bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term increases in tropical flowering activity across growth forms in response to rising CO2 and climate change
Authors: Pau Stephanie , Okamoto Daniel K. , Calderón Osvaldo , Wright S. Joseph 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that anthropogenic global change is altering plant species composition in tropical forests. Fewer studies, however, have focused on long‐term trends in reproductive activity, in part because of the lack of data from tropical sites. Here, we analyze a 28‐year record of tropical flower phenology in response to anthropogenic climate and atmospheric change. We show that a multidecadal increase in flower activity is most strongly associated with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations using yearly aggregated data. Compared to significant climatic factors, CO2 had on average an approximately three‐, four‐, or fivefold stronger effect than rainfall, solar radiation, and the Multivariate ENSO Index, respectively. Peaks in flower activity were associated with greater solar radiation and lower rainfall during El Niño years. The effect of atmospheric CO2 on flowering has diminished over the most recent decade for lianas and canopy trees, whereas flowering of midstory trees and shrub species continued to increase with rising CO2. Increases in flowering were accompanied by a lengthening of flowering duration for canopy and midstory trees. Understory treelets did not show increases in flowering but did show increases in duration. Given that atmospheric CO2 will likely continue to climb over the next century, a long‐term increase in flowering activity may persist in some growth forms until checked by nutrient limitation or by climate change through rising temperatures, increasing drought frequency and/or increasing cloudiness and reduced insolation.
Disentangling the long‐term effects of disturbance on soil biogeochemistry in a wet tropical forest ecosystem
Authors: Gutiérrez del Arroyo Omar , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClimate change is increasing the intensity of severe tropical storms and cyclones (also referred to as hurricanes or typhoons), with major implications for tropical forest structure and function. These changes in disturbance regime are likely to play an important role in regulating ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient dynamics in tropical and subtropical forests. Canopy opening and debris deposition resulting from severe storms have complex and interacting effects on ecosystem biogeochemistry. Disentangling these complex effects will be critical to better understand the long‐term implications of climate change on ecosystem C and nutrient dynamics. In this study, we used a well‐replicated, long‐term (10 years) canopy and debris manipulation experiment in a wet tropical forest to determine the separate and combined effects of canopy opening and debris deposition on soil C and nutrients throughout the soil profile (1 m). Debris deposition alone resulted in higher soil C and N concentrations, both at the surface (0–10 cm) and at depth (50–80 cm). Concentrations of NaOH‐organic P also increased significantly in the debris deposition only treatment (20–90 cm depth), as did NaOH‐total P (20–50 cm depth). Canopy opening, both with and without debris deposition, significantly increased NaOH‐inorganic P concentrations from 70 to 90 cm depth. Soil iron concentrations were a strong predictor of both C and P patterns throughout the soil profile. Our results demonstrate that both surface‐ and subsoils have the potential to significantly increase C and nutrient storage a decade after the sudden deposition of disturbance‐related organic debris. Our results also show that these effects may be partially offset by rapid decomposition and decreases in litterfall associated with canopy opening. The significant effects of debris deposition on soil C and nutrient concentrations at depth (>50 cm), suggest that deep soils are more dynamic than previously believed, and can serve as sinks of C and nutrients derived from disturbance‐induced pulses of organic matter inputs.
Prevalence, predictors and clinical impact of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in hospital‐discharged older patients: A prospective study
Authors: Bo Mario , Quaranta Valeria , Fonte Gianfranco , Falcone Yolanda , Carignano Giulia , Cappa Giorgetta 
Published: December 2017

AimPotentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) have been highly reported in older patients, but few studies have investigated their association with adverse clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of PIP in hospital‐discharged older adults, and to explore the association of PIP with death and rehospitalization.MethodsWe carried out a multicenter prospective cohort study on hospital‐discharged patients aged ≥65 years. Each patient underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, and the prevalence of PIP was obtained by applying Beers Criteria 2015 to discharge documents. Telephone follow up was carried out at 6 months.ResultsThe prevalence of PIP was 63%, and was associated with psychiatric–behavioral disorders (OR 1.64), the number of daily taken medications (OR 1.08) and long‐term care discharge (OR 1.91), whereas better functional performance was protective (OR 0.93). Neither the presence nor the number of PIP were associated with rehospitalization or mortality at 6 months. However, insulin sliding scale (OR 4.97) and use of drugs inappropriate in heart failure (OR 4.64) were associated with an increased risk of rehospitalization, whereas prescription of digoxin ≥0.125 mg/daily (OR 1.77) and antipsychotics (OR 1.65) were associated with a higher risk of mortality.ConclusionsAmong older hospital‐discharged patients, we documented a high prevalence of PIP that was significantly associated with polytherapy, the presence of psychiatric–behavioral disorders and discharge to long‐term care facilities. Although the presence and the number of PIP were not associated with adverse outcomes, some specific inappropriate prescriptions were associated with a higher risk of hospital readmission and death. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 561–568.
Plantar fibromatosis: Surgical approach of a giant bilateral case
Authors: Ocampo‐Garza Jorge , Azevedo Cunha Rafael , Silva Pereira Caroline , Sanderson Angela , Pinto‐Desmond Karina , Machado‐Filho Carlos D'Apparecida , Haneke Eckart , Marques de Carvalho Mario 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPlantar fibromatosis or Ledderhose disease is characterized by a benign fibroblastic proliferation of the plantar fascia. It is an illness with unknown etiology and a complex treatment in its most intense manifestation.ObjectiveThe authors describe a surgical option for extensive cases where conservative treatments are not successful. Surgical techniques may vary according to the site and extent of the lesions.MethodsSurgical treatment with wide resection of the lesion and second intention healing using a hydrocolloid dressing.ResultsAfter a 3‐year follow‐up with no recurrence, the authors demonstrated an excellent result, which led to an important improvement in the patient's quality of life.ConclusionSurgical treatment can be a good option for plantar fibromatosis. Giant lesions can be treated with wide excisions and second intention healing, with low risk of aesthetic and functional complications.
Prevalence of skin cancer in Native American kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Ilyas Muneeb , Ginsberg Zachary , Temkit M'hamed , Keddis Mira , Sharma Amit 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancer prevalence is well‐characterized for white solid organ transplant recipients. Although the prevalence of skin cancer in non‐white (Black, Asian, Hispanic) kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) has been assessed, no study has reported the prevalence of skin cancer in Native American (NA) KTRs. The aim of this study is to determine if the prevalence of skin cancer in NAKTRs is the same as in white KTRs.MethodsWe conducted a case‐controlled retrospective review from a single transplant center. One hundred thirteen NAKTRs who received a transplant between 2001 and 2011 were age‐ and transplant‐year matched with 113 white controls.ResultsThe 226 KTRs consisted of 141 (62.4%) men and 85 (37.6%) women, with a mean age of 50.2 ± 10.8 years. There was no skin cancer found in NAKTRs prior to or post transplantation, while seven (6.2%) white KTRs had eight skin cancers prior to transplantation, and 28 (24.8%) white KTRs developed 66 skin cancers post transplantation. Twenty‐two (19.5%) NAKTRs did not follow‐up with dermatology at this institution. The median follow‐up in NAKTRs was 3.3 years compared to 3.0 years in white KTRs.ConclusionNAKTRs have a decreased prevalence of skin cancer compared to their white counterparts.
Predictors of postoperative bleeding after vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Motoda Saori , Shiraki Nobuhiko , Ishihara Takuma , Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Kabata Daijiro , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Kimura Takekazu , Kozawa Junji , Imagawa Akihisa , Nishida Kohji , Shintani Ayumi , Iwahashi Hiromi , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo clarify the association between perioperative variables and postoperative bleeding in pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.Materials and MethodsThe present retrospective study enrolled 72 eyes of 64 patients who were admitted to Osaka University Hospital between April 2010 and March 2014, and underwent vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage as a result of diabetic retinopathy.ResultsPostoperative bleeding developed in 12 eyes. Using binomial logistic regression analysis, we found that the duration of operation was the only significant variable associated with postoperative bleeding within 12 weeks after vitrectomy. Furthermore, Poisson regression analysis identified fasting blood glucose just before vitrectomy, no treatment with antiplatelet drugs and treatment with antihypertensive drugs, as well as duration of operation, to be significantly associated with the frequency of bleeding within 52 weeks after vitrectomy.ConclusionsLong duration of operation can be used to predict bleeding within both 12 and 52 weeks after vitrectomy. In addition, fasting blood glucose just before vitrectomy, no treatment with antiplatelet drugs and treatment with antihypertensive drugs might be risk factors for postoperative bleeding up to 1 year after vitrectomy.
Efficacy and safety of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy immediately after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiaki , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Kojima Yuichi , Nagami Yasuaki , Ominami Masaki , Uedo Noriya , Hamada Kenta , Suzuki Haruhisa , Oda Ichiro , Miyaoka Youichi , Yamanouchi Satoshi , Tokioka Satoshi , Tomatsuri Naoya , Yoshida Norimasa , Naito Yuji , Nonaka Takashi , Kodashima Shinya , Ogata Shinichi , Hongo Yasushi , Oshima Tadayuki , Li Zhaoliang , Shibagaki Kotaro , Oikawa Tomoyuki , Tominaga Kazunari , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsIn the treatment of patients after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), there is no consensus on the optimum time to start Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy or on whether eradication therapy improves ulcer healing rate after ESD. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of immediate eradication of H. pylori on ulcer healing after ESD in patients with early gastric neoplasms.MethodsA total of 330 patients who underwent ESD for early gastric neoplasms were enrolled. Patients were assigned to either H. pylori eradication group (Group A: H. pylori eradication + proton pump inhibitor 7 weeks) or non‐eradication group (Group B: proton pump inhibitor 8 weeks). The primary end point was gastric ulcer healing rate (Group A vs Group B) determined on week 8 after ESD.ResultsPatients in Group A failed to meet non‐inferiority criteria for ulcer scarring rate after ESD compared with that in Group B (83.0% vs 86.5%, P for non‐inferiority = 0.0599, 95% confidence interval: −11.7% to 4.7%). There were, however, neither large differences between the two groups in the ulcer scarring rate nor the safety profile.ConclusionsThis study failed to demonstrate the non‐inferiority of immediate H. pylori eradication therapy after ESD to the non‐eradication therapy in the healing rate of ESD‐caused ulcers. However, because the failure is likely to attribute to small number of patients enrolled, immediate eradication therapy may be a treatment option for patients after ESD without adverse effects on eradication therapy in comparison with the standard therapy.
QTL mapping for resistance of maize to grey leaf spot
Authors: He Wenzhu , Yang Lin , Leng Yifeng , Zhang Biao , Yang Junpin , Li Lujiang , Chen Yunping , Kang Jiwei , Tang Haitao , Deng Luchang , Wu Yuanqi , Cao Moju , Rong Tingzhao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGrey leaf spot (GLS) is a global maize leaf disease that seriously endangers maize production. Discovering and utilizing genetic loci for GLS resistance would be useful for breeding new varieties with improved resistance. In this study, 233 F2:3 families (produced from the susceptible inbred line 08‐641 × the resistant inbred line 446) were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of resistance to GLS. Five GLS resistance QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, which explained 6.7%‐21.3% of the phenotypic variation. The QTLs, qRgls.CH‐4, qRgls.CH‐1, qRgls.CH‐2, and qRgls.CH‐6, were stably expressed in the four environments, and all loci for GLS resistance were derived from the resistant parent, 446. The additive effects of qRgls.CH‐4, qRgls.CH‐1, and qRgls.CH‐6 were significantly greater than their single dominant effects, which may be beneficial for GLS resistance breeding. The QTL qRgls.CH‐6, located in bins 6.02–6.05, did not overlap with any previously reported resistance QTL and thus was identified here for the first time. QTL analysis of PI (leaf performance index) detected three leaf function QTLs on chromosomes 4, 8, and 9 were related to GLS resistance and explained 4.8%‐6.2% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, qPI.CH‐4 was significantly stronger expressed in several environments; this allele associated with increased leaf function came from the resistant parent, 446, and its interval overlapped with that of qRgls.CH‐4. Furthermore, both qRgls.CH‐4 and qPI.CH‐4 were located in a hotspot area for GLS resistance in bins 4.05‐4.06, indicating that GLS resistance was significantly related to leaf performance and that GLS significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic performance.
Effects of a Danish Student‐Centered Prosocial Intervention Program Among Japanese Children
Authors: Umino Ayumi , Dammeyer Jesper 
Published: December 2017

AbstractJapan and Denmark represent two different educational cultures. Where Danish students in general report high scores on self‐esteem, Japanese children report low. A student‐centered and interaction‐based prosocial intervention program that was designed according to Danish educational culture was administered to children aged 11–12 years in Japan. Questionnaires measuring the children's quality of life (QoL) and metacognitive awareness were applied. Overall, the results showed that the student‐centered intervention improved the emotional well‐being aspect of QoL among Japanese boys. In contrast, Japanese boys’ scores on the declarative knowledge of metacognitive regulation declined. The teachers’ attitudes towards the intervention program were analyzed by use of interviews. The effect of the student‐centered intervention program is discussed with respect to the educational cultures in Japan.
Association of eating while television viewing and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ghobadi S. , Hassanzadeh‐Rostami Z. , Salehi‐Marzijarani M. , Bellissimo N. , Brett N. R. , Totosy de Zepetnek J. O. , Faghih S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine the association between eating while television viewing (TVV) and overweight or obesity in children (<18 years). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, PreQuest and Embase was conducted up to April 2017; pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Of 4,357 articles identified, 20 observational studies met inclusion criteria (n = 84,825) and 8 of these 20 (n = 41,617) reported OR. Eating while TVV was positively associated with obesity‐related anthropometric measurements in 15 studies (75%). The meta‐analysis revealed that eating while TVV was positively associated with being overweight (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.39). Subgroup analyses showed similar positive associations in both girls and boys, as well as in children who ate dinner while TVV. There was no evidence of publication bias. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis suggests that eating while TVV could be a risk factor for being overweight or obese in childhood and adolescents.
The Ralstonia solanacearum csp22 peptide, but not flagellin‐derived peptides, is perceived by plants from the Solanaceae family
Authors: Wei Yali , Caceres‐Moreno Carlos , Jimenez‐Gongora Tamara , Wang Keke , Sang Yuying , Lozano‐Duran Rosa , Macho Alberto P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryRalstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease, is considered one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens due to its lethality, unusually wide host range, persistence and broad geographical distribution. In spite of the extensive research on plant immunity over the last years, the perception of molecular patterns from R. solanacearum that activate immunity in plants is still poorly understood, which hinders the development of strategies to generate resistance against bacterial wilt disease. The perception of a conserved peptide of bacterial flagellin, flg22, is regarded as paradigm of plant perception of invading bacteria; however, no elicitor activity has been detected for R. solanacearum flg22. Recent reports have shown that other epitopes from flagellin are able to elicit immune responses in specific species from the Solanaceae family, yet our results show that these plants do not perceive any epitope from R. solanacearum flagellin. Searching for elicitor peptides from R. solanacearum, we found several protein sequences similar to the consensus of the elicitor peptide csp22, reported to elicit immunity in specific Solanaceae plants. A R. solanacearum csp22 peptide (csp22Rsol) was indeed able to trigger immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato, but not in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, csp22Rsol treatment conferred increased resistance to R. solanacearum in tomato. Transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing the tomato csp22 receptor (SlCORE) gained the ability to respond to csp22Rsol and became more resistant to R. solanacearum infection. Our results shed light on the mechanisms for perception of R. solanacearum by plants, paving the way for improving current approaches to generate resistance against R. solanacearum.
Evaluating Collaboration: The Solution to One Problem Often Causes Another
Authors: Silvia Chris 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCollaboration has become the predominant approach to solving complex public problems. This choice, however, often is not driven by demonstrated effectiveness. Collaboration is instead chosen in the hope that a networked arrangement will be more effective than individual organizations working on the issue alone. Questions regarding collaborative effectiveness persist and constitute a significant challenge facing both public management practitioners and public administration scholars. In light of the case study in this issue of Public Administration Review by Maurits Waardenburg and colleagues, this article reviews the current thinking on the measurement of collaborative performance and discusses steps that professionals can take to evaluate the effectiveness of their collaborative endeavors.
Millisecond precision temporal encoding of stimulus features during cortically generated gamma oscillations in the rat somatosensory cortex
Authors: Bessaih Thomas , Higley Michael J. , Contreras Diego 
Published: December 2017

Key points
Rodents explore their immediate environment using their whiskers. Such exploration leads to micromotions, which contain many high‐frequency (50–200 Hz) components.
High‐frequency whisker motion is represented faithfully in the temporal structure of the spike trains of trigeminal neurons. However, the representation of high‐frequency sensory inputs in cortex is not fully understood.
By combining extracellular and intracellular recordings in the rat somatosensory cortex and thalamus, we show that high‐frequency sensory inputs, either sinusoidal or white noise, elicit internally generated gamma (20–60 Hz) band oscillations in cortical networks.
Gamma oscillations modulate cortical spike probability while preserving sub‐millisecond phase relations with high‐frequency sensory inputs.
Consequently, our results indicate that millisecond precision stimulus‐locked spiking activity and sensory‐induced gamma oscillation can constitute independent multiplexed coding schemes at the single‐cell level.
AbstractIn the natural environment, tactile exploration often leads to high‐frequency vibrations at the level of the sensory organs. Single‐unit recordings of cortical neurons have pointed towards either a rate or a temporal code for representing high‐frequency tactile signals. In cortical networks, sensory processing results from the interaction between feedforward inputs relayed from the thalamus and internally generated activity. However, how the emergent activity represents high‐frequency sensory input is not fully understood. Using multisite single‐unit, local field potential and intracellular recordings in the somatosensory cortex and thalamus of lightly sedated male rats, we measured neuronal responses evoked by sinusoidal and band‐pass white noise whisker stimulation at frequencies that encompass those observed during texture exploration (50–200 Hz). We found that high‐frequency sensory inputs relayed from the thalamus elicit both sub‐millisecond stimulus‐locked responses and internally generated gamma (20–60 Hz) band oscillations in cortical networks. Gamma oscillations modulate spike probability while preserving sub‐millisecond phase relations with sensory inputs. Therefore, precise stimulus‐locked spiking activity and sensory‐induced gamma oscillations can constitute independent multiplexed coding schemes at the single‐cell level.