bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of Four-Muscle Tenotomy Surgery for Nystagmus
Authors: Dubner Michael , Nelson Leonard B. , Gunton Kammi B. , Lavrich Judith , Schnall Bruce , Wasserman Barry N. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To document prospectively the effect of four-muscle tenotomy surgery on visual acuity (VA) and nystagmus intensity and assess, by the use of a questionnaire, the experience of adult patients and the parents of children who have had the four-muscle tenotomy procedure for nystagmus in the absence of strabismus or an anomalous head position. The qualitative perceived benefits or lack thereof from the procedure were compared to the subjective effects on nystagmus intensity and VA.

Methods:
Fifteen patients diagnosed as having congenital/infantile or acquired nystagmus, including albinism or other visual sensory disorders without anomalous head positions or coexisting strabismus, were included in this study. The changes in preoperative and postoperative VA and nystagmus were evaluated based on clinical and perceptual measurements and video recordings.

Results:

All 15 patients had preoperative and postoperative ophthalmological examinations. One patient had a postoperative conjunctival cyst, which was successfully removed. Fourteen patients (93%) showed clinical VA improvement in at least one eye. Fourteen patients were video recorded preoperatively and postoperatively to analyze their nystagmus intensity; case 9 was not included. Postoperatively, 10 patients (71%) showed a decrease in nystagmus intensity. Thirteen patients (87%) perceived vision improvement and 11 patients (73%) perceived a decrease in nystagmus intensity. All patients experienced either clinically improved VA or a decrease in nystagmus intensity. Fourteen patients (93%) perceived either improved VA or a decrease in nystagmus intensity. The preoperative and postoperative changes in VA (
P
= .002) and nystagmus intensity (
P
= .043) were both statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The authors have shown that four-muscle tenotomy surgery for nystagmus can improve VA and decrease nystagmus intensity. The study yielded subjective patient satisfaction, modest objective improvement in VA, and no significant complications.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(1):16–21.]
Spontaneous Regression of Over-elevation in Adduction Following Esotropia Surgery
Authors: Göncü Tugba , Akal Ali , Adibelli Fatih Mehmet , Çakmak Sevim , Düsünür Mehmet 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the course of over-elevation in adduction in patients who had esotropia following correction of horizontal deviation.

Methods:
The review of the medical files identified 28 patients who had esotropia with over-elevation in adduction. Data collected from the patients' full ophthalmological examinations included visual acuity, ocular alignment, duction, versions and sensory tests for binocularity and stereopsis, cycloplegic retinoscopy, and fundus evaluation. Oblique muscle function was graded on a scale of −4 to +4. The primary outcome measure was the amount of improvement in over-elevation in adduction following esotropia surgery.

Results:

Of the 28 patients (mean age: 53.5 ± 53.7 months), 13 were males and 15 were females. Of these, 22 (78.6%) had infantile esotropia and 6 (21.4%) had partial accommodative esotropia. The mean follow-up was 16.3 ± 7.9 months. All patients underwent bilateral medial rectus recession for correction of esotropia. The mean preoperative inferior oblique overaction was +2.1 ± 0.7 and the final postoperative value was +0.8 ± 0.9 (
P
< .001). There was a statistically significant decrease in postoperative over-elevation in adduction at all postoperative visits compared to the preoperative value (
P
< .001 at 3- and 6-month and final visits). Over-elevation in adduction regressed in 42 eyes (80.8%). Of these, 18 eyes (34.6%) completely resolved without any additional surgery to the inferior oblique muscle.

Conclusions:
Spontaneous regression in over-elevation in adduction was observed after esotropia surgery without additional inferior oblique weakening surgery. This may affect presurgical evaluation of and surgical planning for patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(1):35–39.]
Clinical Preoperative and Postoperative Symptoms of Exotropia
Authors: Ha Suk-Gyu , Kim Seung-Hyun 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To examine clinical preoperative and postoperative symptoms and changes in exotropia according to constancy and age.

Methods:
A survey was conducted of 50 patients on the day before and 1 month after exotropia surgery. Survey results were analyzed by type of exotropia at presentation and age. Changes in subjective symptoms from preoperatively to postoperatively were examined for stereopsis (5 items), asthenopia (5 items), and appearance (5 items). Each item was rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 to 4.

Results:

The mean age of the 50 patients was 10.6 ± 7.75 years, and there were 21 (41.2%) males and 29 (56.9%) females. Thirty-two patients with intermittent exotropia had no significant improvement in the stere-opsis or asthenopia symptoms. However, they showed significant (
P
< .05) improvement in the appearance symptoms of squint and out of focus. Eighteen patients with constant exotropia showed significant improvements in the symptoms of tripping over objects or running into a wall in stereopsis and of squint and out of focus in appearance (
P
< .05). Postoperatively, all patients had significant improvement in appearance-related symptoms regardless of age (
P
< .05).

Conclusions:
Patients with constant exotropia had improved symptoms in stereopsis, asthenopia, and appearance after surgery. Appearance was improved regardless of the type of exotropia or age.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2016;53(1):44-51.]
Immunohistochemical markers of neural progenitor cells in the early embryonic human cerebral cortex
Authors: Vinci L. , Ravarino A. , Fanos V. , Naccarato A.G. , Senes G. , Gerosa C. , Bevilacqua G. , Faa G. , Ambu R. 
Published: February 2016

The development of the human central nervous system represents a delicate moment of embryogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of multiple immunohistochemical markers in the stem/progenitor cells in the human cerebral cortex during the early phases of development. Â To this end, samples from cerebral cortex were obtained from 4 human embryos of 11 weeks of gestation. Each sample was formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded and immunostained with several markers including GFAP, WT1, Nestin, Vimentin, CD117, S100B, Sox2, PAX2, PAX5, TÎ²4, Neurofilament, CD44, CD133, Synaptophysin and Cyclin D1. Our study shows the ability of the different immunohistochemical markers to evidence different zones of the developing human cerebral cortex, allowing the identification of the multiple stages of differentiation of neuronal and glial precursors. Three important markers of radial glial cells are evidenced in this early gestational age: Vimentin, Nestin and WT1. Sox2 was expressed by the stem/progenitor cells of the ventricular zone, whereas the postmitotic neurons of the cortical plate were immunostained by PAX2 and NSE. Future studies are needed to test other important stem/progenitor cells markers and to better analyze differences in the immunohistochemical expression of these markers during gestation.
Simultaneous Additive Equations: Repeated and Differing Degrees
Authors: Brandes Julia , Parsell Scott T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We obtain bounds for the number of variables required to establish Hasse
principles, both for the existence of solutions and for asymptotic formulæ, for
systems of additive equations containing forms of differing degree but also
multiple forms of like degree. Apart from the very general estimates of Schmidt
and Browning–Heath–Brown, which give weak results when specialized to the diagonal
situation, this is the first result on such “hybrid” systems. We also obtain
specialized results for systems of quadratic and cubic forms, where we are able to
take advantage of some of the stronger methods available in that setting. In
particular, we achieve essentially square root cancellation for systems consisting
of one cubic and r quadratic equations.
Issues in the Estimation of Dynamic Happiness Models: A Comment on “Does Childhood Predict Adult Life Satisfaction?”
Authors: Piper Alan T. , Pugh Geoffrey T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper offers methodological comments on a recent (November 2014) Economic Journal article. The comments consider its use of a dynamic model – the inclusion of a lagged dependent variable – and its approach to estimation. By way of critique, the authors highlight general issues regarding dynamic panel analysis that are still less fully appreciated in the economics of happiness literature than elsewhere in economics and other quantitative social sciences. This discussion of methodological issues arising from dynamic estimation may be of practical assistance to researchers new to the field and/or to dynamic modelling.
Estimating spatially distributed soil water content at small watershed scales based on decomposition of temporal anomaly and time stability analysis
Authors: Hu W. , Si B. C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Soil water content (SWC) is crucial to rainfall-runoff response at the watershed scale. A model was used to decompose the spatiotemporal SWC into a time-stable pattern (i.e., temporal mean), a space-invariant temporal anomaly, and a space-variant temporal anomaly. The space-variant temporal anomaly was further decomposed using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for estimating spatially distributed SWC. This model was compared to a previous model that decomposes the spatiotemporal SWC into a spatial mean and a spatial anomaly, with the latter being further decomposed using the EOF. These two models are termed the temporal anomaly (TA) model and spatial anomaly (SA) model, respectively. We aimed to test the hypothesis that underlying (i.e., time-invariant) spatial patterns exist in the space-variant temporal anomaly at the small watershed scale, and to examine the advantages of the TA model over the SA model in terms of the estimation of spatially distributed SWC. For this purpose, a data set of near surface (0–0.2 m) and root zone (0–1.0 m) SWC, at a small watershed scale in the Canadian Prairies, was analyzed. Results showed that underlying spatial patterns exist in the space-variant temporal anomaly because of the permanent controls of static factors such as depth to the CaCO3 layer and organic carbon content. Combined with time stability analysis, the TA model improved the estimation of spatially distributed SWC over the SA model, especially for dry conditions. Further application of these two models demonstrated that the TA model outperformed the SA model at a hillslope in the Chinese Loess Plateau, but the performance of these two models in the GENCAI network (∼  250 km2) in Italy was equivalent. The TA model can be used to construct a high-resolution distribution of SWC at small watershed scales from coarse-resolution remotely sensed SWC products.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows on Capital Account of India’s Balance of Payments
Authors: Rahman Mohd Nayyer 
Published: February 2016

<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">Transfer of capital from one country to another has been unrestricted in the present era of globalisation. The capital transfer may take one form or the other. One of the forms of capital transfer is Foreign Direct Investment Inflows (FDI Inflows) and it is an integral determinant of Capital for developing countries. FDI means the investment of funds by a foreign entity (particularly a Transnational or Multinational Company) by creating new equity base in host or home economy or vice versa. As FDI Inflow is a macroeconomic variable, it is represented in the balance sheet of the country known as Balance of Payments (BOP). The balance of payments of a country is a systematic record of all economic transactions between the residents of the reporting country and residents of foreign countries during a given period of time. To identify the happenings in the international payments, a record of the transactions between countries is necessary. The record of such transactions is made in the balance of payments account. The paper aims to measure the impact of FDI Inflows on Capital Account of India’s BOP. The time period for the study is 1991-1992 to 2014-15. </span></p>
A TRADUÇÃO COMO PARADIGMA PARA O DIÁLOGO INTER-RELIGIOSO
Authors: Salles Walter Ferreira 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>R</span><span>ESUMO </span></p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este trabalho aborda a relação entre hospitalidade linguística e hospitalidade de convicção religiosa. Para tanto, estabelece-se uma simetria entre língua e religião, ou seja, da mesma maneira que pertenço de modo particular a uma língua, embora consciente da pluralidade de expressões, também pertenço particularmente a uma tradição religiosa dentre tantas outras. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar como a reflexão de Paul Ricoeur sobre o paradigma da tradução pode contribuir com o debate em torno do diálogo inter-religioso que é vivido na tensão entre hospitalidade e hostilidade diante do estrangeiro. </span></p><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-C</span><span>HAVE</span><span>: Estrangeiro. Hospitalidade. Religião. Tradução. </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>This work addresses the relationship between linguistic hospitality and religious hospitality. Therefore, sets up a symmetry between language and religion, that is, the same way that I belong in a particular way to a language, although aware of the plurality of expressions, I also belong in a unique way to a religious tradition among many others. The objective of this work is to show how the Ricoeur’s thought about the translation paradigm can contribute to the debate on interreligious dialogue that is lived in the tension between hospitality and hostility to strangers. </span></p><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Foreign. Hospitalit. Religion. Translation. </span></p></div></div></div>
AS MUITAS VOZES DO PRESIDENTE DA CELEBRAÇÃO EUCARÍSTICA
Authors: F. Dalla-Déa Paulo 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>O texto mostra como o presidente de uma celebração vibra – mesmo sem saber – diversas vozes ao mesmo tempo, enquanto celebra: os elementos básicos da celebração eucarística, a gestualidade que se reveste sua própria voz e a voz da comunidade, a voz da Igreja, enquanto Magistério, a voz de Cristo e outras vozes não oficiais, inaugurando diálogos que continuam dentro e fora da celebração em si. A partir da visão bakhtiniana, o texto visa ler o desempenho litúrgico do celebrante com outra ótica, integrando olhares novos e colocando em perspectiva ângulos novos da persona do presidente. Não são olhares conflitantes, mas que podem ser sobrepostos e mostram em camadas os elementos diversos que compõe a persona de um presidente. Essa nova possibilidade de interpretação mostra o quanto é complexo e rico a presidência de uma assembleia celebrativa.</p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-</span><span>CHAVES</span><span>: </span><span>Celebração. Presidência. Vozes. Eucaristia. Bakhtin </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>The text showing how the president of Eucharistic celebration vibrate – in no conscientious way – performing many voices in the same time, when celebrating: basic elements of Eucharistic celebration, the gestural performance, the own voice and the community voice, the Official Catholic voice, the Christ’s voice and other non-officially voices.This way inaugurates dialogues in and out celebration. </span><span>From Bakhtin's view, the text aims to read the liturgical performance of the celebrant with another point of view, integrating new insights and putting in new angles perspectives of the persona of the president. They are not in conflict looks, but that can be layered and layered show the various elements that make up the persona of a president of the liturgical assembly. This new interpretation shows how complex and rich the presidency of a celebratory assembly. </span></p><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Celebration. President. Voices. Eucharist. Bakhtin. </span></p></div></div></div>
E O VERBO FEZ-SE CARNE: A EUCARISTIA ENQUANTO ATO INSTITUINTE DO SER
Authors: Meireles Mauro 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>A eucaristia é um rito católico que visa reafirmar a fé cristã. O presente texto ocupa-se, portanto, da eucaristia enquanto ato instituinte do ser e busca pensar o referido rito a partir da perspectiva de Mikhail Bakhtin. Desta feita e a partir do enfoque da antropologia, se ancora em certas sínteses na medida em que, a validade daquilo que se pressupõe verdade, do ponto de vista da cognição, não depende do fato desta ser ou não ser conhecida por alguém. Pois, é o homem que une fé e rito, que une verdades da ciência e fenômenos físicos. Desta feita, tem-se então que, quando postulamos a existência de Deus a partir de certos escritos canônicos – e o reafirmamos no rito eucarístico – lhe conferimos existência e tangibilidade. Sobretudo, defende- se no decorrer do texto que a eucaristia, seja enquanto ato instituinte, seja enquanto rito, nada mais é do que uma enunciação de si sobre si que só tem significado, manifesto em seu conteúdo- sentido, se enunciado por aquele que experimenta e executa o ato.</p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-C</span><span>HAVE</span><span>: </span><span>Eucaristia. Rito Eucarístico. Mikhail Bakhtin. Rito e Fé. Antropologia da Religião. </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>Eucharist is a Catholic rite that aims to reaffirm the Christian faith. This paper analyzes the Eucharist rite as instituted act of being and aims think that rite in the Mikhail Bakhtin ́s perspective. So, from an anthropology's approach, it is based in some perspectives that recognize validity in of what is assumed true, in a cognition point of view, depends on whether this is or is not known to anyone. That is because the man is the one who unites faith and rite, truths of science and physical phenomena. Therefore, when we postulate the existence of God from certain canonical writings - and reaffirm the Eucharistic rite, we give him existence and tangibility. Most of all, this text argued that the Eucharist is as instituted act or a rite, is nothing more than a statement of itself that only has meaning, manifest in their content-sense, if enunciated by one who experience and performs the act. </span></p><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Eucharist. Eucharistic rite. Mikhail Bakhtin. Ritual and faith. Anthropology of Religion </span></p></div></div></div>
EUCARISTIA E DIALOGISMO NA SACRAMENTUM CARITATIS
Authors: Branco Nanci Moreira , Martins Filho José Reinaldo F. 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>Ao longo de nossa pesquisa temos realçado as diferentes maneiras de nos aproximarmos do discurso religioso, sobretudo em vista do que entendemos por seu caráter ideológico e repleto de dialogismos. Neste trabalho, partiremos do que é desenvolvido por Bakhtin e seu círculo ao tratarem o discurso como uma construção dinâmica e responsiva. Em suma, trata-se de analisar a relação entre Eucaristia e dialogismo, tomando como objeto a exortação apostólica Sacramentum Caritatis, do atual papa emérito Bento XVI. Entre outros, serão demonstrados elementos tais como, o aspecto alegórico da Eucaristia como rito, cujo significado vai muito além do nível meramente conceitual. Além disso, também serão realçadas algumas questões polêmicas e sua relação com o dialogismo ao longo do documento, entre elas: a Eucaristia e a questão da verdade no cristianismo, a Eucaristia e a indissolubilidade do matrimônio, a Eucaristia e a defesa da vida humana e o sentido do repouso e do trabalho. Em suma, pretendemos contribuir no fortalecimento das discussões e da compreensão em torno do tema proposto, bem como dos demais interesses que lhe são correlatos, num entrelaçamento de vozes as quais esta pesquisa também deseja suscitar.</p><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-C</span><span>HAVE</span><span>: </span><span>Dialogismo. Eucaristia. Bakhtin. </span><span>Sacramentum Caritatis</span><span>. </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>Over the course of our research we have highlighted the different ways to approach the religious discourse, especially in view of what we mean by ideological and full of character dialogismos. In this work we leave than is developed by Bakhtin and his circle to treat the speech as a dynamic and responsive construction. In short, it is to analyze the relationship between the Eucharist and dialogism taking as objectSacramentum Caritatis the Apostolic Exhortation, the current Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI. Among others, elements will be demonstrated such as the allegorical aspect of the Eucharist as a rite whose meaning goes beyond the merely conceptual level. Also, they will also be highlighted some controversial issues and their relationship to dialogism throughout the document, including: the Eucharist and the question of truth in Christianity, the Eucharist and the indissolubility of marriage, the Eucharist and the defense of human life and sense of home and work. In short, we aim to contribute to the strengthening of discussions and understanding around the proposed theme as well as other interests that are related in an interweaving of voices which this research would also like to raise. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Dialogism. Eucharist. Bakhtin</span><span>. Sacramentum Caritatis </span></p></div></div></div><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div>
Perceptions of Prophylactic Mastectomy in Korea
Authors: Yoon Han Young , Shim Jeong Su , Lee Jong Won 
Published: February 2016

Background Increasingly, prophylactic mastectomy has been evaluated as a treatment of breast cancer. Hereditary breast cancer now accounts for approximately 5%–10% of all cases of breast cancer, meaning that the widespread implementation of prophylactic mastectomy may significantly reduce the occurrence of breast cancer. However, prophylactic mastectomy is rarely performed in Korea. Therefore, in this study, we assessed Koreans' attitudes toward and awareness of preventive mastectomy.Methods This was a prospective study of a cohort of patients attending outpatient clinics and their relatives. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires assessing sex, age, educational level, knowledge of breast cancer, understanding of prophylactic mastectomy, attitudes toward prophylactic mastectomy, and reasons for choosing prophylactic mastectomy.Results Sixty-five patients were included. Most patients (36.9%) were between 40 and 49 years of age and 58.4% were college graduates. Only six respondents (9%) understood prophylactic mastectomy, and 17 respondents (27%) stated that they would agree to undergo prophylactic mastectomy if necessary. Reasons given for refusing prophylactic mastectomy included aesthetic concerns (38%), the perception that it would not cure the disease (26%), possible surgical complications (24%), and financial cost (6%).Conclusions In this study, most of the respondents showed a poor knowledge of prophylactic mastectomy. Ultimately, it will be necessary to establish medical guidelines for patients with a high risk of breast cancer, with the objective of providing accurate information and proper treatment at hospitals.