bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialist and generalist amphibians respond to wetland restoration treatments
Authors: Klaus Joyce Marie , Noss Reed F. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAvailable habitat within a landscape is often more limited for specialist species than for generalists. Therefore, specialists are potentially more vulnerable to extinction. The goal of our study was to better understand the ephemeral wetland habitat associations of specialist and generalist amphibians within a longleaf pine landscape in the southeastern United States. We also sought to determine specialist (e.g., oak toad [Anaxyrus quercicus], Maybee's salamander [Ambystoma maybeei], pine woods treefrog [Hyla femoralis], carpenter frog [Lithobates virgatipes]) and generalist (e.g., spotted salamander [Ambystoma maculatum], Cope's gray treefrog [Hyla chrysoscelis], southern leopard frog [Lithobates sphenocephalus]) species’ responses to specific habitat restoration treatments. From 2005–2010, we examined the relationship between aquatic specialist and generalist amphibian species occupancy and wetland vegetation structure. We measured vegetation and amphibian responses to prescribed fire and vegetation mulching (a fire surrogate), plus a combination of mulching and burning. Untreated controls were wetlands that had not burned for 4–15 years. We combined data from this study and a previous study to elucidate patterns in amphibian assemblages in relation to fire history. Specialist relative species richness was highest when canopy openness was high and leaf litter depth was low, conditions best achieved by mulching plus burning. Some specialist species were not detected in wetlands with >8 years since fire, and some generalist species were not detected in wetlands with <2 years since fire, indicating that as vegetation structure changes with time since fire, there is a corresponding shift in the amphibian assemblage. Important patterns in species distributions can be overlooked if relationships to environment and responses to habitat change are too generalized and do not account for shifts in community composition. For conservation of longleaf pine specialist species, we recommend that uplands continue to be prescribed‐burned on a 1–3‐year return interval. Burning should occur during the early growing season when possible to maximize the probability that wetland basins burn. In cases where species of high conservation value are at imminent risk of extinction, we recommend a combination of mulching and burning to most quickly restore suitable habitat structure. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Habitat selection by female moose in the Canadian prairie ecozone
Authors: Laforge Michel P. , Michel Nicole L. , Wheeler Amy L. , Brook Ryan K. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe combined effects of global climate change and shifting patterns in land use have resulted in range shifts for many wildlife species, as favorable conditions have been created for species entering novel environments. Moose (Alces alces) are a forest specialist species but have recently expanded southward from their traditional range in the boreal and aspen parkland forests into the agriculture‐dominated landscape of the Prairie Pothole Region in western Canada. We quantified habitat selection patterns for moose in an agriculture‐dominated landscape in south‐central Saskatchewan, Canada. We fitted 15 adult female moose with global positioning system collars and generated resource selection functions for summer (Jul–Sep) and winter (Dec–Feb). Our goal was to describe seasonal habitat selection patterns for moose using farmland. We buffered used and available locations by 100 m and quantified land cover types within buffers. To account for nonlinear habitat selection, we generated models with quadratic (squared) land cover terms. We found strong selection by moose for wetland and forest land cover types, a nonlinear selection of cereals with highest selection occurring at an intermediate percentage of cereals, and an avoidance of pulses (peas, beans, and lentils) in both seasons. Oilseeds were weakly selected in summer and weakly avoided in winter. Developed areas were avoided in both seasons. Our results suggest that moose select woody and tree‐ringed wetlands for foraging and lay down in the wetlands or use the associated shade as thermoregulatory cover. The selection of these wetlands suggests a possible explanation for the successful expansion of moose into the Prairie Pothole Region. Consumption of crops by native ungulates is a cause for concern for local agricultural producers, with damage by moose increasing in south‐central Saskatchewan. Our results have important management implications for managing human–wildlife conflict with wild ungulates in a novel ecosystem, with fenced exclosures around wetlands offering a potential solution to areas faced with extensive moose crop damage. The strong selection of wetland and forest land cover types emphasizes the importance of conservation efforts for the remaining wetlands and riparian buffers in the agriculture‐dominated Prairie Pothole Region. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of granular materials under proportional strain path: a DEM study
Authors: Zhou W. , Liu J. , Ma G. , Yuan W. , Chang X. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryUnder the proportional strain loading path, particle assemblies may exhibit various failure modes. Besides the strain localization, the diffuse failure may also occur under certain conditions. The diffuse failure mode corresponds to a homogeneous occurrence of failure with stress states strictly included within the plastic limit condition. This paper emphasizes the influences of the density degree and the rolling resistance under the strain path. A contact model considering rolling friction is adopted in a discrete element method analysis as an approximate means to account for the effects of particle shape. Mechanical responses indicate that loose assemblies without the rolling resistance are more vulnerable to static liquefaction. A sample with a smaller initial void ratio or larger rolling friction coefficient will reinforce the stability of the structure and reduce the likelihood of failure. For microscopic properties, the evolution of coordination numbers, contact forces, force chains and the anisotropies of the assemblies are explored and discussed. Rotational resistance helps increase the shear stress of the granular material, and the microscopic parameters indicate that the assembly has a strong anisotropy and a stable structure to resist the increasing loading.
Recycling of lipid-extracted hydrolysate as nitrogen supplementation for production of thraustochytrid biomass
Authors: Lowrey Joshua , Armenta Roberto E , Brooks Marianne S 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Efficient resource usage is important for cost-effective microalgae production, where the incorporation of waste streams and recycled water into the process has great potential. This study builds upon emerging research on nutrient recycling in thraustochytrid production, where waste streams are recovered after lipid extraction and recycled into future cultures. This research investigates the nitrogen flux of recycled hydrolysate derived from enzymatic lipid extraction of thraustochytrid biomass. Results indicated the proteinaceous content of the recycled hydrolysate can offset the need to supply fresh nitrogen in a secondary culture, without detrimental impact upon the produced biomass. The treatment employing the recycled hydrolysate with no nitrogen addition accumulated 14.86 g L−1 of biomass in 141 h with 43.3 % (w/w) lipid content compared to the control which had 9.26 g L−1 and 46.9 % (w/w), respectively. This improved nutrient efficiency and wastewater recovery represents considerable potential for enhanced resource efficiency of commercial thraustochytrid production.
Modeling problem behaviors in a nationally representative sample of adolescents
Authors: O'Connor Kate L. , Dolphin Louise , Fitzgerald Amanda , Dooley Barbara 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTResearch on multiple problem behaviors has focused on the concept of Problem Behavior Syndrome (PBS). Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) is a complex and comprehensive social‐psychological framework designed to explain the development of a range of problem behaviors. This study examines the structure of PBS and the applicability of PBT in adolescents. Participants were 6062 adolescents; aged 12–19 (51.3% female) who took part in the My World Survey‐Second Level (MWS‐SL). Regarding PBS, Confirmatory Factor Analysis established that problem behaviors, such as alcohol and drug use loaded significantly onto a single, latent construct for males and females. Using Structural Equation Modeling, the PBT framework was found to be a good fit for males and females. Socio‐demographic, perceived environment system and personality accounted for over 40% of the variance in problem behaviors for males and females. Our findings have important implications for understanding how differences in engaging in problem behaviors vary by gender.
Population genetics of self-incompatibility in a clade of relict cliff-dwelling plant species
Authors: Silva Jose L. , Brennan Adrian C. , Mejías José A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The mating systems of species in small or fragmented populations impact upon their persistence. Small self-incompatible (SI) populations risk losing S allele diversity, responsible for the SI response, by drift thereby limiting mate availability and leading to population decline or SI system breakdown. But populations of relict and/or endemic species have resisted these demographic conditions over long periods suggesting their mating systems have adapted. To address a lack of empirical data on this topic, we studied the SI systems of three relict cliff-dwelling species of Sonchus section Pustulati (Asteraceae): S. masguindalii , S. fragilis and S. pustulatus in the western Mediterranean region. We performed controlled pollinations within and between individuals to measure index of SI (ISI) expression and identify S alleles in multiple population samples. Sonchus masguindalii and S. pustulatus showed strong SI (ISI = 0.6–1.0) compared to S. fragilis (ISI = 0.1–0.7). Just five S alleles were estimated for Spanish S. pustulatus and a moderate 11-15 S alleles for Moroccan S. pustulatus and S. fragilis , respectively. The fact that autonomous fruit set was generally improved by active self-pollination in self-compatible S. fragilis suggests that individuals with weak SI can show a wide range of outcrossing levels dependent on the degree of self or outcross pollen that pollinators bear. We conclude that frequent S allele dominance interactions that mask the incompatibility interactions of recessive S alleles leading to higher mate availability and partial breakdown of SI leading to mixed mating, both contribute to reproductive resilience in this group.
Concomitant Caffeine Increases Binge Consumption of Ethanol in Adolescent and Adult Mice, But Produces Additive Motor Stimulation Only in Adolescent Animals
Authors: Fritz Brandon M. , Quoilin Caroline , Kasten Chelsea R. , Smoker Michael , Boehm Stephen L. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundBinge co‐consumption of highly caffeinated energy drinks with alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) has become a common practice among adolescents/young adults and has been associated with an increased incidence of hazardous behaviors. Animal models are critical in advancing our understanding the neurobehavioral consequences of this form of binge drinking. Surprisingly, virtually no work has explored caffeine and EtOH co‐consumption or its long‐term consequences in adolescent animals. The primary objective of the current study was to extend a previously established mouse model of voluntary binge caffeine and EtOH co‐consumption to explore adolescent consumption and responses compared to adults.MethodsAdolescent and adult male C57BL/6J mice had daily limited access to caffeine (0.03% w/v), EtOH (20% v/v), a combined EtOH/caffeine solution, or water for 14 days via the binge‐like drinking paradigm, drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID). Home cage locomotor activity was measured during DID in a subset of mice. Following DID, all mice rested for 18 days so that adolescents reached adulthood, whereupon all mice underwent 7 days of continuous access 2‐bottle choice drinking for 10% (v/v) EtOH or water.ResultsCo‐consumption with caffeine significantly increased EtOH intake and resultant blood ethanol concentrations in both adolescent and adult mice. In addition, adolescent mice exhibited a uniquely robust locomotor stimulant response to caffeine and EtOH co‐consumption. Later EtOH intake and preference was not influenced, however, by prior fluid consumption history via DID.ConclusionsTogether with findings from the human literature, our results suggest that caffeine co‐consumption may positively influence binge alcohol consumption in adolescents/young adults. Importantly, this age group may be particularly sensitive to the additive stimulant effects of caffeinated alcohol consumption, an effect which may be related to the high incidence of associated negative outcomes in this population. These observations are particularly concerning considering the heightened plasticity of the adolescent brain.
Explaining the discrepancy in the mediating role of attitude in the TAM
Authors: López‐Bonilla Luis Miguel , López‐Bonilla Jesús Manuel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe debate about the role of attitude in the technology acceptance model (TAM) seems to have re‐emerged in two prestigious journals in the field of educational technology. Among the publications on this debate, there are authors in favour of excluding the attitude of TAM, whereas others are in favour of including it. These opinions are derived from the results that both groups have obtained in their researches. We have wondered whether the methodology used in these studies could have influenced the results obtained and whether different statistical tools may lead to different conclusions. Two alternatives models were compared: TAM with attitude (TAM‐O) and TAM without attitude (TAM‐R). To detect the influence of different methodological tools, two structural equations modelling (SEM) approaches were used for analysis: covariance‐based SEM (CB‐SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS‐SEM). We found that if PLS‐SEM method is used, TAM‐O is a better model than TAM‐R, whereas if CB‐SEM is used, TAM‐R is better than TAM‐O. We face a paradox that is explained by the influence of the methodology.
Effects of the instructor's pointing gestures on learning performance in video lectures
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Hong Jianzhong , Yang Jiumin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecent research on video lectures has indicated that the instructor's pointing gestures facilitate learning performance. This study examined whether the instructor's pointing gestures were superior to nonhuman cues in enhancing video lectures learning, and second, if there was a positive effect, what the underlying mechanisms of the effect might be. There were three kinds of video lectures in the study: one with the instructor's pointing gestures, one with nonhuman cues, and one without any cues. Eighty‐four Chinese undergraduates were randomly assigned to view one of the three video lectures in a laboratory. As hypothesized, the results of analyses of variance showed that the instructor's pointing gestures improved learning performance more than the nonhuman cues and no‐cues conditions. The pointing gestures directed the learners’ visual attention to the relevant learning content of PowerPoint (PPT) slides in the video lecture. This suggests that the instructor's pointing gestures can be a valuable means to improve learning performance in video lectures, in particular PPT slides with much learning information.
One‐Year‐Olds Think Creatively, Just Like Their Parents
Authors: Hoicka Elena , Mowat Rachael , Kirkwood Joanne , Kerr Tiffany , Carberry Megan , Bijvoet‐van den Berg Simone 
Published: May 2016

Creativity is an essential human ability, allowing adaptation and survival. Twenty‐nine 1‐year‐olds and their parents were tested on divergent thinking (DT), a measure of creative potential counting how many ideas one can generate. Toddlers' and parents' DT was moderately to highly correlated. Toddlers showed a wide range of DT scores, which were reliable on retesting. This is the first study to show children think divergently as early as 1 year. This research also suggests 1‐year‐olds' DT is related to parents', opening up future research into whether this relationship is due to genetics and/or social learning at its emergence. Understanding DT at its emergence could allow for interventions while neurological development is most plastic, which could improve DT across the life span.
Parental Feeding and Child Eating: An Investigation of Reciprocal Effects
Authors: Steinsbekk Silje , Belsky Jay , Wichstrøm Lars 
Published: May 2016

Parental feeding practices and children's eating behavior are consistently related to childhood obesity. However, it is not known whether parents’ feeding practices predict obesogenic eating behavior or vice versa. In a Norwegian cohort (n = 797), it was found that greater parental use of food as a reward (instrumental feeding) when children were 6 predicted increased emotional overeating and food responsiveness, whereas greater parental encouragement to eat forecasted increased enjoyment of food 2 years later. No evidence of child effects emerged. Although children's eating behavior is relatively stable and established at an early age, findings suggest that parental feeding practices can serve as targets of intervention to prevent the development of obesogenic eating behavior.
Utility and cost‐effectiveness of molecular testing in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology
Authors: Labourier Emmanuel 
Published: May 2016

SummaryContextMolecular testing on biopsies from thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology can improve patient management by preventing unnecessary surgeries on benign nodules.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the health outcome benefits and cost‐effectiveness of molecular testing in nodules with AUS/FLUS or FN/SFN cytology.DesignThe initial diagnosis and treatment of a hypothetical cohort of adult U.S. patients with solitary thyroid nodules ≥1 cm was simulated by decision analytic modelling using Medicare cost estimates for three management strategies, standard of care without molecular testing (StC), gene expression classifier (GEC) and mutation and miRNA testing (MMT).ResultsGene expression classifier decreased the rate of unnecessary surgeries by 32% relative to StC, yielding incremental costs of $1008 per patient or $5070 per unnecessary surgery avoided. MMT decreased the surgery rate by 67%, yielding incremental savings of −$1384 per patient or −$3170 per unnecessary surgery avoided. Results remained robust in deterministic sensitivity analyses; MMT was dominant for every variable tested. Independent of cancer prevalence, MMT yielded 52% fewer unnecessary surgeries relative to GEC #bib70% fewer two‐stage thyroidectomies and correctly identified 70% more benign nodules. Test specificity had to be >68% for molecular testing to be cost‐effective and decrease by >50% the rate of unnecessary surgeries performed on benign nodules.ConclusionsMolecular testing with high benign diagnostic yield can generate both positive health outcomes (less surgeries) and positive economic outputs (cost savings). These results are consistent with previously reported cost‐utility data and provide valuable insights for informed decision‐making by patients, physicians and payers.
The influence of the distance between narrow implants and the adjacent teeth on marginal bone levels
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Nilsson Peter , King Paul , Worsaae Nils , Schramm Alexander , Maiorana Carlo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how the distance between narrow implants and adjacent teeth influences the marginal bone levels (MBL) up to 3 years after placement.Material and MethodsA prospective, single‐arm, multicenter clinical study was designed to include patients missing 12, 22, 32, 31, 41 or 42 teeth. Implants of 3.0 mm diameter and different lengths were used in the study. One‐stage surgery was performed and healing abutments placed during the 6–10 weeks healing period. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed at implant installation, loading, and at the 6, 12, 24 and 36‐months follow‐up visits.ResultsEighty‐three implants were placed in 59 patients. A total of 48 implants were placed in narrow implant‐to‐tooth spaces (percentile 25, 0.83(0.25) mm), 80 in regular spaces (percentile 25 < x < 75, 1.59(0.26) mm) and 47 in wide spaces (percentile 75, 2.61(0.51) mm). ImplantMBLchange from restoration delivery to 36 months was of 0.50(0.79), 0.50(0.98) and 0.00(0.55) mm in the narrow, regular and wide distance groups (P = 0.005, Mann–WhitneyU‐test). Changes inMBLon the adjacent teeth were not significant.ConclusionThe distance between narrow‐diameter implants and the adjacent teeth does not influence the marginal bone levels neither at the implant or the tooth side. In this study, less marginal bone loss occurred in the narrower spaces.
Epidemiology of iron deficiency anaemia in four European countries: a population‐based study in primary care
Authors: Levi Miriam , Rosselli Matteo , Simonetti Monica , Brignoli Ovidio , Cancian Maurizio , Masotti Adriana , Pegoraro Valeria , Cataldo Nazarena , Heiman Franca , Chelo Manuela , Cricelli Iacopo , Cricelli Claudio , Lapi Francesco 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a global public health concern, being responsible for about 800 000 deaths per year worldwide. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of IDA in Europe. This study therefore aimed to assess the incidence rate and determinants of IDA in four European countries.MethodsDemographic and clinical information was obtained from four national primary care databases, respectively, for Italy, Belgium, Germany and Spain. IDA‐related determinants were estimated using multivariable Cox regression.ResultsThe annual incidence rates of IDA ranged between 7.2 and 13.96 per 1000 person‐years. The estimates were higher in Spain and Germany. Females, younger and older patients were at greater risk of IDA, as well as those suffering from gastrointestinal diseases, pregnant women and those with history of menometrorrhagia, and aspirin and/or antacids users. A Charlson Index >0 was a significant determinant of IDA in all countries.ConclusionsThe use of primary care databases allowed us to assess the incidence rate and determinants of IDA in four European countries. Given the crucial role of general practitioners in the diagnosis and management of this condition, our findings may contribute to increase the awareness of IDA among physicians as well as to reduce its occurrence among at‐risk patients.
Exercising arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in horses: Review of the literature and comparative aspects
Authors: Navas de Solis C. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryArrhythmias are common in equine athletes during and immediately after exercise. Many of these rhythm variations are not clinically relevant. In horses, a link between different exercising arrhythmias and poor performance or between exercising arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is strongly suspected but not fully understood or proven. SCD during races or competitions is rare, but has catastrophic consequences for the safety of the human partner and public perceptions of welfare during equestrian sports. This review summarises current knowledge of equine exercise arrhythmias and their implications in SCD and compares existing principles and recommendations for equine subjects with those for human athletes.