bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign and malignant pathologies
Authors: Lalitha Jino Johns , Ramalingam Natarajan , Rajan Remya , Riju Jeyashanth , Paulose Antony Abraham , Michael Rajiv Charles , Tirkey Amit Jiwan , Adhikari Twisha , Sahu Shalini , Nagayazhini R 
Published: October 2024

Objective
To analyse the risk factors of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.

Methods
Clinical data of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital in southern part of India were collected retrospectively from January 2021 to May 2023. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the risk factors associated with transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia separately.

Results
A total of 300 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were enroled. The median age of the study population was 41 years, and 70% were females. Histopathological examination showed that 80.3% had thyroid cancer. The incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism was 26.7%, while postoperative transient hypocalcaemia was 12.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of hypothyroidism before surgery (OR = 3.230, 95% CI: 1.368–7.624, P = 0.007), performing central compartment neck dissection (CCND) (OR = 2.196, 95% CI: 1.133–4.257, P = 0.02) and parathyroid gland in the surgical specimen (OR = 5.547, 95% CI: 3.065–10.036, P < 0.0001) were independent predictors of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism. Female gender (OR = 2.689, 95% CI: 1.049–6.895, P = 0.039), presence of parathyroid in the surgical specimen (OR = 1.067, 95% CI: 0.367–8.438, P = 0.004) and performing CCND (OR = 2.192, 95% CI: 0.990–4.850, P = 0.05) were independent predictors of postoperative transient hypocalcaemia.

Conclusion
Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery are common, and most of them are transient. The independent predictors of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia differ. Hypoparathyroidism appears to be a better predictor for patients who will develop postoperative hypocalcaemia.
IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPROSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Adverse impacts of particulate matter air pollution on female and male reproduction
Authors: Luderer Ulrike 
Published: October 2024

In briefParticulate matter (PM) air pollution contains many chemicals that are individually known to have adverse effects on reproduction, as well as numerous others that have not been investigated for effects on reproduction. This review discusses the scientific literature investigating the effects of ambient and experimentally generated PM mixtures on reproduction.AbstractPM air pollution consists of liquid and solid particles, which are categorized by size as less than 10 (PM10) μm, 2.5 (PM2.5) μm, or 0.1 μm (PM0.1 or ultrafine) in aerodynamic diameter and which vary in composition depending on the sources. PM exposure is ubiquitous and has been associated with many adverse health effects. This narrative review focuses on epidemiological and experimental studies that investigated the effects of PM exposure on female and male reproduction and on pregnancy.
NICU Caregiver Communication Preferences and Disparities by Primary Language: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fisher Christina R. , Bourque Stephanie L. , Palau Mauricio A. , Nino de Guzman Ramirez Mariana , Hwang Sunah S. 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
Effective communication between clinical providers and infant caregivers is vital to family-centered care and engagement in the NICU. Infants in the level IV NICU often have complex medical needs and prolonged lengths of stay, leading to challenges maintaining effective and consistent communication, particularly for families with a primary language other than English. The objective of this qualitative study is to determine the facilitators and barriers to effective communication among English- and Spanish-speaking caregivers in a level IV NICU.

METHODS
This phenomenology qualitative study consisted of interviews with English- or Spanish-speaking caregivers of infants admitted to a single-site level IV NICU for at least 7 days. Interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide that sought to understand the lived experience of parents communicating with providers. Themes from coded interview transcripts were identified using inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS
Nineteen interviews were completed in participants’ primary language (English or Spanish), and 5 themes emerged from the analysis. For English- and Spanish-speaking caregivers, we discovered the importance of personal connection, the desire for receiving communication about changes directly from providers, and a strong desire for daily updates. For Spanish-speaking families, we found disparities in the use of communication-related technology and consistent communication from providers in their primary language.

CONCLUSIONS
In this qualitative study, we identified caregiver preferences for communication from providers in a level IV NICU and demonstrated disparate experiences for Spanish-speaking caregivers. Future work should focus on developing interventions that address these identified barriers to communication.
Characterising
g
lycosaminoglycans in
h
uman
b
reastmilk and their
p
otential
r
ole in
i
nfant
health
Authors: Greenwood Melissa , Murciano-Martinez Patricia , Berrington Janet , Flitsch Sabine L , Austin Sean , Stewart Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Human breastmilk is composed of many well researched bioactive components crucial for infant nutrition and priming of the neonatal microbiome and immune system. Understanding these components gives us crucial insight to the health and wellbeing of infants. Research surrounding glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) previously focused on those produced endogenously; however, recent efforts have shifted to understanding GAGs in human breastmilk. The structural complexity of GAGs makes detection and analysis complicated therefore, research is time consuming and limited to highly specialised teams experienced in carbohydrate analysis. In breastmilk, GAGs are present in varying quantities in four forms; chondroitin sulphate, heparin/heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate and hyaluronic acid, and are hypothesised to behave similar to other bioactive components with suspected roles in pathogen defense and proliferation of beneficial gut bacteria. Chondroitin sulphate and heparin, being the most abundant, are expected to have the most impact on infant health. Their decreasing concentration over lactation further indicates their role and potential importance during early life.
Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 and Proteolytic Activation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel in Mouse Kidney
Authors: Sure Florian , Afonso Sara , Essigke Daniel , Schmidt Paul , Kalo M. Zaher , Nesterov Viatcheslav , Kißler Alicia , Bertog Marko , Rinke Ralf , Wittmann Sabine , Broeker Katharina A.E. , Gramberg Thomas , Artunc Ferruh , Korbmacher Christoph , Ilyaskin Alexandr V. 
Published: October 2024

Key Points

Proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was compromised by transmembrane serine protease 2 deficiency in murine cortical collecting duct cells and native mouse kidney.To compensate for impaired ENaC activation, rise in plasma aldosterone in response to low-salt diet was enhanced in Tmprss2
−/− mice.Transmembrane serine protease 2 may be a potential drug target to limit proteolytic ENaC activation in disorders with increased renal ENaC activity.

Background
The renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is essential for sodium balance and BP control. ENaC undergoes complex proteolytic activation by not yet clearly identified tubular proteases. Here, we examined a potential role of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2).

Methods
Murine ENaC and TMPRSS2 were (co)expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. ENaC cleavage and function were studied in TMPRSS2-deficient murine cortical collecting duct (mCCDcl1) cells and TMPRSS2-knockout (Tmprss2

−/−
) mice. Short-circuit currents (I
SC) were measured to assess ENaC-mediated transepithelial sodium transport of mCCDcl1 cells. The mCCDcl1 cell transcriptome was studied using RNA sequencing. The effect of low-sodium diet with or without high potassium were compared in Tmprss2

−/−
and wild-type mice using metabolic cages. ENaC-mediated whole-cell currents were recorded from microdissected tubules of Tmprss2

−/−
and wild-type mice.

Results
In oocytes, coexpression of murine TMPRSS2 and ENaC resulted in fully cleaved γ-ENaC and approximately two-fold stimulation of ENaC currents. High baseline expression of TMPRSS2 was detected in mCCDcl1 cells without a stimulatory effect of aldosterone on its function or transcription. TMPRSS2 knockout in mCCDcl1 cells compromised γ-ENaC cleavage and reduced baseline and aldosterone-stimulated I
SC, which could be rescued by chymotrypsin. A compensatory transcriptional upregulation of other proteases was not observed. Tmprss2
−/− mice kept on standard diet exhibited no apparent phenotype, but renal γ-ENaC cleavage was altered. In response to a low-salt diet, particularly with high potassium intake, Tmprss2
−/− mice increased plasma aldosterone significantly more than wild-type mice to achieve a similar reduction of renal sodium excretion. Importantly, the stimulatory effect of trypsin on renal tubular ENaC currents was much more pronounced in Tmprss2
−/− mice than that in wild-type mice. This indicated the presence of incompletely cleaved and less active channels at the cell surface of TMPRSS2-deficient tubular epithelial cells.

Conclusions
TMPRSS2 contributes to proteolytic ENaC activation in mouse kidney in vivo.
Uso corporativo da mídia social X e a previsão dos analistas
Authors: Giordani Mikaéli da Silva , Klann Roberto Carlos 
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho objetivou investigar se o uso corporativo do X (antigo Twitter), para divulgação de informações financeiras, bem como curtidas, comentários e retweets relacionados a essas informações, podem melhorar a precisão da previsão dos analistas. A disseminação de informações no X sinaliza evidências adicionais para os interessados na organização, como os analistas. Foi operacionalizada regressão linear múltipla, com erros padrão robustos. A análise consistiu em 2.548 observações, no período de 2013 a 2019. Os resultados demonstram que o erro da previsão dos analistas é maximizado de acordo com as reações das publicações. As curtidas, comentários e retweets do trimestre anterior influenciam a precisão da previsão dos analistas no trimestre atual. Uma possível explicação para este resultado pode residir no fato de que as empresas publicam informações demasiadamente otimistas. Isso leva a uma reação otimista por parte dos usuários, consequentemente, induzindo os analistas ao erro. A análise adicional verificou a interação entre empresas com lucro no período e as variáveis do X. Os resultados da interação das variáveis com o lucro das empresas, indicaram que empresas lucrativas que tweetam demonstram ter um erro maior de previsão dos analistas, em comparação com empresas lucrativas que não tweetam. A pesquisa evidenciou que as mídias sociais podem ser um importante canal para disseminar informações financeiras pelas empresas. Ademais, a interação entre empresas e stakeholders, ou entre os próprios stakeholders no X, facilita a comunicação, circulação de informações e possibilita o feedback, aspectos que, em conjunto, influenciam os interessados na empresa, como os analistas.
Genre et stéréotypage médiatique: du procès des médias aux processus psycho-sociaux de facilitation ou de réactance
Authors: Chabrol Claude 
Published: October 2024

Résumé: Les discours sociaux publiquement produits dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines mettent en oeuvre des opérations de stéréotypages qui évoquent des représentations bien connues et parfois opposées, conformes ou non aux catégorisations psycho-sociales profondes. Leurs fonctions premières ne semblent pas être de renforcer les catégorisations de genre les plus traditionnelles ou de promouvoir leurs avatars modernes opposés, mais bien plutôt de les rendre compatibles entre elles, au risque de les vider de leurs significations premières au profit d’un Imaginaire social qui les concilierait toutes à la façon dont les mythes tentaient eux aussi pour Levi Strauss d’opérer une conciliation et un dépassement de représentations sociales contraires dans les sociétés antérieures. Ces discours suscitent aussi des phénomènes importants de résistance dits de “reactance”. Des psychologues proposent aussi de renforcer la résistance à cette persuasion qu’ils ont d’ailleurs souvent étudiée de près.Mots-clés: genre; medias; stéréotypage; catégorisation; réactance.Abstract: Social discourses publicly produced in contemporary Western societies implement stereotyping operations that evoke well-known representations and sometimes opposite representations, according to deep psycho-social categorizations or not. Their main functions do not seem to be the ones that reinforce the most traditional gender categorizations or promote their opposite modern avatars, but rather the one that makes them compatible with one another, at the risk of emptying their first meanings in favor of a social imaginary that would conciliate them all in the same way that myths also tried to operate a reconciliation and an overcoming of social representations contrary to previous societies with Levi Strauss.Keywords: Gender; Media; Stereotypes; Categorization; Reactance.
Prevalence of Cannabis Use Among US Workers in 15 States, 2016–2020
Authors: Evoy Richard , Victoroff Tristan 
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To examine the prevalence of cannabis use among US workers using data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during 2016 to 2020. Methods. We analyzed past 30-day cannabis use among US workers. We calculated weighted prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of cannabis use for working adults by industry groups, occupation groups, and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., sex, education, age, race/ethnicity). Results. During the 5-year survey period, the weighted prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use among adult US workers from the 15 states included in the BRFSS was 10.7%. The industry group with the highest weighted prevalence of use was accommodation and food services (20.7%), and the highest-ranking occupation group was food preparation and service (21.9%). The industry group with the highest APR was accommodation and food services (APR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10, 1.55), and the occupation group with the highest APR was arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media (APR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.52, 2.41). Conclusions. Cannabis use among US workers varied widely by sex, age, race, education, industry groups, and occupation groups. A more accurate understanding of this variation can help guide research, focus policy discussions, and prioritize health messaging. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S645–S653. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307788 )
Incomplete human reference genomes can drive false sex biases and expose patient-identifying information in metagenomic data
Authors: Knight Rob , Guccione Caitlin , Patel Lucas , Tomofuji Yoshihiko , McDonald Daniel , Gonzalez Antonio , Sepich-Poore Gregory , Sonehara Kyuto , Zakeri Mohsen , Chen Yang , Dilmore Amanda , Damle Neil , Baranzini Sergio , Nakatsuji Teruaki , Gallo Richard , Langmead Ben , Okada Yukinori , Curtius Kit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

As next-generation sequencing technologies produce deeper genome coverages at lower costs, there is a critical need for reliable computational host DNA removal in metagenomic data. We find that insufficient host filtration using prior human genome references can introduce false sex biases and inadvertently permit flow-through of host-specific DNA during bioinformatic analyses, which could be exploited for individual identification. To address these issues, we introduce and benchmark three host filtration methods of varying throughput, with concomitant applications across low biomass samples such as skin and high microbial biomass datasets including fecal samples. We find that these methods are important for obtaining accurate results in low biomass samples (e.g., tissue, skin). Overall, we demonstrate that rigorous host filtration is a key component of privacy-minded analyses of patient microbiomes and provide computationally efficient pipelines for accomplishing this task on large-scale datasets.
Exosomes Derived from liver failure patients' plasma stimulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells alleviate acute liver failure
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Ling Jun , You Shaoli , Zhu Bing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Exosomes derived from pre-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells have been found have a different therapeutic effect in disease, and bio-artificial liver therapy has been shown to play an effective role in liver failure; Here, we proposed to investigate the therapeutic potential of liver failure patients’ plasma stimulated MSCs-derived exosomes (LF-Exos).
Methods: We extracted untreated exosomes(NC-Exos) and LF-Exos, identified them using NTA, TEM and Western blotting, followed by miRNA sequencing. CCK-8, flow cytometry, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were used to detect the protective effects of LF-Exos on D-GalN/LPS induced acute injured hepatocytes and the ALF mouse model.
Results: Our study shows that after stimulated with liver failure patients’ plasma, the morphology of MSCs was significantly changed, and proliferation activity was weakened. A total of 31 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened using a gene chip, and further analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs might affect the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In addition, LF-Exos could induce AKT phosphorylation and reduce activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocytes or liver tissue, inhibit D-GalN/LPS induced apoptosis in hepatocytes, and reduce pathological liver injury of ALF mouse.
Conclusion: The biological effects of LF-Exos will be altered after stimulated with liver failure patients’ plasma (LF plasma), and LF-Exos may inhibit the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to exert a better protective effect on acute injured hepatocytes and ALF mouse models than NC-Exos.
Evidence-based Cancer Care: Assessing Multidisciplinary Tumor Board Recommendations and Guideline Adherence in a Non- Academic Medical Center
Authors: Leonhardt Carl-Stephan , Lanzenberger Leopold , Puehringer Raphael , Klaiber Ulla , Hauser Irene , Strobel Oliver , Prager Gerald , Bodingbauer Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) are associated with improved outcomes. Yet, most patients in Western countries receive cancer care at non-academic medical centers. Guideline adherence of MTB recommendations in non-academic medical centers as well as factors contributing to non-adherence have so far not been systematically investigated.Methods All cases discussed at the MTB of the Landesklinikum Baden-Moedling, Austria were eligible for inclusion. Guideline non-adherence was assessed by two reviewers independently using the AWMF S3 guidelines. Factors associated with guideline non-adherence were investigated.Results In total, 579 patients were included in the final analysis: 486 were female (83.9%) and 93 were male (16.1%), with a median age of 70 years (IQR 60–80). Most had breast cancer (n = 451; 77.9%), while 128 had colorectal cancer (22.1%). Complete adherence to guidelines was observed in 453 patients (78.2%), major deviations in 60 (10.4%), and minor deviations in 66 (11.4%) patients. Non-adherence was primarily due to patient preferences (n = 24; 40.0%), lack of surgical treatment recommendation (n = 24; 40.0%), and comorbidities (n = 9; 15.0%). After adjusting for relevant variables, predictors of non-adherence included older age at diagnosis (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04), colorectal cancer (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.99–7.42), higher ECOG status (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.18–2.16), and a more recent MTB conference (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.41).Conclusion Overall, guideline adherence was high for colorectal and breast cancer and comparable to results from academic medical centers. This study provides support for high-quality cancer treatment in the setting of a non-academic medical center. However, results need to be confirmed in other tumor entities.
Insecticide resistant Anopheles from Ethiopia but not Burkina Faso show a microbiome composition shift upon insecticide exposure.
Authors: Worku Netsanet , Sanou Antoine , Hartke Juiane , Morris Marion , Cissé Fatoumata , Ouédraogo Salimata , Tapsoba Madou , Vallon Nicola , Akilu Tewodros Debebe , Worku Ligabaw , Guelbeogo Moussa Wamdaogo , Ingham Victoria A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Malaria remains a key contributor to mortality and morbidity across Africa, with the highest burden in children under five. Insecticide based vector control tools, which target the adult Anopheles mosquito are the most efficacious tool in disease prevention. Due to the widespread use of these interventions, insecticide resistance is now ubiquitous across Africa. Understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to this phenotype is necessary to both track the spread of resistance and to design new tools to overcome resistance. Here, we show that the microbiome composition of insecticide resistant populations of An. gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis originating in Burkina Faso from field caught populations and colonies across two countries show no changes in microbial composition compared to their susceptible counterparts. In contrast, An. arabiensis from Ethiopia demonstrates clear differences in microbiome composition in those dying and surviving insecticide exposure. To further understand resistance in this An. arabiensis population, we performed RNAseq and saw differential expression of detoxification genes associated with insecticide resistance and changes to respiration, metabolism and synapse-related ion channels. Taken together, these results indicate that in addition to changes to the transcriptome, the microbiome can contribute to insecticide resistance in certain settings.
New Method for Cytological Evaluation Using Direct Nipple Discharge without Aspiration
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Cong Han , Zhang Xiaotong , Dong Xiaoya , Zhao Song , Hu Chaolu , MAIMO JUDE RANCHU , Wang Yawen , Zhang Kai , Wang Jianli , Li Pengyu , Ma Rong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Conventional smear cytology (CSC) is a specific method used for breast tumor diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge. However, CSC tends to miss diagnose or even misdiagnose due to contaminating blood cells and other impurities. Thus, it is critical to develop more accurate and sensitive methods for clinical evaluation. Using nipple discharge collected directly from patients without aspiration, we performed liquid-based cytology (LBC) to analyze 111 collected samples for cytological evaluation for the first time. Following centrifugation to remove blood cells and protein contaminants, the sample of each nipple discharge was analyzed by light microscopy. In parallel, CSC was performed for comparison. Our results showed LBC has better diagnostic sensitivity than CSC (40.00% vs 22.22%, χ2 = 6.636, P = 0.01). The specificity was improved (LBC 100% vs CSC 95.2%) and area under the curve was also enhanced (AUCLBC=0.700 vs AUCcsc=0.587). Moreover, LBC images have a cleaner background, clearer field of view, uniform cell arrangement, and improved colour contrast, with an overall image quality significantly better than CSC. Therefore, LBC provides a new and better diagnostic method for early detection of breast tumors with nipple discharge.