bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estado nutricional y hábitos alimenticios en niños de un colegio público de Valledupar
Authors: Mosquera Heredia Maria Isabel 
Published: June 2017

Introducción: La desnutrición es una de las principales causas de deficiencias cognitivas en los niños lo que puede afectar su desarrollo motriz y rendimiento escolar; además de que conlleva a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades y genera grandes costos en el sistema de salud.Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional según antropometría y perfil de hierro y su asociación a hábitos alimenticios en una población de escolares de 9-11 años de edad.Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en 155 escolares. El estado nutricional se valoró mediante medidas antropométricas y pruebas del laboratorio para valorar el estado del metabolismo del hierro. Se aplicó el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo utilizado en ENSIN-2010.Resultados: El 7,1% de los niños presentó delgadez, el 17,4% riesgo de delgadez, el 18,7% sobrepeso, y el 7,1% obesidad. Con respecto al indicador Talla para la edad, el 1,3% de la población resultó con talla baja, y el 11,6% con riesgo de talla baja para la edad. Según la valoración del metabolismo del hierro, el 7,1%, 5,8% y 3,9% fueron clasificados en los estadios 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente.El bajo consumo de frutas se asoció con riesgo de talla baja, y el bajo consumo de morcilla y vísceras con alteraciones en el metabolismo del hierro. Por otro lado, se observó que el alto consumo de arroz y pastas influye positivamente en los indicadores de IMC y Talla/E. Conclusiones: Se requieren accionesque corrijan hábitos alimenticios inadecuados en los niños para prevenir bajo rendimiento escolar y enfermedades crónicas en la adultez.
Correlación Cito-Histológica en Lesiones Pigmentadas del Sistema Nervioso Central: Melanosis Leptomeníngea Asociado a Melanocitoma. Presentación de un Caso.
Authors: Barcella Rosa Angelica 
Published: June 2017

Las lesiones pigmentadas del sistema nervioso central (SNC) se caracterizan por ser poco frecuentes y van desde lesiones circunscritas a difusas. Su reconocimiento desde el punto de vista clínico y de imagen radiológica dependerá de la presentación clínica y del grado en la cantidad de melanina que ellos contengan. Existen descritas lesiones histológicamente y biológicamente benignas: los melanocitomas. Estos tumores pueden estar asociados a entidades poco estudiadas como lo es la melanosis difusa o melanosis leptomeníngea.Presentamos un caso de difícil diagnóstico en el que la evaluación de lacitología, tanto por capa líquida como la impronta en la intraoperatoria, fue un aporte fundamental para el diagnóstico definitivo.
Continuous Auditing's Effectiveness as a Fraud Deterrent
Authors: Gonzalez George C. , Hoffman Vicky B. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYContinuous auditing increases the coverage and frequency of analysis of a firm's activities, and has been touted as a powerful fraud deterrence and detection technique, but we identify and examine a potential unintended consequence. When continuous auditing is accompanied by more timely notifications to auditees of exceptions to control rules, information is revealed about the system's capability to flag exceptions to control rules. Therefore, if a system has weak fraud-detection capability, early notification that the system did not detect a fraudulent transaction could actually increase an auditee's propensity to commit fraud. We examine whether the benefit of early notification depends on the fraud-detection capability of the organization's monitoring system (i.e., whether it is a strong or weak monitoring system). We use an experimental economics approach to address our research question. Consistent with expectations, we find that early and frequent notification of audit results is not always beneficial in deterring fraud, and that its benefit depends on whether the fraud-detection capability of the monitoring system is strong or weak. We do not find evidence of the predicted benefit of continuous notification reducing the incidence of fraud when the system is strong, but we do find an increase in participants' inclination to commit fraud when the system is weak. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.
Effects of Informal Institutions on the Relationship between Accounting Measures of Risk and Bank Distress
Authors: Kanagaretnam Kiridaran , Lee Jimmy , Lim Chee Yeow , Lobo Gerald J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effects of informal institutions on the relationship between accounting-based risk measures and bank distress. We conduct our analysis in two stages. In the first stage, we extend the prior literature by documenting a link between accounting-based risk measures and bank distress during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. In particular, given the environment characterized by rapid growth in financial innovation and complex financial transactions prior to the crisis, simple accounting-based risk measures continue to predict bank distress during this crisis period. In the second stage, we address our main research question related to the effects of selected informal institutions (societal trust, religiosity, and the media) in enhancing the predictive ability of accounting-based risk measures. As hypothesized, we find that these informal institutions enhance the predictive ability of accounting-based risk measures. Our results inform regulators that the focus on strengthening formal institutions should not ignore country-specific informal institutional structures.
JEL Classifications: G21; G28; G34.
Data Availability: Data are available from the sources cited in the text.
Cooking Methods for Red Meats and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of U.S. Women
Authors: Liu Gang , Zong Geng , Hu Frank B. , Willett Walter C. , Eisenberg David M. , Sun Qi 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE
This study examined different cooking methods for red meats in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among U.S. women who consumed red meats regularly (≥2 servings/week).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We monitored 59,033 women (1986–2012) aged 30–55 years and free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline when information on frequency of different cooking methods for red meats, including broiling, barbequing, roasting, pan-frying, and stewing/boiling, was collected.

RESULTS
During 1.24 million person-years of follow-up, we documented 6,206 incident cases of T2D. After multivariate adjustment including red meat cooking methods, total red meat and processed red meat intake were both associated with a monotonically increased T2D risk (both P trend &lt;0.05). After multivariate adjustment including total red meat intake, a higher frequency of broiling, barbequing, and roasting red meats was each independently associated with a higher T2D risk. When comparing ≥2 times/week with &lt;1 time/month, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI of T2D were 1.29 (1.19, 1.40; P trend &lt;0.001) for broiling, 1.23 (1.11, 1.38; P trend &lt;0.001) for barbequing, and 1.11 (1.01, 1.23; P trend = 0.14) for roasting. In contrast, the frequency of stewing/boiling red meats was not associated with T2D risk, and an inverse association was observed for pan-frying frequency and T2D risk. The results remained similar after cooking methods were further mutually adjusted.

CONCLUSIONS
Independent of total red meat consumption, high-temperature and/or open-flame cooking methods for red meats, especially broiling and barbequing, may further increase diabetes risk among regular meat eaters.
The rs7903146 Variant in the TCF7L2 Gene Increases the Risk of Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Adolescents by Impairing β-Cell Function and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Cropano Catrina , Santoro Nicola , Groop Leif , Dalla Man Chiara , Cobelli Claudio , Galderisi Alfonso , Kursawe Romy , Pierpont Bridget , Goffredo Martina , Caprio Sonia 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE
In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk allele confers susceptibility to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The rs7903146 variant in the TCF7L2 gene was genotyped in a multiethnic cohort of 955 youths. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with the use of the Oral Minimal Model to assess insulin secretion, and 33 subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In 307 subjects, a follow-up oral glucose tolerance test was repeated after 3.11 ± 2.36 years.

RESULTS
The TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk allele was associated with higher 2-h glucose levels in Caucasians (P = 0.006) and African Americans (P = 0.009), and a trend was seen also in Hispanics (P = 0.072). Also, the T allele was associated with decreased β-cell responsivity and IGT (P &lt; 0.05). Suppression of endogenous hepatic glucose production was lower in subjects with the risk variant (P = 0.006). Finally, the odds of showing IGT/T2D at follow-up were higher in subjects carrying the minor allele (odds ratio 2.224; 95% CI 1.370–3.612; P = 0.0012).

CONCLUSIONS
The rs7903146 variant in the TCF7L2 gene increases the risk of IGT/T2D in obese adolescents by impairing β-cell function, and hepatic insulin sensitivity predicts the development of IGT/T2D over time.
Retracted: INTEGRASI PAJAK DAN ZAKAT DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Wahid Moh. Abdur Rohman 
Published: June 2017

This paper was retracted by Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam as Publisher on August 8, 2019. This paper was published due to a technical error and was not intended to be included in this journal. This article is the property of Masnun Tahir & Zasiana Elly Triantini, which has been published in the journal Al-Adalah Faculty of Sharia UIN Raden Intan Lampung volume 12 number 1 in 2015 at http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/adalah/article/view/204/374.
Thus the article belongs to Moh. Abdur Rohman Wahid was not published by us.
Retractions are published on August 8, 2019.
Tulisan ini menawarkan konsep integrasi pajak dan zakat sebagai bentuk semangat baru dalam meningkatkan zakat dan pajak di Indonesia. Integrasi zakat dan pajak penting untuk diupayakan karena pertumbuhan zakat semakin meningkat dari waktu ke waktu yang ditandai dengan makin meningkatnya jumlah Badan Amil Zakat dan nomor akuisisi sedekah dari tahun ke tahun. Selain dari itu, perkembangan kekayaan serta kualitas pelayanan pengembangan distribusi zakat wajib, termasuk pemanfaatannya, menunjukkan trend yang terus meningkat secara progresif. Dengan pertumbuhan yang signifikan ini, zakat dapat menjadi alat kesejahteraan ekonomi dan sosial bagi umat dan kedudukannya sama penting dengan pajak penghasilan negara. Pajak dan zakat, bilamana diintegrasikan dalam suatu konsep dan aturan hukum yang jelas, diyakini dapat memajukan perekonomian Indonesia.

This paper propose the concept of integration between taxes and zakat to accelerate the achievement of social welfare in Indonesia. The integration is important as the growth of zakat steadily increases from time to time which is marked by the increasing number of Amil Zakat and alms acquisition from year to year. At the same time, the development of wealth and the service quality of obligatory zakat distributions, including utilization, is also increases progressively. Undoubtly, with this significant growth, charity, like the tax, can be utilized as a tool to achieve social walfare as well as to improve the economy of Indonesia.
PERAN KAIDAH FIQH TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI ISLAMI
Authors: Wahid Moh. Abdur Rohman 
Published: June 2017

Khazanah fiqh Islam selalu membahas topik-topik tentang konsep dan ilmu ekonomi. Untuk membantu umat Islam dalam membahas suatu tema tentang hukum ekonomi Islam, maka mempelajari kaidahâ€“kaidah fiqh merupakan suatu keharusan untuk memperoleh kemudahan dalam mengetahui hukum-hukum kontemporer ekonomi yang tidak memiliki nash sharÃ®h (dalil pasti) dalam Al-quran maupun hadis. Selain itu, kaidah-kaidah fiqh juga mempermudah kita menguasai permasalahan furuâ€™iyah (cabang) yang terus berkembang dan tidak terhitung jumlahnya hanya dalam waktu singkat dan dengan cara yang mudah, yaitu melalui sebuah ungkapan yang padat dan ringkas berupa kaidah-kaidah fiqh, baik kaidah fiqh yang berkaitan dengan akad (transaksi), mal (aset kekayaan), perbankan, dan arbitrase.Â Islamic fiqh always discusses the topics of economics and economic concepts. To help Muslims in discussing a theme of the economic law of Islam, it is necessary to learn the rules of fiqh to gain ease in knowing the laws of the contemporary economy that has no sharih nash (certain reference) in the Qurâ€™an and hadith. In addition, the rules of fiqh also help us to master the branch problems (furuâ€™iyah) that are more various and incalculable, in only a short time an easy way, which is through a solid and succinct expression in the form of rules of fiqh, either fiqh rules related to contract (transaction), mal (property assets), banking, and arbitration.
COD(COMMUNITY ORGINIZING DEVELOPMENT): OPTIMALISASI MIKRO FINANCING BANK UMUM SYARIAH (BUS) DI INDONESIA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN STARTUP BUSINESS (UMKM)
Authors: Suhartanto Apri 
Published: June 2017

Industri keungan syariah dari tahun ketahun menunjukan tren yang sangat positif. OJK merilis market share perbankan syariah diangka 5%. Salah satu faktor bertahannya perbankan syariah adalah produk pembiayaan. Pembiayaan sebagai jantung dari suatu perbankan. Dan pembiayaan mikro menjadi andalan perbankan dalam menjamah nasabah sampai kepada pelosok desa. Namun, masih kurangnya pendampingan yang dilakukan Bank Umum Syariah menjadikan pembiayaan ini diujung tanduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana optimalisasi pembiayaan mikro di bank umum syariah dalam pengembangan bisnis UMKM nasabah mikro. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penulisan deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan studi pustaka dan dokumenter.Hasil dan pembahasan adalah dengan melakukan teknik COD (Community Orginizing Development) yaitu adanya mentoring bisnis yang dilakukanoleh perbankan syariah itu sendiri atau dengan lembaga mitra bank umum syariah kepada nasabah pembiayaan mikro.Â Sharia financial industry shows a very positive trend from year to year. FSA (Financial Service Authority) has released Islamic banking market share of 5%. One of the persistence factors of Islamic banking is financing products, which is the heart of banking, and microfinance becomes a mainstay in serving its customer in the countryside. However, the lack of mentoring run by sharia division of convensional banks has made it not well developed. This study was aimed at analyzing the optimization of micro-financing in syaria division of conventional bank in the business development of SMEs micro customers. This is a descriptive qualitative research and the data used in this research were secondary data. Data were collected through literary and documentary study. This research found that the optimalization of micro financing in Islamic banks was done through COD (Organizing Community Development), i.e., the business mentoring done by the Islamic banking itself or by a partner institution of syaria division of conventional bank to microfinance customers.
Regulasi Pemilu Terkait Dengan Black Campaign Dan Efektifitasnya Dalam Penindakan (Studi Kasus Pilkada Kabupaten Banggai Tahun 2015)
Authors: David Dodu Alfred Bertrand 
Published: June 2017

Makalah ini melihat regulasi pemilu terkait dengan black campaign dan efektifitasnya dalam penindakan. Penulis mengambil Pilkada Kabupaten Banggai Tahun 2015 sebagai studi kasus. Dari hasil penelaahan masalah black campaign yang terjadi pada penyelenggaraan Pilkada di Kabupaten Banggai Tahun 2015 lalu, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa dalam hal regulasi, black campaign sesungguhnya telah dituangkan dan diatur dalam regulasi dan peraturan baik yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah maupun KPU sebagai lembaga penyelenggara pemilu. Disamping itu regulasi pemilu untuk masalah black campaign yang ada pada saat ini secara substansi sudah cukup baik karena dari bunyi pasal-pasal yang disangkakan kepada pelaku black campaign sudah mewakili dalam hal jenis pelanggaran maupun media yang dipakai dalam melakukan black campaign, jadi tidak perlu lagi dibuatkan aturan atau regulasi tersendiri mengenai black campaign. Namun dalam hal sanksi pidana perlu adanya kesamaan/keseragaman sanksi bagi pelaku black campaign baik dalam ancaman hukuman maupun denda yang diberikan. Dan juga perlu diberikan kewenangan yang lebih besar dan lama dari segi waktu baik bagi bawaslu, panwaslih maupun pihak kepolisian untuk memproses pelanggaran pidana yang dilakukan Kata kunci: Black Campaign, Regulasi Pemilu, Pilkada Kabupaten Banggai, Bawaslu , Panwaslih Kabupaten Banggai, Kepolisian Resort Kabupaten Banggai
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Max Havelaar</em> Dan Citra Antikolonial: Sebuah Tinjauan Poskolonial</p>
Authors: Dewi Christina 
Published: June 2017

Max Havelaar is a literary work by Multatuli, a.k.a. E.E. Douwes Dekker. This novel is usually known as a novel with an anti-colonial image. While in the other hand, this novel never suggests to stop colonialism done by Dutch in Hindia Belanda. This research aims at revealing the relationship between colonialism's views with its innovation of narrative technique in this novel. The first analysis is trying to do a focalization on MH. The writer wants to do it because MH presents an argument about the essence of colonialism in Hindia Belanda through opinions and views from three focalizations. MH uniquely uses three focalizers and its uniqueness is shown by Stern as a narrator-fokalizer in the Lebak Episode. Although Stern is one of the characters in the novel, it gives the impression that Stern is in a neutral position. He takes place in the middle-position between the two other character-focalizers. However, since he is one of the characters in this novel, his focalization is not perfectly neutral in the manner of inviting the readers to support the attitude of Multatuli, Readers are confronted to make a choice between the war of anticolonial or procolonial interests and to support either one of the two character-fokulizers : Multatuli or Droogstoppcl. The orientalism theory has been applied to conduct focalization in the novel as the research object.. The novel characterizes Multatuli and Stern as opposing figures against the forced labor while Droogstoppcl, on the other hand, as a figure who is supporting forced labor of the coffee trade. MH strove for labors to earn proper wages so that the issue about the procedures of cultuur-stelsel has a special place in MH. Anti-colonial traits are shown by a rejection of low wages, oppression, robbery, injustice, mistreating, and discrimination. This novel is influencing the colonial hegemony of the competition of industrial products among colonized countries in Europe in the 19th century. That is why liberation values in MH restricted only to the liberation of the labor class from capitalists and people from low-classes from tyrants. This novel does not discuss political liberation
PERANAN ABU UBAIDAH BIN JARRAH DALAM PERANG YARMUK TAHUN 636 M
Authors: Brata Yat Rospia , Gustina Rina Dwi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRAKAbu Ubaidah bin jarrah r. a salah satu sahabat Nabi yang tidak mementingkan jabatan ataupun posisi istimewa dipemerintahan, melaikan hanya menjalankan dengan kesungguhannya sebagai umat Islam. Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a merupakan sahabat Nabi yang membawa pengaruh terhadap peradaban islam dalam melakukan ekpansi wilayah di luar Arab. Sehingga menjadikan banyak daerah yang dapat dibebaskan dan kekuasaan islam semakin kuat. Atas upaya dan kesungguhannya, Alloh menjanjikan Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a. sebagai Assabiqunaal Awwalun (masuk surga). Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a. mengajarkan pentingnya berjalan di agama alloh dengan kesungguhan, keiklasan, tanpa kesombongan ataupun pamrih. Semua dijalankan berdasarkan mencari keridoan Alloh. Abu Ubaidah bin jarrah dipercaya oleh Umar bin Khttab sebagai panglima perang dalam peristiwa yarmuk tahun 636 M dimana peristiwa tersebut dimenangkan oleh umat muslim dalam penaklukan pertamanya di luar Jazirah Arab melawan Romawi Timur. Dengan strategi perang membag tentaranya menjadi lima bagian, depan, belakang, kanan, kiri dan tengah. Serta, karena kehebatannya sebagai panglima beliau berhasil membunuh komandan Romawi. Kata Kunci: Abu Ubaidah dan Peranga YarmukABSTRACTAbu Ubaidah bin jarrah ra one of the companions of the Prophet were not concerned with the post or privileged position the groverenment, but only run with sincerity as Muslims. Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah ra is a companion of the Prophet who had an impact on the Islamic civilization in doing expansion outside the Arab region. So that makes a lot of areas that can be freed and Islamic power is getting stronger. The efforts and sincerity, Allah promises Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah ra as Assabiqunaal Awwalun (go to heaven). Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah r. a. taught the importance of walking in the religion of Allah with sincerity, keiklasan, without vanity or self-interest. All are run by looking keridoan Allah. Abu Ubaidah bin jarrah trusted by Umar bin Khttab as a warlord in the event of Yarmuk in 636 AD where the event was won by the Muslims in the first conquest beyond the Arabian Peninsula against the East. With war strategy divide army into five parts, the front, rear, right, left and center. As well, because of his prowess as a commander, he managed to kill the Roman commander. Keyword: Abu Ubaidah and Yarmuk
Precision Case Hardening by Low Pressure Carburizing (LPC) for High Volume Production*
Authors: Korecki M. , Wołowiec-Korecka E. , Sut M. , Brewka A. , Stachurski W. , Zgórniak P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Traditionally, case hardening is based on carburizing in atmospheres and oil quenching; this is carried out in sealed quench furnaces and in continuous lines (pusher, roller or rotary furnaces). They are technologies and devices developed more than 50 years ago and, over the course of time, they have exhausted their development potential. At present, they hardly meet the incoming requirements of the modern industry regarding quality and replicability, integration and organization of production, and environment protection.
A solution for weak points of traditional case hardening is the use of vacuum technologies and equipment. Vacuum carburizing increases the resulting precision and replicability, and the variety of vacuum equipment for heat treatment allows the adaptation to modern industry requirements. Two applications are described in the article. The first one – evolutionary – is based on the triple- chamber vacuum furnace for semi-continuous production as a wide alternative for traditional devices. The second system – innovative – is based on the true single-piece flow method. Both solutions have specific and characteristic properties that predispose them for different applications depending on quality requirements and organization of production.