bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional-scale patterns in harbour porpoise occupancy of tidal stream environments
Authors: Waggitt James J , Dunn Holly K , Evans Peter G H , Hiddink Jan Geert , Holmes Laura J , Keen Emma , Murcott Ben D , Piano Marco , Robins P E , Scott Beth E , Whitmore Jenny , Veneruso Gemma 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
As harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena are abundant within tidal stream environments, mitigating population-level impacts from tidal stream energy extraction is considered a conservation priority. An understanding of their spatial and temporal occupancy of these habitats at a regional-scale will help steer installations towards locations which maximize energy returns but reduce the potential for interactions with populations. This study quantifies and compares relationships between the presence of harbour porpoise and several hydrodynamic characteristics across four tidal stream environments in Anglesey, UK—a region that has been earmarked for extensive industrial development. Within sites (0.57–1.13 km2), encounters with animals were concentrated in small areas (&lt;200 m2) and increased during certain tidal states (ebb vs. flood). In sites showing relatively high maximum current speeds (2.67–2.87 ms−1), encounters were strongly associated with the emergence of shear-lines. In sites with relatively low maximum current speeds (1.70–2.08 ms−1), encounters were more associated with areas of shallow water during peak current speeds. The overall probability of encounters was higher in low current sites. It is suggested that the likelihood of interactions could be reduced by restricting developments to sites with high maximum current speeds (&gt;2.5 ms−1), and placing turbines in areas of laminar currents therein. This study shows that a combination of local and regional hydrodynamic characteristics can partially explain variations in occupancy patterns across tidal-stream environments. However, it was found that such hydrodynamic characteristics could not comprehensively explain these occupancy patterns. Further studies into the biophysical mechanisms creating foraging opportunities within these habitats are needed to identify alternative explanatory variables that may have universal applications.
Surface instability of imperfectly bonded multi-layered curved films under van der Waals forces
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Using a linear stability analysis and the transfer matrix method, we investigate the surface instability of an imperfectly bonded multi-layered curved film interacting with a curved rigid contactor, another imperfectly bonded multi-layered curved film or an imperfectly bonded multi-layered simply-supported cylindrical shell in each case through the action of attractive van der Waals forces. The imperfect interface is modelled as a linear spring layer with vanishing thickness characterized by normal and tangential imperfect interface parameters. Detailed numerical results are presented to demonstrate the resulting analytical solutions.
First trans-Neptunian object in polar resonance with Neptune
Authors: Morais M. H. M. , Namouni F. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Capture in mean motion resonance has been observed in the Solar system for small objects with prograde as well as retrograde orbits of moderate inclinations. However, no example of an object with a nearly polar orbit was known to be in resonance with a planet. In this Letter, we report that the nearly-polar trans-Neptunian object (471325), nicknamed Niku, is in a 7:9 resonance with Neptune, with a mean lifetime in resonance of 16 ± 11 million years. While entrance and exit in the 7:9 resonance is caused by close encounters with Neptune, the resonant configuration provides a temporary protection mechanism against disruptive close encounters with this planet. The other nearly polar trans-Neptunian objects do not seem to be in resonance with the planets with the possible exception of 2008 KV42, also known as Drac, that has a small chance of being in the 8:13 resonance with Neptune.
The nature of H α-selected galaxies along the large-scale structure at z = 0.4 revealed by Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
Authors: Koyama Yusei , Hayashi Masao , Tanaka Masayuki , Kodama Tadayuki , Shimakawa Rhythm , Yamamoto Moegi , Nakata Fumiaki , Tanaka Ichi , Suzuki Tomoko L , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Yabe Kiyoto , Toba Yoshiki , Lin Lihwai , Jian Hung-Yu , Komiyama Yutaka 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present the environmental dependence of color, stellar mass, and star formation (SF) activity in Hα-selected galaxies along the large-scale structure at z = 0.4 hosting twin clusters in the DEEP2-3 field, discovered by the Subaru Strategic Program of Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC SSP). By combining photo-z-selected galaxies and Hα emitters selected with broadband and narrowband (NB) data from the recent data release of HSC SSP (DR1), we confirm that galaxies in higher-density environments or galaxies in cluster central regions show redder colors. We find that there still remains a possible color–density and color–radius correlation even if we restrict the sample to Hα-selected galaxies, probably due to the presence of massive Hα emitters in denser regions. We also find a hint of increased star formation rates (SFR) amongst Hα emitters toward the highest-density environment, again primarily driven by the excess of red/massive Hα emitters in high-density environments, while their specific SFRs do not significantly change with environment. This work demonstrates the power of the HSC SSP NB data for studying SF galaxies across environments in the distant universe.
Machine-learning-based real–bogus system for the HSC-SSP moving object detection pipeline
Authors: Lin Hsing-Wen , Chen Ying-Tung , Wang Jen-Hung , Wang Shiang-Yu , Yoshida Fumi , Ip Wing-Huen , Miyazaki Satoshi , Terai Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Machine-learning techniques are widely applied in many modern optical sky surveys, e.g., Pan-STARRS1, PTF/iPTF, and the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, to reduce human intervention in data verification. In this study, we have established a machine-learning-based real–bogus system to reject false detections in the Subaru/Hyper-Suprime-Cam Strategic Survey Program (HSC-SSP) source catalog. Therefore, the HSC-SSP moving object detection pipeline can operate more effectively due to the reduction of false positives. To train the real–bogus system, we use stationary sources as the real training set and “flagged” data as the bogus set. The training set contains 47 features, most of which are photometric measurements and shape moments generated from the HSC image reduction pipeline (hscPipe). Our system can reach a true positive rate (tpr) ∼96% with a false positive rate (fpr) ∼1% or tpr ∼99% at fpr ∼5%. Therefore, we conclude that stationary sources are decent real training samples, and using photometry measurements and shape moments can reject false positives effectively.
Injury and Liability Associated With Spine Surgery
Authors: Kutteruf Rachel , Wells Deva , Stephens Linda , Posner Karen L. , Lee Lorri A. , Domino Karen B. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Although spine surgery is associated with significant morbidity, the anesthesia liability profile for spine surgery is not known. We examined claims for spine procedures in the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project database to evaluate patterns of injury and liability.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria were anesthesia claims provided for surgical procedures in 2000 to 2014. We compared mechanisms of injury for cervical spine to thoracic or lumbar spine procedures using χ2 and the Fisher exact test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with permanent disabling injury in spine surgery claims.

Results:
The 207 spine procedure (73% thoracic/lumbar; 27% cervical) claims comprised >10% of claims. Permanent disabling injuries to nerves, the spinal cord, and the eyes or visual pathways were more common with spine procedures than in nonspine procedures. Hemorrhage and positioning injuries were more common in thoracic/lumbar spine claims, whereas difficult intubation was more common in cervical spine claims. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated prone positioning (odds ratio=3.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-9.43) and surgical duration of ≥4 hours increased the odds of severe permanent injury in spine claims (odds ratio=2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-6.72).

Conclusions:
Anesthesia claims related to spine surgery were associated with severe permanent disability primarily from nerve and eye injuries. Prone positioning and surgical duration of ≥4 hours were associated with permanent disabling injuries. Attention to positioning, resuscitation during blood loss, and reducing length of surgery may reduce these complications.
Understanding the complex relationships underlying hot flashes: a Bayesian network approach
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Gallicchio Lisa M. , Flaws Jodi A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective:
The mechanism underlying hot flashes is not well-understood, primarily because of complex relationships between and among hot flashes and their risk factors.

Methods:
We explored those relationships using a Bayesian network approach based on a 2006 to 2015 cohort study of hot flashes among 776 female residents, 45 to 54 years old, in the Baltimore area. Bayesian networks were fit for each outcome (current hot flashes, hot flashes before the end of the study, hot flash severity, hot flash frequency, and age at first hot flashes) separately and together with a list of risk factors (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, body mass index and obesity, race, income level, education level, smoking history, drinking history, and activity level). Each fitting was conducted separately on all women and only perimenopausal women, at enrollment and 4 years after enrollment.

Results:
Hormone levels, almost always interrelated, were the most common variable linked to hot flashes; hormone levels were sometimes related to body mass index, but were not directly related to any other risk factors. Smoking was also frequently associated with increased likelihood of severe symptoms, but not through an antiestrogenic pathway. The age at first hot flashes was related only to race. All other factors were either not related to outcomes or were mediated entirely by race, hormone levels, or smoking.

Conclusions:
These models can serve as a guide for design of studies into the causal network underlying hot flashes.
Frequency of Acute Otitis Media in Children Under 24 Months of Age Before and After the Introduction of the 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Into the National Immunization Program in Chile
Authors: Rosenblut Andrés , Rosenblut Macarena , García Karen , Maul Ximena , Santolaya María E. 
Published: August 2017

Background:

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of acute otitis media (AOM). Ten-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV-10) was introduced to the Chilean National Immunization Program (NIP) in 2011. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of AOM in children <24 months of age attending the emergency department (ED) of Hospital Sótero del Río (HSR) 4 years before and 4 years after the introduction of PCV-10 in the Chilean NIP.

Methods:
Register-based nested case-control study. Cases (n = 1907) were all children <24 months of age with a clinical diagnosis discharge of AOM at the ED of HSR, and controls (n = 244,334) were all other children <24 months of age attended at the same ED in the same time period, with any other discharge diagnosis. The data were obtained through HSR Statistical Service.

Results:
In the study period, there was a mean of 30,695 children <24 months managed each year at the ED of HSR. The percentage with AOM in the prevaccine period was 0.94% and in the postvaccine period was 0.62%, respectively (P = 0.026). Exposure to the PCV-10 was associated with a decreased risk to develop AOM in children <24 months, with an odds ratio of 0.659 (95% confidence interval: 0.60–0.72).

Conclusions:
Our study showed a significant decrease in the percentage and risk of AOM in children <24 months of age who visited the ED of HSR after implementation of PCV-10 in the NIP in Chile.
Protein kinase A regulates inflammatory pain sensitization by modulating HCN2 channel activity in nociceptive sensory neurons
Authors: Herrmann Stefan , Rajab Hamsa , Christ Irina , Schirdewahn Christoph , Höfler Daniel , Fischer Michael J.M. , Bruno Ariane , Fenske Stefanie , Gruner Christian , Kramer Felix , Wachsmann Tassilo , Wahl-Schott Christian , Stieber Juliane , Biel Martin , Ludwig Andreas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Several studies implicated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an important second messenger for regulating nociceptor sensitization, but downstream targets of this signaling pathway which contribute to neuronal plasticity are not well understood. We used a Cre/loxP-based strategy to disable the function of either HCN2 or PKA selectively in a subset of peripheral nociceptive neurons and analyzed the nociceptive responses in both transgenic lines. A near-complete lack of sensitization was observed in both mutant strains when peripheral inflammation was induced by an intradermal injection of 8br-cAMP. The lack of HCN2 as well as the inhibition of PKA eliminated the cAMP-mediated increase of calcium transients in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Facilitation of Ih via cAMP, a hallmark of the Ih current, was abolished in neurons without PKA activity. Collectively, these results show a significant contribution of both genes to inflammatory pain and suggest that PKA-dependent activation of HCN2 underlies cAMP-triggered neuronal sensitization.
Dissecting the role of the CRMP2–neurofibromin complex on pain behaviors
Authors: Moutal Aubin , Wang Yue , Yang Xiaofang , Ji Yingshi , Luo Shizhen , Dorame Angie , Bellampalli Shreya S. , Chew Lindsey A. , Cai Song , Dustrude Erik T. , Keener James E. , Marty Michael T. , Vanderah Todd W. , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder linked to inactivating mutations or a homozygous deletion of the Nf1 gene, is characterized by tumorigenesis, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, migraine, and pain. Omic studies on human NF1 tissues identified an increase in the expression of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), a cytosolic protein reported to regulate the trafficking and activity of presynaptic N-type voltage-gated calcium (Cav2.2) channels. Because neurofibromin, the protein product of the Nf1 gene, binds to and inhibits CRMP2, the neurofibromin–CRMP2 signaling cascade will likely affect Ca2+ channel activity and regulate nociceptive neurotransmission and in vivo responses to noxious stimulation. Here, we investigated the function of neurofibromin–CRMP2 interaction on Cav2.2. Mapping of >275 peptides between neurofibromin and CRMP2 identified a 15-amino acid CRMP2–derived peptide that, when fused to the tat transduction domain of HIV-1, inhibited Ca2+ influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons. This peptide mimics the negative regulation of CRMP2 activity by neurofibromin. Neurons treated with tat-CRMP2/neurofibromin regulating peptide 1 (t-CNRP1) exhibited a decreased Cav2.2 membrane localization, and uncoupling of neurofibromin–CRMP2 and CRMP2–Cav2.2 interactions. Proteomic analysis of a nanodisc-solubilized membrane protein library identified syntaxin 1A as a novel CRMP2-binding protein whose interaction with CRMP2 was strengthened in neurofibromin-depleted cells and reduced by t-CNRP1. Stimulus-evoked release of calcitonin gene–related peptide from lumbar spinal cord slices was inhibited by t-CNRP1. Intrathecal administration of t-CNRP1 was antinociceptive in experimental models of inflammatory, postsurgical, and neuropathic pain. Our results demonstrate the utility of t-CNRP1 to inhibit CRMP2 protein–protein interactions for the potential treatment of pain.
The role of spatial frequency information in the decoding of facial expressions of pain: a novel hybrid task
Authors: Wang Shan , Eccleston Christopher , Keogh Edmund 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Spatial frequency (SF) information contributes to the recognition of facial expressions, including pain. Low-SF encodes facial configuration and structure and often dominates over high-SF information, which encodes fine details in facial features. This low-SF preference has not been investigated within the context of pain. In this study, we investigated whether perpetual preference differences exist for low-SF and high-SF pain information. A novel hybrid expression paradigm was used in which 2 different expressions, one containing low-SF information and the other high-SF information, were combined in a facial hybrid. Participants are instructed to identify the core expression contained within the hybrid, allowing for the measurement of SF information preference. Three experiments were conducted (46 participants in each) that varied the expressions within the hybrid faces: respectively pain-neutral, pain-fear, and pain-happiness. In order to measure the temporal aspects of image processing, each hybrid image was presented for 33, 67, 150, and 300 ms. As expected, identification of pain and other expressions was dominated by low-SF information across the 3 experiments. The low-SF preference was largest when the presentation of hybrid faces was brief and reduced as the presentation duration increased. A sex difference was also found in experiment 1. For women, the low-SF preference was dampened by high-SF pain information, when viewing low-SF neutral expressions. These results not only confirm the role that SF information has in the recognition of pain in facial expressions but suggests that in some situations, there may be sex differences in how pain is communicated.
Efficacy and Safety of Simeprevir or Daclatasvir in Combination With Sofosbuvir for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Genotype 4 Infection
Authors: Babatin Mohammed A. , Alghamdi Abdullah S. , Albenmousa Ali , Alaseeri Abdulla , Aljarodi Mahdi , Albiladi Haziz , Alsahafi Ashwaq , Almugharbal Mohammed , Alothmani Hammad S. , Sanai Faisal M. , Bzeizi Khalid I. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
The combination of sofosbuvir (SOF) with simeprevir (SMV) or daclatasvir (DCV) is very effective in treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, particularly genotype (GT) 1. However, the data on GT4 are very limited. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of SOF in combination with either SMV or DCV in GT4-infected patients.

Patients and Methods:
In this real life, prospective, observational study, HCV (GT4) patients (n=96) were evaluated in 2 groups on the basis of the 12-week treatment regimen they received. Group 1 (n=56) patients were treated with SOF and SMV±ribavirin (RBV), whereas group 2 patients were treated with SOF and DCV±RBV (n=40). The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12, whereas the primary safety endpoint was drug discontinuation or occurrence of grade 3/4 adverse events.

Results:
The mean age was 49±14.6 years (59.4% men). Cirrhosis was present in 53.6% and 35.0% of groups 1 and 2, respectively, whereas 27 patients (48.2%) in group 1 and 21 patients (52.5%) in group 2 had failed prior interferon-based treatment. The median pretreatment HCV-RNA log10 was 6.1 (3.6 to 7.0) and 6.0 (3.6 to 7.2) IU/mL in groups 1 and 2, respectively. RBV was given to 17 patients (30.4%) in group 1 and 2 patients (5%) in group 2. All patients achieved sustained virologic response 12 (100%). Adverse events occurred in 32% of patients (grade 1 and 2), but none discontinued treatment. One patient died in the SMV group (not related to treatment).

Conclusions:
SMV/SOF or DCV/SOF combinations are safe and highly effective in HCV-GT4 treatment. Cirrhosis and failure of prior interferon-based treatment did not influence treatment response.
Inter-rater reliability of two paediatric early warning score tools
Authors: Jensen Claus S. , Aagaard Hanne , Olesen Hanne V. , Kirkegaard Hans 
Published: August 2017

Background
Paediatric early warning score (PEWS) assessment tools can assist healthcare providers in the timely detection and recognition of subtle patient condition changes signalling clinical deterioration. However, PEWS tools instrument data are only as reliable and accurate as the caregivers who obtain and document the parameters.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate inter-rater reliability among nurses using PEWS systems.

Design
The study was carried out in five paediatrics departments in the Central Denmark Region. Inter-rater reliability was investigated through parallel observations. A total of 108 children and 69 nurses participated. Two nurses simultaneously performed a PEWS assessment on the same patient. Before the assessment, the two participating nurses drew lots to decide who would be the active observer. Intraclass correlation coefficient, Fleiss’ κ and Bland–Altman limits of agreement were used to determine inter-rater reliability.

Results
The intraclass correlation coefficients for the aggregated PEWS score of the two PEWS models were 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. The κ value on the individual PEWS measurements ranged from 0.70 to 1.0, indicating good to very good agreement. The nurses assigned the exact same aggregated score for both PEWS models in 76% of the cases. In 98% of the PEWS assessments, the aggregated PEWS scores assigned by the nurses were equal to or below 1 point in both models.

Conclusion
The study showed good to very good inter-rater reliability in the two PEWS models used in the Central Denmark Region.
Medicolegal Investigations Into Deaths Due to Crush Asphyxia After Tractor Side Rollovers
Authors: Moreschi Carlo , Da Broi Ugo , Fanzutto Antonia , Cividino Sirio , Gubiani Rino , Pergher Gianfranco 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFarm tractors are large, heavy, powerful vehicles with a high center of gravity. When driven carelessly on sloping, irregular, or slippery ground, tractors can overturn sideways and cause the death by crush asphyxia of the driver or passengers, especially if appropriate safety equipment is not fitted or used. The aim of this review is to focus on the diagnostic difficulties with which coroners and forensic pathologists have to cope when a confirmation of crush asphyxia after tractor side rollover is required by judicial authorities. Forensic investigations in such cases must involve the meticulous analysis of the death scene and the mechanical characteristics of the vehicle together with accurate postmortem and toxicological examination.
Reproductive competition and sexual selection
Authors: Clutton-Brock Tim 
Published: August 2017

This paper traces the development of our understanding of the development of different approaches to estimating the strength of reproductive competition and sexual selection in the two sexes, based on measures of the operational sex ratio, the opportunity for sexual selection and contrasts in selection gradients between the sexes. It argues that different approaches provide complementary insights into the causes of sex differences in reproductive competition, the operation of sexual selection and the evolution of secondary sexual characters and that improvements in our understanding of the evolution of secondary sexual characters will require a more comprehensive understanding of the ways in which social and ecological conditions modify reproductive competition and development in females and males.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.