bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative measurement of collagen bundle orientation by Fourier analysis and semiquantitative evaluation: reliability and agreement in Masson's trichrome, Picrosirius red and confocal microscopy techniques
Authors: MARCOS‐GARCÉS V. , HARVAT M. , MOLINA AGUILAR P. , FERRÁNDEZ IZQUIERDO A. , RUIZ‐SAURÍ A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryMeasurement of collagen bundle orientation in histopathological samples is a widely used and useful technique in many research and clinical scenarios. Fourier analysis is the preferred method for performing this measurement, but the most appropriate staining and microscopy technique remains unclear. Some authors advocate the use of Haematoxylin‐Eosin (H&E) and confocal microscopy, but there are no studies comparing this technique with other classical collagen stainings. In our study, 46 human skin samples were collected, processed for histological analysis and stained with Masson's trichrome, Picrosirius red and H&E. Five microphotographs of the reticular dermis were taken with a 200× magnification with light microscopy, polarized microscopy and confocal microscopy, respectively. Two independent observers measured collagen bundle orientation with semiautomated Fourier analysis with the Image‐Pro Plus 7.0 software and three independent observers performed a semiquantitative evaluation of the same parameter. The average orientation for each case was calculated with the values of the five pictures. We analyzed the interrater reliability, the consistency between Fourier analysis and average semiquantitative evaluation and the consistency between measurements in Masson's trichrome, Picrosirius red and H&E‐confocal. Statistical analysis for reliability and agreement was performed with the SPSS 22.0 software and consisted of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland‐Altman plots and limits of agreement and coefficient of variation. Interrater reliability was almost perfect (ICC > 0.8) with all three histological and microscopy techniques and always superior in Fourier analysis than in average semiquantitative evaluation. Measurements were consistent between Fourier analysis by one observer and average semiquantitative evaluation by three observers, with an almost perfect agreement with Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red techniques (ICC > 0.8) and a strong agreement with H&E‐confocal (0.7 < ICC < 0.8). Comparison of measurements between the three techniques for the same observer showed an almost perfect agreement (ICC > 0.8), better with Fourier analysis than with semiquantitative evaluation (single and average). These results in nonpathological skin samples were also confirmed in a preliminary analysis in eight scleroderma skin samples. Our results show that Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red are consistent with H&E‐confocal for measuring collagen bundle orientation in histological samples and could thus be used indistinctly for this purpose. Fourier analysis is superior to average semiquantitative evaluation and should keep being used as the preferred method.
Two‐year follow‐up of patients with septic shock presenting with low HDL: the effect upon acute kidney injury, death and estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Roveran Genga K. , Lo C. , Cirstea M. , Zhou G. , Walley K. R. , Russell J. A. , Levin A. , Boyd J. H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is associated with decreased levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. HDL has anti‐inflammatory properties, and the use of Apo A‐I mimetic peptides is associated with renal function improvement in animal models of sepsis. However, it is not known whether decreased HDL level results in impaired renal function in human sepsis. We investigated whether low levels of HDL conferred an increased risk of sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) or long‐term decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after sepsis.MethodsHDL concentration (mg dL−1) was measured in plasma samples from 180 patients with septic shock at admission to the Emergency Department (ED). We divided the patients using median HDL as a cut‐off value and assessed the frequency of sepsis‐associated AKI and long‐term decreased eGFR after sepsis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsPatients with low HDL had a significantly greater frequency of KDIGO 2 or 3 sepsis‐associated AKI [39/90 (43.3%) vs. 12/90 (13.3%), P < 0.001] and decreased long‐term eGFR [24/58 (41.4%) vs. 11/57 (19.3%), P = 0.018] compared to those with high HDL. The adjusted OR for sepsis‐associated AKI and decreased eGFR after sepsis in the lower HDL group was 2.80 (95% CI 1.08–7.25, P = 0.033) and 5.45 (95% CI 1.57–18.93, P = 0.008), respectively.ConclusionLow HDL levels during sepsis are associated with increased risk of sepsis‐associated AKI, and/or subsequent decreased eGFR. These results suggest that HDL may be involved and/or may be a marker of kidney injury during and after sepsis.
Rural Hospital Employment of Physicians and Use of Cesareans and Nonindicated Labor Induction
Authors: Prasad Shailendra , Hung Peiyin , Henning‐Smith Carrie , Casey Michelle , Kozhimannil Katy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveWorkforce issues constrain obstetric care services in rural US hospitals, and one strategy hospitals use is to employ physicians to provide obstetric care. However, little is known about the relationship between hospital employment of maternity care physicians and use of obstetric care procedures in rural hospitals. We examined the association between obstetric physician employment and use of cesareans and nonindicated labor induction.Study DesignWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of a telephone survey of all 306 rural hospitals providing obstetric care in 9 states from November 2013 to March 2014 and linked the survey data (N = 263, 86% response rate) to all‐payer childbirth data on maternity care utilization from 2013 Statewide Inpatient Database (SID) hospital discharge data.MethodsUsing logistic regression models, we assessed the proportion of a hospital's maternity care physicians employed by the hospital and estimated its association with utilization of low‐risk and nonindicated cesareans, and nonindicated labor induction.ResultsRural hospitals that employed family physicians but not obstetricians had lower cesarean rates among low‐risk pregnancies. Rural hospitals that employed only obstetricians did not show a relationship between employment and procedure utilization. Across hospitals with both obstetricians and family physicians, a 10% higher proportion of obstetricians employed was associated with 4.6% higher low‐risk cesarean rates (4.6% [0.7%‐8.4%]), while no significant relationship was found for the proportion of family physicians employed by a hospital.ConclusionsIn rural US hospitals, associations between physician employment and obstetric procedure use differed by physician mix and the types of physicians employed.
Integrating postural and vestibular dimensions to depict impairment in moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients
Authors: Micarelli Alessandro , Liguori Claudio , Viziano Andrea , Izzi Francesca , Placidi Fabio , Alessandrini Marco 
Published: March 2017

SummaryVestibular dysfunction was linked to moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients in literature. However, due to a lack of knowledge among valid and recent implementations conceived to study postural control on static posturography (SP) and vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain under physiological conditions (video Head Impulse Test; vHIT), the aim of this work was to integrate (i) VOR changes via vHIT implementation, (ii) postural arrangement by studying both classical parameters and frequency spectra (PS) and (iii) correlation between these findings, polygraphic (PG) and subjective scores along Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Thus, 32 moderate‐to‐severe OSAS patients and 32 healthy subjects – studied by using PG, DHI and ESS – underwent vHIT and SP posturographic assessment. Analysis of variance was performed to disclose between‐group effects and correlation analysis was implemented between otoneurological, PG, DHI and ESS values. OSAS group demonstrated a significant decay of VOR gain and an increase in both frequency spectra PS values, especially within the low‐frequency interval, and in classical posturographic SP parameters. Further, positive and negative correlations between mean SaO2 and gain and low frequency interval spectra PS were found, respectively. Strengthening previous hypothesis related to brainstem chronic hypoxemia phenomena affecting vestibular network, implementation of these data could generate future attentions (i) for screening under physiological conditions postural and vestibular detriments in OSAS subjects, especially exposed at risk settings, and (ii) among PG parameters, such as mean SaO2, to propose further reliable tools in monitoring postural and vestibular decay in these patients demonstrating PG parameters detriments.
RFID Enabled Knowledge‐Based Precast Construction Supply Chain
Authors: Wang Zhaojing , Hu Hao , Zhou Wei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRadio frequency identification (RFID) helps improve supply chain efficiency by providing item‐level identification and real‐time information. Today, barcode continues to be the main identification technology for precast construction applications. In this research, we investigate the data‐driven mechanisms and benefits of utilizing RFID in knowledge‐based precast construction supply chains. With computer‐aided self‐learning capability, we simulate three models for manual‐, barcode‐, and RFID‐enabled precast construction supply chain. The results of 100 precast wall‐panel construction in a two‐echelon precast construction supply chain reveal that the knowledge‐based RFID system could generate 62.0% saving of operational costs, which is 29.0% higher than that of a barcode‐based system. As a result, the computer‐aided adaptive learning mechanism based on RFID is verifiable to improve the overall operational performance by reducing lead time, operational errors, and costs. Due to the lack of existing literature of data technology utilization in the precast construction industry, our findings in this research could improve the decision making regarding technology selection, as well as help with the operationalization of RFID and transformation to intelligent precast construction management in big data environment.
Two‐Dimensional Simulation of Turning Behavior in Potential Conflict Area of Mixed‐Flow Intersections
Authors: Ma Zian , Xie Jianbo , Qi Xiao , Xu Yiming , Sun Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe potential conflict area of intersection is the space where conflicting traffic flows pass through in the same signal phase. At this area, turning vehicles interact with most traffic flows, which introduce complex features including variation of trajectories and shared‐priority phenomenon. The traditional one‐dimensional simulation oversimplifies these features with lane‐based assumption. This study integrates the modified social force model with behavior decision and movement constraints to reproduce the two‐dimensional turning process. The method is framed into a three‐layered mathematical model. First, the decision layer dynamically makes decision for turning patterns. Then the operation layer uses the modified social force model to initially generate vehicle movements. Finally, the constraint layer modifies the vehicular motion with vehicle dynamics constraints, boundary of intersection and the collision avoidance rule. The proposed model is validated using trajectories of left‐turn vehicles at a real‐world mixed‐flow intersection with nonprotected signal phases, resulting in a more realistic simulation than previous methods. The distributions of decision points and travel time in simulation are compared with the empirical data in statistics. Moreover, the spatial distribution of simulated trajectories is also satisfactory.
The transporter SynPAM71 is located in the plasma membrane and thylakoids, and mediates manganese tolerance in Synechocystis PCC6803
Authors: Gandini Chiara , Schmidt Sidsel Birkelund , Husted Søren , Schneider Anja , Leister Dario 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Manganese (Mn) is an essential constituent of photosystem II (PSII) and therefore indispensable for oxygenic photosynthesis. Very little is known about how Mn is transported, delivered and retained in photosynthetic cells. Recently, the thylakoid‐localized transporter PAM71 has been linked to chloroplast Mn homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we characterize the function of its homolog in Synechocystis (SynPAM71).

We used a loss‐of‐function line (ΔSynPAM71), wild‐type (WT) cells exposed to Mn stress and strains expressing a tagged variant of SynPAM71 to characterize the role of SynPAM71 in cyanobacterial Mn homeostasis.

The ΔSynPAM71 strain displays an Mn‐sensitive phenotype with reduced levels of chlorophyll and PSI accumulation, defects in PSII photochemistry and intracellular Mn enrichment, particularly in the thylakoid membranes. These effects are attributable to Mn toxicity, as very similar symptoms were observed in WT cells exposed to excess Mn. Moreover, CyanoP, which is involved in the early steps of PSII assembly, is massively upregulated in ΔSynPAM71. SynPAM71 was detected in both the plasma membrane and, to a lesser extent, the thylakoid membranes.

Our results suggest that SynPAM71 is involved in the maintenance of Mn homeostasis through the export of Mn from the cytoplasm into the periplasmic and luminal compartments, where it can be stored without interfering with cytoplasmic metabolic processes.
Fossilization processes of graptolites: insights from the experimental decay of Rhabdopleura sp. (Pterobranchia)
Authors: Beli Elena , Piraino Stefano , Cameron Christopher B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLaboratory experiments documenting the decomposition pattern of extant organisms are used to reconstruct the anatomy and taphonomy of fossil taxa. The subclass Graptolithina (Hemichordata: Pterobranchia) is a significant fossil taxon of the Palaeozoic era, represented by just one modern genus, Rhabdopleura. The rich graptolite fossil record is characterized by an almost total absence of fossil zooids. Here we investigated the temporal decay pattern of Rhabdopleura sp. tubes, stolons and single zooids removed from the tubarium. Tubes showed decay after four days, when fuselli began to separate from the tube walls. This rapid loss may explain the absence of fuselli from some graptolite fossils. The black stolon did not show decay until day 155. One day after their removal, zooids quickly decomposed in the following temporal sequence: (1) tentacles; (2) ectoderm; (3) arms; (4) gut; (5) cephalic shield, leading to complete disappearance of recognizable body parts in the majority of experimental zooids within 64–104 h. The most resistant zooid features to decay (61 days) were black‐pigmented granules. These results indicate that tubes and the black stolon would persist for weeks across death, transport and burial, whereas a complete decay of zooid features occurs in few days, providing an explanation for the overall poor record of fossil graptolite zooids and suggesting that recorded silhouettes of fossil zooids may be attributed to fossil decay‐resistant pigments.
Efficacy and Safety of Targeted High‐Intensity Medium‐Band (304–312 nm) Ultraviolet B Light in Pediatric Vitiligo
Authors: Dong Da‐Ke , Pan Zhan‐Yan , Zhang Juan , Lu Xue‐Fen , Jin Cheng , Tao Shi‐Qin , Yang Li‐Jia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPhototherapy is a commonly used treatment for vitiligo that has demonstrated safety and efficacy. High‐intensity targeted ultraviolet B (UVB) light (304–312 nm) delivered using a phototherapy device is a useful therapeutic option because it can induce repigmentation in a short time without global exposure to radiation, but information regarding this device in children is limited.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 95 patches of vitiligo in 27 children treated using a targeted phototherapy device. Phototherapy was administered twice a week.ResultsAfter the first 10 treatment sessions, 82 (86.3%) patches demonstrated some repigmentation and 36.8% achieved 50% or more repigmentation. After a mean of 20.4 treatment sessions, 86 patches (90%) demonstrated some repigmentation and 53.7% achieved 50% or more repigmentation. Responses varied depending on the anatomic location of the lesions. Better responses were usually observed on the face and trunk, whereas the extremities typically showed little response. Repigmentation was better in patients with active vitiligo than in those with stable vitiligo, with responses better with a disease duration of 1 year or less than in those with a duration of more than 1 year. There was no statistically significant difference in repigmentation between those with segmental and generalized vitiligo. The only short‐term local side effect was mild erythema that required a decrease in dosage in six patients.ConclusionTargeted high‐intensity medium‐band UVB phototherapy alone can produce clinical improvement in pediatric vitiligo and is well tolerated.
Introducing Enterprise Risk Management Into the University Classroom: A Case Study
Authors: Bruhn Aaron , Whiting Bronwen , Browne Bridget , Higgins Timothy , Tan Chong It 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article reports on the challenges faced when enterprise risk management courses (commonly studied by practitioners after several years of actuarial practice) were introduced into a postgraduate coursework degree, and taught concurrently with Actuarial Control Cycle (Part II) units. A small sample of students were interviewed, and the information gleaned from these interviews combined with the reflections provided by teaching staff is used to argue that although not problem‐free, the overall gain to students makes the project worthwhile. Assessment structure and use of class time in particular are examined as key features of the class, and potential improvements are suggested.
The Relation between Ethnic and Civic Views on Citizenship, Attitudes towards Immigrants and Sympathy for Welfare Recipients
Authors: Vandoninck Joost , Meeusen Cecil , Dejaeghere Yves 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study we investigate the relationship between different definitions of national citizenship, sympathy for welfare recipients, and how this relation is mediated by attitudes towards immigrants. We make use of the 2008 wave of the Belgian Political Panel Survey 2006–11, in which over 4,800 18‐year‐old adolescents were questioned. The results demonstrate that an agreement with both ethnic and civic definitions of national citizenship is related to reduced sympathy for welfare recipients, although the association with an ethnic view on citizenship is clearly dominant. Furthermore, these relations are almost entirely of an indirect nature: ethnic and civic citizenship attitudes are associated with negative views on immigrants, which, in turn, is the key variable that is associated with reduced sympathy for welfare recipients.
Geographies of Local Government Stress after the Great Recession
Authors: Kim Yunji , Warner Mildred E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLocal governments in the USA are facing increased levels of fiscal stress after the Great Recession. We conducted a national survey in 2012 to assess differences in sources of stress and service delivery responses (privatization, inter‐municipal co‐operation, and public delivery) across places. Our discriminant analysis on 1,889 US cities and counties contributes to the literature on state rescaling. We differentiate three types of stress: fiscal, housing market decline and demographic. Fiscal stress and demographic stress are linked and highest in metro core and rural places, while housing market decline is associated with population density and revenue diversification. Diverse revenue sources can ameliorate some of the fiscal challenges brought on by housing market decline. Regarding service delivery, we find privatization and co‐operation are higher in suburbs. State aid dependence is highest in rural and metro core areas with greater need, but decrease in state aid is highest in the South and West, where fiscal stress is also highest. Decentralization has exacerbated spatial inequality in the wake of the Great Recession challenging the efficiency claims of fiscal federalism. More redistributive state policies are needed.
Mouthing of Soil Contaminated Objects is Associated with Environmental Enteropathy in Young Children
Authors: Morita Tomohiko , Perin Jamie , Oldja Lauren , Biswas Shwapon , Sack R. Bradley , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Haque Rashidul , Bhuiyan Nurul Amin , Parvin Tahmina , Bhuyian Sazzadul Islam , Akter Mahmuda , Talukder Kaisar A. , Shahnaij Mohammad , Faruque Abu G. , George Christine Marie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise childhood mouthing behaviours and to investigate the association between object‐to‐mouth and food‐to‐mouth contacts, diarrhoea prevalence and environmental enteropathy.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted of 216 children ≤30 months of age in rural Bangladesh. Mouthing contacts with soil and food and objects with visible soil were assessed by 5‐h structured observation. Stool was analysed for four faecal markers of intestinal inflammation: alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, myeloperoxidase, neopterin and calprotectin.ResultsOverall 82% of children were observed mouthing soil, objects with visible soil, or food with visible soil during the structured observation period. Sixty two percent of children were observed mouthing objects with visible soil, 63% were observed mouthing food with visible soil, and 18% were observed mouthing soil only. Children observed mouthing objects with visible soil had significantly elevated faecal calprotectin concentrations (206.81 μg/g, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.27, 407.36). There was also a marginally significant association between Escherichia coli counts in soil from a child's play space and the prevalence rate of diarrhoea (diarrhoea prevalence ratio: 2.03, 95% CI 0.97, 4.25).ConclusionThese findings provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that childhood mouthing behaviour in environments with faecal contamination can lead to environmental enteropathy in susceptible paediatric populations. Furthermore, these findings suggest that young children mouthing objects with soil, which occurred more frequently than soil directly (60% vs. 18%), was an important exposure route to faecal pathogens and a risk factor for environmental enteropathy.