bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molluscicidal Activity of Euphorbiales against the Snail Indoplanorbis exustus
Authors: Singh A. , Agarwal R. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMortality caused to the snail Indoplanorbis exustus by the latices of four species of plants belonging to the family euphorbiaceae has been reported. This snail is the vector of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. It was found that very low concentrations of the latex were effective in killing the snails. The order of toxicity of the four plants was E. royleana > E. antisyphilitica > E. lactea cristata > J. gossypiifolia. The toxic activity of these plants was marginally lost after extraction by organic solvents. The toxic effect of all the plants was both dose and time dependent. It has been suggested that the latex of these plants may eventually find use as molluscicides in the field.
Exoten auf dem Vormarsch: Riesen‐Weberknecht, Buchsbaumzünsler und Nilgans
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUnter den zahlreichen Neozoen in Mitteleuropa sorgen diese drei Arten in jüngster Zeit für besonderes Aufsehen: Noch nicht identifizierte “Riesen‐Weberknechte” (Leiobunum sp. A) formen tagsüber an Gebäuden spektakuläre Ansammlungen, der Buchsbaumzünsler (Cydalima perspectalis) bringt in immer mehr Städten und Ortschaften Gartenfreunde zur Verzweiflung und die Nilgans (Alopochen aegyptiacus) ist aktueller Ausbreitungs‐Rekordhalter bei den eingeschleppten Vögeln.
Reduced interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 but not in CA3 region of mice subjected to chronic mild stress
Authors: Gilabert‐Juan Javier , Bueno‐Fernandez Clara , Castillo‐Gomez Esther , Nacher Juan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionChronic stress induces dendritic atrophy and decreases spine density in excitatory hippocampal neurons, although there is also ample evidence indicating that the GABAergic system is altered in the hippocampus after this aversive experience. Chronic stress causes dendritic remodeling both in excitatory neurons and interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.MethodsIn order to know whether it also has an impact on the structure and neurotransmission of hippocampal interneurons, we have analyzed the dendritic arborization, spine density, and the expression of markers of inhibitory synapses and plasticity in the hippocampus of mice submitted to 21 days of mild restrain stress. The analyses were performed in GIN mice, a strain that displays EGFP‐labeled interneurons.ResultsWe observed a significant decrease in the dendritic arborization of interneurons in the CA1 region, which did not occur in those in CA3. We found neither changes in dendritic spine density in these regions nor alterations in the number of EGFP‐positive interneurons. Nevertheless, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 was reduced in different layers of CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. No significant changes were found in the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) or synaptophysin.ConclusionsChronic stress reduces the interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 region of the hippocampus but not in CA3.
Strain‐ and time‐dependent alterations in hepatic iron metabolism in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Bloomer Steven A. , Olivier Alicia K. , Bergmann Ottar M. , Mathahs M. Meleah , Broadhurst Kimberly A. , Hicsasmaz Hasan , Brown Kyle E. 
Published: December 2016

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a common liver disease that is often accompanied by dysregulated iron metabolism. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that aberrant iron metabolism in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is modulated by genetic susceptibility to inflammation and oxidative stress. Hepatic histology and iron content were assessed in 3 inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H/HeJ) fed an atherogenic diet (AD). Hepatic expression of genes relevant to iron metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress were quantitated by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. At 6 weeks on the AD, histologic injury and induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress‐associated gene expression were most pronounced in C57BL/6. At 18 weeks on the AD, these parameters were similar in C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Atherogenic diet–fed C3H/HeJ showed milder responses at both time points. The AD was associated with decreased hepatic iron concentrations in all strains at 6 and 18 weeks. The decrease in hepatic iron concentrations did not correlate with changes in hepcidin expression and was not associated with altered expression of iron transporters. These findings are similar to those observed in models of obesity‐induced steatosis and indicate that hepatic steatosis can be associated with depletion of iron stores that is not explained by upregulation of hepcidin expression by inflammation.Significance of the studyNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common liver disease that often accompanies the metabolic syndrome. The latter condition has been linked to iron deficiency and diminished intestinal iron absorption, likely the result of hepcidin upregulation by chronic inflammation. Paradoxically, some NASH patients accumulate excess hepatic iron, which may increase fibrosis and cancer risk. Iron accumulation has been attributed to suppression of hepcidin by oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the contributions of inflammation and oxidative stress to altered hepatic iron metabolism in a murine model of NASH using inbred strains of mice with differing susceptibilities to injury.
Editorial Essay On business theory and influential scholarship: What makes research interesting?
Authors: Baba Vishwanath V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCouched within a theory of business, I explore what makes business scholarship influential and examine aspects that make a paper interesting to its audience. I present a framework that combines several attributes of influential scholarship and a model for interesting research. I provide examples of interesting scholarship and theorize as to why they are interesting and why they might be influential. I conclude with suggestions for what individuals and institutions can do to promote and sustain influential scholarship. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LOVTRAP: A Versatile Method to Control Protein Function with Light
Authors: Wang Hui , Hahn Klaus M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe describe a detailed procedure for the use of LOVTRAP, an approach to reversibly sequester and release proteins from cellular membranes using light. In the application described here, proteins that act at the plasma membrane are held at mitochondria in the dark, and reversibly released by irradiation. The technique relies on binding of an engineered Zdk domain to a LOV2 domain, with affinity <30 nM in the dark and >500 nM upon irradiation between 400 and 500 nm. LOVTRAP can be applied to diverse proteins, as it requires attaching only one member of the Zdk/LOV2 pair to the target protein, and the other to the membrane where the target protein is to be sequestered. Light‐induced protein release occurs in less than a second, and the half‐life of return can be adjusted using LOV point mutations (∼2 to 500 sec). © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hepatic Vitamin A Content Investigation Using Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Legesse Fisseha Bekele , Heuke Sandro , Galler Kerstin , Hoffmann Patrick , Schmitt Michael , Neugebauer Ute , Bauer Michael , Popp Jürgen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the research group of Prof. Dr. Jürgen Popp at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology. The image shows how coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is used to map the distribution of vitamin A localized in the hepatic stellate cells of the liver. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600929.
Histopathological Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle with Specific Reference to Mouse Models of Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Terry Rebecca L. , Wells Dominic J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe muscular dystrophies are a diverse group of degenerative diseases for which many mouse models are available. These models are frequently used to assess potential therapeutic interventions and histological evaluation of multiple muscles is an important part of this assessment. Histological evaluation is especially useful when combined with tests of muscle function. This unit describes a protocol for necropsy, processing, cryosectioning, and histopathological evaluation of murine skeletal muscles, which is applicable to both models of muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular conditions. Key histopathological features of dystrophic muscle are discussed using the mdx mouse (a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy) as an example. Optimal handling during dissection, processing and sectioning is vital to avoid artifacts that can confound or prevent future analyses. Muscles carefully processed using this protocol are suitable for further evaluation using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, special histochemical stains, and immuoblotting. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Latest Trends of Transformer Bushing Seismic Analysis
Authors: IWASAKI SHINYA , UCHIDA MASAKI , ETO ATSUSHI , KATO YOSHIHIRO , MIYAGAWA YOSHINORI , NARA TSUTOMU , SATO KENJI , TSUJI KAZUHIRO , TANAKA NAOKI 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYIn Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake, many of the power equipment (especially center clamping type bushings for power transformers) were damaged due to the seismic motion that exceeds the design criteria. The problem of the conventional seismic analysis became clear as the actual damage was revealed. Since elaboration of seismic analysis and evaluation technology was called for, the elaboration possibility of seismic analysis was verified by carrying out comparison with various test results and the analysis result by the latest technique.
Flexible Coloring Element by Using Bending Deformation of Electroactive Hydrogel
Authors: USUKI KODAI , ONOE HIROAKI , IWASE EIJI 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYWe demonstrated coloring elements with high ratio change of the coloring area by using bending deformation of electroactive hydrogel. By using the nondimensional deflection α of a gel, we showed that the response time for the color change and the thickness of the coloring element can be designed. We fabricated a 3 × 3 dot‐matrix display with α of 0.56 and evaluated the performance of the coloring element. As a result, the coloring area ratios in black state and colored state were 7.64 ± 4.6% and 92.1 ± 4.6%, respectively. The response times were 12 s from blank state to colored state, and 13 s from colored state to blank state.
Electrostatic Neutralization Characteristics of an AC‐Corona‐Discharge‐Type Ionizer in Mixed N2‐O2, N2‐SF6 Atmosphere
Authors: NEMOTO DAISUKE , KRISTANTO YUDI , HE WANTING , MATSUO TAKESHI , SATO NAOYUKI , OKANO KAZUO , IKEHATA TAKASHI 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYWe are developing an electrostatic neutralizer operating in an atmosphere without oxygen for the organic electronics fabrication industry. As a part of the study, we investigated ion generation and neutralization characteristics of an ac‐corona‐discharge‐type ionizer in different atmospheric gases such as ambient air, pure nitrogen, and mixed N2‐O2 and N2‐SF6 gases, with changing the partial pressure of O2 and SF6, respectively. The I–V characteristic of the emitter shows that the negative current in N2 gas is significantly greater than the positive one; thus, the product final voltage VPF gives a significant deviation to a negative value (about –2 kV). However, by introducing SF6 gas by 0.01%, VPF reduces to about 0 V as that in ambient air. The amount of SF6 needed to improve the ion balance is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of O2, due to higher electronic affinity that a SF6 molecule has.
Ungulate control of grassland production: grazing intensity and ungulate species composition in Yellowstone Park
Authors: Frank Douglas A. , Wallen Rick L. , White P. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the envelope of grazing conditions within which grassland plant and soil processes are sustainable is important for the ecologically sound management of grazed grassland. Here we examined how a recent shift from elk to bison dominance of the northern ungulate community in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), and an associated increase in the duration that grassland was grazed, affected grazing intensity and aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Mean grazing intensity (GI, percentage ANPP removed) and stimulation (grazed ANPP minus ungrazed [exclosed] ANPP) were compared among three studies, two when elk (1988–1989, 1999–2001) and one when bison (2012–2014) dominated the northern YNP ungulate community. We also manipulated GI with small exclosures established for different lengths of time after the start of the growing season to directly determine the effect of the combination of grazing duration (GD) and GI on stimulation at a dry grassland and a mesic grassland. GI was greater under a bison‐dominant grazing regime (49%) compared with that measured during the two earlier periods when elk were the dominant ungulate species (31%, 13%). Plotting stimulation on GI for sites sampled across all three studies revealed a unimodal relationship, with peak stimulation of 34% occurring at a GI of 40%. Manipulating GI indicated that the greater GI and longer GD of grazing under a bison‐dominant regime reduced stimulation at a mesic grassland and negated it completely at a dry grassland. These findings revealed that a shift in the grazing ungulate community composition and an associated change in the migratory behavior of the dominant species impacted YNP grassland processes. Results also showed that grassland ANPP was resilient to the relatively high rates of prolonged grazing by the bison‐dominant community and did not reduce ANPP below paired, ungrazed conditions. However, YNP grassland should be continued to be monitored if such high rates of herbivory continue.
The end of the mythical giant catfish
Authors: Boulêtreau Stéphanie , Santoul Frédéric 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe European catfish Silurus glanis is the largest freshwater fish (excluding anadromous species) in Europe. Its measurements raise many concerns about its potential impact on recipient ecosystems and fish communities and also feed many rumors and fantasies. It is largely accepted that the largest individual ever caught was 5 m long and weighed 306 kg. This information has been reported in the scientific literature for at least a century and is now reported in numerous specialized Web sites. In this manuscript, we test the hypothesis that such a huge European catfish specimen, and other specimens of similar size, have never existed. We demonstrate inconsistency between the reported record body dimensions and the normal species length: weight ratio established from growth curves in several European sites. We examined the original picture of the record specimen and concluded this record specimen is likely misidentification of a sturgeon. At the present time, the accurate largest individual of Silurus glanis was caught in the Rhône River in Southern France and measured 2.73 m and weighed 130 kg. Although still a very impressive megafish, it is nevertheless much smaller than this mythical European catfish.
Dynamic N‐occupancy models: estimating demographic rates and local abundance from detection‐nondetection data
Authors: Rossman Sam , Yackulic Charles B. , Saunders Sarah P. , Reid Janice , Davis Ray , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOccupancy modeling is a widely used analytical technique for assessing species distributions and range dynamics. However, occupancy analyses frequently ignore variation in abundance of occupied sites, even though site abundances affect many of the parameters being estimated (e.g., extinction, colonization, detection probability). We introduce a new model (“dynamic N‐occupancy”) capable of providing accurate estimates of local abundance, population gains (reproduction/immigration), and apparent survival probabilities while accounting for imperfect detection using only detection/nondetection data. Our model utilizes heterogeneity in detection based on variations in site abundances to estimate latent demographic rates via a dynamic N‐mixture modeling framework. We validate our model using simulations across a wide range of values and examine the data requirements, including the number of years and survey sites needed, for unbiased and precise estimation of parameters. We apply our model to estimate spatiotemporal heterogeneity in abundances of barred owls (Strix varia) within a recently invaded region in Oregon (USA). Estimates of apparent survival and population gains are consistent with those from a nearby radio‐tracking study and elucidate how barred owl abundances have increased dramatically over time. The dynamic N‐occupancy model greatly improves inferences on individual‐level population processes from occupancy data by explicitly modeling the latent population structure.
Dietary β‐sitosterol is more potent in reducing plasma cholesterol than sesamin in hypercholesterolemia hamsters
Authors: Lei Lin , Zhu Hanyue , Zhang Chengnan , Wang Xiaobo , Ma Ka Ying , Wang Lijun , Zhao Yimin , Chen Zhen‐Yu 
Published: December 2016

Plant sterols have become very popular as a health supplement while sesamin is a promising natural compound in management of hypercholesterolemia. The present study was to compare the cholesterol‐lowering potency of sesamin with that of β‐sitosterol in hypercholesterolemia hamsters. Thirty‐four hamsters were divided into four groups fed one of four diets namely non‐cholesterol diet (NCD), 0.2% cholesterol diet (HCD) or one of two experimental diets containing 0.2% cholesterol with addition of 0.2% sesamin (Se) and 0.2% β‐sitosterol (Si), respectively, for 9 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) in hamsters given the NCD, HCD, Se and Si diets was 174.7, 340.3, 308.6, and 272.7 mg/dL, respectively, indicating dietary β‐sitosterol had a stronger cholesterol‐lowering activity than sesamin. β‐Sitosterol was more effective in decreasing liver cholesterol and increasing the excretion of total fecal sterols compared with sesamin. The in vitro study demonstrated that β‐sitosterol could displace cholesterol from micelle solutions more than sesamin. It was therefore concluded that dietary β‐sitoserol is a better cholesterol‐lowering supplement than sesamin at least in this hamster model.Practical applications: Both sesamin and β‐sitosterol are used as health supplements in management of hypercholesterolemia. The present study compared the potency of sesamin in reducing plasma cholesterol compared with that of β‐sitosterol. Results found that β‐sitosterol exhibited a higher plasma‐cholesterol lowering activity than sesamin and thus is a more potent hypocholesterolemia supplement.β‐Sitosterol is more effective in reducing plasma cholesterol by displacing cholesterol from micelles than sesamin.
On the “When” of Social Experiments: The Tension Between Program Refinement and Abandonment
Authors: Epstein Diana , Klerman Jacob Alex 
Published: December 2016

AbstractModern program evaluation theory posits a rigorous impact evaluation tollgate. Programs are developed and tested via rigorous impact evaluation (often, but not exclusively, random assignment). Programs that pass this tollgate proceed to broader rollout. Results from implementing this theory are disappointing. Few programs pass the tollgate, raising the question: What now? Refine the program or abandon it? Epstein and Klerman () posit that piloting and verifying the intermediate steps of the logic model can screen out programs unlikely to pass the rigorous impact evaluation tollgate. Again, that proposal raises the question: How should we proceed when a program fails to satisfy its own logic model? Refine the program or abandon it? The chapter presents several perspectives on this question and compares them against the Social Innovation Fund's experience with one of its grantees.
On the “Why” of Social Experiments: Some Lessons on Overcoming Barriers from 45 Years of Social Experiments
Authors: Rolston Howard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNearly a half century has passed since August 1968 when the first families were enrolled in the New Jersey Income Maintenance Experiment, the first large‐scale social policy evaluation to use random assignment. Over that time, the field of social policy experiments has expanded greatly with particularly fast growth occurring since the turn of the 21st century. This dramatic growth has several dimensions, including both the volume of experiments and the numbers of areas of social policy involved. This chapter focuses on the evolving contexts in which social policy experiments have taken place, with attention to how they have overcome obstacles to their use.
Photobiology in protected horticulture
Authors: Davis Phillip A. , Burns Claire 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe introduction of high power LED lighting systems for horticulture has stimulated substantial interest from both the research community and the protected horticulture industry. LED lighting systems have the potential to reduce electrical energy consumption compared to conventional high pressure sodium lights and their energy efficiency continues to improve. In addition to the potential of LEDs to reduce carbon footprints and reduce running costs, LED lighting also provides considerable opportunities to exploit the wealth of photobiological knowledge to produce horticultural benefits. The narrow emission spectra of LEDs allows lighting systems to be tightly designed to stimulate specific plant photoreceptors, allowing plants to be manipulated to produce desirable characteristics. Lighting systems can be designed to maximize growth, control morphology, and optimize flavor and pigmentation. This review outlines how the light spectrum influences photosynthesis and how plant photoreceptors sense light and control growth. The review then discusses the ways in which this knowledge is being implemented in commercial horticulture to improve factors such as yield, flavor, color, plant growth, and flowering as well as pest and pathogen management and control. Research in this area is moving rapidly as the LED systems improve and increase in efficiency and as the range of novel horticultural applications expands.