bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvianolic Acid B Inhibits High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Inflammation by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Wang Bin , Sun Jin , Shi Yonghui , Le Guowei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSalvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a major water‐soluble bioactive component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is a traditional Chinese medicine. We investigated the ways in which Sal B affects high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced immunological function disorder remission using a C57BL/6 mouse model. We gave groups of C57BL/6 mice a normal diet (Control), a normal diet supplemented with Sal B (Control + Sal B), a high‐fat diet (HF), and a high‐fat diet supplemented with Sal B (HF + Sal B) for 10 wk. Sal B supplementation decreased the body weight and plasma lipids, increased the fecal excretion of lipids, prevented the accumulation of chronic oxidative stress, and reversed the disproportionality of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to HFD. We found an increase in IL‐6 and TNF‐α, while IL‐10 decreased in plasma after the HFD and Sal B reversed the deregulation of the Thl/Th2 ratio. In addition, HFD‐induced inflammation was stopped by Sal B through the downregulation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and inducible NO synthesis (iNOS), and the upregulation of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐regulated genes. These findings demonstrated that Sal B could effectively attenuate inflammation by activating the Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant defense system.
Enrichment of Bread with Nutraceutical‐Rich Mushrooms: Impact of Auricularia auricula (Mushroom) Flour Upon Quality Attributes of Wheat Dough and Bread
Authors: Yuan Biao , Zhao Liyan , Yang Wenjian , McClements David Julian , Hu Qiuhui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEdible mushrooms contain a variety of bioactive molecules that may enhance human health and wellbeing. Consequently, there is increasing interest in fortifying functional foods with these nutraceutical‐rich substances. However, incorporation of mushroom‐based ingredients into foods should not adversely affect the quality attributes of the final product. In this study, the impact of incorporating powdered Auricularia auricula, a widely consumed edible mushroom, into bread products was examined. The rheological and structural properties of wheat dough and bread supplemented with 0% to 10% (w/w) A. auricula flour were measured. Supplementation of wheat doughs with A. auricula flour increased the peak viscosity and enhanced their water holding capacity. Rapid viscosity analysis showed that peak and final viscosities of the blended flour (wheat flour with A. auricula flour) were higher than wheat flour alone. However, dough stability and elastic modulus were reduced by blending wheat flour with A. auricula flour. SEM observation showed that doughs with up to 5% (w/w) A. auricula flour had acceptable gluten network microstructure. Characterization of the quality attributes of bread indicated that incorporation of A. auricula flour at levels >5% negatively impacted bread volume, height, texture, and appearance.
Expert Perceptions of Approaches to Protecting Isolated Wetlands in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Floress Kristin , Kolozsvary Mary Beth , Mangun Jean 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article, we describe how protecting vernal pools was discussed by experts in the northeastern United States (U.S) within the context of a theoretical policy framework. We offer insight about characteristics of feasible vernal pool policy solutions, and identify gaps in our understanding, particularly regarding conditions in states currently lacking specific vernal pool protections. Vernal pools are geographically isolated, intermittent wetlands that provide important habitat for a variety of plants and animals. Many may not be federally protected as a result of judicial decisions over the past two decades, and the rule intended to clarify what qualifies for federal protection is currently being reviewed by the courts. Thus, state or local policy approaches may be alternatives to conserving vernal pools. We interviewed vernal pool experts in the northeastern U.S. regarding approaches to vernal pool protection and analyzed their perceptions through the lens of Kingdon's () multiple streams policy development framework. The framework denotes 13 characteristics of three processes associated with policy development: problem identification, policy solution development, and the impacts of politics. While analyzed for all 13 components, we found participants most often discussed feasibility of policy formulation and implementation, particularly with regard to protecting vernal pools of high value while also remaining within the bounds of what public opinion supports.
Risk factors and outcome of Thai patients with scleroderma renal crisis: a disease duration‐matched case control study
Authors: Wangkaew Suparaporn , Lertthanaphok Supawita , Puntana Saowanee , Noppakun Kajohnsak 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionData regarding the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) in Asian patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are limited.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of SRC in Thai SSc patients.MethodMedical records of all SSc patients seen at the Division of Rheumatology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, from January 1990 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. For each SRC case, a disease duration (±1 year) matched control (four SSc patient without SRC for each SRC patient) was identified.ResultOf 608 SSc patients seen during the study period, 19 SRC cases were identified, resulting in an SRC prevalence of 3.13%, with 76 matched controls. Of the 19 cases, mean ± SD age and median (interquartile range 1–3) disease duration was 56.2 ± 13.8 years and 5 (3–22) months, respectively. Seventeen patients (89.5%) had diffuse cutaneous SSc. Twelve patients (63.2%) had hypertensive renal crisis and seven (36.8%) had normotensive renal crisis. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses showed that digital gangrene (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] 31.41, 95% CI = 1.16–852.23, P = 0.041), current prednisolone dose ≥ 15 mg/day (AOR 31.22, 95% CI = 1.59–613.85, P = 0.024), serum albumin < 3 mg/dL (AOR 7.97, 95% CI = 1.49–42.56, P = 0.015), and cardiac involvement (AOR = 6.62, 95% CI = 1.08–40.63, P = 0.041) were independent risk factors for SRC. Fifteen SRC patients (78.9%) required dialysis and 10 (52.6%) died.ConclusionSRC was an uncommon complication in Thai patients with SSc, but is associated with high mortality. Digital gangrene, current prednisolone dose ≥ 15 mg/day, serum albumin < 3 mg/dL and cardiac involvement were independent risk factors for SRC.
HMGA2 regulates lung cancer proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Gao Xiaotian , Dai Ming , Li Qinglan , Wang Zhigang , Lu Yonglin , Song Zeqing 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the effects of HMGA2 on cell proliferation and metastases in lung cancer and its underlying mechanism.Methods
HMGA2 expression in lung cancer tissues and its association with overall survival were analyzed based on data from a public database. The roles of HMGA2 were validated via loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function experiments in vitro. HMGA2 regulation by microRNA‐195 (miR‐195) was validated by real time‐PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assays.Results
HMGA2 was upregulated and associated with reduced overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. HMGA2 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and motility of H1299 cells, while HMGA2 ectopic expression in A549 cells increased cell proliferation and migration. HMGA2 affected cell apoptosis through caspase 3/9 and Bcl‐2, and regulated epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by targeting Twist 1. Moreover, miR‐195 was found to directly target the 3′ untranslated region of HMGA2 messenger RNA and suppress its expression in lung cancer.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that HMGA2, regulated by miR‐195, played important roles in proliferation, metastases, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. HMGA2 might serve as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
Dermoscopy of lymphangioma circumscriptum: A morphological study of 45 cases
Authors: Zaballos Pedro , del Pozo Luis Javier , Argenziano Giuseppe , Karaarslan Isil K , Landi Christian , Vera Angel , Llambrich Alex , Medina Carolina , Bañuls Jose 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe dermoscopy of lymphangioma circumscriptum, also known as superficial lymphatic malformation, remains to be clarified.MethodsDigital dermoscopic images of 45 histopathologically confirmed cases of lymphangioma circumscriptum collected from nine hospitals in Spain, Italy and Turkey were evaluated for the presence of dermoscopic structures and patterns.ResultsOur study shows that the most common structure found in lymphangioma circumscriptum was the presence of lacunae (89% of cases). The latter were red or dark‐coloured in 18 cases (45%), yellowish or whitish in 14 cases (35%) and multicoloured in eight cases (20%). The second most common dermoscopic structure was the presence of vascular structures, which were found in 82% of cases, followed by white lines (47%), the hypopyon sign or two‐tone lacunae (42%) and scales (7%).ConclusionsDermoscopy is useful in improving the diagnosis of lymphangioma circumscriptum with characteristic structures and patterns and could assist in elucidating the presence of blood in lymphatic channels.
EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Hymenoptera venom allergy
Authors: Sturm G. J. , Varga E.‐M. , Roberts G. , Mosbech H. , Bilò M. B. , Akdis C. A. , Antolín‐Amérigo D. , Cichocka‐Jarosz E. , Gawlik R. , Jakob T. , Kosnik M. , Lange J. , Mingomataj E. , Mitsias D. I. , Ollert M. , Oude Elberink J. N. G. , Pfaar O. , Pitsios C. , Pravettoni V. , Ruëff F. , Sin B. A. , Agache I. , Angier E. , Arasi S. , Calderón M. A. , Fernandez‐Rivas M. , Halken S. , Jutel M. , Lau S. , Pajno G. B. , van Ree R. , Ryan D. , Spranger O. , van Wijk R. G. , Dhami S. , Zaman H. , Sheikh A. , Muraro A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHymenoptera venom allergy is a potentially life‐threatening allergic reaction following a honeybee, vespid, or ant sting. Systemic‐allergic sting reactions have been reported in up to 7.5% of adults and up to 3.4% of children. They can be mild and restricted to the skin or moderate to severe with a risk of life‐threatening anaphylaxis. Patients should carry an emergency kit containing an adrenaline autoinjector, H1‐antihistamines, and corticosteroids depending on the severity of their previous sting reaction(s). The only treatment to prevent further systemic sting reactions is venom immunotherapy. This guideline has been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Taskforce on Venom Immunotherapy as part of the EAACI Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy initiative. The guideline aims to provide evidence‐based recommendations for the use of venom immunotherapy, has been informed by a formal systematic review and meta‐analysis and produced using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) approach. The process included representation from a range of stakeholders. Venom immunotherapy is indicated in venom‐allergic children and adults to prevent further moderate‐to‐severe systemic sting reactions. Venom immunotherapy is also recommended in adults with only generalized skin reactions as it results in significant improvements in quality of life compared to carrying an adrenaline autoinjector. This guideline aims to give practical advice on performing venom immunotherapy. Key sections cover general considerations before initiating venom immunotherapy, evidence‐based clinical recommendations, risk factors for adverse events and for relapse of systemic sting reaction, and a summary of gaps in the evidence.
Comparative analyses of basal rate of metabolism in mammals: data selection does matter
Authors: Genoud Michel , Isler Karin , Martin Robert D. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBasal rate of metabolism (BMR) is a physiological parameter that should be measured under strictly defined experimental conditions. In comparative analyses among mammalsBMRis widely used as an index of the intensity of the metabolic machinery or as a proxy for energy expenditure. Many databases withBMRvalues for mammals are available, but the criteria used to select metabolic data asBMRestimates have often varied and the potential effect of this variability has rarely been questioned. We provide a new, expandedBMRdatabase reflecting compliance with standard criteria (resting, postabsorptive state; thermal neutrality; adult, non‐reproductive status for females) and examine potential effects of differential selectivity on the results of comparative analyses. The database includes 1739 different entries for 817 species of mammals, compiled from the original sources. It provides information permitting assessment of the validity of each estimate and presents the value closest to a properBMRfor each entry. Using different selection criteria, several alternative data sets were extracted and used in comparative analyses of (i) the scaling ofBMRto body mass and (ii) the relationship between brain mass andBMR. It was expected that results would be especially dependent on selection criteria with small sample sizes and with relatively weak relationships. Phylogenetically informed regression (phylogenetic generalized least squares,PGLS) was applied to the alternative data sets for several different clades (Mammalia,Eutheria,Metatheria, or individual orders). ForMammalia, a ‘subsampling procedure’ was also applied, in which random subsamples of different sample sizes were taken from each original data set and successively analysed. In each case, two data sets with identical sample size and species, but comprisingBMRdata with different degrees of reliability, were compared. Selection criteria had minor effects on scaling equations computed for large clades (Mammalia,Eutheria,Metatheria), although less‐reliable estimates ofBMRwere generally about 12–20% larger than more‐reliable ones. Larger effects were found with more‐limited clades, such as sciuromorph rodents. For the relationship betweenBMRand brain mass the results of comparative analyses were found to depend strongly on the data set used, especially with more‐limited, order‐level clades. In fact, with small sample sizes (e.g. <100) results often appeared erratic. Subsampling revealed that sample size has a non‐linear effect on the probability of a zero slope for a given relationship. Depending on the species included, results could differ dramatically, especially with small sample sizes. Overall, our findings indicate a need for due diligence when selectingBMRestimates and caution regarding results (even if seemingly significant) with small sample sizes.
Behaviour of 4‐ to 5‐year‐old nondisabled ELBW children: Outcomes following group‐based physiotherapy intervention
Authors: Brown L. , Burns Y. R. , Watter P. , Gray P. H. , Gibbons K. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundExtreme prematurity or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) can adversely affect behaviour. Nondisabled ELBW children are at risk of behavioural problems, which may become a particular concern after commencement of formal education. This study explored the frequency of behavioural and emotional problems amongst nondisabled ELBW children at 4 to 5 years of age and whether intervention had a positive influence on behaviour. The relationship between behaviour, gender, and other areas of performance at 5 years was explored.MethodsFifty 4‐year‐old children (born <28 weeks gestation or birth weight <1,000 g) with minimal/mild motor impairment were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 24) or standard care (n = 26). Intervention was 6 group‐based physiotherapy weekly sessions and home programme. Standard care was best practice advice. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for preschool children was completed at baseline and at 1‐year post‐baseline. Other measures at follow‐up included Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition, Beery Visual‐Motor Integration Test 5th Edition, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test 4th Edition.ResultsThe whole cohort improved on CBCL total problems score between baseline (mean 50.0, SD 11.1) and 1‐year follow‐up (mean 45.2, SD 10.3), p = .004. There were no significant differences between groups over time on CBCL internalizing, externalizing, or total problems scores. The intervention group showed a mean difference in total problems score of −3.8 (CI [1.5, 9.1]) between times, with standard care group values being −4.4 (CI [1.6, 7.1]). Males had higher total problems scores than females (p = .026), although still performed within the “normal” range. CBCL scores did not correlate with other scores.ConclusionsThe behaviour of nondisabled ELBW children was within the “normal” range at 4 to 5 years, and both intervention and standard care may have contributed to improved behavioural outcomes. Behaviour was not related to performance in other developmental domains.
Data‐Driven Improvement in Prekindergarten Classrooms: Report From a Partnership in an Urban District
Authors: Farran Dale C. , Meador Deanna , Christopher Caroline , Nesbitt Kimberly T. , Bilbrey Laura E. 
Published: July 2017

In 2014–2015 and 2015–2016, a metropolitan school system in the southern United States embarked on a unique mission to improve the quality of its public prekindergarten programs through a partnership with a group of developmental researchers in an iterative, data‐based venture. Data on 407 children in Year 1 and 433 in Year 2 (who were enrolled in 26 classrooms and extensively observed) are presented from the first 2 years of the ongoing partnership. All children were 4 years of age. Variability in classroom practices, measured empirically, and variability in child outcomes provided the means to examine the relations between children's gains in academic and social‐emotional areas and major areas of classroom practices. Lessons learned, the eight identified significant practices, implications, and next steps in the partnership are addressed.
Parenting practices and children's dental caries experience: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Kumar S. , Tadakamadla J. , Zimmer‐Gembeck M.J. , Kroon J. , Lalloo R. , Johnson N.W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the direct and mediated associations between parenting practices and dental caries experience in Indian school children.MethodsThe target population consisted of school children and their parents (N=1539) of Medak district in the state of Telangana, India. Parents completed a questionnaire that consisted of questions related to socioeconomic status (SES), family structure, the number of children, their own oral hygiene behaviour and parenting practices. Parenting practices were assessed using a translated version of the short form of Parent‐Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) which was found to have two factors, power assertion (ie over control and coercion) and positive parenting (warmth and positive parent‐child interaction). Children completed a questionnaire on tooth brushing frequency, dental visiting and sugar consumption practices to evaluate their oral hygiene behaviour, and underwent a clinical examination for dental caries by a single examiner. Path analysis was used to explore the influence of parent‐child relationship, SES and other family‐level variables on dental caries experience of children.ResultsParents’ oral hygiene behaviour was positively (β=0.18, P=0.009), and power assertion negatively (β=−0.06, P=0.041) associated with children's oral hygiene behaviours. Families reporting higher SES had children with less dental caries experience (β=−0.10, P=0.028) and better oral hygiene behaviour (β=0.13, P=0.009). Power assertion parenting had an indirect association with dental caries experience (β=0.003, P=0.038).ConclusionsChildren had higher dental caries experience when they lived in families with lower SES and used more power assertion parenting practices.
Exonal switch down-regulates the expression of CD5 on blasts of acute T cell leukaemia
Authors: Rai A K , Singh A , Saxena A , Seth T , Raina V , Mitra D K 
Published: July 2017

SummaryTo date, CD5 expression and its role in acute T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) have not been studied closely. We observed a significant reduction in surface expression of CD5 (sCD5) on leukaemic T cells compared to autologous non-leukaemic T cells. In this study, we have shown the molecular mechanism regulating the expression and function of CD5 on leukaemic T cells. A total of 250 patients suffering from leukaemia and lymphoma were immunophenotyped. Final diagnosis was based on their clinical presentation, morphological data and flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping. Thirty-nine patients were found to be of ALL-T origin. Amplification of early region of E1A and E1B transcripts of CD5 was correlated with the levels of surface and intracellular expression of CD5 protein. Functional studies were performed to show the effect of CD5 blocking on interleukin IL-2 production and survival of leukaemic and non-leukaemic cells. Lack of expression of sCD5 on T-ALL blasts was correlated closely with predominant transcription of exon E1B and significant loss of exon E1A of the CD5 gene, which is associated with surface expression of CD5 on lymphocytes. High expression of E1B also correlates with increased expression of cytoplasmic CD5 (cCD5) among leukaemic T cells. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in the production of IL-2 by non-leukaemic T cells upon CD5 blocking, leading possibly to their increased survival at 48 h. Our study provides understanding of the regulation of CD5 expression on leukaemic T cells, and may help in understanding the molecular mechanism of CD5 down-regulation.