bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpupillary laser versus intravitreal Anti‐VEGF for the management of acute ROP: where do we stand?
Authors: Lorenz B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAccording to ETROP, treatment‐requiring ROP is any stage in zone I with plus, stage 3 in zone I without plus, and stage 2 + or 3 + in Zone II. Zone I disease and aggressive posterior ROP, APROP, still have reduced prognosis as to anatomical and functional outcome. The BEAT‐ROP study compared Anti‐VEGF therapy with Bevacizumab and traditional transpupillary laser therapy to treat zone I and posterior zone II disease in a randomized fashion. Since then many other reports were published, mostly non‐randomized, and often not limited to zone I or posterior zone II disease. An important risk after anti‐VEGF therapy are late recurrences due to persistent immature retinal vascularization. Optimal dosage is not yet known. Also, eventual long‐term negative effects on neurodevelopmental features have been reported. On the other hand less myopia with anti‐VEGF than with laser is claimed as a possible advantage, and also the ease of application not needing anesthesia. From all data it would appear that APROP still remains a major challenge irrespective of the mode of treatment. This paper will discuss the pros and cons for the various treatment options.
Surgery in ROP, when is not too late?
Authors: Flores‐Aguilar M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the premature newborn, when there is retinal detachment (RD) in children with ROP, even in limited detachments, the severity and extent of the RD as well as the expedited treatment are key factors to limit the resulting visual disability. The surgical treatment in children with RD due to ROP is aim to limit its extension, preserve anatomy as far as possible and facilitate visual rehabilitation. Advanced stages of ROP are poorly understood, this results in the lack of early detection of RD. Stages 4A and 4B have better prognosis if treated early, in stage 5 often the doubt exists if the anesthetic risk or the time and work necessary for the surgery are worth it since in most cases the anatomical and visual result is bad. We will analyze the types of traction leading to RD, the planning of surgery, the use of pharmacological agents, the recommended time to perform the procedure, autor's recommendations to decide the type of procedure to be performed and the follow‐up. The surgical management of the advanced stages of ROP in an early form may allow in some cases to preserve vision in eyes with retinal detachments in which the macula is still redeemable.
Bioactive sphingolipid mediators promote corneal epithelial homeostasis and wound healing
Authors: Trzeciecka A.M. , Piqueras M.C. , Bhattacharya S.K. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo investigate sphingolipid expression profile in alkali‐burned cornea and subsequently evaluate effects of the selected species on corneal epithelial wound healing.MethodsAll experiments were performed using porcine cornea organ culture or porcine corneal epithelial cells (PCEC). For sphingolipid profiling samples were spiked with internal standards, extracted by Bligh&Dyer method and analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. PCEC viability/proliferation and migration were assessed using MTT and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Epithelial wound healing in cornea organ culture was followed by fluorescein staining. Molecular mechanisms underlying the action of selected sphingolipids were studied using iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomics.ResultsSphingolipid profiling of alkali‐burned corneas revealed early decrease in sphingosine 1‐phosphate and lysosphingomyelin with concomitant increase of ceramide 1‐phosphate. We tested 7 lipids from aforesaid subclasses for their ability to affect proliferation/viability and migration of PCEC. 2 lipids: A, B improved viability/proliferation of alkali‐injured PCEC, induced PCEC chemotaxis as well as promoted re‐epithelialization after alkali burn in cornea organ culture. Another lipid: C potently improved viability/proliferation of healthy PCEC in a wide range of concentrations. In response to A/B/C treatments PCEC displayed differential expression of 114/375/47 proteins, majority with binding and catalytic activity functions. Proteins ↑ upon A/B were involved mainly in proliferation, adhesion and glycolysis, while upon C ‐ in maintenance of corneal epithelial homeostasis.ConclusionsWe identified 2 sphingolipids that facilitate cornea re‐epithelialization by promoting proliferation and migration of corneal epithelial cells and another that promotes healthy corneal epithelial cell phenotype.
The effect of caffeine on retinal vessel diameters in the Inter99 eye study
Authors: Veiby N.C.B.B. , Drobnjak D.N. , Munch I.C. , Toft U. , Glümer C. , Færch K. , Kessel L. , Larsen M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo examine the effect of caffeine on retinal vessel diameters in the Inter99 Study.MethodsThe Inter99 Study comprised a population‐based age‐and sex‐stratified sample of 13,016 residents of a suburban section of Greater Copenhagen, Denmark. From 6784 participants aged 30‐60 years who volunteered to participate in the main study, a subgroup of 970 participated in the eye study. Vessel diameters were measured using a semi‐automatic computer program. Exclusion of participants without images of acceptable quality (n󰀽71) left 899 participants for analysis. Coffee and tea intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) ranged from 0 to 35 cups. One cup of tea or coffee was assumed to contain 100 mg of caffeine.ResultsOf 899 eligible participants, 861 were daily coffee or tea drinkers, a mean of 5 cups per day. Thirty eight did not drink tea or coffee. The central retinal artery diameter was 214 μm in participants who did not drink tea or coffee and 209 μm in participants who drank tea or coffee (B = ‐5.7 CI 95%: ‐10.5 to ‐1.0, p = 0.019, adjusted for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, BMI, diabetes mellitus status and smoking status). The central retinal vein diameter was 261 μm in participants who did not drink tea or coffee and 252 μm in participants who drank tea or coffee (B = ‐8.6 CI 95%: ‐15.2 to ‐2.0, p = 0.011, adjusted for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, BMI, diabetes mellitus status and smoking status).ConclusionsThis cross‐sectional study found that participants who drank tea or coffee on a daily basis had narrower central retinal arteries and veins than participants who did not drink tea or coffee. This is consistent with previous observations that caffeine induces cerebral vasoconstriction by antagonizing adenosine receptors.
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and age‐related macular degeneration in a Sardinian male population, Italy
Authors: Pinna A. , Porcu T. , D'Amico‐Ricci G. , Boscia F. , Carru C. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe reported prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Sardina, Italy, ranges from 8% to 15%. Hemizygous males have totally deficient erythrocytes. Evidence indicates that patients with G6PD deficiency are protected against ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease, retinal vein occlusion, and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Sardinian men with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and ascertain whether G6PD deficiency may have a protective effect against AMD.MethodsG6PD blood levels were measured in 81 men with AMD. 119 men without AMD undergoing cataract surgery served as controls. The Z test was used to assess differences in G6PD deficiency prevalence rates between groups. The odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association between G6PD deficiency and AMD.ResultsG6PD deficiency was found in 7 (8.6%) out of 81 patients with AMD and in 10 (8.3%) out of 121 controls. Differences between AMD patients and controls were not statistically significant (Z = 0.095, P = 0.9). G6PD deficiency showed no association with AMD (OR: 1.05; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.38‐2.88).ConclusionsResults suggest that G6PD deficiency has no protective effect against AMD and is not a risk factor for this degenerative macular condition.
CTG18.1 trinucleotide repeat expansion in Polish patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: Udziela M. , Oziębło D. , Sarosiak A. , Ołdak M. , Szaflik J.P. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo genotype the CTG18.1 repeat expansion in TCF4 gene and determine an association between genetic variant and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) development in Polish patients.To analyze possible reationship between the different CTG18.1 genotypes and clinical picture of the patients.MethodsClinical evaluation was based on slit‐lamp examination, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT). Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of unrelated FECD patients (n = 236) and control subjects (n = 58). We genotype the CTG18.1 repeat expansion to determine an association between the genetic variant and FECD development and to analyse possible relationships between the different CTG18.1 genotypes and clinical picture of the patients. For this purpose a combination of methods, i.e. analysis of short tandem repeats (STR), triplet repeat primed PCR (TP‐PCR) and statistical analysis were performed.ResultsThe results showed that the repeat expansion CTG18.1 is currently the strongest predisposing factor for the development of FECD in a group of Polish patients (OR=43,72; CI:13,20‐144,83; χ2 = 80,77; p < 0,0001). There were no significant associations between the CTG18.1 genotype and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT) or the density of the corneal endothelium.ConclusionsOur study confirms association of CTG18.1 repeat expansion with FECD by testing a novel previously not analysed population. This genetic determinant has an important predictive value and may be beneficial in clinical practice.
Changes in axial length before and after recovery in patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy with serous retinal detachment
Authors: Shin Y.I. , Shin K.S. , Jo Y.J. , Kim J.Y. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the changes of axial length (AXL) in eyes with unilateral idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after subretinal fluid absorption.MethodsWe studied 31 consecutive patients with unilateral resolved central serous chorioretinopathy. The keratometric value and AXL were measured by partial coherence interferometry (IOL Master®). Presence of subretinal fluid and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD OCT®).ResultsThe mean age of 31 CSC patients was 42.7 years, and 19 males were included. The AXL was statistically significant difference from 23.41 to 23.58 mm after subretinal fluid absorption (p < 0.001). The differences in AXL correlated with CMT differences (r = −0.616, p < 0.001). Best corrected visual acuity and CMT were statistically significant difference after subretinal fluid absorption (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn unilateral idiopathic CSC, the AXL was increased after subretinal fluid absorption. Therefore, the impact of serous retinal detachment should be considered in AXL measurement.
Enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular traction syndrome
Authors: Gkizis I. , Garnavou‐Xirou C. , Velissaris S. , Kabanarou S. , Chatziralli I. , Kontou E. , Xirou T. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of patients treated with ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT) or macular holes (MH) combined with VMT in a tertiary retina center.MethodsEleven eyes of ten patients (8 females, 2 males) with VMT (8 with VMT alone and 3 with MH combined with VMT) were included in the study. The patients were treated with a single ocriplasmin injection and examined at day 1, 7 and 28 post‐injection. Age, gender, phakic lens status, vitreomacular adhesion diameter, presence of epiretinal membrane, macular hole size, cystoid macular oedema and the status of the ellipsoid zone were recorded. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral‐domain‐optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) were performed at baseline and at each examination during the follow up period. Adverse effects were also recorded.ResultsSix eyes (54,5%) presented VMT resolution, while one out of three patients presented MH closure. All patients experienced VMT release by 7 days. Patients with VMT resolution had an increase in BCVA of +0.5 logMAR. .ConclusionsOcriplasmin may be considered as an effective treatment option for VMT and macular holes with VMT.
Eccentric macular hole after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane without internal limiting membrane peeling
Authors: Xirou T. , Kabanarou S. , Gkizis I. , Garnavou‐Xirou C. , Velissaris S. , Chatziralli I. 
Published: September 2017

PurposePostoperative eccentric macular hole formation is an uncommon complication after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for epiretinal membrane (ERM). Herein, we present a case of eccentric macular hole formation after PPV for ERM without ILM peeling.MethodsA 68‐year‐old male patient presented with ERM and visual acuity of 6/24 in his left eye. He underwent 23‐gauge PPV without ILM peeling for ERM treatment.ResultsOne week postoperatively the retina was attached and the epiretinal membrane was successfully removed, while visual acuity was 6/9. One month after PPV, there was a single eccentric retinal hole below the macula, which was detected at the fundoscopy and was confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The visual acuity was 6/9 and the patient referred no symptoms. No further intervention was attempted and at the 6‐month follow‐up, the visual acuity and the size of the eccentric macular hole remained stable.ConclusionsEccentric macular holes can be developed after PPV even without ILM peeling and are usually managed conservatively by observation.
Evolution of foveal detachment in dome‐shaped macula after treatment by mineralocorticoids: report of three cases
Authors: Marco Monzon S. , Lopez Sangros I. , Bartolome Sese I. , Sanchez Marin I. , Idoate Domenech A. , Berniolles Alcalde J. , Ascaso Puyuelo J. , Pinilla Lozano I. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo analyze three cases of visual acuity improvement after treatment with spironolactone in patients with dome‐shaped macular and related serous retinal detachment.MethodsWe evaluated four eyes of three patients of 38, 49 and 64 years old with serous retinal detachment associated with dome‐shaped macula. The patients were treated daily with oral spironolactone 50mg. Ophthalmic examination included best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT), determines by optical coherence tomography (OCT). They were evaluated on their first visit and on monthly follow‐up visits.ResultsThe first patient's pretreatment BCVA was 20/80 in both eyes; after treatment BCVA improved to 20/50 in the right eye and 20/40 in left eye. Second patient's pretreatment right eye's BCVA was 20/100, and one month after treatment improved to 20/63. The patient stopped the treatment due to a secondary effect (asthenia) and two month later visual acuity declined to 20/80. The last patient's pretreatment BCVA in his right eye was 20/200 and four months after treatment was 20/63.ConclusionsWe evaluated a mineralocorticoid antagonist treatment for serous retinal detachment associated with dome‐shaped macula in myopic patients. One to six months after treatment with the mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone, the subretinal fluid and CRT were significantly reduced and there was an improvement in BCVA.
Involvement of peroxisome proliferator activator receptors in the photoprotective activity of the di‐apo‐carotenoid norbixin on RPE cells
Authors: Fontaine V. , Monteiro E. , Fournie M. , Bonnard B. , On S. , Serova M. , Balducci C. , Guibout L. , Sahel J.A. , Veillet S. , Dilda P. , Lafont R. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThere are increasing evidences for the involvement of peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs) in the development of ocular diseases, in particular AMD. PPAR receptors comprise three sub‐types of nuclear receptors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. The mechanism by which norbixin (NBX), a di‐apo‐carotenoid exerts in vitro and in vivo protective effects on RPE was studied.MethodsThe affinity of NBX for the 3 PPAR subtypes was determined by binding studies. The photo‐protective properties of NBX were evaluated by an in vitro assay using primary cultures of porcine RPE cells challenged with A2E then blue light illumination. With the same assay, NBX protective activity was then characterized by a pharmacological approach employing different PPAR subtypes’ selective agonists and antagonists. The expression level of the PPARs was assessed by western blot.ResultsNBX bound PPARα and PPARγ with Ki values of 16.5 and 1.15 μM, respectively. In a non‐cellular PPARβ/δ receptor functional assay, NBX displayed a Kb value of 3.2 μM. Further, PPARγ (troglitazone) and PPARβ/δ (GW0742) agonists strongly and significantly protected RPE cells. NBX protective activity was partially reversed by PPARγ (T0070907) and PPARβ/δ (GSK3787) antagonists. We showed for the first time that PPARα protein expression was rapidly and strongly reduced upon A2E treatment. Most interestingly, its expression was maintained or restored when RPE cells were treated with NBX before or after A2E exposure, respectively. Interestingly, some PPARγ and β/δ agonists displayed similar patterns, and other compounds were unable to sustain PPARα protein expression.ConclusionsTaken together, this study demonstrates that NBX photoprotective activity relies potentially on both PPARβ/δ and PPARγ activation and on a sustained expression level of PPARα.
Optimisation of potent topical SRPK1 inhibitors with improved retinal pharmacokinetics through ex vivo trans‐scleral permeability modelling
Authors: Liddell S. , Toop H. , Stewart E. , Daubney J. , Bourne J. , Batson J. , Morris J. , Bates D. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeDevelopment of non‐invasive therapies for wAMD and DME has been unsuccessful to date. Delivery of potent small molecules to the retina as eye drops would be a treatment paradigm shift but remains an unmet need due to incomplete understanding of the physicochemical properties required. We hypothesised that trans‐scleral permeability modelling could identify these features and enable optimisation of inhibitors of the VEGF‐A splicing kinase SRPK1.MethodsPorcine eye tissue was clamped into a scaffold with drug formulations for 24 h. Compound levels were analysed by LCMS. For PK, Hy79b pigmented rabbits received a single eye drop for successive timepoints or tri‐daily eye drops for 6 days. Compound levels in eye tissues and plasma were analysed by LCMS. Efficacy was evaluated in vivo in C57/Bl6 mice.ResultsWe identified potent and selective SRPK1 inhibitors with improved permeability ex vivo (ranging to 8.154x10‐6 cm/s compared to 0.07x10‐6 cm/s for pazopanib). Multiple regression analysis generated predicted permeability values which correlated with ex vivo permeability and in vivo retinal PK. SRPK1 inhibitors were equally distributed across the retina at 4 h at significantly higher concentrations than pazopanib and at significantly lower concentrations in plasma. SRPK1 inhibitors potently inhibited laser‐CNV following eye drop administration in mice (EC50s<0.5 μM, n = 6‐8, P < 0.05).ConclusionsEx vivo permeability screening enabled modelling and design of novel compounds with improved permeability and optimisation for in vivo retinal delivery. Increased potency and ocular permeability of the novel SRPK1 inhibitors show potential to reach therapeutic levels in the retina following eye drop administration and improve treatment for patients with wAMD and DME.
Aerobic exercise causes changes in choroidal thickness in young adults
Authors: Perdices L. , Orduna E. , Insa G. , Segura F.J. , Idoate A. , Sánchez A.I. , Pinilla I. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeIn this study we evaluate the changes of choroidal thickness after doing physical aerobic exercise in healthy young adults using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), with Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI) protocol, and manual segmentation. This is a modified technique which allows us to obtain an improved image of the choroidal layer.MethodsThirty eyes of 15 volunteers between 18 and 31 years old were prospectively and consecutively enrolled, with ±6.50 D maximum ametropia and 3.00 D of astigmatism, with neither systemic nor ocular pathology as inclusion criteria. All the subjects were examined in the same conditions and by the same investigator. Measures from autorefractometer, ocular biometry and SD‐OCT were taken. The SD‐OCT images were taken at basal measurement, after doing 10 minutes of physical exercise and then two more measures after the exercise (3 and 10 minutes after finalization). The choroidal layer was manually segmented, valuing thicknesses and volumes in the different areas from the ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study).ResultsIn all the areas the average thickness increased 3 minutes after exercise compared to basal. We found significant differences (p < 0.05) by means of the test of ranks with signs of Wilcoxon in the areas: 3 mm temporal, 3 mm nasal, 6 mm superior, 3 mm superior and in the subfoveal choroidal thickness. After 10 minutes, this value decreased, finding only statistical values (p < 0.05) in the subfoveal choroidal thickness. Volumes measures showed the same pattern.ConclusionsIn healthy young people 3 minutes after finishing physical exercise the choroidal thickness increases. Ten minutes after the finish, the choroidal thickness decreases.
Comparison between over‐glasses patching and conventional patching for children with moderate amblyopia: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kim S.J. , Lee S.U. , Lee J.E. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo investigate the clinical effects of orthokeratology lens wear on inhibition of the myopic progression and axial length elongation in Korean children with myopia.MethodsThe authors reviewed out‐patient records of 37 eyes of 19 patients wearing orthokeratology lenses. The 46 eyes of 23 patients wearing spectacles were included into the control group. We evaluated the relationship between orthokeratology lens wear and control group according to age, initial myopia, initial astigmatism, axial length elongation.ResultsThere were no significant differences between two groups as for age, initial myopia, astigmatism, spherical equivalent, and axial length at baseline (t‐test, p > 0.05). Significant reduction of refraction was shown in patients with wearing lenses after 1 year (t‐test, p < 0.001). The mean axial length before and after 1 year was 24.62 ± 1.39 mm and 24.73 ± 1.28 mm respectively after lens wearing, and 24.59 ± 0.74 mm and 24.80 ± 0.71 mm respectively after wearing glasses. The axial length elongation was 0.11 ± 0.12 mm, and 0.21 ± 0.07 mm in patients with wearing lenses and glasses, respectively, which showed statistically significant difference (t‐test, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe orthokeratology lens was found to be effective in suppression of myopic progression through less axial length elongation, compared with the glasses.