bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steering Transforms the Cortical Representation of Self-Movement from Direction to Destination
Authors: Jacob Michael S. , Duffy Charles J. 
Published: December 2015

Steering demands rapid responses to heading deviations and uses optic flow to redirect self-movement toward the intended destination. We trained monkeys in a naturalistic steering paradigm and recorded dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) cortical neuronal responses to the visual motion and spatial location cues in optic flow. We found that neuronal responses to the initial heading direction are dominated by the optic flow's global radial pattern cue. Responses to subsequently imposed heading deviations are dominated by the local direction of motion cue. Finally, as the monkey steers its heading back to the goal location, responses are dominated by the spatial location cue, the screen location of the flow field's center of motion. We conclude that MSTd responses are not rigidly linked to specific stimuli, but rather are transformed by the task relevance of cues that guide performance in learned, naturalistic behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnplanned heading changes trigger lifesaving steering back to a goal. Conventionally, such behaviors are thought of as cortical sensory-motor reflex arcs. We find that a more reciprocal process underlies such cycles of perception and action, rapidly transforming visual processing to suit each stage of the task. When monkeys monitor their simulated self-movement, dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) neurons represent their current heading direction. When monkeys steer to recover from an unplanned change in heading direction, MSTd shifts toward representing the goal location. We hypothesize that this transformation reflects the reweighting of bottom-up visual motion signals and top-down spatial location signals, reshaping MSTd's response properties through task-dependent interactions with adjacent cortical areas.
A Unified Dynamic Model for Learning, Replay, and Sharp-Wave/Ripples
Authors: Jahnke Sven , Timme Marc , Memmesheimer Raoul-Martin 
Published: December 2015

Hippocampal activity is fundamental for episodic memory formation and consolidation. During phases of rest and sleep, it exhibits sharp-wave/ripple (SPW/R) complexes, which are short episodes of increased activity with superimposed high-frequency oscillations. Simultaneously, spike sequences reflecting previous behavior, such as traversed trajectories in space, are replayed. Whereas these phenomena are thought to be crucial for the formation and consolidation of episodic memory, their neurophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. Here we present a unified model showing how experience may be stored and thereafter replayed in association with SPW/Rs. We propose that replay and SPW/Rs are tightly interconnected as they mutually generate and support each other. The underlying mechanism is based on the nonlinear dendritic computation attributable to dendritic sodium spikes that have been prominently found in the hippocampal regions CA1 and CA3, where SPW/Rs and replay are also generated. Besides assigning SPW/Rs a crucial role for replay and thus memory processing, the proposed mechanism also explains their characteristic features, such as the oscillation frequency and the overall wave form. The results shed a new light on the dynamical aspects of hippocampal circuit learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring phases of rest and sleep, the hippocampus, the “memory center” of the brain, generates intermittent patterns of strongly increased overall activity with high-frequency oscillations, the so-called sharp-wave/ripples. We investigate their role in learning and memory processing. They occur together with replay of activity sequences reflecting previous behavior. Developing a unifying computational model, we propose that both phenomena are tightly linked, by mutually generating and supporting each other. The underlying mechanism depends on nonlinear amplification of synchronous inputs that has been prominently found in the hippocampus. Besides assigning sharp-wave/ripples a crucial role for replay generation and thus memory processing, the proposed mechanism also explains their characteristic features, such as the oscillation frequency and the overall wave form.
Effects of sitagliptin on circulating zinc-α2-glycoprotein levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Tian Mingyuan , Liang Zerong , Liu Rui , Li Ke , Tan Xinrong , Luo Yong , Yang Mengliu , Gu Harvest F , Liu Hua , Li Ling , Yang Gangyi 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveZinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) has recently been characterized as a potent metabolic regulator. However, the effects of anti-diabetic agents on circulating ZAG levels in humans remain largely unknown. To explore the possible mechanisms by which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor improves insulin resistance, we investigated the effect of sitagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, on circulating cytokine levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (nT2DM) patients.Design and methodsA subset of 141 subjects with nT2DM were assigned to receive placebo (n=47) or sitagliptin (n=94) for 3 months. Before and after treatment, subjects received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC), and measurement of ZAG and adiponectin (ADI) concentrations.ResultsCirculating ZAG levels were lower in nT2DM than in control individuals (P<0.01). After 3 months of sitagliptin treatment, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, 2-h insulin after glucose overload, triglycerides, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were decreased significantly compared with pre-treatment (P<0.05 orP<0.01), whereas the glucose infusion rate during the stable period of the clamp (Mvalues) during EHC were significantly increased (P<0.01). In addition, circulating ZAG and ADI concentrations were significantly increased along with improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity compared with pre-treatment (bothP<0.01) and the change of ZAG (ΔZAG) was positively associated with ΔADI, ΔHOMA-IR, ΔBMI, Δfasting insulin and negatively associated with Δ tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, sitagliptin treatment resulted in significantly lowered plasma TNF-α level (P<0.05).ConclusionA low level of circulating ZAG is associated with insulin resistance and sitagliptin treatment significantly increases circulating ZAG levels. These observations have implications in relation to the mode of action of the DPP-IV inhibitor as an insulin sensitizing agent.
The Application of a Digital Educational Resource to the Learning Disability of Subtraction: A Case Study
Authors: Margalef-Ciurana Immaculada , García-Tamarit Consuelo 
Published: December 2015

The lack of an adequate and organized transfer of steps in the subtraction process causes a learning disability of this operation in elementary school. The objective of this study is to show how the use of a digital educational resource can help improve the mathematical performance of children with dyscalculia. In particular, how the systematic application of a digital resource improves the resolution of subtraction, compared to the resolution of such operation without it. The study was carried out by applying a learning sequence of systematized subtraction and adapting it to the specific difficulties of the student and selecting a motivating digital resource. Our results suggest that the use of the resource has made outstanding contributions to the achievement of this mathematical operation. It is recommended to carry out studies in this line to contribute to improving the learning of school children with these difficulties.
Perceptions of Students about Politics, Political Parties and Individuals Devoted to Politics when Ending High School Education in Chile
Authors: Muñoz-Labraña Carlos , Martínez-Rodríguez Rosendo , Muñoz-Grandón Carlos 
Published: December 2015

The article accounts for qualitative research proposed to identify the perceptions of students who are close to graduating from middle school about politicians and political parties, as well as the origin and reasons for their perceptions. The sample included fourth year middle students belonging to twelve educational institutions located in the communes of Concepción metropolitan area, Chile. In-depth interviews and focus groups, protecting gender parity, were conducted to collect information. These results suggest that sample students, while appreciating the existence of politicians in society, have a negative and critical view of their performance, as well as the parties they represent. Students blame the politicians themselves and the policies of their perceptions; they reproach them lack of commitment, consistency, transparency and harmony. In addition, students blame the performance of politicians for their reactions against them. They also argue that political parties protect corporate interests rather than those from the citizenship, who cries out for greater concern regarding their problems.
Measurement of Listening and Reading Comprehension Skills in Students of English Pedagogy in a Chilean University
Authors: Cisterna-Zenteno Cecilia , Soto-Hernández Valentina , Díaz-Larenas Claudio 
Published: December 2015

The article presents the results of an investigation aimed at measuring the skills of reading comprehension and listening comprehension of English pedagogy students in a Chilean university. Three standardized tests from ESOL Cambridge University were applied to students in second, third and fifth years, respectively: Key English Test (KET), Preliminary English Test (PET) and First Certificate Exam (FCE). The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program through descriptive statistics. In addition, these results were supplemented with information gathered from three focus groups which aimed at determining the main difficulties arousing during the execution of the tests. The results revealed that students showed problems in their listening comprehension and reading comprehension abilities in KET and FCE tests, where the latter obtained the lowest level of achievement. On the other hand, in the PET exam, approval scores reached the best level. In the focus groups, students expressed that their main difficulties were: adequate understanding of instructions for each task, high level of concentration required for these exams, and little exposure to trials of this type of measuring instruments. The article raises a possible explanation for the low results in two of the tests, using the concept of plateau effect in the process of learning a language. It concludes with a reflection on the English teacher initial training in Chile, the importance of knowing the content and the challenges facing the educational system, as well as the training institutions based on the new pedagogical standards established by the Ministry of Education.
Tolerance of Swallowworts (Vincetoxicumspp.) to Multiple Years of Artificial Defoliation and Clipping
Authors: Milbrath Lindsey R. , DiTommaso Antonio , Biazzo Jeromy , Morris Scott H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe European vines pale swallowwort and black swallowwort are invading various habitats in northeastern North America. It is unclear how these plants might respond to potential biological control agents, as they experience little herbivore damage in North America, or longer durations of mowing given the reported lack of efficacy of mechanical control. We evaluated the effect of six seasons of artificial defoliation (50 or 100% defoliation once or twice per season) and clipping (once, twice, or four times at 8 cm above the soil level) on the survival, growth, and reproduction of mature plants of the two species grown in a common garden field experiment. No plants died from damage after 6 yr. Black swallowwort produced more aboveground biomass, whereas pale swallowwort produced more root biomass and root crown buds, compared with its congener species. For most damage treatments, root biomass and the number of crown buds and stems increased over time, whereas aboveground biomass and viable seeds per plant generally did not change. Substantial overlap in plant size and seed production occurred among damage treatments and species. The most severe defoliation treatment did not substantially limit growth and reproduction compared with undamaged plants. While two clippings per season sometimes prevented seed production, four clippings per season was the only type of damage that consistently prevented plant growth and eliminated seed production. Pale and black swallowwort display a high tolerance to aboveground tissue loss in high-light environments without plant competition. The annual increase in plant size calls into question the potential efficacy of a defoliating insect against field populations of swallowworts, and it seems likely the only benefits of a long-term mowing regime will be to eliminate seed production.
Hipotermia terapéutica posreanimación cardiopulmonar en el posparto inmediato de una paciente atendida en el Hospital de San José, en Bogotá (Colombia) en 2013: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Molano-Franco Daniel , Oyola-Yepes Antonio , Nieto-Estrada Víctor 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> reportar el caso de una paciente que presentó paro cardiaco en su posparto inmediato, la cual fue manejada con hipotermia terapéutica posreanimación con resultados neurológicos favorables, y realizar una revisión de la literatura publicada acerca de hipotermia posreanimación en el embarazo.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> se presenta el caso de una paciente con embarazo de 37 semanas, quien es remitida por preeclampsia severa a una institución privada de cuarto nivel de complejidad ubicada en Bogotá (Colombia). La paciente es llevada a cesárea, y en el alumbramiento desarrolla eclampsia, con deterioro respiratorio, hipoxemia y bradicardia que progresa a ritmo de paro en asistolia, con recuperación del ritmo sinusal luego de 15 minutos de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP), pero con criterios para un estado de coma residual. Se establece entonces un protocolo de neuroprotección con hipotermia sostenida a 33 grados durante 24 horas y posterior recalentamiento gradual. El desenlace final fue favorable, con recuperación del estado de conciencia y mínimas secuelas motoras. Para la revisión del tema se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de la literatura especializadas en medicina (Medline vía PubMed, Embase) con los términos MESH: “hipotermia terapéutica”, “embarazo”, “paro cardiaco”, sin restricción de idioma o de tiempo.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> en PubMed se encontraron cuatro estudios con los criterios de búsqueda, y en Embase siete se referían al tema, los cuales incluían los cuatro reportes de casos ya encontrados en PubMed, dos reportes de casos adicionales y una revisión de paro cardiaco materno que discute en sus apartes el tema de hipotermia terapéutica en esta población. En la revisión de referencias bibliográficas se identificó una guía de práctica clínica y un artículo de revisión.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones:</strong> en la literatura publicada se describe la hipotermia terapéutica como una terapia benéfica para la paciente gestante, que podría ser considerada como parte de los cuidados posparo cardiaco como medida de protección neurológica. Se requieren estudios que incorporen mayor número de pacientes, y estudios controlados que evalúen la efectividad y seguridad de la técnica para la madre y el feto.</p>
Hallazgos ecocardiográficos en pacientes con preeclampsia en la Unidad de alta dependencia obstétrica del Hospital Universitario de San José, 2012-2014
Authors: Franco-Hernández Alejandro , Blanco-Fuentes Lizzeth Andrea , Pinzón-Rey Catalina , Molina-Giraldo Saulo , Rojas-Arias José Luis , Acuña-Osorio Edgar 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> estudio de corte transversal. Se describen los hallazgos ecocardiográficos en las pacientes con preeclampsia severa (PS), de acuerdo con los criterios del Congreso Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos, atendidas en un hospital universitario de referencia ubicado en Bogotá (Colombia), entre enero 1 de 2012 y junio 30 de 2014. Se excluyeron las pacientes con control adecuado de tensión arterial o con patología cardiaca estructural previa conocida. Se describen las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y los hallazgos ecocardiográficos más frecuentes, globalmente y por momento de aparición. Se presentan los datos mediante estadística descriptiva.</p><p><br /><strong>Resultados:</strong> se diagnosticaron 228 pacientes con PS. A 124 se les realizó ecocardiograma: en 8 de ellas el informe de ecocardiografía fue no concluyente. Se hallaron 78 pacientes (67 %) con alguna alteración. Los principales hallazgos fueron: hipertensión pulmonar leve, n = 34 (29 %); hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo, n = 32 (27 %); hipertensión pulmonar moderada, n = 21 (18 %); disfunción diastólica, n = 16 (13 %). Las pacientes con PS pretérmino (69 %) presentaron alteraciones ecocardiográficas más frecuentes que las pacientes a término (20 %) y que las que comenzaron con PS en el puerperio (11 %). La disfunción diastólica se presentó más en pacientes con preeclampsia que comenzó en el puerperio.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones:</strong> la prevalencia de alteraciones ecocardiográficas en PS es del 67 %, con mayor frecuencia de hipertensión pulmonar e hipertrofia ventricular izquierda. Se requieren más estudios que validen estos hallazgos regionalmente.</p>
Experiencia de las pacientes frente a citología cérvico-vaginal reportada como ASCUS o LEI de bajo grado en dos instituciones de Bogotá (Colombia), 2014
Authors: Monsalve-Páez Solange , Valderrama-Vega Diana , Castillo-Zamora Marcos Fidel , Guzmán-Sabogal Yahira Rossini , Amaya-Guío Jairo 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> describir los conocimientos que tienen las pacientes acerca del uso de la citología, y las emociones y el comportamiento que genera en estas un resultado positivo en la citología vaginal con atipias escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASCUS) o lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado (LEI-BG).<br /><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> investigación cualitativa fenomenológica, que busca establecer las experiencias vividas por mujeres entre 18 y 69 años que consultaron por primera vez, por el hallazgo en la citología cérvico-vaginal de ASCUS o LEI-BG, a la unidad de patología cervical de dos instituciones de nivel medio de complejidad en Bogotá (Colombia), una institución pública y otra un centro de atención ambulatorio privado. El tamaño de la muestra se determinó por saturación teórica y muestreo consecutivo. Se realizaron grupos focales y entrevistas, la información fue grabada y transcrita posteriormente, creando categorías para evaluar las experiencias: caracterización sociodemográfica, cognición, características afectivas y comportamiento. Se empleó el estilo de análisis mediante edición, presentado como material narrativo, a fin de ordenar la información recolectada para su síntesis e interpretación.<br /><strong>Resultados:</strong> se incluyeron 27 mujeres. El resultado anormal de la citología cérvico-vaginal despierta sentimientos de culpa, angustia y preocupación pues lo relacionan con el cáncer de cuello uterino, dado que no es claro para ellas que este es un examen de tamización. La principal conducta posterior a recibir el resultado de la citología fue priorizar la cita médica. Hay alteraciones en las relaciones de pareja basadas en la percepción de infidelidad secundaria a la infección de VPH.<br /><strong>Conclusiones</strong>: la toma de la citología cérvico-vaginal es considerada por las pacientes como importantísima y obligatoria en el marco de la necesidad de prevenir y tratar el cáncer de cuello uterino.</p>
Les perspectives de la fiscalité positive de l'eau et de l'air : l'amorce d'une fiscalité écologique
Authors: Grammatico Laetitia , Meca Ingrid 
Published: December 2015

The institution of the general tax on polluting activities (TGAP) forms part
of a strategy of prevention rather than reparation, integrating the concept of sustainable development with the Community objective of ecotaxation.
Having involved the remodelling of the tax System with regard to water and air protection, this tax does not seem to be fully consistent with the logic of the polluter pays principle, whether in terms of how it is assessed or its operational consequences for the public agencies responsible for protection of air and water quality.
Consommation et environnement
Authors: Giraudel Catherine 
Published: December 2015

Cette chronique régulière développe le contentieux relatif aux produits destinés au consommateur dans la mesure où ce contentieux se trouve en connexité avec la protection de l'environnement. Elle fait également le point sur les principaux textes communautaires et nationaux concernant la matière.
La première partie très diversifiée porte sur les protections spéciales relatives aux produits de traitement (additifs, pesticides) et aux produits de qualité spécifique, notamment produits issus de l'agriculture biologique ainsi que les divers signes de la qualité agroalimentaire. Sont ensuite évoquées les biotechnologies avec les organismes génétiquement modifiés, les espèces animales et végétales protégées ainsi que l'exigence générale de sécurité des produits. Une brève deuxième partie envisage les protections de droit commun en droit pénal, droit civil, droit administratif.
Tout ce foisonnement d'évolutions concernant les produits et leurs nuisances est de plus en plus indissociable non seulement du contexte communautaire, mais encore du contexte mondial. Il génère de graves conflits entre les Etats sur des questions sensibles (OGM, hormones, etc.).
Commentaire partiel de la loi n° 2000-597 du 30 juin 2000 relative au référé devant les juridictions administratives : du sursis à exécution au référé suspension, simple réforme en trompe-l'œil ou évolution inquiétante ?
Authors: Braud Xavier 
Published: December 2015

The Act of 30 June 2000 is primarily intended to transform the current procedure for stay of execution into an interlocutory procedure for suspension. It is supposed to make the administrative judge responsible for interlocutory proceedings more effective and draws heavily on interlocutory powers already available to criminal and civil judges. In particular, the text specifically aims to make it easier for claimants to submit objections to the enforceable character of administrative decisions.
However, the analysis shows that even if the Act undoubtedly provides an « invitation » to the administrative judge to opt for future suspension rather than the current stay, the new substantive conditions required for such a suspension are in fact very close to those for a stay of execution. With regard to procedural aspects, on the other hand, the reform is significant but it is doubtful whether claimants will benefit from this as concern for efficiency may lead to a System of justice that is more expeditious than effective.
Le protocole de l’analyse à l’épreuve du numérique
Authors: Fleury Cynthia 
Published: December 2015

Quelle est la place des nouvelles technologies de la communication dans le protocole analytique ? Est-il possible d’effectuer un travail analytique, voire de faire une « séance » par voie numérique alors que celle-ci est par nature à l’abri des rapports sociaux classiques et des formes de pression et de domination habituelles ? La scénographie analytique est garante de la cessation des modes panoptiques. Quelles sont les conditions « numériques » de possibilité de la cure analytique ?
Le retrait des jeunes (ou hikikomori ), une préférence négative
Authors: Vellut Natacha 
Published: December 2015

Le retrait social des jeunes, nommé hikikomori et étudié depuis les années 1990 au Japon, intrigue depuis peu les chercheurs et cliniciens d’autres pays. À partir de la lecture que font G. Deleuze et G. Agamben du roman Bartleby de H. Melville, nous proposons de définir le retrait comme une « préférence négative » susceptible de se résoudre dans un dépassement de soi lors du passage de l’adolescence à l’âge adulte.