bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack ofp53Augments Antitumor Functions in Cytolytic T Cells
Authors: Banerjee Anirban , Thyagarajan Krishnamurthy , Chatterjee Shilpak , Chakraborty Paramita , Kesarwani Pravin , Soloshchenko Myroslawa , Al-Hommrani Mazen , Andrijauskaite Kristina , Moxley Kelly , Janakiraman Harinarayanan , Scheffel Matthew J. , Helke Kristi , Armenson Kent , Palanisamy Viswanathan , Rubinstein Mark P. , Mayer Elizabeth-Garrett , Cole David J. , Paulos Chrystal M. , Voelkel-Johnson Christina , Nishimura Michael I. , Mehrotra Shikhar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRepetitive stimulation of T-cell receptor (TCR) with cognate antigen results in robust proliferation and expansion of the T cells, and also imprints them with replicative senescence signatures. Our previous studies have shown that life-span and antitumor function of T cells can be enhanced by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) or intervening with ROS-dependent JNK activation that leads to its activation-induced cell death. Because tumor suppressor protein p53 is also a redox active transcription factor that regulates cellular ROS generation that triggers downstream factor–mediating apoptosis, we determined if p53 levels could influence persistence and function of tumor-reactive T cells. Using h3T TCR transgenic mice, with human tyrosinase epitope–reactive T cells developed on p53 knockout (KO) background, we determined its role in regulating antitumor T-cell function. Our data show that as compared with h3T cells, h3T-p53 KO T cells exhibited enhanced glycolytic commitment that correlated with increased proliferation, IFNγ secretion, cytolytic capacity, expression of stemness gene signature, and decreased TGF-β signaling. This increased effector function correlated to the improved control of subcutaneously established murine melanoma after adoptive transfer of p53-KO T cells. Pharmacological inhibition of human TCR-transduced T cells using a combination of p53 inhibitors also potentiated the T-cell effector function and improved persistence. Thus, our data highlight the key role of p53 in regulating the tumor-reactive T-cell response and that targeting this pathway could have potential translational significance in adoptive T-cell therapy. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5229–40. ©2016 AACR.
Postmortem Study of Validation of Low Signal on Fat-Suppressed T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Marker of Lipid Core in Middle Cerebral Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yang Wen-Jie , Chen Xiang-Yan , Zhao Hai-Lu , Niu Chun-Bo , Zhang Bing , Xu Yun , Wong Ka-Sing , Ng Ho-Keung 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
High signal on T1-weighted fat-suppressed images in middle cerebral artery plaques on ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging was verified to be intraplaque hemorrhage histologically. However, the underlying plaque component of low signal on T1-weighted fat-suppressed images (LST1) has never been explored. Based on our experience, we hypothesized that LST1 might indicate the presence of lipid core within intracranial plaques.

Methods—
1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging was performed in the postmortem brains to scan the cross sections of bilateral middle cerebral arteries. Then middle cerebral artery specimens were removed for histology processing. LST1 presence was identified on magnetic resonance images, and lipid core areas were measured on the corresponding histology sections.

Results—

Total 76 middle cerebral artery locations were included for analysis. LST1 showed a high specificity (96.9%; 95% confidence interval, 82.0%–99.8%) but a low sensitivity (38.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.7%–54.5%) for detecting lipid core of all areas. However, the sensitivity increased markedly (81.2%; 95% confidence interval, 53.7%–95.0%) when only lipid cores of area ≥0.80 mm
2
were included. Mean lipid core area was 5× larger in those with presence of LST1 than in those without (1.63±1.18 mm
2
versus 0.32±0.31 mm
2
;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—
LST1 is a promising imaging biomarker of identifying intraplaque lipid core, which may be useful to distinguish intracranial atherosclerotic disease from other intracranial vasculopathies and to assess plaque vulnerability for risk stratification of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease. In vivo clinical studies are required to explore the correlation between LST1 and clinical outcomes of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease.
Multiple Infarcts Are Associated With Long-Term Stroke Recurrence and All-Cause Mortality in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients
Authors: Nezu Tomohisa , Mukai Tomoya , Uemura Junichi , Yamashita Mutsumi , Kitano Takaya , Wada Yuko , Yagita Yoshiki 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Brain infarct patterns that are observed via diffusion-weighted imaging are useful for classifying stroke subtypes. However, it is unclear whether infarct patterns can predict long-term outcomes in cryptogenic stroke patients. Herein, we investigated the association between acute brain infarct patterns and long-term stroke outcomes in cryptogenic stroke patients.

Methods—
Acute cryptogenic stroke patients were consecutively enrolled between April 2008 and March 2012. Diffusion-weighted imaging ischemic lesion patterns were classified as single lesions, scattered lesions in one vascular territory, or multiple lesions in multiple vascular territories. Survivors (at discharge) were followed up for 3 years after stroke onset.

Results—

A total of 272 cryptogenic stroke patients (132 women; aged 72±13 years) were enrolled. Among these patients, 169 (62.1%) had a single lesion, 38 (14.0%) had scattered lesions, and 65 (23.9%) had multiple lesions. Next, 261 patients (96.0%) were evaluated to assess right-to-left shunting, and 61 patients (23.4%) exhibited right-to-left shunting. On patient admission, right-to-left shunting and increased D-dimer levels were independently associated with multiple lesions but not single or scattered lesions. During the follow-up period (median, 1093 days), 30 patients (11.0%) developed recurrent stroke and 35 patients (12.9%) died. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that multiple infarcts were independently associated with recurrent stroke and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 3.79; 95% confidence interval, 2.24–6.37;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Multiple brain infarcts on diffusion-weighted imaging were independently associated with long-term stroke outcomes in cryptogenic stroke patients.
The Lasting Impact of the ‘Sociological Moment’ on the Churches’ Discourse of ‘Secularization’ in West Germany
Authors: Mittmann Thomas 
Published: July 2016

This paper focuses on the effect of the religious sociology on the churches’ discourse of “secularization.” The research results refer to transformations within the Catholic and Protestant Church(es) in West Germany since the 1950s. At this point the purpose is not to give comprehensive insight into that topic. Rather, a few general trends are to be considered here.
The secularization discourses within the West German Churches can be described as a periodization with three stages. In the period from 1945 to the late 1950s “secularization” was used to give an orientation after the devastating experiences of the Second World War. The concept was at that stage most understood in the classical meaning of a religious decline. “Secularization” was the mirror-image of past, present, and more importantly, the future. The chance of a religious revival on the one hand and the fear of a godless communism on the other hand were the main topics of the secularization discourse in the postwar period.
In the 1960s we can find a kind of “theologization” of “secularization.” Based on the work of theologians such as Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Paul Tillich, and Friedrich Gogarten it was the aim to integrate a changed understanding of “secularization” in the sense of a necessary “Verweltlichung” or “Weltlichkeit” into a “modern” and future oriented church model. The churchly debate was influenced and inspired by the general politicization of the West German society.
The third period began in the 1970s, but was fully developed in the 1980s. The secularization discourse followed the trend of a scientification of the Churches. The definition of “secularization” was more and more affected by sociological patterns and the theological dimension moved into the background. The churchly discussion benefited primarily from the extension of Church Sociology to Sociology of Religions. This impact of the “sociological moment” improved the future prospects of the Churches, as long as they were willing to adapt to modern society by changing their symbolic, ritual, and institutional form. Already, at the end of the 1970s the first indications of a changed perception of the significance of religion were seen. This also involved attempts to replace the theory of secularization with more plausible accounts of the future of religion.
Effects of Southeastern Pacific Sea Surface Temperature on the Double-ITCZ Bias in NCAR CESM1
Authors: Song Fengfei , Zhang Guang J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a long-standing bias in the climatology of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs). The warm biases in southeastern Pacific (SEP) sea surface temperature (SST) are also evident in many CGCMs. In this study, the role of SEP SST in the double ITCZ is investigated by prescribing the observed SEP SST in the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). Both the double ITCZ and dry equator problems are significantly improved with SEP SST prescribed. Both atmospheric and oceanic processes are involved in the improvements. The colder SST over the SEP decreases the precipitation, which enhances the southeasterly winds outside the prescribed SST region, cooling the ocean via increased evaporation. The enhanced descending motion over the SEP strengthens the Walker circulation. The easterly winds over the equatorial Pacific enhance upwelling and shoal the thermocline over the eastern Pacific. The changes of surface wind and wind curl lead to a weaker South Equatorial Countercurrent and stronger South Equatorial Current, preventing the warm water from expanding eastward, thereby improving both the double ITCZ and dry equator. The enhanced Walker circulation also increases the low-level wind convergence and reduces the wind speed in the tropical western Pacific, leading to warmer SST and stronger convection there. The stronger convection in turn leads to more cloud and reduces the incoming solar radiation, cooling the SST. These competing effects between radiative heat flux and latent heat flux make the atmospheric heat flux secondary to the ocean dynamics in the western Pacific warming.
Gabapentin for Perioperative Analgesia in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Sanders James G. , Dawes Patrick J. D. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveRecent research has investigated the role of gabapentin in perioperative pain relief in otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery. This review aims to identify whether sufficient evidence exists for the routine use of gabapentin in the perioperative setting.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar.Review MethodsA comprehensive systematic search was performed with keywords for articles up to November 2015. The systematic review included all randomized, placebo‐, and active‐controlled trials investigating the role of perioperative gabapentin for pain in otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery. The studies were assessed for risk of bias and selected and reviewed by the main author. Selected trials were required to have data in the form of pain intensity scores, analgesic consumption, adverse effects, or return to normal function.ResultsA total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included, of which 4 had an active control. The placebo‐controlled trials included 4 for tonsillectomy, 3 for rhinology, and 3 for thyroidectomy. These studies were not suitable for meta‐analysis. Trial quality involving gabapentin in tonsillectomy surgery is variable. The higher‐quality studies reported significantly reduced analgesic consumption in the gabapentin groups, with the effect on pain scores less clear. There was a significant benefit, within the first 24 hours, in pain and analgesic consumption as compared with placebo favoring the gabapentin groups following rhinologic and thyroid surgery.ConclusionOverall, gabapentin appears to have a significant beneficial effect on perioperative pain relief and analgesic consumption in otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery procedures within the first 24 hours.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in assessing early response among patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Saracco Ariel , Szabó Botond K , Tánczos Ervin , Bergh Jonas , Hatschek Thomas 
Published: July 2016

Background One of the big challenges in onco-radiology is to find a reliable imaging method that may predict early response during the first cycles of any neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Purpose To evaluate the use of real-time harmonic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in predicting early response in breast cancer tumors under neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment. Material and Methods Nineteen consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer were evaluated with a bolus dose of 2.4 mL contrast agent using CEUS, before and after two cycles of epirubicin and docetaxel. The lognormal function was used for quantitative analysis of kinetic data to evaluate early response. Results There was statistically significant difference in time-to-peak ( tp) between responders and non-responders (two sample t-test, P = 0.027) where tp was significantly longer at the week 5 than at the baseline scan among responders when compared to non-responders. Conclusion In-flow of intravascular contrast agent in tumors is significantly slower in responders at real-time harmonic CEUS, and might be effectively used for the evaluation of early response to chemotherapy in invasive breast cancer. However, further investigations in a larger and more heterogeneous population should be performed to corroborate the reliability of the method.
Anxiety and depression on an acute respiratory ward
Authors: Thew Graham R , MacCallam Jackie , Salkovskis Paul M , Suntharalingam Jay 
Published: July 2016

Objectives: Psychological difficulties are a common complication among patients with respiratory disease, and are associated with poorer health outcomes and increased use of healthcare. As prevalence studies typically sample patients from community settings, this study aimed to explore the extent and nature of psychological difficulties during acute hospital admission. Methods: A case example of an acute respiratory ward is presented. In total, 41 acute respiratory inpatients completed standardised measures of depression, anxiety, and health anxiety. Results: Rates of clinically significant depression, anxiety, and health anxiety were 71%, 40%, and 21%, respectively, with 76% of participants showing clinically significant scores on at least one measure. Comparison to existing literature suggests depression rates may be elevated in the acute inpatient context. The difficulties experienced encompassed both contextual factors related to being in hospital and broader health concerns. Conclusion: We suggest that psychological distress may be particularly prevalent in inpatient settings and that larger-scale studies are warranted.
Effects of conventional and a novel colonic‐release bile acid sequestrant, A3384, on fibroblast growth factor 19 and bile acid metabolism in healthy volunteers and patients with bile acid diarrhoea
Authors: Appleby RN , Bajor A , Gillberg P‐G , Graffner H , Simrén M , Ung KA , Walters JRF 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPrimary bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is associated with increased bile acid synthesis and low fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19). Bile acid sequestrants are used as therapy, but are poorly tolerated and may exacerbate FGF19 deficiency.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of conventional sequestrants and a colonic‐release formulation preparation of colestyramine (A3384) on bile acid metabolism and bowel function in patients with BAD.MethodsPatients with seven‐day 75 selenium‐homocholic acid taurine (SeHCAT) scan retention <10% were randomised in a double‐blind protocol to two weeks treatment with twice‐daily A3384 250 mg (n  = 6), 1 g (n  = 7) or placebo (n  = 6). Thirteen patients were taking conventional sequestrants at the start of the study. Symptoms were recorded and serum FGF19 and 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4) measured.ResultsMedian serum FGF19 on conventional sequestrant treatment was 28% lower than baseline values in BAD (p  < 0.05). C4 on conventional sequestrant treatment was 58% higher in BAD (p  < 0.001). No changes were seen on starting or withdrawing A3384. A3384 improved diarrhoeal symptoms, with a median reduction of 2.2 points on a 0–10 Likert scale compared to placebo, p  < 0.05.ConclusionsSerum FGF19 was suppressed and bile acid production up‐regulated on conventional bile acid sequestrants, but not with A3384. This colonic‐release formulation of colestyramine produced symptomatic benefit in patients with BAD.
CEC determination with Cu-triethylenetetramine: recommendations for improving reproducibility and accuracy
Authors: Stanjek Helge , Künkel Dennis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe strongly coloured Cu-triethylenetetramine complex (Cu-Trien) provides a fast and easy way to measure the cation exchange capacity of clay samples, but the reliability of this method has been questioned in recent publications. This work identifies several reasons for the poor reliability, thus improving both the precision and accuracy of the CEC method. Pure Trien is shown here to intercalate as does the Cu-Trien complex. Hence, the purity of Trien and also the Cu/Trien ratio require special attention. Using cold Cu-Trien solutions produces systematic deviations in CEC determinations caused by errors in the pipetted volumes. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the Cu-Trien complex protonates and changes its effective charge beyond 2+. Based on titration experiments at three different temperatures, a correction function is derived for calculating the total charge of the Cu-Trien complex as a function of pH. Accounting for these pH-corrected charges indicates that Cu-Trien may well be insensitive to edge charges on smectite. Finally, it is shown here that the ratio of sample mass to the initial amount of Cu-Trien is critical because excess adsorption of Cu-Trien in addition to CECsensu strictuwas observed.
Effective removal of anionic and cationic dyes by kaolinite and TiO2/kaolinite composites
Authors: Hajjaji W. , Andrejkovičová S. , Pullar R.C. , Tobaldi D.M. , Lopez-Galindo A. , Jammousi F. , Rocha F. , Labrincha J.A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present study investigated the removal of methylene blue (MB) and orange II (OII) dyes from synthetic wastewater by means of adsorption and photocatalysis using natural kaolins. ForMB adsorption, the raw kaolinite-rich samples showed the greatest adsorption capacity, with rapid uptake (90% after 20 min). The experimental results were fitted better using the Langmuir isotherm model parameters compared to the Freundlich model, suggesting that the adsorption corresponds to monolayer coverage of MB molecules over the kaolinite surface. For OII, neither the Langmuir nor the Freundlich model gave reliable results, because the adsorption of anionic dye molecules by the clayey particles is not favoured.Mixtures of kaolinite/Degussa TiO2 were also prepared, and their photocatalytic properties under UVlight exposure were investigated. Decolourization of MB solutions was observed, even in a mixture with low TiO2 content. This is related to the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis and, unlike the pure clay samples, the efficiency of such mixtures against OII was only slightly weaker (80–94%).For TiO2-impregnated clays, with the kaolinite layers separated by sol-gel TiO2 particles, the MB removal was slow and effective only after >24 h due to the complexity of the bonding of MB molecules. On the other hand, the removal performance against OII solutions was very efficient (nearly 100%) within only 2 h. This excellent performance was attributed to morphological changes in clay particles.
Commercial bentonite from the Kopernica deposit (Tertiary, Slovakia): a petrographic and mineralogical approach
Authors: Górniak K. , Szydłak T. , Gaweł A. , Klimek A. , Tomczyk A. , Sulikowski B. , Olejniczak Z. , Motyka J. , Serwicka E.M. , Bahranowski K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCommercial bentonite from the Kopernica deposit, Slovakia, is currently mined by the CERTECH Company, Poland, to produce materials intended for animal-care applications and other industrial purposes. The present study aimed to assess the mineralogical, petrographic and physicochemical characteristics of three bentonite varieties from Kopernica used by the company. The X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and chemical analyses showed that the main component of the rocks is montmorillonite with the average structural formula Ca0.31K0.08Na0.04(Al3.23Mg0.54Fe0.23)[(Si7.80Al0.20)O20](OH)4. In addition, opal-C/CT, biotite, potassium feldspar and plagioclase, quartz, clinoptilolite and kaolinite are present. Key information about the textural relationships between the mineral components identified was obtained from detailed thin-section petrography and FESEM studies. The rocks studied have fragmented, eutaxitic texture. They are composed of pumice fragments collapsed into lenticular masses (fiamme) which were strongly deformed and altered, though the shard structures were retained. The compressed glass shards were moulded around pyroclastic grains such as crystal fragments of quartz, biotite and zoned plagioclases, and clasts of volcanic rocks. Observations by FESEM showed that the axes of shards and the walls of the flattened vacuoles are outlined by the inward-growing microlites of silica (axiolitic texture), whilst the interiors of shards are altered to clay. Grain-size distribution, textural properties and microscope observations of grain-size fractions reveal that the Kopernica bentonite contains montmorillonite-opal aggregates difficult to disperse in water.