bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Lidocaine Infusions to Manage Opioid‐Refractory Pain in a Series of Cancer Patients in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Gibbons Kathleen , DeMonbrun Andrea , Beckman Elizabeth J. , Keefer Patricia , Wagner Deb , Stewart Margaret , Saul D'Anna , Hakel Stephanie , Liu My , Niedner Matthew 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundResearch on the safety and efficacy of continuous lidocaine infusions (CLIs) for the treatment of pain in the pediatric setting is limited. This article describes a series of pediatric oncology patients who received lidocaine infusions for refractory, longstanding, cancer‐related pain.ProcedureThis is a retrospective review of patients who underwent lidocaine infusions to manage severe, opioid‐refractory, cancer‐related pain. Four patients ranging in age from 8 to 18 years were admitted to a pediatric hospital for their medical conditions and/or pain management. Structured chart review established demographic and diagnosis information, infusion rates, side effects, and efficacy of infusions in providing pain relief. Lidocaine bolus doses, infusion rates, serum concentrations, and subjective pain scores were analyzed.ResultsMedian pain scores prior to lidocaine infusions were 8/10, falling to 2/10 at the infusion termination (P < 0.003), and rising to 3/10 in the first 24 hr after lidocaine (P < 0.029 compared to preinfusion pain). The infusions were generally well tolerated, with few side effects noted. In most cases, the improvement in pain scores persisted beyond termination of the infusion.ConclusionsCLIs were a helpful adjuvant in the four cases presented and may be an effective therapy for a more diverse array of refractory cancer pain. The majority of patients experienced pain relief well beyond the metabolic elimination of the lidocaine, corroborating a modulation effect on pain windup. Additional research regarding infusion rates, serum concentrations, side effects, and outpatient follow‐up in a larger group of patients will provide additional insight into the role and safety of this therapy in children.
The extent and correlates of community‐based pharmaceutical opioid utilisation in Australia
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Gisev Natasa , Cama Elena , Nielsen Suzanne , Larance Briony , Bruno Raimondo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeThere has been concern regarding the increasing use of opioids and related harm. We present data on opioid utilisation across Australia and consider sociodemographic factors that may affect utilisation rates.MethodsIMS Health national sales data for over‐the‐counter (codeine) and prescription opioids (buprenorphine, codeine, dextropropoxyphene, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, tapentadol and tramadol) were used to estimate total utilisation rates in the community during 2013, mapped to Statistical Local Areas (SLAs) and Remoteness Areas. All opioid amounts were measured in pack sales and milligrammes then converted to oral morphine equivalent milligrammes (OME mg) for comparison across opioids. Data on the demographic characteristics of SLAs were obtained from the ABS (sex and age distribution, income and levels of physical labour) and other sources (number of pharmacies in SLAs) and were included in linear regression analyses.ResultsIn 2013, an estimated 10 747 kg (OME) of opioids were sold across Australia, equating to 481 OME mg per person. There was considerable geographic variation in opioid utilisation, with higher rates of use in rural and regional areas. Geographic areas that were less populated, had more men and older people, proportionally more low‐income earning households and greater proportions in jobs requiring physical labour had higher utilisation rates.ConclusionsSubstantial geographic variation in opioid utilisation was identified, with areas outside of major cities having higher rates of utilisation of all types of opioids. Prescription monitoring and best practice interventions aimed at improving opioid use need to have a particular focus on areas outside of major cities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic field sensitivity at 7‐T using dual‐helmholtz transmit‐only coil and 12‐channel receive‐only bended coil
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Nam , Ryu Yeunchul , Seo Jeung‐Hoon , Kim Young‐Bo 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to combine a dual‐Helmholtz (DH) transmit (Tx)‐only coil and 12‐channel receive (Rx)‐only bended phased array (PA) coil to improve the magnetic flux (|B1|) sensitivity in the superior‐to‐inferior (S‐I) direction during human brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7‐T. The proposed coil combination was primarily implemented by electromagnetic (EM) simulation and compared with the 16‐leg birdcage coil and 8‐channel PA coil, which are generally used for the Tx‐ and Rx‐only modes, respectively. The optimal coil combinations for the proposed structure were determined by |B1| field calculations using the |BT+| and |BR−| fields, which are respectively the transmit and receive components of the |B1| field. The coil performance was then evaluated by a bench test and 7‐T MRI experiment. The results of the computational calculations indicated that the |BT+| field of the DH coil was distributed similarly to that of the 16‐leg birdcage coil despite the fewer conducting legs of the former. However, the 12‐channel Rx‐only bended PA coil had clearly higher |BR−| profiles compared to the 8‐channel PA coil. The results of the 7‐T in vivo experiment showed that the proposed combination of the DH Tx‐only coil and 12‐channel Rx‐only bended PA coil had better |B1| field homogeneity in the sagittal slice as well as higher |B1| field sensitivity during human brain MRI compared to an 8‐channel Rx‐only PA coil. SCANNING 38:515–524, © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
H3K4 Methyltransferase Set1a Is A Key Oct4 Coactivator Essential for Generation of Oct4 Positive Inner Cell Mass
Authors: Fang Lan , Zhang Jun , Zhang Hui , Yang Xiaoqin , Jin Xueling , Zhang Ling , Skalnik David G. , Jin Ying , Zhang Yong , Huang Xingxu , Li Jiwen , Wong Jiemin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Limited core transcription factors and transcriptional cofactors have been shown to govern embryonic stem cell (ESC) transcriptional circuitry and pluripotency, but the molecular interactions between the core transcription factors and cofactors remains ill defined. Here, we analyzed the protein–protein interactions between Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc (abbreviated as OSKM) and a large panel of cofactors. The data reveal both specific and common interactions between OSKM and cofactors. We found that among the SET1/MLL family H3K4 methyltransferases, Set1a specifically interacts with Oct4 and this interaction is independent of Wdr5. Set1a is recruited to and required for H3K4 methylation at the Oct4 target gene promoters and transcriptional activation of Oct4 target genes in ESCs, and consistently Set1a is required for ESC maintenance and induced pluripotent stem cell generation. Gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq analyses demonstrate the broad involvement of Set1a in Oct4 transcription circuitry and strong enrichment at TSS sites. Gene knockout study demonstrates that Set1a is not only required for mouse early embryonic development but also for the generation of Oct4-positive inner cell mass. Together our study provides valuable information on the molecular interactions between OSKM and cofactors and molecular mechanisms for the functional importance of Set1a in ESCs and early development.
Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Reveals Modulation of Angiogenesis via Nuclear Factor-KappaB Signaling
Authors: Anderson Johnathon D. , Johansson Henrik J. , Graham Calvin S. , Vesterlund Mattias , Pham Missy T. , Bramlett Charles S. , Montgomery Elizabeth N. , Mellema Matt S. , Bardini Renee L. , Contreras Zelenia , Hoon Madeline , Bauer Gerhard , Fink Kyle D. , Fury Brian , Hendrix Kyle J. , Chedin Frederic , EL-Andaloussi Samir , Hwang Billie , Mulligan Michael S. , Lehtiö Janne , Nolta Jan A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known to facilitate healing of ischemic tissue related diseases through proangiogenic secretory proteins. Recent studies further show that MSC derived exosomes function as paracrine effectors of angiogenesis, however, the identity of which components of the exosome proteome responsible for this effect remains elusive. To address this we used high-resolution isoelectric focusing coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, an unbiased high throughput proteomics approach to comprehensively characterize the proteinaceous contents of MSCs and MSC derived exosomes. We probed the proteome of MSCs and MSC derived exosomes from cells cultured under expansion conditions and under ischemic tissue simulated conditions to elucidate key angiogenic paracrine effectors present and potentially differentially expressed in these conditions. In total, 6,342 proteins were identified in MSCs and 1,927 proteins in MSC derived exosomes, representing to our knowledge the first time these proteomes have been probed comprehensively. Multilayered analyses identified several putative paracrine effectors of angiogenesis present in MSC exosomes and increased in expression in MSCs exposed to ischemic tissue-simulated conditions; these include platelet derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and most notably nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkB) signaling pathway proteins. NFkB signaling was identified as a key mediator of MSC exosome induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells by functional in vitro validation using a specific inhibitor. Collectively, the results of our proteomic analysis show that MSC derived exosomes contain a robust profile of angiogenic paracrine effectors, which have potential for the treatment of ischemic tissue-related diseases.
Preparation of Hydride‐Ethylene Complexes of Osmium
Authors: Albertin Gabriele , Antoniutti Stefano , Botter Alessandra , Castro Jesús 
Published: January 2016

Abstract Ethylene complexes [OsH(η2‐CH2=CH2)L4]Y (1, 2) [L = PPh(OEt)2, P(OEt)3; Y = OTf, BPh4] were prepared by reacting the dihydride OsH2L4 first with methyl triflate CH3OTf and then with ethylene (1 atm). Alternatively, the compound [OsH(η2‐CH2=CH2){PPh(OEt)2}4]OTf was prepared by allowing the dinitrogen derivative [OsH(N2){PPh(OEt)2}4]OTf to react with ethylene. Acrylonitrile CH2=C(H)CN reacts with OsH(OTf)L4 [L = P(OEt)3] to give the complex [OsH{κ1‐NCC(H)=CH2}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 (3). The complexes were characterized spectroscopically (IR and 1H, 13C, 31P NMR) and by X‐ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(η2‐CH2=CH2){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivative.
Basistherapie bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis und kolorektaler Tumoranamnese
Authors: Kleinert S. , Waldner M. , Wendler J. , Kunzmann V. 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Zellen des adaptiven Immunsystems sind relevant für die Antitumorreaktion. Aus diesem Grund muss die Basistherapie („disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs“, DMARD) bei Patienten mit gastrointestinaler Tumoranamnese mit besonderem Bedacht gewählt werden.

Zielsetzung
Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung der Evidenz hinsichtlich kolorektaler Karzinome (KRK) und rheumatoider Arthritis (RA).

Methode und Ergebnisse
Der Arbeit liegt eine Recherche von Pubmed sowie der Kongressabstracts von EULAR und ACR zugrunde. Dem klinisch tätigen Rheumatologen wird ein kurzer Überblick über gegenwärtige Empfehlungen zum Screening und zur Nachsorge des KRK gegeben. Der aktuelle Stand der Therapie und zukünftige therapeutische Optionen werden skizziert. Die erniedrigte Inzidenz bei RA-Patienten wird dargestellt, ebenso die Inzidenz unter verschiedenen DMARDs. Die RA-Therapie in verschiedenen Tumorsituationen wird diskutiert, d. h. während einer zytostatischen Therapie, sowie in einer palliativen oder kurativen Situation. Die Evidenz dazu wird dargestellt. Trotz der eher unbefriedigenden Evidenzlage erfolgen Fazit und praktische Überlegungen für den klinisch tätigen Rheumatologen.
Elucidating Genetic Counseling Outcomes from the Perspective of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Zierhut Heather A. , Shannon K. M. , Cragun D. L. , Cohen S. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOutcomes in the field of genetic counseling have not been well‐defined or categorized, despite pressures to provide evidence‐based measures in all areas of healthcare. This study describes a process to elucidate and categorize a wide‐ranging set of outcomes as characterized by diverse groups of practicing genetic counselors. Semi‐structured focus groups were conducted at the National Society of Genetic Counselors 2013 NSGC Annual Education Conference during an educational breakout session. A general inductive qualitative research approach was utilized to code focus group notes, categorize them into themes, and compare them across specialty groups. A total of 107 individuals participated in 14 focus groups, consisting of specialists in cancer (n = 20), general genetics (n = 40), prenatal genetics (n = 11), and “other” (n = 36). Of the twelve genetic counseling outcomes themes identified, the most common across focus groups included: 1) appropriateness of testing and accuracy of results interpretation; 2) psychosocial outcomes; 3) adherence to or receipt of appropriate medical management; and 4) patient and provider knowledge. Data assessed by specialty demonstrated similarities in outcomes themes, suggesting that a common set of genetic counseling outcomes would likely be appropriate to cover the majority of needs for the profession. Results can serve as a platform from which to build a more well‐defined and comprehensive set of outcomes.
A Simplified Methodology to Measure the Characteristic Curvature (Cc) of Alkyl Ethoxylate Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Zarate‐Muñoz Silvia , Texeira de Vasconcelos Felipe , Myint‐Myat Khaing , Minchom Jack , Acosta Edgar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis work introduces a simplified methodology for measuring the characteristic curvature (Cc) of commercial alkyl ethoxylate nonionic surfactants using carefully selected reference surfactants and oils that produce rapid and well defined separations in salinity scans. The Cc of the commercial reference surfactants was calculated using optimal salinities (S*) obtained from solubilization parameter curves, from interfacial tensions (for a selected system), and from emulsion stability tests. The latter provided a fast detection of S*, in a matter of minutes. The calibrated Cc of the reference surfactants was subsequently used to measure the Cc of various commercial alkyl ethoxylate surfactants. The combination of mixtures of test and reference surfactants and emulsion stability tests produced reproducible Cc values that could be obtained with simple bottle tests and in a timely manner. The values obtained using this methodology were cross‐checked, and proved to be consistent, when using different combinations of reference surfactants and oils, and when conducted by different individuals. The standard deviation of Cc from these measurements was typically ±0.2 Cc units, but it could be as large as 25 % of the Cc value for highly hydrophilic surfactants. After comparing the values of Cc obtained experimentally with values calculated from nominal structures (via a group contribution model) it became clear that there are differences between these values, likely because of the polydispersity of alkyl ethoxylate surfactants.
Increased HDL Size and Enhanced Apo A‐I Catabolic Rates Are Associated With Doxorubicin‐Induced Proteinuria in New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: López‐Olmos Victoria , Carreón‐Torres Elizabeth , Luna‐Luna María , Flores‐Castillo Cristobal , Martínez‐Ramírez Miriam , Bautista‐Pérez Rocío , Franco Martha , Sandoval‐Zárate Julio , Roldán Francisco‐Javier , Aranda‐Fraustro Alberto , Soria‐Castro Elizabeth , Muñoz‐Vega Mónica , Fragoso José‐Manuel , Vargas‐Alarcón Gilberto , Pérez‐Méndez Oscar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe catabolism and structure of high‐density lipoproteins (HDL) may be the determining factor of their atheroprotective properties. To better understand the role of the kidney in HDL catabolism, here we characterized HDL subclasses and the catabolic rates of apo A‐I in a rabbit model of proteinuria. Proteinuria was induced by intravenous administration of doxorubicin in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 10). HDL size and HDL subclass lipids were assessed by electrophoresis of the isolated lipoproteins. The catabolic rate of HDL‐apo A‐I was evaluated by exogenous radiolabelling with iodine‐131. Doxorubicin induced significant proteinuria after 4 weeks (4.47 ± 0.55 vs. 0.30 ± 0.02 g/L of protein in urine, P < 0.001) associated with increased uremia, creatininemia, and cardiotoxicity. Large HDL2b augmented significantly during proteinuria, whereas small HDL3b and HDL3c decreased compared to basal conditions. HDL2b, HDL2a, and HDL3a subclasses were enriched with triacylglycerols in proteinuric animals as determined by the triacylglycerol‐to‐phospholipid ratio; the cholesterol content in HDL subclasses remained unchanged. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of [131I]‐apo A‐I in the proteinuric rabbits was faster (FCR = 0.036 h−1) compared to control rabbits group (FCR = 0.026 h−1, P < 0.05). Apo E increased and apo A‐I decreased in HDL, whereas PON‐1 activity increased in proteinuric rabbits. Proteinuria was associated with an increased number of large HDL2b particles and a decreased number of small HDL3b and 3c. Proteinuria was also connected to an alteration in HDL subclass lipids, apolipoprotein content of HDL, high paraoxonase‐1 activity, and a rise in the fractional catabolic rate of the [131I]‐apo A‐I.
Electrosonodiagnosis in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Proposed Diagnostic Algorithm Based on an Analytic Literature Review
Authors: Goldberg Gary , Zeckser Jeffrey M. , Mummaneni Revati , Tucker Jason D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundSuspected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) remains the most common clinical scenario prompting referral for electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies to identify objective correlates of reported subjective symptoms and clinical examination findings. Despite much debate and a rapidly expanding literature, identification of an optimal algorithm for diagnosing focal median mononeuropathy at the wrist (FMMW) associated with CTS signs and symptoms remains elusive. The introduction and rapid dissemination of peripheral nerve ultrasound imaging (PN‐USI) of the median nerve has raised new questions regarding the relative value of structural information from PN‐USI versus physiological information from EDx in the diagnosis of FMMW, as well as the significance of various clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of CTS. The means by which PN‐USI and EDx may be optimally deployed and integrated in the process of diagnosing FMMW remains to be clearly delineated.ObjectiveTo complete an analytical literature review to guide the formulation of a clinical diagnostic algorithm (CDA) integrating the use of PN‐USI and EDx for the optimal detection of FMMW in the context of making a clinical diagnosis of CTS.Data SourcesA structured literature review was performed on the MEDLINE medical literature database accessed through PubMed.AnalysisPapers with particular relevance and connection to the goal of formulating the CDA were selected from the identified studies. Studies specifically examining the correlations between systematically documented clinical symptomatology, EDx findings, and PN‐USI findings were reviewed for consistent outcomes that could be incorporated into a CDA to guide the integration of these two complementary technologies in the diagnostic process.LimitationsThe formulation of the algorithm was limited to measures with established validity that can be readily obtained by means of widely accepted protocols using standard EDx and ultrasound equipment. The formulated algorithm assumes a consistent association between pathophysiology and anatomical deformation of the median nerve, which may not occur in certain situations. It may also not be as accurately applied to patients with CTS with significant comorbid neuromuscular conditions.ConclusionsAn algorithm has been developed and presented, and illustrated as a flow chart, based on findings reported in the relevant reviewed literature in which PN‐USI is proposed as a painless and rapidly performed screening test for FMMW to be completed before subjecting a patient to a systematic EDx testing process.
The Waterless Portable Private Toilet: An Innovative Sanitation Solution in Disaster Zones
Authors: Kim Yongkyun , Hashemi Shervin , Han Mooyoung , Kim Tschungil , Sohn Hong-Gyoo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCatastrophes can occur without warning and inevitably cause short-term and long-term problems. In disaster zones, having an action plan to alleviate difficulties can reduce or prevent many long-lasting complications. One of the most critical and urgent issues is sanitation. Water, energy, personnel, transportation, and the allocation of resources in disaster areas tend to become very limited during emergencies. Sanitation systems suffer in the process, potentially leading to crises due to unsafe and unhygienic surroundings. This article explores the problems of current sanitation practices in disaster areas and identifies the essential characteristics of sustainable sanitation systems. This study also presents a plan for an innovative and sustainable sanitation system using a waterless, portable, private toilet, in addition to a procedure for collecting and disposing waste. The system is agronomic, is socially acceptable, prevents contact with human waste, and can be used for individuals or families. Environmental pollution and social problems (such as sexual harassment) can be reduced both during and after restoration. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:281–285)
QUASI-EVIDENTIALISM: INTERESTS, JUSTIFICATION AND EPISTEMIC VIRTUE
Authors: Freedman Karyn L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper I argue against what I call ‘strict evidentialism’, the view that evidence is the sole factor for determining the normative status of beliefs. I argue that strict evidentialism fails to capture the uniquely subjective standpoint of believers and as a result it fails to provide us with the tools necessary to apply its own epistemic norms. In its place I develop an interest-relative theory of justification which I call quasi-evidentialism, according to which S has a justified belief that P at time t if and only if S's evidence at time t supports P in proportion to S's interest in P. I take interests as fixed and argue that adjusting our confidence in a proposition in the right way, given our interests, is fine-tuned through the exercise of intellectual virtue, in particular the virtue of epistemic conscientiousness. This theory refocuses epistemic responsibility in the subject and by locating agency in the cultivation of epistemic virtue it also provides a handy solution to the problem of doxastic voluntarism, insofar as the development of our epistemic virtue guides our responsiveness to reason.