bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme events in lake ecosystem time series
Authors: Batt Ryan D. , Carpenter Stephen R. , Ives Anthony R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClimate change has generated growing interest in extreme events, and extremes are known to have important consequences for ecosystems. Theoretical mechanisms generating frequent extremes apply to both environmental and biological processes, yet past studies of ecological extremes have focused primarily on the abiotic environment. The rarity or commonness of extremes in biological time series is unknown. We evaluated the statistical tendency to produce extreme events in 595 biological, chemical, physical, and meteorological time series taken from 11 lakes. We found that extreme events were much more likely to occur for biological variables than for other categories. Additional analysis revealed that the tendency to produce extremes was driven primarily by within‐year dynamics, suggesting that processes occurring at short time scales underlie the high frequency of extremes in biological variables. These results should lead us to expect surprises in long‐term observations of biological populations.
AcuC, a histone deacetylase, contributes to the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Jiang Qingling , Chen Wenbo , Qin Yingxue , Huang Lixing , Xu Xiaojin , Zhao Lingmin , Yan Qingpi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe interactions of pathogens and phagocytes are complex. Our study demonstrated that Aeromonas hydrophila B11 can survive in the macrophagocytes of Tilapia mossambica. To explore the regulatory processes of A. hydrophila survival in the macrophagocytes, we used the mini‐Tn10 transposon mutagenesis system to build a mutant library by mixing Escherichia coli Sm10 (pLOFKm) and A. hydrophila B11. In total, 102 mutant colonies were detected, and 11 of them showed reduced survival in macrophagocytes. The mutant with the most severe phenotype, AM73, was chosen for further research. The ORF interrupted by mini‐Tn10 in AM73 was approximately 960 bp and was deposited in GenBank with the accession number SRP049226. The 319 amino acid protein encoded by the ORF showed a high degree of identity (89%) with proteins in the histone deacetylase/AcuC/AphA family of A. hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC7966. A strain (AC73) in which the acuC mutation was complemented was constructed by generating the recombinant expression plasmid pACYC184‐acuC and introducing it into the AM73 mutant strain. Our experiments revealed that strain AM73 was deficient in biofilm formation, adhesion, survival in macrophagocytes, and virulence compared with A. hydrophila B11, and all of these biological properties were improved in strain AC73. The expression of 10 significant virulence genes was significantly inhibited in strain AM73. The results indicated that AcuC was an important regulatory protein contributing to the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila.
Internal and International Mobility as Adaptation to Climatic Variability in Contemporary Mexico: Evidence from the Integration of Census and Satellite Data
Authors: Leyk Stefan , Runfola Dan , Nawrotzki Raphael J. , Hunter Lori M. , Riosmena Fernando 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMigration provides a strategy for rural Mexican households to cope with, or adapt to, weather events and climatic variability. Yet prior studies on environmental migration in this context have not examined the differences between choices of internal (domestic) or international movement. In addition, much of the prior work relied on very coarse spatial scales to operationalise the environmental variables such as rainfall patterns. To overcome these limitations, we use fine‐grain rainfall estimates derived from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. The rainfall estimates are combined with population and agricultural census information to examine associations between environmental changes and municipal rates of internal and international migration during 2005–2010. Our findings suggest that municipal‐level rainfall deficits relative to historical levels are an important predictor of both international and internal migration, especially in municipalities with predominantly rainfed agriculture. Although our findings do not contradict results of prior studies using coarse spatial resolution, they offer clearer evidence and a more spatially nuanced examination of migration as related to social and environmental vulnerability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial differences in seroprevalence of HAV and HEV in blood donors in the Western Cape, South Africa: a clue to the predominant HEV genotype?
Authors: LOPES T. , CABLE R. , PISTORIUS C. , MAPONGA T. , IJAZ S. , PREISER W. , TEDDER R. , ANDERSSON M. I. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. This infection causes major water-borne outbreaks in low- and middle-income countries, whilst in industrialised countries this infection is zoonotic. These differences in epidemiology are related to different HEV genotypes. HEV genotype 3 is a zoonotic infection, whilst genotype 2 causes large outbreaks. This study determined the seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors from the Western Cape. Anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) antibody was detected in 184/300 (61%) donors. Antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) was detected in 78 of 300 donors (26%). It was highest in mixed race donors (62/100), followed by white donors (23/100) and lowest in black donors (19/100) P = 0.019. Since it is thought that genotypes 1 and 2 predominate both viruses would be acquired by the oro-faecal route, it is surprising that HEV seroprevalence does not mirror that of HAV. We postulate that this may reflect differences in socio-economic status and consumption of dietary meat. So the marked divergence between HEV and HAV seroprevalence may be the result of different routes of transmission. Further data are needed to explore the risk factors associated with HEV infection.
Echocardiographic right ventricular function correlations with cardiac catheterisation data in biventricular congenital heart patients
Authors: Nadorlik Holly , Stiver Corey , Khan Sairah , Miao Yongjie , Holzer Ralf , Cheatham John P. , Cua Clifford L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundNewer echocardiographic techniques may allow for more accurate assessment of right ventricular function. Adult studies have correlated these echocardiographic measurements with invasive data, but minimal data exist in the paediatric congenital heart population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate echocardiographic measurements that correlate best with right ventricular systolic and diastolic catheterisation parameters.MethodsPatients with two-ventricle physiology who underwent simultaneous echocardiogram and cardiac catheterisation were included in this study. Right ventricular systolic echocardiographic data included fractional area change, displacement, tissue Doppler imaging s’ wave, global longitudinal strain, and strain rate s’ wave. Diastolic echocardiographic data included tricuspid E and A waves, tissue Doppler imaging e’ and a’ waves, and strain rate e’ and a’ waves. E/tissue Doppler imaging e’, tissue Doppler imaging e’/tissue Doppler imaging a’, E/strain rate e’, and strain rate e’/strain rate a’ ratios were also calculated. Catheterisation dP/dt was used as a marker for systolic function and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure for diastolic function.ResultsA total of 32 patients were included in this study. The median age at catheterisation was 3.1 years (0.3–17.6 years). The DP/dt was 493±327 mmHg/second, and the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 7.7±2.4 mmHg. There were no significant correlations between catheterisation dP/dt and systolic echocardiographic parameters. Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure correlated significantly with strain rate e’ (r=−0.4, p=0.02), strain rate a’ (r=−0.5, p=0.03), and E/tissue Doppler imaging e’ (r=0.4, p=0.04).ConclusionCatheterisation dP/dt did not correlate with echocardiographic measurements of right ventricular systolic function. Strain rate and tissue Doppler imaging analysis significantly correlated with right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These values should be further studied to determine whether they may be used as an alternative method to estimate right ventricular end-diastolic pressure in this patient population.
SUR LA TORSION DANS LA COHOMOLOGIE DES VARIÉTÉS DE SHIMURA DE KOTTWITZ-HARRIS-TAYLOR
Authors: Boyer Pascal 
Published: March 2017

(Torsion in the cohomology of Kottwitz–Harris–Taylor Shimura varieties) When the level at $l$ of a Shimura variety of Kottwitz–Harris–Taylor is not maximal, its cohomology with coefficients in a $\overline{\mathbb{Z}}_{l}$-local system isn’t in general torsion free. In order to prove torsion freeness results of the cohomology, we localize at a maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ of the Hecke algebra. We then prove a result of torsion freeness resting either on $\mathfrak{m}$ itself or on the Galois representation $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}_{\mathfrak{m}}$ associated to it. Concerning the torsion, in a rather restricted case than Caraiani and Scholze (« On the generic part of the cohomology of compact unitary Shimura varieties », Preprint, 2015), we prove that the torsion doesn’t give new Satake parameters systems by showing that each torsion cohomology class can be raised in the free part of the cohomology of a Igusa variety.
miR-127 enhances myogenic cell differentiation by targeting S1PR3
Authors: Zhai Lili , Wu Rimao , Han Wanhong , Zhang Yong , Zhu Dahai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been implicated in muscle stem cell function. miR-127 is known to be predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, but its roles in myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration are unknown. Here, we show that miR-127 is upregulated during C2C12 and satellite cell (SC) differentiation and, by establishing C2C12 cells stably expressing miR-127, demonstrate that overexpression of miR-127 in C2C12 cells enhances myogenic cell differentiation. To investigate the function of miR-127 during muscle development and regeneration in vivo, we generated miR-127 transgenic mice. These mice exhibited remarkably accelerated muscle regeneration compared with wild-type mice by promoting SC differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the gene encoding sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), a G-protein-coupled receptor for sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a target of miR-127 required for its function in promoting myogenic cell differentiation. Importantly, overexpression of miR-127 in muscular dystrophy model mdx mice considerably ameliorated the disease phenotype. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-127 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of skeletal muscle disease in humans.
Tumor-treating fields elicit a conditional vulnerability to ionizing radiation via the downregulation of BRCA1 signaling and reduced DNA double-strand break repair capacity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Karanam Narasimha Kumar , Srinivasan Kalayarasan , Ding Lianghao , Sishc Brock , Saha Debabrata , Story Michael D 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe use of tumor-treating fields (TTFields) has revolutionized the treatment of recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). TTFields are low-intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields that are applied to tumor regions and cells using non-invasive arrays. The predominant mechanism by which TTFields are thought to kill tumor cells is the disruption of mitosis. Using five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines we found that there is a variable response in cell proliferation and cell killing between these NSCLC cell lines that was independent of p53 status. TTFields treatment increased the G2/M population, with a concomitant reduction in S-phase cells followed by the appearance of a sub-G1 population indicative of apoptosis. Temporal changes in gene expression during TTFields exposure was evaluated to identify molecular signaling changes underlying the differential TTFields response. The most differentially expressed genes were associated with the cell cycle and cell proliferation pathways. However, the expression of genes found within the BRCA1 DNA-damage response were significantly downregulated (P<0.05) during TTFields treatment. DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair foci increased when cells were exposed to TTFields as did the appearance of chromatid-type aberrations, suggesting an interphase mechanism responsible for cell death involving DNA repair. Exposing cells to TTFields immediately following ionizing radiation resulted in increased chromatid aberrations and a reduced capacity to repair DNA DSBs, which were likely responsible for at least a portion of the enhanced cell killing seen with the combination. These findings suggest that TTFields induce a state of ‘BRCAness’ leading to a conditional susceptibility resulting in enhanced sensitivity to ionizing radiation and provides a strong rationale for the use of TTFields as a combined modality therapy with radiation or other DNA-damaging agents.
The Magnetic and Crystal Structure of MnxGa (1.15 ≤ x ≤ 1.8) Alloys
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Yue Ming , Boyer C. B. , Liu X. B. , Lu Qingmei , Zhang Hongguo , Li Chenhui , Wang Manli , Altounian Z. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNeutron powder diffraction patterns measured above T
C
have been used to determine the location of the excess Mn in MnxGa (1.15 ≤ x ≤ 1.8). This information has then been used to constrain the fits to neutron powder diffraction patterns measured at ambient temperature and so determine unambiguously the Mn moments in this system. We find that Mn randomly occupies the two Ga sites (2a and 2b) in the I4/mmm structure and propose that it is more appropriate to use a simpler structure based on the P4/mmm space group with a reduced unit cell. In this structure the two Ga sites are formally equivalent (they occupy the 1a site while Mn occupies the 1d site). Our experimental observations are supported by DFT calculations. Below T
C
we find that the Mn(1d) moment is constant at 2.45(3) μ
B
, while Mn on the 1a site carries a slightly larger moment (~3 μ
B
) that is coupled antiparallel to the Mn(1d) moments, leading to the observed drop in magnetisation with increasing Mn content in MnxGa.
Pulling cylindrical particles using a soft-nonparaxial tractor beam
Authors: Novitsky Andrey , Ding Weiqiang , Wang Maoyan , Gao Dongliang , Lavrinenko Andrei V. , Qiu Cheng-Wei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn order to pull objects towards the light source a single tractor beam inevitably needs to be strongly nonparaxial. This stringent requirement makes such a tractor beam somewhat hypothetical. Here we reveal that the cylindrical shape of dielectric particles can effectively mitigate the nonparaxiality requirements, reducing the incidence angle of the partial plane waves of the light beam down to 45° and even to 30° for respectively dipole and dipole-quadrupole objects. The optical pulling force attributed to the interaction of magnetic dipole and magnetic quadrupole moments of dielectric cylinders occurs due to the TE rather than TM polarization. Therefore, the polarization state of the incident beam can be utilized as an external control for switching between the pushing and pulling forces. The results have application values towards optical micromanipulation, transportation and sorting of targeted particles.
NMR-based metabolomics Reveals Alterations of Electro-acupuncture Stimulations on Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Rats
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Zheng Xujuan , Cheng Kian-Kai , Chang Xiaorong , Shen Guiping , Liu Mi , Wang Yadong , Shen Jiacheng , Zhang Yuan , He Qida , Dong Jiyang , Yang Zongbao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a common gastrointestinal disease which has been considered as precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma. Previously, electro-acupuncture stimulation has been shown to be effective in ameliorating symptoms of CAG. However the underlying mechanism of this beneficial treatment is yet to be established. In the present study, an integrated histopathological examination along with molecular biological assay, as well as 1H NMR analysis of multiple biological samples (urine, serum, stomach, cortex and medulla) were employed to systematically assess the pathology of CAG and therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation at Sibai (ST 2), Liangmen (ST 21), and Zusanli (ST 36) acupoints located in the stomach meridian using a rat model of CAG. The current results showed that CAG caused comprehensive metabolic alterations including the TCA cycle, glycolysis, membrane metabolism and catabolism, gut microbiota-related metabolism. On the other hand, electro-acupuncture treatment was found able to normalize a number of CAG-induced metabolomics changes by alleviating membrane catabolism, restoring function of neurotransmitter in brain and partially reverse the CAG-induced perturbation in gut microbiota metabolism. These findings provided new insights into the biochemistry of CAG and mechanism of the therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture stimulations.
CXCR3+ monocytes/macrophages are required for establishment of pulmonary metastases
Authors: Butler Kiah L. , Clancy-Thompson Eleanor , Mullins David W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present a new foundational role for CXCR3+ monocytes/macrophages in the process of tumor engraftment in the lung. CXCR3 is associated with monocytic and lymphocytic infiltration of inflamed or tumor-bearing lung. Although the requirement for tumor-expressed CXCR3 in metastatic engraftment has been demonstrated, the role of monocyte-expressed CXCR3 had not been appreciated. In a murine model of metastatic-like melanoma, engraftment was coordinate with CXCR3+ monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the lungs and was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of CXCR3 signaling. Tumor engraftment to lung was impaired in CXCR3−/− mice, and transient reconstitution with circulating CXCR3-replete monocytes was sufficient to restore engraftment. These data illustrate the paradoxical pro-tumor role for CXCR3 in lung immunobiology wherein the CXCR3 axis drives both the anti-tumor effector cell chemoattraction and pro-tumor infiltration of the lungs and suggests a potential therapeutic target for lung-tropic metastasizing cancers.
The Challenge of Treating Children With Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Indolfi Giuseppe , Thorne Claire , El Sayed Manal H. , Giaquinto Carlo , Gonzalez‐Peralta Regino P. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe development of oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the therapeutic field. Nowadays, multiple safe and highly effective antiviral regimens are commercially available to treat adults with hepatitis C infection. These new regimens for the first time genuinely raise the prospects of eradicating HCV. Many challenges, however, remain from identifying infected individuals to optimizing treatment and ensuring global access to antiviral therapy to all population groups, including children. Recently, in April 2017, the association of sofosbuvir with ribavirin and the fixed‐dose combination sofosbuvir/ledipasvir have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of children with chronic HCV infection 12 years of age and older. The only drugs currently approved for children younger than 12 years are pegylated interferon and ribavirin. There are 6 registered ongoing pediatric trials assessing safety and efficacy of DAAs, but their current completion timelines are years away. Herein, we summarize the state of the art of DAAs’ development for adult and children and highlight the crucial importance of overcoming barriers to treating children with HCV.
Sugaholic adventure: “personalizing it with sweetness”
Authors: Bodolica Virginia , Spraggon Martin , Naeem Mizna 
Published: March 2017

Study level/applicability
Senior-level undergraduate courses.

Case overview
In a short lifespan of operating in the UAE market, the Sugaholic bakeshop has grown from a fragile business idea all the way up to a paradigm of success. The two Bhatia sisters, Sneha and Ravisha, seek to spread happiness around them by invigorating their customers’ celebrations with their captivating personalized delicacies. The family business owners and their team of enthusiastic bakers aim at delivering exceptional quality and design on their sweet treats to achieve maximum customer satisfaction. Working closely as a team and paying special attention to detailing, the bakers at Sugaholic do not only merely provide the end product but also constantly work on the feedback received. The company offers all types of personalization on a variety of cakes, taking every order as a new challenge and baking for every sweets’ lover including family, friends, individual and corporate clients, celebrities and public personalities. Despite its short existence, the bakeshop has been successful in creating a vast fan following and the owners have started exploring various opportunities for business expansion. As Sugaholic has reached a critical stage in its development, what is the most viable strategic option to be pursued for embarking on a road of sustainable growth and success?

Expected learning outcomes
Assess the process of launching a new business venture in light of the factors from the external environment. Identify different sources of competitive advantage of an organization and evaluate their level of sustainability. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of a family-owned enterprise and delineate viable actions for intervention. Evaluate the effectiveness of top management’s strategic choices and develop decision-making skills.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.