bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growing up with Andrew
Authors: Hyden Margaret 
Published: March 2016

The mother of a retarded child tells of some of the battles, frustrations and the rewards of caring for her retarded son.It is hoped that contributions such as this one from Margaret Hydon will become a regular feature of the Journal.My husband was elated to hear at long last that our son Andrew had arrived, but at the time little did he realize the full implications of the trauma of the birth which was then closely followed by septicaemia and bronchial pneumonia.
Quality of Life and the Evaluation of Quality of Care
Authors: Gregory Graeme 
Published: March 2016

God bless Mummy. I know that’s right.Wasn’t it fun in the bath tonight?The cold’s so cold, and the hot’s so hot.Oh! God bless Daddy – I quite forgot.If I open my fingers a little bit moreI can see Nanny’s dressing gown on the door.It’s a beautiful blue, but it hasn’t a hood.Oh! God bless Nanny and make her good.Mine has a hood, and I lie in bed,And pull the hood tight over my head,And I shut my eyes, and I curl up small,And nobody knows that I’m there at all.Oh! Thank you God for a lovely day.And what was the other I had to say?I said “Bless Daddy”, so what can it be?Oh! Now I remember it. God bless me.Whether or not A.A. Milne accurately reflected childhood experiences in 1924, this is certainly the picture of childhood experience and expectation with which many of us grew up. As an aside, I would note that another English poet, Kit Wright, writing in 1978, comes up with a vastly different picture of life through a child’s eyes:
My Mum is on a diet,My dad is on the booze,My Gran’s out playing BingoAnd she was born to lose.My brother’s stripped his motorbikeAlthough it’s bound to rain.My sister’s playing Elton JohnOver and over again.What a dim old family!What a dreary lot!Sometimes I think that I'm the onlySuperstar they’ve got.
The Process of Change within an established System
Authors: Green David 
Published: March 2016

“Innovation starts from the collision between theory and reality within an irreverent mind”David DonnisonDavid Donnison’s definition is both useful, and relevant to the theme “The Process of Change from within an Established System”. The relevance, I suggest, relates to the words — theory, reality and irreverence. How many of us working within an established system have a sound theoretical base, are in touch with reality, and have an irreverent mind. Such a combination of attributes are considered unusual in bureaucrats — although they can be acquired. However the acquisition requires the bureaucrat to give up some of the conventional attributes of success, or at least, a quiescent life in the organization. People involved in change really do see the world as it is without the assistance of self-interest filters.
Families Create Action Support Networks Family Power: Social Change Project
Authors: Wright Cliff 
Published: March 2016

A visit to Australia (February 12-16, 1979) by Dr. Masamba ma Mpolo, Secretary of the Office of Family Education, World Council of Churches, Geneva, has stimulated great interest in the Family Power: Social Change project, which is part of the family ministries programme of the World Council of Churches.The project is rooted in insights I find exciting — the belief that families need not just succumb to external pressures and become victims of outside forces; they need not wait for commercial interests, television and radio, newspapers and magazines, films and advertisements, patronizing and matronizing social service bodies to tell them what to do, what to think, what to buy, what value systems to uphold, what goals for living to accept. They can become more self-reliant, more liberated, less other directed, be makers of history. Fatalistic, hand-wringing despair can be replaced by courageous grappling with issues, in a spirit of hope. In line with the Old Testament prophets, families can both denounce evil elements involving injustice and manipulation, and can announce new possibilities for a more truly human society (see Paulo Freire, Cultural Action for Freedom, Penguin).
Children of One Parent Families
Authors: English Brian A. 
Published: March 2016

Social policy may be defined in a general sense as the conscious process by which members of a society, or some large sub-section of a society, collectively seek enduring solutions to the problems that affect them. Social policy refers particularly, but not only, to the actions of governments and to the activities of large organisations and institutions. It is now generally accepted that the concerns of social policy have at least to do with questions of social justice, equity and environmental protection, although there is much debate about specific application of these values or of the lower order values that might be derived from themAn extensive literature on social policy now exists. This literature deals with the principles or philosophy underlying the process of formal policy making, the development and current extent of policies in selected nations or in relation to specific population groups or social problems and also deals in a normative way with the actual activities to be undertaken in the formulation and implementation of social policies.
Understanding Parenthood
Authors: Charlesworth Stephanie 
Published: March 2016

The subject of parents and children is so immense and so much discussed that it takes a certain effrontery to write yet another article on it. I do, however, have a slightly original slant in that I am not concerned so much with how parents affect their children, but with the effects that children have on their parents.Practically everybody has strong impressions of their own parents, even if they are not parents themselves, so that everyone has some kind of experience of parent child relationships. Sometimes this experience leads to understanding and insight: sometimes it leads to distortion and bias. In order to move away from the sort of discussion that is either an exchange, or a confrontation of various people's experiences, I propose to use two different approaches. The first will try to elucidate the structure of the dominant contemporary mode of parents-children relationships. The second will examine alternative ways of viewing parent-child relationships.
Promoting Client and Worker Competence in Child Welfare
Authors: Maluccio Anthony N. 
Published: March 2016

In the field of child welfare there is general agreement about the inadequacies and questionable effectiveness of the service delivery system. Study after study suggests that there is a wide gap between the promise of child welfare services and their performance. For instance, while the goal of a permanent home for each child has become accepted at the philosophical level, it is still far from being realized in practice, for many children are drifting in temporary, inappropriate placements.Various solutions to these problems are usually offered, including more staff, more and better training, improved practice technology, and social action or social reform. While all these remedies are important, none would deal adequately with a recurring problem, namely, the failure of the service delivery system to promote the competence of clients and social workers in carrying out their roles and coping with life challenges. Much could be accomplished if we reconceptualized and changed practice so that it might be more conducive to the effective functioning of clients as well as social workers.
Cot Death
Authors: Williams Alan 
Published: March 2016

Every fourth morning in Melbourne a mother goes to pick up her baby from its cot only to find that her baby is dead. This statement, which ignores the seasonal incidence of cot death, does indicate however both the frequency and the tragic drama of cot death.The first recorded case of probable cot death in Australia was recorded in 1810. I say probable as we have no means of knowing whether it would really fit the currently accepted definition of cot death which is “the sudden and unexpected death of an infant in whom a thorough post mortem examination does not disclose an adequate cause of death”. Some infants do die suddenly and unexpectedly from diseases such as myocarditis, meningitis, and gastro-enteritis. But these conditions are readily recognised by the pathologist who examines the baby after death. It is when he is unable to find evidence of any such lethal disease after a thorough examination that he records his verdict as cot death, or as it is usually labelled these days, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome or SIDS.
The ‘Only Child’ as an Issue in Adoption Policy: Myth & Evidence
Authors: Kraus J. 
Published: March 2016

Neither State nor private adoption agencies in Australia give preference to childless applicants over applicants who already have one child. This policy is presumed to be in ‘the best interest of the child’, and is based on the belief that being an only child leads to maladjustment. Empirical evidence indicates, however, that in general only children are in fact better adjusted than children from larger families. Consequently, not only has the existing policy no substance but also it denies natural justice to the childless couples who have to wait to start their adoptive family.In the past two decades there has been a complete reversal of the supply/demand situation in the area of child adoption in Australia. At present, the number of children available for adoption is so small relative to the number of potential adopters, that approved applicants have to wait for up to eight years in N.S.W. before they can expect to have a child allotted to them. The length of this waiting period seems excessive not only in terms of the applicants’ expectations but also in terms of ordinary common sense values of the general community. If the situation is to be remedied, there is a need for a more flexible adoption policy suited to the prevailing social circumstances. A facet of this policy, which could shorten the waiting period possibly by half if adapted to the existing situation, is the proviso that all other things being equal childless applicants are given no preference over applicants who already have a natural or adopted child.
Permanency Planning: a redefinition
Authors: Maluccio Anthony N. , Fein Edith 
Published: March 2016

As a practice method, permanency planning has been on the scene long enough to require re-evaluation of its underlying theory and implications for social work. The authors therefore offer a comprehensive definition of permanency planning and describe its major features in detail.Concern about the phenomenon of drift in foster care has given rise to the practice called permanency planning — the process of taking prompt, decisive action to maintain children in their own homes or place them permanently with other families. This is an important movement in child welfare, and there is a continuing need to clarify its meaning so as to promote its development in theory and practice. Following a brief review of the literature, we therefore propose a comprehensive definition of permanency planning and delineate its major components.
Emergency Department Guidelines for Suspected Child Abuse
Authors: Barbour Janie 
Published: March 2016

These guidelines are given to medical practioners at the Adelaide Children’s Hospital. They demonstrate how recognition of child abuse is introduced to this group of practioners.“The index of suspicion must be high”.We as the front line of this hospital must be aware of parents with the potential to abuse; the child seen by them as sufficiently difficult, who provokes their potential; (it involves all socio-economic groups) and circumstances sufficiently stressful to tip the balance!
The Response to Disaster of Individuals & Families Within Their Community
Authors: Wraith Ruth , Gordon Rob 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn a natural disaster situation the predominent experience is confusion. It occurs because disastrous events, by their very nature, disrupt the expected familiar pattern of life. The physical environment is usually drastically altered; sometimes it is almost unrecognizable. Death, injury or the threat of them, introduce new and powerful experiences of danger. Evacuation and the influx of combatant and relief workers, replace ordered and familiar community life with a disoriented, emotional mass of people.In this, as in any situation of confusion, people fall back on what is familiar, to orient themselves. This means they may not immediately recognise what is new and unique to the disaster. They tend to focus on definite, tangible problems. The ovewhelming physical needs are quite rightly the first to be addressed. Many physical requirements have to be met in a matter of hours. When concentrating on providing necessary services, it is difficult to be understanding of the new personal and community responses that take place.
Community Recovery Following the Ash Wednesday Bushfires
Authors: Hill John , Hill Helen , Gray Sue 
Published: March 2016

The fires of Ash Wednesday, 1983 have been a significant turning-point in the history of disaster management concepts and practices in Australia. Disaster recovery management has been identified as an important area of management in its own right, containing complex and prolonged programs and activities and requiring the participation of the affected community and involvement from the wide community.Recovery from disaster is no longer seen merely in terms of response and relief activities, or as a physical process of reconstruction. It is an enabling and supportive process, which allows individuals, families and communities to attain a proper level of functioning through the provision of information, resources and specialist services.
Some Considerations in Planning for and Managing Community Recovery Following Disaster
Authors: Gartland Kerry 
Published: March 2016

Understanding of what constitutes a disaster has altered over time in accordance with changing notions of cause and effects. The “Black Death” which swept Europe was then regarded as inevitable, with some religious groups descibing it as “An Act of God”. Perception of disaster has moved from an emphasis on the physical effects of an event, such as cyclone, fire or chemical explosion, to a perception that the extent of deleterious effects is predominately a social issue.“Sociologically, a disaster is an event, located in time and space, that produces conditions whereby the continuity of the structure and processes of social units becomes problematic. Disaster agents may differ as to their cause, frequency, controllability, speed and onset, length of forewarning, duration, scope of impact and destructive potential” (Dynes, 1975).
Personal and Family Responses to Disaster: The Longer Term Perspective
Authors: Gordon Rob , Wraith Ruth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe disruption of disasters and the protracted recovery period following, can cause a variety of problems in the longer term. The authors identify a number of problems from clinical work with bushfire-affected families, including deterioration in the general fabric of family life, disruption of children's developmental pathways, reactivation of past traumatic experiences, and changes in self-concept and identity. The community context of assistance is emphasised.
Outreach — Strengthening Families Under Stress
Authors: Lindsay Rae 
Published: March 2016

The Family Service Centre, a voluntary social work agency attached to the University of Western Australia first opened its doors to clients on the 16th May 1977.The idea of establishing a broadbased family centre attached to the Social Work Department at U.W.A. was first mooted in 1974 in the Department's Triennium Submission for 1976-78 to the Australian Universities Commission and still remains a novelty in the Australian social work education scene. The sixth A.U.C. Report, in fact, expressed considerable interest in the idea by stating that "it might support a contribution to the academic staffing of such a development on the same basis as a University teaching hospital". Unfortunately, the lapse of this Report for political reasons, meant that this and other proposals contained in it were either shelved, lapsed or had to be reactivated within a different policy framework.
The New South Wales Community Welfare Act 1982 and Foster Parents
Authors: Chisholm Richard 
Published: March 2016

The Community Welfare Act 1982 was passed by the New South Wales Parliament and received Royal Assent on 25 May 1982. However, it is not yet in force: the Act itself provides that it will come into force on a day appointed by the Governor and notified by proclamation. This means it can come into force when the government decides that it should. It is possible for parts of it to be brought into force at different times.The Act is long and complex. Rather than attempt a general overview of it, this paper will consider what the Act says on issues of special concern to foster parents.
Children's Rights: What Children Think about them
Authors: Nixon Mary , Haron Fatimah 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChild abuse and neglect can be thought of as violations of children's rights. Declarations of children's rights have been formulated by adults; they are intended to be internationally valid, but little attempt has been made to find out what children themselves think about their rights, in any country.This study compared the views of Malaysian children and young adults with those of Australians. In both countries the right to love, affection and understanding ranked highly. Few children ranked highly their rights to freedom from fear of harm, or to protection; young adults ranked them more highly than the children. Most young people perceived schools as holding views very different from their own on children's rights. If schools are to perform a useful function in preventing abuse and neglect, children's views of schools may need to change, perhaps through changes in the schools.
Legal Aid for Children: Some Reflections
Authors: Lucas Brian 
Published: March 2016

In its Second Main Report, Law and Poverty in Australia, the Commission of Inquiry into Poverty expressed the view that “legal representation for children appearing before the children's court, whether in the criminal or protective jurisdiction, is necessary if justice is to be done.”This view coincides with the opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States of America in In re Gault. It has been said that this decision “unleashed a frontal assault on the juvenile court system.” It confirmed that juveniles were entitled to “due process” and the same protection which the Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights afforded to adults.
Children's Rights
Authors: Turner J. Neville 
Published: March 2016

The recent soccer tradegy at Brussels has no doubt many explanations, but one thing is certain. The offending Liverpool football supporters largely consisted of youths who had been greatly deprived in their childhood. Anyone who has been to Liverpool will be aware of the miserable living conditions that many families find themselves in. It is hardly surprising that children from this upbringing turned into hooligans who so disgraced their country.Children are the citizens of the future. The future of Australia too depends on the children of today. It is therefore urgent that we protect the interests of children, who, of course, do not have a voice of their own.This Bureau is one of the few organizations in Australia concerned to see that legislation is passed which is truly in the best interests of children. There are many areas which give rise to great concern.
Behavioural Casework and Failure to Thrive
Authors: Herbert Martin , Iwaniec D. 
Published: March 2016

To see the twins, Jimmy and Wayne Grant, together — on one of our home visits — is to understand something of what the paediatric term ‘failure to thrive’ means. Jimmy is a chubby, rose-cheeked boisterous two-year old. He appears to be a happy, mischievous boy, running, playing, talking and laughing. He comes to his mother for help and comfort and cuddles up to her spontaneously. He responds readily to her attention and affection. She smiles at him, picks him up, sits him on her lap, plays with him, answers his questions, watches his movements, warns him when he is in danger.On the edge of the room, like a stranger, stands Wayne — posture rigid, staring fixedly at us. He isasad, lethargic looking child, very small and extremely thin. His pale face throws into relief the dark shadows under his eyes. He remains in one spot, as if at attention; by now he is gazing unswervingly at his mother. She takes no notice of him. When asked to call Wayne over to her she looks in his direction; as she does so her face hardens and her eyes are angry. She addresses him with a dry command; when he hestitates she shouts at him.
Child Abuse: The Safety of the Home
Authors: Goddard Christopher R. 
Published: March 2016

Child abuse is now perceived to be a major social problem. It is only in recent years, however, that this phenomenon has become part of public consciousness. Social workers, residential workers, doctors, infant welfare sisters, police and others are apparently spending more of their time dealing with the problem. This increasing demand on the professional's time has been matched by the growth of material written on Child Abuse: Kalisch, (1978), provides some two thousand references, the vast majority appearing in the last twenty years.The literature, however, is predominantly concerned with identification of the child at risk, the incidence of child abuse, and the establishment of systems dealing with the problem. Unfortunately very little has been written about a central and crucial issue: the safety of the home.
Diabetes mellitus and extrapulmonary tuberculosis: site distribution and risk of mortality
Authors: MAGEE M. J. , FOOTE M. , RAY S. M. , GANDHI N. R. , KEMPKER R. R. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYScarce data exist on the relationship between diabetes and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). We evaluated whether diabetes impacts site of TB and risk of death in patients with EPTB. We evaluated a cohort of TB cases from the state of Georgia between 2009 and 2012. Patients aged ⩾16 years were classified by diabetes status according to medical records. Site of EPTB was determined by culture and/or state TB classification. Death was defined by all-cause mortality. Of 1325 eligible reported TB cases, 369 (27·8%) had any EPTB including 258 (19·5%) with only EPTB and 111 (8·4%) with pulmonary TB and EPTB. Of all TB cases, 158 had diabetes (11·9%). In multivariable analysis, the odds of any EPTB was similar in patients with and without diabetes [adjusted odds ratio 1·04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·70–1·56]. The risk of death was 23·8% in patients with EPTB and diabetes vs. 9·8% in those with no diabetes (P < 0·01); after adjusting for covariates the difference was not significant (aRR 1·19, 95% CI 0·54–2·63). Diabetes was common in patients with EPTB and risk of death was high. Improved understanding of the relationship between diabetes and EPTB is critical to determine the extent that diabetes affects TB diagnosis and clinical management.
Child Abuse: Prevention and Infliction by the Removal of the Child From the Home
Authors: Bishop Frank 
Published: March 2016

This paper incorporates three separate levels of information acquired slowly from clinical experience:
a)From clinical research into maltreated children and their parents.b)From the assessment and treatment of maltreated children removed from parental care and adopted as Special Needs Children with unfroseen results.c)From the assessment for legal purposes of the emotional status of parents who have seriously injured or killed their children and who had not received treatment in their own childhood, despite their severe distress levels.
Their are five separate types of childhood experience which may interfere seriously with that individual's capacity to be a parent when this time arrives. They are:1. Physical maltreatment; 2. Maternal deprivation; 3. Institutionalisation in early childhood; 4. Constant destructive criticism from a parent; 5. Premature demands for parenting behaviour.