bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Who Have a Suboptimal Response to Anti-VEGF: Recommendations of an Expert Panel
Authors: Regillo Carl D. , Callanan David G. , Do Diana V. , Fine Howard F. , Holekamp Nancy M. , Kuppermann Baruch D. , Singer Michael A. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Guidance on the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) is lacking. This study aimed to develop a clinically recommended treatment paradigm for DME with emphasis on the role of corticosteroids.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
An expert panel of nine retinal specialists in the United States developed consensus recommendations for DME treatment through a modified Delphi process.

RESULTS:
The panelists typically use intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists as first-line treatment of DME and switch patients with an inadequate response to anti-VEGF therapy (failure of best-corrected visual acuity to improve to 20/40 or better because of edema after three to six monthly injections, or a less-than-50% reduction in excess macular thickness after three to four monthly injections) to intravitreal corticosteroid treatment.

CONCLUSION:
Intravitreal corticosteroids have a potentially useful role in the treatment of patients with DME who have an inadequate response to intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:291–301.]
Low Fluence Photodynamic Therapy Versus Graded Subthreshold Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Results From a Prospective Study
Authors: Manayath George J. , Karandikar Smita S. , Narendran Siddharth , Kumarswamy Karan A. , Saravanan VR , Morris Rodney J. , Venkatapathy Narendran 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The authors compare low fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) against graded subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Forty-two eyes of 42 patients with chronic CSC were included in this prospective, nonrandomized, interventional trial. All patients were offered PDT as an initial intervention. If they declined PDT, TTT was offered.

RESULTS:

Twenty patients underwent PDT and 22 underwent TTT. The difference in best-corrected visual acuity between the TTT and PDT groups at baseline and at 6 months after treatment was not significant (
P
= .728). The mean foveal thickness decreased significantly in both groups (
P
= .001). However, patients in the TTT group required more treatments (
P
= .013) and longer time for resolution of the CSC (
P
= .013).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both PDT and TTT may be equally effective in the treatment of chronic CSC. Graded subthreshold TTT may be a cost-effective and safe alternative for PDT.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:334–338.]
DNA damage by lipid peroxidation products: implications in cancer, inflammation and autoimmunity
Authors: Gentile Fabrizio , Arcaro Alessia , Pizzimenti Stefania , Daga Martina , Cetrangolo Giovanni Paolo , Dianzani Chiara , Lepore Alessio , Graf Maria , Ames Paul R. J. , Barrera Giuseppina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by inflammation, excess metal storage and excess caloric intake cause generalized DNA damage, producing genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The consequent deregulation of cell homeostasis is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of malignancies and degenerative diseases. Reactive aldehydes produced by LPO, such as malondialdehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, react with DNA bases, generating promutagenic exocyclic DNA adducts, which likely contribute to the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects associated with oxidative stress-induced LPO. However, reactive aldehydes, when added to tumor cells, can exert an anticancerous effect. They act, analogously to other chemotherapeutic drugs, by forming DNA adducts and, in this way, they drive the tumor cells toward apoptosis. The aldehyde-DNA adducts, which can be observed during inflammation, play an important role by inducing epigenetic changes which, in turn, can modulate the inflammatory process.The pathogenic role of the adducts formed by the products of LPO with biological macromolecules in the breaking of immunological tolerance to self antigens and in the development of autoimmunity has been supported by a wealth of evidence. The instrumental role of the adducts of reactive LPO products with self protein antigens in the sensitization of autoreactive cells to the respective unmodified proteins and in the intermolecular spreading of the autoimmune responses to aldehyde-modified and native DNA is well documented. In contrast, further investigation is required in order to establish whether the formation of adducts of LPO products with DNA might incite substantial immune responsivity and might be instrumental for the spreading of the immunological responses from aldehyde-modified DNA to native DNA and similarly modified, unmodified and/or structurally analogous self protein antigens, thus leading to autoimmunity.
A Parametric Test to Discriminate Between a Linear Regression Model and a Linear Latent Growth Model
Authors: Barnabani Marco 
Published: April 2017

In longitudinal studies with subjects measured repeatedly across time, an important problem is how to select a model generating data by choosing between a linear regression model and a linear latent growth model. Approaches based both on information criteria and asymptotic hypothesis tests of the variances of ''random'' components are widely used but not completely satisfactory. We propose a test statistic based on the trace of the product of an estimate of a variance covariance matrix defined when data come from a linear regression model and a sample variance covariance matrix. We studied the sampling distribution of the test statistic giving a representation in terms of an infinite series of generalized F-distributions. Knowledge about this distribution allows us to make inference within a classical hypothesis testing ramework. The test statistic can be used by itself to discriminate between the two models and/or, if duly modified, it can be used to test randomness on single components. Moreover, in conjunction with some model selection criteria, it gives additional information which can help in choosing the model.
Who's Talking about Scholarly Communication? An Examination of Gender and Behavior on the SCHOLCOMM Listserv
Authors: Hayes Clayton , Kelly Heidi Elaine 
Published: April 2017

INTRODUCTION This study analyzes the gender dynamics of the American Library Association’s SCHOLCOMM listserv in order to determine the accuracy of concerns expressed by participants in early 2016 regarding the dominance of male voices on the listserv. METHODS Utilizing the SCHOLCOMM listserv archive, openly available online, the authors analyzed metadata related to individual messages in order to create a comprehensive list of participants, which was then analyzed to determine gender identity. The authors utilized this information to correlate the frequency of new messages and replies sent to the list with the gender identity of participants. RESULTS While men represented 35% of the SCHOLCOMM list’s participants, they contributed over half of the messages sent to the listserv and two-thirds of those sent as replies on existing message threads. DISCUSSION The opinion of several SCHOLCOMM participants that male voices were overrepresented in listserv discussions proved to be true. The gender identity breakdown of those most active on the list may also influence the perceptions and/or behaviors of other listserv participants, however, and should be investigated further. CONCLUSION While this study substantiates the opinion of several listserv participants that male SCHOLCOMM participants account for a disproportionately large amount of listserv discussion, we argue that the dynamics of the listserv can and should be changed in order to better represent the participant population.
Quantitative assessment of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression in neurons and glia
Authors: Choubey Lisha , Collette Jantzen C. , Smith Karen Müller 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have numerous functions in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). For example, the FGFR1 receptor is important for proliferation and fate specification of radial glial cells in the cortex and hippocampus, oligodendrocyte proliferation and regeneration, midline glia morphology and soma translocation, Bergmann glia morphology, and cerebellar morphogenesis. In addition, FGFR1 signaling in astrocytes is required for postnatal maturation of interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV). FGFR1 is implicated in synapse formation in the hippocampus, and alterations in the expression ofFgfr1and its ligand,Fgf2accompany major depression. Understanding which cell types expressFgfr1during development may elucidate its roles in normal development of the brain as well as illuminate possible causes of certain neuropsychiatric disorders.MethodsHere, we used a BAC transgenic reporter line to traceFgfr1expression in the developing postnatal murine CNS. The specific transgenic line employed was created by the GENSAT project,tgFGFR1-EGFPGP338Gsat, and includes a gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the regulation of theFgfr1promoter, to traceFgfr1expression in the developing CNS. Unbiased stereological counts were performed for several cell types in the cortex and hippocampus.ResultsThis model reveals thatFgfr1is primarily expressed in glial cells, in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, along with some neurons. Dual labeling experiments indicate that the proportion of GFP+ (Fgfr1+) cells that are also GFAP+ increases from postnatal day 7 (P7) to 1 month, illuminating dynamic changes inFgfr1expression during postnatal development of the cortex. In postnatal neurogenic areas, GFP expression was also observed in SOX2, doublecortin (DCX), and brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP) expressing cells.Fgfr1is also highly expressed in DCX positive cells of the dentate gyrus (DG), but not in the rostral migratory stream.Fgfr1driven GFP was also observed in tanycytes and GFAP+ cells of the hypothalamus, as well as in Bergmann glia and astrocytes of the cerebellum.ConclusionsThetgFGFR1-EGFPGP338Gsatmouse model expresses GFP that is congruent with known functions of FGFR1, including hippocampal development, glial cell development, and stem cell proliferation. Understanding which cell types expressFgfr1may elucidate its role in neuropsychiatric disorders and brain development.
Single exponential decay waveform; a synergistic combination of electroporation and electrolysis (E2) for tissue ablation
Authors: Klein Nina , Guenther Enric , Mikus Paul , Stehling Michael K. , Rubinsky Boris 
Published: April 2017

Background
Electrolytic ablation and electroporation based ablation are minimally invasive, non-thermal surgical technologies that employ electrical currents and electric fields to ablate undesirable cells in a volume of tissue. In this study, we explore the attributes of a new tissue ablation technology that simultaneously delivers a synergistic combination of electroporation and electrolysis (E2).

Method
A new device that delivers a controlled dose of electroporation field and electrolysis currents in the form of a single exponential decay waveform (EDW) was applied to the pig liver, and the effect of various parameters on the extent of tissue ablation was examined with histology.

Results
Histological analysis shows that E2 delivered as EDW can produce tissue ablation in volumes of clinical significance, using electrical and temporal parameters which, if used in electroporation or electrolysis separately, cannot ablate the tissue.

Discussion
The E2 combination has advantages over the three basic technologies of non-thermal ablation: electrolytic ablation, electrochemical ablation (reversible electroporation with injection of drugs) and irreversible electroporation. E2 ablates clinically relevant volumes of tissue in a shorter period of time than electrolysis and electroporation, without the need to inject drugs as in reversible electroporation or use paralyzing anesthesia as in irreversible electroporation.
Aceitação e uso da tecnologia para escolha de destinos turísticos por pessoas da terceira idade: um estudo usando a UTAUT2
Authors: Moura Andréia Cássia de , Gosling Marlusa de Sevilha , Christino Juliana Maria Magalhães , Macedo Sâmara Borges 
Published: April 2017

Os idosos têm demonstrado crescente interesse por novas tecnologias e as relacionam com a aprendizagem, inserção social e lazer. Considerando-se o elevado número de mudanças no perfil dos idosos brasileiros e os contextos turístico e tecnológico, esse trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as intenções comportamentais e o uso da internet pela terceira idade com fins de escolhas de destinos turísticos. Para isso, o trabalho estendeu o Modelo UTAUT2 de Venkatesh, Thong e Xu (2012), inserindo novos construtos relacionados à tecnologia: Risco Percebido e Confiança, de Slade et al (2015) e também adicionando a Atitude, fundamentada por Curras-Perez, Ruiz-Mafe e Sanz-Blas (2014). O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório-descritivo. Para tanto, realizou-se um Survey, online e presencial, sendo aplicado por dois meses. Para as análises utilizou-se técnicas estatísticas de análise multivariada, processadas pelo SPSS20 e a análise de modelagem de equações estruturais utilizando-se o SmartPLS. A amostra obtida foi de 211 idosos que usam internet para fins turísticos. Como resultado, têm-se as relações dos construtos Hábito, Motivação Hedônica, Confiança e Expectativa de Desempenho como determinantes da Atitude de uso da Internet para fins turísticos e, acrescentando-se a isso, a relação do construto Hábito afetando positivamente o Comportamento de uso. No que tange à originalidade o trabalho apresentou a Atitude como um conceito novo utilizado para compor o modelo, trazendo algo inédito a este campo de estudos no Brasil. Além disso, apresenta-se como uma inovação à aplicação do modelo UTAUT2 no contexto brasileiro, em um segmento e setor de mercado ainda não explorado neste campo de pesquisa - a terceira idade e o turismo.
Tropical ocean‐atmospheric forcing of Late Glacial and Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Stansell Nathan D. , Licciardi Joseph M. , Rodbell Donald T. , Mark Bryan G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEvaluating the timing and style of past glacier fluctuations in the tropical Andes is important for our scientific understanding of global environmental change. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide ages on moraine boulders combined with14C‐dated clastic sediment records from alpine lakes document glacial variability in the Cordillera Blanca of Peru during the last ~16 ka. Late Glacial ice extents culminated at the start of the Antarctic Cold Reversal and began retracting prior to the Younger Dryas. Multiple moraine crests dating to the early Holocene mark brief readvances or stillstands that punctuated overall retreat of the Queshque Valley glacier terminus during this interval. Glaciers were less extensive during the middle Holocene before readvancing during the latest Holocene. These records suggest that tropical Atlantic and Pacific ocean‐atmospheric processes exerted temporally variable forcing of Late Glacial and Holocene glacial changes in the Peruvian Andes.
Possible sources of hydrothermal activity and mud volcanism in southern Sakhalin inferred from local earthquake seismic tomography
Authors: Koulakov Ivan , Serdyukov Aleksander S. , Konovalov Alexey V. , Mikhailov Valentin I. , Safonov Dmitry A. , Duchkov Anton A. , Al‐Arifi Nassir , El Khrepy Sami 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present the first seismic model of the crust beneath Sakhalin based on P and S‐wave arrival time data from local earthquakes. Based on the results of numerous synthetic tests, we conclude that this model has fair horizontal and vertical resolution to 20–25 km depth. At shallow depths, seismic anomalies are clearly associated with known geological structures, such as the high‐velocity Paleozoic Susunai block and the low‐velocity Cenozoic fold belts along the West Sakhalin Mountains. In vertical sections, we observe westward underthrusting of the Susunai block to a distance of at least 70 km, which may represent the regional compression and considerable crustal shortening in this area. Based on the tomography results, we hypothesize about the origin of the mud volcanism in southern Sakhalin. We propose that because of the general westward underthrusting regime in Sakhalin, hydrocarbon‐rich shelf sediments may be entrained to considerable depths under the rigid Susunai block, which serves as a nonpermeable cover. The released gases find the weakest zones around the Susunai block and along the Tym‐Poronay Fault and escape to the surface to form the South Sakhalin and Lesnovsky mud volcano fields.
Failure of Taylor's hypothesis in the atmospheric surface layer and its correction for eddy‐covariance measurements
Authors: Cheng Yu , Sayde Chadi , Li Qi , Basara Jeffrey , Selker John , Tanner Evan , Gentine Pierre 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTaylors' frozen turbulence hypothesis suggests that all turbulent eddies are advected by the mean streamwise velocity, without changes in their properties. This hypothesis has been widely invoked to compute Reynolds averaging using temporal turbulence data measured at a single point in space. However, in the atmospheric surface layer, the exact relationship between convection velocity and wave number k has not been fully revealed since previous observations were limited by either their spatial resolution or by the sampling length. Using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), acquiring turbulent temperature fluctuations at high temporal and spatial frequencies, we computed convection velocities across wave numbers using a phase spectrum method. We found that convection velocity decreases as k−1/3 at the higher wave numbers of the inertial subrange instead of being independent of wave number as suggested by Taylor's hypothesis. We further corroborated this result using large eddy simulations. Applying Taylor's hypothesis thus systematically underestimates turbulent spectrum in the inertial subrange. A correction is proposed for point‐based eddy‐covariance measurements, which can improve surface energy budget closure and estimates of CO2 fluxes.
Spiral gravity waves radiating from tropical cyclones
Authors: Nolan David S. , Zhang Jun A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInternal gravity waves are continuously generated by deep moist convection around the globe. Satellite images suggest that tropical cyclones produce short‐wavelength, high‐frequency waves that radiate outward, with the wave fronts wrapped into tight spirals by the large differential advection of the sheared tangential flow. This letter presents new in situ observations of such waves from two sources: flight level data from research aircraft that show radial wavelengths of 2–10 km and vertical velocity magnitudes from 0.1 to 1.0 ms−1 and surface observations from a research buoy in the Pacific that indicate the passage of gravity waves overhead as tropical cyclones pass by at distances of 100 to 300 km. Numerical simulations are used to interpret these observations and to understand the broader horizontal and vertical structures of the radiating waves. The simulations suggest a correlation between wave amplitude and cyclone intensity, which could be used to make remote estimates of peak wind speeds.
Immunodeficiency
Authors: Nademi Zohreh , Slatter Mary A 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Immunodeficiency is a condition caused by a defect in the immune system, leading to a failure to protect the body adequately from infection. It should be considered in anybody with a history of recurrent infections, two or more episodes of life‐threatening infections, infections with unusual or opportunistic organisms or with unexpected or severe complications. Immunodeficiency may be either primary or secondary in origin.
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) may present as early as the first 3–4 weeks of life with severe diarrhoea, resulting in failure to thrive, recurrent infections and severe eczema. However, it may also manifest in early childhood or later, depending on the nature of the underlying disease and genetic mutation. It is essential to diagnose PID early, particularly severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), in order to prevent infections and organ damage and offer curative treatment such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or gene transfer (GT).

Key Concepts

Defects in the immune system can put patients at risk of life‐threatening infections.

Primary immunodeficiency consists of a wide range of disorders that affect adaptive or innate immunity.

Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency is essential for successful outcome.

The most common manifestation of immunodeficiency is recurrent respiratory infections.

The most predictive of 10 warning signs for a diagnosis of PID are family history, need for intravenous antibiotics for sepsis and failure to thrive.

Next‐generation sequencing has led to the discovery of novel genetic causes of known and new PIDs.

Outcome of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation has greatly improved.

Gene therapy is successful and increasingly available for a number of disorders.

Secondary immunodeficiency can be caused by infection such as HIV.
Cytoskeleton Dynamics: Actin in Cell Invasion
Authors: Cáceres Rodrigo , Plastino Julie 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Basement membrane (BM) is a dense sheet of specialised extracellular matrix that separates epithelial layers of cells from the underlying tissue. The penetration of cells through BM barriers, called ‘invasion’, is an important process during normal tissue development and in cancer metastasis. To enable invasion, the cell adopts different shapes and creates different protrusive structures powered mainly by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. However, the exact cytoskeletal strategy that the cell uses to cross the physical BM barrier depends on the physiological context and the physical environment, as observed by examining actin structures in invading cancer and immune cells, and in cells that invade during developmental processes such as angiogenesis and anchor cell invasion in
Caenorhabditis elegans
.

Key Concepts

Actin polymerisation and actomyosin contraction can generate cell shape changes such as protrusions.

Different actin‐binding proteins produce protrusions of different architecture and function.

Shape changes and protrusions are necessary for cell invasion across basement membrane barriers.

Cell invasion is observed in pathological and normal developmental contexts.

The actin dynamics strategy employed by an invading cell depends on the environment and the physiological context.