bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necessitarianism in Leibniz with a view to contingency in natural science and theology
Authors: Carus Clara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLeibniz distinguishes between contingent truths and necessary truths, but many commentators worry that Leibniz's contingent truths are not truly contingent. While scholars who consider Leibniz in the context of his work in the natural sciences often view Leibniz as a forerunner of the theory of contingent truths, scholars who consider his theological views tend to be considerably more concerned about the space for contingent truths in his system. This paper examines Leibniz's theory of contingent truths and shows that there are two distinct and initially unrelated dilemmas that forced the young Leibniz of the 1670s to recognize that not all things are necessary and prompted him to develop an idea of contingency: the first concerned natural laws in natural science and the other his idea of the theodicy. The present paper argues that Leibniz's theory of contingent truths based on the principle of sufficient reason is a solution to the question of the validity of natural laws and does not lead to necessitarianism. However, Leibniz maintains a series of commitments in theology, which push him towards necessitarianism throughout his lifetime.
A Matter of Memory? Age‐Invariant Relative Clause Disambiguation and Memory Interference in Older Adults
Authors: van Boxtel Willem S. , Lawyer Laurel A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPast research suggests that Working Memory plays a role in determining relative clause attachment bias. Disambiguation preferences may further depend on Processing Speed and explicit memory demands in linguistic tasks. Given that Working Memory and Processing Speed decline with age, older adults offer a way of investigating the factors underlying disambiguation preferences. Additionally, older adults might be subject to more severe similarity‐based memory interference given their larger vocabularies and slower lexical access. Nevertheless, memory interference and sentence disambiguation have not been combined in studies on older adults before. We used a self‐paced reading paradigm under memory load interference conditions. Older (n = 30) and Younger (n = 35) readers took part in the study online; reading times were recorded and measures of comprehension accuracy and load recall were collected. This setup allowed for the implicit measurement of attachment biases and memory interference effects interactively. Results show that similarity‐based interference affected both age groups equally, but was more pronounced in NP2‐biased structures, which took participants generally longer to read. Attachment preferences did not differ by group and were unaffected by Working Memory span. However, accuracy on recall prompts was predicted by Working Memory span in both groups. Findings of greater interference in syntactically dispreferred structures support unified processing models where parsing constraints naturally interact. The lack of age differences on our measures further aligns with research finding age‐invariant implicit language processing.
Tomographic and ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid gland in pet guinea pigs
Authors: Pelligra Tina , Puccinelli Caterina , Petrini Daniele , Mattolini Mirko , Citi Simonetta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the literature on primary thyroid diseases in guinea pigs, which are believed to be underdiagnosed. This study describes the size and characteristics of the thyroid gland on ultrasound (US) and CT examinations in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) without evidence of thyroid pathology and examines the possible use of US as a routine examination for thyroid diseases. This prospective and anatomical study included 20 guinea pigs that underwent CT for dental pathologies and US for thyroid gland (TG) examination. Based on US and CT images, this study evaluated the thyroid lobe dimensions (length, height, and width) and shape. Echogenicity and homogeneity were assessed on US images, and attenuation values (HU) and homogeneity were evaluated on CT images. All animals underwent CT and US examinations under anesthesia. Thyroid lobes appeared more frequently as fusiform on CT (65%) and oval on US scans (67.5%). The attenuation values on CT scans were homogeneous. On the US scans, the TG was more frequently hypoechoic. No statistically significant differences were found between the size of the right and left thyroid lobes, both with CT and US. A statistically significant difference was found between the length values on CT and US. The US and CT thyroid gland dimensions, shape, and appearance were described. Both CT and US are useful techniques for evaluating the TG in guinea pigs.
Gastrointestinal permeability and kidney injury risk during hyperthermia in young and older adults
Authors: McKenna Zachary J. , Atkins Whitley C. , Wallace Taysom , Jarrard Caitlin P. , Crandall Craig G. , Foster Josh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe tested whether older adults, compared with young adults, exhibit greater gastrointestinal permeability and kidney injury during heat stress. Nine young (32 ± 3 years) and nine older (72 ± 3 years) participants were heated using a model of controlled hyperthermia (increasing core temperature by 2°C via a water‐perfused suit). Gastrointestinal permeability was assessed using a multi‐sugar drink test containing lactulose, sucrose and rhamnose. Blood and urine samples were assayed for markers of intestinal barrier injury [plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP), plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and plasma soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14)], inflammation (serum cytokines), kidney function (plasma creatinine and cystatin C) and kidney injury [urine arithmetic product of IGFBP7 and TIMP‐2 (TIMP‐2 × IGFBP7), neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule‐1]. The lactulose‐to‐rhamnose ratio was increased in both young and older adults (group‐wide: Δ0.11 ± 0.11), but the excretion of sucrose was increased only in older adults (Δ1.7 ± 1.5). Young and older adults showed similar increases in plasma LBP (group‐wide: Δ0.65 ± 0.89 µg/mL), but no changes were observed for I‐FABP or sCD14. Heat stress caused similar increases in plasma creatinine (group‐wide: Δ0.08 ± 0.07 mg/dL), cystatin C (group‐wide: Δ0.16 ± 0.18 mg/L) and urinary IGFBP7 × TIMP‐2 [group‐wide: Δ0.64 ± 0.95 (pg/min)2] in young and older adults. Thus, the level of heat stress used herein caused modest increases in gastrointestinal permeability, resulting in a mild inflammatory response in young and older adults. Furthermore, our data indicate that older adults might be more at risk for increases in gastroduodenal permeability, as evidenced by the larger increases in sucrose excretion in response to heat stress. Finally, our findings show that heat stress impairs kidney function and elevates markers of kidney injury; however, these responses are not modulated by age.
Restoring CFTR function with Orkambi decreases the severity of alcohol‐induced acute pancreatitis
Authors: Venglovecz Viktória , Grassalkovich Anna , Tóth Emese , Ébert Attila , Gál Eleonóra , Korsós Marietta Margaréta , Maléth József , Rakonczay Zoltán , Galla Zsolt , Monostori Péter , Hegyi Péter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeavy alcohol intake is one of the most common causes of acute pancreatitis (AP). We have previously shown that ethanol (EtOH) decreases the expression and activity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which plays a key role in alcohol‐induced AP development. The prescription drug, Orkambi (a combination of ivacaftor and lumacaftor) can correct impaired CFTR function and expression in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether Orkambi can mitigate alcohol‐induced AP. Intact guinea‐pig pancreatic ducts were pre‐treated with different concentrations of ethanol (EtOH; 30, 50 and 100 mm) for 12 h alone or in combination with ivacaftor (VX770) and/or lumacaftor (VX‐809), and CFTR expression and activity were evaluated by immunostaining and by the patch clamp technique, respectively. Alcoholic AP was induced in Orkambi‐treated guinea‐pigs, and standard laboratory and histological parameters were measured. Ivacaftor and lumacaftor alone or in combination dose‐dependently restored the apical expression and activity of CFTR after EtOH treatment in vitro. Oral administration of Orkambi reduced the severity of alcohol‐induced AP and restored impaired CFTR activity and expression. Orkambi is able to restore the CFTR defect caused by EtOH and decreases the severity of alcohol‐induced pancreatitis. This is the first in vivo pre‐clinical evidence of Orkambi efficacy in the treatment of alcohol‐induced AP.
imageKey points
Acute pancreatitis is one of the leading causes of hospital admission among gastrointestinal diseases in which the lack of a specific drug therapy plays a crucial role.
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays an essential role in pancreatic ductal HCO3– secretion; inappropriate CFTR function, as seen in heavy alcohol consumption, increases the risk of pancreatitis development.
CFTR modulators are able to prevent the inhibitory effect of ethanol and reduce pancreatic ductal injury and the severity of alcohol‐induced pancreatitis.
CFTR modulators present a novel option in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol‐induced pancreatitis by enhancing pancreatic functions or preventing recurrence.
Spatial Distribution Assay of Active Neutron Counting
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Xu Xiaoming , Cheng Yimei , He Lixia , Fan Xiao , Zhao Haocheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In response to the nuclear material accounting and control system, uranium or plutonium mass and also the isotope abundance should be quantified comprehensively. Commonly, in nuclear safeguards and nuclear security field, active mode is most reasonable for nuclides with low spontaneous rates like uranium measuring for neutron accounting equipment. The spatial detection efficiency and the number of induced fission neutrons are researched in the paper by Monte Carlo simulation and laboratory experiments. A geometric model is built for Monte Carlo simulation to symbolize the measurement of neutrons. The data are assayed with the fission time randomly generated by matlab that conforms to the Poisson distribution to obtain the neutron pulse sequence. The multiplicity shift register (MSR) simulation program performs statistical analysis on the neutron pulse sequence to obtain the corresponding count rates. After that, U3O8 standard source was placed at more than 50 positions, and the comprehensive simulations were conducted. Spatial detection efficiency is practically consistent in the measurement cavity, which proves that the main influencing factors of the neutron measurement results are the spatial distribution of the induction source and the sample. The spatial distribution curves obtained in the fitting results can be used to correct the spatial effect of neutron measurement in the active mode of this device and provide a reference for the subsequent optimization of active neutron measurement equipment and the application of different measurement scenarios.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Riemann–Liouville Fractional-Order Damping Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator
Authors: Yan Hongbo , Huang Haitao , Wang Jianxin , Ma Qingzhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In view of the large errors in the integer-order prediction model of the current giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA), existing studies have shown that the fractional-order theory can improve the classical integer-order error situation. To this end, the Riemann–Liouville (R–L) fractional-order calculus theory is applied to the damping part of the GMA system; based on the averaging method and the power series method, the analytical and numerical solutions of the system are obtained, respectively, the motion of the GMA system is obtained through simulation, the parameters affecting the main resonance response of the system are analyzed as well as the motion characteristics of the system under the parameters, and the bifurcation and chaotic characteristics of the system are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It is shown that the fractional-order model can improve the prediction accuracy of the system, the fractional order has a significant effect on the motion of the system, and the interval of the periodical motion parameter is less than an integer when the order of the damping term is (0,1), and the system can be induced to shift to periodic motion by changing the parameters.
The Impact of Pad Elasticity on Frequency-Dependent Linear Dynamic Coefficients of Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings
Authors: Vetter Daniel , Zemella Philipp , Hagemann Thomas , Schwarze Hubert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The frequency-dependent dynamic coefficients of tilting-pad bearings are significantly influenced by the pad pivot elasticity. In addition to the elasticity of the pivot, there is also the flexibility of the structure that predominantly leads to a bending of the pad. For the calculation of the dynamic coefficients, it is common to describe the structural stiffness by a support stiffness in series with the lubricant film. For this purpose, the stiffness according to Hertz's theory is widely used. This approach only allows the rigid body motion of the pad in the theoretical model. However, the elasticity of the pad leads to a film thickness characteristic, which cannot be represented with a pure rigid body motion. Additionally, the structural elasticity already includes the stiffness of the contact between the pad and the support, and therefore the elasticity according to Hertz cannot simply be added. This paper investigates the influence of dynamic pad deformation on dynamic bearing coefficients considering the contact boundary conditions and examines whether it can be replaced by a suitable support stiffness. A three-dimensional finite element model provides the eigenmodes for calculating the dynamic coefficients by perturbed Reynolds equations within a thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic bearing analysis. The model is validated with measurement data.
Effects of the Geometric Uncertainties of Bladed Disks Through the Analytical Derivatives of the Finite Element Matrices
Authors: Bouras Abdelhakim , Carassale Luigi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Manufacturing processes and wear are known to create imperfections in mechanical components that may result in a significant deviation of the modal properties from their predicted values. This is especially true for periodic structures such as bladed disks, where even small variations in the blade geometry can cause mistuning. The effect of parameter variations on the model is commonly assessed through sensitivity analysis within the framework of uncertainty propagation or structural optimization. Different formulations are available when dealing with the variation of a single scalar parameter. The problem becomes more complicated when the source of the variation is the whole component geometry. To deal with this case, it is necessary to define a representation able to describe the shift from the nominal geometry through a finite set of parameters and compute the derivatives of the system matrices with respect to those parameters. This paper proposes to compute analytically the derivatives of the system matrices with respect to the geometric variations. The derivatives are calculated at the finite element (FE) level and are then assembled into global derivative matrices. Using directional derivatives, the sensitivities of the system matrices are computed with standard FE numerical schemes based on the nominal geometry.
Modeling and Analysis of Inter-Panel Slipping for the Design of Rolled Gossamer Arrays
Authors: Coleman Nathan , Sutton Jacob , Running Ivy , Magleby Spencer , Howell Larry L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many deployable satellite systems benefit from having low mass and high surface area, which has led to the proliferation of gossamer structures in space-based applications. Gossamer structures are characterized by lightweight, low-stiffness membranes, which can flex and roll to compactly stow. An effect of rolling a gossamer structure is that there is a tangential separation along adjacent panels as they roll, resulting in relative motion between panels. To aid designers in predicting and accommodating this motion, a method for modeling the slippage between adjacent panels that occurs while rolling is presented. This analytical slippage model and algorithm is a function of (1) the number of panels, (2) the thickness of each panel, (3) the length of each panel, and (4) the minimum bend radius of the material. It is shown that the thickness and length have a positive correlation with increased slippage, whereas the number of panels and minimum bend radius have a negative correlation with increased slippage. This model allows designers to predict both the magnitude of slippage that occurs where panels meet, as well as the relative range of slippage that occurs within the whole pattern. With these predictions, an appropriate strategy can be selected for accommodating this motion.
Synthesis and Analysis of Stephenson III Six-Bar Motion Generators With an Instantaneous Stop Link
Authors: Figliolini Giorgio , Lanni Chiara , Tomassi Luciano 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article deals with the synthesis and analysis of Stephenson III six-bar motion generators with, a coupler link instantaneous stop of the five-bar loop and a crank-driven four-bar loop. The proposed design procedure consists of adding a dyad of RRR or PRR types to a crank-driven four-bar mechanism, which can include a prismatic pair, thus giving the slider-crank or swinging-block mechanisms. In particular, starting with a suitable configuration of the crank-driven four-bar mechanism, a ternary coupler link is designed in such a way to have the third vertex as coincident with its instant center of rotation (IC). Then, the first revolute joint R of the dyad is installed on this IC and the last R or P joints of the RRR or PRR dyads are positioned freely on the fixed plane. Thus, the kinematic analysis of two types of the synthesized Stephenson III six-bar motion generators with an instantaneous stop, as derived by a swinging-block mechanism and a four-bar mechanism, respectively, is formulated and implemented in a Matlab program with the aim to validate the proposed design procedure and analyze the main geometric and kinematic characteristics of this particular rigid body motion, which can find novel practical applications in complex mechanical systems, such as conveying systems, instantaneous dwell mechanisms, mixing machines, and moving platform for amusement parks.
Motion Planning for Nonprehensile Object Manipulation Using Novel 5-Bar Linkage
Authors: Yeldan Alper , Arora Abhimanyu , Soh Gim Song 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nonprehensile manipulation is a concept of performing a manipulation task without the need for grasping and is a common mechanism found in nature, such as the dung beetle, to manipulate large and heavy objects across an environment. This concept, when applied to a robot, allows objects that are normally too large or heavy to be grasped, to be manipulated by exploiting a robot’s inherent locomotion unit through motion planning. This article presents a nonprehensile manipulation planning method for QuadRunner, a robot that utilizes a modified 5-bar mechanism to achieve hybrid locomotion and latching. When QuadRunner’s leg is in its latching configuration, it can securely connect to an object and complete a desired manipulation task. When the object’s height exceeds its leg workspace, QuadRunner is capable of leaping into the air and transiting into the latching mode to attach to an object to complete a manipulation task. Here, we introduce a motion planning model for QuadRunner to push and its 5-bar leg to realize the various necessary modes. Next, the system constraints are described, and how it was used to generate feasible robot motion paths to perform a desired nonprehensile manipulation. Finally, the leaping mode of QuadRunner is explained in detail. Experimental results show that QuadRunner can reliably leap to attach to an object of 43 cm in height, under the constraint that its most extended leg length is 22 cm.
Unique High-Resolution Temperature Mapping of Stage 1 Turbine Vane in a Long-Term Engine Test
Authors: Hickey Jim , Counte Joseph , Lee Jaebin , Araguás Rodríguez Silvia , Rai Kieron , Lee Kidon , Mun Younggi , Karagiannopoulos Solon , Hong Giwon , Feist Jörg P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, surface temperature maps resulting from a long-term engine test were evaluated on a stage 1 turbine vane using thermal history coatings (THCs). THCs are ceramic-type sensor coatings doped with a lanthanide ion, giving the coating photoluminescent properties. The THC's structure permanently changes when exposed to high temperatures, which in turn alters its photoluminescent properties. Therefore, historic maximum temperature maps are evaluated by optically probing the THC point-by-point across the vane's surface. The vane was exposed to a non-dedicated (multi-cycle, multi temperature-level) engine test lasting over 8 months. Two passes of THC measurements were taken, termed low resolution (LR) and high resolution (HR), each, respectively, with point pitches of 5 mm and 1 mm. The latter provided a unique insight into the historic maximum temperature profile of the vane, particularly around high-temperature gradient regions, such as those close to effusion cooling holes. The THC temperatures were compared to the engine manufacturer's (Doosan Enerbility) heat transfer code (Doosan Integrated Thermal Analysis for Cooling System (DiTACS)) for validation. The THC temperature mapping was successful with good coverage across the vane. The leading edge and pressure side trailing edge regions were typically the hottest. The HR measurements clearly show sharp thermal gradients around the effusion cooling holes on the vane's airfoil and platforms. Critically, the THC measurements were compared very well to the DiTACS measurements, validating THCs as a credible temperature measurement technique for long-term, non-dedicated engine tests for components operating in some of the most extreme environments of an engine.
Fan Non-Synchronous Forced Vibration Under Crosswind
Authors: Chennuru Venkata Y. T. , Corral Roque , Rodríguez-Blanco Salvador , Vahdati Mehdi , Zhao Fanzhou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a new aeroelastic phenomena for fans, referred to as non-synchronous forced vibration (NSFV), is presented. This type of aeroelastic instability can occur at high crosswind conditions when the flow at the intake lip separates and the disturbances caused by flow separation become unsteady. The results show that in the presence of unsteady separation in the intake, the fan can experience non-synchronous frequency excitations, which can result in resonant response in modes that are not identified by the Campbell diagram. The findings are corroborated by aeroacoustic theories. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first time that fan forced response due to unsteady distortion is studied and the findings can unlock some of unexplained and unexpected vibrations experienced by engines.