bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare providers’ knowledge and practices associated with postpartum hemorrhage during facility delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Carnahan Leslie R. , Geller Stacie E. , Leshabari Sebalda , Sangu Willy , Hanselman Bailey , Patil Crystal L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate healthcare providers’ knowledge and practices associated with prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) to improve care in urban settings and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.MethodsAs part of a cross‐sectional, survey‐based study, providers from 14 government health facilities providing maternal delivery services in the Ilala Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were surveyed about PPH‐related practices and knowledge in April 2015. The data were analyzed descriptively, and χ2 tests of independence were used to examine relationships between experience, facility type, and knowledge.ResultsAmong 115 respondents, 7 (6.1%) answered all PPH knowledge questions correctly. The mean knowledge score was 63.9% ± 21.1%. Non‐calibrated methods for estimating postpartum blood loss were common; only 62 (53.9%) respondents reported direct collection. Referral of patients for PPH‐related transfer was reported by 49 (42.6%) respondents; transportation and finances were barriers to transfer. Respondents requested continued training and additional supplies to address emergencies.ConclusionHealthcare providers had suboptimal knowledge of PPH risk factors, diagnosis, and causes. Strategies that provide ongoing education and equip lower‐level facilities with adequate supplies might minimize PPH‐related transfers. Providing prenatal women with basic delivery items (e.g. a blood collection device) and misoprostol is a viable option to ensure that essential PPH‐prevention tools are available at delivery.
Leg Lift Valsalva Maneuver for Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardias
Authors: Michaud Allison , Lang Eddy 
Published: August 2016

Clinical questionCan conversion to sinus rhythm for a supraventricular tachycardia be enhanced by a postural modification to the Valsalva maneuver?Article chosenAppelboam A, Reuben A, Mann C, et al. Postural modification of the standard Valsalva manoeuvre for emergency treatment of supraventricular tachycardias (REVERT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;386(10005):1747-53.1ObjectiveTo determine effectiveness of a postural modification of the Valsalva involving leg elevation and supine positioning.
Factors associated with choosing the emergency department as the primary access point to health care: a Canadian population cross-sectional study
Authors: Ohle Robert , Ohle Michelle , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 4.3 million Canadians are without a primary care physician, of which 13% choose the emergency department (ED) as their regular access point to health care. We sought to identify factors associated with preferential ED use over other health services. We hypothesized that socioeconomic barriers (i.e., employment, health status, education) to primary care would also prevent access to ED alternatives.MethodsData from the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007 to 2008, were analysed (N=134,073; response rate 93.5%). Our study population comprised 14,091 individuals identified without a primary care physician. Socioeconomic variables included employment, health, and education. Covariates included chronic health conditions, immigrant status, gender, age, and mental health. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each variable were calculated. Weighted logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the importance of individual risk factors and their interactions after adjustment for relevant covariates.ResultsThe sample comprised 57.2% males from across Canada. Employment (OR 0.73 [95% CI: 0.59-0.90]), good health (OR 0.73 [95% CI 0.57-0.88]), and post-secondary education (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53-0.88]) reduced respondents use of the ED. The reduced odds of ED use were independent of chronic conditions, mental health, gender, poor mobility, province, and age.ConclusionsLow socioeconomic status dictates preferential ED use in those without a primary care physician. Specific policy and system development targeting this at-risk population are indicated to alter ED use patterns in this population.
Botulinum Toxin Use in Refractory Pain and Other Symptoms in Parkinsonism
Authors: Bruno Veronica A. , Fox Susan H. , Mancini Deborah , Miyasaki Janis M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other parkinsonian syndromes are chronic, progressive neurodegenerative diseases. With advancing disease, both motor and non-motor symptoms represent a considerable burden and symptom relief and quality of life improvement become the main goal of treatment. Botulinum toxins (BTX) are an effective treatment modality for many neurological conditions. Methods: To understand the potential usefulness of BTX in this population, we performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD and atypical parkinsonism who received treatment with BTX injections in our center from 1995 to 2014 for a variety of symptoms. Response to BTX was assessed using a subjective Clinical Global Impression. Results: Records of 160 patients were reviewed. Probable idiopathic PD was the diagnosis in 117 patients (73.1%). The main indication for BTX treatment was pain (50.6% of cases). Other indications were the treatment of functional impairment resulting from dystonia (26.25%), sialorrhea (18.75%), freezing of gait, and camptocormia. Considering pain as indication, 81% of all patients with PD reported benefits after the first BTX injections. This benefit was maintained after the last recorded visit without significant difference in outcome compared with the first injection (p=0.067). Similar results were observed in patients with atypical parkinsonism. Conclusions: Our results confirm the safety and efficacy of different uses of BTX in the symptomatic treatment of patients with parkinsonism even in advanced stages of the disease, and suggest BTX treatment could have a safe and useful role in the treatment of pain in this population.
Forecasted Impact of Climate Change on Infectious Disease and Health Security in Hawaii by 2050
Authors: Canyon Deon V. , Speare Rick , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveClimate change is expected to cause extensive shifts in the epidemiology of infectious and vector-borne diseases. Scenarios on the effects of climate change typically attribute altered distribution of communicable diseases to a rise in average temperature and altered incidence of infectious diseases to weather extremes.MethodsRecent evaluations of the effects of climate change on Hawaii have not explored this link. It may be expected that Hawaii’s natural geography and robust water, sanitation, and health care infrastructure renders residents less vulnerable to many threats that are the focus on smaller, lesser developed, and more vulnerable Pacific islands. In addition, Hawaii’s communicable disease surveillance and response system can act rapidly to counter increases in any disease above baseline and to redirect resources to deal with changes, particularly outbreaks due to exotic pathogens.ResultsThe evidence base examined in this article consistently revealed very low climate sensitivity with respect to infectious and mosquito-borne diseases.ConclusionsA community resilience model is recommended to increase adaptive capacity for all possible climate change impacts rather an approach that focuses specifically on communicable diseases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:797–804)
Proactive market orientation and innovation in India: The moderating role of intrafirm causal ambiguity
Authors: Lakshman C. , Kumra Rajeev , Adhikari Atanu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the implication of organizational resources and the resource-based view of the firm, the market orientation literature has not examined associated constructs. Additionally, while it is recognized that emerging economies (e.g., India) are key drivers of economic growth, this literature has not paid sufficient attention to such markets, with few exceptions. We examine the impact of proactive market orientation on innovation capability, and performance in a sample of predominantly service firms, in a culture characterized by high power distance and low uncertainty avoidance. We contribute by conceptualizing and demonstrating the moderating impact of intrafirm causal ambiguity, drawn from resource-based theories of the firm. Based on Structural Equation Modelling analysis of responses to a survey of marketing managers, we find that intra-firm causal ambiguity moderates the proactive market orientation-innovation capability relationship, while this strategic orientation is linked to business performance through innovation. We discuss these findings, limitations, implications, and directions for future research.
Hepaticites iporangae Ricardi-Branco, Faria, Jasper, and Guerra-Sommer, 2011 from the early Permian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil, is not a liverwort but a tracheophyte
Authors: Uhl Dieter , Jasper André , Valerius Talyssa , Manfroi Joseline , Guerra-Sommer Margot , Ricardi-Branco Fresia Soledad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFrom new and more complete material, which includes frond fragments with casts of tracheid remains of the rachis, it can be demonstrated that the putative liverwort Hepaticites iporangae Ricardi-Branco, Faria, Jasper, and Guerra-Sommer, 2011, from the early Permian Rio Bonito Formation (Sakmarian) of the Paraná Basin, Brazil, is not a bryophyte but a tracheophyte. The new material was collected from the same locality and layer as the type material, in the Quitéria outcrop in the municipality of Encruzilhada do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. From the morphology of the deeply dissected pinnatifid pinnules with narrow laminar lobes, the taxon is provisionally reassigned to the genus Rhodeopteridium. Thus we propose the new combination ‘Rhodeopteridium’ iporangae new combination for this taxon. This new systematic interpretation contributes to our understanding of early liverworts (by removing Hepaticites iporangae as a possible taxon thereof) and clarifies an issue of diversity of the flora of the early Permian Rio Bonito Formation resulting from the original misidentification.
ON THE RADICALS OF A GROUP THAT DOES NOT HAVE THE INDEPENDENCE PROPERTY
Authors: MILLIET CÉDRIC 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe give an example of a pure group that does not have the independence property, whose Fitting subgroup is neither nilpotent nor definable and whose soluble radical is neither soluble nor definable. This answers a question asked by E. Jaligot in May 2013.
Assessing the completeness of the fossil record: comparison of different methods applied to parareptilian tetrapods (Vertebrata: Sauropsida)
Authors: Verrière Antoine , Brocklehurst Neil , Fröbisch Jörg 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs paleontological studies are generally distorted by gaps and biases in the fossil record, it is important to assess its completeness. Here we address the fossil record of Parareptilia, a Permian–Triassic amniote clade, applying two measures of specimen completeness: the skeletal completeness metric (SCM) and the character completeness metric (CCM). The SCM quantifies how much of the skeletal material of a taxon is preserved, whereas the CCM measures the amount of phylogenetic information available. The latter was implemented using two different approaches. In this study, we compare three completeness metrics. Two CCM implementations show a strong correlation with each other, but only the second implementation of the CCM correlates significantly with the SCM, possibly due to character selection in phylogenetic data sets. There is no correlation between diversity of parareptiles and their completeness, implying that the observed fluctuations in diversity are not driven by the completeness of the fossils. The mean completeness of parareptiles through time is consistently high compared with previously studied tetrapod clades, suggesting that most parareptile taxa are based on reasonably complete specimens. Clade-specific differences reveal no link between body size and completeness. However, the analyses confirm the impact of ecology, with aquatic mesosaurids being better preserved than terrestrial taxa.
Radiocarbon Dating of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: Results, Limitations, and Prospects
Authors: Wencel Maciej Mateusz 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the results of Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon dates from Early Bronze Age contexts in Southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq. The model uses14C dates available in the literature, employing archaeological and textual information to correlate contexts from a number of important Mesopotamian sites. The insufficient number of dates makes it impossible to precisely define the chronology of the period in question; however, the analysis allows for observing patterns of cultural change otherwise invisible in archaeological and textual records. Firstly, it is suggested that there was a hiatus of at least a century between the latest protocuneiform texts and the earliest historical writing. Furthermore, the results seem to argue against a steady, gradual evolution of literate civilizations, indicating a more complex and varied process of development.
EFFECT OF LIME AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON ACID SOILS AND BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) PERFORMANCE IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA
Authors: DESALEGN TEMESGEN , ALEMU GETACHEW , ADELLA AYALEW , DEBELE TOLESSA , GONZALO J. JULIÁN 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYLow soil pH and associated soil infertility problems are considered to be amongst the major challenges to barley production in the highlands of Ethiopia. In response to this, an experiment was conducted at low soil pH (< 5 H2O) site on the effects of different levels of lime and phosphorus (P) fertilizer on soil pH, exchangeable aluminium (Al3+), grain yield and yield components of barley during 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. The experiment comprised factorial combinations of five lime rates (0, 0.55, 1.1, 1.65 and 2.2 t ha−1) and four P rates (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha−1) in a randomized complete block design in three replications. The amount of lime that was applied at each level was calculated on the basis of Al3+. Results of soil analysis after 2 years of liming showed that liming significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil pH, and markedly reduced exchangeable Al3+. Liming at the rate of 0.55, 1.1, 1.65 and 2.2 t ha−1 decreased Al3+ by 0.88, 1.11, 1.20 and 1.19 mill equivalents per 100 g of soil, and increased soil pH by 0.48, 0.71, 0.85 and 1.1 units, respectively. Amongst the liming treatments, liming at the rate of 1.65 and 2.2 t ha−1 gave significantly (P < 0.05) the highest grain yield and yield components of barley. However, grain yield obtained by applications of 1.65 and 2.2 t ha−1 lime was statistically comparable. By additions of 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha−1, grain yield of barley increased by about 29, 55 and 66% as compared to control (without P). During 2010, however, the combined applications 1.65 t ha−1 lime and 30 kg P ha−1 gave 133% more grain yields of barley relative to control (without P and lime). Therefore, sustainable barley production on acid soils in the central highlands of Ethiopia should entail combined applications of both lime and P fertilizer.
HISTORICIZING CITIZENSHIP IN POST-WAR BRITAIN
Authors: GRANT MATTHEW 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCitizenship has been widely debated in post-war British history, yet historians discuss the concept in very different, and potentially contradictory, ways. In doing so, historians are largely following in the footsteps of post-war politicians, thinkers, and ordinary people, who showed that citizenship could – and did – mean very different things. The alternative ways of framing the concept can be usefully described as the three registers of citizenship. First, there are the political and legal definitions of what makes any individual a citizen. Secondly, there is the notion of belonging to a national community, an understanding of citizenship which highlights that legal status alone cannot guarantee an individual's ability to practise citizenship rights. Thirdly, there is the idea of citizenship as divided between ‘good’ or ‘active’ citizens, and ‘bad’ or ‘passive’ ones, a differential understanding of citizenship which has proved very influential in debates about British society. This article reviews these registers, and concludes by arguing that all three must be taken into account if we are to comprehend properly the nature and citizenship as both status and practice in post-war Britain.
Is pharyngeal pouch stapling superior to open pharyngeal pouch repair? An analysis of a single institution's series
Authors: Agalato E , Jose J , England R J 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground:Endoscopic stapling has become the primary procedure for pharyngeal pouch surgery because it is quick, less invasive and safe, but less is known about long-term outcomes.Method:Medical records were reviewed to compare rates of morbidity, operative failure, symptom control and revision surgery between open and closed procedures.Results:A total of 120 pharyngeal pouch procedures, carried out on 97 patients from 2000 to 2014, were studied. These included 80 endoscopic stapling and 40 open procedures. Twelve patients had complications (15 per cent) and there was one mortality (1.2 per cent) in the endoscopic stapling group. Ten patients (25 per cent) developed complications in the open procedure group, with no mortalities. Symptom recurrence was significantly greater in the endoscopic stapling group (26 per cent) than in the open procedure group (7.5 per cent). Multiple surgical procedures were required for 22 endoscopically stapled patients (32 per cent); none were required in the open procedure group. Although the male-to-female ratio for pharyngeal pouch incidence was 2:1, the ratio for multiple surgical procedures was 10:1.Conclusion:Endoscopic stapling outcomes are not as good as those following an open approach on long-term follow up, and the early advantages are eliminated if pouch excision is avoided.
Age at fatherhood: heritability and associations with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Frans E. M. , Lichtenstein P. , Hultman C. M. , Kuja-Halkola R. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAdvancing paternal age has been linked to psychiatric disorders. These associations might be caused by the increased number of de novo mutations transmitted to offspring of older men. It has also been suggested that the associations are confounded by a genetic liability for psychiatric disorders in parents. The aim of this study was to indirectly test the confounding hypotheses by examining if there is a genetic component to advancing paternal age and if men with a genetic liability for psychiatric disorders have children at older ages.MethodWe examined the genetic component to advancing paternal age by utilizing the twin model in a cohort of male twins (N = 14 679). We also studied ages at childbirth in men with or without schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and/or autism spectrum disorder. Ages were examined in: (1) healthy men, (2) affected men, (3) healthy men with an affected sibling, (4) men with healthy spouses, (5) men with affected spouses, and (6) men with healthy spouses with an affected sibling.ResultsThe twin analyses showed that late fatherhood is under genetic influence (heritability = 0.33). However, affected men or men with affected spouses did not have children at older ages. The same was found for healthy individuals with affected siblings. Instead, these men were generally having children at younger ages.ConclusionAlthough there is a genetic component influencing late fatherhood, our data suggest that the associations are not explained by psychiatric disorders or a genetic liability for psychiatric disorders in the parent.
Chronic exposure to haloperidol and olanzapine leads to common and divergent shape changes in the rat hippocampus in the absence of grey-matter volume loss
Authors: Crum W. R. , Danckaers F. , Huysmans T. , Cotel M.-C. , Natesan S. , Modo M. M. , Sijbers J. , Williams S. C. R. , Kapur S. , Vernon A. C. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundOne of the most consistently reported brain abnormalities in schizophrenia (SCZ) is decreased volume and shape deformation of the hippocampus. However, the potential contribution of chronic antipsychotic medication exposure to these phenomena remains unclear.MethodWe examined the effect of chronic exposure (8 weeks) to clinically relevant doses of either haloperidol (HAL) or olanzapine (OLZ) on adult rat hippocampal volume and shape using ex vivo structural MRI with the brain retained inside the cranium to prevent distortions due to dissection, followed by tensor-based morphometry (TBM) and elastic surface-based shape deformation analysis. The volume of the hippocampus was also measured post-mortem from brain tissue sections in each group.ResultsChronic exposure to either HAL or OLZ had no effect on the volume of the hippocampus, even at exploratory thresholds, which was confirmed post-mortem. In contrast, shape deformation analysis revealed that chronic HAL and OLZ exposure lead to both common and divergent shape deformations (q = 0.05, FDR-corrected) in the rat hippocampus. In particular, in the dorsal hippocampus, HAL exposure led to inward shape deformation, whereas OLZ exposure led to outward shape deformation. Interestingly, outward shape deformations that were common to both drugs occurred in the ventral hippocampus. These effects remained significant after controlling for hippocampal volume suggesting true shape changes.ConclusionsChronic exposure to either HAL or OLZ leads to both common and divergent effects on rat hippocampal shape in the absence of volume change. The implications of these findings for the clinic are discussed.