bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile homicide offender recidivism
Authors: Trulson Chad , Caudill Jon 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine and explain the recidivism outcomes of a large cohort of juvenile homicide offenders three years following their release from institutional confinement.

Design/methodology/approach
Retrospective data were utilized to examine demographic, background, and institutional behavior variables on post-release recidivism of 247 juvenile homicide offenders. Analyses distinguish between capital and non-capital juvenile homicide offenders.

Findings
Descriptive analyses demonstrated a 50 percent recidivism rate among the sample of juvenile homicide offenders. Bivariate analyses revealed few significant differences between capital and non-capital homicide offending juveniles. Logistic regression analyses revealed that youth who were neglected prior to state institutionalization were significantly more likely to recidivate. Logistic regression also revealed that longer lengths of incarceration were associated with decreased odds of recidivism, while participating in assaultive behaviors against peers while confined aggravated the odds of recidivism.

Research limitations/implications
Implications related to the role that previous neglect, incarceration time, and institutional behavior can inform policymakers and practitioners on issues related to the treatment of juvenile homicide offenders while confined, and the impact that incarceration time and institutional behavior mean for post-release recidivism risk.

Originality/value
Little research has assessed the recidivism outcomes of juvenile homicide offenders, especially with a larger sample size. None have examined the differences between capital and non-capital homicide offending juveniles. As juvenile jurisdictions continue to retain more homicide offending juveniles (as opposed to their removal to adult systems), there is value to the research to inform policy and practice with such an enriched and problematic groups of offenders.
Internationalization of firms: revitalizing the board of directors after a cross-border acquisition
Authors: Pisano Vincenzo , Faraci Rosario , Cabiddu Francesca , Picone Pasquale Massimo 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to show the importance of introducing an integration manager (i.e. an executive position used to channel the acquiring firm’s course of action and strengthen the success of a post-acquisition integration process) within the acquiring firm’s board of directors.Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical paper that introduces the integration manager within the board of privately held firms going internationally via acquisitions and serving as an “out-insider” director able to balance the conflicting demands of the previously separated entities during their integration process. The authors present an explanatory case study that empirically contributes to the board of directors’ design for internationalization.FindingsThe authors posit that the integration manager serves as an “out-insider” director of the board for privately held firms, possessed by large-block shareholders, going internationally via acquisitions, providing the necessary expertise and knowledge of the target firm’s products and industry.Originality/valueThe provided study aims to show that international acquisitions, even though apparently less risky than greenfield investments, may require additional neutral information flow – both within the due-diligence process and the post-acquisition integration – that only outsiders possess. Such an outsider has been individuated in the integration manager whose crucial role focuses on smoothing the pre- and post-acquisition integration processes.
Building employability through graduate development programmes
Authors: Clarke Marilyn 
Published: April 2017

PurposeGraduate development programmes are a well-established strategy for recruiting graduates into the sector at the start of a lifetime public service career. There are indications, however, that public sector careers are becoming less secure and less long term in keeping with overall career trends across all sectors, a trend that has seen the emergence of employment contracts based on employability rather than job security. The purpose of this paper is to explore a graduate development programme offered by a state-based Australian public sector organisation to identify the extent to which it reflects and supports the shift to an employability-based contract from the perspective of programme participants.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants from three intakes of a public sector graduate development programme. Data were analysed through identification of first- and second-order themes as well as cross-case comparison.FindingsFindings indicate that the one-year development programme partially supports an employability-based contract. The organisation could not promise ongoing employment and job security but did assist participants to develop skills and competencies for the future through its formal training and development programme. Work unit support for employability was, however, much more variable and depended to a large extent on line managers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in a single organisation and only included current and past programme participants who were still employed in the public sector.Practical implicationsThe success of the programme was largely dependent on job placement and level of line manager support. Addressing these areas through better programme design and management can support the development of future leaders through opportunities for enhanced employability.Originality/valueThe study extends current research on employability by exploring how a public sector organisation provides support for graduates in a developmental programme from a participant perspective.
Economic burden of psoriatic patients in Japan: Analysis from a single outpatient clinic
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Satoh Katsuhiko , Takagi Akiyoshi , Iizuka Hajime 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTopical and systemic agents have dramatically improved the treatment efficacy of psoriasis. Few reports, however, exist describing the economic burden in Japanese psoriatic patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the total costs as well as cost versus efficacy of topical and systemic treatments of psoriatic patients under the Japanese health insurance system. The retrospective study was performed from the database of our clinic, which is located in Hokkaido Prefecture. Cost and effectiveness of psoriatic patients were evaluated during the 12‐month period from April 2015 to March 2016. Data were collected and calculated for the total cost per year, treatment efficacy and cost versus efficacy. The mean total cost of topical corticosteroid treatment was ¥18 184/year and was lowest among the treatments. The systemic treatment with biologics was most expensive and the costs were over ¥400 000/year. Among the topical treatments, calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate was most expensive (¥34 693/year). However, cost versus efficacy was not significantly different from that of topical corticosteroid treatments. The cost of secukinumab was highest among all the treatments (¥631 600/year). However, treatment day per cost was lowest of all the psoriasis treatments. Biologics showed the highest cost than topical or systemic treatments. However, they showed most marked efficacy in terms of improving the psoriatic skin lesions.
Magazine Influence on Cartridge Case Ejection Patterns with Glock Pistols
Authors: Kerkhoff Wim , Alberink Ivo , Mattijssen Erwin J.A.T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, the cartridge case ejection patterns of six different Glock model pistols (one specimen per model) were compared under three conditions: firing with a loaded magazine, an empty magazine, and without magazine. The distances, covered by the ejected cartridge cases given these three conditions, were compared for each of the six models. A significant difference was found between the groups of data for each of the tested specimens. This indicates that it is important that, to reconstruct a shooting scene incident based on the ejection patterns of a pistol, test shots are fired with the same pistol type and under the correct magazine condition.
Review article: Workplace violence in the emergency department: A systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Nikathil Shradha , Olaussen Alexander , Gocentas Robert A , Symons Evan , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPatient or visitor perpetrated workplace violence (WPV) has been reported to be a common occurrence within the ED. No universal definition of violence or recording of such events exists. In addition ED staff are often reluctant to report violent incidents. The true incidence of WPV is therefore unclear. This systematic review aimed to quantify WPV in EDs. The association of WPV to drug and alcohol exposure was explored. The databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and the Cochrane Library were searched from their commencement to 10 March 2016. MeSH terms and text words for ED, violence and aggression were combined. A meta‐analysis was conducted on the primary outcome variable‐proportion of violent patients among total ED presentations. A secondary meta‐analysis used studies reporting on proportion of drug and alcohol affected patients occurring within the violent population. The search yielded a total of 8720 records. A total of 7235 were unique and underwent abstract screening. A total of 22 studies were deemed relevant according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Retrospective study design predominated, analysing mainly security records and incident reports. The rates of violence from individual studies ranged from 1 incident to 172 incidents per 10 000 presentations. The pooled incidence suggests there are 36 violent patients for every 10 000 presentations to the ED (95% confidence interval 0.0030–0.0043). WPV in the ED was commonly reported. There is wide heterogeneity across the study methodology, definitions and rates. More standardised recording and reporting may inform preventive measures and highlight effective management strategies.
Evolution of Taste Compounds of Dezhou‐Braised Chicken During Cooking Evaluated by Chemical Analysis and an Electronic Tongue System
Authors: Liu Dengyong , Li Shengjie , Wang Nan , Deng Yajun , Sha Lei , Gai Shengmei , Liu Huan , Xu Xinglian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper aimed to study the time course changes in taste compounds of Dezhou‐braised chicken during the entire cooking process mainly consisting of deep‐frying, high‐temperature boiling, and low‐temperature braising steps. For this purpose, meat samples at different processing stages were analyzed for 5′‐nucleotides and free amino acids, and were also subjected to electronic tongue measurements. Results showed that IMP, Glu, Lys, and sodium chloride were the main compounds contributing to the taste attributes of the final product. IMP and Glu increased in the boiling step and remained unchanged in the following braising steps. Meanwhile, decrease in Lys content and increase in sodium chloride content were observed over time in both boiling and braising steps. Intensities for bitterness, saltiness, and Aftertaste‐B obtained from the electronic tongue analysis were correlated with the concentrations of these above chemical compounds. Therefore, the electronic tongue system could be applied to evaluate the taste development of Dezhou‐braised chicken during processing.
Processes to Preserve Spice and Herb Quality and Sensory Integrity During Pathogen Inactivation
Authors: Duncan Susan E. , Moberg Kayla , Amin Kemia N. , Wright Melissa , Newkirk Jordan J. , Ponder Monica A. , Acuff Gary R. , Dickson James S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSelected processing methods, demonstrated to be effective at reducing Salmonella, were assessed to determine if spice and herb quality was affected. Black peppercorn, cumin seed, oregano, and onion powder were irradiated to a target dose of 8 kGy. Two additional processes were examined for whole black peppercorns and cumin seeds: ethylene oxide (EtO) fumigation and vacuum assisted‐steam (82.22 °C, 7.5 psia). Treated and untreated spices/herbs were compared (visual, odor) using sensory similarity testing protocols (α = 0.20; β = 0.05; proportion of discriminators: 20%) to determine if processing altered sensory quality. Analytical assessment of quality (color, water activity, and volatile chemistry) was completed. Irradiation did not alter visual or odor sensory quality of black peppercorn, cumin seed, or oregano but created differences in onion powder, which was lighter (higher L*) and more red (higher a*) in color, and resulted in nearly complete loss of measured volatile compounds. EtO processing did not create detectable odor or appearance differences in black peppercorn; however visual and odor sensory quality differences, supported by changes in color (higher b*; lower L*) and increased concentrations of most volatiles, were detected for cumin seeds. Steam processing of black peppercorn resulted in perceptible odor differences, supported by increased concentration of monoterpene volatiles and loss of all sesquiterpenes; only visual differences were noted for cumin seed. An important step in process validation is the verification that no effect is detectable from a sensory perspective.
How Do Indifferent Voters Decide? The Political Importance of Implicit Attitudes
Authors: Ryan Timothy J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA hallmark finding in the study of public opinion is that many citizens approach the political realm with one‐sided attitudes that color their judgments, making attitude change difficult. This finding highlights the importance of citizens with weak prior attitudes, since they might represent a segment of the electorate that is more susceptible to influence. The judgment processes of citizens with weak attitudes, however, are poorly understood. Drawing from dual‐process models in psychology, I test the idea that citizens with weak explicit attitudes rely on implicit attitudes as they render political judgments. I find support for this conjecture in experimental and observational data. There are two main contributions. First, I show that an important and understudied segment of the electorate arrives at political decisions via automatic (but nonetheless predictable) mental processes. Second, I characterize the conditions under which implicit political attitudes matter more and less.
Drug interactions and safety profiles with concomitant use of caspofungin and calcineurin inhibitors in allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Nishimoto Mitsutaka , Koh Hideo , Tokuwame Atsushi , Makuuchi Yosuke , Kuno Masatomo , Takakuwa Teruhito , Okamura Hiroshi , Koh Shiro , Yoshimura Takuro , Nanno Satoru , Nakamae Mika , Hirose Asao , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Nakane Takahiko , Hino Masayuki , Nakamae Hirohisa 
Published: April 2017

AimSmall‐scale clinical studies have reported on drug interactions between caspofungin (CPFG) and calcineurin inhibitors in healthy subjects; however, little is known about these interactions in allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the drug interactions and safety profiles in allo‐HCT recipients treated concomitantly with CPFG and calcineurin inhibitors.ResultsNinety‐one consecutive cases were evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the plasma concentration/dose (C/D) ratios of tacrolimus (TAC) in 34 patients before and after co‐administration with CPFG (median: 575.6–672.4, P = 0.200). In contrast, the median C/D ratio of cyclosporin A (CsA) in 16 patients was significantly elevated after co‐administration with CPFG (median: 62.8–74.9, P = 0.016). There were no serious adverse effects on liver or renal function associated with the therapy.ConclusionsOur data show that CPFG did not affect the pharmacokinetics of TAC and that it could mildly increase CsA blood concentrations in allo‐HCT patients.
Pointwise Influence Matrices for Functional-Response Regression
Authors: Reiss Philip T. , Huang Lei , Wu Pei-Shien , Chen Huaihou , Colcombe Stan 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWe extend the notion of an influence or hat matrix to regression with functional responses and scalar predictors. For responses depending linearly on a set of predictors, our definition is shown to reduce to the conventional influence matrix for linear models. The pointwise degrees of freedom, the trace of the pointwise influence matrix, are shown to have an adaptivity property that motivates a two-step bivariate smoother for modeling nonlinear dependence on a single predictor. This procedure adapts to varying complexity of the nonlinear model at different locations along the function, and thereby achieves better performance than competing tensor product smoothers in an analysis of the development of white matter microstructure in the brain.
Incorporating Covariates Into Integrated Factor Analysis of Multi-View Data
Authors: Li Gen , Jung Sungkyu 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn modern biomedical research, it is ubiquitous to have multiple data sets measured on the same set of samples from different views (i.e., multi-view data). For example, in genetic studies, multiple genomic data sets at different molecular levels or from different cell types are measured for a common set of individuals to investigate genetic regulation. Integration and reduction of multi-view data have the potential to leverage information in different data sets, and to reduce the magnitude and complexity of data for further statistical analysis and interpretation. In this article, we develop a novel statistical model, called supervised integrated factor analysis (SIFA), for integrative dimension reduction of multi-view data while incorporating auxiliary covariates. The model decomposes data into joint and individual factors, capturing the joint variation across multiple data sets and the individual variation specific to each set, respectively. Moreover, both joint and individual factors are partially informed by auxiliary covariates via nonparametric models. We devise a computationally efficient Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm to fit the model under some identifiability conditions. We apply the method to the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, and provide new insights into the variation decomposition of gene expression in multiple tissues. Extensive simulation studies and an additional application to a pediatric growth study demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method over competing methods.
On the Multiple Imputation Variance Estimator for Control-Based and Delta-Adjusted Pattern Mixture Models
Authors: Tang Yongqiang 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Control-based pattern mixture models (PMM) and delta-adjusted PMMs are commonly used as sensitivity analyses in clinical trials with non-ignorable dropout. These PMMs assume that the statistical behavior of outcomes varies by pattern in the experimental arm in the imputation procedure, but the imputed data are typically analyzed by a standard method such as the primary analysis model. In the multiple imputation (MI) inference, Rubin's variance estimator is generally biased when the imputation and analysis models are uncongenial. One objective of the article is to quantify the bias of Rubin's variance estimator in the control-based and delta-adjusted PMMs for longitudinal continuous outcomes. These PMMs assume the same observed data distribution as the mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM). We derive analytic expressions for the MI treatment effect estimator and the associated Rubin's variance in these PMMs and MMRM as functions of the maximum likelihood estimator from the MMRM analysis and the observed proportion of subjects in each dropout pattern when the number of imputations is infinite. The asymptotic bias is generally small or negligible in the delta-adjusted PMM, but can be sizable in the control-based PMM. This indicates that the inference based on Rubin's rule is approximately valid in the delta-adjusted PMM. A simple variance estimator is proposed to ensure asymptotically valid MI inferences in these PMMs, and compared with the bootstrap variance. The proposed method is illustrated by the analysis of an antidepressant trial, and its performance is further evaluated via a simulation study.
Bayesian Regression for Group Testing Data
Authors: McMahan Christopher S. , Tebbs Joshua M. , Hanson Timothy E. , Bilder Christopher R. 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Group testing involves pooling individual specimens (e.g., blood, urine, swabs, etc.) and testing the pools for the presence of a disease. When individual covariate information is available (e.g., age, gender, number of sexual partners, etc.), a common goal is to relate an individual's true disease status to the covariates in a regression model. Estimating this relationship is a nonstandard problem in group testing because true individual statuses are not observed and all testing responses (on pools and on individuals) are subject to misclassification arising from assay error. Previous regression methods for group testing data can be inefficient because they are restricted to using only initial pool responses and/or they make potentially unrealistic assumptions regarding the assay accuracy probabilities. To overcome these limitations, we propose a general Bayesian regression framework for modeling group testing data. The novelty of our approach is that it can be easily implemented with data from any group testing protocol. Furthermore, our approach will simultaneously estimate assay accuracy probabilities (along with the covariate effects) and can even be applied in screening situations where multiple assays are used. We apply our methods to group testing data collected in Iowa as part of statewide screening efforts for chlamydia, and we make user-friendly R code available to practitioners.
Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: the gasotransmitter paradigm of the vascular system
Authors: Cirino Giuseppe , Vellecco Valentina , Bucci Mariarosaria 
Published: April 2017

There are several reviews on NO and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and their role in vascular diseases in the current relevant literature. The aim of this review is to discuss, within the limits of present knowledge, the interconnection between these two gasotransmitters in vascular function. In particular, the review focuses on the role played by the balance between the NO and H2S pathways in either physiological or pathological conditions. The distinction between physiology and pathology has been made in order to dissect the molecular basis of this crosstalk, highlighting how and if this balance varies, depending upon the vascular status. Perspectives and possible novel therapeutic approaches are also discussed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc