bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome P450 CYP6DA2 regulated by cap ‘n’collar isoform C (CncC) is associated with gossypol tolerance in Aphis gossypii Glover
Authors: Peng T. , Pan Y. , Gao X. , Xi J. , Zhang L. , Yang C. , Bi R. , Yang S. , Xin X. , Shang Q. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCotton plants accumulate phytotoxins, such as gossypol and related sesquiterpene aldehydes, to resist insect herbivores. The survival of insects exposed to toxic secondary metabolites depends on the detoxification metabolism mediated by limited groups of cytochrome P450. Gossypol has an antibiotic effect on Aphis gossypii, and as the concentrations of gossypol were increased in the present study, the mortality of cotton aphids increased from 4 to 28%. The fecundity of the cotton aphids exposed to gossypol was also significantly reduced compared with the control. The transcriptional levels of CYP6DA2 in cotton aphids were significantly induced when exposed to gossypol, and knockdown of the CYP6DA2 transcripts by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly increased the toxicity of gossypol to cotton aphids. To further understand the gossypol regulatory cascade, the 5'‐flanking promoter sequences of CYP6DA2 were isolated with a genome walker, and the promoter was very active and was inducible by gossypol. Co‐transfection of the cap ‘n’ collar isoform C (CncC) and CYP6DA2 promoters dramatically increased the expression of CYP6DA2, and suppression of the CncC transcripts by RNAi significantly decreased the expression levels of CYP6DA2, and significantly increased the toxicity of gossypol to cotton aphids. Thus, the transcriptional regulation of CYP6DA2 involved the transcriptional factor CncC.
Variation of Band Gap and Lattice Parameters of β−(AlxGa1−x)2O3 Powder Produced by Solution Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Krueger Benjamin W. , Dandeneau Christopher S. , Nelson Evan M. , Dunham Scott T. , Ohuchi Fumio S. , Olmstead Marjorie A. 
Published: March 2016

Single‐phase monoclinic aluminum–gallium oxide powders, β−(AlxGa1−x)2O3, have been produced by solution combustion synthesis for Al fraction 0 ≤ x < 0.8. α−(AlxGa1−x)2O3 is observed for x = 1, with mixed α + β for x = 0.8. The contraction in lattice parameters and increase in band gap with increasing Al concentration were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively, and are compared with a first‐principles density‐functional theory calculation. A novel filtering procedure is described to reduce the uncertainty involved in measuring band gap using photoemission, and to remove asymmetry in XPS line shapes caused by differential charging of loose powder. The lattice parameters vary linearly with Al fraction, but exhibit a change in slope at x = 0.5 that is attributed to the difference between aluminum occupying tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the monoclinic lattice. The band gap changes linearly with local stoichiometry, including increasing when aluminum content at the surface is enriched relative to the interior, with a range of over 1.8 eV.
Exploring resilience in nursing and midwifery students: a literature review
Authors: McGowan Jennifer E. , Murray Karen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the concepts of ‘resilience’ and ‘hardiness’ in nursing and midwifery students in educational settings and to identify educational interventions to promote resilience.BackgroundResilience in healthcare professionals has gained increasing attention globally, yet to date resilience and resilience education in nursing and midwifery students remain largely under‐researched.DesignAn integrative literature review was planned, however, only quantitative evidence was identified therefore, a review of quantitative studies was undertaken using a systematic approach.Data sourcesA comprehensive search was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Maternity and Infant Care databases January 1980–February 2015.Review methodsData were extracted using a specifically designed form and quality assessed using an appropriate checklist. A narrative summary of findings and statistical outcomes was undertaken.ResultsEight quantitative studies were included. Research relating to resilience and resilience education in nursing and midwifery students is sparse. There is a weak evidence that resilience and hardiness is associated with slightly improved academic performance and decreased burnout. However, studies were heterogeneous in design and limited by poor methodological quality. No study specifically considered student midwives.ConclusionA greater understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of resilience in nursing and midwifery students is essential for the development of educational resources. It is imperative that future research considers both nursing and midwifery training cohorts and should be of strong methodological quality.
Evaluating the impact of a quality care‐metric on public health nursing practice: protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: Giltenane Martina , Frazer Kate , Sheridan Ann 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo establish, implement and evaluate the impact of a quality care‐metric developed to measure public health nursing practice.BackgroundMeasurement of care practices plays an integral role in quality improvement and promotes positive change in healthcare delivery. Quality care‐metrics has been identified as a means of effectively measuring public health nursing practice. Public health nurses in Ireland are ‘all‐purpose’ generalist community‐based nurses caring for people across the lifespan, in defined geographical areas, employed by the Health Service Executive. In the public health nurse's child and maternal health role, the ‘primary visit’ (postnatal visit) has been identified as the most important contact a public health nurse has with a mother and her new baby.DesignMixed methods using a sequential multiphase design.MethodsThis study involves three phases. The first phase will include focus group and individual interviews with key healthcare professionals and new mothers, using purposively chosen sampling. Thematic analysis of data will identify key components for the development of a quality care‐metric. Phase two will be a RAND appropriateness survey with a panel of experts, to develop and validate the quality care‐metric. The third phase will involve implementation and evaluation of the quality care‐metric. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be completed using SPSS version 21. Funding for this research study was approved in December 2013.ConclusionThis study will evaluate the impact of introducing a quality care‐metric into public health nursing practice. Results will illuminate the quality of public health nursing practice in relation to the primary visit.
ETFAD/EADV Eczema task force 2015 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult and paediatric patients
Authors: Wollenberg A. , Oranje A. , Deleuran M. , Simon D. , Szalai Z. , Kunz B. , Svensson A. , Barbarot S. , von Kobyletzki L. , Taieb A. , de Bruin‐Weller M. , Werfel T. , Trzeciak M. , Vestergard C. , Ring J. , Darsow U. ,   the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis/EADV Eczema Task Force
Published: March 2016

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a clinically defined, highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease of children and adults. The diagnosis is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Disease activity is best measured with a composite score assessing both objective signs and subjective symptoms, such as SCORAD. The management of AD must consider the clinical and pathogenic variabilities of the disease and also target flare prevention. Basic therapy includes hydrating topical treatment, as well as avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti‐inflammatory treatment of visible skin lesions is based on topical glucocorticosteroids and the topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are preferred in sensitive locations. Tacrolimus and mid‐potent steroids are proven for proactive therapy, which is long‐term intermittent anti‐inflammatory therapy of the frequently relapsing skin areas. Systemic anti‐inflammatory or immunosuppressive treatment is indicated for severe refractory cases. Biologicals targeting key mechanisms of the atopic immune response are promising emerging treatment options. Microbial colonization and superinfection may induce disease exacerbation and can justify additional antimicrobial treatment. Systemic antihistamines (H1R‐blockers) may diminish pruritus, but do not have sufficient effect on lesions. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation, preferably UVA1 or narrow‐band UVB 311 nm. Dietary recommendations should be patient specific and elimination diets should only be advised in case of proven food allergy. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy to aeroallergens may be useful in selected cases. Psychosomatic counselling is recommended to address stress‐induced exacerbations. ‘Eczema school’ educational programmes have been proven to be helpful for children and adults.
Pharmacokinetic profile of methotrexate in psoriatic skin via the oral or subcutaneous route using dermal microdialysis showing higher methotrexate bioavailability in psoriasis plaques than in non‐lesional skin
Authors: Quist S.R. , Quist J. , Birkenmaier J. , Stauch T. , Gollnick H.P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this pilot study was to use microdialysis to evaluate levels of Methotrexate (MTX) directly in psoriatic skin following oral or subcutaneous administration of MTX to elaborate a complete pharmacokinetic profile within the dermal skin.MethodsSix patients with chronic plaque psoriasis on the arm undergoing treatment with MTX were included in a mono‐centre clinical trial. Patients were under treatment with p.o. or s.c. MTX (7.5 and 15 mg) for at least 3 months. Interstitial fluid was collected ex vivo via dermal microdialysis from lesional or non‐lesional skin and via intravenous microdialysis as well as blood serum every hour up to 10 h after methotrexate administration every hour. MTX was analysed via liquid chromatography.ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC) of methotrexate from peripheral blood was up to four times higher than from microdiaylsis, which detection of free unbound MTX. The AUC from dialysates in psoriatic lesional skin was higher than in non‐lesional psoriatic skin, and the AUC levels from i.v. microdialysis were non‐significantly higher than those from lesional psoriatic skin. Pharmacokinetic profiles were individually quite different and did not primarily depend on the dose or the means (p.o. vs. s.c.) in which it was administered.ConclusionDermal microdialysis is a valid tool to evaluate levels of methotrexate in the skin of psoriasis patients. Drug levels and bioavailability of methotrexate were higher in lesional than non‐lesional psoriatic skin. The individual AUC of MTX was not primarily dependent on the route or dose of administration.
Comparative Metabolism of Free‐living Bodo saltans and Parasitic Trypanosomatids
Authors: Opperdoes Fred R. , Butenko Anzhelika , Flegontov Pavel , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Lukeš Julius 
Published: March 2016

AbstractComparison of the genomes of free‐living Bodo saltans and those of parasitic trypanosomatids reveals that the transition from a free‐living to a parasitic life style has resulted in the loss of approximately 50% of protein‐coding genes. Despite this dramatic reduction in genome size, B. saltans and trypanosomatids still share a significant number of common metabolic traits: glycosomes; a unique set of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway genes; an ATP‐PFK which is homologous to the bacterial PPi‐PFKs rather than to the canonical eukaryotic ATP‐PFKs; an alternative oxidase; three phosphoglycerate kinases and two GAPDH isoenzymes; a pyruvate kinase regulated by fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate; trypanothione as a substitute for glutathione; synthesis of fatty acids via a unique set of elongase enzymes; and a mitochondrial acetate:succinate coenzyme A transferase. B. saltans has lost the capacity to synthesize ubiquinone. Among genes that are present in B. saltans and lost in all trypanosomatids are those involved in the degradation of mureine, tryptophan and lysine. Novel acquisitions of trypanosomatids are components of pentose sugar metabolism, pteridine reductase and bromodomain‐factor proteins. In addition, only the subfamily Leishmaniinae has acquired a gene for catalase and the capacity to convert diaminopimelic acid to lysine.
Antipsychotic Medication for Prevention and Treatment of Delirium in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Neufeld Karin J. , Yue Jirong , Robinson Thomas N. , Inouye Sharon K. , Needham Dale M. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications in preventing and treating delirium.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SettingPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from January 1, 1988, to November 26, 2013.ParticipantsAdult surgical and medical inpatients.InterventionAntipsychotic administration for delirium prevention or treatment in randomized controlled trials or cohort studies.MeasurementsTwo authors independently reviewed all citations, extracted relevant data, and assessed studies for potential bias. Heterogeneity was considered as chi‐square P < .1 or I2 > 50%. Using a random‐effects model (I2 > 50%) or a fixed‐effects model (I2 < 50%), odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes (delirium incidence and mortality), and mean or standardized mean difference for continuous outcomes (delirium duration, severity, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS)). Sensitivity analyses included postoperative prevention studies only, exclusion of studies with high risk of bias, and typical versus atypical antipsychotics.ResultsScreening of 10,877 eligible records identified 19 studies. In seven studies comparing antipsychotics with placebo or no treatment for delirium prevention after surgery, there was no significant effect on delirium incidence (OR = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23–1.34, I2 = 93%). Using data reported from all 19 studies, antipsychotic use was not associated with change in delirium duration, severity, or hospital or ICU LOS, with high heterogeneity among studies. No association with mortality was detected (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.62–1.29, I2 = 0%).ConclusionCurrent evidence does not support the use of antipsychotics for prevention or treatment of delirium. Additional methodologically rigorous studies using standardized outcome measures are needed.
Like the Chameleon Who Takes on the Colors of the Hills: Indigeneity as Patrimony and Performance in Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Smith Kimbra 
Published: March 2016

ResumenDentro de los discursos ecuatorianos sobre la etnicidad, la indigeneidad puede representar una forma valiosa de patrimonio cultural. Sin embargo, no todas las indigeneidades son igualmente visibles. Los discursos coloniales, estatales, y turísticos representan la costa central del Ecuador como una región constituida por zonas urbanas de mestizaje, y paisajes rurales habitadas por cholos pescadores o montubios. El acceso a, y la visibilidad dentro de, la jerarquía étnica nacional se niegan a ambos grupos rurales; su identidad étnico se percibe como inscrito en sus cuerpos laborantes y no heredado a través de una cultura milenaria ‘auténtica’. Es decir, su patrimonio cultural no se imagina—no es simbólicamente disponible—para permitirlos ser percibidos como incorporaciones apropiadas de una práctica [praxis] indígena. Dadas estas limitaciones discursivas, propongo que la comunidad de Agua Blanca ha desarrollado estrategias prácticas que a la vez involucran y desafían ideas externas de lo que constituye el patrimonio cultural, permitiéndoles de esa manera una mayor fluidez al autoidentificarse. [autenticidad, deriva interpretativa, Ecuador, espectáculo, indigeneidad, patrimonio, teoría de la práctica]
Uterine cervical adenocarcinoma metastasizing concurrently to eutopic and ectopic ovaries: A case report
Authors: Kiuchi Kaori , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Nagai Tatsuko , Watanabe Mariko , Kosaka Nobuaki , Machida Hiromi , Imai Yasuo , Fukasawa Ichio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEctopic ovary, a designation that includes supernumerary ovaries and accessory ovaries, is a rare gonadal anomaly. We encountered a patient with a metastasis to such an anomaly and herein provide a review of the published work. A 43‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with stage IIb cervical adenocarcinoma with suspicion for a right ovarian malignancy. She underwent laparotomy after completing three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intraoperative inspection revealed two normal ovaries, but an ovary‐like structure was identified attached to the fimbriae of the left fallopian tube. A cystic tumor, 12 cm in diameter, developed from this structure, which was not connected to the infundibulopelvic ligament. The mass was pulled and elevated into the right pelvis by omental adhesions. Pathological examination revealed uterine cervical endometrioid adenocarcinoma with deep stromal invasion, vaginal invasion, and pelvic lymph‐node metastases. Both the left eutopic ovary and the ovary‐like structure contained endometrioid adenocarcinoma metastases. The ovary‐like structure contained spindle‐shaped theca cells, which were positive for inhibin α; therefore, this structure was defined as ovarian tissue. The final diagnosis was well‐differentiated uterine cervical endometrioid adenocarcinoma with metastases to the pelvic lymph nodes and to the left eutopic and ectopic ovaries (pT2a2N1M0). To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous descriptions in the English‐language published work of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma metastasizing concurrently to unilateral eutopic and ectopic ovaries. © 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal and placental risk factors for light‐for‐gestational‐age births
Authors: Aoyama Keiko , Endo Toshiaki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Izumi Hisako , Asakura Sumiyo , Mori Mitsuru 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to investigate risk factors for births of light‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants.MethodsA survey was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sapporo Medical University Hospital in Sapporo, Japan from 2013 to 2014. LGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) are defined as having a birthweight below the 10th percentile and between the 10th percentile and 90th percentile for gestational age at birth in the population standard of gestational age, sex, and parity, respectively. An odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for LGA were calculated by analysis using the logistic regression model.ResultsIn total, 307 inpatients (94.2%) participated in the study out of 326 consecutive post‐partum inpatients. Among them, 37 infants and 237 infants were classified into the LGA and AGA groups, respectively. As a result of multivariable analysis, prevalence of gestational hypertension (OR = 8.96, 95%CI 1.81–44.35) and the presence of placental infarction (OR = 9.65, 95%CI 1.76–53.01) were significantly associated with an increased risk of LGA. Placentas weighing 510–603 g and ≥604 g were significantly associated with reduced risk of LGA (OR = 0.04, 95%CI 0.01–0.29 and OR = 0.03, 95%CI 0.01–0.32, respectively), and higher placental weights were significantly observed in the trend for reduced LGA risk (P for trend < 0.001).ConclusionWe found that the prevalence of gestational hypertension, lower placental weight, and the presence of placental infarctions were all independently associated with the risk of LGA. Placental abnormalities may be etiologically important for LGA risk, though further research is necessary.
Dental and skeletal effects of palatal expansion techniques: a systematic review of the current evidence from systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Bucci R. , D'Antò V. , Rongo R. , Valletta R. , Martina R. , Michelotti A. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe aim was to assess the quality and to summarise the findings of the Systematic Reviews (SRs) and Meta‐Analyses (MAs) on the dental and skeletal effects of maxillary expansion. Electronic and manual searches have been independently conducted by two investigators, up to February 2015. SRs and MAs on the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects of fixed expanders were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews). The design of the primary studies included in each SR/MA was assessed with the LRD (Level of Research Design scoring). The evidence for each outcome was rated applying a pre‐determined scale. Twelve SRs/MAs were included. The AMSTAR scores ranged from 4 to 10. Two SRs/MAs included only RCTs. The current findings from SRs/MAs support with high evidence a significant increase in the short‐term of maxillary dentoalveolar transversal dimensions after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). The same effect is reported with moderate evidence after Slow Maxillary Expansion (SME). However, there is moderate evidence of a non‐significant difference between the two expansion modalities concerning the short‐term dentoalveolar effects. With both RME and SME, significant increase of skeletal transversal dimension in the short‐term is reported, and the skeletal expansion is always smaller than the dentoalveolar. Even though dental relapse to some extent is present, long‐term results of the dentoalveolar effects show an increase of the transversal dimension, supported by moderate evidence for RME and low evidence for SME. Skeletal long‐term effects are reported only with RME, supported by very low evidence.
Comparative study of indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the Tzanck smear test for the diagnosis of pemphigus
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Fang Siyue , Li Chunlei , Hua Hong 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundPemphigus is one of the potentially fatal autoimmune blistering diseases. An early and accurate diagnosis is important for prognosis and therapy. It may be difficult to diagnosis based on clinical grounds alone. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, the Tzanck smear test, or histopathology are all available for the diagnosis of pemphigus. However, there are no generally accepted diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of this condition at present.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the Tzanck smear test for the diagnosis of pemphigus in dental clinics.MethodsA single‐center retrospective study was conducted, and the clinical data of 33 patients with pemphigus and 61 controls were collected and analyzed from the Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School of Stomatology, during 2010–2014. The sensitivities and specificities of indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the Tzanck smear test were calculated and compared in two groups.ResultsSensitivities for the Tzanck smear test, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were 96.7%, 84.8%, and 84.8%, respectively, whereas the specificities of these tests were 60%, 91.8%, and 96.7%, respectively. The serial tests for the Tzanck smear test and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed 82% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity.ConclusionsThe serial test for the Tzanck smear test and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay may represent a simple, rapid, and reliable way to definitive diagnosis of pemphigus. It is recommended as a common test for the diagnosis of pemphigus in dental clinics.