bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting responses of functional diversity to major losses in taxonomic diversity
Authors: Edie Stewart M. , Jablonski David , Valentine James W. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Global biodiversity consists not only of the sum of taxonomic units such as species, but also of their ecological or functional variety. These two components of biodiversity might be expected to rise or fall in tandem, but we find they are capable of strikingly independent behavior. In three major declines in taxonomic diversity—spatially from equator to poles today and temporally in the Permian–Triassic and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinctions—only the first one shows a concomitant drop in the number of functional groups, whereas virtually all functional categories survived the extinction events. We present a conceptual framework for understanding this contrast, and we suggest that the differing behavior of these two biodiversity components will be important in anticipating the impacts of impending losses in today’s biota.
The partial productivity of schematic idioms in Chinese
Authors: Liu Li , Cheung Hin Tat 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIdiomatic expressions are generally manifested as lexically fixed. Yet some expressions allow lexical variations in their open slots and thus show certain degree of productivity in actual use. How young children acquire the productive use of idiomatic expressions, however, has rarely been addressed in current literature. The present study explores the developmental trajectory in learning idiom productivity by targeting the quadra-syllabic schematic idioms in Chinese. Results of two Graded Acceptability Judgment tests showed that acquisition of the selective productivity of schematic idioms may undergo an interactive process shaped by its token frequency, structural complexity, inherent semantic relation and the chunk effect of its open morphemes at different age levels. Findings in the studies are further discussed in relation to the emergentist model in idiom learning.
Ellipsis of terms of address and reference in casual communication events in Vietnamese
Authors: Ton Thoai Nu-Linh 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
There is a general view that pro-drop only occurs in languages with either a ‘rich’ inflectional system (Taraldsen 1978; Chomsky 1981; Jaeggli 1982; Suñer 1982), or in languages whose pronouns are agglutinating for case, number, or other nominal feature (Huang 1989; Neeleman & Szendrői 2005). The Vietnamese language fits neither of these categories. The explanation of the phenomenon of ellipsis of terms of address and reference (toa) in this paper is, therefore, not based on these morphological grounds. Rather, it is presented from a pragmatic perspective, which employs discourse analysis as its major methodology. The paper attempts to demonstrate the fact that although Vietnamese is not a pro-drop language in its traditional definition, ellipsis of toa in casual communication events among Vietnamese speakers is very common, and highly situational. In other words, these elliptic items in this case are referred to as references “in a form of situational (exophoric) presupposition” (Halliday & Hasan 1976: 145).
Plant mutation breeding for the improvement of vegetatively propagated crops: successes and challenges.
Authors: Bado S. , Yamba N. G. G. , Sesay J. V. , Laimer M. , Forster B. P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Many staple food crops, such as banana, cassava, potato, sweet potato, sugarcane, taro, yam, are propagated vegetatively. Crop improvement using vegetative propagules has special challenges compared with breeding of seed propagated species. Genetic variability is a fundamental necessity for crop improvement; this may be available within the germplasm used by breeders, or may be induced. Mutation breeding can provide a rapid and effective means of crop improvement for both seed and vegetatively propagated crops. Most successes in mutation breeding have been with seed crops as seeds are easy to treat and handle. Mutation induction of vegetatively propagated crops has lagged behind, as a more varied range of target plant materials, and thereby methods, are required. Developments in a range of biotechnologies, but especially cell and tissue culture, provide new and efficient tools for the propagation of target materials, mutation induction, mutant population development and selection. Methods developed for vegetatively propagated crops may also be used in crops with a normal fertile system, but have long life cycles (e.g. fruit trees), where the methods can accelerate the production of new cultivars. This review describes new developments and opportunities for plant mutation breeding in vegetatively propagated crops.
Arthropod pests of date palm and their management.
Authors: El-Shafie H. A. F. , Abdel-Banat B. M. A. , Al-Hajhoj M. R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This review lists 132 species of insect and mite pests associated with date palm (
Phoenix dactylifera
L.) grown worldwide. These species are distributed among eight insect orders and 30 families, besides one order of mite comprising nine families. Most of the species (52) were reported on the leaf (frond), while 26 species were associated with the roots and trunk. Green fruits with their stalks and stored dates hosted 27 species each. Coleoptera represented 41% of the listed pest species, followed by Hemiptera (20%), Acari (16%) and Lepidoptera (12%). Although the number of date palm pest species seems to be high, only a few species are considered major pests of economic importance. The major pests include the red palm weevil, (
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
), old world date mite (
Oligonychus afrasiaticus
), lesser date moth (
Batrachedra amydraula
), Dubas date bug (
Ommatissus lybicus
), green pit scale (
Palmaspis phoenicis
), carob moth (
Ectomyelois ceratoniae
), date palm longhorn beetle (
Jebusaea hammerschmidti
), and almond moth (
Cadra cautella
). The review also lists 90 species of predators and parasitoids representing nine orders and 23 families, indicating their potential role in date palm pest management. The paper summarizes the current knowledge on management tactics including monitoring, agrotechnical measures, biological control, semiochemical-based control and chemical control. The implementation of integrated pest management strategies against major pests, based on the above-mentioned tactics, is discussed. The information gathered in this review indicates that strict quarantine, semiochemicals including pheromones and training and education of farmers are expected to play a central role in area-wide IPM of major date palm pests.
A novel function of geranylgeraniol in regulating testosterone production
Authors: Ho Hsin-Jung , Shirakawa Hitoshi , Giriwono Puspo E , Ito Asagi , Komai Michio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Isoprenoids play widely differing roles in various physiological processes in animals and plants. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is an isoprenoid found in plants, and is an important metabolic derivative in the isoprenoid/cholesterol synthesis pathway. Earlier studies focused on GGOH’s ability to improve the side effects of bisphosphonate therapy by regulating the mevalonate pathway. More recently, the mevalonate pathway-independent effects of GGOH have been described, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and neuroprotective activities. It is noteworthy that GGOH regulates the steroidogenesis pathway in testis-derived I-10 tumor cells. Testosterone is a hormone produced via steroidogenesis in testicles and plays a role in fetal development and the male reproductive system. GGOH enhanced testosterone and progesterone (its precursor) levels in I-10 cells by activating adenylate cyclase via cAMP/PKA signaling, without altering phosphodiesterase activity. These findings highlight the potential benefits of GGOH as a therapeutic agent for low testosterone levels, such as late-onset hypogonadism in men.
Graph-theoretic approach for structural controllability of two-dimensional linear systems
Authors: Elosmani Aissa Omar , Bouagada Djillali , Chadli Mohammed 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this work is to present some criteria of structural-controllability relative to a certain structural two-dimensional linear systems. The most important property of two-dimensional systems is that the information is spread in two independent directions. To study their structural-controllability, we considered a new structural digraph associated with the different structural two-dimensional linear systems. The construction of this structural digraph is based on the disjoint-union graph notion, which translates the independence of the two dynamics, and consider separately the horizontal and vertical part of the state space model representation of two-dimensional systems. We define the two-dimensional disjoint-union digraph of structural Givone–Roesser model, and determine the two-dimensional disjoint-union digraph of structural Fornasini–Marchesini model, finally we derive a criteria based on the two-dimensional disjoint-union digraph.
A Comparative Analysis of Sepsis Identification Methods in an Electronic Database*
Authors: Johnson Alistair E. W. , Aboab Jerome , Raffa Jesse D. , Pollard Tom J. , Deliberato Rodrigo O. , Celi Leo A. , Stone David J. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
To evaluate the relative validity of criteria for the identification of sepsis in an ICU database.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study of adult ICU admissions from 2008 to 2012.

Setting:
Tertiary teaching hospital in Boston, MA.

Patients:
Initial admission of all adult patients to noncardiac surgical ICUs.

Interventions:
Comparison of five different algorithms for retrospectively identifying sepsis, including the Sepsis-3 criteria.

Measurements and Main Results:
11,791 of 23,620 ICU admissions (49.9%) met criteria for the study. Within this subgroup, 59.9% were suspected of infection on ICU admission, 75.2% of admissions had Sequential Organ Failure Assessment greater than or equal to 2, and 49.1% had both suspicion of infection and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment greater than or equal to 2 thereby meeting the Sepsis-3 criteria. The area under the receiver operator characteristic of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (0.74) for hospital mortality was consistent with previous studies of the Sepsis-3 criteria. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Angus, Martin, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and explicit coding methods for identifying sepsis revealed respective sepsis incidences of 31.9%, 28.6%, 14.7%, 11.0%, and 9.0%. In-hospital mortality increased with decreasing cohort size, ranging from 30.1% (explicit codes) to 14.5% (Sepsis-3 criteria). Agreement among the criteria was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.40–0.62).

Conclusions:
The new organ dysfunction-based Sepsis-3 criteria have been proposed as a clinical method for identifying sepsis. These criteria identified a larger, less severely ill cohort than that identified by previously used administrative definitions. The Sepsis-3 criteria have several advantages over prior methods, including less susceptibility to coding practices changes, provision of temporal context, and possession of high construct validity. However, the Sepsis-3 criteria also present new challenges, especially when calculated retrospectively. Future studies on sepsis should recognize the differences in outcome incidence among identification methods and contextualize their findings according to the different cohorts identified.
Nonejecting Hearts on Femoral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Aortic Root Blood Stasis and Thrombus Formation—A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hireche-Chikaoui Hanane , Grübler Martin R. , Bloch Andreas , Windecker Stephan , Bloechlinger Stefan , Hunziker Lukas 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Cardiogenic shock constitutes the final common pathway of cardiac dysfunction associated with tissue hypoperfusion and organ failure. Besides treatment of the underlying cause, temporary mechanical circulatory support serves as a supportive measure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can effectively prevent hypoxemia and end-organ dysfunction, but knowledge about patient selection, risks, and complications remains sparse.

Data Sources:
Clinical observation.

Study Selection:
Case report and review of the literature.

Data Extraction:
Relevant clinical information. Online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID, were searched for previous publications.

Data Synthesis:
We report six cases of patients in refractory cardiogenic shock receiving emergency femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support complicated by echocardiographic evidence of absent blood flow, sedimentation, and thrombus formation in the aortic root.

Conclusions:
Patients in cardiogenic shock who require femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support are at risk of developing a state of nonejecting heart with thrombus formation in the aortic root. Echocardiography is the cornerstone of diagnosis and documentation of treatment effects. Depending on the likelihood of the presence of clinically relevant thrombotic material in the aortic root, we propose a treatment algorithm for this group of high-risk patients.
The Association Between Macula and ONH Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) Vessel Densities in Glaucoma, Glaucoma Suspect, and Healthy Eyes
Authors: Manalastas Patricia I. C. , Zangwill Linda M. , Daga Fabio B. , Christopher Mark A. , Saunders Luke J. , Shoji Takuhei , Akagi Tadamichi , Penteado Rafaella C. , Yarmohammadi Adeleh , Suh Min H. , Medeiros Felipe A. , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate strength of associations between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-angiography vessel density (VD) measurements in the macula and peripapillary region of the optic nerve head (ONH) with standard structural OCT thickness measures.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 333 eyes of 219 primary open-angle glaucoma patients, 41 glaucoma suspects, and 73 healthy participants from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) with good quality OCT angiography images. The strength of associations between microvasculature measures in the ONH retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and superficial macula layer was assessed using linear regression models. Associations between ONH and macula VD, and circumpapillary (cp) RNFL thickness and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) measures were also evaluated.

Results:
The strength (r
2) of associations among VD and thickness measures of ONH and macula ranged from 14.1% to 69.4%; all were statistically significant (P<0.001). The association between ONH and macula whole-image VD (r
2=41.0%) was significantly weaker than the relationship between mGCC and cpRNFL thickness (r
2=69.4%, P<0.001). Although both cpRNFL and mGCC thicknesses tended to be more strongly associated with ONH VD (r
2=39.2% and 26.7%, respectively) than macula VD (r
2=27.5% and 17.7%, respectively), differences did not reach statistical significance (P=0.050 and P=0.113, respectively).

Conclusions:
The strength of the association of VD with cpRNFL and mGCC thicknesses varies by retinal layer. The weaker association of macula VD compared with ONH VD with tissue thickness may be due to differences in micorovasculature between the macula and ONH.
Outcome Following Laser Peripheral Iridotomy and Predictors of Future Lens Extraction
Authors: Bo Jenny , Changulani Tulsi , Cheng Mei-Ling , Tatham Andrew J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To examine the outcome of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for primary angle closure and determine predictors of future lens extraction (LE).

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 218 eyes from 128 consecutive patients undergoing LPI between 2010 and 2012 at a university hospital. Baseline factors including age, peak intraocular pressure (IOP) before LPI, diagnosis (primary angle closure suspect, primary angle closure, primary angle closure glaucoma), and acute or non–acute presentation were recorded. Patients were followed for 3.7±1.6 years. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to examine survival times to LE and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify factors associated with LE.

Results:
In total, 91 of 218 eyes (41.7%) initially treated with LPI had LE during follow-up. For eyes with non–acute presentation, 12%, 25%, and 32% had LE at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. For eyes with acute presentation, 27%, 42%, and 50% had LE at 1, 2, and 3 years. In univariable analysis, older age, higher IOP, worse visual field, and primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis were associated with LE, with older age and higher IOP remaining significant in multivariable analysis. There was a 1.09-fold increased odds of LE for each year older at baseline and each 1 mm Hg higher IOP was associated with a 1.08-fold increased odds of LE.

Conclusions:
A large proportion of patients with angle closure treated with LPI went on to require LE. Patients with features associated with higher odds of LE might be considered for LE as a primary procedure.
Ab Interno Tube Occlusion for Postoperative Hypotony in a Patient With an Ahmed Glaucoma Drainage Device
Authors: Feinstein Max , Moussa Kareem , Han Ying 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of Ahmed glaucoma valve-induced hypotony that was successfully managed with postoperative intraluminal stenting of the aqueous shunt tube.

Patient and Methods:
We describe a 68-year-old man with advanced uveitic glaucoma with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 25 mm Hg in the left eye. The patient initially responded well to an Ahmed glaucoma valve implant, but at 10 weeks postimplantation, the patient underwent cataract surgery and developed persistent hypotony, choroidal folds, and decreased vision.

Results:
Before partial occlusion of the aqueous shunt tube, the patient had an IOP of 3 mm Hg and a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/60. Following intraluminal stenting of the aqueous shunt tube with 4-0 polypropylene suture (Prolene; Ethican), IOP rose from 7 to 10 mm Hg, BCVA improved to 20/30, and the choroidal folds resolved; IOP and BCVA remained stable through 1 year of follow-up and no additional surgical or pharmacological interventions were required.

Conclusions:
Aqueous shunt-induced hypotony can be successfully managed with intraluminal stenting and should be considered before tubal ligation or shunt removal.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Description of Ocular Decompression Retinopathy After Deep Sclerectomy in Traumatic Glaucoma
Authors: Salinas Lauriane , Chaudhary Ankita , Mansouri Kaweh 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to present a case of ocular decompression retinopathy (ODR) occurring after uncomplicated deep sclerectomy with Mitomycin C using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Patient and Method:
This is a single case report.

Results:
A 55-year-old man with traumatic glaucoma in the right eye complained of blurred vision. Visual acuity was 20/25 and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 50 mm Hg. Deep sclerectomy with Mitomycin C was performed. On the first postoperative day, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was light perception and IOP was 6 mm Hg. At 3 months follow-up, BCVA was 20/40 and IOP was 14 mm Hg. Fundoscopy showed multiple diffuse round retinal hemorrhages over the posterior pole, in all quadrants. On OCTA (RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA), hemorrhages were present in superficial and deep retinal layers, with a normal vascularization in the en face image. BCVA improved to 20/32 at postoperative month 4 with reduced but persistent retinal hemorrhages.

Conclusions:
ODR is a rare complication of filtering surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of ODR occurring after deep sclerectomy and first description using OCTA. OCTA showed superficial and deep retinal hemorrhages with a normal vascular configuration. High-preoperative IOP seems to be the most important risk factor for this complication.
Role of DNA copy number variation in dyslipidemias
Authors: Iacocca Michael A. , Hegele Robert A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
DNA copy number variations (CNVs) are quantitative structural rearrangements that include deletions, duplications, and higher order amplifications. Because of technical limitations, the contribution of this common form of genetic variation to regulation of lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia has been underestimated.

Recent findings
Recent literature involving CNVs and dyslipidemias has focused mainly on rare CNVs causing familial hypercholesterolemia, and a common CNV polymorphism as the major determinant of lipoprotein(a) plasma concentrations. Additionally, there is tantalizing evidence of largely uninvestigated but plausible presence of CNVs underlying other dyslipidemias. We also discuss the future role of improved technologies in facilitating more economic, routine CNV assessment in dyslipidemias.

Summary
CNVs account for large proportion of human genetic variation and are already known to contribute to susceptibility of dyslipidemias, particularly in about 10% of familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Increasing availability of clinical next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics presents a cost-effective opportunity for novel CNV discoveries in dyslipidemias.
Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in China
Authors: Jia Xiaoyue , Du Peiling , Wu Kusheng , Xu Zhenxi , Fang Jiaying , Xu Xiaoling , Lin Kun 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
During the last decade, the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer in China has significantly increased. We analyzed data for the period 1991–2014 to investigate the distribution of mortality rates and predict trends for the next 5 years.

Methods
We obtained the pancreatic mortality data from the Chinese cancer annual report. Trend surface analysis was applied to study the geographical distribution. We used curve estimation, time series, grey box modeling, and joinpoint regression to predict the mortality rate.

Results
Standardized pancreatic cancer mortality rate increased during 1991–2014 and might peak in the ensuing 5 years in China. The mortality rate was higher among elderly people and in urban and northeast/eastern areas than among young people and in rural and middle/western areas.

Conclusions
Pancreatic cancer mortality shows an increasing trend, which is related to the socioeconomic development of China and the ageing of the population. Prevention strategies should be aimed at urban men 45 years or older, especially those residing in higher-mortality rate areas.