bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of ortho‐Substituted Benzohydroxamic Acids in Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA).
Authors: CHHAYA P. N. , NIMBALKAR M. M. , HOSANGADI B. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ortho‐substituted benzohydroxamic acid derivatives (I), (IV), and (VI) react with PPA to form a variety of different products, depending on the substituents present.
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure Effects on the Excited‐State Reaction Dynamics of cis‐Bis(bipyridine)dichlororhodium(III), cis‐Rh(bpy)2Cl+ 2.
Authors: WIELAND S. , DIBENEDETTO J. , VAN ELDIK R. , FORD P. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pressure effects on the photosubstitution quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes of the title complex are studied over the range 0‐200 MPa in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Cyclization of 2‐Alkyl‐3‐aryl‐2‐cyclohexenones and 2‐Alkoxy‐3‐aryl‐2‐cyclohexenones.
Authors: FEIGENBAUM A. , FORT Y. , PETE J.‐P. , SCHOLLER D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotochemical cyclization of the cyclohexenones (Ia) and (Ib) yields the tricyclic compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Steric Control of Regiochemistry in the Reactions of Methyl‐Substituted Pentadienyl Cations with Isobutene.
Authors: MAYR H. , HEILMANN W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the cations derived from (I) and (IV) with isobutene (II) yields (III) and (V) as the main products and minor amounts of (VI) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Norbornanes. Part 19. The Inductive Model for Norbornyl Cation Formation.
Authors: ALTMANN‐SCHAFFNER E. , GROB C. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn order to study the effect of C‐6 substituents on the solvolysis of endo‐ or exo‐tosylates, the rate constants for alcoholysis (in 80% ethanol) of (I) and its exo‐isomer are measured conductometrically, showing deceleration factors of 28 and 16, respectively compared with the parent compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 2,3‐Dihydrothiophene‐3‐carboxylates from 2(5H)‐Thiophenones via Sequential Cyclization and Ring‐Opening Reactions of 3‐Thiahexa‐1,5‐dienyl Radicals.
Authors: KIESEWETTER R. , MARGARETHA P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe radical (II), generated from (I) by irradiation, is trapped by 2‐butyne to give (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Heavy Carbene Analogs R2M (M = Si, Ge, Sn). Part 11. Reactions of Thermal Generated Dimethylsilylene with C‐C Multiple Bonds.
Authors: APPLER H. , NEUMANN W. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 7‐silanorbornadienes (Ia) and (Ib) thermally generate the dimethylsilylene (III) which can be trapped as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐ and Radiation‐Induced Alkylation of Pyridine Ring with Alkanoic Acid. Effective Alkylation in the Presence of Iron(III) Sulfate.
Authors: SUGIMORI A. , YAMADA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuinoline (IV) and 4‐methylquinoline (I) are efficiently alkylated with alkanoic acids (II) in the presence of iron(III) sulfate upon irradiation with visible light.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,2‐Difluoroesters by Iododifluoroacetate‐Copper with Organic Halides.
Authors: TAGUCHI T. , KITAGAWA O. , MORIKAWA T. , NISHIWAKI T. , UEHARA H. , ENDO H. , KOBAYASHI Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMethyl iododifluoroacetate (I) reacts with the halides (II) in the presence of Cu to give the substitution products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of 2,4,6‐Tris(trimethylsiloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine with Chlorocarbenium Ions: A New Access to 1‐Oxa‐3‐azabutatrienium and 2‐Azaallenium Salts.
Authors: HAMED A. , MUELLER E. + , JOCHIMS J. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title reaction, i.e. the reaction of (II) with (I) or (IX), generally yields 1‐oxa‐3‐azabutatrienium salts of type (IV) ((IVa) is transformed to (VI) on heating and base treatment).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Radical Cyclization of Phenolic Nitronates: Facile Synthesis of Annelated Tropone and Tropolone Derivatives.
Authors: KENDE A. S. , KOCH K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe p‐hydroxyphenyl nitroalkanes (I) react with bases and oxidation reagents to yield the fused tropones (II) or (V) depending on the basicity of the medium.
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxidative Degradation Approach to p‐Quinones.
Authors: SAA J. M. , MOREY J. , RUBIDO C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe p‐hydroxy cyanohydrins (I), the carboxylic acids (IV), or the aldehydes (VI) and (VIII) undergo oxidative degradation on reaction with Fremy's salt (II) to give the p‐quinones (III), (V), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of N‐(1‐Alkinyl)anilines with Sulfonylacetylenes.
Authors: KOSACK S. , HIMBERT G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe furans (III), (V) or (VII) are obtained from the reaction of the alkynes (II), (IV) or (VI) with the corresponding alkynes (I) (in part no yields given).
ChemInform Abstract: Furan and Thiophene Derivatives with Antifungal Properties.
Authors: MALDONADO J. , GHEMRI H. , VANELLE P. , CROZET M. , TIMON‐DAVID P. , JULIEN J.‐M. , GASQUET M. , AUGIER J. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTitle compounds of type (III) are synthesized as described and screened for their biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of 3‐Vinylthiophene.
Authors: ABARCA B. , BALLESTEROS R. , ENRIQUEZ E. , JONES G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (I) reacts with various dienophiles ‐ maleic anhydride (II), methyl acrylate (V), dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (VII) and methyl propiolate (X) ‐ to give the cycloadducts (III), (VI), (VIII), (IX) and (XI)‐(XV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of the Intramolecular Enamine/Enal (Enone) Cycloaddition Reaction and Subsequent Transformations.
Authors: SCHREIBER S. L. , MEYERS H. V. , WIBERG K. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the aldehydes (I) and (V) (prepared from cyclohexene or (+)‐citronellal, resp.) with the amine (II) results in formation of the enamines and intramolecular (4 + 2) cycloaddition to give cis‐fused adducts (III)/(IV) and (VI)/(VII) exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Anomer‐Specificity in the Degradation Reaction of D‐Glucopyranuronic Acid Tetraacetate Leading to Comanic Acid in the Acetic Anhydride‐Base System.
Authors: TAJIMA K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the anomeric D‐glucopyranuronic acid tetraacetate (I) with acetic anhydride in the presence of various bases (II) is investigated; the degradation products (III) ‐ (V) are obtained in different yields, depending on the basicity of the medium.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cycloaddition Reaction Between Styrene and 2,3,4,5‐Tetrahydropyridine 1‐Oxide.
Authors: HOOTELE C. , IBEBEKE‐BOMANGWA W. , DRIESSENS F. , SABIL S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cycloaddition of the title compounds (I) and (II) yields a 98:2 mixture of the diastereoisomeric isoxazolidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene Tetrafluoroborate (BEDT‐TTF)2BF4·CH3CN as a New Organic Metal.
Authors: ZHILYAEVA E. I. , KRASOCHKA O. N. , LYUBOVSKAYA R. N. , LYUBOVSKII R. B. , ATOVMYAN L. O. , KHIDEKEL' M. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (IV) is prepared from the tetrathiafulvalene (I), acetonitrile (II), and copper(II) tetrafluoroborate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6‐Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane‐3,5‐dione Derivatives and 2(1H)‐Pyridinones. ‐ A Contribution to the Regiochemistry and Stereospecificity of 1,4‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Pyrimidinium‐4‐olates to Electron‐Rich and Electron‐Poor Alkenes.
Authors: GOTTHARDT H. , BLUM J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe enolate (I) undergoes 1,4‐dipolar cycloaddition with the title alkenes (II), (IV), (VI) or (VIII) to afford the title diones (III), (V), (VII) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,2‐Trichloronitrosoethylene as Dienophile or Heterodiene in the Diels‐Alder Reaction.
Authors: ASCHERL B. , KRESZE G. , VAERMAN J. L. , VANDENBULCKE‐COYETTE B. , VIEHE H. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (IV) reacts either as a heterodiene with the unsaturated compounds (I), (V), (VII), (X), (XIII) and (XV) to afford the adducts (II), (VI), (VIII), (XI), (XIV) and (XVI), respectively, or as a dienophile with the butadiene (XVII) to give the product (XVIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Aminopyrido(2,3‐c)(1,2,6)thiadiazine 2,2‐Dioxides: Synthesis and Physico‐Chemical Properties.
Authors: GOYA P. , OCHOA C. , PAEZ J. A. , PFLEIDERER W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (IIa)‐(IIf) are obtained by the reactions of the diaminothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide (I) with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds or their acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: 4,4‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐chlorobenzo(d)‐1,3,2‐dioxathiin‐2‐oxide.
Authors: DYACHENKO V. I. , KOLOMIETS A. F. , FOKIN A. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the attempt to exchange the hydroxy group of the α‐hydroxyhexafluoropropyl substituent in the chlorophenol (I) by chlorine in boiling thionyl chloride the cyclic sulfite (II) was obtained instead.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Compounds with Strong Intramolecular Steric Interactions. Part 26. Novel 6‐Membered Rings Generated by Photolysis of Hexa‐tert‐ butylcyclotrisilane in the Presence of Nitriles.
Authors: WEIDENBRUCH M. , SCHAEFER A. + , PETERS K. , VON SCHNERING H. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotolysis of the hexa‐tert‐butylcyclotrisilane (II) in the presence of acetonitrile (Ia) or benzonitrile (Ic) yields the 1,4‐diaza‐2,5‐disilacyclohexadienes (IIIa) and (IIIb), whereas in the presence of pivalonitrile (Ib) the 1,3‐diaza‐2,5‐disilacyclohexadiene (IV) is formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐ and Oxaphosphands, a New Class of Hard/Soft Binucleating Phosphine Macrocycles.
Authors: WEI L. , BELL A. , WARNER S. , WILLIAMS I. D. , LIPPARD S. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the azaphosphand (IV) occurs as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,3,5,2‐Dioxaphosphoniaborinanes with Aldehydes and Nitriles.
Authors: ARBUZOV B. A. , NIKONOV G. N. , BALUEVA A. S. , ERASTOV O. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhenylphosphine (I), the aldehydes (II), and diphenylboronic acid isobutylester (III) are combined to give the title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformation of 2,2‐Disubstituted 5‐Phenyl‐1,3,5‐dioxaphosphorinanes.
Authors: ARBUZOV B. A. , ERASTOV O. A. , IONKII A. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (Ia) reacts with the ketone acetals (II) to give the dioxaphosphorinanes (III), whereas the coupling of (Ia) or (Ib) with the aldehyde acetals (IV) yields the phosphine (V) and the phosphine oxides (VI) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of Sterically Protected Bicyclic 1,2,3‐Selenadiazole.
Authors: ANDO W. , KUMAMOTO Y. , TOKITOH N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bicyclic 1,2,3‐selenadiazole (I) is photolyzed in the presence of the olefins (II), yielding (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Vanadium‐Phosphinidene Complex Exhibiting Vanadium‐Phosphorus Multiple Bonding.
Authors: ARIF A. M. , COWLEY A. H. , PAKULSKI M. , NORMAN N. C. , ORPEN A. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the phosphine (II) with (I) affords the diamagnetic title complex (III), which crystallizes in the space group P1 with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: (7‐Silanorbornadienyl)cyclopentadienyldicarbonyliron Complexes: An Approach to Iron‐Substituted Silylenes.
Authors: MARINETTI‐MIGNANI A. , WEST R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (III) and (IV) are prepared in a two‐step synthesis from the chlorosilacyclopentadiene (I) involving the Diels‐Alder reaction of the silole‐Fe complexes (II) with benzyne or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes of 3,3′‐Oxybis((diphenylphosphino)methylbenzene) with Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Rh(I), and Ag(I). How Important is Blackbone Rigidity in the Formation of trans‐Spanning Bidentate Chelates?
Authors: MARTY W. , KAPOOR P. N. , BUERGI H.‐B. + , FISCHER E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bidentate title diphosphine ligand (I) reacts with appropriate metal salts ((IIIa) in acetone and 2,2‐dimethoxypropane, reflux 10‐60 min; (IIIb) in acetone or MeCN, reflux; (IIIc) in MeCN, reflux) to yield the monomeric trans‐complexes (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Pyrrole Pigments. Part 68. Cation Transport by Tripyrrinoid Ionophores.
Authors: EICHINGER D. , FALK H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tripyrrinic carrier (IIIa) is synthesized from the aldehyde (Ia) and the dipyrromethenone (II) and its carrier properties for cations are measured using bulk membranes.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reactivity of 5,8α‐Epidioxy‐5α‐cholestan‐3β‐yl Acetate in Acetic Acid.
Authors: FUHRER H. , RIHS G. , LORENC L. , BONDARENKO L. , KALVODA J. , MIHAILOVIC M. LJ. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermolysis of the title compound (I) affords the expected 5,10:8,9‐diseco derivative (II) and the rearranged 5α,8α‐epoxide (III) along with a complex mixture of products, which is not further investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of L‐Threonine.
Authors: SOUKUP M. , WIPF B. , HOCHULI E. , LEUENBERGER H. G. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe racemic amido butyrate (Ic) prepared from the oxoester (Ia) via the oxime (Ib) is transformed to the enantiomeric optically active alcohols (IIa)/(IIb) by microbiological reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Cyano‐δ2‐ and ‐δ3‐dihydropyran and ‐thiopyran Derivatives.
Authors: LOPEZ APARICIO F. J. , SANTOYO GONZALEZ F. , GARCIA MENDOZA P. , HERNANDEZ MATEO F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the compounds (I), (III), and (VI) with p‐toluenesulfonic acid in acetic anhydride yields the elimination products (II), (IV), and (V), or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Heptacyclic Aspidosperma Alkaloids. Part 2. Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Obscurinervidine.
Authors: BRENNAN J. P. , SAXTON J. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe total synthesis of the title compound (±)‐(XI), a constituent of Aspidosperma obscurinervium Azambuja and A. neblinae Monachino, can be carried out as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods and Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 65. A Stereoselective Synthesis of Tilivalline.
Authors: MORI S. , AOYAMA T. , SHIOIRI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of tilivalline (Xa), a metabolite from klebsiella, and the related compounds (Xb) and (Xc) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Protected Oligonucleotide Blocks. Applications to Block Condensation on a Polymer Support and Synthesis of a 3′‐Modified Oligonucleotide.
Authors: IWAI S. , KOIZUMI M. , IKEHARA M. , OHTSUKA E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNew protected nucleoside phosphoramidates (III) linked to a polymer support are synthesized by attaching the species (I), the preparation of which is described, to the polymer species (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(4′‐Amino‐4′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxamide, a Carbon‐Linked Nucleoside with a Free Pyrrolidine Sugar.
Authors: KINI G. D. , HENNEN W. J. , ROBINS R. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe α‐L‐lyxopyranoside (I) is transformed into the aminoribopyranoside (IIb) via reduction of the azide (IIa).
Final overall survival results of a randomized trial comparing bortezomib plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin with bortezomib alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Orlowski Robert Z. , Nagler Arnon , Sonneveld Pieter , Bladé Joan , Hajek Roman , Spencer Andrew , Robak Tadeusz , Dmoszynska Anna , Horvath Noemi , Spicka Ivan , Sutherland Heather J. , Suvorov Alexander N. , Xiu Liang , Cakana Andrew , Parekh Trilok , San‐Miguel Jesús F. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDPrevious results from an interim analysis of an open‐label, randomized, phase 3 study demonstrated that bortezomib combined with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) was superior to bortezomib monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who had previously received one or more lines of therapy. Protocol‐defined final survival data from that study are provided here.METHODSPatients were randomized (1:1) to receive either bortezomib alone (1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of every 21‐day cycle) or bortezomib‐PLD (bortezomib plus PLD 30 mg/m2 intravenously on day 4). The primary endpoint was the time to progression. Secondary efficacy endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival, and the overall response rate.RESULTSIn total, 646 patients (bortezomib‐PLD, n = 324; bortezomib alone, n = 322) were randomized between December, 2004, and March, 2006. On the clinical cutoff date (May 16, 2014) for the final survival analysis, at a median follow‐up of 103 months, 79% of patients had died (bortezomib‐PLD group: 253 of 324 patients; 78%; bortezomib alone group: 257 of 322 patients; 80%). The median OS in the bortezomib‐PLD group was 33 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.9‐37.1) versus 30.8 months (95% CI, 25.2‐36.5) in the bortezomib alone group (hazard ratio, 1.047; 95% CI, 0.879‐1.246; P = .6068). Salvage therapies included conventional and novel drugs, which were well balanced between the two treatment groups.CONCLUSIONSDespite inducing a superior time to progression, long‐term follow‐up revealed that PLD‐bortezomib did not improve OS compared with bortezomib alone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The inability to sustain the early observed survival advantage may have been caused by the effects of subsequent lines of therapy, and underscores the need for long‐term follow‐up of phase 3 trials while recognizing the challenge of having adequate power to detect long‐term differences in OS. Cancer 2016;122:2050–6. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Materials for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection
Authors: Tan Xianjun , Melkersson Jenny , Wu Shiqun , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an attractive tool for the sensing of molecules in the fields of chemical and biochemical analysis as it enables the sensitive detection of molecular fingerprint information even at the single‐molecule level. In addition to traditional coinage metals in SERS analysis, recent research on noble‐metal‐free materials has also yielded highly sensitive SERS activity. This Minireview presents the recent development of noble‐metal‐free materials as SERS substrates and their potential applications, especially semiconductors and emerging graphene‐based nanostructures. Rather than providing an exhaustive review of this field, possible contributions from semiconductor substrates, characteristics of graphene enhanced Raman scattering, as well as effect factors such as surface plasmon resonance, structure and defects of the nanostructures that are considered essential for SERS activity are emphasized. The intention is to illustrate, through these examples, that the promise of noble‐metal‐free materials for enhancing detection sensitivity can further fuel the development of SERS‐related applications.
Relational Patterns and the Development of the Alliance: A Systematic Comparison of two Cases
Authors: Schattner Emanuel , Tishby Orya , Wiseman Hadas 
Published: May 2016

A systematic case study approach was taken to explore the impact of client and therapist relational patterns on the development of the therapeutic alliance and symptom reduction in two cases of psychodynamic psychotherapy treated by the same therapist. The cases were selected from a larger sample and represent two distinct trajectories of alliance development: improvement versus deterioration. The comparison was based on participants' ongoing narratives about each other and about significant others, using the Relationship Anecdote Paradigm (RAP) interview. The qualitative findings were triangulated with process and outcome measures assessed at four time points during the year of treatment. We hypothesized that different therapeutic processes, including different handling by the therapist of interpersonal difficulties as they arose in treatment, could explain the two distinct trajectories of alliance development and symptom change within the caseload of one therapist. Results indicate two linked elements that may explain a steady increase in alliance and decrease in symptoms in one case, compared with the second case that started with an increase in alliance and symptom improvement, but gradually reached an impasse and a setback in symptoms. One element was the extent to which client's and therapist's relational patterns clashed, impacting each other negatively. The second was the extent to which differences and disagreements were stated openly and negotiated so that the therapist could flexibly adapt to meet the client's relational patterns in one case versus inability to do so in the other. Implications for training and other psychotherapy orientations are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The interaction of client and therapist relational patterns may be a key factor in the development of the therapeutic alliance and might potentially impact client outcome.
Therapeutic practice will likely be improved if therapists are more aware of their own relational patterns and the ways these interact with their clients' relational patterns.
Striving for this awareness should probably be a main focal point for therapists throughout their careers, in their training, supervisions and personal therapies.
Fundamentals of fractional‐order LTI circuits and systems: number of poles, stability, time and frequency responses
Authors: Semary Mourad S. , Radwan Ahmed G. , Hassan Hany N. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates some basic concepts of fractional‐order linear time invariant systems related to their physical and non‐physical transfer functions, poles, stability, time domain, frequency domain, and their relationships for different fractional‐order differential equations. The analytical formula that calculates the number of poles in physical and non‐physical s‐plane for different orders is achieved and verified using many practical examples. The stability contour versus the number of poles in the physical s‐plane for different fractional‐order systems is discussed in addition to the effect of the non‐physical poles on the steady state responses. Moreover, time domain responses based on Mittag‐Leffler functions for both physical and non‐physical transfer functions are discussed for different cases, which confirm the stability analysis. Many fractional‐order linear time invariant systems based on fractional‐order differential equations have been discussed numerically in both time and frequency domains to validate the previous fundamentals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.