bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left to Other Peoples’ Devices? A Political Economy Perspective on the Big Data Revolution in Development
Authors: Mann Laura 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis article brings a political economy perspective to the field of Data for Development (D4D). It highlights the fact that many projects involve extracting data from African‐based organizations for expert analysis in advanced economies. This extraction is justified on the basis that it is being used for humanitarian purposes. Key actors including the UN Global Pulse and World Economic Forum have lobbied for a governance framework emphasizing greater emission, personalization and centralization of data. The article shows how this approach enables the strategies of multinational corporations which are aiming to become data custodians of Africa's emerging economies. Little attention has been paid to the geographical distribution of capacity building nor to the ways in which data‐driven restructuring may alter existing livelihoods. As African economies become increasingly ‘digital’, data will become a source of power in economic governance. Current frameworks amount to a kind of industrial policy that supports the learning and innovation of foreign firms. The article aims to move D4D away from the focus on humanitarianism towards economic development, considering the opportunities for African citizens to benefit from their data as a source of revenue, knowledge and power. The conclusion suggests lines of inquiry for taking research further.
High‐resolution melting analysis allows rapid and accurate differentiation of the three Melampsoridium species occurring on Alnus
Authors: Tuomivirta T. T. , Hantula J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAlder (Alnus) leaves can be infected by three species of Melampsoridium rust: M. alni, M. betulinum and M. hiratsukanum. The latter is an invasive species in Europe that can be differentiated from the other two on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. This study presents a rapid, one‐step, closed‐tube and inexpensive method to differentiate species of Melampsoridium using two primer sets and high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis of alder leaf material.
Parent–Child Relationships and Adolescents' Life Satisfaction Across the First Decade of the New Millennium
Authors: Jiménez‐Iglesias Antonia , García‐Moya Irene , Moreno Carmen 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo examine whether changes occurred in parent–child relationships (maternal and paternal affection, ease of communication with the mother and father, maternal and paternal knowledge, and family activities) between 2002 and 2010 in boys and girls and to examine the contributions of these family dimensions to life satisfaction.BackgroundAlthough parent–child relationships may be affected by social change, there are few investigations of change in parent–child relationships over time.MethodThe sample consisted of 46,593 adolescents between 11 to 18 years of age who participated in the 2002, 2006, or 2010 editions of the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study in Spain. Trend analysis including univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and factorial ANOVAs were conducted separately for boys and girls, and effect size tests were calculated.ResultsCommunication with fathers and family activities statistically increased across HBSC editions and parent–child relationships were positively associated with life satisfaction across the examined period.ConclusionThere were small positive changes in some family dimensions, and some of them were increasingly important for adolescent life satisfaction over time.ImplicationsInterventions for strengthening parent–child relationships and promoting adolescent well‐being should include mothers and fathers and emphasize affection, communication, and family activities.
Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment–Revised Scores in Adolescents: A Psychometric and Person‐Oriented Study
Authors: Andretta James R. , McKay Michael T. , Harvey Séamus A. , Perry John L. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveIdentify perceived parental security profiles and examine differences across profiles with regard to self‐esteem and three domains of self‐efficacy (i.e., social, emotional, and academic).BackgroundThe Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment–Revised (IPPA‐R) is an index of the quality of communication, feelings of trust, and degree of alienation that adolescents and young adults perceive in their parental and peer relationships. However, the factor structure of IPPA‐R scores has yet to be examined in adolescents, and no study to date has included a person‐oriented analysis using the assessment tool.MethodConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were planned to examine the structural validity of IPPA‐R scores in a large sample of adolescents (N = 1,126; 61% male, 12–16 years of age). Model‐based clustering was employed to enumerate perceived parental security profiles, and Cohen's d effect sizes were used to interpret profile differences in outcomes.ResultsCFA (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA = .06, comparative fit index, CFI = .90) and ESEM (RMSEA = .04, CFI = .95) substantiated the proposed three‐factor structure for IPPA‐R parent (but not peer) scores. Model‐based clustering led to the identification of five perceived parental security profiles: (a) high security, (b) moderately high security, (c) average security, (d) moderately low security, and (e) low security. Adolescents with high security and low security profiles, respectively, reported the highest and lowest levels of self‐esteem and self‐efficacy (0.48 ≤ Cohen's d ≤ 1.67).ConclusionIPPA‐R parent, but not peer, scores appear to be a valid index of perceived parental security in adolescents. Perceived parental security profiles are strongly associated with self‐concept.ImplicationsA student's self‐confidence in his or her ability to manage emotions and cope with the academic demands of school is explained, in part, by perceived parental security. Therefore, interventions designed to develop feelings of trust and closeness with parents, as well as lines of communication, might result in improvements in how adolescents perceive their emotional and academic aptitude.
Legacies, lags and long‐term trends: Effective flow restoration in a changed and changing world
Authors: Thompson Ross M. , King Alison J. , Kingsford Richard M. , Mac Nally Ralph , Poff N. LeRoy 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Human impacts on natural ecosystems are pervasive and will play out more severely as human populations and per capita resource use increase. Freshwater ecosystems are critical for human well‐being and experience a diverse range of human‐induced pressures. Most river systems throughout the world have much‐altered flow regimes.

The Murray–Darling Basin in southeastern Australian has been the focus of an extensive water reform process to address the over‐allocation of water for human uses. This has included many scientific investigations, hydrological modelling and the development of institutional and market structures to reallocate water. Substantial recovery of water has been achieved, which has been used to restore aspects of the natural flow regime.

We reviewed recent papers on responses to flow restoration in the Murray–Darling Basin and complemented this with inferences from the global literature. Ecological responses to flow restoration are often inconsistent, site and taxon specific and difficult to detect.

By combining ideas from mainstream thinking in restoration ecology with the insights from our review, we propose a conceptual model for understanding responses to flow restoration. This model incorporates key factors that influence the size of ecological responses to restoration, including existing ecological condition, legacy impacts of past change, interactions with other variables, life‐history traits of taxa and broad‐scale and long‐term trends due to climate or land‐use change.
Structural Co‐Variance Patterns in Migraine: A Cross‐Sectional Study Exploring the Role of the Hippocampus
Authors: Chong Catherine D. , Dumkrieger Gina M. , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo interrogate hippocampal morphology and structural co‐variance patterns in migraine patients and to investigate whether structural co‐variance patterns relate to migraine disease characteristics.BackgroundMigraine is associated with structural alterations in widespread cortical and subcortical regions associated with the sensory, cognitive, and affective components of pain processing. Recent studies have shown that migraine patients have differences in hippocampal structure and function relative to healthy control subjects, but whether hippocampal structure relates to disease characteristics including frequency of attacks, years lived with migraine and symptoms of allodynia remains unknown. Furthermore, this study investigated hippocampal volume co‐variance patterns in migraineurs, an indirect measure of brain network connectivity. Here, we explore differences in hippocampal volume and structural co‐variance patterns in migraine patients relative to healthy controls and examine whether these hippocampal measures relate to migraine disease burden.MethodsThis study included 61 migraine patients and 57 healthy control subjects (healthy controls: median age = 34.0, IQR = 19.0; migraine patients: median age = 35.0, IQR = 17.5; P = .65). Regional brain volumes were automatically calculated using FreeSurfer version 5.3. Symptoms of allodynia were determined using the Allodynia Symptom Checklist 12 (ASC‐12). Structural co‐variance patterns were interrogated using pairwise correlations and group differences in correlation strength were estimated using Euclidian distance. A stepwise regression was used to investigate the relationship between structural co‐variance patterns with migraine burden.ResultsMigraine patients had less left hippocampal volume (healthy controls: left hippocampal volume = 4276.8 mm3, SD = 425.3 mm3, migraine patients: left hippocampal volume = 4089.5 mm3, SD = 453.9 mm3, P = .02) and less total (right plus left) hippocampal volume (healthy controls: total hippocampal volume= 8690.8 mm3, SD = 855.1 mm3; migraine patients: total hippocampal volume = 8341.8 mm3, SD = 917.9 mm3; P = .03) compared to healthy controls. Migraineurs had stronger structural covariance between the hippocampi and cortico‐limbic regions in the frontal lobe (inferior opercular gyrus), temporal lobe (planum temporale, amygdala), parietal lobe (angular gyrus, precuneus), and the cerebellar white matter. Results of a stepwise regression showed that hippocampal volumes and the interactions between hippocampal volumes with the volumes of other cortico‐limbic regions associate with migraine‐related allodynia but not with headache frequency or years lived with migraine.ConclusionMigraineurs have less hippocampal volume and stronger hippocampal‐cortico‐limbic connectivity compared to healthy controls. Hippocampal volumes and measures of hippocampal volume connectivity with other cortico‐limbic network regions associate with symptoms of allodynia.
Benefits and extent of CAM use among persons living with HIV attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic in Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Ahwinahwi Ufuoma S , Odili Valentine U , Ogubere Jeremiah 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this study was to assess the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies among patients on anti-retroviral therapies as well as the possible reasons for their use.

Method
This cross-sectional survey was conducted with the aid of an interviewer-administered questionnaire on HIV-positive patients attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic (Heart-to-Heart centre) of the Central Hospital, Warri, Nigeria. Patients who were 18 years and over were included after a brief introductory talk on the nature of the study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.

Key findings
One hundred and thirty-five patients participated in the study, 50 (37%) patients used one form of CAM. Of the patients who used CAM, 17 (34.0%) patients used herbal medicines; eight (16.0%) patients used spirituality, and 25 (50.0%) nutritional supplements. The CAM methods used by the patients were for the treatment of discomforts related to antiretroviral therapy (ART), eight (16.0%); the treatment of medical conditions not related to ART, 13 (26.0%), boosting the immune system, 25 (50%) among other reasons. The study revealed that a higher percentage of HIV-infected patients (76.0%) did not disclose their use of CAM to their healthcare providers.

Conclusion
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy has proved to be very effective in the management of patients with HIV, CAMs are still much in use.
Influence of dutasteride treatment on serum hormone levels and aging male symptoms in patients with benign prostatic enlargement
Authors: Maeda Takahiro , Kikuchi Eiji , Hasegawa Masanori , Homma Keiko , Ando Toshiyuki , Suzuki Kenjiro , Kaneko Gou , Mizuno Ryuichi , Miyajima Akira , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo clarify the effects of dutasteride on serum hormone levels and aging male symptoms in patients with benign prostatic enlargement.MethodsThe present prospective study was carried out in 110 symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement patients treated with daily administration of 0.5 mg dutasteride. We analyzed serum hormonal levels and aging related symptoms using a validated Aging Male Symptom questionnaire at baseline and after 3 months of dutasteride treatment.ResultsThe mean total testosterone, free testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels after dutasteride treatment were approximately 20% higher than those at baseline. The percentage increases in total and free testosterone levels were negatively correlated with these baseline levels. Baseline age, levels of total testosterone and free testosterone, and the changes in the rate of luteinizing hormone after dutasteride treatment tended to be correlated with an increase in the rate of total testosterone and free testosterone after dutasteride treatment. In a subgroup of 26 patients with moderate‐to‐severe aging male symptoms, poor morning erection and free testosterone levels <8.5 pg/mL, total aging male symptoms, and somatic symptoms scores significantly decreased after dutasteride treatment with an increase of total and free testosterone.ConclusionsThe increase of endogenous free testosterone and total testosterone by dutasteride might bring additional benefits of improvement of aging male‐related symptoms, especially in patients with lower free testosterone baseline levels and moderate‐to‐poor aging‐related symptoms.
Extrusion of highly porous silicon nitride ceramics with bimodal pore structure and improved gas permeability
Authors: Jiang Guang‐Peng , Yang Jian‐Feng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHighly porous Si3N4 ceramics with bimodal pore structure were prepared by the extrusion processing with petroleum coke of 30 μm as pore‐maker. The microstructure, mechanical strength, and gas permeability were investigated. The microstructure with petroleum coke contained not only numerous fine pores by interlocking the high aspect ratio β‐Si3N4 grains, but also some large pores of 15‐25 μm left by the burnout of petroleum coke. The resultant samples obtained an improved gas permeability of 1.2 × 10−12 m2, which is approximately two times that of samples without petroleum coke addition. Furthermore, the mechanical strength is still superior even at a porosity of 67% in comparison with the other porous ceramics used in the current diesel particulate filter.
Social anxiety and parental overprotection in young adults with and without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hemm Cahley , Dagnan Dave , Meyer Thomas D. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesDevelopmental literature highlights peer relationships and parental overprotection as factors implicated in the development of social anxiety. These factors are highly prevalent in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities; however research has not examined whether these factors are associated with social anxiety for this population.MethodsTwenty‐one individuals without intellectual disabilities and 21 individuals with intellectual disabilities (aged 16–24 years) completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents with follow‐up questions, the Glasgow Anxiety Scale‐Intellectual disabilities and the parental overprotection subscale of the Parental Bonding Instrument with follow‐up questions.ResultsAspects of general and social anxiety were significantly greater in the intellectual disabilities group. There were no significant differences in parental overprotection between groups, however, qualitative analyses revealed differences in experiences of social anxiety and parental overprotection.ConclusionsFurther research into factors associated with social anxiety in people with intellectual disabilities may inform adaptations to therapies and early intervention.
Patterns of sport participation for youth with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Ryan Stephanie , Fraser‐Thomas Jessica , Weiss Jonathan 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about sport participation in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The current study examined sport characteristics (frequency, diversity, positive social experiences [PSE]) for youth with ASD and intellectual disability compared to youth with intellectual disability alone and explored the personal and contextual correlates of involvement.MethodParents (N = 409) completed an online survey, and multiple mediation analyses were used to examine the factors that explained the relationships between sport involvement in youth with ASD and intellectual disability.ResultsNo significant main effects of ASD status were found for frequency or diversity, but youth with intellectual disability alone had higher scores for PSE compared to youth with ASD and intellectual disability. Sociocommunicative abilities, coach relationship and resources mediated the relationship between ASD status and PSE.ConclusionsA better understanding of the factors related to sport is essential for allowing families, service providers and policy makers to improve involvement for youth with ASD.
Oxidative stress induces imbalance of adipogenic/osteoblastic lineage commitment in mesenchymal stem cells through decreasing SIRT1 functions
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hua , Li Nan‐Ting , Cheng Hui‐Shan , Yen Men‐Luh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith rapidly ageing populations worldwide, the incidence of osteoporosis has reached epidemic proportions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by‐product of oxidative stress and ageing, has been thought to induce osteoporosis by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, specific mechanisms of how ROS results in alterations on MSC differentiation capacity have been inconsistently reported. We found that H2O2, an ROS, simultaneously induced MSC lineage commitment towards adipogenesis and away from osteogenesis at the functional as well as transcriptional level. In addition, H2O2 decreased the activities of SIRT1, a histone deacetylase and longevity gene. By silencing and reconstituting SIRT1 in MSCs, we demonstrated that H2O2 exerted its disparate effects on adipogenic/osteoblastic lineage commitment mainly through modulating SIRT1 expression levels. Treatment with resveratrol, a SIRT1 agonist, can also reverse this ROS‐induced adipogenesis/osteogenesis lineage imbalance. Moreover, SIRT1 regulation of RUNX2 transcriptional activity was mediated through deacetylation of the ROS‐sensitive transcription factor FOXO3a. Taken together, our data implicate SIRT1 as playing a vital role in ROS‐directed lineage commitment of MSCs by modulating two lineages simultaneously. Our findings on the critical role of SIRT1 in ROS/age‐related perturbations of MSC differentiation capacity highlight this molecule as a target for maintenance of MSC stemness as well as a potential anabolic target in osteoporosis.
Hydroxychloroquine decreases human MSC‐derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro
Authors: Both Tim , van de Peppel H. Jeroen , Zillikens M. Carola , Koedam Marijke , van Leeuwen Johannes P. T. M. , van Hagen P. Martin , van Daele Paul L. A. , van der Eerden Bram C. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe recently showed that patients with primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) have significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared to healthy controls. The majority of those patients (69%) was using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which may have favourable effects on BMD. To study the direct effects of HCQ on human MSC‐derived osteoblast activity. Osteoblasts were cultured from human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Cultures were treated with different HCQ doses (control, 1 and 5 µg/ml). Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium measurements were performed to evaluate osteoblast differentiation and activity, respectively. Detailed microarray analysis was performed in 5 µg/ml HCQ‐treated cells and controls followed by qPCR validation. Additional cultures were performed using the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor simvastatin (SIM) to evaluate a potential mechanism of action. We showed that HCQ inhibits both MSC‐derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. Microarray analysis and additional PCR validation revealed a highly significant up‐regulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis, lysosomal and extracellular matrix pathways in the 5 µg/ml HCQ‐treated cells compared to controls. Besides, we demonstrated that 1 µM SIM also decreases MSC‐derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to controls. It appears that the positive effect of HCQ on BMD cannot be explained by a stimulating effect on the MSC‐derived osteoblast. The discrepancy between high BMD and decreased MSC‐derived osteoblast function due to HCQ treatment might be caused by systemic factors that stimulate bone formation and/or local factors that reduce bone resorption, which is lacking in cell cultures.
Expression of FK506‐binding protein 51 (FKBP51) in Mycosis fungoides
Authors: Mascolo M. , Romano M.F. , Ilardi G. , Romano S. , Baldo A. , Scalvenzi M. , Argenziano G. , Merolla F. , Russo D. , Varricchio S. , Pagliuca F. , Russo M. , Ciancia G. , De Rosa G. , Staibano S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundMycosis fungoides (MF) is the major subtype of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL). It usually has a prolonged indolent clinical course with a minority of cases acquiring a more aggressive biological profile and resistance to conventional therapies, partially attributed to the persistent activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway. In the last decade, several papers suggested an important role for the FK506‐binding protein 51 (FKBP51), an immunophilin initially cloned in lymphocytes, in the control of NF‐κB pathway in different types of human malignancies.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the possible value of FKBP51 expression as a new reliable marker of outcome in patients with MF.MethodsWe assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) FKBP51 expression in 44 patients with MF, representative of different stages of the disease. Immunohistochemical results were subsequently confirmed at mRNA level with quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a subset of enrolled patients. In addition, IHC and qPCR served to study the expression of some NF‐κB‐target genes, including the tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2).ResultsOur results show that FKBP51 was expressed in all evaluated cases, with the highest level of expression characterizing MFs with the worst prognosis. Moreover, a significant correlation subsisted between FKBP51 and TRAF2 IHC expression scores.ConclusionsWe hypothesize a role for FKBP51 as a prognostic marker for MF and suggest an involvement of this immunophilin in deregulated NF‐κB pathway of this CTCL.