bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Industrialization: Implications for Economic Development and Public Policy
Authors: Drabenstott Mark 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIndustrialization is rapidly becoming a topic of great attention. Driven by fundamental economic forces, industrialization seems likely to advance more quickly in the coming decade to more industry segments. By changing the way agriculture does business, industrialization will also bring change to public policy and agricultural institutions. Commodity policy will increasingly be out of step with a product-oriented industry. And as industrialization blurs the lines between producers and processors, land grant universities and the extension service will face challenges assessing who their customers are.
Social Capital and Economic Cooperation
Authors: Robison Lindon J. , Hanson Steven D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe socioeconomic movement is an effort to better explain human behavior by combining insights of economists and sociologists. This paper contributes to the socioeconomic literature by including the influence of relationships, values, and social bonds in the neoclassical economic model by introducing social capital coefficients. The usefulness of the resulting social capital model is demonstrated theoretically in a two-firm cooperative model and tested empirically using data from a survey of students who allocate their time between individual and joint projects.
Using Computer Technology to Enhance Agricultural Economics Teaching
Authors: Monson Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractComputers are becoming an affordable and effective tool for assisting with classroom instruction. This paper describes experiences utilizing a hypermedia presentation system for a farm management course. Some advantages as well as drawbacks and issues associated with using microcomputer-controlled hypermedia in the classroom are presented. Hopefully, readers will find some assistance in planning the design and implementation of such techniques for their own classes.
Integration and Behavior in the U.S. Winter Market for Fresh Tomatoes
Authors: Jordan Kenrick H. , VanSickle John J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlternative hypotheses of market integration in the U.S winter market for fresh tomatoes were evaluated using a dynamic model of spatial price adjustment. The results showed that while Florida and Mexico were integrated in the same market, a price change in one area was not instantaneously reflected in the other. Lagged effects were important with long-run integration being supported for both Florida and Mexico and short-run integration for Mexico. However, the information flow, while relatively efficient, was not symmetric. Florida was found to be dominant in the price formation process with Mexico responding to changes in the Florida price.
The Effect of Market Concentration on Lamb Marketing Margins
Authors: Brester Gary W. , Mustek Douglas C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe national four-firm concentration ratio in the lamb slaughtering and processing industry increased from 55 percent in 1980 to 70 percent in 1992. The effect of increasing lamb packer concentration on lamb marketing margins is examined. A relative price spread (RPS) model for farm-to-wholesale and wholesale-to-retail marketing margins was estimated using three-stage least squares (3SLS). The 3SLS results indicate that increased lamb packer concentration has had relatively small, positive effects on lamb marketing margins.
Stabilization Policies and Agricultural Impacts in Developing Countries: The Case of Bolivia
Authors: De la Barra Victor H. , Marchant Mary A. , Isinika Aida C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis research examines the success of stabilization policies to control hyperinflation in Bolivia. Money demand functions for the hyperinflation and stabilization periods were econometrically estimated and statistically tested. We conclude that the demand for money in Bolivia changed after stabilization policies were implemented, indicating that the new government's objectives were met. Stabilization policies resulted in real economic growth for Bolivia's economy, including its agricultural sector, where agricultural export shares increased tenfold as stabilization policies corrected overvalued exchange rates.
Determinants of Participation and Consumption: The Case of Crawfish in South Louisiana
Authors: Yen S. T. , Dellenbarger L. E. , Schupp A. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the determinants of crawfish consumption in South Louisiana using a generalized limited dependent variable model that accounts for both participation and consumption decisions. Income, Catholic, white, and household size increase the likelihood of crawfish consumption but not the conditional level of consumption. Education and employment status are among the other household characteristics that determine the conditional level of consumption.
A Classroom Experiment on Oligopolies
Authors: Nelson Robert G. , Beil Richard O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis experiment demonstrates principles of decision-making in dynamic oligopolies, especially the difficulties in forming and maintaining cartels. As an illustration of firm behavior under imperfect competition, the game distinguishes between procedurally rational choices and substantively rational decisions in the context of collusive, Cournot, and competitive equilibria. The paper discusses results from an actual classroom exercise and suggests some additional variations in institutional details. Instructions for students and a spreadsheet program for producing payoff tables are provided in the appendices.
Trade-Off Analysis of Herbicide Withdrawals on Agricultural Production and Groundwater Quality
Authors: Liu Shiping , Carlson Gerald A. , Hoag Dana L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examines the trade-off between agricultural production and groundwater contamination potential for ten potential herbicide cancellations. Theoretical and empirical models are developed for estimating losses in consumer and producer benefits in the agricultural commodity market and changes in groundwater quality. Using com and soybean production in the southeastern Coastal Plain as a study area, the analysis concludes that (1) effects of herbicide cancellations on groundwater quality can be very significant; (2) a cancellation does not guarantee groundwater quality improvement; (3) effects of a multiple cancellation are different from the summation of the effects of independent cancellations; and (4) weed density has a very strong effect on losses to farmers and consumers from cancellations, but output demand and supply elasticities do not.
A Principal-Agent Model for Regional Pest Control Adoption
Authors: Ahouissoussi Nicolas B. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInvestigating the underlying producer characteristics associated with regional pest control adoption revealed an interesting proposition. Early adopting producers of firm-specific techniques with characteristics including higher education, more specialized operations, and larger sized business units are dissatisfied with a regional pest control technique. This study provides an explanation of the proposition based on a principal-agent model. Empirical support for the proposition is also presented by developing a multinomial logit model for predicting producers' dissatisfaction with boll weevil eradication.
Agricultural Economics in the New Millennium: Lessons from the Old Millennium
Authors: Harris Hal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is appropriate as we enter a new century that we reflect on the past one since our profession is nearly 100 years old: the American Association of Farm Economics was formally created in 1910. “Savvy through one hundred years of progress and experience” is one description that comes to mind. “Geriatric” is another word that might fit. I intend to highlight some broad topics that have occupied agricultural economists' teaching and research over the past 100 years, to reflect in a little more detail about our thoughts over the past 12 years as revealed in the presidential addresses at AAEA and SAEA annual meetings, to make some rather terse comments about current important issues as they relate to the issues of the past, and to conclude with some advice for the younger members of our profession and our association that may be of value in the new century. I emphasize the word may, because I am much less certain about the wisdom of my beliefs today than if I had been given the opportunity to give this talk 18 or even 11 years ago.
Will Southern Agriculture Play a Role in a Carbon Market?
Authors: Zeuli Kimberly A. , Skees Jerry R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhile a carbon market offers substantial opportunities for US agriculture, regional differences in such a market are often ignored. This paper focuses on the advantages and challenges for agriculture in the South. The potential of two promising options are analyzed: conversion from cropland to forests and greater use of conservation tillage. It is argued that the right institutional arrangements can overcome three fundamental challenges to an efficient carbon market: transaction costs, risk, and perverse incentives. Some examples are given, such as the use of a farmer-owned organization and the provision of land use and carbon information by the government.
Parametric Modeling and Simulation of Joint Price-Production Distributions under Non-Normality, Autocorrelation and Heteroscedasticity: A Tool for Assessing Risk in Agriculture
Authors: Ramirez Octavio A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study presents a way to parametrically model and simulate multivariate distributions under potential non-normality, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity and illustrates its application to agricultural risk analysis. Specifically, the joint probability distribution (pdf) for West Texas irrigated cotton, corn, sorghum, and wheat production and prices is estimated and applied to evaluate the changes in the risk and returns of agricultural production in the region resulting from observed and predicted price and production trends. The estimated pdf allows for time trends on the mean and the variance and varying degrees of autocorrelation and non-normality (kurtosis and right- or left-skewness) in each of the price and production variables. It also allows for any possible price-price, production-production, or price-production correlation.
Estimates of Public Sector Transaction Costs in NRCS Programs
Authors: McCann Laura , Easter K. William 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen evaluating the economic efficiency of policies to reduce nonpoint source pollution, administrative or transaction costs are usually not taken into account. While the importance of transaction costs has been recognized in the theoretical literature, the fact that they are not incorporated in empirical analyses means that, in effect, these costs are given a zero value. This issue is examined quantitatively using data collected by the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). Transaction costs are found to be a significant portion (38 percent) of overall conservation costs. This provides strong support for including these costs in economic evaluations of alternative policy instruments.
Issues of Demand Specification and Industry Structure in Turkeys and Broiler Chickens
Authors: Cheney Laura M. , Brown A. Blake , Yamano Takashi , Masterovsky Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFactors unique to the turkey industry suggest that conclusions concerning market structure and demand specification drawn from aggregate poultry data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the turkey industry. The Wu-Hausman endogeneity test is used to examine demand specifications and industry structure specifically for turkey meat. In contrast to general poultry, quantity—not price—is found to be predetermined in demand models that use annual turkey data. Quarterly demand analysis suggests this result stems from biological cycles that limit a producer's ability to react to price change and the use of a weighted average for determining price and quantity.
Economic Efficiency in Organic Farming: Evidence from Cotton Farms in Viotia, Greece
Authors: Tzouvelekas Vangelis , Pantzios Christos J. , Fotopoulos Christos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing recent advances in the stochastic production frontier framework, this paper presents an empirical analysis of technical, allocative and economic efficiency of a sample of organic and conventional cotton farms located in Greece. The results suggest that both farm types in the sample examined are technically, allocatively and economically inefficient. Farmer's age and education and farm size are important factors in explaining differentials in efficiency estimates. In comparative terms, organic farms exhibit lower efficiency scores vis-à-vis their conventional counterparts in terms of technical and economic efficiency; regarding allocative efficiency both farm types are almost equally inefficient. Low efficiency scores in both types of farming may be attributed to the respective intervention policies of the last 20 years.
Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Research and Extension Programs
Authors: Whitehead John C. , Hoban Thomas J. , Clifford William B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe North Carolina Agriculture Survey was designed to estimate the willingness to pay for agricultural research and extension programs. We find that North Carolina households are willing to pay between $218 and $401 million for food production programs and between $251 and $698 million for water quality programs annually. We find evidence of divergent validity and differences in the willingness to pay estimates from the single-bound and multiple-bound data.
Factors Influencing Farmers’ Selection of a Milk Handler
Authors: Kilmer Richard L. , Lee Jonq-Ying , Carley Dale 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA structural probit model is estimated to determine the change in the probability of selecting a milk handler. Cooperatives are thought to have lower prices and higher deductions than independent milk handlers and these factors reduce the probability that a farmer will select a cooperative by 0.39 and 0.32. Cooperatives are thought to have better services and an assured market and payment than independent milk handlers and these factors increase the probability that a farmer will select a cooperative by 0.20 and 0.26. This indicates that many cooperative members value monetary characteristics over non-monetary characteristics.
Amenity Benefits and Public Policy: An Application to the Connecticut Dairy Sector
Authors: Lopez Rigoberto A. , Altobello Marilyn A. , Shah Farhed A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article develops a conceptual framework for analyzing the role of state-level policies towards the dairy sector in the presence of farmland amenity benefits, and applies it to Connecticut. Milk supply, demand and amenity benefit functions are estimated, and three exogenously determined milk prices are considered. The empirical findings show, under each price scenario, the extent to which land is underallocated to the dairy sector if amenity benefits are ignored. Analysis of policy options reveals that a partial production cost subsidy represents the least-cost alternative for attaining the socially optimal solution for the region.
An Analysis of farmers' Policy Attitudes and Preferences for Free Trade
Authors: Kastens Terry L. , Goodwin Barry K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study evaluates the attitudes of U.S. (Kansas) farmers regarding “free-trade” and “free-market” policy environments. In contrast to earlier studies, non-specific policy attitudes are evaluated. A direct measure of farm program benefits is also included. Attitudes vary significantly with farm and operator characteristics. Support for free trade was shown to decrease with education and experience, to increase for farms with relatively more rented land, and to increase as total farm wealth increased. Support for free-trade was also higher for crop farms. Farms receiving more government payments are less likely to favor a free-trade policy environment.
School Choice In Rural Georgia: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Keeler Andrew , Kriesel Warren 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevious empirical studies of school choice have been at the national level, or have focussed on northeastern states. We estimate the demand for private education in rural Georgia, using proportion of private school attendance as an indicator variable. We find that income, tuition, race and school quality are important choice determinants. The results provide useful information for rural school administrators, and suggest that a tuition tax credit would have to be substantial to cause a significant exodus from public schools.
Income Distributional Impacts of Trade Policies in a Multi-Market Framework: A Case in Pakistan
Authors: Hudson Darren , Ethridge Don 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe impacts of using export taxes as a price control in a multi-market framework are explored using the cotton and yarn sectors in Pakistan as examples. Results show that the export tax on cotton increased domestic consumption and decreased exports of cotton in Pakistan, transferring income from cotton producers to yarn spinners and the government. There was a social loss to Pakistan in the cotton sector. The export tax on cotton increased domestic yarn production, consumption, exports, and incomes of yarn spinners, but resulted in a large transfer (social loss) out of the yarn sector.
The Distributional Behavior of Futures Price Spreads
Authors: Kim Min-Kyoung , Leuthold Raymond M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe distributional behavior of futures price spreads is examined for four commodities: corn, live cattle, gold and T-bonds. Remarkably different results are found over commodities, time period, and sample size. Actual spread changes for the smaller sample size of gold and T-bonds and for corn produce more normal distributions for weekly than for daily differencing intervals, while all live cattle spreads for actual changes are normally distributed. However, the larger sample size of both gold and T-bonds and the relative spread changes for corn and live cattle do not become more normally distributed under temporal aggregation of the data.
Modeling Economic Growth with Unpredictable Shocks: A State-Level Application for 1960-90
Authors: Goetz Stephan J. , Ready Richard C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA Barro-type economic growth model is estimated for the 50 states in the U.S. using data for three decades beginning in 1960. Frontier estimation techniques are used to test for the presence of state-specific shocks to economic growth that are independent of the usual, normally-distributed random errors. We find that large, positive shocks to growth occurred during the period 1960-90. Our results indicate that the error term structure assumed under OLS may not be appropriate for modeling economic growth.
Structural Shifts in the Treatment of Intergovernmental Aid: The Case of Rural Roads
Authors: Deller Steven C. , Walzer Norman 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effects of structural shifts in the treatment of intergovernmental aid during the 1980s are tested using a sample of 1,929 rural counties with local road responsibilities. A dynamic model is used to test the hypothesis that local public officials treated intergovernmental aid differently after the Reagan/Bush policy of Fiscal Federalism was implemented. Empirical findings from the dynamic model are that Federal aid was much more stimulative at the end of the decade than in earlier years but the effects of state aid remained the same throughout the 1980s. These differences are attributed to a perception that Federal aid is less certain and more transitory than permanent.
Fluid Milk Purchase Patterns in the South: Effects of Use of Nutrition Information and Household Characteristics
Authors: Jensen Kim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study measures the impacts of use of nutrition information and household socioeconomic characteristics on market participation and amount purchased of whole-fat and low-fat milks in the South. Data are from the 1987-88 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. The results showed that use of nutrition information had little effect on purchase levels, but did affect market participation. Results suggest promotion of milk purchases on the basis of nutritional benefits through health professionals and product packaging are useful tools for the dairy industry to attract market participation.
Report on a Pair of Male Monozygotic Twins Concordant for Schizophrenia
Authors: Lynch Henry T. , Cohen Louis , Kaplan Arnold R. , Lynch Jane 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA pair of MZ twins with diagnoses of chronic simple schizophrenia has been studied from the genetic, social, medical, and psychiatric standpoint by members of the several professions. Clinical psychologists studied the patients independently and on the basis of psychometric and projective tests found a remarkable similarity in personality profiles. An in-depth family study failed to reveal any evidence of psychiatric disease in other relatives. Consanguinity was absent. The family unit is typical of that described frequently for a schizophrenogenic household, i.e., dominant mother, passive father. Genetic etiologies are discussed in context with occurrence of schizophrenia in MZ twins in this particular family setting.
Oculo-Aurigulo-Vertebral Dysplasia (Goldenhar's Syndrome) Concordant In Identical Twins
Authors: Terhaar Ben 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe first case of MZ twins concordant for oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia is reported. In the light of the data from the literature concerning the etiology of the syndrome, this observation does not allow an absolute conclusion but points towards the possible existence of a genetic form of this syndrome.
Determination of Sex Chromatin —A New Concept
Authors: Zaidi Syed Shane Raza 
Published: July 2016

SummaryInstead of the random activation and/or inactivation of the X-chromosome in sex determination, as suggested by the Lyon's hypothesis, a proposal is made here that crossingover between the sister- and/or nonsisterstrands at the sticky or nonsticky loci, at heterochromatinizing regions and at the inactivating centers of the centromère, be responsible for the heterochromatinization and/or heteropyknotization of the X-chromosome. (This proposal will be called the Mustafa hypothesis.)Such would be the basis for the activation and/or inactivation of the X-chromatid(s), which would then replicate into a normal or a heterochromatic X-chromosome respectively. The heterochromatic X-chromosome may be transformed into a heteropyknotized mass of sex chromatin (Barr body). Translocation of the Y-chromosome and of some of the autosomes could also result in the same effect. Hence, the number of heterochromatinized X-chromosomes, and/or of heteropyknotized masses (Barr bodies), in each daughter-cell is directly proportional to half the number of chromatids involved in crossingover and/or translocation in the mother-cell.
The Ergon/Chronon System in Schizophrenia A Twin Study
Authors: Braconi L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTen (eight MM and two FF) MZ twin pairs, with one or both schizophrenic members, have been examined. The disease was concordant in four pairs, discordant in one pair, and partly concordant in five pairs.The time of onset was simultaneous in five pairs, but showed differences of three years in two pairs, and of one-two years in two more pairs. Concordance in the time of onset was not related to severity of the disease.