bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions of baseflow habitat constraints: Macroinvertebrate drift, stream temperature, and physical habitat for anadromous salmon in the Calapooia River, Oregon
Authors: Danehy Robert J. , Bilby Robert E. , Owen Sara , Duke Steven D. , Farrand Alex 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The Calapooia River in western Oregon supports a small winter steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population and historically supported spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Early timber harvesting removed the riparian forest, and log transportation practices simplified the channel. Those disturbance legacies continue to affect fish habitat by limiting shade and channel complexity, complicating conservation efforts.
To evaluate juvenile salmonid rearing potential, macroinvertebrate drift, thermal regime and physical habitat were measured at eight sites in 24 km of the upper river during late summer baseflow.
Overall physical habitat was simple, with few functioning instream structures or pools. During the 22‐day drift study, flows declined and maximum site stream temperatures ranged from 23.1°C at the lower end to 16.4°C 24 km upstream.
Macroinvertebrate drift concentrations ranged from 0.7–13.7 ind. m−3 with biomasses from 0.02–1.23 mg m−3. Drift concentration biomass was higher upstream (P = 0.006) than downstream and declined overall (P < 0.001) during the study. Drift biomass was dominated by five taxon groups – Baetis tricaudatus, Calineuria californica, Hesperoperla pacifica, Simulium spp., and Chironomidae, which were 65% of total biomass. During twilight, total biomass and biomass of B. tricaudatus, Simulium spp., and Chironomidae (both larvae and adults) were higher.
Total drift declined dramatically over the study period owing to decreases in drift concentration and a 58% decline in discharge, greatly reducing overall drift and available food resources for juvenile‐rearing salmonids.
The upper catchment, both with cooler temperatures and higher food availability, provided the best conditions for juvenile anadromous salmonids to survive late summer conditions. Conservation consequences of climate change‐induced alterations in flow and temperature may further affect habitat quality for juvenile salmonids in this catchment in the coming decades.
Nonconventional Luminescence Enhanced by Silicone‐Induced Aggregation
Authors: Lu Hang , Hu Ziqi , Feng Shengyu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNonconventional organic luminogens have attracted a great deal of interests owing to their intriguing properties (e.g., unusual fluorescence emission) and promising applications. According to previous studies, it was found that introduction of Si–O could enhance the fluorescence emission of the luminogens. Herein, we have synthesized some fluorescent siloxane derivatives and similar molecules without Si–O units by simple and efficient modification to investigate the role of Si–O units in the emission. It was found that the strong emission could be observed in dilute solutions of siloxane derivatives, but not in the carbon compounds. UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and theoretical calculations indicated that the heteroatom and the Si–O unit formed the coordination bond in the siloxane derivatives, resulting in enhanced fluorescence emission.
Photoluminescent Honeycomb Structures from Polyoxometalates and an Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid Bearing a π‐Conjugated Moiety and a Branched Aliphatic Chain
Authors: Zhang Geping , Zhu Hongxia , Chen Mengjun , Li Hongguang , Yuan Ye , Ma Tiantai , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHoneycomb‐structured films represent an intriguing class of two‐dimensional porous materials. Specifically, polyoxometalate (POM) macroanions can be introduced into these films by complexing with oppositely charged, double‐tailed surfactants. Here highly‐ordered honeycomb structures are reported that can be constructed by the complexes between POMs and a room temperature ionic liquid (IL1) having an imidazolium moiety in the middle and a naphthyl unit and a branched aliphatic chain at the ends. The complexes can be produced through phase transfer between an aqueous solution of POMs (typically {Mo72Fe30}) and a CS2 (or chloroform) solution of IL1. Based on the intrinsic properties of {Mo72Fe30} and the functional groups of the IL1, the honeycomb structures show multiple functions with bright photoluminescence and rich electrochemical properties. This work shows that by simply engineering the organic ligands involved in the POM‐based inorganic–organic complexes, supramolecular structures with improved properties and wide applications can be obtained.
Selective Dual‐Channel Imaging on Cyanostyryl‐Modified Azulene Systems with Unimolecularly Tunable Visible–Near Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Zhou Yunyun , Zhuang Yaping , Li Xin , Ågren Hans , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong , Zhu Liangliang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough organic light‐emitting molecules have received a growing attention and applicability in modern bioimaging science, the design and control of complex photoluminescent properties in unimolecularly selective imaging remains a challenging topic. Considering that tunable multipathway imaging can be advantagedly connected with treatment processes in therapy, the integration of an azulene and a cyanostyryl moiety into one skeleton is carried out for the generation of in situ stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials, with the aim to achieve tunable and effective emissions in distinct channels through smart molecular design on a single‐molecular platform. This strategy takes advantage of 1) the Z/E isomerization of the cyanostyryl unit that can vary the push–pull effect of the substitution on azulene, accompanied by altering absorption and emission of individual excited states, and 2) an optimized excited‐state regulation for opening a near infrared emissive channel and making up for a controllable dual‐pathway luminescent system together with the utilization of visible emission. As exemplified by a demonstration of manipulating the luminescence at the cell level, the materials exhibit a superior application potential for unimolecularly selective imaging, labeling and probing events.
Characterization of a PXIe based low‐field digital NMR spectrometer
Authors: Biller Joshua R. , Stupic Karl F. , Kos Anthony B. , Weilert Tim , Rinard George A. , Nakishima Yoshihiro , Moreland John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument is an important tool for investigating a wide variety of samples under different conditions. In this paper, we describe a system constructed primarily with commercially available hardware and control software, capable of single‐pulse NMR experiments. Details of the construction of the main B0 magnet are also included. The operating frequency for demonstration is 460 kHz (10 mT), however, the range of the hardware spans 700 Hz (16 μT) to 25 MHz (0.6 T). Tip angle optimizations are used to find the most narrow usable pulse width for this configuration, and the T1 of water is measured by single‐pulse‐saturation‐recovery (SPSR) to demonstrate the potential for this system as a relaxometer. Discussions of resonator construction and efficiency, power requirements and programming strategies that would increase the utility of this system are also included. Construction of any low‐field NMR system will depend on experimental interests, budget and engineering resources. A survey of other low‐field NMR systems from the literature is included to aid the novice or experienced magnetic resonance scientist in consideration of how a low‐field spectrometer could be constructed and used in the lab.
Plant‐mediated resource partitioning by coexisting parasitoids
Authors: Xi Xinqiang , Yang Yangheshan , Yang Yonghua , Segoli Michal , Sun Shucun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough it has been frequently suggested that resource partitioning of species coexisting at the same trophic level can be mediated by interactions with species at non‐adjacent trophic levels, empirical evidence supporting this claim is scarce. Here we demonstrate that plants may mediate resource partitioning for two parasitoids that share the same herbivorous host. The tephritid fly Tephritis femoralis is the primary pre‐dispersal seed predator of two Asteraceae species, Saussurea nigrescens and Anaphalis flavescens, both of which dominate the plant community in the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau. Field surveys and molecular barcoding analyses showed that the identity of the fly's main predator depended on the plant in which the fly developed. Tephritid flies that developed in S. nigrescens were preyed upon mainly by the parasitoid wasp Pteromalus albipennis, while the parasitoid Mesopolobus sp. was the main predator of flies that developed in A. flavescens. Microcosm experiments revealed that P. albipennis could not exploit the host flies within the capitula of A. flavescens due to food limitation (capitula are too small), while Mesopolobus sp. could not exploit the host flies within the capitula of S. nigrescens due to its inability to reach the host with its ovipositor (capitula are too large). Such bottom‐up control of plant species traits may facilitate the coexistence of parasitoid wasps sharing a common host in this system. We suggest that interactions between non‐adjacent trophic levels may potentially promote species coexistence and diversity in biological communities.
In Situ Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous CoO/Cu2O Composites on Cu Foam as High‐Performance Freestanding Anodes for Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Cao Zhen , Ma Houyi , Liu Xizheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA hierarchical porous CoO/Cu2O nanoarray assembled on three‐dimensional Cu foam was successfully fabricated by a facile solution‐phase cation exchange technique. The morphology and crystalline structure of the target composite were optimized by investigating the sintering conditions. The unique bimetallic oxides demonstrate a secondary porous structure on primary nanoarrays, which facilitated the electrolyte permeation and decreased the ionic transport distance. Owing to the conductive Cu framework and synergistic biactive components, the as‐prepared composite displayed superior electrochemical performance with high capacity and rate capability. Moreover, it showed stable cycling performance and a capacity of 832 mAh g−1 even after 50 discharge/charge cycles. The ionic transfer kinetics were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The cycled electrodes were also carefully examined to explain the origin of the enhanced performance. With a superb electrochemical performance and facile fabrication route, the freestanding CoO/Cu2O composites have a promising future as next‐generation anodes for lithium–ion batteries.
Genetically engineered bananas resistant to Xanthomonas wilt disease and nematodes
Authors: Tripathi Leena , Atkinson Howard , Roderick Hugh , Kubiriba Jerome , Tripathi Jaindra N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBanana is an important staple food crop feeding more than 100 million Africans, but is subject to severe productivity constraints due to a range of pests and diseases. Banana Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum is capable of entirely destroying a plantation while nematodes can cause losses up to 50% and increase susceptibility to other pests and diseases. Development of improved varieties of banana is fundamental in order to tackle these challenges. However, the sterile nature of the crop and the lack of resistance in Musa germplasm make improvement by traditional breeding techniques either impossible or extremely slow. Recent developments using genetic engineering have begun to address these problems. Transgenic banana expressing sweet pepper Hrap and Pflp genes have demonstrated complete resistance against X. campestris pv. musacearum in the field. Transgenic plantains expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitors and/or synthetic peptide showed enhanced resistance to a mixed species population of nematodes in the field. Here, we review the genetic engineering technologies which have potential to improve agriculture and food security in Africa.
A self‐deploying drug release device using polymeric films
Authors: Kondo Taro , Nezhad Zhaleh Kashkouli , Suzuki Jin , Nagai Nobuhiro , Nishizawa Matsuhiko , Abe Toshiaki , Kaji Hirokazu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a sheet‐type device capable of self‐deployment and sustained release of protein type drugs. The device consisted of a thin photopolymerized polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) sheet and collagen microparticles (COLs), which were embedded in the sheet as drug carriers and for increased drug permeation. When the density of the COLs in the sheet was increased to be sufficiently interconnected, the drug permeability was increased. In addition, since protein type drugs electrostatically interacted with the COLs, a prolonged sustained release was possible. The PEGDM/COLs device was flexible enough to be rolled up, and the device maintained its structure due to van der Waals attractive forces between the sheet surfaces. When the device was immersed in water, the attractive forces acting between the sheet surfaces were relieved by water. Subsequently, the device unfolded by bending‐stress relaxation. Moreover, the rolled‐up device could be injected through a conventional syringe needle into water to recover its original shape. The developed sheet‐type device provides the possibility of minimally invasive transplantation into diseased tissues and organs, and could provide better therapeutic outcomes and reduce possible side effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 780–786, 2018.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Nusinersen in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid and Plasma of Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Following Intrathecal Administrations
Authors: Luu Kenneth T. , Norris Daniel A. , Gunawan Rudy , Henry Scott , Geary Richard , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide intended for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. The pharmacokinetics of nusinersen, following intrathecal administrations, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 72 pediatric patients (3 months to 17 years) with spinal muscular atrophy across 5 clinical trials was analyzed via population‐based modeling. With sparse data in the CSF and profile data in the plasma, a linear 4‐compartment model simultaneously described the time‐concentration profiles in both matrices. The typical population parameters were: Qp= 0.572 L/h, QCSF= 0.069 L/h, CLp= 2.50 L/h, CLCSF= 0.133 L/hr, VCSF= 0.441 L, Vp= 32.0 L, Vsystemic_tissue= 429 L, and VCNS_tissue= 258 L. A full covariate modeling approach identified baseline body weight to be a statistically and clinically relevant covariate on VCSF, Vp, and CLp. The model predicted that the CSF volume of distribution increased steadily with age from 0 to 2 years but became relatively steady for children >2 years. Simulations from the final model showed that age‐based dosing in children under 2 years ensured a more comparable exposure (peak concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve) across subjects in the population relative to a fixed dosing scheme. However, because no dose‐limiting toxicity has been reported in any of the trials, a fixed‐dose scheme (12 mg across all age groups) was recommended. The median terminal half‐life of nusinersen in the CSF was determined from the model to be 163 days, which supported infrequent dosing, once every 4 to 6 months in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy.
Early marker of regional left ventricular deformation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evaluated by MRI tissue tracking: The effects of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis
Authors: Xu Hua‐yan , Chen Jing , Yang Zhi‐gang , Li Rui , Shi Ke , Zhang Qin , Liu Xi , Xie Lin‐jun , Jiang Li , Guo Ying‐kun 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the regional left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain of early stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients by magnetic resonance (MR) tissue tracking.Materials and MethodsIn all, 114 adult HCM patients classified as NYHA I or II and 32 healthy volunteers were enrolled and underwent 3.0T MR examination. Vertical 2‐chamber long axis, horizontal 4‐chamber, and short axis cine sequence as well as late gadolinium enhancement images (LGE) were scanned. The cardiac function, regional LV tissue tracking variables, end‐diastolic wall thickness (EDTH), and LGE extent were measured.ResultsIn the HCM group, 38 were NYHA I and 76 were NYHA II. By regional analysis, peak strain (PS) and peak displacement (PD) with radial, circumferential direction of hypertrophic segments (n = 283) were significantly lower than nonhypertrophic segments (n = 1541) (all P < 0.05). Radial PS was significantly correlated with LVEDTH (r = −0.467, P < 0.0001). Radial PD was negatively associated with LVEDTH (r = −0.331, P < 0.0001). The PS and PD of all directions were decreased in segments with LGE (n = 723) compared with those without LGE (n = 1101) (all P < 0.05). In addition, radial PS and PD were negatively associated with LGE extent (radial PS, r = −0.441; radial PD, r = −0.274; both P < 0.0001). All strain parameters showed excellent inter‐ and intraobserver agreements.ConclusionDecreased regional LV myocardial strain hypertrophic and fibrotic segments of early‐stage HCM patients can be measured by MR tissue tracking based on routine cine images. Moreover, myocardial strain may decrease with the increasing of myocardial hypertrophy as well as fibrosis.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1368–1376.
A Computational Kinetics Study on the Intramolecular Hydrogen Shift Reactions of Alkylperoxy Radicals in 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran Oxidation
Authors: Parab Prajakta R. , Sakade Naoki , Sakai Yasuyuki , Fernandes Ravi , Heufer K. Alexander 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF) is one of the potential fuel components based on its combustion behavior, engine efficiency, and emission performance as proposed by the Cluster of Excellence “Tailor Made Fuels from Biomass (TMFB)” at RWTH Aachen University, Germany. Reaction kinetics of intramolecular hydrogen shift (ROO to QOOH) reactions in 2‐MTHF is theoretically investigated in this work. High‐pressure limit rate constants (500–2000 K) are determined from the transition state theory by employing the CBS‐QB3 composite method. Carbon sites neighboring a ring oxygen atom are favorable abstraction sites in 2‐MTHF due to its weak C─H bond strengths. The size of the transition state ring (six‐ and five‐membered) also plays an important role in the isomerization reaction kinetics. Further, effects of ring oxygen and methyl group position in 2‐MTHF are investigated. At 500 K, total rate constants for the isomerization reactions in ROO2 and ROO5t are 51 and 67 times faster in 2‐MTHF than in methylcyclopentane.
Second‐order variability of inherent optical properties of particles in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea: Driving factor analysis and modeling
Authors: Sun Deyong , Chen Shuguo , Qiu Zhongfeng , Wang Shengqiang , Huan Yu , He Yijun , Zhang Tinglu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study explores second‐order variability of inherent optical properties (IOPs) of particles caused by particle intrinsic attributes, including the mean particle size (DA) calculated by a LISST measurement restricted to a size range of 2.5–500 μm, mean apparent density (ρa), bulk refractive index (ñp), and composition (using a ratio of chlorophyll a to total suspended matter concentrations, Chl a/TSM, as the delegate), obtained from five field cruise observations collected from 2013 to 2015 in Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS). Large variations in magnitude were observed in terms of mass‐specific beam attenuation (
), scattering (
), and backscattering (
), indicative of optically complex water conditions.
and
showed similarities in their change and driving mechanisms, in which DA explained the majority (35%), both ñp and ρa separately contributed variability levels of approximately 25%, and Chl a/TSM accounted for the lowest proportion (15%). Most (approximately 38%) of the variability in
was found to be attributed to ñp when the other factors were responsible for the rest of the variation to different degrees of 9–29%. We also model
,
, and
with direct linkages to DA, ρa, ñp, and Chl a/TSM using a multivariate linear regression method. The established
,
, and
models generated very high goodness of fit results, with determination coefficients (R2) of above 0.970 (p < 0.001) and with favorable predictive errors (a mean absolute percentage error, MAPE, of approximately 30% for the
and
models and of approximately 40% for the
model). Overall, the findings of this study further knowledge on the nature of the inherent optical properties in BS and YS, and are very helpful for understanding many marine biogeochemical processes.
The sensitivity of glioma cells to pyropheophorbide‐αmethyl ester‐mediated photodynamic therapy is enhanced by inhibiting ABCG2
Authors: Pan Li , Lin Haidan , Tian Si , Bai Dingqun , Kong Yuhan , Yu Lehua 
Published: March 2017

Background and ObjectiveTo study the mechanisms of human glioblastoma cell resistance to methyl ester pyropheophorbide‐a‐mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa‐PDT) and the relationship between the cells and adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2).Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe sensitivity of four human glioma cell lines (U87, A172, SHG‐44, and U251) to MPPa‐PDT was detected with a CCK‐8 assay. Cell apoptosis, intracellular MPPa, and singlet oxygen were tested with flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression of ATP‐binding cassette transporters (ABCG2, MRP1, and MDR1) were detected by PCR and Western blot, respectively.ResultsBoth the sensitivity to MPPa‐PDT and intracellular MPPa in A172 were the lowest among the four cell lines, while expression of ABCG2 mRNA and protein in A172 were the highest. The intracellular MPPa and ROS in A172 receiving MPPa‐PDT significantly increased after using the ABCG2 inhibitor fumitremorgin C (FTC). Both cell viability and apoptosis in A172 cells undergoing MPPa‐PDT were significantly improved with FTC.ConclusionsABCG2 plays a significant role in the resistance of A172 to MPPa‐PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:719–726, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary fat content modulates the hypolipidemic effect of dietary inulin in rats
Authors: Han Kyu‐Ho , Yamamoto Aiko , Shimada Ken‐ichiro , Kikuchi Hiroto , Fukushima Michihiro 
Published: March 2017

ScopeDietary fat content (low versus high fat) may modulate the serum lipid‐lowering effect of high‐performance (HP)‐inulin. This study investigated the effect of dietary HP‐inulin on metabolism in rats fed a low‐ or high‐fat diet.Methods and resultsRats were fed a diet of 5% fat with 5% cellulose or 5% HP‐inulin (average degree of polymerization = 24) (low‐fat diet) or of 20% fat with 5% cellulose or 5% HP‐inulin (high‐fat diet) for 28 days. Total, HDL, and non‐HDL cholesterols, and triglyceride concentrations in the serum were measured along with total lipid content of liver and feces. Hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol, and fecal neutral and acidic sterol concentrations in total lipid were assessed. In addition, cecum SCFA levels and bacterial profiles were determined. The hypolipidemic effect of HP‐inulin differed depending on dietary fat content (5% versus 20%). Specifically, 5% inulin instead of cellulose in a semi‐purified diet significantly reduced serum lipid levels in rats fed a high‐fat diet, which was strongly associated with increased total lipid and neutral sterol excretion.ConclusionDietary fat content modulates the hypolipidemic effect of dietary inulin.