bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the incidental value of a marine reserve to a lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris nursery
Authors: Henderson Aaron. C. , Jourdan Adrian , Bell Kathryn 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

The lemon shark is a large coastal species that is currently classified as Near Threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
As juveniles of the species utilize shallow, near shore habitat, they are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic impacts.
The abundance, size characteristics, growth, condition factor and movement patterns of juvenile lemon sharks within the Bell Sound Nature Reserve were compared with those outside the Reserve.
Sharks were more abundant within the Reserve, which also accommodated a greater proportion of smaller size classes.
Although there was no difference in linear growth‐rate between sharks inside and outside the Reserve, those outside exhibited higher condition factor values.
It is suggested that these results are due mainly to habitat preference on the part of the sharks, with the predominantly shallower near shore waters of the Reserve offering a greater level of protection from predation.
Regardless of the causative factor, the area occupied by the Bell Sound Nature Reserve appears to be highly important to the local juvenile lemon shark population.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Determining the Clinical Utility of Serial Measurements of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Targeting Proteinase 3
Authors: Fussner Lynn A. , Hummel Amber M. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Silva Francisco , Cartin‐Ceba Rodrigo , Snyder Melissa R. , Hoffman Gary S. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , Langford Carol A. , Merkel Peter A. , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Spiera Robert F. , William St.Clair E. , Tchao Nadia K. , Stone John H. , Specks Ulrich ,   for the Rituximab in ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis–Immune Tolerance Network Research Group
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveRelapse following remission is common in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV), particularly with ANCAs directed at proteinase 3 (PR3). This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of an increase in PR3‐ANCA level with subsequent relapse.MethodsData from the Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis (RAVE) trial were used. Starting from the time of achieving complete remission, serial measurements by direct and capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were analyzed in 93 patients with PR3‐ANCA, using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAn increase in PR3‐ANCA level was identified in 58 of 93 subjects (62.4%) by direct ELISA and in 59 of 93 (63.4%) by capture ELISA. Relapses occurred in 55 of 93 subjects (59.1%), with 25 and 21 occurring within 1 year after an increase by direct ELISA and capture ELISA, respectively. An increase by direct ELISA was associated with subsequent severe relapses (hazard ratio [HR] 4.57; P < 0.001), particularly in patients presenting with renal involvement (HR 7.94; P < 0.001) and alveolar hemorrhage (HR 24.19; P < 0.001). Both assays identified increased risk for severe relapse in the rituximab group (HR 5.80; P = 0.002 for direct ELISA and HR 4.54; P = 0.007 for capture ELISA) but not the cyclophosphamide/azathioprine group (P = 0.103 and P = 0.197, respectively).ConclusionThe association of an increase in PR3‐ANCA level with the risk of subsequent relapse is partially affected by the PR3‐ANCA detection methodology, disease phenotype, and remission induction treatment. An increase in PR3‐ANCA level during complete remission conveys an increased risk of relapse, particularly severe relapse, among patients with renal involvement or alveolar hemorrhage and those treated with rituximab. Serial measurements of PR3‐ANCA may be informative in this subset of patients, but the risk of relapse must be weighed carefully against the risks associated with therapy.
Cubic Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Based Functional Materials: Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications
Authors: Ye Qun , Zhou Hui , Xu Jianwei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOrganically modified cubic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) have attracted increasing attention in the design of novel functional hybrid materials for applications such as porous materials, liquid crystals, semiconductors, high‐temperature lubricants, fuel cells, and lithium batteries. The nanosized POSS moiety can be conveniently modified on the periphery with a variety of functional groups to lead to hybrid materials with desired functions. In addition, suitable mono‐functionalized POSS derivatives can be incorporated into polymers as side chains via various synthetic strategies to offer a wide class of functional polymeric materials with tunable physical properties for targeted applications. In this Focus Review, we aim to summarize the recent developments on the chemistry and applications of POSS‐based molecules and polymers. Moreover, the properties as well as assembly behavior of the POSS‐based functional hybrid materials will be reviewed, and the relationship of the performance of the hybrid materials with the intrinsic nature of the POSS unit will be addressed.
Molecular Design and Syntheses of Tetracyano‐5,10‐porphyrinquinodimethane Showing Stabilized LUMO
Authors: Yamashita Ken‐ichi , Sakamoto Shino , Suzuki Akihiro , Sugiura Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn isomer of tetracyanoporphyrinquinodimethane (TCPQ), 5,10‐TCPQ, was designed, synthesized, and structurally characterized, and its basic properties were discussed with emphasis on comparison with those of reported 5,15‐TCPQ. The title compound was synthesized by a convenient cascade reaction involving a catalyst‐free aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction and the Uno–Takahashi reaction. The obtained π‐expanded redox molecule acted as a Wurster‐type redox molecule that underwent not only reduction but also oxidation processes. Furthermore, its absorption spectrum showed a large bathochromic shift that extended to the near‐IR region, approximately 1150 nm.
Parametrisierter Brückenentwurf
Authors: Hochmuth Markus 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Planungs‐ und Ausführungsprozess durchläuft mit der Digitalisierung des Bauens einen tiefgreifenden methodischen Wandel. Der Einsatz von BIM (Building Information Modeling) ermöglicht eine durchgängige Planung. Anhand von Projektbeispielen wird erläutert, wie vor allem in den Leistungsphasen der Vor‐, Entwurfs‐ und Ausführungsplanung intelligente parametrisierte Bauwerksmodelle im Brücken‐ und Ingenieurbau erstellt werden können. Die zusätzliche Verknüpfung mit Trassierungs‐ und GIS‐Daten ermöglicht in diesen Phasen eine flexible und belastbare Basis, aufgrund derer man eine ganzheitliche Evaluierung von Planungskonzepten bilden kann. Mit der Anwendung eines parametrisierten, objektorientierten Gesamtmodells kann eine ganzheitliche Prozesskette über den gesamten Planungs‐ und Realisierungszeitraum sowie über den kompletten Lebenszyklus umgesetzt werden. Das 3D‐Modell enthält neben den einzelnen Bauteilen projektspezifische Eigenschaften und Informationen. Mit der Kopplung des digitalen Modells an die Ressourcenplanung, die Kosten und die Termine sowie die Simulation des Bauablaufs entstehen komplexe 4D‐ und 5D‐Brückenmodelle.Parameterized bridge design – Conceptual, preliminary and detailed designWith the digitalization of construction the planning and implementation process is undergoing a fundamental methodological transformation. The employment of BIM (Building Information Modelling) permits end‐to‐end planning. By means of sample projects it is explained how ‐ above all in the service phases conceptual, preliminary and detailed design ‐ intelligent parameterized building models can be set up in bridge and civil engineering. The additional combination with alignment and GIS data in these phases furnishes a flexible and robust basis upon which to create a holistic evaluation of planning concepts. With the application of a parameterized, object‐oriented complete model it is possible to realize an integral process chain across the whole planning and implementation period as well as across the entire life cycle. The 3D model contains, apart from the individual structural components, project‐specific attributes and information. Coupling the digital model to resource, cost and time scheduling and simulating the construction sequence yield complex 4D and 5D bridge models.
Intraindividual comparison between open and endoscopic release in bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hu Kejia , Zhang Tiansong , Xu Wendong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated functional outcomes and safety after endoscopic and open bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome release in opposite hands of the same patients through a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trial data.Materials and MethodsRandomized controlled trials involving both methods in opposite hands of patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome were identified via a systematic review of PUBMED and EMBASE.ResultsRelative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from five randomized controlled trials involving 142 patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome were calculated using fixed‐ or random‐effect methods, with a length of follow‐up from 24 to 52 weeks after surgery. Compared with open release, endoscopic carpal tunnel release was associated with significantly better Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire functional status scores (mean difference [MD] = 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.02 – 0.25]; P = 0.02), but not symptom severity scores (RR = 0.06, 95% CI [−0.15 to 0.04]; P = 0.25). Endoscopic release required a longer operative time, but the procedures did not differ significantly in visual analog scale pain scores (MD = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.08 to 0.11]; P = 0.75), handgrip strength (MD = 0.17, 95% CI [−2.03 to 2.37]; P = 0.88), digital sensibility static two‐point discrimination (MD = 0.34, 95% CI [−0.03 to 0.70]; P = 0.07), or complication rates (MD = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.02 to 0.05], P = 0.47).ConclusionFrom intraindividual evidence, endoscopic release promoted better recovery of daily life functions than open release, but required a longer operative time. The procedures provided similar symptom relief and hand strength and sensibility recovery, and were safe for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Broadening the spectrum of controls for skin biopsy in painful neuropathies: spondylotic cervical myelopathy patients with painful feet
Authors: Kovalova Ivana , Vlckova Eva , Bednarik Josef 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeIntraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) is useful in the evaluation of small‐fiber neuropathy (SFN). Recent guidelines recommend extending the spectrum of controls for IENFD assessment by evaluation of patients whose clinical picture mimics that of SFN. The aim of this study was to broaden the spectrum of IENFD controls by the assessment of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and painful feet.MethodsEvaluation of IENFD from skin biopsy samples and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed in a cohort of 14 CSM patients (eight men, median age: 58; range: 46–63 years), with painful feet, exhibiting no clinical or electrophysiological signs of large‐fiber polyneuropathy, and no risk factors for peripheral neuropathies.ResultsQuantitative sensory testing abnormalities were found in all but two of the CSM patients (86%), while the IENFD values were within reference range. The mean IENFD value (6.87 ± 2.78 fibers/mm) did not differ from that of an age‐ and sex‐matched cohort of healthy volunteers (7.97 ± 2.21 fibers/mm, P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe study confirmed normal skin biopsy findings in patients with CSM as one of the clinical conditions mimicking SFN and provided further support for the use of IENFD assessment in case of suspicion of SFN.
Glycosylation status of serum immunoglobulin G in patients with prostate diseases
Authors: Kazuno Saiko , Furukawa Jun‐ichi, , Shinohara Yasuro , Murayama Kimie , Fujime Makoto , Ueno Takashi , Fujimura Tsutomu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOccurrences of high values in patients with benign prostate disease and low values in patients with highly suspicious cancer have diminished the trustworthiness of prostate‐specific antigen as an early diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. In the search for other complimentary markers, we focused on serum IgG from patients with prostate diseases as well as normal subjects. IgG purified from the sera of normal control subjects and patients with prostate diseases, was digested with peptide N‐glycanase. Released glycans were quantified using MALDI‐time of flight mass spectrometry. We report that N‐linked (N‐acetylhexosamine)2(deoxyhexose)(mannose)3(N‐acetylglucosamine)2 was significantly increased in the IgG heavy chains of patients with prostate cancer compared with that of either benign prostatic disease patients or healthy subjects, whereas (hexose)(N‐acetylhexosamine)2(deoxyhexose)(mannose)3 (N‐acetylglucosamine)2 was more abundant in the heavy chains of healthy subjects and benign prostatic disease patients. Thus, an absence of the terminal hexose of N‐linked glycans has been closely connected to the progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analyses have revealed that IgG from patients with prostate cancer has a decreased binding for Sambucus nigra lectin, compared with that from the benign prostatic disease patients or from normal subjects, suggesting lower levels of (N‐acetylneuraminic acid)(α2‐6)galactose/N‐acetylgalactosamine groups in the N‐linked glycans of patient IgG. Meanwhile, wheat germ agglutinin binding to IgG of the cancer group was significantly larger than that for the benign prostatic disease group but smaller than that for normal subjects. Our study indicates that the glycosylation changes in IgG can become useful diagnostic parameters for prostate cancer.
Essential‐Oil Constituents and Alkanes of Cephalaria ambrosioidesRoem. & Schult. (Family Caprifoliaceae, Subfamily Dipsacaceae) and (Chemo)taxonomic Discernment of the Subfamilies Dipsacaceae and Morinaceae
Authors: Vukićević Dušan R. , Stevanović Dragana D. , Genčić Marija S. , Blagojević Polina D. , Radulović Niko S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerein, the results of the first study of the volatile and alkane profiles of Cephalaria ambrosioides Roem. & Schult. (Caprifoliaceae, subfamily Dipsacaceae) were reported. The GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses of the essential oils hydrodistilled from leaves and stems (CA1) and flowers (CA2) of C. ambrosioides allowed the identification of 284 different components. The main compounds of the studied oil samples were palmitic acid (24.3 and 32.5% for CA1 and CA2, resp.), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (1.4 and 10.8% for CA1 and CA2, resp.), (Z)‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol (7.0 and <0.1% for CA1 and CA2, resp.), and linoleic acid (1.9 and 6.5% for CA1 and CA2, resp.). Essential‐oil compositional data of selected plant species belonging to the Dipsacaceae (15) and Morinaceae (2) subfamilies were used to resolve taxonomical ambiguities regarding the genus Cephalaria and its infrageneric relations, especially concerning the subfamily Morinaceae (formerly a genus within Dipsacaceae). The results of multivariate statistical analyses (25 different essential‐oil samples) supported the exclusion of Morina species from the Dipsacaceae subfamily. The relative abundances of alkanes from n‐, iso‐, and anteiso‐series followed a (distorted) Gaussian‐like distribution and suggested that the biosyntheses of n‐ and branched alkanes in C. ambrosioides are possibly not controlled by the same elongase. Also, the obtained results suggested that there was a difference in the biosynthesis/accumulation of alkanes in the vegetative and reproductive parts of C. ambrosioides.
Contribution to a Taxonomic Revision of the Sicilian Helichrysum Taxa by PCA Analysis of Their Essential‐Oil Compositions
Authors: Maggio Antonella , Bruno Maurizio , Guarino Riccardo , Senatore Felice , Ilardi Vincenzo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe chemical profile of the essential oils in ten populations of the genus Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae), collected in the loci classici of the nomenclatural types of the taxa endemic to Sicily, were analyzed. Our results confirm that the analysis of secondary metabolites can be used to fingerprint wild populations of Helichrysum, the chemical profiles being coherent with the systematic arrangement of the investigated populations in three main clusters, referring to the aggregates of H. stoechas, H. rupestre, and H. italicum, all belonging to the section Stoechadina. The correct nomenclatural designation of the investigated populations is discussed and the following two new combinations are proposed: Helichrysum preslianum subsp. compactum (Guss.) Maggio, Bruno, Guarino, Senatore & Ilardi and Helichrysum panormitanum subsp. latifolium Maggio, Bruno, Guarino, Senatore & Ilardi.
Comprehensive Study of Mediterranean (Croatian) Propolis Peculiarity: Headspace, Volatiles, Anti‐Varroa‐Treatment Residue, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Jerković Igor , Marijanović Zvonimir , Kuś Piotr M. , Tuberoso Carlo I. G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEight propolis samples from Croatia were analyzed in detail, to study the headspace, volatiles, anti‐Varroa‐treatment residue, phenolics, and antioxidant properties. The samples exhibited high qualitative/quantitative variability of the chemical profiles, total phenolic content (1,589.3–14,398.3 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/l EtOH extract), and antioxidant activity (11.1–133.5 mmol Fe2+/l extract and 6.2–65.3 mmol TEAC (Trolox® equivalent antioxidant capacity)/l extract). The main phenolics quantified by HPLC‐DAD at 280 and 360 nm were vanillin, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chrysin, galangin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester. The major compounds identified by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), and subsequent GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses were α‐eudesmol (up to 19.9%), β‐eudesmol (up to 12.6%), γ‐eudesmol (up to 10.5%), benzyl benzoate (up to 28.5%), and 4‐vinyl‐2‐methoxyphenol (up to 18.1%). Vanillin was determined as minor constituent by SDE/GC‐FID/MS and HPLC‐DAD. The identified acaricide residue thymol was ca. three times more abundant by HS‐SPME/GC‐FID/MS than by SDE/GC‐FID/MS and was not detected by HPLC‐DAD.
‘Does my Diet Affect my Perfume?’ Identification and Quantification of Cuticular Compounds in Five Drosophila melanogaster Strains Maintained over 300 Generations on Different Diets
Authors: Pavković‐Lučić Sofija , Todosijević Marina , Savić Tatjana , Vajs Vlatka , Trajković Jelena , Anđelković Boban , Lučić Luka , Krstić Gordana , Makarov Slobodan , Tomić Vladimir , Miličić Dragana , Vujisić Ljubodrag 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in Drosophila melanogaster represent the basis of chemical communication being involved in many important biological functions. The aim of this study was to characterize chemical composition and variation of cuticular profiles in five D. melanogaster strains. These strains were reared for approximately 300 generations on five diets: standard cornmeal medium and substrates prepared with apple, banana, tomato, and carrot. Differences in quantity and/or quality in CHCs were assumed as a result of activation of different metabolic pathways involved in food digestion and adaptations to the particular diet type.In total, independently of sex and strain, 66 chemical compounds were identified. In females of all strains, 60 compounds were identified, while, in males, 47 compounds were extracted. Certain new chemical compounds for D. melanogaster were found. MANOVA confirmed that CHC amounts significantly depend on sex and substrates, as well as on their interactions. Discriminant analysis revealed that flies belonging to ‘apple’ and ‘carrot’ strains exhibited the most noticeable differences in CHC repertoires. A non‐hydrocarbon pheromone, cis‐vaccenyl acetate (cVA) also contributed to the variation in the pheromone bouquet among the strains. Variability detected in CHCs and cVA may be used in the explanation of differences in mating behaviour previously determined in analyzed fly strains.
Novel Nucleolipids of Pyrimidine β‐D‐Ribonucleosides: Combinatorial Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Knies Christine , Hammerbacher Katharina , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Kinscherf Ralf , Rosemeyer Helmut 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFour series of nucleolipids with either uridine, 5‐methyluridine, 5‐fluorouridine, and 6‐azauridine as β‐D‐ribonucleoside component have been prepared in a combinatorial (not parallel!) manner (see Formulae). All compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, ESI mass spectrometry as well as by 1H‐, and 13C‐NMR, and UV spectroscopy. A selection of eight nucleolipids with different lipophilizing moieties, based on earlier findings, as well as of 5‐fluorouridine as control were first tested on their cytotoxic effect towards PMA‐differentiated human THP‐1 macrophages. Those compounds which did not exhibit a significant inhibitory effect on the survival of the macrophages were next tested on their cytostatic/cytotoxic effect towards the human astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma GOS‐3 cells as well as against the rat malignant neuroectodermal BT4Ca cell line. Additionally, induction of apoptosis of the cell lines was evaluated. It turned out that particularly a combined lipophilization of the nucleosides by an 2′,3′‐O‐ethyl levulinate residue plus a farnesyl moiety at N(3) of the pyrimidine moiety of the corresponding nucleolipids leads to an active compound with the highest probability.
Activated Alumina Balls under Neat Conditions: A Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Spiro‐Heterocyclic Scaffolds by Ring‐Opening versus Annulation of the Isatin Moiety
Authors: Mondal Animesh , Banerjee Biplab , Bhaumik Asim , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report a green, efficient and straightforward approach for the regioselective synthesis of new spiro‐heterocyclic scaffolds using environmentally benevolent activated alumina balls (3–5 mm diameter) as a catalyst under neat reaction conditions. The methodology is advantageous because of its short reaction time, moderate to excellent yields, easy work‐up, practical simplicity and high regioselectivity without any troublesome/hazardous disposal of the catalyst or toxic byproducts. The pore size of the catalyst plays a key role in the formation of the spiro derivatives. Specifically, we observed that the reaction yield was hardly affected by the surface area or pore volume, but surprisingly, the yield correlated directly with the pore size of the catalyst.
Simple Continuous High‐Pressure Hydrogen Production and Separation System from Formic Acid under Mild Temperatures
Authors: Iguchi Masayuki , Himeda Yuichiro , Manaka Yuichi , Matsuoka Koichi , Kawanami Hajime 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 05/2016 is provided by Prof. Dr. Hajime Kawanami and colleagues. The image shows the continuous high‐pressure gas evolution system over 120 MPa without any compressing procedure followed by a vapor–liquid H2 separation. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201501296.