bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Assisted Addition of a Nitrate Anion to Bis(oxy)enamines. A General Approach to the Synthesis of α‐Nitroxy‐oxime Derivatives from Nitronates.
Authors: Naumovich Yana A. , Buckland Victoria Emily , Sen'ko Dmitry A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Khoroshutina Yulia A. , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. , Ioffe Sema L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe method offers access to various cyclic and acyclic α‐nitroxy‐oxime derivatives which are obtained starting from bis(oxy)enamines which may be prepared in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Scalable, Metal‐ and Additive‐Free, Photoinduced Borylation of Haloarenes and Quaternary Arylammonium Salts.
Authors: Mfuh Adelphe M. , Doyle John D. , Chhetri Bhuwan , Arman Hadi D. , Larionov Oleg V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA simple, metal‐ and additive‐free photochemical protocol for preparation of aryl boronic acids is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Sesquiterpenoids from the Shed Trunk Barks of the Critically Endangered Plant Abies beshanzuensis and Their Bioactivities.
Authors: Hu Chang‐Ling , Xiong Juan , Li Ji‐Yang , Gao Li‐Xin , Wang Wen‐Xuan , Cheng Ke‐Jun , Yang Guo‐Xun , Li Jia , Hu Jin‐Feng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBoth beshanzuenones A (Ia) and B (Ib) show considerable activity against the H3N2 virus, whereas beshanzuenones C (IIa) and D (IIb) exhibit significant inhibition on the human PTP1B enzyme.
Alkali Niobate and Tantalate Perovskites as Alternative Photocatalysts
Authors: Zlotnik Sebastian , Tobaldi David M. , Seabra Paula , Labrincha João A. , Vilarinho Paula M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlkali tantalates and niobates are listed as important photocatalysts for the development of renewable energy technologies and environmental remediation. Herein, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution by using highly crystalline particles with perovskite‐like structures, LiTaO3, LiNbO3, NaTaO3, NaNbO3, KNbO3, and KTaO3, is investigated. It is demonstrated that ferroelectric KNbO3 is the most efficient photocatalyst of those tested because it combines an electronic band structure that can respond successfully to UVA light with a relatively high surface energy that enhances the catalytic properties. Additionally, the built‐in electric field due to internal polarization of ferroelectric particles may contribute to the unique properties of this functional photocatalyst. This work provides an ideal platform for the rational design of more efficient ferroelectric‐based photocatalytic devices.
Slow carbon and nutrient accumulation in trees established following fire exclusion in the southwestern United States
Authors: Kaye Jason P. , Kaye Margot W. , Hart Stephen C. , Covington W. Wallace , Fulé Peter Z. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIncreasing tree density that followed fire exclusion after the 1880s in the southwestern United States may have also altered nutrient cycles and led to a carbon (C) sink that constitutes a significant component of theU.S.C budget. Yet, empirical data quantifying century‐scale changes in C or nutrients due to fire exclusion are rare. We used tree‐ring reconstructions of stand structure from five ponderosa pine‐dominated sites from across northern Arizona to compare live tree C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) storage between the 1880s and 1990s. Live tree biomass in the 1990s contained up to three times more C, N, and P than in 1880s. However, the increase in C storage was smaller than values used in recentU.S.C budgets. Furthermore, trees that had established prior to the 1880s accounted for a large fraction (28–66%) of the C, N, and P stored in contemporary stands. Overall, our century‐scale analysis revealed that forests of the 1880s were on a trajectory to accumulate C and nutrients in trees even in the absence of fire exclusion, either because growing conditions became more favorable after the 1880s or because forests in the 1880s included age or size cohorts poised for accelerated growth. These results may lead to a reduction in the C sink attributed to fire exclusion, and they refine our understanding of reference conditions for restoration management of fire‐prone forests.
Inferential and forward projection modeling to evaluate options for controlling invasive mammals on islands
Authors: Anderson D. P. , McMurtrie P. , Edge K.‐A. , Baxter P. W. J. , Byrom A. E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSuccessful pest‐mammal eradications from remote islands have resulted in important biodiversity benefits. Near‐shore islands can also serve as refuges for native biota but require ongoing effort to maintain low‐pest or pest‐free status. Three management options are available in the presence of reinvasion risk: (1) control‐to‐zero density, in which immigration may occur but reinvaders are removed; (2) sustained population suppression (to relatively low numbers); or (3) no action. Biodiversity benefits can result from options one and two. The management challenge is to make evidence‐based decisions on the selection of an appropriate objective and to identify a financially feasible control strategy that has a high probability of success. This requires understanding the pest species population dynamics and how it will respond to a range of potential management strategies, each with an associated financial cost. We developed a two‐stage modeling approach that consisted of (1) Bayesian inferential modeling to estimate parameters for a model of pest population dynamics and control, and (2) a forward projection model to simulate a range of plausible management scenarios and quantify the probability of obtaining zero density within four years. We applied the model to an ongoing, six‐year trapping program to control stoats (Mustela erminea) on Resolution Island, New Zealand. Zero density has not yet been achieved. Results demonstrate that management objectives were impeded by a combination of a highly fecund population, insufficient trap attractiveness, and a substantial proportion of the population that did not enter traps. Immigration is known to occur because the founding population arrived on the island by swimming from the mainland. However, immigration rate during this study was indistinguishable from zero. The forward projection modeling showed that control‐to‐zero density was feasible but required greater than a two‐fold budget increase to intensify the trapping rate relative to population growth. The two‐stage modeling provides the foundation for a management program in which broad‐scale trials of additional trapping effort or improved trap lures would test model predictions and increase our understanding of system dynamics.
Performance Evaluation of a Platinum‐Free Microscale Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Operating for Long Periods
Authors: Miller Hamish A. , Wang Lianqin , Bellini Marco , Filippi Jonathan , Marchionni Andrea , Folliero Maria G. , Lavacchi Alessandro , Pagliaro Maria V. , Vizza Francesco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDirect fuel cells such as those fed with ethanol (DEFCs) that employ anion exchange membranes can use non‐platinum catalysts, which greatly reduces their system costs. In this study, we describe a passive air‐breathing monoplanar alkaline DEFC equipped with a nanostructured carbon‐supported anode (Pd) and cathode (FeCo) electrocatalysts. This DEFC was able to supply up to 30 mW cm−2 of peak electrical power density and was able to provide an almost constant amount of power at 1 mA cm−2 load for 3 months at room temperature. After such long periods of functioning at constant load, no degradation (physical or electrochemical) of the Pd‐based anode catalyst was observed.
Spatial and temporal variability of temperature, precipitation, and streamflow in upper Sang‐kan basin, China
Authors: Zhang L. , Karthikeyan R. , Bai Z. , Wang J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTemporal streamflow variability in an inland hydrologic station and temporal trends and frequency changes at three weather stations in a semiarid river basin located in Loess Plateau, China, were detected by using linear regression, Mann–Kendall analysis, and wavelet transform methods. Double cumulative curve and ordered clustering were used to identify the hydrological periods of upper Sang‐kan (USK) basin between 1957 and 2012. The results indicate that (1) precipitation in the USK basin over the study period did not show any trend, while the temperature showed a significant increase; (2) streamflow flowing out of the USK basin indicated a significant decrease; (3) two distinct hydrological periods – the ‘natural period’ from 1957 to 1984 and the ‘human impact period’ from 1985 to 2012 – were present; and (4) the contributions of climate change and human activities to reduce the streamflow were 36.9% and 63.1% respectively. The results indicate that human activities may be contributing to a decrease in streamflow in the USK basin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amalgamated Reference Data for Size-Adjusted Bone Densitometry Measurements in 3598 Children and Young Adults—the ALPHABET Study
Authors: Crabtree Nicola J , Shaw Nicholas J , Bishop Nicholas J , Adams Judith E , Mughal M Zulf , Arundel Paul , Fewtrell Mary S , Ahmed S Faisal , Treadgold Laura A , Högler Wolfgang , Bebbington Natalie A , Ward Kate A ,   on behalf of the ALPHABET Study Team
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

The increasing use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children has led to the need for robust reference data for interpretation of scans in daily clinical practice. Such data need to be representative of the population being studied and be “future-proofed” to software and hardware upgrades. The aim was to combine all available pediatric DXA reference data from seven UK centers to create reference curves adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and body size to enable clinical application, using in vivo cross-calibration and making data back and forward compatible. Seven UK sites collected data on GE Lunar or Hologic Scanners between 1996 and 2012. Males and females aged 4 to 20 years were recruited (n = 3598). The split by ethnic group was white 2887; South Asian 385; black Afro-Caribbean 286; and mixed heritage 40. Scans of the total body and lumbar spine (L1 to L4) were obtained. The European Spine Phantom was used to cross-calibrate the 7 centers and 11 scanners. Reference curves were produced for L1 to L4 bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) and total body less head (TBLH) and L1 to L4 areal bone mineral density (aBMD) for GE Lunar Prodigy and iDXA (sex- and ethnic-specific) and for Hologic (sex-specific). Regression equations for TBLH BMC were produced using stepwise linear regression. Scans of 100 children were randomly selected to test backward and forward compatibility of software versions, up to version 15.0 for GE Lunar and Apex 4.1 for Hologic. For the first time, sex- and ethnic-specific reference curves for lumbar spine BMAD, aBMD, and TBLH aBMD are provided for both GE Lunar and Hologic scanners. These curves will facilitate interpretation of DXA data in children using methods recommended in ISCD guidelines. The databases have been created to allow future updates and analysis when more definitive evidence for the best method of fracture prediction in children is agreed. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Electro‐generation of NaOH–H2SO4 and simultaneous degradation of Acid orange 7 fromNa2SO4‐containing wastewater by Ti/IrO2 electrodes
Authors: Feng Jinxi , Lan Shenyu , Yao Chunyang , Xiong Ya , Tian Shuanghong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDElectro‐generation of NaOH and H2SO4 with organic compound‐free Na2SO4 wastewater has been known for many years, but actually, lots of Na2SO4 wastewater contains organic pollutants, such as black liquor, dyeing and sulphonating wastewater etc., therefore, there is a strong demand for investigations on performance and effect of the organic pollutants in electrochemically splitting Na2SO4 into H2SO4 and NaOH from these wastewaters.RESULTSCo‐electrolysis of Na2SO4 (1.13 mol L−1) and AO7 (50 ∼ 500 mg L−1) was investigated in a diaphragm cell with IrO2‐coated Ti electrodes. It was found that the concentrations of the resulting NaOH and H2SO4 could remain at about 0.73 mol L−1 and 0.36 mol L−1, respectively, although the COD removal was increased from 50.3 mg L−1 to 166.3 mg L−1 with the increase of AO7 concentration, for 120 min.CONCLUSIONIn a diaphragm cell with IrO2‐coated Ti electrodes, NaOH and H2SO4 could be effectively generated, and simultaneously, AO7 could also be degraded for the wastewater containing Na2SO4 and AO7. Interestingly, the electro‐generation of NaOH and H2SO4 was not significantly affected by the occurrence and degradation of AO7 in the range 0–500 mg L−1. The phenomenon of constant acid–base yield contributed to the independence of the main acid‐generating reactions on the electro‐oxidation of AO7. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Transport properties and morphology of CHI/PSS multilayered microfiltration membranes for the low pressure filtration of amino acids
Authors: Mathew Jissy , Gopalakrishnan Akhil , Aravindakumar Charuvila T , Aravind Usha K 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs amino acids provide a green feedstock for the synthesis of chemicals, their isolation through low energy route sounds encouraging.RESULTSThe changes in the permeation characteristics of microfiltration (MF) membranes with the deposition of a few bilayers of chitosan (CHI) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) for the low pressure filtration (∼0.69 bar) of selected amino acids glycine, histidine, lysine and aspartic acid is reported here. Glycine, with minimal electrostatic interaction with the multilayer film, is almost completely transmitted. Among the basic amino acids, lysine was isolated to a larger extent at both pI (pH 9.5, 7 bilayer, 67.8%) and below pI (pH 5, 7 bilayer, 96.4%). Aspartic acid was also isolated at both feed pHs (pH 5, 93.6%). Donnan effects operate in a different manner in both cases. At pH 5, lysine is adsorbed to the membrane as counter ions, whereas aspartic acid is excluded as co‐ion from the film. The morphological features of membranes are illustrated through histogram, skewness, and Minkowski measures using AFM.CONCLUSIONSThe present study brings forward the possibility of cutting down the filtration pressure to a lower value for the isolation of small molecules like amino acids by water based coating of a few bilayers on MF membranes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
An epitope‐imprinted piezoelectric diagnostic tool for Neisseria meningitidis detection
Authors: Gupta Neha , Shah Kavita , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeisseria meningitidis, a human‐specific bacterial pathogen causes bacterial meningitis by invading the meninges (outer lining) of central nervous system. It is the polysaccharide present on the bacterial capsid that distinguishes various serogroups of N. meningitidis and can be utilized as antigens to elicit immune response. A computational approach identified candidate T‐cell epitopes from outer membrane proteins Por B of N. meningitidis (MC58): (273KGLVDDADI282 in loop VII and 170GRHNSESYH179 in loop IV) present on the exposed surface of immunogenic loops of class 3 outer membrane proteins allele of N. meningitidis. One of them, KGLVDDADI is used here for designing a diagnostic tool via molecularly imprinted piezoelectric sensor (molecularly imprinted polymer‐quartz crystal microbalance) for N. meningitidis strain MC58. Methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and azoisobutyronitrile were used as functional monomer, cross‐linker and initiator, respectively. The epitope can be simultaneously bound to methacrylic acid and fitted into the shape‐selective cavities. On extraction of epitope sequence from thus grafted polymeric film, shape‐selective and sensitive sites were generated on electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance crystal, ie, known as epitope imprinted polymers. Imprinting was characterized by atomic force microscopy images. The epitope‐imprinted sensor was able to selectively bind N. meningitidis proteins present in blood serum of patients suffering from brain fever. Thus, fabricated sensor can be used as a diagnostic tool for meningitis disease.
Spatial reconstruction of Scottish summer temperatures from tree rings
Authors: Rydval Miloš , Gunnarson Björn E. , Loader Neil J. , Cook Edward R. , Druckenbrod Daniel L. , Wilson Rob 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA detailed understanding of past temporal patterns and spatial expression of temperature variations is important to place recent anthropogenic climate change into a longer term context. In order to fill the current gap in our understanding of northwest European temperature variability, point‐by‐point principal component regression was used to reconstruct a spatial field of 0.5° temperature grids across Scotland. A sequence of reconstructions utilizing several combinations of detrending and disturbance correction procedures, and a selection of tree‐ring parameters [including ring width (RW), maximum latewood density (MXD) and blue intensity (BI)] was used in an evaluation of reconstruction skill. The high resolution of the reconstructed field serves also as a diagnostic tool to spatially assess the temperature reconstruction potential of local chronologies. Best reconstruction results, reaching calibration r2 = 65.8% and verification r2 = 63.7% in central Scotland over the 1901–1976 period, were achieved using disturbance‐corrected and signal‐free detrended RW chronologies merged with BI data after low‐pass (high‐pass) filtering the RW (BI) chronologies. Calibration and verification r2 > 50% was attained for central, north and east Scotland, >40% in west and northwest, and >30% in southern Scotland with verification of nearly all grids showing some reconstruction skill. However, the full calibration potential of reconstructions outside central Scotland was reduced either due to residual disturbance trends undetected by the disturbance correction procedure or due to other climatic or non‐climatic factors which may have adversely affected the strength of the climate signal.
The memory of ENSO revisited by a 2‐factor Gegenbauer process
Authors: Lustig Audrey , Charlot Philippe , Marimoutou Vêlayoudom 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis article specifies a multi‐factor long memory process, namely Gegenbauer process, particularly adapted for data with slow damping correlations and cyclical patterns, and explores the use of this representation in the inter‐annual climate variability range capture by indices of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The empirical results suggest that sea surface temperature (SST) indices are stationary long memory processes. It is found that the indices in the eastern and central Pacific exhibit different dynamics. The variability of the eastern equatorial Pacific SST indices (Niño 1 − 2 and Niño 3) is characterized by a large component of long‐memory behaviour associated with the quasi‐biennial and the semi‐annual frequency. In contrast, the variability of the central Pacific SST indices (Niño 3.4 and Niño 4) is characterized by a large component of long‐memory behaviour associated with the annual and the semi‐annual frequency. These results are consistent with recent studies that suggest that ENS0 SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific can be considered to consist of two processes. The use of Gegenbauer processes can be considered as an alternative competitive procedure in the analysis of cyclical long memory climatological time series from a different time series perspective.
Comparison of redox potential dynamics in a diked marsh soil: 1990 to 1993 versus 2011 to 2014
Authors: Dorau Kristof , Mansfeldt Tim 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs revealed by an earlier study, young diked marsh soils on the west coast of Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany) are characterized by pronounced redox potential (EH) dynamics. Since soil forming processes occur over a short period of time in these man‐made environments, the impact of pedogenesis on EH was examined by comparing the EH dynamics measured from November 1989 to October 1993 (weekly measurements) with those measured from November 2010 to October 2014 (hourly measurements) at the same study site in Polder Speicherkoog, Northern Germany. In addition, the necessity for high resolution EH measurements was assessed as well as the impact of climate change on EH. Redox potentials were determined in both monitoring campaigns with permanently installed platinum electrodes at 10, 30, 60, 100, and 150 cm soil depths. Soil properties were determined in November 1989 and in August 2013. In 24 years of soil formation, bulk density was demonstrated to increase by 28.5% and 33.3% in 10 and 20 cm depths, respectively, and the sulfide‐bearing Protothionic horizon lowered from 105 to 135 cm below surface level. Overall, EH dynamics were similar at all soil depths during both study periods with topsoil compaction not affecting EH. Annual alterations of EH were primarily driven by the variable climatic water balance (CWB) and by the corresponding water table (WT) fluctuations. These fluctuations resulted in occasional aeration of the subsoil and subsequent oxidation of sulfides. A forecast of CWB to 2100 predicts an intensified WT drawdown by elevated evapotranspiration rates that should amplify sulfide oxidation. To deduce the soil redox status on a seasonal or annual scale, readings taken at daily intervals are sufficient. To identify biogeochemical processes, it is necessary to monitor EH on an hourly basis because increases in EH values of up to 540 mV have been observed within a 24 hour period in temporarily waterlogged horizons.
Influence of boiling heat transfer and phase transformations on the deformation of a steel tube during quenching by impinging water jets
Authors: Devynck S. , Denis S. , Bellot J.‐P. , Benard T. , Gradeck M. 
Published: August 2016

To understand how tube bending occurs during the quenching by a water jet, an experimental device has been designed to measure heat transfer, tube bending and to visualize the hydrodynamics of the liquid jet during the cooling of a hot steel tube (grade: 42CrMo4, length: 500 mm, diameter: 76 mm, thickness: 6 mm). The bending resulting from the thermal gradients and phase transformations inside the tube is also measured all along its cooling. Knowing the heat transfer at the wall as a function of the wall surface temperature allowed us to compute the time evolution of temperature, phase transformations and deformations using SYSWELD code. This coupled analysis allows us to better understand why bending can occur in industrial processes.
Elevated FGF 21 in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Lovadi Emese , Csereklyei Márta , Merkli Hajnalka , FüLöp Krisztina , Sebők Ágnes , Karcagi Veronika , Komoly Sámuel , Pál Endre 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism. It is expressed in skeletal muscle and may be a sensitive and specific marker for mitochondrial diseases and other neuromuscular disorders. Methods: Serum FGF21 levels were determined in 71 human samples. Thirty patients with mitochondrial disease, 16 patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), 5 patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Results Serum FGF21 levels were significantly elevated in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and DM1 compared with patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, other types of mitochondrial diseases, and controls. In the mitochondrial disorder group, serum FGF21 levels were related to the number of ragged blue fibers. Significant insulin resistance was found in DM1 that might be responsible for FGF21 elevation. Conclusions FGF21 elevation may be associated with certain types of mitochondrial disease, and it is influenced by insulin resistance. Muscle Nerve 55: 564–569, 2017