bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in the Red River Valley, Grand Forks, ND, 1994
Authors: Suranyi Robert A. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Samuelson Matthew P. , Thompson Galen C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 17 May at the Research Farm of the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association. Plots were four rows wide, 60 ft long, with 38 in rows and 12 in between plants. Plots were separated on all sides by 6.3 ft of cultivated soil. The experiment had a complete randomized plot design with four replications. Egg masses were flagged 15 Jun and checked daily. Thirty percent egg hatch was estimated to have occurred 22 Jun, but heavy rains and wet field conditions delayed first application of insecticidal sprays until 24 Jun. Subsequent spray applications were made 5, 12 Jul, and 8 Aug. Jun and Jul sprays were targeted against first generation larvae, Aug application against summer generation adults. All applications were made using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer, with a single Teejet nozzle over each row. Sprays were applied in 40 gal of water/acre at 40 psi. Egg masses, small larvae (1st and 2nd instar), large larvae (3rd and 4th instar), and adults were counted 27 Jun, 7, 14 Jul, and 10 Aug on 20 randomly selected plants from the two middle rows of each plot. Tuber yields were estimated by mechanical harvesting one row per plot 2 Sept. Defoliation data were recorded at each evaluation and expressed as mean percent of defoliation across sampling dates. The average number of insect counts across sampling dates are presented in the table. Best control resulted from the use of Furadan, Imidan, and Capture. Yield differences among treatments were not significantly correlated with any measure of insect numbers. Parts of the field were saturated for an extended period of time by heavy Jun rains, which adversely affected yields in all plots. Tuber yields ranged from 136.7 to 207.4 cwt/acre.
Foliar Insecticide Evaluation for Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1994
Authors: Zehnder G. W. , Hollingsworth M. H. , Hagemore D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted on 24 May at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation in Cullman, Alabama. Treatment plots were 6 rows, each 10 meters long, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The four middle rows of each plot were sprayed with insecticides beginning at “tassel push", when the tassels were first observed growing up from the whorl, and on a 3-4 day schedule throughout the silking period until harvest. Sprays were applied on 19, 22, 26, 29 July, and on 1 and 4 Aug. Spray application was made by a self-propelled high-clearance sprayer with one hollow cone nozzle over the row and 1—6 nozzles on drop extension tubes on either side of the row (additional nozzles ere added as corn height increased). Spray volume remained constant on all spray dates at 80 gal/acre. Treatment effectiveness was determined at harvest (8 Aug) by examination of 25 randomly-picked ears per plot (100 ears per treatment) for CEW feeding damage to the ear tips. Worm feeding damage not associated with the ear tip was classified as “side damage” (assumed to be caused by other lepidopterous species). Ears were considered unmarketable if CEW damage to the ear extended 38 mm (1.5 inches) beyond the tip of the ear, or if “side damage” was present.
Aerial Insecticide Applications for Control of First-Generation European Corn Borer Larvae in South Dakota, 1994
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Jensen J. M. , Thompson D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A corn field near Beresford, SD, was chosen to evaluate aerially-applied chemical and biological insecticide treatments for control of first-generation ECB larvae. Pretreatment counts indicated a light, but uniform infestation of ECB larvae in 42% of plants sampled. Stadial composition consisted of 13, 32, 38, and 17% 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-instar larvae, respectively. A strip-plot experimental design was used. Each strip contained 4 replicates. Individual treatment plots were 40 m (41 rows) by 122 m. Insecticides were applied on 29 Jun at whorl (ca. 10 d prior to tasseling) stage. All insecticide treatments were applied at 8.0 lb formulated product/acre in 20-m swaths using a Cessna Ag Truck aircraft. A Duke metering system mounted on the aircraft was used for insecticide calibration and application procedures. Approximately 1 month following treatment (28 Jul), 40 plants in each plot were randomly selected, split vertically and examined for cavity (tunnelling) damage. The number and length of cavities were recorded and analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure with means being compared by DMRT.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control Using Insecticide Rescue Treatments, 1994
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Jenson J. M. , Thompson D. J. , Nelson D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A cornfield near Parkston, SD, was chosen to evaluate 35 chemical and biological insecticide treatments for control of first-generation ECB larvae. Preapplication counts indicated a uniform infestation of ECB larvae in 71.0% of plants sampled. Stadial composition consisted of 20, 35, 35, and 10% 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-instar, respectively. Treatments were applied on 7 Jul at whorl (approximately 1 wk prior to tasseling) stage of physiological development. Three untreated control plots were used to compare 10 granular insecticides and 25 liquids for efficacy in preventing ECB tunnelling. Treatments included multiple rates of some compounds. Insecticides were applied to single row plots (16.4 cm by 30.5 m) in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Granules were directed into corn plant whorls using a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5 horsepower engine mounted on a Highboy. Noble metering units attached to a modified chain-driven apparatus regulated the amount of granules released into the pneumatic applicator. Liquid treatments were applied to corn plant whorls using a single-nozzle 3-gal, CO2-propeIled backpack sprayer system. Approximately I month following insecticide applications (12 Aug), 20 corn stalks were randomly chosen from each plot. Each plant was split vertically and examined for tunnelling damage. The number and length of cavities were analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models procedure with means being compared by DMRT.
Insecticide Applied Aerially for Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, 1994
Authors: Witkowski John F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The cornfield was located in Cedar county, northwest of the town of Hartington, NE. Six black headed egg masses were infested onto 30 marked plants (3, ten plant subsamples) per treatment on 24 Jun. A Cessna 188 Ag Truck was used to make the applications on 30 Jun. Aerial treatments were flown on in a strip plot design. On 9 Aug, all artificially infested plants were dissected from tassel to ground and examined for borer cavities.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1994
Authors: Bannister Jennifer M. , Lentz Gary L. , Austin Nancy B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A series of tests was conducted at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, TN, to determine efficacy of 12 insecticides recommended for control of the tarnished plant bug (TPB) on cotton. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a RCBD. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch spacing) × 20 ft. Organdy sleeve cages were placed on 4 plants per plot and pulled down to the base of the plant. Treatments were then applied using an IH 660 Hi-Boy with a 4-row boom equipped with 3 hollowcone TXVS 4 nozzles per row (one nozzle over the row and 2 nozzles on drops) calibrated to deliver 9.44 gpa at 40 psi and 3 mph. The sleeve cages were then pulled up from the base of the plants, and 10 field-collected TPB adults were aspirated into each of 2 of the 4 cages. The cages were secured at the top with a twist tie and labeled at to treatment and replication. After 48 hr, the caged cotton plants were collected and the number of living and dead TPB was recorded. Forty-eight hr after spraying, 10 field-collected adult tarnished plant bugs were placed into each of the remaining 2 sleeve cages to evaluate residual activity of the previously-applied insecticides. Number of living and dead TPB was recorded after 24 hr of exposure to the treated plants. The arcsin transformation of the data was analyzed using General Linear Model and Tukey’s Studentized Range Test.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Boll Weevil, 1994
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Jordan A. M. , Klein C. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 9 May at the James Ray farm in Lonoke County. Insecticides were applied on 2, 5, 12, 19, and 22 Aug with a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle equipped with a CO2 sprayer. Total volume was 10 gal/acre at 30 psi using Teejet TX-6 hollowcone nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Plots consisted of 12 rows (38 inch centers) × 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Boll weevil ratings were made 2-3 DAT by examining 25 squares/plot for boll weevil damage. The center 2 rows of each plot were harvested on 10 Oct using a John Deere 2-row picker.
Thrips Control in Cotton with In-Furrow Insecticides in Northeast Arkansas, 1994
Authors: Studebaker Glenn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Plots of DES 119’ cotton were planted on 20 May at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center. Granular compounds were applied by Gandy box on the planter. In-furrow liquids were applied with a CO2 powered system mounted on the planter directing sprays into the furrow. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 5.5 gal/acre at 42 psi through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Plots were four 38-inch rows, 50-ft long, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Damage ratings were made based on a scale of 1-10 with 10 = severe damage. Thrips counts were made by collecting 5 plants from each plot and washing the plants through a series of sieves, counting the thrips collected in the final sieve. Yields were taken by harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Hops, Tenlined June Beetle Control with Entomopathogenic Nematodes, 1994
Authors: Wennemann L. , Cone W. W. , Jeske R. A. , Wright L. , Conant M. , Perez J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Research was conducted in a three year old hop planting, Humulus lupulus Cluster (LI), in Mabton, WA on fine sandy loam. Pest presence was identified by using an aerial photograph and by digging up and examining the roots of 5 plants within the infested area. An average of 10 larvae per plant were found. A completely random design (3 plants per replicate) with 5 replicates was used. Treatments consisted of three entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (All Strain), S. feltiae Filipjev (SN Strain), S. glaseri (Steiner) and water as a control. Nematodes were checked for viability under the microscope before application. Nematode species were applied on 27 May with a hand-operated soil injector (Marayuma 3MI, Tokyo, Japan) at three depths (10, 20 and 30 cm) and six locations at each depth around the base of the plant. Approximately 1.14 million nematodes (4.5 billion/acre) were injected in 180 ml of water per plant. One side of the plots was pre and the other side post irrigated for 24 h before/after nematode application by furrow irrigation. Plots were evaluated 5 weeks after treatments by digging up 60 plants and the surrounding soil (1 m diameter × 0.8 m depth) and counting P. decemlineata adults, pupae and larvae.
Evaluation of Selected Hopper Box and Seed Treatments for Control of Red Imported Fire Ant in Grain Sorghum, 1994
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticide treatments applied as in-furrow granules at planting (IFGAP), T-banded granules (TBAND) and seed treatments (SEEDT) was evaluated for control of the RIFA at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station in Franklin Parish, LA. The test was planted no till with a John Deere 7300 planter into a bermuda grass sod containing a high density of RIFA mounds. Plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 30 ft were planted on 3 May in a RCB with 4 replications. RIFA no. were estimated on 1 Jun by placing an unruled index card (3X5 inches) baited with peanut butter in each plot and recording the no. of ants attracted after 3 h. No. of chinch bugs were obtained on 15 Jun by counting the no. per 20 plants in the 2 center rows. Plant stand densities were recorded on 31 May by sampling the entire 2 center rows in each plot. Plant heights were estimated on 31 May by measuring 20 plants in each plot. Intra-row plant skips were recorded on 13 Jun by counting the no. of skips &gt; 12 inches per plot.
Seed Treatment Evaluated for Greenbug Control in Sorghum, 1994
Authors: Sloderbeck P. E. , Witt M. D. , Buschman L. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seed of three sorghum hybrids treated with 0, 2 or 4 oz AI of Gaucho per cwt were furnished by Gustafson, Inc. The hybrids used in the study were NC+ 271 (greenbug susceptible), DK 56 (biotype- E resistant), and Cargill 607E, (biotype-I resistant). All three hybrids were pretreated with Captan and Concept and the DK 56 was also pretreated with Apron. The seed was planted on 24 May in a modified Latin square design with three replications. Each plot was two rows wide (5 ft) and 22 ft long. The seed was planted at the rate of 5 g per row using a cone planter. On 23 Jul corn leaf aphid and greenbug populations were monitored by cutting off two plants per plot and counting the number of aphids on the plant and removing the whorl and counting the number of aphids observed as the leaves were unrolled. On 4-5 Aug, two plants were cut off at the base and visually examined to estimate greenbug numbers. Yield data were collected by machine harvesting the plots on 27 Oct.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against the Southern Green Stink Bug on Soybean in Louisiana, 1994
Authors: Lingren P. S. , Wier A. T. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Several insecticides were tested for efficacy of control against southern green stink bug in 3 small plot trials at the St. Gabriel Research Station in Iberville Parish, LA. Test 1 was conducted on 17 Aug on ‘Ring Around 452’ in the R6 growth stage. Tests 2 and 3 were conducted on 3 Sep on ‘Delta Pine 415’ in the R6 and R5 growth stages, respectively. Treatments in all tests were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were 50 ft by 5 rows (36 inch row spacing). Treatments were applied with a tractor using a compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 44 psi with 8002 flat fan nozzles. At 2 and 7 DAT, one 25 sweep sample was taken from each plot using a 15 inch diameter sweep net. Nymph and adult SGSB were counted. No rainfall was recorded during any of the tests.
Evaluation of Selected Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticides for Control of Soybean Looper in North Louisiana, 1994
Authors: Mascarenhas Rosanne N. , Wier Alan T. , Boethel David J. , Lingren P. Scott , Leonard B. Rogers 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field study was conducted at the Macon Ridge Branch, Northeast Research Station, located near Winnsboro (Franklin Parish), Louisiana, to evaluate the efficacy of several B. thuringiensis insecticides for soybean looper control. Test plots were 50 ft long by 5 rows with a 40 inch row spacing and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 38 psi through TX8 hollow cone nozzles (2 per row). Insecticide treatments were applied to soybeans in the R5 stage of growth (beginning seed) on 25 Aug. Posttreatment counts, consisting of 25 sweeps per plot, were taken with a 15 inch diameter muslin net at 2, 5, and 7 DAT. No rainfall occurred and the plots were not irrigated during the experimental period. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by means separation according to DMRT.
Control of Stink Bugs on Georgia Soybeans, 1994
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Mills Billy 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of 5 selected insecticides for control of stink bugs, velvetbean caterpillars, and soybean loopers was evaluated at the University of Georgia Attapulgus Research Center, Attapulgus, GA. The insecticides were foliarapplied on 30 Aug on ‘Essex’ soybeans planted in late May. Individual plots were 4 rows wide × 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 2 border rows on each side, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 17.6 gal/acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 3, 7, and 14 DAT, by taking a 20-sweep sample (15-inch diam net) from a single row. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) during the testing period. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test.
Evaluation of Dimilin and Benlate for Soybean Insect Pest and Disease Control, 1991
Authors: Way M. O. , Whitney N. G. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Soil type was a Midland silty clay loam. Plot size was 40 ft × 6 rows (32-inch row spacing). Plots were planted 4 Jun at about 10 seeds/ft. Immediately after planting, plots were treated with 2 pt Dual + 1 qt Roundup + % pt Scepter per acre. Soybeans emerged 10 Jun. On 16 Aug (when plants were R2—3 and insect pest populations were beginning to increase) treatments were applied to 4 rows of a plot using a Solo backpack sprayer. Finished spray volume was 20 gal/acre. Immediately before application and 5, 12, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after this initial application, plots were sampled for insects. Each sample consisted of shaking soybean plants along 9 ft of row over a vertical beat sheet. Insects were shaken and brushed from the vertical beat sheet into a plastic bag which was frozen for later inspection of the contents. One sample (9 ft of sampled row) was taken in each plot on each sample date. On 9 Sep (when soybeans were R5) a second application of Benlate was made to all treatments with Benlate (thus, after all treatments were applied, treated plots were exposed to a single application of Dimilin and/or a double application of Benlate). On the same dates plots were sampled for insects, 15 leaflets (5 each from top, middle, and bottom third of canopy) were randomly removed from each plot and taken to a laboratory where estimates of % defoliation were recorded by comparing leaflets with templates of leaflets of known defoliation. From time of initial application to the last sample date 5.26 inches of rain was recorded. On 21 and 29 Oct plots were visually rated for cercospora leaf blight and anthracnose disease severity, respectively. At maturity 120 ft of row in each plot were harvested with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture. Insect count data were transformed using Vx + 0.5 and all data analyzed by ANOVA and means separated by DMRT.
Foliar Sprays to Control Aphids in Wheat, Painter, Va, 1993
Authors: Speese III John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wheat was planted on 13 Nov at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot was 25 ft long by 5 ft wide and replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. EGA pressure was high with numbers approaching the treatment threshold of 25 aphids/ear in early May. The plots were sprayed on 9 May using a 3-nozzle flat fan boom backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Silwet L77 (0.25%) was added to each treatment. Counts of the number of EGA/ear were made on 50 randomly chosen ears/plot on the dates indicated in the table, and the plots were harvested on 7 Jul. EGA pressure had declined considerably on 25 May. Large numbers of predators (Coccinellidae, Syrphidae) were observed in the CGA 215944 (pymetrozine) treatments and in the check on each sampling date
Control of Barberry Aphid with Imidacloprid Formulations, 1994
Authors: Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established at a commercial nursery north of Ft. Collins, CO. Shrubs were grown in #5 nursery containers. Plot design was an RCB with 4 replications. All treatments were applied 20 May. Soil drench treatments were made by applying specified amount of insecticide diluted 1:1000 with water. Granules were spread in the container around the base of the shrub. Plants were watered by overhead irrigation once daily. Plots were sampled by counting the number of aphids present on 5 terminals. Plants suffered through some drought stress between 30 May and 9 Jun counts.
Control of Black Cutworms on a Bentgrass Golf Course Fairway, 1994
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Gaussoin R. E. , Heng T. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Conventional and biological insecticides were evaluated for control of BCW larvae on a golf course creeping bentgrass fairway in Lincoln, NE. The turf (100% creeping bentgrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 0.5 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.125 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0. Soil moisture was adequate throughout the study. Plots were 6 × 8 ft and the experimental design was an RCB with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 14 Jul 1994. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with an Lf-4 nozzle at 40 psi and delivering 5 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.5 inch of water. A total of 1.78 inch of rain fell during the post treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 4 DAT (18 Jul) by drenching two 6 ft2 areas in each plot with 0.5 oz. of lemon-scented dish washing detergent per gal of water. BCW were recorded as they appeared on the turf surface. Pretreatment estimated life stages were: 26% under 3rd instar, 7% 3rd instar, 16% 4th instar, 41% 5th instar, 7% 6th instar, and 3% 7th instar.
Midsummer Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Merit 75WSP on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewistown, Pa, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (26 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76CF; soil temperature at 2 inch, 74°F; RH, 85%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.50 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 31.1% sand, 46.4% silt, 22.5% clay; organic matter, 6.7%; soil moisture (oven baked) 23.1%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 4.4; and partly cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 42 DAT (6 Sep). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.