bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the hypoglycemic activity of trans-cinnamic acid isolated from the extract ofhairy rots Scutellaria baicalensisinin vivoexperiments
Authors: Mikhailovna Fedorova Anastasia , Sergeevna Milentyeva Irina , Konstantinovna Asyakina Lyudmila , Yuryevich Prosekov Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AnnotationHypoglycemia is the process of reducing blood glucose concentration to below 2.5–2.8 mmol/L in men and less than 1.9–2.2 mmol/L in women. Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to a range of serious chronic complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases in diabetes, and so forth, threatening human life, health, and safety.Scutellaria baicalensisis one of the most commonly used remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. This plant contains a number of biologically active compounds that contribute to improving kidney function, insulin resistance, and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, but few researchers study the toxic effects of medicinal plant components. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of trans-cinnamic acid isolated from the extract ofhairy rots of Scutellaria baicalensisinin vivoexperiments. This study involved intraperitoneal administration of alloxan at a dose of 150.0 mg/kg and oral administration of trans-cinnamic acid at doses of 50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg. During the experiment, it was found that trans-cinnamic acid at the presented doses does not affect the body weight dynamics of experimental animals with diabetes. Thus, this study demonstrates that trans-cinnamic acid at the presented dosage can be safely used as an ingredient in the creation of dietary supplements for the prevention of diabetes, thereby contributing to healthy aging.
The role of feedback in responding to gradual and abrupt visuo-proprioceptive cue conflict
Authors: Babu R. , Matharu R. , Lo C. , Block H.J 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWhen people observe conflicting visual and proprioceptive cues about their static hand position, visuo-proprioceptive recalibration results. Recalibration also occurs during gradual or abrupt visuomotor adaptation, in response to both the cue conflict and sensory prediction errors experienced as the hand reaches to a target. Here we asked whether creating a cue conflict gradually vs. abruptly, or providing error feedback, affects recalibration in a static hand. We examined participants’ responses to a 70 mm visuo-proprioceptive conflict, imposed by shifting the visual cue forward from the proprioceptive cue (static left hand). Participants pointed with their unseen right hand to indicate perceived bimodal and unimodal cue positions. Conflict was introduced gradually (groups 1 and 2) or abruptly (groups 3 and 4), with performance feedback present (groups 2 and 4) or absent (groups 1 and 3). For abrupt groups, most behavioral change occurred immediately after the conflict began. No-feedback groups (1 and 3) showed comparable magnitudes of overall recalibration, indicating that abrupt and gradual conflicts result in similar recalibration but with different timings. Motor adaptation was evident in the indicator hand with performance feedback (groups 2 and 4). However, performance on a static ruler task suggests proprioceptive recalibration also occurred despite the presence of feedback. Control groups confirmed accurate performance on the pointing task despite the visual cue shift. These findings highlight the distinct timing of recalibration mechanisms for gradual versus abrupt cue conflicts and potential smaller contribution of error mechanisms for a static conflict.New and NoteworthyThe brain may handle spatial conflicts between visual and proprioceptive cues differently for a dynamic hand undergoing visuomotor adaptation than for a static hand. In a static hand, abrupt conflict triggered immediate recalibration without further adjustment, and feedback had little impact on recalibration. This suggests varying roles of multisensory and error mechanisms across motor contexts, underscoring the importance of examining a variety of motor contexts to understand and predict behavior.
Donor HLA class 1 evolutionary divergence and late allograft rejection after liver transplantation in children: An emulated target trial
Authors: Dumortier Jérôme , Hamada Sarah , Wischlen Emma , Mandier Céline , Laverdure Noémie , Boillot Olivier , Kounis Ilias , Allain Vincent , Hervieu Valérie , Collardeau-Frachon Sophie , Dubois Valérie , Feray Cyrille 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHLA evolutionary divergence (HED), a continuous metric quantifying the differences between each amino acid of two homologous HLA alleles, reflects the importance of the immunopeptidome presented to T lymphocytes. It has been associated with rejection after liver transplantation. This retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze the potential effect of donor or recipient HED on liver transplant rejection in a new series of patients transplanted during childhood and followed in adulthood. The study included 120 children who had been transplanted between 1991 and 2010 and were followed by routine biopsies and histological evaluations with a median of 14.1 years post-LT. Liver biopsies were performed routinely 1, 5, 10 and 20 years after transplantation and in the event of liver dysfunction. HED was calculated using the physicochemical Grantham distance for donor and recipient class I (HLA-A, -B, -C) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles. The influence of HED on rejection was analyzed using IPW and target trial emulation using the g method. Based on the IPW score, donor HED class I was correlated with the occurrence of late (>90 days) rejection (HR, 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01-1.40) independently of HLA mismatches, donor age and initial induction. This emulated target trial confirmed that donor HED class I has a causal effect on liver graft rejection and this relationship was observed long-term.
Generative AI and Large Language Models in Reducing Medication Related Harm and Adverse Drug Events – A Scoping Review
Authors: Ling Ong Jasmine Chiat , Michael Chen , Ng Ning , Elangovan Kabilan , Ting Tan Nichole Yue , Jin Liyuan , Xie Qihuang , Wei Ting Daniel Shu , Rodriguez-Monguio Rosa , Bates David W. , Liu Nan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedication-related harm has a significant impact on global healthcare costs and patient outcomes, accounting for deaths in 4.3 per 1000 patients. Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a promising tool in mitigating risks of medication-related harm. In particular, large language models (LLMs) and well-developed generative adversarial networks (GANs) showing promise for healthcare related tasks. This review aims to explore the scope and effectiveness of generative AI in reducing medication-related harm, identifying existing development and challenges in research.MethodsWe searched for peer reviewed articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for literature published from January 2012 to February 2024. We included studies focusing on the development or application of generative AI in mitigating risk for medication-related harm during the entire medication use process. We excluded studies using traditional AI methods only, those unrelated to healthcare settings, or concerning non-prescribed medication uses such as supplements. Extracted variables included study characteristics, AI model specifics and performance, application settings, and any patient outcome evaluated.FindingsA total of 2203 articles were identified, and 14 met the criteria for inclusion into final review. We found that generative AI and large language models were used in a few key applications: drug-drug interaction identification and prediction; clinical decision support and pharmacovigilance. While the performance and utility of these models varied, they generally showed promise in areas like early identification and classification of adverse drug events and support in decision-making for medication management. However, no studies tested these models prospectively, suggesting a need for further investigation into the integration and real-world application of generative AI tools to improve patient safety and healthcare outcomes effectively.InterpretationGenerative AI shows promise in mitigating medication-related harms, but there are gaps in research rigor and ethical considerations. Future research should focus on creation of high-quality, task-specific benchmarking datasets for medication safety and real-world implementation outcomes.
Primary Care Physicians’ Practices and Barriers in Evaluating and Managing Chronic Kidney Disease in New Providence, The Bahamas
Authors: Bain W , Pinder-Butler S , Fountain T , Grant I 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the practices and barriers in evaluating and managing chronic kidney disease among primary care physicians in New Providence, The Bahamas.MethodsA cross-sectional study utilizing an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was given to General Practitioners, Family Medicine, and Internal Medicine physicians after using a simple random sampling approach. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software.ResultsThere were 119 physicians in this study with Family Medicine specialty area representing 52.1%. Seventy-four (74) physicians reported following CKD guidelines. The most common at-risk groups identified were Diabetes Mellitus (100%), Hypertension (98.3%), and use of nephrotoxic agents (97.5%). The most common diagnostic test used to identify CKD was eGFR (97.5%) and 72.2% of physicians used eGFR alone to stage CKD. Physicians overall agreed (40.3 – 50.4%) they were comfortable in diagnosing and managing CKD and its complications except for bone disorders (43.2%) and metabolic acidosis (34.7%) where responses were neutral. Physicians were neutral in having tools/resources to help them manage bone disorders (35.3%) and metabolic acidosis (31.9%) and disagreed to having educational tools for patients to understand bone disorders (32.2%) and metabolic acidosis (32.8%). Physicians agreed-strongly agreed with 12 of 13 perceived barriers, and there were 26 unique barriers expressed (8 patient-level, 7 provider-level, 11 systems-level).ConclusionsDeficits in the evaluation and management of CKD, and numerous barriers to CKD care were discovered. Recommendations include the development of a national CKD guideline, local CKD continuous medical education seminars, and public health campaigns on CKD education.
Transdiagnostic Symptom Domains are Associated with Head Motion During Multimodal Imaging in Children
Authors: Hercules Kavari , Liu Zhiyuan , Wei Jia , Venegas Gladys , Ciocca Olivia , Dyer Alice , Lee Goeun , Santini-Bishop Sasha , Shappell Heather , Gee Dylan G. , Sukhodolsky Denis G. , Ibrahim Karim 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHead motion is a challenge for neuroimaging research in developmental populations. However, it is unclear how transdiagnostic symptom domains including attention, disruptive behavior (e.g., externalizing behavior), and internalizing problems are linked to scanner motion in children, particularly across structural and functional MRI. The current study examined whether transdiagnostic domains of attention, disruptive behavior, and internalizing symptoms are associated with scanner motion in children during multimodal imaging.MethodsIn a sample of 9,045 children aged 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, logistic regression and linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between motion and behavior. Motion was indexed using ABCD Study quality control metrics and mean framewise displacement for the following: T1-weighted structural, resting-state fMRI, diffusion MRI, Stop-Signal Task, Monetary Incentive Delay task, and Emotional n-Back task. The Child Behavior Checklist was used as a continuous measure of symptom severity.ResultsGreater attention and disruptive behavior problem severity was associated with a lower likelihood of passing motion quality control across several imaging modalities. In contrast, increased internalizing severity was associated with a higher likelihood of passing motion quality control. Increased attention and disruptive behavior problem severity was also associated with increased mean motion, whereas increased internalizing problem severity was associated with decreased mean motion.ConclusionTransdiagnostic domains emerged as predictors of motion in youths. These findings have implications for advancing development of generalizable and robust brain-based biomarkers, computational approaches for mitigating motion effects, and enhancing accessibility of imaging protocols for children with varying symptom severities.
Contribution of amygdala to dynamic model arbitration under uncertainty
Authors: Woo Jae Hyung , Costa Vincent D. , Taswell Craig A. , Rothenhoefer Kathryn M. , Averbeck Bruno B. , Soltani Alireza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntrinsic uncertainty in the reward environment requires the brain to run multiple models simultaneously to predict outcomes based on preceding cues or actions, commonly referred to as stimulus- and action-based learning. Ultimately, the brain also must adopt appropriate choice behavior using reliability of these models. Here, we combined multiple experimental and computational approaches to quantify concurrent learning in monkeys performing tasks with different levels of uncertainty about the model of the environment. By comparing behavior in control monkeys and monkeys with bilateral lesions to the amygdala or ventral striatum, we found evidence for dynamic, competitive interaction between stimulus-based and action-based learning, and for a distinct role of the amygdala. Specifically, we demonstrate that the amygdala adjusts the initial balance between the two learning systems, thereby altering the interaction between arbitration and learning that shapes the time course of both learning and choice behaviors. This novel role of the amygdala can account for existing contradictory observations and provides testable predictions for future studies into circuit-level mechanisms of flexible learning and choice under uncertainty.
Dynamical Modulation of Hippocampal Replay Sequences through Firing Rate Adaptation
Authors: Ji Zilong , Chu Tianhao , Dong Xingsi , Yu Changmin , Bush Daniel , Burgess Neil , Wu Si 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring periods of immobility and sleep, the hippocampus generates diverse self-sustaining sequences of “replay” activity, exhibiting stationary, diffusive, and super-diffusive dynamical patterns. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this diversity in hippocampal sequential dynamics remain largely unknown. Here, we propose such a mechanism demonstrating that modulation of firing rate adaptation in a continuous attractor model of place cells causes the emergence of different types of replay. Our model makes several key predictions. First, more diffusive replay sequences positively correlate with longer theta sequences across animals (both reflecting stronger adaptation). Second, replay diffusivity varies within an animal across behavioural states that affect adaptation (such as wake and sleep). Third, increases in neural excitability, incorporated with firing rate adaptation, reduce the step size of decoded movements within individual replay sequences. We provide new experimental evidence for all three predictions. These insights suggested that the diverse replay dynamics observed in the hippocampus can be reconciled through a simple yet effective neural mechanism, shedding light on its role in hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions and its relationship to other aspects of hippocampal electrophysiology.
Genomic Reconstruction and Dietary Response Assessment of ThreeAcutalibacteraceaeBacteria Isolated from Fecal Samples of Singapore Subjects
Authors: Park Mi Ae , Almunawar Sharifah Nora Ahmad , Lim Rachel Rui Xia , Haldar Sumanto , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Moskvin Oleg Vladimirovich 
Published: September 2024

1.AbstractClostridium leptum, a key player in gut butyrate production, has a profound impact on various facets of intestinal health. A recent clinical trial highlighted a significant increase in the relative abundance of this species in response to dietary interventions using beneficial oils. We isolated microbial strains corresponding to“Clostridium leptum”(at the 16S rRNA gene similarity level) and sequenced their genomes. All three genomes were successfully reconstructed, maintaining the chromosome as a single contig. Subsequent genome-wide analysis unveiled the phylogenetic diversity of the isolates, including the discovery of a new species -Gallacutalibacter singaporense. Based on the reconstructed metabolic model, we predicted growth condition patterns of this new species and confirmed the predictionsin vitro. Leveraging the assembled genomes, we dissected the components of the strong dietary intervention response signal previously ascribed to“C.leptum”and revealed distinct individual dynamics of all three bacteria in the clinical trial context. The transitional behavior of the novel species, in particular, revealed intriguing patterns, blazing the path to uncovering previously unrecognized interactions along the diet - gut microbiome - human health axis.
Neuroinflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System Associated with Monkeypox Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Call to Action
Authors: Deb Shramana , Mondal Ritwick , Sen Purbita , Chowdhury Dipanjan , Sarkar Shramana , Banerjee Granthik , Sarkar Vramanti , Chowdhury Anjan , Benito-León Julián 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic pathogen of the Orthopoxvirus genus, has shown a marked global spread, resulting in cases of neuroinflammatory disorders. This systematic review aims to summarize the central nervous system manifestations linked to monkeypox virus infection.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to September 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on monkeypox virus-positive patients with confirmed central nervous system inflammatory disorders, including encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, and related neuroimmune diseases.ResultsFrom 770 screened articles, 38 studies were included. Of the 20 reported monkeypox virus-infected cases with central nervous system involvement, the most common manifestations were encephalitis (40%), encephalomyelitis (30%), and meningoencephalitis (10%). Additional rarer presentations included Guillain-Barré syndrome (5%) and transverse myelitis (5%). The mean age of affected individuals was 27.9±13.69 years, and 75% were male. Fever, fatigue, and myalgia were the predominant systemic symptoms, with neurological complications often appearing within 4.6±2.5 days post-infection. Diagnoses were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Treatment strategies varied, with antivirals (e.g., tecovirimat) and immunomodulatory therapies (e.g., methylprednisolone, immunoglobulins, and rituximab) utilized.ConclusionsMonkeypox virus infection is associated with severe neuroinflammatory disorders, with varying outcomes from complete recovery to mortality. Increased awareness, comprehensive diagnostic approaches, and targeted therapeutic interventions are critical in managing these cases. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of neuroinflammation in the monkeypox virus and establish standardized treatment protocols.
Biomimetic Virus-Like Particles to control cell functions
Authors: Maayouf Hasna , Santos Thomas Dos , Boché Alphonse , Hedna Rayane , Tārs Kaspars , Brigaud Isabelle , Petithory Tatiana , Carreiras Franck , Arnold Carole , Lambert Ambroise , Pieuchot Laurent 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiomimetic cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for optimizing cell microenvironments and biomaterials. While native ECM proteins or synthetic peptides offer potential solutions, challenges such as production cost, solubility, and conformational stability limit their use. Here, we present the development of virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from the AP205 RNA phage displaying peptides from key ECM proteins and evaluate their biological activity in a variety of assays. We show that our engineered VLPs can effectively stimulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. By comparing focal adhesions formed by RGD VLPs with their parent protein, fibronectin, we elucidate both similarities and differences in cell interactions. In addition, we construct heterodimeric particles co-expressing RGD with differentiation peptides and demonstrate retention of bioactivity in a multi-peptide context. This study establishes AP205 VLPs as versatile nanoscale platforms capable of tuning cell functions, with promising applications in nanomedicine and biomaterials.Graphical abstract
Modality specific memory enhancement inHeliconiusbutterflies
Authors: Hodge Elizabeth , Anton Amaia Alcalde , Bestea Louise , Hernández Greta , Aguilar Jane Margereth , Farnworth Max S. , Dell’Aglio Denise Dalbasco , McMillan W. Owen , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow animals perceive, process and respond to environmental cues is tightly tuned to the species-specific demands, and reflected by the structure of neural systems. In the Neotropical butterflies,Heliconius, the mushroom bodies, insect learning and memory centres, are significantly expanded compared to their closest relatives. This expansion coincided with the evolution of a novel diet, pollen feeding, and a spatial foraging behaviour consistent with trap-lining. Previous research has shown thatHeliconiushave more accurate visual long-term memory than other Heliconiini. Here, we tested whether this enhanced memory stability is specific to visual cues by conducting a long-term olfactory memory assay in twoHeliconiusspecies and two outgroup species. We found no differences in the long-term olfactory memory betweenHeliconiusspecies and the outgroup species. Combining data from olfactory and visual memory trials confirms a significant shift in performance among sensory modalities betweenHeliconiusand outgroup genera. In contrast, tests of how Heliconiini prioritise olfactory and visual cues when in presented in conflict also show no consistent shift in attentiveness to sensory cues between species. Our data provide a rare case where memory performance has been compared across species and sensory modalities, to identify evidence of a modality specific shift.