bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment Of Hydraulic Performance Of Drip Emitters For Adoption In Hilly Terrain Of North‐Eastern Region Of India
Authors: Kusre B.C. , Liansangpuii Fanai 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe north‐eastern region of India, although rich in land and water resources, often suffers from a water‐scarce situation particularly during the non‐rainy season. The steep terrain conditions do not support conventional irrigation systems and therefore micro‐irrigation system needs to be promoted. In micro‐irrigation systems, maintaining uniformity of application is necessary to achieve a satisfactory crop yield. Maintaining the system hydraulics is a challenge due to the terrain conditions and equipment available. A study was conducted to observe various uniformity parameters of selected emitters at five different operating pressures, viz. 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 kg cm–2. In the study it was observed that the discharge variation of the selected emitters was between 8.7 and 39.7%. The uniformity coefficient varied from 0.9 to 16.6, where the distribution uniformity and statistical uniformity varied from 81.1 to 99.1% and 83.4–99.1% respectively. The emitter flow variation ranged from 0.03 to 0.49 in the range of 0.51.5 kg cm–2. The emitter exponent indicated that the values ranged from 0.20 to 0.55. All these values were far from the manufacturer's value. From the study we can interpret that the emitting system needs to be tested before adoption in the field to ensure uniformity of water application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When control becomes a liability rather than an asset: Comparing home and office days among part‐time teleworkers
Authors: Biron Michal , van Veldhoven Marc 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPast research has mainly examined differences between employees working under conventional versus teleworking arrangements or high‐intensity versus low‐intensity teleworking. Yet because many workers combine days worked from the office with days worked from home (part‐time telework), it may be more appropriate to examine within‐individual variation in office versus home days. Accordingly, we compare diary data from 77 employees on three home days and three office days. This setup enables us to contribute to the theoretical debate on the duality of control and accountability. Specifically, by comparing job locations (home versus office), we identify conditions under which job control (worktime control) is more likely to act as an asset or as a liability. Results suggest that ability to concentrate is higher and need for recovery is lower, on home days than on office days. However, on home days, generally high level of worktime control amplifies the association between job demands and need for recovery—whereas this association is reversed when worktime control is generally moderate. No similar differences are observed on office days. Finally, whereas employees experiencing high job demands are more able to concentrate during home days than during office days, worktime control has no differential effect in this respect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The selection, optimization, and compensation model in the work context: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of two decades of research
Authors: Moghimi Darya , Zacher Hannes , Scheibe Susanne , Van Yperen Nico W. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryOver the past two decades, the selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) model has been applied in the work context to investigate antecedents and outcomes of employees' use of action regulation strategies. We systematically review, meta‐analyze, and critically discuss the literature on SOC strategy use at work and outline directions for future research and practice. The systematic review illustrates the breadth of constructs that have been studied in relation to SOC strategy use, and that SOC strategy use can mediate and moderate relationships of person and contextual antecedents with work outcomes. Results of the meta‐analysis show that SOC strategy use is positively related to age (rc = .04), job autonomy (rc = .17), self‐reported job performance (rc = .23), non‐self‐reported job performance (rc = .21), job satisfaction (rc = .25), and job engagement (rc = .38), whereas SOC strategy use is not significantly related to job tenure, job demands, and job strain. Overall, our findings underline the importance of the SOC model for the work context, and they also suggest that its measurement and reporting standards need to be improved to become a reliable guide for future research and organizational practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eurasian October snow water equivalent: using self‐organizing maps to characterize variability and identify relationships to the MJO
Authors: Henderson Gina R. , Barrett Bradford S. , South Kaitlyn 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTVariability in October daily snow water equivalent (SWE) change using self‐organizing maps (SOMs) was explored in this study. In addition, connections between October Eurasian daily snow water equivalent change (ΔSWE) and the leading mode of atmospheric intra‐seasonal variability, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), were considered. Through this analysis, dipole and tripole patterns of daily ΔSWE over Eurasia were identified and were moderately negatively correlated to mid‐tropospheric geopotential height anomalies. Additionally, SOM nodes capturing over 91% of October days were found moderately correlated with at least one MJO phase. The majority of correlation coefficients with magnitude above 0.30 were found for MJO phases 4–7, indicating that tropical convective anomalies over the Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent have the most impact on October circulation and snow variability. Furthermore, MJO phases with above‐normal frequency were most often found in SOM nodes with positive correlations between their respective 500‐hPa height anomalies, while MJO phases with below‐normal frequency were most often found in SOM nodes with negative correlations between their respective 500‐hPa height anomalies. These correlation patterns provide additional evidence linking the MJO to Eurasian snow variability. These results highlight a new application of SOMs in identifying snow variability throughout Eurasia during the month of October, in addition to providing evidence for tropical modulation of the extratropics on the intra‐seasonal timescale.
Attribute Partitioning in Multiple Attribute Decision Making Problems for a Decision with a Purpose – a Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Gupta Mahima , Mohanty B. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work introduces a methodology to find solutions corresponding to different purposes in a multiple attribute decision‐making problem under fuzzy environment. The discernment of purpose‐based solutions becomes important when the problem is defined vaguely and solution is targeted to heterogeneous population. Depending on the purpose, for which the solution is sought, the attributes are identified and weighted in an appropriate proportion. The level of similarity between a pair of attributes plays an important role to determine the aggregated value of attributes specific to a purpose. Our work determines the similarity levels between a pair of attributes by calculating their maximum attainability in presence of each other. The achievement of an attribute in presence of another is represented as a fuzzy set in the unit interval. The crisp equivalents of the fuzzy sets in the unit interval are used to define their simultaneous satisfaction denoted as 1‐step relation. The 1‐step relation is extended to (m‐1)‐step relation to calculate the degree of attainability of the same pair of attributes in the presence of m (all) attributes. The different levels of (m‐1)‐step relations generate several partitions of the attributes corresponding to multiple purposes in the multiple attribute decision‐making problems. The degree of fulfilment of the purposes in the alternatives are numerically derived by first taking weighted average of attributes within the equivalence classes of a partition and then aggregating the values corresponding to equivalence classes through ordered weighted averaging. The methodology is illustrated with a numerical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deflecting Arrow by Aggregating Rankings of Multiple Correlated Criteria According to Borda
Authors: Hulkower Neal D. , Neatrour John 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper has two objectives. The first is to review and address concerns raised by Hazelrigg that Arrow's impossibility theorem prevents the selection of rational aggregation methods for use in engineering trade studies. In addressing these concerns, the work of Saari is cited to establish the fact that the Borda count is the only ‘non‐dictatorial’ positional voting method that satisfies the criteria for a rational decision procedure while using complete information. Hence, the resulting rank ordering of the alternatives is the most reliable outcome. Several previous studies that use other aggregation methods are critiqued, and Borda is applied to examples to illustrate the differences in the outcomes. The second objective is to extend the applicability of Borda to include attributes such as cost, schedule duration, and certain technical and performance measures that are generally more reasonably described as correlated random variables. Exact Probabilities by Simulation with Borda, a method introduced by Hulkower that improves a technique by Book for determining which candidate in a trade study is the probable lowest‐cost alternative, is generalized to include multiple correlated criteria, each of which is expressed as a random variable and thus incorporates probabilistic uncertainty. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolving world of small RNAs from RNA viruses
Authors: Li Mei‐Ling , Weng Kuo‐Feng , Shih Shin‐Ru , Brewer Gary 
Published: April 2016

RNA virus infection in plants and invertebrates can produce virus‐derived small RNAs. These RNAs share features with host endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). They can potentially mediate RNA interference (RNAi) and related RNA silencing pathways, resulting in specific antiviral defense. Although most RNA silencing components such as Dicer, Ago2, and RISC are conserved among eukaryotic hosts, whether RNA virus infection in mammals can generate functional small RNAs that act in antiviral defense remains under discussion. Here, we review recent studies on the molecular and biochemical features of viral siRNAs and other virus‐derived small RNAs from infected plants, arthropods, nematodes, and vertebrates and discuss the genetic pathways for their biogenesis and their roles in antiviral activity. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:575–588. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1351This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Professional service supply chains⋆
Authors: Harvey Jean 
Published: April 2016

AbstractProfessional service (PS) exchanges are seldom narrowly bounded in time and space. This conceptual paper discusses prolonged PS sequences involving different professionals and different types of professionals. It is framed by the dual concepts of service episodes, representing the client's perspective and experience, and PS supply chains, that is, organized sequences of professional, clerical, and technical services explicitly set up to provide specific results, such as producing a financial product, designing a house, or replacing a hip. Four illustrative, empirically inspired situations are used to characterize episodes and supply chains. Each exemplar, two each from the health and social work sectors, is real and draws on publicly available data. The richness of the public information is a reflection of the fact that each is some form of failure or “disaster” (Altay and Ramirez, 2010). This dual conceptualization leads to a holistic perspective obtained by using the complex adaptive systems framework (Dooley and Van de ven, 1999, Levin, 1998) as a lens. The paper concludes with a discussion of the dynamics of such service systems and some proposals for a research agenda.
Joking Through Hardship: Humor and Truth-Telling among Displaced Timbuktians
Authors: Hernann Andrew 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:This article argues that one way in which internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees from Timbuktu, Mali, negotiated and made sense of the occupation of northern Mali in 2012 and the hardships of displacement was through joking. A genre of unofficial communication, joking asserted local truths and produced counternarratives. Sharing in this humorous reproduction helped to alleviate some of the anxieties of displacement and strengthen interpersonal relationships. The result was acommunitasthat reproduced the local Timbuktian community in exile.
Senior Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Disaster Preparedness: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Bayraktar Nurhan , Yıldırım Meral 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis descriptive study aimed to determine the disaster preparedness of a senior class of undergraduate nursing students.MethodsThe study sample was composed of 73 undergraduate nursing school students from Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected by using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and were evaluated with descriptive statistics.ResultsMore than half (56.1%) of the students stated that the disaster competencies of nurses should include leadership, manager, and coordinator skills; 42.4% of them indicated the competencies of decision-maker, critical thinking, autonomy, and planning skills. Regarding education, 56.4% of the students considered their education on disaster nursing as “efficient”; however, 35.9% of them considered their education as “partly efficient” or “inefficient.”ConclusionsMany correct concepts related to the definition, features, competencies, and roles of disaster nurses were stated by students. However, low percentages and insufficient statements showed low preparedness for disasters. Curriculum development or redesign is necessary to include content and clinical experiences related to disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:557–561)
Crown sealing and buckling instability during water entry of spheres
Authors: Marston J. O. , Truscott T. T. , Speirs N. B. , Mansoor M. M. , Thoroddsen S. T. 
Published: April 2016

We present new observations from an experimental investigation of the classical problem of the crown splash and sealing phenomena observed during the impact of spheres onto quiescent liquid pools. In the experiments, a 6 m tall vacuum chamber was used to provide the required ambient conditions from atmospheric pressure down to $1/16\text{th}$ of an atmosphere, whilst high-speed videography was exploited to focus primarily on the above-surface crown formation and ensuing dynamics, paying particular attention to the moments just prior to the surface seal. In doing so, we have observed a buckling-type azimuthal instability of the crown. This instability is characterised by vertical striations along the crown, between which thin films form that are more susceptible to the air flow and thus are drawn into the closing cavity, where they atomize to form a fine spray within the cavity. To elucidate to the primary mechanisms and forces at play, we varied the sphere diameter, liquid properties and ambient pressure. Furthermore, a comparison between the entry of room-temperature spheres, where the contact line pins around the equator, and Leidenfrost spheres (i.e. an immersed superheated sphere encompassed by a vapour layer), where there is no contact line, indicates that the buckling instability appears in all crown sealing events, but is intensified by the presence of a pinned contact line.
Anchors and snorkels: heterochrony, development and form in functionally constrained fossil crassatellid bivalves
Authors: Collins Katie S. , Crampton James S. , Neil Helen L. , Smith Euan G. C. , Gazley Michael F. , Hannah Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew growth rate estimates for nine species from three genera of New Zealand Crassatellidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia), combined with existing morphometric ontogenetic descriptions, allow identification of heterochronic processes in the evolution of these genera. Both paedomorphosis (progenesis and neoteny) and peramorphosis (hypermorphosis and acceleration) have occurred within the clade. Overall, morphological variability and response to environmental pressure in this nonsiphonate group is restricted by the interplay of anatomical and life habit constraints. Stability in the substrate, predator avoidance, sluggish burrowing speed, and inability to escape by deep burial are suggested as key drivers of, or constraints on, morphological change. Two groups of shell characters are identified: heavy, armored “anchors” and elongate “snorkels,” which combine juvenile and adult traits in shells of different sizes and ages, produced by heterochronic variation in developmental timing. Anchors and snorkels both represent different “solutions” to the problems of life as a nonsiphonate, infaunal bivalve.
Distribution of energy intake throughout the day and weight gain: a population-based cohort study in Spain
Authors: Hermengildo Ygor , López-García Esther , García-Esquinas Esther , Pérez-Tasigchana Raúl F. , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Guallar-Castillón Pilar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExperimental research suggests that food timing is associated with weight regulation. However, the association between the distribution of energy intake (EI) throughout the day and weight gain in the population is uncertain. A cohort of 4243 individuals (49·9 % men, 50·1 % women) aged ≥18 years was selected in 2008–2010 and followed-up through 2012. At baseline, food consumption for a typical week in the previous year was collected with a validated dietary history, and EI was assessed at six eating occasions: breakfast, mid-morning meal, lunch, mid-afternoon meal, dinner and snacking (at any other moment). Individuals were classified into sex-specific quartiles of %EI for each eating occasion. The cut-off points for increasing quartiles of %EI at lunch were 34·4, 40·8 and 47·7 % in men and 33·2, 39·4 and 46·1 % in women. Weight was self-reported at baseline and at the end of follow-up. During a 3·5-year follow-up, 16·3 % of study participants gained >3 kg. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of %EI at lunch, the multivariate OR of gaining >3 kg was 0·79 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·99) in the second quartile, 0·82 (95 % CI 0·64, 1·04) in the third quartile and 0·62 (95 % CI 0·47, 0·80) in the highest quartile (Ptrend: 0·001). The association was stronger among women and those with overweight or obesity. No association was found between the %EI at the rest of the eating occasions and weight gain. In conclusion, a higher %EI at lunch was associated with a lower risk of weight gain; this may help weight control through the appropriate distribution of daily EI.
Long-term feeding of Atlantic salmon in seawater with low dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids affects tissue status of the brain, retina and erythrocytes
Authors: Sissener N. H. , Torstensen B. E. , Stubhaug I. , Rosenlund G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn two long-term feeding trials in seawater, Atlantic salmon were fed EPA+DHA in graded levels, from 1·3 to 7·4 % of fatty acids (FA, 4–24 g/kg feed) combined with approximately 10 % 18 : 3n-3, at 6 and 12°C. Dietary EPA appeared to be sufficient in all diet groups, as no differences were seen in polar lipid tissue concentrations of either the brain, retina or erythrocytes. For DHA, a reduction in tissue levels was observed with low dietary supply. Effects on brain DHA at ≤1·4 % EPA+DHA of dietary FA and retina DHA at ≤2·7 % EPA+DHA of dietary FA were only observed in fish reared at 6°C, suggesting an effect of temperature, whereas tissue levels of n-6 FA increased as a response to increased dietary n-6 FA in both the brain and the retina at both temperatures. DHA levels in erythrocytes were affected by ≤2·7 % EPA+DHA at both temperatures. Therefore, DHA appears to be the limiting n-3 FA in diets where EPA and DHA are present in the ratios found in fishmeal and fish oil. To assess the physiological significance of FA differences in erythrocytes, the osmotic resistance was tested, but it did not vary between dietary groups. In conclusion, ≤2·7 % EPA+DHA of FA (≤9 g/kg feed) is not sufficient to maintain tissue DHA status in important tissues of Atlantic salmon throughout the seawater production cycle despite the presence of dietary 18 : 3n-3, and effects may be more severe at low water temperatures.
Indices for the assessment of nutritional quality of meals: a systematic review
Authors: Gorgulho B. M. , Pot G. K. , Sarti F. M. , Marchioni D. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to synthesise information on indices developed to evaluate nutritional quality of meals. A strategy for systematic search of the literature was developed using keywords related to assessment of meal quality. Databases searched included ScienceDirect, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar. The literature search resulted in seven different meal quality indices. Each article was analysed in order to identify the following items: authors, country, year, study design, population characteristics, type of meal evaluated, dietary assessment method, characteristics evaluated (nutrients or food items), score range, index components, nutritional references, correlations performed, validation and relationship with an outcome (if existing). Two studies developed instruments to assess the quality of breakfast, three analysed lunch, one evaluated dinner and one was applied to all types of meals and snacks. All meal quality indices reviewed were based on the evaluation of presence or absence of food groups and relative contributions of nutrients, according to food-based guidelines or nutrient references, adapting the daily dietary recommendations to one specific meal. Most of the indices included three items as components for meal quality assessment: (I) total fat or some specific type of fat, (II) fruits and vegetables and (III) cereals or whole grains. This systematic review indicates aspects that need further research, particularly the numerous approaches to assessing meals considering different foods and nutrients, and the need for validation studies of meal indices.