bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The misleading narrative of the canonical faculty productivity trajectory
Authors: Way Samuel F. , Morgan Allison C. , Clauset Aaron , Larremore Daniel B. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Scholarly productivity impacts nearly every aspect of a researcher’s career, from their initial placement as faculty to funding and tenure decisions. Historically, expectations for individuals rely on 60 years of research on aggregate trends, which suggest that productivity rises rapidly to an early-career peak and then gradually declines. Here we show, using comprehensive data on the publication and employment histories of an entire field of research, that the canonical narrative of “rapid rise, gradual decline” describes only about one-fifth of individual faculty, and the remaining four-fifths exhibit a rich diversity of productivity patterns. This suggests existing models and expectations for faculty productivity require revision, as they capture only one of many ways to have a successful career in science.
Neuron-specific methylome analysis reveals epigenetic regulation and tau-related dysfunction of BRCA1 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mano Tatsuo , Nagata Kenichi , Nonaka Takashi , Tarutani Airi , Imamura Tomohiro , Hashimoto Tadafumi , Bannai Taro , Koshi-Mano Kagari , Tsuchida Takeyuki , Ohtomo Ryo , Takahashi-Fujigasaki Junko , Yamashita Satoshi , Ohyagi Yasumasa , Yamasaki Ryo , Tsuji Shoji , Tamaoka Akira , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Saido Takaomi C. , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ushijima Toshikazu , Murayama Shigeo , Hasegawa Masato , Iwata Atsushi 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceTo extract critical information from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) postmortem brains that may otherwise be lost, we chose to screen epigenetic signatures. Epigenome analysis is a robust methodology in terms of its cell type and gene specificity, suitability for high-throughput analysis, and resistance to postmortem degradation. Analysis of the neuron-specific methylome revealed a variety of differentially methylated genes, includingBRCA1. We demonstrate the pathogenic relevance of compromised genomic integrity by analyzing the neuroprotective function of BRCA1 against amyloid β (Aβ)-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, insolubility of BRCA1 under the presence of aggregated tau suggested the reason for its dysfunction despite enhanced expression. We provide insight into the pathomechanism of AD and demonstrate the potential of screening neuron-specific methylome to reveal new pathogenic contributors.
Visualizing nuclear RNAi activity in single living human cells
Authors: Avivi Shira , Mor Amir , Dotan Iris , Tzadok Sivan , Kanter Itamar , Kinor Noa , Canaani Dan , Shav-Tal Yaron 
Published: October 2017

Significance
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process occurring in cells, and is used to silence genes. Typically, RNAi occurs via small RNA molecules generated in the cell nucleus, which are exported to the cytoplasm where they silence messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. However, RNAi is thought to occur in the nucleus as well. To demonstrate that this process can occur in the nucleus and to determine its dynamics, we generated human cell systems that enabled us to image living cells and to track gene silencing as it transpired in real time. We found that the RNAi machinery can target the mRNA as it is being transcribed, and that silencing is mediated through modifications occurring on histone proteins bound to the DNA.
Argumentative and non-argumentative rhetorical content
Authors: Bermejo-Luque Lilian 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Following a conception of the rhetorical dimension of communication as a matter of its ability to induce beliefs and attitudes, this paper proposes an analysis of the rhetorical content of a piece of communication in terms of the perlocutionary effects that it can be expected to produce in its addressees. Following this view, a distinction is drawn between argumentative and non-argumentative rhetorical content, which is illustrated by considering some pieces of discourse about same-sex marriage. I argue that whether or not we deal with argumentation proper, we can find both types of rhetorical content in any type of communication.
Reason and passion in political rhetoric
Authors: Kienpointner Manfred 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The central question, which I wish to answer with the help of the following case study in political rhetoric, can be formulated as follows: Can Louise Michel’s revolutionary rhetoric successfully combine reason (logos), character (ethos) and passion (pathos)? Michel’s revolutionary rhetoric is part of a long tradition of outstanding written and/or spoken freedom discourse. Moreover, it is an example of how an individual speaker adapts to and/or modifies existing preconditions and conventions within the genres of deliberation (communicative activity types within this genre: e.g. political speech, political essay, plenary debate) and adjudication (communicative activity types within this genre: e.g. court proceedings, arbitration; cf. van Eemeren, 2010, p. 143).
In order to explore the general historical background of Michel’s speech, I first briefly summarize the philosophical discussion of the concept of „freedom“. After that, the central question will be tentatively answered on the basis of the classical Aristotelian trichotomy of logos, ethos and pathos. Louise Michel has been praised for her extraordinary courage, altruistic attitude and relentless energy. So there is no doubt that her ethos had a considerable impact on her rhetorical success. She was also highly efficient as far as the arousal of strong emotions in her audience is concerned (pathos).
Less attention has been paid to Michel’s anarchist arguments (logos) and their verbal presentation. In this paper, some of the most important arguments to be found in her political speeches and articles will be analysed and critically evaluated. Moreover, Michel’s verbal presentation techniques will be described.
Apart from the Aristotelian concepts of logos, ethos and pathos, Critical Discourse Analysis (cf. Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012) and Pragma-Dialectics, especially van Eemeren’s (2010, p. 40) elaboration of the concept of “strategic maneuvering” and its adaptation to the context of political rhetoric (cf. van Eemeren & Garssen, 2012), will be taken as a theoretical starting point. I conclude that Michel only partially succeeds in combining rhetorical efficiency with standards of rational argumentation. All in all, however, her political discourse has to be taken seriously.
Context and genre in judicial argumentation
Authors: Santulli Francesca 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter takes into consideration the role of context in the production of judicial texts, focusing on judgements as a genre which displays special argumentative and textual characters. The purpose of the research, hinged on a case study, is to investigate how deeply and in which ways some features of the professional community generating an argumentative text – namely, the legal system and the traditional rules typical of the judicial community in the Italian tradition – influence both the logic and the linguistic structure.
The case study combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Frequency lists and concordance lines produced with the Wordsmith Tools software are analysed and compared with data emerging from qualitative investigation in a discourse-based perspective, focusing on the actual use of argumentation. The analysis shows how the judge develops the argumentative line, taking a stand in the interlocutive dimension, and thus complying with legislative and discursive norms typical of the Italian judicial context.
Multi-participant TV debate as an argumentative activity type
Authors: Demir Yeliz 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Television debates are a tool of public deliberation through which ordinary citizens can get involved in deliberative democracy. They are argumentative events in which standpoints about a controversial issue are raised, defended, and criticized. By adopting the pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation (van Eemeren & Houtlosser, 2005; van Eemeren, 2010), this paper aims to characterize a multi-participant TV debate (MPTD) as an argumentative activity type. Argumentative characterization of an MPTD involves, first of all, providing a detailed description of the institutional constraints imposed on the argumentative practices in this activity type, and next, distinguishing in MPTD the empirical counterparts of the four stages of a critical discussion. For illustration, the paper draws its examples from Siyaset Meydanı, an MPTD that had a long broadcasting history in Turkey. As a result of the characterization achieved in this paper, it is concluded that an MPTD is a moderately-conventionalized deliberative activity type preconditioned by both implicit and explicit norms governing the conduct of argumentation.
The transmission of what is taken for granted in children’s socialization
Authors: Bova Antonio , Arcidiacono Francesco , Clément Fabrice 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Argumentation is often considered as a way to transmit explicit information. However, in daily context-based activities, argumentation practices are embedded in discussions where many norms, beliefs, and values are taken for granted. Our objective is to evaluate the consequences of this daily argumentative processes in terms of socialization. More specifically, we focus on family mealtime conversations and analyze the structure of argumentation thanks to an ideographic methodology based on two models: the pragma-dialectical ideal model of critical discussion (van Eemeren & Grootendorst, 2004) and the Argumentum Model of Topics (Rigotti & Greco Morasso, 2010).
The results, based on a corpus of 30 video-recorded separate meals of 10 middle to upper-middle-class Swiss and Italian families, indicate that implicits in argumentation are particularly effective in transmitting what is taken for granted in any given cultural community. This effectiveness derives from the fact that presuppositions, i.e. background information not explicitly indicated as relevant, appear as unquestionable. Children, who are largely dependent on adults for their well-being as well as for their knowledge acquisition, are not in a position to call into question these presuppositions. Moreover, in the absence of the background necessary to understand an argument, children have to figure out (initially vaguely) a certain context that enables them to make sense of the ongoing dialogue. This background will progressively be enriched thanks to other interactions. Therefore the chances that many aspects of what is taken for granted in any given family will be maintained in the next generation are particularly high.

The results of this study can contribute to the wider theme of argumentative practices and debates in societal and family issues. Family interactions constitute a favorable discursive arena involving children and adults through different intersubjective positions that are shaped by socio-cultural and interpersonal factors within the contingent context of a discussion. Assuming the perspective of argumentation as cultural activity contributes not only to giving conditions for defining development, but also to framing the context in which the development is supported.
Visual arguments in activists’ campaigns
Authors: Degano Chiara 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter contributes to the ongoing debate on the possibility and realizations of visual arguments, focussing on advertisements produced by NGOs as part of their campaigns – image-based messages that are inherently argumentative and whose reach, thanks to the Web, extends well beyond the time and space constraints of the campaigns themselves. One of the nodes of such a debate concerns whether visuals can express at the same time the two parts of an argument (standpoint and supporting argument), and how each of them can be identified. The analysis carried out here heads into this direction, by putting to use categories from Kress and van Leeuwen’s ‘grammar’ of visual design and combining them with the tenets of the pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation.
Attacks on the cartoonist’s strategic manoeuvring
Authors: Plug H. José 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Political cartoons may be understood as instances of visual or multimodal argumentative discourse. When a political cartoon is a subject of controversy, the criticism of the cartoon may therefore be aimed at the argumentation. For the purpose of a systematic analysis of visual and multimodal argumentation that gives rise to controversy, I make use of insights of the extended pragma-dialectical argumentation theory by van Eemeren (2010). The analysis provides a starting point to determine what aspect of strategic manoeuvring is criticised and to specify the derailment of strategic manoeuvring the cartoonist is accused of. Accordingly, the analysis facilitates a refined evaluation of the accusation in which general soundness conditions are amended or supplemented by relevant institutional conditions. In this study I will concentrate on controversies on political cartoons that make use of visual metaphors to scrutinize politicians’ behaviour or actions.
Towards a new understanding of absorbing reading experiences
Authors: Kuijpers Moniek M. , Hakemulder Frank , Balint Katalin , Doicaru Miruna , Tan Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
When reading literary narratives, we assume that readers can get absorbed in the story world and in the story’s artifice. Since most absorption research focuses primarily on popular media, virtually no attention has been paid to the possibility that literary devices such as deviation could elicit absorption experiences or that absorption could be aesthetic in nature. This chapter takes an interdisciplinary approach combining insights from media psychology, literary studies, and aesthetics to present a theoretical framework for two different varieties of narrative aesthetic absorption during reading: story world absorption and artifact absorption. We propose that these varieties mirror the distinction made by narratologists between story and discourse and the distinction made by emotion psychologists between F and A emotions.
Immersion into narrative and poetic worlds
Authors: Jacobs Arthur M. , Lüdtke Jana 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A key assumption of the neurocognitive poetics model (NCPM; Jacobs, 2015a) of literary reading is the duality of immersive and aesthetic processes being conceived as rival forces driven by different text features and their implicit vs. explicit processing. With regard to the experiential phenomenon of immersion, the NCPM specifies a variety of facilitative processes at both the affective-cognitive and neuronal levels which will be further differentiated here in the light of results from recent neurocognitive and behavioral studies on reading short stories, excerpts from novels, and poems.
Into film
Authors: Tan Ed , Doicaru Miruna M. , Hakemulder Frank , Balint Katalin , Kuijpers Moniek M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Most film viewers know the experience of being deeply absorbed in the story of a popular film. It seems that at such moments they lose awareness of watching a movie. And yet it is highly unlikely that they completely ignore the fact that they watch a narrative and technological construction. Perhaps film viewers experience being in a story world while simultaneously being aware of its construction. Such a dual awareness would seem paradoxical, because the experience of the one would go at the cost of the other. We argue that the solution of this paradox requires dropping the notion of an undivided consciousness, and replacing it with one of consciousness as coming in degrees. In this chapter we present both cognitive and film-analytic arguments for differential awareness of story and narration/technology, and argue that a characteristic of absorption is to be found in story world super-consciousness.
“Spellbound in darkness”
Authors: Kessler Frank 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This contribution discusses various strands in classical and modern film theory that have tried to conceptualize the phenomenon of absorption. In the 1910’s already, several authors described the specific state the film spectator is in with a dream. This metaphor has been taken up in a variety of ways, from the often-used designation of Hollywood as a “dream factory” to psychoanalytical film theory in the 1970’s. The so-called cinematic apparatus – the darkened hall, the projector and the positioning of the spectator – was seen as a crucial element in producing this dream-like state, as was the specific impression of reality that filmic images produce. This strand is manifest in the French Filmology movement, in early semiotic film theory and, again, in psychoanalytical film theory. The article also discusses alternative accounts for the phenomenon of absorption such as the semio-paragmatic concept of “fictionalisation” or the more recently used concept of “immersion”.
Identifying with in-game characters
Authors: van Vught Jasper , Schott Gareth 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores the concepts of identification and presence in videogames by drawing on interview data from players playing a first- and third-person ‘violent’ game. Other than the more uniform relationships between perspective and identification claimed in game violence effect research, our data suggest that identification is a more complex and selective process. The third-person perspective allowed for an assessment of, and identification with, the character’s physical characteristics and fostered a greater interest in the game’s narrative unfolding (narrative involvement), while the first-person game allowed for identification with the character’s point-of-view encouraging players to adopt the character’s spatial position as their own (spatial presence). This chapter thus calls for a reassessment of the complex relationships between perspective, identification and presence.
The effect of suspense structure on felt suspense and narrative absorption in literature and film
Authors: Bálint Katalin , Kuijpers Moniek M. , Doicaru Miruna M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The present study was to further the understanding of the conceptual relationship between narrative absorption, that is the intense engagement with a story world, and felt suspense, that is the anticipation of a narrative outcome event. To this end, a media comparative online experiment was conducted with a 2 (Media format: film vs. literature) × 2 (Suspense structure: diegetic vs. non-diegetic delay) × 2 (Stories) between subject design. Results revealed a complex relationship among felt suspense, attention, emotional engagement, and transportation, showing the high importance of attention in felt suspense, and the moderating effect of media format and gender. Findings indicate that non-diegetic suspense delay unlike diegetic suspense decreases felt suspense and narrative absorption independently of media format.
Elaboration, emotion, and transportation
Authors: Dixon Peter , Bortolussi Marisa 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A central component of absorption is the compelling metaphor of “transportation into the story world.” Here, we considered four variables related to transportation and absorption more generally: evoked realism, emotional response, and personal memories as well as transportation. We collected data on these variables from a large crowd-sourced survey of readers’ reactions to their most recently read novel. To provide insight into the causal relations among these variables, we identified the best-fitting structural equation model for these data. The model indicated that transportation was a function of emotional responses, and emotional responses were a function of both evoked realism and personal memories. This analysis was interpreted in terms of the cognitive process of story world elaboration.
Forms of absorption that facilitate the aesthetic and explanatory effects of literary reading
Authors: Kuiken Don , Douglas Shawn 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Rather than articulating a univocal conception of absorption, we provide a theoretical rationale for the Absorption-like States Questionnaire (ASQ), an instrument that incorporates alternative conceptions of absorption based upon contrasts between forms of (1) attention (sustained concentration and attentional reorienting); (2) embodied space (peri-personal and extra-personal space); (3) self-other relations (pre-enactive empathy and cognitive perspective-taking); and (4) verisimilitude (generalizing realism and self-implicating givenness). Structural equation modeling indicated that, in conjunction with open reflection, a type of absorption called expressive enactment distinctively predicted aesthetic outcomes. In contrast, also in conjunction with open reflection, a type of absorption called integrative comprehension distinctively predicted explanatory outcomes.
Absorption and meaningfulness
Authors: Oliver Mary Beth , Ferchaud Arienne , Yang Chun , Huang Yan , Bailey Erica 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Recent scholarship has begun to theorize “eudaimonic” media gratifications – gratifications regarding meaningfulness, including thoughts about the human condition, human values, and questions of virtue. In this chapter, we examine the intersection of narrative absorption and eudaimonic gratifications from a variety of vantage points. First, we provide a brief discussion of how we are using these two concepts. Second, we consider eudaimonic motivations as trait-like and state-like measures that are used to describe viewers’ use of media in their search for meaning, and how this motivation heightens the likelihood of absorption during subsequent viewing. Third, we explore theoretical and conceptual accounts of how absorption into narrative worlds may ultimately serve to satisfy eudaimonic goals, resulting in feelings of heightened well-being. Finally, we will outline ideas for how future scholarship may account for evolving technologies in the examination of these relationships.
Absorption in narrative fiction and its possible impact on social abilities
Authors: Calarco Navona , Fong Katrina , Rain Marina , Mar Raymond A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to narrative fiction may be related to our ability to empathize with others, take their perspective, and understand what they are thinking and feeling. In this chapter we review the available empirical research linking narratives with the ability to infer others’ mental states, as well as the possibility that those who become more transported into a story might exhibit better mental-inference ability. We conclude with a discussion of how these issues relate to narratives in audiovisual modalities, such as TV shows and videogames.
Racist speech as a linguistic discriminatory practice in Brazil
Authors: Santos Allen Karla Cristina dos 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Brazilian law establishes a difference between the aggravated verbal injury, which is a type of insult that makes use of words or phrases pertaining to race, color, ethnicity, religion, origin or to the condition of the elderly or disabled person, and the crime of prejudice or discrimination, which consists in practicing, inducing or inciting discrimination or prejudice based on race, color, ethnicity, religion or national origin. In this paper I intend to investigate the linguistic criteria used by the judicial system to distinguish the two crimes. Based on a survey of data on legal cases of verbal injury and on interviews with two black Brazilian activists, I also intend to demonstrate the limitation of these criteria.