bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Lip Support with and without Labial Flanges in a Maxillary Edentulous Population. Part 2: Blinded Subjective Analysis
Authors: Bidra Avinash S. , Manzotti Anna , Wu Rong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo study the subjective differences in facial esthetics evaluations among lay people, general dentists, and prosthodontists, when evaluating images of patients wearing a maxillary denture with a labial flange in comparison to an experimental flangeless denture.Materials and MethodsA random sample of 20 maxillary edentulous patients from the original sample of 31 patients described in part 1 of the study was selected for this study. A total of 60 judges comprising 15 general dentists, 15 prosthodontists, and 30 lay people were recruited for subjective analysis. The judges were blinded about the objectives of the study and were asked to rate the facial esthetics of each image using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) instrument. Four digital images per subject (total of 80 images) were evaluated in a random order, twice by all 60 judges. A repeated measures general linear mixed modeling method using restricted maximum likelihood estimation was performed using mixed procedure in a statistical software package to study the differences in evaluations.ResultsThe overall VAS ratings of facial esthetics for images with flangeless dentures were slightly lower compared to images with labial flanges, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This was true for both profile and frontal images; however, the magnitude of the difference was too small (no greater than 4 mm on a 100 mm scale) to be clinically significant. There were no statistically significant differences in facial esthetics ratings irrespective of the background or gender of the judges.ConclusionsFlangeless dentures resulted in slightly lower ratings of facial esthetics compared to images with a labial flange, but the differences were clinically insignificant. This was true for all judges comprising general dentists, prosthodontists, and lay people and for both frontal and profile images.
The Effect of Active and Passive Peer Discouragement on Adolescent Risk taking: An Experimental Study
Authors: de Boer Anouk , Harakeh Zeena 
Published: May 2017

This experiment investigated the effect of peer discouragement on adolescent risk taking. Overall, 269 Dutch adolescents aged 11–15 years completed a risk taking computer task in the presence of an e‐confederate who demonstrated very little risk taking (passive peer discouragement) and/or sent risk‐discouraging messages to participants (active peer discouragement). The results showed that, compared to a situation with no peer discouragement, adolescents took significantly less risk only when they encountered a combination of active and passive peer discouragement; hence, when peers practiced what they preached. No gender differences were found in the effect of passive and active peer discouragement on risk taking. The results showed that digital peer messages play a promising role in diminishing adolescent risk taking.
Vaccine discussions with parents: The experience of Australian paediatricians
Authors: Costa‐Pinto Jessica , Willaby Harold W , Leask Julie , Wood Nicholas , Marshall Helen , Danchin Margie 
Published: May 2017

AimHealth‐care providers are crucial in maintaining parental confidence in vaccination. Health‐care providers are the most commonly accessed resource by parents for vaccine‐related information and are highly trusted. We investigated paediatricians’ (i) frequency of vaccine discussions; (ii) specific vaccine‐related topics discussed; (iii) perceived role in childhood vaccination; (iv) challenges faced when having discussions; (v) confidence in vaccine‐related knowledge and communication skills; and (vi) interest in online education and training.MethodsWe invited members of the Australian Paediatric Research Network to complete an online Research Electronic Data Capture survey in 2015–2016.Results
Of 383 active Australian Paediatric Research Network members, 165 (43%) completed the online survey. A total of 61% reported ‘frequently’ or ‘almost always’ having vaccine‐related discussions, with 15% ‘rarely’ having them. ‘Lack of time’ was the most commonly reported barrier to having vaccine discussions (54%). Vaccine necessity was most commonly discussed (33%), followed by vaccine safety (24%), general vaccine concerns (23%) and catch‐up schedules (23%). While only 25% of paediatricians lacked confidence in their vaccine‐related knowledge and 11% in their communication skills, most expressed interest in online training to address vaccine knowledge (62%) and communication skills (53%).
Conclusion
Paediatricians play a key role in maintaining public confidence in vaccination. However, opportunities to address concerns are not being maximised by Australian paediatricians. There is a need and desire for training and resources to increase vaccine knowledge and communication skills for paediatricians, to optimise the frequency and effectiveness of vaccine discussions with parents and to ensure ongoing high immunisation coverage rates in Australia.
Validation of a Point‐of‐Care Quantitative Equine IgG Turbidimetric Immunoassay and Comparison of IgG Concentrations Measured with Radial Immunodiffusion and a Point‐of‐Care IgGELISA
Authors: Ujvari S. , Schwarzwald C.C. , Fouché N. , Howard J. , Schoster A. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPoint‐of‐care (POC) diagnostic tests with good sensitivity and specificity are needed for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in foals. Turbidimetric immunoassays (TIA) have these characteristics and provide quantitative results. A commercially availableTIA‐basedPOCtest (POC‐TIA) has not been validated in horses.ObjectiveTo validate aPOC‐TIAand compare results ofPOC‐TIA, aPOC‐ELISA, and radial immunodiffusion (RID).AnimalsHeparinized blood samples (n = 127) from 48 hospitalized foals (<12 hour to 48 days).MethodsProspective validation study. IgG concentrations were measured usingRID(gold standard),POC‐TIA, andPOC‐ELISA. Agreement between assays was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated usingROCcurves. Inter‐ and intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) and linearity were evaluated forPOC‐TIA.ResultsThe mean bias (95% limits of agreement) betweenRIDandPOC‐TIAwas −4 (−185 to 176), 27 (−201 to 255), and 308 (−377 to 993) mg/dLfor samples with IgG concentrations of <400, 400–800, and >800 mg/dL, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity at optimal cutoff were 94 and 100% for thePOC‐TIAand 94 and 100% for thePOC‐ELISAto detect IgG <400 mg/dL, and 85 and 87% (POC‐TIA) and 69 and 79% (POC‐ELISA) to detect IgG ≤800 mg/dL. Intra‐ and interassayCVs forPOC‐TIAranged between 1.6–3.8 and 11.9–18.8%, respectively. Linearity of the dilution series was preserved (R2> 0.96).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThePOC‐TIAprovided unambiguous results and had sufficient sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision to be used as an alternative to otherPOCtests to assessFTPIin foals.
Low‐dose Desmopressin and Tolterodine Combination Therapy for Treating Nocturia in Women with Overactive Bladder: A Double‐blind, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: ROVNER Eric S. , RAYMOND Kyle , ANDRUCZYK Eugene , JUUL Kristian V. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveEvaluation of safety and efficacy of desmopressin/tolterodine combination therapy in women.MethodsThis double‐blind, randomized, proof‐of‐concept study enrolled 106 patients (≥18 years), with overactive bladder (OAB) and nocturia, with ≥2 nocturnal voids, receiving a 3‐month once‐daily combination (desmopressin 25 µg, orally‐disintegrating tablets [ODT]/tolterodine 4 mg [Detrol® LA]; n = 49) or monotherapy (tolterodine 4 mg/placebo ODT; n = 57). Primary endpoint was change from baseline in mean number of nocturnal voids. Secondary endpoints were change from baseline in nocturnal voided volume, time to first nocturnal void, and quality‐of‐life. Post‐hoc exploratory analysis were performed for patients with and without baseline nocturnal polyuria (NP, n = 47 each).ResultsOverall population showed a non‐significant reduction in mean number of nocturnal voids with combination versus monotherapy (full analysis set: adjusted treatment contrast [TC], −0.34; P = 0.112). Change in mean nocturnal void volume (TC, −64.16 mL; P = 0.103), mean time to first nocturnal void (TC, 18.00 min; P = 0.385) and Nocturia Impact (NI) Diary© scores were comparable. In post‐hoc analysis, NP patients showed a benefit with combination versus monotherapy for nocturnal void volume (P = 0.034) and time to first nocturnal void (P = 0.045), and a non‐significant improvement in NI Diary© scores. Safety profile was comparable between treatments. A single transient event of asymptomatic clinically significant hyponatremia in combination group resolved subsequently.ConclusionLow‐dose desmopressin could be safely combined with tolterodine for treating nocturia in women with OAB, with a significant benefit in women with NP. Further, prospective validation studies of combination therapy are warranted in mixed NP/OAB population, based on this favorable proof‐of‐concept finding.
A role for interleukin 17A in IBD‐related neuroplasticity
Authors: Cervi A. L. , Moynes D. M. , Chisholm S. P. , Nasser Y. , Vanner S. J. , Lomax A. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundChanges to the structure and function of the innervation of the gut contribute to symptom generation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, delineation of the mechanisms of these effects has proven difficult. Previous work on sympathetic neurons identified interleukin (IL)‐17A as a novel neurotrophic cytokine. Since IL‐17A is involved in IBD pathogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that IL‐17A contributes to neuroanatomical remodeling during IBD.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase was used to identify sympathetic axons in mice with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and controls. Axon outgrowth from sympathetic neurons in response to incubation in cytokines or endoscopic patient biopsy supernatants was quantified.Key ResultsDSS‐induced colitis led to an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the inflamed colon but not the spleen. Colonic supernatants from mice with colitis and biopsy supernatants from Crohn's disease patients increased axon outgrowth from mouse sympathetic neurons compared to supernatants from uninflamed controls. An antibody that neutralized IL‐17A blocked the ability of DSS‐induced colitis and Crohn's disease supernatants to induce axon extension.Conclusions and InferencesThese findings identify IL‐17A as a potential mediator of neuroanatomical remodeling of the gut innervation during IBD.
A novel marketing mix and choice architecture framework to nudge restaurant customers toward healthy food environments to reduce obesity in the United States
Authors: Kraak V. I. , Englund T. , Misyak S. , Serrano E. L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis review identified and adapted choice architecture frameworks to develop a novel framework that restaurant owners could use to promote healthy food environments for customers who currently overconsume products high in fat, sugar and sodium that increase their risk of obesity and diet‐related non‐communicable diseases. This review was conducted in three steps and presented as a narrative summary to demonstrate a proof of concept. Step 1 was a systematic review of nudge or choice architecture frameworks used to categorize strategies that cue healthy behaviours in microenvironments. We searched nine electronic databases between January 2000 and December 2016 and identified 1,244 records. Inclusion criteria led to the selection of five choice architecture frameworks, of which three were adapted and combined with marketing mix principles to highlight eight strategies (i.e. place, profile, portion, pricing, promotion, healthy default picks, prompting or priming and proximity). Step 2 involved conducting a comprehensive evidence review between January 2006 and December 2016 to identify U.S. recommendations for the restaurant sector organized by strategy. Step 3 entailed developing 12 performance metrics for the eight strategies. This framework should be tested to determine its value to assist restaurant owners to promote and socially normalize healthy food environments to reduce obesity and non‐communicable diseases.
Solitary terminal cells of Aphanizomenon gracile (Cyanobacteria, Nostocales) can divide and renew trichomes
Authors: Wejnerowski Lukasz , Wojciechowicz Maria K. , Glama Małgorzata , Olechnowicz Julia , Dziuba Marcin K. , Cerbin Slawek 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYAn attempt was made to find evidence that morphologically distinct terminal cells of filamentous cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile strain CCALA 8 are capable of dividing and forming trichomes. Based on our current knowledge, the division of morphologically diversified terminal cells is possible in nostocalean cyanobacteria. However, this process has been observed only in a few species. Terminal cells of A. gracile differ morphologically from other vegetative cells of a trichome, as they are not hyaline and can sometimes be found as solitary cells in cultures. Hence, it was reasonable for us to suspect that these cells are capable of dividing and forming trichomes. We observed terminal cells under a light and transmission electron microscope. Microscopic observations revealed that the septum formed in both solitary terminal cells and in terminal cells attached to trichomes. Our study is the first to demonstrate division and renewal of trichomes in terminal cells of A. gracile. Previously, such mode of reproduction was described only for another nostocalean cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis mediterranea. Moreover, our findings further emphasize the variability among members that belong to the genus Aphanizomenon
, in which a type species (A. flos‐aquae) has hyaline cells incapable of dividing and renewing trichomes, while A. gracile can additionally propagate by solitary terminal cells division. This additional feature distinguishing A. gracile from typical species of Aphanizomenon, such as A. flos‐aquae, might be valuable for resolving taxonomic position of the species considering ambiguous genetic relationship between A. gracile and A. flos‐aquae.
Time domain measurement of the vascular and myocardial branches of the baroreflex: A study in physically active versus sedentary individuals
Authors: Reyes del Paso Gustavo A. , de la Coba Pablo , Martín‐Vázquez María , Thayer Julian F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study tests the spontaneous sequence method for the evaluation of the cardiac, vasomotor, and myocardial branches of the baroreflex. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), interbeat interval (IBI), stroke volume (SV), preejection period (PEP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were continuously recorded in 33 physically active and 25 sedentary participants at rest and during a mental arithmetic task. Sequences of spontaneous covariation between SBP and IBI (for the cardiac branch), SV and PEP (for the myocardial branch), and TPR (for the vasomotor branch) were located. The slope of the regression line between values in the sequences produced an estimate of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and the proportion of progressive SBP changes that elicited reflex modulations yielded an estimate of baroreflex effectiveness (BEI). The active group showed greater BRS in all three branches than the sedentary group. Cardiac and vasomotor BEI decreased during the arithmetic task in the sedentary group but not in the active one. Only cardiac BRS decreased during the arithmetic task. In conclusion, the method appears appropriate for the simultaneous assessment of the three baroreflex branches. The assessment of the vascular branch of the baroreflex may have prognostic relevance in the development of hypertension or other cardiometabolic diseases.
The Mediated Amplification of a Crisis: Communicating the A/H1N1 Pandemic in Press Releases and Press Coverage in Europe
Authors: Rossmann Constanze , Meyer Lisa , Schulz Peter J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the aftermath of the A/H1N1 pandemic, health authorities were criticized for failures in crisis communication efforts, and the media were accused of amplifying the pandemic. Considering these criticisms, A/H1N1 provides a suitable case for examining risk amplification processes that may occur in the transfer of information from press releases to print news media during a health crisis. We integrated the social amplification of risk framework with theories of news decisions (news values, framing) in an attempt to contribute to existing research both theoretically and empirically. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of press releases disseminated by health and governmental authorities, as well as the quality and tabloid press in 10 European countries between March 2009 and March 2011. Altogether 243 press releases, 1,243 quality press articles, and 834 tabloid press articles were coded. Consistent with research on news values and framing the results suggest that quality and tabloid papers alike amplified A/H1N1 risks by emphasizing conflict and damage, presenting information in a more dramatized way, and using risk‐amplifying frames to a greater extent and risk‐attenuating frames to a lesser extent than press releases. To some extent, the quality and tabloid press differed in how risk information was presented. While tabloid press articles seemed to follow the leading quality press with regards to content and framing of health crisis coverage, they exhibited a stronger emphasis on drama and emotion in the way they presented information.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock in a cat with disseminated toxoplasmosis
Authors: Evans Natashia A. , Walker Julie M. , Manchester Alison C. , Bach Jonathan F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic shock in a cat with disseminated toxoplasmosis.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for acute respiratory distress. At the time of presentation it had been receiving cyclosporine for treatment of eosinophilic dermatitis. Thoracic radiographs revealed severe mixed nodular interstitial and alveolar patterns. An endotracheal wash was performed, which confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary toxoplasmosis. Despite initial treatment with oxygen supplementation and intravenous clindamycin, the cat developed refractory hypoxemia and hypotension requiring mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support within 24 hours of hospital admission. Cardiac arrest occurred 56 hours after admission. Necropsy was performed and histopathology revealed protozoal organisms disseminated throughout the heart, lungs, liver, and brain.New or Unique Information ProvidedThe clinical and necropsy findings presented here are consistent with ARDS secondary to disseminated toxoplasmosis in a cat. This is the first detailed report of ARDS in a cat. Toxoplasma titer testing and antimicrobial prophylaxis should be considered in cats prior to immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine.
In Vitro
Efficacy of Moxidectin versus Ivermectin against Sarcoptes scabiei
Authors: Mounsey Kate E. , Walton Shelley F. , Innes Ashlee , Cash-Deans Skye , McCarthy James S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Moxidectin is under consideration for development as a treatment for human scabies. As some arthropods show decreased sensitivity to moxidectin relative to ivermectin, it was important to assess this for
Sarcoptes scabiei
.
In vitro
assays showed that the concentration of moxidectin required to kill 50% of mites was lower than that of ivermectin (0.5 μM versus 1.8 μM at 24 h;
P
< 0.0001). This finding provides further support for moxidectin as a candidate for the treatment of human scabies.
The Fluorocycline TP-271 Is Efficacious in Models of Aerosolized Francisella tularensis SCHU S4 Infection in BALB/c Mice and Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Grossman Trudy H. , Anderson Michael S. , Christ David , Gooldy Melanie , Henning Lisa N. , Heine Henry S. , Kindt M. Victoria , Lin Winston , Siefkas-Patterson Kaylyn , Radcliff Anne K. , Tam Vincent H. , Sutcliffe Joyce A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

TP-271 is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline in development for complicated bacterial respiratory infections. TP-271 was active
in vitro
against a panel of 29
Francisella tularensis
isolates, showing MICs against 50% and 90% of isolates of 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. In a mouse model of inhalational tularemia, animals were exposed by aerosol to 91 to 283 50% lethal doses (LD
50
)/mouse of
F. tularensis
SCHU S4. Following 21 days of once-daily intraperitoneal dosing with TP-271 at 3, 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg of body weight/day, initiating at 24 h postchallenge, survival was 80%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. When treatment was initiated at 72 h postchallenge, survival was 89%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in the 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-mg/kg/day TP-271 groups, respectively. No mice treated with the vehicle control survived. Surviving mice treated with TP-271 showed little to no relapse during 14 days posttreatment. In a nonhuman primate model of inhalational tularemia, cynomolgus macaques received an average aerosol exposure of 1,144 CFU of
F. tularensis
SCHU S4. Once-daily intravenous infusion with 1 or 3 mg/kg TP-271, or vehicle control, for 21 days was initiated within 6 h of confirmed fever. All animals treated with TP-271 survived to the end of the study, with no relapse during 14 days after the last treatment, whereas no vehicle control-treated animals survived. The protection and low relapse afforded by TP-271 treatment in these studies support continued investigation of TP-271 for use in the event of aerosolized exposure to
F. tularensis
.
Circulation of
bla
KPC-3
-Carrying IncX3 Plasmids among Citrobacter freundii Isolates in an Italian Hospital
Authors: Venditti Carolina , Fortini Daniela , Villa Laura , Vulcano Antonella , D'Arezzo Silvia , Capone Alessandro , Petrosillo Nicola , Nisii Carla , Carattoli Alessandra , Di Caro Antonino 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Colonizations due to carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) are a source of antimicrobial resistance transmission in health care settings. Eleven
Citrobacter freundii
strains producing KPC-3 carbapenemase were isolated from rectal swabs during a 3-year surveillance program.
bla
KPC-3
-carrying plasmids were found to belong to the IncX3 group in 9 of the 11 strains, and complete nucleotide sequences were obtained for 2 of them. Our results highlight the possible role of
C. freundii
as reservoir of resistance genes.