bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Research Agenda to Optimize Diagnostic Imaging in the Emergency Department: An Executive Summary of the 2015 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference
Authors: Marin Jennifer R. , Mills Angela M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe 2015 Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM) consensus conference, “Diagnostic Imaging in the Emergency Department: A Research Agenda to Optimize Utilization,” was held on May 12, 2015, with the goal of developing a high‐priority research agenda on which to base future research. The specific aims of the conference were to: 1) understand the current state of evidence regarding emergency department (ED) diagnostic imaging utilization and identify key opportunities, limitations, and gaps in knowledge; 2) develop a consensus‐driven research agenda emphasizing priorities and opportunities for research in ED diagnostic imaging; and 3) explore specific funding mechanisms available to facilitate research in ED diagnostic imaging. Over a 2‐year period, the executive committee and other experts in the field convened regularly to identify specific areas in need of future research. Six content areas within emergency diagnostic imaging were identified prior to the conference and served as the breakout groups on which consensus was achieved: clinical decision rules; use of administrative data; patient‐centered outcomes research; training, education, and competency; knowledge translation and barriers to imaging optimization; and comparative effectiveness research in alternatives to traditional computed tomography use. The executive committee invited key stakeholders to assist with planning and to participate in the consensus conference to generate a multidisciplinary agenda. There were 164 individuals involved in the conference spanning various specialties, including emergency medicine (EM), radiology, surgery, medical physics, and the decision sciences. This issue of AEM is dedicated to the proceedings of the 16th annual AEM consensus conference as well as original research related to emergency diagnostic imaging.
After the Ban: The Moral Economy of Property
Authors: Langegger Sig 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis essay can be read as both a tragedy of neoliberal governance and a paean to the resilience and creativity of humanity. Reporting an ethnographic assessment of the impacts of Denver's recent camping ban on homeless communities, I build on John Searle's constructivist social theory to argue not only that undomiciled people construct homes, but also that they exercise rights to property. Part of a social order, people living on the streets find creative ways to sheathe themselves in home spaces. By depriving them not only of the stability of their homes but also of the social power afforded by property, this ban dismantles heterodox orders, which then decay from anarchy. Nevertheless, accounts provided by homeless individuals themselves demonstrate that primitive property, though always fragile, can withstand emphatic disruption: this continued resilience is seen in the webs of mutual reciprocity previously and subsequently woven beneath, between, and behind state apparatuses.
A 10‐Year Plan for quality living for people with disabilities and their carers
Authors: Craig Jocelyn E. , Cartwright Collen 
Published: November 2015

Accessible summary

Planning allows people with disabilities and their carers to take steps to achieve their dreams and helps to ensure their security for the future.

People with disabilities want to enjoy the same experiences that most other people enjoy, such as relationships, going to the movies with friends, having a job and going on holidays.

AbstractBackground: The concerns of older carers of an adult with disabilities have been well documented. The sudden incapacity or death of the carer can result in a crisis response rather than a planned transition to a chosen sustainable alternative care arrangement for the person with disability. Building on previous ‘Futures Planning’ projects, the aim of this project was to enrich the lives of people with disabilities and their carers whilst ensuring that their wishes for the future are documented to provide security.Materials and Methods: This article reports on information sessions and workshops that were held for people with disabilities, their carers and staff, and the training sessions for staff for this project.Results: The sessions underlined the fact that people with disabilities want to enjoy the same experiences that most other people enjoy. Drawing on the ideas and suggestions from participants, the ‘Futures Planning’ documents were modified to meet the aims of the Quality Living project, making them suitable for planning for quality living for the carer and the person with a disability for the next 10 years.Conclusions: Findings supported the concept that planning allows people with disabilities and their carers to take steps to achieve their dreams.
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, bone metabolism and occult atrial fibrillation in older women with mild endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism
Authors: Rosario Pedro Weslley , Carvalho Marina , Calsolari Maria Regina 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, bone turnover, bone mineral density (BMD) and occult atrial fibrillation (AF) in women ≥65 years with mild endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH).DesignCross‐sectional and case–control study.PatientsSigns and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, serum carboxyterminal telopeptide (CTx) and procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (PINP), BMD, resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and 72‐h ECG monitoring were evaluated in 180 women ≥65 years, including 90 with mild SCH (TSH between 0·1 and 0·4 mIU/l) and 90 euthyroid controls matched for age and body mass index.ResultsSymptom Rating Scale scores did not differ between patients and controls. None of the patients with SCH scored 20 points, a score compatible with clinical thyrotoxicosis. Eighty patients with SCH (89%) obtained seven or fewer points, a score compatible with euthyroidism. No difference in serum CTx or PINP concentrations was observed between patients and controls. There was also no correlation between these markers and TSH, free T4 or total T3 levels. Finally, no difference in femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD was observed between patients with SCH and controls. Three patients with SCH (3·3%) and two euthyroid women (2·2%) had known AF or AF in the resting ECG. ECG monitoring for 72 h revealed episodes of occult AF in 1/87 patients with SCH and in 1/88 euthyroid women (1·1%).ConclusionsMild endogenous SCH (TSH between 0·1 and 0·4 mIU/l) was not associated with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, altered bone metabolism or a higher prevalence of occult AF in women ≥65 years.
Feasibility of optical coherence tomography for the evaluation of Barrett's mucosa buried underneath esophageal squamous epithelium
Authors: Hatta Waku , Uno Kaname , Koike Tomoyuki , Ara Nobuyuki , Asano Naoki , Iijima Katsunori , Imatani Akira , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: November 2015

Background and AimEvaluation of Barrett's glands buried underneath esophageal squamous epithelium becomes increasingly important in order to achieve curative treatment. However, clinically available endoscopes have critical limitations in depicting subsurface structure, resulting in non‐curative treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can achieve a high‐resolution cross‐sectional image, equivalent to an optical biopsy. We aimed to assess the feasibility of in vivo use of probe‐type OCT imaging to evaluate Barrett's mucosa buried underneath esophageal squamous epithelium.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2014 we conducted a single‐center prospective study with 14 consecutive patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma. Enrolled patients were examined by a probe‐type OCT in vivo, followed by en‐bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with electric marking. Then, one‐to‐one correlations between the OCT images of the buried mucosa and their histological assessment were examined.ResultsOverall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the buried mucosa in the OCT imaging were 85.7% (12/14), 77.8% (7/9), 100% (5/5), 100% (7/7), and 71.4% (5/7), respectively. However, OCT could not easily distinguish non‐dysplastic glands from dysplastic glands. Additionally, the linear distance from the histological squamocolumnar junction in correct cases tended to be longer than that in incorrect cases (mm, median [range]: 2.0 [0.7–7.5] vs 0.5 [0.5–0.5]).ConclusionWe demonstrated, for the first time, that preoperative OCT imaging might be feasible for detecting oral‐side extension of buried Barrett's mucosa in order to remove the entire area with malignant potential by ESD.
Effect of soil acidification on n‐hexane extractable PAH fractions
Authors: Mahanty B. , Kim C.‐G. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis study was designed to assess the effect of soil acidification on the extractability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) distributed across various soil organic matter fractions. Phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene (each at 3.2 mg kg−1 soil) were applied to a natural soil and to an artificially acidified soil, and the samples were incubated for 10 days. Several solvents were tested for the recovery of PAHs from soil, and n‐hexane was the best for extraction efficiency. Soil was treated with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPCD), pyrophosphate or pyrophosphate‐HPCD in sequence followed by the recovery of residual PAHs in n‐hexane. Recovery of PAHs by a single‐step non‐exhaustive n‐hexane extraction from acidified soil was significantly less than that from the original non‐acidified soil (P = 0.023). Based on the sequential extraction, the pool of n‐hexane extractable PAHs was classified operationally into four fractions: one portion that is shared with HPCD (HS), one shared with pyrophosphate (PS) and one with both HPCD and pyrophosphate (HPS), and one that is not shared (US). The sum of PAHs recovered from acidified soil was significantly less than that for non‐acidified soil when compared for PS fractions (5.37 and 14.42%, respectively, with P = 0.003) or US fractions (47.76 and 54.00%, respectively, P < 0.001). In contrast, soil acidification increased the sum of PAHs recovered in HS (from 4.29% (non‐acidic) to 5.39% (acidified), P = 0.014) and HPS fractions (from 23.8% (non‐acidic) to 30% (acidified), P < 0.001). The results suggest that soil acidification reduces the pool of PAHs that is accessible exclusively by organic solvents, but increases the fraction that can be extracted with HPCD or pyrophosphate or both. Spectroscopic analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible analysis) of isolated humic substances reveals their greater aromaticity when extracted from acidified soil, which might explain the larger proportion of surface‐adsorbed PAHs in soil organic matter that can be dissolved by an aqueous extractant.
Comparison of metaheuristics for thek‐labeled spanning forest problem
Authors: Consoli Sergio , Moreno Pérez José Andrés , Mladenović Nenad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we study thek‐labeled spanning forest (kLSF) problem in which an undirected graph whose edges are labeled and an integer‐positive valueare given; the aim is to find a spanning forest of the input graph with the minimum number of connected components and the upper boundon the number of labels. The problem is related to the minimum labeling spanning tree problem and has several applications in the real world. In this paper, we compare several metaheuristics to solve this NP‐hard problem. In particular, the proposed intelligent variable neighborhood search (VNS) shows excellent performance, obtaining high‐quality solutions in short computational running time. This approach integrates VNS with other complementary approaches from machine learning, statistics, and experimental algorithmics, in order to produce high‐quality performance and completely automate the resulting optimization strategy.
What Determines Managers' Perceptions of Cash Flow Forecasting Quality? Evidence From a Multinational Corporation
Authors: Glaum Martin , Schmidt Peter , Schnürer Kati 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article, we develop and test a model of the determinants of managers' perceptions of cash flow forecasting quality in nonfinancial companies. We expect and find that managers' perceptions of the quality of cash flow forecasts are determined by the perceived quality of the input data, the effort invested in forecasting, and the efficiency of the related processes, and ultimately by a company's orientation toward financial goals. Our empirical analysis is based on data from a worldwide questionnaire survey at a multinational industrial company. While we find that managers assess forecasting effort lower and forecasting efficiency higher for direct cash flow forecasting than for indirect method forecasting, our analyses reveal that the variables in our model, the postulated relationships between them, and the estimated effect sizes are equally valid for both forecasting methods.
A novel method for identifying the order of interference using phase‐shifting digital holography
Authors: SOKKAR T.Z.N. , EL‐FARAHATY K.A. , RAMADAN W.A. , WAHBA H.H. , RASLAN M.I. , HAMZA A.A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we introduced a mathematical method for measuring the optical path length differences (OPDs), which is suitable for large OPD values where the fringes connections are difficult to detect. The proposed method is based on varying the width of the fringes, without changing the wavelength of the used coherent source. Also, in this work, we discussed the need for such method in off‐axis phase‐shifting digital holography. Low‐resolution off‐axis holograms failed to detect the correct interference order. In general, off‐axis phase‐shifting digital holography is limited by the resolution of the captured holograms. The results obtained using our proposed technique were compared to the results obtained using off‐axis phase‐shifting digital holograms and conventional two‐beam interferometry. Holograms were given for illustration.
Three‐Year Outcome of Fixed Partial Rehabilitations Supported by Implants Inserted with Flap or Flapless Surgical Techniques
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Lopes Armando 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the 3‐year outcome of fixed partial prostheses supported by implants with immediate provisionalization without occlusal contacts inserted in predominantly soft bone with flap and flapless protocols.Materials and MethodsForty‐one patients partially rehabilitated with 72 NobelSpeedy implants (51 maxillary; 21 mandibular) were consecutively included and treated with a flapless surgical protocol (n = 20 patients; 32 implants) and flapped surgical protocol (n = 21 patients; 40 implants). Primary outcome measure was implant survival; secondary outcome measures were marginal bone resorption (comparing the bone levels at 1 and 3 years with baseline) and the incidence of biological, mechanical, and esthetic complications. Survival was computed through life tables; descriptive statistics were applied to the remaining variables of interest.ResultsEight patients with eight implants dropped out of the study. One implant failed in one patient (flapless group) giving an overall cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 98.6%. No failures were noted with the flapped protocol (CSR 100%), while for the implants placed with the flapless surgical technique, a 96.9% CSR was registered. The overall average marginal bone resorption at 3 years was 1.37 mm (SD = 0.94 mm), with 1.14 mm (SD = 0.49 mm) and 1.60 mm (SD = 1.22 mm) for the flap and flapless groups, respectively. Mechanical complications occurred in nine patients (n = 5 patients in the flapless group; n = 4 patients in the flap group). Implant infection was registered in three implants and three patients (flapless group), who exhibited inadequate oral hygiene levels.ConclusionsPartial edentulism rehabilitation through immediate provisionalization fixed prosthesis supported by dental implants inserted through flap or flapless surgical techniques in areas of predominantly soft bone was viable at 3 years of follow‐up. The limitations and risks of the “free‐hand” method in flapless surgery should be considered when planning implant‐supported fixed prosthetic reconstructions.
Organizing for Inbound Open Innovation: How External Consultants and a Dedicated R&D Unit Influence Product Innovation Performance
Authors: Bianchi Mattia , Croce Annalisa , Dell'Era Claudio , Di Benedetto C. Anthony , Frattini Federico 
Published: November 2015

Firms increasingly acquire technological knowledge from external sources to improve their innovation performance. This strategic approach is known as inbound open innovation. The existing empirical evidence regarding the impact of inbound open innovation on performance, however, is ambiguous. The equivocal results are due to moderating factors that influence a firm's ability to acquire technological knowledge from external sources and to transform it into innovation outputs. This paper focuses on a relevant yet overlooked category of moderating factors: organization of research and development (R&D). It explores two organizational mechanisms: one informal and external‐oriented (involvement of external consultants in R&D activities) and one formalized and internal‐oriented (existence of a dedicated R&D unit), in the acquisition of technological knowledge through R&D outsourcing, a particular contractual form for inbound open innovation.Drawing on a capabilities perspective and using a longitudinal dataset of 841 Spanish manufacturing firms observed over the period 1999–2007, this paper provides a fine‐grained analysis of the moderating effects of the two organizational mechanisms. The involvement of external consultants in R&D activities strengthens the impact of inbound open innovation on innovation performance by increasing marginal benefits of acquiring external technological knowledge through R&D outsourcing. Moreover, it reduces the level of inbound open innovation to which the highest innovation performance corresponds. Instead, the existence of a dedicated R&D unit makes the firm less sensitive to changes in the level of inbound open innovation, by reducing marginal benefits of acquiring external technological knowledge through R&D outsourcing, and increases the level of inbound open innovation to which the highest innovation performance corresponds.The results regarding the role of informal and formalized R&D organizational mechanisms contribute to research on open innovation and absorptive capacity, and also inform managers as to what organizational mechanism is recommended to acquire external technological knowledge, depending on the objectives that the firm pursues.
Recovery and identification of Pseudo‐nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) frustules from natural samples acquired using the environmental sample processor
Authors: Bowers Holly A. , Marin Roman , Birch James M. , Scholin Christopher A. , Doucette Gregory J. 
Published: November 2015

Many species within the diatom genus Pseudo‐nitzschia are difficult to distinguish without applying molecular analytical or microscopy‐based methods. DNA, antibody and lectin probes have previously been used to provide rapid and specific detection of species and strains in complex field assemblages. Recently, however, well‐documented cryptic genetic diversity within the group has confounded results of DNA probe tests in particular. Moreover, the number of species descriptions within the genus continues to increase, as do insights into toxin production by both new and previously described species. Therefore, a combination of classical morphological techniques and modern molecular methodologies is needed to resolve ecophysiological traits of Pseudo‐nitzschia species. Here, we present an approach to recover and identify frustules from sample collection filters used for toxin analysis onboard the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), an in situ sample collection and analytical platform. This approach provides a new and powerful tool for correlating species presence with toxin detected remotely and in situ by the ESP, and has the potential to be applied broadly to other sampling configurations. This new technique will contribute to a better understanding of naturally occurring Pseudo‐nitzschia community structure with respect to observed domoic acid outbreaks.
Decades of population genetic research reveal the need for harmonization of molecular markers: the grey wolf Canis lupus as a case study
Authors: de Groot G. Arjen , Nowak Carsten , Skrbinšek Tomaž , Andersen Liselotte W. , Aspi Jouni , Fumagalli Luca , Godinho Raquel , Harms Verena , Jansman Hugh A.H. , Liberg Olof , Marucco Francesca , Mysłajek Robert W. , Nowak Sabina , Pilot Małgorzata , Randi Ettore , Reinhardt Ilka , Śmietana Wojciech , Szewczyk Maciej , Taberlet Pierre , Vilà Carles , Muñoz‐Fuentes Violeta 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Following protection measures implemented since the 1970s, large carnivores are currently increasing in number and returning to areas from which they were absent for decades or even centuries. Monitoring programmes for these species rely extensively on non‐invasive sampling and genotyping. However, attempts to connect results of such studies at larger spatial or temporal scales often suffer from the incompatibility of genetic markers implemented by researchers in different laboratories. This is particularly critical for long‐distance dispersers, revealing the need for harmonized monitoring schemes that would enable the understanding of gene flow and dispersal dynamics.
Based on a review of genetic studies on grey wolves Canis lupus from Europe, we provide an overview of the genetic markers currently in use, and identify opportunities and hurdles for studies based on continent‐scale datasets.
Our results highlight an urgent need for harmonization of methods to enable transnational research based on data that have already been collected, and to allow these data to be linked to material collected in the future. We suggest timely standardization of newly developed genotyping approaches, and propose that action is directed towards the establishment of shared single nucleotide polymorphism panels, next‐generation sequencing of microsatellites, a common reference sample collection and an online database for data exchange.
Enhanced cooperation among genetic researchers dealing with large carnivores in consortia would facilitate streamlining of methods, their faster and wider adoption, and production of results at the large spatial scales that ultimately matter for the conservation of these charismatic species.
Rethinking paradigms for studying mechanisms of action of plant bioactives
Authors: Kay C. D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany foods in our diets such as berries, tea, chocolate and wine contain flavonoids, which are natural components of plants. A substantial body of evidence supports the role of flavonoids in providing protection against cardio‐metabolic diseases and disorders. Despite the nearly exponential growth in flavonoid research in the past 20 years, limited progress has been made in understanding how these dietary components work. Research initially focused on their antioxidant activity without taking into account their metabolism, which now appears extensive. This has provided a new research impetus to understand the biological activity of the flavonoid metabolites. Here, we outline recent research, which suggests a highly complex interplay between metabolism, intestinal microflora, the immune system and various tissues of our body.