bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) Severe Weather and Aviation Products: Initial Operating Capabilities
Authors: Smith Travis M. , Lakshmanan Valliappa , Stumpf Gregory J. , Ortega Kiel L. , Hondl Kurt , Cooper Karen , Calhoun Kristin M. , Kingfield Darrel M. , Manross Kevin L. , Toomey Robert , Brogden Jeff 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, which was developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory and the University of Oklahoma, was made operational in 2014 at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The MRMS system consists of the Warning Decision Support System–Integrated Information suite of severe weather and aviation products, and the quantitative precipitation estimation products created by the National Mosaic and Multi-sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation system. Products created by the MRMS system are at a spatial resolution of approximately 1 km, with 33 vertical levels, updating every 2 min over the conterminous United States and southern Canada. This paper describes initial operating capabilities for the severe weather and aviation products that include a three-dimensional mosaic of reflectivity; guidance for hail, tornado, and lightning hazards; and nowcasts of storm location, height, and intensity.
Seasonal Cycle of Mesoscale Instability of the West Spitsbergen Current
Authors: Appen Wilken-Jon von , Schauer Ursula , Hattermann Tore , Beszczynska-Möller Agnieszka 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) is a topographically steered boundary current that transports warm Atlantic Water northward in Fram Strait. The 16 yr (1997–2012) current and temperature–salinity measurements from moorings in the WSC at 78°50′N reveal the dynamics of mesoscale variability in the WSC and the central Fram Strait. A strong seasonality of the fluctuations and the proposed driving mechanisms is described. In winter, water is advected in the WSC that has been subjected to strong atmospheric cooling in the Nordic Seas, and as a result the stratification in the top 250 m is weak. The current is also stronger than in summer and has a greater vertical shear. This results in an e-folding growth period for baroclinic instabilities of about half a day in winter, indicating that the current has the ability to rapidly grow unstable and form eddies. In summer, the WSC is significantly less unstable with an e-folding growth period of 2 days. Observations of the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) show a peak in the boundary current in January–February when it is most unstable. Eddies are then likely advected westward, and the EKE peak is observed 1–2 months later in the central Fram Strait. Conversely, the EKE in the WSC as well as in the central Fram Strait is reduced by a factor of more than 3 in late summer. Parameterizations for the expected EKE resulting from baroclinic instability can account for the observed EKE values. Hence, mesoscale instability can generate the observed variability, and high-frequency wind forcing is not required to explain the observed EKE.
An Information-Theoretical Score of Dichotomous Precipitation Forecast
Authors: Fekri Majid , Yau M. K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study presents an information-theoretical score (ITS) with an emphasis on desirable and undesirable mutual information between a series of dichotomous forecast and observation. As ITS makes use of the same contingency table as traditional scores, the performance of threat score (TS), equitable threat score (ETS), and true skill statistics (TSS) are compared with ITS using three different approaches. First, a hypothetical forecast setup is employed to investigate the responses of the scores to bias, phase error, and event frequency. It was found that the desirable mutual information portion of ITS (C+) is closer to TSS, and the undesirable mutual information portion of ITS (C−) reveals the presence of biases and random errors in the forecast. There is also a similarity between ITS and ETS. Second, the sensitivities of ITS and ETS to forecast bias tendency are examined analytically using the critical performance ratio (CPR). It is shown that ITS has a more dynamical response to incremental bias. By increasing the bias, the CPR value of ITS increases more rapidly than that of ETS indicating a higher resistance to hedging. Third, the skill scores on two sets of operational forecasts are applied with respect to a mosaic of observed radar reflectivity. The results show that ITS remains more consistent in its evaluation of skills at different thresholds compared to other scores.
Variable Findings for Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Propofol versus Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Capasso Robson , Rosa Talita , Tsou David Yung‐An , Nekhendzy Vladimir , Drover David , Collins Jeremy , Zaghi Soroush , Camacho Macario 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo compare VOTE classification findings (velum, oropharyngeal‐lateral walls, tongue base, and epiglottis) for drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using 2 sedation protocols.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle tertiary institution.SubjectsPatients with OSA who underwent DISE.MethodsA total of 216 patients underwent DISE between November 23, 2011, and May 1, 2015. DISE findings based on VOTE classification were compared between patients receiving the propofol‐ and dexmedetomidine‐based sedation protocols.ResultsPatients with OSA (N = 216; age, 44.3 ± 11.7 years; body mass index, 27.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2) underwent DISE with intravenous administration of propofol (n = 52) or dexmedetomidine (n = 164). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in baseline apnea‐hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, Mallampati score, tonsil size, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, peripheral oxygen saturation nadir, age, sex, or body mass index. Patients in the propofol group had a significantly increased likelihood of demonstrating complete tongue base obstruction (75%, 39 of 52) versus partial or no obstruction (25%, 13 of 52) in the anterior‐posterior dimension, as compared with the dexmedetomidine group (complete obstruction: 42.7%, 70 of 164; partial or no obstruction: 57.3%, 94 of 164; odds ratio: 4.0; 95% confidence interval: 2.0‐8.1; P =. 0001). Obstruction of other airway subsites was not significantly different.ConclusionUse of propofol versus dexmedetomidine to induce sedation may have a significant effect on the pattern of upper airway obstruction observed during DISE. Randomized prospective studies are indicated to confirm these initial findings.
Gender and family caregiving at the end-of-life in the context of old age: A systematic review
Authors: Morgan Tessa , Ann Williams Lisa , Trussardi Gabriella , Gott Merryn 
Published: January 2016

Background: As societies age and governments attempt to manage within constrained health budgets by moving care into community settings, women will be called upon to provide more palliative care in old age. However, little is known about gendered disparities for caregivers of people over the age of 65 years. Aim: To identify and synthesise the empirical literature between 1994 and 2014 that focusses on gender and family caregiving for people over the age of 65 years with a life-limiting illness. Design: Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Supplemental review using a novel feminist quality appraisal framework. Data sources: Search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts and Gender Studies to find empirical studies on gender and family caregiving at end-of-life in the context of old age. Results: Of 19 studies identified, 9 presented thorough gender analyses. Gender themes included why people care, how they care, and the consequences of providing care. Women caregivers experienced a greater degree of mental and physical strain than their male counterparts. This was linked to societal expectation that women should provide a greater degree of care at the end-of-life for family members. Conclusion: Palliative family caregiving for older adults is gendered. Gender affects why people care and the consequences of providing care. Palliative care literature needs to incorporate a greater gender focus for future research and policy makers need to be aware of the gendered ramifications of providing more palliative care in the community.
Differences in palliative care quality between patients with cancer, patients with organ failure and frail patients: A study based on measurements with the Consumer Quality Index Palliative Care for bereaved relatives
Authors: Hofstede Jolien M , Raijmakers Natasja JH , van der Hoek Lucas S , Francke Anneke L 
Published: January 2016

Background: Palliative care is rooted in the care for incurably ill cancer patients. Yet today there is a recognised need for palliative care for patients with non-cancer conditions. However, the often unpredictable illness trajectories and the difficulty in predicting the imminence of death in people with non-cancer conditions may hamper the provision of high-quality palliative care. Aim: To compare the quality of palliative care provided to patients with cancer, patients with organ failure and frail patients and their relatives. Design: An existing dataset was analysed, consisting of data collected through the Consumer Quality Index Palliative Care questionnaire for bereaved relatives. Setting/participants: Data were analysed of 456 relatives of deceased patients with cancer, patients with organ failure and frail patients from various care settings in the Netherlands. Results: Relatives (e.g. partners or children) of deceased patients with organ failure ( n = 61) were more likely to have negative experiences regarding the expertise of healthcare professionals compared with relatives of patients with cancer ( n = 215). Relatives of frail patients ( n = 180) gave a relatively low rating of the general quality of the care in the last week of the patient’s life, both as regards the care provided to patients ( p = 0.015) and as regards the support to relatives ( p = 0.009). Conclusion: Compared with the bereaved relatives of patients with cancer, bereaved relatives of patients with organ failure or frailty were more likely to negatively assess the palliative care provided to both the patient and themselves. Improving professionals’ expertise in palliative care for people with non-cancer conditions is recommended.
Ibrutinib enhances chimeric antigen receptor T-cell engraftment and efficacy in leukemia
Authors: Fraietta Joseph A. , Beckwith Kyle A. , Patel Prachi R. , Ruella Marco , Zheng Zhaohui , Barrett David M. , Lacey Simon F. , Melenhorst Jan Joseph , McGettigan Shannon E. , Cook Danielle R. , Zhang Changfeng , Xu Jun , Do Priscilla , Hulitt Jessica , Kudchodkar Sagar B. , Cogdill Alexandria P. , Gill Saar , Porter David L. , Woyach Jennifer A. , Long Meixiao , Johnson Amy J. , Maddocks Kami , Muthusamy Natarajan , Levine Bruce L. , June Carl H. , Byrd John C. , Maus Marcela V. 
Published: January 2016

Key PointsIbrutinib treatment of CLL enhances the generation of CAR T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Concurrent ibrutinib therapy improves the engraftment and therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR T cells in mouse models.
Endogenous N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) Inhibits Synaptic Plasticity/Transmission in the Amygdala in a Mouse Inflammatory Pain Model
Authors: Adedoyin Mary O , Vicini Stefano , Neale Joseph H 
Published: January 2016

Background: The peptide neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is widely expressed throughout the vertebrate nervous system, including the pain processing neuraxis. Inhibitors of NAAG peptidases are analgesic in animal models of pain. However, the brain regions involved in NAAG's analgesic action have not been rigorously defined. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) play a role in pain processing in the laterocapsular part of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC). Given the high concentration of NAAG in the amygdala and its activation of group II mGluRs (mGluR3 > mGluR2), this study was undertaken using the mouse formalin model of inflammatory pain to test the hypothesis that NAAG influences pain processing in the amygdala. Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were studied in neurons in the CeLC of mouse brain slices following stimulation of the spinoparabrachial amygdaloid afferents. Results: Application of a NAAG peptidase inhibitor, ZJ43, dose dependently inhibited the amplitude of the eEPSCs by up to 50% in control CeLC demonstrating the role of NAAG in regulation of excitatory transmission at this synapse. A group II mGluR agonist (SLx-3095-1) similarly inhibited eEPSC amplitude by about 30%. Both effects were blocked by the group II mGluR antagonist LY341495. ZJ43 was much less effective than SLx in reducing eEPSCs 24 hours post inflammation suggesting an inflammation induced reduction in NAAG release or an increase in the ratio of mGluR2 to mGluR3 expression. Systemic injection of ZJ43 proximal to the time of inflammation blocked peripheral inflammation-induced increases in synaptic transmission of this pathway 24 hrs later and blocked the induction of mechanical allodynia that developed by this time point. Conclusions: The main finding of this study is that NAAG and NAAG peptidase inhibition reduce excitatory neurotransmission and inflammation-induced plasticity at the spinoparabrachial synapse within the pain processing pathway of the central amygdaloid nucleus.
Food taboos and myths in South Eastern Nigeria: The belief and practice of mothers in the region
Authors: Ekwochi Uchenna , Osuorah Chidiebere D. I. , Ndu Ikenna K. , Ifediora Christian , Asinobi Isaac Nwabueze , Eke Christopher Bismark 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Poor nutritional practices especially in pregnancy and early childhood can result in dire consequences in the growth and development of a child.

Methods
This study using purposive sampling enrolled 149 women who had carried at least one pregnancy to term in Enugu south east Nigeria. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess association between avoidance of certain food in pregnancy and selected socio-demographic factors.

Results
Approximately 37 % of respondents avoided some foods in pregnancy due to food taboos and no relationship was seen between this avoidance of food and maternal educational attainment, parity (number of obstetrics deliveries) and occupation. Snail and grass-cutter meat were the commonly avoided food in pregnancy while egg were commonly avoided in children under-two years old. Some respondent believed eating snail and grass-cutter meat makes a child sluggish and labour difficult respectively while starting egg early for a child could predispose them to stealing later in life.

Conclusion
Discussion about food taboos during antenatal care visits and during community education can help reduce the traditional belief about certain food in pregnancy and early childhood.
Wnt11 plays an important role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold: possible treatment for infected bone defect
Authors: Wang Hai , He Xiao-Qing , Jin Tao , Li Yang , Fan Xin-Yu , Wang Yi , Xu Yong-Qing 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Infected bone defect poses a great challenge for orthopedists because it is difficult to cure. Tissue-engineered bone based on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), has currently taken a promising treatment protocol in clinical practice. In a previous study, a porous hydroxyapatite/fibronectin/alginate (PHA/FN/ALG) composite scaffold displayed favorable biological properties as a novel scaffold, which was considered better than single-material scaffolds. In addition, Wnt11 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of osteoblasts, but until recently, its role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in infectious environment remained unclear.

Methods
In this study, we constructed a PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffold with layer-by-layer technology. Furthermore, we also constructed Wnt11-silenced (RNAi) and -overexpressing hMSCs by lentiviral transduction. The gene transduction efficacy was confirmed by quantitative PCR assay and Western blot analysis. Tissue-engineered bone was constructed with hMSCs and PHA/FN/ALG composite scaffolds, and then was implanted into an infected bone defect model for evaluating the osteogenic capacity by quantitative PCR, gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis.

Results
All those cells showed similar adhesion abilities and proliferation capacities in scaffolds. After tissue-engineered bone implantation, there were high levels of systemic inflammatory factors in vivo, which significantly declined three days after antibiotic therapy. One or two months after implantation, the results of osteogenic-related gene analyses, gross observation, micro-CT and histology consistently showed that the Wnt11 over-expression hMSC group displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity, whereas the Wnt11-RNAi hMSC group displayed inferior osteogenesis capacity, when compared with the other cell-containing groups. However, the blank control group and the only composite scaffold without cell implantation group both showed extremely weak osteogenesis capacity.

Conclusion
Our results revealed that the Wnt11 gene plays an important role in hMSCs for enhancing the osteogenesis in an infectious environment.
Some applications of Caristi’s fixed point theorem in metric spaces
Authors: Khojasteh Farshid , Karapinar Erdal , Khandani Hassan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this work, partial answers to Reich, Mizoguchi and Takahashi’s and Amini-Harandi’s conjectures are presented via a light version of Caristi’s fixed point theorem. Moreover, we introduce the idea that many of known fixed point theorems can easily be derived from the Caristi theorem. Finally, the existence of bounded solutions of a functional equation is studied.
The determinants of Mexican migrants’ duration in the United States: family composition, psychic costs, and human capital
Authors: Li Shan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper analyzes the determinants of migration duration focusing on family composition and human capital. A utility maximization model is built to show that migrants face a trade-off between avoiding psychic costs from leaving family members and accumulating wealth to support their consumption. The empirical analysis on Mexican men’s US experience carried out using the hazard model shows that marriage and children, which imply a heavier financial burden, are negatively associated with migrants’ duration in the USA. Fathers with more young children under age 12 stay even shorter, because taking care of them is time intensive.

Jel codes: F22; O15; J12
Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to a Problem of Pedagogical and Administrative Staff Training for Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Козлов  , Kozlov O. 
Published: January 2016

The analysis of requirements to the modern higher school
teacher has been carried out. The need of higher education organizations’
teachers training on professional pedagogy chairs of
the leading federal, classical and pedagogical universities has been
justified. A model for higher education institutions’ teachers training
in pedagogical master courses and postgraduate study has been
offered. Theoretical and methodological aspects related to training
for graduates of specialist’s and bachelor&#180;s programs in the pedagogical
master courses and postgraduate study are considered.
The Bible Intussusception in Ancient Rus’
Authors: Вевюрко  , Vevyurko I. 
Published: January 2016

Translated into language of Slavs in the IX century, the
Bible began to appear in Rus’ along with adoption of Christianity,
not as one book, but as the whole collection of books, quite often
separated materially, but owing to their authoritativeness acting as
a uniform core of the spiritual culture which began its transforma -
tion. For founders of written Ancient Russian culture the Bible was
a source not only quotes and links, but also that isn&#180;t less important,
hints and meanings, that’s why without sufficient level of this
source’s knowledge it is often impossible to understand the Russian
culture’s fundamental symbols.
Essence of Color and Its Value in the Fine Art
Authors: Юматова  , Yumatova T. 
Published: January 2016

A paper &#34;Essence of color&#34; in an integrated manner, not
only in cultural synthesis, but also in scientific one, reveals problems
of the color: its physical properties and aesthetics in the perspective
of modern educational process. The points raised in this paper can
serve as a new integrated approach to the phenomenon of color, as
well as the basis for the development of learning and teaching
programs on a range of academic disciplines: &#34;History of art&#34;,
&#34;History of culture&#34;, &#34;Chromatics&#34;, &#34;Painting&#34;.
Military-Patriotic Education of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Дедюхина  , Dedyukhina Olga 
Published: January 2016

The article presents the experience of the Centre of Creative Development and Musical-aesthetic Education of Children and Youth &#34;Radost&#34; in
Moscow with the pupils of primary school age in order to realize the target complex programs of patriotic education. The author considers the
different aspects of the teachers&#180; collective of centre &#34;Radost&#34; in the process of academic and extracurricular activities with younger students and
their parents. The forms of lessons such as meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, discussion lessons, musical and musical-literary
conversations are described. It is told about the experience of museum pedagogy.
Training of Children with Autistic Disorder
Authors: Смирнова  , Smirnova L. 
Published: January 2016

The article considers issues related to the education of autistic children within the framework of inclusive education. The author analyzed the
principles and objectives of this type of education on the basis of official documents: the ratified by the Russian Federation Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities of the United Nations and the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary Education of students with
disabilities. The characteristics of children with autistic syndrome, and learning difficulties are described. The psychological and pedagogical
recommendations for educators who work with autistic children are given.
True Fairy Tales
Authors: Лихолат  , Likholat Tamara 
Published: January 2016

The article provides the useful information about the plants that are traditionally used by people in food, and their seeds. The information is
given in easily understandable for younger schoolchildren and entertaining form. Initial agronomic knowledge presented in cognitive tales, can
be easily tested in practice in daily life that not only meets the natural curiosity of children, but also actively encourages it to develop their interest
in nature, provides more complete understanding of the processes of interaction with it, attaches to work.