bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and biological implications of different U2AF1 mutation types in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Li Bing , Liu Jinqin , Jia Yujiao , Wang Jingya , Xu Zefeng , Qin Tiejun , Shi Zhongxun , Song Zhen , Peng Shuailing , Huang Huijun , Fang Liwei , Zhang Hongli , Pan Lijuan , Hu Naibo , Qu Shiqiang , Zhang Yue , Wu Jian , Liu Na , Ru Kun , Huang Gang , Xiao Zhijian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractU2AF1 mutations (U2AF1MT) occur commonly in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) without ring sideroblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and biological implications of different U2AF1 mutation types in MDS. We performed targeted gene sequencing in a cohort of 511 MDS patients. Eighty‐six patients (17%) were found to have U2AF1MT, which occurred more common in younger patients (P = .001) and represented ancestral lesions in a substantial proportion (71%) of cases. ASXL1MT and isolated +8 were significantly enriched in U2AF1MT‐positive cases, whereas TP53MT, SF3B1MT, and complex karyotypes were inversely associated with U2AF1MT. U2AFS34 subjects were enriched for isolated +8 and were inversely associated with complex karyotypes. U2AF1MT was significantly associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and poor survival in both lower‐risk and higher‐risk MDS. U2AF1S34 subjects had more frequently platelet levels of <50 × 109/L (P = .043) and U2AF1Q157/U2AF1R156 subjects had more frequently hemoglobin concentrations at <80 g/L (P = .008) and more often overt fibrosis (P = .049). In conclusion, our study indicates that U2AF1MT is one of the earliest genetic events in MDS patients and that different types of U2AF1MT have distinct clinical and biological characteristics.
An investigation of regional cerebral blood flow and tissue structure changes after acute administration of antipsychotics in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Hawkins Peter C.T. , Wood Tobias C. , Vernon Anthony C. , Bertolino Alessandro , Sambataro Fabio , Dukart Juergen , Merlo‐Pich Emilio , Risterucci Celine , Silber‐Baumann Hanna , Walsh Eamonn , Mazibuko Ndabezinhle , Zelaya Fernando O. , Mehta Mitul A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic administration of antipsychotic drugs has been linked to structural brain changes observed in patients with schizophrenia. Recent MRI studies have shown rapid changes in regional brain volume following just a single dose of these drugs. However, it is not clear if these changes represent real volume changes or are artefacts (“apparent” volume changes) due to drug‐induced physiological changes, such as increased cerebral blood flow (CBF). To address this, we examined the effects of a single, clinical dose of three commonly prescribed antipsychotics on quantitative measures of T1 and regional blood flow of the healthy human brain. Males (n = 42) were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, three‐period cross‐over study design. One group received a single oral dose of either 0.5 or 2 mg of risperidone or placebo during each visit. The other received olanzapine (7.5 mg), haloperidol (3 mg), or placebo. MR measures of quantitative T1, CBF, and T1‐weighted images were acquired at the estimated peak plasma concentration of the drug. All three drugs caused localized increases in striatal blood flow, although drug and region specific effects were also apparent. In contrast, all assessments of T1 and brain volume remained stable across sessions, even in those areas experiencing large changes in CBF. This illustrates that a single clinically relevant oral dose of an antipsychotic has no detectable acute effect on T1 in healthy volunteers. We further provide a methodology for applying quantitative imaging methods to assess the acute effects of other compounds on structural MRI metrics. Hum Brain Mapp 39:319–331, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional subdivisions within the human intraparietal sulcus are involved in visuospatial transformation in a non‐context‐dependent manner
Authors: Papadopoulos Alexandra , Sforazzini Francesco , Egan Gary , Jamadar Sharna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObject‐based visuospatial transformation is important for the ability to interact with the world and the people and objects within it. In this preliminary investigation, we hypothesized that object‐based visuospatial transformation is a unitary process invoked regardless of current context and is localized to the intraparietal sulcus. Participants (n = 14) performed both antisaccade and mental rotation tasks while scanned using fMRI. A statistical conjunction confirmed that both tasks activated the intraparietal sulcus. Statistical parametric anatomical mapping determined that the statistical conjunction was localized to intraparietal sulcus subregions hIP2 and hIP3. A Gaussian naïve Bayes classifier confirmed that the conjunction in region hIP3 was indistinguishable between tasks. The results provide evidence that object‐based visuospatial transformation is a domain‐general process that is invoked regardless of current context. Our results are consistent with the modular model of the posterior parietal cortex and the distinct cytoarchitectonic, structural, and functional connectivity profiles of the subregions in the intraparietal sulcus. Hum Brain Mapp 39:354–368, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Affective creativity meets classic creativity in the scanner
Authors: Perchtold Corinna M. , Papousek Ilona , Koschutnig Karl , Rominger Christian , Weber Hannelore , Weiss Elisabeth M. , Fink Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe investigation of neurocognitive processes underlying more real‐life creative behavior is among the greatest challenges in creativity research. In this fMRI study, we addressed this issue by investigating functional patterns of brain activity while participants were required to be creative in an affective context. Affective creativity was assessed in terms of individual's inventiveness in generating alternative appraisals for anger‐evoking events, which has recently emerged as a new ability concept in cognitive reappraisal research. In addition, a classic divergent thinking task was administered. Both creativity tasks yielded strong activation in left prefrontal regions, indicating their shared cognitive processing demands like the inhibition of prepotent responses, shifting between different perspectives and controlled memory retrieval. Regarding task‐specific differences, classic creative ideation activated a characteristic divergent thinking network comprising the left supramarginal, inferior temporal, and inferior frontal gyri. Affective creativity on the other hand specifically recruited the right superior frontal gyrus, presumably involved in the postretrieval monitoring of reappraisal success, and core hubs of the default‐mode network, which are also implicated in social cognition. As a whole, by taking creativity research to the realm of emotion, this study advances our understanding of how more real‐life creativity is rooted in the brain. Hum Brain Mapp 39:393–406, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From mutational inactivation to aberrant gain‐of‐function: Unraveling the structural basis of mutant p53 oncogenic transition
Authors: Olotu Fisayo A. , Soliman Mahmoud E.S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVarious evidence has revealed that mutations in p53 exert activities that go beyond simply inactivation of wildtype functions but rather elicits downstream interactions that promote malignancy described as mutant p53 gain‐of‐function (GOF). Here we report the first account of the dynamics of mutation‐induced structural transition of native p53 to an aberrant gain‐of‐function state, studying the wildtype (WT) and high incidence contact (R273C) and structural (R175H) mutant p53 (mutp53) through molecular dynamics simulation. Result analysis revealed that both mutants exhibited structural distortion and reduced flexibility, indicative of rigidity and kinetic stability. In addition, surface analysis revealed an increase in the accessible surface area in the p53 mutants. This suggests that the GOF transition involves protein unfolding and exposure of buried hydrophobic surface essential for interaction with HSF‐1 oncogenic partner and wildtype p63, and p73 homologs. Further validation revealed binding cavities, similar in the mutants but dissimilar to the WT. Taken together, this study complements experimental findings and reveals the interplay between mutation‐induced structural distortion, loss of flexibility, rigidity, enhanced stability, protein unfolding and ultimately, exposure of binding surfaces as conformational attributes that characterize mutP53 structure‐GOF activities. This insight is, therefore, of great importance as it opens up a novel therapeutic approach toward the structure based targeting of mutP53 oncogenic involvement beyond wildtype inactivation. Furthermore, “exposed” binding site information obtained from this study can be explored for structure‐based design of substances best described as “destabilizers” to disrupt the GOF interaction of mutp53.
GCNF regulates OCT4 expression through its interactions with nuclear receptor binding elements in NCCIT cells
Authors: Park Sung‐Won , Do Hyun‐Jin , Choi Wonbin , Kim Jin‐Hoi , Song Hyuk , Seo Han Geuk , Kim Jae‐Hwan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate that OCT4 expression is regulated by germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) via its interactions with three nuclear receptor (NR) binding sites within OCT4 promoter conserved regions (CRs) in human embryonic carcinoma (EC) NCCIT cells. OCT4 expression is gradually reduced during the retinoic acid‐induced differentiation, while GCNF temporarily increased after 2 days and then significantly decreased. In addition, OCT4 expression is significantly reduced by overexpression of exogenous GCNF, but increased by GCNF shRNA‐mediated knockdown. The transcriptional activity of OCT4 is significantly inhibited by dose‐dependent overexpression of GCNF. While mutants at each of the NR binding sites retain the repressive effects of GCNF on OCT4 promoter activity, the repressive effect was completely eliminated in the reporter construct with all binding sites mutated even in the presence of GCNF. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of native minimal promoter (CR1‐Luc) containing the first NR binding site was significantly reduced by GCNF overexpression, while the mutant retained basal activity to some extent. Next, an exogenous minimal ti promoter‐inserted CR2 reporter construct containing the second and third NR binding sites (CR2‐ti‐Luc) was co‐transfected with GCNF expression vector. The transcriptional activity of CR2‐ti‐Luc was significantly decreased by GCNF overexpression, while mutation of both binding sites retained the transcriptional activity of the reporter construct. Binding assays confirmed the direct interaction of GCNF with all three NR binding sites cooperatively. Taken together, GCNF acts as a transcriptional repressor in the regulation of OCT4 gene expression through cooperative interaction with three NR binding elements in pluripotent NCCIT cells.
S14G‐humanin alleviates insulin resistance and increases autophagy in neurons of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse
Authors: Han Kun , Jia Ning , Zhong Yi , Shang Xiuli 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ plaque deposition in the brain, which is related to the disorder of autophagosome maturation, transport, and formation of autolysosome. Notably, abnormal insulin signaling is connected with cognitive dysfunction in AD. In this study, using APP/PS1 transgenic mice as AD model, we investigated the mechanism by which S14G‐humanin (HNG) improved autophagy and insulin signaling in AD brain. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the levels of mTOR and Aβ deposition, and Western blot analysis was used to determine IRS‐1, IRS‐1 pSEr636, ULK1, p62, LC3 I/LC3 II protein levels. Our results demonstrated that HNG could improve the learning ability and memory in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, possibly through decreasing IRS‐1 Ser636 phosphorylation and mTOR protein expression in the hippocampus, thus improving insulin resistance in the brain. In addition, HNG increased ULK1 expression, decreased p62 and LC3 I/LC3 II protein levels, thus enhancing autophagy and decreasing Aβ deposition in the brain. Taken together, our results suggest that through the regulation of IRS‐1/mTOR insulin signaling in the hippocampus, HNG increases the activity of autophagy and decreases Aβ deposition in the brain, and improves learning ability and memory of AD mice.
A longitudinal investigation of the psychological health of United States Air Force base communities
Authors: Lorber Michael F. , Heyman Richard E. , Slep Amy M. Smith 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe longitudinal course of the psychological health (PH) of United States Air Force (USAF) base communities in relation to risk and demographic factors was studied over a 5‐year period. PH (clinically significant hazardous drinking, prescription drug misuse, depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, intimate partner violence [IPV] and child abuse) and risk (personal and family adjustment, workplace adjustment, broader community adjustment) and demographic factors (age and gender distribution) were operationalized at the aggregate level for bases (N = 77) as measured in three large scale surveys of USAF active duty members. Bases whose members collectively exhibited greater levels of risk collectively experienced greater initial problems with alcohol and drug use, depression, suicidality, and physical IPV. Hazardous drinking more quickly increased at bases whose members were younger and more male, and at those with poorer initial aggregate personal adjustment and workplace adjustment. The challenges of studying the community‐level course of PH are highlighted.
Recovery of butanol from Clostridium beijerinckii P260 fermentation broth by supercritical CO2 extraction
Authors: Qureshi Nasib , Eller Fred 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDButanol is a superior biofuel to ethanol because of its blend properties and higher energy density. However, its recovery by distillation from the fermentation broth is energy intensive. For this reason, butanol recovery by supercritical CO2 extraction from simulated and actual fermentation broths was studied. Recovery of butanol by this technique has numerous advantages including being environmentally favorable, avoiding use of costly chemicals or membranes, and compatible with the microbial culture.RESULTSFor the model solution extraction process, feed contained 7.00, 12.00, and 1.00 g L−1 acetone, butanol, ethanol (ABE), respectively, to mimic the actual concentrations obtained in the fermentation broth. In the extract phase, butanol concentration obtained ranged from 460.4 to 573.2 g L−1 with butanol selectivities ranging from 128 to 204.8. ABE recovery was also successfully demonstrated using actual fermentation broth of C. beijerinckii P260.CONCLUSIONSupercritical CO2 extraction was successfully used for recovery of all three (ABE) components. Fermentation broth raffinate (feed depleted in ABE after recovery) was also reused for a second fermentation thus allowing process water recycle. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Simulation of graphitic contacts to p‐type Si using a metal‐resistor‐semiconductor (M‐R‐S) model implemented in TCAD
Authors: Alnassar M.S.N. , Luong S. , Tran H.N. , Partridge J.G. , Holland A.S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we describe simulations of highly rectifying carbon/p‐Si junctions using Sentaurus TCAD from Synopsys. 2‐D and 3‐D models were constructed and optimized to fit I‐V characteristics measured from these junctions. The TCAD models included a resistive interface layer, previously observed experimentally. From the model, the interface resistance was determined to be 0.04 Ω·cm2, and the work function of the graphitic contacts was determined to be 4.43 eV. The latter is the work function at the interface, which cannot be measured experimentally. Schottky barrier lowering was implemented in the model to provide agreement with the measurements. The modeling provided information that could not be obtained from measurements and suggested a path to improved devices.
Differentiation of MSC and annulus fibrosus cells on genetically engineered silk fleece‐membrane‐composites enriched for GDF‐6 or TGF‐β3
Authors: Frauchiger Daniela A. , Heeb Silvan R. , May Rahel D. , Wöltje Michael , Benneker Lorin M. , Gantenbein Benjamin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIntervertebral disc (IVD) repair is a high‐priority topic in our active and increasingly ageing society. Since a high number of people are affected by low back pain treatment options that are able to restore the biological function of the IVD are highly warranted. Here, we investigated whether the feasibility of genetically engineered (GE)‐silk from Bombyx mori containing specific growth factors to precondition human bone‐marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) or to activate differentiated human annulus fibrosus cells (hAFC) prior transplantation or for direct repair on the IVD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GE‐silk fleece can thrive human hMSC towards an IVD‐like phenotype. We aimed to demonstrate a possible translational application of good manufacturing practice (GMP)‐compliant GE‐silk scaffolds in IVD repair and regeneration. GE‐silk with growth and differentiation factor 6 (GDF‐6‐silk) or transforming growth factor β3 (TGF‐β3, TGF‐β3‐silk) and untreated silk (cSilk) were investigated by DNA content, cell activity assay and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and their differentiation potential by qPCR analysis. We found that all silk types demonstrated a very high biocompatibility for both cell types, that is, hMSC and hAFC, as revealed by cell activity, and DNA proliferation assay. Further, analyzing qPCR of marker genes revealed a trend to differentiation toward an NP‐like phenotype looking at the Aggrecan/Collagen 2 ratio which was around 10:1. Our results support the conclusion that our GE‐silk scaffold treatment approach can thrive hMSC towards a more IVD‐like phenotype or can maintain the phenotype of native hAFC. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1324–1333, 2018.
Effects of thermal drying on phosphorus availability from iron‐precipitated sewage sludge
Authors: Lemming Camilla , Scheutz Charlotte , Bruun Sander , Jensen Lars Stoumann , Magid Jakob 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThermal drying of sewage sludge implies sanitation and improves practical handling options of the sludge prior to land application. However, it may also affect its value as a fertilizer. The objective of this study was to assess whether thermal drying of sewage sludge, as well as drying temperature, affects plant P availability after application to soil. The experiment included dewatered sewage sludge (20% DM) and thermally dried sewage sludge (95% DM) collected at a Danish wastewater treatment plant, as well as laboratory oven‐dried (70, 130, 190, and 250°C; DM > 95%) subsamples of the dewatered sludge, and a triple superphosphate as a reference. Plant P availability was studied in a 197 d soil incubation experiment, with sampling for Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) and water extractable P (WEP) analyses over time, and in a pot experiment with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In both experiments, thermal drying reduced P availability, as shown by 37 and 23% lower DGT and WEP values, respectively, and a 16% lower P uptake by barley in the pot experiment. The specific drying temperature did not appear to have much effect. Overall, our results suggest that thermal drying of iron‐precipitated sewage sludge is not an optimal treatment option if the aim is to optimize plant P availability.
Soil phosphorus dynamics along a loess–limestone transect in Mihla, Thuringia (Germany)
Authors: Weihrauch Christoph , Opp Christian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe distribution of phosphorus (P) along a loess–limestone soil transect were investigated to delineate the spatial variation of the nutrient vertically in the soil profiles and laterally in the landscape. We hypothesized that spatial P patterns result from translocation caused by P mobilization, although P fixation would be expected along the slope. To depict this, three P fractions clearly differing in solubility were determined. Soil samples were treated with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), with 12.1 M HCl, and with aqua regia (AR). In the profiles the spatial P distribution slightly corresponds to the occurrence of different bedrocks and substrata. Thus, a native “P loading” might not primarily explain the spatial P patterns. Especially the strong enrichment of the toeslope with easily soluble P indicates P translocation and prior mobilization. The enrichment is detectable throughout the profiles. Thus, superficial translocation (e.g., erosion) cannot sufficiently explain that pattern. Instead, underground processes must be the cause for this. They cause relatively high vertical and lateral variation in the spatial P distribution, e.g., within soil horizons and substratum layers. Hence, mixed sampling of soil sections might not produce data accurate enough for some kinds of P research and for P management. Also, the lateral P distribution should be detected more precisely prior to fertilization of agricultural land.
Practical guidance for using multiple data sources in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (with examples from the MUDS study)
Authors: Mayo‐Wilson Evan , Li Tianjing , Fusco Nicole , Dickersin Kay ,   for the MUDS investigators
Published: October 2017

Data for individual trials included in systematic reviews may be available in multiple sources. For example, a single trial might be reported in 2 journal articles and 3 conference abstracts. Because of differences across sources, source selection can influence the results of systematic reviews. We used our experience in the Multiple Data Sources in Systematic Reviews (MUDS) study, and evidence from previous studies, to develop practical guidance for using multiple data sources in systematic reviews.We recommend the following: (1) Specify which sources you will use. Before beginning a systematic review, consider which sources are likely to contain the most useful data. Try to identify all relevant reports and to extract information from the most reliable sources. (2) Link individual trials with multiple sources. Write to authors to determine which sources are likely related to the same trials. Use a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) flowchart to document both the selection of trials and the selection of sources. (3) Follow a prespecified protocol for extracting trial characteristics from multiple sources. Identify differences among sources, and contact study authors to resolve differences if possible. (4) Prespecify outcomes and results to examine in the review and meta‐analysis. In your protocol, describe how you will handle multiple outcomes within each domain of interest. Look for outcomes using all eligible sources. (5) Identify which data sources were included in the review. Consider whether the results might have been influenced by data sources used. (6) To reduce bias, and to reduce research waste, share the data used in your review.