bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Basis for DNA Recognition of a Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein from Enterobacter Phage Enc34
Authors: Cernooka Elina , Rumnieks Janis , Tars Kaspars , Kazaks Andris 
Published: November 2017

AbstractModern DNA sequencing capabilities have led to the discovery of a large number of new bacteriophage genomes, which are a rich source of novel proteins with an unidentified biological role. The genome of Enterobacter cancerogenus bacteriophage Enc34 contains several proteins of unknown function that are nevertheless conserved among distantly related phages. Here, we report the crystal structure of a conserved Enc34 replication protein ORF6 which contains a domain of unknown function DUF2815. Despite the low (~15%) sequence identity, the Enc34 ORF6 structurally resembles the gene 2.5 protein from bacteriophage T7, and likewise is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein (SSB) that consists of a variation of the oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide-binding (OB)-fold and an unstructured C-terminal segment. We further report the crystal structure of a C-terminally truncated ORF6 in complex with an ssDNA oligonucleotide that reveals a DNA-binding mode involving two aromatic stacks and multiple electrostatic interactions, with implications for a common ssDNA recognition mechanism for all T7-type SSBs.
Facilitation of information processing in the primary somatosensory area in the ball rotation task
Authors: Wasaka Toshiaki , Kida Tetsuo , Kakigi Ryusuke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSomatosensory input to the brain is known to be modulated during voluntary movement. It has been demonstrated that the response in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is generally gated during simple movement of the corresponding body part. This study investigated sensorimotor integration in the SI during manual movement using a motor task combining movement complexity and object manipulation. While the amplitude of M20 and M30 generated in the SI showed a significant reduction during manual movement, the subsequent component (M38) was significantly higher in the motor task than in the stationary condition. Especially, that in the ball rotation task showed a significant enhancement compared with those in the ball grasping and stone and paper tasks. Although sensorimotor integration in the SI generally has an inhibitory effect on information processing, here we found facilitation. Since the ball rotation task seems to be increasing the demand for somatosensory information to control the complex movements and operate two balls in the palm, it may have resulted in an enhancement of M38 generated in the SI.
A dual-channel endoscope for quantitative imaging, monitoring, and triggering of doxorubicin release from liposomes in living mice
Authors: Kress Jeremy , Rohrbach Daniel J. , Carter Kevin A. , Luo Dandan , Poon Chien , Aygun-Sunar Semra , Shao Shuai , Lele Shashikant , Lovell Jonathan F. , Sunar Ulas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox) is approved for use in liposomal form for the treatment of ovarian cancer. We previously developed a long-circulating Dox formulation in liposomes containing small amounts of porphyrin-phospholipid, which enables on-demand drug release with near-infrared irradiation. In this study, we present and evaluate a dual-modal, dual-channel light endoscope that allows quantitative reflectance and fluorescence imaging for monitoring of local Dox concentrations in target areas. The endoscope consists of two flexible imaging fibers; one to transmit diagnostic and therapeutic light to the target, and the other to detect fluorescent and reflected light. Thus, the endoscope serves for imaging, for light delivery to trigger drug release, and for monitoring drug concentration kinetics during drug release. We characterized the performance of this endoscope in tissue phantoms and in an in vivo model of ovarian cancer. This study demonstrates the feasibility of non-invasive, quantitative mapping of Dox distribution in vivo via endoscopic imaging.
Global Sequestration Potential of Increased Organic Carbon in Cropland Soils
Authors: Zomer Robert J. , Bossio Deborah A. , Sommer Rolf , Verchot Louis V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe role of soil organic carbon in global carbon cycles is receiving increasing attention both as a potentially large and uncertain source of CO2 emissions in response to predicted global temperature rises, and as a natural sink for carbon able to reduce atmospheric CO2. There is general agreement that the technical potential for sequestration of carbon in soil is significant, and some consensus on the magnitude of that potential. Croplands worldwide could sequester between 0.90 and 1.85 Pg C/yr, i.e. 26–53% of the target of the “4p1000 Initiative: Soils for Food Security and Climate”. The importance of intensively cultivated regions such as North America, Europe, India and intensively cultivated areas in Africa, such as Ethiopia, is highlighted. Soil carbon sequestration and the conservation of existing soil carbon stocks, given its multiple benefits including improved food production, is an important mitigation pathway to achieve the less than 2 °C global target of the Paris Climate Agreement.
Obesity-promoting and anti-thermogenic effects of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in mice
Authors: Ishii Akira , Katsuura Goro , Imamaki Hirotaka , Kimura Hiroyuki , Mori Keita P. , Kuwabara Takashige , Kasahara Masato , Yokoi Hideki , Ohinata Kousaku , Kawanishi Tomoko , Tsuchida Junichi , Nakamoto Yuji , Nakao Kazuwa , Yanagita Motoko , Mukoyama Masashi , Mori Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, lipocalin 2 or LCN2) is an iron carrier protein whose circulating level is increased by kidney injury, bacterial infection and obesity, but its metabolic consequence remains elusive. To study physiological role of LCN2 in energy homeostasis, we challenged female Lcn2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with high fat diet (HFD) or cold exposure. Under normal diet, physical constitutions of Lcn2 KO and WT mice were indistinguishable. During HFD treatment, Lcn2 KO mice exhibited larger brown adipose tissues (BAT), consumed more oxygen, ate more food and gained less body weights as compared to WT mice. When exposed to 4 °C, KO mice showed higher body temperature and more intense 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in BAT, which were cancelled by β3 adrenergic receptor blocker or iron-loaded (but not iron-free) LCN2 administration. These findings suggest that circulating LCN2 possesses obesity-promoting and anti-thermogenic effects through inhibition of BAT activity in an iron-dependent manner.
Prep1 prevents premature adipogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors
Authors: Maroni Giorgia , Tkachuk Vsevolod A. , Egorov Alexander , Morelli Marco J. , Luongo Raffaele , Levantini Elena , Blasi Francesco , Magli Maria Cristina , Penkov Dmitry 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTranscriptional regulators are crucial in adipocyte differentiation. We now show that the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Prep1 is a repressor of adipogenic differentiation since its down-regulation (DR) in both ex vivo bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and in vitro 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly increases their adipogenic differentiation ability. Prep1 acts at a stage preceding the activation of the differentiation machinery because its DR makes cells more prone to adipogenic differentiation even in the absence of the adipogenic inducers. Prep1 DR expands the DNA binding landscape of C/EBPβ (CCAAT enhancer binding protein β) without affecting its expression or activation. The data indicate that Prep1 normally acts by restricting DNA binding of transcription factors to adipogenic enhancers, in particular C/EBPβ.
Fine Tuning the Energy Barrier of Molecular Nanomagnets via Lattice Solvent Molecules
Authors: Liu Cai-Ming , Zhang De-Qing , Zhu Dao-Ben 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSolvents play important roles in our lives, they are also of interest in molecular materials, especially for molecular magnets. The solvatomagnetic effect is generally used for trigger and/or regulation of magnetic properties in molecule-based systems, however, molecular nanomagnets showing solvatomagnetic effects are very difficult to obtain. Here we report four 3d-4f heterometallic cluster complexes containing ROH lattice solvent molecules, [Cu3Tb2(H3L)2(OAc)2(hfac)4]∙2ROH {H6L = 1,3-Bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane, hfac− = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; R = CH3, 1; R = C2H5, 2; R = C3H7, 3; R = H, 4}. Single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties of these four complexes were observed to be dependent on the ROH lattice solvent molecule. There is an interesting magneto-structural correlation: the larger the R group, the higher the energy barrier. For the first time, the solvatomagnetic effect is used for the continuous fine adjustment of the energy barrier of 0D molecular nanomagnets. Additionally, [Cu3Dy2(H3L)2(OAc)2(hfac)4]∙2MeOH (5), an analogue of [Cu3Tb2(H3L)2(OAc)2(hfac)4]∙2MeOH (1), is also reported for comparison.
Circulating androgen receptor combined with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT metabolic activity and outcome to androgen receptor signalling-directed therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Conteduca V. , Scarpi E. , Caroli P. , Salvi S. , Lolli C. , Burgio S. L. , Menna C. , Schepisi G. , Testoni S. , Gurioli G. , Paganelli G. , Casadio V. , Matteucci F. , De Giorgi U. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe association between choline uptake and androgen receptor (AR) expression is suggested by the upregulation of choline kinase-alpha in prostate cancer. Recently, detection of AR aberration in cell-free DNA as well as early 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) were associated with outcome in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide. We aimed to make a direct comparison between circulating AR copy number (CN) and choline uptake at FCH-PET/CT. We analysed 80 mCRPC patients progressing after docetaxel treated with abiraterone (n = 47) or enzalutamide (n = 33). We analysed AR CN from plasma samples using digital PCR and Taqman CN assays and total lesion activity (TLA) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) on FCH-PET/CT at baseline. A meaningful correlation was showed among AR gain and TLA/MTV compared to AR non-gained cases (P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively), independently from type of treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that AR CN and only TLA were associated with both shorter PFS (P < 0.0009 and P = 0.026, respectively) and OS (P < 0.031 and P = 0.039, respectively). AR gain appeared significantly correlated with choline uptake represented mainly by TLA. Further prospective studies are warranted to better address this pathway of AR-signalling and to identify multiplex biomarker strategies including plasma AR and FCH-PET/CT in mCRPC patients.
Immune Pathobiology of Schwannomas: A Concise Review
Authors: Elmaci İlhan , Sari Ramazan , Altinoz Meric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSchwannomas are benign tumors treatable with neurosurgery or radiosurgery, yet a small subset may exhibit aggressive growth. Hence illuminating their immune features can help develop better treatments. A tumor-promoting inflammation exists in schwannomas. Transcription factor NF-κB triggers synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. NF-κB is suppressed by NF2/merlin, yet it is mutated or repressed in schwannomas, and therefore MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, CXCL16, and CXCR6/Bonzo are likely expressed in these tumors. CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages may infiltrate schwannomas and promote their growth. Anti-inflammatory salicylates inhibit schwannomas in cell culture and clinically. Schwannomas that cannot be completely removed by neurosurgery or controlled by radiosurgery may be suitable targets of pharmacologic interventions focusing on immune mechanisms.
Growth Patterns of Residual Tumor in Preoperatively Growing Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Kasbekar Anand , Adan Guleed , Beacall Alaina , Youssef Ahmed , Gilkes Catherine , Lesser Tristram 
Published: November 2017

Objectives To analyze growth of residual vestibular schwannoma (VS) following incomplete tumor resection and determine the influence of residual location and size.
Design Retrospective case note and scan review.
Setting Tertiary skull base unit.
Participants Patients with residual tumor following primary surgery for medium and large unilateral growing vestibular schwanomas between 2006 and 2009.
Main Outcome Measures Location of residual VS and post-operative growth, comparing those with more (>5%) or less than 5% of tumor residual (<5%).
Results Fifty-two patients had visible residual tumor left behind at surgery. Twenty had < 5% and 32 had > 5% residual. The residual growth rates were 38% overall, 20% in < 5%, and 50% in > 5% residuals. There was no significant difference in growth rates at different residual locations. Median follow-up was 6.4 years.
Conclusions There is a greater risk of regrowth of residuals > 5%. All positions of residual tumor can regrow, and the preoperative tumor size plays a role in this. Further data is needed to confirm if residual tumor in the fundus is less likely to grow.
Endoscopic Endonasal Landmarks to the Greater Palatine Canal: A Radiographic Study
Authors: Campbell Raewyn , Solares C. , Mason Eric , Prevedello Daniel , Carrau Ricardo 
Published: November 2017

Background The palatine neurovascular bundle is at risk during endoscopic surgery. Injury may result in significant blood loss and anesthesia of the ipsilateral hard palate. Nonetheless, its endoscopic anatomy has not been described previously. This article strives to establish landmarks to identify the greater palatine canal; thus, avoiding injury to its contents.
Methodology This study comprised 50 deidentified computed tomographic angiograms using landmarks that are immediately visible during endoscopic medial maxillectomy to calculate: the angle of the greater palatine canal to the vertical, the distance from the anteroinferior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the orifice of the nasolacrimal duct, the distance from the anteroinferior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the posterolateral free edge of the hard palate, and the distance from the anterior aspect of the greater palatine canal as it enters the hard palate to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus.
Results The mean angle of the greater palatine canal to the vertical was 23.01 degrees. The mean distance from the anteroinferior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the nasolacrimal duct was 31.52 mm. The mean distance from the anterior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the posterolateral free edge of the hard palate was 7.71 mm and the mean distance from the anterior aspect of the greater palatine canal to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.07 mm.
Conclusion Accessible anatomical landmarks help ascertain the location of the greater palatine canal intraoperatively; thus, avoiding injury to its contents.
Safety of Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Living on an Oxygen-Deficient Plateau, Tibet, China
Authors: Lv Xuemei , Ren Qian , Zhou Lingli , Geng Yanyan , Song Jia , Mina A , Puchi Basang , Yang Senlin , Meng Shuyou , Yang Lihui 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background In the general population, the absolute risk of lactic acidosis in patients treated with metformin appears to be low. However, in the Tibetan plateau, an extreme oxygen-deficient environment, there are no data available concerning the safety of metformin. The aim of our study is to assess the safety of metformin in people of the plateau area.
Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in Tibet. All the 166 subjects were divided into two groups: T2DM+metformin group and T2DM group. Clinical characteristics as well as lactate levels were measured in all subjects. The association between lactate, metformin use, FBG, HbA1c, eGFR, and other potential predictors was evaluated.
Results A total of 166 subjects were enrolled in this study. Average age was 51.7±12.3 years, and the percentage of male participants was 67%. The median level of lactate was 1.89 (1.35–2.91) mmol/L in all the subjects. The mean (±SD) lactate concentration in patients treated with metformin, versus those who were not, was 2.35±1.42 vs 2.29±1.65 mmol/L, respectively (mean difference 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.48–0.60, P=0.556). FBG was significantly higher in the high lactate group than in the low lactate group (12.1±4.1 vs. 10.5±4.0 mmol/L, P=0.018). Similarly, HbA1c level was also significantly higher in the high lactate group than in the low lactate group (12.3±2.6 vs. 11.0±3.0%, P=0.008).
Conclusions In the oxygen-deficient Tibetan plateau, lactate concentration among patients on metformin was not significantly different from patients without metformin. The level of lactate was significantly associated with FBG and HbA1c levels.
Patient decision-making and clinical outcomes following endoscopic therapy or esophagectomy for Barrett’s neoplasia
Authors: Lockwood Robert , Ozanne Elissa , Hur Chin , Yachimski Patrick 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims The objective of this study was to assess patient involvement in decision-making, decision confidence, and decision regret among patients who had undergone endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) or esophagectomy for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) associated neoplasia.
Patients and methods Patients with BE high grade dysplasia or intramucosal (T1a) adenocarcinoma who had undergone EET or esophagectomy were invited to complete a survey.
Results The cohort included 50 subjects, 70 % (35/50) of whom had undergone EET and 30 % (15/50) of whom had undergone esophagectomy. Subjects who underwent esophagectomy were more likely to report post-treatment dysphagia (47 % vs 14 %, P = 0.03), post-treatment dietary modification (73 % vs 6 %, P < 0.0001), and were less likely to view their post-treatment health favorably. However, when asked whether they had selected the right treatment, a high degree of confidence was reported by both groups (mean 9.8 for EET vs 9.3 for esophagectomy on a 0 – 10 scale, P = 0.12). In fact, 97 % (34/35) of EET patients and 80 % (12/15) of esophagectomy patients indicated they would select the same treatment option (P = 0.08).
Conclusions Patients who have undergone EET or surgery for BE neoplasia report a high degree of involvement in the decision-making process. Although EET patients report fewer symptom-specific outcomes, measures of decision confidence and decision regret do not differ between the two treatment groups.
Kostenstrukturanalyse der Elektrokonvulsionstherapie innerhalb eines leistungsorientierten Krankenhausbudgets
Authors: Lehnhardt Fritz-Georg , Dohle Ines , Sartorius Alexander , Grözinger Michael 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Veränderungen durch die aktuelle S3 / NVL-Leitlinie Unipolare Depression und Neuerungen durch die krankenhausökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen des PsychVVG erfordern eine Neubewertung des Stellenwertes des Behandlungsangebots Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) im Behandlungsportfolio einer psychiatrischen Klinik.
Methode Entwicklung einer sachgerechten Kostenstrukturanalyse und deren betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung am Beispiel eines Behandlungszentrums für EKT.
Ergebnis Die aufwandgerechte Abbildung der Behandlungskosten für die EKT umfasst die krankenhausindividuellen Kosten für die EKT-Kernleistungen sowie allgemeine Kosten für die Betriebsbereitstellung einer Klinik.
Schlussfolgerung Dem höheren klinischen Stellenwert der EKT ist durch eine leistungsgerechte Vergütung gesundheitsökonomisch Rechnung zu tragen, damit die notwendige Leistungsausweitung eines hochwirksamen Therapieverfahrens unterstützt und gefördert werden kann. Eine krankenhausindividuelle Kalkulationsbasis ist Voraussetzung, um mit den Kostenträgern im leistungsorientierten Krankenhausbudget des PsychVVG ein kostendeckendes Zusatzentgelt für die EKT verhandeln zu können. Hierfür sind genaue Kenntnisse über die personellen, strukturellen und organisatorischen Bedingungen des Krankenhauses notwendig.
Klinische Tests zur Beschwerdenvalidierung
Authors: Widder Bernhard 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungBeschwerdenvalidierung ist sowohl im klinischen Kontext als auch bei Begutachtungen von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Werden bei einer Untersuchung
neurologische Symptome demonstriert und/oder Schmerzen geklagt, die nicht oder nicht vollständig durch eine zugrunde liegende Erkrankung
erklärbar sind, gilt es eine mögliche psychische Verursachung zuverlässig zu erkennen, um weitere unnötige Untersuchungen zu vermeiden. Bei
Begutachtungen ist zusätzlich in einem weiteren Schritt eine Vortäuschung oder Aggravation der Beschwerden zur Erlangung finanzieller
Vorteile zu differenzieren. Die vorliegende Übersicht enthält eine Zusammenstellung der für den Neurologen und Psychiater wichtigsten
klinischen Beobachtungen und Tests zur Beschwerdenvalidierung bei sensomotorischen Symptomen, Tremor, Gang-, Gleichgewichts- und
Sehstörungen sowie geklagten Schmerzen.
Invasive Pituitary Adenoma-Derived Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Tumor Progression both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Lv Liang , Zhang Shizhen , Hu Yu , Zhou Peizhi , Gao Ling , Wang Mengmeng , Sun Zhen , Chen Cheng , Yin Senlin , Wang Xiujie , Jiang Shu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTumor-associated fibroblasts are the most abundant population in tumor stroma and impact on tumor initiation and progression. However, the biological function of tumor-associated fibroblasts in pituitary adenomas has not been fully elucidated to date. So, this study aims to clarify the function and significance of primary cultured pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts on rat pituitary adenoma cells. We identified primary cultured tumor-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts based on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin as well as morphology. Furthermore, we investigated cell biological influences on rat pituitary adenoma cells through indirectly co-culturing tumor-associated fibroblasts with GH3 cells and subcutaneous xenograft model. All sorts of fibroblasts showed positive staining for α-smooth muscle actin. But α-smooth muscle actin and vascular endothelial growth factor highly expressed in invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts compared to non-invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts. Besides, invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts promoted the proliferation of GH3 cells in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Finally, vascular endothelial growth factor was highly expressed in tumor specimens co-injected with invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts. Our results suggested that invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts displayed apparent growth promotion effects on rat pituitary cells both in vitro and in vivo accompanied by over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in invasive pituitary adenoma-derived tumor-associated fibroblasts and tumor specimens.
Die Dämmerung der Neuzeit: Giovanni Boccaccios „Das Dekameron“ und die Tradition des genetischen Verstehens
Authors: Wigand Moritz Eric , Söhner Felicitas Petra , Jäger Markus , Becker Thomas , Wiegand Hauke Felix 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungBoccaccios „Das Dekameron“ ist ein Werk, das im ausgehenden Mittelalter entstand, aber bereits neuzeitliche Ideen zum Menschen als Individuum enthält. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kontroverse um den Einfluss der Neuzeit auf Psyche und Psychiatrie und auf das Konstrukt der Identität untersuchen wir „Das Dekameron“ hermeneutisch mit einem Fokus auf Beschreibungen einer Gesellschaft im Wandel, der Liebe (als Ausdruck des Individuums), von seelischem Leiden und der Rolle therapeutischen Handelns. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es bei Boccaccio ein Interesse an intrapsychischen Vorgängen als Ausdruck der frühen Neuzeit gibt. Dies wird in Bezug auf Karl Jaspers‘ Ansatz des genetischen Verstehens diskutiert.