bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐residue diet fed to rabbits induces histomorphological and biomechanical remodeling of small intestine
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhao J. , Liao D. , Bao L. , Gregersen H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe composition of ingested food is important for the gut microbiome and intestinal homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that the structure and mechanical properties in the small intestine remodel significantly during fasting. However, it is not clear to what extent the intestinal mechanical properties changes when the composition of food is changed. This study aimed to investigate the passive biomechanical properties and intestinal tissue remodeling in rabbits fed a low‐residue diet.MethodsNew Zealand rabbits (control group n=6, intervention group n=7) were studied. Segments from duodenum, jejunum and ileum were excised. The intestinal diameter and length were obtained from digitized images of the segments at preselected luminal pressure levels and at no‐load and zero‐stress states. Circumferential and longitudinal stresses (force per area) and strains (deformation) were computed from the length, diameter and pressure data referenced to the zero‐stress state geometry. Histomorphometric data were also obtained.Key ResultsThe wet weight‐per‐unit length, wall thickness and wall area decreased in the intervention group (P<.05, P<.01). Histological measurement confirmed that the wall thickness decreased in all three segments, which was primarily due to mucosal thinning (P<.05). The opening angle tended to increase in all segments in the intervention group. Significant difference between the two groups was found for the jejunum (P<.05). Feeding the low‐residue diet shifted the circumferential stress‐strain curves in the intervention group to the right, indicating intestinal wall softening.Conclusions & InferencesLow‐residue diet in rabbits for 1 month induces location‐dependent histomorphometric and biomechanical remodeling of the intestine.
Temporal changes in contact lens comfort over a day of wear
Authors: Woods Craig A. , Bentley Sharon A. , Fonn Desmond 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeContact lens discomfort continues to be reported as the primary reason for soft lens discontinuation, regardless of new modalities and materials. The purpose of this analysis of comfort related data from a series of clinical studies was to review whether there was a difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic habitual lens wearers’ comfort responses over the course of the day.MethodsData from five independent non‐dispensing clinical studies were pooled and analysed. Participants in these studies were assigned to one of two groups depending on whether they were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic contact lens wearers according to a modified Subjective Evaluation of Symptoms of Dryness (SESOD) questionnaire. Masked participants were randomised to wear either a hydrogel or a silicone hydrogel contact lens and their ocular comfort was rated using a visual analogue scale on insertion and 2‐hourly during an 8‐hour period of a single lens wearing day.ResultsData from 103 participants were used, 58 in the symptomatic group and 45 in the asymptomatic group as determined by the SESOD questionnaire. There was no effect of lens material on comfort (p = 0.43). However, there was a significant interaction between symptoms and time. The difference in mean comfort between the symptomatic and asymptomatic group was significant at each time point (p < 0.05). However, comfort did not vary significantly over the day for the asymptomatic group (p = 0.87), whereas, there was a significant decline in mean comfort ratings for the symptomatic group from 84.6 ± 13.2 (S.D.) at insertion to 73.0 ± 18.5 at 8 hours (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn our study, changes in contact lens comfort over a day were independent of lens material but not symptoms. Symptomatic lens wearers reported a progressive decrease in comfort, whereas asymptomatic wearers did not. Therefore, asymptomatic wearers should not be used when measuring contact lens comfort in clinical studies. The exclusion of asymptomatic lens wearers would likely increase the sensitivity of comfort ratings as a measure in contact lens research.
Prevalence, types and awareness of glaucoma in a multi‐ethnic population in rural China: the Yunnan Minority Eye Study
Authors: Pan Chen‐Wei , Zhao Chun‐Hua , Yu Min‐Bin , Cun Qing , Chen Qin , Shen Wei , Li Jun , Xu Jian‐Gang , Yuan Yuansheng , Zhong Hua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence, types and awareness of glaucoma in a rural community in China and to examine possible ethnic variations.MethodsThe Yunnan Minority Eye Study was a multi‐ethnic community‐based eye survey using random cluster sampling strategies. 2133 Bai, 2205 Han and 2208 Yi Chinese aged 50 years or older participated in this study. Glaucoma including primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) and secondary glaucoma was defined based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria.ResultsThe overall age‐standardized prevalence of all glaucoma was 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–3.1%) in this population. It was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.1–1.9%) for POAG and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.9–1.6%) for PACG, respectively. Among 29 people with secondary glaucoma, 27 (93%) were blind in at least one eye. The presence of primary open‐angle glaucoma was associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.94; comparing men with women), Yi ethnicity (OR = 2.27; comparing Yi with Han people), higher IOP (OR = 1.09 per mmHg increase), and the presence of myopia (OR = 1.84). Of the 212 participants with glaucoma, only 38 (18%) were aware of the disease and had been diagnosed previously as having glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. Patients who were better educated tended to be aware of the disease.ConclusionsSignificant ethnic difference in the prevalence of POAG was observed in this study. The low awareness of glaucoma highlights the pressing need to increase public awareness of this potentially blinding condition in rural China.
A GENDER ANALYSIS OF WOMEN IN PUBLIC–PRIVATE–VOLUNTARY SECTOR ‘PARTNERSHIPS’
Authors: JOHNSTON KAREN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe nature of work and traditional notions of the public sector have been changing with increasing collaborative governance and delivery of public services among public, private and voluntary sector organizations. In theUK, governments at national and devolved levels of government have adopted collaborative governance for service delivery through various networks and partnerships. This article explores collaborative governance from a gender perspective, specifically the perceptions of women in public–private–voluntary sector partnerships. While previous research in this area has explored aspects of collaborative governance such as power, trust, accountability, decision‐making, performance, exchange of information and participation, there is very little research on women within these networks. The article therefore provides a gendered analysis, disaggregating survey data to better understand the dynamics, for women, of collaborative governance and partnerships among public, private and voluntary sector organizations.
Comparative cranial myology and biomechanics of Plateosaurus and Camarasaurus and evolution of the sauropod feeding apparatus
Authors: Button David J. , Barrett Paul M. , Rayfield Emily J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSauropodomorpha represents an important group of Mesozoic megaherbivores, and includes the largest terrestrial animals ever known. It was the first dinosaur group to become abundant and widespread, and its members formed a significant component of terrestrial ecosystems from the Late Triassic until the end of the Cretaceous. Both of these factors have been explained by their adoption of herbivory, but understanding the evolution of sauropodomorph feeding has been hampered by the scarcity of biomechanical studies. To address this, the jaw adductor musculature of the basal sauropodomorph Plateosaurus and the sauropod Camarasaurus have been reconstructed. These reconstructions provide boundary conditions for finite element models to assess differences in structural performance between the two taxa. Results demonstrate that Camarasaurus was capable of much greater bite forces than Plateosaurus, due to greater relative adductor muscle mass and shape changes to the mandible. The skull and mandible of Camarasaurus are also ‘stronger’ under static biting. The Plateosaurus mandible appears to compromise structural efficiency and force transmission in order to maintain relatively high jaw closure speed. This supports suggestions of facultative omnivory in basal sauropodomorph taxa. The expanded mandibular symphysis and ‘lateral plates’ of sauropods each lead to greater overall craniomandibular robustness, and may have been especially important in accommodating forces related to asymmetric loading. The functional roles of these characters, and observed general shape changes in increasing skull robustness, are consistent with hypotheses linking bulk‐herbivory with the origin of Sauropoda and the evolution of gigantism.
Genome‐wide association analysis reveals flowering‐related genes regulating rachis length in rice
Authors: Hu Yong , Huang Yong , Zhang Li , Zhao Hu , Liu Haiyang , Xing Yongzhong , Bai Xufeng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRachis length is correlated with panicle size in rice. Unveiling the genetic basis of rachis length is important for understanding the genetic regulation of panicle size. In this study, we performed a genomewide association study of rachis length using 529 rice accessions from two environments. In total, 20 loci were identified for rachis length and distributed across the 12 chromosomes except for chromosomes 2 and 5. Thirteen of the 20 loci were not linked to the cloned panicle size genes. Six flowering‐related genes, including the CCT domain‐containing genes Ghd7, Ghd7.1, Hd1, OsCCT1 and OsCO3 as well as Ehd1, were associated with rachis length in this study. These findings suggest that the network of these flowering‐related genes probably participates in the regulation of rachis length and thus affects panicle length and yield. Interestingly, haplotype analysis showed that OsCCT1 is a putative candidate gene which plays a key role in the variation of rachis length. Together, the genetic loci identified in this study could be used for rice breeding by marker‐assisted selection to improve grain yield.
Pheromone trail following in the ant Lasius niger: high accuracy and variability but no effect of task state
Authors: Czaczkes Tomer J. , Castorena Martin , Schürch Roger , Heinze Jürgen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe use of pheromone trails in ant colony organization is an important model for understanding collective decision‐making and complex adaptive systems. The ant Lasius niger L. (Hymenoptera: Fomicidae) is one of the main model organisms used for such studies. Key to understanding pheromone trail use by ants is knowing how well trails are followed. The results of a previous study suggest that L. niger trail following is poor, with between 60% and 70% accuracy at a T bifurcation. It is hypothesized that the true trail following accuracy is higher, and that the low accuracy reported previously is the result of a methodological error. Specifically, it is hypothesized that ‘task state’ (i.e. what the ants ‘thought they were doing’) affected pheromone following accuracy. In the present study, the task state of the ants is set experimentally to one of three states: scouting (completely naive), recruited (having information that food has been found, but not where it is) and shuttling (having a strong memory of the location of a food source). Trail following accuracy is tested for each group. Trail following is found to be more accurate than previously reported: 83%, 82% and 74% correct decisions for scouts, recruits and shuttlers, respectively. However, the difference between the three groups is not significant. Importantly, very high inter‐trial variation is reported both in the present study and in experiments from other research groups. This variation is unexplainable by trail strengths or colony‐level differences, and is highlighted as an important factor when experimentally measuring trail following.
Molar incisor hypomineralization in HIV‐infected children and adolescents
Authors: Andrade Natália Silva , Pontes Alessandra Silva , Paz Hélvis Enri de Sousa , de Moura Marcoeli Silva , Moura Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus , Lima Marina de Deus Mourade 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe objective was to determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among individuals between 7 and 15 years old infected or noninfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was conducted with 33 HIV‐infected individuals (study group; SG) and 66 non‐HIV‐infected schoolchildren (control group; CG), paired by gender and age. Data collection was based on medical records (SG), a questionnaire for caregivers and oral examination for diagnosis of MIH (European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria) and caries (DMFT index and ICDAS). Data were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney, chi‐square, and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression. In SG, MIH (45.5%) and caries (87.9%) had higher prevalence. MIH was associated with use of protease inhibitors in SG (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.77) and incubator need in CG (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.71 to 9.10). HIV‐infected patients had a higher prevalence of MIH and dental caries in the permanent dentition.
Acute exercise and motor memory consolidation: Does exercise type play a role?
Authors: Thomas R. , Flindtgaard M. , Skriver K. , Geertsen S. S. , Christiansen L. , Korsgaard Johnsen L. , Busk D. V. P. , Bojsen‐Møller E. , Madsen M. J. , Ritz C. , Roig M. , Lundbye‐Jensen J. 
Published: October 2016

A single bout of high‐intensity exercise can augment off‐line gains in skills acquired during motor practice. It is currently unknown if the type of physical exercise influences the effect on motor skill consolidation. This study investigated the effect of three types of high‐intensity exercise following visuomotor skill acquisition on the retention of motor memory in 40 young (25.3 ±3.6 years), able‐bodied male participants randomly assigned to one of four groups either performing strength training (STR), circuit training (CT), indoor hockey (HOC) or rest (CON). Retention tests of the motor skill were performed 1 (R1h) and 24 h (R1d) post acquisition. For all exercise groups, mean motor performance scores decreased at R1h compared to post acquisition (POST) level; STR (P = 0.018), CT (P = 0.02), HOC (P = 0.014) and performance scores decreased for CT compared to CON (P = 0.049). Mean performance scores increased from POST to R1d for all exercise groups; STR (P = 0.010), CT (P = 0.020), HOC (P = 0.007) while performance scores for CON decreased (P = 0.043). Changes in motor performance were thus greater for STR (P = 0.006), CT (P < 0.001) and HOC (P < 0.001) compared to CON from POST to R1d. The results demonstrate that high‐intensity, acute exercise can lead to a decrease in motor performance assessed shortly after motor skill practice (R1h), but enhances offline effects promoting long‐term retention (R1d). Given that different exercise modalities produced similar positive off‐line effects on motor memory, we conclude that exercise‐induced effects beneficial to consolidation appear to depend primarily on the physiological stimulus rather than type of exercise and movements employed.
Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Exports? Evidence from African Countries
Authors: Mijiyawa Abdoul G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on exports in Africa. Using the system‐generalised method of moments estimator for linear dynamic panel data on a sample of 53 African countries and five‐year periods from 1970 to 2009, the paper finds that higher FDI inflows are positively and significantly linked with higher exports of goods and services. A large part of the FDI effect is driven by its spillover effects on exports. The paper also finds the lagged value of exports, a competitive currency, as well as increases in domestic investment and physical infrastructure, to be factors stimulating African exports.
Effect of topical ophthalmic latanoprost 0.005% solution alone and in combination with diclofenac 0.1% solution in healthy horses: a pilot study
Authors: Tofflemire Kyle , Whitley Elizabeth M. , Allbaugh Rachel , Ben‐Shlomo Gil , Griggs Angela , Strong Travis , Whitley R. David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of topical ophthalmic 0.005% latanoprost alone and in combination with 0.1% diclofenac on healthy horses.Animals studiedTwelve healthy adult horses.ProceduresA randomized, masked crossover design was used with horses divided into three groups for once daily treatment in one randomly selected eye. For arm 1 of the study, Group D (n = 3) received 0.1% diclofenac, Group L (n = 3) received 0.005% latanoprost, and Group DL (n = 6) received 0.005% latanoprost and 0.2 ml of 0.1% diclofenac. For arm 2 of the study, horses from Group D and L were placed into Group DL and horses from Group DL were placed into either Group D or L. Evaluations of intraocular pressure (IOP), vertical pupil diameter, aqueous flare, conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, blepharospasm, and blepharoedema were performed 4 times daily on days 1 and 2 (baseline), days 3 to 7 (arm 1 treatment), days 8 to 11 (washout), days 12 to 16 (arm 2 treatment), and days 17 and 18 (return to baseline).ResultsDuring the treatment period, significant reduction in IOP and vertical pupil diameter occurred in treated eyes of Groups L and DL, but not Group D. These variables did not differ significantly between Groups L and DL. Blepharospasm, blepharoedema, epiphora, and conjunctival hyperemia scores were significantly higher in Group L than in Groups D and DL.ConclusionsLatanoprost reduced IOP in healthy horses and signs of drug‐induced discomfort were mitigated by concurrent use of diclofenac.
Acupuncture does not ameliorate metabolic disturbances in the P450 aromatase inhibitor‐induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Maliqueo Manuel , Benrick Anna , Marcondes Rodrigo Rodrigues , Johansson Julia , Sun Miao , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet 
Published: October 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The effectiveness of low‐frequency electroacupuncture in the treatment of metabolic disorders associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine–metabolic disorder characterized by an imbalance in sex steroid production, is controversial.

What is the main finding and its importance?
In a rat model of PCOS induced by the inhibition of P450 aromatase, low‐frequency electroacupuncture increased low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol but did not improve the insulin resistance or the adipose tissue dysfunction, suggesting that a balance of sex steroids is needed to restore the metabolic function in this rat model of PCOS.

Low‐frequency electroacupuncture restores sex steroid synthesis and sympathetic activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, which may ameliorate its metabolic disturbances, probably by modulating sympathetic nerve activity or sex steroid synthesis. We investigated whether low‐frequency electroacupuncture regulates the metabolic function to the same extent as treatment with estradiol or β‐adrenergic blocking in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome induced by a P450 aromatase inhibitor (letrozole). Letrozole (200 μg day−1) or placebo pellets were implanted in prepubertal Wistar rats. Six weeks thereafter, rats were treated for 5–6 weeks with the following: low‐frequency electroacupuncture (5 days per week); a β‐adrenergic blocker (propranolol hydrochloride, 0.1 mg kg−1, 5 days per week); or 17β‐estradiol (2.0 μg) every fourth day. Body weight development, body composition, locomotor activity, insulin sensitivity, tissue‐specific glucose uptake, lipid profile, adipocyte size, serum concentrations of adiponectin and insulin, and gene expression in inguinal fat were measured. All treatments increased circulating levels of low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol. Estradiol treatment restored locomotor activity and increased insulin sensitivity but did not modify the glucose uptake in muscle and fat. An upregulation of genes related to insulin sensitivity and downregulation of genes related to adipogenesis were observed in subcutaneous adipose tissue from rats exposed to letrozole. Only estradiol treatment normalized the expression of these genes. In conclusion, low‐frequency electroacupuncture increased low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol without affecting insulin sensitivity or adipose tissue function, which could suggest effects on hepatic lipid regulation, probably mediated by the action of estradiol or the β‐adrenergic pathway.
A method for geometric calibration of edge‐on detectors in a CT‐gantry
Authors: Sjölin Martin , Danielsson Mats 
Published: October 2016

PurposePhoton‐counting edge‐on detectors are currently being considered for use in clinical computed tomography (CT) systems. A method for geometric calibration of edge‐on detectors mounted on a CT‐gantry has been developed and evaluated. The method is complementary to the geometrical calibration methods developed for CT systems using flat‐panel detectors and takes the extra dimension of the edge‐on detectors (along the direction of the x‐rays) into account.MethodsThe method uses projection images of a simple phantom together with geometrical arguments to accurately estimate the orientation and relative position of the edge‐on detectors. Both computer simulations and experimental measurements were used to verify the method.ResultsIt is experimentally demonstrated that the method can determine the orientation of the detector with an accuracy of 0.08°. The method is also shown to be insensitive to errors in the modeled parameters used in the algorithm.ConclusionsThe presented method can accurately determine the orientation and relative position of edge‐on detectors mounted on a CT‐gantry and can be used to evaluate the detector mounting and to produce an accurate forward model of the imaging system. Also, the method has potential to reduce the dimensionality of the geometric calibration of the full CT system since the direction of the x‐rays with respect to the detector is measured.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Botryosphaeria dothidea
, the Pathogen of Apple Ring Rot
Authors: Liu Zhaotao , Lian Sen , Li Baohua , Lu Hongyun , Dong Xiangli , Wang Caixia 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Botryosphaeria dothidea
is a destructive pathogen infecting apple (
Malus domestica
) on the fruit and stem. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
B. dothidea
(strain LW030101) using Illumina sequencing. The draft genome sequence provides useful information and acts as a platform for further research on the pathogen.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pig-Originated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O from Bangladesh
Authors: Ali M. Rahmat , Ullah Huzzat , Siddique Mohammad Anwar , Sultana Munawar , Hossain M. Anwar 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
In this article, we document the first pig-isolated complete genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in Bangladesh. The complete viral genome revealed a potential serotypic recombination at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR). Conventional amino acid deletion was lacking in 3A region, and antigenic heterogeneity to circulatory type O existed within the VP1 region.
Draft Genome Sequences of Bradyrhizobium elkanii Strains BLY3-8 and BLY6-1, Which Are Incompatible with
Rj
3
Genotype Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Zaw Htwe Aung , Kanesaki Yu , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Tsurumaru Hirohito , Yamakawa Takeo 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of
Bradyrhizobium elkanii
strains BLY3-8 and BLY6-1, which are incompatible with
Rj
3
genotype soybean cultivars. The genome sequences of these strains will be useful to identify a causal gene for this incompatibility.