bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Local Wellness Policies in Schools: Role of School Systems, School Health Councils, and Health Disparities
Authors: Hager Erin R. , Rubio Diana S. , Eidel G. Stewart , Penniston Erin S. , Lopes Megan , Saksvig Brit I. , Fox Renee E. , Black Maureen M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWritten local wellness policies (LWPs) are mandated in school systems to enhance opportunities for healthy eating/activity. LWP effectiveness relies on school‐level implementation. We examined factors associated with school‐level LWP implementation. Hypothesized associations included system support for school‐level implementation and having a school‐level wellness team/school health council (SHC), with stronger associations among schools without disparity enrollment (majority African‐American/Hispanic or low‐income students).METHODSOnline surveys were administered: 24 systems (support), 1349 schools (LWP implementation, perceived system support, SHC). The state provided school demographics. Analyses included multilevel multinomial logistic regression.RESULTSResponse rates were 100% (systems)/55.2% (schools). Among schools, 44.0% had SHCs, 22.6% majority (≥75%) African‐American/Hispanic students, and 25.5% majority (≥75%) low‐income (receiving free/reduced‐price meals). LWP implementation (17‐items) categorized as none = 36.3%, low (1–5 items) = 36.3%, high (6+ items) = 27.4%. In adjusted models, greater likelihood of LWP implementation was observed among schools with perceived system support (high versus none relative risk ratio, RRR = 1.63, CI: 1.49, 1.78; low versus none RRR = 1.26, CI: 1.18, 1.36) and SHCs (high versus none RRR = 6.8, CI: 4.07, 11.37; low versus none RRR = 2.24, CI: 1.48, 3.39). Disparity enrollment did not moderate associations (p > .05).CONCLUSIONSSchools with perceived system support and SHCs had greater likelihood of LWP implementation, with no moderating effect of disparity enrollment. SHCs/support may overcome LWP implementation obstacles related to disparities.
Factors Associated With Intentions to Engage in Vaginal Intercourse Among Sexually Abstinent Missouri High School Freshmen
Authors: Watts Timothy , Wilson Kelly L. , McNeill Elisa B. , Rosen Brittany L. , Moore Nancy Daley , Smith Matthew L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examine personal characteristics, alcohol consumption, normative beliefs, household factors, and extracurricular engagement associated with intentions to have intercourse before marriage among abstinent students.METHODSData were analyzed from 245 freshmen enrolled in a school‐based abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage program. Two binary logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with intentions to engage in intercourse before marriage and within the next year.RESULTSApproximately 21% and 14% of participants reported intentions to have intercourse. Respondents participated in 2.2 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.2) extracurricular activities. Freshmen who were male, perceived their friends to approve of premarital sex, and consumed alcohol were more likely to report intentions to have intercourse. For every additional extracurricular activity in which freshmen participated, they were less likely to report intentions to have intercourse within the next year (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56).CONCLUSIONSFactors such as extracurricular activities provide youth with opportunities to build supportive relationships, connect with peers and role models, and positively engage in schools and communities. Extracurricular activities typically already exist, have funding, and are generally well‐supported. School‐based strategies can increase teenagers' autonomy by providing a variety of activities to participate in and reduce unsupervised time. This, in turn, has the potential to decrease sexual risk taking behaviors.
Differences in Selected HIV Care Continuum Outcomes Among People Residing in Rural, Urban, and Metropolitan Areas—28 US Jurisdictions
Authors: Nelson John A. , Kinder Anna , Johnson Anna Satcher , Hall H. Irene , Hu Xiaohong , Sweet Donna , Guido Alyssa , Katner Harold , Janelle Jennifer , Gonzalez Maribel , Paz Natalia Martínez , Ledonne Charlotte , Henry Jason , Bramel Theresa , Harris Jeanne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeThe HIV care continuum is used to monitor success in HIV diagnosis and treatment among persons living with HIV in the United States. Significant differences exist along the HIV care continuum between subpopulations of people living with HIV; however, differences that may exist between residents of rural and nonrural areas have not been reported.MethodsWe analyzed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National HIV Surveillance System data on adults and adolescents (≥13 years) with HIV diagnosed in 28 jurisdictions with complete reporting of HIV‐related lab results. Lab data were used to assess linkage to care (≥1 CD4 or viral load test ≤3 months of diagnosis), retention in care (≥2 CD4 and/or viral load tests ≥3 months apart), and viral suppression (viral load <200 copies/mL) among persons living with HIV. Residence at diagnosis was grouped into rural (<50,000 population), urban (50,000‐499,999 population), and metropolitan (≥500,000 population) categories for statistical comparison. Prevalence ratios and 95% CI were calculated to assess significant differences in linkage, retention, and viral suppression.FindingsAlthough greater linkage to care was found for rural residents (84.3%) compared to urban residents (83.3%) and metropolitan residents (81.9%), significantly lower levels of retention in care and viral suppression were found for residents of rural (46.2% and 50.0%, respectively) and urban (50.2% and 47.2%) areas compared to residents of metropolitan areas (54.5% and 50.8%).ConclusionsInterventions are needed to increase retention in care and viral suppression among people with HIV in nonmetropolitan areas of the United States.
Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions, pH, Temperature, Osmolality, and Cations
Authors: Le Minh Hoang , Pham Hung Quoc 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl2 (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl2 (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.
Linear and Non‐Linear Granger Causality Between Short‐Term and Long‐Term Interest Rates: A Rolling Window Strategy
Authors: Rahimi Azadeh , Chu Ba M. , Lavoie Marc 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, a rolling window strategy is used to detect the linear and non‐linear Granger causality relationships between the U.S. federal funds rate and the 10‐year government bond rate, during different time horizons, investigating whether these causalities change with the passing of time. For linear Granger causality tests, we apply the Toda and Yamamoto () approach and for non‐linear ones we use a non‐linear Granger causality test introduced by Diks and Panchenko (). Our findings show that during nearly all time periods there is a significant two‐way Granger causality relationship between these two interest rates.
Supernatants of irritable bowel syndrome mucosal biopsies impair human colonic smooth muscle contractility
Authors: Guarino M. P. , Barbara G. , Cicenia A. , Altomare A. , Barbaro M. R. , Cocca S. , Scirocco A. , Cremon C. , Emerenziani S. , Stanghellini V. , Cicala M. , Severi C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundChanges in intestinal motility are likely to contribute to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of IBS mucosal supernatants on human colonic muscle contractility.MethodsSupernatants were obtained from biopsies of 18 IBS patients—nine with constipation (IBS‐C) and nine with diarrhea‐predominant IBS (IBS‐D)—and nine asymptomatic subjects, used as controls. Colonic circular smooth muscle strips or isolated cells (SMC) were exposed to control or IBS supernatants. Spontaneous phasic contractions on strips and morphofunctional parameters on cells were evaluated in basal conditions and in response to acetylcholine (Ach). Incubation with IBS supernatants was also conducted in the presence of antagonists and inhibitors (namely histamine, protease and prostaglandin antagonists, nuclear factor‐kappa B inhibitor, catalase, NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and the cAMP‐ and/or cGMP‐cyclase inhibitors).Key ResultsExposure to IBS‐C and IBS‐D supernatants induced a significant reduction in basal tone and Ach‐elicited contraction of muscle strips and a significant shortening and impairment of Ach contraction of SMCs. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor prevented the effect of supernatants, while the protease antagonist only IBS‐C effect. No effect was observed with the other antagonists and inhibitors. Dilution of IBS‐D supernatants partially restored the effects only on SMCs, whereas dilution of IBS‐C supernatants significantly reverted the effects on muscle strips and Ach‐elicited response on SMC.Conclusions & InferencesSupernatants from mucosal biopsies of IBS patients reduce colonic contractility. The observed impairment was concentration dependent, likely occurring through intracellular oxidative stress damage, involving different neuromotor mechanisms depending on the IBS subtype.
The feasibility, usability, and clinical utility of traditional paper food and symptom journals for patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zia J. K. , Chung C.‐F. , Schroeder J. , Munson S. A. , Kientz J. A. , Fogarty J. , Bales E. , Schenk J. M. , Heitkemper M. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPaper food and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom journals are used to help irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients determine potential trigger foods. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, usability, and clinical utility of such journals as a data collection tool. A secondary aim was to explore a method for analyzing journal data to describe patterns of diet and symptoms.MethodsParticipants (N=17) were asked to log three sets of 3‐day food and symptom journals over a 15‐day period. Feasibility was evaluated by journal completion rates, symptom logging compliance, and logging fatigability. The feasibility, usability, and clinical utility of journaling were also assessed by a customized evaluation and exit interview. For each journal, regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between key meal nutrients and subsequent symptoms.Key ResultsMost participants were young (mean age 35±12) Caucasian (N=13) women (N=14). Journal completion rates were 100% for all participants with no logging fatigability. Over half perceived paper journaling of food and symptoms as feasible, usable, and clinically useful. Thirteen participants demonstrated a strong association with at least one symptom and meal nutrient. Patterns of associations differed among participants.Conclusions and InferencesPaper journaling of food and GI symptoms for 9 days over a 15‐day period appeared to be a feasible and usable data collection tool for IBS patients. Over half perceived journaling as at least somewhat clinically useful. Findings from this study support the anecdote that food trigger(s) and associated symptom(s) vary for each individual.
The added diagnostic value of postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index and nocturnal baseline impedance in refractory reflux disease studied with on‐therapy impedance‐pH monitoring
Authors: Frazzoni M. , de Bortoli N. , Frazzoni L. , Tolone S. , Furnari M. , Martinucci I. , Mirante V. G. , Marchi S. , Savarino V. , Savarino E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundOn‐therapy impedance‐pH monitoring in proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) yielded conflicting results. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) in PPI‐refractory heartburn.MethodsOn‐therapy impedance‐pH tracings from 189 consecutive patients with PPI‐refractory heartburn were blindly reviewed. Patients were subdivided into refractory reflux esophagitis (RRE), healed reflux esophagitis (HRE), non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD), and functional heartburn (FH) according to endoscopic and conventional impedance‐pH findings. The diagnostic accuracy of PSPW index and MNBI in separating NERD from FH was assessed with receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) analysis. Objectively documented persistent reflux remission at 3‐year follow‐up in 53 patients who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication served to evaluate PSPW index and MNBI as independent predictors of PPI‐refractory GERD confirmed by positive surgical outcome.Key ResultsMedian PSPW index and MNBI values were significantly lower in 39 RRE (16%; 1145 Ω) than in 41 HRE (25%; 1741 Ω) and in 68 NERD (29%; 2374 Ω) patients, and in all three GERD subgroups compared to 41 FH cases (67%; 3488 Ω) (P<.008). At ROC analysis, comparing NERD to FH the area under the curve was 0.886 with PSPW index and 0.677 with MNBI (P=.005). PSPW index was an independent predictor of PPI‐refractory GERD (odds ratio 0.6983, P=.012).Conclusions & InferencesAt on‐therapy impedance‐pH monitoring, PSPW index and MNBI efficiently distinguish PPI‐refractory NERD from FH. The PSPW index represents an independent predictor of PPI‐refractory GERD.
Midterm Results of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Children and Young Adults from a Single Center in Turkey
Authors: AYKAN HAYRETTIN HAKAN , KARAGOZ TEVFIK , GULGUN MUSTAFA , ERTUGRUL ILKER , AYPAR EBRU , OZER SEMA , ALEHAN DURSUN , CELIKER ALPAY , OZKUTLU SUHEYLA 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundDespite concerns about complications with the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), it is effective for the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). We aimed to analyze our midterm experience with ICD in children and young adults.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients who were implanted with an ICD between 2001 and 2014. Demographic characteristics, clinical information, shock features, and complications for all patients with ICD were analyzed. The study population was divided into two groups: early‐era patients implanted before 2008, and late‐era patients implanted after 2008.ResultsSixty‐nine patients (median age: 12 years, median follow‐up: 52 months) were implanted with an ICD. Diagnostic categories were channelopathy (56.6%), cardiomyopathy (36.2%), congenital heart disease (5.8%), and other (1.4%). We performed implantation for primary prevention in 66.6% (39.3% in early‐era patients and 85.4% in late‐era patients). Thirty‐one (44.9%) received 139 appropriate shocks (66% of total shocks) while 14 (20.2%) received 71 inappropriate shocks. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the use of appropriate shocks in the primary (66.7%) versus the secondary (72.2%) prevention groups. The incidence of appropriate and inappropriate shock was 66.7% and 33.3% in the primary prevention group, and 72.2% and 27.8% in the secondary prevention group, respectively. Two patients died, although only one death was the result of a lead problem.ConclusionsAlthough lead integrity problems, inappropriate shocks, and infections are significant issues, ICD therapy appears to be a safe, effective, and necessary option for the prevention of SCD in both children and young adults.
Prescription Patterns and the Cost of Migraine Treatments in German General and Neurological Practices
Authors: Jacob Louis , Kostev Karel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze prescription patterns and the cost of migraine treatments in general practices (GPs) and neurological practices (NPs) in Germany.MethodsThis study included 43,149 patients treated in GPs and 13,674 patients treated in NPs who were diagnosed with migraine in 2015. Ten different families of migraine therapy were included in the analysis: triptans, analgesics, anti‐emetics, beta‐blockers, antivertigo products, gastroprokinetics, anti‐epileptics, calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and other medications (all other classes used in the treatment of migraine including homeopathic medications). The share of migraine therapies and their costs were estimated for GPs and NPs.ResultsThe mean age was 44.4 years in GPs and 44.1 years in NPs. Triptans and analgesics were the 2 most commonly prescribed families of drugs in all patients and in the 9 specific subgroups. Interestingly, triptans were more commonly prescribed in NPs than in GPs (30.9% to 55.0% vs. 30.0% to 44.7%), whereas analgesics were less frequently given in NPs than in GPs (11.5% to 17.2% vs. 35.3% to 42.4%). Finally, the share of patients who received no therapy was higher in NPs than in GPs (33.9% to 58.4% vs. 27.5% to 37.9%). The annual cost per patient was €66.04 in GPs and €94.71 in NPs. Finally, the annual cost per patient increased with age and was higher in women and in individuals with private health insurance coverage than in men and individuals with public health insurance coverage.ConclusionTriptans and analgesics were the 2 most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of migraine. Furthermore, approximately 30% to 40% of patients did not receive any therapy. Finally, the annual cost per patient was higher in NPs than in GPs.
Non‐selective cation channel activity of aquaporin AtPIP2;1 regulated by Ca2+ and pH
Authors: Byrt Caitlin S. , Zhao Manchun , Kourghi Mohamad , Bose Jayakumar , Henderson Sam W. , Qiu Jiaen , Gilliham Matthew , Schultz Carolyn , Schwarz Manuel , Ramesh Sunita A. , Yool Andrea , Tyerman Steve 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aquaporin AtPIP2;1 is an abundant plasma membrane intrinsic protein in Arabidopsis thaliana that is implicated in stomatal closure, and is highly expressed in plasma membranes of root epidermal cells. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, AtPIP2;1 increased water permeability and induced a non‐selective cation conductance mainly associated with Na+. A mutation in the water pore, G103W, prevented both the ionic conductance and water permeability of PIP2;1. Co‐expression of AtPIP2;1 with AtPIP1;2 increased water permeability but abolished the ionic conductance. AtPIP2;2 (93% identical to AtPIP2;1) similarly increased water permeability but not ionic conductance. The ionic conductance was inhibited by the application of extracellular Ca2+ and Cd2+, with Ca2+ giving a biphasic dose–response with a prominent IC50 of 0.32 mм comparable with a previous report of Ca2+ sensitivity of a non‐selective cation channel (NSCC) in Arabidopsis root protoplasts. Low external pH also inhibited ionic conductance (IC50 pH 6.8). Xenopus oocytes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing AtPIP2;1 accumulated more Na+ than controls. Establishing whether AtPIP2;1 has dual ion and water permeability in planta will be important in understanding the roles of this aquaporin and if AtPIP2;1 is a candidate for a previously reported NSCC responsible for Ca2+ and pH sensitive Na+ entry into roots.
Decitabine prior to salvaged unrelated cord blood transplantation for refractory or relapsed childhood acute leukemia
Authors: Zhou Haixia , Zheng Changcheng , Zhu Xiaoyu , Tang Baolin , Tong Juan , Zhang Xuhan , Zhang Lei , Liu Huilan , Sun Zimin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNo clinical studies have investigated the role of decitabine as a part of the myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to UCBT for refractory or relapsed childhood AL in patients in NR status. The aim of this study was to identify the potential benefits of decitabine as a prior therapy before salvaged unrelated UCBT for refractory or relapsed childhood AL. Eight consecutive patients with childhood refractory/relapsed AL were enrolled in our study between 2013 and 2014. All patients were in NR status before the time of transplant and had features associated with poor outcomes, such as CNSL, MDS‐AML, high WBC count at diagnosis, and hypodiploid status (FLT3+/ITD+). Additionally, all patients had one of the following disease statuses: PIF, multiple relapse, or early relapse. All transplants were performed with decitabine as part of the myeloablative conditioning regimen, which was decitabine+Flu/Bu/CY±BCNU or decitabine+Ara‐c/BU/CY2±BCNU. A total of seven patients (7 of 8) achieved neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment, and one patient experienced primary graft failure. All eight patients (100%) developed PES at a median of 7 days. Three patients developed stage II‐IV acute GVHD at a median of 18 days. Additionally, three patients developed chronic GVHD, but it was not extensive in any of those three patients. The median follow‐up time after CBT was 19.9 months (range, 9.2–30.7 months). The estimated probability of OS was 75%. Two patients (2 of 8) experienced a testis relapse, and two patients (2 of 8) died. Our experience suggests that the additional application of decitabine as part of the myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to UCBT for refractory or relapsed childhood AL among patients who are not in remission is safe and might be an effective treatment option.
Immune killing of newborn Trichinella larvae by human leucocytes
Authors: Venturiello S.M. , Giambartolomei G.H. , Costantino S.N. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe capacity of human leucocytes from normal donors to kill the newborn larvae of the nematode Trichinella spiralis in vitro, in the presence of serum from infected individuals, was studied using newborn larvae (NBL) less than 2 h of age or NBL that had been maintained in culture at 37°C for 20 h. Neutrophils and monocytes attached to newborn Trichinella larvae and killed them, regardless of their age. When eosinophils were used, 20 h old NBL were killed whereas 2 hold NBL were not. Complement was essential in the cytotoxic effect of leucocytes. These results indicate that host defence against T. spiralis in humans may be a complex mechanism in which different cell types can be involved. They also show that the age of maturation of the NBL is of paramount importance in the antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity reaction.