bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Damage in Postpubertal Boys and Girls: A Comparative Study
Authors: Pal Sangita , Chaki Biswajit , Chattopadhyay Sreya , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Pal, S, Chaki, B, Chattopadhyay, S, and Bandyopadhyay, A. High-intensity exercise induced oxidative stress and skeletal muscle damage in post-pubertal boys and girls: a comparative study. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1045–1052, 2018—The purpose of this study was to examine the sex variation in high-intensity exercise induced oxidative stress and muscle damage among 44 sedentary postpubertal boys and girls through estimation of postexercise release pattern of muscle damage markers like creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and oxidative stress markers like extent of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and catalase activity. Muscle damage markers like creatine kinase, LDH, ALT, and AST were measured before, immediately after, and 24 and 48 hours after high-intensity incremental treadmill running. Oxidative stress markers like thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and catalase activity were estimated before and immediately after the exercise. Lipid peroxidation and serum catalase activity increased significantly in both groups after exercise (p < 0.001) with postexercise values and percentage increase significantly higher in postpubertal boys as compared to girls (p < 0.001). Creatine kinase and LDH activity also increased significantly above pre-exercise level at 24 and 48 hours after exercise in both the sexes, (p < 0.001) with values significantly higher for boys than the girls (p < 0.001). Although ALT and AST increased significantly in both the groups after exercise, the pattern of postexercise release of these markers were found to be similar in both the groups. Accordingly, it has been concluded from the present investigation that high-intensity exercise induces significant oxidative stress and increases indices of skeletal muscle damage in both postpubertal girls and boys. However, postpubertal girls are relatively better protected from oxidative stress and muscle damage as compared to the boys of similar age and physical activity level. It is further evident that sex difference may not be apparent for all the biomarkers of muscle damage in this age group.
Potencial pedagógico del Mobile Learning en el aula de música en secundaria
Authors: Alises Camacho Maria Encarnación 
Published: August 2017

El presente estudio, basado en el proyecto musical nacido en el Centro de Formación del Profesorado de Castilla la Mancha en 2013, Crea la Banda Sonora de tu vida, pretende demostrar cómo el uso de dispositivos móviles en el aula de música en Secundaria, tiene un enorme potencial pedagógico y educativo, tomando como referencia las actuales metodologías educativas, como son las inteligencias múltiples, la inteligencia emocional, el trabajo colaborativo o el Mobile Learning, desde el aprendizaje por proyectos, el emprendimiento o la integración del modelo TPACK, desde una perspectiva relacional, proponiendo un modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje que utilice adecuadamente el Mobile Learning. El uso generalizado en su vida cotidiana de dispositivos móviles en la población estudiada, alumnado de Secundaria, nos obliga en cierta medida a incorporarlos a la escuela, con una base metodológica adecuada, relacionando educación formal, informal y no formal, utilizando el Mobile Learning como una estrategia de aprendizaje, adscrita a la competencia de aprender a aprender y a las demás competencias del s. XXI.
Modelo de producción de vídeos didácticos para la modalidad presencial de la enseñanza universitaria / Model of production of didactic videos for the Face-To-Face Modality of University Education
Authors: Vélez Amador Ricardo Eric 
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo describe un modelo que permite producir videos didácticos y se desprende de la tesis doctoral “Diseño y validación de un modelo de producción de videos didácticos para la modalidad presencial de la enseñanza universitaria”. Además, constituye un aporte al proyecto “Diseño e implementación de un modelo edu-comunicativo para fomentar la cultura de la paz en la región Caribe” (PRYINT-081-2017) desarrollado en la Universidad Autónoma del Caribe. Para su diseño se desarrolló una investigación en tres fases. La primera: Se diagnosticó, bajo enfoque cuantitativo el uso didáctico que los docentes universitarios de la ciudad de Barranquilla dan al audiovisual. La segunda: se desarrolló con enfoque cualitativo y tuvo como objetivo consultar a un grupo de especialistas en docencia y producción audiovisual sobre el diseño de un modelo de producción de videos didácticos. La tercera: validó el modelo a través de la técnica de ‘juicio de expertos’. La naturaleza de este estudio está enmarcada dentro de la complejidad que representa el procesamiento del lenguaje audiovisual y requirió un tratamiento metodológico que abarcara distintas dimensiones de la realidad desde una perspectiva holística. Finalmente, se presenta un modelo original que resulta aplicable, puesto que su viabilidad quedó validada a través del juicio de expertos
Empiric Antibiotic Use and Susceptibility in Infants With Bacterial Infections: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Feldman Elana A. , McCulloh Russell J. , Myers Angela L. , Aronson Paul L. , Neuman Mark I. , Bradford Miranda C. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Balamuth Frances , Blackstone Mercedes M. , Browning Whitney L. , Hayes Katie , Korman Rosalynne , Leazer Rianna C. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Marble Richard , Roben Emily , Williams Derek J. , Tieder Joel S. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVES:
To assess hospital differences in empirical antibiotic use, bacterial epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility for common antibiotic regimens among young infants with urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteremia, or bacterial meningitis.

METHODS:
We reviewed medical records from infants &lt;90 days old presenting to 8 US children’s hospitals with UTI, bacteremia, or meningitis. We used the Pediatric Health Information System database to identify cases and empirical antibiotic use and medical record review to determine infection, pathogen, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. We compared hospital-level differences in antimicrobial use, pathogen, infection site, and antimicrobial susceptibility.

RESULTS:
We identified 470 infants with bacterial infections: 362 (77%) with UTI alone and 108 (23%) with meningitis or bacteremia. Infection type did not differ across hospitals (P = .85). Empirical antibiotic use varied across hospitals (P &lt; .01), although antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for common empirical regimens were similar. A third-generation cephalosporin would have empirically treated 90% of all ages, 89% in 7- to 28-day-olds, and 91% in 29- to 89-day-olds. The addition of ampicillin would have improved coverage in only 4 cases of bacteremia and meningitis. Ampicillin plus gentamicin would have treated 95%, 89%, and 97% in these age groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Empirical antibiotic use differed across regionally diverse US children’s hospitals in infants &lt;90 days old with UTI, bacteremia, or meningitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility to common antibiotic regimens was similar across hospitals, and adding ampicillin to a third-generation cephalosporin minimally improves coverage. Our findings support incorporating empirical antibiotic recommendations into national guidelines for infants with suspected bacterial infection.
Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness: Reducing Excess Hospitalizations
Authors: Boss Renee D. , Williams Erin P. , Henderson Carrie M. , Seltzer Rebecca R. , Shapiro Miriam C. , Hahn Emily , Hutton Nancy 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVES:
The past 2 decades have seen an expanding pediatric population that is chronically critically ill: children with repeated and prolonged hospitalizations and ongoing dependence on technologies to sustain vital functions. Although illness complexity prompts many hospitalizations, our goal with this study was to explore modifiable patient, family, and health system contributions to excess hospital days for children with chronic critical illness (CCI).

METHODS:
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 51 stakeholders known for their CCI expertise. Stakeholders were from 5 metropolitan areas and were either (1) interdisciplinary providers (inpatient and/or outpatient clinicians, home health providers, foster care affiliates, or policy professionals) or (2) parents of children with CCI. Interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for themes.

RESULTS:
All stakeholders agreed that homelike settings are ideal care sites for children with CCI, yet in every region these children experience prolonged hospitalizations. The perceived causes of excess hospital days are (1) inadequate communication and coordination within health care teams and between clinicians and families, (2) widespread gaps in qualified pediatric home health services and durable medical equipment providers, (3) inconsistent parent support, and (4) policies that limit pediatric service eligibility, state-supported case management, and nonhospital care sites.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite an expanding pediatric population with CCI, we lack an intentional care model to minimize their hospitalizations. In this study, we generate several hypotheses for exploring the potential impact of expanded access to home nursing, robust care coordination, and family and clinician support to reduce hospital days for this population of high health care utilizers.
Multicenter Observational Study of the Use of Nebulized Hypertonic Saline to Treat Children Hospitalized for Bronchiolitis From 2008 to 2014
Authors: Davis Joshua , Thompson Amy D. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Piedra Pedro A. , Hasegawa Kohei , Sullivan Ashley F. , Espinola Janice A. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Among children hospitalized for bronchiolitis, we examined temporal trends in the use of hypertonic saline (HTS) and the characteristics associated with receiving this treatment.

METHODS:
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 2 large, multicenter prospective cohort studies that included young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis during 5 winter seasons (2008–2014). Our outcome was receipt of HTS any time during the preadmission visit or hospitalization. For comparison with the observed trends in HTS use, we conducted a PubMed literature review of studies evaluating HTS use for bronchiolitis. We classified publications according to their assessment of HTS efficacy (positive, negative, or neutral).

RESULTS:
Among 2709 hospitalized children, 241 (8.9%) received HTS. There was marked variability in HTS use by site (0%–91%), with use more common among children admitted to the ICU than those treated on the ward (31% vs 15%). Over the study period, administration of HTS increased from 2% during the 2008–2009 season to 27% during the 2011–2012 season, but then it decreased to 11% during the 2013–2014 season. Before 2010, the number of PubMed HTS publications ranged from 0 to 3 articles per year, with all classified as either positive or neutral. The number of positive publications increased in 2010 (n = 5), whereas negative publications peaked in 2014 (n = 4).

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of HTS in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis increased during the 2008 to 2012 winter seasons and then declined. These findings paralleled trends in the HTS literature, with positive articles encouraging HTS use in early years followed by a growing number of neutral and negative articles after 2012.
High-Expenditure Pharmaceutical Use Among Children in Medicaid
Authors: Cohen Eyal , Hall Matt , Lopert Ruth , Bruen Brian , Chamberlain Lisa J. , Bardach Naomi , Gedney Jennifer , Zima Bonnie T. , Berry Jay G. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Medication use may be a target for quality improvement, cost containment, and research. We aimed to identify medication classes associated with the highest expenditures among pediatric Medicaid enrollees and to characterize the demographic, clinical, and health service use of children prescribed these medications.

METHODS:
Retrospective, cross-sectional study of 3 271 081 Medicaid-enrolled children. Outpatient medication spending among high-expenditure medication classes, defined as the 10 most expensive among 261 mutually exclusive medication classes, was determined by using transaction prices paid to pharmacies by Medicaid agencies and managed care plans among prescriptions filled and dispensed in 2013.

RESULTS:
Outpatient medications accounted for 16.6% of all Medicaid expenditures. The 10 most expensive medication classes accounted for 63.9% of all medication expenditures. Stimulants (amphetamine-type) accounted for both the highest proportion of expenditures (20.6%) and days of medication use (14.0%) among medication classes. Users of medications in the 10 highest-expenditure classes were more likely to have a chronic condition of any complexity (77.9% vs 41.6%), a mental health condition (35.7% vs 11.9%), or a complex chronic condition (9.8% vs 4.3%) than other Medicaid enrollees (all P &lt; .001). The 4 medications with the highest spending were all psychotropic medications. Polypharmacy was common across all high-expenditure classes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Medicaid expenditure on pediatric medicines is concentrated among a relatively small number of medication classes most commonly used in children with chronic conditions. Interventions to improve medication safety and effectiveness and contain costs may benefit from better delineation of the appropriate prescription of these medications.
The Use of the Internet Sources in the Professional Development of Preschool Teachers / Uporaba internetskih izvora u profesionalnom razvoju odgajatelja
Authors: Prtljaga Predrag , Savić Zoran 
Published: August 2017

Abstract In the first part of the paper, the importance of preschool education in modern society is considered with regard to the principles of contemporary education, pointing to the need for the professional improvement of preschool teachers, so that they are capable of reaching the expected standards. The paper further focuses on the competences and developed reflections of preschool teachers, as well as on the need to create conditions for preschool teachers to shift from the analogue to the digital educational world through ICT trainings, which should lead to the use of adequate Internet sources. The empirical part deals with the answer to the question regarding the extent to which preschool teachers use electronic sources in their professional work as compared to conventional sources, their prior experience and the existing documentation. According to the main research findings, regardless of their gender, work experience or level of education, the preschool teachers use the Internet sources less than other conventional sources in order to improve the quality of their work. On the other hand, certain differences were found between them considering their prior work experience, i.e. subjects with less work experience use electronic sources to a greater extent than their more experienced colleagues. The final part of the paper provides some concluding remarks and implications of the conducted research. Key words: competences; reflection; Web portals.---SažetakU prvom dijelu rada razmatra se važnost predškolskog obrazovanja u suvremenom društvu s obzirom na načela suvremenog obrazovanja te ukazuje na potrebu stručnog usavršavanja odgajatelja koji će biti sposobni dostići očekivane standarde. Rad se zatim bavi kompetencijama i razvijenom refleksijom odgajatelja, kao i nužnim stvaranjem uvjeta u kojima će se odgajatelji udaljiti od svijeta analognog i približiti svijetu digitalnog obrazovanja putem ICT usavršavanja, što će dovesti do uporabe odgovarajućih internetskih izvora. U empirijskom dijelu rada traži se odgovor na pitanje do koje se mjere u profesionalnom radu odgajatelji koriste elektroničkim izvorima u usporedbi s konvencionalnim izvorima informacija, njihovim prethodnim iskustvom i postojećim dokumentima. Prema glavnim istraživačkim rezultatima, bez obzira na rod, radno iskustvo ili obrazovnu razinu, odgajatelji se koriste internetskim izvorima manje nego konvencionalnim izvorima da bi unaprijedili kvalitetu rada. No, utvrđene su određene razlike među njima s obzirom na radno iskustvo, to jest ispitanici koji imaju kraće radno iskustvo više se koriste elektroničkim izvorima od svojih iskusnijih kolega. U završnom dijelu rada nude se zaključci i praktične implikacije provedenog istraživanja.Ključne riječi: kompetencije; refleksija; mrežni portali.
A Clinical Study on Denture Stomatitis in a Group of Denture Wearers in Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: Karim Jwan , Kareem Saeed 
Published: August 2017

Denture stomatitis is the most common condition which affects the palatal mucosa in 50% of wearers of complete or partial removable dentures. The etiology of denture stomatitis is multicausal, a wide range of both local and systemic predisposing conditions maybe involved in its pathogenesis, The present study involved a clinical survey on the-most predisposing local factors among 40 patients (18 male, 22 female)in the ,development of denture stomatitis within denture wearers attended Prosthodontics clinic of the College in Sulaimani Governorate Their age ranged from 45- 75 years. The study showed that denture stomatitis of pinpoint hyperplasia occurred in %30 of the cases, diffuse erythema found in 55% and inflammatory papillary hyperplasia in %15. We observed that most of these cases were caused by chronicinfection by candida albicans associated with mechanical injury due to wearing dentures day and night constantly arnang (%74.2) of cases and (25.7%) in those wearing their dentures during the day only. It is concluded that in order to prevent or minimize the extent of these lesions, denture wearers are advised to clean their mouth and dentures regularly, to wear their dentures during day time only and should berecalled for examination of the oral cavity and their dentures.
Shear Behavior of Fibrous High Strength Concrete Deep Beams Under Uniformly Distributed Loading
Authors: Hanna Thamer 
Published: August 2017

This paper investigates the effect of the steel fiber and type of web reinforcement of high strength concrete on cracking behavior and deformation characteristics of deep beams under uniformly distributed load. The complete load-deflection response and the modes of failure were investigated experimentally.
Eighteen beams of (600*300*100 mm) and nine cubes of (150*150*150 mm) in dimension were tested and compared with the same three series of different types of web reinforcement which contain different contents of fiber as additive, Results indicate that mid-span deflection decreases with increasing fiber content, while shear capacity increases, also test results indicate that type of web reinforcement produces no effect on formation of vertical cracks.
Effect of Grain size of Porous Media on Physical Clogging
Authors: Rahim Nawzad , Rasheed Kamal , Qadir Omed 
Published: August 2017

The effect of size of grains of porous media on physical clogging under constant flow rates was investigated experimentally. A sandy soil having particle size ranging from 355 to 1190 pm, fractioned into seven unisizes, was selected as the porous media" Two types of silt soils (smaller than 63 pm) were used as suspensions, Two concentrations (500 and 1000 mg/L) with three flow rates (116, 214 and 353ml/min) were used. The results showed that, the permeability reduction (Kt/Ki) decreased with decreasing mean grain diameter (D50) of the porous media till a critical value of (D50/d50) after which a surface mat of suspension is formed on the surface of porous media. The effects of suspension type and flow rates on physical clogging seemed to depend on the pores size of the porous media.
A Technical Report: Geotechnical and Geophysical Properties Study of Soil about Tabeen-Dokan in Sulamania Region
Authors: Mohamad Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

This research includes field and laboratory detailed investigations for study of physical and chemical
engineering of Tabeen-Dokan in Sulymania Region. Experimental work included two main aspects,
that was taken disturbed and undisturbed soil samples carry out to several tests in laboratory of soil mechanic. The
second part was related to the field tests for calculating geophysical properties of soil in addition of defining the
water table level. The results of analysis and data collection indicate that the soil in this region has a good
bearing capacity but have some problems in swelling index and the water table was not observed during the
investigation period.
Some Effects of(θ,ϕ) −Derivations on Centrally Prime Rings
Authors: Jabbar Adil 
Published: August 2017

In this paper we study some effects of θ φ),( − derivations on centrally prime rings, and we try to extend
some results on prime rings which are concerned with θ φ),( − derivations to centrally prime rings and also
we determine those conditions under which these extensions are allowed.
The Effect of Chemical Warfare Agents on the Immune System of Survivors in Halabja
Authors: Hama Salih , Al-Jaff Bahrouz , Mahmud Bakhtiar 
Published: August 2017

To evaluate the incidence of immunocompetence, including cell-mediated and antibody fitness, among survivors of the chemical bombardment of Halabja in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, forty exposed and forty unexposed subjects regarded as controls were studied to determine their immune system status 12 years after bombardment. Skin reactivity to tuberculin, D.T.P. vaccine, T.T toxoid and measles vaccine was negative in 62.5% of the exposed cases in compare to unexposed persons who showed no negative reactions 0%. The total leukocyte count was normal among 70% of exposed cases, whereas the total lymphocyte count was within sub-normal ranges in 80% of exposed cases. All the subjects displaying negative skin reactions had sub- normal lymphocyte counts, which reflect impaired cell-mediated immunity. The immunoglobulin assay for exposed cases revealed sub-normal values for IgG (12.5%) and IgA (52.5%), while the IgM level was above the normal range in 22.5% of cases when compared to that of controls that showed no abnormal values. This result revealed that there was a deficiency in antibody-mediated immunity. There were significant differences between the exposed and the control samples with respect to total leukocytes (p = 11× 10-5), neutrophil count (p = 0.88 × 10-3), lymphocyte count (p = 0.0), IgG (p = 0. 74 × 10-10) and IgA (p = 0. 1 × 10-10). The immunological reactions were more closely related to the effects of mustard gas, which appeared to be long lasting.
Speaker Identification Using Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Mahmood Suzan , George Loay 
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a neural-based system for speaker identification is investigated. The linear predictive
coefficients have been used as a set of descriptors for the speaker data. This set of descriptors is fed to a back
propagation neural network for the purpose of speaker identification. Also, it is found that the process of
segmenting the audio data into slices has great effect on the identification results, the number and length of
slice has major influence on the success of the identification process.