bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference intervals of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 in the apparently healthy adult population
Authors: Zhang Gao‐Ming , Bai Shu‐Mei , Zhang Guo‐Ming , Ma Xiao‐Bo 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundTo establish reference intervals of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9(CA 19‐9) according to the CLSI CA28‐A3 guideline and to evaluate age‐ and gender‐related variations.MethodsSerum CA 19‐9 values of 10 149 healthy subjects (from 20 years old to 60 years old) were measured from location health checkups. The relationship between CA 19‐9 and age was analyzed using Spearman's approach. The reference intervals of CA19‐9 were established using Q2.5 and Q97.5, and the 90% confidence intervals of upper limits were calculated.ResultsThe reference intervals of CA 19‐9 were 1.98‐25.12 U/mL for males (1.97‐25.06 U/mL for 20‐50 years old and 2.31‐26.13 U/mL for 50‐60 years old) and 2.36‐29.29 U/mL for adult (20‐60 years old) females. The upper limit of reference intervals for all individuals was 26.45 U/mL; the level of CA 19‐9 is higher in females than males. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 is significantly associated with aging in adult males(r = .0930, P < .0001), but not in females (P = .4734).ConclusionsEstablishing reference intervals for CA19‐9 and giving age‐related reference intervals of CA19‐9 using a big data of healthy adult, we first discovered that CA19‐9 tends to increase with age in adult males but not in females.
Association between SMAD3 gene rs12901499 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Limin , Zhang Haiqin , Wang Wenjun , Zhao You 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundMany studies have revealed that transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) signals play important roles in maintaining normal status of articular cartilage in human osteoarthritis (OA). However, SMAD3 had inhibitory effect on TGF‐β‐induced chondrocyte maturation.MethodTo evaluate the association of SMAD3 genetic variants with the risk of knee OA, we conducted this hospital‐based case‐control study involving 350 knee patients with OA and 400 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using a custom‐by‐design 48‐Plex single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Scan™ Kit.ResultsOur results indicate that the GG genotype of rs12901499 could decrease the risk of knee OA compared to AA genotype. However, stratified analyses by sex and age did not obtain positive findings with regard to the association between rs12901499 polymorphism and knee OA risk.ConclusionIn conclusion, SMAD3 rs12901499 polymorphism may be involved in the development of knee OA. Larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm these results.
Social Norms and the Price of Zero
Authors: Ariely Dan , Gneezy Uri , Haruvy Ernan 
Published: January 2018

The standard economic model assumes that demand is weakly decreasing in price. While empirical evidence shows that this is true for most price levels, it might not hold for the price of zero, where social norms are not entirely compatible with the self‐maximizing economic agent. A set of experiments shows that switching from a low price to a price of zero has two effects on behavior: First, in accordance with the economic theory, more people demand the product. Second, whereas in the low price case some individuals demand high quantities of the product, in the zero price case most people take only one unit of the product. As a result, lowering the price to zero may lead to a net decrease in the total amount demanded in the market. We further show that polite priming results in higher demand than ethical priming in both zero price and 1¢ conditions.
Galectin-3 type-C self-association on neutrophil surfaces; The carbohydrate recognition domain regulates cell function
Authors: Sundqvist Martina , Welin Amanda , Elmwall Jonas , Osla Veronica , Nilsson Ulf J , Leffler Hakon , Bylund Johan , Karlsson Anna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Galectin-3 is an endogenous β-galactoside-binding lectin comprising a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a collagen-like N-domain. Both domains are required for galectin-3 to induce cellular effects; a C-terminal fragment of galectin-3, galectin-3C, containing the CRD but lacking the N-domain, binds cell surface glycoconjugates but does not induce cellular effects since cross-linking promoted by the N-domain is thought to be required. Instead, galectin-3C is proposed to antagonize the effects of galectin-3 by competing for binding sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of galectin-3C on galectin-3 interactions with human neutrophils. Recombinant galectin-3C inhibited galectin-3-induced production of reactive oxygen species in primed neutrophils. Surprisingly, this inhibition was not due to competitive inhibition of galectin-3 binding to the cells. In contrast, galectin-3C potentiated galectin-3 binding, in line with emerging evidence that galectin-3 can aggregate not only through the N-domain but also through the CRD. The cell surface interaction between galectin-3C and galectin-3 was corroborated by colocalization of fluorescently labeled galectin-3 and galectin-3C. Galectin-3C can be generated in vivo through cleavage of galectin-3 by proteases. Indeed, in circulation, galectin-3 and galectin-3C were both attached to the cell surface of neutrophils, which displayed great capacity to bind additional galectin-3 and galectin-3C. In conclusion, galectin-3C enhances galectin-3 binding to neutrophils by nonactivating type-C self-association, in parallel to inhibiting neutrophil activation by galectin-3 (induced by type-N self-association). This implicates type-C self-association as a termination system for galectin-3-induced cell activation, with the purpose of avoiding oxidant-dependent tissue damage.
Sphingolipids role in the regulation of inflammatory response: From leukocyte biology to bacterial infection
Authors: Chiricozzi Elena , Loberto Nicoletta , Schiumarini Domitilla , Samarani Maura , Mancini Giulia , Tamanini Anna , Lippi Giuseppe , Dechecchi Maria Cristina , Bassi Rosaria , Giussani Paola , Aureli Massimo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are amphiphilic molecules mainly associated with the external leaflet of eukaryotic plasma membrane, and are structural membrane components with key signaling properties. Since the beginning of the last century, a large number of papers described the involvement of these molecules in several aspects of cell physiology and pathology. Several lines of evidence support the critical role of SLs in inflammatory diseases, by acting as anti- or pro-inflammatory mediators. They are involved in control of leukocyte activation and migration, and are recognized as essential players in host response to pathogenic infection. We propose here a critical overview of current knowledge on involvement of different classes of SLs in inflammation, focusing on the role of simple and complex SLs in pathogen-mediated inflammatory response.
Information retrieval for systematic reviews in food and feed topics: A narrative review
Authors: Wood Hannah , O'Connor Annette , Sargeant Jan , Glanville Julie 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionSystematic review methods are now being used for reviews of food production, food safety and security, plant health, and animal health and welfare. Information retrieval methods in this context have been informed by human health‐care approaches and ideally should be based on relevant research and experience.ObjectiveThis narrative review seeks to identify and summarize current research‐based evidence and experience on information retrieval for systematic reviews in food and feed topics.MethodsMEDLINE (Ovid), Science Citation Index (Web of Science), and ScienceDirect (http://www.sciencedirect.com/) were searched in 2012 and 2016. We also contacted topic experts and undertook citation searches. We selected and summarized studies reporting research on information retrieval, as well as published guidance and experience.ResultsThere is little published evidence on the most efficient way to conduct searches for food and feed topics. There are few available study design search filters, and their use may be problematic given poor or inconsistent reporting of study methods. Food and feed research makes use of a wide range of study designs so it might be best to focus strategy development on capturing study populations, although this also has challenges. There is limited guidance on which resources should be searched and whether publication bias in disciplines relevant to food and feed necessitates extensive searching of the gray literature.ConclusionsThere is some limited evidence on information retrieval approaches, but more research is required to inform effective and efficient approaches to searching to populate food and feed reviews.
Enantioselective and simultaneous determination of lactate and 3‐hydroxybutyrate in human plasma and urine using a narrow‐bore online two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography system
Authors: Hsieh Chin‐Ling , Koga Reiko , Furusho Aogu , Akita Takeyuki , Mita Masashi , Ide Tomomi , Lee Jen‐Ai , Hamase Kenji 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor the enantioselective and simultaneous analysis of lactate and 3‐hydroxybutyrate, a validated online two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography system using 4‐nitro‐7‐piperazino‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole as a fluorescent derivatization reagent has been developed. For the reversed‐phase separation in the first dimension, a Capcell Pak C18 ACR column (1.5 × 250 mm, particle size 3 μm) was used, and the target fractions were isolated by their hydrophobicity. In the second dimension, a polysaccharide‐coated enantioselective column, Chiralpak AD‐H (2.0 × 250 mm, 5 μm), was used. The system was validated by the calibration curve, intraday precision, interday precision, and accuracy using standards and real human samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. The present method was applied to human plasma and urine, and in the plasma, trace amounts of d‐lactate (8.4 μM) and l‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (1.0 μM), besides high levels of l‐lactate (860.9 μM) and d‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (59.4 μM), were successfully determined. In urine, trace levels of d‐lactate (3.7 μM), d‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (2.3 μM), and l‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (3.3 μM) in addition to a relatively large amount of l‐lactate (15.4 μM) were observed. The present online two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography system is useful for the simultaneous determination of all the lactate and 3‐hydroxybutyrate enantiomers in human physiological fluids, and further clinical applications are ongoing.
Comparative Study of Abdominal Versus Transvaginal Ultrasound for Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry at 11 to 13 Weeks
Authors: Demers Marie‐Elaine , Dubé Samuel , Bourdages Mélodie , Gasse Cedric , Boutin Amélie , Girard Mario , Bujold Emmanuel , Demers Suzanne 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the first‐trimester uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) measured by abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound (US).MethodsWe performed a prospective study of singleton pregnant women recruited at 11 to 13 weeks' gestation. The mean uterine artery PI was obtained by abdominal followed by transvaginal US. The mean of the left and right uterine artery PIs was used, and differences between approaches were computed. The intraclass correlation coefficient and a Bland‐Altman plot were used to compare the two approaches.ResultsData were available for 940 participants, including 928 (99%) with uterine artery PIs obtained on both uterine sides. The mean uterine artery PI decreased with gestational age in both approaches (P < .001). We observed a moderate correlation between abdominal and transvaginal mean uterine artery PIs (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.75). Values obtained by abdominal US (median, 1.70, interquartile range, 1.35 to 2.09) were greater than those obtained by transvaginal US (median, 1.65; interquartile range, 1.37 to 1.99). There was a significant increase in differences as average measurements became higher (P < .01).ConclusionsThe first‐trimester mean uterine artery PI decreases with gestational age in both approaches. Abdominal US could be associated with greater uterine artery PI values than transvaginal US, especially at higher measurements. The first‐trimester uterine artery PI for prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes should be adjusted for gestational age and possibly for the US approach.
Global patterns in phytoplankton biomass and community size structure in relation to macronutrients in the open ocean
Authors: Mousing Erik Askov , Richardson Katherine , Ellegaard Marianne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOwing to the dynamic nature of nutrient‐phytoplankton interactions, ambient macronutrient concentrations reveal little about the impact of nutrient availability on phytoplankton biomass and community composition at any given point in time or space. Here, however, we examine a global dataset (n = 262) where phytoplankton community structure and biomass are related to ambient concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (P), and silicate. The macroecological patterns emerging from the analysis suggests plausible causal relationships between nutrient availability and global phytoplankton community responses: When DIN and P are below ca. 5 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively, increases in the concentration of either nutrient correlate with increases in both biomass and the contribution of large cells to the total phytoplankton biomass. At higher concentrations, increasing DIN or P concentrations do not correlate with increases in biomass. However, the fraction of large phytoplankton continues to increase with increasing concentrations suggesting DIN and P availability to be important factors in controlling phytoplankton community composition over the entire spectrum of potential macronutrient availability in the open ocean. Ambient silicate concentrations were not strongly associated with phytoplankton community structure or biomass. Nor did the DIN/P ratio correlate with community structure indicating that this ratio is a poor descriptor of phytoplankton limitation at the community scale. No empirical evidence was found for commonly referred threshold values for nutrient limitation (i.e., 2 μM, 0.2 μM, and 2 μM for DIN, P, and silicate, respectively) suggesting that these threshold values may not contain any practical information.
Foraging response and acclimation of ambush feeding and feeding‐current feeding copepods to toxic dinoflagellates
Authors: Xu Jiayi , Nielsen Lasse Tor , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCopepods exposed to toxic algae in “black box” incubation experiments show highly varied responses, but the mechanisms cannot be revealed from such experiments and the implications to copepod and phytoplankton population dynamics consequently not evaluated. Here, we use direct video observations to examine the response and temporal acclimation (5 d) of two copepods with different foraging behaviors to toxic dinoflagellates. Feeding‐current feeding Temora longicornis and ambush feeding Acartia tonsa were offered three strains of toxic Alexandrium tamarense and a nontoxic control Protoceratium reticulatum. We hypothesize (1) that ambush feeders are less affected by toxic algae than feeding‐current feeders, (2) that copepods acclimate to the toxic algae, and (3) that phytoplankton cells previously exposed to copepod cues elicit stronger responses. Both copepod species consumed the toxic algae at a reduced rate and there was no difference in their net‐response, but the mechanisms differed. T. longicornis responded in strain‐specific ways by reducing its feeding activity, by rejecting captured algae, or by regurgitating consumed cells. A. tonsa reduced its consumption rate, jump frequency, and jump distance on all strains of the toxic dinoflagellate, and most so on copepod‐cue induced cells. There was limited acclimation to algal toxins, although some behavioral responses relaxed or intensified during the first one to several days. Mortality rates were low and the various responses, thus, all allow the copepods to survive harmful algal blooms. However, the implications to algal population dynamics are species/strains specific, with only prey selection providing the toxic algae with a competitive advantage.
Heuristic Search Strategy for Transforming Microstructural Patterns to Optimal Copolymerization Recipes
Authors: Mohammadi Yousef , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: January 2018

AbstractManipulation and optimization of copolymer microstructure for tailoring final properties is of great importance in macromolecular science and engineering. Uncovering the complexities of the interrelationships between copolymerization recipe and copolymer microstructure (a challenging field of study in its own right) is a multiobjective optimization problem, which has attracted a lot of attention in the last 10–15 years. In the present study, a powerful optimizer is developed based on the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) for transforming desired microstructural copolymerization profiles, including molecular weight distribution and chemical composition distribution, back to optimal copolymerization recipes and operating conditions. The optimizer developed has the beneficial features of robust machine learning and multiobjective optimization based upon heuristic search strategies. The metallocene‐catalyzed ethylene/α‐olefin copolymerization is selected as a sufficiently complex system to challenge the proposed optimization tool. The developed computer code is used to explore copolymerization recipes (polymerization temperature and concentrations of ethylene, 1butene, cocatalyst, and hydrogen) needed to synthesize copolymers having desired microstructural features. Based on the results obtained, it is now possible to produce various grades or tailor‐make the copolymer structure by suggesting the “best” copolymerization recipe/conditions as reliably as possible.
The effects of ageing on mouse muscle microstructure: a comparative study of time‐dependent diffusion MRI and histological assessment
Authors: Porcari Paola , Hall Matt G. , Clark Chris A. , Greally Elizabeth , Straub Volker , Blamire Andrew M. 
Published: January 2018

The investigation of age‐related changes in muscle microstructure between developmental and healthy adult mice may help us to understand the clinical features of early‐onset muscle diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We investigated the evolution of mouse hind‐limb muscle microstructure using diffusion imaging of in vivo and in vitro samples from both actively growing and mature mice. Mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were determined as a function of diffusion time (Δ), age (7.5, 22 and 44 weeks) and diffusion gradient direction, applied parallel or transverse to the principal axis of the muscle fibres. We investigated a wide range of diffusion times with the goal of probing a range of diffusion lengths characteristic of muscle microstructure. We compared the diffusion time‐dependent ADC of hind‐limb muscles with histology. ADC was found to vary as a function of diffusion time in muscles at all stages of maturation. Muscle water diffusivity was higher in younger (7.5 weeks) than in adult (22 and 44 weeks) mice, whereas no differences were observed between the older ages. In vitro data showed the same diffusivity pattern as in vivo data. The highlighted differences in diffusion properties between young and mature muscles suggested differences in underlying muscle microstructure, which were confirmed by histological assessment. In particular, although diffusion was more restricted in older muscle, muscle fibre size increased significantly from young to adult age. The extracellular space decreased with age by only ~1%. This suggests that the observed diffusivity differences between young and adult muscles may be caused by increased membrane permeability in younger muscle associated with properties of the sarcolemma.
Sedentary behavior and physical activity of young adult university students
Authors: Peterson Neil E. , Sirard John R. , Kulbok Pamela A. , DeBoer Mark D. , Erickson Jeanne M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTMovement and non‐movement behaviors include sleep, sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA). While young adults are generally perceived as healthy, the level and relationship of SB and PA in college‐age students has not been greatly explored. The purpose of this study was to objectively measure the levels of SB and PA in 18–20 year‐old university students, record their self‐reported extracurricular activities, and explore the relationship of all these with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Male (n = 48) and female (n = 46) students participated in this cross‐sectional study. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine time spent in SB, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), number of self‐reported sedentary extracurricular activities, and their relation to the dependent variables of BMI and WC. In correlation analyses, SB (p < .001) and MVPA (p = .017) both were negatively associated with BMI, and “other” race or ethnicity (African American, Hispanic, mixed; p = .013) and number of self‐reported sedentary extracurricular activities (p = .006) were positively associated with BMI. In the WC regression model, SB (p = .018) was negatively associated and number of self‐reported sedentary extracurricular activities (p = .006) was positively associated with WC. University students may be both highly active and highly sedentary. Future researchers should consider targeting interventions to reduce SB in addition to improving PA.
Prospective surveillance pilot of rivaroxaban safety within the US Food and Drug Administration Sentinel System
Authors: Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Gagne Joshua J. , Fireman Bruce , Nelson Jennifer , Toh Sengwee , Shoaibi Azadeh , Reichman Marsha E. , Wang Shirley , Nguyen Michael , Zhang Rongmei , Izem Rima , Goulding Margie R. , Southworth Mary Ross , Graham David J. , Fuller Candace , Katcoff Hannah , Woodworth Tiffany , Rogers Catherine , Saliga Ryan , Lin Nancy D. , McMahill‐Walraven Cheryl N. , Nair Vinit P. , Haynes Kevin , Carnahan Ryan M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThe US Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel system developed tools for sequential surveillance.MethodsIn patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation, we sequentially compared outcomes for new users of rivaroxaban versus warfarin, employing propensity score matching and Cox regression. A total of 36 173 rivaroxaban and 79 520 warfarin initiators were variable‐ratio matched within 2 monitoring periods.ResultsStatistically significant signals were observed for ischemic stroke (IS) (first period) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (second period) favoring rivaroxaban, and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) (second period) favoring warfarin. In follow‐up analyses using primary position diagnoses from inpatient encounters for increased definition specificity, the hazard ratios (HR) for rivaroxaban vs warfarin new users were 0.61 (0.47, 0.79) for IS, 1.47 (1.29, 1.67) for GIB, and 0.71 (0.50, 1.01) for ICH. For GIB, the HR varied by age: <66 HR = 0.88 (0.60, 1.30) and 66+ HR = 1.49 (1.30, 1.71).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the capability of Sentinel to conduct prospective safety monitoring and raises no new concerns about rivaroxaban safety.