bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assisting seed dispersers to restore oldfields: An individual‐based model of the interactions among badgers, foxes and Iberian pear trees
Authors: Fedriani Jose M. , Wiegand Thorsten , Ayllón Daniel , Palomares Francisco , Suárez‐Esteban Alberto , Grimm Volker 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Increasing land abandonment in many areas of the world presents an opportunity for ecosystem recovery, which is often driven by seed dispersal by vertebrate frugivores. However, we are far from understanding the most effective way of using common management actions (i.e. planting fruiting trees) to stimulate animal seed dispersal and thus the restoration of human‐altered abandoned habitats.

To investigate how to stimulate animal seed dispersal, we combined long‐term field data with individual‐based, spatially explicit simulation models. We used our approach to assess the effectiveness of contrasting Iberian pear Pyrus bourgaeana planting strategies in enhancing restoration of abandoned lands through seed dispersal by red foxes Vulpes vulpes and Eurasian badgers Meles meles in the Doñana World Biosphere Reserve (South West Spain).

Our simulation results indicate that planting trees in an aggregated fashion is less efficient in terms of seed arrival than planting them regularly or randomly. For aggregated planted trees, the increase in the area of the oldfield that received seeds was only 7%–9% compared to the baseline scenario of no intervention, whereas for regularly distributed planted trees the increment was up to 40%.

Doubling the number of planted P. bourgaeana trees appeared cost‐effective for regular and random tree distributions, but not for the aggregated one. For example, while doubling the number of trees planted regularly leads up to 12% increase in the number of seeds arriving into the oldfield, no increment on the number of arrived seeds was detected when trees were planted aggregately.

Synthesis and applications. Choosing the spatial distribution and density of planted trees in abandoned lands depends on a number of ecological and socio‐economical factors. Given our results, the strong seed dispersal limitation of the target tree population and that our study site was fully protected for conservation, planting Pyrus bourgaeana trees regularly appeared to be the most efficient strategy to enhance seed arrival into the target oldfield. Combining long‐term field data with individual‐based, spatially explicit simulation models have the potential to guide local restoration efforts in diverse human‐altered habitats and thus bridge the existing gap between basic and applied research on animal seed dispersal.
Sorting nexin (MoVps17) is required for fungal development and plant infection by regulating endosome dynamics in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Zheng Huawei , Guo Zhongkun , Xi Yang , Yuan Mingyue , Lin Yahong , Wu Congxian , Abubakar Yakubu Saddeeq , Dou Xianying , Li Guangpu , Wang Zonghua , Zheng Wenhui , Zhou Jie 
Published: August 2017

SummaryVps17 is a sorting nexin (SNX) and a component of the retromer, a protein complex mediating retrograde vesicle transport between endosomes and the trans‐Golgi network. However, its role in the development and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi such as the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) remains unclear. We investigate the functional relationship between the SNX and the cargo‐selective complex (CSC) of the fungal retromer by genetic analysis, live cell imaging and immunological assay. Our data show that the MoVps17 null mutation causes defects in growth, development and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. MoVps17 is localized to endosomes depending on the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), a key enzyme for fungal development and infection. Both PX and BAR domains of MoVps17 are essential for its endosomal localization and function. Furthermore, our yeast two‐hybrid assays show that MoVps17 and MoVps5 can interact. Lastly, live cell imaging suggests that MoVps17 can regulate early endosome fusion and budding as well as endocytosis. Taken together, our results suggest that MoVps17 specifically functions as a retromer component with CSC and also plays a distinct role in the regulation of endosome dynamics during fungal development and plant infection.
Sleeper cells: the stringent response and persistence in the Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi enzootic cycle
Authors: Cabello Felipe C. , Godfrey Henry P. , Bugrysheva Julia V. , Newman Stuart A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryInfections with tick‐transmitted Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease, represent an increasingly large public health problem in North America and Europe. The ability of these spirochetes to maintain themselves for extended periods of time in their tick vectors and vertebrate reservoirs is crucial for continuance of the enzootic cycle as well as for the increasing exposure of humans to them. The stringent response mediated by the alarmone (p)ppGpp has been determined to be a master regulator in B. burgdorferi. It modulates the expression of identified and unidentified open reading frames needed to deal with and overcome the many nutritional stresses and other challenges faced by the spirochete in ticks and animal reservoirs. The metabolic and morphologic changes resulting from activation of the stringent response in B. burgdorferi may also be involved in the recently described non‐genetic phenotypic phenomenon of tolerance to otherwise lethal doses of antimicrobials and to other antimicrobial activities. It may thus constitute a linchpin in multiple aspects of infections with Lyme disease borrelia, providing a link between the micro‐ecological challenges of its enzootic life‐cycle and long‐term residence in the tissues of its animal reservoirs, with the evolutionary side effect of potential persistence in incidental human hosts.
Current Barriers to Large‐scale Interoperability of Traceability Technology in the Seafood Sector
Authors: Hardt Marah J. , Flett Keith , Howell Colleen J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInteroperability is a critical component of full‐chain digital traceability, but is almost nonexistent in the seafood industry. Using both quantitative and qualitative methodology, this study explores the barriers impeding progress toward large‐scale interoperability among digital traceability systems in the seafood sector from the perspectives of seafood companies, technology vendors, and supply chains as a whole. We highlight lessons from recent research and field work focused on implementing traceability across full supply chains and make some recommendations for next steps in terms of overcoming challenges and scaling current efforts.
Wide‐scale comparative analysis of longevity genes and interventions
Authors: Yanai Hagai , Budovsky Arie , Barzilay Thomer , Tacutu Robi , Fraifeld Vadim E. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryHundreds of genes, when manipulated, affect the lifespan of model organisms (yeast, worm, fruit fly, and mouse) and thus can be defined as longevity‐associated genes (LAGs). A major challenge is to determine whether these LAGs are model‐specific or may play a universal role as longevity regulators across diverse taxa. A wide‐scale comparative analysis of the 1805 known LAGs across 205 species revealed that (i) LAG orthologs are substantially overrepresented, from bacteria to mammals, compared to the entire genomes or interactomes, and this was especially noted for essential LAGs; (ii) the effects on lifespan, when manipulating orthologous LAGs in different model organisms, were mostly concordant, despite a high evolutionary distance between them; (iii) LAGs that have orthologs across a high number of phyla were enriched in translational processes, energy metabolism, and DNA repair genes; (iv) LAGs that have no orthologs out of the taxa in which they were discovered were enriched in autophagy (Ascomycota/Fungi), G proteins (Nematodes), and neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions (Chordata). The results also suggest that antagonistic pleiotropy might be a conserved principle of aging and highlight the importance of overexpression studies in the search for longevity regulators.
Delirium tremens and alcohol withdrawal nationally in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Moore David Thomas , Fuehrlein Brian Scott , Rosenheck Robert Alan 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesAlcohol withdrawal—especially delirium tremens (DT)—is a potentially life‐threatening condition. While short‐term treatment regimens and factors that predispose to more severe symptomatology have been extensively studied, little attention has been paid to the clinical epidemiology and long‐term care of the chronic medical, addictive, psychiatric, and psychosocial problems faced by these patients.MethodsNational Veterans Health Administration data from fiscal year 2012 were examined to identify veterans diagnosed with DT; with withdrawal but not DT (WNDT); and with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) but neither DT nor WNDT. They were compared on sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric and medical co‐morbidities, and health service and psychotropic medication use, first with bivariate analyses and then multiple logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 345,297 veterans diagnosed with AUD, 2,341 (0.7%) were diagnosed with DT and 6,738 (2.0%) with WNDT. Veterans diagnosed with either WNDT or DT were more likely to have been homeless, had more comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders, were more likely to be diagnosed with drug use disorders, utilized more health services, received more psychotropic medications, and were more likely to receive naltrexone. They were more likely to receive specialized legal, housing, vocational, and psychosocial rehabilitation services, as well as intensive case management.ConclusionsAdults with WNDT and DT suffer from multiple chronic conditions and long‐term service models are needed to coordinate the work of multiple specialists and to assure continuity of care.Scientific SignificanceThis national study identifies sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and service utilization patterns associated with WNDT and DT.(Am J Addict 2017;26:722–730)
Religious coping in patients with severe substance use disorders receiving acute inpatient detoxification
Authors: Medlock Morgan M. , Rosmarin David H. , Connery Hilary S. , Griffin Margaret L. , Weiss Roger D. , Karakula Sterling L. , McHugh R.Kathryn 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesReligious coping, one of the most widely studied components of spirituality among psychiatric populations, has rarely been addressed in patients with severe substance use disorders (SUD). The aim of our study was to elucidate whether religious coping is related to symptom expression and mutual‐help participation.MethodsSelf‐reported religious coping was assessed in individuals sequentially admitted to a private psychiatric hospital for inpatient detoxification. Target symptoms of SUD included severity of substance use prior to admission and craving during detoxification. Three hundred thirty‐one patients (68.6% male) participated in the survey; mean age was 38.0 years, and primary presenting diagnosis was most commonly alcohol use disorder (n = 202; 61%), followed by opioid use disorder (n = 119; 36%).ResultsPositive religious coping was associated with significantly greater mutual‐help participation, fewer days of drug use prior to admission, and was modestly, yet significantly associated with lower drug craving. Negative religious coping was associated with lower confidence in the ability to remain abstinent post‐discharge and higher drug craving.ConclusionsConsistent with hypotheses, greater positive religious coping was associated with greater mutual‐help participation, lower severity of pre‐admission drug use, and lower substance craving during detoxification. Use of positive religious coping may modify the course of SUD recovery by promoting engagement in mutual‐help activities.Scientific SignificanceThe findings of this study suggest that positive and negative religious coping are linked with several key SUD recovery variables. Further research to replicate this finding and to assess mechanisms within this potential association is warranted. (Am J Addict 2017;26:744–750)
The Perth Emergency Laparotomy Audit
Authors: Broughton Katherine J. , Aldridge Oscar , Pradhan Sharin , Aitken R. James 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundEmergency laparotomies (ELs) are associated with high mortality and substantial outcome variation. There is no prospective Australian data on ELs. The aim of this study was to audit outcome after ELs in Western Australia.MethodsA 12‐week prospective audit was completed in 10 hospitals. Data collected included patient demographics, the clinical pathway, preoperative risk assessment and outcomes including 30‐day mortality and length of stay.ResultsData were recorded for 198 (76.2%) of 260 patients. The 30‐day mortality was 6.5% (17/260) in participating hospitals, and 5.4% (19 of 354) across Western Australia. There was minimal variation between the three tertiary hospitals undertaking 220 of 354 (62.1%) ELs. The median and mean post‐operative lengths of stay, excluding patients who died, were 8 and 10 days, respectively. In the 48 patients with a prospectively documented risk of ≥10%, both a consultant surgeon and anaesthetist were present for 68.8%, 62.8% were admitted to critical care and 45.8% commenced surgery within 2 h. The mortality in those retrospectively (62; 31%) and prospectively risk‐assessed was 9.5% and 5.2%, respectively.ConclusionThis prospective EL audit demonstrated low 30‐day mortality with little inter‐hospital variation. Individual hospitals have scope to improve their standards of care. The importance of prospective risk assessment is clear.
Description of the immature stages of two Mononychus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) and a study of the host preferences of M. punctumalbum for Iris species in central Europe
Authors: Skuhrovec Jiří , Gültekin Levent , Śmigala Magdalena , Winiarczyk Krystyna , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Gosik Rafał 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLast larval instars and pupae of Mononychus punctumalbum (Herbst, 1784) and Mononychus schoenherri Kolenati, 1859 (Curculionidae, Ceutorhynchinae) are described in detail for the first time. No immatures of other species of this genus had previously been described. The immatures of Mononychus were compared with available data on immatures of all genera in the subfamily Ceutorhynchinae. Both the larvae and pupae of the two Mononychus species are very distinctive, having distinct characters from other genera in the subfamily Ceutorhynchinae. New bionomic data for M. punctumalbum concerning its host preferences for Iris species in central Europe can be used to verify literature data indicating the important role of the iris weevil in the dramatic decline in the plant's abundance in natural habitats as well as in gardens and other anthropogenic associations.
Immune status of patients with haemophilia A before exposure to factor VIII: first results from the HEMFIL study
Authors: Jardim Letícia L. , Chaves Daniel G. , Silveira‐Cassette Amanda C. O. , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina , Santana Marcio P. , Cerqueira Monica H. , Prezotti Alessandra , Lorenzato Claudia , Franco Vivian , van der Bom Johanna G. , Rezende Suely M. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPrevious cross‐sectional studies showed that some patients with haemophilia A (HA) without inhibitor presented a pro‐inflammatory profile during factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy. Furthermore, an anti‐inflammatory/regulatory state was described in HA patients after inhibitor development. However, no study investigated the levels of these biomarkers before exposure to exogenous FVIII. This study investigated the immunological profile of previously untreated patients (PUPs) with HA in comparison with non‐haemophiliac boys. A panel of chemokines and cytokines was evaluated in the plasma of 40 PUPs with HA and 47 healthy controls. The presence of microparticles was assessed in the plasma of 32 PUPs with HA and 47 healthy controls. PUPs with HA presented higher levels of CXCL8 (IL8), IL6, IL4, IL10, IL2, IL17A (IL17), and lower levels of CXCL10 (IP‐10) and CCL2 (MCP‐1) than the age‐matched healthy controls (P < 0·05). We also observed higher levels of microparticles derived from endothelium, erythrocytes, platelets, leucocytes, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes in patients in comparison with controls (P < 0·05). Compared with controls, PUPs with HA presented a distinct immunological profile, characterized by a prominent pro‐inflammatory status that appears to be regulated by IL4 and IL10.
Effect of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist during the LH surge in normal women and during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Authors: Christin‐Maitre S. , Olivennes F. , Dubourdieu S. , Chabbert‐Buffet N. , Charbonnel B. , Frydman R. , Bouchard P. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryOBJECTIVESeveral studies have suggested that GnRH is instrumental in triggering the LH surge. The present studies were performed to evaluate the effect of GnRH antagonist administration in women after the beginning of the LH surge.DESIGNIn study one, six normal cycling women were given a GnRH antagonist (20 mg Nal Glu s.c.) during an unstimulated cycle. Nal‐Glu was administered when the LH level was higher than 10 U/l and associated with an oestradiol (E2) level higher than 730 pmol/l. In study two, a GnRH antagonist (3 mg Cetrorelix®, ASTA‐Medica, Frankfurt, Germany) was administered on day 8 of an IVF‐ET cycle, in 157 women. Eighteen women among this cohort received the antagonist, when their LH level was higher than 10 U/l.RESULTSIn normal volunteers (study one), Nal‐Glu was administered on day 13.7 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) of the cycle when the LH level was 13.7 ± 3.5 U/l with an E2 plasma level reaching 980 ± 131 pmol/l. Twenty‐four hours after administration of the antagonist, the LH surge had been interrupted in all subjects; it was postponed in three of the women, and abolished in the remaining three. LH levels fell by 68.5%, E2 by 42% and FSH by 53.2%. In study two, LH plasma levels 24 h after the antagonist administration fell by 94%. No premature ovulation occurred in any of the patients treated. Administering the antagonist before (n = 139) or during the LH surge (n = 18) made no statistically significant difference to the results of the IVF‐ET attempt.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that GnRH is required throughout the gonadotrophin surge in women, not only for the initiation but also for the maintenance of the LH surge. In addition, in our study, the suppression of the rise in LH, when the antagonist was given during the surge, had no detrimental impact on IVF‐ET outcome. This suggests, if confirmed on a larger scale, that late follicular phase GnRH antagonist administration to prevent the LH surge in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is a safe and useful treatment.
The utility of serial echocardiograms for organ procurement in brain death
Authors: Lazzeri Chiara , Guetti Cristiana , Migliaccio Maria L. , Ciapetti Marco , Peris Adriano 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHeart transplantation rates are limited by a shortage of donor hearts, and left ventricular dysfunction is an important cause. We hypothesized that an early echocardiographic evaluation in severe brain injury (performed within 12 hours from ICU admission) could allow the detection of potentially reversible left ventricular (LV) abnormalities and thus the initiation of tailored treatment whose effects could be assessed at a second echocardiogram performed when brain death develops. We assessed this hypothesis in 49 patients with severe brain injury who were potential heart donors. A reduction in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (<55%) was present in five patients (10.2%): diffuse hypokinesia in three patients (6.1%), segmental wall motion abnormalities in two (4.1%). Two patients showed apical ballooning (normal LVEF). The three patients with diffuse hypokinesia showed, at the echocardiogram performed 12 hours later, a complete recovery of wall motion and LVEF. Among patients with apical ballooning, a complete resolution was observed in both patients. Two patients were considered potentially eligible for heart donation, resulting in 20% increase in donor retrieval rate. In serious encephalic lesions, potentially evolving toward brain death, echocardiography performed after ICU admission allowed the identification of LV abnormalities, which could be specifically treated with complete resolution.
Results of a 36‐year surveillance program for ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasia in the Japanese population
Authors: Kishikawa Junko , Hata Keisuke , Kazama Shinsuke , Anzai Hiroyuki , Shinagawa Takahide , Murono Koji , Kaneko Manabu , Sasaki Kazuhito , Yasuda Koji , Otani Kensuke , Nishikawa Takeshi , Tanaka Toshiaki , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Kawai Kazushige , Nozawa Hiroaki , Ishihara Soichiro , Morikawa Teppei , Fukayama Masashi , Watanabe Toshiaki 
Published: August 2017

Background and AimSurveillance colonoscopy has been carried out for patients with long‐standing ulcerative colitis who have an increased risk for colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of and the risk factors for neoplasia.MethodsWe evaluated 289 ulcerative colitis patients who underwent surveillance colonoscopy between January1979 and December 2014. Cumulative incidence of neoplasia and its risk factors were investigated. Clinical stage and overall survival were compared between the surveillance and non‐surveillance groups.ResultsCumulative risk of dysplasia was 3.3%, 12.1%, 21.8%, and 29.1% at 10, 20, 30 and 40 years after the onset of ulcerative colitis, respectively. Cumulative risk of colorectal cancer was 0.7%, 3.2%, 5.2%, and 5.2% at 10, 20, 30 and 40 years from the onset of ulcerative colitis, respectively. Total colitis was a risk factor for neoplasia (P = 0.015; hazard ratio, 2.96).ConclusionsOur surveillance colonoscopy program revealed the incidence and risk factors of ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasias in the Japanese population. Total colitis is a risk factor for neoplasia.