bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient approach for optimizing full field development plan using Monte-Carlo simulation coupled with Genetic Algorithm and new variable setting method for well placement applied to gas condensate field in Vietnam
Authors: Jun Jongyoung , Kang Joomyung , Jeong Daein , Lee Haeseon 
Published: December 2016

This paper presents an efficient technique to optimize a gas condensate field development plan under economic uncertainties. Many studies have been conducted to optimize development plan but mostly limited to oil field under fixed economic environments and required huge number of simulation runs. It is proved that black oil model can be a reasonable alternative of compositional model to complete field development optimization within acceptable period when reservoir pressure is higher enough than dew point pressure. This study implements Monte-Carlo simulation to Genetic Algorithm to assess economic uncertainties while optimization procedure is being performed and to avoid duplicating whole optimization procedure by changing economic assumptions. An idea for setting optimization variables for well placement is also introduced to reduce required number of simulation runs. A real field application confirms that the technique can be applied to optimize a gas condensate field with contractual gas sales obligation, and the idea plays a key role to find the optimized solution with limited resources by reducing the number of simulation runs required during the optimization procedure. The proposed technique can be applied to optimize not only full field development plan but also reservoir management plan and it will be helpful to improve economics of all kinds of E&P projects under lots of uncertainties.
Prioritizing and Funding the Uganda Nutrition Action Plan
Authors: Pomeroy-Stevens Amanda , D’Agostino Alexis , Adero Nancy , Merchant Hannah Foehringer , Muzoora Abel , Mupere Ezekiel , Agaba Edgar , Du Lidan 
Published: December 2016

Background: In 2010, Uganda began developing its first multisectoral nutrition plan, the Uganda Nutrition Action Plan (UNAP), to reduce malnutrition. While the UNAP signals high-level commitment to addressing nutrition, knowledge gaps remain about how to successfully implement such a plan. Objective: We tracked the UNAP’s influence on the process of priority setting and funding for nutrition from 2013 to 2015. Methods: This study used a longitudinal mixed methods design to track qualitative and budgetary changes related to UNAP processes nationally as well as in 2 study districts. Qualitative changes were assessed through interviews, news content, and meeting notes. Changes in allocations and expenditures were calculated based on budget documents, work plans, and validation interviews. Results: Important enabling factors named by stakeholders included identity, human resources, sustainable structures, coordination, advocacy, and adaptation of the UNAP to local needs. Evidence suggests that the UNAP facilitated improvements in the last 3 factors. We found no systematic increases in planned nutrition activities, nor did we find increases in allocations or expenditures for nutrition between fiscal years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Expenditure data were not always available for all funding mechanisms. In the 2 study districts, there was little flexibility within financing structures to allow for additional nutrition activities. Conclusions: Results suggest the UNAP has played an important role in strengthening the enabling environment for nutrition action. The next UNAP will need to translate these improvements into a greater number of nutrition activities and higher levels of funding at the national and subnational levels.
Prioritizing and Funding Nepal’s Multisector Nutrition Plan
Authors: Pomeroy-Stevens Amanda , Shrestha Madhukar B. , Biradavolu Monica , Hachhethu Kusum , Houston Robin , Sharma Indu , Wun Jolene 
Published: December 2016

Background: Nepal has a long tradition of designing good multisectoral nutrition policy. However, success of policy implementation has varied. More evidence on how to successfully carry out multisector nutrition policy is needed. Objective: We tracked the influence of Nepal’s multisectoral nutrition plan (MSNP) on the process of priority setting and budgeting from 2014 to 2016. Methods: This study used a mixed-method longitudinal design to track qualitative and budgetary changes related to MSNP processes nationally as well as in 3 districts. Qualitative changes in each study area were assessed through interviews, observation, news content, and meeting notes. Changes in allocations and expenditures were calculated based on budget documents, work plans, and validation interviews. Results: Improved understanding of the MSNP was documented nationally and in study districts but not in VDCs. Human resources, ownership, bottom-up planning, coordination, advocacy, and sustainable structures all emerged as important factors within the enabling environment. Evidence suggests the MSNP influenced improvements in the last 3 factors. We also found notable increases in activities and financing for nutrition—allocations increased steadily between FY 2013–2014 and FY 2015–2016, and 28% of total nutrition allocations in the final year came from new or expanded MSNP-affiliated activities. Data from 3 districts highlight challenges linking local planning and budgeting to central-level structures. Conclusions: The MSNP appears to have strengthened the nutrition system in Nepal and increased priority and funding for nutrition. Next steps include strengthening linkages to the districts and below. Other countries can learn from the MSNP’s success in increasing investment for nutrition.
Accuracy and Measurement Error of the Medial Clear Space of the Ankle
Authors: Metitiri Ogheneochuko , Ghorbanhoseini Mohammad , Zurakowski David , Hochman Mary G. , Nazarian Ara , Kwon John Y. 
Published: December 2016

Background: Measurement of the medial clear space (MCS) is commonly used to assess deltoid ligament competency and mortise stability when managing ankle fractures. Lacking knowledge of the true anatomic width measured, previous studies have been unable to measure accuracy of measurement. The purpose of this study was to determine MCS measurement error and accuracy and any influencing factors. Methods: Using 3 normal transtibial ankle cadaver specimens, deltoid and syndesmotic ligaments were transected and the mortise widened and affixed at a width of 6 mm (specimen 1) and 4 mm (specimen 2). The mortise was left intact in specimen 3. Radiographs were obtained of each cadaver at varying degrees of rotation. Radiographs were randomized, and providers measured the MCS using a standardized technique. Results: Lack of accuracy as well as lack of precision in measurement of the medial clear space compared to a known anatomic value was present for all 3 specimens tested. There were no significant differences in mean delta with regard to level of training for specimens 1 and 2; however, with specimen 3, staff physicians showed increased measurement accuracy compared with trainees. Conclusion: Accuracy and precision of MCS measurements are poor. Provider experience did not appear to influence accuracy and precision of measurements for the displaced mortise. Clinical Relevance: This high degree of measurement error and lack of precision should be considered when deciding treatment options based on MCS measurements.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes in endovascular versus open repair for juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms: A propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Orr Nathan T , Davenport Daniel L , Minion David J , Xenos Eleftherios S 
Published: December 2016

Objective Endoluminal aortic aneurysm repair is suitable within certain anatomic specifications. This study aims to compare 30-day outcomes of endovascular versus open repairs for juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms (JAA/PAAs). Methods The ACS-NSQIP database was queried from 2012 to 2015 for JAA/PAA repairs. Procedures characterized as emergent were included in the study; however, failed prior repairs and ruptured aneurysms were excluded. The preoperative and perioperative patient characteristics, operative techniques, and outcome variables were compared between the open aortic repair and the endovascular aortic repair groups. Propensity scoring was performed to clinically match open aortic repair and endovascular aortic repair groups on preoperative risk and select perioperative factors that differed significantly in the unmatched groups. Outcome comparisons were then performed between matched groups. Results A total of 1005 (789 JAAs and 216 PAAs) aneurysm repairs were included in the study. Of these, there were 395 endovascular aortic repairs and 610 open aortic repairs. Propensity scoring created a matched group of 263 endovascular aortic repair and 263 open aortic repair patients. There was no statistically significant difference in 30-day mortality rates between matched endovascular aortic repair and open aortic repair patients (2.7% vs. 5.7%). The endovascular aortic repair group had a shorter ICU length of stay and overall hospital stay. The 30-day morbidity significantly favored endovascular aortic repair over open aortic repair (16% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). The main drivers of morbidity for endovascular aortic repair versus open aortic repair included return to the OR (6.8% vs. 15%, p < 0.001), rate of cardiac or respiratory failure (7.6% vs. 21%, p = 0.001), rate of renal insufficiency or failure (3.8% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.009), and rate of pneumonia (1.5% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.004). Conclusions There is no difference in mortality rates between endovascular aortic repair versus open aortic repair when repairing JAAs/PAAs. There is a significant difference in overall morbidity, and ICU and hospital length of stay favoring endovascular aortic repair over open aortic repair. This supports the expanded applicability and efficacy of endovascular repair for complex aneurysms.
Bunionette
Authors: Ceccarini Paolo , Rinonapoli Giuseppe , Nardi Andrea , Bisaccia Michele , Di Giacomo Lorenzo Maria , Caraffa Auro 
Published: December 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to review the most recent literature available on the treatment of bunionette (also named tailor’s bunion) with percutaneous and minimally invasive techniques. Focusing especially on clinical outcomes, studies related to this type of techniques were examined in order to evaluate the success of this practice that is, fusion rate and complications. The hypothesis is that these techniques are safe and successful procedures. Methods. In July 2015, a topical review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords percutaneous (OR mini-invasive OR minimally invasive) AND bunionette (OR tailor’s bunion) AND treatment (OR surgery). Studies reporting the outcomes of the surgical treatment of bunionette were also included in our review. Results. The search yielded a total of 111 publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. After evaluating abstracts and full-text reviews, 9 articles were included in this review. Treatment methods were divided into 2 main surgical treatment categories: with or without fixation of the osteotomy. The most commonly used technique was that with fixation. The scores of success for techniques with and without fixation were 93.5 and 97.8, respectively. Conclusion. The current evidence for the treatment of bunionette deformity is limited to retrospective case series. Therefore, no conclusion can be made regarding the gold standard technique for bunionette deformity. The results published are very satisfactory, but the literature is still poor. Levels of Evidence: IV: Topical review
A Comparison of Outcomes of Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for Articular Cartilage Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Lanham Nathan S. , Carroll John J. , Cooper Minton T. , Perumal Venkat , Park Joseph S. 
Published: December 2016

Background. Articular cartilage lesions of the talus remain a challenging clinical problem because of the lack of natural regeneration and limited treatment options. Microfracture is often the first-line therapy, however lesions larger than 1.5 cm2 have been shown to not do as well with this treatment method. Methods. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of iliac crest bone marrow aspirate concentrate/collagen scaffold (ICBMA) and particulated juvenile articular cartilage (PJAC) for larger articular cartilage lesions of the talus. Fifteen patients undergoing ICBMA or PJAC for articular cartilage lesions of the talus from 2010 to 2013 were reviewed. Twelve patients, 6 from each treatment option, were included in the study. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeons (AOFAS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and Short Form–12 (SF-12) outcome scores were collected for each patient. Results. The mean age was 34.7 ± 14.8 years for ICBMA and 31.5 ± 7.4 years for PJAC. Lesion size was 2.0 ± 1.1 cm2 for ICBMA and 1.9 ± 0.9 cm2 for PJAC. At a mean follow-up of 25.7 months (range, 12-42 months), the mean AOFAS score was 71.33 for ICBMA and 95.83 for PJAC (  P = .019). The FAAM activities of daily living subscale mean was 77.77 for ICBMA and 97.02 for PJAC (   P = .027). The mean FAAM sports subscale was 45.14 for ICBMA and 86.31 for PJAC (  P = .054). The SF-12 physical health mean was 47.58 for ICBMA and 53.98 for PJAC (  P = .315). The SF-12 mental health mean was 53.25 for ICBMA and 57.8 for PJAC (  P = .315). One patient in treated initially with ICBMA underwent revision fixation for nonunion of their medial malleolar osteotomy, which ultimately resulted in removal of hardware and tibiotalar arthrodesis at 2 years from the index procedure. Conclusion. In the present analysis, PJAC yields better clinical outcomes at 2 years when compared with ICBMA for articular cartilage lesions of the talus that were on average greater than 1.5cm2. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Retrospective, Case series
Survey of Canadian Kidney Transplant Specialists on the Management of Morbid Obesity and the Transplant Waiting List
Authors: Chan Gabriel , Soucisse Mikael 
Published: December 2016

Background: Obesity is associated with increased surgical complications and long-term cardiovascular mortality. Studies of access in kidney transplantation have found a bias against obese patients on the wait-listing. Objective: To determine the current state of clinical practice for the management of obesity in kidney transplantation. Design: A survey in two versions, PDF and traditional paper, composed of categorical questions. Setting: A pan-Canadian survey of transplant nephrologists and surgeons. Methods: The survey PDF was distributed electronically to the Kidney Group of the Canadian Society of Transplantation. A shorter, hardcopy version was distributed subsequently at a national transplant meeting. Results: There were 47 responses, including almost every Canadian adult transplant program. Most (81%) reported the use of a body mass index limit for access to the waiting list. However, only 40% reported a strict enforcement. There were several instances of intra-hospital disagreements regarding the use of a policy, among the centers with multiple responses. The body mass index limit was most commonly 40 kg/m2 (62%), followed by 35 kg/m2 (36%). Despite the body mass index limit, few centers (30%) reported having a weight management program. The reported experience with bariatric surgery was small, though nearly all replied that they would refer to a bariatric specialist in the future. Limitations: This national survey provides a broad assessment of clinical practice. The distinction between an official policy and informal clinical tendencies is difficult. The results cannot be used to support any specific limit or policy. Conclusions: This survey found that the body mass index limit for access to the kidney transplant waiting list was common in Canada. Several inconsistencies suggest a lack of official policy. To achieve equity in access, clear guidelines for obesity should be established and enforced. Bariatric surgery has the promise of rapid weight loss. Resource allocation to study obesity in transplant patients will be essential.
Semiconductor Pricing Strategy in USB Market: A Market Leader’s Dilemma
Authors: Pandey Neeraj , Mehta Nikhil , Roy Shreya Basu 
Published: December 2016

The semiconductor market has become more competitive than ever before with new players joining the industry. There is pressure for innovation and differentiation in this industry to maintain leadership. The resultant innovative products have wide application but are sold in hypercompetitive market. The industry requires price management at transaction level to achieve efficiency and excellence with each of the diverse customers. The pricing in the semiconductor industry is done more scientifically as compared to other industries like FMCG, consumer durables, and health care. Pricing software aid managers in determining the appropriate price. This research looks holistically at the pricing issues especially faced by market leader with focus on Universal Serial Bus (USB) customers. The market leader traditionally does premium pricing in semiconductor industry. We question that—Should a market leader always charge price premium in all its product lines? Which pricing strategy is better—skimming pricing strategy or penetrative pricing strategy? The objective of the research is to find appropriate pricing strategy for the specific product category. A right price would lead to enhanced revenue besides better customer conversion ratio.
Improving reperfusion time within the ESCAPE Endovascular Clinical Trial
Authors: Kamal Noreen , Smith Eric E , Menon Bijoy K , Eesa Muneer , Ryckborst Karla J , Poppe Alexandre Y , Roy Daniel , Thornton John , Williams David , Casaubon Leanne K , Silver Frank L , Butcher Kenneth , Shuaib Ashfaq , Rempel Jeremy L , Jovin Tudor G , Sapkota Biggya L , Demchuk Andrew M , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D 
Published: December 2016

Introduction Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke is more effective when performed quickly. In this report, we describe quality interventions to ensure fast endovascular treatment times in the ESCAPE (Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior circulation Proximal Occlusion with Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times) trial. Methods An “audit and feedback” intervention using webinar and letter was used to improve treatment time over the course of the trial. The time metrics were computed tomography-to-groin-puncture (target < 60 min) and computed tomography-to-first-reperfusion (target < 90 min). Each site was provided with their data for computed tomography-to-groin-puncture and computed tomography-to-first-reperfusion for all their patients that were randomized to the treatment arm, and their median time was compared to the overall median times of all sites in the trial. We assessed for changes in treatment time over the course of the trial. Results There were 165 patients enrolled into the endovascular arm from 22 sites. The computed tomography-to-groin-puncture time dropped from 57 to 47 min (p = 0.14) while computed tomography-to-reperfusion time dropped from 89 to 81 min (p = 0.48). Over the course of the trial, the absolute treatment benefit increased by 7.8% (p < 0.001). Conclusions An “audit and feedback” intervention throughout the conduct of the ESCAPE trial was a feasible way to ensure fast treatment times. Quality improvement processes should continue as standard practice beyond the trial to encourage good patient selection and the best clinical outcomes.
Graft-versus-host disease targets ovary and causes female infertility in mice
Authors: Shimoji Sonoko , Hashimoto Daigo , Tsujigiwa Hidetsugu , Miyawaki Kohta , Kato Koji , Takahashi Shuichiro , Ogasawara Reiki , Jiromaru Takashi , Iwasaki Hiromi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Akashi Koichi , Teshima Takanori 
Published: December 2016

Key PointsGVHD mediates donor T-cell infiltration and apoptosis of the ovarian follicle cells, leading to ovarian insufficiency and infertility. Ovarian insufficiency and infertility are independent of conditioning, and pharmacologic GVHD prophylaxis preserves fertility.
Oxygen, the lung and the diver: friends and foes?
Authors: van Ooij Pieter-Jan A.M. , Sterk Peter J. , van Hulst Robert A. 
Published: December 2016

Worldwide, the number of professional and sports divers is increasing. Most of them breathe diving gases with a raised partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). However, if thePO2is between 50 and 300 kPa (375–2250 mmHg) (hyperoxia), pathological pulmonary changes can develop, known as pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT). Although in its acute phase, POT is reversible, it can ultimately lead to non-reversible pathological changes. Therefore, it is important to monitor these divers to prevent them from sustaining irreversible lesions.This review summarises the pulmonary pathophysiological effects when breathing oxygen with aPO2of 50–300 kPa (375–2250 mmHg). We describe the role and the limitations of lung function testing in monitoring the onset and development of POT, and discuss new techniques in respiratory medicine as potential markers in the early development of POT in divers.
Sports-related lung injury during breath-hold diving
Authors: Mijacika Tanja , Dujic Zeljko 
Published: December 2016

The number of people practising recreational breath-hold diving is constantly growing, thereby increasing the need for knowledge of the acute and chronic effects such a sport could have on the health of participants. Breath-hold diving is potentially dangerous, mainly because of associated extreme environmental factors such as increased hydrostatic pressure, hypoxia, hypercapnia, hypothermia and strenuous exercise.In this article we focus on the effects of breath-hold diving on pulmonary function. Respiratory symptoms have been reported in almost 25% of breath-hold divers after repetitive diving sessions. Acutely, repetitive breath-hold diving may result in increased transpulmonary capillary pressure, leading to noncardiogenic oedema and/or alveolar haemorrhage. Furthermore, during a breath-hold dive, the chest and lungs are compressed by the increasing pressure of water. Rapid changes in lung air volume during descent or ascent can result in a lung injury known as pulmonary barotrauma. Factors that may influence individual susceptibility to breath-hold diving-induced lung injury range from underlying pulmonary or cardiac dysfunction to genetic predisposition.According to the available data, breath-holding does not result in chronic lung injury. However, studies of large populations of breath-hold divers are necessary to firmly exclude long-term lung damage.
Asthma in intellectual disability: are we managing our patients appropriately?
Authors: Davis Sharon 
Published: December 2016

People with intellectual disability are a vulnerable group of people with asthma that has, to date, largely been ignored in the medical literature. Although guidelines for medication management for people with intellectual disability suggest asthma is treated as for other populations, there are special considerations that should be taken into account when managing asthma in this group. Due to their cognitive impairment as well as comorbidities, they are likely to require support with asthma self-management, including inhaler use. Their varying degrees of autonomy mean that there is often a need to provide education and information to both the person and their caregivers.Educational aimsTo understand general principles of health of people with intellectual disability and how this affects the healthcare professional’s approach to asthma management.To understand how intellectual disability affects cognition, autonomy and communication, and therefore the ability of a person to self-manage asthma.To recognise ways of mitigating respiratory disease risk in people with intellectual disability.To describe ways for healthcare professionals to support people with intellectual disability and their caregivers in asthma management.