bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete genome sequence and characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli field isolate ACN001
Authors: Wang Xiangru , Wei Liuya , Wang Bin , Zhang Ruixuan , Liu Canying , Bi Dingren , Chen Huanchun , Tan Chen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli is an important etiological agent of avian colibacillosis, which manifests as respiratory, hematogenous, meningitic, and enteric infections in poultry. It is also a potential zoonotic threat to human health. The diverse genomes of APEC strains largely hinder disease prevention and control measures. In the current study, pyrosequencing was used to analyze and characterize APEC strain ACN001 (= CCTCC 2015182T = DSMZ 29979T), which was isolated from the liver of a diseased chicken in China in 2010. Strain ACN001 belongs to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli phylogenetic group B1, and was highly virulent in chicken and mouse models. Whole genome analysis showed that it consists of six different plasmids along with a circular chromosome of 4,936,576 bp, comprising 4,794 protein-coding genes, 108 RNA genes, and 51 pseudogenes, with an average G + C content of 50.56 %. As well as 237 coding sequences, we identified 39 insertion sequences, 12 predicated genomic islands, 8 prophage-related sequences, and 2 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats regions on the chromosome, suggesting the possible occurrence of horizontal gene transfer in this strain. In addition, most of the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were located on the plasmids, which would assist in the distribution of pathogenicity and multidrug resistance elements among E. coli populations. Together, the information provided here on APEC isolate ACN001 will assist in future study of APEC strains, and aid in the development of control measures.
Microfluidic assay for precise measurements of mouse, rat, and human neutrophil chemotaxis in whole-blood droplets
Authors: Jones Caroline N , Hoang Anh N , Martel Joseph M , Dimisko Laurie , Mikkola Amy , Inoue Yoshitaka , Kuriyama Naohide , Yamada Marina , Hamza Bashar , Kaneki Masao , Warren H Shaw , Brown Diane E , Irimia Daniel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Animal models of human disease differ in innate immune responses to stress, pathogens, or injury. Precise neutrophil phenotype measurements could facilitate interspecies comparisons. However, such phenotype comparisons could not be performed accurately with the use of current assays, as they require the separation of neutrophils from blood using species-specific protocols, and they introduce distinct artifacts. Here, we report a microfluidic technology that enables robust characterization of neutrophil migratory phenotypes in a manner independent of the donor species and performed directly in a droplet of whole blood. The assay relies on the particular ability of neutrophils to deform actively during chemotaxis through microscale channels that block the advance of other blood cells. Neutrophil migration is measured directly in blood, in the presence of other blood cells and serum factors. Our measurements reveal important differences among migration counts, velocity, and directionality among neutrophils from 2 common mouse strains, rats, and humans.
“As Pertaining to the Female Sex”: The Legal and Social Norms of Female Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Zimmerman Kari 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article analyzes how and where women participated in Brazilian commerce between 1869 and 1904. Over half of Rio de Janeiro's female population worked at the twentieth century's turn, but very little is known about women in commerce. Evidence from formal business partnership contracts demonstrates that women comprised a significant and dynamic sector of the merchant community, despite legal and social barriers. More importantly, their business habits largely paralleled those of their male counterparts. These findings break from current scholarship that narrowly defines businesswomen as exceptional. An analysis of female economic activity, along with the institutional structures regulating their market participation, suggests that gender shaped women's entrance into the market but only narrowly affected their pursuits. Recognizing the various ways that women considered the legal and social demands of their civil status with the broader demands of the market offers a more complete portrait of female economic activity during one of Brazil's most impressive eras of expansion.
Passive car safety system updating at head-on collision with lorry
Authors: Бишутин Сергей , Bishutin Sergey , Дашунина Мария , Dashunina Mariya 
Published: January 2016

At emergency brake application before collision a car clearance decreases considerably, a car front side comes lower and actually does not participate in blow energy absorption. A car “dives under” a lorry and al-most all blow energy falls to the roof and windshield posts which do not figure on the perception of such a load that often results in fatal consequences.
To reduce weight of consequences after such a collision there was developed a design for a passive car safety. The device consists of a ring pneumatic cylinder which is situated round a front shock strut next the upper bearing of a shock absorber and connected with a squib. It is intended for lifting and car body fixation along the height before a collision with a lorry. There are two such devices installed in a motor car, with one for each front wheel. It is not difficult to make this device there is no need in essential changes in the car design. It can be installed in any car with front posts of the type «macferson».
The offered device is integrated in the general system of a car passive safety and at unavoidable head collision with a lorry is activated by means of a squib explosion.
Key words: life-saving device, car, head-on collision, lorry.
Load of gondola with floor decking at handling operations
Authors: Кобищанов Владимир , Kobishchanov Vladimir , Герасимов Кирилл , Gerasimov Kirill , Расин Дмитрий , Rasin Dmitriy 
Published: January 2016

A gondola with a body of solid type – an eco-nomically effective unit of a rollingstock. Most of the damages of gondola bodies is caused at handling operations with the failure of requirements observance established. In the paper the assessment of deflected mode body in the body at the lump load drop with the mass of 500 kg is carried out. Normal stresses and travels arising at the blow of load in the sections of joints of frame beams between each other, side and end walls are analyzed. The values of stresses three times higher than the foreseen ones with “Standards…” are adopted as reference valuations. It is substantiated by test results and the comparison of material characteristics at deadweight and dynamic loads.
As a result of car body multichoice computations on basis of the detailed MCE there was established the following: the closer the place of a lump blow to a supporting longitudinal to the car body end is, the stresses are higher in it. Stresses arising in the supporting longitudinal situated between an end girder and a body bolster beam reach 998 H/mm, at the same time in the middle of the car body of a gondola they do not exceed 450 H⁄mm². If a load lump falls down on the joint of cross-beams and longitudinal ones, then stresses in their sections 10-15 times less, than if the fall were to a strengthening beam. In the main the maximum stress distribution is limited by small areas located between two neighboring crossbeams. The research results have shown, it is necessary that additional bearing elements absorbing a blow should be introduced in a frame.
Model for higher education quality assessment
Authors: Мирошников Вячеслав , Miroshnikov Vyacheslav , Круглов Виктор , Kruglov Viktor , Горленко Олег , Gorlenko Oleg , Можаева Татьяна , Mozhaeva Tatyana 
Published: January 2016

Quality ensuring in training students and educational institutions graduates is one of the state directions in the sphere of education. In view of this the significance consists in the development, introduction and improvement of the assessment model for the quality of training students on the baccalaureate’s , specialist’s and master’s curricula. This paper reports the model considered for the correspondence assessment of curricula to the requirements of the Federal State All-Russian Standard for Higher Vocational Education (FSARS HVE) on basis of four indices and thirtytwo criteria according to the recommendations of the Russian Accreditation Agency of the Russian federation. For each of the criteria there are shown documents and materials confirming its fulfillment. Failure to execute at least one of the criteria means lack of correspondence of the curriculum to the requirements of the FSARS HVE. A not less significant procedure of curricula quality assessment – a confirmation, by means of the presentation of documents and materials on the successful application of knowledge, abilities and skills obtained in the course of mastering a compulsory cur-riculum by students and graduates under real or simu-lated working conditions.
One of the conditions for the increase of curricula effectiveness – the availability in an educational institution (EI) of the incollege system for education quality assessment which would allow planned carrying out organizational measures on a fundamental analysis and objective self-appraisal of educational activities of all departments of the EI and obtaining complete information on the curricula realization, and also correcting a training procedure with the aim of quality increase in college graduate students training. The main purpose of such incollege system consists in the definition of areas for education quality increase in all kinds of activities of the university and its departments.
The diversity and distribution of Holothuroidea in shallow waters of Baluran National Park, Indonesia
Authors: SIDDIQ ARIF MOHAMMAD , ATMOWIDI TRI , QAYIM IBNUL 
Published: January 2016

Siddiq AM, Atmowidi T, Qayim I. 2015. The diversity and distribution of Holothuroidea in shallow waters of BaluranNational Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 55-60. A study of the diversity and distribution of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea)Â in shallow waters at Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia was carried out from July until September 2015. The method used in this studywas systematic transect in low tide condition. Samples were collected by hands at intertidal sites. Identification of sea cucumber speciesÂ based on morphological ossicles. Twenty one species of Holothuroidea belonging two orders and four families were found in this study.Â The most dominant family found was Holothuriidae (16 species),Â Â followed by Stichopodidae (2 species),Â Synaptidae (2 species), andÂ Chiridotidae (1 species).Â Four species (Holothuria olivacea, H. verrucosa, Labidodemas rugosum, and Chiridota smirnovi) are new record for Java waters and one species (H. papillifera)Â is a new record for Indonesian waters. Two morphospecies (H. aff. macroperona and Stichopus cf. monotuberculatus) need reconfirmation to species level. The highest abundance species of Holothuroidea was found at under rock with 15 species. Whereas, the highest number of individuals was found in seagrass areas with 5457 individuals. H. atra has extensive habitat distribution, such as seagrass, macroalgae, coral reef, dead coral, sand, and under rock.
Molecular genetic and clinical variants MODY2 and MODY3 in children in Russia
Authors: Kuraeva Tamara Leonidovna , Sechko Elena Aleksandrovna , Zilberman Lubov' Iosifovna , Ivanova Olga Nikolaevna , Mayorov Aleksandr Yurievich , Koksharova Ekaterina Olegovna , Peterkova Valentina Aleksandrovna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich 
Published: January 2016

Aim — to research molecular genetic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus MODY2 and MODY3 in children.Material and methods. Genetic testing for GCK and HNF1α was performed in 169 patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders, with age of diagnosis under 18. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were interpreted as MODY. Analysis of clinical data at the presentation of carbohydrate metabolism disorder and cases follow-up was provided in 62 patients with genetic confirmed MODY2 and 18 patients with genetic confirmed MODY3.Results. Ratio MODY2 and MODY3 was 3,4:1. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were diagnosed earlier in MODY2 than in MODY3 — 7,8 years (4,0; 10,5) vs. 11,8 years (9,7; 13,5) (p<0,01). Degree of carbohydrate metabolism disorder was less in MODY2 — in 22,4% of patients all makers of carbohydrate metabolism disorder (HbA1c, fasting glycaemia, 120 min glycaemia) were less than diabetic range, in MODY3 all these makers were diabetics in 100% of cases. Patients with MODY2 significantly less frequently were treated with antihyperglycemic drugs. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders in one of the parents were diagnosed earlier in MODY3 — in 24 years (18,5; 35,3) vs. 32 years (27; 37) in MODY2 (p<0,05), parents were treated with antihyperglycemic drugs — in 94,4% vs. 22,2% respectively (p<0,01).Conclusion. This study is the largest in Russia and estimated that MODY2 is the most prevalence and has had milder presentation and less dysfunction of β-cells to compare to MODY-HNF1α.
Possible benefits of early combination therapy of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shestakova Ekaterina Alekseevna 
Published: January 2016

Some current international and national guidelines for type 2 diabetes recommend intensive start of antidiabetic treatment if HbA1c is more than 7.5% at the moment of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The article speculates on the possible benefits of combination therapy at the very early stages of type 2 diabetes progression.
The STEM Pipeline: The Role of Summer Research Experience in Minority Students' Graduate Aspirations
Authors: Pender Matea , Marcotte Dave E. , Sto. Domingo Mariano R. , Maton Kenneth I. 
Published: January 2016

Practical research experience has been seen as an important tool to enhance learning in STEM fields and shape commitment to science careers. Indeed, this was a prominent recommendation of the Boyer Commission. Further, there is evidence this is especially important for minority students. In this paper, we examine the role of practical research experience during the summer for talented minority undergraduates in STEM fields. We focus on the link between summer research and STEM PhD program matriculation. We examine evidence on this question using detailed data on students participating in the Meyerhoff Scholarship Program over a 14 year period at the University of Maryland Baltimore County. Our results provide evidence of strong positive effects of summer research on participation in STEM PhD programs. Further, we show that the effects of summer research vary with the frequency and timing of these experiences. The evidence that educational strategies such as summer research experiences improve academic outcomes of minorities is vital, given concern about the science pipeline in the U.S. and the continuing growth in the racial/ethnic diversity of the college-age population.
Linguicism and Racism in Massachusetts Educational Policy
Authors: Viesca Kara Mitchell 
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a critically conscious policy analysis conducted on Massachusetts state policy regarding the education of secondary multilingual learners and their teachers through the lens of critical race theory (CRT). My analysis suggests that even though current policy in Massachusetts is framed in terms of the overarching goals of educational quality and equality, in reality it substantively sanctions inequitable practices. This paper demonstrates that racism and linguicism (or language-based discrimination) towards multilingual learners are legally sanctioned in Massachusetts public schools as a consequence of state policy, thus contributing to educational disparities.
Addressing the inclusion imperative: an urban school district’s responses
Authors: DeMatthews David Edward , Mawhinney Hanne 
Published: January 2016

Over the past forty years, schools across the United States have become more inclusive for students with disabilities. However, in many high-poverty urban school districts, a disproportionate number of minority children with disabilities are segregated from their non-disabled peers. This article presents findings from a qualitative case study of one urban school district implementing special education-related inclusion reform over the course of four years. The district had a history of segregating students and numerous compliance issues with special education mandates; however, the arrival of a new superintendent brought new hopes for change. The authors argue that existing research regarding inclusion has typically ignored the policy implementation processes employed by school districts in establishing more inclusive schools and improved special education programs. This article provides a case description of a district’s special education inclusion policy implementation process, the challenges district administrators were confronted with, and the positive and negative outcomes of the district’s policies. The findings inform next-generation policy initiatives and future lines of inquiry.
Testing three proposed DNA barcodes for the wood identification of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen and Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain
Authors: Yu Min , Liu Kai , Zhou Liang , Zhao Lei , Liu Shengquan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is a first-grade state protected plant in China. However, it is difficult to distinguish it from the closely related species Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain, which is less important in economic value, by wood anatomical features. In this study, three potential DNA barcode sequences, namely rpoC1, trnH-psbA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), were used to differentiate wood of D. odorifera from D. tonkinensis. The average quantities of DNA extracts from twigs, sapwood and heartwood were 16.3, 11.5 and 6.0 ng mg-1, respectively. The success rates for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for three loci, namely ITS, trnH-psbA and rpoC1, were 62.5, 100 and 81.25%, respectively. The success rate for bidirectional sequencing of amplified products was 100% for all the three loci. The identification power of the three proposed DNA barcodes has been calculated by the BLAST, tree-based method and the TAXONDNA method. The interspecific differences of the trnH-psbA region were greater than intraspecific variations. Moreover, the identification power of trnH-psbA was higher than that of ITS and rpoC1 regions at the species level. Finally, the trnH-psbA region is proposed as a DNA barcode for wood identification between D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis.
Numerical solution of an elliptic 3-dimensional Cauchy problem by the alternating method and boundary integral equations
Authors: Borachok Ihor , Chapko Roman , Johansson B. Tomas 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We consider the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation in 3-dimensional doubly-connected domains, that is the reconstruction of a harmonic function from knowledge of the function values and normal derivative on the outer of two closed boundary surfaces. We employ the alternating iterative method, which is a regularizing procedure for the stable determination of the solution. In each iteration step, mixed boundary value problems are solved. The solution to each mixed problem is represented as a sum of two single-layer potentials giving two unknown densities (one for each of the two boundary surfaces) to determine; matching the given boundary data gives a system of boundary integral equations to be solved for the densities. For the discretisation, Weinert’s method [24] is employed, which generates a Galerkin-type procedure for the numerical solution via rewriting the boundary integrals over the unit sphere and expanding the densities in terms of spherical harmonics. Numerical results are included as well.
Reciprocity gap method for an interior inverse scattering problem
Authors: Zeng Fang , Liu Xiaodong , Sun Jiguang , Xu Liwei 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We consider an interior inverse scattering problem of reconstructing the shape of a cavity with inhomogeneous medium inside. We prove a uniqueness theorem for the inverse problem. Using Cauchy data on a curve inside the cavity due to interior point sources, we employ the reciprocity gap method to reconstruct the cavity. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the method.
Electrochemical carbon nanotube filters for water and wastewater treatment
Authors: Jame Sadia A. , Zhou Zhi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractElectrochemically active carbon nanotube (CNT) filters have been developed as a highly efficient technology for water and wastewater treatment during the last few years. CNT filters have been widely used to adsorb chemical and biological contaminants due to their high stability, great flexibility, and large specific surface area. Electrochemically active CNT filters provide additional electrooxidation of the adsorbed contaminants and have been proven to be a highly effective treatment technology in a few recent lab-scale studies. The working principles, impacting factors, and some of the latest development of electrochemically active CNT filters are reviewed in this paper. The existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
Spray dried hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol biocomposites
Authors: Başargan Tuğba , Erdöl-Aydın Nalan , Nasün-Saygılı Gülhayat 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this study, hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol (HAp-PVA) biocomposites were prepared using a spray drying method. HAp-PVA solutions fed to spray dryer were prepared by two different routes, namely, physical and in situ biomimetric methods. In the former method, HAp was synthesized without the presence of polymer and then HAp particles were incorporated into a PVA solution. In the second one, hydroxyapatite was in situ synthesized in the presence of PVA. Experiments were also run to investigate the effect of the molecular weight of PVA on the structure of spray-dried biocomposites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and particle size analyses were performed to characterize the produced HAp-PVA composites.
Reconciling PM10 analyses by different sampling methods for Iron King Mine tailings dust
Authors: Li Xu , Félix Omar I. , Gonzales Patricia , Sáez Avelino Eduardo , Ela Wendell P. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The overall project objective at the Iron King Mine Superfund site is to determine the level and potential risk associated with heavy metal exposure of the proximate population emanating from the site’s tailings pile. To provide sufficient size-fractioned dust for multi-discipline research studies, a dust generator was built and is now being used to generate size-fractioned dust samples for toxicity investigations using in vitro cell culture and animal exposure experiments as well as studies on geochemical characterization and bioassay solubilization with simulated lung and gastric fluid extractants. The objective of this study is to provide a robust method for source identification by comparing the tailing sample produced by dust generator and that collected by MOUDI sampler. As and Pb concentrations of the PM10 fraction in the MOUDI sample were much lower than in tailing samples produced by the dust generator, indicating a dilution of Iron King tailing dust by dust from other sources. For source apportionment purposes, single element concentration method was used based on the assumption that the PM10 fraction comes from a background source plus the Iron King tailing source. The method’s conclusion that nearly all arsenic and lead in the PM10 dust fraction originated from the tailings substantiates our previous Pb and Sr isotope study conclusion. As and Pb showed a similar mass fraction from Iron King for all sites suggesting that As and Pb have the same major emission source. Further validation of this simple source apportionment method is needed based on other elements and sites.