bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CS2164, a novel multi‐target inhibitor against tumor angiogenesis, mitosis and chronic inflammation with anti‐tumor potency
Authors: Zhou You , Shan Song , Li Zhi‐Bin , Xin Li‐Jun , Pan De‐Si , Yang Qian‐Jiao , Liu Ying‐Ping , Yue Xu‐Peng , Liu Xiao‐Rong , Gao Ji‐Zhou , Zhang Jin‐Wen , Ning Zhi‐Qiang , Lu Xian‐Ping 
Published: December 2016

Although inhibitors targeting tumor angiogenic pathway have provided improvement for clinical treatment in patients with various solid tumors, the still very limited anti‐cancer efficacy and acquired drug resistance demand new agents that may offer better clinical benefits. In the effort to find a small molecule potentially targeting several key pathways for tumor development, we designed, discovered and evaluated a novel multi‐kinase inhibitor, CS2164. CS2164 inhibited the angiogenesis‐related kinases (VEGFR2, VEGFR1, VEGFR3, PDGFRα and c‐Kit), mitosis‐related kinase Aurora B and chronic inflammation‐related kinase CSF‐1R in a high potency manner with the IC50 at a single‐digit nanomolar range. Consequently, CS2164 displayed anti‐angiogenic activities through suppression of VEGFR/PDGFR phosphorylation, inhibition of ligand‐dependent cell proliferation and capillary tube formation, and prevention of vasculature formation in tumor tissues. CS2164 also showed induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell proliferation in tumor tissues through the inhibition of Aurora B‐mediated H3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, CS2164 demonstrated the inhibitory effect on CSF‐1R phosphorylation that led to the suppression of ligand‐stimulated monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation and reduced CSF‐1R+ cells in tumor tissues. The in vivo animal efficacy studies revealed that CS2164 induced remarkable regression or complete inhibition of tumor growth at well‐tolerated oral doses in several human tumor xenograft models. Collectively, these results indicate that CS2164 is a highly selective multi‐kinase inhibitor with potent anti‐tumor activities against tumor angiogenesis, mitosis and chronic inflammation, which may provide the rationale for further clinical assessment of CS2164 as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer.
Carbonic anhydrase 2 is a novel invasion‐associated factor in urinary bladder cancers
Authors: Tachibana Hirokazu , Gi Min , Kato Minoru , Yamano Shotaro , Fujioka Masaki , Kakehashi Anna , Hirayama Yukiyoshi , Koyama Yuki , Tamada Satoshi , Nakatani Tatsuya , Wanibuchi Hideki 
Published: December 2016

Rat bladder cancer is nearly always papillary non‐invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC). To establish an animal model mimicking invasive UC that arises from papillary non‐invasive UC in the bladder, male human c‐Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene transgenic rats (Hras128) were treated with 0.05% N‐butyl‐N‐(hydroxybutyl)nitrosameine (BBN) in their drinking water and/or 0.1% phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in their diet as follows: BBN (8 weeks)→PEITC (8 weeks); PEITC (8 weeks)→BBN (8 weeks); BBN alone (16 weeks); PEITC alone (16 weeks); and no treatment. At the end of week 16, the highest incidence of invasive UC was observed in the BBN→PEITC group. Therefore, we used Hras128 rats treated with BBN followed by PEITC as a model of invasive bladder cancer to identify invasion‐associated proteins. Proteome analysis was performed to compare the protein profiles of invasive and non‐invasive UC in Hras128 rats. We identified 49 proteins that were either overexpressed or underexpressed in invasive UC but not in non‐invasive UC. Immunohistochemical analysis of carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), an overexpressed protein, showed that the relative number of CA2‐positive UC was significantly higher for invasive UC compared to non‐invasive UC in rats. Moreover, the incidence of CA2‐positive cancers was also significantly higher for human muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) compared to non‐MIBC (NMIBC) and was positively associated with the progression of NMIBC. Our findings indicate that CA2 is an invasion‐associated factor and suggest that it could serve as a potential therapeutic molecular target for bladder cancers.
Vein graft disease in a knockout mouse model of hyperhomocysteinaemia
Authors: Steger Christina Maria , Mayr Tobias , Bonaros Nikolaos , Bonatti Johannes , Schachner Thomas 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA major reason for vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting is neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. Elevated serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, but homocysteine levels also tend to increase during the first weeks or months after cardiac surgery. To investigate this further, C57BL/6J mice (WT) and cystathionine‐beta‐synthase heterozygous knockout mice (CBS+/−), a mouse model for hyperhomocysteinaemia, underwent interposition of the vena cava of donor mice into the carotid artery of recipient mice. Two experimental groups were examined: 20 mice of each group underwent bypass surgery (group 1: WT donor and WT recipient; group 2: CBS+/− donor and CBS+/− recipient). After 4 weeks, the veins were harvested, dehydrated, paraffin‐embedded, stained and analysed by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, serum Hcy levels in CBS knockout animals and in WT animals before and after bypass surgery were measured. At 4 weeks postoperatively, group 2 mice showed a higher percentage of thrombosis compared to controls, a threefold increase in neointima formation, higher general vascularization, a lower percentage of elastic fibres with shortage and fragmentation in the neointima, a lower percentage of acid mucopolysaccharides in the neointima and a more intense fibrosis in the neointima and media. In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinaemic cystathionine‐beta‐synthase knockout mice can play an important role in the study of mechanisms of vein graft failure. But further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to answer the question whether or not homocysteine itself or a related metabolic factor is the key aetiologic agent for accelerated vein graft disease.
Effects of natural antioxidants in the improvement of corn oil quality: olive leaf vs. lemon balm
Authors: Şahin Selin , Bilgin Mehmet , Sayım Ezgi , Güvenilir Bedia 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCommercially available corn oil was enriched in polyphenols by adding olive leaf and lemon balm extracts, respectively. First, dried and ground plants were extracted through homogeniser‐assisted extraction. Then, the dried extracts were partially dissolved into the corn oil by means of solid–liquid extraction method. Total phenolic content increased 9.5 and 2.5 times over the pure corn oil. The antioxidant activities of enriched oil by olive leaf and lemon balm extracts have been found almost 14 and 6 times higher than that of untreated oil, respectively. Olive leaf extract enhanced the quality better than lemon balm extract with respect to carotenoid (TCC) and chlorophyll contents. Addition of 0.12–0.15% natural antioxidants gave rise to increase in the stability of the oil (≈18%).
Disposiciones laborales en acuerdos de libre comercio de la UE: un marco para investigar sus efectos en los países socios
Authors: CAMPLING Liam , HARRISON James , RICHARDSON Ben , SMITH Adrian 
Published: December 2016

ResumenLa Unión Europea (UE) ha concluido alrededor de 50 acuerdos de libre comercio bilaterales y sigue negociando otros. En la actualidad, estos incluyen un capítulo sobre comercio y desarrollo sostenible con disposiciones laborales de enfoque «promocional», y no «condicional». Alimentando el debate sobre el objeto y la eficacia de vincular comercio y trabajo, los autores examinan las posibilidades y los límites de estas disposiciones, y señalan la ausencia de investigaciones en el terreno. A fin de colmar este vacío, proponen un programa de investigación para evaluar los efectos de estas disposiciones en los países que firman acuerdos bilaterales con la UE.
Reforzar el control en sistemas de regulación privada del trabajo. Potencial y perspectivas
Authors: MARX Axel , WOUTERS Jan 
Published: December 2016

ResumenLa regulación privada surge como herramienta internacional de gobernanza para el control del cumplimiento de las normas internacionales del trabajo. Recientemente se han expresado dudas sobre su eficacia para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo en las cadenas de suministro. Su método habitual de auditoría vertical se considera inadecuado para este contexto. El artículo evalúa si el diseño de estos sistemas puede reforzarse para garantizar un mayor cumplimiento. Los autores examinan el potencial y las limitaciones de mecanismos con participación de los trabajadores y actores locales, como los mecanismos de quejas, así como la dinámica de corregulación público‐privada.
Estadísticas del trabajo en Europa Sudoriental. Similitudes y diferencias entre las definiciones nacionales
Authors: FILIPI Gjergji 
Published: December 2016

ResumenLa importancia de armonizar las definiciones estadísticas nacionales de empleo e inactividad es evidente, tanto en aras de la exactitud en general como de la comparabilidad de los datos internacionales. Se comparan aquí someramente las prácticas estadísticas de Albania, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croacia, Eslovenia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia y Turquía. Si bien todos estos países recaban datos a través de encuestas de población activa, existen discrepancias en las definiciones y la clasificación según la situación laboral de determinados grupos, en particular en lo que respecta a la categoría estadística de desempleo. Por eso es necesario continuar la labor de armonización.
Residential Mobility and Social Behaviors of Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Cotton Brandi Parker 
Published: December 2016

PROBLEMThe association between residential mobility and negative behaviors in adolescence has attracted multidisciplinary attention.METHODSThe purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic literature review in order to synthesize research that measured mobility and at least one social behavior among participants 11 thru 18 years of age. The systematic
search yielded 22 studies.FINDINGSResidential mobility is associated with negative behaviors among adolescents, including social problems, delinquency, substance and nicotine use, and adolescent pregnancy. However, these effects are explained by neighborhood disadvantage and inherent differences between movers and nonmovers.CONCLUSIONFor youth from disadvantaged backgrounds, moving may be one indicator of problem behaviors. Attending to
when and why youth move—and to where—contributes to an understanding of the etiology of risky behaviors.
Concomitant elevations of MMP‐9, NGAL, proMMP‐9/NGAL and neutrophil elastase in serum of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bchir Sarra , Nasr Hela ben , Bouchet Sandrine , Benzarti Mohamed , Garrouch Abdelhamid , Tabka Zouhair , Susin Santos , Chahed Karim , Bauvois Brigitte 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA growing body of evidence points towards smoking‐related phenotypic differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As COPD is associated with systemic inflammation, we determined whether smoking status is related to serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (pro‐ and active MMP‐9), neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the proMMP‐9/NGAL complex in patients with COPD. Serum samples were collected in 100 stable‐phase COPD patients (82 smokers, 18 never‐smokers) and 28 healthy adults (21 smokers, 7 never‐smokers). Serum levels of studied factors were measured in ELISA. Our data provide the first evidence of simultaneously elevated serum levels of MMP‐9, NGAL and proMMP‐9/NGAL in COPD smokers. While the triad discriminated between smokers and non‐smokers in the COPD group, MMP‐9 and proMMP‐9/NGAL (but not NGAL) discriminated between smokers with and without COPD. Adjustment for age and smoking pack‐years did not alter the findings. Serum MMP‐9, NGAL and proMMP‐9/NGAL levels were not correlated with the GOLD stage or FEV1 decline. Furthermore, serum levels of neutrophil elastase (NE) and MMP‐3 (but not of IL‐6 and MMP‐12) were also higher in COPD smokers than in healthy smokers before and after adjustment for age and pack‐years. Among COPD smokers, levels of MMP‐9, NGAL and proMMP‐9/NGAL were positively correlated with NE (P < 0.0001) but not with the remaining factors. Gelatin zymography detected proMMP‐9 in serum samples of healthy and COPD smoking groups. Our results suggest that associated serum levels of proMMP‐9, NGAL, proMMP‐9/NGAL and NE may reflect the state of systemic inflammation in COPD related to cigarette smoking.
Mothers’ intentions to vaccinate their teenaged children against human papillomavirus, as predicted by sex in South Korea: An application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Kim Kyung Mi , Choi Jeong Sil 
Published: December 2016

AimThis study was conducted in order to examine the intention of mothers to vaccinate their teenaged children against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, according to the children's sex. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the study identified the sex‐specific predictors of mothers’ intention to vaccinate their teenaged children against HPV.MethodsThis was a descriptive survey study that included, as participants, 200 mothers whose teenaged children were not vaccinated against HPV.ResultsThe mothers’ experience with HPV vaccination was a significant predictor of their childrens’ HPV vaccination status. For the mothers of sons, subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control were found to be significant predictors of intention of HPV vaccination, with an explanatory power of 69.5%. For those with daughters, only attitudes and subjective norms were significant predictors, with an explanatory power of 79.6%.ConclusionThe application of the theory of planned behavior is an effective method to determine the predictors of children's HPV vaccination status. In order to improve the HPV vaccination rate of teenaged children, strategies for education and effective promotion that involve mothers should be developed.
Microtubule‐associated proteins, Bik1 and Bim1, are required for faithful partitioning of the endogenous 2 micron plasmids in budding yeast
Authors: Prajapati Hemant Kumar , Rizvi Syed Meraj Azhar , Rathore Ishan , Ghosh Santanu K. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe 2 μ plasmid of budding yeast shows high mitotic stability similar to that of chromosomes by using its self‐encoded systems, namely partitioning and amplification. The partitioning system consists of the plasmid‐borne proteins Rep1, Rep2 and a cis‐acting locus STB that, along with several host factors, ensures efficient segregation of the plasmid. The plasmids show high stability as they presumably co‐segregate with chromosomes through utilization of various host factors. To acquire these host factors, the plasmids are thought to localize to a certain sub‐nuclear locale probably assisted by the motor protein, Kip1 and microtubules. Here, we show that the microtubule‐associated proteins Bik1 and Bim1 are also important host factors in this process, perhaps by acting as an adapter between the plasmid and the motor and thus helping to anchor the plasmid to microtubules. Abrogation of Kip1 recruitment at STB in the absence of Bik1 argues for its function at STB upstream of Kip1. Consistent with this, both Bik1 and Bim1 associate with plasmids without any assistance from the Rep proteins. As observed earlier with other host factors, lack of Bik1 or Bim1 also causes a cohesion defect between sister plasmids leading to plasmid missegregation.
Simple equation for calculation of plasma clearance for evaluation of renal function without urine collection in rats
Authors: Liu Xiang , Peng Dejun , Tian Hao , Lu Chengyu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo develop an equation for the evaluation of renal function in rats using three dilutions of plasma samples and to validate this method by comparison with a reference method. The investigation was conducted in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats after delivery of three doses of iohexol, with blood samples collected before and after dosage using a quantitative blood collection method. Plasma iohexol concentrations were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction recovery of iohexol from plasma was >97.30% and the calibration curve was linear (r2 = 0.9997) over iohexol concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 µg/mL. The method had an RE of <9.310 and intra‐ and inter‐day RSD of <5.137% and <3.693%, respectively. The plasma clearance values obtained from the equation correlated closely (r = 0.763) with those obtained using the reference method. The relatively correlation in the results obtained using the method under investigation and the reference method indicate that this new equation can be used for preliminary assessment of renal function in rats.
From Middle Power to Pivot Power: Korea as an Arctic Observer in the Age of Eurasia
Authors: Watson Iain 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhilst identification of Korea's Arctic issue agenda and motives has been established, there is little examination as to determining why certain issues and partnerships are being developed at certain points in the context of regional geopolitical shifts. I argue that Korea's role in the Arctic represents a shift in Korea's middle power strategy from bridge nation to pivot nation. Korea's current Arctic strategy links to a wider transcontinental strategy. As a result, conventional middle power criteria are being challenged by a strategy based on network centrality rather than “middle” structural location or resource concentration. This shift represents not just “middle power” leverage but opens potentially different understandings and expectations over what counts as middle power leverage.
Prospects and Issues in Systemizing Ecological Defense Planning: Case Study of Korea
Authors: Hinata‐Yamaguchi Ryo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper purports to outline the prospects and issues in systemizing ecological defense planning and to assess the progress in the ROK. While the defense sectors in the United States and a number of European states have taken steps toward systemizing ecological measures in recent years, progress in the ROK has been slow. Problems point to not only technical challenges in systemizing ecological measures, but also to the lack of political and bureaucratic facilitation. To examine the problem in question, the paper is divided into four sections. First, the paper will outline the environmental impact of military institutions and their actions. Second, the progress in systemizing ecological measures in the defense sector will be examined. Third, problems in Korea's handling of environmental issues relating to the defense sector will be assessed. Then, in the fourth section, the paper will outline the key steps the ROK must take in systemizing ecological defense planning. The paper concludes that further efforts are needed in conceptualizing and systemizing ecological defense planning to not only shape new norms in the defense sector and their activities, but also to comprehensively address both traditional and non‐traditional security concerns in the region.
Female suicides: Psychosocial and psychiatric characteristics identified by a psychological autopsy study in Japan
Authors: Kodaka Manami , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Yamauchi Takashi , Takai Michiko , Shirakawa Norihito , Takeshima Tadashi 
Published: December 2016

AimAlthough the female suicide rate in Japan is one of the highest among OECD countries, little has been done to assess the psychosocial and psychiatric characteristics of Japanese female suicide completers. This study aimed to examine sex differences in psychosocial and psychiatric characteristics of suicide completers using a psychological autopsy study method, and to identify female suicide factors and intervention points to prevent female suicides.MethodsA semi‐structured interview was conducted with close family members of adult suicide completers. The interview included questions regarding sociodemographic factors, suicide characteristics, previous suicidal behaviors and a family history of suicidal behaviors, financial problems, and physical/psychiatric problems. Fisher's exact test and the Student's t‐test were used to explore sex differences in these survey items, and individual descriptive information of female suicide cases was also examined.ResultsOf the 92 suicide completers, 28 were female and 64 were male. Females had a significantly higher prevalence of a history of self‐harm/suicide attempts (P < 0.001). The prevalence of eating disorders was significantly higher among females than males (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe findings of this study highlight the importance of providing psychological and social support to caregivers of those who repeatedly attempt suicide and express suicidal thoughts, and to suggest the need to improve community care systems to be aware of suicide risk factors among female suicide attempters.
Engineering central metabolism – a grand challenge for plant biologists
Authors: Sweetlove Lee J. , Nielsen Jens , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe goal of increasing crop productivity and nutrient‐use efficiency is being addressed by a number of ambitious research projects seeking to re‐engineer photosynthetic biochemistry. Many of these projects will require the engineering of substantial changes in fluxes of central metabolism. However, as has been amply demonstrated in simpler systems such as microbes, central metabolism is extremely difficult to rationally engineer. This is because of multiple layers of regulation that operate to maintain metabolic steady state and because of the highly connected nature of central metabolism. In this review we discuss new approaches for metabolic engineering that have the potential to address these problems and dramatically improve the success with which we can rationally engineer central metabolism in plants. In particular, we advocate the adoption of an iterative ‘design‐build‐test‐learn’ cycle using fast‐to‐transform model plants as test beds. This approach can be realised by coupling new molecular tools to incorporate multiple transgenes in nuclear and plastid genomes with computational modelling to design the engineering strategy and to understand the metabolic phenotype of the engineered organism. We also envisage that mutagenesis could be used to fine‐tune the balance between the endogenous metabolic network and the introduced enzymes. Finally, we emphasise the importance of considering the plant as a whole system and not isolated organs: the greatest increase in crop productivity will be achieved if both source and sink metabolism are engineered.
Application of O3/UV/H2O2 oxidation and process optimization for treatment of potato chips manufacturing wastewater
Authors: Arslan Ayla , Topkaya Eylem , Özbay Bilge , Özbay Ismail , Veli Sevil 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEffluents coming from potato chips manufacturing have high organic loads and require adequate treatment before discharge to environment. In this study, O3/UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process was applied to treat these wastewaters. With this aim, batch experiments were conducted in a reaction tank equipped with ozone injection and UV irradiation. Process variables were determined to be pH, ozone concentration, reaction time, H2O2 dosage and efficiency of the system was evaluated considering total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Central composite design technique was applied to examine the individual and synergetic effects of the experimental factors. A quadratic model was developed to maximize the TOC removal. Furthermore, operation costs were calculated for different experimental conditions and interactions between process variables and costs were analysed.