bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparency of hope
Authors: Hartman Anna E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine marketing tactics used in the clinic websites of cross-border reproductive care (CBRC) providers and analyse what ethical implications exist when targeting the vulnerable consumer group of infertility sufferers.Design/methodology/approachThe sampling design was to collect clinic websites from regions known to be popular destinations for CBRC, and who were marketing directly to US-based consumers through their online websites. There were three stages of data collection: organic Google search that displayed Google AdWords of clinics who advertised; organic Google search results; and searching via the WhatClinic.com database for additional private clinics with websites. The websites were then audited for their marketing tactics according to the best practice guidelines from the American Medical Association, American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, ethics committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).FindingsThrough this analysis, it was confirmed that these clinics are attempting to establish their credibility and attract foreign consumers through their promised rates of success, years of experience and use of testimonials. In total, 32 of the 35 sites contained at least one factor considered misleading by ASRM guidelines, such as the publishing of inaccurate or non-transparent success rates, the use of sales promotions and guarantees often used in consumer products, or the use of misleading language. Out of the 24 sites that posted success rates, 17 of those rates would be considered deceptive by not clarifying the source of the numbers or by being so far from the global averages of 30 per cent.Research limitations/implicationsMarketing practitioners have a specific responsibility to recognise vulnerable market segments; therefore this initial study seeks to add to the understanding of consumer vulnerability through an intersectional view of global reproductive service consumption.Practical implicationsA global standard of marketing guidelines specific to CBRC clinics needs to be implemented across all regional/countries in order to communicate ethically, improve credibility, reputation and trust among consumer and international bodies. Counselling services need to be integrated within all assisted reproductive technology services. Service-country to home-country continued care protocols should be created for patients travelling home in order to collect data on CRBC experiences.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the CBRC literature in providing new insights into current clinic marketing trends and highlights ethical implications to industry stakeholders.
The dark side of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Skandrani Hamida , Sghaier Malek 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to uncover some ethically equivocal aspects of the pharmaceutical industry (PI). It identifies the determinants of the medical representatives’ (MRs) unethical behaviour as perceived by the MRs themselves and their direct customers.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative multi-actors approach, 40 in-depth interviews were conducted among MRs and physicians.FindingsThe study has revealed that providing misleading and incomplete information, giving incentives, making disparaging remarks about competitors and their products, falsifying daily call reports and the misusing of samples are the major unethical issues of MRs. The determinants of unethical behaviour can be classified into six groups: organizational, individual, job characteristics, stakeholders, situational, and cultural factors.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the complexity of the subject matter and the research approach, the findings may lack generalizability. Besides, as the healthcare sector involves other actors (pharmacists, patients, and government), it will be more insightful to take into account their influence on the ethical/unethical behaviour of MRs.Practical implicationsIdentifying questionable ethical behaviours and their determinants could be very helpful for firms to undertake the necessary actions (i.e. training programmes) to prevent their negative impact, and to develop ethical awareness among their MRs. This may enhance their public image and build long-term relationships with their customers.Originality/valueThis study is among few studies that has taken into account the views of more than a single actor in the PI (MRs and physicians).
Content and compliance of pharmaceutical social media marketing
Authors: Huhmann Bruce A. , Limbu Yam B. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore ethical issues related to pharmaceutical marketers’ social media efforts including the prevalence and forms of direct-to-consumer web 2.0 advertising (eDTCA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) messages across social networking sites (SNSs). One goal is to determine if these eDTCA posts comply with draft guidelines issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Design/methodology/approach
Content analysis of ten pharmaceutical marketers’ SNS posts documented the frequency and types of posts devoted to eDTCA, drug risks and benefits, CSR, and other purposes.

Findings
eDTCA represents about 35 percent of all pharmaceutical firm SNS posts and primarily communicates help-seeking messages via Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Firms also promote their ethical image through CSR-related posts. These posts primarily highlight employee-focussed and community-focussed initiatives. Analysis of consumer behavior in response to each post shows that eDTCA affects only liking of YouTube videos, but CSR increases behavior responses on all SNSs except LinkedIn.

Social implications
Despite absence of final guidance, pharmaceutical marketers seem to abide by FDA draft social media guidance. In line with the FDA’s draft fair-balance regulations, almost all product-claim eDTCA posts state both benefit and risk information. Nevertheless, the FDA should issue final eDTCA guidance without delay consistent with traditional media direct-to-consumer advertising guidance. This should benefit consumers through consistency with their existing advertising literacy competencies.

Originality/value
The study represents an initial attempt to document ethical issues in the current state-of-the-practice of pharmaceutical social media marketing related to eDTCA and CSR.
Went in for Botox and left with a rhinoplasty
Authors: Vlahos Aphrodite , Bove Liliana L. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how customer relationship marketing (CRM) activities are utilized by plastic surgery providers to encourage the sale of non-surgical cosmetic procedures (such as Botox). These procedures are considered to be an important gateway for future, more invasive (and profitable) services. As a result, the techniques used to build relationships with clients may be unethical, as they prioritize increased financial performance and profitability over customer well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
Conceptual models are presented that compare and contrast the CRM activities, mediators and expected outcomes for plastic surgery providers, motivated primarily by profit, with those primarily motivated by mutual betterment.

Findings
It is suggested that when accompanied by sales promotions, problem augmentation – an approach used by plastic surgeons to broaden the scope of a patient’s aesthetic problem to other areas of concern – may generate increased sales in the short term, but reduce the opportunity of positive word-of-mouth to recruit new clients.

Originality/value
This paper applies relationship marketing to a novel context to demonstrate how practices to retain and improve clients may harm their well-being and commoditize the service, unless mutual betterment is a key objective.
Hydroponics: potential for augmenting sustainable food production in non-arable regions
Authors: Treftz Chenin , Omaye Stanley T. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this review of the literature is to provide readers a foundation of understanding whereby future research can move forward in the quest for global sustainable food production.

Design/methodology/approach
This review includes up-to-date information from evidence-based sources on hydroponics. Topics included are advantages, limitations, nutritional quality and sensory quality

Findings
Hydroponic growing systems offer the opportunity to at least augment traditional soil-based growing systems in global food production. Some benefits of hydroponic growing systems are limitation of water waste (recirculation), crops grown in controlled environments (control of pests, nutrients and attributes required for optimal plant growth) and ability to manipulate conditions to maximize production in limited space (vertical gardens).

Practical implications
The human population is increasing with a parallel increase in the demand for food; therefore, food production must increase to meet the need.

Originality/value
In spite of the rapid interest and proliferation of information by laypeople, evidence-based research is scant on hydroponics. This article provides a summary of the literature on hydroponics and how it may be used for sustainable food production in arid and urban areas.
Comparative analysis of physico-chemical properties and amino acids profile of three tropical maize hybrid cultivars in Nigeria
Authors: Oladeji Babatunde Stephen , Irinkoyenikan Oluwatoyin Ajoke , Gbadamosi Olasunkanmi Saka , Ibironke Samson Ishola , Akanbi Charles Taiwo , Taiwo Kehinde Adekunbi 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the physico-chemical properties and amino acid profile of three maize hybrid cultivars grown in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
Two normal maize endosperm varieties, yellow SUWAN-ISR (YNM) and white ART/98/SW05-OB-WC (WNM), and one yellow QPM variety, TZE-POP-DT-STR-QPM (YQPM), were selected for the study. Physico-chemical properties, physical tests, proximate composition analysis, functional properties and characteristics and amino acid profile tests were carried out on the grains using standard methods.

Findings
Protein was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in YQPM (10.49 per cent) than in normal endosperm, YNM (8.83 per cent) and WNM (8.50 per cent). Amino acid profile of the grains revealed that total amino acid of YQPM (94.67 g/100 g of protein) and essential amino acid of YQPM (39.070) were the highest among the three, with highest significantly different value of tryptophan (0.388 g/100 g of protein) at p < 0.05. The cooking quality of YQPM was found to be better than the other two, with highest hydration capacity and increase in volume after cooking (90.8 ± 0.01 g/1000 grains and 147.53 ± 0.02 per cent).

Originality/value
YQPM will be highly beneficial in the tropics, where maize is grown as the major staple food to reduce hunger and malnutrition because of its amino acid balance and its better cooking quality.
Implementing wound dressing protocol to reduce post cesarean section surgical site infections in Mibilizi District Hospital, Rwanda
Authors: Bahufite Augustin , Ndagijimana Albert , Adomako Eva , Zerihun Abraham , Simba Calliope Akintije , Ntakirutimana Charlotte , Nyirantakiyende Laurentine , Mukandayisenga Marie Josée , Wong Rex 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgeries in the world. Although the procedure saves lives, it poses important risks such as post-caesarean surgical site infection (PCS-SSI). Basic patient care procedures can prevent PCS-SSI, however, they are not always followed. The purpose of this study is to describe how strategic problem solving (SPS) was used to implement a wound dressing protocol in a district hospital in Rwanda to reduce PCS-SSI rates.

Design/methodology/approach
To address variations in wound care practice, a new clinical protocol was developed and implemented by a quality improvement team which included clinicians. Training and supervision was also provided to the maternity team.

Findings
The intervention reduced PCS-SSI from 5.1 to 1.8 per cent. It also significantly improved the compliance to recommended wound dressing practices.

Practical implications
By applying SPS and effective leadership skills, the authors secured buy-in and support from stakeholders and introduced a wound management protocol in a district hospital of Rwanda. The intervention significantly improved wound management practice; however, long term follow-up will be necessary to sustain the improvements.

Originality/value
The results will inform hospitals in resource-limited settings of how to improve basic standards of care using SPS and leadership without additional cost to the hospital.
How industry competition ruined windsurfing
Authors: Thomas Stuart , Potts Jason 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate a competitive evolutionary process we call “innovation overshooting” that has been observed in equipment-based sports, using windsurfing as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach
The case-study approach is based upon primary data gathered through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with pioneers of the case-study sport and through analysis of international and domestic industry publications and grey literature.

Findings
New sports, in particular equipment-based “lifestyle” sports, can experience a rapid rise in popularity but eventually technology-driven competition leads to equipment overshooting the capabilities and financial budgets of most users. This Schumpeterian market process leads to a rapid decline in participation and the eventual collapse of the market for the sport’s equipment.

Originality/value
Models of endogenous overshooting are established in the study of finance and business cycles, and have recently been extended to the music and design industry. The authors extend this to the sports equipment sector finding clear evidence of evolutionary competitive technological and market overshooting.
Specialist inpatient services for people with learning disabilities across the four countries of the UK
Authors: Hatton Chris 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare data from national censuses on specialist inpatient service use by people with learning disabilities across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach
National statistics (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland) reporting inpatient service censuses including people with learning disabilities were accessed, with data extracted on trends over time, rate of service use, young people and length of stay.

Findings
The number and rate of people with learning disabilities in specialist inpatient services varied across the UK: 230 people in Scotland (rate 4.88 per 100,000 population); 3,250 people in England (5.48); 183 people in Wales (5.90); 144 people in Northern Ireland (7.82). The number of people in inpatient services in Northern Ireland halved over four years, in other areas reductions were modest. Between 5 and 8 per cent of people in inpatient services were children/young people. Median length of stay in the person’s current inpatient service varied: 19 months in England; 33 months in Scotland; three to five years in Northern Ireland.

Social implications
Different parts of the UK vary in the scale of their specialist inpatient services for people with learning disabilities. With the exception of Northern Ireland, which may still be in the last stages of completing a “regular” deinstitutionalisation programme, strong policy prescriptions for substantial reductions in specialist inpatient services are currently only resulting in modest reductions.

Originality/value
This paper is a first attempt to compare national inpatient service statistics across the UK. With increasing divergence of health and social service systems, further comparative analyses of services for people with learning disabilities are needed.
Conceptualising bereavement in profound and multiple learning disabilities
Authors: Young Hannah 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Bereavement and loss are key factors in poor emotional wellbeing among people with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD). However, little attention has been drawn to this group in the grief and disability literature. The purpose of this paper is to make sense of bereavement and loss in people with PMLD, with reference to theoretical contributions to the field and studies of grief reactions.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review revealed 34 relevant published works. These were analysed for relevant contributions.

Findings
Three main types of theoretical contributions have been made; traditional grief theories, cognitive approaches and attachment-based perspectives. Although a limited number of case studies exist, a range of grief reactions have been reported in people with PMLD. Traditional grief theories and cognitive approaches are somewhat limited in making sense of grief responses in this group, while attachment-based perspectives may prove useful in providing theoretical and therapeutic direction.

Research limitations/implications
Further research is required to more accurately describe the nature of relationships in people with PMLD.

Practical implications
Major contributions to the field point to the value of facilitating engagement with the grieving process, through communication around the loss and training for staff. In addition, attachment-based perspectives are offering routes for establishing therapeutic relationships that may help to resolve behavioural difficulties.

Originality/value
This paper provides an overview of the perspectives within bereavement and disability, drawing together clear theoretical frameworks for future research and practice.
The impact of a readiness program for implementing and sustaining continuous improvement processes
Authors: Jaca Carmen , Paipa-Galeano Luis , Viles Elisabeth , Mateo Ricardo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a readiness programme designed to increase employees’ awareness of order and cleanliness as a way of building the necessary foundation for implementing and sustaining continuous improvement processes. In this paper, the authors propose a new readiness programme based on the principles of 5S, with the aim of strengthening employees’ motivation and involvement prior to 5S being implemented.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on case study methodology, followed by a programme of four structured activities. The validity of the programme is shown through the implementation of the activities in two different organizations.

Findings
The readiness programme was applied before 5S was successfully implemented. The degree of awareness and motivation of the programme participants improved as a result of these activities. Moreover, the activities increased people’s motivation to participate in improvement activities.

Originality/value
Applying a readiness programme before implementing 5S can help organizations to achieve and sustain improvement activities, thus increasing worker commitment and motivation.
Effects of Extraction and Purification Methods on Degradation Kinetics and Stability of Lycopene from Watermelon under Storage Conditions
Authors: Saeid Abu , Eun Jong Bang , Sagor Md. Shafiul Azam , Rahman Atikur , Akter Mst. Sorifa , Ahmed Maruf 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLycopene was extraction, isolation and purification using recrystallization, column chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods as well as degradation kinetics of lycopene were studied at refrigerated temperature and room temperature for 3 wk from watermelon. Higher lycopene degradation was observed at refrigerated temperature as compared to ambient temperature throughout the storage periods. The highest amount of lycopene retained in recrystallization (101.69 μg/g) followed by column chromatography (18.20 μg/g) and preparative TLC (15.57 μg/g). Color parameters, half‐life time (t1/2), and color retention (%R) were dependent on extraction, isolation, and purification methods and storage life. Recrystallization and preparative TLC were followed by first order reaction model. Preparative TLC exhibited higher activation energy than did the recrystallization and column chromatography. Therefore, the result shows that recrystallization method could apply to extract and purify lycopene from watermelon that would also be used as a natural colorant as well as value‐added product.
Spatio‐temporal association of Therioaphis maculata and Hippodamia variegata in alfalfa fields
Authors: Shayestehmehr Hakimeh , Karimzadeh Roghaiyeh , Hejazi Mir J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A 2‐year study was conducted aiming to characterize the spatio‐temporal association of spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata Buckten (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in alfalfa fields.
The present study was conducted in 0.5‐, 3.1‐ and 7.3‐ha alfalfa fields and at two spatial scales. The 0.5‐ha field was divided into 10 × 10 m grid; and the 3.1‐ and 7.3‐ha fields were divided into 30 × 30 m grids. Weekly samplings began when plant height reached approximately 15 cm and were continued until hay cutting. Forty and ten stems were chosen randomly in 30 × 30 m and 10 × 10 m grids, respectively. The stems were shaken into a white pan three times and the aphids and coccinellids fallen in the pan were counted.
The data were analyzed using spatial analysis by distance indices. Both T. maculata and H. variegata showed aggregative spatial pattern. The results also revealed that there was a positive spatial association between spotted alfalfa aphids and lady beetles.
Spatio‐temporal synchrony between predator and prey distribution is important with respect to implementing biological control. Therefore, the findings of the present study can be used in the conservation of natural enemies, site‐specific spraying against spotted alfalfa aphid and the effective management of this pest.
Review of knee arthroscopic practice and coding at a major metropolitan centre
Authors: Lisik James P. , Dowsey Michelle M. , Petterwood Joshua , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundArthroscopic knee surgery has been a topic of significant controversy in recent orthopaedic literature. Multiple studies have used administrative (Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and Centre for Health Record Linkage) data to identify trends in practice. This study explored the usage and reporting of arthroscopic knee surgery by conducting a detailed audit at a major Victorian public hospital.MethodsA database of orthopaedic procedures at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne was used to retrospectively identify cases of knee arthroscopy from 1 December 2011 to 1 April 2014. Procedures were categorized as diagnostic or interventional, and native and prosthetic joints were analysed separately. Procedure codes were reviewed by comparing a registrar, auditor and hospital coders for agreement.ResultsOf the 401 cases for analysis, 375 were conducted in native knees and 26 in prosthetic joints. Of native knees, 369 (98.4%) were considered interventional. The majority of these were conducted for meniscal pathology (n = 263, 70.1%), osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 25, 6.7%) and infection (n = 28, 7.6%). Comparison of codes assigned by different parties were found to be between 57% (k = 0.324) and 70% (k = 0.572) agreement, but not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn this study, the most common indication for arthroscopy was meniscal pathology. Arthroscopy was rarely performed for OA in the absence of meniscal pathology. Diagnostic arthroscopy was rarely performed in the native knee, and fair to moderate agreement existed between parties in assigning Medicare Benefits Schedule procedure codes.