bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case–control study demonstrates that surfactant without intubation delayed mechanical ventilation in preterm infants
Authors: Vik Sigrid Dannheim , Vik Torstein , Lydersen Stian , Støen Ragnhild 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThis Norwegian study explored whether administering surfactant without intubation (SWI) delayed the need for early mechanical ventilation and reduced respiratory and nonrespiratory complications in infants born before 32 weeks of gestational age.MethodsWe compared 262 infants admitted to a level‐three neonatal intensive care unit: 134 born before the introduction of SWI on 1 December 2011 were in the control group and 128 infants born after this date were in the study group.ResultsThe proportion of infants treated with surfactant did not differ between the groups, but mechanical ventilation before 72 hours of life was lower in the study group than the control group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.58 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.35–0.96. Fewer study group infants needed supplemental oxygen at 28 days of life. One study infant and nine control infants had intraventricular haemorrhage grades 3–4 and, or, cystic periventricular leukomalacia (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01–0.83). These results were strengthened in analyses restricted to surfactant‐treated infants and the proportion needing supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks was reduced.ConclusionSurfactant without intubation reduced the need for early mechanical ventilation and major brain injuries in infants born at <32 weeks of gestation.
Leucocyte protein Trojan, a possible regulator of apoptosis
Authors: Petrov Petar , Syrjänen Riikka , Uchida Tatsuya , Vainio Olli 
Published: December 2016

Trojan is a leucocyte‐specific protein, cloned from chicken embryonic thymocyte cDNA library. The molecule is a type I transmembrane protein with an extracellular CCP domain, followed by two FN3 domains. Its cytoplasmic tail is predicted to possess a MAPK docking and a PKA phosphorylation sites. Trojan has been proposed to have an anti‐apoptotic role based on its differential expression on developing thymocyte subpopulations. Using a chicken cell line, our in vitro studies showed that upon apoptosis induction, Trojan expression rises dramatically on the surface of surviving cells and gradually decreases towards its normal levels as cells recover. When sorted based on their expression levels of Trojan, cells with high expression appeared less susceptible to apoptotic induction than those bearing no or low levels of Trojan on their surface. The mechanism by which the molecule exerts its function is yet to be discovered. We found that cells overexpressing Trojan from a cDNA plasmid show elevated steady‐state levels of intracellular calcium, suggesting the molecule is able to transmit cytoplasmic signals. The mechanistic nature of Trojan‐induced signalling is a target of future investigation. In this article, we conducted a series of experiments that suggest Trojan as an anti‐apoptotic regulator.
Behavior of sheep fed babassu cake (Orbygnia speciosa) as a substitution for elephant grass silage
Authors: Neta Ernestina Ribeiro dos Santos , Alves Kaliandra Souza , Mezzomo Rafael , Gomes Daiany Íris , Oliveira Luis Rennan Sampaio , Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de , Luz Janaina Barros , Lacerda Natália Gomes , Bourdon Venucia de Diniella dos Santos 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the behavior of sheep fed babassu cake as a substitution for elephant grass silage. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia ‐ UFRA), Brazil, using 45 sheep housed in individual stalls, with unlimited access to feed and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% inclusion of babassu cake) and nine replications. All of the treatments contained a roughage‐to‐concentrate ratio of 40:60. No differences were observed in the time spent feeding (P > 0.05), regardless of the source of roughage used. However, there was a reduction in the time spent in rumination (P < 0.05) and an increase in time spent idling (P < 0.05) when babassu cake was included in the diet. Although there was a reduction in the time spent chewing the ruminal bolus (P < 0.05), the total daily chewing time was the same for all animals (P > 0.05). However, the sheep fed babassu cake showed higher feeding and rumination efficiency (P < 0.05). Therefore, the substitution of elephant grass silage with babassu cake can be performed at up to 50% without compromising the total time spent eating and chewing, which allows increased feeding and rumination efficiency.
The Past Is Present: Representations of Parents, Friends, and Romantic Partners Predict Subsequent Romantic Representations
Authors: Furman Wyndol , Collibee Charlene 
Published: December 2016

This study examined how representations of parent–child relationships, friendships, and past romantic relationships are related to subsequent romantic representations. Two‐hundred 10th graders (100 female; Mage = 15.87 years) from diverse neighborhoods in a Western U.S. city were administered questionnaires and were interviewed to assess avoidant and anxious representations of their relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Participants then completed similar questionnaires and interviews about their romantic representations six more times over the next 7.5 years. Growth curve analyses revealed that representations of relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners each uniquely predicted subsequent romantic representations across development. Consistent with attachment and behavioral systems theory, representations of romantic relationships are revised by representations and experiences in other relationships.
Incidence and predictors of edentulism among south Brazilian older adults
Authors: Marques Fernanda Pasquetti , Tôrres Luísa Helena do Nascimento , Bidinotto Augusto Bacelo , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Hugo Fernando Neves , De Marchi Renato José 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural and clinical predictors of the 8‐year incidence of edentulism in south Brazilian older adults.MethodsCohort of a representative sample of older persons in Carlos Barbosa, a south Brazil city. A cohort study was conducted using a simple random sample of 392 older people evaluated in 2004, with follow‐ups in 2008 and 2012, when 199 participants were evaluated. Interviews and oral examinations were conducted. The baseline assessment was carried out in 2004, with follow‐ups in 2008 and 2012. To evaluate the predictors of edentulism, Poisson regression models with robust variance were carried out. The outcome was modelled through the use of a hierarchical approach based on the conceptual framework proposed by Andersen and Davidson.ResultsSome 11.5% of the participants had become edentulous after 8 years. Higher income, use of partial removable dentures and low salivary flow were associated with the incidence of edentulism.ConclusionsMaintaining a good salivary function may be essential for the prevention of the incidence of edentulism in this age group. Furthermore, our findings suggest that rehabilitations with partial removable dentures may be detrimental to long‐term oral health.
Should we be offering fertility preservation by surgical sperm retrieval to men with Klinefelter syndrome?
Authors: McEleny Kevin , Cheetham Tim , Quinton Richard 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAdvances in surgical sperm retrieval have greatly increased the chances of men with Klinefelter syndrome achieving biological paternity. Despite this, the vast majority of attempts to achieve fertility by using extracted gametes to fertilize eggs in vitro do not result in viable pregnancies. A powerful obstacle to success lies with the natural history of seminiferous tubule and germ cell function in Klinefelter syndrome, which typically peak (and thereafter steeply decline) up to a decade before most individuals would be contemplating paternity. Herein we discuss, in relation to a real clinical case, both the exciting technical advances surgical sperm retrieval and the logistic and ethical factors that, in practice, may act to limit their successful application.
Determinants of richness patterns differ between rare and common species: implications for Gesneriaceae conservation in China
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Shen Zehao , Wang Qinggang , Su Xiangyan , Zhang Wanjun , Shrestha Nawal , Xu Xiaoting , Wang Zhiheng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimWhether richness patterns and determinants are consistent between common and rare species remains controversial, and the answer is fundamental for the conservation of species in vulnerable habitats. Although effects of climate and geological history on species richness have been widely explored, their relative contribution among common and rare species is poorly understood. Here, using a valuable ornamental plant family Gesneriaceae, we evaluated how contemporary climate, habitat heterogeneity and long‐term climate change affect the distribution of rare and common species. Additionally, we identified hotspots of Gesneriaceae diversity and evaluated its protection gap in China.LocationChina.MethodsDistribution of Gesneriaceae was compiled at a spatial resolution of 50 × 50 km. Species were grouped as rare and common based on the number of grid cells they occupied, and their richness patterns and hotspots were estimated separately. Generalized linear models and Random Forest were used to compare effects of different factors on species richness.ResultsRichness of Gesneriaceae peaked in south‐western China. The Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains were identified as hotspots for overall and common species, while only the former was hotspot for rare species. Temperature seasonality, winter coldness and temperature change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) dominated species richness patterns, but their relative effects differed between species range size. Temperature seasonality had strongest effects on richness of common species, whereas temperature change since the LGM was strongest for rare species. Neither current nor past precipitation affects richness patterns significantly.Main conclusionsGesneriaceae species richness is strongly influenced by temperature changes. Specifically, rare and common species are primarily dominated by long‐ and short‐term temperature changes, respectively. These findings suggest that most Gesneriaceae species may face high risk under future climate changes, and hence, more conservation efforts are urgently needed, especially in Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, which is hotspot of rare species.
Effect modification in the association between glycated haemoglobin and cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: van Munster Sanne N. , van der Graaf Yolanda , de Valk Harold W. , Visseren Frank L. J. , Westerink Jan ,   on behalf of the SMART Study Group
Published: December 2016

AimTo identify patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who may benefit from lower or higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) targets, based on readily available patient characteristics.Materials and methodsPatients with T2D were included in the present study from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort. Several patient characteristics were evaluated for effect modification in the relationship between HbA1c and cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality, using multiplicative interaction analyses and stratified Cox proportional hazard analyses. Combinations of patient characteristics, as used in existing treatment algorithms, were similarly evaluated.ResultsOf 1753 patients, 323 experienced a vascular event during a median of 6.6 years of follow‐up and 375 patients died. For the association between HbA1c and cardiovascular events, no effect modifiers were found. Body mass index (BMI) and weight showed significant interaction for the association between HbA1c and mortality (
P
= .04). Analyses, stratified for 25 kg/m2 or 30 or 35 kg/m2, showed quite dissimilar hazard ratios without reaching statistical significance. Combinations of patient characteristics used in existing treatment algorithms, did not influence the relationship between HbA1c and cardiovascular disease or mortality (
P
= .46 to
P
= .92).ConclusionsUsing easily obtainable patient characteristics, whether alone or in combinations used in existing treatment algorithms, it was not possible, except for BMI or weight, considered continuously, to identify patients with T2D who had a differential association between HbA1c and cardiovascular events or all‐cause mortality in our cohort.
Stress and gender effects on prefrontal cortex oxygenation levels assessed during single and dual‐task walking conditions
Authors: Holtzer Roee , Schoen Chelsea , Demetriou Eleni , Mahoney Jeannette R. , Izzetoglu Meltem , Wang Cuiling , Verghese Joe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe ability to walk is critical for functional independence and wellbeing. The pre‐frontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in cognitive control of locomotion, notably under attention‐demanding conditions. Factors that influence brain responses to cognitive demands of locomotion, however, are poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated the individual and combined effects of gender and perceived stress on stride velocity and PFC Oxygenated Hemoglobin (HbO2) assessed during single and dual‐task walking conditions. The experimental paradigm included Normal Walk (NW); Cognitive Interference (Alpha); and Walk‐While‐Talk (WWT) tasks. An instrumented walkway was used to assess stride velocity in NW and WWT conditions. Functional Near‐Infrared‐Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to quantify PFC HbO2 levels during NW, Alpha and WWT. Perceived task‐related stress was evaluated with a single 11‐point scale item. Participants were community residing older adults (age = 76.8 ± 6.7 years; %female = 56). Results revealed that higher perceived stress was associated with greater decline in stride velocity from single to dual‐task conditions among men. Three‐way interactions revealed that gender moderated the effect of perceived stress on changes in HbO2 levels comparing WWT to NW and Alpha. Attenuation in the increase in HbO2 levels, in high compared to low perceived stress levels, from the two single task conditions to WWT was observed only in men. Thus, older men may be more vulnerable to the effect of perceived stress on the change in PFC oxygenation levels across walking conditions that vary in terms of cognitive demands. These findings confer important implications for assessment and treatment of individuals at risk of mobility impairments.
Behavioural and Hormonal Stress Responses to Social Separation in Ravens, Corvus corax
Authors: Munteanu Alexandru M. , Stocker Martina , Stöwe Mareike , Massen Jorg J. M. , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSocial life is profitable, but it facilitates conflicts over resources and creates interdependence between individuals. Separating highly social animals triggers intense reactions aimed at re‐establishing lost connections. Less is known, however, about behavioural and physiological responses to separation in socially facultative species, where individuals temporarily form groups and may subsequently leave them. Non‐breeding common ravens (Corvus corax) gather in large numbers at feeding and roosting sites, but otherwise spend time seemingly solitary or in small subgroups. We here studied how ravens cope with being socially isolated, and investigated the life characteristics that might explain potential individual differences. For this, we individually separated captive subadult ravens (n = 25) and housed them in physical and visual isolation from their group members across 4 d. During the separation period, we collected behavioural data and measured the amount of immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites from bird droppings to assess the ravens’ physiological stress response. We found behavioural indicators of stress at the start of the separation, when ravens showed higher levels of tension than of comfort – a pattern that reversed at the end of the separation. Furthermore, we found that the upbringing of ravens affected their behaviour during separation. Hand‐raised birds produced more vocalisations in the beginning of the separation, and were less active at the end, while the reverse pattern occurred with parent‐raised ravens. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find differences in hormonal responses between the beginning and end of the separation period or any link between hormonal responses and behaviours. Ravens’ behavioural responses to social separation stress seem to be dependent on their arousal states, although possible links with hormonal reactions remain unclear. Our results show that behavioural reactions are not always linked with hormonal responses to stress, and further emphasise the importance of investigating effects of early‐life experiences.
Hidden diversity and phylogeographic history provide conservation insights for the edible seaweed Sargassum fusiforme in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Hu Zi‐Min , Li Jing‐Jing , Sun Zhong‐Min , Gao Xu , Yao Jian‐Ting , Choi Han‐Gil , Endo Hikaru , Duan De‐Lin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary processes that have created diversity and the genetic potential of species to adapt to environmental change is an important premise for biodiversity conservation. Herein, we used mitochondrial trnW‐L and cox3 and plastid rbcL‐S data sets to analyze population genetic variation and phylogeographic history of the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme, whose natural resource has been largely exterminated in the Asia–Northwest Pacific in the past decades. Phylogenetic trees and network analysis consistently revealed three major haplotype groups (A, B, and C) in S. fusiforme, with A and B distributed in the Japan‐Pacific coast. Group C consisted of three subgroups (C1, C2, and C3) which were distributed in the Sea of Japan, the Yellow–Bohai Sea, and East China Sea, respectively. Isolation‐with‐migration (IMa) analysis revealed that the three groups diverged approximately during the mid‐Pleistocene (c. 756–1,224 ka). Extended Bayesian skyline plots (EBSP) showed that groups A and B underwent relatively long‐term stable population size despite a subsequent rapid demographic expansion, while subgroups C2 and C3 underwent a sudden expansion at c. 260 ka. FST and AMOVA detected low population‐level genetic variation and high degrees of divergence between groups. The cryptic diversity and phylogeographic patterns found in S. fusiforme not only are essential to understand how environmental shifts and evolutionary processes shaped diversity and distribution of coastal seaweeds but also provide additional insights for conserving and managing seaweed resources and facilitate predictions of their responses to future climate change and habitat loss.
High community turnover and dispersal limitation relative to rapid climate change
Authors: Lewthwaite Jayme M. M. , Debinski Diane M. , Kerr Jeremy T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAim Many competing hypotheses seek to identify the mechanisms behind species richness gradients. Yet, the determinants of species turnover over broad scales are uncertain. We test whether environmental dissimilarity predicts biotic turnover spatially and temporally across an array of environmental variables and spatial scales using recently observed climate changes as a pseudo‐experimental opportunity.Location Canada.Methods We used an extensive database of observation records of 282 Canadian butterfly species collected between 1900 and 2010 to characterize spatial and temporal turnover based on Jaccard indices. We compare relationships between spatial turnover and differences in an array of relevant environmental conditions, including aspects of temperature, precipitation, elevation, primary productivity and land cover. Measurements were taken within 100‐, 200‐ and 400‐km grid cells, respectively. We tested the relative importance of each variable in predicting spatial turnover using bootstrap analysis. Finally, we tested for effects of temperature and precipitation change on temporal turnover, including distinctly accounting for turnover under individual species’ potential dispersal limitations.Results Temperature differences between areas correlate with spatial turnover in butterfly assemblages, independently of distance, sampling differences or the spatial resolution of the analysis. Increasing temperatures are positively related to biotic turnover within quadrats through time. Limitations on species dispersal may cause observed biotic turnover to be lower than expected given the magnitude of temperature changes through time.Main conclusions Temperature differences can account for spatial trends in biotic dissimilarity and turnover through time in areas where climate is changing. Butterfly communities are changing quickly in some areas, probably reflecting the dispersal capacities of individual species. However, turnover is lower through time than expected in many areas, suggesting that further work is needed to understand the factors that limit dispersal across broad regions. Our results illustrate the large‐scale effects of climate change on biodiversity in areas with strong environmental gradients.
Scale matters: fire–vegetation feedbacks are needed to explain tropical tree cover at the local scale
Authors: Pausas Juli G. , Dantas Vinícius de L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAt a broad (regional to global) spatial scale, tropical vegetation is controlled by climate; at the local scale, it is believed to be determined by interactions between disturbance, vegetation and local conditions (soil and topography) through feedback processes. It has recently been suggested that strong fire–vegetation feedback processes may not be needed to explain tree‐cover patterns in tropical ecosystems and that climate–fire determinism is an alternative possibility. This conclusion was based on the fact that it is possible to reproduce observed patterns in tropical regions (e.g. a trimodal frequency distribution of tree cover) using a simple model that does not explicitly incorporate fire–vegetation feedback processes. We argue that these two mechanisms (feedbacks versus fire–climate control) operate at different spatial and temporal scales; it is not possible to evaluate the role of a process acting at fine scales (e.g. fire–vegetation feedbacks) using a model designed to reproduce regional‐scale pattern (scale mismatch). While the distributions of forest and savannas are partially determined by climate, many studies are providing evidence that the most parsimonious explanation for their environmental overlaps is the existence of feedback processes. Climate is unlikely to be an alternative to feedback processes; rather, climate and fire–vegetation feedbacks are complementary processes at different spatial and temporal scales.