bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<b>Cuidados de enfermagem ao idoso no fim da vida/ Nursing care of the elderly in the end of life<b>
Authors: Lindolpho Mirian Da Costa , Caldas Célia Pereira , Sá Selma Petra Chaves , Dos Santos Noemi Duque 
Published: October 2016

Esta reflexão emergiu como fruto da prática docente e assistencial aos idosos no fim da vida em um hospital universitário enquanto professoras da Disciplina de Fundamentos de Enfermagem e no atendimento ambulatorial em um Centro de Atenção à Saúde dos Idosos e Cuidadores. No desenvolvimento do artigo, buscou-se pontuar os parâmetros que norteiam o cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso que vivencia sua terminalidade com uma visão existencialista. Enfocou-se a finitude como parte do existir, em que o envelhecimento traz consigo um entendimento de proximidade da morte. A filosofia transpessoal do cuidado de Watson, referencial utilizado neste ensaio, permitiu delinear o cuidado singular ao idoso que vivencia o fim da vida através da descrição dos Elementos e o Processo Cáritas. Deste modo, a Enfermagem utiliza outras ciências para direcionar suas ações e assim possibilitar a escolha de referenciais filosóficos existencialistas como base de conhecimento, visto ser uma profissão que objetiva cuidar da vida da pessoa em sua totalidade. Sugeriu-se um modo de cuidar do idoso no fim da vida valorizando este contexto, onde cuidar é também lhe dar autonomia para ser o senhor da sua história e ter a oportunidade de com ele compartilhar seus últimos momentos.
Airway Epithelial KIF3A Regulates Th2 Responses to Aeroallergens
Authors: Giridhar Premkumar Vummidi , Bell Sheila M. , Sridharan Anusha , Rajavelu Priya , Kitzmiller Joseph A. , Na Cheng-Lun , Kofron Matthew , Brandt Eric B. , Ericksen Mark , Naren Anjaparavanda P. , Moon Changsuk , Khurana Hershey Gurjit K. , Whitsett Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKIF3A, the gene encoding kinesin family member 3A, is a susceptibility gene locus associated with asthma; however, mechanisms by which KIF3A might influence the pathogenesis of the disorder are unknown. In this study, we deleted the mouse Kif3a gene in airway epithelial cells. Both homozygous and heterozygous Kif3a gene–deleted mice were highly susceptible to aeroallergens from Aspergillus fumigatus and the house dust mite, resulting in an asthma-like pathology characterized by increased goblet cell metaplasia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and Th2-mediated inflammation. Deletion of the Kif3a gene increased the severity of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and expression of cytokines (Il-4, Il-13, and Il-17a) and chemokine (Ccl11) RNAs following pulmonary exposure to Aspergillus extract. Inhibition of Kif3a disrupted the structure of motile cilia and impaired mucociliary clearance, barrier function, and epithelial repair, demonstrating additional mechanisms by which deficiency of KIF3A in respiratory epithelial cells contributes to pulmonary pathology. Airway epithelial KIF3A suppresses Th2 pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness following aeroallergen exposure, implicating epithelial microtubular functions in the pathogenesis of Th2-mediated lung pathology.
IL-18 and Subcapsular Lymph Node Macrophages are Essential for Enhanced B Cell Responses with TLR4 Agonist Adjuvants
Authors: Desbien Anthony L. , Dubois Cauwelaert Natasha , Reed Steven J. , Bailor Hilton R. , Liang Hong , Carter Darrick , Duthie Malcolm S. , Fox Christopher B. , Reed Steven G. , Orr Mark T. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Designing modern vaccine adjuvants depends on understanding the cellular and molecular events that connect innate and adaptive immune responses. The synthetic TLR4 agonist glycopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) formulated in a squalene-in-water emulsion (GLA-SE) augments both cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccine Ags. This adjuvant is currently included in several vaccines undergoing clinical evaluation including those for tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and influenza. Delineation of the mechanisms of adjuvant activity will enable more informative evaluation of clinical trials. Early after injection, GLA-SE induces substantially more Ag-specific B cells, higher serum Ab titers, and greater numbers of T follicular helper (TFH) and Th1 cells than alum, the SE alone, or GLA without SE. GLA-SE augments Ag-specific B cell differentiation into germinal center and memory precursor B cells as well as preplasmablasts that rapidly secrete Abs. CD169+ SIGNR1+ subcapsular medullary macrophages are the primary cells to take up GLA-SE after immunization and are critical for the innate immune responses, including rapid IL-18 production, induced by GLA-SE. Depletion of subcapsular macrophages (SCMф) or abrogation of IL-18 signaling dramatically impairs the Ag-specific B cell and Ab responses augmented by GLA-SE. Depletion of SCMф also drastically reduces the Th1 but not the TFH response. Thus the GLA-SE adjuvant operates through interaction with IL-18–producing SCMф for the rapid induction of B cell expansion and differentiation, Ab secretion, and Th1 responses, whereas augmentation of TFH numbers by GLA-SE is independent of SCMф.
Lin28b Regulates Fetal Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through Modulation of TGF-β Signaling
Authors: Bronevetsky Yelena , Burt Trevor D. , McCune Joseph M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Immune tolerance between the fetus and mother represents an active process by which the developing fetus must not mount immune responses to noninherited Ags on chimeric maternal cells that reside in fetal tissue. This is, in part, mediated by the suppressive influence of CD4+FOXP3+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Fetal secondary lymphoid organs have an increased frequency of Tregs and, as compared with adult T cells, fetal naive CD4+ T cells exhibit a strong predisposition to differentiate into Tregs when stimulated. This effect is mediated by the TCR and TGF-β pathways, and fetal T cells show significantly increased Treg differentiation in response to anti-CD3 and TGF-β stimulation. Naive fetal T cells also exhibit increased signaling through the TGF-β pathway, with these cells demonstrating increased expression of the signaling mediators TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2, and higher levels of SMAD2/SMAD3 phosphorylation. Increased fetal Treg differentiation is mediated by the RNA-binding protein Lin28b, which is overexpressed in fetal T cells as compared with adult cells. When Lin28b expression is decreased in naive fetal T cells, they exhibit decreased Treg differentiation that is associated with decreased TGF-β signaling and lowered expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2. Lin28b regulates the maturation of let-7 microRNAs, and these TGF-β signaling mediators are let-7 targets. We hypothesize that loss of Lin28b expression in fetal T cells leads to increased mature let-7, which causes decreased expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2 proteins. A reduction in TGF-β signaling leads to reduced Treg numbers.
Integrating laboratory networks, surveillance systems and public health institutes in Africa
Authors: Onyebujoh Philip C. , Thirumala Ajay K. , Ndihokubwayo Jean-Bosco 
Published: October 2016

The Ebola outbreak in West Africa underlined the urgent need for integration of public health systems, including the establishment of national laboratory networks, surveillance systems, and health research institutions at all levels of service delivery. The integration schema presented here would assist in driving the immediate steps needed for integration of public health systems, particularly laboratory networks, in support of the implementation of International Health Regulations and the Global Health Security Agenda in the African region. Increased funding, political willingness from countries, and coordination through enhanced technical assistance from international partners, are critical in achieving this objective.
Identifying Contextual and Emotional Factors to Explore Weight Disparities between Obese Black and White Women
Authors: Keith NiCole R. , Xu Huiping , de Groot Mary , Hemmerlein Kimberly , Clark Daniel O. 
Published: October 2016

Background Obese black women enrolled in weight loss interventions experience 50% less weight reduction than obese white women. This suggests that current weight loss strategies may increase health disparities. Objective We evaluated the feasibility of identifying daily contextual factors that may influence obesity. Methods In-home interviews with 16 obese (body mass index ≥ 30) black and white urban poor women were performed. For 14 days, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to capture emotion and social interactions every other day, and day reconstruction method surveys were used the following day to reconstruct the context of the prior day's EMA. Results Factors included percentage of participants without weight scales (43.8%) or fitness equipment (68.8%) in the home and exposed to food at work (55.6%). The most frequently reported location, activity, and emotion were home (19.4 ± 8.53), working (7.1 ± 8.80), and happy (6.9 ± 10.03), respectively. Conclusion Identifying individual contexts may lead to valuable insights about obesogenic behaviors and new interventions to improve weight management.
Effects of the Residues from the Endodontic Sealers on the Longevity of Esthetic Restorations
Authors: Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Kuga Milton C , Diniz Ana CS , Jordão-Basso Keren CF , Tonetto Mateus R 
Published: October 2016

How to cite this article
Bandeca MC, Kuga MC, Diniz ACS, Jordão-Basso KCF, Tonetto MR. Effects of the Residues from the Endodontic Sealers on the Longevity of Esthetic Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):615-617.
Failure Rates of Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainers bonded with Two Flowable Light-cured Adhesives: A Comparative Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Talic Nabeel F 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This comparative prospective randomized clinical trial examined the in vivo failure rates of fixed mandibular and maxillary lingual retainers bonded with two light-cured flowable composites over 6 months.

Materials and methods
Consecutive patients were divided into two groups on a 1:1 basis. Two hundred fixed lingual retainers were included, and their failures were followed for 6 months. One group (n = 50) received retainers bonded with a nano-hybrid composite based on nano-optimized technology (Tetric-N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent). Another group (n = 50) received retainers bonded with a low viscosity (LV) composite (Transbond Supreme LV, 3M Unitek).

Results
There was no significant difference between the overall failure rates of mandibular retainers bonded with Transbond (8%) and those bonded with Tetric-N-Flow (18%). However, the odds ratio for failure using Tetric-N-flow was 2.52-fold greater than that of Transbond. The failure rate of maxillary retainers bonded with Transbond was higher (14%), but not significantly different, than that of maxillary retainers bonded with Tetric- N-flow (10%). There was no significant difference in the estimated mean survival times of the maxillary and mandibular retainers bonded with the two composites.

Conclusion
Both types of composites tested in the current study can be used to bond fixed maxillary and mandibular lingual retainers, with low failure rates.

How to cite this article
Talic NF. Failure Rates of Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainers bonded with Two Flowable Light-cured Adhesives: A Comparative Prospective Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):630-634.
A Solitary Phlebolith in the Buccal Mucosa: Report of a Rare Entity and Clinicopathologic Correlation
Authors: Nagaraja A , Kumar N Govindraj , Kumar B Jambukeshwar , Naik Raghavendra M , Sangineedi Y Jyoti 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Pathological conditions can give rise to calcifications within oral mucosa representing either a local or systemic disturbance. Inflammation, trauma, debris acting as nidus and vascular lesions have been attributed as principal causes for occurrence of calcifications within the oral mucosa. Occurrence of multiple calcified thrombi (phleboliths) is considered pathognomonic for hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the oral and maxillofacial region. Isolated occurrence of phlebolith in oral mucosa though very rare, especially without any underlying vascular lesions, can be diagnostically challenging. Either a traumatic association at that site or a hemangioma of childhood that has regressed once the individual became an adult are the possible explanations suggested for the occurrence of these unique solitary phleboliths. Histologically, an “onion-ring”-like concentric lamellar fibrosis around a central core with varying amounts of calcifications and presence of minute vascular channels within or around calcified lamellae is characteristic for phlebolith. There is a high propensity for misdiagnosing solitary phlebolith located in sites like the buccal mucosa where various other pathologic soft-tissue calcifications, such as sialoliths, calcified lymph nodes, traumatic myositis ossificans, etc. can occur and they too appear radiopaque in radiographs. Besides, the absence of any associated underlying vascular lesion adds to the misperception. In such cases, histopathological examination with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining alone may not be sufficient to determine the accurate diagnosis. Allied clinical history and immunohistochemistry can aid to arrive at the final diagnosis. We report such a case of nonvascular lesion-associated solitary phlebolith in the right buccal mucosa of a healthy 49-year-old male patient and discuss its differential diagnosis with emphasis on histological presentation.

How to cite this article
Nagaraja A, Kumar NG, Kumar BJ, Naik RM, Sangineedi YJ. A Solitary Phlebolith in the Buccal Mucosa: Report of a Rare Entity and Clinicopathologic Correlation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):706-710.
Select Isolated Pediatric Closed Head Injuries can be safely managed on a Nonsurgical Service
Authors: Parrish Dan , Rosati Shannon , Singh Malkit , Green Andrew , Haynes Jeffrey 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Annually in the United States, there are an estimated 474,000 traumatic brain injury (TBI) related Emergency Department (ED) visits in children under age 15 years. While their evaluation and management are not standardized, guidelines generally include a neurological examination and head computed tomography (CT) with neurosurgical and/or pediatric surgical consultation, and admission generally based on imaging as well as persistent neurological symptoms. The primary purpose of this study was to review our experience with admitted isolated closed head injuries in children. We evaluated the safety of their management on a nonsurgical service after ED pediatric neurosurgical consultation deemed the injuries nonoperative.

Study design
A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients with closed head injuries between 2008 and 2013 (n = 837). Inclusion criteria were isolated closed head injury, discharged within 48 hours of admission, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score greater than 13, and admission to a nonsurgical service. A total 272 patients met the inclusion criteria. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not they received a neurosurgical consult.

Results
Of the 272 patients, 221 received a pediatric neurosurgery consult while 51 did not. Those that received a neurosurgical consult had a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) (7.5 vs 3.6), younger age (4.4 vs 6.9), longer length of stay, higher admission acuity, and were more likely to receive a repeat head CT. There was no difference in GCS score (14.9 vs 15), and the most common discharge symptom was a headache. With admission to nonsurgical services, no complications, readmissions, or missed injuries occurred.

Conclusion
As pediatric neurosurgery is a limited resource, we evaluated the safety of admitting patients deemed nonsurgical to a medical service for management and follow-up of the TBI, as well as the social issues which are often present. The practice resulted in no morbidity or mortality with efficient management of ancillary consult services.

How to cite this article
Parrish D, Rosati S, Singh M, Green A, Haynes J. Select Isolated Pediatric Closed Head Injuries can be safely managed on a Nonsurgical Service. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):65-69.
Education on Advanced Disaster Medical Response: Initial Experience in Brazil
Authors: Simões Romeo L , Dorigatti Alcir E , Pereira Bruno M , Briggs Susan M 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
One of the most important mainstays in disaster management is preparedness. In partnership with the International Trauma & Disaster Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Panamerican Trauma Society (PTS), the Brazilian Society of Integrated Assistance to the Traumatized (SBAIT) has been promoting, for the last 4 years, education and training through the “Advanced Disaster Medical Response” (ADMR) course for health care providers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the ADMR course on medical staff learning.

Materials and methods
Between 2011 and 2014, 23 ADMR courses (each of 8 hours duration) were conducted in Brazil. Attendees answered a pretest and posttest survey to evaluate their experience in disaster medicine and acquired knowledge during the course. Each test consisted of the same 10 objective questions, resulting in a score of 0 to 10. Attendees had to do both tests in order to qualify for a course certificate.

Results
In 4 years, 1,398 students participated in the courses. Participants were predominantly physicians and medical students of the male gender. Posttest scores were significantly higher than those of the pretests: 9 (±1.22) and 7 (±1.67) respectively, representing an increase of 34.1% in acquired knowledge. Students with prior experience in disaster medical response (p<0.05) or participation in multiple-casualty simulations (p<0.05) or theoretical training (p<0.05) scored better on pretests than those without similar experience. For every kind of prior experience, posttest scores were higher than pretests (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The ADMR course is an effective learning tool for medical personnel and health care providers, increasing knowledge of disaster medical response.

How to cite this article
Simões RL, Dorigatti AE, Pereira BM, Calderan TRA, Briggs SM, Fraga GP. Education on Advanced Disaster Medical Response: Initial Experience in Brazil. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):76-82.
Implementation of a Hospital-based Trauma Registry in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Methodology, Preliminary Results, and Lessons learned
Authors: Mata Lina V , Boeck Marissa A , Blair Kevin J , Foianini J Esteban , Perry Henry B , Haider Adil H 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
Five million annual global deaths are attributable to injuries. Yet, a lack of reliable data leaves the true magnitude of injuries unknown in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), like Bolivia. Trauma registries provide a means of acquiring these data. We sought to evaluate methodology, preliminary results, and lessons learned during the implementation of a pilot, hospital-based trauma registry at one facility in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.

Materials and methods
Data collection occurred from January to September 2015 at Clínica Foianini, a private, 50-bed, third-level facility in Santa Cruz. A paper trauma registry form based on the Panamerican Trauma Society's (ATS's) essential elements model was utilized. Trained nurses completed forms at a trauma patient's initial hospital presentation. Results were analyzed via descriptive statistics.

Results
The registry produced 91 forms over 8 months. An ICD-10 diagnosis code search of hospital visits showed 2,816 eligible patients, with a registry capture rate of 3.2%. Most were males (59.3%) in their mid-20s with head contusions (19.8%), penetrating/lacerating upper extremity (11.0%) or head (7.7%) wounds, or upper extremity fractures (6.6%). Many forms were missing critical data, with average omissions of 12.5 per form (26.0% of questions) and 23.7 per question (26.0% of subjects). Errors averaged 1.0 per form (2.1% of questions) and 2.0 per question (2.2% of subjects).

Conclusion
Early efforts to implement a paper-based trauma registry at one Bolivian hospital highlight areas for improvement, mainly within education, training, and oversight. Lessons learned will inform long-term objectives to make the registry a standard hospital program across the city, and eventually throughout Bolivia, arming decision-makers with data for targeted trauma initiatives that save lives.

Clinical significance
These results provide insight into trauma registry implementation in LMICs, which serves to further inform the Bolivian program and can be applied to comparable initiatives in similar settings.

How to cite this article
Boeck MA, Blair KJ, Foianini JE, Perry HB, Mata LV, Aboutanos MB, Haider AH, Swaroop M. Implementation of a Hospital-based Trauma Registry in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Methodology, Preliminary Results, and Lessons learned. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):101-112.
Overview of mercury dry deposition, litterfall, and throughfall studies
Authors: Wright L. Paige , Zhang Leiming , Marsik Frank J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The current knowledge concerning mercury dry deposition is reviewed, including dry-deposition algorithms used in chemical transport models (CTMs) and at monitoring sites and related deposition calculations, measurement methods and studies for quantifying dry deposition of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM), and measurement studies of litterfall and throughfall mercury. Measured median GOM plus PBM dry deposition in Asia (10.7 µg m−2 yr−1) is almost double that in North America (6.1 µg m−2 yr−1) due to the higher anthropogenic emissions in Asia. The measured mean GOM plus PBM dry deposition in Asia (22.7 µg m−2 yr−1), however, is less than that in North America (30.8 µg m−2 yr−1). The variations between the median and mean values reflect the influences that single extreme measurements can have on the mean of a data set. Measured median litterfall and throughfall mercury are, respectively, 34.8 and 49.0 µg m−2 yr−1 in Asia, 12.8 and 16.3 µg m−2 yr−1 in Europe, and 11.9 and 7.0 µg m−2 yr−1 in North America. The corresponding measured mean litterfall and throughfall mercury are, respectively, 42.8 and 43.5 µg m−2 yr−1 in Asia, 14.2 and 19.0 µg m−2 yr−1 in Europe, and 12.9 and 9.3 µg m−2 yr−1 in North America. The much higher litterfall mercury than GOM plus PBM dry deposition suggests the important contribution of gaseous elemental mercy (GEM) to mercury dry deposition to vegetated canopies. Over all the regions, including the Amazon, dry deposition, estimated as the sum of litterfall and throughfall minus open-field wet deposition, is more dominant than wet deposition for Hg deposition. Regardless of the measurement or modelling method used, a factor of 2 or larger uncertainties in GOM plus PBM dry deposition need to be kept in mind when using these numbers for mercury impact studies.