bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First record of Sergestes belonging to edwardsii species group (Sergestidae, Crustacea) from the Indian Ocean
Authors: YOUSUF FARZANA , KAZMI QUDDUSI B. 
Published: April 2017

Sergestes edwardsii Kröyer, 1855 species group is composed of 9 species: S. semissis (Burkenroad, 1940); S. gibbilobatus (Judkins, 1978); S. orientalis (Hansen, 1919); S. geminus (Judkins, 1978); S. tantillus (Burkenroad, 1940); S. consobrinus (Milne, 1968) California Current Form; S. consobrinus (Milne, 1968) Central Form; S. edwardsii (Kröyer, 1855); S. brevispinatus (Judkins,1978). The bathypelagic shrimps belonging to the genus Sergestes are being studied from the IIOE material for its taxonomy and distribution. Two species, S. brevispinatus (Judkins,1978) and S. edwardsii (Kröyer, 1855), have been collected by the research vessels ANTON BRUNN, ARGO, DIAMANTINA, METEOR, OSHORO MARU and VARUNA in the Indian Ocean for the first time. Sergestes edwardsii is broadly distributed throughout the tropical Atlantic; it occurs from the New Land Plaza, Canada, to the wide of the Great Power of the North; throughout the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Records at high northern latitudes in the Western Atlantic are probably due to transport by the Gulf Stream (Judkins, 1978). In Brazil it occurs in Para, in the Archipelago of Are Peter and Sao Paulo, Great River of North Fermando De Noronho (D’Incao, F., 1995, 1998). Specimens of the present material are housed in the Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre (MRC&RC), University of Karachi.
Bryconops magoi and Bryconops collettei (Characiformes: Characidae), two new freshwater fish species from Venezuela, with comments on B. caudomaculatus (Günther)
Authors: CHERNOFF BARRY , MACHADO-ALLISON ANTONIO 
Published: April 2017

Bryconops collettei and B. magoi are described from the Caura and Miamo (Bolívar State), Iguapo (Amazonas State) and Moquete (Anzoátegui State) rivers, Venezuela. These new species belong to the subgenus Bryconops, based upon apomorphies of the jaws and gill rakers and are compared with members of the subgenus. Based on morphology, meristics and color patterns, B. collettei and B. magoi are distinguished from B. caudomaculatus, the closest species in the subgenus, by having a generally more slender body, pored scales of the lateral line extending beyond the hypural plate, and a diffuse ocellus partially filled with red color only on the upper lobe of the caudal fin. Bryconops collettei is distinguished from B. magoi on the basis of meristic and morphometric characteristics. B. caudomaculatus has been largely misidentified in the literature and we provide comments as a guide to its proper recognition.
Ectonocryptoides quadrimeropus, a new centipede genus and species from Jalisco, Mexico; proposal of Ectonocryptopinae, analysis of subfamilial relationships, and a key to subfamilies and genera of the Scolopocryptopidae (Scolopendromorpha)
Authors: SHELLEY ROWLAND M. , MERCURIO RANDY 
Published: April 2017

Ectonocryptoides quadrimeropus, n. gen., n. sp., is proposed for a minute scolopocryptopid centipede occurring near sea level in coastal Jalisco that is anatomically similar to the unillustrated, written description of Ectonocryptops kraepelini Crabill, 1977, from ca. 1,615 m (5,300 ft) elevation in the interior of Colima. Both possess enlarged, subclavate caudal legs that lack claws and in which the distal podomeres are inflated and bulbous, but this appendage has only 4 articles in the former (tibiae and 1st tarsi enlarged) and 5 in the latter (tibiae and 1st & 2nd tarsi enlarged). The genera cannot be accommodated by an existing subfamily, necessitating proposal of Ectonocryptopinae, the fourth scolopocryptopid subfamily, the others being Newportiinae, Kethopinae, and Scolopocryptopinae. A key is provided to the subfamilies and eight component genera; each of the former contains two anatomically similar genera, as Tidops Chamberlin, 1915, is returned to the Newportiinae from the nominate taxon, where it was transferred without justification. Relationships among the four subfamilies are postulated as Kethopinae + (Scolopocryptopinae + (Ectonocryptopinae + Newportiinae)).
A review of the type material of the Southern African genus Stenobasipteron Lichtwardt, 1910 (Diptera: Nemestrinidae), with transfer of two species to Prosoeca Schiner, 1867
Authors: BARRACLOUGH DAVID A. 
Published: April 2017

Stenobasipteron is a long-proboscid genus of Nemestrininae endemic to southeast Africa (South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi), Swaziland and Mozambique being new country records. There has been recent research interest in Stenobasipteron by pollination biologists, and a pollination guild centred on a species reputed to be S. wiedemanni is now established in the literature. Consequently an urgent need has developed to provide accurate identifications of all described species. A provisional generic diagnosis is provided, and problems with distinguishing Stenobasipteron from Prosoeca Schiner are discussed. In addition to the markedly narrowed wing base (a character state traditionally used to identify the genus), the following combination of character states are included in the revised generic diagnosis of Stenobasipteron: striking body markings absent, ocellar protuberance not prominent in profile, proboscis subequal to or longer than body length, wing usually appearing mostly brown infuscate (infuscation sometimes paler towards posterior margin) and abdominal T3 and T4 with short recumbent vestiture (longer erect hairing nearly always absent). The revised generic concept of Stenobasipteron is now found to include only three named species: S. arnoldi Bequaert, 1925 (Zimbabwe), S. gracile Lichtwardt, 1910 (Zimbabwe) and S. wiedemanni Lichtwardt, 1910 (Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa). A notable fauna of undescribed Stenobasipteron species occurs in the Mpumulanga and Limpopo Provinces (northeastern South Africa), Mozambique, Zimbabwe and probably Malawi. Two species are transferred to Prosoeca and the following new combinations are established: P. difficile (Bequaert, 1925) (Zimbabwe) and P. minimum (Bezzi, 1924) (Western Cape, South Africa). An annotated key to the accepted species of Stenobasipteron s.s., largely based on type material, is presented
Bothrocara nyx: a new species of eelpout (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from the Bering Sea
Authors: STEVENSON DUANE E. , ANDERSON M. ERIC 
Published: April 2017

A new species of eelpout, Bothrocara nyx, is described from the eastern Bering Sea slope on the basis of 142 specimens collected during bottom trawl surveys conducted from 2000 through 2004. This species has a small maximum size, a short snout, a relatively low number of small vomerine and palatine teeth, a high number of gill rakers, and a heavily pigmented mouth and gill chamber. It is similar to B. pusillum, but differs in the number of gill rakers, and in the morphology of gill rakers and pectoral fins. It can be distinguished from all other congeners on the basis of morphometric and meristic characters.
Farm suicides in New Zealand, 2007–2015: A review of coroners’ records
Authors: Beautrais Annette L 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Economic recessions and severe weather events are often associated with increased suicide rates. The Global Dairy Crisis 2015/2016 led to an economic downturn in the New Zealand dairy farming industry and, coupled with droughts in some regions and floods in others, raised fears about increased suicide rates among farmers. However, little was known about suicides in the farming sector. This study reviews characteristics of recent farm-related suicides in New Zealand and assesses the extent to which financial stresses contributed to the deaths. Methods: Data were abstracted from coroners’ records for a consecutive series of 185 people in farm- and agriculture-related occupations who died by suicide between 2007 and 2015 and for whom coronial inquiries had been completed. Results: Farm suicides were heterogeneous: six distinct risk profiles were identified. Financial stresses made negligible contributions to farm suicides. Overall, risk factors for farm suicides differed little from risk factors for suicide in the general population. However, suicide risk in farmers was exacerbated by ready access to firearms: almost 40% of farm suicides involved firearms, compared to 8% in the general population over the same time. Among farm suicides, young male farm labourers predominated, rather than farm owners or managers. For many young men, relationship losses, acute alcohol intoxication and ready access to a firearm formed a common constellation of risk factors. Conclusions: While coroners’ records are variable and do not record specific information about financial stresses and weather events, it was clear that these issues made a negligible contribution to farm suicides. A range of rural suicide prevention initiatives are needed to address various farm suicide risk profiles. In particular, young male labourers often had no contact with health services prior to death, suggesting that rural suicide prevention efforts need to be positioned within community, farming and sports organisations, as well as health and social service providers.
Induction Chemotherapy plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy vs Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Elderly Patients with Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chunlin , Tang Xi , Wang Jiaojian , Song Jian , Xu Yanhua 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare survival and toxicity between induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC + CCRT) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) alone in elderly patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Study DesignPropensity‐matched analysis of survival and toxicity in a retrospective elderly cohort.SettingDepartment of Medical Oncology, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 193 patients with stage III to IVb NPC who were treated with IC + CCRT or CCRT alone were enrolled. A cohort with suitable propensity scores was created (82 patients in the IC + CCRT group and 82 patients in the CCRT group). Survival and toxicity were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsFor the IC + CCRT group and the CCRT group, the 5‐year locoregional failure‐free survival (LRFFS) rate was 80.4% and 77.2% (P =. 53), the 5‐year distant failure‐free survival (DFFS) rate was 80% and 76.9% (P =. 517), the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 71.8% and 60.5% (P =. 26), and the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rate was 75.3% and 66.7% (P =. 144), respectively. There was a significant difference in the cumulative incidence of all grade 3 to 4 toxicities between the 2 groups (29.9% vs 17.7%, P = 4.8 × 10–6).ConclusionsIC + CCRT had a high cumulative incidence of grade 3 to 4 toxicities in elderly patients with advanced NPC, while there were no improvements in 5‐year LRFFS rate, DFFS rate, OS rate, or CSS rate between patients who underwent the IC + CCRT vs CCRT alone. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone is still the standard of treatment.
Knee Biomechanics During Jogging After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hall Michelle , Wrigley Tim V. , Metcalf Ben R. , Hinman Rana S. , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Dempsey Alasdair R. , Lloyd David G. , Bennell Kim L. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Altered knee joint biomechanics is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis and has been reported in patients after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) while performing various activities. Longitudinally, understanding knee joint biomechanics during jogging may assist future studies to assess the implications of jogging on knee joint health in this population. Purpose: To investigate knee joint biomechanics during jogging in patients 3 months after APM and a healthy control group at baseline and 2 years later at follow-up. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seventy-eight patients who underwent medial APM and 38 healthy controls underwent a 3-dimensional motion analysis during barefoot overground jogging at baseline. Sixty-four patients who underwent APM and 23 controls returned at follow-up. External peak moments (flexion and adduction) and the peak knee flexion angle during stance were evaluated for the APM leg, non-APM leg (nonoperated leg), and control leg. Results: At baseline, the peak knee flexion angle was 1.4° lower in the APM leg compared with the non-APM leg ( P = .03). No differences were found between the moments in the APM leg compared with the control leg (all P > .05). However, the normalized peak knee adduction moment was 35% higher in the non-APM leg compared with the control leg ( P = .008). In the non-APM leg, the normalized peak knee adduction and flexion moments were higher compared with the APM leg by 16% and 10%, respectively, at baseline ( P ≤ .004). Despite the increase in the peak knee flexion moment in the APM leg compared with the non-APM leg ( P < .001), there were no differences in the peak knee flexion moment or any other parameter assessed at 2-year follow-up between the legs ( P > .05). Conclusion: Comparing the APM leg and control leg, no differences in knee joint biomechanics during jogging for the variables assessed were observed. Higher knee moments in the non-APM leg may have clinical implications for the noninvolved leg. Kinematic differences were small (~1.4°) and therefore of questionable clinical relevance. Clinical Relevance: These results may facilitate future clinical research regarding the implications of jogging on knee joint health in middle-aged, overweight patients after APM.
Comparison of the mechanical properties of different skin sites for auricular and nasal reconstruction
Authors: Griffin M. F. , Leung B. C. , Premakumar Y. , Szarko M. , Butler P. E. 
Published: April 2017

Background Autologous and synthetic nasal and auricular frameworks require skin coverage. The surgeon's decides on the appropriate skin coverage for reconstruction based on colour matching, subcutaneous tissue thickness, expertise and experience. One of the major complications of placing subcutaneous implants is the risk of extrusion (migration through the skin) and infection. However, knowledge of lessening the differential between the soft tissue and the framework can have important implications for extrusion. This study compared the mechanical properties of the skin commonly used as skin sites for the coverage in auricular and nasal reconstruction. Methods Using ten fresh human cadavers, the tensile Young's Modulus of the skin from the forehead, forearm, temporoparietal, post-auricular and submandibular neck was assessed. The relaxation rate and absolute relaxation level was also assessed after 90 min of relaxation. Results The submandibular skin showed the greatest Young's elastic modulus in tension of all regions (1.28 MPa ±0.06) and forearm showed the lowest (1.03 MPa ±0.06). The forehead demonstrated greater relaxation rates among the different skin regions (7.8 MPa−07 ± 0.1). The forearm showed the lowest rate of relaxation (4.74 MPa−07 ± 0.1). The forearm (0.04 MPa ±0.004) and submandibular neck skin (0.04 MPa ±0.005) showed similar absolute levels of relaxation, which were significantly greater than the other skin regions ( p < 0.05). Conclusions This study provides an understanding into the biomechanical properties of the skin of different sites allowing surgeons to consider this parameter when trying to identify the optimal skin coverage in nasal and auricular reconstruction.
The effect of Rho drugs on mast cell activation and degranulation
Authors: Sheshachalam Avinash , Baier Alicia , Eitzen Gary 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that produce potent proinflammatory mediators, which are stored in cytoplasmic granules. Stimulation triggers degranulation, a process that mobilizes granules to dock and fuse to the plasma membrane, releasing mediators. Mast cell degranulation has an important role in immunity but can also intensify inflammation and contribute to allergic disorders. Hence, it is important to understand signaling pathways that regulate mast cell degranulation. Here, we examined the role of Rho proteins in regulating mast cell activation leading to degranulation. RBL-2H3 cells and bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) were stimulated through aggregation of FcɛRI receptors. Stimulated cells showed a large increase in the levels of activated Rac and, to a lesser extent, RhoA. Drugs were used to acutely inhibit the function of specific Rho proteins. The Rac inhibitor EHT-1864 and the RhoA inhibitor rhosin inhibited degranulation. Microscopic characterization showed that, upon stimulation, RBL-2H3 cells formed surface ridges that grew into large protrusions reminiscent of circular dorsal ruffles, which flattened into large lamellipodia. LysoTracker-labeled cells showed granules stream into peripheral protrusions. EHT-1864 reduced granule motility, whereas rhosin increased motility; both drugs affected the formation of peripheral protrusions. These results showed that, in response to stimuli, Rho proteins control discrete cytoskeletal remodeling processes that are needed for granule exocytosis. Rac is required to stimulate the remodeling of mast cells, triggering actin-mediated flattening of the cell periphery to create an active degranulation zone, whereas RhoA controls the streaming of highly motile granules into the active zone.
High-Sugar, but Not High-Fat, Food Activates Supraoptic Nucleus Neurons in the Male Rat
Authors: Hume Catherine , Sabatier Nancy , Menzies John 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Oxytocin is a potent anorexigen and is believed to have a role in satiety signaling. We developed rat models to study the activity of oxytocin neurons in response to voluntary consumption or oral gavage of foods using c-Fos immunohistochemistry and in vivo electrophysiology. Using c-Fos expression as an indirect marker of neural activation, we showed that the percentage of magnocellular oxytocin neurons expressing c-Fos increased with voluntary consumption of sweetened condensed milk (SCM). To model the effect of food in the stomach, we gavaged anesthetized rats with SCM. The percentage of supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus magnocellular oxytocin-immunoreactive neurons expressing c-Fos increased with SCM gavage but not with gastric distention. To further examine the activity of the supraoptic nucleus, we made in vivo electrophysiological recordings from SON neurons, where anesthetized rats were gavaged with SCM or single cream. Pharmacologically identified oxytocin neurons responded to SCM gavage with a linear, proportional, and sustained increase in firing rate, but cream gavage resulted in a transient reduction in firing rate. Blood glucose increased after SCM gavage but not cream gavage. Plasma osmolarity and plasma sodium were unchanged throughout. We show that in response to high-sugar, but not high-fat, food in the stomach, there is an increase in the activity of oxytocin neurons. This does not appear to be a consequence of stomach distention or changes in osmotic pressure. Our data suggest that the presence of specific foods with different macronutrient profiles in the stomach differentially regulates the activity of oxytocin neurons.
Non-centralized and functionally localized nervous system of ophiuroids: evidence from topical anesthetic experiments
Authors: Matsuzaka Yoshiya , Sato Eiki , Kano Takeshi , Aonuma Hitoshi , Ishiguro Akio 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTOphiuroids locomote along the seafloor by coordinated rhythmic movements of multi-segmented arms. The mechanisms by which such coordinated movements are achieved are a focus of interest from the standpoints of neurobiology and robotics, because ophiuroids appear to lack a central nervous system that could exert centralized control over five arms. To explore the underlying mechanism of arm coordination, we examined the effects of selective anesthesia to various parts of the body of ophiuroids on locomotion. We observed the following: (1) anesthesia of the circumoral nerve ring completely blocked the initiation of locomotion; however, initiation of single arm movement, such as occurs during the retrieval of food, was unaffected, indicating that the inability to initiate locomotion was not due to the spread of the anesthetic agent. (2) During locomotion, the midsegments of the arms periodically made contact with the floor to elevate the disc. In contrast, the distal segments of the arms were pointed aborally and did not make contact with the floor. (3) When the midsegments of all arms were anesthetized, arm movements were rendered completely uncoordinated. In contrast, even when only one arm was left intact, inter-arm coordination was preserved. (4) Locomotion was unaffected by anesthesia of the distal arms. (5) A radial nerve block to the proximal region of an arm abolished coordination among the segments of that arm, rendering it motionless. These findings indicate that the circumoral nerve ring and radial nerves play different roles in intra- and inter-arm coordination in ophiuroids.
Reprogramming towards totipotency is greatly facilitated by synergistic effects of small molecules
Authors: Miyamoto Kei , Tajima Yosuke , Yoshida Koki , Oikawa Mami , Azuma Rika , Allen George E. , Tsujikawa Tomomi , Tsukaguchi Tomomasa , Bradshaw Charles R. , Jullien Jerome , Yamagata Kazuo , Matsumoto Kazuya , Anzai Masayuki , Imai Hiroshi , Gurdon John B. , Yamada Masayasu 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Animal cloning has been achieved in many species by transplanting differentiated cell nuclei to unfertilized oocytes. However, the low efficiencies of cloning have remained an unresolved issue. Here we find that the combination of two small molecules, trichostatin A (TSA) and vitamin C (VC), under culture condition with bovine serum albumin deionized by ion-exchange resins, dramatically improves the cloning efficiency in mice and 15% of cloned embryos develop to term by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The improvement was not observed by adding the non-treated, rather than deionized, bovine serum. RNA-seq analyses of SCNT embryos at the two-cell stage revealed that the treatment with TSA and VC resulted in the upregulated expression of previously identified reprogramming-resistant genes. Moreover, the expression of early-embryo-specific retroelements was upregulated by the TSA and VC treatment. The enhanced gene expression was relevant to the VC-mediated reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in SCNT embryos. Our study thus shows a simply applicable method to greatly improve mouse cloning efficiency, and furthers our understanding of how somatic nuclei acquire totipotency.