bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Blocks Neutrophil Degranulation
Authors: Taheri Nayyer , Fahlgren Anna , Fällman Maria 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTNeutrophils are essential components of immunity and are rapidly recruited to infected or injured tissue. Upon their activation, neutrophils release granules to the cell's exterior, through a process called degranulation. These granules contain proteins with antimicrobial properties that help combat infection. The enteropathogenic bacteriumYersinia pseudotuberculosissuccessfully persists as an extracellular bacterium during infection by virtue of its translocation of virulence effectors (Yersiniaouter proteins [Yops]) that act in the cytosol of host immune cells to subvert phagocytosis and proinflammatory responses. Here, we investigated the effect ofY. pseudotuberculosison neutrophil degranulation upon cell contact. We found that virulentY. pseudotuberculosiswas able to prevent secondary granule release. The blocking effect was general, as the release of primary and tertiary granules was also reduced. Degranulation of secondary granules was also blocked in primed neutrophils, suggesting that this mechanism could be an important element of immune evasion. Further, wild-type bacteria conferred a transient block on neutrophils that prevented their degranulation upon contact with plasmid-cured, avirulentY. pseudotuberculosisandEscherichia coli. Detailed analyses showed that the block was strictly dependent on the cooperative actions of the two antiphagocytic effectors, YopE and YopH, suggesting that the neutrophil target structures constituting signaling molecules needed to initiate both phagocytosis and general degranulation. Thus, via these virulence effectors,Yersiniacan impair several mechanisms of the neutrophil's antimicrobial arsenal, which underscores the power of its virulence effector machinery.
Evidence for Eocene–Oligocene glaciation in the landscape of the East Greenland margin
Authors: Bernard Thomas , Steer Philippe , Gallagher Kerry , Szulc Adam , Whitham Andrew , Johnson Christopher 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Assessing the onset and extent of Northern Hemisphere glaciation is required to understand Cenozoic climate change and its impact on topography. While the onset of accelerated Cenozoic erosion is generally associated with the Quaternary at mid-latitudes, some high-latitude passive margins may have undergone earlier glaciation starting at 38–30 Ma or even 45 Ma. Here we document a rapid phase of exhumation in the East Greenland margin between 68°N and 76°N starting at 30 ± 5 Ma. The timing is coincident with the dramatic worldwide fall of surface temperature at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Our inference is based on apatite fission track and apatite helium data. We suggest that a transition from an Eocene fluvial to an Oligocene glacial-dominated landscape triggered a period of enhanced erosion. This study provides the first onshore potential evidence of the onset of continental ice in East Greenland margin at the Eocene-Oligocene transition (ca. 34 Ma), contemporaneously with the onset of Antarctica glaciation and erosion. Our interpretation is consistent with that based on the oldest ice-rafted debris found in the sedimentary records offshore East Greenland and implies that East Greenland exhibits the oldest onshore record of Cenozoic glacial erosion on Earth.
The Neogene de-greening of Central Asia
Authors: Caves Jeremy K. , Moragne Danielle Y. , Ibarra Daniel E. , Bayshashov Bolat U. , Gao Yuan , Jones Matthew M. , Zhamangara Aizhan , Arzhannikova Anastasia V. , Arzhannikov Sergey G. , Chamberlain C. Page 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
There remains substantial debate concerning the relative roles of tectonics and global climate in driving the evolution of climate in Central Asia. Today, interior Asia—including the Taklamakan, Gobi, and Ordos Deserts—is exceptionally arid and is surrounded by distinct rainfall boundaries, such as those generated by the Asian monsoon systems to the east and south and those generated by high topography to the north and west. Determining how and why these boundaries have varied over the Neogene is hindered by the lack of a single proxy that can be broadly applied through space and time. We construct isoscapes of pedogenic carbonate δ13C (δ13Cc) over the Neogene in Asia by combining a compilation of 2236 published measurements with new data from three localities in northern Central Asia. Pedogenic carbonate δ13C records local aridity—excepting localities impacted by C4 grasslands and during large changes in atmospheric pCO2—through variations in soil respiration, depth of carbonate formation, and the effect of water stress on plant δ13C. Together, these effects reflect changes in both primary productivity and mean annual precipitation. Throughout the Neogene, we find consistent and exceptionally high δ13Cc in interior Asia with a ring of lower δ13Cc that demarcates higher precipitation. This persistent ring of lower δ13Cc corresponds in the south and east with the influence of the Asian monsoon systems; in the west and north, it reflects both orographic rainfall due to uplift of the Tian Shan and to moisture delivery by the mid-latitude westerlies. Finally, δ13Cc and, hence, aridity increases regionally in the latest Neogene, reflecting the effects of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and cooling. This widespread “de-greening” would have increased regional albedo and modified basin-scale water balances, resulting in greater dust fluxes due to reduced vegetative cover and precipitation.
Gut microbiota, metabolome and immune signatures in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease
Authors: Barbara Giovanni , Scaioli Eleonora , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Biagi Elena , Laghi Luca , Cremon Cesare , Marasco Giovanni , Colecchia Antonio , Picone Gianfranco , Salfi Nunzio , Capozzi Francesco , Brigidi Patrizia , Festi Davide 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe engagement of the gut microbiota in the development of symptoms and complications of diverticular disease has been frequently hypothesised. Our aim was to explore colonic immunocytes, gut microbiota and the metabolome in patients with diverticular disease in a descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot study.DesignFollowing colonoscopy with biopsy and questionnaire phenotyping, patients were classified into diverticulosis or symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease; asymptomatic subjects served as controls. Mucosal immunocytes, in the diverticular region and in unaffected sites, were quantified with immunohistochemistry. Mucosa and faecal microbiota were analysed by the phylogenetic platform high taxonomic fingerprint (HTF)-Microbi.Array, while the metabolome was assessed by1H nuclear magnetic resonance.ResultsCompared with controls, patients with diverticula, regardless of symptoms, had a >70% increase in colonic macrophages. Their faecal microbiota showed depletion ofClostridiumcluster IV.Clostridiumcluster IX,Fusobacteriumand Lactobacillaceae were reduced in symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. A negative correlation was found between macrophages and mucosalClostridiumcluster IV andAkkermansia. Urinary and faecal metabolome changes in diverticular disease involved the hippurate and kynurenine pathways. Six urinary molecules allowed to discriminate diverticular disease and control groups with >95% accuracy.ConclusionsPatients with colonic diverticular disease show depletion of microbiota members with anti-inflammatory activity associated with mucosal macrophage infiltration. Metabolome profiles were linked to inflammatory pathways and gut neuromotor dysfunction and showed the ability to discriminate diverticular subgroups and controls. These data pave the way for further large-scale studies specifically aimed at identifying microbiota signatures with a potential diagnostic value in patients with diverticular disease.
Impact of Single Event Upset on Voltage and Current Behaviors of CNTFET SRAM and a Comparison with CMOS SRAM
Authors: Rajalakshmi T. R. , Sudhakar R. 
Published: September 2016

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide a better alternative of silicon when it comes to nanoscales. Thanks to the high stability and high performance of carbon nanotube, CNT-based FET (CNTFET) devices are gaining popularity of late. They provide high packaging densities. Not much study had been done to analyze the characteristics of CNTFET SRAM in the presence of single event upset (SEU). The aim of this paper is to analyze the way in which SEU brings alterations in CNTFET SRAM characteristics and perform its comparison with respect to CMOS 6T SRAM. This paper analyzes the impact of SEU on voltage and current characteristics in CNTFET-based SRAM cell during three different conditions —read, write and hold modes. In the analysis, CNTFET SRAM showed that even small amount of radiations can cause flipping in cells and special circuitries are required to detect and correct the errors for SEU affected SRAM.
Integrative Genomic Analysis Identifies the Core Transcriptional Hallmarks of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Allain Coralie , Angenard Gaëlle , Clément Bruno , Coulouarn Cédric 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Integrative genomics helped characterize molecular heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to targeted drug candidates for specific HCC subtypes. However, no consensus was achieved for genes and pathways commonly altered in HCC. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of 15 independent datasets (n = 784 human HCC) and identified a comprehensive signature consisting of 935 genes commonly deregulated in HCC as compared with the surrounding nontumor tissue. In the HCC signature, upregulated genes were linked to early genomic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis, particularly gains of 1q and 8q. The HCC signature covered well-established cancer hallmarks, such as proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, and microenvironment remodeling, together with specific hallmarks associated with protein turnover and epigenetics. Subsequently, the HCC signature enabled us to assess the efficacy of signature-relevant drug candidates, including histone deacetylase inhibitors that specifically reduced the viability of six human HCC cell lines. Overall, this integrative genomics approach identified cancer hallmarks recurrently altered in human HCC that may be targeted by specific drugs. Combined therapies targeting common and subtype-specific cancer networks may represent a relevant therapeutic strategy in liver cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6374–81. ©2016 AACR.
Interleukin-17–Producing Neutrophils Link Inflammatory Stimuli to Disease Progression by Promoting Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Tuan-Jie , Jiang Yu-Ming , Hu Yan-Feng , Huang Lei , Yu Jiang , Zhao Li-Ying , Deng Hai-Jun , Mou Ting-Yu , Liu Hao , Yang Yang , Zhang Qi , Li Guo-Xin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Elevated levels of neutrophils have been associated with poor survival in various cancers, but direct evidence supporting a role for neutrophils in the immunopathogenesis of human cancers is lacking.
Experimental Design: A total of 573 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were performed to analyze the distribution and clinical relevance of neutrophils in different microanatomic regions. The regulation and function of neutrophils were assessed both in vitro and in vivo.
Results: Increased neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood were associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. In gastric cancer tissues, neutrophils were enriched predominantly in the invasive margin, and neutrophil levels were a powerful predictor of poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. IL17+ neutrophils constitute a large portion of IL17-producing cells in human gastric cancer. Proinflammatory IL17 is a critical mediator of the recruitment of neutrophils into the invasive margin by CXC chemokines. Moreover, neutrophils at the invasive margin were a major source of matrix metalloproteinase-9, a secreted protein that stimulates proangiogenic activity in gastric cancer cells. Accordingly, high levels of infiltrated neutrophils at the invasive margin were positively correlated with angiogenesis progression in patients with gastric cancer.
Conclusions: These data provide direct evidence supporting the pivotal role of neutrophils in gastric cancer progression and reveal a novel immune escape mechanism involving fine-tuned collaborative action between cancer cells and immune cells in the distinct tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1575–85. ©2016 AACR.
Early Follow-Up After a Heart Failure Exacerbation
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Youngson Erik , Kaul Padma , Ezekowitz Justin A. 
Published: September 2016

Background—
Although early follow-up for heart failure (HF) is recommended, the time window and which physicians should do the follow-up are unclear. We explored whether (1) follow-up within 14 days and (2) physician continuity influence outcomes within 30 days of a HF exacerbation.

Methods and Results—
Retrospective cohort of all adults in Alberta, Canada, with a first discharge from a hospital or an emergency department where HF was the most responsible diagnosis between April 2002 and November 2013, analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates. Of 39 249 adults (mean age, 76.1 years), 21 848 (55.7%) received follow-up from a familiar physician, 3938 (10.0%) saw an unfamiliar physician, and 13 463 (34.3%) had no outpatient visits in the first 14 days after a hospitalization or emergency department visit for HF. The risk of death or hospitalization within 30 days was lower in patients who saw a familiar physician (16.9%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.99) than in those who saw an unfamiliar physician (20.0%; aHR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97–1.15) or those with no outpatient visits (22.0%; aHR, 1.00 [referent]). The composite of death or emergency department visit or hospitalization within 30 days was also less common with familiar physician follow-up (25.2%; aHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82–0.89) compared with unfamiliar physicians (26.9%; aHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.996) or those with no outpatient follow-up within 14 days (47.5%; aHR, 1.00 [referent]).

Conclusions—
Outpatient follow-up within 14 days after HF exacerbation requiring hospitalization or emergency department visit is associated with better outcomes, particularly if the follow-up is with a familiar physician.
Cardiac Electrical and Structural Changes During Bacterial Infection: An Instructive Model to Study Cardiac Dysfunction in Sepsis
Authors: Makara Michael A. , Hoang Ky V. , Ganesan Latha P. , Crouser Elliot D. , Khan Mahmood , Gunn John S. , Turner Joanne , Schlesinger Larry S. , Mohler Peter J. , Rajaram Murugesan V.S. 
Published: September 2016

Background
Sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction have significantly higher mortality. Although several pathways are associated with myocardial damage in sepsis, the precise cause(s) remains unclear and treatment options are limited. This study was designed to develop a new model to investigate the early events of cardiac damage during sepsis progression.

Methods and Results

Francisella tularensis subspecies novicida
(
Ft.n
) is a Gram‐negative intracellular pathogen causing severe sepsis syndrome in mice.
BALB
/c mice (N=12) were sham treated or infected with
Ft.n
through the intranasal route. Serial electrocardiograms were recorded at multiple time points until 96 hours. Hearts were then harvested for histology and gene expression studies. Similar to septic patients, we illustrate both cardiac electrical and structural phenotypes in our murine
Ft.n
infection model, including prominent R' wave formation, prolonged
QRS
intervals, and significant left ventricular dysfunction. Notably, in infected animals, we detected numerous microlesions in the myocardium, previously observed following nosocomial
Streptococcu
s infection and in sepsis patients. We show that
Ft.n
‐mediated microlesions are attributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased immune cell infiltration, and expression of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [
IL]
‐1β,
IL
‐8, and superoxide dismutase 2). Finally, we identify increased expression of microRNA‐155 and rapid degradation of heat shock factor 1 following cardiac
Ft.n
infection as a primary cause of myocardial inflammation and apoptosis.

Conclusions

We have developed and characterized an
Ft.n
infection model to understand the pathogenesis of cardiac dysregulation in sepsis. Our findings illustrate novel in vivo phenotypes underlying cardiac dysfunction during
Ft.n
infection with significant translational impact on our understanding of sepsis pathophysiology.
Hierarchies of Attention and Experimental Designs: Effects of Spatial and Intermodal Attention Revisited
Authors: Shrem Talia , Deouell Leon Y. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
When attention is directed to stimuli in a given modality and location, information processing in other irrelevant modalities at this location is affected too. This spread of attention to irrelevant stimuli is often interpreted as superiority of location selection over modality selection. However, this conclusion is based on experimental paradigms in which spatial attention was transient whereas intermodal attention was sustained. Furthermore, whether modality selection affects processing in the task-relevant modality at irrelevant locations remains an open question. Here, we addressed effects of simultaneous spatial and intermodal attention in an EEG study using a balanced design where spatial attention was transient and intermodal attention sustained or vice versa. Effects of spatial attention were not affected by which modality was attended and effects of intermodal attention were not affected by whether the stimuli were at the attended location or not. This suggests not only spread of spatial attention to task-irrelevant modalities but also spread of intermodal attention to task-irrelevant locations. Whether spatial attention was transient or sustained did not alter the effect of spatial attention on visual N1 and Nd1 responses. Prestimulus preparatory occipital alpha band responses were affected by both transient and sustained spatial cueing, whereas late post-stimulus responses were more strongly affected by sustained than by transient spatial attention. Sustained but not transient intermodal attention affected late responses (&gt;200 msec) to visual stimuli. Together, the results undermine the universal superiority of spatial attention and suggest that the mode of attention manipulation is an important factor determining attention effects.
Soccer-Related Facial Trauma
Authors: Bobian Michael R. , Hanba Curtis J. , Svider Peter F. , Hojjat Houmehr , Folbe Adam J. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Shkoukani Mahdi A. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Soccer participation continues to increase among all ages in the US. Our objective was to analyze trends in soccer-related facial injury epidemiology, demographics, and mechanisms of injury. Materials and Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was evaluated for soccer-related facial injuries from 2010 through 2014. Results for product code “soccer” were filtered for injures to the face. Number of injuries was extrapolated, and data were analyzed for age, sex, specific injury diagnoses, locations, and mechanisms. Results: In all, 2054 soccer-related facial trauma entries were analyzed. During this time, the number of injures remained relatively stable. Lacerations were the most common diagnosis (44.2%), followed by contusions and fractures. The most common sites of fracture were the nose (75.1%). Of fractures with a reported mechanism of injury, the most common was head-to-head collisions (39.0%). Patients <19 years accounted for 66.9% of injuries, and athletes over 18 years old had a higher risk of fractures. Conclusions: The incidence of soccer-related facial trauma has remained stable, but the severity of such injuries remain a danger. Facial protection in soccer is virtually absent, and our findings reinforce the need to educate athletes, families, and physicians on injury awareness and prevention.
Achievement of Weight Loss and Other Requirements of the Diabetes Prevention and Recognition Program
Authors: DiBenedetto Joanna Craver , Blum Natalie M. , O’Brian Catherine A. , Kolb Leslie E. , Lipman Ruth D. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose The purpose of this report is (1) to describe the use of the American Association of Diabetes Educators’ (AADE’s) model of implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program through nationally certified diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs and (2) to report the aggregated program outcomes as defined by the Diabetes Prevention and Recognition Program standards of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methods In 2012, the AADE worked with the CDC to select 30 certified DSME programs for National Diabetes Prevention Program delivery. For the following 3 years, the AADE continued to work with 25 of the 30 original programs. Results for all CDC recognition standards have been collected from these 25 programs and analyzed as aggregated data over the course of 36 months. Results At the end of the full-year program, average percentage body weight loss for participants across all 25 programs exceeded the CDC’s minimum requirement of 5% weight loss. All programs on average met the CDC requirements for program attendance. Conclusion Increasing access to the National Diabetes Prevention Program, through an array of networks, including certified DSME programs, will better ensure that people are able to engage in an effective approach to reducing their risk of diabetes.
The location of obstruction predicts stent occlusion in malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Grunwald Douglas , Cohen Jonah , Bartley Anthony , Sheridan Jennifer , Chuttani Ram , Sawhney Mandeep S. , Pleskow Douglas K. , Berzin Tyler M. , Mizrahi Meir 
Published: September 2016

Background: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) can occur with locally invasive or metastatic cancer involving the upper gastrointestinal tract at the pylorus or the duodenum. Endoscopic management with self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) is often the preferred palliative approach. Stent occlusion is a common reason for failure and reintervention. We set out to determine whether the location of the malignant obstruction is associated with the angulation of the stent and can predict stent occlusion. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent successful duodenal stenting with SEMS for malignant GOO between 2006 and 2015 at a large advanced endoscopy referral center. We determined the location of obstruction, the stent angle, and the rate of technical and clinical success of stent placement. We then identified cases of subsequent stent occlusion confirmed by endoscopic evaluation. Results: A total of 100 consecutive patients were included in the study; 91 of these patients had enough data to evaluate SEMS occlusion. A total of 21 patients (23%) developed stent occlusion with a median time of 39 days. The risk of occlusion sequentially increased as the obstruction occurred more distally from the antrum to the third or fourth portion of the duodenum ( p = 0.006). This relationship was maintained after controlling for stent angle ( p = 0.05). Conclusions: A distal location of malignant GOO was strongly predictive of stent occlusion, independent of stent angle. This may be due to longer and more complex distal obstructions, along with foreshortening of the stent during placement and tumor infiltration. If replicated, these results will have implications for endoscopic practice and future device development.