bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing heterogeneity in the effects of physical activity in children on social network structure and peer selection dynamics
Authors: HENRY TEAGUE , GESELL SABINA B. , IP EDWARD H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSocial networks influence children and adolescents' physical activity. The focus of this paper is to examine the differences in the effects of physical activity on friendship selection, with eye to the implications on physical activity interventions for young children. Prior to implementing a network intervention in the field, it is important to understand potential heterogeneities in the effects that activity level have on network structure. In this study, the associations between activity level and cross-sectional network structure, and activity level and change in network structure are assessed. We studied a real-world friendship network among 81 children (average age 7.96 years) who lived in low SES neighborhoods, attended public schools, and attended one of two structured aftercare programs, of which one has existed and the other was new. We modeled network selection effects and cross-sectional properties, while accounting for potential heterogeneities between networks. There was heterogeneity in the effect of physical activity on both cross-sectional network structure and the formation and dissolution processes, both across time and between networks. This suggests that if peer selection processes are changing within a network, a static network intervention strategy for childhood physical activity could become inefficient as the network evolves.
Quality of life considerations in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines
Authors: Rogers S N , Semple C , Babb M , Humphris G 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. It identifies the current evidence base and role of health-related quality of life assessment for this group of patients.Recommendations• Health-related quality of life is integral to treatment planning, refining treatment protocols, and more personalised follow-up support. (G)• Health-related quality of life and patient concerns should be regularly assessed during patient care. (G)• Health-related quality of life assessment and patient concerns on an individual patient basis can be helpful to trigger multi-professional support and interventions. (G)
Hypopharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines
Authors: Pracy P , Loughran S , Good J , Parmar S , Goranova R 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. With an age standardised incidence rate of 0.63 per 100 000 population, hypopharynx cancers account for a small proportion of the head and neck cancer workload in the UK, and thus suffer from the lack of high level evidence. This paper discusses the evidence base pertaining to the management of hypopharyngeal cancer and provides recommendations on management for this group of patients receiving cancer care.Recommendations• Cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography of the head, neck and chest is necessary for all patients; magnetic resonance imaging of the primary site is useful particularly in advanced disease; and computed tomography and positron emission tomography to look for distant disease. (R)• Careful evaluation of the upper and lower extents of the disease is necessary, which may require contrast swallow or computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging. (R)• Formal rigid endoscopic assessment under general anaesthetic should be performed. (R)• Nutritional status should be proactively managed. (R)• Full and unbiased discussion of treatment options should take place to allow informed patient choice. (G)• Early stage disease can be treated equally effectively with surgery or radiotherapy. (R)• Endoscopic resection can be considered for early well localised lesions. (R)• Bulky advanced tumours require circumferential or non-circumferential resection with wide margins to account for submucosal spread. (R)• Offer primary surgical treatment in the setting of a compromised larynx or significant dysphagia. (R)• Midline lesions require bilateral neck dissections. (R)• Consider management of silent nodal areas usually not addressed for other primary sites. (G)• Reconstruction needs to be individualised to the patients’ needs and based on the experience of the unit with different reconstructive techniques. (G)• Consider tumour bulk reduction with induction chemotherapy prior to definitive radiotherapy. (R)• Consider intensity modulated radiation therapy where possible to limit the consequences of wide field irradiation to a large volume. (R)• Use concomitant chemotherapy in patients who are fit enough and consider epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for those who are less fit. (R)
Selmer Groups and AnticyclotomicZp-extensions
Authors: MATAR AHMED 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLetE/Qbe an elliptic curve,pa prime andK∞/Kthe anticyclotomicZp-extension of a quadratic imaginary fieldKsatisfying the Heegner hypothesis. In this paper we give a new proof to a theorem of Bertolini which determines the value of the Λ-corank of Selp∞(E/K∞) in the case whereEhas ordinary reduction atp. In the case whereEhas supersingular reduction atpwe make a conjecture about the structure of the module of Heegner points modp. Assuming this conjecture we give a new proof to a theorem of Ciperiani which determines the value of the Λ-corank of Selp∞(E/K∞) in the case whereEhas supersingular reduction atp.
Semantic clustering and sleep in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or with vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia
Authors: Sun Qingna , Luo Lanlan , Ren Honglei , Wei Changjuan , Xing Mengya , Cheng Yan , Zhang Nan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Cognition and sleep deficits occur in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCIND). However, how memory and sleep deficits differ between aMCI and VCIND remains unclear.Methods:Fifty aMCI and 50 VCIND patients and 38 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were administered the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test-A/B (TMT-A/B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Benton Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to quantify cognitive deficits and subjective sleep disturbance.Results:Compared with VCIND patients, aMCI patients had lower HVLT-R scores for total recall (p< 0.001), delayed recall (p< 0.001) and recognition (p= 0.001), and for total-recall (p= 0.002) and delayed-recall (p< 0.001) semantic clustering ratios (SCRs). However, VCIND patients exhibited more obvious executive dysfunction (TMT-A,p< 0.001; TMT-B,p< 0.001; WCST,p< 0.001), lower information processing speed (PASAT,p= 0.003; SDMT,p< 0.001), and more severe sleep disturbance (PSQI,p< 0.001; ESS,p< 0.001; ISI,p< 0.001). Additionally, sleep quality and efficiency were related to total and delayed recall (all r values from −0.31 to −0.60,p< 0.05) in aMCI and VCIND.Conclusions:aMCI and VCIND differ in cognitive function, memory strategy and sleep impairment; these characteristics are helpful to identify and distinguish patients with very early cognitive impairment. Our results also suggest that memory deficits are associated with sleep disturbance in aMCI and VCIND.
Seasonal cycles in food purchases and changes in BMI among South Africans participating in a health promotion programme
Authors: Sturm Roland , Patel Deepak , Alexander Elle , Paramanund Jithen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveImproving diet quality is a key factor for promoting population health. Social norms can support or undermine these efforts. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between seasonal variation in food purchases and BMI.DesignThe study population comprises members of a South African health promotion programme. Data come from scanner data of food purchases by 400 000 enrolled households at supermarkets and repeated individual surveys (about 500 000 participants) between 2009 and 2013.ResultsMembers in the health promotion programme spent 16·7 % of total food expenditure on nutritionally undesirable foods (sugar-sweetened beverages, candy, ice cream, etc.) and 24·7 % on healthy foods (fruit/vegetables, whole grains, non-fat dairy, etc.). Fruits and vegetables accounted for 13·5 % of purchases (half of all healthy food spending). Yet there were pronounced seasonal variations, with December being the peak month for unhealthy food purchases, which were 40 % higher than in January. This holiday peak was associated with short-term weight gain, but average body mass did not revert to pre-holiday levels. From 2009 to 2013, respondents gained about 0·13 BMI units per year (0·43 kg for men, 0·30 for women). From November to January alone, the increase was 0·1 BMI units for men (0·35 kg) and 0·8 BMI units for women (0·20 kg).ConclusionsPurchases of nutritionally undesirable foods peak in December and are accompanied by weight gain from November to January. Despite weight loss after January, the November to January weight gain accounts for 60–70 % of the annual gain.
Habitat and dung preferences of scarab beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae: a case study in a tropical monsoon forest in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hewavithana Dishane K. , Wijesinghe Mayuri R. , Dangalle Chandima D. , Dharmarathne H. A. S. Gayan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe studied the food and habitat preferences of beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae in a protected tropical monsoon forest, the Wasgomuwa National Park in Sri Lanka. While gaining an insight into the capacity of different resources to support dung beetles, we tested the hypothesis that, in a landscape with a mosaic of habitat types and a diversity of large mammals, specialization facilitates coexistence of the scarabs. Pitfall traps were laid in five distinct habitat types (forest, riverine, sandy banks, scrub and grassland), and baited with five dung types (leopard, cervid, elephant, bear and buffalo). Four hundred and fifty seven beetles of 22 species in seven genera were recorded. Significant differences were seen in the species richness and abundance of dung beetles between different habitats and dung types, indicating habitat and food preferences. The highest richness of scarabs was in the riverine habitat and in leopard dung. Niche breath values of the individual species indicated differences in the degrees of specialization, while niche overlap values indicated a greater sharing of dung beetle species between similar habitats and dung types than between dissimilar ones. These findings provide evidence that selectivity of habitat, and dung, may be important in promoting coexistence among the scarabs in a tropical environment.
Normierung der Adult ADHD Self-Report-Scale-V1.1 und der ADHS Selbstbeurteilungsskala an einer repräsentativen deutschsprachigen Stichprobe
Authors: Mörstedt Beatrice , Corbisiero Salvatore , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die beiden Verfahren Adult ADHD Self-Report-Scale-V1.1 (ASRS-V1.1) und ADHS-Selbstbeurteilungsskala (ADHS-SB) sind häufig eingesetzte Instrumente zur Diagnostik einer adulten ADHS. Für beide Verfahren steht allerdings eine Normierung für die deutschsprachige Allgemeinbevölkerung bisher aus. Zur Erstellung von repräsentativen Normwerten der Skalen für die Allgemeinbevölkerung wurden N = 640 Personen (300 Männer, 340 Frauen) in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz rekrutiert. Mit Hilfe von Varianzanalysen mit den Haupteffekten Geschlecht und Alter wurde ermittelt, dass altersspezifische Normen sinnvoll sind. Es wurden daher für beide Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren Normierungen für die Gesamtbevölkerung, als auch für verschiedene Altersränge (18 – 19; 20 – 39; 40 – 64 und über 64) bestimmt. Für beide Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren wurden Prozentränge und Stanine-Werte berechnet. Infolgedessen wurden kritische Werte entwickelt, bei deren Erreichen unbedingt eine genaue ADHS Abklärung stattfinden sollte.
IAL-K: Entwicklung einer Kurzform der Interpersonalen Adjektivliste
Authors: Jacobs Ingo , Scholl Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Der Interpersonale Circumplex (IC) ist ein etabliertes Modell zur Beschreibung und Messung interpersonaler Variablen. Die Kurzversion der Interpersonalen Adjektivliste (IAL-K) setzt das IC-Konzept zur Messung individueller Unterschiede im interpersonalen Stil um. Anhand von vier Stichproben (N1 = 1127, N2 = 610, N3 = 286, N4 = 128) wurden die IAL-Skalen um 47 % auf 34 Items gekürzt und die Kurzskalen hinsichtlich ihrer strukturellen, konvergenten und divergenten Validität, Reliabilität und zeitlichen Stabilität geprüft. Ferner wurde ihr konstruktanalytisches Potenzial an 14 Kriteriumsvariablen veranschaulicht. Die IAL-K zeigte gute Konstruktvalidität, zufriedenstellende psychometrische Eigenschaften und hohe Konvergenz zur IAL. Sie kann daher als reliable, valide und inhaltlich nahezu deckungsgleiche, jedoch deutlich ökonomischere Kurzversion der IAL betrachtet werden.
Erprobung eines Gruppentests zur Überprüfung des Grammatikverständnisses auf der Basis des TROG-D
Authors: Lüke Timo , Ritterfeld Ute , Tröster Heinrich 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Zur Erfassung der rezeptiven grammatischen Kompetenzen liegt mit dem TROG-D (deutsche Version [D], basierend auf dem englischsprachigen Test for Reception of Grammar [TROG]; Bishop, 1989 ) ein anerkanntes Verfahren vor, das im Einzelsetting durchgeführt wird und einschließlich Auswertung etwa eine halbe Stunde beansprucht. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein auf dem TROG-D basierender Gruppentest erprobt, der beispielsweise den Einsatz in Schulklassen ermöglichen soll. Die überarbeitete Testversion wurde an 93 Zweit- und Drittklässlerinnen und -klässlern erprobt. Zwei Wochen später wurden alle Teilnehmenden mit dem TROG-D im Einzelsetting getestet. Eine ROC-Analyse (Receiver Operating Characteristic) und etablierte Screening-Gütekriterien lieferten klare Belege dafür, dass es mit dem Gruppentest gelingt, diejenigen Kinder zu identifizieren, die sich auch in der Einzeltestung mit dem TROG-D als unterdurchschnittlich erweisen. Die Ergebnisse belegen das grundsätzlich große Potential eines solchen Gruppentests und geben Ansatzpunkte zur Weiterentwicklung dieser Vorgehensweise.
Die Dialectical Behavior Therapy Ways of Coping Checklist (DBT-WCCL)
Authors: Burmeister Kerstin , Höschel Klaus , Barenbrügge Jens , Chrysanthou Christos , Rist Fred , Neacsiu Andrada Delia , Pedersen Anya 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Erprobung und Validierung einer deutschen Version der Dialectical Behavior Therapy Ways of Coping Checklist (DBT-WCCL, Neacsiu, Rizui, Vitaliano, Lynch & Linehan, 2010 ), einem Fragebogen zur Erhebung der Häufigkeit der Nutzung von Skills, wie sie im Rahmen der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie (DBT) vermittelt werden. Hierzu bearbeiteten 150 Patientinnen mit Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung eine deutschsprachige Übersetzung, sowie Fragebögen zur Symptomschwere. Weitere 40 Patientinnen füllten die DBT-WCCL im Rahmen einer stationären DBT zu 5 Messzeitpunkten aus. Die drei Faktoren der Originalversion ließen sich replizieren. Weiterführende Analysen zeigten gute interne Konsistenzen und Retest-Reliabilitäten. Erwartungsgemäße Zunahmen auf der Subskala zur Erfassung von Skillsanwendung während der stationären DBT sowie erwartungsgemäße Zusammenhänge der DBT-WCCL mit der Skills- und DBT-Erfahrung geben erste Hinweise auf die Validität des Verfahrens.
GADD34 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis and tissue injury through the regulation of macrophage activation
Authors: Ito S , Tanaka Y , Oshino R , Okado S , Hori M , Isobe K-I 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGrowth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 34 (GADD34) is induced by various cellular stresses, such as DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and amino-acid deprivation. Although the major roles of GADD34 are regulating ER stress responses and apoptosis, a recent study suggested that GADD34 is linked to innate immune responses. In this report, we investigated the roles of GADD34 in inflammatory responses against bacterial infection. To explore the effects of GADD34 on systemic inflammation in vivo, we employed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine sepsis model and assessed the lethality, serum cytokine levels, and tissue injury in the presence or absence of GADD34. We found that GADD34 deficiency increased the lethality and serum cytokine levels in LPS-induced sepsis. Moreover, GADD34 deficiency enhanced tissue destruction, cell death, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-induced acute liver injury. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production after LPS stimulation is regulated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. In vitro experiments revealed that GADD34 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages through dephosphorylation of IKKβ. In conclusion, GADD34 attenuates LPS-induced sepsis and acute tissue injury through suppressing macrophage activation. Targeting this anti-inflammatory role of GADD34 may be a promising area for the development of therapeutic agents to regulate inflammatory disorders.
Intraventricular injections of mesenchymal stem cells activate endogenous functional remyelination in a chronic demyelinating murine model
Authors: Cruz-Martinez P , González-Granero S , Molina-Navarro M M , Pacheco-Torres J , García-Verdugo J M , Geijo-Barrientos E , Jones J , Martinez S 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCurrent treatments for demyelinating diseases are generally only capable of ameliorating the symptoms, with little to no effect in decreasing myelin loss nor promoting functional recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown by many researchers to be a potential therapeutic tool in treating various neurodegenerative diseases, including demyelinating disorders. However, in the majority of the cases, the effect was only observed locally, in the area surrounding the graft. Thus, in order to achieve general remyelination in various brain structures simultaneously, bone marrow-derived MSCs were transplanted into the lateral ventricles (LVs) of the cuprizone murine model. In this manner, the cells may secrete soluble factors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and boost the endogenous oligodendrogenic potential of the subventricular zone (SVZ). As a result, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were recruited within the corpus callosum (CC) over time, correlating with an increased myelin content. Electrophysiological studies, together with electron microscopy (EM) analysis, indicated that the newly formed myelin correctly enveloped the demyelinated axons and increased signal transduction through the CC. Moreover, increased neural stem progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation was observed in the SVZ, possibly due to the tropic factors released by the MSCs. In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that intraventricular injections of MSCs is a feasible method to elicit a paracrine effect in the oligodendrogenic niche of the SVZ, which is prone to respond to the factors secreted into the CSF and therefore promoting oligodendrogenesis and functional remyelination.
Cytochrome b5 reductase and the control of lipid metabolism and healthspan
Authors: Martin-Montalvo Alejandro , Sun Yaning , Diaz-Ruiz Alberto , Ali Ahmed , Gutierrez Vincent , Palacios Hector H , Curtis Jessica , Siendones Emilio , Ariza Julia , Abulwerdi Gelareh A , Sun Xiaoping , Wang Annie X , Pearson Kevin J , Fishbein Kenneth W , Spencer Richard G , Wang Miao , Han Xianlin , Scheibye-Knudsen Morten , Baur Joe A , Shertzer Howard G , Navas Placido , Villalba Jose Manuel , Zou Sige , Bernier Michel , de Cabo Rafael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCytochrome b5 reductases (CYB5R) are required for the elongation and desaturation of fatty acids, cholesterol synthesis and mono-oxygenation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, all of which are associated with protection against metabolic disorders. However, the physiological role of CYB5R in the context of metabolism, healthspan and aging remains ill-defined. We generated CYB5R-overexpressing flies (CYB5R-OE) and created a transgenic mouse line overexpressing CYB5R3 (CYB5R3-Tg) in the C57BL/6J background to investigate the function of this class of enzymes as regulators of metabolism and age-associated pathologies. Gender- and/or stage-specific induction of CYB5R, and pharmacological activation of CYB5R with tetrahydroindenoindole extended fly lifespan. Increased expression of CYB5R3 was associated with significant improvements in several metabolic parameters that resulted in modest lifespan extension in mice. Diethylnitrosamine-induced liver carcinogenesis was reduced in CYB5R3-Tg mice. Accumulation of high levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, improvement in mitochondrial function, decrease in oxidative damage and inhibition of chronic pro-inflammatory pathways occurred in the transgenic animals. These results indicate that CYB5R represents a new target in the study of genes that regulate lipid metabolism and healthspan.
Dandruff is associated with the conjoined interactions between host and microorganisms
Authors: Xu Zhijue , Wang Zongxiu , Yuan Chao , Liu Xiaoping , Yang Fang , Wang Ting , Wang Junling , Manabe Kenji , Qin Ou , Wang Xuemin , Zhang Yan , Zhang Menghui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDandruff is an unpleasant scalp disorder common to human populations. In this study, we systematically investigated the intra- and inter-associations among dandruff, physiological conditions such as sebum of the scalp, host demographics such as gender, age and the region of the scalp, and the microorganisms on the scalp. We found that the physiological conditions were highly relevant to the host age and varied in different regions of the same scalp. The sebum quantity and water content were negatively correlated with the formation of dandruff and had significant relationships with the two dominant but reciprocally inhibited bacteria on the scalp (Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus). The dominant fungus (Malassezia species) displayed contrary roles in its contribution to the healthy scalp micro-environment. Bacteria and fungi didn’t show a close association with each other, but the intramembers were tightly linked. Bacteria had a stronger relationship with the severity of dandruff than fungi. Our results indicated that the severity of dandruff was closely associated with the interactions between the host and microorganisms. This study suggests that adjusting the balance of the bacteria on the scalp, particularly by enhancing Propionibacterium and suppressing Staphylococcus, might be a potential solution to lessen dandruff.