bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping biological influences on the human plasma proteome beyond the genome
Authors: Carrasco-Zanini Julia , Wheeler Eleanor , Uluvar Burulça , Kerrison Nicola , Koprulu Mine , Wareham Nicholas J. , Pietzner Maik , Langenberg Claudia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBroad-capture proteomic platforms now enable simultaneous assessment of thousands of plasma proteins, but most of these are not actively secreted and their origins are largely unknown. Here we integrate genomic with deep phenomic information to identify modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with 4,775 plasma proteins in ~8,000 mostly healthy individuals. We create a data-driven map of biological influences on the human plasma proteome and demonstrate segregation of proteins into clusters based on major explanatory factors. For over a third (N = 1,575) of protein targets, joint genetic and non-genetic factors explain 10–77% of the variation in plasma (median 19.88%, interquartile range 14.01–31.09%), independent of technical factors (median 2.48%, interquartile range 0.78–6.41%). Together with genetically anchored causal inference methods, our map highlights potential causal associations between modifiable risk factors and plasma proteins for hundreds of protein–disease associations, for example, COL6A3, which possibly mediates the association between reduced kidney function and cardiovascular disease. We provide a map of biological and technical influences on the human plasma proteome to help contextualize findings from proteomic studies.
A recurrent neural network‐based rotor displacement estimation method for eight‐pole active magnetic bearing
Authors: Fan Longyuan , Liu Zicheng , Wang Haijiao , Jiang Dong , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractActive magnetic bearing (AMB) is a key technology in high‐speed rotating machines for rotor suspension, where the displacement sensors play a crucial role in detecting and controlling the rotor position. However, the traditional displacement sensors have the problems of high cost, large volume and poor reliability. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an innovative solution that utilises a recurrent neural network (RNN) to estimate the rotor displacement from the current in the AMB controller. The proposed method offers high‐quality prediction performance for the rotor displacement which is close to the high precision eddy current displacement sensors. The mathematical model of AMB is analysed to provide guidance in historical current data acquisition and design of RNN. The input dimensions and the architecture of the neural network are optimised to improve both prediction accuracy and computational complexity. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm and demonstrate that the proposed method has high accuracy, robustness and generalisation ability.
Spectroscopy using a visible photonic lantern at the Subaru Telescope: Laboratory characterization and the first on-sky demonstration on Ikiiki (α Leo) and ‘Aua (α Ori)
Authors: Vievard S. , Lallement M. , Leon-Saval S. , Guyon O. , Jovanovic N. , Huby E. , Lacour S. , Lozi J. , Deo V. , Ahn K. , Lucas M. , Sallum S. , Norris B. , Betters C. , Amezcua-Correa R. , Yerolatsitis S. , Fitzgerald M. P. , Lin J. , Kim Y. J. , Gatkine P. , Kotani T. , Tamura M. , Currie T. , Kenchington H-D. , Martin G. , Perrin G. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Photonic lanterns (PLs) are waveguide devices enabling high-throughput single-mode spectroscopy and high angular resolution.
Aims. We aim to present the first on-sky demonstration of a PL operating in visible light, to measure its throughput and assess its potential for high-resolution spectroscopy of compact objects.
Methods. We used the SCExAO instrument (a double-stage extreme adaptive optics system installed at the Subaru Telescope) and FIRST mid-resolution spectrograph (R 3000) to test the visible capabilities of the PL on internal source and on-sky observations.
Results. The best averaged coupling efficiency over the PL field of view was measured at 51% ± 10%, with a peak at 80%. We also investigated the relationship between coupling efficiency and the Strehl ratio for a PL, comparing them with those of a single-mode fiber (SMF). Findings show that in the adaptive optics regime a PL offers a better coupling efficiency performance than an SMF, especially in the presence of low-spatial-frequency aberrations. We observed Ikiiki (α Leo – mR = 1.37) and ‘Aua (α Ori – mR = −1.17) at a frame rate of 200 Hz. Under median seeing conditions (about 1 arcsec measured in the H band) and large tip or tilt residuals (over 20 mas), we estimated an average light coupling efficiency of 14.5% ± 7.4%, with a maximum of 42.8% at 680 nm. We were able to reconstruct both star’s spectra, containing various absorption lines.
Conclusions. The successful demonstration of this device opens new possibilities in terms of high-throughput single-mode fiber-fed spectroscopy in the visible. The demonstrated on-sky coupling efficiency performance would not have been achievable with a single SMF injection setup under similar conditions, partly because the residual tip or tilt alone exceeded the field of view of a visible SMF (18 mas at 700 nm). This emphasizes the enhanced resilience of PL technology to such atmospheric disturbances. The additional capabilities in high angular resolution are also promising but still have to be demonstrated in a forthcoming investigation.
Poynting flux transport channels formed in polar cap regions of neutron star magnetospheres
Authors: Benáček Jan , Timokhin Andrey , Muñoz Patricio A. , Jessner Axel , Rievajová Tatiana , Pohl Martin , Büchner Jörg 
Published: September 2024

Context. Pair cascades in polar cap regions of neutron stars are considered to be an essential process in various models of coherent radio emissions of pulsars. The cascades produce pair plasma bunch discharges in quasi-periodic spark events. The cascade properties, and therefore also the coherent radiation, depend strongly on the magnetospheric plasma properties and vary significantly across and along the polar cap. Importantly, where the radio emission emanates from in the polar cap region is still uncertain.
Aims. We investigate the generation of electromagnetic waves by pair cascades and their propagation in the polar cap for three representative inclination angles of a magnetic dipole, 0°, 45°, and 90°.
Methods. We use two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that include quantum-electrodynamic pair cascades in a charge-limited flow from the star surface.
Results. We find that the discharge properties are strongly dependent on the magnetospheric current profile in the polar cap and that transport channels for high intensity Poynting flux are formed along magnetic field lines where the magnetospheric currents approach zero and where the plasma cannot carry the magnetospheric currents. There, the parallel Poynting flux component is efficiently transported away from the star and may eventually escape the magnetosphere as coherent radio waves. The Poynting flux decreases with increasing distance from the star in regions of high magnetospheric currents.
Conclusions. Our model shows that no process of energy conversion from particles to waves is necessary for the coherent radio wave emission. Moreover, the pulsar radio beam does not have a cone structure; rather, the radiation generated by the oscillating electric gap fields directly escapes along open magnetic field lines in which no pair creation occurs.
Ejected from home: C/1980 E1 (Bowell) and C/2024 L5 (ATLAS)
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos R. , de la Fuente Marcos C. , Aarseth S. J. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Natural interstellar objects do not form isolated in deep space, but escape their natal planetary systems. Early removal from their home star systems via close flybys with still-forming planets could be the dominant ejection mechanism. However, dynamically evolved planetary systems such as the Solar System may also be a significant source of natural interstellar objects.
Aims. We studied the dynamical evolution of two unusual Solar System hyperbolic comets, C/1980 E1 (Bowell) and C/2024 L5 (ATLAS), to investigate the circumstances that led them to reach moderate Solar System excess hyperbolic speeds.
Methods. We used N-body simulations and statistical analyses to explore the planetary encounters that led to the ejection of C/1980 E1 and C/2024 L5, and studied their pre- and post-encounter trajectories.
Results. We confirm that C/1980 E1 reached its present path into interstellar space after an encounter with Jupiter at 0.23 au on December 9, 1980. C/2024 L5 was scattered out of the Solar System following a flyby to Saturn at 0.003 au on January 24, 2022. Integrations backward in time show that C/1980 E1 came from the inner Oort cloud but C/2024 L5 could be a former retrograde, inactive Centaur. The receding velocities of C/1980 E1 and C/2024 L5 when entering interstellar space will be 3.8 and 2.8 km s−1, moving towards Aries and Triangulum, respectively.
Conclusions. Our results for two comets ejected from the Solar System indicate that dynamically evolved planetary systems can be effective sources of interstellar objects and provide constraints on their velocity distribution.
Real-Time Evaluation of Lumbar Instability Using Dynamic MRI: A Commentary on Current Approaches and Developmental Opportunities
Authors: Mahato Niladri Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis brief commentary presents the current approaches and challenges concerning the use of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate lumbar instability in real time. In a continuum of using end-of-range static imaging to detect and quantify lumbar instability, this commentary outlines current approaches, limitations, and potential developmental opportunities of using MRI to quantify dynamic intervertebral displacements for investigating mechanistic underpinnings of back pain.
The effect of sector specialisation on unlisted real estate fund performance amid economic downturns
Authors: Hilders Bas , Marx Simon , Tsolacos Sotiris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the relationship between fund performance, sector specialisation and the state of the economy in the unlisted European real estate fund sector. We construct a sector concentration index to measure the impact of sector specialisation on unlisted fund performance, measured by total returns, in Europe. Using the INREV database, our sample draws from 634 private real estate funds investing in European countries over the period 2000 to the end of 2021. After controlling for key factors influencing fund performance, we find a positive and statistically significant relationship, at the 10% level, between sector specialisation and fund performance. Specifically, fund managers who concentrate their resources on a smaller number of sectors tend to achieve stronger performance, and this result is not driven by any particular sector. An implication of this study is that the results could be conditional to the method selected to measure sector specialisation. A consistent finding across specifications is that a recession has a significant adverse impact on fund performance. The positive relationship between fund performance and total returns is weakened during recessions; however, this finding is not statistically significant. These tentative findings are particularly relevant for sector-specific funds, which lack the mandate to diversify into other sectors. To protect performance during recessions, such funds may need to consider alternative de-risking strategies, including increasing geographical diversification, optimising tenant mix, and deleveraging.
VOCs conversion in He/H2O plasma produced in a micro-capillary tube at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Bauville G , Heninger M , Lemaire J , Jeanney P , Santos Sousa J , Pallandre A , Pasquiers S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A non-equilibrium plasma is created in a micro-capillary quartz tube (800 µm of internal diameter), by a DC-pulsed micro-dielectric barrier discharge (micro-DBD) and the propagation of an ionisation wave, in mixtures of He/H2O/VOC at atmospheric pressure where the studied volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are representative of molecules belonging to different chemical families: alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol), ketones (acetone), nitriles (acetonitrile), and aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene). The conversion efficiency of these VOCs is studied as a function of the applied voltage on the micro-DBD (or electrical energy deposited in the plasma) and of the initial concentration of the molecules in the range from 1 ppm up to 3000 ppm (depending on the molecule), with the help of high-resolution real-time mass spectrometry Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance associated to chemical ionisation (CI-FTICR) using H3O+ as precursor ion. A variety of by-products resulting from the conversion of VOCs are identified and quantified, emphasising that the micro-capillary plasma is able to induce a complex chemical reactivity. A qualitative analysis of the involved kinetics, based on the existing literature, reveals that helium species (ions and metastable states) and radicals coming from the dissociation of the water molecules (O and OH) are the most probable candidates to explain the formation of all compounds detected by the CI-FTICR apparatus. Quenching processes of the metastable He(23S) by the VOCs, leading to the dissociation of the molecules, are suggested to explain some of the experimental results.
Thermo-hydraulic-metallographic modeling and study of the thermotropic metamorphic layer in EDM of Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Yin Mulong , Tang Jiajing , Li Zhengkai , Yue Xiaoming , Peng Weiye , Qiu Zhiwei , Bai Jicheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the microstructure evolution of the thermotropic metamorphic layer is the basis for effectively suppressing surface and subsurface defects in electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Ti–6Al–4V. In this work, the thermo-hydraulic-metallographic coupling model with successive pulse was established for the first time, based on which the visual simulation of time-variant phase transformation in recast layer and heat-affected zone (HAZ) was achieved. Further, the microstructure distribution characteristics in the thermotropic metamorphic layer were investigated from the perspective of experimental observation. The results show that with the accumulation of successive pulse discharges, the temperature on the processed surface gradually increases while the overall temperature distribution tends to be relatively uniform. The microstructure of the EDMed surface is characterized by a layered distribution, in which the recast layer undergoes complete α′-Ti (martensitic phase) transformation, and HAZ is composed of an upper layer with α′-Ti and a lower layer with α + β + α′ mixture. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the microstructure in the β grain of HAZ changed from a staggered distribution of the secondary α-Ti phase to a parallel distribution of the acicular α′-Ti phase. A transition layer composed of cellular martensite was observed between the recast layer and HAZ, and the internal grain showed a change from parallel arrangement to staggered arrangement as the peak current increased to a relatively larger level. The martensite volume fraction and microhardness of the thermotropic metamorphic layer have also been verified to correlate to the peak current. The combined study of the thermo-hydraulic-metallographic coupling model and insights into microstructure characteristics were expected to provide theoretical references for predicting and controlling the surface integrity in EDM of Ti–6Al–4V.
Dielectric metasurface Fresnel zone plates for polarization conversion
Authors: Zhang Tian , Wang Wei , Wang Jun , Chen Zhongyan , Lin Jie , Jin Peng , Liu Shutian , Zhou Keya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conventional Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) can only achieve a single focusing function and require the combination with other optical elements to achieve multiple optical functions. This contradicts the development trends for miniaturized, integrated and multifunctional optical devices. However, the emergence of metasurfaces offers new solutions for this problem. In this paper, we design two different types of multifunctional metasurface Fresnel zone plates (MFZPs). One is based on amplitude modulation, and the other is based on phase modulation, both of which can achieve linear polarization conversion and focusing functions. The realization of these functions is based on the ability of silicon diatomic nanopillars to decouple and control the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. The designed ultrathin dielectric metasurface effectively combines the functions of conventional half-wave plates and FZPs, thereby reducing the volume of the optical system. The designed MFZPs have enormous potential for application in integrated and compact optical systems.
Radiation exposure of astronauts following an intense solar particle event: analysis and comparison of doses in male and female voxel phantoms
Authors: Ramos Ricardo Luis , Bernardini Elena , Carante Mario , Ferrari Alfredo , Sala Paola , Vercesi Valerio , Ballarini Francesca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
According to NASA’s plans, a human travel to the Moon is planned by the end of 2025 with the Artemis II mission, and humans should land on the Moon again in 2026. Exposure to space radiation is one of the main risks for the crew members; while for these short missions the doses from galactic cosmic rays would be relatively low, the possible occurrence of an intense solar particle event (SPE) represents a major concern, especially considering that in 2025 the Sun activity will be at its peak. Quantifying the amount and the effects of such exposure is therefore crucial, to identify shielding conditions that allow respecting the dose limits established by the various space agencies. By exploiting an interface between the BIANCA biophysical model and the FLUKA Monte Carlo radiation transport code, in this work we implemented a male and a female voxel phantom and we calculated absorbed doses and Gy-Eq doses in the various tissues/organs, as well as effective doses, following exposure to the August 1972 SPE, the most intense event of the modern era. The calculations were performed respect the organ dose limits for 30 d missions. A detailed comparison between male and female doses was then carried out, also considering that the Artemis II crew will include a woman. The results showed that female doses tend to be higher than male doses, especially with light shielding. This should be taken into account in mission design, also considering that, in a typical lunar mission, up to 15% of time may be spent in extra-vehicular activities, and thus with light shielding. More generally, this work outlines the importance of performing separate calculations for male and female astronauts when dealing with radiation doses and effects.
Unsupervised bearing raceway surface defect detection based on improved f-AnoGAN
Authors: Zhang Yikang , Li Jiale , Li Junfeng , Pan Haipeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For addressing bearing raceway surface defects, supervised deep learning methods face challenges such as insufficient defect samples and imbalance between defect and non-defect samples. To overcome these issues, we propose an enhanced fast anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks (f-AnoGAN) unsupervised detection algorithm. Firstly, SE-Block modules based on SE attention mechanism and residual structure are integrated into the encoder, aiding the network in focusing on channel information while alleviating gradient vanishing problems. Secondly, transfer learning is introduced to effectively enhance the algorithm’s detection performance and generalization ability. Finally, utilizing bearing images collected from industrial sites, a self-built bearing raceway surface defect dataset is constructed, and extensive experiments are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm achieves an area under curve score of 99.96% on the self-built bearing raceway surface defect dataset, representing a 7.07% improvement over the f-AnoGAN algorithm, meeting the requirements for online detection in bearing industry applications.
Developing and implementing an Einsteinian science curriculum from years 3–10: B. Teacher upskilling: response to training and teacher’s classroom experience
Authors: Kaur Tejinder , Kersting Magdalena , Adams Kyla , Blair David , Treagust David , Lonshakova Anastasia , Boublil Shon , Santoso Jesse , Ju Li , Zadnik Marjan , Wood David , Horne Elaine , McGoran Darren , Scott Susan , Venville Grady 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a growing interest in modernizing school science curricula to reflect the discoveries in physics since 1900, especially with the recent broad recognition of the importance of quantum physics in the modern world. Much effort has been expended in the development of appropriate teaching instruments for teaching Einsteinian physics in schools, but less effort on the crucial topic of teacher professional development. Successful curriculum innovation requires teacher professional development. This paper reports an analysis of teacher professional development for practising primary and secondary teachers who were upskilled as part of a process for implementing an 8-year Einsteinian curriculum across 38 primary and secondary schools in Australia. Most participants had little prior knowledge of Einsteinian physics. Using self-assessment through questionnaires and interviews, combined with classroom validation, we show that three different professional development programs led to high levels of content knowledge and confidence to teach Einsteinian physics in classes from Year 3 to Year 10. The analysis presented supports our conclusion that it is feasible to upskill teachers from diverse backgrounds in Einsteinian physics and break the cycle that has inhibited the modernisation of school curricula.
Assessing the validity of the ray model using sound reflection
Authors: Harb Tarek , Oreiby Hussein , Farah Oleg , Karishy Slyman , Sakr Salam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a straightforward experiment using sound reflection to evaluate the validity of ray acoustic models. The ratio of the wavelength of sound waves to the focal length of the reflector (

λ

/

d

) is varied. For very small ratios, the wave nature is not manifested and the ray model can perfectly explain the outcomes. As this ratio increases, the ray model can only predict some aspects of the results. When

λ

/

d

reaches 0.4, the interference effects become dominant and consequently the ray model completely fails to explain the measurements.