bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax avoidance and ex ante cost of capital
Authors: Cook Kirsten A. , Moser William J. , Omer Thomas C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examines the association between tax avoidance and ex ante cost of equity capital. Based on prior research, we develop two proxies for investors’ expectations of tax avoidance and explore whether deviations from those expectations result in higher ex ante cost of equity capital. We find that the ex ante cost of equity capital increases with tax avoidance that is either below or above investor expectations and that the increase is larger for tax avoidance that exceeds investors’ expectations. We then examine whether firms that alter their future tax avoidance exhibit a lowering of their ex ante cost of equity capital and find that tax avoidance decreases (increases) from the prior year for firms that were above (below) investors’ expectations in the prior year. These results are consistent with the trade‐off suggested by the Scholes and Wolfson framework and reinforce the notion that balancing tax benefits and non‐tax costs is an important feature of firms’ tax planning.
Sex‐dependent implications of primary productivity and conspecific density on geographical body size variation in a newt: disentangling local, large scale and genetic factors
Authors: Peñalver‐Alcázar Miguel , Martínez‐Solano Iñigo , Sequeira Fernando , Aragón Pedro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimGeographical body size variation has interested biologists since the 19th century. However, there is no consensus regarding the mechanisms involved, especially in amphibians. At the intraspecific level, different approximations and hypotheses have addressed this problem, but no study has integrated information at different spatio‐temporal ecological and (phylo)genetic scales whilst considering differences between sexes. We investigated the mechanisms involved in geographical body size variation in the Iberian newt (Lissotriton boscai), accounting for the main hypotheses potentially explaining variation in this phenotypic trait in amphibians.LocationIberian Peninsula.MethodsWe used a novel multivariate technique (partial least squares regression) that accounts for interdependence amongst variables whilst allowing for the inclusion of multiple local and macroscale predictors. We considered intraspecific genetic differentiation including information from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in populations representative of the species’ distribution. We addressed causal hypotheses of heat conservation, temperature‐related development, water and food availability, seasonality, competition and predation.ResultsAnnual primary productivity and intraspecific competition were of greatest relevance to explain body size variation in females, whilst seasonality of primary productivity was more important in males. Differences between sexes are interpreted based on previous experiments on the behavioural ecology of this species.Main conclusionsThis study shows that sex‐dependent implications of competition for food drive geographical body size variation in an urodele amphibian, supporting the density‐resource hypothesis. Our results suggest that food availability, conspecific density and competition are important in explaining intraspecific body size variation in amphibians. This study highlights how selecting model species with an experimental background can help interpret geographical variation in phenotypic traits. We emphasize the value of simultaneously considering alternative hypotheses of phenotypic variation at different ecological and (phylo)genetic spatio‐temporal scales in revealing potentially hidden relationships.
Predicting the difficulty of a transvenous lead extraction procedure: Validation of the LED index
Authors: Bontempi Luca , Vassanelli Francesca , Cerini Manuel , Inama Lorenza , Salghetti Francesca , Giacopelli Daniele , Gargaro Alessio , Raweh Abdallah , Curnis Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionA lead extraction difficulty (LED) score was proposed to predict the difficult transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedures, defined by means of the fluoroscopy time. The aim of this study was to validate the estimation model based on the LED index above 10 on an independent data set of TLE cases.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing TLE between January 2014 and January 2016 were included in this analysis. The fluoroscopy time related to the leads removal was dichotomized as above or below its 90th percentile (PCTL).ResultsIn total, 446 permanent leads were removed during 233 TLE procedures. Complete procedural success was achieved in 232 (99.1%) patients. The LED index resulted >10 in 83(35.6%) procedures. Among these cases, 20 had fluoroscopy time above the 90th PCTL (23.3 minutes) and were classified as true positive. Over the 150 procedures with LED score <10, 147 were classified as true negative, and only 3 resulted false negative. The sensitivity, the specificity, and the negative predictive value of the LED index in predicting complex cases resulted 86.9 (confidence interval [CI] 66.4–97.2)%, 70.0 (CI 63.3–76.1)%, and 98.0 (CI 94.3–99.6)%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed a 12% increased risk of high fluoroscopy for each additional point of the LED score (OR 1.12, CI 1.05–1.21, P = 0.001).ConclusionThe validation of the estimation model based on the LED index <10 confirmed its high efficacy in predicting simple TLE procedures.
Genomewide differential expression profiling of long non‐coding RNAs in androgenetic alopecia in a Chinese male population
Authors: Bao L. , Yu A. , Luo Y. , Tian T. , Dong Y. , Zong H. , Chen H. , Gao X. , Xu X. , Li Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA), or male pattern baldness (MPB), is the most common form of hair loss in males. A combination of genetic and androgen causes have been suggested as factors that contribute to the development of AGA. However, the specific molecular mechanisms that underly AGA remain largely unknown. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new class of regulatory non‐coding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides, have been shown to play important roles in a number of cellular processes, including transcription, chromosome remodelling and post‐transcriptional processing. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with many forms of diseases, but it remains unknown whether lncRNAs are associated with AGA.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify AGA‐associated lncRNAs and predict the potential roles of these lncRNAs in AGA.MethodsA genomewide microarray was used to identify lncRNAs that are differentially expressed between AGA and adjacent normal tissues. Real‐time qRT‐PCR was used to validate the microarray data.ResultsA large number of lncRNAs were differentially expressed (fold change >2.4) between AGA and adjacent normal tissues. Of these, 770 were upregulated and 1373 were downregulated. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed that 53 functional pathways were associated with the upregulated transcripts, while 11 pathways were associated with the downregulated transcripts.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate AGA‐associated lncRNAs. lncRNA profiles are altered in AGA, and these lncRNAs and their target genes may serve as novel candidates for preventing and treating AGA.
Secondary compounds from exotic tree plantations change female mating preferences in the palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus)
Authors: Iglesias‐Carrasco M. , Head M. L. , Jennions M. D. , Cabido C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSelection can favour phenotypic plasticity in mate choice in response to environmental factors that alter the costs and benefits of being choosy, or of choosing specific mates. Human‐induced environmental change could alter sexual selection by affecting the costs of mate choice, or by impairing the ability of individuals to identify preferred mates. For example, variation in mate choice could be driven by environmentally induced differences in body condition (e.g. health) that change the cost of choosiness, or by environmental effects on the ability to detect or discriminate sexual signals. We teased apart these possibilities experimentally, by comparing female mate choice in the palmate newt Lissotriton helveticus between environments that mimic water from either native oak forests or exotic eucalypt plantations. In laboratory two‐choice mate trials in clean water, females with prolonged exposure (21 days) to waterborne chemicals leached from eucalypt leaves did not preferentially associate with the male with a stronger immune response, but females exposed to water with chemicals from oak leaves did. In contrast, female choice was unaffected by the immediate presence or absence of eucalypt leachates during mate choice (using only females previously held in oak‐treated water). The habitat‐related change in female choice we observed is likely to be driven by effects of eucalypt leachates on female physiology, rather than immediate inhibition of pheromone transmission or blocking of pheromone reception.
Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23 Concentration in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Harjes L.M. , Parker V.J. , Dembek K. , Young G.S. , Giovaninni L.H. , Kogika M.M. , Chew D.J. , Toribio R.E. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hyperphosphatemia, decreased vitamin D metabolite concentrations, and hyperparathyroidism. This syndrome is known asCKD‐mineral bone disorder (CKD‐MBD). Recently, it has been shown that an increase in fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) concentration is an early biomarker ofCKDin people. It is an independent risk factor for both progression of renal disease and survival time in humans and cats withCKD. Information aboutFGF‐23 in healthy dogs and those withCKDis lacking.ObjectivesTo measureFGF‐23 concentration in dogs with different stages ofCKDand determine its association with factors involved inCKD‐MBD, including serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. A secondary aim was to validate anELISAfor measurement of plasmaFGF‐23 concentration in dogs.AnimalsThirty‐two client‐owned dogs with naturally occurringCKDand 10 healthy control dogs.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study. AnFGF‐23ELISAwas used to measure plasmaFGF‐23 concentration in dogs and their association with serum creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, andPTHconcentrations.ResultsPlasmaFGF‐23 concentrations increased with severity ofCKDand were significantly different betweenIRISstages 1 and 2 versus stages 3 and 4 (P< .0001). Increases inFGF‐23 concentrations were more frequent than hyperparathyroidism or hyperphosphatemia in this cohort. Serum creatinine and phosphorus concentrations were the strongest independent predictors ofFGF‐23 concentration.Conclusions and clinical importancePlasmaFGF‐23 concentrations increase in dogs withCKDas disease progresses. PlasmaFGF‐23 concentrations appear to be useful for further study of the pathophysiology ofCKD‐MBDin dogs.
Effects of risk factors on periodontal disease defined by calibrated community periodontal index and loss of attachment scores
Authors: Su C‐W , Yen AM‐F , Lai H , Lee Y , Chen H‐H , Chen SL‐S 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesWe evaluated whether and how the effects of risk factors on periodontal disease (PD) were modified by measurement errors using community periodontal index (CPI) and loss attachment (LA) in the community‐based survey.MethodsA pilot validation study was performed to estimate the rates of false negative and false positive for both CPI and LA in 31 subjects from different regions using measurements from 12 well‐trained dentists and a senior periodontist as a gold standard. Afterward, a Taiwanese nationwide survey was conducted by enrolling 3,860 participants to estimate the effect of each risk factor on PD calibrated with both sensitivity and specificity of two indices.ResultsThe values obtained for the sensitivity to false‐positive ratio for CPI ranged widely from 1.12 to 7.71, indicating regional variation in both errors. The calibrated adjusted odds ratio for smoking vs non‐smoking was higher than the uncalibrated odds ratio for PD defined by CPI (2.75 (2.01, 3.77) vs 2.02 (1.63, 2.52)) and LA (3.85 (2.44, 6.13) vs 1.93 (1.47, 2.54)) scores. Similar underestimation was noted for other risk factors.ConclusionThe effects of risk factors on PD measured using CPI and LA in a large population‐based survey were underestimated without correcting for measurement errors.
Assessing the survival impact of perioperative opioid consumption in children and adolescents undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Owusu‐Agyemang Pascal , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea , Van Meter Antoinette , Williams Uduak U. , Zavala Acsa M. , Kapoor Ravish , Popovich Shannon M. , Rebello Elizabeth , Feng Lei , Cata Juan P. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundSeveral studies in adult patients have suggested an unfavorable association between opioid consumption and cancer progression.AimsThis study investigated the impact of opioid consumption on the survival of children and adolescents undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.MethodsA retrospective study of patients <19 years who had undergone cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was performed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to identify factors associated with recurrence‐free survival and overall survival.ResultsSeventy‐five patients were identified. Median age was 11.6 years (range, 1.8–18.9), and 43% was female. Median perioperative opioid consumption was 18.9 morphine dose equivalents per kilogram (range, 0.6–339.6). There was no statistically significant association between opioid consumption and recurrence‐free survival [hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, (0.99–1.02), P = 0.55] or overall survival [hazard ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval (0.99–1.03), P = 0.22]. Independent prognostic factors associated with poor survival included incomplete cytoreduction and extra‐abdominal disease.ConclusionIn this retrospective study of children and adolescents who had undergone cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, there was no statistically significant association between opioid consumption and recurrence‐free survival or overall survival.
The provision of pediatric cardiac anesthesia services in Germany: current status of structural and personnel organization
Authors: Baehner Torsten , Dewald Oliver , Heinze Ingo , Mueller Matthias , Schindler Ehrenfried , Schirmer Uwe , Baumgarten Georg , Hoeft Andreas , Ellerkmann Richard K 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundAnesthesia for pediatric cardiac surgery requires a high level of expert knowledge. There are currently no recommendations and standards for anesthetic management for congenital cardiac surgery in Germany.AimThe aim of the present study was to assess the current status of structural and personnel anesthetic standards at pediatric cardiac surgery centers in Germany.MethodsAll cardiac surgical centers in Germany were reviewed for an active program for congenital heart surgery. Centers with an active program were invited to respond to an online survey. The questionnaire containing 55 items in 16 categories assessed current practice in pediatric cardiac anesthesia.ResultsAn active program for pediatric cardiac surgery was identified at 27 centers. The response rate to the survey was 96.3%. A specialized group of anesthesiologists for pediatric cardiac anesthesia was reported from 26 centers (92.3%). The mean size of this group was 4.8 anesthesiologists per center. However, the annual case load of centers and relative annual case load per specialized anesthesiologist varied considerably between 12.5 and 250. Nonanesthesiologists performed sedation and general anesthesia for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions outside the operating theater in children with congenital heart diseases in 24 centers (77%). Although special equipment, for example, pediatric TEE, near‐infrared spectroscopy, and devices for mechanical auto transfusion were available in most centers, their routine use was not always part of standard operating procedures. The proposal for mean adequate training in pediatric cardiac anesthesia as estimated by the participating centers was 10.8 months.ConclusionThe present study represents the current structural situation for anesthesia at German pediatric cardiac surgery centers.
Keratoacanthoma‐Like Growths of Incontinentia Pigmenti Successfully Treated with Intralesional Methotrexate
Authors: Barros Brittany , Helm Klaus , Zaenglein Andrea , Seiverling Elizabeth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report the case of a 17‐year‐old girl with incontinentia pigmenti who developed multiple large hyperkeratotic tumors within Blaschkoid hyperpigmented patches on her left leg. Biopsy demonstrated an endoexophytic nodule with irregular invaginations of keratinizing squamous epithelium and a central keratin‐filled crater, consistent with keratoacanthoma‐like lesions of incontinentia pigmenti. The tumors were successfully treated with intralesional methotrexate.
Exercise capacity following pediatric heart transplantation: A systematic review
Authors: Peterson Sara , Su Jennifer A. , Szmuszkovicz Jacqueline R. , Johnson Robert , Sargent Barbara 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPediatric HTs account for 13% of all HTs with >60% of recipients surviving at least 10 years post‐HT. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the literature on exercise capacity of pediatric HT recipients to improve understanding of the mechanisms that may explain the decreased exercise capacity. Six databases were searched for studies that compared the exercise capacity of HT recipients ≤21 years old with a control group or normative data. Sixteen studies were included. Pediatric HT recipients, as compared to controls or normative data, exhibit significantly higher resting HR, and at peak exercise exhibit significantly decreased HR, VO2, power, work, minute ventilation, and exercise duration. Peak VO2 appears to improve within the first 2.5 years post‐HT; peak work remains constant; and there is inconclusive evidence that peak HR, HR recovery, and HR reserve improve with time since HT. These results are discussed in the context of the mechanisms that may explain the impaired exercise capacity of pediatric HT recipients, including chronotropic incompetence, graft dysfunction, side effects of immunosuppression therapy, and deconditioning. In addition, the limited literature on rehabilitation after pediatric HT is summarized.
Sex‐linked inheritance of diapause induction in the butterfly Pieris napi
Authors: Pruisscher Peter , Larsdotter‐Mellström Helena , Stefanescu Constantí , Nylin Sören , Wheat Christopher W. , Gotthard Karl 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMany temperate insects survive harsh environmental conditions, such as winter, by entering a state of developmental arrest. This diapause state is predominantly induced by photoperiod. The photoperiod varies with latitude and has led to local adaptation in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in many insects. To understand the rapid evolution of the photoperiodic threshold, it is important to investigate and understand the underlying genetic mechanisms. In the present study, the genetic basis of photoperiodic diapause induction is investigated in the green‐veined white butterfly Pieris napi (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) by assaying diapause induction in a range of conditions for a Swedish and Spanish population. Furthermore, the inheritance of diapause induction is assessed in reciprocal F1 hybrids and backcrosses between the two populations. The southern population shows a clear photoperiodic threshold determining diapause or direct development, whereas the northern populations show a high incidence of diapause, regardless of photoperiod. The hybrid crosses reveal that the inheritance of diapause induction is strongly sex‐linked, and that diapause incidence in the genetic crosses is highly dependent on photoperiod. This emphasizes the importance of assaying a range of conditions in diapause inheritance studies. The results indicate a strongly heritable diapause induction with a major component on the Z‐chromosome, as well as a minor effect of the autosomal background.
Terms of trade volatility, government spending cyclicality, and economic growth
Authors: Brueckner Markus , Carneiro Francisco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper presents estimates of the effects that terms of trade volatility has on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth. Based on 5‐year nonoverlapping panel data comprising 175 countries during 1980 to 2010, the paper finds that terms of trade volatility has significant negative effects on economic growth in countries with procyclical government spending. In countries where government spending is countercyclical, terms of trade volatility has no significant effect on growth. Conditional on the mediating role of government spending cyclicality, the GDP share of domestic credit to the private sector has no significant effect on the relationship between growth and terms of trade volatility.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and health‐related quality of life in women at risk for gestational diabetes
Authors: Engberg E. , Tikkanen H. O. , Koponen A. , Hägglund H. , Kukkonen‐Harjula K. , Tiitinen A. , Peltonen J. E. , Pöyhönen‐Alho M. 
Published: April 2017

This study examined the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The participants were 39 women planning pregnancy with a history of GDM and/or BMI >29 kg/m2. We assessed CRF by measuring maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during incremental cycle ergometer exercise until voluntary fatigue. LTPA was self‐reported, and HRQoL assessed with the SF‐36 Health Survey (SF‐36). The mean (SD) VO2max was 27 (6) mL·kg−1·min−1, and the mean LTPA was 2.6 (1.7) h/wk. After controlling for BMI, VO2max was positively associated with the SF‐36 General Health scale (β 1.27, 95% CI: 0.09, 2.44, P=.035) and the Physical Component Summary (β 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.82, P=.007). The General Health scale (P=.023) and the Physical Component Summary (P=.011) differed even between those with very poor and poor CRF. After controlling for BMI, LTPA was positively associated with the SF‐36 Physical Functioning scale (rs=.34, P=.039), the General Health scale (β 3.74, 95% CI: 0.64, 6.84, P=.020), and the Physical Component Summary (β 1.13 95% CI: 0.19, 2.06, P=.020). To conclude, CRF and LTPA were positively associated with perceived general health and physical well‐being in women planning pregnancy and at risk for GDM. Even a slightly better CRF would be beneficial for well‐being among women with low levels of CRF.