bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of adults with overweight/obesity and chronic musculoskeletal pain: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Cooper Lesley , Ells Louisa , Ryan Cormac , Martin Denis 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo gain insight into the lived experience of adults with overweight/obesity and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Knowledge gained will inform healthcare professionals about the complexity of the weight–pain relationship and enable more effective engagement with this population.BackgroundQuantitative studies show links between weight and pain. Adults with overweight/obesity are more likely to experience comorbidity; however, qualitative research describing the complexities of the relationship is limited.MethodsA purposive sample of adults with overweight/obesity and chronic musculoskeletal pain participated in face‐to‐face interviews. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.ResultsEighteen adults (16 female) aged 29–71, body mass index ≥25–46, participated in this study. Three superordinate themes emerged: “pain as a motivator and barrier to weight loss”; “fear of weight causing more damage”; and “activity is positive.” Pain motivates some individuals to lose weight while simultaneously inhibiting weight loss efforts. Participants' perception that extra pressure caused by their weight further damaged joints contributed to fear and catastrophising. Fear is often exacerbated by healthcare professionals' descriptions of musculoskeletal damage, or participants' perception of healthcare professionals' attitude towards people with overweight/obesity. Conversely, individuals acknowledged the benefits of increased activity.ConclusionAdults with overweight/obesity and chronic musculoskeletal pain in this study identified a bidirectional relationship between their weight and pain that challenged their weight loss efforts. Overweight/obesity contributed to fear and catastrophising, which resulted in avoidance of exercise that would have assisted their weight loss.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals need to understand the complex relationship between weight and pain, and their patients' understanding of that relationship. Healthcare professionals should use therapeutic communication to reduce the fear of weight causing damage, and thus promote physical activities that will contribute to weight loss. It is also important to ensure that the language used with this patient group does not stigmatise individuals, or cause or exacerbate fear of normal movement.
Nurses’ professional stigma and attitudes towards postpartum women with severe mental illness
Authors: Ordan Revital , Shor Ron , Liebergall‐Wischnitzer Michal , Noble Lawrence , Noble Anita 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine professional stigma and attitudes of parenthood towards postpartum women with severe mental illness and the association between postpartum nurses’ attitudes and nursing interventions that promote motherhood.BackgroundStigma and attitudes towards parenthood of women with severe mental illness may influence nurses’ clinical practices.DesignCross‐sectional, mixed methods.MethodsThe Stigma among Health Professionals towards People with Severe Mental Illness, Attitudes towards Parenthood among People with Severe Mental Illness and Nursing Interventions that Promote Becoming a Mother Questionnaires were used in the study, as well as qualitative analysis.ResultsSixty‐one postpartum nurses participated in the study. Increased stigma was associated with an increase in negative attitudes towards parenthood among people with severe mental illness, in general, and towards their parenthood skills, in particular. Postpartum nurses reported a decrease in nursing interventions and a therapeutic nurse–client relationship that fosters mother's empowerment. Themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis were postpartum nurse's perceptions of inadequacy, difficulty of postpartum nurses taking responsibility for managing women with severe mental illness and a paternalistic approach to these women, rather than empowerment, regarding infant care.ConclusionNurses providing care to postpartum women with severe mental illness and their infants may provide fewer routine postpartum interventions due to professional stigma and negative attitudes concerning parenting skills. Nurses should provide individualised, tailored care that allows women with severe mental illness to become a mother to the best of her ability.Relevance to clinical practiceNot all women with severe mental illness are capable of caring for themselves and/or their baby. Nurses should provide individualised, tailored care that allows the women with severe mental illness to become a mother to the best of her ability.
Esthetic Evaluation of Implant‐Supported Single Crowns: The Implant Restoration Esthetic Index and Patient Perception
Authors: Li Xiachen , Wu Bilin , Cheng Xiaohui , Li Yiming , Xie Xin , Deng Feilong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo test the validity and reliability of a newly developed Implant Restoration Esthetic Index (IREI) and to compare esthetic outcomes reported by patients and professionals.Materials and MethodsTen graduate students and 10 prosthodontists assessed esthetic outcomes of 27 single‐tooth implants with the IREI. Six peri‐implant soft tissue parameters were measured using visual analog scales: mesial papilla presence, distal papilla presence, gingival trigone, soft tissue curvature, alveolar process deficiency, and soft tissue color and texture, as well as the six crown parameters: crown contour, crown position, crown labial convexity, crown characterization, crown color and translucency, and abutment visibility. The validity was tested based on Pearson's correlation. The internal consistency reliability was analyzed by Cronbach's alpha. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to express the test‐retest reliability and the inter‐rater reliability. The correlations between patient and professional evaluations were analyzed by Pearson's correlation.ResultsThe IREI demonstrated significant correlation (p < 0.05) to the pink esthetic score and white esthetic score (PES/WES). The internal consistency reliability showed a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.830. The test‐retest reliability was excellent in both the graduate student group and the prosthodontist group, with ICCs of 0.961 and 0.952, respectively (p < 0.05). The inter‐rater reliability was acceptable, with ICCs of 0.649 and 0.667, respectively (p < 0.05). Low correlation coefficients were found between patient and professional evaluations.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that the IREI was considered a valid and reliable index involving sufficient parameters for professional esthetic evaluation of single‐tooth implant restorations. The patient‐reported esthetic outcomes had poor or no significant correlation to professional‐reported outcomes.
Beyond Kuznets: Inequality and the size and distribution of cities
Authors: Castells‐Quintana David 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs countries develop the percentage of population living in urban areas tends to increase. As this happens, inequality is expected first to increase and then to decline in what is known as the Kuznets inverted‐U. But the literature has not paid much attention to differences in the absolute size of cities potentially affecting economy‐wide inequality. Building on insights from the urban economics literature, this paper studies the relationship between the size and distribution of cities and income inequality at country level. Results show that beyond Kuznets’ hypothesis there is a U‐shaped relationship between average city size and inequality; inequality first falls and then increases with average city size. This result is robust to a long list of controls, different estimation techniques, and identification strategies.
Current perspectives on the role of tonsillectomy
Authors: Greig Samuel R 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTonsillectomy is one of the most common paediatric surgical procedures performed in Australasia. The aim of this paper is to provide an up‐to‐date review of the indications for the procedure (and the evidence base for each of these indications), as well as describe the surgical technique and perioperative management and risks for a non‐surgical audience. The primary indications for tonsillectomy are obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (where it is most commonly performed in association with adenoidectomy) and recurrent pharyngotonsillitis. There is now high‐quality evidence that tonsillectomy improves objective measures of OSA on sleep studies, as well as quality of life and child behaviour. The impact of surgery on cognitive function is less well delineated. For recurrent pharyngotonsillitis, tonsillectomy has a modest impact on recurrent sore throat symptoms – clinicians should ensure an appropriate pre‐operative observation period and adequately discuss the potential benefits with parents prior to surgery. Traditional approaches to tonsillectomy involve surgically dissecting the entire tonsil from the underlying pharyngeal muscle. Subtotal tonsillectomy (intracapsular tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy) is described for OSA and may reduce perioperative morbidity. Children younger than 3 years and those with moderate to severe OSA or significant comorbidities should be admitted for overnight observation. Simple analgesia is adequate for most patients postoperatively. Codeine is contraindicated due to reports of postoperative death due to respiratory suppression. Overall, tonsillectomy is a well‐tolerated procedure, with pain and postoperative haemorrhage (2–4%) being the most common complications. Haemorrhage can be life threatening; however, the mortality rate remains very small at approximately 1:30 000.
Lateral neck lumps: A systematic approach for the general paediatrician
Authors: King Sebastian K 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLateral neck lumps are very common in children, and are largely benign in nature. The majority of lumps may be diagnosed on history and clinical examination alone, and further investigations are often not required. The most common pathologies in young children include reactive lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis and atypical mycobacterial infections. A lateral neck lump is an uncommon presentation for malignancy and is largely restricted to older children and adolescents. The paediatric surgeon plays an important role in the assessment and management of lateral neck lumps, often in the form of reassurance to the patients and their carers.
Umbilicus and its extensive clinical repertoire
Authors: Beasley Spencer W 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe umbilicus is involved in a wide range of abnormalities in infants and children. The most severe are evident at birth and include exomphalos (omphalocele) and gastroschisis, both of which can be life‐threatening but are easy to diagnose. Exomphalos is often associated with other congenital abnormalities, whereas the associated problems in gastroschisis are largely confined to the gut. Infection of the umbilicus in the neonate presents as omphalitis. The causes of a moist umbilicus following separation of the umbilical stump are multiple, from the relatively minor umbilical granuloma or ectopic bowel mucosa to the more significant patent urachus that leaks urine. Patency of the entire vitello‐intestinal (omphalomesenteric) tract allows air and faecal fluid to drain through the umbilicus. The clinical manifestations of persistence of the vitello‐intestinal tract vary markedly according to which part remains: clinical presentations include melaena and anaemia, closed‐loop bowel obstruction and Meckel diverticulitis. An umbilical hernia occurs when the umbilical cicatrix fails to close. On the other hand, the umbilicus has its uses, which range from being a route for intravenous access in the neonate to being a convenient point of access in laparoscopic surgery.
Melatonin alleviates adipose inflammation through elevating α‐ketoglutarate and diverting adipose‐derived exosomes to macrophages in mice
Authors: Liu Zhenjiang , Gan Lu , Zhang Tiantian , Ren Qian , Sun Chao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObesity is associated with macrophage infiltration and metabolic inflammation, both of which promote metabolic disease progression. Melatonin is reported to possess anti‐inflammatory properties by inhibiting inflammatory response of adipocytes and macrophages activation. However, the effects of melatonin on the communication between adipocytes and macrophages during adipose inflammation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated melatonin alleviated inflammation and elevated α‐ketoglutarate (αKG) level in adipose tissue of obese mice. Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (Idh2) mRNA level was also elevated by melatonin in adipocytes leading to increase αKG level. Further analysis revealed αKG was the target for melatonin inhibition of adipose inflammation. Moreover, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) physically interacted with IDH2 and formed a complex to increase the circadian amplitude of Idh2 and αKG content in melatonin‐inhibited adipose inflammation. Notably, melatonin promoted exosomes secretion from adipocyte and increased adipose‐derived exosomal αKG level. Our results also confirmed that melatonin alleviated adipocyte inflammation and increased ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages by transporting of exosomal αKG to macrophages and promoting TET‐mediated DNA demethylation. Furthermore, exosomal αKG attenuated signal transducers and activators of transduction‐3 (STAT3)/NF‐κB signal by its receptor oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1) in adipocytes. Melatonin also attenuated adipose inflammation and deceased macrophage number in chronic jet‐lag mice. In summary, our results demonstrate melatonin alleviates metabolic inflammation by increasing cellular and exosomal αKG level in adipose tissue. Our data reveal a novel function of melatonin on adipocytes and macrophages communication, suggesting a new potential therapy for melatonin to prevent and treat obesity caused systemic inflammatory disease.
Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on amphetamine‐induced dopaminergic fiber degeneration in the hippocampus of postnatal rats
Authors: Leeboonngam Tanawan , Pramong Ratchadaporn , Sae‐ung Kwankanit , Govitrapong Piyarat , Phansuwan‐Pujito Pansiri 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChronic amphetamine (AMPH) abuse leads to damage of the hippocampus, the brain area associated with learning and memory process. Previous results have shown that AMPH‐induced dopamine neurotransmitter release, reactive oxygen species formation, and degenerative protein aggregation lead to neuronal death. Melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, plays a role as a neuroprotective agent. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the protective effect of melatonin on AMPH‐induced hippocampal damage in the postnatal rat acts through the dopaminergic pathway. Four‐day‐old postnatal rats were subcutaneously injected with 5‐10 mg/kg AMPH and pretreated with 10 mg/kg melatonin prior to AMPH exposure for seven days. The results showed that melatonin decreased the AMPH‐induced hippocampal neuronal degeneration in the dentate gyrus, CA1, and CA3. Melatonin attenuated the reduction in the expression of hippocampal synaptophysin, PSD‐95, α‐synuclein, and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor protein and mRNA caused by AMPH. Melatonin attenuated the AMPH‐induced reduction in dopamine transporter (DAT) protein expression in the hippocampus and the reduction in mRNA expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Immunofluorescence demonstrated that melatonin not only prevented the AMPH‐induced loss of DAT and NMDA receptor but also prevented AMPH‐induced α‐synuclein overexpression in the dentate gyrus, CA1, and CA3. Melatonin decreased the AMPH‐induced reduction in the protein and mRNA of the NMDA receptor downstream signaling molecule, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and the melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2). This study showed that melatonin prevented AMPH‐induced toxicity in the hippocampus of postnatal rats possibly via its antioxidative effect and mitochondrial protection.
Melatonin improves the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress during in vitro maturation
Authors: Park Hyo‐Jin , Park Jae‐Young , Kim Jin‐Woo , Yang Seul‐Gi , Jung Jae‐Min , Kim Min‐Ji , Kang Man‐Jong , Cho Young Ho , Wee Gabbine , Yang Hee‐Young , Song Bong‐Seok , Kim Sun‐Uk , Koo Deog‐Bon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnder endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐stress conditions, the unfolded protein response (UPR) generates a defense mechanism in mammalian cells. The regulation of UPR signaling is important in oocyte maturation, embryo development, and female reproduction of pigs. Recent studies have shown that melatonin plays an important role as an antioxidant to improve pig oocyte maturation. However, there is no report on the role of melatonin in the regulation of UPR signaling and ER‐stress during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of melatonin on porcine oocyte maturation through the regulation of ER‐stress and UPR signaling. We investigated the changes in the mRNA/protein expression levels of three UPR signal genes (Bip/Grp78, ATF4, P90/50ATF6, sXbp1, and CHOP) on oocytes, cumulus cells, and cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) during IVM (metaphase I; 22 hours and metaphase II; 44 hours) by Western blot and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. Treatment with the ER‐stress inducer, tunicamycin (Tm), significantly increased expression of UPR markers. Additionally, cumulus cell expansion and meiotic maturation of oocytes were reduced in COCs of Tm‐treated groups (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL). We confirmed the reducing effects of melatonin (0.1 μmol/L) on ER‐stress after pretreatment with Tm (5 μg/mL; 22 hours) in maturing COCs. Addition of melatonin (0.1 μmol/L) to Tm‐pretreated COCs recovered meiotic maturation rates and expression of most UPR markers. In conclusion, we confirmed a role for melatonin in the modulation of UPR signal pathways and reducing ER‐stress during IVM of porcine oocytes.
(Re)Presenting Charlotte Brontë: Trying to know her two hundred years later
Authors: Maier Sarah E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAt the bicentennial of Charlotte Brontë, it is clear that readers have celebrated her life and texts in a variety of ways—artistic, material, biographical, literary, or fan. This special issue adds to scholarship on Brontë in an effort to create a feeling of knowing the author and with new considerations of her works by Wynne, Thormählen, and Morse.
Trends and predictors of appropriate complementary feeding practices in Nepal: An analysis of national household survey data collected between 2001 and 2014
Authors: Na Muzi , Aguayo Víctor M. , Arimond Mary , Dahal Pradiumna , Lamichhane Bikash , Pokharel Rajkumar , Chitekwe Stanley , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere is evidence that suboptimal complementary feeding contributes to poor child growth. However, little is known about time trends and determinants of complementary feeding in Nepal, where the prevalence of child undernutrition remains unacceptably high. The objective of the study was to examine the trends and predictors of suboptimal complementary feeding in Nepali children aged 6–23 months using nationally representative data collected from 2001 to 2014. Data from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys and the 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey were used to estimate the prevalence, trends and predictors of four WHO‐UNICEF complementary feeding indicators: timely introduction of complementary foods (INTRO), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). We used multilevel logistic regression models to identify independent factors associated with these indicators at the individual, household and community levels. In 2014, the weighted proportion of children meeting INTRO, MMF, MDD, and MAD criteria were 72%, 82%, 36% and 35%, respectively, with modest average annual rate of increase ranging from 1% to 2%. Increasing child age, maternal education, antenatal visits, and community‐level access to health care services independently predicted increasing odds of achieving MMF, MDD, and MAD. Practices also varied by ecological zone and sociocultural group. Complementary feeding practices in Nepal have improved slowly in the past 15 years. Inequities in the risk of inappropriate complementary feeding are evident, calling for programme design and implementation to address poor feeding and malnutrition among the most vulnerable Nepali children.
Extracytoplasmic function sigma factor σD confers resistance to environmental stress by enhancing mycolate synthesis and modifying peptidoglycan structures in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Toyoda Koichi , Inui Masayuki 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMycolates are α‐branched, β‐hydroxylated, long‐chain fatty acid specifically synthesized in bacteria in the suborder Corynebacterineae of the phylum Actinobacteria. They form an outer membrane, which functions as a permeability barrier and confers pathogenic mycobacteria to resistance to antibiotics. Although the mycolate biosynthetic pathway has been intensively studied, knowledge of transcriptional regulation of genes involved in this pathway is limited. Here, we report that the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor σD is a key regulator of the mycolate synthetic genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum in the suborder. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarray analysis detected σD‐binding regions in the genome, establishing a consensus promoter sequence for σD recognition. The σD regulon comprised acyl‐CoA carboxylase subunits, acyl‐AMP ligase, polyketide synthase and mycolyltransferases; they were involved in mycolate synthesis. Indeed, deletion or overexpression of sigD encoding σD modified the extractable mycolate amount. Immediately downstream of sigD, rsdA encoded anti‐σD and was under the control of a σD‐dependent promoter. Another σD regulon member, l,d‐transpeptidase, conferred lysozyme resistance. Thus, σD modifies peptidoglycan cross‐linking and enhances mycolate synthesis to provide resistance to environmental stress.
Mouse models to evaluate the role of estrogen receptor α in skeletal maintenance and adaptation
Authors: Rooney Amanda M. , van der Meulen Marjolein C.H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEstrogen signaling and mechanical loading have individual and combined effects on skeletal maintenance and adaptation. Previous work investigating estrogen signaling both in vitro and in vivo using global estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene knockout mouse models has provided information regarding the role of ERα in regulating bone mass and adaptation to mechanical stimulation. However, these models have inherent limitations that confound interpretation of the data. Therefore, recent studies have focused on mice with targeted deletion of ERα from specific bone cells and their precursors. Cell stage, tissue type, and mouse sex all influence the effects of ERα gene deletion. Lack of ERα in osteoblast progenitor and precursor cells generally affects the periosteum of female and male mice. The absence of ERα in differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts in mice generally resulted in reduced cancellous bone mass, with differing reports of the effect by animal sex and greater deficiencies in bone mass typically occurring in cancellous bone in female mice. Limited data exist for the role of bone cell–specific ERα in skeletal adaptation in vivo. Cell‐specific ERα gene knockout mice provide an excellent platform for investigating the function of ERα in regulating skeletal phenotype and response to mechanical loading by sex and age.