bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Erosion of Surfaces in Falling Particle Concentrating Solar Power
Authors: Kant K. , Kondaiah P. , Pitchumani R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Next generation concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, which utilize solid particles for energy capture, transport, and storage, offer prospects for higher temperature operation, improved efficiency, and reduced overall costs. Nevertheless, the continuous impingement of particles on component materials can result in substantial erosion, significantly constraining the performance and longevity of the components. A comprehensive understanding of particle erosion on surfaces is essential for designing components and operational parameters or coatings that minimize wear. This study presents a computational physics-based particle tracking model of the erosion rate of incident surfaces under different geometric, operational, and particle parameters. The computational model is validated with experimental measurements conducted as part of the study. Computational simulations are presented to elucidate the effects of each parameter and further used to investigate erosion rates in a systematic design of experiments covering a wide range of parameters. Based on the simulation results, a generalized analytical model is developed to relate erosion wear to pertinent dimensionless groups governing the physics of the process. The analytical model is shown to be accurate to within 10% and its use in understanding surface erosion as well as designing wear-resistant coatings to limit erosion within acceptable values is presented.
Enhancing the Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Cells Using a Hybrid Cooling Technique of Thermoelectric Generator and Heat Sink
Authors: Hachim Dhafer Manea , Al-Manea Ahmed , Al-Rbaihat Raed , Abed Qahtan A. , Sadiq Mohammed , Homod Raad Z. , Alahmer Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to enhance the performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells by employing a hybrid cooling technique involving a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and heat sink. Three configuration modules are investigated both experimentally and numerically: module 01: PV only (PV), module 02: PV with TEG (PV-TEG), and module 03: PV with TEG and heat sink (PV-TEG-HS). These modules have been examined numerically under various weather conditions, including solar radiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature. The experimental and numerical results indicate that as solar radiation increases from 500 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2, the temperature of the PV back sheet and PV solar cell also increases. Specifically, for module PV, module PV-TEG, and module PV-TEG-HS, the temperature increases by 57.3%, 56.1%, and 32% respectively. Additionally, the percentage output power (Pout) of the PV increases with rising solar radiation for the three modules, reaching 60.5%, 62.0%, and 87.39% respectively. Moreover, the percentage Pout of the TEG also increases with the increasing solar radiation for the three modules, with percentages of 0%, 299.25%, and 311.96% respectively. Furthermore, increasing wind speed leads to a decrease in the temperatures of the back sheet and solar cell, while simultaneously increasing the Pout of the PV for all three modules. However, the Pout of the TEG in module PV-TEG-HS decreases. The impact of increasing ambient temperatures on module PV-TEG-HS is relatively small compared to the other modules.
Provenance of the Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in the north Yangtze Block, South China, and implications for reconstructions of the Nuna and Rodinia supercontinents
Authors: Yang Jie , Hu Lisha , Cawood Peter A. , Du Yuansheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Magmatic activity in the range ca. 1.6–1.5 Ga is spatially restricted globally, and its distribution has been an important tool for constraining the reconstruction of the Nuna supercontinent. Abundant ca. 1.6 Ga detrital zircons have recently been discovered in the Luanshigou and Taizi formations of the middle Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in the north Yangtze Block, South China. Detrital zircon age spectra and multi-dimensional scaling results indicate the Shennongjia Group was derived from variable sources. The ca. 1.6 Ga detrital zircons in the middle Mesoproterozoic units were probably sourced from Laurentia and Australia-Mawson, whereas detrital zircons of other age groups were provided by the local rock units in the north Yangtze Block. Similarities in sedimentary sequences, detrital zircon age spectra, and corresponding Hf isotopic patterns of the Shennongjia Group with other Mesoproterozoic successions in Yangtze Block (e.g., Baoban-Shilu, Huili, and Kunyang groups) suggest that the block contained a number of micro-blocks during the Mesoproterozoic. Furthermore, the compiled new and published detrital zircon data from the north Yangtze Block along with those from other continents containing ca. 1.6 Ga zircons reveal that the Yangtze Block was most likely situated within a rift zone between southeast Australia-Mawson and southwest Laurentia. The ca. 1.6 Ga zircons in the Shennongjia Group were derived from these bounding source regions during the middle Mesoproterozoic. By the late Mesoproterozoic, based on a comprehensive provenance analyses and comparison of detrital zircon data, the Yangtze Block was probably located on the margins of the Rodinia supercontinent, close to north-central India, Australia, and East Antarctica.
Protracted mantle heat conduction after lithospheric foundering beneath the Malagasy orogen
Authors: Kaare-Rasmussen Jonas , Horton Forrest , Holder Robert , Kylander-Clark Andrew , Bouvier Anne-Sophie , Müntener Othmar , Rakotondrazafy Michel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism (UHTM) is important for the evolution and long-term stability of continental crust. The Anosyen domain in southeastern Madagascar is a well-preserved UHTM terrane that formed during the amalgamation of Gondwana. The heat source(s) required to reach peak conditions is(are) a matter of debate. One potential cause of extreme crustal heating is the intrusion of mantle-derived melts into the crust. Foundering of the mantle lithosphere can also lead to increased heat flow. To assess the role of these heating mechanisms, we measured zircon δ18O, εHf(t) compositions, and U-Pb dates for plutonic rocks in the midcrustal UHTM domain. Our results indicate that pluton emplacement predated UHTM by as much as 40 m.y. and that all zircons have crustal O and Hf isotopic compositions. We propose that mantle lithosphere foundering caused melting in the lower crust, producing the magmas responsible for plutonism during the early stages of orogenesis. Prolonged conductive heating of the crust—combined with above-average radiogenic heating—may explain why UHTM occurred ∼40 m.y. after foundering. This suggests that foundering of the mantle lithosphere can swiftly lead to partial melting in the lower crust, as well as protracted heating of the middle crust that culminates tens of millions of years later.
A “natural sand plant” at the shelf edge in the low-energy Gulf of Lions, western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Berné Serge , Agin Grégory , Alonso Yoann , Bassetti Maria-Angela , Bourrin François , Hébert Bertil , Estournel Claude , Many Gaël , Olariu Cornel , Petrenko Anne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Thick sand deposits at the edge of continental shelves, sometimes covered with large bedforms, are generally considered as relict features inherited from periods of low sea level, but alternative interpretations are possible, even in zones where modern oceanic processes are moderate. Detailed investigations in the western Gulf of Lions (western Mediterranean Sea) reveal the presence of remains of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4) and MIS 2 shelf-edge deltas at the head of canyons. The sands were then “cannibalized” by strong rising sea-level currents, forming a 20-km-long, strike-oriented sand body covered by dunes. Presently, the migration of dunes is maintained by strong storm-driven currents. The seasonal reversal of circulation is at the origin of inversion of dune morphology, thus the sand body mimics a tidal sand bank with clockwise circulation of bedforms. In the long term, dunes migrate southward with a negative angle of climb, eroding into the underlying shelf-edge deltas. Acoustic Doppler current profiles and numerical simulations indicate that the sediment is sorted, once in suspension, and is flushed to the deep sea while sand bedload contributes to bedform migration. This relative enrichment of sand without external supply is referred to as a “natural sand plant,” by analogy with industrial sand plants where sand is washed and sieved. It forms a discontinuous sand belt, 5–20 m thick, more than 110 km along-strike, connecting multiple shelf-edge deltas. The geological importance of recognizing this recycling mechanism is indicated by the preservation of similarly large buried dunes formed during the deglaciation leading to interglacial MIS 7 at ca. 240 ka (Termination III).
Orogen-scale inverted metamorphism during Cretaceous–Paleogene terminal suturing along the North American Cordillera, Alaska, USA
Authors: Regan Sean P. , Holland Mark E. , Waldien Trevor S. , Miller McKenzie , Taylor Peter , Kylander-Clark Andrew , Marble Sean , Hofmann Florian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The northern North American Cordilleran margin has been active for &gt;200 million years, as recorded by punctuated phases of crustal growth and deformation. Accretion of the exotic Wrangellia Composite Terrane (Insular Belt) is considered the largest addition of juvenile crust to the Cordilleran margin, though margin-parallel translation during the Cenozoic has obscured much of the accretionary history. Three zones of inverted metamorphism spatially correspond to the Insular–North American suture zone from north to south: (1) Clearwater Mountains; (2) Kluane Lake; and (3) Coast Mountains, each preserving kinematics indicative of thrusting of North American–derived rocks over Insular-derived assemblages. We performed in situ monazite petrochronology on samples collected across strike in both the Clearwater and Coast Mountain regions. New and recently published data from these three metamorphic belts indicate that thrust-sense deformation accompanied the formation of inverted metamorphic isograds from 72 to 56 Ma. We leverage recent estimates of Denali fault offset to reconstruct a &gt;1000-km-long zone of inverted metamorphism and interpret it as the Insular–North America terminal suture.
Residual feed intake measured as replacement heifers is indicative of residual feed intake measured as mature cows
Authors: Olson C.A. , Li C. , Block H. , McKeown L. , Valente T. , Fitzsimmons C. , Plastow G. , Basarab J.A. 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to quantify the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) measured in 500 heifers and subsequently as mid-gestation cows at the Roy Berg Kinsella Research Station (KIN; n = 227) and Lacombe Research and Development Centre (LRDC; n = 273). Heifers were initially tested for RFI adjusted for end of test rib fat (RFIfat) at 8–12 months of age and then again as 3-year-old first-calf heifers at KIN and as 4–13-year-old cows at LRDC. Heifer RFIfat measured in drylot on a forage diet was associated ( R2 > 0.53; P < 0.001) with RFIfat measured again as older cows. Each 1 kg DM day−1 change in heifer RFIfat equaled 0.48 ± 0.10 and 0.75 ± 0.19 kg DM day−1 change in cow RFIfat for KIN and LRDC, respectively. Linear effects were also reported for RFIfat component traits, where DMI ( P < 0.001), ADG ( P < 0.060), mid-test metabolic weight ( P < 0.001), and end of test rib fat ( P < 0.001) measured as heifers were related when measured again as older cows. In addition, the linear effects of heifer RFIfat on cow RFIfat were constant across cow age groups from 4–10 years of age. These results show that selection for RFI in heifers will result in cows that are also more feed efficient.
New method to model the wind speed distribution: method of decile
Authors: Ur Rehman Shafiq , Razzak Atteeq , Insaf Ambreen , Rajput Ahmed Ali , Khan Tahreem , Rashid Tehreem 
Published: October 2024

Energy is a primary need for individuals and societies; the new era has revolutionized everything, from cell phones to daily used equipment in houses; all need electrical energy. Advanced countries have already managed energy demand according to their need. Renewable energy is better than conventional energy sources such as gas, coal, and nuclear fuel. Researchers have continuously worked on renewable energy to make it as helpful as possible. Mathematical modeling and new methods of harnessing energy are the leading fields researchers are working in. Wind energy is ubiquitous; however, it depends on a cut-off speed. In numerous places worldwide, the wind speed surpasses the cut-off speed. Such locations are good candidates for generating electricity from wind energy. Proper modeling of wind energy enables one to know available wind potential. An effort has been made to model wind speed; a new method known as the method of decile has been developed. The method works using the first and last decile of the wind distribution. The Weibull parameters, average wind speed, and errors have been calculated and compared to five other methods. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to see the suitability of the new method. The AIC values for the new method were calculated for 12 months of wind speed data in 2016; the minimum values occurred for the novel method. It shows that the new method is the best among the other five methods. The annual output energy is estimated using E-5 (by Ryse Energy company) horizontal axis wind turbine and evaluated as 6900 kWh at Hyderabad, the highest among the three sites.
Regge trajectories for the triply heavy bottom-charm baryons in the diquark picture
Authors: Xie Jia-Qi , Song He , Chen Jiao-Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present the explicit form of the Regge trajectory relations for the triply heavy bottom-charm baryons, which can be applied to investigate both the $$\lambda $$
λ
-mode excited states and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-mode excited states. We estimate the masses of the $$\lambda $$
λ
-excited states and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-excited states. The results are in agreement with other theoretical predictions. Both the $$\lambda $$
λ
-trajectories and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-trajectories are discussed. Moreover, the behaviors of the $$\lambda $$
λ
- and $$\rho $$
ρ
-trajectories for various baryons are discussed. It is shown that both the $$\lambda $$
λ
-trajectories and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-trajectories for baryons are concave downwards in the $$(M^2,\,x)$$

(

M
2

,

x
)

plane. The Regge trajectories for the light baryons are approximately linear and become concave as the masses of the light constituents are considered.
Optimized Bayesian Matching Pursuit for Joint Channel Estimation and Impulse Noise Mitigation
Authors: Sarada Devi N. P. , Ravi Chandra M. L. 
Published: October 2024

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is adopted in most wireless communication systems, and the performance of OFDM is affected by impulse noise (IN). Better channel estimation (CE) performance is required to detect the channel information on the receiving side. The OFDM system is considered with the number of subcarriers carrying the data and pilot symbols. In the OFDM modulator, the symbols of the frequency domain are transformed into the signals of the time domain using inverse discrete Fourier transformation (IDFT). Effective impulsive noise mitigation is crucial for improving the effectiveness of OFDM communication systems, and it improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. A cyclic prefix is then appended before transmission through the channel. In the receiver noise, the effect of IN is mitigated jointly with CE using the Bayesian matching pursuit (BMP) and Moth-flame algorithm (MFA). In this approach, the IN and channel information is considered as a sparse vector. Here, the data symbols used are considered an unknown parameter. The approach incorporating all subcarriers has a lower mean square error (MSE) of IN estimate for impulsive noise reduction. The MFA algorithm is used to optimize the sensor matrix in BMP. The sparsity of the channel and the impulse response are observed in the time domain to represent the channel and IN together. It exactly recovers the sparse signal for finding the convex objectives of the sparse minimizer, and the sparse solution is obtained with fixed point updates. The proposed BMP algorithm improves the CE by explicitly considering the existence of IN. The BMP is a greedy algorithm that selects the most correlated residuals at each column. Under mutual incoherence, it recovers the signal with a higher probability. The simulated outcomes proved that the proposed CE and noise mitigation model achieved better performance based on the bit error rate (BER), throughput and MSE.
Distinct Phenotypic Groups and Related Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kwak Soongu , Kim Jihoon , Park Chan‐Soon , Lee Hyun‐Jung , Park Jun‐Bean , Lee Seung‐Pyo , Kim Yong‐Jin , Kim Hyung‐Kwan , Lee Sang‐Chol 
Published: October 2024

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous disorder with varying risks of clinical outcomes, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). We aimed to identify distinct phenotypes among patients with HCM in relation to SCD risk factors, interpret their clinical characteristics, and examine their outcomes.

Methods and Results

This retrospective study analyzed 1231 consecutive patients with HCM from 2 tertiary hospitals. We performed latent class analysis to categorize patients into phenotypic groups. Three distinct phenotypic groups were identified using latent class analysis. Group 1 (n=554) consisted of young patients with HCM with minimal SCD risk factors and favorable cardiac remodeling. Group 2 (n=114) comprised young patients with HCM and a high prevalence of SCD risk factors, whereas Group 3 (n=563) included older patients (median age, 68 years). Over a median 6.5‐year follow‐up, 34 SCD‐related events, 131 cardiovascular events, 133 all‐cause mortality events, and 70 noncardiovascular mortality events were observed. Group 2 exhibited the highest rate of SCD‐related events (5‐year SCD rate: Group 1 versus 2 versus 3: 0.8% versus 8.2% versus 4.0%, respectively,
P
<0.001), and cardiovascular events were more frequent in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1. All‐cause and noncardiovascular mortality were the most frequent in Group 3. A simplified decision tree was developed for the straightforward assignment of phenotypic group membership, demonstrating fair concordance.

Conclusions
This study identified 3 distinct clinical phenotypes in patients with HCM, each associated with different SCD risks and outcomes. Data‐driven phenotyping of patients with HCM offers effective risk stratification and may optimize patient management.
External Validation and Comparison of Statistical and Machine Learning–Based Models in Predicting Outcomes Following Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wang Chih‐Hung , Tay Joyce , Wu Cheng‐Yi , Wu Meng‐Che , Su Pei‐I , Fang Yao‐De , Huang Chun‐Yen , Cheng Ming‐Tai , Lu Tsung‐Chien , Tsai Chu‐Lin , Huang Chien‐Hua , Chen Wen‐Jone 
Published: October 2024

Background
The aim of this study was to validate and compare the performance of statistical (Utstein‐Based Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Shockable Rhythm–Witness–Age–pH) and machine learning–based (Prehospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Swedish Cardiac Arrest Risk Score) models in predicting the outcomes following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the models' performance.

Methods and Results

This retrospective analysis included adult patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest treated at 3 academic hospitals between 2015 and 2023. The primary outcome was neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. Patients were divided into pre‐ (2015–2019) and post‐2020 (2020–2023) subgroups to examine the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest outcome prediction. The models' performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared by the DeLong test. The analysis included 2161 patients, 1241 (57.4%) of whom were resuscitated after 2020. The cohort had a median age of 69.2 years, and 1399 patients (64.7%) were men. Overall, 69 patients (3.2%) had neurologically intact survival. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting neurological outcomes were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.87) for the Utstein‐Based Return of Spontaneous Circulation score, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.81–0.84) for the Shockable Rhythm–Witness–Age–pH score, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.78–0.81) for the Prehospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation score, and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77–0.81) for the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Risk Score model. The Utstein‐Based Return of Spontaneous Circulation score significantly outperformed both the Prehospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation score (
P
<0.001) and the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Risk Score model (
P
=0.007). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant difference in predictive performance for patients resuscitated before versus after 2020.

Conclusions
In this external validation, both statistical and machine learning–based models demonstrated excellent and fair performance, respectively, in predicting neurological outcomes despite different model architectures. The predictive performance of all evaluated clinical scoring systems was not significantly influenced by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
On Recombination
Authors: Bull Larry 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The predominant explanations for including chromosomal recombination during meiosis are that it serves as a mechanism for repair or as a mechanism for increased adaptability. However, neither gives a clear immediate selective advantage to the reproducing organism itself. This letter revisits the idea that sex emerged and is maintained because it enables a simple form of fitness landscape smoothing to explain why recombination evolved. Although recombination was originally included in the idea, as with the other explanations, no immediate benefit was identified. That a benefit exists if the dividing cell(s) form a simple colony of the resulting haploids for some time after reproduction is explored here and shown to further increase the benefits of the landscape smoothing process.
How Bilingual Experience Shapes Accents in German-Italian Primary School Children
Authors: Kupisch Tanja , Canzi Massimiliano , Ferin Maria , Geiss Miriam , Reiber Marie , Speck Paulina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the accents of German-Italian school children (6–10 years old) in their two languages. We ask whether accents in the bilingual children’s two languages are related and how foreign accentedness is associated with proficiency in other areas of language (speech rate, vocabulary size) and extralinguistic factors (formal and informal exposure and AoO in the majority language). Data from 87 early bilingual German-Italian children is judged by adult raters in Italy and Germany. Bilinguals are perceived as being more accented than monolinguals, mostly in Italian, the HL of the bilingual children. Moreover, children with a more monolingual-like accent in Italian tend to sound foreign in German, and vice versa, but some children have no perceivable accent in any language. Accentedness is especially affected by amount of language use, which underlines the importance of exposure to the minority language at this age, regardless of the setting, formal or informal.