bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the mechanical characterization of porcine brain tissue in complex environments
Authors: Weiqi Li  , Peiming Zhang  
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Brain tissue immersed in cerebrospinal fluid often exhibits complex deformation and rate-dependent responses. Despite extensive research into its material properties, the impact of solution environments on the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue remains limited. This knowledge gap affects the biofidelity of head modelling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of solution environments on brain tissue under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions.
Methods
Porcine brain tissue was characterized in compression through quasi-static nonlinear testing and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis under various environments: air, physiological saline, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Frequencies from 0.1 to 40 Hz were applied to determine dynamic behaviour, while brain samples were compressed up to a 0.3 strain level to obtain nonlinear response. The effects of strain, frequency, and solution environment on the mechanical response of brain tissue were statistically evaluated.
Results
As environmental conditions transitioned from air to artificial cerebrospinal fluid, the average stress of brain tissue increased by approximately 1.3, 1.3, and 1.4 times at strain levels of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. A statistically significant increase in dynamic storage and loss moduli was observed between air and artificial cerebrospinal fluid environments. At frequencies above 18 Hz, the tan delta in air was significantly lower.
Conclusions
The mechanical characterization of brain tissue exhibited a dependency on solution environment under both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Brain tissue showed higher stress levels and dynamic modulus in solution environments compared to an air environment. The results of this study are valuable for improving head simulations and brain material models.
The Impact of Running Experience and Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Lower Extremity Biomechanics
Authors: Shunxiang Gao  , Yang Song  , Dong Sun  , Zhiyi Zheng  , Hairong Chen  , Qiaolin Zhang  , Yining Xu  , Yaodong Gu  
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The impacts of shoe stiffness on running biomechanics are well-documented, while the specific effects on the performance of biomechanically distinct groups such as novice runners and experienced runners are still largely unexplored. The study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of different shoe longitudinal bending stiffness (adjusted by inserting carbon plate) on the lower limb during running in novice runners and experienced runners.
Methods
Twelve experienced runners and ten novice runners ran at a speed of 4.47 m/s while randomly wearing shoes with either low stiffness (5.9 Nm/rad) or high stiffness (8.6 Nm/rad). An Opensim musculoskeletal model was adopted for estimating lower limb joint angles, joint angular velocities, joint moment, joint work, peak joint reaction forces during running stance phase.
Results
Results showed that novice runners displayed greater lower limb joint mobility and less joint moment, while experienced runners exhibited less joint mobility but greater joint moment, and higher peak joint reaction forces were observed at the knee and ankle joints. Furthermore, increased shoe longitudinal bending stiffness resulted in higher peak joint reaction forces at the metatarsophalangeal joint for novice runners while lower for experienced runners.
Conclusions
Novice runners may face an increased risk of metatarsal pain or stress fractures when dealing with higher shoe stiffness. This nuanced understanding of joint dynamics underscores the need for tailored training and footwear recommendations to mitigate injury risks specific to different levels of running experience.
Kinematic synergy of speed reduction during stair descent
Authors: Nakamura Jun , Igura Reo , Anan Masaya 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to quantify multi-segmental coordination using Uncontrolled Manifold (UCM) analysis to examine the effect of speed reduction on the control of stair descent.
Methods
Twenty healthy participants performed stair descent at a self-comfortable pace for normal speed conditions, and at a slow speed set to a metronome rhythm of 60 beats/min. UCM analysis was separately conducted for the COM and swing foot, with anteroposterior and vertical movements designated as task variables, and segment angles defined as elemental variables. ΔV, the normalized difference between the variance in segment angle that does not affect task performance (VUCM) and the variance that does affect task performance (VORT) was calculated separately for the COM and swing foot and compared between normal and slow speeds.
Results
The VORT for the COM and the swing foot in the anteroposterior direction were significantly lower at slow speeds than at normal speeds. The VORT of task-relevant segment angles affecting COM control in the vertical direction was significantly higher at slow speed compared to normal speed. Additionally, the ΔV in segment angle variance impacting swing foot control in the anteroposterior direction was significantly greater at slow speed than at normal speed.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that descending stairs at reduced speed promotes enhanced coordination of lower limb segments for controlling the swing foot in the anteroposterior direction, while concurrently increasing segmental variability that destabilizes the vertical COM.
Photospheric Pore Rotation Associated with a C-class Flare from Spectropolarimetric Observations with DKIST
Authors: Yadav Rahul , Kazachenko Maria D. , Afanasyev Andrey N. , Cauzzi Gianna , Reardon Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present high-resolution observations of a C4.1-class solar flare (SOL2023-05-03T20:53) in AR 13293 from the Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP) and Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) instruments at the DKIST. The fast cadence, good resolution, and high polarimetric sensitivity of ViSP data provide a unique opportunity to explore the photospheric magnetic fields before and during the flare. We infer the magnetic field vector in the photosphere from the Fe i 6302 Å line using Milne–Eddington inversions. Combined analysis of the inverted data and VBI images reveals the presence of two opposite polarity pores exhibiting rotational motion both prior to and throughout the flare event. Data-driven simulations further reveal a complex magnetic field topology above the rotating pores, including a null-point-like configuration. We observed a 30% relative change in the horizontal component (δ
F

h
) of Lorentz force at the flare peak time and roughly no change in the radial component. We find that the changes in δ
F

h
are the most likely driver of the observed pore rotation. These findings collectively suggest that the back reaction of magnetic field line reconfiguration in the corona may influence the magnetic morphology and rotation of pores in the photosphere on a significantly smaller scale.
Le rythme poétique comme système multi-niveaux : interactions de la prosodie et de la syntaxe dans du slam
Authors: Colau Aline 
Published: September 2024

Le rythme langagier s’élabore à la croisée de tous les niveaux discursifs. Il est un élément central de la poésie orale. Nous étudions les relations entre les niveaux oral et verbal dans la construction du rythme au sein du slam. Notre approche, à la croisée de la linguistique et de la littérature, permet de décrire les interactions entre la prosodie et la syntaxe dans un corpus de 20 slams. Il apparait qu’il y a une forte concordance entre ces deux niveaux, ce qui suggère que la densité est un trait possiblement définitoire du rythme dans le slam.
L’émergence et la diffusion du wakeboard en France – Racines américaines, évolutions techniques et rôle des téléskis nautiques
Authors: Durand Pierre , Suchet André , Loudcher Jean-François 
Published: September 2024

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’émergence puis à la diffusion d’une pratique nautique de glisse tractée voisine du ski nautique : le wakeboard. Ce texte analyse la manière dont cette pratique s’est développée notamment en Californie, puis comment cette innovation va bénéficier du développement des téléskis nautiques aménagés en marge des stations du tourisme de masse en Espagne, à Benidorm, et surtout sur le Languedoc-Roussillon dans le Sud de la France. Prenant ses racines dans l’univers du surf au plan technique mais aussi culturel (dans le contexte des années 1970/1980), le wakeboard va s’imposer en France au cours des années 1990 par rapport au ski nautique resté proche d’une élite sociale propriétaire de bateaux sur la Côte d’Azur. L’évolution de cette activité illustre plus largement des relations économiques, sociales et culturelles entre diffusion d’une pratique corporelle, technologie et aménagement de la nature.
Effective Approaches to Address Transitions in Breast Cancer Care
Authors: Weiss Anna , Bushart Jocelyn , Galton Kristina , Kotula Carli , Regis Crystal , Huston Alissa 
Published: September 2024

In Brief
Patients with breast cancer continue to live longer, patient case volumes are increasing, and creative solutions are required to see all newly diagnosed patients quickly and subsequently for longer periods of time. Creation of advanced practice provider-led clinics—including breast health, high-risk, and survivorship facilities—can help offset some of this patient volume and expand capacity to absorb patients if providers leave or retire. This invited review presents the experience, including successes and challenges, at 1 breast center.
Outcomes of Prophylactic Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection in Malignancies of Lower Limb
Authors: Nichkaode Prabhat Bhaskarrao , Sharma Bijay , Reddy Sreemanth , Inturi Ramteja , Patil Aditya 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
To evaluate the role of early prophylactic inguinal node dissection in patients with squamous cell cancer and melanoma of lower limb.

Materials and Methods:
From 2008 to 2018, a Tertiary Care Hospital connected to a teaching institute served as the site of this retrospective observational study. Patient records were gathered with the purpose of gathering clinical, investigative, surgical, pathological and follow-up information.

Results:
We included 33 patients in this analysis out of the 47 patients we treated ourselves between 2008 and 2018; among these 33 patients, 21 (63.63%) had palpable inguinal nodes at the time of primary presentation. All 21 patients’ FNAC tests were positive for metastases, in 16 patients (76.19%). 5 patients on FNAC (23.80%) exhibited not metastases. The remaining 12 patients did not have enlarged lymph nodes at the time of their initial presentation. Patients who did not have palpable lymph node were given the option of having a modified inguinal block dissection. 8 patients with metastatic disease have nodes that are positive in histology. In addition, out of 5 patients with negative nodes 4 (80%) showed evidence of metastasis.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this retrospective observational study is that although palpable lymph nodes in groin are unquestionably a sign that inguinal nodes should be dissected, prophylactic lymph node dissection should be still done even if nodes are not palpable or provide a negative FNAC result. Given that delayed lymphadenectomy has a significant effect on survival, delaying inguinal lymphadenectomy in non-palpable nodes could cause you to lose the battle against cancer in your lower limb. The related surgical morbidity is the only downside to prophylactic lymph node dissection. This can, however, be effectively decreased with a modified inguinal lymphadenectomy operation.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kumari Sunita , Chaudhary Shyam Chand , Sawlani Kamal Kumar , Gupta Kamlesh Kumar , Usman Kauser , Reddy Himanshu Dandu , Verma Ajay Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Verma Narsingh , Atam Virendra 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a major contributor to cardiac, cerebrovascular, and metabolic disorders as well as to premature death.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was done for 1 year in 103 patients of MetS diagnosed by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. All patients were subjected to the STOP-Bang questionnaire, and they were classified into low, intermediate, and high risks depending on the score. Patients falling in intermediate-high risk (score 3–8) were taken for overnight polysomnography to confirm the diagnosis of OSA (apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5) and were considered Group I. Patients with STOP-Bang score ≤2 or score ≥3 with AHI <5 were considered Group II (non-OSA).

Results:
Out of 103 MetS patients enrolled in the study, only 70 (68.0%) were diagnosed with OSA, so the prevalence of OSA in MetS patients was 68%. The majority of the OSA cases had moderate-to-severe OSA (68.5%), and only 31.4% had mild OSA. The age of patients enrolled in the study ranged between 29 and 78 years, and the mean age of patients was 54.8 ± 9.4 years. Out of 103 MetS enrolled in the study, 59 (57.3%) were male and the rest were female, so the prevalence of severe OSA was higher in males than in females. The prevalence increases with an increase in age groups. Weight, body mass index (BMI), circumference, and waist circumference (WC) of cases of OSA were found to be significantly higher as compared to that of non-OSA. An incremental trend of increase in weight, BMI, neck circumference, and WC was observed with the increase in the severity of OSA. Patients of OSA as compared to non-OSA had significantly increased WC, blood pressure (BP), fasting, postprandial, random blood sugar, and triglyceride (TG) levels. A trend of increase in WC, BP fasting, postprandial, random blood sugar, and TG levels was associated with an increase in the severity of OSA. Snoring and daytime sleepiness were observed in a significantly higher proportion of OSA cases as compared to non-OSA cases.

Conclusions:
This study shows that OSA has a high prevalence in subjects with MetS. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis.
Randomized controlled trial comparing quadratus Lumborum Block and Surgical Site Infiltration in Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Dhanger Sangeeta , Jayavani R L , Vaidiyanathan Bhavani , Rajesh Idhuyya Joseph 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Total abdominal hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure associated with significant postoperative pain. Effective pain management techniques are critical for enhancing patient recovery and satisfaction. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the quadratus lumborum block (QLB) with surgical site infiltration (SSI) in managing postoperative pain following total abdominal hysterectomy.

Methods:
In a randomized controlled trial, 60 female patients scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups: QLB and SSI, with 30 patients in each group. However, due to incomplete data, 2 patients from the QLB group were excluded, resulting in 58 participants in the final analysis. The primary outcomes measured were the time to first request for analgesia and total morphine consumption within the first 24 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction and the incidence of sleep disturbance due to pain.

Results:
Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and duration of surgery. There was no significant difference in the time to first request for analgesia between the two groups. Although the mean total morphine consumption was higher in the SSI group, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.052035). In the first 2 h postoperation, the QLB group reported higher Verbal Analog Scale (VAS) scores, indicating more pain, but this difference leveled off in the subsequent 22 h. The time taken to administer the block was significantly longer in the QLB group compared to the SSI group.

Conclusion:
Both QLB and SSI are effective techniques for managing postoperative pain following total abdominal hysterectomy. Despite the longer time required to administer QLB and initially higher VAS scores, there were no significant differences in time to first analgesia request, total morphine consumption, or patient satisfaction between the two methods. The choice of pain management technique can therefore be based on the clinical setting, practitioner’s expertise, and patient preferences.
THE LAW OF SELF-EXPLOITATION OF AN WORKER
Authors: Tolmachev Oleg L. 
Published: September 2024

The application of the theory of marginal utility to the modern conditions of entrepreneurs’ activities, as well as to the labor of hired workers, in combination with modern research in this area, allowed the author to identify and formulate a stable pattern of “self-exploitation of an worker”, characteristic of any modern working person. The analysis of the average estimates by a modern small entrepreneur and hired worker of the marginal usefulness of the results of their labor and the burden of their acquisition (appropriation) led the author to the conclusion that there are certain stable regularities in the ratio of these estimates, which can be formulated as the law of the self-exploitation of an worker (working person): “The subjective assessment by the worker (working person) of the marginal utility of the ruble he earns will always decrease, and the marginal burden of earning this ruble will increase. At the point of intersection of these two estimates, an equilibrium state occurs, when the assessment of further efforts to earn the marginal ruble acquires a negative character and exceeds the assessment of the attractiveness of the marginal ruble earned. At this equilibrium point, the worker (working person) stops making efforts to earn the next ruble”. The author refers to a modern worker or working person as people who make certain efforts to earn money or some other results of their work, relying mainly on their own physical and mental strength and resources. These can be both self-employed citizens and small entrepreneurs, managers and other employees. The identified patterns clarify the causes and mechanism of a sharp decrease in the productivity of employees with an excessive increase in the production load, the nature of the concept of the “norm of control” (“sphere of control”) and its connection with the reasons for “delegation of authority” in organizations. The revealed features of the self-exploitation of working people in various areas of employment make it possible to take them into account in practical activities, more effectively distributing the labor load.
TOURISM APERTURE IN ENSURING BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS IN THE REGIONAL ECONOMY IN THE MOBILIZATION FORMAT OF CHANGES
Authors: Shchepakin Mikhail B. , Khandamova Eva F. , Zhamankulova Diana S. 
Published: September 2024

The issues of tourism development in regional entities in the context of business adaptation to the requirements of the mobilization economy are considered. Tourism is endowed with the property of a driver of economic, social and cultural development of territories. The object of the study is the tourism sector as a key link in the image education system of the region. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for managing the competitiveness of tourism services in the context of mobilization changes on a marketing and communication platform that implements new requirements for digitalization and intellectualization of innovative transformations. It is proposed to activate the communication multiplier and use human capital more effectively in the course of marketing adaptation of subjects to the action of multidirectional factors of the external and internal contours of the local socio-­economic system. The research is based on the use of a systematic approach to understanding the essence of adaptive potential in relation to the mobilization stage of the transformation of the tourism sector of the Russian economy. Categorical analysis was applied in the development of a new conceptual framework in the field of tourism business. The method of expert assessments was used to determine the impact of various factors on the development of the tourism sector, as well as a modeling method to improve the competitiveness management of the business forming it. A model for managing the competitiveness of tourism services in the context of the mobilization orientation of the economy is proposed, which allows creating a “window of opportunity” for the sustainable functioning and development of the tourism sector at the level of the regional economy within the framework of the strategy formed by it to keep business competitive positions. The results obtained correlate the effectiveness of business development with the marketing and behavioral adaptation of subjects with the expansion of the action of the communication multiplier.
STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONS: BENEFITS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Bakharev Evgeniy Yu. , Anisimov Alexander Yu. 
Published: September 2024

The introduction of digital technologies affects almost all areas of activity of modern organizations, including production, organizational structure and relationships with partners, suppliers and customers. The importance of implementing digital transformation in all areas is emphasized in many strategic and program documents of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to study the strategic aspects of the digital transformation of organizations, as well as the impact of costs on the implementation and development of digital technologies of organizations and the results and their activities. As a result of the study, it was determined that digital transformation is an important tool for ensuring direct communication between organizations and clients, allowing products and services to be adapted to the changing needs of consumers. Based on content analysis, the work determined that the main benefits for the organization as a result of digital transformation are an increase in the productivity of production factors and an increase in financial results as a result of investments made and costs for the implementation and use of digital technologies. However, organizations that invest in digital technologies often fail to achieve the expected increase in revenue. In this regard, to assess the degree of impact of investments in digital transformation, as well as the costs of introducing and using digital technologies and financial results in the work, a correlation analysis was carried out. As a result of the correlation analysis between the values of profit indicators by type of economic activity, as well as the volume of investments and the volume of expenses of the organization for the implementation and use of digital technologies, it was revealed that an increase in investments and costs for the introduction of digital technologies is not always accompanied by an increase in financial results, which is confirmed by the values of correlation coefficients, as well as an assessment of their significance. During the research, the methods of content analysis, descriptive and statistical analysis were used. As a result of the study, it was determined that the economic effect of the introduction of digital technologies in different industries may be different, which determines the use of differentiated strategic approaches to the digital transformation of modern business.