bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Prosopis juliflora in West Somaliland with Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery and Ground Information
Authors: Meroni Michele , Ng Wai‐Tim , Rembold Felix , Leonardi Ugo , Atzberger Clement , Gadain Hussein , Shaiye Muse 
Published: September 2016

AbstractProsopis juliflora is a drought‐tolerant fast‐growing tree species originating from South and Central America with a high invasion potential in arid and semi‐arid areas in Africa. It was introduced in Somaliland in the 1980s and is reported to have spread vigorously since. Despite being recognized as a serious issue in the country, the actual scale of the problem is unknown. In this study, we mapped the species in a study area that includes the capital, Hargeisa, using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. During a field campaign in 2015, we collected canopy‐level spectral signatures of P. juliflora and native trees to analyse the potential use of spectral data in discriminating the invasive species. P. juliflora was found to be generally distinguishable because of its greater vigour during the dry season. We tested the accuracy of the random forest classifier and different classification set‐ups, varying the spatial resolution (original 30 m vs pan‐sharpened 15 m) and image acquisition dates (during the wet season, the dry season and a combination of the two). Best overall accuracy (84%) was achieved by using pan‐sharpened data from the two seasons. About 30 years since its introduction, the invasive species was detected in 9% of the total investigated area with highest occurrence in the proximity of human settlements and along seasonal water courses. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optically referenced broadband electronic synthesizer with 15 digits of resolution
Authors: Fortier T. M , Rolland A. , Quinlan F. , Baynes F. N. , Metcalf A. J. , Hati A. , Ludlow A. D. , Hinkley N. , Shimizu M. , Ishibashi T. , Campbell J. C. , Diddams S. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFundamental science, as well as all communications and navigation systems, are heavily reliant on the phase, timing, and synchronization provided by low‐noise and agile frequency sources. Although research into varied photonic and electronic schemes have strived to improve upon the spectral purity of microwave and millimeter‐wave signals, the reliance on conventional electronic synthesis for tuning has resulted in limited progress in broadband sources. Using a digital‐photonic synthesizer architecture that derives its time‐base from a high‐stability optical reference cavity, we generate frequency‐agile and wideband microwave signals with exceptional dynamic range and with a fractional frequency instability of 1 × 10−15 at 1 s. The presented architecture demonstrates digitally controlled, user defined and broadband frequency tuning from RF to 100 GHz with orders‐of‐magnitude improvement in noise performance over room‐temperature electronic wide‐bandwidth synthesis schemes.
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Consecutive analysis of mutation spectrum in the dystrophin gene of 507 Korean boys with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy in a single center
Authors: Cho Anna , Seong Moon‐Woo , Lim Byung Chan , Lee Hwa Jeen , Byeon Jung Hye , Kim Seung Soo , Kim Soo Yeon , Choi Sun Ah , Wong Ai‐lynn , Lee Jeongho , Kim Jon Soo , Ryu Hye Won , Lee Jin Sook , Kim Hunmin , Hwang Hee , Choi Ji Eun , Kim Ki Joong , Hwang Young Seung , Hong Ki Ho , Park Seungman , Cho Sung Im , Lee Seung Jun , Park Hyunwoong , Seo Soo Hyun , Park Sung Sup , Chae Jong Hee 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionDuchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD) are allelic X‐linked recessive muscle diseases caused by mutations in the large and complex dystrophin gene.MethodsWe analyzed the dystrophin gene in 507 Korean DMD/BMD patients by multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification and direct sequencing.ResultsOverall, 117 different deletions, 48 duplications, and 90 pathogenic sequence variations, including 30 novel variations, were identified. Deletions and duplications accounted for 65.4% and 13.3% of Korean dystrophinopathy, respectively, suggesting that the incidence of large rearrangements in dystrophin is similar among different ethnic groups. We also detected sequence variations in >100 probands. The small variations were dispersed across the whole gene, and 12.3% were nonsense mutations.ConclusionsPrecise genetic characterization in patients with DMD/BMD is timely and important for implementing nationwide registration systems and future molecular therapeutic trials in Korea and globally. Muscle Nerve 55: 727–734, 2017
Exact imposition of essential boundary condition and material interface continuity in Galerkin‐based meshless methods
Authors: Zheng Hong , Li Wei , Du Xiuli 
Published: September 2016

SummaryRepresented by the element free Galerkin method, the meshless methods based on the Galerkin variational procedure have made great progress in both research and application. Nevertheless, their shape functions free of the Kronecker delta property present great troubles in enforcing the essential boundary condition and the material continuity condition. The procedures based on the relaxed variational formulations, such as the Lagrange multiplier‐based methods and the penalty method, strongly depend on the problem in study, the interpolation scheme, or the artificial parameters. Some techniques for this issue developed for a particular method are hard to extend to other meshless methods. Under the framework of partition of unity and strict Galerkin variational formulation, this study, taking Poisson's boundary value problem for instance, proposes a unified way to treat exactly both the material interface and the nonhomogeneous essential boundary as in the finite element analysis, which is fit for any partition of unity‐based meshless methods. The solution of several typical examples suggests that compared with the Lagrange multiplier method and the penalty method, the proposed method can be always used safely to yield satisfactory results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of embryo–fetal cells in celomic fluid using morphological and short‐tandem repeats analysis
Authors: Giambona Antonino , Leto Filippo , Damiani Gianfranca , Jakil Cristina , Cigna Valentina , Schillaci Giovanna , Stampone Giuseppe , Volpes Aldo , Allegra Adolfo , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Makrydimas George , Passarello Cristina , Maggio Aurelio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe main problem to wide acceptability of celocentesis as earlier prenatal diagnosis is contamination of the sample by maternal cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular composition of celomic fluid for morphological discrimination between maternal and embryo–fetal cells.MethodCelomic fluids were aspired by ultrasound‐guided transcervical celocentesis at 7–9 weeks' gestation from singleton pregnancies before surgical termination for psychological reasons. DNA extracted from celomic fluid cells showed the same morphology, and quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to evaluate their fetal or maternal origin.ResultsSix different types of non‐hematological maternal and four different types of embryo–fetal cells were detected. The most common maternal cells were of epithelial origin. The majority of embryo–fetal cells were roundish with a nucleus located in an eccentric position near the wall. These cells were considered to be erythroblasts, probably derived from the yolk sac that serves as the initial site of erythropoiesis.ConclusionsThe combined use of morphology and DNA analysis makes it possible to select and isolate embryo–fetal cells, even when maternal contamination is high. This development provides the opportunity for the use of celocentesis for early prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases and application of array comparative genomic hybridization. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CVD grown 2D MoS2 layers: A photoluminescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging study
Authors: Özden Ayberk , Şar Hüseyin , Yeltik Aydan , Madenoğlu Büşra , Sevik Cem , Ay Feridun , Perkgöz Nihan Kosku 
Published: September 2016

In this letter, we report on the fluorescence lifetime imaging and accompanying photoluminescence properties of a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown atomically thin material, MoS2. µ‐Raman, µ‐photoluminescence (PL) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are utilized to probe the fluorescence lifetime and photoluminescence properties of individual flakes of MoS2 films. Usage of these three techniques allows identification of the grown layers, grain boundaries, structural defects and their relative effects on the PL and fluorescence lifetime spectra. Our investigation on individual monolayer flakes reveals a clear increase of the fluorescence lifetime from 0.3 ns to 0.45 ns at the edges with respect to interior region. On the other hand, investigation of the film layer reveals quenching of PL intensity and lifetime at the grain boundaries. These results could be important for applications where the activity of edges is important such as in photocatalytic water splitting. Finally, it has been demonstrated that PL mapping and FLIM are viable techniques for the investigation of the grain‐boundaries.
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Analysis of non‐derivatised bacteriohopanepolyols by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Talbot Helen M. , Sidgwick Frances R. , Bischoff Juliane , Osborne Kate A. , Rush Darci , Sherry Angela , Spencer‐Jones Charlotte L. 
Published: September 2016

RationaleTraditional investigation of bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) has relied on derivatisation by acetylation prior to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or liquid chromatography/MS (LC/MS) analysis. Here, modern chromatographic techniques (ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)) and new column chemistries were tested to develop a method for BHP analysis without the need for derivatisation.MethodsBacterial culture and sedimentary lipid extracts were analysed using a Waters Acquity Xevo TQ‐S triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) mode. Waters BEH C18 and ACE Excel C18 were the central columns evaluated using a binary solvent gradient with 0.1% formic acid in the polar solvent phase in order to optimise performance and selectivity.ResultsNon‐amine BHPs and adenosylhopane showed similar performance on each C18 column; however, BHP‐containing terminal amines were only identified eluting from the ultra‐inert ACE Excel C18 column. APCI‐MS/MS product ion scans revealed significant differences in fragmentation pathways from previous methods for acetylated compounds. The product ions used for targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) are summarised.ConclusionsUPLC/MS/MS analysis using an ACE Excel C18 column produced superior separation for amine‐containing BHPs and reduced run times from 60 to 9 min compared with previous methods. Unexpected variations in fragmentation pathways between structural subgroups must be taken into account when optimising MRM transitions for future quantitative studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation study of major spirosolane‐type glycoalkaloids by collision‐induced dissociation linear ion trap and infrared multiphoton dissociation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Lelario F. , Labella C. , Napolitano G. , Scrano L. , Bufo S. A. 
Published: September 2016

RationaleGlycoalkaloids play a key role in the plant protection system against phytopathogens including fungi, viruses, bacteria, insects and worms. They can be toxic to humans if consumed in high concentrations causing gastrointestinal disturbances.MethodsThe structural characterization of the major spirosolane glycoalkaloids, solasonine, solamargine, α‐tomatine and dehydrotomatine, were investigated by positive electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap (LIT) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of spirosolane glycoalkaloids was performed by both collision‐induced dissociation (CID) within the LIT and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) in conjunction with the FTICR cell.ResultsSeveral common product ions were observed, generated by losses of the sugar moiety or aglycone fragmentation in the B‐ or E‐ring, that can provide information on the accurate mass of aglycone and the primary sequence and branching of the oligosaccharide chains. Thanks to the multistage CID it was possible to understand the fragmentation pathways and thanks to the high resolution of IRMPD‐FTICR the elemental compositions of product ions were obtained.ConclusionsBecause the investigated tandem mass spectra data were acquired with high mass accuracy, unambiguous interpretation and determination of the chemical compositions for the majority of detected fragment ions were feasible. From these data, generalized fragmentation pathways were proposed, providing guidance for the characterization of unknown glycoalkaloids in plants. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmentation and three‐dimensional reconstruction of lesions using the automated breast volume scanner (ABVS)
Authors: Araújo Teresa , Abayazid Momen , Rutten Matthieu J. C. M. , Misra Sarthak 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound is an effective tool for breast cancer diagnosis. However, its relatively low image quality makes small lesion analysis challenging. This promotes the development of tools to help clinicians in the diagnosis.MethodsWe propose a method for segmentation and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of lesions from ultrasound images acquired using the automated breast volume scanner (ABVS). Segmentation and reconstruction algorithms are applied to obtain the lesion's 3D geometry. A total of 140 artificial lesions with different sizes and shapes are reconstructed in gelatin‐based phantoms and biological tissue. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) is used to evaluate the reconstructed shapes. The algorithm is tested using a human breast phantom and clinical data from six patients.ResultsDSC values are 0.86 ± 0.06 and 0.86 ± 0.05 for gelatin‐based phantoms and biological tissue, respectively. The results are validated by a specialized clinician.ConclusionsEvaluation metrics show that the algorithm accurately segments and reconstructs various lesions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State‐of‐the‐art design processes for offshore wind turbine support structures
Authors: Seidel Marc , Voormeeren Sven , van der Steen Jan‐Bart 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStructural design of offshore wind turbine support structures is a complex process, which has many challenges. In particular in the early phase of a project it is difficult to select the appropriate structural concept and to determine structural masses with reasonable accuracy, without having to go through a time‐consuming iterative process. In the more advanced stages, care must be taken that required data for an optimized design has been collected earlier and that the right software tools are available such that all parties involved can execute the design work. In this paper, practical advice is given how this process can be organized and which methods can be used. Furthermore, common mistakes are highlighted, such that those can be avoided.Entwurfsprozess für Tragstrukturen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen – Praktische Vorgehensweisen und Fallstricke während unterschiedlicher Phasen. Der Entwurf von Tragstrukturen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Insbesondere in der frühen Entwurfsphase ist es oft schwierig, die richtige Entscheidung für das Konzept der Tragstruktur zu treffen und die strukturellen Massen mit angemessener Genauigkeit zu bestimmen, da dies häufig in einem zeitaufwendigen Iterationsprozess mündet. Im weiteren Verlauf muss sichergestellt sein, dass alle notwendigen Eingangsdaten für ein optimiertes Design vorliegen und die beteiligten Parteien über die notwendige Software verfügen. In dieser Veröffentlichung werden praktische Hinweise gegeben, wie dieser Prozess durchgeführt werden kann und welche Methoden in welcher Phase angemessen sind. Außerdem werden häufige Fehler beschrieben, damit diese vermieden werden können.
Ermüdung sehr großer HV‐Schraubengarnituren
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Eichstädt Rasmus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDie Ermüdungseigenschaften von HV‐Schraubengarnituren mit sehr großen Durchmessern, die üblicherweise in Tragstrukturen von Windenergieanlagen zur Anwendung kommen, sind bislang nicht abschließend untersucht. Für die Bemessung anwendbare Wöhlerlinien sind nur eingeschränkt für große Schraubendurchmesser validiert. In diesem Beitrag werden neue Ergebnisse von bislang erstmalig durchgeführten Ermüdungsversuchen an sehr großen HV‐Garnituren M64 vorgestellt und in den bisherigen Erkenntnisstand zur Ermüdung großer Schrauben eingeordnet. Anhand der erweiterten Versuchsgrundlage werden normative Regelwerke für die Anwendung auf sehr große Schraubendurchmesser überprüft und maßgebende Einflussparameter wie die Mittelspannung, der Größeneinfluss und der Einfluss der Feuerverzinkung diskutiert.Fatigue of very large high‐strength bolting assemblies. The fatigue characteristics of high‐strength bolting assemblies (System HV) with very large diameters, as they are commonly applied in support structures for wind turbines, are not conclusively investigated yet. S‐N curves, which are applicable for fatigue verification, are mostly validated on smaller bolt diameters. In this paper new experimental results of thus far unique fatigue tests on very large M64 HV‐bolt sets are presented and results are integrated into the existing state of knowledge concerning fatigue of large‐size bolts. Based on the enhanced test basis normative regulations are verified for very large bolt diameters and relevant influence parameter as mean stress, size effect and impact of hot‐dip galvanizing are discussed.
Gerammte Ringflanschverbindungen von Monopfahlgründungen
Authors: Bartminn Daniel , Griesshaber Tobias , Lüddecke Falk , Al Otaibi Walid , Wirth Rainer 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDerzeit ist bei Monopfahlgründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen ein Trend hin zu geschraubten Ringflanschverbindungen zwischen Monopfahl und dem Übergangsstück (Transition Piece) zu erkennen, analog zu den herkömmlichen Verbindungen im Bereich des Turmbaus von Windenergieanlagen. Das Einbringen der Monopfähle erfolgt weiterhin zumeist mittels Impuls‐Rammung, wobei der Lasteintrag zwischen dem Hydraulik‐Hammer und dem Pfahl durch direkten Kontakt bzw. Formschluss an der Flanschoberseite erfolgt. Für diesen temporären Bauzustand kommt der Nachweisführung des monopfahlseitigen Flansches und dessen Anschlusses an den Pfahl eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes werden Berechnungsergebnisse den tatsächlich gemessen Ergebnissen gegenübergestellt. Zusätzlich wurde aus den Berechnungsergebnissen eine Korrelation aus den zu erwartenden Beanspruchungen und maximalen Kontaktbreiten während der Rammung zwischen Anvil und Flanschoberseite herausgearbeitet. Diese Berechnungsergebnisse münden in einem für die Installation praxisgerechten Vorschlag zur Durchführung begleitender Überwachungen.Driven flange connection of monopile foundations – FE‐based sensitivity analysis compared to survey results during the installation. In analogy to conventional connections of turbine towers, a trend towards flanged connections between the monopile substructures and the transition pieces can be currently observed in monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines. The predominant installation technique for the monopile substructures will most probably be with conventional impact driving. The load transfer between the hydraulic hammer and the pile is achieved by direct contact on top of the pile. For this temporary condition of pile driving, the verification of the monopile‐sided flange and its connection to the monopile is very critical. As part of this paper, the calculation results are compared to the actual measured and surveyed results. Furthermore, a correlation between the resulting stresses and maximal contact widths between anvil and flange is interpreted. The results presented in this paper open a path for instantaneous accompanying monitoring and quality control of the impact driven flange, removing much of the uncertainties.
Influence of soil and structural stiffness on the design of jacket type substructures
Authors: Dührkop Jan , von Borstel Thomas , Pucker Tim , Nielsen Martin Bjerre 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe detailed design of jacket type substructures for offshore wind turbines involves an iterative load calculation process in which structural properties and loads are exchanged between the turbine vendor and the substructure designer. Structural and soil stiffness in particular play an important role as they directly influence the magnitude of loads in the ultimate and fatigue limit state. The well established procedures for monopiles cannot be directly adopted for jackets. Ramboll has conducted extensive sensitivity studies on how global and local loads change when stiffness is adjusted during the design process. The main findings are presented in this paper. These form the basis for some recommendations on how the design and load iteration process for jackets can be planned in order to achieve an optimal substructure design with a limited number of full load iterations. So‐called “Mini‐Load‐Iterations”, in which only a reduced number of time series is simulated, play an important role in this process.Zum Einfluss der Boden‐ und Struktursteifigkeit auf die Bemessung von Jacket‐Gründungen. In der Ausführungsplanung von Jacket‐Gründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen spielen die Lastiterationen, in denen Strukturdaten und Lasten zwischen dem Turbinenlieferanten und dem Fundamentplaner ausgetauscht werden, eine entscheidende Rolle. Insbesondere die Steifigkeiten der Struktur und des Bodens haben einen direkten Einfluss auf die Größe der Lasten in den unterschiedlichen Komponenten der Struktur – sowohl im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit als auch für den Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweis. Ein etabliertes und funktionierendes Verfahren der iterativen Lastberechnung existiert für Monopile‐Gründung. Es ist jedoch nicht direkt auf Jacket‐Gründungen übertragbar. Ramboll hat eine Vielzahl an Sensitivitätsstudien durchgeführt, um den Einfluss sich während des Bemessungsprozesses ändernder Steifigkeiten auf globale und lokale Lasten zu untersuchen. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse sind in diesem Beitrag zusammengestellt und dienen als Basis für Empfehlungen, wie die Bemessung und die Lastiterationen geplant werden sollten, um am Ende ein optimales Fundament zu erhalten bei einer möglichst geringen Anzahl von vollen Lastiterationen. Sogenannte Mini‐Lastiterationen, bei denen nur wenige Lastfälle simuliert werden, spielen hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle.
How to certify in offshore wind – Risk mitigation on a new level
Authors: Wöbbeking Mike 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces the new service specifications for project, type and component certification of wind turbines and power plants including a full overview on standards and recommended practices. The service specification applying to type certification of wind turbines as well as for component certification was published in summer 2016, the one for project certification of power plants at the end of 2015. The experiences gathered from certification projects in on‐ and offshore wind realised over the last years has been taken into account for these new service specifications. Correspondingly the project, type and component certification schemes have been adapted to meet market needs and expectations. But in course of the update of the whole scheme much more effort was taken to get to the next level of certification and standardization; beyond modules and elements of certification this includes all technical aspects laid down in standards and recommended practices.