bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learners’ Perspective on the Situation of Bed Side Teaching on the Medical Floor in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Tahira Quratul Ain , Lodhi Sidrah , Abaidullah Sajid 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Decline in bedside teaching is one of the problems that medical education is facing today. It has always been the best modality for effectively imparting clinical skills. It has declined from 75% in 1960s to 8 – 19% today. Various factors notably advancing medical technology are in essence phasing out bedside teaching. Our study was aimed to assess frequency and adequacy of bedside teaching on the medical floor.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This cross sectional study conducted in May 2015 in Mayo Hospital, Lahore included 152 trainee doctors, who gave feedback about various aspects of bedside teaching via a self-administered questionnaire. Frequency of bedside teaching was assessed in terms of number of sessions per week. It was considered adequate if its various aspects including contributions by teachers, learners, allied health professionals and patients were carried out in 70% or more sessions. Z-test was used to compare these aspects to the adequacy criterion. Responses of house officers and postgraduates and male and female doctors were compared by t-test. P-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Frequency of bedside teaching was reported to be 62.25%. All aspects of bedside teaching were significantly lower than the adequacy criterion (p-value 0.000). The inadequacy was more noticeable by postgraduates (p-value &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>Frequency of bedside teaching was acceptable but the adequacy criterion was not achieved in any of the areas studied.</p>
Effectiveness of Vaginal versus Intramuscular Progesterone for the Prevention of Preterm Delivery
Authors: Wajid Rabia , Zafar Maria , Waheed Fatima 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to compare the effectiveness of vaginal versus intramuscular progesterone to prevent preterm delivery in patients with history of preterm labor in previous pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>It was a Randomized Control Trial carried out in the Gynecology Unit in a Public sector Hospital, Lahore from March to December 2015. A total of 800 patients were enrolled through Antenatal OPD and were randomly divided into two groups by draw method. In Group-A, patients were administered 200mg of vaginal progesterone pessary once daily and in Group-B 250 mg of intramuscular progesterone was injected weekly. Treatment was continued until 37 completed weeks of gestation. The patients were followed up through their contact numbers and on routine follow up. This practice was abandoned if premature rupture of membranes occurred and the fetus was delivered before 37 weeks. All the parameters were recorded by the researcher on proforma. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Chi Square test was applied to draw the comparison.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>The mean age of patients was 26.16 ± 5.36 years (18 – 35 years). The 296 patients were Para 1, 290 were Para 2, 142 were Para 3, 51 were Para 4 and 21 females were Para 5. In all females, the mean gestational age at time of presentation was 22.00 ± 1.47 weeks, whereas, at time of delivery, mean gestational age was 36.05 ± 2.38 weeks. In vaginal progesterone group, the mean gestational age at time of delivery was 36.67 ± 1.92 weeks while in IM group, mean gestational age at time of delivery was 35.43 ± 2.62 weeks. The difference between both groups was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Effectiveness (delivery ≥ 37 weeks) was achieved in 379 (47%) cases, out of which 228 (57%) cases belonged to vaginal progesterone group and 151 (37.8%) cases belonged to IM progesterone group (P &lt; 0.05). Post stratification with age and parity also showed that vaginal progesterone is more efficacious than IM progesterone (P &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>We concluded that vaginal progesterone is more effective than intramuscular progesterone for the prevention of preterm labor in patients with history of preterm labor in previous pregnancy.<strong></strong></p>
Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Excretion in Type – II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Waheed Noor-ul- Ain , Anwar Sumair , Jabbar Uzma 
Published: January 2017

<p>Renal complications develop in about 40% of all type II diabetic patients, characterized by persistent albuminuria, leading towards end stage renal disease. N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) a large protein is released in the tubular lumen after proximaltubular damage thus considered as a tubular injury marker. Its raised levels were observed even in normoalbuminu-rics as the onset of microalbuminuria was considered a late finding. With the <strong><em>objective</em></strong> of comparing urinary NAG between normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric type II Diabetes Mellitus patients, this study was planned.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2014 at Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore on 86 type-II diabetic patients. Out of known type-II diabetic patients from both genders coming to diabetic clinic for routine checkup, those having duration of diabetes for less than 10 years since its diagnosis made and aged 45 – 65 years, were selected through convenient sampling except those with any comorbidity involving kidneys, pregnancy or history of nephrotoxic drug intake. After taking consent, their spot urine samples were collected. Those having urinary ACR (albumin creatinine ratio in mg/g creatinine) &gt; 300 on dipstick termed ‘macroalbumi-nuria’ were also excluded. The albumin, creatinine and NAG assays were performed in the selected spot urine samples. On the basis of urinary ACR, patients were divided into normoalbuminurics (ACR &lt; 30) as group 1 (n = 42) and microalbuminuric (ACR 30 – 300) as group 2 (n = 44). Urinary NAG level was measured in U/L and also expressed as NAG to creatinine ratio (U/ gram creatinine). Data were analyzed through SPSS (v: 21.0) and described as tables and graphs for age, gender, duration of diabetes and urinary NAG. Five point pictorial comparison of NAG to creatinine ratio in both groups was presented through box plot.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Out of<strong> </strong>86 subjects, mean age was 50.79 years in group 1 while it was 51.89 years in group 2. Majority subjects presented with disease history of 5 – 8 years, with male predominance (64% n = 55). Mean urinary NAG level was 18.69 U/L in group 1 and 42.36 U/L in group 2 and difference was significant<br /> (p = 0.01). Similarly NAG to creatinine ratio values revealed small sized box-plot in group 1 with lower minimum, maximum, median and interquartile range values as compared to group 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Among uncomplicated type-II diabetic patients in the first decade of their illness, the excretion of the urinary enzyme, ‘N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosami-nidase’ was observed. Its levels were lower in normo-albuminurics with less variation as compared to micro-albuminurics.</p>
Weaning Practices and Perceptions of Mothers Residing in Urban Slums of Lahore, Pakistan: A Focus Group Design
Authors: Salim Shafya , Kalsoom Samia , Humayun Ayesha 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Current study aimed to explore the perceptions and practices about weaning among mothers of children from 6 months to 2 years of age.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong><strong> </strong>An exploratory qualitative research using methodology of focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted on mothers of 6 months to 2 years of age children in urban slums of Lahore. Perceptions and practices of mothers regarding weaning foods were explored through 3 FGDs (n = 30) conducted in the Government dispensaries in 3 conveniently selected slum areas of Lahore. FGDs were audiotaped and noted followed by transcription, coding and thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Themes from FGD showed that mothers’ perceptions were poor about the initiation time of weaning, types, quality, frequency and amount of weaning foods. Practice of initiation of weaning varied from 3rd month to 12th months. Despite of the economic concerns almost all mothers preferred instantly prepared foods available in the market. Commonly used weaning foods included processed, dried, packed, instant snacks, breads, cereals, chips and noodles available in market. All mothers were not interested in preparing weaning foods at home. Most of the mothers experienced diarrhea in their infants quite frequently.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Perceptions and practices of weaning in mothers are both poor and inadequate regarding time of initiation of weaning, age-appropriate quantity, quality and frequency of weaning. Measures should be taken to improve their perceptions and practices because improper weaning determines nutritional status of child in future years of development.</p><p> </p>
« Nous voulons les professeurs de hadiths ! »
Authors: Hoechner Hannah 
Published: January 2017

Le paysage religieux du nord du Nigeria s’est considérablement transformé ces dernières décennies. Avec la montée en puissance des idéologies islamiques réformatrices, de nouveaux corpus de savoirs religieux sont enseignés dans les écoles islamiques « modernes » ( islamiyya ), aujourd’hui omniprésentes. Cette évolution s’est accompagnée d’approches inédites de la gestion de ces connaissances, les réformistes plaidant pour leur « démocratisation ». Ces tendances ont eu de profondes répercussions sur la position des oulémas « traditionnels » et sur celle des jeunes garçons et des jeunes hommes ( almajirai ) de Kano et dans le nord du Nigeria qui étudient sous leur direction. Paradoxalement, bien qu’une force « démocratisante » ait été à l’origine de son expansion, l’engouement pour l’éducation islamique « moderne » a suscité de nouvelles formes d’exclusion pour ceux qui n’y ont pas accès.
Le mirage démocratique du town meeting américain
Authors: Zuckerman Michael , Blandin Xavier 
Published: January 2017

La mythologie américaine voit dans les town meetings de Nouvelle-Angleterre la source de sa démocratie. Mais le droit de vote n’est offert à la majorité des hommes que comme unique moyen de maintenir l’ordre social. Sans roi ni aucune autorité traditionnellement établie, les colons ne peuvent se gouverner que par l’opinion publique. Ce gouvernement par consentement commun ne devrait pas être assimilé à une démocratie au sens moderne ; les désaccords sont interdits, la confrontation éludée, et la loi de la majorité n’est pas respectée. Les meetings sont fondés sur une conformité et une homogénéité qui nous paraîtraient aujourd’hui étouffantes.
Les town meetings de Nouvelle-Angleterre et les populations indigènes : Stockbridge, Massachusetts, 1730-1775
Authors: Mandell Daniel R. , Blandin Xavier 
Published: January 2017

Dans les années 1730, les Mohicans du Housatonic fondent la commune de Stockbridge. Ils participent aux town meetings et élisent leurs dirigeants « traditionnels » aux postes municipaux. Les meetings , tenus en anglais et en mohican, où les votes se font à main levée, sont marqués par une forte présence amérindienne, même lorsque la population anglaise s’accroît. Un conflit éclate en 1763 autour de la tentative d’imposition du bulletin secret par un groupe de colons ; la plainte des Indiens est entendue. Stockbridge offre un cas d’étude pour la comparaison des processus de prise de décision colons et indigènes, et met en évidence l’évolution des town meetings au cours du xviii e siècle.
Le projet d’aménagement de la vallée du Bou Regreg à l’épreuve de l’enquête publique et des délibérations communales
Authors: Mouloudi Hicham 
Published: January 2017

Les opposants au projet d’aménagement de la vallée du Bou Regreg, ou à la procédure d’expropriation dont ils étaient menacés, ont utilisé une grande variété de moyens pour faire pression sur les décideurs. Beaucoup de ces moyens, dont le recours peut sembler d’une grande banalité dans des sociétés démocratiques de longue date, sont au Maroc d’un usage relativement récent, qu’il s’agisse des sit-in ou des pétitions relatant des arguments s’accrochant à plusieurs domaines : économique, social, juridique et surtout politique. Leur généralisation, pour ne pas dire leur systématisation, a été rendue possible par les changements très sensibles qui ont affecté le système politique marocain depuis les années 1990.
Mobilité connectée et changements dans les pratiques de déplacement
Authors: Aguilera Anne , Rallet Alain 
Published: January 2017

Cet article propose une réflexion prospective sur les changements potentiels dans les pratiques de déplacement induits par l’accès à l’Internet mobile via le smartphone. La première section rappelle les tendances actuelles des déplacements urbains et interurbains en France au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années. La deuxième section identifie trois types de services rendus désormais accessibles en déplacement. Le premier est composé des services informationnels visant à aider les individus dans leurs déplacements (choix d’itinéraire, de mode de transport, etc.) Le deuxième ensemble de services concerne l’accès à de nouveaux contenus numériques en situation de mobilité, qui élargit considérablement la palette des activités possibles en déplacement et modifie ainsi la perception et l’utilité des temps de transport. Enfin, l’arrivée du numérique dans le champ du transport des personnes favorise le développement de nouveaux services de mobilité. La troisième section discute des implications de chacun de ces services sur les pratiques de déplacement, en particulier sur l’usage des différents modes de transport, en distinguant deux types d’effets : l’optimisation et le partage. Les attentes placées dans le Smartphone pour réguler les déplacements à l’échelle collective doivent être reconsidérées à l’épreuve de ces effets.
L’Asie du Sud-Est, un terrain d’innovation par le numérique pour la mobilité ?
Authors: Eskenazi Manon , Boutueil Virginie 
Published: January 2017

L’Asie du Sud-Est connaît une croissance urbaine et économique rapide, accompagnée d’une transformation en profondeur des systèmes de mobilité urbains. Elle est également le théâtre d’une diffusion rapide du smartphone et d’applications mobiles susceptibles de transformer les services de mobilité et, à terme, de déplacer les équilibres entre ces services. À partir d’une revue de littérature extensive et d’entretiens sur le terrain, cet article explore le rôle des applications mobiles dans la transformation des services de taxi dans deux villes d’Asie du Sud-Est : Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie, et Ho Chi Minh Ville, Vietnam. L’analyse montre notamment que les applications mobiles de réservation de taxi contribuent à augmenter les revenus des chauffeurs et à améliorer la qualité du service perçue par l’usager. Elle montre également que ces applications mobiles questionnent le rôle des pouvoirs publics en matière de planification, de régulation et de contrôle du secteur.
Du squat au marché public
Authors: Dumont Manon , Vivant Elsa 
Published: January 2017

Comment un collectif d’artistes-squatters se retrouve-il en charge de la gestion d’un ancien squat d’artistes dans le cadre d’un marché public de prestation de services ? Cette intrigue initiale forme la trame de cet article. L’occupation et la gestion de lieu artistique par des collectifs d’artistes off est devenue à la fois une modalité de gestion des espaces vacants et de soutien à la création artistique, qui contribue à la professionnalisation des opérateurs de lieux off . À travers l’histoire du collectif AlphArt, nous allons retracer la trajectoire de professionnalisation de ces opérateurs, trajectoire qui se comprend en croisant les intérêts et contraintes des artistes eux-mêmes, des municipalités et des propriétaires des lieux qu’ils occupent. Cette histoire révèle les étapes de la professionnalisation auxquels les collectifs sont confrontés, les apprentissages sous-jacents et les conflits qu’ils provoquent. Le déploiement d’une carrière de gestionnaire de lieu off suit une trajectoire qui s’ébauche lors de la formation, de l’organisation et de la structuration du collectif. Elle s’éprouve ensuite dans l’occupation d’un lieu, se publicise et s’expose dans la négociation avec les propriétaires, et se questionne dans la mise en concurrence. Elle se construit par des épreuves qui constituent les étapes d’une carrière d’opérateur de lieu artistique off qui, partant d’une pratique considérée comme déviante, déploie une posture de professionnel aux compétences spécifiques, interlocuteur fiable des pouvoirs publics.
Antigen Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Is Monitored by Semi-Invariant αβ TCRs Specific for a Conserved Peptide–Qa-1b MHC Class Ib Ligand
Authors: Guan Jian , Yang Soo Jung , Gonzalez Federico , Yin Yuxin , Shastri Nilabh 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ag processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the ER aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing (ERAAP) is central to presentation of a normal peptide–MHC class I (MHC I) repertoire. Alternations in ERAAP function cause dramatic changes in the MHC I–presented peptides, which elicit potent immune responses. An unusual subset of CD8+ T cells monitor normal Ag processing by responding to a highly conserved FL9 peptide that is presented by Qa-1b, a nonclassical MHC Ib molecule (QFL) in ERAAP-deficient cells. To understand the structural basis for recognition of the conserved ligand, we analyzed the αβ TCRs of QFL-specific T cells. Individual cells in normal wild-type and TCRβ-transgenic mice were assessed for QFL-specific TCR α- and β-chains. The QFL-specific cells expressed a predominant semi-invariant TCR generated by DNA rearrangement of TRAV9d-3–TRAJ21 α-chain and TRBV5–TRBD1–TRBJ2-7 β-chain gene segments. Furthermore, the CDR3 regions of the α- as well as β-chains were required for QFL ligand recognition. Thus, the αβ TCRs used to recognize the peptide–Qa-1 ligand presented by ERAAP-deficient cells are semi-invariant and likely reflect a conserved mechanism for monitoring the fidelity of Ag processing in the ER.
CXCR3/CXCL10 Axis Regulates Neutrophil–NK Cell Cross-Talk Determining the Severity of Experimental Osteoarthritis
Authors: Benigni Giorgia , Dimitrova Petya , Antonangeli Fabrizio , Sanseviero Emilio , Milanova Viktoriya , Blom Arjen , van Lent Peter , Morrone Stefania , Santoni Angela , Bernardini Giovanni 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Several immune cell populations are involved in cartilage damage, bone erosion, and resorption processes during osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of experimental osteoarthritis and whether and how neutrophils can regulate their synovial localization in the disease. Experimental osteoarthritis was elicited by intra-articular injection of collagenase in wild type and Cxcr3−/− 8-wk old mice. To follow osteoarthritis progression, cartilage damage, synovial thickening, and osteophyte formation were measured histologically. To characterize the inflammatory cells involved in osteoarthritis, synovial fluid was collected early after disease induction, and the cellular and cytokine content were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. We found that NK cells and neutrophils are among the first cells that accumulate in the synovium during osteoarthritis, both exerting a pathogenic role. Moreover, we uncovered a crucial role of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis, with CXCL10 increasing in synovial fluids after injury and Cxcr3−/− mice being protected from disease development. Finally, in vivo depletion experiments showed that neutrophils are involved in an NK cell increase in the synovium, possibly by expressing CXCL10 in inflamed joints. Thus, neutrophils and NK cells act as important disease-promoting immune cells in experimental osteoarthritis and their functional interaction is promoted by the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis.
Semaphorin 3E Deficiency Exacerbates Airway Inflammation, Hyperresponsiveness, and Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma
Authors: Movassagh Hesam , Shan Lianyu , Mohammed Ashfaque , Halayko Andrew J. , Gounni Abdelilah S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) plays a crucial role in axon guidance, vascular patterning, and immune regulation. Nevertheless, the role of Sema3E in asthma is still elusive. In this study, we show that genetic ablation of Sema3E in mice results in increased lung granulocytosis, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus overproduction, collagen deposition, and Th2/Th17 inflammation. Transfer of Sema3e−/− bone marrow progenitor cells to irradiated wild-type (WT) recipients exacerbates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, whereas transfer of WT bone marrow progenitor cells ameliorates asthma pathology in Sema3e−/− recipients. Sema3e−/− mice display a higher frequency of CD11b+ pulmonary dendritic cells than their WT controls at the baseline and after sensitization with house dust mite. Adoptive transfer of CD11b+ pulmonary dendritic cells from Sema3e−/− mice into WT recipients increases house dust mite–induced Th2/Th17 inflammation in the airway. Together, these findings identify Sema3E as a novel regulatory molecule in allergic asthma that acts upstream of proallergic events and suggest that targeting this molecule could be a novel approach to treat allergic asthma.
Irf4 Expression in Thymic Epithelium Is Critical for Thymic Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Haljasorg Uku , Dooley James , Laan Martti , Kisand Kai , Bichele Rudolf , Liston Adrian , Peterson Pärt 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ required for the induction and maintenance of central tolerance. The main function of the thymus is to generate an immunocompetent set of T cells not reactive to self. During negative selection in the thymus, thymocytes with autoreactive potential are either deleted or differentiated into regulatory T cells (Tregs). The molecular basis by which the thymus allows high-efficiency Treg induction remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that IFN regulatory factor 4 (Irf4) is highly expressed in murine thymic epithelium and is required to prime thymic epithelial cells (TEC) for effective Treg induction. TEC-specific Irf4 deficiency resulted in a significantly reduced thymic Treg compartment and increased susceptibility to mononuclear infiltrations in the salivary gland. We propose that Irf4 is imperative for thymic Treg homeostasis because it regulates TEC-specific expression of several chemokines and costimulatory molecules indicated in thymocyte development and Treg induction.