bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spawning Redd Habitat Use and Selection by Invasive Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Along a Longitudinal Gradient in a Headwater Stream
Authors: Mundahl Neal D. , Schnaser Avery C. , Bergen Silas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAs stream habitats change from upstream to downstream, choice of spawning redd sites by brown trout may shift as habitat availability changes. In a previous study, we examined the importance of overhead cover or shade in redd site selection. Here, we examined spawning site habitat use and selection by brown trout by assessing physical characteristics at redd sites in a 4.8‐km reach of Garvin Brook (southeastern Minnesota, USA) during each of five spawning seasons, 2016–2020. We measured redd dimensions, water depths, and current velocities, and compared these among four separate sections (900–1900 m in length) of the stream. We also assessed available habitats within each section to examine possible selection of habitats by spawning trout, plus quantified the size distribution of gravel substrate at redd sites within two stream sections. Habitat availability varied dramatically among stream sections. After analyzing 1844 redds from the five spawning seasons, brown trout displayed strong selection for water depths between 10 and 29 cm and current velocities between 10 and 49 cm/s. Preferred/selected water depths and current velocities increased by 7 cm and 10 cm/s, respectively, between upstream and downstream sections. All redds were located in gravel/cobble substrates, with variations in size distributions of gravels not correlated to redd dimensions or any measured habitat variable. Spawning site preferences of brown trout can change along a stream reach of moderate length, likely in relation to changing availability of various combinations of water depth, velocity, substrate, available cover, and trout abundance.
Current climate action trends in party‐political manifestos: A content analysis provides hints to move forward
Authors: Brás Gonçalo Rodrigues , Lillebø Ana , Vieira Helena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractParty manifestos offer valuable insights into evolving climate political agendas, warranting relevant content to understand parties' priorities and approaches to climate resilience. Through a content analysis of Portuguese party manifestos from the 2019, 2022, and 2024 elections, this study aims to address key research questions regarding SDG 13 targets. The results demonstrate a positive trend within SDG 13, albeit predominantly focused on targets 13.1 and 13.2. Left‐wing parties exhibit stronger commitment compared to their right‐wing counterparts, with variations observed based on European affiliations. Across all SDG 13 targets, left‐wing party manifestos consistently covered a broader spectrum of themes compared to their right‐wing counterparts. Green parties exhibit a partial higher commitment relative to the dominant governance parties in Portugal, which is recently governed by a right‐wing coalition. Findings aim to inform and potentiate refinement of climate policy agendas, contributing to future sustainability initiatives in Portugal and beyond.
A step toward the modern and sustainable agriculture: Evaluating the impact of information and communication technology on cereal production in China
Authors: Zhang Huaquan , Jin Ruijia , Chandio Abbas Ali , Twumasi Martinson Ankrah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAchieving food security has become a critical concern for many nations. China has also made significant efforts to ensure domestic food security. In order to provide an adequate food supply in the future, this research explores the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on grain production. Pool Mean Group (PMG) method is used to estimate a panel dataset for 31 Chinese province administrative regions from 2005 to 2021. To ensure that the panel dataset is suitable for use with the PMG model, cross‐sectional independence tests, unit root tests, and co‐integration tests are performed. The empirical analysis shows that ICT boosts cereal crops yields over time. In particular, a 1% increase in fixed broadband users and cell phones boosts cereal production by 0.03% and 0.06%, respectively, in the long run. As a result, in order to increase yields, China must expand its use of ICT in agricultural production.
Accelerating the Reduction Kinetics of V4+ to V3+ on Atomically Fe─N4 Decorated Carbon Nanotubes for Vanadium Electrolyte Preparation
Authors: Niu Shiyang , Li Haopeng , Guo Hui , Liu Yong , Cheng Yuanhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe high manufacturing cost of vanadium electrolytes is caused by the sluggish kinetics of V4+ to V3+, which restricts the commercialization of all vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). Here, density functional theory calculations first reveal the detailed reaction pathway and point out the rate‐determined step by the desorption of the end product [V(H2O)6]3+. Catalytic site engineering at the molecular level can optimize the adsorption energy of [V(H2O)6]3+ to boost the kinetics. Furthermore, iron single‐atoms embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (FeSA/NCNT) are designed to decrease the adsorption energy of [V(H2O)6]3+. The reaction rate constant of FeSA/NCNT toward V4+ to V3+ is 1.62 × 10−7 cm s−1, 37.5 times that of the commercial carbon catalyst. Therefore, the energy consumption is reduced by 22.5%. Meanwhile, the prepared vanadium electrolyte is of high quality with the ideal oxidation state of + 3.5 without impurities. This work reveals the catalytic mechanism of V4+ to V3+ and proposes a simple but practical strategy to reduce the preparation cost of V3.5+ electrolyte.
Emerging ZnO Semiconductors for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Methanol
Authors: Kshirsagar Switi Dattatraya , Shelake Sandip Prabhakar , Biswas Bapan , Ramesh Kanaparthi , Gaur Rashmi , Abraham B. Moses , Sainath Annadanam V. Sesha , Pal Ujjwal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon recycling is poised to emerge as a prominent trend for mitigating severe climate change and meeting the rising demand for energy. Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into green energy and valuable feedstocks through photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCCR) offers a promising solution to global warming and energy needs. Among all semiconductors, zinc oxide (ZnO) has garnered considerable interest due to its ecofriendly nature, biocompatibility, abundance, exceptional semiconducting and optical properties, cost‐effectiveness, easy synthesis, and durability. This review thoroughly discusses recent advances in mechanistic insights, fundamental principles, experimental parameters, and modulation of ZnO catalysts for direct PCCR to C1 products (methanol). Various ZnO modification techniques are explored, including atomic size regulation, synthesis strategies, morphology manipulation, doping with cocatalysts, defect engineering, incorporation of plasmonic metals, and single atom modulation to boost its photocatalytic performance. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of photoreactor design, reactor types, geometries, operating modes, and phases. Future research endeavors should prioritize the development of cost‐effective catalyst immobilization methods for solid‐liquid separation and catalyst recycling, while emphasizing the use of abundant and non‐toxic materials to ensure environmental sustainability and economic viability. Finally, the review outlines key challenges and proposes novel directions for further enhancing ZnO‐based photocatalytic CO2 conversion processes.
Fourier Ptychographic Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy with Point‐Scanning for Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Gong Li , Dou Yanxin , Lin Shulang , Osipowicz Thomas , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFourier ptychography (FP) is a high resolution wide‐field imaging method based on the extended aperture in the Fourier space, which is synthesized from raw images with varying illumination angles. If FP is extended to coherent nonlinear optical imaging, the resolution could be further improved due to the increase of the cutoff frequency of the synthesized coherent optical transfer function (C‐OTF) with respect to the order of nonlinear optical processes. However, there is a fundamental conflict between wide‐field FP and nonlinear optical imaging, whereby the nonlinear optical imaging typically requires a focused excitation laser beam with high power density. To tackle the problem, in this work, a unique point‐scanning FP (PS‐FP) method is presented for super‐resolution nonlinear optical imaging, in which the nonlinear optical signal is obtained by using focused laser beam, while the conventional FP algorithm can still be used to retrieve the super‐resolution image. PS‐FP coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (PS‐FP‐CARS) imaging on a variety of samples, where a 1.8‐fold expansion of the OTF is achieved experimentally for enhancing vibrational imaging. Further theoretical calculation shows that the C‐OTF of PS‐FP higher‐order CARS (PS‐FP‐HO‐CARS) can be expanded up to ≈4.9‐fold, thereby improving the spatial resolution by ≈3‐fold in comparison with conventional point‐scanning CARS with under tightly focused beams. The generality of PS‐FP method developed in this work can be adapted to other coherent nonlinear optical imaging modalities for super‐resolution imaging in tissue and cells.
Defining mucosal healing in randomized controlled trials of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and future perspective
Authors: Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo , Solitano Virginia , Armuzzi Alessandro , Barreiro de Acosta Manuel , Begun Jake , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Biedermann Luc , Colombel Jean‐Frederic , Dignass Axel , Fumery Mathurin , Ghosh Subrata , Kobayashi Taku , Louis Edouard , Magro Fernando , Panaccione Remo , Rausch Astrid , Reinisch Walter , Selinger Christian , Jairath Vipul , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMucosal healing (MH) is an established treatment goal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, various definitions of MH exist. We aimed to identify how MH is defined in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library from inception to December 2023 for phase 2 and 3 RCTs of advanced therapies in IBD.ResultsOne hundred forty‐four studies were included, 72 in UC and 72 in CD, published between 1997 and 2023. In UC, 64% (46/72) RCTs reported MH as an endpoint. 12 definitions of MH were found, from endoscopic assessment alone (35/46; 76%) to the more recent combination of histology and endoscopy (10/46; 22%). 96% (44/46) of studies used the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore. In CD, reporting of MH lagged behind UC, with only 12% (9/72) of trials specifically defining MH as an endpoint, 7 as “absence of ulceration,” 2 as Simplified Endoscopic Score for CD score ≤2 or 0. Histological assessment was performed in 3 RCTs of CD. Centralized reading of endoscopy was used in 48% (35/72) of RCTs of UC and 22% (16/72) of CD. Only 1 RCT included transmural healing as an endpoint.ConclusionsA standard definition of MH in IBD is lacking. Definitions have evolved particularly in UC, which now includes the addition of histological evaluation. Transmural healing holds promise as a future target in CD. We support a greater standardization of definitions as we expect endpoints to become increasingly stringent and multimodal with computers automating the assessment.
Investigating the transforming hydrosocial dynamics in urbanizing Gurgaon, India
Authors: Amir Sheeba , Narain Vishal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs a terrain for neoliberal capitalism, Gurgaon, a city peripheral to New Delhi, has urbanized tremendously to become part of an urban agglomeration. Along with its unprecedented urban growth, the semiarid, water‐stressed region is undergoing a fundamental reconfiguration of its ecologies, visible in its disconnected hydrological network, fragmented landscape, and reappropriated forests and agricultural land. This article reflects on the evolving interaction between water and society and the growing water insecurities within this “emerging” urban system by interrogating the region's rapidly transforming hydrosocial system. It highlights the transition from community‐managed traditional water system to a centralized, extractive, and techno‐centric approach and addresses the challenges and differential vulnerabilities created by this transformation.
Implementation of stacking regressor model on the flow induced by TiO2‐H2O and Ti6Al4V‐H2O nanofluid with waste discharge concentration
Authors: Madhukesh J. K. , J Madhu , Fareeduddin Mohammed , K Chandan , Khan Umair , Al‐Tref Gadah Abdulrahman , Hussain Syed Modassir , Nagaraja K. V. , Kumar Raman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present investigation examines the circulation of and based nanofluids while considering the concentration of waste discharge. An innovative stacking regressor model is used to increase prediction accuracy. Using Shooting and Runge Kutta Fehlberg's fourth and fifth‐order schemes, the governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation and then numerically solved. The findings are represented graphically, and the model's correctness is assessed using Gaussian Process Regression, Categorical Boost, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest, with linear regression acting as a meta‐model. The closely related testing and training data show the model's consistency and stability. Magnetic field and inclination angle will decline the velocity, space, and temperature‐dependent internal heat generation factors will enhance the temperature. Raising the pollutant external source parameter raises concentration. In all the cases, shows better performance than based nanofluid. The work's application ranges from fluid dynamics to waste management. By offering precise forecasts of nanofluid concentration, the proposed prediction model may aid in designing and optimizing waste discharge systems.
A numerical investigation of the polyethylene glycol‐based tetra hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretched porous rotatory disk
Authors: Patgiri Bhagyashri , Paul Ashish 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG) is a great heat and mass transmissive fluid that has promising applications in medical, pharmaceutical, and electronic industries. Tetra‐hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) are the most upgraded version of heat and mass transmissive nanofluids that are synthesized by dispersing four distinct nanoparticles in the carrier fluid. The study of the flow of nanofluids and their advanced classes across rotatory disks is receiving remarkable interest in research and innovation due to their considerable applications like gas turbine rotors, aeronautical, medical equipment, rotating machinery, thermal power developing systems, and so forth. Therefore, the present paper aims to inspect the magnetohydrodynamic, steady, three‐dimensional, and incompressible flow of a non‐Newtonian tetra‐HNF over a stretched porous rotating disk. The chosen tetra‐HNF consists of four distinct nanoparticles namely, molybdenum disulfide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium oxide with PEG as the carrier fluid. The flow model is modified with innovative impacts of variable thermal conductivity, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, variable mass diffusivity, and suction/injection to make this research more convenient. The mathematical computation is conducted via the bvp4c numerical method, and the outputs are determined via tables and graphs. Mounting values of the Deborah number amplify the axial velocity while augmentation is noticed in the fluid's radial and azimuthal velocities for rising values of the rotation parameter. Besides, the rotation parameter aids in enhancing both the heat and mass transportation rates while the chemical reaction parameter significantly aids the mass transportation rate. One of the significant results of this inspection is that tetra‐HNF exhibits better heat and mass transportation rates than the ternary‐HNF, and the HNF whereas it has lesser skin friction than the ternary‐HNF, and the HNF.
A revised double diffusion Cattaneo–Christov bioconvective model for unsteady Williamson nanofluid due to Riga surface with additional nonlinear thermal sources
Authors: Aziz Samaira , Khan Sami Ullah , Adnan  , Ahmad Iftikhar , Waqas Muhammad , Sajjad Raja Danyal , Riaz Arshad , Zamri Nurnadiah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent analysis presents the unsteady two‐dimensional flow of Williamson nanofluid with suspension of microorganisms due to stretched Riga surface with porous medium. The applications of external heat source/sink with non‐uniform relations are suggested. Furthermore, activation energy and nonlinear radiative effects are encountered. The extension in energy equation is subject to the implications of famous Cattaneo–Christov model. The problem is simplified with help of dimensionless quantities. The analytical simulations of formulated problem have been performed with help of built‐in bvp4c numerical scheme. The physical aspects of problem are presented for various flow parameters. It is claimed that velocity profile boosted due to modified Hartmann parameter while declining change in velocity profile is noted for Williamson fluid constant. The temperature field enhances for non‐uniform heat source constants. Current results convey applications in heat transfer enhancement, solar energy, extrusion processes, automobile industries, fertilizers, and so forth.
Exploring constraints on Simplified Dark Matter model through flavour and electroweak observables
Authors: Kolay Lipika , Nandi Soumitra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on a combined analysis of various available inputs to constrain the parameter spaces of a simplified dark matter (SDM) model featuring a spin-0 mediator and fermionic dark matter (DM). The spin-0 mediator interacts with standard model (SM) fermions, SM gauge bosons, and DM. We constrain the parameter spaces of different relevant couplings, DM mass, and the mediator mass, using the data from flavour-changing charged and neutral current processes, CKM matrices, W and Z-pole observables, DM relic density, direct and indirect detection bounds. We have calculated bounds on the couplings from both separate and simultaneous analyses of the mentioned processes. We identify correlated parameter spaces for all the relevant parameters which include the couplings and the masses. For the DM and mediator masses, we have scanned the region between 100 GeV and 1000 GeV. Using our results, we have obtained bounds on the couplings of possible higher dimensional operators from which we can formulate our SDM.
Loop induced H±W∓Z vertices in the general two Higgs doublet model with CP violation
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Mura Yushi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding symmetry of extended Higgs models helps to construct the theory beyond the standard model and gives important insights for testing these models by experiments. The custodial symmetry plays an important role as a leading principle to construct non-minimal Higgs sectors. On the other hand, new sources of CP violation in the Higgs sector are essentially important to explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In the two Higgs doublet model, it has been known that the CP violation and the custodial symmetry are not compatible, and thus the CP violating Higgs potential in general violates the custodial symmetry in the Higgs sector. In this paper, we discuss the loop-induced H±W∓Z vertices in the two Higgs doublet model, which are induced due to the custodial symmetry violation of the sector of the particles in the loop, and study how the vertices are affected by the CP violation. We calculate the H±W∓Z vertices in the most general two Higgs doublet model with the CP violation at the one-loop level and evaluate the decay modes H± → W±Z caused by these vertices. We obtain new contributions to the H±W∓Z vertices from the CP violating part of the model, in addition to the known contributions from the CP conserving part. Moreover, we find that an asymmetry between the decays H+ → W+Z and H− → W−Z is caused by the CP violating phases in the model, some of which are important for the electroweak baryogenesis. We also briefly mention testability of these vertices at future collider experiments.
Logarithmic singularities of Renyi entropy as a sign of chaos?
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Nishida Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose that the logarithmic singularities of the Renyi entropy of local-operator-excited states for replica index n can be a sign of quantum chaos. As concrete examples, we analyze the logarithmic singularities of the Renyi entropy in various two-dimensional conformal field theories. We show that there are always logarithmic singularities of the Renyi entropy in holographic CFTs, but no such singularities in free and rational CFTs. These singularities of the Renyi entropy are also related to the logarithmic time growth of the Renyi entropy at late times.
A chiral limit for Chern-Simons-matter theories
Authors: Aharony Ofer , Kalloor Rohit R. , Kukolj Trivko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Large N quasi-fermionic Chern-Simons-matter theories have an approximate higher-spin symmetry that strongly constrains their correlation functions. In particular, the 3-point functions for generic spins are combinations of 3 structures (with specific dependence on the positions and helicities), and the coupling-dependence of the coefficient of each structure is uniquely determined. In the past few years, several relations between different structures were found. In this paper we show that all the relations between the structures follow from (or, conversely, they imply) a specific form written by Skvortsov for the vertices of the dual higher-spin gravity theory on four-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, when written in spinor-helicity variables. The dual bulk theory has a specific limit where it simplifies and becomes a “chiral higher-spin gravity theory”, and we discuss what can be said about this limit in the dual Chern-Simons-matter theories, where it involves an analytic continuation to complex couplings.
Phylogeographic structure of Italian Formica pratensis (Retzius 1783) populations in the framework of the species Eurasian range
Authors: Masoni A. , Castellucci F. , Piccinini A. , Greco C. , Balzani P. , Frizzi F. , Mattucci F. , Giangregorio P. , Guariento E. , Zaccaroni M. , Santini G. , Luchetti A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The phylogeography and demographical history of Italian Formica pratensis populations were examined and compared with the Eurasian-wide dataset available for this species and the other red wood ant species Formica lugubris. Forty-eight workers belonging to eight populations from both Alps and Apennines were analysed sequencing a 1.5-kilobase mitochondrial DNA fragment, including the cytochrome b gene and part of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 gene. A total of 127 sequences were screened, scoring 53 different haplotypes amongst all specimens, with five new haplotypes discovered in the Italian populations. All the Italian haplotypes clustered in a monophyletic clade, underlining a clear phylogeographical separation of this group from the other Eurasian groups and suggesting a glacial separate forest refugia and different post-glacial colonisation patterns. The haplotypes from the Alps and the Apennines showed a high genetic proximity, pointing out an ancient (Pleistocene) wide distribution of this species across all these areas and common ancestral lineages. No shared haplotypes were scored between Northern and Central Apennine populations, but the low inter-population genetic distance indicated similar post-glacial selective processes acting on these groups. The diversity we recorded may be influenced by the actual fragmentation of F. pratensis populations across its entire Eurasian range, and by the limited geographical origin and sample dimension of the dataset analysed. Future studies with a more extensive sampling in the Alps and Eastern Europe are needed to confirm our result.