bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Television Viewing and Consumer Behavior: The Effect of Personality Traits and Demographic Variables on Children’s Consumer Socialization.
Authors: Ismail Zeenat , Kaleem Jehangir 
Published: February 2016

<h1><span lang="EN-GB">The central purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between television viewing habits of children and their consumer behavior, however this study also focuses on possible factors influencing television viewing. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed to school going children between the ages of 10-12, personality measurements were taken through a semantic test.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> The aspects of children’s consumer socialization included in this study are how much television children watch, what they watch and their purchasing behavior. The children’s gender and family income are considered as influences on their television viewing and consumer socialization. Results of the study indicated that family income and personality traits had a significant effect on the Childs consumer socialization; it also identified relationship between other demographic factors and consumer socialization. Shown by a p value in the chi-square table as p&lt;0.1.</span><span lang="EN-GB">This research was originally conducted in Malaysia and it will be interesting to see its results in Pakistan, secondly with the growing influence of television viewing in our everyday lives and also the identification of children as a vital part of the consumer population this study carries importance both in the field of psychology and marketing. </span></h1><h1> </h1>
Leadership of Sanusi Daris in the Dynamics Community of Duri Enrekang Regency
Authors: Pilang Abd. Rahman 
Published: February 2016

<p class="aCxSpLast">This is a sociology study discussing the leadership of <em>Sanusi Daris</em> in various statuses he was entitled, his carrier was started as a teacher then involved in an independence maintenance movement as a commander of <em>TNI</em> (National Army of Indonesia). Yet, finally he chose to join with <em>Kahar Muzakkar</em> of DI-TII Movement (<em>Darul Islam – Tentara Islam Indonesia</em>) in <em>Baraka</em>,<em> Enrekang Regency</em>. For the purpose, this writing describes, (1) Profile of <em>Sanusi Daris</em> as an educator, fighter; (2) His position as an agent of change; (3) Perception of people against his personality and leadership. Data or information obtained through: interview, participation observation, documentation analysis, life history analysis, and folklore analysis. Methodology used is qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study show: (1) People of <em>Duri</em> is a community which give special attention to recruitment process of their leaders as for they view that a leader is identical with benefit and prosperity of the people; (2) <em>Sanusi Daris</em> is a charismatic leader; (3) <em>Sanusi Daris</em> is an agents of change, the enforcement of Islam Shari'a has motivated the change in religious system which then lead to socio-cultural changes; (4) People of <em>Duri</em> percept <em>Sanusi Daris</em> as a role model, a leader of trustworthy, and responsible. </p><p><strong>Key</strong><strong>w</strong><strong>ord: </strong>Leadership, Educator, Fighter, Charismatic leader, Agent of socio-cultural change</p>
The impact of high and low atmospheric pressure in the Jordanian environment on some physiological variable for runners .
Authors: Thnibat Baker 
Published: February 2016

<p>The study aimed at identifying the impact of difference between the areas of high atmospheric pressure in the Jordanian environment on some physiological variable ( estimating maximal oxygen consumption , estimating rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin ,vital capacity), for runners .</p><p> The study sample consisted of (16) athletes who practice ( middle and long – distance running). A number of statistical methods were used to answer the questions of the study ( arithmetic means , standard deviations , Mann.Whiteny test ,and the result of Kolmogorov – Smirnov tests ) .</p><p> The study result concluded that there was apriority for the measurements which were conducted on the training groups of low atmospheric pressure in comparison with the other group, with regard to the variables (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin). The study result also showed that there was apriority for the measurements which were conducted on the training groups of high atmospheric pressure in comparison with the other group, regarding to the variables (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin).in the areas of high atmospheric pressure.</p><p>The study result also suggested that ther were no statistically significant differences between two training groups with regard to the study variables of (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin ,vital capacity), were measured in of high atmospheric pressure areas .</p><p>The study recommended about building sports facilities that simulate the areas of low atmospheric pressure , because of the expected role that the factors would play in improving some physiological variables .</p>
Principles for Educational Supervision and Guidance
Authors: Jahanian Ramezan , Ebrahimi Mitra 
Published: February 2016

<p>Educational supervision is based on principles, of which consideration shall guaranty purposefulness and dynamism in an educational system. In order to accomplish a certain task, either simple or specialized, it is required that doer must start his activity, continues and accomplish the same by fully observing respective principles of the said activity. Realization of views and theories of educational supervision in an educational system, and getting assistance of the same for constant improvement of quality and production of new educational qualities depends on fundamental principles of supervision. Educational guides must follow principles of educational supervision and guidance for improvement of educational and learning conditions. They must always be concerned about the said principles in their plans and activities. Thus, due to importance of observance and consideration of respective principles in significant educational supervision and guidance, in this paper, it has been tried to state principles of supervision, which may guide supervisors in design and execution of educational supervision. </p>
Children receive less analgesia in general ERs than adults: A retrospective study
Authors: Karreman Erwin , Krause Christopher S. , Smith Sheila 
Published: February 2016

Background/Introduction: Oligoanalgesia is a common phenomenon in the Emergency Department (ED) with children being especially at risk. However, the extent to which pediatric patients are being undertreated for acute pain in relation to their adult counterparts is not well understood, especially in general (i.e., mixed adult and pediatric) EDs. This study was designed to compare the pain medication received by adult and pediatric patients with appendicitis presenting to a general ED. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 165 patients, 92 adult (mean age: 35.7 ± 15.7 years) and 73 pediatric (mean age: 11.0 ± 3.0 years) with a discharge diagnosis of “appendicitis” were included in this study. Demographic information as well as data regarding type, timing, and received amount of pain medication were collected. Adult and pediatric data were then compared using independent t-test or chi-square analysis. Effect sizes were also calculated. Results: Pediatric patients were significantly more likely than adult patients to not receive any analgesia during their ED stay (58.9% vs 20.7%, p>0.001, Cramer's V = 0.39). They were also significantly less likely to receive opioid analgesics, compared to adults (27.4% vs. 71.7%, p>0.001, Cramer's V = 0.44). Finally, mean pain scores recorded at presentation were significantly lower for children vs. adults (6.5 vs 7.2 out of 10, p = 0.015, r = 0.20). Conclusion: In this sample, pediatric patients with appendicitis presenting to a general emergency department received less opioid pain medication, and less pain medication in general, than their adult counterparts.
Recent Developments in Recursive Estimation for Time Series Models
Authors: Liang You , Thavaneswaran A. , Abraham B. 
Published: February 2016

Recently there has been a growing interest in joint estimation of the location and scale parameters using combined estimation functions. Combined estimating functions had been studied in Liang et al. (2011) for models with finite variance errors and in Thavaneswaran et al. (2013) for models with infinite variance<br />stable errors. In this paper, first a theorem on recursive estimation based on estimating functions is extended to multi-parameter setup and it is shown that the unified approach can be used to estimate the location parameter recursively for models with finite variance/infinite variance errors. The method is applied for the joint estimation of the location and scale parameters for regression models with ARCH errors and RCA models with GARCH errors.
Subpatch roughness in earthquake rupture investigations
Authors: Zielke O. , Mai P. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFault geometric complexities exhibit fractal characteristics over a wide range of spatial scales (<µm to > km) and strongly affect the rupture process at corresponding scales. Numerical rupture simulations provide a framework to quantitatively investigate the relationship between a fault's roughness and its seismic characteristics. Fault discretization, however, introduces an artificial lower limit to roughness. Individual fault patches are planar and subpatch roughness—roughness at spatial scales below fault patch size—is not incorporated. Does negligence of subpatch roughness measurably affect the outcome of earthquake rupture simulations? We approach this question with a numerical parameter space investigation and demonstrate that subpatch roughness significantly modifies the slip‐strain relationship—a fundamental aspect of dislocation theory. Faults with subpatch roughness induce less strain than their planar‐fault equivalents at distances beyond the length of a slipping fault. We further provide regression functions that characterize the stochastic effect subpatch roughness.
How well will the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission observe global reservoirs?
Authors: Solander Kurt C. , Reager John T. , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAccurate observations of global reservoir storage are critical to understand the availability of managed water resources. By enabling estimates of surface water area and height for reservoir sizes exceeding 250 m2 at a maximum repeat orbit of up to 21 days, the NASA Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission (anticipated launch date 2020) is expected to greatly improve upon existing reservoir monitoring capabilities. It is thus essential that spatial and temporal measurement uncertainty for water bodies is known a priori to maximize the utility of SWOT observations as the data are acquired. In this study, we evaluate SWOT reservoir observations using a three‐pronged approach that assesses temporal aliasing, errors due to specific reservoir spatial properties, and SWOT performance over actual reservoirs using a combination of in situ and simulated reservoir observations from the SWOTsim instrument simulator. Results indicate temporal errors to be less than 5% for the smallest reservoir sizes (< 10 km2) with errors less than 0.1% for larger sizes (>100 km2). Surface area and height errors were found to be minimal (area <5%, height <15 cm) above 1 km2 unless the reservoir exhibited a strong elliptical shape with high aspect ratio oriented parallel to orbit, was set in mountainous terrain, or swath coverage fell below 30%. Experiments from six real reservoir test cases generally support these results. By providing a comprehensive blueprint on the observability of reservoirs from SWOT, this study will be have important implications for future applications of SWOT reservoir measurements in global monitoring systems and models.
A mechanism‐denial study on the Madden‐Julian Oscillation with reduced interference from mean state changes
Authors: Ma D. , Kuang Z. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMechanism‐denial experiments using Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model are conducted to investigate the importance of extratropical and circumnavigating waves, wind‐evaporation feedback, and radiative‐convective feedback to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). A common issue with mechanism‐denial studies is the interference from mean state changes when processes are turned off in the model. Here time‐invariant forcing and nudging on effective timescales longer than the intraseasonal timescale are implemented to maintain the mean state. The MJO activity remains largely unchanged with suppressed extratropical and circumnavigating waves when the mean state is maintained to be close to that of the control run, suggesting that excitation of MJO by extratropical and circumnavigating waves is not necessary for the existence of MJO in this model. It is also shown that the wind‐evaporation feedback slows down eastward propagation of the MJO, and the radiative‐convective feedback amplifies the MJO.
Wave equation‐based reflection tomography of the 1992 Landers earthquake area
Authors: Huang Xueyuan , Yang Dinghui , Tong Ping , Badal José , Liu Qinya 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the framework of a recent wave equation‐based traveltime seismic tomography, we show that incorporating Moho‐reflected phases (PmP and SmS) in addition to the direct P and S phases can significantly increase tomography resolution in the lower crust and this may provide additional evidence to resolve important tectonic issues. To highlight the resolving power of the new strategy, we apply it in the region around the 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw = 7.3) in Southern California using seismic arrivals from local earthquakes, obtaining 3‐D high‐resolution P and S wave crustal velocity models and Poisson's ratio structures. In the upper crust, our method confirmed features that had been previously found. However, in the middle‐to‐lower crust, we found low‐velocity anomalies on the southeastern section of the San Jacinto Fault and high Vp and low Vs structures to the west of the Big Bear earthquake, which may be related to upwelling of partial melt from the mantle.
Does ocean coupling matter for the northern extratropical response to projected Arctic sea ice loss?
Authors: Deser Clara , Sun Lantao , Tomas Robert A. , Screen James 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe question of whether ocean coupling matters for the extratropical Northern Hemisphere atmospheric response to projected late 21st century Arctic sea ice loss is addressed using a series of experiments with Community Climate System Model version 4 at 1° spatial resolution under different configurations of the ocean model component: no interactive ocean, thermodynamic slab ocean, and full‐depth (dynamic plus thermodynamic) ocean. Ocean‐atmosphere coupling magnifies the response to Arctic sea ice loss but does not change its overall structure; however, a slab ocean is inadequate for inferring the role of oceanic feedbacks. The westerly winds along the poleward flank of the eddy‐driven jet weaken in response to Arctic sea ice loss, accompanied by a smaller‐magnitude strengthening on the equatorward side, with largest amplitudes in winter. Dynamical and thermodynamic oceanic feedbacks amplify this response by approximately 50%. Air temperature, precipitation, and sea level pressure responses also show sensitivity to the degree of ocean coupling.
Streamflow sensitivity to water storage changes across Europe
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter R. , Hartmann Andreas , Woods Ross A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTerrestrial water storage is the primary source of river flow. We introduce storage sensitivity of streamflow (ϵS), which for a given flow rate indicates the relative change in streamflow per change in catchment water storage. ϵS can be directly derived from streamflow observations. Analysis of 725 catchments in Europe reveals that ϵS is high in, e.g., parts of Spain, England, Germany, and Denmark, whereas flow regimes in parts of the Alps are more resilient (that is, less sensitive) to storage changes. A regional comparison of ϵS with observations indicates that ϵS is significantly correlated with variability of low (R2 = 0.41), median (R2 = 0.27), and high flow conditions (R2 = 0.35). Streamflow sensitivity provides new guidance for a changing hydrosphere where groundwater abstraction and climatic changes are altering water storage and flow regimes.
Mechanisms of immune escape in central nervous system infection with neurotropic JC virus variant
Authors: Jelcic Ivan , Jelcic Ilijas , Kempf Christian , Largey Fabienne , Planas Raquel , Schippling Sven , Budka Herbert , Sospedra Mireia , Martin Roland 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveSymptomatic infections of the central nervous system (CNS) with JC polyomavirus (JCV) usually occur as a result of immunocompromise and manifest as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) or granule cell neuronopathy (GCN). After immune reconstitution, some of these cases may show long‐term persistence of JCV and delayed clinical improvement despite inflammation.MethodsWe followed 4 patients with multiple sclerosis, who developed natalizumab‐associated PML or GCN with regard to JC viral load and JCV‐specific T‐cell responses in the CNS. All of them experienced immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), but in 2 cases JCV persisted > 21 months after IRIS accompanied by delayed clinical improvement.ResultsPersistence of JCV was associated with a lack of JCV VP1‐specific T‐cell responses during immune reconstitution in 1 of the patients. Detailed analysis of the brain infiltrate in another patient with neuronal persistence of JCV revealed strong infiltration of CD8+ T cells and clonal expansion of activated CD8+ effector T cells with a CD4dimCD8+ phenotype, both exhibiting exquisite specificity for conserved epitopes of JCV large T antigen. However, clearance of JCV was not efficient, because mutations in the major capsid protein VP1 caused reduced CD4+ T‐cell responses against the identified JCV variant and subsequently resulted in a decline of CD8+ T‐cell responses after IRIS.InterpretationOur findings suggest that efficient CD4+ T‐cell recognition of neurotropic JCV variants is crucial to support CD8+ T cells in combating JCV infection of the CNS. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:404–418
High‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of fluorinated cyclic β3‐amino acid derivatives on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases. Comparison with nonfluorinated counterparts
Authors: Lajkó Gyula , Orosz Tímea , Kiss Lóránd , Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc , Péter Antal , Ilisz István 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe stereoisomers of five fluorinated cyclic β3‐amino acid derivatives and their nonfluorinated counterparts were separated on chiral stationary phases containing as chiral selectors cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate), cellulose tris‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenyl carbamate), cellulose tris‐(4‐methylbenzoate), cellulose tris‐(4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenyl carbamate), amylose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate) or amylose tris‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl carbamate). The enantioseparations were carried out in normal‐phase mode with n‐hexane/alcohol/alkylamine mobile phases in the temperature range 5–40 °C. The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentration of the alcohol and alkylamine additives, the structures of the analytes and temperature on the separations were investigated. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from plots of ln α vs. 1/T. The Δ(ΔH°) values ranged between −5.0 and +1.6 kJ/mol, while Δ(ΔS°) varied between −12.6 and +5.7 J/mol/K. The enantioseparation was enthalpically controlled, the retention factor and the separation factor decreasing with increasing temperature, but entropically controlled separation was also observed. The elution sequence was determined for all of the investigated analytes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of high cis‐polymyrcene using neodymium‐based catalysts
Authors: Díaz de León Gómez Ramón Enrique , Enríquez‐Medrano Francisco Javier , Maldonado Textle Hortensia , Mendoza Carrizales Ricardo , Reyes Acosta Karina , López González Héctor Ricardo , Olivares Romero José Luis , Lugo Uribe Luis Edmundo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe monomer β‐myrcene, a renewable resource, was polymerized in cyclohexane using two different Ziegler‐Natta catalyst systems based on neodymium Nd(Oi‐Pr)3 and NdV3. The Nd(Oi‐Pr)3 was combined with [HNMe2Ph][B(C6F5)4] (or [CPh3][B(C6F5)4]) and Al(i‐Bu)3 (or Al(i‐Bu)2H). Next, the NdV3 was activated using Al(i‐Bu)3 and AlEt2Cl. Both catalyst systems exhibited high polymer yields near 100 % in the established reaction time, high polymer molecular masses, and broad molecular mass distributions. The catalyst systems gave an effective and stereospecific polymerization reaction of β‐myrcene providing high cis selectivity of 1,4‐polymyrcenes (> 92 %) with a glass transition temperature between −66 and −62 °C. The above‐mentioned features of resulting elastomers in conjunction with the polymer's molecular masses and molecular mass distributions proved to be sensitive to borane and alkylaluminum compounds molar ratios, [B]/[Nd] and [Al]/[Nd] using Nd(Oi‐Pr)3 and [Cl]/[Nd] and [Al]/[Nd] with NdV3.
19th c. Coloured stuccos and plasters from Grilos' Church (Oporto, Portugal): Materials and techniques employed
Authors: Salavessa Eunice , Candeias António , Mirão José , Sousa Luís M. O. , Duarte Nelson , Jalali Said , Salgueiro Joana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Oporto's St. Lourenço Church of the Jesuit College is locally known, since the St. Augustin Barefooted Eremites occupation (1779/80), as Grilos' Church. The Oporto's siege laid by D. Pedro and D. Miguel (1832/33) succeed in the college abandonment by Grilo's Friars. Throughout Augustin Friars presence period, the white plasters of the nave (end of 18th c.) were executed and it was constructed the Holly Sacrament Chapel (early 19th c.) with neoclassic coloured stuccos and plasters, influenced by Robert Adam, Luigi Chiari and Teixeira Barreto ornamental motifs. Pigments were added to the external layer to imitate the marble and to achieve the “base” colour of the panels. This study of the blue, rose and white stuccos and plasters of H.S. Chapel of Grilo's Church allows carrying out useful database on the original mortars composition by the use of different analytical techniques, important to select the most adequate solutions for restoration interventions. Optical microscopy, XRD, TG‐DTA, SEM‐EDS, XRF analysis results were considered to identify the composition of different layers and to provide mineralogical, microstructure and chemical characterization of the mortars components and to quantify the binder content in those mortars. These results were compared with collected information on compositions from other sources. This study allowed the identification of the decay causes of decorative stuccos and plaster, suggesting that water retention in the masonries and wooden laths structure of the dome of the chapel is the main factor. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 246–251, 2016