bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D image‐based navigators for coronary MR angiography
Authors: Addy Nii Okai , Ingle R. Reeve , Luo Jieying , Baron Corey A. , Yang Phillip C. , Hu Bob S. , Nishimura Dwight G. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo develop a method for acquiring whole‐heart 3D image‐based navigators (iNAVs) with isotropic resolution for tracking and correction of localized motion in coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA).MethodsTo monitor motion in all regions of the heart during a free‐breathing scan, a variable‐density cones trajectory was designed to collect a 3D iNAV every heartbeat in 176 ms with 4.4 mm isotropic spatial resolution. The undersampled 3D iNAV data were reconstructed with efficient self‐consistent parallel imaging reconstruction (ESPIRiT). 3D translational and nonrigid motion‐correction methods using 3D iNAVs were compared to previous translational and nonrigid methods using 2D iNAVs.ResultsFive subjects were scanned with a 3D cones CMRA sequence, accompanied by both 2D and 3D iNAVs. The quality of the right and left anterior descending coronary arteries was assessed on 2D and 3D iNAV‐based motion‐corrected images using a vessel sharpness metric and qualitative reader scoring. This assessment showed that nonrigid motion correction based on 3D iNAVs produced results that were noninferior to correction based on 2D iNAVs.ConclusionThe ability to acquire isotropic‐resolution 3D iNAVs every heartbeat during a CMRA scan was demonstrated. Such iNAVs enabled direct measurement of localized motion for nonrigid motion correction in free‐breathing whole‐heart CMRA. Magn Reson Med 77:1874–1883, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Nonrigid Motion Correction With 3D Image‐Based Navigators for Coronary MR Angiography
Authors: Luo Jieying , Addy Nii Okai , Ingle R. Reeve , Baron Corey A. , Cheng Joseph Y. , Hu Bob S. , Nishimura Dwight G. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo develop a retrospective nonrigid motion‐correction method based on 3D image‐based navigators (iNAVs) for free‐breathing whole‐heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).MethodsThe proposed method detects global rigid‐body motion and localized nonrigid motion from 3D iNAVs and compensates them with an autofocusing algorithm. To model the global motion, 3D rotation and translation are estimated from the 3D iNAVs. Two sets of localized nonrigid motions are obtained from deformation fields between 3D iNAVs and reconstructed binned images, respectively. A bank of motion‐corrected images is generated and the final image is assembled pixel‐by‐pixel by selecting the best focused pixel from this bank. In vivo studies with six healthy volunteers were conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with 3D translational motion correction and no correction.ResultsIn vivo studies showed that compared to no correction, 3D translational motion correction and the proposed method increased the vessel sharpness by 13% ± 13% and 19% ± 16%, respectively. Out of 90 vessel segments, 75 segments showed improvement with the proposed method compared to 3D translational correction.ConclusionWe have developed a nonrigid motion‐correction method based on 3D iNAVs and an autofocusing algorithm that improves the vessel sharpness of free‐breathing whole‐heart coronary MRA. Magn Reson Med 77:1884–1893, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: Clinical management recommendations of the Neurologic Incontinence committee of the fifth International Consultation on Incontinence 2013
Authors: Drake Marcus John , Apostolidis Apostolos , Cocci Andrea , Emmanuel Anton , Gajewski Jerzy B. , Harrison Simon C.W. , Heesakkers John P.F.A. , Lemack Gary E. , Madersbacher Helmut , Panicker Jalesh N. , Radziszewski Piotr , Sakakibara Ryuji , Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundEvidence‐based guidelines for the management of neurological disease and lower urinary tract dysfunction have been produced by the International Consultations on Incontinence (ICI). These are comprehensive guidelines, and were developed to have world‐wide relevance.AimsTo update clinical management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction from the recommendations of the fourth ICI, 2009.Materials and methodsA series of evidence reviews and updates were performed by members of the working group. The resulting guidelines were presented at the 2012 meeting of the European Association of Urology for consultation, and consequently amended to deliver evidence‐based conclusions and recommendations in 2013.ResultsThe current review is a synthesis of the conclusions and recommendations, including the algorithms for initial and specialized management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. The pathophysiology is categorized according to the nature of onset of neurological disease and the part(s) of the nervous system affected. Assessment requires clinical evaluation, general investigations, and specialized testing. Treatment primarily focuses on ensuring safety of the patient and optimizing quality of life. Symptom management covers conservative and interventional measures to aid urine storage and bladder emptying, along with containment of incontinence. A multidisciplinary approach to management is essential.DiscussionThe review offers a pragmatic review of management in the context of complex pathophysiology and varied evidence base. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:657–665, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of prophylactic antibiotics for intra‐vesicle Botox® injection
Authors: Khan Mohammad Hassan , Baldo Omer , Koenig Philip , Shaikh Naeem 
Published: May 2016

AimBotox injection in bladder wall is increasingly used in urology for over active bladder and neurogenic bladder. Aim of this audit is to assess the incidence of UTI after procedure and need for routine use of pre and post procedure antibiotics.MethodIt was case notes and lab results based retrospective study of all the patients attended for intra‐vesicle Botox injection.ResultsRate of UTI's were lower in the group who received antibiotics pre and post operatively as compared to those who did not.ConclusionRoutine antibiotics use lowers the risk of UTI's in patients receiving intra‐vesicle botox. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:828–828, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The transition of young adults with lifelong urological needs from pediatric to adult services: An international children's continence society position statement
Authors: Bower Wendy F. , Christie Deborah , DeGennaro Mario , Latthe Pallavi , Raes Ann , Romao Rodrigo L.P. , Taghizadeh Arash , Wood Dan , Woodhouse Christopher R.J. , Bauer Stuart B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionChildren with urinary tract disorders managed by teams, or individual pediatricians, urologists, nephrologists, gastroenterologists, neurologists, psychologists, and nurses at some point move from child‐centered to adult‐centered health systems. The actual physical change is referred to as the transfer whilst the process preceding this move constitutes transition of care. Our aims are twofold: to identify management and health‐service problems related to children with congenital or acquired urological conditions who advance into adulthood and the clinical implications this has for long‐term health and specialist care; and, to understand the issues facing both pediatric and adult‐care clinicians and to develop a systems‐approach model that meets the needs of young adults, their families and the clinicians working within adult services.MethodsInformation was gleaned from presentations at an International Children's Continence Society meeting with collaboration from the International Continence Society, that discussed problems of transfer and transitioning such children. Several specialists attending this conference finalized this document identifying issues and highlighting ways to ease this transition and transfer of care for both patients and practitioners.ResultsThe consensus was, urological patients with congenital or other lifelong care needs, are now entering adulthood in larger numbers than previously, necessitating new planning processes for tailored transfer of management. Adult teams must become familiar with new clinical problems in multiple organ systems and anticipate issues provoked by adolescence and physical growth. During this period of transitional care the clinician or team assists young patients to build attitudes, skills and understanding of processes needed to maximize function of their urinary tract—thus taking responsibility for their own healthcare needs. Preparation must also address, negotiating adult health care systems, psychosocial, educational or vocational issues, and mental wellbeing.ConclusionsTransitioning and transfer of children with major congenital anomalies to clinicians potentially unfamiliar with their conditions requires improved education both for receiving doctors and children's families. Early initiation of the transition process should allow the transference to take place at appropriate times based on the child's development, and environmental and financial factors. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:811–819, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obesity enhances sepsis‐induced liver inflammation and injury in mice
Authors: Kaplan Jennifer M. , Nowell Marchele , Lahni Patrick , Shen Hui , Shanmukhappa Shiva K. , Zingarelli Basilia 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveHow obesity affects the response to sepsis was not completely understood. It was hypothesized that obesity alters adipose and hepatic tissue inflammation through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) activation.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice at 6 weeks of age were randomized to a high‐fat diet (60% kcal fat) or normal diet (16% kcal fat) for 6 to 7 weeks. Sepsis was then induced by cecal ligation and puncture, and animals were monitored for survival or sacrificed and tissue collected.ResultsHigh‐fat diet‐fed mice gained more weight, had increased fat mass, and were glucose intolerant compared with normal diet‐fed mice. Obesity increased hepatic neutrophil infiltration and injury after sepsis. Mice with obesity had higher plasma leptin levels compared with mice without obesity. Adipose tissue expression of adiponectin receptor 2, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma was altered during sepsis and affected by obesity, but the greatest change in adipose tissue expression was in leptin. Septic mice with obesity had lower plasma interleukin‐17a, interleukin‐23, and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels and increased hepatic STAT3 and activator protein‐1 activation compared with septic mice without obesity. Ultimately, mice with obesity had a lower probability of survival following sepsis.ConclusionsMice with obesity are more susceptible to sepsis and have higher mortality, in part, through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and through activator protein‐1 activation.
Incidence and types of adverse events during mass vaccination campaign with the meningococcal a conjugate vaccine (MENAFRIVAC™) in Cameroon
Authors: Ateudjieu Jerome , Stoll Beat , Nguefack‐Tsague Georges , Yakum Martin Ndinakie , Mengouo Marcellin Nimpa , Genton Blaise 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeA new vaccine against meningitis A was introduced in Africa meningitis belt in 2010. This study was planned to describe the incidence and types of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) with a new conjugate vaccine against meningitis A (MenAfrivac™) in a Cameroonian vaccination campaign.MethodsThe campaign was conducted in Adamawa and North West regions in December 2012 and the AEFIs enhanced surveillance from December 2012 to January 2013. Incidence rates (IR) of overall and serious AEFIs were estimated as well as AEFI incidence rates by type, age group and region. AEFI symptoms were aggregated in System Organ Class (SOC).ResultsOf 2 093 381 persons vaccinated, 1352 AEFIs were reported. Of these, 228 (16.9%) were excluded because of not meeting inclusion criteria and 1124 (83.1%) included (IR: 53.7/100 000 doses administered/8 weeks). Of the 82 serious AEFIs reported, 52 (63.2%) met the case definition. 23 (28.1%) were investigated, of which 4 (17.4%) were probably vaccine product‐related reactions (IR: 0.2/100 000 doses administered/8 weeks). Fever was the most common reported AEFI with 626 cases (IR: 31.4/100 000 doses administered/8 weeks). The proportion of people with the SOC “Gastrointestinal disorders” was significantly lower in ages 5–15 and 16–29 years than 1–4 years [aRR = 0.63(0.42–0.93) and 0.54(0.36–0.81) respectively].ConclusionIncidence and types of AEFI reported during MenAfriVacTM vaccination campaign organized in Cameroon in 2012 did not suggest concern regarding the vaccine safety. Differences in frequency of AEFIs types per age group could guide the monitoring of AEFIs frequency in future campaigns. Efforts are needed to improve the investigation rate of serious AEFIs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnic Differentials in Health: the Additional Effect of Ethnic Density
Authors: Feng Zhixin , Vlachantoni Athina , Falkingham Jane , Evandrou Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is well established that there are differentials in health among individuals of different Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) heritage. BME communities are unevenly concentrated across England and Wales. This paper examines the effect of residential density of one's own‐ethnic group on physical health outcomes in England and Wales. In addition, it explores whether the effects of ethnic density on physical health outcomes are concealed by area deprivation and whether individual economic deprivation and area deprivation play a role in this relationship. Data on BME and White British individuals from the first wave of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society) are linked with ethnic density characteristics from the 2011 UK Census and with the Index of Multiple Deprivation from the 2010 English and Welsh Governments. Multilevel logistic regression is then employed in the analysis. The results show that individuals from BME groups who live in areas with a high density of their own‐ethnic group are more likely to report poor health, but these effects are mediated by both individual economic deprivation and area deprivation. The results highlight that facilitating the improvement of economic and social conditions for individuals in deprived areas could help reduce the negative differentials in health outcomes experienced by individuals from BME communities. © 2016 The Authors Population, Space and Place Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Residential Choice among Rural–Urban Migrants after Hukou Reform: Evidence from Suzhou, China
Authors: Huang Xu , Dijst Martin , van Weesep Jan , Jiao Yixue , Sun Ying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reform of China's socialist residential registration system (hukou) led to a shift in the residential preferences of rural–urban migrants, whereby the meaning of ‘home’ has also been changing. Data from a 2009 survey conducted in Suzhou City in Jiangsu Province highlight some emerging strategies for residential choice. Compared with ‘first‐generation’ migrants who grew up under socialism and migrated before the hukou reform, members of the ‘new generation’ born after 1980 attach less value to hukou benefits. Instead, their choice of a future place of residence appears to be related to the institutional reforms that are gradually separating social welfare provisions from the hukou system. As the draw of a local hukou declines, the strategies of a migrant's family to leverage their financial resources are found to play a bigger role in one's aspirations to establish a home in Suzhou. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZnSe:Mn aqueous colloidal quantum dots for optical and biomedical applications
Authors: Silva Thiago G. , Moura Igor M. R. , Filho Paulo E. Cabral , Pereira Maria I. A. , Filho Clayton A. Azevedo , Pereira Goreti , Pereira Giovannia A. L. , Fontes Adriana , Santos Beate S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study, we present the optimization of the optical properties of Mn2+ doped ZnSe QDs (also referred to as d‐dots) coated with thioglycolic acid in aqueous medium. The nanoparticles were characterized by ionic coupled plasma, electron paramagnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffractometry. By applying a controlled dose of UV irradiation, we obtained efficient orange emitting d‐dots (4T1→ 6A1 transition centered at 580 nm). The results point out to a doping fraction in the nanoparticles smaller than 1% (0.89%), and that the Mn2+ ions are preferentially located close to the particle's surface. The UV photoactivation procedure has a definite influence on the emission intensity and on the colloidal stability of the particles. Photoactivated Mn2+ d‐dots were conjugated to Concanavalin A and labeled specifically Candida albicans yeast cells, by targeting carbohydrate residues depicting the successful use of these QDs as fluorescent probes. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deprotonation effect of tetrahydrofuran‐2‐carbonitrile buffer gas dopant in ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Fernandez‐Maestre Roberto , Meza‐Morelos Dairo , Wu Ching 
Published: May 2016

RationaleWhen dopants are introduced into the buffer gas of an ion mobility spectrometer, spectra are simplified due to charge competition.MethodsWe used electrospray ionization to inject tetrahydrofuran‐2‐carbonitrile (F, 2‐furonitrile or 2‐furancarbonitrile) as a buffer gas dopant into an ion mobility spectrometer coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Density functional theory was used for theoretical calculations of dopant‐ion interaction energies and proton affinities, using the hybrid functional X3LYP/6‐311++(d,p) with the Gaussian 09 program that accounts for the basis set superposition error; analytes structures and theoretical calculations with Gaussian were used to explain the behavior of the analytes upon interaction with F.ResultsWhen F was used as a dopant at concentrations below 1.5 mmol m–3 in the buffer gas, ions were not observed for α‐amino acids due to charge competition with the dopant; this deprotonation capability arises from the production of a dimer with a high formation energy that stabilized the positive charge and created steric hindrance that deterred the equilibrium with analyte ions. F could not completely strip other compounds of their charge because they either showed steric hindrance at the charge site that deterred the approach of the dopant (2,4‐lutidine, and DTBP), formed intramolecular bonds that stabilized the positive charge (atenolol), had high proton affinity (2,4‐lutidine, DTBP, valinol and atenolol), or were inherently ionic (tetraalkylammonium ions).ConclusionsThis selective deprotonation suggests the use of F to simplify spectra of complex mixtures in ion mobility and mass spectrometry in metabolomics, proteomics and other studies that generate complex spectra with thousands of peaks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay: novel mechanistic insights and biological impact
Authors: Karousis Evangelos D. , Nasif Sofia , Mühlemann Oliver 
Published: May 2016

Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) was originally coined to define a quality control mechanism that targets mRNAs with truncated open reading frames due to the presence of a premature termination codon. Meanwhile, it became clear that NMD has a much broader impact on gene expression and additional biological functions beyond quality control are continuously being discovered. We review here the current views regarding the molecular mechanisms of NMD, according to which NMD ensues on mRNAs that fail to terminate translation properly, and point out the gaps in our understanding. We further summarize the recent literature on an ever‐rising spectrum of biological processes in which NMD appears to be involved, including homeostatic control of gene expression, development and differentiation, as well as viral defense. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:661–682. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1357This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Function and evolution of the long noncoding RNA circuitry orchestrating X‐chromosome inactivation in mammals
Authors: Furlan Giulia , Rougeulle Claire 
Published: May 2016

X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a chromosome‐wide regulatory process that ensures dosage compensation for X‐linked genes in Theria. XCI is established during early embryogenesis and is developmentally regulated. Different XCI strategies exist in mammalian infraclasses and the regulation of this process varies also among closely related species. In Eutheria, initiation of XCI is orchestrated by a cis‐acting locus, the X‐inactivation center (Xic), which is particularly enriched in genes producing long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Among these, Xist generates a master transcript that coats and propagates along the future inactive X‐chromosome in cis, establishing X‐chromosome wide transcriptional repression through interaction with several protein partners. Other lncRNAs also participate to the regulation of X‐inactivation but the extent to which their function has been maintained in evolution is still poorly understood. In Metatheria, Xist is not conserved, but another, evolutionary independent lncRNA with similar properties, Rsx, has been identified, suggesting that lncRNA‐mediated XCI represents an evolutionary advantage. Here, we review current knowledge on the interplay of X chromosome‐encoded lncRNAs in ensuring proper establishment and maintenance of chromosome‐wide silencing, and discuss the evolutionary implications of the emergence of species‐specific lncRNAs in the control of XCI within Theria. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:702–722. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1359This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Expected and unexpected features of protein‐binding RNA aptamers
Authors: Bjerregaard Nils , Andreasen Peter A. , Dupont Daniel M. 
Published: May 2016

RNA molecules with high affinity to specific proteins can be isolated from libraries of up to 1016 different RNA sequences by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). These so‐called protein‐binding RNA aptamers are often interesting, e.g., as modulators of protein function for therapeutic use, for probing the conformations of proteins, for studies of basic aspects of nucleic acid–protein interactions, etc. Studies on the interactions between RNA aptamers and proteins display a number of expected and unexpected features, including the chemical nature of the interacting RNA‐protein surfaces, the conformation of protein‐bound aptamer versus free aptamer, the conformation of aptamer‐bound protein versus free protein, and the effects of aptamers on protein function. Here, we review current insights into the details of RNA aptamer–protein interactions. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:744–757. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1360This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications