bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using hydrochemical, stable isotope, and river water recharge data to identify groundwater flow paths in a deeply buried karst system
Authors: Qin Dajun , Zhao Zhanfeng , Guo Yi , Liu Wencai , Haji Muhammed , Wang Xiaohong , Xin Baodong , Li Yu , Yang Yong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe deeply buried river‐connected Xishan karst aquifer (XKA) in western Beijing, China, has been suffering from diminishing recharge for several decades, which in turn leads to the disappearing of spring water outflows and continuously lowering of groundwater level in the area. Thus, it is important to correctly recognize the groundwater recharge and flow paths for the sustainable development of the XKA. To investigate these issues, the hydrochemical and isotopic compositions are analysed for both surface water and groundwater samples collected over an area of about 280 km2. Results show that (a) the river water is characterized by high Na contents; (b) the δ2H and δ18O values in the river water are distinctively higher than those of groundwater samples, after experiencing the long‐time evaporative enrichment in the upstream reservoir; (c) the Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of groundwater clearly indicated the interaction between water and carbonate minerals but excluded the water–silicate interaction; and (d) the groundwater samples in the direct recharge area of the XKA have the lowest Na concentrations and the δ2H and δ18O values. Based on the large differences in the Na contents and 18O values of groundwater and surface water, a simple two‐component mixing model is developed for the study area and the fractions of the river water are estimated for groundwater samples. We find that the distribution pattern of the river water fractions in the XKA clearly shows a change of directions in the preferential flow path of the groundwater from its source zone to the discharge area. Overall, our results suggest that the recharged surface water can be a useful evidence for delineating the groundwater flow path in river‐connected karst aquifer. This study improves our understanding of the heterogeneity in karst groundwater systems.
Building Background Knowledge Through Reading: Rethinking Text Sets
Authors: Lupo Sarah M. , Strong John Z. , Lewis William , Walpole Sharon , McKenna Michael C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo increase reading volume and help students access challenging texts, the authors propose a four‐dimensional framework for text sets. The quad text set framework is designed around a target text: a challenging content area text, such as a canonical literary work, research article, or historical primary source document. The three remaining dimensions include visual texts (e.g., a video, pictures), informational texts to build students’ background knowledge and vocabulary, and an accessible young adult novel or current events article to help students engage with the topic. Working together, these texts can build students’ background knowledge, make the target text accessible to students, and also allow them to synthesize information across sources. The authors suggest that quad text sets are useful in English, science, and social studies classrooms.
The Prevalence of Vertebral Fractures Is Associated With Reduced Hip Bone Density and Inferior Peripheral Appendicular Volumetric Bone Density and Structure in Older Women
Authors: Johansson Lisa , Sundh Daniel , Zoulakis Michael , Rudäng Robert , Darelid Anna , Brisby Helena , Nilsson Anna G , Mellström Dan , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Vertebral fractures (VFs) are among the most severe and prevalent osteoporotic fractures. Their association with bone microstructure have been investigated in several retrospective case-control studies with spine radiography for diagnosis of VF. The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study of 1027 women aged 75 to 80 years was to investigate if prevalent VF, identified by vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was associated with appendicular volumetric bone density, structure, and bone material strength index (BMSi), independently of hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD). aBMD was measured using DXA (Discovery; Hologic); BMSi with microindentation (Osteoprobe); and bone geometry, volumetric BMD, and microstructure with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) (XtremeCT; Scanco Medical AG). aBMD was lower (spine 3.2%, total hip [TH] 3.8%) at all sites in women with VF, but tibia BMSi did not differ significantly compared to women without VF. In multivariable adjusted logistic regression models, radius trabecular bone volume fraction and tibia cortical area (odds ratio [OR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.06 to 1.49]; and OR 1.27 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.49], respectively) were associated with VF prevalence, whereas BMSi and cortical porosity were not. The risk of having one, two, or more than two VFs was increased 1.27 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.54), 1.83 (95% CI, 1.28 to 2.61), and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.03 to 3.09) times, respectively, for each SD decrease in TH aBMD. When including either cortical area, trabecular bone volume fraction or TBS in the model together with TH aBMD and covariates, only TH aBMD remained independently associated with presence of any VF. In conclusion, TH aBMD was consistently associated with prevalent VFA-verified VF, whereas neither trabecular bone volume fraction, cortical area, cortical porosity, nor BMSi were independently associated with VF in older women. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Procaine is a specific DNA methylation inhibitor with anti‐tumor effect for human gastric cancer
Authors: Li Yong‐Chao , Wang Yun , Li Dan‐Dan , Zhang Ying , Zhao Tian‐Cheng , Li Chang‐Feng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDNA hypermethylation and the silencing of tumor suppressor genes caused by DNA hypermethylation is considered as a molecular hallmark of many kinds of cancers. Procaine, a local anesthetic, has been shown as a potential DNA methylation inhibitor in some types of cancers. However, the influence of procaine on DNA methylation regulation as well as the biological function in gastric cancer is still unknown. We report here that procaine represses the DNA‐methylation level and promotes the proliferation arrest and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Global DNA methylation measurement demonstrates that procaine significantly reduces the global DNA methylation level. Analyses of the DNMTs expression and activity show procaine represses the activity, but not the expression, of DNMT1/DNMT3A. Further evidence on specific genes shows that procaine reduces the DNA methylation level in the promoter regions of CDKN2A and RARβ genes through abrogating the binding of DNMT1/DNMT3A toward these regions. This repression would not be reversed by the overexpression of DNMT1/DNMT3A. Moreover, RT‐qPCR and luciferase report assays demonstrate that procaine leads to the upregulation of CDKN2A and RARβ due to the activation of the promoter of these genes. In the end, we test the function of procaine toward gastric cancer cells and find that procaine has the growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducement effect toward gastric cancer cells. Collectively, our data not only uncovers the regulation mechanisms of procaine to DNA methylation but also suggests an anti‐tumor potential of procaine specific to the gastric carcinoma and provides a new therapeutic strategy for gastric carcinoma.
Kinetic characterization of Scenedesmus quadricauda under low irradiation conditions
Authors: Buitrón Germán , Figueroa‐González Ivonne , Quijano Guilllermo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe kinetic parameters of a model culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda were assessed under low light irradiation conditions. A simple and reliable method was developed for the kinetic characterization, which avoided CO2 mass transfer limitations and allowed the retrieval of accurate kinetic data. Biomass and oxygen yields were also assessed.RESULTSA maximum specific CO2 uptake rate of 0.015 ± 0.002 gCO2 g‐1VS h‐1 and half‐saturation constant of 91 ± 13 gCO2 mLiq‐3 were determined for S. quadricauda at a light intensity of 30 µmol m‐2 s‐1 at 25 °C. The biomass and oxygen yields ranged from 0.045–0.137 g VS g‐1CO2 and 0.211–0.505 gO2 g‐1CO2, respectively, both parameters being dependent on the initial CO2 concentration used.CONCLUSIONA simple and reliable methodology for the kinetic characterization of microalgal cultures was developed and tested. It was demonstrated that the maximum specific CO2 uptake rate of S. quadricauda at 30 µmol m‐2 s‐1 was higher than previous values reported for Scenedesmus cultures exposed to light intensities up to 4.5 times higher but limited by CO2 mass transfer. The methodology and results obtained are useful for determining whether or not to implement a given microalgal‐based process under low irradiance conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced succinic acid production from polyacrylamide‐pretreated cane molasses in microbial electrolysis cells
Authors: Wang Zhen , Li Huanhuan , Feng Jiao , Zhang Alei , Ying Hanxiao , He Xun , Jiang Min , Chen Kequan , Ouyang Pingkai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial electrolysis cells (MECs) are bioelectrochemical reactors in which chemical energy stored in organic compounds is converted to hydrogen through biocatalytic oxidation by microorganisms. This study is the first to report on the practical application of an electric MEC bioreactor to succinic acid anaerobic fed‐batch fermentation from polyacrylamide‐pretreated cane molasses by Actinobacillus succinogenes (130Z).RESULTSWhen molasses was used as the carbon source with an initial sugar concentration of 15 g L‐1, the succinic acid concentration was 22.4% higher in electric MECs than in non‐electric MECs. However, the high molasses concentration inhibited the function of MECs. Nevertheless, anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) pretreatment of molasses was noted to be effective for succinic acid production in MECs even at an initial sugar concentration of 75 g L‐1. Therefore, fed‐batch fermentation of APAM‐pretreated cane molasses with electric MECs at −1.0 V was performed, and a succinic acid concentration of 83.67 g L‐1 and productivity of 1.743 g L‐1 h‐1 were obtained, which were 20.7% and 505% higher than those achieved in non‐electric MECs and without pretreated molasses in MECs, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe succinic acid concentration is significantly increased in electric MECs. Polyacrylamide treatment strategy can resolve the inhibition of high molasses concentration to succinic acid production in MECs and might be an effective method for improvement of chemical production from high hydrolysate content using MECs. Fed‐batch fermentation with polyacrylamide‐pretreated cane molasses in electric MECs is noted to be ideal to achieve further increase in succinic acid concentration and yield. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the effect of four final irrigation protocols on root canal dentin components by polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Baldasso Flávia Emi Razera , Cardoso Luana Roleto , Silva Vinicius Duval da , Morgental Renata Dornelles , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of four endodontic chelating agents, followed by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), as final irrigation regimens on organic and inorganic components of human root dentin. Sixty mandibular incisors were prepared and randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): QMiX, 1% peracetic acid (PA), 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid (CA), 2.5% NaOCl (solution control) and distilled water (DW‐negative control). After irrigation with the chelating agents, a final flush was performed with 2.5% NaOCl. The specimens were split longitudinally in halves; one was designated for organic component analysis by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and the other for inorganic structure analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scores data obtained in the PLM analysis were submitted to Kruskal‐Wallis' test, followed by Dunn's test (p < .05). SEM findings were presented descriptively. NaOCl and DW groups showed uniformity in the fibrillar network and smear layer obliterating the dentinal tubules, while CA group presented alteration in organic and inorganic components of dentin. EDTA group did not show differences from others in the organic component, but altered the inorganic structure. QMiX and PA groups did not cause a significant morphological alteration in collagen and removed the smear layer without inorganic structure modification. As final irrigation, QMiX and PA solutions, followed by 2.5% NaOCl, showed better behavior than the other chelating agents tested, preserving organic and inorganic components of human root dentin.
Voxel‐by‐voxel 4D flow MRI‐based assessment of regional reverse flow in the aorta
Authors: Shen Xin , Schnell Susanne , Barker Alex J. , Suwa Kenichiro , Tashakkor Lingzi , Jarvis Kelly , Carr James C. , Collins Jeremy D. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Markl Michael 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundComplex and reverse flow in the aorta has been implicated in aneurysm development and stroke via retrograde embolization.PurposeTo evaluate global and regional differences between standard 2D plane‐based and volumetric voxel‐based quantification of regional forward/reverse flow, and reverse flow fraction (RFF) in the aorta.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 35 subjects: 10 healthy controls (age: 57 ± 7 years, nine male), nine patients without aortic valve regurgitation (AR) (age: 63 ± 10 years, seven male), six patients with mild AR (age: 66 ± 6 years, five male), and 10 with moderate or severe AR (age: 60 ± 16 years, eight male).Field Strength/Sequence4D flow MRI (3T and 1.5T) was employed to acquire 3D blood flow velocities with entire thoracic aorta in all subjects.AssessmentData analysis included standard 2D plane‐based quantification of forward/reverse flow, and RFF‐plane. In addition, a new semiautomatic workflow based on 3D segmentation and extraction of an aorta centerline was developed for voxel‐by‐voxel visualization (forward/reverse flow and RFF‐voxel maps) and quantification of regional voxel‐by‐voxel forward/reverse flow in the entire thoracic aorta.Statistical TestsKruskal–Wallis tests were performed to test for differences between groups. A two‐sample t‐test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare voxel‐based and plane‐based results.ResultsSemiautomatic plane‐based analysis showed excellent agreement with standard manual plane‐based analysis for net flow and RFF‐plane (RFF‐plane: y = 0.99x‐0.0, net flow: y = 1.00x‐0.21, R > 0.99, P < 0.0001). Voxel‐by‐voxel maps demonstrated marked regional flow reversal in the ascending aorta in all patients and RFF‐voxel was significantly increased (P < 0.001) compared to RFF‐plane for all four groups, with the most pronounced differences for mild AR (18.0 ± 15.2% vs. 4.7 ± 5.4%). Voxel‐based flow and RFF‐voxel along the aorta showed areas with marked regional flow reversal (eg, vortex flow) compared to plane‐based analysis.Data ConclusionVoxel‐based analysis demonstrated regional flow reversal that was not detected by plane‐based analysis.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1276–1286.
Pressure correction for the computation of nitrate concentrations in seawater using an in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer
Authors: Sakamoto Carole M. , Johnson Kenneth S. , Coletti Luke J. , Jannasch Hans W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe most accurate calculation of nitrate concentration from the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of seawater requires that the absorption signal due to bromide in seawater be removed before nitrate concentrations are computed. Recent work suggests that the UV absorption spectrum of bromide in seawater has a pressure dependence. Neglect of this signal could add a bias when nitrate concentrations at high pressure are computed from UV measurements. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the pressure dependence of the bromide absorption in seawater. Our results confirm the existence of a pressure coefficient in the bromide spectrum. The percentage change in bromide molar absorptivity is wavelength and temperature independent. The effect of pressure on the absorptivity of sea salt (ESW), which is dominated by bromide ion, can therefore be calculated as
The correction amounts to an error of around 0.95 μM nitrate at 1000 dbar. The pressure correction should be used in the calculations of nitrate concentrations from UV absorption spectra at high pressures.
Media attention regarding sudden cardiac death associated with domperidone use does not affect in hospital ECG recording
Authors: Berger Florine , Saâïd Selma , van Gelder Teun , Stricker Bruno , Becker Matthijs , van den Bemt Patricia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeIn March 2013, regulatory warnings concerning the potential risks of domperidone caused considerable media attention in the Netherlands. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of regulatory warnings and the resulting media hype on the frequency of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring of inpatients using domperidone. We also studied the effect on the frequency of prescribing domperidone by physicians.MethodsA 2‐centre, observational, retrospective cohort study was performed. Inpatients using domperidone in 2 hospitals in the Netherlands during a period of 384 days before and after the media hype were included.The main outcomes were (1) the proportion of domperidone users with ECGs before and/or during domperidone treatment, (2) the proportion of patients with an ECG before and during treatment, and (3) the proportion of patients with an ECG during treatment. Secondary outcome was the proportion of domperidone prescriptions comparing the before‐ and after‐period.ResultsFour hundred twenty‐eight patients were included. The main outcomes [respectively (1) relative risk (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.85‐1.21; (2) RR 1.06, 95% CI, 0.60‐1.85; and (3) RR 1.27, 95% CI, 0.80‐2.01) were not different. After stratifying for hospital, no significant differences were found. A statistically significant decrease (RR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.35‐0.45) in numbers of prescriptions was found for the university medical centre only.ConclusionsNo effect of the media hype was found on the intensity of ECG monitoring in domperidone users. In the university medical centre, domperidone prescriptions were reduced.
Monitoring of Sesamia nonagrioides resistance to MON 810 maize in the European Union: lessons from a long‐term harmonized plan
Authors: Farinós Gema P , Hernández‐Crespo Pedro , Ortego Félix , Castañera Pedro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDUse of MON 810 maize (Zea mays), which expresses the insecticidal protein Cry1Ab from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt maize), is a highly effective method to control Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèbvre), a key maize pest in Mediterranean countries. Monitoring programs to assess the potential development of resistance of target pests to Bt maize are mandatory in the European Union (EU). Here we report the results of the S. nonagrioides resistance monitoring plan implemented for MON 810 maize in the EU between 2004 and 2015 and reassess the different components of this long‐term harmonized plan.RESULTSNo major shifts in the susceptibility of S. nonagrioides to the Cry1Ab protein have occurred over time. The reassessment of this long‐term program has identified some practical and technical constraints, allowing us to provide specific recommendations for improvement: use reference strains instead of susceptibility baselines as comparators for field‐collected populations; shift from dose–response bioassays to diagnostic concentrations; and focus monitoring on areas with high adoption rates, such as the Ebro basin in Spain.CONCLUSIONThere are no signs of field resistance of S. nonagrioides to the Cry1Ab protein of MON 810 maize. Specific recommendations for improvement are provided, based on the knowledge and experience accumulated through the implementation of this unique EU‐wide harmonized plan. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Annulation of 4‐Hydroxypyrones and α‐Keto Vinyl Azides; A Regiospecific Approach towards the Synthesis of Furo[3, 2‐c]Pyrone Scaffolds under Catalyst Free Condition
Authors: Prasad Budaganaboyina , Reddy V. Ganga , Krishna Namballa Hari , Reddy N. V. Subba , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Alarifi Abdullah , Kamal Ahmed 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA mild and efficient strategy for the construction of furo[3, 2‐c]pyrones via an annulation of α‐keto vinyl azides and 4‐hydroxypyrones under catalyst free condition has been described. Several furo[3, 2‐c]pyrone scaffolds were synthesized from readily available vinyl azides and 4‐hydroxypyrones in a regiospecific manner. This protocol allows the formation of new C−O and C−C bonds in a single step to provide a wide variety of substituted furano heterocycles. It is worth noting that the present protocol has several advantages over the conventional methods such as catalyst free, short reaction duration and operational simplicity with good yields.
Advanced Materials Based on Polymers and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kitazawa Yuzo , Ueno Kazuhide , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are ambient temperature molten salts, which have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique properties. In this contribution, we review advanced materials composed of ILs and polymers for the basis of a new design protocol to fabricate novel materials. As electrolytes for electrochemical devices, cross‐linked polymers containing ILs (ion gels) are endowed with functional properties inherited from ILs and mechanical consistency derived from polymers. To create such materials, micro‐phase separation of block copolymers and colloidal arrays in the ILs are utilized. Based on the molecular design of task‐specific ILs, the resultant ion gels are applicable as electrolytes for actuator, fuel cell, and secondary battery applications. Thermo‐ and photo‐responsive polymers in ILs are also highlighted, whereby such stimuli elicit changes in the solubility of the self‐assembly of block copolymers and colloidal arrays in the ILs. Further, thermo‐ and photo‐reversible changes in the self‐assembled structure can be exploited to demonstrate sol‐gel transitions and fabricate photo‐healable materials.
Teeter design for lowest extreme loads during end impacts
Authors: Schorbach V. , Dalhoff P. , Gust P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo bladed wind turbines are discussed as a possible turbine alternative for offshore use as they show a potential to save cost of energy. But compared to three‐bladed turbines, their dynamic behavior is much more challenging. A possible solution to handle these larger dynamic loads is the use of a teeter hinge, which can significantly reduce fatigue loads. In contrast to that, extreme loads, coming from teeter end impacts, are often described as a problem for teetered turbines. There are different design parameters of the teeter system of a turbine, which have an influence on extreme loads during teeter end impacts. Despite numerous studies on teeter movement and load reduction potentials of operational loads, scientific literature does not give information about suitable load‐reducing combinations of teeter design parameters and their influence on extreme loads. This paper, which is a summary of a PhD thesis, analyses which combination of teeter parameters has the largest load‐reducing influence on extreme loads. Aeroelastic load simulations of the teetered turbine CART2 from the NREL test site and one of today's commercial two‐bladed turbines, the SCD3MW from aerodyn (both pitch controlled upwind turbines), will be used.