bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Knee Confidence and Muscle Power, Hop Performance, and Postural Orientation in People With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Ageberg Eva , Roos Ewa M. 
Published: April 2016

Study Design Cross-sectional. Background The association between muscle function and lack of knee confidence in people with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has not been well investigated. Such knowledge would help in the design of training programs for this population. Objective To investigate associations between self-reported knee confidence and muscle function in patients with ACL injury. Methods Cross-sectional data from 54 patients (mean age, 30 years; range, 20–39 years; 28% women) with ACL injury, treated with training and reconstructive surgery (n = 36) or training only (n = 18), were assessed 3 ± 1 years after injury. Univariate and multivariable ordinal regression analyses were conducted to test the association between the patient's knee confidence (question 3 from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score as the dependent variable) and performance on tests of muscle power, hop performance, and postural orientation (test for substitution patterns score) as independent variables (absolute value on the injured leg, and limb symmetry index [LSI; injured leg/uninjured leg × 100] or absolute difference between the injured and uninjured legs). Results Sixteen patients reported no trouble with lack of knee confidence, 24 mild trouble, 10 moderate trouble, and 4 severe or extreme trouble. Univariate analyses revealed significant associations between worse knee confidence and lower (worse) LSIs for knee extension power, vertical jump, and side hop, and worse test for substitution patterns scores. In the multivariable analysis, worse vertical jump LSI (P = .043) and worse side hop LSI (P = .012) significantly accounted for 25% of the variation in perceived knee confidence. Conclusion Between-leg differences during demanding tasks are associated with knee confidence in individuals with ACL injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(6):477–482. Epub 26 Apr 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6374
GAS PHASE ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF
AND
IN A CRYOGENIC ION TRAP: COMPARISON WITH ASTRONOMICAL MEASUREMENTS*
Authors: Campbell E. K. , Holz M. , Maier J. P. , Gerlich D. , Walker G. A. H. , Bohlender D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent low-temperature laboratory measurements and astronomical observations have proved that the fullerene cation

is responsible for four diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). These absorptions correspond to the strongest bands of the lowest electronic transition. The gas phase spectrum below

is reported here for the full wavelength range encompassed by the electronic transition. The absorption spectrum of

, with its origin band at

, has been obtained under similar laboratory conditions. Observations made toward the reddened star

were used in a specific search for the absorption of these fullerene cations in diffuse clouds. In the case of

, one further band in the astronomical spectrum at

is identified, increasing the total number of assigned DIBs to five. Numerous other

absorptions in the laboratory spectrum are found to lie below the astronomical detection limit. Special emphasis is placed on the laboratory determination of absolute absorption cross-sections. For

this directly yields a column density,

, of

in diffuse clouds, without the need to rely on theoretical oscillator strengths. The intensity of the

electronic transition in the range 7000–8000 Å is spread over many features of similar strength. Absorption cross-section measurements indicate that even for a similar column density, the individual absorption bands of

will be too weak to be detected in the astronomical spectra, which is confirmed giving an upper limit of

to the equivalent width.
MODELING SNR CASSIOPEIA A FROM THE SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION TO ITS CURRENT AGE: THE ROLE OF POST-EXPLOSION ANISOTROPIES OF EJECTA
Authors: Orlando S. , Miceli M. , Pumo M. L. , Bocchino F. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The remnants of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) have complex morphologies that may reflect asymmetries and structures developed during the progenitor SN explosion. Here we investigate how the morphology of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) reflects the characteristics of the progenitor SN with the aim of deriving the energies and masses of the post-explosion anisotropies responsible for the observed spatial distribution of Fe and Si/S. We model the evolution of Cas A from the immediate aftermath of the progenitor SN to the three-dimensional interaction of the remnant with the surrounding medium. The post-explosion structure of the ejecta is described by small-scale clumping of material and larger-scale anisotropies. The hydrodynamic multi-species simulations consider an appropriate post-explosion isotopic composition of the ejecta. The observed average expansion rate and shock velocities can be well reproduced by models with ejecta mass M
ej ≈ 4M
⊙ and explosion energy E
SN ≈ 2.3 × 1051 erg. The post-explosion anisotropies (pistons) reproduce the observed distributions of Fe and Si/S if they had a total mass of ≈0.25 M
⊙ and a total kinetic energy of ≈1.5 × 1050 erg. The pistons produce a spatial inversion of ejecta layers at the epoch of Cas A, leading to the Si/S-rich ejecta physically interior to the Fe-rich ejecta. The pistons are also responsible for the development of the bright rings of Si/S-rich material which form at the intersection between the reverse shock and the material accumulated around the pistons during their propagation. Our result supports the idea that the bulk of asymmetries observed in Cas A are intrinsic to the explosion.
Primary Care Physician Designation and Response to Clinical Decision Support Reminders
Authors: Gorman Paul , Weinfeld Jeffrey 
Published: April 2016

SummaryClinical decision support (CDS) has been shown to improve process outcomes, but overalerting may not produce incremental benefits. We analyzed providers’ response to preventive care reminders to determine if reminder response rates varied when a primary care provider (PCP) saw their own patients as compared with a partner’s patients. Secondary objectives were to describe variation in PCP identification in the electronic health record (EHR) across sites, and to determine its accuracy.We retrospectively analyzed response to preventive care reminders during visits to outpatient primary care sites over a three-month period where an EHR was used. Data on clinician requests for reminders, viewing of preventive care reminders, and response rates were stratified by whether the patient visited their own PCP, the PCP’s partner, or where no PCP was listed in the EHR. We calculated the proportion of PCP identification across sites and agreement of identified PCP with an external standard.Of 84,937 visits, 58,482 (68.9%) were with the PCP, 10,259 (12.1%) were with the PCP’s partner, and 16,196 (19.1%) had no listed PCP. Compared with PCP partner visits, visits with the patient’s PCP were associated with more requested reminders (30.9% vs 22.9%), viewed reminders (29.7% vs 20.7%), and responses to reminders (28.7% vs 12.6%), all comparisons p<0.001. Visits with no listed PCP had the lowest rates of requests, views, and responses. There was good agreement between the EHR-listed PCP and the provider seen for a plurality of visits over the last year (D = 0.917).A PCP relationship during a visit was associated with higher use of preventive care reminders and a lack of PCP was associated with lower use of CDS. Targeting reminders to the PCP may be desirable, but further studies are needed to determine which strategy achieves better patient care outcomes.primary care physician (PCP), clinical decision support (CDS), electronic health record (EHR), National Provider Identifier (NPI)
УЛААНБААТАР ХОТЫН ГЭР ХОРООЛЛЫН НҮҮРСНИЙ ҮНСНИЙ ШИНЖ ЧАНАР, АШИГЛАХ БОЛОМЖИЙН УРЬДЧИЛСАН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Даваабал Б , Батцэцэг Б , Золзаяа Ц , Тэмүүжин Ж 
Published: April 2016

Улаанбаатар хотын гэр хороололд хэрэглэгдэж байгаа зарим ордын нүүрснээс гарч буй үнсний химийн найрлага, дагалдах элемент, цацраг идэвхи болон эрдэс бүрдлийн судалгааг нарийвчлан явуулав. Судалгаанд Налайх, Багануурын ордын хоёр төрлийн нүүрсийг ердийн болон бүрэн шаталттай төслийн гэсэн хоёр төрлийн зууханд шатааж гаргасан үнсийг ашиглав. Бэлдсэн үнсний шатаалтын хорогдол нь 8.90-14.07%-ийн хооронд хэлбэлзэж байв. Рентгенфлуоросцентийн (XRF) судалгаагаар Налайх, Багануурын нүүрсний үнс нь С ангиллын буюу лигнит нүүрсний үнс болох нь тогтоогдсон. Судалгаанд авсан хаягдал үнсүүд дэх Калий, Торийн изотопын идэвхжлийн хэмжээ дэлхийн дунджаас бага байсан боловч Радийн изотопын идэвхжлийн хэмжээ өндөр байв. Үнсний 98 хүртэлх хувийн ширхэглэл нь 73 микроноос том хэмжээтэй байсан. Үнсний голлох эрдсүүд нь кварц (SiO2), шохой (CaCO3), aнгидрит (CaSO4) болохыг рентгендифрактометрийн (XRD) судалгаагаар тогтоолоо. Үнсэнд Метилен хөх (66мг/г) болон Иодыг (3.06 %) шингээх замаар шингээлтийн багтаамж тодорхойлов.
Sub 10 ns fast switching and resistance control in lateral GeTe-based phase-change memory
Authors: Yin You , Zhang Yulong , Takehana Yousuke , Kobayashi Ryota , Zhang Hui , Hosaka Sumio 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the fast switching and resistance control in a lateral GeTe-based phase-change memory (PCM). The resistivity of GeTe as a function of annealing temperature showed that it changed by more than 6 orders of magnitude in a very narrow temperature range. X-ray diffraction patterns of GeTe films indicated that GeTe had only one crystal structure, that is, face-centered cubic. It was demonstrated that the lateral device with a top conducting layer had a good performance. The operation characteristics of the GeTe-based lateral PCM device showed that it could be operated even when sub-10-ns voltage pulses were applied, making it much faster than a Ge2Sb2Te5-based device. The device resistance was successfully controlled by applying a staircase-like pulse, which enables the device to be used for fast multilevel storage.
Characteristics of GPS TEC variations in the polar cap ionosphere
Authors: Watson Chris , Jayachandran P. T. , MacDougall John W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents statistical characteristics (occurrence rate, amplitude, and frequency) of low‐frequency (<100 mHz) variations in total electron content (TEC) observed in the polar cap ionosphere. TEC variations were primarily associated with mesoscale (tens to hundreds of kilometers) ionization structures and were observed by five Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers over a 6 year period (2009–2014). The altitude of ionization structures was estimated by using colocated ionosonde radars. High data rate receivers combined with broad spatial coverage of multisatellite TEC measurements provided high‐resolution magnetic local time/latitude maps of TEC variation characteristics, which were examined as a function of solar cycle and season. These high‐resolution maps improve upon the current observational picture of mesoscale structuring in the polar cap and provide accurate links to particular magnetospheric source regions. Occurrence of TEC variations was consistently highest in dayside regions mapping to low latitude and plasma mantle boundary layers, while largest‐amplitude TEC variations were observed in dayside regions close to the polar cusp, and lower latitudes around midnight. Occurrence and amplitude of TEC variations increased significantly during the ascending phase of the solar cycle, independent of solar wind conditions, while seasonal statistics showed highest dayside occurrence and amplitude in winter months, lowest in summer, and highest nightside occurrence and amplitude around equinox. A surprising result in the frequency distributions of TEC variations was discrete frequencies of about 2 and 4 mHz, which appeared to originate from regions corresponding to the plasma mantle, immediately poleward of the polar cusp.
Combination of various observation techniques for regional modeling of the gravity field
Authors: Lieb Verena , Schmidt Michael , Dettmering Denise , Börger Klaus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractModeling a very broad spectrum of the Earth's gravity field needs observations from various measurement techniques with different spectral sensitivities. Typically, high‐resolution regional gravity data are combined with low‐resolution global observations. To exploit the gravitational information as optimally as possible, we set up a regional modeling approach using radial spherical basis functions, emphasizing the strengths of various data sets by the flexible combination of high‐ and middle‐resolution terrestrial, airborne, shipborne, and altimetry measurements. The basis functions are defined and located in the region of interest in such a manner, which the highest measure of information of the input data is captured. Any functional of the Earth's gravity field can be derived, as, e.g., quasi‐geoid heights or gravity anomalies. Here we present results of a study area in Northern Germany. A comprehensive cross validation to external observation data delivers standard deviations less than 5 cm. Differences to an existing regional quasi‐geoid model count on average ±6 cm and proof the plausibility of our solution. The comparison with existing global models reaches higher standard deviations for the more sensitive gravity anomalies as for quasi‐geoid heights, showing the additional value of our solution in the high frequency domain. Covering a broad frequency spectrum, our regional models can be used as basis for various applications, such as refinement of global models, national geoid determination, and detection of mass anomalies in the Earth's interior.
Estimating nocturnal opaque ice cloud optical depth from MODIS multispectral infrared radiances using a neural network method
Authors: Minnis Patrick , Hong Gang , Sun‐Mack Szedung , Smith William L. , Chen Yan , Miller Steven D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRetrieval of ice cloud properties using IR measurements has a distinct advantage over the visible and near‐IR techniques by providing consistent monitoring regardless of solar illumination conditions. Historically, the IR bands at 3.7, 6.7, 11.0, and 12.0 µm have been used to infer ice cloud parameters by various methods, but the reliable retrieval of ice cloud optical depth τ is limited to nonopaque cirrus with τ < 8. The Ice Cloud Optical Depth from Infrared using a Neural network (ICODIN) method is developed in this paper by training Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiances at 3.7, 6.7, 11.0, and 12.0 µm against CloudSat‐estimated τ during the nighttime using 2 months of matched global data from 2007. An independent data set comprising observations from the same 2 months of 2008 was used to validate the ICODIN. One 4‐channel and three 3‐channel versions of the ICODIN were tested. The training and validation results show that IR channels can be used to estimate ice cloud τ up to 150 with correlations above 78% and 69% for all clouds and only opaque ice clouds, respectively. However, τ for the deepest clouds is still underestimated in many instances. The corresponding RMS differences relative to CloudSat are ~100 and ~72%. If the opaque clouds are properly identified with the IR methods, the RMS differences in the retrieved optical depths are ~62%. The 3.7 µm channel appears to be most sensitive to optical depth changes but is constrained by poor precision at low temperatures. A method for estimating total optical depth is explored for estimation of cloud water path in the future. Factors affecting the uncertainties and potential improvements are discussed. With improved techniques for discriminating between opaque and semitransparent ice clouds, the method can ultimately improve cloud property monitoring over the entire diurnal cycle.
Hyporheic exchange controlled by dynamic hydrologic boundary conditions
Authors: Schmadel Noah M. , Ward Adam S. , Lowry Christopher S. , Malzone Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe relative roles of dynamic hydrologic forcing and geomorphology as controls on the timescales and magnitudes of stream‐aquifer exchange and hyporheic flow paths are unknown but required for management of stream corridors. We developed a comprehensive framework relating diel hydrologic fluctuations to hyporheic exchange in the absence of geomorphic complexity. We simulated groundwater flow through an aquifer bounded by a straight stream and hillslope and under time‐varying boundary conditions. We found that diel fluctuations can produce hyporheic flow path lengths and residence times that span orders of magnitude. With these results, hyporheic flow path residence times and lengths can be predicted from the timing and magnitude of diel fluctuations and valley slope. Finally, we demonstrated that dynamic hydrologic boundary conditions can produce spatial and temporal scales of hyporheic flow paths equivalent to those driven by many well‐studied geomorphic features, indicating that these controls must be considered together in future efforts of upscaling to stream networks.
1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydronaphthalene (vapour) [Air Monitoring Methods, 2014]
Authors: Tschickardt M. , Bremer S. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of gaseous 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene and for monitoring its MAK value at workplaces. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through an adsorption tube filled with Chromosorb 106. The flow rate can be set in the range from 5 to 60 mL/min with a recommended air sample volume of 1.2 L whereas the sampling time must be adjusted to the corresponding flow rate. The collected 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene is thermally desorbed and then analysed by means of gas chromatography fitted with two detectors, a flame ionisation detector (FID) for quantification and a mass selective detector (MSD) for identification and quantification. The quantitative determination is based on a calibration function obtained by means of a multiple‐point calibration using 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene as external standard. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is determined on the basis of aliquots from 1 to 10 mL of the calibration gas in the lower concentration range. The relative LOQ is 0.1 mg/m
3
with a mean recovery of 99%. The expanded uncertainty for this procedure is between 16 and 17%.
N‐Alkyl‐2‐pyrrolidones (N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N‐ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidone), vapour [Air Monitoring Methods, 2014a]
Authors: Breuer D. , Ehmann E. , Rosenberger W. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of gaseous
N
‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and N‐ethyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NEP) and for monitoring their Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) or MAK values at workplaces. Both personal and stationary sampling can be performed for assessment of workplaces. Sampling is performed by drawing air through an ADS‐type silica gel tube using a suitable flow‐regulated pump with a volumetric flow rate of 20 L/h. Gaseous NMP and/or NEP are adsorbed onto the silica gel. For sample preparation the collected NMP and/or NEP are desorbed from the silica gel with a potassium hydroxide solution in methanol. The sample solutions are analysed by gas chromatography using a nitrogen‐selective detector (NPD) with dibutylamine as internal standard. The quantitative determination is based on calibration functions obtained by means of multiple‐point calibrations. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for both, NMP and NEP is 1.6 µg/mL (absolute 1.6 ng), which corresponds to a relative LOQ of 0.1 mg/m
3
based on an air sample volume of 40 L.
Addendum to 4,4'‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (inhalable fraction)[BAT Value Documentation, 2007]
Authors: Leng G. , Reuter U. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

4,4'‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate(MDI) (inhalable fraction) (14. Lieferung 2007)
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated 4,4'‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) (inhalable fraction) in 2006. The Commission established a “Biologischer Leitwert” (BLW), which allows for a threshold value in spite of insufficient data in order to make use of the advantage of biological monitoring. The provisional BAT value to date was based on the relationship between external and internal exposure and was creatinine‐related. For an MDI concentration of 50 µg/m3, a urinary excretion of MDA of no more than 10 μg/g creatinine was obtained (Lewalter and Steinmann‐Steiner‐Haldenstätt 1994). The correlation is based on excretion data that are volume‐related, not creatinine‐related. Taking recent data from MDI monitoring, also from occupational medical sources, into account, a BLW (“Biologischer Leitwert”) of 10 μg 4,4'‐diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) (after hydrolysis)/l urine is established. Sampling should be carried out at the end of exposure or the end of the shift.
Methoxyessigsäure [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

Methoxyacetic acid

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 1 ml/m
3
for methoxyacetic acid, considering the endpoints local and systemic toxicity as well as developmental toxicity. Methoxyacetic acid acts locally as well as systemically. It is the metabolite responsible for the haematotoxicity and reproductive toxicity of the better investigated methoxyethanol. Hence, the MAK value of 1 ml methoxyethanol/m
3
was also assigned to methoxyacetic acid in 2008. A 28‐day study with rats shows a NOAEC for systemic and local effects of 15 ml/m
3
. Since 2014, the Commission uses an empirical approach to set MAK values for substances with critical effects on the upper respiratory tract or the eyes. According to this approach, a concentration of 0.9 ml/m
3
for the workplace air can be calculated from this study. Therefore, the MAK value of 1 ml/m
3
is confirmed. Systemic as well as local effects are critical and the assignment to Peak Limitation Category II for systemic effects is retained. However, to avoid sensory irritation, the former excursion factor of 8 seems too high and is reduced to 2 in analogy to the excursion factors for formic and acetic acid. The assignment to Pregnancy Risk Group B, substances for which damage to the embryo or foetus cannot be excluded even when the MAK value is observed, is confirmed.
Trypsin und Chymotrypsin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2016]
Authors: van Kampen V. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2016

Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1)
Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) are proteolytic pancreatic enzymes which are secreted as inactive precursors trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, respectively. They have several clinical pharmacological as well as laboratory applications and they are used in protein chemistry, especially in the preparation of insulin. Exposure to enzyme dusts has long been known to cause occupational immediate hypersensitivities of the airways. Also trypsin and chymotrypsin are potential inhalable sensitizers; cases of specific airway sensitization caused by trypsin and chymotrypsin containing products could be shown clearly by several studies. Positive skin prick and challenge tests as well as specific IgE antibodies have been described. Since these results and the clinical symptoms usually matched well, an immunological mechanism of action is suggested. There is no clear evidence of allergic cell‐mediated late type eczematous skin reactions. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are designated with “Sa” (for substances causing airway sensitization) but not with “Sh” (for skin‐sensitizing substances).