bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tert‐Butyl Nitrite Mediated Expeditious Methylsulfoxidation of Tetrazole‐amines with DMSO: Metal‐free Synthesis of Antifungal Active Methylsulfinyl‐1H‐tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Dai Peng , Luo Kai , Yu Xiang , Yang Wen‐Chao , Wu Lei , Zhang Wei‐Hua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA tert‐butyl nitrite mediated methyl‐sulfoxidation of tetrazole‐amines in neat DMSO or methyl‐sulfinyl derivatives is revealed for the first time. The reaction exhibits good group tolerance, as well as highly selectivity to sulfinyl substitutions. This new protocol provides an expeditious and operationally simple procedure for C−S(O) bond construction. Preliminary bioactivity evaluation on selected products shows promising antifungal activities.magnified image
Asymmetric Flexible MXene‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Micro‐Supercapacitor
Authors: Couly Cedric , Alhabeb Mohamed , Van Aken Katherine L. , Kurra Narendra , Gomes Luisa , Navarro‐Suárez Adriana M. , Anasori Babak , Alshareef Husam N. , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCurrent microfabrication of micro‐supercapacitors often involves multistep processing and delicate lithography protocols. In this study, simple fabrication of an asymmetric MXene‐based micro‐supercapacitor that is flexible, binder‐free, and current‐collector‐free is reported. The interdigitated device architecture is fabricated using a custom‐made mask and a scalable spray coating technique onto a flexible, transparent substrate. The electrode materials are comprised of titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are both 2D layered materials that contribute to the fast ion diffusion in the interdigitated electrode architecture. This MXene‐based asymmetric micro‐supercapacitor operates at a 1 V voltage window, while retaining 97% of the initial capacitance after ten thousand cycles, and exhibits an energy density of 8.6 mW h cm−3 at a power density of 0.2 W cm−3. Further, these micro‐supercapacitors show a high level of flexibility during mechanical bending. Utilizing the ability of Ti3C2Tx‐MXene electrodes to operate at negative potentials in aqueous electrolytes, it is shown that using Ti3C2Tx as a negative electrode and rGO as a positive one in asymmetric architectures is a promising strategy for increasing both energy and power densities of micro‐supercapacitors.
The Influence of Solvent Additive on Polymer Solar Cells Employing Fullerene and Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Song Xin , Gasparini Nicola , Baran Derya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSmall‐molecule‐based non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are emerging as a new field in organic photovoltaics, due to their structural versatility, the tunability of their energy levels, and their ease of synthesis. High‐efficiency polymer donors have been tested with these non‐fullerene acceptors in order to further boost the efficiency of organic solar cells. Most of the polymer:fullerene systems are optimized with solvent additives for high efficiency, while little attention has been paid to NFA‐based solar cells so far. In this report, the effect of the most common additive, 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO), on PTB7‐Th:PC71BM solar cells is investigated and it is compared with non‐fullerene acceptor 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno‐[1,2‐b:5,6b′]di‐thiophene (ITIC) devices. It is interesting that the high boiling solvent additive does have a negative impact on the power conversion efficiency when PTB7‐Th is blended with ITIC acceptor. The solar cell devices are studied in terms of their optical, photophysical, and morphological properties and find out that PTB7‐Th:ITIC devices with DIO results in coarser domains, reduced absorption strength, and slightly lower mobility, while DIO improves the absorption strength of the PTB7‐Th:PC71BM blend film and increase the aggregation of PC71BM in the blend, resulting in higher fill factor and Jsc.
Contract farming and technical efficiency: Evidence from low‐value and high‐value crops in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , Shaik Saleem , Khanal Aditya R. , Bairagi Subir 
Published: November 2017

AbstractContract farming (CF), an institutional innovation, can reduce transaction costs and solve market imperfections in many developing countries. This study compares productivity and technical efficiency (TE) of contract and independent producers of high yielding variety (HYV) paddy seed (a low‐value crop) and ginger (a high‐value crop) producers in a sample of smallholders in Nepal. We address the self‐selection into CF by using propensity score matching and translog stochastic frontier function to estimate our empirical model. Using farm‐level data from Nepal, our findings show that CF increased the average TE levels of HYV paddy seed producers from 87% to 94% and the average TE levels of ginger producers from 89% to 97%. Finally, we find that human capital and distance to the market increases the technical inefficiency of low‐value crop smallholders in Nepal. [EconLit citations: C21, O13, Q12].
Outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia after blinatumomab failure: No change in the level of CD19 expression
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Düll Johannes , Yilmaz Musa , Khoury Joseph D. , Ravandi Farhad , Jain Nitin , Einsele Hermann , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Konopleva Marina , Short Nicholas J. , Thompson Philip A. , Wierda William , Daver Naval , Cortes Jorge , O'brien Susan , Kantarjian Hagop , Topp Max S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBlinatumomab, a bi‐specific T‐cell engaging CD3‐CD19 antibody construct, has shown significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite this improvement, most patients relapse. Here, we describe the outcome of 68 patients with R/R ALL after failure of blinatumomab therapy: 38 (56%) blinatumomab refractory; 30 (44%) relapsing after initial response. After a median follow‐up of 49 months, 9 (13%) patients remained alive. The median overall survival after blinatumomab failure was 5.2 months. At the time of failure, among 61 patients evaluated for immunophenotype, 56 (92%) had CD19‐positive blasts; only five (8%) had ALL recurrence with CD19‐negative disease. Two patients progressed with lower CD19 expression. In summary, the outcome of patients with R/R ALL after blinatumomab failure is poor and treatment of these patients remains an unmet medical need. Our findings indicate that blinatumomab therapy would not exclude a significant number of patients from the potential benefit of subsequent CD19‐directed therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy.
Hinweise auf eine Triplett‐Sensibilisierung in der [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition von Eniminiumionen mit sichtbarem Licht
Authors: Hörmann Fabian M. , Chung Tim S. , Rodriguez Elsa , Jakob Matthias , Bach Thorsten 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEniminiumionen, die aus den entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen (Enonen und Enalen) hergestellt wurden, konnten durch Energietransfer in ihren Triplett‐Zustand angeregt werden. Die Intermediate unterzogen sich bei einer Anregungswellenlänge von λ=433 nm oder λ=457 nm in guten Ausbeuten (50–78 %) einer intra‐ oder intermolekularen [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition. Für die Reaktion wurden Iridium‐ oder Rutheniumkatalysatoren (2.5 Mol‐%) mit einer ausreichend hohen Triplett‐Energie verwendet. Ausgehend von einem chiralen sekundären Amin wurde ein Eniminiumion synthetisiert, das mit hoher Enantioselektivität (88 % ee) in einer intermolekularen [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition umgesetzt werden konnte.
Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Reversible Photoisomerization of an Azobenzene‐Thiol Self‐Assembled Monolayer by Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zheng Li‐Qing , Wang Xing , Shao Feng , Hegner Martin , Zenobi Renato 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn understanding of the photoisomerization mechanism of molecules bound to a metal surface at the molecular scale is required for designing photoswitches at surfaces. It has remained a challenge to correlate the surface structure and isomerization of photoswitches at ambient conditions. Herein, the photoisomerization of a self‐assembled monolayer of azobenzene‐thiol molecules on a Au surface was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The unique signature of the cis isomer at 1525 cm−1 observed in tip‐enhanced Raman spectra was clearly distinct from the trans isomer. Furthermore, tip‐enhanced Raman images of azobenzene thiols after ultraviolet and blue light irradiation are shown with nanoscale spatial resolution, demonstrating a reversible conformational change. Interestingly, the cis isomers of azobenzene‐thiol molecules were preferentially observed at Au grain edges, which is confirmed by density functional theory.
A General Synthesis of Porous Carbon Nitride Films with Tunable Surface Area and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Peng Guiming , Xing Lidan , Barrio Jesús , Volokh Michael , Shalom Menny 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) has emerged as a promising material for energy‐related applications. However, exploitation of g‐CN in practical devices is still limited owing to difficulties in fabricating g‐CN films with adjustable properties and high surface area. A general and simple pathway is reported to grow highly porous and large‐scale g‐CN films with controllable chemical and photophysical properties on various substrates using the doctor blade technique. The growth of g‐CN films, ascribed to the formation of a supramolecular paste, comprises g‐CN monomers in ethylene glycol, which can be cast on different substrates. The g‐CN composition, porosity, and optical properties can be tuned by the design of the supramolecular paste, which upon calcination results in a continuous porous g‐CN network. The strength of the porous structure is demonstrated by high electrochemically active surface area, excellent dye adsorption and photoelectrochemical and photodegradation properties.
Enhanced antifungal activities of four Zn(II) complexes based on uniconazole
Authors: Ren Guo‐Yu , Li Jie , Zhou Jin‐Hua , Yan Biao , Ren Ying‐Hui , Sun Xiao‐Hong , Ma Hai‐Xia 
Published: November 2017

Four Zn(II) complexes, [ZnL2(SO4)]n (1), [ZnL4(H2O)2]•2(NO3)•4EtOH (2), [ZnL2Cl2]•L (3), and [ZnL2Br2]•L (4) (L = uniconazole), were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal XRD. Complex 1 formed a one‐dimensional polymer chain. However, complexes 2‐4 were obtained as zero‐dimensional mononuclear coordination compounds. The antifungal activities of these complexes were then evaluated against four selected fungi using the mycelial growth rate method. The resulting data indicate that all complexes show better antifungal activities than their ligands and mixtures. In addition, the interactions between the metal salts of complexes 1‐4 and uniconazole seem to be synergistic. Furthermore, the polymer chain structure of complex 1 significantly enhanced the bioactivity, especially against Botryosphaeria ribis (I). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to help explain the enhanced bioactivity after the formation of Zn(II) complexes. The resulting data show that the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps of complexes 1‐4 (0.0578, 0.0946, 0.1053, and 0.1245 eV) are smaller than that of the free ligand (0.1247 eV) and correlate with the antifungal activity of the zinc complexes.
Experimental investigation on bubble dynamic behavior in a confined space bioreactor with bacterial suspension
Authors: Guo Cheng‐Long , Tang Qin‐Yuan , Pei Hong‐Shan , Zhang Guo‐Feng , Guo Fei‐Qiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, a confined space bioreactor with bacterial suspension was developed to experimentally investigate the adsorption of microorganisms at the gas–liquid interface and the effects of inner diameter, inclined angle, and gas flow rate on bubble dynamic behavior. The results indicated that the adsorption of microorganisms at the gas–liquid interface was affected by the bacterial chemotaxis and the gas–liquid interface expansion, and the confined space was conducive to accelerate the detachment of smaller bubble and exacerbate the fluctuation of gas–liquid interface. Moreover, the larger inner diameter induced that the bubble was squeezed by the 2 side walls of the confined space bioreactor, restricting the bubble shocking and slowing down the bubble rising velocity for increasing the bubble residence time. Furthermore, the smallest bubble departure size and the shortest inrush time were observed at horizontal capillary orifice, but the largest inrush bubble number was obtained at down‐45° capillary orifice. In addition, the inrush bubble number increased with increasing gas flow rate, but the bubble departure sizes were not much different. The results can be used to optimize the design of aeration system for improving the performance of the bioreactor.
Traditional and innovative protective coatings for outdoor bronze: Application and performance comparison
Authors: Salvadori Barbara , Cagnini Andrea , Galeotti Monica , Porcinai Simone , Goidanich Sara , Vicenzo Antonello , Celi Claudio , Frediani Piero , Rosi Luca , Frediani Marco , Giuntoli Giulia , Brambilla Laura , Beltrami Ruben , Trasatti Stefano 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTA comparative evaluation of traditional and innovative coatings for outdoor bronze surfaces was carried out, including blending or pre‐treatment with non‐toxic corrosion inhibitors on bare and patinated bronze surfaces to simulate both as cast and aged surfaces. Coatings recently applied in bronze conservation practice, commercially available coatings and an innovative end‐capped poly(lactic acid) with a benzotriazole (BTA) moiety have been tested, as well as a triple‐layer system (wax/acrylic polymer/wax). BTA, single‐layer Soter wax, and double layer Incral44/Soter wax were used as a reference. The products were evaluated in terms of aesthetic features, molecular structure, and corrosion protection by means of colorimetric, spectroscopic, and electrochemical tests. All inhibitors showed similar or significantly better results compared to BTA. In particular, sodium oleate and tolyltriazole could be considered as promising lower‐toxicity alternatives to BTA, while the triple‐layer coating applied without pre‐filming inhibitors proved to give a very high protection against corrosion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46011.
Effect of two different plasticizers on the properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) binary and ternary blends
Authors: Seoane Irene Teresita , Manfredi Liliana Beatriz , Cyras Viviana Paola 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPlasticized poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) films were obtained by solvent casting. The effects of two different additives on several properties of PHB have been examined, utilizing tributyrin and poly[di(ethyleneglycol) adipate] (A). Based on changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) and cold crystallization temperature of host PHB, the two components are miscible with PHB and they can act as plasticizers. Binary and ternary blends were obtained by adding both plasticizers separately or together, respectively. The effect of plasticizer addition on the optical transparency, water vapor permeability, and tensile properties of the films was studied. It was found that the blends remain transparent and water vapor permeability was maintained constant until a 20 wt % of plasticizer content. Plasticizing effect was corroborated and it depended on the plasticizer percentage. Binary blends had an increased plasticity, in concordance with Tg diminution of PHB. Although ternary blends presented Tg diminution, mechanical properties were not improved probaby due to strong interactions between plasticizers. Finally, binary and ternary blends presented enhanced properties, causing an increment on processability. A correct knowledge between the formulation of the film and the role played by each component could allow getting custom films. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46016.
Highly toughened polylactide by renewable Eucommia ulmoides gum
Authors: Kang Hailan , Yao Lei , Li Yushi , Hu Xiaoran , Yang Feng , Fang Qinghong , Zhang Liqun 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPolylactide (PLA) derived from natural sources has attracted increasing interest and has provided a promising alternative to traditional plastics derived from petroleum sources. With no loss of environmental friendly features, PLA was highly toughened by Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) derived from Eucommia ulmoides oliv. The dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry results show that the PLA–EUG blends were immiscible systems. SEM micrographs revealed that EUG particles were well dispersed in the PLA matrix with number‐average particle diameters of 2–4 μm. The mechanical properties indicated that the tensile strength decreased with increasing EUG contents, but the elongation at break and the impact strength were enhanced. The notched impact strength of the blends improved by 5.9‐fold compared to that of neat PLA. The PLA–EUG blends exhibited distinct shear‐thinning behavior; this indicated good processability, and the storage modulus and loss modulus of the PLA–EUG blends increased with EUG content. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46017.
Mechanical properties of 3D printed polycaprolactone honeycomb structure
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Arceneaux Donald Joseph , Khattab Ahmed 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPolycaprolactone is well known as a healing agent material in crack self‐healing applications but not as a structural material. In this study, the focus is on the durability and energy absorption of honeycomb structure made from polycaprolactone through three‐dimensional (3D) printing. The mechanical behavior of honeycomb structures was investigated through in‐plane quasi‐static compression tests at temperatures of 5 °C, room temperature (22 °C), and 40 °C. Energy absorption efficiency and energy absorption capability at different temperatures and in different loading directions was investigated according to the selected stepping upward stress. The “shape recovery” ratio after compression deformation was calculated. The results reveal that the polymeric honeycomb structure has exceptional repeatability under compressive loads. Specimens with relative density 0.20 showed high energy absorption capability, up to 0.988 J cm−3. After the removal of compression loads, specimens recovered up to 80% after the first deformation and up to 70% after the fifth deformation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46018.
Novel imidazole‐grafted hybrid anion exchange membranes based on poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) for fuel cell applications
Authors: Chen Jiqin , Shen Chunhui , Gao Shanjun , Yuan Yuan , Ren Xuechao 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTNovel organic–inorganic hybrid membranes, based on poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide), have been prepared through 1,2‐dimethylimidazole functional groups and double crosslinking agents including 3‐glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate by sol–gel process for the purpose of improving the conductivity and alkaline resistance. The structure of membranes was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, 1H NMR, and X‐ray diffraction. The physico‐chemical properties of all membranes were shown in ion exchange capacity, water uptake, stability, and conductivity. Membranes with OH– conductivity up to 0.022 at 25 °C and 0.036 S cm−1 at 80 °C. Promisingly, the chemical stability of the resulting membranes remains unchanged after storage in 2 mol dm−3 KOH at 25 °C over at least 10 days. The tensile strength can be higher than 30 MPa, and the elongation at break (Eb) is in the range 6.68–10.84%. Hence, this hybrid membrane can be potentially applied in alkaline fuel cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46034.
Wetting measurements as a tool to predict the thermoplastic/thermoset rubber compatibility in two‐component injection molding
Authors: Bex Gert‐Jan , Seveno David , De Keyzer Jozefien , Desplentere Frederik , Van Bael Albert 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRecently a novel two‐component injection molding process has been developed combining thermoplastics with thermoset rubbers. Since the adhesion strength between the two materials strongly depends on the combination of a specific thermoplastic and a thermoset rubber, there is a need to predict their compatibility, defined as the formation of a strong interface. In this study, the wetting behavior of molten thermoplastics on rubber substrates is used to predict their compatibility since wetting is an essential step in the formation of a strong interface. Contact angle measurements at high temperatures showed that the wetting of polypropylene and polyethylene is the best in combination with ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber while nitrile rubber is best wetted by polycarbonate. The subsequent two‐component injection molding tests confirm that it is possible to combine these materials. Material combinations with a poor wetting behavior on the other hand are not suitable for two‐component injection molding. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46046.
Photografted polymeric networks based on N‐isopropylacrylamide: Depth profiling by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Avadanei Mihaela 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe study presents the application of infrared spectroscopy in attenuated reflection geometry with variable angle of incidence (VA‐ATR‐FTIR) in analysis of the in‐depth distribution of several chemical species in photografted layers. Two types of networks based on N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and one interpenetrated network of NIPA and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) were produced by UV‐induced graft polymerization on polypropylene surfaces. The NIPA‐g‐PP samples were obtained in two different UV irradiation conditions: under broad band irradiation and using soft UV light (λ > 300 nm). NIPA‐co‐DMA‐g‐PP has been obtained using λ > 300 nm. VA‐ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy revealed the distribution of NIPA and DMA units across the thickness of the probed layer, according to the network type and photografting conditions. The spectral analysis of NIPA‐g‐PP reveals the influence of irradiation conditions, particularly the UV‐B radiation, on the coupling of monomers. For the NIPA‐co‐DMA‐g‐PP sample, a slight agglomeration of DMA units near the surface has been observed, which is maybe related to the more reactive character of DMA. According to the nonhomogenous distribution of the NIPA and DMA units inside the grafted layer, the surface contribution can be separated from the bulk one. The depth profile of several chemical species has been finally constructed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46048.