bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bite or brain: Implication of sensorimotor regulation and neuroplasticity in oral rehabilitation procedures
Authors: Kumar A. , Kothari M. , Grigoriadis A. , Trulsson M. , Svensson P. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryTooth loss, decreased mass and strength of the masticatory muscles leading to difficulty in chewing have been suggested as important determinants of eating and nutrition in the elderly. To compensate for the loss of teeth, in particular, a majority of the elderly rely on dental prosthesis for chewing. Chewing function is indeed an important aspect of oral health, and therefore, oral rehabilitation procedures should aim to restore or maintain adequate function. However, even if the possibilities to anatomically restore lost teeth and occlusion have never been better; conventional rehabilitation procedures may still fail to optimally restore oral functions. Perhaps this is due to the lack of focus on the importance of the brain in the rehabilitation procedures. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review was to discuss the importance of maintaining or restoring optimum chewing function in the superageing population and to summarise the emerging studies on oral motor task performance and measures of cortical neuroplasticity induced by systematic training paradigms in healthy participants. Further, brain imaging studies in patients undergoing or undergone oral rehabilitation procedures will be discussed. Overall, this information is believed to enhance the understanding and develop better rehabilitative strategies to exploit training‐induced cortical neuroplasticity in individuals affected by impaired oral motor coordination and function. Training or relearning of oral motor tasks could be important to optimise masticatory performance in dental prosthesis users and may represent a much‐needed paradigm shift in the approach to oral rehabilitation procedures.
Optimal unemployment insurance and redistribution
Authors: Boadway Robin , Cuff Katherine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe characterize optimal income taxation and unemployment insurance in a search‐matching framework where both voluntary and involuntary unemployment are endogenous and Nash bargaining determines wages. Individuals decide whether to participate as job seekers and if so, how much search effort to exert. Unemployment insurance trades off insurance versus search and participation incentives. We also allow for different productivity types so there is a redistributive role for the income tax and show that a piecewise linear wage tax internalizes the macro effects arising from endogenous wages. Type‐specific lump‐sum taxes and transfers can then redistribute between individuals of differing skills and employment states. Our analysis embeds optimal unemployment insurance into an extensive‐margin optimal redistribution framework where transfers to the involuntarily and voluntarily unemployed can differ, and nests several standard models in the literature.
Building the mobile hub: mobile literacies and the construction of a complex academic text
Authors: Barden Owen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper contributes a definition ofmobile literacy.This is worthwhile because although mobile, internet‐enabled devices are increasingly prevalent in many people's lives, mobile literacy appears to be under‐theorised and lacking definition. After giving an overview of the scale and nature of mobile device use, the paper develops the definition through building on an existing body of work which seeks to define literacies, digital literacies and mobile learning. The definition takes account of the mobility of technology, of learners, and of learning. A systematic multimodal analysis of a complex undergraduate text, in the form of a conference‐style poster, is then undertaken in order to exemplify the definition offered. The analysis attends to both the semiotic resources exploited by the text's author and the wider context the text is created within. Interview data complements that constructed through analysis of the text itself. Combining these two data sources reveals the ideational, interpersonal and textual/organisational meanings communicated by the text, and how mobility is a contextual factor which is fundamental to the literacy practices employed by the author to convey these meanings.
Alterations in the gut barrier and involvement of Toll‐like receptor 4 in murine postoperative ileus
Authors: Lin S.‐S. , Zhang R.‐Q. , Shen L. , Xu X.‐J. , Li K. , Bazhin A.‐V. , Fichna J. , Li Y.‐Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe changes in the gut barrier (GB) and associated mechanisms in postoperative ileus (POI) are still unclear. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in inflammation, which may cause GB dysfunction and POI. Here, the roles of the GB in POI in relation to TLR4‐dependent signaling pathways were explored.MethodsPOI was induced by small bowel manipulation in wild‐type (WT) and TLR4‐knockout (TLR4−/−) mice. Twenty‐four hours after manipulation, indices of gastrointestinal (GI) transit, GB structure and function, inflammation, and related signaling pathways were analyzed.Key ResultsNormal GI motility and GB function were not affected by TLR4 knockout. Compared with WT POI mice, TLR4−/−POI mice showed milder GI transit retardation, GB dysfunction, and inflammatory responses. In WT mice, GB disorder was characterized by colonic goblet cells depletion, increased gut claudin‐2 expression, and decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratios in intestinal Peyer's patches. Green fluorescent protein‐tagged Escherichia coli in the gut was detected in plasma and extraintestinal organs, followed with increased plasma lipopolysaccharide. These changes displayed in WT POI mice were less severe in TLR4−/−POI mice. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin‐6, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, pp38 and pJNK in the intestine, and TNF‐α level in plasma were significantly increased in WT, but not TLR4−/−POI mice.Conclusions & InferencesThese results indicate that GB is impaired in the experimental POI, with inflammation being involved in this pathological process. TLR4 deficiency alleviated GB dysfunction and suppressed inflammation by disrupting the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways, thereby ameliorating POI.
How to make a tumour: cell type specific dissection ofUstilago maydis‐induced tumour development in maize leaves
Authors: Matei Alexandra , Ernst Corinna , Günl Markus , Thiele Björn , Altmüller Janine , Walbot Virginia , Usadel Björn , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe biotrophic fungusUstilago maydiscauses smut disease on maize (Zea mays), which is characterized by immense plant tumours. To establish disease and reprogram organ primordia to tumours,U. maydisdeploys effector proteins in an organ‐specific manner. However, the cellular contribution to leaf tumours remains unknown.We investigated leaf tumour formation at the tissue‐ and cell type‐specific levels. Cytology and metabolite analysis were deployed to understand the cellular basis for tumourigenesis. Laser‐capture microdissection was performed to gain a cell type‐specific transcriptome ofU. maydisduring tumour formation.In vivovisualization of plantDNAsynthesis identified bundle sheath cells as the origin of hyperplasic tumour cells, while mesophyll cells become hypertrophic tumour cells. Cell type‐specific transcriptome profiling ofU. maydisrevealed tailored expression of fungal effector genes. Moreover,U. maydisSee1 was identified as the first cell type‐specific fungal effector, being required for induction of cell cycle reactivation in bundle sheath cells.Identification of distinct cellular mechanisms in two different leaf cell types and of See1 as an effector for induction of proliferation of bundle sheath cells are major steps in understandingU. maydis‐induced tumour formation. Moreover, the cell type‐specificU. maydistranscriptome data are a valuable resource to the scientific community.
Tree rings provide a new class of phenotypes for genetic associations that foster insights into adaptation of conifers to climate change
Authors: Housset Johann M. , Nadeau Simon , Isabel Nathalie , Depardieu Claire , Duchesne Isabelle , Lenz Patrick , Girardin Martin P. 
Published: January 2018

Summary

Local adaptation in tree species has been documented through a long history of common garden experiments where functional traits (height, bud phenology) are used as proxies for fitness. However, the ability to identify genes or genomic regions related to adaptation to climate requires the evaluation of traits that precisely reflect how and when climate exerts selective constraints.

We combine dendroecology with association genetics to establish a link between genotypes, phenotypes and interannual climatic fluctuations. We illustrate this approach by examining individual tree responses embedded in the annual rings of 233 Pinus strobus trees growing in a common garden experiment representing 38 populations from the majority of its range.

We found that interannual variability in growth was affected by low temperatures during spring and autumn, and by summer heat and drought. Among‐population variation in climatic sensitivity was significantly correlated with the mean annual temperature of the provenance, suggesting local adaptation. Genotype–phenotype associations using these new tree‐ring phenotypes validated nine candidate genes identified in a previous genetic–environment association study.

Combining dendroecology with association genetics allowed us to assess tree vulnerability to past climate at fine temporal scales and provides avenues for future genomic studies on functional adaptation in forest trees.
Dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide in rhizospheres of Lobelia dortmanna – a planar optode study of belowground gas exchange between plants and sediment
Authors: Lenzewski Nikola , Mueller Peter , Meier Robert Johannes , Liebsch Gregor , Jensen Kai , Koop‐Jakobsen Ketil 
Published: January 2018

Summary

Root‐mediated CO2 uptake, O2 release and their effects on O2 and CO2 dynamics in the rhizosphere of Lobelia dortmanna were investigated.

Novel planar optode technology, imaging CO2 and O2 distribution around single roots, provided insights into the spatiotemporal patterns of gas exchange between roots, sediment and microbial community.

In light, O2 release and CO2 uptake were pronounced, resulting in a distinct oxygenated zone (radius: c. 3 mm) and a CO2‐depleted zone (radius: c. 2 mm) around roots. Simultaneously, however, microbial CO2 production was stimulated within a larger zone around the roots (radius: c. 10 mm). This gave rise to a distinct pattern with a CO2 minimum at the root surface and a CO2 maximum c. 2 mm away from the root. In darkness, CO2 uptake ceased, and the CO2‐depleted zone disappeared within 2 h. By contrast, the oxygenated root zone remained even after 8 h, but diminished markedly over time.

A tight coupling between photosynthetic processes and the spatiotemporal dynamics of O2 and CO2 in the rhizosphere of Lobelia was demonstrated, and we suggest that O2‐induced stimulation of the microbial community in the sediment increases the supply of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis by building up a CO2 reservoir in the rhizosphere.
Wheezing and infantile colic are associated with neonatal antibiotic treatment
Authors: Oosterloo Berthe C. , van Elburg Ruurd M. , Rutten Nicole B. , Bunkers Carin M. , Crijns Clarissa E. , Meijssen Clemens B. , Oudshoorn Johanna H. , Rijkers Ger T. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Vlieger Arine M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundCohort studies have suggested that early‐life antibiotic treatment is associated with increased risk of atopy. We determined whether antibiotic treatment already in the first week of life increases the risk of atopic and non‐atopic disorders.MethodsThe INCA study is a prospective observational birth cohort study of 436 term infants, with follow‐up of 1 year; 151 neonates received broad‐spectrum antibiotics for suspected neonatal infection (AB+), vs a healthy untreated control group (N = 285; AB−). In the first year, parents recorded daily (non‐) allergic symptoms. At 1 year, doctors’ diagnoses were registered and a blood sample was taken (n = 205).ResultsIncidence of wheezing in the first year was higher in AB+ than AB− (41.0% vs 30.5%, P = .026; aOR 1.56 [95%CI 0.99‐2.46, P = .06]). Infantile colics were more prevalent in AB+ compared to AB− (21.9% and 14.4% P = .048), and antibiotic treatment was an independent risk factor for infantile colics (aOR 1.66 (95%CI 1.00‐2.77) P = .05). Allergic sensitization (Phadiatop >0.70kUA/L) showed a trend toward a higher risk in AB+ (aOR 3.26 (95%CI 0.95‐11.13) P = .06). Incidence of eczema, infections, and GP visits in the first year were similar in AB+ and AB−.ConclusionAntibiotic treatment in the first week of life is associated with an increased risk of wheezing and infantile colics. This study may provide a rationale for early cessation of antibiotics in neonates without proven or probable infection.
Co‐occurring woody species have diverse hydraulic strategies and mortality rates during an extreme drought
Authors: Johnson Daniel M. , Domec Jean‐Christophe , Carter Berry Z. , Schwantes Amanda M. , McCulloh Katherine A. , Woodruff David R. , Wayne Polley H. , Wortemann Remí , Swenson Jennifer J. , Scott Mackay D. , McDowell Nate G. , Jackson Robert B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFrom 2011 to 2013, Texas experienced its worst drought in recorded history. This event provided a unique natural experiment to assess species‐specific responses to extreme drought and mortality of four co‐occurring woody species: Quercus fusiformis, Diospyros texana, Prosopis glandulosa, and Juniperus ashei. We examined hypothesized mechanisms that could promote these species' diverse mortality patterns using postdrought measurements on surviving trees coupled to retrospective process modelling. The species exhibited a wide range of gas exchange responses, hydraulic strategies, and mortality rates. Multiple proposed indices of mortality mechanisms were inconsistent with the observed mortality patterns across species, including measures of the degree of iso/anisohydry, photosynthesis, carbohydrate depletion, and hydraulic safety margins. Large losses of spring and summer whole‐tree conductance (driven by belowground losses of conductance) and shallower rooting depths were associated with species that exhibited greater mortality. Based on this retrospective analysis, we suggest that species more vulnerable to drought were more likely to have succumbed to hydraulic failure belowground.
Developmental responses of bread wheat to changes in ambient temperature following deletion of a locus that includes FLOWERING LOCUS T1
Authors: Dixon Laura E. , Farré Alba , Finnegan E. Jean , Orford Simon , Griffiths Simon , Boden Scott A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a central integrator of environmental signals that regulates the timing of vegetative to reproductive transition in flowering plants. In model plants, these environmental signals have been shown to include photoperiod, vernalization, and ambient temperature pathways, and in crop species, the integration of the ambient temperature pathway remains less well understood. In hexaploid wheat, at least 5 FT‐like genes have been identified, each with a copy on the A, B, and D genomes. Here, we report the characterization of FT‐B1 through analysis of FT‐B1 null and overexpression genotypes under different ambient temperature conditions. This analysis has identified that the FT‐B1 alleles perform differently under diverse environmental conditions; most notably, the FT‐B1 null produces an increase in spikelet and tiller number when grown at lower temperature conditions. Additionally, absence of FT‐B1 facilitates more rapid germination under both light and dark conditions. These results provide an opportunity to understand the FT‐dependent pathways that underpin key responses of wheat development to changes in ambient temperature. This is particularly important for wheat, for which development and grain productivity are sensitive to changes in temperature.
Preliminary assessment of the computer‐based Taenia solium educational program ‘The Vicious Worm’ on knowledge uptake in primary school students in rural areas in eastern Zambia
Authors: Hobbs Emma C. , Mwape Kabemba Evans , Van Damme Inge , Berkvens Dirk , Zulu Gideon , Mambwe Moses , Chembensofu Mwelwa , Phiri Isaac Khozozo , Masuku Maxwell , Bottieau Emmanuel , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Speybroeck Niko , Colston Angela , Dorny Pierre , Willingham Arve Lee , Gabriël Sarah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe zoonotic helminth Taenia solium is endemic in Zambia, causing human (taeniasis and (neuro)cysticercosis) and pig (porcine cysticercosis) diseases with high health, social and economic burdens. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a health educational program intended to lead to powerful and cumulative improvements in knowledge, attitudes and practices that decrease parasite transmission and disease occurrence.MethodsHalf‐day health education workshops were conducted in three primary schools in the highly endemic Eastern Province of Zambia, using the computer‐based T. solium educational program ‘The Vicious Worm’. Questionnaires were administered before and after the educational component to determine the program's impact on knowledge uptake in primary school students.ResultsIn total, 99 students participated: 38 males and 61 females, with a median age of 14 years (range 10–18 years). Baseline general knowledge of T. solium, including awareness of the different human and pig disease states, and disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, was quite high (average score 62%) and consistent across all three study areas. Participants’ knowledge had significantly increased after the educational component, particularly regarding parasite transmission and disease prevention.ConclusionPreliminary assessment of ‘The Vicious Worm’ indicates it is an effective tool for the short‐term T. solium education of primary school students in Zambia. Follow‐up studies are planned to assess the longer term impact of the program on knowledge uptake in the study neighbourhoods. Inclusion of tailored ‘The Vicious Worm’ educational workshops should be considered in integrated cysticercosis control programs in endemic areas of sub‐Saharan Africa.
Avoiding big bubble complications: outcomes of layer-by-layer deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in children
Authors: Elbaz Uri , Kirwan Caitriona , Shen Carl , Ali Asim 
Published: January 2018

Background/aimsTo describe the visual and clinical outcomes of manual layer-by-layer deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in a paediatric population.MethodsThe charts of all children who underwent DALK surgery between January 2007 and January 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Data collected included preoperative and postoperative spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraoperative and postoperative complications including graft rejection and failure. Residual posterior lamellar thickness (RPLT) and endothelial cell density (ECD) were measured in eyes with follow-up longer than 6 months.ResultsFifty-one eyes of 42 patients were included in the study. The mean patient age at surgery was 11.2±5.2 years and the mean follow-up time was 36.5±23.7 months. The most common indications for surgery were mucopolysaccharidosis (29.4%) and keratoconus (23.5%). Nine eyes (17.6%) had intraoperative microperforation, none of which were converted to penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Only one eye (2.0%) was converted to PKP. Five eyes (9.8%) had a stromal rejection episode of which one eye failed. Another four eyes (7.8%) experienced graft failure among which three eyes (75%) had infectious keratitis. Three of the five failed grafts had a successful repeat DALK. The average RPLT was 81.9±36.5μm. ECD was significantly lower in the operated eye compared with the normal eye (3096±333 cells/mm2vs 3376±342 cells/mm2, n=11, P=0.003). The mean postoperative CDVA was 0.5±0.4 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) reflecting a gain of 0.3 logMAR (P<0.001).ConclusionManual dissection DALK is a safe procedure in children with stromal opacities. Despite successful structural rehabilitation, functional recovery is still suboptimal mostly due to amblyopia.
Population-based assessment of visual acuity outcomes following cataract surgery in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey
Authors: Keel Stuart , Xie Jing , Foreman Joshua , Taylor Hugh R , Dirani Mohamed 
Published: January 2018

AimTo assess the visual outcomes of cataract surgery among a national sample of non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians.MethodsThis was a population-based study of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians (50–98 years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (40–92 years), stratified by remoteness. A poor postoperative outcome in an eye that had undergone cataract surgery was defined as presenting distance visual acuity (PVA) <6/12–6/60, and a very poor outcome was defined as PVA <6/60. Effective cataract surgery coverage (eCSC; operated cataract and a good outcome (PVA ≥6/12) as a proportion of operable plus operated cataract) was calculated.ResultsThe sampling weight adjusted cataract surgery prevalence was 19.8% (95% CI 17.9 to 22.0) in non-Indigenous Australians and 8.2% (95% CI 6.0 to 9.6) in Indigenous Australians. Among the non-Indigenous population, poor and very poor PVA outcomes were present in 18.1% and 1.9% of eyes, respectively. For Indigenous Australians, these values were 27.8% and 6.3%, respectively. The main causes of poor vision were refractive error (non-Indigenous=41.8%; Indigenous=41.9%) and coincident disease (non-Indigenous=43.3%; Indigenous=40.3%). The eCSC rates in the non-Indigenous and Indigenous populations were 88.5% (95% CI 85.2 to 91.2) and 51.6% (95% CI 42.4 to 60.7), respectively.ConclusionApproximately half of eyes with a poor visual outcome postcataract surgery could be readily avoided through the appropriate refractive correction. The finding of a lower eCSC rate among Indigenous Australians suggests that improvements in access and quality of cataract services may be warranted in order to reduce cataract-related vision loss in the Indigenous population.
Effects of (Mo/W, N) codoping on electronic structures of NaNbO3 based on hybrid density functional calculations
Authors: Shi Haifeng , Lu Mengfei , Lan Benyue , Zhang Chengliang 
Published: January 2018

The influences of a series of (N, Mo, W) monodoping and N–Mo(W) codoping on the electronic structures of sodium niobate have been systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the hybrid B3LYP functional. The results indicated that some localized N 2p states were formed above the top of valence band (VB) after N-doping. In the case of Mo(W)-doping, the position of VB shifted up, meanwhile, the hybridization of Nb 4d and Mo 4d(W 5d) states moved the conduction band (CB) downward, leading to narrowing the band gap. As for N–Mo codoped NaNbO3, the localized Mo 4d states were formed near the bottom of CB while the localized N 2p states appeared above the top of VB. When N–W codoping, the W 5d p states mixed with Nb 4d states and then moved the top of CB downward as well as some localized N 2p states were formed above the valence band (O 2p), leading to the obvious reduction of the photon transition energy compared with that of NaNbO3.