bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Outcomes of Colorectal Resection for Cancer in Elderly in the Era of Enhanced Recovery
Authors: Venara A. , Barbieux J. , Mucci S. , Talbot M. F. , Lermite E. , Hamy A. 
Published: May 2017

Background and aims: Early rehabilitation protocols should be assessed in elderly. We aimed to study the outcomes of colorectal surgery and the observance of the modalities of an early rehabilitation protocol in patients over 80 years. Material and Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer in our center over a 19-month period were included. All of these patients were managed using the same early rehabilitation protocol. Patients older than 80 were compared to younger patients. Results: A total of 173 patients were included and 36 were ≥80 years (20.8%). Patients aged ≥80 years had a significantly higher ASA score and were operated on in emergency. In the peroperative period, patients aged ≥80 years were more likely to undergo laparotomy than patients <80 years in univariate analysis (p = 0.048), but in multivariate analysis, the choice for a laparoscopy was influenced by ASA score ≤2 (odds ratio = 3.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.67–7.58) and emergency surgery (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.50). In the postoperative period, peristalsis stimulation and vascular catheter ablation were significantly better followed in Group 1 (p = 0.012 and 0.031). However, in multivariate analysis, age was not significantly associated with these parameters. Peristalsis stimulation was influenced by ASA score ≥2 (odds ratio = 4.27, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–15.37) and vascular catheter ablation was also influenced by ASA score ≤2 (odds ratio = 2.63, 95% confidence interval = 1.33–5.21). Emergency surgery had a strong trend to influence these parameters (p = 0.08). Conclusion: Although age or comorbidities may affect observance for certain modalities such as chewing gum use and vascular catheter ablation, an early rehabilitation protocol can be used after colorectal cancer surgery in patients ≥80 years old, where it would improve functional results and postoperative outcomes.
Pre-clinical and clinical investigations of metabolic zonation in liver diseases: The potential of microphysiology systems
Authors: Soto-Gutierrez Alejandro , Gough Albert , Vernetti Lawrence A , Taylor DL , Monga Satdarshan P 
Published: May 2017

The establishment of metabolic zonation within a hepatic lobule ascribes specific functions to hepatocytes based on unique, location-dependent gene expression patterns. Recently, there have been significant developments in the field of metabolic liver zonation. A little over a decade ago, the role of β-catenin signaling was identified as a key regulator of gene expression and function in pericentral hepatocytes. Since then, additional molecules have been identified that regulate the pattern of Wnt/β-catenin signaling within a lobule and determine gene expression and function in other hepatic zones. Currently, the molecular basis of metabolic zonation in the liver appears to be a ‘push and pull’ between signaling pathways. Such compartmentalization not only provides an efficient assembly line for hepatocyte functions but also can account for restricting the initial hepatic damage and pathology from some hepatotoxic drugs to specific zones, possibly enabling effective regeneration and restitution responses from unaffected cells. Careful analysis and experimentation have also revealed that many pathological conditions in the liver lobule are spatially heterogeneous. We will review current research efforts that have focused on examination of the role and regulation of such mechanisms of hepatocyte adaptation and repair. We will discuss how the pathological organ-specific microenvironment affects cell signaling and metabolic liver zonation, especially in steatosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We will discuss how the use of new human microphysiological platforms will lead to a better understanding of liver disease progression, diagnosis, and therapies. In conclusion, we aim to provide insights into the role and regulation of metabolic zonation and function using traditional and innovative approaches. Impact statement Liver zonation of oxygen tension along the liver sinusoids has been identified as a critical liver microenvironment that impacts specific liver functions such as intermediary metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, detoxification of xenobiotics and as sites for initiation of liver diseases. To date, most information on the role of zonation in liver disease including, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been obtained from animal models. It is now possible to complement animal studies with human liver, microphysiology systems (MPS) containing induced pluripotent stem cells engineered to create disease models where it is also possible to control the in vitro liver oxygen microenvironment to define the role of zonation on the mechanism(s) of disease progression. The field now has the tools to investigate human liver disease progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic development.
Clinical Course of Hemodialysis Access After Initial Endovascular Intervention for Stenosis in Asian Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Senthoor Dewahar , Thant Kyi Zin , Ng Tze-Kiat , Ho Pei 
Published: May 2017

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous fistula graft (AVG) access for hemodialysis can develop stenosis, eventually leading to thrombosis and access failure. Prompt endovascular intervention can salvage the access but restenosis does occur. Clinical course, restenosis pattern, and risk factors associated with initial stenosis of AVFs/AVGs in Asian hemodialysis patients were studied. Method: A retrospective study was conducted (January 2009-June 2012) on consecutive patients with renal failure who developed the first-time stenosis in the vascular access and were managed with endovascular intervention. One hundred fourteen patients (54 AVFs and 60 AVGs) were studied, and all clinical outcomes were recorded until October 2013. Results: The mean time from access creation to endovascular intervention for the first-time stenosis for patients with AVF and AVG was 23.5 (32.7 standard deviation [SD]) months and 12.5 (11.0) months, respectively. An average of 1.7 (range, 1-5) interventions were performed for AVFs, whereas 2.4 (range, 1-11) for AVGs ( P = .008). Upon conclusion of the study, 23 patients with AVF survived with functional index access, whereas 10 passed away with a functional original access. The remaining 21 patients with AVFs failed, requiring new access, tunneled catheter, or peritoneal dialysis. Of the 60 patients with AVG, 6 survived and 8 died with functional index access; 46 required new access or other forms of dialysis ( P = .000). Kaplan-Meier estimated that access patency and survival with functional access were significantly lower for AVGs than for AVFs after the first salvage intervention. Female patients had an increased risk of restenosis with both univariate ( P = .016) and multivariate ( P = .013) analysis. With univariate analysis ( P = .039), patients with hyperlipidemia had a higher risk of developing restenosis in the vascular access. Conclusion: The clinical course and prognosis of failing AVFs and AVGs are distinct. The information on access prognosis and stenosis recurrence patterns will be helpful for patient counseling and planning of follow-up intervals, after the first-time intervention for access stenosis.
MicroRNA-9 regulates mammalian axon regeneration in peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Hu Yiwen , Zhang Boyin , Shi Yao , Zhang Jin , Wu Xiuying , Yao Peng 
Published: May 2017

Effective axon regeneration is achieved mainly by precise regulation of gene expression after peripheral nerve injury. MicroRNAs play an important role in controlling axon regeneration owe to its key epigenetic function in regulating gene expression. Here, we reveal that microRNA-9 (miR-9) may be a new suppressor of axon regeneration and FoxP1 is the functional target of miR-9. High level of endogenous miR-9 in sensory neurons inhibited axon regeneration in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the regulatory effect of miR-9 was mediated by changes in FoxP1 levels. Full rescuing effect of axon regeneration was achieved by FoxP1 up-regulation. Most importantly, we showed that miR-9-FoxP1 might be a new signaling pathway to regulate mammalian axon regrowth. Moreover, we provided the first evidence that maintaining a higher level of FoxP1 in sensory neurons by the microRNA is necessary for efficient axon regeneration.
Augmented hamate replacement arthroplasty for fracture-dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joints in 12 patients
Authors: Thomas B. P. , Raveendran S. , Pallapati S. R. , Anderson G. A. 
Published: May 2017

We report clinical outcomes in 12 patients with hemi-hamate replacement arthroplasty combined with volar plate arthroplasty. The volar plate was reattached using trans-osseous sutures to reconstruct the ligament-box complex after hamate grafting to augment the stability of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Ten patients had improved joint movement from a mean of 14° before surgery to a mean of 77° at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Grip strength and pain of the affected hand and patient-rated hand and wrist scores were improved in these 10 patients. Two patients had poor results. One patient developed ankylosis, and one patient had resorption of the grafted bone. We conclude that the augmented hamate replacement arthroplasty is useful in treating chronic proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations. Level of evidence: IV
Comparison of the hospital costs for two-stage reimplantation for deep infection, single-stage revision and primary total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Ransom Jeanine E. , Kremers Hilal Maradit , Morrey Mark , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: May 2017

Background The purpose of the present study was to determine the cost of two-stage reimplantation for the treatment of deep infection after total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) and compare this with primary and aseptic revision TEA. Methods Three hundred and seventy-one primary TEA and 286 revision TEAs (including 47 elbows requiring two-stage reimplantation) were performed. Total direct medical costs during each hospitalization were obtained from our institutional research database and compared for three groups: primary TEA, revision for nonseptic reasons and two-stage reimplantation for deep infection. Results The mean cost of an uncomplicated primary TEA and aseptic revision TEA was $18,464 and $18,796, respectively. The mean overall cost associated with two-stage reimplantation increased to $34,286. Two-stage reimplantation increased both Part A (hospital costs) and Part B (professional costs). The mean Part A cost for septic revision TEA was $29,102 versus $15,844 for primary TEA. The mean Part B cost for septic revision TEA was $5,184 versus $2,621 for primary TEA. Conclusions Two-stage reimplantation for treatment of an infected TEA costs 186% the hospital cost of a primary uncomplicated or aseptic revision TEA. The overall cost to society is even greater if we take into account the cost of antibiotic therapy in between stages and lost days from work.
Risk of histologic Barrett’s esophagus between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites: A meta-analysis
Authors: Alkaddour Ahmad , Palacio Carlos , Vega Kenneth J 
Published: May 2017

Background Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is rare in African Americans (AA). However, the risk difference magnitude in histologic BE prevalence between AA and non-Hispanic whites (nHw) has not been quantified to date. Objective The objective of this article is to determine the degree of histologic BE risk difference between AA and nHw. Methods PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting histologic BE in AA/nHw for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with risk estimates of histologic BE occurrence between AA/nHw were calculated along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Forest plots were used to quantify heterogeneity. Funnel plots and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool were used to assess bias risk. Results Eight studies reported BE histologic confirmation in AA/nHw. Analysis demonstrated a nearly 400% increased histologic BE risk in nHw patients compared to AA (OR 3.949, 95% CI 3.069–5.082). In the model without the case-control study, histologic BE risk remained elevated at approximately 360% in nHw compared to AA (OR 3.618, 95% CI 2.769–4.726). Heterogeneity was not present in either model. Risk of bias was significant. Conclusions Histologic BE risk is elevated in nHw by 3.6–4 times compared to AA. Investigation into understanding any clinical, molecular or genetic mechanisms underlying this risk disparity is warranted.
Medical and biological factors affecting mortality in elderly residential fire victims: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Eggert Erik , Huss Fredrik 
Published: May 2017

[Formula: see text] For older people (aged over 65 years), the risk of dying in a residential fire is doubled compared to the general population. Obvious causes of death mainly include smoke inhalation and burn injuries. That older people are more fragile and have more concurrent diseases is inherent, but what is it that makes them more vulnerable? It is known that the number of elderly people is increasing globally and that the increased risk of death in fires can be explained, at least in part, by physical and/or cognitive disabilities as well as socioeconomic and behavioural factors. The possibility that medical illnesses and an aging organism/tissues might explain this increased risk has not been shown to the same extent. Therefore, this narrative literature review focuses on medical and biological explanations. An initial search using the terms ‘elderly’, ‘fatal’, ‘residential’ and ‘fire’ yielded some interesting articles. Using a broader snowball search also accepting grey literature, several additional risk factors could be identified. Cardiovascular diseases, in particular atherosclerotic heart disease, greatly increases the vulnerability to, for example, carbon monoxide and probably also other asphyxiating gases. Cardiovascular diseases and lack of physical fitness may also increase vulnerability to heat. Burned elderly patients are also at a higher risk of death than younger patients, but it is controversial whether it is age itself or the pre-existing illnesses that come with age that increase the risk. Immunosenescence, malnutrition and female gender are other risk factors for poorer outcome after burns, all of which are common among older people.
Autistic girls and school exclusion: Perspectives of students and their parents
Authors: Sproston Kelda , Sedgewick Felicity , Crane Laura 
Published: May 2017

Background and aims If a child’s behaviour does not conform to school policy or causes harm to either peers or staff, they may be temporarily or permanently excluded from school. Whilst it is unlawful to exclude children due to their needs, school exclusion is common amongst children with special educational needs, including autism. Currently, little is known about experiences of school exclusion from the perspectives of autistic students and/or their parents. This is particularly the case for girls on the autism spectrum. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight autistic girls and their parents (seven mothers, one father). Interviews explored experiences of mainstream schooling; alternative educational provisions that were offered (if any); the school exclusion process; and the girls’ current educational provision. As well as asking the girls and their parents about positive and negative aspects of their past and current experiences, participants were asked to reflect on areas for potential improvements. Results Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and three key themes emerged from the data: inappropriate school environments (including problems with the sensory environment, difficulties when placed with inappropriate peers and general pressures of mainstream classrooms), tensions in school relationships (including problems with staff and peers, alongside a general lack of communication), and problems with staff responses (including a perceived lack of understanding of the girls’ needs and a lack of appropriate support being provided, resulting in ‘battles’ between parents and schools). Conclusions The themes and subthemes that emerged from the interviews were not unique to autistic girls. Indeed, issues such as inappropriate school environments, a lack of staff understanding and breakdowns in relationships have been repeatedly raised by parents and young autistic people (mostly boys) in other studies, albeit in different environments. Nevertheless, the results highlight that more needs to be done to positively influence the direction of the girls’ educational journeys. Implications To improve the inclusion of autistic girls, it is recommended that educational establishments be proactive in developing inclusive environments, build positive relationships (both in and outside of the classroom) and, if exclusion is unavoidable, better support students both before and after the process.
The black hole accretion code
Authors: Porth Oliver , Olivares Hector , Mizuno Yosuke , Younsi Ziri , Rezzolla Luciano , Moscibrodzka Monika , Falcke Heino , Kramer Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present the black hole accretion code (), a new multidimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics module for the framework. has been designed to solve the equations of ideal general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in arbitrary spacetimes and exploits adaptive mesh refinement techniques with an efficient block-based approach. Several spacetimes have already been implemented and tested. We demonstrate the validity of by means of various one-, two-, and three-dimensional test problems, as well as through a close comparison with the code in the case of a torus accreting onto a black hole. The convergence of a turbulent accretion scenario is investigated with several diagnostics and we find accretion rates and horizon-penetrating fluxes to be convergent to within a few percent when the problem is run in three dimensions. Our analysis also involves the study of the corresponding thermal synchrotron emission, which is performed by means of a new general-relativistic radiative transfer code, . The resulting synthetic intensity maps of accretion onto black holes are found to be convergent with increasing resolution and are anticipated to play a crucial role in the interpretation of horizon-scale images resulting from upcoming radio observations of the source at the Galactic Center.
Global ray-casting range image registration
Authors: Tao Linh , Bui Tam , Hasegawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a novel method for pair-wise range image registration, a backbone task in world modeling, parts inspection and manufacture, object recognition, pose estimation, robotic navigation, and reverse engineering. The method finds the most suitable homogeneous transformation matrix between two constructed range images to create a more complete 3D view of a scene. The proposed solution integrates a ray casting-based fitness estimation with a global optimization method called improved self-adaptive differential evolution. This method eliminates the fine registration steps of the well-known iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm used in previously proposed methods, and thus, is the first direct global registration algorithm. With its parallel implementation potential, the ray casting-based algorithm speeds up the fitness calculation for the global optimization method, which effectively exploits the search space to find the best transformation solution. The integration was successfully implemented in a parallel paradigm on a multi-core computer processor to solve a simultaneous 3D localization problem. The fast, accurate, and robust results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves on the registration problem over state-of-the-art algorithms.
Human blood monocytes are able to form extracellular traps
Authors: Granger Vanessa , Faille Dorothée , Marani Vanessa , Noël Benoît , Gallais Yann , Szely Natacha , Flament Héloïse , Pallardy Marc , Chollet-Martin Sylvie , de Chaisemartin Luc 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular DNA filaments formed during neutrophil activation. This process, called netosis, was originally associated with neutrophil antibacterial properties. However, several lines of evidence now suggest a major role for netosis in thrombosis, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. We demonstrate here that highly purified human blood monocytes are also capable of extracellular trap (ET) release in response to several stimuli. Monocyte ETs display a morphology analogous to NETs and are associated with myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoferrin (LF), citrullinated histones, and elastase. Monocyte ET release depends on oxidative burst but not on MPO activity, in contrast to neutrophils. Moreover, we demonstrate procoagulant activity for monocyte ETs, a feature that could be relevant to monocyte thrombogenic properties. This new cellular mechanism is likely to have implications in the multiple pathologic contexts where monocytes are implicated, such as inflammatory disorders, infection, or thrombosis.
Association Between Radiologic Incidental Findings and Resource Utilization in Patients Admitted With Chest Pain in an Urban Medical Center
Authors: Gundareddy Venkat P. , Maruthur Nisa M. , Chibungu Abednego , Bollampally Preetam , Landis Regina , Eid Shaker M. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDIncreasing use of testing among hospitalized patients has resulted in an increase in radiologic incidental findings (IFs), which challenge the provision of high‐value care in the hospital setting.OBJECTIVETo understand impact of radiologic incidental findings on resource utilization in patients hospitalized with chest pain.DESIGNRetrospective observational cross sectional study.SETTINGAcademic medical center.PARTICIPANTSAdult patients hospitalized with principal diagnosis of chest pain.MEASUREMENTSDemographic, imaging, and length of stay (LOS) data were abstracted from the medical charts. We used multiple logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with radiologic IFs and negative binomial regression to evaluate the association between radiologic IFs and LOS.RESULTS1811 consecutive admissions with chest pain were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 24 months; 376 patients were included in the study after exclusion criteria were applied and readmissions removed. Of these, 197 patients (52%) had 364 new radiologic IFs on imaging; most IFs were of minor (50%) or moderate clinical significance (42%), with only 7% of major significance. Odds of finding radiologic IFs increased with age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01‐1.06) and was associated with a 26% increase in LOS (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.49).CONCLUSIONRadiologic IFs were very common among patients hospitalized with chest pain of suspected cardiac origin and independently associated with an increase in the LOS. Interventions to address radiologic IFs may reduce LOS and, thereby, support high‐value care.