bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Full Use of Heterogeneous Reference Potential
Authors: Huginn Freyr Thorsteinsson 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to develop an account of semantic reference initially put forward by Philip Kitcher that should be of interest to scientific realists. I discuss the motivations behind Kitcher’s proposal and especially how it faces a retrospection problem viz. the beliefs used to fix reference are selected retrospectively but not by the historical actors at the time. In order to sidestep this problem, I look at the idea of partial reference as put forward by Hartry Field and further advanced by Christina McLeish. I discuss the merits of these proposals and will argue that McLeish’s development of the idea leads to a deeply confused semantics for realism. In the last section, Kitcher’s account of heterogeneous reference potential is further developed in light of the issues raised in relation to partial reference and the retrospection problem. I think this raises the prospect of filling in a descriptivist picture of reference for theoretical terms of science.
Speaking about the normativity of meaning
Authors: Patrizio Lo Presti 
Published: September 2017

AbstractContemporary debate on the nature of meaning centres on whether meaning is normative. Agreement is widespread that meaning implies correctness, but disagreement on whether correctness is normative remains. Normativists argue that correctness implies obligations or permissions. Anti-normativists disagree and hold that correctness is a descriptive term. This paper argues that, fundamentally, meaning presupposes norms, but not in the generic normativist sense: a vocabulary is recognisable as part of a language if and only if it is part of a practice of committing and entitling to ask for and provide reasons for what is said. To commit and entitle is not obliged or permitted. It is a presupposition for speaking about obligations and permissions.
Growth Performance and Heritability Estimation of Acacia crassicarpa in a Progeny Trial in eastern Thailand
Authors: Hanchor Uraiwan , Maelim Somporn , Suanpaga Wathinee , Park Ji-Min , Kang Kyu-Suk 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Growth performance and heritability were studied in a progeny trial of Acacia crassicarpa in Chacheongsao province, eastern Thailand in order to provide information on suitable families for seed improvement and production. A randomized complete block design (originally 8 blocks, 80 family plots/block, 4 trees/plot) of the best 80 half-sib families selected from 7 provenances was thinned at ages 2.5, 4 and 5 years based on growth and tree form and so that there was one tree/plot remained at the stage of present study. All remaining trees were measured for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), individual volume (VOL) and stem form (straightness and forked height) at ages 12, 12.5, 13 and 13.5 years, respectively. Narrow sense heritability (h
2) based on family was estimated for each characteristic. Analysis of variance showed that there were highly significant differences among families at the four ages for DBH, H and VOL. Stem straightness and forked height were not significantly different among families. The heritability of DBH was increased as trees were mature (h
2 = 0.236, 0.285, 0.288, and 0.291) but those of H and VOL were a little decreased. The heritability of stem straightness was very low (0.013) and that of forked height was also low (0.138). The results implied that the tree breeding of A. crassicarpa could improve DBH, H and VOL considerably. Further selection testing is required to increase the heritability of stem form. The measured data would be useful for tree improvement and seed orchard establishment of Acacia crassicarpa.
¿Hablas castellano? Do you speak English?oXerres mallorquí?: Ideologías y actitudes lingüísticas en Mallorca en una era de crisis económica
Authors: Aguiló-Mora Francisca , Lynch Andrew 
Published: September 2017

ResumenDesde 2011 hasta 2015, el presidente del gobierno de las Illes Balears llevó a cabo una serie de reformas lingüísticas con el supuesto objetivo de abrir las puertas del mercado laboral local y global a la población balear. En reacción a estas políticas, una parte significativa de la población balear salió a la calle acusando al gobierno de enmascarar un ataque a la lengua catalana. A partir de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de datos de 316 encuestas a residentes y 20 entrevistas personales, examinamos las actitudes e ideologías que la población mallorquina alberga respecto al conflicto lingüístico más reciente, las cuales se manifiestan irremediablemente ligadas a la crisis económica existente en el periodo. Subrayamos la percepción del valor económico del inglés y del castellano frente al catalán o a la variedad regional mallorquina en plena crisis económica del país.
Prosodic timing and language contact: Spanish and Yagua in Amazonian Peru
Authors: Henriksen Nicholas , Fafulas Stephen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study examines measures of prosodic timing (i. e., segment-to-segment durational variability) in Yagua and Spanish spoken in Amazonian Peru. We performed an acoustic analysis of consonantal and vocalic durations from sociolinguistic interviews in Spanish (for Yagua-Spanish bilinguals and Spanish monolinguals) and from oral narratives in Yagua (for Yagua-Spanish bilinguals). Subsequently, we applied variability metrics to the speech of each group to compare their respective timing values. Our results show that, first, Yagua displays more segment-to-segment durational variability than monolingual Spanish. Second, L1-Yagua/L2-Spanish speakers show primarily Yagua-like timing values in Spanish, whereas Yagua-Spanish simultaneous bilinguals show primarily Spanish-like values in Spanish. These results suggest that ethnic Yagua communities are converging toward Spanish-like patterns of prosodic timing. This research contributes to the Spanish contact and prosodic timing literature by offering bilingual and monolingual data from one of the world’s most complex and typologically diverse geolinguistic areas.
Un fenómeno bien curioso: New methods for analyzing variable intensification across four dialects of Spain and Argentina
Authors: Kanwit Matthew , Terán Virginia , Sarrió Silvia Pisabarro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEmpirical study of variation between the Spanish intensifiersbien‘very’ andmuy‘very’ has received little attention. A recent exception is (Brown, Esther L. & Mayra Cortés-Torres. 2013. Puerto Rican intensifiers:Bien/muyvariables. In Ana Maria Carvalho & Sara Beaudrie (eds.),Selected proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics, 11–19. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project), who considered the conditioning factors of the intensifiers, although the study’s interview data included low use of the variants in certain linguistic contexts. Accordingly, our contextualized preference task elicits greater token counts across contexts and extends intensifier research across dialects. In our analysis of the four dialects of Tarragona and Madrid, Spain, and Tucumán and Buenos Aires, Argentina, we test the descriptive claims thatbienis selected at higher rates in Latin America than Spain and that monolingual speakers from Madrid selectbienat lower rates than Spanish-Catalan bilinguals from Tarragona, as predicted by descriptive literature. Furthermore, we investigate whether possible differences in rates and predictors between one capital city variety and that of a smaller city are mirrored across our two capital city contexts. We surveyed 205 native speakers of Spanish via a 24-item contextualized preference task. Participants chose their preferred intensifier or indicated that both were acceptable. We manipulated three independent linguistic variables: adjective quality, verb type, and animacy, and we consider the social variables age, gender, and, in the case of Tarragona, home language. Overall, we extend research on intensifier variation through a more controlled experimental design and cross-dialectal comparison.
Mood variation after expressions of uncertainty in Spanish
Authors: Waltermire Mark 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAccording to prescriptive grammars of Spanish, subordinate clauses after expressions of uncertainty require the subjunctive when introduced by the complementizerque‘that’ (e. g.,No creo que venga (S). ‘I don’t believe that he’ll come.’) but require the indicative when introduced by the complementizersi‘if/whether’ (e. g.,No sé si viene (I). ‘I don’t know if he’ll come.’). The use of these moods in actual speech, however, is highly variable. Using a database of conversational Spanish from 10 cities in Latin America and Spain, 428 tokens of subjunctive and indicative mood use were examined according to the following linguistic and social factors – subject agreement, intervening material, frequency of the subordinate verb, age, sex, and education level. Of these variables, only intervening material is statistically significant in the conditioning of mood variation. The use of the subjunctive is preferred after the complementizerquewhen there is no intervening material separating it from the subordinate verb. In order to further explore possible interactions between individual factors, a Joint Multiple Correspondence Analysis using R was conducted. Results from this exploratory analysis suggest that the use of the subjunctive correlates with young, male, and highly educated speakers whereas the indicative correlates with older, female, and less educated speakers. The variable use of mood after expressions of uncertainty in Spanish may be socially motivated, as these results suggest. As such, the impact of social variables on mood variation should be explored in future studies.
Effects of chromium picolinate on the parameters of oxidative and chromosomal DNA damage in rabbits
Authors: Şentürk Meryem , Uyanık Fatma , Hamurcu Zuhal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of chromium chloride (CrCl3·6H2O), chromium picolinate (CrPic) and picolinic acid on malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hidroksi-2′-deoksiguanosine (8-OHdG) and genome damage in rabbits.Material and methodsForty, New Zealand rabbits were equally assigned to four groups which received either distilled water or 20 mg/day Cr (CrC13·6H20), 200 μg/day CrPic and 1400 μg/day picolinic acid for 50 days. On the 25th and 50th days, MDA and 8-OHdG levels and the apoptotic-necrotic cells, micronucleus (MN), micronuclear buds (NBUD) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) frequencies and on the 50th day, serum Cr and liver MDA levels were determined.ResultsCrPic increased live weight and feed consumption. On the 25th day of treatment, decreases were detected in MDA levels and MN, NPK and NBUD frequencies in CrPic and picolinic acid groups, and in 8-OHdG levels in CrCl3·6H2O and CrPic groups. Slight or significant differences were determined in all investigated parameters between the measurements of on days 25 and 50.ConclusionImprovements in of MDA and 8-OHdG levels and genome damage indicators due to CrPic and picolinic acid on the 25th day of the treatment may show that short term of CrPic supplementation reduces oxidative and chromosomal DNA damage in rabbits.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 affects human umbilical vein endothelial cells in high glucose by the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Jie , Guo Pingfan , He Tianmin , Cai Fanggang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) for the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in high glucose and the related mechanisms.

Material and methods
HUVECs were cultured under different conditions for 48 h. The apoptosis rate of cells was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of p-Akt and p-eNOS was measured by Western blot, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) was detected by NO assay kit.

Results
HUVECs were incubated in high glucose, the apoptosis rate of cells increased, the expression of p-Akt and p-eNOS reduced, and the production of NO decreased. After GLP-1 was added into the high glucose, the apoptosis rate of cells significantly reduced, the expression of p-Akt and p-eNOS and the production of NO obviously increased. After exendin, wortmannine and L-NAME were added into high glucose and GLP-1, respectively, exendin, wortmannine and L-NAME increased the cell apoptosis, down-regulated the expression of p-Akt and p-eNOS and dropped the production of NO, except that L-NAME made no difference on the expression of p-Akt.

Conclusion
GLP-1 increased the expression of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in HUVECs via the up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and decreased the apoptosis rate of HUVECs in high glucose.
Prediction of Lean Blowout Limits for Methane-Air Bluff Body Stabilized Combustion using a Temperature Gradient Method in a Model Gas-Turbine Afterburner
Authors: Maran P. , Boopathi S. , Gowtham P. , Chidambaram S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the present work, LBO limits for methane-air combustion stabilized by a V-Gutter have been predicted by a hybrid method using numerical simulation and empirical relations. The numerical simulations have been carried out to study the stable methane-air combustion and temperature gradients at exit and recirculation region in a model gas turbine afterburner with a planar V-Gutter as a bluff body for four inlet air pressure conditions and three V-Gutter angles. The calculated average exit gas temperature (AEGT) and the average gas temperature in recirculation region have been used for predicting the blowout conditions. An empirical method based on Feature Section Criterion has been used to determine Fuel-Air Ratio (FAR) at blowout conditions very accurately from the numerically calculated average temperature in the central recirculation zone (CRZ).The predicted Fuel-Air Ratio (FAR) at lean blowout conditions has been compared with the experimental results obtained for the same conditions and are found to be in good agreement.
Homotopy Perturbation Method for Creeping Flow of Non-Newtonian Power-Law Nanofluid in a Nonuniform Inclined Channel with Peristalsis
Authors: Abou-zeid Mohamed Y. , Mohamed Mona A. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article is an analytic discussion for the motion of power-law nanofluid with heat transfer under the effect of viscous dissipation, radiation, and internal heat generation. The governing equations are discussed under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The solutions for temperature and nanoparticle profiles are obtained by using homotopy perturbation method. Results for the behaviours of the axial velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles as well as the skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt number, and Sherwood number with other physical parameters are obtained graphically and analytically. It is found that as the power-law exponent increases, both the axial velocity and temperature increase, whereas nanoparticles decreases. These results may have applicable importance in the research discussions of nanofluid flow in channels with small diameters under the effect of different temperature distributions.
The Exchange-Correlation Field Effect over the Magnetoacoustic-Gravitational Instability in Plasmas
Authors: Rasheed A. , Jamil M. , Jung Young-Dae , Sahar A. , Asif M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Jeans instability with magnetosonic perturbations is discussed in quantum dusty magnetoplasmas. The quantum and smaller thermal effects are associated only with electrons. The quantum characteristics include exchange-correlation potential, recoil effect, and Fermi degenerate pressure. The multifluid model of plasmas is used for the analytical study of this problem. The significant contribution of electron exchange is noticed on the threshold value of wave vector and Jeans instability. The presence of electron exchange and correlation effects reduce the time to stabilise the phenomenon of self-gravitational collapse of massive species. The results of Jeans instability by magnetosonic perturbations at quantum scale help to disclose the details of the self-gravitating dusty magnetoplasma systems.
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Restricts Small Dye Iontophoresis Entry into Central Neurons
Authors: Kennedy Tyler , Broadie Kendal 
Published: September 2017

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) loss causes Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a major disorder characterized by autism, intellectual disability, hyperactivity, and seizures. FMRP is both an RNA- and channel-binding regulator, with critical roles in neural circuit formation and function. However, it remains unclear how these FMRP activities relate to each other and how dysfunction in their absence underlies FXS neurological symptoms. In testing circuit level defects in theDrosophilaFXS model, we discovered a completely unexpected and highly robust neuronal dye iontophoresis phenotype in the well mapped giant fiber (GF) circuit. Controlled dye injection into the GF interneuron results in a dramatic increase in dye uptake in neurons lacking FMRP. Transgenic wild-type FMRP reintroduction rescues the mutant defect, demonstrating a specific FMRP requirement. This phenotype affects only small dyes, but is independent of dye charge polarity. Surprisingly, the elevated dye iontophoresis persists inshaking Bmutants that eliminate gap junctions and dye coupling among GF circuit neurons. We therefore used a wide range of manipulations to investigate the dye uptake defect, including timed injection series, pharmacology and ion replacement, and optogenetic activity studies. The results show that FMRP strongly limits the rate of dye entry via a cytosolic mechanism. This study reveals an unexpected new phenotype in a physical property of central neurons lacking FMRP that could underlie aspects of FXS disruption of neural function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFXS is a leading heritable cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. Although researchers established the causal link with FMRP loss >;25 years ago, studies continue to reveal diverse FMRP functions. TheDrosophilaFXS model is key to discovering new FMRP roles, because of its genetic malleability and individually identified neuron maps. Taking advantage of a well characterizedDrosophilaneural circuit, we discovered that neurons lacking FMRP take up dramatically more current-injected small dye. After examining many neuronal properties, we determined that this dye defect is cytoplasmic and occurs due to a highly elevated dye iontophoresis rate. We also report several new factors affecting neuron dye uptake. Understanding how FMRP regulates iontophoresis should reveal new molecular factors underpinning FXS dysfunction.
Machine Learning Analysis IdentifiesDrosophila Grunge/Atrophinas an Important Learning and Memory Gene Required for Memory Retention and Social Learning
Authors: Kacsoh Balint Z , Greene Casey S , Bosco Giovanni 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHigh-throughput experiments are becoming increasingly common, and scientists must balance hypothesis-driven experiments with genome-wide data acquisition. We sought to predict novel genes involved in Drosophila learning and long-term memory from existing public high-throughput data. We performed an analysis using PILGRM, which analyzes public gene expression compendia using machine learning. We evaluated the top prediction alongside genes involved in learning and memory in IMP, an interface for functional relationship networks. We identified Grunge/Atrophin (Gug/Atro), a transcriptional repressor, histone deacetylase, as our top candidate. We find, through multiple, distinct assays, that Gug has an active role as a modulator of memory retention in the fly and its function is required in the adult mushroom body. Depletion of Gug specifically in neurons of the adult mushroom body, after cell division and neuronal development is complete, suggests that Gug function is important for memory retention through regulation of neuronal activity, and not by altering neurodevelopment. Our study provides a previously uncharacterized role for Gug as a possible regulator of neuronal plasticity at the interface of memory retention and memory extinction.
Transplantation of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells to treat liver cirrhosis in mice: a comparison of tail and portal vein injection
Authors: Le Trinh Van , Nguyen Nam Hai , Do Huy Quang , Le Huy Minh , Truong Nhung Hai 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: To date, there have been many studies indicating the positive effects of stem cells on treating liver cirrhosis. In this study, we used umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) for treatment in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis. Specifically, we determined and compared the effectiveness of two methods of MSC injection (tail vein versus portal vein).
Methods: Liver cirrhosis in male Swiss mice (of age approximately 11 weeks or under) was induced by administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 1 ml/kg). One million UCB-MSCs were then transplanted into cirrhotic mice via the portal vein or tail vein. After 21 days, blood samples were collected for measurement of transaminase, bilirubin and albumin. The expression of fibrosis-associated genes, specifically procollagen – alpha 1 and integrin – beta1, were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. The histopathology of the specimens was also evaluated using hematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry using collagen type 1 and alpha-SMA antibodies.
Results: After 21 days, cirrhotic mice treated with UCB-MSCs showed recovery of bilirubin index, increase of liver albumin synthesis, inhibition of fibrosis-related gene expression (e.g. procollagen – alpha 1 and integrin – beta1), and remodeling of liver histology. From comparison of the different routes of transplantation, UCB-portal route was significantly more effective than UCB-tail route at reducing aspartate transaminase (AST) activity and bilirubin index (P<0.05), and inhibiting procollagen – alpha 1 and integrin – beta1 expression (P<0.05). UCB-MSCs from both transfusion routes showed accelerated improvement of liver histopathology.
Conclusion: Therapeutic strategies using UCB-MSCs have proven to be promising for the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Injection of UCB-MSC via portal vein was more effective than tail vein for cirrhosis treatment.

Peer Review Details

Peer review method: Single-Blind (Peer-reviewers: 02) Peer-review policy
Plagiarism software screening?: Yes
Date of Original Submission: 17 August 2017
Date accepted: 30 August 2017
Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Lili Hami
Editor who approved publication: Dr. Phuc Van Pham
Profile of the \(^{12}\)CO(3-2) Emission Line Detected From the Debris Disc of 49 Ceti
Authors: Tuyet Nhung Pham Thi , Anh Pham Tuan , Hoai Do Thi , Diep Pham Ngoc , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Thao Nguyen Thi , Dariulat Pierre 
Published: September 2017

The CO(3-2) emission of the debris disc of the young A star 49 Ceti, known to be particularly gas rich, has been recently detected and measured using the ALMA interferometer. We study the observed line profile and comment on each of the possible contributions to its width. Line broadening is found to be dominated by Keplerian shear and an upper limit of 0.8 kms FWHM is placed on other possible contributions,including temperature, confirming the quietness of the gas contained in the disc and disfavouring models that would require relatively violent events to generate secondary gas.