bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Sex Ratio of Offspring Born to Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Arkema Elizabeth V. , Askling Johan , Salmon Jane E. , Simard Julia F. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether the sex ratio among offspring born to women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is different from that in the general population.MethodsWomen with a singleton delivery were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Register (1973–2012) and linked to the National Patient Register (1964–2012) to identify those with prevalent SLE or RA. A sample of general population comparators was identified from the Swedish Total Population Register. We calculated the percentages of males born to women with SLE, women with RA, and women in the general population, as well as the risk ratio (RR) for having a male child among first births and all births. We also examined a history of antiphospholipid syndrome in the SLE population, using International Classification of Disease codes before or at delivery.ResultsWe identified 661 women with SLE and 1,136 women with RA before their first delivery. There were a total of 1,401 deliveries to women with SLE and a total of 2,674 deliveries to women with RA. Compared with women in the general population, women with SLE and those with RA had a lower risk of having a first‐born male (RR 0.92 [95% confidence interval 0.85–1.00] and RR 0.93 [95% confidence interval 0.87–0.99], respectively). Among all births, the percentage of male offspring remained lower than that in the general population, but the difference was not statistically significant for RA.ConclusionThe proportion of male offspring born to women with prevalent SLE or RA at delivery was lower than that in the general population, although the difference was small. Chronic inflammation may affect the sex ratio through fetal loss in early gestation.
Regioselective Functionalization of 3‐Hydroxy‐pyridine Carboxylates by Neighboring Group Assistance
Authors: Wojtas K. Philip , Lu Jin‐Yong , Krahn Daniel , Arndt Hans‐Dieter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRegioselective hydrolysis, transesterification, and aminolysis of unactivated, highly substituted pyridine esters were realized under mild conditions by employing neighboring group assisted catalysis. Excellent yields were achieved without active removal of the alcohol byproduct. Regioselective aminolysis had a considerable substrate scope ([hetero]aryl, alkyl and amino acid). A mechanism involving assistance by the deprotonated phenolic OH‐group is suggested for hydrolysis and transesterification.
Embracing Chance Tactically: A Different Perspective on Risk Taking
Authors: Tykocinski Orit E. , Amir Inbal , Ayal Shahar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough they value certainty, people are willing to take risks to avoid losses. Consequently, they are risk‐seeking in the domain of losses but risk‐avoidant in the domain of gains. This behavior, frequently demonstrated in framing experiments, is traditionally explained in terms of prospect theory. We suggest a different account whereby involving chance in one's decisions may serve a strategic impression‐formation function. In the domain of losses actors may embrace chance to distance themselves from the outcomes and deflect possible blame. Given potential gains, however, actors may avoid uncertainty to enhance their association with valued outcomes. We test this idea by manipulating the level of actors' personal responsibility for the decision outcomes. The results of four studies consistently showed that when personal responsibility is high, the original framing effect is replicated (i.e., greater risk‐taking when choices are framed in terms of losses rather than gains). However, when because of assigned role or decision circumstances, actors experience low personal responsibility for the outcomes, and the classic framing effect is eliminated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two liquid chromatographic approaches for the simultaneous determination of xipamide and its degradation product (2,6‐xylidine) using time‐programmed fluorescence detection
Authors: Tolba M.M. , Belal F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA study of the performance of reversed‐phase chromatography with a programmable multiwavelength fluorimetric technique using either conventional hydro‐organic or micellar eluent is established for the determination of xipamide (XIP) in the presence of its degradation product, 2,6‐xylidine (XY). In conventional liquid chromatography (CLC), the analyses were carried out on a Promosil ODS 100 Å column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of methanol/0.1 M phosphate buffer (65: 35, v/v) at pH 4.0. For micellar liquid chromatography (MLC), a short Spherisorb column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) was employed in conjunction with a greener mobile phase (pH 5.0) containing 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and 15% n‐propanol. CLC proved to be superior to MLC in terms of sensitivity for the determination of the degradation product because it could detect trace amounts down to 10.0 ng/ml of XY as a degradation product in XIP. However, MLC represents an eco‐friendly approach for the simultaneous determination of XIP and XY. In addition, the opportunity for the direct introduction of biological matrices into the chromatographic system is one of the distinctive benefits of MLC. The proposed methods were applied for the determination of XIP in its tablets, human urine and content uniformity testing. The results of the proposed methods were statistically compared with those obtained using the comparison fluorimetric method, revealing no significant differences in the performance of the methods regarding accuracy and precision.
The N‐terminal pro‐domain of the kalata B1 cyclotide precursor is intrinsically unstructured
Authors: Daly Norelle L. , Gunasekera Sunithi , Clark Richard J. , Lin Feng , Wade John D. , Anderson Marilyn A. , Craik David J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCyclotides are plant‐derived, gene‐encoded, circular peptides with a range of host‐defense functions, including insecticidal activity. They also have potential as pharmaceutical scaffolds and understanding their biosynthesis is important to facilitate their large‐scale production. Insights into the biosynthesis of cyclotides are emerging but there are still open questions, particularly regarding the influence of the structure of the precursor proteins on processing/biosynthetic pathways. The precursor protein of kalata B1, encoded by the plant Oldenlandia affinis, contains N‐ and C‐terminal propeptides that flank the mature cyclotide domain. The C‐terminal region (ctr) is important for the cyclization process, whereas the N‐terminal repeat (ntr) has been implicated in vacuolar targeting. In this study we examined the structure and folding of various truncated constructs of the ntr coupled to the mature domain of kalata B1. Despite the ntr having a well‐defined helical structure in isolation, once coupled to the natively folded mature domain there is no evidence of an ordered structure. Surprisingly, the ntr appears to be highly disordered and induces self‐association of the precursor. This self‐association might be associated with the role of the ntr as a vacuolar‐targeting signal, as previously shown for unrelated storage proteins.
To see or not to see; the ability of the magno‐ and parvocellular response to manifest itself in the VEP determines its appearance to a pattern reversing and pattern onset stimulus
Authors: Marcar Valentine L. , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between stimulus property, brain activity, and the VEP is still a matter of uncertainty.MethodWe recorded the VEP of 43 volunteers when viewing a series of dartboard images presented as both a pattern reversing and pattern onset/offset stimulus. Across the dartboard images, the total stimulus area undergoing a luminance contrast change was varied in a graded manner.ResultsWe confirmed the presence of two independent neural processing stages. The amplitude of VEP components across our pattern reversing stimuli signaled a phasic neural response based on a temporal luminance contrast selective mechanism. The amplitude of VEP components across the pattern onset stimuli signaled both a phasic and a tonic neural response based on a temporal‐ and spatial luminance contrast selective mechanism respectively. Oscillation frequencies in the VEP suggested modulation of the phasic neural response by feedback from areas of the dorsal stream, while feedback from areas of the ventral stream modulated the tonic neural response. Each processing stage generated a sink and source phase in the VEP. Source localization indicated that during the sink phase electric current density was highest in V1, while during the source phase electric current density was highest in extra‐striate cortex. Our model successfully predicted the appearance of the VEP to our images whether presented as a pattern reversing or a pattern onset/offset stimulus.ConclusionsFocussing on the effects of a phasic and tonic response rather than contrast response function on the VEP, enabled us to develop a theory linking stimulus property, neural activity and the VEP.
Variations of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Among C3 and C4 Gramineae Herbs
Authors: He Yuji , Gao Jianhua , Guo Na , Guo Yanjun 
Published: August 2016

Modern C4 plants are commonly distributed in hot and dry environments whereas C3 plants predominate in cool and shade areas. At the outmost of plant surface, the deposition and chemical composition of cuticular waxes vary under different environmental conditions. However, whether such variation of cuticular wax is related to the distribution of C3 and C4 under different environmental conditions is still not clear. In this study, leaves of six C3 Gramineae herbs distributed in spring, Roegneria kamoji, Polypogon fugax, Poa annua, Avena fatua, Alopecurus aequalis, and Oplismenus undulatifolius, and four C4 and one C3 Gramineae herbs distributed in summer, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Setaria viridis, S. plicata, and O. undulatifolius, were sampled and analyzed for cuticular wax. Plates were the main epicuticular wax morphology in both C3 and C4 plants except S. plicata. The plates melted in C4 plants but not in C3 plants. The total cuticular wax amounts in C4 plants were significantly lower than those in C3 plants, except for O. undulatifolius. Primary alcohols were the most abundant compounds in C3 plants, whereas n‐alkanes were relatively the most abundant compounds in C4 plants. C29 was the most abundant n‐alkane in C3 plants except for O. undulatifolius, whereas the most abundant n‐alkane was C31 or C33 in C4 plants. The average chain length (ACL) of n‐alkanes was higher in C4 than in C3 plants, whereas the ACL of n‐alkanoic acids was higher in C3 than C4 plants. The cluster analysis based on the distribution of n‐alkanes clearly distinguished C3 and C4 plants into two groups, except for O. undulatifolius which was grouped with C4 plants. These results suggest that the variations of cuticular waxes among C3 and C4 Gramineae herbs are related to the distribution of C3 and C4 plants under different environmental conditions.
Synthesis and Solid‐State NMR Characterization of a Robust, Pyridyl‐Based Immobilized Wilkinson's Type Catalyst with High Catalytic Performance
Authors: Srour Mohamad , Hadjiali Sara , Sauer Grit , Brunnengräber Kai , Breitzke Hergen , Xu Yeping , Weidler Heiko , Limbach Hans‐Heinrich , Gutmann Torsten , Buntkowsky Gerd 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA novel strategy for the immobilization of Wilkinson's catalyst on silica nanoparticles is presented, employing pyridyl linkers as anchoring groups. The coordination binding of the catalyst to the pyridyl linker via ligand exchange of the trans‐phosphine group is verified by 1 D and 2 D solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Catalytic activities are monitored by GC employing the hydrogenation of styrene as model reaction, and the leaching properties as well as the robustness of the catalyst are investigated. The resulting immobilized catalyst shows high catalytic activity, which is within a factor of three comparable to the homogeneous catalyst, and excellent stability in leaching tests. Finally, it is efficient to produce hyperpolarization in solution by employing parahydrogen‐enriched hydrogen gas for hydrogenation.
Effect of the fluid shear rate on the induction time of CO2‐THF hydrate formation
Authors: Douïeb Sélim , Archambault Simon , Fradette Louis , Bertrand François , Haut Benoît 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA method that allows the effect of the fluid shear rate on the induction time of gas hydrate formation to be characterized was developed and applied to CO2‐THF hydrate formation. The investigation of the effect of the application of a constant shear rate (50 to 300 s−1) to the liquid phase from which the hydrates are formed revealed that the mean induction time decreases significantly as the applied shear rate increases. This could primarily be attributed to a decrease in the time required for stable gas hydrate nuclei to be generated and to grow to a macroscopically detectable size. The induction time could also be significantly reduced by the application of a high shear rate (900 s−1) to the liquid phase for a relatively short, defined period of time.
Development of Dipeptidic hGPR54 Agonists
Authors: Doebelin Christelle , Bertin Isabelle , Schneider Séverine , Schmitt Martine , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques , Ancel Caroline , Simonneaux Valerie , Simonin Frédéric , Bihel Frédéric 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA series of dipeptides were designed as potential agonists of the human KiSS1‐derived peptide receptor (hGPR54). While the sequence Arg‐Trp‐NH2 was the most efficient in terms of affinity, we established a convergent synthetic strategy to optimize the N terminus. Using two successive Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions on a solid‐supported peptide, we were able to introduce various alkynes at the N terminus to afford compounds with sub‐micromolar affinities for hGPR54. However, functional assays indicated the benzoylated dipeptide Bz‐Arg‐Trp‐NH2 as the most promising compound in terms of agonistic properties. Interestingly, this compound appeared much more stable than the endogenous neuropeptide kisspeptin, both in serum and in liver microsomes of rats. This compound was also found to be able to induce a significant in vivo increase in testosterone levels in male rats.
Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST): Scale development and validation
Authors: Hutcheson Katherine A. , Barrow Martha P. , Barringer Denise A. , Knott Jodi K. , Lin Heather Y. , Weber Randal S. , Fuller Clifton D. , Lai Stephen Y. , Alvarez Clare P. , Raut Janhavi , Lazarus Cathy L. , May Annette , Patterson Joanne , Roe Justin W. G. , Starmer Heather M. , Lewin Jan S. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDThe National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) is the universal framework for toxicity reporting in oncology trials. The objective of this study was to develop a CTCAE‐compatible modified barium swallow (MBS) grade for the purpose of grading pharyngeal dysphagia as a toxicity endpoint in cooperative‐group organ‐preservation trials for head and neck cancer (HNC). It was hypothesized that a 5‐point, CTCAE‐compatible MBS grade (Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity [DIGEST]) based on the interaction of pharyngeal residue and laryngeal penetration/aspiration ratings would be feasible and psychometrically sound.METHODSA modified Delphi exercise was conducted for content validation, expert consensus, and operationalization of DIGEST criteria. Two blinded raters scored 100 MBSs conducted before or after surgical or nonsurgical organ preservation. Intrarater and interrater reliability was tested with weighted κ values. Criterion validity against oropharyngeal swallow efficiency (OPSE), the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP™©), the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS‐HN) was assessed with a 1‐way analysis of variance and post hoc pairwise comparisons between DIGEST grades.RESULTSIntrarater reliability was excellent (weighted κ = 0.82‐0.84) with substantial to almost perfect agreement between raters (weighted κ = 0.67‐0.81). DIGEST significantly discriminated levels of pharyngeal pathophysiology (MBSImP™©: r = 0.77; P < .0001), swallow efficiency (OPSE: r = –0.56; P < .0001), perceived dysphagia (MDADI: r = –0.41; P < .0001), and oral intake (PSS‐HN diet: r = –0.49; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSWith the development of DIGEST, the MBS rating has been adapted to the CTCAE nomenclature of ordinal toxicity grading used in oncology trials. DIGEST offers a psychometrically sound measure for HNC clinical trials and investigations of toxicity profiles, dose responses, and predictive modeling. Cancer 2017;62–70. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Emotional Processing Theory Put to Test: A Meta‐Analysis on the Association Between Process and Outcome Measures in Exposure Therapy
Authors: Rupp Christian , Doebler Philipp , Ehring Thomas , Vossbeck‐Elsebusch Anna N. 
Published: August 2016

In order to test the predictions derived from emotional processing theory (EPT), this meta‐analysis examined correlations between outcome of exposure therapy and three process variables: initial fear activation (IFA), within‐session habituation (WSH) and between‐session habituation (BSH). Literature search comprised a keyword‐based search in databases, a reverse search and the examination of reference lists. Of the 21 studies included in the analyses, 17 provided data concerning IFA (57 endpoints, total N = 490), five concerning WSH (7 endpoints, total N = 116) and eight concerning BSH (22 endpoints, total N = 304). Owing to this data structure, analyses were performed using robust variance estimation with random‐effects models being assumed a priori.Results indicated that WSH and BSH are positively related to treatment outcome. By contrast, the statistical association between IFA and outcome of exposure was not confirmed, whereas our moderator analysis suggested that physiological process measures lead to higher correlations than non‐physiological ones. The results for IFA and BSH were affected by selective reporting. In sum, our results do not specifically strengthen EPT while matching other theoretical perspectives such as inhibitory learning and reality testing. Further research is needed to provide recommendations concerning the best way of delivering exposure therapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

This meta‐analysis examined three variables of emotional processing theory (EPT).
Initial fear activation was not linearly related to outcomes of exposure therapy.
Habituation within and between sessions were shown to correlate with outcome.
Outcome reporting bias was shown to play a crucial role in this meta‐analysis.
Results do not specifically support EPT.
Shape‐selective Valorization of Biomass‐derived Glycolaldehyde using Tin‐containing Zeolites
Authors: Tolborg Søren , Meier Sebastian , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Fristrup Peter , Taarning Esben , Sádaba Irantzu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly selective self‐condensation of glycolaldehyde to different C4 molecules has been achieved using Lewis acidic stannosilicate catalysts in water at moderate temperatures (40–100 °C). The medium‐sized zeolite pores (10‐membered ring framework) in Sn‐MFI facilitate the formation of tetrose sugars while hindering consecutive aldol reactions leading to hexose sugars. High yields of tetrose sugars (74 %) with minor amounts of vinyl glycolic acid (VGA), an α‐hydroxyacid, are obtained using Sn‐MFI with selectivities towards C4 products reaching 97 %. Tin catalysts having large pores or no pore structure (Sn‐Beta, Sn‐MCM‐41, Sn‐SBA‐15, tin chloride) led to lower selectivities for C4 sugars due to formation of hexose sugars. In the case of Sn‐Beta, VGA is the main product (30 %), illustrating differences in selectivity of the Sn sites in the different frameworks. Under optimized conditions, GA can undergo further conversion, leading to yields of up to 44 % of VGA using Sn‐MFI in water. The use of Sn‐MFI offers multiple possibilities for valorization of biomass‐derived GA in water under mild conditions selectively producing C4 molecules.
Low Temperature Solution‐Processed Sb:SnO2 Nanocrystals for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Bai Yang , Fang Yanjun , Deng Yehao , Wang Qi , Zhao Jingjing , Zheng Xiaopeng , Zhang Yang , Huang Jinsong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInorganic metal oxide electron‐transport layers (ETLs) have the potential to yield perovskite solar cells with improved stability, but generally need high temperature to form conductive and defect‐less forms, which is not compatible with the fabrication of flexible and tandem solar cells. Here, we demonstrate a facile strategy for developing efficient inorganic ETLs by doping SnO2 nanocrystals (NCs) with a small amount of Sb using a low‐temperature solution‐processed method. The electrical conductivity was remarkably enhanced by Sb‐doping, which increased the carrier concentration in Sb:SnO2 NCs. Moreover, the upward shift of the Fermi level owing to doping results in improved energy level alignment, which led to reduced charge recombination, and thus longer electron recombination lifetime and improved open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Therefore, Sb‐doping of SnO2 significantly enhanced the photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite devices by increasing the fill factor and VOC, and reducing photocurrent hysteresis, extending the potential application of low‐temperature‐processed ETLs in future flexible and tandem solar cells.
Genetic signatures of a range expansion in natura: when clones play leapfrog
Authors: Becheler Ronan , Xhaard Constance , Klein Etienne K. , Hayden Katherine J. , Frey Pascal , De Mita Stéphane , Halkett Fabien 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe genetic consequences of range expansions have generally been investigated at wide geographical and temporal scales, long after the colonization event. A unique ecological system enabled us to both monitor the colonization dynamics and decipher the genetic footprints of expansion over a very short time period. Each year an epidemic of the poplar rust (Melampsora larici‐populina) expands clonally and linearly along the Durance River, in the Alps. The colonization dynamics observed in 2004 showed two phases with different genetic outcomes. Upstream, fast colonization maintained high genetic diversity. Downstream, the colonization wave progressively faltered, diversity eroded, and differentiation increased, as expected under recurrent founder events. In line with the high dispersal abilities of rust pathogens, we provide evidence for leapfrog dispersal of clones. Our results thus emphasize the importance of colonization dynamics in shaping spatial genetic structure in the face of high gene flow.