bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest plant community as a driver of soil biodiversity: experimental evidence from collembolan assemblages through large‐scale and long‐term removal of oak canopy treesQuercus petraea
Authors: Henneron Ludovic , Aubert Michaël , Archaux Fréderic , Bureau Fabrice , Dumas Yann , Ningre François , Richter Claudine , Balandier Philippe , Chauvat Matthieu 
Published: August 2016

Plant–soil interactions are increasingly recognized to play a major role in terrestrial ecosystems functioning. However, few studies to date have focused on slow dynamic ecosystems such as forests. As they are vertically stratified by multiple vegetation strata, canopy tree removal by thinning operations could alter forest plant community through tree canopy opening. Very little is known about cascading effects on soil biodiversity.We conducted a large‐scale, multi‐site assessment of collembolan assemblage response to long‐term canopy tree removal in sessile oakQuercus petraeatemperate forests. A total of 33 experimental plots were studied covering a large gradient of canopy tree basal area, stand age and local abiotic contexts.Collembolan abundance strongly declined with canopy tree removal in early forest successional stage and this was mediated by negative effect of understory plant community composition changes, i.e. shift from moss and forb to tree seedling, fern, shrub and grass species. Negative effect of this composition shift on collembolan species richness was largely offset by positive effect of the increase in understory plant species richness. This gives support to both the plant mass‐ratio and functional diversity hypotheses. Collembolan functional groups had contrasting response patterns, which were mediated by different ecological factors. Epedaphic (r‐strategist) abundance and species richness increased with canopy tree removal in relation with the increase in understory plant species richness. In contrast, euedaphic (K‐strategist) abundance and species richness declined with canopy tree removal in early forest successional stage in relation with changes in understory plant community composition and species richness, as well as microclimatic conditions.Overall, our study provides experimental evidence that forest plant community can be a strong driver of collembolan assemblages. It also emphasizes the role of trees as foundation species of forest ecosystems that can shape soil biodiversity through their regulation of understory plant community and ecosystem abiotic conditions.
Multivariable predictors of substantial blood loss in children undergoing craniosynostosis repair: implications for risk stratification
Authors: Meier Petra M. , Zurakowski David , Goobie Susan M. , Proctor Mark R. , Meara John G. , Young Vanessa J. , Rogers Gary F. , DiNardo James A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundOperative treatment of craniosynostosis is associated with substantial blood loss, often requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and coagulation products.AimsThe aim of this prospective study was to analyze thromboelastographic (TEG) parameters and platelet fibrinogen product to determine predictors of substantial blood loss, and the need for PRBC transfusion and coagulation products.MethodsWith IRB approval, we enrolled 120 children undergoing craniosynostosis repair with a standardized anesthetic, fluid management, and TEG measurements at predefined times. Outcomes of interest were intraoperative blood loss, and need for PRBC transfusion and coagulation products. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine independent predictors of substantial blood loss and need for coagulation products.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen children were included in the analysis. Forty‐four required PRBC transfusion (median 26 ml·kg−1; IQR: 22–42) with median blood loss of 56 ml·kg−1 (IQR: 43–83). Factors associated with the PRBC transfusion included type of surgery, duration of surgery, and three TEG parameters, α‐angle, MA, and K‐time (all P < 0.001). A predictive algorithm was developed by subgroup analysis of cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) patients for substantial intraoperative blood loss (defined as ≥60 ml·kg−1) and need for coagulation products with ROC‐derived cut‐off values: platelet fibrinogen product, <343; α‐angle, <62°; MA, <55 mm; K‐time, >2.1 min. The best prognostic combination included at least two of these four predictors (sensitivity 89%, specificity 90%). Multivariable regression identified MA as the only independent predictor of coagulation product administration (P < 0.001) and ROC analysis identified MA <46 mm as the optimal cut‐off (sensitivity 86%, specificity 94%).ConclusionsRisk for substantial intraoperative blood loss can be assessed using TEG parameters and platelet fibrinogen product, whereas the need for coagulation products is strongly related to low MA. Patients susceptible to substantial blood loss can be risk stratified based on their TEG/platelet fibrinogen product profile.
A review of anesthetic techniques and outcomes following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (Nuss procedure)
Authors: Frawley Geoff , Frawley Jacinta , Crameri Joe 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundPectus excavatum (PE) is the most common congenital chest wall deformity, occurring in 1 : 1000 children with a male to female ratio of 4 : 1. Several procedures have been described to manage this deformity, including cartilage resection with sternal osteotomy (the Ravitch procedure) and a minimally invasive repair technique (the Nuss procedure). While initially described as a nonthoracoscopic technique, the current surgical approach of the Royal Childrens Hospital involves thoracoscopic assistance. Postoperative pain is significant in patients undergoing the pectus repair and multiple analgesic regimens have been advocated with continuous thoracic epidural infusions and opioid infusions the most common. Some authors have advocated patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA), paravertebral nerve blocks (PVNB), and wound infusion catheters as alternatives.AimsThe primary aim of this study was to assess our experience with postoperative pain and analgesia requirements associated with the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum in children.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study with a contemporaneous comparison group examining patients treated between January 2005 and December 2015 for minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum by the Nuss procedure.ResultsTwo hundred and seventeen patients [mean age 14.9 (sd 1.9) years] with pectus excavatum treated at the Royal Childrens Hospital between 2005 and 2015 were identified. All patients were managed with thoracic epidural analgesia and intravenous morphine infusions. The epidural was effective in the postanesthesia care unit in 97.3% (failure to place an epidural rate was 4 (1.9%); no block on awakening 0.9%). A further 4 (1.8%) were removed within 24 h. The mean morphine equivalent dose in the first 24 h was 0.8 mg·kg−1·day−1. PCA was continued for a mean of 3.8 days and the total mean morphine equivalent dose was 2.2 mg·kg−1·day−1. Minor complications occurred in 67 (30.9%) with postoperative nausea and vomiting in 36 patients (16.6%) and urinary retention requiring an indwelling catheter in 40 patients (18.4%).ConclusionAn epidural‐based analgesic regime is associated with low pain scores and few acute complications. The continuation of morphine analgesia after the first postoperative day is common but associated with an increased incidence of urinary retention and nausea and vomiting.
The in silico identification and characterization of a bread wheat/Triticum militinae introgression line
Authors: Abrouk Michael , Balcárková Barbora , Šimková Hana , Komínkova Eva , Martis Mihaela M. , Jakobson Irena , Timofejeva Ljudmilla , Rey Elodie , Vrána Jan , Kilian Andrzej , Järve Kadri , Doležel Jaroslav , Valárik Miroslav 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe capacity of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome to tolerate introgression from related genomes can be exploited for wheat improvement. A resistance to powdery mildew expressed by a derivative of the cross‐bread wheat cv. Tähti × T. militinae (Tm) is known to be due to the incorporation of a Tm segment into the long arm of chromosome 4A. Here, a newly developed in silico method termed rearrangement identification and characterization (RICh) has been applied to characterize the introgression. A virtual gene order, assembled using the GenomeZipper approach, was obtained for the native copy of chromosome 4A; it incorporated 570 4A DArTseq markers to produce a zipper comprising 2132 loci. A comparison between the native and introgressed forms of the 4AL chromosome arm showed that the introgressed region is located at the distal part of the arm. The Tm segment, derived from chromosome 7G, harbours 131 homoeologs of the 357 genes present on the corresponding region of Chinese Spring 4AL. The estimated number of Tm genes transferred along with the disease resistance gene was 169. Characterizing the introgression's position, gene content and internal gene order should not only facilitate gene isolation, but may also be informative with respect to chromatin structure and behaviour studies.
Risk factors for morbidities and mortality in children following pneumonectomy
Authors: Giubergia Verónica , Alessandrini Florencia , Barrias Carolina , Giuseppucci Carlos , Reusmann Aixa , Barrenechea Marcelo , Castaños Claudio 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectivePneumonectomy (PNE) is a procedure infrequently performed in children. A high morbidity/mortality rate associated with PNE has been described. Few series have been published in the last 15 years. Risk factors associated with morbidity/mortality after PNE were evaluated. Indications, course, survival and complications of PNE in children were also analized.MethodsIn a case series of 51 children who underwent PNE, death within 30 days of surgery, pneumonia, empyema, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopleural fistula, bleeding, pneumothorax and post‐PNE syndrome were considered major morbidities. Scoliosis, wound infection and atelectasis were considered minor morbidities.ResultsMedian age at PNE was 7.4 years; 45% were males. Indications of pneumonectomy were postinfectious bronchiectasis (61%), tumours (17%), pulmonary malformations (17%), aspiration syndrome (14%), cystic fibrosis (6%), immunodeficiency (4%) and trauma (2%). Mortality rate was 4% at 1 month. Major and minor morbidities were present in 23% and 27% of patients, respectively. Risk factors for development of morbidities after PNE were age ≤ 3 years (OR: 16.7; 95% CI: 2.4–117) and the need for mechanical ventilation for at least 4 days (OR: 8; 95% CI: 1.5–43.6).ConclusionChildren are at high risk of death, major and minor morbidities following PNE. Caution is recommended for this group of patients.
Fiscal Rules and Twin Deficits: The Link between Fiscal and External Balances
Authors: Badinger Harald , Fichet de Clairfontaine Aurélien , Reuter Wolf Heinrich 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between countries' fiscal balances and current accounts with an emphasis on the role of fiscal rules. The direct effect of fiscal policy on the current account via aggregate (import) demand is potentially amplified by indirect effects, materialising through interest rate effects and intergenerational transfers that reduce savings. On the other hand, the implied positive relation between fiscal and external balances is potentially attenuated by offsetting changes in savings through Ricardian equivalence considerations. We expect this attenuation effect to be stronger in countries with more stringent fiscal rules and test this hypothesis using a panel of 73 countries over the period 1985–2012. As with previous studies, we find a positive effect of fiscal balances on the current account, supporting the twin deficit hypothesis. However, the effect of fiscal balances on the current account depends on the stringency of fiscal (budget balance or debt) rules in place; it is reduced by one‐third on average and virtually eliminated for countries with the most stringent fiscal rules.
THE ATOMIC PRIESTHOOD AND NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT: RELIGION, SCI‐FI LITERATURE, AND THE END OF OUR CIVILIZATION
Authors: Musch Sebastian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the idea of an “Atomic Priesthood,” a religious caste that would preserve and transmit the knowledge of nuclear waste management for future generations. In 1981, the US Department of Energy commissioned a “Human Interference Task Force” (HITF) that would examine the possibilities of how to maintain the security of nuclear waste storage sites for 10,000 years, a period during which our civilization would likely perish, but the dangerous nature of nuclear waste would persist. One option that was discussed was the establishment of an “atomic priesthood,” an idea that science fiction writers like Isaac Asimov and Arsen Darney had already toyed with. Reading the HITF report alongside sci‐fi novels, my article will shed light on the question of how the sheer force of nuclear power (and the longevity of nuclear waste) lends itself to religious interpretations and how the idea of the atomic priesthood is connected with the utopian/dystopian aspects of nuclear power.
THE FAULT IN US: ETHICS, INFINITY, AND CELESTIAL BODIES
Authors: Schaefer Donovan O. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCatherine Keller's Cloud of the Impossible knits together process theology and relational ontology with quantum mechanics. In quantum physics, she finds a new resource for undoing the architecture of classical metaphysics and its location of autonomous human subjects as the primary gears of ethical agency. Keller swarms theology with the quantum perspective, focusing in particular on the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, by which quantum particles are found to remain influential over each other long after they have been physically separated—what Albert Einstein and his collaborators recklessly dismissed as “spooky action at a distance.” This spooky action, Keller suggests, reroutes process thought—classically concerned with flux—to a new concern with intransigence—particularly the intransigence of the ethical relationship. Attending to the ethical urgency of the Other, she leaves process theology in a position of susceptibility to the moral imperative posed by the marginalized, the victimized, and the oppressed. This essay argues that although the ontological work of Keller's book productively integrates quantum physics into process theology, the ethical dimension of relationality is left cold in the quantum field. This is because, contra the ethical framework of contemporary deconstruction, which, following Emmanuel Levinas, sees ethical relationships as emerging out of a dynamic of infinite distance, moral connection has nothing to do with the remote reaches of the quantum scale or the macro‐scale limits of space—nothing to do with “infinity” at all. Ethics emerges out of a much messier landscape—the evolved dynamic of fleshy, finite, material bodies. Rather than seeing ethical labor as a matter of physics, my contention (and here I think I am arguing with, rather than against Keller) is that interdisciplinary undertakings like Cloud of the Impossible are ethical disciplinary practices, re‐acquainting us with the non‐sovereignty of the self in order to open up new habits of relating rather than spotlighting ethical imperatives.
Carotid sinus denervation ameliorates renovascular hypertension in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Pijacka Wioletta , McBryde Fiona D. , Marvar Paul J. , Lincevicius Gisele S. , Abdala Ana P. L. , Woodward Lavinia , Li Dan , Paterson David J. , Paton Julian F. R. 
Published: August 2016

Key points
Peripheral chemoreflex sensitization is a feature of renovascular hypertension.
Carotid sinus nerve denervation (CSD) has recently been shown to relieve hypertension and reduce sympathetic activity in other rat models of hypertension.
We show that CSD in renovascular hypertension halts further increases in blood pressure.
Possible mechanisms include improvements in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and renal function, restoration of cardiac calcium signalling towards control levels, and reduced neural inflammation.
Our data suggest that the peripheral chemoreflex may be a viable therapeutic target for renovascular hypertension.
AbstractThe peripheral chemoreflex is known to be hyper‐responsive in both spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Goldblatt hypertensive (two kidney one clip; 2K1C) rats. We have previously shown that carotid sinus nerve denervation (CSD) reduces arterial blood pressure (ABP) in SHR. In the present study, we show that CSD ameliorates 2K1C hypertension and reveal the potential underlying mechanisms. Adult Wistar rats were instrumented to record ABP via telemetry, and then underwent CSD (n = 9) or sham CSD (n = 9) 5 weeks after renal artery clipping, in comparison with normal Wistar rats (n = 5). After 21 days, renal function was assessed, and tissue was collected to assess sympathetic postganglionic intracellular calcium transients ([Ca2+]i) and immune cell infiltrates. Hypertensive 2K1C rats showed a profound elevation in ABP (Wistar: 98 ± 4 mmHg vs. 2K1C: 147 ± 8 mmHg; P < 0.001), coupled with impairments in renal function and baroreflex sensitivity, increased neuroinflammatory markers and enhanced [Ca2+]I in stellate neurons (P < 0.05). CSD reduced ABP in 2K1C+CSD rats and prevented the further progressive increase in ABP seen in 2K1C+sham CSD rats, with a between‐group difference of 14 ± 2 mmHg by week 3 (P < 0.01), which was accompanied by improvements in both baroreflex control and spectral indicators of cardiac sympatho‐vagal balance. Furthermore, CSD improved protein and albuminuria, decreased [Ca2+]i evoked responses from stellate neurons, and also reduced indicators of brainstem inflammation. In summary, CSD in 2K1C rats reduces the hypertensive burden and improves renal function. This may be mediated by improvements in autonomic balance, functional remodelling of post‐ganglionic neurons and reduced inflammation. Our results suggest that the peripheral chemoreflex may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for controlling renovascular hypertension.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Family Members Interact with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Hazara Virus Nucleocapsid Proteins and Perform a Functional Role in the Nairovirus Replication Cycle
Authors: Surtees Rebecca , Dowall Stuart D. , Shaw Amelia , Armstrong Stuart , Hewson Roger , Carroll Miles W. , Mankouri Jamel , Edwards Thomas A. , Hiscox Julian A. , Barr John N. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

The
Nairovirus
genus of the
Bunyaviridae
family contains serious human and animal pathogens classified within multiple serogroups and species. Of these serogroups, the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) serogroup comprises sole members CCHFV and Hazara virus (HAZV). CCHFV is an emerging zoonotic virus that causes often-fatal hemorrhagic fever in infected humans for which preventative or therapeutic strategies are not available. In contrast, HAZV is nonpathogenic to humans and thus represents an excellent model to study aspects of CCHFV biology under conditions of more-accessible biological containment. The three RNA segments that form the nairovirus genome are encapsidated by the viral nucleocapsid protein (N) to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that are substrates for RNA synthesis and packaging into virus particles. We used quantitative proteomics to identify cellular interaction partners of CCHFV N and identified robust interactions with cellular chaperones. These interactions were validated using immunological methods, and the specific interaction between native CCHFV N and cellular chaperones of the HSP70 family was confirmed during live CCHFV infection. Using infectious HAZV, we showed for the first time that the nairovirus N-HSP70 association was maintained within both infected cells and virus particles, where N is assembled as RNPs. Reduction of active HSP70 levels in cells by the use of small-molecule inhibitors significantly reduced HAZV titers, and a model for chaperone function in the context of high genetic variability is proposed. These results suggest that chaperones of the HSP70 family are required for nairovirus replication and thus represent a genetically stable cellular therapeutic target for preventing nairovirus-mediated disease.

IMPORTANCE
Nairoviruses compose a group of human and animal viruses that are transmitted by ticks and associated with serious or fatal disease. One member is Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is responsible for fatal human disease and is recognized as an emerging threat within Europe in response to climate change. No preventative or therapeutic strategies against nairovirus-mediated disease are currently available. Here we show that the N protein of CCHFV and the related Hazara virus interact with a cellular protein, HSP70, during both the intracellular and extracellular stages of the virus life cycle. The use of inhibitors that block HSP70 function reduces virus titers by up to 1,000-fold, suggesting that this interaction is important within the context of the nairovirus life cycle and may represent a potent target for antinairovirus therapies against which the virus cannot easily develop resistance.
B Virus (Macacine Herpesvirus 1) Divergence: Variations in Glycoprotein D from Clinical and Laboratory Isolates Diversify Virus Entry Strategies
Authors: Patrusheva Irina , Perelygina Ludmila , Torshin Ivan , LeCher Julia , Hilliard Julia 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

B virus (
Macacine herpesvirus 1
) can cause deadly zoonotic disease in humans. Molecular mechanisms of B virus cell entry are poorly understood for both macaques and humans. Here we investigated the abilities of clinical B virus isolates to use entry receptors of herpes simplex viruses (HSV). We showed that resistant B78H1 cells became susceptible to B virus clinical strains upon expression of either human nectin-2 or nectin-1. Antibody against glycoprotein D (gD) protected these nectin-bearing cells from B virus infection, and a gD-negative recombinant B virus failed to enter these cells, indicating that the nectin-mediated B virus entry depends on gD. We observed that the infectivity of B virus isolates with a single amino acid substitution (D122N) in the IgV-core of the gD ectodomain was impaired on nectin-1-bearing cells. Computational homology-based modeling of the B virus gD–nectin-1 complex revealed conformational differences between the structures of the gD-122N and gD-122D variants that affected the gD–nectin-1 protein-protein interface and binding affinity. Unlike HSV, B virus clinical strains were unable to use herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) as a receptor, regardless of conservation of the gD amino acid residues essential for HSV-1 entry via HVEM. Based on the model of the B virus gD-HVEM interface, we predict that residues R7, R11, and G15 are largely responsible for the inability of B virus to utilize HVEM for entry. The ability of B virus to enter cells of a human host by using a combination of receptors distinct from those for HSV-1 or HSV-2 suggests a possible mechanism of enhanced neuropathogenicity associated with zoonotic infections.

IMPORTANCE
B virus causes brainstem destruction in infected humans in the absence of timely diagnosis and intervention. Nectins are cell adhesion molecules that are widely expressed in human tissues, including neurons and neuronal synapses. Here we report that human nectin-2 is a target receptor for B virus entry, in addition to the reported receptor human nectin-1. Similar to a B virus lab strain, B virus clinical strains can effectively use both nectin-1 and nectin-2 as cellular receptors for entry into human cells, but unlike HSV-1 and HSV-2, none of the clinical strains uses an HVEM-mediated entry pathway. Ultimately, these differences between B virus and HSV-1 and -2 may provide insight into the neuropathogenicity of B virus during zoonotic infections.