bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchiolitis Score of Sant Joan de Déu: BROSJOD Score, validation and usefulness
Authors: Balaguer Mònica , Alejandre Carme , Vila David , Esteban Elisabeth , Carrasco Josep L. , Cambra Francisco José , Jordan Iolanda 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo validate the bronchiolitis score of Sant Joan de Déu (BROSJOD) and to examine the previously defined scoring cutoff. Patients and Methods: Prospective, observational study. BROSJOD scoring was done by two independent physicians (at admission, 24 and 48 hr). Internal consistency of the score was assessed using Cronbach's α. To determine inter‐rater reliability, the concordance correlation coefficient estimated as an intraclass correlation coefficient (CCC) and limits of agreement estimated as the 90% total deviation index (TDI) were estimated. An expert opinion was used to classify patients according to clinical severity. A validity analysis was conducted comparing the 3‐level classification score to that expert opinion. Volume under the surface (VUS), predictive values, and probability of correct classification (PCC) were measured to assess discriminant validity. Results: About 112 patients were recruited, 62 of them (55.4%) males. Median age: 52.5 days (IQR: 32.75–115.25). The admission Cronbach's α was 0.77 (CI95%: 0.71; 0.82) and at 24 hr it was 0.65 (CI95%: 0.48; 0.7). The inter‐rater reliability analysis was: CCC at admission 0.96 (95%CI 0.94–0.97), at 24 h 0.77 (95%CI 0.65–0.86), and at 48 hr 0.94 (95%CI 0.94–0.97); TDI 90%: 1.6, 2.9, and 1.57, respectively. The discriminant validity at admission: VUS of 0.8 (95%CI 0.70–0.90), at 24 h 0.92 (95%CI 0.85–0.99), and at 48 hr 0.93 (95%CI 0.87–0.99). The predictive values and PCC values were within 38–100% depending on the level of clinical severity. Conclusion: There is a high inter‐rater reliability, showing the BROSJOD score to be reliable and valid, even when different observers apply it. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:533–539. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uniform multicommodity flows in the hypercube with random edge‐capacities
Authors: McDiarmid Colin , Scott Alex , Withers Paul 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWe give two results for multicommodity flows in the d‐dimensional hypercube with independent random edge‐capacities distributed like a random variable C where . Firstly, with high probability as , the network can support simultaneous multicommodity flows of volume close to between all antipodal vertex pairs. Secondly, with high probability, the network can support simultaneous multicommodity flows of volume close to between all vertex pairs. Both results are best possible. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 437–463, 2017
Online Ramsey games for more than two colors
Authors: Noever Andreas 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTConsider the following one‐player game played on an initially empty graph with n vertices. At each stage a randomly selected new edge is added and the player must immediately color the edge with one of r available colors. Her objective is to color as many edges as possible without creating a monochromatic copy of a fixed graph F. We use container and sparse regularity techniques to prove a tight upper bound on the typical duration of this game with an arbitrary, but fixed, number of colors for a family of 2‐balanced graphs. The bound confirms a conjecture of Marciniszyn, Spöhel and Steger and yields the first tight result for online graph avoidance games with more than two colors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 464–492, 2017
Impurity‐Induced Electrocatalysis: Unpredicted Enhancement Effect of Ammonia Impurity Towards Formic Acid Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: El‐Nagar Gumaa A. , Roth Christina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study addresses a noteworthy unexpected enhancement of the direct oxidation pathway of formic acid (FA) to CO2 at Pt nanoparticle‐modified GC (nano‐Pt/GC) electrode in the presence of ppm amounts of ammonia associated with suppressing the poisoning dehydration pathway of FA to CO, for the first time. This is reflected by a significant increase of the current intensity of the direct oxidation peak (Ipd) simultaneously with a significant decrease of the indirect oxidation peak current (Ipind) in the presence of a minute amount of ammonia compared to that observed in its absence. For instance, the ratio Ipd/Ipind increases from 0.2 in the absence of ammonia to 9.5 in the presence of 30 ppm of ammonia (i. e., 45 times higher) indicating that the direct pathway became the dominant oxidation pathway in the presence of ammonia. Ammonia is believed to favor the direct formic acid oxidation (FAO) to CO2 as it impedes the formation of CO by disturbing the geometry of Pt sites, which is necessary for CO adsorption as evident from CO stripping experiment (i. e., prevents non‐Faradic dissociation of FA). Additionally, it might induce the CH‐down adsorption orientation of FA thus favoring FAO directly to CO2 as evident from DFT calculations.
Chlorinated 2‐hydroxynaphthalenoxazolines: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanism and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Barbeiro Cristiane S. , Vasconcelos Stanley N. S. , Zukerman‐Schpector Júlio , Caracelli Ignez , Pimenta Daniel C. , Rodrigues Ana Clara B. , Fernandes André S. , Correra Thiago C. , Bastos Erick L. , Stefani Hélio A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA chlorinated 2‐HNO (2‐hydroxynaphthalenoxazoline) was synthesized by an ultrasound‐assisted coupling reaction between 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid and L‐threonine followed by simultaneous halogenation and cyclization with inversion of configuration using excess SOCl2. Further functionalization of 2‐HNO led to a small library of slightly fluorescent amides or esters in 55–81 % yields. Quantum chemical calculations combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometry analysis were used to rationalize the mechanism of reaction, and the formation of SCl3+ as an electrophile is proposed.
Regulation of Injury-Induced Ovarian Regeneration by Activation of Oogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Erler Piril , Sweeney Alexandra , Monaghan James R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Some animals have the ability to generate large numbers of oocytes throughout life. This raises the question whether persistent adult germline stem cell populations drive continuous oogenesis and whether they are capable of mounting a regenerative response after injury. Here we demonstrate the presence of adult oogonial stem cells (OSCs) in the adult axolotl salamander ovary and show that ovarian injury induces OSC activation and functional regeneration of the ovaries to reproductive capability. Cells that have morphological similarities to germ cells were identified in the developing and adult ovaries via histological analysis. Genes involved in germ cell maintenance including Vasa, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Bmp15, Piwil1, Piwil2, Dazl, and Lhx8 were expressed in the presumptive OSCs. Colocalization of Vasa protein with H3 mitotic marker showed that both oogonial and spermatogonial adult stem cells were mitotically active. Providing evidence of stemness and viability of adult OSCs, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) adult OSCs grafted into white juvenile host gonads gave rise to EGFP OSCs, and oocytes. Last, the axolotl ovaries completely regenerated after partial ovariectomy injury. During regeneration, OSC activation resulted in rapid differentiation into new oocytes, which was demonstrated by Vasa+/BrdU+ coexpression. Furthermore, follicle cell proliferation promoted follicle maturation during ovarian regeneration. Overall, these results show that adult oogenesis occurs via proliferation of endogenous OSCs in a tetrapod and mediates ovarian regeneration. This study lays the foundations to elucidate mechanisms of ovarian regeneration that will assist regenerative medicine in treating premature ovarian failure and reduced fertility.
Examining the Paths from Export Strategic Orientations to Export Performance: The Mediating Role of Export Resource Transformation Capability
Authors: Boso Nathaniel , Annan Jonathan , Adeleye Ifedapo , Iheanachor Nkemdilim , Narteh Bedman 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExport strategic orientation research suggests that export entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) directly affect export performance. Based on the dynamic capability theory, this study hypothesizes that export resource transformation capability is an intervening factor that helps explain how EO and MO, individually and jointly, impact export performance. Using archival and survey data from small and medium‐sized exporters in the United Kingdom and Nigeria, the study finds that export resource transformation capability partially mediates the individual effects of EO and MO on export performance in both samples. Results further show that export resource transformation capability does not mediate the joint effect of EO and MO on export performance. The findings help provide a more complete understanding of how export strategic orientations might be related to export performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Safe Distance on Long‐Term Outcome After Surgical Therapy of Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Hillenbrand Andreas , Gruener Beate , Kratzer Wolfgang , Kern Peter , Graeter Tilmann , Barth Thomas F. , Buttenschoen Klaus , Henne‐Bruns Doris 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionIn humans, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a serious helminthic disease. Additionally to a long‐term medical treatment, in all suitable cases a complete surgical resection with a 20‐mm safe distance (minimal distance of larval tissue to resection margin) is recommended. We analyzed the influence of the safe distance and the effect of the postoperative anthelmintic prophylaxis on the long‐term outcome of patients who underwent surgery with curative intent.ObjectiveNinety‐two operated patients were evaluated regarding the safe distance, the duration of medical therapy with benzimidazole derivates, and the further course of AE.ResultsMedian follow‐up after surgical procedure was 8.3 years. Twelve patients had a safe distance of 20 mm or more, 16 patients between 10 and 19 mm, 21 patients between 1 and 10 mm, and 10 patients 1 mm. In a further 33 patients, the affected liver was resected without any safe distance. Recurrence of AE was seen in 15 patients between 4 months and 24 years after initial operation. Safe distances of patients with recurrent disease were: 13 × no safe distance, one patient with 1‐mm and one patient with 13‐mm safe distance. In all patients except one with recurrent AE, postoperative therapy with benzimidazole derivates was stopped.ConclusionA safe distance of at least 1 mm in combination with medical anthelmintic treatment continuing for two years might offer a good chance of being disease‐free long term, but the exact period of medical treatment needed is not defined. The therapy regime should be determined through an interdisciplinary approach in specialized centers.
Methylophilaceae and Hyphomicrobium as target taxonomic groups in monitoring the function of methanol-fed denitrification biofilters in municipal wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Rissanen Antti J , Ojala Anne , Fred Tommi , Toivonen Jyrki , Tiirola Marja 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Molecular monitoring of bacterial communities can explain and predict the stability of bioprocesses in varying physicochemical conditions. To study methanol-fed denitrification biofilters of municipal wastewater treatment plants, bacterial communities of two full-scale biofilters were compared through fingerprinting and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting was used for 10-week temporal monitoring of the bacterial community in one of the biofilters. Combining the data with previous study results, the family Methylophilaceae and genus Hyphomicrobium were determined as suitable target groups for monitoring. An increase in the relative abundance of Hyphomicrobium-related biomarkers occurred simultaneously with increases in water flow, NOx − load, and methanol addition, as well as a higher denitrification rate, although the dominating biomarkers linked to Methylophilaceae showed an opposite pattern. The results indicate that during increased loading, stability of the bioprocess is maintained by selection of more efficient denitrifier populations, and this progress can be analyzed using simple molecular fingerprinting.
Investigation of the physicochemical and biological properties of proline‐based surfactants in single and mixed surfactant systems
Authors: Joondan Nausheen , Caumul Prakashanand , Jhaumeer‐Laulloo Sabina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA series of surfactants derived from l‐Proline, the free amine esters, the ester hydrochlorides and the quaternary ammonium compounds with varying chain lengths (C8–C14) were synthesised. The physicochemical and biological properties were determined in both single and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) mixed systems with a view of enhancing the properties of the individual surfactants as potential ingredients in detergent formulations. The mode of action of the proline surfactants were investigated by their ability to form mixed micelles with the phospholipid 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylcholine (DMPC). The presence of a quaternary ammonium moiety and an increase in alkyl chain length were found to enhance the antibacterial activity of the proline QUAT derivatives. The SDS‐C14 QUAT mixed system displayed good antibacterial activity with optimum activity at mole fractions αQUAT: 0.4 and 0.6. The antibacterial activity of the mixed system was found to be governed by the monomers rather than the micelles. The SDS‐C14 QUAT mixed system also showed moderate irritancy which makes them potential candidates as detergents.
Role of Groundwater Protection Planning in Groundwater Governance: A Case Study from North India
Authors: Singhal D. C. , Sharma V. K. , Tungaria Manish 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
In the present case study, impact of urbanization and industrial development on the shallow groundwater regime of Saharanpur town of Uttar Pradesh in India is examined with the aim of planning groundwater protection for better governance. The hazardous physicochemical and bacteriological parameters and heavy metals detected in the shallow aquifer include harmful pathogens like fecal coliforms, heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, nitrates and sulphates. An assessment of ground water vulnerability using the well known DRASTIC method has confirmed that the shallow groundwater in some central and southern localities of Saharanpur town fall in the medium risk zones. Further, using field data of 32 electrical resistivity soundings, the protective capacity of the unconfined aquifer is assessed in terms of a ‘total longitudinal conductance’ of the semi-pervious to impervious sediments overlying the unconfined aquifer. However, some areas aligned along a northwest-southeast and in the western parts of the town seem to have relatively higher protective capacity against infiltrating waste pollutants. A ground water protection planning map prepared by combining the DRASTIC map and the ‘potentially hazardous pollutants’ map has brought out the need to install eleven new groundwater quality monitoring wells in the town at locations near the line sources and point sources of pollution. This approach can be readily employed by the decision makers in framing sound guidelines for groundwater protection and governance.
Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zone Using Remote Sensing, GIS and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Techniques
Authors: Jhariya D. C. , Kumar Tarun , Gobinath M. , Diwan Prabhat , Kishore Nawal 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
The sustainable development and management of groundwater resource needs quantitative assessment, based on scientific principle and recent techniques. In the present study, groundwater potential zone is being determined using remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques using various thematic layers viz. geomorphology, geology, drainage density, slope, rainfall, soil texture, groundwater depth, soil depth, lineament and land use/land cover. The Analytic Hierarchy Approach (AHP) is used to determine the weights of various themes for identifying the groundwater potential zone based on weights assignment and normalization with respect to the relative contribution of the different themes to groundwater occurrence. Finally, obtained groundwater potential zones were classified into five categories, viz. low, medium, medium-high, high and very high potential zone. The result depicts the groundwater potential zone in the study area and found to be helpful in better development and management planning of groundwater resource.
A Comparative Performance of Least-Square Method and Very Fast Simulated Annealing Global Optimization Method for Interpretation of Self-Potential Anomaly over 2-D Inclined Sheet Type Structure
Authors: Biswas Arkoprovo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Inversion of self-potential anomaly for 2-D inclined sheets of infinite horizontal extent has been studied. Least-square inversion and very fast simulated annealing global optimization has been used to model the five parameters of self potential anomaly. The method of least square and very fast simulated annealing global optimization method is compared and analyzed. Very fast simulated annealing can model the noisy and field data of self potential anomaly very precisely than linear inversion technique. However, time taken by very fast simulated annealing inversion is larger than linearized inversion. The comparative analysis has been done on synthetic data (noise free and noisy) and two field data from Bavarian woods anomaly, Germany and Surda anomaly, India to show the efficacy of both the methods. The estimated parameters were compared with those from previous studies using various global optimization algorithms, mainly neural network, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization on the same field data sets. It can be concluded that the global optimization algorithms considered in this study were able to yield compatible solutions with those from least-square methods. The present global optimization method is in good agreement with the other global optimization methods in terms of results and computation time.
Assessment of Textural Variational Pattern and Electrical Conduction of Economic and Accessible Quaternary Hydrolithofacies via Geoelectric and Laboratory Methods in SE Nigeria: A Case Study of Select Locations in Akwa Ibom State
Authors: George Nyakno J. , Akpan Anthony E. , Ekanem Aniekan M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Textural variational pattern of economic and accessible Quaternary aquifer repositories and its conductivity in the south-eastern Nigeria have been assessed through the integration of vertical electrical sounding and laboratory measurements. The results have shown the lithological attributes, pore-water and amount of residual clay minerals in the assumed clean sand; mechanism of charge fixation at the fluid - surface interface; intricate geometry of pores and pore channels; formation’s ability to transmit pore-water and cation exchange capacity.The connections of electrical and hydraulic properties and their distributions have been established. The average interface conductivity contributed by residual clay minerals in assumed clean sands of the aquifer repositories in the study area have been estimated as 30μS/m. Intrinsic average porosity and formation factor have been respectively deduced as 12% and 14.75. Comparing the simulated aquifer formation factor obtained from the observed porosity data with the observed aquifer formation factor, indicates the that study area has 0.5 ≤ a ≤ 0.8 pore geometry factor and 1.5 ≤ m ≤ 2.0 cementation factor as the best fitting values. The interrelations between aquifer parameters have been established through different plots and the aquifer have been empirically proved to be associated with residual clay minerals as the interface conductivity Cq is not equal to zero. The wide ranges of parameters estimated are an indication of variations in grain size. The estimated intrinsic average porosity, formation factor and the average BQv are viable in characterizing the aquifer flow dynamics and contaminant modelling in the associated aquifer sands For low pore geometry factors a (0.2) and low cementation factor m (0.5) the formation factor remains fairly constant. However, marked variability is noticed at higher a (1.0) and m (2.5). Despite the observed variability in formation factors at the indicated porosities, the spatial or geometrical spread of the formation factor remains unchanged in the aquifer units. The Tables for geoelectric and petrophysical parameters and the associated mathematical models generated in this study can be used for groundwater contaminant modelling and simulation of pore space parameters with reasonable accuracy.
Determining Criteria to Evaluate Outcomes of Businesses’ Provision of Remedy: Applying a Human Rights-Based Approach
Authors: THOMPSON Benjamin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (GPs) expect businesses to participate in operational-level, non-judicial mechanisms to address the grievances of communities affected by their activities. While there is guidance on operational-level grievance mechanisms as to what constitutes an effective process, inquiries into the effectiveness of outcomes have been met with less success. This article identifies three key incongruities within the GPs regarding effective outcomes: (1) the broader interpretation of remedy within the Remedy Pillar compared to the Respect Pillar; (2) the novelty of enforcing human rights through dialogue and engagement as opposed to adjudication; and (3) the difficulty in reconciling objective human rights standards with the subjective preferences of the parties. It then aims to resolve these issues by applying a human rights-based approach: examining how empowerment of communities can act as the founding basis for understanding whether an outcome is effective. It concludes by examining the working of the Porgera Mine mechanism from this perspective.
A 5 year retrospective study of emergency department use in Northwest Ontario: a measure of mental health and addictions needs
Authors: Matsumoto Cai-lei , O’Driscoll Terry , Lawrance Jennifer , Jakubow Andre , Madden Sharen , Kelly Len 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to understand the five-year trend in total emergency department (ED) visits, frequency of use, and diagnoses and disposition of patients. Since the region has experienced a profound increase in opioid use disorder since 2009, we were particularly interested in changes in the volume of mental health and addiction (MHA) ED presentations.MethodsRetrospective aggregate data analysis of ED visits to the Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre 2010-2014.ResultsED visit volume increased 29% over the five-year study period, while MHA ED visits increased 73%. The admission rate remained stable at 6.9% of ED visits. Five-year trends in clinically grouped diagnostic categories identified respiratory, MHA, and abdominal/pelvic complaints as the three most common ED presentations. In 2014, MHA presentations accounted for 10.3% of ED visits, 8.7% of admissions, and 20.0% of inter-hospital transfers.ConclusionThe dramatic increase in MHA ED visits mirrors the opioid epidemic the region is experiencing. MHA may soon become the commonest ED presentation. If reasons for ED visits serve as a proxy for unmet outpatient needs, increased efforts at developing community MHA services and addressing the related social determinants of health are required.