bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Animal Species in Meat Broth by Simplex and Multiplex PCR
Authors: Rashid Peshnyar , Babashekh Muhamad , Marouf Ari , Amin Kamaran 
Published: July 2017

In some countries, some restaurants may use fraudulent substitution in meat product that has
less commercial value or undesirable. Effective laboratory tests must be available for prevention
of this phenomenon. In this study meat broth sample was successfully used to identify seven
animal species in cooked meals by simplex and multiplex PCR using species specific primers for
conserved region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The results showed effective amplification of
mtDNA without cross reaction between primers. Whereas existing methods require mincing and
homogenization of direct meat samples, this meat broth sampling method can be performed
directly and is thus easier to perform. In conclusion, meat broth sample could be used instead of
direct meat tissues for species identification of cooked meat in restaurants to control
adulteration substitutions of undesirable meat and protection of the customer rights.
Global convergence of new modified CG method with inexact line search
Authors: Ivan Latif , Lajan Mohammed 
Published: July 2017

he conjugate gradient (CG) method has played a special role in solving non-linear
unconstrained optimization problems due to the simplicity of their-iterations and their very low
memory requirements. In this paper we take a modified to the Dai-Yuan (DY) conjugate
gradient methods such that the direction generated by the modified method provides a descent
direction for the optimization function and establish some global convergence of the proposed
method. Numerical results effective and promising by comparing with CG method.
Design of Alarm Based Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Boskany Najmadin 
Published: July 2017

Nowadays each computer network needs some tools in order to help their administrator
for protecting network devices and data. These tools are ranging from firewall, antivirus, and
intrusion detection systems. The main goal of this paper focuses on developing an applicable
system for detecting intrusion and notifying network administrator from them (i.e. alert that
there is unauthorized person attempts to break into network). The presented system can be used
to detect intruders automatically depending on a signature file, and immediately notify onsite
monitors and network administrator via alert message and short message. These different
messages let them know who is going to access the network (i.e.; show the intruder IP address
and used port number).
Oligocene and Miocene Rock Beds in Mamlaha anticline, Chamchamal town, Sulaimani city- Kurdistan region/ Iraq
Authors: Kharajiany Soran , Qader Fouad , Hakkari Salim , Sharbazheri Hero 
Published: July 2017

Previously, the Oligocene rock beds in the Mamlaha anticline have neither mentioned nor
proved. There are some selected sections that detected during field surveys but did not verified
weather belong to Oligocene- Miocene ages or not. Through this research, it is proved that they are
composed of Oligocene and Miocene rock strata. They are well-known as excellent rock reservoirs
for hydrocarbon accumulation in Kurdistan region and Iraq as a whole.
Field survey and stratigraphic study with microfacies analysis showed that nearly 37 meter of the
rock units from Mamlaha anticline (Mamlaha, Khwelin and Pungala sections) are representing
these formations; Bajwan Formation (Middle Oligocene), Anah and Ibrahim formations (Late
Oligocene) ages, Serikagni, Euphrates and Dhiban formations (Early Miocene) and Jeribe
Formation (Middle Miocene) ages respectively.
The contact between Bajwan and Anah is unconformable; the Lower contact of Bajwan Formation
is not exposed in each of the section. Ibrahim Formation however not exposed as well beds of marly
limestone; it shows as pocket of marly limestone, but it sandwiched between Bajwan and Anah
formations and shows no clear boundary.
The upper contact of Anah Formation is separated from Euphrates Formation by 2 meters of green
marl which indicates abrupt change in the lithology. The upper contact of Euphrates shows
unconformity, while Dhiban Formation is unconformably underneath the marly sandy bituminous
limestone of Jeribe Formation; Jeribe Formation is also unconformably lies beneath the claystone of
Fatha Formation.
Calculation and Analysis of Mean Glandular Dose During a Mammogram
Authors: Khalid Dastan 
Published: July 2017

Mammographic density is the difference in appearance of glandular to fatty tissue in a
mammogram. Investigation in doses delivered in mammography is carried out. The Mean
Glandular Dose (MGD) is calculated and compared to the standard values. The results show the
value of MGD is comparable to some of the references, however there are very large variations
in MGD and mAs with respect to specific Compressed Breast Thickness and percent
glandularity. The results suggest a lack of understanding of radiation uses and the risks that are
involved in x-ray induced breast cancer in Sulaimani hospitals especially the Mammography
Centre.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Shivananjaiah Chaitra , Kannan Abinaya , Devi Mridula , Jayanthi . , D. Satish , Ramaiah Renuka 
Published: July 2017

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in the present generation is a very common reproductive disorder and the prevalence is on the rise. It is associated with typical features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia and obesity which has deep implications on the pregnancy outcomes as well as a long-term health of the woman.Methods: Prospective comparative study performed over 200 pregnant women in the ESIC medical college, Bangalore. 100 women diagnosed with PCOS were compared with that of 100 normal women. The method of conception in pcos was recorded. maternal outcome in the form of abortion, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, mode of delivery, intrapartum and postpartum complication. Fetal outcome in the form preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, large-for-gestational-age infants, apgar at 5 minute and admission to NICU.Results: Of the 100 women who were diagnosed with PCOS, 62 had spontaneous conception, 32 conceived with ovulation induction, 4 with artificial insemination and 2 needed IVF for conception. 18 women had spontaneous abortion, 58 were diagnosed with Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predominantly between 24 – 28 weeks’ period of gestation, 16 women had hypertension complicating pregnancy. Fetal outcome in the form of preterm birth was noted in 14 patients, large for gestation was noted in 11 newborns, the rate of NICU admission was significantly higher in the PCOS women’s infants constituting 33%.Conclusions: The assistance needed for conception was significantly higher in women with PCOS. The complications associated with pregnancy such as spontaneous abortions, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, preterm births, need of NICU care for the infants are much higher in women with PCOS. Adult health education and the preconception diagnosis and appropriate management of PCOS is an important primary mode of prevention of these associated complications.
Common ritualistic myths during pregnancy in Northern India
Authors: Choudhary Ramesh , Gothwal Sunil , Nayan Swati , Meena B. S. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The development in science and technology has helped us to overcome the superstitions associated with pregnancy to some extent. Objective of present study was to record information about common ritualistic myths during pregnancy and after baby birth.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary care center. Information was collected from 200 admitted women who delivered in last 3 days with direct questions to mother.Results: Total 180 (90%) women were following the ritualistic myths. Mean age and mean parity was 30.1 years and 2.8 respectively. Sixty five percent women were belonging from rural background. Religion distribution was as follows 144 Hindu, 40 Muslim and 16 were others. Prevalence of the myths was 136 (94.4%), 32 (80%), 12 (75%) in Hindu, Muslim and other religions respectively. An inverse relation was observed between education level and acceptance of myth.Conclusions: Ritualistic myths during pregnancy and after birth were more common with low literacy, rural background and in Hindus.
Bone Graft Augmentation for Severe Glenoid Bone Loss in Primary Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Lorenzetti Adam , Streit Jonathan J. , Cabezas Andres F. , Christmas Kaitlyn N. , LaMartina Joey , Simon Peter , Frankle Mark A. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
The treatment of patients with severe glenoid bone loss using reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is challenging because of the difficulty in obtaining glenoid fixation. The outcomes following primary RSA with structural bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss and the amount of native bone support necessary to achieve clinical improvement are unclear.

Methods:
We reviewed functional outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score, Simple Shoulder Test [SST], visual analog scale [VAS] for pain and function, patient satisfaction, and range of motion) for 57 patients who were treated with a primary RSA and glenoid bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss. Three glenoids were classified as type A2; 2, as type B2; and 2, as type C, according to the Walch classification; 16 glenoids, as grade E1; and 19, as grade E3, according to the Sirveaux classification; 9 glenoids, as grade 3, according to the Levigne classification; and 6 were unable to be classified. For the 44 patients with adequate preoperative computed tomographic (CT) data and postoperative radiographs, we evaluated native bone contact under the glenoid baseplate by matching the projected shape of the implant and scapula from the postoperative radiographs with a generated 3-dimensional (3D) model of the preoperative scapula. We then analyzed functional outcomes in relation to native bone support of the baseplate.

Results:
At a mean of 46 months (minimum, 24 months), the patients demonstrated significant improvements in function, motion, and pain (change in the ASES total score = 38.6, change in SST = 5.4, change in forward elevation = 72.4°, change in abduction = 67.7°, change in external rotation = 24.3°, and change in VAS pain score = −4.6; p < 0.001 for all). On the basis of the generated 3D model, the baseplate contact to host bone was a mean (and standard deviation) of 17% ± 12% (range, 0% to 50%). There was no significant correlation between host bone coverage and change in the ASES score (p = 0.51) for the 44 patients included in this analysis. There were 4 major complications (7%) in the study group but no glenoid baseplate failures.

Conclusions:
Glenoid bone-grafting in a primary RSA in a shoulder with severe bone loss produces good functional outcomes that do not correlate with the degree of native bone contact under the baseplate. We had observed no glenoid component failures at the time of writing.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
ISLAMIC SCIENCE, NATURE AND HUMAN BEINGS: A DISCUSSION ON ZIAUDDIN SARDAR'S THOUGHTS
Authors: Sa’dan Masthuriyah 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">Currently the development of western science has been very advanced. However, the development of western science only concerns towards big profits without any consideration about the side effects of science development itself. The western science has marginalized the aspects of metaphysics and theology so that the western science arises materialistic characteristics for human beings, ecological damage, and disharmonic situations between nature and human. This writing discussed Ziauddin Sardar thoughts about Islamic science applying descriptive analysis approach. In Sardar’s thoughts, Muslim community must not follow western science; nevertheless, Muslim community may have Islamic science, having the Islamic characteristic and value. The characteristics of Islamic science cannot be separated from the ten parameters such as <em>tawḥīd, khilāfah</em><em>, ’ibādah</em>, <em>’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ</em> and <em>diyā’</em>.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Pada era sekarang ini perkembangan sains telah mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Namun kemajuan sains hanya mengambil keuntungan sebesar-besarnya, tanpa memikirkan dampak dari perkembangan sains itu sendiri. Sains telah memarginalkan sisi metafisika dan teologi sehingga sains Barat me­nimbul­kan sifat materialistis bagi manusia, kerusakan ekologi, dan ketidak­harmonisan antara alam dan manusia. Tulisan ini mengkaji pemikiran Ziauddin Sardar tentang sains Islam dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Dalam pandangan Sardar, masyarakat Muslim tidak harus mengekor sains Barat, akan tetapi masyarakat Muslim bisa memiliki sains sebagai karakteristik sains yang bercorak dan bernilai Islam yakni sains Islam. Adapun karaketeristik sains Islam tidak lepas dari sepuluh parameter yang meliputi <em>tawḥīd, khilāfah</em><em>, ’ibādah</em>, <em>’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ</em> dan <em>diyā’</em>.
PESANTREN SAINS: EPISTEMOLOGY OF ISLAMIC SCIENCE IN TEACHING SYSTEM
Authors: Yusuf Mohamad Yasin 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">Muslims around the world mostly was under the domination of the West in the mastery of science and technology. Establishing educational institutions that are based on science and technology is one of the ways to solve the problem.This study had the purpose to examine the epistemology of science in the teaching system in SMA Trensains boarding school Tebuireng Jombang. Applying the method of field research through qualitative approach and philosophical analyses, this study revealed that SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang applied "Islamic Science" in which science is constructed based on the revelation of God. It is meant that in Islamic epistemology, revelation and the Sunnah are the sources which are inspiring for building sciences. It is hoped that the building the Islamic epistemology of science will bear pious Muslim generation in religious field and proficient in science and technology, and it will impact to the glory of Islamic civilization in the future.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Pada umumnya, umat Islam di dunia ini berada di bawah dominasi Barat dalam penguasaan ilmu dan teknologi. Pendirian lembaga pendidikan yang didasarkan pada ilmu dan teknologi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti epistemologi ilmu dalam sistem pengajaran di SMA Trensains di pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan dan dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif serta analisis filosofis, kajian ini menemukan bahwa SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang menerapkan Sains Islam, di mana ilmu dibangun berdasar wahyu Tuhan. Maksudnya adalah bahwa dalam epistemologi Islam wahyu dan sunnah adalah sumber yang memberikan inspirasi bagi pembangunan ilmu pengetahuan. Diharapkan pembangunan epistemologi Islam untuk ilmu penge­tahuan akan melahirkan generasi Muslim yang shalih dalam bidang agama dan ahli dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, yang pada gilirannya akan memberikan dampak bagi kejayaan peradaban Islam di masa yang akan datang.
UNITY OF SCIENCES ACCORDING TO AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Muhaya Abdul 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">The dichotomy of sciences caused both the positive and negative effects for development of civilizations; such as poverty, economic colonialism and dehumanization. Therefore, the unity of sciences is an interesting and important to be discussed for developing a new and prosperous civilization. This paper discussed the unity of sciences according to Imam al-Ghazali (d. 1111) and its urgency to the issue of human life. For al-Ghazali, science must be unified in the aspects of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. These three aspects of knowledge united in one entity; such as three angles in a triangle. From the pespective of ontology, knowledge comes from God and cannot be separated from God, so all sciences are commendable. Epistemologically, the nature of science is the light coming from the illumination light of God. Science can be obtained by optimizing the function of reason and through revelation or inspiration. The validity of science is depended on how and sources used to obtain it. Knowledge is not for knowledge, but knowledge for human prosperity. To realize the concept of the unity of sciences it is needed a hard work, patience and many-stage processes; namely equal treatment on scientific and religious knowledge, dialogue, integration and interconnection between science and the end is the unity of sciences..</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Dikhotomi ilmu pengetahuan mengakinatkan efek positif dan negatif bagi per­kembangan peradaban, seperti kemiskinankolonialisme ekonomi, dan de­humani­sasi. Oleh karena itu kesatuan ilmu menarik dan penting untuk didiskusikan untuk pengembangan peradaban yang baru dan sejahtera. Tulisan ini membahas tentang kesatuan ilmu menurut Imam al-Ghazali (w. 1111) serta arti pentingnya bagi kehidupan manusia. Menurut Ghazali ilmu harus disatukan dalam suatu kesatuan; seperti halnya tiga sudut dalam sebuah segitiga. Dari perspektif ontologi, pengetahuan berasal dari Tuhan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari Tuhan, sehingga semua ilmu. Secara epistemologi, hakikat ilmu adalah cahaya yang berasal dari cahaya Tuhan. Ilmu dapat diperoleh dengan mengoptimalkan fungsi akal serta melalui wahyu atau inspirasi. Validitas ilmu tergantung pada cara serta sumber yang digunakan untuk memperolehnya. Untuk merealisasikan konsep kesatuan ilmu dibutuhkan kerja keras, kesabaran, dan proses yang bertahap; yaitu perlakuan sama terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan ilmu agama, dialog, integrasi dan interkoneksi antara ilmu dan akhirnya adalah kesatuan ilmu.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE FOR HUMANITY IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Zaprulkhan Zaprulkhan 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">In Islamic perspective, researching universe is not only investigate the universe materially but also what is behind the universe itself. So, the universe was not viewed autonomously. This paper tried to elaborate significance of philosophy of science for humanity in Islamic perspective by using three fundamental structures of knowledge, namely ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Both Islam and science have to put humanity as center for research. The paradigm of Islamic science opens up an integral-holistic thought, and can not be separated from axiological meaning, that the purposes toward the enlightenment, progress, welfare, safety, and happiness for the whole human being in this world. So, Islam and science could give the most important roles to human’s welfare and safety.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Dalam perspektif Islam, meneliti alam semesta tidaklah hanya mengkaji alam dari aspek materialnya, melainkan juga aspek spiritual di balik yang nyata sehingga alam semesta tidak dikaji secara berdiri sendiri. Tulisan ini mencoba meng­elaborasi tentang signifikansi filsafat sains untuk kemanusiaan dari perspektif Islam dengan menggunakan tiga unsur pokok pengetahuan: ontologi, episte­mo­logi dan aksiologi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Islam dan sains sama-sama menjadikan nilai kemanusiaan sebagai objek penelitian. Paradigma ilmu penge­tahuan Islam itu membuka cakrawala berpikir yang menyeluruh dan terintegrasi, dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari makna aksiologinya yang bertujuan untuk pencerahan, perkembangan, kesejahteraan, keselamatan, dan kebahagiaan bagi seluruh umat manusia di dunia. Oleh karena itu, Islam dan ilmu pengetahuan memberikan peran yang sangat penting bagi kesejahteraan dan keselamatan manusia.
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY IN THE UNITY OF SCIENCES
Authors: Yusriyah Yusriyah 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">As a result of the processes of thinking on theological concept, Islamic theology may change according to its social dynamics. In the contemporary, theology can be studied by interdisciplinary sciences, which eventually theology became the source of the birth of some sciences. Hence, the science produced by the understanding of monotheism will produce peaceful religion for the universe (<em>raḥmatan li ’l-‘ālamīn</em>). The data presented in this article derived from the study applying literature review on the related topics of writing. Applying qualitative approach, this article showed that religion and science have a point of tangency. Science helps to facilitate human beings in their religious living. Concerning to faith, science activities can strengthen the faith and arise the motivation to express something in recognizing more toward God as the center of unity of existence (<em>tawḥīd</em>). In order to integrate the belief and sciences, it is needed the effort of islamization of science and the effort to reconstruct theology into a format that make it possible to dialogue with the reality of current development of thinking.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p><p class="IIABSBARU">Sebagai hasil dari pemikiran konsep teologis teologi Islam dapat berubah sesuai dengan dinamika sosial. Dalam era kontemporer teologi dapat dikaji oleh ilmu-ilmu interdisipliner, yang akhirnya teologi merupakan sumber lahirnya beberapa ilmu sehingga ilmu yang dihasilkan oleh pemahaman <em>tawḥīd</em> akan menghasilkan agama damai bagi alam semesta (<em>raḥmatan li ’l-‘ālamīn</em>). Data yang disajikan dalam artikel ini berasal dari penelaahan terhadap literatur yang terkait dengan topik penulisan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa agama dan sains memiliki titik singgung. Ilmu membantu memfasilitasi manusia dalam kehidupan keagamaannya. Dengan iman, kegiatan ilmiah dapat memper­kuat iman dan mem­buat motivasi untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang dapat menambah peng­akuan terhadap Allah sebagai pusat kesatuan eksistensi (<em>tawḥīd</em>). Untuk me­wujudkan ketersinggungan antara iman dan ilmu maka perlu islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan dan juga dalam upaya untuk merekonstruksi teologi ke format yang dapat berdialog dengan realitas perkembangan pemikiran yang berlangsung hari ini.</p>
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCES IN AL-QUR'AN PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Soleha Soleha , Adrian Adrian 
Published: July 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">This research applied the method of interpretation and <em>bi ’l-ra'y</em> approach. It tried to reinvent the spirit of the Qur'an and Hadith to push humankind to develop science integratively and to make it beneficial for human beings and nature. The research confirmed that human beings as <em>khalīfah</em><em> fi ’l-arḍ</em>, was given the right and freedom to explore what is on this earth and its contents with all its potential. Even in the Qur'an, Allah has made available all materials for the development of science, <em>al ayah al-kawniyyah</em> verses. Al-Qur'an as a resource of knowledge in Islam stated that one of the advantages human beings from the others is that they were endowed reason to search and explore science for the progress of human beings.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode interpretasi dan pendekatan <em>bi ’l-ra'y</em>, mencoba untuk menciptakan kembali semangat Qur'an dan Hadits untuk men­dorong manusia untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan secara integratif dan membantu untuk manusia dan alam. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa manusia sebagai <em>khalīfah</em><em> fi ’l-arḍ</em>, diberi hak dan kebebasan untuk dieksplorasi apa yang ada di bumi ini dan isinya dengan semua potensinya. Bahkan dalam al-Qur'an Allah telah menyediakan bahan-bahan untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, yang tentunya di sisi lain dengan ayat <em>kawniyyah</em>. Al-Qur'an sebagai sumber pengetahuan dalam Islam yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu keuntungan manusia dibandingkan makhluk yang lain adalah diberikan pikiran untuk men­cari dan mengeksplorasi ilmu pengetahuan untuk kemajuan manusia.