bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Government That Mexicans Deserve: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Divide
Authors: De Tuya Manuel , Schurr Monica 
Published: April 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYMexico's political history has seen several parties rise and fall in the 21st century, and amidst the many transitions, the Mexican people have seen a divide growing in their society. This divide covers many areas, such as economic standing, access to healthcare and education, and access to digital technology. The digital divide means that access to internet service and smartphones is often limited to the affluent. However, access to technology is just one aspect of the digital divide. Citizens also require training and education in how to use the technology and where to access information. Currently, the vast majority of internet users in Mexico are 24 years of age and younger, meaning that older generations need the access and education in technology use. With more Mexican citizens given access to technology, more can actively participate in government and create a government that they deserve.
Data Science in Libraries
Authors: Burton Matt , Lyon Liz 
Published: April 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe new field of data science involves advanced knowledge in statistics and computer science, combined with copious amounts of data. A report from the Big Data and Research Initiative under the Obama Administration, The Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan, calls attention to the roles that librarians will play in the future of data science. However, there are skills and management gaps librarians face that inhibit their ability to move forward in data science. A number of educational programs are now offered to remedy this problem, such as the Data and Visualization Institute for Librarians from North Carolina State University, the volunteer‐led Library Carpentry program, and most recently, the Data Sciences in Libraries Project, funded by the IMLS. This project aims to get librarians and library managers together to discuss the world of data science and create a roadmap for strategic planning.
Even Better Than the Basics on Metadata
Authors: Creekmore Laura 
Published: April 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYMetadata, taxonomies and other similar structures are essential in information architecture today, but often take a long time to fully understand. Metadata is especially misunderstood by many, considering its beginnings as a very technical discipline. For those looking to broaden their knowledge on metadata, Michael C. Andrews' book, Metadata Basics for Web Content: The Unification of Structured Data and Content, is an excellent resource. Despite the title, the book covers the basics of metadata and then goes a step further to explain relationships and present actual use cases. Andrews also defines the terms he is using early on in the book, so that professionals from all areas of information architecture can understand his meaning, even with terms that take on many meanings in the industry.
RuCl3 Supported on N‐Doped Graphene as a Reusable Catalyst for the One‐Step Glucose Oxidation to Succinic Acid
Authors: Rizescu Cristina , Podolean Iunia , Cojocaru Bogdan , Parvulescu Vasile I. , Coman Simona M. , Albero Josep , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImpregnation of RuCl3 on N‐doped graphenes results in the formation of well‐dispersed, small ruthenium oxyhydroxide nanoparticles supported on N‐doped graphene that may exhibit high selectivity (87 %) for the conversion of glucose into succinic acid under wet oxidation conditions (160 °C, 18 atm O2 pressure). Ruthenium loading and N‐atom distribution on graphene influence the catalytic activity, the best performing catalyst having 1 wt. % Ru loading on a graphene having a large population of graphenic N atoms. The high catalytic selectivity to succinic acid was correlated with the presence of small ruthenium nanoparticles. The present catalyst improves the best one previously reported because it does not require the continuous addition of an excess of amine to reach high succinic acid selectivity and reusability.
Electroactivity of NiCr Catalysts for Urea Oxidation in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Singh Ramesh Kumar , Schechter Alex 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInexpensive Ni‐based catalysts have shown comparable urea oxidation activity to that of precious metals in an alkaline electrolyte. We investigated the urea oxidation on binary NiCr catalysts supported on a carbon matrix in 1 m KOH and 0.33 m urea. The amount of Cr was optimized in the catalyst layer, and it was found that the catalyst with 40 % Cr (Ni60Cr40/C) exhibits the highest urea oxidation activity of 2933 mA mgNi−1 at 0.55 V; with an onset potential of 0.32 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Chronoamperometry curves of NiCr catalysts show stability over 2000 s in oxidizing urea. A lower charge‐transfer resistance of 3.3 Ω cm2 at 0.40 V was calculated on Ni60Cr40/C compared to that on Ni/C (13 Ω cm2). The exceptionally high mass activity of Ni60Cr40/C is attributed to its improved charge‐transfer kinetics, enhanced surface coverage of NiII/NiIII redox center, better dispersion of Ni nuclei, and a low‐Tafel slope.
Studies towards Bioinspired Synthesis of Hetidine‐Type C20‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids
Authors: Zhu Min , Li Xiaohuan , Song Xue , Wang Zhixiu , Liu Xiaoyu , Song Hao , Zhang Dan , Wang Fengpeng , Qin Yong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDetails of a biogenetically inspired strategy that led to the synthesis of the hetidine‐type C20‐diterpenoid alkaloid skeleton are reported in this paper. Key steps of our synthesis include a C—H oxidation to convert the atisine‐type core to the ajaconine skeleton, as well as an aza‐Prins cyclization that establishes the hetidine alkaloid skeleton. An unexpected heptacyclic framework bearing a unique tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonane moiety has been obtained during our studies, which may represent a new type of C20‐diterpenoid alkaloids yet to be discovered.
Patterns of care and predictors of adjuvant therapies in elderly patients with glioblastoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Amsbaugh Mark J. , Yusuf Mehran B. , Gaskins Jeremy , Burton Eric C. , Woo Shiao Y. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to characterize patterns of care and to identify predictors for adjuvant therapy in elderly patients with glioblastoma in the modern era. METHODS. The National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients aged 70 years and older with glioblastoma diagnosed from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2012. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify predictors for receiving adjuvant therapy. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and were analyzed using Cox regression models and the log‐rank test.RESULTSIn total, 14,886 patients were identified. Of these, 8214 patients (55.2%) received combined‐modality therapy with chemotherapy and radiation (CRT), 3955 (26.6%) received no adjuvant therapy, 2065 (13.9%) received radiation therapy (RT) alone, and 652 (4.4%) received chemotherapy (CT) alone after undergoing resection. The receipt of CRT increased in frequency over the study interval, from 40.3% in 2004 to 59.8% in 2012. Younger patients (ages 70‐75 years) were more likely to receive CRT than no adjuvant therapy (P < .0001 for all other age groups) or adjuvant RT alone (P < .0001 for all other age groups). Combined‐modality therapy with adjuvant CRT produced improved survival outcomes, and the highest median overall survival was 9.2 months.CONCLUSIONSIn this analysis of elderly patients who had glioblastoma diagnosed from 2004 through 2012, a significant increase in the receipt of combined‐modality therapy was observed. Combined‐modality treatment produces improved survival outcomes and should be considered as adjuvant treatment for carefully selected elderly patients. Cancer 2017;123:3277‐84. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Optimizing the interested area coverage with efficient mobile advertisement user selection
Authors: Xu Wanru , Yang Panlong 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMobile advertisement distribution effects are vitally important for advertisers as well as users. Status quo studies are focusing on efficient distribution especially when user mobilities are involved. Unfortunately, previous studies have shown the interested area property during mobile advertisement propagation. In achieving efficient and effective mobile advertisement applications, this work advocates the concept of location‐centric mobile crowdsourcing network, where locations are vitally important for advertisement distribution, and mobile users need to be carefully selected for efficiency considerations. Different from traditional user‐centric and platform‐centric crowdsourcing networks, this work focuses on the mobile advertisement user selection problem when interested area coverage is considered.There are several fundamentally important challenges needed to be addressed before developing a location‐centric scheme for mobile advertisement user selection. First of all, we need to deal with the spatio‐temporal features for each user, where the interested area coverage ratio needs to be effectively evaluated. Even worse, budget constraint makes this problem intractable. In tackling aforementioned challenges, this work makes the following efforts: First, a budget‐constrained user selection problem is formulated when location sensitive mobile advertisement applications are considered, which is proved NP‐hard. Second, the submodularity feature is explored, and a simple but efficient heuristic algorithm is presented with guaranteed approximation ratio
. Finally, extensive simulation results show that, our scheme could effectively improve the propagation effects for mobile advertisement with 125%. When considering the user's interest to different advertisements, the real user interest data set has also been used to validate that our proposed method could achieve improved performance than the random method.
Dramatic Effect of Solvent on the Rate of Photobleaching of Organic Pyrrole‐BF2 (BOPHY) Dyes
Authors: Woodford Owen , Harriman Anthony , McFarlane William , Wills Corinne 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe photochemical stability of two symmetrical pyrrole‐BF2 (BOPHY) dyes has been assessed under continuous exposure to white light. The parent dye, lacking conjugated substituents, is highly stable when illuminated in a nonpolar film for prolonged periods but autocatalysis is observed such that the rate of degradation escalates with increasing exposure time. The rate of photofading is faster in solution and involves intermediate formation of a coloured product. The nature of the solvent exerts a small effect on the rate of bleaching. Under the same conditions, a BOPHY derivative equipped with both extended π‐conjugation and a high internal dipole moment displays a pronounced solvent effect. Here, the rate of photofading varies over a factor of 2 000‐fold on changing the solvent from cyclohexane to toluene. Most of the kinetic data can be explained in terms of polar and neutral resonance forms but, on the basis of NMR spectroscopy, it is concluded that toluene forms a weak complex with the dye that provides protection against photochemical damage.
Increased productivity in wet years drives a decline in ecosystem stability with nitrogen additions in arid grasslands
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Knops Johannes M. H. , Brassil Chad E. , Mu Chunsheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAdding nutrients to nutrient‐limited ecosystems typically lowers plant diversity and decreases species asynchrony. Both, in turn, decrease the stability of productivity in the response to negative climate fluctuations such as droughts. However, most classic studies examining stability have been done in relatively wet grasslands dominated by perennial grasses. We examined how nutrient additions influence the stability of productivity to rainfall variability in an arid grassland with a mix of perennial and annual species. Of the nutrients, only nitrogen increased productivity, and only in wet years. In addition, only nitrogen decreased the stability of productivity. Thus, nutrient addition makes ecosystem productivity less stable in both wet and arid grasslands. However, the mechanism is very different. In contrast to wet grasslands, adding nitrogen to an arid grassland did not decrease diversity. Rather, stability decreased with nitrogen addition due to an increase in annual species that increased productivity. In other words, in our arid grassland, nitrogen addition decreased ecosystem stability because of increased ecosystem responsiveness to positive climate fluctuations. These climate fluctuations were facilitated by annual species that take advantage of wet years and can escape dry years as seeds. Our data support the conclusion that nutrient additions decrease the stability of productivity in both wet and arid grasslands. Nutrient enrichment increases the sensitivity of productivity to low rainfall years in wet grasslands, whereas nutrient enrichment in arid grasslands increases the sensitivity of productivity to high rainfall years.
Heat as a groundwater tracer in shallow and deep heterogeneous media: Analytical solution, spreadsheet tool, and field applications
Authors: Kurylyk Barret L. , Irvine Dylan J. , Carey Sean K. , Briggs Martin A. , Werkema Dale D. , Bonham Mariah 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGroundwater flow advects heat, and thus, the deviation of subsurface temperatures from an expected conduction‐dominated regime can be analysed to estimate vertical water fluxes. A number of analytical approaches have been proposed for using heat as a groundwater tracer, and these have typically assumed a homogeneous medium. However, heterogeneous thermal properties are ubiquitous in subsurface environments, both at the scale of geologic strata and at finer scales in streambeds. Herein, we apply the analytical solution of Shan and Bodvarsson (), developed for estimating vertical water fluxes in layered systems, in 2 new environments distinct from previous vadose zone applications. The utility of the solution for studying groundwater‐surface water exchange is demonstrated using temperature data collected from an upwelling streambed with sediment layers, and a simple sensitivity analysis using these data indicates the solution is relatively robust. Also, a deeper temperature profile recorded in a borehole in South Australia is analysed to estimate deeper water fluxes. The analytical solution is able to match observed thermal gradients, including the change in slope at sediment interfaces. Results indicate that not accounting for layering can yield errors in the magnitude and even direction of the inferred Darcy fluxes. A simple automated spreadsheet tool (Flux‐LM) is presented to allow users to input temperature and layer data and solve the inverse problem to estimate groundwater flux rates from shallow (e.g., <1 m) or deep (e.g., up to 100 m) profiles. The solution is not transient, and thus, it should be cautiously applied where diel signals propagate or in deeper zones where multi‐decadal surface signals have disturbed subsurface thermal regimes.
The HDAC6 Inhibitor Tubacin Induces Release of CD133+ Extracellular Vesicles From Cancer Cells
Authors: Chao Olivia S. , Chang Tim C. , Di Bella Maria A. , Alessandro Riccardo , Anzanello Fabio , Rappa Germana , Goodman Oscar B. , Lorico Aurelio 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as an important mode of intercellular communication, capable of transferring biologically active molecules that facilitate the malignant growth and metastatic process. CD133 (Prominin‐1), a stem cell marker implicated in tumor initiation, differentiation and resistance to anti‐cancer therapy, is reportedly associated with EVs in various types of cancer. However, little is known about the factors that regulate the release of these CD133+ EVs. Here, we report that the HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin promoted the extracellular release of CD133+ EVs from human FEMX‐I metastatic melanoma and Caco‐2 colorectal carcinoma cells, with a concomitant downregulation of intracellular CD133. This effect was specific for tubacin, as inhibition of HDAC6 deacetylase activity by another selective HDAC6 inhibitor, ACY‐1215 or the pan‐HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), and knockdown of HDAC6 did not enhance the release of CD133+ EVs. The tubacin‐induced EV release was associated with changes in cellular lipid composition, loss of clonogenic capacity and decrease in the ability to form multicellular aggregates. These findings indicate a novel potential anti‐tumor mechanism for tubacin in CD133‐expressing malignancies. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4414–4424, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effectiveness of online, family‐based media literacy education for substance abuse prevention in elementary school children: Study of the Media Detective Family Program
Authors: Scull Tracy M. , Kupersmidt Janis B. , Weatherholt Tara N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present study investigates the effectiveness of a family‐based, online media literacy education (MLE) program for substance abuse prevention in children from rural areas. A total of 83 families were randomly assigned to receive Media Detective Family (MDF; n = 47) or a control computer program (n = 36) between pre‐ and posttest questionnaires. A total of 51% (N = 42) completed a 3‐month follow‐up questionnaire. Children receiving MDF reported a significant reduction in their use of substances over time compared to children in the control group (d = −.80). Parents receiving MDF reported that the program was convenient and engaging. The current study showed that an online substance use prevention program using MLE and designed for families is an effective intervention method for reducing children's substance use.
Graph operations and upper bounds on graph homomorphism counts
Authors: Sernau Luke 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe construct a family of countexamples to a conjecture of Galvin [5], which stated that for any n‐vertex, d‐regular graph G and any graph H (possibly with loops),
urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt22148:jgt22148-math-0001where is the number of homomorphisms from G to H. By exploiting properties of the graph tensor product and graph exponentiation, we also find new infinite families of H for which the bound stated above on holds for all n‐vertex, d‐regular G. In particular, we show that if HWR is the complete looped path on three vertices, also known as the Widom–Rowlinson graph, then
urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt22148:jgt22148-math-0004for all n‐vertex, d‐regular G. This verifies a conjecture of Galvin.
Validation of water sorption‐based clay prediction models for calcareous soils
Authors: Arthur Emmanuel , Razzaghi Fatemeh , Moosavi Ali Akbar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSoil particle size distribution (PSD), particularly the active clay fraction, mediates soil engineering, agronomic and environmental functions. The tedious and costly nature of traditional methods of determining PSD prompted the development of water sorption‐based models for determining the clay fraction. The applicability of such models to semi‐arid soils with significant amounts of calcium carbonate and/or gypsum is unknown. The objective of this study was to validate three water sorption‐based clay prediction models for 30 calcareous soils from Iran and identify the effect of CaCO3 on prediction accuracy. The soils had clay content ranging from 9 to 61% and CaCO3 from 24 to 97%. The three water sorption models considered showed a reasonably fair prediction of the clay content from water sorption at 28% relative humidity (RMSE and ME values ranging from 10.6 to 12.1 and −8.1 to −4.2, respectively). The model that considers hysteresis had better prediction accuracy than the other two that do not. Moreover, the prediction errors of all three models arose from under‐prediction of the clay content. The amount of hygroscopic water scaled by clay content decreased with increasing CaCO3 content. The low organic carbon content of the soils and the low fraction of low‐activity clay minerals like kaolinite suggested that the clay content under‐predictions were due to large CaCO3 contents. Thus, for such water‐sorption based models to work accurately for calcareous soils, a correction factor that considers the reduction of water content due to large CaCO3 content should be included.
The albatross plot: A novel graphical tool for presenting results of diversely reported studies in a systematic review
Authors: Harrison Sean , Jones Hayley E. , Martin Richard M. , Lewis Sarah J. , Higgins Julian P.T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMeta‐analyses combine the results of multiple studies of a common question. Approaches based on effect size estimates from each study are generally regarded as the most informative. However, these methods can only be used if comparable effect sizes can be computed from each study, and this may not be the case due to variation in how the studies were done or limitations in how their results were reported. Other methods, such as vote counting, are then used to summarize the results of these studies, but most of these methods are limited in that they do not provide any indication of the magnitude of effect.We propose a novel plot, the albatross plot, which requires only a 1‐sided P value and a total sample size from each study (or equivalently a 2‐sided P value, direction of effect and total sample size). The plot allows an approximate examination of underlying effect sizes and the potential to identify sources of heterogeneity across studies. This is achieved by drawing contours showing the range of effect sizes that might lead to each P value for given sample sizes, under simple study designs. We provide examples of albatross plots using data from previous meta‐analyses, allowing for comparison of results, and an example from when a meta‐analysis was not possible.
Oxidative deterioration of pork during superchilling storage
Authors: Pomponio Luigi , Ruiz‐Carrascal Jorge 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn superchilling (SC), meat is kept at temperatures around 1 °C below its initial freezing point, leading to a significant increase in shelf life. This study aimed to address the oxidative changes taking place in pork loins during prolonged storage at SC temperature. Loins were stored either at chilling (CH) conditions (2–4 °C) for 4 weeks or at SC temperature (around −1 °C) for 12 weeks.RESULTSStorage at SC temperature diminished the rate of lipid and protein oxidation and discoloration in pork loins, so that final levels of most oxidation products and instrumental color values after 12 weeks of SC storage were similar to those after 4 weeks at CH conditions. However, hexanal content peaked by the end of SC storage, pointing to a potential accumulation of compounds from lipid oxidation during SC storage.CONCLUSIONSC storage of pork slows down the rate of lipid and protein oxidation. However, accumulation of volatile compounds from lipid oxidation could be a limiting factor for shelf life. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry