bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON ALIPHATISCHEN UND AROMATISCHEN DIAMINEN DURCH RK. VON ALKYLPHOSPHATEN MIT DEN ENTSPRECHENDEN PRIMAEREN AMINEN
Authors: FRIEDMANN GILBERT , BRINI MATHILDE , EDERLE PIERRE , GASSER JEAN , HOLDERITH PAUL‐JOSEPH , VERNOIS MICHEL , WIDMAIER JEAN‐MICHEL 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie prim. Diamine (I) reagieren mit den Estern (II) bei 150‐200° in 8 bis 20 Std. zu den tertiären Diaminen (III) (11‐56% Ausbeute), deren Strukturen IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopisch bestätigt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: GRIGNARDRK. MIT 2,6‐DIALKOXYDIHYDRO‐ UND ‐TETRAHYDROPYRANEN
Authors: KRALININA L. N. , KURGLIKOVA R. I. , TARULINA T. P. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract2,6‐Dialkoxytetrahydropyrane (I) reagieren mit 2 Mol der Grignardverbindungen (II) in Äther/Benzol unter Aufspaltung des Pyranringes zu den Alkoxyalkoholen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UNTER BETEILIGUNG VON ORGANOZINKVERBINDUNGEN 6. MITT. SYNTH. VON BETA‐HYDROXY‐KETONEN, BETA‐OXO‐ALDEHYDEN UND GAMMA‐CHLOR‐BETA‐ALKOXY‐KETONEN
Authors: LAPKIN I. I. , SAJTKULOVA F. G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus den Organozinkverbindungen (I) und Dichlormethyläther (II) erhält man über die Chlormethoxyketone (III) in 49‐62%iger Ausbeute die Hydroxyketone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. UNGESAETTIGTER HYDRAZIDE DURCH HYDRAZINOLYSE
Authors: KINHIKAR G. M. , RAO B. Y. , RAO C. V. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch vierstündiges Kochen einer äthanolischen Lösung von Oleinsäuremethylester (I) mit überschüssigem Hydrazinhydrat (II) in einer von Sauerstoff freien Stickstoffatmosphäre wird quantitativ Oleinsäurehydrazid (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN EINIGER PERKOHLENSAEUREESTER
Authors: ETLIS V. S. , LICHTEROV V. R. , FOMIN V. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus den entsprechenden Carbonsäuren und Äthylenoxid bzw. Äthylenchlorhydrin werden in 53,l‐67,4%iger Ausbeute die Monoester (I) dargestellt, aus denen mit Phosgen (II) in praktisch quantitativen Ausbeuten die Chlorameisensäureester (III) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNKTIONELLE ORGANISCHE PEROXIDE 5. MITT. HALOGENACYLPEROXIDE
Authors: SREJBERT A. I. , CHARDIN A. P. , KIBAL'NIKOVA R. I. , ERMARCENKO V. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus den Säurechloriden (I) werden mit Na2O2 in 55‐60%iger Ausbeute die Peroxide (II) und mit Na‐perbenzoat (III) die Acylperoxide (IV) (55‐60%) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: QUANTITATIVE RADIKALARTIGE PHENYLIERUNG VON 2‐METHYL‐NAPHTHALIN
Authors: BONNIER JANE‐MARIE , RINAUDO JEAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der homolytischen Phenylierung des Naphthalins (I) mit Benzoylperoxid in Benzol bei 75°C entsteht ein Gemisch der 7 Isomeren (II) (7‐40% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: TOTALSYNTH. VON TERPENEN 14. MITT. INTERPRETATION DER ′TRANSMOGRIFICATION′ VON 4BETA,7ALPHA‐DIMETHYL‐1ALPHA‐HYDROXY‐4ALPHA‐PHENYL‐1,4,5,6,7,7A‐HEXAHYDRO‐2‐INDANON DURCH BASEN
Authors: IRELAND R. E. , GRAND P. S. , DICKERSON R. E. , BORDNER J. , RYDJESKI D. R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn der Reihe der Terpene werden die im Formelschemza angegebenen Umwandlungsreaktionen beschrieben und ausführlich diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZHYDRINDAN‐DERIVATE, SYNTH. VON 4,5‐(3BETA‐METHOXYCARBONYLAETHYL‐4‐METHOXY‐BENZ)‐6,7‐DIHYDRO‐HYDRINDENON‐(1) UND CIS‐1‐HYDROXY‐8‐METHYL‐4,5‐(3BETA‐METHOXYCARBONYLAETHYL‐4‐METHOXYBENZ)‐HYDRINDAN
Authors: SUBRAHMANYAM G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas durch Formylierung des Esters (I) mit Äthylformiat dargestellte Hydroxymethylentetralon (II) liefert mit Hydroxylaminhydrochlorid das Isoxazol (III) (82% Ausbeute), das mit K‐butylat und nachfolgende Methylierung das Ketonitril (IVa) (58%) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOPHENREIHE 9. MITT. DARST. VON OMEGA‐(2,5‐DIMETHYL‐THIENYL‐(3))‐ALKANSAEUREN
Authors: CAGNIANT PAUL , MERLE GUY , CAGNIANT DENISE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Thiophen (I) reagiert mit den Säurechloriden (II) in Gegenwart von AlCl3 zu den Ketoestern (III), deren Verseifung und nachfolgende Reduktion nach Wolff‐Kishner‐Minlon die Thienylcarbonsäuren (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINES ASYMMETRISCHEN HETEROTRIPTYCENS
Authors: WYNBERG H. , DE WIT J. , SINNIGE H. J. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractÜber die Ketosäure (I) und deren Reduktionsprodukt (II) kann in Verbesserung einer bekannten Synthese das Naphtho(2,3‐b)thiophen (III) erhalten werden, das bei 195°C mit 1,4‐Dihydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐naphthalin (IV) in das Addukt (V) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRIERUNG VON BERNSTEINSAEUREIMID ZU PYRROLIDON‐(2) 1. MITT. EINFLUSS DES LOESUNGSMITTELS AUF DIE KATALYTISCHE HYDRIERUNG DES SUCCINIMIDS
Authors: EVGRASIN V. M. , IOFFE I. I. , JAKUSKIN M. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Versuche wurden im Autoklaven bei einem Wasserstoffdruck von 200 at und einer Temperatur von 230°C an Nickel als Katalysator durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON ALKYL‐PYRROLONEN UND DIHYDRO‐PYRIDONEN
Authors: STORK G. , MATTHEWS R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKondensation des Amins (I) mit der Carbonsäure (II) in Gegenwart von Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid liefert das Amid (III), das in (IV) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON MESOIONISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN, DAS MESOIONISCHE 1,3‐DIAZOL‐4‐ON‐SYST.
Authors: ROCHE E. B. , STANSLOSKI D. W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie aus Amiden (I) über (II) hergestellten Imidchloride (IIIa)‐(IIIc) geben mit Methylamino‐acetonitril (IV) die Amidine (V), aus denen die mesoionischen 1,3‐Diazol‐4‐one (VI) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZIMIDAZOLIN‐TRIONE, RK. VON 2,5,6‐ UND 2,4,7‐BENZIMIDAZOLINTRIONEN
Authors: MARCH L. C. , JOUILLIE M. M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract5,6‐Dimethoxy‐2‐benzimidazolinon (I) wurde durch HBr zum freien Bis‐phenol (II) demethyliert und dieses dann mit Silberoxid zum o‐Chinon (III) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. FUER DIHYDRO‐P‐DITHIINE UND DIHYDRO‐1,4‐DITHIEPINE UEBER EINE AUSTRETENDE AMIDGRUPPE
Authors: MASSINGILL J. L. , REINECKE M. G. , HODGKINS J. E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeim Versuch der Cyclisierung des Keto‐amids (II) oder seines Ketals (III) nach Bischler‐Napieralski erhält man anstelle des erwarteten Isochinolins (I) das Oxazol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON ENAMINEN MIT BENZALDEHYD UND BENZYLIDENCYCLOHEXANON
Authors: LEWIS J. W. , MYERS P. L. , READHEAD M. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Enamine (I) reagieren mit Benzaldehyd (II) zu den Xanthenderivaten (III), die auch aus (I) und dem Keton (IV) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: MIT HETEROCYCLISCHEN RINGEN KONDENSIERTE CYCLOPARAFFINE 14. MITT. SYNTH. VON 6‐METHYL‐2,3‐CYCLOALKENOPYRIDINEN
Authors: EPSZTAJN JAN , HAHN WITOLD E. , TOSIK BOLESLAW K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Mannichbase (II), die aus Aceton und Dimethylamin dargestellt wird, reagiert mit den cyclischen Ketonen (I) zu den Diketonen (III), die zu den Titelverbindungen (IV) cyclisiert werden (Ausbeute 32‐53%).
ChemInform Abstract: ORIENTIERUNG BEI DER HYDROBORIERUNG VON TETRAHYDROPYRIDINEN UND TROPIDINEN
Authors: LYLE R. E. , CARLE K. R. , ELLEFSON C. R. , SPICER C. K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Hydroborierung der Tetrahydropyridine (I) liefert die beiden Carbinole (III) und (IV); mit unterschüssigem BH3 entstehen die Addukte (II).
ChemInform Abstract: UMWANDLUNG VON UREIDO‐MALONATEN UND 5‐CARBALKOXY‐HYDANTOINEN IN 5‐UREIDO‐4,6‐PYRIMIDIN‐DIONEN
Authors: PERINI F. , TIECKELMANN H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Kondensation der Ureido‐malonate (I) oder der 5‐Carbalkoxy‐hydantoine (II) mit Guanidin (III) führt über die Zwischenstufen (IV) und (V) zu den Ureido‐pyrimidin‐dionen (VI), aus denen durch verschiedene Reaktionen, z.B. Behandlung mit HCl oder Polyphosphorsäure zu Guaninen (VII), Erhitzen mit Phosphoroxychlorid zu den Chlorverbindungen (VIII) oder Acetylierung zu (IX), die entsprechenden Folgeprodukte hergestellt wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER INDOLE 12. MITT. 2‐AMINOINDOLE UND PYRIMIDO(1,2‐A)INDOLE
Authors: SAGITULLIN R. S. , GORBUNOV V. I. , KOST A. N. , KUPLETSKAJA N. B. , CISTJAKOV V. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeschrieben wird die Herstellung verschiedener 2‐Aminoindol‐salze (II) aus O‐Benzyl‐N‐(indolyl‐2)‐urethanen (I) und deren Kondensation mit Acetylaceton zu Pyrimido(1,2‐a)indolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SELEKTIVITAET BEI DER HALOGENIERUNG VON METHYL‐(2′‐ACETAMIDO‐4′(3′H)‐PYRIMIDON‐6′‐YL)‐ACETAT MIT N‐HALOGENSUCCINIMIDEN IN DIMETHYLFORMAMID
Authors: KEANA J. F. W. , MASON F. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Halogenierung von (I) mit N‐Brom‐ und N‐Chlor‐succinimid (II) führt zu unterschiedlichen Resultaten.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKALOIDE VON GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS 4. MITT. DERIVATE VON PYRIDIN, ISOCHINOLIN UND INDOL‐2(3H)‐ON ALS MOEGLICHE AUSGANGSSTOFFE FUER DIE GELSEMIN‐SYNTH.
Authors: JOHNSON R. S. , LOVETT T. O. , STEVENS T. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Pyridin (III) wird über mehrere Stufen in die Dicarbonsäurederivate (II), (I), (IV) und (V) sowie das Pyridin (VI) in das Propionsäurederivat (VII) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISCHE MODIFIKATION VON TREHALOSE 2. MITT. SYNTH. DES GALAKTO‐ANALOGEN DER TREHALOSE
Authors: BIRCH G. , RICHARDSON A. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Diäthyliden‐ (Ia) und das Dibenzylidenderivat (Ib) der Trehalose werden in ihre Tetrabenzoate (Ic) (70% Ausbeute) bzw. (Id) (93%) übergeführt, die bei der selektiven Methanolyse das Trehalose‐tetrabenzoat (IIa) (84%) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: UMLAGERUNGSRK. VON HEXOSE‐4‐O‐SULFONATEN IN GEGENWART VON AZIDEN UND PHTHALIMID ALS NUCLEOPHILEN REAGENTIEN
Authors: STEVENS C. L. , GLINSKI R. P. , TAYLOR K. G. , SIROKMAN F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMethyl‐α‐D‐mannopyranosid (I) reagiert mit Zinkchlorid beim Erhitzen in Aceton zu den Isopropylidenverbindungen (IIa), (III) und einer Komponente der Zusammensetzung (IV), die nicht näher beschrieben wird.
ChemInform Abstract: UMLAGERUNG VON CHLORAMPHENICOL‐3‐MONOSUCCINAT
Authors: SANDMANN B. , SZULCZEWSKI D. , WINDHEUSER J. , HIGUCHI T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChloramphenicol‐3‐monosuccinat (I) liegt in der Nähe des Neutralpunktes in einem Gleichgewicht mit der Ringform (II) vor.
Is Early Reversal of Defunctioning Ileostomy a Shorter, Easier and Less Expensive Operation?
Authors: Lasithiotakis Konstantinos , Aghahoseini Assad , Alexander David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundA defunctioning loop ileostomy mitigates the consequences of anastomotic leak from low rectal anastomosis but it is associated with significant morbidity. In this study, the outcome of early reversal of defunctioning ileostomy during the same admission with the primary operation was assessed.MethodsThis randomized study was carried out at York Teaching Hospital during the period 2003–2007. All patients with defunctioning ileostomy were considered for an early second operation if they had an uneventful recovery and were in good general condition. Patients on steroids, at high cardiorespiratory risk and those experiencing any postoperative complication were excluded. Eligible patients with satisfactory gastrografin enema on postoperative day 6 were randomized to early versus late reversal at 6–8 weeks. Outcome measures were ease of closure as assessed by a visual analog scale by the operating surgeon, all postoperative complications, duration of the operation, total length of hospital stay and associated costs.ResultsThirty‐nine consecutive patients were assessed for eligibility and finally 26 were included in the study. Sixteen patients underwent early reversal. The median(interquartile range (IQR)) age was 62(22) years. Early reversal was significantly superior in terms of ease of abdominal wall closure, ease of reversal (p < 0.01 each), duration of the operation (median(IQR) 20(13) vs. 40(9) min, p < 0.01) and costs of stoma care (median(IQR) 27(9) vs. 311(108) £, p < 0.01). There were no major (grade III/IV) complications in either group. Total length of hospital stay was similar between groups.ConclusionIn carefully selected patients, early reversal of defunctioning ileostomy is feasible, technically easier and has shorter operative time which can also lead to significant cost savings.
Arthroscopic osteochondroplasty in patients with mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis after in situ fixation
Authors: Tscholl Philippe M. , Zingg Patrick O. , Dora Claudio , Frey Eric , Dierauer Stefan , Ramseier Leonhard E. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Mild slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) nevertheless show significant femoral head–neck deformities which may put cartilage and acetabular labrum at risk. Whether this deformity can be restored to normal has not yet been described in the literature. Methods In a prospective follow-up study, 14 patients with mild SCFE underwent in situ fixation with a single 6.5-mm cancellous, partially threaded screw. In 14 patients arthroscopic osteochondroplasty was performed, and in 13 patients pre- and postoperative measurements of the α-angle were made using antero-superior radial magnetic resonance imaging. Results After arthroscopic osteochondroplasty, the mean α-angle decreased from 57° (range 50°–74°) to 37° (range 32°–47°; p < 0.001). Six patients showed beginning degenerative intra-articular changes (four antero-superior cartilage and three antero-superior labrum lesions) at the time of hip arthroscopy. No intra-operative complications occurred. In one patient, arthroscopic debridement was necessary due to arthrofibrosis and persistent pain. Conclusion Arthroscopic osteochondroplasty can successfully correct the antero-superior α-angle in patients with mild SCFE to normal values. Clinical randomized controlled studies with long-term follow-up are required to find evidence of improved functional and radiographic mid- and long-term outcome compared to in situ fixation alone.
Polymer‐free versus permanent polymer drug eluting stents in coronary artery disease: A meta‐analysis of 10 RCTs with 6575 patients
Authors: Wu De‐Wei , Yu Meng‐Yue , Gao Hai‐Yang , Zhang Li , Song Fei , Zhang Xin‐Yue , Wu Yong‐Jian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPermanent polymer drug eluting stents (PP‐DES) may induce inflammation of the vessel wall due to the existence of the polymer, which may delay intimal healing. Polymer‐free DES (PF‐DES) that eliminate the polymeric carrier may potentially lead to safer DES. However, the safety and efficacy of PF‐DES remains controversial.MethodsRandomized controlled trials comparing PF‐DES with PP‐DES were searched in online database including MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting late lumen loss (LLL), all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and late stent thrombosis (LST) were enrolled and quantitatively analyzed.ResultsTen studies enrolling 6575 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The PF‐DES showed a benefit in reducing all‐cause death (OR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.61 to 0.98,P = 0.03) and long‐term LLL (weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.16 mm, 95%CI: −0.22 to −0.11 mm,P < 0.001), while no superiority was found in reducing short‐term LLL (WMD 0.03 mm, 95%CI: −0.07–0.13 mm,P = 0.57), MI (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.19 to 23.18,P = 0.39), TLR (OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 0.42 to 3.38,P = 0.83) and LST (OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.05 to 5.71,P = 0.74).ConclusionPF‐DES showed benefits in reducing long‐term LLL and mortality compared with PP‐DES, but no superiority was found in short‐term LLL, MI, TLR and LST. These findings provide a sound basis for the wide application of PF‐DES in the future.
MicroRNA‐548j functions as a metastasis promoter in human breast cancer by targeting Tensin1
Authors: Zhan Yun , Liang Xiaoshuan , Li Lin , Wang Baona , Ding Fang , Li Yi , Wang Xiang , Zhan Qimin , Liu Zhihua 
Published: February 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single‐stranded, small non‐coding RNA molecules that participate in important biological processes. Although the functions of many miRNAs in breast cancer metastasis have been established, the role of others remains to be characterized. To identify additional miRNAs involved in metastasis, we performed a genetic screen by transducing a Lenti‐miR™ virus library into MCF‐7 cells. Using transwell invasion assays we identified human miR‐548j as an invasion‐inducing miRNA. The endogenous levels of miR‐548j expression in breast cancer cell lines were shown to correlate with invasiveness. Moreover, miR‐548j was shown to stimulate breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, but had no effect on proliferation. Next, using a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that Tensin1 served as a direct and functional target of miR‐548j. Both miR‐548j and Tensin1 modulated the activation of Cdc42 to regulate cell invasion and siCdc42 or the selective Cdc42 inhibitor ML141 suppressed the pathway of miR‐548j‐mediated cell invasion. Furthermore, a strong correlation between miR‐548j, Tensin1, metastasis and survival was observed using two sets of clinical breast cancer samples. Our findings demonstrate that miR‐548j functions as a metastasis‐promoting miRNA to regulate breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by targeting Tensin1 and activating Cdc42, suggesting a potential therapeutic application in breast cancer.
Effect of single-dose albendazole and vitamin A supplementation on the iron status of pre-school children in Sichuan, China
Authors: Chen Ke , Xie Hu Mina , Tian Weizheng , Zheng Xiaoling , Jiang Alice C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of single-dose albendazole and vitamin A intervention on the anaemic status and Fe metabolism of pre-school children. This study was a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded intervention trial. All eligible anaemic pre-school children were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 received no intervention, which served as the control group, group 2 received 400 mg single-dose albendazole administration and group 3 received a 60000 μg vitamin A capsule combined with 400 mg single-dose albendazole at the beginning of the study. The follow-up period was for 6 months. Anthropometry and biochemical index about Fe metabolism were measured before and after intervention. A total of 209 pre-school anaemic children were randomly divided into three intervention groups (sixty-four, sixty-two and sixty for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The mean age of the children in the study was 4·4 (sd 0·7) years and 50·5 % of the children were female (94/186). After a follow-up period of 6 months, the levels of serum retinol, ferritin, transferrin receptor-ferritin index and body total Fe content of children in group 3 were significantly higher compared with children in groups 1 and 2 (P<0·05). Moreover, the proportion of vitamin A deficiency, marginal vitamin A deficiency and Fe deficiency among children in group 3 were markedly lower compared with children in groups 1 and 2 (P<0·05). Albendazole plus vitamin A administration showed more efficacy on the improvement of serum retinol and Fe metabolic status.
Pseudosuccinea columella: experimental co-infections of juvenile and pre-adult snails with the digeneans Calicophoron daubneyi and Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Dreyfuss G. , Vignoles P. , Rondelaud D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExperimental co-infections of juvenile and pre-adult Pseudosuccinea columella with Calicophoron daubneyi and Fasciola hepatica (five miracidia of each digenean per snail) were carried out to determine the aptitude of this lymnaeid to ensure complete larval development of the former parasite, the latter or both. Snails infected with F. hepatica were found in the two groups of juveniles, i.e. 1 and 2 mm at exposure, and the four groups of pre-adults, i.e. 3–6 mm. The highest frequency of F. hepatica, i.e. 37.3%, was noted in the 4 mm group. Low frequencies were noted for C. daubneyi and co-infections of both digeneans in the 3, 4 and 5 mm groups. Two other groups of P. columella, measuring 3 and 4 mm at exposure, were also constituted to study the characteristics of these co-infections. Compared to controls infected only with F. hepatica, the frequency of this digenean infection and the mean number of metacercariae were significantly lower in co-infected snails, while the patent period was significantly shorter. In snails harbouring C. daubneyi only or both digeneans, lower values were noted for prevalence, the patent period and the number of metacercariae. Pre-adult P. columella (3–5 mm in shell height at exposure) were able to sustain larval development of C. daubneyi if they were co-infected with the sequence C. daubneyi +F. hepatica. Low values noted for the prevalence of C. daubneyi infection and the number of metacercariae would be in favour of a still incomplete adaptation between the snail population and the miracidial isolate.
Automatic Alerts for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance and Control: Role of a Hospital Information System
Authors: Pittet Didier , Safran Edith , Harbarth Stephan , Borst François , Copin Pascale , Rohner Peter , Scherrer Jean-Raoul , Auckenthaler Raymond 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an escalating problem in hospitals worldwide. The hospital reservoir for MRSA includes recognized and unrecognized colonized or infected patients, as well as previously colonized or infected patients readmitted to the hospital. Early and appropriate infection control measures (ICM) are key elements to reduce MRSA transmission and to control the hospital reservoir.Objective: To describe the role of an expert system applied to the control of MRSA at a large medical center (1,600 beds) with high endemic rates.Methods: The University Hospital of Geneva has an extended hospital information system (HIS), DIOGENE, structured with an open distributed architecture. It includes administrative, medical, nursing, and laboratory applications with their relational databases. Among available patient databases, clinical microbiology laboratory and admission-discharge-transfer (ADT) databases are used to generate computer alerts. A laboratory alert (lab alert) is printed daily in the Infection Control Program (ICP) offices, listing all patients with cultures positive for MRSA detected within the preceding 24 hours. Patients might be either newly detected patients colonized or infected with MRSA, or previously recognized MRSA patients having surveillance cultures. The ICP nurses subsequently go to the ward or call the ward personnel to implement ICM. A second alert, the “readmission alert,” detects readmission to the hospital of any patient previously colonized or infected with MRSA by periodic queries (q 1 min) to the ADT database. The readmission alert is printed in the ICP offices, but also forwarded with added guidelines to the emergency room.Results: During the first 12 months of application (July 1994 to June 1995), the lab alert detected an average of 4.6 isolates per day, corresponding to 314 hospital admissions (248 patients); the use of this alert saved time for the ICP nurses by improving work organization. There were 438 readmission alerts (1.2 alerts per day) over the study period; of 347 patients screened immediately upon readmission, 114 (33%) were positive for MRSA carriage. Delayed recognition of readmitted MRSA carriers decreased significantly after the implementation of this alert; the proportion of MRSA patients recognized at the time of admission to the hospital increased from 13% in 1993 to 40% in 1995 (P<.001).Conclusions: Hospital information system-based alerts can play an important role in the surveillance and early prevention of MRSA transmission, and it can help to recognize patterns of colonization and transmission.