bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON LUNGS OF BALB/C MICE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS AND HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
Authors: Hassan Ali , Aziz Tariq , Bayati Ali 
Published: July 2017

Background
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are responsible for a high percentage of pediatric medical admissions and considered major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries.
Objective
To investigate histopathological findings in lungs of BALB/c mice exposed to intranasal inoculation with human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus.
Materials and Methods
Thirty six BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups (9 mice/group) as follows, Group 1 mice inoculated by viral transport medium (VTM) treated with nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) obtained from children positive for HRSV; group 2 mice inoculated by VTM treated with NPS obtained from children positive for the HMPV;
group 3 mice inoculated by sterile VTM and group 4 mice were free of inoculation. The mice were sacrificed using inhalation anesthesia and their lungs were excised and undergone histopathological processes to prepare tissue sections for microscopic examination.
Results
Frequency rates of NPS positive for HMPV and HRSV were relatively high but they coincide with the reported incidences of HMPV and HRSV infections among children worldwide. An intense inflammatory response was observed in HRSV-inoculated mice represented mainly by infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the perivascular and peribronchiolar areas associated with alveolar distortion and bronchiolar epithelial sloughing and also associated with syncytium formation within the epithelial tissue in two mice. On the other hand, HMPV-inoculated mice showed a less intense mononuclear inflammatory response in the perivascular and peribronchiolar areas associated with bronchiolar epithelial sloughing, slight deposition of edematous fluid within the interalveolar septa and distortion of alveolar tissue.
Conclusion
The direct fluorescent assay (DFA) showed high frequency rates of HRSV and HMPV infection among children admitted to the Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Al Sulaimaniyah city and the histopathological examination of the lungs of mice exposed to intranasal inoculation with HRSV revealed an intense mononuclear inflammatory response, alveolar tissue distortion, bronchiolar epithelial sloughing and syncytium formation compared to less intense mononuclear inflammatory response in lungs of HMPV-inoculated mice.
HUGE UMBILICAL HERNIA WITH SKIN ULCERATION AND BOWEL PROTRUSION IN A PATIENT WITH MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Arif Sarmad 
Published: July 2017

Background
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare inherited storage disease caused by defect or absence of a lysosomal enzymes that result in systemic deposition of MPS recently called glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with development of a spectrum of diseases of different presentations and severity. Hurler disease is a subtype of (MPS I) caused by α L-iduronidase enzyme deficiency in the lysosomes.
A thirteen-year-old female mentally retarded patient, short stature with multiple congenital abnormalities admitted to Sulaimaniyah emergency hospital in the Kurdistan of Iraq. She had a huge irreducible umbilical hernia with ulceration and protrusion of the omentum and small bowel from the hernia sac diagnosed after
admission as Hurler syndrome. She was treated successfully as an emergency case and the patient discharged well following a challenging operation.
Type and Concentration Effects of some Active Ingredients on the Performance of Bentonite Lubricant Grease
Authors: Abd-Alghani Mohammad , Sherhan Bashir 
Published: July 2017

Optimization study was carried out on the materials used in preparation of lubricant grease
prepared from bentonite. This study included the selection of the optimum type and percent of
quaternary ammonium salts to convert the bentonite from hydrophilic to organophilic; tetraethyl
ammonium chloride and tetraethyl ammonium bromide were used for this purpose. It was seen that
the quaternary ammonium chloride gave the best results because of the high tendency of calcium
ion to react with chloride ion than that with bromide ion; over more it gave a less swelling.
The effect of treated bentonite added in different percentage on the penetration point, NLGI
(National Lubricating Greases Institute number), drop point, and water resistance of the prepared
grease was studied. It was seen that by increasing the percentage of added organophilic bentonite
with the prepared grease caused a decrease in the penetration point which is correspond to increase
in the consistency of stiffness of grease. These results were in agreement with the NLGI
classification system. It was noticed that by increasing the percentage of added organophilic
bentonite in the prepared grease caused an increase in the dropping point and in the degree of
water resistance.
Effect of Soil Application of Zinc Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Wheat at Bakrajow and Kanypanka locations in Sulaimani Governorate.
Authors: Mam-Rasul Ghafoor , Mustafa Banaz , Ahmad Kamil 
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted during growing season of 2010 - 2011, to study the effect of four
levels of Zinc as Zn- EDTA ( 0, 20, 40, 60 kg Zn ha-1) on growth traits and yield of wheat variety
ovanto at two different agricultural locations ( Bakrajow and Kanypanka) using Randomized
Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. The results showed that the increase in rates
of Zn causes an increase in grain yield, grain zinc content and zinc uptake by plant, from both of
locations. However the results showed that the relative yield was decreased with increasing of zinc
application rate from both of locations.
Theoretical Calculation of Different Ion Surface Interaction Parameters of Si Target
Authors: Ali Sarwar , Saeed S. 
Published: July 2017

Longitudinal projected range, energy losses, and sputtering yield are calculated of silicon
target that bombarded with inert ion gases such as He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe using SRIM package.
Obtained results show increasing of longitudinal projected range with ion energy and decreasing
with incident ion mass. The energy losses originated by the nuclear and electronic depending on ion
ranges, generally at low ion energy the nuclear stopping power is dominated in comparison with the
electronic stopping power, and the range of domination varies with changing ion species. Further,
the sputtering yield founded, increasing with ion energy up to maximum value then tending to
decrease, as well as it increases with increasing ion incident angle and decreases with decreasing ion
mass.
AnalyzingNB, DT and NBTree Intrusion Detection Algorithms
Authors: Mahmood Deeman , Hussein Dr. Mohammed 
Published: July 2017

This work implements data mining techniques for analysing the performance of Naive Bayes,
C4.5 Decision Tree, and the hybrid of these two algorithms the Naive Bayes Tree (NBTree). The
goal is to select the most efficient algorithm to build a network intrusion detection system (NIDS).
For our experimental analysis we used the new NSL-KDD dataset, which is a modified dataset of
the KDDCup 1999 intrusion detection benchmark dataset, with a split of 66.0% for the training set
and the remainder for the testing set. In the testing process Weka has been used, which is a Java
based open source framework consisting of a collection of machine learning algorithms for data
mining applications. In terms of accuracy the experimental results show that the hybrid NBTree is
more precise than the other two approaches and the decision tree is better than the Naive Bayes
algorithm. Otherwise, in terms of speed of response the Naive Bayes outperform the other two
algorithms followed by Decision Tree and NBTree, respectively.
Water Quality Index (WQI) Of Some Wells Located In The Region Of Kani Goma And Kanasura In Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: HamaSalh Nizar 
Published: July 2017

A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a useful statistical tool for simplifying, reporting and
interpreting complex information obtained from any body of water. A simple number given by
any WQI model explains the level of water contamination. This study is carried out by using
twelve ecological parameters in evaluating the quality of the ground water for drinking usage,
by choosing four sampling sites in Kanasura and Kanigoma district located in Sulaimani city
during 15 July, 2013 to 1 September 2013. The sampling was repeated after 15 days and the
present study is spread over a period of two months of summer season. The present study aimed
to calculate water quality index (WQI) by the analysis of twelve physico-chemical parameters on
the basis of Weighted Arithmetic Index in order to assess the suitability of water for drinking
purposes and other human uses. These physico-chemical parameters like Electrical
Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+) ,
Total Hardness as CaCO3, Nitrate (NO3-_N), Nitrite, (NO2-_N), Sulfate (SO4 2-), Chloride(Cl-),
and Phosphate (PO43-_P). The observed values of these physico-chemical parameters were compared
with WHO standards. The results showed that water quality varied from good water
to poor water range.
A Generalization of Epiform Modules
Authors: Hamaali Payman 
Published: July 2017

In this paper we introduce a generalization of epiform modules. A module M is called an
f epiform  module if every proper finitely generated submodule of M is a corational
submodule of M. Also we investigate some basic properties of this type of modules. We studied
some relationships between this type of modules and some other modules.
Microfacies and depositional environment of theAsmari Formation of the Bandar-pol anticline, Zagros Basin, South of Iran
Authors: Hashmie A. , Najafie A. , Rezaei P. , Ghorbanie M. 
Published: July 2017

The Asmari Formation (Oligocene-Miocene), a thick carbonate succession of shallow-
water carbonates of the intrashelf basin deposits of Zagros Mountains, has been studied to
determine its microfacies and paleoenvironments. In the study area (Bandar-pol anticline), the
Asmari Formation is subdivided into nine microfacies that are distinguished by petrographic
analysis on the basis of their depositional textures and fauna. Consequently, five major
depositional environments were identified in the formation. Based on the paleoecology and
lithology, five distinct depositional settings can be recognized: tidal flat (MF1), lagoon (MF2-3-
4), shoal (MF5), restricted (MF6) and open marine (MF7-8-9). Based on the environmental
interpretations, a ramp consisting of inner and middle parts prevails.
Different Types of Three-Term CG-Methods with Sufficient Descent and Conjugacy Conditions
Authors: Al-Bayati Abbas , Al-Khayat Hawraz 
Published: July 2017

It is very important to generate a descent search direction independent of line searches in
showing the global convergence of conjugate gradient methods. Recently, Zhang et al. proposed
a three-term of PR method (TTPR) and HS method (TTHS), both of which can produce
sufficient descent condition. In this paper, we treat two subjects: we first consider new unified
formula of three-term CG algorithm, second we suggested new scaled three-term algorithm
based on Birgin-Martínez algorithm and which satisfied both the descent and conjugacy
conditions are proposed. This algorithms are modification of the Hestenes-Stiefel and Birgin-
Martínez algorithms, also the algorithms could be considered as a modification of the
memoryless BFGS quasi-Newton method. Our algorithms can proved the global convergence
property and more efficiently than HS and BM algorithms in numerical results.
Presentation Ideals in Locally Multiplications Modules
Authors: Jabbar Adil 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, presentation ideals in locally multiplication modules are studied. It is known
that if is a multiplication module and are submodules of , then and, for ideals of and the product
, is defined as . We generalize this concept to locally multiplication modules and we prove
that under certain conditions some results that concerning presentation ideals in multiplication
modules can be generalized to locally multiplication modules.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cutting Treatments on Forage and Its Components of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in Sulaimani Region
Authors: Aziz Omer 
Published: July 2017

This investigation was conducted for two successive years (2009 and 2010) in the Qliassan
Agriculture Research Station, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Sulaimani, to study the
effect of Nitrogen fertilizer (0 , 20 , and 40 kg N/ha) and two cutting treatment (Clipping the crop
once and twice) on the characters of plant height, number of tillers/ plant, fresh and dry leaf %,
fresh and dry stem %, dry matter% , green and dry weight/plant, leaf dry weight , stem dry weight,
and fresh and dry forage yield for pearl millet. Results indicated the presence of significant effect of
nitrogen fertilizer on dry leaf% at the first season, and on plant height and number of tillers/plant
at the second season and average of both seasons, and also on characters fresh weight/plant, and
dry/weight/plant dry leaf yield, forage yield at the second season and dry leaf yield and fresh forage
yield only for the average of both seasons. Concerning cutting treatments on studied characters for
both seasons and average of two seasons, results indicated the out-yielding the treatment of two cut
in plant height, fresh and dry steam% dry steam yield fresh forage yield , dry forage yield. While
the treatment of one cut out-yielded two cuts in fresh and dry leaf% in which there are no
significant effect of cutting on dry matter%, dry leaf yield. Concerning to the interaction effect
between the two factor levels, the results of combine analysis indicate non significant effect on all
characters except of plant height, fresh weight/plant in the average of both seasons, and dry leaf
yield in the second season.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase gene production by E. coli isolated from human and broiler in Sulemania province/ Iraq
Authors: Saeed Nahla 
Published: July 2017

A total of 311 Escherichia coli isolated from 460 healthy chickens at marketing age, and
56 E. coli isolated were obtained from 124 adult workers in broiler farms between April and
October 2013 -. Isolated E. coli were identified by cultural, biochemical, and Api E 20 test.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by using the modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc
diffusion method. The antibiotic sensitivity result showed that the isolates were highly resistant
to Beta-lactam antibiotics. Among the 311 isolated E. coli from healthy chickens 264 (84.9%)
produced Beta-lactamase, while only 35 (62. 5%) of the 56 human isolates were found to
produce the enzyme. All of the 264 β-lactamase producer E. coli isolated from healthy chickens
and 35 β-lactamase producer E. coli isolated from human were tested for extended spectrum -
β-lactamase (ESBL) production, it was found that only 201 (76.1%) and 19 (54.3%), were
ESBL producers of E. coli isolated from healthy chickens and human respectively. Plasmids
were detected in all ESBL producer- E. coli (201) isolated from healthy chickens, which were
highly resistant to Beta-lactam antibiotics, while plasmid was detected only in 15 (78.9%) from
19 ESBLs producer E. coli isolated from human. By transformation the extracted plasmids into
E. coli DH5α; it was found that 165 (82.1%) Beta-lactamase genes from 201 isolates from
healthy chickens were carried by plasmid, while 10 (66.6%) Beta-lactamase genes from 15
plasmid isolated from human were carried by plasmid. The majority of these ESBL genes
(69.7%) were blaTEM and (10.9%) were blaCTX-M genes in healthy chickens, while in human the
majority of ESBL genes were (60%) blaTEM and (20. %) were blaCTX-M genes. Eleven isolated
from healthy chickens and one isolated from human did not contain blaTEM, blaSHV or blaCTX-M.
Allelopathic Potential of Aerial and Root Extracts of Alfalfa Against Germination and Seedling Related Traits of Four Weed Species.
Authors: Rasool Abdulsalam 
Published: July 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of aerial and root water extract of Alfalfa
(Medicago sativa) plant on seed germination and seedling growth of four weed species. This
study was carried out in the phytochemistry laboratory/Faculty of Agricultural Sciences/Sulaimani
University. Factorial experiment conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3
replications, including five concentrations 2,4,6,8 and 10 g of aerial and root dry tissues of alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.) plants per 100ml of MeOH 70% v/v, against germination and seedling growth
of four problematic weeds, which widely distributed in wheat fields, namely cephalaria (Cephalaria
syriaca L.), rye grass (Lolium perenne L.), bitter vetch (Lathyrus linifolius L.) and black mustard
(Brassica nigra L.). Results of experiment showed that extracts from dry tissue of aerial and root
parts of alfalfa greatly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of weeds at all
concentrations compared to water control. Root extracts had the higher allelopathic potential
toward imbibitions and germination of weeds compared to aerial extracts. Root extract reduced
imbibitions by 61, 54, 61, 54 % and caused germination inhibition I%, by 51, 37, 34, and 47 % in
cephalaria, rye grass, bitter vetch and black mustard respectively. Aerial extracts, significantly
reduced hypocotyls, radicle length and dry weight compared to root extracts. The reduction of
seedling traits of cephalaria, rye grass, bitter vetch and black mustard respectively due to aerial
extracts compared to water control were 52, 52, 32, 35% hypocotyls length reduction, 41, 44, 33,
48% radicle length reduced, 58, 61, 64, 76% hypocotyls dry weight losses and 60, 57, 58, 77% were
losses in radicle dry weight. Allelopathicity increased for aerial and root tissues with increase in
concentrations and the greatest inhibition was 80% equally for imbibitions and I%, which obtained
by 10g dry root tissue per 100 ml MeOH extract occurred in cephalaria, while 10 g dry aerial tissues
per 100 ml MeOH extracts shows the highest inhibition percentages of hypocotyls length by 78% in
rye grass, radicle length by 79% in cephalaria, hypocotyls dry weight and radicle dry weight by
90% both in black mustard.
Phylogenic Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Shows Circulation of New Genotype in Iraq
Authors: Rashid Peshnyar , Marouf Ari , Raheem Zhino , Babashekh Muhamad 
Published: July 2017

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Iraq. There were no much informations
about FMD genotypes in Iraq. In this study, FMD type A virus was identified by RT-PCR from
a cow in Kurdistan region. Viral protein1 (VP1) was amplified, sequenced and published in
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank as Slemani/Kurdistan/2013.
VP1 nucleic acid and amino acid sequence of Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 was comparatively
analysed with all previously published Iraqi FMDV type A sequences available in NCBI Gen
Bank from 1964 to 2013. The result indicated that Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 had 10 amino acid
residues in immunogenic VP1 region, which were not present in other Iraqi FMD isolates.
Furthermore, sequence alignment of Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 showed the amino acid identity
ranged from 83 % to 93%, and the nucleotide identity ranged from 69% to 93% with other
Iraqi FMDV type A isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the identified field isolate
differed from the other Iraqi subtype and could be placed in distinct sub lineages. It can be
concluded that new genotype was circulated in Iraq. Therefore, monitoring the emergence of
new FMDV strains in Iraq is important to enable appropriate vaccines selection.
Construction of control charts by using Fuzzy Multinomial -FM and EWMA Chart “Comparative study"
Authors: Rashid Kawa , Haydar Suzan 
Published: July 2017

The control chart is a graphical tool for monitoring the activities of a manufacturing process.
It plays a vital role in Statistical Process Control (SPC). These charts help us to take correct
decisions. The use of statistical methods in statistical quality control has a long history. The P-
chart plays the important role in controlling the fraction of nonconforming article produced.
The use of fuzzy has an effective role with inaccurate data. Great efforts have been made in the
direction of combining the Quality Control with fuzzy concept. Therefore; Fuzzy control chart
are connecting link between fuzzy logic and Quality Control technique, the goal of this
connection is to combine the advantage of both disciplines in order to process deal with linguistic
concepts and classified each item in more than two categories such as bad, medium, good, very
good and excellent.
This paper presents an extension of standard control chart to deal with linguistic categories
and the variable sampling size (VSS), it is named as fuzzy multinomial charts (FM-chart), and
we illustrate this approach by numerical example. This paper is comparing FM-chart with the
conventional p – chart and EWMA Control Chart. It is seen that FM chart with VSS performs
better than the conventional charts, this method is more sensitive, accurate and more economic
for assisting decision maker to control the operation system as early time, especially when there
is a change in sample sizes.
Vaccines against Ovine Toxoplasmosis: History, Advances and Current status
Authors: Sulaiman Rawaz 
Published: July 2017

Toxoplasmosis is a common and wide spread global disease, caused by a protozoan parasite,
Toxoplasma gondii. The condition afflicts both animal and human, causing abortion and congenital
defects. Hence, it is of a huge veterinary and medical concern. With on-going researches, the
mechanism of the disease is better appreciated nowadays. Developing a vaccine for veterinary use,
more precisely for sheep will not only gain economic advantages, but it will also bring insight into
discovering one for human use as well. Until now, the only available commercial vaccine in sheep is
based on the attenuated T.gondii strain S48, known as Toxovac®, but the vaccine is only capable to
provide a short immunity. Additionally, it is expensive and inappropriate to be applied in human. In
recent years, different experimental studies have demonstrated the probability of developing a new
vaccine. This paper tries to highlight the history of discovering the first commercial vaccine against
toxoplasmosis in sheep, along with recent advances in the field and shining a light to the current
status of vaccine trials.
Evolution of Surface morphology on Ion Sputtered of Some III-V (001) Semiconductors
Authors: Saeed Salah 
Published: July 2017

Surface patterning of some III-V (001) compounds, under ion irradiation, has been investigated by means of Atomic Force Microscopy. The III-V(001) surfaces were exposed by Ar+ beam with varying incident angles (from 0° to 80° off-normal) with energy 2.0 keV and fluence 8.8 x1016 ion/cm2 at room temperature. Depending on the ion incident angle and target materials, different kinds of nanostructures have been observed on the surfaces, such as nanocavities, nanodots and well-ordered ripples at the oblique incidence angle of irradiation. The orientation of the ripples has been found to be incident angle dependent and it elongates along the projection of the ion beam on the irradiated surface. The RMS roughness and wavelength of the developed nanostructures are dependent on the angle and type of material. The results have been discussed in terms of ballistic processes of sputtering and Bradley Harper theory for surface modifications.