bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parietal memory network and memory encoding versus retrieval impairments in PD‐MCI patients: A hippocampal volume and cortical thickness study
Authors: Sahin Serhat , Velioglu Halil Aziz , Yulug Burak , Bayraktaroglu Zubeyir , Yildirim Suleyman , Hanoglu Lutfu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe pathophysiology behind memory impairment in Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD‐MCI) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the hippocampal and cortical atrophy patterns in PD‐MCI patients with different types of memory impairments, categorized as Retrieval Failure (RF) and Encoding Failure (EF).MethodsThe study included 16 healthy controls (HC) and 34 PD‐MCI patients, divided into RF (N = 18) and EF (N = 16) groups based on their Verbal Memory Processes Test (VMPT) scores, including spontaneous recall, recognition, and Index of Sensitivity to Cueing (ISC). Hippocampal subfields and cortical thicknesses were measured using the FreeSurfer software for automatic segmentation.ResultsCompared to the HC group, the EF group exhibited significant atrophy in the left lateral occipital region and the right caudal middle frontal, superior temporal, and inferior temporal regions (p⟨0.05). The RF group displayed significant atrophy in the left lateral occipital, middle temporal, and precentral regions, as well as the right pars orbitalis and superior frontal regions (p⟨0.05). Hippocampal subfield analysis revealed distinct volume differences between HC‐EF and RF‐EF groups, with significant reductions in the CA1, CA3, and CA4 subregions in the EF group, but no differences between HC and RF groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionGray matter atrophy patterns differ in PD‐MCI patients with encoding and retrieval memory impairments. The significant hippocampal atrophy in the EF group, particularly in the CA subregions, highlights its potential role in disease progression and memory decline. Additionally, the convergence of atrophy in the lateral occipital cortex across both RF and EF groups suggests the involvement of the Parietal Memory Network (PMN) in PD‐related memory impairment.
A systematic approach for scoping potential key biodiversity areas
Authors: Nania Dario , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Falaschi Mattia , Pacifici Michela , Lumbierres Maria , Rondinini Carlo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe new key biodiversity areas (KBA) standard is an important method for identifying regions of the planet‐hosting unique biodiversity. KBAs are identified through the implementation of threshold‐based criteria that can be applied to any target species and region. Current methods to rapidly assess the existence of potential KBAs in different areas of the planet still present important challenges, although they are needed to accelerate the KBA identification process for large numbers of species globally. We developed a methodology to scan geographical regions and detect potential KBAs under multiple criteria. We tested the methodology on 59 species of reptiles and amphibians in Italy through the application of selected KBA criteria. Potential KBAs were identified for multiple species under most criteria, covering 1.4%–12% of the study area, depending on analytical settings. Cell size used to identify KBAs played an important role in shaping the distribution of potential KBAs, also affecting the overlap between areas triggered by different criteria. New potential KBAs identified in this study are only partially coincident with current KBAs in Italy (previously identified for birds) and within the national protected areas.
Translating science into actions to conserve Amazonian freshwaters
Authors: Couto Thiago B. A. , Jenkins Clinton N. , Beveridge Claire F. , Heilpern Sebastian A. , Herrera‐R Guido A. , Piland Natalia C. , Leal Cecilia Gontijo , Zuanon Jansen , Doria Carolina R. C. , Montoya Mariana , Varese Mariana , Correa Sandra B. , Goulding Michael , Anderson Elizabeth P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the importance of freshwater ecosystems to social‐ecological systems of the Amazon, conservation in the region historically has focused on terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, current information on pressing management and conservation needs specific to freshwaters is scattered across multiple disciplines and generally focused on particular threats, habitats, and taxa. This disparateness of information limits the ability of researchers and practitioners to set priorities and implement actions that comprehensively address challenges faced by freshwater ecosystems. To reduce this research‐implementation gap, we reviewed the scientific literature on Amazon freshwater conservation to identify pressing actions to be taken and potential directions for their implementation. We identified 63 actions gleaned from 174 publications. These were classified into six major themes: (i) implement environmental flows, (ii) improve water quality, (iii) protect and restore critical habitats, (iv) manage exploitation of freshwater organisms, (v) prevent and control invasive species, and (vi) safeguard and restore freshwater connectivity. Although each action may face different implementation challenges, we propose three guiding principles to support action planning and decisions on‐the‐ground. We conclude with a reflection on potential future directions to place freshwaters into the center of policies and agreements that target the conservation of the Amazon.
Examining the effects of the HIV‐1 protein Tat and morphine on antiretroviral accumulation and distribution within the brain
Authors: Jones Austin M. , Rademeyer Kara M. , Rosen Elias P. , Contaifer Silas , Wijesinghe Dayanjan , Hauser Kurt F. , McRae MaryPeace 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite combination antiretroviral therapy effectively suppressing HIV within the periphery, neuro‐acquired HIV (neuroHIV) remains a significant problem and approximately half of people living with HIV will experience HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Concurrent opioid use exacerbates neuroHIV by promoting neuroinflammation, neuronal injury and synaptodendritic culling, viral replication, and potentially altering antiretroviral concentrations within the brain. The present study examined the effects of HIV and morphine co‐exposure on the accumulation and spatial distribution of antiretroviral drugs across multiple regions within the brain in an HIV‐1 Tat transgenic mouse model by using infrared‐matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IR‐MALDESI MSI). Morphine exposure uniquely decreased antiretroviral concentrations in anterior cerebral (primary motor and somatosensory) cortices, corpus collosum (anterior forceps), caudoputamen, nucleus accumbens, and posterior regions including the hippocampus, corpus callosum (main body), cerebral cortex (somatosensory and auditory cortices), thalamus, and hypothalamus. Interestingly, male mice experienced greater morphine‐associated decreases in antiretroviral concentrations than females. The study also assessed whether changes in antiretroviral concentrations were linked with inflammation in astroglia, assessed through the measurement of astroglial activation using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a marker. Alterations in antiretroviral concentrations co‐registering with areas of astroglial activation exhibited sex‐specific treatment differences. This study highlights the intricate interplay between HIV, opioids, and antiretroviral drugs within the CNS, elucidating distinct regional and sex variations in responsiveness. Our findings emphasize the identification of vulnerabilities within the neural landscape and underscore the necessity of carefully monitoring opioid use to maintain the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies.
Teaching data‐driven decision making for inventory analysis with Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Pritchard Alan , Taylor Daniel , Belford Matthew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInventory management and the ability to make data‐driven decisions under uncertainty are two critical components of supply chain management. This brief describes how an Excel‐based Monte Carlo simulation of fuel and lottery purchases can be used to teach students to analyze a system with randomness. This exercise can serve as a group or individual assignment to demonstrate the ability of Monte Carlo simulation to estimate solutions involving uncertainty and to teach undergraduate business students how to implement a basic multiperiod fixed‐interval inventory policy with order‐up‐to‐levels. The important concepts of cycle service levels and confidence intervals are emphasized as are the proper implementation of one‐tailed and two‐tailed critical values. Students are encouraged to compare algebraic solutions to their simulation results.
Student Suicide in India: An Analysis of Newspaper Articles (2019–2023)
Authors: Maji Sucharita , Jordan Gerald , Bansod Saurabh , Upadhyay Aditesh , Deevela Diveesha , Biswas Susmita 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimStudent suicide is one significant public health concern across the world, including India. In recent years, the surge in suicide cases has further worried mental health professionals and policymakers. The current study analysed the reported student suicide cases published in four leading Indian newspapers.MethodBased on the analysis of newspaper reports published between 2019 and 2023, the study detected a total of 491 suicidal deaths of students.ResultThe result revealed that academic reasons (academic dissatisfaction, academic stress and academic failure), institutional reasons (bullying, caste discrimination, ragging, harassment and toxic institutional culture), mental health issues (depression, psychological stress and anxiety), financial crisis and online gaming are the most commonly reported reasons behind student suicides. The majority of suicide victims were within the age range of 16–21 years. The highest number of suicide cases are reported from Kota, a city often referred to as the coaching capital of India.ConclusionThe study highlights considering changes in the academic curriculum to make academic programs less stressful for students. More importantly, policies should ensure that the academic campuses are free from harassment, bullying or similar aggressive experiences. Furthermore, emphasising students' mental health should be the education system's biggest priority.
Heterogeneous graph contrastive learning with adaptive data augmentation for semi‐supervised short text classification
Authors: Wu Mingqiang , Xu Zhuoming , Zheng Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractShort text classification has been widely used in many fields. Due to the scarcity of labelled data, implementing short text classification under semi‐supervised learning setting has become increasingly popular. Semi‐supervised short text classification methods based on graph neural networks can achieve state‐of‐the‐art classification performance by utilizing the expressive power of graph neural networks. However, these methods usually fail to mine the hidden patterns of a large amount of short text node data in the graph to optimize the short text node embeddings, which limits the semantic representation power of the short texts, thus leading to suboptimal classification performance. To overcome the limitation, this paper proposes a novel semi‐supervised short text classification method called the Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Data Augmentation (HGCLADA). In the knowledge bases guided soft prompt‐based data augmentation component, the related words of the tag words are used to optimize the soft prompts for generating diverse augmented samples. In the heterogeneous graph contrastive learning framework component, a heterogeneous graph that is constructed using short texts and keywords and an effective edge augmentation scheme based on a short text clustering algorithm are proposed. The optimized short text embeddings can be obtained to achieve the effective semi‐supervised short text classification. Extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets show that our HGCLADA method outperforms four classes of state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of classification accuracy, especially with significant performance improvements of 8.74% on the TagMyNews dataset when each class only contains 20 labelled data.
Natural Seawater Impact on Crack Propagation and Fatigue Behavior of Welded Nickel Aluminum Bronze
Authors: Dobson T. H. E. , Wilson P. , Larrosa N. O. , Williams M. , Coules H. E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNickel aluminum bronze (NAB) is a complex alloy used extensively in the marine environment. Fatigue strength of NAB is reduced by welding and prior seawater corrosion. This study investigated the combined effect of corrosion and plasma welding on the fatigue behavior of NAB. Natural seawater corroded samples were used in tension‐tension cyclic loading tests to observe fatigue crack initiation, propagation, and failure. Fatigue cracks initiated from corrosion pits at the weld toe. Stress corrosion and fatigue cracks propagated along the path of β′ and κIII phases. A short crack growth model (SCGM) predicted fatigue strength using experimentally obtained material properties and corrosion pit dimensions. Model predictions were used to develop S‐N curves and were within 30% of experimental results. The SCGM produced accurate and reliable fatigue life results that could be applied by industry to aid in revalidation decision making and inspection scheduling.
Imagination, Reality, and Reproduction: Comparing Perceptions of Coastal Sea Trout Anglers, Real Catches, and Sea Trout Spawning Activity
Authors: Blyth Samuel , Stensland Stian , Rönnbäck Patrik 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSustainable management of recreational fisheries requires balancing angler attitudes and behaviour with fisheries' biological potential. Herein, we investigated the balance in the sea‐run brown trout (Salmo trutta) fishery around the Swedish island of Gotland using data collected through a creel survey, test fishing, and spawning returns to selected streams. Anglers accurately anticipated catches of large fish but underestimated the role of natural reproduction in supporting the stock. Female sea trout entering spawning streams and post‐spawn sea trout caught on the coast were significantly larger than spawning males and non‐spawned fish, and were particularly important for the fishery. Larger sea trout also faced a higher level of harvest pressure than other sizes. Small changes to angler preferences, harvest rates, or regulations could significantly influence characteristics and sustainability of this fishery. The scale and direction of these changes merit further investigation.
Soil carbon and nitrogen cycling at the atmosphere–soil interface: Quantifying the responses of biocrust–soil interactions to global change
Authors: Witzgall K. , Hesse B. D. , Pacay‐Barrientos N. L. , Jansa J. , Seguel O. , Oses R. , Buegger F. , Guigue J. , Rojas C. , Rousk K. , Grams T. E. E. , Pietrasiak N. , Mueller C. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn drylands, where water scarcity limits vascular plant growth, much of the primary production occurs at the soil surface. This is where complex macro‐ and microbial communities, in an intricate bond with soil particles, form biological soil crusts (biocrusts). Despite their critical role in regulating C and N cycling in dryland ecosystems, there is limited understanding of the fate of biologically fixed C and N from biocrusts into the mineral soil, or how climate change will affect C and N fluxes between the atmosphere, biocrusts, and subsurface soils. To address these gaps, we subjected biocrust–soil systems to experimental warming and drought under controlled laboratory conditions, monitored CO2 fluxes, and applied dual isotopic labeling pulses (13CO2 and 15N2). This allowed detailed quantification of elemental pathways into specific organic matter (OM) pools and microbial biomass via density fractionation and phospholipid fatty acid analyses. While biocrusts modulated CO2 fluxes regardless of the temperature regime, drought severely limited their photosynthetic C uptake to the extent that the systems no longer sustained net C uptake. Furthermore, the effect of biocrusts extended into the underlying 1 cm of mineral soil, where C and N accumulated as mineral‐associated OM (MAOM<63μm). This was strongly associated with increased relative dominance of fungi, suggesting that fungal hyphae facilitate the downward C and N translocation and subsequent MAOM formation. Most strikingly, however, these pathways were disrupted in systems exposed to warming, where no effects of biocrusts on the elemental composition of the underlying soil nor on MAOM were determined. This was further associated with reduced net biological N fixation under combined warming and drought, highlighting how changing climatic conditions diminish some of the most fundamental ecosystem functions of biocrusts, with detrimental repercussions for C and N cycling and the persistence of soil organic matter pools in dryland ecosystems.
The good, the bad and the evil: A unified conceptualization of negative leadership behaviour
Authors: Modliba Robert , Treffers Theresa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe level of scholarly and practitioner interest in negative leadership behaviour has been increasing, but research in this field remains fragmented, and we lack a common understanding of what constitutes negative leadership behaviour and its antecedents, consequences and contexts. To address these research gaps, we systematically review 352 papers and identify 25 different negative leadership behaviours with large overlaps in their conceptualization and operationalization. Our analysis of conceptualizations reveals common attributes that constitute the behavioural intensity and the behavioural valence of negative leadership behaviour. Behavioural intensity attributes constitute negative leadership behaviour as active, reoccurring and intentional behaviour that targets subordinates’ psychological states. Behavioural valence attributes constitute negative leadership behaviour as being unethical, lack of empathy, leader self‐worthiness and self‐orientation, verbal hostility, use of power asymmetry and harming and belittling of others. The vast majority of operationalizations for negative leadership behaviour reflect the perceptions of subordinates or colleagues, whereas only a few operationalizations reflect supervisors’ self‐assessments. Our findings further reveal that the antecedents of negative leadership behaviour focus mainly on supervisors, whereas the consequences of negative leadership behaviour focus mainly on subordinates. We develop a unified conceptualization of negative leadership behaviour and discuss our findings in the light of an impactful future research agenda that revolves around the unified conceptualization and empirical representation of negative leadership behaviour on the basis of behavioural attributes, the role of subordinates and dyad‐related factors leading to negative leadership behaviour and the integration of the negative and positive psychological and economic consequences of negative leadership behaviour.
Effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Chile: A time‐matched analysis
Authors: Suárez‐Reyes Mónica , Fernández‐Verdejo Rodrigo , Quintiliano Daiana , Pinheiro Anna Cristina , Pizarro Tito 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to school closures, potentially impairing children's behaviours and health. We aimed to explore the effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours (dietary habits, physical activity) and health outcomes (adiposity, fitness, self‐esteem, self‐concept) in children.MethodsWe measured 247 children before school closure (October–November 2019) and after school reopening (October–November 2021) (COVID‐19 group). To distinguish the changes due to school closure from changes due to growth, we included 655 age‐matched children with cross‐sectional measurements in October–November 2019 (control group). The response of this group (i.e., differences between children with 2 years of difference) was considered the expected response to growth. Two‐way ANOVA was used to test age‐by‐group interactions, indicating an effect of school closure.ResultsIn 7‐to‐9‐year‐old children, the COVID‐19 group had larger‐than‐expected decreases in physical activity (by 0.4 points), resulting in higher physical inactivity prevalence (by 19 percent points) at 9 years. This was accompanied by larger‐than‐expected increases in fat percentage (by 6.1 percent point). In 8‐to‐10‐year‐old children, the COVID‐19 group had higher physical inactivity prevalence at 10 years (by 20 percent points). This was accompanied by larger‐than‐expected increases in fat percentage (by 8.3 percent points), z‐score BMI (by 0.90 units), and waist circumference (by 6.1 cm). In 9‐to‐11‐year‐old children, the COVID‐19 group had larger‐than‐expected decreases in physical activity (by 0.3 points) and increases in self‐concept (by 0.2 points). The response in dietary habits, fitness, or self‐esteem was not different between groups.ConclusionOverall, school closure negatively impacted physical activity and adiposity, particularly in the youngest children.
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Therapeutic Relationship Assessment Scale–Patient (TRAS‐Patient)
Authors: Coelho Joana Catarina Ferreira , Ribeiro Joana Isabel Ferreira , Ribeiro Ana Rita Martins , Trindade Ana Carolina Gonçalves , da Sequeira Carlos Alberto , Roldán Merino Juan Francisco , Moreno Poyato Antonio Rafael , Sampaio Francisco Miguel Correia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe therapeutic relationship plays a crucial role in nursing care for people with mental illness. Adopting a systemic and person‐centred approach that considers the individual experiences and needs of the person is paramount. However, no instruments were found in the literature designed to evaluate the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship from the perspective of a person with mental illness. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing the quality of the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship from the patient's perspective. An e‐Delphi study was conducted to develop the assessment tool, and a psychometric study was carried out to examine its psychometric properties. The sample comprised 240 adults with mental illness. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the Omega coefficient. The final structure of the assessment instrument included 24 items distributed across two factors, explaining 64.2% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94, and the Omega coefficient was 0.96. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66–0.92). The therapeutic relationship assessment scale (TRAS‐Patient) shows good psychometric properties. This is a relevant tool for assessing the quality of the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship from the patient's perspective, thus promoting a patient‐centred approach and responding to the patient's needs. Mental health nurses can access a tool for evaluating the nurse–patient therapeutic relationship centred on disciplinary knowledge. This enables patient involvement in care, enhanced care and person‐centred practice.