bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Diarylethene Photoswitches—A Universal Tool for Super‐Resolution Microscopy in Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Nevskyi Oleksii , Sysoiev Dmytro , Dreier Jes , Stein Simon Christoph , Oppermann Alex , Lemken Florian , Janke Tobias , Enderlein Jörg , Testa Ilaria , Huhn Thomas , Wöll Dominik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSuper‐resolution fluorescence microscopy allows for unprecedented in situ visualization of biological structures, but its application to materials science has so far been comparatively limited. One of the main reasons is the lack of powerful dyes that allow for labeling and photoswitching in materials science systems. In this study it is shown that appropriate substitution of diarylethenes bearing a fluorescent closed and dark open form paves the way for imaging nanostructured materials with three of the most popular super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy methods that are based on different concepts to achieve imaging beyond the diffraction limit of light. The key to obtain optimal resolution lies in a proper control over the photochemistry of the photoswitches and its adaption to the system to be imaged. It is hoped that the present work will provide researchers with a guide to choose the best photoswitch derivative for super‐resolution microscopy in materials science, just like the correct choice of a Swiss Army Knife's tool is essential to fulfill a given task.
Assessing the Influence of Tilapia on Sport Fish Species in North Carolina Reservoirs
Authors: Henson Mary Nell , Derek Aday D. , Rice James A. , Layman Craig A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRedbelly Tilapia Tilapia zilli and Blue Tilapia Oreochromus aureus are indigenous to Africa and the Middle East, but now occur throughout the southeastern United States. It is fairly well understood that foraging flexibility and wide salinity, oxygen, and temperature tolerances have led to general invasion success for most tilapia species. Conflicting empirical information about the influence of tilapia on native sport fish species, however, leaves natural resource managers unable to anticipate and prevent further introductions and potential associated risks to native sport fishes. This investigation focused on two North Carolina reservoirs with tilapia populations: Hyco Lake, a large reservoir in northcentral North Carolina and Lake Julian, a small impoundment in western North Carolina. These reservoirs receive heated effluent from power generation, which is assumed to provide winter refuge for tilapia at a time when temperatures would otherwise lead to mortality. We assessed relative abundances of the tilapias and native sport species (Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, black basses Micropterus spp., and Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus) in these systems and examined their trophic interactions via diet and stable isotope analyses in both lakes. In Hyco Lake we assessed potential spatial interactions and influences on relative abundance using a priori candidate models and model selection via Akaike's information criterion (AIC). These analyses indicated little evidence of tilapias influencing the relative abundances of the sport species in Hyco Lake. In both lakes, however, we did find substantial diet overlap between the tilapias and Bluegill along with isotopic niche overlap between Blue Tilapia and Bluegill in Lake Julian and Redbelly Tilapia and Bluegill in Hyco Lake. Due to the omnivorous and flexible diet of all three species these interactions were not surprising, but the ultimate influence on Bluegill growth and size structure is unknown. Overall, our results suggest that tilapia are exploiting trophic niches that are not used by the sport fishes of interest in these two very different reservoir systems and that their direct impact on sport species is not substantial.
The Apple Falls Increasingly Far: Parent-Child Correlation in Schooling and the Growth of Post-Secondary Education in Switzerland
Authors: Cattaneo Alejandra , Hanslin Sandra , Winkelmann Rainer 
Published: January 2018

Summary
We analyze the completed highest education degree of four ten-year birth cohorts between 1934 and 1973 in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Household Panel 1999–2004. As expected, the fraction of tertiary graduates has increased over time, for women more so than for men. Educational attainment is highly correlated with educational attainment of parents. We then decompose the overall trend into a parental background effect and a general expansion effect. For women in particular, we find that a substantial fraction of the overall increase in participation in tertiary education can be explained by the fact that the participation rates of women with lowly educated parents have increased. We furthermore explore the role of financial constraints in explaining these trends. Although the number of individuals suffering financial hardship during youth has declined over time, logit models suggest that financial problems might have become more important as an impediment for higher education.
Life Cycle Portfolio Choice: A Swiss Perspective
Authors: Zainhofer Florian 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe use panel data from the Swiss Labor Force Survey to estimate age-earnings profiles as well as transitory and permanent income shock variances for investor groups distinguished by gender, education and activity rate. Estimation results are then used to stylize several different Swiss investor types. Finally, we determine optimal life cycle consumption, savings and risky asset share for these investor types using a recent computational life cycle model of portfolio choice suggested by Cocco et al. (2005). We are particularly interested in the allocation differences between the investor types and their normative implications.
Modeling Monetary Transmission in Switzerland with a Structural Cointegrated VAR Model
Authors: Assenmacher-Wesche Katrin 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper examines the transmission of monetary policy in Switzerland using a structural cointegrated VAR model that includes real money, real output, a long and short-term interest rate, inflation, the exchange rate and a foreign interest rate as endogenous variables and oil prices as exogenous variables. The model takes account of five cointegrating relations that are interpreted as money demand, the real interest rate, the term spread, uncovered interest parity and an aggregate demand schedule. Recursive analysis confirms that the model remains stable after the adoption of a new monetary policy framework of the Swiss National Bank in 2000. After identifying a monetary policy shock, the model is used for impulse-response analysis. We obtain plausible responses of inflation and output to a monetary policy shock but despite the inclusion of money and oil prices an exchange rate puzzle remains present.
Estimation of Hedonic Models Using a Multilevel Approach: An Application for the Swiss Rental Market
Authors: Djurdjevic Dragana , Eugster Christine , Haase Ronny 
Published: January 2018

Summary
This paper is an empirical application of a hedonic model to determine rents in Switzerland. Unlike traditional hedonic models, we take account of the fact that data are clustered at different levels. The resulting spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity permits a consideration of different submarkets within Switzerland. For the empirical analysis, we consider the special case of the clustering of apartments at municipality level. Our results show that even after controlling for housing and locational attributes, a significant part of rental differences are still attributable to municipality differences.
The Swiss Franc exchange rate and deviations from uncovered interest parity: Global vs domestic factors
Authors: Hoffmann Mathias , Suter Rahel 
Published: January 2018

Summary
We examine the role of global and country-specific factors for the Swiss franc exchange rate in the period 1990–2009. Simple asset pricing theory would predict that exchange rates reflect relative movements in national discount factors and that systematic departures from uncovered interest parity can only be explained by international differences in the exposure to the common (global) component of all national discount factors. We extend the methodology of Lustig, Roussanov and Verdelhan (2009) to allow individual currencies’ exposure to this global factor to vary over time as a function of the interest rate differential. This allows us to study the time-varying risk characteristics of individual currency pairs. We find that the Swiss franc acts as a safe haven against some currencies — notably for dollar-based investors — but not for all, specifically not the euro. Also, the extent to which global factors have weighed on the Swiss franc exchange rate has varied over the sample period and appears more subdued in the global low interest rate environment of the last decade.
International policy coordination and simple monetary policy rules
Authors: Berger Wolfram 
Published: January 2018

Summary
This paper studies monetary policy in an optimizing two-country model. We suppose a two-step production process that is associated with vertical trade. Prices of final consumption goods are sticky and pass-through can be incomplete. Monetary authorities should respond to both home and foreign shocks in this set-up. Which simple, i.e. non-optimal, targeting rule best supports the welfare maximizing policy hinges critically on the degree of the cross-country interdependence in production and the relative importance of productivity and cost-push shocks. We argue that the relative volatility of productivity and cost-push shocks determines whether the monetary authority should follow a price targeting rule whereas the degree of vertical integration determines which simple price targeting rule (producer or consumer price index targeting) is best.
Productivity and economic growth in Switzerland 1991–2006
Authors: Rudolf Barbara , Zurlinden Mathias 
Published: January 2018

Summary
In this paper, we analyse the sources of economic growth in Switzerland during the period 1991–2006. The results suggest that labour input and capital input contribute 0.52 pp and 0.57 pp, respectively, to the average annual GDP growth of 1.44%. The remaining 0.35 pp represent growth in multi-factor productivity which is calculated as a residual. The estimate of growth in multi-factor productivity is lower than in previous studies because our measure of labour input takes changes in labour quality into account. Changes in labour quality explain 0.39 pp of the 0.52 pp contribution from labour input.
Application of the Swiss fiscal rule to artificial data a Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Geier Alain 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe Swiss fiscal rule or “debt brake” is applied to simulated data of economic output and fiscal revenues. The budget remains almost perfectly balanced and the debt ratio stable over the medium and long term: The cyclical adjustment of the debt brake is effective in terms of its primary objective of achieving a balanced budget over the medium term. The rule also performs well with respect to the objective of taking into account the position of the economy in the cycle. In the case of a non-stationary GDP series, however, this result can not be guaranteed anymore.
Swiss Energy Strategies under Global Climate Change and Nuclear Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Marcucci Adriana , Turton Hal 
Published: January 2018

Summary
Domestic strategies for the Swiss energy system are likely to be affected by a range of uncertain global challenges, such as natural resource availability and depletion, international climate change policies, and global technology policies. We analyze technological choices for Switzerland under a stringent global climate policy with modest global energy resources; and the possible consequences of different global or regional policies in response to the recent nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan. We use MERGE, an integrated assessment model, with a division of the world in 10 regions, including Switzerland and Japan. We find that nuclear energy, including light water reactors or more advanced technologies have the potential to play a major role in the future energy system. The consequences of a moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants include the need for additional electricity efficiency measures and the integration of a large share of intermittent renewables, raising additional challenges.
Exchange rates and import prices in Switzerland
Authors: Herger Nils 
Published: January 2018

Summary
For the case of Switzerland, this paper endeavours to estimate the empirical extent to which exchange rates are “passed-through” onto import prices. For data covering the 1999 to 2010 period, the results suggest that (i) on aggregate, the exchange rate pass-through is highly incomplete with an elasticity of around 0.3 and (ii) major differences arise between industries. In particular, larger pass-through effects can be observed for certain commodities and other standardised products such as paper, timber, or minerals whilst for automobiles and textiles, the impact of the exchange rate upon import prices is almost always negligible and statistically far from significant.
Can green power save us from climate change?
Authors: Taylor M. Scott 
Published: January 2018

SummaryInternational efforts to lower emissions have largely failed, and many now believe we will fail to limit warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius by 2100. In this extended abstract, I discuss whether a wholesale movement to renewable energy or Green Power could limit carbon emissions to meet a 2 degree Celsius target while simultaneously meeting the world’s growing demands for energy. Using a very simple growth model I calculate the burden Green Power must carry in order to keep emissions within the 2 degree target, and then discuss the speed, scope, and size of the energy transition this would imply. An energy transition of sufficient speed and magnitude to meet these targets is unlikely, leading me to believe that Green Power cannot save us from climate change.
Obtaining and Predicting the Bounds of Realized Correlations
Authors: Grossmass Lidan 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper argues that the inherent data problems make precise point identification of realized correlation difficult but identification bounds in the spirit ofManski(1995) can be derived. These identification bounds allow for a more robust approach to inference especially when the realized correlation is used for estimating other risk measures. We forecast the identification bounds using the HAR model ofCorsi(2003) using data during the year of onset of the credit crisis and find that the bounds provide good predictive coverage of the realized correlation for both 1- and 10-step forecasts even in volatile periods.
Helicopter Mountain Rescue in Slovenia from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Deeb Janina Golob , Walter Nicholas , Carrico Caroline , Gašperin Miha , Deeb George R. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction The popularity of adventure recreation in wilderness areas across the world continues to increase. Nevertheless, the risk of injury and illness remains significant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mountain rescue operations performed in Slovenia between 2011 and 2015. Methods This retrospective study reports mountain rescue operations documented by the Slovenian National Mountain Rescue Association. The annual number of ground-based and helicopter-based rescues were identified and compared. For 2015, the indication for rescue and the severity of injury were also analyzed, specifically for interventions requiring the use of a helicopter. Results From 2011 through 2015, the number of rescues remained consistent with an annual average of 413 (SD ±15; range, 393–434) rescues. However, the percentage of ground-based rescues varied significantly year by year ( P=0.016), with highest rate in 2014 (68%) and the lowest in 2015 (56%). In 2015, 434 mountain rescue operations were reported in Slovenia. Injury accounted for 44%, illness for 10%, and fatality for 9% of the rescues. In 37%, no illness or injury was reported. Helicopter rescue was used in 190 (44%) of all interventions. Among the 190 helicopter rescues, 49% of patients had nonfatal injuries, 29% required no medical treatment, 15% had illness, and 7% had fatal injuries. Conclusions A significant number of mountain rescue operations were conducted in Slovenia from 2011 through 2015. Most of these were needed for injured, ill, or deceased persons. A notable number of rescues in 2015 required a helicopter.
Associations between alcohol and obesity in more than 100 000 adults in England and Scotland
Authors: O’Donovan Gary , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Hamer Mark 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe objective of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the association between alcohol and obesity using data from 106 182 adults in England and Scotland (46·7 % male; mean 46·9 (sd 16·9) years). Trained interviewers asked participants about alcohol intake. Obesity was defined as BMI≥30 kg/m2. Potential confounders included age, sex, smoking, physical activity, longstanding illness, psychological distress and socioeconomic status. Compared with those who drank at least five times a week, obesity risk was 1·21 (95 % CI 1·15, 1·27) in those who drank one to four times a week, 1·53 (95 % CI 1·43, 1·62) in those who drank one to two times a month, 1·61 (95 % CI 1·52, 1·71) in those who drank less than once every couple of months, 1·34 (95 % CI 1·23, 1·47) in those who were former drinkers, and 1·03 (95 % CI 0·95, 1·11) in those who were never drinkers. Compared with those who drank a harmful volume, obesity risk was 0·78 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·90) in those who drank within guidelines, 0·69 (95 % CI 0·54, 0·88) in former drinkers and 0·50 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·63) in never drinkers; and, these associations were biased away from the null after adjustment for drinking volume. Abstinence was associated with increased risk of obesity in women. These data suggest that the association between drinking frequency and obesity is bell-shaped, with obesity risk not significantly different in those who drink most often and never drinkers. Drinking volume has a positive confounding effect on the association between drinking frequency and obesity, which may help explain the conflicting findings of other studies.
From obduction to continental collision: new data from Central Greece
Authors: NIRTA GIUSEPPE , MORATTI GIOVANNA , PICCARDI LUIGI , MONTANARI DOMENICO , CARRAS NICOLAOS , CATANZARITI RITA , CHIARI MARCO , MARCUCCI MARTA 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to contribute to deciphering the evolutionary history of the Hellenides by the study of a large sector of the chain located between the front of the ophiolitic units and the external zones classically attributed to the continental margin of Adria. In particular, the tectonic units located in Boeotia – a key area located in Central Greece at the boundary between the Internal and External Hellenides – were studied from structural, stratigraphic and biostratigraphic points of view. Addressing the main debated aspects concerning the origin of the ophiolite nappe(s), the tectonic evolution of the Hellenic orogen was revised with a particular emphasis on the period between obduction and continental collision. New findings were compared with consolidated data concerning the main metamorphic events recorded in the more Internal Hellenides, geochemistry and age of the ophiolites and main stratigraphic constraints obtained in other sectors of the belt. Finally, a new reconstruction of the tectonic evolution of this area was introduced and, in the context of the dispute concerning the origin of the ‘ophiolitic belts’ as a possible record of multiple oceanic basins, we put forward for consideration a ‘single ocean’ tectonic model spanning from Triassic up to Tertiary times, and valid for the whole Hellenic–Albanian sector.
A botanical mystery solved by phylogenetic analysis of botanical garden collections: the rediscovery of the presumed-extinct Dracaena umbraculifera
Authors: Edwards Christine E. , Bassüner Burgund , Birkinshaw Chris , Camara Christian , Lehavana Adolphe , Lowry Porter P. , Miller James S. , Wyatt Andrew , Jackson Peter Wyse 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExtinction is the complete loss of a species, but the accuracy of that status depends on the overall information about the species. Dracaena umbraculifera was described in 1797 from a cultivated plant attributed to Mauritius, but repeated surveys failed to relocate it and it was categorized as Extinct on the IUCN Red List. However, several individuals labelled as D. umbraculifera grow in botanical gardens, suggesting that the species’ IUCN status may be inaccurate. The goal of this study was to understand (1) where D. umbraculifera originated, (2) which species are its close relatives, (3) whether it is extinct, and (4) the identity of the botanical garden accessions and whether they have conservation value. We sequenced a cpDNA region of Dracaena from Mauritius, botanical garden accessions labelled as D. umbraculifera, and individuals confirmed to be D. umbraculifera based on morphology, one of which is a living plant in a private garden. We included GenBank accessions of Dracaena from Madagascar and other locations and reconstructed the phylogeny using Bayesian and parsimony approaches. Phylogenies indicated that D. umbraculifera is more closely related to Dracaena reflexa from Madagascar than to Mauritian Dracaena. As anecdotal information indicated that the living D. umbraculifera originated from Madagascar, we conducted field expeditions there and located five wild populations; the species’ IUCN status should therefore be Critically Endangered because < 50 wild individuals remain. Although the identity of many botanical garden samples remains unresolved, this study highlights the importance of living collections for facilitating new discoveries and the importance of documenting and conserving the flora of Madagascar.
Seeing the collective: family arrangements for care at home for older people with dementia
Authors: CECI CHRISTINE , SYMONDS BROWN HOLLY , PURKIS MARY ELLEN 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWith the predicted growth in the number of people with dementia living at home across the globe, the need for home-based care is expected to increase. As such, it will be primarily family carers who will provide this crucial support to family members. Designing appropriate support for family carers is thus essential to minimise risks to their health, to prevent premature institutionalisation or poor care for persons with dementia, as well as to sustain the effective functioning of health and social care systems. To date, the high volume of research related to care at home and acknowledged low impact of interventions suggests that a re-examination of the nature of care at home, and how we come to know about it, is necessary if we are to advance strategies that will contribute to better outcomes for families. This paper describes findings from an ethnographic study that was designed to support an analysis of the complexity and materiality of family care arrangements – that is, the significance of the actual physical, technological and institutional elements shaping care-giving situations. In this paper, we describe the arrangements made by one family to show the necessary collectivity of these arrangements, and the consequences of the formal care system's failure to respond to these.