bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swallowing and swallowing‐breathing interaction as predictors of intubation in Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Ogna Adam , Prigent Helene , Lejaille Michele , Samb Patricia , Sharshar Tarek , Annane Djillali , Lofaso Frederic , Orlikowski David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundBulbar weakness and respiratory impairment have been associated with increased morbidity in retrospective studies of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) patients. The aim of this study was to prospectively explore the relationship between subclinical swallowing impairment, respiratory function parameters, the necessity to intubate patients and the development of early postintubation pneumonia in patients with GBS in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsRespiratory, swallowing, and tongue strength parameters were measured in 30 consecutive adults (51.7 ± 18.1 years old), hospitalized for GBS in the ICU of a teaching hospital. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group. The primary outcomes were intubation and pneumonia during the ICU stay.ResultsNineteen patients (65.5%) had piecemeal swallowing, and 19 (65.5%) had impaired breathing‐swallowing interaction, of which, respectively, 47.4% and 52.6% had a clinically apparent swallowing impairment. Swallowing impairment was associated with lower values of respiratory function, but not with peripheral motor weakness. Tongue protrusion strength was correlated with respiratory parameters and swallowing impairment. Ten patients were intubated and six developed pneumonia. Age, BMI, severe axial involvement, respiratory parameters (vital capacity and respiratory muscle strength), tongue protrusion strength, and clinical swallowing impairment were predictors of intubation.ConclusionsSwallowing impairment was present early after ICU admission in over 80% of patients and was an important predictor of intubation. A systematic clinical evaluation of swallowing should be carried out, eventually combined with an evaluation of tongue protrusion strength, along with the usual assessment of neurological and respiratory function, to determine the severity of the GBS.
Premature pubarche in a child with abnormal 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase function and Klinefelter syndrome: the intriguing relationship between androgen deficiency and excess
Authors: Gortakowski Michele , Conroy Rushika , Aguiar Luisa , Allen Holley 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessageDisorders of androgen excess may coexist with disorders of androgen deficiency, such as Klinefelter syndrome, and can create diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Development of myasthenia gravis 8 years after interstitial lung disease associated with antisynthetase (anti‐EJ antibody) syndrome
Authors: Ishiguro Takashi , Kagiyama Naho , Kawate Eriko , Odashima Kyuto , Takaku Yotaro , Kurashima Kazuyoshi , Takayanagi Noboru 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessagePatients with antisynthetase‐positive interstitial lung disease (ILD) alone sometimes develop myositis during follow‐up, but myasthenia gravis (MG) overlapping on antisynthetase syndrome is unusual. A 56‐year‐old woman with ILD and anti‐EJ antibody treated for 8 years developed MG. Physicians should consider myositis and MG when patients develop muscle symptoms during follow‐up.
Neglected nontoxic multinodular goiter presented as a large neck mass
Authors: Papadatos Stamatis S. , Mylonas Stefanos , Zissis Christos , Galani Vasiliki 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessageLarge multinodular goiters, obvious to the naked eye, are rarely confronted by clinicians nowadays; yet they do have a place in the differential diagnosis of the neck masses. Due to the fact that 80% of the neck masses in adults are related to malignancy, the later should be ruled out.
Double Core–Shell Si@C@SiO2 for Anode Material of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Cycling Stability
Authors: Yang Tao , Tian Xiaodong , Li Xiao , Wang Kai , Liu Zhanjun , Guo Quangui , Song Yan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) composed of silicon (Si) anodes suffer from severe capacity decay because of the volume expansion deriving from the formation of Li15Si4 alloy. In this study, we prepared a double core–shell Si@C@SiO2 nanostructure by the modified Stöber method. In the process of Si lithiation, the carbon layer alleviates the large pressure slightly then the silica shell restricts the lithiation degree of Si. The combination of carbon interlayer and silica shell guarantees structural integrity and avoids further decay of capacity because of the formation of stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) films. The resultant Si@C@SiO2 presents remarkable cycling stability with capacity decay of averagely 0.03 % per cycle over 305 cycles at 200 mA g−1, an improvement on Si@C (0.22 %) by more than a factor of 7. This encouraging result demonstrates that the designation involved in this work is effective for mitigating the capacity decay of Si‐based anodes for LIBs.
Modelling and optimization of exhaust pollutants and the properties and characteristics of ethanol‐diesel through a statistical approach
Authors: Mehri Behrouz , Pirouzfar Vahid , Bagheri Shahrzad , Pedram Mona Zamani 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis work assesses the influence of diesel additives on chemico‐physical properties (flash point, density, viscosity, and cetane number) and exhaust emissions (CO, CO2, nitrogen oxides, and soot). Experimental tests are performed in a 4‐cylinder turbocharged, common rail direct injection engine. Experiments are conducted in different percentages of ethanol (5 and 10 %) and nitrogenate additives (2 and 5 %). The current essay applies various types of tertiary additives (nitro methane, nitro ethane, and 2‐methoxy ethyl ether). All the compositions of ethanol in the diesel make the cetane index, flash point, density, and viscosity reduce. In contrast, these properties get enhanced by adding tertiary additives. Experimental studies demonstrate that nitro ethane is more effective on the decrease of soot emissions and the increase of CO, CO2, and nitrogen oxides.
Microwave‐promoted Synthesis of Novel Fused Osthole Analogues
Authors: Zhang Mingzhi , Zhang Rongrong , Wang Jiaqun , Yu Xiang , Zhang Yaling , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Weihua 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOsthole is a natural coumarin derivative and has a broad scope of biological activities. Two series of novel fused osthole analogues were designed, and synthesized through a highly efficient microwave‐promoted synthetic protocol via the reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarins and β‐ketoesters. The reaction conditions including solvent, catalyst, microwave power and irradiation time were also optimized. The pyrano[3,2‐c]chromene‐2,5‐diones and furo[3,2‐c]coumarins were obtained through two distinct intramolecular cyclization processes, and the proposed mechanism was also discussed.
Antiviral and Antibacterial Activities of N‐(4‐Substituted phenyl) Acetamide Derivatives Bearing 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Moiety
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Peiyi , Li Zhenxing , Zhou Lei , Wu Zhibing , Song Baoan , Yang Song 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a series of N‐(4‐substituted phenyl) acetamide derivatives bearing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety were synthesised. Preliminary bioassays revealed that these compounds not only exhibited favourable antiviral activities toward tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) but also demonstrated sustained inhibition activities against plant pathogenic bacteria, including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Among the derivatives, TC8 and TC20 exerted the strongest curative activities against TMV, with half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 239.5 and 236.2 µg/mL, respectively, which were comparable to that of ningnanmycin (EC50=273.2 µg/mL). Given their simple synthesis, the target compounds can serve as alternative antiviral candidates.
Synthesis, Characterization of Star‐Shaped Analogue with Benzene Core and Three Naphthalene Diimide Side‐Arms
Authors: Hu Linli , Li Jinling , Huang Jie , Yin Jun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTwo star‐shaped molecules with benzene core and three naphthalene diimide (NDI) side arms were facilely prepared by two‐step imidization reaction from the 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Two compounds showed the similar UV–vis absorption band as well as NDI. It was found that they displayed bathochromic shift of their UV–vis absorption and emission spectra in film compared with that in solution, ascribing to the aggregation between molecules in the solid state. Reversible reduction process was observed by cyclic voltammetry and low lying LUMO energy levels (−3.83 eV for 1a, −3.87 eV for 1b) were deduced, which suggest that these two compounds possessed good electron‐acceptor property and can be used as potential n‐type materials.
Optimization Studies on Synthesis of TKX‐50
Authors: Golenko Yulia D. , Topchiy Maxim A. , Asachenko Andrey F. , Nechaev Mikhail S. , Pleshakov Dmitriy V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA systematic study of TKX‐50 and ABTOX synthesis using both Klapötke and Tselinskii modified procedures is described. The influence of temperature, moisture, acid amount and nature on the most critical synthesis step – diazidoglyoxime cyclization is shown. Experimental results show that presence of moisture in reaction mixture leads to product yield decreasing. The reaction temperature is another key parameter affecting product yield. High reaction temperature shows negative influence on the product yield in Klapötke method. In Tselinskii procedure the yield of product grows with the reaction temperature increasing. For Klapötke one‐pot method, combination of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone with 1,4‐dioxane is the best solvent, whereas Tselinskii one‐pot procedure gives high yield of product when combination of toluene with 0.5 equiv. of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) is used. Using optimized conditions one‐pot five‐step synthesis of TKX‐50 starting from glyoxime is successfully performed and scaled up to 50 g.
Synthesis of 1,3,4,6‐Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐l‐gulose
Authors: Che Rui , Liu Xingui , Lu Wei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA novel, practical and concise synthesis of 1,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐l‐gulose is described, using d‐glucuronolactone as the starting material and other inexpensive and readily available agents (22% overall yield in 9 steps). With this method, the synthesis of l‐gulose and the tumor‐targeting disaccharide of BLMs can be more efficient and convenient.
Dynamics of the sealing zone in cultured osteoclasts
Authors: Batsir Sarit , Geiger Benjamin , Kam Zvi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) depends on the formation and stability of the sealing zone (SZ), a peripheral belt of actin and integrin‐based podosomes. Recent studies demonstrated that the SZ is a highly dynamic structure, undergoing cycles of assembly and disassembly. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the regulation of SZ stability and reorganization in OCs cultured on glass slides, and forming an SZ‐like podosome belt (SZL). By monitoring this belt in cultured RAW264.7 cells expressing GFP‐tagged actin, we show here that SZL stability is usually locally regulated, and its dissociation, occurring mostly in concave segments, is manifested in the loss of both podosome coherence, and actin belt continuity. Double labeling of cells for actin and tubulin indicated that microtubules (MTs) are mostly confined by the inner aspect of the stable SZL‐associated actin belt. However, in unstable regions of the SZL, MTs tend to extend radially, across the SZL, toward the cell edge. Disruption of MTs by nocodazole induces SZ disassembly, without affecting individual podosome stability. Inspection of the MT network indicates that it is enriched along stable SZL regions, while bypassing disorganized regions. These results suggest that the SZL is stabilized by MTs flanking its inner aspect, while disruption or misalignment of MTs leads to SZL destabilization. We further demonstrate that the MT‐associated protein dynamin2 is involved in the regulation of SZL stability, and dynamin2 knockdown or inactivation cause SZL destabilization.
Anatomy and spatial organization of Müller glia in mouse retina
Authors: Wang Jingjing , O’Sullivan Matthew L. , Mukherjee Dibyendu , Puñal Vanessa M. , Farsiu Sina , Kay Jeremy N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMüller glia, the most abundant glia of vertebrate retina, have an elaborate morphology characterized by a vertical stalk that spans the retina and branches in each retinal layer. Müller glia play diverse, critical roles in retinal homeostasis, which are presumably enabled by their complex anatomy. However, much remains unknown, particularly in mouse, about the anatomical arrangement of Müller cells and their arbors, and how these features arise in development. Here we use membrane‐targeted fluorescent proteins to reveal the fine structure of mouse Müller arbors. We find sublayer‐specific arbor specializations within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) that occur consistently at defined laminar locations. We then characterize Müller glia spatial patterning, revealing how individual cells collaborate to form a pan‐retinal network. Müller cells, unlike neurons, are spread across the retina with homogenous density, and their arbor sizes change little with eccentricity. Using Brainbow methods to label neighboring cells in different colors, we find that Müller glia tile retinal space with minimal overlap. The shape of their arbors is irregular but nonrandom, suggesting that local interactions between neighboring cells determine their territories. Finally, we identify a developmental window at postnatal Days 6 to 9 when Müller arbors first colonize the synaptic layers beginning in stereotyped inner plexiform layer sublaminae. Together, our study defines the anatomical arrangement of mouse Müller glia and their network in the radial and tangential planes of the retina, in development and adulthood. The local precision of Müller glia organization suggests that their morphology is sculpted by specific cell to cell interactions with neurons and each other.
Survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset
Authors: Masri Rania A. , Percival Kumiko A. , Koizumi Amane , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn primate retina, the midget, parasol, and small bistratified cell populations form the large majority of ganglion cells. In addition, there is a variety of low‐density wide‐field ganglion cell types that are less well characterized. Here we studied retinal ganglion cells in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, using particle‐mediated gene transfer. Ganglion cells were transfected with an expression plasmid for the postsynaptic density 95–green fluorescent protein. The retinas were processed with established immunohistochemical markers for bipolar and/or amacrine cells to determine ganglion cell dendritic stratification. In total over 500 ganglion cells were classified based on their dendritic field size, morphology, and stratification in the inner plexiform layer. Over 17 types were distinguished, including midget, parasol, broad thorny, small bistratified, large bistratified, recursive bistratified, recursive monostratified, narrow thorny, smooth monostratified, large sparse, giant sparse (melanopsin) ganglion cells, and a group that may contain several as yet uncharacterized types. Assuming each characterized type forms a hexagonal mosaic, the midget and parasol cells account for over 80% of all ganglion cells in the central retina but only ∼50% of cells in the peripheral (>2 mm) retina. We conclude that the fovea is dominated by midget and parasol cells, but outside the fovea the ganglion cell diversity in marmoset is likely as great as that reported for nonprimate retinas. Taken together, the ganglion cell types in marmoset retina resemble those described previously in macaque retina with respect to morphology, stratification, and change in proportion across the retina.
Cognitive Analytic Therapy for Bipolar Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Evans Mark , Kellett Stephen , Heyland Simon , Hall Jo , Majid Shazmin 
Published: December 2016

The evidence base for treatment of bipolar affective disorder (BD) demands the evaluation of new psychotherapies in order to broaden patient choice. This study reports on the feasibility, safety, helpfulness and effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT). In a pilot randomized controlled trial, BD patients in remission were randomized to either receiving 24 sessions of CAT (n = 9) or treatment as usual (n = 9) and were assessed in terms of symptoms, functioning and service usage over time. In the CAT arm no adverse events occurred, 8/9 completed treatment, 5/8 attended all 24 sessions and 2/8 were categorized as recovered. The most common helpful event during CAT was recognition of patterns in mood variability, with helpfulness themes changing according to phase of therapy. No major differences were found when comparing the arms over time in terms of service usage or psychometric outcomes. The study suggests that conducting further research into the effectiveness of CAT in treating BD is warranted and guidance regarding future trials is provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Treating BD with CAT appears feasible and safe.
Retaining fidelity to the reformulation, recognition and revision structure of CAT appears useful.
Participants stated that across the phases of CAT, focussing on patterns of mood variability was consistently helpful.
Cancer brings forward oviposition in the fly Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Arnal Audrey , Jacqueline Camille , Ujvari Beata , Leger Lucas , Moreno Céline , Faugere Dominique , Tasiemski Aurélie , Boidin‐Wichlacz Céline , Misse Dorothée , Renaud François , Montagne Jacques , Casali Andreu , Roche Benjamin , Mery Frédéric , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHosts often accelerate their reproductive effort in response to a parasitic infection, especially when their chances of future reproduction decrease with time from the onset of the infection. Because malignancies usually reduce survival, and hence potentially the fitness, it is expected that hosts with early cancer could have evolved to adjust their life‐history traits to maximize their immediate reproductive effort. Despite the potential importance of these plastic responses, little attention has been devoted to explore how cancers influence animal reproduction. Here, we use an experimental setup, a colony of genetically modified flies Drosophila melanogaster which develop colorectal cancer in the anterior gut, to show the role of cancer in altering life‐history traits. Specifically, we tested whether females adapt their reproductive strategy in response to harboring cancer. We found that flies with cancer reached the peak period of oviposition significantly earlier (i.e., 2 days) than healthy ones, while no difference in the length and extent of the fecundity peak was observed between the two groups of flies. Such compensatory responses to overcome the fitness‐limiting effect of cancer could explain the persistence of inherited cancer‐causing mutant alleles in the wild.
A fundamental study revisited: Quantitative evidence for territory quality in oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) usingGPSdata loggers
Authors: Schwemmer Philipp , Weiel Stefan , Garthe Stefan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA fundamental study by Ens et al. (1992,Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 703) developed the concept of two different nest‐territory qualities in Eurasian oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus, L.), resulting in different reproductive successes. “Resident” oystercatchers use breeding territories close to the high‐tide line and occupy adjacent foraging territories on mudflats. “Leapfrog” oystercatchers breed further away from their foraging territories. In accordance with this concept, we hypothesized that both foraging trip duration and trip distance from the high‐tide line to the foraging territory would be linearly related to distance between the nest site and the high tide line. We also expected tidal stage and time of day to affect this relationship.The former study used visual observations of marked oystercatchers, which could not be permanently tracked. This concept model can now be tested using miniaturizedGPSdevices able to record data at high temporal and spatial resolutions.Twenty‐nine oystercatchers from two study sites were equipped withGPSdevices during the incubation periods (however, not during chick rearing) over 3 years, providing data for 548 foraging trips. Trip distances from the high‐tide line were related to distance between the nest and high‐tide line. Tidal stage and time of day were included in a mixing model.Foraging trip distance, but not duration (which was likely more impacted by intake rate), increased with increasing distance between the nest and high‐tide line. There was a site‐specific effect of tidal stage on both trip parameters. Foraging trip duration, but not distance, was significantly longer during the hours of darkness.Our findings support and additionally quantify the previously developed concept. Furthermore, rather than separating breeding territory quality into two discrete classes, this classification should be extended by the linear relationship between nest‐site and foraging location. Finally, oystercatcher′s foraging territories overlapped strongly in areas of high food abundance.
Evaluating citizen science data for forecasting species responses to national forest management
Authors: Mair Louise , Harrison Philip J. , Jönsson Mari , Löbel Swantje , Nordén Jenni , Siitonen Juha , Lämås Tomas , Lundström Anders , Snäll Tord 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe extensive spatial and temporal coverage of many citizen science datasets (CSD) makes them appealing for use in species distribution modeling and forecasting. However, a frequent limitation is the inability to validate results. Here, we aim to assess the reliability of CSD for forecasting species occurrence in response to national forest management projections (representing 160,366 km2) by comparison against forecasts from a model based on systematically collected colonization–extinction data. We fitted species distribution models using citizen science observations of an old‐forest indicator fungus Phellinus ferrugineofuscus. We applied five modeling approaches (generalized linear model, Poisson process model, Bayesian occupancy model, and two MaxEnt models). Models were used to forecast changes in occurrence in response to national forest management for 2020‐2110. Forecasts of species occurrence from models based on CSD were congruent with forecasts made using the colonization–extinction model based on systematically collected data, although different modeling methods indicated different levels of change. All models projected increased occurrence in set‐aside forest from 2020 to 2110: the projected increase varied between 125% and 195% among models based on CSD, in comparison with an increase of 129% according to the colonization–extinction model. All but one model based on CSD projected a decline in production forest, which varied between 11% and 49%, compared to a decline of 41% using the colonization–extinction model. All models thus highlighted the importance of protected old forest for P. ferrugineofuscus persistence. We conclude that models based on CSD can reproduce forecasts from models based on systematically collected colonization–extinction data and so lead to the same forest management conclusions. Our results show that the use of a suite of models allows CSD to be reliably applied to land management and conservation decision making, demonstrating that widely available CSD can be a valuable forecasting resource.