bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Infrastructure Development on the Ports of India's Western Coast
Authors: Ranade Prabha Shastri 
Published: January 2017

Commissioning of Konkan railway along the west coast in January 1998 was a major step towards infrastructure development in India. Completion of Konkan railway has provided impetus for the development of the coastal areas by connecting the major ports. The ports which are directly benefited by the completion of Konkan railway are: JNPT (Nhava Sheva), Mormugao and Mangalore. This paper aims to study the impact of infrastructure development, i.e. commissioning of Konkan railway on these three ports. The imports and exports from these ports prior to construction of Konkan railway are compared with the latest (2000-01) statistics of import and export. The changes in the volume and composition of traffic of these ports as a consequence of their increased accessibility are analysed. The share of the three ports in India's export trade is much more than in its import trade. Over half of India's exports of iron ore, over one third of the country's exports of POL products and one fourth of the exports of other liquids were handled by these three ports in 2000-01. Our analysis reveals that infrastructure development at and around the ports of western coast has a positive impact on the traffic handled by these ports. Value and volume of traffic handled by these ports have increased. With the improvement in infrastructure facilities for handling the specialised cargo, the import and export of liquid bulk cargo have significantly increased. The impact is most remarkable in case of JNPT. where the exports have increased at a higher rate than the imports. The improved connectivity of western coastal ports after the construction of Konkan railway has helped to relieve the congestion at the Mumbai port. With infrastructure development at ports and improvement in goods traffic handled by Konkan railway in due course of time, traffic at these ports will be further augmented.
Intellectual Property Rights and Strategic Complementarities
Authors: Padhi Satya Prasad 
Published: January 2017

Starting with the Uruguay Round, the issue of tighter IPR regime divides the rich and the poor countries; developed countries generally favour a tighter IPR that would not permit any free riding. However, the paper adopts a research methodology which starts with the well accepted premise that market power (incentive to innovation) is specific to output expectations and therefore is specific to strategic complementarities amongst various industries (Solow, 1998). In this context, the paper maintains that the good outcome, i.e. the realization of increasing returns to innovation, is particularly dependent on the possibility that the market power to innovation is specific to a growth process; a particular focus is then on the Youngian endogenous growth thesis where innovation induces further innovation through external economies, permitting further industrial differentiation (diversification) to permit increasing returns phenomenon; this approach to the problem, insofar as it focuses on the crucial role of the external economies, permits some free riding (as Romer, 1986 maintained that knowledge as a factors of production by a firm has external economies when it cannot be perfectly patented). The paper therefore focuses on specificity of free riding possibilities that facilitate the working of external economies, which, in turn, should permit (i) higher returns to innovation more than static returns, (ii) higher growth of innovation with possibility of participation of poor countries, and (thus) (iii) higher participation in international trade by the poor countries, giving fillip to international trade.
World Oil Resources: An Economic Approach to Appraisal
Authors: Modelevsky M.S. , Gurevich G.S. , Kharutukov E.M. 
Published: January 2017

Oil will remain a basic component of the world energy balance for no less than 30–40 years ahead. Estimates of the world oil resources vary substantially. The authors present their own estimate of recoverable resources of liquid hydrocarbons (crude oil and condensate) distributed by major regions of the non-Socialist world and differentiated by technical costs of oil production. Most important factors affecting oil production costs are characterized. Until 2020, cumulative world oil demand could be met by development of oil resources with production costs which do not exceed $45/t level (in 1987 US$). However, whilst the bulk of undiscovered resources of cheap, low-cost oil is concentrated in the developing countries, the oil potential of the developed market economies is almost exclusively represented by hard-to-access, high-cost resources.
U.S. Markets for Imported Natural Gas
Authors: Dreyfus Daniel A. 
Published: January 2017

U.S. energy markets are very large in terms of global energy consumption and the U.S. is a large net importer of both oil and gas. The dynamics of the U.S. energy supply and demand balance, therefore, will be the determining factor for future crossborder gas trade. U.S. primary energy consumption will increase at about one percent annually over the long term with natural gas consumption increasing at about one-half that rate. The potential growth markets for gas are commercial, industrial, and especially electric utility uses. Some large, new, environmental applications have the potential to increase this growth but are dependent upon policy changes rather than economic competition. The portfolio of gas sources which currently make up the U.S. gas supply will have to be supplemented by new initiatives. By the year 2010, new initiatives will be needed to provide one-third of the required supply. Among the new initiatives, additional Canadian gas exports from frontier or unconventional resources will figure prominently. Of common interest to both U.S. domestic and Canadian producers is the confidence that potential gas users will have in continued reliability of supply and stability of price of the portfolio of gas required to support long-term investments in gas-using facilities.
Effect of Li2O Doping on the Surface and Catalytic Properties of the Cr2O/Al2O3 System
Authors: El-Shobaky G.A. , Ghozza A.M. , El-Shobaky H.G. 
Published: January 2017

Two Cr2O3/Al2O3 samples with the nominal compositions 0.06Cr2O2/Al2O3 and 0.125Cr2O3/Al2O3 (AlCr-I and AlCr-II, respectively) were prepared by mixing a known amount of finely powdered Al(OH)3 with calculated amounts of CrO3, followed by drying at 120°C and calcination at 700°C and 800°C. Doped solid specimens were prepared by treating Al(OH)3 samples with known amounts of LiNO3 dissolved in the minimum amount of distilled water prior to mixing with CrO3. Dopant concentrations of 0.75, 1.50, 3.00 and 6.00 mol% Li2O were employed. The surface and catalytic properties of the pure and doped solids thus prepared were investigated using nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and studies of the catalysis of CO oxidation by O2 over the solid specimens at 300–400°C. The results of such studies showed that Li2O doping followed by calcination at 700°C led to a maximum increase in the specific surface area, SBET, of 26% for AlCr-I and of 55% for AlCr-II when these samples were doped with 3.00 mol% Li2O. The reverse effect was found when the calcination temperature was increased to 800°C, where a decrease of 34% in the SBET value of the AlCr-II sample doped with 3.00 mol% Li2O was detected. The catalytic activities measured at 350°C over the pure and doped solids decreased on increasing the dopant concentration, the maximum decrease in such activity being ca. 33% and 50%, respectively, for the AlCr-I and AlCr-II samples calcined at 700°C. Doping led to noticable changes in the magnitude of the activation energy for the catalytic reaction. Such changes were accompanied by parallel changes in the value of the pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius equation. These results may indicate that Li2O doping has no effect on the mechanism of the catalytic reaction but modifies (decreases) the concentration of catalytically active sites taking part in chemisorption during the catalysis of CO oxidation by O2.
Victims as Actors of Social Control: An Empirical Inquiry in France and Some Implications
Authors: Zauberman Renée , Robert Philippe 
Published: January 2017

This article presents some preliminary results of the first French national victimization survey. Investigations into victimization are mainly used in France to determine the social profile of victims, as well as their behaviour and attitudes. The survey was implemented in two phases: a screening question on a national sample of 11,000, followed in the second phase by 1,049 victims answering a detailed questionnaire on their attitudes and behaviour. Besides ordinary property and personal offences, family violence and offences related to consumption and business life were included. For each of those types of victimization, the authors detail the specific socio-demographic characteristics of victims in order to compare these profiles. Finally they present data on the consequences of victimization and on the different resources to which victims turn. These results are used to document a discussion on criminal policy issues; in particular, passivity of the police confronted with individual complaints against unidentified offenders; and the considerable transformations in the protection of private property, which blur the traditional borders between state and private sectors.
A Study of the Local Tolerance of Tibicorten during Long-Term Application
Authors: Kroon H V N vd , van Driel L M J 
Published: January 2017

Regular observation of 16 patients with chronic skin diseases, treated twice daily with applications of Tibicorten for 2 to 14 weeks, showed that this treatment did not give rise to development of local side-effects. Even protracted local application of Tibicorten is tolerated excellently.
A Multicentre General Practice Evaluation of Syndol in Tension Headache
Authors: Donald J F , Gatley M S , Kagan G , Leslie G B , McKay R H G , Sethi K B S 
Published: January 2017

In a multicentre evaluation in general practice involving 104 patients, Syndol, a formulation containing paracetamol, codeine phosphate, caffeine, and doxylamine succinate, was shown to be highly effective in treating the organic and psychogenic symptoms of Tension Headache in 81·7% of patients. The evaluation was performed in six widely differing practices in the United Kingdom. The result confirms the findings of other investigators in South Africa both in the efficacy of the drug and the incidence of Tension Headache in the general population. Drowsiness was the most common side-effect, indicating that the formulation provided sufficient calmative activity, especially in those patients where tension was a major component of their symptoms.
Combined Therapy of T3 and Antidepressants in Depression
Authors: Tsutsui S , Yamazaki Y , Namba T , Tsushima M 
Published: January 2017

Since there are some patient groups whose symptoms do not improve despite the fact that the use of the antidepressants will alleviate the symptoms to some extent, we have conducted a TRH test for depression and found that there are not a few cases who show a low TSH response. We therefore used a small amount of T3 together with the antidepressants in these cases and have found that the therapy is useful for improvement of the symptoms. When the TRH test is made at the time of improvement of the symptoms due to the combined use of these two drugs and compared with the state at pre-treatment, it has been confirmed that the TSH response will go back to normal. Hence, we would like to present here two markedly improved cases due to the combined use of imipramine and clomipramine plus T3 and to refer to the result of the TRH test.
A Study of Campylobacter Enteritis
Authors: Jones Alan , Harrop Christine 
Published: January 2017

During the years 1978 and 1979, 432 separate outbreaks of gastro-enteritis were reported to this department by the employees of this company. All these outbreaks were fully screened, and it was seen that nineteen employees had gastro-enteritis caused by Campylobacter organisms. Investigation of these employees revealed significant findings with regard to the possible human source of the organism, and leads us to conclude that the organism can be spread by human-to-human contact, and must be treated as a food poisoning organism with subsequent exclusion of food handlers from work during the period of carriage of the organism. The study also demonstrated that the illness suffered by the affected employees was severe in nature and lasted approximately 1 to 10 days. It took on average between 17 and 19 days during 1979 for clearance to occur in the specimens of the affected employees. Thus, if food handlers are excluded from work when affected, this is a considerable period of absence from work, with considerable cost to industry and the community.
Clinical Evaluation of Piperacillin in Bronchopulmonary Infection
Authors: Marlin G E , Burgess K R , Thompson P J 
Published: January 2017

Piperacillin sodium, a new semi-synthetic penicillin, was administered to eleven patients with acute bronchial infection and to fourteen patients with pneumonia. Piperacillin dosage was either 8 g/day (twenty-one patients) or 16 g/day (four patients) intravenously for periods of between 5 and 15 days. Clinical assessment was determined by diminution of sputum purulence, eradication of pathogen from sputum, clinical and radiological progress. There was a beneficial response in all but six patients, two of whom had severe chronic infective bronchial disease and four had underlying pulmonary malignancy. The low toxicity of piperacillin was confirmed, although one patient with chronic renal failure had a significant decline in renal function. Dosage should be reduced inpatients with renal impairment.
Clinical Trial with Nimesulide, a New Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Agent, in Rheumatic Pathology
Authors: Weissenbach Robert 
Published: January 2017

The author reports the use of a new non-steroid drug, endowed with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities (Nimesulide) in seventy patients affected with a subacute or chronic rheumatic pathology. Nimesulide, given orally at a dosage of 200–600 mg daily for a mean duration of 26 days, induced either the resolution of the condition or a clinically useful improvement in 86% of the patients, with a low incidence of untoward side-effects characterized by a prevailing gastric localization.
Comparison of Efficacy of a New Butyrophenone Derivative, Timiperone and Perphenazine in Schizophrenia by a Multicentre Controlled Study
Authors: Takahashi R , Inanaga K , Samejima K , Sarai K , Asada S , Otsuki S , Nakano S 
Published: January 2017

The efficacy of timiperone in schizophrenia as compared with perphenazine was assessed in a double-blind fashion in 205 patients throughout a 12-week treatment period. More than half of the subjects were chronic schizophrenics. Global improvement in the timiperone treatment group was superior to that in the perphenazine group in view of a lower rate of aggravation. With regard to overall safety and general usefulness rating, there were no significant differences between the two drug treatments. However, timiperone showed less frequency of excitability, irritability, anxiety and anorexia than perphenazine on occasions during the 12 week treatment period. From these results it may be concluded that the efficacy of timiperone could be superior or equivalent to that of perphenazine which has been confirmed to be of use as an antipsychotic.
Pharmacokinetics of Two Dosage Levels of Trimethoprim to ‘Steady-State’ in Normal Volunteers
Authors: Watson I D , Stewart M J , Wiles A , McIntosh S J 
Published: January 2017

Trimethoprim (TMP), previously available only with a sulphonamide, is now available alone. The kinetics of two dosage regimens (200 mg b.d. p.o. and 300 mg o.d. p.o.) have been examined. The expected disposition of higher TMP concentrations following the initial dose of the 300 mg preparation is reversed when steady-state is reached, and is a function of dosage. The MIC of TMP for sensitive organisms in urine was greatly exceeded following both regimens and is the result of a favourable pH gradient. The serum concentrations at Css (trough) following the 300 mg regimen did not consistently exceed the MIC for TMP, those for the 200 mg regimen were more satisfactory. The implications of these findings are that while both regimens would be satisfactory in the treatment of urinary tract infection the 200 mg regimen would be more appropriate for the treatment of infected sites where pH dependent accumulation of TMP does not occur.
Acebutolol: Efficacy and Acceptability in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension over 22 Months
Authors: Kubik M M 
Published: January 2017

Thirty-three patients were admitted to a 22-month study of acebutolol in the treatment of essential hypertension. Four patients were withdrawn, but only two of them for reasons attributable to the treatment. Twenty-nine patients completed the study, the dose of acebutolol ranging from 400 to 1200 mg/day divided into morning and evening doses. Twenty-four also received diuretics. Although twenty patients had been receiving antihypertensive medication up to the start of the trial, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell significantly by 16% and 15%, respectively, in the first 6 months, and by 20% and 14% at 22 months. Most patients achieved falls to less than 150/90 mm Hg or falls exceeding 20 mm systolic and 10 mm diastolic in at least 2 out of the 3 assessments at 6, 12 and 22 months. The treatment was well tolerated except by the two patients who were withdrawn due to side-effects.
Pattern of Lecithin-Cholesterol-Acyl-Transferase (L-CAT) Activity in the Course of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: De Martiis M , Barlattani A , Parenzi A , Sebastiani F 
Published: January 2017

Considering liver cirrhosis a limit model, and therefore a condition suitable for the analysis of changes of lipid metabolism in liver disorders generally, the authors examined the L-CAT pattern, total and free cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and APO-A in sixty-five subjects; fifty-three were suffering from liver cirrhosis, and were subdivided into those who were diabetic in addition, and those who were not, as well as according to the severity and duration of the liver disease; the remaining twelve were healthy controls. Analysis of the findings showed L-CAT to diminish significantly as the metabolic changes due to liver injury worsen. Contrary to the other parameters studied, L-CAT was the only one for which significant changes were found on analysis of variance comparing non-diabetic cirrhotics of varying severity. Further comparison suggested the idea that the reduction of L-CAT activity was correlated to the rate of progression of the disease rather than to the temporary condition of compensation or decompensation, so much so as to suggest itself as a valid parameter for the prognosis of liver cirrhosis.
Reversal by Testosterone of Atrophy of Accessory Genital Glands of Castrated Male Sheep
Authors: Tryphonas L. , Hidiroglou M. , Collins B. 
Published: January 2017

The histologic features of male accessory genital glands of entire sheep (group I), castrated sheep (group II), castrated sheep treated with 40 daily intramuscular injections of 50 milligrams testosterone propionate (group III), and castrated sheep treated with 600 milligrams testosterone propionate 72 hours before death (group IV) were compared. Sheep were castrated at 3 months old and all sheep were killed when 15 months old. Volume fractions of glandular tissue, intralobular fibromuscular tissue and perilobular fibromuscular tissue of the seminal vesicles and Cowper's glands fluctuated significantly ( P < 0.05) during postcastration atrophy and after repeated testosterone treatment. Atrophy in sheep in group II was least in the prostate but greatest in Cowper's glands, seminal vesicles and ampullae of vasa deferentia. Seminal vesicle plexi, whose cytons had a statistically significant ( P < 0.05) degree of shrinkage, also were atrophied. After treatment with testosterone the postcastration atrophy of plexal neurons was almost reversed in sheep in group III. There also was hypertrophy of epithelial cells but the testosterone treatment failed to reduce to normal the fibromuscular volume fraction of the accessory genital glands. Testosterone propionate treatment of sheep in group IV failed to elicit appreciable morphologic changes. These results are compared with our previous findings on the content and uptake of zinc by the accessory genital glands. It is suggested that accumulation of zinc in the accessory genital glands of sheep is not necessarily closely linked to normal histologic appearance.
The Ultrasound Investigation of Scrotal Swelling
Authors: Micallef M , Torreggiani W C , Hurley M , Dinsmore W W , Hogan B 
Published: January 2017

The objectives of this study were to: (1) establish the causes of scrotal swelling in the hospital catchment population; (2) define the role of high frequency ultrasound examination in the management of scrotal swelling. A retrospective study of 582 patients who had high frequency ultrasound examination was carried out. Those requiring more information on perfusion had colour doppler examination. Forty-four per cent of examinations were performed for scrotal swelling. The cause of the scrotal swelling was mainly extratesticular (75% of all scrotal swellings), hydrocele being the commonest. Of the intratesticular causes, infection (50.8%) and tumour (20.6%) were the commonest. In conclusion ultrasound examination distinguishes extratesticular (almost always benign) from intratesticular (potentially malignant) causes of scrotal swelling. Infection, trauma and torsion mimic the ultrasound appearance of tumour as do rare benign entities.
Performance of Chlamydiazyme Enzyme Immunoassay for Detecting Chlamydia Trachomatis in Cervical Specimens
Authors: Schiøtz Hjalmar A , Schøyen Rolf 
Published: January 2017

Two aspects of the performance of Abbott's improved Chlamydiazyme enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were studied. Firstly, the test was compared with cell culture in cervical specimens from 100 abortion applicants. The results showed good correlation between the two methods, with 12 women positive with both methods and one woman EIA-positive but culture-negative. Compared with cell culture the EIA had sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.9%. Secondly, the reproducibility of positive EIA tests was evaluated by re-analysing 100 consecutive positive specimens. Ninety-nine of these remained positive and one weakly positive specimen became negative. There was close correlation between absorbance values on first and second analyses. The performance of the Chlamydiazyme EIA in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility is acceptable in this patient population.