bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are neurocognition and facial emotion recognition related in schizophrenia?
Authors: Arous A. , Mrizak J. , Trabelsi R. , Aissa A. , Ben Ammar H. , El Hechmi Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) show impairments in many social cognition domains including facial emotion recognition (FER). The existence of a relationship association between FER and neurcognitive functioning (NF) remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between ToM functioning and neurocognitive functioning in SCZ.MethodsFER was evaluated in 58 patients with stable schizophrenia with a newly validated FER task constructed from photographs of the face of a famous Tunisian actress representing the Ekman's six basic emotions. They also completed a neurocognitive battery comprising the following tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Stroop Test (ST), the “Double Barrage” of Zazzo (DBZ), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Verbal Fluency (VF), the Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A) and the Digit Span (DS).ResultsPatients who performed better in the FER task had better performance in the VF task (P = 0.001) and in the immediate recall of the HVLT-R (P = 0.021). No correlations were found with the other neurocognitive tests.ConclusionsOur results suggest that FER represents an autonomous cognitive function which does not necessarily require good NF.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Research assessments more important than duration of treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the duration of psychosocial treatments for alcohol use disorders
Authors: Schmidt L. , Nielsen A.S. , Bojesen A.B. , Andersen K. 
Published: May 2016

Background and aimsThe recommendations of duration of treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD) in clinical guidelines are based on consensus decisions. There is a risk that patients will receive too little or too much therapy. We hypothesize that there is an association between duration and effect up until a point where the effects of treatment diminish.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions in the alcohol outpatient treatment centers. Population: adults (> 17 years) suffering from AUD treated with at least two sessions of therapy.StatisticsMultiple linear regression analysis with outcome measured in percentage of days abstinent (PDA), percentage of heavy days drinking (PHD), drinks per drinking day (DDD) and/or proportion of participants abstinent (ABS) as a function of duration of treatment.ResultsForty-four studies with 8485 participants were included. Mean duration: 18 (8–82) weeks and 15 (2–36) sessions. Mean follow-up time: 43 (8–104) weeks with a mean of 5 (2–18) research assessments. Only ABS was significantly associated with duration of treatment; ABS increased with 1.6%-point (P < 0.01) with each additional week in treatment. Surprisingly the analysis showed that each research assessment increased PDA with 11%-point (P < 0.001), decreased PHD with 4%-point (P < 0.05) and decreased DDD with 8%-point (P < 0.001).ConclusionDuration of treatment was associated positively with proportion of participants abstinent but not percentage of days abstinent drinks per drinking day or percentage of heavy drinking days. The three latter outcomes were affected positively by number of research assessments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Alterations in retinal processing in regular cannabis users
Authors: Schwan R. , Schwitzer T. , Giersch A. , Laprevote V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCannabis is one of the most prevalent drugs used worldwide. However, the neural consequences of cannabis remain poorly understood. There is a need for a rapid improvement of the scientific knowledge on the cerebral impact of cannabis use. Since the retina is an easy-to-access part of the central nervous system, it can reflect the neurochemistry of the brain.ObjectivesConsidering the anatomical and functional distribution of the cannabinoid system in the retinal ganglion cells, the objective of this study was to assess whether the regular use of cannabis could affect the ganglion cells functioning.AimsAssessment of the ganglion cells function in regular cannabis users compared to healthy controls.MethodsRecordings of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) were performed in regular cannabis users and healthy controls using standard of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). The amplitude and implicit time of the PERG N95 were assessed.ResultsThe N95 implicit time of PERG was significantly decreased in regular cannabis users compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsWe found alterations in the ganglion cells function in regular cannabis users, as showed by the increase in N95 implicit time. The ganglion cells represent the ultimate retinal relay before the visual information is relayed to the brain and, according to these results, we suppose that the signal elicited by these cells and transferred through the visual pathways is altered in cannabis users. A direct action of exogenous cannabinoids in the retinal glutamatergic transmission is discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence of alcohol consumption in psychiatric consultations and drug addiction consultations by application the cage questionnaire camouflaged
Authors: Zamora Rodríguez F.J. , González Martínez I. , Tolosa Gutiérrez L. , Zoido Ramos J.M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAlcohol consumption associated with other psychiatric disorders in outpatient psychiatric comorbidity is a common, yet often underdiagnosed and undertreated, resulting in a worse prognosis of both diseases.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of alcohol consumption in psychiatric outpatient consultations and compared to drug addiction consultations.MethodsA total of 25 outpatient psychiatrists of Extremadura and 10 doctors of substance abuse centers of Extremadura (CEDEX) participated in the study. They were included in the study a total of 373 patients, 244 who were in treatment at mental health center and 129 as a center of drugs.ResultsThe mean age of patients in psychiatric consultations was 50.05 years and 42.60 years of CEDEX. The percentage of women was 54% of cases in psychiatric consultations and 18.6% in the CEDEX. Diagnoses included in psychiatric consultations were: anxiety disorders (17.2%), depressive disorders (46.3%); personality disorders (7.8%); mild mental retardation (2.5%); psychotic disorders (12.3%); dementia (2.5%); bipolar disorder (6.1%); and ADHD (1.2%). In the consultations of drugs they were: 45.4% alcohol dependent; 15.7% to cannabis; 13.3% cocaine; 10.9% heroin; 8.1% more heroin to cocaine; and 6.6% to other addictions. A total of 18.9% of patients in psychiatric consultations had a score of 2 or more in the CAGE and 62.8% of the CEDEX.ConclusionsWe found nearly a fifth of the patients attending psychiatric outpatient clinics which have a hazardous drinking, harmful or alcohol dependence, for almost two thirds of drug queries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cannabis psychosis, gender matters
Authors: Hamilton I. , Galdas P. , Essex H. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDespite recent findings pointing toward cannabis psychosis as one area where gender differences may exist, there has been a widespread lack of attention paid to gender as a determinant of health in both psychiatric services and within the field of addiction.ObjectivesTo explore gender differences in treatment presentations for people with cannabis psychosis.AimsTo use national data sets to investigate gender differences.MethodsAnalysis of British Crime Survey data and a Hospital Episode Statistics data set were used in combination with data from previously published epidemiological studies to compare gender differences.ResultsMale cannabis users outnumber female users by 2:1, a similar gender ratio is found for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis. However this ratio increases significantly for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of cannabis psychosis, with males outnumbering females by 4:1.ConclusionsThis research brings into focus the marked gender differences in cannabis psychosis. Attending to gender is important for research and treatment with the aim of improving understanding and providing gender sensitive services.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Temporal epilepsy and psychosis - Comorbidities
Authors: Klaric V. , Klaric D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe simultaneous presence of temporal epilepsy and psychosis includes a careful approach to diagnosis and titration of medication.AimTo achieve remission of comorbid diseases resistant to therapy.MethodsPsychotherapy interview and support, laboratory measurements, EEG, cerebral CT and MRI scan, psychological testing.ResultsThe patient was a girl 16 years of age. In 2011, she started experiencing auditory hallucinations of disturbing content, ideas of persecution, and she feared that people were going to kill her, all of which were bothering her deeply. In the family anamnesis, her grandmother and aunt both suffer from schizophrenia. In the first neurological assessment, there were no abberations. The patient was treated with high doses of various antipsychotics, but the hallucinations became unbearable to the extent that she was about to commit suicide. Anticonvulsive therapy was planned, and in the meantime, a second neurological assessment was performed, which confirmed the coexistence of temporal epilepsy. Combined therapy consisting of anticonvulsive and antipsychotic medication markedly abated the hallucinations. However, the patient began to feel cramping of the right arm, as well as experiencing the negative symptoms of psychosis. She wasn’t functioning normally anymore, she was distinctly adynamic, depressive, with a lack of initiative, and poor memory and concentration. Psychological testing confirmed significant cognitive, emotional and personality disorders (of organic source).ConclusionTreatment of the overlapping symptoms of temporal epilepsy and psychosis is complex, along with the presence of intellectual deterioration.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical aspects of depression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Leite F. , Salgado H. , Campos O. , Carvalho P. , Pinto da Costa M. , Queirós P. , Cochat C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionParkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in the elderly population. The disease is clinically characterized by major motor symptoms that include bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability. In addition to the motor symptoms, Parkinson‘s disease is characterized by emotional and cognitive deficits, which reduce quality of life independently from motor manifestations.Objectives/AimsTo discuss the clinical manifestations of depression in Parkinson's disease according to the most recent scientific literature.MethodsOnline search/review of the literature has been carried out, using Medline/Pubmed, concerning, “Parkinson's disease” and “depression”.ResultsDepression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder in Parkinson's disease. In up to 30% of the cases, the depressive symptoms precede the development of motor symptoms. Independently of the age of appearance, duration and severity of the motor symptoms, depression is generally an integral part of the disease. Depression in Parkinson's disease is generally mild or moderate, with premature loss of self-esteem and volition. Although the high rates of suicidal ideation, suicide is rare. There is also a high prevalence of panic attacks and anxiety.ConclusionsIt is difficult to correctly identify depression in Parkinson's disease as some symptoms assigned to Parkinson's disease itself can in fact be the clinical manifestation of a depressive disorder. On the other hand, depressive symptoms may not be recognized as such, but considered manifestations of Parkinson's disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
ADHD “Symptomatic contamination” in dual pathology (I): general analysis of the “Sym_Con” sample
Authors: Zoido Ramos J.M. , Pino Calderon F.J. , Gutierrez Casares J.R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe links between ADHD and SUD are demonstrated in the scientific literature. The existence of dual diagnosis affects both prognosis and clinical-therapeutic assessment.Objective and aimsDescribe the general characteristics of a sample of patients with SUD (n = 162) who seek treatment for their addiction, based on the presence of symptomatic contamination by ADHD, compared to a sample of adults (n = 246) without addictive pathology (parents of children with different risk for ADHD).MethodsWe assessed using different scales the properties of the sample (visual analogical [general state of health, sadness, anxiety, irritability, suspiciousness], WURS, BDI and Exploratory List of ADHD symptoms).ResultsThe average age in the group of parents was 40.59 versus 35.88 on the SUD group, with 42% and 87% males respectively. SUD group presented worse general state, with higher average of sadness, anxiety, irritability and suspicioness, as well as WURS and exploratory symptoms of ADHD, as shown in Fig. 1 and 2.ConclusionsThe SUD group had higher ADHD symptomatic contamination respect to Parents group. These results are preliminary and are pending more thorough analysis as part of a more extensive and complex study, requiring further confirmation in future studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dual diagnosis (Depression and addictions): Special considerations
Authors: Prieto Sánchez I. , Ramírez Domínguez M.D.L.C. , Rodríguez Martínez A. , Garrido Torres N. , Reina Domínguez M. , Biedma Martín A.S. , González Macías C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDual diagnosis is a growing problem in Western society, despite which there are no large studies examining this issue, nor specific protocols to address them.ObjectivesTo raise awareness of the importance of dual diagnosis both its prevalence and special features that presents need a different performance plan from them separately.MethodsComprehensive literature review of all published in the last 2 years, as well as the specific features.ConclusionDual diagnosis has very specific characteristics that we must know in order to develop therapeutic strategies adapted to the present conditions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Casting wider diagnostic nets for anxiety and depression: Disability-driven cross-diagnostic subtypes in a large population study
Authors: Wanders R. , van Loo H.M. , Wardenaar K.J. , Vermunt J.K. , Meijer R.R. , De Jonge P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionData-driven techniques are frequently applied to identify subtypes of depression and anxiety. Although they are highly comorbid and often grouped under a single internalizing banner, most subtyping studies have focused on either depression or anxiety. Furthermore, most previous subtyping studies have not taken into account experienced disability.ObjectivesTo incorporate disability into a data-driven cross-diagnostic subtyping model.AimsTo capture heterogeneity of depression and anxiety symptomatology and investigate the importance of domain-specific disability-levels to distinguish between homogeneous subtypes.MethodsSixteen symptoms were assessed without skips using the MINI-interview in a population sample (LifeLines; n = 73403). Disability was measured with the RAND-36. To identify the best-fitting subtyping model, different nested latent variable models (latent class analysis, factor analysis and mixed-measurement item response theory [MM-IRT]) with and without disability covariates were compared. External variables were compared between the best model's classes.ResultsA five-class MM-IRT model incorporating disability showed the best fit (Fig. 1). Accounting for disability improved the differentiation between classes reporting isolated non-specific symptoms (“Somatic” [13.0%], and “Worried” [14.0%]) and those reporting more psychopathological symptoms (“Subclinical” [8.8%], and “Clinical” [3.3%]). A “Subclinical” class reported symptomatology at subthreshold levels. No pure depression or anxiety, but only mixed classes were observed.ConclusionsAn overarching subtyping model incorporating both symptoms and disability identified distinct cross-diagnostic subtypes. Diagnostic nets should be cast wider than current phenomenology-based categorical systems.Figure not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Paliperidone palmitate could reduce the consumption of drugs of abuse in psychotic patients?
Authors: Zangrando A. , Babici F. , Pascolo-Fabrici E. , Riolo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt's not easy to choose between different antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia that use drugs of abuse both legal (alcohol, benzodiazepine, anticholinergics) and illicit (heroin, cannabis, cocaine). The use of substances is a powerful risk factor for poor outcome. From CATIE study, we know that the discontinuity is lower with Olanzapine but psychotic patients continue to take drugs of abuse despite medication. Probably, an important aspect is the anhedonia secondarily produced by neuroleptics.ObjectiveWe want to evaluate if Paliperidone Palmitate reduces addictive behaviors in a small group of psychotic patient who have agreed to recived injection after the switch from other antipsychotics.MethodWe have identified four individual with chronic use of drugs of abuse in a Mental Health Center. These subjects were abusing alcohol, cannabis, spice and benzodiazepine. We administered before new treatment and after 2 months the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale of Snaith et al. (1995) and the Leeds Dependence Questionaire of Raistrick et al. (1994).ResultsThe hedonic tone tends to improve and the addictive behavior decreased.ConclusionThe therapy with Paliperidone Palmitato is associated with a reduction of the addictive behaviors but we need studies with a larger number of patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression and quality of life in hospitalised patients with congestive heart failure (CHF): A cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Husain M. , Tayyeba K. , Husain M. , Fatima B. , Ansari S.U.H. , Rahman R. , Chaudhry I.B. , Husain N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere is strong association between depression and mortality rates among patients with CHF. Despite the massive burden of cardiac disease as well as that of depression in Pakistan, there is limited data regarding the prevalence of depression in patients suffering from CHF. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of depression in patients with CHF and to compare the health related quality of life of depressed and non-depressed patients with CHF.MethodsA total of 1009 patients diagnosed with CHF were recruited from different public hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Depression was assessed at baseline using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and health related quality of life was assessed using Euro Qol (EQ-5D).ResultsOf the 1009 participants recruited to the study, 66.4% (n = 670) met the threshold for depression using the BDI measure. Of the depressed patients, 66.7% (n = 447) were male. Preliminary results indicate that participants who were depressed at baseline had poorer health related quality of life on EQ-5D measures as compared to those who were non-depressed (mean EQ-5D descriptive score 10.45 in depressed patients vs 7.37 in non-depressed patients and mean EQ-5D visual scale score 35.09 in depressed patients vs 52.19 in non-depressed patients).ConclusionConsidering the high prevalence of depression and its serious negative impact on quality of life of patients suffering from chronic physical illness, it is important to design and test culturally adapted psychosocial interventions to reduce depression and improve quality of life for these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevention, early detection and effective treatment of the psychological disorders in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Zawada K. , Koźmin-Burzyńska A. , Krzysztof K. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundChronic respiratory diseases which embrace asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common conditions in the population. In a large number of cases, they are diagnosed very late. Statistics of deaths, especially in the case of COPD, are underestimated because morbidity and mortality can be affected by other comorbid conditions, for example cardiovascular disease.ObjectiveThe objective of this analysis was to find out the corelation between the psychological distress and social factors in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.MethodsA literature analysis on this topic was performed. Asthma and COPD impair not only physical functioning of patients but also affect their psychological state. Mood disorders and cognitive function impairment are more often observed in this group than in the general population. It has been proven that the coexistence of psychological dysfunction significantly worsens the functioning of patients (affects, among others, their work, family and social lives) and has an impact on the course of the treatment of the somatic illness. First of all, patients with cognitive deficits have greater problems in applying treatment recommendations. Accordingly, it seems to be important to pay more attention to the problem of mental disorders in patients with obstructive lung diseases.ConclusionsThere is a clear need for a multidisciplinary approach that will enable prevention, early detection and effective treatment of the psychological disorders in that group of patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.