bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Emulsion Lipid Droplet Crystallinity on Postprandial Endotoxin Transporters and Atherogenic And Inflammatory Profiles in Healthy Men – A Randomized Double‐Blind Crossover Acute Meal Study
Authors: Dassoff Erik S. , Hamad Samar , Campagna Elaina , Thilakarathna Surangi H. , Michalski Marie‐Caroline , Wright Amanda J. 
Published: October 2024

ScopeConsumption of high‐fat meals is associated with increased endotoxemia, inflammation, and atherogenic profiles, with repeated postprandial responses suggested as contributors to chronically elevated risk factors. However, effects of lipid solid versus liquid state specifically have not been investigated.Methods and resultsThis exploratory randomized crossover study tests the impact of lipid crystallinity on plasma levels of endotoxin transporters (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] binding protein [LBP] and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [sCD14]) and select proinflammatory and atherogenic markers (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α], C‐reactive protein [CRP], interleukin‐1‐beta [IL‐1β], interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule [sICAM], soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule [sVCAM], monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 [MCP‐1/CCL2], plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 [PAI‐1], and fibrinogen). Fasted healthy men (n = 14, 28 ± 5.5 years, 24.1 ± 2.6 kg m−2) consumed two 50 g palm stearin oil‐in‐water emulsions tempered to contain either liquid or crystalline lipid droplets at 37 °C on separate occasions with blood sampling at 0, 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐h post‐meal. Timepoint data, area under the curve, and peak concentration values are compared. Overall, no treatment effects are seen (p > 0.05). There are significant effects of time, with values decreasing from baseline, for TNF‐α, MCP‐1/CCL2, PAI‐1, and fibrinogen (p < 0.05).ConclusionResponder analysis pointed to differential treatment effects associated with some participant baseline characteristics but, overall, palm‐stearin emulsion droplet crystallinity does not acutely affect plasma endotoxin transporters nor select inflammatory and atherogenic markers.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Polyphenols on Type 2 Diabetes Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites
Authors: Liu Qiuming , Ma Qingyu , Li Jiao , Sun Liping , Zhuang Yongliang 
Published: October 2024

ScopeType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with a major global public health effect. Rambutan peel polyphenols (RPPs) have been reported to exert hypoglycemic activity. However, few studies have been explored from the viewpoint of gut microbiota and its metabolites.Methods and resultsRPPs are administered by gavage to a mice model of T2DM established by using a high‐fat diet combined with streptozotocin. It finds that RPPs treatment alleviates hyperglycemia symptoms by improving glucolipid metabolism and liver function. Immunohistochemistry indicates that the antihyperglycemic effect of RPPs is regulated by the IRS‐1/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. RPPs treatment remodels the structure of gut microbiota (Odoribacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Tuzzerella) and enriches the metabolites (RPPs‐derived urolithins, short‐chain fatty acids, dehydrocholic acid, (+)‐catechin, dihydroberberine, pterostilbene, and artesunate) associated with diabetes regulation in T2DM mice. The effects of RPPs in ameliorating glycolipid metabolism disorders are correlated with differential gut microbiota and metabolites.ConclusionThe gut microbiota and its metabolites are key targets for the hypoglycemic effects of RPPs.
David Garbers and the Birth of cAMP Biology in Mammalian Sperm
Authors: Visconti Pablo E. , Levin Lonny R. , Buck Jochen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDr. David Garbers made many impactful contributions to science and vastly improved our understanding of sperm biology. In this review, we focus on his identification of a key role for the second messenger cAMP in mammalian sperm. As a graduate student David discovered that sperm motility, which is essential for sperm to fertilize the egg, is under the control of the (at the time) recently identified, prototypical second messenger cAMP. Fast‐forwarding to the present, agents which turn off sperm's ability to generate cAMP and block sperm motility are being investigated as potential nonhormonal contraceptives for men and women. Should these efforts prove successful, Dave's discoveries will prove to be the spark which ignited a revolution in human health.
Physics‐guided self‐supervised learning: Demonstration for generalized RF pulse design
Authors: Jang Albert , He Xingxin , Liu Fang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo introduce a new method for generalized RF pulse design using physics‐guided self‐supervised learning (GPS), which uses the Bloch equations as the guiding physics model.Theory and MethodsThe GPS framework consists of a neural network module and a physics module, where the physics module is a Bloch simulator for MRI applications. For RF pulse design, the neural network module maps an input target profile to an RF pulse, which is subsequently loaded into the physics module. Through the supervision of the physics module, the neural network module designs an RF pulse corresponding to the target profile. GPS was applied to design 1D selective, ‐insensitive, saturation, and multidimensional RF pulses, each conventionally requiring dedicated design algorithms. We further demonstrate our method's flexibility and versatility by compensating for experimental and scanner imperfections through online adaptation.ResultsBoth simulations and experiments show that GPS can design a variety of RF pulses with corresponding profiles that agree well with the target input. Despite these verifications, GPS‐designed pulses have unique differences compared to conventional designs, such as achieving ‐insensitivity using different mechanisms and using non‐sampled regions of the conventional design to lower its peak power. Experiments, both ex vivo and in vivo, further verify that it can also be used for online adaptation to correct system imperfections, such as / inhomogeneity.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the generalizability, versatility, and flexibility of the GPS method for designing RF pulses and showcases its utility in several applications.
Effect of Excess Pore Pressure on Earthquake‐Induced Displacement of Partially Saturated Sandy Soil Slopes: Flexible Sliding Block Analysis
Authors: Zhang Tong , Ji Jian , Du Shigui , Song Jian , Huang Wengui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe permanent displacement of earth slopes during earthquake shaking is a key indicator for landslide hazard assessment. Previous studies mostly attempt to evaluate the earthquake‐induced displacement of dry or saturated soil slopes, while it is less common to deal with partially saturated soils. In the present study, a simplified procedure is proposed to account for the seismic‐induced excess pore pressure in slopes with partially saturated sandy soils. The effect of matric suction, suction stress, and excess pore pressure on the yield acceleration of partially saturated sandy slopes is investigated, and the coupled Newmark sliding block method, known as the flexible soil columns with dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio, is modified to estimate the seismic slope displacement. Detailed discussions are made about the effect of different degrees of saturation on the excess pore pressure ratio, yield acceleration, and slope displacement. The numerical results show that the excess pore pressure ratio tends to exponentially increase with saturation, and the change of yield acceleration and displacement with saturation can be divided into suction stress dominant and excess pore water pressure dominant stages.
High‐Fidelity Data Augmentation for Few‐Shot Learning in Jet Grout Injection Applications
Authors: Atangana Njock Pierre Guy , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Zhang Ning 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTContemporary geoengineering challenges grapple with the plateauing of both existing algorithms and their depth of insights, a phenomenon exacerbated by the scarcity of high‐fidelity data. Although existing solutions such as Monte‐Carlo method can generate abundant data, they are not sufficiently robust for ensuring the high fidelity of data. This study proposes a novel data augmentation framework that combines statistical and machine learning methods to generate high‐fidelity synthetic data, which closely align with field data in terms of the statistical and empirical attributes. The innovations of the proposed approach lie in the integration of Copulas theory for data generation, a developed geo‐regression anomaly detection (GRAD) for adjusting data attributes, and an evolutionary polynomial regression for data consistency enforcement. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a wide‐and‐deep (WaD) networks are applied to assess the effectiveness of high‐fidelity data augmentation using jet grouting data. The outcomes reveal the robustness of the synthetic data generation framework, achieving satisfactory fidelity in both empirical and statistical attributes. The proposed data augmentation improved the R2 and MAE achieved by MLP and WaD up to 28.37% under data fractions ranging from 0.2 to 1. MLP and WaD yielded comparable results in terms of accuracy and generalization ability across various augmented fractions. This indicates that the accuracy of synthetic data plays a pivotal role, suggesting improving data quality can be highly effective in boosting performance, regardless of the model complexity. This study contributes valuable insights to addressing the challenges of scare high‐fidelity data in geoengineering.
On the Nearest Kronecker Product Problem Under Orthonormal Constraints
Authors: Lin Matthew M. , Lu Bing‐Ze 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Kronecker product enlightens a sophisticated and esthetically pleasing algebraic structure that is a fundamental framework for diverse applications, such as signal processing, image analysis, and quantum computing. This study, proposing an iterative methodology grounded in Wirtinger calculus and polar decomposition, delves into the nearest Kronecker product problem under orthonormal constraints. The iterative approach ensures global convergence toward a local solution from any initial value. Numerical experiments are given to show the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach. Mainly, when the target matrix in the objective function is decomposable, the recovery of the original structure is achievable.
A mixed hexahedral solid‐shell finite element with self‐equilibrated isostatic assumed stresses for geometrically nonlinear problems
Authors: Liguori Francesco S. , Zucco Giovanni , Madeo Antonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMixed Finite Elements (FEs) with assumed stresses and displacements provide many advantages in analysing shell structures. They ensure good results for coarse meshes and provide an accurate representation of the stress field. The shell FEs within the family designated by the acronym Mixed Isostatic Self‐equilibrated Stresses (MISS) have demonstrated high performance in linear and nonlinear problems thanks to a self‐equilibrated stress assumption. This article extends the MISS family by introducing an eight nodes solid‐shell FE for the analysis of geometrically nonlinear structures. The element, named MISS‐4S, features 24 displacement variables and an isostatic stress representation ruled by 18 parameters. The displacement field is described only by translations, eliminating the need for complex finite rotation treatments in large displacements problems. A total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with the Green–Lagrange strain tensor and the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor. The numerical results concerning popular shell obstacle courses prove the accuracy and robustness of the proposed formulation when using regular or distorted meshes and demonstrate the absence of any locking phenomena. Finally, convergences for pointwise and energy quantities show the superior performance of MISS‐4S compared to other elements in the literature, highlighting that an isostatic and self‐equilibrated stress representation, already used in shell models, also gives advantages for solid‐shell FEs.
On the Use of Fidelity Transformation Method for Stress‐Constrained Reliability‐Based Topology Optimization of Continuum Structure With High Accuracy
Authors: Meng Zeng , Qian Qiaochu , Hao Peng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTStress‐constrained reliability‐based topology optimization (RBTO) method has incurred considerable attention owing to its superiority of enhancing the structural safety. However, the traditional reliability methods encounter inaccurate issue for evaluating the failure probability of stress‐constrained structure. In this work, the failure mechanism of the stress‐constrained RBTO problem is analyzed for continuum structure, which reveals that the correlation between different stress constraints and utilization of aggregation function significantly impacts the accuracy. Then, a novel stress‐constrained system RBTO framework is suggested to enhance computational efficiency and accuracy for system reliability analysis. Furthermore, an accurate and efficient semi‐analytical method is suggested to approximate the performance functions through first‐order Taylor series expansion, in which the intricate implicit expressions are substituted by the straightforward analytic expressions. In addition, the fidelity transformation method is employed for converting the semi‐analytical RBTO method to classical RBTO method. To demonstrate the practicability of the proposed framework, three benchmark cases, including 2D and 3D problems, are tested. The results reveal that the proposed framework achieves high accuracy and efficiency.
Associations of takeaway outlets with takeaway food consumption and adiposity: longitudinal analysis of the Fenland cohort
Authors: Hoenink Jody C. , Burgoine Thomas , Forouhi Nita G. , Monsivais Pablo , Sharp Stephen J. , Panter Jenna , Adams Jean 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study builds on prior findings that link increased availability of takeaway food outlets in home, workplace, and commuting environments to greater takeaway consumption and adiposity. Using longitudinal data, we examine associations of takeaway availability at baseline with changes in consumption and adiposity between baseline and follow‐up.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Fenland Study, with baseline data from 2005 to 2015 and follow‐up from 2015 to 2020. Takeaway outlet availability within 1 mile of participants' home and workplace addresses, based on 2011 local authority data, was assessed. Outcomes included takeaway food consumption (from a food frequency questionnaire) and body fat percentage (measured via dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry) at follow‐up.ResultsAmong 7581 participants (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [7.4] years) with a mean follow‐up of 6.7 years, no positive association was found between takeaway outlet availability at baseline and changes in consumption or body fat percentage. However, among the 12 associations tested, the highest combined home–workplace availability of takeaway outlets, compared with none, was associated with a 0.68 decrease in body fat percentage (95% CI: 0.24–1.12).ConclusionsAlthough takeaway outlet availability was linked to greater consumption and adiposity at baseline, it did not predict changes over time, underscoring the complexity of dietary behaviors and their relationship with the neighborhood food environment.
Microscale modelling of non‐woven material compression
Authors: Wan Chengrui , Heider Yousef , Markert Bernd 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research presents a discrete numerical model designed to simulate the uniaxial compression of non‐woven materials composed of entangled, non‐cross‐linked fibre systems. These materials undergo varying compression states, particularly during processes such as needle‐punching in their production. Understanding the microstructure at different compression states is critical to accurately simulate the macroscopic behaviour of non‐woven materials in such scenarios. The implementation of our numerical model, which uses force‐based dynamics for discrete particles, incorporates recovery forces originating from fibre elasticity and repulsive forces at fibre contacts. The frictional behaviour of the fibres is also described in the numerical model. The algorithm has been optimised for improved computational efficiency when simulating large numbers of fibres. Given the initial configuration of the fibre system, the model is capable of simulating the compressed fibre system at any compression state. It also provides a load‐compression relationship, thus serving as a homogenisation method for understanding the mechanical behaviour of such microstructural materials.
Multi‐scale experimental investigation of porosity‐induced damage effects in filament‐wound carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites used in hydrogen storage tanks
Authors: Feki Imen , Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Nouira Samia , Heripre Eva , Tie Bi Robert , Maeso Jean‐Baptiste , Thomas Cedric , Fitoussi Joseph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogen‐fueled vehicles, recognized for their environmental benefits as they emit only water vapor, represent a sustainable alternative to traditional cars. This paper investigates the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites used to manufacture lightweight hydrogen storage pressure vessels through the filament winding process. This fabrication technique, while common, often results in variable fiber orientations and porosity content that affect the mechanical properties of the composite structures. Our study uses tubes made from carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin with different angular fiber orientations (±15° and ±30°) and multilayer structures to analyze how these variations impact the mechanical properties and damage behavior of the composites. A series of tests, including physical–chemical characterizations, porosity measurements, and multiscale mechanical assessments such as tensile and loading‐unloading analysis have been conducted. The results demonstrate that porosity, measured in the range of 5%–7%, significantly impacts mechanical performance. Moreover, a 40% decrease in Young's modulus was observed between the ±15° and ±30° fiber orientations, and a 65% reduction was noted for the multilayer structure. Microscopically, the presence of porosity initiates cracks and leads to fiber/matrix decohesion and fiber breakage. Mesoscopically, these defects can merge to form transverse cracks and micro‐delaminations between layers, highlighting the complex behaviors of these composites under loading. This information is critical for improving the design and durability of hydrogen storage systems.Highlights
Porosity, measured in the range of 5%–7%, significantly affects mechanical performance, reducing Young's modulus by up to 40% between ±15° and ±30° fiber orientations and by 65% in multilayer structures.
Fiber/matrix decohesion and crack initiation due to porosity lead to the formation of transverse cracks and micro‐delaminations between layers, affecting the durability of the composite.
Optimizing fiber orientation and reducing porosity are critical to improving the mechanical performance and long‐term durability of hydrogen storage vessels.
Highly sensitive and low detection limit bionic flexible sensor inspired by the eggshell
Authors: Lu Penglin , Xu Tianyi , Yuan Yingxin , Wang Xincheng , Lian Weiping , Li Chongbing , Yang Pengyu , Guan Shanshan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe high‐performance flexible pressure sensors demonstrate significant potential in wearable electronics, robotics, human‐machine interfaces, and healthcare. However, the preparation of bionic flexible sensors with high sensitivity and low detection limit is still a big challenge. This study proposes a bionic flexible sensor based on the hierarchical microstructure of eggshells, which improves sensing performance and reduces detection limits by constructing a bionic body with good microstructure. The developed sensor incorporates hierarchical microstructures and interlocked architectures, which complement each other to improve the sensor's sensing performance. The enhancement effect of microstructure on sensor sensitivity was studied by comparative experiments. Experimental results show that the eggshell‐inspired bionic flexible sensor in this study has a high sensitivity of 15.01 kPa−1 and a low detection limit (~4 Pa). In addition, the bionic sensor has a rapid response time (~180 ms) and excellent durability (~1000 cycles), making it a reliable platform for human body detection, dynamic load, and sound monitoring. This study provides great potential for innovative applications of bionic flexible sensors in electronic skin and sound monitoring.Highlights
Hierarchical and interlocked microstructure enables the low detection limit.
A wide range of applications in weak physiological signals.
Effectively detect and distinguish different sounds.
A sustainable strategy to convert wasted resources into functional materials.
Parental Management Choices and Discordant Ultrasound Findings in Referrals for Fetal Spina Bifida
Authors: Van den Eede Emma , Vergote Simen , Van der Veeken Lennart , Russo Francesca , Van der Merwe Johannes , Mastrodima‐Polychroniou Sofia , De Catte Luc , Deprest Jan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe severity of spina bifida aperta can be assessed prenatally by ultrasound. Morphological findings assist parents in choosing between management options. We aimed to document those management choices since the introduction of fetal surgery, and compare initial ultrasound findings prior to referral to findings in a fetal surgery center.MethodSingle center cohort study of 245 consecutive fetuses with a second‐trimester diagnosis of SBA. Data included nature of referral (for assessment or for surgery), condition‐specific findings on ultrasound, and further management. We compared the reported findings on the initial ultrasound to ours for the presence of hindbrain herniation, lesion level, ventricular width, kyphosis, leg movement, and club feet.ResultsSeventy‐two percent (n = 177) of fetuses met the eligibility criteria for surgery; in 60% (n = 106) parents opted for fetal surgery. Of 136 patients specifically referred for surgery, 27 were ineligible (20%). Of the others, 93 proceeded with surgery. In up to 28% (n = 30) of surgery referrals, eligibility criteria such as lesion level (n = 30, 28%) or leg movement (72%, n = 78) as severity indicators were not reported.ConclusionFetal surgery uptake was high in patients referred for surgery. Second assessment in a fetal surgery center often reveals additional relevant information.