bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antioxidant status of lens epithelial cells in cataract patients
Authors: Sorte Gawali Kranti Santosh , Jadhao Avinash Namdeo , Ramteke Trupti Diwan , Patil Neelam Jayant , Sahare Harshal 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The main factor that causes cataracts is the increased oxidative stress and imbalance of an antioxidant defense mechanism, which leads to significant changes in the lens microarchitecture. Senile cataract is the most common type of acquired cataracts due to aging.

Methods:
We carried out a case–control study in the biochemistry department to examine the antioxidant status (catalase and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) and lipid peroxidation marker, that is, malondialdehyde (MDA) in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) of different grades of senile cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. We collected 150 samples from patients aged 50–90 years. These included 50 samples of cortical cataracts, 50 of nuclear cataracts, and 50 samples of posterior subcapsular cataracts. We measured catalase activity by the Beer method, TAC by the Benzie and Strain method, and protein by the Bradford method. We also estimated TAC in the aqueous extract of HLECs by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method and MDA by the thiobarbituric acid assay method.

Results:
The results of this study showed that the level of catalase enzyme was higher in the first grade of nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and cortical cataracts than in other grades. This suggests that the catalase enzyme activity drops sharply in the second and third grades of these types of cataracts. The same pattern was observed for TAC, which was higher in the first grade of nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and cortical cataracts than in other grades. There were significant differences between catalase and TAC in different grades of cataracts, indicating that as the grading increases, both catalase and TAC decrease.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that the levels of MDA were higher and the levels of catalase and TAC were lower in patients with more severe cataracts compared to the healthy controls.
Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in lacrimal gland lymphoma versus inflammation: A comparative study
Authors: Landau-Prat Daphna , Shemesh Rachel , Shalev Dafna , Nemet Malachy , Ben-Simon Guy J , Greenberg Gahl 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating the inflammatory process and malignant lymphoma of the lacrimal gland.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of all subjects who underwent lacrimal gland biopsy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with DWI sequences during a 10-year period at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel. The lacrimal glands’ ADC values were documented bilaterally by blinded observers and correlated with the final histology verified diagnoses.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients were included, with 19 females (68%) with a mean ± SD age of 48.1 ± 25.7 years. The right orbit was involved in 14 cases (50%) and the left in 13 (46%); one patient (4%) had bilateral involvement. Seventeen cases (61%) had a final diagnosis of idiopathic inflammation or dacryoadenitis, and six cases (21%) were diagnosed with lymphoma. Additional diagnoses included pleomorphic adenoma in 3 (11%), adenoid cystic carcinoma, and solitary fibrous tumor. Lower mean ADC values were observed in the lymphoma versus inflammatory group (1.03 × 10-3 Vs. 1.45 × 10-3, P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Restricted diffusion on MR imaging can serve as a diagnostic tool in the differentiation between inflammatory processes of the lacrimal gland and lymphoma.
Global, psychological, and visual quality of life after evisceration/enucleation surgery (QOLAE study): A descriptive case series
Authors: Belafkih Kimia , Simonin Manon , Sarubbi Claudia , Gauthier Anne-Sophie , Solecki Lauriana 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To describe the early health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients who have undergone an eye removal surgery.

Methods:
A descriptive monocentric study was conducted. Patients with a surgical indication of eye amputation were enrolled. Three standardized surveys were given to each patient 1–3 months after the surgery. The following standardized questionnaires were used: National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ-25) (range: 0–100), Short Form-36 (SF-36) (range: 0–100), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (range: 0–40).

Results:
Between January 2021 and January 2022, in the Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital of Besançon (France), 20 patients who were going to undergo an eye removal surgery were included. The population comprised a majority of men (12 men vs. 8 women) with a mean age of 70 (±16.2) years. The underlying conditions leading to the eye amputation were varied: three infections (15%), three retinal detachments (15%), three chronic uveitis (15%), 11 traumas (55%), three tumors (15%), and five chronic high intraocular pressures (25%). The surgical procedure consisted of an evisceration in 15 cases (75%) or an enucleation in five cases (25%). On average, the composite NEI VFQ-25 scored 68.7 (±22.4). Regarding the SF-36 score, the physical composite score was 63.1 (±15.4), and the mental composite score was 64.7 (±14.4). The overall PSS-10 score was 12.3 (±8.7).

Conclusion:
The patients who had undergone an eye amputation had an early reduction in their HRQoL in all its domains, especially in the vision, mental, and physical specific quality of life. These patients need personalized preparation before the surgery. These findings need to be assessed in the long term.
Quality of life of Retinoblastoma survivors in tertiary care eye hospital in South India
Authors: Padamandala Krishnasri , Vemuganti Geeta K , Prasad M Surya Durga , Honavar Santosh G 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
With the increased survival of retinoblastoma (RB) patients, it is important to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of RB survivors as well as caregivers to provide comprehensive care to the children and caregivers. This study aims to assess the QoL of survivors of RB, as perceived by parents and the self-report by patients, through a pediatric QoL (PEDs-QoL) questionnaire.

Methods:
The study cohort included 86 RB survivors, 86 age-matched controls, and their primary carers. PedsQL 4.0 generic core scale and structured interview were administered. QoL in physical, social, emotional, and school health was evaluated and correlated with clinical and sociodemographic parameters.

Results:
The mean age of the RB survivors was 5.7 years with an M:F ratio of 1.1:1. Disease was bilateral in 79% of cases. About 45% (39/86) underwent enucleation, while others received combination therapy (16; 18%), chemotherapy (30; 34%), and radiation (1; 1%). As reported by parents, the QoL of physical health domain of RB survivors was 70.2 SD ± 27.8 and 96.15 ± 13 SD, emotional health was 72.1 ± 27.4 SD and 94.4 ± 12.5 SD, social health was 80.4 ± 24.9 SD and 98.6 ± 6.2 SD; and school health was 71.9 ± 2 6.5 SD and 96.1 ± 12.2 SD. As per the self-report perception, the QoL of physical health was 68.2 ± 27.8 SD and 96.2 ± 13 SD, emotional health was 66.2 ± 28.4 SD and 95.3 ± 12.5 SD, social health was 69.5 ± 24.9 SD and 98.7 ± 6.2 SD, and school health was 63.5 ± 26.5 SD and 95.1 ± 12.2 SD. There was a significant relationship between enucleation and QoL domains, where χ2 = 67.75, degrees of freedom (df) = 36, and P < 0.01. There was a significant association between vision in the better eye (6/18 or better = 8, 6/18–6/60 = 8, 3/60 or worse = 42) and QoL scores (χ2 = 95.36, df = 62, P < 0.01). There was a substantial association between socioeconomic status and QoL domains, where χ2
= 88.5, df = 56, P < 0.01.

Conclusion:
The results of the study showed that the QoL of parents of RB survivors and self-proxy reports were negatively affected in many ways, including physical, social, emotional, and school-related dimensions. Despite the small differences, self-proxy reports indicated a lower QoL than the parents’ group. The study findings indicate that there are notable correlations between enucleation and visual acuity less than 6/18, as well as socioeconomic status, with various aspects of QoL domains among individuals who have survived RB.
The many faces of secondary angle closure glaucoma: A practical approach to unveil
Authors: Venkataraman Prasanna , Kisthurmal Chetna , Ramanathan Anjana , Ramamoorthy Deepa , Mohan Neethu , Shroff Anahita 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Secondary angle closure glaucoma (SACG) can be quite puzzling and can challenge even an experienced glaucoma surgeon. Unlike primary angle closure glaucoma, SACG can have various ocular and systemic associations. A careful review of the symptoms and past ocular and surgical history cannot be overemphasized. Some of the SACG can be refractory, requiring drainage devices. However, sometimes, all it takes is a prompt laser iridotomy. This can significantly reduce ocular morbidity and, in some situations, even blindness. Gonioscopy, often an underutilized technique, is critical in making the right diagnosis. With the advent of imaging techniques such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy, one can easily pick up the etiology and treat early.

Purpose:
As many cases of SACG present acutely, it is critical that one makes a prompt diagnosis. We present here a video bouquet of illustrated examples of SACG and the steps to identify the cause by using different imaging techniques. Through this video, we aim to make the diagnosis of SACG a simpler, more streamlined, and logical process that will help in the accurate diagnosis and management.

Synopsis:
This video demonstrates various etiologies of secondary angle closure and methods to identify and treat the same.

Highlights:
Secondary angle closure can occur either with or without pupillary block. SACG with pupillary block involves mechanisms such as seclusio pupillae, aphakic/pseudophakic glaucoma, phacomorphic glaucoma, and silicon oil-induced glaucoma. In contrast, there are various other etiologies causing anterior pulling or posterior pushing mechanisms that contribute to non-pupillary block SACG. We discuss all of these, along with the imaging modalities needed to identify the same.

Video link:

https://youtu.be/N0bIw7Uknww.
Clinicopathological presentations of eyelid malignancy in COVID era versus pre-COVID era
Authors: Mounica B , Pushker Neelam , Kashyap Seema , Sen Seema , Agrawal Sahil , Meel Rachna , Bajaj Mandeep S , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to overall interrupted medical care, resulting in disease progression and morbidity. The study aimed to evaluate clinicopathological presentations and severity of eyelid malignancy during the COVID era, comparing the results with patients presented during pre-COVID era and evaluating the reasons for delayed presentation in patients with advanced eyelid malignancy in the COVID-era.

Methods:
This was a comparative, ambispective observational study. Data regarding demographic, clinical, histopathology, and treatment modalities of confirmed cases of eyelid malignancy admitted during the period from March 2020 to September 2022 (defined as COVID era group) were collected and compared with retrospectively collected data from March 2017 to March 2020 (defined as pre-COVID era group). COVID era patients were further categorized as localized and advanced disease. Patients with advanced eyelid malignancy during COVID era were further subjected to a questionnaire to evaluate the reasons for delayed presentation.

Results:
In total, 115 patients of eyelid malignancy were studied [COVID era group 40 (35%) and pre-COVID era group 75 (65%)]. A statistically significant increase in the duration of disease (P = 0.0001) and advanced tumor T-stage (P = 0.03) was noticed in the COVID era group. Demographic, histopathology, and ocular morbidity details were similar in both groups. The common reasons that led to delay in presentation and treatment in advanced T-stage patients during the COVID era were fear of acquiring COVID, lockdown, and lack of medical facilities.

Conclusion:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, both hospital- and patient-related factors contributed to delay in presentation, leading to advanced-stage disease indicating need of triaging of eyelid malignancy in the event of such pandemics in future.
Clinico-microbiological Study on Otitis Externa (Necrotizing) in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Teronpi Mirbon , Bhattacharjee Abhinandan , Senapati Arup , Nath Sudip Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study aims to find out the microbiological profile associated with necrotizing otitis externa (NOE) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods:
A prospective observational study was done from February 2022 to January 2023 in the patients diagnosed with OE with DM.

Results:
Out of 30 patients, 18 patients were male and 12 were female having DM presented with OE. The mean age was 60.53 ± 9.822. Severe night otalgia, otorrhea, and edema of the external auditory canal were present in all patients. Four cultures had no growth. whereas pus culture in 13 patients had Pseudomonas sp. and 5 patients in the study had mild conductive hearing loss. In 2 out of 30 patients, one had involvement of facial nerve causing facial nerve palsy and the other had facial nerve palsy along with injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve in high-resolution computed tomography findings.

Conclusions:
NOE is common in patients with DM mainly in the age group of 60–80 years. Pseudomonas sp. is the most commonly cultured microorganism.
Tinnitus Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life, and Health-care-seeking Behavior among Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alkahtani Rania , Alkhalaf Alanoud , Aljabr Areej , Alharbi Deemah , Almulafikh Nojoud , Almotairi Shoug 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Tinnitus, a widespread condition affecting millions globally, has a substantial impact on individuals’ quality of life. This study aimed to (1) explore the prevalence of tinnitus among adults in Saudi Arabia, (2) assess its impact on their quality of life, and (3) evaluate their inclination to seek medical support.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Arabic version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 4416 participants completed the survey, revealing a tinnitus prevalence of 37.6% (n = 1662). Among those affected, 39.7% sought medical support. The mean THI score was 16.7 indicative of mild handicap. Statistically significant associations were identified between age, gender, tinnitus duration, and the emotional subscale of the THI (P = 0.01, P = 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, age, tinnitus duration, laterality, type, and persistence demonstrated statistically significant associations with seeking medical support (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Tinnitus prevalence among adults in Saudi Arabia is considerably high, with a higher occurrence in females and an association with advancing age. While tinnitus detrimentally affects the quality of life, a substantial proportion refrain from seeking medical support.
Clinical utility of computed tomography coronary calcium scoring in real-life practice
Authors: Kaushik Atul , Dey Nilashish , Jain Peeyush 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The need for the cardiovascular prevention is undeniable. Numerous risk scores are available for the same and current guideline shows the need for starting the statin therapy in high-risk individuals.

AIM:
To assess the clinical utility of CT coronary calcium scoring in real world.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the use of CT coronary calcium scoring in patients with low to intermediate 10-year risk by modified Framingham risk score.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted at a tertiary cardiac care centre of Delhi from January 2024 to May 2024. Two hundred and twenty consecutive subjects were found to have low (10-year risk <10%) to intermediate (10-year risk 10%–19%) by modified Framingham risk score (FRS) based on conventional risk factor profiling and were advised CT coronary calcium scoring were selected. Based on calcium score, the subjects were reclassified into “low risk” (Agatston Score 0–100) or “high risk” (Agatston score >100).

RESULTS:
CTCA score of 129 patients with low- and intermediate modified FRS reclassified them into low risk (72.8%), high risk (6.2%), and very high risk (9.3%). Overall, 15.5% of patients at low and intermediate risk by modified FRS were reclassified as high risk or very high risk after calcium scoring.

CONCLUSION:
The re-evaluation of ASCVD risk by CT coronary calcium score prompted us to start statin therapy in 15.5% of our patients which is likely to reduce the incidence of future cardiovascular events.
Fibro-adipose vascular anomaly of the left forearm: A multifaceted exploration with molecular insights into the PIK3CA pathway
Authors: Meganathan Prabhu , Apoorva N. , Sathyanarayanaprasad Manjunatha 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This case report delves into the intricacies of a fibro-adipose vascular anomaly in the left forearm, offering a comprehensive examination from clinical presentation to molecular analysis. The patient reported a protracted, slow-growing lesion with episodic pain exacerbated by activity. Microscopic scrutiny unveiled a heterogeneous histopathological landscape with abnormal vessels, skeletal muscle islands, and fibro-adipose tissue. Molecular investigation uncovered a PIK3CA mutation, spotlighting potential implications within the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Improvised polarising light microscopy using low-cost linear polarised film sheets: An experience in a low-resource pathology laboratory setting in Nigeria
Authors: Folaranmi Olaleke Oluwasegun , Ibiyeye Kehinde Muibat , Fodeke Israel Olayinka , Ighodalo Ehigie Joshua , Olayiwola Oladunni Ismail , Balogun Abdulquadri 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Polarizing microscopy is widely used in pathology to demonstrate the deposition of endogenous materials, the presence of anisotropic exogenous in tissue samples and to evaluate materials that demonstrate optical birefringence. Polarizing microscopes are costly and can cost up to several thousands in dollars; a cheaper alternative includes using a regular light microscope with polarizer kits but this may also be out of reach in low-resourced pathology practice.

Aims/Objectives
The aim is to share our experience with the use of improvised polarizing film to demonstrate birefringence in tissue samples.

Materials and Methods:
Two films measuring 6x7cm were cut out from generic linear polarizing films procured from an online store. The cutout films were placed on each other and crossed such that their polarizing planes were at a right angle. While maintaining this polarizing plane, one of the films was placed over the light source (polarizer) and the other over the slide (analyzer). The light microscope was adjusted for desirable intensity and contrast.

Results:
Tissue sections of suture granuloma, gout, and medullary thyroid carcinoma were used for demonstrating birefringent suture material, brightly anisotropic urate crystals, and birefringent amyloid deposits respectively.

Conclusion:
We present a practical and cost-effective solution for performing polarizing microscopy in low-resource pathology laboratory settings using linear polarizing films.
A study of patterns of peripheral neuropathy in chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: Our experience from tertiary care centres in South India
Authors: Jasti Dushyanth , Mulpuri Niharika , Mallipeddi Sarat , Anumolu Apparao , Vengamma Bhuma , Sivakumar V 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To study the prevalence, clinical features, electrophysiological features, and severity of peripheral neuropathy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis and the effect of the presence of diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:
200 CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis were assessed prospectively for peripheral neuropathy.

Results:
Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 45% based on clinical symptoms and 98% based on electrophysiological parameters. The mean age was 54.4 ± 10.4 years and 70% were male. 100 patients (50%) had positive symptoms and 48 patients (24%) had negative symptoms. Autonomic symptoms were seen in 8 patients (4%). Definite damage was seen in 144 patients (72%) and early damage was seen in 52 patients (26%). In hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 100), 92 patients (92%) had definite damage. In hemodialysis patients without diabetes mellitus (n = 100), 52 patients (52%) had definite damage. In CKD patients on hemodialysis, patients aged >50 years (definite damage in 77.4%) and males (definite damage in 82.9%) showed more severe peripheral neuropathy compared to patients aged ≤50 years (definite damage in 57.9%) and females (definite damage in 46.7%). The most common nerves involved were sural nerve, common peroneal nerve, and ulnar sensory nerve. The most common pattern was mixed axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy.

Conclusion:
Peripheral neuropathy is common in CKD patients on hemodialysis with higher prevalence and severity in elderly males and diabetics. Early and effective management of diabetes and use of high-flux dialyzers in CKD patients on hemodialysis probably lowers the prevalence and severity of peripheral neuropathy.
Predictive analytics for “SMART”er hospitals and health care: Virtuality versus reality
Authors: Pattanshetty Renu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Healthcare is a booming sector of economy in many countries including India. With the boom and the growth comes the challenges that include exorbitant costs, inefficiencies in the healthcare delivery, complexities involving the disease status, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Predictive Analytics” is an advanced form of analytics and has gained a scientific repute as the “BIG DATA” related to health care. It is a branch of data engineering that predicts true existences and/or probability by utilizing the existing data that would use the “data mining method” to predict two things that would happen in the future providing necessary advice. Predictive analytics uses artificial intelligence, statistical methods to reveal surprising results which physician or clinician would never suspect. It would help hospital management, pharmaceutical companies, insurance providers to seek changes from the past treatment approach, adopt latest medical research like fewer complications, shorter hospital stay, and fewer readmissions to name a few. . Prediction using real-time data is the golden key to quality patient care and boost to health economy.