bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine D2 receptor availability is linked to hippocampal–caudate functional connectivity and episodic memory
Authors: Nyberg Lars , Karalija Nina , Salami Alireza , Andersson Micael , Wåhlin Anders , Kaboovand Neda , Köhncke Ylva , Axelsson Jan , Rieckmann Anna , Papenberg Goran , Garrett Douglas D. , Riklund Katrine , Lövdén Martin , Lindenberger Ulman , Bäckman Lars 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceCognitive functioning depends in part on dopamine neurotransmission in the brain. Research implicates the dopamine D1 receptor family in cognitive functions linked to the prefrontal cortex, such as working memory. The dopamine D2 receptor family has also been linked to cognition, but it remains unclear to which cognitive functions it is specifically related. We examined the relation of D2 receptors to episodic memory, working memory, and speed of processing. D2 receptors in the caudate and hippocampus were related to episodic memory and modulated caudate–hippocampal functional connections. These findings link the dopamine D2 system to hippocampus-based cognitive functions.
On-line processing of verb-argument constructions
Authors: Ellis Nick C. 
Published: June 2016

Ellis, O’Donnell, and Römer (2014) used free-association tasks to investigate knowledge of Verb-Argument Constructions (VACs). They demonstrated that English speakers have independent implicit knowledge of (i) verb frequency in the VAC, (ii) VAC-verb contingency, and (iii) verb prototypicality in terms of centrality within the VAC semantic network. They concluded that VAC processing involves rich associations, tuned by verb type and token frequencies and their contingencies of usage, which interface syntax, lexis, and semantics. However, the tasks they used, where respondents had a minute to think of the verbs that fitted in VAC frames like ‘he __ across the….’, ‘it __ of the….’, etc., were quite conscious and explicit. The current experiments therefore investigate the effects of these factors in on-line processing for recognition and naming. Experiment 1 tested the recognition of VAC exemplars from very brief, masked, visual presentations. Recognition threshold was affected by overall verb frequency in the language, by the frequency with which verbs appear in the VAC, and by VAC-verb contingency (ΔPcw). Experiment 2 had participants successively name VAC arguments as quickly as possible: first the VAC and then the preposition. Preposition naming latency was a function of verb frequency in the VAC. We consider the implications for the representation and processing of VACs.
Lethal Stomach Content Collection Methods Reduce Detection of Zooplankton Prey of Juvenile Largemouth Bass Compared with Nonlethal Methods
Authors: Nannini Michael , Schermerhorn Daniel , Wahl David 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The study of fish diets is an integral part of many fisheries research and management programs. Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of nonlethal stomach content collection methods but none have considered the effectiveness of lethal methods that may also be biased by continued prey digestion. We compared one nonlethal and two lethal methods of stomach content collection and preservation for juvenile Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides ranging in size from 51–68 mm TL. Macroinvertebrates and zooplankton from stomachs of juvenile Largemouth Bass were collected using three methods, including gastric lavage (stomach contents immediately preserved), removing and preserving stomachs from fresh fish (whole stomach preserved after 3 h on ice), and removing and preserving stomachs after the fish had been frozen whole (stomach preserved after whole fish was frozen for 3 weeks at −20°C in a freezer). There were significant differences in total biomass of zooplankton and the total number of individual diet items for zooplankton among the three methods. Both cladocerans and copepods significantly differed among methods for total numbers and total biomass. In contrast, there were no differences between the different diet collection methods for any of the macroinvertebrate groups we were able to analyze (Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Diptera, and Coleoptera). These results suggest that prey in stomachs of fish continues to be digested after collection and that prey size and prey type are important factors. Our results suggest that gastric lavage yielded more accurate results of diet of juvenile Largemouth Bass than lethal methods.
Received November 6, 2015; accepted March 9, 2016 Published online June 27, 2016
Rethinking ‘expert sense’ in international development: the case of Sierra Leone’s housing policy
Authors: Rogers Steven Nabieu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Experts have come to dominate global economic policies under certain institutional ideological discourse. But what happens when most of the policy players in developing countries do not belong to globalised institutions? This article interrogates the role of national officials in reinforcing Western institutional hegemony. A review of housing policies in Sierra Leone since independence, and interviews with housing sector officials, show that the current manifestation of such superstructure and its reinforcing nature also mask new economic interests. The review shows that local national officials, who are often presented as passive objects of power, actually have enormous interpretive agency, and the aggressive articulation of their exclusionary approach demonstrates specific actionable interventions which enable them to create space and advantage for themselves. The lack of a new articulative strategy means that commitment to local content remains only as paper plans and symbolic gestures.
Quench dynamics and relaxation in isolated integrable quantum spin chains
Authors: Essler Fabian H L , Fagotti Maurizio 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We review the dynamics after quantum quenches in integrable quantum spin chains. We give a pedagogical introduction to relaxation in isolated quantum systems, and discuss the description of the steady state by (generalized) Gibbs ensembles. We then turn to general features in the time evolution of local observables after the quench, using a simple model of free fermions as an example. In the second part we present an overview of recent progress in describing quench dynamics in two key paradigms for quantum integrable models, the transverse field Ising chain and the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain.
Three-dimensional orientation of compact high velocity clouds
Authors: Heitsch F. , Bartell B. , Clark S. E. , Peek J. E. G. , Cheng D. , Putman M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We present a proof-of-concept study of a method to estimate the inclination angle of compact high velocity clouds (CHVCs), i.e. the angle between a CHVC's trajectory and the line of sight. The inclination angle is derived from the CHVC's morphology and kinematics. We calibrate the method with numerical simulations, and we apply it to a sample of CHVCs drawn from HIPASS (Putman et al.). Implications for CHVC distances are discussed.
Hot and dense water in the inner 25 au of SVS13-A
Authors: Codella C. , Ceccarelli C. , Bianchi E. , Podio L. , Bachiller R. , Lefloch B. , Fontani F. , Taquet V. , Testi L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the context of the ASAI (Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM) project, we carried out an unbiased spectral survey in the millimetre window towards the well known low-mass Class I source SVS13-A. The high sensitivity reached (3–12 mK) allowed us to detect at least six HDO broad (full width at half-maximum ∼4–5 km s−1) emission lines with upper level energies up to Eu = 837 K. A non-local thermodynamic equilibrium Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) analysis implies the presence of very hot (150–260 K) and dense (≥3 × 107 cm−3) gas inside a small radius (∼25 au) around the star, supporting, for the first time, the occurrence of a hot corino around a Class I protostar. The temperature is higher than expected for water molecules are sublimated from the icy dust mantles (∼100 K). Although we cannot exclude we are observing the effects of shocks and/or winds at such small scales, this could imply that the observed HDO emission is tracing the water abundance jump expected at temperatures ∼220–250 K, when the activation barrier of the gas phase reactions leading to the formation of water can be overcome. We derive X(HDO) ∼ 3 × 10−6, and a H2O deuteration ≥1.5 × 10−2, suggesting that water deuteration does not decrease as the protostar evolves from the Class 0 to the Class I stage.
High-dose Versus Low-dose Tranexamic Acid to Reduce Transfusion Requirements in Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Johnson Daniel J. , Johnson Christine C. , Goobie Susan M. , Nami Nina , Wetzler Joshua A. , Sponseller Paul D. , Frank Steven M. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Our objective was to quantify blood loss and transfusion requirements for high-dose and low-dose tranexamic acid (TXA) dosing regimens in pediatric patients undergoing spinal fusion for correction of idiopathic scoliosis. Previous investigators have established the efficacy of TXA in pediatric scoliosis surgery; however, the dosing regimens vary widely and the optimal dose has not been established.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records for 116 patients who underwent spinal fusion surgery for idiopathic scoliosis by a single surgeon and were treated with TXA. In total, 72 patients received a 10 mg/kg loading dose with a 1 mg/kg/h maintenance dose (low-dose) and 44 patients received 50 mg/kg loading dose with a 5 mg/kg/h maintenance dose (high-dose). Estimated blood loss and transfusion requirements were compared between dosing groups.

Results:
Patient characteristics were nearly identical between the 2 groups. Compared with the low-dose TXA group, the high-dose TXA group had decreased estimated blood loss (695 vs. 968 mL, P=0.01), and a decrease in both intraoperative (0.3 vs. 0.9 units, P=0.01) and whole hospitalization (0.4 vs. 1.0 units, P=0.04) red blood cell transfusion requirements. The higher-dose TXA was associated with decreased intraoperative (P=0.01), and whole hospital transfusion (P=0.01) requirements, even after risk-adjustment for potential confounding variables.

Conclusions:
High-dose TXA is more effective than low-dose TXA in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level—III, retrospective cohort study.
Fractional microablative CO2 laser for vulvovaginal atrophy in women treated with chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy for breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Pagano Tiziana , De Rosa Pasquale , Vallone Roberta , Schettini Francesco , Arpino Grazia , De Placido Sabino , Nazzaro Giovanni , Locci Mariavittoria , De Placido Giuseppe 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives:
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Hormonal treatment and chemotherapy induce a transient or permanent menopause status. Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a frequent debilitating symptom of menopause that is best treated with local or systemic estrogen formulations. Because estrogens drive the growth of the majority of breast cancers, most effective VVA therapies are precluded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fractional microablative CO2 laser on sexual function and in relieving symptoms in women with breast cancer and VVA induced or exacerbated by iatrogenic menopause.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 26 women affected by hormone-receptor positive breast tumors and treated for VVA symptoms with the fractional microablative CO2 laser system. Every 30 to 40 days, women underwent a cycle of treatment for a total of three cycles. During each cycle, women underwent a gynecological examination and completed visual analog scale questionnaires designed to assess (1) the degree of symptoms and (2) procedure-related discomfort.

Results:
Treatment resulted in a significant regression of VVA symptoms and procedure-related discomfort versus baseline (P < 0.001 in almost all cases). No adverse reactions were observed nor reported by women.

Conclusions:
Fractional microablative CO2 laser treatment is associated with a significant improvement of VVA symptoms in women affected by hormone-driven breast cancer. This procedure has the advantage of relieving iatrogenic/physiological VVA symptoms without resorting to contraindicated estrogen preparations, which have been the most effective therapy thus far.
Central Versus Extraventricular Neurocytoma in Children: A Clinicopathologic Comparison and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zacharoulis Stergios , Morales La Madrid Andres , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Chi Susan N. , Manley Peter , Ullrich Nicole N.J. , Marcus Karen , Goumnerova Liliana , Scott Robert M. , Proctor Mark , Young-Poussaint Tina , De Girolami Umberto , Kieran Mark W. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Central neurocytomas (CN) are rare pediatric CNS tumors most often with a benign clinical course. Occasionally, these tumors occur outside the ventricles and are called extraventricular neurocytomas (EVN). We present a retrospective institutional analysis of children with neurocytoma with prolonged follow-up.

Procedure:
Twelve patients were diagnosed with neurocytoma at our institution between 1993 and 2004.

Results:
Six patients were male and the median age at diagnosis was 12 years (1.5 to 16 y). Seven patients had CN and 5 had EVN. Presenting symptoms included headaches (67%), vomiting (50%), nausea (33%), seizures (33%), and mental status changes (25%). Obstructive hydrocephalus was present at diagnosis in 42% of the cases. Younger age and seizures were more common in patients with EVN. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 42% (5/12) of the patients. Patients with GTR received no adjuvant therapy upfront; 1 patient subsequently had recurrence with leptomeningeal disease. Patients with subtotal resection received additional treatment: 1 underwent reoperation (GTR), 2 patients received focal radiation, 2 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 2 patients received craniospinal irradiation followed by chemotherapy. The 20-year overall survival for this cohort was 83% with event free survival of 56%. Overall survival for CNs was 100%, versus 40% for EVN. Event free survival for CNs was 57% and 53% for the EVNs. An MIB-1 fraction >2% was associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions:
Neurocytomas are rare brain tumors in children usually cured with GTR. Adjuvant focal radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy may improve disease control in cases with subtotal resection, but case-by-case analysis should be done. EVNs might be associated with worse outcome due to a higher proliferative index.
Rice Root Architectural Plasticity Traits and Genetic Regions for Adaptability to Variable Cultivation and Stress Conditions
Authors: Sandhu Nitika , Raman K. Anitha , Torres Rolando O. , Audebert Alain , Dardou Audrey , Kumar Arvind , Henry Amelia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Future rice (Oryza sativa) crops will likely experience a range of growth conditions, and root architectural plasticity will be an important characteristic to confer adaptability across variable environments. In this study, the relationship between root architectural plasticity and adaptability (i.e. yield stability) was evaluated in two traditional × improved rice populations (Aus 276 × MTU1010 and Kali Aus × MTU1010). Forty contrasting genotypes were grown in direct-seeded upland and transplanted lowland conditions with drought and drought + rewatered stress treatments in lysimeter and field studies and a low-phosphorus stress treatment in a Rhizoscope study. Relationships among root architectural plasticity for root dry weight, root length density, and percentage lateral roots with yield stability were identified. Selected genotypes that showed high yield stability also showed a high degree of root plasticity in response to both drought and low phosphorus. The two populations varied in the soil depth effect on root architectural plasticity traits, none of which resulted in reduced grain yield. Root architectural plasticity traits were related to 13 (Aus 276 population) and 21 (Kali Aus population) genetic loci, which were contributed by both the traditional donor parents and MTU1010. Three genomic loci were identified as hot spots with multiple root architectural plasticity traits in both populations, and one locus for both root architectural plasticity and grain yield was detected. These results suggest an important role of root architectural plasticity across future rice crop conditions and provide a starting point for marker-assisted selection for plasticity.
Empirical evidence on disclosure and risk-taking of banks in Ghana
Authors: Kuranchie-Pong Lydia , Bokpin Godfred Alufa , Andoh Charles 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to empirically examine the relationship between disclosure and risk-taking of banks in Ghana. The study also aims to gain an insight into the general risk-taking behaviour of banks in Ghana for the period 2007-2011.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used panel regression model and relate risk-taking to disclosure, controlling for bank size, profitability, liquidity and treasury bill rate. Disclosure scores from a disclosure index are used as a measure of disclosure, likewise Z-score as a measure of total risk. Also, the ratio of provisions for loan losses to gross loans by each bank for each year was used to examine the general risk-taking behaviour of Ghanaian banks.

Findings
The study revealed that the election year and the immediate subsequent year are characterized by an increase in non-performing loans. Greater disclosure is associated with more risk-taking and vice versa. This implies that market discipline is not effective in Ghana. Treasury bill rate, profitability and liquidity were found to be economically meaningful and statistically significant in influencing risk-taking of banks in Ghana.

Originality/value
As there are relatively few studies conducted in this area, specifically among banks in Ghana, this study will broaden the scope of the literature on disclosure and risk-taking by providing empirical evidence.
Value creation and sustainability in knowledge-based strategies
Authors: Iazzolino Gianpaolo , Laise Domenico 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to place the value creation process within sustainable growth strategies. Building on Drucker (1968, 1999a, b), Pulic (2000, 2004, 2008) and other papers by the same authors (Iazzolino and Laise, 2013) the specific aim of this research is to propose an accounting-based framework able to: distinguish between knowledge-intensive firms (KIFs) and nonknowledge intensive firms (nonKIFs); and investigate the contribution of the two sets of firms (KIFs and nonKIFs) to overall sustainability, from a social point of view, of the economic system.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses the notion of value added (VA) (Pulic, 2000, 2004, 2008) as the main indicator to measure the value creation in a knowledge economy context. As regard the first point of the framework, the approach is based on the analysis of VA and its components, starting from a reinterpretation of the concept of value added intellectual coefficient made by the same authors of this paper. An empirical analysis based on the composition of VA in ten Italian industries, by using an overall sample of 1,000 firms, has been carried out and is described in the paper. As regards the second point, the paper analyses, from a theoretical point of view, the necessary conditions to set up a sustainable value creation strategy in social terms, using the conceptual categories introduced by Drucker (1968, 1999a, b) and Pulic (2000, 2004, 2008).Findings– From results of the empirical analysis it emerges that: first, in traditional industries the weight of the cost of employees on VA (human capital investments) is less than the other sectors (low human capital intensity). In these sectors the value creation strategy is mainly based on “dead knowledge,” embedded in machines (physical capital); and second, in nontraditional industries (consulting, advertising, research, etc.) the economic value creation is mainly based on “living knowledge,” embedded in human resources (high human capital intensity). In these sectors we have lower productivity of work (VA/human capital) and higher employment.Practical implications– The framework proposed makes it possible to reduce the risk of myopic valuation of economic performance. Through this methodology it is possible to highlight the effects of sustainable strategies based on knowledge investments oriented toward the stakeholder value theory and corporate social responsibility. The approach can be very useful for top managers and for accountants, as it underlines the importance of the VA income statement and constructs a strong link to the themes of knowledge management.Originality/value– The originality and the value of this methodological proposal can be appreciated by taking into account that in the literature there is no accounting-based methodology that is able to identify: the knowledge-intensive firms; and the firms that can contribute to overall social sustainability, within the set of all firms.
Study tours and the diversification of cultural capital acquisition
Authors: Slotkin Michael H. , Vamosi Alexander R. , Perez Enrique M. , Durie Christopher J. , Eisenberg Jarin R. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to provide evidence on the role study tours play in expanding student cultural capital via increased confidence in international travel.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, survey data from individuals who participated in a study tour experience offered by a Florida-based university are analyzed for the assessment of cultural capital acquisition across select demographic types. Results are derived for paired difference tests as well as differences in population means.

Findings
Findings indicate that students participating in study tours did, in fact, gain confidence in engaging in international travel, especially so for first-time passport users and female participants.

Research limitations/implications
The study was limited because of the size of the sample population. It is likely that significant relationships via other demographic cohorts will unfold as program participation increases.

Practical implications
Study tours represent a viable pathway for the acquisition of cultural capital.

Social implications
Study tours present a unique means of providing students a first-hand global experience, and when marketed to a non-traditional student population, offer opportunities for acquisition of cultural and social capital that could not be achieved through non-experiential means.

Originality/value
The results of this study show that the study tour experience enriched the cultural capital of student participants through an increase in confidence associated with traveling abroad. The benefits of the study tour were widespread, as virtually, all population groups analyzed tended to gain confidence in traveling abroad, even those who had prior experience traveling internationally. This paper also suggests future pathways for research based on other demographic cohorts.