bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of injected nitrogen into a gas condensate reservoir
Authors: Belhaj Hadi 
Published: April 2016

<p>This study investigates the means of deferring the breakthrough of injected N2 and alleviating the impact of such on production rates and specifications as well as minimizing the required changes to the gas processing facilities. This aimed at assisting the ongoing efforts to transfer the Cantarell experience to Abu Dhabi, where large amounts of N2 gas will be generated and injected into a large gas condensate reservoir to partially substitute the recycling of lean gas. This will bring forward the opportunity to exploit lean gas by securing base load supplies before the start of reservoir blowdown, compared to the peak shaving approach currently practiced. Managing N2 breakthrough starts by better understanding the pattern at which N2 injection spreads into the gas accumulation. Based on the findings of initial subsurface and plant simulations carried out in 2008, N2 breakthrough in Abu Dhabi might be possibly deferred by segmenting the reservoir into a rich N2 region and lean N2 region. The approach assumes no thief zones will be faced and no channeling of N2 injected between the two regions is taking place. N2 is injected in the north region of the reservoir. The production of that region will be segregated and fed to a gas processing plant of lower NGL (natural gas liquid) recovery, which essentially takes longer time to start suffering the deterioration of residue gas (gas mixture resulted after separating NGL) quality. The residue gas use can be limited to re-injection where the effect of below specification LHV (Low Heat Value) would not be an issue. The rest of the reservoir feeds another gas processing plant of higher NGL recovery level from which an amount of residue gas equivalent to that of the injected N2 will be rerouted to the sales network. This scenario will significantly delay as well as downsize the requirement of a N2 rejection plant. There is technical and certainly economical advantage of deferring the installation of costly N2 rejection units. Such a requirement can be entirely eliminated if the sales gas specification can be relaxed considering blending with other gas streams of higher LHV, and in collaboration with gas customers, i.e. assessing their capability to tolerate feedstock of lower specifications. It must be noted that such school of thinking may not necessarily be eventually embraced. The chosen scenario will also depend on the final configuration, i.e., wells grouping and gas gathering, of the ongoing project.</p>
Effects of water inlet configuration in a service reservoir applying CFD modelling
Authors: Montoya Pachongo Carolina , Laín Beatove Santiago , Torres Lozada Patricia , Cruz-Vélez Camilo Hernán , Escobar Rivera Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2016

<p>This study investigated the state of a service reservoir of a drinking water distribution network. Numerical simulation was applied to establish its flow pattern, mixing conditions, and free residual chlorine decay. The influence of the change in the water inlet configuration on these characteristics was evaluated. Four scenarios were established with different water level and flow rate as the differences between the first three scenarios. The fourth scenario was evaluated to assess the influence of the inlet configuration, momentum flow and water level on hydrodynamic conditions within the service reservoir. The distribution of four nozzles of 152.4mm diameter was identified as a viable measure to preserve the water quality in this type of hydraulic structures.</p>
Time-frequency analysis of DC bias vibration of transformer core on the basis of Hilbert–Huang transform
Authors: Liu Xingmou , Yang Yongming , Yang Fan , Shi Qingyan 
Published: April 2016

<p>This paper presents a time–frequency analysis of the vibration of transformer under direct current (DC) bias through Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). First, the theory of DC bias for the transformer was analyzed. Next, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) process, which is the key in HHT, was introduced. The results of EMD, namely, intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), were calculated and summed by Hilbert transform(HT) to obtain time-dependent series in a 2D time–frequency domain. Lastly, a test system of vibration measurement for the transformer was set up. Three direction (x, y, and z axes) components of core vibration were measured. Decomposition of EMD and HHT spectra showed that vibration strength increased, and odd harmonics were produced with DC bias. Results indicated that HHT is a viable signal processing tool for transformer health monitoring.</p>
Improvements in the synthesis of zeolites with low Si/Al ratio from Venezuelan sodium silicate for an environmentally friendly process
Authors: García Adriana Lucía , López Carmen Milena , García Luis Vicente , Rincon de Goldwasser Mireya , Casanova Johliny Del Carmen 
Published: April 2016

<p>LTA and FAU zeolites were successfully synthesized from a Venezuelan sodium silicate solution, by hydrothermal crystallization under autogenous pressure at 100°C, with 2–24h crystallization times. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, BET specific surface area and SEM. A series of synthesis tests were performed to study the influence of the molar composition of the starting mixture over zeolites crystallization. The effect of crystallization time for a particular synthesis mixture composition was studied for both zeolites types. The reuse as alkaline medium of the mother liquor separated during filtration, and the effect of the aging before crystallization were additionally studied. The experimental result are in agreement with the crystallization mechanism proposed for zeolites synthesis in liquid phase. The use of a 2SiO2:Al2O3:6.Na2O:240H2O synthesis mixture composition allows obtaining LTA zeolite within 2h of crystallization. For FAU zeolite, no aging period was needed when starting with a 4SiO2:Al2O3:6.6Na2O:264H2O composition. It was possible to synthesize both zeolites with high purity and crystallinity and with adequate water adsorption properties.</p>
O PROGRAMA DE TRATAMENTO FORA DE DOMICÍLIO NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE NO PIAUÍ
Authors: Azevêdo Sandro Roberto 
Published: April 2016

O Tratamento Fora de Domicílio (TFD) é o instrumento legal que visa tornar possível o tratamento, pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), aos cidadãos portadores de enfermidades não tratáveis em seu município de origem, mediante o custeio de passagens e diárias. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar o processo de implementação do TFD no Piauí e como objetivos específicos: Trazer ao conhecimento a legislação aplicável ao TFD nas esferas federal e estadual bem como promover uma análise acerca da produção de TFD no Piauí. Para tanto se fez a análise da produção de TFD nos anos de 2009 a 2013 em termos de quantidade de procedimentos e dos valores orçamentários e financeiros envolvidos. A abordagem metodológica utilizada tem caráter quanti-qualitativo. A pesquisa apontou para a importância do TFD na busca da universalização do acesso aos serviços de saúde e no processo de regulação. Constatou-se que o TFD foi implementado no Piauí no modelo previsto pela Política Nacional de Regulação. Percebeu-se que no Piauí a maior parte dos pacientes foi tratada no próprio Estado. Os dados da execução orçamentária e financeira revelaram que, no período pesquisado, a fixação dos recursos orçamentários para o TFD ficou aquém dos valores médios da produção aprovada e que a execução financeira representou pouco mais da metade dos recursos orçamentários fixados. Neste sentido, os dados apontaram para um desempenho considerado ineficiente.
Relationships at School: External Evaluation Angle
Authors: Martišauskienė Elvyda , Vaičekauskienė Snieguolė 
Published: April 2016

A humane relationships at school develop favourable micro-climate for learning, promote good student behaviour, learning motivation and provides the right conditions for becoming a mature personality. For this research external evaluation data from schools of general education collected by the National Agency for School Evaluation in 2012 was used. This paper analyses students’, parents’ and external evaluators’ approaches and discusses the relationships in the modern school – situation and expression; highlights the most important trends in the relationships, relevant to all members of the school community; raises actual educational problems.
Sociologists and educationists recognize that the nature of the relationships depends on a person’s self-determination, which is based on their perceived motives, beliefs, values and attitudes. Study data also shows that good relationships are influenced by the teacher’s personality and competencies: strictness, properly organized educational process with emotional basis and respect for the student; the school context: social, economic, cultural, educational school environment and prevailing micro-climate. The study also highlights the fact that students and their parents differently rate relationships at school: prevailing relationships at school usually satisfies parents and are evaluated positively, however, students believe that the school can achieve better (especially at 5–8 grades lessons).
Schools focus on moral community relations, but still occur simulation, activities and behaviour that encourage alienation. External evaluation data shows that high student performance, achievements, knowledge is often considered to be the most important, however education of moral values, humane relationships – less significant thing. In schools of general education dominate business like and interpersonal relationships. Transcendental school community relations (the ability to go deep into yourself and others, rely on the phenomenon of conscience, overstep yourself) are aspirational so far.
Ethnicity and Health in Colombia: What Do Self-perceived Health Indicators Tell Us?
Authors: Agudelo-Suarez Andres A. , Martinez-Herrera Eliana , Posado-Lopez Adriana , Rocha-Buelvas Anderson 
Published: April 2016

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To compare self-perceived health indicators between ethnic groups in Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Cross-sectional study with data from the 2007 National Public Health Survey (ENSP-2007). Data from 57,617 people ≥18 years were used. Variables included: belonging to an ethnic group (exposure);<br />self-rated health; mental health problems, injuries for accidents/violence (outcomes); sex, age, education level and occupation (explicative/control). A descriptive study was carried out of the explicative variables, and the prevalence of the outcomes was calculated according to ethnicity, education level and occupation. The association between the exposure variable and the outcomes was estimated by means of adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI using logistic regression. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of outcomes was higher in people reporting to belong to an ethnic group and differences were found by sex, ethnic groups and health outcomes. Women from the Palenquero group were<br />more likely to report poor self-rated health (aOR 7.04; 95%CI 2.50-19.88) and injuries from accidents/violence (aOR 7.99; 95%CI 2.89-22.07). Indigenous men were more likely to report mental health problems (aOR 1.75; 95%CI 1.41-2.17). Gradients according to ethnicity, education, occupation and sex were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Minority ethnic groups are vulnerable to reporting poor health<br />outcomes. Political actions are required to diminish health inequalities in these groups. <em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2016;26(2):147-156; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.147</p>
Reading Lolita: A Dialogic Encounter with Self and Others
Authors: Parr Michelann , Campbell Terry 
Published: April 2016

This paper represents a conversation between two individuals, a blending the tales of two literacy researchers: one who is interested in problems of subjectivity found in reading and in moral learning; one a researcher who is oriented toward understanding self and subjectivity with regard to the role of the researcher and underlying beliefs and assumptions about research. Bernstein (1983) tells us that “only in a dialogic encounter with what is not understood, with what is alien, with what makes a claim upon us, can we open ourselves to risking and testing our preconceptions and prejudices” (p. 195). The paper is a dialogic encounter between two individuals open to understanding, testing, and resolving the ultimate act of war within ourselves.
The Constancy of the School "Canon": A Survey of Texts Used in Grade 10 English Language Arts in 2006 and 1996
Authors: Mackey Margaret , Vermeer Leslie , Storie Dale , DeBlois Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

This article reports on a 2006 survey of texts used in Grade 10 English language arts classes in Edmonton, Alberta. The survey uses the same instrument as a previous 1996 survey and provides comparative data from a section of the same pool as participated in 1996. In terms of the most popular titles, there has been very little change during that decade. To Kill a Mockingbird and Romeo and Juliet continue to be the most widely taught texts by a considerable margin. Texts taught in only one class show more variability. Reasons for the striking constancy of the title list are considered.
Exquisite Attention: From Compliance to Production
Authors: De Castell Suzanne 
Published: April 2016

Attention has been a focus of much of the work I’ve done over the last several years, and in particular the ‘attentional economies’ (Lankshear and Knobel, 2002; de Castell and Jenson, 2005) involving teachers and learners in both classroom-based and non-formal educational environments. What has become very clear is the need to distinguish between attentional behaviours, and other, more complex, more demanding and more generally ‘educative’ kinds of attention. I’m drawn to the idea of ‘exquisite attention’, (Lather 2007:16) and particularly interested in the pleasures of attention, as well of course as its productivity. Maybe its exquisiteness, a pleasure of attention, can be related to its productivity. We have long known that attention can be productive indeed, all by itself, seemingly. Consider the Hawthorne Effect, notorious among researchers---as soon as I begin to pay attention to you, you get better at what you are doing. Having other people pay close and careful attention to what you are doing often helps you do it better. But I want to argue that exquisite attention can never come from other people, but only from ourselves. And I want to set out some ways to see an ethics, an epistemology and a pedagogy in this small claim. Probably many of us gain considerable enjoyment from having other people pay attention to our work, but I’m going to argue that this is a mistake, and a misleading one, in several important ways.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DAN RUMPUT LAUT DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, SERTA KOMPOSISI KARKAS DAN NON KARKAS KELINCI
Authors: Udkhiyati Mustafidah 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of utilization of palm oil and seaweed in diet on </em><span><em>abbit growth and carcass-non carcass composition. Twenty eight male Flemish Giant rabbits (the </em><span><em>average age were 5 months) with average initial weight 1560±212 g were used in this research. All </em><span><em>rabbits were randomly classified in four treatment in rations, they were R1 (control treatment = 0% palm </em><span><em>oil+0% seaweed), R2 (5% palm oil+0% seaweed), R3 (0% palm oil+5% seaweed), R4 (2.5% palm </em><span><em>oil+2.5% seaweed). Each treatment consists of seven replications. Individual cages (size 40x30x30 cm</em><span><em>3</em><span><em>) </em><span><em>were used. The animals were reared during 40 days. All collected data were analyzed by One Way </em><span><em>nova. The results showed that feed intake (gBK/rabbit/day) of all treatment groups were not significantly </em><span><em>different. Meanwhile, the feed intake (gBK/BW) of R4 significantly lower (P&lt;0.05) than others, they were </em><span><em>R1 = 55.80±5.36 g, R2 = 55.20±8.04 g, R3 = 50.17±4.26 g, R4 = 46.25±2.21 g. Average daily gain of all </em><span><em>treatment groups were not significantly different. Feed conversion ratio of all treatment groups were also </em><span><em>not significantly different, they were R1 = 9.20±3.35, R2 = 6.40±1.67, R3 = 7.17±2.23 and R4 = 8.75±4.03. </em><span><em>It is concluded that the utilization of palm oil and seaweed did not affect the feed consumption, average </em><span><em>daily gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass-non carcass composition.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Key word: Average daily gain, Carcass, Feed conversion ratio, Feed intake, Palm oil, Seaweed)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></p>
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MANURE AYAM PETELUR TERFERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN YANG DITAMBAH ORGANIC DEODORANT TERHADAP PERFORMA ITIK JANTAN UMUR 7-12 MINGGU
Authors: (Djuriono) Djuriono 
Published: April 2016

<p><span><em>The research was conducted to analyze the effect of organic deodorant supplemented fermented </em><span><em>laying hens manure feeding on the performance of 7-12 weeks male ducks. One hundred 7 weeks old </em><span><em>male ducks were used to study the effetct MODF supplementation on performance of male ducks. The d</em><span><em>ucks were divided into five groups with four replications consisting of five birds each. The treatment were </em><span><em>PO = commercial feed without MODF supplementation (control), P15= commercial feed + 15% MODF, </em><span><em>P30= commercial feed + 30% MODF, P45= commercial feed + 45% MODF, P60= commercial feed + 60% </em><span><em>MODF. Data were analyzed with One-Way Classification of Completely Randomized Design and followed </em><span><em>by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for significant results. Results showed that </em><span><em>supplementation of fermented MOD gave negative effect (P&lt;0.05) on male ducks performance. The </em><span><em>highest consumption was in P0 (5203.50 g), followed by P45% (5130.00 g), P30% (5002.75 g), P15% </em><span><em>(4967.75 g), P0% (4856.75 g). The highest weight gain showed in P0 (649.80 g), followed by P15 (622.10 </em><span><em>g), P30 (579.45 g), P45 (497.50 g), P60 (409.60 g). The higest feed convertion was in P60 (12.71), </em><span><em>followed by P45 (10.31), P30 (8.64), P15 (7.99), P0 (7.48). It could be concluded that it is useless to </em><span><em>supplement commercial diet of with MODF even though supplementation of 30% income over feed cost </em><span><em>(IOFC) showed better IOFC of 7-12 weeks male ducks.</em><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em>(Key words: Fermentated organic deodorant, Laying hens manure, Males ducks, Performance)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>
Link Between Clinical Predictors of Heterotopic Ossification and Histological Analysis in Combat-Injured Service Members
Authors: Isaacson B.M. , Potter B.K. , Bloebaum R.D. , Epperson R.T. , Kawaguchi B.S. , Swanson T.M. , Pasquina P.F. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition that occurs following traumatic injury and may restrict range of motion and delay rehabilitation. The timing and efficacy of surgical resection have varied widely, and there is a gap in knowledge between clinical predictors of HO recurrence and histological analysis.

Methods:
Thirty-three service members seen at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center for symptomatic HO were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved study. Participants took oxytetracycline on four scheduled days prior to HO resection to determine the mineral apposition rate (bone growth rate).

Results:
Detailed histological analyses included scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron imaging and light microscopy. Data indicated that the mineral apposition rate of trauma-induced HO was approximately 1.7 μm/day at the time of operative intervention, which was 1.7 times higher than the rate in non-pathological human bone. The mineral apposition rate and postoperative alkaline phosphatase values were demonstrated to be positively and significantly related (ρ = 0.509, p = 0.026, n = 19). When the analysis was limited to patients with no more than a two-year period from injury to excision (thereby removing outliers who had a longer time period than their counterparts) and traumatic brain injury and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (known correlates with HO development) were controlled for in the statistical analysis, the mineral apposition rate and recurrence severity were significantly related (ρ = −0.572, p = 0.041, n = 11).

Conclusions:
Data demonstrated a link between benchtop research and bedside care, with the mineral apposition rate elevated in patients with HO and correlated with recurrence severity; however, a larger sample size and more clinical factors are needed to refine this model.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Guidelines for Breaker Selection in High Viscosity HEC Based Gel Plugs
Authors: Songire S. , Uppuluri R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Operators can face multiple challenges during various completion and workover operations, one of which is fluid loss into the formation. Ensuring minimal fluid loss is of the utmost importance, particularly in highly permeable zones as expensive completion fluids are pushed into the porosity of the formations, usually resulting in perm damage.
Available techniques for controlling fluid loss primarily include mechanical or chemical options. Mechanical techniques, although widely used successfully, have drawbacks, such as plug failure at high-pressure/high-temperature HP/HT conditions, requiring an additional trip. With industry needs for lower costs and better fluid-loss control (FLC) systems, many chemical systems have been developed to help overcome such problems associated with mechanical systems. These chemical systems include linear polymers, CaCO3 + polymer gel, sized salt + polymer gel, and oil soluble resins. Although effective, these are either expensive or can leave residue behind as a result of incomplete break, causing formation damage. Crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose (CLHEC) based gel plugs can provide effective FLC and are used post-perforating in addition to before and after gravel pack operations. They consist of highly viscous, solids-free crosslinked gel, prepared in medium and low density brines. CLHEC based gel plugs form a filter cake, which can be removed by internal and/or external breakers as a means for cleanup.
To obtain a desired break time, understanding the behavior of the breaker under bottomhole temperature (BHT) conditions is vital. This study focuses on investigating various internal and external breaker actions at temperatures ranging between 120 and 270°F. The laboratory data provided in this paper demonstrates the performance of various breakers, such as oxidizers, delayed-release acids, and self-degrading particulate systems in low and medium density brines. The information provided in this study offers a guideline for an appropriate breaker selection in hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) based gel plugs.