bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of nano-sized copper powders in liquid media via high-energy electrical explosion method: Use of high purity copper recovered from waste jelly-filled cable as raw material
Authors: Lee Sungkyu , Lee Dukhee , Lee Soo-Young , Cho Sung-Su , Uhm Sunghyun 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A novel process for fabrication of nano-sized copper powders in organic oleic acid medium was developed employing a high-energy electrical explosion method. Formation of copper oxides was inhibited by the oleic acid medium during the electrical explosion of copper wires recovered from waste jelly-filled cable as a raw material for synthesis of nano-colloids and final dried nano-sized copper powders. High voltage of 320 V was repeatedly applied between the two horizontal electrodes for 3000 electrical explosions across the horizontal electrodes assembly. The copper powders were finally recovered via dispersion of the colloid by ultra-sonification and subsequent drying in an oven at 60 °C for 1 h and 5 h, respectively. The copper powders thus fabricated were analyzed using FESEM, BET surface area analyzer, TEM and elemental analyzer for determination of morphology, porosity and elemental purity. All of them turned out to be superior compared to similarly produced copper nano-sized powders in deionized water or ethyl alcohol (EtOH) media.
Comparison between an Ascenda and a silicone catheter in intrathecal baclofen therapy in pediatric patients: analysis of complications
Authors: Motta Francesco , Antonello Clara Eleonora 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
In this single-center study the authors investigated the complications occurring before and after the introduction of the new Ascenda intrathecal catheter (Medtronic Inc.) in pediatric patients treated with intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) for spasticity and/or dystonia.

METHODS
This was a retrospective review of 508 children who had received ITB, 416 with silicone catheters in the 13 years between September 1998 and September 2011 and 92 with Ascenda catheters in the 3 years between September 2011 and August 2014. The authors evaluated major complications such as infections, CSF leaks treated, and problems related to the catheter or pump, and they compared the 2 groups of patients who had received either a silicone catheter or an Ascenda catheter implant.

RESULTS
One hundred twenty patients in the silicone group (29%) and 1 patient in the Ascenda group (1.1%; p < 0.001) had a major complication. In the silicone group 23 patients (5.5%) were affected by CSF leakage and 75 patients (18%) experienced 82 catheter-related events, such as occlusion, dislodgment, disconnection, or breakage, which required catheter replacement. In the Ascenda group, only 1 patient (1.1%) was affected by CSF leakage.

CONCLUSIONS
To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first in the literature to compare the performance of the new Ascenda catheter, introduced in 2011, with the traditional silicone catheter for intrathecal drug infusion. In their analysis, the authors found that the Ascenda catheter can reduce major complications related to the catheter after ITB pump implantation. Further investigation is necessary to expand on and confirm their results.
“All That Country Will Be Taken Up by the Thrifty Settler”: Migration, Environment, and the Cutover Lands of Minnesota, USA from the 1890s to the 1930s
Authors: Brown Kevin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the lumber industry in northern Minnesota transformed vast swaths of forested land into lumber products for burgeoning capitalist markets across the United States, a process entailing not only the destruction of old growth pine forests, but the creation of a new (albeit severely degraded) space: the cutover. These lands – marshy, rocky, and now riddled with tree stumps and debris – presented serious economic problems for lumber companies themselves, in the form of tax burdens and the risk of spreading fires to still valuable timbered lands. Lumber companies and boosters promoted the climate and ecology of this region as ideal for agricultural development by migrants of “modest means.” This understanding of the cutover reflected a mix of ideas about nature, climate, and migration as much as it did the ecology of the region itself. By the late 1920s, the dream of these cutover boosters resulted in a landscape of impoverished migrants and abandoned farms across the former lumber regions of both states. When, during the 1930s, New Deal planners examined the cutover and evaluated its climate and ecology they saw its future in radically different terms than boosters had. These spaces, they argued, should be removed from agricultural development and reforested under public control. This case study demonstrates that the ways institutions and individuals think about climate and ecology matters when examining the connection between migration and climate.
Big Science and the Enchantment of Growth in Latin America
Authors: Cuvi Nicolás 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The central theme of this article is the mirage of growth that spread in Latin American countries under the influence of the United States, during and after World War II, that is, the persuasion that well-being could be achieved through growth, that building and making everything bigger would grant the people of these countries a lifestyle similar to that of the United States. Contrary to this belief, the author argues that what has grown is not the projected well-being of the people, but poverty, exclusion, external debt and ecological damage. The author’s investigation of the subject begins from the long shadows cast by WWII on the environment. This historical period not only had significant material consequences on world landscapes, but also had a symbolic impact, at least in Latin America, through the rise of the ideal of Big Science, which actually aggravated the material environmental impacts. The article concludes with a reflection on the need for a paradigm shift towards ways of achieving development without relying exclusively on growth. Environmental studies could point out ways to defuse or possibly even eradicate the enchantment of growth.
The Environmental Impacts of Japan’s Occupation of West Malaysia (1942-45) and its Socio-Economic Implications
Authors: Kathirithamby-Wells Jeyamalar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Japanese occupation of Malaysia highlights the interrelation between war and the natural environment as forming an integral part of the national narrative and global environmentalism. By disrupting the economy and emasculating the forestry service, the Japanese military administration removed the restraints on forest invasion by the hungry and landless and simultaneously privileged Japanese cooperate business, which engaged in indiscriminate exploitation, ostensibly for the war effort. Despite the best efforts of the Japanese scientific wing, the breakdown of forest management wrought havoc on environment and health. Ironically, postwar restitution of forestry was based on two by-products of the war: the Malayan Uniform System of silviculture and new technologies of harvesting and transportation, which set independent Malaysia on the trajectory of unsustainable harvesting. But equally, the retreat to the forest of the hungry, the landless and the disaffected bred a new awareness of human interdependence, irrespective of ethnic differences, within a shared natural environment. The collective experience and memory contributed to the emergence of the nation’s first environmental advocates.
Survival Strategies and the Environment: The Siwalik Forest Commons, 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Chakravarty-Kaul Minoti 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The history of the Siwalik forest commons counters the notion of a ‘tragedy of the commons’ as is commonly understood. It also corroborates their support as buffers and safety niches for pastoral peoples from uncertain political and harsh landscape of seven rivers and mountain chains of the Hindu Kush - Himalayas. Here we document those features of such traditional systems of shamilat van or forest commons in the Siwalik forests of the Punjab and analyse their contribution to the agro-ecosystems of both local agriculturalists and pastoralists to the north and south and the reciprocal system of rights, rules, and responsibilities devised by the users to ensure the survival of the forests. These resource-use systems also enabled communities to bear uncertainty and share risks. Indigenous management systems assumed a diversity of forms, reflecting the flexibility required to adapt to the dynamic environments in which these communities lived. It appears that this institutional flexibility allowed local management systems to endure through political upheavals and natural disasters. Thus it is that the collaborative management of the Siwalik forests successfully supported fragile ecosystems of the Upper Himalayas and relieved resource pressures on the plains below in the doabs or land lying between the rivers of Punjab.
Urbanists and the Environment Between Technique and Politics: The Case of Italy from the Sixties to the Present
Authors: Corona Gabriella 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Beginning in the Sixties, a trend in town-planning studies known as “reformist” developed in Italy, largely revolving around the Istituto Nazionale di Urbanistica (national institute for town-planning studies). This trend marked a deep change in land management concepts. Its adherents sought to “reform” – rather than merely rationalize – the economic growth to limit its negative social and environment impact. This was to be achieved by controlling the real estate market and the regulation of land rent processes. Thanks to the strong ties they formed with public administrations and left-wing parties, many exponents of this trend became leading figures in the public debate on cities of the Seventies and early Eighties, and were responsible for many institutional decisions adopted in this period at the national as well as the local level (e.g. the land law of 1977 and the ten-year housing plan of 1978). In the Eighties and Nineties, in spite of the spread of a private conception of urban planning - the so-called “contrattata” (negotiated) urban planning – the exponents of this trend were still able to carry out programs and plans – e.g. in Bologna, Roma, and Naples – aimed at safeguarding the physical integrity of the land. This was achieved through a juridical and legislative evolution (as in the case of the Galasso law of 1986 and subsequent measures) that provided public administrations with new instruments for the protection of natural resources and the landscape, even within urban areas.
“Rather Active Today than Radioactive Tomorrow!” Environmental Justice and the Anti-Nuclear Movement in 1970s Wyhl, West Germany
Authors: Kalb Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

This article applies new understandings of environmental justice theory to a specific local case study. More precisely, it uses a broader conception of environmental justice theory to further our understanding of the rise of the German anti-nuclear movement. After briefly introducing new trends within environmental justice theory that move beyond equity, the article applies this framework to the German context. It thereby helps define
Umweltgerechtigkeit
or environmental justice in Germany, and then applies this nuanced framework to the events in Wyhl, a small community on the forefront against nuclear power in the early 1970s. The article ultimately argues that environmental justice needs to move beyond focusing on the unequal distribution of environmental goods and bads. It also indicates that environmental justice is an excellent historical lens and a powerful interdisciplinary framework that can provide unique avenues for revisiting existing scholarship.
13. Culture, alphabétisation et enseignement au 18e siècle
Authors: Trenard Louis 
Published: June 2016

13. Louis Trenard : Culture, Literacy and teaching in the 18th century.
This study does not set out to evaluate results ; given its narrow limits, it cannot constitute a real conceptual frame or methodology for the academic and university questions of the Enlightenment ; it is centred above all on the research of French scholars pursued over the last ten years or so ; it attempts to elucidate some of the dominant traits. For all Universities, research is concerned with the notion of decline, the sociology of students, the role of the Faculties in religious quarrels, the evolution of teaching, in particular the introduction of sciences into syllabuses. The pedagogy of the Colleges, the sociology of teachers and pupils, the text books in use, the cartography of scolarisation give rise to original works elaborated within the frame of a congregation of teachers, a State, a province, a town, an institution... The historian of the " Petites Ecoles " attempts to assemble evidence bearing on the rates at which schools were frequented, on the state of exercise books, on the training of teachers... The results of scolarisation are gauged by studying the signatures on the Catholic Registers. This history of teaching should be set in its socio-cultural context.
L'édition des œuvres de Prévost
Authors: Sgard Jean 
Published: June 2016

Jean Sgard : Prevost's complete works.
The building of a text does not merely consist in revealing a latent image ; the editor takes part in the elaboration of the text, for which he gives a new image among others. Taking the edition of Prevost's works (now in progress) as an illustration, J. S. analyses the critical processes performed by the editor : selection of the works, working out of the plan of the issue, norms of the elaboration of the text, system of foot-notes.
L'âge néo-classique. Les expositions de Londres, 1972
Authors: Pariset François-Georges 
Published: June 2016

Georges Pariset : The Neo classic age.
G. P. gives a detailed report of all the neo-classical exhibitions held in London in 1972, in order to emphasize its outstanding interest and to attract attention to some problems on history of this artistic movement, on the part France took in it, and on the importance it gathered particularly in the eyes of our contemporaries, in the evolution of artistic forms, and of sensibility.
Le barreau béarnais et la signification des Lumières en province (1770-1789)
Authors: Desplat Christian 
Published: June 2016

Béarnais lawyers and the Significance of the Enlightenment in the Provinces (1770-1789).
The lawyers of Pau, conservative dignitaries of modest origins, can only be understood in relation to their position and the extent of their participation in the structures of the Ancien Régime. They mostly adopted the ideas of the Enlightenment but expressed them almost exclusively in literary and poetic forms. With one exception they ensured the spread of new ideas within the traditional framework. With the coming of the Revolution, political disillusionment was widespread and often precipitate ; 1789 halted the progress of the Enlightenment and sterilised thought in the provinces. The greater had been their participation in the spread of the Enlightenment, the briefer and more restrained was their participation in the Revolution.
La diffusion des Lumières dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle : Ch.-J. Panckoucke, un libraire éclairé (1760-1799)
Authors: Tucoo-Chala Suzanne 
Published: June 2016

The Diffusion of Enlightenment in the second half of the 18th century : Ch.-J. Pancoucke, an enlightened Publisher (1760-1799).
This article examines, from his early beginnings to his development under the revolution, the career of one of the most celebrated French editor-publishers of the 18th century, Charles Joseph Pancoucke (born in 1736). It covers the complex relations between the defence of Enlightenment in a capitalistic sense and its political use by Bourgeois democratic thought. Attention is also drawn to the conditions and consequences of the ideological opposition between Enlightenment and Capitalism.
La politique de Novalis
Authors: Michaud Stéphane 
Published: June 2016

The Politics of Novalis.
As early as 1798 F. Schlegel, in a famous passage, described the French Revolution as one of the three most important movements of his time. In spite of this warning, the standard interpretation by critics has long been to consider early German Romanticism as reactionary and anti-Enlightenment. Novalis, its most brilliant representative, became the symbol of counter-revolutionary thought. This article, based on recent studies by German critics, tries to re-establish the truth. Novalis had nothing to do with pietist circles hostile to the Revolution ; his thought combines that of Lessing, Schlegel, Kant and Fichte, to produce an original synthesis.
Une facétie inédite de Paul-Henri Thiry d'Holbach
Authors: Lizé Émile 
Published: June 2016

Émile Lizé : D'Holbach 's Apologie de l'ennui et des ennuyeux.
Of the light-hearted essays by Paul Henri Thiry d'Holbach, only two were presented by Grimm and Meister in their Correspondance littéraire ; the hitherto unknown text published here appeared between December 1790 and April 1793. In this amusing piece, d'Holbach demonstrates how boredom is the mainspring of human action and of the prosperity of nations, and how, without it, human society would founder.
Les pièges de la narration d'agrément dans Les Confessions de Rousseau
Authors: Duisit Lionel 
Published: June 2016

Lionel Duisit : the pitfalls of humour in Rousseau's Confessions.
This article, a stylistic approach to Rousseau's Confessions, analyses the tension to be found in the first six books, between Rousseau's concern for self-justification and the ironic tone which he adopts when describing certain incidents of his youth (for example, the stolen ribbon) that would seem to exclude a humorous treatment. Through an analysis of several passages, the author shows how Rousseau's lack of concern for stylistic unity contributes, by the ensuing ambiguity, to psychological veracity.
J.-J. Rousseau lexicographe : «Danger, risque, péril»
Authors: Le Bouler Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Pierre Le Bouler : J. -J. Rousseau as lexicographer.
The fragment by Rousseau beginning with the words " danger, risk, peril " is a preparatory note for the Social Contract, dating probably from the beginning of 1761. After compering it with the article signed by d'Alembert in the Encyclopédie, the author concludes that Rousseau was attempting to compete with the author of the article ' Synonyms ', in the hope that he would finally be recognised as a political theorist who was concerned with precision.
Les tombeaux de Vérone de L.-S. Mercier ou Roméo et Juliette aux Lumières de l'Orient
Authors: Gury Jacques 
Published: June 2016

Jacques Gury : Les Tombeaux de Vérone by L. S. Mercier.
As a playwright, Mercier has still to be vindicated ; his Tombeaux de Verone, however, has an interest of its own. This play owes nothing to Shakespeare, most of it being lifted from C. F. Weisse's Romeo and Julia (1768) and its ano¬ nymous French adaptation (1772). But it is not a simple case of plagiarism, as Mercier gave the drama a new dimension, centring it round the physician Benvoglio (replacing Friar Lawrence), who fights for love and freedom, and sees the lovers reunited and the families reconciled. This is not yet another ' drame bourgeois ' about virtue rewarded, but a Masonic work ; Benvoglio, the exponent of masonic love, guides the couple through tests and trials which symbolise the initiation rites. Mercier, a Freemason, here staged for his brethren the triumph of Masonic ideals over the forces of darkness.
Oratoriens et jésuites dans le diocèse d'Arras. Une arme de combat : les petites écoles
Authors: Fouilleron Joël 
Published: June 2016

Joël Fouilleron : Jesuits and jansenists : the schools in the diocese of ARRAS.
The spread of jansenism is illustrated by the example of a dispute in Douai in 1 7 1 8 over the elementary schools run by the Oratorians . The jesuits accused them of using unauthorised jansenist catechisms, and at their instigation the magistrates visited the schools and examined the books. The extent of janse¬ nist influence is thus revealed. Also published, an exchange of letters between the magistrate and the Bishop of Arras, a representative of the " tiers parti " (neither jansenist nor pro-jesuit). He protests against this interference in religious affairs.
Chronologie des Mémoires de Trévoux
Authors: Sgard Jean 
Published: June 2016

Jean Sgard : Chronology of the «mémoires de trévoux ».
The important dates in the history of the M.T., from its foundation in 1701 up to the disparition of its last successor in 1782. Included are the dates of its editors, changes in staff, administrative reforms and the main crises.
Le renouvellement des Mémoires de Trévoux en 1734
Authors: Gilot Michel , Sgard Jean 
Published: June 2016

Michel Gilot, Jean Sgard : The reorganisation of the «mémoires de Trévoux » in 1734.
In January 1734 the M. T. moved to Paris ; the Superiors of the S. J. took the opportunity to undertake a material, political and literary reform. Firstly, the editorial hierarchy was reestablished, frequency of publication was rein¬ forced, with a more literary, worldly and orthodox team ; secondly, it was placed under the Superiors' direct control, to develop a doctrinal counter-offensive and to attract a cultivated public ; thirdly, it was adapted to the new publishing market. From the Jesuits' declarations, readers' comments and the 1734 contents, one can see how the M. T. became an influential " literary " journal.
Note sur les archives romaines de la Compagnie
Authors: Armogathe Jean-Robert 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Robert Armogathe : A note on the society's roman archives.
A review of the documents in the Society's Archives in Rome reveals the comparative lack of extant archives for 18th-century France and Spain. The author gives details of existing documents concerning France, including a rich section on missions and the important series of catalogues of Provinces.
Le Collège royal en 1724 et le projet de l'abbé Bignon
Authors: Jory David H. 
Published: June 2016

David Jory : The collège royal in 1724. The abbé bignon's proposals.
In 1724 the abbé Bignon proposed to move the Collège Royal, which was in a poor state — academically, financially and physically — to new quarters next to the Bibliothèque du Roi, and to reorganise and modernise the subjects taught. Though changes were ordered by the Conseil du Roi, and progressive new rules drawn up, the order was opposed by some influential professors (in particular Couture and Rollin) and never carried out.
Montesquieu présent : études et travaux depuis 1960
Authors: Rosso Corrado 
Published: June 2016

Corrado Rosso : Montesquieu studies since 1960.
A review of studies on Montesquieu and his work since 1960. Currently available editions and biographical works are assessed ; the Lettres persanes, the Considérations, the Esprit des lois and minor works are dealt with separately ; also works concerning M. in the fields of sociology, anthropology, political philosophy, law, biology, statistics and demography ; works on his language, literary doctrines and theatre ; on his influence in Italy and other countries ; on his sources and influence on leading European figures and on later cultural and political movements.
Un obstacle à la protection de la nature : le droit révolutionnaire
Authors: de Malafosse Jehan 
Published: June 2016

Jehan de Malafosse : An obstacle to the protection of nature : revolutionary law.
Here certain effects of the law and mentality of the French Revolution on the protection of nature are analysed. The concern to destroy aristocratic privelege opened public land to exploitation by all and led to the consideration of natural resources as a res nullius, the property of all. The economic motives everywhere dominant can equally be seen in the attitude towards hedging in private land. As for the right to hunt, extended to all property owners, it was limited not by a concern to protect wild life, but by the fear of according to everyone the right to bear arms, and above all by economic motives, by the need to protect crops.