bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particulate matter in necropsy activities: experience from a health operators’ exposure monitoring campaign
Authors: Scopetti Matteo , Di Fazio Nicola , Padovano Martina , Delogu Giuseppe , Morena Donato , Frati Paola , Protano Carmela , Vitali Matteo , Fineschi Vittorio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Operators in the obituary and necropsy sectors are exposed to various environmental hazards during specific tasks. Despite this exposure, occupational risks have often been underestimated, resulting in a lack of substantial evidence. The primary objectives of this study were to identify sources of chemical risk, establish procedures for monitoring and quantifying exposure during necropsy activities, and recommend adjustments to regulatory guidelines to protect the health of the operators. The study was conducted at the Legal Medicine Unit of the Umberto I General Hospital in Rome, focusing on the quantitative measurement of particulate matter (PM) exposure among at-risk operators during necropsy activities. Environmental levels of total suspended particles, PM10, PM4, PM2.5, and PM1 were assessed by evaluating the average, minimum, and maximum instantaneous indoor concentrations using an airborne analyzer.

Results
The monitoring activities revealed that the PM concentrations were significantly lower than the recognized reference values. However, bone sawing, body removal, and cleaning were identified as high-risk maneuvers for dust suspension.

Conclusions
Our study highlighted specific risks associated with necropsy activities, particularly concerning timing and certain maneuvers. These results may lead to interventions for improving current prevention procedures, implementing good practices, and developing specific guidelines to enhance operator safety.
Quality attributes of black tea-flavored Chardonnay wine processed by ultrasound
Authors: Liang Zijian , Zhang Pangzhen , Ma Wen , Zeng Xin-An , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn innovative Chardonnay wine flavored with black tea was prepared under optimal ultrasound conditions at 450.0 W for 22.6 min, and its physicochemical features, antioxidant power, total phenolic content, and volatile composition were systematically examined. A total of 165 phenolic and non-phenolic substances were characterized, including 27 newly formed phenolic substances and 10 non-phenolic substances that were not found in both black tea and Chardonnay wine. Catechin was found to be the phenolic compound with the largest amount detected, which was responsible for the potentiated antioxidant activities. The wine exhibited a profile of 44 volatile compounds, with 13 volatiles as odor-active compounds. Black tea infusion resulted in a decline in fruity, fermented and spicy aromas, but an increase in green and citrus odors, while ultrasound processing further intensified these odors. This study anticipated that ultrasound technology could hold promise for crafting flavored wines with heightened functionalities and appealing flavor profiles.
Graphical Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted infusion of black tea potentiated the antioxidant activity and enriched the volatile and phenolic profiles of Chardonnay wine.
Clinical Outcomes and Radiographic Results of Prone Transpsoas Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Single-Institution Case Series
Authors: Ehresman Jeff , Farber S. Harrison , Battista Madison , Lee Katriel E. , Lee Bryan S. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
This study assessed feasibility, radiologic parameters, and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent the prone transpsoas (PTP) approach for lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

METHODS:
This retrospective observational study included consecutive patients who underwent PTP performed by a single surgeon. Data were collected including age, sex, body mass index, operative levels, retraction time, complications, radiographic measurements, and visual analog scale pain scores. Statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric Wilcoxon 2-sample tests.

RESULTS:
A total of 106 consecutive patients (mean [SD] age, 66 [15] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 29.3 [5.0]) underwent PTP on 173 spinal levels, with a mean (SD) follow-up of 13 (8) months. Sixty of 106 (57%) patients underwent a 1-level PTP procedure (range, 1-4 levels), most commonly on L4-5. The mean (SD) retraction time was 10.4 (3.1) minutes for L1-2, 9.7 (2.8) minutes for L2-3, 9.3 (2.3) minutes for L3-4, and 9.5 (3.2) minutes for L4-5. Adverse events included incidental anterior longitudinal ligament release (3 of 173 [2%] levels) and transient ipsilateral hip flexor weakness (1 of 106 [0.9%] patients). The mean pelvic incidence was 57°. Lumbar lordosis increased from a mean of 44° to 51° (P < .001). Pelvic tilt decreased from a mean of 20° to 12° (P < .001). Pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch decreased from a mean of 13 to 5 (P < .001). Visual analog scale pain scores improved from a mean of 6 preoperatively to 5 postoperatively (P < .001).

CONCLUSION:
In this single-institution patient series, the PTP approach was effective and safe for lateral lumbar fusion, with minimal complications and improved lumbar lordosis and patient-reported pain outcomes.
Kariery, organizacja, współpraca.
Authors: Wierzchosławski Rafał 
Published: September 2024

Książka Daryla E. Chubina, Science, Organizations and Careers: Essential Tensions stanowi dobre uzupełnienie dyskusji o współpracy naukowej. Autor podejmuje refleksję nad własną karierą naukową, a później polityczną w adninistracji waszyngtońskiej (Beltway) oraz w organizacjach pozarządowych zajmujących się nauką. Jako świadek historii zwraca uwagę na przemiany, jakim podlegał namysł nad nauką zarówno w obrębie nauk społecznych i w świadomości decydentów określających jej finansowanie na poziomie federalnym, jak i w zmieniających się priorytetach organizacji pozarządowych wspierających studentów i młodych badaczy. Poszczególne rozdziały poświęcone są różnym aspektom karier naukowych, np. uwarunkowaniom funkcjonalnym w strukturach instytucjonalnych, kolejnym etapom kariery, współpracy zespołowej (w rozmaitych formalnych inter-, trans- i multidyscyplinarności), inkluzywności instytucjonalnej.
Rozważania autobiograficzne nie tylko pozwolą polskiemu czytelnikowi zapoznać się z przemianami w obszarze nauki, technologii, badań i rozwoju w kontekście amerykańskim (w centrum światowym), lecz także skłonią go do namysłu nad analogicznymi przemianami, jakie zachodzą w krajach europejskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem polskiej (pół)peryferyjności.
Successful bevacizumab therapy in a 25-year-old patient with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Dambrova Gita , Kravale Zaiga , Žentiņa Dace , Krūmiņa Andra 
Published: September 2024

Background: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a chronic condition caused primarily by human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6 and 11, leading to recurrent growths in the respiratory tract. These types of papilloma can cause significant morbidity due to airway obstruction, often requiring frequent surgical interventions. Traditional treatments, including surgical removal and adjunctive therapies like antivirals and immune modulators, often fail to prevent recurrence, impacting the patient’s quality of life. Case description: This report presents a 25-year-old female with a long-standing history of RRP, diagnosed at age 2. Despite numerous interventions, including CO2 laser ablations, interferon therapy, HPV vaccination, and a laryngotomy with tracheal reconstruction, the patient continued to experience severe airway obstruction requiring frequent surgeries. In 2023, intravenous therapy with bevacizumab, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor was introduced, leading to a significant reduction in the frequency of surgical interventions from 8 to 4 per year. This reduction improved the patient’s respiratory function and quality of life, highlighting bevacizumab’s therapeutic potential. Conclusion: The case underscores the debilitating nature of RRP and the challenges of its management. Bevacizumab, by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has shown promise in reducing papilloma growth and the need for frequent surgeries. This case supports the inclusion of bevacizumab as an adjunctive therapy in RRP treatment, warranting further research to confirm its long-term efficacy and safety.
Data Analysis and Traction Performance Evaluation of an Electric All-Wheel Drive Tractor During Agricultural Operation
Authors: Baek Seung-Yun , Jeon Hyeon-Ho , Kim Wan-Soo , Kim Yeon-Soo , Park Cheol-Gyu , Kim Yong-Joo 
Published: September 2024

HighlightsThe study evaluated the feasibility of using a new type of platform, the electric AWD tractor, for agricultural operations.The data for key components of the electric AWD tractor during plowing were analyzed.The traction performance of the electric AWD tractor was evaluated via tractive efficiency and dynamic ratio.The electric AWD tractor was expected to replace conventional tractors in terms of traction performance.Abstract. Owing to the increasing need for research on electric all-wheel drive (AWD) systems, an investigation on the AWD systems applicable to tractors was conducted in this study. The experimental platform consisted of an electric power transmission system including four sets of electric motors, helical and planetary reducers, wheels, and an electrical system including chargers, batteries (LiFePO4), converters, and inverters. The drive control system of the electric AWD tractor was divided into the AWD and the motor controller. The data measurement system consisted of analog (current and traction force) and digital (battery voltage, current, motor rotational speed, state of charge (SOC) level, and travel speed) components that communicate using a controller area network (CAN) bus. Data measured during plowing were used to calculate motor power, motor torque, traction power, and driving power to analyze the power consumption of an electric AWD tractor. The traction performance of the electric AWD tractor was evaluated using tractive efficiency, calculated values (traction power and driving power), and dynamic ratio. The maximum and minimum average voltage of the electric AWD tractor during plowing were 72.2 and 64.7 V, respectively, and the average value was measured as 68.2 V. The average value of the maximum current applied to the inverter was 362.4 A, and the mean value was measured as 187.5 A. The average value of the maximum rotational speed of the four motors was 2111.5 rpm, while the mean rotational speed during the operation was 1131.9 rpm. The average value of motor torque was 79.4 Nm. The decrease rate of battery SOC level per minute was calculated as an average of 1.4%/min. The maximum values of the traction and driving power during plowing were 42.0 and 73.7 kW. The maximum tractive efficiency (TE) was 0.77, with an average TE of 0.47. The maximum dynamic ratio (DR) was 0.28, with an average DR of 0.18. The TE of a conventional tractor was found to be a maximum of 0.61, with averages of 0.41, respectively. The average TE of the electric AWD tractor was approximately 14% higher than that of the conventional tractor. Data analysis indicates that the electric AWD tractor performing speed control is vulnerable to slip, and further research is necessary to improve AWD system performance through speed and slip control. Keywords: Data analysis, Data measurement system, Electric AWD tractor, Plowing, Traction performance.
Three-dimensional modeling of near-field beam profiles from grating couplers using a deep neural network
Authors: Lim Yu Dian , Tan Chuan Seng 
Published: September 2024

Integrated silicon photonics (SiPh) gratings have been widely studied for the optical addressing of trapped ions. As the form factor of ion traps reduces, the ion-trapping height decreases and may unavoidably fall into the reactive near-field region of SiPh gratings. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) modeling technique is developed as a rapid alternative to generate reactive near-field beam profiles of light coupled from SiPh gratings, as compared to the conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The training of the optimized DNN model took 14 minutes, and the generation of beam profiles from the trained model took a few seconds. The time required for model training and beam profile generation is significantly faster than FDTD simulation, which may take up to 2 hours. The generated beam achieved accuracy values of up to 75%. Despite the relatively longer model training duration, it is possible to reuse the trained DNN model to generate beam profiles from gratings with several design variations. In short, this work demonstrates an alternative DNN-assisted technique to rapidly generate beam profiles in the reactive near-field region.
Acquired syphilis in older people in Brazil from 2010–2020
Authors: da Cunha Josiane Araújo , Marques dos Santos Marquiony , Costa de Lima Kenio 
Published: September 2024

Background
The infection caused by Treponema pallidum remains a severe public health problem, with a high prevalence in individuals over 60 years. However, research into infections such as syphilis continues to be neglected in geriatrics. This study aims to evaluate data on the detection rate of syphilis in Brazil, in individuals between 60 and 120 years, by characterizing the epidemiological profile and respective factors associated with it, in addition to performing a temporal trend analysis, from 2010 to 2020.

Methodology
Ecological, time-series study, which started with the collection of notifications from the database of the Information System on Compulsory Notification of Diseases. The epidemiological profile was characterized based on sociodemographic variables. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program, version 19.0, was used for incidence and prevalence analysis. The 2010 census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and projections for older people were considered. In the trend analysis, the Joinpoint regression model was used.

Main findings
There was an upward variation in the detection of syphilis in older people from 2010 to 2018, with a peak in 2018. In 2019, there was a slight reduction in the notification of cases, which was accentuated in 2020. The prevalence of the infection was equivalent to 12.84 cases for each 100,000 Brazilians, with a mean age of 68.04 years (±7.15) for those between 60 and 120 years, being higher in white and black males. The highest proportion of older people with syphilis occurred in the South and Southeast regions. However, the trend analysis showed a significant and homogeneous increase in all regions of Brazil, for both sexes and all age groups.

Conclusions
There is a tendency for an increase in cases of syphilis in older people, which reinforces the need to plan health actions to combat the disease in this population.
A machine-learning based model for automated recommendation of individualized treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Verboven Lennert , Callens Steven , Black John , Maartens Gary , Dooley Kelly E. , Potgieter Samantha , Cartuyvels Ruben ,   SMARTT team, Laukens Kris , Warren Robin M. , Van Rie Annelies 
Published: September 2024

Background
Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis remains a global health problem with almost half a million new cases annually. In high-income countries patients empirically start a standardized treatment regimen, followed by an individualized regimen guided by drug susceptibility test (DST) results. In most settings, DST information is not available or is limited to isoniazid and fluoroquinolones. Whole genome sequencing could more accurately guide individualized treatment as the full drug resistance profile is obtained with a single test. Whole genome sequencing has not reached its full potential for patient care, in part due to the complexity of translating a resistance profile into the most effective individualized regimen.

Methods
We developed a treatment recommender clinical decision support system (CDSS) and an accompanying web application for user-friendly recommendation of the optimal individualized treatment regimen to a clinician.

Results
Following expert stakeholder meetings and literature review, nine drug features and 14 treatment regimen features were identified and quantified. Using machine learning, a model was developed to predict the optimal treatment regimen based on a training set of 3895 treatment regimen-expert feedback pairs. The acceptability of the treatment recommender CDSS was assessed as part of a clinical trial and in a routine care setting. Within the clinical trial setting, all patients received the CDSS recommended treatment. In 8 of 20 cases, the initial recommendation was recomputed because of stock out, clinical contra-indication or toxicity. In routine care setting, physicians rejected the treatment recommendation in 7 out of 15 cases because it deviated from the national TB treatment guidelines. A survey indicated that the treatment recommender CDSS is easy to use and useful in clinical practice but requires digital infrastructure support and training.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that global implementation of the novel treatment recommender CDSS holds the potential to improve treatment outcomes of patients with RR-TB, especially those with ‘difficult-to-treat’ forms of RR-TB.
Primary series COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among health care workers in the country of Georgia, March–December 2021
Authors: Katz Mark A. , Rojas Castro Madelyn Yiseth , Chakhunashvili Giorgi , Chitadze Nazibrola , Ward Caleb L. , McKnight C. Jason , Lucaccioni Héloïse , Finci Iris , Zardiashvili Tamila , Pebody Richard , Kissling Esther , Sanodze Lia 
Published: September 2024

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have suffered considerable morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) are available from middle-income countries in the WHO European Region. We evaluated primary series COVID-19 VE against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among HCWs in Georgia.

Methods
HCWs in six hospitals in Georgia were invited to enroll in a prospective cohort study conducted during March 19–December 5, 2021. Participants completed weekly symptom questionnaires. Symptomatic HCWs were tested by RT-PCR and/or rapid antigen test (RAT), and participants were routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or RAT, regardless of symptoms. Serology was collected at enrolment, and quarterly thereafter, and tested by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We defined primary series vaccination as two doses of COVID-19 vaccine received ≥14 days before symptom onset. We estimated VE as (1-hazard ratio)*100 using a Cox proportional hazards model with vaccination status as a time-varying covariate. Estimates were adjusted by potential confounders that changed the VE estimate by more than 5%, according to the change-in-estimate approach.

Results
Overall, 1561/3849 (41%) eligible HCWs enrolled and were included in the analysis. The median age was 40 (IQR: 30–53), 1318 (84%) were female, and 1003 (64%) had laboratory evidence of prior SARS-Cov-2 infection. At enrolment, 1300 (83%) were unvaccinated; By study end, 1082 (62%) had completed a primary vaccine series (69% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech); 22% BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm); 9% other). During the study period, 191(12%) participants had a new PCR- or RAT-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. VE against PCR- or RAT- confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 58% (95%CI: 41; 70) for all primary series vaccinations, 68% (95%CI: 51; 79) for BNT162b2, and 40% (95%CI: 1; 64) for BBIBP-CorV vaccines. Among previously infected HCWs, VE was 58% (95%CI: 11; 80). VE against medically attended COVID-19 was 52% (95%CI: 28; 68), and VE against hospitalization was 69% (95% CI: 36; 85). During the period of predominant Delta variant circulation (July-December 2021), VE against symptomatic COVID-19 was 52% (95%CI: 30; 66).

Conclusions
Primary series vaccination with BNT162b2 and BBIBP-CorV was effective at preventing COVID-19 among HCWs, most of whom had previous infection, during a period of mainly Delta circulation. Our results support the utility of COVID-19 primary vaccine series, and the importance of increasing coverage, even among previously infected individuals.
Relationships between sensory processing patterns and metabolic risk factors among community dwelling people with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional and correlational research design
Authors: Pomngen Ilada , Sirisatayawong Pornpen , Kumsaiyai Warunee , Kaunnil Anuchart , Srikhamjak Tiam 
Published: September 2024

Background
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of other serious health problems, particularly cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Sensory processing patterns (SPPs) are internal factors shaping behaviors and emotions, both healthy and unhealthy. There is a lack of studies directly examining the relationship between the SPPs and metabolic risk factors.

Method
This study aimed to investigate SPPs and their association with metabolic risk factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). One hundred and seventeen individuals with MetS completed questionnaires on demographic characteristics and the Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment-adult version. Data on metabolic risk factors, including fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and waist circumference, were collected.

Results
The findings revealed high arousal levels in proprioceptive and auditory senses among the participants. The fasting blood glucose was significantly correlated with a preference in the tactile sense (r = -0.150, P<0.05), while waist circumference was associated with arousal level in the auditory and smell-taste senses (r = 0.140, -0.160, P<0.05). Moreover, the GLMM revealed that fasting blood glucose was associated with preferences in tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive senses (r = -0.481, 0.726, -0.386, P<0.05). Furthermore, diastolic blood pressure was associated with preferences in vestibular sense (r = 0.099; P<0.05).

Conclusion
The SPPs might be related to metabolic risk factors, so it is important to recognize how individual SPPs relate to metabolic risk factors. However, further studies using a larger sample may be needed to deeply explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.