bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' experience of mood while waiting for day surgery
Authors: Svensson Margita , Nilsson Ulrica , Svantesson Mia 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim was to describe the moods experienced by people waiting for day surgery.BackgroundExcept for anxiety, there is a lack of knowledge about the moods experienced by patients while waiting for day surgery, as well as the impact of mood during the perioperative period. Preoperative anxiety is common and has multiple negative effects. A deeper knowledge of preoperative moods and how they are experienced is needed and may be useful for improving perioperative care.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews (n = 20) with adults waiting for day surgery in a Swedish university hospital. Data were analysed with inductive content analysis.ResultsThe informants described a variety of moods and mood‐influencing reasons. The main category that emerged was, ‘feeling hope about regaining health as a help to balance mood’ regardless of mood. This category was abstracted from the generic categories ‘experiencing a harmonious mood’ and ‘experiencing a shifting mood’. The subcategories were ‘feeling calm and at ease despite concerns and fear,’ ‘experiencing expectation,’ ‘feeling trust and confidence,’ ‘shifting between expectancy and anxiety,’ ‘feeling vulnerable and exposed, and ‘feeling uncertainty’.ConclusionsThe findings contribute to the knowledge about that regardless of mood, feeling hope about regaining health may help patients to balance their mood during the waiting period.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results can have implications with respect to developing and improving preoperative care, such as having clinicians extend offers of individual assistance and information during the waiting period to patients experiencing shifting mood. Instilling hopefulness in patients who are waiting for day surgery by means of clinical staff attitudes and interactions may help patients to develop healthy coping strategies and thereby improve their physical and emotional well‐being.
Fulminant liver failure resulting from massive hepatic infarction associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome
Authors: Yoshihara Masato , Mayama Michinori , Ukai Mayu , Tano Sho , Kishigami Yasuyuki , Oguchi Hidenori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHepatic infarction is an extremely rare and fatal complication associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. It can develop into fulminant liver failure, which increases both maternal and neonatal mortality rates. A 34‐year‐old woman with no remarkable past medical history developed eclampsia after delivery at 40 weeks of gestation. Imaging indicated massive hepatic infarction and rupture followed by cardiac arrest and fulminant liver failure. Despite liver replacement therapy with plasma exchange and continuous hemodiafiltration, the patient gradually deteriorated with persistent bacterial infection until death at 98 days after delivery. The management of fulminant liver failure complicated with HELLP syndrome should be multidisciplinary. Liver transplantation, the only radical treatment for fulminant liver failure, is worth attempting, if applicable.
The Many Faces of Cerebral Developmental Venous Anomaly and Its Mimicks: Spectrum of Imaging Findings
Authors: Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali , Mamourian Alexander C. , Vossough Arastoo , Loevner Laurie A. , Hurst Robert 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDevelopmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are the most common cerebral vascular malformations and are usually found incidentally on neuroimaging studies. Despite the benign nature of DVAs, occasionally, they can be symptomatic. The objective of this article is to review the spectrum of imaging findings of DVAs on conventional and advanced imaging studies. In addition, neuroimaging findings of symptomatic DVAs as well as imaging mimicks will also be described to assist in the approach to differential diagnosis.
Induction of apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells via p53 activation by a novel small-molecule MDM2 inhibitor – LQFM030
Authors: da Mota Mariana F , Cortez Alane P , Benfica Polyana L , Rodrigues Bruna dos S , Castro Thalyta F , Macedo Larissa M , Castro Carlos H , Lião Luciano M , de Carvalho Flávio S , Romeiro Luiz A S , Menegatti Ricardo , Verli Hugo , Villavicencio Bianca , Valadares Marize C 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective
The activation of the p53 pathway through the inhibition of MDM2 has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy against tumours. A series of cis-imidazoline analogues, termed nutlins, were reported to displace the recombinant p53 protein from its complex with MDM2 by binding to MDM2 in the p53 pocket, and exhibited an antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumour properties of LQFM030 (2), a nutlin analogue created by employing the strategy of molecular simplification.

Methods
LQFM030 (2) cytotoxicity was evaluated in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells, p53 wild type, by the trypan blue exclusion test, and the mechanisms involved in EAT cell death were investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, real-time PCR and Western blotting.

Key findings
Our results demonstrate that LQFM030 has dose-dependent antiproliferative activity and cytotoxic activity on EAT cells, induces the accumulation of p53 protein and promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. p53 gene transcription was unaffected by LQFM030 (2); however, MDM2 mRNA increased and MDM2 protein decreased.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the small-molecule p53 activator LQFM030 (2) has the potential for further development as a novel cancer therapeutic agent.
L503F variant of carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 efficiently transports metformin and other biguanides
Authors: Futatsugi Azusa , Masuo Yusuke , Kawabata Shiori , Nakamichi Noritaka , Kato Yukio 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) is involved in gastrointestinal absorption and mitochondrial toxicity of biguanides in rodents, but its pharmacokinetic roles in humans are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the transport activities of two major OCTN1 variants, L503F and I306T, for gabapentin and three biguanide drugs, metformin, buformin and phenformin.

Methods
HEK293 cells were transfected with OCTN1 gene, its variants, or vector alone, and the uptake and cytotoxicity of each drug were examined.

Key findings
Buformin was identified to be an OCTN1 substrate. Uptake of biguanides, especially metformin, mediated by OCTN1 variant L503F, which is commonly found in Caucasians, was much higher than that by the wild-type transporter (WT-OCTN1). Cytotoxicity of metformin was also greater in HEK293 cells expressing the L503F variant, compared with WT-OCTN1. Uptake of gabapentin mediated by OCTN1 variant I306T, which is commonly found in both Asians and Caucasians, was lower than that by WT-OCTN1, although uptake of the typical OCTN1 substrate ergothioneine was similar.

Conclusion
Organic cation transporter 1 variant L503F transports biguanides, especially metformin, more efficiently than WT-OCTN1, whereas the I306T variant transports gabapentin less efficiently than WT-OCTN1, suggesting that the common OCTN1 variants may alter pharmacokinetics of these drugs.
Assessing the factors influencing natural regeneration patterns in the diverse, multi‐cohort, and managed forests of Maine,USA
Authors: Bose Arun K. , Weiskittel Aaron , Wagner Robert G. , Kuehne Christian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the primary biotic and abiotic factors driving composition and abundance of naturally regenerated tree seedlings across forest landscapes of Maine? Do seedling species richness (SR) and density (SD) decrease with improved growing conditions (climate and soil), but increase with increased diversity of overstorey composition and structure? Does partial harvesting disproportionately favour relative dominance of shade‐intolerant hardwoods (PIHD) over shade‐tolerant softwoods (PTSD)?LocationForest landscapes across the diverse eco‐regions and forest types of Maine,USA.MethodsThis study usedUSDAForest Service Forest Inventory Analysis permanent plots (n = 10 842), measured every 5 yr since 1999. The best models for each response variable (SR,SD,PIHDandPTSD) were developed based onAICand biological interpretability, while considering 35 potential explanatory variables incorporating climate, soil, site productivity, overstorey structure and composition, and past harvesting.ResultsMean annual temperature was the most important abiotic factor, whereas overstorey tree size diversity was the most important biotic factor forSRandSD. Both mean annual temperature and overstorey tree size diversity had a curvilinear relationship withSRandSD. Average overstorey shade tolerance and percentage tolerant softwood basal area in the overstorey were the top predictor variables ofPIHDandPTSD,respectively. Partial harvesting favouredPIHDbut notPTSD.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to comprehensively evaluate a number of factors influencing naturally established tree seedlings at a broad landscape scale in the Northern Forest region of the easternUSAand Canada. Despite limitations associated with relatively small plot size, large seedling size class and lack of direct measurements of light, water and nutrients, this study documents the influence of these factors amid high variability associated with patterns of natural regeneration. The curvilinear relationship between mean annual temperature withSRandSDsupports the argument that species richness and abundance usually have unimodal relationships with productivity indicators, whereas the curvilinear relationship between overstorey tree size diversity andSRandSDsuggest that moderate overstorey diversity incorporates multiple species as well as higher seedling individuals.
Biodiversity–ecosystem function experiments reveal the mechanisms underlying the consequences of biodiversity change in real world ecosystems
Authors: Eisenhauer Nico , Barnes Andrew D. , Cesarz Simone , Craven Dylan , Ferlian Olga , Gottschall Felix , Hines Jes , Sendek Agnieszka , Siebert Julia , Thakur Madhav P. , Türke Manfred 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn a recent Forum paper, Wardle (Journal of Vegetation Science, 2016) questions the value of biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) experiments with respect to their implications for biodiversity changes in real world communities. The main criticism is that the previous focus of BEF experiments on random species assemblages within each level of diversity has ‘limited the understanding of how natural communities respond to biodiversity loss.’ He concludes that a broader spectrum of approaches considering both non‐random gains and losses of diversity is essential to advance this field of research. Wardle's paper is timely because of recent observations of frequent local and regional biodiversity changes across ecosystems. While we appreciate that new and complementary experimental approaches are required for advancing the field, we question criticisms regarding the validity of BEF experiments. Therefore, we respond by briefly reiterating previous arguments emphasizing the reasoning behind random species composition in BEF experiments. We describe how BEF experiments have identified important mechanisms that play a role in real world ecosystems, advancing our understanding of ecosystem responses to species gains and losses. We discuss recent examples where theory derived from BEF experiments enriched our understanding of the consequences of biodiversity changes in real world ecosystems and where comprehensive analyses and integrative modelling approaches confirmed patterns found in BEF experiments. Finally, we provide some promising directions in BEF research.
Captive Breeding of Threatened African Carp, Labeo victorianus, of Lake Victoria
Authors: Kembenya Elijah M. , Marcial Helen S. , Outa Nicholas O. , Sakakura Yoshitaka , Hagiwara Atsushi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAfrican carp, Labeo victorianus, is one of the threatened endemic fishes of Lake Victoria which requires conservation and has potential for aquaculture. We conducted a series of experiments on L. victorianus aiming at producing juveniles for both human consumption and stock enhancement. A total of 79 broodstock (mean body weight = 227.06 g) were collected from the wild; packed at 200, 300, and 500 g/L; and transported by road for 7 h. All fish survived during transportation whereas dissolved oxygen decreased and total ammonia nitrogen increased significantly after transport. Females produced 46,702–86,712 eggs (mean = 68,189 ± 2397) and fecundity was highly correlated with the fish body size (R2 = 0.96). Only males re‐spawned in captivity while females did not. At 28 C, females spawned 11–12 h after pairing with males. Larvae can either be fed with formulated diet or natural zooplankton. Juveniles (mean length = 36.7 mm; mean body weight = 0.46 g) can be packed as high as 60 fish/L and transported by road for 12 h with low mortality (2.7–10.3%). These results show that captive breeding of L. victorianus can be a good strategy to produce juveniles to boost wild population as well as a source of seeds for culture.
The barley (Hordeum vulgare) cellulose synthase‐like D2 gene (HvCslD2) mediates penetration resistance to host‐adapted and nonhost isolates of the powdery mildew fungus
Authors: Douchkov Dimitar , Lueck Stefanie , Hensel Goetz , Kumlehn Jochen , Rajaraman Jeyaraman , Johrde Annika , Doblin Monika S. , Beahan Cherie T. , Kopischke Michaela , Fuchs René , Lipka Volker , Niks Rients E. , Bulone Vincent , Chowdhury Jamil , Little Alan , Burton Rachel A. , Bacic Antony , Fincher Geoffrey B. , Schweizer Patrick 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Cell walls and cellular turgor pressure shape and suspend the bodies of all vascular plants. In response to attack by fungal and oomycete pathogens, which usually breach their host's cell walls by mechanical force or by secreting lytic enzymes, plants often form local cell wall appositions (papillae) as an important first line of defence. The involvement of cell wall biosynthetic enzymes in the formation of these papillae is still poorly understood, especially in cereal crops.

To investigate the role in plant defence of a candidate gene from barley (Hordeum vulgare) encoding cellulose synthase‐like D2 (HvCslD2), we generated transgenic barley plants in which HvCslD2 was silenced through RNA interference (RNAi).

The transgenic plants showed no growth defects but their papillae were more successfully penetrated by host‐adapted, virulent as well as avirulent nonhost isolates of the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis. Papilla penetration was associated with lower contents of cellulose in epidermal cell walls and increased digestion by fungal cell wall degrading enzymes.

The results suggest that HvCslD2‐mediated cell wall changes in the epidermal layer represent an important defence reaction both for nonhost and for quantitative host resistance against nonadapted wheat and host‐adapted barley powdery mildew pathogens, respectively.
Age of onset of myopia predicts risk of high myopia in later childhood in myopic Singapore children
Authors: Chua Sharon Y. L. , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Cheung Yin‐Bun , Chia Audrey , Valenzuela Robert K. , Tan Donald , Wong Tien‐Yin , Cheng Ching‐Yu , Saw Seang‐Mei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of age of myopia onset on the severity of myopia later in life among myopic children.MethodsIn this prospective study, school children aged 7–9 years from the Singapore Cohort Of the Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM) were followed up till 11 years (n = 928). Age of myopia onset was defined either through questionnaire at baseline (age 7–9 years) or subsequent annual follow‐up visits. Age of onset of myopia was a surrogate indicator of duration of myopia progression till age 11 years. Cycloplegic refraction and axial length were measured at every annual eye examination. High myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of ≤−5.0 D. A questionnaire determined the other risk factors.ResultsIn multivariable regression models, younger age of myopia onset (per year decrease) or longer duration of myopia progression was associated with high myopia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.86; 95% CI: 2.39 to 3.43), more myopic spherical equivalent (regression coefficient (β) = −0.86 D; 95% CI: −0.93 to −0.80) and longer axial length (β = 0.28 mm; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.32) at aged 11 years, after adjusting for gender, race, school, books per week and parental myopia. In Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analyses, age of myopia onset alone predicted high myopia by 85% (area under the curve = 0.85), while the addition of other factors including gender, race, school, books per week and parental myopia only marginally improved this prediction (area under the curve = 0.87).ConclusionsAge of myopia onset or duration of myopia progression was the most important predictor of high myopia in later childhood in myopic children. Future trials to retard the progression of myopia to high myopia could focus on children with younger age of myopia onset or with longer duration of myopia progression.
The use of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) as a biomarker of time spent outdoors
Authors: Kearney Stephanie , O'Donoghue Lisa , Pourshahidi L. Kirsty , Richardson Patrick M. , Saunders Kathryn J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeConjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) has been used in previous Southern Hemisphere myopia research as a marker for time spent outdoors. The validity of CUVAF as an indicator of time spent outdoors is yet to be explored in the Northern Hemisphere. It is unclear if CUVAF represents damage attributed to UV exposure or dry eye. This cross‐sectional study investigated the association between CUVAF measures, self‐reported time spent outdoors and measures of dry eye.MethodsParticipants were recruited from University staff and students (n = 50, 19–64 years; mean 41). None were using topical ocular medications (with the exception of dry eye treatments). Sun exposure and dry eye questionnaires (Ocular Surface Disease Index and McMonnies) were completed by the participant. Dryness was also assessed using slit lamp biomicroscopy and invasive tear break up time. Images of the temporal and nasal conjunctiva from the right and left eye were captured using a bespoke photography system. The total CUVAF area, average CUVAF pixel intensity per mm2 and total CUVAF pixel intensity were analysed using MATLAB R2013a (The MathWorks Inc).ResultsOf the 50 participants, 42% were classified as having dry eye. Self‐reported sunglasses use was negatively associated with all CUVAF measures (Kruskal Wallis total CUVAF area, p = 0.04, ptrend = 0.03, average CUVAF pixel intensity p = 0.02, ptrend = 0.02, total CUVAF pixel intensity: p = 0.04, ptrend = 0.02). Time spent outdoors was positively associated with all CUVAF measures (Spearman's correlation coefficients, total CUVAF area: r = 0.37, p = 0.01, average CUVAF pixel intensity: r = 0.36, p = 0.01, total CUVAF pixel intensity: r = 0.37, p = 0.01) and remained significant when sunglasses use was controlled for (partial correlation, total CUVAF area: r = 0.32, p = 0.03, average CUVAF pixel intensity: r = 0.39, p = 0.01, total CUVAF pixel intensity: r = 0.39, p = 0.03). Neither CUVAF area nor intensity measures were associated with any dry eye measure (Ocular Surface Disease Index: all p ≥ 0.41, corneal staining: all p ≥ 0.38, McMonnies: all r ≤ 0.09 all p ≥ 0.52, slit lamp biomicroscopy: all r ≤ 0.20 all p ≥ 0.17, invasive tear break up time: all r ≤ −0.07 all p ≥ 0.31).ConclusionsCUVAF area and intensity were not associated with clinical measures of dry eye. Greater CUVAF area and intensity were associated with wearing sunglasses less frequently and spending more time outdoors. If sunglass wear is accounted for, CUVAF may be a useful biomarker of time spent outdoors in future myopia studies.
Mormon crickets maximize nutrient intake at the expense of immunity
Authors: Srygley Robert B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCarbohydrates and protein comprise two of the major macronutrients and many animals regulate their dietary intake of both. In the field, the carbohydrate (C) to protein (P) intake of Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex Haldeman (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is indicative of a nutritional imbalance affecting both migration and immunity. In the present study, dietary choice experiments in the laboratory are used to investigate the preferences of Mormon cricket nymphs and adults for C and P. Diets of differing C : P ratios and amounts are presented in pairs to permit Mormon crickets to reach an intake target of C : P from four unique starting points. After the last pair of diets is removed, phenoloxidase (PO) and anti‐bacterial activity are assayed. Both males and females at the adult and nymphal stages show a strong preference for the diet richest in macronutrients, with an equal preference for C or P. When given a choice between a high C diet or a high P diet, Mormon crickets select both at random, balancing their daily intake of C and P. Weight gain is dependent on the mass of P consumed, with a conversion factor greater than four times that of C consumed. As predicted, Mormon cricket nymphs and adults that consume more P have higher titres of total phenoloxidase and, in addition, lysozyme‐like anti‐bacterial activity is independent of dietary treatment. In nature, omnivores might consume an excess of one macronutrient because they often find the other through active searching of their local habitat. However, environmental change and interspecific or intraspecific competition can challenge the ability of an organism to encounter the required nutrients on a local scale, contributing to long‐distance migratory behaviours.
Physiological state influences the antennal response of Anastrepha obliqua to male and host volatiles
Authors: Reyes Humberto , Malo Edi A. , Toledo Jorge , Cruz‐Esteban Samuel , Rojas Julio C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe sexual and host‐related behaviours of the fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) are mediated by volatile compounds. However, whether the physiological state of this species affects its antennal and behavioural responses to semiochemicals is unknown. The effects of age, mating status, diet and the topical application of methoprene, a Juvenile hormone analogue (JHA), on the antennal sensitivity of this tephritid fruit fly species to selected male [(Z)‐3‐nonenol] and host fruit volatiles (ethyl benzoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butyrate and trans‐β‐ocimene) are investigated using electroantennography (EAG). Overall, (Z)‐3‐nonenol and ethyl benzoate elicit the highest EAG responses in both sexes. Flies of both sexes aged 1, 5 and 10 days old show higher EAG responses to the tested compounds compared with flies aged 20 days old. Virgin females and males show higher EAG responses to volatile compounds than mated flies. Females and males fed with sugar plus protein show higher antennal responses to volatiles compared with flies fed sugar or protein alone. Flies of both sexes treated with methoprene show higher antennal responses than flies treated with acetone (control). These results suggest that the peripheral olfactory system in A. obliqua is modulated by the physiological state of the flies.