bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical and Near-infrared Spectra of σ Orionis Isolated Planetary-mass Objects
Authors: Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Béjar V. J. S. , Ramírez K. Peña 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We have obtained low-resolution optical (0.7–0.98 μm) and near-infrared (1.11–1.34 μm and 0.8–2.5 μm) spectra of 12 isolated planetary-mass candidates (J = 18.2–19.9 mag) of the 3 Myr σ Orionis star cluster with the aim of determining the spectroscopic properties of very young, substellar dwarfs and assembling a complete cluster mass function. We have classified our targets by visual comparison with high- and low-gravity standards and by measuring newly defined spectroscopic indices. We derived L0–L4.5 and M9–L2.5 using high- and low-gravity standards, respectively. Our targets reveal clear signposts of youth, thus corroborating their cluster membership and planetary masses (6–13 M
Jup). These observations complete the σ Orionis mass function by spectroscopically confirming the planetary-mass domain to a confidence level of ∼75%. The comparison of our spectra with BT-Settl solar metallicity model atmospheres yields a temperature scale of 2350–1800 K and a low surface gravity of log g ≈ 4.0 [cm s−2], as would be expected for young planetary-mass objects. We discuss the properties of the cluster’s least-massive population as a function of spectral type. We have also obtained the first optical spectrum of S Ori 70, a T dwarf in the direction of σ Orionis. Our data provide reference optical and near-infrared spectra of very young L dwarfs and a mass function that may be used as templates for future studies of low-mass substellar objects and exoplanets. The extrapolation of the σ Orionis mass function to the solar neighborhood may indicate that isolated planetary-mass objects with temperatures of ∼200–300 K and masses in the interval 6–13 M
Jup may be as numerous as very low-mass stars.
The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes
Authors: Vos Johanna M. , Allers Katelyn N. , Biller Beth A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper we study the full sample of known Spitzer [3.6 μm] and J-band variable brown dwarfs. We calculate the rotational velocities,

, of 16 variable brown dwarfs using archival Keck NIRSPEC data and compute the inclination angles of 19 variable brown dwarfs. The results obtained show that all objects in the sample with mid-IR variability detections are inclined at an angle

, while all objects in the sample displaying J-band variability have an inclination angle

. J-band variability appears to be more affected by inclination than Spitzer [3.6 μm] variability, and is strongly attenuated at lower inclinations. Since J-band observations probe deeper into the atmosphere than mid-IR observations, this effect may be due to the increased atmospheric path length of J-band flux at lower inclinations. We find a statistically significant correlation between the color anomaly and inclination of our sample, where field objects viewed equator-on appear redder than objects viewed at lower inclinations. Considering the full sample of known variable L, T, and Y spectral type objects in the literature, we find that the variability properties of the two bands display notably different trends that are due to both intrinsic differences between bands and the sensitivity of ground-based versus space-based searches. However, in both bands we find that variability amplitude may reach a maximum at ∼7–9 hr periods. Finally, we find a strong correlation between color anomaly and variability amplitude for both the J-band and mid-IR variability detections, where redder objects display higher variability amplitudes.
An Inside Look at Sunspot Oscillations with Higher Azimuthal Wavenumbers
Authors: Jess David B. , Doorsselaere Tom Van , Verth Gary , Fedun Viktor , Prasad S. Krishna , Erdélyi Robert , Keys Peter H. , Grant Samuel D. T. , Uitenbroek Han , Christian Damian J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Solar chromospheric observations of sunspot umbrae offer an exceptional view of magnetohydrodynamic wave phenomena. In recent years, a wealth of wave signatures related to propagating magneto-acoustic modes have been presented, which demonstrate complex spatial and temporal structuring of the wave components. Theoretical modeling has demonstrated how these ubiquitous waves are consistent with an m = 0 slow magneto-acoustic mode, which is excited by trapped sub-photospheric acoustic (p-mode) waves. However, the spectrum of umbral waves is broad, suggesting that the observed signatures represent the superposition of numerous frequencies and/or modes. We apply Fourier filtering, in both spatial and temporal domains, to extract chromospheric umbral wave characteristics consistent with an m = 1 slow magneto-acoustic mode. This identification has not been described before. Angular frequencies of

0.037
±
0.007

rad

s

−
1

(

2.1
±
0.4

deg

s

−
1

, corresponding to a period ≈170 s) for the m = 1 mode are uncovered for spatial wavenumbers in the range of

0.45
<
k
<
0.90

arcsec−1 (5000−9000 km). Theoretical dispersion relations are solved, with corresponding eigenfunctions computed, which allows the density perturbations to be investigated and compared with our observations. Such magnetohydrodynamic modeling confirms our interpretation that the identified wave signatures are the first direct observations of an m = 1 slow magneto-acoustic mode in the chromospheric umbra of a sunspot.
Mode Change of a Gamma-Ray Pulsar, PSR J2021+4026
Authors: Zhao J. , Ng C. W. , Lin L. C. C. , Takata J. , Cai Y. , Hu C.-P. , Yen D. C. C. , Tam P. H. T. , Hui C. Y. , Kong A. K. H. , Cheng K. S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A glitch of a pulsar is known as a sudden increase in the spin frequency and spin-down rate (frequency time derivative), and it can be caused by a sudden release of the stress built up in the solid crust of the star or pinned vortices in the superfluid interior. PSR J2021+4026 is the first pulsar that shows a significant change in the gamma-ray flux and pulse profile at the glitch that occurred around 2011 October 16. We report the results of timing and spectral analysis of PSR J2021+4026 using ∼8 yr Fermi Large Area Telescope data. We find that the pulsar stayed at a high spin-down rate (

higher than the pre-glitch value) and a low gamma-ray state (

lower) for about 3 yr after the glitch. Around 2014 December, the spin-down rate and gamma-ray flux gradually returned to pre-glitch values within a timescale of a few months. The phase-resolved spectra and pulse profiles after the relaxation are also consistent with those before the glitch. The observed long-term evolution of the spin-down rate and the gamma-ray flux indicates that the glitch triggered a mode change in the global magnetosphere. We speculate that the glitch changed the local magnetic field structure around the polar cap and/or the inclination angle of the dipole axis, leading to a change in the electric current circulating in the magnetosphere.
A Fast, Direct Procedure to Estimate the Desorption Energy for Various Molecular Ices of Astrophysical Interest
Authors: Luna Ramón , Luna-Ferrándiz Ramón , Millán Carlos , Domingo Manuel , Caro Guillermo M. Muñoz , Santonja Carmina , Satorre Miguel Á. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Desorption energy is a relevant parameter when studying the desorption kinetics of an ice under astrophysical conditions. Values reported are generally calculated using at least a desorption experiment and a further data analysis at present. In this work the establishment of a simple rule that relates the desorption energy of a species to the temperature of its desorption peak is explored. The paper presents the results obtained from zeroth-order desorption experiments, based on the use of a quartz crystal microbalance to monitor the loss of weight during desorption of the accreted ice sample under high-vacuum conditions, of nine different molecules covering a wide range of desorption energies. During these experiments, the ice desorption rate reaches a maximum at a certain temperature depending on the molecule. The formula obtained in this study facilitates the estimation of the desorption energy and is valid for all the investigated molecules. Based on these experimental results and simulations, the theoretical expression obtained is valid to calculate desorption energy for zeroth- and first-order desorption experiments under high- or ultrahigh-vacuum conditions using different ice thickness films.
ISM Properties of a Massive Dusty Star-forming Galaxy Discovered at z ∼ 7
Authors: Strandet M. L. , Weiss A. , Breuck C. De , Marrone D. P. , Vieira J. D. , Aravena M. , Ashby M. L. N. , Béthermin M. , Bothwell M. S. , Bradford C. M. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chapman S. C. , Cunningham D. J. M. , Chen Chian-Chou , Fassnacht C. D. , Gonzalez A. H. , Greve T. R. , Gullberg B. , Hayward C. C. , Hezaveh Y. , Litke K. , Ma J. , Malkan M. , Menten K. M. , Miller T. , Murphy E. J. , Narayanan D. , Phadke K. A. , Rotermund K. M. , Spilker J. S. , Sreevani J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery and constrain the physical conditions of the interstellar medium of the highest-redshift millimeter-selected dusty star-forming galaxy to date, SPT-S J031132−5823.4 (hereafter SPT0311−58), at

. SPT0311−58 was discovered via its 1.4 mm thermal dust continuum emission in the South Pole Telescope (SPT)-SZ survey. The spectroscopic redshift was determined through an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 3 mm frequency scan that detected CO(6–5), CO(7–6), and

(2–1), and subsequently was confirmed by detections of CO(3–2) with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and

with APEX. We constrain the properties of the ISM in SPT0311−58 with a radiative transfer analysis of the dust continuum photometry and the CO and

line emission. This allows us to determine the gas content without ad hoc assumptions about gas mass scaling factors. SPT0311−58 is extremely massive, with an intrinsic gas mass of

. Its large mass and intense star formation is very rare for a source well into the epoch of reionization.
T Cell–Restricted Notch Signaling Contributes to Pulmonary Th1 and Th2 Immunity during Cryptococcus neoformans Infection
Authors: Neal Lori M. , Qiu Yafeng , Chung Jooho , Xing Enze , Cho Woosung , Malachowski Antoni N. , Sandy-Sloat Ashley R. , Osterholzer John J. , Maillard Ivan , Olszewski Michal A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous, opportunistic fungal pathogen but the cell signaling pathways that drive T cell responses regulating antifungal immunity are incompletely understood. Notch is a key signaling pathway regulating T cell development, and differentiation and functional responses of mature T cells in the periphery. The targeting of Notch signaling within T cells has been proposed as a potential treatment for alloimmune and autoimmune disorders, but it is unknown whether disturbances to T cell immunity may render these patients vulnerable to fungal infections. To elucidate the role of Notch signaling during fungal infections, we infected mice expressing the pan-Notch inhibitor dominant negative mastermind-like within mature T cells with C. neoformans. Inhibition of T cell–restricted Notch signaling increased fungal burdens in the lungs and CNS, diminished pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, and simultaneously impaired Th1 and Th2 responses. Pulmonary leukocyte cultures from T cell Notch-deprived mice produced less IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-13 than wild-type cells. This correlated with lower frequencies of IFN-γ–, IL-5–, and IL-13–producing CD4+ T cells, reduced expression of Th1 and Th2 associated transcription factors, Tbet and GATA3, and reduced production of IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells. In contrast, Th17 responses were largely unaffected by Notch signaling. The changes in T cell responses corresponded with impaired macrophage activation and reduced leukocyte accumulation, leading to diminished fungal control. These results identify Notch signaling as a previously unappreciated regulator of Th1 and Th2 immunity and an important element of antifungal defenses against cryptococcal infection and CNS dissemination.
DESIGNING DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS OVER MULTIPLE LENGTH SCALES FOR 21ST CENTURY SOFT MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Armstrong Daniel P. , Spontak Richard J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTDielectric elastomers (DEs) constitute an increasingly important category of electroactive polymers. They are in a class of generally soft materials that, upon exposure to an electric stimulus, respond by changing size, shape, or both. Derived from network-forming macromolecules, DEs are lightweight, robust and scalable, and they are capable of exhibiting giant electroactuation strains, high electromechanical efficiencies, and relatively low strain-cycling hysteresis over a broad range of electric fields. Due primarily to their attractive electromechanical attributes, DEs are of growing interest in diverse biomedical, (micro)robotic, and analytical technologies. Since the seminal studies of these electroresponsive materials (initially fabricated mainly from chemically cross-linked acrylic and silicone elastomers), advances in materials design over multiple length scales have resulted in not only improved electromechanical performance but also better mechanistic understanding. We first review the fundamental operating principles of DEs developed from conventional elastomers that undergo isotropic electroactuation and then consider more recent advances at different length scales. At the macroscale, incorporation of oriented fibers within elastomeric matrices is found to have a profound impact on electroactuation by promoting an anisotropic response. At the mesoscale, physically cross-linked thermoplastic elastomer gel networks formed by midblock-swollen triblock copolymers provide a highly tunable alternative to chemically cross-linked elastomers. At the nanoscale, the chemical synthesis of binetwork and bottlebrush elastomers permits extraordinarily enhanced electromechanical performance through targeted integration of inherently prestrained macromolecular networks.
Origins of Ghost Drusen: A follow-up Analysis
Authors: Bottin Caroline , Zambrowski Olivia , Querques Giuseppe , Yves Cohen Salomon , Srour Mayer , Semoun Oudy , Souied Eric H. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose Ghost drusen (GD) are pyramidal or dome-shaped retinal pigment epithelium elevations observed in some geographic atrophy (GA) areas in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose was to investigate the first morphologic features preceding GD on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) on patients with GA associated with AMD. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed on a series of patients with GA that had at least 3 years of follow-up. Using the follow-up tool of SD-OCT, we tracked the initial lesions that could lead to GD. Results Among 442 patients with GA, 37 had well defined GD (8%). We included the 17/37 patients (31 eyes) with at least 3 years of follow-up for analysis, which led to a total of 582 counted GD. Most GD were already present at the first visit, and remained stable. However, on 13 of the 582 analyzed GD (2.2%), soft drusen were shown as the initial lesion, which progressively turned into GD. Conclusions GD were observed in less than 10% of eyes with GA. None of the ghost drusen turned into another shaped lesion, suggesting that GD is a possible final stage of evolution. In a few cases, large drusen were shown as the primary lesion that progressed into GD.
Homo Post-Sovieticus: (Re)fashioning the Male Body in Putin’s Russia
Authors: Roberts Graham H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The subject of this article is the male body in contemporary Russian fashion photography. My aim is to locate such photography within current debates around subject construction, representation, and masculinity. In particular, I argue that a number of images of the male body that can be found on the websites of three Russian fashion designers—Serguei Teplov, Cyrille Gassiline, and Gosha Rubchinskiy—can be read as homoerotic. This emergent homoeroticism is all the more interesting because it comes at a time when Russia’s president, Vladimir Putin, has made heroic, heteronormative masculinity a central pillar both of his own personal popularity and of Russian national identity. As well as being noteworthy in itself, this raises important questions about the ideological nature of men’s fashion photography, not only in twenty-first-century Russia but also in a more general sense.
This Face, Here, Now: Moving Image Portraiture
Authors: Burstow Stephen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article investigates the qualities of moving image portraiture that also illuminate the wider genre of photographic portraiture. The performance of portrait subjects over time brings attention to the triangulation of demand generated through the interaction of artist, subject, and viewer. Serial and group moving image portraiture engages with the power of global culture industries by imbricating these regimes with individual expression and personal desire. This article considers work by Candice Breitz, Rineke Dijkstra, Feng Feng, and Thomas Struth. This recent portraiture is framed by two reference points: Andy Warhol’s Screen Tests from the mid-1960s and a series of television station identifications that show the faces of viewers, the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) Face IDs. The Screen Tests have been chosen as seminal works that continue to have a significant impact on the genre. The SBS Face IDs, by contrast, have been selected because they operate at the limit of duration and subject presence.
Rapid and Sensitive Determination of 13 Components in a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula of Da-Huang-Gan-Cao Decoction by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qu Jialin , Xiao Nan , Sui Hua , Liang Lina , Chen Jing , Li Weiling , Shang Dong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Da-Huang-Gan-Cao decoction (DHGCD), which is a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used for the treatment of vomiting, constipation, pancreatitis, and cholelithiasis in China and Japan. In this study, a rapid and validated method using HPLC coupled with triple quadrupole MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of 13 components in DHGCD. Separation was performed on an XBridge BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and0.1% formic acid in water. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r &gt; 0.9981) within the test range. LODs and LOQs were in the range of 1.0–20 and 2.6–69 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of the target compounds in 10 batches of DHGCD within a total time of 10 min. This method was conducive for the QC of DHGCD.
Acute cholecystitis or metastatic renal cell carcinoma? A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Finkelstein Leonard H. , Coffman Leland M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is known to metastasize to many different organ systems. Lung and bone are clearly the most common sites of metastasis, but the symptoms at presentation may simulate those of other diseases of the organ system involved. The patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma described here had symptoms of acute cholecystitis.
Forest thinning impacts on the water balance of Sierra Nevada mixed‐conifer headwater basins
Authors: Saksa P. C. , Conklin M. H. , Battles J. J. , Tague C. L. , Bales R. C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHeadwater catchments in the mixed‐conifer zone of the American and Merced River basins were selectively thinned in 2012 to reduce the risk of high‐intensity wildfire. Distributed observations of forest vegetation thinning, precipitation, snowpack storage, soil water storage, energy balance, and stream discharge from 2010 to 2013 were used to calculate the water balance and constrain a hydroecologic model. Using the spatially calibrated RHESSys model, we assessed thinning effects on the water balance. In the central‐Sierra American River headwaters, there was a mean‐annual runoff increase of 14% in response to the observed thinning patterns, which included heterogeneous reductions in leaf area index (–8%), canopy cover (–3%), and shrub cover (–4%). In the southern‐Sierra Merced River headwaters, thinning had little impact on forest structure or runoff, as vegetation growth in areas not thinned offset reductions from thinning. Observed thinning effects on runoff could not be confirmed in either basin by measurements alone, in part because of the high variability in precipitation during the measurement period. Modeling results show that when thinning is intensive enough to change forest structure, low‐magnitude vegetation reductions have greater potential to modify the catchment‐scale water balance in the higher‐precipitation central Sierra Nevada versus in the more water‐limited southern Sierra Nevada. Hydrologic modeling, constrained by detailed, multiyear field measurements, provides a useful tool for analyzing catchment response to forest thinning.
Pore‐scale water dynamics during drying and the impacts of structure and surface wettability
Authors: Cruz Brian C. , Furrer Jessica M. , Guo Yi‐Syuan , Dougherty Daniel , Hinestroza Hector F. , Hernandez Jhoan S. , Gage Daniel J. , Cho Yong Ku , Shor Leslie M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlants and microbes secrete mucilage into soil during dry conditions, which can alter soil structure and increase contact angle. Structured soils exhibit a broad pore size distribution with many small and many large pores, and strong capillary forces in narrow pores can retain moisture in soil aggregates. Meanwhile, contact angle determines the water repellency of soils, which can result in suppressed evaporation rates. Although they are often studied independently, both structure and contact angle influence water movement, distribution, and retention in soils. Here drying experiments were conducted using soil micromodels patterned to emulate different aggregation states of a sandy loam soil. Micromodels were treated to exhibit contact angles representative of those in bulk soil (8.4° ± 1.9°) and the rhizosphere (65° ± 9.2°). Drying was simulated using a lattice Boltzmann single‐component, multiphase model. In our experiments, micromodels with higher contact angle surfaces took 4 times longer to completely dry versus micromodels with lower contact angle surfaces. Microstructure influenced drying rate as a function of saturation and controlled the spatial distribution of moisture within micromodels. Lattice Boltzmann simulations accurately predicted pore‐scale moisture retention patterns within micromodels with different structures and contact angles.