bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic nose based on nanoweights, expectation and reality
Authors: Kuchmenko Tatyana Anatolievna 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
One of the topical approaches in analysis – outside the framework of traditional ones – is the formation of an integral “image” of the object. There are several approaches to solving the issue of obtaining as much information about the sample by a certain portion of its properties or its composition as possible. The first approach is forming a visual image (diagram) of several different properties of the analyzed sample, for example, the content of certain metals, acids, volatile components and some other indicators of wine quality. The consolidated image of a sample enables us to distinguish samples identical or similar in the selected properties from crucially different ones, even in case of an acceptable change of each indicator. Or else, using the consolidated image one can evaluate the direction of an image shift of a certain sample compared to the set of standard samples. The analysis of the geometry of the sample image by diverse indicators affords ground for assumption of the reasons for this deviation, as well as identification of falsification, or even solution of a more complicated task: detecting the area of growth of raw materials. The second approach is close to the first one in terms of methodology, but it digitizes properties using detectors and presents this as an image (“visual print” of response) of signals of these detectors on some components of the sample (presence, content). The feature of this approach is the use of a detector system that is non-selective and cross-sensitive to certain sample components. These sample images are produced using a system of “electronic nose”. “Visual prints” of array signals of different character sensors contain qualitative and quantitative information about the part of the analyzed sample which is sorbed by sensors. Despite the uncertainty of this information, “electronic noses” of piezoelectric type are widely used in the analysis of samples with complex varying composition.
Testing for a unit root against ESTAR stationarity
Authors: Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. , Whitehouse Emily J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper we examine the local power of unit root tests against globally stationary exponential smooth transition autoregressive [ESTAR] alternatives under two sources of uncertainty: the degree of nonlinearity in the ESTAR model, and the presence of a linear deterministic trend. First, we show that the KSS test (Kapetanios, G., Y. Shin, and A. Snell. 2003. “Testing for a Unit Root in the Nonlinear STAR Framework.” Journal of Econometrics 112: 359–379) for nonlinear stationarity has local asymptotic power gains over standard Dickey-Fuller [DF] tests for certain degrees of nonlinearity in the ESTAR model, but that for other degrees of nonlinearity, the linear DF test has superior power. Second, we derive limiting distributions of demeaned, and demeaned and detrended KSS and DF tests under a local ESTAR alternative when a local trend is present in the DGP. We show that the power of the demeaned tests outperforms that of the detrended tests when no trend is present in the DGP, but deteriorates as the magnitude of the trend increases. We propose a union of rejections testing procedure that combines all four individual tests and show that this captures most of the power available from the individual tests across different degrees of nonlinearity and trend magnitudes. We also show that incorporating a trend detection procedure into this union testing strategy can result in higher power when a large trend is present in the DGP.
Exploring the Standing Barbell Overhead Press
Authors: Kroell Jordan , Mike Jonathan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
THE PURPOSE OF THIS COLUMN IS TO EXPLORE THE STANDING BARBELL OVERHEAD PRESS (SBOHP) IN TERMS OF ITS EXECUTION, MUSCULATURE INVOLVED, POTENTIAL BENEFITS, PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS, AND ITS EVOLUTION. THE SBOHP IS AMONG THE MOST ELEMENTARY TESTS OF UPPER BODY AND OVERHEAD STRENGTH. BECAUSE OF ITS REMOVAL AS A CONTESTED BARBELL LIFT, GENERAL EMPHASIS ON THE MOVEMENT HAS DECLINED SLIGHTLY, BUT IT IS STILL WIDELY IMPLEMENTED IN A PLETHORA OF SETTINGS FROM RECREATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPORTS PERFORMANCE TO UTILITY IN REHABILITATION.
Increasing the Serviceability of Products From Single-Phase Titanium Alloys by Thermochemical Treatment
Authors: Fedirko V. M. , Luk’yanenko A. G. , Pohrelyuk I. M. , Trush V. S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In most cases, products from titanium alloys are subjected to final treatment in a vacuum or inert gas for removal of residual hydrogen and residual stress in the metal. During treatment in the reduced pressure or inert atmosphere, titanium alloys absorb impurities from the process gas environment. The uncontrolled saturation of subsurface layers of the metal leads to increased brittleness of the surface layers; thus, in practice, it is necessary to remove all or part of the hardened surface layers of the metal. In this regard, it is shown that the normalized hardening of the subsurface layers increases the resistance to fracture under cyclic and static long-term loading of the metal products up to 4 mm thick from α- and pseudo-α- titanium alloys. Hardening is caused by thermochemical surface treatment from a controlled gas environment that contains oxygen. It was experimentally shown that fatigue resistance of α- and pseudo-α- titanium alloys depends on the ratio of hardening and depth of the hardening zone. This dependence showed a peak when at the optimal level of solid solution hardening. Any additional concentration of elements in the layer (increased hardness) will lead to a drastic reduction of fatigue characteristics of titanium alloys. The effect of increasing longevity of α- and pseudo-α- titanium alloys and oxygen solid solution on the “optimal” level of subsurface layers under different loading conditions was confirmed experimentally. The loading of the specimens was performed to evaluate pure bending; rotating bending; cyclic stretch, and long-term static loading at 1000 h. The increase in fatigue strength of the titanium alloys samples, saturated not only with oxygen but also with other interstitial elements (N and C) at a specified ratio of surface hardening to depth of hardened zone, was determined.
Formation of Oxynitride Layers on Titanium Alloys
Authors: Tkachuk O. V. , Pohrelyuk I. M. , Yaskiv O. I. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The characteristics of oxynitride layers formation on titanium alloys in the process of controlled modification of titanium nitride by oxygen were determined. It was shown that by decreasing the oxygen partial pressure from 1 Pa to 0.0001 Pa, the content of oxynitride phase in the surface layer increases. It was determined that oxynitriding effect (ΔH) (the increase of surface microhardness of titanium alloys with regard to the corresponding nitriding) depends on the composition of titanium oxynitride and increases when its composition approaches equiatomic one.
Autosomal Trisomy and Triploidy Are Corrected During Female Meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Vargas Elizabeth , McNally Karen , Friedman Jacob A , Cortes Daniel B , Wang David Y , Korf Ian F , McNally Francis J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Trisomy and triploidy, defined as the presence of a third copy of one or all chromosomes, respectively, are deleterious in many species including humans. Previous studies have demonstrated that Caenorhabditis elegans with a third copy of the X chromosome are viable and fertile. However, the extra X chromosome was shown to preferentially segregate into the first polar body during oocyte meiosis to produce a higher frequency of euploid offspring than would be generated by random segregation. Here, we demonstrate that extra autosomes are preferentially eliminated by triploid C. elegans and trisomy IV C. elegans. Live imaging of anaphase-lagging chromosomes and analysis of REC-8 staining of metaphase II spindles revealed that, in triploids, some univalent chromosomes do not lose cohesion and preferentially segregate intact into the first polar body during anaphase I, whereas other autosomes segregate chromatids equationally at anaphase I and eliminate some of the resulting single chromatids during anaphase II. We also demonstrate asymmetry in the anaphase spindle, which may contribute to the asymmetric segregation. This study reveals a pathway that allows aneuploid parents to produce euploid offspring at higher than random frequency.
Die 9. GWB-Novelle und die Einführung einer transaktionswertbezogenen Aufgreifschwelle in der Zusammenschlusskontrolle
Authors: Siebert Tilman , Aulmann Helge 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der 9. GWB-Novelle hat der Gesetzgeber im Bereich der Fusionskontrolle eine neue, transaktionswertbezogene Aufgreifschwelle eingeführt. Diese soll vorrangig Transaktionen erfassen, bei denen die Umsätze nicht dem wettbewerblichen Potential des Zielunternehmens entsprechen. Bislang waren solche Transaktionen häufig nicht fusionskontrollpflichtig, wenn sie aufgrund der geringen Umsätze des jeweiligen Zielunternehmens unterhalb der Schwellenwerte blieben. Dies zeigte sich sehr deutlich beim Erwerb des Textnachrichtendienstes WhatsApp durch Facebook zu einem Kaufpreis von ca. 19 Mrd. US-$, der in vielen Ländern, darunter Deutschland, nicht anmeldepflichtig war, da WhatsApp seine Dienstleistung kostenlos anbietet und dementsprechend nur sehr geringe Umsätze erzielte.
Der nachfolgende Beitrag erläutert zunächst die geplanten Neuregelungen, beschäftigt sich im Anschluss mit der Frage, ob die entsprechenden Regelungen ihrem Ziel gerecht werden, unterbreitet einige Vorschläge wie der Zweck der Neuregelungen besser erreicht werden könnte und vergleicht die Neuregelungen zum Abschluss mit ähnlichen Regelungen in den USA bzw. Vorschlägen auf Ebene der Europäischen Union.
Über die kartellrechtliche Heilung und den Wegfall einer marktbeherrschenden Stellung bei langfristigen Verträgen
Authors: Sonnberger Marcus W. A. 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Langfristige Vertragsbeziehungen marktbeherrschender Unternehmen werfen oft diffizile Fragestellungen vor dem Hintergrund der europäischen Missbrauchskontrolle durch Art. 102 AEUV auf. Der Beitrag setzt sich mit den Auswirkungen eines Wegfalls der marktbeherrschenden Stellung nach Abschluss des Vertrages auseinander. Zu klären ist dabei die Frage nach einer möglichen „Heilung“ in solchen Fällen, welche bislang jedoch v. a. zu Art. 101 AEUV diskutiert wurde. Der Beitrag beteiligt sich an dieser Diskussion mit dem Ziel, generelle Grundsätze zu formulieren, die auch für die analoge Frage nach Art. 102 AEUV übernommen werden können. Darauf aufbauend folgt er der Differenzierung zwischen den anerkannten und für langfristige Vertragsbeziehungen relevanten Fallgruppen des europäischen Missbrauchsverbotes und kommt dementsprechend auch zu differenzierenden Ergebnissen, denen insbesondere für die daran anknüpfenden Fragen der Nichtigkeit bzw. Vertragsanpassung entscheidende Bedeutung zukommt.
INDEKS KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS IKAN DEMERSAL DI PERAIRAN TARAKAN
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto 
Published: September 2017

Perairan Tarakan termasuk daerah penangkapan sumber daya ikan demersal dan udang cukup potensial di KalimantanUtara. Tingginya tingkat eksploitasi ikan demersal dengan menggunakan trawlmenyebabkan keragaman jenisnya rendah. Penelitian ikan demersal dilakukan di perairan Tarakan pada bulanMei,Agustus dan Nopember 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh indeks keanekaragaman jenis ikan demersal. Data spesies ikan demersal dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan jaring trawl yang dioperasikan oleh kapal motor 20GT dengan metode sapuan area. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah taksa ikan demersal sebanyak 86 spesies yang tergolong kedalam45 famili. Komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan trawl didominasi oleh famili Leiognathidae (ikan petek), Sciaenidae (ikan gulama), Harpadontidae (ikan nomei),Apogonidae (ikan serinding) danMullidae (ikan bijinangka). Status keanekaragaman jenis termasuk dalamkategori sedang dengan indeks “Shanon-Wiener” (H’)berkisar antara 1,7-2,5 sedangkan indeks kekayaan “Margalef” (R1 ) berkisar antara 7-8. Penyebaran spesies ikan demersal bersifat sedang dengan indeks kemerataan jenis (E) rata-rata sebesra 0,5.Kelimpahan ikan demersal tidak ada yang dominan, ditunjukkan oleh nilai indeks kemerataan jenis “Pielou” (E) rata-rata sebesar 0,4.Tarakan and adjacent waters is one of potentially fishing ground of demersal fish resources in north Kalimantan. High exploitation by trawler tend to decreased of biodiversity of demersal fish in this area. Research has been conducted in the waters of Tarakan duringMay, August and November 2012. The aim of this research is to get species diversity indices of demersal fish, which is expected to be useful as one of the data capacity for sustainable fisheries management policy. Data obtained by using trawl fishing gear with a sweept area method.The results showed that demersal fish species richness 86 species, belonging to 45 families. Dominant family are Leiognathidae, Sciaenidae, Harpadontidae, Apogonidae andMullidae. Result of analysis indicate that species diversity in Tarakan waters in the medium category. Status of biodiversity consist of: range value diversityindices “Shanon-Wiener” (H’) was 1.7 to 2.5; species richness indices of “Margalef” (R1 ) are between 7-8; evenness indices of “Pielou” (E 1) was 0,5 and dominant indices “Pielou” (E) an average of 0.4.
PARAMETER POPULASI DAN BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN BENTONG (Selar crumenophthalmus) DI PERAIRAN KWANDANG,GORONTALO UTARA
Authors: Faizah Ria , Sadiyah Lilis , Hariati Tuti 
Published: September 2017

Perairan Kwandang merupakan salah satu basis utama perikanan pelagis kecil di perairan laut Sulawesi. Salah satu jenis yang banyak dimanfaatkan adalah ikan bentong (Selar crumenophthalmus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenduga parameter populasi, tingkat pemanfaatan (E), dan biologi reproduksi dari ikan bentong. Data panjang cagak dikumpulkan dari PP Kwandang dari bulan Januari hingga November 2012. Pendugaan parameter populasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Bhattacharya dengan bantuan software FISAT II Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,76 per tahun dengan L”=24,7 cm. Laju kematian total (Z) sebesar 2,63 per tahun, dengan laju kematian alamiah (M) sebesar 1,28 per tahun, laju kematian akibat penangkapan (F) sebesar 1,3 per tahun dan laju pemanfaatan 0,51. Tingkat pemanfaatan ikan bentong sudah relatif optimum. Rasio jenis kelamin ikan bentong jantan dan betina adalah 1: 1,02. TKGI paling banyak ditemukan. Musim pemijahan ikan bentong diduga terjadi pada bulan November dan Desember.The Kwandang waters is one of the main base for small pelagic fisheries in Sulawesi sea. Bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) is one of species from small pelagic is exploited. The objectives of the research was to estimate the population parameters, exploitation rate and reproductive biology of bigeye scad. Length frequency data were collected from PP Kwandang, from January November 2012. Estimation of population parameters of bigeye scad used FISAT II method. The results showed that growth rate as follows (K) = 0,76 year-1 , L”=24,7 cm. Total mortality rate (Z) = 2,63 year-1, with natural mortality (M) = 1, year-1 and fishing mortality (F) = 1,3 year-1 and exploitation rate (E)=0,51. The exploitation rate are already optimum. Sex ratio of male and female are 1:1,02. The most commonly founded is Gonado Maturity Stage of I. The spawning season of bigeye scad estimated was November and December
BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN SUMPIT (Toxotes microlepis Gunther 1860) DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI MUSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Suryati Ni Komang , Makmur Safran , Nurdawati Syarifa 
Published: September 2017

Kegiatan penangkapan ikan sumpit sebagai ikan hias secara terus menerus di SungaiMusi oleh para nelayan akan mengakibatkan penurunan populasi ikan tersebut. Ikan sumpit termasuk ikan yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi, harganya di pasaran Rp 150.000,-. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui aspek biologi reproduksi ikan sumpit sebagai salah satu informasi untuk mendukung pelestarian ikan sumpit agar populasi ikan sumpit tetap terjaga. Penelitian dilakukan pada setiap bulan sejak Juni hingga Oktober 2011. Pengambilan sampel Ikan sumpit dilaksanakan di Perairan Sungai Musi dari Borang sampai Sungsang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan rasio kelamin antara ikan jantan dan ikan betina terjadi ketidakseimbangan dimana rasio kelamin ikan jantan jauh lebih banyak dibandingkan rasio kelamin ikan betina (2:1). Rata-rata nilai Indeks Gonad Somatik ikan sumpit berkisar antara 4,27±1,27. Nilai dari fekunditas ikan sumpit betina secara keseluruhan berkisar 6.655-72.726 butir/individu. Kisaran diameter telurnya antara 0,27 – 0,95 mm. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad pada panjang total 134,97 mm untuk ikan jantan dan 116,31 mm untuk ikan betina.Fishing activity of archer fish as ornamental fish continuously in Musiriver by fisher will decrease it population. The price is Rp 150.000,-/fish in market so that Archer fish has high economy value. Therefore it was necessary to study the reproductive biology of archerfish that may be used as a reference for better management in order to achieve stability of its population. The research was conducted every month from June to October 2011 in downstream ofMusiriver South Sumatera. Result of this research showed that proportion between male and female were not equal (2:1). Gonad Somatic Index of archer fish values ranged 4,27 ± 1,27 and the fecundity of the female is estimated between 6655 to 72726 eggs. The average diameter of mature egss ranged form 0.27 to 0.95 mm. Length of first maturity for male and female were 134.97 mm and 116.31 mm, respectivelly.
PENDUGAANPARAMETERPERTUMBUHAN,MORTALITAS DANUKURAN PERTAMAMATANGGONAD IKAN GABUS (Channa striata) DI RAWABANJIRAN SUNGAIMUSI
Authors: Nurdawati Syarifah , Rais Aroef Hukmanan , Supriyadi Fredy 
Published: September 2017

Ikan gabus merupakan salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produk olahan. Habitat ikan gabus di SungaiMusi yaitu banyak dijumpai di rawa banjiran seperti lebak-lebak di SungaiMeriak, Sungai Semuntul dan hutan rawa Danau Cala. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Februari–Desember 2010 dengan tujuan untukmengetahui pertumbuhan, mortalitas, laju pertumbuhan dan ukuran pertama matang gonad. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama 11 bulan penelitian didapatkan sampel ikan gabus sebanyak 2.303 ekor dengan kisaran nilai tengah panjang antara 20 - 500 mm, Ikan gabus betina pertama matang gonad berukuran panjang 210 mm sedangkan ikan gabus jantan pada ukuran 185 mm. Dari analisa Ford-Walford diperoleh nilai parameter pertumbuhan dengan panjang asimtotik ikan gabus (L ) sebesar 575,9 mm, koefisien pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,173 per tahun dan umur teorits (t0) sebesar - 0,07 per tahun sehingga diperoleh persamaan pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy untuk ikan gabus adalah Lt = 575,9 (1-e-0,173(t +0,07)). Dugaan laju kematian alami (M) sebesar 0,25 per tahun dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) sebesar 0,51 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) ikan gabus sebesar 0,67 per tahun atau sudah melebihi nilai eksploitasi optimumyaitu 0,50.The snakehead fishis considered to be an important food fish.The fishes arewidely used asraw material refined products. Habitat of Channa striata in floodplain of Musi River, there are in Meriak River, Semuntul River and in plood plain of Cala lake. Estimation of population parameters and size at the firstmaturity of female and male snakehead (Channa striata) has been conducted from February 2010 to December 2010. The purpose is to estimate fish population parameters quantitatively including growth of snakehead. The first sexual maturity and natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (Z) and exploitation rates (E) of snakehead.The results of this study showed that 11 month study period we found as many as 2,306 fish samples of channa striata with mediumlength range value between 20 to 500 mm. Size at first sexual maturity for female were 210 mm in length and for males of 185 mm. Based on the analysis of Ford-Walford growth parameter values obtained L = 575.9 mm, and K= 0.173 per year with a valueof t0 = - 0.07. From the values obtained by the Von Bertalanffy growth equation of Channa striata is Lt = 575,9 (1-e 0,173(t +0,07)).Alleged rate of natural mortality (M) of 0.25 per year and the rate of mortality due to fishing (F) of 0.51 per year and exploitation rate (E) fish by 0.67 per year that more exceed the optimum level exploitation (E = 0.5).
KEMATIAN MASSAL IKAN DAN SEBARAN PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR DI TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Putri Masayu Rahmia Anwar , Hartati Sri Turni , Satria Fayakun 
Published: September 2017

Berbagai jenis ikan, dengan bobot total lebih dari 650 kg ditemukan mati di pesisir Pantai Ancol tanggal 30 November 2015, diantaranya yang dominan adalah gulamah (Scianidae). Kematian ikan yang sering terjadi akan menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan. Identifikasi faktor penyebab terjadinya peristiwa ini sangat penting untuk diketahui dalam rangka pengelolaan populasi ikan dan penyusunan tindakan pencegahan sehingga bisa mengurangi frekuensi dan besarnya tingkat kematian ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran spasial beberapa parameter kualitas airguna mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kematian masal ikan di Teluk Jakarta yang terjadi pada tanggal 30 November 2015. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tanggal 1-3 Desember 2015 di 14 stasiun penelitian mencakup14 parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi perairan. Sebaran spasial beberapa parameter perairan dipetakan dengan menggunakan software ArcGIS 9.3. Parameter perairan (kedalaman, kecerahan, suhu air, pH, oksigen terlarut dan ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential)) diukur secara insitu dan contoh air permukaan diambil untuk pengamatan plankton serta parameter kimia air di laboratorium (nitrat, fosfat, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, sulfide dan bahan organik terlarut). Berdasarkan analisa dari 14 parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi perairan diketahui faktor penyebab kematian masal ikan di Teluk Jakarta pada 30 November 2015 disebabkan karena rendahnya kandungan oksigen terlarut(0,07mg/l pada lokasi pusat kematian ikan),kadar nutrien yang berlebihan(nitrat,0,003-0,389 mg/l dan fosfat 0,811-1,653 mg/l,)dan tingginya konsentrasi ammonia yang merupakan gas beracun dan berbau (0,227-1,944 mg/l). On November 30th, 2015, more than 650 kg fishes found dead in the coast of Ancol. The identification of its causes is very vital to develop mitigation for managing fish population and preventing economic loss. This study aims to examine several waters parameters to identify the factors causing mass deaths of fish. The study was conducted on 1-3 December 2015 in Jakarta Bay by analyzing 14 parameters of physical, chemical and biological aspect. Spatial distribution of water parameters mapped using ArcGIS 9.3 software. Some water parameters were measured in situ (depth, brightness, water temperature,pH, dissolved oxygen and ORP (oxidation reduction potential) while surface water samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory (Nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand. The result showed that a mass fish kills in Jakarta Bay on 30 November 2015 due to low dissolved oxygen content, release of toxic gas into the water, excessive nutrient and high ammonia.