bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with ageist attitudes among college students
Authors: Smith Matthew Lee , Bergeron Caroline D , Cowart Clay , Ahn SangNam , Towne Samuel D , Ory Marcia G , Menn Mindy A , Chaney JD 
Published: August 2016

AimAgeist views have the potential to deleteriously impact large populations of older adults in the USA and worldwide. The high levels of ageism among young adults might originate from their limited interactions with older adults (individuals aged 65 years and older). The present study examined the factors associated with ageist attitudes among college students.MethodsData were analyzed from 641 college students using an internet‐delivered questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with 17 ageist statements about older adults. A general least squares regression analysis was carried out to identify the associations of participants’ sex, race/ethnicity and interactions with older adults on self‐identified ageist attitudes.ResultsApproximately 37% of participating college students interacted with older adults one or more times per week, 38.3% had resided with an older adult in their lifetime and 78.2% had volunteered/worked with an older adult. Participants who were female (P = 0.035), African American (P = 0.033), those with more frequent interaction with older adults (P = 0.001) and those with experience living with an older adult (P = 0.028) reported significantly lower negative ageist attitudes.ConclusionsFindings suggest that increased exposure to and interactions with older adults can reduce ageist views among college students. Practical recommendations are provided to increase students’ opportunities for interactions with and exposure to older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1698–1706.
Effect of different alcohols on stratum corneum kallikrein 5 and phospholipase A2 together with epidermal keratinocytes and skin irritation
Authors: Cartner T. , Brand N. , Tian K. , Saud A. , Carr T. , Stapleton P. , Lane M. E. , Rawlings A. V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effect of ethanol, isopropanol and n‐propanol on stratum corneum (SC) enzymes and keratinocytes in vitro together with their effects on skin condition and function.MethodsActivities of kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) as well as keratinocyte metabolic activity, interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured in vitro in the presence and absence of the different alcohols. We also measured transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance, visual dryness and visual redness on the volar forearms of 25 Caucasian women following application of the alcohols 20 and 100 times per day over a period of 14 days in a clinical study.ResultsReduced activities of KLK5 and PLA2 were observed in the presence of the alcohols. The greatest denaturing effect was always observed for n‐propanol (P < 0.001), and in the case of PLA2, the effect of isopropanol was greater than ethanol (P < 0.001). Equally, ethanol had the mildest effects on keratinocyte metabolic activity and cytokine secretion (P < 0.001) and n‐propanol always produced the most severe changes in normal and differentiated keratinocytes. These in vitro findings supported the clinical results where the major effects were on the induction of skin irritation (increased dropout rates) and ranked the intolerance of the different alcohols as follows: n‐propanol > isopropanol > ethanol. At the high application frequencies, the effect of the different alcohols on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance was similar, but at the low application frequencies, n‐propanol had a significant effect on TEWL and capacitance values (P < 0.05). Equally, n‐propanol and isopropanol produced significantly more skin redness at the low application frequencies.ConclusionsClearly, isopropanol and n‐propanol caused significant SC and keratinocyte perturbation in vitro together with damage to skin condition and function in vivo whereas ethanol did not. As a result, we show that ethanol‐based sanitizers are better tolerated by skin, particularly in high‐use settings, than other alcohols and should be the active ingredient of choice.
A new system for classifying root and root canal morphology
Authors: Ahmed H. M. A. , Versiani M. A. , De‐Deus G. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKnowledge of root and root canal morphology is a prerequisite for effective nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The external and internal morphological features of roots are variable and complex, and several classifications have been proposed to define the various types of canal configurations that occur commonly. More recently, improvements in nondestructive digital image systems, such as cone‐beam and micro‐computed tomography, as well as the use of magnification in clinical practice, have increased the number of reports on complex root canal anatomy. Importantly, using these newer techniques, it has become apparent that it is not possible to classify many root canal configurations using the existing systems. The purpose of this article is to introduce a new classification system that can be adapted to categorize root and root canal configurations in an accurate, simple and reliable manner that can be used in research, clinical practice and training.
Association between chronic oral inflammatory burden and physical fitness in males: a cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Hoppe C. B. , Oliveira J. A. P. , Grecca F. S. , Haas A. N. , Gomes M. S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between chronic oral inflammatory burden (OIB) – as the combination of periodontal and endodontic disease load – and physical fitness.MethodologyOne hundred and twelve nonsmoker male police officers who performed a standardized physical fitness test (PFT) were analysed. Participants underwent oral clinical and periapical radiographic examinations. Periodontal disease was assessed by probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL). For radiographic analysis, both apical periodontitis (AP) and root canal treatment (RCT) variables were analysed. Endodontic Burden (EB) was calculated merging the total number of teeth with AP and/or RCT per individual. OIB was calculated combining EB and AL. The outcome of physical fitness was dichotomized according to whether the highest PFT score was ‘achieved’ or ‘not‐achieved’. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, body mass index and frequency of daily exercise.ResultsThere was no significant association between AP, RCT and EB with physical fitness whereas PD, AL and OIB were significantly associated with low physical fitness (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that individuals with OIB = EB ≥ 3 and AL ≥ 4 mm had a 81% lower chance of reaching the highest PFT score (OR = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.04–0.87, P = 0.03) compared to individuals with EB < 3 and and no AL ≥ 4 mm. Individuals with unfavourable periodontal parameters but with low EB (OIB = EB < 3 & AL ≥ 4 mm) showed no significant differences on the chance to reach the highest PFT score compared to participants with favourable periodontal status and low EB (OIB = EB < 3 & no AL ≥ 4 mm).ConclusionsThe OIB – higher levels of EB in periodontal patients – was independently associated with poor physical fitness in males.
Seminiferous epithelium damage after short period of busulphan treatment in adult rats and vitamin B12 efficacy in the recovery of spermatogonial germ cells
Authors: Vasiliausha Sandi Regina , Beltrame Flávia Luciana , de Santi Fabiane , Cerri Paulo Sérgio , Caneguim Breno Henrique , Sasso‐Cerri Estela 
Published: August 2016

SummarySeveral different strategies have been adopted in attempt to recover from chemotherapy‐damaged spermatogenesis that is often seen in oncologic patients. In this study, we have evaluated the impact of short period of exposure to busulphan on the haemogram and seminiferous epithelium of adult rats, focusing on spermatogonial depletion and Sertoli cell (SC) integrity. We then examined whether vitamin B12 supplementation improves the haematological parameters and spermatogonia number. The animals received 10 mg/kg of busulphan (BuG) or busulfan+vitamin B12 (Bu/B12G) on the first and fourth days of treatment. In H.E.‐stained testicular sections, the areas of the seminiferous tubule (ST) and seminiferous epithelium were measured. The number of spermatogonia in H.E‐stained and PCNA‐immunolabelled testicular sections was quantified. The frequency of tubules with abnormal SC nuclei or TUNEL‐positive SC was evaluated. Vimentin immunofluorescence in ST was also evaluated. In BuG and Bu/B12G, the animals showed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, but the body weight reduced only in BuG. The areas of ST and seminiferous epithelium decreased in Bu/B12G and BuG. In BuG, the number of H.E.‐stained and PCNA‐immunolabelled spermatogonia reduced significantly. The frequency of tubules containing abnormal SC nuclei and TUNEL‐positive SC increased and the vimentin immunoexpression pattern changed. In Bu/B12G, the number of H.E.‐stained or PCNA‐immunolabelled spermatogonia increased fourfold in comparison with BuG. The structural changes in ST after 6 days of busulphan exposure may be associated with the potential effect of this anti‐neoplastic agent on SC. The increased number of spermatogonia in the busulphan‐treated animals receiving vitamin B12 indicates that this vitamin can be an adjuvant therapy to improve the fertility in male cancer patients.
Low miR‐34c expression is associated with poor outcome in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yang D.‐Q. , Zhou J.‐D. , Wang Y.‐X. , Deng Z.‐Q. , Yang J. , Yao D.‐M. , Qian Z. , Yang L. , Lin J. , Qian J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionMicroRNA‐34c (miR‐34c) has been found to play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about miR‐34c expression and the impact on prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsReal‐time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR) was performed to analyze the status of miR‐34c expression in 122 patients with de novo AML and 62 normal controls.ResultsMiR‐34c expression in AML was significantly downregulated compared to controls (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) indicated the distinguishing value of miR‐34c for discriminating whole‐cohort AML, non‐M3 AML, and cytogenetically normal AML (CN‐AML) patients from healthy controls. No significant differences were found between low miR‐34c‐expressing and high miR‐34c‐expressing patients in age, sex, hemoglobin, platelet count, percentage of blasts in bone marrow (BM), WHO classifications, karyotypes, and eight gene mutations, but low miR‐34c cases had higher white blood cells (WBC) than high miR‐34c cases (P = 0.035). MiR‐34c low‐expressed patients had similar rates of complete remission (CR) as miR‐34c high‐expressed patients in whole‐cohort AML, non‐M3 AML, and CN‐AML patients (P = 0.347, 0.314 and 0.167, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients with low miR‐34c level had markedly shorter overall survival (OS) time in whole‐cohort AML, non‐M3 AML, and CN‐AML patients (P = 0.033, 0.024 and 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that low miR‐34c expression was an independent risk factor not only in whole‐cohort AML (P = 0.040) but also in non‐M3 AML (P = 0.015) and CN‐AML patients (P = 0.021).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that low miR‐34c level is a novel promising biomarker in predicting prognosis in patients with de novo AML.
Role of protein phosphatases in genitourinary cancers
Authors: Igawa Tsukasa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe prevalence of genitourinary cancers has been increasing rapidly worldwide over the past 10 years. Advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved the oncological outcomes of patients with genitourinary cancer. However, the precise mechanisms of cancer development are largely unknown. Among various biological mechanisms, reversible phosphorylation is crucial for regulating the activities of many proteins in cancer cells. In contrast to protein kinases, the roles of cellular protein phosphatases have not been fully elucidated. However, emerging evidence suggests that various protein phosphatases are involved in genitourinary cancer development and have potential for cancer treatment. In the present review, we focus on recent progress in protein phosphatases regarding genitourinary cancers. We also explore the development of new strategies for cancer therapy using protein phosphatase and related molecules.
The Effects of Policy Implementation Uncertainty on Groundwater Extraction
Authors: Bian Dacheng , Williams Ryan B. , Benson Aaron , Segarra Eduardo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConcerns about the high rate of depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer in the Southern High Plains of Texas (Texas High Plains) in recent years have led to the enactment of policies designed to slow down water extraction and increase the usable life of the aquifer. However, policy implementation has not been uniform across the aquifer, leaving some farmers in portions of the aquifer with no effective groundwater extraction restrictions only a short distance away from areas where farmers face regulatory limits. This study investigates the effects of policy implementation uncertainty on the extraction of groundwater. An econometric model is estimated for harvested acreage of the three major crops produced in the five representative counties of the Texas High Plains. Corn acreage (an irrigation‐intensive crop) is used as a proxy for groundwater use. After controlling for price and climate effects, it was concluded that there is strong evidence that groundwater use policy uncertainty is likely to increase groundwater extraction in the Texas High Plains region. The social desire to achieve perpetual sustainability of groundwater resources in the study region, or at the very least to prolong the life of the Ogallala Aquifer, has resulted in discussions about alternative groundwater management policies. Producers, in their concern about the implementation of policies to slow down groundwater extraction, increase their use of water in the short‐run in order to maximize profits before groundwater use restriction policies are enforced.
Building Watershed Management Capacity in Nigeria: Expanding the Role of Agriculture Colleges
Authors: Groninger John W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDeveloping countries face many critical social, agricultural, and natural resource‐related issues where watershed management plays a prominent role. Short‐term gains in productivity often occur at the expense of long term system resiliency needed to achieve sustainability. Post‐secondary (tertiary) education institutions are underfunded and hampered by bureaucratic inertia limiting their relevance toward addressing emerging water resources concerns. As populations urbanize, rural constituencies continue to lose influence. Using the case of Samaru College of Agriculture, part of Ahmadu Bello University in north‐central Nigeria, this paper identifies institutional challenges and suggests solutions to help similar institutions better address watershed management issues. Given current constraints, a watershed management curriculum could be built upon existing courses offered in related majors. Developing partnerships with an expanding private sector could help create opportunities for meaningful solutions to management issues and foster problem solving skills among students. Outside investment in increasing university capacity to address watershed education, including hiring staff focused on these issues, is justifiable given the humanitarian and security crises that have been afflicting northern Nigeria's vulnerable agricultural landscape.
Heard it through the Grapevine ‐ Social Network Analysis of a Hydrology Class
Authors: Hernandez E. Annette , Uddameri Venkatesh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSocial network analysis (SNA) was investigated as an efficient way to understand the dynamics behind collaborative endeavors and group formation in project based courses. The SNA was applied to a junior level undergraduate engineering hydrology class with two sections taught by two professors with varying levels of structure. It was found that students tended to use formal sources of information (i.e., professor, teaching assistant, textbook, or class notes); however, the use depended on the amount of structure in the class. More independent students did not collaborate in assigned groups, preferring to self‐select study groups. Furthermore, the less structured class created a split atmosphere of “connected” students who had many interactions as well as “disconnected” students on the other end of the spectrum. The more structured class created fewer but more even distribution of interactions between students. The SNA study corroborated that collaborations correlate positively with class grade. In fact, those students with fewer interactions with their classmates performed poorly in the class.
Deliberating on Missouri River Water Diversions in Congressional Committee Hearings
Authors: Michaels Sarah , Gruszczynski Mike 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe examine the discursive influence of competing interest groups and how and when U.S. federal legislators use empirical evidence to consider Missouri River diversion projects originating in the relief, recovery, and reform thinking behind President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Twelve U.S. Congressional committee hearings that occurred between 1944 and 2006 are content analyzed to demonstrate the nature of instrumental arguments in legislative deliberations. Members of Congress in favor of diversion projects used more economic‐based, instrumental arguments than interest group representatives sharing their views while members of Congress opposed to the diversion projects consistently used less science‐based, instrumental arguments than did interest group representatives sharing their stance. As a percentage, more instrumental arguments were made in field hearings than in Washington, D.C. hearings. While more economic‐based, instrumental arguments were made in Senate‐related hearings than in House of Representatives related hearings, in the House more science‐based, instrumental arguments were made than in the Senate.
Molecular analyses and species distribution models indicate cryptic northern mountain refugia for a forest‐dwelling ground beetle
Authors: Drees Claudia , Husemann Martin , Homburg Katharina , Brandt Patric , Dieker Petra , Habel Jan C. , von Wehrden Henrik , Zumstein Pascale , Assmann Thorsten 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimIdentification of potential glacial refugia and post‐glacial colonization processes of a flightless, cold‐adapted ground beetleLocationCentral and eastern Europe.MethodsWe analysed the genetic structure of 33 Carabus sylvestris populations sampled across its entire distribution range using nuclear and mitochondrial markers. We further compiled occurrence records to develop species distribution models to predict distribution ranges for the last glacial period and the present based on the species’ current climatic niche.ResultsDistinct genetic lineages were detected for a number of mountain ranges and were congruent for both molecular marker systems. Most genetic splits were the results of vicariance, whereas dispersal was rare. Our models suggest that the species’ distribution range was larger and more interconnected in the past.Main conclusionsOur data support multiple glacial refugia for C. sylvestris, some of which were located north of the Alps. Some lower mountain ranges were likely recolonized post‐glacially.
Orchid historical biogeography, diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal
Authors: Givnish Thomas J. , Spalink Daniel , Ames Mercedes , Lyon Stephanie P. , Hunter Steven J. , Zuluaga Alejandro , Doucette Alfonso , Caro Giovanny Giraldo , McDaniel James , Clements Mark A. , Arroyo Mary T. K. , Endara Lorena , Kriebel Ricardo , Williams Norris H. , Cameron Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimOrchidaceae is the most species‐rich angiosperm family and has one of the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well‐resolved phylogeny has prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the importance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long‐distance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity.LocationGlobal.MethodsAnalyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the importance of different regions for rates of speciation, extinction and net species diversification. We evaluated the impact of particularLDDevents on orchid diversity by asking how many species evolved in the new range subsequent to those events.ResultsOrchids appear to have arisen in Australia 112 Ma (95% higher probability distribution: 102.0–120.0 Ma), then spread to the Neotropics via Antarctica by 90 Ma (HPD: 79.7–99.5 Ma), when all three continents were in close contact and apostasioids split from the ancestor of all other orchids. Ancestors of vanilloids, cypripedioids and orchidoids+epidendroids appear to have originated in the Neotropics 84–64 Ma. Repeated long‐ and short‐distance dispersal occurred through orchid history: stochastic mapping identified a mean total of 74LDDevents or 0.8 Ma−1. Across orchid history, Southeast Asia was the most important source and maximally accelerated net diversification; across epidendroids, the Neotropics maximally accelerated diversification.Main conclusionsOur analysis provides the first biogeographical history of the orchids, implicating Australia, the Neotropics and Antarctica in their origin.LDDand life in the Neotropics – especially the Andes – had profound effects on their spread and diversification; > 97% of all orchid species are restricted to individual continents.
Insights from Novel Noninvasive CT and ECG Imaging Modalities on Electromechanical Myocardial Activation in a Canine Model of Ischemic Dyssynchronous Heart Failure
Authors: DAWOUD FADY , SCHULERI KARL H. , SPRAGG DAVID D. , HORÁČEK B. MILAN , BERGER RONALD D. , HALPERIN HENRY R. , LARDO ALBERT C. 
Published: August 2016

CT ECGI Electromechanical ImagingIntroductionThe interplay between electrical activation and mechanical contraction patterns is hypothesized to be central to reduced effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Furthermore, complex scar substrates render CRT less effective. We used novel cardiac computed tomography (CT) and noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) techniques in an ischemic dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF) animal model to evaluate electrical and mechanical coupling of cardiac function, tissue viability, and venous accessibility of target pacing regions.Methods and ResultsIschemic DHF was induced in 6 dogs using coronary occlusion, left bundle ablation and tachy RV pacing. Full body ECG was recorded during native rhythm followed by volumetric first‐pass and delayed enhancement CT. Regional electrical activation were computed and overlaid with segmented venous anatomy and scar regions. Reconstructed electrical activation maps show consistency with LBBB starting on the RV and spreading in a “U‐shaped” pattern to the LV. Previously reported lines of slow conduction are seen parallel to anterior or inferior interventricular grooves. Mechanical contraction showed large septal to lateral wall delay (80 ± 38 milliseconds vs. 123 ± 31 milliseconds, P = 0.0001). All animals showed electromechanical correlation except dog 5 with largest scar burden. Electromechanical decoupling was largest in basal lateral LV segments.ConclusionWe demonstrated a promising application of CT in combination with ECGI to gain insight into electromechanical function in ischemic dyssynchronous heart failure that can provide useful information to study regional substrate of CRT candidates.