bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally strong summer-like zonal wind reversal in the upper mesosphere during winter 2015/16
Authors: Stober Gunter , Matthias Vivien , Jacobi Christoph , Wilhelm Sven , Höffner Josef , Chau Jorge L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The 2015/16 Northern Hemisphere winter season was marked by peculiarities in the circulation pattern in the high-latitude mesopause region. Wind measurements from the Andenes (69° N, 13° E) meteor radar show westward winds below 84 km and eastward winds above. This wind pattern in the zonal wind was observable between the end of December 2015 and the end of January 2016, i.e., conditions that are typical for the summer were found during winter. Additional meteor radar measurements at midlatitude stations did not show such a zonal wind reversal but indicate, together with the polar latitude stations, a reversal of the horizontal temperature gradient. This is confirmed by global satellite measurements. Therefore, it is plausible that the polar latitude summer-like zonal wind reversal in December–January is in accordance with the reversed horizontal temperature gradient assuming a thermal wind balance between mid- and polar latitudes. The reversed horizontal temperature gradient itself is induced by stationary planetary waves at lower and midlatitudes in the mesosphere, leading to a weakening of the residual circulation above the European sector.
Understanding hydrologic variability across Europe through catchment classification
Authors: Kuentz Anna , Arheimer Berit , Hundecha Yeshewatesfa , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study contributes to better understanding the physical controls on spatial patterns of pan-European flow signatures – taking advantage of large open datasets for catchment classification and comparative hydrology. Similarities in 16 flow signatures and 35 catchment descriptors were explored for 35 215 catchments and 1366 river gauges across Europe. Correlation analyses and stepwise regressions were used to identify the best explanatory variables for each signature. Catchments were clustered and analyzed for similarities in flow signature values, physiography and the combination of the two. We found the following. (i) A 15 to 33 % (depending on the classification used) improvement in regression model skills when combined with catchment classification versus simply using all catchments at once. (ii) Twelve out of 16 flow signatures were mainly controlled by climatic characteristics, especially those related to average and high flows. For the baseflow index, geology was more important and topography was the main control for the flashiness of flow. For most of the flow signatures, the second most important descriptor is generally land cover (mean flow, high flows, runoff coefficient, ET, variability of reversals). (iii) Using a classification and regression tree (CART), we further show that Europe can be divided into 10 classes with both similar flow signatures and physiography. The most dominant separation found was between energy-limited and moisture-limited catchments. The CART analyses also separated different explanatory variables for the same class of catchments. For example, the damped peak response for one class was explained by the presence of large water bodies for some catchments, while large flatland areas explained it for other catchments in the same class. In conclusion, we find that this type of comparative hydrology is a helpful tool for understanding hydrological variability, but is constrained by unknown human impacts on the water cycle and by relatively crude explanatory variables.
Ball lightning: a Renaissance account from Zafra (Spain)
Authors: Vaquero José M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. An analysis is given of the account of a globe of fire observed in Zafra (Spain) in the middle of the 16th century. During a strong storm, Conde Don Pedro observed what he described as a globe of fire that was directed against the city and abruptly changed course. He attributed the change in course to a miracle. He described neither any damage nor sound.
BIOLOGIA DA AUTONOMIA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA TEMPORALIDADE DE FREIRE E DO FENÔMENO HISTÓRICO DE MATURANA PARA O ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Da Silva Herbert Gomes , Infante-Malachias Maria Elena 
Published: June 2017

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a importância do fenômeno histórico e a historicidade, relacionando-os à educação e aprendizagem. Utilizei as teorias de Humberto Maturana e Paulo Freire, como princípios para a Biologia da Autonomia. Defendendo a ideia de uma educação e ensino de biologia, voltados para a formação humana tendo o estudante como sujeito/observador que interfere e age de maneira reflexiva e consciente no mundo em que vive, e que para isso, compreende a sua importância como sujeito histórico e que sua aprendizagem é um fenômeno observável a partir dessa concepção.
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO E AVANÇOS NO TRATAMENTO DA HEPATITE C: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: FERREIRA Vinicius Lins , PONTAROLO Roberto 
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre hepatite C e buscar evidências sobre diferenças de desempenho entre as terapias baseadas no uso de interferon e terapias livres de interferon. Para alcance desse objetivo foi feito uma busca nas bases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science e Scielo utilizando os termos “hepatitis C”, “treatment”, “interferon-free”, “review” e “clinical trial”. A primeira parte deste trabalho apresenta uma revisão das características, epidemiologia e diagnóstico da hepatite C. A segunda parte deste trabalho teve como foco a evolução do tratamento para hepatite C. Por muitos anos, o tratamento farmacológico utilizado teve como base o uso de interferon, que é bem conhecido por causar eventos adversos com frequência, por contraindicações e casos de índices não satisfatórios de eficácia. Como principal desfecho, as taxas de resposta virológica sustentada foram consideradas satisfatórias nos pacientes tratados com terapias livres de interferon. Essas novas opções terapêuticas foram introduzidas recentemente e demonstraram melhores resultados, perfil de segurança e eficácia, e podem ser uma boa opção de tratamento.
Exploring the Role of Perceived Contextual and Environmental Motivators in Venture Creation: Survey in South Asian Context
Authors: Ahmed Tariq , Bin Yahya Ahmad Zahiruddin 
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to identify the main difference on the major construct of the survey used to analyse the effect of contextual and environmental motivators and barriers on entrepreneurial intentions of universities graduates in Pakistan. The main objective was to observe the response of the survey respondents on the major construct of study. The results indicates that university graduates ranked high the importance of attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behaviour control in the process of venture creation. In addition, Perceived entrepreneurial motivators and barriers are also considered to be important in while staring some one’s own business.
Characteristics of Pediatric Clinical Interventions Documented by a School of Pharmacy
Authors: Eiland Lea S. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES
Documentation of interventions by pharmacists has become a standard of practice in clinical practice sites. Pharmacists' interventions in pediatric practice settings for short periods of time have been reported in the literature. A single study has described faculty and student interventions in the pediatric setting. The objective of this study was to characterize 4 years of interventions by faculty and students of a school of pharmacy that occurred at various pediatric practice sites throughout a state.

METHODS
Pharmacy practice faculty and fourth year student pharmacists are required to document clinical interventions during advanced pharmacy practice experiences. Interventions are documented in a single, commercially available, Web-based system. Reports of interventions with cost avoidance at pediatric inpatient and outpatient practice sites throughout a state from 2011 to 2014 were collected and analyzed. Data were sorted based on year, practice site, type, and number of activities and interventions, and estimated cost avoidance.

RESULTS
Two full-time faculty members practiced in pediatrics and, on average, 25 students entered interventions at pediatric sites each year. A total of 12,784 interventions were documented by faculty and students over the 4-year period, with students entering 81.8% of the interventions and 69% occurring in the inpatient setting. Total cost avoidance for all 4 years was $1,684,609. The most frequent interventions were patient medication history, patient counseling, allergy information clarified, drug therapy adjusted, and drug information.

CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacy faculty and students documented various types of clinical interventions in the inpatient and outpatient pediatric settings and demonstrated a positive impact at pediatric practice sites throughout a state, as well as cost avoidance in the associated healthcare systems.
Extended Stability and Sterility of Antihemophilic Factor Human
Authors: Shields Sarah , Kim Abby , Elder Joshua 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES
Antihemophilic factor human is a factor VIII product used to supplement those with hemophilia. Recent data show treatment benefit and cost saving opportunities if factor products are administered as a continuous infusion rather than conventional bolus dose. This method has not been widely used given the lack of evidence for safe and effective use beyond 3 hours from preparation. The objectives of this study were to determine the physical and chemical stability and sterility of antihemophilic factor human over a 7-day period.

METHODS
Antihemophilic factor human was obtained from the manufacturer. Baseline stability and sterility were determined by factor activity levels along with bacterial and fungal cultures. These tests were also evaluated over a span of 7 days at room temperature and under refrigeration.

RESULTS
Each sample was inspected at the time of delivery and showed no visible signs of physical changes. Factor activity levels were maintained between 88% and 102% of baseline measurements. No growth was observed for bacterial or fungal cultures in any sample after 4 weeks of incubation.

CONCLUSIONS
Antihemophilic factor human maintained physical stability and chemical stability and remained sterile for the 7-day period, allowing extended stability and continuous infusions to be considered.
The Use of Gabapentin for Pain and Agitation in Neonates and Infants in a Neonatal ICU
Authors: Sacha Gretchen L. , Foreman Maria G. , Kyllonen Kay , Rodriguez Ricardo J. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES
Limited data support how to safely and effectively treat refractory pain and agitation in neonates and infants. Gabapentin has been used in this patient population and has shown promising results, yet there is still a paucity of data about its clinical efficacy. There is a need for a larger evaluation to determine its effectiveness. This study describes one institution's experience with gabapentin for the treatment of refractory pain and agitation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

METHODS
This was a retrospective, observational evaluation of patients who received gabapentin in the level IV NICU at the Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital. Changes in neonatal pain, agitation, and sedation scale (N-PASS) scores and analgesic and sedative medication requirements were analyzed, as were gabapentin dose requirements and adverse reactions.

RESULTS
Between January 2012 and November 2015, 22 patients received gabapentin and were included in this study. The average gabapentin starting dose was 10.2 mg/kg/day, with maximum doses up to 25.5 mg/kg/day. The median N-PASS score at gabapentin therapy initiation was 3.1 and after gabapentin initiation the last N-PASS score documented was 0 in all but 5 patients. Gabapentin use reduced the need for analgesic or sedative medications. The drug was well tolerated, and only 1 patient experienced an adverse reaction to gabapentin (i.e., nystagmus).

CONCLUSIONS
Gabapentin was well tolerated and associated with decreases in pain scores. It's use resulted in decreased requirements for analgesic and sedative medications. Gabapentin therapy appears to be an effective option for neonates and infants with refractory pain and agitation.
Extended Infusion of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Children
Authors: Knoderer Chad A. , Karmire Lauren C. , Andricopulos Katie L. , Nichols Kristen R. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES
Extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) has been associated with positive clinical outcomes in adults, but similar data in children are lacking. The objective of this study was to describe efficacy outcomes with pediatric patients receiving extended-infusion TZP.

METHODS
This was a retrospective case series of children aged 1 month to 17 years who had documented Gram-negative infection and received extended-infusion TZP between April 2011 and March 2012. The primary outcome was 21-day clinical cure defined as negative follow-up cultures, where available, and infection resolution.

RESULTS
Fifty children with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 5 (2–9) years were included in the study. Patients received a median (IQR) TZP dose of 111.4 (100–112.5) mg/kg administered every 8 hours over 4 hours. Clinical and microbiologic cure were observed in 74% and 100% of patients, respectively. Patients not meeting criterial for 21-day clinical cure were younger (1 vs 7 years, p = 0.087) and had a longer length of hospital stay (23 vs 11 days, p = 0.037).

CONCLUSIONS
The majority of children in this cohort achieved 21-day clinical cure with extended-interval TZP. Those without clinical cure tended to be younger and critically ill. Additional comparative studies evaluating traditional and extended-infusion TZP in children are needed.
Predictors of Adverse Outcomes in Children With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Kumarachandran Ganesh , Johnson Jennifer Kristie , Shirley Debbie-Ann , Graffunder Eileen , Heil Emily L. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a common infection, associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. Factors associated with adverse treatment outcomes are poorly understood in the pediatric population.

METHODS
Our study compared clinical and microbiologic characteristics of children admitted during a 5-year period (2007–2012) to a large university-based hospital and found to have S aureus bacteremia with outcome measures, in order to identify risk factors associated with treatment failure (defined as 30-day mortality, delayed microbiologic resolution, or recurrence of S aureus bacteremia within 60 days of completing effective antibiotic therapy).

RESULTS
In all, 71 patients were found to have S aureus bacteremia, and of these, 17 patients (24%) experienced treatment failure. Based on the logistic regression model, only high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in combination with a high-risk source of infection (i.e., infected graft or device, intra-abdominal infection, or respiratory tract infection) was significantly associated with risk of treatment failure.

CONCLUSIONS
Infection associated with a high-risk source may increase the chance of treatment failure in pediatric patients with S aureus bacteremia. Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration alone was not found to be a predictor of treatment outcomes.
FAVARO, Neide. Pedagogia histórico-crítica e sua estratégia política: fundamentos e limites (Resenha).
Authors: Tumolo Paulo Sergio 
Published: June 2017

<p>Resenha do livro</p><p>FAVARO, Neide. Pedagogia histórico-crítica e sua estratégia política: fundamentos e limites. Florianópolis : Em Debate / UFSC, 2015. 698 p. </p>
EXCLUSÃO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Barbosa Lana Cristina , Marinho Bruna Ramos , Rodrigues Alves Clarice Goncalves , Da Silva Virginia Marme 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>RESUMO</strong></p><p>A finalidade deste trabalho foi de oportunizar a reflexão acerca da ideia produzida pela sociedade burguesa de que a dificuldade do ingresso da pessoa com deficiência intelectual no mercado de trabalho se justifica pela sua suposta improdutividade. O pressuposto metodológico do Materialismo Dialético e a crítica marxista respaldou a análise da realidade concreta do sistema metabólico do capital que tem demandado a dificuldade histórica da pessoa com deficiência intelectual em se colocar no mercado de trabalho. É lacônico a discussão a respeito da sua educação para que dessa forma possamos negar o critérios de eficiência e produtividade que respalda o arcabouço teórico da escola.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong><strong>: </strong>Improdutividade. Pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Legislação.</p>
The tropical precipitation pickup threshold and clouds in a radiative convective equilibrium model: 2. Two‐layer moisture
Authors: Igel Matthew R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper complements Part 1 in which cloud processes of aggregated convection are examined in a large‐domain radiative convective equilibrium simulation in order to uncover those responsible for a consistently observed, abrupt increase in mean precipitation at a column relative humidity value of approximately 77%. In Part 2, the focus is on how the transition is affected independently by total moisture above and below the base of the melting layer. When mean precipitation rates are examined as simultaneous functions of these two moisture layers, four distinct behaviors are observed. These four behaviors suggest unique, yet familiar, physical regimes in which (i) little rain is produced by infrequent clouds, (ii) shallow convection produces increasing warm rain with increasing low‐level moisture, (iii) deep convection produces progressively heavier rain above the transition point with increasing total moisture, and (iv) deep stratiform cloud produces increasingly intense precipitation from melting for increasing upper level moisture. The independent thresholds separating regimes in upper and lower layer humidity are shown to result in the value of total column humidity at which a transition between clear air and deep convection, and therefore a pickup in precipitation, is possible. All four regimes force atmospheric columns toward the pickup value at 77% column humidity, but each does so through a unique set of physical processes. Layer moisture and microphysical budgets are analyzed and contrasted with column budgets.
Two regions of seafloor deformation generated the tsunami for the 13 November 2016, Kaikoura, New Zealand earthquake
Authors: Bai Yefei , Lay Thorne , Cheung Kwok Fai , Ye Lingling 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe 13 November 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand, Mw 7.8 earthquake ruptured multiple crustal faults in the transpressional Marlborough and North Canterbury tectonic domains of northeastern South Island. The Hikurangi trench and underthrust Pacific slab terminate in the region south of Kaikoura, as the subdution zone transitions to the Alpine fault strike‐slip regime. It is difficult to establish whether any coseismic slip occurred on the megathrust from on‐land observations. The rupture generated a tsunami well recorded at tide gauges along the eastern coasts and in Chatham Islands, including a ~4 m crest‐to‐trough signal at Kaikoura where coastal uplift was about 1 m, and at multiple gauges in Wellington Harbor. Iterative modeling of teleseismic body waves and the regional water‐level recordings establishes that two regions of seafloor motion produced the tsunami, including an Mw ~7.6 rupture on the megathrust below Kaikoura and comparable size transpressional crustal faulting extending offshore near Cook Strait.
Crustal structure, gravity anomalies, and subsidence history of the Parnaíba cratonic basin, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Tozer B. , Watts A. B. , Daly M. C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCratonic basins cover more than 10% of Earth's continental surface area, yet their origin remains enigmatic. Here we use a 1400 km long, deep (20 s two‐way travel time) seismic reflection profile, five wide‐angle split‐spread receiver gathers, gravity anomaly, and well data to constrain the origin of the Parnaíba Basin, a cratonic basin in Northeast Brazil. In the center of the basin, the depth to pre‐Paleozoic basement is ~3.3 km, a zone of midcrustal reflectivity (MCR) can be traced laterally for ~250 km at depths between 17 and 25 km and Moho depth is ~42 ± 2 km. Gravity and P wave modeling suggests that the MCR represents the upper surface of a high density (2985 kg m−3) and Vp (6.75–7.0 km s−1) lower crustal body, likely of magmatic origin. Backstripping of well data shows a concave up decreasing tectonic subsidence, similar in form to that observed in rift‐type basins. We show, however, that our seismic and gravity data are inconsistent with an extensional origin. Other basin forming mechanisms are therefore required. We show that an intrusive body in the lower crust that has loaded and flexed the surface of the crust, combined with sediment loading, provides a satisfactory fit to the observed gravity anomaly. A buried load model is consistent with seismic data, which suggest that the Moho is as deep or deeper beneath the basin center than its flanks and accounts for at least part of the tectonic subsidence through a viscoelastic stress relaxation that occurs in the lithosphere following load emplacement.
Early/fast VLF events produced by the quiescent heating of the lower ionosphere by thunderstorms
Authors: Kabirzadeh R. , Marshall R. A. , Inan U. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLarge and easily distinguishable perturbations of the VLF transmitter signals due to interactions with thundercloud‐driven ionospheric modifications have been observed and studied for about three decades. These events are called “early/fast VLF” or “early VLF” events due to their immediate detection (∼20 ms) after the causative lightning flash on the ground and the fast rise time of the perturbed signal. Despite many years of study, the physical mechanisms responsible for these perturbations are still under investigation. Modifications of the sustained heating level of the ionosphere due to a lightning flash has been previously proposed as the causative mechanism of early/fast VLF events. The perturbations predicted by this mechanism, however, have been much smaller than experimental observations of 0.2–1 dB or higher. In this study, by using an improved 3‐D thundercloud electrostatic upward coupling model which uses a realistic geomagnetic field, we find that the sustained heating model can predict perturbations that are consistent with reported experimental observations. Modifications in the quiescent heating of the lower ionosphere by thundercloud fields by individual lightning flashes may thus account for some observations of early/fast VLF events.