bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Masked Hypertension Among Blacks in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Anstey D. Edmund , Booth John N. , Abdalla Marwah , Spruill Tanya M. , Min Yuan-I , Muntner Paul , Shimbo Daichi 
Published: July 2017

Background—
Among individuals without hypertension based on clinic blood pressure (BP), it is unclear who should be screened for masked hypertension, defined as having hypertension based on out-of-clinic BP. We hypothesized that individuals with a higher 10-year predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, calculated using the pooled cohort risk equations, have a higher prevalence of masked hypertension.

Methods and Results—
We analyzed data from the Jackson Heart Study—a population-based cohort of blacks—to determine the association of predicted ASCVD risk with masked hypertension. The sample included 644 participants, 40 to 79 years of age, with clinic systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mm Hg, who completed ambulatory BP monitoring, were free of cardiovascular disease, and had data on factors needed to calculate ASCVD risk. Ten-year predicted ASCVD risk was calculated using the pooled cohort risk equations. Any masked hypertension was defined as masked daytime hypertension (mean daytime systolic/diastolic BP ≥135/85 mm Hg), masked nighttime hypertension (mean nighttime systolic/diastolic BP ≥120/70 mm Hg), or masked 24-hour hypertension (mean 24-hour systolic/diastolic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg). The prevalence of any masked hypertension was 54.0%. Compared with participants in the lowest (<5%) predicted ASCVD risk category, multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) for any masked hypertension were 1.36 (1.03–1.79), 1.62 (1.22–2.16), and 1.91 (1.47–2.48) for those with ASCVD risk of 5% to <7.5%, 7.5% to <10%, and ≥10%, respectively. The C statistic for discriminating between participants with versus without any masked hypertension was 0.681 (95% confidence interval, 0.640–0.723) for ASCVD risk and 0.703 (95% confidence interval, 0.663–0.744) for clinic systolic BP and diastolic BP.

Conclusions—
Higher ASCVD risk was associated with an increased prevalence of masked hypertension. Although the discrimination of ASCVD risk for masked hypertension was not superior to clinic BP, risk prediction equations may be useful for identifying the subgroup of individuals with both masked hypertension and high predicted ASCVD risk.
The Kaiser, The Tsar, and The Computer: Information Processing in a Crisis
Authors: de Sola Pool Ithiel , Kessler Allan 
Published: July 2017

Crisiscom is a computer simulation of national decision makers processing information during a crisis. The project has several purposes: 1. It is designed to increase our understanding of the process of deterrence by exploring how far the behavior of political decision makers in crisis can be explained by psychological mechanisms. This is done by comparing the output of the highly simplified computer model based on principles of individual psychology with records of actual political behavior. 2. It is designed to put together a good deal of what we know about the psychology of deterrence into a rigorous and formal system and thus to serve as an integrating device for that body of knowledge. 3. It is designed to be used in human games of the type represented by Bloomfield's DETEX games to provide inputs for teams that cannot be staffed with humans and to represent aspects of the environment that are not played out by the human players. 4. It is designed perhaps ultimately to provide a way of simulating a variety of possible crises. It will be some time before we have enough confidence in the model to use it in such a semi-predictive fashion, but that cannot be ruled out.
A Real-Time Software Package for Teaching Digital Control
Authors: Marcos M. , Wellstead P. E. , Sandoval J. M. 
Published: July 2017

A real-time software package for teaching digital control A PC-based program package is described for the real-time control of both simulated and real dynamical systems. The program allows a range of controller types to be implemented, ranging from classical to modern control algorithms. A comprehensive simulation facility is also provided for controller validation trials. The package is intended to be helpful in a control laboratory as a complement to a course on digital control system design for undergraduate students.
B-H Loop Representation for Transient Studies
Authors: Lucas J. Rohan , Mclaren Peter G. 
Published: July 2017

B-H loop representation for transient studies This paper presents an improved model for generating the flux-current excursions of a transformer core for transient studies. The model is based on the non-integer-power series in flux density representation of the magnetisation characteristic. The loops generated are shown to agree with reported experimental investigations.
Teaching VLSI Design Using Chipwise
Authors: Walczowski L. T. , Waller W. A. J. , Wells E. 
Published: July 2017

Teaching VSLI design using ChipWise ChipWise is a design system for VLSI circuits developed at the University of Kent, based on tools which originated at several academic institutions and tools obtained from industry. From 1st August, 1990, ChipWise will be included as a supported package within the software portfolio offered by the U.K. Higher Education ECAD Initiative. This paper describes the design tools and their application in a typical laboratory exercise.
Inclusion of Frequency Dependent Losses in Transformer Flux-Current Excursions
Authors: Lucas J. Rohan 
Published: July 2017

Inclusion of frequency dependent losses in transformer flux-current excursions This paper presents a model for the frequency dependent losses in the transformer core for transient studies. The non-integer power series approach is extended to include the frequency dependent behaviour of the losses. The results obtained are compared with manufacturer's data and are found to give a very good fit.
A Control Project for Electronics Engineering Students
Authors: Braae M. 
Published: July 2017

A control project for electronics engineering students The relevance of control theory to electrical engineering can be demonstrated vividly to undergraduate students by its application to the design of linear continuous electronic circuits that control the height of a hovering helicopter, animated on a PC screen. The object of the student project is to design altitude control electronics by using control theory. The flexibility of the PC allows for full data logging and graphic display features as well as giving each student a unique set of parameters.
Implementation of a Simplified and Exact Method for the Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers in a Computer Program
Authors: Hendriks E. A. , Pluygers A. C. 
Published: July 2017

Implementation of a simplified and exact method for the analysis of feedback amplifiers in a computer program This paper describes a PC-based computer program for the analysis of negative feedback amplifiers, based on the asymptotic gain model. No approximations have to be made and the calculated model parameters are exact. The program has proved to be a powerful tool for the design of feedback amplifiers.
Matrix Model of Logical Simulator Within Spreadsheet
Authors: Levin Ilya 
Published: July 2017

Matrix model of logical simulator within spreadsheet This paper examines the use of spreadsheets for simulation of logical control units. A matrix model is proposed for this aim. The use of this model is appropriate both for teaching and learning of simulation of a specific type of integrated circuit — Programmable Logic Arrays — and also for any type of control unit representable in the form of a logical function system.
Determination of the Torque-Speed Characteristic of an Induction Motor Using a Curve-Fitting Technique
Authors: Chan T. F. 
Published: July 2017

Determination of the torque-speed characteristic of an induction motor using a curve-fitting technique This paper describes the use of a curve-fitting technique to deduce the nominal torque-speed characteristic of a three-phase induction motor from the speed data obtained in a no-load acceleration test. Experimental results show that the fitted curve is reasonably close to the torque-speed characteristic obtained from an actual load test.
Quality Control in Engineering Undergraduate Teaching — Some Issues Raised at Individual Course Level
Authors: Renfrew A. C. 
Published: July 2017

Quality control in engineering undergraduate teaching — some issues raised at individual course level In an attempt to apply quality principles to a course of lecture, tutorial and laboratory classes, BS5750, an industrial standard, translated into course requirements and “customers“ are identified. A service specification and a quality system are developed and an example of course design using this approach is provided.
Use of Computers in the Teaching of Electronics: A Survey
Authors: Gupta N. K. , Buchanan W. J. 
Published: July 2017

Use of computers in the teaching of electronics: a survey In a recent survey at Napier University, the students favoured increased use of computers in the teaching of electronics. The survey suggested the need for and has led to the designing of a new more computer-biased three-year B. Sc. degree course in electronics. The paper summarises the results of the survey.
High Voltage Live-Line Maintenance Laboratory
Authors: Bodger Patrick S. , Woudberg Jacobus J. 
Published: July 2017

High voltage live-line maintenance laboratory A laboratory has been designed to give undergraduate students exposure to high voltages in a controlled environment. The laboratory centres around live-line maintenance of power systems and assesses some of the physical effects of working conditions on the breakdown of air as well as providing some experience in high voltage testing.
Experiments on A D.C. Motor Based System for a Digital Control Course
Authors: Moreno L. , Acosta L. , MÉndez J. A. , Hamilton A. , Piñeiro J. , Merino J. J. , SÁnchez J. L. , Aguìlar R. M. 
Published: July 2017

Experiments on a d.c. motor-based system for a digital control course A set of real-time experiments is presented. These experiments are implemented on a position-velocity system and cover a wide range of control techniques. We start with basic control actions and continue with more complex strategies like optimal control. We emphasize the study of all practical aspects of the experiences: noise, delays, etc.
Scale Aspects of Electrical Machine Inductances
Authors: Jong H. C. J. De 
Published: July 2017

Scale aspects of electrical machine inductances Winding inductances have a natural trend to grow with increasing size. This may cause problems to electrical machines if, within a wide size range, the required per-unit values of certain reactances are more or less fixed. After having touched the transformer situation, two electrical machine solutions will be discussed: partial compartmentization of winding; interdependence of frequency and pole number.
A Programme of Laboratory Experiments to Aid the Teaching of Wave Phenomena to Foundation Year in Engineering Students
Authors: Booth W. 
Published: July 2017

A laboratory programme of experiments to assist the teaching of wave phenomena to Engineering Foundation Year students A programme of experiments targeted at Engineering Foundation Year students and aimed at illustrating the important properties and potential applications of different types of waves, including sound, ultrasonics, waves on stretched springs, physical optics and UHF radio transmission is described and discussed.
Greenhouse Automation Through Computer and Hertzian Link
Authors: RodríGuez M. , Ayala A. , Herrera F. , Priano F. H. 
Published: July 2017

Greenhouse automation through computer and Hertzian link Sometimes Electronic and Computer Science are the best support for many applications. The following paper shows a practical experience, the automation of a controlled farming greenhouse, where the engineering student can develop one of these multiple applications.
Classical Control — A Hybrid Design Method by Inspection
Authors: Lidgey S. M. I. 
Published: July 2017

Classical control – a hybrid design method by inspection This article describes a method whereby most linear time – invariant SISO control systems dominated by no more than three time constants can be designed by a simple procedure, refined if necessary by empirical formulae. In many cases specifying the initial peak time of a classical third order step response is sufficient.
Development of a User-Friendly Interface for The Creation of User Elements
Authors: Kinshuk  
Published: July 2017

Development of a user-friendly interface for the creation of user elements Commercial finite element packages like Ansys allow the users to develop new elements if desired elements are not available in the in-built libraries. This paper describes the development of a user friendly program by interfacing Mathematica package with Ansys to make the user element capability considerably generalised, and more efficient.
Mathematical Property Prediction Models for Flexible Polyurethane Foams—A Comparison between Conventional Slabstock, High Resilience Slabstock and High Resilience Molded Foams
Authors: Schiffauer R. 
Published: July 2017

Flexible polyurethane foams of all types are a unique group of plastics materials, characterized by the fact that a multitude of different sets of properties can be obtained by varying the levels of a relatively small number of base components in the formulations. This has always made flexible polyurethane foams a highly suitable candidate for correlating these variations in the formulations with the resulting properties in a mathematical way, aimed at predicting these properties as accurately as possible, fine-tuning existing grades and designing new foam grades. Several such models have been reported before, and significant improvements have been achieved in the accuracy of the models and the predictions. This paper extends the models for conventional flexible slabstock beyond the previously reported key properties, namely density, hardness and fatigue, to other properties like elongation, tear strength, tensile strength, set properties and foam exothermic temperature. Some further influencing variables are also included, such as, for example, low TDI indexes and low index stabilizers which lead to rather complex correlations including several interaction terms. A comparison between laboratory foam data and large scale data is also included. The second part of this paper discusses the influences of the specific variables for high resilience slabstock foam on a similar set of properties. Apart from the variables common to both HR and conventional foam, namely water level, TDI index and polymer solids, particular emphasis is put on the effect of diethanolamine, as well on highlighting the inherent differences in hardness between the two types of foam. In the final section of this paper, a mathematical model for high resilience molded foams is presented, using similar predicting variables as for high resilience slabstock foam plus the unique variable of "overpacking," in a standardized molding tool. This paper discusses the use of these models to either calculate properties from formulations or, alternatively, calculate formulations for given sets of properties, as well as mathematical and computer techniques to perform these calculations.
Zero ODP HFC Blowing Agents for Appliance Foam
Authors: Doerge Herman P. 
Published: July 2017

Although HCFC-141b has been selected as the best replacement for the blowing agent CFC-11 used in refrigerator or freezer foams in North America, it is only an interim solution in the ongoing efforts to replace CFCs. Under investigation are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). Papers have been presented at SPI conferences in 1991 and 1993 on one of these compounds, 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane or HFC-356mffm [1,2]. HFC-356mffm, like HCFC-141b, is a liquid with a low boiling point that offers low thermal conductivity in rigid polyurethane foams. It can be processed in existing processing equipment. It is nonflammable and does not form explosive mixtures with air. In addition, it offers good compatibility with appliance plastic food liners. Other potential zero ODP candidates are the isomers of HFC-245. The most promising of these is HFC-245fa. HFC-245fa is a liquid which boils at 150°C (59°F). It is highly miscible with many different polyols. It is reported to be nonflammable and produces foams with low thermal conductivity. Preliminary reports indicate it has shown good compatibility with plastic refrigerator liners, promising toxicity evaluation results, and feasibility of manufacture. The purpose of this paper is to present new information on foam formulations made with HFC-356mffm and one of the isomers of HFC-245. Our studies have shown that HFC-356mffm and HFC-245fa produce low thermal conductivity foams from masterbatches that do not separate upon aging. Information as to the processing of these systems in machinery will be presented. Results of these studies will be compared to a commercial HCFC-141b appliance foam system.
Effects of Melamine Particle Size on Flexible Polyurethane Foam Properties
Authors: Kageoka Masakazu , Tairaka Yoshihiko , Kodama Katsuhisa 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the relationships between the size of the melamine particles dispersed and the foam properties such as hardness, tensile strength, resiliency, and flammability in the formulation of the flame retarded polyurethane high resilient molded foam. Fine melamine particles, ca. 5 Im in average, were compared with the generally-used large ones, ca. 60 ym in average, for their effects on the properties of the resultant foam. Conventionally-used ACTCOL MF-34M, a polyether-polyol dispersing large melamine particles, and specially-developed ACTOOL MF-34N, a polyether-polyol dispersing fine melamine particles, were employed in this study. The foam with the fine particles showed higher hardness, better tensile properties, and less flammability than that with the larger ones. The resiliency of the foam, however, was slightly low in the fine particle system compares to that in the large particle system. By optical microscopy, we found that the fine particles dispersed everywhere in the foam skeleton and that the large particles were located only in the strut joints because the particles are larger than the strut thickness. With an increase in melamine content, the cellular structure was unchanged in the fine particle system, but in the large particle system the struts became thin and the melamine-embedded joints became thick. The deforming ways of the cellular skeletons were also monitored by optical microscopy during the compression and the stretching of the foams. When the foam was compressed, every part of the skeleton deformed in the fine particle system, and the struts mainly deformed in the large particle system. When the foam was stretched, the struts oriented to the longitudinal direction in the fine particle system, and the melamine-embedded rigid joints inhibited the orientation of the struts in the large particle system. The differences in mechanical properties of the foams obtained were thought to depend on the ways the melamine particles disperse in the cell skeleton. As for the difference in the flammability, the location and the surface area of the particles would be the important factors. The results in this paper indicate that a flame retarded foam with better physical properties can be manufactured by a polyol including melamine particles smaller than the strut thickness of the resultant foam.
Durability of Flexible Molded Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Utsumi H. , Isobe M. , Hiraide T. , Obata M. , Ohkubo K. , Sakai S. 
Published: July 2017

In recent years, we have developed highly resilient (HR) flexible molded foams with superb durability, resilience and vibration characteristics, and we have reported that these improvements were based on control of cross link degree of polymer, morphology and mobility of hard and soft segments. This paper describes factors that dominantly influence the durability and the mechanism of fatigue by investigation of cross linking by covalent and hydrogen-bonds and the morphology of hard/soft segments. In this study, we use molded foams with different durabilities. These are TDI-based high performance/conventional HR, MDI-based high-performance/conventional HR, and hot molded foams. On the whole, a small apparent viscosity coefficient, which is calculated from vibration characteristics of the foam, and a higher cross link degree of foam polymer make static and dynamic durability of flexible molded foam better. Mobility of the soft segment, estimated by solid state NMR, also dominates dynamic durability. Accordingly, hydrogen-bonds of the hard segment contribute against creep as a cross link point in static/dynamic durability test, and tight hydrogen-bonds of hot molded foam are durable against rupture or rebonding by water molecules in the wet compression set oven. The drop in cross link degree of foam polymer was not observed during vibration durability test. Accordingly, the mechanism of fatigue could be the change of state in hydrogen-bonds or tangling of polymer-chains, or relatively macro rupture.
D2-m-Carborane-Siloxanes. VI. Oxidative Stabilization of Vulcanizates with Ferric Oxide
Authors: Peters E. N. , Stewart D. D. , Bohan J. J. , McNeil D. W. 
Published: July 2017

Ferric oxide produced from iron pentacarbonyl was evaluated as an oxidative stabilizer in D2-m-carborane-siloxane and polydimethylsiloxane vulcanizates. The results indicate a significant improvement in efficiency compared to powdered ferric oxide. Thus a carborane-siloxane vulcanizate retained elastomeric properties after 1000 hours in air at 315°C. The practical upper use temperature for carborane-siloxane vulcanizates were evaluated by heat aging samples at 340° and 370°C.
Immunohistopathologic Analysis of Olfactory Degeneration Caused by Ischemia
Authors: Nakashima Tadashi , Kimmelman Charles P. , Snow James B. 
Published: July 2017

The development of olfactory dysfunction caused by ischemia was studied in Mongolian gerbils. Mongolian gerbils frequently have an anomaly of the cerebral circulation and are susceptible to brain ischemia or infarction following ligation of a single common carotid artery. Ischemia was induced by unilateral common carotid artery ligation or temporary occlusion of both common carotid arteries, and the olfactory pathway was examined. In the olfactory pathway of the forebrain, ischemic changes were observed in the lateral olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, olfactory ventricle, and anterior olfactory nucleus. The olfactory bulb was resistant to ischemia. Partial or complete degeneration of the ipsilateral olfactory neuroepithelium was observed in some gerbils that survived more than 14 days after the onset of ischemia. Immunohistopathologic analysis of the neuroepithelium for the olfactory marker protein revealed that functional damage of the olfactory neurons occurred in some gerbils within the first few days after the ischemic event.