bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective doping of Ni2+ in highly transparent glass-ceramics containing nano-spinels ZnGa2O4 and Zn1+x
Ga2−2x
Ge
x
O4 for broadband near-infrared fiber amplifiers
Authors: Gao Zhigang , Liu Yinyao , Ren Jing , Fang Zaijin , Lu Xiaosong , Lewis Elfed , Farrell Gerald , Yang Jun , Wang Pengfei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelective doping of Ni2+ in octahedral sites provided by nanocrystals embedded in glass-ceramics (GCs) is crucial to the enhancement of broadband near-infrared (NIR) emission. In this work, a NIR emission with a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of 288 nm is first reported from ZnGa2O4: Ni2+ nano-spinels embedded GCs with excellent transparency. A comparison is made of the NIR luminescence properties of Ni2+ doped GCs containing ZnGa2O4, germanium-substituted ZnGa2O4 nano-spinels (Zn1+x
Ga2−2x
Ge
x
O4), and Zn2GeO4/Li2Ge4O9 composite nanocrystals that are free of Ga3+. The results show that ZnGa2O4: Ni2+ GCs exhibit a significantly enhanced NIR emission. The incorporation of the nucleating agent TiO2 is favored in terms of the increased luminescence intensity and prolonged lifetime. The possible causes for the enhancement effect are identified from the crystal structure/defects viewpoint. The newly developed GCs incorporate good reproducibility to allow for a tolerance of thermal treatment temperature and hence hold great potential of fiberization via the recently proposed “melt-in-tube” method. They can be considered as promising candidates for broadband fiber amplifiers.
Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on maize rhizosphere microbiome and biocontrol of Fusarium Stalk rot
Authors: Saravanakumar Kandasamy , Li Yaqian , Yu Chuanjin , Wang Qiang-qiang , Wang Meng , Sun Jianan , Gao Jin-xin , Chen Jie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFusarium stalk rot (FSR) caused by Fusarium graminearum (FG) significantly affects the productivity of maize grain crops. Application of agrochemicals to control the disease is harmful to environment. In this regard, use of biocontrol agent (BCA) is an alternative to agrochemicals. Although Trichoderma species are known as BCA, the selection of host-pathogen specific Trichoderma is essential for the successful field application. Hence, we screened a total of 100 Trichoderma isolates against FG, selected Trichoderma harzianum (CCTCC-RW0024) for greenhouse experiments and studied its effect on changes of maize rhizosphere microbiome and biocontrol of FSR. The strain CCTCC-RW0024 displayed high antagonistic activity (96.30%), disease reduction (86.66%), biocontrol-related enzyme and gene expression. The root colonization of the strain was confirmed by eGFP tagging and qRT-PCR analysis. Pyrosequencing revealed that exogenous inoculation of the strain in maize rhizosphere increased the plant growth promoting acidobacteria (18.4%), decreased 66% of FG, and also increased the plant growth. In addition, metabolites of this strain could interact with pathogenicity related transcriptional cofactor FgSWi6, thereby contributing to its inhibition. It is concluded that T. harzianum strain CCTCC-RW0024 is a potential BCA against FSR.
Characterization of off-odours and potentially harmful substances in a fancy dress accessory handbag for children
Authors: Wiedmer Christoph , Velasco-Schön Cristina , Buettner Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA fancy dress accessory handbag for children was claimed by consumers to exhibit an offensive smell. Sensory characterization by an expert panel revealed, amongst others, rubber- and car tire - like notes. For elucidation of the molecular reasons of this sensory defect, the volatile fraction of the product was isolated by means of solvent extraction and high vacuum distillation. Identification of the main odorants was accomplished by means of one- and two-dimensional gas chromatography, with parallel mass spectrometric and olfactometric detection. In total more than 60 odorants were detected in the sample and more than 30 of these odour-active substances could be identified. Amongst them were a number of naphthalene derivatives as well as saturated and mono- or di-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The naphthalene derivatives that were identified in the children’s article appeared to be mainly responsible for the characteristic off-odour. Additionally, a GC-MS-screening for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed, which revealed the presence of 15 PAHs in total. However, 14 of them were of no relevance for the smell of the product.
The active site structure and catalytic mechanism of arsenite oxidase
Authors: Warelow Thomas P. , Pushie M. Jake , Cotelesage Julien J. H. , Santini Joanne M. , George Graham N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractArsenite oxidase is thought to be an ancient enzyme, originating before the divergence of the Archaea and the Bacteria. We have investigated the nature of the molybdenum active site of the arsenite oxidase from the Alphaproteobacterium Rhizobium sp. str. NT-26 using a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Our analysis indicates an oxidized Mo(VI) active site with a structure that is far from equilibrium. We propose that this is an entatic state imposed by the protein on the active site through relative orientation of the two molybdopterin cofactors, in a variant of the Rây-Dutt twist of classical coordination chemistry, which we call the pterin twist hypothesis. We discuss the implications of this hypothesis for other putatively ancient molybdopterin-based enzymes.
Preclinical evaluation of PAC1 targeting with radiolabeled Maxadilan
Authors: Joosten Lieke , Brom Maarten , Schäfer Martin K. H. , Boerman Otto C. , Weihe Eberhard , Gotthardt Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere is an ongoing search for new tracers to optimize imaging of beta cell-derived tumors (insulinomas). The PAC1 receptor, expressed by insulinomas, can be used for targeting of these tumors. Here, we investigated whether radiolabeled maxadilan could be used for insulinoma imaging. Maxadilan was C- or N-terminally conjugated with DTPA (termed maxadilan-DPTA or DTPA-maxadilan respectively). BALB/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous INS-1 tumors were injected with either In-111-labeled maxadilan-DTPA or In-111-DTPA-maxadilan. Biodistribution studies were carried out at 1, 2 and 4 hours after injection and SPECT/CT imaging 1 and 4 hours after injection of maxadilan-DTPA-111In. Radiolabeling of maxadilan-DTPA (680 MBq/nmol) was more efficient than of DTPA-maxadilan (55 MBq/nmol). Conjugation with DTPA slightly reduced receptor binding affinity in vitro: IC50 values were 3.2, 21.0 and 21.0 nM for maxadilan, natIn-DTPA-maxadilan and maxadilan-DTPA-natIn respectively. Upon i.v. injection maxadilan-DTPA-111In accumulated specifically in INS-1 tumors (7.30 ± 1.87%ID/g) and in the pancreas (3.82 ± 0.22%ID/g). INS-1 tumors were clearly visualized by small animal SPECT/CT. In conclusion, this study showed that the high affinity of maxadilan to the PAC1 receptor was maintained after DTPA conjugation. Furthermore, radiolabeled maxadilan-DTPA accumulated specifically in INS-1 tumors and, therefore, may qualify as a useful tracer to image insulinomas.
Hybrid Three-Mode Correlation and Squeezing in a Pr3+:YSO Crystal
Authors: Liu Zongchen , Ahmed Irfan , Abdisa Garuma , Jiang Zihai , Fan Shuwei , Wang Hongxing , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report the generation of three-mode hybrid intensity-noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) and fourth-order fluorescence (FL) signals in the heteronuclear-like (three-level Λ-type) molecular structure of a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 (Pr3+:YSO) crystal using the nonlinear cross-Kerr effect under a polarized dressing effect. In the semi-classical view of a Kerr nonlinear medium, the amplitude of two-mode hybrid correlations of this kind is subject to a limit determined by the hybrid maximally entangled state. Whereas the degree of correlation and squeezing is determined by the dressing effects of the input laser fields participating in the SP-FWM process. We also find that the variations in magnitude of three-mode hybrid intensity-noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing are consistent with nonlinear cross-Kerr processes. Such a three-mode hybrid signal may have potential applications in long-distance communication, dense coding, all-optical communication and quantum storage on photonic chips.
Light perception in aerial tissues enhances DWF4 accumulation in root tips and induces root growth
Authors: Sakaguchi Jun , Watanabe Yuichiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany attempts have been made to characterize the activities of brassinosteroids (BRs), which are important plant hormones. The crosstalk between light perception and the BR signalling pathway has been extensively studied regarding its effects on photomorphogenesis, especially in elongating etiolated hypocotyls. In contrast, how and where the light induces BR biosynthesis remain uncharacterized. DWF4 is one of the main enzymes involved in the BR biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. We established DWF4-GUS A. thaliana lines in a homozygous dwf4-102 genetic background, but functionally complemented with a genomic DWF4 sequence fused in-frame with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) marker gene. The DWF4-GUS plants enabled the visualization of the accumulation of DWF4 under different conditions. We investigated the effects of aboveground light on root and hypocotyl growth. We observed that root length increased when shoots were maintained under light irrespective of whether roots were exposed to light. We also determined that light perception in aerial tissues enhanced DWF4 accumulation in the root tips. Overall, our data indicate that BR biosynthesis is promoted in the root tip regions by an unknown mechanism in distantly located shoot tissues exposed to light, leading to increased root growth.
Anomalous in-plane anisotropic Raman response of monoclinic semimetal 1 T´-MoTe
2
Authors: Song Qingjun , Wang Haifeng , Pan Xingchen , Xu Xiaolong , Wang Yilun , Li Yanping , Song Fengqi , Wan Xiangang , Ye Yu , Dai Lun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) semimetal 1 T´-MoTe2 exhibits colossal magnetoresistance and superconductivity, driving a strong research interest in the material’s quantum phenomena. Unlike the typical hexagonal structure found in many 2D materials, the 1 T´-MoTe2 lattice has strong in-plane anisotropy. A full understanding of the anisotropy is necessary for the fabrication of future devices which may exploit these quantum and topological properties, yet a detailed study of the material’s anisotropy is currently lacking. While angle resolved Raman spectroscopy has been used to study anisotropic 2D materials, such as black phosphorus, there has been no in-depth study of the Raman dependence of 1 T´-MoTe2 on different layer numbers and excitation energies. Here, our angle resolved Raman spectroscopy shows intricate Raman anisotropy dependences of 1 T´-MoTe2 on polarization, flake thickness (from single layer to bulk), photon, and phonon energies. Using a Paczek approximation, the anisotropic Raman response can be captured in a classical framework. Quantum mechanically, first-principle calculations and group theory reveal that the anisotropic electron-photon and electron-phonon interactions are nontrivial in the observed responses. This study is a crucial step to enable potential applications of 1 T´-MoTe2 in novel electronic and optoelectronic devices where the anisotropic properties might be utilized for increased functionality and performance.
Stretchable, Twisted Conductive Microtubules for Wearable Computing, Robotics, Electronics, and Healthcare
Authors: Do Thanh Nho , Visell Yon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStretchable and flexible multifunctional electronic components, including sensors and actuators, have received increasing attention in robotics, electronics, wearable, and healthcare applications. Despite advances, it has remained challenging to design analogs of many electronic components to be highly stretchable, to be efficient to fabricate, and to provide control over electronic performance. Here, we describe highly elastic sensors and interconnects formed from thin, twisted conductive microtubules. These devices consist of twisted assemblies of thin, highly stretchable (>400%) elastomer tubules filled with liquid conductor (eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn), and fabricated using a simple roller coating process. As we demonstrate, these devices can operate as multimodal sensors for strain, rotation, contact force, or contact location. We also show that, through twisting, it is possible to control their mechanical performance and electronic sensitivity. In extensive experiments, we have evaluated the capabilities of these devices, and have prototyped an array of applications in several domains of stretchable and wearable electronics. These devices provide a novel, low cost solution for high performance stretchable electronics with broad applications in industry, healthcare, and consumer electronics, to emerging product categories of high potential economic and societal significance.
Isolated Bacillus subtilis strain 330-2 and its antagonistic genes identified by the removing PCR
Authors: Ahmad Zahoor , Wu Jia , Chen Lulu , Dong Wubei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may trigger tolerance against biotic/abiotic stresses and growth enhancement in plants. In this study, an endophytic bacterial strain from rapeseed was isolated to assess its role in enhancing plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses, as well as banded leaf and sheath blight disease in maize. Based on 16S rDNA and BIOLOG test analysis, the 330-2 strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The strain produced indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, lytic enzymes and solubilized different sources of organic/inorganic phosphates and zinc. Furthermore, the strain strongly suppressed the in vitro growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, and Nigrospora oryzae. The strain also significantly increased the seedling growth (ranging 14–37%) of rice and maize. Removing PCR analysis indicated that 114 genes were differentially expressed, among which 10%, 32% and 10% were involved in antibiotic production (e.g., srfAA, bae, fen, mln, and dfnI), metabolism (e.g., gltA, pabA, and ggt) and transportation of nutrients (e.g., fhu, glpT, and gltT), respectively. In summary, these results clearly indicate the effectiveness and mechanisms of B. subtilis strain 330-2 in enhancing plant growth, as well as tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses, which suggests that the strain has great potential for commercialization as a vital biological control agent.
Exendin-4 Exhibits Enhanced Anti-tumor Effects in Diabetic Mice
Authors: He Lan , Law Priscilla T. Y. , Wong Chun Kwok , Chan Juliana C. N. , Chan Paul K. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of cancers. In this connection, we previously demonstrated the promoting effect of diabetes on HPV-associated carcinogenesis using a xenograft model in db/db diabetic mice. The underlying mechanism of this observation might be partly contributed by dysregulated immune response in diabetes. In this study, we hypothesized that the impaired anti-tumor immune response in diabetic status could be modulated by exendin-4, a glucagon-like protein receptor agonist which exhibits anti-diabetic effects. We inoculated 10-week old db/db mice with 2 × 107 CUP-1 cells (Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-16 E7 transfected continuous cell line) subcutaneously underneath the scruff, and treated mice with high (30 nmol/kg) or low (10 nmol/kg) dose of exendin-4 for 13 days. Compared with control groups, exendin-4 suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by increased interferon (IFN)-γ secreting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)/Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio as well as Th1 proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2. Collectively, these findings suggested an anti-tumor effect of exendin-4 in diabetic conditions, which might be resulted from direct immunomodulation.
The Beneficial Role of Mobility for the Emergence of Innovation
Authors: Armano Giuliano , Javarone Marco Alberto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInnovation is a key ingredient for the evolution of several systems, including social and biological ones. Focused investigations and lateral thinking may lead to innovation, as well as serendipity and other random discovery processes. Some individuals are talented at proposing innovation (say innovators), while others at deeply exploring proposed novelties, at getting further insights on a theory, or at developing products, services, and so on (say developers). This separation in terms of innovators and developers raises an issue of paramount importance: under which conditions a system is able to maintain innovators? According to a simple model, this work investigates the evolutionary dynamics that characterize the emergence of innovation. In particular, we consider a population of innovators and developers, in which agents form small groups whose composition is crucial for their payoff. The latter depends on the heterogeneity of the formed groups, on the amount of innovators they include, and on an award-factor that represents the policy of the system for promoting innovation. Under the hypothesis that a “mobility” effect may support the emergence of innovation, we compare the equilibria reached by our population in different cases. Results confirm the beneficial role of “mobility”, and the emergence of further interesting phenomena.
Structure and function of a broad-specificity chitin deacetylase from Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4
Authors: Liu Zhanliang , Gay Laurie M. , Tuveng Tina R. , Agger Jane W. , Westereng Bjørge , Mathiesen Geir , Horn Svein J. , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav , van Aalten Daan M. F. , Eijsink Vincent G. H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEnzymatic conversion of chitin, a β-1,4 linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is of major interest in areas varying from the biorefining of chitin-rich waste streams to understanding how medically relevant fungi remodel their chitin-containing cell walls. Although numerous chitinolytic enzymes have been studied in detail, relatively little is known about enzymes capable of deacetylating chitin. We describe the structural and functional characterization of a 237 residue deacetylase (AnCDA) from Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4. AnCDA acts on chito-oligomers, crystalline chitin, chitosan, and acetylxylan, but not on peptidoglycan. The Km and kcat of AnCDA for the first deacetylation of penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose are 72 µM and 1.4 s−1, respectively. Combining mass spectrometry and analyses of acetate release, it was shown that AnCDA catalyses mono-deacetylation of (GlcNAc)2 and full deacetylation of (GlcNAc)3–6 in a non-processive manner. Deacetylation of the reducing end sugar was much slower than deacetylation of the other sugars in chito-oligomers. These enzymatic characteristics are discussed in the light of the crystal structure of AnCDA, providing insight into how the chitin deacetylase may interact with its substrates. Interestingly, AnCDA activity on crystalline chitin was enhanced by a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase that increases substrate accessibility by oxidative cleavage of the chitin chains.
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist promotes retinal ganglion cell function via modulating GABAergic presynaptic activity in a chronic glaucomatous model
Authors: Zhou Xujiao , Cheng Yun , Zhang Rong , Li Gang , Yang Boqi , Zhang Shenghai , Wu Jihong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) agonists can prevent glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, the neuroprotective effects and the mechanism of action of PNU-282987, an α7-nAChR agonist, in a chronic in vivo rat glaucoma model are poorly understood. We found that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) downregulated retinal α7-nAChR expression. Electroretinography revealed that the amplitude of the photopic negative response (PhNR) decreased in parallel with the loss of RGCs caused by elevated IOP. PNU-282987 enhanced RGC viability and function and decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signals in RGCs. Patch-clamp recordings revealed differences in the baseline frequencies and decay times of the miniature GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) of RGCs between control and glaucomatous retinal slices. The results of western blotting and immunostaining showed that glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 and GABA deficits persisted in glaucomatous retinas and that these deficits were reversed by PNU-282987. Patch-clamp recordings also showed that PNU-282987 significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of the GABAergic mIPSCs of RGCs. The protective effects of PNU-292987 were blocked by intravitreal administration of selective GABAA receptor antagonists. The modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission by PNU-282987 causes de-excitation of ganglion cell circuits and suppresses excitotoxic processes.
5-Jahres-Follow-Up der multizentrischen Evaluationsstudie zur medizinisch-beruflichen Rehabilitation (MEmbeR)
Authors: Schmidt S. , Boltzmann M. , Brunotte M. , Sailer M. , Kiesel J. , Karbe H. , Harms J. , Busch C. , Eckhardt R. , Spranger M. , Rixecker D. , Siepmann M. , Weber R. , Hesselschwerdt H.-J. , Scheidtmann K. , Köhler M. , Müller C. , Platz T. , Specht U. , Schmelter T. , Hoff-Emden H. , Urbach D. , Lecheler J. , Rollnik J. 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die medizinisch-berufliche Rehabilitation (mbR) stellt in Deutschland ein Bindeglied zwischen medizinischer und beruflicher Rehabilitation dar und hat die berufliche Teilhabe als primäres Ziel. Die aktuelle Studie stellt die berufliche Wiedereingliederungsquote 5 Jahre nach mbR vor und untersucht, welche Faktoren bereits direkt nach der mbR eine langfristige berufliche Wiedereingliederung prognostizieren können.
Zur Evaluation der Nachhaltigkeit der mbR wurde ein Follow-Up mit ehemaligen Studienteilnehmern (n=105) der multizentrischen, prospektiven Evaluationsstudie zur medizinisch-beruflichen Rehabilitation (MEmbeR) zur aktuellen beruflichen Situation durchgeführt.
5 Jahre nach mbR konnten immer noch 76% der aktuellen Studienteilnehmer dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt zugeordnet werden. Die Return-to-work-Rate lag bei 57%. Prognostische Langzeitfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche Integration konnten nicht eindeutig ermittelt werden. Ein niedriger Grad der Behinderung, eine uneingeschränkte Gruppenfähigkeit sowie eine uneingeschränkte Urteils- und Entscheidungsfähigkeit könnten jedoch Faktoren darstellen, die sich günstig auf eine Erwerbsprognose auswirken.
Der hohe Anteil an Rehabilitanden, die 5 Jahre nach mbR dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt zur Verfügung stehen (76%), spricht für das Konzept der mbR. Zur Abklärung von Einflussfaktoren einer langfristigen beruflichen Wiedereingliederung sind jedoch weitere Studien erforderlich.
Occurrent states
Authors: Bartlett Gary 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe distinction between occurrent and non-occurrent mental states is frequently appealed to by contemporary philosophers, but it has never been explicated in any significant detail. In the literature, two accounts of the distinction are commonly presupposed (and occasionally stated explicitly). One is that occurrent states are conscious states. The other is that non-occurrent states are dispositional states, and thus that occurrent states are manifestations of dispositions. I argue that neither of these accounts is adequate, and therefore that another account is needed. I propose that occurrent states are active states.