bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face-Lifts and Their Long-Term Results
Authors: Botti Giovanni 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The literature on face-lifting over its history varies from simple to complex. It can be difficult to determine which technique is best for each individual patient. We collected a series sufficiently large to show valid conclusions up to 6 years postoperatively. Materials and Methods: Between January 1987 and January 1997, 348 female and 26 male patients underwent face-lifting. Based on complexity of the procedure, the cases were stratified into 5 groups. Group A had limited skin undermining out to 5 cm, with submuscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) plication (21 patients). Group B had longer skin flaps with undermining out to 10 cm, with SMAS plication (27 patients). Group C had skin undermining out to 7–8 cm and sub-SMAS dissection to the anterior border of the parotid, with myofascial imbrication (136 patients). Group D had skin undermining and sub-SMAS dissection to the caudal limit of the melolabial groove and mandibular ligament and for 7–8 cm below the platysma, with myofascial imbrication (153 patients). Group E had composite lifts according to Hamra (37 patients). At 2 and 6 years' follow-up, patients were evaluated in a blinded fashion with direct observation by 2 nurses and with photographic comparisons made by 3 independent surgeons. Results: Two-year follow-up evaluations were performed for 189 patients. Six-year follow-up evaluations were performed for 128 patients. At 2 years, the degree of improvement tended to favor the more complex techniques, and at 6 years, it definitely favored the more complex techniques. Complications were: 10 hematomas, evenly distributed among the groups; 13 cases of temporary facial nerve weakness, with a higher percentage in groups D and E; 4 skin sloughs, 1 for group B and 3 for group D; and no infections. Discussion: While some patients can obtain satisfactory results with skin undermining and SMAS plication, the majority of our patients enjoyed longer-lasting results with more complex face-lifts, encompassing SMAS dissection and imbrication.
Fat Transplantation and Autologous Collagen: A Decade of Experience
Authors: Pinski Kevin S. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Soft tissue has been augmented with adipose fat for many years. The more traditional approach has involved the placement of adipose tissue into the subcutis to correct cosmetic defects and to rejuvenate the face by increasing the tissue volume in atrophied areas. More recently, constituents of this tissue have been used as a dermal filler substance termed autologous collagen. The purpose of this study is to describe the author's experience, over the past decade, with adipose tissue as a filler substance. Materials and Methods: The technique described involves extracting fat from a donor site and discarding the tumescent fluid leaving “pure fat,” which is transferred into 3-mL syringes. If a dermal filler is needed, sterile distilled water is added to the harvested adipose tissue and this is then processed into autologous collagen. This material is then injected with a 25-gauge needle into the dermis for superficial augmentation. Results: Utilizing this approach, superficial and deep defects can be successfully corrected with adipose tissue.
Fat Transfer for the Correction of Divots from Liposuction
Authors: Fulton James E. , Rahimi A. David , Helton Peter 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: As liposuction becomes more popular, divots and irregularities will be more common. These can happen to patients of new inexperienced operators or to those of the best technicians. The key to divot management is rapid correction. The objective of this study was to ascertain if the divot could be rapidly corrected with local liposhifting or free fat transfer from other liposuction sites. Method and Materials: Ten patients were examined for this study (either our patients or referrals). Results for three patients that received corrective fat transfer are presented in detail. As soon as a divot was discovered, whether intraoperatively or postoperatively, it was corrected by fat transfer. If necessary, in older cases the fibrotic trabeculae in the area of the divot were subcised. The fat was either shifted into the site locally or collected from another site following tumescent liposuction. This free fat was transferred to Lipoject injection guns or to 20-cm3 syringes. After allowing the fat to concentrate by gravity, the fat was infiltrated into the area of the divot in a retrograde fashion. A donut of Reston foam was applied around the infiltrate and allowed to stay in place during the first 5 days after the operation. Remaining fat was frozen for future use. If necessary, a second injection session was done in 2 to 3 months. Results: In each case, the divot was elevated and partially resolved during the first injection session and, usually, completely corrected with a second or third session. Conclusion: It is important to correct the divot early in the postoperative period, whether intraoperatively or as it is recognized postoperatively before the tissue develops fibrosis and contracts down. If the correction is done early in the course of recovery, the tissue is elevated easily with one or two transfer sessions. Older cases may require subcision before fat is placed in the pocket.
Semantic Examination of a Japanese Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression
Authors: Saint Arnault Denise , Hatashita Hiroyo , Suzuki Hitomi 
Published: January 2017

Background Cross-cultural research relies on the linguistic, conceptual, and semantic equivalence of instruments. Widely used translations of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) for cross-cultural samples should be analyzed to reaffirm conceptual and semantic equivalence. Purpose This methodological study aimed to discover and resolve problematic translations of a Japanese version of the CESD. Design Sequential explanatory mixed method design using spiraling integration. Methods Sample includes 34 first-generation Japanese women living in the US and 72 community-based women in Japan. Ethnographic analysis of the semantic meanings of items was followed by t tests to compare original and retranslated item means, as well as Cronbach’s reliability and corrected item-total correlations analyses. Results Six problematic items were retranslated: bothered, failure, hope, restless sleep, happiness, and “getting going.” Reliabilities for the CESD that included the new CESD item translations were the same; however, most item-scale correlations were higher for the revised translations across the two groups. Conclusions We conclude that both failure and “getting going” may be culturally bound items. Implications for cross-cultural and ethnographic nursing research include planning mini-ethnographic analysis when using translations to discover and reconcile cultural differences in connotations, motivations, and goals.
Current Status of Tests for Periodontal Disease
Authors: Lamster I.B. , Celenti R.S. , Jans H.H. , Fine J.B. , Grbic J.T. 
Published: January 2017

The methods applied to the diagnosis of periodontal disease are changing. Historically, static clinical and radiographic parameters have formed the basis of the periodontal evaluation. As the limitations of these traditional procedures became clear, several new techniques have been proposed as diagnostic tests for periodontal disease. These tests are based on improved understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, and can be considered in three categories: assessment of physical changes in the periodontium, the bacterial infection, and the host response to the infection. Several technical questions must be addressed before these tests can be widely utilized. These specific concerns include such matters as the information available from the tests (e.g., Does the test provide a measure of disease severity or identify the site, region, or patient experiencing active disease?), the most appropriate test configurations, the statistical analysis of data from trials examining the accuracy of the tests, and selection of patients who would benefit from these procedures. Last, several important practical issues must be examined before these tests can be expected to gain widespread acceptance. These include familiarization of dental practitioners with the use of diagnostic tests and the medical laboratory, the role of regulatory agencies in determining the claims made by these tests, and the medical/dental insurance benefits provided for these services.
Evaluating Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Douglass C.W. 
Published: January 2017

The presentations at this conference will discuss new technologies and rapid scientific developments that have resulted in new diagnostic tests for periodontal disease, musculoskeletal imaging, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, and incipient coronal and root dental caries. However, for many of these claims, there has been insufficient scientific support regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the tests, or their ability to predict the percent of cases in which the disease or condition progresses to the next state of development. Research is needed that will yield the basic diagnostic parameters of new diagnostic tests, i.e., their accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The purpose and methods for calculating each of these measures are described in this paper. Five questions are then presented that will need to be addressed in future research regarding new diagnostic tests: (1) Does the scientific theory of the test fit with our current body of knowledge? (2) Have the efficacy parameters of the test been reliably determined? (3) How does the test affect clinical decision-making? (4) Does using the test improve the patient's health? and (5) Is the added expense of the test justified by increased effectiveness or by avoiding other health expenditures?
Is ultrasonography useful for population studies on schistosomiasis mansoni? An evaluation based on a survey on a population from Kome Island, Tanzania
Authors: Asztely Mats SL , Eriksson Bo , Gabone Reverianus M , Nilsson Lars-Åke 
Published: January 2017

Background Observation of characteristic alterations at liver ultrasonography in clinical schistosomiasis mansoni cases has initiated utilization of this examination method in population surveys in areas where this disease is endemic. Purpose To present results of liver ultrasonography and their relation to epidemiological data of a population in an area endemic for S. mansoni, to estimate the precision of classification of periportal anatomy changes known as periportal fibrosis (PPF), and to evaluate the relevance of ultrasonography in epidemiological studies on S. mansoni. Material and Methods A total of 459 inhabitants on Kome Island, Lake Victoria, Tanzania were examined by ultrasound with image documentation by locally trained personnel. A subsample of this population, 116 individuals, was subject to ultrasonography by two examiners independently. Separately, the images were classified for PPF according to the Managil protocol, twice for the subsample. Results PPF could be classified for 458 individuals; 64% and 36% were classified as I or II, respectively; none was classified as 0; only one as III. Results were similar for the subsample examined twice. Comparing the two separate classifications of all 232 sets of images of the subsample gave a Kappa (K) value of 0.50. When comparing the classifications of each of the two different examinations of the same individuals of the subsample, K values of 0.29 and 0.34 for the first and second classification, respectively, were obtained. Conclusion Ultrasonography does not appear to correlate well with disease stage. Presently, it should not be utilized for staging of schistosoma mansoni-related liver damage in population surveys.
Billionaire Wealth, Firm Performance and Financial Crisis: An Empirical Analysis for India
Authors: Ghosh Saibal 
Published: January 2017

Employing data for 2001–2012, the article analyzes the factors impacting the wealth of Indian billionaires and the performance and innovative activity of firms which these billionaires represent. The analysis indicates that billionaires in rent-thick sectors have higher wealth levels, on average. As well, the evidence also supports lower wealth for self-made and entrepreneurial billionaires. The findings also reveal that self-interested actions by billionaires tend to raise agency costs, which, in turn, dampens profitability and firm value. Finally, there is evidence which suggests a tendency on the part of billionaires to block innovative activity. JEL Classification: D31, N35, P52
Taxable Capacity, Tax Efforts and Structural Break: Do the Child States Follow Their Respective Parents?
Authors: Maurya Nagendra Kumar , Singh Sapana , Khare Shagun 
Published: January 2017

The present article makes an attempt to test the hypothesis whether smaller states have better fiscal efficiency in terms of own tax revenue collections or not. This has been tested by taking the case of three states Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar with their child states Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, respectively. For this purpose tax buoyancy, tax capacity and efforts, and structural break models—Chow test (with known break points) and Quandt likelihood ratio (QLR) test (with unknown break points), to see the impact of value added tax (VAT) on own tax revenue (OTR)—have been estimated. Log-log regression model was adopted for both calculating tax buoyancies and taxable capacity of each parent and child state. However, we did not find any conclusive evidence that child states have better tax buoyancy or tax efforts. On the basis of our observations, we concluded that the size of the state is not a major determinant affecting revenue efficiency of the state. Other supplementary policies like efficient tax administration, developed industrial sector, reduced exemptions and concessions, broad-based and effective tax rates are equally important. JEL Classification: H11, H21, H71, R50
Suture-Only Repair Versus Suture Anchor–Augmented Repair for Achilles Tendon Ruptures With a Short Distal Stump
Authors: Boin Michael A. , Dorweiler Matthew A. , McMellen Christopher J. , Gould Gregory C. , Laughlin Richard T. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinosis can result in an acute Achilles tendon rupture with a short distal stump. In such tendon ruptures, there is a limited amount of adequate tissue that can hold suture, thus presenting a challenge for surgeons who elect to treat the rupture operatively. Hypothesis: Adding suture anchors to the repair construct may result in biomechanically stronger repairs compared with a suture-only technique. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nine paired Achilles-calcaneus complexes were harvested from cadavers. An artificial Achilles rupture was created 2 cm proximal to the insertion on the calcaneus. One specimen from each cadaver was assigned to a suture-only or a suture anchor–augmented repair. The contralateral specimen of the same cadaver received the opposing repair. Cyclic testing was then performed at 10 to 100 N for 2000 cycles, and load-to-failure testing was performed at 0.2 mm/s. This was followed by analysis of repair displacement, gapping at repair site, peak load to failure, and failure mode. Results: The suture anchor–augmented repair exhibited a 116% lower displacement compared with the suture-only repair (mean ± SD, 1.54 ± 1.13 vs 3.33 ± 1.47 mm, respectively; P < .03). The suture anchor–augmented repair also exhibited a 45% greater load to failure compared with the suture-only repair (303.50 ± 102.81 vs 209.09 ± 48.12 N, respectively; P < .04). Conclusion: Suture anchor–augmented repairs performed on acute Achilles tendon ruptures with a short distal stump are biomechanically stronger than suture-only repairs. Clinical Relevance: Our results support the use of suture anchor–augmented repairs for a biomechanically stronger construct in Achilles tendon ruptures with a short distal stump. Biomechanically stronger repairs may lead to less tendon repair gapping and failure, increasing the ability to start early active rehabilitation protocols and thus improving patient outcomes.
An international registry of survivors with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome
Authors: Songdej Duantida , Babbs Christian , Higgs Douglas R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome (BHFS) resulting from α0-thalassemia is considered a universally fatal disorder. However, over the last 3 decades, improvements in intrauterine interventions and perinatal intensive care have resulted in increasing numbers of BHFS survivors. We have initiated an international registry containing information on 69 patients, of which 31 are previously unpublished. In this perspective, we analyze the available clinical information to document the natural history of BHFS. In the future, once we have accrued sufficient cases, we aim to build on this study and provide information to allow counseling of at-risk couples. To date, 39 patients have survived beyond the age of 5 years, 18 of whom are now older than 10 years. Based on the available cases, we find evidence to suggest that intrauterine therapy provides benefits during the perinatal and neonatal period; however, it may not provide additional benefits to long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Growth retardation is a major adverse long-term outcome among BHFS patients with ∼40% being severely affected in terms of weight and ∼50% in terms of height. There is also an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay as we find 20% (11/55) of BHFS survivors suffer from a serious delay of ≥6 months. Most patients in the registry require lifelong transfusion and often have associated congenital abnormalities and comorbidities. This perspective is a first step in gathering information to allow provision of informed counseling on the predicted outcomes of affected babies.
The international primary ciliary dyskinesia cohort (iPCD Cohort): methods and first results
Authors: Goutaki Myrofora , Maurer Elisabeth , Halbeisen Florian S. , Amirav Israel , Barbato Angelo , Behan Laura , Boon Mieke , Casaulta Carmen , Clement Annick , Crowley Suzanne , Haarman Eric , Hogg Claire , Karadag Bulent , Koerner-Rettberg Cordula , Leigh Margaret W. , Loebinger Michael R. , Mazurek Henryk , Morgan Lucy , Nielsen Kim G. , Omran Heymut , Schwerk Nicolaus , Scigliano Sergio , Werner Claudius , Yiallouros Panayiotis , Zivkovic Zorica , Lucas Jane S. , Kuehni Claudia E. 
Published: January 2017

Data on primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) epidemiology is scarce and published studies are characterised by low numbers. In the framework of the European Union project BESTCILIA we aimed to combine all available datasets in a retrospective international PCD cohort (iPCD Cohort).We identified eligible datasets by performing a systematic review of published studies containing clinical information on PCD, and by contacting members of past and current European Respiratory Society Task Forces on PCD. We compared the contents of the datasets, clarified definitions and pooled them in a standardised format.As of April 2016 the iPCD Cohort includes data on 3013 patients from 18 countries. It includes data on diagnostic evaluations, symptoms, lung function, growth and treatments. Longitudinal data are currently available for 542 patients. The extent of clinical details per patient varies between centres. More than 50% of patients have a definite PCD diagnosis based on recent guidelines. Children aged 10–19 years are the largest age group, followed by younger children (≤9 years) and young adults (20–29 years).This is the largest observational PCD dataset available to date. It will allow us to answer pertinent questions on clinical phenotype, disease severity, prognosis and effect of treatments, and to investigate genotype–phenotype correlations.
Respiratory illness in children with disability: a serious problem?
Authors: Proesmans Marijke 
Published: January 2017

Key pointsChildren with neurocognitive impairment often present with chronic or recurrent respiratory problems.The respiratory problems have an important impact on quality of life and life expectancy.The underlying causes are multiple: risk of aspiration, insufficient cough, upper airway obstruction and progressive kyphoscoliosis.There is often a complex interplay between these known risk factors.The diagnostic and therapeutic approach should be multidisciplinary.Educational aimsTo provide data on the prevalence of respiratory problems in children with disability and to increase awareness on this topic.To provide insight into the complex interplay of the underlying causes and risk factors for chronic lung infection and respiratory failure.To give an overview of the diagnostic approaches relevant in this context.To highlight possible therapeutic approaches.To touch on ethical considerations in this group of vulnerable and complex patients.
Medical‐grade footwear: the impact of fit and comfort
Authors: Hurst Bessie , Branthwaite Helen , Greenhalgh Andrew , Chockalingam Nachiappan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPressure‐related skin lesions on the digits are a significant cause of discomfort. Most foot pain related to ill‐fitting shoes occurs in the forefoot and digital areas. Pain has been associated with poor shoe fit, reduced toe box volume, as well as contour and shape of the shoe Off‐the‐shelf medical‐grade footwear is designed as an intervention for chronic lesions on the digits. These shoes are designed with a flexible neoprene fabric upper that is thought to reduce pressure on the forefoot and reduce discomfort associated with ill‐fitting shoes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an off‐the‐shelf, medical‐grade shoe on dorsal digital pressure and perceived comfort when compared to participant's own preferred shoe.MethodsThirty participants (18 females, 12 males) scored their perceived comfort whilst wearing each footwear style using a visual analog comfort scale. Dorsal digital and interdigital pressures were measured in using the WalkinSense® in‐shoe pressure system. Sensors were placed on predetermined anatomical landmarks on the digits. Participants were randomly assigned the test shoe and their own shoe. Once wearing the shoe, the participants walked across a 6 m walkway and pressure data from each sensor was collected and processed to obtain peak pressure, time to peak pressure and contact time.ResultsParticipants scored the test shoe with higher comfort points than their own footwear. Overall peak pressure, pressure time integral and contact time decreased, whilst the time taken to reach peak pressure increased across all anatomical landmarks whilst wearing the test shoe. Statistically significant changes were observed for all of the measured variables relating to pressure on the medial border of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.ConclusionThe test shoe provided greater comfort and reduced the amount of pressure on the forefoot. The medical‐grade footwear therefore, is a viable alternative to custom made prescription footwear and is more suitable than a regular everyday shoe when treating digital lesions associated with pressure.