bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Comparison and Spending on Tobacco Products: Evidence From A Nationally Representative Sample of Adult E-cigarette Users
Authors: Ma Shaoying , Yang Qian , Ahn Sooa , Park Hojin , He Yanyun , Bridges John F P , Shang Ce 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Over 20 states and local jurisdictions in the United States have imposed e-cigarette taxes. It is important to evaluate how adult vapers, including those who also smoke respond to e-cigarette taxation. The purpose of this study is to examine factors associated with adult vapers’ cost comparison between e-cigarettes and cigarettes (ie, which one is perceived to be more expensive) and expenditures (ie, dollars spent) on these two products.

Aims and Methods
We recruited a nationally representative sample of 801 adult e-cigarette users in the United States., who participated in an online survey in April–May 2023. Nested-ordered logit and ordinary least squares regressions were used in the analysis.

Results
On average, adult vapers spent $82.22 per month on e-cigarettes, and dual users spent $118.77 per month on cigarettes. More frequent e-cigarette use, lower state-level e-cigarette taxes, age, and exclusive use of rechargeable tank systems with e-liquids were associated with considering e-cigarettes as less expensive than cigarettes. Exclusive use of tank systems was associated with lower e-cigarette spending. Adults who used e-cigarettes more frequently preferred to report weekly (vs. monthly) spending on e-cigarettes; among dual users, everyday smokers were more likely to think of weekly (vs. monthly) spending on cigarettes compared to someday smokers.

Conclusions
Among U.S. adult vapers, tobacco use frequency, and e-cigarette device type are closely related to cost measures; e-cigarette taxes are associated with cost comparison between e-cigarettes and cigarettes, suggesting potential financial disincentive for vaping. Policymakers may consider imposing differential taxes on e-cigarette product types due to their different costs to consumers.

Implications
This study provides supportive evidence that e-cigarette taxes may impact how vapers compare the costs of e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes. Given different expenditures and cost comparisons by e-cigarette device types, tax, and policy design may need to be taken into consideration of e-cigarette device types. We also found that indoor tobacco use restrictions in shared housing may reduce vaping, and future research is needed. The associations between sociodemographics and cost comparison and expenditures reflect known patterns in price responsiveness and vaping prevalence. Cost comparison and expenditures are related measures, which may further reflect product affordability.
Bottom–up propagation of synoptic wind intensification and relaxation in the planktonic ecosystem of the South Senegalese Upwelling Sector
Authors: Chabert P , Echevin V , Aumont O , Person R , Hourdin C , Pous S , Machu E , Capet X 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Synoptic intensification or relaxation of upwelling favorable winds are major sources of variability in eastern boundary upwelling systems. This study aims to investigate their impact on the planktonic ecosystem of the South Senegalese Upwelling Sector (SSUS), located south of the Cape Verde peninsula over a wide and shallow continental shelf. Numerical experiments using a three-dimensional coupled physical–biogeochemical model with four plankton functional types simulated the response of the coastal planktonic ecosystem to idealized synoptic (∼10 days) wind intensification and relaxation of the same amplitude. We find that these perturbations induce spatio-temporal oscillations of plankton concentrations. Zooplankton response occurred with a time lag that manifests itself in space as an equatorward/downstream shift in distribution relative to phytoplankton. Overall, the transmission of the synoptic perturbation from the physics to zooplankton is characterized by a damping in relative anomalies. All these elements and the weakness of the asymmetries in the biogeochemical/planktonic ecosystem responses between intensification and relaxation events support the hypothesis that synoptic variability has limited impact on the climatological state of low–latitude upwelling systems such as the SSUS.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY
In some coastal regions of the world such as off Senegal, winds preferentially blow alongshore and induce subsurface, cold and nutrient rich waters to rise to the surface layer and favor the development of plankton blooms. These so-called upwelling favorable winds are not steady. Their fluctuations produce dynamical and biogeochemical variability over a broad range of scales. Here, we studied the biogeochemical effect of 10-day (i.e. weather or synoptic) wind fluctuations over the southern Senegal continental shelf. We used a numerical model with a simplified planktonic ecosystem consisting of two phytoplankton and two zooplankton size classes. The wind perturbations modulate ocean physics, the enrichment of the sun-lit surface layer in nutrients and the planktonic ecosystem. The plankton’s response to wind fluctuations exhibited oscillations more complex and relatively less intense than those of the wind. The modest effect of the studied short-term wind fluctuations on plankton found in this study may be specific to low-latitude coastal oceans with wide continental shelves.
A Phylogenomic Backbone for Acoelomorpha Inferred From Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Abalde Samuel , Jondelius Ulf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Xenacoelomorpha are mostly microscopic, morphologically simple worms, lacking many structures typical of other bilaterians. Xenacoelomorphs—which include three main groups, namely Acoela, Nemertodermatida, and Xenoturbella—have been proposed to be an early diverging Bilateria, sister to protostomes and deuterostomes, but other phylogenomic analyses have recovered this clade nested within the deuterostomes, as sister to Ambulacraria. The position of Xenacoelomorpha within the metazoan tree has understandably attracted a lot of attention, overshadowing the study of phylogenetic relationships within this group. Given that Xenoturbella includes only six species whose relationships are well understood, we decided to focus on the most speciose Acoelomorpha (Acoela + Nemertodermatida). Here, we have sequenced 29 transcriptomes, doubling the number of sequenced species, to infer a backbone tree for Acoelomorpha based on genomic data. The recovered topology is mostly congruent with previous studies. The most important difference is the recovery of Paratomella as the first off-shoot within Acoela, dramatically changing the reconstruction of the ancestral acoel. Besides, we have detected incongruence between the gene trees and the species tree, likely linked to incomplete lineage sorting, and some signal of introgression between the families Dakuidae and Mecynostomidae, which hampers inferring the correct placement of this family and, particularly, of the genus Notocelis. We have also used this dataset to infer for the first time diversification times within Acoelomorpha, which coincide with known bilaterian diversification and extinction events. Given the importance of morphological data in acoelomorph phylogenetics, we tested several partitions and models. Although morphological data failed to recover a robust phylogeny, phylogenetic placement has proven to be a suitable alternative when a reference phylogeny is available.
Angiotensin‐(1–7) improves intestinal microbiota disturbances and modulates fecal metabolic aberrations in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Gu Ruru , Wei Hongtao , Cui Tianyu , Wang Guoxing , Luan Yingyi , Liu Ruixia , Yin Chenghong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious health problem that dysregulates intestinal microbiota. Angiotensin (Ang)‐(1–7) plays a protective role in the intestinal barrier in AP, but its effect on intestinal microbiota remains clear. To investigate the impact of Ang‐(1–7) on AP‐induced intestinal microbiota disorder and metabolites. We collected blood and fecal samples from 31 AP patients within 48 h after admission to the hospital, including 11 with mild AP (MAP), 14 with moderately severe AP (MSAP), six with severe AP (SAP). Mice were divided into four groups: control, AP, AP + Ang‐(1–7) via tail vein injection, and AP + Ang‐(1–7) via oral administration. The samples of mice were collected 12 h after AP. Pancreatic and intestinal histopathology scores were analyzed using the Schmidt and Chiu scores. Fecal microbiota and metabolites analysis was performed via 16S rDNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics analysis, respectively. In patients, the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Negativicutes) decreased and pathogenic bacteria (Clostridium bolteae and Ruminococcus gnavus) increased in SAP compared with MAP. Ang‐(1–7) levels were associated with changes in the microbiota. There were differences in the intestinal microbiota between control and AP mice. Ang‐(1–7) attenuated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in AP mice, reflecting in the increase in beneficial bacteria (Odoribacter and Butyricimonas) than AP, as well as pancreatic and intestinal injuries. Oral administration of Ang‐(1–7) reversing AP‐induced decreases in metabolisms: secondary bile acids, emodin, and naringenin. Ang‐(1–7) may improve intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and modulate fecal metabolites in AP, thereby reducing the damage of AP.
Dynamic Instability Is Underestimated on Standing Flexion-Extension Films When Compared With Prone CT Imaging
Authors: Chiang Michael C. , Jiao Albert , Makhni Melvin C. , Mandell Jacob C. , Isaac Zacharia 
Published: October 2024

Study Design/Setting:
Single center retrospective cohort study

Objective:
We performed a retrospective study evaluating the incidence and degree of L4-5 anterior spondylolisthesis in patients with standard supine MRI, standing flexion-extension radiographs, and prone CT. We hypothesize that prone CT imaging will provide greater sensitivity for instability compared with conventional flexion extension or supine positions.

Summary of Background Data:
Dynamic lumbar instability evaluated by flexion-extension radiographs may underestimate the degree of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Despite efforts to characterize dynamic instability, significant variability remains in current guidelines regarding the most appropriate imaging modalities to adequately evaluate instability.

Methods:
We assessed single-level (L4-5) anterolisthesis between 2014 and 2022 with standing lateral conventional radiographs (CR), flexion-extension images, prone CT images (CT), or supine MRI images (MRI).

Results:
We identified 102 patients with L4-5 anterolisthesis. The average translation (±SD) measured were 4.9±2.2 mm (CR), 2.5±2.6 mm (CT), and 3.7±2.6 mm (MRI) (P<0.001). The mean difference in anterolisthesis among imaging modalities was 2.7±1.8 mm between CR and CT (P<0.001), 1.8±1.4 mm between CR and MRI (P<0.001), and 1.6±1.4 mm between CT and MRI (P=0.252). Ninety-two of 102 patients (90.2%) showed greater anterolisthesis on CR compared with CT, 72 of 102 (70.6%) comparing CR to MRI, and 27 of 102 (26.5%) comparing CT to MRI. We found that 17.6% of patients exhibited ≥3 mm anterior translation comparing CR with MRI, whereas 38.2% of patients were identified comparing CR with CT imaging (χ2 test P=0.0009, post hoc Fisher exact test P=0.0006 between CR and CT). Only 5.9% of patients had comparable degrees of instability between flexion-standing.

Conclusions:
Prone CT imaging revealed the greatest degree of single L4-5 segmental instability compared with flexion-extension radiographs.
A Continuous and Noninvasive Method to Estimate Pao 2/Fio 2 Ratio
Authors: Beauchamp Francis-Olivier , Sauthier Michaël 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To validate a method for continuously estimating the Pao
2/Fio
2 (PF) ratio in all critically ill pediatric patients using only standard continuous data monitoring.

DESIGN:
Retrospective study on a high temporal resolution database.

SETTING:
PICU in Montreal, QC, Canada.

PATIENTS/SUBJECTS:
We included any patients admitted from May 2015 to May 2023 who had an arterial blood gas (ABG) with concurrent continuous pulsed oximetry saturation (Spo
2) values. We used our previously validated mathematical model to determine the magnitude of hypoxemia by computing the estimated ePao
2/Fio
2 (ePF) ratio and comparing it to the Spo
2/Fio
2 (SF), using PF ratio as the reference standard.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We analyzed a total of 20,828 ABGs. When Spo
2 was below or equal to 97%, the ePF ratio showed a significantly better hypoxemia classification (none, light/moderate, or severe) than the SF ratio (0.80 vs. 0.72; p < 0.001), a lower fixed bias (16.26 vs. –35.24; p < 0.001), a lower mean absolute error (37.92 vs. 63.93; p < 0.001) and a lower proportional bias (slope of 1.01 vs. 0.81; p < 0.001). ePF ratio has also a better limits of agreement difference from Bland-Altman plot (248.10 vs. 292.45; p < 0.001) and coefficient of determination (0.68 vs. 0.59; p < 0.001). When Spo
2 was above 97%, the ePF ratio had better classification with Kappa (0.53 vs. 0.43; p < 0.001) and lower fixed bias (–0.63 vs. 65.68; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The PF ratio based on ePF allows for a continuous estimation of hypoxemia severity with a better performance than the SF ratio.
Omics in IgG4-related disease
Authors: Cai Shaozhe , Chen Yu , Hu Ziwei , Lin Shengyan , Gao Rongfen , Ming Bingxia , Zhong Jixin , Sun Wei , Chen Qian , Stone John H , Dong Lingli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Research on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), an autoimmune condition recognized to be a unique disease entity only two decades ago, has processed from describing patients’ symptoms and signs to summarizing its critical pathological features, and further to investigating key pathogenic mechanisms. Challenges in gaining a better understanding of the disease, however, stem from its relative rarity–potentially attributed to underrecognition – and the absence of ideal experimental animal models. Recently, with the development of various high-throughput techniques, “omics” studies at different levels (particularly the single-cell omics) have shown promise in providing detailed molecular features of IgG4-RD. While, the application of omics approaches in IgG4-RD is still at an early stage. In this paper, we review the current progress of omics research in IgG4-RD and discuss the value of machine learning methods in analyzing the data with high dimensionality.
Prevalence and associated factors of post-spinal anesthesia transient neurological symptoms in Dessie Referral Hospital from February to April 2021: an institution based cross sectional study
Authors: Timerga Sara , Befkadu Aynalem , Admasu Wosenyeleh , Daniel Tinbite , Agmas Amare , Mihretu Fasil 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly utilized regional anesthesia for surgical procedures below the umbilicus. However, it has also been implicated as possible cause of neurological complications. Transient neurological symptom (TNS) after spinal anesthesia characterized, by postoperative discomfort within the buttocks or lower extremities are one of the neurological complications associated with spinal anesthesia.

Objective:
To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with TNS.

Methods:
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used for patients who underwent elective surgery under spinal anesthesia from 1 February 2021 until 30 April 2021. The sample size was 215. The data collection method included chart review and patient interviews. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 computer program. The association between independent factors and the outcome variable was determined by binomial logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression analysis and a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Result:
Of the 215 patients who participated in our study and the prevalence of TNS after spinal anesthesia was 10.2%. Factors that were assessed to be associated with TNS were large body mass index (BMI) (AOR = 2.9 and 95% CI: 1.03–8.43) and lithotomy surgical position (AOR = 3.64 and 95% CI: 1.19–11.08).

Conclusion:
Our study result shaowed that the overall prevalence of TNS after spinal anesthesia was 10.2%. Compared with other studies the prevalence of TNS in our study was lower. A higher BMI and lithotomy surgical position have a significant relationship with the incidence of TNS.
Ethics in Global Plastic Surgery Missions
Authors: Chikoti Rishika , Leon Samantha Joy , Thornburg Danielle , Kandi Lyndsay , Morris Bryn , Rebecca Alanna , Casey William , Howard Michael A. , Teven Chad M. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Delivering ethical care in global plastic surgery is challenging due to the unique complexities of resource-limited settings. Additionally, the rise of medical tourism has highlighted the importance of informed consent and awareness of the potential risks that are associated with seeking medical care in foreign countries. This article aims to consider core medical ethics principles and apply them in the context of delivering global plastic surgery.

Methods:
This article examines the application of the four core medical ethics principles in a framework set forth by Beauchamp and Childress, namely autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, in the context of delivering plastic surgery in international settings. A literature review was performed, where all potential global plastic surgery articles were reviewed to better understand the application of the four core medical ethics framework in this context.

Results:
Increased communication between visiting surgeons and local healthcare providers; heightened education of surgeons traveling to low-to-middle-income countries regarding local medical practices, resource availability, and cultural norms before providing surgical education; and a greater emphasis on collecting and publishing data analyzing short- and long-term outcomes in low-to-middle-income countries are all likely to improve the success of international medical missions, ensuring that all patients receive medical treatment in a manner that upholds Beauchamp and Childress’ four core medical ethics principles.

Conclusion:
Providing plastic and reconstructive surgery abroad can be done ethically if the four main principles of medical ethics (respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice) are used.
6/0 PROLENE DOUBLE-FLANGED INTRAOCULAR LENS SUTURELESS SCLERAL FIXATION WITH A 27-GAUGE NEEDLE FOR INTRAOCULAR LENS SURGERY
Authors: Pao Shu-I. , Chang Yun-Hsiang , Chen Jiann-Torng 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To report the initial experience of a modified intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation technique using 6/0 prolene in a double-flanged sutureless technique with a 27-gauge needle.

Methods:
Twenty-nine consecutive patients with IOL surgery were retrospectively reviewed between December 2021 and October 2023. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism axial degree, and intraocular pressure were evaluated at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Surgery-related complications were evaluated during follow-up.

Results:
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters or SE at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months postoperation was significantly improved compared with baseline levels. Patients with younger (estimate [SE] = 8.011 [2.485], P = 0.006), preoperative lens drop (estimate [SE] = 8.621 [2.906], P = 0.009), idiopathic cataract (estimate [SE] = 6.021 [2.099], P = 0.048), high baseline Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (estimate [SE] = 15.449 [2.352], P < 0.001), or low baseline SE (estimate [SE] = 6.357 [2.406], P = 0.018) had the greatest improvement in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters during follow-up. Patients with preoperative lens or IOL dislocation had a greater postoperative SE improvement than those with preoperative lens or IOL subluxation (dislocation vs. subluxation: estimate [SE] = −189.235 [70.692], P = 0.016). There were no cases of vitreous hemorrhage, cystoid macular edema, endophthalmitis, subluxation, or dislocation were observed during the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
This modified IOL scleral fixation technique is a simple, safe, and efficient method that avoids haptic manipulation and slippage, reduces postoperative complications, achieves completely sutureless surgery, and results in an achievement of surgical refractive goals.
The role of neutrophils in pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies
Authors: Huerta Miguel Á. , Molina-Álvarez Miguel , García Miguel M. , Tejada Miguel A. , Goicoechea Carlos , Ghasemlou Nader , Ruiz-Cantero M. Carmen , Cobos Enrique J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The peripheral inflammatory response is an attractive therapeutic target for pain treatment. Neutrophils are the first circulating inflammatory cells recruited to sites of injury, but their contribution to pain outcomes is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of original preclinical studies, which evaluated the effect of preemptive neutrophil depletion on pain outcomes (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022364004). Literature search (PubMed, January 19, 2023) identified 49 articles, which were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. The risk of bias was evaluated using SYRCLE's tool. The pooled effect considering all studies showed that neutrophil depletion induced a consistent pain reduction. Inflammatory, joint, neuropathic, and visceral pain showed significant pain alleviation by neutrophil depletion with medium-large effect sizes. However, muscle and postoperative pain were not significantly alleviated by neutrophil depletion. Further analysis showed a differential contribution of neutrophils to pain outcomes. Neutrophils had a higher impact on mechanical hyperalgesia, followed by nociceptive behaviors and mechanical allodynia, with a smaller contribution to thermal hyperalgesia. Interspecies (mice or rats) differences were not appreciated. Analyses regarding intervention unveiled a lower pain reduction for some commonly used methods for neutrophil depletion, such as injection of antineutrophil serum or an anti–Gr-1 antibody, than for other agents such as administration of an anti-Ly6G antibody, fucoidan, vinblastine, CXCR1/2 inhibitors, and etanercept. In conclusion, the contribution of neutrophils to pain depends on pain etiology (experimental model), pain outcome, and the neutrophil depletion strategy. Further research is needed to improve our understanding on the mechanisms of these differences.