bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Guardian For Rice Water Weevil Control, 1995
Authors: Muegge M.A. , Barbour J.D. , Rice W.C. , Bollich P.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Guardian was evaluated for RWW Control at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Collectively levied 5 X 20 ft plots were arranged in a RB design with 4 blocks and 4 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 90 lb (13-13-13) and 50 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were water-seeded 29 May with pre-soaked ‘Cyrpus’ rice at 138 lb seed/acre to Crowley silt loam and permanently flooded 8 Jun. Foliar applications of Guardian were applied at 14.5 oz formulation/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at 0.6 lb (Al)/acre using a hand-held shaker when RWW larval density was at or above threshold (5 larvae/sample). Guardian applications were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 16 psi with 80015VS flat-fan spray nozzles on a 3 ft boom. RWW eggs were counted from 5 randomly selected plants per plot beginning 2 days post-flood, then weekly until RWW threshold. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 26 Jun, and 3 and 11 Jul using a 4 X 4 in core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected RWW larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Rough rice yield (lb/acre) was determined by hand-harvesting one random 3 ft2 sample per plot on 19 Sep. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% for determination of rough rice yield. RWW larval data were log transformed and all data were subjected to analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS. Experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Protected least significant difference (LSD) was used for treatment mean separation at 0.05 probability level.
Evaluation of Karate For Rice Water Weevil Control, 1996
Authors: Muegge M.A. , Barbour J.D. , Rice W.C. , Bollich P.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Karate was evaluated for RWW control at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 5 X 20 ft, were arranged in a RB design with four blocks and seven treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 90 lb (13-13-13) and 55 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were water-seeded 21 May with pre-soaked ‘Cyprus’ rice at 130 lb seed/acre to Crowley silt loam and permanently flooded 28 May. Furadan 3G was applied 18 Jun at 0.6 lb(AI)/acre using a hand-held shaker. Karate applications were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 28 psi with 10015VS flat-fan spray nozzles on a 3 ft boom. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 10, 17, 25 Jun using a 4 X 4 in core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected RWW larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Rough rice yield (lb/acre) was determined by harvesting the center 4 rows per plot using a Kubota combine 11 Sep. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% for determination of rough rice yield. All data were subjected to ANOVA. Experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Protected Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used for treatment mean separation at 0.05 probability level.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides For Rice Water Weevil Control, 1996
Authors: Muegge M.A. , Barbour J.D. , Rice W.C. , Bollich P.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Several insecticides applied at various rates, formulations, and times were evaluated for control of adult rice water weevil at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 5 X 25 ft, were arranged in a RB design with 4 blocks and 11 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was pre-plant incorporated at 45 lb (23-12-12) N-P-K/acre and applied broadcast 4 and 6 wk post-flood at 45 lb (23-12-12) and 55 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were drill-seeded with ‘Cyprus’ rice at 90 lb of seed/acre to Crowley silt loam on 2 May, flushed on 21 May and permanently flooded 28 May. The her-bicides Basagran, Stam, Arrosolo, and Ordram were applied to control weeds. Basagran and Stam were applied at 0.5 and 4.0 lb(AI)/acre on 27 May. Arrosolo and Ordram were applied aerially at 3.5 lb(AI)/acre on 4 Jun and 3.0 lb(AI)/acre on 11 Jun, respectively. All pesticide applications except Furadan 3G were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 28 psi with 110015VS flat-fan nozzles on a 3 ft boom. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 11,18 and 26 Jun using a 4 X 4 inch core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected rice water weevil (RWW) larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Plots were harvested on 11 Sep using a Kubota combine. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% moisture for determination of yield. Rice water weevil larval data were log transformed to improve normality before being subjected to analysis of variance. The experimental and sam-pling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Treatment means were separated using protected least significant difference (LSD) at P = 0.05.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil in a Water-Seeded, Continuous Flood Culture, 1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 4 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and treated with Odram 15G at 27 lb product/acre. Fertilizer and herbicide were incorporated into dry soil (League clay) with a rake. Pre-plant incorporated (ppi) treatments were applied to dry soil of designated plots with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray boom pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 29.7 gpa. These treatments were also incorporated into dry soil with a rake. Plots were permanently flooded (flood depth about 4 inches) on 5 Apr and hand-planted with sprouted seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre. To prepare sprouted seed, untreated seed (with no fungicides, insecticides, etc.) was soaked in water for 24 h, drained, and air-dried for another 24 h. Seed treatments were applied to sprouted seed according to the attached protocol provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. On 17 Apr, rice emerged through the water (12 d after planting). On 25 Apr (8 d after rice emergence through water), Furadan 3G was applied to designated plots with a hand-held shaker jar. On each of 16 May and 11 Jun (19 and 45 d after rice emergence through water), five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and inspected for immature RWW. On 6 Jun (at panicle differentiation), rice was fertilized with urea at 57 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied for the growing season was 170 lb/acre. At maturity (29 Jul), plots were harvested with a small plot combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil With Fipronil Applied Post-Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Cul-Ture,1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 9 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 10 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same day, dry plots were planted by hand with dry seed at 90 lb/acre. Designated plots received fipronil-treated seed which was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into the soil (League clay) with a rake. Plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24 h then drain) following incorporation. Rice emerged 19 Apr. From emergence of rice through the soil to application of the permanent flood on 10 May (21 d after rice emergence), plots were flush irrigated as needed. On 30 Apr, plots were treated with Stam 4E and Basagran at 4.0 and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. Immediately prior to the permanent flood, plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same date and before the permanent flood, designated plots were treated with a fipronil spray treatment using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2 Final spray volume was 34.8 gpa. This treatment was not incorporated. Designated plots were also treated with fipronil, Dimilin 25 WP, and Karate 1EC spray treatments at the rates and specific times after the permanent flood as described in the accompanying table. These treatments were applied as above. Furadan 3G was applied to designated plots at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre 11 d after the permanent flood with a hand-held shaker jar. Plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre on 10 Jun; thus, total nitrogen applied to the plots for the entire growing season was 170 lb/acre. On each of 4 Jun and 3 Jul, five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Cores were washed and inspected for immature RWW. At maturity, plots were harvested (19 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5. All data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil on Dry-Seeded Rice with Diflubenzuron at Beaumont,1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides. On 19 Apr plots were broadcast planted by hand into a dry seed bed (League clay soil) at 90 lb seed/acre and fertilized with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre. Seed and fertilizer were incorporated with a rake followed by a flush irrigation (temporary flood for 24 h then drain). Rice emerged 27 Apr. From emergence to application of the permanent flood on 18 May (21 d after emergence), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 9 May Facet 75DF, Bolero 8EC, and Basagran were applied at 0.67 lb, 3 pt, and 1.5 pt/acre, respectively. Rice was fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre immediately before the permanent flood. Diflubenzuron treatments were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 37 gpa. Furadan 3G was applied with a hand-held shaker jar. On each of 14 Jun and 31 Jul (27 d and 74 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood) five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. Plots were fertilized at panicle differentiation (19 Jun) with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. Thus, total applied nitrogen/acre was 170 lb. Plots were harvested with a small plot combine on 4 Sep. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5. All data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Soybean Looper on Soybean with Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1995
Authors: Young S. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Commercial B. thuringiensis product were evaluated in two trials against SL on soybean in Lafayette Co., Arkansas. Treatments in Trials 1 and 2 were applied on 23 and 26 Sep, respectively with a backpack CO2 sprayer equipped with a four-row boom (1 nozzle per row) using TX-6 nozzles at 3.0 mph and calibrated to deliver 10 gpa. Wate-used for mixing insecticides had a pH of 7.0. An RCB design with four replicates was used. Soybean was planted in late Jun. At application time, soy beans were primarily in the R-5, 6 developmental stage in both trials and were approximately 33 and 27 inch in height in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. Plot-were 8 rows with 20 inch spacing X 75 ft in length. Plots were separated by 2-row buffers on their sides and 15-ft buffers at their ends. Treatments wen evaluated at 4 and 7 DAT by shaking larvae from plants onto a 1-yd length of cloth spread between the rows. A 3-ft sample was taken from each of 2 rows and larvae on the cloth were counted. Larvae in the population were primarily instars 2-3 and 3-4 in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. No rainfall occurred dur ing Trial 1 and approximately 1 inch on day 6 in Trial 2. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Controlling Tobacco Aphids on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1996
Authors: Taylor J. Delano , Crowe Bert D. , McPherson Robert M. , Bundy C. Scott 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco, variety K-326, was transplanted on 10 Apr at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station Bowen Farm. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines and included a preplant tank mixture of Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, and Nemacur for nematode suppression. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 pounds of acre. Plots 2 rows wide (44-inch row spacing) by 20 ft long were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were separated on each side with one fallow border row and on each end with a 6 ft wide alley. Two Orthene attransplant treatments were applied in the transplant water at transplanting. On 30 May, 9 foliar insecticide treatments were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 24.5 gpa at 40 psi. The number of live aphids on plants 2, 4 and 6 of the second row was recorded from each plot prior to treatment (Pre-t) and 4,7,14 and 21 days after treatment (DAT). Plants 2-11 on the second row were harvested on 21 Jun and cured weights determined by factoring out the moisture content. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05).
Gaucho as an Aphicide in Winter Wheat, 1996A
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded by large plot drill on 14 Sep (60 lb/acre) at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho 480 was applied at 3 rates as seed treatment: 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 oz (AI)/cwt. An untreated plot served as the check. Plots were 45 X 354 ft replicated 5 times in a RCB design. The experiment was designed to measure: 1) the impact of aphids on winter wheat yields; and 2) the value of Gaucho as an aphicide in winter wheat. Treatments were evaluated at 15, 30, 50, 100, and 150 days after emergence (DAE) by visual examination for aphid species per tiller plus number of aphids per tiller. At maturity, the crop was harvested by cutting 12 X 354 ft strips from each replicate with a MH-55 combine. Mean grain yields in bushel and test weight (tw) were calculated per acre for each replicate.
Red Imported Fire Ant Control in Bahiagrass Pastures, 1996
Authors: Flanders K. L. , Farrior O. F. , DeLamar Z. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Test 1, located in Atmore, AL, was a RCB design with two replications, each block being in two adjacent, closely grazed bahiagrass paddocks on sandy, Coastal Plain soil. Plot size was 5-8 acres per plot, dictated by the irregular shape of the paddocks. The insecticide Amdro was applied in late afternoon on 16 May 1995 with a Solo brand backpack mistblower, in 20 ft wide swaths (within-swath rate of 3 lb bait/acre), alternating with 20 ft untreated swaths. Treatments were evaluated 16 May, 14 Jun, and 12 Oct 1995, and 7 Aug 1996, by counting number of active fire ant mounds in one, 60 ft by 200 ft transect, randomly located in each plot. The same transect was used on each evaluation in 1995. A new transect was located in each plot in 1996. The transect ran across swaths in the treated plots. A thin rod was inserted with minimal disturbance into each mound, to determine colony activity. Test 2, located in Brewton, AL, was a CRB design with two replications in a bahiagrass pasture. The paddocks were on sandy, Coastal Plain soil. Plot size ranged from 1.5-2.5 acres per plot, dictated by the irregular shape of the pasture. The insecticide was applied in afternoon on 30 Apr 1996 with a Herd GT77-A spreader, at a within swath rate of 1.5 lb bait/acre. Insecticide was applied in alternating 30 ft wide swaths, or as a conventional broadcast treatment. Treatments were evaluated 24 May and 7 Aug 1996, using same methods as in Test 1.
Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses, 1995B
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairways 11, 13 and 16 at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Mole crickets were midinstar nymphs. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 2,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 19 Sep. Granular formulations were applied with a Scotts ProTurf, hand-pushed spreader. Liquid and wettable powder formulations were applied with a Solo Knapsack sprayer using a fan nozzle at 25 psi, and a spray volume of 2 gal per 2,000 ft2. Rainfall from 19 Sep to 10 Oct was a total of 13.33 inches during this study. All plots except Orthene plots received 0.25 inch water within 1 h after applications. Orthene plots received 0.25 inch water immediately prior to application. Mole cricket damage was rated using a 1 m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground at 10 locations/replicate. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made on 19 Sep and post-treatment counts were made on 26 Sep and 3, 10 and 17 Oct.
Springtime Control of Adult Mole Crickets on Golf Course Fairways, 1996
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of five insecticide formulations applied at various rates were evaluated for adult mole cricket control on an infested fairway at the Fox Squirrel Country Club in Brunswick County. Plots 25 ft X 25 ft were established in areas showing moderate adult surface tunneling activity. Each treatment was replicated four times and randomly assigned to the plots. The fairway was irrigated prior to application and all insecticides were applied on 22 Apr using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 30 gpa. Soil temperature (4 inch) was 75°F and air temperature was 74°F. Soil at the test site was classified as a Manderin fine sand with a pH of 6.3 with 0.6% humic matter. Post application irrigation (0.25 inch) was applied to the entire test area prior to the application of the Orthene 75S treatment. The Orthene 75S treatment was applied late in the day and was not irrigated after application. Examination of the plots the next day revealed that adults were active at the test site the night following application. The second application of the split application Talstar Flowable treatment was applied after irrigation on 21 May and was followed by a 0.25 inch of fairway irrigation and a moderate rain. Control was evaluated using the damage grid evaluation method (Mack and Cobb 1989) with five damage grid ratings per plot on each sampling date. Plots were evaluated for fresh damage on 6 and 21 May, 4 and 20 Jun (14, 29, 43 and 59 DAT respectively). The actual damage means for each sampling date are reported in the table. All data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to ANOVA and Tukey’s Studentized Range Test.
Management of Black Cutworm Larvae with Reduced Rates of Chlorpyrifos and Experimental Formulations on Creeping Bentgrass, 1996
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 6 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at University Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 454 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. Treatments were applied on 1 Aug following artificial infestation of the research area with 2nd and 3rd instar black cutworms. An average of 18/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 30 Jul prior to treatment. At treatment time (1 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 62°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 63°F; RH, 90%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis; 52.7% sand, 35.0% silt, 12.3% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 25.1%; organic matter, 3.1%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.9; time of application, early-morning; and clear skies. Post-treatment counts were recorded 2 DAT (3 Aug), 7 DAT (8 Aug), and 15 DAT (16 Aug) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. All treatments provided significant reduction of black cutworm larvae 2 DAT and 16 DAT. All but the two reduced rates of chlorpyrifos provided significant reduction of black cutworm 7 DAT. No phytotoxicity was noted.