bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of powdery mildew caused by Sawadaea negundinis on boxelder in Iran
Authors: Arzanlou M. , Narmani A. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBoxelder (Acer negundo) is planted as ornamental and shade tree in many countries including Iran. During July 2016, boxelder trees in parks and streets of different localities in East Azarbaijan province, Iran were found to be heavily infected with powdery mildew. Whitish powdery fungal mass developed mainly on the lower leaf surface. The infected young leaves became bubbled, curled and crinkled, giving affected plants an unpleasant appearance. During September, scattered, dark brown, spherical chasmothecia were produced on the lower leaf surface. The causal agent was identified as Sawadaea negundinis based on a combination of morphological characteristics of sexual and asexual morphs and sequence data of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2). This study provides the first report on the occurrence of S. negundinis on boxelder in Iran.
Antiepileptic drug discontinuation by people with epilepsy in the general population
Authors: Giussani Giorgia , Bianchi Elisa , Canelli Valentina , Erba Giuseppe , Franchi Carlotta , Nobili Alessandro , Sander Josemir W. , Beghi Ettore ,   the EPIRES Group
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveRate, reasons, and predictors of antiepileptic drug (AED) discontinuation were investigated in a well‐defined cohort of people with epilepsy to verify efficacy and tolerability of treatment up to 20 years from treatment initiation.MethodsThe history of AED usage in children and adults with epilepsy registered with 123 family physicians in an area of Northern Italy between 2000 and 2008 was recorded. Cumulative probabilities of AED withdrawal for specific reasons were estimated using cumulative incidence functions. The probabilities of withdrawing for terminal remission, and of achieving sustained remission while still on treatment, were also evaluated. The roles of sex, age at diagnosis, seizure types, duration at diagnosis, and syndrome were assessed with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsSeven hundred thirty‐one of 747 individuals were treated with one or more AEDs during the disease course. The three commonest drugs were valproate, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital. Reported reasons for AED withdrawal were, in decreasing order, terminal remission, ineffectiveness, and adverse events. The probability of withdrawing the first AED for terminal remission was 1.0% at 1 year and increased to 20.0% at 20 years. Corresponding rates were 2.9% and 12.6% for ineffectiveness and 0.5% and 3.3% for adverse events. Reasons for withdrawal varied with individuals’ age, sex, disease characteristics, and drugs.SignificanceThe initial AED given was retained in the majority of cases. Terminal remission, lack of efficacy, and adverse effects were, in decreasing order, the commonest reasons for AED discontinuation. Withdrawal could be predicted by age at diagnosis, sex, and clinical characteristics and varies among drugs.
Seizure outcome after hippocampal deep brain stimulation in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: A prospective, controlled, randomized, double‐blind study
Authors: Cukiert Arthur , Cukiert Cristine Mella , Burattini Jose Augusto , Mariani Pedro Paulo , Bezerra Daniela Fontes 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveWe designed a prospective, randomized, controlled, double‐blind study to evaluate the efficacy of hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip‐DBS) in patients with refractory temporary lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsSixteen adult patients with refractory TLE were studied. Patient's workup included medical history, interictal and ictal electroencephalography (EEG), and high‐resolution 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients were randomized on a 1:1 proportion to an active (stimulation on) or to a control (no stimulation) arm. After implantation, patients were allowed to recover for 1 month, which was followed by a 1‐month titration (or sham) period. The 6‐month blinded phase started immediately afterward. A postoperative MRI confirmed the electrode's position in all patients. All patients received bipolar continuous stimulation. Stimulus duration was 300 μs and frequency was 130 Hz; final intensity was 2 V. Patients were considered responders when they had at least 50% seizure frequency reduction.ResultsAll patients had focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS, complex partial seizures), and 87% had focal aware seizures (FAS, simple partial seizures). Mean preoperative seizure frequency was 12.5 ± 9.4 (mean ± standard deviation) per month. MRI findings were normal in two patients, disclosed bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) in three, left MTS in five, and right MTS in six patients. An insertional effect could be noted in both control and active patients. In the active group (n = 8), four patients became seizure‐free; seven of eight were considered responders and one was a nonresponder. There was a significant difference regarding FIAS frequency between the two groups from the first month of full stimulation (p < 0.001) until the end of the blinded phase (p < 0.001). This was also true for FAS, except for the third month of the blinded phase.SignificanceHip‐DBS was effective in significantly reducing seizure frequency in patients with refractory TLE in the active group, as compared to the control group. Fifty‐percent of the patients in the active group became seizure‐free. The present study is the larger prospective, controlled, double‐blind study to evaluate the effects of Hip‐DBS published to date.
Rapid partner switching may facilitate increased broadcast group size in dance compared with conversation groups
Authors: Robertson Cole , Tarr Bronwyn , Kempnich Mary , Dunbar Robin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDancing is a universal human activity that involves exertive rhythmic movement to music. It is often conducted in a social environment and often involves synchronization. It has been found to cause dancers to bond socially. Like conversation, it has been suggested that dancing may be an inexpensive form of social bonding, in that both activities facilitate efficient group bonding by allowing multiple individuals to bond simultaneously. However, no previous study has systematically observed the size of naturally occurring dance groups. During unobtrusive observation of natural dance and conversation behavior, we found that the cumulative number of dance partners (cumulative group) was greater than the number of partners at any one moment (instantaneous group), whereas no such difference was found for conversation. Additionally, the length of uninterrupted engagement (bout) was negatively predicted by group size in conversation but not dance groups, and it was significantly longer in conversation groups than dance groups. Finally, instantaneous group size was significantly larger in dance than conversation groups, and also positively related to time spent synchronizing in dance groups. Together, these results suggest that dance may allow a larger number of individuals to simultaneously engage with each other than conversation does because (i) more rapid partner switching increases cumulative broadcast group; and (ii) synchrony facilitates simultaneous interaction with multiple individuals, allowing for larger instantaneous groups. We conclude that the capacity for information transfer provided by language comes at a cost in terms of social bonding, and that dance may have played an important role in bonding large hominin social groups.
Earnout deals: Method of initial payment and acquirers’ gains
Authors: Barbopoulos Leonidas G. , Paudyal Krishna , Sudarsanam Sudi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe analyse the implications of initial payment methods in earnout deals on acquirers’ gains. The results, which are robust to self‐selection bias and alternative model specifications, reveal that earnout deals outperform non‐earnout deals. The acquirers gain the most from earnout deals when both initial and deferred payments are in stocks. The positive wealth effect of the choice of initial payment method in earnout deals is more prominent in cross‐border deals than in domestic deals. Overall, the earnout deals generate higher gains when both the initial and deferred payments help spread the risk between the shareholders of acquiring and target firms.
In situ conservation—harnessing natural and human‐derived evolutionary forces to ensure future crop adaptation
Authors: Bellon Mauricio R. , Dulloo Ehsan , Sardos Julie , Thormann Imke , Burdon Jeremy J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnsuring the availability of the broadest possible germplasm base for agriculture in the face of increasingly uncertain and variable patterns of biotic and abiotic change is fundamental for the world's future food supply. While ex situ conservation plays a major role in the conservation and availability of crop germplasm, it may be insufficient to ensure this. In situ conservation aims to maintain target species and the collective genotypes they represent under evolution. A major rationale for this view is based on the likelihood that continued exposure to changing selective forces will generate and favor new genetic variation and an increased likelihood that rare alleles that may be of value to future agriculture are maintained. However, the evidence that underpins this key rationale remains fragmented and has not been examined systematically, thereby decreasing the perceived value and support for in situ conservation for agriculture and food systems and limiting the conservation options available. This study reviews evidence regarding the likelihood and rate of evolutionary change in both biotic and abiotic traits for crops and their wild relatives, placing these processes in a realistic context in which smallholder farming operates and crop wild relatives continue to exist. It identifies areas of research that would contribute to a deeper understanding of these processes as the basis for making them more useful for future crop adaptation.
Distribution patterns and population structure of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Authors: Coelho Rui , Mejuto Jaime , Domingo Andrés , Yokawa Kotaro , Liu Kwang‐Ming , Cortés Enric , Romanov Evgeny V. , da Silva Charlene , Hazin Fábio , Arocha Freddy , Mwilima Aldrin Masawbi , Bach Pascal , Ortiz de Zárate Victoria , Roche William , Lino Pedro G. , García‐Cortés Blanca , Ramos‐Cartelle Ana M. , Forselledo Rodrigo , Mas Federico , Ohshimo Seiji , Courtney Dean , Sabarros Philippe S. , Perez Bernardo , Wogerbauer Ciara , Tsai Wen‐Pei , Carvalho Felipe , Santos Miguel N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe blue shark (Prionace glauca) is the most frequently captured shark in pelagic oceanic fisheries, especially pelagic longlines targeting swordfish and/or tunas. As part of cooperative scientific efforts for fisheries and biological data collection, information from fishery observers, scientific projects and surveys, and from recreational fisheries from several nations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans was compiled. Data sets included information on location, size and sex, in a total of 478,220 blue shark records collected between 1966 and 2014. Sizes ranged from 36 to 394 cm fork length. Considerable variability was observed in the size distribution by region and season in both oceans. Larger blue sharks tend to occur in equatorial and tropical regions, and smaller specimens in higher latitudes in temperate waters. Differences in sex ratios were also detected spatially and seasonally. Nursery areas in the Atlantic seem to occur in the temperate south‐east off South Africa and Namibia, in the south‐west off southern Brazil and Uruguay, and in the north‐east off the Iberian Peninsula and the Azores. Parturition may occur in the tropical north‐east off West Africa. In the Indian Ocean, nursery areas also seem to occur in temperate waters, especially in the south‐west Indian Ocean off South Africa, and in the south‐east off south‐western Australia. The distributional patterns presented in this study provide a better understanding of how blue sharks segregate by size and sex, spatially and temporally, and improve the scientific advice to help adopt more informed and efficient management and conservation measures for this cosmopolitan species.
Effects of side‐groove depth on creep crack‐tip constraint and creep crack growth rate in C(T) specimens
Authors: He J.Z. , Wang G.Z. , Tu S.T. , Xuan F.Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effects of side‐groove depth on creep crack‐tip constraint and creep crack growth (CCG) rate in C(T) specimens have been quantitatively studied. The results indicate that with increasing side‐groove depth, the constraint level and CCG rate increase and constraint distribution along crack front (specimen thickness) becomes more uniform. The constraint and CCG rate of thinner specimen are more sensitive to side‐groove depth. Two new creep constraint parameters (namelyR*andAc) both can quantify constraint levels of the specimens with and without side‐grooves, and the quantitative correlations of CCG rate with constraint have been established. The mechanism of the side‐groove depth effect on the CCG rate has also been analyzed.
Seed origin and warming constrain lodgepole pine recruitment, slowing the pace of population range shifts
Authors: Conlisk Erin , Castanha Cristina , Germino Matthew J. , Veblen Thomas T. , Smith Jeremy M. , Moyes Andrew B. , Kueppers Lara M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how climate warming will affect the demographic rates of different ecotypes is critical to predicting shifts in species distributions. Here, we present results from a common garden, climate change experiment in which we measured seedling recruitment of lodgepole pine, a widespread North American conifer that is also planted globally. Seeds from a low‐elevation provenance had more than three‐fold greater recruitment to their third year than seeds from a high‐elevation provenance across sites within and above its native elevation range and across climate manipulations. Heating halved recruitment to the third year of both low‐ and high‐elevation seed sources across the elevation gradient, while watering more than doubled recruitment, alleviating some of the negative effects of heating. Demographic models based on recruitment data from the climate manipulations and long‐term observations of adult populations revealed that heating could effectively halt modeled upslope range expansion except when combined with watering. Simulating fire and rapid postfire forest recovery at lower elevations accelerated lodgepole pine expansion into the alpine, but did not alter final abundance rankings among climate scenarios. Regardless of climate scenario, greater recruitment of low‐elevation seeds compensated for longer dispersal distances to treeline, assuming colonization was allowed to proceed over multiple centuries. Our results show that ecotypes from lower elevations within a species’ range could enhance recruitment and facilitate upslope range shifts with climate change.
Do mandibular complete dentures made using a neutral zone technique improve speech?—A pilot study
Authors: Rehmann Peter , Künkel Anna Katharina , Weber Daniel , Lotzmann Ulrich , Wöstmann Bernd 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate speech sound production (SSP) in older edentulous patients provided with two different types of mandibular complete dentures (MCDs; conventional vs neutral zone).BackgroundRegarding the fact that complete dentures (CDs) affect SSP, it is unknown whether the set‐up of the artificial teeth resulting from the neutral zone technique leads to a negative impact on SSP.Materials and methodsFor 21 participants, a conventional MCD and a MCD using a modified neutral zone technique (neutral zone dentures) were fabricated. The SSP was described using a phonetically balanced text, which was recorded digitally and evaluated.ResultsNo significant difference in SSP was observed.ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the application of the neutral zone technique in the mandible has no considerable impact on SSP.
Holocene salinity fluctuations of the East Korean lagoon related to sea level and precipitation changes
Authors: Katsuki Kota , Nakanishi Toshimichi , Lim Jaesoo , Nahm Wook‐Hyun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetailed diatom records within core sediments from Maeho Lagoon along the Eastern coast of South Korea revealed that the ecological dynamics of the lagoon during the Holocene were associated with relative sea level and regional precipitation. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating indicates that sediment accumulation began prior to 8300 cal. year BP, and that the lagoon formed around 8000 cal. year BP. The salinity level of the lagoon increased until 5000 cal. year BP, and then decreased. Long‐term trends in salinity were dependent upon changes in sea level: periods of high salinity in the lagoon were generally coincident with periods of high sea levels along the east coasts of Korea and Japan. On the other hand, multicentennial‐scale fluctuations in diatom assemblages and magnetic susceptibility (MS) suggest that a 400 year fluctuation in salinity was regulated by changes in precipitation in the area of this lagoon. Changes in the westerly jet stream, controlled by variation in solar irradiance, had an important influence on precipitation volume in South Korea, suggesting that the patterns of the westerly jet stream fluctuate on a 400 year cycle.
U–Pb and fission‐track dating of a submarine pyroclastic rock from southwest Japan
Authors: Ninomiya Takashi , Taniguchi Sho , Shimoyama Shoichi , Watanabe Koichiro , Danhara Tohru , Iwano Hideki , Dunkley Daniel J. , Shiraishi Kazuyuki , Gouzu Chitaro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Okinoshima Formation crops out on Okinoshima Island and comprises a thick sequence (> 200 m) of pyroclastic rocks and alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone. Because Okinoshima Island is located between Honshu and Tsushima Island, the Okinoshima Formation potentially provides an important record of volcanism during the opening of the Japan Sea in northwest Kyushu, as well as a record of the formation of the present Genkai Sea region. In consideration of the lack of previous geochronological work, dating (fission‐track and U–Pb) of igneous zircons extracted from the Okinoshima Formation were undertaken and studied the clay mineral alteration in the pyroclastic material in order to reveal its thermal history. These data are used to constrain the age of the Okinoshima Formation and the present Genkai Sea region. Our results show that no thermal event has reset the fission‐track age after deposition of the pyroclastic rocks, and that the Okinoshima Formation was deposited at 16.2 Ma. The present Genkai Sea region is a deep‐sea basin, and its formation at 16.2 Ma was accompanied by submarine volcanism and rapid subsidence that marked the climactic stage of Japan Sea formation. After 16 Ma, the tectonic setting of the present Genkai Sea region changed from one of extension (related to the formation of the Japan Sea) to one of compression, with uplift occurring under the influence of the clockwise rotation of southwest Japan. Consequently, after 16 Ma the present Genkai Sea region became isolated from the forming processes of the Japan Sea.
Lateral and axial cutting efficiency of instruments manufactured with conventional nickel‐titanium and novel gold metallurgy
Authors: Vasconcelos R. A. , Arias A. , Peters O. A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo isolate the effect of metallurgy in lateral and axial cutting efficacy against plastic and bovine dentine substrates by comparing two rotary systems with identical design but manufactured with either conventional nickel‐titanium or heat‐treated gold alloy.MethodologyA total of 258 ProTaper Universal (PTU) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) Shaping instruments were used. Bending behaviour was assessed to determine the appropriate displacement associated with a 2 N force in lateral cutting. Ten instruments of each type were used in lateral action for 60 s against bovine dentine or plastic substrates four consecutive times producing four notches in each specimen. Ten further instruments of each type were used in on axial action in four standardized simulated root canals fabricated from 4‐mm thick plastic or dentine discs. Both tests were performed at 300 rpm in a computer‐controlled testing platform. Notch area and torsional load were compared with Student's t‐tests. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare cutting efficiency across the four different time‐points. Pearson correlation coefficients between substrates were also determined.ResultsFor lateral action, all three PTG instruments cut significantly more effectively (P < 0.05) than PTU on the plastic substrate. S1 and S2 PTG cut significantly more after 120 and 180 s (P < 0.05) on bovine dentine substrate. For axial action, S1 and S2 PTG were significantly more efficient in cutting at 180 s on plastic and 120 s on bovine dentine (P < 0.05).ConclusionInstruments made from heat‐treated nickel‐titanium gold alloy had equal or greater cutting efficiency when compared to those made from conventional nickel‐titanium.
Identification and characterization of a gene involved in the encapsulation response of Helicoverpa armigera haemocytes
Authors: Hu Q.‐Q. , Wei X.‐H. , Li Y.‐P. , Wang J.‐L. , Liu X.‐S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEncapsulation is a kind of cellular immune response of insect haemocytes, which results in the formation of capsules around invading parasites. However, the molecular mechanism of this response is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a potential immune‐related gene in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, called defence protein 1 (Ha‐DFP1). A tissue distribution analysis revealed that Ha‐DFP1 protein was expressed in haemocytes and secreted into the haemolymph of Helic. armigera larvae. The Ha‐DFP1 mRNA transcript level in haemocytes and the concentration of the Ha‐DFP1 protein in haemolymph both increased after injecting chromatography beads. Purified recombinant Ha‐DFP1 bound to the surface of haemocytes and promoted haemocyte encapsulation on chromatography beads in vitro. The spreading ability of haemocytes was inhibited when Ha‐DFP1 expression in Helic. armigera larval haemocytes decreased in response to the injection of double‐stranded RNA specific to Ha‐DFP1, and the encapsulation ability of haemocytes was impaired. Based on these results, we speculate that Ha‐DFP1 plays an important role in the Helic. armigera encapsulation response, possibly by binding to the haemocyte surface and mediating spreading behaviour.
Can a Morel‐Lavallée lesion be misdiagnosed as a mass like lesion?
Authors: Lee Yoon Jae , Kim Jun Hyeok , Kim Ji Young , Han Hyun Ho 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe Morel‐Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a post‐traumatic closed soft tissue degloving injury. Common complaints ofMLLpatients are a haematoma or fluid collection on the trunk or the lower extremity.However, the authors introduce unique cases ofMLLthat present an atypical appearance. The fluid collection was not apparent, and the capsule formation was not detected on preoperative image study. The main complaint of patients was the uncomfortable mass‐like lesion that was regarded as a simple benign lump.The purpose of this case study is to introduce the atypical cases ofMLLand to help other physicians make accurate diagnosis based on trial and error of our cases.