bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging features and prognostic factors in fetal and postnatal torcular dural sinus malformations, part II: synthesis of the literature and patient management
Authors: Yang Edward , Storey Armide , Olson Heather E , Soul Janet , Estroff Judy A , Trenor Cameron C , Cooper Benjamin K , Smith Edward R , Orbach Darren B 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundTorcular dural sinus malformations (tDSMs) are described as slow flow dural arteriovenous fistulae with frequently poor outcomes in the neuroangiographic literature, but other etiologies have been proposed in the obstetric literature, where outcomes have been more favorable.ObjectiveTo review tDSMs reported in the literature of multiple specialties for features that support a common etiology, and to identify key prognostic factors, with an emphasis on tDSM trajectory highlighted in part I.MethodsAnalysis of imaging features and clinical outcome for 77 prenatal and 22 postnatal tDSMs reported in 37 papers from the literature.ResultsIn addition to large venous lakes, 36% of prenatal and 96% of postnatal tDSMs had evidence of arterialization, where specifically assessed. For fetal cases, where there was an observable natural history, 97% underwent a spontaneous decrease—13% after an initial increase and only 1 case with subsequent enlargement after a decrease. Prenatal cases had 83% survival (62% with a favorable outcome) whereas postnatal cases had 59% survival (29% favorable). In addition to a postnatal diagnosis, unfavorable features included ventriculomegaly, parenchymal injury, arterialization, and need for intervention. Favorable features included decreasing tDSM size, presence of clot, and increasing clot percentage.ConclusionsNeonatal and fetal tDSMs have overlapping imaging appearances, suggesting a common etiology, where neonatal tDSMs represent those rare fetal tDSMs that do not undergo spontaneous regression and have a propensity for worse outcomes. Decrease in tDSM size is a critical observation when managing a tDSM because it is generally irreversible and associated with a favorable outcome.
Nutrition and Exercise Rehabilitation in Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (NERO): a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mandal Swapna , Suh Eui-Sik , Harding Rachel , Vaughan-France Anna , Ramsay Michelle , Connolly Bronwen , Bear Danielle E , MacLaughlin Helen , Greenwood Sharlene A , Polkey Michael I , Elliott Mark , Chen Tao , Douiri Abdel , Moxham John , Murphy Patrick B , Hart Nicholas 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundRespiratory management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) focusses on the control of sleep-disordered breathing rather than the treatment of obesity. Currently, there are no data from randomised trials of weight loss targeted rehabilitation programmes for patients with OHS.InterventionA 3-month multimodal hybrid inpatient–outpatient motivation, exercise and nutrition rehabilitation programme, in addition to non invasive ventilation (NIV), would result in greater per cent weight loss compared with standard care.MethodsA single-centre pilot randomised controlled trial allocated patients to either standard care or standard care plus rehabilitation. Primary outcome was per cent weight loss at 12 months with secondary exploratory outcomes of weight loss, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at the end of the rehabilitation programme to assess the intervention effect.ResultsThirty-seven patients (11 male, 59.8±12.7 years) with a body mass index of 51.1±7.7 kg/m2were randomised. At 12 months, there was no between-group difference in per cent weight loss (mean difference −5.9% (95% CI −14.4% to 2.7%; p=0.17)). At 3 months, there was a greater per cent weight loss (mean difference −5% (95% CI −8.3% to −1.4%; p=0.007)), increased exercise capacity (6 min walk test 60 m (95% CI 29.5 to 214.5) vs 20 m (95% CI 11.5 to 81.3); p=0.036) and HRQL (mean difference SF-36 general health score (10 (95% CI 5 to 21.3) vs 0 (95% CI −5 to 10); p=0.02)) in the rehabilitation group.ConclusionIn patients with OHS, a 3-month comprehensive rehabilitation programme, in addition to NIV, resulted in improved weight loss, exercise capacity and QOL at the end of the rehabilitation period, but these effects were not demonstrated at 12 months, in part, due to the limited retention of patients at 12 months.Trial registration numberPre-results;NCT01483716.
Temporal variations in snow albedo at glaciated upper elevation zone of an Eastern Himalayan river basin
Authors: Chiphang N. , Mishra P. , Bandyopadhyay A. , Bhadra A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Snow albedo is an important climate parameter as it governs the amount of solar energy absorbed by the snow and can be considered a major contributor to the surface radiation budget. The present study deals with the estimation of temporal variation of snow albedo at the upper elevation zone of glaciated Mago Basin of Arunachal Pradesh in eastern Himalaya. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Daily Snow Products (MOD10A1 and MYD10A1) at 500 m spatial resolution were used. Both the MODIS data for ten years (2003–13) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area were downloaded from NASA DAAC of NSIDC. The percentage area under different snow types (dry snow, wet snow, firn and ice) was determined by masking the upper elevation zone of the DEM into the albedo images. The average monthly slopes show a decreasing trend in area (%) of dry snow and wet snow and an increasing trend for firn and ice. Dry snow and wet snow cover percentages were observed to be decreasing, whereas firn and ice cover showed an increasing trend for most of the months. Firn dominated the type of snow, followed by ice then wet snow; the smallest area (%) was that of dry snow for the study period.
Mechano-Signal Transduction in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Prosaposin Secretion to Drive the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ishihara Seiichiro , Inman David R. , Li Wan-Ju , Ponik Suzanne M. , Keely Patricia J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In response to chemical stimuli from cancer cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and promote tumor progression. How mechanical stimuli such as stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute to MSC phenotype in cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we show that ECM stiffness leads to mechano-signal transduction in MSC, which promotes mammary tumor growth in part through secretion of the signaling protein prosaposin. On a stiff matrix, MSC cultured with conditioned media from mammary cancer cells expressed increased levels of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of CAF, compared with MSC cultured on a soft matrix. By contrast, MSC cultured on a stiff matrix secreted prosaposin that promoted proliferation and survival of mammary carcinoma cells but inhibited metastasis. Our findings suggest that in addition to chemical stimuli, increased stiffness of the ECM in the tumor microenvironment induces differentiation of MSC to CAF, triggering enhanced proliferation and survival of mammary cancer cells. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6179–89. ©2017 AACR.
Multiregional Sequencing Reveals Genomic Alterations and Clonal Dynamics in Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Li Jingjing , Yan Shi , Liu Zhen , Zhou Yong , Pan Yaqi , Yuan WenQin , Liu Mengfei , Tan Qin , Tian Geng , Dong Bin , Cai Hong , Wu Nan , Ke Yang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare and aggressive disease with high tendency of metastasis. To characterize the genetic basis and intratumor heterogeneity of PMME, we performed multiregion exome sequencing and whole genome SNP array genotyping of 12 samples obtained from a patient with PMME. High intratumor heterogeneity was observed in both somatic mutation and copy-number alteration levels. Nine geographically separate samples including two normal samples were clonally related and followed a branched evolution model. Most putative oncogenic drivers such as BRAF and KRAS mutations as well as CDKN2A biallelic inactivation were observed in trunk clones, whereas clinically actionable mutations such as PIK3CA and JAK1 mutations were detected in branch clones. Ancestor tumor clones evolved into three subclonal clades: clade1 fostered metastatic subclones that carried metastatic features of PIK3CA and ARHGAP26 point mutations as well as chr13 arm-level deletion, clade2 owned branch-specific JAK1 mutations and PTEN deletion, and clade3 was found in two vertical distribution samples below the primary tumor area, highlighting the fact that it is possible for PMME to disseminate by the submucosal longitudinal lymphatic route at an early stage of metastasis. These findings facilitate interpretation of the genetic essence of this rare melanoma subtype as well as the pattern of cancer evolution, thus reinforcing the therapeutic challenges associated with PMME.
Significance: This study highlights the use of multiregion exome sequencing and whole genome SNP array genotyping to comprehensively characterize the genetic landscape of a rare type of esophogeal melanoma. Cancer Res; 78(2); 338–47. ©2017 AACR.
Healthcare System Distrust, Physician Trust, and Patient Discordance with Adjuvant Breast Cancer Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Dean Lorraine T. , Moss Shadiya L. , McCarthy Anne Marie , Armstrong Katrina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background: Adjuvant therapy after breast cancer surgery decreases recurrence and increases survival, yet not all women receive and complete it. Previous research has suggested that distrust in medical institutions plays a role in who initiates adjuvant treatment, but has not assessed treatment completion, nor the potential mediating role of physician distrust.
Methods: Women listed in Pennsylvania and Florida cancer registries, who were under the age of 65 when diagnosed with localized invasive breast cancer between 2005 and 2007, were surveyed by mail in 2007 to 2009. Survey participants self-reported demographics, cancer stage and treatments, treatment discordance (as defined by not following their surgeon or oncologist treatment recommendation), healthcare system distrust, and physician trust. Age and cancer stage were verified against cancer registry records. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between highest and lowest tertiles of healthcare system distrust and the dichotomous outcome of treatment discordance, controlling for demographics and clinical treatment factors, and testing for mediation by physician trust.
Results: Of the 2,754 participants, 30.2% (n = 832) reported not pursing at least one recommended treatment. The mean age was 52. Patients in the highest tertile of healthcare system distrust were 22% more likely to report treatment discordance than the lowest tertile; physician trust did not mediate the association between healthcare system distrust and treatment discordance.
Conclusions: Healthcare system distrust is positively associated with treatment discordance, defined as failure to initiate or complete physician-recommended adjuvant treatment after breast cancer.
Impact: Interventions should test whether or not resolving institutional distrust reduces treatment discordance. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1745–52. ©2017 AACR.
Pharmacogenetic Analysis of the UK MRC (Medical Research Council) MAGIC Trial: Association of Polymorphisms with Toxicity and Survival in Patients Treated with Perioperative Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (ECF) Chemotherapy
Authors: Smyth Elizabeth , Zhang Shenli , Cunningham David , Wotherspoon Andrew , Soong Richie , Peckitt Clare , Valeri Nicola , Fassan Matteo , Rugge Massimo , Okines Alicia , Allum William , Stenning Sally , Nankivell Matthew , Langley Ruth , Tan Patrick 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Germline polymorphisms may affect chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity. We examined the effect of polymorphisms in drug metabolism and DNA repair genes on pathologic response rates, survival, and toxicity for patients randomized to surgery alone or perioperative ECF chemotherapy in the MRC MAGIC trial.
Experimental Design: DNA was extracted from nontumor resection formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks. ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1, DYPD, and OPRT SNPs were evaluated using Sequenom, GSTP1, GSTT1 deletion, and TYMS (TS) 5′ 2R/3R using multiplex PCR. Post PCR amplification, TS 2R/3R and GSTT1 samples underwent gel electrophoresis.
Results: Polymorphism data were available for 289 of 456 (63.4%) operated patients. No polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with pathologic response to chemotherapy. Median overall survival (OS) for patients treated with surgery alone with any TS genotype was not different (1.76 years 2R/2R, 1.68 years 2R/3R, 2.09 years 3R/3R). Median OS for patients with a TS 2R/2R genotype treated with chemotherapy was not reached, whereas median OS for 2R/3R and 3R/3R patients were 1.44 and 1.60 years, respectively (log rank P value = 0.0053). The P value for the interaction between treatment arm and genotype (3R/3R and 3R/2R vs. 2R/2R) was 0.029. No polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with chemotherapy toxicity.
Conclusions: In MAGIC, patients with a TS 2R/2R genotype appeared to derive a larger benefit from perioperative ECF chemotherapy than patients with 3R containing genotypes. Further exploration of this potential predictive biomarker in this patient population is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7543–9. ©2017 AACR.
More T Cells versus Better T Cells in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Speiser Daniel E. , Verdeil Grégory 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Summary: Characterization of intratumoral leukocyte populations may help in estimating patients' prognosis and predictions. A new study shows remarkable differences between the in situ and invasive breast cancer stages and highlights that cell number analyses should be complemented with characterization of T-cell functions, increasing the likelihood that immune competent antitumor T cells and further biomarkers are identified for guiding therapy choices. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1062–4. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Gil Del Alcazar et al., p. 1098.
Soils and Seeds That Initiate Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Vakoc Christopher R. , Tuveson David A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Summary: Pathways that stimulate metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells are critical for understanding tumor evolution and can serve as potential therapeutic targets. The microenvironment produces a host of metabolic perturbations and tropic factors that may play a formative role in this process. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1067–8. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Chiou et al., p. 1184.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy Increases Functionally Suppressive Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Muroyama Yuki , Nirschl Thomas R. , Kochel Christina M. , Lopez-Bujanda Zoila , Theodros Debebe , Mao Wendy , Carrera-Haro Maria A. , Ghasemzadeh Ali , Marciscano Ariel E. , Velarde Esteban , Tam Ada J. , Thoburn Christopher J. , Uddin Muniza , Meeker Alan K. , Anders Robert A. , Pardoll Drew M. , Drake Charles G. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) enhances innate and adaptive antitumor immunity; however, the effects of radiation on suppressive immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Treg), in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not fully elucidated. Although previous reports suggest an increased Treg infiltration after radiation, whether these Tregs are functionally suppressive remains undetermined. To test the hypothesis that RT enhances the suppressive function of Treg in the TME, we selectively irradiated implanted tumors using the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP), which models stereotactic radiotherapy in human patients. We then analyzed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with flow-cytometry and functional assays. Our data showed that RT significantly increased tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TIL-Treg), which had higher expression of CTLA-4, 4-1BB, and Helios compared with Tregs in nonirradiated tumors. This observation held true across several tumor models (B16/F10, RENCA, and MC38). We found that TIL-Tregs from irradiated tumors had equal or improved suppressive capacity compared with nonirradiated tumors. Our data also indicated that after RT, Tregs proliferated more robustly than other T-cell subsets in the TME. In addition, after RT, expansion of Tregs occurred when T-cell migration was inhibited using Fingolimod, suggesting that the increased Treg frequency was likely due to preferential proliferation of intratumoral Treg after radiation. Our data also suggested that Treg expansion after irradiation was independent of TGFβ and IL33 signaling. These data demonstrate that RT increased phenotypically and functionally suppressive Tregs in the TME. Our results suggest that RT might be combined effectively with Treg-targeting agents to maximize antitumor efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(11); 992–1004. ©2017 AACR.
Entre o sensível e o inteligível: paixão e memória em <i>Dois irmãos</i> e em <i>Leite derramado</i>
Authors: Sousa Silvia Maria de , Virginio Cinthia Paes 
Published: October 2017

O artigo investiga o discurso empreendido por meio da estratégia memorialística pelos narradores dos romances Dois irmãos, de Milton Hatoum, e Leite derramado, de Chico Buarque. A partir do exame dos aspectos sensíveis presentes nesses textos, busca-se analisar de que forma as paixões projetadas no discurso organizam a narrativa e regem a apresentação das memórias. Seguindo ritmos distintos, as lembranças evocadas assumem um papel fundamental na constituição do discurso dos narradores Nael (Dois irmãos) e Eulálio (Leite Derramado), seja devido às experiências postas em cena ou à intencionalidade que reveste a narrativa desses sujeitos. O estudo da arquitetura do discurso desses romances revela mais do que dois sujeitos que querem contar suas histórias de vida, cada um a seu modo, daí a necessidade de a análise considerar os aspectos sensíveis do texto. Compreende-se, assim, a narrativa a partir da projeção da carga passional que toma esses sujeitos, alterando a condição de existência de cada um deles e instituindo, então, projetos enunciativos marcados por essa particularidade. Para isso, a análise seguirá os princípios da semiótica discursiva, enfatizando a abordagem tensiva, a partir da qual serão discutidos os efeitos de sentido de minimização e recrudescimento.
Análise dos Atrativos Naturais da Serra dos Alves, Senhora do Carmo, Itabira, MG, Brasil: uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável
Authors: Oliveira Dias Raphaela Silva de , Cordeiro Juni Silveira 
Published: October 2017

O turismo é uma modalidade econômica que busca promover a reservação dos recursos naturais e o desenvolvimento social de uma comunidade, abrangendo os aspectos peculiares de uma região, como natureza, história e até mesmo elementos geológicos.Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial turístico de trilhas na região da Serra dos Alves em Senhora do Carmo, distrito de Itabira (MG), bem como verificar a infraestrutura existente no local para atendimento ao turismo. Assim, análise documental e entrevistas foram utilizadas como instrumentos de coleta de dados e observação. Comrelação ao potencial das trilhas, podem ser citados aspectos negativos, como a falta de sinalização para acesso aos pontos turísticos. Porém, todos os atrativos apresentaram grande possibilidade para desenvolvimento de diversas modalidades turísticas, entre as quais podem ser ressaltadas o ecoturismo, o geoturismo e o turismo de aventura.
Mitochondrial Respiration Is Reduced in Atherosclerosis, Promoting Necrotic Core Formation and Reducing Relative Fibrous Cap Thickness
Authors: Yu Emma P.K. , Reinhold Johannes , Yu Haixiang , Starks Lakshi , Uryga Anna K. , Foote Kirsty , Finigan Alison , Figg Nichola , Pung Yuh-Fen , Logan Angela , Murphy Michael P. , Bennett Martin 
Published: October 2017

Objective—
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is present in murine and human atherosclerotic plaques. However, whether endogenous levels of mtDNA damage are sufficient to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and whether decreasing mtDNA damage and improving mitochondrial respiration affects plaque burden or composition are unclear. We examined mitochondrial respiration in human atherosclerotic plaques and whether augmenting mitochondrial respiration affects atherogenesis.

Approach and Results—

Human atherosclerotic plaques showed marked mitochondrial dysfunction, manifested as reduced mtDNA copy number and oxygen consumption rate in fibrous cap and core regions. Vascular smooth muscle cells derived from plaques showed impaired mitochondrial respiration, reduced complex I expression, and increased mitophagy, which was induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE
−/−
) mice showed decreased mtDNA integrity and mitochondrial respiration, associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. To determine whether alleviating mtDNA damage and increasing mitochondrial respiration affects atherogenesis, we studied ApoE
−/−
mice overexpressing the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle (Tw
+
/ApoE
−/−
). Tw
+
/ApoE
−/−
mice showed increased mtDNA integrity, copy number, respiratory complex abundance, and respiration. Tw
+
/ApoE
−/−
mice had decreased necrotic core and increased fibrous cap areas, and Tw
+
/ApoE
−/−
bone marrow transplantation also reduced core areas. Twinkle increased vascular smooth muscle cell mtDNA integrity and respiration. Twinkle also promoted vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and protected both vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages from oxidative stress–induced apoptosis.

Conclusions—
Endogenous mtDNA damage in mouse and human atherosclerosis is associated with significantly reduced mitochondrial respiration. Reducing mtDNA damage and increasing mitochondrial respiration decrease necrotic core and increase fibrous cap areas independently of changes in reactive oxygen species and may be a promising therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis.