bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLABRA2 transcription factor integrates arsenic tolerance with epidermal cell fate determination
Authors: Navarro Micaela Andrea , Navarro Cristina , Hernández Luis Eduardo , Garnica María , Franco‐Zorrilla José Manuel , Burko Yogev , González‐Serrano Sara , García‐Mina José M. , Pruneda‐Paz José , Chory Joanne , Leyva Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Arsenic poses a global threat to living organisms, compromising crop security and yield. Limited understanding of the transcriptional network integrating arsenic‐tolerance mechanisms with plant developmental responses hinders the development of strategies against this toxic metalloid.

Here, we conducted a high‐throughput yeast one‐hybrid assay using as baits the promoter region from the arsenic‐inducible genes ARQ1 and ASK18 from Arabidopsis thaliana, coupled with a transcriptomic analysis, to uncover novel transcriptional regulators of the arsenic response.

We identified the GLABRA2 (GL2) transcription factor as a novel regulator of arsenic tolerance, revealing a wider regulatory role beyond its established function as a repressor of root hair formation. Furthermore, we found that ANTHOCYANINLESS2 (ANL2), a GL2 subfamily member, acts redundantly with this transcription factor in the regulation of arsenic signaling. Both transcription factors act as repressors of arsenic response. gl2 and anl2 mutants exhibit enhanced tolerance and reduced arsenic accumulation. Transcriptional analysis in the gl2 mutant unveils potential regulators of arsenic tolerance.

These findings highlight GL2 and ANL2 as novel integrators of the arsenic response with developmental outcomes, offering insights for developing safer crops with reduced arsenic content and increased tolerance to this hazardous metalloid.
Genetic and epigenetic reprogramming in response to internal and external cues by induced transposon mobilization in Moso bamboo
Authors: Zou Long‐Hai , Zhu Bailiang , Chen Yaxin , Lu Yaping , Ramkrishnan Muthusamy , Xu Chao , Zhou Xiaohong , Ding Yiqian , Cho Jungnam , Zhou Mingbing 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Long terminal repeat retroelements (LTR‐REs) have profound effects on DNA methylation and gene regulation. Despite the vast abundance of LTR‐REs in the genome of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), an industrial crop in underdeveloped countries, their precise implication of the LTR‐RE mobility in stress response and development remains unknown.

We investigated the RNA and DNA products of LTR‐REs in Moso bamboo under various developmental stages and stressful conditions. Surprisingly, our analyses identified thousands of active LTR‐REs, particularly those located near genes involved in stress response and developmental regulation. These genes adjacent to active LTR‐REs exhibited an increased expression under stress and are associated with reduced DNA methylation that is likely affected by the induced LTR‐REs.

Moreover, the analyses of simultaneous mapping of insertions and DNA methylation showed that the LTR‐REs effectively alter the epigenetic status of the genomic regions where they inserted, and concomitantly their transcriptional competence which might impact the stress resilience and growth of the host.

Our work unveils the unusually strong LTR‐RE mobility in Moso bamboo and its close association with (epi)genetic changes, which supports the co‐evolution of the parasitic DNAs and host genome in attaining stress tolerance and developmental robustness.
Risk factors and incidence of oral tumors: Findings from a longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Kim Young‐Taek , Kang Min‐Jin , Lee Bo‐Ah , Kang Sang‐Hoon , Kim Reuben H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated risk factors contributed to benign and malignant oral tumors using longitudinal cohort big data.Materials and MethodsWe included individuals aged ≥40 years who participated in the National Health Examination in South Korea between 2003 and 2004. National Health Insurance claims data after 16 years were used to determine the incidence of oral tumors and the related risk factors. Hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsA total of 5,992,671 participants were included. The incidence of oral cancer was significantly higher in men and increased with age, whereas that of benign tumors was unaffected by sex and decreased with age. Periodontal disease was associated with the incidence of oral cancer but not benign tumors. Soft tissue diseases were associated with both benign and malignant tumors. Various systemic diseases influence the development of oral tumors. Light alcohol consumption reduced the incidence of oral tumors, whereas heavy alcohol consumption increased the incidence of malignant tumors only. Smoking increased the incidence of benign but not malignant tumors.ConclusionRecognized risk factors such as sex, age, comorbidities, and dental diseases were associated with oral tumors. Alcohol consumption and smoking were not significantly associated with malignant tumors.
The Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue OsRBOHE is crucial for root hair formation, drought resistance and tillering in rice
Authors: Zhao Xing‐Yu , Wang Han‐Qing , Shi Wen , Zhang Wen‐Wen , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRespiratory Burst Oxidase Homologues (RBOHs) are involved in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. How OsRBOHs affect root hair formation and consequently nutrient acquisition and drought resistance in rice is not well understood. We knocked out six OsRBOH genes in rice that were expressed in roots and identified OsRBOHE as the only one affecting root hair formation. OsRBOHE was strongly expressed in the root epidermis, root hairs and tiller buds. OsRBOHE is localised at the plasma membrane. Knockout of OsRBOHE decreased reactive oxygen species generation in the root hairs and tiller buds, downregulated genes involved in cell wall biogenesis, and decreased root hair length and tillering by 90% and 30%, respectively. Knockout of OsRBOHE decreased phosphorus acquisition only in low available P soil under aerobic conditions, but not in high P soil or under flooded conditions when P was likely not limited by diffusion. Knockout of OsRBOHE markedly decreased drought resistance of rice plants through the effect on root hair formation and the associated rhizosheath. Taken together, OsRBOHE is crucial for root hair formation and tillering and consequently on drought resistance in rice. The contribution of root hairs to P acquisition in rice is limited to aerobic soil.
Effectiveness of microneedle fractional radiofrequency combined with transcutaneous delivery of botulinum toxin in the management of post‐acne scars
Authors: Bai Limin , Xu Gang , Ge Hongmei , Li Pingsong , Han Qiwen , Hou Tuanjie , Lu Ke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐acne scars are a common sequela of acne, especially prevalent among young people. Delayed treatment not only affects self‐perception of beauty but also affects the mental health of patients.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) combined with botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) in managing post‐acne scars.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 63 adult patients with post‐acne scars, divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 30) and group 2 (n = 33). Group 1 received treatment with MFR combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A, whereas group 2 received treatment with MFR alone. The study observed the clinical outcomes in both groups.ResultsBased on experimental analysis, the combination of MFR with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A demonstrated superior clinical efficacy compared with group 2. There were no significant differences in baseline data or treatment‐related pain and adverse reactions between the two groups. However, group 1 exhibited a higher effectiveness rate, lower ECCA score after treatment, higher satisfaction levels, and statistically significant differences compared to group 2.ConclusionMFR combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A represents an effective and safe alternative for treating acne scars with minimal side effects and complications.Summary StatementPost‐acne scars are a common sequela of acne and combination therapy proves beneficial. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A can be considered an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of acne scars with minimal side effects and complications. It works together through microneedles, radiofrequency, and botulinum toxin. MFR combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A is based on the direct action of MFR on acne scars and the use of microneedle to create a transient skin microchannel, facilitating BoNT/A penetration into the skin.
Auriculotemporal neuralgia overlapped with chronic orofacial myofascial pain: A case report of a challenging diagnosis
Authors: da Fonte Tatiana Prosini , Herreira‐Ferreira Matheus , Freitas Adriana Coelho da Silva , Bonjardim Leonardo Rigoldi , Stuginski‐Barbosa Juliana , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimAuriculotemporal neuralgia (AN) is a rare condition characterized by severe, stabbing, unilateral pain inadequately described in the literature. Often coexisting with other conditions sharing the same innervation, and this overlap complicates clinical interpretation, leading to diagnostic errors and inappropriate therapeutic choices. The absence of AN in headache and facial pain diagnostic criteria hampers access to crucial information for diagnostic reasoning.Thus, we aimed to report a case of AN overlapped with another orofacial pain condition.Method and ResultWe present a case of overlap between chronic orofacial myofascial pain (MP) and AN, where conservative MP treatment did not provide the patient with complete pain relief. After diagnosing AN, a single anesthetic block induced complete pain remission over a 2‐year follow‐up.ConclusionThese findings support reintroducing AN into diagnostic criteria, aiding clinicians in diagnostic reasoning, and preventing unnecessary interventions.
Excess Healthcare Costs and Resource Utilisation of Lyme Borreliosis in Germany: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Brestrich Gordon , Diesing Joanna , Kossack Nils , Stark James H. , Pilz Andreas , Yu Holly , Suess Jochen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimLyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick‐borne disease in Germany; however, data on the economic burden of LB are limited. In this study, we aim to report healthcare costs, healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and diagnostic consumption associated with LB by clinical manifestation.MethodUsing specific case definitions, patients with localised disease (erythema migrans [EM]) or disseminated disease (Lyme arthritis [LA], Lyme neuroborreliosis [LNB] and other rarer manifestations [OTH]) were identified from a claims database in 2016 and followed up for 3 years (2016–2019). After propensity score matching, excess costs and HCRU were calculated as the differences between each LB cohort and the matched control cohort.ResultsOn a per‐patient basis, the excess all‐cause healthcare cost was €130 for EM during Quarter 1 of Year 1, and €1539 for LA, €3248 for LNB and €4137 for OTH during Year 1. Only for OTH, additional €1860 was observed in Year 2. No increase in costs was observed in Year 3. When extrapolated to all German patients with statutory health insurance, LB was associated with €64.5 million in excess costs. Although disseminated manifestations only accounted for 7.8% of all LB cases, they were responsible for 66% of overall costs. In addition, LB patients consumed healthcare resources of 1.4 million excess outpatient visits, 13,000 excess hospitalisations, 96,000 ELISAs and 65,000 Western blots.ConclusionThis study shows the substantial economic burden of LB to the German healthcare system.
Optimal resistor networks
Authors: Johnson J. Robert , Walters Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven a graph on vertices with edges, each of unit resistance, how small can the average resistance between pairs of vertices be? There are two very plausible extremal constructions — graphs like a star, and graphs which are close to regular — with the transition between them occurring when the average degree is 3. However, in this paper, we show that there are significantly better constructions for a range of average degree including average degree near 3. A key idea is to link this question to a analogous question about rooted graphs — namely ‘which rooted graph minimises the average resistance to the root?’. The rooted case is much simpler to analyse that the unrooted, and the one of the main results of this paper is that the two cases are asymptotically equivalent.
Evaluation of an Inverse Method for Quantifying Spatially Variable Mechanics
Authors: Pearce Daniel P. , Witzenburg Colleen M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Soft biological tissues often function as highly deformable membranes in vivo and exhibit impressive mechanical behavior effectively characterized by planar biaxial testing. The Generalized Anisotropic Inverse Mechanics (GAIM) method links full-field deformations and boundary forces from mechanical testing to quantify material properties of soft, anisotropic, heterogeneous tissues. In this study, we introduced an orthotropic constraint to GAIM to improve the quality and physical significance of its mechanical characterizations. We evaluated the updated GAIM method using simulated and experimental biaxial testing datasets obtained from soft tissue analogs (PDMS and TissueMend) with well-defined mechanical properties. GAIM produced stiffnesses (first Kelvin moduli, K1) that agreed well with previously published Young's moduli of PDMS samples. It also matched the stiffness moduli determined via uniaxial testing for TissueMend, a collagen-rich patch intended for tendon repair. We then conducted the first biaxial testing of TissueMend and confirmed that the sample was mechanically anisotropic via a relative anisotropy metric produced by GAIM. Next, we demonstrated the benefits of full-field laser micrometry in distinguishing between spatial variations in thickness and stiffness. Finally, we conducted an analysis to verify that results were independent of partitioning scheme. The success of the newly implemented constraints on GAIM suggests notable potential for applying this tool to soft tissues, particularly following the onset of pathologies that induce mechanical and structural heterogeneities.
Review of Blood and Fluid Warming Methods
Authors: Foust Emine , Dubey Rakesh , Homan Drew , Emerick Ludvig , Riddle Andrea , Vesy Keira 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Warming up blood and intravenous (IV) fluids is crucial to saving lives under certain circumstances as it may prevent hypothermia during the transfusion or infusion process. Several blood and IV fluids warming methods have been developed and studied over the past few decades. Such warming methods range from devices that use electrical energy (external or internal, i.e., using battery packs) to technologies that use chemical energy to generate heat. Additionally, improvised warming methods such as exposure to body heat are often used in lieu of electrical and nonelectrical warmers, especially in harsh and demanding environments such as in combat. The performance and efficacy of the various warming methods currently available vary greatly and a one-size-fits-all solution appears to be nonexistent. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the performance studies conducted on blood and IV fluids warming methods over the past few decades.
Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Older Adults’ Balance: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bertolini Rafael , Vercelino Rafael , Ferreira Luis Fernando , Telles da Rosa Luis Henrique 
Published: September 2024

Background: Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is considered a mind and body practice of Chinese origin, considered as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO, and recommended by the World Health Organization as a therapeutic approach to prevent falls. Objective: To assess the effects of TCC on older adult’s balance. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted by two independent reviewers using the ROB2 tool to assess the risk of bias under the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PEDro, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and LILACS. A meta-analysis of the selected articles for the dynamic and static balance criteria was conducted in a population of older adults (over 65 years) with publications from 2010 to 2024. Results: Eighteen randomized clinical trials fulfilled the criteria. TCC improves dynamic balance in the timed up and go and gait speeds tests, and static balance in the single-leg test and functional reach test when compared with the control group in the meta-analysis. Adverse events were found in only one study, and the training parameters were heterogeneous. Conclusion: TCC improves older adults with both dynamic and static balance. The results of the parameters indicate a direction in which TCC is prescribed for clinical practice with minimal or no risk of adverse effects.
Skeletal Loading: Lean and Bone Mass Development in Young Elite Male Gymnasts, Swimmers, and Nonathletes Aged 6–24 Years
Authors: Gannon Lisa , Hind Karen 
Published: September 2024

Background: Exercise optimizes peak bone mass accrual, particularly if the loading is high magnitude and distributed in abnormal directions. Little is known about the influence of early intense training in sport during peak bone mass accrual, especially in boys. Methods: Ninety-eight males aged 6–24 years (gymnasts, swimmers, and controls) completed the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire and a 7-day exercise diary. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry determined bone mineral properties of the total body (less head) and lumbar spine (LS, L1–L4) and total lean mass. Subgroup analyses were conducted for juniors (prepubescent), adolescents (11–16 y), and seniors (17–24 y). Results: Lean mass was positively associated with total body less head and LS bone outcomes in all 3 age groups (R2 = .632–.770, P < .05), and bone-specific physical activity questionnaire scores were associated with LS bone mineral density in adolescents and seniors (R2 = .440 and .591, P < .05). Senior gymnasts had significantly higher LS bone mineral density (in grams per square centimeter) and Z-scores than swimmers (P = .004) and controls (P = .012). Conclusions: Elite gymnastics is associated with superior peak bone mass accrual in young males. The benefits appear more pronounced during young adulthood compared with prepuberty, potentially reflecting an extended time course for bone adaptation.
A cardioviral 2C-ATP complex structure reveals the essential role of a conserved arginine in regulation of cardioviral 2C activity
Authors: He Qing-Yi , Zhao Hai-Fan , Meng Liang , Geng Zhi , Gao Zeng-Qiang , Qi Xin-Yu , Dong Yu-Hui , Zhang Heng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

2C is a highly conserved picornaviral non-structural protein with ATPase activity and plays a multifunctional role in the viral life cycle as a promising target for anti-picornavirus drug development. While the structure–function of enteroviral 2Cs have been well studied, cardioviral 2Cs remain largely uncharacterized. Here, an endogenous ATP molecule was identified in the crystal structure of 2C from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV, Cardiovirus A). The ATP is bound into the ATPase active site with a unique compact conformation. Notably, the γ-phosphate of ATP directly interacts with Arg311 (conserved in cardioviral 2Cs), and its mutation significantly inhibits the ATPase activity. Unexpectedly, this mutation remarkably promotes 2C self-oligomerization and viral replication efficiency. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the Arg311 side chain is highly dynamic, indicating it may function as a switch between the activation state and the inhibition state of ATPase activity. A hexameric ring model of EMCV 2C full length indicated that the C-terminal helix may get close to the N-terminal amphipathic helices to form a continuous positive region for RNA binding. The RNA-binding studies of EMCV 2C revealed that the RNA length is closely associated with the RNA-binding affinities and indicated that the substrate may wrap around the outer surface of the hexamer. Our studies provide a biochemical framework to guide the characterization of EMCV 2C and the essential role of arginine in cardioviral 2C functions.

IMPORTANCE
Encephalomyocarditis virus (Cardiovirus A) is the causative agent of the homonymous disease, which may induce myocarditis, encephalitis, and reproductive disorders in various mammals. 2C protein is functionally indispensable and a promising target for drug development involving broad-spectrum picornaviral inhibitors. Here, an endogenous ATP molecule with a unique conformation was discovered by a combination of protein crystallography and high-performance liquid chromatography in the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2C structure. Biochemical and structural characterization analysis of EMCV 2C revealed the critical role of conserved Arg311 in ATPase activity and self-oligomerization of EMCV 2C. The viral replication kinetics and infectivity study suggested that the residue negatively regulated the infectivity titer and virus encapsulation efficiency of EMCV and is, therefore, crucial for 2C protein to promote viral replication. Our systemic structure–function analysis provides unique insights into the function and regulation mechanism of cardioviral 2C protein.
Enterococcus faecalis
: an overlooked cell invader
Authors: Archambaud Cristel , Nunez Natalia , da Silva Ronni A. G. , Kline Kimberly A. , Serror Pascale 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY

Enterococcus faecalis
and
Enterococcus faecium
are human pathobionts that exhibit a dual lifestyle as commensal and pathogenic bacteria. The pathogenic lifestyle is associated with specific conditions involving host susceptibility and intestinal overgrowth or the use of a medical device. Although the virulence of
E. faecium
appears to benefit from its antimicrobial resistance,
E. faecalis
is recognized for its higher pathogenic potential.
E. faecalis
has long been considered a predominantly extracellular pathogen; it adheres to and is taken up by a wide range of mammalian cells, albeit with less efficiency than classical intracellular enteropathogens. Carbohydrate structures, rather than proteinaceous moieties, are likely to be primarily involved in the adhesion of
E. faecalis
to epithelial cells. Consistently, few adhesins have been implicated in the adhesion of
E. faecalis
to epithelial cells. On the host side, very little is known about cognate receptors, except for the role of glycosaminoglycans during macrophage infection. Several lines of evidence indicate that
E. faecalis
internalization may involve a zipper-like mechanism as well as a macropinocytosis pathway. Conversely,
E. faecalis
can use several strategies to prevent engulfment in phagocytes. However, the bacterial and host mechanisms underlying cell infection by
E. faecalis
are still in their infancy. The most recent striking finding is the existence of an intracellular lifestyle where
E. faecalis
can replicate within a variety of host cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of
E. faecalis
–host cell interactions and argue on the need for further mechanistic studies to prevent or reduce infections.