bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dreams and creative problem‐solving
Authors: Barrett Deirdre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDreams have produced art, music, novels, films, mathematical proofs, designs for architecture, telescopes, and computers. Dreaming is essentially our brain thinking in another neurophysiologic state—and therefore it is likely to solve some problems on which our waking minds have become stuck. This neurophysiologic state is characterized by high activity in brain areas associated with imagery, so problems requiring vivid visualization are also more likely to get help from dreaming. This article reviews great historical dreams and modern laboratory research to suggest how dreams can aid creativity and problem‐solving.
Transferring connections: Friend and sibling attachments' importance in the lives of singles
Authors: BRUMBAUGH CLAUDIA CHLOE 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBroadly speaking, attachment theorists have argued that the unconscious, social–cognitive process oftransferenceis one of the mechanisms underlying attachment stability and coherence. This study assessed the transference of friend and sibling attachments and examined differences between single and romantically coupled individuals. Attachment‐related feelings transferred to new individuals who resembled friends and siblings, and this process was especially true for single people. Having more siblings corresponded to greater attachment security for all participants, and larger friend networks buffered singles specifically from attachment insecurity. In general, friend and sibling relationships appeared to be more influential for single individuals, pointing to the importance of these significant others in singles' lives.
Preferred intervention strategies to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors among African‐American mothers and daughters
Authors: Reed Monique , Julion Wrenetha , McNaughton Diane , Wilbur JoEllen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify cultural‐ and age‐appropriate intervention strategies to improve dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviors in African‐American adolescent daughters and their mothers.Design and sampleA convergent parallel mixed methods design with interactive quantitative and qualitative measures was used. Twenty‐four 9th‐ and 10th‐grade African‐American daughters from a large urban high school and their mothers participated.MeasuresMeasures included the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System dietary and PA questions, 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dietary and PA questions, and BMI. Focus group questions covered preferred intervention formats and strategies for delivering a dietary and PA intervention.ResultsFifty‐five percent of daughters and 92% of mothers were overweight/obese. Mothers tended to prefer the group format (mothers/daughters together or mothers together) for delivering a dietary and PA intervention, while the daughters’ delivery preferences were mixed. Top mother/daughter dyad strategy preferences for both dietary and PA were goal setting and use of rewards/prizes.ConclusionsThese findings suggest several dietary and PA obesity intervention strategies that can guide obesity prevention efforts for African‐American daughters and their mothers.
Increasing the pipeline and diversity of doctorally prepared nurses: Description and preliminary evaluation of a health disparities summer research program
Authors: Salerno John P. , Gonzalez‐Guarda Rosa , Hooshmand Mary 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite calls to increase the number and diversity of doctorally prepared nurses, recent data indicate a severe shortage of PhD‐prepared nurses, especially those of racial/ethnic minority backgrounds. This is concerning, given that evidence indicates that racial/ethnic minority PhD‐prepared nurses are well‐positioned to address health disparities, by attending to the needs/concerns of medically underrepresented groups. The purpose of this article is to describe and provide a preliminary evaluation of a summer research program for minority nursing students. Online surveys were administered to assess for student satisfaction, knowledge gains, attitudes toward research, and intentions to pursue a PhD among minority undergraduate nursing students (N = 6) participating in the 10‐week program. Favorable trends were observed related to satisfaction, knowledge gains, and attitudes toward research. Fifty percent of the sample intended to pursue a PhD immediately after the program, compared to none before the program, and this result was maintained at 1‐year post‐program. The summer research program appears to be a promising strategy for increasing the number/diversity of PhD‐prepared nurses. More research on the implementation of programs exposing minority nursing students to health disparities research is needed to strengthen evidence that similar programs can serve to increase the pipeline of diverse doctorally prepared nurses.
Helicobacter pyloriSeropositivity and Childhood Neurodevelopment, the Rhea Birth Cohort in Crete, Greece
Authors: Karachaliou Marianna , Chatzi Leda , Michel Angelika , Kyriklaki Andriani , Kampouri Mariza , Koutra Katerina , Roumeliotaki Theano , Chalkiadaki Georgia , Stiakaki Eftichia , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , Kogevinas Manolis , de Sanjose Silvia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundLimited evidence exists on the association between exposure toHelicobacter pyloriinfection early in life, including fetal life, and neurodevelopment in childhood.MethodsWe used prospective data on 352 mother–child pairs and cross‐sectional data on 674 children to assess the association of maternal and child'sH. pyloriseropositivity correspondingly on child's neurodevelopment at age four in the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece. Blood levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies to 12H. pyloriproteins were measured using multiplex serology. Child's neurodevelopment at age four was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Linear regression models were used to explore the associations after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsHelicobacter pyloriseroprevalence (95% CI) in cord blood, representing maternal status, was 41.5% (36.3%, 46.8%) and in 4 years old children was 6.5% (95% CI 4.8%, 8.7%). Children ofH. pyloriseropositive mothers had lower score in the general cognitive (−3.87, 95% CI −7.02, −0.72), verbal (−2.96, 95% CI −6.08, 0.15), perceptual performance (−3.37, 95% CI −6.60, −0.15), quantitative (−2.85, 95% CI −6.28, 0.58), and memory scale (−3.37, 95% CI −6.67, −0.07) compared to those of seronegative mothers. Seropositivity in cord blood specifically to GroEl and NapA – two of the 12H. pyloriproteins investigated – was associated with lower scores in almost all scales. At age four,H. pyloriseropositive children performed worst in neurodevelopment assessment compared to their seronegative counterparts although no association reached statistically significant level.ConclusionsHelicobacter pyloriinfection in early life may be an important but preventable risk factor for poor neurodevelopment.
Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy and the Risk of Attention Deficit with or without Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Boukhris Takoua , Sheehy Odile , Bérard Anick 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe association between antidepressant (AD) use during pregnancy and the risk of attention deficit with or without hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is debated. We investigated the risk of ADHD associated with overall and class‐specific antidepressant exposure in utero.MethodsWe designed a register‐based cohort study using the Quebec Pregnancy/Children Cohort (QPC). A total of 144 406 singleton full‐term live‐born from 1998 to 2009 were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsDuring 542 897 person‐years of follow‐up, 4564 (3.2%) infants were identified with ADHD. The mean age at first ADHD diagnosis was 6.3 ± 2.3 years (range 0–11 years), and the mean age at first ADHD medication use was 7.0 ± 1.5 years. Adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal history of depression/anxiety and ADHD, AD use during the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0, 1.6; 134 exposed cases). More specifically, tricyclic use was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0, 3.1; 16 exposed cases); SSRI and SNRI use were not associated with increased ADHD risk.ConclusionThis study suggests that AD use during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, specifically tricyclics, is an independent risk factor for ADHD in children above and beyond the risk associated with maternal depression/anxiety or ADHD. However, residual confounding by indication severity could not be completely ruled out.
Global transcriptome and coexpression network analyses reveal cultivar‐specific molecular signatures associated with seed development and seed size/weight determination in chickpea
Authors: Garg Rohini , Singh Vikash K. , Rajkumar Mohan Singh , Kumar Vinay , Jain Mukesh 
Published: June 2017

SummarySeed development is an intricate process regulated via a complex transcriptional regulatory network. To understand the molecular mechanisms governing seed development and seed size/weight in chickpea, we performed a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome dynamics during seed development in two cultivars with contrasting seed size/weight (small‐seeded, Himchana 1 and large‐seeded, JGK 3). Our analysis identified stage‐specific expression for a significant proportion (>13%) of the genes in each cultivar. About one half of the total genes exhibited significant differential expression in JGK 3 as compared with Himchana 1. We found that different seed development stages can be delineated by modules of coexpressed genes. A comparative analysis revealed differential developmental stage specificity of some modules between the two cultivars. Furthermore, we constructed transcriptional regulatory networks and identified key components determining seed size/weight. The results suggested that extended period of cell division during embryogenesis and higher level of endoreduplication along with more accumulation of storage compounds during maturation determine large seed size/weight. Further, we identified quantitative trait loci‐associated candidate genes harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter sequences that differentiate small‐ and large‐seeded chickpea cultivars. The results provide a valuable resource to dissect the role of candidate genes governing seed development and seed size/weight in chickpea.
Anti‐D in a mother, hemizygous for the variant RHD*DNB gene, associated with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
Authors: Quantock Kelli M. , Lopez Genghis H. , Hyland Catherine A. , Liew Yew‐Wah , Flower Robert L. , Niemann Frans J. , Joyce Arthur 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDIndividuals with the partial D phenotype when exposed to D+ red blood cells (RBCs) carrying the epitopes they lack may develop anti‐D specific for the missing epitopes. DNB is the most common partial D in Caucasians and the clinical significance for anti‐D in these individuals is unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis article describes the serologic genotyping results and clinical manifestations in two group D+ babies of a mother presenting as group O, D+ with alloanti‐D.RESULTSThe mother was hemizygous for RHD*DNB gene and sequencing confirmed a single‐nucleotide change at c.1063G>A. One baby (group A, D+) displayed bilirubinemia at birth with a normal hemoglobin level. Anti‐A and anti‐D were eluted from the RBCs. For the next ongoing pregnancy, the anti‐D titer increased from 32 to 256. On delivery the baby typed group O and anti‐D was eluted from the RBCs. This baby at birth exhibited anemia, reticulocytosis, and hyperbilirubinemia requiring intensive phototherapy treatment from Day 0 to Day 9 after birth and was discharged on Day 13. Intravenous immunoglobulin was also administered. Both babies were heterozygous for RHD and RHD*DNB.CONCLUSIONThe anti‐D produced by this woman with partial D DNB resulted in a case of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) requiring intensive treatment in the perinatal period. Anti‐D formed by women with the partial D DNB phenotype has the potential to cause HDFN where the fetus is D+. Women carrying RHD*DNB should be offered appropriate prophylactic anti‐D and be transfused with D– RBCs if not already alloimmunized.
Thromboelastography may predict risk of grade 2 bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients
Authors: Opheim E. N. , Apelseth T. O. , Stanworth S. J. , Eide G. E. , Hervig T. 
Published: June 2017

Background and objectivesPlatelet count is used as a prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger, although evidence suggests that it is a poor predictor of bleeding. Thus, alternative tests are required. The primary objective of this study was to compare thromboelastography (TEG) parameters on days with and without bleeding symptoms. The secondary objectives were to investigate the relationship between TEG parameters and haematological variables, fever, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and platelet transfusion.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective, observational pilot study of 13 thrombocytopenic, haemato‐oncologic patients, over 17 cycles of chemotherapy. Bleeding assessment was performed daily together with a total platelet count (TPC), reticulated platelet per cent (RPP) and count (RPC), haemoglobin, mean platelet volume, white blood cell count (WBC), CRP and temperature. TEG analyses were performed on weekdays.ResultsTEG alpha angle was significantly lower on days with World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 bleeding than on days without bleeding. Haematologic variables, CRP and platelet transfusion the previous day were associated with the outcome of TEG analysis, but fever was not.ConclusionWe found a highly significant correlation between the TEG alpha angle and WHO grade 2 bleeding. This finding suggests that fibrinogen–platelet interactions may affect the bleeding risk in thrombocytopenic patients.
An anatomical study of plate‐rod fixation in feline tibiae
Authors: Gutbrod Andreas , Vincenti Simona , Kühn Karolin , Knell Sebastian Christoph , Schmierer Philipp Alexander , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of placing bi‐cortical cortex (B‐cort) or mono‐cortical locking screws (M‐lock) in a plate‐rod construct applied to the feline tibia in combination with different intramedullary (IM) pins.MethodsTwenty‐four feline tibiae of cats were divided into 4 groups, corresponding to IM pin sizes filling approximately 30% (1.0 mm), 40% (1.4 mm), 45% (1.6 mm), and 50% (1.8 mm) of the medullary canal. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to trace potential screw trajectories in each group. A 12‐hole, 2.4 mm locking compression plate was then applied on the medial aspect of the tibia. M‐lock and B‐cort screws were inserted subsequently in each plate hole. Success rates of screw insertion based on CT analysis and cadaveric simulation were compared with screw type, IM pin diameter, and anatomic location as variables.ResultsScrew insertion rates were underestimated on CT compared to cadaveric specimens. During cadaveric simulation, B‐cort screws could be inserted in all specimens in the 3 most proximal plate holes and in at least 1 of the 3 distal plate holes. The smallest pin size (30%) allowed placement of a greater number of B‐cort screws (P < .05) compared to other pins. Fewer B‐cort screws could be inserted in the distal diaphyseal region (P < .05) compared to other regions. A total of 99.3% of M‐lock screws could be inserted regardless of IMP size.Clinical significancePlate rod constructs can include bicortical screws in the proximal and distal metaphysis, and monocortical screws in the diaphysis, combined with an IM pin filling up to 50% of the medullary canal.
Autophagy activation, not peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, may mediate exercise‐induced improvements in glucose handling during diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Rosa‐Caldwell Megan E. , Brown Jacob L. , Lee David E. , Blackwell Thomas A. , Turner Kyle W. , Brown Lemuel A. , Perry Richard A. , Haynie Wesley S. , Washington Tyrone A. , Greene Nicholas P. 
Published: June 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the individual and combined effects of muscle‐specific peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) overexpression and physical activity during high‐fat feeding on glucose and exercise tolerance?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Our main finding is that muscle‐specific PGC‐1α overexpression provides no protection against lipid‐overload pathologies nor does it enhance exercise adaptations. Instead, physical activity, regardless of PGC‐1α content, protects against high‐fat diet‐induced detriments. Activation of muscle autophagy was correlated with exercise protection, suggesting that autophagy might be a mediating factor for exercise‐induced protection from lipid overload.

The prevalence of glucose intolerance is alarmingly high. Efforts to promote mitochondrial biogenesis through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) to mitigate glucose intolerance have been controversial. However, physical activity remains a primary means to alleviate the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of muscle‐specific overexpression of PGC‐1α and physical activity on glucose handling during diet‐induced obesity. Wild‐type (WT, ∼20) and PGC‐1α muscle transgenic (MCK‐PGC‐1α, ∼20) mice were given a Western diet (WD) at 8 weeks age and allowed to consume food ab libitum throughout the study. At 12 weeks of age, all animals were divided into sedentary (SED) or voluntary wheel running (VWR) interventions. At 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age, animals underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and graded exercise tests (GXT). At 16 weeks of age, tissues were collected. At 11 weeks, the MCK‐PGC‐1α animals had 50% greater glucose tolerance integrated area under the curve compared with WT. However, at 15 weeks, SED animals also had greater GTT integrated area under the curve compared with VWR, regardless of genotype; furthermore, SED animals demonstrated reduced exercise capacity compared with earlier time points, which was not seen in VWR animals. Voluntary distance run per day was correlated with GTT in VWR‐WT, but not VWR‐MCK‐PGC‐1α mice. Voluntary wheel running and genotype independently resulted in a greater LC3II/LC3I ratio, suggesting enhanced autophagosome formation, which was correlated with exercise‐induced improvements in GTT. In conclusion, artificially increasing mitochondrial content does not protect from lipid‐induced pathologies nor does it augment exercise adaptations. Physical activity ameliorates the effects of lipid overload‐induced glucose intolerance, an effect that appears to be related to enhanced activation of autophagy.
Intraglomerular gap junctions enhance interglomerular synchrony in a sparsely connected olfactory bulb network
Authors: Pouille Frederic , McTavish Thomas S. , Hunter Lawrence E. , Restrepo Diego , Schoppa Nathan E. 
Published: June 2017

Key points
Despite sparse connectivity, population‐level interactions between mitral cells (MCs) and granule cells (GCs) can generate synchronized oscillations in the rodent olfactory bulb.
Intraglomerular gap junctions between MCs at the same glomerulus can greatly enhance synchronized activity of MCs at different glomeruli.
The facilitating effect of intraglomerular gap junctions on interglomerular synchrony is through triggering of mutually synchronizing interactions between MCs and GCs.
Divergent connections between MCs and GCs make minimal direct contribution to synchronous activity.
AbstractA dominant feature of the olfactory bulb response to odour is fast synchronized oscillations at beta (15–40 Hz) or gamma (40–90 Hz) frequencies, thought to be involved in integration of olfactory signals. Mechanistically, the bulb presents an interesting case study for understanding how beta/gamma oscillations arise. Fast oscillatory synchrony in the activity of output mitral cells (MCs) appears to result from interactions with GABAergic granule cells (GCs), yet the incidence of MC–GC connections is very low, around 4%. Here, we combined computational and experimental approaches to examine how oscillatory synchrony can nevertheless arise, focusing mainly on activity between ‘non‐sister’ MCs affiliated with different glomeruli (interglomerular synchrony). In a sparsely connected model of MCs and GCs, we found first that interglomerular synchrony was generally quite low, but could be increased by a factor of 4 by physiological levels of gap junctional coupling between sister MCs at the same glomerulus. This effect was due to enhanced mutually synchronizing interactions between MC and GC populations. The potent role of gap junctions was confirmed in patch‐clamp recordings in bulb slices from wild‐type and connexin 36‐knockout (KO) mice. KO reduced both beta and gamma local field potential oscillations as well as synchrony of inhibitory signals in pairs of non‐sister MCs. These effects were independent of potential KO actions on network excitation. Divergent synaptic connections did not contribute directly to the vast majority of synchronized signals. Thus, in a sparsely connected network, gap junctions between a small subset of cells can, through population effects, greatly amplify oscillatory synchrony amongst unconnected cells.
Pronounced limb and fibre type differences in subcellular lipid droplet content and distribution in elite skiers before and after exhaustive exercise
Authors: Koh Han‐Chow E. , Nielsen Joachim , Saltin Bengt , Holmberg Hans‐Christer , Ørtenblad Niels 
Published: June 2017

Key points
Although lipid droplets in skeletal muscle are an important energy source during endurance exercise, our understanding of lipid metabolism in this context remains incomplete.
Using transmission electron microscopy, two distinct subcellular pools of lipid droplets can be observed in skeletal muscle – one beneath the sarcolemma and the other between myofibrils.
At rest, well‐trained leg muscles of cross‐country skiers contain 4‐ to 6‐fold more lipid droplets than equally well‐trained arm muscles, with a 3‐fold higher content in type 1 than in type 2 fibres.
During exhaustive exercise, lipid droplets between the myofibrils but not those beneath the sarcolemma are utilised by both type 1 and 2 fibres.
These findings provide insight into compartmentalisation of lipid metabolism within skeletal muscle fibres.
AbstractAlthough the intramyocellular lipid pool is an important energy store during prolonged exercise, our knowledge concerning its metabolism is still incomplete. Here, quantitative electron microscopy was used to examine subcellular distribution of lipid droplets in type 1 and 2 fibres of the arm and leg muscles before and after 1 h of exhaustive exercise. Intermyofibrillar lipid droplets accounted for 85–97% of the total volume fraction, while the subsarcolemmal pool made up 3–15%. Before exercise, the volume fractions of intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal lipid droplets were 4‐ to 6‐fold higher in leg than in arm muscles (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the volume fraction of intermyofibrillar lipid droplets was 3‐fold higher in type 1 than in type 2 fibres (P < 0.001), with no fibre type difference in the subsarcolemmal pool. Following exercise, intermyofibrillar lipid droplet volume fraction was 53% lower (P = 0.0082) in both fibre types in arm, but not leg muscles. This reduction was positively associated with the corresponding volume fraction prior to exercise (R2 = 0.84, P < 0.0001). No exercise‐induced change in the subsarcolemmal pool could be detected. These findings indicate clear differences in the subcellular distribution of lipid droplets in the type 1 and 2 fibres of well‐trained arm and leg muscles, as well as preferential utilisation of the intermyofibrillar pool during prolonged exhaustive exercise. Apparently, the metabolism of lipid droplets within a muscle fibre is compartmentalised.