bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of hydrogen cyanide from oral anaerobes by cavity ring down spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Wen , Roslund Kajsa , Fogarty Christopher L. , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Halonen Lauri , Groop Per-Henrik , Metsälä Markus , Lehto Markku 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been recognized as a potential biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lung. However, the oral cavity is a dominant production site for exhaled HCN and this contribution can mask the HCN generated in the lung. It is thus important to understand the sources of HCN production in the oral cavity. By screening of oral anaerobes for HCN production, we observed that the genus of Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Fusobacterium generated low levels of HCN in vitro. This is the first study to show that oral anaerobes are capable of producing HCN in vitro. Further investigations were conducted on the species of P. gingivalis and we successfully detected HCN production (0.9–10.9 ppb) in the headspace of three P. gingivalis reference strains (ATCC 33277, W50 and OMG 434) and one clinical isolate. From P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and W50, a strong correlation between HCN and CO2 concentrations (rs = 0.89, p < 0.001) was observed, indicating that the HCN production of P. gingivalis might be connected with the bacterial metabolic activity. These results indicate that our setup could be widely applied to the screening of in vitro HCN production by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
An Unexpected Transient Breakdown of the Blood Brain Barrier Triggers Passage of Large Intravenously Administered Nanoparticles
Authors: Smith Nicole M. , Gachulincova Ivana , Ho Diwei , Bailey Charlotte , Bartlett Carole A. , Norret Marck , Murphy John , Buckley Alysia , Rigby Paul J. , House Michael J. , St. Pierre Timothy , Fitzgerald Melinda , Iyer K. Swaminathan , Dunlop Sarah A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe highly restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critically important role in maintaining brain homeostasis and is pivotal for proper neuronal function. The BBB is currently considered the main limiting factor restricting the passage of large (up to 200 nm) intravenously administered nanoparticles to the brain. Breakdown of the barrier occurs as a consequence of cerebrovascular diseases and traumatic brain injury. In this article, we report that remote injuries in the CNS are also associated with BBB dysfunction. In particular, we show that a focal partial transection of the optic nerve triggers a previously unknown transient opening of the mammalian BBB that occurs in the visual centres. Importantly, we demonstrate that this transient BBB breakdown results in a dramatic change in the biodistribution of intravenously administered large polymeric nanoparticles which were previously deemed as BBB-impermeable.
The impacts of some classical biological control successes.
Authors: Cock M. J. W. , Day R. K. , Hinz H. L. , Pollard K. M. , Thomas S. E. , Williams F. E. , Witt A. B. R. , Shaw R. H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

We differentiate between the success of a classical biological control programme and its impact; the former addressing the completed implementation of the steps of a biological control programme, and the anticipated reduction of the target pest, and the latter addressing the societal and environmental benefits of control of the target pest. We provide ten case studies in which CABI has played a role to illustrate aspects of success and impact for biological control programmes against insects pests and weeds: cassava mealybug (
Phenacoccus manihoti
), mango mealybug (
Rastrococcus invadens
), pink hibiscus mealybug (
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
), orthezia bug (
Insignorthezia insignis
), brown peach aphid (
Pterochloroides persicae
), banana skipper (
Erionota torus
), black sage (
Varronia curassavica
), rubber vine (
Cryptostegia grandiflora
), leafy spurge (
Euphorbia esula
) and water hyacinth (
Eichhornia crassipes
). In light of these we discuss the assessment of success and impact of biological control programmes, why these aspects are often not adequately addressed, how they might be retroactively addressed and the implications for donor-funding of biological control programmes for developing countries.
Publication ethics: stressing the positive
Authors: Keeble Richard 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This paper discusses the publication “Challenges to ethical publishing in the digital era”.

Design/methodology/approach
– It is a critical analysis of the paper built around two main arguments: the need to stress the positive in ethical debates; the critique of apolitical professionalism; the crucial need to stress the ties between politics and ethics.

Findings
– No finding — it was simply argument.

Research limitations/implications
– Provocative challenge to dominant ethical debates.

Practical implications
– The need to challenge the myths of professionalism.

Originality/value
– The need for the academe to embrace more the work coming out of the alternative public sphere.
Genome Sequences of the Novel Porcine Parvovirus 3, Identified in Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Zhong Hui , Li Xiangmin , Zhao Zekai , An Chunjing , Wan Peng , Wu Mengge , Chen Huanchun , Qian Ping 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Porcine parvovirus 3 is a novel parvovirus that infects pigs. Here, we report two genome sequences of porcine parvovirus 3 strains GX1 and GX2, which are highly prevalent in Guangxi province. It will help in understanding the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of the porcine parvovirus 3.
First Complete Coding Sequence of a Spanish Isolate of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus
Authors: Vázquez-Calvo Ángela , Saiz Juan-Carlos , Sobrino Francisco , Martín-Acebes Miguel A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) is a porcine pathogen and a member of the
Enterovirus
genus within the
Picornaviridae
family. The SVDV genome is composed of a single-stranded RNA molecule of positive polarity. Here, we report the first complete sequence of the coding region of a Spanish SVDV isolate (SPA/1/'93).
A National Biofeedback Practitioners Service Evaluation: Focus on Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
Authors: Etherson Kevin Jon , Horrocks Emma Jane , Scott S Mark , Knowles Charles Henry , Yiannakou Yan 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionWithin the UK, there is anecdotal evidence of disparity in the training, practice, supervision and perception of efficacy among practitioners of biofeedback therapy for chronic constipation.AimsTo establish the current knowledge, practice and opinions of UK practitioners.MethodsBetween October 2012 and October 2013, a prospective service evaluation was distributed to biofeedback practitioners in the UK through academic conferences or by invitation to complete an on-line assessment form.Results76 practitioners responded, consisting of nurses (47%), physiotherapists (35%), physiologists (12%) and others (7%). Only 45% described ‘biofeedback’ consistent with an accepted definition. 86% use equipment to provide sensory feedback. Methods of biofeedback varied: balloon catheter (54%), brace pump technique (78%), urge resistance (83%), irrigation (16%) and relaxation (12%). Only 65% of practitioners had attended formal training courses, and 52% considered themselves to be self-taught. 36% receive formal supervision and only 38% of those by a senior. Regular audit of outcomes is undertaken by 67%. UK-wide perception of treatment response for chronic constipation is markedly variable (mean response=57% (IQR 50–75%, SD 23%)); there were no differences in perception of treatment response between nurses or physiotherapists. Practitioners’ free responses demonstrated strong positive themes of a holistic approach and an overall perception of effectiveness. Negative themes included service restrictions.ConclusionsThere is marked variation in practice, training and supervision of biofeedback therapists throughout the UK. Perceptions of efficacy vary greatly. Development of training and supervision standards is a priority as well as a consensus to standardise therapy.
Islet Hypersensitivity to Glucose Is Associated With Disrupted Oscillations and Increased Impact of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Islets From Diabetes-Prone Male Mice
Authors: Corbin Kathryn L. , Waters Christopher D. , Shaffer Brett K. , Verrilli Gretchen M. , Nunemaker Craig S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPulsatile insulin release is the primary means of blood glucose regulation. The loss of pulsatility is thought to be an early marker and possible factor in developing type 2 diabetes. Another early adaptation in islet function to compensate for obesity is increased glucose sensitivity (left shift) associated with increased basal insulin release. We provide evidence that oscillatory disruptions may be linked with overcompensation (glucose hypersensitivity) in islets from diabetes-prone mice. We isolated islets from male 4- to 5-week-old (prediabetic) and 10- to 12-week-old (diabetic) leptin-receptor-deficient (db/db) mice and age-matched heterozygous controls. After an overnight incubation in media with 11 mM glucose, we measured islet intracellular calcium in 5, 8, 11, or 15 mM glucose. Islets from heterozygous 10- to 12-week-old mice were quiescent in 5 mM glucose and displayed oscillations with increasing amplitude and/or duration in 8, 11, and 15 mM glucose, respectively. Islets from diabetic 10- to 12-week-old mice, in contrast, showed robust oscillations in 5 mM glucose that declined with increasing glucose. Similar trends were observed at 4–5-weeks of age. A progressive left shift in maximal insulin release was also observed in islets as db/db mice aged. Reducing glucokinase activity with 1 mM D-mannoheptulose restored oscillations in 11 mM glucose. Finally, overnight low-dose cytokine exposure negatively impacted oscillations preferentially in high glucose in diabetic islets compared with heterozygous controls. Our findings suggest the following: 1) islets from frankly diabetic mice can produce oscillations, 2) elevated sensitivity to glucose prevents diabetic mouse islets from producing oscillations in normal postprandial (11–15 mM glucose) conditions, and 3) hypersensitivity to glucose may magnify stress effects from inflammation or other sources.
Dietary intakes and some biochemical markers in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yassibas Emine , Sahin Gulsah , Şanlıer Nevin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Intake of energy and some nutrients is frequently inadequate in dialysis patients because of eating and appetite disorders due to uremic syndrome. Inadequate energy and protein intake cause to malnutrition. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers and dietary intake records have great importance in determining the nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore this study was planned to determination of daily energy, nutrient intake and some biochemical markers of adult hemodialysis patients.Method and Material: A hundred and thirty six (male = 73, female = 63) clinically stable HD patients were enrolled in this study. All patients were taken 24-hour dietary recall. The daily energy and nutrient intakes of patients were calculated by food consumption records and anthropometric measurements were taken.Results: The mean age was found 45.5±13.51 years. The ratio of patients with body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 kg/m2 was 7.4% and 25 kg/m2 or upper was 16.9%. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin and total protein levels were below the normal levels. The daily dietary energy and protein intakes were found under the recommended level in the study period. A significant positive correlation was found between daily protein intake and serum albumin levels (r=0.210, p=0.014), daily protein intake and serum total protein levels (r=0.201, p=0.019), daily energy intake and serum total protein levels (r=0.178, p=0.039).Conclusions: HD patients often have low protein and energy intakes and most of them suffer from malnutrition. Therefore nutritional status of patients should be evaluated and periodically nutrition education should be given for improving eating habits and increasing dietary compliance is recommended.
Investigation Studies on the Application of Reverberation Time
Authors: Nowoświat Artur , Olechowska Marcelina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper presents the research studies carried out on the reverberation time of rooms, in terms of theoretical aspects and applicability potentials. Over the last century a very large number of scientists have been attempting to work out models describing the reverberation time in enclosed rooms. They have also been trying to apply these models for the description of various acoustic parameters of the interior, i.e. the intelligibility of speech, clarity, articulation, etc. In fact, all these models are based on the Sabine’s statistical method. The paper presents the work of the scientists working on this problem, together with prospective applicability potentials. Such a review may be helpful for researchers, designers or architects involved in the discussed subject.
Univariate right fractional polynomial high order monotone approximation
Authors: Anastassiou George A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Let f ∈ Cr
([−1,1]), r ≥ 0 and let L
* be a linear right fractional differential operator such that L
*(f) ≥ 0 throughout [−1,0]. We can find a sequence of polynomials Qn
of degree ≤ n such that L
*(Qn
) ≥ 0 over [−1,0], furthermore f is approximated right fractionally and simultaneously by Qn
on [−1,1]. The degree of these restricted approximations is given via inequalities using a higher order modulus of smoothness for f(r)
.
Ideal convergence generated by double summability methods
Authors: Connor Jeff 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The main result of this note is that if I is an ideal generated by a regular double summability matrix summability method T that is the product of two nonnegative regular matrix methods for single sequences, then I-statistical convergence and convergence in I-density are equivalent. In particular, the method T generates a density µT
with the additive property (AP) and hence, the additive property for null sets (APO). The densities used to generate statistical convergence, lacunary statistical convergence, and general de la Vallée-Poussin statistical convergence are generated by these types of double summability methods. If a matrix T generates a density with the additive property then T-statistical convergence, convergence in T-density and strong T-summabilty are equivalent for bounded sequences. An example is given to show that not every regular double summability matrix generates a density with additve property for null sets.
Resistance conditions, Poincaré inequalities, the Lip-lip condition and Hardy’s inequalities
Authors: Kinnunen Juha , Silvestre Pilar 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This note investigates weaker conditions than a Poincaré inequality in analysis on metric measure spaces. We discuss two resistance conditions which are stated in terms of capacities. We show that these conditions can be characterized by versions of Sobolev–Poincaré inequalities. As a consequence, we obtain so-called Lip-lip condition related to pointwise Lipschitz constants. Moreover, we show that the pointwise Hardy inequalities and uniform fatness conditions are equivalent under an appropriate resistance condition.
Evidence of Inefficiencies in Practice Patterns: Regional Variation in Medicare Medical and Drug Spending
Authors: Buntin Melinda , Hayford Tamara 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Several studies have explored the causes and magnitude of geographic variation in Medicare spending and service use, but most of these studies have not taken into account that pharmaceuticals may substitute for medical service use. We address this issue using Medicare medical and pharmaceutical administrative claims data to explore the correlation between medical and pharmaceutical spending and utilization; we also examine medical and pharmaceutical use for subsets of the Medicare population with certain chronic conditions often treated with drugs. Beneficiary-level regressions with controls for health status and demographics were used to construct standardized medical spending and pharmaceutical spending and utilization measures for each region and patient cohort. Areas with higher medical spending tend to have higher pharmaceutical spending in general. However, areas with higher medical spending also tend to have lower pharmaceutical spending for conditions for which prescription drugs may substitute for additional medical care. Both of these patterns are consistent with less efficient medical practices in higher-spending areas. Likewise, more expensive drugs and more broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are often considered discretionary and overused, are more likely to be prescribed in higher-spending areas. Our results suggest that care may be provided more efficiently in some regions than in others. However, additional research is needed to investigate relationships between spending and health care outcomes, and what types of policies may create incentives for higher-spending regions to reduce spending without a loss in quality.
Hex-Sided Rounded Dipole Antenna (HSRDA) For UWB Applications
Authors: Singhal Sarthak , Verma Nand Kishor , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA hex-sided rounded dipole antenna (HSRDA) for UWB applications is presented. It is designed by the addition of semi-elliptical patch sections at the edges of a square bow-tie antenna. The antenna structure is fed by a modified microstrip feedline for better impedance matching. An impedance bandwidth of 2.9–11.4 GHz is achieved. The antenna structure has quasi omnidirectional radiation patterns and reasonable gain over the same frequency range. A good agreement between the experimental and simulation results is observed. The proposed antenna structure has miniaturized size for the same bandwidth as compared to already reported antenna structures.
Postfeminist Fiction in Chick Lit Novels
Authors: Ilief-Martinescu Alina 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The intersection of postfeminist arguments with popular culture and popular cultural forms is of great significance for investigating representational politics and issues of identity. These elements are central for capturing the concept of feminist heterogeneity in its engagement with cultural theory, particularly postmodernism. This study considers postfeminism’s redefinition and reevaluation of popular culture, as an area of political and emblematic contestation.
Spouses in the Household and the Family Business – Who (does) the Care and Who (does) the Work
Authors: Kuzmanovic Tatjana Djuric , Markov Slobodanka , Fischer Jelena , Mandic Sonja 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this pilot study we explore the mutual conditionality of bargaining power between spouses in the processes of intra-household allocation of resources (care work) and the assignment of their roles in family businesses (paid work) in Vojvodina, Serbia. Our intention is to explain the changes in gender relations in family businesses run by spouses under different socio-economic and institutional conditions, and especially in the context of enforced postsocialist neoliberal transformation after 2009. We formulate a theoretical and methodological framework based on the case of ten firms and check its validity for deeper and wider research into the key causes, forms and characteristics of gender bias in this area.
Effects of land use on chemical water quality of three small streams in Budapest
Authors: Angyal Zsuzsanna , Sárközi Edit , Gombás Ádám , Kardos Levente 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe location and development of cities has been influenced basically by various environmental factors. However, the relationship is bilateral, because not only the environment can affect the city, but the city can affect the environment in different ways, depending on recovery. This is especially true in the case of large cities such as Budapest where the different geological, geomorphological, hydrological, soil and bio-geographical conditions can be changed in very small areas, which implies that land use can be also modified as well. The aim of our study was to determine the chemical water quality of three small streams in Budapest which have same water flow and compare the field and the laboratory test results. Between many natural characteristics of these streams similarity is evident, however, several differences were found between the watersheds in terms of human land use. Statistical data analysis was performed as well, which was the aim to explore the relationship between the parameters. Overall, according to our study it can be concluded, the small streams have similar water chemical properties, but some parameters need special attention in the future, because the investigated small streams can be categorized into polluted and sometimes heavily polluted category.
Performance evaluation of various bioreactors for methane fermentation of pretreated wheat straw with cattle manure
Authors: Krishania Meena , Vijay Virendra K. , Chandra Ram 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the performance results of configured semi-continuous mesophilic bioreactors for methane fermentation of pretreated wheat straw co-digested with cattle manure. The semi-continuous process was carried out in three different types of bioreactors, i.e. continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), fixed film reactor (FFR), and conventional floating drum reactor (CR), with an organic loading rate of 2.2 kg of volatile solids (VS)/day. The observed results revealed that the configuration of the FFR increased the methane production yield by 41.1%. However, the configuration of the CSTR had only a marginal effect on enhancement of methane production yield (yield increased only by 10.6%) compared to the CR. The VS removal for digesters did not vary much at the same organic loading rate. The study revealed that the pretreated wheat straw with the FFR had yield methane production of 0.342 m
A criminalização da pixação como cultura popular na metrópole brasileira na virada para o século XXI / The criminalization of pixação as popular culture in the brazilian metropolis at the dawn of the 21st century
Authors: Larruscahim Paula Gil , Schweizer Paul 
Published: March 2016

No presente artigo discutimos o pixo como uma das tantas manifestações da cultura popular brasileira no contexto especifico urbano do séculos XX e XXI. Assim, é importante referir que somos nós quem atribuímos ao pixo tal significado, pois este pode ser (e é) percebido e chamado de muitas outras maneiras. O fato de usarmos essa denominação como categoria analítica para apontarmos certos aspectos de nosso problema de pesquisa, não significa dizer que somos porta-vozes de todos os praticantes da pixação. Exatamente o contrário: a presente análise é apenas uma das tantas possíveis abordagens desse fenômeno.
Using Van Valens Procedure In Business Research To Assess Consistent Differences In Multidimensional Variability In Two Or More Groups
Authors: Berenson Mark L. , Hollister Kimberly Killmer 
Published: March 2016

Much business research involves comparisons in two or more groups on many dimensions. This paper primarily focuses on demonstrating and providing guidance as to how researchers should approach a multivariate analysis in the comparison of sets of corresponding characteristics in two or more independent groups. In particular, this paper demonstrates the utility of a simple but not widely known procedure developed by Van Valen (1978) that should be employed to test for the significance of differences in overall variability in the sets of corresponding characteristics in two or more groups, a test that enjoys much statistical power in detecting significant subtle group differences when the set of characteristics in one group consistently demonstrates greater variability than the corresponding set of characteristics in the other group(s).