bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for wheat resistance to aphids and wheat bulb fly in the historical Watkins and Gediflux wheat collections
Authors: Aradottir G.I. , Martin J.L. , Clark S.J. , Pickett J.A. , Smart L.E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInsect pests can reduce wheat yield by direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Here we report results from laboratory and field phenotyping studies on a wide range of wheat, including landraces from the Watkins collection deriving from before the green revolution, more modern cultivars from the Gediflux collection (north‐western Europe) and modern UK Elite varieties, for resistance to the bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae). A total of 338 lines were screened for R. padi and 340 lines for S. avenae. Field trials were also conducted on 122 Watkins lines to identify wheat bulb fly, Delia coarctata, preference on these landraces. Considerable variation was shown in insect performance among and within different wheat collections, with reduced susceptibility in a number of varieties, but phenotyping did not identify strong resistance to aphids or wheat bulb fly. Field trials showed within collection differences in aphid performance, with fewer aphids populating lines from the Watkins collection. This differs from development data in laboratory bioassays and suggests that there is a pre‐alighting cue deterring aphid settlement and demonstrates differences in aphid preference and performance on older plants in the field compared with seedlings in the laboratory, highlighting the need for phenotyping for aphid resistance at different plant growth stages. No association was identified between performance of the different insect species on individual varieties, potentially suggesting different nutritional requirements or resistance mechanisms.
Effect of Balloon‐Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Positioning: A Patient‐Specific Numerical Model
Authors: Bianchi Matteo , Marom Gil , Ghosh Ram P. , Fernandez Harold A. , Taylor James R. , Slepian Marvin J. , Bluestein Danny 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a life‐saving and effective alternative to surgical valve replacement in high‐risk, elderly patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis. Despite its early promise, certain limitations and adverse events, such as suboptimal placement and valve migration, have been reported. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of various TAVR deployment locations on the procedural outcome by assessing the risk for valve migration. The deployment of a balloon‐expandable Edwards SAPIEN valve was simulated via finite element analysis in a patient‐specific calcified aortic root, which was reconstructed from CT scans of a retrospective case of valve migration. The deployment location was parametrized in three configurations and the anchorage was quantitatively assessed based on the contact between the stent and the native valve during the deployment and recoil phases. The proximal deployment led to lower contact area between the native leaflets and the stent which poses higher risk for valve migration. The distal and midway positions resulted in comparable outcomes, with the former providing a slightly better anchorage. The approach presented might be used as a predictive tool for procedural planning in order to prevent prosthesis migration and achieve better clinical outcomes.
Letter: should anti‐viral therapy be recommended for individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and at low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Zhang C.‐Y. , He Z.‐H. , Ahir B.‐K. , Luo C.‐P. , Peng N.‐F. , Li L.‐Q. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lin et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13774 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13849.
Letter: cytokeratin‐18 as a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma regression after transarterial chemoembolization. Authors’ reply
Authors: Bantel H. , Wandrer F. , Bock B. , Kirstein M. M. , Schulze‐Osthoff K. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Bock et al and He et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13578 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13820.
Letter: APRI and FIB‐4 do not correlate with Fibrosure in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C patients
Authors: Herman M. , Okoji O. , Castaneda D. , Jirru E. , Kotler D. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Houot paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13446.
Letter: should anti‐viral therapy be recommended for individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and at low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? Authors’ reply
Authors: Lin D. , Yang H.‐I. , Hoang J. , Nguyen M. H. 
Published: December 2016

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lin et al and Zhang et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13774 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13814.
Early prediction of thiopurine‐induced hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wong D. R. , Coenen M. J. H. , Derijks L. J. J. , Vermeulen S. H. , van Marrewijk C. J. , Klungel O. H. , Scheffer H. , Franke B. , Guchelaar H.‐J. , de Jong D. J. , Engels L. G. J. B. , Verbeek A. L. M. , Hooymans P. M. ,   the TOPIC Recruitment Team
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundHepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal complaints and general malaise are common limiting adverse reactions of azathioprine and mercaptopurine in IBD patients, often related to high steady‐state 6‐methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotide (6‐MMPR) metabolite concentrations.AimTo determine the predictive value of 6‐MMPR concentrations 1 week after treatment initiation (T1) for the development of these adverse reactions, especially hepatotoxicity, during the first 20 weeks of treatment.MethodsThe cohort study consisted of the first 270 IBD patients starting thiopurine treatment as part of the Dutch randomised‐controlled trial evaluating pre‐treatment thiopurine S‐methyltransferase genotype testing (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00521950). Blood samples for metabolite assessment were collected at T1. Hepatotoxicity was defined by alanine aminotransaminase elevations >2 times the upper normal limit or a ratio of alanine aminotransaminase/alkaline phosphatase ≥5.ResultsForty‐seven patients (17%) presented hepatotoxicity during the first 20 weeks of thiopurine treatment. A T1 6‐MMPR threshold of 3615 pmol/8 × 108 erythrocytes was defined. Analysis of patients on stable thiopurine dose (n = 174) showed that those exceeding the 6‐MMPR threshold were at increased risk of hepatotoxicity: OR = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8–8.0). Age, male gender and BMI were significant determinants. A predictive algorithm was developed based on these determinants and the 6‐MMPR threshold to assess hepatotoxicity risk [AUC = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.91)]. 6‐MMPR concentrations above the threshold also correlated with gastrointestinal complaints: OR = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4–4.3), and general malaise: OR = 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1–3.7).ConclusionsIn more than 80% of patients, thiopurine‐induced hepatotoxicity could be explained by elevated T1 6‐MMPR concentrations and the independent risk factors age, gender and BMI, allowing personalised thiopurine treatment in IBD to prevent early failure.
A Model for Implementing a Sustainability Strategy through HRM Practices
Authors: Buller Paul F. , McEvoy Glenn M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere is a rapidly growing interest in the topic of sustainability as it relates to long‐term business performance that optimizes the “triple bottom line”: economic, environmental, and social outcomes. This article articulates a multilevel conceptual model for executing a business strategy for sustainability primarily through the design and implementation of human resource management practices. The model builds on open systems theory, the resource based view of the firm, and the concept of line of sight to identify certain key organizational capabilities, group competencies, and individual abilities and other characteristics that combine to drive organizational performance when pursuing a sustainability strategy. The article concludes with a discussion of implications of the model for theory, research, and practice.
Is Small Always Beautiful? A Dialogue
Authors: Pearson Gordon , Parker Martin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFor quite a few years the two authors have been engaging in dialogues about management issues. Using as a model Plato's dialogues between Socrates and his various students, we have tried to clarify the nature of a concept by asking questions and thinking carefully about the answers. We disagree about many things, but agree that we respect each other's opinions, and can clarify our own viewpoints by debating them respectfully with another. For this dialogue, we decided to focus on the question of the scale of business operations. One of us has a particular preference for small scale enterprise, and for the localisation of the economy, because he believes that the giganticism of corporations is behind many of the problems we face today. As you will see, the other protagonist disagrees, arguing instead that other issues than scale are at the root of why some businesses do bad things.
Hypothesis Testing of Matrix Graph Model with Application to Brain Connectivity Analysis
Authors: Xia Yin , Li Lexin 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Brain connectivity analysis is now at the foreground of neuroscience research. A connectivity network is characterized by a graph, where nodes represent neural elements such as neurons and brain regions, and links represent statistical dependence that is often encoded in terms of partial correlation. Such a graph is inferred from the matrix-valued neuroimaging data such as electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. There have been a good number of successful proposals for sparse precision matrix estimation under normal or matrix normal distribution; however, this family of solutions does not offer a direct statistical significance quantification for the estimated links. In this article, we adopt a matrix normal distribution framework and formulate the brain connectivity analysis as a precision matrix hypothesis testing problem. Based on the separable spatial-temporal dependence structure, we develop oracle and data-driven procedures to test both the global hypothesis that all spatial locations are conditionally independent, and simultaneous tests for identifying conditional dependent spatial locations with false discovery rate control. Our theoretical results show that the data-driven procedures perform asymptotically as well as the oracle procedures and enjoy certain optimality properties. The empirical finite-sample performance of the proposed tests is studied via intensive simulations, and the new tests are applied on a real electroencephalography data analysis.
Two‐dimensional stress distributions in tensioned orthotropic plates weakened by blunt V‐shaped notches
Authors: Zappalorto M. , Carraro P. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this work, a comprehensive analytical and numerical study on the two‐dimensional stress fields in orthotropic plates with blunt notches is carried out. Initially, a quick review of the available solutions for lateral notches is presented. Later on, using Lekhnitskii's approach, a new analytical solution is derived which explicitly accounts for the local geometry of the notch, such as the notch root radius and the notch opening angle, as well as the elastic properties of the material.Theoretical predictions based on the new solution are compared with the results from a bulk of 2D finite element analyses carried out on tensioned plates weakened by lateral hyperbolic and blunt V‐shaped notches, showing a very satisfactory agreement.
Prevalence of chytrid parasitism among diatom populations in the lower Columbia River (2009–2013)
Authors: Maier Michelle A. , Peterson Tawnya D. 
Published: December 2016

Summary

We documented temporal (2009–2013) and spatial [river kilometre (rkm) 8–rkm 196] patterns of parasitic fungal infections on diatoms in the lower Columbia River, as evidenced by the presence of sporangia attached to diatom frustules. Multiple diatom species were infected by zoosporic fungi (‘chytrids’) throughout the year, with a maximum infection prevalence (Ip) among large diatoms of 36% in spring 2011.

At a fixed site at rkm 85, up to 30–45% of the population of Asterionella formosa, the dominant spring diatom, was infected each year during the spring (2010–2013). During this time, high Ip was associated with high host density, low precipitation and low orthophosphate concentrations. Parasite load – the number of sporangia per infected diatom cell, also referred to as the mean intensity of infection, – increased with infection prevalence, but the population average never exceed two parasites per host.

Net growth rates of chytrid populations exceeded those of A. formosa host diatoms in the spring under low‐flow conditions. In spring 2013, the prevalence of infection increased from 35 to 78% and the parasite load increased from 1.5 to 2.2 along a downstream transect, suggesting that zoospores were actively infecting hosts in situ and not simply transported allochthonously.

The estimated loss of organic carbon associated with diatoms via the parasitic pathway was greatest in spring (averaging c. 10%), with a peak of c. 85 μg carbon L−1 (c. 45% of total large‐diatom carbon) lost from the diatom carbon pool to parasitism in May 2011. Parasites of microalgae may actively shape aquatic food webs within systems like the Columbia River by increasing the availability of large‐diatom carbon to higher trophic levels, thus decreasing downstream export losses to the estuary and coastal ocean.
GlobalAnts: a new database on the geography of ant traits (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Parr Catherine L. , Dunn Robert R. , Sanders Nathan J. , Weiser Michael D. , Photakis Manoli , Bishop Tom R. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Arnan Xavier , Baccaro Fabricio , Brandão Carlos R. F. , Chick Lacy , Donoso David A. , Fayle Tom M. , Gómez Crisanto , Grossman Blair , Munyai Thinandavha C. , Pacheco Renata , Retana Javier , Robinson Andrew , Sagata Katayo , Silva Rogério R. , Tista Melanie , Vasconcelos Heraldo , Yates Michelle , Gibb Heloise 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

In recent years the focus in ecology has shifted from species to a greater emphasis on functional traits. In tandem with this shift, a number of trait databases have been developed covering a range of taxa. Here, we introduce the GlobalAnts database.

Globally, ants are dominant, diverse and provide a range of ecosystem functions. The database represents a significant tool for ecology in that it (i) contributes to a global archive of ant traits (morphology, ecology and life history) which complements existing ant databases and (ii) promotes a trait‐based approach in ant and other insect ecology through a broad set of standardised traits.

The GlobalAnts database is unique in that it represents the largest online database of functional traits with associated georeferenced assemblage‐level data (abundance and/or occupancy) for any animal group with 9056 ant species and morphospecies records for entire local assemblages across 4416 sites.

We describe the structure of the database, types of traits included and present a summary of data coverage. The value of the database is demonstrated through an initial examination of trait distributions across subfamilies, continents and biomes.

Striking biogeographic differences in ant traits are highlighted which raise intriguing questions as to the mechanisms generating them.
Root traits of cup plant, maize and lucerne grass grown under different soil and soil moisture conditions
Authors: Schoo B. , Schroetter S. , Kage H. , Schittenhelm S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is presently discussed as a promising alternative to silage maize for biomethane production in Germany. It is assumed that the cup plant develops a profound root system, contributing decisively to the drought tolerance of this crop. This study is aimed at providing the first experimental data on root growth and water uptake of this novel biogas crop. Root morphological characteristics of the cup plant were studied at six sites differing in soil type. Root samplings were made at the time of maximum root expansion (flowering). In a 2‐year field experiment at an additional location, continuous measurements of root development and soil water acquisition during the growth cycle were taken under contrasting water supply, together with maize (Zea mays L.) and lucerne grass (mixture of Medicago sativa L. with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Phleum pratense L.) as reference crops. The cup plant attained maximum rooting depths of 80–240 cm. The root length density was comparable to that of maize, but markedly lower than that of lucerne grass. Despite the cup plant's higher potential evapotranspiration and similar water‐use efficiency, its soil water extraction ability was significantly lower than that of lucerne grass. Compared with maize and lucerne grass, the cup plant showed no outstanding ability to cope with drought stress by means of its root system. Because of its high potential evapotranspiration, the cup plant can attain biomass yields comparable to those of maize only at sites with high water supply.
ILLIQUIDITY IN THE STOCK AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THEIR CROSS‐MARKET DYNAMICS
Authors: Banti Chiara 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this article, I investigate the illiquidity channel linking stocks and currencies and provide evidence of important illiquidity dynamics, especially during crisis episodes. I show that the stocks of small firms more exposed to funding constraints also exhibit greater linkages with foreign exchange illiquidity. Furthermore, the currencies that are common targets of carry trades are more intertwined with stock illiquidity. Regarding potential determinants, the liquidity demand by institutional investors and liquidity provision by dealers are potential triggers of systemic illiquidity spirals. These dynamics are not exclusive to the recent financial crisis but were also present during the dot‐com bubble crisis.
Novel TIE‐2 inhibitor BAY‐826 displays in vivo efficacy in experimental syngeneic murine glioma models
Authors: Schneider Hannah , Szabo Emese , Machado Raquel A. C. , Broggini‐Tenzer Angela , Walter Alexander , Lobell Mario , Heldmann Dieter , Süssmeier Frank , Grünewald Sylvia , Weller Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTargeting the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling axis in glioblastoma inevitably leads to tumor recurrence and a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, other angiogenic pathways, like the angiopoietin/tunica interna endothelial cell kinase (TIE) signaling axis, have become additional targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we explored whether targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase TIE‐2 using a novel, highly potent, orally available small molecule TIE‐2 inhibitor (BAY‐826) improves tumor control in syngeneic mouse glioma models. BAY‐826 inhibits TIE‐2 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by suppression of Angiopoietin‐1‐ or Na3VO4‐induced TIE‐2 phosphorylation in glioma cells or extracts of lungs from BAY‐826‐treated mice. There was a trend toward prolonged survival upon single‐agent treatment in two of four models (SMA‐497 and SMA‐540) and there was a significant survival benefit in one model (SMA‐560). Co‐treatment with BAY‐826 and irradiation was ineffective in one model (SMA‐497), but provided synergistic prolongation of survival in another (SMA‐560). Decreased vessel densities and increased leukocyte infiltration were observed, but might be independent processes as the effect was also observed in single treatment modalities. These data demonstrate that TIE‐2 inhibition may improve tumor response to treatment in highly vascularized tumors such as glioblastoma.
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Mortality Leads and Lags
Authors: Milidonis Andreas , Efthymiou Maria 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTMortality risk varies geographically, especially in the Asia‐Pacific (APAC) region, where economic development is quite diverse. We present a newly collected data set on aggregate population mortality from 11 countries in APAC, which we rank based on their economic development. Using lead–lag analysis, we identify short‐term predictability in mortality risk across countries. Mortality improvements seem to appear faster in more developed than less developed countries. Such predictability is useful for longevity risk financing and in producing cross‐country mortality indices. We propose ways in which our results can benefit institutions manage their exposure in APAC mortality and longevity risk.
Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance, Independent Director Behavior, and Governance Effect
Authors: Jia Ning , Tang Xuesong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe examine the effect of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance) on the behavior of independent directors and the effectiveness of their governance role. Using a unique data set, we find a negative relation between D&O insurance and personal board meeting attendance by independent directors and a positive relation between D&O insurance and meeting attendance by authorized representatives. Content analysis of independent director opinion reports indicates that D&O insurance encourages independent directors to behave less responsibly. Insured independent directors are also more likely to be busy. Collectively, D&O insurance reduces the effectiveness of independent directors in corporate governance.
Marine reserve creation and interactions between fisheries and capture‐based aquaculture: A bio‐economic model analysis
Authors: Xuan Bui Bich , Armstrong Claire W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe rapid growth of aquaculture affects wild fisheries in several ways. We present a bioeconomic model of the interaction between a commercial wild fishery and capture‐based aquaculture that depends on harvest of wild juveniles. We assume that aquaculture reduces the intrinsic growth rate of the wild fish stock due to wild caught juveniles used as seeds, influencing wild stock size and commercial harvest. This may increase the economic conflicts between fishers and farmers. Introducing a marine protected area is expected to reduce these conflicts. The model considers both open access and economically optimal management regimes outside the marine protected area using numerical simulation. The numerical results show that a marine protected area of a certain size may increase economic benefits of both fishers and farmers in the case of optimal management, and enhance wild catch outside the reserve when there is open access.