bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential segmental analysis of the crocodilian heart
Authors: Cook Andrew C. , Tran Vi‐Hue , Spicer Diane E. , Rob Jafrin M. H. , Sridharan Shankar , Taylor Andrew , Anderson Robert H. , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDifferences between hearts of crocodilians and those of mammals and birds are only partly understood because there is no standardised approach and terminology for describing cardiac structure. Whereas most reptiles have an undivided ventricle, crocodilians have a fully septated ventricle. Their hearts, therefore, are more readily comparable with the hearts of mammals and birds. Here, we describe the heart of a crocodile (Crocodylus noliticus). We use the versatile sequential segmental approach to analysis, juxtaposing several key views of the crocodilian heart to the comparable views of human hearts. In crocodiles, the atrial and ventricular septums are complete but, unlike in placental mammals, the atrial septum is without an oval fossa. The myocardial component of the crocodilian ventricular septum dominates, but the membranous septum likely makes up a greater proportion than in any mammal. In the crocodile, the aortic trunk takes its origin from the left ventricle and is not wedged between the atrioventricular junctions. Consequently, there is a common atrioventricular junction, albeit with separate right and left atrioventricular valvar orifices. As in mammals, nonetheless, the crocodilian left atrioventricular valvar orifice is cranial to the right atrioventricular valvar orifice. By applying a method of analysis and terminology usually restricted to the human heart, we build from the considerable existing literature to show neglected and overlooked shared features, such as the offset between the left and right atrioventricular valvar orifices. Such commonalities are surprising given the substantial evolutionary divergence of the archosaur and synapsid lineages, and likely reflect evolutionarily shared morphogenetic programmes.
To the Rescue!? Brokering a Rapid, Scaled and Customized Compassionate Response to Suffering after Disaster
Authors: Williams Trenton A. , Shepherd Dean A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSuffering comes in many forms that significantly impact organizations’ operations and performance. As a result, recent research on compassion organizing seeks to explain how efforts to notice, feel, and respond to suffering create organizational (and societal) benefits. Widespread suffering can be generated by natural disasters, which in turn can trigger compassionate organizational responses. In this paper, we build on social capital theory to theorize about how compassionate ventures leverage network relationships to identify and mobilize resources. We also explore how differences in these approaches influence the magnitude, speed, and customization of the response, all of which are theorized indicators of the effectiveness of compassion organizing in alleviating suffering. We use structural equation modelling to test our model and find that compassionate ventures with stronger tiesto the localcommunity are more likely to bundle (i.e., stretch) resources, which facilitates a speedy, customized, and large magnitude response. In contrast, those with stronger tiesoutside the localcommunity are more likely to pursue (i.e., chase) new resources, which results in a large magnitude response, but one that is not associated with speed or customization. We discuss the implications of our findings and make recommendations for future research.
Efficacy of low‐level laser therapy compared to steroid therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus: A systematic review
Authors: Akram Zohaib , Abduljabbar Tariq , Vohra Fahim , Javed Fawad 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundLow‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been proposed as a potential treatment strategy for the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of LLLT, in comparison with corticosteroid therapy, in the treatment of OLP.Materials and MethodsThis systematic review aimed to address the following focused question: “Does LLLT yield better clinical outcomes than corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of OLP?” Indexed databases were searched up to and including April 2017. Clinical trials in humans diagnosed clinically and/or histologically with OLP allocated to test (LLLT) versus control (steroid therapy) groups were included.ResultsFive clinical studies were included. The risk of bias was considered high in four studies and moderate in one study. Laser wavelengths, power, spot size, and duration of laser exposure ranged between 630 and 970 nm, 10‐3000 mW, 0.2‐1.0 cm2, and 6–480 seconds, respectively. The follow‐up period ranged from 4 to 48 weeks. All included studies reporting clinical scores showed that LLLT was effective in the treatment of OLP in adult patients at follow‐up. Three studies showed significantly higher improvements with topical use of corticosteroids compared to LLLT, while one study showed significant improvement with LLLT. One study showed comparable outcomes between LLLT and corticosteroid application.ConclusionIt remains debatable whether LLLT is more effective as compared to corticosteroids in the treatment of OLP, given that the scientific evidence is weak. These findings are preliminary and further randomized clinical trials are recommended.
Impact of oral potentially malignant disorders on quality of life
Authors: Tadakamadla Jyothi , Kumar Santhosh , Lalloo Ratilal , Gandhi Babu Dara Balaji , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) could have a significant psychological impact on patients, principally because of the unknown risk of malignant transformation, while the physical and functional impairments could differ. This study aimed to assess the impact of three different OPMDs and their disease stages on the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients.MethodsOral leukoplakia (OL), oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients who were undergoing treatment at an oral medicine clinic of a dental teaching hospital in India were the study population. All subjects completed the recently developed OPMDQoL questionnaire and a short form 12 item (version 2) health survey questionnaire (SF‐12v2). OPMDQoL questionnaire consists of 20 items over four dimensions. A higher score denotes poor OHRQoL. SF‐12v2 has two components, a Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS).ResultsA total of 150 subjects (50 each of OL, OLP and OSF) participated. OL patients (37.7 ± 7.9) reported significantly better OPMDQoL scores than OLP (47.3 ± 5.8) and OSF (45.4 ± 9.2) patients. OLP patients reported significant problems in obtaining a clear diagnosis for their condition, more so than the other OPMDs. OL patients reported fewer problems for the dimension, “physical impairment and functional limitations” than the OLP and OSF patients. A significant trend was observed with the overall OPMDQoL and MCS, deteriorating as the disease stage increased.ConclusionsOLP and OSF have a significant impact on the QoL of affected individuals: OL less so. Increasing stage of the disease is associated with worsening QoL.
Acknowledging medical students’ reports of intimidation and humiliation by their teachers in hospitals
Authors: Barrett Jenny , Scott Karen M 
Published: August 2017

AimThe continuing existence of ‘teaching by humiliation’ of medical students and junior doctors in Australia has recently been highlighted in a number of research publications and media reports. This study investigates medical students’ experiences of being intimidated or humiliated during their clinical rotations in Australian hospitals in paediatrics and adult medicine.MethodsFrom factors identified in earlier research, a two‐page survey was developed for administration at two Australian medical schools. Administered in Semester 2 of 2014, students were invited to add their own free‐text comments at the conclusion of 17 closed questions. Using thematic analysis of the qualitative data, the researchers identified the common themes in the students’ free‐text comments, which are reported in this paper.ResultsWe found five main themes in the qualitative data: a spectrum of interpretations of and responses to ‘teaching by humiliation’, an accepted means of enculturating the young, teachers’ techniques for asking questions, the victims and perpetrators of mistreatment and the variance of prevalence in different contexts.ConclusionResearch shows the persistence of ‘teaching by humiliation’, even in paediatrics, particularly when doctors are questioning students in ways that shame them for their lack of knowledge. Given the many personal and professional costs of these practices, this cycle of mistreatment needs to be brought to an end. There is a need for students’ reports of intimidation and humiliation to be acknowledged; the offending practices need to be interrupted, and more effective and respectful approaches to teaching need to be adopted.
Tudor Shakespeare: Taking the Long View
Authors: Steele Brokaw Katherine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTudor literature, especially texts written between 1530 and 1580, has been understudied by scholars. But Shakespeare was born and came of age in Tudor England, and his work is influenced by the drama and politics of this period. Reading Tudor drama alongside Shakespearean drama helps us better examine the way that various ideas and dramatic techniques developed across the 16th century. Attention to Tudor drama and its relationship to Shakespeare helps us rethink scholarly periodization and the social, religious, and theatrical changes and continuities of the long 16th century.
Feasibility and acceptability of a text message intervention used as an adjunct tool by WIC breastfeeding peer counsellors: The LATCH pilot
Authors: Harari Nurit , Rosenthal Marjorie S. , Bozzi Valerie , Goeschel Lori , Jayewickreme Teshika , Onyebeke Chukwuma , Griswold Michele , Perez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBreastfeeding rates among mothers in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are lower than for other mothers in the United States. The objective of this study was to test the acceptability and feasibility of the Lactation Advice thru Texting Can Help intervention. Mothers were enrolled at 18–30 weeks gestation from two WIC breastfeeding peer counselling (PC) programmes if they intended to breastfeed and had unlimited text messaging, more than fifth‐grade literacy level, and fluency in English or Spanish. Participants were randomized to the control arm (PC support without texting) or the intervention arm (PC support with texting). The two‐way texting intervention provided breastfeeding education and support from peer counsellors. Primary outcomes included early post‐partum (PP) contact and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates at 2 weeks PP. Feasibility outcomes included text messaging engagement and mother's satisfaction with texting platform. Fifty‐eight women were enrolled, 52 of whom were available for intention‐to‐treat analysis (n = 30 texting, n = 22 control). Contact between mothers and PCs within 48 hr of delivery was greater in the texting group (86.6% vs. 27.3%, p < .001). EBF rates at 2 weeks PP among participants in the texting intervention was 50% versus 31.8% in the control arm (p = .197). Intervention group mothers tended to be more likely to meet their breastfeeding goals (p = .06). Participants were highly satisfied with the Lactation Advice thru Texting Can Help intervention, and findings suggest that it may improve early post‐delivery contact and increase EBF rates among mothers enrolled in WIC who receive PC. A large, multicentre trial is feasible and warranted.
Women's dietary diversity in rural Bangladesh: Pathways through women's empowerment
Authors: Sinharoy Sheela S. , Waid Jillian L. , Haardörfer Regine , Wendt Amanda , Gabrysch Sabine , Yount Kathryn M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe relationship between women's empowerment and women's nutrition is understudied. We aimed to elucidate this relationship by quantifying possible pathways between empowerment and dietary diversity among women in rural Bangladesh. In 2015, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 2,599 married women ages 15–40 (median: 25) living in 96 settlements of Habiganj District, Bangladesh, as a baseline for the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition trial. We collected data on women's empowerment (highest completed grade of schooling and agency), dietary diversity, and demographic factors, including household wealth. We used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis on random split‐half samples, followed by structural equation modelling, to test pathways from schooling, through domains of women's agency, to dietary diversity. Factor analysis revealed 3 latent domains of women's agency: social solidarity, decision‐making, and voice with husband. In the adjusted mediation model, having any postprimary schooling was positively associated with voice with husband (β41 = .051, p = .010), which was positively associated with dietary diversity (β54 = .39, p = .002). Schooling also had a direct positive association with women's dietary diversity (β51 = .22, p < .001). Neither women's social solidarity nor decision‐making mediated the relationship between schooling and dietary diversity. The link between schooling and dietary diversity was direct and indirect, through women's voice with husband but not through women's social solidarity or decision‐making. In this population, women with postprimary schooling seem to be better able to negotiate improved diets for themselves.
Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease
Authors: Sherwin Eoin , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere is a growing appreciation of the role of the gut microbiota in all aspects of health and disease, including brain health. Indeed, roles for the bacterial commensals in various psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as depression, autism, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, are emerging. Microbiota dysregulation has been documented in all of these conditions or in animal models thereof. Moreover, depletion or modulation of the gut microbiota can affect the severity of the central pathology or behavioral deficits observed in a variety of brain disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying such effects are only slowly being unraveled. Additionally, recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that targeting the microbiota through prebiotic, probiotic, or dietary interventions may be an effective “psychobiotic” strategy for treating symptoms in mood, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Functional indexes of reactive cognitive control: ERPs in cued go/no‐go tasks
Authors: Kropotov Juri D. , Ponomarev Valery A. , Pronina Marina , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe aimed to determine the functional meaning of latent (hidden) components decomposed from ERPs, in the context of a go/no‐go paradigm. To accomplish this, we used a new group blind source separation method, based on joint diagonalization of covariance matrices of ERPs. Four variants of a frequently used go/no‐go paradigm were designed, in which operations of reactive cognitive control, such as conflict detection and action inhibition, were independently manipulated. The results showed that a latent component, generated in the anterior cingulate cortex, induced N2/P3 fluctuation only in conditions in which the prepotent model was violated, and thus can be associated with conflict detection operations. In contrast, the two latent components generated in the vicinity of the central sulcus induced P3‐like fluctuations in conditions in which the prepared action was suppressed, and thus can be associated with action inhibition operations. The advantages and limitations of the new blind source separation method in relation to ERP research are also discussed.
Examining identity development among gay men of color
Authors: Han Chong‐suk 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWithin the past few decades, there has been an explosion of articles examining “gay identity.” Yet, much of this work continues to center on the experiences of gay White men or fail to adequately examine the process of identity development, even when “identity” is central to the discussion. This review outlines 4 theoretical perspectives used to explore gay men of color and identity development. Taken together, these 4 perspectives can offer a rich opportunity to explore the ways that gay men of color come to develop an identity that simultaneously addresses their racial and sexual identities. I argue that examining identity development among gay men of color can help sociology better understand the identity process and provide new insights into examining intersectionality by demonstrating that identities are not only intersectional but also contextual.
Immunodominance of Adenovirus-Derived CD8
+
T Cell Epitopes Interferes with the Induction of Transgene-Specific Immunity in Adenovirus-Based Immunization
Authors: Schöne Dominik , Hrycak Camilla Patrizia , Windmann Sonja , Lapuente Dennis , Dittmer Ulf , Tenbusch Matthias , Bayer Wibke 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Adenovirus (Ad)-based immunization is a popular approach in vaccine development, and Ad-based vectors are renowned for their potential to induce strong CD8
+
T cell responses to the encoded transgene. Surprisingly, we previously found in the mouse Friend retrovirus (FV) model that Ad-based immunization did not induce CD8
+
T cell responses to the FV Leader-Gag-derived immunodominant epitope GagL
85–93
. We show now that induction of GagL
85–93
-specific CD8
+
T cells was highly effective when leader-Gag was delivered by plasmid DNA immunization, implying a role for Ad-derived epitopes in mediating unresponsiveness. By immunizing with DNA constructs encoding strings of GagL
85–93
and the two Ad-derived epitopes DNA-binding protein
418–426
(DBP
418–426
) and hexon
486–494
, we confirmed that Ad epitopes prevent induction of GagL
85–93
-specific CD8
+
T cells. Interestingly, while DBP
418–426
did not interfere with GagL
85–93
-specific CD8
+
T cell induction, the H-2D
d
-restricted hexon
486–494
suppressed the CD8
+
T cell response to the H-2D
b
-restricted GagL
85–93
strongly in H-2
b/d
mice but not in H-2
b/b
mice. This finding indicates that competition occurs at the level of responding CD8
+
T cells, and we could indeed demonstrate that coimmunization with an interleukin 2 (IL-2)-encoding plasmid restored GagL
85–93
-specific CD8
+
T cell responses to epitope strings in the presence of hexon
486–494
. IL-2 codelivery did not restore GagL
85–93
responsiveness in Ad-based immunization, however, likely due to the presence of further epitopes in the Ad vector. Our findings show that seemingly immunodominant transgene epitopes can be dominated by Ad-derived epitopes. These findings underline the importance of thorough characterization of vaccine vectors, and modifications of vectors or immunogens may be required to prevent impaired transgene-specific immune responses.

IMPORTANCE
Ad-based vectors are widely used in experimental preclinical and clinical immunization studies against numerous infectious agents, such as human immunodeficiency virus, Ebola virus,
Plasmodium falciparum
, or
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Preexisting immunity to Ad-based vectors is widely recognized as a hindrance to the widespread use of Ad-based vectors for immunizations in humans; however, our data show that an immune response to Ad-derived T cell epitopes can also result in loss or impairment of transgene-specific immune responses in prenaive vaccinees due to immune competition. Our results highlight that seemingly immunodominant epitopes may be affected by dominance of vector-derived epitopes, and modifications of the vector design or the immunogens employed in immunization may lead to more effective vaccines.
RIP-Seq Suggests Translational Regulation by L7Ae in
Archaea
Authors: Daume Michael , Uhl Michael , Backofen Rolf , Randau Lennart 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

L7Ae is a universal archaeal protein that recognizes and stabilizes kink-turn (k-turn) motifs in RNA substrates. These structural motifs are widespread in nature and are found in many functional RNA species, including ribosomal RNAs. Synthetic biology approaches utilize L7Ae/k-turn interactions to control gene expression in eukaryotes. Here, we present results of comprehensive RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-Seq) analysis of genomically tagged L7Ae from the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
. A large set of interacting noncoding RNAs was identified. In addition, several mRNAs, including the
l7ae
transcript, were found to contain k-turn motifs that facilitate L7Ae binding.
In vivo
studies showed that L7Ae autoregulates the translation of its mRNA by binding to a k-turn motif present in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR). A green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter system was established in
Escherichia coli
and verified conservation of L7Ae-mediated feedback regulation in
Archaea
. Mobility shift assays confirmed binding to a k-turn in the transcript of
nop5-fibrillarin
, suggesting that the expression of all C/D box sRNP core proteins is regulated by L7Ae. These studies revealed that L7Ae-mediated gene regulation evolved in archaeal organisms, generating new tools for the modulation of synthetic gene circuits in bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
L7Ae is an essential archaeal protein that is known to structure ribosomal RNAs and small RNAs (sRNAs) by binding to their kink-turn motifs. Here, we utilized RIP-Seq methodology to achieve a first global analysis of RNA substrates for L7Ae. Several novel interactions with noncoding RNA molecules (e.g., with the universal signal recognition particle RNA) were discovered. In addition, L7Ae was found to bind to mRNAs, including its own transcript’s 5′ untranslated region. This feedback-loop control is conserved in most archaea and was incorporated into a reporter system that was utilized to control gene expression in bacteria. These results demonstrate that L7Ae-mediated gene regulation evolved originally in archaeal organisms. The feedback-controlled reporter gene system can easily be adapted for synthetic biology approaches that require strict gene expression control.