bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional OCT for preclincial imaging
Authors: Baumann B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFunctional extensions of optical coherence tomography (OCT) expand image contrast and enable quantitative measurements of optical tissue properties, improved segmentation of tissue morphology and the assessment of physiological parameters. In this presentation, we will discuss applications of multifunctional OCT including high‐resolution polarization‐sensitive OCT and OCT angiography for preclinical studies of ocular disease models.
Photoacoustic imaging and its preclinical application in ophthalmology
Authors: Liu M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPhotoacoustic imaging is an emerging optical imaging technique featuring optical illumination and acoustic detection. Short laser pulses deposit their energy in optical absorbers where light energy is converted to acoustic energy. Therefore photoacoustic imaging is a direct way of absorption mapping in 3D. Since absorbers, or chromophores, have unique absorption spectra, spectrascopic photoacoustic imaging can distinguish different absorbers by wavelength unmixing. In preclinical and clinical settings, photoacoustic microscopy, one major modality in photoacoustic imaging, can be used for ophthalmic imaging. Without the use of contrast agents, two absorbers can be distinguished: melanin and hemoglobin. Even though the application of photoacoustic microscopy in ophthalmic imaging is relatively new and still in its primitive phase, here we can see how photoacoustic microscopy can reveal the details of blood vessels and melanin in the eye. We will also discuss the potentials of photoacoustic imaging for ophthalmology.
Radiation‐induced cataracts
Authors: Barnard S. , Moquet J. , Lloyd S. , Ellender M. , Ainsbury E. , Quinlan R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe radiosensitive nature of the lens has been increasingly reported, although the exact mechanistic details of the radiation response pathways for cataractogenesis are unclear. Radiation‐induced DNA damage and the subsequent impairment of repair pathways within the lens epithelium are involved. Here, two distinct regions of the murine lens epithelium have been analysed for their differences in double strand break (DSB) repair responses to ionising radiation. The responses of epithelial cells located at the anterior pole (central region) have been compared to those in other locations, including the proliferative compartment, and including the very periphery of the monolayer (peripheral region). Described here are the responses between the two regions, across four strains, over a low dose (0–25 mGy) X‐irradiation range up to 24 hours. Damage visualised through biomarker 53BP1 staining was present across the epithelium, repair kinetics appear non‐uniform. Epithelial cells in the central region have significantly more 53BP1 positive foci. In this study, BALB/c were identified as the most suitable strain for low dose ionising radiation exposure investigation.
Ocriplasmin in the treatment of vitreomacular traction – for
Authors: Xirou T. , Chatziralli I. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEnzymatic vitreolysis for the treatment of vitreomacular traction (VMT) and small macular holes with traction instead of pars plana vitrectomy is a hot debate currently.Ocriplasmin may give a fast and easy solution to the VMT and small macular holes with traction with minimal patient's discomfort and only trasient side effects.Pars plana vitrectomy the only alternative management to the above mentioned retinal diseases it is an invasive procedure, may be traumatic to the macula, and carries a risk of post‐operatively complications such as an epiretinal membrane, nerve fiber layer defect and cataract formation.Therefore enzymatic vitreolysis should be considered as a strong treatment option.
A review of orbital tumors in adult Portuguese population
Authors: Teixeira F. , Barata A. , Pinto‐Ferreira N. , Mano S. , Pinto F. , Fonseca A. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo determine the types and frequency of orbital tumors from patients referred to the Orbital Department.MethodsRetrospective consecutive case series. All cases of histopathologically or radiologically verified orbital tumors from a major tertiary referral hospital in Lisbon, were reviewed from a 9‐year period. The distribution of patient's age and sex; and tumor's pathology, origin and location in the orbit were determined.ResultsConsecutive series of 71 patients. Median age at tumor's diagnosis was 52y‐o (from 0 to 92 y‐o), and 65% of the patients were females. The most common clinical features at presentation included proptosis in 33 patients (33%), low vision in 24 (34%), a mass in 15 (21%) and pain in 12 (17%). The mean duration of symptoms was 3,3 years (from 1 month to 20 years) before referral. Orbital tumor were malignant in 37 patients (52%) and benign in 34 (48%). The most common tumors were in the extraconal area: malignant lymphoma in 8 patients (11%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 4 (5%); in the intraconal area: meningioma in 9 patients (12%), cavernous hemangioma in 8 (11%), metastases in 7 (10%); and in the lacrimal gland malignant lymphoma 7 (10%) were the most common.ConclusionsA variety of tumors can involve the orbit. In our series 48% were benign and 52% were malignant. Regardless of the location the most common tumors were malignant lymphoma and cavernous hemangioma. Symptoms that are associated with orbital tumors include: proptosis, orbital mass, decreased vision and pain.
Trabeculectomy – what I learned from my first 20 cases
Authors: Abegao Pinto L. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTrabeculectomy has existed for 40 years now and remains not only the Gold Standard in filtering surgery but also the most commonly performed Glaucoma surgery worldwide. However, this highly effective intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering procedure is a time consuming, multi‐step surgery with a relatively steep learning curve. Accordingly, a begginer surgeon should be aware of the critical steps in pre‐operative, intra‐surgical and post‐operative management in order to maximize results with a low risk profile. In this lecture, we will cover the tips and tricks a surgeon may experience when first starting on this surgery. We will cover the topics concerning pre‐surgical assessment of the patient, type of anesthesia, wound construction, scleral flap and ostium design as well as wound closure and post‐operative management. Additionally, the most common results and complications in the early post‐operative period will be discussed.
XEN implant and UC3 ‐ what I learned from my first 20 cases
Authors: Vandewalle E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryStarting with new glaucoma techniques gives a beginning surgeon some extra stress. In this session, we will go into more detail how to perform those techniques and to select the right patient for the right technique. We will elaborate more how to avoid pitfalls and how to handle complications intra‐ and postoperatively.
High resolution imaging analysis of female carriers and patients of Choroideremia with CHM gene mutation
Authors: Gocho K. , Akeo K. , Kubota D. , Katagiri S. , Kikuchi S. , Hayashi T. , Yamaki K. , Takahashi H. , Kameya S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo report the high resolution imaging features of Japanese patient and female carriers of choroideremia using adaptive optics(AO) and other imaging modalities.MethodsThree carriers and one patient underwent comprehensive examinations including AO fundus camera (rtx1™ Imagine eyes, France), spectral domain optical coherence topography (SD‐OCT)and fundus autofluoresence (FAF). Cone density was measured by peak density method and compared with the data of 34 normal controls. The mutation analysis of the CHM gene was performed by Sanger sequencing. The protocol conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the IRB of The Jikei University and Nippon Medical School.ResultsThree female carriers 1, 2, 3 (sister 9 y.o, mother 37 y.o and grandmother 65 y.o) and one patient (6 y.o, male). They had same CHM mutation, c.646delA, p.T216LfsX16. All carriers did not complain any symptoms, the BCVA of all were over 20/20. Fundus examination of carrier 2 showed mild generation in only periphery, the other carriers showed diffuse degeneration. AF showed mottled hypo‐autofluoresence in degeneration area. SD‐OCT of the carriers showed nearly normal,although peripheral SD‐OCT and patient showed diffuse disruptions of interdigitation and ellipsoid zones.Cone density was measured at 2 to 8 degree temporal from the fovea in every 1 degree, using 50 x 50 micron images. Cone counting was performed by AO detect (Imagine eyes) with manual correction. Patient showed lower cone density more than 2 SD of normal control. The carriers showed lower cone density only at 7 and 8 degrees.ConclusionsAO cone counting showed reduction of photoreceptors in carriers mainly at peripheral region. To elucidate the mechanism of peripheral degeneration and foveal sparing of female carriers may help preventing the disease progression of choroideremia patients.
Is the age a prognostic factor for the outcome after treatment of myopic CNV?
Authors: Kontadakis G. , Parikakis E. , Peponis V. , Batsos G. , Georgalas I. , Tsilimbaris M. , Karagiannis D. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeChoroidal neovascularization (CNV) can develop in eyes with pathologic myopia. The study investigates the role of age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of eyes with myopic CNV after treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab injections.MethodsRetrospective review of charts of 21 eyes with myopic CNV treated with ranibizumab injections. Diagnosis was confirmed with fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, SD‐OCT, refraction and axial length measurement in all cases. Two age subgroups were created, putting the limit to 40 years of age. The correlation of age with the change in visual acuity and the number of injections was evaluated.ResultsThe follow‐up period was for at least 30 months. Age of the patients was significantly correlated with the number of injections, as well as with the improvement in the LogMAR corrected distance visual acuity. All patients in the younger aged subgroup were stable or improved in comparison to the initial CDVA, versus 57% of patients in the older aged subgroup (p=0.04, chi square test). In the younger aged subgroup 86% of patients had final CDVA equal to or better than 20/40 and in the older aged subgroup 14% of patients (p=0.001, chi square test).ConclusionsYounger than 40 years old patients found to need fewer intravitreal injections and to obtain a more prominent visual improvement. Age seems to be a critical prognostic factor for the outcome in cases of myopic CNV treated with reanibizumab.
Intravitreal bevacizumab administration for complicated retinal arterial macroaneurysm in a young male patient
Authors: Popa Cherecheanu A. , Pirvulescu R. , Dide C. , Iancu R. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeRetinal arterial macro aneurysms (RAM) represent aquired retinal vascular disorders encountered predominantly in elderly, with marked female predominance, and most often associated with hypertension, arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.In this poster we try to assess functional and anatomical results after bevacizumab (Avastin) injection in a young male with complicated RAM.MethodsA 27 years old male presented in our clinic with decreased visual acuity into the right eye with the debut 10 days before. The patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic and OCT examination. The diagnosis of retinal arterial macroaneurysm complicated with macular edema associated with lipoprotein exsudation was established. The patient underwent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) 1.25 mg/0.05 ml; two follow‐up visits were planned at 1 and 4 weeks after bevacizumab intravitreal administration.ResultsAt 4 weeks after intravitreal bevacizumab, right eye BCVA improved from 0.17 logMAR to 0.1 logMAR; the retinal hemorrhage reduced considerable, retinophotography demonstrated resolution of the exsudative changes and OCT examination showed physiologic appearance of the fovea. The patient underwent thorough investigations in cardiovascular area, including cerebral MRI. He was also proposed for retinal angiofluorography.ConclusionsAlthough many patients are asymptomatic, decreased visual acuity is the most frequent symptom, and it is determined by hemorrhage and/or macular edema with macular star formation. The differential diagnosis of RAM includes retinal and systemic diseases that require thorough investigation.
Long‐term outcome following ranibizumab treatment for CNV related to ND: YAG‐Laser macular injury
Authors: Batsos G. , Parikakis E. , Christodoulou E. , Karagiannis D. , Stefaniotou M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo present a case of a macular injury caused by Nd: YAG laser, the early clinical findings, the late complications and the anatomic and functional status after treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab in a five year follow‐up period.MethodsA 32‐year‐old man working on the physics laboratory, suffered a macula injury in his right eye after accidental exposure of a 800 nm wave length Nd: YAG laser pulse. His measured best corrected visual acuity on the day of the accident was 0.70 logMAR. One month later the formation of a full‐thickness macular hole was observed. Any surgical intervention was postponed and a close monitor was proposed. A spontaneous closure of the hole was observed within the next month and the vision improved to 0.18 logMAR. Six months later the patient presented with sudden deterioration of his visual acuity again measured 0.70 logMAR. OCT and FA performed, which revealed macular oedema and hemorrhage due to choroidal neovascularisation. A single intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was applied to the affected eye.ResultsThe oedema resolved within 45 days after the injection and the visual acuity improved to 0.48 logMAR. No regression was noticed and the BCVA and the macula area remain stable for a period of four and a‐half years after the resolution of the oedema,ConclusionsAll personnel working with laser products should take the necessary precautions and use protective goggles. In the event of a macular hole formation, spontaneous closure can occur and a close observation can be an alternative to the early surgical treatment. Choroidal neovascularization can occur and treatment with anti‐VEGF therapy may help to maintain a stable anatomic and functional outcome for a long period.
Types of diabetic retinopathy studied by wide field angiography
Authors: Maamouri R. , Falfoul Y. , Bouraoui R. , Kortli M. , Chebil A. , Fedra K. , Nafaa F. , El Matri K. , El Matri L. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the types of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using a wide field fluorescein angiography and to identify the associated factors.MethodsIn a retrospective study, consecutive wide‐field angiographs obtained using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 with a contact lens system Staurenghi were graded in: anterior, posterior or diffuse diabetic retinopathy. Anterior DR was defined if diabetic retinal changes were noted only at the location anterior to the imaginary circle bordered by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study seven‐standard fields. In all patients central foveal thickness was measured on Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography using Topcon 2000.ResultsA total of 69 eyes of diabetic patients were included. Diabetic retinopathy was anterior in 12 eyes (17.4%), posterior in 24 eyes (34.8%) and was diffuse in 33 eyes (47.8%). Retinal non perfusion was associated with anterior DR in 17.5%, posterior DR in 2.5% and diffuse DR in 80% of eyes (p < 0.001). Peripheral vessel leakage was present in 14.3% of anterior DR, and in 85.7% of diffuse DR, and none eye in posterior DR (p < 0.001). The average of central foveal thickness was 232 μm in anterior DR, 303 μm in posterior DR and 459 μm in diffuse DR (p = 0.01). No correlation was found between types of DR and age (p = 0.22), sex (p = 0.2), arterial hypertension (p = 0.12), cardiopathy (p = 0.16), nephropathy (p = 0.16) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.07).ConclusionsThis study highlighted that diffuse DR was significantly associated with retinal non perfusion and macular edema. Posterior DR was less associated with retinal non perfusion and peripheral vessel leakage. Eyes with anterior and diffuse DR are at greater risk of ocular complications, needing more clinical monitoring.
Choroidal vascular abnormalities by UWF ICGA in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Sagong M. , Noh D. , van Hemert J. , Lee J. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo evaluate vortex vein engorgement and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using ultra‐widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF ICGA).MethodsTwenty two patients with unilateral (19 patients) or bilateral (3 patients) CSC were consecutively included and imaged by UWF autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography and ICGA, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The number of quadrant of vortex vein engorgement was evaluated in the early phase of ICGA, which was classified as effective if the dilated choroidal vessels affect the macula. The area of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability was quantified in the late phase using by stereographic projection method. And they were correlated with clinical findings and OCT features.ResultsIn all affected eyes, choroidal hyperpermeability from dilated choroidal vessels was observed in association with 1 or more engorged vortex vein. Affected eyes showed significantly greater choroidal hyperpermeability area (P < 0.001) and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.022) compared with unaffected eyes although both eyes in the patients with unilateral CSC demonstrated symmetry of vortex congestion (78.1%). The choroidal vascular hyperpermeability was significantly correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (P=0.012, rho=0.493) and the height of subretinal fluid (P=0.012, rho=0.514). The number of quadrant of the effective vortex vein engorgement was correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (P=0.010, rho=0.505).ConclusionsUWF ICGA could demonstrate vortex vein engorgement and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, suggesting outflow congestion as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of CSC. And they may serve as diagnostic clues or even predictors of disease course.
Intra‐ and inter‐grader agreement in grading of coverage of panretinal photocoagulation by ultra‐wide field color fundus images
Authors: Torp T.L. , Jakobsen D.B. , Grauslund J. 
Published: September 2017

PurposePanretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the gold‐standard treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), but evaluation of the coverage of PRP after treatment can be difficult and is not standardized. Ultra‐wide field (UWF) color fundus images may offer an objective alternative to subjective evaluation of PRP‐coverage. We propose a new model to quantify the coverage of PRP treatment in each retinal quadrant by UWF images. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the intra‐ and inter‐grader reliability of the model.MethodsThe retinal coverage of PRP in each quadrant of the retina on 20 UWF color fundus images in patients treated for PDR was quantified by two independent graders (grader A and B), and intra‐ and inter‐grader association (Kappa) were calculated. In each retinal quadrant, OPTOS UWF color fundus images (Optomap, Optos PLC., Dunfermline, Scotland, UK) were used, and each grader evaluated the total retinal area covered by laser. The graders categorized the amount of laser visible on the retina into four categories (no visible laser spots, <50%, 51‐75%, 76‐100%).ResultsThe total retinal area covered by laser was 76‐100% (for both graders). Intra‐grader association was 0.715 and 0.464 for Grader A and Grader B, respectively, and inter‐grader association was substantial at 0.627.ConclusionsUsing Optos UWF images, we were able to achieve high intra‐ and inter‐grader reliability for the quantification of the retinal area covered with PRP in patients with PDR. This might aid clinicians when comparing PRP coverage between patients.
Relationship between macular thickness and mesopic visual acuity in older subjects without retinal disease
Authors: Puell M. , Palomo‐Alvarez C. , Gómez‐García S. , Ayala‐Ayerbes M. , Chozas‐Enrique J. , Pérez‐Carrasco M.J. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeImpaired mesopic visual acuity (VA) is a risk factor for incident early age‐related macular degeneration 3 years later. However, there is a lack of data on the retina structure‐function relationship in healthy eyes. In this study, the correlations of macular thicknesses with photopic and mesopic VA were analyzed in young and older subjects without retinal disease.MethodsRetinal thickness was measured by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in one eye of 40 young and 41 older healthy subjects with best corrected VA of 20/20. Macular thicknesses measurements from complete and inner and outer retinal‐segmentation (IRS and ORS) of the central fovea, inner ring, outer ring, and ganglion cell complex were used in analyses. Best‐corrected distance VA was measured using HC and LC logMAR charts under photopic and mesopic (1 cd/m2) luminance conditions. The decrease in mesopic VA when compared to photopic VA (low luminance VA deficit) was registered. Pearson correlation followed by multiple forward stepwise regression analyses were performed in each age group.ResultsIn the older group, the macula was thicker in the ORS of the central fovea and inner ring, and thinner in the IRS of inner ring and outer ring (all, P < 0.01). Mean photopic and mesopic HC‐VA and LC‐VA, and mean HC‐low luminance VA defict were significantly worse in the older group (all, P < 0.01). Significant correlations were detected only in the older group. Multiple regression analysis showed that ORS thickness of inner ring was independent contributor to mesopic LC‐VA (r = 0.40, P = 0.01) and the complete thickness of central fovea was independent contributor to HC‐ and LC‐low luminance VA deficit (r = 0.45, P = 0.003; r = 0.32, P = 0.04
The effect of internal limiting membrane peeling in surgical treatment of combined hamartoma and epiretinal membrane
Authors: Park J.M. , Soo Jung L. , Ji Hyun P. , Myung In Y. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the surgical management of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium and epiretinal membrane (ERM).MethodsThe records of 11 patients (11 eyes) with ERM of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, 22 patients (22 eyes) with ERM who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the ERM were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into four groups: eyes without (6 eyes) or with (5 eyes) ILM peeling in ERM of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium and eyes without (12 eyes) or with (10 eyes) ILM peeling in ERM. Anatomical outcomes, functional outcomes, complications and recurrences were compared between the eyes without and with ILM peeling. Anatomical outcome included the central retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness from optical coherence tomography (OCT). Functional outcomes included the change in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA).ResultsCentral retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased and postoperative BCVA improved in without and with ILM peeling in ERM of combined hamartoma and ERM. But there were no statistically significant differences in central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, BCVA between without and with ILM peeling in ERM of combined hamartoma and ERM. There was no complicated and recurred case in four groups.ConclusionsThe additional ILM peeling in patients with ERM of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, ERM doesn't affect the postoperative results in central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness and visual acuity.