bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When the moral tail wags the entrepreneurial dog: the historic case of Trumpet Records
Authors: Winstead Jack L. , Novicevic Milorad M. , Humphreys John H. , Popoola Ifeoluwa Tobi 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the congruencies and incongruences between the moral and entrepreneurial accountabilities of Lillian McMurry to provide insights for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. Ms McMurry was the entrepreneurial force behind the founding of Trumpet Records, a unique, Mississippi Delta Blues record label in the 1950s.

Design/methodology/approach
– The examination of this historical case study is grounded in the theoretical examination of the tensions between Lillian McMurry’s felt moral and entrepreneurial accountabilities. Using an analytical archival historical method, a narrative explanation of how these tensions influenced the success and, ultimately, the failure of Trumpet Records are developed.

Findings
– The accounting records highlighted a number of issues hampering the commercial profitability of Trumpet Records. Moreover, the archival and documentary sources examined also proved revealing as to conflicts between Ms McMurry’s personal character and mercantile determination as an entrepreneur.

Research limitations/implications
– The approach of using analytically structured historical narrative as a research strategy is but one method of explaining the tensions between the moral and entrepreneurial accountabilities of Lillian McMurry.

Practical implications
– The proponents of virtue ethics suggest that this Aristotelian personal character perspective is more fundamental than traditional, act-oriented consequentialist teleological and deontological ethical decision-making approaches. A perspective of moral accountability exceeding the norm of the obstructionist stance is required to maintain a sound balance between entrepreneurial accountability and moral accountability.

Originality/value
– This paper adopts a mercantile perspective, using the accounting and related business records of Trumpet Records, to examine the leadership characteristics of Lillian McMurry. Practical lessons learned for entrepreneurs facing the moral dilemma of competing accountabilities and advance questions to spur future research in this area are drawn.
Early entry, capabilities and shakeout in the US brewing industry
Authors: Walter Lynn A. , Edelman Linda F. , Hatten Keneth J. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine how early-entry and process-based capability development affected firm survival during shakeout in the US brewing industry between 1938 and 1980.Design/methodology/approach– Hazard analysis was conducted on US brewing industry data spanning 42 years from 1938 to 1980.Findings– Both early-entry and later capability developments enhance the probability of survival. In addition, firms which entered early were also more likely to be the firms who continually developed capabilities across the decades.Research limitations/implications– This study contributes to our understanding of shakeout in traditional, non-high-technology businesses. However, because it is a single industry study, the ability to the generalize findings to other industry contexts is limited.Practical implications– Early entry can determine survival in industries with stable products and low levels of technological change.Social implications– Policy-makers interested in competitive dynamics should take note of the historical conditions that lead to industry consolidation in traditional industries, which, while not as glamorous as the technology sector, provide the core of US industry.Originality/value– Historical firm characteristics can impact industry structure and firm survival for over a century.
Species‐rich semi‐natural grasslands have a higher resistance but a lower resilience than intensively managed agricultural grasslands in response to climate anomalies
Authors: De Keersmaecker Wanda , van Rooijen Nils , Lhermitte Stef , Tits Laurent , Schaminée Joop , Coppin Pol , Honnay Olivier , Somers Ben 
Published: December 2015

Summary

The stable delivery of ecosystem services provided by grasslands is strongly dependent on the stability of grassland ecosystem functions such as biomass production. Biomass production is in turn strongly affected by the frequency and intensity of climate extremes. The aim of this study is to evaluate to what extent species‐poor intensively managed agricultural grasslands can maintain their biomass productivity under climate anomalies, as compared to species‐rich, semi‐natural grasslands. Our hypothesis is that species richness stabilizes biomass production over time.

Biomass production stability was assessed in response to drought and temperature anomalies using 14 years of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), temperature and drought index time series. More specifically, vegetation resistance (i.e. the ability to withstand the climate anomaly) and resilience (i.e. the recovery rate) were derived using an auto‐regressive model with external input variables (ARx). The stability metrics for both grasslands were subsequently compared.

We found that semi‐natural grasslands exhibited a higher resistance but lower resilience than agricultural grasslands in the Netherlands. Furthermore, the difference in stability between semi‐natural and agricultural grasslands was dependent on the physical geography: the most significant differences in resistance were observed in coastal dunes and riverine areas, whereas the differences in resilience were the most significant in coastal dunes and fens.

Synthesis and applications. We conclude that semi‐natural grasslands show a higher resistance to drought and temperature anomalies compared to agricultural grasslands. These results underline the need to reassess the ways agricultural practices are performed. More specifically, increasing the plant species richness of agricultural grasslands and lowering their mowing and grazing frequency may contribute to buffer their biomass production stability against climate extremes.
Herbivore intoxication as a potential primary function of an inducible volatile plant signal
Authors: Veyrat Nathalie , Robert Christelle Aurélie Maud , Turlings Ted Christiaan Johannes , Erb Matthias 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPlants release herbivore‐induced volatiles (HIPVs), which can be used as cues by plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Theory predicts thatHIPVs may initially have evolved because of their direct benefits for the emitter and were subsequently adopted as infochemicals.Here, we investigated the potential direct benefits of indole, a majorHIPVconstituent of many plant species and a key defence priming signal in maize. We used indole‐deficient maize mutants and synthetic indole at physiologically relevant doses to document the impact of the volatile on the generalist herbivoreSpodoptera littoralis.Our experiments demonstrate that indole directly decreases food consumption, plant damage and survival ofS. littoraliscaterpillars. Surprisingly, exposure to volatile indole increased caterpillar growth. Furthermore, we show thatS. littoraliscaterpillars and adults consistently avoid indole‐producing plants in olfactometer experiments, feeding assays and oviposition trials.Synthesis. Together, these results provide a potential evolutionary trajectory by which the release of aHIPVas a direct defence precedes its use as a cue by herbivores and an alert signal by plants. Furthermore, our experiments show that the effects of a plant secondary metabolite on weight gain and food consumption can diverge in a counterintuitive manner, which implies that larval growth can be a poor proxy for herbivore fitness and plant resistance.
From the individual to the landscape and back: time‐varying effects of climate and herbivory on tree sapling growth at distribution limits
Authors: Herrero Asier , Almaraz Pablo , Zamora Regino , Castro Jorge , Hódar José A. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

As herbivory can modulate climate‐induced shifts in species distribution, disentangling the relative importance of herbivory and climate on plant growth can help to predict and manage future changes in vegetation, such as those occurring at treeline areas.

An individual‐based hierarchical Bayesian time‐series model (individual‐based model; IBM) was developed to estimate the time‐varying impact of climate and herbivory on individual pine sapling height growth in woodland and treeline ecosystems of southern Europe during a 16‐year period. The performance of the IBM was compared to a linear mixed‐effects (LME) model to test for potential inferential effects when individual variability is marginalized. Time‐varying models were also compared to constant parameter approaches.

Model fitting and posterior predictive checking suggests a better statistical performance of individual‐scale, time‐varying inference. LME modelling overestimated herbivory effects and underestimated environmental stochastic effects, and model validation indeed suggested severe overfitting in the LME model relative to the IBM strategy. These results reveal a potential failure of common aggregation strategies to correctly resolve the effects of climate and herbivory variability at the individual scale. Moreover, ignoring the time‐varying nature of the effects may preclude the correct estimation of the temporal scale of climate and herbivory impacts.

In general, we found stronger individual‐ and time‐averaged effects of summer precipitation relative to the effects of herbivory, particularly at the treelines. Also, individual pine responses showed effects of the same sign more consistently in the case of precipitation. This suggests that precipitation is more pervasive at the population level, while herbivory act as a spatially aggregating force through individual‐level damage.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that accounting for individual and temporal variability in ecological inference greatly improves the assessment of the relative importance of climate and herbivory on species distribution shifts. Strong effects of precipitation at the treeline could allow tree upward expansion, although increasing ungulate populations and associated browsing damages might limit positive climatic responses of pine saplings in the near future. In this context, the spatially heterogeneous effect exerted by herbivory could result in diverse vegetation structures in ecotones, adding a new dimension to the predictions on climate‐driven vegetation shifts.
Quantitative fetal fibronectin testing in combination with cervical length measurement in the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in symptomatic women
Authors: Bruijn MMC , Vis JY , Wilms FF , Oudijk MA , Kwee A , Porath MM , Oei G , Scheepers HCJ , Spaanderman MEA , Bloemenkamp KWM , Haak MC , Bolte AC , Vandenbussche FPHA , Woiski MD , Bax CJ , Cornette JMJ , Duvekot JJ , Nij Bijvanck BWA , van Eyck J , Franssen MTM , Sollie KM , van der Post JAM , Bossuyt PMM , Opmeer BC , Kok M , Mol BWJ , van Baaren G‐J 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether in symptomatic women, the combination of quantitative fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing and cervical length (CL) improves the prediction of preterm delivery (PTD) within 7 days compared with qualitative fFN and CL.DesignPost hoc analysis of frozen fFN samples of a nationwide cohort study.SettingTen perinatal centres in the Netherlands.PopulationSymptomatic women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation.MethodsThe risk of PTD <7 days was estimated in predefined CL and fFN strata. We used logistic regression to develop a model including quantitative fFN and CL, and one including qualitative fFN (threshold 50 ng/ml) and CL. We compared the models’ capacity to identify women at low risk (<5%) for delivery within 7 days using a reclassification table.Main outcome measuresSpontaneous delivery within 7 days after study entry.ResultsWe studied 350 women, of whom 69 (20%) delivered within 7 days. The risk of PTD in <7 days ranged from 2% in the lowest fFN group (<10 ng/ml) to 71% in the highest group (>500 ng/ml). Multivariable logistic regression showed an increasing risk of PTD in <7 days with rising fFN concentration [10–49 ng/ml: odds ratio (OR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.23–7.0; 50–199 ng/ml: OR 3.2, 95% CI 0.79–13; 200–499 ng/ml: OR 9.0, 95% CI 2.3–35; >500 ng/ml: OR 39, 95% CI 9.4–164] and shortening of the CL (OR 0.86 per mm, 95% CI 0.82–0.90). Use of quantitative fFN instead of qualitative fFN resulted in reclassification of 18 (5%) women from high to low risk, of whom one (6%) woman delivered within 7 days.ConclusionIn symptomatic women, quantitative fFN testing does not improve the prediction of PTD within 7 days compared with qualitative fFN testing in combination with CL measurement in terms of reclassification from high to low (<5%) risk, but it adds value across the risk range.Tweetable abstractQuantitative fFN testing adds value to qualitative fFN testing with CL measurement in the prediction of PTD.
The effects of single‐dose dexamethasone on inflammatory response and pain after uterine artery embolisation for symptomatic fibroids or adenomyosis: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Kim SY , Koo B‐N , Shin CS , Ban M , Han K , Kim MD 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of single‐dose intravenous dexamethasone on inflammatory responses, pain, nausea, and vomiting after uterine artery embolisation (UAE).DesignProspective, randomised, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled study.SettingTertiary‐care University centre in Korea.PopulationPatients undergoing UAE for the treatment of symptomatic fibroids or adenomyosis.MethodsPatients were randomised to receive either intravenous dexamethasone (10 mg; dexamethasone group) or normal saline (control group) 1 hour before UAE. Both groups received fentanyl‐based intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) during the 24 hours after UAE.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the inflammatory and stress responses measured by white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, C–reactive protein (CRP), interleukin–6 (IL–6), and cortisol. Secondary outcomes were severity of pain and incidence of nausea and vomiting.ResultsSixty‐four patients were enrolled and 59 patients completed the study. CRP, IL–6, and cortisol were significantly lower in the dexamethasone group compared with the control group during the 24 hours after UAE. Although the cumulative dose of fentanyl and additional analgesics administered during the 24 hours after UAE were similar between the two groups, pain scores were significantly lower in the dexamethasone group from 12 hours after UAE, and the incidence of severe nausea and vomiting was lower in the dexamethasone group.ConclusionsThe administration of single‐dose intravenous dexamethasone as an adjunct to fentanyl‐based intravenous PCA is effective in reducing inflammation and pain during the first 24 hours after UAE.Tweetable abstractDexamethasone is effective in reducing inflammation and pain after uterine artery embolisation.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with sickle‐cell disease in low and high income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Boafor TK , Olayemi E , Galadanci N , Hayfron‐Benjamin C , Dei‐Adomakoh Y , Segbefia C , Kassim AA , Aliyu MH , Galadanci H , Tuuli MG , Rodeghier M , DeBaun Michael R , Oppong SA 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPregnancy in women with sickle‐cell disease (SCD) is associated with increased adverse outcomes. Findings on the association between SCD and adverse pregnancy outcomes are conflicting, and the results do not address whether these associations are similar in both low‐ and high‐income countries.ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate pregnancy outcomes associated with SCD.Search strategyThe MEDLINE database was searched using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords for articles on pregnancy outcomes in women with SCD.Selection criteriaWe used full research articles published in English that compared women with SCD with women who did not have SCD, as controls.Data collection and analysisData were abstracted and analysed using comprehensive Meta‐analysis 2.2. The primary outcomes were intrauterine growth restriction and perinatal mortality. Secondary outcomes were rates of caesarean sections, pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, maternal mortality, prematurity, and low birthweight. Random‐effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Main resultsSixteen studies met all of the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. SCD was associated with intrauterine growth restriction (pooled OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.85–4.21), perinatal mortality (pooled OR 3.76, 95% CI 2.34–6.06), and low birthweight (pooled OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.42–2.83). SCD was also associated with an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia (pooled OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.47–2.85), maternal mortality (pooled OR 10.91, 95% CI 1.83–65.11, P = 0.009), and eclampsia (pooled OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.20–7.58).ConclusionPregnancy in women with SCD is associated with increased risks of adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes in both low‐ and high‐income countries.Tweetable abstractThis meta‐analysis showed worse pregnancy outcomes in women with sickle‐cell disease compared with controls.
Ecoacoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity on temperate reefs
Authors: Harris Sydney A. , Shears Nick T. , Radford Craig A. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Diversity measurement techniques can present logistical and financial obstacles to conservation efforts. Ecoacoustics has recently emerged as a promising solution to these issues, providing a mechanism for measuring diversity using acoustic indices, which have proven to be beneficial in terrestrial habitats. This study investigates the application of acoustic measures as a tool for quick and effective marine diversity monitoring via direct, in situ comparison of ecoacoustics indices with species assemblage diversity measures from temperate rocky reefs.

Acoustic recordings and visual surveys of reef fish abundance were collected at nine sites in north‐eastern New Zealand. Three ecoacoustic indices originally developed for terrestrial use were then compared to three species assemblage diversity measures and compared using Pearson correlations. Additionally, four criteria for successful ecoacoustic indices were developed and tested as a means of standardizing future evaluation and use of acoustic indices: (i) positive correlations between species diversity and ecoacoustic indices in relevant frequency ranges, (ii) robustness to changes in spectral resolution, (iii) robustness to the presence of natural noise interference (i.e. wind) and (iv) robustness to the presence of anthropogenic noise.

Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) was significantly correlated with Pielou's Evenness (J′) and Shannon's index (H′). Neither Acoustic Richness (AR) nor ACI was impacted by changes in spectral resolution, but values of the Acoustic Entropy Index (H) increased significantly between fast Fourier transformation (FFT) sizes 512 and 1024. H was consistently positively correlated with both H′ and estimated number of species (S) above a spectral resolution of c. 140·6 Hz (FFT size 1024). Wind did not affect any of the acoustic indices. As anthropogenic noise was included in these investigations, both ACI and H were considered robust to its presence.

While AR failed to meet all four criteria for a successful ecoacoustic indices, both ACI and H appeared to be appropriate for use on temperate reefs. In a time of accelerated global diversity loss, these two ecoacoustic indices show strong potential for use as efficient, non‐invasive marine diversity measures.
Integrated step selection analysis: bridging the gap between resource selection and animal movement
Authors: Avgar Tal , Potts Jonathan R. , Lewis Mark A. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

A resource selection function is a model of the likelihood that an available spatial unit will be used by an animal, given its resource value. But how do we appropriately define availability? Step selection analysis deals with this problem at the scale of the observed positional data, by matching each ‘used step’ (connecting two consecutive observed positions of the animal) with a set of ‘available steps’ randomly sampled from a distribution of observed steps or their characteristics.

Here we present a simple extension to this approach, termed integrated step selection analysis (iSSA), which relaxes the implicit assumption that observed movement attributes (i.e. velocities and their temporal autocorrelations) are independent of resource selection. Instead, iSSA relies on simultaneously estimating movement and resource selection parameters, thus allowing simple likelihood‐based inference of resource selection within a mechanistic movement model.

We provide theoretical underpinning of iSSA, as well as practical guidelines to its implementation. Using computer simulations, we evaluate the inferential and predictive capacity of iSSA compared to currently used methods.

Our work demonstrates the utility of iSSA as a general, flexible and user‐friendly approach for both evaluating a variety of ecological hypotheses, and predicting future ecological patterns.
Religion, coping and outcome in out‐patients with depression or diabetes mellitus
Authors: Amadi K. U. , Uwakwe R. , Odinka P. C. , Ndukuba A. C. , Muomah C. R. , Ohaeri J. U. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThe study assesses the association between religiosity and coping style with the outcome of depression and diabetes.MethodUsing a simple random sampling, we recruited 112 participants with diabetes and an equal number with depression consecutively, matching for gender. Religiosity was determined using Religious Orientation Scale (revised) (ROS‐R), coping styles with Brief Religious Coping (Brief RCOPE) scale and Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale (adapted). Primary and secondary outcomes were evaluated using Sheehan's Disability Scale (SDS) and Becks Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) respectively.ResultsAmong participants with diabetes, BDI‐II total scores correlated negatively with ROS‐R Extrinsic Social (r = −0.2, P < 0.05) and Fighting Spirit (r = −0.3, P < 0.05) but correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.4, P < 0.05). SDS global scores correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.4, P < 0.05). Among participants with depression, BDI‐II total scores correlated negatively with Intrinsic religiosity (r = −0.2, P < 0.05) and Fighting Spirit (r = −0.4, P < 0.05) but correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.6, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.7, P < 0.05). SDS global scores correlated negatively with Intrinsic religiosity (r = −0.2, P < 0.05) and Fighting Spirit (r = −0.3, P < 0.05) but correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.5, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.4, P < 0.05).ConclusionHigh intrinsic and extrinsic religiosities are likely to be associated with positive coping skills and better treatment outcome in patients with depression or diabetes.