bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors Affecting Survival of Patients after Liver Resection Due to Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Petrovski Stefan , Arabadzhieva Elena , Bonev Saso , Bulanov Dimitar , Popov Valentin , Dimitrova Violeta 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction. Colorectal liver metastases have a poor prognosis and only 2% have an average 5-year survival if left untreated. In recent decades there has been a development in the diagnosis, treatment and palliative treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases, and despite radical resection the average five-year survival is between 25% and 44%.
Aim. To explore the experience of the Clinic in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases, comparing it with data from the literature and based on the comparison to determine the prognostic factors that affect survival after radical surgical treatment of patients.
Methods. A retrospective study was conducted at the Clinic of General and Hepato-pancreatic Surgery at the University Hospital “Aleksandrovska”-Sofia. The study comprised the period between 01.01.2006 to 31.12.2015. It included a total of 239 cases, of whom: 179 patients underwent radical interventions, 5 palliative and 55 patients underwent explorative interventions due to liver metastases. Clinical and pathological materials were analyzed using SPSS-19 to determine the prognostic significance of a number of factors in relation to the survival: gender, age, type and localization of metastases, postoperative stage of the primary tumor, type and volume of liver resection, extrahepatic metastases, preoperative values of CEA, postoperative values (AST, ALT).
Results. Factors that correlated with lower survival type: metastases (synchronous or metachronus), localization of metastases (uni-or bilobar), presence of the regional lymph node metastases and metastases to other distant organs and the impossibility of radical resection of liver were statistically significant with multivariant analysis. Elevated preoperative value of CEA, the value of hemoglobin and stage IV disease also affected the survival of patients.
Conclusion. In patients with colorectal liver metastases only resection has potentially curative character. The surgical strategy for resection in context of increasing the percentage of patients with resectable potential is the only possible factor for long-term survival.
Dandy Walker and Extreme Macrocephaly Caused by Enormous Occipital Encephalocele
Authors: Mirchevski Vladimir , Zogovska Elizabeta , Chaparoski Aleksandar , Kostov Milenko , Micunovic Michun , Bushinoska Jasna , Srceva Marija , Mirchevski Mirko Mishel , Shuntov Blagoj 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction. Dandy-Walker syndrome is a congenital brain malformation involving cerebellum with partial and complete vermian agenesis, enlargement of the fourth ventricle and surrounding fluid spaces, cyst formation in posterior cranial fosse pushing tentorium upward [1,2]. Hydrocephalus or an increase in the pressure of the fluid spaces may also be present or other malformation as corpus calosum hypoplasia or agenesia, occipital encephalocele, malformation of the heart, face, limbs fingers and toes [3-5].
The symptoms often occur in early infancy and include slow motor development and progressive enlargement of the skull. The diagnostic is done by ultrasound, CT and MRI [6-11].
The treatment of this syndrome may be complex and sometimes includes various experts such as pediatrician, pediatric neurosurgeon, physiatrist, psychologist, sociologist or others. The treatment consists of treating the associated problems such as hydrocephaly [12-15]. Prognosis of Dandy-Walker syndrome is variable and the morbidity and mortality depends on severity of the syndrome and associated malformations [16].
Aim. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate how severe spontaneous evolution of Dandy-Walker syndrome may be expressed and the problems and dilemmas which may appear related to its treatment.
Case report. A six-year-old boy was referred to the neurosurgeon because of the excessive growth of the skull in anteroposterior axis caused by a wide base occipital encephalocele. Although the psychological development was near the low limit of the IQ, the enormous head had not allowed verticalization of the child and further progress of his psychomotor development. The head was so heavy that could not be supported by the child’s neck.
Surgical procedure. We performed a cranial skull reduction with primary cranioplasty assisted by a plastic surgeon and Pudentz shunt procedure.
Result. The follow-up period lasted two years. The child started to walk, hypotonia and Babinski signs disappeared, communication and his IQ improved. The esthetic results are quite acceptable allowing him better development.
Conclusion. The early recognition of anomalies such as Dandy-Walker syndrome with occipital encephalocele using ultrasound may suggest interruption of the pregnancy on time [6-9]. However, the right diagnostic procedure for detecting deformities of the newborn and infant’s head at birth is MRI, and the adequate surgical treatment can prevent abnormal and excessive growth of the skull and disorders in the psychomotor development during child’s growth. A multidisciplinary approach may prevent new disabled individuals in the society.
Infra-sound cancellation and mitigation in wind turbines
Authors: Boretti Albert , Ordys Andrew , Al Zubaidy Sarim 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The infra-sound spectra recorded inside homes located even several kilometres far from wind turbine installations is characterized by large pressure fluctuation in the low frequency range. There is a significant body of literature suggesting inaudible sounds at low frequency are sensed by humans and affect the wellbeing through different mechanisms. These mechanisms include amplitude modulation of heard sounds, stimulating subconscious pathways, causing endolymphatic hydrops, and possibly potentiating noise-induced hearing loss. We suggest the study of infra-sound active cancellation and mitigation to address the low frequency noise issues. Loudspeakers generate pressure wave components of same amplitude and frequency but opposite phase of the recorded infra sound. They also produce pressure wave components within the audible range reducing the perception of the infra-sound to minimize the sensing of the residual infra sound.
Egophoricity, Involvement, and Semantic Roles in Tibeto-Burman Languages
Authors: Widmer Manuel , Zúñiga Fernando 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, we explore typological aspects of egophoricity marking based on selected Tibeto- Burman languages. Conceptualizing egophoricity as an autonomous grammatical category that marks access to knowledge, we first discuss how egophoricity marking interacts with evidentiality in the Tibeto-Burman languages Shigatse Tibetan and Bunan. We then go on to explore the differences between the egophoricity systems of Shigatse Tibetan and Bunan, arguing that the variability of egophoricity within and across languages can be captured if we distinguish (i) constructions in which egophoricity markers express privileged access to knowledge due to actional involvement in the role of an event participant from (ii) constructions in which egophoricity markers express privileged access to knowledge due to epistemic involvement in the role of a “knower” whose precise relation to the event is not specified. We additionally introduce a set of five semantic roles to offer a more detailed description of the egophoricity systems of Shigatse Tibetan and Bunan (and also, albeit marginally, Kathmandu Newar and Galo). This study thus offers a new perspective on the variability of egophoricity systems in Tibeto-Burman and propagates an analytical approach that may also be helpful for analyzing egophoricity systems in other language families of the world.
SWIMMING – THE STRUCTURE AND VOLUME OF TRAINING LOADS IN THE FOUR-YEAR TRAINING CYCLE OF AN ELITE OLYMPIC ATHLETE
Authors: Słomiński Paweł , Nowacka Aleksandra 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction. The improvement of outcomes in sport requires the creation of appropriate conditions for training and the search for more effective forms of its organisation and effective technology. Starting with this belief, the aim of the work is to identify the size and structure of the training loads and determine the effectiveness of the training process of an elite athlete in the Olympic macrocycle (2004-2008). Material and methods. We analysed loads in the four-year training cycle from 2004 to 2008. The parameters of the loads relating to the intensity (T1-T5) and type of training (general, special, and specific) were analysed. The present study also attempted to assess the impact of the work on the results obtained. Due to the nature of the competitive effort, we used the measurable parameter of distance (m, km) in the load analysis depending on the type and intensity of the physical effort. Results. This work reports on the implementation of a specially designed four-year training programme. The material gathered and the conclusions resulting from its analysis have made it possible to identify organisational and training solutions suitable for the athletic proficiency phase. The analysis of training loads indicated that in the training of a highly skilled swimmer, the general work is particularly important and that the largest volume was realised in the second intensity range (T2). Conclusions. The positive training and competition outcomes were the result of a deliberate training process. The training proved to be effective, leading to an increase in the athlete’s training status. This was achieved primarily owing to the training loads, which were accurately planned and implemented according to the special requirements of the race distance and the individual characteristics of the swimmer.
Intercultural Interactions in a Military Context
Authors: Georgieva Valentina , Marinov Petar 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The article focuses on the impact of various factors on the process of communication between military specialists and with the local civilians during peace support operations. The importance of religion, national and ethnic identities, military subculture, social status, and personal characteristics for achieving success or failure in interactions is underlined. Some differences between civil culture and military culture are disclosed and the need for cultural knowledge of the military members is stressed. The study is based on presenting and analysing situations of current intercultural interactions in Afghanistan, which deal with various problems that could be encountered by servicemen on a daily basis, i.e. body language differences, expression of friendly, unfriendly or indifferent attitude, typical reactions to gestures, common everyday topics for informal chats. Although the cultural interactions take place in present-day Afghanistan, the conclusions and suggestions are applicable to a much wider context of interacting between people with different cultural background.
Simultaneous pure laparoscopic resection of primary colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a single institution experience with propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Ivanecz Arpad , Krebs Bojan , Stozer Andraz , Jagric Tomaz , Plahuta Irena , Potrc Stojan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of pure laparoscopic and open simultaneous resection of both the primary colorectal cancer and synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM).

Patients and methods
From 2000 to 2016 all patients treated by simultaneous resection were assessed for entry in this single center, clinically nonrandomized trial. A propensity score matching was used to compare the laparoscopic group (LAP) to open surgery group (OPEN). Primary endpoints were perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
Of the 82 patients identified who underwent simultaneous liver resection for SCLM, 10 patients underwent LAP. All these consecutive patients from LAP were matched to 10 comparable OPEN. LAP reduced the length of hospital stay (P = 0.044) and solid food oral intake was faster (P = 0.006) in this group. No patient undergoing the laparoscopic procedure experienced conversion to the open technique. No difference was observed in operative time, blood loss, transfusion rate, narcotics requirement, clinical risk score, resection margin, R0 resections rate, morbidity, mortality and incisional hernias rate. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of the 3-year OS rate (90 vs. 75%; P = 0.842) and DFS rate (60 vs. 57%; P = 0.724).

Conclusions
LAP reduced the length of hospital stay and offers faster solid food oral intake. Comparable oncologic and survival outcomes can be achieved. LAP is beneficial for well selected patients in high volume centers with appropriate expertise.
The Theme of “A New Lost Generation” in the Production of Prešov National Theatre
Authors: Knopová Elena 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The authoress elucidates the concepts of generations and generational affiliation, while focusing on various names and characteristics referring to a group of young people born during the 1980s and early 1990s. She introduces Generation Y, also called Millennials, and gives a short characteristic of a generation referred to as the Lost Generation, the Set-aside Generation, the Scarred Generation. She captures the external manifestations of the generation together with inner mechanisms and motives resulting in these manifestations. Using the example of Prešov National Theatre (PND) and its production, she introduces a new concept referred to as “A New Lost Generation”. The authoress endeavours to define it in Slovak context through the partial analyses of the plays included in Prešovská trilógia (Single radicals (2013), Kindervajco (2015), Good place to die (2015), [Prešov Trilogy (Single Radicals (2013), The Kinder Egg (2015), A Good Place to Die (2015)].
Genetic Variation in Growth and Blister-Rust Resistance in a Pinus strobus x P. wallichiana Hybrid Population
Authors: Blada I. 
Published: November 2017

Summary
This experiment consists in a controlled crossing according to a factorial design performed between 7 female trees of P. strobus and 4 male trees of P. wallichiana to combine the rapid growth of former species with high resistance to Cronartium ribicola of the latter one. The hybrid families were artificially inoculated at age 2, and field planted at age 6. Blister rust resistance (BRR), tree survival (TS), total height growth, (H) annual height growth (h), diameter (D), basal area (BA), stem volume (V), stems straightness (SS) and branch thickness (BT) were the traits measured at age 17. Statistical analysis produced the results presented below. Significant (p<0.05) and highly significant (p<0.01; p<0.001) differences were found among hybrid families. Differences among female effects were highly significant (p<0.001) for all tested traits including BRR, suggesting that nuclear additive genes controlled these traits. Significant differences were found among male parents for H but no significant differences for BRR; therefore, all four male parents transmitted a similar level of resistance. The ratio σ2
GCA/σ2
SCA variance accounted for 8.1 for BRR, 8.5 for H, 3.5 for V, 9.3 for SS and 1.9 for BT. Similarly, the ratios of σ2
GCA-F /σ2
GCA-M variance due to female parents were 70.5 for BRR, 23.6 for H, 1.0 for V, 0.4 for SS and 1.0 for BT, were found. Narrow-sense heritabilities, at individual level, were low to moderately high, ranging between 0.085 for BT and 0.421 for BRR. By comparison with the mean of P. strobus parent species, the BRR heterosis was highly positive, but negative for all growth traits. If the hybrids will be used in operational planting programs, a significant genetic gain for BRR and growth traits could be achieved.
The Effect of Inbreeding on Early Growth of Acacia mangium in Vietnam
Authors: Harwood C. E. , Thinh Ha Huy , Quang Tran Ho , Butcher P. A. , Williams E. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeeds were collected from each of twelve parent trees from each of six seed orchards of Acacia mangium in different locations in Vietnam to examine the relationship between growth and inbreeding in this species. Seedlings were raised and planted out in a field trial at Ba Vi in northern Vietnam. The inbreeding status (self-fertilized or outcrossed) of most of the seedlings was determined by DNA analysis. Heights were measured at 12 and 18 months, and diameter at breast height (dbh) at 18 months. There were significant differences in growth between the six orchard sources at 18 months. Progeny from two orchards based primarily on Papua New Guinea (PNG) provenances with high levels of outcrossing displayed the best growth, with mean heights of 3.1 m at 18 months, while an orchard also based primarily on PNG provenances but with predominantly selfed progeny, and another orchard based on Queensland provenances with 51% selfed progeny, displayed the poorest growth (mean heights of 2.0 m and 2.2 m respectively). Analysis of variance established that within the 32 families that included both selfed and outcrossed individuals, self-fertilized individuals were significantly (P< 0.001) slowergrowing than were outcrossed individuals, with selfs on average 15% smaller in mean height and 16% smaller in mean dbh at age 18 months, relative to outcrosses. The results demonstrate the need to minimise selfing in operational seed production for A. mangium plantations.
Genetic Variation in Picea glauca for Growth and Phenological Traits From Provenance Tests in Ontario
Authors: Lesser M. R. , Parker W. H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Ecologically based management of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.) requires an understanding of its patterns of adaptive variation. This understanding will become increasingly important under changing climate conditions. Five common garden tests and a greenhouse trial established in 2002 across Ontario were used to assess levels of genetic variation and relate this variation to local climate. Growth and phenological variables, including height, root collar diameter, survival, timing of spring budflush, and timing of fall budset were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for all traits to determine levels of genetic variation. Simple linear regressions were used to relate these differences to local climate conditions. After two growing season’s levels of between-provenance genetic variation ranged from 0 percent for several of the budflush variables to 22 percent for 2003 survival at the Englehart field trial. Overall, growth variables showed higher levels of between-provenance variation than phenological variables. Variation was predominately explained by longitude, a surrogate for precipitation patterns in Ontario, and temperature variables related to the growing season with r2 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.55. Generally, patterns of adaptive variation followed a southeast to northwest trend across Ontario. Northern sources flushed earlier and set bud earlier, while southern sources demonstrated superior growth. Results support previous white spruce genecology studies showing superior growth of sources from the Ottawa valley region of Ontario and Quebec.
Evaluation of Clonal Variability in Shoot Coppicing Ability and in vitro Responses of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb
Authors: Kalia Sanjay , Kalia R. K. , Sharma S. K. 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Clonal variations were observed amongst 12 clones of Dalbergia sissoo belonging to four states (U.P, Uttaranchal, Haryana and Rajasthan) of India, representing four different geographical zones in respect of ex vitro shoot coppicing ability and in vitro responses. Coppicing ability of shoot hedges of clones exhibited significant variation which ranged from average of 13.81 coppiced shoots (Clone 40, Uttar Pradesh) to 9.29 (Clone 64, Haryana). Comparative analysis of clones from different regions in respect to their coppicing ability revealed that clones from U.P had higher coppicing ability whereas those from Haryana proved to be least coppicers. Regional variations were also exhibited in the in vitro multiple bud induction ability on nodal explants excised from shoot hedges of clones (mean number of buds induced and percentage of cultures forming multiple buds). Regional as well as inter clonal variations were recorded in the shoot proliferation efficiency as well as rootability of microshoots of these clones as well as their optimal plant growth regulator requirements. BAP alone (2.5 μM) was sufficient for inducing multiple buds on cultured nodal explants of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh region clones. On the contrary, clones from Rajasthan and Haryana had higher optimal requirement of BAP and in addition, they required media to be supplemented with auxin (NAA) for induction of multiple buds on explants. Correlation analysis between shoot coppicing ability of clones and in vitro performances of explants of these clones cultured on 2.5 μM BAP indicates a positive correlation. Observation lays credence to our view that these characters are genetically controlled and shoot coppicing can be used as a marker character in optimizing in vitro performance of clones. Using the information generated by this paper in vitro production of elite planting material can be maximized by ameliorating plant growth regulator requirement in the medium.
A Praxeological Approach to Intentional Action
Authors: Futerman Alan G. , Block Walter E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe concept of Intentional Action is at the core of Praxeology, as developed by the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises. Under this unique approach, defined as the science of human action and designed to study the field of the social sciences, Mises create “action axiom”: the contention that every acting man more satisfactory state of affairs for a Austrian scholar is able to derive the fundament human action; such as value, scale of value, scarcity, abundance, profit, loss, uncertainty and causality, among others. This paper intends to present the praxeological perspective on intentional action and its epistemologic implications; it also attempts to answer objections to this thesis.
Aqueous Extract of Carica Papaya Linn Roots Halts Sodium Arsenite-Induced Renal Inflammation through Inhibiting Adenosine Deaminase, 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine, C-Reactive Protein and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity
Authors: Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Ojo Adebola Busola , Osukoya Olukemi Adetutu , Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectives:Inflammation plays a crucial role in many of the metabolic abnormalities. The prototypic marker of inflammation is C-reactive protein (CRP), Nitric Oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and their inhibition is considered a promising strategy to combat inflammation. Here, we report the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofCarica papayaroot aqueous extract in sodium arsenic-induced renal dysfunction.Methodology:Thirty-five rats were used for the experiments. Griess assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect ofCarica papayaroots aqueous extract on the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). ELISA was used to determine the level of pro-inflammatory markers including c-reactive protein (CRP). ELISA was used to analyze 8-OHdG. The inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA) was tested by enzyme activity assay kits.Results:Carica papayaroots aqueous extract suppressed sodium arsenite-stimulated NO production and proinflammatory secretion, such as CRP.Carica papayaroots aqueous extract significantly (p < 0.05) decrease the activities of iNOS, 8-OHdG, ADA and MDA.Conclusion:These results indicated that potent inhibition on CRP, NO, iNOS, ADA, 8-OHdG might constitute the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofCarica papayaroots aqueous extract.