bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incident rate and risk factors for tuberculosis among patients with type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Qiu Hanbo , Shi Yan , Li Yanyun , Shen Xin , Li Rui , Yang Qundi , Pan Qichao , Yan Fei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the incident rate of tuberculosis (TB) and its associates among adults with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai, China.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among 170 399 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥18 years who were registered in Shanghai community‐based diabetes management system between 2004 and 2009. Their TB status was tracked until 31 December 2014. Cox regression was performed to identify the risk factors for TB.ResultsWe documented 785 new TB cases during 654 977 person‐years of follow‐up. The incident rate of TB was 224.20 (206.69, 243.16) per 100 000 person‐years among men and 51.34 (44.75, 58.92) per 100 000 person‐years among women. A 1‐unit increase of BMI was associated with a risk reduction in 16% (P < 0.01) for men and a 14% (P < 0.01) reduction for women. TB cases were more likely to be insulin‐dependent [men: hazard ratio = 2.13 (1.29, 3.53); women: 3.28 (1.28, 8.39)] and had a poor glucose level initially [men: 1.21 (1.15, 1.27); women: 1.27 (1.18, 1.37)]. The risk factor for TB specific to men was a young age at diagnosis of diabetes, and the protective factor specific to women was actively engaging in physical activity.ConclusionsTB incident rate among patients with type 2 diabetes was substantially higher among men than among women. The risk of TB was reversely associated with initial BMI. The severity of poor glucose control among patients with diabetes was also linearly associated with the risk of TB.
Screening, diagnosis and management of human cysticercosis and Taenia solium taeniasis: technical recommendations by the COHEMI project study group
Authors: Zammarchi Lorenzo , Bonati Maurizio , Strohmeyer Marianne , Albonico Marco , Requena‐Méndez Ana , Bisoffi Zeno , Nicoletti Alessandra , García Hector H. , Bartoloni Alessandro ,   The COHEMI Project Study Group
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeurocysticercosis, the central nervous system's localised form of cysticercosis, is considered to be the leading cause of epilepsy in the developing world. In Europe, the disease is mainly imported and affects both immigrants and travellers. However, autochthonous cases of cysticercosis in low‐endemic countries could also originate from Taenia solium carriers (migrants or travellers) who acquired taeniasis overseas. Management of cysticercosis is a challenge for European healthcare providers as they are often hardly aware of this infection and have little familiarity in managing this disease. This study provides a summary of recommendations concerning screening, diagnosis and management of cysticercosis and T. solium taeniasis in Europe drawn up by nine experts in migrant health and imported diseases with experience in cysticercosis and T. solium taeniasis.
Linkage to HIV care after home‐based HIV counselling and testing in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Ruzagira Eugene , Baisley Kathy , Kamali Anatoli , Biraro Samuel , Grosskurth Heiner ,   the Working Group on Linkage to HIV Care
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundHome‐based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) has the potential to increase HIV testing uptake in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), but data on linkage to HIV care after HBHCT are scarce. We conducted a systematic review of linkage to care after HBHCT in SSA.MethodsFive databases were searched for studies published between 1st January 2000 and 19th August 2016 that reported on linkage to care among adults newly identified with HIV infection through HBHCT. Eligible studies were reviewed, assessed for risk of bias and findings summarised using the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 14 studies from six countries met the eligibility criteria; nine used specific strategies (point‐of‐care CD4 count testing, follow‐up counselling, provision of transport funds to clinic and counsellor facilitation of HIV clinic visit) in addition to routine referral to facilitate linkage to care. Time intervals for ascertaining linkage ranged from 1 week to 12 months post‐HBHCT. Linkage ranged from 8.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.8–9.8%] to 99.1% (95% CI, 96.9–99.9%). Linkage was generally lower (<33%) if HBHCT was followed by referral only, and higher (>80%) if additional strategies were used. Only one study assessed linkage by means of a randomised trial. Five studies had data on cotrimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis and 12 on ART eligibility and initiation. CTX uptake among those eligible ranged from 0% to 100%. The proportion of persons eligible for ART ranged from 16.5% (95% CI, 12.1–21.8) to 77.8% (95% CI, 40.0–97.2). ART initiation among those eligible ranged from 14.3% (95% CI, 0.36–57.9%) to 94.9% (95% CI, 91.3–97.4%). Additional linkage strategies, whilst seeming to increase linkage, were not associated with higher uptake of CTX and/or ART. Most of the studies were susceptible to risk of outcome ascertainment bias. A pooled analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity across studies with regard to design, setting and the key variable definitions.ConclusionOnly few studies from SSA investigated linkage to care among adults newly diagnosed with HIV through HBHCT. Linkage was often low after routine referral but higher if additional interventions were used to facilitate it. The effectiveness of linkage strategies should be confirmed through randomised controlled trials.
Simplified mathematical modelling for a solar humidification compression desalination system
Authors: Ghalavand Younes 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe performance of a solar humidification‐dehumidification desalination where dehumidification is carried out by compression is studied. The mathematical models are developed to assess the effect of operating condition on desalination system. Two models are developed for solar heater and humidifier tower and after solving the models, the obtained results are compared with the experimental data for model verification. The results indicate a good conformity between the model and experimental data. There exist a 1.9–13.3% error between experimental data and modelling. The lowest error is assigned to water temperature in the humidifier and the highest to air temperature in the solar heater.
A Novel Implementation Strategy in Residential Care Settings to Promote EBP: Direct Care Provider Perceptions and Development of a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Slaughter Susan E. , Bampton Erin , Erin Daniel F. , Ickert Carla , Jones C. Allyson , Estabrooks Carole A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundInnovative approaches are required to facilitate the adoption and sustainability of evidence‐based care practices. We propose a novel implementation strategy, a peer reminder role, which involves offering a brief formal reminder to peers during structured unit meetings.AimsThis study aims to (a) identify healthcare aide (HCA) perceptions of a peer reminder role for HCAs, and (b) develop a conceptual framework for the role based on these perceptions.MethodsIn 2013, a qualitative focus group study was conducted in five purposively sampled residential care facilities in western Canada. A convenience sample of 24 HCAs agreed to participate in five focus groups. Concurrent with data collection, two researchers coded the transcripts and identified themes by consensus. They jointly determined when saturation was achieved and took steps to optimize the trustworthiness of the findings. Five HCAs from the original focus groups commented on the resulting conceptual framework.ResultsHCAs were cautious about accepting a role that might alienate them from their co‐workers. They emphasized feeling comfortable with the peer reminder role and identified circumstances that would optimize their comfort including: effective implementation strategies, perceptions of the role, role credibility and a supportive context. These intersecting themes formed a peer reminder conceptual framework.Linking Evidence to ActionWe identified HCAs’ perspectives of a new peer reminder role designed specifically for them. Based on their perceptions, a conceptual framework was developed to guide the implementation of a peer reminder role for HCAs. This role may be a strategic implementation strategy to optimize the sustainability of new practices in residential care settings, and the related framework could offer guidance on how to implement this role.
Bone morphogenetic protein signalling in pulmonary hypertension: advances and therapeutic implications
Authors: Yang Kai , Wang Jian , Lu Wenju 
Published: April 2017

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This review covers recent evidence highlighting the crucial pathophysiological roles and molecular mechanisms of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway during the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and discusses targeting of BMP signalling as a new treatment option against PH.

What advances does it highlight?
A series of breakthrough findings have greatly enriched our understanding about the mechanism of action of BMP signalling in PH and proved the feasibility of BMP targeting strategies in experimental PH models. This review collects these ideas and discusses the frontiers of BMP signalling‐targeted PH therapy at different steps of the signal transduction.

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐mediated signalling pathway plays crucial roles in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Typical BMP signalling involves BMP ligands, specific transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors, cellular responsive kinases and secreted antagonists. As more and more studies have been conducted, the specific protective or pathogenic roles of these molecules within all these subgroups of BMP signalling have been continuously uncovered. Based on this evidence, specific strategies have been designed by targeting these factors as a new treatment approach to PH. In this review, we have collected recent advances in the exciting findings that link BMP signalling with the pathogenesis of PH and we discuss the potential future frontiers in therapeutic design.
Ancient genomic changes associated with domestication of the horse
Authors: Librado Pablo , Gamba Cristina , Gaunitz Charleen , Der Sarkissian Clio , Pruvost Mélanie , Albrechtsen Anders , Fages Antoine , Khan Naveed , Schubert Mikkel , Jagannathan Vidhya , Serres-Armero Aitor , Kuderna Lukas F. K. , Povolotskaya Inna S. , Seguin-Orlando Andaine , Lepetz Sébastien , Neuditschko Markus , Thèves Catherine , Alquraishi Saleh , Alfarhan Ahmed H. , Al-Rasheid Khaled , Rieder Stefan , Samashev Zainolla , Francfort Henri-Paul , Benecke Norbert , Hofreiter Michael , Ludwig Arne , Keyser Christine , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Ludes Bertrand , Crubézy Eric , Leeb Tosso , Willerslev Eske , Orlando Ludovic 
Published: April 2017

Ancient genomics of horse domesticationThe domestication of the horse was a seminal event in human cultural evolution. Libradoet al.obtained genome sequences from 14 horses from the Bronze and Iron Ages, about 2000 to 4000 years ago, soon after domestication. They identified variants determining coat color and genes selected during the domestication process. They could also see evidence of admixture with archaic horses and the demography of the domestication process, which included the accumulation of deleterious variants. The horse appears to have undergone a different type of domestication process than animals that were domesticated simply for food.Science, this issue p.442
Susceptibility Testing of Medically Important Parasites
Authors: Genetu Bayih Abebe , Debnath Anjan , Mitre Edward , Huston Christopher D. , Laleu Benoît , Leroy Didier , Blasco Benjamin , Campo Brice , Wells Timothy N. C. , Willis Paul A. , Sjö Peter , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Pillai Dylan R. 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARY

In the last 2 decades, renewed attention to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has spurred the development of antiparasitic agents, especially in light of emerging drug resistance. The need for new drugs has required
in vitro
screening methods using parasite culture. Furthermore, clinical laboratories sought to correlate
in vitro
susceptibility methods with treatment outcomes, most notably with malaria. Parasites with their various life cycles present greater complexity than bacteria, for which standardized susceptibility methods exist. This review catalogs the state-of-the-art methodologies used to evaluate the effects of drugs on key human parasites from the point of view of drug discovery as well as the need for laboratory methods that correlate with clinical outcomes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Potassium Feldspar-Solubilizing Bacterium Ensifer adhaerens L18
Authors: Peng Qingjing , Yi Langbo , Peng Qingzhong , Peng Yuyuan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Ensifer adhaerens
L18, isolated from potassium feldspar mining area soil, was found to be capable of solubilizing K from an insoluble K-bearing mineral source. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of the feldspar-solubilizing bacterium
Ensifer adhaerens
L18. These data provide the basis to investigate the relative impact of bacteria in feldspar solubilizing and the molecular mechanism of the potassium feldspar’s dissolution.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Achromobacter Species Infections in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: a North American Cohort Study
Authors: Edwards B. D. , Greysson-Wong J. , Somayaji R. , Waddell B. , Whelan F. J. , Storey D. G. , Rabin H. R. , Surette M. G. , Parkins M. D. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Achromobacter
species are increasingly being detected in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, with an unclear epidemiology and impact. We studied a cohort of patients attending a Canadian adult CF clinic who had positive sputum cultures for
Achromobacter
species in the period from 1984 to 2013. Infection was categorized as transient or persistent (≥50% positive cultures for 1 year). Those with persistent infection were matched 2:1 with age-, sex-, and time-matched controls without a history of
Achromobacter
infection, and mixed-effects models were used to assess pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) frequency and lung function decline. Isolates from a biobank were retrospectively assessed, identified to the species level by
nrdA
sequencing, and genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Thirty-four patients (11% of those in our clinic), with a median age of 24 years (interquartile range [IQR], 20.3 to 29.8 years), developed
Achromobacter
infection. Ten patients (29%) developed persistent infection. Persistence did not denote permanence, as most patients ultimately cleared infection, often after years. Patients were more likely to experience PEx at incident isolation than at prior or subsequent visits (odds ratio [OR], 2.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2 to 6.7];
P
= 0.03). Following persistent infection, there was no difference in annual lung function decline (−1.08% [95% CI, −2.73 to 0.57%] versus −2.74% [95% CI, −4.02 to 1.46%];
P
= 0.12) or the odds of PEx (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.45 to 3.28];
P
= 0.70). Differential virulence among
Achromobacter
species was not observed, and no cases of transmission occurred. We demonstrated that incident
Achromobacter
infection was associated with a greater risk of PEx; however, neither transient nor chronic infection was associated with a worsened long-term prognosis. Large, multicenter studies are needed to clarify the clinical impact, natural history, and transmissibility of
Achromobacter
.
Differential Involvement during Latent Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of the Superior and Inferior Divisions of the Vestibular Ganglia: Implications for Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Himmelein Susanne , Lindemann Anja , Sinicina Inga , Horn Anja K. E. , Brandt Thomas , Strupp Michael , Hüfner Katharina 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTControversy still surrounds both the etiology and pathophysiology of vestibular neuritis (VN). Especially uncertain is why the superior vestibular nerve (SVN) is more frequently affected than the inferior vestibular nerve (IVN), which is partially or totally spared. To address this question, we developed an improved method for preparing human vestibular ganglia (VG) and nerve. Subsequently, macro- and microanatomical as well as PCR studies were performed on 38 human ganglia from 38 individuals. The SVN was 2.4 mm longer than the IVN, and in 65% of the cases, the IVN ran in two separate bony canals, which was not the case for the SVN. Anastomoses between the facial and cochlear nerves were more common for the SVN (14/38 and 9/38, respectively) than for the IVN (7/38 and 2/38, respectively). Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we found only a few latently herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-infected VG (18.4%). In cases of two separate neuronal fields, infected neurons were located in the superior part only. In summary, these PCR and micro- and macroanatomical studies provide possible explanations for the high frequency of SVN infection in vestibular neuritis.IMPORTANCEVestibular neuritis is known to affect the superior part of the vestibular nerve more frequently than the inferior part. The reason for this clinical phenomenon remains unclear. Anatomical differences may play a role, or if latent HSV-1 infection is assumed, the etiology may be due to the different distribution of the infection. To shed further light on this subject, we conducted different macro- and microanatomical studies. We also assessed the presence of HSV-1 in VG and in different sections of the VG. Our findings add new information on the macro- and microanatomy of the VG as well as the pathophysiology of vestibular neuritis. We also show that latent HSV-1 infection of VG neurons is less frequent than previously reported.
Variable Inhibition of Zika Virus Replication by Different Wolbachia Strains in Mosquito Cell Cultures
Authors: Schultz Michaela J. , Isern Sharon , Michael Scott F. , Corley Ronald B. , Connor John H. , Frydman Horacio M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Mosquito-borne arboviruses are a major source of human disease. One strategy to reduce arbovirus disease is to reduce the mosquito's ability to transmit virus. Mosquito infection with the bacterial endosymbiont
Wolbachia pipientis w
Mel is a novel strategy to reduce
Aedes
mosquito competency for flavivirus infection. However, experiments investigating cyclic environmental temperatures have shown a reduction in maternal transmission of
w
Mel, potentially weakening the integration of this strain into a mosquito population relative to that of other
Wolbachia
strains. Consequently, it is important to investigate additional
Wolbachia
strains. All Zika virus (ZIKV) suppression studies are limited to the
w
Mel
Wolbachia
strain. Here we show ZIKV inhibition by two different
Wolbachia
strains:
w
AlbB (isolated from
Aedes albopictus
mosquitoes) and
w
Stri (isolated from the planthopper
Laodelphax striatellus
) in mosquito cells.
Wolbachia
strain
w
Stri inhibited ZIKV most effectively. Single-cycle infection experiments showed that ZIKV RNA replication and nonstructural protein 5 translation were reduced below the limits of detection in
w
Stri-containing cells, demonstrating early inhibition of virus replication. ZIKV replication was rescued when
Wolbachia
was inhibited with a bacteriostatic antibiotic. We observed a partial rescue of ZIKV growth when
Wolbachia
-infected cells were supplemented with cholesterol-lipid concentrate, suggesting competition for nutrients as one of the possible mechanisms of
Wolbachia
inhibition of ZIKV. Our data show that
w
AlbB and
w
Stri infection causes inhibition of ZIKV, making them attractive candidates for further
in vitro
mechanistic and
in vivo
studies and future vector-centered approaches to limit ZIKV infection and spread.

IMPORTANCE
Zika virus (ZIKV) has swiftly spread throughout most of the Western Hemisphere. This is due in large part to its replication in and spread by a mosquito vector host. There is an urgent need for approaches that limit ZIKV replication in mosquitoes. One exciting approach for this is to use a bacterial endosymbiont called
Wolbachia
that can populate mosquito cells and inhibit ZIKV replication. Here we show that two different strains of
Wolbachia
,
w
AlbB and
w
Stri, are effective at repressing ZIKV in mosquito cell lines. Repression of virus growth is through the inhibition of an early stage of infection and requires actively replicating
Wolbachia
. Our findings further the understanding of
Wolbachia
viral inhibition and provide novel tools that can be used in an effort to limit ZIKV replication in the mosquito vector, thereby interrupting the transmission and spread of the virus.
Grass Carp Reovirus VP41 Targets Fish MITA To Abrogate the Interferon Response
Authors: Lu Long-Feng , Li Shun , Wang Zhao-Xi , Du Si-Qi , Chen Dan-Dan , Nie Pin , Zhang Yong-An 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Although fish possess an efficient interferon (IFN) system to defend against aquatic virus infection, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) still causes hemorrhagic disease in grass carp. To date, GCRV's strategy for evading the fish IFN response is still unknown. Here, we report that GCRV VP41 inhibits fish IFN production by suppressing the phosphorylation of mediator of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation (MITA). First, the activation of the IFN promoter (IFNpro) stimulated by mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and MITA was decreased by the overexpression of VP41, whereas such activation induced by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) was not affected. Second, VP41 was colocalized in the cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated with MITA. Furthermore, as a phosphorylation substrate of TBK1, VP41 significantly decreased the phosphorylation of MITA. Truncation assays indicated that the transmembrane (TM) region of VP41 was indispensable for the suppression of IFNpro activity. Finally, after infection with GCRV, VP41 blunted the transcription of host IFN and facilitated viral RNA synthesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that GCRV VP41 prevents the fish IFN response by attenuating the phosphorylation of MITA for viral evasion.

IMPORTANCE
MITA is thought to act as an adaptor protein to facilitate the phosphorylation of IRF3 by TBK1 upon viral infection, and it plays a critical role in innate antiviral responses. Here, we report that GCRV VP41 colocalizes with MITA at the ER and reduces MITA phosphorylation by acting as a decoy substrate of TBK1, thus inhibiting IFN production. These findings reveal GCRV's strategy for evading the host IFN response for the first time.