bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Access to Skeletal Muscle is Preserved in Obesity Induced by Polyunsaturated Diet
Authors: Broussard Josiane L. , Bergman Richard N. , Bediako Isaac Asare , Paszkiewicz Rebecca L. , Iyer Malini S. , Kolka Cathryn M. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveDiets high in saturated fat induce obesity and insulin resistance and impair insulin access to skeletal muscle, leading to reduced insulin levels at the muscle cell surface available to bind insulin receptors and induce glucose uptake. In contrast, diets supplemented with polyunsaturated fat improve insulin sensitivity (SI) and reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes. It was hypothesized that a diet high in polyunsaturated fat would preserve SI and insulin access to muscle, as compared with a diet high in saturated fat.MethodsAfter 12 weeks of control, saturated (LARD), or polyunsaturated (salmon oil [SO]) high‐fat diet feeding, muscle SI and insulin access to skeletal muscle were measured by using lymph, a surrogate of skeletal muscle interstitial fluid.ResultsBoth high‐fat diets induced similar weight gain, yet only LARD impaired SI. Hyperinsulinemia in the LARD group did not induce an increase in basal interstitial insulin, suggesting reduced insulin access to muscle after LARD, but not after SO.ConclusionsA diet high in polyunsaturated fat does not impair insulin access to muscle interstitium or induce insulin resistance as observed with a saturated fat diet, despite similar weight gain. Future studies should determine whether dietary SO supplementation improves impairments in insulin access to skeletal muscle.
Direct arylation synthesis of thienoisoindigo‐based low‐band‐gap polymer from asymmetric donor–acceptor monomer
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Fukuzawa Haruka , Fujita Karin , Mori Hideharu 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThienoisoindigo (TIG) moiety has been paid numerous attentions as an excellent acceptor building block in low‐band‐gap polymers. Herein, a new TIG‐dithiophene alternating copolymer (PTIG2T) was successfully synthesized from an asymmetric TIG‐based donor–acceptor (D‐A) monomer via the self‐condensation‐type direct arylation polymerization. PTIG2T exhibited the light absorption over 1000 nm owing to the intramolecular charge transfer in the thin film state, which corresponded to an optical band gap of 1.24 eV. The HOMO and LUMO levels of PTIG2T were determined to be −5.08 and −3.60 eV, respectively. Furthermore, the organic photovoltaic (OPV) with a PTIG2T/PC61BM active layer achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.19%, which is one of the highest PEC achieved by OPVs with TIG‐based materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 430–436
Simulating local mobility and mechanical properties of thermostable polyimides with different dianhydride fragments
Authors: Nazarychev Victor M. , Dobrovskiy Alexey Yu , Larin Sergey V. , Lyulin Alexey V. , Lyulin Sergey V. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe dynamic and mechanical properties of the three thermoplastic polyimides—crystallizable polyimide BPDA‐P3 and amorphous polyimides ODPA‐P3 and aBPDA‐P3—have been simulated using the atomistic molecular dynamics technique. The three simulated polyimides differ in the chemical structure of their corresponding dianhydride fragments. Analyzing the local orientational mobility of different phenylene rings, it has been established that the increase of the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) in the ordered set
is caused by the slowing down of the phthalimide rings relaxation in the corresponding dianhydride fragments. It has been observed that rather poor mechanical characteristics upon aBPDA‐P3 stretching in the strain‐hardening regime are also due to the low orientational mobility of the phthalimide rings. The correlation between the dynamic fragility and the polyimides strain‐hardening moduli has been observed; the increase of the dynamic fragility leads to the increase of the strain‐hardening modulus. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 375–382
Thermal actuation performance modification of coiled artificial muscle by controlling annealing stress
Authors: Li Te , Wang Yongqing , Liu Kuo , Liu Haibo , Zhang Jiali , Sheng Xianjun , Guo Dongming 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTTwisted and coiled polymer (TCP) is a promising linear artificial muscle fabricated from nylon or other polymeric fibers, whose geometric structure is similar to a coil spring. TCP muscle is actuated reversibly with negative coefficients of thermal expansion. Twisting, coiling, and annealing are the main fabricating procedures. Annealing is the key process to form TCP muscles with stable performance. To modify and enhance actuation performance, it is necessary to explore and reveal influences of annealing process on thermal actuation (contraction strain, nominal modulus, and geometrical characteristic). Therefore, a new TCP fabrication and test platform is first established, which can quantize key geometrical and force parameters by multiple precise sensors. Then, four types of TCP muscles using nylon 6 fibers with varied diameters are fabricated and annealed under different conditions. As one of the important factors in annealing process, the nominal tensile stress is adjusted and controlled. Meanwhile, the contraction strain and nominal modulus are tested compared with the general annealing method. Finally, the experiment results show that contraction strain can be enhanced about two times (nominal modulus decreases accordingly) by increasing annealing stress, and the actuation performance can be remodeled reversibly by adjusting annealing stress and annealing repetitively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 383–390
Differential interaction of PRMT1 with RGG‐boxes of the FET family proteins EWS and TAF15
Authors: Li Kim K. C. , Chau Bess L. , Lee Kevin A.W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe FET sub‐family (FUS/TLS, EWS, TAF15) of RNA‐binding proteins have remarkably similar overall structure but diverse biological and pathological roles. The molecular basis for FET protein specialization is largely unknown. Gly‐Arg‐Rich regions (RGG‐boxes) within FET proteins are targets for methylation by Protein‐Arginine‐Methyl‐Transferase‐1 (PRMT1) and substrate capture is thought to involve electrostatic attraction between positively charged polyRGG substrates and negatively charged surface channels of PRMT1. Unlike FUS and EWS, a high proportion of TAF15 RGG‐boxes are embedded within neutrally charged YGGDR(S/G)G repeats, suggesting that they might not bind well to PRMT1. This notion runs contrary however to a report that YGGDR(S/G)G repeats are methylated by PRMT1. Using peptide‐based polyRGG substrates and a novel 2‐hybrid binding assay, we find that the Asp residue in YGGDR(S/G)G repeats confers poor binding to PRMT1. Our results therefore indicate that YGGDR(S/G)G repeats may contribute to TAF15 specialization by enabling differential interactions with PRMT1 and reduced overall levels of TAF15 methylation compared with other FET proteins. By analogy with molecular recognition of other disordered polyvalent ligands by globular protein partners, we also propose a dynamic polyelectrostatic model for substrate capture by PRMT1.
Metabolism of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population
Authors: Figueiredo Marcelo RA , Leibhart Lacy J , Reicher Zachary J , Tranel Patrick J , Nissen Scott J , Westra Philip , Bernards Mark L , Kruger Greg R , Gaines Todd A , Jugulam Mithila 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSynthetic auxins such as 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) have been widely used for selective control of broadleaf weeds since the mid‐1940s. In 2009, an Amaranthus tuberculatus (common waterhemp) population with 10‐fold resistance to 2,4‐D was found in Nebraska, USA. The 2,4‐D resistance mechanism was examined by conducting [14C] 2,4‐D absorption, translocation and metabolism experiments.RESULTSNo differences were found in 2,4‐D absorption or translocation between resistant and susceptible A. tuberculatus plants. Resistant plants metabolized [14C] 2,4‐D more rapidly than did susceptible plants. The half‐life of [14C] 2,4‐D in susceptible plants was 105 h, compared with 22 h in resistant plants. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion inhibited [14C] 2,4‐D metabolism in resistant plants and reduced the 2,4‐D dose required for 50% growth inhibition (GR50) of resistant plants by 7‐fold to 27 g ha‐1, similar to the GR50 for susceptible plants in the absence of malathion.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that rapid 2,4‐D metabolism is a contributing factor to resistance in A. tuberculatus, potentially mediated by cytochrome P450. Metabolism‐based resistance to 2,4‐D could pose a serious challenge for A. tuberculatus control because of the potential for cross‐resistance to other herbicides. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
(−)‐Epicatechin‐induced relaxation of isolated human saphenous vein: Roles of K+ and Ca2+ channels
Authors: Marinko Marija , Jankovic Goran , Nenezic Dragoslav , Milojevic Predrag , Stojanovic Ivan , Kanjuh Vladimir , Novakovic Aleksandra 
Published: November 2017

In this study, we aimed to investigate relaxant effect of flavanol (−)‐epicatechin on the isolated human saphenous vein (HSV), as a part of its cardioprotective action, and to define the mechanisms underlying this vasorelaxation. (−)‐Epicatechin induced a concentration‐dependent relaxation of HSV pre‐contracted by phenylephrine. Among K+ channel blockers, 4‐aminopyridine, margatoxin, and iberiotoxin significantly inhibited relaxation of HSV, while glibenclamide considerably reduced effects of the high concentrations of (−)‐epicatechin. Additionally, (−)‐epicatechin relaxed contraction induced by 80 mM K+, whereas in the presence of nifedipine produced partial relaxation of HSV rings pre‐contracted by phenylephrine. In Ca2+‐free solution, (−)‐epicatechin relaxed contraction induced by phenylephrine, but had no effect on contraction induced by caffeine. A sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin, significantly reduced relaxation of HSV produced by (−)‐epicatechin. These results demonstrate that (−)‐epicatechin produces endothelium‐independent relaxation of isolated HSV rings. Vasorelaxation to (−)‐epicatechin probably involves activation of 4‐aminopyridine‐ and margatoxin‐sensitive KV channels, BKCa channels, and at least partly, KATP channels. In addition, not only the inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx, but regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ release, via inositol‐trisphosphate receptors and reuptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum, via stimulation of Ca2+‐ATPase, as well, most likely participate in (−)‐epicatechin‐induced relaxation of HSV.
Cytotoxic activity of carotenoid rich fractions from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina microalgae and the identification of the phytoconstituents using LC‐DAD/ESI‐MS
Authors: El‐Baz Farouk K. , Hussein Rehab A. , Mahmoud Khaled , Abdo Sayeda M. 
Published: November 2017

Microalgae represent a rich source that satisfies the growing need for novel ingredients of nutriceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and food supplements. Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina microalgae are isolated from the Egyptian hydro‐flora and are reported for their potent antioxidant activities. The cytotoxic activity of different fractions of both microalgae was investigated on 4 cell lines HePG2, MCF7, HCT116, and A549. The carotenoid rich fraction of H. pluvialis showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cell line and moderate activity against both liver and breast cancer cell lines. On the other hand, the carotenoid rich fraction of D. salina showed mild cytotoxic activity on breast and liver cancer cell lines. The carotenoid rich fraction of H. pluvialis was analysed using LC‐DAD/ESI‐MS and the major carotenoids were identified either free as well as bounded to fatty acids.
Advance warning for loss of separation in an industrial distillation column
Authors: Van Impe Jan , Augustinus Klaas , De Prins Michiel , Gins Geert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a data‐driven advance warning system for the onset of loss of separation in an industrial distillation column. The system would enable preventive actions to avoid several hours of bad operation and subsequent recovery of the process. Data of more than 2 years of process operation were used to identify and validate various monitoring systems based on both static principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic PCA. Despite the presence of autocorrelation in the data, only minor differences in advance warning were observed between PCA and dynamic PCA.The developed system provides warnings for 35% to 45% of the observed periods of bad column operation, with respective advance warning times of 16 and 6 minutes. It proves a valuable additional tool to monitor the operation of the distillation column and avoid losses of product, with the potential of reducing bad operation (and the associated costs) by up to 45% and substantially improving overall process reliability.
Is there a relationship between the morphology of the forewing axillary sclerites and the way the wing folds in aphids (Aphidomorpha, Sternorrhyncha, Hemiptera)?
Authors: Franielczyk-Pietyra Barbara , Bernas Tytus , Sas-Nowosielska Hanna , Wegierek Piotr 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present study describes the relationship between the morphology of the forewing axillary sclerites and the way the wings fold among 24 aphid genera as compared to a representative of coccids. Architecture of the forewing base was imaged with scanning electron and optical (fluorescence) microscopy. Significant differences in morphology of axillary sclerites between aphid species were observed, despite their belonging to one infraorder. Detailed description of 41 features of axillary sclerites was made. There was no difference between axillaries of viviparous (Aphididae) and oviparous (Adelges sp., Phylloxera sp.) species. No clear relationship between morphology of the axillary sclerites and the wing folding could be confirmed. Instead, the thorax structure determines the way the wing folds in aphids. Phylogenetic analysis based on our results cannot be conducted at this stage of study. To show how three-dimensional the structures are and how difficult to describe, a short animation of Aphis fabae (Aphididae) wing base was added. This is a preliminary study about morphology of axillary sclerites among aphids.
Radiofrequency Ablation in Complicated Monochorionic Pregnancy: Initial Experience
Authors: Shinde Roopa , James Pio , Suresh Sudarshan , Ram Uma , Seshadri Suresh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo evaluate outcomes of complicated monochorionic pregnancies intervened by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and report the initial experience. It is a retrospective case series of 15 cases of complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies intervened by RFA in Mediscan Systems Chennai, a tertiary referral Fetal Medicine center, from February 2015 till February 2017. Perinatal outcomes were available for all 15 cases. Main indication for RFA was sIUGR in 10 cases, of which 2 had coexistent Twin to Twin Transfusion syndrome. The procedure was technically successful in all cases. Median gestational age at procedure was 22.6 weeks (IQR 21, 25.6). The median number of RFA cycles to attain cardiac asystole was 4 (IQR 3, 7). Four of the fifteen cases (27%) had procedure related complications of which 3 occured within 2 weeks of procedure. There were 2 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes which occurred within 2 weeks of procedure. One case had a miscarriage within 2 weeks of procedure at 21 weeks, another one had a mid-trimester loss 4 weeks after the procedure at 26 weeks. The median gestational age at delivery was 35 weeks (IQR 29.3, 35.5). Seventy-eight percent of the live borns were delivered after 34 weeks. The median procedure delivery interval was 10.4 weeks (IQR 4.1, 13.6). Median birth weight at delivery was 2000 g (IQR 1300, 2600). The present series had a live birth rate of 87%. In this initial small series, there was a good outcome in terms of live birth rates and take home baby rates. The efficacy needs to be ascertained by larger series and long term neurological outcome.
Emirati women do not shy away from competition: evidence from a patriarchal society in transition
Authors: Dariel Aurelie , Kephart Curtis , Nikiforakis Nikos , Zenker Christina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe explore gender attitudes towards competition in the United Arab Emirates—a traditionally patriarchal society which in recent times has adopted numerous policies to empower women and promote their role in the labor force. The experimental treatments vary whether individuals compete in single-sex or mixed-sex groups. In contrast to previous studies, women in our sample are not less willing to compete than men. In fact, once we control for individual performance, Emirati women are more likely to select into competition. Our analysis shows that neither women nor men shy away from competition, and both compete more than what would be optimal in monetary terms as the fraction of men in their group increases. We offer a detailed survey of the literature and discuss possible reasons for the lack of gender differences in our experiment.
Modeling pollen-mediated gene flow from glyphosate-resistant to -susceptible giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) under field conditions
Authors: Ganie Zahoor A. , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to quantify pollen mediated gene flow (PMGF) from glyphosate-resistant (GR) to glyphosate-susceptible (GS) giant ragweed under simulated field conditions using glyphosate resistance as a selective marker. Field experiments were conducted in a concentric design with the GR giant ragweed pollen source planted in the center and GS giant ragweed pollen receptors surrounding the center in eight directional blocks at specified distances (between 0.1 and 35 m in cardinal and ordinal directions; and additional 50 m for ordinal directions). Seeds of GS giant ragweed were harvested from the pollen receptor blocks and a total of 100,938 giant ragweed plants were screened with glyphosate applied at 2,520 g ae ha−1 and 16,813 plants confirmed resistant. The frequency of PMGF was fit to a double exponential decay model selected by information-theoretic criteria. The highest frequency of gene flow (0.43 to 0.60) was observed at ≤0.5 m from the pollen source and reduced rapidly with increasing distances; however, gene flow (0.03 to 0.04) was detected up to 50 m. The correlation between PMGF and wind parameters was inconsistent in magnitude, direction, and years.
Deep tissue analysis of distal aqueous drainage structures and contractile features
Authors: Gonzalez Jose M. , Ko Minhee K. , Hong Young-Kwon , Weigert Robert , Tan James C. H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOutflow resistance in the aqueous drainage tract distal to trabecular meshwork is potentially an important determinant of intraocular pressure and success of trabecular bypass glaucoma surgeries. It is unclear how distal resistance is modulated. We sought to establish: (a) multimodal 2-photon deep tissue imaging and 3-dimensional analysis of the distal aqueous drainage tract (DT) in transgenic mice in vivo and ex vivo; (b) criteria for distinguishing the DT from blood and lymphatic vessels; and (c) presence of a DT wall organization capable of contractility. DT lumen appeared as scleral collagen second harmonic generation signal voids that could be traced back to Schlemm’s canal. DT endothelium was Prox1-positive, CD31-positive and LYVE-1-negative, bearing a different molecular signature from blood and true lymphatic vessels. DT walls showed prominent filamentous actin (F-actin) labeling reflecting cells in a contracted state. F-actin co-localized with mesenchymal smooth muscle epitopes of alpha-smooth muscle actin, caldesmon and calponin, which localized adjacent and external to the endothelium. Our findings support a DT wall organization resembling that of blood vessels. This reflects a capacity to contract and support dynamic alteration of DT caliber and resistance analogous to the role of blood vessel tone in regulating blood flow.
Electrochemical Production of Glycolic Acid from Oxalic Acid Using a Polymer Electrolyte Alcohol Electrosynthesis Cell Containing a Porous TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Sadakiyo Masaaki , Hata Shinichi , Cui Xuedong , Yamauchi Miho 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA liquid flow-type electrolyser that continuously produces an alcohol from a carboxylic acid was constructed by employing a polymer electrolyte, named a polymer electrolyte alcohol electrosynthesis cell (PEAEC). Glycolic acid (GC, an alcoholic compound) is generated on anatase TiO2 catalysts via four-electron reduction of oxalic acid (OX, a divalent carboxylic acid), accompanied with water oxidation, which achieves continuous electric power storage in easily stored GC. Porous anatase TiO2 directly grown on Ti mesh (TiO2/Ti-M) or Ti felt (TiO2/Ti-F) was newly fabricated as a cathode having favourable substrate diffusivity. A membrane-electrode assembly composed of the TiO2/Ti-M, Nafion 117, and an IrO2 supported on a gas-diffusion carbon electrode (IrO2/C) was applied to the PEAEC. We achieved a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 49.6% and a continuous 99.8% conversion of 1 M OX, which is an almost saturated aqueous solution at room temperature.
Automated Interpretation and Extraction of Topographic Information from Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Data
Authors: Ievlev Anton V. , Belianinov Alexei , Jesse Stephen , Allison David P. , Doktycz Mitchel J. , Retterer Scott T. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTime of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful surface-sensitive characterization tool allowing the imaging of chemical properties over a wide range of organic and inorganic material systems. This technique allows precise studies of chemical composition with sub-100-nm lateral and nanometer depth spatial resolution. However, comprehensive interpretation of ToF-SIMS results is challenging because of the very large data volume and high dimensionality. Furthermore, investigation of samples with pronounced topographical features is complicated by systematic and measureable shifts in the mass spectrum. In this work we developed an approach for the interpretation of the ToF-SIMS data, based on the advanced data analytics. Along with characterization of the chemical composition, our approach allows extraction of the sample surface morphology from a time of flight registration technique. This approach allows one to perform correlated investigations of surface morphology, biological function, and chemical composition of Arabidopsis roots.