bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and chronically elevated glucose levels following the transition from multiple daily injections to advanced hybrid closed‐loop: A qualitative study
Authors: Wong Jessica Y. , Styles Sara E. , Wiltshire Esko J. , de Bock Martin I. , Boucsein Alisa , Palmer Octavia J. , Wheeler Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo understand experiences of using second‐generation advanced hybrid closed‐loop (AHCL) therapy in adolescents and young adults with chronically elevated glucose levels who were previously using multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy.MethodSemi‐structured interviews with participants aged 13–25 years, on AHCL therapy for 3 months as part of a single‐arm prospective study. Key inclusions: HbA1c ≥69 mmol/mol (8.5%); diabetes duration ≥1 year; and using MDI therapy prior to the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes.ResultsInterviews were conducted among 14 participants with mean age 19.4 ± 4.3 years and mean baseline HbA1c 90 ± 25 mmol/mol (10.4 ± 4.5%). Three themes were identified: (1) substantially improved glucose levels improved perceptions of overall health; (2) features of AHCL aid in adoption and ongoing self‐management; and (3) burden of care was reduced through automation of insulin delivery. Overall, there were positive impacts on physical, mental and social well‐being. Participants were willing to overlook minor frustrations with AHCL because of the vast benefits that they had experienced. Four participants reported transient pseudo‐hypoglycaemia: symptoms of hypoglycaemia when objectively measured glucose was in the clinically recommended range (3.9–10 mmol/L, 70–180 mg/dL).ConclusionTransition to AHCL therapy positively impacted diabetes management in adolescents and youth with chronically elevated glucose levels. It appears to create a window of opportunity in which youth may re‐engage with diabetes management. Pseudo‐hypoglycaemia can occur during the transition to AHCL. This could be a barrier to AHCL uptake and is likely to require individualised support.
Political ideology, emotion response, and confirmation bias
Authors: Dickinson David L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMotivated reasoning can serve to help resolve emotional discomfort, which suggests emotion as a likely moderator of such reasoning. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by examining emotion and confirmation bias in the political domain. Results from two preregistered studies, which involved over 900 unique participants, document a confirmation bias across distinct dimensions of belief and preference formation. Also, ideologically dissonant information significantly worsens self‐reported emotion. With some exceptions, the evidence generally supports the hypothesis that negative emotion moderates the strength of the bias, which highlights the importance of emotion response in understanding and potentially counteracting confirmation bias.
Characteristics of falls in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Yamada Minoru , Terao Yusuke , Kojima Iwao , Tanaka Shu , Saegusa Hiroki , Nanbu Miho , Soma Shiho , Matsumoto Hiroki , Saito Masaya , Okawa Kohei , Haga Naoto , Arai Hidenori 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveUnderstanding the characteristics of falls among older adults is necessary to prevent them. These characteristics include questions such as when (month and time), where (places), who (age), what (injury), why (trigger), and how (direction) the falls occur. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of falls in individuals aged 65–74 years (young‐old), 75–84 years (old‐old), and ≥85 years (oldest‐old).MethodsWe conducted an observational mail survey among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan and collected detailed information on the incidence of falls over the past 3 years. The month, time, location, trigger, direction, and resulting trauma of each fall were analyzed and compared across the different age groups (young‐old, old‐old, and oldest‐old).ResultsA total of 1695 falls among 1074 community‐dwelling older adults were analyzed in this study. Falls were frequent during May and October as well as during the winter season from December to February, especially between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. These fall characteristics were consistent across all the age groups. There was a higher incidence of outdoor falls among relatively young older adults, which were typically caused by tripping or slipping. However, as one progresses with age, there is a higher incidence of falls indoors, typically due to loss of balance or leg entrapment. Approximately 60% of older fallers experience some form of injury due to falls, with fractures considered the most serious, occurring in ≈10% of all falls.ConclusionWe clarified the characteristics of falls including the “when, where, who, what, why, and how” of the fall. A future challenge is to use this valuable information to develop effective fall prevention programs for older populations worldwide. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1181–1188.
How many polyps need to be histologically assessed when multiple polyps are submitted for the Bowel Cancer Screening Program?
Authors: Wong Newton A C S , Jones Hannah E , Halloran Katherine M 
Published: October 2024

AimsSince 2020 there has been an increase in the number of polyps removed from patients scoped for the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) of England. General cellular pathology workload also continues to increase disproportionately ahead of consultant pathologist numbers in the United Kingdom. The Optical Diagnosis initiative for BCSP patients has not yet, and may not be, implemented at every hospital in England. The following study therefore aimed to determine whether only a certain number of removed polyps need to be histologically assessed to consistently guide a BCSP patient's post‐polypectomy management, and whether all remaining smaller polyps beyond that number could then be discarded.MethodsThis retrospective study considered all BCSP specimens/cases submitted to the Cellular Pathology department of a large English teaching hospital from 2016 to 2024. Only cases with six or more resected polyps, for which the endoscopic report stated individual sizes, were included in the final study cohort.ResultsOf the 8066 BCSP cases submitted to the aforementioned department, there were six or more polyps for 345 cases. Analysis of the final study cohort of 135 cases showed that assessment of the seven largest polyps measured endoscopically was sufficient to correctly guide follow‐up management of the BCSP patient as per the 2020 British Society of Gastroenterology post‐polypectomy guidelines.ConclusionsWhen colonoscopy of a BCSP patient leads to removal of multiple polyps, only the seven largest polyps need to be assessed histologically and the remaining smaller polyps could be discarded with no impact to the patient's BCSP‐related management.
Firms' heterogeneity and intraindustry reallocation: Beyond dichotomous partitioning
Authors: Chen Xi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the trade‐induced reallocation of resources beyond the conventional partition in trade models. It challenges the typical partition of firms into domestic‐only and trading entities. The paper demonstrates that reallocation across heterogeneous firms can occur without such dichotomous partitioning. For reallocation to happen, firms must have different exposure to international markets. The paper uses offshoring models with labor market frictions to illustrate this principle. The offshoring model reveals that labor market frictions induce variations in wage and offshoring intensity. These variations then lead to differential impacts from offshoring cost shifts, resulting in reallocation across heterogeneous firms without partition.
Effects of Dentifrices With Antierosive Potential on the Surface of Bovine Enamel Submitted to Acidic Beverage
Authors: dos Santos Guilherme Silva , Felix Amanda Ferreira , Matos Iago César Ribeiro Teles , Carvalho Gabriela Luiza Moreira , André Carolina Bosso , Kury Matheus , Cavalli Vanessa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of dentifrices containing sodium fluoride (NaF) combined with NovaMin (Sensodyne Repair & Protect—SRP), NaF combined with stannous fluoride (SnF2, Oral‐B Pro‐Gengiva—OBP), and amine fluoride (AmF, Colgate Elmex—ELM) on enamel subjected to simulated erosive cycling.Materials and MethodsBovine enamel‐dentin discs (n = 10/group) were subjected to erosive cycling with orange juice (pH = 3.29, 5 min, 3x/day), artificial saliva (SA–2 h, 3x/day and overnight) and treated with dentifrice (2 min, 2x/day) or without treatment (CONT). Surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated at baseline (T0), on the first (T1) and fifth (T5) days. SMH loss (%SHL) was calculated. Surface roughness (Ra, μm) was determined at T0 and T5. Morphology and mineral content were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey or Bonferroni (α = 5%).ResultsNo differences in %SHL were detected among groups at T1. At T5, OBP promoted %SHL, Ra, and ΔRa significantly lower than all the other groups (p < 0.05). All groups exhibited morphological changes in topography and similar Ca/P means before and after treatments.ConclusionsDentifrice containing SnF2 minimized the negative effects on the SMH and Ra caused by exposure to orange juice after 5 days of simulated cycling.Clinical RelevancePatients who are more exposed to risk factors for dental erosion could benefit from the use of dentifrice containing SnF2.
Child maltreatment and insomnia symptoms among Chinese university students: the buffering role of self‐efficacy
Authors: Xiong Peng , Feng Wanmin , Lin Yusi 
Published: October 2024

SummaryInsomnia symptoms represent a significant public health concern, as it engenders substantial long‐term health consequences. Considerable research has established the detrimental impacts of child maltreatment on sleep problems among university students. However, the role of self‐efficacy in the association between childhood maltreatment and insomnia remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between child maltreatment and insomnia symptoms among university students, and to investigate whether self‐efficacy moderated the effects of child maltreatment on insomnia symptoms. A total of 2014 participants with random cluster sampling method were recruited from Jinan University in Guangzhou, China, from October 2022 to November 2022. Adjusting for covariates, the results of multiple logistic regression indicated that the participants with the experience of any type of child maltreatment (odds ratio [OR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63–3.07), childhood emotional abuse (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.95–3.41), childhood emotional neglect (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.87–1.54), childhood physical abuse (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.60–2.8), childhood physical neglect (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.64–2.92), childhood sexual abuse (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.46–2.68) were more likely to report insomnia symptoms than those without. Individuals reporting one–two types and three–five types of child maltreatment were 1.81 times (95% CI 1.30–2.52) and 3.77 times (95% CI 2.58–5.50) more likely to report insomnia symptoms than those reporting zero types of child maltreatment, respectively. Furthermore, robust linear regression analysis revealed that self‐efficacy moderated the associations between child maltreatment and insomnia symptoms (β = 0.007, 95% CI 0.004–0.010). These findings underscore the need for integrated mental health education, support services, and faculty training to address the impact of child maltreatment on insomnia symptoms among university students. Policy recommendations include advocating for comprehensive mental health services, incorporating self‐efficacy initiatives, and fostering community engagement for a holistic approach to student well‐being.
Prognosis of Acute HEV Infection in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Study of 628 Chinese Patients
Authors: An Wen , Li Mengqi , Luo Jing , Yu Zhe , Wei Hongshan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAcute hepatitis E virus infection is a serious global health problem, which a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to characterise the clinical features and therapeutic response of patients with acute HEV infection and identify risk factors for poor prognosis. In a retrospective study from 01 January 2014 to 01 Januray 2022, we collected baseline data from all patients eligible for acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and followed up with all patients via interviews and medical records. We explored the clinical feature of Chinese patients with acute HEV infection. The follow‐up data of patients were used to identify risk factors for poor prognosis. In total, 628 acute hepatitis E (AHE) patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria. Among them, 452 were males and 176 were females (M:F = 2.57:1). The median age at diagnosis was 57.0 years (interquartile range: 46–64 years). The median baseline serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL) were elevated in this cohort (642.3 U/L, 216.2 U/L, 104.1 μmol/L, respectively). The median hospitalisation duration was 16 days. Compared with patients without other liver diseases, patients with liver cirrhosis show lower baseline ALT and AST level, poorer coagulation indices and higher MELD scores. According to multivariate analysis, liver cirrhosis, high MELD score, low albumin concentration was found to be independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients with AHE. Our study used a lager sample size to validate that some demographic and serological features were quite different between patients with/without CLDs. Liver cirrhosis was a significant independent predictor of poor prognosis in acute HEV hepatitis.
Use of prototype bi‐nasal prongs for noninvasive ventilation in foals
Authors: Raidal Sharanne L. , van Diggelen Michael , Catanchin Chee Sum M. , Lehmann Heidi S. , Quinn Chris T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) provides effective respiratory support in foals, but face masks are poorly tolerated and associated with hypercapnia. Bi‐nasal prongs might be a more effective device interface in foals.ObjectivesTo compare bi‐nasal prongs and masks for NIV in foals with pharmacologically induced respiratory insufficiency.AnimalsSix healthy foals.MethodsIn a randomized cross‐over study, sedated foals received NIV delivered by mask or bi‐nasal prongs, with the treatment repeated using the alternative device interface after a 3‐day rest period. After periods of spontaneous ventilation through the allocated interface, with and without supplementary O2 (T2‐T3), foals were subject to 10‐minute treatment periods of NIV at different pressure support (5 or 10 cmH2O) and end‐expiratory pressure settings (5 or 10 cmH2O), with and without supplementary O2 (T4‐T7). Vital signs, arterial blood gases, spirometry, and gas exchange data were measured in the final 2 minutes of each treatment window.ResultsBi‐nasal prongs were well tolerated and required less manual positioning or monitoring compared to the mask. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide did not increase during NIV with bi‐nasal prongs and was lower than observed with masks (mean difference, 8.2 mmHg [95% confidence interval, 4.1‐12.2 mmHg] at T6). Oxygenation and respiratory mechanics were improved in all foals and not different between device interfaces.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNasal prongs were well tolerated, had similar effects on respiratory function, and appeared to ameliorate hypercapnia observed previously during NIV in foals.
The host and pathogen myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthases are required for Rhizoctonia solaniAG1‐IA infection in tomato
Authors: Tyagi Kriti , Chandan Ravindra K. , Sahoo Debashis , Ghosh Srayan , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Jha Gopaljee 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthase (MIPS) catalyses the biosynthesis of myo‐inositol, an important sugar that regulates various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Here, we provide evidence that host (SlMIPS1) and pathogen (Rs_MIPS) myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthase (MIPS) genes are required for successful infection of Rhizoctonia solani, a devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen, in tomato. Silencing of either SlMIPS1 or Rs_MIPS prevented disease, whereas an exogenous spray of myo‐inositol enhanced disease severity. SlMIPS1 was upregulated upon R. solani infection, and potentially promoted source‐to‐sink transition, induced SWEET gene expression, and facilitated sugar availability in the infected tissues. In addition, salicylic acid (SA)‐jasmonic acid homeostasis was altered and SA‐mediated defence was suppressed; therefore, disease was promoted. On the other hand, silencing of SlMIPS1 limited sugar availability and induced SA‐mediated defence to prevent R. solani infection. Virus‐induced gene silencing of NPR1, a key gene in SA signalling, rendered SlMIPS1‐silenced tomato lines susceptible to infection. These analyses suggest that induction of SA‐mediated defence imparts disease tolerance in SlMIPS1‐silenced tomato lines. In addition, we present evidence that SlMIPS1 and SA negatively regulate each other to modulate the defence response. SA treatment reduced SlMIPS1 expression and myo‐inositol content in tomato, whereas myo‐inositol treatment prevented SA‐mediated defence. We emphasize that downregulation of host/pathogen MIPS can be an important strategy for controlling diseases caused by R. solani in agriculturally important crops.
Effect of Environmental Awareness‐Based Education on Environmental Attitudes of Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Evcimen Hasan , Çiftci Necmettin , Yıldız Metin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the effect of environmental awareness‐based education given to nursing students on their environmental attitudes.MethodThis study was designed in a parallel‐group 1:1 single‐blind randomized controlled experimental design. The study was conducted with 110 nursing students studying at a state university in Turkey between November 1, 2023, and March 15, 2024. Data were collected using a personal information form and the Environmental Attitude Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and G Power 3.1.9.7 software.ResultsAfter the training program was applied to the students, it was found that the mean score of the environmental attitude scale of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). It was found that the posttest mean score of the experimental group's environmental attitude scale was higher than the pretest (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt was observed that the environmental awareness‐based education program given to nursing students had a positive effect on environmental attitude. Longitudinal studies on environmental attitude are recommended.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06169189
The (un)known issue with using rose bengal as a standard of singlet oxygen photoproduction
Authors: Mokrzyński Krystian , Szewczyk Grzegorz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRose bengal (RB) is a widely used photosensitizer for determining quantum yields of singlet oxygen generation. While it is known to aggregate in polar environments at concentrations above 2 μM, the relationship between RB concentration and singlet oxygen photogeneration remains unclear. This study investigates the shift from monomeric to dimeric RB with increasing concentration and its impact on singlet oxygen generation in D2O‐based solutions and DMPC liposomes. Absorbance maxima for RB were observed at 514 nm (dimer) and 549 nm (monomer), with ionic environments influencing aggregation rates. Singlet oxygen phosphorescence showed non‐linear dependency above 2 μM, indicating the effects of aggregation. Results suggest that RB concentrations should be kept at 1 μM or lower in photochemical studies to avoid aggregation‐related discrepancies in singlet oxygen yield determination. These findings highlight the importance of considering RB aggregation in photochemical research and medical applications.
Xylem embolism induced by freeze–thaw and drought are influenced by different anatomical traits in subtropical montane evergreen angiosperm trees
Authors: Zhang Feng , Liu Yi‐Wen , Qin Jie , Jansen Steven , Zhu Shi‐Dan , Cao Kun‐Fang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubtropical evergreen broadleaved forests distributed in montane zones of southern China experience seasonal droughts and winter frost. Previously, studies have recognized that xylem anatomy is a determinant of its vulnerability to embolism caused by drought and freezing events. We hypothesized that there is a coordination of xylem resistance to freeze–thaw and drought‐induced embolism for the subtropical montane evergreen broadleaved tree species because they are influenced by common xylem structural traits (e.g., vessel diameter). We examined the branch xylem anatomy, resistance to drought‐induced embolism (P50), and the percent loss of branch hydraulic conductivity after a severe winter frost (PLCwinter) for 15 evergreen broadleaved tree species in a montane forest in South China. Our results showed that P50 of the studied species ranged from −2.81 to −5.13 MPa, which was not associated with most xylem anatomical properties except for the axial parenchyma‐to‐vessel connectivity. These tree species differed substantially in PLCwinter, ranging from 0% to 76.41%. PLCwinter was positively related to vessel diameter and negatively related to vessel density, vessel group index, and vessel‐to‐vessel connectivity, but no coordination with P50. This study suggests that hydraulic adaptation to frost is important to determine the distributional limit of subtropical montane evergreen woody angiosperms.
Genome‐wide identification of sweet potato U‐Box E3 ubiquitin ligases and roles of IbPUB52 in negative regulation of drought stress
Authors: Lyu Shanwu , Mao Yaping , Zhang Yi , Yu Tianli , Yang Xuangang , Zhu Hongbo , Deng Shulin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe plant U‐box (PUB) proteins, a family of ubiquitin ligases (E3) enzymes, are pivotal in orchestrating many biological processes and facilitating plant responses to environmental stressors. Despite their critical roles, exploring the PUB gene family's characteristics and functional diversity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) has been notably limited. There were 81 IbPUB genes identified within the sweet potato genome, and they were categorized into eight distinct groups based on domain architecture, revealing a non‐uniform distribution across the 15 chromosomes of I. batatas. The investigation of cis‐acting elements has shed light on the potential of PUBs to participate in a wide array of biological processes, particularly emphasizing their role in mediating responses to abiotic stresses. Transcriptome profiles revealed that IbPUB genes displayed a wide range of expression levels among different tissues and were regulated by salt or drought stress. IbPUB52 has emerged as a gene of significant interest due to its induction by salt and drought stresses. Localization studies have confirmed the presence of IbPUB52 in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and its ubiquitination activity has been validated through rigorous in vitro and in vivo assays. Intriguingly, the heterogeneous expression of IbPUB52 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased drought tolerance. The virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of IbPUB52 in sweet potatoes led to enhanced resistance to drought. This evidence suggests that IbPUB52 negatively regulates the drought tolerance of plants. The findings of this study are instrumental in advancing our comprehension of the functional dynamics of PUB E3 ubiquitin ligases in sweet potatoes.