bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bhagavad Gita and Hindu modes of capitalist accumulation in India
Authors: Nayak Bhabani Shankar 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to understand and expand the idea of capitalist accumulation process from social structures of accumulation theory to religious structures of accumulation within the Indian context. It analyses the philosophical tenets of Hindu religious philosophy as outlined in the Bhagavad Gita. It argues that the ideological narratives within the Bhagavad Gita are concomitant with the logic of capitalism.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws its methodological lineage to nonlinear historical narrative around the concept and construction of Asiatic modes of production debate. The paper follows discourse analysis to locate how the Hindu religion as outlined in Bhagavad Gita provides philosophical foundation to capitalism in India.

Findings
The Bhagavad Gita (Songs of God) gives social and spiritual legitimacy to a specific form of production and accumulation processes by rationalizing and justifying socio-economic stratification based on eternal inequality. The paper focuses on the interface between cardinal principles of Hindu religion as outlined in the Bhagavad Gita and capitalist modes of social and economic processes in India.

Originality/value
The paper aims to advance a new concept called “Hindu modes of accumulation” by advancing the theoretical understanding of the theological processes in the Hindu religion, which reinforces capitalism and capitalist social relations in India.
Experimental assessment and validation of an oil ferrous wear debris sensors family for wind turbine gearboxes
Authors: Macián Vicente , Tormos Bernardo , Miró Guillermo , Rodes Isaac 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to perform a complete experimental assessment of a family of oil ferrous wear debris sensor is performed. The family comprised the original sensor and its re-engineered evolution, which is capable of detecting both amount and size of wear debris particles trapped by the sensor and some predefined oil condition properties.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, the first step was to perform a design of experiments for the sensor validation. A specially defined test rig was implemented, and different ferrous wear debris was collected. For each sensor, two different tests were performed. The first test was called a “void test”, where quantified amounts of debris were collided with the sensor without oil. The second one was a dynamic test, where the sensor was installed in the test rig and different amounts of wear debris were added at a constant rate. In addition, specific tests related with oil properties detection were studied.

Findings
The results show excellent correlation of the sensor output signal with the amount of wear debris and a satisfactory detection of debris size in all ranges. Also, the dynamic test presented adequate representativeness, and sensors performed well in this scenario.

Practical implications
This paper shows the practical implementation of this type of sensor and the usual detection range and rate of detection for different debris size and quantities.

Originality/value
This work has a great utility for maintenance managers and equipment designers to fully understand the potential of this type of sensor and its suitability for the application required.
One Dimensional Transient Pneumatic System Simulation
Authors: Kratschun Filipp , van Bebber David , Murrenhoff Hubertus 
Published: December 2017

The increase of system dynamic within the area of pneumatics requires sophisticated numerical methods to determine the systems’ performance. Cycle durations in the range of just a few milliseconds and below violate the assumption of a stationary process. State of the art pneumatic calculations are built upon this assumption and, therefore, gas dynamic solvers have to be used to predict the systems’ behavior accurately.
In general it is possible to calculate several flow parameters for transient gaseous flows using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, but despite increasing processing power of modern computers, solving particular problems is yet time-consuming. A simulation of a few milliseconds results in a computational time of several hours which makes the design of a highly dynamic pneumatic system lengthy.
This paper presents a one dimensional transient numerical model which is capable of computing a transient pneumatic system’s performance time-efficiently yet retaining the accuracy of a CFD simulation. It allows to determine flow parameters, e.g., density, pressure and velocity, within transient gaseous flows including discontinuities.
In particular the proposed model depicts an approach to calculate transient flows with discontinuous flow curvature. Such jumps naturally occur in pneumatic systems within hose connectors or valves. Numerical results are compared to a CFD parameter study to verify the one dimensional simulation.
Stability-Guaranteed Nonlinear Model-Based Control of Hydraulically Actuated Lightweight Structures
Authors: Koivumäki Janne , Mattila Jouni , Semini Claudio , Caldwell Darwin G. 
Published: December 2017

Hydraulic actuators benefit robotic systems as they can produce significant force/torque for their size and are robust. However, their dynamic behavior is highly nonlinear, making high-performance closed-loop control a challenging task. With articulated robotic systems, the associated nonlinear multibody dynamics make the control design task even more challenging.
Nonlinear model-based (NMB) control methods can be used to address the system nonlinearities. Among NMB control methods, a number of state-of-the-art control performance improvements have been demonstrated for hydraulic manipulators using the virtual decomposition control (VDC) approach. However, all studies on hydraulic systems with VDC have focused on high-inertia and heavy-duty manipulators. In hydraulic cylinder actuated low-inertia and light-weight systems, highly uncertain and hard-to-model nonlinearities, such as actuator friction, can become very dominant in the system’s dynamic behaviour.
This paper details the design of a VDC-based controller for a hydraulically actuated light-weight robotic leg. An adaptive friction compensation is incorporated in the control design. The stability of the designed controller is rigorously guaranteed. The experiments with the controller demonstrate a comparable free-space control performance in relation to the state-of-the-art controller for heavy-duty hydraulic manipulators.
A Model-Based Comparative Investigation on the Noise Source of Hydraulic Gear Pumps
Authors: Woo Sangbeom , Zhao Xinran , Vacca Andrea , Rigosi Manuel 
Published: December 2017

The reduction of the noise emission level of hydraulic pumps has been a primary research goal in the fluid power field for decades. To pursue this goal, a significant effort has been put in identifying the sources of noise generation, and formulating proper methods to reduce them. Most common methods include the analysis of the kinematic features of the displacing action realized by the unit, and/or the pressure fluctuation at the pump ports. However, the physical complexity associated with the noise transmission into the pump structure and the surrounding environment has not permitted so far to achieve clear correlations between fluid-borne noise sources and actual emitted noise. Recently, the advancement in numerical acoustic modelling techniques has permitted to explore these features, so that in future, quieter units could be designed with the help from simulation.
This paper contributes in this topic, considering as a particular reference unit, the case of external gear pumps. An acoustic model developed by the authors’ research group permits to perform analysis of both structure- and air-borne noise, by combining a modal analysis performed in ANSYS and an acoustic simulation in LMS.Virtual.Lab. As pressure and force loading inputs, the model utilizes the results of the authors’ HYGESim tool.
To show the model’s potentials, the paper takes into considerations two alternative gear designs suitable for the same pump casing: one single flank and one dual flank (zero-backlash). The dual-flank design is commonly considered as a quieter solution for spur gear pumps. These designs are properly selected to show differences in fluid-borne noise source, and describes the features of the noise transmission as predicted by the model. By showing the simulated level of airborne noise for the two considered designs, the results of this paper confirm the advantages of the dual-flank solution, and point out how the proposed model can be used in future for virtual design purposes.
A Path Toward Effective Piston/Cylinder Interface Scaling Approach
Authors: Shang L. , Ivantysynova M. 
Published: December 2017

Scaling three main lubricating interfaces (piston/cylinder interface, cylinder block/valve plate interface, and slipper/swash plate interface) of swash plate type axial piston machine while remaining the pump performance is a rewarding but challenging task. Instead of designing a new unit for the desired displacement, scaling a well-designed existing unit to the desired size requires much less computational and experimental cost. However, scaling all the components linearly is far from enough to remain the original sized unit’s performance due to the unscalable fluid properties and material properties. This paper proposes a novel scaling method for the piston/cylinder interface which is able to achieve the baseline performance at some of the operating conditions, and closing the gap between the scaled unit performance and the baseline performance at the rest of the operating conditions.
The authors use a special in-house developed simulation tool to study the design parameters of the piston/cylinder interface impacts on the performance in terms of leakage flow rate, and the energy dissipation. This in-house developed tool is able to model the lubricating fluid film behavior considering the complex fluid and structure interaction, the macro and micro motion of the piston, the three-dimensional fluid heat-transfer, the three-dimensional solid part heat-transfer, and the solid part deformation due to both the pressure and the thermal load.
This paper includes a brief introduction of the simulation tool, the results of the design parameters investigation, the proposed scaling method, and the simulation results comparison between the baseline unit and the scaled unit using the proposed method.
Low-Friction Antagonist Hydraulic Transmission Using Long-Stroke Rolling Diaphragm Cylinders
Authors: Hashemi Saeed , Sobojinski Steven , Durfee William K. 
Published: December 2017

Hydraulic cylinders are the most common actuators for small, passive hydraulic systems. Friction and leakage of the actuators are the most crucial factors for force and volume efficiency. Development of a frictionless and leak-free cylinder would enable implementation of a passive human body controlled device. Due to the limitation of short stroke length in commercial rolling diaphragm (RD) cylinders, a novel fabric-elastomer long-stroke rolling diaphragm (LSRD) cylinder was developed, evaluated, and compared to the commercial rolling diaphragm, O-ring, and gap seal cylinders. The LSRD cylinder has low friction, zero leakage, and can operate at up to 700 kPa (100 psi). The performance of the LSRD cylinders was evaluated using an antagonist hydraulic transmission benchtop device.
Axial motion of the LSRD cylinders was converted to a rotary motion on the input and output shafts using timing belts and pulleys. Two LSRD cylinders were engaged on each shaft and two lever arms were used to control the transmission device. A rotation of 90 degrees was achieved using LSRD cylinders with 1.5-inch stroke length.
Friction, stiffness, tracking, impulse response, and step response tests were performed at 70, 170, and 275 kPa (10, 25, and 40 psi) preload pressures to evaluate the transmission device and LSRD cylinder dynamic performance. The results demonstrated that at least 275 kPa preload pressure is needed to have a satisfactory performance.
The passive antagonist hydraulic transmission can be used in applications such as wearable robots and telepresence devices.
PA5470 Counteracts Antimicrobial Effect of Azithromycin by Releasing Stalled Ribosome in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Shi Jing , Liu Yiwei , Zhang Yueying , Jin Yongxin , Bai Fang , Cheng Zhihui , Jin Shouguang , Wu Weihui 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
causes various acute and chronic infections in humans. Treatment with azithromycin (AZM) has been shown to benefit patients with chronic
P. aeruginosa
infections. By binding to the exit tunnel of the 50S ribosome, AZM causes ribosome stalling and depletion of the intracellular tRNA pool. It has been shown that AZM is able to kill stationary-phase
P. aeruginosa
cells and repress quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors as well as swarming motility. In
P. aeruginosa
, the PA5470 gene encodes a putative peptide chain release factor whose expression is highly induced by macrolide antibiotics. However, its function remains unknown. Here, we found that overexpression of PA5470 increased bacterial tolerance against AZM and alleviated the repression of swarming motility. Ribosome pulldown assays revealed that PA5470 contributes to the release of ribosome stalled by AZM. We further demonstrate that overexpression of PA5470 counteracts AZM-mediated repression of the translation of the quorum sensing regulator RhlR. Overall, our results revealed a novel role of PA5470 in the bacterial response to AZM.
Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Report from the China CRE Network
Authors: Zhang Yawei , Wang Qi , Yin Yuyao , Chen Hongbin , Jin Longyang , Gu Bing , Xie Liangyi , Yang Chunxia , Ma Xiaobo , Li Huayin , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaoqian , Liao Kang , Man Sijin , Wang Shifu , Wen Hainan , Li Binbin , Guo Zhusheng , Tian Jinjing , Pei Fengyan , Liu Li , Zhang Lijun , Zou Cuimei , Hu Tongping , Cai Jun , Yang Hong , Huang Jiaming , Jia Xianghong , Huang Wenhui , Cao Bin , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) infection is highly endemic in China, but estimates of the infection burden are lacking. We established the incidence of CRE infection from a multicenter study that covered 25 tertiary hospitals in 14 provinces. CRE cases defined as carbapenem-nonsusceptible
Citrobacter freundii
,
Escherichia coli
,
Enterobacter cloacae
, or
Klebsiella pneumoniae
infections during January to December 2015 were collected and reviewed from medical records. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and carbapenemase gene identification were performed. Among 664 CRE cases, most were caused by
K. pneumoniae
(73.9%), followed by
E. coli
(16.6%) and
E. cloacae
(7.1%). The overall CRE infection incidence per 10,000 discharges was 4.0 and differed significantly by region, with the highest in Jiangsu (14.97) and the lowest in Qinghai (0.34). Underlying comorbidities were found in 83.8% of patients; the median patient age was 62 years (range, 45 to 74 years), and 450 (67.8%) patients were male. Lower respiratory tract infections (65.4%) were the most common, followed by urinary tract infection (16.6%), intra-abdominal infection (7.7%), and bacteremia (7.7%). The overall hospital mortality rate was 33.5%. All isolates showed nonsusceptibility to carbapenems and cephalosporins. The susceptibility rate of polymyxin B was >90%. Tigecycline demonstrated a higher susceptibility rate against
E. coli
than against
K. pneumoniae
(90.9% versus 40.2%). Of 155 clinical isolates analyzed, 89% produced carbapenemases, with a majority of isolates producing KPC (50%) or NDM (33.5%)-type beta-lactamases among
K. pneumoniae
and
E. coli
. The incidence of CRE infection in China was 4.0 per 10,000 discharges. The patient-based disease burden in tertiary hospitals in China is severe, suggesting an urgent need to enhance infection control.
Novel Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Device-Related Infections Using Fibrinolytic Agents
Authors: Hogan S. , O'Gara J. P. , O'Neill E. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcal infections involving biofilms represent a significant challenge in the treatment of patients with device-related infections.
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilms have been shown to be SaeRS regulated and dependent on the coagulase-catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin on surfaces coated with human plasma. Here we investigated the treatment of staphylococcal biofilm device-related infections by digesting the fibrin biofilm matrix with and without existing antimicrobials. The fibrinolytic agents plasmin, streptokinase, and nattokinase, and TrypLE, a recombinant trypsin-like protease, were used to digest and treat
S. aureus
biofilms grown
in vitro
using
in vivo
-like static biofilm assays with and without antimicrobials. Cytotoxicity, the potential to induce a cytokine response in whole human blood, and the risk of induction of tolerance to fibrinolytic agents were investigated. A rat model of intravascular catheter infection was established to investigate the efficacy of selected fibrinolytic agents
in vivo
. Under biomimetic conditions, the fibrinolytic agents effectively dispersed established
S. aureus
biofilms and, in combination with common antistaphylococcal antimicrobials, effectively killed bacterial cells being released from the biofilm. These fibrinolytic agents were not cytotoxic and did not affect the host immune response. The rat model of infection successfully demonstrated the activity of the selected fibrinolytic agents alone and in combination with antimicrobials on established biofilms
in vivo
. TrypLE and nattokinase most successfully removed adherent cells from plasma-coated surfaces and significantly improved the efficacy of existing antimicrobials against
S. aureus
biofilms
in vitro
and
in vivo
. These biofilm dispersal agents represent a viable future treatment option for
S. aureus
device-related infections.
Mutations in Genes Encoding Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Efflux Pumps Play a Role in β-Lactam Resistance in Helicobacter cinaedi
Authors: Rimbara Emiko , Mori Shigetarou , Kim Hyun , Suzuki Masato , Shibayama Keigo 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

β-Lactams are often used to treat
Helicobacter cinaedi
infections; however, the mechanism underlying β-lactam resistance is unknown. In this study, we investigated β-lactam resistance in an
H. cinaedi
strain, MRY12-0051 (MICs of amoxicillin [AMX] and ceftriaxone [CRO], 32 and 128 μg/ml; obtained from human feces). Based on a comparative whole-genome analysis of MRY12-0051 and the CRO-susceptible
H. cinaedi
strain MRY08-1234 (MICs of AMX and CRO, 1 and 4 μg/ml; obtained from human blood), we identified five mutations in genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), including two in
pbpA
, one in
pbp2
, and two in
ftsI
. Transformation and penicillin binding assays indicated that CRO resistance was mainly associated with mutations in
pbpA
; mutations in
ftsI
also led to increased resistance to AMX. Knocking out
cmeB
and
cmeD
, which encode resistance-nodulation-division-type efflux pump components, in
H. cinaedi
type strain CCUG18818 (AMX MIC, 4 to 8 μg/ml) resulted in 8- and 64-fold decreases, respectively, in the AMX MIC. Hence, MICs of AMX in
H. cinaedi
become similar to those of
Helicobacter pylori
isolates in the absence of
cmeD
. In conclusion, the difference in susceptibility to β-lactams between
H. pylori
and
H. cinaedi
is explained by differences in efflux pump components. Mutations in
pbpA
are the primary determinant of high resistance to β-lactams in
H. cinaedi
.
Role of
smeU1VWU2X
Operon in Alleviation of Oxidative Stresses and Occurrence of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim-Resistant Mutants in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Wu Chao-Jung , Chiu Tsu-Ting , Lin Yi-Tsung , Huang Yi-Wei , Li Li-Hua , Yang Tsuey-Ching 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Overexpression of resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pumps is an important mechanism for bacteria to combat antimicrobials. RND efflux pumps are also critical for bacterial physiology, such as oxidative stress tolerance.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
, a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen, harbors eight RND-type efflux pump operons. Of these, the
smeU1VWU2X
operon is unique for its possession of two additional genes,
smeU1
and
smeU2
, which encode proteins of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family. Overexpression of the SmeVWX pump is known to contribute to the acquired resistance to chloramphenicol, quinolone, and tetracycline; however, SmeU1 and SmeU2 are little involved in this phenotype. In the study described in this article, we further linked the
smeU1VWU2X
operon to oxidative stress alleviation and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT)-resistant mutant occurrence. The
smeU1VWU2X
operon was inducibly expressed upon challenge with menadione (MD), plumbagin (PL), and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), as verified by the use of the chromosomal
smeU1VWU2X-xylE
transcriptional fusion construct and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The MD-mediated
smeU1VWU2X
upexpression was totally dependent on SoxR and partially relied on SmeRv but was less relevant to OxyR. SmeRv, but not SoxR and OxyR, played a regulatory role in the H
2
O
2
-mediated
smeU1VWU2X
upexpression. The significance of
smeU1VWU2X
upexpression was investigated with respect to oxidative stress alleviation and SXT-resistant mutant occurrence. Overexpression of the
smeU1VWU2X
operon contributed to the alleviation of MD-mediated oxidative stress. Of the encoded proteins, the SmeVWX pump and SmeU2, rather than SmeU1, participated in MD tolerance. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the MD-mediated expression of the
smeU1VWU2X
operon decreased the SXT resistance frequency when
S. maltophilia
was grown in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-rich environment.
In Vitro
,
In Silico
, and
In Vivo
Analyses of Novel Aromatic Amidines against Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Santos Camila C. , Lionel Jéssica R. , Peres Raiza B. , Batista Marcos M. , da Silva Patrícia B. , de Oliveira Gabriel M. , da Silva Cristiane F. , Batista Denise G. J. , Souza Sandra Maria O. , Andrade Carolina H. , Neves Bruno J. , Braga Rodolpho C. , Patrick Donald A. , Bakunova Svetlana M. , Tidwell Richard R. , Soeiro Maria de Nazaré C. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Five bis-arylimidamides were assayed as anti-
Trypanosoma cruzi
agents by
in vitro
,
in silico
, and
in vivo
approaches. None were considered to be pan-assay interference compounds. They had a favorable pharmacokinetic landscape and were active against trypomastigotes and intracellular forms, and in combination with benznidazole, they gave no interaction. The most selective agent (28SMB032) tested
in vivo
led to a 40% reduction in parasitemia (0.1 mg/kg of body weight/5 days intraperitoneally) but without mortality protection.
In silico
target fishing suggested DNA as the main target, but ultrastructural data did not match.