bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet niches of the Alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis) and European hare (Lepus europaeus) living in coexistence in the Alps
Authors: Schai-Braun Stéphanie C. , Filli Flurin , Jenny Hannes , Lapin Katharina , Queirós Joao , Alves Paulo C. , Hackländer Klaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA species’ diet niche is shaped by the evolutionary processes of adaptation to the available food resources in its habitat and by competition with ecologically similar species. In the European Alps, Alpine mountain hares (Lepus timidus varronis) and European hares (Lepus europaeus) occur parapatrically along the elevation gradient and hybridise with each other in overlapping areas. Evidence that the areas of overlap are not stable suggests that interspecific competition between the two congeneric hare species is strong. Competitive exclusion might take place at a fine spatial scale and influence the feeding behaviour of the two hare species. In this study, we investigated diet ecology of Alpine mountain hares, European hares and their hybrids in the Alps in the middle and at the end of the plant vegetation growth period by collecting hare faeces along the altitudinal gradient in Grisons (Switzerland). We performed genetic analysis to identify the hare species and analysed the faeces microscopically to determine dietary composition. Plant components at the level of dicotyledons/monocotyledons, plant family and plant species in faeces of 49 European hares, 16 Alpine mountain hares and 22 hybrids (with discordant nuclear and mitochondrial genetic backgrounds) were identified. Alpine mountain hares used significantly more Ericaceae as food plants than European hares and hybrids. As mountain hares support phenolics in the nutrition better than European hares, our results suggest that the diet of the two lagomorph species are affected by phenolics content in the Alpine ecosystem. Our findings underline the Alpine mountain hare’s adaptation to the Alpine ecosystem by using characteristic Alpine vegetation as food plants. The phenolics tolerance and specialist feeding strategy might be a decisive advantage of the Alpine mountain hare in the competition between the two lagomorph species in the Alps.
Disrupted glutamate homeostasis as a target for glioma therapy
Authors: Biegański Mikołaj , Szeliga Monika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Gliomas, malignant brain tumors with a dismal prognosis, alter glutamate homeostasis in the brain, which is advantageous for their growth, survival, and invasion. Alterations in glutamate homeostasis result from its excessive production and release to the extracellular space. High glutamate concentration in the tumor microenvironment destroys healthy tissue surrounding the tumor, thus providing space for glioma cells to expand. Moreover, it confers neuron hyperexcitability, leading to epilepsy, a common symptom in glioma patients. This mini-review briefly describes the biochemistry of glutamate production and transport in gliomas as well as the activation of glutamate receptors. It also summarizes the current pre-clinical and clinical studies identifying pharmacotherapeutics targeting glutamate transporters and receptors emerging as potential therapeutic strategies for glioma.
Loop diuretics inhibit kynurenic acid production and kynurenine aminotransferases activity in rat kidneys
Authors: Zakrocka Izabela , Targowska-Duda Katarzyna M. , Kocki Tomasz , Turski Waldemar , Urbańska Ewa M. , Załuska Wojciech 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Loop diuretics became a cornerstone in the therapy of hypervolemia in patients with chronic kidney disease or heart failure. Apart from the influence on water and electrolyte balance, these drugs were shown to inhibit tissue fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-system activity. The kynurenine (KYN) pathway products are suggested to be uremic toxins. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is synthesized by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs) in the brain and periphery. The cardiovascular and renal effects of KYNA are well documented. However, high KYNA levels have been correlated with the rate of kidney damage and its complications. Our study aimed to assess the effect of loop diuretics, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, and torasemide on KYNA synthesis and KATs activity in rat kidneys in vitro.

Methods
Quantitative analyses of KYNA were performed using fluorimetric HPLC detection. Additionally, molecular docking studies determined the possible interactions of investigated compounds with an active site of KAT I and KAT II.

Results
All studied drugs inhibited KYNA production in rat kidneys in vitro at 0.5–1.0 mmol/l concentrations. Only ethacrynic acid at 1.0 mmol/l concentration significantly lowered KAT I and KAT II activity in kidney homogenates, whereas other drugs were ineffective. Molecular docking results indicated the common binding site for each of the studied loop diuretics and KYNA. They suggested possible residues involved in their binding to the active site of both KAT I and KAT II model.

Conclusions
Our study reveals that loop diuretics may decrease KYNA synthesis in rat kidneys in vitro. The presented results warrant further research in the context of KYN pathway activity regulation by loop diuretics.

Graphical abstract
JR-AB2-011 induces fast metabolic changes independent of mTOR complex 2 inhibition in human leukemia cells
Authors: Kořánová Tereza , Dvořáček Lukáš , Grebeňová Dana , Kuželová Kateřina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial regulator of cell metabolic activity. It forms part of several distinct protein complexes, particularly mTORC1 and mTORC2. The lack of specific inhibitors still hampers the attribution of mTOR functions to these complexes. JR-AB2-011 has been reported as a specific mTORC2 inhibitor preventing mTOR binding to RICTOR, a unique component of mTORC2. We aimed to describe the effects of JR-AB2-011 in leukemia/lymphoma cells, where the mTOR pathway is often aberrantly activated.

Methods
The impact of JR-AB2-011 on leukemia/lymphoma cell metabolism was analyzed using the Seahorse platform. AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 was used as a marker of mTORC2 activity. mTOR binding to RICTOR was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. RICTOR-null cells were derived from the Karpas-299 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.

Results
In leukemia/lymphoma cell lines, JR-AB2-011 induced a rapid drop in the cell respiration rate, which was variably compensated by an increased glycolytic rate. In contrast, an increase in the respiration rate due to JR-AB2-011 treatment was observed in primary leukemia cells. Unexpectedly, JR-AB2-011 did not affect AKT Ser473 phosphorylation. In addition, mTOR did not dissociate from RICTOR in cells treated with JR-AB2-011 under the experimental conditions used in this study. The effect of JR-AB2-011 on cell respiration was retained in RICTOR-null cells.

Conclusion
JR-AB2-011 affects leukemia/lymphoma cell metabolism via a mechanism independent of mTORC2.
The effects of the Daily Behavior Report Cards (DBRC) on the disruptive behavior and specific goal behavior of elementary school children: a multiple baseline design study
Authors: Nitz Jannik , Volpe Robert , Hagen Tobias , Krull Johanna , Hennemann Thomas , Hanisch Charlotte 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study used a single-case design to investigate the effectiveness of Daily Behavior Report Cards (DBRC) in addressing elementary school children’s disruptive behavior. The study, conducted in a German elementary school, involved ten second-grade students identified by their teachers as exhibiting disruptive behaviors. The procedures included training teachers in the implementation of DBRC, setting specific behavioral goals for each student, and using the Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) to assess General Disruptive Behavior (GDB) and Specific Goal Behavior (SGB). The DBRC was implemented over 120 days, with daily monitoring and feedback provided to students. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in both variables. The data analysis was conducted using regression-based analyses and the Non-Overlap of All Pairs (NAP). This study confirms the effectiveness of DBRC in mitigating disruptive behaviors and achieving specific behavioral goals, thereby contributing valuable insights into the application of this evidence-based intervention within the German elementary school system. It also highlights the utility of the single-case design in educational research.
Efficiency vs. Welfare in Benefit–Cost Analysis: The Case of Government Funding
Authors: Liscow Zachary , Sunstein Cass R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBoth Republican and Democratic administrations make regulatory and funding decisions with close reference to benefit–cost analysis (BCA). With respect to regulation, there has been a great deal of academic discussion of BCA and its limits, but almost no attention has been paid to the role of BCA in government funding. That is a serious gap, not least in connection with climate-related risks, such as wildfire, drought, extreme heat, and flooding. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-94 sets out guidelines for the BCA required when people are applying to many federal discretionary grant programs. Through Circular A-94, OMB has long required applicants to demonstrate that the benefits of their projects would exceed the costs. But under Circular A-94 as it stood for many years, efficiency-based BCA could produce results that fail to maximize welfare and that are also highly inequitable. The 2023 revision of Circular A-94 focuses more directly on welfare and equity, which are now – not uncontroversially – being brought directly into policy. At the same time, the new Circular A-94 raises fresh questions about how best to promote welfare, and to consider equity, in practice. This article explains the economic foundations for promoting welfare through distributional weighting – and how the old BCA guidance fell short. It then offers recommendations on how to operationalize distributional weighting on the ground specifically for government spending programs – and for BCA more broadly.
Phishing feedback: just-in-time intervention improves online security
Authors: Bender Svetlana , Horn Samantha , Loewenstein George , Roberts Olivia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phishing emails cost companies millions. In the absence of technology to perfectly block phishing emails, the responsibility falls on employees to identify and appropriately respond to phishing attempts and on employers to train them to do so. We report results from an experiment with around 11,000 employees of a large U.S. corporation, testing the efficacy of just-in-time feedback delivered at a teachable moment – immediately after succumbing to a phishing email – to reduce susceptibility to phishing emails. Employees in the study were sent an initial pseudo-phishing email, and those who either ignored or fell victim to the phishing email were randomized to receive or not receive feedback about their response. Just-in-time feedback for employees who fell victim to or ignored the initial pseudo-phishing email reduced susceptibility to a second pseudo-phishing email sent by the research team. Additionally, for employees who ignored the initial email, feedback also increased reporting rates.
AI and memory
Authors: Hoskins Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper is written at a tipping point in the development of generative AI and related technologies and services, which heralds a new battleground between humans and computers in the shaping of reality. Large language models (LLMs) scrape vast amounts of data from the so called ‘publicly available' internet, enabling new ways for the past to be represented and reimagined at scale, for individuals and societies. Moreover, generative AI changes what memory is and what memory does, pushing it beyond the realm of individual, human influence, and control, yet at the same time offering new modes of expression, conversation, creativity, and ways of overcoming forgetting. I argue here for a ‘third way of memory’, to recognise how the entanglements between humans and machines both enable and endanger human agency in the making and the remixing of individual and collective memory. This includes the growth of AI agents, with increasing autonomy and infinite potential to make, remake, and repurpose individual and collective pasts, beyond human consent and control. This paper outlines two key developments of generative AI-driven services: firstly, they untether the human past from the present, producing a past that was never actually remembered in the first place, and, secondly, they usher in a new ‘conversational’ past through the dialogical construction of memory in the present. Ultimately, developments in generative AI are making it more difficult for us to recognise the human influence on, and pathways from, the past, and that human agency over remembering and forgetting is increasingly challenged.
Separating Injection‐Driven and Earthquake‐Driven Induced Seismicity by Combining a Fully Coupled Poroelastic Model With Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Hill R. G. , Trugman D. T. , Weingarten M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn areas of induced seismicity, earthquakes can be triggered by stress changes due to fluid injection and static deformation from fault slip. Here we present a method to distinguish between injection‐driven and earthquake‐driven triggering of induced seismicity by combining a calibrated, fully coupled, poroelastic stress model of wastewater injection with interpretation of a machine learning algorithm trained on both earthquake catalog and modeled stress features. We investigate seismicity from Paradox Valley, Colorado as an ideal test case: a single, high‐pressure injector that has induced thousands of earthquakes since 1991. Using feature importance analysis, we find that injection‐driven earthquakes are approximately 225% of the total catalog but act as background events that can trigger subsequent aftershocks. Injection‐driven events also have distinct spatiotemporal clustering properties with a larger b‐value, closer proximity to the well, and earlier occurrence in the injection history. Generalization of our technique can help characterize triggering processes in other regions where induced seismicity occurs.
Mid‐Latitude Auroras and Energetic Particle Precipitation Occurred Unusually in a Moderate Magnetic Storm on 1 December 2023
Authors: Ma Longxing , Yu Yiqun , Ding Xiaoqi , Liu Xiyu , An Depeng , Zhou Chenlong , Cao Jinbin , Shiokawa Kazuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMid‐latitude auroras are conventionally generated during intense magnetic storms. However, mid‐latitude auroras were observed by naked eyes at Beijing China (39°N, 116°E) unusually during a moderate storm event on 1 December 2023 with the minimum Sym‐H index only −120 nT. This study combines conjugative in‐site and ground‐based observations to analyze the auroras and underlying physical processes. Results indicate that both electron and proton auroras appeared at low latitudes. Electron auroras predominantly arise from low‐energy electron precipitation, but proton auroras may be explained by energetic tens of keV proton precipitation. Pc1/EMIC waves are observed at low latitudes in the ionosphere, potentially accounting for mid‐latitude proton auroras. Downward field‐aligned currents (FACs) are also detected at low latitudes, producing significant magnetic perturbations. This study reveals the underlying ionospheric responses to the mid‐latitude auroras to understand potential reasons for observing aurora at such mid‐latitudes during a moderate storm.
Coulomb focusing in attosecond angular streaking
Authors: Li Xiaokai , Liu Xiwang , Wang Chuncheng , Ben Shuai , Zhou Shengpeng , Yang Yizhang , Song Xiaohong , Chen Jing , Yang Weifeng , Ding Dajun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAngular streaking technique employs a close-to-circularly polarized laser pulse to build a mapping between the instant of maximum ionization and the most probable emission angle in the photoelectron momentum distribution, thereby enabling the probe of laser-induced electron dynamics in atoms and molecules with attosecond temporal resolution. Here, through the jointed experimental observations and improved Coulomb-corrected strong-field approximation statistical simulations, we identify that electrons emitted at different initial ionization times converge to the most probable emission angle due to the previously-unexpected Coulomb focusing triggered by the nonadiabatic laser-induced electron tunneling. We reveal that the Coulomb focusing induces the observed nonintuitive energy-dependent trend in the angular streaking measurements on the nonadiabatic tunneling, and that tunneling dynamics under the classically forbidden barrier can leave fingerprints on the resulting signals. Our findings have significant implications for the decoding of the intricate tunneling dynamics with attosecond angular streaking.
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: global trends and new strategies for their prevention and control
Authors: Wang Shen , Li Wujian , Wang Zhenshan , Yang Wanying , Li Entao , Xia Xianzhu , Yan Feihu , Chiu Sandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo adequately prepare for potential hazards caused by emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the WHO has issued a list of high-priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which research and development (R&D) efforts are dedicated, known as paramount R&D blueprints. Within R&D efforts, the goal is to obtain effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches, which depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of these diseases. In this process, the accessibility of animal models is a priority bottleneck because it plays a key role in bridging the gap between in-depth understanding and control efforts for infectious diseases. Here, we reviewed preclinical animal models for high priority disease in terms of their ability to simulate human infections, including both natural susceptibility models, artificially engineered models, and surrogate models. In addition, we have thoroughly reviewed the current landscape of vaccines, antibodies, and small molecule drugs, particularly hopeful candidates in the advanced stages of these infectious diseases. More importantly, focusing on global trends and novel technologies, several aspects of the prevention and control of infectious disease were discussed in detail, including but not limited to gaps in currently available animal models and medical responses, better immune correlates of protection established in animal models and humans, further understanding of disease mechanisms, and the role of artificial intelligence in guiding or supplementing the development of animal models, vaccines, and drugs. Overall, this review described pioneering approaches and sophisticated techniques involved in the study of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical theatment of WHO high-priority pathogens and proposed potential directions. Technological advances in these aspects would consolidate the line of defense, thus ensuring a timely response to WHO high priority pathogens.
Impact of LASER activated irrigation on the retrievability of Guttaflow bioseal (in-vitro study)
Authors: Obeid Maram , Zaghloul Mohamed El Sayed , Abdelrahman Tariq Yehia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of diode LASER activated irrigation in the removal of GuttaFlow Bioseal root canal filling material during retreatment.

Materials and subjects
Root canals of forty-five single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary system and obturated with lateral condensation obturation technique using Gutta Percha and Roeko GuttaFlow Bioseal root canal sealer. All specimens were retreated with ProTaper Universal Retreatment System files then divided to three different groups according to the technique of activation of irrigation. Samples were sectioned, and the residual filling remnants were captured using digital camera attached to microscope. Data was collected by three different interpreters, to eliminate the subjectivity of the process, using the ImageJ Software. The mean value of the data was obtained and evaluated statistically. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results
The remaining filling materials in the canals irrigated with ultrasonic activation (6.17 ± 1.42 at coronal level, 10.93 ± 1.91at middle level, and 14.58 ± 2.23 at apical level) were less than these irrigated with LASER activation (15.87 ± 3.78 at coronal level, 21.28 ± 4.44 at middle level, and 27.06 ± 2.68 at apical level). Maximum amount of remaining filling materials was present in the canals irrigated with passive side-vented syringe (23.07 ± 3.22 at coronal level, 38.09 ± 7.27 at middle level, and 34.24 ± 9.77 at apical level).

Conclusion
The activation of irrigation techniques used were incapable of complete removal of filling material at root canal walls.
Phosphatase LHPP confers prostate cancer ferroptosis activation by modulating the AKT-SKP2-ACSL4 pathway
Authors: Xie Guoqing , Li Ningyang , Li Keqiang , Xu Yating , Zhang Yu , Cao Shun , Huang Budeng , Liu Ruoyang , Zhou Peijie , Ding Yafei , Ding Yinghui , Yang Jinjian , Jia Zhankui , Huang Zhenlin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLHPP, a novel, recognized tumor suppressor, exerts a critical influence on the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and survival by modulating various signaling pathways with its phosphatase activity. Here, we unveil a robust correlation between reduced LHPP expression and adverse prognosis in prostate cancer. We demonstrate that LHPP interacts with AKT, thereby dampening AKT phosphorylation and subsequently inhibiting ACSL4 phosphorylation at the T624 site. This interaction impedes phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination, thwarting SKP2 from recognizing and binding to ACSL4 at the K621 site. As a result, ACSL4 is spared from lysosomal degradation, leading to its accumulation and the promotion of lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis. Moreover, our findings reveal that Panobinostat, a potent histone-deacetylase inhibitor, intricately regulates LHPP expression at multiple levels through the inhibition of HDAC3. This complex modulation enhances the ferroptosis pathway, offering a novel mechanism for curtailing the growth of prostate tumors and highlighting its significant translational potential for clinical application.