bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Cardiac Siderosis in a Thalassemia-Major Endemic Population: A Preliminary Report From Pakistan
Authors: Alvi Najveen , Tipoo Fateh A. , Imran Ahmed , Ashraf Muhammad N. , Qidwai Asim , Khursheed Mohammed , Moiz Bushra , Adil Salman N. , Fadoo Zehra , Altaf Sadaf , Pennell Dudley J. , Hasan Babar S. 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To describe the initial experience and demographics of T2* cardiac magnetic resonance–based myocardial-iron quantification of transfusion-dependent thalassemia-major (TM) patients from Pakistan and the correlation with serum ferritin.

Methods:
Eligible TM patients presenting between April 2014 and April 2015 to Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan, for T2*CMR were included. The severity of myocardial-iron deposition was defined as follows: normal T2*>20 ms, mild-moderate T2*10 to 20 ms, and severe T2*<10 ms. Cardiac symptoms were classified using the NYHA functional classification. Echocardiographic systolic and diastolic functions were performed. Continuous variables were presented as the median (minimum-maximum value). Correlation was measured using the Spearman rank correlation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with the NYHA functional class.

Results:
A total of 83 patients (49 male and 34 female) with TM, age 19 (5 to 45) years at presentation for T2*CMR, were reviewed. At presentation, 70% of the patients were classified as NYHA class II or worse. T2*<20 ms was observed in 62.6% of the patients, with 47% showing severe iron deposition (T2<10 ms). No correlation of T2*<20 ms (r=−0.157, P=0.302) and T2*<10 ms (r=−0.128, P=0.464) was observed with serum ferritin. On multivariate analysis, lower T2* values correlated with a worsening NYHA functional class.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of severe myocardial iron load in Pakistani TM patients. Serum ferritin did not correlate with T2* values. Lower T2* was the only clinical factor associated with the NYHA functional class.
EMS Activations for School-Aged Children From Public Buildings, Places of Recreation or Sport, and Health Care Facilities in Pennsylvania
Authors: Catherine Andrew T. , Olympia Robert P. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
To determine the etiology of emergency medical services (EMS) activations in 2011 to public buildings, places of recreation or sport, and health care facilities involving children aged 5 to 18 years in Pennsylvania.

Methods
Electronic records documenting 2011 EMS activations as provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Health's Bureau of EMS were reviewed. Data elements (demographics, dispatch complaint, mechanism of injury, primary assessment) from patients aged 5 to 18 years involved in an EMS response call originating from either a public building, a place of recreation and sport, or health care facility were analyzed.

Results
A total of 12,289 records were available for analysis. The most common primary assessments from public buildings were traumatic injury, behavioral/psychiatric disorder, syncope/fainting, seizure, and poisoning. The most common primary assessments from places of recreation or sport were traumatic injury, syncope/fainting, altered level of consciousness, respiratory distress, and abdominal pain. The most common primary assessments from health care facilities were behavioral/psychiatric disorder, traumatic injury, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and syncope/fainting. When examining the mechanism of injury for trauma-related primary assessments, falls were the most common mechanism at all 3 locations, followed by being struck by an object. Of the 1335 serious-incident calls (11% of the total EMS activations meeting inclusion criteria), 61.2% were from public buildings, 14.1% from places of recreation or sport, and 24.7% from health care facilities.

Conclusions
Our identification of common EMS dispatch complaints, mechanisms of injury, and primary assessments can be used in the education of staff and preparation of facilities for medical emergencies and injuries where children spend time.
Impact of an Inpatient Psychiatric Unit on Pediatric Emergency Mental Health Care
Authors: Sheridan David C. , Johnson Kyle P. , Fu Rongwei , Spiro David M. , Hansen Matthew L. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
Mental health complaints are a frequent presentation to the pediatric emergency department (PED). It is unclear if having an on-site inpatient pediatric psychiatric unit impacts pediatric mental health care in the acute setting. The objective of this study was to compare PED mental health care between a pediatric tertiary care center with an associated inpatient child psychiatric unit (PAPED) and one that does not (NOPED) with the hypothesis that children have longer lengths of stay (LOS) at the PED without an inpatient unit.

Methods
This was a retrospective, observational study of all mental health presentations aged 1 to 18 years to 2 tertiary care PEDs from March 2012 to June 2013 with a final mental health diagnosis International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code.

Results
A total of 1409 patient encounters comprised the study group. The PAPED had a significantly higher rate of admission 41.3% versus 18.8% (P < 0.0001). The LOS was significantly longer at the NOPED compared with the PAPED with a visit of 15.6 versus 6.3, respectively (P < 0.0001). When LOS was stratified for disposition, patients requiring admission from the NOPED had a significantly longer LOS of 33.4 compared with an emergency department LOS of 8.1 at the PAPED (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Mental health care in the PED seems to be affected by having an associated inpatient child psychiatric unit. Further research needs to address this growing problem and ways to utilize community resources to develop safe outpatient plans and divert admission if possible.
ElusivePlasmodiumSpecies Complete the Human Malaria Genome Set
Authors: Rutledge Gavin G. , Böehme Ulrike , Sanders Mandy , Reid Adam J. , Maiga-Ascofare Oumou , Djimdé Abdoulaye A. , Apinjoh Tobias O. , Amenga-Etego Lucas , Manske Magnus , Barnwell John W. , Renaud François , Ollomo Benjamin , Prugnolle Franck , Anstey Nicholas M. , Auburn Sarah , Price Ric N. , McCarthy James S. , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Newbold Chris I. , Berriman Matthew , Otto Thomas D. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryDespite the huge international endeavor to understand the genomic basis of malaria biology, there remains a lack of information about two human-infective species:Plasmodium malariaeandP. ovale. The former is prevalent across all malaria endemic regions and able to recrudesce decades after the initial infection. The latter is a dormant stage hypnozoite-forming species, similar toP. vivax. Here we present the newly assembled reference genomes of both species, thereby completing the set of all human-infectivePlasmodiumspecies. We show that theP. malariaegenome is markedly different to otherPlasmodiumgenomes and relate this to its unique biology. Using additional draft genome assemblies, we confirm thatP. ovaleconsists of two cryptic species that may have diverged millions of years ago. These genome sequences provide a useful resource to study the genetic basis of human-infectivity inPlasmodiumspecies.
MetaGxData: Clinically Annotated Breast, Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer Datasets and their Use in Generating a Multi-Cancer Gene Signature
Authors: Gendoo Deena M.A. , Zon Michael , Sandhu Vandana , Manem Venkata SK , Ratanasirigulchai Natchar , Chen Gregory M , Waldron Levi , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA wealth of transcriptomic and clinical data on solid tumours are under-utilized due to unharmonized data storage and format. We have developed the MetaGxData package compendium, which includes manually-curated and standardized clinical, pathological, survival, and treatment metadata across breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer data. MetaGxData is the largest compendium of curated transcriptomic data for these cancer types to date, spanning 86 datasets and encompassing 15,249 samples. Open access to standardized metadata across cancer types promotes use of their transcriptomic and clinical data in a variety of cross-tumour analyses, including identification of common biomarkers, establishing common patterns of co-expression networks, and assessing the validity of prognostic signatures. Here, we demonstrate that MetaGxData is a flexible framework that facilitates meta-analyses by using it to identify common prognostic genes in ovarian and breast cancer. Furthermore, we use the data compendium to create the first gene signature that is prognostic in a meta-analysis across 3 cancers. These findings demonstrate the potential of MetaGxData to serve as an important resource in oncology research and provide a foundation for future development of cancer-specific compendia.
Conceptual Confusion: The case of Epigenetics
Authors: Pisco Angela Oliveira , Fouquier d’Hérouël Aymeric , Huang Sui 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe observations of phenotypic plasticity have stimulated the revival of ‘epigenetics’. Over the past 70 years the term has come in many colors and flavors, depending on the biological discipline and time period. The meanings span from Waddington’s “epigenotype” and “epigenetic landscape” to the molecular biologists’ “epigenetic marks” embodied by DNA methylation and histone modifications. Here we seek to quell the ambiguity of the name. First we place “epigenetics” in the various historical contexts. Then, by presenting the formal concepts of dynamical systems theory we show that the “epigenetic landscape” is more than a metaphor: it has specific mathematical foundations. The latter explains how gene regulatory networks produce multiple attractor states, the self-stabilizing patterns of gene activation across the genome that account for “epigenetic memory”. This network dynamics approach replaces the reductionist correspondence of molecular epigenetic modifications with concept of the epigenetic landscape, by providing a concrete and crisp correspondence.
Deep Machine Learning provides state-of-the-art performance in image-based plant phenotyping
Authors: Pound Michael P. , Burgess Alexandra J. , Wilson Michael H. , Atkinson Jonathan A. , Griffiths Marcus , Jackson Aaron S. , Bulat Adrian , Tzimiropoulos yorgos , Wells Darren M. , Murchie Erik H. , Pridmore Tony P. , French Andrew P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDeep learning is an emerging field that promises unparalleled results on many data analysis problems. We show the success offered by such techniques when applied to the challenging problem of image-based plant phenotyping, and demonstrate state-of-the-art results for root and shoot feature identification and localisation. We predict a paradigm shift in image-based phenotyping thanks to deep learning approaches.
3D Perception of Maximum Density Zone on Ramachandran Plots for Zika Virus Protein Structures
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Mayukh , Bhaumik Parama 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Ramachandran plot is among the most central concepts in structural biology which uses torsion angles to describe polypeptide and protein conformation. To help visualize the features of high-fidelity Ramachandran plots, it is helpful to look beyond the common two-dimensional psi-phi-plot, which for a large dataset does not serve very well to convey the true nature of the distribution. In particular, when a large subset of the observations is found very narrowly distributed within one small region, this is not well seen in the simple plot because the data points congest one another. Zika Virus (ZIKV) protein databank has been chosen as specimen for analysis. This is because the structure, tropism, and pathogenesis of ZIKV are largely unknown and are the focus of current investigations in an effort to address the need for rapid development of vaccines and therapeutics. After a brief survey on Zika Virus, it is shown that when a dense dataset of ZIKV protein databank is passed through a colour-coded scaled algorithm, a three dimensional plot gets generated which gives a much more compelling impression of the proportions of residues in the different parts of the protein rather than representing it in a normal two dimensional psi-phi plot.
The cryptic origins of evolutionary novelty: 1,000-fold-faster trophic diversification rates without increased ecological opportunity or hybrid swarm
Authors: Martin Christopher H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEcological opportunity is frequently proposed as the sole ingredient for adaptive radiation into novel niches. Alternatively, genome-wide hybridization resulting from ‘hybrid swarm’ may be the trigger. However, these hypotheses have been difficult to test due to the rarity of comparable control environments lacking adaptive radiations. Here I exploit such a pattern in microendemic radiations of Caribbean pupfishes. I show that a sympatric three-species radiation on San Salvador Island, Bahamas diversified 1,445 times faster than neighboring islands in jaw length due to evolution of a novel scale-eating adaptive zone from a generalist ancestral niche. I then sampled 22 generalist populations on seven neighboring islands and measured morphological diversity, stomach content diversity, dietary isotopic diversity, genetic diversity, lake/island areas, macroalgae richness, and Caribbean-wide patterns of gene flow. None of these standard metrics of ecological opportunity or gene flow were associated with adaptive radiation, except for slight increases in macroalgae richness. Thus, exceptional trophic diversification is highly localized despite myriad generalist populations in comparable environmental and genetic backgrounds. This study provides a strong counterexample to the ecological/hybrid-swarm theories of adaptive radiation and suggests that diversification of novel specialists on a sparse fitness landscape is constrained by more than ecological opportunity and gene flow.
External constraints on Spanish municipal sports agencies’ finances
Authors: García-Unanue Jorge , Felipe José Luis , Gómez-González Carlos , del Corral Julio , Gallardo Leonor 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of the environment on the financial performance in public sports agencies at the local level.

Design/methodology/approach
The influence of the socio-demographic, socio-economic and political environment on the financial condition of municipal sports agencies in Spain from 2003 to 2011 was studied by several regression models.

Findings
The results show a negative influence of the size of the population and a positive influence of the municipal taxes per capita. The influence of the political context is not demonstrated. However, the set of variables only explain a small percentage of the variance.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of this study is the possible existence of other non-controlled environmental variables. However, this study approaches genuinely the effect of the environment on municipal sports agencies, which has important research implications as it shows additional information to be contrasted with other researches in different countries or regions.

Practical implications
The information provided in this study will be of great importance for managers to select more objectively other entities in benchmarking development.

Originality/value
Finally, this study uses a non-exploited database and redirects performance management studies to other areas of service provision such as sport.
Corporate sustainability and responsibility toward education
Authors: Camilleri Mark Anthony 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to deliberate on how corporate social responsibility (CSR) ought to be reconceived for better educational outcomes. It suggests that there are win-win opportunities for corporations and national governments to nurture human capital and address any skill gaps and mismatches in the labour market.Design/methodology/approachThe businesses’ involvement in setting curriculum programmes may help to improve the quality and effectiveness of extant educational systems. This contribution reports on how different organisations are already engaging in responsible behaviours with varying degrees of intensity and success across many contexts.FindingsMany firms are often training and sponsoring individuals to pursue further studies for their career advancement. It also indicated that there are businesses that are engaging in laudable behaviours to attract prospective employees. Moreover, this paper contends that the provision of education, professional development and training will boost the employees’ morale and job satisfaction, which may, in turn, lead to lower staff turnover rates and greater productivity levels in workplace environments.Social implicationsThis contribution implies that organisational cultures and their business ethos could be attuned with the governments’ educational policies to actively respond to the diverse needs of today’s learners and tomorrow’s human resources.Originality/valueThere is a business case for CSR as the corporations’ strategies realign their economic success with societal progress. Arguably, there is potential that such responsible behaviours can bring reputational benefits, enhance the firms’ image among external stakeholders and could lead to a favourable climate of trust and cooperation within the company itself.
The utilization of the double focal transformation for sparse data representation and data reconstruction
Authors: Kutscha H. , Verschuur D.J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn many cases, seismic measurements are coarsely sampled in at least one dimension. This leads to aliasing artefacts and therefore to problems in the subsequent processing steps. To avoid this, seismic data reconstruction can be applied in advance. The success and reliability of reconstruction methods are dependent on the assumptions they make on the data. In many cases, wavefields are assumed to (locally) have a linear space–time behaviour. However, field data are usually complex, with strongly curved events. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the double focal transformation as an efficient way for complex data reconstruction. Hereby, wavefield propagation is formulated as a transformation, where one‐way propagation operators are used as its basis functions. These wavefield operators can be based on a macro velocity model, which allows our method to use prior information in order to make the data decomposition more effective. The basic principle of the double focal transformation is to focus seismic energy along source and receiver coordinates simultaneously. The seismic data are represented by a number of localized events in the focal domain, whereas aliasing noise spreads out. By imposing a sparse solution in the focal domain, aliasing noise is suppressed, and data reconstruction beyond aliasing is achieved. To facilitate the process, only a few effective depth levels need to be included, preferably along the major boundaries in the data, from which the propagation operators can be calculated. Results on 2D and 3D synthetic data illustrate the method's virtues. Furthermore, seismic data reconstruction on a 2D field dataset with gaps and aliased source spacing demonstrates the strength of the double focal transformation, particularly for near‐offset reflections with strong curvature and for diffractions.
Fast approximate 1D modelling and inversion of transient electromagnetic data
Authors: Christensen Niels B. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA novel, fast, and approximate forward modelling routine for time‐domain electromagnetic responses is presented. It is based on the separation of the forward problem into a configuration‐independent part, mapping conductivity as a function of depth onto apparent conductivity as a function of time, and a configuration‐dependent part, i.e., the half‐space step response. The response of a layered model is then found as the half‐space response for a half‐space conductivity equal to the apparent conductivity. The mapping is ten times faster than traditional accurate forward modelling routines, and through stochastic modelling, it is found that the standard deviation of the modelling error is 0.7 %. The forward mapping lends itself to integration in a modern state‐of‐the‐art inversion formulation in exactly the same way as traditionally computed responses, and a field example is included where inversion results using the approximate forward response are compared with those of an accurate forward response for helicopterborne transient electromagnetic data. In addition to being used in its own right in inversion of transient data, the speed and accuracy of the approximate inversion mean that it is well suited for quality control and fast turnaround data delivery of survey results to a client. It can also be used in hybrid inversion formulations by supplying initial iterations and high‐quality derivatives in an inversion based on accurate forward modelling.
Brexit or Bremain? Future Options for UK Agricultural Policy and the CAP
Authors: Swinbank Alan 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe outcome of the UK's referendum on continued EU membership is at the time of writing uncertain, and the consequences of a vote to remain (‘Bremain’) or leave (‘Brexit’) difficult to predict. Polarised views have been voiced about the impact of Brexit on UK agriculture, and on the nature and level of funding, of future policy. Policymakers would not have the luxury of devising a new policy from scratch. WTO rules and commitments, the nature of any future accord with the EU, budget constraints, the rather different perspectives of the UK's devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and the expectations of farmers, landowners and the environmental lobby, will all impact the policymaking process. The WTO dimension, and the UK's future relationship with the EU, are particularly difficult to predict, and – some commentators believe – may take years to resolve. Brexit's impact on the future CAP is also unclear. A vote to remain within the EU would not necessarily assuage the Eurosceptics’ criticisms of the EU, or the UK's perception of the CAP. Whatever the outcome, future agricultural, food and rural land use policies will remain key preoccupations of European governments.
The Challenges Facing UK Farmers from Brexit
Authors: Grant Wyn 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe prospect of exit from the European Union faces UK farmers with a number of additional challenges to add to those they are already coping with in terms of income and price volatility and increases the uncertainties that they face. It is difficult to predict the consequences of Brexit for agriculture with any precision, given the absence of contingency plans by the UK Government and the uncertainties that would follow a vote to leave. However, it is difficult to see that they would, on balance, be advantageous. CAP Pillar 1 farm subsidies would be placed in jeopardy and there would not be a substantial reduction in the level of regulation. The availability of plant protection products could become more restricted and firms would be reluctant to develop distinctive products purely for the UK market. Brexit would serve as a distraction from the many practical challenges facing the UK farming sector. It will not eliminate many of the structural and competitive challenges facing UK and other European farmers such as relationships with supermarkets and processors, the scale of operations and the Russian import ban.