bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Imaging: 2D Resistivity Tomography as a tool for Groundwater Studies at Mahmudia Village, West Sulaimani City, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Aziz Bakhtiar 
Published: July 2017

Electrical Imaging (EI) is a geophysical method, developed over the past several years that provide a two or
three dimensional resistivity model of the subsurface. EI can be very effective in providing information on
the distribution of aquifers, aquitard, impermeable rocks, soil-bedrock interface topography, fracture zone,
fault and voids. This technique is used for the first time in Iraq in Mahmudia village, west of Sulaimani City.
Five traverses were taken; more than 4000 readings r.l'ere recorded using Wenner configuration with roll
along technique. The data inversion u,as carried out by RES2DINV program using both finite difference and
finite element mathematical methods. Two aquifers of different geological properties have been detected; one
of them within the recent sediments while the other within the limestone beds of Sinjar Formation, These
aquifers can be regarded as an excellent water resource fol providing sufficient groundwater to the area for
domestic and agricultural purposes.
Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Ostałowska Alina , Skowron Marta , Birkner Ewa , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Święchowicz Sławomir , Koczy Bogdan , Nowak Dariusz 
Published: July 2017

WstępChoroba zwyrodnieniowa stawów kolanowych (gonartroza – GA) należy do najczęstszych schorzeń narządu ruchu, a ból i ograniczenie ruchomości kolana są najdotkliwiej odbieranymi przez pacjentów objawami zmian zwyrodnieniowych. Celem pracy było sprawdzenie, czy podanie dostawowe preparatu kwasu hialuronowego wpływa na funkcje stawu kolanowego, wybrane parametry układu antyoksydacyjnego i natężenie stresu oksydacyjnego we krwi u pacjentów z gonartrozą.Materiał i metodyGrupa badana 1K obejmowała 96 pacjentów z chorobą zwyrodnieniową stawu kolanowego, którym podano kwas hialuronowy do jednego stawu kolanowego, natomiast do grupy badanej 2K włączono 33 pacjentów, którym podano kwas hialuronowy do obu stawów kolanowych. Badanie prowadzono przez 40 tygodni według ustalonego protokołu. Oznaczono całkowity status oksydacyjny (TOS) osocza, zawartość grup sulfhydrylowych (SH) w surowicy, aktywność katalazy (CAT) w erytrocytach, aktywność dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (SOD) w osoczu i erytrocytach, aktywność peroksydazy glutationowej (GPx) w erytrocytach.WynikiPo leczeniu wiskosuplementacyjnym odnotowano zmniejszenie nasilenia bólu oraz poprawę w badanych ska-lach VAS i HHS, przy czym nieco większą poprawę stwierdzono w przypadku zajęcia jednego kolana. Po leczeniu dostawowym kwasem hialuronowym stwierdzono znamienny spadek aktywności SOD oraz CAT a wzrost aktywności GPx, wzrost stężenia grup SH w obu grupach oraz spadek stężenia TOS.WnioskiWiskosuplementacja w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej stawu kolanowego istotnie redukuje ból kolana i poprawia jego funkcje oraz wywołuje korzystne zmiany w układzie antyoksydacyjnym krwi. Efekt leczenia jest porównywalny zarówno w przypadku podawania preparatu kwasu hialuronowego do jednego, jaki i do obu stawów kolanowych.
Skin irritation incidence following kinesiology tape use in patients with neurological disorders: multicenter observation.
Authors: de Ru Esther , Mikołajewska Emilia 
Published: July 2017

WstępKinesiotaping może być wykorzystywany jako samodzielna lub uzupełniająca metoda rehabilitacyjna. Jest przydatny w wielu urazach, zaburzeniach i schorzeniach.
Celem badania jest zarejestrowanie częstości występowania alergii kontaktowych lub innych niekorzystnych zmian skórnych w grupie pacjentów z deficytem neurologicznym poddawanych terapii tą metodą.Materiał i metodyDo badania włączono 160 pacjentów z czterech krajów (Polska, Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania i Holandia), kobiet i mężczyzn, poddanych terapii z wykorzystaniem kinesiotapingu. Drugi autor (Polska) samodzielnie badał reakcje skórne podczas każdej nowej aplikacji, natomiast w pozostałych trzech krajach (Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania, Holandia) terapeuci zaczynali oklejanie, a rodzice/opiekunowie relacjonowali pierwszemu autorowi jego efekty za pomocą kwestionariusza internetowego.WynikiCzęstość występowania reakcji skórnych wyniosła 9,38%.WnioskiPomimo faktu, że wykorzystanie plastrów do kinesiotapingu jest uważane za efektywną, bezpieczną i przyjazną dla pacjenta formę terapii, ciągle istnieje potrzeba uważnej aplikacji plastra. Nabiera to szczególnego znaczenia u pacjentów neurologicznych, z możliwymi deficytami czucia, i/lub pacjentów z zaburzeniami przytomności. Zwiększona świadomość dotycząca możliwości wystąpienia reakcji alergicznych (alergii kontaktowej) powinna podwyższyć bezpieczeństwo omawianej metody.
Periodontitis Prevalence and Severity in Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Norwegian Circumpolar Communities
Authors: Holde Gro Eirin , Oscarson Nils , Trovik Tordis A. , Tillberg Anders , Jönsson Birgitta 
Published: July 2017

Background:The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence, severity, and extent of periodontitis in the adult population of circumpolar communities in Norway using data from the Tromstannen–Oral Health in Northern Norway study.Methods:In this cross‐sectional survey, data were collected from a randomized population sample (aged 20 to 79 years) in Northern Norway. Periodontal conditions were assessed for 1,911 dentate adults with a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing were measured at six sites per tooth. Radiographic bone loss (BL) was examined using orthopantomograms.Results:According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology case definitions, 49.5% of participants had periodontitis, and 9.1% had severe periodontitis. Periodontitis prevalence and severity increased with age. Extent of BL and PD ≥4 mm also increased with age, but more rapidly and to a greater extent for BL. Prevalence of periodontitis was higher among men and varied between urban and rural areas. Periodontitis prevalence was positively associated with smoking, lower levels of education, and income.Conclusions:This study reveals a high burden of periodontitis among adults living in circumpolar communities in Norway. The results showed sociodemographic disparities regarding periodontitis and highlights the importance of further investigation of factors influencing periodontal health.
Low self-esteem and high psychological distress are common among depressed adolescents presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Puuskari Varpu , Aalto-Setälä Terhi , Komulainen Erkki , Marttunen Mauri 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Increasing psychiatric disorders and alcohol intoxication challenge the pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) to which adolescents are referred owing to acute alcohol intoxication.

Objective
This study examined the degree to which adolescents presenting to PED with alcohol intoxication or deliberate self-harm report symptoms of depression and how they differed from non-depressed patients in terms of alcohol use, perceived social support, psychological distress, self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts.

Methods
In a sample of 138 adolescents, 12- to 16-years old (62% females), we assessed the patients’ psychiatric status using self-report scales and analyzed blood samples for alcohol. Before discharge, a consulting psychiatrist interviewed each patient to evaluate possible suicidality and organized aftercare when necessary. The mediating data-driven hypothesis was examined. Adolescents scoring ≥ 10 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were deemed as screening positive for depression.

Results
In 55% of participants, intoxication was by alcohol consumption. Deliberate self-harm was found in 17% of the participants. Of the 138 adolescents, 39% scored positive on the BDI for depressive symptoms, occurring more commonly in girls. Logistic regression showed that the most significant variables associated with depressive symptoms were female gender, high psychological distress, and low self-esteem. Symptoms of depression served as a mediator between gender and self-esteem and the blood alcohol level.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the importance of identifying mood disorders, suicidality, and self-esteem among adolescents with acute alcohol intoxication at the PED. Intensive psychiatric evaluation in an emergency department is necessary in order to detect those adolescents requiring additional treatment and support.
Las aldeas del Formativo Inferior de la quebrada del Toro (Salta, Argentina)
Authors: Raffino Rodolfo 
Published: July 2017

La quebrada del Toro es un estrecho bolsón de recorrido longitudinal que se comporta como eje central de un sistema de quebradas menores y laterales, ubicadas en el occidente de la provincia de Salta, en el ámbito de la cordillera Oriental y la prepuna. A lo largo de su trayecto, la quebrada mayor recibe el aporte de un conjunto de quebradas laterales como las de Morohuasi, Las Cuevas, Las Capillas, entre varias más. Geomórficamente, la región se compone de quebradas altas, estrechas y sinuosas, de agresivo perfil, con cabeceras en el altiplano puneño, a 4000 m.snm. Es precisamente este último accidente el que marca los límites norte y oeste de la región, mientras que por el este la sierra del Chañi la separa de la Quebrada de Humahuaca y el valle Grande de Jujuy. Hacia el sur este sistema de quebradas se conecta con los valles calchaquíes de la provincia de Salta.
Incidencias de los patrones de poblamiento en el cálculo de la población del Partido de Atacama desde 1752 a 1804: las revisitas inéditas de 1787-1792 y 1804
Authors: Hidalgo Lehuedé Jorge Alfredo 
Published: July 2017

Se presentan y discuten datos de valor demográfico de algunos empadronamientos inéditos de tributarios que van desde 1752 a 1804. A pesar de sus irregularidades, se busca una explicación en el patrón de poblamiento o en sus características culturales, utilizando las fuentes señaladas e información adicional contemporánea o posterior a estas visitas. Se encuentran claras referencias de que la población atacameña muestra durante varios siglos patrones tanto de trashumancia como de control simultáneo de recursos apartados, estrategia que Murra ha llamado “verticalidad”. Su presencia en Atacama relativiza los datos demográficos en cuestión, no pudiéndose determinar con precisión qué población que se consideraba a sí misma atacameña vivía en esa provincia colonial y cuánta vivía fuera de ella.
e-Diagnostics of the Switchgear Equipment Using IEC 61850
Authors: Zdzisław Kołodziejczyk  , Andrzej K. Wach  
Published: July 2017

The proposed implementation of e-diagnostics of switchgear equipment aims to improve the reliability indicators of the equipment and to reduce the costs of its exploitation. As far as fundamental diagnostics problems are concerned it is still essential to develop methods of calculating tests and diagnostic procedures, which are a base for an inference on the reliability state of the object. Generally it is done based on symptoms (characteristic for non-stationary acting object), which additionally expose processes of aging and wear, or based on functional model of a discrete object. At the present, in many cases the digital part of IEDs is tested by application of a response function compression method. This method characterizes with relatively small control test effectiveness and it does not enable subordinating the tests results to the specific node of the IEC 61850 standard. The paper introduces diagnostics of the digital part of IED’s. It presents a certain inference engine on which one of the elements of the digital circuit is (with determined probability) in the inoperable state, if for any pin, (of some element) a fail result of the functional test has been observed. That conclusion is reached by applying the probability approach and knowledge of the digital circuit information net, being a certain digraph respectively described. The method of determining the important causal-effectual relation between the determined inoperable state of the circuit element and the fail result observed on some pins of the other element, using the information net of the circuit is presented. Thereafter we provide some remarks on how to build the IED digital part functional testing, which may be executed under the command e.g. sent from the data concentrator.
A biomass powered Ringbom-Stirling engine for developing countries: a low-budget solution for distributed electricity generation.
Authors: S. Parmigiani  , D. Zani  , C. Invernizzi  , A. Mazzù  , V. Villa  , A. Lezzi  
Published: July 2017

In many isolated settings electricity is not available or is supplied by fossil fuels, while biomass is used for cooking purposes, not exploiting all of its potential. We are building a prototype of a biomass powered 1kWel Ringbom-Stirling engine that doesn't require high technology, but nevertheless brings relevant innovations. This solution aims to generate electricity using the same source used for cooking. It is meant to be used and to be producible in developing countries, where distributed electricity generation, using locally available primary sources, can help reducing the dependence from foreign aids or suppliers. The system we are building is composed of a down-draft gasifier which supplies the syngas that is then burned to heat the Ringbom-Stirling engine, which produces electricity, while the remaining heat is available for cooking. We discuss here the general scheme of this solution with particular regard for some new applications that greatly simplify the operation of traditional Stirling engines, such as metal bellows, used instead of the typical cylinder-piston arrangement, to totally eliminate the friction due to sealing needs between moving parts.
Defining of eligible capacity for biomass cogeneration plants in small towns in Estonia
Authors: A.Volkova  , A. Hlebnikov  , A.Siirde  
Published: July 2017

There is a high potential for small-scale and medium scale biomass cogeneration in Estonia. It can be explained by high heat loads in household sector and large availability of biomass energy sources. During the research an eligible size for biomass cogeneration capacity in Estonian small towns was defined. Estonian conditions were taken into account: local energy sources, fuel and electricity prices, cold climate, state of local district heating systems, Estonian legislation and support mechanisms for cogeneration plants. Heat load duration curves for four Estonian small towns with heat load 5-20 MW were taken as a base for small-scale and medium-scale cogeneration potential. Partial load cogeneration optimal sizing was researched in this paper. Results were checked and approbated by economical and environmental factors.
Heat load model for small-scale CHP planning
Authors: E. Latõšov  , A. Siirde  
Published: July 2017

Present-day world energy policy is based on two main
directions: energy efficiency and environmental
protection. Efficient Combined Heat and Power
production is one of the energy consumption effective
methods, where CHP production from the renewable
fuels is preferable. [1]
In order to plan for the most economical, technical and
environmental optimal CHP system, it is especially
important to estimate the expected heat demands and heat
load profiles for the district heating area.
This paper describes a method for estimation of heat load
profile for a given district heating area by dividing it to
three different heat load types:

Temperature depended heat load;

Constant heat load;

User defined heat load.
The paper provides a complete description of above
mentioned heat load types, equations as well as
calculation examples. Calculation results are compared to
hourly measured heat loads to estimate accuracy of a
proposed model.
History of the amorphous silicon on crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cell
Authors: H. C. Neitzert  , W.R. Fahrner  
Published: July 2017

Some commercially available solar panels with very high efficiencies for terrestrial photovoltaic applications are based on the amorphous silicon on crystalline silicon material system. This type of heterostructure has a more than 40 years old history. The early development of the technology and the results, obtained in the last years with this type of solar cell are reviewed. In particular it is demonstrated how the physical understanding of the interface properties and band-structure was important for the development of high efficiency solar cells.
Design and Fabrication of Piezoresistive Strain-Gauges for Harsh Environment Applications
Authors: P. Kulha  , A. Boura  , M. Husak  
Published: July 2017

Maximum operating temperature is usuallyone of the limiting factors for using of conventional sensors and other electronic devices. High-temperature sensors and electronics are required in some special applications e.g. measurement of deformations, stresses and pressures inside power generators. The design methodology of the some piezoresistive sensors utilizing FEM simulations is presented. Piezoresistive sensors based on thin-film metal sputtered layers, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and nanocrystalline diamond layers (NCD) were successfully designed, fabricated and measured. The fabricated sensors are able to operate at temperatures up to 250 °C. Extensive study of sensor parameters e.g. deformation sensitivity, edge and contact resistances, temperature dependences gauge factor, bridge output voltage was performed. The measured values and investigated findings can be used for calibration of simulation software and in prospective design of more complex sensor structures.
The role of the dc-bus in voltage sags experienced by three-phase adjustable-speed drives
Authors: Ma˜nana, M  , Mu˜niz, L.M  , Ortiz, A  , Aranda, R  , Arroyo, A  , Delgado, F  
Published: July 2017

This research work is devoted to the criticalevaluation of the role of the dc-bus in the behavior of three-phase adjustable-speed drives with voltage sags. In particular,the dc-link voltage variation under voltage sag and its depen-dence on bus capacity, dc-link resistance and inductance andsource impedance.The analysis can be used to introduce additional capacitancein the dc-link in order to increase the ride-through capability ofthe ASD.Both an electromagnetic transient model and a set-up facilityhave been introduced. This test platform can be used in orderto study the sensitivity of ASD to different disturbances.
Testing the Influence of the Quality of the Supply Voltage on the Performance of a Numerical Relay
Authors: Ruth P.S. Leão  , Ana L.Colaço  , Nelber X. Melo  , Janaína A. Almada  , Robson A. Azevedo  , Raimundo F.  Sampaio  , Giovanni C. Barroso  , E José Giordane Silveira  
Published: July 2017

To ensure consistent reliability and proper operation, protective relay equipment must be evaluated and tested. This paper presents the requirements for testing the ac and d.c. auxiliary power supply of protective relays and the test results. The test severity levels, test set-up, test procedures and test report are presented according to the IEC60255-11 Ed.2.0. A numerical relay commonly found in the power distribution systems is used for testing. The tests are carried out to determine the ability of the relay to withstand a variety of disturbances as specified in the international standard.
Integration of Renewable Generation into the Portuguese Power System: The Impact of Different Hydrological Regimes
Authors: Sérgio Faias  , Jorge Sousa  , Rui Castro  
Published: July 2017

The Portuguese power system has experienced an increasing integration of renewable energy sources during the last yearsand is still making considerable efforts to increase its share of renewable generation. Wind power is the renewable source of energy that has experienced the highest increase. According to the national power system operator predictions, by the year 2011, wind power will account for 27.5% of the Portuguese installed capacity and for 37.1% of the generated energy. Such integration of wind power induces particular challenges in balancing the power demand and generation, emerging as the cause of some power system instability. That potential to the power unbalances occurrence tends to increase during the years of higher rainfall, especially in systems like the Portuguese, with considerable hydro generation. The main objective of the present paper is to understand the sensitivity of the Portuguese power system capacity to integrate the renewable generation under different hydrological regimes. Along the paper, the authors forecast the potential of occurring power unbalances between demand and generation, analyse the contribution of the installed pumping-hydro power-plants to mitigate those power unbalances and quantify the needs of renewable generation curtailment.
Three Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic System with Active and Reactive Power Control Using “Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory”
Authors: G. Adamidis  , G. Tsengenes  , K. Kelesidis  
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a photovoltaic (P/V) system, with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), connected to a three phase grid is presented. The connection of photovoltaic system on the grid takes place in one stage using voltage source inverter (VSI). For a better utilization of the photovoltaic system, the control strategy applied is based on p-q theory.According to this strategy during sunlight the system sends active power to the grid and at the same time compensates the reactive power of the load. In case there is no sunlight (during the night for instance), the inverter only compensates the reactive power of the load. The advantage of this strategy is the operation of the photovoltaic system the whole day. In this paper the p-q theory is proposed, which does not demand the use of PLL and introduces simple algebraic calculations.
A study on the improvement of portable fuel cell fan
Authors: Joo-Han Kim  , Jung-Moo Seo  , In Sung Chung  , Nahm-keon Hur  
Published: July 2017

Recently, due to the exhaustion of fossil fuel, pollution of air, and demand for capacity increase of power system, new generating technologies using various energy sources, for instance wind, water, geothermal, fuel cell, have been developed. Among them, fuel cell system which generates electric energy from chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen is considered one of the promising. This study is thing to develop small size light weight high effectiveness portable fuel cell Air Fan module. We achieved flow analysis about air Fan and presented various design data. And we wish to accomplish fan performance elevation and commercialization through this.
Design of a Microcontroller Based Automated Pyranometer
Authors: M.Laghrouche  , A.Attaf  , R.Ziani  , S.Ameur  
Published: July 2017

An experimental system for measuring the intensity of solar radiation has been developed; it is done based on a microcontroller and can measure eight signals at programmable time intervals. The data are acquired from sensors are placed on a dome to monitor and measure the insolation during the whole day. Thanks to the technology used the system has a large autonomy of use, which allowed us to measure the sunlight with an accuracy of about 0.1%.
A review of linear advanced current control techniques for grid connected PV inverters
Authors: Javier Monreal  , Ignacio Benítez  , Laura Moreno  , Andrés Lluna  , Inma Díaz  
Published: July 2017

The following paper presents the work being done on the comparative design, simulation and experiments concerning advanced digital linear control techniques for power inverters. Based on an existing inverter topology being developed and implemented, with a conventional DSP-programmed PI control, a research is done on more advanced linear control techniques that might improve the PI response, allowing at the same time a separate regulation of active and reactive power for electricity connection to the grid.