bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Dual Growth Factor Delivery From Microparticles Incorporated Within Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates for Enhanced Bone Tissue Engineering via Endochondral Ossification
Authors: Dang Phuong N. , Dwivedi Neha , Phillips Lauren M. , Yu Xiaohua , Herberg Samuel , Bowerman Caitlin , Solorio Loran D. , Murphy William L. , Alsberg Eben 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBone tissue engineering via endochondral ossification has been explored by chondrogenically priming cells using soluble mediators for at least 3 weeks to produce a hypertrophic cartilage template. Although recapitulation of endochondral ossification has been achieved, long-term in vitro culture is required for priming cells through repeated supplementation of inductive factors in the media. To address this challenge, a microparticle-based growth factor delivery system was engineered to drive endochondral ossification within human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates. Sequential exogenous presentation of soluble transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) at various defined time courses resulted in varying degrees of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis as demonstrated by glycosaminoglycan and calcium content. The time course that best induced endochondral ossification was used to guide the development of the microparticle-based controlled delivery system for TGF-β1 and BMP-2. Gelatin microparticles capable of relatively rapid release of TGF-β1 and mineral-coated hydroxyapatite microparticles permitting more sustained release of BMP-2 were then incorporated within hMSC aggregates and cultured for 5 weeks following the predetermined time course for sequential presentation of bioactive signals. Compared with cell-only aggregates treated with exogenous growth factors, aggregates with incorporated TGF-β1- and BMP-2-loaded microparticles exhibited enhanced chondrogenesis and alkaline phosphatase activity at week 2 and a greater degree of mineralization by week 5. Staining for types I and II collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin revealed the presence of cartilage and bone. This microparticle-incorporated system has potential as a readily implantable therapy for healing bone defects without the need for long-term in vitro chondrogenic priming.SignificanceThis study demonstrates the regulation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis with regard to endochondral bone formation in high-density stem cell systems through the controlled presentation of inductive factors from incorporated microparticles. This work lays the foundation for a rapidly implantable tissue engineering system that promotes bone repair via endochondral ossification, a pathway that can delay the need for a functional vascular network and has an intrinsic ability to promote angiogenesis. The modular nature of this system lends well to using different cell types and/or growth factors to induce endochondral bone formation, as well as the production of other tissue types.
LED šviestuvų fotonų srauto tankio poveikis salotų ir daržovių daigų fotosintetiniams rodikliams
Authors: Bagdonavičienė Aistė , Brazaitytė Aušra , Jankauskienė Julė , Vaštakaitė Viktorija , Duchovskis Pavelas 
Published: December 2015

Atliktas tyrimas siekiant parinkti optimalų naujų puslaidininkinių lempų apšvietimo spektrą bei fotosintetiškai aktyvios spinduliuotės (FAS) fotonų srauto tankį auginant kokybiškus agurkų, pomidorų daigus ir salotines daržoves, taip pat įvertinti jų produktyvumą ir fotosintetinius rodiklius. Nustatyta, kad dėl pramoninių šviesą emituojančių diodų (angl. LED) šviestuvų ir skirtingo fotonų srauto tankio poveikio šiltnamyje auginti agurkų ir pomidorų daigai, salotos, apšviestos LED kartu su dienos šviesa, turėjo geresnį grynąjį fotosintezės produktyvumą (GPF), santykinį augimo greitį (SAG) ir išlaikė tinkamą antžeminės dalies ir šaknų santykį (AŠS), palyginti su augalais, augintais po SON-T Agro lempomis natūralios dienos šviesos fone. Uždaroje kontroliuojamo klimato kameroje (fitotrone) auginti agurkų ir pomidorų daigai bei salotos, apšviestos LED šviesa, turėjo labai aukštą grynąjį fotosintezės produktyvumą (GPF), santykinį augimo greitį (SAG) ir išlaikė tinkamą antžeminės dalies ir šaknų santykį (AŠS). FAS 250 µmol m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> pastebimai mažino lapų ploto santykį (LPS), specifinį lapų plotą (SLP) ir lapų masės santykį (LSS).
Mineralinio azoto kaita kalvoto reljefo skirtingos granuliometrinės sudėties dirvožemiuose
Authors: Žičkienė Lina , Staugaitis Gediminas , Mažvila Jonas , Masevičienė Aistė , Narutytė Ieva 
Published: December 2015

Tyrimai atlikti 2011–2014 m. LAMMC Kaltinėnų bandymų stoties dviejuose skirtinguose dirvožemio dangos laukuose siekiant ištirti mineralinio azoto (N<sub>min</sub>) kaitą 0–30, 30–60 ir 60–90 cm dirvožemio sluoksniuose, nustatyti jos dėsningumus augalų vegetacijos periodu (rudenį, pavasarį ir vasarą) įvairaus įmirkimo, skirtingos granuliometrinės sudėties ir įvairiuose kalvos elementuose esančiuose dirvožemiuose. Atliktais tyrimais nustatyta, kad N<sub>min</sub> koncentracija drenuotuose giliau karbonatinguose šlynžemiuose (<i>Endocalc(ar)ic Gleysols</i>) dėl didesnio organinės medžiagos kiekio ir mineralizacijos vasarą būna didesnė negu paprastuose giliau glėjiškuose išplautžemiuose (<i>Hapli-Endohypogleyic Luvisols</i>), o pavasarį jo išsiplauna daugiau. Lengvesnės granuliometrinės sudėties dirvožemiuose giliau glėjiškuose pasotintuose palvažemiuose (<i>Endohypogleyi-Eutric Planosols</i>) (ps/s<sub>1</sub>/p<sub>1</sub>) (sl/s<sub>1</sub>/l<sub>1</sub>) N<sub>min</sub> po rudens–žiemos laikotarpio iš viršutinių dirvožemio sluoksnių išplaunama daugiau negu iš sunkesnės paprastųjų giliau glėjiškų išplautžemių (<i>Hapli-Endohypogleyic Luvisols</i>) (p<sub>1</sub>/p<sub>1</sub>/s<sub>1</sub>) (l<sub>1</sub>/l<sub>1</sub>/s<sub>1</sub>). Kalvotame plote N<sub>min</sub> daugiausia susikaupė kalvos papėdėje esančiuose deliuviniuose pasotintuose rudžemiuose (<i>Fluvi-Eutric Cambisols</i>), o mažiausia – kalvos šlaite vidutiniškai eroduotuose paprastuose išplautžemiuose (<i>Haplic Luvisols (moderately eroded)</i>). Juose neesant dengiamųjų augalų dėl dirvožemio erozijos po rudens– žiemos laikotarpio N<sub>min</sub> pokyčiai būna didžiausi.
Highly durable silica-coated Pt/carbon nanotubes for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells application
Authors: Yaowarat Wattanachai , Li Oi Lun Helena , Saito Nagahiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (Pt/CNTs) have been used as an electrocatalyst in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). These catalysts show higher activity in oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFCs than conventional carbon-black-supported Pt nanoparticles. However, their durability is lower than that of other metal-alloy-based or nonmetal-based catalysts. In this study, Pt/CNTs were synthesized by solution plasma followed by coating with silica layer by the sol–gel method using a cationic surfactant [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)]. This material can be used as a cathode in PEMFCs. The silica layer was coated on the surface of Pt/CNTs to prevent agglomeration and detachment of Pt nanoparticles from carbon nanotubes during operation. The formation of silica layers significantly improved the durability of the Pt/CNT catalysts under acidic conditions. After 300 cycles of the cyclic voltammetry test in 0.5#M sulfuric acid (H2SO4), silica-coated Pt/CNTs increased the durability by 43.0 and 24.0% compared with those of noncoated commercial Pt/C and Pt/CNTs, respectively.
Multigraphene growth on lead-pencil drawn sliver halide print paper irradiated by scanning femtosecond laser
Authors: Kaneko Satoru , Shimizu Yoshitada , Rachi Takeshi , Kato Chihiro , Tanaka Satomi , Naganuma Yasuhiro , Katakura Toru , Satoh Kazuo , Ushiyama Mikio , Konuma Seiji , Itou Yuko , Takikawa Hirofumi , Tan Goon , Matsuda Akifumi , Yoshimoto Mamoru 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Drawings were made on various types of paper using lead pencils of grades from 4H through 10B. Raman spectroscopy verified both G and D peaks on all the drawings on PC print paper, PC photopaper, kent paper, and paper for silver halide print. After irradiation with a scanning femtosecond laser, silver halide paper drawn on with a 10B lead pencil maintained its surface flatness compared with the other types of paper. Raman spectroscopy on silver print paper showed a high-intensity G peak and a low-intensity D peak. After irradiating the scanning femtosecond laser on silver halide paper drawn on with a 10B lead pencil, Raman spectroscopy showed a high-intensity G peak and less intense of D peak together with a 2D peak around 2,700 cm−1 corresponding to the existence of multigraphene.
Strength of plasma coating and effect of a plasma coating on hydrogen entry
Authors: Nishiguchi Hiroshi , Ohshima Tamiko , Kawasaki Hiroharu , Fukuda Takayuki 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The strength of a plasma coating and the effect of the plasma coating on hydrogen entry were investigated to establish a method that provides a base material with highly resistant to hydrogen entry and embrittlement. Aluminum alloy A6061, which is highly resistant to hydrogen gas atmosphere, was employed as the coating material (300 W, 17 h, ∼40 µm thickness). Two types of specimen prepared by the hydrogen-charging method were adopted: the coated and uncoated specimens were (1) immersed in 20 mass % ammonium thiocyanate aqueous solution at 313 K for 48 h, or (2) exposed to hydrogen gas atmosphere at 100 MPa and 270 °C for 200 h. Hydrogen content measurements revealed that the A6061 plasma coating is highly resistant to hydrogen entry in corrosive environments. The coating reduced hydrogen entry by ∼50% during exposure to hydrogen gas atmosphere at 100 MPa and 270 °C. Moreover, the plasma coating method was found to be applicable in the elastic deformation region of the base material.
Recuperación de cobre y otros metales mediante bacterias acidofilas desde scraps de teléfonos móviles
Authors: Manuel Sandoval , Mauricio Santibáñez , José Gallardo Ma. , Matías Castro , Ricardo y González Alex 
Published: December 2015

Resumen
La finalidad de esta investigación fue evaluar y caracterizar la capacidad de solubilizar de metales contenidos en las placas de circuitos integrados (scraps) de teléfonos móviles en desuso mediante biolixiviación enriquecida con electrolitos de baterías en desuso (EBD). Se evaluó la capacidad catalítica de cultivos puros y mixtos de bacterias acidófilas A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 (A.f) y A. thiooxidans DSM 9463 (A.t). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los cultivos mixtos presentan la mejor actividad catalítica para solubilizar Cu y Ni desde scraps de teléfonos móviles a 240 horas de incubación. Estos cultivos logran solubilizar Cu, Ni en cantidades de 9.685 y 211,8 mg/L respectivamente, representando al 65 y 58,8 % del contenido metálico presente en las scrap. Adicional a esto, se determinó la adhesión bacteriana sobre la superficie de las scrap durante el proceso lixiviativo evidenciado que el proceso es realizado por bacterias adheridas y planctónicas. Por lo tanto, se logró establecer la factibilidad de solubilizar el contenido metálico presente en las scrap de teléfonos móviles mediante biolixiviación enriquecida con EBD, siendo una posible alternativa para el tratamiento de los desperdicios electrónicos.
Agathon of Samos (
FGrH
843)
Authors: Alley Dennis R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Agathon (
FGrH
843) was a Greek historian of uncertain date. His work predates the first century
ce
. He demonstrates considerable interest in geography and mythography and has a particularly strong interest in the history of his home, Samos, and Scythia.
Agias and Derkylos (
FGrH
305)
Authors: Alley Dennis R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Agias and Derkylos (
FGrH
305) are two ancient Greek historians of uncertain date, likely dated to the fourth or third centuries
ce
. Their extensive interest in mythography of the Argolid made them a natural choice for Hellenistic historians and poets looking to include early mythographic entities in their work.
Ainesidamos (

FGrH

600)
Authors: Goldberg Charles 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Ainesidamos (
FGrH
600) (also Ainesidemos) was the author of a local history of the small Cycladic island of Tenos, the
Teniaka
. Only one fragment survives from this work. He may have lived sometime between the end of the fourth century and the second century
bce
.
Akko
Authors: Vacek Alexander 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Akko was an important Iron Age seaport located 18 km north of Haifa. Solomon perhaps gave the town as a gift to Hiram, king of Tyre, along with a total of twenty cities. The town was destroyed by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in the seventh century
bce,
but resumed its importance under Persian rule.
Balearic Islands
Authors: Smith Alexander 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

The Balearic Islands are located off the eastern coast of Spain and consist of five major islands (Menorca, Mallorca, Cabrera, Ibiza, and Formentera). In the third and second millennia
bce
, humans permanently settled Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera. They used caves to bury their dead, erected freestanding dolmens, and constructed naviform dwellings and naveta funerary structures. The first millennium
bce
saw the construction of
talayots
and eventually the development of sanctuaries on Menorca and Mallorca, including the ceremonial taula precincts of Menorca. In the second century
bce
, the Romans conquered the islands and retained control of the group until the Vandal conquest of the fifth century
ce
, which was in turn followed by Byzantine conquest in the sixth century
ce
.
Conventus
Authors: Cordovana Orietta Dora 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe grammarian Festus gave a concise definition ofconventuson the basis of the word's usage during the second centuryce. The termconventus civium romanorumreferred to communities of Roman citizens who lived in a provincial territory, either in big cities (civitates peregrinae) or in small villages (vici) and districts (pagi) in the cities’ hinterland. However, the more specific termconventus iuridicuswas applied to the judicial assizes of Roman governors in the provinces and to the cities and districts where the trials were hold. It was a major privilege for a city to be the location of aconventus iuridicus, since it gained both status and economic advantages from the presence of the governor and his entourage. The institution ofconventus iuridicusboth provided the locations and created the administrative mechanism by which the Romans managed legal interactions and handled disputes between Roman citizens and the non‐citizen inhabitants of the provinces.
Cult instruments, Greek
Authors: Roller Lynn E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Special implements were needed for the rituals that formed part of Greek religious practice. The most common Greek ritual was animal sacrifice, and the essential instruments for it were a basket called
kanoun
, which held the cult tools, a basin for the priest to wash his hands, and the knife used to kill the animal. Mystery rituals, which were limited to those initiated into the mystery cult, had their own set of sacred objects; these included torches, since mystery rituals usually took place at night, and a pottery bowl, the
plemochoe
, for making offerings to the deities worshipped in the mysteries. Special objects were also used in rites of passage – that is, cult rituals that marked important transitions in human life; such objects included distinctive pottery shapes for weddings and funerals.
Dikaiarchos of Messene
Authors: Verhasselt Gertjan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Dikaiarchos (ca. 370/350–post 323
bce
) from Messene on Sicily was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, a pupil of Aristotle, and a friend of Aristoxenos. He wrote on cultural history, literature (Homer, Alcaeus, drama), philosophers (the Seven Sages, Pythagoras, Plato), geography, politics, ethics, and the soul. Cicero greatly admired him. All of Dikaiarchos’ works are now lost, however, and are only known through citations in preserved writers.
Dispilio in Macedonia
Authors: Nikolaidou Marianna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Dispilio, a Neolithic village by the lake of Kastoria in Macedonia, northwestern Greece, is the first lacustrine settlement excavated in the Aegean. Early platform houses raised on the shore were later replaced by buildings on dry land. Systematic research revealed well‐preserved structural wood and clay, extensive evidence for freshwater fishing and hunting, and a wealth of utilitarian and symbolic artifacts – local and imported. A reconstruction of prehistoric households can be visited on location. There are also remains of later periods (Bronze Age to modern).
Egypt, Ptolemaic period
Authors: Gorre Gilles 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

After the battle of Issus (333
bce
) and the defeat of the Persian king Darius III, Alexander the Great entered Egypt in 332. This was the beginning of the Ptolemaic period, named after Ptolemy, son of Lagos, who succeeded Alexander in 323
bce
, first as satrap, and then as formal ruler of Egypt in 305. Ptolemy thus became the founder of the dynasty that ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest by Octavian (30
bce
).
Gavdos
Authors: Karadimas Nektarios 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The island of Gavdos is situated southwest of Crete in the Libyan Sea. An extensive interdisciplinary survey conducted in the 1990s showed that the island was inhabited from the Early Paleolithic to modern times. In recent years, excavations have brought to light significant archaeological remains, among which is a building complex of about 550 sq m at the site of Katalymata, which dates back to the Bronze Age.
Heresiology
Authors: Lyman Rebecca 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This polemical theological genre was created within ancient Christianity in order to define and promote certain ideas as “right belief” (orthodoxy) and to exclude others as innovative, demonic, and false (heresy). Entwined with its development was the emergence of concepts such as tradition, canon of scripture, and apostolic succession as well as that of negative labels and classifications of the theological errors that were repeated and embellished over several centuries by a variety of authors. Given the constant and divisive nature of theological debate among Christians, the discourse did not achieve the ideals of unity and stability but rather revealed a continued intellectual negotiation with contemporary culture, religious multiplicity, and political change in Roman society. After the establishment of orthodox Christianity as the sole religion of the Roman Empire, heresiological categories became the basis for the criminalization of religious dissent and difference in Roman law.
Hermippos of Smyrna
Authors: Dorandi Tiziano 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Hermippos (
FGrH
1026) was a native of Smyrna in Asia Minor but lived in Alexandria in Egypt, in the second half of the third century
bce
. He wrote biographies of philosophers, poets, orators, and historians; several titles of his writings and numerous fragments from his works have survived. Hermippos’ biographies belong to a type of literary production that is considered a special form of historiography. In antiquity they were highly esteemed and were often used by later authors.
Laodike
III
, wife of Antiochos
III
Authors: D'Agostini Monica 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Laodike III was the daughter of Mithradates II of Pontos and the Seleucid princess Laodike, daughter of Antiochos II Theos. In 222
bce
she was married to Antiochos III (“the Great”) and proclaimed queen. Laodike gave birth to two Seleucid kings and a Seleucid queen. As a Seleucid queen she is better attested in documentary evidence than any of her predecessors: she received honors from cities where she acted as benefactor and engaged in humanitarian initiatives. Laodike was also the first Seleucid queen to be featured in the kingdom's ruler cult.
Lex Claudia de nave senatorum
Authors: Linke Bernhard 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Before or in the first stages of the Second Punic War, the Roman popular assembly passed a puzzling law: Livy briefly mentions that this
lex Claudia de nave senatorum
prohibited the senators from employing ships with a capacity of more than three hundred amphorae (Livy 21.63.3). Reportedly, it was extremely unpopular within the senatorial elite with only one senator, C. Flaminius, supporting it. Modern interpretations range from moral self‐regulation over restriction of the economic perspectives of the senatorial elite to a clash over war profits between the senatorial and the non‐senatorial Roman upper class. The steady and quite unpopular fusion of private and official state policy, especially in maritime operations, formed the background of the law.
Meyer, Eduard (1855–1930)
Authors: Chambers Mortimer 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Eduard Meyer (1855–1930) was the last historian to attempt a comprehensive history of the ancient world based on documents read in their original languages. Following its completion in 1902, Meyer continued, with the aid of a former student, to supplement the great work. Among his particular interests were the roles of economics and religion both in both ancient and modern societies. He was warmly received in America where he lectured widely before World War I.
Orientalizing
Authors: Charalambidou Xenia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe term designates a range of concepts: a style of painted pottery or, more generally, a style in various artistic media, which is characterized by borrowings from the Near East and Egypt; a period/cultural phase that is traditionally linked to the eighth and seventh centuriesbce; or a broader cultural phenomenon. During the last twenty‐five years, scholars have introduced a comprehensive rethinking of the “Orientalizing,” and have demonstrated that interaction between East and West is not confined to these centuries, but can be traced back to the Bronze Age.
Paideia
Authors: King Daniel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article investigates current thinking onpaideiain the Roman imperial period.Paideiatranslates not only as “education,” but also a general affiliation with Greek culture; to be apepaideumenos, one had to be able to display one's immersion in the Greek cultural, literary, and philosophical canon. Traditionally, scholars have seen the importance attributed to education or culture during the imperial period as a salve for alleviating the conditions of political and imperial disenfranchisement: Greeks were interested in Greek culture because they were trying compensate for their lack of political power under the imperial regime. Here, it is argued that Greek culture should be seen as a type of discursive field, in which elites from across the empire used their relationship withpaideiato navigate the complexities of elite identity and imperial society. A number of areas in which education is relevant are explored: epideictic performance, characteristic of the second sophistic; self‐reflexive explorations and analyses of the nature of education and culture in a number of literary contexts; technical writing; and as a means for managing emotional experience.
Parmenides of Elea
Authors: Palmer John A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractParmenides (ca. 515–after 450bce) of Elea in Campania composed a philosophical poem in epic hexameter on metaphysical and cosmological themes, cast in the form of a revelation imparted to him by a goddess after he journeyed to her abode in the underworld. Parmenides reports how she revealed to him the unchanging nature of true reality and, in a second stage, the natural world's principles and origins. While the significance of the first part of this revelation and the relation between its two stages has proved intensely controversial, there is nevertheless consensus on the view that Parmenides was the most profound of the early Greek philosophers.