bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proposal for Research Framework Based on The Theoretical Analysis and Practical Application of MLQ Questionnaire
Authors: Jelača Maja Strugar , Bjekić Radmila , Leković Bojan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Leadership is a topic that attracts the attention of a large number of scientists and researchers who in their papers examine the issues of effective leadership. During previous research in this area different methodologies were used, but in recent decades one of the most prominent is MLQ questionnaire (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ), which examines three styles of leadership: transformational, transactional and passive leadership. The paper analyses the predominating attitudes in this area, theoretical explanation of MLQ questionnaire components and empirical results of previous applications. Founded on the obtained theoretical basis, the paper suggests future research framework in order to examine implementation of certain leadership styles from the MLQ questionnaire depending on the business environment which can vary from stable to uncertain, as well as their relationship with the achieved level of firm innovativeness. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define research framework that will be applied in a future research on an adequate sample of medium and large companies on the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
Magma evolution inside the 1631 Vesuvius magma chamber and eruption triggering
Authors: Stoppa Francesco , Principe Claudia , Schiazza Mariangela , Liu Yu , Giosa Paola , Crocetti Sergio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVesuvius is a high-risk volcano and the 1631 Plinian eruption is a reference event for the next episode of explosive unrest. A complete stratigraphic and petrographic description of 1631 pyroclastics is given in this study. During the 1631 eruption a phonolite was firstly erupted followed by a tephritic phonolite and finally a phonolitic tephrite, indicating a layered magma chamber. We suggest that phonolitic basanite is a good candidate to be the primitive parental-melt of the 1631 eruption. Composition of apatite from the 1631 pyroclastics is different from those of CO
Creating extended antimicrobial property in paper by means of Ag and nanohybrids of montmorillonite (MMT)
Authors: Afra Elyas , Narchin Parvaneh 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Silver-clay nanohybrids based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with montmorillonit (MMT) and milled MMT, shortly AgMMTnano and AgMMTmilled, have been prepared to improve the performance of antibacterial properties of paper. The results obtained by dynamic light scattering indicated the presence of silver particles in the nanometer range, which have a great accumulation tendency. The results of AAS and ICP-AES tests showed that nanosilver amount in the AgMMTmilled was doubled compared to the AgMMTnano, but according to the EDX results, the amount of nanosilver in paper treated with the former was less than in the latter. FE-SEM images showed that the dimensions of deposited nanosilver on the surface of clay were smaller than in case of AgNPs alone. Papers treated with nanohybrids had better antibacterial properties compared to that prepared by naked nanosilver. It was also found that the antibacterial property of papers treated with AgMMTnano were more stable during three-stage tests compared to those with AgMMTmilled. Nanohybrids with Ag conc. more than 15 ppm, especially hybrids with Ag conc. of 50 ppm, result in a significant improvement in antibacterial properties of paper. It can be concluded that silver-clay nanohybrid with a 25-ppm concentration of nanosilver could be the best and most economic antibacterial component.
Core Muscle Activation in Suspension Training Exercises
Authors: Cugliari Giovanni , Boccia Gennaro 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A quantitative observational laboratory study was conducted to
characterize and classify core training exercises executed in a
suspension modality on the base of muscle activation. In a
prospective single-group repeated measures design, seventeen active
male participants performed four suspension exercises typically
associated with core training (roll-out, bodysaw, pike and
knee-tuck). Surface electromyographic signals were recorded from
lower and upper parts of rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal
oblique, lower and upper parts of erector spinae muscles using
concentric bipolar electrodes. The average rectified values of
electromyographic signals were normalized with respect to individual
maximum voluntary isometric contraction of each muscle. Roll-out
exercise showed the highest activation of rectus abdominis and
oblique muscles compared to the other exercises. The rectus abdominis
and external oblique reached an activation higher than 60% of the
maximal voluntary contraction (or very close to that threshold, 55%)
in roll-out and bodysaw exercises. Findings from this study allow the
selection of suspension core training exercises on the basis of
quantitative information about the activation of muscles of interest.
Roll-out and bodysaw exercises can be considered as suitable for
strength training of rectus abdominis and external oblique
muscles.
Physiological Acute Response to High-Intensity Intermittent and Moderate-Intensity Continuous 5 km Running Performance: Implications for Training Prescription
Authors: Cabral-Santos Carolina , Gerosa-Neto José , Inoue Daniela S. , Rossi Fabrício E. , Cholewa Jason M. , Campos Eduardo Z. , Panissa Valéria L. G. , Lira Fábio S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses to moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent exercise. Twelve physically active male subjects were recruited and completed a 5-km run on a treadmill in two experimental sessions in randomized order: continuously (70% sVO2max) and intermittently (1:1 min at sVO2max). Oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, lactate concentration, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion data were recorded during and after each session. The lactate levels exhibited higher values immediately post-exercise than at rest (High-Intensity: 1.43 ± 0.25 to 7.36 ± 2.78; Moderate-Intensity: 1.64 ± 1.01 to 4.05 ± 1.52 mmol⋅L−1, p = 0.0004), but High-Intensity promoted higher values (p = 0.001) than Moderate-Intensity. There was a difference across time on oxygen uptake at all moments tested in both groups (High-Intensity: 100.19 ± 8.15L; Moderate-Intensity: 88.35 ± 11.46, p < 0.001). Both exercise conditions promoted increases in excess postexercise oxygen consumption (High-Intensity: 6.61 ± 1.85 L; Moderate-Intensity: 5.32 ± 2.39 L, p < 0.005), but higher values were observed in the High-Intensity exercise protocol. High-Intensity was more effective at modifying the heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (High-Intensity: 183 ± 12.54 and 19; Moderate-Intensity: 172 ± 8.5 and 16, respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, over the same distance, Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity exercise exhibited different lactate concentrations, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. As expected, the metabolic contribution also differed, and High-Intensity induced higher energy expenditure, however, the total duration of the session may have to be taken into account. Moreover, when following moderate-intensity training, the percentage of sVO2max and the anaerobic threshold might influence exercise and training responses.
IL-6, Antioxidant Capacity and Muscle Damage Markers Following High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols
Authors: Cipryan Lukas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes of interleukin-6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and muscle damage markers (creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) in response to three different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols of identical external work. Twelve moderately-trained males participated in the three HIIT trials which consisted of a warm-up, followed by 12 min of 15 s, 30 s or 60 s HIIT sequences with the work/rest ratio 1. The biochemical markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and muscle damage were analysed POST, 3 h and 24 h after the exercise. All HIIT protocols caused an immediate increase in IL-6, TAC, CK, myoglobin and LDH. The most pronounced between-trials differences were found for the POST-exercise changes in IL-6 (Effect size ± 90% confidence interval: 1.51 ± 0.63, 0.84 ± 0.34 and 1.80 ± 0.60 for the 15s/15s, 30s/30s and 60s/60s protocol, respectively) and myoglobin (1.11 ± 0.29, 0.45 ± 0.48 and 1.09 ± 0.22 for the 15s/15s, 30s/30s and 60s/60s protocol, respectively). There were no substantial between-trial differences in other biochemical variables. In conclusion, the 15s/15s and 60s/60s protocols might be preferred to the 30s/30s protocols in order to maximize the training stimulus.
The Effect of Acute and Chronic Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia on Loaded Squat Jump Performance
Authors: García-Ramos Amador , Padial Paulino , De la Fuente Blanca , Argüelles-Cienfuegos Javier , Bonitch-Góngora Juan , Feriche Belén 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The present study aimed (1) to compare loaded squat jump performance after an acute and chronic exposure to a moderate natural altitude between normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia conditions, and (2) to analyze the effect of an altitude training camp on loaded jump squat development. Sixteen male swimmers (17.1 ± 0.8 years) took part in a 17-day training camp at a natural moderate altitude. They were randomly tested in counterbalanced order on days 1 and 3 in normoxia and hypoxia (pretest) and on days 15 and 17 again in normoxia and hypoxia (posttest). The peak velocity reached with loads equivalent to 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of swimmers’ pretest body weight in the loaded squat jump exercise was the dependent variable analyzed. An overall increase in peak velocity during the test performed in hypoxia of 6.5% in pretest (p < 0.001, ES = 0.98) and 4.5% in posttest (p < 0.001, ES = 0.81) was observed. An overall increment in peak velocity of 4.0% considering the data for normoxia tests (p < 0.001, ES = 0.61) and 2.1% considering the data for hypoxia tests (p = 0.008, ES = 0.36) was achieved after the altitude training camp. These results highlight the beneficial effects of hypobaric hypoxia on jump performance after short and longer term exposure to a natural moderate altitude. The increase in loaded squat jump performance following the 17-day training camp suggests that altitude training could constitute a favorable stimulus in explosive strength.
Effects of the off-Season Period on Field and Assistant Soccer Referees `Physical Performance
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Cámara Jesús , Castagna Carlo , Yanci Javier 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The evolution of referees’ physical fitness has been studied over one or several seasons, however, the variation of the physical performance between the end of the competitive season (T1) and the start of the following pre-season (T2) has not been ascertained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the transition period on physical performance variables (i.e. linear straight sprint, change of direction ability and endurance) in National Soccer Division referees. Forty-five Spanish referees volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were classified according to competitive status, field referees (FR, n = 23) and assistant referees (AR, n = 22). A loss of performance (p < 0.05) was observed in the 20 and 30 m linear straight sprint between T1 and T2 in both FR (1.64-1.56%, d = 0.29 to 0.32) and AR (2.01-3.41%, d = 0.33 to 0.60). In T2 the FR significantly improved the distance covered (p < 0.05, 13.11%, d = 0.39) in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test (YYIR1). Besides, significant differences were observed between FR and AR in the distance covered (p < 0.05, −23.55%, d = −0.97) in the YYIR1 test in T2. More research may be necessary to focus on the off-season period in order to implement specific training programs and consequently reduce the loss of sprint ability in field and assistant referees and the decrease in cardiovascular fitness in assistant referees.
Can Different Complex Training Improve the Individual Phenomenon of Post-Activation Potentiation?
Authors: Chen Zong-Rong , Lo Shin-Liang , Wang Min-Hsien , Yu Ching-Fang , Peng Hsien-Te 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aims of the present study were (a) to determine whether the two types of complex training and vibration complex training would improve the individual phenomenon of post-activation potentiation (PAP) for every athlete in a team setting; and (b) to compare the acute effect of resistance and plyometric exercise, whole body vibration, complex training and vibration complex training on vertical jump performance. The participants were ten male division I college volleyball and basketball players. They were asked to perform three vertical jumps as a pre-test and were then randomly assigned to one of five PAP protocols, resistance exercise using half squat exercise, plyometric exercise using drop jumps with individualized drop height, whole body vibration using squats on a vibration plate, complex training combining resistance exercise with plyometric exercise, vibration complex training combining whole body vibration with plyometric exercise. Three vertical jumps were performed four minutes after the PAP protocol as a post-test. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the differences among the five PAP protocols and between the two testing times. Our results showed that the post-test results were significantly improved compared to the pre-test for the vertical jump height (p = .015) in all PAP protocols. There was, however, an individual phenomenon of PAP in the response to all PAP protocols. In conclusion, this study found that resistance and plyometric exercise, whole body vibration, complex training and vibration complex training induce similar group PAP benefits. However, some athletes decreased their performances in some of the exercises in the study. Therefore, it is not recommended for coaches to arrange the exercises in a team setting.
Frequent Immediate Knowledge of Results Enhances the Increase of Throwing Velocity in Overarm Handball Performance
Authors: Štirn Igor , Carruthers Jamie , Šibila Marko , Pori Primož 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In the present study, the effect of frequent, immediate, augmented feedback on the increase of throwing velocity was investigated. An increase of throwing velocity of a handball set shot when knowledge of results was provided or not provided during training was compared. Fifty female and seventy-three male physical education students were assigned randomly to the experimental or control group. All participants performed two series of ten set shots with maximal effort twice a week for six weeks. The experimental group received information regarding throwing velocity measured by a radar gun immediately after every shot, whereas the control group did not receive any feedback. Measurements of maximal throwing velocity of an ordinary handball and a heavy ball were performed, before and after the training period and compared. Participants who received feedback on results attained almost a four times greater relative increase of the velocity of the normal ball (size 2) as compared to the same intervention when feedback was not provided (8.1 ± 3.6 vs. 2.7 ± 2.9%). The velocity increases were smaller, but still significant between the groups for throws using the heavy ball (5.1 ± 4.2 and 2.5 ± 5.8 for the experimental and control group, respectively). Apart from the experimental group throwing the normal ball, no differences in velocity change for gender were obtained. The results confirmed that training oriented towards an increase in throwing velocity became significantly more effective when frequent knowledge of results was provided.
Transfer of dysbiotic gut microbiota has beneficial effects on host liver metabolism
Authors: Nicolas Simon , Blasco‐Baque Vincent , Fournel Audren , Gilleron Jerome , Klopp Pascale , Waget Aurelie , Ceppo Franck , Marlin Alysson , Padmanabhan Roshan , Iacovoni Jason S , Tercé François , Cani Patrice D , Tanti Jean‐François , Burcelin Remy , Knauf Claude , Cormont Mireille , Serino Matteo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in a variety of systemic disorders, notably metabolic diseases including obesity and impaired liver function, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. To investigate this question, we transferred caecal microbiota from either obese or lean mice to antibiotic‐free, conventional wild‐type mice. We found that transferring obese‐mouse gut microbiota to mice on normal chow (NC) acutely reduces markers of hepatic gluconeogenesis with decreased hepatic PEPCK activity, compared to non‐inoculated mice, a phenotypic trait blunted in conventional NOD2 KO mice. Furthermore, transferring of obese‐mouse microbiota changes both the gut microbiota and the microbiome of recipient mice. We also found that transferring obese gut microbiota to NC‐fed mice then fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD) acutely impacts hepatic metabolism and prevents HFD‐increased hepatic gluconeogenesis compared to non‐inoculated mice. Moreover, the recipient mice exhibit reduced hepatic PEPCK and G6Pase activity, fed glycaemia and adiposity. Conversely, transfer of lean‐mouse microbiota does not affect markers of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Our findings provide a new perspective on gut microbiota dysbiosis, potentially useful to better understand the aetiology of metabolic diseases.
Children’s Physical Activity and Depression: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Korczak Daphne J. , Madigan Sheri , Colasanto Marlena 
Published: March 2017

CONTEXT:
Research regarding the protective effects of early physical activity on depression has yielded conflicting results.

OBJECTIVE:
Our objective was to synthesize observational studies examining the association of physical activity in childhood and adolescence with depression.

DATA SOURCES:
Studies (from 2005 to 2015) were identified by using a comprehensive search strategy.

STUDY SELECTION:
The included studies measured physical activity in childhood or adolescence and examined its association with depression.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data were extracted by 2 independent coders. Estimates were examined by using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
Fifty independent samples (89 894 participants) were included, and the mean effect size was significant (r = –0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.19 to –0.10). Moderator analyses revealed stronger effect sizes in studies with cross-sectional versus longitudinal designs (k = 36, r = –0.17; 95% CI = –0.23 to –0.10 vs k = 14, r = –0.07; 95% CI = –0.10 to –0.04); using depression self-report versus interview (k = 46, r = –0.15; 95% CI = –0.20 to –0.10 vs k = 4, r = –0.05; 95% CI = –0.09 to –0.01); using validated versus nonvalidated physical activity measures (k = 29, r = –0.18; 95% CI = –0.26 to –0.09 vs k = 21, r = –0.08; 95% CI = –0.11 to –0.05); and using measures of frequency and intensity of physical activity versus intensity alone (k = 27, r = –0.17; 95% CI = –0.25 to –0.09 vs k = 7, r = –0.05; 95% CI = –0.09 to –0.01).

LIMITATIONS:
Limitations included a lack of standardized measures of physical activity; use of self-report of depression in majority of studies; and a small number of longitudinal studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Physical activity is associated with decreased concurrent depressive symptoms; the association with future depressive symptoms is weak.
Obesity: The role of desynchronosis and genetic factors in mechanisms of its development
Authors: Ryznychuk M. O. , Pishak V. P. 
Published: March 2017

The article highlights the role of desynchronosis and certain genetic factors in the development of obesity. Some pathogenetic links of obesity and the influence of melatonin on them are analyzed.Desynchronosis is one of the causes of obesity as a result of dysregulatory changes in the chronoperiodic system – between suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and secretory activity of the pineal gland.In obesity there are some changes in circadian patterns of important physiological parameters. These include acrophases of blood pressure; rhythm of hormone secretion, including insulin; electrolytes; sleep-wake cycle displaced for a period of a day, which is a deviation from the normal course. Phase discrepancies of established circadian oscillations of physiological processes arise. Preconditions of fat metabolism imbalance, particularly visfatin, apelin and vaspin – components of atherosclerotic lesions, gradually emerge.There is abundant evidence for close relationships between metabolism and circadian mechanisms. It is proved, that there is a strong direct impact of endogenous circadian rhythms on the metabolic pathways that do not depend on food intake or sleep. A potential low molecular weight of biomarkers of human circadian phases has been identified. A number of key metabolic enzymes in tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue or the pancreas are chronodependent. Desynchronosis phenomena caused by genetic or environmental factors can lead to serious metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.Genesis of pineal removal-induced insulin resistance and reduced glucose tolerance in cells is related to the consequences of melatonin absence, which leads to abnormalities in insulin signaling pathways and reduced GLUT4 gene expression and protein content.Insulin-sensitive tissues (white and brown adipose tissue, skeletal and heart muscles) after pineal removal are characterized by a significant reduction of GLUT4 mRNA and the content of microsomal and membrane proteins, which are compensated during treatment by melatonin. Functional synergy exists between melatonin and insulin. Melatonin is able through the membrane receptors MT1 to cause rapid tyrosine phosphorylation, activate tyrosine kinase of beta subunits of insulin receptors and mobilize several intracellular stages of insulin-signaling pathway transduction.Thus, the protective effect of melatonin in cases of disturbance to the carbohydrate metabolism is manifested in the formation of circadian periodicity by modulating the expression of time genes.