bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of linear response functions in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Xin Tao , Pedernales Julen S. , Lamata Lucas , Solano Enrique , Long Gui-Lu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe measure multi-time correlation functions of a set of Pauli operators on a two-level system, which can be used to retrieve its associated linear response functions. The two-level system is an effective spin constructed from the nuclear spins of 1H atoms in a solution of 13C-labeled chloroform. Response functions characterize the linear response of the system to a family of perturbations, allowing us to compute physical quantities such as the magnetic susceptibility of the effective spin. We use techniques exported from quantum information to measure time correlations on the two-level system. This approach requires the use of an ancillary qubit encoded in the nuclear spins of the 13C atoms and a sequence of controlled operations. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of such a quantum platform to compute time-correlation functions of arbitrary order, which relate to higher-order corrections of perturbative methods. Particularly, we show three-time correlation functions for arbitrary times, and we also measure time correlation functions at fixed times up to tenth order.
Spatial distribution of citizen science casuistic observations for different taxonomic groups
Authors: Tiago Patrícia , Ceia-Hasse Ana , Marques Tiago A. , Capinha César , Pereira Henrique M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOpportunistic citizen science databases are becoming an important way of gathering information on species distributions. These data are temporally and spatially dispersed and could have limitations regarding biases in the distribution of the observations in space and/or time. In this work, we test the influence of landscape variables in the distribution of citizen science observations for eight taxonomic groups. We use data collected through a Portuguese citizen science database (biodiversity4all.org). We use a zero-inflated negative binomial regression to model the distribution of observations as a function of a set of variables representing the landscape features plausibly influencing the spatial distribution of the records. Results suggest that the density of paths is the most important variable, having a statistically significant positive relationship with number of observations for seven of the eight taxa considered. Wetland coverage was also identified as having a significant, positive relationship, for birds, amphibians and reptiles, and mammals. Our results highlight that the distribution of species observations, in citizen science projects, is spatially biased. Higher frequency of observations is driven largely by accessibility and by the presence of water bodies. We conclude that efforts are required to increase the spatial evenness of sampling effort from volunteers.
Smart patterned surfaces with programmable thermal emissivity and their design through combinatorial strategies
Authors: Athanasopoulos N. , Siakavellas N. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe emissivity of common materials remains constant with temperature variations, and cannot drastically change. However, it is possible to design its entire behaviour as a function of temperature, and to significantly alter the thermal emissivity of a surface through the combination of different patterns and materials. We show that smart patterned surfaces consisting of smaller structures (motifs) may be designed to respond uniquely through combinatorial strategies by transforming themselves. The smart surfaces can passively manipulate thermal radiation—without the use of electronics—because their modus operandi has already been programmed into their intrinsic characteristics; the environment provides the energy required for their activation. Each motif emits thermal radiation in a certain manner, as it changes its geometry; however, the spatial distribution of these motifs causes them to interact with each other. Therefore, their combination and interaction determine the global behaviour of the surfaces, thus enabling their a priori design. The emissivity behaviour is not random; it is determined by two fundamental parameters, namely the combination of orientations in which the motifs open (n-fold rotational symmetry) and the combination of materials (colours) on the motifs; these generate functions which fully determine the dependency of the emissivity on the temperature.
Buoyancy effects on the radiative magneto Micropolar nanofluid flow with double stratification, activation energy and binary chemical reaction
Authors: Ramzan M. , Ullah Naeem , Chung Jae Dong , Lu Dianchen , Farooq Umer 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA mathematical model has been developed to examine the magneto hydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow with buoyancy effects. Flow analysis is carried out in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and dual stratification. The impact of binary chemical reaction with Arrhenius activation energy is also considered. Apposite transformations are engaged to transform nonlinear partial differential equations to differential equations with high nonlinearity. Resulting nonlinear system of differential equations is solved by differential solver method in Maple software which uses Runge-Kutta fourth and fifth order technique (RK45). To authenticate the obtained results, a comparison with the preceding article is also made. The evaluations are executed graphically for numerous prominent parameters versus velocity, micro rotation component, temperature, and concentration distributions. Tabulated numerical calculations of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers with respective well-argued discussions are also presented. Our findings illustrate that the angular velocity component declines for opposing buoyancy forces and enhances for aiding buoyancy forces by changing the micropolar parameter. It is also found that concentration profile increases for higher values of chemical reaction parameter, whereas it diminishes for growing values of solutal stratification parameter.
Molecular evidence of Chlamydia pecorum and arthropod-associated Chlamydiae in an expanded range of marsupials
Authors: Burnard Delaney , Huston Wilhelmina M. , Webb Jonathan K. , Jelocnik Martina , Reiss Andrea , Gillett Amber , Fitzgibbon Sean , Carver Scott , Carrucan Janine , Flanagan Cheyne , Timms Peter , Polkinghorne Adam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe order Chlamydiales are biphasic intracellular bacterial pathogens infecting humans and domesticated animals. Wildlife infections have also been reported, with the most studied example being Chlamydia pecorum infections in the koala, an iconic Australian marsupial. In koalas, molecular evidence suggests that spill-over from C. pecorum infected livestock imported into Australia may have had a historical or contemporary role. Despite preliminary evidence that other native Australian marsupials also carry C. pecorum, their potential as reservoirs of this pathogen and other Chlamydia-related bacteria (CRBs) has been understudied. Mucosal epithelial samples collected from over 200 native Australian marsupials of different species and geographic regions across Australia were PCR screened for Chlamydiales. Previously described and genetically distinct C. pecorum genotypes and a range of 16S rRNA genotypes sharing similarity to different CRBs in the broader Chlamydiales order were present. One 16S rRNA Chlamydiales genotype recently described in Australian ticks that parasitise native Australian marsupials was also identified. This study provides further evidence that chlamydial infections are widespread in native fauna and that detailed investigations are required to understand the influence these infections have on host species conservation, but also whether infection spill-over plays a role in their epidemiology.
ERV1 Overexpression in Myeloid Cells Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Sima Corneliu , Montero Eduardo , Nguyen Daniel , Freire Marcelo , Norris Paul , Serhan Charles N. , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNon-resolving inflammation is a central pathologic component of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and associated morbidities. The resultant hyperglycemia is deleterious to the normal function of many organs and its control significantly improves survival and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Macrophages play critical roles in both onset and progression of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Here we show that systemic activation of inflammation resolution prevents from morbid obesity and hyperglycemia under dietary overload conditions. In gain-of-function studies using mice overexpressing the human resolvin E1 receptor (ERV1) in myeloid cells, monocyte phenotypic shifts to increased patrolling-to-inflammatory ratio controlled inflammation, reduced body weight gain and protected from hyperglycemia on high-fat diet. Administration of a natural ERV1 agonist, resolvin E1, recapitulated the pro-resolving actions gained by ERV1 overexpression. This protective metabolic impact is in part explained by systemic activation of resolution programs leading to increased synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators.
Deep-level defects in n-type GaAsBi alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperature and their influence on optical properties
Authors: Gelczuk Łukasz , Kopaczek Jan , Rockett Thomas B. O. , Richards Robert D. , Kudrawiec Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDeep-level defects in n-type GaAs1−x
Bi
x
having 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.023 grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy at substrate temperature of 378 °C have been injvestigated by deep level transient spectroscopy. The optical properties of the layers have been studied by contactless electroreflectance and photoluminescence. We find that incorporating Bi suppresses the formation of GaAs-like electron traps, thus reducing the total trap concentration in dilute GaAsBi layers by over two orders of magnitude compared to GaAs grown under the same conditions. In order to distinguish between Bi- and host-related traps and to identify their possible origin, we used the GaAsBi band gap diagram to correlate their activation energies in samples with different Bi contents. This approach was recently successfully applied for the identification of electron traps in n-type GaAs1−x
N
x
and assumes that the activation energy of electron traps decreases with the Bi (or N)-related downward shift of the conduction band. On the basis of this diagram and under the support of recent theoretical calculations, at least two Bi-related traps were revealed and associated with Bi pair defects, i.e. (VGa+BiGa)−/2− and (AsGa+BiGa)0/1−. In the present work it is shown that these defects also influence the photoluminescence properties of GaAsBi alloys.
S1P1 deletion differentially affects TH17 and Regulatory T cells
Authors: Eken Ahmet , Duhen Rebekka , Singh Akhilesh K. , Fry Mallory , Buckner Jane H. , Kita Mariko , Bettelli Estelle , Oukka Mohamed 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) is critical for the egress of T and B cells out of lymphoid organs. Although S1P1 agonist fingolimod is currently used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) little is known how S1P1 signaling regulates Th17 and Treg cell homeostasis. To study the impact of S1P1 signaling on Th17 and Treg cell biology, we specifically deleted S1P1 in Th17 and Treg cells using IL-17A
Cre
and Foxp3
Cre
mice, respectively. Deletion of S1P1 in Th17 cells conferred resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). On the other hand, permanent deletion of S1P1 in Treg cells resulted in autoimmunity and acute deletion rendered mice more susceptible to EAE. Importantly, our study revealed that S1P1 not only regulated the egress of Treg cells out of lymphoid organs and subsequent non-lymphoid tissue distribution but also their phenotypic diversity. Most of the Treg cells found in S1P1-deficient mice as well as MS patients on fingolimod therapy had an activated phenotype and were more prone to apoptosis, thus converted to effector Treg. Our results provide novel insight into the functions of S1P1 and potential impact of long term fingolimod use on Th17 and Treg cell biology and general health in MS patients.
Biochemical mechanisms of dose-dependent cytotoxicity and ROS-mediated apoptosis induced by lead sulfide/graphene oxide quantum dots for potential bioimaging applications
Authors: Ayoubi Mahdi , Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Hashemi Mohammad Taghi , Reza Rostami Mohammad , Tamjid Elnaz , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Simchi Abdolreza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQD) have attracted considerable attention for biomedical diagnosis and imaging as well as biochemical analysis and stem cell tracking. In this study, quasi core/shell lead sulfide/reduced graphene oxide CQD with near infrared emission (1100 nm) were prepared for potential bioimaging applications. The nanocrystals had an average diameter of ~4 nm, a hydrodynamic size of ~8 nm, and a high quantum efficiency of 28%. Toxicity assay of the hybrid CQD in the cultured human mononuclear blood cells does not show cytotoxicity up to 200 µg/ml. At high concentrations, damage to mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) due to the formation of uncontrollable amounts of intracellular oxygen radicals (ROS) was observed. Cell membrane and Lysosome damage or a transition in mitochondrial permeability were also noticed. Understanding of cell-nanoparticle interaction at the molecular level is useful for the development of new fluorophores for biomedical imaging.
Rare-Earth Free Self-Activated Graphene Quantum Dots and Copper-Cysteamine Phosphors for Enhanced White Light-Emitting-Diodes under Single Excitation
Authors: Dai Wubin , Lei Yifeng , Xu Man , Zhao Pei , Zhang Zhanhui , Zhou Jia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRare-earth (RE) based phosphors are attractive due to their potential applications. However, owing to the resource issue, these kinds of phosphors are expensive and costly. On the contrary, as for phosphor-convert white light-emitting-diodes (pc-WLEDs), a solution-processed tunable warm white emission LED composite is fabricated in this study under single excitation, with both RE free phosphors graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and Copper-Cysteamine (Cu-Cy). By using microwave-assisted wet-chemical method and with graphite as raw material, cold white fluorescence of the GQDs is obtained. Cu-Cy which shows intense photoluminescence in the red region has the structure where both the thio and amine groups connected with copper and forming cysteamine. Warm white light is achieved by mixing the two self-activated RE free phosphors at the weight ratio of 1: 1.7 under the excitation at 365 nm. The designed optimal LED device has the properties of CIE (x, y) = (0.341, 0.327), T = 4436 K, R = 87.9 EQE = 0.31%. The experimental results demonstrate that RE free phosphor(s) excited under a single chip can open up a new avenue to develop much lower device for warm WLEDs.
Eugenol inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation via downregulation of c-Myc/PGC-1β/ERRα signaling pathway in MCF10A-ras cells
Authors: Yan Xianxin , Zhang Guijuan , Bie Fengjie , Lv Yanhong , Ma Yi , Ma Min , Wang Yurong , Hao Xiaoqian , Yuan Naijun , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlteration in cellular energy metabolism plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting metabolic pathways for cancer treatment has been investigated as potential preventive or therapeutic methods. Eugenol (Eu), a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil mainly obtained from Syzygium, has been reported as a potential chemopreventive drug. However, the mechanism by which Eu regulates cellular energy metabolism is still not well defined. This study was designed to determine the effect of Eu on cellular energy metabolism during early cancer progression employing untransformed and H-ras oncogene transfected MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Eu showed dose-dependent selective cytotoxicity toward MCF10A-ras cells but exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity in MCF10A cells. Treatment with Eu also significantly reduced intracellular ATP levels in MCF10A-ras cells but not in MCF10A cells. This effect was mediated mainly through inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexs and the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins including PPARα, MCAD and CPT1C by downregulating c-Myc/PGC-1β/ERRα pathway and decreasing oxidative stress in MCF10A-ras cells. These results indicate a novel mechanism involving the regulation of cellular energy metabolism by which Eu may prevent breast cancer progression.
Molecular dynamics simulation of nickel‐coated graphene bending
Authors: Katin Konstantin P. , Prudkovskiy Vladimir S. , Maslov Mikhail M. 
Published: September 2017

The work presents a force field molecular dynamics study of nickel‐coated graphene sheet bending at temperatures 300 and 1300 K. Nickel film is represented by nickel atoms located above the centres of carbon hexagons. Parameters for carbon–nickel interaction are fitted with regard to the accurate density functional calculations. Unstrained or flat configuration of the nickel–graphene system is found to be energetically unfavourable for the considered temperatures. Two types of curvatures are taken into account. Positive curvature is characterised by the nickel atoms located closer to the bending axis than the carbon ones, and negative curvature corresponds to the reverse atomic positions. It is found that the equilibrium radius for the curved nickel–graphene complex with the negative curvature is less than the corresponding value for the positive one. However, in both cases the equilibrium curvature radius of nickel‐coated graphene is of the order of several nanometres. It is shown that both temperature and bending directions (zigzag and armchair) weakly affect the bending energy and do not change the equilibrium radius. Bending behaviour of the system is defined by the carbon–nickel interaction rather than the individual properties of isolated graphene and nickel films.
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty: Current Concepts and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pisanu Gabriele , Rosso Federica , Bertolo Corrado , Dettoni Federico , Blonna Davide , Bonasia Davide , Rossi Roberto 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPatellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) can be associated with anterior knee pain, stiffness, and functional impairment. Some authors report that PFOA affects approximately 9% of patients older than 40 years with a greater prevalence in females. Etiology of PFOA is multifactorial and is related to the presence of abnormal stresses at the PF joint due to knee- and patient-related factors. The need for a joint preserving treatment by isolated replacement of the injured compartment of the knee led to the development of PF arthroplasty (PFA). When a correct PF replacement is performed, PFA preserves physiologic tibiofemoral joint, thus allowing patients for a rapid recovery with a high satisfaction. The outcomes for PFA are quite variable with a trend toward good to excellent results, mainly owing to the improvement in surgical techniques, patient selection, and implant design. The development of the second generation of PFA improved the outcomes, which is attributed to the different trochlear designs. Recently, encouraging results have been provided by the association of PFA and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). In many studies, the main cause of PFA failure is progression of tibiofemoral OA. The aim of this brief review of literature is to summarize the clinical features, indications and contraindications, surgical techniques, complications, and outcomes of PFA.
Exploring the Outcomes of Portal Vein Thrombosis in the Clinical Setting of Cirrhosis, Malignancy, and Intra-abdominal Infections with and without Anticoagulation: A Retrospective 5-Year Study
Authors: Joseph Joanne , Chew Samuel , George Julie , Chin Tay , Sule Ashish 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the differences in clinical outcomes in portal vein thrombosis (PVT) patients with cirrhosis, malignancy, and abdominal infections, with or without anticoagulation. This study was approved by ethics committee. Data were collected from 2011 to 2016. Patients were classified into three groups: PVT with cirrhosis, malignancy, and infections. Primary outcomes measures collected were clot resolution, bleeding, recurrence, and death. Frequency, means, and percentages were calculated. In total, 30 patients were analyzed in this study. Mean age was 60.8 years (range of 30–91 years). There were 19 (63.3%) males and 11 (36.7%) females with ethnicity: 21 (70.0%) Chinese, 2 (6.7%) Malay, 2 (6.7%) Indian, and 5 (16.7%) other race. Fifteen patients received anticoagulation and 15 did not receive anticoagulation. Of the 15 patients who received anticoagulation, there was complete resolution of thrombus in 5 (33.3%), partial resolution in 1 (6.7%), and no resolution in 9 (60.0%). Of these 15 patients, there was bleeding in 3 (20.0%), there was no recurrence in 9 (60.0%), and 3 (20.0%) died during the period of follow-up. Of the 15 patients who did not receive anticoagulation, there was complete resolution of thrombus in 2 (13.3%), partial resolution in 0 (0.0%), and no resolution in 13 (86.7%). Of these 15 patients, there was bleeding in 0 (0%), there was recurrence in 2 (13.3%), and 6 (40.0%) died during the period of follow-up. Anticoagulation is effective in PVT. It reduces mortality with lower rate of recurrence. However, it is associated with increased risk of bleeding.
Hörrehabilitation durch Cochlea-Implantation nach
Vestibularisschwannom-Entfernung?
Authors: Schipper Jörg , Kristin Julia , Volpert Simone , Klenzner Thomas 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungAusgewertet wurden in einer Qualitätssicherungsanalyse 10 Patienten mit einem
individuellen Behandlungsversuch nach einer simultanen oder konsekutiven
Cochlea-Implantation nach translabyrinthärer Vestibularisschwannomentfernung im
Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Mehrzahl der Patienten
mit einseitiger Ertaubung durch die stereophone Hörrehabilitation profitiert.
Durch eine schonende chirurgische Präparationstechnik im Bereich des inneren
Gehörgangs kann die morphologisch-funktionelle Integrität der neurovaskulären
Strukturen gewährleistet werden.
Reform and counter-reform in Kenya's land governance
Authors: Klopp Jacqueline M. , Lumumba Odenda 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Fashioned within conquest, Kenya’s current system of land governance was designed to facilitate land expropriation for the few and powerful. Post-colonial elites never fundamentally reformed this system of concentrated legal and administrative power over land and continue to benefit from it. This article explores both recent efforts at land governance reform and the numerous ways that counter-reform resistance is occurring and currently gaining the upper hand. The authors argue that powerful networks of beneficiaries create a strong system of control and exclusion around land, producing a path dependency against reform. The challenge for reformers is to overcome these powerful forces arrayed against change with creative mobilisation strategies, leveraging not only the 2010 Constitution and the courts but also public outrage and stronger civil society organisation. Overall, an important reform struggle in Kenya is just beginning, the outcome uncertain and the stakes for the country’s future very high.