bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneficial impact of high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging on the efficacy of pediatric low-grade glioma surgery
Authors: Roder Constantin , Breitkopf Martin , MS  , Bisdas Sotirios , Freitas Rousinelle da Silva , Dimostheni Artemisia , Ebinger Martin , Wolff Markus , Tatagiba Marcos , Schuhmann Martin U. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is assumed to safely improve the extent of resection (EOR) in patients with gliomas. This study focuses on advantages of this imaging technology in elective low-grade glioma (LGG) surgery in pediatric patients.

METHODS
The surgical results of conventional and 1.5-T iMRI-guided elective LGG surgery in pediatric patients were retrospectively compared. Tumor volumes, general clinical data, EOR according to reference radiology assessment, and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed.

RESULTS
Sixty-five patients were included in the study, of whom 34 had undergone conventional surgery before the iMRI unit opened (pre-iMRI period) and 31 had undergone surgery with iMRI guidance (iMRI period). Perioperative data were comparable between the 2 cohorts, apart from larger preoperative tumor volumes in the pre-iMRI period, a difference without statistical significance, and (as expected) significantly longer surgeries in the iMRI group. According to 3-month postoperative MRI studies, an intended complete resection (CR) was achieved in 41% (12 of 29) of the patients in the pre-iMRI period and in 71% (17 of 24) of those in the iMRI period (p = 0.05). Of those cases in which the surgeon was postoperatively convinced that he had successfully achieved CR, this proved to be true in only 50% of cases in the pre-iMRI period but in 81% of cases in the iMRI period (p = 0.055). Residual tumor volumes on 3-month postoperative MRI were significantly smaller in the iMRI cohort (p < 0.03). By continuing the resection of residual tumor after the intraoperative scan (when the surgeon assumed that he had achieved CR), the rate of CR was increased from 30% at the time of the scan to 85% at the 3-month postoperative MRI.
The mean follow-up for the entire study cohort was 36.9 months (3–79 months). Progression-free survival after surgery was noticeably better for the entire iMRI cohort and in iMRI patients with postoperatively assumed CR, but did not quite reach statistical significance. Moreover, PFS was highly significantly better in patients with CRs than in those with incomplete resections (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Significantly better surgical results (CR) and PFS were achieved after using iMRI in patients in whom total resections were intended. Therefore, the use of high-field iMRI is strongly recommended for electively planned LGG resections in pediatric patients.
Identification of residual tumor with intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound during glioblastoma resection
Authors: Prada Francesco , Bene Massimiliano Del , Fornaro Riccardo , Vetrano Ignazio G. , Martegani Alberto , Aiani Luca , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Mauri Giovanni , Solbiati Luigi , Pollo Bianca , DiMeco Francesco 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to identify residual tumor mass during glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) surgery, to increase the extent of resection.

METHODS
The authors prospectively evaluated 10 patients who underwent surgery for GBM removal with navigated ultrasound guidance. Navigated B-mode and CEUS were performed prior to resection, during resection, and after complete tumor resection. Areas suspected for residual tumors on B-mode and CEUS studies were localized within the surgical field with navigated ultrasound and samples were sent separately for histopathological analysis to confirm tumor presence.

RESULTS
In all cases tumor remnants were visualized as hyperechoic areas on B-mode, highlighted as CEUS-positive areas, and confirmed as tumoral areas on histopathological analysis. In 1 case only, CEUS partially failed to demonstrate residual tumor because the residual hyperechoic area was devascularized prior to ultrasound contrast agent injection. In all cases CEUS enhanced B-mode findings.

CONCLUSIONS
As has already been shown in other neoplastic lesions in other organs, CEUS is extremely specific in the identification of residual tumor. The ability of CEUS to distinguish between tumor and artifacts or normal brain on B-mode is based on its capacity to show the vascularization degree and not the echogenicity of the tissues. Therefore, CEUS can play a decisive role in the process of maximizing GBM resection.
Optimizing ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an analysis of neuroendoscopy, frameless stereotaxy, and intraoperative CT
Authors: Yim Benjamin , Gooch M. Reid , Dalfino John C. , Adamo Matthew A. , Kenning Tyler J. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
Cerebrospinal fluid shunting can effectively lower intracranial pressure and improve the symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts in this patient population can often be difficult due to the small size of the ventricular system. Intraoperative adjuvant techniques can be used to improve the accuracy and safety of VP shunts for these patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of some of these techniques, including the use of intraoperative CT (iCT) and frameless stereotaxy, in optimizing postoperative ventricular catheter placement.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 49 patients undergoing initial ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for the treatment of IIH. The use of the NeuroPEN Neuroendoscope, intraoperative neuronavigation, and iCT was examined. To analyze ventricular catheter placement on postoperative CT imaging, the authors developed a new grading system: Grade 1, catheter tip terminates optimally in the ipsilateral frontal horn or third ventricle; Grade 2, catheter tip terminates in the contralateral frontal horn; Grade 3, catheter terminates in a nontarget CSF space; and Grade 4, catheter tip terminates in brain parenchyma. All shunts had spontaneous CSF flow upon completion of the procedure.

RESULTS
The average body mass index among all patients was 37.6 ± 10.9 kg/m2. The NeuroPEN Neuroendoscope was used in 44 of 49 patients. Intraoperative CT scans were obtained in 24 patients, and neuronavigation was used in 32 patients. Grade 1 or 2 final postoperative shunt placement was achieved in 90% of patients (44 of 49). In terms of achieving optimal postoperative ventricular catheter placement, the use of iCT was as effective as neuronavigation. Two patients had their ventricular catheter placement modified based on an iCT study. The use of neuronavigation significantly increased time in the operating room (223.4 ± 46.5 vs 190.8 ± 31.7 minutes, p = 0.01). There were no shunt infections in this study.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of iCT appears to be equivalent to the use of neuronavigation in optimizing ventricular shunt placement in IIH. Additionally, it may shorten operating room time and limit overall costs.
Pollen performance traits reveal prezygotic nonrandom mating and interference competition in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Swanson Robert J. , Hammond Adam T. , Carlson Ann L. , Gong Hui , Donovan Thad K. 
Published: March 2016

PREMISE:The lack of ability to measure pollen performance traits in mixed pollinations has been a major hurdle in understanding the mechanisms of differential success of compatible pollen donors. In previous work, we demonstrated that nonrandom mating between two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia (Col) and Landsberg (Ler), is mediated by the male genotype. Despite these genetic insights, it was unclear at what stage of reproduction these genes were acting. Here, we used an experimental strategy that allowed us to differentiate different pollen populations in mixed pollinations to ask: (1) What pollen performance traits differed between Col and Ler accessions that direct nonrandom mating? (2) Is there evidence of interference competition?METHODS:We used genetically marked pollen that can be visualized colorimetrically to quantify pollen performance of single populations of pollen in mixed pollinations. We used this and other assays to measure pollen viability, germination, tube growth, patterns of fertilization, and seed abortion. Finally, we assessed interference competition.RESULTS:In mixed pollinations on Col pistils, Col pollen sired significantly more seeds than Ler pollen. Col pollen displayed higher pollen viability, faster and greater pollen germination, and faster pollen tube growth. We saw no evidence of nonrandom seed abortion. Finally, we found interference competition occurs in mixed pollinations.CONCLUSION:The lack of differences in postzygotic processes coupled with direct observation of pollen performance traits indicates that nonrandom mating in Arabidopsis thaliana is prezygotic, due mostly to differential pollen germination and pollen tube growth rates. Finally, this study unambiguously demonstrates the existence of interference competition.
THE REACTION 8Li(n,γ)9Li AT ASTROPHYSICAL ENERGIES AND ITS ROLE IN PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
Authors: Dubovichenko S. B. , Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov A. V. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The possibility of describing available experimental data for the total cross sections of neutron radiative capture on 8Li at thermal and astrophysical energies was considered within the framework of the modified potential cluster model with the state classification of nuclear particles according to the Young tableaux. Our approach allows one to transmit available data in the energy range 0.1–1.0 MeV quite well, and predicts the behavior of the total cross sections at super-low energies, down to 25.3 × 10−9 MeV.
CGRO/BATSE DATA SUPPORT THE NEW PARADIGM FOR GRB PROMPT EMISSION AND THE NEW
–
RELATION
Authors: Guiriec S. , Gonzalez M. M. , Sacahui J. R. , Kouveliotou C. , Gehrels N. , McEnery J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The paradigm for gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission is changing. Since early in the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) era, the empirical Band function has been considered a good description of the keV–MeV γ-ray prompt emission spectra despite the fact that its shape was very often inconsistent with the theoretical predictions, especially those expected in pure synchrotron emission scenarios. We have recently established a new observational model analyzing data of the NASA Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. In this model, GRB prompt emission would be a combination of three main emission components: (i) a thermal-like component that we have interpreted so far as emission from the jet photosphere, (ii) a non-thermal component that we have interpreted so far as either synchrotron radiation from the propagating and accelerated charged particles within the jet or reprocessed jet photospheric emission, and (iii) an additional non-thermal (cutoff) power law (PL) extending from low to high energies in γ-rays and most likely of inverse Compton origin. In this article we reanalyze some of the bright GRBs, namely GRBs 941017, 970111, and 990123, observed with the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on board CGRO with the new model. We conclude that BATSE data for these three GRBs are fully consistent with the recent results obtained with Fermi: some bright BATSE GRBs exhibit three separate components during the prompt phase with similar spectral parameters as those reported from Fermi data. In addition, the analysis of the BATSE GRBs with the new prompt emission model results in a relation between the time-resolved energy flux of the non-thermal component,

, and its corresponding νF

spectral peak energy,

(i.e.,

–

), which has a similar index—when fitted to a PL—as the one initially derived from Fermi data. For GRBs with known redshifts (z) this results in a possible universal relation between the luminosity of the non-thermal component,

, and its corresponding νF

spectral peak energy in the rest frame,

(i.e.,

–

). We estimated the redshifts of GRBs 941017 and 970111 using GRB 990123—with z = 1.61—as a reference. The estimated redshift for GRB 941017 is typical for long GRBs and the estimated redshift for GRB 970111 is right in the range of the expected values for this burst.
REVISED MASSES AND DENSITIES OF THE PLANETS AROUND KEPLER-10*
Authors: Weiss Lauren M. , Rogers Leslie A. , Isaacson Howard T. , Agol Eric , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Rowe Jason F. , Kipping David , Fulton Benjamin J. , Lissauer Jack J. , Howard Andrew W. , Fabrycky Daniel 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Determining which small exoplanets have stony-iron compositions is necessary for quantifying the occurrence of such planets and for understanding the physics of planet formation. Kepler-10 hosts the stony-iron world Kepler-10b, and also contains what has been reported to be the largest solid silicate-ice planet, Kepler-10c. Using 220 radial velocities (RVs), including 72 precise RVs from Keck-HIRES of which 20 are new from 2014 to 2015, and 17 quarters of Kepler photometry, we obtain the most complete picture of the Kepler-10 system to date. We find that Kepler-10b (

) has mass

and density

. Modeling the interior of Kepler-10b as an iron core overlaid with a silicate mantle, we find that the iron core constitutes 0.17 ± 0.11 of the planet mass. For Kepler-10c (

) we measure mass

and density

, significantly lower than the mass computed in Dumusque et al. (

). Our mass measurement of Kepler-10c rules out a pure stony-iron composition. Internal compositional modeling reveals that at least 10% of the radius of Kepler-10c is a volatile envelope composed of hydrogen–helium (0.2% of the mass, 16% of the radius) or super-ionic water (28% of the mass, 29% of the radius). However, we note that analysis of only HIRES data yields a higher mass for planet b and a lower mass for planet c than does analysis of the HARPS-N data alone, with the mass estimates for Kepler-10 c being formally inconsistent at the 3σ level. Moreover, dividing the data for each instrument into two parts also leads to somewhat inconsistent measurements for the mass of planet c derived from each observatory. Together, this suggests that time-correlated noise is present and that the uncertainties in the masses of the planets (especially planet c) likely exceed our formal estimates. Transit timing variations (TTVs) of Kepler-10c indicate the likely presence of a third planet in the system, KOI-72.X. The TTVs and RVs are consistent with KOI-72.X having an orbital period of 24, 71, or 101 days, and a mass from 1 to 7

.
La place d’ Industrial Goodwill dans la pensée de commons
Authors: Broda Philippe 
Published: March 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que le rôle d’ Industrial Goodwill a été injustement négligé dans la construction intellectuelle de John R. Commons. À travers sa promotion de la « démocratie industrielle » afin de résoudre les conflits sociaux, ce livre contribue pourtant à lui fait prendre conscience des limites de ce modèle. Commons va bientôt cesser de s’y référer. C’est ensuite qu’il deviendra un économiste institutionnaliste.
La piraterie atlantique au fondement de la construction des souverainetés coloniales européennes
Authors: Hennessy-Picard Michael 
Published: March 2016

Figure ambiguë, archétype du guerrier privé, le pirate est généralement l’emblème de la résistance à l’autorité étatique. Or, cette image obscurcit le rôle paradoxal du pirate maritime en tant qu’agent trouble de l’État. Avant de devenir le symbole de l’insubordination anarchiste, le pirate a servi les desseins du colonialisme européen. Les actes de piraterie ont historiquement participé à la construction matérielle et à « l’organisation criminelle » des États européens. Entre 1500 et 1713, les actes de piraterie, loin d’être universellement combattus, ont systématiquement été instrumentalisés par les monarques afin d’affaiblir d’autres souverains ennemis ou concurrents sur le plan économique. Ce n’est qu’une fois l’équilibre des puissances maritimes atteint que la piraterie sera progressivement combattue par la communauté des États européens. La piraterie deviendra alors la catégorie juridique résiduelle par excellence permettant de regrouper, d’occulter et d’écarter les obstacles au commerce des Empires coloniaux européens. La piraterie fut donc instrumentalisée par les États, puis criminalisée pour légitimer les politiques répressives de ces mêmes États.
VIWA: COMPUTER INTERFACE DEVICE FOR PARALYZED PEOPLE USING BREATH PRESSURE
Authors: Bodaghi Taher , Karami Mohammad Reza , Jazayeriy Hamid 
Published: March 2016

The VIWA system has been developed to provide computer access for paralyzed people. The system detects the users’ breath pressure with an electrical board and translates it to the location coordinates in computer display screen. The user navigates mouse cursor by specifying the coordination of x and y. A graphical keyboard has been designed to provide text-entry ability with text-to-speech embedded feature. The system is platform-independent and can be run in every client side devices. A group of 10 people without disabilities tested the VIWA and quickly learned how to use it to spell out messages or interact with computer. Ten people with disabilities also tried the system. The measured mistakes and time are showing that the user is capable to control the mouse cursor with the accuracy of 99.8%. The average time of experiment shows that users can reach their speed of writing to 7.9 words/min after two attempts.
Use of a Comprehensive Program to Reduce the Incidence of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Swafford Katie , Culpepper Rachel , Dunn Christina 
Published: March 2016

Background
Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) are a costly and largely preventable complication occurring in a variety of acute care settings. Because they are considered preventable, stage III and IV HAPUs are not reimbursed by Medicare.

Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of a formal, year-long HAPU prevention program in an adult intensive care unit, with a goal of achieving at least a 50% reduction in 2013, compared with 2011.

Methods
Planning for the prevention program began in 2012, and the program was rolled out in the first quarter of 2013. Program components included use of Braden scores, a revised skin care protocol, fluidized repositioners, and silicone gel adhesive dressings. Efforts were made to educate and motivate staff and encourage them to be more proactive in detecting patients at risk of HAPUs.

Results
Incidence of HAPUs in the unit was reduced by 69% (n = 17; 3% of patients in 2013 vs n = 45, 10% of patients in 2011), despite a 22% increase in patient load. The potential cost saving as a result of this decrease was approximately $1 million.

Conclusions
A comprehensive, proactive, collaborative ulcer prevention program based on staff education and a focus on adherence to protocols for patient care can be an effective way to reduce the incidence of HAPUs in intensive care units.
Bereavement Services Offered in Adult Intensive Care Units in the United States
Authors: McAdam Jennifer L. , Erikson Alyssa 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundLosing a loved one in the intensive care unit (ICU) is stressful for family members. Providing bereavement support to them is recommended. However, little is known about the prevalence of bereavement services implemented in adult ICUs.ObjectiveTo describe current bereavement follow-up services in adult ICUs.MethodA cross-sectional prospective study design was used. ICU nurse leaders completed a 26-item online survey posted in the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses e-newsletter. The survey contained questions about current practices in bereavement care. Data were collected for 1 month and were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 237 ICU nurse leaders responded to the survey. Hospital and ICU types were diverse, with most being community (n = 81, 34.2%) and medical (n = 61, 25.7%). Most respondents reported that their ICUs (n = 148, 62.4%) did not offer bereavement follow-up services, and many barriers were noted. When bereavement follow-up care was offered, it was mainly informal (eg, condolence cards, brochures). Multiple logistic regression indicated that ICUs in hospitals with palliative care were almost 8 times (odds ratio, 7.66) more likely to provide bereavement support than were ICUs in hospitals without palliative care.ConclusionsThe study findings provide insight into what type of bereavement evaluation methods are being used, what barriers are present that hinder use of bereavement follow-up services, and potential interventions to overcome those barriers in adult ICUs in the United States.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Decrease Job Burnout in First-Year Internal Medicine Residents Using a Facilitated Discussion Group Intervention
Authors: Ripp Jonathan A. , Fallar Robert , Korenstein Deborah 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Burnout is common in internal medicine (IM) trainees and is associated with depression and suboptimal patient care. Facilitated group discussion reduces burnout among practicing clinicians.Background

We hypothesized that this type of intervention would reduce incident burnout among first-year IM residents.Objective

Between June 2013 and May 2014, participants from a convenience sample of 51 incoming IM residents were randomly assigned (in groups of 3) to the intervention or a control. Twice-monthly theme-based discussion sessions (18 total) led by expert facilitators were held for intervention groups. Surveys were administered at study onset and completion. Demographic and personal characteristics were collected. Burnout and burnout domains were the primary outcomes. Following convention, we defined burnout as a high emotional exhaustion or depersonalization score on the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Methods

All 51 eligible residents participated; 39 (76%) completed both surveys. Initial burnout prevalence (10 of 21 [48%] versus 7 of 17 [41%], P = .69), incidence of burnout at year end (9 of 11 [82%] versus 5 of 10 [50%], P = .18), and secondary outcomes were similar in intervention and control arms. More residents in the intervention group had high year-end depersonalization scores (18 of 21 [86%] versus 9 of 17 [53%], P = .04). Many intervention residents revealed that sessions did not truly free them from clinical or educational responsibilities.Results

A facilitated group discussion intervention did not decrease burnout in resident physicians. Future discussion-based interventions for reducing resident burnout should be voluntary and effectively free participants from clinical duties.Conclusions