bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional‐Thermal‐Conductive Phase Change Composites Enabling Efficient and Durable Water‐Electricity Co‐Generation Beyond Daytime
Authors: Yang Huachao , Hu Zhongkai , Wu Shiwen , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa , Bo Zheng , Xiong Guoping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven water‐electricity co‐generation (WEC) emerges as a viable solution to address global freshwater and energy scarcity. Phase change materials (PCMs)‐based WEC systems have been proposed to solve intermittent solar radiation issues. Nevertheless, WEC performances decline significantly leading to limited operating durations in dark. The study proposes a new concept of directional‐thermal‐conductive PCMs to address above challenges. By precisely regulating hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity distribution of Cu substrates, the structural disorder of boron nitride‐based PCMs is effectively tuned to achieve directional thermal transport. These directional‐thermal‐conductive PCMs exhibit a high phase transition enthalpy of 250.4 J g−1 and a large thermal‐conductivity anisotropy index of 3.24, which improves heat exchange between PCMs and photothermal/thermoelectric, and minimizes transverse heat dissipation simultaneously. Consequently, the directional‐thermal‐conductive PCMs‐based WEC achieves evaporation rates of 2.51 kg m−2 h−1 with power outputs of 1759.7 mW m−2 at 1 sun, among the best performance reported in the state‐of‐the‐art studies. More impressively, its evaporation rate still reaches 0.93 kg m−2 h−1 with a superior power output of 411.0 mW m−2 and a prolonged operation time of 90 minutes in nighttime, significantly surpassing previously‐reported devices with nondirectional‐thermal‐conductive designs. Finally, an omniphobic PVDF membrane is demonstrated that can improve the anti‐fouling performance of WEC systems for prolonged lifespan.
TLR7/8 Activation in Immune Cells and Muscle by RNA‐Containing Immune Complexes: Role in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Myositis
Authors: Wu Yin , Deshpande Aditee , Geraci Nicholas , Budde Petra , Sellers Vera , Velisetty Phanindra , Sun Chia‐Chi , Strand Fatima , Bhavsar Carmina , Niewold Timothy B. , Jensen Mark A. , Kalatskaya Irina , Sarin Kavita Y. , Fiorentino David , Bender Andrew T. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveActivation of endosomal toll‐like receptors (TLRs) is one possible driver of inflammation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). We investigated the potential contribution of TLR7 and TLR8 to IIM pathogenesis.MethodsActivation of TLR7/8 in healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by immune complexes from patients with IIMs and lupus was tested. Autoantibody profiling of patient IgG samples was performed using a 1581 antigen array. TLR7 and/or TLR8 activation by RNA molecules associated with autoantibodies was assessed. Gene expression in human myoblasts and satellite cells following treatment with supernatants from TLR7/8‐activated PBMCs was evaluated by NanoString. C57BL/6 mice were dosed intramuscularly with the TLR7/8 agonist R848 and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing was performed on the muscle to ascertain the cell types responding to TLR7/8 activation and the downstream effects.ResultsOverall, 69 patients with IIMs were included with representation of dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis subsets. Immune complexes from patients with IIMs, as well as autoantibody‐associated RNAs histidyl‐transfer RNA, Y1, Y4, and U1, activated PBMCs to produce interferon‐α and IL‐6 via TLR7/8. Several canonical (Ro60, Ro52, and HIST1H4A) and novel (IL‐36RN) autoreactivities correlated highly with TLR7/8 activation. Supernatants from TLR7/8‐activated PBMCs had a negative impact on human myoblasts and satellite cells. Endothelial cells were activated by R848 in mouse muscle in vivo in addition to immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages.ConclusionOur results suggest that patients with IIMs have autoantibodies in their blood causing TLR7/8 activation, which leads to inflammation in muscles with potential deleterious effects.image
An exploration of metacognitive practices in medical educators
Authors: Cale Andrew S. , McNulty Margaret A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetacognition is the ability to monitor and evaluate one's thoughts about learning and has been shown in some studies to improve the effectiveness of instructors. With dissection‐based gross anatomy, instructors dynamically use their metacognition to monitor student learning and adapt their teaching at tableside. This study explored the metacognition of instructors as they taught in an anatomy course for allied health students. All instructors in a doctoral‐level gross anatomy course at a single institution, including faculty, associate instructors (AIs), and teaching assistants (TAs), were invited to participate. At the start and end of the course, participating instructors completed pre‐ and post‐questionnaires, which included the Teacher Metacognition Inventory (TMI), a 28‐item survey that assesses metacognition as it relates to teaching. After labs, instructors completed reflective journals to provide deeper insight into their metacognition. Reflective journals were then thematically analyzed. Thirteen (52%) instructors participated in this study, including five faculty, three AI, and five TAs. Between the start and end of the course, total TMI score increased from 108.8 to 114.3 (p = 0.046). TAs exhibited the greatest change in total TMI score (Δmean = +11.4) followed by faculty (Δmean = +3.2) and AIs (Δmean = −0.7). Several themes were also identified. For example, TAs were more internally focused on content mastery, whereas faculty were externally focused on interpersonal factors (e.g., inclusive language). These insights into the metacognition of anatomy instructors, though limited in reliability and generalizability, may inform how to best support their professional development. Novices may benefit from content reviews, while experienced instructors may benefit from inclusivity or communications training.
Understanding Drinking Water Quality in Appalachia
Authors: Erfanian Elham , Lee Gi‐Eu , Gomez Dominic 
Published: September 2024

Key TakeawaysWhile the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) applies to all public water systems in the United States, the severity and prevalence of violations vary among locations.A study investigated drinking water quality, indicated by statistics of the SDWA in the 13 Appalachian states from 2010 to 2022, to identify any differences in violations.The need for better water system management and infrastructure in economically disadvantaged regions is clear, along with public education and effective policies.
Silver secnidazole nano‐hybrid emulsion‐based probiotics as a novel antifungal formula against multidrug‐resistant vaginal pathogens
Authors: Mosallam Farag M. , Helmy Eman A. , El‐Bastawisy Hanan S. , El‐Batal Ahmed I. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a novel approach to manage vaginal infections due to Candidiasis, utilizing a novel silver secnidazole nano‐hybrid emulsion (Ag‐Secn‐NHE)‐based probiotics and free Ag‐Secn‐NHE. Ag‐Secn‐NHE was prepared by simple homogenization‒ultrasonication technique and validated by using a ultraviolet‒visible scan, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (RCMB 002Y001) is the most effective probiotic‐producing organism that demonstrates significant effects when combined with Ag‐Secn‐NHE. Ag‐Secn‐NHE‐based probiotics showed significant antifungal effect compared to free Ag‐Secn‐NHE, silver nitrate, silver nanoparticles, secnidazole, secnidazole nanoemulsion, and commercial vaginal wash against multidrug‐resistant vaginal pathogens. The highest inhibitory effect was achieved with Ag‐Secn‐NHE‐based probiotic against Candida auris, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.625 ± 0.002, 0.00625:1.25 ± 0.012 and 0.00625:1.25 ± 0.032 mg/mL, respectively, in comparison with Ag‐Secn‐NHE that show MIC at 0.00625:1.25 ± 0.612, 0.0125:2.5 ± 0.812, and 0.0125:2.5 ± 0.112 mg/mL (Ag:Secn). Ag‐Secn‐NHE‐based‐ probiotic show minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) at range from 2.5 to 20 mg/mL, wherever free Ag‐Secn‐NHE show MFC range from 5 to >20 mg/mL. Additionally, Ag‐Secn‐NHE‐based probiotics have 75% inhibition of biofilm formation against C. auris and 60% inhibition of biofilm formation against both Cryptococcus neoformans and C. albicans in comparison with free Ag‐Secn‐NHE. Time‐kill curves showed that the antifungal effect of Ag‐Secn‐NHE‐based probiotics was fungistatic at 2MIC value after 4 h and after 16 h for Ag‐Secn‐NHE. TEM photographs showed that C. auris cells treated with Ag‐Secn‐NHE‐based probiotic formula revealed severe deformations and distored ultrastructural changes. furthermore, results indicated that the Gamma radiation up to 15 kGy increases production of Ag‐Secn‐NHE in comparison with non‐irradiated one.
A critical analysis of Athena Swan as a policy‐scoring scheme
Authors: Armstrong John , Sullivan Alice 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAthena Swan was established in 2005 with the goal of advancing the careers of women in STEMM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine) subjects in higher education. Since then, it has expanded its remit in various ways and has generated some controversy. This paper explains how Athena Swan operates as a policy‐scoring scheme, requiring universities to submit plans for policy improvement in order to receive a bronze, silver or gold award. We explain that the implications of rewarding plans for improvement have not been widely understood. We document Athena Swan's changing policies on sex and data collection, which for a period discouraged data collection on sex. We demonstrate the way in which activists were able to capture Athena Swan's policy development process and argue that policy‐scoring schemes can lead to groupthink and pose risks to academic freedom. The outsourcing of equalities work to such schemes does not encourage evidence‐based prioritisation and discussion of the needs of competing characteristics.
Inclusive business and partnerships: Enhancing value creation for producers in the global south
Authors: Weng Xiaoxue , Pokorny Benno , Schoneveld George C. , Mutayoba Geofrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInclusive businesses (IBs) are promoted to alleviate poverty and contribute to sustainable development at the base of the pyramid (BOP). In the agri‐food sector, there is limited evidence regarding what types of partnerships enhance IBs' value creation potential for low‐income producers. This prevents policymakers from providing effective support to IBs and leveraging their full potential for sustainable development. To understand what types of partnerships are more effective for social value creation, this paper conducts a mixed‐method analysis of 46 cases from Tanzania and Ghana. It finds that transactional partnerships create efficient IB networks that require limited external support. Such IBs, however, generally undertake business‐as‐usual activities. In contrast, IBs adopt more innovative business models when their partners are integrated in decision‐making and strategic planning. Such IBs, however, often require tailored support to resolve their inter‐ and intra‐organizational challenges. This paper suggests practical considerations for designing IB partnerships to maximize impact potential.
Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Dioscorea bulbifera: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Narzary Christina , Sarkar Dhrubajyoti , Das Priyanka , Papi Dakme 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDioscorea bulbifera (Family: Dioscoreaceae) also referred to as ′Air potato,′ carries significant importance in the traditional medicine of China, West Africa and India. It is a common ingredient in numerous herbals and Ayurvedic formulations used to treat a variety of ailments. The literature review extensively examined the historical usage, phytoconstituents, characterisation of phytoconstituents, and medicinal uses of tubers, leaves, rhizomes and bulbils, with a particular focus on comparing research findings. Among the bioactive constituents, aglycone forms of steroidal saponins such as dioscorine, dioscin, diosbulbins, and diosgenin exhibit significant biological activities. Extracts from different parts of the plant exhibited pharmacological activities like anti‐viral, anti‐malarial, analgesic, antidiabetic, and anticancer. It is necessary to conduct an in‐depth investigation to bridge between traditional knowledge and scientific evidence. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the ethnobotany, phytoconstituent, chemical characterization and pharmacological potential of D. bulbifera, highlighting its prospects and challenges for future research and medicinal application.
A New Triketone Ligand for Extraction of Lithium from Brines**
Authors: Evans Barbara R. , Popovs Ilja , Johnson Katherine R. , Einkauf Jeffrey D. , Moyer Bruce A. , Paranthaman Mariappan Parans 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecovery of lithium from brines by liquid‐liquid solvent extraction (LLE) with diketones and synergistic co‐ligands has been investigated for decades, but industrial application has been limited. In pursuit of a ligand with improved properties, a series of ketonamides with beta‐carbonyl groups were designed, synthesized, and tested in extraction of lithium from sulfate and carbonate simulants of clay mineral tailing leachates. The best performing ligand, a novel tricarbonyl amide, was characterized for lithium extraction with and without four synergistic co‐ligands. The tricarbonyl amide combined with the synergistic co‐ligand Cyanex‐923 was absorbed on a resin support. The ligand‐modified resin was tested for performance in extraction of dilute brine simulants and up to 60 % recovery of lithium was achieved.
Explainable Deep Learning Approach for High Impedance Fault Localization in Resonant Distribution Networks Considering Quantization Noise
Authors: Gao Jian‐Hong , Guo Mou‐Fa , Lin Shuyue , Hong Qiteng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn addressing the quantization noise challenge in high impedance fault (HIF) localization within resonant distribution networks, we propose a cutting‐edge, explainable deep learning approach that significantly advances existing methods. This approach utilizes differential zero‐sequence voltage (DZSV) and zero‐sequence current (ZSC) and introduces a novel “Vague” classification to improve localization accuracy by effectively managing quantization noise‐distorted signals. This approach extends beyond the conventional binary classification of “Fault” and “Sound,” incorporating a multi‐scale feature attention (MFA) mechanism for enriched internal explainability and applying gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) to visualize critical input areas precisely. Our model, validated in an industrial prototype, exhibits unparalleled adaptability across various environmental conditions, including environmental noise, variable sampling rates, and triggering deviations. Comparative analysis reveals that our approach outperforms existing methods in managing diverse fault scenarios.
The Stenhouse legacy and the development of an applied research in education tradition
Authors: Elliott John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the nature of the legacy that Lawrence Stenhouse bequeathed in the field of curriculum development and research, particularly in relation to his idea of ‘the teacher as researcher’. In the process, it explores the contemporary relevance of this legacy to those who are currently attempting to rethink and re‐enact the relationship between teachers and the school curriculum in a policy context. It also explores the impact of Stenhouse's work on the development of a collaborative action research movement within the United Kingdom and beyond. The author distinguishes a particular strand of collaborative action research which he depicts as the neo‐Stenhouse tradition of applied research in education and distinguishes from the Stenhouse legacy as such. This distinction is based on a recognition that Stenhouse's legacy and idea of ‘the teacher as researcher’ was a work in progress, which he himself acknowledged. Drawing on ambiguities in Stenhouse's thinking about the relationships between educational theory and practice and between teachers and researchers, the author argues that there are strong conceptual links between Stenhouse's idea of ‘the teacher as researcher’ and his account of case study as a method of applied research in education. The paper concludes with an argument for the contemporary relevance of Stenhouse's work, and the tradition of applied research in education he wanted to establish, in policy contexts where curriculum development and research is dominated by a performative model of rationality.
Meristic co‐evolution and genomic co‐localization of lateral line scales and vertebrae in Central American cichlid fishes
Authors: Ehemann Nicolas , Franchini Paolo , Meyer Axel , Hulsey C. Darrin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMeristic traits are often treated as distinct phenotypes that can be used to differentiate and delineate recently diverged species. For instance, the number of lateral line scales and vertebrae, two traits that vary substantially among Neotropical Heroine cichlid species, have been previously suggested to co‐evolve. These meristic traits could co‐evolve due to shared adaptive, developmental, or genetic factors. If they were found to be genetically or developmentally non‐independent, this might require a more general re‐evaluation of their role in evolutionary or taxonomic studies. We expanded a previous analysis of correlated evolution of meristic traits (lateral line scales and vertebrae counts) in these fishes to include a range of phylogenetic reconstructions as well as the analyses of 13 Nicaraguan Midas cichlid species (Amphilophus spp.). Additionally, we performed qualitative traits locus (QTL) mapping in a F2 laboratory‐reared hybrid population from two ecologically divergent Midas cichlid fish species to discover and evaluate whether genomic co‐segregation might explain the observed patterns of meristic co‐evolution. Meristic values for these traits were found to morphologically differentiate some species of the Midas cichlid adaptive radiation. Our QTL analysis pinpointed several genomic regions associated with divergence in these traits and highlighted the potential for genomic co‐segregation of the lateral line and vertebrae numbers on two chromosomes. Further, our phylogenetic comparative analyses consistently recovered a significant positive evolutionary correlation between the counts of lateral line scale and vertebrae numbers in Neotropical cichlids. Hence, the findings of genomic co‐segregation could partially explain the co‐evolution of these two meristic traits in these species. Continuing to unravel the genetic architecture governing meristic divergence helps to better understand both trait correlations and the utility of meristic traits in taxonomic diagnoses and how traits in phenotypes might be expected to co‐evolve.
How Fisheries Biologists Can Facilitate the Clean Energy Transition
Authors: Pracheil Brenda , Chalishazar Vishvas , Jager Henriette , De Silva Thushara , McDavitt William , McCoskey Dana , Jackson Kathryn , Bockenhauer Samuel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fisheries and aquatic biologists play a critical role in creating environmentally protective hydropower flow requirements that govern flow timing, frequency, magnitude, and rate of change. Hydropower's role in the U.S. electrical grid is expected to evolve in response to increased wind and solar generation as hydropower will be called upon to quickly ramp up and down in response to changes in wind and solar generation. For this reason, hydropower is expected to have increased value as fossil generation is phased out, even as rapid flow fluctuations linked with hydropower flexibility may strand fish, alter habitat, and create unsafe recreational conditions. We face a new challenge in facilitating the renewable energy transition—designing environmental flow requirements that protect against the impacts of flow fluctuations while allowing adequate hydropower flexibility to support a stable grid. In this paper, we discuss hydropower environmental flow requirements, operational flexibility, and electrical grid stability, their potential interactions, and opportunities to align environmental and power system needs to support healthy ecosystems, multiple water uses, and decarbonization of the electric grid.
The effect of parental health shocks on living arrangements and employment
Authors: Bergeot Julien , Ferrari Irene , Gao Ya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of health shocks among older individuals on the dynamics of their living arrangements in Europe and the United States. Exploiting unpredicted health shocks, we use an event‐study difference‐in‐differences approach to demonstrate that health shocks increase difficulties with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, thereby increasing the need for care. Our findings indicate that health shocks raise the probability of nursing home residency and co‐residence with adult children by 0.7 and 1.4 percentage points in Europe, and by 2.1 and 1.8 percentage points in the U.S., respectively. Further analyses reveal that more generous long‐term care public policies correlate with a higher probability of nursing home residency and a lower probability of co‐residing with adult children, highlighting the significant role of public policies in household responses to health shocks. Additionally, we find that health shocks negatively impact adult children's labor supply, particularly in the U.S.
How does board gender diversity drive the ESG performance‐cash holdings relationship? Evidence from China
Authors: Marie Mohamed , Qi Baolei , Elamer Ahmed A. , Khatatbeh Ibrahim N. , Al‐Fakir Al Rabab'a Eltayyeb 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of board gender diversity on the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and corporate cash holdings in Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2015 to 2022. Our research shows that ESG performance is positively associated with cash holdings. Drawing on critical mass theory, the study finds a moderating effect of board gender diversity in the relationship between ESG performance and the cash‐holding relationship. Specifically, the study finds a negative relation between ESG performance and cash holdings with the presence of a single female board member. However, this relationship shifts to a highly positive association when three or more female directors are on the board, underscoring the significant impact of gender diversity. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that firms with a younger age profile and a strong commitment to green innovation exhibit a negative relationship between ESG performance and cash holdings. These findings highlight the complex and dynamic nature of the ESG performance‐cash holdings relationship, which varies according to specific firm characteristics. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the multifaceted dynamics of ESG factors, enhancing our understanding of their impact on corporate financial strategies.