bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Timescale Explains Marginal Stability in Excitability Dynamics
Authors: Xu Tie , Barak Omri 
Published: March 2017

Action potentials, taking place over milliseconds, are the basis of neural computation. However, the dynamics of excitability over longer, behaviorally relevant timescales remain underexplored. A recent experiment used long-term recordings from single neurons to reveal multiple timescale fluctuations in response to constant stimuli, along with more reliable responses to variable stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that this apparent paradox is resolved if neurons operate in a marginally stable dynamic regime, which we reveal using a novel inference method. Excitability in this regime is characterized by large fluctuations while retaining high sensitivity to external varying stimuli. A new model with a dynamic recovery timescale that interacts with excitability captures this dynamic regime and predicts the neurons' response with high accuracy. The model explains most experimental observations under several stimulus statistics. The compact structure of our model permits further exploration on the network level.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExcitability is the basis for all neural computations and its long-term dynamics reveal a complex combination of many timescales. We discovered that neural excitability operates under a marginally stable regime in which the system is dominated by internal fluctuation while retaining high sensitivity to externally varying stimuli. We offer a novel approach to modeling excitability dynamics by assuming that the recovery timescale is itself a dynamic variable. Our model is able to capture a wide range of experimental phenomena using few parameters with significantly higher predictive power than previous models.
Roubos, trocas e comércio ilegal como motivadores da reprodução social entre os índios do Chaco
Authors: Felippe Guilherme Galhegos 
Published: March 2017

O contato entre os grupos indígenas e os agentes coloniais na região Chaco caracterizou-se por uma relação complexa e instável, constituída por oscilações entre aproximações pacíficas e retratações hostis. A partir da análise de casos em que foram registrados, na documentação do século XVIII, roubos cometidos pelos índios e a circulação de objetos por meio do comércio ilegal com os colonos, procura-se demonstrar a forma como os índios chaquenhos articularam suas alianças e inimizades como uma maneira não só de adaptarem-se às práticas econômicas impostas pela presença colonial, como também integrarem expedientes e elementos externos à suas práticas cotidianas de reprodução social, como a reciprocidade, as festas e a guerra.
Comunidades, patrimonio y arqueólogos: relaciones entre municipios e instituciones culturales de Oaxaca en el periodo indigenista
Authors: Díaz Manuel Burón 
Published: March 2017

Partindo de processos recentes de descentralização, transferência de poderes e devolução patrimonial, assim como com o surgimento da museologia comunitária, tem-se vindo a celebrar a recente participação das comunidades indígenas latinoamericanas nos processos de constituição e preservação do patrimônio. Não obstante, a história da relação entre comunidades indígenas e instituições culturais na manipulação do patrimônio possui uma larga tradição. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar, através dos relatórios de exploração de alguns dos mais reconhecidos especialistas do indigenismo mexicano, as relações que se foram estabelecendo ao longo do século XX no estado de Oaxaca entre as instituições culturais e os municípios em prol da preservação do patrimônio.
Deixar correr a tinta, estancar o sangue: Cartas de António Lobo Antunes em Angola
Authors: Guerra Susana 
Published: March 2017

Em 1971, António Lobo Antunes é mobilizado para combater na África. Vê assim interrompido o curso dos dias em Lisboa: privado da companhia da mulher, privado também do contato com familiares e amigos, deixa em suspenso uma vida para dar início a outra –mas isso não é vida. A fragilidade causada pela guerra e a banalização da morte dão-lhe a conhecer um outro grau na manifestação da exceção. É desse lugar que começa a escrever cartas para Maria José, a sua mulher, numa escrita ansiosa que regressa repetidamente a questões ligadas a um cotidiano que pretende recuperar. Ao adentrar-nos na leitura destes breves momentos –tecido de relações cotidianas que constrói com a ida e volta das cartas– pretendemos com o presente trabalho, pensar a forma singular de resistência que oferecem estas cartas escritas em tempos de exceção: uma resistência que tem que ver com o particular, sendo, acima de tudo, palavras de pessoas comuns, situadas por fora do protagonismo militar ou político, que guardam a memória de acontecimentos traumáticos. Pretendemos igualmente contribuir para a abertura aos problemas historiográficos derivados da persistência de uma versão única e cristalizada da história, que insiste em passar a página de um tema que não se encontra encerrado, de uma justiça que tarda, considerando as vozes abaixo da superfície –por uma sociedade contra as políticas de desmemoria, pela recuperação da memória dos tempos da ditadura.
O cineasta Glauber Rocha e a América Latina
Authors: Vasconcellos Gilberto Felisberto 
Published: March 2017

Este artigo aborda o cinema de Glauber Rocha a partir da noção de Terceiro Mundo, que implica a discussão sobre o nacionalismo e o anti-imperialismo. Ele foi o cineasta brasileiro que se diasporizou pela América latina e entrou em contato com vários intelectuais de expressão. O Cinema Novo não deixou de denunciar, sobretudo na ensaística glauberiana, a balcanização em que se encontram os países latino-americanos, os quais são vítimas ideológicas do imperialismo audiovisual dominante e suas ramificações no gênero telenovela. A polaridade metrópole-colônia atravessa a filmografia de Glauber Rocha. A colonização econômica é o que determina a alienação cultural na América Latina. O cineasta viveu a contrarrevolução de 1964, da qual sobreveio o subimperialismo na América Latina, tendo o Brasil papel essencial na deflagração dessa política que não deixa de revigorar a mentalidade colonial que perpetua o desenvolvimento do subdesenvolvimento.
Um vazio em disputa, uma nação inconclusa
Authors: Murari Luciana 
Published: March 2017

Resenha de: GONZÁLEZ GÓMEZ, Lina Marcela. Un edén para Colombia al otro lado de la civilización. Los llanos de San Martín o Territorio del Meta, 1870-1930. Medellín: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2015. 515 p.
Challenges of undertaking a clinical trial using bubble-PEP in an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A feasibility study
Authors: Eastwood Brigitte , Jepsen Nicola , Coulter Katie , Wong Conroy , Zeng Irene 
Published: March 2017

The aims of this study were to compare the effect of bubble-positive expiratory pressure with a commercial positive expiratory pressure device and standardised physiotherapy in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and to assess the feasibility of inpatient research methods. Patients admitted to a medical ward at Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly assigned to a treatment group. Participants undertook one supervised treatment, then independently completed two further sessions. Participants’ symptoms and ease of sputum expectoration were measured using the Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale. Health-related quality of life and length of hospital stay were also recorded. Only eleven participants were recruited, over ten months. The study was, therefore, underpowered to show differences in end points. Useful findings were uncovered relating to the feasibility of the protocol. Limitations to the recruitment process were identified, including staffing issues and the assessment schedule. Findings from this study will enable revision of the study protocol to allow a modified trial to be performed in the future.
EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS IN THE POPULATION OF TWO GEOGRAPHICALLY DIFFERENT REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Senyuta N. B. , Ignatova A. V. , Lomaya M. V. , Goncharova E. V. , Scherback L. N. , Dushenkina T. E. , Gugunov D. V. , Mudunov A. M. , Gurtsevitch V. E. 
Published: March 2017

It is well known that the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) being widely spread in the human population is also the etiologic agent for a number of malignancies. A notable feature of tumors associated with EBV is their different incidence in various geographical regions, that, as suggested, related with mutational events in multiple loci of the EBV genome and its oncogene, the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), associated with the transforming potential of the virus. Given the multi-ethnic composition of Russian population and the diversity of geographical areas and conditions of their residence, it was relevant to examine the representatives of different geographical regions for the nature of their relationship with EBV. To solve this task the antibody response to locally circulating EBV strains, determined by indirect immunofluorescence, was studied in residents of the Central, North Caucasus and Far Eastern Federal Districts, represented by healthy individuals and patients with various head and neck tumors. The levels of antibody titers obtained were compared with the incidence rates of nasopharyngeal tumors (NPT) in population of above Districts. In order to determine possible structural modifications in LMP1 gene of EBV strains persisting in selected geographic regions, samples of the gene have been amplified from a biological material collected by “nested” PCR and sequenced. The results obtained have shown that levels of antibody response to EBV among representatives of the regions included in the study vary significantly. It was found that in residents of the Dagestan and the Chechen Republics, the inhabitants of the North Caucasus Federal District, the correlation between enhanced humoral response to EBV and increased incidence of NPT was detected. Since among NPT the EBV-associated form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCEBV) is dominated, the findings allow us to suggest that the population of these Republics have genetic predisposition to increased EBV replication and, consequently, an elevated incidence of NPCEBV. The study also showed that representatives of the regions tested are infected with EBV strains, LMP1 variants of which such as B95.8, China 1, Med+, Med– and NC, are known in the literature. However, LMP1 variant, specifically associated with NPCEBV, has not been identified. This study showed for the first time the genetic heterogeneity of EBV strains circulating among population of different geographical regions of the country, and the existence of correlation between antibody response to EBV and the incidence of nasopharyngeal tumors, including NPCEBV.
PERSPECTIVE OF IN VITRO LYMPHOCYTES ANTIGENICITY EVALUATION FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS OF ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS
Authors: Kostyuchenko M. V. , Ponomarenko D. G. , Rakitina E. L. , Logvinenko O. V. , Sannikova I. V. , Dejneka D. A. , Golub O. G. 
Published: March 2017

The brucellosis remains to one of the most urgent dangerous infections in regions with developed livestock production. An exclusive polymorphism of symptoms, variety of forms of a disease, small informational content of results of routine laboratory all-clinical inspection, quite often leads to diagnostic mistakes at a pre-hospital stage. Improvement of a complex of laboratory diagnosis of a brucellous infection demands development of the modern padding methods of verification based on cell-like factors of immunity as leaders in an immunogenesis and a pathogenesis of a brucellosis. Considering the leading role of cell-like immunity in formation of protection against the majority of bacteriemic especially dangerous infections, studying of cell-like reaction in response to antigenic stimulation, it is necessary to consider the most informative (marker) and objective at assessment of immunologic reorganization of an organism at a disease or vaccination. The following markers (receptors) of activation of lymphocytes can act as perspective indexes of a specific cell-like antigenreactivity: CD25 — a high-affine receptor of interleukin 2 (IL-2Ra), a marker of early activation of Tlymphocytes; HLA-DR — an antigen of the main complex of a histocompatibility of a class II, an expression of a marker is associated not only with late, but also long-lived activation of lymphocytes; CD95 (Fas, APO-1) — a receptor of an induction of an apoptosis (“cell death”), a marker of “late” activation (CD4+ lymphocytes is presented mainly) and Fas L (CD178) — a receptor of an induction of an apoptosis, expresses generally on CD8+ cages. The work purpose — to estimate an opportunity and prospects of use of technology of a flowing cytofluorometry and the in vitro cell tests for diagnosis of a acute brucellosis. 35 people with the diagnosis “Acute brucellosis” and 12 people — not the patients who did not have a brucellosis, are not vaccinated against a brucellosis (control group) participated in a research. Blue blood served as material of a research. Defined quantity of the lymphocytes expressing receptors of CD25, HLA-DR, CD95, CD95L (CD178) at activation by a specific antigen. The received results processed statistically with use of Microsoft Excel 2010. During the research it is established that intensity an antigen-stimulated activation of lymphocytes of in vitro, it is possible to use as a marker of a acute brucellous infection at the person. The most perspective indexes of activation of lymphocytes of in vitro, it is possible to consider receptors to IL-2 (CD25) and apoptosis markers — CD95, CD95L (CD178). Thus, the conducted researches indicate an opportunity and the actual prospect of use of technology of a flowing cytofluorometry and cell-like in vitro tests for diagnostics of a acute brucellosis.
Comparative study of scoring systems in ICU and emergency department in predicting mortality of critically ill
Authors: T. V. D. Sasi Sekhar , C. Anjani Kumar , Ch. Bhavya , B. Sameera , Ch. Rama Devi 
Published: March 2017

Background: Scoring systems can be used to define critically ill patients, estimate their prognosis, help in clinical decision making, and guide the allocation of resources and to estimate the quality of care. It remains unclear whether the additional data needed to compute ICU scores improves mortality prediction for critically ill patients compared to the simpler ED scores.Methods: We have done a prospective observational study of consecutively admitted 400 critically ill patients to ICU directly from Emergency Department in Dr PSIMS and RF over a period of 2 years. Clinical and laboratory data conforming to the modified early warning score (MEWS), rapid emergency medicine score (REMS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II), and simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) were recorded for all patients. A comparison was made between ED scoring systems MEWS, REMS and ICU scoring systems APACHE II, SAPSII. The outcome was recorded in two categories: survived and non-survived with a primary end point of 30-day mortality. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: The ICU scores outperformed the ED scores with more area under curve values. The predicted mortality percentage of ICU based scoring systems is high compared to emergency scores (predicted mortality % of SAPS II-63%, APACHE II-33.3%, MEWS-18.5%, REMS-14.8%).Conclusions: ICU scores showed more predictive accuracy than ED scores in prognosticating the outcomes in critically ill patients. This difference is seemed more due to complexity of ICU scores.
Food taboos among pregnant and lactating mothers in Tumkur: a qualitative study
Authors: T. M. Shwetha , R. Swetha , Iyengar Krishna , S. Usha Rani 
Published: March 2017

Background: Maternal nutrition has a huge impact on the health of the mother and the fetus. Pregnancy imposes the need for considerable extra calorie and nutrient requirements. A food taboo is a prohibition against consuming certain foods. The restrictions imposed on people forces them to abstain from certain food and drinking items as these things are embedded into the cultural and religious threads. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted between July 2014 and September 2014. Study was conducted in urban and rural field practice area of Sri Siddhartha medical college, Tumkur, Karnataka. Study involved three groups Mother –in- laws Anganwadi workers, Pregnant and lactating women. Six Focus group discussions were conducted and four themes were used. Quantitative data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: All most all women under the study followed some form of restrictive diet. Many nutritive and locally available foods were avoided which includes fruits, vegetables, pulses and green leafy vegetables. Special foods rich in energy were consumed during post-partum period. Concept of hot and cold food is prevailing high and there was no scientific reasoning given for the taboo. Anganwadi workers who are front line health workers were believed in the many of the food taboos. Conclusions: Food taboos in this community are deep rooted. Avoidance of nutritive food was common in both the religion. Many misconceptions are prevalent which do not have scientific basis. Maternal nutrition needs to be prioritized at community level among family members and front line workers. Anganwadi workers need to be sensitized regarding different beliefs about food consumption during pregnancy and lactation.
A study on patient satisfaction in out patient department of secondary care hospital of Bhopal
Authors: Joshi Sheloj , Joshi Mahesh Kumar 
Published: March 2017

Background: Patient satisfaction is as important as other clinical health measures and is a primary means of measuring the effectiveness of health care delivery. Patient-centered outcomes have taken central stage as the primary means of measuring the effectiveness of health care delivery. To evaluate the level of patient satisfaction with OPD services in terms of describing the experience of patients about medicine OPD services and accessibility to services among the patients who attended the medicine OPD of Jaiprakash hospital.Methods: As a cross -sectional descriptive study, we have taken patients who were registered in Medicine outpatient department of Jaiprakash Hospital of Bhopal over a period of two months. The research instrument for a data collection was a structured questionnaire for assessing the patient satisfaction. The experience and accessibility were categorized into good and poor while satisfaction into high and low using best criteria. Statistical analysis: Convenience sampling done for selection of patients registered in Medicine OPD. The data was analysed on statistical software SPSS VS.20.Results: The patients had the highest level of experience from medicine department OPD about helpfulness of nurses, about light and ventilation inside the OPD and about the good communication from the pharmacist. The poor experience was from the number of doctors in OPD and about the diagnostic place. As far as accessibility is concerned, 66% of patients had good accessibility towards medicine OPD while remaining 34% had poor accessibility towards Medicine OPD.Conclusions: Maximum number of respondents had very good experience while just small number of respondents had poor experience and majority of the patients had good accessibility regarding waiting time, service process and working hours.
Epidemiology of domestic violence among married women: a community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Vachhani Pushti V. , Bhimani Nishant R. , Purani Shyamal K. , Kartha Girija P. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Domestic violence is a global issue, reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distributions. Domestic violence is among the most underreported crimes worldwide for both men and women. Globally, the victims of domestic violence are overwhelmingly women, and women tend to experience more severe forms of violence.Methods: It was a Community based Cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in the rural and urban area of Surendranagar district. Total 600 married women of 15-49 years of age were selected randomly. The information gathered was based on self-administered questionnaire. Strict confidentiality was maintained.Results: Out of total 600 women, 38.5% were victims of domestic violence in one form or the other. Out of these 231 victims, 134 respondents were from rural area and 97 respondents were from urban area. The study results revealed that age at marriage, literacy status of women and their husband, their occupational status, type of family and socio-economic class has significant impact on prevalence of domestic violence.Conclusions: Domestic violence is more prevalent among uneducated, backward and economically disadvantaged women.
Applying Risk-Based Process Safety to the Upstream Oil & Gas Industry
Authors: Johnstone J. E. , Spangler M. D. , Hansen M. D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The SPE has recently formed a process safety work group to help engineering, drilling and operations personnel to apply process safety to the upstream oil and gas business. One of the goals of this work group is to help apply process safety principles, commonly used in other industries to the upstream E&P industry. Many of the hazards found in the upstream E&P industry can be mitigated through the use of process safety techniques. The objective of this paper is to inform the reader how the principles of risk- based process safety management can be applied to the upstream oil and gas industry to reduce risk, injuries and environmental incidents.
Many "case histories" were reviewed when developing the methods and procedures for applying process safety to the upstream business. Process and safety principles were examined from many other industries for applicability to the upstream oil and gas industry. This paper covers the principles forming the foundation for process safety and the different elements of process safety and shows how they can be best applied to upstream operations. A risk-based approach is used showing how to select and prioritize the most critical aspects of process safety. Use of risk-based process safety techniques can be applied to all facets of the upstream industry from discovery to abandonment.
The results presented in this paper will provide an innovative resource so that companies and personnel can apply process safety to upstream oil and gas operations using a risk-based approach. Elements, of process safety, can be prioritized by using the techniques and information provided.