bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence alignment analysis of proteins involved in platelet-endothelial cell interaction identifies molecular incompatibilities between Homo sapiens and Sus scrofa
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Lu Ying , Gao Hanchao , Li Mingtao , Cooper David K. C. , Mou Lisha 
Published: February 2017

Background: Platelets play a vital role in acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR) in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, presenting as microvascular thrombosis in the graft and/or consumptive coagulopathy in the recipient. Adhesion and aggregation of primate platelets to the activated vascular endothelial cells through sequential binding of ligands on endothelial cells and subendothelial matrix ultimately trigger a complex biological process of prothrombotic signaling cascades. Increasing evidence suggests that the molecular incompatibilities in effector molecules across species may partially contribute to dysregulated microvascular thrombosis in xenografts. Method: We selected candidate genes from the NCBI database with keywords: platelet-endothelium interaction，platelet adhension, platelet aggregation, and subendothelial matrix ligands. Pair-wise amino acid alignments were made using the Emboss Needle method. Emboss needle created optimal global alignment of the amino acid sequences of human genes and pig genes using ClustalW2.Results: Most of the proteins involved in platelet-EC interaction in Homo sapiens share high sequence similarity with their homologues in Sus scrofa. Cytokines that potentially induce endothelial damage (such as CD40L, TNF-α) were highly conserved between Homo sapiens and Sus scrofa. Some endothelium-derived cytokines (such as IL-8, CCL2, CCL5) that can induce platelet activation or enhance aggregation share high sequence similarity between Homo sapiens and sus scrofa. Some regulators that potentially transduce inhibitory signaling to control platelet activation or complement activation have relatively poor sequence identity between Homo sapiens and Sus scrofa, and some even lack their homologues in Sus scrofa.Conclusion: The characteristic of sequence similarity of proteins involved in platelet-EC interaction indicated the molecular incompatibilities between humans (Homo sapiens) and pigs (Sus scrofa). This study provides a clue for explanation of excessive platelet activity in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation.
Concept of Abetment in the IPC (2013)
Authors: Rooholamini Mahmood 
Published: February 2017

Undoubtedly, in many cases, the definition of a legal term or an entity provided by lawyers has significant difference with the definition provided by the institution of the legislature. Therefore, it can be distinguished between the concept of abbeting from a legal perspective, i.e., from the perspective of lawyers and the legal perspective as well as that of the legislature. There is no single definition of abetment from a legal standpoint, but there are various definitions of the term. However, the definitions have much in common. Iranian legislator has not defined “abetment” in the Islamic Penal Code (2003) but addressed some cases of behaviors that may constitute complicity in the crime. In addition, the Iranian legislator has extended the scope of the crimes that shall also apply abetment in IPC (2013). This is contrary to the principle of minimumality of criminal law based on the scope of the criminal law must be limited. In addition, the new law has serious flaws that have the current paper tried to remind objections and provide recommendations for amendments.
The Challenges of Translating Idioms from Arabic into English A Closer look at Al Imam AL Mahdi University – Sudan
Authors: Ali Al Mubarak Amin 
Published: February 2017

This particular study explores and identifies the obstacles faced in the process of translating idioms from the Arabic into the English. In fact, one of the most challenging issues in the field of translation is the process of translating idioms from the source language into the target language with maximum success in conveying similar connotation, conceptualization, as well as shades of meaning. Therefore, in meeting the objectives outlined in this study, a purposive sample that consisted of forty students pursuing B.A. in English at the Arts College of Al Imam AL Mahdi – Sudan had been selected. Other than that, the researcher employed the descriptive approach in the study to identify and to list down the problems faced by students in applying certain strategies to translate idioms from Arabic into English. As such, a translation test was carried out as an instrument for data collection. The test was comprised of twelve Arabic proverbs based on Speake (2008) classification of Proverbs, i.e. everyday experience, traditional wisdom, and folklore, to name a few. As a result, the outcomes of the study revealed several issues that must be ironed out in order to translate idiomatic expressions appropriately and accurately. Some significant factors that had been included are cultural aspects, sociolinguistic elements, linguistic and stylistic considerations and some particular meta-lingual factors.
Chromosome 10
Authors: Sarafidou Theologia , Moschonas Nicholas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Human chromosome 10, a medium‐size (∼134 Mb) submetacentric chromosome, corresponds to 4.45% of the total genome length and contains 1899 genes of all types. About 80% of the 722 protein‐coding genes can be classified into one or more functional categories.
PTEN, RET
and
FGFR2
are among the well‐studied chromosome 10 genes in health and disease. Currently, 120 genes are causatively linked with 172 Mendelian disorders. More than 500 common diseases – Alzheimer disease; diabetes; bipolar disorder; blood pressure; breast, prostate and colorectal cancer; Crohn disease and obesity – have been associated with SNPs (single‐nucleotide polymorphisms) of this chromosome. Aneuploidies and structure aberrations involving chromosome 10 have been determined in several cancer types. Various types of leukaemia or lymphomas have been associated with balanced and/or unbalanced 10p translocations. The histone methyltransferase KMT2A is involved in most cases. Similarly, 10q translocations are predominantly associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoblastic or follicular lymphoma.

Key Concepts

Human chromosome 10 corresponds to 4.45% of the total genome length.

HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) has assigned unique symbols and names to 709 protein‐coding genes of chromosome 10.

Chromosome 10q21.3–q24.2 is the most dense gene region.

Human chromosome 10 is almost exclusively syntenic with chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan chromosomes 10 or macaque and olive baboon chromosomes 9.

One hundred and twenty chromosome 10 protein‐coding genes are causatively linked with 173 Mendelian diseases; 80 allelic forms of these diseases are caused by 28 genes.

Six hundred and twenty‐six studies associate 1183 chromosome 10 SNPs with 521 common diseases.

Recurrent chromosome 10 somatic trisomies and monosomies have been determined in 79 and 133 types of cancer, respectively.

Recurrent balanced and unbalanced chromosome 10 translocations are associated, predominantly, with various types of leukaemia or lymphomas.
Non‐terminal behavior as a finger print to follow droplet deformation
Authors: Hajiraissi Roozbeh , Jahani Yousef 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is well‐established that rheology can trace structural dynamics and conjectures the forming/formed morphology. The objective of this work is to trace the droplet deformation via conducting fiber spinning process. In this regard, two types of polymer blends Polypropylene (PP)/Polyamide6 (PA6) and Polypropylene/Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) with various ratios (99/1, 94/6, 90/10, and 80/20) were melt‐blended on co‐rotating twin screw extruder and thereafter, were spun. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images represent a droplet and fibrillar morphologies for as‐extruded samples and spun blend fibers respectively. Unlike PA6 as dispersed phase, PTT droplets in PP/PTT blend system shows improved spinnability. Linear melt viscoelastic data were gathered by performing rheological approaches in linear region. Conducting frequency sweep at 240°C is revealed a terminal behavior for Gʹ and a Newtonian plateau for η* at low frequencies. However, at 195°C dynamic rheological data pertinent to fibers represent a non‐terminal trend for Gʹ and viscosity upturn at low frequencies respectively. These distinguishable characteristics can be considered as spinnability of droplets which reflect fibrillation mechanism, and fibrillar growth can be followed by scanning the viscoelastic responses at low frequency region which enhanced upon fibril growth. According to SEM and rheological test results, PTT, as an engineering plastics, manifests higher capability of forming nano fibrils.
Cooperation of a Nickel–Bipyridine Complex with Light for Benzylic C−H Arylation of Toluene Derivatives
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Masuda Yusuke , Ishikawa Norikazu , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBenzylic C−H bonds of toluene derivatives are directly arylated with aryl bromides by means of a catalytic system of nickel–bipyridine under irradiation with UV light. The catalyst system is simple and all the components are readily available, and thus, the present system offers a convenient maneuver to shape aryl–benzyl linkages.
Carbon‐Incorporated Nickel–Cobalt Mixed Metal Phosphide Nanoboxes with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: He Peilei , Yu Xin‐Yao , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHollow nanostructures have attracted increasing research interest in electrochemical energy storage and conversion owing to their unique structural features. However, the synthesis of hollow nanostructured metal phosphides, especially nonspherical hollow nanostructures, is rarely reported. Herein, we develop a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based strategy to synthesize carbon incorporated Ni–Co mixed metal phosphide nanoboxes (denoted as NiCoP/C). The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is selected as a demonstration to investigate the electrochemical performance of the NiCoP/C nanoboxes. For comparison, Ni–Co layered double hydroxide (Ni–Co LDH) and Ni–Co mixed metal phosphide (denoted as NiCoP) nanoboxes have also been synthesized. Benefiting from their structural and compositional merits, the as‐synthesized NiCoP/C nanoboxes exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and long‐term stability for OER.
Dynamic Macromolecular Material Design—The Versatility of Cyclodextrin‐Based Host–Guest Chemistry
Authors: Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDynamic and adaptive materials are powerful constructs in macromolecular and polymer chemistry with a wide array of applications in drug delivery, bioactive systems, and self‐healing materials. Very often, dynamic materials are based on carefully tailored cyclodextrin host–guest interactions. The precise incorporation of these host and guest moieties into macromolecular building blocks allows the formation of complex macromolecular structures with predefined functions. Thus, dynamic materials with extraordinary adaptive property profiles—responsive to thermal, chemical, and photonic fields—become accessible. This Review explores the hierarchical formation of dynamic materials and complex macromolecular structures from the molecular via the macromolecular to the colloidal and macroscopic level, with a specific emphasis on the functionality and responsiveness of the assemblies, specifically in biological contexts.
The relation between individual interest and knowledge acquisition
Authors: Rotgans Jerome I. , Schmidt Henk G. 
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study was to examine how individual interest and knowledge acquisition are causally related. Three hypotheses were tested using a cross‐lagged panel analysis (N = 186) and two quasi‐experimental studies (N = 68 and N = 108) involving students from schools in Singapore. The first hypothesis is the broadly shared standard assumption on the relation between individual interest and knowledge: the more an individual is interested in a topic, the more (s)he is willing to engage in learning. An alternative hypothesis assumes that individual interest is not the cause but the consequence of the process of learning: individual interest as an affective by‐product of learning. Finally, a third possibility is that interest and knowledge influence each other reciprocally. The results supported the affective‐by‐product hypothesis. Our findings seem at variance with commonly held conceptions that being interested guides knowledge attainment. The implications of these findings for interest research are discussed.
Locoregional relapse after gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Chang J S , Kim K H , Yoon H I , Hyung W J , Rha S Y , Kim H S , Lee Y C , Lim J S , Noh S H , Koom W S 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Risk for and site of locoregional relapse have not been well studied in patients undergoing gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods
Patients who had undergone gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer between 2004 and 2007 were identified from an institutional database. The locoregional relapse rate was estimated by competing risk analysis, and risk groups were derived according to locoregional relapse risk using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA). The locations of nodal relapses were evaluated according to Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma criteria.

Results
Some 2618 patients were included. With a median follow-up of 78·0 (range 28·5–122·6) months, relapse was diagnosed in 471 of 2618 patients (18·0 per cent). The cumulative incidence of locoregional relapse at 5 years was 8·5 (95 per cent c.i. 7·4 to 9·6) per cent. The 5-year locoregional recurrence rates for high-risk (N3), intermediate-risk (N1–2) and low-risk (N0) groups were 32·4, 12·3 and 1·7 per cent respectively (P &lt; 0·001). Among patients with regional relapse, 90·4 per cent had involvement outside the D2 dissected area, and the most commonly involved site was station 16b1. This pattern was maintained in the RPA risk groups (P = 0·329).

Conclusion
Locoregional relapse at 5 years after gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was 8·5 per cent, and was most often seen outside the D2 dissected area.
Tandem Diels–Alder Reaction of Dimethylfuran and Ethylene and Dehydration to para‐Xylene Catalyzed by Zeotypic Lewis Acids
Authors: Patet Ryan E. , Fan Wei , Vlachos Dionisios G. , Caratzoulas Stavros 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe zeotypic Lewis acids Sn‐BEA, Zr‐BEA, and Ti‐BEA have recently been reported to catalyze the synthesis of p‐xylene by dehydrative aromatization of the Diels–Alder product between 2,5‐dimethylfuran and ethylene. Although it has been shown that these Lewis acids can catalyze the dehydration of the Diels–Alder cycloadduct, the tandem scheme precludes decoupling of the two steps needed to infer whether these same catalysts can catalyze the Diels–Alder step. We have employed electronic structure calculations and microkinetic modelling to investigate the Diels–Alder aromatization of 2,5‐dimethylfuran and ethylene to p‐xylene over the Lewis‐acidic zeotypes Sn‐, Zr‐, and Ti‐BEA. We show that there is only minor catalysis of the Diels–Alder reaction, solely attributable to confinement phenomena varying with the translational freedom allowed to the species inside the zeolite. Microkinetic modelling and sensitivity analysis of the computed rates show that the heterogeneous Diels–Alder pathway does not contribute to the overall rate, and that the homogeneous cycloaddition is rate‐limiting at high acid site concentrations. Only the partially hydrolyzed (“open”) Lewis acid sites are found to be catalytically active, with moderately Brønsted‐acidic silanol groups formed, which catalyze 2,5‐dimethylfuran hydrolysis. Of the Lewis acids tested in this work, Zr‐BEA and Sn‐BEA have similar activities, in agreement with experiment, whereas Ti‐BEA is found to be inactive, suggesting that the recently reported Ti‐BEA activity was likely a result of Brønsted‐acidic defect sites.
Electrochemical Performance and Storage Mechanism of Ag2Mo2O7 Micro‐rods as the Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Meina , Gao Yu , Chen Nan , Ge Xin , Chen Hong , Wei Yingjin , Du Fei , Chen Gang , Wang Chunzhong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAg2Mo2O7 micro‐rods are prepared by one‐step hydrothermal method and their lithium electrochemical properties, as the anode for lithium‐ion batteries, are comprehensively studied in terms of galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and rate performance measurements. The electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 825 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and a superior rate capability with a discharge capacity of 263 mAh g−1 under the high current density of 2 Ag−1. The structural transition and phase evolution of Ag2Mo2O7 were investigated by using ex situ XRD and TEM. The Ag2Mo2O7 electrode is likely to be decomposed into amorphous molybdenum, Li2O, and metallic silver based on the conversion reaction. Silver nanoparticles are not involved in the subsequent electrochemical cycles to form a homogeneous conducting network. Such in situ decomposition behavior provides an insight into the mechanism of the electrochemical reaction for the anode materials and would contribute to the design of new electrode materials in future.
Remote Terpyridine Integrated NHC–IrIII Luminophores as Potential Dual‐Emissive Ratiometric O2 Probes
Authors: Gupta Suraj K. , Haridas Anagha , Choudhury Joyanta 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new class of bi‐luminophoric dyad has been designed, consisting of an oxygen‐sensitive phosphorescent NHC–IrIII center with a remotely integrated oxygen‐insensitive fluorescent terpyridine unit. The new terpyridine flurophore‐integrated NHC–IrIII molecule was demonstrated as a potential ratiometric O2 probe with built‐in internal reference, exhibiting tunable dual‐emissive features, as well as highly linear and reversible O2‐response behavior.
Sustainable Hypersaline Microbial Fuel Cells: Inexpensive Recyclable Polymer Supports for Carbon Nanotube Conductive Paint Anodes
Authors: Grattieri Matteo , Shivel Nelson D. , Sifat Iram , Bestetti Massimiliano , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells are an emerging technology for wastewater treatment, but to be commercially viable and sustainable, the electrode materials must be inexpensive, recyclable, and reliable. In this study, recyclable polymeric supports were explored for the development of anode electrodes to be applied in single‐chamber microbial fuel cells operated in field under hypersaline conditions. The support was covered with a carbon nanotube (CNT) based conductive paint, and biofilms were able to colonize the electrodes. The single‐chamber microbial fuel cells with Pt‐free cathodes delivered a reproducible power output after 15 days of operation to achieve 12±1 mW m−2 at a current density of 69±7 mA m−2. The decrease of the performance in long‐term experiments was mostly related to inorganic precipitates on the cathode electrode and did not affect the performance of the anode, as shown by experiments in which the cathode was replaced and the fuel cell performance was regenerated. The results of these studies show the feasibility of polymeric supports coated with CNT‐based paint for microbial fuel cell applications.
A high‐performance belief propagation decoding algorithm for codes with short cycles
Authors: Karimi‐Lenji Ali , Houshmand Monireh , Zarmehi Fahimeh 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe simplicity of decoding is one of the most important characteristics of the low density parity check (LDPC) codes. Belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm is a well‐known decoding algorithm for LDPC codes. Most LDPC codes with long lengths have short cycles in their Tanner graphs, which reduce the performance of the BP algorithm. In this paper, we present 2 methods to improve the BP decoding algorithm for LDPC codes. In these methods, the calculation of the variable nodes is controlled by using “multiplicative correction factor” and “additive correction factor.” These factors are obtained for 2 separate channels, namely additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and binary symmetric channel (BSC), as 2 functions of code and channel parameters. Moreover, we use the BP‐based method in the calculation of the check nodes, which reduces the required resources. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm has better performance and lower decoding error as compared to BP and similar methods like normalized‐BP and offset‐BP algorithms.
Riparian plant species preferences indicate diversification of site conditions after river restoration
Authors: Modrak Patrick , Brunzel Stefan , Lorenz Armin W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNumerous river restoration projects have been undertaken to improve the hydromorphology of rivers and their floodplains. Subsequent ecological monitoring is usually restricted to instream quality assessment, but riparian areas and floodplains are rarely assessed. A good indicator for riparian assessment could be vegetation as its diversity is dependent on functioning hydromorphological processes. We used a comparative survey to test the effect of newly created river morphological features on riparian plant composition at restored reaches relative to nonrestored reaches. We investigated 43 larger river restoration projects in Western Germany, realized between 1987 and 2008. The vegetation surveys were conducted between 2005 and 2013. We hypothesized that (a) morphological river restoration leads to the diversification of riparian vegetation, higher reach‐scale habitat heterogeneity, and optimized habitats. These changes will (b) be reflected by ecological preferences indicating hydromorphological functioning. We detected significantly higher species diversity in restored reaches. New habitats and hydrological interactions in the active channel and with the floodplains were fundamental, with the latter indicated by species preferences. In restored reaches, we observed higher percentages of plants indicating regular flooding, significantly higher mean moisture tolerances, and an extended range of moisture preferences. Morphological river restoration can diversify and fundamentally influence riparian vegetation. Ecologically meaningful projects should address the rehabilitation of abiotic processes, focusing on a functioning flooding regime and near‐natural riparian habitats. Riparian vegetation will reflect the improvements and consequently could be used as an indicator for restoration efforts. Thus, riparian vegetation assessment is worthy of consideration through legal obligations.