bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infektionen nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: Dasdelen Süha , Grebe Scott-Oliver 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Die Nierentransplantation stellt die Therapie der Wahl für eine bedeutende Zahl an Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz dar. Dabei kommt der Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie von Infektionen eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Neben den bekannten nosokomial und ambulant erworbenen Infektionen bei hospitalisierten Patienten finden sich darüber hinaus im Kollektiv der Immunsupprimierten eine ganze Reihe opportunistischer und seltener Erreger, deren Kenntnis für eine optimierte und gezielte Behandlung erforderlich ist. Da das immunsuppressive Regime entsprechend der Phasen nach der Transplantation angepasst und reduziert wird und darüber hinaus erst mit einer gewissen Verzögerung latente Erkrankungen reaktiviert werden, kann in definierten Zeitintervallen nach der Transplantation mit dem Vorkommen bestimmter Infektionen gerechnet werden. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel soll dabei helfen, die häufigen und einige der seltenen Erkrankungen in dem breiten mikrobiologischen Spektrum der infektiologischen Transplantationsnachsorge zu erkennen und die Diagnostik und Therapie zu strukturieren.
Optimized short digestion protocol for free fetal DNA detection using methylation-dependent markers
Authors: Rodríguez-Martínez Ana B. , Sarasola-Díez Esther , Achalandabaso Estíbaliz , García-Barcina María J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background:
Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) digestion with methylation sensitive restriction enzymes constitutes an important diagnostic tool for differentiating methylated from non-methylated DNA sequences. In the context of pregnancy, this is used to differentiate fetal from maternal DNA. Current protocols are of long duration and use multiple enzymes with different incubation and inactivating temperatures. We describe a short protocol for the digestion of circulating free DNA focused on its future adaptation to miniaturized microfluidic devices based on lab-on-a-chip technology.

Methods:
cfDNA was extracted from plasma samples of pregnant and non-pregnant women with chemagic Viral NA/gDNA and QIAamp circulating nucleic acids kits. For digestion protocol optimization, different methylation sensitive and insensitive restriction enzymes were used. Detection of RASSF1A, SRY and (β-actin) ACTB sequences was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:
The digestion protocol is optimized to a 3.5 h one-step protocol using the enzymes BstUI, BstY1 and HhaI resulting in a complete digestion of the hypomethylated maternal RASSF1A with a limit of digestion of 3.65E10 gene copies.

Conclusions:
This work provides a digestion protocol for cfDNA samples with a combination of temperatures (37 °C and 60 °C) and a protocol length (<4 h) which facilitates its adaptation to miniaturized microfluidic devices based on lab-on-a-chip technology. In this technology, the shorter the duration of the protocol, the greater the rate of success and the less sample evaporation.
Longitudinal changes in leptin and adiponectin concentrations through uncomplicated pregnancy
Authors: Pijanović Marina , Stefanović Aleksandra , Miljković Milica , Marić-Krejović Snežana , Spasić Slavica 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background:
Leptin and adiponectin play an important role during normal gestation; they are implicated in energy metabolism, glucose utilization and inflammation. Osteocalcin is released into circulation during bone formation; it also affects glucose metabolism by regulating insulin secretion and sensitivity, possibly mediated by adiponectin. The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal changes of leptin and adiponectin in pregnancy, and their associations with lipid profile, insulin and bone formation parameters in late pregnancy.

Methods:
Leptin, adiponectin, lipid status parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, osteocalcin and procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP) were measured in the sera of 38 healthy pregnant women. The samples were obtained in the 1st, 2nd, early and late 3rd trimester, and post-partum.

Results:
Leptin was significantly increased in the 3rd trimester. The decrease of adiponectin was significant only in postpartum. Osteocalcin and P1NP increased in the late 3rd trimester and postpartum. Leptin was significantly positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), uric acid, insulin, osteocalcin, P1NP and CRP in the 3rd trimester; adiponectin was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and negatively with BMI, glucose, osteocalcin, triglycerides and insulin. Multiple regression analysis showed that only HDL is independently associated with adiponectin.

Conclusions:
The results of our study suggest complex interactions of leptin and adiponectin with glucose, lipid and bone metabolism during pregnancy. Adiponectin might be part of the protective systems that counterbalance a transient proatherogenic state observed in pregnancy mainly by improving the HDL levels. The exact mechanisms and potential implications in pathological states of pregnancy remain unexplained and require further investigation.
Medical laboratory in autoimmunity 2017
Authors: Nydegger Urs E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
With big data algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) at stake the optimal assembly of the most appropriate lab assays selected to diagnose, treat and follow up patients suffering from well-delineated disease may get lost. The physician ordering a lab test, instead of asking for a good composition of screening tests is tempted to order a large number of assays, including genome sequencing hoping to find the diagnostic evidence for his/her patient at once. Four major specialities of medical laboratory assays, i.e. clinical chemistry, hematology, immunology and microbiology are embraced by genome sequencing techniques and have attained the degree of robotics, facilitating assays to such a degree, that the prescriber is free of concern as to how costly/complicated an investigation might become. Diagnostics with autoimmune diseases is not an exemption and autoantibody screening using multiplex assays or therapeutic drug monitoring to adjust treatments of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases is bound to become more and more informative even more so as the pharmacodynamics of modern pharmaceutical agents are explored. As the most appropriate therapeutical agents to monitor in the lab, biological response modifiers, immunosuppressants and monoclonal antibodies are at the forefront and we need to explore their efficacy and side effect profiles not only using phase III clinical studies but also by using postmarketing surveillance. Behind the profiles provided by big data and artificial intelligence, the therapeutically-induced regained immune balance can thus be traced to the single best lab assay. The next decade promises a series of new assays, e.g. inflammasome profiles, lymphocyte markers by fluorescence activated cell sorters as well as single cell secretome analysis.
Parameters characterizing the charge state of dielectrics
Authors: Łowkis Bożena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper presents three physical sources of the electric field in dielectrics: excess free volume charges with the distribution qv(x,y,z), free surface charges with the distribution qs(x,y,z) and frozen polarization state in the dielectric. They have a deciding influence on the parameters of the electret, in particular they determine the total lifetime of the electret and technical components made of it. The indeterminacy related to the mutual proportions of the spatial and surface charges was discussed: one can find an infinite number of distributions of surface qse(x,y,z) and spatial qve(x,y,z) charges leading to the same distribution of the electric field E(x,y,z). A general case of electret was considered, where a coexistence of relaxation decay of frozen polarization and Maxwellian relaxation dependent on volume conductivity of the dielectric is assumed. An attempt to interpret the charge lifetime in real electrets was made.
Synthesis, growth and characterization of organic crystal triphenylmethane p-nitroaniline: a nonlinear optical crystal
Authors: Bhuvaneswari G. , Prasad L. Guru , Prabhavathi N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A triphenylmethane-4-nitroaniline salt has been synthesized and the crystals have been grown by using slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown single crystal was investigated by recording the powder XRD, FT-IR spectrum, UV-Vis spectrum, Vickers microhardness test, dielectric measurements and powder SHG. The growth of crystal was confirmed by analyzing the XRD pattern and it was stated that the grown material crystallized in triclinic system. Vibrational peaks of the functional groups existing in the compound were identified. Vickers microhardness studies were carried to measure the mechanical strength. In order to identify the phase transition temperature, the dielectric studies were carried out at different temperatures. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and impedance of the crystal were monitored with respect to the frequency of electric field.
Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-3-((4-bromophenyl)amino)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, C24H19BrN2O3
Authors: Lv Meng Lan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
C24H19BrN2O3, monoclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.1003(5) Å, b = 9.9785(6) Å, c = 12.9831(6) Å, α = 74.611(5)°, β = 76.063(4)°, γ = 64.264(5)°, V = 1013.17(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0467, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1259, T = 294 K.
The influence of doxazosin on the contractility of the urinary bladder in female pigs with experimentally induced cystitis
Authors: Markiewicz W. , Bossowska A. , Lepiarczyk E. , Majewski M. , Radziszewski P. , Wiśniewska A. , Jaroszewski J.J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present in vitro study investigated the influence of doxazosin on the contractility of the urinary bladder in female pigs with experimentally induced cystitis. Fifteen juvenile female piglets (18-20 kg body weight) were randomly assigned into three groups (n=5 animals each): i) control (clinically healthy animals, without doxazosin treatment), ii) animals with induced inflammation of the urinary bladder, but without doxazosin treatment (experimental group I) and iii) animals with inflamed bladder, treated orally with doxazosin (0.1 mg/kg body weight for 30 days; experimental group II). Thereafter, the pigs were sacrificed and strips of the bladder trigone were suspended in organ baths. The tension and amplitude of the smooth muscles was measured before and after exposition to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 10-6-10-4 M), acetylocholine (ACh; 10-5-10-3 M) and norepinephrine (NE; 10-9-10-7 M). 5-HT caused an increase in the tension of contractions in all the groups and the amplitude in the experimental groups, however, the effect was higher in the experimental group I than in group II as compared to that found in the pre-treatment period. ACh caused an increase in the tension in the control group and a decrease in the amplitude in both experimental groups; these changes significantly differed between the control and doxazosin-treated group. NE caused a decrease in the tension in both experimental groups and amplitude in all the groups, however, the effect was most strongly expressed in doxazosine-treated group. The present study has revealed that long-term administration of doxazosin causes a desensitization of the detrusor smooth muscle to in vitro applied mediators in the autonomic nervous system.
Relationship between pH of ruminal fluid during subacute ruminal acidosis and physiological response of the Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows
Authors: Stefańska B. , Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E. , Szczepankiewicz D. , Stajek K. , Stefański P. , Gehrke M. , Nowak W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ruminal fluid pH depression on biochemical indices of blood, urine, feces, and milk, and to determine which of them may be helpful as a marker for the diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Ruminal fluid samples were obtained by rumenocentesis from 305 cows representing 13 commercial dairy herds. The herds were selected based on percentages of cows with an assigned value of ruminal fluid pH segregated into three groups as: SARA-positive herd, if at least 25% of the ruminal fluid samples indicated a pH < 5.6; SARA-risk herd, if less than 25% of ruminal fluid samples indicated a pH < 5.6, but at least 33% showed a pH ≤ 5.8; and SARA-negative herd, if less than 25% of the ruminal fluid samples indicated a pH < 5.6, but less than 33% exhibited a pH = 5.8. Moreover, the dairy cows were divided according to the ruminal fluid pH into three groups as follows: healthy cows (HC, pH>5.80, n = 196), risk cows (RC, pH 5.8 - 5.6, n = 51), and acidotic cows (AC, pH < 5.6, n = 58). Almost 19% (58/305) of the cows were classified as acidotic (pH < 5.6) and 46.2% of the herds as SARA-positive. In the AC group, higher concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), rectal temperature and lower blood pH, compared with those of the HC group, were recorded. Moreover, in the SARA-positive herds, higher concentrations of IGF-I and the lowest blood pH, compared with SARA-negative herds, were observed. The lowering of ruminal fluid pH increased the blood IGF-I and NEFA concentrations and the rectal temperature and decreased the blood pH. These measures are indicators of the physiological changes that occur as part of the pathogenesis of the condition and may be helpful for the diagnosis of the SARA syndrome when serial measurements are conducted.
In vitro activity of some essential oils alone and in combination against the fish pathogen Nocardia seriolae
Authors: Ismail T.F. , Yoshida T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Microplate resazurin assay was applied to investigate the in vitro activity of four essential oils (EOs); cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oils against 80 clinical isolates of the fish pathogen Nocardia seriolae. The checkerboard test was then used to determine the possible synergistic effect of EOs combination against reference type strains of fish nocardiosis. All tested EOs had antibacterial activity against N. seriolae isolates. Among the tested EOs, cinnamon and thyme oils both exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with 5-160 and 10-160 μg/ml, respectively. The activities of lemongrass and tea tree EOs were noted to be less effective with MICs of 20-640 and 160->5120 μg/ml, respectively. The checkerboard panel of cinnamon-thyme EOs combination against N. seriolae ATCC43993 demonstrated a synergistic effect with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of 0.75. For N. salmonicida ATCC27463, the combination panel showed an additive effect with an FIC index of 1.0. For N. asteroides ATCC19247, the combination panel demonstrated an indifference effect with an FIC index of 1.125. These results indicate that thyme and cinnamon oils alone or the combination of them at a given ratio has a promising potent clinical significance in the treatment of fish nocardiosis. Despite the promising results given by our in vitro studies, the clinical benefits of these EOs combinations can only be determined through carefully designed in vivo experimental studies.
Assessment of genomic inbreeding in Polish Konik horses
Authors: Kamiński S. , Hering D.M. , Jaworski Z. , Zabolewicz T. , Ruść A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the inbreeding coefficient of Polish Konik horses based on runs of homozygosity (ROH). Ninety six horses kept in 6 herds located across Poland were genotyped with the use of EquineSNP60 BeadChip (Illumina). SNP markers with a Minor Allele Frequency lower than 0.01 and SNPs assigned to chromosome X or Y were excluded from the study. A total of 50 708 SNPs were included for statistical analysis (SVS software, Golden Helix). The analysis showed that the population is in genetic equilibrium, with He and Ho estimates both equal to 0.3086. Seven categories of Runs of Homozygozity (ROH) length were defined: >0.5, >1, >2, >4, >8, >16, >25 Mb. The genomic inbreeding coefficient derived from ROH (FROH) calculated for each ROH length ranged from 15.96% based on the shortest ROH (>0,5Mb) to 2.71% for the longest ROH (>25Mb). Among individual horses, the inbreeding coefficient ranged from 5.25% to 22.41% (for ROH >1Mb). Analysis of ROH in Polish Koniks allows for more effective management of their inbreeding in the future.
Selected steps of swine ICSI method to overcome seasonal effect and achieve acceptable early embryonic development, a preliminary study
Authors: Tsakmakidis I.A. , Tsantarliotou M. , Michos I.A. , Basioura A.G. , Tsousis G. , Boscos C.M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Porcine intra cytoplasmic sperm injection’s (ICSI) efficacy by selected protocol steps was investigated. Three trials per year’s period (hot, medium, cold) were carried out. Only large size follicles (6-8mm) were aspirated, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test was performed and only the BCB+ oocytes were in vitro maturated (40h) and involved to ICSI process. The presumptive embryos were in vitro cultured (15h). Raw boar semen and SpermCatch® as slowing medium were used. No differences were observed between periods regarding early embryonic development and maturation competence. ICSI achieves acceptable porcine early embryonic development rates under the investigated conditions.
Neoadjuvant combination therapy with trastuzumab in a breast cancer patient with synchronous rectal carcinoma: a case report and biomarker study
Authors: Vitásková Denisa , Melichar Bohuslav , Bartoušková Marie , Vlachová Zuzana , Vrána David , Janková Jana , Adam Tomáš , Juráňová Jarmila , Zlámalová Nora , Kujovská Krčmová Lenka , Javorská Lenka , Klos Dušan , Študentová Hana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report a patient who presented with synchronous second primary human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2-positive breast cancer and rectal cancer that both required simultaneous neoadjuvant therapy. A modified regimen combining anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab with chemotherapy and external beam radiation was selected. An organ-preserving surgical procedure was possible both in the breast and the rectum. Citrulline decreased rapidly after the start of the treatment, and then gradually returned to pre-treatment levels after the completion of chemoradiation. Urinary neopterin concentrations exhibited a fluctuating course. Both serum neopterin and C-reactive protein concentrations were more or less stable during the initial administration of trastuzumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin and then increased steeply during chemoradiation and subsequently declined to pre-treatment levels during the weekly trastuzumab administration. Changes were observed in the serum retinol concentrations. A decline in lymphocyte counts was accompanied by marked changes in peripheral blood cell count-derived ratios. The present case report demonstrates a successful combination of two neoadjuvant regimens in a patient with two synchronous different second primary tumors. Data from this case also illustrate the use of biomarkers for monitoring of intensive therapeutic regimens in medical and radiation oncology.
Four Step Strategy for Implementing IPM in Libraries in Sri Lanka
Authors: Cabral Udaya Prasad , Querner Pascal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLibraries in tropical Sri Lanka have been suffering from insect infestation for a long time. Library insect pests are observed frequently and feed on books, paper, wooden shelves or building structures and make irreversible damages to the objects. Most librarians in the country struggle with this situation and are looking for long-term solutions to protect their objects. This paper illustrates a simple strategy, which could be applied in many libraries in Sri Lanka or other countries to eradicate pests. This strategy has been composed in the light of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). It consists of four steps: “Monitoring” is a regular check, which indicates the threat to the library from pests. During the second step, “identification”, the specific pests active are detected. “Treatment” can be divided in two subcategories: “immediate treatments” focusing on nonchemical and traditional methods to eradicate pests and “late treatment” denotes conservation treatment carried out in the paper laboratory. The final step is “prevention”, which includes all activities that help blocking and repelling pests from entering the library. This paper illustrates this four-step strategy with two examples for successful control of insect and fungal outbreak and can be applied in other libraries with similar problems and a low budget.
“Among the omitted stuff, there are many good remarks of a general nature” – On the Making of von Wright and Wittgenstein’s Culture and Value
Authors: Erbacher Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper uses archival material to contextualize Georg Henrik von Wright’s making of Vermischte Bemerkungen (Culture and Value), an edition that assembles Wittgenstein’s remarks on cultural topics. Von Wright was particularly interested in these remarks but initially regarded them as too detached from philosophy to be published. In 1967-68, however, he began seeing socio-political questions as belonging to philosophy. He then resumed editing Wittgenstein’s ‘general remarks’ and published them in 1977. Von Wright did not read Culture and Value as a philosophical work, but as a means for helping readers understand Wittgenstein in relation to his times. It is argued that the intention to provide documents enabling readers to recognize the historical Wittgenstein motivated much of von Wright’s work as one of Wittgenstein’s literary executors. Moreover, through making available his own archives, he inspired the same documentary approach to fathom the history of editing Wittgenstein in its historical context.
Absorption, emission, and schlieren imaging of liquid and gas flows using an LED and a webcam
Authors: Kiefer Johannes , Burg Lukas , Williamson Andrew P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The analysis and investigation of flow processes is a key task in many
science and engineering disciplines. In this context, optical
diagnostic methods represent versatile tools that allow the
determination of concentration, temperature, and flow velocity
fields. However, most of the established tools are based on
complicated and expensive equipment including advanced laser sources
and specialized cameras. In the present work, an alternative approach
employing low-cost components in terms of a commercial light-emitting
diode (LED) and a webcam is demonstrated. A single experimental setup
for emission, absorption, and schlieren imaging has been
assembled. Proof-of-concept measurements were carried out in flames
and a liquid mixing process. Two-color pyrometry of the thermal
radiation from soot particles was used for planar thermometry in
a candle flame. Schlieren imaging was employed to visualize the
refractive index and hence the temperature gradient in a premixed
welding torch butane/air flame. LED-absorption imaging was used to
study the mixing of ink and water. In conclusion, this work
demonstrates that advanced flow diagnostics can be performed at low
cost, which is of particular interest in teaching and training, where
expensive equipment may not be available.