bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Rectus Muscle Expands More Than Medial Rectus Following Maximal Deep Balanced Orbital Decompression
Authors: Gupta Adit , Nobori Alex , Wang Yi , Rootman Daniel , Goldberg Robert 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
It has been reported that extraocular muscles can enlarge following orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease. In this article, the authors studied the changes in extraocular muscles size following maximal deep lateral and medial balanced decompression in a large sample of thyroid eye disease patients.

Methods:
Imaging data were reviewed preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiologic proptosis was assessed. Maximal axial muscle width of the medial and lateral recti was measured.

Results:
Data from 48 consecutive patients (75 orbits) were included. There was a significant increase in the width of both the lateral and medial recti after decompression (p < 0.01). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) change was less for the medial rectus (0.7 mm) than for the lateral (2.7 mm). This difference was significant (p < 0.01). For the lateral rectus, 80% of all decompression surgeries were associated with an increase in width of >1 mm. Mean (SD) proptosis reduction was 8.2 mm (3.4 mm).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that the extraocular muscles enlarge in the most deep lateral wall decompressions. For decompression as performed in this article, expansion tends to be more commonly found and of a greater magnitude in the lateral rectus compared with medial.
Resting-state functional connectivity predicts longitudinal pain symptom change in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a MAPP network study
Authors: Kutch Jason J. , Labus Jennifer S. , Harris Richard E. , Martucci Katherine T. , Farmer Melissa A. , Fenske Sonja , Fling Connor , Ichesco Eric , Peltier Scott , Petre Bogdan , Guo Wensheng , Hou Xiaoling , Stephens Alisa J. , Mullins Chris , Clauw Daniel J. , Mackey Sean C. , Apkarian A. Vania , Landis J. Richard , Mayer Emeran A. ,   for the MAPP Research Network
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Chronic pain symptoms often change over time, even in individuals who have had symptoms for years. Studying biological factors that predict trends in symptom change in chronic pain may uncover novel pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated whether brain functional connectivity measures obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline can predict longitudinal symptom change (3, 6, and 12 months after scan) in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome. We studied 52 individuals with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (34 women, 18 men) who had baseline neuroimaging followed by symptom tracking every 2 weeks for 1 year as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network study. We found that brain functional connectivity can make a significant prediction of short-term (3 month) pain reduction with 73.1% accuracy (69.2% sensitivity and 75.0% precision). In addition, we found that the brain regions with greatest contribution to the classification were preferentially aligned with the left frontoparietal network. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures seemed to be less informative about 6- or 12-month symptom change. Our study provides the first evidence that future trends in symptom change in patients in a state of chronic pain may be linked to functional connectivity within specific brain networks.
Parkinson disease and musculoskeletal pain: an 8-year population-based cohort study
Authors: Lien Wei-Hung , Lien Wei-Chih , Kuan Ta-Shen , Wu Shang-Te , Chen Yi-Ting , Chiu Ching-Ju 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) compared with a control group without the disease. The retrospective cohort study used a subset of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) comprising information on 1 million beneficiaries randomly sampled from the entire population of Taiwan. A total of 490 patients aged 50 and above with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease were identified during a period from 2000 to 2005. Among them, 199 developed MSP after PD. The control group consisted of 1960 participants without PD over the study period randomly selected by matching PD cases according to the date of PD incidence, age, and sex. The study groups were then followed to the end of 2007. Musculoskeletal pain was the end point. The incidence rate ratios of MSP were higher in the PD group than in the control group, representing an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.58). PD was associated with a significantly elevated risk of MSP in all sex and age stratifications, with the highest hazard ratio noted for middle-aged male patients with PD, followed by older male patients with PD. This study showed that the PD may significantly increase the risk of developing MSP. The risk of developing MSP seems to be greatest for middle-aged male patients with PD. Clinicians should be more alert for MSP in patients with PD, and early intervention should be considered.
Sustained improvements in pain, mood, function and opioid use post interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation in patients weaned from high and low dose chronic opioid therapy
Authors: Huffman Kelly L. , Rush Taylor E. , Fan Youran , Sweis Giries W. , Vij Brinder , Covington Edward C. , Scheman Judith , Mathews Manu 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Increased prescribing of opioids for chronic noncancer pain is associated with significant social costs, including overdose and addiction. In this context, there is interest in interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation programs focusing on self-management and minimizing opioid use. This study examined outcomes of patients weaned from opioids in an ICPRP from 2007 to 2012. Participants included 413 patients on high dose chronic opioid therapy (COT; >100 mg), 528 on low dose COT, and 516 not on opioids (NO). Outcomes were assessed at discharge, 6, and 12 months posttreatment through self-report and chart review. One thousand one hundred ninety-four participants completed treatment (81.95%); 86.74% of those on opioids were weaned. High doses were less likely to complete (78.45%) than NO participants (85.27%; P < 0.05). Results showed immediate (P < 0.01) and sustained improvements (P < 0.05) in pain severity, depression, anxiety, and functional impairment with no group differences. Effect sizes ranged from medium to large (Cohen d values 0.57-1.96). Longitudinal medication use data were available for 319 no dose and 417 weaned participants; opioid resumption rates were 10.51% and 30.70% respectively. There were no differences in resumption between the high dose and low dose groups. Logistic regression analyses determined that opioid dose predicted neither treatment completion nor opioid resumption. Anxiety predicted completion, and functional impairment predicted opioid resumption within 1 year of discharge. Results suggest that patients on COT can be successfully weaned with long-term benefits in pain, mood, and function. Targeting anxiety and functional restoration may increase success rates.
Designing an Automatic Subglottic Suction for Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Elhaj Sara Hassan Ali , Khider Mohamed Omer , Hamza Alnazier Osman , Motiri Naif Ahmed Al 
Published: March 2017

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a bacterial pneumonia that develops in patients receiving mechanical ventilator support through an artificial airway (endotracheal tube). In this article, a study and analysis to the side effects of using endotracheal tube during ventilation period have been conducted; the study goal is to select 1 type of photoelectric sensors and use it to design and implement an automatic subglottic suction to prevent ventilation-associated pneumonia by immediately suctioning the area above the inflated balloon and permits aspiration of secretion in the subglottic space. So, a testing of photo detectors become a major of concern; moreover, photoelectric sensor is an equipment used to discover variety of parameters such as distance, absence or presence of an object, and wet area by using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a photoelectric receiver.
In this article, a testing of photoelectric sensors to detect the wet area above the cuff will be done to achieve the goal of designing and implementing automatic subglottic suction.
Corneal Nerve Morphology, Sensitivity, and Tear Neuropeptides in Contact Lens Wear
Authors: Golebiowski Blanka , Chao Cecilia , Stapleton Fiona , Jalbert Isabelle 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine tear neuropeptide levels in contact lens wearers and non-wearers, and to examine relationships with indices of corneal innervation, tear function, and ocular discomfort.

Methods
A cross-sectional, single-visit, investigator-masked pilot study. Assessments included Ocular Comfort Index (OCI), central and mid-peripheral corneal nerve density and morphology (HRT-Rostock), corneal sensitivity (Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer), tear Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration (ELISA), in situ tear osmolarity (TearLab), tear secretion (Phenol Red Thread), and noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT; Keeler Tearscope). Groups were compared using independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, and regional differences assessed using paired t-tests. Associations were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation. Significance was determined at P < .05.

Results
Twenty contact lens wearers (7M:13F, 32 ± 5 years) and 20 non-wearers (7M:13F, 31 ± 5 years) completed the study. OCI score was numerically higher in lens wearers (32.27 ± 5.33) than non-wearers (27.66 ± 9.94). Tear osmolarity was higher [298.0 (IQR 291.0–309.8) vs. 288.5 (282.3–298.3) mOsmol/L; P = .01] whereas NITBUT was lower (9.8 ± 3.4 vs. 13.8 ± 5.6 s; P = .01) in lens wearers compared with non-wearers. Tear neuropeptide concentrations were not different between groups [Substance P 4.29 ng/ml (IQR 1.57–6.05), CGRP 14.89 ng/ml (5.08–59.26)], and there were no differences in nerve morphology or ocular surface sensitivity. Higher nerve density, interconnections, and tortuosity were observed in the central cornea than mid-peripherally (P < .05). OCI score was moderately associated with nerve tortuosity (r = 0.42, P = .01). CGRP was associated with central nerve density (ρ = 0.38, P = .02), as was tear secretion (r = −0.37, P = .02). Nerve interconnections were strongly associated with corneal sensitivity (ρ = 0.64, P < .001).

Conclusions
Relationships were demonstrated between nerve density, tear CGRP, and corneal sensitivity. Markers of corneal neurobiology and sensory function do not appear to be altered in contact lens wear despite worse tear function (osmolarity and stability) in lens wearers. This suggests that mechanisms other than overt changes in corneal innervation regulate tear function during lens wear. The relationship between nerve tortuosity and ocular discomfort requires elucidation.
Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cauchois Aurélie , Paraire François , Lorin de la Grandmaison Geoffroy 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present the case of a reciprocal homicide by stabbing that occurred within an unmarried couple without known history of spousal violence. Each partner killed the other one at the same time and at the same place using kitchen knives. They were both found dead at home lying on the floor after the neighbors heard an argument and screams coming from the couple's apartment, so they called the police and the fire department. The door was locked from the inside, and the fire department was forced to break the door. Two kitchen knives supporting blood traces were found at the scene. At autopsy, both bodies showed multiple stab wounds, and the lethal ones were due to heart injuries. Defense injuries were also found in both bodies. To our knowledge, this is the first case of reciprocal homicide described in the literature. Other manners of death are discussed, including homicide by a third party, homicide-suicide, and suicide pact.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Macaque SEVI-Mediated Enhancement of SIV or SHIV Infection
Authors: Zhou Run-Hong , Guo Le , Liu Jin-Biao , Liu Hang , Hou Wei , Ma Tong-Cui , Wang Xu , Wu Jian-Guo , Ye Li , Ho Wen-Zhe , Li Jie-Liang 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Human semen contains a factor that can enhance HIV infection up to 105-fold in cultures. This factor is termed semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) and is composed of proteolytic fragments (PAP248-286) from prostatic acid phosphatase in semen. In this study, we examined whether macaque SEVI can facilitate simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection. We also studied the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on macaque SEVI-mediated SIV or SHIV enhancement.

Methods:
SIV or SHIV was mixed with different concentrations of macaque SEVI in the presence or absence of EGCG. The mixture was added to cultures of TZM-bl cells or macaque PBMCs. The effect of EGCG on macaque SEVI was measured by Congo-red staining assay and thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and was visualized by a transmission electron microscope.

Results:
We identified that there is one amino acid difference at the site of 277 between human PAP248-286 and macaque PAP248-286. Macaque SEVI significantly enhanced SIV or SHIV infection of TZM-bl cells and macaque PBMCs. EGCG could block macaque SEVI-mediated enhancement of SIV or SHIV infection. Mechanistically, EGCG could degrade the formation of macaque SEVI amyloid fibrils that facilitates HIV attachment to the target cells.

Conclusions:
The finding that macaque SEVI could enhance SIV or SHIV infection indicates the possibility to use the macaque SEVI in vivo studies with the macaque models. In addition, future studies are necessary to examine whether EGCG can be used as an effective microbicide for preventing SIV or SHIV mucosal transmission.
Temporal Patterns and Drug Resistance in CSF Viral Escape Among ART-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Adults
Authors: Mukerji Shibani S. , Misra Vikas , Lorenz David , Cervantes-Arslanian Anna M. , Lyons Jennifer , Chalkias Spyridon , Wurcel Alysse , Burke Deirdre , Venna Nagagopal , Morgello Susan , Koralnik Igor J. , Gabuzda Dana 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape is an increasingly recognized clinical event among HIV-1-infected adults. We analyzed longitudinal data and drug-resistance mutations to characterize profiles of HIV-1-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy with discordant CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels.

Methods:
Forty-one cases of CSF escape defined as detectable CSF HIV-1 RNA when plasma levels were undetectable, or HIV-1 RNA >0.5-log higher in CSF than plasma were identified from Boston Hospitals and National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium (NNTC) from 2005 to 2016.

Results:
Estimated prevalence of CSF escape in Boston and NNTC cohorts was 6.0% and 6.8%, respectively; median age was 50, duration of HIV-1 infection 17 years, CD4 count 329 cells/mm3 and CD4 nadir 21 cells/mm3. Neurological symptoms were present in 30 cases; 4 had repeat episodes of CSF escape. Cases were classified into subtypes based plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in the preceding 24 months: high-level viremia (1000 copies/mL), low-level viremia (LLV: 51–999 copies/mL), and plasma suppression with CSF blip or escape (CSF RNA <200 or ≥200 copies/mL). High-level viremia cases reported more substance abuse, whereas LLV or plasma suppression cases were more neurosymptomatic (81% vs. 53%); 75% of repeat CSF escape cases were classified LLV. M184V/I mutations were identified in 74% of CSF samples when plasma levels were ≤50 copies per milliliter.

Conclusions:
Characteristics frequently observed in CSF escape include HIV-1 infection >15 years, previous LLV, and M184V/I mutations in CSF. Classification based on preceding plasma HIV RNA levels provides a useful conceptual framework to identify causal factors and test therapeutics.
Injection Drug Network Characteristics Are Important Markers of HIV Risk Behavior and Lack of Viral Suppression
Authors: Cepeda Javier A. , Solomon Sunil S. , Srikrishnan Aylur K. , McFall Allison M. , Kumar Muniratnam Suresh , Vasudevan Canjeevaram K. , Anand Santhanam , Celentano David D. , Lucas Gregory M. , Mehta Shruti H. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
People who inject drugs (PWID) who are highly connected within their injection drug networks may be important HIV transmission nodes if they frequently share syringes with other PWID and are not engaged in HIV care. In India, HIV transmission fueled by injection drug use is increasing; however, little is known about the associations between injection network size and syringe sharing and viral suppression.

Methods:
We recruited 14,481 PWID between October 2012 and December 2013 by respondent-driven sampling across 15 sites in India. Interviewer-administered questionnaires assessed network characteristics, substance use, HIV testing experience, and access to health services. We used multilevel logistic regression modeling to evaluate the relationship between injection drug network size and (1) syringe sharing at last injection and (2) viral suppression among HIV-positive participants (<150 copies/mL).

Findings:
The median injection network size was 3 (interquartile range: 1–5), and 7% of participants injected with >10 members in the past 30 days. PWID who had >10 members in their network were 1.65 times (95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 2.42, P = 0.0111) more likely to have shared a syringe at last injection compared with those in the 0–1 members in their drug networks. In addition, individuals with the largest injection drug networks were 31% (95% confidence interval: 0.53 to 0.90, P = 0.006) less likely to be virally suppressed compared with those in the smallest injection drug networks.

Discussion:
Individuals with larger networks may be important in HIV transmission within injection drug networks because they were the most likely to engage in recent syringe sharing and least likely to be virally suppressed.
Burkitt Lymphoma in Adult With Atypical Clinical Presentation Primarily Involving the Oral Soft Tissue
Authors: Garcia Natália Galvão , Rodrigues Moacyr Tadeu Vicente , Aleixo Rodrigo Queiroz , Oliveira Denise Tostes 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the second most common neoplasm of the head and neck after squamous cell carcinoma. However, it accounts for only 3.5% of all malignancies of the oral cavity. Oral lesions are often a component of disseminated disease process that may involve regional lymph nodes or may at times represent the primary extra nodal form of the disease. Although, isolated oral lymphoma in adults is extremely rare, this paper presents a patient with Burkitt lymphoma in an adult male with atypical clinical presentation primarily involving the oral soft tissue. It is believed that the prognosis of Burkitt lymphoma depends on the extent of the disease, the patient's age, and the timing of diagnosis. Therefore, the role of the dentist in the early diagnosis and prompt referral of patients with Burkitt lymphoma cannot be overemphasized.
Transient Global Amnesia: Commentary on Trip Gabriel’s First-Person Account
Authors: Kirshner Howard S. 
Published: March 2017

This paper comments on a companion article, a first-person account of an episode of transient global amnesia written by New York Times reporter Trip Gabriel (Gabriel T. 2017. Cogn Behav Neurol. 30:1-4). Mr Gabriel describes having no memories of a cold, rainy day that he had spent on a sailboat competing in two races. The episode may have been triggered by his exposure to water. Afterward, the skipper recalled that Mr Gabriel had functioned fine on the boat, although after returning to shore he needed help finding his car. When he told his wife over the phone that he could not remember where he lived, she got him home and to the hospital. The staff excluded stroke and other causes of amnesia. He felt some awareness after about 9 hours, and the episode ended after about 23 hours. He has been left with a permanent memory gap of 12 hours.
The commentary on the case outlines the state of knowledge about transient global amnesia. The diagnosis is well established: a witnessed sudden-onset retrograde and anterograde amnesia lasting <24 hours in a fully conscious person who knows who he/she is and has no other cause for amnesia. Triggers include exposure to water, stress, and sexual intercourse. A normal magnetic resonance imaging scan can help with the often challenging differential diagnosis. Apart from the gap in memory, patients recover fully and only 15% to 20% have recurrences. The underlying pathophysiology has not been explained.
Relationship of Cognitive Function to Motor Symptoms and Mood Disorders in Patients With Isolated Dystonia
Authors: Foley Jennifer A. , Vinke R. Saman , Limousin Patricia , Cipolotti Lisa 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To investigate the relationship of dystonia symptoms to cognitive function by comparing cognitive performance in patients with focal (cervical) and generalized dystonia subtypes and examining the differential contributions of severity of symptoms and mood disorders to cognition.

Background:
Studies of the nonmotor syndrome in isolated dystonia have reported evidence of cognitive dysfunction, but the cause of this impairment remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that poor cognitive performance reflects the distracting effects of the motor symptoms and/or a mood disorder.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, we used an extensive battery of cognitive and mood assessments to compare 25 patients with cervical dystonia, 13 patients with generalized dystonia, and 50 healthy controls.

Results:
We found cognitive performance to be independent of all clinical and mood variables. We found no significant differences in cognition between the two dystonia groups. The combined dystonia groups had significant impairment on only one measure of cognitive function, the Trail Making Test. Two patients were also impaired on the Stroop test, and six on the Hayling Sentence Completion Test.

Conclusions:
The nonmotor features of dystonia include subtle cognitive symptoms and high rates of mood disorders, both of which occur independent of motor symptom severity and level of disability. Thus, we would argue that isolated dystonia is a tripartite disorder, with motor, affective, and subtle cognitive features.