bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro angiographic comparison of the flow-diversion performance of five neurovascular stents
Authors: Dholakia Ronak J , Kappel Ari D , Pagano Andrew , Woo Henry H , Lieber Baruch B , Fiorella David J , Sadasivan Chander 
Published: December 2017

Background and purpose Data differentiating flow diversion properties of commercially available low- and high-porosity stents are limited. This in vitro study applies angiographic analysis of intra-aneurysmal flow to compare the flow-diversion performance of five neurovascular devices in idealized sidewall and bifurcation aneurysm models. Methods Five commercial devices (Enterprise, Neuroform, LVIS, FRED, and Pipeline) were implanted in silicone sidewall and bifurcation aneurysm models under physiological average flow of blood analog fluid. High-speed angiographic images were acquired pre- and post-device implantation and contrast concentration-time curves within the aneurysm were recorded. The curves were quantified with five parameters to assess changes in contrast transport, and thus aneurysm hemodynamics, due to each device. Results Inter-device flow-diversion performance was more easily distinguished in the sidewall model than the bifurcation model. There were no obvious overall statistical trends in the bifurcation parameters but the Pipeline performed marginally better than the other devices. In the sidewall geometry, overall evidence suggests that the LVIS performed better than the Neuroform and Enterprise. The Pipeline and FRED devices were statistically superior to the three stents and Pipeline was superior to FRED in all sidewall parameters evaluated. Conclusions Based on this specific set of experiments, lower-porosity flow diverters perform significantly better in reducing intra-aneurysmal flow activity than higher-porosity stents in sidewall-type geometries. The LVIS device is potentially a better flow diverter than the Neuroform and Enterprise devices, while the Pipeline is potentially better than the FRED.
Falls, Cognitive Function, and Balance Profiles of Singapore Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: Key Risk Factors
Authors: Woo Mei Teng , Davids Keith , Liukkonen Jarmo , Chow Jia Yi , Jaakkola Timo 
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study compared occurrence of falls, cognitive function, and balance profiles across participants in elderly age categories, investigating associations between the 3 aspects in a sample of Singapore’s elderly population. Method: Community-dwelling elderly individuals (N = 385) were randomly recruited and grouped into “young-old (65-74 years),” “medium-old (75-84 years),” and “oldest-old (above 85 years)” groups. The Fallproof Health and Activity questionnaire, adapted Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) tests were used to survey information related to falls, cognition, and balance profiles. Results: Findings revealed significant differences in MMSE and BBS scores across the age groups. Participants with mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-3.25) and BBS score ≤40 (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.14-0.46) were at the highest risk of falling. Conclusion: Community-dwelling elderly individuals with subtle cognitive impairment and BBS scores ≤40 displayed an increased risk of falling.
Hypoxia promotes IL-32 expression in myeloma cells, and high expression is associated with poor survival and bone loss
Authors: Zahoor Muhammad , Westhrin Marita , Aass Kristin Roseth , Moen Siv Helen , Misund Kristine , Psonka-Antonczyk Katarzyna Maria , Giliberto Mariaserena , Buene Glenn , Sundan Anders , Waage Anders , Sponaas Anne-Marit , Standal Therese 
Published: December 2017

Key PointsIL-32 is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed by plasma cells in a subset of MM patients, and high expression correlates with poor survival. IL-32 is induced by hypoxia and secreted from MM cells in EVs that promote bone destruction.
Surveillance or Metastasis-Directed Therapy for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer Recurrence: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: Ost Piet , Reynders Dries , Decaestecker Karel , Fonteyne Valérie , Lumen Nicolaas , De Bruycker Aurélie , Lambert Bieke , Delrue Louke , Bultijnck Renée , Claeys Tom , Goetghebeur Els , Villeirs Geert , De Man Kathia , Ameye Filip , Billiet Ignace , Joniau Steven , Vanhaverbeke Friedl , De Meerleer Gert 
Published: December 2017

Purpose Retrospective studies suggest that metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) for oligorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) improves progression-free survival. We aimed to assess the benefit of MDT in a randomized phase II trial. Patients and Methods In this multicenter, randomized, phase II study, patients with asymptomatic PCa were eligible if they had had a biochemical recurrence after primary PCa treatment with curative intent, three or fewer extracranial metastatic lesions on choline positron emission tomography–computed tomography, and serum testosterone levels > 50 ng/mL. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either surveillance or MDT of all detected lesions (surgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy). Surveillance was performed with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) follow-up every 3 months, with repeated imaging at PSA progression or clinical suspicion for progression. Random assignment was balanced dynamically on the basis of two factors: PSA doubling time (≤ 3 v > 3 months) and nodal versus non-nodal metastases. The primary end point was androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)–free survival. ADT was started at symptomatic progression, progression to more than three metastases, or local progression of known metastases. Results Between August 2012 and August 2015, 62 patients were enrolled. At a median follow-up time of 3 years (interquartile range, 2.3-3.75 years), the median ADT-free survival was 13 months (80% CI, 12 to 17 months) for the surveillance group and 21 months (80% CI, 14 to 29 months) for the MDT group (hazard ratio, 0.60 [80% CI, 0.40 to 0.90]; log-rank P = .11). Quality of life was similar between arms at baseline and remained comparable at 3-month and 1-year follow-up. Six patients developed grade 1 toxicity in the MDT arm. No grade 2 to 5 toxicity was observed. Conclusion ADT-free survival was longer with MDT than with surveillance alone for oligorecurrent PCa, suggesting that MDT should be explored further in phase III trials.
The evolution of honey bee dance communication: a mechanistic perspective
Authors: Barron Andrew B. , Plath Jenny Aino 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTHoney bee dance has been intensively studied as a communication system, and yet we still know very little about the neurobiological mechanisms supporting how dances are produced and interpreted. Here, we discuss how new information on the functions of the central complex (CX) of the insect brain might shed some light on possible neural mechanisms of dance behaviour. We summarise the features of dance communication across the species of the genus Apis. We then propose that neural mechanisms of orientation and spatial processing found to be supported by the CX may function in dance communication also, and that this mechanistic link could explain some specific features of the dance form. This is purely a hypothesis, but in proposing this hypothesis, and how it might be investigated, we hope to stimulate new mechanistic analyses of dance communication.
Control surfaces of aquatic vertebrates: active and passive design and function
Authors: Fish Frank E. , Lauder George V. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAquatic vertebrates display a variety of control surfaces that are used for propulsion, stabilization, trim and maneuvering. Control surfaces include paired and median fins in fishes, and flippers and flukes in secondarily aquatic tetrapods. These structures initially evolved from embryonic fin folds in fishes and have been modified into complex control surfaces in derived aquatic tetrapods. Control surfaces function both actively and passively to produce torque about the center of mass by the generation of either lift or drag, or both, and thus produce vector forces to effect rectilinear locomotion, trim control and maneuvers. In addition to fins and flippers, there are other structures that act as control surfaces and enhance functionality. The entire body can act as a control surface and generate lift for stability in destabilizing flow regimes. Furthermore, control surfaces can undergo active shape change to enhance their performance, and a number of features act as secondary control structures: leading edge tubercles, wing-like canards, multiple fins in series, finlets, keels and trailing edge structures. These modifications to control surface design can alter flow to increase lift, reduce drag and enhance thrust in the case of propulsive fin-based systems in fishes and marine mammals, and are particularly interesting subjects for future research and application to engineered systems. Here, we review how modifications to control surfaces can alter flow and increase hydrodynamic performance.
Ocellar structure is driven by the mode of locomotion and activity time in Myrmecia ants
Authors: Narendra Ajay , Ribi Willi A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Insects have exquisitely adapted their compound eyes to suit the ambient light intensity in the different temporal niches they occupy. In addition to the compound eye, most flying insects have simple eyes known as ocelli, which assist in flight stabilisation, horizon detection and orientation. Among ants, typically the flying alates have ocelli while the pedestrian workers lack this structure. The Australian ant genus Myrmecia is one of the few ant genera in which both workers and alates have three ocellar lenses. Here, we studied the variation in the ocellar structure in four sympatric species of Myrmecia that are active at different times of the day. In addition, we took advantage of the walking and flying modes of locomotion in workers and males, respectively, to ask whether the type of movement influences the ocellar structure. We found that ants active in dim light had larger ocellar lenses and wider rhabdoms compared with those in bright-light conditions. In the ocellar rhabdoms of workers active in dim-light habitats, typically each retinula cell contributed microvilli in more than one direction, probably destroying polarisation sensitivity. The organisation of the ocellar retina in the day-active workers and the males suggests that in these animals some cells are sensitive to the pattern of polarised skylight. We found that the night-flying males had a tapetum that reflects light back to the rhabdom, increasing their optical sensitivity. We discuss the possible functions of ocelli to suit the different modes of locomotion and the discrete temporal niches that animals occupy.
Characterisation of innate lymphoid cell populations at different sites in mice with defective T cell immunity
Authors: Dutton Emma E. , Camelo Ana , Sleeman Matthew , Herbst Ronald , Carlesso Gianluca , Belz Gabrielle T. , Withers David R. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have now been identified within most tissues of the body and current evidence indicates that this family of cells play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, few studies have compared the ILC populations between several tissues. Methods: We sought to generate a comprehensive characterisation of the ILC populations in different tissues of C57BL/6 WT and genetically modified mice targeting costimulatory pathways, using transcription factor expression to define specific groups. Results: Consistent with studies individually describing the ILC composition in different tissues, our analysis revealed different ILC groups dominate the ILC population in different tissues. Additionally, we observed a population of IL-7Rα+Id2+ cells lacking expression of lineage markers but also lacking expression of GATA-3, RORgt or T-bet. This population was most evident in ear skin where it outnumbered the defined ILC groups, however, further experiments demonstrated that detection of these cells was influenced by how the tissue was digested, raising concerns as to its real nature. Since both ILC2 and ILC3 express ICOS, we then investigated the requirement for ICOS:ICOSL interactions in the homeostasis of ILC populations at these sites. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the number of ILC1, ILC2 or ILC3 between WT and ICOSL-/- mice in any tissue, indicating that this pathway is not required for ILC homeostasis at these sites. These data were compared with CD80-/-CD86-/- mice given evidence of CD28 expression by some ILC and ILC crosstalk with activated T cells. Notably, the absence of CD28 ligands resulted in a significant increase in ILC2 and ILC3 numbers in the intestine. Conclusions: Together, these data provide new insight into ILC composition in different tissues in both WT and genetically modified mice where key costimulatory pathways are genetically deleted, providing a useful resource for further research into ILC biology.
Trends in Troponin‐Only Testing for AMI in Academic Teaching Hospitals and the Impact of Choosing Wisely®
Authors: Prochaska Micah T. , Hohmann Samuel F. , Modes Matthew , Arora Vineet M. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDIdentifying hospitals that are both early and consistent adopters of high‐value care can help shed light on the culture and practices at those institutions that are necessary to promote high‐value care nationwide. The use of troponin to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and not to test for myoglobin or creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB), is a high‐value recommendation of the Choosing Wisely® campaign.OBJECTIVETo examine the variation in cardiac biomarker testing and the effect of the Choosing Wisely® troponin‐only recommendation for the diagnosis of AMI.DESIGNA retrospective observational study using administrative ordering data from Vizient's Clinical Database/Resource Manager.SETTINGNinety‐one academic medical centers from the fourth quarter of 2013 through the third quarter of 2016.PATIENTSHospitalized patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of AMI.INTERVENTIONThe Choosing Wisely® recommendation to order troponin‐only testing to diagnose AMI was released during the first quarter of 2015.RESULTSIn 19 hospitals, troponin‐only testing was consistently ordered to diagnose AMI before the Choosing Wisely® recommendation and throughout the study period. In 34 hospitals, both troponin and myoglobin/CK‐MB were ordered to diagnose AMI even after the Choosing Wisely® recommendation. In 26 hospitals with low rates of troponin‐only testing before the Choosing Wisely® recommendation, the release of the recommendation was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of troponin‐only testing to diagnose AMI.CONCLUSIONIn institutions with low rates of troponin‐only testing prior to the Choosing Wisely® recommendation, the recommendation was associated with a significant increase in the rate of troponin‐only testing.
Characterizing Hospitalist Practice and Perceptions of Critical Care Delivery
Authors: Sweigart Joseph R. , Aymond David , Burger Alfred , Kelly Andy , Marzano Nick , McIlraith Thomas , Morris Peter , Williams Mark V. , Siegal Eric M. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDIntensivist shortages have led to increasing hospitalist involvement in critical care delivery.OBJECTIVETo characterize the practice of hospitalists practicing in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.DESIGNSurvey of hospital medicine physicians.SETTINGThis survey was conducted as a needs assessment for the ongoing efforts of the Critical Care Task Force of the Society of Hospital Medicine Education Committee.PARTICIPANTSHospitalists in the United States.INTERVENTIONAn iteratively developed, 25‐item, web‐based survey.MEASUREMENTSResults were compiled from all respondents then analyzed in subgroups. Various items were examined for correlations.RESULTSA total of 425 hospitalists completed the survey. Three hundred and twenty‐five (77%) provided critical care services, and 280 (66%) served as primary physicians in the ICU. Hospitalists were significantly more likely to serve as primary physicians in rural ICUs (85% of rural respondents vs 62% of nonrural; P < .001 for association). Half of the rural hospitalists who were primary physicians for ICU patients felt obliged to practice beyond their scope, and 90% at least occasionally perceived that they had insufficient support from board‐certified intensivists. Among respondents serving as primary physicians for ICU patients, 67% reported at least moderate difficulty transferring patients to higher levels of ICU care. Difficulty transferring patients was the only item significantly correlated with the perception of being expected to practice beyond one's scope (P < .05 for association).CONCLUSIONSHospitalists frequently deliver critical care services without adequate training or support, most prevalently in rural hospitals. Without major changes in intensivist staffing or patient distribution, this is unlikely to change.
Hospital Perceptions of Medicare's Sepsis Quality Reporting Initiative
Authors: Barbash Ian J. , Rak Kimberly J. , Kuza Courtney C. , Kahn Jeremy M. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDIn October 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the Sepsis CMS Core Measure (SEP‐1) program, requiring hospitals to report data on the quality of care for their patients with sepsis.OBJECTIVEWe sought to understand hospital perceptions of and responses to the SEP‐1 program.DESIGNA thematic content analysis of semistructured interviews with hospital quality officials.SETTINGA stratified random sample of short‐stay, nonfederal, general acute care hospitals in the United States.SUBJECTSHospital quality officers, including nurses and physicians.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSWe completed 29 interviews before reaching content saturation.RESULTSHospitals reported a variety of actions in response to SEP‐1, including new efforts to collect data, improve sepsis diagnosis and treatment, and manage clinicians' attitudes toward SEP‐1. These efforts frequently required dedicated resources to meet the program's requirements for treatment and documentation, which were thought to be complex and not consistently linked to patient‐centered outcomes. Most respondents felt that SEP‐1 was likely to improve sepsis outcomes. At the same time, they described specific changes that could improve its effectiveness, including allowing hospitals to focus on the treatment processes most directly associated with improved patient outcomes and better aligning the measure's sepsis definitions with current clinical definitions.CONCLUSIONSHospitals are responding to the SEP‐1 program across a number of domains and in ways that consistently require dedicated resources. Hospitals are interested in further revisions to the program to alleviate the burden of the reporting requirements and help them optimize the effectiveness of their investments in quality‐improvement efforts.
El proceso de internacionalización de la educación superior en Argentina (1995-2015): ¿determinantes exógenos o endógenos?
Authors: Botto Mercedes 
Published: December 2017

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el proceso de internacionalización de la educación superior en Argentina, en el marco del debate sobre los alcances de las reformas estructurales en América Latina. A través de la reconstrucción histórica de la trayectoria seguida por el sistema de educación superior argentino entre 1995 y 2015, se busca contribuir al debate sobre la naturaleza de la reforma y los factores que determinaron sus orígenes y sus alcances. La selección del caso argentino se hace en virtud de sus peculiaridades nacionales, que lo convertirían en un ejemplo de las posibilidades de la reforma en materia de privatización, descentralización y (des) regulación gubernamental. Las conclusiones desmitifican tanto las explicaciones que hablan de una sobredeterminación exógena como de las tesis voluntaristas que hablan de las orientaciones ideológicas y los cálculos políticos de los líderes de gobierno.
No a la guerra: resistencia civil en dos comunidades periféricas de Colombia
Authors: Mouly Cécile 
Published: December 2017

Este artículo compara el accionar de dos comunidades que se declararon “territorio de paz” en Colombia: el municipio de Samaniego, en el departamento suroccidental de Nariño, fronterizo con Ecuador, y el corregimiento de Las Mercedes, en el departamento oriental de Norte de Santander, fronterizo con Venezuela. Estas comunidades comparten una situación similar. Fueron fuertemente afectadas por la guerra y se volvieron lugares de cultivos de coca. Frente a esta situación la población civil emprendió un proceso de resistencia no-violenta en contra de actores armados estatales y no estatales. Usamos una metodología cualitativa, que incluyó entrevistas, observación y análisis de fuentes documentales para comparar los resultados de estas acciones en ambos casos y entender las razones de su éxito o fracaso. Encontramos que tres tipos de razones pueden explicar los distintos resultados de estas acciones: i) las características del movimiento de resistencia civil, incluyendo la participación en el movimiento, su cohesión y su liderazgo; ii) las relaciones entre la comunidad y los grupos armados, y iii) el respaldo de actores externos. Finalmente, argumentamos que las negociaciones de paz a nivel nacional pueden potenciar las iniciativas locales de paz y que estas son importantes para la paz en Colombia.
El Mercosur en el nuevo escenario político regional: más allá de la coyuntura
Authors: Peixoto Batista Juliana , Perrotta Daniela Vanesa 
Published: December 2017

En medio de los recientes cambios en los contextos político y económico en América del Sur, este trabajo se dedica a analizar los desafíos del Mercosur para discutir la “supervivencia” del bloque regional, sus límites y posibilidades. Se sostiene que el Mercosur es un proceso complejo y muestra características híbridas desde su concepción. Por un lado, no puede ser identificado del todo con el regionalismo abierto, paradigma predominante al momento de su creación, pero por otro lado, la definición de regionalismo posthegemónico tampoco es del todo adecuada para definir los cambios ocurridos en el bloque desde 2003. En ese sentido, el bloque posee una dinámica propia —fuertemente determinada por la alianza estratégica entre Argentina y Brasil y por variables estructurales como las asimetrías en el tamaño de los mercados, el desarrollo y la diversificación del tejido productivo, el nivel de vulnerabilidad a shocks e interferencias externas— que se ve influenciada solo parcialmente por los ciclos políticos, diferentes y contrapuestos, vividos por el bloque desde su creación. Para observar los cambios y continuidades que dan cuenta de esa característica híbrida que posee el Mercosur y cómo se planta el bloque de cara a los recientes desafíos, se analizan agendas comerciales y sociales.
El efecto del aroma en la intención de compra de un paquete vacacional
Authors: Cuatrecasas Clemente Laura Pilar 
Published: December 2017

Se estudia el efecto del aroma asociado a un destino turístico en la intención de compra de un paquete vacacional. Sesenta estudiantes universitarios (M =21,45, Dt =1,50) visualizaron un spot de un destino caribeño en una de las dos condiciones experimentales: sin aroma y con aroma ambiental asociado a un destino turístico. Tras el visionado, los participantes completaron un cuestionario que incluía escalas Likert. El análisis estadístico revela que el aroma asociado al destino turístico no tiene ningún efecto en la intención de comprar de un paquete vacacional, pero sí lo tiene el agrado por el video promocional. Estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de las propiedades del mercadeo experiencial aplicado a la industria del turismo.