bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flagging potential fraudulent investment activity
Authors: King Jeremy , van Vuuren Gary Wayne 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the use of the bias ratio as a possible early indicator of financial fraud – specifically in the reporting of hedge fund returns. In the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, numerous hedge funds were liquidated and several cases of financial fraud exposed.

Design/methodology/approach
Risk-adjusted return metrics such as the Sharpe ratio and Value at Risk were used to raise suspicion for fraud. These metrics, however, assume distributional normality and thus have had limited success with hedge fund returns (a characteristic of which is highly skewed, non-normal return distributions).

Findings
Results indicate that potential fraud would have been detected in the early stages of the scheme’s life. Having demonstrated the credibility of the bias ratio, it was then applied to several indices and (anonymous) South African hedge funds. The results were used to demonstrate the ratio’s scope and robustness and draw attention to other metrics which could be used in conjunction with it. Results from these multiple sources could be used to justify further investigation.

Research limitations/implications
The traditional metrics for performance evaluation (such as the Sharpe ratio), assume distributional normality and thus have had limited success with hedge fund returns (a characteristic of which is highly skewed, non-normal return distributions). The bias ratio, which does not rely on normally distributed returns, was applied to a known fraud case (Madoff’s Ponzi scheme).

Practical implications
The effectiveness of the bias ratio in demonstrating potential suspicious financial activity has been demonstrated.

Originality/value
The financial market has come under heightened scrutiny in the past decade (2005 – 2015) as a result of the fragile and uncertain economic milieu that still (2015) persists. Numerous risk and return measures have been used to evaluate hedge funds’ risk-adjusted performance, but many fail to account for non-normal return distributions exhibited by hedge funds. The bias ratio, however, has been demonstrated to effectively flag potentially fraudulent funds.
Building anti-corruption compliance through national integrity system in Indonesia
Authors: Lukito Anastasia Suhartati 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The significant role of anti-corruption compliance should be encouraged to create good business and investment climate. Especially, in the circumstances of higher number of bribery and corruption cases, whilst preparing for Asian Economic Community, the necessary actions to reduce the financial crime and economic crime should be fostered into all aspects of business activities. To reduce bribery and corruption cases in Indonesia, National Integrity System as part of National Strategy on Corruption Prevention and Eradication is urged to be conducted. With the implementation of National Integrity System among all public or governmental institutions and private institutions, the institutions itself will be strengthened. National Integrity System should be implemented through all the people, process and technology in the organizations. So, at the end, the purpose of this paper is to prevent any financial crime, particularly in the Indonesian anti-corruption regime.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores and analyzes anti-bribery regulations and the important role of National Integrity System as the prevention approach to build anti-corruption compliance in Indonesia.

Findings
The National Integrity System and Anti-Corruption Compliance can be viewed as important elements for preventing any financial crime. The new perspective is needed for all of the public institutions and private institutions to build and implement National Integrity System in all business activities. Furthermore, all of business society has a significant role of developing the sustainable good business environment in Indonesia. Encouraging National Integrity System in every business sector is also a way to achieve the last purpose, which is to strengthen economic competitiveness.

Practical implications
The paper can be a source to explore about the National Integrity System and Anti-Corruption Compliance based on Indonesia perspectives.

Originality/value
This paper gives contributions by encouraging the public and private institutions to build anti-corruption compliance by implementing National Integrity System within their organizational culture to prevent financial crime and lead to sustainable economic growth.
An examination of judicial independence in China
Authors: Fairbairn William 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider and evaluate judicial independence in China, through reviewing the value in its presence, assessing its current state in China and evaluating what the future holds for it.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the benefits of judicial independence in its support of the rule of law. Following this, an evaluation of the current independence of the judiciary in China is presented. The reforms of the judiciary in the Fourth Plenary Session and the outlook for judicial independence in China are assessed.

Findings
The paper finds that judicial independence in China cannot be said to exist, being vulnerable to influence from a variety of sources. There is, however, progress observed, and this is expected to continue.

Originality/value
This paper’s consideration of judicial independence in China and its outlook are framed with discussions of the relationships between judicial independence and the rule of law, and the Chinese state and the rule of law. The paper should thus contribute to discussion of the development trajectory of China in this important facet.
Limit Up–Limit Down: an effective response to the “Flash Crash”?
Authors: Dalko Viktoria 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the US Securities and Exchange Commission’s new regulation, Limit Up–Limit Down (LULD), against the background of manipulative high-frequency trading (HFT).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the background of HFT and related manipulative tactics by reviewing 43 articles of empirical research. It also examines areas in which LULD is effective and those in which LULD fails. The assessment of LULD is completed with a comparison between computerized regulation and legal enforcement in the contemporary reality of electronic trading platforms.

Findings
The paper points out the effectiveness of LULD in regulating wild price volatility as well as its insufficiency when facing orderly but fast price momentum ignited by manipulative HFT such as “spoofing”.

Practical implications
The findings may provide assistance to lawmakers and regulators to improve LULD regulation.

Originality/value
This paper is the first attempt to assess LULD regulation against a comprehensive background of manipulative HFT. The paper is of value to other researchers concerned about the instability to the equity market that manipulative HFT can create. The paper is also of interest to policymakers in designing effective regulation in the high-frequency era.
Bad apples or corrupting barrels? Preventing traders’ misconduct
Authors: Scholten Wieke , Ellemers Naomi 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to identify social psychological root causes of misconduct by traders and offers practical guidelines to prevent misconduct.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use insights on social psychological mechanisms to examine current business practices observed in the context of supervisory activities. Case examples were collected at Dutch and European banks, including major institutions. This is an opinion peace that interprets regulator experiences from a social psychological perspective.

Findings
The authors characterize standard responses to misconduct in trading as reactive and elucidate why this “bad apples” perspective is insufficiently effective. As an alternative, the authors address the social psychological root causes of misconduct within trading teams. The “corrupting barrels” model identifies ineffective error approaches, outcome inequality and dysfunctional moral climates as contextual root causes in team dynamics. The model uses current insights from empirical research in psychology to do so.

Practical implications
This paper specifies practical guidelines that help prevent future misconduct among traders.

Originality/value
Addressing the contextual root causes of misconduct at the team level will help banks and financial supervisors to improve their effectiveness in preventing misconduct. In the context of standard “bad apples” approaches, the “corrupting barrels” model offers an original perspective.
Effect of paternalistic leadership style on subordinate’s trust: an Indian study
Authors: Rawat Preeti S. , Lyndon Shiji 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of paternalistic leadership of the boss on the trust of the subordinate.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study adopted survey method to test the hypotheses. Paternalistic leadership style was measured by a 24-item scale developed by Cheng et al. (2004). Trust was measured by a four-item scale by Schoorman and Ballinger (2006). Data were collected from a sample of 253 respondents.

Findings
The results show that in India, paternalistic leadership style leads to subordinate trust. The result further found that though benevolent and moral leadership leads to trust, authoritarian leadership does not lead to formation of trust.

Practical implications
The study has important implications in areas like managing leader–member relations, leadership training and team efficacy.

Originality/value
Leadership researchers in Indian context have largely adopted etic approach which attempts to generalize Western leadership theory to Indian context. However, uncritical adaptation of techniques developed in Western context may not be effective in the Indian cultural environment. The concept of paternalistic leadership was developed in Chinese context, but as India scores high on paternalism, the present study uses the paternalistic leadership style to study its effect on subordinate’s trust on leader.
Impact of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) on US textile and apparel manufacturing
Authors: Lu Sheng 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate the potential impact of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) on US textile and apparel manufacturing.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) computable general equilibrium model based on the latest GTAP9 database.FindingsThe findings of the study suggest that: the “yarn-forward” rule will not work effectively in the context of TPP; and the development of Vietnam’s local textile industry is a critical threat to the survival of US textile and apparel (T&A) manufacturing in the long run.Originality/valueThe findings of the study augment the understanding of the T&A-specific sectoral impact of TPP and address the particular concerns of the US T&A manufacturers with regard to the new business environment and the possible scenarios after the implementation of the agreement.
Brand marketing programs and consumer loyalty – evidence from mobile phone users in an emerging market
Authors: Odoom Raphael 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The paper aims to examine brand marketing efforts and consumer loyalty among mobile phone users. By recognizing different levels of loyalty, the study assesses the degree of importance of the brand marketing programs on high and low loyalty consumer segments within an emerging market context.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a sample of 1,000 consumers of three mobile phone brands. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were used in evaluating scale measures, whereas cluster analysis was used to create consumer loyalty segments. Analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the brand marketing programs within high and low segments before multi-group logistic regressions to assess the impact of brand marketing efforts on consumer loyalty.

Findings
Four principal brand marketing efforts were identified from the data, with varying degrees of importance among high and low loyalty consumer segments. Additionally, from the logistic regression analyzes, the brand marketing efforts exhibited various likelihood results on brand-specific loyalties among consumers of the mobile phone brands.

Originality/value
The findings provide evidence to issues of potential research and managerial interest, with implications to the academic and practitioner communities. Particularly for firms seeking to enter emerging markets, the findings presented in this study provide an understanding of some consumer dynamics in such settings.
Determinants of extended warranty prices for consumer durables
Authors: Estelami Hooman , De Maeyer Peter , Estelami Nicholas 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Research in marketing has extensively examined the signaling effects of product warranties on consumer perceptions. Although this stream of research has focused on initial product warranties offered by the manufacturer, studies of extended warranties, which protect consumers against product breakdowns beyond the warranty constraints of the manufacturer, are relatively scarce. This paper aims to empirically establish the effects of variables which influence the pricing of extended warranties for consumer durables.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data on over 8,000 product offers in six durable goods categories, drivers of the annual premiums for extended warranties are empirically identified. Bivariate and multi-level hierarchical linear regression methods are used to establish the effects of factors which may drive the prices of extended warranties.

Findings
The results reveal that the standardized annual premiums for extended warranties systematically vary across product categories and brands and are further affected by the retailer’s decision to use odd price endings for the sold product and the extended warranty. The influences of warranty length and price level of the protected product on extended warranty premiums are also empirically established.

Research limitations/implications
The findings indicate systematic variations in extended warranty prices as a result of the factors studied. Future research can extend this line of inquiry by utilizing alternative means of data gathering.

Practical implications
Given that marketers often cross-sell many consumer durable goods with extended warranty policies, and considering the growth in consumer spending in this category, as well as the high retail margins associated with extended warranties, this paper contributes to the understanding of the mechanism by which extended warranty prices are determined in the marketplace.

Originality/value
This is the first study to examine the determinants of extended warranty prices, as past studies have been normative and non-empirical in nature.
An exploratory study on the development of women entrepreneurs: Indian cases
Authors: Agarwal Sucheta , Lenka Usha 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
For establishing self-esteem and recognition in society, women are attracted towards entrepreneurship. To sustain in the competitive market, businesses carried out by women are mainly dependent on internal resources and their capabilities based on which they try to compete with the external environment. Thus, the aim of the paper is to study the role of internal and external factors in the development of women enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative approach was used based on multiple case studies from India to propose the conceptual framework on the development of enterprises.

Findings
To achieve success, enterprise makes full utilisation of the internal and external factors. The findings suggested that support from family, friends, society, government, non-governmental organisations and financial institutions as well as skills and abilities of an entrepreneur are accountable for initiation and growth of the venture.

Originality/value
This study provides the futuristic direction to policymakers and educators for focusing on the enhancement of women entrepreneurship which plays a crucial role in the economic growth of the country.
Change communication can be so simple! The empathic change communication style
Authors: Düren Petra 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Deliberate large-scale changes in libraries need an accompanying change management. One of the essential success factors of change management is the communication process, as insensitive communication, using e.g. ambiguous wording or inappropriate tonality can cause great damage throughout the change process. Expert interviews with library managers did show that this change communication does not have to be something elaborate and outstanding using all new technological possibilities, but can be kept simple as the most important factors are to give enough information and to get into a conversation, a personal dialogue with team members. The purpose of this paper is to show the details of a change communication style which enables leaders to cope with deliberate large-scale changes.

Design/methodology/approach
The empathic change communication style (ECCo-Style) will be analyzed and described on the basis of an extensive literature research as well as a qualitative research on practical experiences of leaders of different hierarchical levels of academic and public libraries during the change processes.

Findings
The leader’s own action – and with this his or her communication style – has a signaling effect on team members of which each leader needs to be aware of and which can be used to release an enormous pulse, especially during the change processes.

Originality/value
This ECCo-Style is newly designed.
eLearning integration in the library: a case study
Authors: Han Yiye , Yates Steven 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Monash University Library (MUL) has embraced eLearning as a strategy in its contribution to information research and learning skills development within the university. The purpose of this paper is to describe an evaluation of the implementation of the strategy with recommendations for sustaining and improving practice.

Design/methodology/approach
The evaluation is divided into four categories using a mixed methods methodology for evidence gathering. Quantitative and qualitative data are obtained from both primary and secondary sources for an enriched understanding of practices.

Findings
Findings suggest that library staff have gained knowledge and skills indicating a sustainable strategy. However, further work is required to sustain staff development and support staff requirements in the long term.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited by its wide focus. Although this is mostly resolved through the use of multiple data collection methods, the thoroughness of the evaluation may have suffered while attempting to be comprehensive.

Practical implications
The conclusions of this evaluation as well as methods of its execution can be shared with other institutions wishing to produce eLearning resources in a sustainable and effective manner.

Originality/value
MUL develops its eLearning resources in-house, whereas many other institutions outsource. The findings of this case study could be viewed as a positive indication of this in-house practice, which in turn might inform other organisations who are looking for a financially beneficial eLearning alternative.
Differentiation in organizational structures of university libraries in Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Ahsan 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Differentiation is an important dimension of organizational structure, as it is the building block of organizational structure upon which organizations are based. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of differentiation in central libraries of leading universities in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Multiple quantitative methods were used to carry out this research. Structured questionnaire, perusal of organizational documents and observation of library section were used to collect data for this study.

Findings
Majority of libraries have divided the entire library operations into five to eight departments, and acquisition, circulation and periodical sections are created in almost all the libraries included in the sample. Unity of command principle is applied at only the section level, but dual chain of command is prevalent for personnel working under the two hierarchical levels, i.e. section head and library head, as they have to report to both of them. In majority of libraries, average span of control ranges from five to ten personnel for the library head and from six to seven personnel for the section head.

Originality/value
No such study is conducted in Pakistan. This study has identified the levels of differentiation and will guide academic library executives in creating a balance in the levels of differentiation to accomplish the objectives of the organization.
Contributing factors in knowledge sharing for performance of university students in teachers’ training programs
Authors: Shah Syed Rahmatullah , Mahmood Khalid 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study stated effects of independent variables of trust, social networks, and information and communication technologies (ICTs) on explicit and tacit knowledge. Further, it explained contributions of explicit and tacit knowledge to performance in academic environment.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on research model of hypothetical relationships of various criterion and predictor variables. Structural equation model was used in which research model was analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings
Some criterion variables were observed for predictor variables of explicit and tacit knowledge. It was observed that explicit knowledge contributed indirectly and tacit knowledge contributed directly to overall performance. Current research explained explicit and tacit knowledge as contributors for performance. It also explained effects and patterns of explicit and tacit knowledge toward performance.

Originality/value
This research highlighted that the effects of contributing factors for explicit and tacit knowledge have variations in response to socio-economic and geo-political circumstances. These variations can be expected from other issues like use and access of ICTs. But contributing pattern of knowledge for performance remains same.