bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profiling of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) under 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) stress
Authors: Das Padmini , Sarkar Dibyendu , Datta Rupali 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVetiver grass is an ideal plant for 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) phytoremediation, due to its ability to tolerate and metabolize TNT as previously reported. The current study is the first attempt to investigate the changes in the proteomic profile of a plant under TNT stress. Vetiver plants were grown in nutrient media with varying concentrations of TNT (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1) for 10 days. Although the plants appeared healthy, significant biomass reductions (p = 0.0008) were observed in treated plants. Total proteins in the root decreased significantly (p = 0.0003). Proteomic analysis of root proteins revealed the downregulation of functional proteins involved in key cellular mechanisms such as transcription, ribosome biogenesis, nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport of proteins, protein glycosylation, and translation. Growth‐related proteins were downregulated; plant defense proteins were upregulated at lower TNT concentrations but downregulated at higher concentrations. Comprehensive understanding of changes in the proteomic profile provides important clues to the mechanism of TNT stress response and tolerance in vetiver.
The impact of SST resolution change in the ERA‐Interim reanalysis on wintertime Gulf Stream frontal air‐sea interaction
Authors: Parfitt Rhys , Czaja Arnaud , Kwon Young‐Oh 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the sensitivity to a change in sea surface temperature (SST) resolution of the interaction between atmospheric and oceanic fronts in the Gulf Stream region in the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data set. Two periods are considered, January 1979 to December 2001 (SST resolution 1° × 1°) and December 2010 to February 2016 (SST resolution 0.05° × 0.05°). The winter season from the latter 6 years of high‐resolution SST is compared against six random periods of six wintertime seasons from the low‐resolution SST period, to assess the robustness of the result against natural climate variability. In all comparisons, a significant change in frontal air‐sea sensible heat flux exchange is found that is highly correlated to the change in mean SST gradient. This leads to both increases and decreases in occurrence of atmospheric fronts and mean precipitation of up to 30%. These results reemphasize the importance of high SST resolution in resolving the influence of oceanic fronts on weather and climate.
Electrodynamic disturbances in the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere on St. Patrick's Day storm of 17 March 2015
Authors: Venkatesh K. , Tulasi Ram S. , Fagundes P. R. , Seemala Gopi K. , Batista I. S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe St. Patrick's Day storm of 17 March 2015 has a long‐lasting main phase with the Dst reaching a minimum of −223 nT. During the main phase, two strong prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) phases took place; first with the southward turning of IMF Bz around ~1200 UT and the second with the onset of a substorm around ~1725 UT leading to strong equatorial zonal electric field enhancements. The consequent spatiotemporal disturbances in the ionospheric total electron content and the resultant modifications in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) over the Brazilian longitudinal sector are investigated in detail. The simultaneous measurements from a large network of GPS receivers, ionosonde, and magnetometers over the Brazilian longitudinal sector are used for this study. In the presence of enhanced zonal electric field, the equatorial F2 layer peak (hmF2) experienced a rapid uplift without any significant change in the base height (h′F); while the F2 layer is redistributed into F2 and F3 layers. The enhanced zonal electric filed due to PPEF led to the strong super fountain effect under which the anomaly crest departed poleward to ~40°S latitude. In the presence of westward and equatorward wind surge over Brazil with the coexisting disturbance dynamo fields, strong hemispheric asymmetry is seen in the storm time response of EIA during both the PPEF phases.
Socioeconomic Predictors of Incident Depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mccormick Natalie , Trupin Laura , Yelin Edward H. , Katz Patricia P. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo assess different measures of socioeconomic status (SES) as predictors of incident depression among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsData were derived from the 2010–2015 waves of the Lupus Outcomes Study, where individuals with confirmed SLE were interviewed annually by telephone. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, using a validated lupus‐specific cutoff (≥23) for major depressive disorder. Women interviewed in ≥2 consecutive waves, with scores <23 in the first wave (T1), were included. The level of financial strain was classified as high, moderate, or none based on responses to 3 questions. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impact of poverty status, income, education, and financial strain at T1 on the risk of incident depression the next year (T2), with adjustment for sociodemographic and disease status measures. Individuals could contribute more than one 2‐year dyad to the analysis.ResultsIn total, 682 women contributed 2,097 observations, with 19% having high financial strain, 47% moderate strain, and 34% no strain. There were 166 women who had 184 episodes of incident depression (rate = 8.8/100 person‐years). In bivariate analysis, poverty, lower income and education, disease activity, and high financial strain were associated with depression onset; race/ethnicity was not. Poverty, income, and education were not significant in multivariate analyses, but disease activity and high financial strain were (odds ratio 1.85 [95% confidence interval 1.06–3.23]).ConclusionHigh financial strain was a significant predictor of new‐onset depression in women with SLE, controlling for disease factors and other SES measures. Determining specific, modifiable sources of financial strain may help prevent the development of depression.
Intramolecular C−H Alkenylation of N‐Alkynylindoles: Exo and Endo Selective Cyclization According to the Choice of Metal Catalyst
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Baba Takumi , Takano Hideaki , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe intramolecular reaction of 3‐acetyl‐N‐alkynylindoles proceeded via C−H bond cleavage at the C2 position. Iridium and rhodium catalysts selectively promoted 6‐exo‐dig and 7‐endo‐dig cyclization, respectively, and N‐fused tricyclic compounds were obtained.magnified image
Early Outcomes in Children With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Morishita Kimberly A. , Moorthy Lakshmi N. , Lubieniecka Joanna M. , Twilt Marinka , Yeung Rae S. M. , Toth Mary B. , Shenoi Susan , Ristic Goran , Nielsen Susan M. , Luqmani Raashid A. , Li Suzanne C. , Lee Tzielan , Lawson Erica F. , Kostik Mikhail M. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Huber Adam M. , Hersh Aimee O. , Foell Dirk , Elder Melissa E. , Eberhard Barbara A. , Dancey Paul , Charuvanij Sirirat , Benseler Susanne M. , Cabral David A. ,   for the ARChiVe Investigators Network within the PedVas Initiative
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo characterize the early disease course in childhood‐onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) and the 12‐month outcomes in children with AAV.MethodsEligible subjects were children entered into the Pediatric Vasculitis Initiative study who were diagnosed before their eighteenth birthday as having granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss), or ANCA‐positive pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis. The primary outcome measure was achievement of disease remission (Pediatric Vasculitis Activity Score [PVAS] of 0) at 12 months with a corticosteroid dosage of <0.2 mg/kg/day. Secondary outcome measures included the rates of inactive disease (PVAS of 0, with any corticosteroid dosage) and rates of improvement at postinduction (4–6 months after diagnosis) and at 12 months, presence of damage at 12 months (measured by a modified Pediatric Vasculitis Damage Index [PVDI]; score 0 = no damage, score 1 = one damage item present), and relapse rates at 12 months.ResultsIn total, 105 children with AAV were included in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 13.8 years (interquartile range 10.9–15.8 years). Among the study cohort, 42% of patients achieved remission at 12 months, 49% had inactive disease at postinduction (4–6 months), and 61% had inactive disease at 12 months. The majority of patients improved, even if they did not achieve inactive disease. An improvement in the PVAS score of at least 50% from time of diagnosis to postinduction was seen in 92% of patients. Minor relapses occurred in 12 (24%) of 51 patients after inactive disease had been achieved postinduction. The median PVDI damage score at 12 months was 1 (range 0–6), and 63% of patients had ≥1 PVDI damage item scored as present at 12 months.ConclusionThis is the largest study to date to assess disease outcomes in pediatric AAV. Although the study showed that a significant proportion of patients did not achieve remission, the majority of patients responded to treatment. Unfortunately, more than one‐half of this patient cohort experienced damage to various organ systems early in their disease course.
Compression Testing and Modeling of Spherical Cells – Comparison of Yeast and Algae
Authors: Overbeck Achim , Günther Steffi , Kampen Ingo , Kwade Arno 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the microalga Chlorella vulgaris were mechanically characterized using single‐cell compression experiments. Micromechanical cell characteristics could be calculated directly from the force displacement data. The mechanical properties of the cell wall were determined with different analytical models because the intrinsic parameters of the cell wall cannot be measured directly. As expected, the Young's moduli obtained from the cellular model and the cell wall model differ by two orders of magnitude. Although yeast and algal cells need similar forces to get disrupted, the bursting deformation and bursting energy of the algal cells are about two times smaller. Based on the dry biomass, the energy for cell breakage of C. vulgaris is about six times higher than that of S. cerevisiae. Finally, the tensile strength of the cell wall was calculated.
Taming a Vinyl Cation with a Simple Al(OTf)3 Catalyst To Promote C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Niggemann Meike , Fu Liang , Damsen Helena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA detailed mechanistic investigation identified the stepwise nature of the 1,3‐aryl shift, which enables our recently disclosed Al3+‐catalyzed insertion of unactivated alkynes into the sp2–sp3 C−C bond of benzyl alcohols. The selectivity for the rearranged product was found to be induced by the continued coordination of the aluminum catalyst to the rearranging species, which is encouraged by a reversible background reaction. This participation of the catalyst beyond the ionization step is unique in the realm of carbocation driven reactions and opens up the possibility of a catalyst‐induced chiral induction in the future. Furthermore, the study represents a rare example of detailed mechanistic analysis of a reaction with a product selectivity that changes with increasing conversion.
Finite element modeling, validation, and parametric investigations of a retinal reattachment stent
Authors: Rusovici R. , Dalli D. , Mitra K. , Ganiban G. , Grace M. , Mazzocchi R. , Calhoun M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new retinal reattachment surgical procedure is based on a stent that is deployed to press the retina back in place. An eye‐stent finite element model studied the strain induced by the stent on retina. Finite element model simulations were performed for several stent geometric configurations (number of loops, wire diameter, and intraocular pressure). The finite element model was validated against experiment. Parametric studies demonstrated that stents could be successfully designed so that the maximum strain would be below permanent damage strain threshold of 2%.
Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Samorì Paolo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe energy crisis and global warming are two of the greatest challenges that our society is facing nowadays, requiring an immediate solution that involves the development of clean, efficient, sustainable and cheap energy‐storage devices. These energy‐storage devices are highly desirable for applications in electrical vehicles, portable electronic devices, and power grids, etc. The electrochemical performance of the devices largely depends on the chemical compositions and structures of the electrode materials. Graphene/polymer hybrid nanocomposites have gained great attention as electrodes for energy storage because of their excellent mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties, originating from the synergistic effect of the two components. In this review, we present a general overview and recent advances of graphene/polymer nanocomposites as high‐performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. Major challenges to be tackled and future perspectives are also highlighted.
Bifunctional Molybdenum Polyoxometalates for the Combined Hydrodeoxygenation and Alkylation of Lignin‐Derived Model Phenolics
Authors: Anderson Eric , Crisci Anthony , Murugappan Karthick , Román‐Leshkov Yuriy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractReductive catalytic fractionation of biomass has recently emerged as a powerful lignin extraction and depolymerization method to produce monomeric aromatic oxygenates in high yields. Here, bifunctional molybdenum‐based polyoxometalates supported on titania (POM/TiO2) are shown to promote tandem hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and alkylation reactions, converting lignin‐derived oxygenated aromatics into alkylated benzenes and alkylated phenols in high yields. In particular, anisole and 4‐propylguaiacol were used as model compounds for this gas‐phase study using a packed‐bed flow reactor. For anisole, 30 % selectivity for alkylated aromatic compounds (54 % C‐alkylation of the methoxy groups by methyl balance) with an overall 72 % selectivity for HDO at 82 % anisole conversion was observed over H3PMo12O40/TiO2 at 7 h on stream. Under similar conditions, 4‐propylguaiacol was mainly converted into 4‐propylphenol and alkylated 4‐propylphenols with a selectivity to alkylated 4‐propylphenols of 42 % (77 % C‐alkylation) with a total HDO selectivity to 4‐propylbenzene and alkylated 4‐propylbenzenes of 4 % at 92 % conversion (7 h on stream). Higher catalyst loadings pushed the 4‐propylguaiacol conversion to 100 % and resulted in a higher selectivity to propylbenzene of 41 %, alkylated aromatics of 21 % and alkylated phenols of 17 % (51 % C‐alkylation). The reactivity studies coupled with catalyst characterization revealed that Lewis acid sites act synergistically with neighboring Brønsted acid sites to simultaneously promote alkylation and hydrodeoxygenation activity. A reaction mechanism is proposed involving activation of the ether bond on a Lewis acid site, followed by methyl transfer and C‐alkylation. Mo‐based POMs represent a versatile catalytic platform to simultaneously upgrade lignin‐derived oxygenated aromatics into alkylated arenes.
Forest management could counteract distribution retractions forced by climate change
Authors: Mair Louise , Harrison Philip J. , Räty Minna , Bärring Lars , Strandberg Gustav , Snäll Tord 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClimate change is expected to drive the distribution retraction of northern species. However, particularly in regions with a history of intensive exploitation, changes in habitat management could facilitate distribution expansions counter to expectations under climate change. Here, we test the potential for future forest management to facilitate the southward expansion of an old‐forest species from the boreal region into the boreo‐nemoral region, contrary to expectations under climate change. We used an ensemble of species distribution models based on citizen science data to project the response of Phellinus ferrugineofuscus, a red‐listed old‐growth indicator, wood‐decaying fungus, to six forest management and climate change scenarios. We projected change in habitat suitability across the boreal and boreo‐nemoral regions of Sweden for the period 2020–2100. Scenarios varied in the proportion of forest set aside from production, the level of timber extraction, and the magnitude of climate change. Habitat suitabilities for the study species were projected to show larger relative increases over time in the boreo‐nemoral region compared to the boreal region, under all scenarios. By 2100, mean suitabilities in set‐aside forest in the boreo‐nemoral region were similar to the suitabilities projected for set‐aside forest in the boreal region in 2020, suggesting that occurrence in the boreo‐nemoral region could be increased. However, across all scenarios, consistently higher projected suitabilities in set‐aside forest in the boreal region indicated that the boreal region remained the species stronghold. Furthermore, negative effects of climate change were evident in the boreal region, and projections suggested that climatic changes may eventually counteract the positive effects of forest management in the boreo‐nemoral region. Our results suggest that the current rarity of this old‐growth indicator species in the boreo‐nemoral region may be due to the history of intensive forestry. Forest management therefore has the potential to compensate for the negative effects of climate change. However, increased occurrence at the southern range edge would depend on the dispersal and colonization ability of the species. An increase in the amount of set‐aside forest across both the boreal and boreo‐nemoral regions is therefore likely to be required to prevent the decline of old‐forest species under climate change.
Source water contributions and hydrologic responses to simulated emerald ash borer infestations in depressional black ash wetlands
Authors: Van Grinsven Matthew J. , Shannon Joseph P. , Davis Joshua C. , Bolton Nicholas W. , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. , Kolka Randall K. , Pypker Thomas G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractForested wetlands dominated by black ash (Fraxinus nigra) are currently threatened by the rapid expansion of the exotic emerald ash borer (EAB;Agrilus planipennis,Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America, and very little is known about the hydrology and ecology of black ash wetlands. The ecohydrological response of forested wetlands following a canopy disturbance has the potential to affect critical ecosystem services, and the degree of this effect may largely depend on the wetland's hydrogeological setting. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the hydrologic connectivity of uninfested black ash wetlands and evaluate the water table response to a simulated EAB disturbance. We hypothesized that black ash wetlands in northern Michigan were (a) seasonally connected to, and derived the majority of their water from groundwater, and (b) wetland water tables would be elevated following a simulated EAB infestation due to decreased transpiration with the loss of black ash. The results indicate that the black ash wetland sites received most of their water from groundwater discharge. Significantly smaller site transpiration fluxes and significantly slower rates of drawdown were detected during the growing season in the girdled and ash‐cut treatment sites, and these responses collectively produced significantly elevated wetland water tables when compared to control sites in the latter portions of the growing season. However, the wetlands' strong connection with groundwater sources likely buffered the magnitude of hydrological responses associated with the loss of black ash from the landscape.
Effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure of dune‐dwelling lizards
Authors: Walkup Danielle K. , Leavitt Daniel J. , Fitzgerald Lee A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLandscape fragmentation alters biotic and abiotic characteristics of landscapes, variously affecting the size and demographic structure of species' populations. Fragmentation is predicted to negatively impact habitat specialists because of perturbations to their habitat, whereas generalists should be less sensitive to fragmentation. Differences in life history among the lizards in this community should partly explain some of the variation in generalist species' responses to fragmentation. During five seasons (2009–2013), we captured eight species of lizards on 27 independent trapping grids located in unfragmented (N = 18) and fragmented (N = 9) grids in the Mescalero‐Monahans Sandhills ecosystem in southeastern New Mexico. Using a two‐way ANOVA, we tested for effects of fragmentation and year on capture rates for each species. To test for effects of fragmentation on demographic structure, we used contingency tables with expected frequencies computed from the demographic structure on unfragmented grids. Capture rates of the endemic habitat specialist Sceloporus arenicolus (dunes sagebrush lizard) decreased to zero in fragmented sites. The demographic structure of S. arenicolus and Holbrookia maculata (common lesser earless lizard) was severely disrupted at fragmented sites, with proportions of juveniles, adult males, or adult females being over‐ or underrepresented during sample months. Variable responses of five generalist species could be attributed to life history patterns, habitat affinity, and breeding phenology. This is the first empirical study we are aware of that describes and quantifies the demographic effects of fragmentation on populations of multiple lizard species in a replicated study. Our findings lend important insights into how habitat specialization and differences in life history influence the susceptibility of species to the impacts of fragmentation.