bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of coastline‐intensive anthropogenic activities on the atmosphere from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in Dubai (2001–2014)
Authors: Elhacham Emily , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper illustrates the potential impact of large or the largest anthropogenic surface activities on the future of Earth's near‐surface climate due to constructions performed in Dubai within just about 14 years. Dubai's massive constructions in the outstanding form of both artificial islands and coastal urbanization areas during 2001–2014 are rated among the top global growth rates. While earlier studies in the Dubai area focused mainly either on the sea or the land impacts, here, we examine the atmospheric dynamic effects in an extended area including both land and sea. Temperature increases along with albedo decreases were observed in most recently urbanized areas, while the opposite occurred over the big artificial islands, all based on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data. Temperature changes in both land and sea are also associated through the coastal breezes with humidity and wind speed changes that are analyzed against several meteorological stations. Surface observations show humidity increases in all stations, while the wind speed changes are varying between the different stations.
Observation of continuous microseismic P waves in Asia
Authors: Sheen Dong‐Hoon , Shin Jin Soo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigate the characteristics of spectral peaks at a frequency of around 0.2 Hz in the double‐frequency microseismic band. During the Northern Hemisphere winter, these peaks are clearly and very persistently observed for several months at most seismic stations in Asia. Polarization analysis shows that this energy consistently propagates from a certain direction toward the Pacific Ocean. Using the rectilinearity and phase difference between the vertical and radial motions, we discriminate these peaks from typical Rayleigh wave microseisms that are locally generated and aperiodically continue for several days. A frequency‐wave number (FK) analysis of the seismic array indicated that the peaks propagated with velocities typical of mantle phases, which implies that these peaks are microseismic P waves. Backprojection of the FK results and triangulation of back azimuths from individual seismic stations in Asia showed that these microseismic P waves were probably generated near the northern center of the Pacific, which accords well with previous observations. This suggests that microseismic P waves generated in the North Pacific can be identified easily even at individual seismic stations in interior continental Asia. Therefore, these stations will provide more information for characterizing global storm behavior.
Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA
Authors: DuRoss Christopher B. , Personius Stephen F. , Crone Anthony J. , Olig Susan S. , Hylland Michael D. , Lund William R. , Schwartz David P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and fault segmentation. For the youngest (<3 ka) and best‐constrained earthquakes, differences in earthquake timing across prominent primary segment boundaries, especially for the most recent earthquakes on the north‐central WFZ, are consistent with segment‐controlled ruptures. However, broadly constrained earthquake times, dissimilar event times along the segments, the presence of smaller‐scale (subsegment) boundaries, and areas of complex faulting permit partial‐segment and multisegment (e.g., spillover) ruptures that are shorter (~20–40 km) or longer (~60–100 km) than the primary segment lengths (35–59 km). We report a segmented WFZ model that includes 24 earthquakes since ~7 ka and yields mean estimates of recurrence (1.1–1.3 kyr) and vertical slip rate (1.3–2.0 mm/yr) for the segments. However, additional rupture scenarios that include segment boundary spatial uncertainties, floating earthquakes, and multisegment ruptures are necessary to fully address epistemic uncertainties in rupture length. We compare the central WFZ to paleoseismic and historical surface ruptures in the Basin and Range Province and central Italian Apennines and conclude that displacement profiles have limited value for assessing the persistence of segment boundaries but can aid in interpreting prehistoric spillover ruptures. Our comparison also suggests that the probabilities of shorter and longer ruptures on the WFZ need to be investigated.
Dual nitrate isotopes clarify the role of biological processing and hydrologic flow paths on nitrogen cycling in subtropical low‐gradient watersheds
Authors: Griffiths Natalie A. , Jackson C. Rhett , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Klaus Julian , Du Enhao , Bitew Menberu M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient as it often limits productivity but in excess can impair water quality. Most studies on watershed N cycling have occurred in upland forested catchments where snowmelt dominates N export; fewer studies have focused on low‐relief watersheds that lack snow. We examined watershed N cycling in three adjacent, low‐relief watersheds in the Upper Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States to better understand the role of hydrological flow paths and biological transformations of N at the watershed scale. Groundwater was the dominant source of nitrified N to stream water in two of the three watersheds, while atmospheric deposition comprised 28% of stream water nitrate in one watershed. The greater atmospheric contribution may have been due to the larger stream channel area relative to total watershed area or the dominance of shallow subsurface flow paths contributing to stream flow in this watershed. There was a positive relationship between temperature and stream water ammonium concentrations and a negative relationship between temperature and stream water nitrate concentrations in each watershed suggesting that N cycling processes (i.e., nitrification and denitrification) varied seasonally. However, there were no clear patterns in the importance of denitrification in different water pools possibly because a variety of factors (i.e., assimilatory uptake, dissimilatory uptake, and mixing) affected nitrate concentrations. Together, these results highlight the hydrological and biological controls on N cycling in low‐gradient watersheds and variability in N delivery flow paths among adjacent watersheds with similar physical characteristics.
Accurate and efficient prediction of fine‐resolution hydrologic and carbon dynamic simulations from coarse‐resolution models
Authors: Pau George Shu Heng , Shen Chaopeng , Riley William J. , Liu Yaning 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe topography, and the biotic and abiotic parameters are typically upscaled to make watershed‐scale hydrologic‐biogeochemical models computationally tractable. However, upscaling procedure can produce biases when nonlinear interactions between different processes are not fully captured at coarse resolutions. Here we applied the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Mapping Method (PODMM) to downscale the field solutions from a coarse (7 km) resolution grid to a fine (220 m) resolution grid. PODMM trains a reduced‐order model (ROM) with coarse‐resolution and fine‐resolution solutions, here obtained using PAWS+CLM, a quasi‐3‐D watershed processes model that has been validated for many temperate watersheds. Subsequent fine‐resolution solutions were approximated based only on coarse‐resolution solutions and the ROM. The approximation errors were efficiently quantified using an error estimator. By jointly estimating correlated variables and temporally varying the ROM parameters, we further reduced the approximation errors by up to 20%. We also improved the method's robustness by constructing multiple ROMs using different set of variables, and selecting the best approximation based on the error estimator. The ROMs produced accurate downscaling of soil moisture, latent heat flux, and net primary production with O(1000) reduction in computational cost. The subgrid distributions were also nearly indistinguishable from the ones obtained using the fine‐resolution model. Compared to coarse‐resolution solutions, biases in upscaled ROM solutions were reduced by up to 80%. This method has the potential to help address the long‐standing spatial scaling problem in hydrology and enable long‐time integration, parameter estimation, and stochastic uncertainty analysis while accurately representing the heterogeneities.
Intoxicated Witnesses: Testing the Validity of the Alcohol Myopia Theory
Authors: Crossland Deborah , Kneller Wendy , Wilcock Rachel 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn an assessment of the Alcohol Myopia Theory (AMT), the effects of alcohol on an eyewitness's recall of high‐salience and low‐salience details were investigated. In a laboratory, Study 1 participants watched a staged videoed theft whilst either sober (control or placebo), above (MBAC = 0.09%) or below (MBAC = 0.06%) the UK drink‐drive limit. A week later, a free recall and recognition tests were completed. Intoxication was not found to reduce recall accuracy using either recall task. In Study 2, whilst on a night out, participants watched the videoed theft with high (MBAC = 0.14%) or low (MBAC = 0.05%) blood alcohol concentrations (BACs). A week later, the free recall and recognition tests were attempted. High BACs were seen to impair recall when memory was assessed through free recall but not with the recognition test. Neither study found the attention narrowing predicted by AMT using either recall technique, although poor recall for low‐salience details in all groups may have contributed to this result. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of severe refractory epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia using a two‐flap nasal closure method
Authors: Timmins Benjamin H. , Hunter Benjamin N. , Wilson Kevin F. , Ward P. Daniel 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundNasal closure has been shown to effectively manage severe epistaxis refractory to other treatments in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The nasal closure procedure may be underutilized because of its surgical complexity and flap breakdown.MethodsThis work is a retrospective review of 13 HHT patients treated for severe epistaxis with nasal closure between 2005 and 2013. Operating room (OR) time, need for revision surgery, preprocedure, and postprocedure epistaxis severity score (ESS), complete blood count values, and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire results were collected for each patient. The technique is described. We characterize a typical nasal closure patient and compare outcomes based on our experience with the traditional 3‐flap closure and a simplified 2‐flap nasal closure procedure.ResultsThe average candidate for nasal closure in this series had an ESS of 7.88, hemoglobin (Hgb) of 8.3 g/dL, and received multiple transfusions, iron therapy, and cautery/coagulation procedures. Average ESS subsequent to nasal closure using the 2‐flap method is 0.92 and mean GBI score is 56.3. Comparison of 5 patients who underwent the traditional 3‐flap nasal closure procedure and 8 patients receiving the 2‐flap nasal closure showed no significant difference in postoperative ESS or GBI metrics. Mean operating room times of the traditional and simplified methods were 3.12 hours and 1.44 hours (p = 0.0001). Mean time to first revision for 8 nasal closure patients was 21.5 months.ConclusionIn short‐term follow‐up, the 2‐flap procedure showed comparable effectiveness with significantly reduced complexity and operative time compared to the traditional nasal closure method.
Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Do Not Induce DNA Damage in Human Lens Epithelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: Zhu Kan , Lv Ye , Cheng Qian , Hua Jianing , Zeng Qunli 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTNon‐ionizing radiations, e.g., radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, could induce DNA damage and oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) which can be early events in cataractogenesis. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF) as another common form of man‐made electromagnetic fields has been considered as suspected human carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and become a focus that people play more and more attentions to. This study aimed to determine whether ELF MF can induce DNA damage in cultured human LECs at a relatively low intensity. Human LECs were exposed or sham‐exposed to a 50 Hz ELF MF which produced by a well‐designed exposure system at the intensity of 0.4 mT. DNA damage in human LECs was examined by the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci formation assay and further explored with western blot, flow cytometry, and alkaline comet assay. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that 0.4 mT ELF MF did not significantly increase γH2AX foci formation in human LECs after 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hr exposure. No significant differences had been detected in γH2AX expression level between the ELF MF‐ and sham‐exposure groups, while no obvious chromosomal DNA fragmentation was detected by alkaline comet assay after ELF MF exposure. The results indicate an absence of genotoxicity in ELF MF‐exposed human epithelial cells and do not support the hypothesis that environmental ELF MF might be causally led to genomic instability via chromosomal damage response processes. Neither short nor long term continuous exposure to 50 Hz ELF MF at 0.4 mT could induce DNA damage in human lens epithelial cells in vitro. Anat Rec, 299:688–697, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unknown Input Fault Detection and Isolation Observer Design for Neutral Systems
Authors: Elhsoumi Aicha , Hadj Ali Saloua Bel , Harabi Rafika El , Abdelkrim Mohamed Naceur 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with actuator fault diagnosis of neutral delayed systems with multiple time delays using an unknown input observer. The main purpose is to design an observer that guarantees the asymptotic stability of the estimate error dynamics and the actuator fault detection. The existence conditions for such an observer are established. The main problem studied in this paper aims at designing observer‐based fault detection and isolation. The designed observer enhances the robust diagnosis performance, including rapidity and accuracy, and generates residuals that enjoy perfect decoupling properties among faults. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the design of the observer is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities, and the diagnosis scheme is based on a bank of unknown input observers for residual generation that guarantees fault detection and isolation in the presence of external disturbances. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Molecular dynamics characterization of the conformational landscape of small peptides: A series of hands‐on collaborative practical sessions for undergraduate students
Authors: Rodrigues João P.G.L.M. , Melquiond Adrien S.J. , Bonvin Alexandre M.J.J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMolecular modelling and simulations are nowadays an integral part of research in areas ranging from physics to chemistry to structural biology, as well as pharmaceutical drug design. This popularity is due to the development of high‐performance hardware and of accurate and efficient molecular mechanics algorithms by the scientific community. These improvements are also benefitting scientific education. Molecular simulations, their underlying theory, and their applications are particularly difficult to grasp for undergraduate students. Having hands‐on experience with the methods contributes to a better understanding and solidification of the concepts taught during the lectures. To this end, we have created a computer practical class, which has been running for the past five years, composed of several sessions where students characterize the conformational landscape of small peptides using molecular dynamics simulations in order to gain insights on their binding to protein receptors. In this report, we detail the ingredients and recipe necessary to establish and carry out this practical, as well as some of the questions posed to the students and their expected results. Further, we cite some examples of the students' written reports, provide statistics, and share their feedbacks on the structure and execution of the sessions. These sessions were implemented alongside a theoretical molecular modelling course but have also been used successfully as a standalone tutorial during specialized workshops. The availability of the material on our web page also facilitates this integration and dissemination and lends strength to the thesis of open‐source science and education. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:160–167, 2016.
Multisystem toxicity after methamphetamine use
Authors: Gurel Ali 
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical MessageMethamphetamine (MA) may cause hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and neurotoxicity separately or together. We report a patient admitted with muscle weakness, pain, and oliguria 1 week after MA use; requiring repeated hemodialysis (HD). Multisystem toxicity may develop as a result of MA use and appropriate treatment may be life saving.
Making a Long Journey Short: Alkyne Functionalization of Natural Product Scaffolds
Authors: Lehmann Johannes , Wright Megan H. , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBiological selection makes natural products promising scaffolds for drug development and the ever growing number of newly identified, structurally diverse molecules helps to fill the gaps in chemical space. Elucidating the function of a small molecule, such as identifying its protein binding partners, its on‐ and off‐targets, is becoming increasingly important. Activity‐ and affinity‐based protein profiling are modern strategies to acquire such molecular‐level information. Introduction of a molecular handle (azide, alkyne, biotin) can shed light on the mode of action of small molecules. This Concept article covers central points on synthetic methodology for integrating a terminal alkyne into a molecule of interest.
Impact of vision loss among survivors of childhood central nervous system astroglial tumors
Authors: de Blank Peter M. K. , Fisher Michael J. , Lu Lu , Leisenring Wendy M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Sklar Charles A. , Stovall Marilyn , Vukadinovich Chris , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUNDThe impact of impaired vision on cognitive and psychosocial outcomes among long‐term survivors of childhood low‐grade gliomas has not been investigated previously but could inform therapeutic decision making.METHODSData from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were used to investigate psychological outcomes (measures of cognitive/emotional function) and socioeconomic outcomes (education, income, employment, marital status, and independent living) among astroglial tumor survivors grouped by 1) vision without impairment, 2) vision with impairment (including unilateral blindness, visual field deficits, and amblyopia), or 3) bilateral blindness. The effect of vision status on outcomes was examined with multivariate logistic regression with adjustments for age, sex, cranial radiation therapy, and medical comorbidities.RESULTSAmong 1233 survivors of childhood astroglial tumors 5 or more years after their diagnosis, 277 (22.5%) had visual impairment. In a multivariate analysis, survivors with bilateral blindness were more likely to be unmarried (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5‐15.0), live with a caregiver (adjusted OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3‐7.5), and be unemployed (adjusted OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1‐4.5) in comparison with those without visual impairment. Bilateral blindness had no measurable effect on cognitive or emotional outcomes, and vision with impairment was not significantly associated with any psychological or socioeconomic outcomes.CONCLUSIONSAdult survivors of childhood astroglial tumors with bilateral blindness were more likely to live unmarried and dependently and to be unemployed. Survivors with visual impairment but some remaining vision did not differ significantly with respect to psychological function and socioeconomic status from those without visual impairment. Cancer 2016;122:730–739. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Recoloring textile fabric images based on improved fuzzy clustering
Authors: Zou Zhe , Shen Hui‐Liang , Du Xin , Shao Sijie , Xin John H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article proposes a new recoloring method for textile fabric images based on improved fuzzy local information c‐means (FLICM) clustering. In the clustering algorithm, the fuzzy factor was modified so that it can produce reliable segmentation in areas with rich details. With the obtained cluster labels and pixel‐wise memberships, the color of each pixel is modeled as the linear combination of the two most dominant colors. The recoloring process was then conducted by replacing the specified dominant color with user‐provided target colors. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can produce natural and faithful color appearance on both printed and yarn‐dyed fabric images, and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 115–123, 2017
Macrocycle‐Based Hydroxamate Ligands for Complexation and Immunoconjugation of 89Zirconium for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging
Authors: Boros Eszter , Holland Jason P. , Kenton Nathaniel , Rotile Nicholas , Caravan Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFour novel chelators (L1–L4) and their 89zirconium complexes were prepared and compared with the 89zirconium desferrioxamine B (DFO) complex. The new chelates are based on 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) and 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) scaffolds and present either three or four hydroxamate arms for coordination with Zr4+ ions with coordination numbers between six and eight. The 89Zr–L4 complex showed similar stability to that of 89Zr–DFO when incubated in either rat blood plasma or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid challenge experiments. Positron imaging and biodistribution studies in mice showed that 89Zr–L4 had similar pharmacokinetic behavior to that of 89Zr–DFO, with rapid renal elimination and low residual activity in background tissues. A bifunctional version of L4 (L5) was synthesized and conjugated to trastuzumab; an anti‐HER2/neu antibody. Immunopositron emission tomography imaging and biodistribution with 89Zr–L5–trastuzumab revealed high tumor to background ratios (tumor/blood ratio: 14.2±2.25) and a high tumor specificity that was comparable to the performance of 89Zr–DFO–trastuzumab.