bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Polysialylation of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Sialuria
Authors: Kreuzmann Denise , Horstkorte Rüdiger , Kohla Guido , Kannicht Christoph , Bennmann Dorit , Thate Annett , Bork Kaya 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSialuria is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of mammalian metabolism, caused by defective feedback inhibition of the UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine‐2‐epimerase N‐acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), the key enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis. Sialuria is characterized by overproduction of free sialic acid in the cell cytoplasm. Patients exhibit vastly increased urinary excretion of sialic acid and show differently pronounced developmental delays. The physiopathology of sialuria is not well understood. Here we established a transgenic mouse line that expresses GNE containing the sialuria mutation R263L, in order to investigate the influence of an altered sialic acid concentration on the organism. The transgenic mice that expressed the mutated RNA excreted up to 400 times more N‐acetylneuraminic acid than wild‐type mice. Additionally, we found higher sialic acid concentration in the brain cytoplasm. Analyzing the (poly)sialylation of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) revealed increased polysialylation in brains of transgenic mice compared to wild‐type. However, we found only minor changes in membrane‐bound sialylation in various organs but, surprisingly, a significant increase in surface sialylation on leukocytes. Our results suggest that the intracellular sialic acid concentration regulates polysialylation on NCAM in vivo; this could play a role in the manifestation of the developmental delays in sialuria patients.
Reusable Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for the Detection of Waterborne Uranium
Authors: Jett Susan E. , Bonham Andrew J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe have developed an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of uranium, in the uranyl ion form, at low levels in water. This biosensor could have both academic and environmental monitoring applications. Uranium contamination of water sources poses serious health consequences, and this biosensor may aid in the improvement of targeting and the efficiency of remediation of contaminated water sources by improving the speed of initial identification as well as monitoring during remediation efforts. Our design uses a modified uranyl‐binding aptamer that has been inserted into an oligonucleotide scaffold to create a reusable, conformation‐switching electrochemical DNA biosensor with an apparent dissociation constant of 15±5 μM and a limit of detection within an order of magnitude of the Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contamination level for uranium in drinking water.
Tuning the Intrinsic Photophysical Properties of Chlorophyll a
Authors: Wellman Sydney M. J. , Jockusch Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn nature, the finely tuned photophysical properties of chlorophyll a (Chla) are vital to the capture and transfer of sunlight during photosynthesis. In order to better understand how these properties are influenced by the molecular environment, we have examined the intrinsic spectroscopy of Chla in vacuo. Visible photodissociation action spectra (an indirect measure of absorption) of gaseous protonated Chla and Chla complexed with metal cations are reported. These show that spectral features within the Soret band (∼350–445 nm) have markedly different intensities depending on the identity of the cation. In contrast, fluorescence emission spectra of metalated Chla complexes show only small dependences on the identity of the metal ion, with emission maxima shifting from 661 to 654 nm. Remarkably, replacing the metal ion with a proton turns off the fluorescence of this key pigment. Density functional theory geometry‐optimized structures indicate that the most favorable site of protonation differs from that of metal cationization, and may help explain the surprising on/off behavior of Chla’s intrinsic fluorescence.
Dioxoiodane Compounds as Versatile Sources for Iodine(I) Chemistry
Authors: Muñiz Kilian , García Belén , Martínez Claudio , Piccinelli Alessandro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Kilian Muñiz at the The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ). The image depicts an open gateway to a new universe of iodine(I) reagents, which display unique stability and reactivity. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201603801.
TiO2‐Supported Re as a General and Chemoselective Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols
Authors: Toyao Takashi , Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Touchy Abeda S. , Onodera Wataru , Kon Kenichi , Morita Yoshitsugu , Kamachi Takashi , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the group of Ken‐ichi Shimizu at Hokkaido University and the group of Kazunari Yoshizawa at Kyushu University. The image depicts the latest findings from Hokkaido dealing with selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids having aromatic moieties to the corresponding alcohols over Re/TiO2. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604762.
Total order in opportunistic networks
Authors: Costea Mihail , Ciobanu Radu‐Ioan , Marin Radu‐Corneliu , Dobre Ciprian , Mavromoustakis Constandinos X. , Mastorakis George , Xhafa Fatos 
Published: December 2016

SummaryOpportunistic network applications are usually assumed to work only with unordered immutable messages, like photos, videos, or music files, while applications that depend on ordered or mutable messages, like chat or shared contents editing applications, are ignored. In this paper, we examine how total ordering can be achieved in an opportunistic network. By leveraging on existing dissemination and causal order algorithms, we propose a commutative replicated data type algorithm on the basis of Logoot for achieving total order without using tombstones in opportunistic networks where message delivery is not guaranteed by the routing layer. Our algorithm is designed to use the nature of the opportunistic network to reduce the metadata size compared to the original Logoot, and even to achieve in some cases higher hit rates compared to the dissemination algorithms when no order is enforced. Finally, we present the results of the experiments for the new algorithm by using an opportunistic network emulator, mobility traces, and Wikipedia pages.
Identifying and Understanding Strong Vibronic Interaction Effects Observed in the Asymmetry of Chiral Molecule Photoelectron Angular Distributions
Authors: Garcia Gustavo A. , Dossmann Héloïse , Nahon Laurent , Daly Steven , Powis Ivan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractElectron–ion coincidence imaging is used to study chiral asymmetry in the angular distribution of electrons emitted from randomly‐oriented enantiomers of two molecules, methyloxirane and trifluoromethyloxirane, upon ionization by circularly polarized VUV synchrotron radiation. Vibrationally‐resolved photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) measurements of the outermost orbital ionization reveal unanticipated large fluctuations in the magnitude of the forward–backward electron scattering asymmetry, including even a complete reversal of direction. Identification and assignment of the vibrational excitations is supported by Franck–Condon simulations of the photoelectron spectra. A previously proposed quasi‐diatomic model for PECD is developed and extended to treat polyatomic systems. The parametric dependence of the electronic dipole matrix elements on nuclear geometry is evaluated in the adiabatic approximation. It provokes vibrational level dependent shifts in amplitude and phase, to which the chiral photoelectron angular distributions are especially sensitive. It is shown that single quantum excitation of those vibrational modes, which experience only a relatively small displacement of the ion equilibrium geometry along the normal coordinate and which are then only weakly excited in the Franck–Condon limit, can be accompanied by big shifts in scattering phase; hence the observed big fluctuations in PECD asymmetry for such modes.
Functional Studies of Sodium Channels: From Target to Compound Identification
Authors: Bertrand Daniel , Biton Bruno , Licher Thomas , Chambard Jean‐Marie , Lanneau Christophe , Partiseti Michel , Lefevre Isabel A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOver the last six decades, voltage‐gated sodium (Nav) channels have attracted a great deal of scientific and pharmaceutical interest, driving fundamental advances in both biology and technology. The structure and physiological function of these channels have been extensively studied; clinical and genetic data have uncovered their implication in diseases such as epilepsy, arrhythmias, and pain, bringing them into focus as current and future drug targets. While different techniques have been established to record the activity of Nav channels, proper determination of their properties still presents serious challenges, depending upon the experimental conditions and the desired subtype of channel to be characterized. The aim of this unit is to review the characteristics of Nav channels, their properties, the cells in which they can be studied, and the currently available techniques. Topics covered include the determination of Nav‐channel biophysical properties as well as the use of toxins to discriminate between subtypes using electrophysiological or optical methods. Perspectives on the development of high‐throughput screening assays with their advantages and limitations are also discussed to allow a better understanding of the challenges encountered in voltage‐gated sodium channel preclinical drug discovery. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Direct Conversion of Wheat Straw into Electricity with a Biomass Flow Fuel Cell Mediated by Two Redox Ion Pairs
Authors: Gong Jian , Liu Wei , Du Xu , Liu Congmin , Zhang Zhe , Sun Feifei , Yang Le , Xu Dong , Guo Hua , Deng Yulin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a biomass flow fuel cell to directly convert wheat straw to electricity at low temperature (80–90 °C) and atmospheric pressure is presented. Two redox ion pairs, Fe3+/Fe2+ and VO2+/VO2+, acting as redox catalysts and charge carriers, were used in the anode and cathode flow tanks, respectively. The wheat straw was first oxidized by Fe3+ in the anode tank at approximately 100 °C. The reduced Fe2+ in the anode was used to construct a fuel cell with VO2+ in the cathode. The VO2+ ions were reduced to VO2+ and regenerated to VO2+ by oxygen oxidation. The wheat straw flow fuel cell showed a power output of 100 mW cm−2. Mediated with liquid Fe3+ carriers, the solid powder of wheat straw could be gradually degraded into low‐molecular‐weight organic molecules and even oxidized to CO2 at the anode without using noble‐metal catalysts. The overpotential for the electrodes of the flow fuel cell was examined and the energy cost was estimated.
Chemistry Future: Priorities and Opportunities from the Sustainability Perspective
Authors: Beller Matthias , Centi Gabriele , Sun Licheng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo celebrate the 10 year anniversary of ChemSusChem, we as the chairmen of the editorial board are writing this Essay to summarize important scientific contributions to our journal during the past decade in terms of sustainable science and technology. Bibliometric analysis of published papers show that biorefinery, solar energy conversion, energy‐storage materials, and carbon dioxide utilizations attracted most attention in this area. According to our own knowledge and understanding and from the sustainability point of view, we are also pointing out those research directions that we believe can play key roles in the future chemistry to meet the grand challenges in energy and environment. Hopefully, these perspective aspects will provide the readers with new angles to look at the chemistry in the coming decades and inspire the development of new technologies to make our society sustainable.
Synthesis of Concentrated Methylcyclohexane as Hydrogen Carrier through Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Toluene and Water
Authors: Kageshima Yosuke , Minegishi Tsutomu , Hisatomi Takashi , Takata Tsuyoshi , Kubota Jun , Domen Kazunari 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell consisting of a Pt‐loaded carbon black (Pt/C)‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and a particulate SrTiO3 photoanode effected selective PEC conversion of toluene and water into methylcyclohexane (MCH) at concentrations up to >99 vol %. This cell exhibited 100 % faradaic efficiency (FE) and 18 % incident‐photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) at 320 nm without an external bias voltage in the PEC hydrogenation of pure toluene. It was also found that strong alkaline conditions are beneficial with the present MEA to suppress the competitive side reaction of hydrogen evolution, resulting in a high FE of 94 % even during MCH production from 1 vol % toluene in MCH. This study successfully demonstrated that the present PEC system is capable of producing concentrated MCH as a promising hydrogen carrier and that MCH production from toluene and water represents a means of artificial photosynthesis.
Assessing interacting impacts of artisanal and recreational fisheries in a small Marine Protected Area (Portofino, NW Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Prato Giulia , Barrier Celine , Francour Patrice , Cappanera Valentina , Markantonatou Vasiliki , Guidetti Paolo , Mangialajo Luisa , Cattaneo‐Vietti Riccardo , Gascuel Didier 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMarine Protected Areas (MPAs) have spread across the Mediterranean to protect its rich biodiversity and manage human activities for a more sustainable coastal development. Within MPAs, traditional artisanal fishing is competing for space and resources with increasing recreational fishing, likely leading to interacting ecological effects. Such effects are difficult to unravel, given the multispecies character of both fisheries and the complexity of the food webs upon which they both impact. To address these issues, we developed an Ecopath and EcoTroph trophic model for the Portofino MPA case study (NW Mediterranean), in particular to (1) identify keystone species and assess fishing impact on them; (2) analyze the interacting impact of artisanal and recreational fishing on ecosystem biomass and trophic structure; and (3) assess the impact of recreational fishing on artisanal fishing catches. Two high trophic level predator (HTLP) groups coupled important keystone roles with high sensitivity to fishing pressure and should thus be regarded as “sentinels” to be prioritized for the definition of management actions. Recreational fishing had the widest impact on the food web, strongly impacting HTLP. Simulation of different mortality scenarios for each fishery highlighted that the ecosystem is far from its carrying capacity for HTLP. Forbidding recreational fishing allowed a 24% increase in HTLP biomass and benefited artisanal fishing by increased availability of HTLP catches. Artisanal fishing alone could instead be maintained with a moderate impact on the food web. Overall, Ecopath and EcoTroph modeling is a valuable tool to advise MPA management, but it is essential to increase data availability and quality by developing long‐term monitoring programs on key species and on artisanal and recreational fishing.
Preparation and evaluation of a novel sunflower oil‐based waterborne polyurethane nanoparticles for sustained delivery of hydrophobic drug
Authors: Omrani Ismail , Babanejad Niloofar , Shendi Hasan Kashef , Nabid Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2016

In the present study, a nanoparticulate system based on bio‐based waterborne polyurethane for the controlled delivery of raloxifene‐hydrochloride, as a model and drug with poor bioavailability, is described and considered to be an antiproliferative agent of mammary tissue. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the encapsulation of raloxifene in bio‐based polyurethane, synthesized for the first time, as a polymer with anionic surface on the release profile as well as antiproliferative activity. Polyurethane was synthesized from bio‐based polyol, which was derived from sunflower oil. The structure of bio‐based polyurethane was characterized using1HNMR, FT‐IR, and TGA. Drug release studies showed controlled release of raloxifene from anionic nanoparticles that was mainly driven by diffusion‐based mechanism. Degradation of nanoparticles during the release of Ral was investigated applying SEM and caused mainly through the hydrolysis of polyurethane. MCF‐7 cell viability studies demonstrated that, raloxifene loaded nanoparticles promote the antiproliferative activity after 72 h of treatment. The bio‐based polyurethane has potential as a useful carrier for controlled release of hydrophobic drugs.Practical applications: A novel carboxylic acid group containing polyol was prepared from sunflower oil and used in preparation of biodegradable waterborne polyurethane. The synthesized waterborne polyurethane was loaded by drug and its loading capacity was studied. Drug release studies showed controlled release of raloxifene from anionic nanoparticles that was mainly driven by diffusion‐based mechanism. Cell viability studies demonstrated that raloxifene loaded nanoparticles promote the antiproliferative activity.A novel carboxylic acid group containing polyol was prepared from sunflower oil and used in preparation of biodegradable waterborne polyurethane. The synthesized waterborne polyurethane was loaded by drug and its loading capacity was studied. Drug release studies showed controlled release of raloxifene from anionic nanoparticles that was mainly driven by diffusion‐based mechanism. Cell viability studies demonstrated that raloxifene loaded nanoparticles promote the antiproliferative activity.
State of the art in rumen lipid protection technologies and emerging interfacial protein cross‐linking methods
Authors: Gadeyne Frederik , De Neve Nympha , Vlaeminck Bruno , Fievez Veerle 
Published: December 2016

Polyunsaturated fatty acids given to ruminants are to a large extent hydrogenated to more saturated forms by microbial metabolism. Numerous protection technologies have been developed to overcome this hydrogenation process in order to increase the amount of unsaturated fatty acids bypassing the rumen and resulting in an effective transfer to the peripheral tissues. This review gives an overview of the current state of the art in rumen lipid bypass technologies, with the focus on both patent‐described protection mechanisms, possible advantages or drawbacks of the technologies, and protection results being described in recent scientific literature. Lipid bypass techniques which are dealt with include calcium salts, fatty acyl amides, aldehyde treatment, non‐enzymatic browning, lipid composite gels, and encapsulation within lipids. Further, the potential of a novel rumen lipid protection technology, based on interfacial cross‐linking of emulsions, is explored. Therefore, an overview is given on current knowledge of different types of enzymatically induced cross‐linking of protein at emulsion interfaces, both for existing food and possible ruminal bypass applications.Practical applications: Both from a human and animal health care as well as from a resource‐saving and economic perspective, protection of PUFA from ruminal BH is of interest.Protection, release, and absorption principle of a lipophilic rumen bypass product: As polyunsaturated fatty acids (P) are hydrogenated to more saturated fatty acids (S) upon ruminal passage (panel A), P sources administered to ruminants have to be protected against microbial turnover to transfer them to the peripheral tissues (panel B).
The interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic controls in determining floodplain wetland characteristics in the South African drylands
Authors: Larkin Zacchary T. , Ralph Timothy J. , Tooth Stephen , McCarthy Terence S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractControls on the characteristics of floodplain wetlands in drylands are diverse and may include extrinsic factors such as tectonic activity, lithology and climate, and intrinsic thresholds of channel change. Correct analysis of the interplay between these controls is important for assessing possible channel–floodplain responses to changing environmental conditions. Using analysis of aerial imagery, geological maps and field data, this paper investigates floodplain wetland characteristics in the Tshwane and Pienaars catchments, northern South Africa, and combines the findings with previous research to develop a new conceptual model highlighting the influence of variations in aridity on flow, sediment transport, and channel–floodplain morphology. The Tshwane–Pienaars floodplain wetlands have formed in response to a complex interplay between climatic, lithological, and intrinsic controls. In this semi‐arid setting, net aggradation (alluvium >7 m thick) in the wetlands is promoted by marked downstream declines in discharge and stream power that are related to transmission losses and declining downstream gradients. Consideration of the Tshwane–Pienaars wetlands in their broader catchment and regional context highlights the key influence of climate, and demonstrates how floodplain wetland characteristics vary along a subhumid to semi‐arid climatic gradient. Increasing aridity tends to be associated with a reduction in the ability of rivers to maintain through‐going channels and an increase in the propensity for channel breakdown and floodout formation. Understanding the interplay between climate, hydrology and geomorphology may help to anticipate and manage pathways of floodplain wetland development under future drier, more variable climates, both in South African and other drylands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of baseflow during dry spells in irregular channel cross section
Authors: Kim Tae Beom , Yang Jeong‐Seok 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe discharge and water level of a gaining stream are known to be maintained during dry spells by baseflow, which is defined as discharge from underground storage. However, the effect of baseflow on a real river is not well known because direct measurements of baseflow in field are difficult to conduct. Therefore, this study attempts to clarify the contribution of baseflow to streamflow and the extent to which the water level is maintained even during dry spells. A digital filter technique is applied to the records of daily mean streamflow in order to estimate the amount of baseflow, and the lateral distribution method is applied to irregular cross sections at observational sites to obtain the stage–discharge rate curve. Through a comparison of the observed data and calculation results, the amount of baseflow is estimated across the channel, in addition to the maximum water level retained during dry spells in relation to the baseflow. Finally, based on the results of an energy conservation model, this study proposes that the source of the amount of baseflow estimated across a channel section may be different from that of the water level maintained during dry spells.