bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory Experiences as Cryptic Symbols of a Multimodal User Interface
Authors: Hoffman Donald D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
According to current theories of perception, our visual experiences match or approximate the true properties of an objective physical world. Ecological optics claims this match is direct, unmediated by psychological or computational processes. Computational theories claim that this match is indirect, the result of sophisticated algorithms that instantiate, e.g., the inferential methods of Bayesian estimation. The assumption of all of these theories that there is an objective, i.e., mind independent, physical world has proved incapable, so far, of yielding a scientific theory for the mind-body problem, a scientific theory of the relationship between conscious experiences and the brain. Therefore I explore, instead, the pos-sibility that sensory experiences constitute a multimodal user interface (MuI) between the perceiver and an objective world, an interface useful precisely because it does not match, approximate, or resemble that world. I also explore conscious realism, the ontological claim that the objective world itself is comprised entirely of conscious agents. Together, MUI theory and conscious realism provide a straightforward solution to the mind-body problem, and entail epiphysicalism: physical objects, such as quarks and brains and stars, are constructed by conscious agents, but such physical objects have no causal powers.
Subliminal Afterimages Via Ocular Delayed Luminescence: Transsaccade Stability of the Visual Perception and Color Illusion
Authors: Bókkon István , Vimal Ram L. P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Here, we suggest the existence and possible roles of evanescent nonconscious afterimages in visual saccades and color illusions during normal vision. These suggested functions of subliminal afterimages are based on our previous papers (i) (Bókkon, Vimal et al. 2011, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B) related to visible light induced ocular delayed bioluminescence as a possible origin of negative afterimage and (ii) Wang, Bókkon et al. (Brain Res. 2011)’s experiments that proved the existence of spontaneous and visible light induced delayed ultraweak photon emission from in vitro freshly isolated rat’s whole eye, lens, vitreous humor and retina. We also argue about the existence of rich detailed, subliminal visual short-term memory across saccades in early retinotopic areas. We conclude that if we want to understand the complex visual processes, mere electrical processes are hardly enough for explanations; for that we have to consider the natural photobiophysical processes as elaborated in this article.
Cognitive Distortions During Law Enforcement Shooting
Authors: Novy Marek 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNine systematic studies examining law enforcement reactions during shooting accidents have been published. The research shows that during critical incidents the substantial majority of officers experience specific perceptual distortions. Most commonly experienced distortions are visual or aural. Most frequently reported visual distortion is a tunnel vision, which was present in roughly half of the cases. Altered subjective perception of time was found in all studies researching that problem. Distorted memory and dissociation was reported in more forms in particular studies. All studies used very similar methodology where most of the studies used mailed surveys or questionnaires. The sample size of systematic studies examining law enforcement reactions during the shootings is in majority of studies relatively small up to hundred subjects. All the published studies are on descriptive levels and are not connected with theoretical background. Other studies researched dissociation during critical law enforcement incidents. Future ways of cognitive distortions during the research of shooting incidents are discussed.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients with Special Reference to Age of Onset, Duration and Control of Diabetes
Authors: Mukherjee Priyam , Mazumdar Srijan , Goswami Soumik , Bhowmik Jayeeta , Chakroborty Subhro , Mukhopadhyay Sumanto , Jana Subhendu , Chakraborty Amal , Pal Sandip , Das Shyamal K. , Mukhopadhyay Jotideb 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Aims of this study was to determine the relationship between diabetes and cognitive impairment is respect of the age of onset and duration of diabetes, other complication of diabetes mellitus and effect of short term glycemic control on cognitive impairment. In the clinical study 50 diabetic patients were examined clinically for evidence of cognitive dysfunction by “Kolkata Cognitive Screening Battery”. The scores were compared with the normative data on global cognitive functioning in a population within an urban Indian context. Those having cognitive impairment, follow up was done for six months with adequate anti-diabetic drugs to control their blood sugar strictly (HbA1C <7%). Those who had adequate blood sugar control were again interviewed similarly. The scores were compared with previous values. Results show that cognitive dysfunction was associated with diabetes. Recognition, fluency and immediate memory were most commonly affected. Calculation was least affected. No significant correlation found between cognitive decline with either duration or age of onset of diabetes. The cognitive decline appeared to be reversible as improvement of some mental faculties after strict blood sugar control. In conclusion we have found that cognitive decline was associated with diabetes but not directly related to the duration and age of onset of diabetes. On the other hand, control of diabetes lead to improvement of cognitive function.
Specific Phobia: Flight
Authors: Laker Matthew 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The practice of air travel holds a unique place in modern human life. With the continually shrinking and interconnected world, full global mobility becomes increasingly important for a fully functional life for continually increasing numbers of people. However, while prevalence estimates vary it is undeniable that the fear of flying affects a very large number of people with consequences that are personal, professional, and aggregate economical. Although effective treatments do exist, the disorder’s high prevalence in both clinical and sub-clinical forms, “diagnostic trickiness”, and requirement for time consuming treatments make the disorder Aviophobia a continuing challenge.
Hostility and Anger in Patients Dependent on Different Psychoactive Drugs
Authors: Ilyuk Ruslan D. , Gromyco Dmitry I. , Kiselev Alexei S. , Torban Mikhail N. , Krupitsky Evgeny M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We assessed 311 participants with dependence on opioids, stimulants, alcohol, polysubstance dependence, and a control group with no dependence using clinical structured interview, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Our study results demonstrated that in all groups of dependent participants anger, verbal, physical and indirect aggression are significantly higher than in control group. We found that severity and forms of aggressive behaviour in dependent patients are correlated with the type of substance abused; aggressive behaviour appeared to be correlated with the characteristics of anger. Higher level of aggressiveness, anger and irritation were in groups of polysubstance and stimulant abusers. We also found specific predictors of anger and aggression for groups of subjects dependent on different drugs.
The Mystery Known as Depression
Authors: Janov Arthur 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis opinion article presents the result of years of observation of depressive patients. It is a report on their treatment while undergoing a feeling therapy that deals with reliving past imprinted trauma in context of new research in neurology and biology. The underlying premise is that early traumatic events, including the time in the womb and at birth, leave an imprint aided by epigenetic methylation that endures and comes to dominate our lives. It later accounts for serious ailments and the imprint plays a role in our behavior, interests and attitudes. Through a feeling psychotherapy that allows patients to relive their traumatic history might be possible to found a way to make profound changes in depression.
Are Educated Better in Cognition than Their Ancestors? An Indian Flynn Effect Study
Authors: Nehra Ashima , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Kaur Harsimarpreet , Chopra Sakshi , Bajpai Swati 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Flynn Effect (FE) deals with the issue of how the general scores of a population change over time. The existing cognitive test was developed in 1976 and since then there have been a lot of modernization and technological changes in the country. Hence, the objective was to study the possible FE with respect to cognition in the country. A sample of 142 people was assessed in 1976 to make norms on Post Graduate Institute- Memory Scale (PGI-MS). To compare these results the present study included 140 consenting subjects in 2013 almost in the forth decade after the first study. PGIMS is an original and one of the most popular tests of cognition in India, developed by Dwarka Pershad & N.N.Wig. It measures the cognitive ability, even with the illiterate population. Comparison of the age related norms (1976 and 2013) after 37 years shows that there was FE seen in the age group 20–29 years in the domains of attention and concentration (p=0.04), delayed recall (p=0.001) and recognition (p=0.05). 30–39 years age group also shows the evidence of FE in retention for dissimilar pairs i.e. ability for new learning ability (p=0.001). Finally, in the age group of 40–49 years there was FE seen in immediate recall (p=0.0007) and retention for similar pairs i.e. ability for simple memory (p=0.01). Whereas there was no FE seen in ages between 50–69 years i.e. amongst the senior citizens. Results show there is a shift in the cognition to a higher continuum. The conclusions made on the cognitive abilities for persons between 20 to 49 years, on the bases of age old norms, is an underestimate of their present abilities. On the basis of this study it can be inferred that, there is a change in cognitive abilities over generations, as Flynn (2012) stated, human beings are not getting smarter they are just being more modern. Hence, there is a need to revise the available norms of the test, across all the ages and education level, for assessing the cognitive functioning to make them more valid and reliable for clinical and research purposes.
Deep Brain Stimulation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Kuhn Jens , Bodatsch Mitja , Sturm Volker , Lenartz Doris , Klosterkötter Joachim , Uhlhaas Peter J. , Winter Christine , Gruendler Theo O. J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has successfully advanced treatment options of putative therapy-resistant neuropsychiatric diseases. Building on this strong foundation more and more mental disorders in the stadium of therapy-resistance are considered as possible indications for DBS. Especially schizophrenia with its associated severe and difficult to treat symptoms is gaining attention. This attention demands critical questions regarding the assumed mechanisms of DBS and its possible influence on the supposed pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here we synoptically compare current approaches and theories of DBS and discuss the feasibility of DBS in schizophrenia as well as the transferability from other psychiatric disorders successfully treated with DBS. For this we consider recent advances in animal models of schizophrenic symptoms, results regarding the influence of DBS on dopaminergic transmission as well as data concerning neural oscillation and synchronization. In conclusion the use of DBS for some symptoms of schizophrenia seems to be a promising approach, but the lack of a comprehensive theory of the mechanisms of DBS as well as its impact on schizophrenia might void the use of DBS in schizophrenia at this point.
Telomeres in the Brain Cortex of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Teyssier Jean-Raymond , Ragot Sylviane , Donzel Anne , Chauvet-Gelinier Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Telomeres are complex structures formed by the end of the DNA molecule at the tip of each chromosomal arm. The repeated (TTAGGG) telomeric sequence progressively shortens during lifespan because it cannot be replicated as somatic cells divide, and is highly susceptible to breakage by free radicals. Critically shortened telomeres activate the genetic program of cell senescence and/or apoptosis. The telomere length measured in peripheral blood leucocytes is considered a reliable marker of biological age, mortality risk and exposure to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, and metabolic syndrome. Telomere erosion has been observed in psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and mood disorders, suggesting an accelerated aging of 10 to 20 years. Whether this peripheral dynamic is reflected by a similar pattern in the brain remains unknown. To address this issue we have measured the telomere length in the occipital DNA cortex of 24 patients with major depressive disorder and 12 controls (donated by the Stanley Research Institute) by a real time quantitative PCR technique. The mean telomere lengths were identical in the depressed and control groups. Thus, although there is consistent evidence for the role of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in depression, it must be concluded that the cerebral status of telomeres is not affected. This observation raises the issue of the relation between the psychiatric pathological process, and peripheral and central biomarkers.
Knowledge, Science and Death: The Theory of Brain-Sign
Authors: Clapson Philip 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn today’s paradigmatic climate, the possibility of knowledge, and therefore science, still depends upon our being conscious. However, no scientifically accepted account of consciousness exists. In recent years I have developed the theory of brain-sign which replaces consciousness as a wholly physical neural condition. The first tenet is that the brain is a causal organ, not a knowledge organ. The second is that brain-sign, used in inter-neural communication for uncertain or imprecise collective action, derives at each moment from the causal orientation of the brain. Signs are ubiquitous bio-physical entities. Thus there is no problematic dualism, consciousness and world. We now have two accounts of the brain phenomenon. The first (consciousness) is an inexplicable physical anomaly. The second (brain-sign) belongs in the physical universe, and fulfils a crucial neurobiological function. With brain-sign theory we even ‘discover’ that we do not know we are alive or will die.
Behavioral Attitudes in Different Cultures: Russian-Speaking New Comers vs. Native Israel Citizens
Authors: Rotenberg Vadim S. , Gurwitz Paul , Cholostoy Alexander 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGroups of Russian-speaking and native Israel citizens (adults and adolescents) were compared according to their behavioral attitudes by using the BASE test— a projective questionnaire for the estimation of behavioral attitudes (search activity, stereotyped activity, chaotic activity and renunciation of search). Native citizens, girls and adult women, displayed a lower level of stereotyped activity and a higher level of chaotic activity in comparison to their Russian-speaking peers. The ratio between search activity and stereotyped activity was higher in native citizens. Authors propose that the difference between groups is determined by the difference in the traditions of growing up in Israel and in former USSR: the conditions for growing up are more free and with less pressure and requirements towards children in Israel. It can decrease an attitude towards the stereotyped behavior and increase not only the tendency towards search activity but also toward chaotic activity thus increasing the longevity of maturation.
Strategies for enhancing research in aging health disparities by mentoring diverse investigators
Authors: Harawa Nina T. , Manson Spero M. , Mangione Carol M. , Penner Louis A. , Norris Keith C. , DeCarli Charles , Scarinci Isabel C. , Zissimopoulos Julie , Buchwald Dedra S. , Hinton Ladson , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionThe Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) program was launched in 1997. Its goal is to build infrastructure to improve the well-being of older racial/ethnic minorities by identifying mechanisms to reduce health disparities.MethodsIts primary objectives are to mentor faculty in research addressing the health of minority elders and to enhance the diversity of the workforce that conducts elder health research by prioritizing the mentorship of underrepresented diverse scholars.ResultsThrough 2015, 12 centers received RCMAR awards and provided pilot research funding and mentorship to 361 scholars, 70% of whom were from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups. A large majority (85%) of RCMAR scholars from longstanding centers continue in academic research. Another 5% address aging and other health disparities through nonacademic research and leadership roles in public health agencies.ConclusionsLongitudinal, team-based mentoring, cross-center scholar engagement, and community involvement in scholar development are important contributors to RCMAR’s success.
‘Don’t mess with my company’: An exploratory study of commitment profiles before and after dramatic external events
Authors: Arciniega Luis M. , Allen Natalie J. , González Luis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis panel study, conducted in a large Venezuelan organization, took advantage of a serendipitous opportunity to examine the organizational commitment profiles of employeesbeforeandaftera series of dramatic, and unexpected, political events directed specifically at the organization. Two waves of organizational commitment data were collected, 6 months apart, from a sample of 152 employees. No evidence was found that employees’ continuance commitment to the organization was altered by the events described here. Interestingly, however, both affective and normative commitment increased significantly during the period of the study. Further, employee’s commitment profiles at Wave 2 were more differentiated than they were at Wave 1.
Mediation pathways and effects of green structures on respiratory mortality via reducing air pollution
Authors: Shen Yu-Sheng , Lung Shih-Chun Candice 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have shown both health and environmental benefits of green spaces, especially in moderating temperature and reducing air pollution. However, the characteristics of green structures have been overlooked in previous investigations. In addition, the mediation effects of green structures on respiratory mortality have not been assessed. This study explores the potential mediation pathways and effects of green structure characteristics on respiratory mortality through temperature, primary and secondary air pollutants separately using partial least squares model with data from Taiwan. The measurable characteristics of green structure include the largest patch percentage, landscape proportion, aggregation, patch distance, and fragmentation. The results showed that mortality of pneumonia and chronic lower respiratory diseases could be reduced by minimizing fragmentation and increasing the largest patch percentage of green structure, and the mediation effects are mostly through reducing air pollutants rather than temperature. Moreover, a high proportion of but fragmented green spaces would increase secondary air pollutants and enhance health risks; demonstrating the deficiency of traditional greening policy with primary focus on coverage ratio. This is the first research focusing on mediation effects of green structure characteristics on respiratory mortality, revealing that appropriate green structure planning can be a useful complementary strategy in environmental health management.
The Integration of Color-Selective Mechanisms in Symmetry Detection
Authors: Wu Chia-Ching , Chen Chien-Chung 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe studied how the visual system detects multicolor symmetric patterns by manipulating the number of colors in an image in both isoluminance and luminance conditions. With a two-interval forced choice noise masking paradigm, we presented a noise mask in both intervals of each trial. A vertically symmetric target was randomly presented in one interval while a noise control was presented in the other. The task of the observers was to determine which interval contained the target. The target detection threshold was measured at various noise mask densities, which was found to decrease 1.4- to 2.5-fold as the number of colors in the image went up at median to high noise densities across different conditions. In addition, this color facilitation effect was greater in luminance conditions than in isoluminance conditions. Our data cannot be explained by the probability summation theory or simple signal-to-noise ratio. We therefore propose a computational model that incorporates a linear chromatic symmetry register, a nonlinear transducer response, noise manipulation and a multiple channel decision making process. This model suggests that the increment of the number of colors reduces the interference to the symmetry channels produced by noise, and in turn facilitates symmetry detection.
Modeling Continuous Admixture Using Admixture-Induced Linkage Disequilibrium
Authors: Zhou Ying , Qiu Hongxiang , Xu Shuhua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecent migrations and inter-ethnic mating of long isolated populations have resulted in genetically admixed populations. To understand the complex population admixture process, which is critical to both evolutionary and medical studies, here we used admixture induced linkage disequilibrium (LD) to infer continuous admixture events, which is common for most existing admixed populations. Unlike previous studies, we expanded the typical continuous admixture model to a more general scenario with isolation after a certain duration of continuous gene flow. Based on the new models, we developed a method, CAMer, to infer the admixture history considering continuous and complex demographic process of gene flow between populations. We evaluated the performance of CAMer by computer simulation and further applied our method to real data analysis of a few well-known admixed populations.
A novel role for methyl cysteinate, a cysteine derivative, in cesium accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Adams Eri , Miyazaki Takae , Hayaishi-Satoh Aya , Han Minwoo , Kusano Miyako , Khandelia Himanshu , Saito Kazuki , Shin Ryoung 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhytoaccumulation is a technique to extract metals from soil utilising ability of plants. Cesium is a valuable metal while radioactive isotopes of cesium can be hazardous. In order to establish a more efficient phytoaccumulation system, small molecules which promote plants to accumulate cesium were investigated. Through chemical library screening, 14 chemicals were isolated as ‘cesium accumulators’ in Arabidopsis thaliana. Of those, methyl cysteinate, a derivative of cysteine, was found to function within the plant to accumulate externally supplemented cesium. Moreover, metabolite profiling demonstrated that cesium treatment increased cysteine levels in Arabidopsis. The cesium accumulation effect was not observed for other cysteine derivatives or amino acids on the cysteine metabolic pathway tested. Our results suggest that methyl cysteinate, potentially metabolised from cysteine, binds with cesium on the surface of the roots or inside plant cells and improve phytoaccumulation.