bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmittance Properties of Flurandrenolide Tape for Psoriasis: Helpful Adjunct to Phototherapy
Authors: Setaluri Vijay , Clark Adele R. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Flurandrenolide tape is a valuable agent in the treatment of lichen simplex chronicus and in psoriasis. The corticosteroid is helpful for reducing the symptoms and induration of the lichen simplex chronicus lesion, and occlusion of the lesion with the tape reduces the patient's opportunity to rub and scratch the affected area. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent flurandrenolide tape may block ultraviolet (UV) light and interfere with phototherapy of psoriasis. Methods: Flurandrenolide tape was applied to quartz spectroscopy cuvettes, and the absorption spectrum was determined using a Beckman DU-600 spectrophotometer. The effect of the tape on UV light transmission was also determined using our UVA-UVB office phototherapy unit. Results: Flurandrenolide tape has considerable UV absorption in the UVC range with less absorption in the UVB and UVA range. The transmittance is greater (less absorption) with longer wavelengths. There was greater UV absorption in the UVB range than in the UVA range. Conclusion: Although flurandrenolide tape may be left in place during PUVA therapy, adjustment of UV dose or removal of the tape is probably needed during UVB phototherapy.
Clinical Evidence of Lice Resistance to Over-the-Counter Products
Authors: Burkhart Craig G. , Burkhart Craig N. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Over-the-counter insecticidal solutions continue to be the mainstream treatment for most cases of head lice. Recorded insecticidal activity 15 years ago was at 100%, with ovicidal kill at 80%. Recently scattered accounts of possible resistance have surfaced. Objective: This article is to document the general consensus that head lice are becoming resistant to standard over-the-counter therapies. Methods: Direct testing of lethality of adult lice with permethrin and pyrethroid was assessed. Results: Present over-the-counter products proved to be successful in only 9 of 32 head lice tested (28% insecticidal activity). Conclusions: Our series of cases further documents that over-the-counter head lice preparations no longer achieve high levels of insecticidal activity, suggesting increased resistance to these insecticides.
Male Paget's Disease of the Breast
Authors: Hayes Robert , Cummings Brian , Miller Robert A.W. , Guha Ashim K. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Paget's disease is an extremely rare condition of the male breast that presents as an eczematous change of the nipple and areola. It is almost always associated with an underlying intraductal carcinoma. Objective: A case of Paget's disease of the male breast with extension into adnexal structures is reported. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE search for cases of Paget's disease of the male breast was performed and the cases were reviewed. The following antibodies were used in immunohistochemical staining: Rabbit Anti-Human c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein, monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human Estrogen Receptor (IgGl, kappa), and monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human Progesterone Receptor (Clone PgR 636). Results: This is only the 43rd histologically proven case of Paget's disease of the male breast in the world literature and, to our knowledge, the first to document extension of Paget's cells into adnexal structures, including eccrine glands. Conclusion: Mammary Paget's disease is a rare phenomenon among men.
Serum Sickness
Authors: Jackson Robert 
Published: July 2017

Background: In the late 19th and early 20th century there was much interest in understanding the reactions to diphtheria antitoxin and the horse serum in which it was produced and administered. Objective: Pirquet and Schick reported on their studies of these reactions; particularly the differences in the reaction of those patients who had only one injection, and those who had a re-injection. Conclusion: Pirquet and Schick concluded that “due to a single injection of horse serum a change takes place in the reaction of the human organism to the re-introduction of the same substance.” This change, Pirquet in a 1906 article, called allergy.
Photodynamic Therapy with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induces Apoptosis and Caspase Activation in Malignant T Cells
Authors: Gad Faten , Viau Gilles , Bousbira Michele , Bertrand Richard , Bissonnette Robert 
Published: July 2017

Background: Preliminary studies have suggested that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can improve psoriasis and mycosis fungoides, two diseases where normal or malignant T cells play a central role. Objectives: To determine if ALA-PDT induces apoptosis and caspase activation in Jurkat cells, a malignant T-cell line. Methods: Jurkat cells were incubated with ALA in the presence of [14C]-thymidine followed by red light exposure. DNA fragmentation was measured 24 hours later with a DNA elution assay. The influence on DNA fragmentation of ALA concentration, time between ALA addition and light exposure, as well as light fluence were studied. The occurrence of oligonucleosome-sized DNA fragmentation was also studied with DNA electrophoresis. Caspase-3-like activity was monitored by measuring Ac-DEVD-AMC hydrolysis. Results: DNA fragmentation as high as 88% was observed 24 hours after ALA-PDT. The percentage of DNA fragmentation increased with increasing doses of ALA, red light fluence, as well as longer incubation time with ALA. DNA fragmentation was observed as early as 3 hours after ALA-PDT. The presence of apoptosis after ALA-PDT was confirmed by DNA electrophoresis. An increase in caspase-3-like activities was detected following ALA-PDT. Conclusion: ALA-PDT induces apoptosis and caspase-3-like activation in Jurkat cells.
The Efficacy and Safely of a Combination Benzoyl Peroxide/Clindamycin Topical Gel Compared with Benzoyl Peroxide Alone and a Benzoyl Peroxide/Erythromycin Combination Product
Authors: den Ley James J. , Hickman Janet G. , Jarratt Michael T. , Stewart Daniel M. , Levy Sharon F. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Topical clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide have each demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. When used in tandem, they promise greater efficacy than either individual agent through their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of combination benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin compared with benzoyl peroxide or benzoyl peroxide/erythromycin in the treatment of acne. Methods: In this randomized, 10-week, multicenter, single-blind trial, 492 patients with moderate to moderately severe acne were treated twice daily with 5% benzoyl peroxide/1% clindamycin, 5% benzoyl peroxide, or 5% benzoyl peroxide/3% erythromycin and assessed every 2 weeks. Results: Compared with benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin demonstrated significantly greater reductions in inflammatory lesions ( p = 0.04) and significantly greater overall improvement as assessed by physicians (p ⩽ 0.04) and patients ( p ≤ 0.001). Benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin demonstrated a nonsignificant trend for greater efficacy compared to benzoyl peroxide/erythromycin. Dry skin was the most frequent (⩽7.3%) adverse event with all three therapies. Conclusion: Benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin demonstrated improved efficacy and similar tolerability to benzoyl peroxide used alone and was similar to benzoyl peroxide/erythromycin, making this combination product an effective alternative antimicrobial therapy for acne.
A Skin Moisturizing Cream Containing Quaternium-18-Bentonite Effectively Improves Chronic Hand Dermatitis
Authors: Fowler Joseph F. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Irritant and allergic hand dermatitis is difficult to control in individuals who are unable to avoid causative exposures. Effectiveness of “protective” creams has been poor. Objective: To determine if hand dermatitis, primarily of an occupational nature, could be improved by the use of a newly developed moisturizing cream containing Quaternium-18-Bentonite. Methods: Adult male and female subjects with chronic hand dermatitis felt to be either allergic, irritant, or combined in nature, after a 2-week observation period, were given the study cream for routine application. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the investigator and the subject evaluated the skin parameters, including redness, scaling, fissuring, blistering, and pruritus, on a numerical scale. A global evaluation was also performed. Photographs were taken at each visit. Use of topical corticosteroids was recorded. No systemic therapies other than antihistamines were allowed. Results: Thirty-seven subjects were enrolled in the study and 33 completed it. The physician's and the subject's initial global evaluations averaged 6.0 and 5.8, respectively (0–10 scale). The final scores were 2.9 and 2.8, respectively, an improvement of 50% (p < 0.001). Topical corticosteroid usage was reduced in 29 of 33 subjects. Fifteen of 35 had a final score of 0–2, indicating complete or almost complete clearing. Only 10, including 2 of the dropouts, failed to show improvement. No adverse effects were noted. Comment: This moisturizing cream significantly improved chronic hand dermatitis in a majority of individuals with previously uncontrolled dermatitis despite continuing in their regular occupation.
Dermatologists and Allergists Have Far More Experience and Use More Complex Treatment Regimens in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Than other Physicians
Authors: Henderson Robert L. , Fleischer Alan B. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent skin condition, especially in the pediatric population. Whereas it has been shown that dermatologists prefer using more intensive therapy for AD than generalists, actual drug utilization has not been quantified. Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize visits for and treatment of AD in the office-based setting. Methods: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1990 to 1997 was analyzed to determine the use of topical corticosteroids (including their relative potencies), oral antibiotics, and oral antihistamines in the treatment of AD. Results: There were an estimated 900,000 outpatient visits per year for AD. If in some visits to generalists the diagnosis for AD was miscoded as contact dermatitis, there may have been as many as 3 million outpatient visits per year for AD. Topical corticosteroids were used in 67% of visits with a mean potency rank of 4.5 (4.3, 4.8 95% CI). Dermatologists saw 48% of all visits for AD (63 yearly visits/physician) and allergists saw 10% of visits (30 yearly visits/physician). Other physicians saw from 0.1 to 2 yearly visits per physician. Dermatologists were the most likely to use topical corticosteroids (81% of visits) and high-potency corticosteroid agents (22% of visits). Dermatologists and allergists were the only physicians to prescribe ultrahigh-potent corticosteroid agents (12% and 9% of visits, respectively) and were more likely than other physicians to use multiple-agent regimens (21% and 27% of visits treated with a corticosteroid agent, respectively). Conclusions: Dermatologists and allergists have more expertise in the management of AD than other physicians, as suggested by their higher per capita visits and greater use of complex topical corticosteroid regimens.
Genital Lentigines in a 6-Year-Old Boy with a Family History of Cowden's Disease: Clinical and Genetic Evidence of the Linkage between Bannayan–Riley–Ruvacalba Syndrome and Cowden's Disease
Authors: Blum Robin R. , Rahimizadeh Afshin , Kardon Nataline , Lebwohl Mark , Wei Huachen 
Published: July 2017

Background: In 1997, it was reported that a PTEN gene deletion, a common genetic mutation in Cowden's disease (CD), was identified in a patient with Bannayan–Riley–Ruvacalba (BRR), suggesting that the two diseases were allelic. However, the clinical overlap between the two diseases has largely remained unclear. Objective: To confirm the genetic and clinical association in a family segregating both CD and BRR. Methods: Clinical evaluation and genetic analysis using a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE), and DNA sequencing techniques. Results: Our patient presents with typical BRR clinical manifestations, including multiple lentigines on his penis, while his mother presents with typical manifestations of CD, including multiple malignancies. Genetic analyses of leukocytes from the patient and his mother showed mutations in exon 8 that was identified as the presumably truncating mutation R335X. Conclusion: This report provides clinical evidence that both BRR and CD are closely related and confirms the PTEN gene mutation in BRR and CD patients segregating in the same family, thus confirming the genetic linkage between the two genodermatoses.
Peroxisomes in Dermatology. Part I
Authors: Smith Kathleen J. , Dipreta Edward , Skelton Henry 
Published: July 2017

Background: Peroxisomes are small cellular organelles that were almost ignored for years because they were believed to play only a minor role in cellular functions. However, it is now known that peroxisomes play an important role in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation as well as in the modulation of inflammatory mediators. In addition, peroxisomes have broad effects on the metabolism of lipids, hormones, and xenobiotics. Through their effects on lipid metabolism, peroxisomes also affect cellular membranes and adipocyte formation, as well as insulin sensitivity, and peroxisomes play a role in aging and tumorigenesis through their effects on oxidative stress. Objective: To review genetically determined peroxisomal disorders, especially those that particularly affect the skin, and some recent information on the specific genetic defects that lead to some of these disorders. In addition, we present some of the emerging knowledge of peroxisomal proliferator activator receptors (PPARs) and how ligands for mese receptors modulate different peroxisomal functions. We also present information on how the discovery of PPARs, and the broad and diverse group of ligands that activate these members of the superfamily of nuclear binding transcription factors, has led to development of new drugs that modulate the function of peroxisomes. Conclusion: PPAR expression and ligand modulation within the skin have shown potential uses for these ligands in a number of inflammatory cutaneous disorders, including acne vulgaris, cutaneous disorders with barrier dysfunction, cutaneous effects of aging, and poor wound healing associated with altered signal transduction, as well as for side effects induced by the metabolic dysregulation of other drugs.
Ultraviolet Light (UV) Regulation of the TNF Family Decoy Receptors DcR2 and DcR3 in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Maeda Tomoko , Hao Chunhai , Tron Victor A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Several additional members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family were recently identified. The existence of such receptors, which may play distinct and unique regulatory roles, suggests that complex regulatory mechanisms are involved in apoptosis. Objective: This study examines the expression of several members of the TNF receptor family in human keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Methods: Human keratinocytes were exposed to increasing doses of UVB, total RNA was harvested, and a quantitative RNase protection assay was performed. Results: Decoy receptor-3 (DcR3), a nonfunctional receptor that binds to Fas ligand (FasL), was constitutively expressed at high level in keratinocytes but decreased rapidly in cells exposed to UVB. Decoy receptor-2 (DcR2), a nonfunctional receptor that binds to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/APO-2L, showed the opposite expression pattern. DcR2 was undetectable in unirradiated keratinocytes and was markedly up-regulated after exposure to UVB. Although the response showed significant delays at higher UVB doses, the patterns observed for DcR3 and DcR2 were consistent in this set of experiments. Conclusion: We conclude that UVB regulates expression of these two TNF decoy receptors in keratinocytes. This pathway may represent a novel mechanism for regulation of apoptosis in the skin.
Betamethasone Valerate Foam for Treatment of Nonscalp Psoriasis
Authors: Stein Linda F. , Sherr Amelia , Solodkina Galina , Gottlieb Alice B. , Chaudhari Umesh 
Published: July 2017

Background: Although betamethasone valerate (BMV) foam, 0.12% (Luxiq™, Connectics Corporation, Palo Alto, CA) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive scalp dermatoses, no data are available for its use on nonscalp psoriasis. Objective: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of BMV foam in treating psoriatic lesions at nonscalp sites. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, paired-comparison, split-body study of 40 patients with mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis. Patients applied BMV foam and placebo foam twice daily for 12 weeks. Results: At the end of the treatment period, 70% of patients had greater than 50% improvement of lesions on their active foam-treated side compared with 24% of patients with similar improvement on their placebo foam-treated side. Adverse effects were limited to temporary stinging, burning, or itching in several patients. Three patients (7.5%) withdrew because of stinging or itching. Conclusions: The results indicate that BMV foam is effective against nonscalp psoriasis. Twice-daily applications are well tolerated, compliance exceeds 90%, cosmetic characteristics are acceptable, and the medication may reduce the need for multiple prescriptions.
Human Papillomavirus, Smoking, and Cancer
Authors: Moore Todd O. , Moore Angela Yen , Carrasco Daniel , Vander Straten Melody , Arany Istvan , Au William , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The effect of smoking on human papillomavirus (HPV) activity and subsequent dysplasia and neoplasia remains controversial Objective: To determine any reported effects of smoking on either HPV activity or HPV-related dysplasia/cancer using retrospective analysis of the literature from 1966 through 1998 via Toxline and PubMed to search for “smoking,” “papillomavirus,” and “cancer.” Conclusion: Several recent large studies demonstrated that smoking was associated with a greater incidence of cervical, vulvar, penile, anal, oral, and head and neck cancer in a dose-dependent fashion, while other studies did not show any correlation between smoking and cervical dysplasia after multivariate adjustment. Recent studies have also indicated that smoking may be more closely related to high-grade lesions of the cervix and vulva. These data provide evidence of an association between HPV, smoking, and cancer. Progression of dysplasia likewise seems to be associated with smoking. Several groups have attempted to discern whether the connection between smoking and cervical cancer is from local immunosuppression and/or from direct carcinogenic effects.
Dural Melanoma Associated with Ocular Melanosis and Multiple Blue Nevi
Authors: Rivers Jason K. , Bhayana Shelly , Martinka Magda 
Published: July 2017

Background: Primary meningeal melanomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are a rare malignant process with the majority originating from the leptomeninges. Primary dural melanomas have been reported to occur in isolation or in conjunction with Nevus of Ota. The association of primary dural melanoma with multiple cutaneous blue nevi has not been reported previously. Objective: To describe a case of a 41-year-old Asian woman patient with a primary dural melanoma that arose in association with ocular melanosis and multiple cutaneous blue nevi. The patient is alive almost more than 8 years after subtotal and subsequent total resection of her primary tumor. Primary dural melanomas, Nevus of Ota, and blue nevi are discussed in relation to their coexistence and potential for intracranial melanoma. Conclusion: CNS melanoma is regarded as an extremely aggressive disease with poor prognosis. This case and previous reports of dural melanomas occurring in isolation or with Nevus of Ota have demonstrated relatively prolonged survival after surgical intervention. We conclude that dural melanomas are less aggressive tumors requiring surgical extirpation only.
Bullous Pilomatricoma: A Report of Clinical and Pathologic Findings and Review of Dermal Bullous Disorders
Authors: Weichert Gabriele E. , Bush Kevin L. , Crawford Richard I. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Pilomatricoma is a common benign adnexal tumor differentiating toward elements of the hair matrix and shaft. It typically presents as a solitary, deep, dermal nodule. We describe a case of a pilomatricoma with the unusual feature of a thick-walled dermal bulla overlying the tumor. Objective: We describe a case of bullous pilomatricoma and discuss the potential etiology of the bullous feature of the lesion. Methods: This article includes a case report and a literature review. Conclusions: Bullous pilomatricoma has rarely been described. A common pathological feature in this type of pilomatricoma is the presence of dilated lymphatics. Bullous morphea associated with dermal lymphatic dilation has also been described. In both bullous pilomatricoma and morphea, it is possible that individual pathological features of the lesion lead to obstruction and congestion of the dermal lymphatics thereby inducing enough dilation and edema to form a dermal bulla. Antécédents: Le pilomatrixome (épithéliome calcifiant de Malherbe) est une tumeur annexielle bénigne qui ressemble aux éléments de la matrice et de la tige pilaires. Il se manifeste typiquement par un nodule sous-cutané solitaire. Nous rapportons un cas de pilomatrixome présentant la caractéristique inhabituelle d'une bulle dermique à paroi épaisse située au-dessus de la tumeur. Objectifs: Décrire un cas de pilomatrixome bulleux et présenter l'étiologie potentielle d'une telle manifestation. Méthodes: Cet article comporte une étude de cas ainsi qu'une revue de la littérature. Conclusion: Le pilomatrixome bulleux a rarement été décrit. La dilatation des vaisseaux lymphatiques constitue une manifestation pathologique fréquente de cette forme de pilomatrixome. La morphée bulleuse a également été associée à une dilatation de vaisseaux lymphatiques. Il est possible que les caractéristiques pathologiques individuelles des lésions du pilomatrixome bulleux et de la morphée entraînent une obstruction et une congestion des vaisseaux lymphatiques, provoquant ainsi une dilatation et un œdème suffisamment importants pour former une bulle.
Development of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated with Interferon Alpha 2b
Authors: Neglia Vicenta , Sookoian Silvia , Herrera Micaela , AbeIdaño Alejandra , Kien Maria Cristina , Chouela Edgardo , Frider Bernardo 
Published: July 2017

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly affects young adults. A probable induction of sarcoidosis by interferons (IFN) has been published. To this date, few cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C under interferon treatment have been reported. Objective: We describe a 50-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C who developed lesions of cutaneous sarcoidosis three months after IFN treatment. Conclusions: The possible role of INF therapy in the development of cutaneous sarcoidosis in a patient with chronic hepatitis C should be considered.