bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Current-Dependent Morphology and Distribution of Discharge Products in Sodium-Oxygen Battery Cathodes
Authors: Schröder Daniel , Bender Conrad L. , Osenberg Markus , Hilger André , Manke Ingo , Janek Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSynchrotron X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy were applied to elucidate the spatial distribution of discharge product (NaO2) in the carbon cathode of sodium-oxygen batteries. Various batteries were discharged galvanostatically and their cathodes were analyzed. We observe a particle density gradient along the cathode that scales with the current density applied. Besides, we show that the particle size and shape of discharge product strongly depend on current density and on whether the particles are deposited close to the oxygen reservoir or near the separator. We correlate our findings to transport limitations for the supplied oxygen and gain crucial information for optimal operation of sodium-oxygen batteries. Our findings imply that for low current densities pore clogging might occur and that for elevated current densities small high surface area particles with limited electric conductivity form; both phenomena can decrease the available discharge and charge capacity significantly.
Flotation Immunoassay: Masking the Signal from Free Reporters in Sandwich Immunoassays
Authors: Chen Hui , Hagström Anna E. V. , Kim Jinsu , Garvey Gavin , Paterson Andrew , Ruiz-Ruiz Federico , Raja Balakrishnan , Strych Ulrich , Rito-Palomares Marco , Kourentzi Katerina , Conrad Jacinta C. , Atmar Robert L. , Willson Richard C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate that signal-masking reagents together with appropriate capture antibody carriers can eliminate the washing steps in sandwich immunoassays. A flotation immunoassay (FI) platform was developed with horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence as the reporter system, the dye Brilliant Blue FCF as the signal-masking reagent and buoyant silica micro-bubbles as the capture antibody carriers. Only reporters captured on micro-bubbles float above the dye and become visible in an analyte-dependent manner. These FIs are capable of detecting proteins down to attomole levels and as few as 106 virus particles. This signal-masking strategy represents a novel approach to simple, sensitive and quantitative immunoassays in both laboratory and point-of-care settings.
Bioorthogonal two-component drug delivery in HER2(+) breast cancer mouse models
Authors: Hapuarachchige Sudath , Kato Yoshinori , Artemov Dmitri 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe HER2 receptor is overexpressed in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis and a poor prognosis. Trastuzumab is a first-line targeted drug used against HER2(+) breast cancers; however, at least 50% of HER2(+) tumors develop resistance to trastuzumab. To treat these patients, trastuzumab-based antibody-drug conjugates (ACDs) have been developed and are currently used in the clinic. Despite their high efficacy, the long circulation half-life and non-specific binding of cytotoxic ADCs can result in systemic toxicity. In addition, standard ADCs do not provide an image-guided mode of administration. Here, we have developed a two-component, two-step, pre-targeting drug delivery system integrated with image guidance to circumvent these issues. In this strategy, HER2 receptors are pre-labeled with a functionalized trastuzumab antibody followed by the delivery of drug-loaded nanocarriers. Both components are cross-linked by multiple bioorthogonal click reactions in situ on the surface of the target cell and internalized as nanoclusters. We have explored the efficacy of this delivery strategy in HER2(+) human breast cancer models. Our therapeutic study confirms the high therapeutic efficacy of the new delivery system, with no significant toxicity.
On oscillatory microstructure during cellular growth of directionally solidified Sn–36at.%Ni peritectic alloy
Authors: Peng Peng , Li Xinzhong , Li Jiangong , Su Yanqing , Guo Jingjie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn oscillatory microstructure has been observed during deep-cellular growth of directionally solidified Sn–36at.%Ni hyperperitectic alloy containing intermetallic compounds with narrow solubility range. This oscillatory microstructure with a dimension of tens of micrometers has been observed for the first time. The morphology of this wave-like oscillatory structure is similar to secondary dendrite arms and can be observed only in some local positions of the sample. Through analysis such as successive sectioning of the sample, it can be concluded that this oscillatory microstructure is caused by oscillatory convection of the mushy zone during solidification. And the influence of convection on this oscillatory microstructure was characterized through comparison between experimental and calculations results on the wavelength. Besides, the change in morphology of this oscillatory microstructure has been proved to be caused by peritectic transformation during solidification. Furthermore, the melt concentration increases continuously during solidification of intermetallic compounds with narrow solubility range, which helps formation of this oscillatory microstructure.
Aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change
Authors: Battilani P. , Toscano P. , Van der Fels-Klerx H. J. , Moretti A. , Camardo Leggieri M. , Brera C. , Rortais A. , Goumperis T. , Robinson T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClimate change has been reported as a driver for emerging food and feed safety issues worldwide and its expected impact on the presence of mycotoxins in food and feed is of great concern. Aflatoxins have the highest acute and chronic toxicity of all mycotoxins; hence, the maximal concentration in agricultural food and feed products and their commodities is regulated worldwide. The possible change in patterns of aflatoxin occurrence in crops due to climate change is a matter of concern that may require anticipatory actions. The aim of this study was to predict aflatoxin contamination in maize and wheat crops, within the next 100 years, under a +2 °C and +5 °C climate change scenario, applying a modelling approach. Europe was virtually covered by a net, 50 × 50 km grids, identifying 2254 meshes with a central point each. Climate data were generated for each point, linked to predictive models and predictions were run consequently. Aflatoxin B1is predicted to become a food safety issue in maize in Europe, especially in the +2 °C scenario, the most probable scenario of climate change expected for the next years. These results represent a supporting tool to reinforce aflatoxin management and to prevent human and animal exposure.
A study on the evaluation method and recent clinical efficacy of bevacizumab on the treatment of radiation cerebral necrosis
Authors: Zhuang Hongqing , Yuan Xiangkun , Zheng Yi , Li Xubin , Chang Joe Y. , Wang Junjie , Wang Xiaoguang , Yuan Zhiyong , Wang Ping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn order to investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab on the treatment of radiation cerebral necrosis, patients who were diagnosed with radiation cerebral necrosis by imaging after stereotactic radiotherapy were collected. Bevacizumab was applied at a dose of 5 mg/kg once every three weeks at least three times. The changes in cerebral necrosis symptoms before and after treatment, the cerebral edema volume, the cerebral necrosis volume, and the changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strengthening phase signals of cerebral necrosis were used as the first observation point. The side effects of bevacizumab were used as the second observation point. Total of 14 radiation cerebral necrosis patients were treated with bevacizumab between June 2011 and February 2013 were collected. There were 12 symptomatic patients, of whom 10 patients (83.3%) had reduced symptoms. The edema index grades of nine patients (64.29%) improved. The cerebral necrosis volumes of 13 patients (92.86%) decreased. The T1 phase signal strengths of the intracranial enhanced MRIs of 12 patients (85.71%) significantly decreased. The clinical side effects of bevacizumab were mild. In conclusion, Preliminary results showed that treatment of radiation cerebral necrosis using bevacizumab was safe and effective. This treatment measure is worthy of further study.
Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill improves cardiac function after myocardial ischemia
Authors: JianXin Chen , Xue Xu , ZhongFeng Li , Kuo Gao , FeiLong Zhang , ZhiHong Li , Xian Wang , HongCai Shang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMyocardial ischemia (MI) is one of the leading causes of death, while Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill (QYDP) is a representative traditional Chinese medicine to treat this disease. Unveiling the pharmacological mechanism of QYDP will provide a great opportunity to promote the development of novel drugs to treat MI. 64 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: MI model group, sham operation group, QYDP treatment group and Fosinopril treatment group. Echocardiography results showed that QYDP exhibited significantly larger LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd) and LV end-systolic dimension (LVEDs), compared with the MI model group, indicating the improved cardiac function by QYDP. 1H-NMR based metabonomics further identify 9 significantly changed metabolites in the QYDP treatment group and the QYDP-related proteins based on the protein-metabolite interaction networks and the corresponding pathways were explored, involving the pyruvate metabolism pathway, the retinol metabolism pathway, the tyrosine metabolism pathway and the purine metabolism pathway, suggesting that QYDP was closely associated with blood circulation. ELISA tests were further employed to identify NO synthase (iNOS) and cathepsin K (CTSK) in the networks. For the first time, our work combined experimental and computational methods to study the mechanism of the formula of traditional Chinese medicine.
Facile Synthesis of Cadmium-Free Zn-In-S:Ag/ZnS Nanocrystals for Bio-Imaging
Authors: Xuan Tong-Tong , Liu Jia-Qing , Yu Cai-Yan , Xie Rong-Jun , Li Hui-Li 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHigh quality cadmium-free Zn-In-S:Ag doped-nanocrystals (d-NCs) were synthesized via a simple one-step noninjection route using silver nitrate, indium acetate, zinc acetate, oleylamine, S powder and 1-dodecanethiol as starting materials in an organic phase. The size and optical properties can be effectively tailored by controlling the reaction time, reaction temperature, Ag+ dopant concentration and the molar ratio of In to Zn. The photoluminescence wavelength of as-prepared Zn-In-S:Ag NCs covered a broad visible range from 458 nm to 603 nm. After being passivated by protective ZnS shell, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of Zn-In-S:Ag+ /ZnS was greatly improved to 43.5%. More importantly, the initial high PLQY of the obtained core/shell d-NCs in organic media can be preserved when being transferred into the aqueous media via ligand exchange. Finally, high quality Zn-In-S:Ag+ /ZnS d-NCs in aqueous phase were applied as bio-imaging agents for identifying living KB cells.
Differentiating T2 hyperintensity in neonatal white matter by two-compartment model of diffusional kurtosis imaging
Authors: Gao Jie , Li Xianjun , Li Yanyan , Zeng Lingxia , Jin Chao , Sun Qinli , Xu Duan , Yu Bolang , Yang Jian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn conventional neonatal MRI, the T2 hyperintensity (T2h) in cerebral white matter (WM) at term-equivalent age due to immaturity or impairment is still difficult to identify. To clarify such issue, this study used the metrics derived from a two-compartment WM model of diffusional kurtosis imaging (WM-DKI), including intra-axonal, extra-axonal axial and radial diffusivities (Da, De,// and De,⊥), to compare WM differences between the simple T2h and normal control for both preterm and full-term neonates, and between simple T2h and complex T2h with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Results indicated that compared with control, the simple T2h showed significantly increased De,// and De,⊥, but no significant change in Da in multiple premyelination regions, indicative of expanding extra-axonal diffusion microenvironment; while myelinated regions showed no changes. However, compared with simple T2h, the complex T2h with HIE had decreased Da, increased De,⊥ in both premyelination and myelinated regions, indicative of both intra- and extra-axonal diffusion alterations. While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) failed to distinguish simple T2h from complex T2h with HIE. In conclusion, superior to DTI-metrics, WM-DKI metrics showed more specificity for WM microstructural changes to distinguish simple T2h from complex T2h with HIE.
Die Zahlungsbereitschaft von Studierenden der Wirtschaftswissenschaften für prädiktive onkologische Gentests – eine empirische Analyse
Authors: Siol V. , Lange A. , Prenzler A. , Neubauer S. , Frank M. 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, das Interesse junger Erwachsener an einem prädiktiven onkologischen Gentest und ihre Zahlungsbereitschaft für dessen Inanspruchnahme zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert, welche soziodemografischen Faktoren, Einstellungen und Einschätzungen die beiden Zielgrößen determinieren.
Methodik: Im Juli 2013 haben 348 Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät an der Leibniz Universität Hannover an einer direkten Befragung per Fragebogen teilgenommen. Im Fokus der Erhebung standen das Interesse und die Zahlungsbereitschaft der Befragten hinsichtlich Informationen über das Vorliegen einer Krebsdisposition in ihrem Erbgut. Einleitend ist die Stichprobe mithilfe deskriptiver Statistik analysiert worden. Anschließend sind ordinale Probit-Regressionen durchgeführt und die erwarteten marginalen Effekte berechnet worden.
Ergebnisse: Rund die Hälfte der Studierenden ist an der Inanspruchnahme eines prädiktiven onkologischen Tests interessiert und bereit, für die Durchführung des Gentests zu bezahlen. Zudem messen die zahlungsbereiten Probanden den Informationen aus dem genetischen Testverfahren – teils beachtliche – monetäre Werte bei. Weiterhin zeigt die Untersuchung, dass das Interesse und die Zahlungsbereitschaft bei dieser Studienpopulation primär von persönlichen Einstellungen und eigenen Einschätzungen beeinflusst werden.
Schlussfolgerungen: Junge Erwachsene sind an einem prädiktiven onkologischen Gentest interessiert. Die vorliegende Studie belegt, dass diese dem Wissen ihres zukünftigen Erkrankungsrisikos einen bedeutenden Nutzen beimessen.
Vitreous Hemorrhage after Aneurismal Rupture: Terson Syndrome
Authors: Souza Rodrigo , Aguiar Guilherme , Weber Sarah , Flores Juan , Conti Mario , Veiga José 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Terson syndrome is described as an intraocular hemorrhage consequent to a spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH). In the present article, we describe cases of patients who underwent neurosurgical treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysm at our institution over a period of one year, and who were diagnosed with Terson syndrome.
Methods The present study included patients with a diagnosis of SSAH by rupture of a cerebral aneurysm who underwent treatment in our neurosurgical service from December 2009 to December 2010. The patients were followed-up for a minimum of 20 months. We have also performed a literature review and compared the data with those available in the current literature.
Results The present study included 34 patients, 18 (53%) of which underwent endovascular treatment, and 16 (47%) who underwent microsurgical clipping. In the sample, the mortality was 14.7% (5 patients), the same percentage of patients who were diagnosed with Terson Syndrome, which is an incidence of 14.7%. Regarding the ophthalmologic evaluation, all patients had vitreous hemorrhage detected by an ultrasound examination, which was unilateral in only two patients. Visual acuity improved in all patients, being incomplete in only one of them.
Conclusion Terson syndrome is relatively common and is associated with higher mortality. With the existence of an effective treatment, it should be investigated in all patients with SSAH.
Revealing catastrophic failure of leaf networks under stress
Authors: Brodribb Timothy J. , Bienaimé Diane , Marmottant Philippe 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceWater sustains photosynthesis and growth of land plants, but it must be transported from the soil to leaves under high tension. Drying soil leads to an increase in water tension, exposing plants to the problem of breakage of the water column, causing embolisms that cut off water supply, leading to tissue death during drought. The ability of leaves to resist embolism formation is a key adaptive axis in plant evolution, and yet the process itself has never been visualized in the leaf venation. We describe a new optical method that allows the evolution and spread of embolism in the entire leaf network to be mapped, thus revealing general rules in the sequence of leaf vein transport failure.
Detecting affiliation in colaughter across 24 societies
Authors: Bryant Gregory A. , Fessler Daniel M. T. , Fusaroli Riccardo , Clint Edward , Aarøe Lene , Apicella Coren L. , Petersen Michael Bang , Bickham Shaneikiah T. , Bolyanatz Alexander , Chavez Brenda , De Smet Delphine , Díaz Cinthya , Fančovičová Jana , Fux Michal , Giraldo-Perez Paulina , Hu Anning , Kamble Shanmukh V. , Kameda Tatsuya , Li Norman P. , Luberti Francesca R. , Prokop Pavol , Quintelier Katinka , Scelza Brooke A. , Shin Hyun Jung , Soler Montserrat , Stieger Stefan , Toyokawa Wataru , van den Hende Ellis A. , Viciana-Asensio Hugo , Yildizhan Saliha Elif , Yong Jose C. , Yuditha Tessa , Zhou Yi 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Human cooperation requires reliable communication about social intentions and alliances. Although laughter is a phylogenetically conserved vocalization linked to affiliative behavior in nonhuman primates, its functions in modern humans are not well understood. We show that judges all around the world, hearing only brief instances of colaughter produced by pairs of American English speakers in real conversations, are able to reliably identify friends and strangers. Participants’ judgments of friendship status were linked to acoustic features of laughs known to be associated with spontaneous production and high arousal. These findings strongly suggest that colaughter is universally perceivable as a reliable indicator of relationship quality, and contribute to our understanding of how nonverbal communicative behavior might have facilitated the evolution of cooperation.
Dysregulation of a family of short noncoding RNAs, tsRNAs, in human cancer
Authors: Pekarsky Yuri , Balatti Veronica , Palamarchuk Alexey , Rizzotto Lara , Veneziano Dario , Nigita Giovanni , Rassenti Laura Z. , Pass Harvey I. , Kipps Thomas J. , Liu Chang-gong , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common human leukemia. We identified two members of the tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) family,ts-3676andts-4521, both inactivated in CLL and lung cancer. We further analyzed expression of 120 tsRNAs and found that tsRNAs are dysregulated in CLL and lung cancer. Thus this study uncovers the involvement of this recently identified class of small, non-coding RNAs in hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors.
Sustaining GHz oscillation of carbon nanotube based oscillators via a MHz frequency excitation
Authors: Motevalli Benyamin , Taherifar Neda , Liu Jefferson Zhe 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
There have been intensive studies to investigate the properties of gigahertz nano-oscillators based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Many of these studies, however, revealed that the unique telescopic translational oscillations in such devices would damp quickly due to various energy dissipation mechanisms. This challenge remains the primary obstacle against its practical applications. Herein, we propose a design concept in which a GHz oscillation could be re-excited by a MHz mechanical motion. This design involves a triple-walled CNT, in which sliding of the longer inner tube at a MHz frequency can re-excite and sustain a GHz oscillation of the shorter middle tube. Our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations prove this design concept at ∼10 nm scale. A mathematical model is developed to explore the feasibility at a larger size scale. As an example, in an oscillatory system with the CNT’s length above 100 nm, the high oscillatory frequency range of 1.8–3.3 GHz could be excited by moving the inner tube at a much lower frequency of 53.4 MHz. This design concept together with the mechanical model could energize the development of GHz nano-oscillators in miniaturized electro-mechanical devices.
Prediabetes and Diabetes Are Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults: The ARIC Study
Authors: Loehr Laura R. , Meyer Michelle L. , Poon Anna K. , Selvin Elizabeth , Palta Priya , Tanaka Hirofumi , Pankow James S. , Wright Jacqueline D. , Griswold Michael E. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Heiss Gerardo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To determine whether prediabetes and diabetes in older adults are associated with arterial stiffness measured in central and peripheral arteries and to examine characteristics that modify these associations.

METHODS
Cohort members attending the 5th exam (2011–2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study had pulse wave velocity (PWV) measures performed at the carotid-femoral (cfPWV), brachial-ankle (baPWV), and femoral-ankle (faPWV) segments. Fasting glucose ≥126mg/dl, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%, or currently taking diabetes medication defined diabetes. Fasting glucose 100–125mg/dl or HbA1c 5.7%–6.4% among those without diabetes defined prediabetes. Cross-sectional associations were modeled using multivariable linear regression.

RESULTS
Among 4,279 eligible participants with cfPWV measures (mean age 75 years), 22% were African–American, 25.5% had diabetes, and 54.7% had prediabetes. Compared to those with normal glucose, cfPWV was 95.8cm/s higher (stiffer) on average for those with diabetes (for reference: being 1 year older was associated with 14.4cm/s higher cfPWV). Similar findings were seen for diabetes and baPWV, although attenuated. Interestingly, faPWV was 17.6cm/s lower for those with diabetes compared to normal glucose. There was a significant positive association between baPWV and prediabetes. Among those with diabetes, cfPWV was higher for those with albuminuria, reduced kidney function, duration of diabetes ≥10 years, and elevated HbA1c (HbA1c ≥7).

CONCLUSION
Among older adults, diabetes is associated with higher central arterial stiffness and lower peripheral arterial stiffness, and prediabetes is associated with higher baPWV. Cross-sectionally, the magnitude of the effect of diabetes on central stiffness is equivalent to 6 years of arterial aging.