bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dead Sea ultraviolet climatotherapy for children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kudish Avraham , Marsakova Anna , Jahn Irmgard , Gkalpakiotis Spyridon , Arenberger Peter , Harari Marco 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder. Moderate to severe cases represent an extremely disabling disease, for both children and their parents. Dead Sea climatotherapy (DSC), recognized as a natural treatment for patients with skin diseases, takes advantage of the selectively scattered ultraviolet irradiation (UV) present at the lowest terrestrial site on the earth.ObjectivesTo investigate the impact on short‐term results of DSC in moderate to severe AD children from the Czech Republic treated 4 weeks at the Deutsches Medizinisches Zentrum (DMZ), Israel, and to correlate their results to the cumulative UVA and UVB irradiation doses received during treatment.Patients and MethodsSeventy‐two patients aged <19 years were divided into three groups and treated in March 2014, October 2014, and March 2015 with gradually increasing sun exposure during 28 consecutive days. Daily and cumulative exposure doses of UVB and UVA were calculated through patients’ recorded sun exposure logs. The SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index was recorded immediately after DSC and 3 months later by the same dermatologist.ResultsGood clinical results were observed in all groups, with overall improvement in SCORAD reaching 87.5 ± 13.4% and 71.3 ± 21.3% immediately after DSC and 3 months later, respectively. No side effects were observed during the treatments. Higher cumulative exposure times correlated with better results and enhanced remission.ConclusionDead Sea climatotherapy represents a valuable option for the treatment of AD in children. Medically controlled and prescribed sun exposure seems to directly and positively influence the results obtained.
Poplar plantations in coastal China: towards the identification of the best rotation age for optimal soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Wang G. B. , Deng F. F. , Xu W. H. , Chen H. Y. H. , Ruan H. H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPoplar plantations are an important resource in China, which possess significant potential to offset carbon (C) emissions through the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) within biomass and soil. The traditional rotation age of poplar plantations is determined by maximizing the economic return from timber production. However, the optimal rotation age that results in the highest level of carbon sequestration within the soil remains unclear. In this study, we examined the total C, nitrogen (N) and microbial biomass (SMB) content of soils, as well as other properties in 0–10, 10–25 and 25–40 cm soil profiles along a 0‐ to 20‐yr chronosequence in a coastal region of Eastern China. Soil C stocks were determined for 1 m soil profiles, and the stand biomass in poplar plantations of different ages was investigated. We found that C concentrations within soils increased with plantation age, primarily in the topsoil layers. The periodic annual increment of C in soils peaked between stand ages of from 6 to 10 yr (0.71 t/ha/yr) and then decreased considerably at 17.5 yr, while the mean annual increment of C in soils was the highest at 15 yr (0.573 t/ha/yr). Soil C accumulation (i.e. soil C sequestration) was positively correlated with poplar biomass, soil N and SMB, and negatively correlated with soil potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), but not with sulphur (S) or phosphorus (P). Our results suggest that a rotation age of 15 yr is optimal for the sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in poplar plantations in the coastal region of Eastern China. The C sequestration capacity of soil was primarily controlled by poplar biomass, soil N and SMB.
A molecular dynamics study of the effect of glycosidic linkage type in the hemicellulose backbone on the molecular chain flexibility
Authors: Berglund Jennie , Angles d'Ortoli Thibault , Vilaplana Francisco , Widmalm Göran , Bergenstråhle‐Wohlert Malin , Lawoko Martin , Henriksson Gunnar , Lindström Mikael , Wohlert Jakob 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe macromolecular conformation of the constituent polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass influences their supramolecular interactions, and therefore their function in plants and their performance in technical products. The flexibility of glycosidic linkages from the backbone of hemicelluloses was studied by evaluating the conformational freedom of the φ and ψ dihedral angles using molecular dynamic simulations, additionally selected molecules were correlated with experimental data by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three types of β‐(1→4) glycosidic linkages involving the monosaccharides (Glcp, Xylp and Manp) present in the backbone of hemicelluloses were defined. Different di‐ and tetrasaccharides with combinations of such sugar monomers from hemicelluloses were simulated, and free energy maps of the φ – ψ space and hydrogen‐bonding patterns were obtained. The glycosidic linkage between Glc‐Glc or Glc‐Man (C‐type) was the stiffest with mainly one probable conformation; the linkage from Man‐Man or Man‐Glc (M‐type) was similar but with an increased probability for an alternative conformation making it more flexible, and the linkage between two Xyl‐units (X‐type) was the most flexible with two almost equally populated conformations. Glycosidic linkages of the same type showed essentially the same conformational space in both disaccharides and in the central region of tetrasaccharides. Different probabilities of glycosidic linkage conformations in the backbone of hemicelluloses can be directly estimated from the free energy maps, which to a large degree affect the overall macromolecular conformations of these polymers. The information gained contributes to an increased understanding of the function of hemicelluloses both in the cell wall and in technical products.
On Some Relevant Effects in the Simulation of Flow Stability With Fluids at Supercritical Pressure
Authors: Ambrosini Walter 
Published: July 2016

The paper collects and discusses findings emerging from the analysis of systems operating with fluids at supercritical pressure, with reference to flow stability. In particular, the influence of heating structures and numerical diffusion on the predicted dynamic behavior is highlighted, clarifying that results obtained paying little attention to the presence of these effects should be reconsidered for a better realistic prediction of stability characteristics. Examples of applications in which truncation error and the presence of heating structures play an important role are reported, in order to warn about a tendency to underestimate these effects on the basis of the knowledge of similar phenomena (e.g., in two-phase flow) or system configurations in which they might play a lesser role. The use of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code in the analysis of a simple single-tube stability problem shows that models more complex than the usual one-dimensional (1D) ones also show similar effects. The results obtained by 1D numerical tools developed for the analysis of natural circulation with supercritical pressure fluids, equipped with the capability to simulate linear and nonlinear stability with first- and second-order explicit schemes, are then reported. The discussion of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors calculated for an existing natural circulation loop and a single channel highlight interesting aspects that can be helpful in understanding the results of stability analyses. The CFD code analysis adds additional aspects of interest for the discussion.
SU‐A‐BRC‐00: AAPM Medical Physics Student Meeting: The Many Paths of Medical Physics
Authors: Roth Alison 
Published: July 2016

This year's Annual Student Meeting consists of a panel of professionals who have pursued a traditional education in medical physics and have since pursued a variety of careers. These range from chief medical physicist, small business founder, FDA scientist, industry R&D scientist, and academic researcher. Each panelist will discuss their education, positions that they have held leading to their current one, and factors that influenced them to pursue their careers. Time will be left at the end of the talk to open the floor for questions from students and trainees. Discussion between the presenters and participants is encouraged.

Learning Objectives:
The audience will learn about how to prepare for a career in medical physics.
The audience will be able to consider some of the widely different job opportunities open to medical physicists.
The audience will gain a better understanding of some future challenges facing medical physics graduates.N. Childress, I am the owner of Mobius Medical Systems, LP.
SU‐A‐BRC‐01: Welcome and introduction to Student and Trainees Day
Authors: Roth A. 
Published: July 2016

This year's Annual Student Meeting consists of a panel of professionals who have pursued a traditional education in medical physics and have since pursued a variety of careers. These range from chief medical physicist, small business founder, FDA scientist, industry R&D scientist, and academic researcher. Each panelist will discuss their education, positions that they have held leading to their current one, and factors that influenced them to pursue their careers. Time will be left at the end of the talk to open the floor for questions from students and trainees. Discussion between the presenters and participants is encouraged.

Learning Objectives:
The audience will learn about how to prepare for a career in medical physics.
The audience will be able to consider some of the widely different job opportunities open to medical physicists.
The audience will gain a better understanding of some future challenges facing medical physics graduates.N. Childress, I am the owner of Mobius Medical Systems, LP.
SU‐A‐BRC‐04: The Path of a Research and Development Physicist
Authors: Ruchala K. 
Published: July 2016

This year's Annual Student Meeting consists of a panel of professionals who have pursued a traditional education in medical physics and have since pursued a variety of careers. These range from chief medical physicist, small business founder, FDA scientist, industry R&D scientist, and academic researcher. Each panelist will discuss their education, positions that they have held leading to their current one, and factors that influenced them to pursue their careers. Time will be left at the end of the talk to open the floor for questions from students and trainees. Discussion between the presenters and participants is encouraged.

Learning Objectives:
The audience will learn about how to prepare for a career in medical physics.
The audience will be able to consider some of the widely different job opportunities open to medical physicists.
The audience will gain a better understanding of some future challenges facing medical physics graduates.N. Childress, I am the owner of Mobius Medical Systems, LP.
SU‐A‐BRC‐05: The Path of a FDA Physicist
Authors: Ochs R. 
Published: July 2016

This year's Annual Student Meeting consists of a panel of professionals who have pursued a traditional education in medical physics and have since pursued a variety of careers. These range from chief medical physicist, small business founder, FDA scientist, industry R&D scientist, and academic researcher. Each panelist will discuss their education, positions that they have held leading to their current one, and factors that influenced them to pursue their careers. Time will be left at the end of the talk to open the floor for questions from students and trainees. Discussion between the presenters and participants is encouraged.

Learning Objectives:
The audience will learn about how to prepare for a career in medical physics.
The audience will be able to consider some of the widely different job opportunities open to medical physicists.
The audience will gain a better understanding of some future challenges facing medical physics graduates.N. Childress, I am the owner of Mobius Medical Systems, LP.
SU‐A‐BRC‐07: Q&A
Authors: Roth A. 
Published: July 2016

This year's Annual Student Meeting consists of a panel of professionals who have pursued a traditional education in medical physics and have since pursued a variety of careers. These range from chief medical physicist, small business founder, FDA scientist, industry R&D scientist, and academic researcher. Each panelist will discuss their education, positions that they have held leading to their current one, and factors that influenced them to pursue their careers. Time will be left at the end of the talk to open the floor for questions from students and trainees. Discussion between the presenters and participants is encouraged.

Learning Objectives:
The audience will learn about how to prepare for a career in medical physics.
The audience will be able to consider some of the widely different job opportunities open to medical physicists.
The audience will gain a better understanding of some future challenges facing medical physics graduates.N. Childress, I am the owner of Mobius Medical Systems, LP.
SU‐C‐204‐01: A Dosimetric Investigation Into the Effects of Yttrium‐90 Radioembolization On the GI Tract: In‐Vivo and Histological Analysis in An Animal Model
Authors: Pasciak A , Nodit L , Bourgeois A , Paxton B , Arepally A , Bradley Y 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:In Yttrium‐90 (90Y) radioembolization, non‐target embolization (NTE) to the stomach or small bowel can result in ulceration, a rare but difficult to manage clinical complication. However, dosimetric thresholds for toxicity to these tissues from radioembolization have never been evaluated in a controlled setting. We performed an analysis of the effect of 90Y radioembolization in a porcine model at different absorbed‐dose endpoints.Methods:Under approval of the University of Tennessee IACUC, 6 female pigs were included in this study. Animals underwent transfemoral angiography and infusion of calibrated dosages of 90Y resin microspheres into arteries supplying part of the gastric wall. A 99mTc‐MAA simulation study was performed first to determine perfused tissue volume for treatment planning along with contrast‐enhanced CT. The pigs were monitored for side effects for 9 weeks, after which time they were euthanized and their upper gastrointestinal tracts were harvested for analysis.Results:90Y radioembolization was infused resulting in average absorbed doses of between 35.5 and 91.9 Gy to the gastric wall. No animal exhibited any signs of pain or gastrointestinal distress through the duration of the study. Excised tissue showed 1–2 small (<3.0 cm2) healed or healing superficial gastric lesions in 5 out of 6 animals. Histologic analysis demonstrated that lesion location was superficial to areas of abnormally high microsphere deposition. An analysis of microsphere deposition patterns within the gastric wall indicated a high preference for submucosal deposition. Dosimetric evaluation at the luminal mucosa performed based on microsphere deposition patterns confirmed that 90Y dosimetry techniques conventionally used in hepatic dosimetry provide a reasonable estimate of absorbed dose.Conclusion:The upper gastrointestinal tract may be less sensitive to 90Y radioembolization than previously thought. Lack of charged‐particle equilibrium at the luminal mucosa may contribute to decreased toxicity of 90Y radioembolization compared to external‐beam radiation therapy in gastrointestinal tissue.This project was supported by SIRTex Medical Ltd
SU‐C‐204‐02: Behavioral and Pathologic Differences in Mice Exposed to Proton Minibeam Arrays Versus Proton Broad Beams
Authors: Eley J , Wolfe T , Vichaya E , Quini C , Chadha A , Zhang C , Davis J , Sahoo N , Dilmanian F , Krishnan S 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:Minibeam therapy using protons or light‐ions offers a theoretical reduction of biologic damage to tissues upstream of a tumor compared to broad‐beam therapy while providing equal tumor control. The purpose of this study was to investigate behavioral and pathologic differences in mice after exposure of healthy brain to proton minibeam arrays versus proton broad beams.Methods:Twenty‐four C57BL/6J juvenile mice were divided into 5 study arms: sham irradiation (NoRT), broad‐beam 10 Gy (BB10), minibeam 10Gy (MB10), broad‐beam 30 Gy (BB30), and minibeam 30 Gy (MB30), approximate integral entrance doses. Circular beams of 100 MeV protons with 7‐mm diameter were delivered laterally through the brain, either as broad beams or as planar minibeam arrays having 300‐micron beam width and 1‐mm spacing on center. Mice were followed for 8 months using standard behavioral tests. Pathologic studies were carried out at 8 months after irradiation.Results:Peak entrance doses were 10.0, 23.8, 30.0, and 71.3 Gy for mice in BB10, MB10, BB30, and MB30, respectively. Despite the high single‐fraction doses, no animals showed signs of radiation sickness or neurophysical impairment over the 8‐month study duration. The Morris water maze alternate‐starting‐position trial showed significant evidence of better spatial learning for mice in MB10 versus BB10 (p=0.026), but other behavioral tests showed no significant differences. Glial fibrillary acidic protein stains showed gliosis in arms BB10, BB30, and MB30 but not in NoRT or MB10. A secondary finding was categorically higher epilation in broad‐beam arms compared with their minibeam dose counterparts.Conclusion:Our findings indicate trends that, despite the higher peak doses, proton minibeam therapy can reduce radiation side effects in shallow tissue and brain compared to proton broadbeam therapy. As the behavioral findings were mixed, confirmation studies are needed with larger numbers of animals.AAPM Research Seed Funding Grant
SU‐B‐BRA‐00: The Medical Physicist Value Proposition for Tomorrow and Today
Authors: Sherouse G. 
Published: July 2016

In the current rapidly changing Healthcare environment, many groups are competing for limited resources. How can medical physicists position themselves to be a relevant stakeholder in the discussion of how those resources are allocated Our value goes beyond what can be shown in a business plan and is heavily involved with safety and quality.Three areas will be explored:
What is our value?
Who needs to receive that message?
How do we communicate that message?To help frame the discussion in terms of how other stakeholders may view the value of medical physicists, a physician and an administrator will present their perspective.Lastly, a multidisciplinary panel will present real life examples of strategies that can be utilized today to establish the value of medical physicists. The presentation of these examples will lead into an interactive question and answer time.V. Willcut, I work for Elekta. There was no research associated with this talk.
SU‐B‐BRA‐02: The Medical Physics Value Proposition for Tomorrow and Today
Authors: White G. 
Published: July 2016

In the current rapidly changing Healthcare environment, many groups are competing for limited resources. How can medical physicists position themselves to be a relevant stakeholder in the discussion of how those resources are allocated Our value goes beyond what can be shown in a business plan and is heavily involved with safety and quality.Three areas will be explored:
What is our value?
Who needs to receive that message?
How do we communicate that message?To help frame the discussion in terms of how other stakeholders may view the value of medical physicists, a physician and an administrator will present their perspective.Lastly, a multidisciplinary panel will present real life examples of strategies that can be utilized today to establish the value of medical physicists. The presentation of these examples will lead into an interactive question and answer time.V. Willcut, I work for Elekta. There was no research associated with this talk.
SU‐B‐BRA‐08: Panel Member
Authors: Hazle J. 
Published: July 2016

In the current rapidly changing Healthcare environment, many groups are competing for limited resources. How can medical physicists position themselves to be a relevant stakeholder in the discussion of how those resources are allocated Our value goes beyond what can be shown in a business plan and is heavily involved with safety and quality.Three areas will be explored:
What is our value?
Who needs to receive that message?
How do we communicate that message?To help frame the discussion in terms of how other stakeholders may view the value of medical physicists, a physician and an administrator will present their perspective.Lastly, a multidisciplinary panel will present real life examples of strategies that can be utilized today to establish the value of medical physicists. The presentation of these examples will lead into an interactive question and answer time.V. Willcut, I work for Elekta. There was no research associated with this talk.
SU‐C‐204‐05: Magnetic Resonance‐Induced Adaptive Response to Orthovoltage Radiation Therapy in FSa and SA‐NH Mouse Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Mendel K , Miller R , Murley J , Sadinski M , Grdina D 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:To assess the effect of pre‐treatment Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on cell survival following orthovoltage radiation therapy.Methods:This in vitro study examined the survival of FSa cells (extracted from methylcholanthrene‐induced fibrosarcoma in the flank of a C3H female mouse) and SA‐NH cells (derived from a spontaneously arising murine sarcoma tumor) having undergone an MRI scan prior to radiation exposure. Cell cultures were kept at 37 C, in a humidified environment with 5% CO2, and were grown to confluence prior to the start of the experiment. Each cell culture underwent two, 25 minute MRIs spaced 24 hours apart using a standard brain imaging protocol. The cultures were exposed to a 2 Gy dose of radiation beginning 15 minutes after the end of each MRI scan. Irradiations were performed by a Philips RT250 X‐ray generator at 250 kVp and 15 mA. All MR imaging was performed on a 1.5 T Philips Achieva scanner using a head and neck vasculature coil.Results:Cells given an MRI scan prior to radiation exhibited an increase in mean surviving fraction of 10.8% and 9.6% in FSa and SA‐NH cells, respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant in both cell types by a student two‐tailed t test with P = 0.011 and P < 0.001 for FSa and SA‐NH, respectively.Conclusion:MRI may cause an increase in radio‐resistance in FSa and SA‐NH cells. If this biological effect is found to be consistent across other cell types and voltage ranges, these results could help inform treatment planning by improving our understanding of the joint effects of MRI and ionizing radiation.This work was supported in part under NIH grant numbers T32 EB002103, NCI R01‐CA 132998, DOE Low Dose Program/Project Grant DE‐413 SC0001271. DJ Grdina is a paid consultant to Pinnacle Biologics. DJ Grdina and JS Murley are minority equity partners in Pinnacle Oncology LLC.