bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic scheming the duty cycle in the opportunistic routing sensor network
Authors: Niu Bingxin , Qi Heng , Li Keqiu , Liu Xiulong , Xue Weilian 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn wireless sensor networks, a lot of applications need the sensed information be transmitted to the sink node within a predefined time threshold. So end‐to‐end delay is an important performance metric in wireless sensor networks. Opportunistic routing protocols have been proposed to reduce the waiting delay. In the duty cycle networks, increasing the duty cycle ratio can also reduce the end‐to‐end delay. However, this method will consume more energy. It is obvious that there exists a trade‐off between delay and energy consumption. So adjusting the duty cycle ratio of each node can investigate this trade‐off. To the best of our knowledge, no existing work takes both of end‐to‐end delay and energy efficiency into consideration in the opportunistic routing networks. In this paper, we want to minimize the whole energy consumption while guaranteeing the expected end‐to‐end delay between the source nodes and the sink node is below the given threshold. To deal with this problem, we propose a dynamic duty cycle scheme which can significantly reduce the energy consumption and guarantee the expected end‐to‐end delay demand in the opportunistic routing network. To be specific, firstly, we formulate a new metric with the wake‐up time slots as the variable to measure the end‐to‐end delay. Secondly, for simplifying the complex problem, we decompose it into a set of single‐hop delay guarantee problems. Feedback controller has been used to solve the problem. We also analyze the influence of the multiple receivers in the same forwarding set. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results reveal that our scheme can guarantee the delay requirement, meanwhile, significantly reduce the energy consumption compared with prior schemes.
A data‐aware scheduling strategy for workflow execution in clouds
Authors: Marozzo Fabrizio , Rodrigo Duro Francisco , Garcia Blas Javier , Carretero Jesus , Talia Domenico , Trunfio Paolo 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAs data intensive scientific computing systems become more widespread, there is a necessity of simplifying the development, deployment, and execution of complex data analysis applications for scientific discovery. The scientific workflow model is the leading approach for designing and executing data‐intensive applications in high‐performance computing infrastructures. Commonly, scientific workflows are built by a set of connected tasks arranged in a directed acyclic graph style, which communicate through storage abstractions. The Data Mining Cloud Framework (DMCF) is a system allowing users to design and execute data analysis workflows on cloud platforms, relying on cloud storage services for every I/O operation. Hercules is an in‐memory I/O solution that can be used in DMCF as an alternative to cloud storage services, providing additional performance and flexibility features. This work improves the integration between DMCF and Hercules by using a data‐aware scheduling strategy for exploiting data locality in data‐intensive workflows. This paper presents experimental results demonstrating the performance improvements achieved using the proposed data‐aware scheduling strategy in the Microsoft Azure cloud platform. In particular, with our scheduling strategy, the I/O overhead has been reduced by 55% with respect to the Azure storage, leading to a 20% reduction of the total execution time.
Verifiable mobile online social network privacy‐preserving location sharing scheme
Authors: Tang Chunming , Cai Cailing 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWith the dramatic growth of smart phones and social network services, location‐based service has become increasingly popular in our daily life, which also brings great privacy leakage about user's location information. Thus, privacy‐preserving location sharing is still a significant problem. In this paper, two models of our scheme are verifiable, supporting location query on homomorphic encrypted ciphertext with searching index and trapdoor. The characteristics of our scheme are that it (1) allows users to share their current location without leaking any location information to the untrusted server; (2) protects users from the cheating of untrusted server's malicious behavior by verifying query result; (3) supports a novel personalized query according to users' classifications of social network friends; (4) the user does not have to be online to make permissions for accessing his shared location, and (5) model 2 does not rely on any trusted third party server to perform any computation. The security analysis shows that it ensures secure location sharing in social scenarios.
Polyandry enhances offspring viability with survival costs to mothers only when mating exclusively with virgin males inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Castrezana Sergio , Faircloth Brant C. , Bridges William C. , Gowaty Patricia Adair 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA prominent hypothesis for polyandry says that male–male competitive drivers induce males to coerce already‐mated females to copulate, suggesting that females are more likely to be harassed in the presence of multiple males. This early sociobiological idea of male competitive drive seemed to explain why sperm‐storing females mate multiply. Here, we describe an experiment eliminating all opportunities for male–male behavioral competition, while varying females’ opportunities to mate or not with the same male many times, or with many other males only one time each. We limited each female subject's exposure to no more than one male per day over her entire lifespan starting at the age at which copulations usually commence. We tested a priori predictions about relative lifespan and daily components of RS of femaleDrosophila melanogasterin experimental social situations producing lifelong virgins, once‐mated females, lifelong monogamous, and lifelong polyandrous females, using a matched‐treatments design. Results included that (1) a single copulation enhanced female survival compared to survival of lifelong virgins, (2) multiple copulations enhanced the number of offspring for both monogamous and polyandrous females, (3) compared to females in lifelong monogamy, polyandrous females paired daily with a novel, age‐matched experienced male produced offspring of enhanced viability, and (4) female survival was unchallenged when monogamous and polyandrous females could re‐mate with age‐ and experienced‐matched males. (5) Polyandrous females daily paired with novel virgin males had significantly reduced lifespans compared to polyandrous females with novel, age‐matched, and experienced males. (6) Polyandrous mating enhanced offspring viability and thereby weakened support for the random mating hypothesis for female multiple mating. Analyzes of nonequivalence of variances revealed opportunities for within‐sex selection among females. Results support the idea that females able to avoid constraints on their behavior from simultaneous exposure to multiple males can affect both RS and survival of females and offspring.
Spatiotemporal variability of soil respiration in a seasonal tropical forest
Authors: Rubio Vanessa E. , Detto Matteo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe monitored soil CO2 effluxes for over 3 years in a seasonally wet tropical forest in Central Panama using automated and manual measurements from 2013 to 2016. The measurements displayed a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. Temporal variability could be largely explained by surface soil water dynamics over a broad range of temporal scales. Soil moisture was responsible for seasonal cycles, diurnal cycles, intraseasonal variability such as rain‐induced pulses following dry spells, as well as suppression during near saturated conditions, and ultimately, interannual variability. Spatial variability, which remains largely unexplained, revealed an emergent role of forest structure in conjunction with physical drivers such as soil temperature and topography. Mean annual soil CO2 effluxes (±SE) amounted to 1,613 (±59) gC m−2 year−1 with an increasing trend in phase with an El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle which culminated with the strong 2015–2016 event. We attribute this trend to a relatively mild wet season during which soil saturated conditions were less persistent.
Stress from cold and drought as drivers of functional trait spectra in North American angiosperm tree assemblages
Authors: Šímová Irena , Rueda Marta , Hawkins Bradford A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how environmental change alters the composition of plant assemblages, and how this in turn affects ecosystem functioning is a major challenge in the face of global climate change. Assuming that values of plant traits express species adaptations to the environment, the trait‐based approach is a promising way to achieve this goal. Nevertheless, how functional traits are related to species’ environmental tolerances and how trait spectra respond to broad‐scale environmental gradients remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify the main trait spectra for US angiosperm trees by testing hypotheses for the relationships between functional traits and species’ environmental tolerances to environmental stresses, as well as quantifying the environmental drivers of assemblage means and variances of these traits. We analyzed >74,000 community assemblages from the US Forest Inventory and Analysis using 12 functional traits, five traits expressing species’ environmental tolerances and 10 environmental variables. Results indicated that leaf traits, dispersal traits, and traits related to stem hydraulics were related to cold or drought tolerance, and their assemblage means were best explained by minimum temperatures. Assemblage means of traits related to shade tolerance (tree growth rate, leaf phosphorus content, and bark thickness) were best explained by aridity index. Surprisingly, aridity index, rather than minimum temperature, was the best predictors of assemblage variances of most traits, although these relationships were variable and weak overall. We conclude that temperature is likely to be the most important driver of functional community structure of North American angiosperm trees by selecting for optimum strategies along the cold and drought stress trade‐off. In turn, water availability primarily affects traits related to shade tolerance through its effect on forest canopy structure and vegetation openness.
A Randomised Controlled Comparison of Second‐Level Treatment Approaches for Treatment‐Resistant Adults with Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: Assessing the Benefits of Virtual Reality Cue Exposure Therapy
Authors: Ferrer‐García Marta , Gutiérrez‐Maldonado José , Pla‐Sanjuanelo Joana , Vilalta‐Abella Ferran , Riva Giuseppe , Clerici Massimo , Ribas‐Sabaté Joan , Andreu‐Gracia Alexis , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando , Forcano Laura , Riesco Nadine , Sánchez Isabel , Escandón‐Nagel Neli , Gomez‐Tricio Osane , Tena Virginia , Dakanalis Antonios 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA question that arises from the literature on therapy is whether second‐level treatment is effective for patients with recurrent binge eating who fail first‐level treatment. It has been shown that subjects who do not stop binge eating after an initial structured cognitive‐behavioural treatment (CBT) programme benefit from additional CBT (A‐CBT) sessions; however, it has been suggested that these resistant patients would benefit even more from cue exposure therapy (CET) targeting features associated with poor response (e.g. urge to binge in response to a cue and anxiety experienced in the presence of binge‐related cues). We assessed the effectiveness of virtual reality‐CET as a second‐level treatment strategy for 64 patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder who had been treated with limited results after using a structured CBT programme, in comparison with A‐CBT. The significant differences observed between the two groups at post‐treatment in dimensional (behavioural and attitudinal features, anxiety, food craving) and categorical (abstinence rates) outcomes highlighted the superiority of virtual reality‐CET over A‐CBT. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Multiobjective thermo‐economic and thermodynamics optimization of a plate–fin heat exchanger
Authors: Raja Bansi D. , Jhala R.L. , Patel Vivek 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the present work, a multiobjective heat transfer search (MOHTS) algorithm is proposed and investigated for thermo‐economic and thermodynamic optimization of a plate–fin heat exchanger (PFHX). Heat exchanger effectiveness and total annual cost (TAC) are considered as thermo‐economic objective functions. Similarly, entropy generation rate and heat exchanger effectiveness are considered as thermodynamic objective functions. Six design variables including flow length of cold and hot streams, no flow length, fin height, fin pitch, and fin offset length are considered as decision variables. Effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are evaluated by analyzing application examples of a PFHX. The results obtained using the proposed algorithm for thermo‐economic considerations are compared with the available results of NSGA‐II and TLBO in the literature. Results show that 3.56% to 10.29% reductions in TAC with 0.48% to 0.81% higher effectiveness are observed using the proposed approach compared to TLBO and NSGA‐II approaches. Additionally, the distribution of each design variable in its allowable range is also shown for thermo‐economic consideration to identify the level of conflict on objective functions. The sensitivity analyses of design variables on the objective functions value are also performed in detail.
The effect of automobile tail shape on aerodynamic performance
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Ming , Fu Jia‐Qi , Zhang Xue‐Yi , Hu Dong‐Hai , Li Ren‐Zheng , He Ren 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aerodynamic performance of an automobile is affected by differing automobile tail shapes. Different simple automobile models were designed and analyzed with the FLUENT software; by using this research method, one can qualitatively analyze the automobile flow field, as well as the lift and drag coefficients in an accurate manner. The results from an analysis of different automobile tails indicate that the most improved automobile model tail shape resulted in a drag coefficient of 4.5% lower than the basic model, and a lift coefficient of 41.6% lower than the basic model. This design had the smallest drag coefficient, the smallest lift coefficient, and the best aerodynamic performance when simulated in the FLUENT Software, allowing the user access to a tangible reference basis for choosing an automobile model.
In vitro evaluation of 3D bioprinted tri‐polymer network scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Bendtsen Stephanie T. , Wei Mei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn vitro evaluations provide vital information on the ability of tissue engineered scaffolds to support cell life and promote natural physiological behaviors in culture. Such assessments are necessary to conduct before implementation of the scaffolds for tissue healing in vivo. The scaffold extracellular matrix must provide the biochemical and mechanical cues necessary to promote cellular attachment, migration and proliferation before differentiation and new tissue deposition can occur. In this study, an in vitro evaluation was conducted to assess the ability of scaffolds three‐dimensional (3D) printed with a previously developed alginate‐polyvinyl alcohol‐hydroxyapatite formulation to promote proliferation of encapsulated MC3T3 cells. A systematic investigation was conducted to increase cell proliferation, and it was determined that the concentration and duration of the calcium bath have a less effect on proliferation than the composition of the formulation itself. Collagen gel was incorporated into the formulation to provide cells with adhesion sites necessary to sufficiently attach to the matrix. Enhanced proliferation was achieved within scaffolds of increased collagen content and sufficient crosslinking. This highlighted the importance of the synergistic effect created as a result of sufficient ligand density coupled with appropriate scaffold mechanical rigidity to provide a suitable environment for proliferation. Thus, these 3D printed tri‐polymer scaffolds have the ability to support cell proliferation and have potential to promote cell differentiation and new bone tissue deposition. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3262–3272, 2017.
Neutron‐activatable needles for radionuclide therapy of solid tumors
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Narayan Roger J. , Lu Xiuling , Jay Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVarious approaches have been undertaken to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents, including tissue‐killing radionuclides, into solid tumors. Here, we describe the preparation of conical needles composed of Ti and Mo coated by pulsed laser deposition or chemical vapor deposition with elements (Ho and Re) that can readily yield radioactive isotopes following irradiation in a neutron flux. The radioactive needles, whose design were based on solid microneedle arrays used in transdermal drug delivery, can be produced with minimal handling of radioactivity and subsequently inserted into tumors as a means of internal radiation therapy. Ho and Re were specifically chosen because of their large neutron capture cross‐sections as well as the desirable radiotherapeutic properties of the resultant radionuclides. Neutron‐absorbing shields were also developed to prevent the production of unwanted radionuclides after neutron irradiation of the needle base materials. Neutron activation calculations showed that therapeutically significant amounts of radionuclides can be produced for treating solid tumors. Stability studies demonstrated that Re did not leach off the Mo needles. These coated neutron‐activatable needles offer a new approach to internal radiation therapy of tumors that allows precise tailoring of the absorbed radiation dose delivered to the tumor by controlling the coating thickness and the irradiation time. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3273–3280, 2017.
3M‐052 as an adjuvant for a PLGA microparticle‐based Leishmania donovani recombinant protein vaccine
Authors: Wang Qian , Barry Meagan A. , Seid Christopher A. , Hudspeth Elissa M. , McAtee C. Patrick , Heffernan Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt is believed that an effective vaccine against leishmaniasis will require a T helper type 1 (TH1) immune response. In this study, we investigated the adjuvanticity of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist 3M‐052 in combination with the Leishmania donovani 36‐kDa nucleoside hydrolase recombinant protein antigen (NH36). NH36 and 3M‐052 were encapsulated in separate batches of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs). The loading efficiency for NH36 was 83% and for 3M‐052 was above 95%. In vitro stimulation of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells, measured by IL‐12 secretion, demonstrated that 3M‐052 (free or MP‐formulated) had a concentration‐dependent immunostimulatory effect with an optimum concentration of 2 µg/mL. In immunogenicity studies in BALB/c mice, MP‐formulated NH36 and 3M‐052 elicited the highest serum titers of TH1‐associated IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies and the highest frequency of IFNγ‐producing splenocytes. No dose dependency was observed among MP/NH36/3M‐052 groups over a dose range of 4–60 µg 3M‐052 per injection. The ability of MP‐formulated NH36 and 3M‐052 to elicit a TH1‐biased immune response indicates the potential for PLGA MP‐formulated 3M‐052 to be used as an adjuvant for leishmaniasis vaccines. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1587–1594, 2018.
Key features of cold‐air pool episodes in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula (Cerdanya, eastern Pyrenees)
Authors: Miró Josep Ramon , Peña Juan Carlos , Pepin Nick , Sairouni Abdelmalik , Aran Montserrat 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTLocated in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, Cerdanya experiences intense cold‐air pool (CAP) episodes in which a decoupling between the valley atmosphere and the regional circulation develops, especially in winter. A network of 40 temperature sensors was deployed from 2012 to 2015 along seven elevational transects to collect hourly data of temperature and humidity, enabling the measurement of CAP characteristics and behaviour. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of minimum temperature anomalies were examined to study the spatial distribution of CAP. Days were classified as CAP or no‐CAP using EOF analysis. The temporal variation of EOF analysis scores for the first component (PC1) indicates days prone to CAP. A synoptic analysis using principal component analysis (factorization), cluster analysis (classification) and a discriminant analysis (reclassification) was performed successively. Results showed CAP days to be associated with high pressure and light winds, while no‐CAP days were associated with surface northerly or north‐easterly flow behind frontal passages.
Breast Tumor Classification Based on a Computerized Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Feature System
Authors: Qiao Mengyun , Hu Yuzhou , Guo Yi , Wang Yuanyuan , Yu Jinhua 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThis work focused on extracting novel and validated digital high‐throughput features to present a detailed and comprehensive description of the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) with the goal of improving the accuracy of ultrasound breast cancer diagnosis.MethodsFirst, the phase congruency approach was used to segment the tumors automatically. Second, high‐throughput features were designed and extracted on the basis of each BI‐RADS category. Then features were selected based on the basis of a Student t test and genetic algorithm. Finally, the AdaBoost classifier was used to differentiate benign tumors from malignant ones.ResultsExperiments were conducted on a database of 138 pathologically proven breast tumors. The system was compared with 6 state‐of‐art BI‐RADS feature extraction methods. By using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, our system achieved a highest overall accuracy of 93.48%, a sensitivity of 94.20%, a specificity of 92.75%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 95.67%, respectively, which were superior to those of other methods.ConclusionsThe experiments demonstrated that our computerized BI‐RADS feature system was capable of helping radiologists detect breast cancers more accurately and provided more guidance for final decisions.