bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive methods characterise the world’s largest tiger shark aggregation in Fuvahmulah, Maldives
Authors: Vossgaetter Lennart , Dudeck Tim , Crouch Jamie , Cope Maiah , Ivanova Tatiana , Siyan Ibrahim , Niyaz Abdullah , Riyaz Mohamed , Araujo Gonzalo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTiger sharks are apex predators with a circumglobal tropical and warm-temperate distribution, with a general lack of population data for the central Indian Ocean. In Fuvahmulah, Maldives, tiger sharks display frequent use of the harbour area, attracted by discarded fish waste. Here, we document the population structure, residency, and reproductive characteristics of the world’s largest known tiger shark aggregation in a geographically-restricted area. Using non-invasive methods, photo identification and laser photogrammetry, we identified 239 individual tiger sharks over a 7-year study period. The aggregation was female-dominated (84.5%), with both large juveniles and adults present. Adult females were resighted over the entire study period displaying strong inter- and intra-annual site fidelity. Modelled residency using maximum likelihood methods suggests they spent 60.7 ± S.E. 7.5 days in Fuvahmulah, with a larger aggregation size, shorter residence periods and longer absence periods compared to juvenile females. Prolonged abdominal distensions of adult females indicate they likely stay near Fuvahmulah during gestation and reproduce biennially. Fuvahmulah seems to provide suitable conditions for gestation given the year-round provision of food and warm waters, exhibited by strong site fidelity and temporal residency. Our results show indications of a thriving population within the confines of protected waters.
In-plane structural and electronic anisotropy of nanoporous Pt films formed by oblique angle deposition
Authors: Kim Daeju , Kim Dong Yeong , Kwon Hyunah , Cho Jaehee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNanoporous Pt films fabricated by oblique angle deposition hold potential as electrocatalysts in various energy-related fields owing to their high surface area, structural stability, and adequate conductivity. In this study, we investigated the morphology, porosity, and electrical conductivity of nanoporous Pt thin films and systematically studied their interrelationships. Specifically, we revealed an in-plane anisotropy in the electrical conductivity that correlates with the surface morphology of the film. This anisotropy was evident in the resistance measurements along the in-plane lateral and vertical directions, which aligned well with our simple model. The results emphasize the significance of film morphology in determining the film’s electrical properties. This study contributes to the understanding of the physical properties of Pt films fabricated via oblique angle deposition and offers valuable insights for designing nanoporous films for various applications.
Impact on the nervous system of long COVID-19 infection in children
Authors: Granana Nora , Tarulla Adriana , Calandri Ismael , Carli Analia De , Rivas Belen , Festa Jose Maria , Vacirca Susana , Lis María , Worff Iris , Allegri Ricardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound global impact, raising concerns about its long-term effects, particularly neurological complications. While studies have highlighted such complications in adults, there is a paucity of research focusing on children.
Objective To examine the medium- to long-term neurological and cognitive symptoms in 18 year old children and below with positive versus negative COVID-19 antigens and to identify the probable risk factors to promote specific health actions.
Methods An observational study was carried out to determine neurological symptoms in the medium and long terms after COVID 19. A random sample of 124 children, both symptomatic or asymptomatic, tested positive or negative for COVID-19 through swab tests.
Results Neurological symptoms were assessed between 6 to 12 months and 2 years after the infection. Acute symptoms, including headache, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia, were observed in more than 20% of the children, but they generally resolved within 6 to 12 months. Persistent functional difficulties, such as in studying, paying attention, and socializing, were reported in 3% of the cases. Behavioral symptoms at baseline were noted in 7.8% of children, but they were remitted in most cases, except for those with prior involvement.
Conclusion These findings underscore the need for continued monitoring of children following COVID-19 infection and the importance of tailored health interventions.
Image plate multi-scan response to fusion protons in the range of 1–14 MeV
Authors: Vanderloo N. , Cufari M. , Russell L. , Johnson T. M. , Vargas J. , Foo B. C. , Buschmann B. I. , Dannhoff S. G. , DeVault A. , Evans T. E. , Kunimune J. H. , Lawrence Y. , Pearcy J. A. , Reichelt B. L. , Wink C. W. , Gatu Johnson M. , Petrasso R. D. , Frenje J. A. , Li C. K. 
Published: September 2024

Image plates (IPs) are a quickly recoverable and reusable radiation detector often used to measure proton and x-ray fluence in laser-driven experiments. Recently, IPs have been used in a proton radiography detector stack on the OMEGA laser, a diagnostic historically implemented with CR-39, or radiochromic film. The IPs used in this and other diagnostics detect charged particles, neutrons, and x-rays indiscriminately. IPs detect radiation using a photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL) material, often phosphor, in which electrons are excited to metastable states by ionizing radiation. Protons at MeV energies deposit energy deeper into the IP compared with x rays below ∼20 keV due to the Bragg peak present for protons. This property is exploited to discriminate between radiation types. Doses of mono-energetic protons between 1.7 and 14 MeV are applied to IPs using the MIT linear electrostatic ion accelerator. This paper presents the results from consecutive scans of IPs irradiated with different proton energies. The PSL ratios between subsequent scans are shown to depend on proton energy, with higher energy protons having lower PSL ratios for each scan. This finding is separate from the known energy dependence in the absolute sensitivity of IPs. The results can be compared to complimentary work on x rays, showing a difference between protons and x rays, forging a path to discriminate between proton and x-ray fluence in mixed radiation environments.
What does it take to stabilize a naphthalene anion?
Authors: Ďurana Jozef , Kocábková Barbora , Rakovský Jozef , Pysanenko Andrij , Kresin Vitaly , Fedor Juraj , Fárník Michal 
Published: September 2024

We investigate attachment of slow electrons (0–10 eV) to naphthalene (Np) clusters in a crossed beam experiment. Supersonic expansions under different conditions using different buffer gases generate the clusters: in He, Ne, and low pressure Ar, neat (Np)N clusters are formed, while we also observe mixed clusters of naphthalene with rare-gas atoms in co-expansion with Ar above 0.5 bar and with Kr. Negatively charged (Np)n− and Rgm(Np)n− (Rg = Ar, Kr) clusters are analyzed by mass spectrometry, and electron energy dependent ion yields are measured. We show that the smallest stable naphthalene complex with an excess electron, the dimer (Np)2− anion, cannot be formed in a binary collision of a free electron with (Np)2 dimer, nor with (Np)3 trimer. Evaporation of a weakly bound Ar atom(s) from a mixed ArM(Np)2 cluster following electron attachment leads to the dimer (Np)2− anion. Larger (Np)n−, n &gt; 3, transient cluster anions decay via evaporation of an Np unit on a timescale of tens of microseconds. The self-scavenging process opens around 6 eV, where a naphthalene unit is electronically excited by the incoming electron, which is slowed down and trapped. However, the transient negative ion is efficiently stabilized only in the mixed clusters, from which Ar atom(s) can be evaporated.
Realising the benefits of modern fish-protection screening in Australia
Authors: Rayner Thomas S. , Boys Craig A. , Conallin John , Blackwell Boyd , Moore Anthony , Pearson Marita , Price Rodney 
Published: September 2024

Context Modern fish-protection screens are being implemented globally to conserve aquatic ecosystems and protect water infrastructure. Australian governments have invested ~A$40 × 106 towards incentive programs. However, evaluation remains limited. Aims This study aimed to review progress, summarise research, and identify future priorities for screening in Australia. Methods The study analysed screen installations to date, estimating their benefits for native fish and agricultural water supply. Key results In New South Wales, 36 pumped water diversions were screened from 2018 to 2024. These installations protect over 819,000 native fish annually and can deliver up to 2600 ML of cleaner water per day, servicing over 230 km2 of irrigated agriculture. By 2026, these figures are set to rise to 48 sites, 1.72 × 106 native fish year−1 and 5461 ML day−1 of water. Conclusions Although incentive programs are generating substantial public benefits, valued at least A$177 ML−1 of water passing through a modern screen, and with benefit–cost ratios averaging 4:1, installation costs remain high and national progress has been limited. Implications Addressing these challenges is crucial to realising the full potential benefits of screening. Action is required to identify high-priority water diversions, improve affordability, encourage industry stewardship, and pursue advancements to facilitate wider adoption.
Hearing triboelectricity: home experiments
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Dubey Shivam , Vaish Rahul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explores the demonstration of triboelectricity using everyday materials in a home experiment setting. By rubbing Teflon against metallic electrodes (aluminum and copper), we generated significant voltage due to Teflon’s strong electron acceptor properties. Aluminum exhibited higher voltage generation than copper, attributed to a greater electron affinity difference. To showcase practical applications, we successfully illuminated LEDs and powered a Bluetooth speaker, using the voltage generated from Teflon-metal interactions. This simple yet effective setup highlights the potential of triboelectric materials for sustainable energy harvesting and underscores the accessibility of home-based experiments in advancing scientific understanding.
Experimental analysis of hyper power impulse magnetron discharge with long pulse operation
Authors: Morel Erwan , El Farsy Abderzak , Rozier Yoann , Minea Tiberiu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Glow discharges are known to be limited for running at high current densities (typically below 0.1

A

⋅

c

m

−
2

). Magnetically enhanced plasmas overcome this limitation, reaching up to two orders of magnitude higher current densities. However, the highest reported discharge current density hardly reaches 10

A

⋅

c

m

−
2

even in high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). Here, we report on the long (∼1 ms) pulsed operation of the magnetron in helium with an over-dense current (∼30

A

⋅

c

m

−
2

, usual for arcs) while preserving the glow mode. This regime defying the arcs was called hyper power impulse magnetron (HyPIM) because the power injected per pulse is several times higher than in HiPIMS for the same average power and pulse duration. HyPIM operation mode is distinguished from HiPIMS by the limited pulse voltage and is unsuitable for thin film deposition but may interest plasma switches. These huge currents were obtained for two cathode materials, molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W). Different experimental diagnostics bring insights into the physical phenomena governing the HyPIM plasma. A discussion on the role played by the metal atoms on the current unveils the origin of such exceptional glow current all along the pulse and the key role of the helium metastable atoms. A schematic of the kinetic steps of the HyPIM discharge is proposed.
Design and experimental verification of a novel high-reliability variation of lateral doping (VLD) termination
Authors: Guo Xiao , Ren Min , Zhang Xin , Zheng Fang , Liu Siwei , Zhou Jianyu , Zheng Haowen , Ma Rongyao , Li Zehong , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A novel two-dimensional mesh-like variation of lateral doping (VLD) termination (M-VLD) is proposed, which modifies the conventional ring-shaped track VLD termination (R-VLD) mask into an interconnected mesh-like structure. The comparative simulations and experiments show that M-VLD can achieve better blocking capability and reliability than R-VLD. Vertical double diffusion MOSFET (VDMOS) with M-VLD achieves a maximum breakdown voltage (

B

V

max

) of 1588 V, which is 62 V higher than that of VDMOS with R-VLD. Furthermore, the devices with M-VLD exhibit lower leakage currents in 150 °C reverse-biased

I
−
V

test and successfully pass 1000 h-125 °C-1200 V high-temperature reverse bias (HTRB) test, while the devices with R-VLD fail to pass both tests.
UV-Enhanced nonlinear optoelectronic features in iridium-doped tin oxide thin films
Authors: Hurtado-Aviles Eric Abraham , Trejo-Valdez Martín , Cabrera-Rodríguez Ohtokani , Manríquez-Ramírez María Elena , Sobral Hugo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work explores the influence of UV light on the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of iridium-doped tin oxide (Ir-doped SnO2) films prepared by spray pyrolysis. The NLO response of these films is systematically evaluated using single-beam transmittance and two-wave mixing experiments. A nanosecond laser source emitting at 532 nm induced a two-photon absorption effect positively affected by UV irradiation, resulting in a significant improvement in the NLO properties of the Ir-doped SnO2 films. A reliable and reproducible deposition route was employed to effectively control the film thickness. The effect of Ir doping on SnO2 semiconductor thin films was meticulously characterized using various analytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Optical properties such as refractive index, extinction coefficient and thickness were investigated using ultraviolet-visible and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Additionally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed distinct optoelectronic behavior induced by an UV light source. The observed strong NLO response exhibited by the Ir-doped SnO2 thin films holds great interest for potential applications in photonic and nonlinear devices.
A novel engineered sandwich composite with ceramic-coated graphite fibre-reinforced face sheets and an auxetic core for enhanced broadband electromagnetic absorption: design using multiscale computational analysis
Authors: Phanendra Kumar A , Harursampath Dineshkumar , Ponnusami Sathiskumar A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A novel sandwich composite is designed for enhanced broadband absorption using a multiscale computational analysis. The sandwich panel is configured with BaTiO3 coated graphite fibre reinforced polymer (C-GFRP) composite, while BaTiO3 material is used as the auxetic core material. A computationally efficient in-house tool based on the variational asymptotic method is used to homogenise the electromagnetic properties and evaluate the reflection loss characteristics of the proposed sandwich structure using the scattering matrices. A detailed parametric study of 300 analyses is conducted to identify the optimal sandwich panel configurations for achieving broadband reflection loss under the normal incidence of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarised waves. Two different configurations have been obtained, satisfying the requirements of broadband reflection loss in the X-band frequency range. Configuration (a)

V

f

= 15% without any ceramic coating, and configuration (b)

V

f

= 20% with a ceramic coating volume fraction (

C

f

) of 70%. Configuration (a) and (b) maintained the desired reflection loss of greater than −10 dB up to an incidence angle of 40° and 60°, respectively. With the demonstrated capability of covering the entire broadband frequency range, the proposed configurations can serve as baselines to explore novel ceramic-based engineered composite architectures for broadband absorption applications.
Energy harvesting from a fiber-constrained dielectric elastomer generator embedded into a novel floating wave energy harvester
Authors: Fan Peng , Han Jiachuan , Zhang Yifei , Zhang Chi , Zhu Zicai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the increasing energy demand and growing concern about greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuel combustion, converting the ocean wave energy into the electrical energy has emerged as a promising and sustainable solution. This paper proposes a novel floating ocean wave energy harvester based on the fiber-constrained dielectric elastomer generator (DEG) arrays and investigates the energy harvesting (EH) performance of the fiber-constrained DEG embedded into the harvester. A theoretical analysis model of the fiber-constrained DEG describing the free relaxation process is developed and verified by the existing experimental data. On this basis, the electrical energy and conversion efficiency of the fiber-constrained DEG are comprehensively analyzed under diverse system parameters, aiming to explore the feasible methods for performance improvement. Results show that both the electrical energy and conversion efficiency are enhanced by shortening the cycle period, boosting the output voltage, and increasing the time ratio of the rising segment in a cycle period. Variations of the electrical energy and conversion efficiency with the input voltage exhibit the non-monotonic behavior. In addition, at low input voltage, enlarging the maximum stretch ratio improves the EH performance, while at high input voltage, the overlarge maximum stretch ratio goes against the performance improvement. The average output power of the harvester with different lengths of rods in its displacement magnifying mechanism is also investigated. Results show increasing the rod length can improve the average output power. In addition, results can help to provide a guidance for designing a high-performance DE-based floating wave energy harvester.
Hot alkali atomic vapor in laser technology development
Authors: Lee Mingyu , Kim Seokjin , Hong Seongjin , Oh Kyunghwan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Alkali atomic vapor lasers have gained significant attention in recent decades as a promising option for high-powered and efficient laser systems. Utilizing hot alkali atomic vapor as the optical gain medium, these lasers, in principle, offer several advantages, such as high quantum efficiency, reduced thermal issues, and high beam quality. This paper reviews critical techniques developed in recent years to enhance the power and efficiency of these lasers. We discuss continuous wave laser optimization strategies, optical amplifier schemes, and pulsed laser generation based on hot alkali atomic vapor cells. Additionally, select findings from the authors’ research group are presented.
Analyzing the inverted fractional rössler system through two approaches: numerical scheme and LHAM
Authors: Abdoon Mohamed A , Elbadri Mohamed , Alzahrani Abdulrahman B M , Berir Mohammed , Ahmed Abubker 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to develop the scenario to find out how two approaches can be employed in estimating the numerical results in systems. The first technique is the application of the Caputo Fabrizio fractional schema, which is a method for overcoming the challenges of singular calculus while providing a generalized approach in a more flexible framework. The second approach involves the Laplace transform and the Homotopy analysis method (LHAM) to give an analytical solution that inherits good features of both methods, capable of tackling nonlinearity and yielding fast convergence. In the present work, we use these techniques to investigate the inverted Rössler system where the equations are defined within the Caputo Fabrizio derivative. By applying this system, which is associated with behaviour analysis using both methods, we conclude that Caputo Fabrizio is more appropriate for deriving solutions, whereas LHAM is preferable since it converges rapidly and is computationally efficient. Comparisons are provided for the validity of the outlined approaches, which is corroborated by the potential use of such methods in solving systems that recognize ‘chaotic’ patterns and in extending the applications of the forecasting approaches identified to other branches of science and engineering. Besides, an additional analysis focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each method to enable the user to understand how the method works and how it produces results.
A comparison of the acoustic waves generated in proton and carbon ion therapy
Authors: Halıcılar Fulya , Arık Metin , Erkol Hakan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hadron therapy, which employs particles such as protons and carbon-ions, is a promising method of cancer treatment due to its unique ability to deliver maximum energy at the Bragg peak near the tumor, sparing surrounding healthy tissue. Ionoacoustic waves, generated by thermal expansion from electronic collisions and localized heating, can be detected to optimize dose delivery and verify particle range, thus improving treatment precision. These waves offer a unique opportunity for comparative studies of different particle therapies. In this study, a mathematical model and computational simulations are used to compare the characteristics of ionoacoustic waves generated in tissue by proton and carbon-ion beams. In particular, we assess the impact of the nuclear fragmentation tail on the ionoacoustic signals generated in carbon-ion therapy. Our approach will allow us to make some important observations to study the comparative effects of proton and carbon-ion therapy. The aim of this work is to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of ionoacoustic waves from proton and carbon-ion treatments, focusing on their potential for in-vivo range verification. This research addresses the current gap in understanding the use of ionoacoustic signals for range verification in ion beam therapy, which is critical given the growing clinical application of carbon ion therapy and its under-explored acoustic properties. This study pioneers the feasibility of using acoustic imaging from carbon-ion beams to detect the Bragg peak position and measure tumor dose in real-time. Carbon-ion dose mapping and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) assessment can be facilitated by real-time signal monitoring. Our study aims to significantly advance the field by addressing the lack of a verification technique for carbon-ion beams, focusing on the considerable impact of the nuclear fragmentation tail on ionoacoustic signal waveforms, which provides crucial insights into the unique energy deposition properties of carbon-ions.