bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-scale partitioning of genomic variation among recruits in an exploited fishery: causes and consequences
Authors: Puritz Jonathan B. , Gold John R. , Portnoy David S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConservation and management of exploited species depends on accurate knowledge of how genetic variation is partitioned across a fishery, especially as it relates to recruitment. Using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, we surveyed variation in 7,382 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) young-of-the-year (YOY) sampled at six localities and in adults sampled at two localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Significant genetic heterogeneity was detected between the two adult samples, separated by ~600 km, and at spatial scales less than five kilometers among samples of  YOY. Genetic differences between YOY samples and between YOY samples and adult samples were not associated with geographic distance, and a genome scan revealed no evidence of loci under selection. Estimates of the effective number of breeders, allelic richness, and relatedness within YOY samples were not consistent with sweepstakes recruitment. Instead, the data demonstrate, at least within one recruitment season, that multiple pulses of recruits originate from distinct groups of spawning adults, even at small spatial scales. For exploited species with this type of recruitment pattern, protection of spawning adults over wide geographic areas may be critical for ensuring productivity and stability of the fishery by maintaining larval supply and connectivity.
Differential expression of lncRNAs during the HIV replication cycle: an underestimated layer in the HIV-host interplay
Authors: Trypsteen Wim , Mohammadi Pejman , Van Hecke Clarissa , Mestdagh Pieter , Lefever Steve , Saeys Yvan , De Bleser Pieter , Vandesompele Jo , Ciuffi Angela , Vandekerckhove Linos , De Spiegelaere Ward 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStudying the effects of HIV infection on the host transcriptome has typically focused on protein-coding genes. However, recent advances in the field of RNA sequencing revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) add an extensive additional layer to the cell’s molecular network. Here, we performed transcriptome profiling throughout a primary HIV infectionin vitroto investigate lncRNA expression at the different HIV replication cycle processes (reverse transcription, integration and particle production). Subsequently, guilt-by-association, transcription factor and co-expression analysis were performed to infer biological roles for the lncRNAs identified in the HIV-host interplay. Many lncRNAs were suggested to play a role in mechanisms relying on proteasomal and ubiquitination pathways, apoptosis, DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation. Through transcription factor binding analysis, we found that lncRNAs display a distinct transcriptional regulation profile as compared to protein coding mRNAs, suggesting that mRNAs and lncRNAs are independently modulated. In addition, we identified five differentially expressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs with mRNA involvement in HIV pathogenesis with possiblecisregulatory lncRNAs that control nearby mRNA expression and function. Altogether, the present study demonstrates that lncRNAs add a new dimension to the HIV-host interplay and should be further investigated as they may represent targets for controlling HIV replication.
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a promising target for cholangiocarcinoma treatment and bile LCN2 level is a potential cholangiocarcinoma diagnostic marker
Authors: Chiang Kun-Chun , Yeh Ta-Sen , Wu Ren-Chin , Pang Jong-Hwei S. , Cheng Chi-Tung , Wang Shang-Yu , Juang Horng-Heng , Yeh Chun-Nan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to resistance to traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. New therapeutic strategies against CCA are urgently needed. This study investigated the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in human cholangiocarcinoma as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker. So far, the role of LCN2 in cancer is still controversial and studies regarding the role of LCN2 in CCA are limited. LCN2 knockdown inhibited CCA cell growth in vitro and in vivo through induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phases and decreased metastatic potential due to repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overexpression of LCN2 in CCA cells increased cell metastatic potential. We showed for the first time that the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and NDRG2, known as tumor suppressor genes, are negatively regulated by LCN2 in CCA cells. LCN2 concentration in bile was higher in patients with CCA than that in patients with gallstones, with a cutoff value of 20.08 ng/ml making this a potential diagnostic marker. Higher LCN2 expression was associated with worse survival in patients with CCA. LCN2 is a promising target for CCA treatment and bile LCN2 level is a potential diagnostic marker for CCA.
In situ Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicon Anode Reactions in Lithium-Ion Batteries during Charge/Discharge Processes
Authors: Chen Chih-Yao , Sano Teruki , Tsuda Tetsuya , Ui Koichi , Oshima Yoshifumi , Yamagata Masaki , Ishikawa Masashi , Haruta Masakazu , Doi Takayuki , Inaba Minoru , Kuwabata Susumu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the charge/discharge behaviour of high-capacity anode active materials, e.g., Si and Li, is essential for the design and development of next-generation high-performance Li-based batteries. Here, we demonstrate the in situ scanning electron microscopy (in situ SEM) of Si anodes in a configuration analogous to actual lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with an ionic liquid (IL) that is expected to be a functional LIB electrolyte in the future. We discovered that variations in the morphology of Si active materials during charge/discharge processes is strongly dependent on their size and shape. Even the diffusion of atomic Li into Si materials can be visualized using a back-scattering electron imaging technique. The electrode reactions were successfully recorded as video clips. This in situ SEM technique can simultaneously provide useful data on, for example, morphological variations and elemental distributions, as well as electrochemical data.
Opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata circulates between humans and yellow-legged gulls
Authors: Al-Yasiri Mohammed Hashim , Normand Anne-Cécile , L’Ollivier Coralie , Lachaud Laurence , Bourgeois Nathalie , Rebaudet Stanislas , Piarroux Renaud , Mauffrey Jean-François , Ranque Stéphane 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata is a component of the mycobiota of both humans and yellow-legged gulls that is prone to develop fluconazole resistance. Whether gulls are a reservoir of the yeast and facilitate the dissemination of human C. glabrata strains remains an open question. In this study, MLVA genotyping highlighted the lack of genetic structure of 190 C. glabrata strains isolated from either patients in three hospitals or fecal samples collected from gull breeding colonies located in five distinct areas along the French Mediterranean littoral. Fluconazole-resistant isolates were evenly distributed between both gull and human populations. These findings demonstrate that gulls are a reservoir of this species and facilitate the diffusion of C. glabrata and indirect transmission to human or animal hosts via environmental contamination. This eco-epidemiological view, which can be applied to other vertebrate host species, broadens our perspective regarding the reservoirs and dissemination patterns of antifungal-resistant human pathogenic yeast.
Global functional profiling of human ubiquitome identifies E3 ubiquitin ligase DCST1 as a novel negative regulator of Type-I interferon signaling
Authors: Nair Sajith , Bist Pradeep , Dikshit Neha , Krishnan Manoj N 
Published: October 2016

AbstractType I interferon (IFN-I) mediated innate immune response controls virus infections by inducing the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Although ubiquitination plays key roles in immune signaling regulation, a human genome-wide understanding of the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in interferon mediated ISG induction is lacking. Here, we report a genome-wide profiling of the effect of ectopic expression of 521 E3 ubiquitin ligases and substrate recognition subunits encoded in the human genome (which constitutes 84.4% of all ubiquitination related genes encoded in the human genome, hereafter termed Human Ubiquitome) on IFNβ mediated induction of interferon stimulated DNA response element (ISRE) driven reporter activity. We identified 96 and 42 genes of the human ubiquitome as novel negative and positive regulators of interferon signaling respectively. Furthermore, we characterized DCST1 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase negatively regulating interferon response. Ectopic expression and gene silencing of DCST1 respectively attenuated and increased ISRE reporter activity. DCST1 regulated Type I interferon signaling by interacting with and promoting ubiquitination-mediated degradation of STAT2, an essential component of antiviral gene induction. In summary, this study provided a systems level view on the role of human ubiquitination associated genes in Type I interferon response.
Novel protective effects of pulsed electromagnetic field ischemia/reperfusion injury rats
Authors: Ma Fenfen , Li Wenwen , Li Xinghui , Tran Ba Hieu , Suguro Rinkiko , Guan Ruijuan , Hou Cuilan , Wang Huijuan , Zhang Aijie , Zhu Yichun , Zhu YiZhun 
Published: October 2016

Extracorporeal pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has shown the ability to regenerate tissue by promoting cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated for the first time whether PEMF treatment could improve the myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and uncovered its underlying mechanisms.
In our study, we demonstrated for the first time that extracorporeal PEMF has a novel effect on myocardial I/R injury. The number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were increased in PEMF treating rats. The in vivo results showed that per-treatment of PEMF could significantly improve the cardiac function in I/R injury group. In addition, PEMF treatment also reduced the apoptosis of myocardial cells by up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and down-regulating the expression of pro-apoptosis protein (Bax). In vitro, the results showed that PEMF treatment could significantly reduce the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in primary neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes (NRCMs) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In particular, PEMF increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which might be closely related to attenuated cell apoptosis by increasing the releasing of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, our data indicated that PEMF could be a potential candidate for I/R injury.
Diabetes negatively affects cortical and striatal GABAergic neurons: an effect that is partially counteracted by exendin-4
Authors: Larsson Martin , Lietzau Grazyna , Nathanson David , Östenson Claes-Göran , Mallard Carina , Johansson Maria E. , Nyström Thomas , Patrone Cesare , Darsalia Vladimer 
Published: October 2016

Type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients often develop early cognitive and sensorimotor impairments. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind these problems are largely unknown. Recent studies demonstrate that dysfunctional γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons are involved in age-related cognitive decline. We hypothesized that similar, but earlier dysfunction is taking place under T2D in the neocortex and striatum (two brain areas important for cognition and sensorimotor functions). We also hypothesized that the T2D-induced effects are pharmacologically reversible by anti-diabetic drugs targeting the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). We determined the effect of T2D on cortical and striatal GABAergic neurons positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67), calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR) by using immunohistochemistry and quantitative microscopy. Young and middle-aged T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) (a model of spontaneous T2D) and Wistar rats were used. Furthermore, we determined the therapeutic potential of the GLP1-R agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4) by treating middle-aged GK rats for 6 weeks with 0.1 μg/kg Ex-4 twice daily. We show that T2D reduced the density of GAD67-positive neurons in the striatum and of CB-positive neurons in both striatum and neocortex. T2D also increased the average volume of PV-positive interneurons in the striatum. Ex-4 treatment increased the density of CB-positive neurons in the striatum of GK rats. Our data demonstrate that T2D negatively affects GAD67 and CB-positive GABAergic neurons in the brain during aging, potentially identifying some of the pathophysiological mechanisms to explain the increased prevalence of neurological complications in T2D. We also show a specific, positive effect of Ex-4 on striatal CB-positive neurons, which could be exploited in therapeutic perspective.
Effects of Noise on Speech Recognition and Listening Effort in Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Mild Bilateral or Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Lewis Dawna , Schmid Kendra , O'Leary Samantha , Spalding Jody , Heinrichs-Graham Elizabeth , High Robin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This study examined the effects of stimulus type and hearing status on speech recognition and listening effort in children with normal hearing (NH) and children with mild bilateral hearing loss (MBHL) or unilateral hearing loss (UHL).

Method
Children (5–12 years of age) with NH (Experiment 1) and children (8–12 years of age) with MBHL, UHL, or NH (Experiment 2) performed consonant identification and word and sentence recognition in background noise. Percentage correct performance and verbal response time (VRT) were assessed (onset time, total duration).

Results
In general, speech recognition improved as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increased both for children with NH and children with MBHL or UHL. The groups did not differ on measures of VRT. Onset times were longer for incorrect than for correct responses. For correct responses only, there was a general increase in VRT with decreasing SNR.

Conclusions
Findings indicate poorer sentence recognition in children with NH and MBHL or UHL as SNR decreases. VRT results suggest that greater effort was expended when processing stimuli that were incorrectly identified. Increasing VRT with decreasing SNR for correct responses also supports greater effort in poorer acoustic conditions. The absence of significant hearing status differences suggests that VRT was not differentially affected by MBHL, UHL, or NH for children in this study.
6–18 GHz, 26 W GaN HEMT compact power‐combined non‐uniform distributed amplifier
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Park Hongjong , Lee Sangho , Kim Jaeduk , Lee Wangyong , Lee Changhoon , Kwon Youngwoo 
Published: October 2016

A 6–18 GHz gallium nitride (GaN) non‐uniform distributed amplifier (NDA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit with high power density is implemented with compact four‐way combined power. The drain lines and gate lines are shared among the combined NDAs. Sharing drain (or gate) lines reduces the drain (or gate) line length by half, while keeping the same characteristic impedances and eliminates bulky and lossy power combiners, such as Wilkinson combiners. The proposed four‐way NDA was fabricated using a commercial 0.25 μm GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process. It shows average continuous wave output power of 20.8 W and average associated gain of 10.7 dB from 6 to 18 GHz under 33 V drain bias. When pulsed input power and pulsed DC bias are simultaneously supplied to the NDA, the output power increases to 26 W, on average. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the highest RF power and power density among the reported GaN power amplifiers with an octave bandwidth higher than the Ku‐band is represented in this work.
Brand und Notfallevakuierung im Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung
Authors: Leledakis G. 
Published: October 2016

ZusammenfassungDas Krefelder Modell wurde im Jahr 2002 als alternatives Konzept der Klinikeinsatzleitung vorgestellt. Es zielt auf die interdisziplinäre Bearbeitung der Frühphase einer kritischen und komplexen Situation. Erstmals war es nun möglich, anhand einer bedrohlichen Einsatzlage die Funktion des Modells zu evaluieren. Das Krefelder Modell ist nach dieser Erfahrung sowohl flexibel als auch effizient, um den objektiven Anforderungen zu begegnen. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Ausgangslage und Reaktion der Führungskräfte sowie der Mitarbeiter und zeigt auf, wie sich Theorie und Praxis zueinander verhalten.
Wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems
Authors: Coates Peter S. , Ricca Mark A. , Prochazka Brian G. , Brooks Matthew L. , Doherty Kevin E. , Kroger Travis , Blomberg Erik J. , Hagen Christian A. , Casazza Michael L. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The Great Basin of western North America is larger than 75% of countries worldwide and is comprised mostly of a “sagebrush sea” threatened by a novel disturbance cycle of wildfire and annual grass invasion. The greater sage-grouse is a sagebrush-obligate species whose populations generally track declines in sagebrush, and is highly influential in shaping state and national land-use policy. Using three decades of sage-grouse population count, wildfire, and climate data within a modeling framework that allowed for variable postfire recovery of sagebrush, we provide quantitative evidence that links long-term declines of sage-grouse to chronic effects of wildfire. Projected declines may be slowed or halted by targeting fire suppression in remaining areas of intact sagebrush with high densities of breeding sage-grouse.
High-dimensional regression adjustments in randomized experiments
Authors: Wager Stefan , Du Wenfei , Taylor Jonathan , Tibshirani Robert J. 
Published: October 2016

SignificanceAs datasets get larger and more complex, there is a growing interest in using machine-learning methods to enhance scientific analysis. In many settings, considerable work is required to make standard machine-learning methods useful for specific scientific applications. We find, however, that in the case of treatment effect estimation with randomized experiments, regression adjustments via machine-learning methods designed to minimize test set error directly induce efficient estimates of the average treatment effect. Thus, machine-learning methods can be used out of the box for this task, without any special-case adjustments.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in the USA: an epidemiological study in a large insured pediatric population
Authors: Li Lin , Jick Susan , Breitenstein Stefanie , Hernandez Gemzel , Michel Alexander , Vizcaya David 
Published: October 2016

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is rare in children and few data are available in a pediatric general population. This study aims to calculate the annual incidence and prevalence of PAH and to describe these children in a large US population of patients aged under 18 years. Using the US MarketScan claims database we identified 695 children with PAH in 2010–2013. We calculated annual incidence rates and prevalence overall, by age and PAH type (idiopathic and non‐idiopathic) using Byar’s method. We also described characteristics, co‐morbidities, treatment patterns, and diagnostic procedures for these children. In 2010–2013, the annual incidence rates of PAH per 1,000,000 children‐years was in the range of 4.8–8.1; 0.5–0.9 for idiopathic PAH and 4.3–7.3 for non‐idiopathic PAH. The annual prevalence of PAH was in the range of 25.7–32.6 per 1,000,000 children; 4.4–6.0 for idiopathic PAH and 21.3–27.0 for non‐idiopathic PAH. Incidence rates and prevalence were highest in children under age 2 years. Around 36% of affected children were born prematurely. Most (75%) had some type of congenital heart defect and 13% had Down’s syndrome. Most patients received PAH monotherapy (83%), while 13% received dual therapy. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors were the most commonly used treatments. Around 92% had at least one echocardiogram and 37% a right heart catheterization. PAH is very rare in children especially in the absence of etiological factors such as congenital heart defects. A large proportion of diagnoses in children seem to be based on echocardiography rather than right heart catheterization.
Effects of molecular weight of PVA on formation, stability and deformation of compound droplets for ICF polymer shells
Authors: Liu Meifang , Zheng Yueqing , Li Jie , Chen Sufen , Liu Yiyang , Li Jing , Li Bo , Zhang Zhanwen 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Sphericity and wall thickness uniformity are some of the hardest specifications to fulfill, as required by inertial confined fusion (ICF) research for polymer shells prepared by the microencapsulation technique. Driven by the need to control the deformation of compound droplets, the effects of the molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the formation and stability of the droplets, as well as the sphericity and wall thickness uniformity of the resulting shells, were investigated. On increasing the molecular weight of the PVA, the densities of the external water phases (W2) are almost the same, but the viscosity of the W2 phase increases more quickly than the interfacial tension. This makes the detaching force increase more quickly than the upward one, causing the formation of compound droplets and detachment from the oil tube. On the other hand, the increase in interfacial tension makes the maximum pressures (
P

max) in the O phase (O) of the compound droplets increase, causing them to rupture easily and decreasing their stability. However, for PVA with the same molecular weight, the viscous shear force in the flowing field reduces the role of gravity and makes the inner water droplet move towards the center of the compound droplet, decreasing its
P

max in the flowing field and improving its stability. Moreover, during the solidifying process, the viscous shear force increases more quickly than the interfacial tension force due to the quicker increase in viscosity with an increase in the molecular weight of the PVA. The increase in the viscous shear force can make the droplets deform, resulting in a decrease in their sphericity. However, the appropriate viscous shear force can also center the compound droplet—although they become decentered when the viscous shear force is too large, leading to the wall thickness uniformity increasing at first before decreasing quickly. The results presented in this work provide a more in-depth understanding of the formation, stability and deformation of compound droplets, to the benefit of preparing polymer shells with the high sphericity and uniform wall thickness needed in ICF experiments.