bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young children, sound-producing objects, and the shape bias
Authors: Dansereau Diana R. 
Published: June 2016

There is evidence that, when given simple musical instruments, young children construct pretend play episodes centered on the shape of the objects rather than their sounds. This attention to shape has also been observed when children learn the names of novel objects. Such a “shape bias”, when engaging in pretend play with instruments and during linguistic tasks, may indicate the possibility that shape is a perceptually important attribute across contexts. The aim of this study was to determine whether children favor shape, color, or sound when identifying a novel object. In two studies, 3- to 5-year-olds were shown target objects that were given a novel name and shared one attribute (e.g., shape, sound) with test objects. During one trial, the objects were shaken to produce sound, and during another, the children manipulated the objects in order to produce sounds. In both experiments, children selected based on shape significantly more often ( p < .001) than chance rates, indicating a strong bias toward the shape of a novel object rather than the sound it produces during a cognitive task.
Risk-taking, Ownership and Excess Reserves in the Ghanaian Banking System
Authors: Odonkor Theodora Akweley , Osei Bright Addiyiah , Sjö Bo 
Published: June 2016

This study looks at the effects of ownership structure and the risk-taking behaviour of banks in Ghana. Using data from 21 banks during 2000–2010, the study employs random effects panel data regressions. The results show that banks prefer to hold high excess reserves instead of lending to borrowers when they perceive the markets to be risky. Locally owned banks tend to be more efficient in managing their risk than foreign-owned banks, while closed corporations tend to perform better in managing risk than locally owned banks. JEL Classification: G21, G31, G28, O16
Does Social Embedding Influence Banking Habits? A Case of India
Authors: Roy Pinaki , Sapre Amey 
Published: June 2016

This article attempts to empirically investigate the relationship of social embeddedness and banking behaviour in India. Social embeddedness is a construct that in general refers to non-market societies or activities, such as customs, traditions and reciprocity, that dominate the conduct of societies. Using the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2005 household survey data, we construct a weighted average score of social embedding as captured by memberships in societies and network groups to estimate their impact on the likelihood of a household’s access to banking. Findings show that social embeddedness has a positive and substantial impact on improving a household’s access to banking. We argue that social embedding can serve as an effective means to enhance the reach and access of financial services if conventional inclusion programmes were to utilize and exploit such social channels. JEL Classification: C23, D71, G20
Social capabilities–based flexicurity for a learning economy
Authors: Judzik Dario , Khan Haider A , Spagnolo Laura T 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMainstream economists argue that unemployment must be tackled with ‘flexibilisation’ or ‘labour market deregulation’. The public policy application has been the principle of ‘flexicurity’, with mixed labour market outcomes and limited success. Central contributions to theoretical and empirical economics writing on unemployment issues still espouse ‘flexibilisation’ as a general approach and warn about the detrimental effects of systematic deregulation under expectations of outcomes such as lower unemployment. Departing from a review of this literature, we take a step further from the ‘flexicurity’ prescription, to follow the capabilities approach of Sen and others, and develop a concept of social capabilities–based flexicurity for a learning economy, arguing that labour market performance must be targeted in an approach that includes a strong commitment to social well-being.
Combined physeal fractures of the distal radius and ulna: complications associated with K-wire fixation and long-term prognosis in six cats
Authors: Brioschi Valentina , Langley-Hobbs Sorrel J , Kerwin Sharon , Meeson Richard , Radke Heidi 
Published: June 2016

Objectives The objective was to describe the complications and long-term outcome associated with Kirschner (K)-wire fixation of combined distal radial and ulnar physeal fractures in six cats. Methods Medical records (2002–2014) of six referral institutions were searched for cats with combined distal radial and ulnar physeal fractures. Cases with complete clinical files, radiographs and surgical records were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term outcome was assessed via telephone interviews using an owner questionnaire. Results Complete files were available for 6/9 identified cases (cases 1–6). All fractures were classified as Salter–Harris type I or II. Five cases underwent open reduction and internal fixation via cross-pinning of the distal radius and intramedullary pinning of the ulna (cases 1–3); fixation of the distal radial and ulnar physes with one K-wire each (case 4); and K-wire fixation of the radial physis in combination with two transulnoradial K-wires (case 5). One case underwent closed reduction and percutaneous cross-pinning of the distal radius under fluoroscopic guidance (case 6). The complications encountered were: reduced radiocarpal range of motion (ROM) (cases 1, 3, 4, 5); implant loosening/migration (cases 1, 2, 5); and radioulnar synostosis (case 4). None of the cats developed angular limb deformity. Long-term outcome (12 months to 7 years after surgery) was graded as ‘excellent’ by the owners in all cases. Conclusions and relevance Prognosis is favourable for feline combined distal radial and ulnar physeal fractures following K-wire fixation in cats over 7 months of age. Implant removal after bony union is recommended to minimise reduction in ROM and to prevent implant loosening/migration.
Management of equivocal (early) Fournier’s gangrene
Authors: El-Shazly Mohamed , Aziz Mohamed , Aboutaleb Hamdy , Salem Shady , El-Sherif Eid , Selim Mohamed , Sultan Mohamed , Omar Mohamed , Abd Elbaky Tarek , Zanaty Fouad , Alenezi Talal , Ghobashi Abdelazeem , Allam Adel 
Published: June 2016

Background: Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is an acute progressive necrotizing fasciitis of the genital area and perineum with possible extension to the abdominal wall. Surgical debridement is the gold standard management modality of established patients. Equivocal (early) FG represents a challenge in diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare conservative management and early exploration in cases of equivocal (early) FG. Methods: This was an observational study where data of all patients diagnosed as early FG in our departments over 4 years (2011–2015) were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 with conservative treatment, and group 2 managed with urgent exploration with longitudinal hemiscrotal incision starting from external inguinal ring. All patients’ demographics, vital signs, laboratory finding and clinical findings were reported. Results: A total of 28 patients were enrolled in the study. Group 1 was managed with conservative treatment (17 patients) and group 2 underwent urgent exploration (11 patients). Overall, four patients (23.5%) out of 17 patients of group 1 showed a good response to conservative management without any surgical debridement. A total of 13 patients (76.5%) developed gangrenous discoloration and needed surgical debridement later. In group 2, four patients (36.4%) underwent scrotal exploration and release incision only without debridement and showed an excellent clinical outcome. A total of four patients (36.4%) underwent debridement with excision of doubtful deep subcutaneous and fascial tissues. The remaining three patients (27.2%) underwent debridement of necrotic fascia. The hospital stay was significantly shorter in group 2 patients than group 1 (7.5 ± 3.75 versus 13.4 ± 5.19 days p < 0.05). The mean number of debridement sessions was 3.74 ± 0.69 in group 1 versus 1.82 ± 0.34 in group 2. Conclusions: Early exploration and debridement in equivocal (early) FG has a better clinical outcome with reduced hospital stay and number of debridement sessions than conservative treatment with delayed debridement.
Determining Measurement Error for Bohler’s Angle and the Effect of X-Ray Obliquity on Accuracy
Authors: Gonzalez Tyler A. , Ehrlichman Lauren K. , Macaulay Alec A. , Gitajn I. Leah , Toussaint R. James , Zurakowski David , Kwon John Y. 
Published: June 2016

Background. Bohler’s angle (BA) is the most commonly utilized radiographic measurement in the study of calcaneus fractures and has been shown to be prognostic in nature. Therefore, it is critical that the measurement of BA be accurate as both therapeutic and prognostic information relies on it. Oblique lateral radiographs can be a cause of error in BA measurements. However, measurement error and the effects of X-ray beam obliquity on BA have not been established in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine measurement error and understand the effects of X-ray beam’s obliquity on the measurement of BA. Methods. A cadaver specimen was imaged using a C-arm to obtain a perfect lateral radiograph of the ankle and slightly oblique lateral views in the anterior, posterior, cephalad, and caudad directions in 5° increments (21 images). Metallic beads were then placed on the anterior calcaneal process, posterior facet, and the superior aspect of the posterior tuberosity, and the same 21 images were then obtained. The metallic beads placed on the reference radiographs allowed the authors to accurately measure BA for each image and served as reference for the corresponding test radiographs. Thirty-four orthopaedic staff members participated in the study and used DICOM measurement tool to measure BA on each of the 21 test radiographs. The measurements were then compared to the measurements of BA from the reference radiographs to determine error in measurement. Results. A total of 714 different measurements were obtained. Average measurement error was 6° (95% confidence interval = −4° to 15°). The difference between the observed BA measurements compared to the true BA measurements increased with increasing X-ray obliquity. Conclusions. Measurement error for BA is ±6° and increases most with cephalad oblique radiographs. Orthopaedic surgeons’ ability to accurately measure BA significantly decreases with increasing obliquity of the lateral radiograph. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Cadaver bench study
Use of remote blood releasing system for red cell transfusion in hospice care center
Authors: Chan Kwok Ying , Leung Rock Yuk Yan , Cheung Ka Chi , Lam Clarence , Koo Eleanor , Ng Sylvia 
Published: June 2016

Objectives: It is quite common to have advanced cancer or end-stage renal disease patients for regular or even frequent blood transfusion in palliative care. However, due to geographical reason in some hospice centers, blood transfusion is sometimes difficult if blood bank is closed during non-office hour or not available. Methods: Here, we reported a new blood releasing system, that is, remote blood releasing system, that could be used safely by nursing staff alone when the blood bank was closed during the night time and holiday. Results: On-call nursing staff could collect red cells successful in these two cases. Conclusion: The new blood releasing system seems useful. However, larger sample sizes and longer period of study are required to estimate its efficacy and safety. The provision of antibody-positive red cells and platelet remained a limitation of this system.
Mortality Following Congenital Heart Surgery in Adults Can Be Predicted Accurately by Combining Expert-Based and Evidence-Based Pediatric Risk Scores
Authors: Hörer Jürgen , Kasnar-Samprec Jelena , Cleuziou Julie , Strbad Martina , Wottke Michael , Kaemmerer Harald , Schreiber Christian , Lange Rüdiger 
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Currently, there are few specific risk stratification models available to predict mortality following congenital heart surgery in adults. We sought to evaluate whether the predictive power of the common pediatric scores is applicable for adults. In addition, we evaluated a new grown-ups with congenital heart disease (GUCH) score specifically designed for adults undergoing congenital heart surgery. Methods and Results: Data of all consecutive patients aged 18 years or more, who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) between 2004 and 2013 at our institution, were collected. We evaluated the Aristotle Basic Complexity (ABC), the Aristotle Comprehensive Complexity (ACC), the Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)–European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery (EACTS) scores. The proposed GUCH score consists of the STS-EACTS score, the procedure-dependent and -independent factors of the ACC score, and age. The discriminatory power of the scores was assessed using the area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (c-index). A total of 830 operations were evaluated. Hospital mortality was 2.9%. C-indexes were 0.67, 0.80, 0.62, 0.78, and 0.84 for the ABC, ACC, RACHS-1, STS-EACTS, and GUCH mortality scores, respectively. Conclusion: The evidence-based EACTS-STS score outperforms the expert-based ABC score. The expert-based ACC score is superior to the evidence-based EACTS-STS score since comorbidities are considered. Our proposed GUCH score outperforms all other scores since it integrates the advantages of the evidence-based EACTS-STS score for procedures and the expert-based ACC score for comorbidities. Evidence-based scores for adults with CHD should include comorbidities and patient ages.
Journal Clubs as Teaching Tools for Geriatric Medicine
Authors: Abdulla Aza 
Published: June 2016

Evidence has accumulated in support of the role of Journal Clubs (JC) as an effective educational tool especially in promoting critical appraisal skills, and improving knowledge of epidemiology and biostatistics. However, the educational underpinnings that inform the process and explain how learning occurs within the context of JCs have not been investigated. We conducted a qualitative study among the members of the geriatric JC to better understand the process of learning in a JC setting. We employed a two-step methodology starting with a nominal group technique and followed by one to one semi-structured interviews. The members of the JC were in various stages of their medical training, as well as attending physicians (consultants). This study confirms that the JC in geriatrics provides significant learning through its unique style. The JC may be envisaged as a community of practice offering learning experience even for senior physicians. The learning that occurs is enhanced by relating the content to real life clinical cases and through promoting group interaction, discussion and dialogue. The attending physicians added to the learning process by helping to link pieces of information together and demonstrating its relevance to clinical practice.
Reference-free deconvolution of DNA methylation data and mediation by cell composition effects
Authors: Houseman E. Andres , Kile Molly L. , Christiani David C. , Ince Tan A. , Kelsey Karl T. , Marsit Carmen J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background
Recent interest in reference-free deconvolution of DNA methylation data has led to several supervised methods, but these methods do not easily permit the interpretation of underlying cell types.

Results
We propose a simple method for reference-free deconvolution that provides both proportions of putative cell types defined by their underlying methylomes, the number of these constituent cell types, as well as a method for evaluating the extent to which the underlying methylomes reflect specific types of cells. We demonstrate these methods in an analysis of 23 Infinium data sets from 13 distinct data collection efforts; these empirical evaluations show that our algorithm can reasonably estimate the number of constituent types, return cell proportion estimates that demonstrate anticipated associations with underlying phenotypic data; and methylomes that reflect the underlying biology of constituent cell types.

Conclusions
Our methodology permits an explicit quantitation of the mediation of phenotypic associations with DNA methylation by cell composition effects. Although more work is needed to investigate functional information related to estimated methylomes, our proposed method provides a novel and useful foundation for conducting DNA methylation studies on heterogeneous tissues lacking reference data.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MiR-143-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by targeting QKI-5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: He Zhenyue , Yi Jun , Liu Xiaolong , Chen Jing , Han Siqi , Jin Li , Chen Longbang , Song Haizhu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to contribute to carcinogenesis. MiR-143-3p has been identified to function as a tumor suppressor in several tumors, but the role of miR-143-3p in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been intensively investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the potential role of miR-143-3p in the progression of ESCC.

Methods
The expression levels of miR-143-3p and QKI-5 protein were measured in 80 resected ESCC tumor specimens and the clinicopathological significance of these levels determined. We also investigated the role of miR-143-3p in the regulation of QKI-5 expression in ESCC cell lines both in vivo and in vitro.

Results
MiR-143-3p levels were decreased in ESCC clinical samples and low expression of miR-143-3p was significantly associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Ectopic expression of miR-143-3p suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in ESCC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Ectopic expression of miR-143-3p also reduced the metastatic potential of cells by selectively regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulatory proteins. Furthermore, QKI-5 isoform was upregulated in ESCC tissues and was a direct target of miR-143-3p. Lastly, re-introduction of QKI-5 expression abrogated the inhibitory effects of miR-143-3p on ESCC cell proliferation and motility.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that miR-143-3p acts as a tumor-suppressor by targeting QKI-5 in ESCC, suggesting that miR-143-3p is a potential therapy for the treatment of ESCC.
Best proximity points for generalized α-ϕ-Geraghty proximal contraction mappings and its applications
Authors: Hamzehnejadi Javad , Lashkaripour Rahmatollah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the new notion of generalized α-ϕ-Geraghty proximal contraction mappings and investigate the existence of the best proximity point for such mappings in complete metric spaces. The obtained results extend, generalize, and complement some known fixed and best proximity point results from the literature.
High-fat diet or low-protein diet changes peritoneal macrophages function in mice
Authors: Santos Ed Wilson , de Oliveira Dalila Cunha , Hastreiter Araceli , Beltran Jackeline Soares de Oliveira , Rogero Marcelo Macedo , Fock Ricardo Ambrósio , Borelli Primavera 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background
Obesity and protein malnutrition are major food problems nowadays, affecting billions of people around the world. The nutrition transition that has occurred in recent decades is changing the nutritional profile, reducing malnutrition and increasing the percentage of obese people. The innate immune response is greatly influenced by diet, with significant changes in both malnutrition and obesity. Therefore, we investigate the effects of protein malnutrition and obesity in nutritional and immunological parameters in mice.

Results
Peritoneal macrophages of malnourished animals showed reduced functions of adhesion, spreading, and fungicidal activity; production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide were lower, reflecting changes in the innate immune response. However, the high-fat animals had macrophage functions slightly increased.

Conclusions
Animals subjected to low-protein diet have immunosuppression, and animals subjected to high-fat diet increased visceral adipose tissue and the presence of an inflammatory process with increased peritoneal macrophage activity and similar systemic changes to metabolic syndrome.
The role of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling in monophosphoryl lipid A-induced expansion and recruitment of innate immunocytes
Authors: Hernandez Antonio , Bohannon Julia K , Luan Liming , Fensterheim Benjamin A , Guo Yin , Patil Naeem K , McAdams Chase , Wang Jingbin , Sherwood Edward R 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Treatment with the TLR4 agonist MPLA augments innate resistance to common bacterial pathogens. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MPLA augments innate immunocyte functions are not well characterized. This study examined the importance of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling for leukocyte mobilization, recruitment, and activation following administration of MPLA. MPLA potently induced MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling. A single injection of MPLA caused rapid mobilization and recruitment of neutrophils, a response that was largely mediated by the chemokines CXCL1 and -2 and the hemopoietic factor G-CSF. Rapid neutrophil recruitment and chemokine production were regulated by both pathways although the MyD88-dependent pathway showed some predominance. In further studies, multiple injections of MPLA potently induced mobilization and recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. Neutrophil recruitment after multiple injections of MPLA was reliant on MyD88-dependent signaling, but effective monocyte recruitment required activation of both pathways. MPLA treatment induced expansion of myeloid progenitors in bone marrow and upregulation of CD11b and shedding of L-selectin by neutrophils, all of which were attenuated in MyD88- and TRIF-deficient mice. These results show that MPLA-induced neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, expansion of bone marrow progenitors and augmentation of neutrophil adhesion molecule expression are regulated by both the MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways.