bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Updating of Baby M: A Confused Jurisprudence Becomes More Confusing
Authors: Strasser Mark 
Published: March 2017

States differ in a number of respects with regard to the conditions under which surrogacy contracts are enforceable. Some states distinguish between gestational and traditional (genetic) surrogacy contracts, treating the former but not the latter as enforceable, whereas others make no such distinction. Some states distinguish between commercial and non-commercial surrogacy, whereas others make no such distinction. In short, there is a patchwork of laws regarding the conditions under which surrogacy contracts are enforceable. This patchwork notwithstanding, the current trend is to enforce gestational but not traditional surrogacy agreements. While commentators may debate whether that is the best policy, such a policy choice offers some clarity and predictability to both would-be commissioning couples and would-be surrogates. Nonetheless, recent decisions have modified the jurisprudence in surprising ways, sometimes creating the potential for harm to families and children. This article first discusses two seminal cases—one addressing the enforceability of a traditional (genetic) surrogacy agreement and the other addressing the enforceability of a gestational surrogacy agreement. The article then discusses some of the ways in which the approaches to gestational and genetic surrogacy have blurred, creating the potential for harm to families and children. The article concludes that unless courts deciding surrogacy disputes take better account of some of the foreseeable results of their decisions, these courts may unwittingly bring about results that almost no one would prospectively endorse.
Diários de aula como deflagrador de uma pesquisa com experimentações audiovisuai
Authors: Satler Lara Lima 
Published: March 2017

Este artigo analisa diários de aula como uma estratégia de descoberta de uma pesquisa situada no campo da educação da cultura visual. Nesse sentido, os diários de aula despertam em mim, professora-pesquisadora, a sistematização das ideias para a construção de um percurso teórico-metodológico. Como a análise de diários de aula discentes e docentes estimulam a construção estratégias teórico-metodológicos em educação da cultura visual? Por meio da análise de diários de aula discentes e docente, o texto objetiva discutir sobre a potência dessa ferramenta. Como resultados, pretendo contribuir com pesquisas que utilizam diários de aula no campo da educação a cultura visual. Enviado em: 29 de outubro de 2016.Aprovado em: 19 de novembro de 2016.
New method for measuring compressibility and poroelasticity coefficients in porous and permeable rocks
Authors: Pimienta Lucas , Fortin Jérôme , Guéguen Yves 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOver the last decades, a large understanding has been gained on the elastic properties of rocks. Rocks are, however, porous materials, which properties depend on both response of the bulk material and of the pores. Because in that case both the applied external pressure and the fluid pressure play a role, different poroelasticity coefficients exist. While theoretical relations exist, measuring precisely those different coefficients remains an experimental challenge. Accounting for the different experimental complexities, a new methodology is designed that allows attaining accurately a large set of compressibility and poroelasticity coefficients in porous and permeable rocks. This new method relies on the use of forced confining or pore fluid pressure oscillations. In total, seven independent coefficients have been measured using three different boundary conditions. Because the usual theories predict only four independent coefficients, this overdetermined set of data can be checked against existing thermodynamic relations. Measurements have been performed on a Bentheim sandstone under, water‐ and glycerine‐saturated conditions for different values of confining and pore fluid pressure. Consistently with the poroelasticity theory, the effect of the fluid bulk modulus is observed under undrained conditions but not under drained ones. Using thermodynamic relations, (i) the unjacketed, quartz, and skeleton (Zimmerman's relation) bulk moduli fit, (ii) the drained and undrained properties fit, and (iii) it is directly inferred from the measurements that the pore skeleton compressibility Cϕ is expected to be constant with pressure and to be exceedingly near the bulk skeleton Cs and mineral Cm compressibility coefficients.
Turbulent entrainment in a strongly stratified barrier layer
Authors: Pham H. T. , Sarkar S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulation (LES) is used to investigate how turbulence in the wind‐driven ocean mixed layer erodes the stratification of barrier layers. The model consists of a stratified Ekman layer that is driven by a surface wind. Simulations at a wide range of
are performed to quantify the effect of turbulence and stratification on the entrainment rate. Here, N0 is the buoyancy frequency in the barrier layer and f is the Coriolis parameter. The evolution of the mixed layer follows two stages: a rapid initial deepening and a late‐time growth at a considerably slower rate. During the first stage, the mixed layer thickens to the depth that is proportional to
where
is the frictional velocity. During the second stage, the turbulence in the mixed layer continues to deepen further into the barrier layer, and the turbulent length scale is shown to scale with
, independent of f. The late‐time entrainment rate E follows the law of
where
is the Richardson number. The exponent of −1/2 is identical but the coefficient of 0.035 is much smaller relative to the value of 2−3/2 for the nonrotating boundary layer. Simulations using the KPP model (version applicable to this simple case without additional effects of Langmuir turbulence or surface buoyancy flux) also yield the entrainment scaling of
; however, the proportionality coefficient varies with the stratification. The structure of the Ekman current is examined to illustrate the strong effect of stratification in the limit of large
.
A machine learning nowcasting method based on real‐time reanalysis data
Authors: Han Lei , Sun Juanzhen , Zhang Wei , Xiu Yuanyuan , Feng Hailei , Lin Yinjing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite marked progress over the past several decades, convective storm nowcasting remains a challenge because most nowcasting systems are based on linear extrapolation of radar reflectivity without much consideration for other meteorological fields. The variational Doppler radar analysis system (VDRAS) is an advanced convective‐scale analysis system capable of providing analysis of 3‐D wind, temperature, and humidity by assimilating Doppler radar observations. Although potentially useful, it is still an open question as to how to use these fields to improve nowcasting. In this study, we present results from our first attempt at developing a support vector machine (SVM) box‐based nowcasting (SBOW) method under the machine learning framework using VDRAS analysis data. The key design points of SBOW are as follows: (1) The study domain is divided into many position‐fixed small boxes, and the nowcasting problem is transformed into one question, i.e., will a radar echo > 35 dBZappear in a box in 30 min? (2) Box‐based temporal and spatial features, which include time trends and surrounding environmental information, are constructed. (3) And the box‐based constructed features are used to first train the SVM classifier, and then the trained classifier is used to make predictions. Compared with complicated and expensive expert systems, the above design of SBOW allows the system to be small, compact, straightforward, and easy to maintain and expand at low cost. The experimental results show that although no complicated tracking algorithm is used, SBOW can predict the storm movement trend and storm growth with reasonable skill.
Validation of a GPU‐Based 3D dose calculator for modulated beams
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Hunt Dylan , Kapatoes Jeff , Hayward Robert , Zhang Geoffrey , Moros Eduardo G. , Feygelman Vladimir 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA superposition/convolution GPU‐accelerated dose computation algorithm (the Calculator) has been recently incorporated into commercial software. The algorithm requires validation prior to clinical use. Three photon energies were examined: conventional 6 MV and 15 MV, and 10 MV flattening filter free (10 MVFFF). For a set of IMRT and VMAT plans based on four of the five AAPM Practice Guideline 5a downloadable datasets, ion chamber (IC) measurements were performed on the water‐equivalent phantoms. The average difference between the Calculator and IC was −0.3 ± 0.8% (1SD). The same plans were projected on a phantom containing a biplanar diode array. We used the forthcoming criteria for routine gamma analysis, 3% dose–error (global (G) normalization, 2 mm distance to agreement, and 10% low dose cutoff). The γ (3%G/2 mm) average passing rate was 98.9 ± 2.1%. Measurement‐guided three‐dimensional dose reconstruction on the patient CT dataset (excluding the Lung) resulted in a similar average agreement rate with the Calculator: 98.2 ± 2.0%. The mean γ (3%G/2 mm) passing rate comparing the Calculator to the TPS (again excluding the Lung) was 99.0 ± 1.0%. Because of the significant inhomogeneity, the Lung case was investigated separately. The calculator has an alternate heterogeneity correction mode that can change the results in the thorax for higher‐energy beams (15 MV). As this correction is nonphysical and was optimized for simple slab geometries, its application leads to mixed results when compared to the TPS and independent Monte Carlo calculations, depending on the CT dataset and the plan. The Calculator vs. TPS 15 MV Guideline 5a IMRT and VMAT plans demonstrate 96.3% and 93.4% γ (3%G/2 mm) passing rates respectively. For the lower energies, which should be predominantly used in the thoracic region, the passing rates for the same plans and criteria range from 98.6 to 100%. Overall, the Calculator accuracy is sufficient for the intended use.
A call for action: Why anthropologists can (and should) join the discussion on climate change through education
Authors: Butaric Lauren N. , Light Lydia E. O. , Juengst Sara L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnthropologists, human biologists, and researchers in related fields have been investigating the human‐environment interaction and its effects on health for decades. While there have been numerous studies from the medical‐ and health‐sectors pointing to the connection between climate change and health needs, as well as studies advocating for the incorporation of appropriate curricula addressing these needs in medical schools and health‐professional programs, this connection is not being systematically taught to our future healthcare professionals. Here, we first briefly summarize research highlighting the interaction between environment and health; we follow this with discussion about why this interaction is important for current and future medical professionals to understand, particularly in light of the current issues of climate change. We specifically address how anthropologists and human biologists have contributed to the literature on marginal environments and climate change, and how anthropological research may be incorporated in health‐oriented and medical classrooms to aid in this discussion. Through interdisciplinary collaboration between anthropologists, human biologists, medical‐health professionals, and researchers in other fields, we can learn from our past and play a part in piecing together our future health care issues and needs.
Stabilization and Structure of thecis Tautomer of a Free‐Base Porphyrin
Authors: Thomas Kolle E. , McCormick Laura J. , Vazquez‐Lima Hugo , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSingle‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the β‐heptakis(trifluoromethyl)‐meso‐tetrakis(p‐fluorophenyl)porphyrin, H2[(CF3)7TpFPP], has revealed the first example of a stablecistautomer of a free‐base porphyrin, the long‐postulated intermediate of porphyrin tautomerism. The stability of the unique molecule appears to reflect a dual origin: a strongly saddled porphyrin skeleton, which alleviates electrostatic repulsion between the two NH protons, and two polarization‐enhanced, transannular N−H⋅⋅⋅O−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond chains, each involving a molecule of water. DFT calculations suggest that the observed tautomer has a lower energy than the alternative, doubly hydratedtranstautomer by some 8.3 kcal mol−1. A fascinating prospect thus exists that H2[(CF3)7TpFPP]⋅2 H2O and cognate structures may act as supramolecular synthons, which, given their chirality, may even be amenable to resolution into optically pure enantiomers.
Influences of diallyl phthalate as chain extender on the properties of high molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride) resin
Authors: Wu Jianning , Sui Baoxun , Li Lei , Meng Guihua , Guo Xuhong , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA higher porosity with better thermostability is desirable for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resin. In this study, high molecular weight PVC resins are prepared by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)‐diallyl phthalate (DAP) suspension copolymerization in a 20‐L reactor at 50 °C using DAP as chain extender. SEM, BET, and analyses of plasticizer absorption results show the high molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride) (HPVC) by DAP‐VCM copolymerization is loose and porous. With increasing DAP content when the mass ratio of DAP/VCM (ω) is below the gel point, the porosity and the degree of polymerization increase. Nevertheless, the bulk density and particle size decrease. When more than the gel point, these relationships are reversed. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the HPVC had better thermostability than that of commercial PVC, and its thermostability increases with increasing ω before it reaches the gel point. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45093.
Discovery and informing research participants of incidental findings detected in brain magnetic resonance imaging studies: Review and multi‐institutional study
Authors: Takashima Kyoko , Takimoto Yoshiyuki , Nakazawa Eisuke , Hayashi Yoshinori , Tsuchiya Atsushi , Fujita Misao , Akabayashi Akira 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundBrain imaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sometimes reveal incidental findings (IFs) that might be relevant to some of the health issues in research participants. Although professional communities have discussed how to manage these IFs, there is no global consensus on the concrete handling procedures including how to inform participants of IFs.MethodsFirst, this study reviewed previous studies for the number of IFs discovered in brain imaging studies using MEDLINE. Second, a multi‐institutional study determined the number of IF discoveries and evaluated the method of informing participants at multiple institutions, which participated in a national brain science project in Japan.ResultsBoth the review and multi‐institutional study showed that IFs with a high urgency level were discovered in 0–2.0% of participants, including healthy volunteers, and that the rate of IF discovery in general was higher in studies conducted in elderly population. Moreover, multi‐institutional study suggested the criteria used to judge whether or not to inform participants of IFs may differ by institution.ConclusionsOur results suggest that in order to ensure informing the participants of high urgency IFs, physicians who are capable of interpreting brain images clinically should review all brain images, and the establishment of a support system is required for brain imaging studies at nonmedical institutions. Since the method of informing participants of IFs might affect their understanding and acceptance of IFs, which are related to managing risks of false “clean bill of health” or psychological impacts of informing IFs, further research focusing on communication of IFs is needed.
Interviews of Children in a Portuguese Special Judicial Procedure
Authors: Peixoto Carlos Eduardo , Fernandes Raquel Veludo , Almeida Telma Sousa , Silva Júlia Marina , La Rooy David , Ribeiro Catarina , Magalhães Teresa , Lamb Michael E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSince 2007, alleged victims of child sexual abuse in Portugal have provided evidence in a mandatory “Declarações para Memória Futura” (DMF; English transl. ‘Statement for future use’) proceeding. In order to protect children from having to testify in court, interviews conducted at the DMF can be used later as trial evidence because the hearings are conducted by judges. The present study examined 137 interviews with 3‐ to 17‐year‐olds conducted in several Portuguese criminal courts. Detailed examination of interview transcripts showed that 69% of all questions asked were option‐posing questions, 16% were directive questions, 11% were suggestive questions, and only 3% were open‐ended prompts. The vast majority of details provided by children were thus obtained using the risky recognition‐based prompts (i.e., option posing and suggestive questions) associated with the risks of contaminating and limiting children's informativeness, both potential threats to the credibility of their testimony. There is an urgent need to address this issue and consider the implementation of a scientifically validated structured interview protocol in Portugal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retroperitoneal perforation arising from duodenal diverticulum treated by endoscopic drainage: a case report
Authors: Shirobe Takashi , Kawakami Hideyuki , Abe Sadanori , Yokochi Tomoki 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageRetroperitoneal perforation of duodenal diverticula around the papilla of Vater is relatively rare. In this report, we describe retroperitoneal abscess, which was successfully treated by endoscopic drainage. Thus, endoscopic approach for retroperitoneal perforation caused by diverticulum is one of the treatment options in addition to surgery.
First‐Principles Investigation of the Relevant Surfaces Exposed by Polycrystalline LaFeO3
Authors: Blanck Dimitri , Berrier Elise , Paul Jean‐François 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA systematic comparison of surface energy values computed over a series of possible surfaces and terminations exposed by lanthanum orthoferrite (LaFeO3) was performed for elucidating the nature of the exposed surfaces of LaFeO3‐based three way catalysts. Surface reconstruction of polar surfaces was attempted, which did change the ranking of the most stable surfaces. Indeed, the non‐polar (1 2 1) and (1 0 0) surfaces were found to remain the most stable ones in vacuum. The relative stability of surfaces was also questioned when a partial pressure of water was applied, as is expected under the operating conditions of three‐way catalysis. Our results show that the predominance of (1 2 1) and (1 0 0) surfaces is even strengthened upon water exposure.
Copper‐Decorated Microsized Nanoporous Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Water
Authors: Zhang Tao , Low Jingxiang , Huang Xiaoxi , Al‐Sharab Jafar F. , Yu Jiaguo , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA series of metallic copper (Cu)‐decorated microsized, nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials with different loadings of Cu were synthesized by in situ hydrolysis of Sn2+‐grafted titanium glycolate microspheres in the presence of Cu2+ ions. The resulting materials showed good photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction with water. In particular, the material prepared with an optimal loading of Cu (≈0.4 wt %) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuel (CH4), with an efficiency that was 21‐fold higher than that of the most commonly studied and utilized commercial photocatalyst, Degussa P25 TiO2, under similar reaction conditions.
Electronic Structure Studies on the Whole Keplerate Family: Predicting New Members
Authors: Melgar Dolores , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Bo Carles 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA comprehensive study of the electronic structure of nanoscale molecular oxide capsules of the type [{MVI(MVI)5O21}12{M′V2O2(μ‐X)(μ‐Y)(Ln−)}30](12+n)− is presented, where M,M′=Mo,W, and the bridging ligands X,Y=O,S, carried out by means of density functional theory. Discussion of the electronic structure of these derivatives is focused on the thermodynamic stability of each of the structures, the one having the highest HOMO‐LUMO gap being M=W, M′=Mo, X=Y=S. For the most well‐known structure M=M′=Mo, X=Y=O, [Mo132O372]12−, the chemical bonding of several ligands to the {MoV2O2(μ‐O)2} linker moiety produces negligible effects on its stability, which is evidence of a strong ionic component in these bonds. The existence of a hitherto unknown species, namely W132 with both bridging alternatives, is discussed and put into context.
Ratiometric Hg2+/Ag+ Probes with Orange Red‐White‐Blue Fluorescence Response Constructed by Integrating Vibration‐Induced Emission with an Aggregation‐Induced Emission Motif
Authors: Li Yiru , Liu Yang , Zhou Haitao , Chen Wei , Mei Ju , Su Jianhua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo novel ratiometric fluorometric probes 6 a and 6 b have been designed and synthesized for the detection of Hg2+ and Ag+, respectively. Each of these probes is comprised of a 9,14‐diphenyl‐9,14‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC) skeleton, a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) unit, and two thymine/adenine groups. In this proof‐of‐concept work, the DPAC unit featuring vibration‐induced emission (VIE) characteristics serves as a dual‐emission chromogen, whereas the TPE moiety, which is noted for its aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties, functions mainly as a signal amplifier. The coordination between the thymine/adenine groups and Hg2+/Ag+ leads to the formation of aggregates, which restricts the intramolecular vibrations of DPAC and the intramolecular rotations of TPE, activating the AIE effect of TPE and resulting in the bent form of DPAC. Accordingly, the overall fluorescence changed from moderate orange‐red (Iorange‐red) to intense blue light (Iblue) passing through the white‐light region, concurrently with an enhancement of fluorescence at 475 nm and a dramatic increase in the ratio of Iblue/Iorange‐red. Furthermore, the superb sensitivity of 6 a/6 b towards Hg2+/Ag+ has been demonstrated by the detection limit, which is as low as 6.1 nm and 0.1 μm, respectively. Both of these values are below the maximum concentration in drinking water permitted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, demonstrating their great potential to be applied for real‐world metal‐ion sensing.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Enzyme‐Catalysed Reactions using Deep UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Westley Chloe , Fisk Heidi , Xu Yun , Hollywood Katherine A. , Carnell Andrew J. , Micklefield Jason , Turner Nicholas J. , Goodacre Royston 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFor enzyme‐catalysed biotransformations, continuous in situ detection methods minimise the need for sample manipulation, ultimately leading to more accurate real‐time kinetic determinations of substrate(s) and product(s). We have established for the first time an on‐line, real‐time quantitative approach to monitor simultaneously multiple biotransformations based on UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy. To exemplify the generality and versatility of this approach, multiple substrates and enzyme systems were used involving nitrile hydratase (NHase) and xanthine oxidase (XO), both of which are of industrial and biological significance, and incorporate multistep enzymatic conversions. Multivariate data analysis of the UVRR spectra, involving multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS), was employed to effect absolute quantification of substrate(s) and product(s); repeated benchmarking of UVRR combined with MCR‐ALS by HPLC confirmed excellent reproducibility.