bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision support for United States—Canada energy integration is impaired by fragmentary environmental and electricity system modeling capacity
Authors: Calder Ryan S D , Dimanchev Emil , Cohen Stuart , McManamay Ryan A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The renewable energy transition is leading to increased electricity trade between the United States and Canada, with Canadian hydropower providing firm lower-carbon power and buffering variability of wind and solar generation in the U.S. However, long-term power purchase agreements and transborder transmission projects are controversial, with two of four proposed transmission lines between Quebec, Canada and the northeast U.S. cancelled since 2018. Here, we argue that controversies are exacerbated by a lack of open-source data and tools to understand tradeoffs of new hydropower generation and transmission infrastructure in comparison to alternatives. This gap includes impacts that incremental transmission and generation projects have on the economics of the entire system, for example, how new transmission projects affect exports to existing markets or incentivize new generation. We identify priority areas for data synthesis and model development, such as integrating linked hydropower and hydrologic interactions in energy system models and openly releasing (by utilities) or back-calculating (by researchers) hydropower generation and operational parameters. Publicly available environmental (e.g. streamflow, precipitation) and techno-economic (e.g. costs, reservoir size,) data can be used to parameterize freely usable and extensible models. Existing models have been calibrated with operational data from Canadian utilities that are not publicly available, limiting the range of scientific and commercial questions these tools have been used to answer and the range of parties that have been involved. Studies conducted using highly resolved, national-scale public data exist in other countries, notably, the United States, and demonstrate how greater transparency and extensibility can drive industry action. Improved data availability in Canada could facilitate approaches that (1) increase participation in decarbonization planning by a broader range of actors; (2) allow independent characterizations of environmental, health, and economic outcomes of interest to the public; and (3) identify decarbonization pathways consistent with community values.
Alcohol consumption and frailty risk: a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Soltani Sepideh , Jayedi Ahmad , Ghoreishy Seyedmojtaba , Mousavirad Mahdieh , Movahed Samira , Jabbari Maedeh , Asoudeh Farzaneh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background/aims
While previous studies suggest that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the frailty risk, the dose–response relationship is still under question. To address the knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies to examine the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of both prefrailty and frailty in adults.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed and Scopus to identify relevant cohort studies published before 8 May 2024. The dose–response meta-analysis was performed to investigate the associations between alcohol drinking and the risk of developing pre-frailty and frailty. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% CIs.

Results
We included nine cohort studies with 64 769 participants and 15 075 cases, of which eight studies were rated to have a serious risk of bias as assessed by the ROBINS tool. Based on our analysis, each 12 g increase in alcohol intake did not appear to be associated with risks of prefrailty (RR: 1.08, 95% CI 0.89, 1.31; I2 = 91%, n = 3; GRADE = very low) and frailty (RR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.00; I2 = 63%, n = 9; GRADE = low). The nonlinear dose–response meta-analysis indicates a slight inverse association with frailty risk up to an alcohol intake of 20 grams per day, beyond which an upward trend is observed.

Conclusion
The inverse association found between moderate alcohol consumption and frailty risk appears to be stronger among older adults, which might be due to the lower and less popular alcohol consumption among older people than the general population. However, because this finding is based on low-quality evidence, more research is needed to develop specific dietary recommendations for alcohol consumption, particularly among young people.
Applying a Bayesian Spatiotemporal Model to Examine Excess County-Level Cardiovascular Disease Death Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vaughan Adam S , Quick Harrison , Beck Kara B , Woodruff Rebecca C , DeLara David , Casper Michele 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, national cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates increased, especially among younger adults. County-level variation has not been documented. Using county-level CVD deaths (ICD-10 codes: I00-I99) from the US National Vital Statistics System, we developed a Bayesian multivariate spatiotemporal model to estimate excess CVD death rates in 2020 based on trends from 2010-2019 for adults aged 35-64 and ≥65 years. Among adults aged 35-64 years, 64.7% of counties experienced significant excess CVD death rates. The median county-level CVD death rate in 2020 was 150 per 100,000 persons, which exceeded the predicted rate for 2020 (median excess death rate: 11 per 100,000; median excess rate ratio: 1.08). Among adults aged ≥65 years, 15.2% of counties experienced significant excess CVD death rates. The median county-level CVD death rate was 1,546 per 100,000 in 2020, which exceeded the predicted rate in 2020 (median excess death rate: 48 per 100,000, median excess rate ratio: 1.03). Counties with significant excess death rates in 2020 were geographically dispersed. In 2020, disruptions of county-level CVD death rates were widespread, especially among younger adults, suggesting the continued importance of CVD prevention and treatment in younger adults in communities across the country.
A Hypothesis-Free Approach to Identifying Potential Effects of Relative Age in School Year: an Instrumental Variable Phenome-Wide Association Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: de Lange Melanie A , Davies Neil M , Millard Louise A C , Tilling Kate 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A child’s relative age within their school year (‘relative age’) is associated with educational attainment and mental health. However, hypothesis driven studies often re-examine the same outcomes and exposure, potentially leading to confirmation and reporting biases, and missing unknown effects. Hypothesis-free outcome-wide analyses can potentially overcome these limitations. We conducted a hypothesis-free investigation of the effects of relative age within school year. We used an instrumental variable (IV)-pheWAS in the UK Biobank (participants aged 40-69 years at baseline), using the PHESANT software package. We created two IVs for relative age: being born in September vs. August (n=64 075) and week of birth (n=383 309). Outcomes passing the Bonferroni-corrected P value threshold for either instrument were plotted to identify a discontinuity at the school year transition. 13 traits associated with at least one of the instruments showed a discontinuity. Previously identified effects included those with a younger relative age being less likely to have educational qualifications and more likely to have started smoking at a younger age. We detected a few associations not explored by previous studies. For example, those with younger relative age had better lung function as adults. Hypothesis-free approaches could help address confirmation and reporting biases in epidemiology.
Reduced Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Household Contacts with Recent Vaccination and Past COVID-19 Infection: Results from Two Multi-Site Case-Ascertained Household Transmission Studies
Authors: Rolfes Melissa A , Talbot H Keipp , Morrissey Kerry Grace , Stockwell Melissa S , Maldonado Yvonne , McLean Huong Q , Lutrick Karen , Bowman Natalie M , Rao Suchitra , Izurieta Hector S , Zhu Yuwei , Chappell James , Battan-Wraith Steph , Merrill Lori S , McClaren Son , Sano Ellen , Petrie Joshua G , Biddle Jessica , Johnson Sheroi , Salvatore Philip , Smith-Jeffcoat Sarah E , Asturias Edwin J , Lin Jessica T , Ellingson Katherine D , Belongia Edward A , Olivo Vanessa , Mellis Alexandra M , Grijalva Carlos G ,   Respiratory Virus Transmission Network Study Group, Reed Carrie , Schmitz Jonathan , Hart Kimberly , Sarnquist Clea , Goodman Sara , Govindaranjan Prasanthi , Ledezma Karla , Pryor Kathleen , Bullock Ayla , Yang Amy , Haehnel Quenla , Reynolds Julienne , Murray Katherine , Moreno Miriana , Valdez de Romero Ana , Vargas Celibell 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Households are a primary setting for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We examined the role of prior SARS-CoV-2 immunity on the risk of infection in household close contacts. Households in the United States with an individual who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during September 2021–May 2023 were enrolled if the index case’s illness began ≤6 days prior. Household members had daily self-collected nasal swabs tested by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The effects of prior SARS-CoV-2 immunity (vaccination, prior infection, or hybrid immunity) on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among household contacts were assessed by robust, clustered multivariable Poisson regression. Of 1,532 contacts (905 households), 8% had immunity from prior infection alone, 51% from vaccination alone, 29% hybrid immunity, and 11% had no prior immunity. Sixty percent of contacts tested SARS-CoV-2-positive during follow-up. The adjusted risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was lowest among contacts with vaccination and prior infection (aRR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.93, compared with contacts with no prior immunity) and was lowest when the last immunizing event occurred ≤6 months before COVID-19 affected the household (aRR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.83). In high-transmission settings like households, immunity from COVID-19 vaccination and prior infection was synergistic in protecting household contacts from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Alcohol use disorder is associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality in type A aortic dissection repair: a population-based study of National Inpatient Sample from 2015–2020
Authors: Li Renxi , Huddleston Stephen J , Prastein Deyanira J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
While alcohol consumption is implicated in the development of aortic dissection, the impact of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on the outcomes of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair is still largely unexplored. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive, population-based analysis of effect of AUD on in-hospital outcomes following TAAD repair using National/Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer database in the United States.

Methods
Patients undergoing TAAD repair were identified in National/Nationwide Inpatient Sample from Q4 2015–2020. Demographics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, primary payer status, and transfer-in status between patients with and without AUD were matched by a 1:3 propensity-score matching. In-hospital outcomes were examined.

Results
There were 220 patients with AUD who underwent TAAD repair. Meanwhile, 4062 non-AUD patients went under TAAD repair, where 646 of them were matched to all AUD patients. After propensity-score matching, AUD patients had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (7.76% vs 13.31%, P = 0.03) while there was no difference in transfer-in status or time from admission to operation. However, patients with AUD had a higher rate of respiratory complications (27.40% vs 19.66%, P = 0.02) and a longer hospital length of stay (16.20 ± 11.61 vs 11.72 ± 1.69 days, P = 0.01). All other in-hospital outcomes were comparable between AUD and non-AUD patients.

Conclusion
AUD patients had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality but a higher rate of respiratory complications and a longer LOS. These findings can provide insights into preoperative risk stratification of these patients. Nonetheless, reasons underlying the lower mortality rate in AUD patients and their long-term prognosis require further investigation.
HuR/miR-124-3p/VDR complex bridges lipid metabolism and tumor development in colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Fengxing , Bu Luping , Li Mengting , Wang Youwei , Zhang Runan , Shao Yu , Lin Kun , Yang Hong , Zhao Qiu , Liu Lan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Maintaining a balanced lipid status to prevent lipotoxicity is of paramount importance in various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). HuR, an RNA-binding protein family member, exhibits high expression in many cancers possibly because it regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and lipid metabolism. However, the role of HuR in the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism in CRC remains unknown. We found that HuR promotes vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression to ensure lipid homeostasis by increasing triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in CRC, thus confirming the direct binding of an overexpressed HuR to the CDS and 3ʹ-UTR of Vdr, enhancing its expression. Concurrently, HuR can indirectly affect VDR expression by inhibiting miR-124-3p. HuR can suppress the expression of miR-124-3p, which binds to the 3ʹ-UTR of Vdr, thereby reducing VDR expression. Additionally, a xenograft model demonstrated that targeting HuR inhibits VDR expression, blocking TG and TC formation, and hence mitigating CRC growth. Our findings suggest a regulatory relationship among HuR, miR-124-3p, and VDR in CRC. We propose that the HuR/miR-124-3p/VDR complex governs lipid homeostasis by impacting TG and TC formation in CRC, offering a potential therapeutic target for CRC prevention and treatment.
198. IDENTIFYING THE OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAKS. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Murray William , Davey Matthew , Donlon Noel , Robb William 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
There is currently no consensus as to how best to manage esophageal anastomotic leaks. Intervention with Endoscopic Vacuum Assisted Closure (EVAC), stenting, reoperation, and conservative management have all been mooted as potential options. Consequently, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the optimal management strategy for esophageal anastomotic leaks.

Methods
A systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with extension for NMA. NMA was performed using R packages and Shiny.

Results
In total, 12 retrospective studies were included which included 511 patients. Of the 449 patients for whom data was available 371 (82.6%) were male, and 78 (17.4%) were female. The average age of patients was 62.6 years (Standard deviation (SD) 10.2). Overall, 94.5% of patients underwent initial esophagectomy for an underlying malignancy. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) reported was 25.9 kg/m2. The stenting cohort included 245 (47.9%) patients. The EVAC cohort included 123 (24.1%) patients. The conservative cohort included 87 (17.0%) patients. The re-operation cohort included 56 (10.9%) patients. EVAC had a significantly decreased complication rate compared to stenting (Odds ratio (OR) 0.23 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.58). EVAC had a significantly lower mortality rate than stenting (OR: 0.43, 95% CI 0.21; 0.87).
Re-operation was used in significantly larger leaks than stenting (mean difference (MD) 14.66; 95%CI 4.61 24.70). Re-operation was also associated with a significantly increased mortality rate (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.01-6.99.). Using stenting as a comparator, NMA failed to demonstrate a significant difference between interventions in terms of success rate. However, EVAC had the greatest difference in success rate (OR: 2.23, 95% CI 0.78-6.34).

Conclusion
The growing use of EVAC as a first-line intervention in esophageal anastomotic leaks should continue given its proven effectiveness and significant reduction in both complication and mortality rates. One aspect of EVT that was not examined in this study was the number of endoscopic interventions required. Sponge exchanges every 48 to 72 hours are necessary during EVT whereas stents may be left in place for 4-8 weeks. This may have significant implications for treatment choice in resource-limited settings and may have a profound impact on patient quality of life.
Surgical management is often necessary for significantly larger leaks. Reoperation in the case of anastomotic leak is often the intervention of choice in systemically unwell patients and those with uncontained leaks. It therefore stands to reason that mortality rates are elevated among this patient cohort and differences in outcome are unlikely to be attributable to the modality of intervention alone.
200. THE PENETRATION OF THE THYROID GLAND BY A FISH BONE: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Gokon Yusuke , Ohki Yusuke , Ogino Takahiro , Hatoyama Keiichiro , Shimizu Kenji , Kashiwadate Toshiaki , Katsura Kazunori , Abe Takayuki , Sato Koichiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Penetration of the thyroid gland by a fish bone is rare, and there is no literature describing a patient with hyperthyroidism at initial examination in whom the thyroid gland was penetrated by a fish bone.

Case presentation
A 51-year-old woman visited our hospital with left-sided neck pain. She had sensed a foreign body in her throat when eating a fish the previous day, but no abnormality was found by endoscopy. Blood examination revealed hyperthyroidism, and ultrasonography (US) revealed enlargement of the bilateral lobe with multiple adenomatous nodules and heterogeneous hypoechoic areas. The presumptive diagnosis was subacute thyroiditis, and treatment with prednisolone was initiated. Pain was reduced and tenderness moved to the right lobe. The phenomenon was diagnosed as creeping thyroiditis. However, computed tomography (CT) on day 4 demonstrated a linear hyperdense body in the left lobe. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was repeated and revealed a fissure at the cervical esophagus. Her condition was then diagnosed as penetration of a fish bone into the thyroid gland. She was treated conservatively with monitoring to observe the course. Inflammatory signs significantly improved, so she was discharged on day 15. Subsequent CT and US did not show the presence of the fish bone. After three years have passed since discharge, there has been no recurrence of symptoms.

Conclusions
Penetration of the thyroid gland by a fish bone could result in a clinical course resembling subacute thyroiditis. CT and careful endoscopic inspection should be performed for patients with hyperthyroidism if foreign body insertion is not ruled out from the medical history.
202. MULTI-ARRAY MIRNA APPROACH AND ASSOCIATED PROTEIN EXPRESSION PROFILING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREDICTIVE AND PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS IN ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Koch Oliver , Varga Martin , Mayr Christian , Winkelmann Paul , Neumayer Bettina , Klieser Eckhard , Holzinger Josef , Emmanuel Klaus , Neureiter Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) may develop metastases even in early stage (pT1) disease, but molecular bi-omarkers are lacking to guide therapeutic decisions regarding the type of treatment. Endoscopic submucosal dis-section (ESD) is an effective treatment of early esophageal adenocarcinomas. However, ESD only an option for patients without lymph node metastases. The aim of this study is to detect possible biomarkers with which one could estimate lymphatic metastasis.

Methods
A multi-array miRNA study with consecutive in silico analysis of dependent genes and in situ analysis of selected proteins was chosen to detect possible biomarkers. A retrospective analysis including twenty cases of EA of the distal esophagus/esophagogastric junction after ESD without or after esophagectomy with lymph node metastasis (each n=10) was performed. The DNA of the Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) material of these patients was analysed using an advanced miRNA Human Card (spotted with 754 unique microRNAs) with consecutive in silico gene regulation and immunohistochemical analysis of the associated proteins.

Result
The multi-array miRNA of the tumour sample with EA showed an upregulation of 25 and a downregulation of 20 microRNAs, with the highest differences for the miRNAs miR-100-5p, miR-501-3p and miR-576-5p (upregulation) and miR-150-3p, miR-190a-5p and miR-545-3p (downregulation). The in silico analysis of these mirRNAs revealed the downstream paired partners RDX-Rock2, DICER1-AGO2, YAF2-EZF6 and TET2-5HMC, which were significantly differentially expressed by in-situ immunohistochemical staining. Biologically relevant downstream gene and pro-tein targets, which were also significantly differentially expressed in-situ in relation to the tumour stage of EA could be found.

Conclusion
This molecular study provides evidence for a specific miRNA marker profile when comparing cases with localized and advanced EA. These preclinical experimental biomarker analyses may help to guide therapeutic decisions in cases with EA, although validation in a larger cohort of EA is necessary to draw firm conclusions.
203. THE NUMBER OF RESECTED LYMPH NODES FROM THE UPPER MEDIASTINAL AREA PREDICTS LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AFTER MIE
Authors: Koterazawa Yasufumi , Goto Hironobu , Sawada Ryuichiro , Harada Hitoshi , Urakawa Naoki , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kanaji Shingo , Yamashita Kimihiro , Koterazawa Takeru , Oshikiri Taro , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The total number of resected lymph nodes (LNs) is an important determinant of longer survival after esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, resected LN counts from which areas affect long-term outcomes remain unclear. Methods: This study comprised 406 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) at Kobe University Hospital. Resected LN counts were evaluated in the following areas: upper mediastinal (UM), middle mediastinal (MM), lower mediastinal (LM), and abdominal (Abd). Cut-off values for LN counts from each area were determined using receiver operating characteristics analysis to the survival status. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Results: The cut-off values for large or small numbers of resected LN counts in the UM, MM, LM, and Abd areas were 4, 8, 5, and 18 in patients with upper and middle thoracic (Ut/Mt) ESCC, respectively, and 7, 6, 5, and 24 in patients with lower thoracic (Lt) ESCC, respectively. Multivariate analysis in patients with Ut/Mt ESCC revealed that tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and the resected LN count from the UM area were independent risk factors for overall survival (hazard ratio = 7.04; 95% confidence interval = 4.47-11.1, hazard ratio = 4.01; 95% confidence interval = 1.96-8.21, hazard ratio = 2.18; 95% confidence interval = 1.24-3.82, respectively). In patients with Lt ESCC, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and pulmonary complication were independent risk factors for overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.23; 95% confidence interval = 2.14-8.35, hazard ratio = 3.83; 95% confidence interval = 1.75-8.38, hazard ratio = 2.80; 95% confidence interval = 1.38-5.65, respectively). Resected LN counts from no areas were prognostic factors. Conclusions: The number of resected LNs from the UM area influenced survival outcomes of patients with Ut/Mt ESCC after MIE.