bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for measurement of luminescence spectra and quantum yields of inorganic and organometallic compounds in solution and solid state (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Ishida Hitoshi , Bünzli Jean-Claude , Beeby Andrew 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Guidelines for measuring the luminescence of inorganic compounds, metal complexes, and organometallic compounds are described. Common textbooks and manuals describing luminescence measurements are usually targeted for organic compounds, and are not always suitable for inorganic and organometallic compounds, which emit room-temperature phosphorescence. The report describes problems that researchers may confront while recording emission data and elaborates clear procedures to avoid these problems and provide adequate standardized protocols.
Exploiting structural and conformational effects for a site-selective lithiation of azetidines
Authors: Parisi Giovanna , Zenzola Marina , Capitanelli Emanuela , Carlucci Claudia , Romanazzi Giuseppe , Pisano Luisa , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Interest in molecular structures bearing four-membered heterocycles (FMHs) is growing due to the possibility to explore new regions of the chemical space and get new lead molecules. Our interest in the development of divergent synthesis of functionalized FMHs, prompted us to disclose factors affecting the reactivity of nitrogen-bearing FMHs towards metalating agents. Our investigations demonstrated that structural factors and conformational preferences need to be considered in planning a site-selective functionalization of azetidines. It will be showed how such factors could have pivotal importance in the reactivity of FMHs.
Accounting for isotopic clustering in Fourier transform mass spectrometry data analysis for clinical diagnostic studies
Authors: Kakourou Alexia , Vach Werner , Nicolardi Simone , van der Burgt Yuri , Mertens Bart 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Mass spectrometry based clinical proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool for high-throughput protein profiling and biomarker discovery. Recent improvements in mass spectrometry technology have boosted the potential of proteomic studies in biomedical research. However, the complexity of the proteomic expression introduces new statistical challenges in summarizing and analyzing the acquired data. Statistical methods for optimally processing proteomic data are currently a growing field of research. In this paper we present simple, yet appropriate methods to preprocess, summarize and analyze high-throughput MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry data, collected in a case-control fashion, while dealing with the statistical challenges that accompany such data. The known statistical properties of the isotopic distribution of the peptide molecules are used to preprocess the spectra and translate the proteomic expression into a condensed data set. Information on either the intensity level or the shape of the identified isotopic clusters is used to derive summary measures on which diagnostic rules for disease status allocation will be based. Results indicate that both the shape of the identified isotopic clusters and the overall intensity level carry information on the class outcome and can be used to predict the presence or absence of the disease.
Probleme der Kopplung von Nur-Operationen. Kopplung, Verwerfung, Verdünung
Authors: Clam Jean 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel untersucht das Konzept der strukturellen Kopplung aus einer doppelten Perspektive: zum einen aus einer philosophischen Sicht, in der das Konzept sich einem postontologischen Denkrahmen einfügt, der durch ein operativistisches beziehungsweise kognitivistisches Verständnis des Seins als Folge von Operationen der Unterscheidung, die in ihren eigenen Raum der Unterscheidung wiedereintreten und Formen der Koaleszenz bilden, die man Systeme nennen kann, gekennzeichnet ist; und zum anderen aus einer systemischen Sicht, die auf die interne Konsistenz des Konzepts der strukturellen Kopplung in Begriffen einer radikalisierten Version der Theorie Luhmanns zielt. Beide Sichtweisen verweisen auf ein Kontinuum von Unterscheidungsoperationen, die in einer Weltzeit stattfinden, in der zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt alle Operationen gleichzeitig stattfinden. Offenbar gibt es kein überzeugendes Kriterium, das es erlauben würde, zwischen der Kopplung der Systeme und den Systemen selbst zu unterscheiden.
Strukturelle Kopplung mit unsichtbaren Maschinen
Authors: Esposito Elena 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Können wir uns Computer tatsächlich als eine Alternative zur strukturellen Kopplung zwischen Bewußtsein und Kommunikation vorstellen? Dies würde bedeuten, daß Kommunikation durch das, was Niklas Luhmann „unsichtbare Maschinen" nennt, irritiert werden könnte, und würde die Notwendigkeit einer Revision grundlegender Konzepte der Theorie nach sich ziehen, wie etwa der Autopoiesis, der doppelten Kontingenz und nicht zuletzt der Kommunikation. Der Artikel untersucht diese Fragen und schlägt vor, Interaktion mit Computern als eine Form der Selbstirritation der Gesellschaft unter Bedingungen hoher Komplexität zu verstehen. Dies hätte die Konsequenz, von einer neuen Form der Intransparenz der Gesellschaft insgesamt sprechen zu können.
Kapital als strukturelle Kopplung
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff des Kapitals beschreibt ein Kalkül wirtschaftlicher und unternehmerischer Beobachtungen und Bemessungen von Handlungen im sachlich, zeitlich und sozial bestimmten Blick auf andere Handlungen. Der Beitrag nutzt das Konzept der strukturellen Kopplung, um diese Eigenschaft des Kapitals zu beschreiben, denn die Beobachtung und Bemessung von Handlungen findet typischerweise sowohl im Hinblick auf die Selbstreferenz wie die Fremdreferenz der Handlung statt, übergreift also die System/Umwelt-Differenz. Der Beitrag diskutiert zunächst den aus der allgemeinen Systemtheorie stammenden Begriff der strukturellen Kopplung und orientiert sich dann an verschiedenen soziologischen Versionen, die Niklas Luhmann für diesen Begriff entwickelt hat. Das Kapital erscheint als eine strukturelle Kopplung von Wirtschaft und Unternehmen, die beide, und beide in ihrer Systemdifferenz, an die gesellschaftliche, psychische und natürliche Umwelt von Wirtschaft und Unternehmen koppelt.
Von Jaunern und Vaganten - Das Inklusions/Exkiusions-Schema der Α-Sozialität unter frühneuzeitlichen Bedingungen und im Dritten Reich
Authors: Fuchs Peter 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Das Schema Inklusion/Exklusion bezeichnet einen bedeutenden Aspekt der Kommunikationstheorie, insbesondere die Konstruktion der sogenannten sozialen Adressse, einer sozialen Struktur, die (wie etwa Rollen oder Personen) definiert, in welcher Form oder inwieweit bewußte Systeme als Umwelt sozialer Systeme sozial repräsentiert werden. Die Hauptthese ist, daß die Differenz Inklusion/Exklusion als ein historisches Schema sich unter dem Druck der Evolution verändert, insbesondere im Kontext des Übergangs von der stratifizierten zur funktional differenzierten Ordnung der (europäischen) Gesellschaft. Diese Idee wird geprüft anhand von Mordbrennerakten bzw. Jauner- und Diebslisten vom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert. Das zentrale Ergebnis ist, daß die sozialen Adressen der Kriminellen, der Gauner etc. einem Prozeß der Abstraktion und De-Individualisierung unterzogen wurden, von dem sich vermuten läßt, daß er ein preadaptive advance der modernen Konstruktion sozialer Adressen ist. Diese Konzeption wird illustriert durch eine kurze Prüfung der Konstruktion von Asozialität oder asozialen Personen im Dritten Reich.
Lenin’s Twist, or the R-Factor of Communication
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Identity may be modeled by Spencer-Brownian qualitative mathematics, introducing identity as an argument agreed upon by communication taking place between first-order and second-order observers. The paper uses this notion and its mathematics in order to present a model of the role of Lenin’s Bolshevik party in the Russian revolution and the institution of a Soviet state. The idea is to test the provision of sociological systems theory with a calculus of form representing the concatenation of observations acted upon in social intercourse. Lenin’s twist consists in the invention of an exclusive, conspiratorial, and professional political party as the main actor of revolution. His knot, which strangles the idea of the revolution and many of its proponents, is the necessity of having to accept the state as the battlefield of that party and as the institution that has to fight a war, reorganize a national economy, reinvent Russia, and promote the socialist revolution in a capitalist environment.
Inclusions: Concerning a Theory and Aesthetics of Police
Authors: Vogl Joseph 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Since the eighteenth century what is known as the ›body politic‹ has duplicated itself in a very specific way. Alongside the models of the social contract we can observe, under the label ›police‹, the emergence of political knowledge dealing with the regulation of social, economic, medical and moral spheres. This tension between sovereign representation and the empirical ›body politic‹ became critical after the French Revolution. The works of Friedrich Schiller may serve as an example of the intense exchange between aesthetic and police-theoretical problems: a quest to mediate between the laws of reason and the scope of empirical forces; and to grasp the economics of a political power which converts the inclusion of the excluded into a new form of degenerate life.
Das Geschlecht des Fußballs – Zur “Polarisierung der Geschlechtscharaktere” im Fußball / The Gender of Soccer – The “Polarization of Gender Characters” in Soccer
Authors: Müller Marion 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Im Gegensatz zu der sowohl im Alltag als auch in der Sportwissenschaft häufig vertretenen Ansicht, der zufolge der Fußball schon immer ein männlich kodiertes Spiel gewesen ist, wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, dass die Geschlechterdifferenz sich erst im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts als zentrale Teilungsdimension des Fußballs etablieren konnte. Aus differenzierungstheoretischer Perspektive stellt sich in diesem Zusammenhang die Frage, wie sich die Funktion von Geschlecht als Inklusionskriterium innerhalb einer modernen, primär funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft überhaupt legitimieren lässt. Vor dem Hintergrund der Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts entstehenden „Polarisierung der Geschlechtscharaktere“ wird innerhalb eines historischen Abrisses die Einlagerung der Geschlechterdifferenz als Ordnungsprinzip in den modernen Fußball dargestellt, die mit dem Verweis auf die unterschiedliche körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit von Frauen und Männern gerechtfertigt wurde. Die faktische Exklusion der Frauen und die Institutionalisierung des Fußballs als Männersport erfolgten in Europa jedoch erst zwischen 1921 und 1955 durch die offiziellen Verbote der nationalen Fußballverbände. Die Aufhebung der Verbote Anfang der 1970er Jahre stellt weniger eine (segregierte) (Re-)Inklusion der Frauen in den Fußball als vielmehr die Erfindung einer „neuen“ Sportart, des Frauenfußballs, dar.
Sportgeographie – Sport aus der Tiefe des Raumes / Sports Geography – Sport from the Deepness of Space
Authors: Peters Christian 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Sportgeographie als ein noch sehr junges Teilgebiet der Sportwissenschaft und der Geographie begann sich erst vor circa vier Jahrzehnten zu entfalten. Abgesehen von einigen Vorläufern nahm die Sportgeographie ihren eigentlichen Anfang in den 1970er und insbesondere in den 1980er Jahren. Für den internationalen Aufschwung sorgten seitdem vor allem Wissenschafder des englischsprachigen Kulturraumes, wo sich die Sportgeographie im Laufe der 1990er Jahre in der Vielzahl der so genannten Bindestrich-Wissenschaften etablierte. In der deutschsprachigen Geographie und Sportwissenschaft hingegen ist dieser Etablierungsprozess soweit noch nicht vorangeschritten, wenngleich auch hier erste Schritte einer Institutionalisierung unternommen wurden.
Estimation of the Fraction of Spin-Correlated Radical Ion Pairs in Irradiated Alkanes using Magnetosensitive Recombination Luminescence from Exciplexes Generated upon Recombination of a Probe Pair
Authors: Melnikov Anatoly R. , Verkhovlyuk Vladimir N. , Kalneus Evgeny V. , Korolev Valeri V. , Borovkov Vsevolod I. , Sherin Peter S. , Davydova Maria P. , Vasilevsky Sergei F. , Stass Dmitri V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We suggest a convenient probe exciplex system for studies in radiation spin chemistry based on a novel acceptor-substituted diphenylacetylene, 1-(phenylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene that has a very short fluorescence lifetime (<200 ps) and low quantum yield (0.01) of intrinsic emission, provides efficient electron capture in alkanes and efficient exciplex formation upon recombination in pair with DMA radical cation, while exhibiting a shifted to red exciplex emission band as compared to the parent system DMA – diphenylacetylene. After chemical, luminescent, radiation and spin-chemical characterization of the new system we used the magnitude of magnetic field effect in its exciplex emission band for experimental estimation of the fraction of spin-correlated radical ion pairs under X-irradiation with upper energy cutoff 40 keV in a set of 11 alkanes. For linear and branched alkanes magnetic field effects and the corresponding fractions are approximately 19–20% and 0.28, while for cyclic alkanes they are lower at 16–17% and 0.22, respectively.
The Role of Alpha Activity in Spatial and Feature-Based Attention
Authors: van Diepen Rosanne M. , Miller Lee M. , Mazaheri Ali , Geng Joy J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractModulations in alpha oscillations (∼10 Hz) are typically studied in the context of anticipating upcoming stimuli. Alpha power decreases in sensory regions processing upcoming targets compared to regions processing distracting input, thereby likely facilitating processing of relevant information while suppressing irrelevant. In this electroencephalography study using healthy human volunteers, we examined whether modulations in alpha power also occur after the onset of a bilaterally presented target and distractor. Spatial attention was manipulated through spatial cues and feature-based attention through adjusting the color-similarity of distractors to the target. Consistent with previous studies, we found that informative spatial cues induced a relative decrease of pretarget alpha power at occipital electrodes contralateral to the expected target location. Interestingly, this pattern reemerged relatively late (300–750 ms) after stimulus onset, suggesting that lateralized alpha reflects not only preparatory attention, but also ongoing attentive stimulus processing. Uninformative cues (i.e., conveying no information about the spatial location of the target) resulted in an interaction between spatial attention and feature-based attention in post-target alpha lateralization. When the target was paired with a low-similarity distractor, post-target alpha was lateralized (500–900 ms). Crucially, the lateralization was absent when target selection was ambiguous because the distractor was highly similar to the target. Instead, during this condition, midfrontal theta was increased, indicative of reactive conflict resolution. Behaviorally, the degree of alpha lateralization was negatively correlated with the reaction time distraction cost induced by target–distractor similarity. These results suggest a pivotal role for poststimulus alpha lateralization in protecting sensory processing of target information.
Inhibition of YAP/TAZ Activity in Spinal Cord Suppresses Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Xu Ni , Wu Ming-Zheng , Deng Xue-Ting , Ma Ping-Chuan , Li Ze-Hua , Liang Lei , Xia Meng-Fan , Cui Dong , He Duan-Duan , Zong Yuan , Xie Zhong , Song Xue-Jun 
Published: September 2016

Neuropathic pain, often caused by nerve injury, is a major clinical challenge. Mechanisms that underlie neuropathic pain remain elusive and effective medications are limited. Numerous investigations of pain mechanisms have focused on alterations and phenotypic switches of the nociceptive transmitters and modulators, as well as on their receptors and downstream signaling pathways that have already exerted roles in the pain processes of mature nervous systems. We have demonstrated recently that nerve injury may elicit neuronal alterations that recapitulate events occurring during development. Signaling of the representative activated molecule Wnt thus becomes a trigger for the development of neuropathic pain and is a potential therapeutic target. We report that the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ, which orchestrate Wnt response via incorporation in the β-catenin destruction complex, are key in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and may serve as an “ON–OFF” switch for neuropathic pain status in rats. Peripheral nerve injury causes rapid-onset and long-lasting nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ/β-catenin in the spinal dorsal horn. Spinal inhibition or knock-down of either YAP or TAZ suppresses mechanical allodynia induced by nerve injury or the pain initiators lysophosphatidic acid and Wnt3a. Promoting the nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ leads to mechanical hypersensitivity in naive animals. Further, we discovered a new small molecule, dCTB, which targets YAP/TAZ/β-catenin and can greatly suppress neuropathic pain and the associated neurochemical alterations. Our study reveals that YAP and TAZ are core mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and are targets in the screening for potent analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMechanisms that underlie neuropathic pain remain elusive. We have demonstrated recently that nerve injury can activate Wnt signaling, which becomes a trigger for the development of neuropathic pain. We report that the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ, which orchestrate Wnt response via incorporation in the β-catenin destruction complex, are key in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and may serve as an “ON–OFF” switch for neuropathic pain status. Further, we discovered a new small molecule, dCTB, which targets YAP/TAZ/β-catenin and can greatly suppress neuropathic pain. Our study reveals that YAP and TAZ are core mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and are targets in the screening of potent analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
"Housing First" for Homeless Youth With Mental Illness
Authors: Kozloff Nicole , Adair Carol E. , Palma Lazgare Luis I. , Poremski Daniel , Cheung Amy H. , Sandu Rebeca , Stergiopoulos Vicky 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
"Housing First" has been shown to improve housing stability in homeless individuals with mental illness, but had not been empirically tested in homeless youth. We aimed to evaluate the effect of "Housing First" on housing stability in homeless youth aged 18 to 24 years participating in At Home/Chez Soi, a 24-month randomized trial of "Housing First" in 5 Canadian cities.

METHODS:
Homeless individuals with mental illness were randomized to receive "Housing First" (combined with assertive community treatment or intensive case management depending on their level of need) or treatment as usual. We defined our primary outcome, housing stability, as the percent of days stably housed as a proportion of days for which residence data were available.

RESULTS:
Of 2148 participants who completed baseline interviews and were randomized, 7% (n = 156) were youth aged 18 to 24 years; 87 received "Housing First" and 69 received treatment as usual. In an adjusted analysis, youth in "Housing First" were stably housed a mean of 437 of 645 (65%) days for which data were available compared with youth in treatment as usual, who were stably housed a mean of 189 of 582 (31%) days for which data were available, resulting in an adjusted mean difference of 34% (95% confidence interval, 24%–45%; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
"Housing First" was associated with improved housing stability in homeless youth with mental illness. Future research should explore whether adaptations of the model for youth yield additional improvements in housing stability and other outcomes.
STATUS BIO-EKONOMI SUMBERDAYA UDANG DI KABUPATEN CILACAP
Authors: Pangesti Triono Probo , Wiyono Eko Sri , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Nurani Tri Wiji , Wiryawan Budy 
Published: September 2016

<p>Cilacap adalah salah satu sentra perikanan di Indonesia dengan salah satu produk utamanya adalah udang dan alat tangkap utama yang digunakan adalah trammel net. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga status tingkat pemanfaatan stok sumberdaya udang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei dan studi pustaka. Analisis data melalui pendekatan model bioekonomi Gordon- Schaefer. Pemanfaatan stok udang pada tahun 2003-2011 berada di bawah kondisi tingkat kelestarian sumberdaya, sedangkan tahun 2012-2013 telah melampaui tingkat kelestarian sumberdaya. Hasil tangkapan tahun 2011 masih di bawah kondisi tingkat kelestarian sumberdaya, namun telah melampaui jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (JTB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang terkini sudah overfishing baik secara biologi maupun ekonomi. Jika hal ini terus dibiarkan maka berpotensi merusak kelestarian sumberdaya udang dan mengancam keberlanjutan usaha perikanan tangkap udang yang menjadi mata pencaharian nelayan. Untuk itu diperlukan pengelolaan yang mengatur tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang sehingga sumberdaya udang tetap lestari dan usaha perikanan udang tetap menguntungkan nelayan.</p><p> </p><p><em>(Bio-economic Status of Shrimp Resources in Cilacap District)</em></p><p><em>Cilacap is one of Indonesian fisheries centre with shrimp as one of its main commodity with trammel net as the main fishing gear that used in the site. The objective of this study was estimating the status of shrimp fisheries in the area. Survei and literature study were used to collect data, while Gordon- Schaefer bioeconomic model was used to analyze them. Results indicated that shrimp yield in 2003-2011 was still under sustainable level; however in 2012-2013 had already exceeded it. Total production in 2011 was also still under sustainable yield but had exceeded its Total Allowable Catch (TAC). Furthermore, it was also indicated that the current status of shrimp fisheries had been overfishing both biologically and economically. This situation could not only potentially undermine shrimp fisheries sustainability but also threaten shrimp business sustainability as fishers’ livelihood if it continued. Therefore, fisheries management which manage the shrimp yield level was needed to not only keep shrimp resources sustained but also profitable for fishers.</em></p>