bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics in dominant runoff sources and flow paths in the Andean Páramo
Authors: Correa Alicia , Windhorst David , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Crespo Patricio , Célleri Rolando , Feyen Jan , Breuer Lutz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe relative importance of catchment's water provenance and flow paths varies in space and time, complicating the conceptualization of the rainfall‐runoff responses. We assessed the temporal dynamics in source areas, flow paths, and age by End Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA), hydrograph separation, and Inverse Transit Time Proxies (ITTPs) estimation within a headwater catchment in the Ecuadorian Andes. Twenty‐two solutes, stable isotopes, pH, and electrical conductivity from a stream and 12 potential sources were analyzed. Four end‐members were required to satisfactorily represent the hydrological system, i.e., rainfall, spring water, and water from the bottom layers of Histosols and Andosols. Water from Histosols in and near the riparian zone was the highest source contributor to runoff throughout the year (39% for the drier season, 45% for the wetter season), highlighting the importance of the water that is stored in the riparian zone. Spring water contributions to streamflow tripled during the drier season, as evidenced by geochemical signatures that are consistent with deeper flow paths rather than shallow interflow through Andosols. Rainfall exhibited low seasonal variation in this contribution. Hydrograph separation revealed that 94% and 84% is preevent water in the drier and wetter seasons, respectively. From low‐flow to high‐flow conditions, all the sources increased their contribution except spring water. The relative age of stream water decreased during wetter periods, when the contributing area of the riparian zone expands. The multimethod and multitracer approach enabled to closely study the interchanging importance of flow processes and water source dynamics from an interannual perspective.
Large‐scale inverse model analyses employing fast randomized data reduction
Authors: Lin Youzuo , Le Ellen B. , O'Malley Daniel , Vesselinov Velimir V. , Bui‐Thanh Tan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen the number of observations is large, it is computationally challenging to apply classical inverse modeling techniques. We have developed a new computationally efficient technique for solving inverse problems with a large number of observations (e.g., on the order of 107 or greater). Our method, which we call the randomized geostatistical approach (RGA), is built upon the principal component geostatistical approach (PCGA). We employ a data reduction technique combined with the PCGA to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the memory usage. Specifically, we employ a randomized numerical linear algebra technique based on a so‐called “sketching” matrix to effectively reduce the dimension of the observations without losing the information content needed for the inverse analysis. In this way, the computational and memory costs for RGA scale with the information content rather than the size of the calibration data. Our algorithm is coded in Julia and implemented in the MADS open‐source high‐performance computational framework (http://mads.lanl.gov). We apply our new inverse modeling method to invert for a synthetic transmissivity field. Compared to a standard geostatistical approach (GA), our method is more efficient when the number of observations is large. Most importantly, our method is capable of solving larger inverse problems than the standard GA and PCGA approaches. Therefore, our new model inversion method is a powerful tool for solving large‐scale inverse problems. The method can be applied in any field and is not limited to hydrogeological applications such as the characterization of aquifer heterogeneity.
SedCT: MATLAB™ tools for standardized and quantitative processing of sediment core computed tomography (CT) data collected using a medical CT scanner
Authors: Reilly B. T. , Stoner J. S. , Wiest J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) of sediment cores allows for high‐resolution images, three‐dimensional volumes, and down core profiles. These quantitative data are generated through the attenuation of X‐rays, which are sensitive to sediment density and atomic number, and are stored in pixels as relative gray scale values or Hounsfield units (HU). We present a suite of MATLAB™ tools specifically designed for routine sediment core analysis as a means to standardize and better quantify the products of CT data collected on medical CT scanners. SedCT uses a graphical interface to process Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files, stitch overlapping scanned intervals, and create down core HU profiles in a manner robust to normal coring imperfections. Utilizing a random sampling technique, SedCT reduces data size and allows for quick processing on typical laptop computers. SedCTimage uses a graphical interface to create quality tiff files of CT slices that are scaled to a user‐defined HU range, preserving the quantitative nature of CT images and easily allowing for comparison between sediment cores with different HU means and variance. These tools are presented along with examples from lacustrine and marine sediment cores to highlight the robustness and quantitative nature of this method.
Large‐scale fluid‐deposited mineralization in Margaritifer Terra, Mars
Authors: Thomas Rebecca J. , Potter‐McIntyre Sally L. , Hynek Brian M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMineral deposits precipitated from subsurface‐sourced fluids are a key astrobiological detection target on Mars, due to the long‐term viability of the subsurface as a habitat for life and the ability of precipitated minerals to preserve biosignatures. We report morphological and stratigraphic evidence for ridges along fractures in impact crater floors in Margaritifer Terra. Parallels with terrestrial analog environments and the regional context indicate that two observed ridge types are best explained by groundwater‐emplaced cementation in the shallow subsurface and higher‐temperature hydrothermal deposition at the surface, respectively. Both mechanisms have considerable astrobiological significance. Finally, we propose that morphologically similar ridges previously documented at the Mars 2020 landing site in NE Syrtis Major may have formed by similar mechanisms.
The fracture energy of ruptures driven by flash heating
Authors: Brantut Nicolas , Viesca Robert C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a model for dynamic weakening of faults based on local flash heating at microscopic asperity contacts coupled to bulk heating at macroscopic scale. We estimate the fracture energy G associated with that rheology and find that for constant slip rate histories G scales with slip δ as
at small slip, while
at large slip. This prediction is quantitatively consistent with data from laboratory experiments conducted on dry rocks at constant slip rate. We also estimate G for crack‐like ruptures propagating at constant speed and find that
in the large slip limit. Quantitative estimates of G in that regime tend to be several orders of magnitude lower than seismologically inferred values of G. We conclude that while flash heating provides a consistent explanation for the observed dynamic weakening in laboratory experiments with kinematically imposed slip, its contribution to the energy dissipation during earthquakes becomes negligible for large events when considering the elastodynamic coupling between strength and slip evolution.
Mantle flow through a tear in the Nazca slab inferred from shear wave splitting
Authors: Lynner Colton , Anderson Megan L. , Portner Daniel E. , Beck Susan L. , Gilbert Hersh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA tear in the subducting Nazca slab is located between the end of the Pampean flat slab and normally subducting oceanic lithosphere. Tomographic studies suggest mantle material flows through this opening. The best way to probe this hypothesis is through observations of seismic anisotropy, such as shear wave splitting. We examine patterns of shear wave splitting using data from two seismic deployments in Argentina that lay updip of the slab tear. We observe a simple pattern of plate‐motion‐parallel fast splitting directions, indicative of plate‐motion‐parallel mantle flow, beneath the majority of the stations. Our observed splitting contrasts previous observations to the north and south of the flat slab region. Since plate‐motion‐parallel splitting occurs only coincidentally with the slab tear, we propose mantle material flows through the opening resulting in Nazca plate‐motion‐parallel flow in both the subslab mantle and mantle wedge.
Time lag between deformation and seismicity along monogenetic volcanic unrest periods: The case of El Hierro Island (Canary Islands)
Authors: Lamolda Héctor , Felpeto Alicia , Bethencourt Abelardo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBetween 2011 and 2014 there were at least seven episodes of magmatic intrusion in El Hierro Island, but only the first one led to a submarine eruption in 2011–2012. In order to study the relationship between GPS deformation and seismicity during these episodes, we compare the temporal evolution of the deformation with the cumulative seismic energy released. In some of the episodes both deformation and seismicity evolve in a very similar way, but in others a time lag appears between them, in which the deformation precedes the seismicity. Furthermore, a linear correlation between decimal logarithm of intruded magma volume and decimal logarithm of total seismic energy released along the different episodes has been observed. Therefore, if a future magmatic intrusion in El Hierro Island follows this behavior with a proper time lag, we could have an a priori estimate on the order of magnitude the seismic energy released would reach.
Estimating water retention curves and strength properties of unsaturated sandy soils from basic soil gradation parameters
Authors: Wang Ji‐Peng , Hu Nian , François Bertrand , Lambert Pierre 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study proposed two pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate sandy soil water retention curves. It is based on the van Genuchten's water retention model and from a semiphysical and semistatistical approach. Basic gradation parameters of
as particle size at 60% passing and the coefficient of uniformity
are employed in the PTFs with two idealized conditions, the monosized scenario and the extremely polydisperse condition, satisfied. Water retention tests are carried out on eight granular materials with narrow particle size distributions as supplementary data of the UNSODA database. The air entry value is expressed as inversely proportional to
and the parameter
, which is related to slope of water retention curve, is a function of
. The proposed PTFs, although have fewer parameters, have better fitness than previous PTFs for sandy soils. Furthermore, by incorporating with the suction stress definition, the proposed pedotransfer functions are imbedded in shear strength equations which provide a way to estimate capillary induced tensile strength or cohesion at a certain suction or degree of saturation from basic soil gradation parameters. The estimation shows quantitative agreement with experimental data in literature, and it also explains that the capillary‐induced cohesion is generally higher for materials with finer mean particle size or higher polydispersity.
Long‐Term Live‐Cell STED Nanoscopy of Primary and Cultured Cells with the Plasma Membrane HIDE Probe DiI‐SiR
Authors: Thompson Alexander D. , Omar Mitchell H. , Rivera‐Molina Felix , Xi Zhiqun , Koleske Anthony J. , Toomre Derek K. , Schepartz Alanna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSuper‐resolution imaging of live cells over extended time periods with high temporal resolution requires high‐density labeling and extraordinary fluorophore photostability. Herein, we achieve this goal by combining the attributes of the high‐density plasma membrane probe DiI‐TCO and the photostable STED dye SiR‐Tz. These components undergo rapid tetrazine ligation within the plasma membrane to generate the HIDE probe DiI‐SiR. Using DiI‐SiR, we visualized filopodia dynamics in HeLa cells over 25 min at 0.5 s temporal resolution, and visualized dynamic contact‐mediated repulsion events in primary mouse hippocampal neurons over 9 min at 2 s temporal resolution. HIDE probes such as DiI‐SiR are non‐toxic and do not require transfection, and their apparent photostability significantly improves the ability to monitor dynamic processes in live cells at super‐resolution over biologically relevant timescales.
From a Molecular 2Fe‐2Se Precursor to a Highly Efficient Iron Diselenide Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Panda Chakadola , Menezes Prashanth W. , Walter Carsten , Yao Shenglai , Miehlich Matthias E. , Gutkin Vitaly , Meyer Karsten , Driess Matthias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA highly active FeSe2 electrocatalyst for durable overall water splitting was prepared from a molecular 2Fe‐2Se precursor. The as‐synthesized FeSe2 was electrophoretically deposited on nickel foam and applied to the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER, respectively) in alkaline media. When used as an oxygen‐evolution electrode, a low 245 mV overpotential was achieved at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, representing outstanding catalytic activity and stability because of Fe(OH)2/FeOOH active sites formed at the surface of FeSe2. Remarkably, the system is also favorable for the HER. Moreover, an overall water‐splitting setup was fabricated using a two‐electrode cell, which displayed a low cell voltage and high stability. In summary, the first iron selenide material is reported that can be used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the OER and HER, as well as overall water splitting.
Adding Azathioprine to Remission‐Induction Glucocorticoids for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss), Microscopic Polyangiitis, or Polyarteritis Nodosa Without Poor Prognosis Factors
Authors: Puéchal Xavier , Pagnoux Christian , Baron Gabriel , Quémeneur Thomas , Néel Antoine , Agard Christian , Lifermann François , Liozon Eric , Ruivard Marc , Godmer Pascal , Limal Nicolas , Mékinian Arsène , Papo Thomas , Ruppert Anne‐Marie , Bourgarit Anne , Bienvenu Boris , Geffray Loïck , Saraux Jean‐Luc , Diot Elisabeth , Crestani Bruno , Delbrel Xavier , Sailler Laurent , Cohen Pascal , Le Guern Véronique , Terrier Benjamin , Groh Matthieu , Le Jeunne Claire , Mouthon Luc , Ravaud Philippe , Guillevin Loïc ,   the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveIn most patients with nonsevere systemic necrotizing vasculitides (SNVs), remission is achieved with glucocorticoids alone, but one‐third experience a relapse within 2 years. This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of azathioprine (AZA) to glucocorticoids could achieve a higher sustained remission rate of newly diagnosed nonsevere eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss) (EGPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), or polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).MethodsAll patients included in this double‐blind trial received glucocorticoids, gradually tapered over 12 months, and were randomized to receive AZA or placebo for 12 months, with stratification according to SNV (EGPA or MPA/PAN). The primary end point was the combined rate of remission induction failures and minor or major relapses at month 24.ResultsNinety‐five patients (51 with EGPA, 25 with MPA, and 19 with PAN) met the inclusion criteria, were randomized, and received at least 1 dose of AZA (n = 46) or placebo (n = 49). At month 24, 47.8% of the patients receiving AZA versus 49% of the patients receiving placebo had remission induction failures or relapses (P = 0.86). Secondary end points were comparable between the AZA and placebo arms. These included initial remission rate (95.7% versus 87.8%), total relapse rate (44.2% versus 40.5%), and glucocorticoid use. Two patients in the placebo arm died; 22 patients in the AZA arm (47.8%) and 23 patients in the placebo arm (46.9%) experienced ≥1 severe adverse event. For EGPA patients, the primary end point (48% in the AZA arm versus 46.2% in the placebo arm) and the percent of patients who experienced asthma/rhinosinusitis exacerbations (24% in the AZA arm versus 19.2% in the placebo arm) were comparable between treatment arms.ConclusionAddition of AZA to glucocorticoids for the induction of remission of nonsevere SNVs does not improve remission rates, lower relapse risk, spare steroids, or diminish the EGPA asthma/rhinosinusitis exacerbation rate.
Systematic review of management of chronic pain after surgery
Authors: Wylde V , Dennis J , Beswick A D , Bruce J , Eccleston C , Howells N , Peters T J , Gooberman-Hill R 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPain present for at least 3 months after a surgical procedure is considered chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and affects 10–50 per cent of patients. Interventions for CPSP may focus on the underlying condition that indicated surgery, the aetiology of new-onset pain or be multifactorial in recognition of the diverse causes of this pain. The aim of this systematic review was to identify RCTs of interventions for the management of CPSP, and synthesize data across treatment type to estimate their effectiveness and safety.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2016. Trials of pain interventions received by patients at 3 months or more after surgery were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.ResultsSome 66 trials with data from 3149 participants were included. Most trials included patients with chronic pain after spinal surgery (25 trials) or phantom limb pain (21 trials). Interventions were predominantly pharmacological, including antiepileptics, capsaicin, epidural steroid injections, local anaesthetic, neurotoxins, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists and opioids. Other interventions included acupuncture, exercise, postamputation limb liner, spinal cord stimulation, further surgery, laser therapy, magnetic stimulation, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mirror therapy and sensory discrimination training. Opportunities for meta-analysis were limited by heterogeneity. For all interventions, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on effectiveness.ConclusionThere is a need for more evidence about interventions for CPSP. High-quality trials of multimodal interventions matched to pain characteristics are needed to provide robust evidence to guide management of CPSP.
Characterization and discrimination of raw and vinegar‐baked Bupleuri radix based on UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Lei Tianli , Chen Shifeng , Wang Kai , Zhang Dandan , Dong Lin , Lv Chongning , Wang Jing , Lu Jincai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBupleuri Radix is a commonly used herb in clinic, and raw and vinegar‐baked Bupleuri Radix are both documented in the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China. According to the theories of traditional Chinese medicine, Bupleuri Radix possesses different therapeutic effects before and after processing. However, the chemical mechanism of this processing is still unknown. In this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square‐discriminant analysis was developed to holistically compare the difference between raw and vinegar‐baked Bupleuri Radix for the first time. As a result, 50 peaks in raw and processed Bupleuri Radix were detected, respectively, and a total of 49 peak chemical compounds were identified. Saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, saikosaponin b3, saikosaponin e, saikosaponin c, saikosaponin b2, saikosaponin b1, 4′′‐O‐acetyl‐saikosaponin d, hyperoside and 3′,4′‐dimethoxy quercetin were explored as potential markers of raw and vinegar‐baked Bupleuri Radix. This study has been successfully applied for global analysis of raw and vinegar‐processed samples. Furthermore, the underlying hepatoprotective mechanism of Bupleuri Radix was predicted, which was related to the changes of chemical profiling.
Determination of tigecycline in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to population pharmacokinetics study in Chinese patients with hospital‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Shao Rong , Li Xingang , Hu Yangmin , Chen Jinliang , Lou Honggang , Dai Haibin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA selective, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of tigecycline (TGC) in human plasma, using tigecycline‐d9 as an internal standard (IS). Analytical samples were prepared using a protein precipitation method coupled with a concentration process. The analyte and IS were separated on a reversed‐phase Waters Acquity UPLC® BEH‐C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm i.d., 1.7 μm) with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water, containing 0.2% formic acid (v/v) with 10 mm ammonium formate (A) and acetonitrile (B). The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring mode through electrospray ionization ion mode using the transitions of m/z 586.2 → 513.1 and m/z 595.1 → 514.0 for TGC and IS, respectively. The linearity of the method was in the range of 10–5000 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐batch precision (CV) for TGC was <9.27%, and the accuracy ranged from 90.06 to 107.13%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of samples from hospital‐acquired pneumonia patients treated with TGC, and a validated population pharmacokinetic model was established. This developed method could be useful to predict pharmacokinetics parameters and valuable for further pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies.
Small Molecules Inspired by the Natural Product Withanolides as Potent Inhibitors of Wnt Signaling
Authors: Sheremet Michael , Kapoor Shobhna , Schröder Peter , Kumar Kamal , Ziegler Slava , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWnt signaling is a fundamental pathway that drives embryonic development and is essential for stem cell maintenance and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling is linked to various diseases, and a constitutively active Wnt pathway drives tumorigenesis. Thus, disruption of the Wnt response is deemed a promising strategy for cancer drug discovery. However, only few clinical drug candidates that target Wnt signaling are available so far, and new small‐molecule modulators of Wnt‐related processes are in high demand. Here we describe the synthesis of small molecules inspired by withanolide natural products by using a pregnenolone‐derived β‐lactone as the key intermediate that was transformed into a δ‐lactone appended to the D‐ring of the steroidal scaffold. This natural‐product‐inspired compound library contained potent inhibitors of Wnt signaling that act upstream of the destruction complex to stabilize Axin in a tankyrase‐independent manner.