bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Regular Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Pristine [70]Fullerene as Electron‐Selective Contact
Authors: Collavini Silvia , Kosta Ivet , Völker Sebastian F. , Cabanero German , Grande Hans J. , Tena‐Zaera Ramón , Delgado Juan Luis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Juan‐Luis Delgado at the University of the Basque Country. The image represents the current competing scenario between fullerenes and TiO2 as electron‐transport materials for perovskite solar cells. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201600051.
Contribution of high‐content imaging technologies to the development of anti‐infective drugs
Authors: Ang Michelle Lay Teng , Pethe Kevin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOriginally developed to study fundamental aspects of cellular biology, high‐content imaging (HCI) was rapidly adapted to study host–pathogen interactions at the cellular level and adopted as a technology of choice to unravel disease biology. HCI platforms allow for the visualization and quantification of discrete phenotypes that cannot be captured using classical screening approaches. A key advantage of high‐content screening technologies lies in the possibility to develop and interrogate physiologically significant, predictive ex vivo disease models that reproduce complex conditions relevant for infection. Here we review and discuss recent advances in HCI technologies and chemical biology approaches that are contributing to an increased understanding of the intricate host–pathogen interrelationship on the cellular level, and which will foster the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of human bacterial and protozoan infections. © 2016 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC
Reinforced masonry beams under shear load – Proposals for future designs / Bewehrte schubbeanspruchte Mauerwerksbalken – Vorschläge für zukünftige Bemessungen
Authors: Gunkler Erhard , Marx Johann Jakob 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article is written against the backdrop of the work of the European standardisation committees on the amendment of EN 1996‐1‐1 [N 4] which will also exert an influence on the design of reinforced masonry in Germany.This paper focusses on the design approaches of DIN EN 1996‐1‐1 for untensioned reinforced masonry beams under shear load in the ultimate limit state (ULS). Proposals are made to discuss their revision. The contents of E DIN 1053‐3 [N 3] and of the final draft of the guideline ”Flat Lintels” [7] are taken into account.
Closed‐loop recycling of autoclaved aerated concrete / Geschlossener Recyclingkreislauf für Porenbeton
Authors: Kreft Oliver 
Published: June 2016

AbstractXella Technology and Research, in a pilot study with the Hamburg‐based Otto Dörner GmbH waste management company and the Ytong plant in Wedel, has been testing since 2013 how and in what amounts autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) remains from demolished buildings or from waste disposal sites can be reused for new AAC production. The processing of the salvaged AAC‐material should conform to the current technical standard: return of mixed demolition rubble, separation of contaminants (by metal separation, air density separation, swim‐sink separation, manual resorting), pre‐treatment in the crusher and sieves for predetermined grain size ranges. This is where grain sizes or moisture content, heavy metals, bitumen, sulphate or other impurities are analysed in detail. The sorting accuracy as performed by Otto Dörner has shown to be sufficient for reuse through reintroduction into AAC‐production. Up to 15 % salvaged AAC prepared in such a manner can be effortlessly reused. A sample production of AAC quality grade P4‐0.55 with granulated salvaged AAC in the Ytong plant in Wedel was successful.
Development of a clinker brick façade to exploit solar thermal energy / Entwicklung einer Klinkerfassade zur Nutzung solarer Wärmeenergie
Authors: Mähner Dietmar , Lengers Jacob , Brand Carina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe featured research project was intended to develop and test a specially modified brick façade, which would convert solar radiation on the façade into thermal energy for heating purposes. The main objective was to measure the energy extraction potential but all other issues concerning technical feasibility also had to be taken into account.To this end a masonry structure had to be developed, which allowed integration of the inserted pipe to dissipate the energy introduced, while allowing simple, practicable installation. Various tests were carried out on masonry walls and individual bricks.On sunny winter days, an energy extraction potential of 1.9 kWh per square metre of façade and day was measured. During summer days, an extraction potential of up to 2.6 kWh/(m2·d) could be observed. The initial findings allow the assumption that this energy could be utilized with the use of a heat pump.
Example calculation of the sound insulation of a floor slab between residential units according to DIN 4109‐2:2016 / Beispielhafte Berechnung der Luftschalldämmung einer Wohnungstrenndecke im Mauerwerkbau nach DIN 4109‐2:2016
Authors: Naumann Kai , Schoch Torsten 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe DIN 4109 series of standards has been revised in recent years and harmonised with European design codes. After the drafts of DIN 4109 were issued in November 2013, the documents shall now be finally published in summer 2016.The calculation procedure according to DIN 4109‐2 is based on the simplified procedure from EN 12354:2000, in which the noise transmission routes are calculated individually, similarly to the calculation for framed buildings according to supplement 1 to DIN 4109. The procedure according to DIN 4109‐2 is based on formulae, which are filled with figures from the building element catalogue of parts 3‐2 to 3‐6.This article shows examples of calculation steps for the determination of the weighted airborne sound reduction R'w,Raccording to DIN 4109‐2:2016 for a floor slab between residential units.
Blocking elevated VEGF‐A attenuates non‐vasculature Fragile X syndrome abnormalities
Authors: Belagodu Amogh P. , Zendeli Liridon , Slater Bernard J. , Galvez Roberto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. In exploring abnormalities associated with the syndrome, we have recently demonstrated abnormal vascular density in a FXS mouse model (Galvan and Galvez, ). One of the most prominent regulators of vascular growth is VEGF‐A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A), suggesting that FXS is associated with abnormal VEGF‐A expression. In addition to its role in vascular regulation, VEGF‐A also induces cellular changes such as increasing cell proliferation, and axonal and neurite outgrowth independent of its effects on vasculature. These VEGF‐A induced cellular changes are consistent with FXS abnormalities such as increased axonal material, dendritic spine density, and cell proliferation. In support of these findings, the following study demonstrated that FXS mice exhibit increased expression of VEGF‐A in brain. These studies suggest that increased VEGF‐A expression in FXS is contributing to non‐vascular FXS abnormalities. To explore the role of VEGF‐A in mediating non‐vascular FXS abnormalities, the monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab was used to block free VEGF‐A. Bevacizumab treatment was found to decrease FXS Synapsin‐1 expression, a presynaptic marker for synapse density, and reduce FXS testicle weight to control levels. Blocking VEGF‐A also alleviated FXS abnormalities on novel object recognition, a test of cognitive performance. These findings demonstrate that VEGF‐A is elevated in FXS brain and suggest that its expression promotes non‐vascular FXS abnormalities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 14–25, 2017
Defining the identity of mouse embryonic dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Budnick Isadore , Hamburg‐Shields Emily , Chen Demeng , Torre Eduardo , Jarrell Andrew , Akhtar‐Zaidi Batool , Cordovan Olivia , Spitale Rob C. , Scacheri Peter , Atit Radhika P. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryEmbryonic dermal fibroblasts in the skin have the exceptional ability to initiate hair follicle morphogenesis and contribute to scarless wound healing. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is critical for dermal fibroblast fate selection and hair follicle induction. In humans, mutations in Wnt pathway components and target genes lead to congenital focal dermal hypoplasias with diminished hair. The gene expression signature of embryonic dermal fibroblasts during differentiation and its dependence on Wnt signaling is unknown. Here we applied Shannon entropy analysis to identify the gene expression signature of mouse embryonic dermal fibroblasts. We used available human DNase‐seq and histone modification ChiP‐seq data on various cell‐types to demonstrate that genes in the fibroblast cell identity signature can be epigenetically repressed in other cell‐types. We found a subset of the signature genes whose expression is dependent on Wnt/β‐catenin activity in vivo. With our approach, we have defined and validated a statistically derived gene expression signature that may mediate dermal fibroblast identity and function in development and disease. genesis 54:415–430, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circumpolar habitat use in the southern elephant seal: implications for foraging success and population trajectories
Authors: Hindell Mark A. , McMahon Clive R. , Bester Marthán N. , Boehme Lars , Costa Daniel , Fedak Mike A. , Guinet Christophe , Herraiz‐Borreguero Laura , Harcourt Robert G. , Huckstadt Luis , Kovacs Kit M. , Lydersen Christian , McIntyre Trevor , Muelbert Monica , Patterson Toby , Roquet Fabien , Williams Guy , Charrassin Jean‐Benoit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean, wide‐ranging predators offer the opportunity to quantify how animals respond to differences in the environment because their behavior and population trends are an integrated signal of prevailing conditions within multiple marine habitats. Southern elephant seals in particular, can provide useful insights due to their circumpolar distribution, their long and distant migrations and their performance of extended bouts of deep diving. Furthermore, across their range, elephant seal populations have very different population trends. In this study, we present a data set from the International Polar Year project; Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole for southern elephant seals, in which a large number of instruments (N = 287) deployed on animals, encompassing a broad circum‐Antarctic geographic extent, collected in situ ocean data and at‐sea foraging metrics that explicitly link foraging behavior and habitat structure in time and space. Broadly speaking, the seals foraged in two habitats, the relatively shallow waters of the Antarctic continental shelf and the Kerguelen Plateau and deep open water regions. Animals of both sexes were more likely to exhibit area‐restricted search (ARS) behavior rather than transit in shelf habitats. While Antarctic shelf waters can be regarded as prime habitat for both sexes, female seals tend to move northwards with the advance of sea ice in the late autumn or early winter. The water masses used by the seals also influenced their behavioral mode, with female ARS behavior being most likely in modified Circumpolar Deepwater or northerly Modified Shelf Water, both of which tend to be associated with the outer reaches of the Antarctic Continental Shelf. The combined effects of (1) the differing habitat quality, (2) differing responses to encroaching ice as the winter progresses among colonies, (3) differing distances between breeding and haul‐out sites and high quality habitats, and (4) differing long‐term regional trends in sea ice extent can explain the differing population trends observed among elephant seal colonies.
Intraguild predation by shore crabs affects mortality, behavior, growth, and densities of California horn snails
Authors: Lorda J. , Hechinger R. F. , Cooper S. D. , Kuris A. M. , Lafferty K. D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe California horn snail, Cerithideopsis californica, and the shore crabs, Pachygrapsus crassipes and Hemigrapsus oregonensis, compete for epibenthic microalgae, but the crabs also eat snails. Such intraguild predation is common in nature, despite models predicting instability. Using a series of manipulations and field surveys, we examined intraguild predation from several angles, including the effects of stage‐dependent predation along with direct consumptive and nonconsumptive predator effects on intraguild prey. In the laboratory, we found that crabs fed on macroalgae, snail eggs, and snails, and the size of consumed snails increased with predator crab size. In field experiments, snails grew less in the presence of crabs partially because snails behaved differently and were buried in the sediment (nonconsumptive effects). Consistent with these results, crab and snail abundances were negatively correlated in three field surveys conducted at three different spatial scales in estuaries of California, Baja California, and Baja California Sur: (1) among 61 sites spanning multiple habitat types in three estuaries, (2) among the habitats of 13 estuaries, and (3) among 34 tidal creek sites in one estuary. These results indicate that shore crabs are intraguild predators on California horn snails that affect snail populations via predation and by influencing snail behavior and performance.
Synergistic effects of climate change and grazing on net primary production of Mongolian grasslands
Authors: Dangal Shree R. S. , Tian Hanqin , Lu Chaoqun , Pan Shufen , Pederson Neil , Hessl Amy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn arid and semi‐arid regions, grassland degradation has become a major environmental and economic problem, but little information is available on the response of grassland productivity to both climate change and grazing intensity. By developing a grazing module in a process‐based ecosystem model, the dynamic land ecosystem model (DLEM), we explore the roles of climate change, elevated CO2, and varying grazing intensities in affecting aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) across different grassland sites in Mongolia. Our results show that both growing season precipitation totals and average temperature exert important controls on annual ANPP across six sites over a precipitation gradient, explaining 65% and 45% of the interannual variations, respectively. Interannual variation in ANPP, measured as the ratio of standard deviation among years to long‐term mean, increased from 9.5 to 18.9% to 23.9–32.5% along a gradient of high to low precipitation. Historical grazing resulted in a net reduction in ANPP across all sites ranging from 2% to 15.4%. Our results further show that grassland ANPP can be maintained at a grazing intensity of 1.0 and 0.5 sheep/ha at wet and dry sites, respectively, indicating that dry sites are more vulnerable to grazing compared to wet sites. In addition, precipitation use efficiency (PUE) decreased while nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased across a gradient of low to high precipitation. However, grazing resulted in a net reduction in both PUE and NUE by 47% and 67% across all sites. Our results indicate that seasonal precipitation totals, average temperatures and grazing are important regulators of grassland ANPP in Mongolia. These results have important implications for grassland productivity in semi‐arid regions in Central Asia and beyond.
Later at higher latitudes: large‐scale variability in seabird breeding timing and synchronicity
Authors: Burr Zofia M. , Varpe Øystein , Anker‐Nilssen Tycho , Erikstad Kjell Einar , Descamps Sébastien , Barrett Robert T. , Bech Claus , Christensen‐Dalsgaard Signe , Lorentsen Svein‐Håkon , Moe Børge , Reiertsen Tone Kristin , Strøm Hallvard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn seasonal environments, organisms are expected to optimally schedule reproduction within an annual range of environmental conditions. Latitudinal gradients generate a range of seasonality to which we can expect adaptations to have evolved, and can be used to explore drivers of timing strategies across species’ distribution ranges. This study compares the timing of egg hatching in four seabird species (Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica, black‐legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, common guillemot Uria aalge, and Brünnich's guillemot U. lomvia) covering a subarctic to Arctic latitudinal gradient along the Norwegian coast to Svalbard (65–79°N). Hatching was significantly delayed by an estimated 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9 d per latitudinal degree for puffins, kittiwakes, and common guillemots, respectively, but was not delayed for Brünnich's guillemots. Hatching distributions revealed an increase in intra‐annual breeding synchronicity along a latitudinal gradient for kittiwakes only, whereas the two guillemots exhibited high hatching synchronicity at all colonies. We used this large‐scale, multispecies timing data series to discuss constraints, adaptations, and mechanisms affecting breeding timing, a necessary step to recognize risks to populations and predict future ecosystem change.
Survival and growth of three afforestation species under high saline drip irrigation in the Taklimakan Desert, China
Authors: Zhang J. G. , Lei J. Q. , Wang Y. D. , Zhao Y. , Xu X. W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAfforestation of shelterbelts is a sustainable practice to protect highways from shifting sand dunes in desert areas. The Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt (TDHS) in China is known as “the Great Green Wall of Taklimakan Desert” and borders a 436‐km distance along the highway. This study assessed the early survival, above‐ground growth, and root growth of three salt‐ and drought‐tolerant plant species (Calligonum aborescensLitv., Tamarix ramosissimaLedeb.,andHaloxylon ammodendron(C. A. Mey.) Bunge) inTDHS; those were drip‐irrigated with local high saline groundwater. The results demonstrated that more than 80% ofHaloxylon ammodendronseedlings could survive regardless of irrigation water salinities ranging from 2.82 to 29.70 g/L. In contrast, survival rates ofCalligonum aborescensseedlings were greater than 65% when using irrigation water salinities ≤13.99 g/L and less than 50% when irrigated with water having salinities of 20.99–29.70 g/L, respectively. However, plant survival rates ofTamarix ramosissimawere much lower than 50% when irrigated with water having salinities >4.82 g/L. Furthermore, under the same salinity, the height, crown width, and maximum width of basal stems were the greatest forCalligonum aborescensplants and the lowest forTamarix ramosissimaplants. Root length varied among the species depending on tree age and the applied water characteristics. We conclude that afforestation is feasible with saline water in this extreme arid shifting desert, particularlyCalligonum aborescensplants should be grown at the outer margin of the shelterbelt due to its faster growth to more quickly stabilize the shifting sand. Our study may provide a good resolution for afforestation and marginal saline water utility in most arid and semiarid regions.
Non‐native Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) supports consumers in urban lake food webs
Authors: Twardochleb Laura A. , Olden Julian D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNon‐native species are widely regarded as threats to ecosystem structure and function; however, these species may also provide benefits to ecosystems that have lost former functions to environmental degradation. This study evaluated whether non‐native species provide prey resources or induce trophic cul‐de‐sacs (by diverting basal energy away from higher trophic levels) in developed ecosystems where native prey are in decline. We used stable isotopes of 13C, 15N, and 2H to assess whether non‐native Chinese Mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) provides a prey resource to consumers, and maintains the integration of benthic resources into food webs of lakes subjected to lakeshore development. Regardless of Bellamya presence, consumers in undeveloped lakes were supported primarily by benthic resources, and lakeshore development dramatically reduced consumer reliance on these resources. This was at least partly due to a reduction in the availability of native snails, a high‐quality prey item, to the dominant littoral consumer, molluscivorous pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). In developed lakes with non‐native Bellamya, generalist yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and piscivorous largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) consumed benthic resources in proportions similar to undeveloped lakes, and pumpkinseed sunfish consumed Bellamya in higher proportions than in undeveloped lakes. Thus, Bellamya provided a prey substitute in developed lakes where native snail populations were depressed; and Bellamya's influence extended to higher trophic‐level consumers. Our study provides evidence that non‐native species can ameliorate some effects of environmental degradation, and we suggest that future research considers how the effects of non‐native species, either positive or negative, may vary across human‐modified landscapes.
Shallow snowpack inhibits soil respiration in sagebrush steppe through multiple biotic and abiotic mechanisms
Authors: Tucker Colin L. , Tamang Shanker , Pendall Elise , Ogle Kiona 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn sagebrush steppe, snowpack may govern soil respiration through its effect on multiple abiotic and biotic factors. Across the Intermountain West of the United States, snowpack has been declining for decades and is projected to decline further over the next century, making the response of soil respiration to snowpack a potentially important factor in the ecosystem carbon cycle. In this study, we evaluated the direct and indirect roles of the snowpack in driving soil respiration in sagebrush steppe ecosystems by taking advantage of highway snowfences in Wyoming to manipulate snowpack. An important contribution of this study is the use of Bayesian modeling to quantify the effects of soil moisture and temperature on soil respiration across a wide range of conditions from frozen to hot and dry, while simultaneously accounting for biotic factors (e.g., vegetation cover, root density, and microbial biomass and substrate‐use diversity) affected by snowpack. Elevated snow depth increased soil temperature (in the winter) and moisture (winter and spring), and was associated with reduced vegetation cover and microbial biomass carbon. Soil respiration showed an exponential increase with temperature, with a temperature sensitivity that decreased with increasing seasonal temperature (Q10 = 4.3 [winter], 2.3 [spring], and 1.7 [summer]); frozen soils were associated with unrealisticQ10 ≈ 7989 due to the liquid‐to‐ice transition of soil water. Soil respiration was sensitive to soil water content; predicted respiration under very dry conditions was less than 10% of respiration under moist conditions. While higher vegetation cover increased soil respiration, this was not due to increased root density, and may reflect differences in litter inputs. Microbial substrate‐use diversity was negatively related to reference respiration (i.e., respiration rate at a reference temperature and optimal soil moisture), although the mechanism remains unclear. This study indicates that soil respiration is inhibited by shallow snowpack through multiple mechanisms; thus, future decreases in snowpack across the sagebrush steppe have the potential to reduce losses of soil C, potentially affecting regional carbon balance.