bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Defective Layered Double Perovskite Oxide for Efficient Energy Storage via Reversible Pseudocapacitive Oxygen‐Anion Intercalation
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Zhenbin , Veder Jean‐Pierre Marcel , Xu Zhenye , Zhong Yijun , Zhou Wei , Tade Moses O. , Wang Shaobin , Shao Zongping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of perovskite materials as anion‐based intercalation pseudocapacitor electrodes has received significant attention in recent years. Notably, these materials, characterized by high oxygen vacancy concentrations, do not require high surface areas to achieve a high energy storage capacity as a result of the bulk intercalation mechanism. This study reports that reduced PrBaMn2O6–δ (r‐PBM), possessing a layered double perovskite structure, exhibits ultrahigh capacitance and functions as an excellent oxygen anion‐intercalation‐type electrode material for supercapacitors. Formation of the layered double perovskite structure, as facilitated by hydrogen treatment, is shown to significantly enhance the capacitance, with the resulting r‐PBM material demonstrating a very high gravimetric capacitance of 1034.8 F g−1 and an excellent volumetric capacitance of ≈2535.3 F cm−3 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The resultant formation of a double perovskite crystal oxide with a specific layered structure leads to the r‐PBM with a substantially higher oxygen diffusion rate and oxygen vacancy concentration. These superior characteristics show immense promise for their application as oxygen anion‐intercalation‐type electrodes in pseudocapacitors.
Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Water Splitting on a 2D Heterostructure of Black Phosphorus/Bismuth Vanadate Using Visible Light
Authors: Zhu Mingshan , Sun Zhichao , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpontaneously solar‐driven water splitting to produce H2 and O2, that is, the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is a dream of mankind. However, it is difficult to make overall water splitting feasible without using any sacrificial agents and external bias. Drawing inspiration from nature, a new artificial Z‐scheme photocatalytic system has been designed herein based on the two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructure of black phosphorus (BP)/bismuth vanadate (BiVO4). An effective charge separation makes possible the reduction and oxidation of water on BP and BiVO4, respectively. The optimum H2 and O2 production rates on BP/BiVO4 were approximately 160 and 102 μmol g−1 h−1 under irradiation of light with a wavelength longer than 420 nm, without using any sacrificial agents or external bias.
Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Nanophosphor with Ambipolar Shell
Authors: Han Chunmiao , Xie Guohua , Xu Hui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSuper‐resolution display (SRD) is crucial to all super‐resolution processing technologies for visualization terminals. Herein, as a proof‐of‐concept, an iridium‐complexed nanoemitter, [Ir(CzPOPBI)3] (CzPOPBI=9,9′‐(3,3′‐(4‐(1‐(3‐(4‐(diphenylphosphoryl)phenoxy)propyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1,2‐phenylene)bis(oxy)bis(propane‐3,1‐diyl))bis(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazole)), with a core–shell structure for charge and exciton spatial allocation is reported, the ambipolar shell of which can balance shell‐to‐core charge transfer and excess charge export. As a result, top performance of spin‐coated host‐free bilayer devices was realized, owing to the simultaneous exciton confinement in the core and exciton‐charge quenching suppression. The competence of [Ir(CzPOPBI)3] as a single‐molecule emissive layer of nanopixel units shows the great potential of this kind of organic core–shell system for high‐performance SRD applications.
Carbon Nanodots as Electrocatalysts towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Martínez‐Periñán Emiliano , Bravo Iria , Rowley‐Neale Samuel J. , Lorenzo Encarnación , Banks Craig E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectrocatalysts perform a key role in increasing efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and as a result, efforts have been made by the scientific community to develop novel and cheap materials that have the capability to exhibit low ORR overpotentials and allow the reaction to occur via a 4 electron pathway, thereby mimicking as close as possible to traditionally utilised platinum. In that context, two different types of carbon nanodots (CNDs) with amide (CND‐CONH2) and carboxylic (CND‐COOH) surface groups, have herein been fabricated and shown to exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR in acid and basic media (0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M KOH). CND surface modified carbon screen‐printed electrodes allow for a facile electrode modification and enabling the study of the CNDs electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR. CND‐COOH modified SPEs are found to exhibit improved ORR peak current and reduced overpotential by 21.9 % and 26.3 %, respectively compared to bare/unmodified SPEs. Additionally, 424 μg cm−2 CND‐COOH modified SPEs in oxygenated 0.1 M KOH are found to facilitate the ORR via a near optimal 4 (3.8) electron ORR pathway. The CNDs also exhibited excellent long‐term stability and tolerance with no degradation being observed in the achievable current with the ORR current returning to the baseline level within 100 seconds of exposure to a 1.5 M solution of methanol. In summary, the CND‐COOH could be utilised as a cathodic electrode for PEMFCs offering greater stability than a commercial Pt electrode.
An exploratory LC‐MS‐based metabolomics study reveals differences in aqueous humor composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract
Authors: Pietrowska Karolina , Dmuchowska Diana Anna , Krasnicki Pawel , Bujalska Aleksandra , Samczuk Paulina , Parfieniuk Ewa , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Wojnar Malgorzata , Mariak Zofia , Kretowski Adam , Ciborowski Michal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed up to a fivefold increased prevalence of cataracts in diabetic subjects. Metabolomics is nowadays frequently implemented to understand pathophysiological processes responsible for disease occurrence and progression. It has also been used recently to study the metabolic composition of aqueous humor (AH). AH is a transparent fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It supplies nutrients and removes metabolic waste from avascular tissues in the eye. The aim of this study was to use metabolomics to compare the AH of diabetic and non‐diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery. Several antioxidants (methyltetrahydrofolic acid, taurine, niacinamide, xanthine, and uric acid) were found decreased (−22 to −61%,p‐value 0.05–0.003) in AH of diabetics. Also amino acids (AA) and derivatives were found decreased (−21 to −36%,p‐value 0.05–0.01) while glycosylated AA increased (+75–98%,p‐value 0.03–0.009) in this group of patients. Metformin was detected in AH of people taking this drug. To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomics study aiming to assess differences in AH composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract. An increased oxidative stress and perturbations in amino acid metabolism in AH may be responsible for earlier cataract onset in diabetic patients.
Electrophoretic large volume sample stacking for sensitive determination of the anti‐microbial agent pentamidine in rat plasma for pharmacological studies
Authors: Tůma Petr , Heneberg Petr , Vaculín Šimon , Koval Dušan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA sensitive capillary electrophoretic method with on‐line sample preconcentration by large volume sample stacking has been developed for determination of the anti‐microbial agent pentamidine. The separation is performed in a fused silica capillary coated with covalently bound hydroxypropyl cellulose, with an internal diameter of 50 μm and length of 31.5 cm; the background electrolyte was 100 mM acetic acid/Tris at pH 4.7. The stacking is tested using a model sample of 1 μM pentamidine dissolved in 25% infusion solution and 75% acidified acetonitrile. Stacking permits the injection of a sample zone with a length of 95% of the total capillary length to achieve an enhancing factor of 77 compared to low injection into 1.8% of the total capillary length, with simultaneous high separation efficiency of approximately 1 350 000 plates/m. Stacking is based on simultaneous application of a separation field and a hydrodynamic pressure to force the acetonitrile zone out of the capillary. This approach allows the determination of pentamidine in rat blood plasma using only 12.5 μL of plasma treated by the addition of acetonitrile in a ratio of 1:3 v/v. The attained LOD is 0.03 μM and the intra‐day repeatability is 0.1% for the migration time and 1.0% for the peak area at the injection 28.3% of capillary length. The performed pharmacokinetic study with ten‐second scanning of the blood reveals rapid dynamics of pentamidine in the arterial bloodstream, while the changes are much slower in the venous system.
Active Tensile/Compressive Stress‐Regulated Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanism in Electrodes
Authors: Xie Haimei , Guo Jiangang , Song Haibin , Shi Baoqin , Kang Yilan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCoupling of mechanical load and electrochemical behavior of an electrode determines its fading process. Here, active‐stress‐regulated electrochemical behavior is investigated experimentally. A coin‐cell structure with curved spacers is designed to load active tensile/compressive stresses onto Si‐composite electrodes to decouple the effect from coupled stress. Electrochemical tests are conducted to measure the cyclic and kinetic performance in electrodes. It is found that active tensile (compressive) stress enhances (inhibits) the electrochemical behavior of Si‐composite electrodes, manifesting as improved (worsened) cyclic performance and faster (slower) diffusion and reaction. Furthermore, the extent of enhancement due to tensile stress is greater than the extent of inhibition induced by an equivalent compressive stress. Multi‐scale analyses of the regulation mechanism of active stress on electrochemical behavior are performed and show that active tensile stress provides more channels for ion transport and electron migration. It also increases spaces for deformation to achieve multi‐scale alleviation of compressive stress, including that originating from particle contact and that along the electrode thickness. Both diffusion and reaction are enhanced in particles and electrodes. Active tensile stress enhances cyclic performance and reduces energy dissipation, while the inhibition mechanism of active compressive stress is the opposite.
Multiple solutions for strongly resonant Robin problems
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Vetro Calogero , Vetro Francesca 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe consider nonlinear (driven by the p‐Laplacian) and semilinear Robin problems with indefinite potential and strong resonance with respect to the principal eigenvalue. Using variational methods and critical groups, we prove four multiplicity theorems producing up to four nontrivial smooth solutions.
Hügel knacken, Därme quetschen, Naturstoffe finden
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUm zu untersuchen, welche Sekundärmetabolite bei pilzzüchtenden Termiten und in deren natürlichem Lebensraum vorkommen, nimmt eine Arbeitsgruppe aus Jena Hitze, Gestank und körperliche Arbeit auf sich. Sie will herausfinden, wie diese Stoffe entstehen und was der Mensch damit anfangen kann.
Dioxin und die Höchstgehalte in Säuglingsnahrung
Authors: Zhang Hong , Schwarze Jochen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDer derzeit in der Europäischen Union geltende Höchstgehalt für Dioxine führt dazu, dass Kleinkinder und Säuglinge im ungünstigsten Fall das 32‐Fache der nach der Weltgesundheitsorganisation tolerierbaren Menge aufnehmen. Nun setzt die EU die Höchstgehalte neu fest.
kFEM: Adaptive meshfree finite‐element methods using local kernels on arbitrary subdomains
Authors: Quaglino A. , Krause R. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe propose a novel finite‐element method for polygonal meshes. The resulting scheme is hp‐adaptive, where h and p are a measure of, respectively, the size and the number of degrees of freedom of each polygon. Moreover, it is locally meshfree, since it is possible to arbitrarily choose the locations of the degrees of freedom inside each polygon. Our construction is based on nodal kernel functions, whose support consists of all polygons that contain a given node. This ensures a significantly higher sparsity compared to standard meshfree approximations. In this work, we choose axis‐aligned quadrilaterals as polygonal primitives and maximum entropy approximants as kernels. However, any other convex approximation scheme and convex polygons can be employed. We study the optimal placement of nodes for regular elements, ie, those that are not intersected by the boundary, and propose a method to generate a suitable mesh. Finally, we show via numerical experiments that the proposed approach provides good accuracy without undermining the sparsity of the resulting matrices.
Behavioral effects of long‐term oral administration of aluminum ammonium sulfate in male and female C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Shoji Hirotaka , Irino Yasuhiro , Yoshida Masaru , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAluminum (Al) is considered to be a neurotoxic metal, and excessive exposure to Al has been reported to be a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Al ammonium sulfate is one of the Al compounds that is widely used as a food additive. However, the effects of the oral administration of Al ammonium sulfate on physical development and behavior remain to be examined.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of the administration of Al ammonium sulfate 12‐water dissolved in drinking water (0.075 mg/mL) beginning in adolescence on various types of behavior in adult female C57BL/6J mice through a battery of behavioral tests (low‐dose experiment; Experiment 1). We further examined the behavioral effects of the oral administration of a higher dose of the Al compound in drinking water (1 mg/mL) beginning in the prenatal period on behavior in adult male and female mice (high‐dose experiment; Experiment 2).ResultsIn the low‐dose experiment, in which females’ oral intake of Al was estimated to be 0.97 mg Al/kg/d as adults, Al‐treated females exhibited an increase in total arm entries in the elevated plus maze test, an initial decrease and subsequent increase in immobility in the forced swim test, and reduced freezing in the fear conditioning test approximately 1 month after the conditioning session compared with vehicle‐treated females (uncorrected P < .05). However, the behavioral differences did not reach a statistically significant level after correction for multiple testing. In the high‐dose experiment, in which animals’ oral intakes were estimated to be about ten times higher than those in the low‐dose experiment, behavioral differences found in the low‐dose experiment were not observed in high‐dose Al‐treated mice, suggesting that the results of the low‐dose experiment might be false positives. Additionally, although high‐dose Al‐treated females exhibited increased social contacts with unfamiliar conspecifics and impaired reference memory performance, and high‐dose Al‐treated mice exhibited decreases in prepulse inhibition and in correct responses in the working memory task (uncorrected P < .05), the differences in any of the behavioral measures did not reach the significance level after correction for multiple testing.ConclusionOur results show that long‐term oral exposure to Al ammonium sulfate at the doses used in this study may have the potential to induce some behavioral changes in C57BL/6J mice. However, the behavioral effects of Al were small and statistically weak, as indicated by the fact that the results failed to reach the study‐wide significance level. Thus, further study will be needed to replicate the results and reevaluate the behavioral outcomes of oral intake of Al ammonium sulfate.
Bias from outcome misclassification in immunization schedule safety research
Authors: Newcomer Sophia R. , Kulldorff Martin , Xu Stan , Daley Matthew F. , Fireman Bruce , Lewis Edwin , Glanz Jason M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThe Institute of Medicine recommended conducting observational studies of childhood immunization schedule safety. Such studies could be biased by outcome misclassification, leading to incorrect inferences. Using simulations, we evaluated (1) outcome positive predictive values (PPVs) as indicators of bias of an exposure‐outcome association, and (2) quantitative bias analyses (QBA) for bias correction.MethodsSimulations were conducted based on proposed or ongoing Vaccine Safety Datalink studies. We simulated 4 studies of 2 exposure groups (children with no vaccines or on alternative schedules) and 2 baseline outcome levels (100 and 1000/100 000 person‐years), with 3 relative risk (RR) levels (RR = 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00), across 1000 replications using probabilistic modeling. We quantified bias from non‐differential and differential outcome misclassification, based on levels previously measured in database research (sensitivity > 95%; specificity > 99%). We calculated median outcome PPVs, median observed RRs, Type 1 error, and bias‐corrected RRs following QBA.ResultsWe observed PPVs from 34% to 98%. With non‐differential misclassification and true RR = 2.00, median bias was toward the null, with severe bias (median observed RR = 1.33) with PPV = 34% and modest bias (median observed RR = 1.83) with PPV = 83%. With differential misclassification, PPVs did not reflect median bias, and there was Type 1 error of 100% with PPV = 90%. QBA was generally effective in correcting misclassification bias.ConclusionsIn immunization schedule studies, outcome misclassification may be non‐differential or differential to exposure. Overall outcome PPVs do not reflect the distribution of false positives by exposure and are poor indicators of bias in individual studies. Our results support QBA for immunization schedule safety research.
Stillstand als Täuschung
Authors: Ehrmann Guido , Ehrmann Andrea 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDer aus der Technik bekannte Stroboskop‐Effekt kann auch im menschlichen Auge auftreten. Er erweckt zum Beispiel den Eindruck, dass die Radspeichen eines vorbeifahrenden Wagens stillstehen oder sich langsam rückwärts drehen. Für seine Ursache gibt es unterschiedliche Erklärungen. Untersuchungen dieses Effektes können insbesondere vom Flackern vieler Leuchtmittel gestört werden, weshalb Messungen bei reinem Tageslicht am zuverlässigsten sind.
Ein Whirlpool aus Elektronen
Authors: Schattschneider Peter , Schachinger Thomas , Verbeeck Johan 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungElektronenvortices sind junge Spieler auf dem weiten Gebiet der Teilchen‐ und Festkörperphysik mit enormem Entwicklungspotenzial. Wie optische Vortices tragen sie Bahndrehimpuls. Da sie im Elektronenmikroskop auf atomare Dimensionen fokussiert werden können, ähneln sie frei im Raum propagierenden Atomorbitalen. Im Magnetfeld erlauben sie die Untersuchung von Landau‐Zuständen außerhalb von Materie. Sie sind Hoffnungsträger für neue festkörperphysikalische Untersuchungsmethoden in der Elektronenmikroskopie. Ihre besonderen Eigenschaften, vor allem der Bahndrehimpuls und das vom Spin unabhängige quantisierte magnetische Moment, lassen auch kühnere Spekulationen zu. Diese reichen von der Nanomanipulation über die Untersuchung der Teilchendynamik in extremen Magnetfeldern bis zur Hochenergiephysik.
Biobased Diels‐Alder Engineered Network from Furfuryl Alcohol and Epoxy Resin: Preparation and Mechano‐Physical Characteristics
Authors: Karami Zeinab , Zohuriaan‐Mehr Mohammad Jalal , Rostami Ali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study reports the use of Diels‐Alder (DA) chemistry to engineer a three‐step strategy for making a novel hybrid epoxy‐furan network (HDAN), from DGEBA resin and the fully bio‐based monomer furfuryl alcohol (FA). Thus, a furfurylated epoxy resin‐ (FER) was synthesized via reaction of DGEBA and FA. FER was blended with poly(furfuryl alcohol) bio‐resin, and in turn crosslinked with a bismaleimide to form HDAN. HDAN showed an inferior mechanical properties but superior thermo‐stability compared to those of a control sample i.e. amine‐cured DGEBA. Degradability of HDAN network was investigated both by thermal and ultrasonic methods. The results proved that the ultrasonic degradation isan alternative method for the thermal retro‐DA reaction. DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation, disconnection and re‐formation of DA cross‐linkages. Excellent thermo‐remending of scratched samples and practical welding of separated sample pieces were also approved by electron microscopy. In conclusion, HDAN was considered as an initiative candidate to be used in advanced applications (e. g., polymer composites…) requiring re‐processability, re‐mendability and weldability.
OBSERVING PITCH GESTURES FAVORS THE LEARNING OF SPANISH INTONATION BY MANDARIN SPEAKERS
Authors: Yuan Chenjie , González-Fuente Santiago , Baills Florence , Prieto Pilar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent studies on the learning of L2 prosody have suggested that pitch gestures can enhance the learning of the L2 lexical tones. Yet it remains unclear whether the use of these gestures can aid the learning of L2 intonation, especially by tonal-language speakers. Sixty-four Mandarin speakers with basic-level Spanish were asked to learn three Spanish intonation patterns, all involving a low tone on the nuclear accent. In a pre-post test experimental design, half of the participants received intonation training without the use of pitch gestures (the control group) while the other half received the same training but with pitch gestures representing nuclear intonation contours (the experimental group). Musical (melody, pitch) abilities were also measured. The results revealed that (a) the experimental group significantly improved intonational production outcomes, and (b) even though participants with stronger musical abilities performed better, those with weaker musical abilities benefited more from observing pitch gestures.
Longitudinal Loneliness and Its Risk Factors among Older People in England
Authors: Yang Keming 
Published: January 2018

RÉSUMÉCet article présente les trajectoires longitudinales de la solitude associée au vieillissement et modélise les impacts de ses différents facteurs de risques. Les données proviennent des vagues 2 à 6 (2004/5 – 2012/13) de l’Étude longitudinale anglaise sur le vieillissement de la population (English Longitudinal Studies of Ageing; ELSA). Les répondants ayant participé à au moins deux vagues qui ont répondu de manière valide à l’Échelle de solitude de la UCLA (UCLA three-item loneliness scale) ont été inclus dans l’étude (ligne de base : n = 9171). Bien que les statistiques décrivant les changements entre les vagues confirment la stabilité de la solitude dans une optique longitudinale chez les personnes âgées, une attention particulière devrait être portée à la proportion restreinte de personnes âgées qui se retrouvent dans une « solitude longitudinale ». L’état de santé autodéclaré et les relations avec l’époux et les enfants faisaient partie des facteurs de risques significatifs; aussi, les changements dans le lien de proximité avec l’époux affectaient davantage le score de solitude que la perte de l’époux. D’autres recherches devront être menées afin d’identifier les événements personnels et sociaux qui accroissent la solitude des personnes âgées sur le long terme.