bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Outsourcing Strategies When Capacity Is Limited
Authors: Ghamat Salar , Pun Hubert , Yan Xinghao 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTOutsourcing the production of selected components to competitors is becoming more common among original brand manufacturers (OBMs); however, OBMs’ increased attention to outsourcing and the growing demand in many markets can result in capacity allocation conflicts for the contract manufacturers. In this study, we consider a scenario in which the OBM decides whether to outsource to a third‐party supplier or to a competitive contract manufacturer (CCM) who has the option of producing a competing product and also has limited capacity. This setting consists of two levels of competition: competition in the component market between the CCM and the spot market, and competition in the final‐product market between the OBM and the CCM. The CCM first chooses the wholesale price and decides whether or not to sell a competing product to the customers. Next, the OBM decides the proportion of its component demand to outsource to the CCM, and then firms set the retail prices. We are interested in investigating the impacts of the CCM's capacity and the impacts of these two levels of competition. We show that the OBM might multisource its component demand only when competition in the final‐product market is intense. We also find that when the CCM's capacity increases, demand may decrease, while the retail price may increase. Moreover, the CCM can be worse off from having more capacity, even when the CCM's capacity is available for free. Our results also show that demand may increase when competition in the final‐product market becomes more intense. Finally, we find that the value of having a third‐party supplier to produce the component decreases amid the intensity of competition in the final‐product market.
Diagnostic accuracy of early magnetic resonance imaging to determine motor outcomes in infants born preterm: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: George Joanne M , Pannek Kerstin , Rose Stephen E , Ware Robert S , Colditz Paul B , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: November 2017

AimTo examine the diagnostic ability of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; <36wks postmenstrual age) to detect later adverse motor outcomes or cerebral palsy (CP) in infants born preterm.MethodStudies of infants born preterm with MRI earlier than 36 weeks postmenstrual age and quantitative motor data or a diagnosis of CP at or beyond 1 year corrected age were identified. Study details were extracted and meta‐analyses performed where possible. Quality of included studies was evaluated with the QUADAS‐2 (a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies).ResultsThirty‐one articles met the inclusion criteria, five of which reported diagnostic accuracy and five reported data sufficient for calculation of diagnostic accuracy. Early structural MRI global scores detected a later diagnosis of CP with a pooled sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 86–100) and a specificity of 93% (95% CI 59–100). Global structural MRI scores determined adverse motor outcomes with a pooled sensitivity of 89% (95% CI 44–100) and a specificity of 98% (95% CI 90–100). White matter scores determined adverse motor outcomes with a pooled sensitivity of 33% (95% CI 20–48) and a specificity of 83% (95% CI 78–88).InterpretationEarly structural MRI has reasonable sensitivity and specificity to determine adverse motor outcomes and CP in infants born preterm. Greater reporting of diagnostic accuracy in studies examining relationships with motor outcomes and CP is required to facilitate clinical utility of early MRI.What this paper adds

Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has reasonable sensitivity and specificity to determine later adverse motor outcomes and cerebral palsy (CP).

Detection of infants who progressed to CP was stronger than motor outcomes.

Global MRI scores determined adverse motor outcomes more accurately than white matter scores.

Few studies report diagnostic accuracy of early MRI findings.

Diagnostic accuracy is required to draw clinically meaningful conclusions from early MRI studies.
Accumulation of rest deficiency precedes sudden death of epileptic Kv1.1 knockout mice, a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Iyer Shruthi H. , Matthews Stephanie A. , Simeone Timothy A. , Maganti Rama , Simeone Kristina A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveChronic sleep deficiency is associated with early mortality. In the epileptic population, there is a higher prevalence of sleep disorders, and individuals with severe refractory epilepsy are at greater risk of premature mortality than the general population. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy affects 1:1000 cases of epilepsy each year. Ketogenic diet (KD) treatment is one of the few effective options for refractory seizures. Despite KD reducing seizures and increasing longevity in Kv1.1 knockout (KO) mice, they still succumb to sudden death. This study aims to determine whether (1) the rest profiles of KO and KD‐treated KO (KOKD) mice resemble each other as a function of either age or proximity to death and (2) the timing of death correlates with acute or chronic changes in rest.MethodsNoninvasive actimetry was used to monitor rest throughout the lives of KO and wild‐type (WT) littermates administered standard diet or KD.ResultsAs KO mice age, rest is reduced (P < .0001). Rest is significantly improved in KDKO mice (P < .0001), resembling WT values at several ages. When age is removed as a variable and data are realigned to the day of death, the rest profiles of KO and KOKD groups worsen to similar degrees as a function of proximity to death. The amount of rest acutely is not sensitive to the timing of death, whereas chronic rest deficiency profiles (10‐15 days prior to death) of both groups were indistinguishable. Chronic accumulation of rest deficiency over the final 15 days was associated with 75% of deaths.SignificanceOur data suggest that the accumulated rest deficiency is associated with sudden death in Kv1.1 KO mice. These data (1) support the proposed clinical hypothesis that chronic sleep deficiency may be associated with early mortality in epileptic patients and (2) warrant future preclinical and clinical studies on sleep monitoring in epileptic patients.
Comparison of passive and active leisure activities and life satisfaction with aging
Authors: Cho Dongwook , Post Jay , Kim Sung Kyeom 
Published: November 2017

AimMany older adults face limitations to participating in active leisure activities as a result of their physical constraints from aging. Passive leisure activities become alternative leisure activities for older adults as a result of limited physical capacity. The present study sought to determine whether there exists a difference in the frequency of participation in passive and active leisure activities, and the effect of participation in passive and active leisure activities on the life satisfaction level of old adults.MethodsA total of 460 participants aged 60–95 years were randomly selected from 21 sites in the USA. The Life Satisfaction Index – Z and the Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment were analyzed to examine older adults' life satisfaction and frequency of active or passive activities.ResultsThe results showed that participation in passive leisure activities, such reading, talking on the telephone and watching TV/listening to the radio, is more frequent among older adults (P = 0.000). The regression coefficient found that club/organization or volunteering (P = 0.008), homemaking/maintenance (P = 0.017) and traveling (P = 0.017) for active leisure activities were statistically significant predictors of Life Satisfaction Index – Z for older adults.ConclusionsThe current study shows that older adults spent much more times participating in passive leisure activities, such as radio/watching TV, talking on the phone and reading. The result also showed that active leisure activities, such as club/organization or volunteering, home making/maintenance and traveling, were significant predictors of life satisfaction for older adults controlling for covariates. The current study suggests marketing and programming plans to overcome the constraints that influence older adults' life satisfaction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 380–386.
Community intervention to increase neighborhood social network among Japanese older adults
Authors: Harada Kazuhiro , Masumoto Kouhei , Katagiri Keiko , Fukuzawa Ai , Chogahara Makoto , Kondo Narihiko , Okada Shuichi 
Published: November 2017

AimStrengthening neighborhood social networks is important for promoting health among older adults. However, effective intervention strategies aimed at increasing older adults' social networks have not yet been established. The present study examined whether a university‐led community intervention that provided communication opportunities could increase older Japanese adults' neighborhood social networks.MethodsThe present study used a quasi‐experimental design. Before the intervention, using postal mail, we carried out a baseline questionnaire survey that was sent to all people living in the Tsurukabuto community aged ≥60 years (n = 1769), of whom 1068 responded. For the community intervention, 18 event‐based programs were provided over the course of 1 year at Kobe University. Academic staff at Kobe University organized all the programs. During the program, social interactions among participants were promoted. A follow‐up survey was distributed to those who responded to the baseline survey, and 710 individuals answered the question about their participation in the intervention programs (138 respondents were participants, 572 were non‐participants). The neighborhood social network was measured in both the baseline and follow‐up surveys.ResultsAnalysis of covariance showed that the changes in neighborhood social network among participants in the program was significantly higher than the changes among non‐participants (P = 0.046) after adjusting for the baseline score of social network.ConclusionsThe present study found that participants of the intervention expanded their neighborhood social network, but non‐participants did not. This finding shows that community interventions using university resources could increase older adults' neighborhood social networks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 462–469.
Association between diabetes and mortality in elderly patients admitted for a first episode of acute heart failure
Authors: Formiga Francesc , Chivite David , Montero Abelardo , Petit Irene , Moreno‐González Rafael , Franco Jonathan , Corbella Xavier 
Published: November 2017

AimTo examine whether the presence of a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) influences mortality risk in elderly patients experiencing a first episode of heart failure (HF) hospitalization.MethodsA total of 677 consecutive patients aged ≥75 years admitted for a first episode of acute decompensated heart failure were evaluated according to the presence or not of DM, and in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality rates were evaluated.ResultsA total of 240 patients (35.4%) had a diagnosis of DM. Overall, 42 patients (6.2%) died during admission; and 205 patients (30.3%) died after 1 year; however, no differences were observed in mortality rates between both groups. Cox univariate analysis did not identify prior DM diagnosis as a risk factor for 1‐year mortality (HR 0.767, P < 0.082). Multivariate analysis identified older age (HR 1.101, P < 0.0001), lower preadmission Barthel Index (HR 0.987, P = 0.002), higher heart rate (HR 1.013, P = 0.02), higher admission serum potassium (HR 1.471, P = 0.016) and non‐prescription of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (HR 1.597, P = 0.018) as independent risk factors for 1‐year mortality.ConclusionsMore than one‐third of elderly patients experiencing a first admission because of acute heart failure decompensation had a prior diagnosis of DM. However, DM did not seem to be associated to a significant 1‐year mortality risk. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 554–560.
Biological significance of TERT promoter mutation in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential
Authors: Wang Chung‐Chieh , Huang Chao‐Yuan , Jhuang Yu‐Lin , Chen Chih‐Chi , Jeng Yung‐Ming 
Published: November 2017

AimsMutations in FGFR3 and the promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene have been found frequently in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, related data for papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) are limited. In this study, we investigated the mutation status of the TERT promoter, FGFR3 and HRAS in low‐grade papillary urothelial neoplasms and evaluated their prognostic significance.Methods and resultsThe cases included in this study comprised 21 inverted papillomas, 30 PUNLMPs and 34 low‐grade non‐invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas (NIPUCs). TERT promoter mutations were observed in 10 (33%) PUNLMPs and 17 (50%) low‐grade NIPUCs, but not in any inverted papilloma. FGFR3 mutations were observed more frequently in PUNLMP and low‐grade NIPUC than in inverted papillomas (P = 0.009), whereas the opposite trend was noted for HRAS mutations (P < 0.001). Regarding the clinical outcome, TERT promoter mutation was associated with a higher recurrence rate in PUNLMP (P = 0.024) but not in low‐grade NIPUC (P = 0.530). Notably, PUNLMP cases with TERT promoter mutations had a similar recurrence rate to that in low‐grade NIPUC cases (P = 0.487).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the status of the TERT promoter mutation may serve as a biomarker of prognostic stratification in patients with PUNLMP.
COLLECTIVE REPUTATION AND THE DYNAMICS OF STATISTICAL DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Kim Young‐Chul , Loury Glenn C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEconomists have developed theoretical models identifying self‐fulfilling expectations as an important source of statistical discrimination practices. The static models dominating the literature, however, may leave the false impression that a bad equilibrium is as fragile as a “bubble” and can burst at any moment when expectations flip. By developing a dynamic version of the model, we clarify the limits of expectations‐related fragility. Even if group members can coordinate their expectations about future employer behavior, a group with a poor initial collective reputation may still be unable to recover its reputation, implying that the once‐developed discriminatory outcomes can be long‐standing.
TRADE DISPUTES AND SETTLEMENT
Authors: Maggi Giovanni , Staiger Robert W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe develop a model of trade agreements with renegotiation and imperfectly verifiable information. In equilibrium, trade disputes can occur and can be resolved in a variety of ways: Governments may settle “early” or trigger a court ruling, and in the latter case, they may implement the ruling or reach a post‐ruling settlement. The model yields predictions on how the dispute outcome depends on the contracting environment and how it correlates with the optimal contract form. We find support for a key prediction of our model using data on the outcomes of actual trade disputes in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization.
DO LIES ERODE TRUST?
Authors: Gawn Glynis , Innes Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDoes honesty promote trust and trustworthiness? We investigate how being lied to (versus told the truth) in a Gneezy deception game affects behavior in a subsequent trust game with different players. Using a design that controls for potential treatment effects on payoffs, mood, and beliefs about the overall propensity for honesty in the experiment, we find that the specific experience of being lied to significantly erodes trust and trustworthiness.
Effects of water‐unextractable arabinoxylans on the physicochemical and rheological properties of traditional Chinese youtiao
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Weishi , Zhou Sumei , Wang Li , Qian Haifeng , Li Yan , Zhang Hui , Qi Xiguang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe effects of water‐unextractable arabinoxylans (WUAX) on the physicochemical properties of the dough and the final qualities of traditional Chinese youtiao were investigated. The farinographic properties of youtiao dough were slightly affected by extra WUAX, except that the water absorption increased from 56.77% to 64.93%. The extensographic properties varied complexly at different proofing time. The SEM micrographs of dough showed that the uniform starch granule structure could not be formed in youtiao dough with 4% extra WUAX. The specific volume of youtiao with 4% WUAX was only 3.68 cm3 g−1, which was 27.45% lower than that of control. The moisture content increased from 27.17% to 31.74%, and the hardness was almost four times higher than that of control. Most importantly, the total oil content of youtiao with 4% WUAX was only 12.29%, which was 37.31% lesser than the control. These results suggest that WUAX can be used in youtiao production to provide a low‐fat option with improved nutrition.
The associations of illness perception with metabolic control (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a district hospital†
Authors: Lee Soik Fun , Teh Xin Rou , Malar Louise Santana , Ong Su Ling , James Rita Pauline 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Despite the availability of a wide selection of anti-diabetic treatments, many type 2 DM (T2DM) patients still do not have controlled glucose levels. In addition to pharmacological intervention, patients’ own implicit beliefs about their illness should be targeted for health intervention. Thus, we conducted a quantitative study to evaluate the associations between illness perception (IP) domains and metabolic control (HbA1c) of T2DM patients in Selama Hospital and to identify patients’ perceptions of the causal T2DM factors.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Selama Hospital from October to December 2015. A total of 200 T2DM patients were recruited using systematic random sampling. A self-administered validated questionnaire consisting of three sections was used, and the data were analysed using SPSS version 18. The associations between eight IP domains and HbA1c were evaluated via multiple linear regression. P values &lt;0.05 were considered significant.

Key findings
The analysis included data from 200 respondents with a mean age of 57.7 years (SE = 9.8). The majority were women (64.5%) and Malays (86%) with a primary school education (43.5%) and a family history of diabetes (53.5%). The median duration of illness was 5 years (IQR = 7), and the median HbA1c level was 8.15% (IQR = 3.1). The mean score for the eight IP domains was 33.7 (SE = 8.43) out of a total score of 80. Using multiple linear regression, HbA1c was found to be significantly associated with IP domains of identity symptoms at 0.221 (95% CI 0.083–0.358). Moreover, 79.4% of patients ranked diet and eating behaviour as the main factor for T2DM.

Conclusion
The IP domain of identity symptoms was significantly correlated with T2DM metabolic control. By understanding patients’ IP, healthcare providers can focus on behavioural approaches to managing T2DM patients. Steps must be taken to educate patients about the importance of diet control in managing T2DM.
Summary of the UAA‐AAUS guidelines for urinary tract infections
Authors: Choe Hyun‐Sop , Lee Seung‐Ju , Yang Stephen S , Hamasuna Ryoichi , Yamamoto Shingo , Cho Yong‐Hyun , Matsumoto Tetsuro ,   the Committee for Development of the UAA‐AAUS Guidelines for UTI and STI
Published: November 2017

AbstractUrinary tract infections, genital tract infections and sexually transmitted infections are the most prevalent infectious diseases, and the establishment of locally optimized guidelines is critical to provide appropriate treatment. The Urological Association of Asia has planned to develop the Asian guidelines for all urological fields, and the present urinary tract infections, genital tract infections and sexually transmitted infections guideline was the second project of the Urological Association of Asia guideline development, which was carried out by the Asian Association of Urinary Tract Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infection. The members have meticulously reviewed relevant references, retrieved via the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, published between 2009 through 2015. The information identified through the literature review of other resources was supplemented by the author. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for each management were made according to the relevant strategy. If the judgment was made on the basis of insufficient or inadequate evidence, the grade of recommendation was determined on the basis of committee discussions and resultant consensus statements. Here, we present a short English version of the original guideline, and overview its key clinical issues.
The nuclear hormone receptor E75A regulates vitellogenin gene (Al‐Vg) expression in the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum
Authors: Tan Y.‐A. , Zhao X.‐D. , Sun Y. , Hao D.‐J. , Zhao J. , Jiang Y.‐P. , Bai L.‐X. , Xiao L.‐B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractApolygus lucorum is the predominant pest of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton in China. 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays a key role in the reproduction of this insect. To better understand the mechanism underlying 20E‐regulated reproduction, the nuclear hormone receptor E75 isoform‐A of Ap. lucorum (Al‐E75A) was cloned and its expression analysed. A 2241‐bp sequence of Al‐E75A cDNA encoded an open reading frame of a polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 69.04 kDa. Al‐E75A mRNA was detected in female adult stages of Ap. lucorum with peak expression in 7‐day‐old animals. Al‐E75A was also expressed in several tissues, particularly in the fat body and ovary. A 3.2 kb Al‐E75A mRNA was detected in all tissues by Northern blot. The fecundity and longevity were significantly decreased in female adults treated with Al‐E75A small interfering RNA. The rates of egg incubation rates were considerably lower in the RNA interference‐treated animals compared to the untreated controls. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects described above, vitellogenin (Al‐Vg) was selected for further investigation. The expression pattern of Al‐Vg was similar to that of Al‐E75A and was up‐regulated by 20E. After knockdown of Al‐E75A, the expression profile of Al‐Vg and the protein levels were down‐regulated. These findings suggest that Al‐E75A plays a crucial role in the regulation of Al‐Vg expression in Ap. lucorum.
Case study: Scoliosis in a Bonobo (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Lloyd Hallie Mason Smith , Kirchhoff Claire A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of observed morphological features on an adult male bonobo skeleton was consistent with idiopathic scoliosis. Directional asymmetry was an order of magnitude higher compared with asymptomatic skeletons. This possible case of idiopathic scoliosis contributes to data that suggest a weaker tie between bipedalism and scoliosis than previously hypothesized.