lactation the total milk yield of cows amounts respectively 6686.9 and 6261.8 kg of milk, in the second lactation, the level rises to 7532.2, and 7748.7 kg. In the future, there is a slight increase in the productivity and after the fourth lactation daughters and their mother’s milk yield is almost identical and is respectively 8138.3 and 81356 kg of milk. The implementation of the genetic potential of the father's mother passes on a higher level, that meet the requirements for this category of parent. In the first lactation from this cows was obtained 9276.3 kg of milk, and the second – 11599.6 kg. The highest level of productivity was observed in the third lactation where milk yield was an average of 11667.5 kg. After the fourth lactation milk yield decreased slightly, but did not fall below the figure 11139.3 kg. It is proved that the realization of the productive potential of the daughters of parents of highly close to that of a mother. If the productivity of the daughters of the average for the entire period of exploitation below the milk yield of their mothers only 87 kg, 4% milk, the index mother of father – to 3762 kg, or 48.5% (P < 0.001).
Topicality of native fish fauna reproduction of Ukraine reservoirs
Authors: Pukalo P. Ya. , Darmohray L. M. , Bozhyk L. Ya. , Vaseruk N. Ya. 
Published: October 2016

Conservation of natural aquatic ecosystems rich in native fauna, is important in the sense what we pass on a legacy to future generations. The determining factor in ecosystems formation, including the ecosystems of rivers, is river flow. It influences on level of aquatic environment resistance to the anthropogenic activity, on self–purification process and biological productivity, species composition, quantity of hydrobiota, in particular of ichthyophauna. Human impact on the functioning of natural hydroecosystems and increased human press, interference into stable hydrological parameters of reservoirs, fishing increasing and fishing gears improving have led to the extinction of some species and reduction of others. Ways of such intervention were diverse: construction of hydropower facilities have led to the fragmentation of rivers channels and violation of migration routes of semi– and anadromous fish; not qualified hydrotechnical works destroyed spawning and wintering pit. Prevention of negative effects of human activity has social, economic and environmental values and will promote the conservation native fish fauna biodiversity of inland waters and the possibility of further expanding the range of delicious fish products. An introduction of such fish as sturgeon, beluga, Danube salmon, grayling and vyrezub in aquaculture should help the positive solution of this problem in Ukraine.
Anionic fatty acids content in carp gills at different copper and zinc concentration in the water
Authors: Rivis Y. F. , Yanovych N. E. 
Published: October 2016

Copper and Zinc belongs to essential elements with wide spectrum of physiological and biochemical action in fishes organism. In particular, the role of Zinc in growth, development and reproduction of fishes is established, both as its influence on protein and nucleic acids metabolism and genes activity regulation. Zinc, as well as Copper, is involved in enzyme link of antioxidant system. Besides, Copper takes part in erythropoiesis, energetic metabolism and immune system functioning. Abovementioned elements also influence on desaturases activity. The desaturases are catalyzing transformation of single bond between Carbon atoms in acyl chain into double unsaturated bond. At the same time, Zinc and Copper influence on fatty acids metabolism in fishes body and its tissue and organic specificity remains insufficiently explored. Presented results testified, that at concentration of Zinc and Copper in the water, equated to 1 MPL (maximum permitted level), Zinc accumulates in the gills in greater extend, than Copper. In its turn, at two maximum permitted levels in the water, Copper accumulates in the gills more, than Zinc. Increasing of Zinc and Copper concentration in carp’s gills has led to the increasing of total concentration of anionic forms of fatty acids, those are barely metabolically active. The increasing of anionic fatty acids was caused by saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Wherein, the ratio of anionic polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω–3 family to anionic polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω–6 family didn’t changed.
Prospects and criteria of protected areas in the Lviv region
Authors: Ukrainets R. D. , Paranyak R. P. , Suchorska O. P. 
Published: October 2016

The use and forms of ecological and economic assessment of protected sites and areas in the Lviv region are analysed . The functional nature of the object value determining is indicated and the long–term plans to increase reserve indicator area is noted. The role and function of the object depends on its type and category. In Lviv region the most common (with respect to area) are national parks, regional landscape parks and nature reserves. Designing of protected objects is conducted mainly with account of their inclusion in the ecological network. Because of its multifunctions nature the national parks are a promising direction for the development and expansion of natural reserve fund. Objects that are created must be environmentally effective and economically justified. The role of the recreational function of the parks increases while choosing the directions of development. Formation of new units in this category of protected areas should take place, taking into account a number of criteria: environmental, economic, logistic and environment–psychological. National parks in regional environmental network segment will promote the development of sustainable tourism in the region and will form a positive image of the region for recreation Lviv region using its unique geographical position.
The characteristics of simmentals by their economically useful traits in the con-ditions of Lviv region
Authors: Fedorovych V. V. , Orihivskyy T. V. , Babik N. P. , Fedorovych E. I. , Oseredchuk R. S. 
Published: October 2016

There are indicators data of body weight, body parts measurements, reproductive ability, milk production, morphological and functional properties of udder, the duration of use and economic reasons of disposal of Simmental cows in terms of Lviv oblast. It was established that the experimental cows by live weight during their growth in all ages have been prevailing minimum requirements of breed standard. They are marked by peculiar to combined breed type of body structure with well–defined not only milk but also meat forms, they had strong skeleton and were quite tall (withers height – 131.1 cm). However, the width of the breast in most cows, that is not enough for combined breed (on an average 41.4 cm). Simmentals age at the moment of the 1st insemination was 19.7, while during the 1st calving – 29.0 months, the duration of the service–period, depending on lactation, was within 96.8 – 112.0, of inter–calving period – within 381.6 – 396.9 day. They were characterized by an average fertility and high adaptablity. Simmentals milk yield, depending on lactation, was 3026,4–3810,2 kg, fat content in milk – 3.76 – 3.81% and quantity of milk fat 113.6 – 145.0 kg. Cows after the 4th calving had the highest milk productivity. During the all studied lactations cows milk yield and quantity of milk fat predominated breed standard. They had a well developed udder. 68.2% cows after the first calving had cupped udder, 25.9% – wash–tub and 6.9% – round udder. Their intensity of milk yield was 1.53 kg/min. Simmental cows duration of economic use in the conditions of Lviv oblast was 1.904.1 day or 5.3 lactations, lifetime yield – 18011, lifetime quantity of milk fat – 688 kg. Most reasons for dropped out of the herd was dysfunction of reproduction (35.7%) and low productivity (21.3%).
Correction of sperm production in rams by using hormones
Authors: Sharan M. , Grymak C. 
Published: October 2016

In sheep breeding, when organizing the reproduction process, a special focus is given to rams which produce a large number of descendants by artificial insemination, and thus exert their influence as the genetic basis carriers on the breeding, productive, and technological properties of large groups or herds of sheep. The systematic use of artificial insemination of only high prepotent rams is the key to improving the qualitative composition of herds and increasing their productivity. Therefore, it is important to objectively assess the reproductive function of rams when used in breed and commercial herds. Despite the fact that spermatogenesis in rams under normal conditions of keeping and balanced feeding occurs continuously, numerous studies and practical observations indicate that environmental, seasonal and climatic factors affect sexual activity, intensity of spermatogenesis, sperm quantitative and qualitative indicators. The analysis of literature data on the impact of various environmental factors on sperm production in rams has been conducted. It is reported that seasonal environmental factors can significantly affect sexual activity and quantitative and qualitative indicators of sperm. This relationship is shown more clearly in pasturing conditions, that is with direct and prolonged contact of an animal with natural environmental factors. The results of the scientists’ research on developing and applying basic methods of stimulating the sexual activity of rams during breeding and non–breeding periods have been given. It is shown that hormones are mostly used to stimulate sexual activity and correction of sperm production in rams. The results of research on the impact of phytoestrogens on the reproductive function of males have been analysed.
ТЕОРІЯ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ТА ЇХ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ
Authors: Batyuk B. , Voronuj I. 
Published: October 2016

В статті висвітлено поняття «управлінське рішення», визначено етапи прийняття і реалізації управлінського рішення. Уточнено понять «управлінське рішення» та здійснено доповнення класифікації управлінських рішень в менеджменті за різними ознаками «за знаходженням об’єкта управління людини по відношенню до підприємства», «за сприйняттям працівників», «за ступенем значущості працівника для організації» та «за впливом на розвиток індивідуального управлінського потенціалу працівників», використання яких дозволить приймати більш обґрунтовані рішення з більш прогнозованими наслідками.
Подано основні поняття «рішення» у повсякденному житті, які трактуються: процес вибору, акт вибору, результат вибору. Поняття «процес» подано поетапно, при цьому етап безпосереднього ухвалення рішення можна ототожнити з актом вибору, а фіксоване в письмовій або усній формі рішення є результатом вибору.
Розглянуто класифікацію управлінських рішень й урізноманітнено класифікацію управлінських рішень, кожна з яких призначена для відокремлення таких ознак, як джерело, ступінь дії на об'єкт, зміст, управлінська ознака, проблемна ситуація, стиль прийняття рішення, методи прийняття рішення. Визначено аспекти прийняття оптимальних та ефективних управлінських рішень в умовах підприємства.