bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of multi-day antiemetic treatment for patients undergoing multi-day chemotherapy: A systematic review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023 from Japan Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: Nakashima Kazuhisa , Harashima Saki , Kaneko Rena , Tanaka Ryuhei , Abe Masakazu , Wada Makoto , Iino Keiko , Akechi Tatuso , Iihara Hirotoshi , Imamura Chiyo K. , Okuyama Ayako , Ozawa Keiko , Kim Yong-il , Satomi Eriko , Takeda Masayuki , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Nakamura Naoki , Nishimura Junichi , Noda Mayumi , Hayashi Kazumi , Higashi Takahiro , Boku Narikazu , Matsumoto Koji , Matsumoto Yoko , Okita Kenji , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Aogi Kenjiro , Sasaki Hidenori 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
A standardized multi-day antiemetic regimen for multi-day chemotherapy remains elusive. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of multi-day antiemetic regimens in patients undergoing undergoing multi-day intravenous chemotherapy
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web databases for relevant studies published from January 1990 to December 2020. We included studies comparing multi-day and single-day antiemetic regimens for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Results
No studies directly comparing multi-day versus single-day antiemetic regimens were found. Despite expanding control group criteria beyond “single-day antiemetic therapy” limited high-quality studies and variations in cancer types, chemotherapy regimens, and antiemetic treatments precluded meta-analysis. Among the included studies, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on complete response and vomiting rates. Two studies comparing two- and three-drug combinations reported higher complete response and no-vomiting rates with the three-drug regimen. Limited RCTs explored “nausea control” and “cost,” and assessing “adverse events” proved challenging due to inconsistent reporting.
Conclusion
Research on multi-day antiemetic therapy is limited, necessitating further investigation. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that three-drug combination therapy, including aprepitant, may offer superior antiemetic efficacy compared to two-drug regimens. Multi-day antiemetic therapy is strongly recommended during multi-day intravenous administration of cytotoxic anticancer drugs.
Differences of left ventricular hemodynamic forces in athletes and patients with hypertension: A feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance study.
Authors: Jumadilova Dinara , Rakhmanov Yeltay , Khissamutdinov Nail , Zhankorazova Aizhan , Toktarbay Bauyrzhan , Khamitova Zaukiya , Zholshybek Nurmakhan , Bekbossynova Makhabbat , Dautov Tairkhan , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Tonti Giovanni , Salustri Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

By assessing left ventricular hemodynamic forces (HDF) during different phases of the cardiac cycle, we aimed to provide insights into the cardiac adaptations in athletes as compared to patients with hypertension. Sixty athletes and 48 hypertensive patients were studied using cardiac magnetic resonance. HDF were measured during the entire cardiac cycle, the systolic phase (including systolic impulse and elastic rebound), suction, early LV filling, and atrial thrust. Statistical comparisons of HDF parameters were made between athletes and hypertensive patients, and between endurance and strength athletes. The slope of the systolic ejection was significantly higher in athletes compared to hypertensive patients (541.5 vs 435 1/sec; p = 0.033). Athletes showed higher HDF during the first phase of systole (4.53 vs 3.86; p = 0.047) and the systolic impulse (11.2 vs 8.7; p = 0.045), and a higher peak value (62.9 vs 46.8; p = 0.001). Compared to hypertensive patients, the elastic rebound in athletes was shorter (51.6 vs 70.1 ms; p < 0.001) and the hemodynamic work during this phase was lower (-0.31 vs -0.44; p = 0.011). Moreover, hypertensive patients had an abnormal suction phase as revealed by a divergent direction (apex-to-base) of the HDF (0.09). The atrial thrust component was significantly higher in hypertensive patients than in athletes (-0.31 vs -0.05; p < 0.001). Compared to endurance athletes, strength athletes had a shorter duration of the systolic impulse (250 vs 280 ms; p = 0.019) and higher hemodynamic work during the early left ventricular filling (1.65 vs 0.97; p = 0.016). The assessment of HDF allows distinction between the hemodynamic patterns of athletes and patients with hypertension. Athletes were able to generate higher pressure gradients in a shorter period of time, and had a shorter and softer elastic rebound. In hypertensive patients, the suction mechanism is lost. Higher atrial thrust indicates the importance of the active LV filling during diastole in hypertensive patients. This study was funded by a grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, № AP14869730.
Validating a clinically based MS-MLPA threshold through comparison with Sanger sequencing in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Lhotska Halka , Janečkova Karolina , Cechova Hana , Macoun Jaromir , Aghova Tatiana , Lizcova Libuse , Svobodova Karla , Hodanova Lucie , Konecna Dora , Soukup Jiri , Kramar Filip , Netuka David , Zemanova Zuzana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma is the commonest malignant brain tumor and has a very poor prognosis. Reduced expression of the MGMT gene (10q26.3), influenced primarily by the methylation of two differentially methylated regions (DMR1 and DMR2), is associated with a good response to temozolomide treatment. However, suitable methods for detecting the methylation of the MGMT gene promoter and setting appropriate cut-off values are debated.
Results
A cohort of 108 patients with histologically and genetically defined glioblastoma was retrospectively examined with methylation-specific Sanger sequencing (sSeq) and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) methods. The DMR2 region was methylated in 29% of samples, whereas DMR1 was methylated in 12% of samples. Methylation detected with the MS-MLPA method using probes MGMT_215, MGMT_190, and MGMT_124 from the ME012-A1 kit (located in DMR1 and DMR2) correlated with the methylation of the corresponding CpG dinucleotides detected with sSeq (p = 0.005 for probe MGMT_215; p < 0.001 for probe MGMT_190; p = 0.016 for probe MGMT_124). The threshold for methylation detection with the MS-MLPA method was calculated with a ROC curve analysis and principal components analysis of the data obtained with the MS-MLPA and sSeq methods, yielding a weighted value of 0.362. Thus, methylation of the MGMT gene promoter was confirmed in 36% of samples. These patients had statistically significantly better overall survival (p = 0.003).
Conclusions
Our results show that the threshold for methylation detection with the MS-MLPA method determined here is useful from a diagnostic perspective because it allows the stratification of patients who will benefit from specific treatment protocols, including temozolomide. Detailed analysis of the MGMT gene promoter enables the more-precise and personalized treatment of patients with glioblastoma.
Craving Induction through Virtual Reality Cue-Exposure for Patients with Alcohol Dependence in Rehabilitation Treatment
Authors: Tsamitros Nikolaos , Gutwinski Stefan , Beck Anne , Mussons Sofia Lange , Sebold Miriam , Schöneck Robert , Wolbers Thomas , Bermpohl Felix , Heinz Andreas , Lütt Alva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

New therapeutic approaches for Alcohol Dependence (AD) include Virtual Reality (VR)-based treatments offering scalable options for Cue Exposure (CE), a well-established strategy in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of a new VR-CE intervention. On an explorative basis, factors influencing the induction of craving were examined. This single-arm monocentric clinical study included n = 21 patients with AD in inpatient rehabilitation treatment, that completed one VR-CE session including confrontation with alcohol-associated stimuli. Measurements of subjective craving before, during and after exposure, affective states, VR side effects as cybersickness and the sense of presence in VR were conducted. Craving levels during and directly after VR-CE were significantly higher than before the intervention. Craving levels 20 min after VR-CE did not significantly differ compared to those before VR-CE. Patients described a pronounced sense of presence and only mild symptoms of cybersickness. Craving was significantly correlated with cybersickness. While positive affect decreased throughout the VR exposure, negative affect did not differ significantly in pre-post-comparisons. This study shows that craving induction through our VR-CE paradigm is feasible and well-tolerated by patients with AD in long-term rehabilitation. These results contribute to the development and future research of therapeutic VR-CE approaches.
Bio-inspired Optimisation Design Strategy of Graded Hemp Core for Hybrid Carbon/Hemp Sandwich Laminates
Authors: Boccarusso Luca , De Fazio Dario , Myronidis Konstantinos , Durante Massimo , Pinto Fulvio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Composite sandwich structures incorporating foams or honeycombs as core materials have been widely researched and employed in various fields. Traditional cores often face limitations such as poor impact resistance, sustainability issues, and the inability to provide graded properties along their thickness. This paper explores the production and mechanical analysis of hemp bi-grid cores designed for use in sandwich structures, by using an ad-hoc continuous manufacturing process. Both graded cores, with varying fibre content through their thickness and non-graded cores were produced. The mechanical properties of these cores were evaluated under flexural and compressive testing. Additionally, to assess their impact performance in sandwich panels, hybrid panels with CFRP skins were fabricated and subjected to Low Velocity Impact tests. The resulting damage was examined using CT-Scan. The results indicate that the possibility of customising failure modes and tailor energy absorption capabilities of the proposed structures open the way for new, exciting perspectives for the development of innovative sandwich structures, broadening the application of natural fibres in various industrial sectors.
Tonsillectomy reverses arterial stiffness in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing: three years follow up
Authors: Monteiro Eduardo Machado Rossi , Paiva Alan Rodrigues de Almeida , Canuto Nayane Oliveira Pio , Silva Rebeca Carolina Campos e Almeida , Rodrigues-Machado Maria da Gloria , Navarro Tulio Pinho , Bittencourt Juliana Cabral , Pinto Daniel Mendes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated vascular, hemodynamic and arterial stiffness parameters in children with Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing (oSDB) due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and compared them before and three years after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A).
Methods
Mixed study, cross-sectional and longitudinal, conducted in a tertiary hospital from June/2018 to September/2022. The longitudinal study compared cardiovascular parameters and quality of life (OSA-18 questionnaire) in children with oSDB before (T1, n = 48) and three years after T&A (T2, n = 36). The cross-sectional study compared T2 with a control group, matched by sex and age. Cardiovascular parameters were measured non-invasively by brachial artery oscillometry with a portable device.
Results
Children with oSDB had a reduction in the augmentation index normalized to heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx@75) 3 years after T&A. Quality of life significantly improved after T&A and was maintained throughout follow-up. Although within adequate levels, the T2 group had higher systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure. Systolic volume increased and heart rate decreased. When comparing the oSDB and control groups, it was observed that the AIx@75 did not differ between the groups. The higher T2 pulse wave velocity compared to control was within the expected progression.
Conclusions
Children treated for oSDB with T&A showed improvement in AIx@75, an independent predictor of cardiovascular complications. The improvement in this index suggests that early treatment of oSDB may be a modifiable factor in reducing cardiovascular risk in children.
Microbiome in Early Childhood Caries: Caries Severity-Dependent Insights
Authors: Gong Siew-Ging , Switzer J. , Nainar S. M.H. , Lévesque C. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Children with early childhood caries (ECC) show different caries severities and susceptibility in different tooth types and location in the oral cavity. The study aimed to investigate changes in the oral microbiome in ECC subjects stratified according to the severity of caries and types of teeth and tooth surfaces involved.
Materials and Methods: Supragingival plaque from the upper and lower anterior regions in the oral cavity of subjects were collected in 3 groups of increasing caries severity (G1-Molar (M) caries only; G2- Molar and Upper Anterior (UA) caries; and G3-M + UA + lower anterior (LA) caries were obtained followed by microbiome analysis.
Results: Alpha-diversity analyses showed inter- but no intra-individual statistically significant differences between the UA and LA (p-value ˂ 0.001, LA˃UA), and a significant difference between the microbiome of the three caries groups (p-value ˂ 0.001). There were significant beta-diversity differences between G1 and G2 (p < 0.05) and in the composition and diversity among the three groups (p-value ˂ 0.001). Actinomyces, Saccharibacteria_genera_inserta_sedis and Eikenella had increased differential abundance in G1 vs G3 and Fusobacterium was less abundant in G2 compared to the other groups.
Conclusions: There were clear distinct differences in tooth-site specific and caries-severity microbiome diversity patterns and bacterial abundance profiles in S-ECC children.
Clinical Relevance: This study provides new information towards the refinement of an ECC clinical phenotype stratification, a step that will contribute to increased uniformity in future microbiome studies of children with ECC.
Comparative Study of Percutaneous Retrograde Screw Fixation and Minimally Invasive Plate Fixation for Acetabular Anterior Column Fractures
Authors: Fang Tao , Wu Qianqian , Liu Zhicheng , Meng Juan , Song Feng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the surgical techniques and compare the treatment outcomes of percutaneous retrograde screw fixation and minimally invasive ilioinguinal approach plate internal fixation in the management of acetabular anterior column fractures.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 32 patients with acetabular anterior column fractures treated at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from August 2019 to November 2023 was conducted. Fifteen cases were treated with percutaneous retrograde screw fixation (denoted as the screw group), and 17 cases were treated with minimally invasive ilioinguinal approach plate internal fixation (denoted as the plate group). The average surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, pre- and postoperative VAS scores, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Fracture reduction quality was assessed using the Matta standard, and functional scores were evaluated using the Majeed functional scoring scale.
Results
Both groups of patients were followed up for 8–15 months, with an average of 11.84 months. There was no statistically significant difference in average surgical time and hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). Intraoperative blood loss in the screw group was significantly less than that in the plate group (P < 0.05). The fluoroscopy frequency in the screw group was significantly higher than that in the plate group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). The VAS scores at 3 days and 1 month postoperatively were significantly better than those at admission in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the VAS scores at admission between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the screw group had better VAS scores at 3 days and 1 month postoperatively compared to the plate group. Matta evaluation of the fracture reduction quality and the Majeed clinical efficacy results showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Both surgical methods achieved good treatment outcomes. Minimally invasive ilioinguinal approach plate internal fixation required fewer fluoroscopy sessions and exhibited a wider range of indications. On the other hand, percutaneous retrograde screw fixation resulted in less trauma, more pronounced pain relief, and demonstrated superior clinical advantages with broad application prospects.
Identification of hub genes and potential molecular mechanisms related to chemotherapy sensitivity in bladder cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Sun Peng , Chen Shao-yong , Chen Cui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Chemotherapy resistance drives bladder cancer (BC) recurrence and metastasis, but the biomarkers and mechanisms of chemotherapy sensitivity are not fully known. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chemo-resistant and -sensitive BC patients from TCGA and GEO databases. Analyses like GO, KEGG, random survival forest were conducted. We studied the relationships of hub genes with immune cell infiltration, pathways, drug sensitivity, prognosis, regulation, and cellular heterogeneity using multiple methods. A total of 4042 up-regulated and 1355 down-regulated DEGs were included in the analysis. Four hubs, RNF19A, PCGF5, UNC5CL, and CCDC146, were identified and linked to tumor immune infiltration, immune-related genes, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, and the expression of disease-related genes like APC and EGFR. GSVA and GSEA analysis revealed varying expression levels of these genes impacting cancer-related signaling pathways. A nomogram and calibration curves based on these hub genes showed excellent prognosis predictive performance. We identified key binding motifs and transcription factors for hub genes using RcisTarget. Our mRNA-miRNA regulatory network and single cell analysis revealed cellular heterogeneity in hub gene expression. Therefore, up-regulation of RNF19A, PCGF5, UNC5CL, and CCDC146 in BC is associated with chemotherapy response and various cellular functions, making them potential predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis.
Perspectives of health professions students on using virtual reality as a teaching tool: a cross-sectional study in 10 Ugandan Medical schools
Authors: Wekha Godfrey , Ssewante Nelson , Ebiju Isaac , Nabaweera Rebecca , Atau Pius , Kihumuro Bernard Raymond , Nakandi Racheal , Banturaki Davis , Natukunda Ferguson , Babuya Jonathan , Nabisere Vivian , Musoke Phillip , Buyana David , Atuhaire Arnold , Magala Primrose , Ddungu Jethro Tendo , Lubwama James , Muwanga Richard David , Ayesiga Innocent , Kiyimba Blaise , Bongomin Felix 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Virtual reality (VR), a simulation modality for skills acquisition, has been used as a teaching alternative in several professions globally with reportedly excellent practical experience. This makes it one of the few potential solutions for the daily increasing overcrowding in most training classes, including those of medical schools. However, scant data exists on the perceptions of Health Professions Students (HPS), one of the most likely suitable VR users to be once this teaching modality is officially adopted. We aimed to find out Ugandan HPS's perspective on using VR as a teaching tool.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among undergraduate health professions students (HPS) aged 18 years and above across ten Ugandan Medical schools. The data was collected through an online survey and analyzed using STATA version 16.
Results
Overall, 361 HPS, with a mean age of 24.2 (standard deviation, SD = 3.8) years, and a male preponderance (217, 60.1%) participated in this study. A majority (215, 59.6%) were students for Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBChB). Three-hundred and sixteen (87.5%) participants had prior knowledge of VR. Of these, only 56(18%) had acquired this knowledge through class settings, and 136 (37.8%) had used a VR modality before this survey. Of these 136, Seventy-five (54.4%) had used VR in official academic training. A majority (306, 85%) of participants believed that VR would be an important upgrade in modern medicine if introduced as a teaching tool, would be open to using VR if trained to do so (338,94%), and would recommend their adoption in medical training and healthcare (319, 89%). Participants who had prior VR knowledge (p < 0.001) and those who had been formally introduced to the concept of VR (p = 0.032) were likely to accept VR as a learning model.
Conclusion
Despite the participants' high awareness and positive attitude towards VR, less than one-third have used it in their academic settings. The gradual incorporation of VR in the existing teaching modalities by Ugandan medical schools could create better learning environments and skill acquisition for HPS to produce more competent healthcare professionals.
Safe Water Handling Practice and Its Associated Factors Among Rural Communities in South East Zone of Tigray Region, North Ethiopia, 2024: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gebremedhin Haftay , Angaw Yonas , Abay Teame 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Safe drinking water is a vital to health and survival of individuals and families. Access of safe drinking water to individuals prevents at least 9% of the global disease burden and 6.3% of all deaths. Therefore this study aimed to assess practice of safe water handling and its associated factors among rural communities in Southeast zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia.
Methods & Materials:
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural households of enderta and seharti samere districts, South East zone of Tigray from November 2023-February 2024. A total of 570 head of households were selected for this study using a multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 and a variable having P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable.
Results
A total of 559 head of households were included in this study and making a response rate of 98.1%. Of these, 60.5% were females and more than half of 334(59.7%) the respondents were practicing safe water handling. Almost half (51.5%) of the study participants were used different methods of water treatments to make water safe for drinking at home. Being farmer on occupational status [AOR = 2.674, 95%CI (1.769–4.041)] and having information on water handling [AOR = 0.401, 95%CI (0.186–0.867)] were determinant factors for practice of safe water handling.
Conclusion
Behavior change in practice of safe water handling, water treatment at home and hand washing practice at critical time did not show remarkable changes. Strengthening of the health education, frequency of home visit by health extension workers and appropriate technical support are the key factors to improve the utilization of safe water handling.