bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive quantification of ethylene in attached fruit headspace at 1 p.p.b. by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Pereira Lara , Pujol Marta , Garcia‐Mas Jordi , Phillips Michael A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryEthylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in defense, adaptations to environmental stress and fruit ripening. Its relevance to the latter makes its detection highly useful for physiologists interested in the onset of ripening. Produced as a sharp peak during the respiratory burst, ethylene is biologically active at tens of nl L−1. Reliable quantification at such concentrations generally requires specialized instrumentation. Here we present a rapid, high‐sensitivity method for detecting ethylene in attached fruit using a conventional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) system and in situ headspace collection chambers. We apply this method to melon (Cucumis melo L.), a unique species consisting of climacteric and non‐climacteric varieties, with a high variation in the climacteric phenotype among climacteric types. Using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from highly climacteric (‘Védrantais’, cantalupensis type) and non‐climacteric (‘Piel de Sapo’, inodorus type) parental lines, we observed a significant variation for the intensity, onset and duration of the ethylene burst during fruit ripening. Our method does not require concentration, sampling times over 1 h or fruit harvest. We achieved a limit of detection of 0.41 ± 0.04 nl L−1 and a limit of quantification of 1.37 ± 0.13 nl L−1 with an analysis time per sample of 2.6 min. Validation of the analytical method indicated that linearity (>98%), precision (coefficient of variation ≤2%) and sensitivity compared favorably with dedicated optical sensors. This study adds to evidence of the characteristic climacteric ethylene burst as a complex trait whose intensity in our RIL population lies along a continuum in addition to two extremes.
microRNAs contribute to enhanced salt adaptation of the autopolyploid Hordeum bulbosum compared with its diploid ancestor
Authors: Liu Beibei , Sun Genlou 
Published: March 2017

SummarySeveral studies have shown that autopolyploid can tolerate abiotic stresses better than its diploid ancestor. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly known. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate the target gene expression post‐transcriptionally and play a critical role in the response to abiotic stresses. Duplication of the whole genome can result in the expansion of miRNA families, and the innovative miRNA–target interaction is important for adaptive responses to various environments. We identified new microRNAs induced by genome duplication, that are also associated with stress response and the distinctive microRNA networks in tetraploid and diploid Hordeum bulbosum using high‐throughput sequencing. Physiological results showed that autotetraploid Hordeum bulbosum tolerated salt stress better than its diploid. Comparison of miRNAs expression between diploid and tetraploid check (CK) and salt stress revealed that five miRNAs affected by genome doubling were also involved in salt stress response. Of these, miR528b‐3p was only detected in the tetraploid, and downregulated under salt stress relative to that in tetraploid CK. Moreover, through target prediction, it was found that miR528b‐3p was not only involved in DNA replication and repair but also participated in salt stress response. Finally, by analyzing all the differentially expressed microRNAs and their targets, we also discovered distinguished microRNAs–target regulatory networks in diploid and tetraploid, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrated the critical role of microRNAs in autopolyploid to have better tolerance salt stress.
Short and Solid Culm/RFL/APO2 for culm development in rice
Authors: Wang Juan , Wang Ruci , Wang Yueming , Zhang Li , Zhang Li , Xu Yufang , Yao Shanguo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe culm development of rice is characterized by elongation and medullary cavity (MC) formation, which are determined by node formation meristem and residual meristem, respectively. Although many factors have been shown to affect culm elongation, molecules involved in MC formation remained to be identified. In this study, we show that a point mutation in SHORT and SOLID CULM (SSC), the rice homologue of Arabidopsis LFY, resulted in plants with drastically reduced culm length and completely abolished MC formation. Analysis of transgenic plants with moderately enhanced SSC expression revealed significant decreases in plant height and MC size in contrast to slight changes in heading date, indicating that the culm developmental process is much more tightly monitored by the gene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the differential expression of knotted‐1 like homeobox (KNOX) protein genes and gibberellin (GA) metabolic genes in the ssc mutant background, and most of the genes contained well‐conserved LFY‐binding cis‐elements that could be effectively recognized by SSC. Genetic analysis found that the reduced culm length of the mutant could be largely rescued by the GA‐accumulating mutation eui, whereas MC formation remained unchanged in the double mutant plants. Taken together, our results suggest that SSC affects culm elongation mainly through maintaining GA homeostasis, while functions in MC formation by mediating residual meristem activity possibly via the KNOX pathway. The present study provides a potential strategy for improving the culm morphology and plant architecture in rice by manipulating SSC and/or its downstream components.
Radius and ulna fracture repair with the IMEX miniature circular external skeletal fixation system in 37 small and toy breed dogs: A retrospective study
Authors: Bierens Denise , Unis Marcos D. , Cabrera Sady Y. , Kass Philip H. , Owen Tina J. , Mueller Maureen G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine outcome and prognostic factors after radius and ulna fracture repair with a modified IMEX miniature circular external skeletal fixation (MCESF) in small and toy breed dogs.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationThirty‐seven young small and toy breed dogs with 41 radial and ulnar fractures.MethodsRecords of radial and ulnar fractures repaired with a modified IMEX MCESF were reviewed. Constructs included 3‐4 complete rings, 2 threaded rods, 4 mm‐diameter nuts and 6‐8 transfixation wires. MCESF configuration, type of fracture reduction, dynamization of the apparatus, inclusion of a dowel pin, and implantation of allograft were recorded. Outcome measures included complications, limb alignment, time to clinical union, and functional outcomes, scored as excellent, good, fair, or poor.ResultsRadiographic union was achieved in 40/41 fractures. Fractures reached bony union within 33‐84 days after repair. Time to union was not influenced by the type of fracture reduction (P = .11), use of a dowel pin (P = .099), or implantation of an allograft (P = .45). Fracture dynamization delayed radiographic union (P = .0005). At implant removal, mean frontal (FPA) and mean sagittal plane alignments (SPA) were 7.9° ± 6.5° and 7.5° ± 5.8°, respectively. Limb alignment did not differ between radiographs obtained immediately after surgery and those obtained at time of radiographic union in the frontal (P = .062) or sagittal (P = .14) planes. Ninety‐five percent of cases had good‐to‐excellent outcomes, based on return to function at final re‐evaluations.ConclusionThis modified IMEX MCESF construct provided an effective alternative to treat young small and toy breed dogs with radius and ulna fractures.
Loss of Methyltransferase Function and Increased Efflux Activity Leads to Doxycycline Resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Webb Jessica R. , Price Erin P. , Currie Bart J. , Sarovich Derek S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The soil-dwelling bacterium
Burkholderia pseudomallei
is the causative agent of the potentially fatal disease melioidosis. The lack of a vaccine toward
B. pseudomallei
means that melioidosis treatment relies on prolonged antibiotic therapy, which can last up to 6 months in duration or longer. Due to intrinsic resistance, few antibiotics are effective against
B. pseudomallei
. The lengthy treatment regimen required increases the likelihood of resistance development, with subsequent potentially fatal relapse. Doxycycline (DOX) has historically played an important role in the eradication phase of melioidosis treatment. Both primary and acquired DOX resistances have been documented in
B. pseudomallei
; however, the molecular mechanisms underpinning DOX resistance have remained elusive. Here, we identify and functionally characterize the molecular mechanisms conferring acquired DOX resistance in an isogenic
B. pseudomallei
pair. Two synergistic mechanisms were identified. The first mutation occurred in a putative
S
-adenosyl-
l
-methionine-dependent methyltransferase (encoded by
BPSL3085
), which we propose leads to altered ribosomal methylation, thereby decreasing DOX binding efficiency. The second mutation altered the function of the efflux pump repressor gene,
amrR
, resulting in increased expression of the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump, AmrAB-OprA. Our findings highlight the diverse mechanisms by which
B. pseudomallei
can become resistant to antibiotics used in melioidosis therapy and the need for resistance monitoring during treatment regimens, especially in patients with prolonged or recrudesced positive cultures for
B. pseudomallei
.
Molecular β-Lactamase Characterization of Aerobic Gram-Negative Pathogens Recovered from Patients Enrolled in the Ceftazidime-Avibactam Phase 3 Trials for Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections, with Efficacies Analyzed against Susceptible and Resistant Subsets
Authors: Mendes Rodrigo E. , Castanheira Mariana , Woosley Leah N. , Stone Gregory G. , Bradford Patricia A. , Flamm Robert K. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The correlation of the clinical efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (plus metronidazole) with that of meropenem was evaluated in subjects infected with Gram-negative isolates having characterized β-lactam resistance mechanisms from the complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) phase 3 clinical trials.
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates displaying ceftriaxone and/or ceftazidime MIC values of ≥2 μg/ml and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates with ceftazidime MIC values of ≥16 μg/ml were characterized for extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) content.
Enterobacteriaceae
and
P. aeruginosa
isolates with imipenem and meropenem MIC values of ≥2 and ≥8 μg/ml, respectively, were tested for carbapenemase genes. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical cure at test of cure (TOC) among the members of the microbiologically modified intention-to-treat (mMITT) population. A total of 14.5% (56/387) and 18.8% (74/394) of patients in the ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem arms had isolates that met the MIC screening criteria at the baseline visit, respectively. CTX-M variants alone (29.7%; 41/138) or in combination with OXA-1/30 (35.5%; 49/138), most commonly,
bla
CTX-M
group 1 variants (79/90; 87.8%), represented the β-lactamases most frequently observed among
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates. Among the patients infected with pathogens that did not meet the screening criteria, 82.2% showed clinical cure in the ceftazidime-avibactam group versus 85.9% in the meropenem group. Among patients infected with any pathogens that met the MIC screening criteria, clinical cure rates at TOC were 87.5% and 86.5% for the ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem groups, respectively. Ceftazidime-avibactam had clinical cure rates of 92.5% to 90.5% among patients infected with ESBL- and/or carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
strains at the baseline visit, while meropenem showed rates of 84.9% to 85.4%. The ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem groups had cure rates of 75.0% and 86.7%, respectively, among patients having any pathogens producing AmpC enzymes. The efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam was similar to that of meropenem for treatment of cIAI caused by ESBL-producing organisms. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01499290 and NCT01500239.)
Focal Macroscopic Cortical Lesions in Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Lyoubi-Idrissi Aicha , De Guio François , Chabriat Hugues , Jouvent Eric 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
Cortical microinfarcts and secondary cortical degeneration have been demonstrated in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a severe monogenic cerebral small vessel disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether focal macroscopic cortical lesions can be detected using a specific in vivo magnetic resonance imaging approach.

Methods—
Three-dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained in 28 nondemented nondisabled CADASIL patients and 29 age- and sex-matched controls. The cortical mantle of patients and controls were extracted using Brainvisa by an experienced user and then evaluated during a dedicated reading session by a second reader after removing the white matter to stay blind to the clinical status. Thereafter, confirmed focal macroscopic cortical lesions were characterized using all available imaging data, including 7-T magnetic resonance imaging in some patients.

Results—
Three focal macroscopic cortical lesions were confirmed in 3 of 28 patients (11%) but none in controls. All lesions were observed in the close vicinity of severe signal changes in the underlying white matter.

Conclusions—
Focal macroscopic cortical lesions can be detected using specific magnetic resonance imaging approaches in CADASIL patients long before the end stage of the disorder. The underlying mechanisms and precise clinical consequences of these cortical changes still need to be determined.
Radiographic Evidence of Occult Intracranial Hypertension in Patients with Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Tawfik Kareem O. , Stevens Shawn M. , Mihal David , Costello Mark S. , Cornelius Rebecca S. , Samy Ravi N. , Pensak Myles L. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives(1) Describe the prevalence of radiographic signs of intracranial hypertension (ICH) in Ménière’s disease (MD) and (2) compare the prevalence of radiographic signs of ICH in MD patients managed medically to those managed surgically.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingAcademic neurotologic practice.Subjects and MethodsAdult MD patients (aged ≥17 years) treated from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. Inclusion required magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and follow‐up >6 months. Patients with intracranial tumors, mass effect, trauma, previous intracranial surgery, and glaucoma were excluded. MD patients were separated by administered treatment into medical and surgical subgroups. Cochlear implant (CI) recipients served as radiographic controls. Eighty‐four MD patients (46 surgical, 38 medical) and 37 CI controls were assessed. MRI measurements assessed for empty/partial sella (ES/PS), dilated/tortuous optic nerve sheath (ONS), and posterior globe flattening (PGF).ResultsMean age was 53.8 ± 1.3 years and median body mass index (BMI) was 28.2 kg/m2. Of the patients, 64% were female and 92% were white. MRI findings in the MD cohort were as follows: ES/PS, 46.4%; ONS change, 42.8%; and PGF, 8.3%. The prevalence of ONS change was higher in MD patients than in controls (42.8% vs 13.5%, P =. 003). The surgical MD group had higher prevalence of ONS change (52%) compared with the medical group (31.5%, P =. 05) and controls (13.5%, P =. 0004). The surgical group had a higher prevalence of ≥2 simultaneous MRI findings compared with medical MD patients (39% vs 10%, P =. 01) and controls (14%, P =. 01).ConclusionMD patients demonstrate a high prevalence of radiographic signs of ICH. MD patients who required surgery had a greater prevalence of radiographic signs of ICH compared with non‐MD patients and medically managed MD patients.
Synthesis of ultramarine pigments from Na-A zeolite derived from kaolin waste from the Amazon
Authors: Menezes R.A. , Paz S.P.A. , Angélica R.S. , Neves R.F. , Neumann R. , Faulstich F.R.L. , Pergher S.B.C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUltramarine pigments were synthesized successfully from Na-A zeolite derived from kaolin waste. Na-A zeolite encapsulates the sulfur species formed and which act as chromophores, which circumvents their oxidation and the subsequent liberation of high levels of toxic gases during the reaction. Different Na-A zeolite matrices with various grain sizes (fine to coarse) were mixed with sulfur and sodium carbonate in various proportions to study the influence of these variables on the pigments’ colours and hues. After calcination at 500°C for 5 h, the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy and were classified by the Munsell system (colour and hue). Products with colour ranging from blue to green with various hues were obtained. Both colour and hue were affected by the amount of additives and by the particle size.
Genetic profiling of MYC and BCL2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma determines cell-of-origin–specific clinical impact
Authors: Ennishi Daisuke , Mottok Anja , Ben-Neriah Susana , Shulha Hennady P. , Farinha Pedro , Chan Fong Chun , Meissner Barbara , Boyle Merrill , Hother Christoffer , Kridel Robert , Lai Daniel , Saberi Saeed , Bashashati Ali , Shah Sohrab P. , Morin Ryan D. , Marra Marco A. , Savage Kerry J. , Sehn Laurie H. , Steidl Christian , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Scott David W. 
Published: March 2017

Key Points
MYC and BCL2 genetic alterations are associated with COO subtype-specific clinical effect in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL.
Outcome of Lower-Risk Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes Without 5q Deletion After Failure of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents
Authors: Park Sophie , Hamel Jean-François , Toma Andrea , Kelaidi Charikleia , Thépot Sylvain , Campelo Maria Diez , Santini Valeria , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Balleari Enrico , Kaivers Jennifer , Sapena Rosa , Götze Katharina , Müller-Thomas Catharina , Beyne-Rauzy Odile , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Komrokji Rami , Steensma David P. , Fensterl Jaime , Roboz Gail J. , Bernal Teresa , Ramos Fernando , Calabuig Marisa , Guerci-Bresler Agnès , Bordessoule Dominique , Cony-Makhoul Pascale , Cheze Stéphane , Wattel Eric , Rose Christian , Vey Norbert , Gioia Daniela , Ferrero Dario , Gaidano Gianluca , Cametti Giovanni , Pane Fabrizio , Sanna Alessandro , Germing Ulrich , Sanz Guillermo F. , Dreyfus François , Fenaux Pierre 
Published: March 2017

PurposeMost anemic patients with non-deleted 5q lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), with a response rate of approximately 50%. Second-line treatments, including hypomethylating agents (HMAs), lenalidomide (LEN), and investigational drugs, may be used after ESA failure in some countries, but their effect on disease progression and overall survival (OS) is unknown. Here, we analyzed outcome after ESA failure and the effect of second-line treatments.Patients and MethodsWe examined an international retrospective cohort of 1,698 patients with non-del(5q) lower-risk MDS treated with ESAs.ResultsErythroid response to ESAs was 61.5%, and median response duration was 17 months. Of 1,147 patients experiencing ESA failure, 653 experienced primary failure and 494 experienced relapse after a response. Primary failure of ESAs was associated with a higher risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression, which did not translate into an OS difference. Of 450 patients (39%) who received second-line treatment, 194 received HMAs, 148 received LEN, and 108 received other treatments (MISC), whereas 697 received RBC transfusions only. Five-year AML cumulative incidence was 20.3%, 20.3%, and 11.3% for those receiving HMAs, LEN, and MISC, respectively ( P = .05). Five-year OS for patients receiving HMA, LEN, and MISC was 36.5%, 41.7%, and 51%, respectively ( P = .21). In a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, revised International Prognostic Scoring System score, and progression at ESA failure, there was no significant OS difference among the three groups.ConclusionIn this large, multicenter, retrospective cohort of patients with non-del(5q) lower-risk MDS treated with ESAs, none of the most commonly used second-line treatments (HMA and LEN) significantly improved OS. Early failure of ESAs was associated with a higher risk of AML progression.
Mapeamento dos geossistemas e dos sistemas antrópicos como subsídio ao estudo de áreas com riscos a inundações no baixo curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Muriaé (Rio de Janeiro – Brasil)
Authors: Amorim Raul Reis , Reis Claudio Henrique , Ferreira Carmen 
Published: March 2017

Os elementos presentes na paisagem natural e antrópica podem ser indicativos de áreas sujeitas a inundações no baixo curso da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Muriaé (RJ). Elaboramos o mapeamento temático que tornou possível identificar elementos naturais e sociais que evidenciam o risco à inundação e alagamentos, bem como suas amplitudes e intensidades. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_24_7
CCD Photometry of the Open Cluster Tombaugh 5 in the Vilnius System
Authors: Zdanavičius J. , Vrba F. J. , Zdanavičius K. , Straižys V. , Boyle R. P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present the results of eight-color CCD photometry of 674 stars in the direction of the open cluster Tombaugh 5 in Camelopardalis. The stars are observed in the Vilnius system supplemented by the broad-band I filter; the field is of 22’ diameter, the limiting magnitude is V =17.7 mag. The catalog contains the coordinates, V magnitudes, seven color indices, two-dimensional spectral types determined from photometric parameters, interstellar extinctions and distances. The color-magnitude diagram plotted for 480 individually dereddened stars is used to identify cluster members and to determine the distance (1.74 kpc) and age (200-250 Myr) of the cluster. The faintest cluster stars classified are of spectral class G0. The cluster contains two blue stragglers of spectral classes B2-B4, both of them seem to be visual binaries. The extinction A
Dark Matter
Authors: Einasto J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
I give a review of the development of the concept of dark matter. The dark matter story passed through several stages from a minor observational puzzle to a major challenge for theory of elementary particles. Modern data suggest that dark matter is the dominant matter component in the Universe, and that it consists of some unknown non-baryonic particles. Dark matter is the dominant matter component in the Universe, thus properties of dark matter particles determine the structure of the cosmic web.
Some Relations Between the Stockholm and Tartu Observatories During the 19th Century
Authors: Lindberg Michael 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article introduces the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the old Stockholm Observatory. It focuses on the Swedish astronomers Jöns Svanberg and Nils H. Selander, and on their work with the Struve Geodetic Arc. The particular relations to the Tartu Observatory through Oskar Backlund and the contemporary Swedish astronomers in Stockholm are traced.
Equivalent width Measurements in Optical Spectra of Galaxies in Local Clusters: Hints On the Star Formation History in Clusters
Authors: Fritz Jacopo , Poggianti Bianca M. , Cava Antonio , Moretti Alessia 
Published: March 2017

Abstract Equivalent widths of spectral lines in the optical spectra of galaxies are commonly used to characterize their stellar populations and to get some insight on their evolution. Here we describe a new method to measure automatically equivalent widths of spectral lines with a good accuracy. This makes possible to classify galaxies according to the presence/absence and intensity of [O II] and Hδ lines. Based on these classification criteria, we give a description of the characteristics of the star-forming and post-starburst galaxies in local clusters, and their dependence on the cluster characteristics.