bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Nanoscale Seed Layers on the Enhanced Performance of Niobium doped TiO2 Thin Films on Glass
Authors: Nikodemski Stefan , Dameron Arrelaine A. , Perkins John D. , O’Hayre Ryan P. , Ginley David S. , Berry Joseph J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTransparent conducting oxide (TCO) coatings with decreased cost and greater process or performance versatility are needed for a variety of optoelectronic applications. Among potential new TCO candidates, doped titanium dioxide is receiving particular interest. In this study, niobium-doped titania bilayer structures consisting of a nanoscale seed layer (deposited by atomic layer deposition or RF magnetron sputtering) followed by a thick bulk-like layer were grown directly on glass in order to examine the effects of the seed layer processing on the subsequent crystallization and electrical properties of these heterostructures. Observations from Raman spectroscopy suggest that higher oxygen content in the seed layer suppresses the formation of detrimental titania polymorph phases, found in films produced by annealing directly after synthesis without any exposure to oxygen. Furthermore, our results indicate that the generation of excellent Nb:TiO2 conductors on glass (without breaking vacuum) only occurs within a narrow processing range and that the sequential deposition of oxygen-poor layers on oxygen-rich layers is a critical step towards achieving films with low resistivity.
Application of optically-induced-dielectrophoresis in microfluidic system for purification of circulating tumour cells for gene expression analysis- Cancer cell line model
Authors: Chiu Tzu-Keng , Chou Wen-Pin , Huang Song-Bin , Wang Hung-Ming , Lin Yung-Chang , Hsieh Chia-Hsun , Wu Min-Hsien 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCirculating tumour cells (CTCs) in a blood circulation system are associated with cancer metastasis. The analysis of the drug-resistance gene expression of cancer patients’ CTCs holds promise for selecting a more effective therapeutic regimen for an individual patient. However, the current CTC isolation schemes might not be able to harvest CTCs with sufficiently high purity for such applications. To address this issue, this study proposed to integrate the techniques of optically induced dielectrophoretic (ODEP) force-based cell manipulation and fluorescent microscopic imaging in a microfluidic system to further purify CTCs after the conventional CTC isolation methods. In this study, the microfluidic system was developed, and its optimal operating conditions and performance for CTC isolation were evaluated. The results revealed that the presented system was able to isolate CTCs with cell purity as high as 100%, beyond what is possible using the previously existing techniques. In the analysis of CTC gene expression, therefore, this method could exclude the interference of leukocytes in a cell sample and accordingly contribute to higher analytical sensitivity, as demonstrated in this study. Overall, this study has presented an ODEP-based microfluidic system capable of simply and effectively isolating a specific cell species from a cell mixture.
Proliferation of Perivascular Macrophages Contributes to the Development of Encephalitic Lesions in HIV-Infected Humans and in SIV-Infected Macaques
Authors: Filipowicz Adam R. , McGary Christopher M. , Holder Gerard E. , Lindgren Allison A. , Johnson Edward M. , Sugimoto Chie , Kuroda Marcelo J. , Kim Woong-Ki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate if macrophage proliferation occurs in the brain during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of adult macaques. We examined the expression of the Ki-67 proliferation marker in the brains of uninfected and SIV-infected macaques with or without encephalitis. Double-label immunohistochemistry using antibodies against the pan-macrophage marker CD68 and Ki-67 showed that there was a significant increase in CD68+Ki-67+ cells in macaques with SIV encephalitis (SIVE) compared to uninfected and SIV-infected animals without encephalitis, a trend that was also confirmed in brain samples from patients with HIV encephalitis. Multi-label immunofluorescence for CD163 and Ki-67 confirmed that the vast majority of Ki-67+ nuclei were localized to CD163+ macrophages in perivascular cuffs and lesions. The proliferative capacity of Ki-67+ perivascular macrophages (PVM) was confirmed by their nuclear incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. Examining SIVE lesions, using double-label immunofluorescence with antibodies against SIV-Gag-p28 and Ki-67, showed that the population of Ki-67+ cells were productively infected and expanded proportionally with lesions. Altogether, this study shows that there are subpopulations of resident PVM that express Ki-67 and are SIV-infected, suggesting a mechanism of macrophage accumulation in the brain via PVM proliferation.
The demonstration of significant ferroelectricity in epitaxial Y-doped HfO2 film
Authors: Shimizu Takao , Katayama Kiliha , Kiguchi Takanori , Akama Akihiro , Konno Toyohiko J. , Sakata Osami , Funakubo Hiroshi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFerroelectricity and Curie temperature are demonstrated for epitaxial Y-doped HfO2 film grown on (110) yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ) single crystal using Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) as bottom electrodes. The XRD measurements for epitaxial film enabled us to investigate its detailed crystal structure including orientations of the film. The ferroelectricity was confirmed by electric displacement filed – electric filed hysteresis measurement, which revealed saturated polarization of 16 μC/cm2. Estimated spontaneous polarization based on the obtained saturation polarization and the crystal structure analysis was 45 μC/cm2. This value is the first experimental estimations of the spontaneous polarization and is in good agreement with the theoretical value from first principle calculation. Curie temperature was also estimated to be about 450 °C. This study strongly suggests that the HfO2-based materials are promising for various ferroelectric applications because of their comparable ferroelectric properties including polarization and Curie temperature to conventional ferroelectric materials together with the reported excellent scalability in thickness and compatibility with practical manufacturing processes.
HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation
Authors: Rouhiainen Ari , Zhao Xiang , Vanttola Päivi , Qian Kui , Kulesskiy Evgeny , Kuja-Panula Juha , Gransalke Kathleen , Grönholm Mikaela , Unni Emmanual , Meistrich Marvin , Tian Li , Auvinen Petri , Rauvala Heikki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHMGB4 is a new member in the family of HMGB proteins that has been characterized in sperm cells, but little is known about its functions in somatic cells. Here we show that HMGB4 and the highly similar rat Transition Protein 4 (HMGB4L1) are expressed in neuronal cells. Both proteins had slow mobility in nucleus of living NIH-3T3 cells. They interacted with histones and their differential expression in transformed cells of the nervous system altered the post-translational modification statuses of histones in vitro. Overexpression of HMGB4 in HEK 293T cells made cells more susceptible to cell death induced by topoisomerase inhibitors in an oncology drug screening array and altered variant composition of histone H3. HMGB4 regulated over 800 genes in HEK 293T cells with a p-value ≤0.013 (n = 3) in a microarray analysis and displayed strongest association with adhesion and histone H2A –processes. In neuronal and transformed cells HMGB4 regulated the expression of an oligodendrocyte marker gene PPP1R14a and other neuronal differentiation marker genes. In conclusion, our data suggests that HMGB4 is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers.
An extended patch-dynamic framework for food chains in fragmented landscapes
Authors: Liao Jinbao , Chen Jiehong , Ying Zhixia , Hiebeler David E. , Nijs Ivan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHabitat destruction, a key determinant of species loss, can be characterized by two components, patch loss and patch fragmentation, where the former refers to the reduction in patch availability, and the latter to the division of the remaining patches. Classical metacommunity models have recently explored how food web dynamics respond to patch loss, but the effects of patch fragmentation have largely been overlooked. Here we develop an extended patch-dynamic model that tracks the patch occupancy of the various trophic links subject to colonization-extinction-predation dynamics by incorporating species dispersal with patch connectivity. We found that, in a simple food chain, species at higher trophic level become extinct sooner with increasing patch loss and fragmentation due to the constraint in resource availability, confirming the trophic rank hypothesis. Yet, effects of fragmentation on species occupancy are largely determined by patch loss, with maximal fragmentation effects occurring at intermediate patch loss. Compared to the spatially explicit simulations that we also performed, the current model with pair approximation generates similar community patterns especially in spatially clustered landscapes. Overall, our extended framework can be applied to model more complex food webs in fragmented landscapes, broadening the scope of existing metacommunity theory.
Enhancing the Surface Sensitivity of Metallic Nanostructures Using Oblique-Angle-Induced Fano Resonances
Authors: Lee Kuang-Li , Chang Chia-Chun , You Meng-Lin , Pan Ming-Yang , Wei Pei-Kuen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSurface sensitivity is an important factor that determines the minimum amount of biomolecules detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. We propose the use of oblique-angle-induced Fano resonances caused by two-mode coupling or three-mode coupling between the localized SPR mode and long-range surface plasmon polariton modes to increase the surface sensitivities of silver capped nanoslits. The results indicate that the coupled resonance between the split SPR (−kSPR) and cavity modes (two-mode coupling) has a high wavelength sensitivity for small-angle incidence (2°) due to its short decay length. Additionally, three-mode coupling between the split SPR (−kSPR), substrate (+kSub) and cavity modes has a high intensity sensitivity for large-angle incidence due to its short decay length, large resonance slope and enhanced transmission intensity. Compared to the wavelength measurement, the intensity measurement has a lower detectable (surface) concentration below 1 ng/ml (0.14 pg/mm2) and is reduced by at least 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, based on the calibration curve and current system noise, a theoretical detection limit of 2.73 pg/ml (0.38 fg/mm2) can be achieved. Such a surface concentration is close to that of prism-based SPR with phase measurement (0.1–0.2 fg/mm2 under a phase shift of 5 mdeg).
Hydroclimatic contrasts over Asian monsoon areas and linkages to tropical Pacific SSTs
Authors: Xu Hai , Lan Jianghu , Sheng Enguo , Liu Bin , Yu Keke , Ye Yuanda , Shi Zhengguo , Cheng Peng , Wang Xulong , Zhou Xinying , Yeager Kevin M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKnowledge of spatial and temporal hydroclimatic differences is critical in understanding climatic mechanisms. Here we show striking hydroclimatic contrasts between northern and southern parts of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (ETP), and those between East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and Indian summer monsoon (ISM) areas during the past ~2,000 years. During the Medieval Period, and the last 100 to 200 years, the southern ETP (S-ETP) area was generally dry (on average), while the northern ETP (N-ETP) area was wet. During the Little Ice Age (LIA), hydroclimate over S-ETP areas was wet, while that over N-ETP area was dry (on average). Such hydroclimatic contrasts can be broadly extended to ISM and EASM areas. We contend that changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the tropical Pacific Ocean could have played important roles in producing these hydroclimatic contrasts, by forcing the north-south movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and intensification/slowdown of Walker circulation. The results of sensitivity experiments also support such a proposition.
Design and implementation of a new digital automatic gain control
Authors: Tisserand E. , Berviller Y. 
Published: September 2016

A new design method of an all‐digital automatic gain control easy to implement is described and tested. The discretisation of the instantaneous gain provides a recursive form that merges the exponential function with the level detection. The first proposed circuit is well adapted for a software implementation. It comprises a simple control loop and two multipliers. It does neither contain digital filter nor divider and its setting only requires a loop gain parameter. Some tests were conducted on real digital audio signals with a dynamic range of 80 dB and they validate this approach. Under some conditions, the second circuit can even be simpler since it requires only one multiplier. It is well adapted to an field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation for high speed signal processing.
Promoting Breast Milk Nutrition in Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Burca Nicole Diane L. , Gephart Sheila M. , Miller Connie , Cote Catherine 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The orofacial defect of cleft lip/palate (CL/P) involves an altered physiological anatomy that affects the infant's feeding ability. Infants have cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), or both (CL/P). Dysfunction in the seal, as with cleft lip, or in the ability to coordinate muscle movement to generate negative pressure, as with cleft palate, leads to feeding issues that may compromise growth and affect bonding.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to present (1) scientific evidence that supports clinical feeding practices for the infant with CL/P and (2) teaching strategies for staff and parents.

Methods:
Evidence was synthesized using a narrative review of randomized controlled trials, qualitative studies, systematic reviews, professional guidelines, and position statements. Findings were used to present specialized equipment and feeding techniques to support human milk feeding.

Findings:
Special considerations for feeding infants with CL/P include assessing the infant's sucking ability, demonstrating proper breastfeeding positioning, supporting mothers to establish and maintain their milk supply, considering adaptive feeding equipment (ie, specialized bottles and nipples), and education about the benefits of human milk.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Support from healthcare professionals, particularly lactation specialists and nursing staff, is critical. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk should be prioritized and supported. Research is needed to explore environmental, genetic, and nutritional causes (eg, folic acid deficiency) of orofacial defects.
Leptospermum Honey for Wound Care in an Extremely Premature Infant
Authors: Esser Media 
Published: September 2016

Background/Introduction to Case:
Neonatal wound care is challenging due to the fragility and vulnerable skin structure. Neonates are often left susceptible to the forces of their environment, leaving them open to infection when skin injury occurs. Leptospermum honey has been used successfully in adult patients, with evidence lacking in the neonatal population. This case demonstrates the management of a difficult-to-heal wound in a 23-week gestation infant.

Purpose:
Selecting the proper treatment and products for wound healing is challenging, with little evidence-based research available for the treatment of neonatal wounds. Leptospermum honey and other adult-driven dressings have been used for neonatal wound care as well as other adult-driven dressings. This case demonstrates the benefits of Leptospermum honey as an option for neonatal wounds.

Case Findings/Results:
This case presents the treatment and healing of an extensive wound of a 23-week gestation neonate using a hydrogel product initially and then transitioning to a Leptospermum honey dressing due to suboptimal healing. Results of this treatment included quick healing time, little to no scarring, and no loss of movement or function to the affected extremities.

Implications for Practice:
The incorporation of Leptospermum honey for wound care has the potential to promote faster wound healing, with less scarring in the neonatal population.

Implications for Research:
Adult wound care principles have been applied in the face of a weak evidence base relating to neonatal-specific cases. There is a need for continued research related to moist wound healing in the neonatal population, with resulting product and practice recommendations.
Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index Scores Are Associated With Increased Hospital Length of Stay After Lower Extremity Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Lakomkin Nikita , Kothari Parth , Dodd Ashley C. , VanHouten Jacob P. , Yarlagadda Mahesh , Collinge Cory A. , Obremskey William T. , Sethi Manish K. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between preoperative Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and postoperative length of stay (LOS) for lower extremity and hip/pelvis orthopaedic trauma patients.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Urban level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
A total of 1561 patients treated for isolated lower extremity and pelvis fractures between 2000 and 2012.

Interventions:
Surgical intervention for fractures

Main Outcome Measurements:
The main outcome metric was LOS. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between CCI and LOS while controlling for significant confounders.

Results:
One thousand five hundred sixty-one patients met the inclusion criteria, 1302 (83.4%) of which had lower extremity injuries and 259 (16.6%) experienced hip/pelvis trauma. A total of 1001 (64.1%) patients presented with a CCI score of 1 and stayed an average of 7.9 days. Patients with a CCI of 3 experienced a mean LOS of 1.2 days longer than patients presenting with a CCI of 1, whereas patients presenting with a CCI score of 5 stayed an average of 4.6 days longer. After controlling for age, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, sex, anesthesia type, and anesthesia time, a higher preoperative CCI was found to be associated with longer LOS for patients with lower extremity fractures (Incidence Rate Ratio: 1.04, P = 0.01). No significant association was found between CCI and LOS for patients with hip/pelvic fractures.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the potential utility of the CCI as a predictor of hospital LOS for lower extremity patients; however, the association may be small given the smaller Incidence Rate Ratio value. Further studies are needed to clarify the predictive value of the CCI for different types of orthopaedic injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete.
Strategies for Providing Spiritual Care & Support to Nursing Students
Authors: Milner Kerry A. , Foito Kim , Watson Sherylyn 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
Nurse educators need to equip nursing students with suitable resources and education so they can develop their own spiritual care, as well as recognize spiritual care needs in patients. There is a paucity of literature on teaching strategies for spiritual care and prayer in undergraduate nursing programs. This article describes how one faith-based school implemented strategies to facilitate spiritual development in students, which are integrated throughout the curriculum and utilized in the U.S. and a study-abroad program in Ireland.
Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Koetting Cathy 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
Life trauma is highly correlated with an increased risk of mortality from chronic disease. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an evidence-based approach to deliver healthcare in a way that recognizes and responds to the long-term health effects of the experience of trauma in patients' lives. Four essential features and six defining concepts delineate a TIC approach to healthcare. Nurses can realize the benefits and learn the tenets of TIC to deliver superior care to patients with chronic illness.
Secondary-structure prediction revisited: Pβ and Pc represent structures of amyloids and aid elucidating phenomena in interspecies transmissions of prion
Authors: Taguchi Yuzuru , Nishida Noriyuki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrion is a unique infectious agent which consists solely of abnormally-folded prion protein (PrPSc) but possesses virus-like features, e.g. existence of strain diversity, adaptation to new hosts and evolutionary changes. These biological phenomena were attributed to the structural properties of PrPScdue to lack of genetic material of prion. Therefore, regardless of incompatibility with high-resolution structural analysis, many structural models of PrPSchave been hypothesized based on limited structural information and, recently, models consisting solely of β-sheets and intervening loops/kinks have been suggested, i.e. parallel in-register β-sheet models and β-solenoid model. Given the relatively simple structural models of PrPSc, we utilized values of theoretical β-sheet or random-coil propensity (Pβ or Pc, respectively) calculated by secondary structure prediction with a neural network to analyze interspecies transmissions of prion, because numerical conversion of the primary structures would enable quantitative comparison between PrP with distinct primary structures. Reviewing experiments in the literature, we ascertained biological relevance of Pβ and Pc and demonstrated how those parameters could aid interpretation and explain phenomena in interspecies transmissions. Our approach can lead to development of a versatile tool for investigation of not only prion but also other amyloids.
Power Analysis of Single Cell RNA-Sequencing Experiments
Authors: Svensson Valentine , Natarajan Kedar Nath , Ly Lam-Ha , Miragaia Ricardo J , Labalette Charlotte , Macaulay Iain C , Cvejic Ana , Teichmann Sarah A 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigh-throughput single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become an established and powerful method to investigate transcriptomic cell-to-cell variation, and has revealed new cell types, and new insights into developmental process and stochasticity in gene expression. There are now several published scRNA-seq protocols, which all sequence transcriptomes from a minute amount of starting material. Therefore, a key question is how these methods compare in terms of sensitivity of detection of mRNA molecules, and accuracy of quantification of gene expression. Here, we assessed the sensitivity and accuracy of many published data sets based on standardized spike-ins with a uniform raw data processing pipeline. We developed a flexible and fast UMI counting tool (https://github.com/vals/umis) which is compatible with all UMI based protocols. This allowed us to relate these parameters to sequencing depth, and discuss the trade offs between the different methods. To confirm our results, we performed experiments on cells from the same population using three different protocols. We also investigated the effect of RNA degradation on spike-in molecules, and the average efficiency of scRNA-seq on spike-in moleculesversusendogenous RNAs.