bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National school food standards in England: a cross-sectional study to explore compliance in secondary schools and impact on pupil nutritional intake
Authors: Pallan Miranda , Murphy Marie , Morrison Breanna , Sitch Alice , Adamson Ashley , Bartington Suzanne , Dobell Alexandra , Duff Rhona , Frew Emma , Griffin Tania , Hurley Kiya , Lancashire Emma , McLeman Louise , Passmore Sandra , Pokhilenko Irina , Rowland Maisie , Ravaghi Vahid , Spence Suzanne , Adab Peymane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Many countries have introduced school food standards to improve the dietary intakes of school-aged children. England has school food standards (SFS) legislation in place but little is known about how well secondary schools comply with this. We aimed to assess compliance with the SFS legislation in English secondary schools and explore the impact of the SFS on pupils’ nutritional intake.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with English secondary schools from 2019 to 2022. We compared SFS compliance and pupil nutritional intake in schools mandated or not mandated to comply with the SFS legislation, and explored the association between school compliance and pupil nutritional intake. We assessed the percentage of SFS (%SFS) complied with by reviewing school food menus and observing food served in school canteens. We assessed pupil nutritional intake using a 24-hour dietary recall measure (Intake24) and estimated intakes of free sugar (primary outcome) and other nutrients/foods. We used adjusted multilevel models to compare pupil intakes in the SFS-mandated and SFS-non-mandated schools, and to explore the association between school SFS compliance and pupil intakes.

Results
36 schools (23 not mandated and 13 mandated to comply with the SFS) and 2,273 pupils participated. The median %SFS complied with was 63.9% (interquartile range 60.0–70.0%). This was similar for SFS-non-mandated (64.5%) and SFS-mandated schools (63.3%). Compliance was highest for standards applying to lunchtime (median = 81.3%) and lowest for those applying across the whole school day (median = 41.7%). It was also lower for standards restricting high fat, sugar and energy-dense items (median = 26.1%) than for standards aiming to increase dietary variety (median = 92.3%). Pupils from SFS-mandated schools had a lower mean lunchtime intake of free sugar (g) (adjusted mean difference: -2.78g; 95% CI: -4.66g to -0.90g). There were few significant associations between %SFS complied with and pupil nutritional intake.

Conclusions
English secondary schools do not fully comply with SFS legislation regardless of whether they are mandated to comply. Schools and caterers may require monitoring and support to fully comply. There is little evidence that SFS compliance is associated with better pupil nutritional intake. Food environments outside of school also need to be considered.

Study registration
ISRCTN68757496 (17-10-2019).
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of depression: a bibliometrics and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Nie Xi , Zhang Feng , Wei Yuhan , Zeng Weiting , Zhang Yuchuan , Lin Haixiong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to reveal the current knowledge map, research hotspots of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on depression, as well as identify the brain regions associated with depression.

Methods
CiteSpace was conducted to analyze the publication outputs, country, institution, cited journals, author and cited author, references, keyword cocurrence and burst keywords of fMRI studies in depression from 2010 to 2024. And a meta-analysis of fMRI was used to identify brain regions associated with depression using Neurosynth.

Results
A total of 4,049 publications were included, and Gong Qiyong was the most prolific authors. Neuroimage, Biological Psychiatry, and Human Brain Mapping were prominent journals. Default mode network (DMN), prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex were the popular keywords. The fMRI studies on depression have mainly focused on major depression, especially the DMN. Functional connectivity and regional homogeneity of brain regions were research hotspots. The meta-analysis revealed significant differences in brain regions between patients with depression and healthy controls, including the Amygdala_L, Insula_R, Frontal_Inf_Oper_R, Cingulum_Post_L, Putamen_L, Thalamus_R, Angular_L, Precuneus_R, Frontal_Sup_R, Occipital_Inf_L.

Conclusions
This study sheds light on key issues and future directions in fMRI research on depression, elucidating the brain regions related to depression.

Graphical Abstract
Gut-first Parkinson’s disease is encoded by gut dysbiome
Authors: Munoz-Pinto Mário F. , Candeias Emanuel , Melo-Marques Inês , Esteves A. Raquel , Maranha Ana , Magalhães João D. , Carneiro Diogo Reis , Sant’Anna Mariana , Pereira-Santos A. Raquel , Abreu António E , Nunes-Costa Daniela , Alarico Susana , Tiago Igor , Morgadinho Ana , Lemos João , Figueiredo Pedro N. , Januário Cristina , Empadinhas Nuno , Cardoso Sandra Morais 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
In Parkinson's patients, intestinal dysbiosis can occur years before clinical diagnosis, implicating the gut and its microbiota in the disease. Recent evidence suggests the gut microbiota may trigger body-first Parkinson Disease (PD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate how a dysbiotic microbiome through intestinal immune alterations triggers PD-related neurodegeneration.

Methods
To determine the impact of gut dysbiosis on the development and progression of PD pathology, wild-type male C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with fecal material from PD patients and age-matched healthy donors to challenge the gut-immune-brain axis.

Results
This study demonstrates that patient-derived intestinal microbiota caused midbrain tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH +) cell loss and motor dysfunction. Ileum-associated microbiota remodeling correlates with a decrease in Th17 homeostatic cells. This event led to an increase in gut inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption. In this regard, we found a decrease in CD4 + cells and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood of PD transplanted mice that could contribute to an increase in the permeabilization of the blood–brain-barrier, observed by an increase in mesencephalic Ig-G-positive microvascular leaks and by an increase of mesencephalic IL-17 levels, compatible with systemic inflammation. Furthermore, alpha-synuclein aggregates can spread caudo-rostrally, causing fragmentation of neuronal mitochondria. This mitochondrial damage subsequently activates innate immune responses in neurons and triggers microglial activation.

Conclusions
We propose that the dysbiotic gut microbiome (dysbiome) in PD can disrupt a healthy microbiome and Th17 homeostatic immunity in the ileum mucosa, leading to a cascade effect that propagates to the brain, ultimately contributing to PD pathophysiology. Our landmark study has successfully identified new peripheral biomarkers that could be used to develop highly effective strategies to prevent the progression of PD into the brain.

Graphical Abstract
A Police Response Effort Index to complement counts and harm indices in understanding crime and policing demand
Authors: Curtis-Ham Sophie , Jones Ryan , Dunstan Emily , Looc Renee , Jordan Cathrin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResponding to crime and non-crime policing demand in the increasingly complex policing environment calls for increasingly nuanced means of measuring demand. Complementing traditional crime counts, the recent development of crime harm indices provides one such means, whereby crimes are weighted by estimates of their harm or severity. Analysis using crime harm indices has shown that high harm victims, offenders, locations and times differ from the people and places that unweighted crime counts would highlight as a priority for police resource. However, crime harm indices apply only to crime, so they cannot be used to analyse both crime and non-crime demand, and harm is but one way of differentiating demand types. We therefore present an additional, complementary tool: the Police Response Effort Index (PREI). The PREI provides values for weighting crime and non-crime demand types by the amount of effort (time) typically involved during police’s initial response. It enables police to make decisions and target interventions with a more nuanced understanding of when, where and on whom police effort concentrates. This paper describes the development of the New Zealand PREI, providing a potential template for other jurisdictions.
Surface microlayer-mediated virome dissemination in the Central Arctic
Authors: Rahlff Janina , Westmeijer George , Weissenbach Julia , Antson Alfred , Holmfeldt Karin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Aquatic viruses act as key players in shaping microbial communities. In polar environments, they face significant challenges such as limited host availability and harsh conditions. However, due to the restricted accessibility of these ecosystems, our understanding of viral diversity, abundance, adaptations, and host interactions remains limited.

Results
To fill this knowledge gap, we studied viruses from atmosphere-close aquatic ecosystems in the Central Arctic and Northern Greenland. Aquatic samples for virus-host analysis were collected from ~60 cm depth and the submillimeter surface microlayer (SML) during the Synoptic Arctic Survey 2021 on icebreaker Oden in the Arctic summer. Water was sampled from a melt pond and open water before undergoing size-fractioned filtration, followed by genome-resolved metagenomic and cultivation investigations. The prokaryotic diversity in the melt pond was considerably lower compared to that of open water. The melt pond was dominated by a Flavobacterium sp. and Aquiluna sp., the latter having a relatively small genome size of 1.2 Mb and the metabolic potential to generate ATP using the phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway. Viral diversity on the host fraction (0.2–5 µm) of the melt pond was strikingly limited compared to that of open water. From the 1154 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), of which two-thirds were predicted bacteriophages, 17.2% encoded for auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) with metabolic functions. Some AMGs like glycerol-3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase and ice-binding like proteins might serve to provide cryoprotection for the host. Prophages were often associated with SML genomes, and two active prophages of new viral genera from the Arctic SML strain Leeuwenhoekiella aequorea Arc30 were induced. We found evidence that vOTU abundance in the SML compared to that of ~60 cm depth was more positively correlated with the distribution of a vOTU across five different Arctic stations.

Conclusions
The results indicate that viruses employ elaborate strategies to endure in extreme, host-limited environments. Moreover, our observations suggest that the immediate air-sea interface serves as a platform for viral distribution in the Central Arctic.
Highly sensitive multiplexed colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay by plasmon-controlled metal–silica isoform nanocomposites: PINs
Authors: Shin Minsup , Kim Wooyeon , Yoo Kwanghee , Cho Hye-Seong , Jang Sohyeon , Bae Han-Joo , An Jaehyun , Lee Jong-chan , Chang Hyejin , Kim Dong-Eun , Kim Jaehi , Lee Luke P. , Jun Bong-Hyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLateral flow assay (LFA) systems use metal nanoparticles for rapid and convenient target detection and are extensively studied for the diagnostics of various diseases. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are often used as probes in LFAs, displaying a single red color. However, there is a high demand for colorimetric LFAs to detect multiple biomarkers, requiring the use of multicolored NPs. Here, we present a highly sensitive multiplexed colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay by multicolored Plasmon-controlled metal–silica Isoform Nanocomposites (PINs). We utilized the localized surface plasmon resonance effect to create multi-colored PINs by precisely adjusting the distance between the NPs on the surface of PINs through the controlled addition of reduced gold and silver precursors. Through simulations, we also confirmed that the distance between nanoparticles on the surface of PINs significantly affects the color and colorimetric signal intensity of the PINs. We achieved multicolored PINs that exhibit stronger colorimetric signals, offering a new solution for LFA detection with high sensitivity and a 33 times reduced limit of detection (LOD) while maintaining consistent size deviations within 5%. We expect that our PINs-based colorimetric LFA will facilitate the sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in point-of-care testing.
Graphical Abstract
Understanding leadership challenges faced by humanitarian aid workers: insights from the experiences of NNPHL training participants
Authors: Nyarko Godfred , Marnicio Ariana , Bollettino Vincenzo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the self-reported leadership challenges experienced by humanitarian aid workers who participated in the National NGO Program on Humanitarian Leadership (NNPHL) Program. Data were drawn from NNPHL program participants describing leadership challenges they faced in their humanitarian work. Responses were analyzed qualitatively revealing 10 broad themes of leadership challenges: (1) organizational capacity and resource constraints, (2) managerial decision-making styles, (3) bureaucracy and external influence, (4) purpose, motivation, and influence, (5) coordination and cooperation, (6) trust and cohesion within teams, (7) staff well-being and burnout, (8) identity and diversity, (9) self-efficacy and confidence, (10) security. These findings were then situated in the broader literature on challenges identified in humanitarian aid contexts. Humanitarian aid workers offer valuable first-hand insights into the leadership challenges they face in their work. Understanding leadership challenges from the perspective of aid workers provides valuable insight that can be used to inform decision-making and policy development within humanitarian organizations. The findings can also help inform and shape the development of humanitarian training programs by tailoring humanitarian education curricula to address the challenges encountered by aid workers themselves.
Multistage carcinogenesis in occupational cholangiocarcinoma: the impact of clonal expansion and risk estimation
Authors: Watanabe Masahiko , Haeno Hiroshi , Mimaki Sachiyo , Tsuchihara Katsuya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Both mutation induction and clonal expansion of mutated cells cause cancer. The probability of cancer development depends on mutations, clonal growth rates, and carcinogenic mechanisms. A recent study showed cases of occupational cholangiocarcinomas that originate multifocally, with higher mutation burden levels than those in common cholangiocarcinomas. This study aimed to identify the effect of clonal expansion on and estimate the risk of occupational and common intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) using a multistage model modified to include the effect of cell expansion at any carcinogenic stage.

Methods
The age-specific incidence of common ICC estimated from the Vital Statistics in Japan and the prognosis of ICC, and mutation frequencies of occupational and common ICC available from the previous report, were applied to a multistage model modified with cell proliferation effects. From the fittest model, the risk after exposure was estimated.

Results
The required number of stages for carcinogenesis was estimated to be three based on the incidences and mutation frequencies of occupational and common ICCs. Based on this estimation, the predicted incidence curve under the model was similar to that estimated from the ICC mortality rate, except for older adults. The model indicated a minor effect of clonal expansion on the observed occupational ICC risk. It predicted a rapid decrease in ICC risk after the cessation of occupational exposure, although the time of clinical detection of cancer after the exposure was affected by latency. The model predicted an increase in cancer risk in older adults caused by cell expansion and common background mutations. However, the risk in older adults was overestimated in the case of common ICC; this divergence could influence occupational ICC cases.

Conclusions
Three-stage ICC carcinogenesis has been proposed. The high mutation burden levels caused by occupational exposure led to an immediate incidence of cancer. After a long period of relatively low cancer risk, an increased risk in older adults was also predicted.
The visual construction of the people’s country and the Chinese nation: political aesthetics in the Ethno-documentaries of New China
Authors: Wu Tian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the political positioning of the people and the cultural image of the Chinese nation through the lens of the Social-historical Scientific Documentary Films of China’s ethnic minorities (hereafter referred to as “the Ethno-documentaries”) by restoring the problem to the site of the investigation of humanities and social sciences and the General Surveys on (Folk) Arts in the early years of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s. Through detailed analysis of specific Ethno-documentary films, this paper explores how the social sciences conducted its “Social and Historical Investigation of China’s Ethnic Minorities” via the medium of film to convey the advanced social concepts and ideological work of the new regime through the historical narrative of art and politics. This study highlights three key points. First, the “Chinese nation” as a modern political concept dates its origins back to the 1920s with the emergence of the “National Heritage Reorganization Movement” and the “Doubting Antiquity School.” However, it was only through the medium of the Ethno-documentaries that this concept was visually and aurally represented in films for the first time, which draws our attention to the fact that the entry point for understanding modern China lies in discerning the relationship between culture and politics. Second, when discussing the relationship between culture and politics, this study juxtaposes the Ethno-documentaries and “art for workers-peasants-soldiers,” which developed during the same period. These two forms of art focus respectively on national history and the suffering of the lower classes of society, and it is this intertextual nature of the historical narrative that jointly anchors the cultural and historical view of New China. Lastly, historical view is the core of the humanities, social sciences, and art disciplines in New China. Previous studies have mainly attributed certain phenomena to the “politicization” or “pan-politicization” of a particular historical period due to disciplinary barriers and cultural trauma and have stopped discussing such topics in depth. In contrast, the significance of the political aesthetics in the Ethno-documentaries is to have transformed classical Chinese artistic language into a modern one to represent the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It also raises a question of re-sinicization of many modern political issues that have persisted until now: How do today’s Chinese art works vividly depict the prosperity of this country and its hardworking and courageous people?
A functional exercise program improves pain and health related quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fernandes Giovana , Nery Michele , Meireles Sandra Mara , Santos Rebeka , Natour Jamil , Jennings Fabio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background/objective
Fibromyalgia is a non-inflammatory syndrome characterized by generalized muscle pain, with other symptoms. Numerous forms of physical training for this population have been studied through high-quality randomized clinical trials involving strength, flexibility, aerobic conditioning and multicomponent exercise interventions. This research evaluated the effectiveness of a functional exercise program at reducing pain, improving functional capacity, increasing muscle strength as well as improving flexibility, balance and quality of life in individuals with fibromyalgia.

Methods
Eighty-two women with fibromyalgia were randomized into two groups. The functional exercise group performed functional exercises in 45-minute sessions twice per week for 14 weeks. The stretching exercise group performed flexibility exercises with the same duration and frequency. Outcome measures were: visual analog scale for widespread pain; Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire for health-related quality of life; Timed Up and Go test for functional performance; one-repetition maximum for muscle strength, Sit and Reach test on Wells bench for flexibility; Berg Balance Scale for balance; SF-36 for general quality of life.

Results
After the intervention, the functional exercise group had a statistically significant reduction in pain (interaction p = 0.002), and improvement in health-related quality of life measured by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (interaction p < 0.001) and in general health state domain of SF-36 (interaction p = 0.043) compared to the stretching exercise group. No significant differences between groups were found regarding improvements in functional capacity, muscle strength, flexibility or balance.

Conclusion
Functional exercise training was effective at reducing pain and improving quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia compared to stretching exercises.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03682588 First prospectively registered in March 2018.
AgriScan: Next.js powered cross-platform solution for automated plant disease diagnosis and crop health management
Authors: Seyam Touhidul Alam , Pathak Abhijit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlant diseases present a formidable challenge to the agricultural sector worldwide, leading to significant losses, with the US experiencing annual losses amounting to one-third of crop production. Diagnosis of crop diseases through optical observation of leaf symptoms is particularly daunting for farmers with limited resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for enhanced detection, monitoring, and prediction methods to mitigate agricultural losses effectively. Harnessing the power of computer vision and deep learning, this paper introduces a cross-platform system designed to automate plant leaf disease diagnosis. The system employs convolutional neural networks to classify 46 disease categories, trained on a dataset comprising 96,206 images of healthy and infected plant leaves. The user interface, accessible across multiple platforms including Android, iOS, Windows, and Linux, allows farmers to capture photos of infected leaves and receive real-time disease classification along with confidence percentages. By empowering farmers to maintain crop health and prevent the application of incorrect fertilizers, the system aims to optimize crop productivity. Performance evaluation includes metrics such as classification accuracy and processing time, with the model achieving an impressive overall accuracy of 93.45% across 46 common disease classes spanning 16 crop species.