Vegetation indices of grain crops and diversity of rhizospheric microflora in conditions of biological agriculture of Western Siberia
Authors: Yusova Oksana Alexandrovna , Shuliko Natalia Nikolaevna , Kiselyova Alina Andreevna , Korchagina Irina Anatolyevna , Tukmacheva Elena Vasilyevna , Nikolaev Peter Nikolaevich , Timokhin Artem Yuryevich , Didmanidze Otari Nazirovich 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

One of the factors of increased yield is the realization of the potential of the variety, which is achieved by studying the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of resistance to adverse factors. Digital technologies, including spectrometry, play a crucial role in this. The weak knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of zonal soils under the influence of bacterial fertilizers in the conditions of Western Siberia (Omsk region) determines the relevance of these studies. Comprehensive studies were conducted to study the effect of biological products on the vegetative indices of grain crops and the formation of productivity of varieties, as well as the taxonomic diversity of the fungal component of the microbiome of the rhizosphere in the conditions of the Omsk Irtysh region. The work was carried out in field experiments on spring barley variety Omsk 101 and spring oats variety Siberian Hercules. Pre-sowing bacterization of seeds was carried out with an inoculant of diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter mysorens 7 and an inoculant of fungicidal-stimulating bacteria of the genus Flavobacterium sp. L-30. Sampling of the rhizosphere and 10 flag leaves was carried out in the phases of tillering (June), earing (July), grain filling (August). Studies of plants using biologics have shown that in the earing phase against the background of Mizorin, the interaction of soil and plants (SPAD), as well as the content of chlorophyll, increased in plants of the spring barley variety Omsk 101, which had a positive effect on the formation of increased yields (+ 0.69 t/ha to control). In the next phase, grain filling, plants of the Omsk 101 variety, against the background of Flavobacterin, sharply increased the amount of flavonoids (FRI) – by 30 times relative to the control, as well as the total amount of chlorophyll (CPHLT) – by 30.3%, which served as a factor in yield growth (+ 0.42 t/ha to the control). The unsystematic development of oat plants against the background of various biological preparations did not allow the formation of increased yields of the Siberian Hercules variety. The following vegetation indices can indicate an increased yield of grain crops: SIPI (r = 0.369), SRPI and SPAD (r = 0.511), NPQI (r = 0.392), GM1 (r = 0.346), GM2 (r = 0.424), CRI1 (r = 0.513), ARI1(r = 0.446). The results of metagenomic analysis of the oat rhizosphere confirm the effect of inoculation on the soil mycobiota. Mycological and ecological studies of plant-microbial associations have demonstrated that under the action of bacterial fertilizers among the families of the eukaryotic community, the dominant cultures in the root layer were Nectriaceae, Cladosporiaceae, Mortierellaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Lasiosphaeriaceae. The biological product Flavobacterin showed active fungicidal properties relative to pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic representatives of the families Cladosporiaceae, Nectriaceae, Rhizopodaceae, and a decrease in their number relative to the control variant was noted.