bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic foot complicated by vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Trombetta Maddalena , Imbriaco Chiara , Rigolon Riccardo , Mingolla Lucia , Zamboni Federica , Dal Molin Francesca , Cioccoloni Dario , Sanga Viola , Bruti Massimiliano , Brocco Enrico , Conti Michela , Ravenna Giorgio , Perrone Fabrizia , Stoico Vincenzo , Bonora Enzo 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Vertebral osteomyelitis (or spondylodiscitis) is steadily increasing in Western countries and often results from hematogenous seeding, direct inoculation during spinal surgery, or contiguous spread from an infection in the adjacent soft tissue. We present the case of a 67-year-old white patient with type 2 diabetes who went to Hospital for high fever, back pain, and worsening of known infected ulcers in the left foot. Despite intravenous antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement of the foot infection, high fever and lower back pain continued. Bone biopsy and two consecutive blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. A spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, revealing serious osteomyelitis in L4 and L5 complicated by an epidural abscess. Contiguous or other distant focuses of infection were not identified. In this case, diabetic foot could be considered as a primary distant focus for vertebral osteomyelitis. Clinicians should consider vertebral osteomyelitis as a ‘possible’ diagnosis in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by foot infection that is associated with fever and lower back pain.

Learning points

Vertebral osteomyelitis is increasing in Western countries, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The primary focus of infection is the genitourinary tract followed by skin, soft tissue, endocarditis, bursitis, septic arthritis, and intravascular access.
Diabetic foot could be a rare primary focus of infection for vertebral osteomyelitis, and, however, vertebral osteomyelitis could be a serious, albeit rare, complication of diabetic foot.
Clinicians should keep in mind the many potential complications of diabetic foot ulcerations and consider vertebral osteomyelitis as a “possible” diagnosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers associated with nonspecific symptoms such as lower back pain.
Early diagnosis and correct management of vertebral osteomyelitis are crucial to improve clinical outcomes.
The Role of Teacher Behavior, Motivation and Emotion in Predicting Academic Social Participation in Class
Authors: Sánchez-Rosas Javier , Takaya Paula Belén , Molinari Alicia Verónica 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Academic social participation addresses student engagement behaviors that involve social interactions with peers and teachers. Objective: Perceived teacher behavior, task value, academic self-efficacy, class enjoyment and shame’s role in predicting academic social participation was analyzed. Method: Psychology students from a large national university completed self-report questionnaires assessing the model variables. A proposed model was evaluated by path analysis. Results: Model showed good fit to thedata, explaining 31% of variance. Positive influences were detected of perceived teacher behavior on task value (β = 0.42), academic self-efficacy (β = 0.19), and class enjoyment (β = 0.24); of task value on class enjoyment (β = 0.52); and of class enjoyment on academic social participation (β = 0.44). Academic self-efficacy negatively affected class shame (β = -0.38), while class shame (β = -0.44) and task value (β = -0.24) showed a negative influence on academic social participation. Conclusion: Utility of modifying teacher behavior and motivation as a means to affect emotion was demonstrated. Class enjoyment and shame were the stronger predictors of academic social participation. Individual variables’ importance in moderating contextual influence on engagement was suggested.
Significados de convivencia: una comprensión desde la dinámica cotidiana que los promueve
Authors: Sánchez Villafañe Ana Lucía , Quiceno Pérez Jhon Jairo 
Published: May 2016

Introducción: la convivencia se constituye en un factor primordial en el establecimiento de relaciones sociales. Infortunadamente, en Colombia se ha visto fracturada por altos índices de violencia que han exigido el desarrollo de políticas públicas, muchas de ellas impuestasy alejadas de las necesidades de las comunidades. Objetivo: por tal motivo, se hace indispensable que sean las comunidades quienes definan y signifiquen la convivencia, a fin de generar propuestas más cercanas a la realidad. En este sentido, se pretende identificar los significados que en relación con las prácticas de convivencia comunitaria construye un grupo de líderes. Metodología: se realizó un estudio cualitativo-descriptivo con diseño etnográfico, en un grupo de cinco (5) líderes. Resultados: la convivencia fue definida como aquellos procesos que hacen posible la construcción y el establecimiento de acuerdos que garantizan la consolidación de buenas relaciones en la comunidad y evitar los conflictos. Esta concepción solo puede operar en la medida en que la solidaridad sea el valor que guíe y oriente las relaciones, y que la participación comunitaria sea efectiva. Sin embargo, la conducta de solidaridad termina en el acto mismo de ayuda, y no se extiende a otras experiencias comunitarias que promuevan la cohesión social. Conclusiones: se evidenció una visión idealizada de convivencia en torno a una anhelada solidaridad. En la cotidianidad priman dinámicas focalizadas en el individualismo y la apatía, debido a la desconfianza mutua, a la politización de las relaciones y a una visión asistencialista que impide la transformación desde un proyecto colectivo.
Relación entre tipos de colegio y niveles de ansiedad en una muestra de escolares bogotanos
Authors: González Salazar Erika , Timón Guzmán Karla , Riveros Munévar Fernando 
Published: May 2016

Introducción: la ansiedad es una respuesta humana normal, pero se convierte en patológica cuando persiste y se mantiene en el tiempo. Según estudios nacionales y mundiales, este es uno de los trastornos que ha aumentado, al aparecer cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la población joven. Objetivos: determinar la relación entre tipos de colegio y niveles de ansiedad, así como hallar diferencias o similitudes en cuanto al sexo y grado escolar, según tipo de colegio en una muestra de escolares colombianos. Metodología: investigación de tipo cuantitativa, de corte transversal y de alcance descriptivo por comparación de grupos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 658 escolares de colegios públicos y privados entre los cursos de tercero de primaria a séptimo de bachillerato; se utilizó el inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo en niños (STAIC) utilizando la versión validada para Colombia. Resultados: se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las calificaciones del componente de preocupación, siendo más altas las puntuaciones en la muestra de estudiantes de colegios privados, puntuaciones en tranquilidad mayores para el sexo masculino y las de preocupación para el sexo femenino. Por otra parte, no existen diferencias en los niveles y tipos de ansiedad según el grado académico cursado. Conclusiones: existen mayores niveles de ansiedad en niños escolarizados en colegios privados y mayores niveles de preocupación en escolarizados del sexo femenino.
Aplikasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Mobile Untuk Tuna Aksara
Authors: Padli Nasution Muhammad Irwan , Andriana Septiana Dewi 
Published: May 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;">Abstract - Learning is a process of transformation that is initially not knowing to knowing. Has developed a lot of learning strategies from simple to more complex models even complicated and required a lot of tools in its application. Literacy is a basic of knowledge for humans. They can read by improving their quality, which leads to the high intellect of a person. Especially at this time humanity has entered the information age. The phenomenon of globalization is happening now accelerating so quickly, as the impact of application of Hi-tech society (high-tech society), which causes humans followed on interaction patterns very quickly. Using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) could be developed multimedia teaching materials with the concept of learning by playing fun and implemented on a mobile based learning applications. The use of mobile devices that is easy and flexibility is very useful to support the learning process for the illiterate.</p>
Polydactyly: A Review
Authors: Farrugia Marie Claire , Calleja-Agius Jean 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPolydactyly, also known ashyperdactyly, is a common congenital limb defect, which can present with various morphologic phenotypes. Apart from cosmetic and functional impairments, it can be the first indication of an underlying syndrome in the newborn. Usually, it follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with defects occurring in the anteroposterior patterning of limb development. Although many mutations have been discovered, teratogens have also been implicated in leading to this anomaly, thus making it of multifactorial origin. There are three polydactyly subtypes (radial, ulnar, and central), and treatment options depend on the underlying feature.
Predicting Occurrence of Spine Surgery Complications Using “Big Data” Modeling of an Administrative Claims Database
Authors: Ratliff John K. , Balise Ray , Veeravagu Anand , Cole Tyler S. , Cheng Ivan , Olshen Richard A. , Tian Lu 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Postoperative metrics are increasingly important in determining standards of quality for physicians and hospitals. Although complications following spinal surgery have been described, procedural and patient variables have yet to be incorporated into a predictive model of adverse-event occurrence. We sought to develop a predictive model of complication occurrence after spine surgery.

Methods:
We used longitudinal prospective data from a national claims database and developed a predictive model incorporating complication type and frequency of occurrence following spine surgery procedures. We structured our model to assess the impact of features such as preoperative diagnosis, patient comorbidities, location in the spine, anterior versus posterior approach, whether fusion had been performed, whether instrumentation had been used, number of levels, and use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). We assessed a variety of adverse events. Prediction models were built using logistic regression with additive main effects and logistic regression with main effects as well as all 2 and 3-factor interactions. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization was used to select features. Competing approaches included boosted additive trees and the classification and regression trees (CART) algorithm. The final prediction performance was evaluated by estimating the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as predictions were applied to independent validation data and compared with the Charlson comorbidity score.

Results:
The model was developed from 279,135 records of patients with a minimum duration of follow-up of 30 days. Preliminary assessment showed an adverse-event rate of 13.95%, well within norms reported in the literature. We used the first 80% of the records for training (to predict adverse events) and the remaining 20% of the records for validation. There was remarkable similarity among methods, with an AUC of 0.70 for predicting the occurrence of adverse events. The AUC using the Charlson comorbidity score was 0.61. The described model was more accurate than Charlson scoring (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
We present a modeling effort based on administrative claims data that predicts the occurrence of complications after spine surgery.

Clinical Relevance:
We believe that the development of a predictive modeling tool illustrating the risk of complication occurrence after spine surgery will aid in patient counseling and improve the accuracy of risk modeling strategies.
Publication Productivity and Experience: Factors Associated with Academic Rank Among Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty in the United States
Authors: Ence Andrew K. , Cope Seth R. , Holliday Emma B. , Somerson Jeremy S. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Many factors play a role in academic promotion among orthopaedic surgeons. This study specifically examined the importance of publication productivity metrics, career duration, and sex on academic rank in orthopaedic surgery programs in the United States.

Methods:
Faculty at 142 civilian academic orthopaedic surgery departments in 2014 were identified. Geographic region, department size, and 3 specific faculty characteristics (sex, career duration, and academic position) were recorded. The Hirsch index (h-index), defined as the number (h) of an investigator’s publications that have been cited at least h times, was recorded for each surgeon. The m-index was also calculated by dividing the h-index by career duration in years. Thresholds for the h-index and the m-index were identified between junior and senior academic ranks. Multivariate analysis was used to determine whether the 3 physician factors correlated independently with academic rank.

Results:
The analysis included 4,663 orthopaedic surgeons at 142 academic institutions (24.7% clinical faculty and 75.3% academic faculty). Among academic faculty, the median h-index was 5, the median career duration was 15 years, and the median m-index was 0.37. Thresholds between junior and senior faculty status were 12 for the h-index and 0.51 for the m-index. Female academic faculty had a lower median h-index (3 compared with 5; p < 0.001) and career duration (10 years compared with 16 years; p < 0.001) than male academic faculty, but had a similar median m-index (0.33 compared with 0.38; p = 0.103). A higher h-index and longer career duration correlated independently with an increased probability of senior academic rank (p < 0.001), but sex did not (p = 0.217).

Conclusions:
This analysis demonstrates that a higher h-index and m-index correlate with a higher academic orthopaedic faculty rank. Although female surgeons had a lower median h-index and a shorter median career duration than male surgeons, their m-index was not significantly different, and thus sex was not an independent predictor for senior academic rank. The identified thresholds (h-index of 12 and m-index of 0.51) between junior and senior academic ranks may be considered as factors in promotion considerations.
Systematic Quantification of Stabilizing Effects of Subtalar Joint Soft-Tissue Constraints in a Novel Cadaveric Model
Authors: Pellegrini Manuel J. , Glisson Richard R. , Wurm Markus , Ousema Paul H. , Romash Michael M. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Distinguishing between ankle instability and subtalar joint instability is challenging because the contributions of the subtalar joint’s soft-tissue constraints are poorly understood. This study quantified the effects on joint stability of systematic sectioning of these constraints followed by application of torsional and drawer loads simulating a manual clinical examination.

Methods:
Subtalar joint motion in response to carefully controlled inversion, eversion, internal rotation, and external rotation moments and multidirectional drawer forces was quantified in fresh-frozen cadaver limbs. Sequential measurements were obtained under axial load approximating a non-weight-bearing clinical setting with the foot in neutral, 10° of dorsiflexion, and 10° and 20° of plantar flexion. The contributions of the components of the inferior extensor retinaculum were documented after incremental sectioning. The calcaneofibular, cervical, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments were then sectioned sequentially, in two different orders, to produce five different ligament-insufficiency scenarios.

Results:
Incremental detachment of the components of the inferior extensor retinaculum had no effect on subtalar motion independent of foot position. Regardless of the subsequent ligament-sectioning order, significant motion increases relative to the intact condition occurred only after transection of the calcaneofibular ligament. Sectioning of this ligament produced increased inversion and external rotation, which was most evident with the foot dorsiflexed.

Conclusions:
Calcaneofibular ligament disruption results in increases in subtalar inversion and external rotation that might be detectable during a manual examination. Insufficiency of other subtalar joint constraints may result in motion increases that are too subtle to be perceptible.

Clinical Relevance:
If calcaneofibular ligament insufficiency is established, its reconstruction or repair should receive priority over that of other ankle or subtalar periarticular soft-tissue structures.
Forcing Johnny to login safely
Authors: Herzberg Amir , Margulies Ronen 
Published: May 2016

We present the results of the first long-term user study of site-based login mechanisms which force and train users to login safely. We found that interactive site-identifying images received 70% detection rates, which is significantly better than the results received by the typical login ceremony and with passive defense indicators [in: CHI'06: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, 2006, pp. 601–610; Computers & Security 28(1,2) (2009), 63–71; in: SP'07: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, 2007, pp. 51–65]. We also found that combining login bookmarks with interactive images and ‘non-working’ buttons/links achieved the best detection rates (82%) and overall resistance rates (93%). We also present WAPP (Web Application Phishing-Protection), an effective server-side solution which combines the login bookmark and the interactive custom image indicators. WAPP provides two-factor and two-sided authentication.
Supporting concurrency and multiple indexes in private access to outsourced data
Authors: De Capitani di Vimercati Sabrina , Foresti Sara , Paraboschi Stefano , Pelosi Gerardo , Samarati Pierangela 
Published: May 2016

Data outsourcing has recently emerged as a successful solution allowing individuals and organizations to delegate data and service management to external third parties. A major challenge in the data outsourcing scenario is how to guarantee proper privacy protection against the external server. Recent promising approaches rely on the organization of data in indexing structures that use encryption and the dynamic allocation of encrypted data to physical blocks for destroying the otherwise static relationship between data and the blocks in which they are stored. However, dynamic data allocation implies the need to re-write blocks at every read access, thus requesting exclusive locks that can affect concurrency. Also, these solutions only support search conditions on the values of the attribute used for building the indexing structure. In this paper, we present an approach that overcomes such limitations by extending the recently proposed shuffle index structure with support for concurrency and multiple indexes. Support for concurrency relies on the use of several differential versions of the data index that are periodically reconciled and applied to the main data structure. Support for multiple indexes relies on the definition of secondary shuffle indexes that are then combined with the primary index in a single data structure whose content and allocation is unintelligible to the server. We show how using such differential versions and combined index structure guarantees privacy, provides support for concurrent accesses and multiple search conditions, and considerably increases the performance of the system and the applicability of the proposed solution.
Cost effective management frameworks for intrusion detection systems
Authors: Iheagwara Charles , Blyth Andrew , Singhal Mukesh 
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses the financial benefit of intrusion detection systems (IDS) deployment techniques and addresses the problems of bridging the gap between technical security solutions and the business need for it. This is an area of interest to both the research and the business community; most IDSes balance host and network monitoring, but the decision about how to adjust usage of each technique tends to be made in a rather ad-hoc way, or based upon effectiveness of detection only without regard to cost of technique. In practice, selections based on how well a strategy helps a company to perform are preferable and methodologies supporting a selection process of this type will assist an Information Technology officer to explain security mechanism selections more effectively to CEOs. In this context, the approach we propose could be applied when choosing one intrusion detection system over another based on which has a better or higher return on investment for the company. Through a case study, we illustrate the benefits of a better IDS management that leads to a positive Return on Investment (ROI) for IDS deployment. We conceive strategies and approaches to support effective decision-making about which techniques are appropriate for the cost effective management of the IDS in a given environment. It is our intent that this research will serve as a foundation for the formal description of cost structures, analysis, and selection of effective implementation approaches to support the management of IDS deployments.
A decision procedure for the existence of a rank function
Authors: Heather James , Schneider Steve 
Published: May 2016

Schneider's work on rank functions [IEEE TSE 24(9) (1998)] provides a formal approach to verification of certain properties of a security protocol. However, he illustrates the approach only with a protocol running on a small network; and no help is given with the somewhat hit-and-miss process of finding the rank function that underpins the central theorem. In this paper, we develop the theory to allow for an arbitrarily large network, and give a clearly defined decision procedure by which one may either construct a rank function, proving correctness of the protocol, or show that no rank function exists. We briefly discuss the implications of the absence of a rank function, and the open question of completeness of the rank function theorem.
Verifying privacy-type properties of electronic voting protocols
Authors: Delaune Stéphanie , Kremer Steve , Ryan Mark 
Published: May 2016

Electronic voting promises the possibility of a convenient, efficient and secure facility for recording and tallying votes in an election. Recently highlighted inadequacies of implemented systems have demonstrated the importance of formally verifying the underlying voting protocols. We study three privacy-type properties of electronic voting protocols: in increasing order of strength, they are vote-privacy, receipt-freeness and coercion-resistance. We use the applied pi calculus, a formalism well adapted to modelling such protocols, which has the advantages of being based on well-understood concepts. The privacy-type properties are expressed using observational equivalence and we show in accordance with intuition that coercion-resistance implies receipt-freeness, which implies vote-privacy. We illustrate our definitions on three electronic voting protocols from the literature. Ideally, these three properties should hold even if the election officials are corrupt. However, protocols that were designed to satisfy receipt-freeness or coercion-resistance may not do so in the presence of corrupt officials. Our model and definitions allow us to specify and easily change which authorities are supposed to be trustworthy.