bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple fresh fecal microbiota transplants induces and maintains clinical remission in Crohn’s disease complicated with inflammatory mass
Authors: He Zhi , Li Pan , Zhu Jianguo , Cui Bota , Xu Lijuan , Xiang Jie , Zhang Ting , Long Chuyan , Huang Guangming , Ji Guozhong , Nie Yongzhan , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming , Zhang Faming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe ancient Chinese medical literature, as well as our prior clinical experience, suggests that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could treat the inflammatory mass. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple fresh FMTs for Crohn’s disease (CD) complicated with intraabdominal inflammatory mass. The "one-hour FMT protocol" was followed in all patients. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with CD and related inflammatory mass by CT or MRI. All patients received the initial FMT followed by repeated FMTs every 3 months. The primary endpoint was clinical response (improvement and remission) and sustained clinical remission at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were improvement in size of phegmon/abscess based upon cross-sectional imaging and safety of FMT. 68.0% (17/25) and 52.0% (13/25) of patients achieved clinical response and clinical remission at 3 months post the initial FMT, respectively. The proportion of patients at 6 months, 12 months and 18 months achieving sustained clinical remission with sequential FMTs was 48.0% (12/25), 32.0% (8/25) and 22.7% (5/22), respectively. 9.5% (2/21) of patients achieved radiological healing and 71.4% (15/21) achieved radiological improvement. No severe adverse events related to FMT were observed. This pragmatic study suggested that sequential fresh FMTs might be a promising, safe and effective therapy to induce and maintain clinical remission in CD with intraabdominal inflammatory mass.
GdmRIII, a TetR Family Transcriptional Regulator, Controls Geldanamycin and Elaiophylin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces autolyticus CGMCC0516
Authors: Jiang MingXing , Yin Min , Wu ShaoHua , Han XiuLin , Ji KaiYan , Wen MengLiang , Lu Tao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGeldanamycin and elaiophylin are co-produced in several Streptomyces strains. However, the regulation of their biosynthesis is not fully understood yet. Herein the function of a TetR family regulator GdmRIII, which is located in the biosynthetic gene cluster of geldanamycin, was studied to understand the regulatory mechanism of geldanamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces autolyticus CGMCC0516. The production of geldanamycin decreased substantially in a ΔgdmRIII mutant and the yield of three compounds which were thought to be geldanamycin congeners greatly increased. Surprisingly, the structural elucidation of these compounds showed that they were elaiophylin and its analogues, which implied that GdmRIII not only played a positive regulatory role in the biosynthesis of geldanamycin, but also played a negative role in elaiophylin biosynthesis. GdmRIII affected the expression of multiple genes in both gene clusters, and directly regulated the expression of gdmM, gdmN, and elaF by binding to the promoter regions of these three genes. A conserved non-palindromic sequence was found among the binding sites of elaF. Our findings suggested that the biosynthetic pathways of geldanamycin and elaiophylin were connected through GdmRIII, which might provide a way for Streptomyces to coordinate the biosynthesis of these compounds for better adapting to environment changes.
Analysis of the super high‐speed permanent magnet generator under unbalanced load condition
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Tang Bingxia , Yu Wenfei , Yuan Shuai , Wu Jie , Yang Cunxiang , Cui Guangzhao 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the 117 kW, 60,000 r/min super high‐speed permanent magnet generator (SHSPMG) under unbalanced load condition is studied. First, the influence mechanism of the unbalanced load on the generator was revealed, and by using field‐circuit coupling method and at rated load, the current unbalance factor (CUF) was determined. Second, through the time‐stepping finite element method, the generator air‐gap flux was obtained and decomposed in virtue of the principle of Fourier transform. The influence of the unbalanced load on air‐gap flux was studied, and the eddy current loss and torque ripple with different CUFs were calculated and analysed. Finally, based on the calculation results of two‐dimensional transient electromagnetic field, the negative sequence current was extracted by using the symmetrical component method. The research showed that the harmonic content of air‐gap flux density increases when the generator is connected to unbalanced load, and the eddy current loss and the torque ripple increases with the increase of the load unbalance degree. The experimental platform was established and the test data were in good agreement with the model calculated results, which verified the correctness of the model. The research could provide some useful conclusions for the research of the SHSPMG.
The Utility of Sentinel Node Biopsy for Sinonasal Melanoma
Authors: Oldenburg Michael , Price Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Objective Report two positive sentinel node biopsies for sinonasal melanoma.
Design Retrospective review.
Setting Academic tertiary care center.
Participants Patients who underwent sentinel node biopsy for sinonasal melanoma between November 1, 2014 and November 1, 2015.
Main Outcome Measures Clinical course.
Results Two patients were identified. Patient 1 (83M) presented with a sinonasal melanoma anterior to the left inferior turbinate and was clinically N0 neck. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed two sentinel nodes in the ipsilateral and three in the contralateral cervical basins. The left level I sentinel node was positive for melanoma and lymphadenectomy showed no additional metastases.Patient 2 (71F) presented after incomplete resection of a sinonasal melanoma of the left posterior maxillary sinus wall and was clinically N0 neck. Lymphoscintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) localization revealed one sentinel node in the parapharyngeal space and another in the ipsilateral cervical basin. Metastatic melanoma was found in both nodes and completion lymphadenectomy was negative for additional disease.Both patients developed distant metastasis in less than 1 year after surgical resection but responded well to adjuvant immunomodulatory chemotherapeutic agents.
Conclusion Sentinel node biopsy for sinonasal melanoma can provide crucial clinical evidence of regional metastasis prior to overt clinical signs and symptoms. This intraoperative tool has the potential to improve detection of regional metastasis and improve long-term outcomes of this aggressive malignancy.
The “seeds” of charisma
Authors: Poggi Isabella 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Given its role in leaders’ persuasive skills, “charisma” is a relevant field for multimodal rhetoric. This chapter investigates Mussolini’s charisma in his speeches and multimodal communication. According to a socio-cognitive model, charisma is a set of a person’s internal features, manifested by external displays – words, voice, gestures, facial expression – that have an important role in persuasion since, triggering positive emotions, they induce others to pursue goals in a convinced, engaged, enthusiastic way. Various internal features that are the bulk of a speaker’s persuasiveness, such as imperiousness, categoricity, empathy, or creativity, are first identified in Mussolini’s words and speech acts. Then an annotation scheme of his multimodal communication is employed to identify how these features are displayed in Mussolini’s prosody, gestures, facial expressions, and posture. The analysis shows that their frequency and combination only rarely make up a “Benevolent” type of charisma, and more often shape an “Authoritarian-Threatening” and a “Proactive-Attractive” charisma.
A nonparametric significance test for sampled networks
Authors: Elliott Andrew , Leicht Elizabeth , Whitmore Alan , Reinert Gesine , Reed-Tsochas Felix 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Our work is motivated by an interest in constructing a protein–protein interaction network that captures key features associated with Parkinson’s disease. While there is an abundance of subnetwork construction methods available, it is often far from obvious which subnetwork is the most suitable starting point for further investigation.

Results
We provide a method to assess whether a subnetwork constructed from a seed list (a list of nodes known to be important in the area of interest) differs significantly from a randomly generated subnetwork. The proposed method uses a Monte Carlo approach. As different seed lists can give rise to the same subnetwork, we control for redundancy by constructing a minimal seed list as the starting point for the significance test. The null model is based on random seed lists of the same length as a minimum seed list that generates the subnetwork; in this random seed list the nodes have (approximately) the same degree distribution as the nodes in the minimum seed list. We use this null model to select subnetworks which deviate significantly from random on an appropriate set of statistics and might capture useful information for a real world protein–protein interaction network.

Availability and implementation
The software used in this paper are available for download at https://sites.google.com/site/elliottande/. The software is written in Python and uses the NetworkX library.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Comparison of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Properties in Ménière’s Disease Patients and Normal-Hearing Participants
Authors: Drexl Markus , Krause Eike , Gürkov Robert 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
Postmortem examination of temporal bones of Ménière’s disease patients consistently show dilated endolymphatic spaces of the inner ear, for which the term endolymphatic hydrops has been coined. During the past decade, magnetic resonance imaging techniques for the inner ear appeared, advancing the diagnosis of Ménière’s disease. They require, however, a field-strength of at least 3 T, are costly and not universally available. Alternative, noninvasive, cost-effective tests with high sensitivity and specifity for endolymphatic hydrops are desirable. In this study, we test the suitability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for endolymphatic hydrops detection. Previous measurements of the commonly recorded cubic DPOAEs mainly register cochlear hearing loss and are not specific for Ménière’s disease. Simultaneous recordings of cubic and quadratic DPOAEs might be more suitable to detect endolymphatic hydrops, because both DPOAE orders react differently to changes of the cochlear operating point as they might occur in Ménière’s disease patients.

Design:
Cubic and quadratic DPOAEs were recorded in normal-hearing participants (N = 45) and in the affected and unaffected ears of patients with a diagnosis of definite Ménière’s disease (N = 32). First, to assess the integrity of DPOAE-generating mechanisms, cubic DPOAE-grams were obtained with primary tone frequencies f
2 between 1 and 8 kHz with primary tone levels l
1 = 60 dB SPL and l
2 = 50 dB SPL, and a fixed primary tone frequency ratio of 1.22. Then, cubic and quadratic DPOAEs were simultaneously recorded with primary tone levels l
1 = l
2 = 65 dB SPL and at primary tone frequencies f
2 = 4 and 5 kHz, where f
1 was successively varied such that the ratio f
2
/f
1 ranged between 1.1 and 1.6 in 0.04 steps while quadratic and cubic DPOAE levels were extracted from the same recording.

Results:
Cubic DPOAEs were significantly reduced in the affected ears of Ménière’s disease patients, and slightly reduced in the unaffected ears of Ménière’s disease patients, relative to the ears of normal-hearing participants. In contrast, no significant changes could be seen in quadratic DPOAEs across the ears of normal-hearing participants and Ménière’s disease patients.

Conclusions:
We could identify a relatively good preservation of quadratic DPOAE levels in relation to a reduction of cubic DPOAE levels as a potential noninvasive diagnostic approach in the early stage of suspected Ménière’s disease. Future studies validating the differential diagnostic power of this parameter in control groups with nonhydropic forms of hearing loss are warranted.
Ophthalmic Timolol Hallucinations: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nanda Tavish , Rasool Nailyn , Callahan Alison B. , Stamper Robert L. , Odel Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
Systemic absorption and central nervous system (CNS) penetration of timolol drops are a well-studied phenomenon, resulting in common side effects such as bradycardia, bronchospasm, fatigue, and confusion. More serious CNS side effects, such as psychosis and depression, however, are rarely attributed to eye drops. We report a case series in which patients developed visual hallucinations secondary to topical ocular timolol use.

Methods:
This study is a case series and review of the literature.

Results:
Four patients with glaucoma developed visual hallucinations while using topical timolol. The patients were all elderly, caucasian females with associated CNS pathology. All patients had resolution of symptoms upon discontinuation and a positive retrial test to confirm the association.

Conclusions:
The rarity of this side effect and its anecdotal predilection for elderly, caucasian females with underlying neurological dysfunction, may involve a yet unknown predisposition or hypersensitivity to beta blocker action, such as blood brain barrier disruption leading to increased susceptibility to the medication. This case series highlights an important, although rare, side effect of this medication which clinicians should be aware of especially when using it in elderly patients who may have coexisting CNS pathology. It is important that this side effect be recognized and appropriately managed to prevent otherwise unnecessary investigations and treatment.
A Case of Bilateral Pigment Dispersion Syndrome Following Many Years of Uninterrupted Treatment With Atropine 1% for Bilateral Congenital Cataracts
Authors: Gizzi Corrado , Mohamed-Noriega Jibran , Murdoch Ian 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
Describe an unusual case of bilateral pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) following years of uninterrupted treatment with atropine 1% for bilateral congenital cataracts, speculate on potential mechanisms leading to this condition.

Design:
This is a case report.

Case:
A 45-year-old white patient on long-term treatment with atropine 1% ointment since his infancy for bilateral congenital cataracts developed PDS with secondary ocular hypertension.

Results:
The patient showed all the hallmarks of PDS with secondary ocular hypertension. An anterior segment Swept-Source optical coherence tomography was obtained to review the iris profile. The patient showed good pressure response to topical prostaglandin therapy.

Conclusions:
This is the second case report of PDS in a patient with chronic use of topical atropine. The proposed mechanisms for pigment dispersion are discussed and the possibility raised of dispersion being a potential side effect of the drug.
DRESS Syndrome: Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Corneli Howard M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
DRESS syndrome is a cutaneous and systemic drug reaction with severe complications and a long course that can be fatal. Recognition may be difficult, and the condition is just rare enough that clinicians will eventually see it but may not be familiar with it. This review will focus on key elements to help clinicians with the challenges of recognition and differential diagnosis.
Neural classifiers with limited connectivity and recurrent readouts
Authors: Kushnir Lyudmila , Fusi Stefano 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFor many neural network models in which neurons are trained to classify inputs like perceptrons, the number of inputs that can be classified is limited by the connectivity of each neuron, even when the total number of neurons is very large. This poses the problem of how the biological brain can take advantage of its huge number of neurons given that the connectivity is sparse. One solution is to combine multiple perceptrons together, as in committee machines. The number of classifiable random patterns would then grow linearly with the number of perceptrons, even when each perceptron has limited connectivity. However, the problem is moved to the downstream readout neurons, which would need a number of connections that is as large as the number of perceptrons. Here we propose a different approach in which the readout is implemented by connecting multiple perceptrons in a recurrent attractor neural network. We prove analytically that the number of classifiable random patterns can grow unboundedly with the number of perceptrons, even when the connectivity of each perceptron remains finite. Most importantly, both the recurrent connectivity and the connectivity of downstream readouts also remain finite. Our study shows that feed-forward neural classifiers with numerous long range afferent connections can be replaced by recurrent networks with sparse long range connectivity without sacrificing the classification performance. Our strategy could be used to design more general scalable network architectures with limited connectivity, which resemble more closely the brain neural circuits which are dominated by recurrent connectivity.
Allosteric Mechanism of theV. vulnificusAdenine Riboswitch Resolved by Four-dimensional Chemical Mapping
Authors: Tian Siqi , Kladwang Wipapat , Das Rhiju 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe structural interconversions that mediate the gene regulatory functions of RNA molecules may be different from classic models of allostery, but the relevant structural correlations have remained elusive in even intensively studied systems. Here, we present a four-dimensional expansion of chemical mapping called lock-mutate-map-rescue (LM2R), which integrates multiple layers of mutation with nucleotide-resolution chemical mapping. This technique resolves the core mechanism of the adenine-responsiveV. vulnificus addriboswitch, a paradigmatic system for which both Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) conformational selection models and non-MWC alternatives have been proposed. To discriminate amongst these models, we locked each functionally important helix through designed mutations and assessed formation or depletion of other helices via compensatory rescue evaluated by chemical mapping. These LM2R measurements give strong support to the pre-existing correlations predicted by MWC models, disfavor alternative models, and suggest additional structural heterogeneities that may be general across ligand-free riboswitches.
Does human primary motor cortex represent sequences of finger movements?
Authors: Yokoi Atsushi , Arbuckle Spencer A. , Diedrichsen Jörn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHuman primary motor cortex (M1) is an essential structure for the production of dexterous hand movements. While distinct sub-populations of neurons are activated during single finger movements, it remains unknown whether M1 also represents sequences of multiple finger movements. Using novel multivariate fMRI analysis techniques, we show here that even after 5 days of intense practice there was little or no evidence for a true sequence representation in M1. Rather, the activity patterns for sequences in M1 could be explained by linear combination of patterns associated with the constituent individual finger movements, with the strongest weight on the finger making the first response of the sequence. These results suggest that M1 only represents single finger movements, but receives increased input at the start of a sequence. In contrast, the reliable differences between different sequences in premotor and parietal areas could not be explained by a strong weighting of the first finger, supporting the view that these regions exhibit a true representation of sequences.
The Application of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Ultrasound for Modelling of Dynamic States within Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Cunningham Ryan J. , Harding Peter J. , Loram Ian D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper concerns the fully automatic directin vivomeasurement of active and passive dynamic skeletal muscle states using ultrasound imaging. Despite the long standing medical need (myopathies, neuropathies, pain, injury, ageing), currently technology (electromyography, dynamometry, shear wave imaging) provides no general, non-invasive method for online estimation of skeletal intramuscular states. Ultrasound provides a technology in which static and dynamic muscle states can be observed non-invasively, yet current computational image understanding approaches are inadequate. We propose a new approach in which deep learning methods are used for understanding the content of ultrasound images of muscle in terms of its measured state. Ultrasound data synchronized with electromyography of the calf muscles, with measures of joint torque/angle were recorded from 19 healthy participants (6 female, ages: 30 ± 7.7). A segmentation algorithm previously developed by our group was applied to extract a region of interest of the medial gastrocnemius. Then a deep convolutional neural network was trained to predict the measured states (joint angle/torque, electromyography) directly from the segmented images. Results revealed for the first time that active and passive muscle states can be measured directly from standard b-mode ultrasound images, accurately predicting for a held out test participant changes in the joint angle, electromyography, and torque with as little error as 0.022°, 0.0001V, 0.256Nm (root mean square error) respectively.
Antidiabetic “gliptins” affect biofilm formation byStreptococcus mutans
Authors: De Arpan , Pompilio Arianna , Francis Jenifer , Sutcliffe Iain C. , Black Gary W. , Lupidi Giulio , Petrelli Dezemona , Vitali Luca A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStreptococcus mutans, a dental caries causing odontopathogen, produces X-prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase (Sm-XPDAP, encoded bypepX), a serine protease known to have a nutritional role. Considering the potential of proteases as therapeutic targets in pathogens, this study was primarily aimed at investigating the role of Sm-XPDAP in contributing to virulence-related traits. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP IV), an XPDAP analogous enzyme found in mammalian tissues, is a well known therapeutic target in Type II diabetes. Based on the hypothesis that gliptins, commonly used as anti-human-DPP IV drugs, may affect bacterial growth upon inhibition of Sm-XPDAP, we have determined theirex vivoantimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity towardsS. mutans. All three DPP IV drugs tested reduced biofilm formation as determined by crystal violet staining. To link the observed biofilm inhibition to the human-DPP IV analogue present inS. mutansUA159, apepXisogenic mutant was generated. In addition to reduced biofilm formation, CLSM studies of the biofilm formed by thepepXisogenic mutant showed these were comparable to those formed in the presence of saxagliptin, suggesting a probable role of this enzyme in biofilm formation byS. mutansUA159. The effects of bothpepXdeletion and DPP IV drugs on the proteome were studied using LC-MS/MS. Overall, this study highlights the potential of Sm-XPDAP as a novel anti-biofilm target and suggests a template molecule to synthesize lead compounds effective against this enzyme.