bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Triple Bottom Line: A Critical Review from a Transdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Isil Ozgur , Hernke Michael T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe triple bottom line (TBL) has reformed management discourse by making sustainability part of the business agenda, yet increasingly the TBL has evolved into a proxy for sustainability, often visually depicted as the mutual maximization of economic, social and environmental dimensions. We use a sentiment analysis to show that the extant literature views the TBL favorably and uncritically, with only 8% of academic studies invoking the term negatively. Next, based on extant management literature, we show that two core assumptions underpin the TBL metaphor: win–win and firm‐level sustainability. Then we employ a transdisciplinary comparative analysis to contrast these assumptions with two ecological perspectives: strong sustainability and nested hierarchy. By drawing extensively from the literature of ecologically grounded sciences, our study contributes a critical evaluation of the TBL paradigm of sustainability.
Sustainability and Environmental Behaviour in Family Firms: A Longitudinal Analysis of Environment‐Related Activities, Innovation and Performance
Authors: Doluca Hüseyin , Wagner Marcus , Block Jörn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEnvironmental behaviour plays an important role as concerns the public image and performance of firms, as well as for the achievement of sustainable development in society. This study investigates the behaviour of family firms regarding environment‐related activities, innovation and performance. Opposing goals are found to impact environmental behaviour of family firms, in particular the trade‐off between family firms' risk awareness and their aim of achieving socioeconomic wealth. We find that family firms initially lag regarding environment‐related activities, beneficial product, process and organizational innovations and performance. Yet, family firms catch up and show overall less volatility compared with other firms. Overall, we thus observe a convergence process between family and non‐family firms, which ultimately enables the two types of firm to achieve similar outcomes in terms of environment‐related activities, beneficial innovations and performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Antecedents of Green Loyalty in the Cruise Industry: Sustainable Development and Environmental Management
Authors: Han Heesup , Lee Myong Jae , Kim Wansoo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs there is a lack of understanding about cruise travelers' eco‐friendly behaviors and knowledge about eco‐friendly cruises, this study attempted to examine the role of green value, satisfaction, desire, and internal and external normative factors in building passengers' green loyalty for environmentally responsible cruises. A survey methodology and structural equation modeling were utilized to achieve the research purpose. Data quality assessment revealed that all measures for variables included an adequate level of reliability and validity. Results of the structural analysis indicated that our theoretical framework had a sufficient level of anticipation power for loyalty. The proposed associations among study variables were generally supported. The significant indirect influence of green values and social norms on loyalty was identified. Moreover, the magnitude of the total influence of social norms on loyalty was the greatest among the study constructs. Overall, our findings offer valuable and meaningful insights for cruise researchers and practitioners. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Bleomycin Can Cleave an Oncogenic Noncoding RNA
Authors: Angelbello Alicia J. , Disney Matthew D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNoncoding RNAs are pervasive in cells and contribute to diseases such as cancer. A question in biomedical research is whether noncoding RNAs are targets of medicines. Bleomycin is a natural product that cleaves DNA; however, it is known to cleave RNA in vitro. Herein, an in‐depth analysis of the RNA cleavage preferences of bleomycin A5 is presented. Bleomycin A5 prefers to cleave RNAs with stretches of AU base pairs. Based on these preferences and bioinformatic analysis, the microRNA‐10b hairpin precursor was identified as a potential substrate for bleomycin A5. Both in vitro and cellular experiments demonstrated cleavage. Importantly, chemical cleavage by bleomycin A5 in the microRNA‐10b hairpin precursors occurred near the Drosha and Dicer enzymatic processing sites and led to destruction of the microRNA. Evidently, oncogenic noncoding RNAs can be considered targets of cancer medicines and might elicit their pharmacological effects by targeting noncoding RNA.
Total Synthesis of Two Possible Diastereomers of Natural 6‐Chlorotetrahydrofuran Acetogenin and Its Stereostructural Elucidation
Authors: Takamura Hiroyoshi , Katsube Tomoya , Okamoto Kazuki , Kadota Isao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe first total synthesis of two possible diastereomers of natural 6‐chlorotetrahydrofuran acetogenin 1 has been achieved. The synthetic route features 5‐exo‐tet cyclization, Z selective Wittig reaction and Julia olefination for the construction of conjugated diene and enyne moieties, and stereoselective chlorination. Comparison of their 1H and 13C NMR data and specific rotation with those of the natural product elucidated the absolute configuration of natural (−)‐6‐chlorotetrahydrofuran acetogenin 1.
Z−H Bond Activation in (Di)hydrogen Bonding as a Way to Proton/Hydride Transfer and H2 Evolution
Authors: Belkova Natalia V. , Filippov Oleg A. , Shubina Elena S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ability of neutral transition‐metal hydrides to serve as a source of hydride ion H− or proton H+ is well appreciated. The hydride ligands possessing a partly negative charge are proton accepting sites, forming a dihydrogen bond, M−Hδ−⋅⋅⋅δ+HX (M=transition metal or metalloid). On the other hand, some metal hydrides are able to serve as a proton source and give hydrogen bond of M−Hδ+⋅⋅⋅X type (X=organic base). In this paper we analyse recent works on transition‐metal and boron hydrides showing i) how formation of an intermolecular complex between the reactants changes the Z−H (M−H and X−H) bond polarity and ii) what is the implication of such activation in the mechanisms of hydrides reactions.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 6,6‐Disubstituted Pentafulvenes Containing a Chiral Pendant Hydroxy Group
Authors: Nouch Ryan , Cini Melchior , Magre Marc , Abid Mohammed , Diéguez Montserrat , Pàmies Oscar , Woodward Simon , Lewis William 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSimple enantioselective synthesis of 6,6‐disubstituted pentafulvenes bearing chiral pendant hydroxy groups are attained by cascade reactivity using commercially available proline‐based organocatalysts. Condensation of cyclopentadiene with the acetyl function of a 1,2‐formylacetophenone, followed by cyclization of a resulting fulvene‐stabilized carbanion with the formyl group, generates bicyclic chiral alcohols with initial er values up to 94:6. Exceptional enantio‐enrichment of the resultant alcohols results upon crystallization—even near racemic samples spontaneously de‐racemize. This enables new families of substituted cyclopentadienes that are both enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure to be rapidly attained.
The Trifluoromethyl Sulfinyl and Oxathiyl Radicals
Authors: Wu Zhuang , Xu Jian , Deng Guohai , Chu Xianxu , Sokolenko Liubov , Trabelsi Tarek , Francisco Joseph S. , Eckhardt André K. , Schreiner Peter R. , Zeng Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo hitherto unreported sulfur‐centered radicals CF3SO. and CF3OS. were generated in the gas phase through high‐vacuum flash pyrolyses of sulfoxide CF3S(O)X (X=CF3, Cl, PhO) precursors. The CF3OS. molecule is the first experimental example that constitutes an oxathiyl radical. It was isolated and characterized by combining matrix‐isolation IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy with quantum chemical computations up to the UCCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVTZ‐F12 level of theory. Upon UV light irradiation (254 or 266 nm), sulfinyl radical (CF3SO.) isomerizes to oxathiyl radical (CF3OS.) in cryogenic noble gas matrices (Ar and Ne). Natural population analyses at the BP86/def2‐TZVPP//UCCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVTZ‐F12 level suggest that the spin density in CF3OS. is mainly localized on the sulfur atom (0.86), whereas, in CF3SO. the spin density is almost equally distributed on the sulfur (0.55) and oxygen (0.43) atoms.
Convenient enzymatic resolution of (R,S)‐2‐methylbutyric acid catalyzed by immobilized lipases
Authors: Mittersteiner Mateus , Linshalm Bruna Luiza , Vieira Ana Paula Furlan , Brondani Patrícia Bulegon , Scharf Dilamara Riva , de Jesus Paulo Cesar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe application of several immobilized lipases has been explored in the enantioselective esterification of (R,S)‐2‐methylbutyric acid, an insect pheromone precursor. With the use of Candida antarctica B, using hexane as solvent, (R)‐pentyl 2‐methylbutyrate was prepared in 2 h with c 40%, eep 90%, and E = 35, while Thermomyces lanuginosus leads to c 18%, eep 91%, and E = 26. The (S)‐enantiomer was obtained by the use of Candida rugosa or Rhizopus oryzae (2‐h reaction, c 34% and 35%, eep 75 and 49%, and E = 10 and 4, respectively). Under optimal conditions, the effect of the solvent, the molar ratio, and the nucleophile were evaluated.
Bloch equations for proton exchange reactions in an aqueous solution
Authors: Lee Jae‐Seung , Regatte Ravinder R. , Jerschow Alexej 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe extension of the Bloch equations for acid‐base reactions in an aqueous solution is revisited. The acid‐base reactions are second order, and several reactions catalyzed by distinct catalysts may happen simultaneously. By constructing pseudo first‐order reactions and assuming fast dissemination of protons from catalysts to solvent water, this extension converges to the well‐known Bloch‐McConnell equations for a two‐site first‐order exchange. Thus, explicit relationships between the parameters appearing in the reactions and the Bloch‐McConnell equations are established. The dependencies of exchange rates and chemical exchange saturation transfer effects on pH were numerically and experimentally investigated for representative examples.
Understanding the Stability of Pt‐Based Nanocages under Thermal Stress Using In Situ Electron Microscopy
Authors: Vara Madeline , Wang Xue , Howe Jane , Chi Miaofang , Xia Younan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report a systematic study of the thermal stability of Pt‐based cubic, octahedral, and icosahedral nanocages using high‐resolution electron microscopy coupled with in situ heating. Our results indicate that all these nanocages could be used with no observable changes up to 150 °C, with their facets still preserved at even higher temperatures. We observed the same behavior in all the nanocages under thermal stress: hole enlargement and atom migration toward the edges to create nanoframes. This transformation could be rationalized by the thermodynamic driving force to minimize surface free energy. The octahedral nanocages were found to be more stable by 50 °C than the icosahedral nanocages, suggesting that the thermal stability of such catalysts can be potentially optimized to extend their usage toward different applications at elevated temperatures.
Mixing Times of Critical Two‐Dimensional Potts Models
Authors: Gheissari Reza , Lubetzky Eyal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe study dynamical aspects of the q‐state Potts model on an n × n box at its critical βc(q). Heat‐bath Glauber dynamics and cluster dynamics such as Swendsen–Wang (that circumvent low‐temperature bottlenecks) are all expected to undergo “critical slowdowns” in the presence of periodic boundary conditions: the inverse spectral gap, which in the subcritical regime is O(1), should at criticality be polynomial in n for 1 < q ≤ 4, and exponential in n for q > 4 in accordance with the predicted discontinuous phase transition. This was confirmed for q = 2 (the Ising model) by the second author and Sly, and for sufficiently large q by Borgs et al.Here we show that the following holds for the critical Potts model on the torus: for q=3, the inverse gap of Glauber dynamics is nO(1); for q = 4, it is at most nO(log n); and for every q > 4 in the phase‐coexistence regime, the inverse gaps of both Glauber dynamics and Swendsen‐Wang dynamics are exponential in n.For free or monochromatic boundary conditions and large q, we show that the dynamics at criticality is faster than on the torus (unlike the Ising model where free/periodic boundary conditions induce similar dynamical behavior at all temperatures): the inverse gap of Swendsen‐Wang dynamics is exp(no(1)). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operationalizing Stakeholder Engagement in CSR: A Process Approach
Authors: Lane Anne Bridget , Devin Bree 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStakeholder engagement is an important aspect of an organization's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, but little theorizing informs its implementation. In this paper, the authors relate data from stakeholder engagement activities undertaken by nine Australian organizations as part of their CSR efforts, to an existing process model of engagement. The original framework is extended and enhanced into a process model of the operationalization of stakeholder engagement. Practically, this research identifies the steps within the operationalization of stakeholder engagement, allowing engagement practitioners to track the progress of their work, and to identify and respond to any impediments. Theoretically, the proposed process model approach presents a new perspective on operationalizing stakeholder engagement. The revised model of stakeholder engagement therefore provides a lens that gives deeper insights into how engagement is carried out; as well as a practical framework through which this implementation can be understood and managed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Corporate Social Responsibility Excites ‘Exponential’ Positive Employee Engagement: The Matthew Effect in CSR and Sustainable Policy
Authors: Zhou Zucheng , Luo Ben Nanfeng , Tang Thomas Li‐Ping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) captures an organization's commitment to and engagement with multiple stakeholders; integrates economic, social, and environmental concerns into sustainable policies; and enhances employee perceptions, emotions, long‐term value creation, and financial success. Most researchers have reported linear relationships between CSR and employee attitudes. Here, we test a new theory: After surpassing an upper bar, employee‐perceived CSR exponentially stimulates their organizational pride. Organizational pride has a positive and linear direct impact on job satisfaction and affective commitment, respectively. Perceived CSR exponentially excites job satisfaction and affective commitment indirectly through organizational pride. Data collected from 296 managers and employees in 12 diverse companies in China support our theory. Policymakers must develop a sustainable policy, nourish a conducive environment, and pursue CSR as a competitive advantage because at a high level, perceived CSR exponentially reaps intangible rewards, creating the positive Matthew Effect in CSR and sustainable policy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Selective Cooperation with Liquids for Environmentally Friendly and Comprehensive Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Parbat Dibyangana , Manna Uttam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA hydrophobic 3 D material having smart relationship with oil under water (having both water affinity and water repellency in absence and presence of oil), is developed here using a scalable and facile 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction between acrylate and amine groups at ambient conditions without using any catalyst. The material that was soaked with water in air is capable of absorbing both heavy and light oils with an efficiency above 1000 wt %, and the impregnated metastable aqueous phase was spontaneously and selectively ejected out from the material. This unprecedented super‐oil‐absorbance property remained intact in diverse scenarios, including extremes of temperature (100 and 10 °C), pressure (184.7 mbar), and prolonged (7 days) exposures to extremes of pH (1 and 12), surfactants‐contaminated (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl sulfate, DTAB/SDS, 1 mm) water, artificial sea water, etc. Furthermore, this super‐oil‐absorbent having outstanding durability was exploited also in demonstrations of comprehensive and facile clean‐up of oil from various forms of oil–water mixtures (i.e., floating light‐oil, sediment heavy‐oil, oil‐in‐water emulsions, etc.) in extremes and complex settings that are relevant to practical scenarios including marine oil spills, following ecofriendly and energy‐efficient selective‐absorption/active‐filtration principles.
An anonymous and robust multi‐server authentication protocol using multiple registration servers
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Islam SK Hafizul , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Biswas G. P. , Hsiao Kuei‐Fang 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe concept of multi‐server authentication includes multiple numbers of application servers. The registration/control server is the central point in such environment to provide smooth services to a limited number of legitimate users. However, this type of environment is inappropriate to handle unlimited users since the number of users may grow, and thus, the response time may be very high. To eliminate these shortcomings, we have modified the existing multi‐server authentication architecture and then designed a new scheme by including multiregistration server technique that can provide a smooth environment to support unlimited number of users. The main aspect of our design is to provide a secure authentication environment for multi‐server application using password and smartcard so that the participants can securely communicate with each other. The simulation results are obtained by executing our protocol using AVISPA tool. The results provide concrete evidence about the security safety against active and passive attacks. Furthermore, the justification of correctness of the freshness of the session key negotiation and the mutual authentication between the participants has done been evaluated with the BAN logic model. The comprehensive comparative analysis justifies our argument that our protocol has better applicability in multi‐server environments compared to other protocols with similar nature.
Analysis for higenamine in urine by means of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Interpretation of results
Authors: Grucza Krzysztof , Kwiatkowska Dorota , Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Wicka Mariola , Szutowski Mirosław , Chołbiński Piotr 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHigenamine (Norcoclaurine) is a very popular substance in Chinese medicine and is present in many plants. The substance may be also found in supplements or nutrients, consumption of which may result in violation of anti‐doping rules. Higenamine is prohibited in sport at all times and included in Class S3 (β‐2‐agonists) of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) 2017 Prohibited List. The presence of higenamine in urine samples at concentrations greater than or equal to 10 ng/mL constitutes an adverse analytical finding (AAF). This work presents a new metabolite of higenamine in urine sample which was identified by means of ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Samples were prepared according to 2 protocols – a Dilute and Shoot (DaS) approach and a method involving acid hydrolysis and double liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE). To meet the requirements typical for a confirmatory analysis, the screening procedure was further developed. In samples prepared by the DaS method, 2 peaks were observed; the earlier one was specific for higenamine and the later one unknown. MS scan analysis showed mass about 80 Da higher than that of higenamine. In turn, in samples prepared in accordance with the protocol involving hydrolysis, an increase in the area under peak for higenamine was observed, while the second peak was absent. It seems that the described strategy of detection of higenamine in urine avoids false negative results.
Uncovering state‐dependent relationships in shallow lakes using Bayesian latent variable regression
Authors: Vitense Kelsey , Hanson Mark A. , Herwig Brian R. , Zimmer Kyle D. , Fieberg John 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEcosystems sometimes undergo dramatic shifts between contrasting regimes. Shallow lakes, for instance, can transition between two alternative stable states: a clear state dominated by submerged aquatic vegetation and a turbid state dominated by phytoplankton. Theoretical models suggest that critical nutrient thresholds differentiate three lake types: highly resilient clear lakes, lakes that may switch between clear and turbid states following perturbations, and highly resilient turbid lakes. For effective and efficient management of shallow lakes and other systems, managers need tools to identify critical thresholds and state‐dependent relationships between driving variables and key system features. Using shallow lakes as a model system for which alternative stable states have been demonstrated, we developed an integrated framework using Bayesian latent variable regression (BLR) to classify lake states, identify critical total phosphorus (TP) thresholds, and estimate steady state relationships between TP and chlorophyll a (chl a) using cross‐sectional data. We evaluated the method using data simulated from a stochastic differential equation model and compared its performance to k‐means clustering with regression (KMR). We also applied the framework to data comprising 130 shallow lakes. For simulated data sets, BLR had high state classification rates (median/mean accuracy >97%) and accurately estimated TP thresholds and state‐dependent TP‐chl a relationships. Classification and estimation improved with increasing sample size and decreasing noise levels. Compared to KMR, BLR had higher classification rates and better approximated the TP‐chl a steady state relationships and TP thresholds. We fit the BLR model to three different years of empirical shallow lake data, and managers can use the estimated bifurcation diagrams to prioritize lakes for management according to their proximity to thresholds and chance of successful rehabilitation. Our model improves upon previous methods for shallow lakes because it allows classification and regression to occur simultaneously and inform one another, directly estimates TP thresholds and the uncertainty associated with thresholds and state classifications, and enables meaningful constraints to be built into models. The BLR framework is broadly applicable to other ecosystems known to exhibit alternative stable states in which regression can be used to establish relationships between driving variables and state variables.