bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EXTENDED HIGH A(V) QUASAR SURVEY: SEARCHING FOR DUSTY ABSORBERS TOWARD MID-INFRARED-SELECTED QUASARS
Authors: Krogager J.-K. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Heintz K. E. , Geier S. , Ledoux C. , Møller P. , Noterdaeme P. , Venemans B. P. , Vestergaard M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a new spectroscopic survey for dusty intervening absorption systems, particularly damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs), toward reddened quasars. The candidate quasars are selected from mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer combined with optical and near-infrared photometry. Out of 1073 candidates, we secure low-resolution spectra for 108 using the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma, Spain. Based on the spectra, we are able to classify 100 of the 108 targets as quasars. A large fraction (50%) is observed to have broad absorption lines (BALs). Moreover, we find six quasars with strange breaks in their spectra, which are not consistent with regular dust reddening. Using template fitting, we infer the amount of reddening along each line of sight ranging from A(V) ≈ 0.1 to 1.2 mag (assuming a Small Magellanic Cloud extinction curve). In four cases, the reddening is consistent with dust exhibiting the 2175 Å feature caused by an intervening absorber, and for two of these, an Mg ii absorption system is observed at the best-fit absorption redshift. In the rest of the cases, the reddening is most likely intrinsic to the quasar. We observe no evidence for dusty DLAs in this survey. However, the large fraction of BAL quasars hampers the detection of absorption systems. Out of the 50 non-BAL quasars, only 28 have sufficiently high redshift to detect Lyα in absorption.
BANYAN. VIII. NEW LOW-MASS STARS AND BROWN DWARFS WITH CANDIDATE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS
Authors: Boucher Anne , Lafrenière David , Gagné Jonathan , Malo Lison , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Doyon René , Chen Christine H. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a search for new circumstellar disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with spectral types >K5 that are confirmed or candidate members of nearby young moving groups. Our search input sample was drawn from the BANYAN surveys of Malo et al. and Gagné et al. Two Micron All-Sky Survey and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data were used to detect near- to mid-infrared excesses that would reveal the presence of circumstellar disks. A total of 13 targets with convincing excesses were identified: 4 are new and 9 were already known in the literature. The new candidates are 2MASS J05010082–4337102 (M4.5), J08561384–1342242 (

), J12474428–3816464 (

), and J02265658–5327032 (

); they are candidate members of the TW Hya (

Myr), Columba (∼

Myr), and Tucana-Horologium (

Myr) associations, with masses of 120 and 13–18

. The M8–L0 objects in Columba and Tucana-Horologium are potentially among the first substellar disk systems aged ∼40 Myr. Estimates of the new candidates’ mean disk temperatures and fractional luminosities are in the ranges ∼

and

, respectively. New optical spectroscopy of J0501–4337 reveals strong Hα emission, possibly indicating ongoing accretion, provides a detection of lithium absorption, and shows a radial velocity measurement that is consistent with a membership to Columba. We also present a near-infrared spectrum of J0226–5327 that reveals Paschen β emission and shows signs of low surface gravity, consistent with accretion from a disk and a young age.
THE CHARGE STATE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ACROSS REFLECTION NEBULAE: PAH CHARGE BALANCE AND CALIBRATION
Authors: Boersma C. , Bregman J. , Allamandola L. J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Low-resolution Spitzer spectral map data (>1700 spectra) of ten reflection nebulae (RNe) fields are analyzed using the data and tools available through the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database. The PAH emission is broken down into PAH charge state using a database fitting approach. Here, the physics of the PAH emission process is taken into account and uses target appropriate parameters, e.g., a stellar radiation model for the exciting star. The breakdown results are combined with results derived using the traditional PAH band strength approach, which interprets particular PAH band strength ratios as proxies for the PAH charge state, e.g., the 6.2/11.2 μm PAH band strength ratio. These are successfully calibrated against their database equivalent; the PAH ionized fraction (f

i
). The PAH ionized fraction is converted into the PAH ionization parameter, which relates the PAH ionized fraction to the strength of the radiation field, gas temperature and electron density. The behavior of the 12.7 μm PAH band is evaluated as a tracer for PAH ionization and erosion. The plot of the 8.6 versus 11.2 μm PAH band strength for the northwest photo-dominated region (PDR) in NGC 7023 is shown to be a robust diagnostic template for the PAH ionized fraction. Remarkably, most of the other RNe fall within the limits set by NGC 7023. Finally, PAH spectroscopic templates are constructed and verified as principal components. Template spectra derived from NGC 7023 and NGC 2023 compare extremely well with each other, with those derived for NGC 7023 successfully reproducing the PAH emission observed from NGC 2023.
Temps et non-temps de la Chine en Afrique
Authors: Aurégan Xavier 
Published: November 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser les relations entre la Chine et l’Afrique depuis les années 1950 à travers trois principaux temps qui permettent de mettre en perspective les « vingt glorieuses » de la Chine en Afrique, soit les rapports économiques et politiques afférents depuis 1994. Si le continent africain est un faiseur de puissance, l’inverse est également vrai puisque la Chine populaire est bien le principal acteur de la reconfiguration géopolitique africaine. En d’autres termes, la présence accrue de Pékin impose de facto une reconsidération des Afriques cosmopolitiques, qui se veut désormais essentiellement économique, mais pas uniquement. En cela, l’historicité de ce rapport global Chine-Afrique permet de reconsidérer ce changement de paradigme et d’en comprendre les différentes modalités et temporalités.
« Académie européenne » ou « europäische Akademie » ?
Authors: Roa Bastos Francisco 
Published: November 2016

Cet article se penche sur le développement des « études européennes » en Allemagne depuis 1945. Partant du constat de l’importance quantitative des travaux allemands sur l’Europe, il analyse les facteurs ayant pu favoriser en Allemagne l’institutionnalisation précoce des « études européennes ». Parmi ceux-ci, l’existence d’une prise en charge publique de l’« éducation politique » ( politische Bildung ) aux affaires nationales et européennes, mais aussi les moyens disponibles pour la structuration d’un mouvement fédéraliste européen autour de Europa Union Deutschland et ses dépendances jouent un rôle essentiel dans la production d’une « Académie européenne » à forte « tonalité allemande ».
De la carte routière à l’itinéraire obligé
Authors: Visier Claire 
Published: November 2016

En nous centrant sur les relations interinstitutionnelles, il s’agit ici de comprendre les transformations qui ont affecté la politique européenne d’élargissement au cours des années 2000. Au travers de l’analyse des documents officiels, nous retracerons comment, dans un contexte de forte politisation de l’élargissement, les prises de positions et les interactions ont présidé, de façon contingente, à un réagencement du dispositif de l’élargissement à partir d’une transformation du paramétrage des instruments. Nous insisterons ensuite sur les effets induits de ce réagencement qui ont conduit au renouvellement en profondeur de la méthodologie de l’élargissement, et se faisant, à la transformation de la finalité d’une des composantes de la politique d’élargissement (la stratégie de préadhésion), ainsi qu’à la remise en cause du référentiel de la conditionnalité.
La adaptación de la pequeña empresa al neoliberalismo
Authors: Reyes Avellaneda Rafael , Solís Pérez Pedro Constantino 
Published: November 2016

Avec la crise économique des années quatre-vingt au Mexique, l'État a modifié le modèle de régulation du marché, et changé un modèle de « bien-être » par un modèle « néolibéral ». Par la suite, le modèle est dépassé par l’incapacité de résoudre les problèmes économiques et sociaux, et le changement vers un style de pratique de gestion basé sur le rapport coût-bénéfice est le principal facteur avec lequel les autres participants de la société civile se rapportent : entrepreneurs, organisations civiles et individus dans la société.	Dans ce modèle de gestion managériale du marché, régi par l'État, le marché devient ouvert, ayant seulement un cadre juridique, mais sans l’ingérence de l'État pour générer la croissance économique. Dans la poursuite de l'efficacité du marché, l'entreprise utilise de nouveaux mécanismes d'organisation ou de structures hiérarchiques comme un moyen de faire face à l'incertitude sur le marché. Ce modèle néolibéral de concurrence, et d'efficacité des entreprises au Mexique, génère chômage, sous-employés, précarité de l’emploi et une économie informelle. De petites entreprises émergent dans le secteur informel avec une forme particulière d'organisation, relations avec la famille, les amis et les usuriers, et un accès facile au marché exigeant de faibles niveaux de capital, d'éducation et d’infrastructure.	Dans ce contexte, l'État se concentre sur les petits réseaux d'entreprises formelles et cherche à les intégrer dans des réseaux de grandes entreprises à travers des figures intermédiaires connus sous le nom d’accélérateurs, les gazelles et les tracteurs. Une solution fonctionnelle pour intégrer le modèle institutionnel aux petites entreprises informelles est de permettre de payer des impôts peu élevés par rapport aux entreprises formelles, en leur donnant l’occasion de se développer de façon indépendante et, si nécessaire, de les intégrer dans les chaînes de production, en leur donnant accès au crédit, à la technologie et à la formation.
La Cultura Empresarial y su relación con el liderazgo de aprendizaje en las MIPyMES de la Ciudad de Durango, México
Authors: Gómez Romero José Gerardo Ignacio , Villarreal Solís Francisco Martín , Gurrola Ríos César 
Published: November 2016

Le but de cette étude est d’analyser la relation entre les types de culture et d’apprentissage de leadership dans les TPE et PME de la ville de Durango, au Mexique ; particulièrement, elle a déterminé, d’une part, quelle est la culture d’entreprise dominante et le leadership d’apprentissage plus pertinent et d’autre part, comment l’apprentissage de leadership contribue à expliquer le type de culture.	Pour atteindre ce but, un questionnaire appliqué a été basé sur Yeung, Ulrich, Nason et Von Glinow, (2000) et Gómez (2008) à un échantillon de 325 entreprises. Les résultats montrent que la culture dominante est “l’adhocratie” et que la direction de l’apprentissage dominant est le « Coach ».	Les résultats révèlent également que l’apprentissage du leadership a un impact statistiquement significatif sur le type de culture d’entreprise visible dans les organisations étudiées.
Type I IFN Inhibits Alternative Macrophage Activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Leads to Enhanced Protection in the Absence of IFN-γ Signaling
Authors: Moreira-Teixeira Lúcia , Sousa Jeremy , McNab Finlay W. , Torrado Egídio , Cardoso Filipa , Machado Henrique , Castro Flávia , Cardoso Vânia , Gaifem Joana , Wu Xuemei , Appelberg Rui , Castro António Gil , O’Garra Anne , Saraiva Margarida 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Tuberculosis causes ∼1.5 million deaths every year, thus remaining a leading cause of death from infectious diseases in the world. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that type I IFN plays a detrimental role in tuberculosis pathogenesis, likely by interfering with IFN-γ–dependent immunity. In this article, we reveal a novel mechanism by which type I IFN may confer protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the absence of IFN-γ signaling. We show that production of type I IFN by M. tuberculosis–infected macrophages induced NO synthase 2 and inhibited arginase 1 gene expression. In vivo, absence of both type I and type II IFN receptors led to strikingly increased levels of arginase 1 gene expression and protein activity in infected lungs, characteristic of alternatively activated macrophages. This correlated with increased lung bacterial burden and pathology and decreased survival compared with mice deficient in either receptor. Increased expression of other genes associated with alternatively activated macrophages, as well as increased expression of Th2-associated cytokines and decreased TNF expression, were also observed. Thus, in the absence of IFN-γ signaling, type I IFN suppressed the switching of macrophages from a more protective classically activated phenotype to a more permissive alternatively activated phenotype. Together, our data support a model in which suppression of alternative macrophage activation by type I IFN during M. tuberculosis infection, in the absence of IFN-γ signaling, contributes to host protection.
Overexpression of Soluble Fas Ligand following Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy Prevents Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Chronic and Acute Murine Models of Glaucoma
Authors: Krishnan Anitha , Fei Fei , Jones Alexander , Busto Patricia , Marshak-Rothstein Ann , Ksander Bruce R. , Gregory-Ksander Meredith 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease resulting in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and irreversible blindness. Glaucoma-associated RGC death depends on the proapoptotic and proinflammatory activity of membrane-bound Fas ligand (mFasL). In contrast to mFasL, the natural cleavage product, soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) inhibits mFasL-mediated apoptosis and inflammation and, therefore, is an mFasL antagonist. DBA/2J mice spontaneously develop glaucoma and, predictably, RGC destruction is exacerbated by expression of a mutated membrane-only FasL gene that lacks the extracellular cleavage site. Remarkably, one-time intraocular adeno-associated virus–mediated gene delivery of sFasL provides complete and sustained neuroprotection in the chronic DBA/2J and acute microbead-induced models of glaucoma, even in the presence of elevated intraocular pressure. This protection correlated with inhibition of glial activation, reduced production of TNF-α, and decreased apoptosis of RGCs and loss of axons. These data indicate that cleavage of FasL under homeostatic conditions, and the ensuing release of sFasL, normally limits the neurodestructive activity of FasL. The data further support the notion that sFasL, and not mFasL, contributes to the immune-privileged status of the eye.
First-in-Human Study in Healthy Subjects with FR104, a Pegylated Monoclonal Antibody Fragment Antagonist of CD28
Authors: Poirier Nicolas , Blancho Gilles , Hiance Maryvonne , Mary Caroline , Van Assche Tim , Lempoels Jos , Ramael Steven , Wang Weirong , Thepenier Virginie , Braudeau Cecile , Salabert Nina , Josien Regis , Anderson Ian , Gourley Ian , Soulillou Jean-Paul , Coquoz Didier , Vanhove Bernard 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
FR104 is a monovalent pegylated Fab′ Ab, antagonist of CD28, under development for treatment of transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases. In contrast to CD80/86 antagonists (CTLA4-Ig), FR104 selectively blunts CD28 costimulation while sparing CTLA-4 and PD-L1 coinhibitory signals. In the present work, FR104 has been evaluated in a first-in-human study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potency of i.v. administrations in healthy subjects. Sixty-four subjects were randomly assigned to four single ascending dose groups, two double dose groups and four single ascending dose groups challenged with keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Subjects were followed up over a maximum of 113 d. Overall, the pharmacokinetics of FR104 after a single and double infusions was approximately linear at doses ≥0.200 mg/kg. CD28 receptor occupancy by FR104 was saturated at the first sampling time point (0.5 h) at doses above 0.02 mg/kg and returned to 50% in a dose-dependent manner, by day 15 (0.020 mg/kg) to 85 (1.500 mg/kg). FR104 was well tolerated, with no evidence of cytokine-release syndrome and no impact on blood lymphocyte subsets. Inhibition of anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin Ab response was dose-dependent in FR104 recipients and was already apparent at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg. Abs to FR104 were detected in 22/46 (48%) of FR104 recipients and only 1/46 (2.2%) was detected during drug exposure. In conclusion, selective blockade of CD28 with FR104 was safe and well tolerated at the doses tested. The observed immunosuppressive activity indicated that FR104 has potential to show clinical activity in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
Novel Mold-free Fan-out Wafer Level Package using Silicon Wafer
Authors: Kelkar Amit , Sridharan Vivek , Tran Khanh , Ikeuchi Kiyoko , Srivastava Anu , Khandekar Viren , Agrawal Ricky 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The ever increasing demand for high levels of integration and miniaturization has created new transistor nodes, shrunk redistribution line width/space, and driven a reduction in solder bump pitch. This has created the need for Fan-out packaging. This paper presents a novel Fan-out Wafer level package which does not require use of molding process or materials used typically in such packages. In this technique, silicon is used as the carrier material instead of molding compound. Advantages of silicon include good reliability, high thermal stability, and low cost. This novel Mold-free Fan-out package passes standard reliability tests including temperature cycling (TCT), Drop test (DT), and Convection reflow.
Advantages and limitations of ceramic packaging technologies in harsh applications
Authors: Bartnitzek Thomas , Thelemann Torsten , Apel Stefan , Suphan Karl-Heinz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Rising operating temperatures, environmental restrictions, harsh conditions around our electronics, shortage of space, expectations for long-term reliability and cost are some of the driving forces we all have to deal with during electronics design. While microelectronics and semiconductor industries are running in Moore's beat bringing out impressively small analog, digital or MEMS chips, their packaging is more often the actual challenge for developers and system designers. Advancing systems-on-package, smart sensors, modules for signal processing under extreme conditions need special packaging technologies and materials as well. There, at the front of the application sector, the availability of striking silicon dies alone does not automatically deliver solutions for some advanced applications. Some of the drawbacks with traditional PCB's and housings can be resolved using ceramic boards and suitable connection technologies. A good combination of miniaturization potential and advantageous characteristics from ceramic materials is given with ceramic multilayer boards, which are available in various types. The conference lecture will show an overview about advantages and handicaps of materials, components and technologies. Traditional thick film, LTCC and HTCC as well as thin films on ceramic carriers will be illuminated in terms of pro's and con's from compatibility, cost, performance and availability points of view. Finally ceramic packages have to be technologically completed by suitable interconnection techniques, where wire bonding, adhesive bonding and soldering are just a choice of, each of them in many versions that fit to the specific requirements and to best possible connections.
New ferrimagnetic garnets for LTCC-technology circulators
Authors: Qassym Lilia , Cibien Gérard , Lebourgeois Richard , Martin Gilles , Colson Dorothée 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Yttrium Iron Garnet based ferrites are used in non-reciprocal devices like microwave circulators and isolators. The low dielectric and magnetic losses of those materials provide the required properties. The main drawbacks of circulators are their size and cost, due to complex mechanical assembling of the different materials.
In order to simplify this complex manufacturing process, a possible solution would be to adapt the different materials to a common LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) process: the circulators would be produced with an additive multilayer process. We showed that cationic substitutions (bismuth and copper) enable a considerable decrease of the sintering temperature of garnets, from about 1450°C to down to 950°C. Due to bismuth cations, a high permittivity is achieved allowing the reduction of the circulator size. Our most recent results show that it is possible to decrease this temperature down to 880°C, thanks to vanadium substitutions. This significant decrease of the sintering temperature leads to a compatible material for co-firing with gold and in particular with silver (melting point of 1064°C and 962°C respectively). Different assemblies of tapes were studied: ferrite with silver or gold, ferrite with dielectric and ferrite with dielectric and metallization.
Physical analyses are exposed (dilatometry, coefficient of thermal expansion…) and magnetic and dielectric properties are discussed (permittivity and saturation magnetization). Moreover the first results of circulators in LTCC-technology with gold and silver screen printing are presented (transmission, isolation and return loss) and the compatibility of the different elements is analyzed.
Co-Design and Demonstration of a Fully Integrated Optical Transceiver Package Featuring Optical, Electrical, and Thermal Interconnects in Glass Substrate
Authors: Chou Bruce , Sawyer Brett , Vis William , Furuya Ryuta , Liu Fuhan , Sundaram Venky , Tummala Rao 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the design and demonstration of a glass package that emulates a 400 Gbps optical transceiver module. The co-design methodology ensures that requirements for optical, electrical, and thermal interconnects are met. It terms of optics, the integrated turning structure demonstrated last year is refined to reduce coupling loss to &lt;3 dB without adding significant process complexity. 28 Gbps high speed electrical interconnects are fabricated directly on glass for insertion loss &lt; 0.1 dB/mm. Thermal management is enabled by the use of thermal vias, which can modify the equivalent thermal conductivity of glass substrate to provide local heat sinking capability. The integrated design is fabricated utilizing a panel scalable process flow developed by the authors with shared steps. Initial characterization results confirms the electrical performance and the quality of optical turning structures.
Plasma Activated Bonding for an Enhanced Alignment Electrostatic Lens
Authors: Asadollahei Elham Vakil , Gamero-Castaño Manuel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article presents the design and fabrication of an electrostatic lens unit for the focusing of an electrospray beam. In our design, the post fabrication assembly is eliminated when silicon electrodes and glass spacers are permanently bonded using plasma activated wafer bonding. Minimizing fabrication errors and electrodes misalignment are essential in order to minimize geometrical aberration sources such as astigmatism. Our fabrication process allows etching each electrode in a separate step and eliminates aperture size mismatch. The glass standoffs in the lens unit provide a breakdown voltage of up to 22kV for focusing in vacuum.