bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on Cenozoic exhumation of the Tethyan Himalaya from fission‐track thermochronology and detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology in the Gyirong basin area, southern Tibet
Authors: Shen Tianyi , Wang Guocan , Leloup Philippe Hervé , van der Beek Peter , Bernet Matthias , Cao Kai , Wang An , Liu Chao , Zhang Kexin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Gyirong basin, southern Tibet, contains the record of Miocene‐Pliocene exhumation, drainage development, and sedimentation along the northern flank of the Himalaya. The tectonic controls on basin formation and their potential link to the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) are not well understood. We use detrital zircon (ZFT) and apatite (AFT) fission‐track analysis, together with detrital zircon U‐Pb dating to decipher the provenance of Gyirong basin sediments and the exhumation history of the source areas. Results are presented for nine detrital samples of Gyirong basin sediments (AFT, ZFT, and U‐Pb), two modern river‐sediment samples (ZFT and AFT), and six bedrock samples (ZFT) from transect across the Gyirong fault bounding the basin to the east. The combination of detrital zircon U‐Pb and fission‐track data demonstrates that the Gyirong basin sediments were sourced locally from the Tethyan Sedimentary Sequence. This provenance pattern indicates that deposition was controlled by the Gyirong fault, active since ~10 Ma, whose vertical throw was probably < ~5000 m, rather than being controlled by normal faults associated with the STDS. The detrital thermochronology data contain two prominent age groups at ~37–41 and 15–18 Ma, suggesting rapid exhumation at these times. A 15–18 Ma phase of rapid exhumation has been recorded widely in both southern Tibet and the Himalaya. A possible interpretation for such a major regional exhumation event might be detachment of the subducting Indian plate slab during the middle Miocene, inducing dynamic uplift of the Indian plate overriding its own slab.
Geophysical‐petrological model of the crust and upper mantle in the India‐Eurasia collision zone
Authors: Tunini Lavinia , Jiménez‐Munt Ivone , Fernandez Manel , Vergés Jaume , Villaseñor Antonio , Melchiorre Massimiliano , Afonso Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a new crust and upper mantle cross section of the western India‐Eurasia collision zone by combining geological, geophysical, and petrological information within a self‐consistent thermodynamic framework. We characterize the upper mantle structure down to 410 km depth from the thermal, compositional, and seismological viewpoints along a profile crossing western Himalayan orogen and Tibetan Plateau, Tarim Basin, Tian Shan, and Junggar Basin, ending in the Chinese Altai Range. Our results show that the Moho deepens from the Himalayan foreland basin (~40 km depth) to the Kunlun Shan (~90 km depth), and it shallows to less than 50 km beneath the Tarim Basin. Crustal thickness between the Tian Shan and Altai mountains varies from ~66 km to ~62 km. The depth of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) increases from 230 km below the Himalayan foreland basin to 295 km below the Kunlun Shan. To NE the LAB shallows to ~230 km below the Tarim Basin and increases again to ~260 km below Tian Shan and Junggar region and to ~280 km below the Altai Range. Lateral variations of the seismic anomalies are compatible with variations in the lithospheric mantle composition retrieved from global petrological data. We also model a preexisting profile in the eastern India‐Eurasia collision zone and discuss the along‐strike variations of the lithospheric structure. We confirm the presence of a noticeable lithospheric mantle thinning below the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, with the LAB located at 140 km depth, and of mantle compositional differences between the Tibetan Plateau and the northern domains of Qilian Shan, Qaidam Basin, and North China.
Carboniferous and Permian evolutionary records for the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean constrained by newly discovered Xiangtaohu ophiolites from central Qiangtang, central Tibet
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Zheng , Dong Yong‐Sheng , Wang Qiang , Dan Wei , Zhang Chunfu , Deng Ming‐Rong , Xu Wang , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Zeng Ji‐Peng , Liang He 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReconstructing the evolutionary history of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean remains at the center of debates over the linkage between Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion. Identifying the remnants of oceanic lithosphere (ophiolites) has very important implications for identifying suture zones, unveiling the evolutionary history of fossil oceans, and reconstructing the amalgamation history between different blocks. Here we report newly documented ophiolite suites from the Longmu Co‐Shuanghu Suture zone (LSSZ) in the Xiangtaohu area, central Qiangtang block, Tibet. Detailed geological investigations and zircon U‐Pb dating reveal that the Xiangtaohu ophiolites are composed of a suite of Permian (281–275 Ma) ophiolites with a nearly complete Penrose sequence and a suite of Early Carboniferous (circa 350 Ma) ophiolite remnants containing only part of the lower oceanic crust. Geochemical and Sr‐Nd‐O isotopic data show that the Permian and Carboniferous ophiolites in this study were derived from an N‐mid‐ocean ridge basalts‐like mantle source with varied suprasubduction‐zone (SSZ) signatures and were characterized by crystallization sequences from wet magmas, suggesting typical SSZ‐affinity ophiolites. Permian and Carboniferous SSZ ophiolites in the central Qiangtang provide robust evidence for the existence and evolution of an ancient ocean basin. Combining with previous studies on high‐pressure metamorphic rocks and pelagic radiolarian cherts, and with tectonostratigraphic and paleontological data, we support the LSSZ as representing the main suture of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean which probably existed and evolved from Devonian to Triassic. The opening and demise of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean dominated the formation of the major framework for the East and/or Southeast Asia.
Transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers: A case‐crossover study in southern China
Authors: Liu Xin‐Xia , Huang Guo‐Xian , Huang Hui‐Qiang , Wang Shu‐Yu , Zong Ying , Chen Wei‐Qing 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAcute occupational hand injuries are a common occurrence in China's metal manufacturing industries. This study aimed to explore the transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers.MethodsA case‐crossover study was conducted from October 2013 through December 2013 in Zhongshan city, southern China. Face‐to‐face interviews were used to collect information on the occurrence of 12 transient risk factors during the “hazard” period (a 60‐min period prior to occupational hand injury) and a “control” period (the week before the injury).ResultsOne hundred ninety‐four qualified acute occupational hand injury cases (139 male, 55 female) were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 35.5 (standard deviation [SD] 10.4) years. The most common (64.9%) type of work was punching, and the most common injures were crushes and fractures (28.8 and 23.7%, respectively). Of these cases, 62.9% were regarded as severe or major. Among the 12 transient risk factors, 11 ones were significantly associated with acute occupational hand injuries occurring during the hazard period: “replacing sharp knives” (IRR = 14.38, 95%CI 11.43–18.08), “using malfunctioning machinery” (IRR = 30.59, 95%CI 17.84–52.48), “using different tools” (IRR = 10.96, 95%CI 4.77–25.17), “using different machines” (IRR = 5.20, 95%CI 2.25–12.00), “performing unusual work tasks” (IRR = 24.38, 95%CI 14.11–42.15), “working overtime” (IRR = 13.40, 95%CI 7.70–23.29), “performing a task with a different method” (IRR = 56.41, 95%CI 23.61–134.81), “being in a bad mood” (IRR = 108.11, 95%CI 55.10–211.11), “feeling ill” (RR = 12.27, 95%CI 4.95–30.43), “rushing” (IRR = 5.16, 95%CI 2.49–10.70), and “not wearing gloves” (IRR = 1.63, 95%CI 1.23–2.15).ConclusionsOur study suggested that multiple transient risk factors were responsible for the acute occupational hand injuries in China's metal manufacturing industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:832–840, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absolute humidity and the human nose: A reanalysis of climate zones and their influence on nasal form and function
Authors: Maddux Scott D. , Yokley Todd R. , Svoma Bohumil M. , Franciscus Robert G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesInvestigations into the selective role of climate on human nasal variation commonly divide climates into four broad adaptive zones (hot‐dry, hot‐wet, cold‐dry, and cold‐wet) based on temperature and relative humidity. Yet, absolute humidity—not relative humidity—is physiologically more important during respiration. Here, we investigate the global distribution of absolute humidity to better clarify ecogeographic demands on nasal physiology.MethodsWe use monthly observations from the Climatic Research Unit Timeseries 3 (CRU TS3) database to construct global maps of average annual temperature, relative humidity and absolute humidity. Further, using data collected by Thomson and Buxton (1923) for over 15,000 globally‐distributed individuals, we calculate the actual amount of heat and water that must be transferred to inspired air in different climatic regimes to maintain homeostasis, and investigate the influence of these factors on the nasal index.ResultsOur results show that absolute humidity, like temperature, generally decreases with latitude. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that environments typically characterized as “cold‐wet” actually exhibit low absolute humidities, with values virtually identical to cold‐dry environments and significantly lower than hot‐wet and even hot‐dry environments. Our results also indicate that strong associations between the nasal index and absolute humidity are, potentially erroneously, predicated on individuals from hot‐dry environments possessing intermediate (mesorrhine) nasal indices.DiscussionWe suggest that differentially allocating populations to cold‐dry or cold‐wet climates is unlikely to reflect different selective pressures on respiratory physiology and nasal morphology—it is cold‐dry, and to a lesser degree hot‐dry environments, that stress respiratory function. Our study also supports assertions that demands for inspiratory modification are reduced in hot‐wet environments, and that expiratory heat elimination for thermoregulation is a greater selective pressure in such environments.
A Single Methylene Group in Oligoalkylamine‐Based Cationic Polymers and Lipids Promotes Enhanced mRNA Delivery
Authors: Jarzębińska Anita , Pasewald Tamara , Lambrecht Jana , Mykhaylyk Olga , Kümmerling Linda , Beck Philipp , Hasenpusch Günther , Rudolph Carsten , Plank Christian , Dohmen Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe development of chemically modified mRNA holds great promise as a new class of biologic therapeutics. However, the intracellular delivery and endosomal escape of mRNA encapsulated in nanoparticles has not been systematically investigated. Here, we synthesized a diverse set of cationic polymers and lipids from a series of oligoalkylamines and subsequently characterized their mRNA delivery capability. Notably, a structure with an alternating alkyl chain length between amines showed the highest transfection efficiency, which was linked to a high buffering capacity in a narrow range of pH 6.2 to 6.5. Variation in only one methylene group resulted in enhanced mRNA delivery to both the murine liver as well as porcine lungs after systemic or aerosol administration, respectively. These findings reveal a novel fundamental structure–activity relationship for the delivery of mRNA that is independent of the class of mRNA carrier and define a promising new path of exploration in the field of mRNA therapeutics.
Facile fabrication of polyester filament fabric with highly and durable hydrophilic surface by microwave‐assisted glycolysis
Authors: Zhou Weitao , Huang Haitao , Du Shan , Wang Qing , He Jianxin , Cui Shizhong 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric with highly and durable hydrophilic surface was fabricated using microwave‐assisted glycolysis. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst was proven to be suitable for PET glycolysis under assistance of microwave. The modified PET fabric (0.5% NaOH, irradiation 120 s) showed high surface hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 17.4 ° and a wicking length of 19.36 mm. The exposure of the carboxyl‐ and hydroxyl‐end groups on the surface of PET and the introduction of etches were confirmed by Methylene Blue staining and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), receptively. Although the strength of PET fabric decreased after modification, it was still high enough for textile applications. The thermal properties of the modified PET fabrics were well maintained. The high hydrophilicity and its original properties of PET could be controlled by changing the irradiation time from 60 s to 120 s and adjusting the content of sodium hydroxide from 0.2% to 0.5%. These results suggest microwave‐assisted glycolysis with sodium hydroxide is an effective method for PET hydrophilic finishing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44069.
Near‐infrared light‐sensitive liposomes for enhanced plasmid DNA transfection
Authors: Wiraja Christian , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Movahedi Fatemeh , Upputuri Paul Kumar , Cheng Yingying , Pramanik Manojit , Yang Liang , Becker David Laurence , Xu Chenjie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive liposomes are attractive carriers for targeted and controlled drug delivery to the superficial organ or tissue (e.g., skin). This work describes the development of NIR‐responsive liposomes by incorporating gold nanostars within liposomes composed of Phospholipon 90 g and cholesterol. Following cellular delivery, photothermal effect around the gold nanostar upon NIR stimulation induces microcavitation and liposome phase transition which consequently triggers the release of encapsulated molecules. Taking GFP plasmid as an example, we demonstrate enhanced gene transfection into fibroblasts following NIR treatment.
Iron Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling, Addition, and Functionalization
Authors: Yang Xu‐Heng , Song Ren‐Jie , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe cover the achievements and thought process that have emerged as a result of the recent use of iron salts as catalysts for the oxidative coupling, addition, and functionalization on constructing C−C bonds, C−N bonds, C−O bonds, C−S bonds, and C−P bonds. These transformations concomitantly require a stoichiometric oxidant to activate the catalyst: The low‐cost and ubiquity of peroxides is often used as a result of their high oxidative reactivity, resulting in the widespread utilizations of iron catalysis through the initiation of radical processes. Here, we summarize the formation of diverse chemical bonds by using iron oxidative catalysis strategies, including 1) the oxidative coupling strategy and 2) the oxidative addition and functionalization strategy. The oxidative coupling strategy focuses on the formation of one chemical bond in a single reaction, whereas the oxidative addition and functionalization strategy includes the transformations that construct at least two chemical bonds.
A Multifunctional MnII Phosphonate for Rapid Separation of Methyl Orange and Electron‐Transfer Photochromism
Authors: Gao Chao‐Ying , Yang Yang , Ai Jing , Tian Hong‐Rui , Li Lei‐Jiao , Yang Weiting , Dang Song , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA MnII phosphonate of the general formula [Mn(H2L)2(H2O)2(H2bibp)] adopts a layered motif with protonated H2bibp2+ cations embedded in the channels (H4L=thiophene‐2‐phosphonic acid; bibp=4,4′‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)biphenyl). The title compound exhibits excellent adsorptive removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solution. Its advantageous features include fast adsorption, high uptake capacity, selective removal, and reusability, which are of great significance for practical application in wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, the compound displays rapid photochromism upon irradiation with visible light at room temperature. Extensive research has demonstrated that such behavior is based on a ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (LLCT) mechanism. The irradiated sample possesses an ultra‐long‐lived charge‐separated state. Moreover, not only is the compound the first Mn‐based photochromic MOF, but it is also one of the very few examples showing LLCT with non‐photochromic components.
Last‐Step Enzymatic [18F]‐Fluorination of Cysteine‐Tethered RGD Peptides Using Modified Barbas Linkers
Authors: Zhang Qingzhi , Dall'Angelo Sergio , Fleming Ian N. , Schweiger Lutz F. , Zanda Matteo , O'Hagan David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report a last‐step fluorinase‐catalyzed [18F]‐fluorination of a cysteine‐containing RGD peptide. The peptide was attached through sulfur to a modified and more hydrophilic variant of the recently disclosed Barbas linker which was itself linked to a chloroadenosine moiety via a PEGylated chain. The fluorinase was able to use this construct as a substrate for a transhalogenation reaction to generate [18F]‐radiolabeled RGD peptides, which retained high affinity to cancer‐cell relevant αvβ3 integrins.
Detailed Analysis of Plasma Resistivity in Detached Recombining Plasmas
Authors: Nishikata H. , Hayashi Y. , Ohno N. , Kajita S. , Kuwabara T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have investigated plasma resistivity in a detached recombining plasma (DRP) by using a modified double probe theory, in which the influence of the plasma resistivity on the current‐voltage characteristics of the double probe, is taken into account. The plasma resistivity in DRP, obtained by comparing between the modified double probe theory and experimental results in the linear plasma device NAGDIS‐II, is much larger than both Spitzer resistivity and plasma resistivity caused by electron‐neutral collision including Rydberg atom's effect. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interplay between Plasma Turbulence and Particle Injection in 3D Global Simulations
Authors: Tamain P. , Bufferand H. , Carbajal L. , Marandet Y. , Baudoin C. , Ciraolo G. , Colin C. , Futtersack R. , Galassi D. , Ghendrih P. , Nace N. , Schwander F. , Serre E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe impact of a 3D localized particle source on the edge plasma in 3D global turbulence simulations is investigated using the TOKAM3X fluid code. Results apply to advanced fueling methods such as Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI) or pellets injection. The fueling source is imposed as a volumetric particle source in the simulations so that the physics leading to the ionization of particles and its localization are not taken into account. As already observed in experiments, the localized particle source strongly perturbs both turbulence and the large scale organization of the edge plasma. The localized increase of the pressure generated by the source drives sonic parallel flows in the plasma, leading to a poloidal redistribution of the particles on the time scale of the source duration. However, the particle deposition also drives localized transverse pressure gradients which impacts the stability of the plasma with respect to interchange processes. The resulting radial transport occurs on a sufficiently fast time scale to compete with the parallel redistribution of particles, leading to immediate radial losses of a significant proportion of the injected particles. Low Field Side (LFS) and High Field Side (HFS) injections exhibit different dynamics due to their interaction with curvature. In particular, HFS particle deposition drives an inward flux leading to differences in the particle deposition efficiency (higher for HFS than LFS). These results demonstrate the importance of taking into account plasma transport in a self‐consistent manner when investigating fueling methods. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phylogeographic insights into the invasion history and secondary spread of the signal crayfish in Japan
Authors: Usio Nisikawa , Azuma Noriko , Larson Eric R. , Abbott Cathryn L. , Olden Julian D. , Akanuma Hiromi , Takamura Kenzi , Takamura Noriko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSuccessful invasion by nonindigenous species is often attributed to high propagule pressure, yet some foreign species become widespread despite showing reduced genetic variation due to founder effects. The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is one such example, where rapid spread across Japan in recent decades is believed to be the result of only three founding populations. To infer the history and explore the success of this remarkable crayfish invasion, we combined detailed phylogeographical and morphological analyses conducted in both the introduced and native ranges. We sequenced 16S mitochondrial DNA of signal crayfish from across the introduced range in Japan (537 samples, 20 sites) and the native range in western North America (700 samples, 50 sites). Because chela size is often related to aggressive behavior in crayfish, and hence, their invasion success, we also measured chela size of a subset of specimens in both introduced and native ranges. Genetic diversity of introduced signal crayfish populations was as high as that of the dominant phylogeographic group in the native range, suggesting high propagule pressure during invasion. More recently established crayfish populations in Japan that originated through secondary spread from one of the founding populations exhibit reduced genetic diversity relative to older populations, probably as a result of founder effects. However, these newer populations also show larger chela size, consistent with expectations of rapid adaptations or phenotypic responses during the invasion process. Introduced signal crayfish populations in Japan originate from multiple source populations from a wide geographic range in the native range of western North America. A combination of high genetic diversity, especially for older populations in the invasive range, and rapid adaptation to colonization, manifested as larger chela in recent invasions, likely contribute to invasion success of signal crayfish in Japan.
Varying effects of recommended treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials in the ESC and ACCF/AHA guidelines
Authors: Thomsen Marius Mark , Lewinter Christian , Køber Lars 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the treatment effects of recommended drugs and devices on key clinical outcomes for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) listed in the 2012 HF guideline from the European Society of Cardiology as well as the 2013 HF guideline from the American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association were evaluated for use in the meta‐analysis. RCTs written in English evaluating recommended drugs and devices for the treatment of patients with HFREF were included. Meta‐analyses, based on the outcomes of all‐cause mortality and hospitalization because of HF, were performed with relative risk ratio as the effect size. In the identified 47 RCTs, patients were on average 63 years old and 22% were female. Drugs targeting the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, beta‐blockers, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), and intracardiac defibrillator devices (ICDs) significantly reduced the risk of death with reductions of 14–19, 23, 20, and 20%, respectively. Drugs targeting the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, beta‐blockers, digoxin, and CRT significantly reduced the risk of HF hospitalization with reductions of 24–37, 22, 60, and 36%, respectively, while ICDs significantly increased the risk with 34%. Ivabradine showed no significant effects on either outcome. As such, the majority of recommended HFREF treatments offered significant treatment benefits. However, many of the included studies were from the 1990s or earlier, and one must therefore be cautious when extrapolating these results to contemporary patients with HF.