bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic landscape characterization and comparative analysis of tissue and liquid-based next-generation sequencing in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chiao-En , Yeh Chun-Nan , Lin Shu-Fu , Wu Chia-Ling , Liou Miaw-Jene , Chen I-Wen , Chen Chiao-Ping , Chang Ching-Fu , Wang Qi‑An 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive disease that requires prompt diagnosis and multimodal treatment. Recent advancements in targeted therapies have offered new treatment options for patients with ATC, potentially improving their clinical outcomes. Ongoing progress in high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled clinicians to comprehensively characterize the genomic landscape of tumors, guide treatment decisions, and facilitate clinical trial enrollment. The role of liquid NGS in ATC remains unclear, particularly in cases where tissue NGS is not feasible or yields inadequate results. This study assessed patients with ATC treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, between 2011 and 2023. Among these, 26 patients had adequate tissue for commercially available tissue NGS (ACTOnco®+, 440 genes), 15 had access to a commercially available liquid NGS platform (ACTMonitor®+, 50 genes), and 13 patients underwent both tissue and liquid NGS. The genetic alterations observed in ATC exhibited a high degree of heterogeneity, involving several pathways, including RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (73.1%), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (57.7%), cell cycle regulation (92.3%), other receptor tyrosine kinases (65.4%), DNA damage response (50.0%), DNA mismatch repair (MMR, 34.6%, including MLH1, MSH6, MSH2, and PMS1), and chromatin remodeling (76.9%). The most frequently mutated genes in tissue NGS were TP53 (17/26, 65.4%) and BRAF (8/26, 30.8%). Among the 13 pairs analyzed on both platforms, the concordance rates were 84.6% and 69.2% for BRAF and TP53, respectively. Among two patients without sufficient tissue for NGS, liquid NGS provided additional information on genetic alterations. Two ATC patients treated with dabrafenib and trametinib had treatment-naïve and post-treatment tissue samples for NGS, but only one patient (two samples; ATC01 after) showed copy number gain over genes, which may be associated with resistance. NGS platforms, whether applied to tissue or liquid samples, can empower clinicians to identify targetable oncogenic events in ATC. Liquid biopsy provides supplementary information when the tissue is insufficient for NGS. Additional studies are needed to understand the resistance mechanisms associated with BRAF-targeted therapy and explore strategies to overcome resistance.
A multi-center, open-label, randomized clinical trial evaluating the preventive effect of perampanel on craniotomy-induced epileptogenesis in seizure-naive patients with supratentorial brain tumors: study protocol for a GRAMPAS trial
Authors: Yamaguchi Junya , Ohka Fumiharu , Motomura Kazuya , Ishizaki Tomotaka , Nakahara Norimoto , Fujitani Shigeru , Nagatani Tetsuya , Ohno Masasuke , Ando Masahiko , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Nishida Kazuki , Saito Ryuta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Early seizures after craniotomy are significant perioperative events that can be detrimental to patients. Although the preventive effects of antiseizure drugs on seizures after craniotomies have not been demonstrated and the use of antiseizure drugs to prevent seizures after craniotomy is not recommended by official guidelines, many clinicians prescribe these drugs to prevent seizures after craniotomies. The current discrepancy between the guideline recommendations and actual clinical practice is problematic.This multi-center, randomized clinical trial was designed to investigate the preventive effects of perampanel on early seizures after craniotomy.
Method
This multi-center, open-label, randomized clinical trial will be conducted at five hospitals in Nagoya, Japan between February 2024 and December 2026. A total of 142 seizure-naive patients with supratentorial brain tumors will be recruited. The participants will be randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups (1:1). Participants in the treatment group will receive 2 mg of perampanel for 2 days before surgery and 28 days postoperatively. The participants in the control group will not take antiseizure drugs. The primary outcome is the incidence of seizures within 28 days after craniotomy. Secondary outcomes are length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, and postoperative complications.
Discussion
Considering the discrepancy between the guidelines and the clinical use of antiseizure drugs for the control of early seizures after craniotomy, there is an urgent need for new evidence. This is the first multi-center, randomized clinical trial to investigate the preventive effect of perampanel on early seizures after craniotomy. The results of this trial have important implications for the current, unsubstantiated, perioperative use of antiseizure drugs.
Trial registration
Japan Registry of Clinical Trials approved and registered this trial n 9th April 2024. Approved number is jRCTs041230117. Japan Registry of Clinical Trials is an approved member of the Primary Registry Network of the World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.
The application of magnifying endoscopy in the diagnosis of cervical lesions
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Jue , Sun Tao , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Limei , Wang Qing , Sui Long , Hua Keqin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of magnifying endoscopy in the examination of patients with high-risk factors for cervical lesions.
Methods
Two equally skilled colposcopy specialists examined 59 patients admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University between March 14, 2023, and April 15, 2023. These patients underwent both colposcopy and magnifying endoscopy examinations. Preliminary diagnoses were then made by the two colposcopy specialists using colposcopy and magnifying endoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of these methods were then evaluated compared to the postoperative pathology diagnosis for a better understanding of their efficacy.
Results
Colposcopy exhibited sensitivity rates of 23.08% for the diagnosis of normal tissue, 10% for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 90% for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 84.62% for cervical cancer, with specificity rates of 93.94%, 67.35%, 71.43%, and 100%, respectively. In contrast, magnifying endoscopy demonstrated sensitivity rates of 42.31%, 40%, 90%, and 92.31% for normal tissue, LSIL, HSIL, and cervical cancer, respectively. The corresponding specificity rates for these categories were 87.88%, 77.55%, 83.67%, and 100%.
Conclusion
Magnifying endoscopy exhibits higher sensitivity and specificity compared to colposcopy in detecting cervical lesions. With the ability to magnify lesions up to 520 times, magnifying endoscopy facilitates precise visualization of cellular-level lesions, as well as associated anatomical features and vascular signals.
β-tcp/collagen composite scaffolds facilitate bone remodeling in vertebral plate fusion
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liang Xuegang , Xu Shaowei , Wang Lijuan , Hao Bin , Ma Jian , Wang Xueqi , He Xijing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) exhibits rapid osteogenesis and poor ductility. To overcome these disadvantages, we selected β-TCP/collagen for this study.
Methods
β-TCP/collagen and β-TCP were used as experimental and control groups, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with the material, and the osteogenic ability of the cells was observed using experimental methods such as scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, alizarin red staining, ALP staining, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. In the animal experiment, we selected lumbar 3–4 and lumbar 4–5 vertebral plates of the kid goat for implantation of β-TCP/collagen and β-TCP materials, and observed the osteogenesis of vertebral plates at different time periods.
Results
The β-TCP/collagen have larger mesh pores, which facilitates successful cell crawling growth in in vitro experiments, generates more bone trabeculae from implant fusion in animal experiments, and permits inclusion body formation. Moreover, inclusion body formation was later in the β-TCP/collagen group than in the β-TCP group, but continued for a long period of osteogenesis, and its osteogenic fusion capacity was stronger.
Conclusions
We hypothesized that the timing of vascular emergence during bone remodeling affects the ability of autologous bone fusion and also suggested that β-TCP/collagen possess longer and stronger osteogenic capacity, making them more suitable for a wide range of clinical applications.
Characteristic Gut Microbial Species Associated with Salt Sensitivity in Hypertensive and Normotensive Tibetan Individuals
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Zhidong , Cao Liangjia , Xu Wenjuan , Jin Hua , Yasen Rukeye , Hu Jihong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Backgroud: The study examined the diversity of gut microbiome in Tibetans residing in Gannan Prefecture, China, across varying levels of blood pressure in order to investigate the potential relationship between blood pressure, salt sensitivity, and gut microorganisms for the development of strategies aimed at preventing hypertension. Methods: Utilizing data obtained from the National Natural Science Foundation of China project (No. 81960614), a cohort of 152 individuals was selected from a population of 1459 Tibetans following a seven-year period of surveillance in Lintan and Zhoni counties. These participants underwent comprehensive evaluations encompassing questionnaires, physical examinations, blood pressure measurements, and assessments of salt sensitivity. Subsequently, the individuals were categorized into distinct groups based on their salt sensitivity and hypertensive status, including Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive (SSHS), Non-Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive (NSSHS), Salt-Sensitive Normotensive (SSNHS), and Non-Salt-Sensitive Normotensive (NSSNHS). Results: Significant differences in gut microbial β-diversity were observed between salt-sensitive and non-salt-sensitive groups. Among hypertensives, Fusobacterium spp, Prevotella spp_NK3B31_group, and Megalococcus spp. were more abundant in SSHS. In normotensives, Mycobacterium spp. and others were more prevalent in SSNHS. LEfSe analyses revealed a greater variety of characteristic species in the salt-sensitive groups. Specific taxa like CAG_352 and Acetanaerobacterium were enriched in hypertensive salt-sensitive subjects, whereas Brautobacteria spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Moraxaceae were enriched in the non-salt-sensitive hypertensive group. In normotensives, Mycobacterium, Actinobacteria, and Bifidobacterium spp. were enriched in SSNHS, and Clostridium spp._UCG_014 in NSSNHS. Analysis of KEGG and COG pathways revealed distinct functional differences between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Conclusion: Gut bacteria composition may affect salt sensitivity, with the salt-sensitive group showing more characteristic species than the non-salt-sensitive group. CAG_352 and Acetanaerobacterium could be potential biomarkers for salt sensitivity in those with hypertension, while the presence of Anabaenaerobacterium phylum may indicate salt sensitivity in those with normal blood pressure.
Nomogram construction of the difference in MEWS combined with SPO 2 for predicting the condition of patients with unplanned enter to the rescue room- A multi-centre study
Authors: Fan Hongquan , Qu Fengjiang , Chu Zhe , Yuan Quan , Yang Lu , Zhang Yonggang , Huang Siyuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Investigate the efficacy of the difference in Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) (within admission to the Emergency rescue Room versus 1 h of admission to the emergency observation room) combined with Pulse Oxygen Saturation(SPO2)in early risk screening for unplanned transfer to the Emergency Rescue Room༈UTER༉.
Methods:
We collected the vital sign data of patients who are UTER in the emergency department of three hospitals and explored the predictive power of the difference in MEWS combined with the peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) of patients when they are UTER by constructing a binary logistic regression model and nomogram. The prediction model is evaluated by ROC, AUC, calibration curve and other indicators.
Results:
The optimal cut-off value for predicting the difference in MEWS is 3.5, and the maximum value of Youden index is 0.761. When patients are unplanned to enter the resuscitation room, the first measured SPO2 (P = 0.027, OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94-1.00) and the difference in MEWS (P < 0.001, OR = 53.26, 95%CI: 29.51–96.11) are independent risk factors for predicting the progression of their condition. The training set predictive models AUC is 0.890 (95% CI: 0.853–0.927) and the internal and external validation sets’ predictive models AUC are 0.957 (95% CI: 0.917–0.997) and 0.934 (95%CI: 0.871–0.997), respectively.
Conclusions:
When a patient is UTER, the SPO2 measured for the first time and the difference in MEWS are independent risk factors for predicting the progression of their disease. The prediction model and the nomogram constructed by this can well predict the risk of disease change of the patient and improve the attention and vigilance of clinicians and nursing staff to the patient's disease.
How were the elderly RA patients doing in their last year? — A post hoc analysis for telephone based following up to RA patients in Zunyi China
Authors: Chen Yong , Chen Yan-Juan , Luo Jian-Feng , He Mang , Tian Shi-Dan , Zhang Yong-Qiao , Zhao Si-jin , Chen Xiao-Long , Yang Chuan-Jie , Luo Yu-Zhuo , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Tian Mei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were perceived to have higher disease activity and combinations based on knowledge of rheumatology and geriatrics, however, lack of clinical data validations. This study compares the SF-36 scores and prevailing health complications between < 60y and ≥ 60y patients with RA. According to the following up, 21 cases passed away at 61.55 ± 8.11y, which was 6.75 years less than the local average death age. Elderly patients with RA reported lower recovery levels, and their levels of inflammatory markers such as Immunoglobulin M - rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher than those of younger patients during the one-year observation period. The SF-36 results indicated that eight items of QoL in the elderly patients were significantly inferior to < 60y patients, while the complications of interstitial lung disease (ILD), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and, lung and herpes zoster infections were significantly higher. Elderly patients had a higher disease activity score, and more complex treatments, along with poor QoL, more health-related complications, and susceptibility to infections. Our study emphasizes the imperative need for optimization of RA treatment modalities in the elderly to alleviate their sufferings.
Machine Learning-Based Model for Predicting Radiation Pneumonitis in Locally Advanced Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with IMRT-A Two-Centre Study
Authors: Liu Fushuang , Yang Dingyi , Li Liqing , Su Tingshi , Wu Qiaoyuan , Liang Shixiong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim: To build and externally validate machine learning-based models for radiation pneumonitis (RP) prediction in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the era of precision radiotherapy.
Patients and Methods: In this two-center retrospective study, a total of 218 patients (131 in the training cohort, and 87 in the external validation cohort) with LA-NSCLC. All patients underwent primary IMRT with strict lung dose constraints. Pretreatment CT radiomics features were extracted and then generated radiomics score (Rad-score). The study factors included Rad-score, dose-volume parameters and clinical features. Based on the independent risk factors, three machine learning models (random forest, logistic regression and decision tree) were developed and validated for predicting RP. The predictive performances of the models were evaluated using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results: Within both cohorts, the overwhelming majority of patients were safely treated with radiotherapy within known lungs dose constraints. PE,ILD,N2-N3, ipsilateral lung Rad-score and contralateral lung Rad-score were independent risk factors for RP (P＜0.05). The AUC of random forest model, logistic regression model and decision tree model were 0.938, 0.859 and 0.632 in the training cohort, and 0.885, 0.911 and 0.721 in the external validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve and DCA demonstrated goodness-of-ft and improved benefits in random forest model.
Conclusion: PE, ILD, N2-N3 and CT radiomics features of lungs were independent predictors of RP in the LA-NSCLC patients treated with IMRT. The model using random forest algorithm exhibited the best predictive accuracy, outperforming logistic regression and decision tree.
Anti-TMEM16A Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Yutian , Meng Lin , Qu Like , Zhao Chuanke , Wang Lixin , Ma Jiayi , Liu Caiyun , Shou Chengchao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The chloride channel transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) possesses a calcium-activated property linked to tumor-promoting malignant phenotype and electrophysiological stability. Numerous studies have shown that TMEM16A exhibits aberrant amplification in various squamous cell carcinomas such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and is correlated with unfavorable outcomes of ESCC patients. Therefore, TMEM16A is considered as a promising therapeutic target for ESCC. Because of its intricate structure, the development of therapeutic antibodies directed against TMEM16A has not been documented. In this study, we produced a series of novel monoclonal antibodies targeting TMEM16A and identified mT16#5 as an antibody capable of inhibiting ESCC cells migration, invasion and TMEM16A ion channel activity. Additionally, based on the validation that TMEM16A was positively correlated with expression of EGFR and the interaction between them, the mT16#5 exhibited a synergistic inhibitory effect on ESCC metastasis and growth when administered in combination with Cetuximab in vivo. In terms of mechanism, we found that mT16A#5 inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and JNK. These results highlight the anti-growth and anti-metastasis capacity of mT16A#5 for the treatment of ESCC by targeting TMEM16A.
Pattern and Trends of Paediatric Tooth Extractions in Kano, Northern Nigeria: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: OKOLO C , MALAMI A , MOHAMMED M , ADEYEMO Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the patterns and trends of tooth extractions in a paediatric population attending a dental clinic in Kano, Northern Nigeria, and to identify the prevalent reasons and associated factors contributing to the need for extractions. Furthermore, it sought to explore the implications of the findings for policy and practice in the region.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patient records from the paediatric dental clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital was conducted for patients treated between January 2021 and December 2023. Data were collected on patient demographics, FDI tooth number and tooth type extracted (primary/permanent), and reason for extraction. Descriptive analyses and chi-square tests were performed using SPSS version 20.
Results:
A total of 1556 teeth were extracted from 1140 children aged 1 to 16 years (male-to-female ratio 1.1:1). Single tooth extraction accounted for 71.4% of cases, while 28.6% involved multiple tooth extractions. Dental caries was the most prevalent reason for extraction (62.7%), followed by orthodontic reasons (29.6%) and traumatic dental injuries (7.7%). Maxillary anterior teeth were commonly extracted in children aged 1-5 years, while mandibular posterior teeth were predominantly extracted in older age groups (p < 0.05). Permanent maxillary central incisors and mandibular first molars, as well as deciduous maxillary second molars and mandibular first molars, were the most frequently extracted teeth.
Conclusion:
Dental caries, orthodontic reasons, and traumatic dental injuries were significant contributors to tooth extractions in this population. Age-specific patterns and tooth-related factors influenced the reasons for extractions, highlighting the need for targeted preventive measures and early interventions tailored to different age groups. The findings underscore the urgency of implementing comprehensive preventive dental programmes, improving access to affordable dental care, and developing evidence-based policies to address the oral health challenges faced by children in Kano and Northern Nigeria.
Clinical significance of retrograde inferior parathyroid protection technique based on thymus preservation in thyroid surgery
Authors: Yan Shouyi , Chen Yuhan , Zhao Wenxin , Zhang Liyong , Cai Shaojun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background The importance of parathyroid gland protection has been widely recognized in thyroid surgery. However, it remains difficult to quickly identify parathyroid gland, especially the inferior parathyroid gland (IPG). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of retrograde inferior parathyroid protection technique (RIPPT) based on thymus preservation.Methods A total of 236 patients was enrolled in this study from August 2019 to December 2020. We used RIPPT to identify and protect inferior parathyroid gland (IPG), followed by analyzing its identification rate and anatomical types of IPG. Thereafter, we compared the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium level of IPG orthotopic retention patients with that of IPG auto-transplantation patients among different IPG anatomical types.Results In all cases, the rate of IPG identification and auto-transplantation was 97.88% (231/236) and 74.46% (172/231) respectively. The proportion of patients with an anatomical relationship between the IPG and thymus was 77.97% (184/236). Furthermore, we found that PTH level in patients with IPG orthotopic retention was higher than that in those with IPG auto-transplantation in 1 day or 6 months after surgery; PTH level was also found higher in patients with superior parathyroid gland (SPG) and IPG orthotopic retention than the ones receiving both auto-transplantation.Conclusion Retrograde inferior parathyroid protection technique (RIPPT) argues for the primacy of the protection concept of inferior parathyroid gland (IPG) in thyroid surgery, and is proven to be effective in the rapid identification and functional protection of IPG based on short-term data.