bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave-assisted extraction and pharmacological evaluation of polysaccharides from Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Ben Salem Yosra , Abdelhamid Amal , Mkadmini Hammi Khaoula , Le Cerf Didier , Bouraoui Abderrahman , Majdoub Hatem 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction was employed for the isolation of polysaccharides from Posidonia oceanica (PPO). The extracting parameters were optimized adopting response surface methodology. The highest polysaccharide yield (2.55 ± 0.09%), which is in concordance with the predicted value (2.76%), was obtained under the following conditions: extraction time 60 s, liquid–solid ratio of 50:1 (mL/g) and power of 800 W. This polysaccharide, with molecular weight of 524 KDa, characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that PPO was mainly composed of galactose, glucose, and arabinose with molar percentages 25.38, 24.37, and 21.64%, respectively. The pharmacological evaluation of PPO using animal models at the dose of 100 mg/kg indicated a significant anti-inflammatory activity with a percentage of inhibition of edema of 54.65% and a significant antinociceptive activity with 78.91% inhibition of writhing for peripheral analgesic activity and an increase in the hot plate reaction time for central analgesic activity.
Seepage Zone Identification at Sutami Dam by Means of Geoelectrical Resistivity Data
Authors: Sunaryo  , Susilo A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A study with entitled Seepage Zone Identification At Sutami Dam By Means Of Geoelectrical Resistivity Data has been conducted. The aim of this study is to get the distribution of seepage zones in the Sutami dam body. Data acquisition has been done by using Oyo-EL McOhm Model 2119C equipment on the tracks along the side of the dam body, both downstream (exhaust) side for first and upstream (reservoir) side for second with pseudodepth section dipole-dipole configuration. Each track has a length of 400m and 380m respectively. The distance between the point electrode consists of 1 track with space (a) is 10m (n=8) and 3 tracks with a space (a) is 20m (n=8). Based on the results of data processing obtained are low resistivity values (ρ ≤ 9.57 Ωm), the moderate resistivity value (9.57 Ωm < ρ ≤ 320 Ωm), and high resistivity (ρ > 320 Ωm). The distribution of fracture zones associated with seepage zones for Sutami dam distributed over the surface to depth of 8-18 m, both upstream (reservoir) or downstream (exhaust) indicated by resistivity values 0.922 Ωm to 9.57 Ωm. The results of the 3D data processing indicates that the fracture zone is also distributed between the upstream (reservoir) and downstream (exhaust) of the Sutami dam body.
Store Formats, Market Structure, and Consumers’ Food Shopping Decisions
Authors: Volpe Richard , Jaenicke Edward C , Chenarides Lauren 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA growing literature in health and nutrition suggests that healthy foods are less available and more expensive at nontraditional store formats such as supercenters, convenience stores, and drug stores. We use Nielsen Homescan data to investigate the relationship between store format and the healthfulness of consumers’ grocery shopping. Accounting for a rich set of controls, as well as food retail market structure, we simultaneously estimate the healthfulness of consumers’ food purchases and the shares of food expenditure at traditional and nontraditional store formations. We find that healthier food choices are generally associated with higher food expenditure shares at supermarkets and supercenters and lower shares at drug stores and convenience stores. In addition, market concentration has a negative effect on shopping healthfulness.
Looking at the bigger picture: the importance of considering annual cycles in impact assessments illustrated in a migratory seabird species
Authors: Busch Malte , Garthe Stefan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Accurate assessment of the overall impacts of anthropogenic activities on mobile, migratory species requires cumulative year-round impact assessments covering their entire annual cycle. This study considers the type of information needed and the assessment tools required to implement such assessments. The developed concept is demonstrated by modelling year-round collisions of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) breeding on the German North Sea island of Helgoland with constructed and planned offshore wind farms across the species distributional range, in order to assess the endangerment status of the local population.
Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter spp. isolated in Spain from 2013 to 2015 produced a variety of carbapenemases including VIM-1, OXA-48, KPC-2, NDM-1 and VIM-2
Authors: Arana David M , Ortega Adriana , González-Barberá Eva , Lara Noelia , Bautista Verónica , Gómez-Ruíz Dolores , Sáez David , Fernández-Romero Sara , Aracil Belén , Pérez-Vázquez María , Campos José , Oteo Jesús ,   Spanish Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Programme Collaborating Group
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objectives
There is little information about carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter spp. We studied the molecular epidemiology and microbiological features of CP Citrobacter spp. isolates collected in Spain (2013–15).

Methods
In total, 119 isolates suspected of being CP by the EUCAST screening cut-off values were analysed. Carbapenemases and ESBLs were characterized using PCR and sequencing. The genetic relationship among Citrobacter freundii isolates was studied by PFGE.

Results
Of the 119 isolates, 63 (52.9%) produced carbapenemases, of which 37 (58.7%) produced VIM-1, 20 (31.7%) produced OXA-48, 12 (19%) produced KPC-2, 2 (3.2%) produced NDM-1 and 1 (1.6%) produced VIM-2; 9 C. freundii isolates co-produced VIM-1 plus OXA-48. Fourteen isolates (22.2%) also carried ESBLs: 8 CTX-M-9 plus SHV-12, 2 CTX-M-9, 2 SHV-12 and 2 CTX-M-15. Fifty-seven isolates (90.5%) were C. freundii, 4 (6.3%) were Citrobacter koseri, 1 (1.6%) was Citrobacter amalonaticus and 1 (1.6%) was Citrobacter braakii. By EUCAST breakpoints, eight (12.7%) of the CP isolates were susceptible to the four carbapenems tested. In the 53 CP C. freundii analysed by PFGE, a total of 44 different band patterns were observed. Four PFGE clusters were identified: cluster 1 included eight isolates co-producing VIM-1 and OXA-48; blaVIM-1 was carried in a class 1 integron (intI–blaVIM-1–aacA4–dfrB1–aadA1–catB2–qacEΔ1/sul1) and blaOXA-48 was carried in a Tn1999.2 transposon.

Conclusions
We observed the clonal and polyclonal spread of CP Citrobacter spp. across several Spanish geographical areas. Four species of Citrobacter spp. produced up to five carbapenemase types, including co-production of VIM-1 plus OXA-48. Some CP Citrobacter spp. isolates were susceptible to the four carbapenems tested, a finding with potential clinical implications.
A Research Agenda on Political Ideology in Consumer Research: A Commentary on Jung et al.’s “Blue and Red Voices”
Authors: Crockett David , Pendarvis Nicholas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Jung, Garbarino, Briley, and Wynhausen’s (this issue) findings, though intriguing, leave critical unanswered questions that warrant further inquiry into the role of political ideology on consumption. We posit three research questions that constitute a sociocultural research agenda on the role of political ideology on marketplace redress.
Selected Early-Season Insect Pests of Wheat in the United States and Factors Affecting Their Risks of Infestation
Authors: Hesler Louis S , Sappington Thomas W , Luttrell Randall G , Allen K Clint , Papiernik Sharon K 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae); cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae); and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are three common and important insect pests of seedling wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in the United States. Though less common as pests, false wireworms (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) may also be problematic in situations that favor wireworms. In addition, cereal aphids vector viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf, a serious and widespread wheat disease. Scientific journal publications, review articles, and management guidebooks on wheat insect pests were consulted to determine the extent and intensity that these pests impose on wheat production in the United States. Widespread outbreaks occur infrequently, but local outbreaks happen nearly every year for the three major pests and cause several millions of dollars in crop losses annually. Hessian fly perennially threatens wheat in the southeastern United States, and wireworms are persistent pests in northwestern wheat-production systems. Otherwise, the particular location and severity of outbreaks vary yearly and are largely unpredictable. However, particular agronomic practices can greatly reduce risk of infestation such as elimination of volunteer wheat and weedy hosts and planting wheat during periods of reduced pest abundance. In addition, resistant cultivars can limit Hessian fly and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia [Kurdjumov]) damage in some areas, but virulent biotypes of each pest complicate their management. Although several preemptive tactics reliably suppress infestations and barley yellow dwarf severity, they are not compatible in all agricultural systems. Consequently, insecticides are necessary in certain areas and within particular production systems to manage major early-season insect pests of wheat.
Can the observed E/B ratio for dust galactic foreground be explained by sub-Alfvénic turbulence?
Authors: Kandel D. , Lazarian A. , Pogosyan D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Recent Planck observations of dust polarization in the Galaxy have revealed that the power in E mode is twice that in B mode. Caldwell et al. have formulated a theoretical model in the context of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence and found it problematic to account for this result. In particular, they concluded that there is a very narrow range of theoretical parameters that could account for the observation. This poses a problem of whether the accepted description of MHD turbulence can apply to the interstellar medium. We revisit the problem and demonstrate that MHD turbulence corresponding to the high galactic latitudes range of Alfvén Mach numbers, i.e. MA ≲ 0.5, can successfully explain the available results for the E to B mode ratio.
Two-Stage En Bloc Resection of Multilevel Cervical Chordomas With Vertebral Artery Preservation: Operative Technique
Authors: Wang Xingwen , Eichbaum Eldan , Jian Fengzeng , Chou Dean 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
En bloc excision of cervical chordoma is a technically complex procedure, due to the involvement and closeness of the tumor to the spinal cord, cervical nerve roots, and vertebral arteries. Studies have previously shown that en bloc excision of chordomas with negative margins improves local control and prolongs disease-free survival compared with intralesional excision. True en bloc spondylectomy in the cervical spine is not feasible since bilateral vertebral artery sacrifice is not possible. However, for lateralized tumors, en bloc excision of chordoma can be performed with unilateral vertebral artery preservation by parasagittal osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the operative technique of performing en bloc excision of cervical chordoma via parasagittal osteotomy.

METHODS
Four patients underwent en bloc excision of multilevel cervical chordomas via parasagittal osteotomy between 2008 and 2016. These 4 cases of chordoma were at the upper-cervical, mid-cervical, and cervicothoracic regions. We analyzed the tumor location, oncological staging, surgical technique, and perioperative complications.

RESULTS
All 4 patients underwent en bloc excision of chordoma with expandable cage reconstruction and posterior instrumentation. Cervical nerve roots were sacrificed in 2 patients, and vertebral artery ligation was performed in 3 patients. Complications include new neurologic deficit, implant failure, and pharyngeal erosion after radiation. No tumor recurrence was seen.

CONCLUSION
Parasagittal osteotomy is a useful alternative to en bloc spondylectomy in the treatment of lateralized multilevel cervical chordoma, preserving one vertebral artery while still achieving an en bloc resection.
Block Copolymers: Thermodynamics, Dynamics, and Small-Angle Scattering
Authors: Trask Lee M. , Hernandez Nacu , Cochran Eric W. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article explores the dynamics, thermodynamics, and small-angle scattering of block copolymers. The goal is to determine what drives the applications of block copolymers, i.e. how block copolymers behave and how they are characterized. The article begins with a summary of the experimental data and various theories that comprise our understanding of block copolymer thermodynamics, with particular emphasis on phase behavior and especially the theory of microphase separation. It then considers topics related to block copolymer dynamics, including diffusion, viscoelasticity and rheology, shear-processing, and the kinetics of self-assembly. It also discusses small-angle scattering techniques as applied to block copolymer characterization, including scattering from ordered block copolymer melts.
The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat
Authors: Dezecache Guillaume , Grèzes Julie , Dahl Christoph D. 
Published: August 2017

Individual reactions to danger in humans are often characterized as antisocial and self-preservative. Yet, more than 50 years of research have shown that humans often seek social partners and behave prosocially when confronted by danger. This research has relied onpost hocverbal reports, which fall short of capturing the more spontaneous reactions to danger and determine their social nature. Real-world responses to danger are difficult to observe, due to their evanescent nature. Here, we took advantage of a series of photographs freely accessible online and provided by a haunted house attraction, which enabled us to examine the more immediate reactions to mild threat. Regarding the nature and structure of affiliative behaviour and their motivational correlates, we were able to analyse the distribution of gripping, a behaviour that could either be linked to self- or other-oriented protection. We found that gripping, an affiliative behaviour, was common, suggestive of the social nature of human immediate reactions to danger. We also found that, while gripping behaviour is quite stable across group sizes, mutual gripping dropped dramatically as group size increases. The fact that mutual gripping disappears when the number of available partners increases suggests that gripping behaviour most probably reflects a self-preservative motivation. We also found age class differences, with younger individuals showing more gripping but receiving little reciprocation. Also, the most exposed individuals received little mutual gripping. Altogether, these results suggest that primary reactions to threat in humans are driven by affiliative tendencies serving self-preservative motives.
Indole-3-Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase-dependent Auxin Synthesis Contributes to Virulence ofPseudomonas syringaeStrain DC3000
Authors: McClerklin Sheri A. , Lee Soon Goo , Nwumeh Ron , Jez Joseph M. , Kunkel Barbara N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe bacterial pathogenPseudomonas syringaemodulates plant hormone signaling to promote infection and disease development.P. syringaeuses several strategies to manipulate auxin physiology inArabidopsis thalianato promote pathogenesis, including synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the predominant form of auxin in plants, and production of virulence factors that alter auxin responses in the host; however, the role of pathogen-derived auxin inP. syringaepathogenesis is not well understood. Here we demonstrate thatP. syringaestrain DC3000 produces IAA via a previously uncharacterized pathway and identify a novel indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, AldA, that functions in IAA biosynthesis by catalyzing the NAD-dependent formation of IAA from indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld). Biochemical analysis and solving of the 1.9 Å resolution x-ray crystal structure reveal key features of AldA for IAA synthesis, including the molecular basis of substrate specificity. Disruption ofaldAand a close homolog,aldB, lead to reduced IAA production in culture and reduced virulence onA. thaliana.We use these mutants to explore the mechanism by which pathogen-derived auxin contributes to virulence and show that IAA produced by DC3000 suppresses salicylic acid-mediated defenses inA. thaliana.Thus, auxin is a DC3000 virulence factor that promotes pathogenicity by suppressing host defenses.Author SummaryPathogens have evolved multiple strategies for suppressing host defenses and modulating host physiology to promote colonization and disease development. For example, the plant pathogenPseudomonas syringaeuses several strategies to the manipulate hormone signaling of its hosts, including production of virulence factors that alter hormone responses in and synthesis of plant hormones or hormone mimics. Synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a common form of the plant hormone auxin, by many plant pathogens has been implicated in virulence. However, the role of pathogen-derived IAA during pathogenesis by leaf spotting pathogens such asP. syringaestrain DC3000 is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate thatP. syringaestrain DC3000 uses a previously uncharacterized biochemical pathway to synthesize IAA, catalyzed by a novel aldehyde dehydrogenase, AldA, and carry out biochemical and structural studies of the AldA protein to investigate AldA activity and substrate specificity. We also generate analdAmutant disrupted in IAA synthesis to show that IAA is a DC3000 virulence factor that promotes pathogenesis by suppressing host defense responses.
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Activity Are Associated with Individual Differences in Neural Indices of Selective Attention in Adults
Authors: Giuliano Ryan J. , Karns Christina M. , Bell Theodore A. , Petersen Seth , Skowron Elizabeth A. , Neville Helen J. , Pakulak Eric 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultiple theoretical frameworks posit that interactions between the autonomic nervous system and higher-order neural networks are crucial for cognitive regulation. However, few studies have directly examined the relationship between measures of autonomic physiology and brain activity during cognitive tasks, and fewer studies have examined both the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic branches when doing so. Here, 93 adults completed an event-related potential (ERP) auditory selective attention task concurrently with measures of parasympathetic activity (high-frequency heart rate variability; HF-HRV) and sympathetic activity (pre-ejection period; PEP). We replicate previous findings showing effects of selective attention on mean amplitude of the N1 ERP component (Hillyard et al., 1973; Coch et al., 2005), and extend this result to show that the effects of selective attention were associated with baseline values of HF-HRV and PEP. Individuals with higher resting HF-HRV and shorter resting PEP showed larger effects of selective attention on their ERPs. Follow-up regression models demonstrated that HF-HRV and PEP accounted for unique variance in selective attention effects on N1 mean amplitude. These results are consistent with the neurovisceral integration model, which posits that greater parasympathetic activity is a marker of increased cognitive capacity, as well as other theoretical models which emphasize the role of heightened sympathetic activity in more efficient attention-related processing. The present findings highlight the importance of autonomic physiology in the study of individual differences in neurocognitive function, and given the foundational role of selective attention across cognitive domains, suggest that both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may be key to understanding variability in brain function across a variety of cognitive tasks.
Impaired brain glymphatic flow in a rodent model of chronic liver disease and minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Hadjihambi Anna , Harrison Ian F. , Arias Natalia , Gallego-Durán Rocío , Hosford Patrick S. , Davies Nathan , Habtesion Abeba , Lythgoe Mark F. , Gourine Alexander V. , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeuronal function is exquisitely sensitive to alterations in extracellular environment. In patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), accumulation of metabolic waste products and noxious substances in the interstitial fluid of the brain may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment. In a rat model of chronic liver disease, we used an emerging dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI technique to assess the efficacy of the glymphatic system, which facilitates clearance of solutes from the brain. We identified discrete brain regions (olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) of altered glymphatic flow, which aligned with cognitive/behavioural deficits. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, this study provides the first experimental evidence of impaired glymphatic clearance in HE.
Pan-embryo cell dynamics of germlayer formation in zebrafish
Authors: Shah Gopi , Thierbach Konstantin , Schmid Benjamin , Reade Anna , Roeder Ingo , Scherf Nico , Huisken Jan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCell movements are coordinated across spatio-temporal scales to achieve precise positioning of organs during vertebrate gastrulation. In zebrafish, mechanisms governing such morphogenetic movements have so far only been studied within a local region or a single germlayer. Here, we present pan-embryo analyses of fate specification and dynamics of all three germlayers simultaneously within a gastrulating embryo, showing that cell movement characteristics are predominantly determined by its position within the embryo, independent of its germlayer identity. The spatially confined fate specification establishes a distinct distribution of cells in each germlayer during early gastrulation. The differences in the initial distribution are subsequently amplified by a unique global movement, which organizes the organ precursors along the embryonic body axis, giving rise to the blueprint of organ formation.