bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY OF EXTENSIVELY USED MEDICINAL PLANT OF PUNICA GRANATUM
Authors: Rajeswari Devi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to examine the in vitro antioxidant property and free radical scavenging capacity of Punica granatum leaves, which are widely used in the Ayurvedic treatment.Methods: Aqueous and methanol extracts were prepared and to assess for their Phytochemical analysis to find out the various compounds and total yield of phenolic and flavonoid contents by spectrophotometer methods. Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity was estimated by using a number of chemical assays are DPPH, H2O2, FRAP, TRAP and beta carotene assay.Results: It showed that aqueous extract had greatest antioxidant activity and contained significant levels of total phenolic and flavonoids content expressed as mg of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent/g of extracts. The extracts showed antioxidant activity in vivo by protecting yeast cells against oxidative stressing agent H2O2. Conclusion: These results specified the Punica granatum is good source of natural compounds which might have benefits for health, which can be used in dietary application with a possible to reduce oxidative stress.Key words: Punica granatum, Free-radical scavenging capacity, phytochemical, antioxidant, yeast culture.
ALLEVIATION OF CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS BY ROOTS OF Catunaregam uliginosa
Authors: Sreedevi Adikay 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:Objective: To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Catunaregam ulginosa in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.Methodology: Ethanolic extract was prepared by hot extraction method and subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies. Based on acute toxicity studies nephroprotector was screened at two dose levels i.e., 200mg/kg bd wt and 400 mg/kg bd wt in both curative and prophylactic regimens. Cisplatin at a dose of 5mg/kg bd. wt was given intraperitoneally to induce nephrotoxicity. Nephroprotector activity was assessed by determining blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine(SC), urinary total protein(UTP) and creatinine clearance. Antioxidant enzymes like super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutatathione reduced (GSH) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were determined in renal tissue. Histological studies had been carried per se.Results: Animals which received cisplatin exhibited significant increase in serum marker levels, increased urinary total protein excretion and reduced creatinine clearance. Further significant decrease in GSH, SOD, CAT and increase in LPO levels was observed. Ethanolic extract of roots of Catunaregam ulginosa reversed the effects induced by cisplatin in dose dependent manner in both curative and prophylactic regimens. Histological studies substantianed the above results.Conclusion: The findings of the present study support the alleviation of cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity by the ethanolic extract of roots of Catunaregam ulginosa and thus validate its ethnomedicinal use.Key words: Catunaregam ulginosa, Cisplatin, Nephrotoxicity, Lipid peroxidation
BRUCELLAR UVEITIS IN EASTERN INDIA
Authors: Sen Anindita , Banerjee Parthajit , Dutta Devarati , Pal Manas , Ray Atanu , Das Satadal 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Brucellosis- one of the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries. Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected. Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.Government of India (Dept. of Biotechnology the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries. Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected. Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND EFFICACY EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF MYRISTICA FRAAGRANS SEED EXTRACTS AGAINST SELECTED MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Shrivastava Vikas 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Traditional plants have been proved as novel source for health care remedies. Plants are the rich source of bioactive compounds which can be useful for health care purpose. Emergence of resistance among pathogenic bacteria against available antibiotics is a common phenomenon. So the plant based bioactive molecule may be an alternative for the development of new formulation. The use of natural bioactive molecules as parental compound for development of new formulation may be safer with less side effects as compared to synthetic chemical compounds. Myristica fraagrans seed are widely used in routine life from ancient time for health care. Traditionally it is being used in for stomach related complications. So the current study pertained to the phytochemical profiling of Myristica fraagrans seed and its efficacy evaluation against some clinically significant bacterial species.Methods: In this study ethanol and acetone extract of Myristica fraagrans seed (Jaiphal) were prepared via using soxhlet apparatus. Extract were qualitatively analysed to check the phytochemical composition. Then antibacterial efficacy of prepared extracts were analysed by agar well diffusion assay against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Magetarium, Proteus mirabilis.Results: The result of phytochemical profiling shows the presence of tannin, terpenoids, alkaloids, indole and phenol. Moreover Myristica fraagrans seed extract exhibiting significant antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms.Conclusion: Finding of the study concludes that Myristica fragrans seed ( jiphal ) possess the antimicrobial capabilities against infections and/or diseases caused by chosen microorganisms and seems to be useful in the discovery of novel antibiotic drugs. KEY WORDS: Myristica fraagrans (Jaiphal), Escherichia coli., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Magetarium, Proteus mirabilis., antibacterial activity etc.
IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF MALAXIS RHEEDEI SW METHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST HELA CELL LINE AND MCF- 7 CELL LINE.
Authors: Haridas Renjini 
Published: April 2017

Cancer is a group of diseases caused by loss of cell cycle control. Cancer is associated with abnormal uncontrolled cell growth. The study was aimed to evaluation of the anticancer activity of the Malaxis rheedei Sw. on the HeLa cell line and MCF- 7cell line. The whole plant part of the Malaxis rheedei methanolic extract were tested for its inhibitory effect on HeLa Cell Line and MCF- 7cell line. The cytotoxicity of Malaxis rheedei on HeLa cell and MCF- 7cell line were evaluated by the MTT assay. Malaxis rheedei methanolic extract has significant cytotoxicity effect on MCF- 7cell line in concentration range between 18.75 to 300 µg/ml by using MTT assay and study also showed that inhibitory action on HeLa cell line inconcentration range between 18.75 to 300 µg/ml by using MTT assay. Methanol extract of the whole plant part of Malaxis rheedei was found to be 7.3%, 16.6%, 25.4%, 36.3% and 47.1%toxic in HeLa cell line and 7.9%, 13.9%, 26%, 48.4% and 66.3% toxic in MCF- 7cell line. IC50 value of Malaxis rheedei on MCF- 7cell was 167.76 µg/ml and IC50 value of Malaxis rheedei on HeLa Cell was not found by MTT assay. From the performed assay, methanol extract of these drug shows greater activity on MCF- 7cell line and little activity on HeLa cell line and that mean Malaxis rheedei can be used as anticancer activity.Keywords: Cytotoxicity Activity, MTT Assay, Malaxis rheedei Sw. , HeLa CellLine, MCF- 7Cell Line.
ANTIHYPERURICEMIC AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONS FROM ETHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL
Authors: Sunarni Titik 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The aims of the research were to evaluate antihyperuricemic and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of fractions from ethanolic leaves extract of Stelechocarpus burahol. Methods: S. burahol leaves powder was extracted in ethanol by maceration method, then extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Hyperuricemic rat model was induced by administered potassium oxonate intraperitoneally. The activity of these fractions on XO inhibitory was determined by measuring the uric acid formation using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method after incubating with XO. Results: The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the uric level by 32.0 and 28.0% respectively compared to uric acid level of hyperuricemic group at one hour after drug administration (p < 0.05). On XO inhibitory activity test, only n-hexane fraction exhibited XO inhibitory activity with IC50 541.76 µg/ml. Conclusion: The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions from ethanolic leaves extract of S.burahol had antihiperuricemic activity, but less inhibitor effect on XO activity. Keywords: Stelechocarpus burahol, liquid-liquid extraction, antihyperuricemic, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: A G Triveni , Mendem Suresh Kumar , Shivannavar Channapa T , Gaddad Subhaschandra M 
Published: April 2017

Objective:The continuous rise in the prevalence of multi drug resistance pathogens globally is threatening the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Ethno medicine plays a key role in the exploration for novel bioactive compounds. The present study evaluates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Materials and methods: Shade dried and finely powdered leaves of the plant were extracted by maceration method using six solvents methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether and n-hexane. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts against MDR MRSA by agar cup diffusion and tube method respectively.Results: Methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity of 18mm compared to other extracts. Similarly, petroleum ether extract showed highest biofilm inhibition of 84.7%. Other solvent extracts also exhibited significant biofilm inhibition [n-Hexane-83.6%, Ethyl acetate -79.5%, Chloroform-79.2%, Acetone -77% and Methanol-77%].Conclusion: The leaf extracts of L. inermis have shown promising biofilm inhibitory activity and good antibacterial activity, which can be explored for the development of new drugs for the MDR pathogens. Keywords: Antibioticacivity, Antibiofilm activity, L.inermis, MRSA
STUDIES ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIALS OF SOLANUM NIGRUM LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: Prasath Sriram 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSolanum nigrum is a paramount in medicinal perspective and belongs to family Solanacea. From different parts of the plant significant pharmacological and biological activities have been reported previously. In the present study, the ethanolic extract of leaves was investigated for phytochemical analysis, vitamin and mineral content. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phytosterols and triterpenoides. The leaves extract was found to contain appreciable amounts of flavonoids and phenols. The extract showed the presence of vitamins such as ascorbic acid, folic acid, and niacinamide. It has been found that the leaves of Solanum nigrum is rich in minerals like copper, magnesium, manganese, vanadium, chromium, calcium, zinc, sodium, and potassium. The antioxidant (free radical scavenging) activity of the extract was determined against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ABTS, Nitric oxide(NO) and Superoxide Scavenging assays. Solanum nigrum leaves extract was found to be antioxidant in nature which is evident from DPPH, ABTS, NO, Superoxide radical scavenging assays. These findings suggest that Solanum nigrum possess biologically important phytoconstituents, significant amounts of vitamins and minerals. IN addition, S. nigrum leaves extract exert free radical scavenging potential in vitro.Key words: Medicinal plants; Solanum nigrum leaves; phytoconstiuents;Antioxidant.
PHARMACEUTICALLY VALUABLE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ALGAE
Authors: Bhattacharjee Meenakshi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Pharmaceutically valuable products from micro algae and its industrial commercialization today is still in its infancy and can be seen as a gateway to a multibillion dollar industry. Microalgae generally grow autotrophically and are ubiquitous in nature.They represent a major untapped resource of genetic potential for valuable bioactive agents and fine biochemical. This proven ability of microalgae to produce these compounds places these microorganisms in the biotechnological spotlight for applications and commercialization as in the Pharmaceutical industry. The production of microalgal metabolites, which stimulate defense mechanisms in the human body, has spurred intense study of the application of micro algal biomass and products thereof in various food preparations, pharmacological and medical products. There is therefore a huge scope for further study of the identified algal compounds and their activities in the treatment and prevention of various diseases, in addition to an ongoing search for other, as yet undetected, metabolites. Key words:Algae,Pharmaceuticals, Bioactive compounds.
An Interactive View of the Social Economy
Authors: Quarter Jack , Mook Laurie 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT In general, the emphasis of social economy theorists has been sectoral; that is, research has emphasized the uniqueness of the social economy, almost as if it is a world apart from the rest of society. This article, in contrast, focuses on the differing forms of interaction between the social economy and other parts of society. The authors use a Venn diagram to illustrate differing forms of interaction between the social economy and other parts of society, and also the fluidity of the social economy. The model presented assumes that the social economy is embedded within society, and some players within the social economy support social norms and others challenge these norms and present a transformative vision. RÉSUMÉ Généralement, les théoriciens de l'économie sociale se concentrent sur l'approche sectorielle, c'est-à-dire que leurs recherches soulignent le caractère unique de l'économie sociale, presque comme s'il s'agissait d'un monde en marge du reste de la société. Par contraste, cet article envisage les diverses formes que peut prendre l'interaction entre l'économie sociale et les autres sphères de la société. Pour illustrer ces différentes formes d'interaction ainsi que la fluidité de l'économie sociale, les auteurs ont utilisé un diagramme de Venn. Le modèle présenté tient pour acquis que l'économie sociale est partie intégrante de la société. Alors que certains acteurs de l'économie sociale défendent l'existence de normes sociales, d'autres mettent ces normes en doute et proposent plutôt une vision transformatrice.
On the Edge in Rural Canada: The Changing Capacity and Role of the Voluntary Sector
Authors: Ryser Laura , Halseth Greg 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Since the 1980s, neoliberal policies have downsized or closed rural and small-town services. In response, voluntary groups have played an increasing role to retain basic supports. How voluntary groups are impacted, and how they react, will affect community development. Drawing upon our research across northern BC and Canada, this article explores the changing role of voluntary groups, with a focus on the structural and institutional barriers impeding their renewal. Our research suggests that voluntary organizations have been diversifying their human and financial capital, expanding partnerships, and developing smart infrastructure to enhance their capacity. More place-based policies and programs are needed to: renew relationships; create synergies; stabilize operations; renew mandates and procedures; develop training supports; enhance development expertise; build diversity, capacity, and support for volunteers; and develop information management systems. Résumé Depuis les années 80, des politiques néolibérales ont entraîné la diminution ou l’élimination de divers services dans les communautés rurales. En conséquence, les groupes bénévoles ont joué un rôle grandissant dans la préservation de services de base. Le traitement des bénévoles et leurs réactions face à ce traitement ont ainsi un impact sur le développement communautaire. Cet article a recours à notre recherche dans le nord de la Colombie-Britannique et ailleurs au Canada pour explorer le rôle changeant des groupes bénévoles dans un contexte où des défis structurels et institutionnels peuvent nuire à leur renouveau. Notre recherche laisse entendre que, pour accroître leurs capacités, les organisations bénévoles sont en train de diversifier leur capital humain et financier, augmenter le nombre de leurs partenariats et développer une infrastructure intelligente. Il faut davantage de politiques et programmes qui tiennent compte du milieu afin de : renouveler les relations; créer des synergies; stabiliser les opérations; reformuler les mandats et procédures; appuyer les activités de formation; accroître l’expertise en développement; augmenter l’aide aux bénévoles ainsi que leur diversité et leurs capacités; et développer de meilleurs systèmes de gestion de l’information.
Social Enterprise in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Lionais Doug 
Published: April 2017

This article explores the history and experience of social enterprise within Atlantic Canada. As part of the International Comparative Social Enterprise Models (ICSEM) research project, this article aims to describe the unique historical, contextual, and conceptual approaches to social enterprise in Atlantic Canada. Four case studies are provided to illustrate the diversity of social enterprise in the region. The article argues that the historical roots of social enterprise in Atlantic Canada can be found within the Antigonish Movement, and that the founding political economic vision of that movement can inform a progressive and transformative approach to social enterprise in the region. Cet article explore l’histoire et la pratique de l’entreprise sociale dans les provinces de l’Atlantique. Écrit dans le cadre du projet ICSEM (« International Comparative Social Enterprise Models »), cet article a pour but de décrire les approches historiques, contextuelles et conceptuelles envers les entreprises sociales propres aux provinces de l’Atlantique. Il présente quatre études de cas afin d’illustrer la diversité des entreprises sociales de la région. L’article soutient que les racines historiques de l’entreprise sociale dans les provinces de l’Atlantique remontent jusqu’au Mouvement d’Antigonish, et que la vision politico-économique fondatrice de ce Mouvement pourrait sous-tendre une approche envers les entreprises sociales de la région qui soit progressiste et transformatrice.
<b>UM DESAFIO PARA OS PRINCÍPIOS AMBIENTAIS INTERNACIONAIS: A PROTEÇÃO DO FUTURO</b><br/>A CHALLENGE FOR INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMEN-TAL PRINCIPLES: THE PROTECTION OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Marques (FADIC/PE) Clarissa , Campos (FADIC/PE) Ingrid Zanella Andrade 
Published: April 2017

O princípio ambiental internacional da precaução impõe que todas as medidas preventivas devem ser tomadas mesmo diante da incerteza do dano ambiental e que seja observada a obrigatoriedade do controle do risco para a vida, a qualidade de vida e o meio ambiente. Fica demonstrado o intuito de limitação do tempo presente. Essa antecipação indica uma das características do direito ao meio ambiente: sua dimensão prospectiva, tendo em vista que se volta a antecipar as consequências das ações atuais e os riscos que elas apresentam no longo prazo. A motivação seria a exigência de uma postura solidária para com as futuras gerações, uma postura de sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca destacar que o propósito dos princípios ambientais internacionais, não apenas do princípio da precaução, é associar o conceito de necessidade à ideia de limitação para atender aos interesses presentes e futuros. O desafio torna-se associar equidade e equilíbrio, ou seja, a proteção do futuro.
<b>O CRIME DE SONEGAÇÃO FISCAL E OS FATOS GERADORES DECORRENTES DE PRESUNÇÃO LEGAL TRIBUTÁRIA</b>
Authors: Borba (CIHJur) Bruna Estima 
Published: April 2017

Esse artigo, fruto de estudos desenvolvidos quando da elaboração de tese de doutoramento em Direito Penal, tem por objetivo apresentar o pensamento da autora acerca da impossibilidade de tipificação do crime de sonegação fiscal no Brasil em face dos fatos geradores decor- rentes de presunções legais tributá- rias por ausência de culpabilidade. Associando à norma estruturada segundo Karl Binding – tipo objetivo e tipo subjetivo - a regra matriz de incidência pensada por Paulo de Barros Carvalho, pretende-se de- monstrar a ausência do elemento subjetivo no tipo. Ainda que essa conclusão esteja correta, a impossibilidade de caracterização do delito é logicamente anterior, visto que a hipótese em questão é de ausência de tipicidade, por se tratar de crime impossível em razão da ineficácia absoluta do meio de apuração do resultado exigido para sua consumação. Faz-se necessário elucidar que nesse artigo a apreciação do tipo penal é levada a efeito à luz da teoria causalista da ação (e conforme a teoria psicológica da culpabilidade), e não em conformidade com a teoria finalista da ação e com a teoria normativa pura da culpabilidade. Como um dos corolários desta apresentação evidencia-se a necessidade de dar nova caracterização ao crime de sonegação fiscal, por meio de alteração normativa, passando de crime material e de dano a uma mais ade- quada configuração, como crime formal e de perigo abstrato.