bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health actions in response to pathogen detection in sewage: a scoping review protocol
Authors: de Jong Maarten , de Korne-Elenbaas Jolinda , Fanoy Ewout , Medema Gertjan , de Graaf Miranda , Baidjoe Amrish Y. , Prins Maria , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. , Daams Joost , de Roda Husman Ana Maria , Heijne Janneke C.M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfectious disease surveillance and outbreak investigations have significantly benefited from sewage monitoring as an indicator for pathogen circulation in human populations. The use of sewage surveillance accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic with the quantification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in sewage providing predictions of SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospital admissions. A comprehensive overview how sewage monitoring can further inform local and regional public health actions proactively is needed to optimize its future use. By conducting a scoping review, we aim to provide an overview of reported public health actions as a response to sewage monitoring for pathogens.MethodsThis scoping review will include peer-reviewed published literature from the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science. Literature describing public health actions as a response to sewage monitoring in the field of human infectious diseases will be considered for inclusion. Literature not written in English, published prior to 1 January 2014, systematic reviews, editorials and letters to the editor will be excluded. Screening of literature against the inclusion criteria and the subsequent data extraction will be performed by two reviewers. The described public health actions, and corresponding sewage sampling methods and microbiological analytic tools and techniques that can be applied on sewage samples for detecting pathogens will also be extracted. The extracted data from included literature will be combined into a narrative synthesis.
Human Papillomavirus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Brian Y. , Hirayama Shun , Goss Deborah , Zhao Yan , Faden Daniel L. 
Published: September 2024

Structured AbstractObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is known to affect head and neck sites beyond the oropharynx, including the nasopharynx. Unlike HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+OPSCC), HPV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HPV+NPC) is not well characterized and the true prevalence in non-endemic regions is poorly described. Here, we sought to obtain a global point prevalence of HPV in NPC, stratified by geographic region.Data SourcesEMBASE, OVID Medline, and Web of Science were systematically searched for available evidence on September 21, 2022 for articles published between January 1, 1990 and September 21, 2022.Review MethodsWe reviewed the literature for all studies examining NPC and HPV status in adult patients that provided a quantitative HPV prevalence. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Main outcome and measures included HPV+NPC prevalence estimates stratified by geographic region, along with other clinical and demographic features.ResultsOf the 1567 citations retrieved, 46 studies encompassing 6314 NPC patients were eligible for statistical analysis. The global prevalence of HPV+NPC was 0.18 (95% CI 0.14-0.23). When stratified by geographic region, prevalence was highest in North America (0.25, 95% CI 0.17-0.36), which is a non-endemic region for NPC and also has highest prevalence for HPV+OPSCC. Asia, an endemic area, had the lowest HPV prevalence estimate (0.13, 95% CI 0.08-0.22). HPV 16 (44%) and 18 (33%) were the predominant genotypes in HPV+NPC, dissimilar to HPV+OPSCC.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis provides a global point prevalence of HPV+NPC stratified by geographic region and suggests that HPV is a significant etiological factor of NPC in North America.
Antibiotic De-escalation Patterns and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Pneumonia as Informed by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Results
Authors: Zhu Mengou , Pickens Chiagozie I. , Markov Nikolay S. , Pawlowski Anna , Kang Mengjia , Rasmussen Luke V. , Walter James M. , Nadig Nandita R. , Singer Benjamin D. , Wunderink Richard G. , Gao Catherine A. ,   The NU SCRIPT Study Investigators
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic stewardship in critically ill pneumonia patients is crucial yet challenging, partly due to the limited diagnostic yield of noninvasive infectious tests. In this study, we report an antibiotic prescription pattern informed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) results, where clinicians de-escalate antibiotics based on the combination of quantitative cultures and multiplex PCR rapid diagnostic tests.MethodsWe analyzed data from SCRIPT, a single-center prospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated patients who underwent a BAL for suspected pneumonia. We used the novel Narrow Antibiotic Therapy (NAT) score to quantify day-by-day antibiotic prescription pattern for each suspected pneumonia episode etiology (bacterial, viral, mixed bacterial/viral, microbiology-negative, and non-pneumonia control). We also analyzed and compared clinical outcomes for each pneumonia etiology, including unfavorable outcomes (a composite of in-hospital mortality, discharge to hospice, or requiring lung transplantation during hospitalization), duration of ICU stay, and duration of intubation. Clinical outcomes were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test.ResultsWe included 686 patients with 927 pneumonia episodes. NAT score analysis indicated that an antibiotic de-escalation pattern was evident in all pneumonia etiologies except resistant bacterial pneumonia. Microbiology-negative pneumonia was treated similarly to susceptible bacterial pneumonia in terms of antibiotic spectrum. Over a quarter of the time in viral pneumonia episodes, antibiotics were completely discontinued. Unfavorable outcomes were comparable across all pneumonia etiologies. Patients with viral and mixed bacterial/viral pneumonia had longer durations of ICU stay and intubation.ConclusionsBAL quantitative cultures and multiplex PCR rapid diagnostic tests resulted in prompt antibiotic de-escalation in critically ill pneumonia patients. There was no evidence of increased incidence of unfavorable outcomes.Key pointsWe found that bronchoalveolar lavage-based diagnostics is associated with antibiotic de-escalation, including to no antibiotics in more than a quarter of cases where only a virus is recovered.
Genetically Encoded FerriTag as a Specific Label for Cryo-Electron Tomography
Authors: Wang Chang , Iacovache Ioan , Zuber Benoît 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCryo-electron tomography (cryoET) is an important imaging technique that can provide 3D datasets of organelles and proteins at nanometer and sub-nanometer resolution. Recently, combining cryoET with subtomogram averaging has pushed the resolution to 3-4 Å. However, one main challenge for cryoET is locating target proteins in live cells. Conventional methods such as fluorescent protein tagging and immunogold labeling are not entirely suitable to label small structures in live cells with molecular resolution in vitrified samples. If large proteins, which can be visually identified in cryoET, are directly linked to the target protein, the large tag may alter the target protein structure, localization and function. To address this challenge, we used the rapamycin-induced oligomer formation system, which involves two tags (FKBP and FRB) that can bind together within rapamycin. In our system, the FKBP tag is linked to target protein and the FRB tag is linked to a large protein to create a marker. We chose ferritin as the marker protein because it is a large complex (10–12 nm) and can bind iron to create strong contrast in cryoET. After adding rapamycin to the cell medium, the iron-loaded ferritin accurately indicates the location of the target protein. Recently, in-situ cryoET with subtomogram averaging has been rapidly developing. However, it is still challenging to locate target proteins in live cells, and this method provides a much-needed solution.
LLPS REDIFINE allows the biophysical characterization of multicomponent condensates without tags or labels
Authors: Novakovic Mihajlo , Han Nina , Kathe Nina C. , Ni Yinan , Emmanouilidis Leonidas , Allain Frédéric H.-T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLiquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) phenomenon plays a vital role in multiple cell biology processes, providing a mechanism to concentrate biomolecules and promote cellular reactions locally. Despite its significance in biology, there is a lack of conventional techniques suitable for studying biphasic samples in their biologically relevant form. Here, we present a label-free and non-invasive approach to characterize protein, RNA and water in biomolecular condensates termed LLPS REstricted DIFusion of INvisible speciEs (REDIFINE). Relying on diffusion NMR measurements, REDIFINE exploits the exchange dynamics between the condensed and dispersed phases to allow the determination of not only diffusion constants in both phases but also the fractions of the species, the average radius of the condensed droplets and the exchange rate between the phases. We can also access the concentration of proteins in both phases. Observing proteins, RNAs, water, and even small molecules, REDIFINE analysis allows a rapid biophysical characterization of multicomponent condensates which is important to understand their functional roles. In comparing multiple systems, REDIFINE reveals that folded RNA-binding proteins form smaller and more dynamic droplets compared to the disordered ones. In addition, REDIFINE proved to be valuable beyond LLPS for the determination of binding constants in soluble protein-RNA without the need for titration.
Structural insights into distinct mechanisms of RNA polymerase II and III recruitment to snRNA promoters
Authors: Shah Syed Zawar , Perry Thomas N. , Graziadei Andrea , Cecatiello Valentina , Kaliyappan Thangavelu , Misiaszek Agata D. , Müller Christoph W. , Ramsay Ewan P. , Vannini Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRNA polymerase III (Pol III) is specialized in the transcription of short, essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). At U6 snRNA genes, Pol III is recruited by the snRNA Activating Protein Complex (SNAPc) forming, together with a Brf2-containing TFIIIB complex, a transcriptionally competent pre-initiation complex (PIC). Additionally, SNAPc is responsible for the recruitment of Pol II at the remaining snRNAs genes (U1, 2, 4 and 5), representing a unique example of a multi subunit transcription factor shared among different RNA Polymerases. The mechanism of SNAPc cross-polymerase engagement and the role of the SNAPC2 and SNAPC5 subunits in transcription remain poorly defined. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the full-length SNAPc-containing Pol III PIC assembled on the U6 snRNA promoter in the open and melting states at 3.2-4.2Å resolution. Comparative structural analysis revealed unexpected differences with the yeast PIC and revealed the molecular basis of selective and structurally distinct SNAPc engagement within Pol III and Pol II PICs. Harnessing crosslinking mass spectrometry, we also localize the SNAPC2 and SNAPC5 subunits in proximity to the bound promoter DNA, expanding upon existing descriptions of snRNA Pol III PIC structure.
Exploring the relationship between small and medium-sized enterprises innovation and organizational performance: a prospective study on the industrial sector in Ecuador
Authors: Novillo-Villegas Sylvia , Anzules-Falcones Wendy , Martin-Castilla Juan Ignacio 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aims to explore the relationship between the innovation capacity and performance of manufacturing firms in the Ecuadorian pharmaceutical and chemical sectors using strategic foresight analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
From an extensive literature review, the fundamental variables related to manufacturing firms’ innovation for better performance were identified. Six hypotheses and actions were proposed related to financing, economic resources, capacities and research and development. Several scenarios were tested through foresight methodology to determine the more appropriate to be implemented by manufacturing firms over the next five years.

Findings
Scenario 01, where all the hypotheses resulted positive, has a 15.3% probability of occurrence. The results offer a relevant understanding of the behavior of the variables proposed as strategic actions for the sector.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, foresight methodology is applied for the first time to analyze the manufacturing sector in Ecuador. The authors propose a plan of action from the strategic scenario identified in this study, supporting the development of the industrial sectors under study.
Gender differences in the effects of nostalgia on conspicuous consumption and impulsive buying
Authors: Cho Heetae , Chiu Weisheng , Kang Hyoung-Kil , Lee Hyun-Woo 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe current study investigated the relationship between nostalgia, conspicuous consumption, and impulse buying and compared gender differences in the effects of nostalgia on conspicuous consumption and impulse buying.Design/methodology/approachA total of 307 college students in western Singapore were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the scales and estimate model path coefficients. A multi-group analysis was conducted to test if the path coefficients in the research model varied across genders.FindingsThis study found that nostalgia had a positive influence on consumers’ conspicuous consumption, which in turn had a positive impact on their impulse buying of sport products. The results of the multi-group analysis also revealed significant differences across gender groups in that the impacts of nostalgia on conspicuous consumption and impulse buying were stronger for male consumers.Originality/valueThis study forges new ground by investigating the intricate dynamics among nostalgia, conspicuous consumption, and impulse buying in the context of sport. By delving into the relationships between them and exploring gender disparities in their effects, this study enhances our understanding of the pivotal role nostalgia plays in shaping consumer behavior in sport. In addition, the identification of gender-specific patterns underscores the significance of tailored marketing approaches for effectively engaging both male and female consumers. Overall, this study presents fresh perspectives that can inform the development of targeted marketing strategies for sport marketers and retailers aiming to optimize their offerings and promotional endeavors.
The impact of sex in the effectiveness of functional remediation in bipolar disorder
Authors: Serra‐Navarro Maria , Clougher Derek , Solé Brisa , Sánchez‐Moreno Jose , González‐Pinto Ana , Jiménez Esther , Amann Benedikt L. , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , Tabarés‐Seisdedos Rafael , Arango Celso , Accardo Vivian , García‐Portilla María Paz , Ibáñez Ángela , Crespo José Manuel , Ayuso‐Mateos José Luis , Amoretti Silvia , Torrent Carla , Martínez‐Aran Anabel , Vieta Eduard ,   CIBERSAM Functional Remediation Group
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional recovery remains a core clinical objective for patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables are associated with long‐term functional impairment, yet the impact of sex differences is unclear. Functional remediation (FR) is a validated intervention aimed at achieving functional recovery in BD. The present study assessed the effect of sex differences of FR on psychosocial functioning at post‐treatment (6‐months) and 12‐month follow‐up (FUP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the role of sex as a factor in the efficacy of FR.Methods157 participants with BD were randomly assigned to either FR (N = 77) or treatment as usual group (80). Clinical, sociodemographic, neuropsychological, and functional data were obtained using a comprehensive assessment battery. Sex differences were explored via a general linear model (GLM) for repeated measures to compare the effect of sex on the intervention over time (6 months and FUP).ResultsResults demonstrated that FR benefits both sexes, males (p = 0.001; d’ = 0.88) and females (p = 0.04; d’ = 0.57), at 6 months suggesting a generalized functional improvement. Conversely, at 12‐month FUP sex differences were observed only in males (p = 0.005; d’ = 0.68).ConclusionsFR is a beneficial intervention for males and females after treatment, suggesting that there are no relevant distinct needs. Females may benefit from ongoing psychosocial functioning booster sessions after the intervention to maintain original improvements. Future research exploring sex differences could help to identify strategies to offer personalized FR intervention approaches in individuals with BD.
Medications for opioid use disorder: Predictors of early discontinuation and reduction of overdose risk in US military veterans by medication type
Authors: Hayes Corey J. , Raciborski Rebecca A. , Nowak Matthew , Acharya Mahip , Nunes Edward V. , Winhusen T. John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThis study: (1) estimated the effect of early discontinuation of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on overdose probability and (2) measured the relationship between patient characteristics and early discontinuation probability for each MOUD type.Design, setting and participantsThis was a retrospective cohort using electronic health record data from the US Veterans Healthcare Administration. Participants were veterans initiating MOUD with buprenorphine (BUP), methadone (MET) or extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) from fiscal years 2012–19. A total of 39 284 veterans met eligibility with 22 721 (57.8%) initiating BUP, 12 652 (32.2%) initiating MET and 3911 (10.0%) initiating XR‐NTX.MeasurementsMeasurements (1) determined whether the veteran experienced an overdose in the 365 days after MOUD initiation (primary) and (2) early discontinuation of MOUD, defined as discontinuation before 180 days (secondary). We assumed that unobserved patient characteristics would jointly influence the probability of discontinuation and overdose. and estimated the joint distribution with a bivariate probit model.FindingsWe found that 9.0% of BUP initiators who experienced an overdose above the predicted 3.9% had no veteran‐discontinued BUP early; findings for XR‐NTX were similar, with 12.2% of initiators overdosing above the predicted 4.5%, but this was statistically inconclusive. We found no relationship between early discontinuation and overdose for MET initiators, probably due to the high risk of both events. The patient characteristics included in our post‐estimation exploratory analysis of early discontinuation varied by MOUD type, with between 14 (XR‐NTX) and 25 (BUP) tested. The only characteristics with at least one level showing a statistically significant change in probability of early discontinuation for all three MOUD types were geography and prior‐year exposure to psychotherapy, although direction and magnitude varied.ConclusionEarly discontinuation of buprenorphine, and probably extended‐release naltrexone, appears to be associated with a greater probability of experiencing a fatal or non‐fatal overdose among US veterans receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD); methadone does not show the same association. There is no consistent set of characteristics among early discontinuers by MOUD type.
“Strange” affinities
Authors: Rizvi Muneeza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBritish Muslim volunteers in Syria have been variously cast as humanitarians, activists, and—under the suspicious gaze of the war on terror—disguised militants. Yet many volunteers frame their efforts as attempts at iṣlāḥ (reform, repair, rectification). What is the ethicopolitical life of iṣlāḥ, a multivalent concept in the Islamic tradition, in a landscape marked by war and international relief efforts? Considered ethnographically, iṣlāḥ organizes heterogeneous practices, including charitable giving, political defiance, and ethical contestation. It is thus irreducible to either (religious) charity or to its oft‐purported opposite, (political) solidarity. Further, it reveals the embedded secularity of such oppositions, which shapes the reasoning of both the British security state and social scientific commentary.
Integrated Reporting Impact on Core Organisational Practices: A Practice‐Based Perspective
Authors: Roszak Sabrina , Laguecir Aziza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research explores how managers implement integrated reporting (IR) in their organisations and its impact on practices. We use 25 semi‐structured interviews with top and middle managers of early adopters' private companies to examine the conditions under which managers initially made sense of IR long before its institutionalisation. Conceptually drawing from practice theory, we show how top and middle managers make sense of (practical intelligibility) IR and how this influences core operational practices. The analysis shows that IR practices can be more or less totalitarian, revealing the importance of the institutional pressures and teleo‐affective structures held and promoted by the managers in charge. This research offers a counterpoint to studies that suggest that accounting has a limited impact when practised in a less totalitarian form. It also highlights the importance of affective aspects and the crucial role of managers in these aspects. Given the rapid changes in the regulatory context, understanding how managers make sense of integrated tools is of utmost importance.
Endoscopic clipping combined with cyanoacrylate injection vs. transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of isolated gastric variceal bleeding: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Zhaoyi , Kuai Yaxian , Zhang Fumin , Li Huixian , Kong Derun 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesAlthough the incidence of isolated gastric varices type 1 (IGV1) bleeding is low, the condition is highly dangerous and associated with high mortality, making its treatment challenging. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic clipping combined with cyanoacrylate injection (EC‐CYA) vs. transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in treating IGV1.MethodsIn a single‐center, randomized controlled trial, patients with IGV1 bleeding were randomly assigned to the EC‐CYA group or TIPS group. The primary end‐points were gastric variceal rebleeding rates and technical success. Secondary end‐points included cumulative nonbleeding rates, mortality, and complications.ResultsA total of 156 patients between January 2019 and April 2023 were selected and randomly assigned to the EC‐CYA group (n = 76) and TIPS group (n = 80). The technical success rate was 100% for both groups. The rebleeding rates were 14.5% in the EC‐CYA group and 8.8% in the TIPS group, showing no significant difference (P = 0.263). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative nonbleeding rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for the two groups lacked statistical significance (P = 0.344). Similarly, cumulative survival rates at 12, 24, and 36 months for the two groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.916). The bleeding rates from other causes were 13.2% and 6.3% for the respective groups, showing no significant difference (P = 0.144). No instances of ectopic embolism were observed in either group. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in the TIPS group was statistically higher than that in the EC‐CYA group (P = 0.001).ConclusionBoth groups are effective in controlling IGV1 bleeding. Notably, EC‐CYA did not result in ectopic embolism, and the incidence of HE was lower than that observed with TIPS.