bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FE Modelling of Experimental Brickwork Masonry Building Under Eccentric Shear Force
Authors: Capozucca Roberto , Magagnini Erica , Pace Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:This paper compares theoretical results with the experimental investigation developed in the laboratory at the University of Edinburgh on a five-storey masonry building model in scale 1:3. In the case of masonry structures, unfortunately, the control of the theoretical results obtained by FE analysis is often hard although it is fundamental to verify the actual procedure of calculus both in the rehabilitation and in the project of new masonry structures.Methods:The aim of this work is to describe the response under lateral loading of a masonry building model prototype analysis by means of FE linear elastic modelling, assessing its performance through the comparison between the theoretical results and the experimental data. A non-linear static FE analysis has been also performed to investigate the actual ductile capacity of the structural system in relation to the different eccentricities of loadings.Results and Conclusion:Finally, the results of linear elastic analysis and non linear have been shown and discussed. The capacity of the ground floor’s walls of the building in shear, bending and torsional moments has been evaluated and discussed.
Historic City Centers After Destructive Seismic Events, The Case of Finale Emilia During the 2012 Emilia-Romagna Earthquake: Advanced Numerical Modelling on Four Case Studies
Authors: Tiberti Simone , Milani Gabriele 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:The recent wave of seismic shocks in Central Italy (2016) had once more disastrous consequences for the local monuments, which consisted of old masonry churches and towers. The permanent, seismic-induced damage to cultural heritage has become a serious issue that can no longer be downsized, and questions have been raised about how to satisfactorily assess the vulnerability of such heritage in advance. This paper deals with the investigations into the actual condition of a historic city center partially destroyed by the seismic sequence occurred in May 2012 in Emilia-Romagna. Namely, the case of Finale Emilia – a small to medium-sized village located at the very center of the stricken area – is considered.Methods:Three important heritage masterpieces were numerically analyzed using Finite Element meshes to deepen the knowledge of their seismic vulnerability and try to avoid similar disasters in the future. The first structure is a masonry castle known as “Castello delle Rocche”, which underwent severe damages during the seismic sequence. The second and third examples deal with the structural analysis of two towers, both collapsed due to the quakes: the Fortified Tower of the castle and the Clock Tower of the village. The last analysis is devoted to study the seismic behavior of a medium-sized masonry church (Santa Maria del Rosario), heavily damaged by the seismic sequence and whose bell tower collapsed due to the formation of a hinge at mid-height.Results and Conclusion:Numerical models were created for all the buildings involved, and a variety of advanced analyses were carried out, including nonlinear static and dynamic ones, to have a deep insight into their expected vulnerability, also finding reasonable correspondence between the numerical results and the actual state of damage observed during the surveys made in the aftermath of the seismic events.
Seismic Vulnerability and Fragility of Existing Italian Industrial Steel Buildings
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Di Lorenzo Gianmaria , Iannuzzi Ida , Landolfo Raffaele 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:The recent L’Aquila (2009) and Emilia-Romagna (2012) Italian earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of recently erected buildings, with particular reference to industrial ones. Although steel buildings have usually demonstrated a good behaviour under earthquakes, with limited damages and rare cases of collapse, they still represent a structural typology at risk due to the significant exposure connected to the importance of the resources they host.Methods:In the paper a parametric study on several industrial steel buildings, different for typology, geometrical dimensions, seismic zones and snow geographic areas, has been done through pushover analyses.Results and Conclusion:The results have allowed to plot vulnerability curves, which have been compared to seismic fragility curves derived from literature observational studies. The comparison among curves has allowed to estimate the effectiveness of the literature fragility studies, as well as to evaluate the seismic damages suffered by investigated structures under dissimilar grade earthquakes.
The Influence of Dowel-Pin Connections on the Seismic Fragility Assessment of RC Precast Industrial Buildings
Authors: Mezzapelle Pardo Antonio , Scalbi Agnese , Clementi Francesco , Lenci Stefano 
Published: January 2018

Background:Recent major earthquakes in the centre of the Italy, between August and October 2016, have reaffirmed the seismic vulnerability of precast industrial buildings with a lot of collapse recorded. This is typical due to the past Italian building practices, where structural deficiencies are mainly related to the capacity to transfer horizontal forces between primary structural elements.Objectives and Methods:In these types of structures, a key role is played by the dowel pin connections which allow to transfer lateral horizontal forces from the beam to the column, without losing load carrying capacity. For this reason, in this work, the assessment of the seismic fragility of single-story reinforced concrete precast building located not far from the epicentres of the two aforementioned earthquakes was done.Results and Conclusion:The seismic risk was evaluated in terms of annual frequency of exceedance for three performance levels provided by the European and Italian seismic codes, considering the mean hazard curves for the site. The comparison between the fragility of different structural models shows the importance in the choice of the column-beam connection modelling to obtain reliable results on the structural safety assessment.
Experimental vs. Numerical Simulations: Seismic Response of a Half Scale Three-Storey Infilled RC Building Strengthened Using FRP Retrofit
Authors: Bianchi Federica , Nascimbene Roberto , Pavese Alberto 
Published: January 2018

Background:
In the field of seismic analysis of structures, the use of appropriate Finite Elements software packages to manage more complex numerical models and to run more sophisticated analyses (such as nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses) in very short runtimes has increased significantly in the last decades.
In order to have confidence in the numerical results of these complex analyses, it has become an increasingly widespread practice to verify and validate the FE computers programs against literature case studies as well as experimental results. Focusing on this latter aspect, shaking-table experiments on real buildings play an important role in understanding the actual behaviour of such structures.

Objective:
In the present work, the numerical evaluation of the seismic response of a half scale three-storey infilled RC building that has been strengthened using composite materials (i.e. FRP retrofit) is carried out by adopting specific modelling techniques. The adequacy of the numerical modelling is then verified by comparing numerical results against experimental data.
Criteria for Preliminary Design of an Arched Steel Bridge on Shallow Foundation Under Soil Liquefaction Conditions
Authors: Vassilopoulou Isabella , Kaymenaki Vasiliki , Gantes Charis J. , Bouckovalas George 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:
The research is based on a proposed new foundation design method of bridges on liquefiable soil, consisting of using a shallow foundation and exploiting the liquefiable soil layer as natural seismic isolation, replacing thus the commonly employed deep foundation method. The use of this concept may be hindered by detrimental effects, such as large displacements and rotations that are expected to take place at the foundation of the structure during a strong seismic event, associated with permanent displacements due to the liquefaction phenomenon.

Methods:
The aim of the current study is to investigate the response of an arched steel bridge with two simply supported spans to displacements and rotations induced by soil liquefaction, delineate the acceptable limits of such ground movements that the bridge can sustain, avoiding the collapse of the superstructure, and define criteria for the preliminary design of the spread footing of the middle pier. To that effect, nonlinear analyses are performed, taking into account geometric and material nonlinearities. Displacements and rotations are imposed at the base of the pier and their amplitude is gradually increased until the first group of structural elements that reach failure is detected.

Results and Conclusion:
The values of displacements and rotations, for which failure occurs, specify the tolerable design limits. This is a first step towards investigating the feasibility of the above concept for bridges of this type.
Successful Nonoperative Treatment of a Lumbar Spine Extension Injury with Disruption of all Three Bony Columns in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis – A Case Report
Authors: Faqeeh Ali , Yen David 
Published: January 2018

Study Design:A case report.Background:Patients with ankylosing spondylitis have altered spinal biomechanics putting them at increased risk of spinal fractures that are unstable. As a result there is an increasing trend to treat these fractures with surgical stabilization. We hypothesize that the fracture pattern is also an important factor in patients with this disease and that those with an extension injury in the lumbar spine can be treated with brace immobilization.Objective:Report on the non-operative management of an elderly patient, with ankylosing spondylitis, who sustained an extension injury of all three bony columns of the lumbar spine.Methods:A case report of a 70-year-old man who fell from a standing height, sustaining a three-column fracture at L1-2, who did not want surgical stabilization.Results:External brace immobilization was used and the patient was closely monitored. At his final 13 month follow-up, the patient had no clinical evidence of spinal instability or neurologic compromise and radiologically we could see callous formation anteriorly and laterally between the L1 and L2 vertebral bodies.These bridged the trebeculae across the middle and posterior columns at L1 and L2 on the lateral view, and there was no change in the sagittal or coronal alignment" to "There was mature bridging bone across the middle and posterior columns at L1 and L2 on the lateral view, and there was no change in the sagittal or coronal alignmentConclusion:This case supports our hypothesis that the fracture pattern is an important factor in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and adds to the body of knowledge in the scientific literature concerning non-operative treatment of fractures in patients with ankylosed spines. Further study is required to determine whether ours is an isolated case or whether this applies to a wider population of ankylosing spondylitis patients.
Clustering Directions Based on the Estimation of a Mixture of Von Mises-Fisher Distributions
Authors: Figueiredo Adelaide 
Published: January 2018

Background:In the statistical analysis of directional data, the von Mises-Fisher distribution plays an important role to model unit vectors. The estimation of the parameters of a mixture of von Mises-Fisher distributions can be done through the Estimation-Maximization algorithm.Objective:In this paper we propose a dynamic clusters type algorithm based on the estimation of the parameters of a mixture of von Mises-Fisher distributions for clustering directions, and we compare this algorithm with the Estimation-Maximization algorithm. We also define the between-groups and within-groups variability measures to compare the solutions obtained with the algorithms through these measures.Results:The comparison of the clusters obtained with both algorithms is provided for a simulation study based on samples generated from a mixture of two Fisher distributions and for an illustrative example with spherical data.
Implementasi model pembelajaran math-science berbasis performance assessment untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di daerah perkebunan kopi Jember
Authors: Suratno Suratno , Kurniati Dian 
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpkir kritis siswa kelas V SD di sekitar perkebunan kopi Garahan Jember melalui penerapan model pembelajaran math-science berbasis performance assessment. Kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan pembuktian, kemampuan generalisasi, dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Uji coba penelitian ini diterapkan pada dua SD di sekitar perkebunan kopi yaitu MI Al –Amin Garahan dan SD Negeri Sidomulyo 03 Jember dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 80 siswa. Data diperoleh dari hasil kinerja siswa selama mengerjakan post test pada materi math-science dan wawancara. Pada siklus pertama terdapat 8 siswa (10%) yang memenuhi semua indikator kemampuan generalisasi dan pembuktian, sedangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah belum berkembang dengan maksimal. Pada siklus kedua terdapat peningkatan, yaitu terdapat 22 siswa (27.5%) yang mampu memiliki kemampuan pembuktian dan kemampuan generalisasi. Pada siklus ketiga terdapat 32 siswa (40%) yang mampu memiliki semua kemampuan berpikir kritis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.Kata kunci: math-science, performance assessment, kemampuan berpikir kritis THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MATH-SCIENCE LEARNING MODEL BASED ON PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILL IN JEMBER COFFEE PLANTATION AREAAbstractThe research is aimed t knowing the improvement of the critical thinking skills of the fifth grade students in Garahan Coffee plantation area through the implementation math-science learning model based on performance assessment. In this research, the critical thinking skills include proof skill, generalization skill, and problem solving skill. Data were analized by quantitative and qualitative approach. This research was implemented to two elementary schools in Garahan coffee plantation area, namely MI Al-Amin Garahan and SD Negeri Sidomulyo 03 Jember, with 80 students as the subject. Data were obtained from the result of students’ post test on math-science and interview. In the first trial, there are 8 students (10%) who comply with all indicators of generalization and proof skills, while the problem solving skill has not optimally been developed. The result of the second trial has increased to 22 students (27.5%) who have proof and generalization skills. The third trial shows that 32 students (40%) comply with all indicators of critical thinking skills, namely proof, generalization, and problem solving skills. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that there is improvement on students’ critical thinking skill.Keywords: math-science, performance assessment, critical thinking skill
Pengembangan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis pada materi Optik Geometri untuk mahasiswa Fisika
Authors: Pradana Shan Duta Sukma , Parno Parno , Handayanto Supriyono Koes 
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian & pengembangan yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ADDIE dengan urutan tahapan penganalisisan, perencanaan, pengembangan, pengimplementasian, dan pengevaluasian, tetapi pada penelitian ini hanya dilakukan sampai tahap pengimplementasian. Tes yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lima belas butir soal uraian. Validasi terhadap butir soal tes dilakukan dua kali, yaitu validasi isi dan validasi empiris. Hasil validasi isi menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata butir soal tes sebesar 3,394 berkategori baik, sedangkan hasil validasi empiris menunjukkan bahwa ada sebelas soal berkategori valid dan empat soal berkategori tidak valid. Sebelas soal yang berkategori valid memiliki nilai koefisien reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha sebesar 0,67. Hasil implementasi tes menunjukkan hasil bahwa nilai rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa sebesar 27,20 dari 100,00 dengan nilai tertinggi 71,05 dan nilai terendah 2,63. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa masih kurang.Kata kunci: tes kemampuan bepikir kritis, kemampuan berpikir kritis DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS TEST IN GEOMETRICAL OPTIC FOR PHYSICS STUDENTAbstractThe kind of this study is the research and development that aims to develop critical thinking skills test. This study uses ADDIE model that has five steps: analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate, but in this study only done until the implementing step. This test consists of fifteen items essay test. Validation of this test performed twice, content validation and empirical validation. Content validation shows that this test have good categorized with average score 3,394, whereas empirical validation shows that there are eleven items that have valid categorized and four items that have invalid categorized. The valid items have reliabity coefficient Alpha Cronbach 0,67. The result of implementing step shows that students have average of critical thinking skill score 27,20 from 100,00 with the higest score 71,05 and the lowest score 2,63. This result shows that students’ critical thinking skills are still lacks.Keywords: critical thinking skills test, critical thinking skills
Role of Shopping Value on Green Image and Store Loyalty Relationship
Authors: Mohd. Yusof Jamaliah , Musa Rosidah , Abd. Rahman Sofiah 
Published: January 2018

This study aims at examining the role of shopping value in green image and store loyalty relationship. Convenience sampling using quota sampling was used to collect data of a sample of 565 consumers. Using structural equation modeling, it was found that shopping value mediates the relationship between green image of retailers and store loyalty. The result provides valuable insights to researchers and practitioners, and implications for future research directions and management of the retail industry are discussed.
Subsidiarity: European Lessons for Australia's Federal Balance
Authors: Aroney Nicholas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe principle of subsidiarity was adopted as part of the law of the European Union as a response to perceptions of excessive centralisation and bureaucratisation within the European system of government. If subsidiarity is a solution to these problems in Europe, it might be asked: could it also be a solution to similar problems that arise in other federal systems, such as those of the United States and Australia? However, posing the question in this way is misleading because it is not at all clear that subsidiarity has been a solution in Europe, and in any case it cannot be assumed that a solution in one context will necessarily operate effectively in another.This article closely examines the nature and operation of the principle of subsidiarity in Europe and asks what lessons might be learned from it. To do this, the article begins by identifying the carefully defined operation of the principle in EU law and then closely examining the application of the principle, firstly as a political decision-making procedure that involves the Member State parliaments in the European policy-making process, and secondly as a juridical principle enforceable by the European Court of Justice. The possible adoption of the principle in other federations is then discussed, but limitations on its effectiveness in Europe, as well as the different institutional and political circumstances of the Australian federal system, are shown to undermine its likely usefulness, unless other more fundamental issues about the way in which the federal system is understood, organised and operated are addressed.
Federal Constitutional Influences on State Judicial Review
Authors: Groves Matthew 
Published: January 2018

Since the late 1990s it has become increasingly clear that the Commonwealth Constitution is the dominant influence upon judicial review of administrative action in Australia. The Constitution provides for a minimum entrenched provision of judicial review by recognising and protecting the supervisory jurisdiction of the High Court. This protection comes at a price because the separation of powers doctrine and the division and allocation of functions it fosters impose many limits upon the reach and content of judicial review of administrative action. This protective and restrictive effect of the separation of powers upon judicial review of administrative action arguably reflects a wider tension in the separation of powers, in which the powers and limits of each arm of government are balanced in a wider sense.The extent to which these competing principles apply to judicial review at the State level has long been unclear. There seemed good reason why judicial review at the State level should not be subject to the restrictions that have arisen at the federal level. After all, the various State constitutions did not adopt an entrenched separation of powers like that of the Commonwealth Constitution.
Considering Canadian Approaches to Equality in the Context of Constitutional Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
Authors: Parrott Louise 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the context of proposals to amend the Australian Constitution to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the Expert Panel established by the Australian Government recommended the insertion of a prohibition of racial discrimination. Canadian experiences may assist when exploring the potential implications of prohibiting discrimination in the Australian Constitution and when considering the various options that are available. With this in mind, in this article I discuss the constitutional ideas regarding equality and non-discrimination that have already begun migrating from Canada to Australia and could continue to inform Australian consideration of the numerous issues that may arise. I start with an appraisal of the perceived problems surrounding s 51(xxvi) of the Australian Constitution and the reform options that have already been identified, before considering what Canadian approaches could offer Australia, if anything. My view is that the utility of the transplantation of constitutional provisions depends on the starting point. Its usefulness may be less when the focus is a parochial issue. While it may be possible to draft a tighter prohibition, there could remain a risk that focusing on non-discrimination could overshadow the Aboriginal rights dimensions underlying many calls for recognition.
Pro-Arbitration Policy in the Australian Courts — the End of Eisenwerk?
Authors: Hayward Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInternational arbitration is an important area of federal jurisdiction and federal legislative competence, and has attracted significant policy attention in Australia. This paper undertakes a study of pro-arbitration judicial policy in recent arbitration-related Australian case law which touches upon the continuing applicability of the controversial 1999 Eisenwerk decision of the Queensland Court of Appeal. Against this pro-arbitration judicial policy context, this paper reviews five Eisenwerk-related cases handed down between 2010 and 2012. It concludes that despite pro-arbitration judicial policy being embedded as a requirement of reasoning in decisions under the International Arbitration Act 1974 (Cth), there is mixed evidence of such policy in the cases surveyed. This paper concludes that the extent to which this policy is evidenced largely corresponds with the degree to which contemporary decisions have departed from Eisenwerk.