bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of Human Factors and Ergonomics Education: Are Universities Providing the Skills Required for Consumer Product Design?
Authors: Miller Michael E. , Morrison H. Boyd 
Published: July 2017

This debate explored the state-of-the-art in human factors education and the skills that are desired as professionals enter industry to design consumer products. This debate addressed the specific needs of consumer product design, where a consumer product was defined as a product that is purchased by the end user and used by this person. Inherent in this definition is the fact that both the purchase and use of this product are left to the discretion of the user. Therefore, this product must not only facilitate the efficient completion of a task but also satisfy a basic user need. This debate attempted to arrive at a consensus on potential improvements to the training of individuals within the university environment, and to identify potential industry contributions to improve the quality of education of human factors and ergonomics professionals in consumer product design. This consensus was obtained by bringing together industry representatives from Fortune 500 companies and design firms with professors from prominent universities. University representatives provided a short overview of their human factors curriculum, the skills that this curriculum provides their students and views on how additional industry involvement could improve the quality of education. Industry representatives provided an overview of their organizations and the skills that are expected of new employees as they enter the work force. The debate occurred as differences were identified between the views expressed during these presentations. Among the topics debated were: 1) the importance of student internships versus additional course work, 2) the importance of general human factors principles versus extensive course work within specialized areas, 3) the need for education of theoretical knowledge versus applied training where students learn to make tradeoffs when the ideal cannot be achieved, 4) training involving communication within multidisciplinary teams versus relatively homogeneous human factors programs, 5) a focus on methods for determining consumer needs versus historical methods for determining needs of trained operators of large systems, and 6) training the human factors graduate as an evaluator of consumer products versus a creator/generator of new product concepts.
Patient's Name: Principal Rx: Teacher TO Principal
Authors: Cummings Alysa , Lowenhar Judith , Ciano Karin 
Published: July 2017

My principal paid a surprise visit to my g/c/t program last week, clipboard in hand. He wanted to do the yearly unannounced observation. The class was busily watching two students present an independent study project on unexplained phenomena. “Should I come back when you're really teaching?” he asked. Reassured that he was welcome, and that learning was indeed taking place, the principal took a seat at the back of the room. The two g/c/t students commanding center stage continued their presentation of research related to extrasensory perception using a series of handmade transparencies. A look of frustration appeared on the principal's face as he repeatedly scanned the teacher evaluation form, Cross pen in hand, and observed me merely sitting on the sidelines, a silent coach critiquing my players. The principal seemed unsure of how to evaluate such a differentiated learning experience. This incident just scratches the surface of some of the issues between the principal and myself. I need his support! What can I do to improve the relationship between the principal and the g/c/t program and me?
Nipping it in the Bud
Authors: Gross Miraca 
Published: July 2017

Your school is beginning to consider special programming for its gifted students. You firmly believe in egalitarianism and equality of educational outcome and you are horrified by the notion of giving more to those who already have it made! We offer a baker's dozen of staff-meeting strategies—field-tested internationally!—to help you nip these dangerous and elitist ideas firmly in the bud.
Defining Corporate Strengths And Weaknesses: Is It Essential for Successful Strategy Implementation?
Authors: Tse Eliza Ching-Yick 
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the importance of strategic planning, which is generally believed to lead to higher financial performance. The restaurant market appears to be saturated and the competitive environment is growing increasingly turbulent. Operators are facing tough conditions in which to try to survive. To succeed in this dynamic and increasingly competitive environment, restaurant managers must now systematically monitor trends, anticipate threats and opportunities, perform sound internal analyses of strengths and weakesses relative to the firms' capabilities and resources, and formulate effective strategies to gain a competitive advantage. A study was conducted to gain information on the strategic planning activity, and specifically the degree of internal strengths and weaknesses analysis performed by restaurant firms. One hundred and fifty randomly selected restaurant firms were sent a letter soliciting the chief executive officers' participation in the study. Telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted. Results of the survey indicated that two thirds of the firms engaged in planning activities of various degrees. A summary of how they conduct internal analysis is presented. A framework for conducting internal corporate strengths and weaknesses analysis is proposed for restaurant firms.
Importance of Managerial Accounting Skills To Lodging Managers
Authors: Damltlo James W. 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study that examined the importance of managerial accounting skills to managers in the lodging segment of the hospitality industry. The study involved 180 lodging managers. The response rate was 45 percent. The managers were asked to provide information on six demographic items including number of years in current position and size of lodging facility. The managers were also asked to rate the importance of 18 managerial accounting skills. Results indicate that the managers perceived the 18 managerial accounting skills in this study to be highly important to their jobs and that some demographic items have an impact on managers perceptions of the importance of certain managerial accounting skills.
Networking Your Computer Lab: Benefits And Pitfalls
Authors: Farsad Behshld 
Published: July 2017

Local area networks (LANs) are probably the most flexible and adaptable to customizing communications systems. LANs can virtually fit any location/site requirements. They can be tailored for any number of users, any application type and any cost/performance ratio. LANs can work with small (micro computers), medium (mini computers) and large/complex (mainframe) systems. This great flexibility which is due to several factors like, distributed architecture design, software standards, and hardware independence technology make LANs easy to use in a computer laboratory environment. Currently, many hospitality institutions are investigating the feasibility of using LANs in their computer laboratory. However, LANs are still costly, and sometimes difficult to install.
Regional Trends In Hospitality And Tourism Management; Education And Training for Careers In Tourism Management: Implications for New Course Providers
Authors: Lawry P. 
Published: July 2017

Service industries in general and the tourist industry in particular make a significant contribution to the economy of Great Britain. Over 1.1 million people are currently employed either directly or indirectly in the tourist industry and it directly accounts for 4.7 percent of all UK employment. However, the subject of education and training for careers in tourism has been poorly quantified to date and little research has been done in this field of study. Yet any policies to promote the growth of the tourist industry must depend upon adequate numbers of trained people being available at all levels within the industry. If the tourist industry is to be encouraged as a major growth area in the UK economy it is essential that there are sufficient numbers of qualified people to prepare and implement tourism development plans, manage regional and national tourist organizations and staff the many firms which make up the tourist industry. This paper is based on a study carried out for the English Tourist Board, although any views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author. It has been supplemented by more recent information on courses and course developments since 1985. “Education and training” is taken to mean educational and vocational training courses covering the whole field of further and higher education, from technical colleges through to universities, which are aimed at raising the level of skills and knowledge needed to work in the tourist industry. The study focused on the non-hotel sectors of the tourist industry because it was felt that the hotel and catering sector was well developed. However, it was felt that training in the tourist services sector is in a much earlier stage of development and has quite different manpower and training requirements. The aims of the study was to examine the existing provision of education and training courses in relation to the manpower needs of the industry, to identify shortfalls in provision and to suggest ways of meeting these short falls.
Rethinking clinical organisational structures: An attitude survey of doctors, nurses and allied health staff in clinical directorates
Authors: Braithwaite Jeffrey , Westbrook Mary 
Published: July 2017

Objectives To examine assumptions made by proponents and critics of clinical directorate (CD) structures in hospitals. Proponents argue that CDs are supported by the health professionals who constitute them and confer organisational and clinical benefits compared with traditional structural configurations. Critics deny these benefits and suggest CDs can compromise clinicians by incorporating them into management, to their cost. We investigated the attitudes of health professionals working in CDs to gather and consider evidence for these claims. Methods A questionnaire survey of 227 health professionals (78 doctors, 89 nurses and 60 allied health) in two large hospitals in Australia that had implemented CDs three years previously. Results Respondents were more negative than positive about CDs. Significant attitudinal differences were found between professions. Doctors were the most negative and held their attitudes with the greatest certainty and intensity. Allied health staff were the most positive but their attitudes tended to lack strength or certainty. Nurses’ attitudes were polarised and intense but more positive than were doctors’. Increased organisational politics was cited by 58% of respondents as CDs’ most frequent effect, followed by improved accountability (48%) and dumping hard decisions on staff (39%). Only 26% thought patient care had improved. Conclusions Clinical directorates were designed to promote team approaches and to improve patient care delivery, but the results call for a rethink of what can be expected from structural reforms in organisations.
Questions and answers
Authors: Dingwall Robert , Savy Pauline , Willis Evan 
Published: July 2017

The aim of this section is for you to identify and try to answer puzzles, especially methodological ones, in health services research and policy. Readers are invited both to submit questions that they think will be of general interest or which are particularly topical, and to offer answers to questions. Questions can be ones that you feel have not been satisfactorily answered in the existing literature, ones which relate to ‘self-evident’ definitions that need to be made problematic, or paradoxes. New questions for which we are seeking answers for the next issue of the journal appear below. We still welcome answers to previously posed questions. Answers can be up to 200 words in length and should strive for elegance. If more than one, similar, answer is provided, the criterion of choice for publication will be wit and originality. In order to try to publish answers, as far as possible, in the issue following the published question, we would like your answers by 10 January 2005. Nonetheless, we would be interested in contributions received after that date as well. Please send your answers and questions to: Gillian Parker, School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. Email: gillian.parker@nottingham.ac.uk . Fax: +44 (0)116 252 5423.
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and patterns of waterpipe use among Jordanian adults who exclusively smoke waterpipes
Authors: Eshah Nidal F , Froelicher Erika S 
Published: July 2017

Background: Widespread waterpipe smoking (WPS) is reported worldwide. Although remarkable numbers of waterpipe smokers do not smoke cigarettes, very few studies have explored the phenomenon of WPS in people who smoke water pipes exclusively. The aim of this study was to assess levels of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and patterns of WPS among Jordanian waterpipe-only smokers. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used; with 247 participants who were recruited through convenience sampling from 23 cafés offering waterpipes. An interview and self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The average age for starting WPS was 19.4 ± 5.6 years, of whom 71% started as teenagers. Participants like WPS because they like its flavor and social environment (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). The majority of participants reported that they smoked a waterpipe for the first time with their friends (66.8%), they usually smoke in the company of others (63.2%), and believe that quitting cigarettes smoking is harder than quitting WPS (61.6%). More than half (56.7%) of participants have extremely poor knowledge about the health effects of WPS. Participants who had smoked cigarettes in the past, were more knowledgeable than those who had never smoked cigarettes. The majority of participants, and specifically women, have high positive feelings and emotions (attitude) toward WPS, and 88.3% of them reported that it is a socially acceptable behavior. Conclusions: Waterpipe smoking participants started WPS at an early age, and are attracted to the social environment that accompanies WPS. Participants have high positive attitude about WPS however they lack knowledge about harmful health effects of WPS.
Attitudes about Organ and Tissue Donation among the General Public and Blood Donors in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Philip K. T. , Lin C. K. , Lam Peggo K. W. , Szeto C. C. , Lau Joseph T. F. , Cheung Liza , Wong Monita , Chan Andrew Y. T. , Ko W. M. 
Published: July 2017

Context The cadaveric organ and tissue donation rate in Hong Kong is not satisfactory; 1 million blood donors are registered and more than 300 000 are active. However, the current attitudes toward organ and tissue donation in the general public and blood donors of Hong Kong are unknown. Methods Random general public (n = 1018) and blood donors (n = 1227) of Chinese origin, with age ranging from 16 to 60 years, were interviewed using a standard verified questionnaire that examines attitudes and knowledge of organ and tissue donation. Results The mean age of the general public and blood donors were 32.6 and 28.9 years, respectively. Of the general public, 44.4% were men and among blood donors, 60% were men. About 56% of both groups thought that organ donation is an obligation of citizens. Blood donors were more aware than the general public about the types of organs that can be donated. When compared with the general public, a significantly higher percentage of blood donors were willing to donate their organs (81% vs 53%), had heard about organ donation cards (98.3% vs 89.5%), and had signed the cards (49.9% vs 22.6%). About 70% of both groups who had signed a card were carrying it. Thirty-nine percent of the general public and 17% of blood donors had not decided whether they would donate. For blood donors, 49.7% were willing to donate their relatives' organs, compared with 41.8% of the general public. Most individuals in both groups would not object to their relatives' decision to donate. About two thirds of individuals in both groups disagreed with the concept of an opt-out law, though only 20% of the general public and 14.4% of blood donors would refuse donation if an opt-out law were in practice. Conclusions This study shows that blood donors have better knowledge of organ donation and are more willing to donate their organs and sign an organ donation card than the general public. However, a substantial proportion of blood donors have not signed a donor card. It would be useful to design promotion programs to facilitate blood donors' participation in organ donation.
Retrospective Clinical Comparison of Celsior Solution to Modified Blood Wallwork Solution in Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Baron O. , Fabre S. , Haloun A. , Treilhaud M. , Habasch O. Al , Duveau D. , Michaud J. L. , Despins P. 
Published: July 2017

Objective To compare the preservative effects of Celsior solution and modified blood Wallwork solution in lung transplantation. Methods From 1989 to 2000, 44 lung transplantations for cystic fibrosis were performed: 26 grafts were preserved with modified blood Wallwork solution and 18 with Celsior solution. Results Preoperative status of the 2 groups was similar. The ratio of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen and the pulmonary vascular resistance on the first postoperative day did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Early death was 4% (SD, 20%) in the Wallwork group versus 11% (SD, 32%) in the Celsior group (not significant). No death was related to graft failure. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second during the first month after transplantation was 63% (SD, 19%) in the Wallwork group versus 63% (SD, 16%) in the Celsior group (not significant). Conclusion Because the solution does not need to be prepared on site and does not require blood from the donor, Celsior seems better than Wallwork solution for preserving lung grafts.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors before Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Rice Muriel , Martin Judy , Hathaway Donna , Tolley Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

Context Assessing the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step in developing risk profiles and individualizing interventions to reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of kidney transplant recipients. Objective To examine the prevalence of pretransplant modifiable, potentially modifiable, and nonmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients who received kidney transplants between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1996. Design An exploratory, retrospective nested case-control design was employed to assess pretransplant cardiovascular risk factors in kidney transplant recipients with documented posttransplant cardiovascular events (n=12) and kidney transplant recipients with no documented posttransplant cardiovascular events (n=66). Data were analyzed using frequencies, unpaired t tests, and χ2 analyses. Results Significantly higher means of body mass index values greater than 25 kg/m2 (32.3±5.8 kg/m2 vs 28.8±3.4 kg/m2) and serum total cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dL (254.5±5.7 mg/dL vs 242.3±39.3 mg/dL) were noted in patients with documented cardiovascular events compared to those with no documented cardiovascular events, respectively. Diabetes was more prevalent in patients with documented cardiovascular events (33%); these patients were also predominantly African American men who had a higher prevalence of family and personal histories of cardiovascular disease (17% and 33%).
Presumed Consent and other Predictors of Cadaveric Organ Donation in Europe
Authors: Gimbel Ronald W. , Strosberg Martin A. , Lehrman Susan E. , Gefenas Eugenijus , Taft Frank 
Published: July 2017

Context Few studies on presumed consent and environmental predictors of cadaveric organ donation in Europe have been published. Objective To determine if a presumed consent policy and other variables can be used to predict the cadaveric organ donation rate per million population. Design Secondary analysis of published data. Setting Europe. Participants The unit of analysis for this study is the individual country. Main Outcome Measure Cadaveric organ donation rate per million population. Results Original and transformed data were subjected to ordinary least-squares regression. All 4 independent variables were significant predictors of cadaveric donation rate, including (1) having a presumed consent (opting-out) policy in practice, (2) number of transplant centers per million population, (3) percentage of the population enrolled in third-tier education, and (4) percentage of population that is Roman Catholic. Conclusion Findings may be useful to academics and professionals responsible for organ procurement. Additional research is necessary for practical application of findings. Generalizing these findings beyond Europe may be problematic because of external validity constraints.
Reproductive and Contraceptive Characteristics of Premenopausal Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kramer Holly J. Mattix , Tolkoff-Rubin Nina E. , Williams Winfred W. , Cosimi A. Benedict , Pascual Manuel A. 
Published: July 2017

Objective To obtain information on menstrual patterns before and after transplantation, desire for future pregnancy, and use of contraception among premenopausal kidney transplant recipients. Study Design This observational study collected information using self-administered anonymous questionnaires during a routine outpatient clinic visit. Results Of the 107 women who completed the questionnaire, 41 identified themselves as being premenopausal. Among the 41 premenopausal women, approximately half of the women reported their current menstrual patterns as normal and 26% were not using any form of contraception. Overall, 10 women (24%) reported a desire to become pregnant and 4 women (10%) had a successful pregnancy after transplantation. Most of the women who desired a future pregnancy (8/10) were receiving an immunosuppressive regimen that included mycophenolate mofetil. Conclusion Kidney transplantation in the current era is associated with a return of normal menstrual function in the majority of female transplant recipients. A substantial fraction of women desire pregnancy after transplantation and many are using an immunosuppressive drug with limited safety data on use during pregnancy. More caution should be used with the use of newer immunosuppressive agents in sexually active premenopausal transplant recipients until more safety data are available.