bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Fracture Toughness of Adhesive Resin Cement—Lithium‐Disilicate/Resin‐Composite Blocks
Authors: Mesmar Samer , Ruse N. Dorin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeResin composite blocks (RCB) are advocated as alternative to ceramic blocks (CB). Prior to use, adherence to these materials should characterized. This study aimed to test the null hypothesis (H0) that material and surface treatment combinations do not influence interfacial fracture toughness (KIC) of a self‐cured adhesive resin cement [RelyX Ultimate (RXU)] to RCB or CB, under nonaged and aged conditions.Materials and MethodsTwo RCB, Lava Ultimate (LU) and Enamic (EN), and one CB, IPS e.max Press (EMP) were used. Half‐size [(6 × 6 × 6 × 6 mm)] specimens were prepared for EMP (n = 30), EN (n = 30), and LU (n = 60). RCB specimens were prepared by wet cutting/grinding, while CB specimens were pressed. Surfaces of EMP and EN were preconditioned with hydrofluoric acid (5%); surfaces of LU were sandblasted with either 27 μm alumina (LUS) or 30 μm silica‐modified alumina Rocatec soft (LUR). All specimens were bonded with Scotchbond Universal adhesive and RXU. Additionally, twenty (4 × 4 × 4 × 8 mm) RXU specimens were prepared. All specimens were stored in water at 37°C and tested after 1 and 60 days. Interfacial KIC was determined with the notchless triangular prism specimen KIC test. Results were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA and Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05). Preconditioned and selected fractured surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy.ResultsAt 24 hours, LUS‐RXU and LUR‐RXU had significantly higher interfacial KIC than EN‐RXU and EMP‐RXU and were not different from KIC of RXU. Aging lead to a significant decrease in KIC of RXU and interfacial KIC of LUS‐RXU, LUR‐RXU, and EMP‐RXU; interfacial KIC of EN‐RXU was not affected. Based on the results, H0 was rejected.ConclusionUnder the conditions of this study, at 24 hours, interfacial KIC of LUS‐RXU and LUR‐RXU was superior to EMP‐RXU and EN‐RXU. Aging in water at 37°C did not affect interfacial KIC of EN‐RXU but adversely affected KIC of RXU and the other interfacial KIC. Clinical Implications: The results suggest that RXU and its adherence to LU and EMP deteriorates upon exposure to water at 37°C. In making clinical decisions related to material selection, practitioners should consider in vitro results.
An Assessment of Participant‐Described Interprofessional Oral Health Referral Systems Across Rurality
Authors: Boynes Sean G. , Lauer Abigail , Deutchman Mark , Martin Amy B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeAs a means to identify and quantify oral health interprofessional collaborative practice (IPP), we examined participant‐described medical‐to‐dental (M2D) referral networks and how they function across rurality.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey on the appraisal of IPP referral systems in 2016. Secondarily, we examined if rural health clinics (RHCs) have different experiences with M2D referrals compared to other practice types. Independent variables included geographic and organizational indicators, referral system attributes, and respondent characteristics. Data were coded by Census region and state Medicaid expansion status. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using SAS.FindingsA convenience cohort (n = 559) from 44 states was examined. Nearly, half (48.7%) reported dependable M2D referral systems. In bivariate analysis, all independent variables were significant except for state Medicaid expansion status. In multivariable analysis, Census region retained significance (P = .0093). Organization type and practice issues with no shows/missed appointments continued to have significance (P < .001 and .002, respectively). Accountable care organizations were over 5 times (5.72, P = .001) more likely than RHCs to report dependable M2D referral systems. Federally qualified health clinics were slightly over 3 times more likely than RHCs to report dependable M2D referral (3.04, P < .001). No differences between RHCs and other private practices were observed.ConclusionsThe importance of IPP continues to be promoted in the current health care environment. Our study demonstrates that, in this motivated study population, M2D referrals can work well, even in rural areas. Organization type, directionality of referral, broken appointment rates, and electronic health information management were all found to significantly impact the respondents’ rating on the dependability of an M2D referral process.
Detection of Bovine Coronavirus in Healthy and Diarrheic Dairy Calves
Authors: Gomez D.E. , Arroyo L.G. , Poljak Z. , Viel L. , Weese J.S. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundBCoV is identified in both healthy and diarrheic calves, complicating its assessment as a primary pathogen.ObjectivesTo investigate the detection rates of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in feces of healthy and diarrheic calves and to describe the usefulness of a pancoronavirus reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR (PanCoV‐RT‐PCR) assay to identify BCoV in samples of diarrheic calves.AnimalsTwo hundred and eighty‐six calves <21 days. Calves with liquid or semiliquid feces, temperature >39.5°C, and inappetence were considered as cases, and those that had pasty or firm feces and normal physical examination were designated as controls.MethodsProspective case–control study. A specific BCoV‐RT‐PCR assay was used to detect BCoV in fecal samples. Association between BCoV and health status was evaluated by exact and random effect logistic regression. Fecal (n = 28) and nasal (n = 8) samples from diarrheic calves were tested for the presence of BCoV by both the PanCoV‐RT‐PCR and a specific BCoV‐RT‐PCR assays. A Kappa coefficient test was used to assess the level of agreement of both assays.ResultsBCoV was detected in 55% (157/286) of calves; 46% (66/143), and 64% (91/143) of healthy and diarrheic calves, respectively. Diarrheic calves had higher odds of BCoV presence than healthy calves (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.83, P = 0.004). A good agreement between PanCoV‐RT‐PCR and BCoV‐RT‐PCR to detect BCoV was identified (κ = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.392 to 0.967; P < 0.001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBCoV was more likely to be detected in diarrheic than healthy calves. The PanCoV‐RT‐PCR assay can be a useful tool to detect CoV samples from diarrheic calves.
NRAMP2, a trans‐Golgi network‐localized manganese transporter, is required for Arabidopsis root growth under manganese deficiency
Authors: Gao Huiling , Xie Wenxiang , Yang Changhong , Xu Jingyi , Li Jingjun , Wang Hua , Chen Xi , Huang Chao‐Feng 
Published: September 2017

Summary

To cope with manganese (Mn) deficiency, plants have evolved an efficient transport system to uptake and redistribute Mn. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be demonstrated.

We carried out a forward genetic screen in a root high‐affinity Mn transporter nramp1 mutant background in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified an uncharacterized Mn transport NRAMP2. We investigated the effect of nramp2 mutation on root growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and we also examined the NRAMP2 expression pattern, and the subcellular localization and transport activity of NRAMP2.

Mutation of NRAMP2 impaired plant growth, while overexpression of NRAMP2 improved plant growth under low Mn conditions. In the nramp2‐1nramp1 double mutant, Mn deficiency inhibited root cell elongation and root hair development, which was associated with increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation. NRAMP2 is preferentially localized to the trans‐Golgi network. NRAMP2 has Mn influx transport activity in yeast, and mutation of NRAMP2 led to greater Mn retention in roots.

Our results suggest that under Mn‐deficient conditions, increased accumulation of H2O2 is partially responsible for the root growth inhibition and NRAMP2 is involved in remobilization of Mn in Golgi for root growth.
The effect of diet or exercise on ectopic adiposity in children and adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hens W. , Vissers D. , Hansen D. , Peeters S. , Gielen J. , Van Gaal L. , Taeymans J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryObjectiveEctopic fat depostion in youth with obesity is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to summarize the evidence for the use of diet and/or exercise on ectopic adiposity in this population.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis statement. Clinical trials that assessed ectopic fat deposition and included study arms with diet and/or exercise were searched in PubMed, PEDro and the Cochrane database.ResultsHepatic fat content and intramyocellular lipid content were described in nine studies and three studies, respectively. Most studies included teenagers, and study duration ranged between 3 and 12 months without follow‐up. Using random‐effects weights, the standardized mean difference of the change in hepatic adiposity (totalling 320 subjects) was −0.54 Hedges' g (95% confidence interval: −0.69 to −0.38 with p < 0.0001). By re‐expressing this effect size, it is seen that diet and/or exercise results in an absolute reduction of intrahepatic lipid with 2%, which accords with a relative reduction up to 70%. Although there were significant ameliorations of insulin sensitivity, no significant changes in intramyocellular lipid were observed.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis showed that diet and/or exercise is effective to reduce hepatic adiposity in youth with obesity.
Conversion of array‐based single nucleotide polymorphic markers for use in targeted genotyping by sequencing in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Burridge Amanda J. , Wilkinson Paul A. , Winfield Mark O. , Barker Gary L. A. , Allen Alexandra M. , Coghill Jane A. , Waterfall Christy , Edwards Keith J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWheat breeders and academics alike use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as molecular markers to characterize regions of interest within the hexaploid wheat genome. A number of SNP‐based genotyping platforms are available, and their utility depends upon factors such as the available technologies, number of data points required, budgets and the technical expertise required. Unfortunately, markers can rarely be exchanged between existing and newly developed platforms, meaning that previously generated data cannot be compared, or combined, with more recently generated data sets. We predict that genotyping by sequencing will become the predominant genotyping technology within the next 5–10 years. With this in mind, to ensure that data generated from current genotyping platforms continues to be of use, we have designed and utilized SNP‐based capture probes from several thousand existing and publicly available probes from Axiom® and KASP™ genotyping platforms. We have validated our capture probes in a targeted genotyping by sequencing protocol using 31 previously genotyped UK elite hexaploid wheat accessions. Data comparisons between targeted genotyping by sequencing, Axiom® array genotyping and KASP™ genotyping assays, identified a set of 3256 probes which reliably bring together targeted genotyping by sequencing data with the previously available marker data set. As such, these probes are likely to be of considerable value to the wheat community. The probe details, full probe sequences and a custom built analysis pipeline may be freely downloaded from the CerealsDB website (http://www.cerealsdb.uk.net/cerealgenomics/CerealsDB/sequence_capture.php).
Development and evaluation of high‐density Axiom®CicerSNP Array for high‐resolution genetic mapping and breeding applications in chickpea
Authors: Roorkiwal Manish , Jain Ankit , Kale Sandip M. , Doddamani Dadakhalandar , Chitikineni Annapurna , Thudi Mahendar , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTo accelerate genomics research and molecular breeding applications in chickpea, a high‐throughput SNP genotyping platform ‘Axiom®CicerSNP Array’ has been designed, developed and validated. Screening of whole‐genome resequencing data from 429 chickpea lines identified 4.9 million SNPs, from which a subset of 70 463 high‐quality nonredundant SNPs was selected using different stringent filter criteria. This was further narrowed down to 61 174 SNPs based on p‐convert score ≥0.3, of which 50 590 SNPs could be tiled on array. Among these tiled SNPs, a total of 11 245 SNPs (22.23%) were from the coding regions of 3673 different genes. The developed Axiom®CicerSNP Array was used for genotyping two recombinant inbred line populations, namely ICCRIL03 (ICC 4958 × ICC 1882) and ICCRIL04 (ICC 283 × ICC 8261). Genotyping data reflected high success and polymorphic rate, with 15 140 (29.93%; ICCRIL03) and 20 018 (39.57%; ICCRIL04) polymorphic SNPs. High‐density genetic maps comprising 13 679 SNPs spanning 1033.67 cM and 7769 SNPs spanning 1076.35 cM were developed for ICCRIL03 and ICCRIL04 populations, respectively. QTL analysis using multilocation, multiseason phenotyping data on these RILs identified 70 (ICCRIL03) and 120 (ICCRIL04) main‐effect QTLs on genetic map. Higher precision and potential of this array is expected to advance chickpea genetics and breeding applications.
Minimal important difference of target lobar volume reduction after endobronchial valve treatment for emphysema
Authors: Welling Jorrit B.A. , Hartman Jorine E. , van Rikxoort Eva M. , Ten Hacken Nick H.T. , Kerstjens Huib A.M. , Klooster Karin , Slebos Dirk‐Jan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveTarget lobar volume reduction (TLVR) is an important efficacy outcome measure for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) treatment using one‐way endobronchial valves (EBV) in patients with severe emphysema. The commonly used cut‐off value for TLVR that expresses a perceivable clinical benefit is −350 mL. However, a scientifically determined minimal important difference (MID) for TLVR never has been published. The objective of the present study was to determine the MID for TLVR on HRCT in patients who were treated with EBV.MethodsA total of 318 patients with severe emphysema from two BLVR trials were analysed. Anchor‐based methods were used to define the TLVR MID at 6 months follow‐up. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), residual volume (RV) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were used as anchors.ResultsThe calculated TLVR MID with each anchor was: FEV1 −587 mL, RV −534 mL and SGRQ −560 mL. The combined MID (average of the three anchor‐based MIDs) was −563 mL.ConclusionUsing the anchor‐based method, we established a TLVR MID of −563 mL in patients with severe emphysema at 6 months follow‐up after EBV treatment. This value can be useful for both interpreting the results from trials and clinical practice, as well as for designing future studies on lung volume reduction.
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx is associated with increased severity during respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children
Authors: Brealey Jaelle C. , Chappell Keith J. , Galbraith Sally , Fantino Emmanuelle , Gaydon Jane , Tozer Sarah , Young Paul R. , Holt Patrick G. , Sly Peter D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most significant cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in early life. RSV and other respiratory viruses are known to stimulate substantial outgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the upper airways of young children. However, the clinical significance of interactions between viruses and bacteria is currently unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the effect of viral and bacterial co‐detections on disease severity during paediatric ARI.MethodsNasopharyngeal aspirates from children under 2 years of age presenting with ARI to the emergency department were screened by quantitative PCR for 17 respiratory viruses and the bacterial pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Associations between pathogen detection and clinical measures of disease severity were investigated.ResultsRSV was the most common virus detected, present in 29 of 58 samples from children with ARI (50%). Detection of S. pneumoniae was significantly more frequent during RSV infections compared to other respiratory viruses (adjusted effect size: 1.8, P: 0.03), and co‐detection of both pathogens was associated with higher clinical disease severity scores (adjusted effect size: 1.2, P: 0.03).ConclusionCo‐detection of RSV and S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx was associated with more severe ARI, suggesting that S. pneumoniae colonization plays a pathogenic role in young children.
How deep is your love? A quantitative spatial analysis of the transatlantic trade partnership
Authors: Krebs Oliver , Pflüger Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the quantitative effects of trade liberalization envisioned in a transatlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP) between the United States and the European Union. We use a quantitative trade model that, in contrast to other works, features consumptive and productive uses of land and we allow for labor mobility and a spatial equilibrium. Our calibration draws mainly on the world input–output database (WIOD). The eventual outcome of the negotiations is uncertain. Tariffs in E.U.–U.S. trade are already very low, however, so that an agreement will have a major impact only by eliminating nontariff barriers. These are extremely hard to quantify. We address these uncertainties by considering a corridor of trade‐liberalization paths and by providing numerous robustness checks. Even with ambitious liberalization, real income gains within a TTIP are in the range of up to 0.46 percent for most countries. The effect on outside countries is typically negative, yet even smaller. Taking land into account scales down the welfare effects strongly. Interestingly, we find that all German counties derive unambiguous welfare gains even though the model allows for negative terms‐of‐trade effects. Our analysis also implies that in order to arrive at the same welfare gains as under a TTIP, a multilateral liberalization would have to be much more ambitious for the U.S. than for the E.U.
Tracking and Modelling Prices Using Web-Scraped Price Microdata: Towards Automated Daily Consumer Price Index Forecasting
Authors: Powell Ben , Nason Guy , Elliott Duncan , Mayhew Matthew , Davies Jennifer , Winton Joe 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWith the increasing relevance and availability of on-line prices that we see today, it is natural to ask whether the prediction of the consumer price index (CPI), or related statistics, may usefully be computed more frequently than existing monthly schedules allow for. The simple answer is ‘yes’, but there are challenges to be overcome first. A key challenge, addressed by our work, is that web-scraped price data are extremely messy and it is not obvious, a priori, how to reconcile them with standard CPI statistics. Our research focuses on average prices and disaggregated CPI at the level of product categories (lager, potatoes, etc.) and develops a new model that describes the joint time evolution of latent daily log-inflation rates driving prices seen on the Internet and prices recorded in official surveys, with the model adapting to various product categories. Our model reveals the differing levels of dynamic behaviour across product category and, correspondingly, differing levels of predictability. Our methodology enables good prediction of product-category-specific CPI immediately before their release. In due course, with increasingly complete web-scraped data, combined with the best survey data, the prospect of more frequent intermonth aggregated CPI prediction is an achievable goal.
Retroward extrusion of high‐pressure rocks: An example from the Hellenides (Pelion Blueschist Nappe, NW Aegean)
Authors: Gerogiannis Nikolaos , Xypolias Paraskevas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCurrent tectonic models interpret the Hellenides as a unidirectional, SW‐vergent orogenic belt. New (micro‐)structural and amphibole chemistry analyses show, instead, that the exhumation of the Pelion Blueschist Nappe (PBN) of the Internal Hellenides was achieved by retroward (ENE)‐directed ductile extrusion, which opposes the principal (proward) orogenic vergence. Retroward extrusion occurred between two sub‐parallel, major ductile shear zones (Basal thrust and Upper detachment) with opposite shear senses, which operated simultaneously under blueschist‐ to greenschist‐facies conditions during the late Eocene–Oligocene. Because the PBN is tectonically sandwiched between Pelagonian basement rocks, we suggest that the PBN protolith was accumulated during the Late Cretaceous in an incipient backarc basin developed above the NE‐dipping subduction of the Pindos Ocean beneath the Pelagonian microcontinent. Subsequent Apulian–Pelagonian collision triggered basin inversion and the proward‐dipping intracontinental subduction that caused the early/middle Eocene blueschist‐facies metamorphism followed by the retroward extrusion of the PBN.
Provision of cellular blood components to CMV‐seronegative patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the UK: survey of UK transplant centres
Authors: Morton S. , Peniket A. , Malladi R. , Murphy M. F. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYObjectivesTo identify current UK practice with regards to provision of blood components for cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seronegative, potential, allogeneic stem cell recipients of seronegative grafts.BackgroundInfection with CMV remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT). CMV transmission has been a risk associated with the transfusion of blood components from previously exposed donors, but leucocyte reduction has been demonstrated to minimise this risk. In 2012, the UK Advisory Committee for the Safety of Tissues and Organs (SaBTO) recommended that CMV‐unselected components could be safely transfused without increased risk of CMV transmission.MethodsWe surveyed UK aSCT centres to establish current practice.ResultsFifteen adult and seven paediatric centres (75%) responded; 22·7% continue to provide components from CMV‐seronegative donors. Reasons cited include the continued perceived risk of CMV transmission by blood transfusion, its associated morbidity and concerns regarding potential for ambiguous CMV serostatus in seronegative potential transplant recipients due to passive antibody transfer from CMV‐seropositive blood donors, leading to erroneous donor/recipient CMV matching at transplant.ConclusionsThe survey demonstrated a surprisingly high rate (22.7%) of centres continuing to provide blood components from CMV‐seronegative donors despite SaBTO guidance.