bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Short and Long Mobilities Together: Place Attachment and Community Dynamics in Mouraria, Lisbon
Authors: Alba Maria , Batel Susana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe increase in mobilities over the last decades has facilitated the circulation of people, with short‐ and long‐term mobility practices often intertwining in the same destinations. Alongside migration processes of long‐term mobility to search for better living conditions, short mobility processes, such as touristification, started to significantly shape some cities and their communities in Southern Europe. This study examines place attachments, community and cultural dynamics of ‘migrant’ and ‘local’ residents of Mouraria, a historic and multicultural neighbourhood in Lisbon, and the consequences of touristification on those. Through walking interviews with ‘local’ residents and long‐term ‘migrants’ (n = 20), we concluded that most of the interviewed ‘migrants’ presented a traditional‐active place attachment associated both with proximity to their culture of origin and practices envisioning the well‐being of the neighbourhood's community. Additionally, we found that the essentialisation of Mouraria's community life (‘bairrismo’) was endorsed mainly by ‘local’ residents and associated with a conditional acceptance of new residents, while touristification tended to highlight structural social injustices for both ‘local’ and ‘migrant’ residents. We discuss how the community dynamics created between these different mobility processes contribute to generate multicultural and community practices in both groups of residents.
Analysis of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, Acute Toxicity, and Antinociceptive Properties of Aqueous Extract of Origanum Majorana L.
Authors: El Amiri My Ahmed , Kabdy Hamid , Aitbaba Abdelfatah , Laadraoui Jawad , Aboufatima Rachida , El Yazouli Loubna , Abdelmounaim Baslam , Moubtakir Soad , Garzoli Stefania , Abderrahman Chait 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPharmacological evaluation showed that AEOM significantly reduced pain in an animal model, suggesting potential analgesic properties. Acute toxicity studies indicated no adverse effects on kidney and liver function or blood parameters at doses up to 800 mg/kg. The analgesic effect is likely mediated by flavonoids in the extract, which may inhibit pain pathways. These findings suggest that O. majorana has promising therapeutic applications, particularly as a natural analgesic agent.
Detection Strategies for Sialic Acid and Sialoglycoconjugates
Authors: Hunter Carmanah D. , Cairo Christopher W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlycoconjugates are a vast class of biomolecules implicated in biological processes important for human health and disease. The structural complexity of glycoconjugates remains a challenge to deciphering their precise biological roles and for their development as biomarkers and therapeutics. Human glycoconjugates on the outside of the cell are modified with sialic (neuraminic) acid residues at their termini. The enzymes that install sialic acids are sialyltransferases (SiaTs), a family of 20 different isoenzymes. The removal and degradation of sialic acids is mediated by neuraminidase (NEU; sialidase) enzymes, of which there are four isoenzymes. In this review, we discuss chemical and biochemical approaches for the detection and analysis of sialoglycoconjugate (SGC) structures and their enzymatic products. The most common methods include affinity probes and synthetic substrates. Fluorogenic and radiolabelled substrates are also important tools for many applications, including screening for enzyme inhibitors. Strategies that give insight into the native substrate‐specificity of enzymes that regulate SGCs (SiaT & NEU) are necessary to improve our understanding of the role of sialic acid metabolism in health and disease.
Structure and Dynamics in Solid Electrolyte Composites of the Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal HMGFSI and Lithium Sulphonamide Functional Acrylate Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: García Yady , Porcarelli Luca , Kang Colin , Zhu Haijin , Mecerreyes David , Forsyth Maria , O'Dell Luke A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolid electrolyte composites between organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) and polymers can potentially show enhanced mechanical properties and ion conduction. These properties can be determined by the formation of interfacial regions which affect the structure, thermal properties, and ion transport of the composite material. Here we studied the properties of composites between the OIPC hexamethylguanidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (HMGFSI) and acrylate polymer nanoparticles functionalised with lithium, using various techniques including solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. An enhancement in ionic conductivity of three orders of magnitude as well as increased lithium and OIPC cation and anion dynamics were observed in the composite as prepared with 40 v% of polymer nanoparticles with respect to the pure OIPC at 50 °C. This was attributed to the increased overall structural disorder as a result of the formation of disordered interfacial regions, which were evidenced by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the importance of the thermal history of these composites is highlighted, with differences in the conductivity and ion dynamics observed after melting and recrystallizing the OIPC component, leading to less disordered interfacial regions. This study enriches our fundamental understanding of the formation of interfacial regions in OIPC composites and their effect on the bulk properties of the electrolyte.
Facile Synthesis Route for Bulk Production of Complex Fullerene‐Like MoS2 Nanostructures With Enhanced Tribological Properties
Authors: Drnovšek Aljaž , Vengust Damjan , Šumandl Patrik , Korbar Domen , Mrzel Aleš , Vilfan Mojca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMolybdenum‐based nanoparticles are often used as oil additives to enhance a material's tribological performance. Here, we present a highly efficient synthetic route for the bulk production of two types of MoS2 nanostructures: multi‐wall nanotubes and fullerene‐like nanostructures. The presented two‐step synthesis involves the transformation of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate and aniline into precursor nanowires, which are later transformed into MoS2 through heating in a H2S, H2, and argon atmosphere to approximately 800 °C. Depending on the heating rate, we successfully grew MoS2 layered compounds in various shapes and sizes. The resulting structures and compositions were characterised by X‐ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. To assess the application potential of these MoS2 compounds, they were dispersed in polyalphaolefin (PAO 6) oil. Improved tribological properties were observed compared to typically used transition metal dichalcogenides.
The TELCoMB Protocol for High‐Sensitivity Detection of ARG‐MGE Colocalizations in Complex Microbial Communities
Authors: Bravo Jonathan E. , Slizovskiy Ilya , Bonin Nathalie , Oliva Marco , Noyes Noelle , Boucher Christina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. One necessary step is to identify the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) within a microbial population, referred to as the resistome, as well as the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) harboring ARGs. Although shotgun metagenomics has been successful in detecting ARGs and MGEs within a microbiome, it is limited by low sensitivity. Enrichment using cRNA biotinylated probes has been applied to address this limitation, enhancing the detection of rare ARGs and MGEs, especially when combined with long‐read sequencing. Here, we present the TELCoMB protocol, a Snakemake workflow that elucidates resistome and mobilome composition and diversity and uncovers ARG‐MGE colocalizations. The protocol supports both short‐ and long‐read sequencing and does not require enrichment, making it versatile for various genomic data types. TELCoMB generates publication‐ready figures and CSV files for comprehensive analysis, improving our understanding of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and spread. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Installing TELCOMB LocallyAlternate Protocol: Installing TELCOMB on a SLURM ClusterBasic Protocol 2: Data PreprocessingBasic Protocol 3: Calculation of Resistome Distribution and CompositionBasic Protocol 4: Identification of ARG‐MGE Colocalizations
Win‐Win Strategies Enable Efficient Anode‐Less Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Hung Tai‐Feng , Amirtha Rene Mary , Yang Chun‐Chen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBoosting the energy and power densities of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices to broaden their practicality is of great significance and emergently desirable. Recently, the EES cells with an anode‐free concept have been announced to realize those targets. Herein, 20 μm of a zincophilic layer prepared by blending ZIF‐8 and sodium alginate (SA) is uniformly coated on Cu foil (Z8‐SA@Cu) as an alternative anode for anode‐less zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ALZHSCs). Contributing by the distinctive features evidenced by electrochemical measurements and post‐mortem analyses: (1) less nucleation barrier and overpotential, (2) limited zincate formation, (3) improved Zn2+ flux and (4) efficient Zn plating/stripping, the as‐prepared Z8‐SA@Cu is rationally considered to be a promising anode for ALZHSCs. Encouragingly, the assembled ALZHSC device not only delivers an impressive rate capability (40 mAh/g at 1 mA/cm2 and 34 mAh/g at 10 mA/cm2) but also achieves the excellent cycling stability (capacity retention: 88 % after 12,000 cycles at 5 mA). Most importantly, the ALZHSC device also reveals significant increases in gravimetric energy density and high‐power ability as compared to the traditional ZHSCs.
Effect‐Directed Synthesis of a Dithioacetal Tyrosinase Inhibitor
Authors: Escalante Andrea M. , Riera Micaela B. , Salazar Mario O. , Furlan Ricardo L. E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraditional methods for discovering bioactive compounds can be time‐consuming and resource‐intensive, often requiring extensive synthesis and evaluation. To address these challenges, this study combines TLC‐based assays with dithioacetal mixture‐library preparation, enabling rapid and effective bioactivity screening. Tyrosinase, an enzyme crucial for melanin production and fruit browning, serves as a significant therapeutic target in this context. Despite the substantial potential of sulfur‐containing compounds in medicinal chemistry, the use of dithioacetals in drug discovery remains limited. In this study, two small libraries of dithioacetals, comprising more than 150 compounds, were prepared as mixture‐libraries and screened on TLC by directly measuring tyrosinase activity on the plate surface. This approach facilitated the efficient preparation and identification of a potent, simple, and readily accessible dithioacetal inhibitor of tyrosinase, with the entire process being conducted on a low milligram scale.
Health Profile Transitions and the Association With Cognitive Impairment in Older Nursing Home Residents With Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Yuan Yiyang , Barooah Adrita , Lapane Kate L. , Mack Deborah , Rothschild Anthony J. , Ulbricht Christine M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesIn older U.S. nursing home residents with suicidal ideation (SI), limited studies have longitudinally investigated their health changes as related to cognitive function. This study aimed to identify the health profiles and the transitions between profiles at admission and 90‐days and examine the associations with cognitive impairment.MethodsUsing Minimum Data Set 3.0 (2011–15), we identified 10,079 older residents without severe cognitive impairment who reported SI on Patient Health Questionnaire‐9. Health profile indicators included at‐admission and 90‐day post‐admission depressive symptoms, frailty, and pain frequency and intensity. Using latent transition analysis, we identified distinct health profiles, examined the transitions between profiles over time, and estimated their associations with cognitive impairment.ResultsOne third of residents continued to report SI at 90 days. The five health profiles identified at admission were distinctive with varying levels of frailty, depressive symptoms, and pain, from the most severe Profile 1 characterized by frailty, all depressive symptoms, and horrible or frequent pain, to the least severe Profile 5 characterized by pre‐frailty, depressed mood, and no pain. The 90‐day profiles were mostly consistent. Most residents remained in a similar profile over time. Relative to residents with intact cognition/mild cognitive impairment, those with moderate impairment were less likely to belong to profiles characterized by more depressive symptoms and pain.ConclusionsResidents with SI had heterogeneous health profiles, which varied by cognitive impairment levels, but showed minimal changes despite being in a medically supervised setting. Findings highlighted the critical need for adequate recognition and management of SI in nursing homes.
A meta‐analysis of letter–sound integration: Assimilation and accommodation in the superior temporal gyrus
Authors: Gao Danqi , Liang Xitong , Ting Qi , Nichols Emily Sophia , Bai Zilin , Xu Chaoying , Cai Mingnan , Liu Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite being a relatively new cultural phenomenon, the ability to perform letter–sound integration is readily acquired even though it has not had time to evolve in the brain. Leading theories of how the brain accommodates literacy acquisition include the neural recycling hypothesis and the assimilation–accommodation hypothesis. The neural recycling hypothesis proposes that a new cultural skill is developed by “invading” preexisting neural structures to support a similar cognitive function, while the assimilation–accommodation hypothesis holds that a new cognitive skill relies on direct invocation of preexisting systems (assimilation) and adds brain areas based on task requirements (accommodation). Both theories agree that letter–sound integration may be achieved by reusing pre‐existing functionally similar neural bases, but differ in their proposals of how this occurs. We examined the evidence for each hypothesis by systematically comparing the similarities and differences between letter–sound integration and two other types of preexisting and functionally similar audiovisual (AV) processes, namely object–sound and speech–sound integration, by performing an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis. All three types of AV integration recruited the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), while speech–sound integration additionally activated the bilateral middle STG and letter–sound integration directly invoked the AV areas involved in speech–sound integration. These findings suggest that letter–sound integration may reuse the STG for speech–sound and object–sound integration through an assimilation–accommodation mechanism.
Cancers attributable to diet in Italy
Authors: Turati Federica , Alicandro Gianfranco , Collatuzzo Giulia , Pelucchi Claudio , Malvezzi Matteo , Parazzini Fabio , Negri Eva , Boffetta Paolo , La Vecchia Carlo , Di Maso Matteo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer burden can be reduced by controlling modifiable risk factors, including diet. We provided an evidence‐based assessment of cancer cases and deaths attributable to diet in Italy in 2020. We considered dietary factor‐cancer type pairs for which the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research – Continuous Update Project reported either ‘convincing’ or ‘probable’ evidence of causal association. Relative risks were retrieved from recent meta‐analyses and dietary intakes (around 2005) from a national food consumption survey. Sex‐specific population attributable fractions (PAFs) were computed by comparing the distribution of dietary intakes in the Italian population against counterfactual scenarios based on dietary recommendations. Using data from national cancer and mortality registries in 2020, we estimated the number of attributable cancer cases and deaths, assuming ~15‐year lag period. Unhealthy diet accounted for 6.3% (95% CI: 2.5%–9.9%) of all cancer cases in men and 4.5% (95% CI: 1.7%–7.4%) in women. PAFs of colorectal cancer were 10.5% and 7.0% for any intake of processed meat, 3.3% and 2.0% for high red meat, 4.8% and 4.3% for low dairy products, and 7.9% and 9.0% for low fiber intakes in men and women, respectively. PAFs for low intake of non‐starchy vegetables and fruit ranged from 0.8% to 16.5% in men and 0.6%–17.8% in women for cancers of the aerodigestive tract. The estimated cancer burden associated with unfavorable dietary habits in Italy is considerable, but appears lower than for other high‐income countries, reflecting the typically Mediterranean diet.
Severe hyponatremia in obstetrics: Presentations and outcome. Retrospective cohort over 10 years
Authors: Elbarbary Nouran , Datta Tamal , Viswanatha Radhika , Johnstone Helen , Shehata Hassan , Ganapathy Ramesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHyponatremia in labor and the postpartum period is generally underreported. In this study we aimed to identify attributable causes of severe hyponatremia in an obstetric population and define maternal outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study, in a single center over a period of 10 years. The study setting was an NHS maternity trust serving a multi‐ethnic population in southwest London. The hospital cared for 53 649 pregnant women in the study period. All patients with severe hyponatremia in labor and immediate postpartum period from January 2011 until December 2020 were identified from the laboratory database. Individual case notes were analyzed for fluid use, use and duration of oxytocin, medical conditions, and delivery details. Severe peripartum hyponatremia was identified in 77 patients. A total of 28% of those analyzed required ITU admission for electrolyte correction, of whom 6% presented with severe neurologic symptoms, making symptoms a poor marker of severity (P = 0.051). The main association was to oxytocin and intravenous fluid infusions (80% and 86%, respectively), only one‐third of patients had pre‐eclampsia. Other associated medical conditions did not appear to have a significant influence on disease course nor prognosis (P = 0.359). Hyponatremia during labor can have detrimental effect on maternal outcomes. Lower threshold for testing and diligent maintenance of fluid balance charts during labor can help with primary prevention.
Cervical ripening with a double balloon device for 6 h in patients with a long cervix: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sammour Rami , Dikopoltsev Elena , Sagi Shlomi , Vitner Dana , Bleicher Inna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether cervical ripening with a double balloon device for 6 h is as effective as 12 h in patients with a cervical length ≥ 30 mm measured on transvaginal ultrasound before induction of labor, and to determine whether patients with a long cervix need to have the balloon placed for a longer time.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial that compared maternal and neonatal outcomes between women undergoing cervical ripening with a double balloon device for 6 h (study group) versus 12 h (control group). In this secondary analysis, we included only patients who had cervical length ≥ 30 mm measured on transvaginal ultrasound on admission. Our primary outcome was a Bishop score change after removal of the device. Secondary outcomes included insertion to delivery interval, mode of delivery, and oxytocin infusion duration.ResultsSixty‐seven women met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis: 33 in the 6‐h group and 34 in the 12‐h group. Maternal characteristics were similar between both groups. Bishop score difference between the preinsertion and the postremoval scores were similar in the two groups (2.67 ± 1.8 vs. 2.53 ± 1.69, P = 0.76), while insertion to delivery time was 10 h shorter in the 6‐h group (20.95 vs. 31.21, P = 0.02; mean difference, −10.26 [95% CI, −19.0 to −1.51]). The other secondary outcomes remained similar in both groups.ConclusionIn women undergoing induction of labor who have a cervical length ≥ 30 mm measured on admission transvaginal ultrasound, removing a double balloon device after 6 h achieved similar Bishop score changes as removal after 12 h, but significantly reduced the time to delivery.Registration at Clinical Trialshttps://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03045939.
Research and scholarly methods: Research collaboration
Authors: Smith Susan E. , Bland Christopher M. , Branan Trisha N. , Sikora Andrea , Hawkins William Anthony 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of research and scholarly productivity is critical for clinician scientists, yet achieving impactful outcomes often necessitates collaboration within a well‐structured team. This review explores the foundational elements of team building that support sustained research productivity among health care professionals and academicians. Drawing on principles from team science, the importance of establishing a shared vision and mission, fostering authentic relationships, and creating an efficient infrastructure to enhance and sustain collaborative efforts is discussed. The four stages of team development—forming, storming, norming, and performing—are examined to provide insights into the dynamic nature of teamwork. Emphasizing the need for intentional practices, we highlight methods for identifying and integrating team members, managing conflicts, and leveraging diverse skill sets to achieve collective goals. Best practices for sustaining research teams, including the implementation of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, Time‐related) goals, regular retreats, and strategic alignment of activities to maximize output are also discussed. Two collaborative teams are used as exemplars to illustrate the successful application of these principles, resulting in significant scholarly output. By understanding and applying the concepts of team building, clinician scientists can enhance their research output, contribute to the advancement of health care, and achieve a fulfilling and sustainable career.
Ti3C2Tx‐UHMWPE Nanocomposites—Towards an Enhanced Wear‐Resistance of Biomedical Implants
Authors: Rothammer Benedict , Feile Klara , Werner Siegfried , Frank Rainer , Bartz Marcel , Wartzack Sandro , Schubert Dirk W. , Drummer Dietmar , Detsch Rainer , Wang Bo , Rosenkranz Andreas , Marian Max 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThere is an urgent need to enhance the mechanical and biotribological performance of polymeric materials utilized in biomedical devices such as load‐bearing artificial joints, notably ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). While two‐dimensional (2D) materials like graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO, or hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) have shown promise as reinforcement phases in polymer matrix composites (PMCs), the potential of MXenes, known for their chemical inertness, mechanical robustness, and wear‐resistance, remains largely unexplored in biotribology. This study aims to address this gap by fabricating Ti3C2T
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‐UHMWPE nanocomposites using compression molding. Primary objectives include enhancements in mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biotribological performance, particularly in terms of friction and wear resistance in cobalt chromium alloy pin‐on‐UHMWPE disk experiments lubricated by artificial synovial fluid. Thereby, no substantial changes in the indentation hardness or the elastic modulus are observed, while the analysis of the resulting wettability and surface tension as well as indirect and direct in vitro evaluation do not point towards cytotoxicity. Most importantly, Ti3C2T
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‐reinforced PMCs substantially reduce friction and wear by up to 19% and 44%, respectively, which was attributed to the formation of an easy‐to‐shear transfer film.