bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing evidence on the agronomic and environmental impacts of turfgrass irrigation management
Authors: Gómez‐Armayones C. , Kvalbein A. , Aamlid T. S. , Knox J. W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, rising competition for water coupled with new environmental regulations has exerted pressure on water allocations for turfgrass irrigation. In this article, we reviewed published scientific and industry evidence on the agronomic and environmental impacts of turfgrass irrigation using a robust systematic review methodology. Our focus was on the links between (i) irrigation management (amount and frequency), (ii) agronomic responses to irrigation (turf quality, growth rates and rooting) and (iii) environmental impacts (nitrogen leaching). Based on an initial screening of 653 studies and data extracted from 83 papers, our results show that in most cases, under moderate levels of deficit irrigation (50%–60% of actual evapotranspiration), turf quality can be maintained at an acceptable level but with lower water consumption compared to irrigating back to field capacity. Irrigation beyond field capacity was found to increase the risk of nutrient leaching. However, evidence also showed that the concentration and total loss of in leachate were influenced more by nitrogen (N) rates, soil characteristics, turfgrass species and turfgrass growth rates than by irrigation practices. Our analyses suggest that turfgrass irrigation should be scheduled to apply water at moderate levels of deficit irrigation, sufficient to maintain turfgrass quality but limited to promote a deep and extensive rooting system. The findings provide new insights and valuable evidence for both scientists and practitioners involved in turfgrass research and management.
Interaction of slip‐ and flame‐spray coated carbon‐bonded alumina filters with steel melts
Authors: Gehre Patrick , Schmidt Anne , Dudczig Steffen , Hubálková Jana , Aneziris Christos G. , Child Nick , Delaney Ian , Rancoule Gilbert , DeBastiani Duane 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCeramic foam filters play an essential role in the quest for cleanliness of cast steel parts as they facilitate turbulence reduction during mold filling as well as removal of nonmetallic inclusions. A coating on these filters is able to increase their strength and filtration efficiency by improving the adhesion of inclusions to the filter strands. In this study, Al2O3‐C filters were coated with an alumina slip via slip and flame spraying. The phase composition and the microstructure of the coatings were investigated before and after immersion into molten steel contained in a metal casting simulator. After contact with molten steel, Al2O3‐C reference filter shows intense decarburization which often influence the quality of cast steel parts due to formation of gas bubbles. Slip‐sprayed alumina coatings on such a filter promote the deposition of inclusions due to formation of a vitreous alumina layer but will also cause gas bubble formation as they exhibit a high porosity. Flame‐spray coatings have low porosity and hence, prevent formation of gas bubbles. Furthermore, they showed the highest reactivity toward the steel melt and hence, are recommended for filtration of cast products with a high demand on cleanliness.
Increased free Zn2+ correlates induction of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum stress via altered expression levels of Zn2+‐transporters in heart failure
Authors: Olgar Yusuf , Durak Aysegul , Tuncay Erkan , Bitirim Ceylan Verda , Ozcinar Evren , Inan Mustafa Bahadir , Tokcaer‐Keskin Zeynep , Akcali Kamil Can , Akar Ahmet Ruchan , Turan Belma 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZn2+‐homoeostasis including free Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) is regulated through Zn2+‐transporters and their comprehensive understanding may be important due to their contributions to cardiac dysfunction. Herein, we aimed to examine a possible role of Zn2+‐transporters in the development of heart failure (HF) via induction of ER stress. We first showed localizations of ZIP8, ZIP14 and ZnT8 to both sarcolemma and S(E)R in ventricular cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) using confocal together with calculated Pearson's coefficients. The expressions of ZIP14 and ZnT8 were significantly increased with decreased ZIP8 level in HF. Moreover, [Zn2+]i was significantly high in doxorubicin‐treated H9c2 cells compared to their controls. We found elevated levels of ER stress markers, GRP78 and CHOP/Gadd153, confirming the existence of ER stress. Furthermore, we measured markedly increased total PKC and PKCα expression and PKCα‐phosphorylation in HF. A PKC inhibition induced significant decrease in expressions of these ER stress markers compared to controls. Interestingly, direct increase in [Zn2+]i using zinc‐ionophore induced significant increase in these markers. On the other hand, when we induced ER stress directly with tunicamycin, we could not observe any effect on expression levels of these Zn2+ transporters. Additionally, increased [Zn2+]i could induce marked activation of PKCα. Moreover, we observed marked decrease in [Zn2+]i under PKC inhibition in H9c2 cells. Overall, our present data suggest possible role of Zn2+ transporters on an intersection pathway with increased [Zn2+]i and PKCα activation and induction of HF, most probably via development of ER stress. Therefore, our present data provide novel information how a well‐controlled [Zn2+]i via Zn2+ transporters and PKCα can be important therapeutic approach in prevention/treatment of HF.
Soft tissue volume gain around dental implants using autogenous subepithelial connective tissue grafts harvested from the lateral palate or tuberosity area. A randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Rojo Ernest , Stroppa Giorgio , Sanz‐Martin Ignacio , Gonzalez‐Martín Oscar , Alemany Antonio Santos , Nart José 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the soft tissue volume gain (VG) around single tooth implants with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) from either the lateral palate (LP) or from the tuberosity area (TA).MethodsThirty‐two patients with 36 implants with buccal volume deficiencies were randomly assigned to receive SCTG from LP (control group/CG) or TA (test group/TG). Clinical parameters were recorded. VG was evaluated by stereolithography (STL) image superimposition of two intraoral scans (baseline/BL and 3 months after surgery/FU‐3). Descriptive analysis was performed for both groups, and for comparisons, Mann–Whitney U test was used.ResultsIn terms of VG values, no statistically significant differences were observed except for values at 6 and 7 mm apically to the healing abutment which favoured the TG. Mean values were 0.69 ± 0.23 mm for CG while TG obtained 0.79 ± 0.10 mm (p = .64). Regarding Keratinized tissue (KT) width statistical significant differences were found favouring TG, which obtained a gain of 0.83 ± 0.61 mm compared with 0.22 ± 0.48 mm for CG (p = .009). Pink esthetic scores resulted in mean values of 10.07 ± 2.19 for the CG, while TG obtained 9.15 ± 2.34.ConclusionsBoth procedures were effective in increasing soft tissue volume with no statistically significant differences. A longer follow‐up is needed to confirm or refute these results.
The impact of broadband and other infrastructure on the location of new business establishments
Authors: McCoy Daire , Lyons Sean , Morgenroth Edgar , Palcic Donal , Allen Leonie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of broadband infrastructure, along with a range of other local characteristics such as motorways and other infrastructure, availability of human capital, and access to third‐level educational facilities, on the location of new business establishments. The sample period spans the introduction and recent history of broadband in Ireland. The results indicate that the availability of broadband infrastructure is a significant determinant, but its effects may be mediated by the presence of sufficiently high human capital in an area.
Deliberate Trust and Intuitive Faith: A Dual‐Process Model of Reliance
Authors: Stoltz Dustin S. , Lizardo Omar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrawing on the dual process framework from social and cognitive psychology, this paper reconciles two distinct conceptualizations of trust prevalent in the literature: “rational” calculative and irrational “affective” or normative. After critically reviewing previous attempts at reconciliation between these distinctions, we argue that the notion of trust as “reliance” is the higher order category of which “deliberate trust” and “intuitive faith” are subtypes. Our revised approach problematizes the conflation of epistemic uncertainty with phenomenological uncertainty while providing sound footing for a key sociological insight: that reliance on the routine social order is both the cognitive default and based on substantial practical evidence. We develop two broad suggestions for future research from these implications: (1) sociological research should examine the role of intuitive faith—as opposed to deliberate trust—in late modern societies, and (2) analysts should challenge the role of deliberate trust as the “modal” form of reliance in contemporary research.
Fosfomycin residues in colostrum: Impact on morpho‐physiology and microbiology of suckling piglets
Authors: Fernández Paggi M. B. , Martínez G. , Diéguez S. N. , Pérez Gaudio D. S. , Decundo J. M. , Riccio M. B. , Amanto F. A. , Tapia M. O. , Soraci A. L. 
Published: January 2018

Fosfomycin is a broad‐spectrum bactericidal antibiotic widely used in pig farms for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. In this study, the elimination of disodium fosfomycin in colostrum/milk of the sow and the impact of this antibiotic on the microbiota and intestinal morpho‐physiology of suckling piglets were analyzed. The average amount of fosfomycin eliminated in colostrum (after administration of 15 mg/kg IM) during the first 10 hr postpartum was 0.85 μg/ml, and the mean residual amount ingested by the piglets was 0.26 mg/kg. The elimination profile of fosfomycin concentrations in colostrum occurs at a time of profound changes in the morpho‐physiology of the gastrointestinal tract of the piglet. However, the studied concentrations did not produce imbalances on the microbiota or on the morpho‐physiology of the gastrointestinal tract of the piglet. Concentrations of fosfomycin were maintained in the mammary gland above the MIC for more than 8 hr for pathogenic bacteria of productive importance. This would indicate that fosfomycin may be considered safe for the specific treatment of bacterial infectious processes in sows during the peri‐ and postpartum period. This first study with disodium fosfomycin stimulates awareness in the proper use of antimicrobials at farrowing.
Genetic Improvement and Breeding Practices for Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Wang Jun , Xu Pao , Zhou Gang , Li Xiaodong , Lu Quanping , Liu Xu , Zhou Jun , Wang Chenghui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is an important freshwater cultured crab in China with an annual production of approximately 800,000 m.t. and a value of 5 billion US dollars in 2014. The germplasm admixture and degeneration of E. sinensis are the most critical factors that restrict its aquaculture industry. Thus, genetic improvement programs of E. sinensis were initiated in 2000. The Ministry of Agriculture of China approved five selected varieties of E. sinensis, which are currently cultured throughout China and cover nearly 10% of the total yield of E. sinensis. The aquaculture status, genetic improvement practices, and achievement in E. sinensis aquaculture in China during the past 15 yr are summarized in this review.
Shock history of the fossil ungrouped achondrite Österplana 065: Raman spectroscopy and TEM of relict chrome‐spinel grains
Authors: Rout Surya S. , Heck Philipp R. , Schmitz Birger 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChrome‐spinel grains from the fossil ungrouped achondrite Österplana 065 (Öst 065) recovered from Middle Ordovician limestone in Sweden were studied using Raman spectroscopy and TEM. All the studied chrome‐spinel grains have a high density of planar fractures and planar features, not seen in chromites from the other L chondritic Ordovician fossil meteorites. Raman spectra of the host chrome‐spinel grain and its planar features are similar and no signatures of high‐pressure phases of chromite were found. The planar features occur along planar fractures, are enriched in ZnO, and are most probably produced due to enhanced leaching during terrestrial weathering in the marine sediment. Dislocation densities within two FIB sections prepared from two chrome‐spinel grains from Öst 065 are similar to the dislocation densities found within chromite grains from the matrix of Tenham L6 chondrite. Using this observation and taking into account the presence of significant fracturing in all the grains, we conclude that the Öst 065 chrome‐spinel grains were subjected to moderate to very strong shock corresponding to shock stages of S4–S6. This makes Öst 065 fossil achondrite the highest shocked fossil meteorite studied so far. This is consistent with the hypothesis that Öst 065 is a piece of the impactor that led to the L chondrite parent body breakup.
Cryptic species as a window into the paradigm shift of the species concept
Authors: Fišer Cene , Robinson Christopher T. , Malard Florian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe species concept is the cornerstone of biodiversity science, and any paradigm shift in the delimitation of species affects many research fields. Many biologists now are embracing a new “species” paradigm as separately evolving populations using different delimitation criteria. Individual criteria can emerge during different periods of speciation; some may never evolve. As such, a paradigm shift in the species concept relates to this inherent heterogeneity in the speciation process and species category—which is fundamentally overlooked in biodiversity research. Cryptic species fall within this paradigm shift: they are continuously being reported from diverse animal phyla but are poorly considered in current tests of ecological and evolutionary theory. The aim of this review is to integrate cryptic species in biodiversity science. In the first section, we address that the absence of morphological diversification is an evolutionary phenomenon, a “process” counterpart to the long‐studied mechanisms of morphological diversification. In the next section regarding taxonomy, we show that molecular delimitation of cryptic species is heavily biased towards distance‐based methods. We also stress the importance of formally naming of cryptic species for better integration into research fields that use species as units of analysis. Finally, we show that incorporating cryptic species leads to novel insights regarding biodiversity patterns and processes, including large‐scale biodiversity assessments, geographic variation in species distribution and species coexistence. It is time for incorporating multicriteria species approaches aiming to understand speciation across space and taxa, thus allowing integration into biodiversity conservation while accommodating for species uncertainty.
Stallion semen quality depends on major histocompatibility complex matching to teaser mare
Authors: Jeannerat E. , Marti E. , Berney C. , Janett F. , Bollwein H. , Sieme H. , Burger D. , Wedekind C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has repeatedly been found to influence mate choice of vertebrates, with MHC‐dissimilar mates typically being preferred over MHC‐similar mates. We used horses (Equus caballus) to test whether MHC matching also affects male investment into ejaculates after short exposure to a female. Semen characteristics varied much among stallions. Controlling for this variance with a full‐factorial within‐subject experimental design, we found that a short exposure to an MHC‐dissimilar mare enhanced male plasma testosterone and led to ejaculates with elevated sperm numbers as compared to exposure to an MHC‐similar mare. Sperm velocity seemed not affected by the treatment. Overall genetic similarity between stallions and mares (determined from polymorphic microsatellites on 20 different chromosomes) played no significant role here. The MHC type of the teaser mare also affected characteristics of cold‐stored sperm after 24 and 48 hr. As expected from ejaculate economics, sperm viability was elevated after exposure to an MHC‐dissimilar mare. However, oxidative stress and the percentage of sperm with a high DNA fragmentation were mostly increased after exposure to an MHC‐dissimilar mare, depending also on whether the teaser mare was in oestrous or not. We conclude that males can quickly adjust ejaculate quality relative to a female's MHC, and that this male reaction to the social environment can also affect important characteristics of cold‐stored semen.
Early burst in body size evolution is uncoupled from species diversification in diving beetles (Dytiscidae)
Authors: Désamoré Aurélie , Laenen Benjamin , Miller Kelly B. , Bergsten Johannes 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChanges in morphology are often thought to be linked to changes in species diversification, which is expected to leave a signal of early burst (EB) in phenotypic traits. However, such signal is rarely recovered in empirical phylogenies, even for groups with well‐known adaptive radiation. Using a comprehensive phylogenetic approach in Dytiscidae, which harbours ~4,300 species with as much as 50‐fold variation in body size among them, we ask whether pattern of species diversification correlates with morphological evolution. Additionally, we test whether the large variation in body size is linked to habitat preference and whether the latter influences species turnover. We found, in sharp contrast to most animal groups, that Dytiscidae body size evolution follows an early‐burst model with subsequent high phylogenetic conservatism. However, we found no evidence for associated shifts in species diversification, which point to an uncoupled evolution of morphology and species diversification. We recovered the ancestral habitat of Dytiscidae as lentic (standing water), with many transitions to lotic habitat (running water) that are concomitant to a decrease in body size. Finally, we found no evidence for difference in net diversification rates between habitats nor difference in turnover in lentic and lotic species. This result, together with recent findings in dragonflies, contrasts with some theoretical expectations of the habitat stability hypothesis. Thus, a thorough reassessment of the impact of dispersal, gene flow and range size on the speciation process is needed to fully encompass the evolutionary consequences of the lentic–lotic divide for freshwater fauna.
A guide to calculating habitat‐quality metrics to inform conservation of highly mobile species
Authors: Bieri J. A. , Sample C. , Thogmartin W. E. , Diffendorfer J. E. , Earl J. E. , Erickson R. A. , Federico P. , Flockhart D. T. T. , Nicol S. , Semmens D. , Skraber T. , Wiederholt R. , Mattsson B. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany metrics exist for quantifying the relative value of habitats and pathways used by highly mobile species. Properly selecting and applying such metrics requires substantial background in mathematics and understanding the relevant management arena. To address this multidimensional challenge, we demonstrate and compare three measurements of habitat quality: graph‐, occupancy‐, and demographic‐based metrics. Each metric provides insights into system dynamics, at the expense of increasing amounts and complexity of data and models. Our descriptions and comparisons of diverse habitat‐quality metrics provide means for practitioners to overcome the modeling challenges associated with management or conservation of such highly mobile species. Whereas previous guidance for applying habitat‐quality metrics has been scattered in diversified tracks of literature, we have brought this information together into an approachable format including accessible descriptions and a modeling case study for a typical example that conservation professionals can adapt for their own decision contexts and focal populations.Considerations for Resource ManagersManagement objectives, proposed actions, data availability and quality, and model assumptions are all relevant considerations when applying and interpreting habitat‐quality metrics.Graph‐based metrics answer questions related to habitat centrality and connectivity, are suitable for populations with any movement pattern, quantify basic spatial and temporal patterns of occupancy and movement, and require the least data.Occupancy‐based metrics answer questions about likelihood of persistence or colonization, are suitable for populations that undergo localized extinctions, quantify spatial and temporal patterns of occupancy and movement, and require a moderate amount of data.Demographic‐based metrics answer questions about relative or absolute population size, are suitable for populations with any movement pattern, quantify demographic processes and population dynamics, and require the most data.More real‐world examples applying occupancy‐based, agent‐based, and continuous‐based metrics to seasonally migratory species are needed to better understand challenges and opportunities for applying these metrics more broadly.
The frequency of family meals and nutritional health in children: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Dallacker M. , Hertwig R. , Mata J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryFindings on the relationship between family meal frequency and children's nutritional health are inconsistent. The reasons for these mixed results have to date remained largely unexplored. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of 57 studies (203,706 participants) examines (i) the relationship between family meal frequency and various nutritional health outcomes and (ii) two potential explanations for the inconsistent findings: sociodemographic characteristics and mealtime characteristics. Separate meta‐analyses revealed significant associations between higher family meal frequency and better overall diet quality (r = 0.13), more healthy diet (r = 0.10), less unhealthy diet (r = −0.04) and lower body mass index, BMI (r = −0.05). Child's age, country, number of family members present at meals and meal type (i.e. breakfast, lunch or dinner) did not moderate the relationship of meal frequency with healthy diet, unhealthy diet or BMI. Socioeconomic status only moderated the relationship with BMI. The findings show a significant relationship between frequent family meals and better nutritional health – in younger and older children, across countries and socioeconomic groups, and for meals taken with the whole family vs. one parent. Building on these findings, research can now target the causal direction of the relationship between family meal frequency and nutritional health.