bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar wind‐generated current in the Lunar Dust Experiment
Authors: Xie Lianghai , Zhang Xiaoping , Zheng Yongchun , Guo Dawei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMeasurements from the Lunar Dust Experiment (LDEX) show that the current associated with lofted lunar dust lacks an altitude dependence, implying that the current may come from other sources. Here we present some evidences for solar wind (SW)‐generated current. Direct SW influx on the nightside can cause a large current, and the backscattered energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) on the dayside can bring a good correlation between the current and SW density. It is found that the current favors a lower SW speed and a smaller SW incident angle, but the dependences are also affected by the solar zenith angle (SZA) and the scattering function of ENAs. Picked‐up ions can enhance the current when the angle between the convection electric field and LDEX's normal is larger than 90°. But when the angle is smaller than 90°, the enhancement is negligible.
Inter‐El Niño variability in CMIP5 models: Model deficiencies and future changes
Authors: Yun Kyung‐Sook , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Ha Kyung‐Ja 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInter‐El Niño variability, which represents the diversity in spatiotemporal evolution among El Niño events, has been identified using the first two leading modes of sea surface temperature anomalies along the equator. The first mode represents the transition from El Niño into La Niña and the second mode reveals El Niño's persistence through the following spring. Here we examine the ability of models to capture inter‐El Niño variability and predict future changes due to global warming using historical and Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 simulations of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Most CMIP5 models realistically reproduce the first mode, but three fifths of the models fail to capture the second mode, with considerable intermodel diversity. The 10 best models are therefore selected according to a measurement of pattern correlation coefficients and normalized root‐mean‐square errors with respect to reproduction of the second mode. The results aggregated from the best models indicate that the first “transition” mode will remain unchanged from the present climate to the future climate; in contrast, the second “persistence” mode changes stochastically across the CMIP5 models. Consequently, we conclude that El Niño's transition into La Niña is the most dominant characteristic of simulated inter‐El Niño variability and will remain unswayed under global warming conditions. Model deficiency in simulating El Niño's persistence is a key source of uncertainty in modeling inter‐El Niño variability, resulting in difficulty predicting how certain characteristics of El Niño events may change with global warming.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Sulfonates in Inversions at Secondary Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups: A New and Improved Route Toward 3‐Azido‐3‐deoxy‐β‐D‐galactopyranosides.
Authors: Peterson Kristoffer , Weymouth‐Wilson Alex , Nilsson Ulf J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new method of using benzenesulfonates and imidazylates as leaving groups at the secondary C3 galactopyranose carbon, instead of the commonly used less stable triflate leaving group is developed to afford an improved and robust route toward the title compounds.
Differences in marital status and mortality by race/ethnicity and nativity among California cancer patients
Authors: Martínez María Elena , Anderson Kristin , Murphy James D. , Hurley Susan , Canchola Alison J. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Cheng Iona , Clarke Christina A. , Glaser Sally L. , Gomez Scarlett L. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDIt has been observed that married cancer patients have lower mortality rates than unmarried patients, but data for different racial/ethnic groups are scarce. The authors examined the risk of overall mortality associated with marital status across racial/ethnic groups and sex in data from the California Cancer Registry.METHODSCalifornia Cancer Registry data for all first primary invasive cancers diagnosed from 2000 through 2009 for the 10 most common sites of cancer‐related death for non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs), blacks, Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs), and Hispanics were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for marital status in relation to overall mortality by race/ethnicity and sex. The study cohort included 393,470 male and 389,697 female cancer patients and 204,007 and 182,600 deaths from all causes, respectively, through December 31, 2012.RESULTSAll‐cause mortality was higher in unmarried patients than in married patients, but there was significant variation by race/ethnicity. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) ranged from 1.24 (95% CI, 1.23‐1.26) in NHWs to 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07‐1.15) in APIs among males and from 1.17 (95% CI, 1.15‐1.18) in NHWs to 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04‐1.11) in APIs among females. All‐cause mortality associated with unmarried status compared with married status was higher in US‐born API and Hispanic men and women relative to their foreign‐born counterparts.CONCLUSIONSFor patients who have the cancers that contribute most to mortality, being unmarried is associated with worse overall survival compared with being married, with up to 24% higher mortality among NHW males but only 6% higher mortality among foreign‐born Hispanic and API females. Future research should pursue the identification of factors underlying these associations to inform targeted interventions for unmarried cancer patients. Cancer 2016;122:1570–8. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Bienzyme and Carbon Nanotubes Incorporated into an Os‐complex Thin Film for Continuous Glucose Detection in Human Saliva
Authors: Liu Jian , Sun Shanhui , Shang Hui , Lai Jiahui , Zhang Lili 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSaliva opens a door for noninvasive and painless glucose testing since it reflects changes in the body physiology of diabetic individuals as compared to healthy ones. In this paper, a unique, disposable saliva biosensor has been developed for accurate, low cost, and continuous glucose monitoring. The biosensor exhibits linear dependence of the catalytic current upon glucose bulk concentration over the 0.05–1.5 mM range (R=0.998). A detection limit of 0.003 mM can be calculated considering three times the standard deviation of the blank signal divided by the sensitivity of the sensor. The selectivity of the biosensor was evaluated by adding the interferent species of lactate, ascorbic acid and uric acid into in 0.5 mM glucose; the nearly negligible interference current indicates its good selectivity. The operational stability of the biosensor was measured in 1 mM glucose over a 2 h period (RSD=3.27 %). A clinical trial on real‐time noninvasive salivary glucose monitoring was carried out on 30 individuals by measuring subjects’ salivary glucose and blood glucose in parallel. The results show that there is a good correlation of glucose levels in saliva and in blood 2 h after breakfast. Thus, the disposable biosensor would be a potential alternative for continuous glucose detection in human saliva.
Improvement of multistep WENO scheme and its extension to higher orders of accuracy
Authors: Ma Yankai , Yan Zhenguo , Zhu Huajun 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper presents an efficient procedure for overcoming the deficiency of weighted essentially non‐oscillatory schemes near discontinuities. Through a thorough incorporation of smoothness indicators into the weights definition, up to ninth‐order accurate multistep methods are devised, providing weighted essentially non‐oscillatory schemes with enhanced order of convergence at transition points from smooth regions to a discontinuity, while maintaining stability and the essentially non‐oscillatory behavior. We also provide a detailed analysis of the resolution power and show that the solution enhancements of the new method at smooth regions come from their ability to render smoothness indicators closer to uniformity. The new scheme exhibits similar fidelity as other multistep schemes; however, with superior characteristics in terms of robustness and efficiency, as no logical statements or mapping function is needed. Extensions to higher orders of accuracy present no extra complexity. Numerical solutions of linear advection problems and nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws are used to demonstrate the scheme's improved behavior for shock‐capturing problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of marine ecosystem services indicators: Experiences and lessons learned from 14 European case studies
Authors: Lillebø Ana I , Somma Francesca , Norén Katja , Gonçalves Jorge , Alves M Fátima , Ballarini Elisabetta , Bentes Luis , Bielecka Malgorzata , Chubarenko Boris V , Heise Susanne , Khokhlov Valeriy , Klaoudatos Dimitris , Lloret Javier , Margonski Piotr , Marín Atucha , Matczak Magdalena , Oen Amy MP , Palmieri Maria G , Przedrzymirska Joanna , Różyński Grzegorz , Sousa Ana I , Sousa Lisa P , Tuchkovenko Yurii , Zaucha Jacek 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article shares the experiences, observations, and discussions that occurred during the completing of an ecosystem services (ES) indicator framework to be used at European Union (EU) and Member States' level. The experience base was drawn from 3 European research projects and 14 associated case study sites that include 13 transitional-water bodies (specifically 8 coastal lagoons, 4 riverine estuaries, and 1 fjord) and 1 coastal-water ecosystem. The ES pertinent to each case study site were identified along with indicators of these ES and data sources that could be used for mapping. During the process, several questions and uncertainties arose, followed by discussion, leading to these main lessons learned: 1) ES identification: Some ES that do not seem important at the European scale emerge as relevant at regional or local scales; 2) ES indicators: When direct indicators are not available, proxies for indicators (indirect indicators) might be used, including combined data on monitoring requirements imposed by EU legislation and international agreements; 3) ES mapping: Boundaries and appropriate data spatial resolution must be established because ES can be mapped at different temporal and spatial scales. We also acknowledge that mapping and assessment of ES supports the dialogue between human well-being and ecological status. From an evidence-based marine planning-process point of view, mapping and assessment of marine ES are of paramount importance to sustainable use of marine natural capital and to halt the loss of marine biodiversity. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:726–734. © 2016 SETAC
Stakeholder involvement for management of the coastal zone
Authors: Oen Amy MP , Bouma Geiske M , Botelho Maria , Pereira Patrícia , Haeger-Eugensson Marie , Conides Alexis , Przedrzymirska Joanna , Isaksson Ingela , Wolf Christina , Breedveld Gijs D , Slob Adriaan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The European Union (EU) has taken the lead to promote the management of coastal systems. Management strategies are implemented by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as the recent Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) Directive. Most EU directives have a strong focus on public participation; however, a recent review found that the actual involvement of stakeholders was variable. The “Architecture and roadmap to manage multiple pressures on lagoons” (ARCH) research project has developed and implemented participative methodologies at different case study sites throughout Europe. These cases represent a broad range of coastal systems, and they highlight different legislative frameworks that are relevant for coastal zone management. Stakeholder participation processes were subsequently evaluated at 3 case study sites in order to assess the actual implementation of participation in the context of their respective legislative frameworks: 1) Byfjorden in Bergen, Norway, in the context of the WFD; 2) Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece, in the context of the MSFD; and 3) Nordre Älv Estuary, Sweden, in the context of the MSP Directive. An overall assessment of the evaluation criteria indicates that the ARCH workshop series methodology of focusing first on the current status of the lagoon or estuary, then on future challenges, and finally on identifying management solutions provided a platform that was conducive for stakeholder participation. Results suggest that key criteria for a good participatory process were present and above average at the 3 case study sites. The results also indicate that the active engagement that was initiated at the 3 case study sites has led to capacity building among the participants, which is an important intermediary outcome of public participation. A strong connection between participatory processes and policy can ensure the legacy of the intermediary outcomes, which is an important and necessary start toward more permanent resource management outcomes such as ecological and economic improvement. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:701–710. © 2016 SETAC
A novel brain image segmentation using intuitionistic fuzzy C means algorithm
Authors: Prabu C. , Bavithiraja S.V.M.G. , Narayanamoorthy S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA process of splitting the image into pixel bands is the image segmentation. As medical imaging contain uncertainties, there are difficulties in classification of images into homogeneous regions. There is a need for segmentation algorithm for removing the noise from the medical image segmentation. The very popular algorithm is Fuzzy C‐Means (FCM) algorithm used for image segmentation. Fuzzy sets, rough sets, and the combination of fuzzy and rough sets play a prominent role in formalizing uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness in diagnosis. But it will use intensity values only which will be highly sensitive to noise. In this article, an Intuitionistic FCM (IFCM) algorithm is presented for clustering. Intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) sets are generalized sets and their elements are characterized by a membership value as well as nonmembership value. This IFCM has an uncertainty parameter which is called hesitation degree and a new objective function is integrated in the standard FCM based on IF entropy. The IFCM will provide better performance than FCM for image segmentation.
Influence of 6‐Hydroxydopamine Toxicity on α‐Synuclein Phosphorylation, Resting Vesicle Expression, and Vesicular Dopamine Release
Authors: Ganapathy Kavina , Datta Indrani , Sowmithra Sowmithra , Joshi Preeti , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPost mortem studies on familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease patient striatal tissue have shown that nearly 90% of α‐synuclein deposited in Lewy‐bodies is phosphorylated at serine‐129 (pSyn‐129) as opposed to only 4% in normal human brain. We aimed to find the influence of endogenous neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) on α‐synuclein phosphorylation, resting vesicles, and vesicular dopamine release. The relative distribution of pSyn‐129+ cells in apoptotic and non‐apoptotic populations at different 6‐OHDA concentrations was assessed along with changes in oxidant‐antioxidant system, mitochondrial membrane‐potential, and intracellular‐Ca2+. Exposing SH‐SY5Y cells to different concentrations of 6‐OHDA for 48 h showed cell‐death and apoptosis. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated an increase in pSyn‐129 with increasing 6‐OHDA concentration, and ELISA‐estimation showed a significant increase in the pSyn‐129 to α‐synuclein ratio. FACS analysis also showed a significant increase in pSyn‐129; and at sub‐lethal 6‐OHDA concentrations, pSyn‐129+ cells were primarily distributed in the non‐apoptotic population, suggesting that phosphorylation of α‐synuclein precedes apoptosis. At higher 6‐OHDA concentrations, the pSyn‐129+ cell count significantly increased in the apoptotic population and decreased in the non‐apoptotic population. Cytosolic co‐localization of α‐synuclein and ubiquitin was noticed at higher doses of 6‐OHDA. FACS analysis showed decrease in vesicular monoamine transporter‐2 (VMAT2) expression in 6‐OHDA‐treated cells, confirmed by reduction in functional dopamine‐release on KCl and ATP stimulation. Significant decrease in VMAT2 expression and vesicular dopamine‐release were observed with the lower 6‐OHDA concentration, together with mild occurrence of apoptosis and significant increase in phosphorylated α‐synuclein. This suggests that at sub‐lethal 6‐OHDA concentrations, the decrease in resting vesicles (VMAT2) and vesicular dopamine release are not attributable to apoptotic cell death and occur concomitantly with the phosphorylation of α‐synuclein. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2719–2736, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal aortopulmonary window: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Fotaki A. , Novaes J. , Jicinska H. , Carvalho J. S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAortopulmonary window is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery above the semilunar valves. Prenatal diagnosis is rare. We report four fetuses with aortopulmonary window and review the relevant literature. Approximately half of the reported cases had additional cardiac defects. None had chromosomal abnormalities. In cases with normal cardiac connections, the diagnosis can be made prenatally on the standard three‐vessel view, as seen in two of our cases. In one fetus with complete transposition of the great arteries, the diagnosis was made retrospectively on sagittal views. In the remaining case, the window was seen postnatally but could not be identified retrospectively due to the abnormal superoinferior relationship of the ventricles and vessels. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Six-year follow-up study of combined type ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Predictors of functional impairment and comorbid symptoms
Authors: Cadman T , Findon J. , Eklund H. , Hayward H. , Howley D. , Cheung C. , Kuntsi J. , Glaser K. , Murphy D. , Asherson P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundADHD in childhood is associated with development of negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in adults. Yet, relatively little is known about which childhood and adulthood factors are predictive of these outcomes and could be targets for effective interventions. To date follow-up studies have largely used clinical samples from the United States with children ascertained at baseline using broad criteria for ADHD including all clinical subtypes or the use of DSM III criteria.AimsTo identify child and adult predictors of comorbid and psychosocial comorbid outcomes in ADHD in a UK sample of children with DSM-IV combined type ADHD.MethodOne hundred and eighteen adolescents and young adults diagnosed with DSM-IV combined type ADHD in childhood were followed for an average of 6 years. Comorbid mental health problems, drug and alcohol use and police contact were compared for those with persistent ADHD, sub-threshold ADHD and population norms taken from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study 2007. Predictors included ADHD symptomology and gender.ResultsPersistent ADHD was associated with greater levels of anger, fatigue, sleep problems and anxiety compared to sub-threshold ADHD. Comorbid mental health problems were predicted by current symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not by childhood ADHD severity. Both persistent and sub-threshold ADHD was associated with higher levels of drug use and police contact compared to population norms.ConclusionsYoung adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD showed increased rates of comorbid mental health problems, which were predicted by current levels of ADHD symptoms. This suggests the importance of the continuing treatment of ADHD throughout the transitional years and into adulthood. Drug use and police contact were more common in ADHD but were not predicted by ADHD severity in this sample.
Crowdsourced estimation of cognitive decline and resilience in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Allen Genevera I. , Amoroso Nicola , Anghel Catalina , Balagurusamy Venkat , Bare Christopher J. , Beaton Derek , Bellotti Roberto , Bennett David A. , Boehme Kevin L. , Boutros Paul C. , Caberlotto Laura , Caloian Cristian , Campbell Frederick , Chaibub Neto Elias , Chang Yu‐Chuan , Chen Beibei , Chen Chien‐Yu , Chien Ting‐Ying , Clark Tim , Das Sudeshna , Davatzikos Christos , Deng Jieyao , Dillenberger Donna , Dobson Richard J.B. , Dong Qilin , Doshi Jimit , Duma Denise , Errico Rosangela , Erus Guray , Everett Evan , Fardo David W. , Friend Stephen H. , Fröhlich Holger , Gan Jessica , St George‐Hyslop Peter , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Glaab Enrico , Green Robert C. , Guan Yuanfang , Hong Ming‐Yi , Huang Chao , Hwang Jinseub , Ibrahim Joseph , Inglese Paolo , Iyappan Anandhi , Jiang Qijia , Katsumata Yuriko , Kauwe John S.K. , Klein Arno , Kong Dehan , Krause Roland , Lalonde Emilie , Lauria Mario , Lee Eunjee , Lin Xihui , Liu Zhandong , Livingstone Julie , Logsdon Benjamin A. , Lovestone Simon , Ma Tsung‐wei , Malhotra Ashutosh , Mangravite Lara M. , Maxwell Taylor J. , Merrill Emily , Nagorski John , Namasivayam Aishwarya , Narayan Manjari , Naz Mufassra , Newhouse Stephen J. , Norman Thea C. , Nurtdinov Ramil N. , Oyang Yen‐Jen , Pawitan Yudi , Peng Shengwen , Peters Mette A. , Piccolo Stephen R. , Praveen Paurush , Priami Corrado , Sabelnykova Veronica Y. , Senger Philipp , Shen Xia , Simmons Andrew , Sotiras Aristeidis , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Tangaro Sabina , Tateo Andrea , Tung Yi‐An , Tustison Nicholas J. , Varol Erdem , Vradenburg George , Weiner Michael W. , Xiao Guanghua , Xie Lei , Xie Yang , Xu Jia , Yang Hojin , Zhan Xiaowei , Zhou Yunyun , Zhu Fan , Zhu Hongtu , Zhu Shanfeng ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2016

AbstractIdentifying accurate biomarkers of cognitive decline is essential for advancing early diagnosis and prevention therapies in Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's disease DREAM Challenge was designed as a computational crowdsourced project to benchmark the current state‐of‐the‐art in predicting cognitive outcomes in Alzheimer's disease based on high dimensional, publicly available genetic and structural imaging data. This meta‐analysis failed to identify a meaningful predictor developed from either data modality, suggesting that alternate approaches should be considered for prediction of cognitive performance.