bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN OR SPIRAMYCIN IN BULK DRUG SAMPLES AND DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Katsidzira Runako Masline , Wessels Anita , Aucamp Marique 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed at developing an HPLC method that would be suitable and sufficiently robust to analyze clarithromycin or spiramycin from bulk materials, amorphous solid dispersions as well as when included into solid dosage forms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A C<sub>8</sub> column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used as stationary phase, the mobile phase consisted of 0.1 M dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and acetonitrile in a 50:50 (% v/v) ratio. The flow rate was set to 0.5 ml/min. UV detection of 210 nm was used for clarithromycin and 232 nm for spiramycin. Ambient column and sample tray temperatures were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method proved to be suitable for the detection of both macrolide antibiotics in bulk samples, as part of amorphous solid dispersions as well as in dosage forms. The isocratic elution was rapid. The method was validated in terms of system suitability, limits of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity. This method showed linearity across the concentration range of 4.0–5000.0 µg/ml for both antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed method showed to be a simple and sufficiently sensitive method for the detection and quantification of either clarithromycin or spiramycin from samples that might contain even very small quantities of the antibiotics.</p>
Customization versus Standardization in Electronic Financial Reporting: Early Evidence from the SEC XBRL Mandate
Authors: Scherr Elisabeth , Ditter Dominik 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
In 2009, the SEC issued rules that require companies to provide their financial reports in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language). Since the new electronic filing requirements aim at enhancing information processing through electronic standardization, a controversial aspect of the rules has been that filers can deviate from the pre-defined reporting structure. We examine factors related to the cross-sectional variation in nonstandard reporting for a sample of XBRL 10-K filings submitted to the SEC from 2009 to 2013. We find that the extent to which the reporting behavior deviates from common reporting, as well as the (voluntary) disclosure level, influences the extent of taxonomy extensions. We further find that firms that are less involved and have less experience in the XBRL filing process tend to exhibit higher levels of customization. However, our results show no clear empirical evidence that, on average, firms with lower accounting quality exhibit a higher deviation from the pre-defined standard. Thus, our findings suggest that customization is predominantly associated with filing complexity and the costs of compliance, rather than strategic usage. The empirical findings may be of interest to the SEC and the accounting profession alike in the light of an increasing focus on XBRL filing practices.
Hip and Lumbar Spine Physical Examination Findings in People Presenting With Low Back Pain, With or Without Lower Extremity Pain
Authors: Prather Heidi , Cheng Abby , Steger-May Karen , Maheshwari Vaibhav , Van Dillen Linda 
Published: February 2017

Study Design Prospective cohort study, cross-sectional design. Background The hip-spine syndrome is described in patients with known arthritis of the hip. This study describes the hip examination findings of people presenting with low back pain (LBP). Objectives To (1) report examination findings of the hip in patients with LBP and (2) compare pain and function in patients with positive hip examination findings to those in patients without positive hip examination findings. Methods An examination and validated questionnaires of spine and hip pain and function were completed. Pain and function scores were compared between patients with and without positive hip findings. Results Consecutive patients (68 women, 33 men) with a mean age of 47.6 years (range, 18.4–79.8 years) participated. On physical examination, 81 (80%) had reduced hip flexion; 76 (75%) had reduced hip internal rotation; and 25 (25%) had 1, 32 (32%) had 2, and 23 (23%) had 3 positive provocative hip tests. Patients with reduced hip flexion had worse LBP-related (mean modified Oswestry Disability Index, 35.3 versus 25.6; P = .04) and hip-related function (mean modified Harris Hip Score, 66.0 versus 82.0; P = .03). Patients with reduced hip internal rotation had worse LBP-related function (mean Roland-Morris questionnaire, 12.4 versus 8.2; P = .003). A positive provocative hip test was coupled with more intense pain (median, 9 versus 7; P = .05) and worse LBP-related (mean Roland-Morris questionnaire, 12.1 versus 8.5; P = .02) and hip-related function (mean modified Harris Hip Score, 65.8 versus 89.7; P = .005). Conclusion Physical examination findings indicating hip dysfunction are common in patients presenting with LBP. Patients with LBP and positive hip examination findings have more pain and worse function compared to patients with LBP but without positive hip examination findings. Level of Evidence Symptom prevalence, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(3):163–172. Epub 3 Feb 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6567
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON DUCK SALMONELLOSIS IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Dey R. K. , Khan M. S. R. , Nazir K. H. M. N. H. , Islam M. A. , Belal S. M. S. H. 
Published: February 2017

The study was performed with a view to collect epidemiological data to proper control of Duck Salmonellosis in Bangladesh. A total of 12 small to medium sized duck farms and 28 individual households were visited for data collection. On the basis of history and clinical signs and as per the information provided by the farmers the prevalence rate of Duck Salmonellosis was recorded as 38.1% and the P value was calculated as 0.003 (p<0.01) which was noted as highly significant. Based on tentative occurrences of Duck Salmonellosis as per information taken from the structured questionnaire a total of 120 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy and diseased ducks on the basis of age, sex, season, location and health status. The isolated bacteria were identified by studying cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests, and finally by PCR. The test results of cultural and biochemical exhibited the typical characteristics of bacteria. On the basis of their cultural and biochemical characteristics it was found that among 120 fecal samples 32 (26.67%) were found to be positive for Salmonella and the P value was recorded as 0.0019 (p<0.01) which was also considered as highly significant. In motility test Duck Salmonella were identified as motile and all tested Duck Salmonella showed indole and VP test negative with MR test positive. In PCR reaction, the organism was further confirmed as Salmonella species using the SAL-G primer. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test shows that the selected isolated Salmonella were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, intermediate sensitive to tobramycin and gentamicin and resistant to Oxacillin.
STUDY ON BOVINE SUB-CLINICAL MASTITIS ON FARM CONDITION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ANTIBIOGRAM OF THE CAUSATIVE BACTERIA
Authors: Hasan M. T. , Islam M. R. , Runa N. S. , Hasan M, N. , Uddin A. H. M. M. , Singh S. K. 
Published: February 2017

The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) and antibiogram of the causative bacteria in dairy cows at the Sylhet govt. Dairy Farm (SGDF) and Local Farms of Sylhet (LFS) during the period of July2014 to June2015. These farms were selected to assess the predominant types of bacteria involved in causing sub-clinical mastitis and to know the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity spectrum of these bacterial isolates against the commonly used antibiotics and to study the economic effects due to SCM. Use of California Mastitis Test (CMT) for the detection of sub-clinical mastitis showed 42out of 100 samples were test positive, among which +(Trace) 22.0%, ++(Distinct) 12.0%, +++(Strong) 3.0%, ±(Doubtful) 5.0%. Bacteriological examination of milk samples of 100 milch cows (400 quarters) revealed that 42 cows (42.0%) had suffering from SCM with different bacterial infection with 95% confidence limit was 32.1574-51.8426. Among 42 positive samples31 (31.0%) cows had mono-bacterial infection and 11 (11.0%) cows had mixed bacterial infections. Statistical analysis of the result of single and mixed bacterial infections in the milk of apparently healthy milch cows revealed that the single infection was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than mixed bacterial infection. Of the 31 mono-bacterial isolates, of which 23 (23.0%) isolates were Staphylococci, 3 (3.0%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 5 (5.0%) isolated Streptococcus spp. The 11 cows had mixed infection, of which 5 had Staphylococcus spp. + Streptococcus spp., 3 had E. coli + Staphylococcus spp., and 3 had Streptococcus spp. + E. coli. Of 42 positive cases of SCM Staphylococcus spp. isolated from 23 samples. Among these 23 positive samples 13 obtained from SGDF (37.14%) and 10 obtained from LFS (15.38%). Escherichia coli isolated from 3 samples. Among these 3 positive samples 3 obtained from LFS (4.62%). Streptococcus spp. isolated from 5 samples. Among these 5 positive samples 1 obtained from SGDF (2.86%) and 4 obtained from LFS (6.15%). Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the best drug for treating sub-clinical mastitis.
EVALUATING THE ANTI-STRESS POTENTIAL OF PROPOFOL IN ROAD TRANSPORTATION WELFARE USING BIO-MARKERS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors: Biobaku K. T. , Okediran B. S. , Adebiyi A. T. , Aremu A. , Atata A. J. 
Published: February 2017

Sixteen apparently healthy West African dwarf bucks were used in the study. They were randomly grouped into four with four animals each. Group one untreated non transported (non stressed control) control, group two was administered with propofol at 5mg/Kg intramuscularly , group three was administered with ascorbic acid 500mg/kg intramuscularly and group four non treated stressed control. Animals were carefully loaded in an open vehicle. The floor of the vehicle was cushioned to avoid the animals from sliding and injury. Then animals were subjected to a journey of 2hours at a speed of 40 kg/hr. Blood for haemotological analysis for full blood count was collected in bottles containing EDTA (ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid). While samples for assay of antioxidative enzymes were collected in bottles containing lithium heparin. The blood was also analysed superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione -s- transferase (GST) respectively, using commercial Randox® kit. The packed cell volume (PCV) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher PCV in the groups treated with propofol, ascorbic acid and none-stress control midway into the journey. The neutrophils lymphocytes ratio (N: L) levels in was significantly higher at prior the journey. The levels of MDA were significantly (P<0.05) higher prior and at the end of the journey phases in the propofol treated group. The ascorbic acid group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher level of MDA at the mid phase of the journey. While the GST levels prior to journey were significantly (P<0.05) higher compare to the other phases in the propofol and ascorbic acid treated groups and none treated stressed control. In the SOD level was significantly (P<0.05) higher prior stage of the journey in the propofol treated group. this infer that propofol possess antistress effect and could be used to improve animal welfare at transportation. Conclusively, the propofol possess antistress effect that is similar in mechanism to ascorbic acid and could be used in amelioration of stress in short term stress in animals. It however advised that the withdrawal period of the drug is adhered to prevent residue of drug in the meat product.
ECTO- PARASITISM IN JUVENILE INDIAN MAJOR CARPS OF DIFFERENT FISH FARMS OF MYMENSINGH
Authors: Das D. R. , Majumder S. , Chandra K. J. 
Published: February 2017

An investigation was made on the ecto-parasitism of juvenile carps of Mymensingh region. Eight farms, four Government (Govt.) and four Private (Pvt.) fish farms were investigated for Indian major carps(Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) (Catla, Rui and Mrigal) during June, 2010 to May, 2012. Monthly samplings were carried out with 5 fish from each species and each farms. Altogether 2880 fish hosts were examined of which 1674 were found to be infested with different groups of parasites during the study period. The ectoparasites were very common in gill, skin, mouth cavity, muscle, base of the pelvic, pectoral, anal, caudal fin and body surface of all fishes. Eleven species of protozoan, thirteen species of monogeneans and two species of argulus were recorded. The risk of being infestation by parasites in carps significantly (p<0.001) increased when the water quality parameters were deteriorated. Prevalence (%), mean intensity and abundance were found to be species specific and also varied with seasons and management systems practiced by different farmers. Prevalence (%) of ecto-parasites in carps was significantly (p< 0.001) higher in Pvt. farm than that of Govt. farms and was significantly (p< 0.01) higher in rainy season. Rui was more susceptible than Catla and Mrigal.
AQUACULTURE HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND BIOSECURITY PRACTISES IN SOUTH WEST OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Bhowmick B. , Crumlish M. 
Published: February 2017

Bangladesh is now the world fourth largest inland fish producer and more than half of it comes from aquaculture according to 2012 ranking. The shrimp and prawn industry has gained an important place in the national economy and is the third highest foreign income earner. Concomitant with the growth of the shrimp and prawn culture industry has been the recognition of the ever increasing importance of disease, especially those caused by infectious agents. Few studies have aimed to identify the perception of risk and risk management strategies for small scale aquaculture facilities. The aim of this study was to understand existing health management practices in regards to water management practices and salinity in southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. Questionnaires were specifically designed to gather information on shrimp and prawn culture systems and multiple variables relating to disease outbreaks. A total of eight variables related to health management practices throughout production cycle were investigated comprising location of farm from primary source of water, pond preparation technique, water management practices, in-pond nursing of post larvae (PL), source of PL, salinity level, stocking density and bio security practices. The results found that sharing of water source with other farms, non tested PL, high salinity level, shallow pond, lack of in-pond nursing were considered as diseases risk factors for poly-culture farming system. Furthermore, rainy season (June-August) is risk factors for diseases outbreak because sudden change of salinity level and drop temperature due to rain and freshwater upstream flow. However, risk factors are not direct causes of mortality; instead, risk factors contribute to mortality.
A Continuum of Accretion Burst Behavior in Young Stars Observed by K2
Authors: Cody Ann Marie , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , David Trevor J. , Carpenter John M. , Everett Mark E. , Howell Steve B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present 29 likely members of the young ρ Oph or Upper Sco regions of recent star formation that exhibit “accretion burst” type light curves in K2 time series photometry. The bursters were identified by visual examination of their ∼80-day light curves, though all satisfy the

flux asymmetry criterion for burst behavior defined by Cody et al. The burst sources represent ≈9% of cluster members with strong infrared excess indicative of circumstellar material. Higher amplitude burster behavior is correlated with larger inner disk infrared excesses, as inferred from WISE

color. The burst sources are also outliers in their large Hα emission equivalent widths. No distinction between bursters and non-bursters is seen in stellar properties such as multiplicity or spectral type. The frequency of bursters is similar between the younger, more compact ρ Oph region, and the older, more dispersed Upper Sco region. The bursts exhibit a range of shapes, amplitudes (∼10%–700%), durations (∼1–10 days), repeat timescales (∼3–80 days), and duty cycles (∼10%–100%). Our results provide important input to models of magnetospheric accretion, in particular, by elucidating the properties of accretion-related variability in the low state between major longer duration events such as EX Lup and FU Ori type accretion outbursts. We demonstrate the broad continuum of accretion burst behavior in young stars—extending the phenomenon to lower amplitudes and shorter timescales than traditionally considered in the theory of pre-main sequence accretion history.
Les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines en faveur du développement de l’employabilité
Authors: Zgoulli Saloua , Swalhi Abdelaziz , Tahri Najoua 
Published: February 2017

La loi relative à la formation professionnelle du 5 mars 2014 stipule que « pour assurer l’employabilité de ses salariés, l’employeur doit prendre des mesures, pour que ses salariés puissent être à même de saisir des occasions d’emploi et en, tout état de cause, veiller à ne pas laisser ses salariés se déqualifier ». L’employabilité apparaît donc comme un objectif organisationnel à atteindre, d’où la nécessité pour l’entreprise d’apporter une réponse en termes de pratiques RH. Cette contribution se base sur une étude qualitative menée auprès de 21 professionnels de différentes catégories socioprofessionnelles à travers des entretiens semi-directifs. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en avant les pratiques RH favorables au développement de l’employabilité et permettent d’enrichir les données empiriques des études existantes. Un regard particulier est porté sur l’application de ces pratiques.
Du logiciel libre au management libre : coordination par consensus et gouvernance polycentrique
Authors: Fallery Bernard 
Published: February 2017

Self-management, entreprise libérée, collectifs automnes... la figure imposée du manager intermédiaire se fissure de plus en plus, notamment dans les nouvelles formes d’organisation telles que les communautés Internet, les PME dé-hiérarchisées, les collectifs ouverts de grandes entreprises. Mais il manque encore un cadre conceptuel pour analyser ces réussites et nous proposons ici de s’appuyer sur deux concepts : le mode de coordination par consensus (issu des travaux de J. Habermas pour une éthique de la discussion) et la structure de gouvernance polycentrique (issue des travaux d’E. Ostrom pour une théorie du choix institutionnel dans les systèmes auto-organisés).
« Retour de l’État » et formes de domination en Russie
Authors: Sigman Carole 
Published: February 2017

Comment l’État central russe, sous la présidence de Vladimir Poutine, reprend-il pied dans des secteurs stratégiques qui lui avaient largement échappé après la chute de l’URSS ? Confronté aux survivances de rapports sociaux issus des années 1990 qui l’avaient marginalisé de facto , le Centre utilise les ressources de la rente pétrolière. Mais l’essentiel se situe dans les modalités par lesquelles il s’impose et qui sont constitutives de ce qu’on a appelé la « verticale du pouvoir ». Cet article s’efforce de comprendre comment se construisent les nouvelles relations d’autorité et modalités d’emprise qui caractérisent ce régime politique en prenant comme terrain d’observation l’enseignement supérieur.
La bavure et l’émeute
Authors: Motta Alessio 
Published: February 2017

Cet article souligne le rôle de « signes déclencheurs types » naturalisés et contraignants sur lesquels s’appuient les acteurs pour se coordonner avant une action collective. Une histoire de la naissance de la « bavure » policière comme déclencheur d’émeutes dans la banlieue lyonnaise permet de mieux comprendre les calculs des participants, en mettant de côté leurs diverses motivations. Au début des années 1980, les émeutes ne sont pas des réactions « naturelles » aux bavures. Elles émergent progressivement quand des conditions favorables sont réunies (météorologie, week-end, etc.). Les reproductions du scénario bavure-émeute et la construction d’une mémoire collective conduisent, après 1990, à une solidification du signal telle que chaque bavure entraînera des réactions de violence collective.
Comment prendre en compte les préférences des citoyens dans la décision de rembourser un nouveau traitement
Authors: Cleemput Irina , Devriese Stephan , Kohn Laurence , Devos Carl , Van de Voorde Carine 
Published: February 2017

Les décisions en matière de remboursement de soins de santé sont complexes : les critères de décision sont nombreux, variés et parfois difficilement conciliables. Dans un système démocratique, la légitimité des décisions exige que les décideurs politiques tiennent, au moins en partie, compte des préférences des citoyens. L’étude présentée ici vise à mesurer l’importance relative, aux yeux des citoyens belges, des critères utilisés pour évaluer les demandes de remboursement de nouvelles interventions de santé. Une enquête a été réalisée dans le grand public en utilisant la méthode des choix discrets (discrete choice experiments, DCE) pour déterminer le poids relatif des critères de décisions. Les réponses de 4 288 participants du grand public ont été utilisées pour l’analyse. Une analyse de régression logistique multinomiale a été réalisée pour analyser les données. Les résultats montrent que les citoyens estiment que la qualité de vie est le critère qui doit peser le plus sur l’évaluation de la nécessité thérapeutique et sur les décisions de rembourser ou non un nouveau traitement. L’impact sur l’espérance de vie est également un critère important mais il est mis en balance avec la perte de qualité de vie. JEL Classification : D71, D81, I13, I18
La difficulté d’une régulation économique supranationale : vers de nouvelles solutions
Authors: Andreff Wladimir 
Published: February 2017

Les principales dérives économiques du sport qui appellent une régulation internationale sont : l’indiscipline financière des clubs professionnels, les transferts internationaux des joueurs mineurs de 18 ans, les matchs truqués qui sous-tendent les paris sportifs frauduleux et le dopage. Cet article propose de nouvelles règles de lutte contre le dopage s’appuyant sur un protocole d’auto-déclaration par les athlètes des substances qu’ils prennent et sur une lourde sanction (exclusion à vie) s’ils trichent par rapport à leur propre déclaration. Pour réduire la masse croissante des paris sportifs en ligne frauduleux dans le monde, il est suggéré d’introduire une taxe « Sportbettobin » mondiale progressive sur les gains des parieurs, dont le taux augmente avec le montant des gains.
Choix des orientations d’études et besoins de la société
Authors: Lambert Jean-Paul 
Published: February 2017

Cet article vise à documenter le débat public sur le thème du choix des orientations d’études au regard des « besoins de la société ». En Belgique francophone, en particulier, ce débat est parfois marqué par des prises de position insuffisamment étayées. Cet article développe une analyse approfondie, sur la base de statistiques détaillées, de diverses dimensions de la problématique : insertion des jeunes diplômés sur le marché du travail ; évolution des choix d’orientations d’études des étudiants universitaires « de 1 re génération » ; comparaisons internationales, dans une perspective de « benchmarking », de ces choix d’études. Les conclusions de cette étude, qui battent en brèche certaines idées reçues, devraient permettre un débat public mieux informé