bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatology of the premonsoon Indian dryline
Authors: Akter Nasreen , Tsuboki Kazuhisa 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA northeast‐ to southwest‐oriented surface dryline with a dew point gradient of 1 °C per 10 km develops along the eastern Indian coast during the entire premonsoon season. Deep, hot, dry air of up to 500 hPa moves from arid regions in Southwest Asia and Western India to the Bay of Bengal (BoB), and warm, shallow, moist air from the BoB penetrates below the dry air, forming an inclined moisture gradient aloft to the east and reaching the surface to the west. The slope of the gradient depends on the vertically increased southwesterly wind over the BoB, which gradually intensifies from March to May. Diurnal low‐level temperature variations over the land cause periodic movements of the dry‐moist air convergence zone at the surface in the zonal direction. During the premonsoon, the average east–west diurnal oscillation of the surface dryline is approximately 100 km, and the eastward movement is almost three times faster than the westward movement.
Climatology of cross‐tropopause mass exchange over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings
Authors: Tian Hongying , Tian Wenshou , Luo Jiali , Zhang Jiankai , Zhang Min 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe cross‐tropopause mass flux (CTMF) and long‐term trends in stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings were analyzed using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data. The gross CTMF (the sum of upward and downward mass flux) shows an evident wave train structure over the TP, which is mainly related to the horizontal exchange of air masses along the tropopause associated with the sharp meridional gradient in tropopause pressure or vertical discontinuity of the thermal tropopause in winter. The seasonal cycle of the STE over the TP shows that the gross mass flux is downwards in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter and upwards in NH summer. The gross CTMF over the TP accounts for 2.96% of the global total CTMF arising from STE processes resolved by Wei method. Both the upward and downward CTMF over the TP exhibit statistically significant positive trends in winter during the period 1979–2009. The strong positive trends of STE in winter over the TP are resulted from the combined effects of the rising tropopause height, enhanced westerlies and decreasing plateau winter monsoon. In summer, both the upward and downward CTMF exhibit statistically significant negative trends over the northern TP, while the trend in upward CTMF is positive over the southern TP, in accordance with the increasing intensity of Asian summer monsoon in recent decades. The sensitivity simulations with a climate model confirm that changes in the Asian monsoon can significantly affect the tropopause and the CTMF over the TP.
Tracing Sediment Sources Using Mid‐infrared Spectroscopy in Arvorezinha Catchment, Southern Brazil
Authors: Tiecher Tales , Caner Laurent , Minella Jean Paolo Gomes , Evrard Olivier , Mondamert Leslie , Labanowski Jérôme , Rheinheimer Danilo dos Santos 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe widespread adoption of the sediment fingerprinting approach to guide catchment management has been limited by the cost and the difficulty to prepare and process samples for geochemical and radionuclide analyses. Spectral properties have recently been shown to provide a rapid and cost‐efficient alternative for this purpose. The current research objective was (i) to quantify the sediment source contributions in a 1∙19‐km2 rural catchment of Southern Brazil by using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and (ii) to compare these results with those obtained with geochemical approach and near‐infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy methods. The sediment sources to discriminate were cropland surface (n = 20), unpaved roads (n = 10) and stream channel banks (n = 10). Twenty‐nine suspended sediment samples were collected at the catchment outlet during nine significant flood events. The sources could be distinguished by MIR spectroscopy. Cropland and channel bank sources mainly differed in their clay mineral contents, but their similar organic matter content complicated the MIR‐model predictions. Unpaved road contributions were discriminated from the other sources by their lower organic carbon content. When the results of the current research based on MIR spectroscopy are compared with those obtained using other sediment fingerprinting approaches, based on geochemistry and near‐infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, an overestimation of channel banks contribution and an underestimation of cropland and unpaved road contributions is found. These results suggest that MIR spectroscopy can provide a useful tool that is non‐destructive, rapid and cheap for tracing sediment sources in rural catchments and for guiding the implementation of soil and water conservation measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How are coastal benthos fed?
Authors: Waples James T. , Bootsma Harvey A. , Klump J. Val 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWater movement can influence the distribution of benthos, in part, by increasing food delivery; however, the impact of advective transport and turbulent diffusion on organic matter flux to nearshore benthic communities is not well quantified. In this study, we measured the vertical particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate phosphorus (PP) flux in nearshore Lake Michigan using two naturally occurring daughter/parent radionuclide pairs (234Th/238U and 90Y/90Sr) and compared these fluxes to coincident benthic chamber estimates of respiration and total phosphorus efflux by quagga mussels on the lakebed. We found that advective onshore transport and vertical convective mixing increased POC and PP flux to the nearshore benthos by a factor of ∼ 15 and ∼ 30 over offshore trap‐derived estimates of flux. From these results, we hypothesize that high benthos population densities are related to an edge effect created when the dominant mechanism of particle delivery transitions from gravitational settling to convection.
Expression of tamoxifen‐inducible CRE recombinase in Lcn5‐CreERT2 transgenic mouse caput epididymis
Authors: Xu Juan , Yao Guangxin , Ru Yanfei , Xie Shengsong 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThe epididymis, which connects the testis to vas deferens, plays a crucial role regulating sperm maturation and fertilization. Here, a tamoxifen‐inducible CreERT2 recombinase transgenic mouse was generated to study the function of genes in the caput epididymis using the Cre/LoxP system, which is driven by the 1.8‐kb Lcn5 promoter (Lcn5‐CreERT2). Both CRE recombinase and ERT2 mRNA were specifically expressed in the caput epididymis, beginning at postnatal Day 30 and increasing thereafter. Crossing these Lcn5‐CreERT2 transgenic mice with Rosa26; mT/mG reporter mice, which express membrane‐bound GFP (mGFP) only after CRE is active at its genetic locus, resulted in the presence of GFP only in the middle/distal caput epididymis after tamoxifen induction. Efficiency of the CRE recombinase production in the caput epididymis was dose‐ and time‐dependent. These tamoxifen‐inducible caput epididymis‐specific CRE recombinase transgenic mice thus provides a simple approach to modulate epididymal principal cells in vivo, allowing for the genetic investigation of caput epididymis‐specific gene functions during sperm maturation. 84: 257–264, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recovery of pectoralis major and triceps brachii after bench press exercise
Authors: Ferreira Diogo V. , Gentil Paulo , Soares Saulo Rodrigo Sampaio , Bottaro Martim 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe present study evaluated and compared the recovery of pectoralis major (PM) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles of trained men after bench press exercise.MethodsEighteen volunteers performed eight sets of bench press exercise to momentary muscle failure and were evaluated for TB and PM peak torque and total work on an isokinetic dynamometer.ResultsPM peak torque and total work remained lower than baseline for 72 and 96 h, respectively. TB peak torque was only different from baseline immediately post training, while total work was significantly lower than baseline immediately and 48 h after training. Normalized peak torque values were only different between TB and PM at 48 h after training.ConclusionsConsidering the small and nonsignificant difference between the recovery of TB and PM muscles, the results suggest that bench press exercise may promote a similar stress on these muscles. Muscle Nerve 56: 963–967, 2017
Evaluation of transmit efficiency and SAR for a tight fit transceiver human head phased array at 9.4 T
Authors: Avdievich N.I. , Hoffmann J. , Shajan G. , Pfrommer A. , Giapitzakis I.A. , Scheffler K. , Henning A. 
Published: December 2016

Ultra‐high field (UHF, ≥7 T) tight fit transceiver phased arrays improve transmit (Tx) efficiency (B1+/√P) in comparison with Tx‐only arrays, which are usually larger to fit receive (Rx)‐only arrays inside. One of the major problems limiting applications of tight fit arrays at UHFs is the anticipated increase of local tissue heating, which is commonly evaluated by the local specific absorption rate (SAR). To investigate the tradeoff between Tx efficiency and SAR when a tight fit UHF human head transceiver phased array is used instead of a Tx‐only/Rx‐only RF system, a single‐row eight‐element prototype of a 400 MHz transceiver head phased array was constructed. The Tx efficiency and SAR of the array were evaluated and compared with that of a larger Tx‐only array, which could also be used in combination with an 18‐channel Rx‐only array. Data were acquired on the Siemens Magnetom whole body 9.4 T human MRI system.Depending on the head size, positioning and the RF shim strategy, the smaller array provides from 11 to 23% higher Tx efficiency. In general, the Tx performance, evaluated as B1+/√SAR, i.e. the safety excitation efficiency (SEE), is also not compromised. The two arrays provide very similar SEEs evaluated over 1000 random RF shim sets.We demonstrated that, in general, the tight fit transceiver array improves Tx performance without compromising SEE. However, in specific cases, the SEE value may vary, favoring one of the arrays, and therefore must be carefully evaluated.
Neurometabolic profiles of the substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP‐intoxicated common marmosets: An in vivo proton MRS study at 9.4 T
Authors: Heo Hwon , Ahn Jae‐Bum , Lee Hyeong Hun , Kwon Euna , Yun Jun‐Won , Kim Hyeonjin , Kang Byeong‐Cheol 
Published: December 2016

Given the strong coupling between the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (STR) in the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet only a few studies reported to date that have simultaneously investigated the neurochemistry of these two brain regions in vivo, we performed longitudinal metabolic profiling in the SN and STR of 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐intoxicated common marmoset monkey models of PD (n = 10) by using proton MRS (1H–MRS) at 9.4 T. T2 relaxometry was also performed in the SN by using MRI. Data were classified into control, MPTP_2weeks, and MPTP_6‐10 weeks groups according to the treatment duration. In the SN, T2 of the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group was lower than that of the control group (44.33 ± 1.75 versus 47.21 ± 2.47 ms, p < 0.05). The N‐acetylaspartate to total creatine ratio (NAA/tCr) and γ‐aminobutyric acid to tCr ratio (GABA/tCr) of the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group were lower than those of the control group (0.41 ± 0.04 versus 0.54 ± 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 0.19 ± 0.03 versus 0.30 ± 0.09 (p < 0.05), respectively). The glutathione to tCr ratio (GSH/tCr) was correlated with T2 for the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group (r = 0.83, p = 0.04). In the STR, however, GABA/tCr of the MPTP_6‐10 weeks group was higher than that of the control group (0.25 ± 0.10 versus 0.16 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). These findings may be an in vivo depiction of the altered basal ganglion circuit in PD brain resulting from the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons and disruption of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. Given the important role of non‐human primates in translational studies, our findings provide better understanding of the complicated evolution of PD.
Reverse Iontophoretic Extraction of Metabolites from Living Plants and their Identification by Ion‐chromatography Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sánchez Maria Isabel González , McCullagh James , Guy Richard H. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe identification and characterisation of cellular metabolites has now become an important strategy to obtain insight into functional plant biology. However, the extraction of metabolites for identification and analysis is challenging and, at the present time, usually requires destruction of the plant.ObjectiveTo detect different plant metabolites in living plants with no pre‐treatment using the combination of iontophoresis and ion‐chromatography with mass spectrometry detection.MethodologyIn this work, the simple and non‐destructive method of reverse iontophoresis has been used to extract in situ multiple plant metabolites from intact Ocimum basilicum leaves. Subsequently, the analysis of these metabolites has been performed with ion chromatography coupled directly to high resolution mass spectrometric detection (IC‐MS).ResultsThe application of reverse iontophoresis to living plant samples has avoided the need for complex pre‐treatments. With this approach, no less than 24 compounds, including organic acids and sugars as well as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were successfully detected.ConclusionThe research demonstrates that it is feasible to monitor, therefore, a number of important plant metabolites using a simple, relatively fast and non‐destructive approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytochemical Analysis of a Cytotoxic Fraction of Quassia silvestris using LC‐HR‐ESI‐MSn
Authors: Tala Michel Feussi , Talontsi Ferdinand Mouafo , Zeng Guang‐Zhi , Wabo Hippolyte Kamdem , Spiteller Michael , Tan Ning‐Hua , Tane Pierre 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe genus Quassia is a promising source of secondary metabolites with biological potential including antimalarial and cytotoxic activities. Limited data are available on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Quassia silvestris Cheek & Jongkind, a Cameroonian medicinal plant used to treat various ailments.ObjectivesTo carry out the bioassay‐guided fractionation and LC‐HR‐ESI‐MS analyses of the leaves extract from Q. silvestris; to purify the active fractions and isolate the major compounds using different chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The obtained compounds will be evaluated for their biological activity.Material and methodsFollowing the cytotoxic screening and LC‐HR‐ESI‐MS profiling of fractions obtained from partition of the methanolic extract of Q. silvestris leaves, the CH2Cl2‐soluble fraction which exhibited the highest cytotoxicity was retained for further investigations.ResultsSixteen squalene‐derived metabolites were identified with oxasqualenoid derivatives being the most predominant. Among the isolates, structure elucidation of two new oxasqualenoids quassiols E (1) and F (2), were achieved by NMR (one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D)) and MS methods. The newly characterised compounds 1 and 2, together with the known tetraol (3) and 3‐oxo‐oleanoic acid (16) displayed moderate cytotoxicity.ConclusionThe identification and structural characterisation of highly oxidised squalene derived metabolites from this plant may provide important insight data for further pharmacological investigations. The LC‐HR‐ESI‐MSn method reported here could be developed as a rapid and efficient tool for the analyses of structurally related compounds in the genera Quassia, Simarouba, and Eurycoma of the subfamily Simarouboideae. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical status and economic savings associated with remission among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: leveraging linked registry and claims data for synergistic insights
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Chen Lang , Greenberg Jeffrey D. , Harrold Leslie , Kilgore Meredith L. , Kremer Joel M. , Solomon Daniel H. , Yun Huifeng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionTreat to target guidelines recommend achieving remission or low disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the reduction in adverse events and costs associated with lower disease activity is unclear.MethodsWe used Corrona linked to Medicare data to identify RA patients. Time varying disease activity was measured using Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI); outcomes included all‐cause hospitalization, a composite of hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visits, mortality, and medical costs. Outcome‐specific Cox proportional models evaluated the adjusted hazard ratios between disease activity and outcomes, controlling for potential confounders including comorbidities grouped into four patient phenotypes. Costs were analyzed with mixed models using a Gaussian distribution with log transformation.ResultsDepending on outcome, 4593 RA patients contributed up to 12 001 person years. Median age was 71 years, 75% women. At baseline, approximately 50–60% of patients were in remission or low disease activity. There was a dose‐response relationship between RA disease activity (remission, low, moderate, and high) and the incidence of hospitalizations (13.1, 17.8, 21.2, 27.5 per 100 py, respectively); all adjusted hazard ratios were significant: 0.68 (remission), 0.87 (low), and 1.24 (high) compared with moderate disease activity. Similar trends were observed for ED visits and mortality. The crude difference in annual medical costs between remission ($11 145) and moderate disease activity ($17 646) was $−6 500; the adjusted difference (95%CI) was $−3133 (−4737.72, −1528.43).ConclusionLeveraging the benefits of linking registry and administrative data together, lower disease activity in RA was associated with incrementally reduced risks of all‐cause hospitalization, ED visits, mortality, and medical costs in a dose‐dependent fashion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retrospective Evaluation of Postoperative Adverse Drug Events in Patients Receiving Rivaroxaban After Major Orthopedic Surgery Compared with Standard Therapy in a Community Hospital
Authors: Cieri Nicole E. , Kusmierski Kristen , Lackie Cynthia , Van Opdorp August , Hassan Amany K. 
Published: December 2016

Study ObjectivesTo evaluate the occurrence of bleeding and venous thromboembolic (VTE) events in patients receiving rivaroxaban, warfarin, or warfarin with the addition of enoxaparin during the immediate postoperative period following major orthopedic surgery.MethodsPatients older than 18 years who received at least one dose of rivaroxaban the morning following surgery, adjusted dose warfarin, or adjusted dose warfarin with the addition of enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery between October 1, 2011, and February 28, 2015, were included. Data collected from the electronic health record included patient demographics, renal function, inpatient aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitor and/or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use, type of surgery, postoperative analgesia, and presence of VTE risk factors. Adjusted incidence rate ratio for bleeding or VTE events was estimated using modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Covariates included in a multivariable model were age, sex, aspirin use, P2Y12 inhibitor use, NSAID use, obesity, VTE risk factors, and creatinine clearance.ResultsThere were 3246 patients who met study inclusion criteria. Overall, incidences of bleeding and VTE events were rare. Bleeding event incidence ranged from 0.4% in the warfarin and warfarin with the addition of enoxaparin groups to 1.2% in the rivaroxaban group (p=0.088). There were two major bleeding events and 18 minor bleeding events (including hemorrhagic wound complications). VTE event incidence ranged from 0.2% in the warfarin with the addition of enoxaparin group to 0.6% in the rivaroxaban group (p=0.230). Two deep vein thromboses and 10 pulmonary emboli occurred. With use of the multivariable model, the warfarin and warfarin with the addition of enoxaparin groups had significantly lower incidence rates of bleeding compared with rivaroxaban (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.218, p=0.0120, and IRR = 0.242, p=0.021, respectively).Principal ConclusionsWe observed a small, yet significant, increase in rivaroxaban‐related bleeding in the immediate postoperative period relative to warfarin or warfarin with the addition of enoxaparin for the prevention of VTE after major orthopedic surgery.
Risk of depression following uterine cancer: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Chen Chao‐Yu , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Lee Chuan‐Pin , Wang Ting‐Yao , Cheng Bi‐Hua , Huang Yin‐Cheng , Chen Pau‐Chung , Liang Sophie Hsin‐Yi , Dewey Michael , Chen Vincent Chin‐Hung 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundDepression happens commonly in cancer patients. However, there is limited literature on uterine cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between uterine cancer and depression as well as the moderating effect of age and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).MethodsThis was a population‐based study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We conducted a matched cohort study and identified 6526 patients with uterine cancer and 65 260 controls. We adopted the competing risk analysis model as the statistical method and adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsFrom 1997 to 2008, 71 786 patients were included (6526 patients with uterine cancer and 65 260 controls). In the study, uterine cancer was not linked to depression. However, when we stratified the different age groups, those cancer patients aged <40 and 40 to 49 years showed significant higher risk of developing depression (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.64 and 1.41, respectively). In addition, among uterine cancer patients, 4602 patients had never used HRT and 1921 patients were prescribed HRT. The analysis of time‐dependent Cox model showed that, compared with no use of HRT, patients with cumulative doses ≥168 DDD had significant lower risk of depression (hazard ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.26‐0.92).ConclusionsAn increased risk of depression among younger uterine cancer patients was observed. Our preliminary finding suggests a possible protective factor for developing depression after HRT usage.