bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutometric assessment of elasticity of skin with striae distensae following carboxytherapy
Authors: Podgórna Kasjana , Kołodziejczak Anna , Rotsztejn Helena 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of striae distensae. Additionally, discomfort and side effects associated with the treatment were assessed.Materials and methodsThis study involved 15 women aged 22‐40 years. They underwent 3 sessions of carboxytherapy at one‐week intervals. Treatment was performed in skin area within stretch marks located on stomach, buttocks, and thighs. Cutometric probe was used to evaluate skin elasticity. Four measurements were performed—immediately before each treatment and one month after the last session. Photographic documentation was made before and after a series of treatment to perform clinical evaluation of changes in skin condition.ResultsStatistical analysis of results obtained with the use of Cutometer (R2 and R8 parameters) demonstrated that carboxytherapy significantly improved skin elasticity within stretch marks (P < .05). The analysis of photographic documentation revealed 58% improvement in stretch mark visibility. The width and length of stretch marks decreased, and their color became more like the natural color of the skin. Carboxytherapy is associated with moderate pain/discomfort. The occurrence of hematoma is the main side effect of this procedure.ConclusionsCarboxytherapy seems to be an effective method of reducing stretch marks. This procedure is safe, and it can be performed without the risk of complications. Moreover, it does not require special postoperative convalescence. Photographic documentation is a method of assessment of aesthetic procedures effectiveness, which is complementary to other objective methods (eg, the use of MPA probes).
The barriers to the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia from the perspective of critical care nurses: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Atashi Vajihe , Yousefi Hojatollah , Mahjobipoor Hosein , Yazdannik Ahmadreza 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of Iranian critical care nurses on the barriers to ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention in intensive care units.BackgroundMost patients hospitalized in intensive care units need mechanical ventilation. One of the most prevalent and serious complications of mechanical ventilation is ventilator‐associated pneumonia. There are different barriers to the prevention of this kind of pneumonia.DesignQualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 23 critical care nurses were recruited via purposive sampling. Semi‐structured interviews were done for data collection. The interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed word by word, and analyzed using the inductive content analysis approach.ResultsThe barriers to the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia fell into three main categories, namely nurses’ limited professional competence, unfavorable environmental conditions, and passive human resource management. The 10 subcategories of these main categories were unfavorable professional attitude, limited professional knowledge, low job motivation, limited professional accountability, non‐standard physical structure, inadequate or inappropriate equipment, heavy workload, staff shortage, inadequate staff training, and ineffective supervision.ConclusionThe barriers to the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in intensive care units are very diverse and complex and include a wide range of interrelated personal, environmental, and organizational barriers.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study created a better understanding of the barriers to ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention. Moreover, highlighted the importance of sufficient resources, adequate staffing level, and contextually‐appropriate evidence‐based guidelines for effective ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention.
Platelet function monitoring for stent thrombosis in critically III patients with an acute Coronary syndrome
Authors: Tilemann Lisa , Mohr Sarah K. , Preusch Michael , Chorianopoulos Emanuel , Giannitsis Evangelos , Katus Hugo A. , Müller Oliver J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPatients after cardiac arrest or in cardiogenic shock due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at high risk for stent thrombosis (ST) and recurrent cardiovascular events after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). High post‐interventional platelet reactivity (HPR) might be an additional risk factor for ST in these critically ill patients.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2016, 401 critically ill patients from a cardiologic intensive care unit underwent platelet function testing after primary PCI using whole blood impedance aggregometry. After exclusion of patients with an abnormal platelet count, 357 patients have been included into the final analysis of this retrospective observational study.ResultsThe incidence of definite early ST was 19.2% in patients with HPR to P2Y12 antagonists and 1.2% in patients without HPR. Likewise, the incidence of early ST in patients with HPR to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was 21.4% versus 1.8% in patients without HPR. In contrast, the incidence of late ST or recurrent myocardial infarction in untreated lesions was not associated with HPR to ASA or P2Y12 antagonists.ConclusionsPlatelet function testing in critically ill ACS patients identified patients at high risk for early ST and might be beneficial for risk stratification.
Distinct factors determine the kinetics of disease relapse in adults transplanted for acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Craddock C. , Versluis J. , Labopin M. , Socie G. , Huynh A. , Deconinck E. , Volin L. , Milpied N. , Bourhis J. H. , Rambaldi A. , Chevallier P. , Blaise D. , Manz M. , Vellenga E. , Vekemans M‐C. , Maertens J. , Passweg J. , Vyas P. , Schmid C. , Löwenberg B. , Ossenkoppele G. , Mohty M. , Cornelissen J. J. , Nagler A. ,   for the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and HOVON‐SAKK
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDisease recurrence remains the major cause of death in adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treated using either intensive chemotherapy (IC) or allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT).AimsThe timely delivery of maintenance drug or cellular therapies represent emerging strategies with the potential to reduce relapse after both treatment modalities, but whilst the determinants of overall relapse risk have been extensively characterized the factors determining the timing of disease recurrence have not been characterized.Materials and MethodsWe have therefore examined, using a series of sequential landmark analyses, relapse kinetics in a cohort of 2028 patients who received an allo‐SCT for AML in CR1 and separately 570 patients treated with IC alone.ResultsIn the first 3 months after allo‐SCT, the factors associated with an increased risk of relapse included the presence of the FLT3‐ITD (P < 0.001), patient age (P = 0.012), time interval from CR1 to transplant (P < 0.001) and donor type (P = 0.03). Relapse from 3 to 6 months was associated with a higher white cell count at diagnosis (P = 0.001), adverse‐risk cytogenetics (P < 0.001), presence of FLT3‐ITD mutation (P < 0.001) and time interval to achieve first complete remission (P = 0.013). Later relapse was associated with adverse cytogenetics, mutated NPM1, absence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and the use of in vivo T‐cell depletion. In patients treated with IC alone, the factors associated with relapse in the first 3 months were adverse‐risk cytogenetics (P < 0.001) and FLT3‐ITD status (P = 0.001). The factors predicting later relapse were the time interval from diagnosis to CR1 (P = 0.22) and time interval from CR1 to IC (P = 0.012).Discussion and ConclusionTaken together, these data provide novel insights into the biology of disease recurrence after both allo‐SCT and IC and have the potential to inform the design of novel maintenance strategies in both clinical settings.
Decreased Signal Intensity Ratio on MRA Reflects Misery Perfusion on SPECT in Patients with Intracranial Stenosis
Authors: Miura Masatomo , Nakajima Makoto , Fujimoto Akiko , Shiraishi Shinya , Liebeskind David S. , Ando Yukio 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAcetazolamide reactivity on 123I‐IMP SPECT is used to detect misery perfusion due to intracranial atherosclerosis. Noninvasive fractional flow assessed by signal intensity ratio (SIR) on time of flight‐magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA) might offer a feasible alternative to identify high‐risk intracranial stenosis.METHODSData from consecutive patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis who underwent both TOF‐MRA and acetazolamide reactivity on 123I‐IMP SPECT were retrospectively analyzed. Signal intensity was measured in the background and on the MCA proximal and distal to the stenotic lesion on TOF‐MRA. Mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) at rest and cerebrovascular reactivity were measured in the target MCA territory. CBF patterns of the MCA were divided into three groups (Powers’ stage 0‐II).RESULTSA total of 56 sets of diagnostic imaging in 33 patients were assessed. Four CBF patterns were stage II in four MCA territories, stage I in 31, and stage 0 in 21. Median SIR of the MCA was .53 (interquartile range .46‐.69) for stage II, .78 (.63‐.90) for stage I, and .91 (.85‐.95) for stage 0. The optimal cutoff for SIR obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to predict stage II was < .56.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with unilateral MCA stenosis, decreased SIR was correlated with misery perfusion, providing a simpler, widely available predictor of high‐risk intracranial stenosis.
The effectiveness of interventions using relaxation therapy to improve breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Mohd Shukri Nurul Husna , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Fewtrell Mary 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMaternal psychological state is recognised to influence lactation success, largely by affecting milk ejection. Thus, increased psychological distress can disrupt milk flow and in the long‐term, affect milk synthesis. Conversely, it is possible that milk ejection could be improved by using relaxation therapy during breastfeeding. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using relaxation therapy to improve breastfeeding outcomes and to assess the consequent impact(s) on infant growth and behaviour. A literature search was performed using the PRISMA guidelines where we included intervention studies (including nonrandomised controlled studies) using relaxation therapy in breastfeeding mothers during the post‐natal period. Out of 147 identified records at the initial search, 5 studies were eligible, of which 3 were randomised controlled trials and 2 were nonrandomised or quasi‐experimental studies. These studies were conducted in Europe, America, and India and included 311 mother–infant pairs, of which 64 infants were full‐term and 247 were premature infants. Relaxation therapy was shown to increase milk yield in mothers of preterm infants in 2 randomised trials, however, the milk sampling protocol for these studies could be questioned. None of the studies investigated the consequent effects on infant outcomes. Overall, limited evidence was found on the effectiveness of relaxation therapy on breast milk composition and infant outcomes. Experimental studies with better standardisation of protocol and robust methodological design are needed to investigate the effectiveness of relaxation therapy on both breastfeeding and infant growth and behavioural outcomes.
Protective role of the HOG pathway against the growth defect caused by impaired biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yamaguchi Yutaro , Katsuki Yuka , Tanaka Seiya , Kawaguchi Ryotaro , Denda Hiroto , Ikeda Takuma , Funato Kouichi , Tani Motohiro 
Published: December 2017

SummaryComplex sphingolipids play critical roles in various cellular events in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To identify genes that are related to the growth defect caused by disruption of complex sphingolipid biosynthesis, we screened for suppressor mutations and multicopy suppressor genes that confer resistance against repression of AUR1 encoding inositol phosphorylceramide synthase. From the results of this screening, we found that the activation of high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway is involved in suppression of growth defect caused by impaired biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids. Furthermore, it was found that transcriptional regulation via Msn2, Msn4 and Sko1 is involved in the suppressive effect of the HOG pathway. Lack of the HOG pathway did not enhance the reductions in complex sphingolipid levels or the increase in ceramide level caused by the AUR1 repression, implying that the suppressive effect of the HOG pathway on the growth defect is not attributed to restoration of impaired biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids. On the contrary, the HOG pathway and Msn2/4‐mediated transcriptional activation was involved in suppression of aberrant reactive oxygen species accumulation caused by the AUR1 repression. These results indicated that the HOG pathway plays pivotal roles in maintaining cell growth under impaired biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids.
Familial tauopathy with P364S MAPT mutation: clinical course, neuropathology and ultrastructure of neuronal tau inclusions
Authors: Štrafela P. , Pleško J. , Magdič J. , Koritnik B. , Zupan A. , Glavač D. , Bresjanac M. , Popović M. 
Published: December 2017

AimsThis report presents the clinical course, neuropathology and ultrastructure of neuronal tau inclusions of four Slovene relatives with P364S MAPT mutation.MethodsThe clinical history of three out of four P364S MAPT mutation carriers was taken. After formalin fixation, thorough sampling of the central nervous system was followed by paraffin embedding, H&E, Gallyas, Bielschowsky and immunostaining with AT8, anti‐3R, anti‐4R tau, anti‐amyloid‐β, anti‐TDP43 and anti‐alpha‐synuclein antibodies. The distribution and density of different types of neuronal tau inclusions were semiquantitatively assessed. In addition, the ultrastructure of neuronal tau inclusions was analysed.ResultsMacroscopic examination of the brains was unremarkable. Microscopically, neuronal tau inclusions of almost all known types were widespread and distributed fairly uniformly in all cases. Pick bodies and swollen neurones were found in only one family member. Mutant tau was composed of 3R and 4R isoforms, with a slight predominance of 3R tau. Composite neuronal tau inclusion (CNTI), found in all four relatives, was a hallmark of the P364S MAPT mutation. CNTI showed compartmental differences in H&E and Gallyas staining, tau isoforms immunolabelling and ultrastructure, displaying fuzzy fibrils in the core and paired twisted tubules at the periphery.ConclusionsP364S MAPT mutation is characterized clinically by a variable combination of frontotemporal dementia, parkinsonism and motor neurone disease of short duration, and neuropathologically by a widespread uniform distribution of all known neuronal tau inclusions in one family member. Two‐compartment CNTI is a unique characteristic of the P364S MAPT mutation.
Temporomandibular joint positional change accompanies post‐surgical mandibular relapse—A long‐term retrospective study among patients who underwent mandibular advancement
Authors: Miao M. Z. , Wang B. , Wu D. , Zhang S. , Wong S. , Shi O. , Hu A. , Mao L. , Fang B. 
Published: December 2017

Structured AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the relationship between follow‐up temporomandibular joint positional change and mandibular stability among patients who had orthognathic and orthodontic treatment for a skeletal Class II malocclusion.MethodsThirty‐seven patients who underwent 2‐jaw surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy and genioplasty with rigid internal fixation) were included with an average follow‐up length of 8.10 ± 2.06 years. They were categorized into a stable and unstable group according to follow‐up mandibular change in the sagittal direction. Temporomandibular joint spaces were measured on serial magnetic resonance images, prior to orthodontic treatment (T0), upon completion of orthodontic treatment following surgery (T1), and at least 5 years post‐completion of the treatment (T2).ResultsWhile the maxillary position was stable during the follow‐up period, the mandibular positional change was statistically significant (the relapse amount was −0.81 ± 1.52 mm at B point). An increase in the anterior joint space and superior joint space was found to correlate with the follow‐up mandibular backward movement.ConclusionsPatients who underwent orthognathic and orthodontic treatment to correct mandibular retrognathism displayed follow‐up mandibular relapse in the sagittal direction. The relapse is accompanied by condylar positional change.
Reflection in the training of nurses in clinical practice settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Schumann Scheel Linda , Peters Micah D.J. , Meinertz Møbjerg Anna Christine 
Published: December 2017

Review question/objective
This scoping review will seek to find answers for the following questions which will focus on the use of reflection in the education of nurses in clinical settings:1. What tools and approaches for reflection have been reported?2. What “levels” of reflection have been achieved/identified (“low”/descriptive, “middle”/application, or “high”/evaluative)3. What outcomes of reflection have been included/reported?

The review will also extract and map data regarding: i) what outcomes have been found in relation to the use of different tools and approaches (e.g. dialogues, diaries, case studies); ii) how approaches and tools have been implemented as interventions; iii) details of the topic or focus of reflection (e.g. ethical issues, care of older adults etc.); iv) details about the participants involved in reflection activities (e.g. first or second year undergraduate nursing students etc.); and v) barriers/challenges to the use of reflection approaches/tools. Additional details may also be extracted and mapped during the process of the scoping review and this will be explained in the final scoping review report.
Acute oxygen sensing by the carotid body: a rattlebag of molecular mechanisms
Authors: Rakoczy Ryan J. , Wyatt Christopher N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe molecular underpinnings of the oxygen sensitivity of the carotid body Type I cells are becoming better defined as research begins to identify potential interactions between previously separate theories. Nevertheless, the field of oxygen chemoreception still presents the general observer with a bewildering array of potential signalling pathways by which a fall in oxygen levels might initiate Type I cell activation. The purpose of this brief review is to address five of the current oxygen sensing hypotheses: the lactate–Olfr 78 hypothesis of oxygen chemotransduction; the role mitochondrial ATP and metabolism may have in chemotransduction; the AMP‐activated protein kinase hypothesis and its current role in oxygen sensing by the carotid body; reactive oxygen species as key transducers in the oxygen sensing cascade; and the mechanisms by which H2S, reactive oxygen species and haem oxygenase may integrate to provide a rapid oxygen sensing transduction system. Over the previous 15 years several lines of research into acute hypoxic chemotransduction mechanisms have focused on the integration of mitochondrial and membrane signalling. This review places an emphasis on the subplasmalemmal–mitochondrial microenvironment in Type I cells and how theories of acute oxygen sensing are increasingly dependent on functional interaction within this microenvironment.
image
Firearms and accidental deaths: Evidence from the aftermath of the Sandy Hook school shooting
Authors: Levine Phillip B. , McKnight Robin 
Published: December 2017

One cause of accidental deaths
The number of accidental deaths involving a firearm might be expected to correlate with the number of firearms, but claims that a causal relationship exists have not been persuasive (see the Policy Forum by Cook and Donohue). The 2012 mass shooting at an elementary school in the eastern United States resulted in the deaths of 20 children. Levine and McKnight used the random timing of this event and the subsequent increase in gun purchases (as recorded by an increased number of background checks) to show that the increased exposure to guns resulted in ∼60 accidental deaths.

Science
, this issue p.
1324
see also p.
1259
Updated birth weight centiles for England and Wales
Authors: Norris Tom , Seaton Sarah E , Manktelow Brad N , Baker Philip N , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Field David , Draper Elizabeth S , Smith Lucy K 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesConstruct updated birth weight-for-gestational age centile charts for use in the UK and compare these to the currently used UK-WHO charts.DesignSecondary analysis of national birth data.ParticipantsCentiles were constructed using 1 269 403 singleton births occurring in England and Wales in 2013–2014 as part of the MBRRACE-UK national perinatal surveillance programme. These were then validated using 642 737 singleton births occurring in England and Wales in 2015.Main outcome measuresSex-specific birth weight-for-gestational age centiles. Centiles were created using the lambda-mu-sigma method via the GAMLSS package in R. This method transforms the skewed birth weight distribution to approximate a normal distribution, allowing any birth weight centile to be produced.ResultsThe new centiles performed well in the validation sample, with the observed and expected proportion of births below a given centile in agreement. Overall, driven by the predominance of term births, the UK-WHO charts classify a smaller proportion of infants as below a given centile. For example, the UK-WHO estimates classified only 1.32% (8035/606 430) of term infants born in 2015 as below the second centile, compared with 1.97% (11 975/606 430) using the new MBRRACE-UK centiles. At the earliest gestational ages, however, the opposite is observed, with the UK-WHO classifying a larger proportion of infants as below a given centile, particularly at the lower end of the birthweight distribution.ConclusionsWe have constructed and validated updated birth weight-for-gestational age centiles using a contemporary sample of births occurring in England and Wales. The benefits of these updated centiles will be first to assist the national surveillance of perinatal mortality programme by improving the identification of the proportion of stillbirths and neonatal deaths affected by intrauterine growth restriction and, second, to aid clinicians by more accurately identifying babies who require increased monitoring in the period immediately following birth.