bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cohort study on physician documentation and the accuracy of administrative data coding to improve passive surveillance of transient ischaemic attacks
Authors: Yu Amy Y X , Quan Hude , McRae Andrew D , Wagner Gabrielle O , Hill Michael D , Coutts Shelagh B 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAdministrative health data are valuable in health research and disease surveillance, but have low to moderate sensitivity in identifying transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to identify the predictors of coding accuracy for TIA.MethodsThe study population was obtained from two ongoing studies on the diagnosis of TIA, minor stroke and stroke mimic. ED charts were manually reviewed by a stroke neurologist to obtain the clinical diagnosis, patient characteristics and content of physician documentation. Administrative data codes were compared with the chart-adjudicated diagnosis to determine cases of misclassification by administrative data. Univariable regression was used to evaluate candidate predictors of disagreement, and the significant variables were tested in a multivariable model to obtain an adjusted estimate of effect.ResultsAmong 417 patients (39.1% TIA, 37.2% minor stroke and 23.7% stroke mimics), there were 122 cases of disagreement between adjudications and administrative data codes for the diagnosis of TIA. The majority of disagreement (n=103/122, 84.4%) arose from adjudicated TIA cases that were misclassified as non-TIA in administrative data coding. There were 78 (18.7%) charts with documented uncertain diagnosis, and 73 (17.5%) charts had no definite diagnosis. The relative risk of disagreement between chart adjudication and administrative data coding when the final diagnosis was uncertain or absent was 1.82(1.36, 2.44) and the risk difference was 18.5%. Multivariable logistic regression analyses confirmed this association using different case definition algorithms.ConclusionsIn suspected patients with TIA and minor stroke presenting to the ED, physician documentation was the dominant factor in coding accuracy, supporting the concept that physicians are active participants in administrative data coding. Strategies to improve chart documentation are predicted to have a positive effect on coding accuracy.
Linked symptom monitoring and depression treatment programmes for specialist cancer services: protocol for a mixed-methods implementation study
Authors: Wanat Marta , Walker Jane , Burke Katy , Sevdalis Nick , Richardson Alison , Mulick Amy , Frost Chris , Sharpe Michael 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionThere is growing awareness that cancer services need to address patients’ well-being as well as treating their cancer. We developed systematic approaches to (1) monitoring patients’ symptoms including depression using a ‘Symptom Monitoring Service’ and (2) providing treatment for those with major depression using a programme called ‘Depression Care for People with Cancer’. Used together, these two programmes were found to be highly effective and cost-effective in clinical trials. The overall aims of this project are to: (1) study the process of introducing these programmes into routine clinical care in a large cancer service, (2) identify the challenges associated with implementation and how these are overcome, (3) determine their effectiveness in a routine non-research setting and (4) describe patients’ and clinicians’ experience of the programmes.Methods and analysisThis is a mixed-methods longitudinal implementation study. We will study the process of implementation in three phases (April 2016–December 2018): ‘Pre-implementation’ (setting up of the new programmes), ‘Early Implementation’ (implementation of the programmes in a small number of clinics) and ‘Implementation and Maintenance’ (implementation in the majority of clinics). We will use the following methods of data collection: (1) contemporaneous logs of the implementation process, (2) interviews with healthcare professionals and managers, (3) interviews with patients and (4) routinely collected clinical data.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed by a joint committee of Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust Research and Development Department and the University of Oxford’s Clinical Trials and Research Governance Department and judged to be service evaluation, not requiring ethics committee approval. The findings of this study will guide the scaling up implementation of the programmes across the UK and will enable us to construct an implementation toolkit. We will disseminate our findings in publications and at relevant national and international conferences.
Rural to urban migration is associated with increased prevalence of childhood wheeze in a Latin-American city
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro , Vaca Maritza G , Chico Martha E , Rodrigues Laura C , Barreto Mauricio L , Cooper Philip J 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionThe urbanisation process has been associated with increases in asthma prevalence in urban and rural areas of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, although rural to urban migration and migration between cities are considered important determinants of this process, few studies have evaluated the effects of internal migration on asthma in urban populations of LMICs. The present study evaluated the effects of internal migration on the prevalence of wheeze in an urban area of Latin America.MethodsWe did a cross-sectional analysis of 2510 schoolchildren living in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations between childhood wheeze and different aspects of migration among schoolchildren.Results31% of schoolchildren were migrants. Rural to urban migrants had a higher prevalence of wheeze, (adj.OR=2.01,95% CI1.30 to 3.01, p=0.001) compared with non-migrants. Age of migration and time since migration were associated with wheeze only for rural to urban migrants but not for urban to urban migrants. Children who had migrated after 3 years of age had a greater risk of wheeze (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.97, p=0.001) than non-migrants while migrants with less than 5 years living in the new residence had a higher prevalence of wheeze than non-migrants (<3 years: OR=2.34, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.33, p<0.007 and 3–5 years: OR=3.03, 95% CI 1.49 to 6.15, p<0.002).ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that rural to urban migration is associated with an increase in the prevalence of wheeze among schoolchildren living in a Latin-American city. Age of migration and time since migration were important determinants of wheeze only among migrants from rural areas. A better understanding of the social and environmental effects of internal migration could improve our understanding of the causes of the increase in asthma and differences in prevalence between urban and rural populations.
On Discontinuous Piecewise Linear Models for Memristor Oscillators
Authors: Amador Andrés , Freire Emilio , Ponce Enrique , Ros Javier 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we provide for the first time rigorous mathematical results regarding the rich dynamics of piecewise linear memristor oscillators. In particular, for each nonlinear oscillator given in [Itoh & Chua, 2008], we show the existence of an infinite family of invariant manifolds and that the dynamics on such manifolds can be modeled without resorting to discontinuous models. Our approach provides topologically equivalent continuous models with one dimension less but with one extra parameter associated to the initial conditions. It is possible to justify the periodic behavior exhibited by three-dimensional memristor oscillators, by taking advantage of known results for planar continuous piecewise linear systems. The analysis developed not only confirms the numerical results contained in previous works [Messias et al., 2010; Scarabello & Messias, 2014] but also goes much further by showing the existence of closed surfaces in the state space which are foliated by periodic orbits. The important role of initial conditions that justify the infinite number of periodic orbits exhibited by these models, is stressed. The possibility of unsuspected bistable regimes under specific configurations of parameters is also emphasized.
Intratumoral STING Activation with T-cell Checkpoint Modulation Generates Systemic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Ager Casey R. , Reilley Matthew J. , Nicholas Courtney , Bartkowiak Todd , Jaiswal Ashvin R. , Curran Michael A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Coordinated manipulation of independent immune regulatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment—including blockade of T-cell checkpoint receptors and reversal of suppressive myeloid programs—can render aggressive cancers susceptible to immune rejection. Elevated toxicity associated with combination immunotherapy, however, prevents translation of the most efficacious regimens. We evaluated T-cell checkpoint–modulating antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and 4-1BB together with myeloid agonists targeting either STING or Flt3 in the TRAMP-C2 model of prostate cancer to determine whether low-dose intratumoral delivery of these agents could elicit systemic control of multifocal disease. Intratumoral administration of the STING agonist cyclic di-GMP (CDG) or Flt3 Ligand (Flt3L) augmented the therapeutic effect of systemic triple checkpoint modulation and promoted the cure of 75% of mice with bilateral TRAMP-C2; however, when all agents were administered locally, only CDG mobilized abscopal immunity. Combination efficacy correlated with globally enhanced ratios of CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells (Treg), macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and downregulation of the M2 marker CD206 on tumor-associated macrophages. Flt3L improved CD8+ T-cell and dendritic cell infiltration of tumors, but was diminished in efficacy by concomitant Treg expansion. Although intratumoral CDG/checkpoint therapy invokes substantial ulceration at the injection site, reduced CDG dosing can preserve tissue integrity without sacrificing therapeutic benefit. For high-order combinations of T-cell checkpoint antibodies and local myeloid agonists, systemic antibody administration provides the greatest efficacy; however, local administration of CDG and antibody provides substantial systemic benefit while minimizing the potential for immune-related adverse events. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 676–84. ©2017 AACR.
СИНТЕЗ ТА ПРОТИПУХЛИННА АКТИВНІСТЬ 6-(Н/Ме)-N-(5-R-БЕНЗИЛ-1,3-ТІАЗОЛ-2-ІЛ)-4,5,6,7-ТЕТРАГІДРО-1- БЕНЗОТІОФЕН-3-КАРБОКСАМІДІВ
Authors: Ostapiuk Yu. V. , Frolov D. A. , Matiychuk V. S. 
Published: July 2017

Мета роботи. Синтез нових 6-(Н/Ме)-N-(5-R-бензил-1,3-тіазол-2-іл)-4,5,6,7-тетрагідро-1-бензотіофен-3-карбокса-амідів та дослідження їх протипухлинної активності.Матеріали і методи. При виконанні експериментальної частини роботи використано традиційні методи органічного синтезу. Вихідні реагенти синтезовані за відомими методиками із комерційно доступних реактивів. Спектри ЯМР одержаних сполук знімали на приладі Varian VXR-400, розчинник DMSO-d6, стандарт – тетраметилсилан. Вивчення протипухлинної активності синтезованих сполук виконували в рамках міжнародної наукової програми DTP (Developmental Therapeutic Program) Національного інституту раку (NCI, Бетезда, Меріленд, США).Результати й обговорення. Отримано серію нових 6-(Н/Ме)-N-(5-R-бензил-1,3-тіазол-2-іл)-4,5,6,7-тетрагідро-1-бензотіофен-3-карбоксамідів (5а-h). Досліджено протипухлинну активність N-[5-(3-хлоробензил)-1,3-тіазол-2-іл]-4,5,6,7-тетрагідро-1-бензотіофен-3-карбоксаміду (5b), N-(5-бензил-1,3-тіазол-2-іл-6-метил-4,5,6,7-тетрагідро-1-бензотіофен-3-карбоксаміду (5d) та 6-мeтил-N-{5-[2-хлоро-5-(трифторометил)бензил]-1,3-тіазол-2-іл}-4,5,6,7-тетрагідро-1-бензотіофен-3-карбоксаміду (5h). Встановлено, що сполуки 5b і 5d володіють значним протипухлинним ефектом.Висновки. Вперше отримано серію нових 6-(Н/Ме)-N-(5-R-бензил-1,3-тіазол-2-іл)-4,5,6,7-тетрагідро-1-бензотіофен-3-карбоксамідів (5а-h). Досліджено їх протипухлинну активність. Ідентифіковано сполуки-хіти, перспективні для подальшої оптимізації.
Outcomes and Prognostic Impact of Prophylactic Oral Anticoagulation in Anterior ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Shavadia Jay S. , Youngson Erik , Bainey Kevin R. , Bakal Jeffrey , Welsh Robert C. 
Published: July 2017

Background

The contemporary role of prophylactic anticoagulation following extensive anterior wall
ST
‐segment myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) is unclear.

Methods and Results

We evaluated anterior
STEMI
patients with left ventricle dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%) (“high risk”), categorized by prophylactic warfarin use, within a regional
STEMI
. Patients with pre‐existing atrial fibrillation were excluded. The primary outcome was an adjusted (for Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score) 1‐year composite of recurrent ischemia, stroke/transient ischemic attack/systemic embolism, or all‐cause death. Of the 2032
STEMI
admissions, 436 (21.5%) were high risk. After excluding 19 (4.4%) patients with definite left ventricle thrombus and 21 (4.8%) in‐hospital deaths (2 had left ventricle thrombus), prophylactic warfarin was utilized in 236/398 (59.3%) high‐risk survivors. Prescriptions were comparable across sex, but recipients were on average younger (58.5 years versus 64.0 years,
P
<0.001) and lower risk (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk: 163 versus 181,
P
<0.001). No association on the adjusted ischemic composite (23.3% versus 25.3%, odds ratio 0.96, 95%
CI
0.60–1.55) or thromboembolic events (2.1% versus 1.2%, odds ratio 1.99, 95%
CI
0.38–10.51) was observed, but reduced 1‐year all‐cause mortality was noted (2.5% versus 8.6%, odds ratio 0.30, 95%
CI
0.11–0.81); numerically higher major bleeding was observed at 1 year (2.5% versus 1.2%, odds ratio 2.17, 95%
CI
0.43–10.96).

Conclusions

A high utilization of prophylactic warfarin occurs in anterior
STEMI
patients with left ventricle dysfunction, yet appears to provide no additional benefit on the ischemic composite. The association with lower all‐cause mortality, but higher bleeding, calls for an improved understanding of its role in high‐risk
STEMI
.
The Measurement of Tracking Proficiency
Authors: Kelley Charles R. 
Published: July 2017

The problem of measuring tracking proficiency is reviewed and analyzed. The five classes of measurements discussed are: (1) single-axis error amplitude scores; (2) multi-axis error amplitude scores; (3) simple frequency scores; control effort; (4) special engineering measurement techniques; (5) adaptive tracking measurements. The most widely used score in psychological investigations, time on target, is shown not to be an interval measurement of tracking error amplitude and, in addition, is shown to be unreliable. Seventeen equations for the measurement of tracking skill are described. Adaptive tracking measurement techniques are shown to be more effective than are techniques employing fixed-difficulty tasks.
Elite Views on American Education
Authors: Karier Clarence J. 
Published: July 2017

The abler persons in the world in the long run are the more clean, decent, just, and kind. Edward L. Thorndike If the aristocratic principle continues to give way to the equalitarian denial of the need of leadership, parliamentary government may ultimately become impossible. Irving Babbitt A second set of requisites of a humane civilization is that the dominant elite should know what they want, that they should give the people what they think best for the people, and that they should make the people both like and fit the scheme. Lawrence Dennis
A Note on the Informativeness of Parts of Words
Authors: Bruner Jerome S. , O'Dowd Donald 
Published: July 2017

The experiment reported in this paper was designed to determine which part of a printed word is most useful to a reader as a basis for recognition of the whole word. Versions of ninety common English nouns were prepared in which typographical reversals were inserted at the beginning, middle or end of the word. These were then presented in a tachistoscope to subjects who were asked to recognize the words. The results of the experiment showed that an error in the beginning of a word is significantly more disruptive of recognition than an error in the middle or the end of a word and that an error at the end is more disruptive than an error in the middle.
Referential Effects on Articulatory Learning
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of referent changes on the articulatory learning of familiar words. Two groups of school-age children learned correct articulatory productions of /s/ in /saIn/ and /saId/ in sequences ranging from single-word imitation to spontaneous production in connected discourse. One group was presented with new definitions and pictorial referents when learning the utterances /saIn/ and /saId/, while the other group learned /saIn/ and /saId/ in the familiar semantic context. The results suggest that the articulatory response /s/, in /saIn/ and /saId/, may be learned more effectively by an approach that assigns a nonsense referent to /saIn/ and /saId/, rather than an approach that maintains the original meaningful referent while training correct /s/ productions. Correct /s/ productions learned in this nonsense context, however, do not readily generalize to original semantic contexts. Additional training must be provided to establish these correct productions when the phonemic configurations, /saIn/ and /saId/, are under the stimulus control of the original, meaningful referent. Lastly, it appears that /s/ productions learned in the original context are generalized more easily to other meaningful words than /s/ productions learned in the nonsense context.
Glossolalia as Regressive Speech
Authors: Samarin William J. 
Published: July 2017

Although there is considerable agreement about the phonological characteristics of religious glossolalia, based for the most part on utterances produced by native speakers of English, opinions differ widely about the causation of glossolalia. Most of the explanations are psychological or physiological. It is demonstrated that these explanations are inadequate because they are ad hoc and because they do not comprehend enough data. One hypothesis is treated in detail, namely, that glossolalia is a product of trance. This paper claims that a causative explanation for glossolalia must account for (1) religious glossolalic behaviour that is not demonstrably pathological or dissociative and (2) other spontaneous, ephemeral, and " meaningless " utterances in non-religious contexts. It is suggested that there is a single phenomenon of linguistic " regression " whose basic component is a stream of speech produced unconsciously with early-acquired rules of phonation but more or less consciously modified according to socially meaningful values and attitudes. It would appear, therefore, that there is a broad spectrum of anomalous speech of which religious glossolalia is only one manifestation. Moreover, although physiological-psychological states are not irrelevant to glossolalic output, socio-cultural factors are also determinant.
Right Ear Advantage for Speech Presented Monaurally
Authors: Fry D. B. 
Published: July 2017

In a series of choice reaction time experiments members of minimal pairs of English words were presented monaurally to the right and left ears of right-handed subjects, who made a key-pressing response indicating the word they had heard. The word pairs used were /pit:bit/, /bit:bet/, /lei:rei/ and /splei:sprei/; the stimuli were recorded natural utterances. Mean reaction times showed a highly significant right ear advantage of 25 msec. in the case of the word pair /splei:sprei/, a significant right ear advantage of 15 msec. for /lei:rei/ and no significant difference between the ears for /pit:bit/ or /bit:bet/.
Pap Smear Rates among Haitian Immigrant Women in Eastern Massachusetts
Authors: Green Eric H. , Freund Karen M. , Posner Michael A. , David Michele M. 
Published: July 2017

Objective. Given limited prior evidence of high rates of cervical cancer in Haitian immigrant women in the U.S., this study was designed to examine self-reported Pap smear screening rates for Haitian immigrant women and compare them to rates for women of other ethnicities. Methods. Multi-ethnic women at least 40 years of age living in neighborhoods with large Haitian immigrant populations in eastern Massachusetts were surveyed in 2000–2002. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effect of demographic and health care characteristics on Pap smear rates. Results. Overall, 81% (95% confidence interval 79%, 84%) of women in the study sample reported having had a Pap smear within three years. In unadjusted analyses, Pap smear rates differed by ethnicity ( p=0.003), with women identified as Haitian having a lower crude Pap smear rate (78%) than women identified as African American (87%), English-speaking Caribbean (88%), or Latina (92%). Women identified as Haitian had a higher rate than women identified as non-Hispanic white (74%). Adjustment for differences in demographic factors known to predict Pap smear acquisition (age, marital status, education level, and household income) only partially accounted for the observed difference in Pap smear rates. However, adjustment for these variables as well as those related to health care access (single site for primary care, health insurance status, and physician gender) eliminated the ethnic difference in Pap smear rates. Conclusions. The lower crude Pap smear rate for Haitian immigrants relative to other women of color was in part due to differences in ( 1) utilization of a single source for primary care, ( 2) health insurance, and ( 3) care provided by female physicians. Public health programs, such as the cancer prevention programs currently utilized in eastern Massachusetts, may influence these factors. Thus, the relatively high Pap rate among women in this study may reflect the success of these programs. Public health and elected officials will need to consider closely how implementing or withdrawing these programs may impact immigrant and minority communities.
A Two-Stage Sampling Method for Clinical Surveillance of Individuals in Care for HIV Infection in the United States
Authors: Sullivan Patrick S. , Karon John M. , Malitz Faye E. , Broyles Stephanie , Mokotoff Eve D. , Buskin Susan E. , Fleming Patricia L. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives. The goals of this study were two-fold: ( 1) to describe methods for drawing a population-based sample of individuals in care for HIV infection and ( 2) to compare data from the sample with data from existing surveillance systems that describe care for HIV. Methods. The authors implemented a two-stage sampling method, using local HIV/AIDS surveillance data as a sampling frame of HIV care providers in three states. At selected providers, medical records of a random sample of patients were abstracted. Results. The medical records of a number of patients, ranging from 253 to 374 individuals per state, were abstracted. The demographics of sampled individuals and of individuals reported to the local HIV/AIDS surveillance program were similar; however, differences existed in the proportion of individuals receiving HIV care consistent with treatment guidelines between the sample and a contemporary facility-based supplemental surveillance project. The median design effect for outcomes collected in the sample was 1.8 (range=0.5–29.6). Conclusions. This survey method is feasible for collecting population-based data on patients in care for HIV. Sample size and some design elements should be changed in future studies to increase precision of estimates and usefulness of data for local planning and evaluation.