bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a customized 3D printed reduction aid after external fixation of the femur and tibia: Technical note
Authors: Omar Mohamed , Zeller Alexander‐Nicolai , Gellrich Nils‐Claudius , Rana Majeed , Krettek Christian , Liodakis Emannouil 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo construct a fracture‐specific reduction aid by means of virtual reduction technology and 3D printing to reduce malreduced, externally fixed, long bone fractures.TechniqueFollowing application of an external fixator to a malreduced long bone fracture, we performed postoperative computed tomography to visualise the fragments and their position relative to Schanz screws. DICOM data were transferred to 3D planning software, and the fracture was then virtually reduced. Subsequently, a reduction aid was designed to cover the Schanz screws in such a way that it would maintain the position of the new fragments. Following 3D printing, the solid reduction aid could be applied onto the Schanz screws. The reduction aid fit only in the reduced position of the fracture, thus maintaining correct bone alignment.ConclusionOur reduction technique can be applied during the temporary external fixation period on the preexisting external fixator or as a reduction aid during definitive treatment.
Aligning Coordination Class Theory With a New Context: Applying a Theory of Individual Learning to Group Learning
Authors: BARTH‐COHEN LAUREN A. , WITTMANN MICHAEL C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis article presents an empirical analysis of conceptual difficulties encountered and ways students made progress in learning at both individual and group levels in a classroom environment in which the students used an embodied modeling activity to make sense of a specific scientific scenario. The theoretical framework, coordination class theory, has primarily been used to capture individual learning in interview settings, and here it is applied to analytically capture both individual and group learning in a complex classroom environment. Classrooms of ninth‐grade earth science students used the position of their bodies to model a specific scientific concept, the steady‐state energy of the earth. The students encountered difficulties aligning their understanding of the scientific concept with the models. Subsequently, they changed their models in specific ways that better aligned their understanding of the scientific concept with their newly modified model. The theory is utilized to describe learning by both individuals and the group in this classroom environment and shows how a single student's contribution can dramatically affect the model and subsequent learning. Implications suggest new ways in which the theory may be useful for designing learning environments.
Carbohydrate‐BasedSafe Fuel Gel with Significant Self–healing Property
Authors: Pal Kumar Bhaskar , Mukhopadhyay Balaram 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe report a multi‐functional low molecular weight organogelator (LMOG) derived from mannose with rational protecting group manipulations. The gelator found to give excellent gelation with various organic solvents and oils at very low concentration. The gel showed excellent self‐healing property and phase‐selectivity in the aqueous‐organic interface. The thermo‐reversible gel exhibited efficient recharge ability up to four cycles of burning and gelation indicating the potential use as safe fuel. The single crystal X‐ray structure of the gelator gave an insight of the supramolecular arrangement that lead to the multifunctional behaviour.
Realization of Quantitative Estimation for Reaction Rate Constants Using only One Physical Parameter for Each Reactant
Authors: Fu Yan‐Hua , Shen Guang‐Bin , Li Yang , Yuan Lin , Li Jun‐Ling , Li Le , Fu An‐Kun , Chen Jin‐Ting , Chen Bao‐Long , Zhu Li , Zhu Xiao‐Qing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this present paper, a new physical parameter (named as thermo‐kinetic parameter) of reactants was defined according to Zhu's kinetic equation, which can be used to quantitatively estimate activation free energy of various chemical reactions. In order to test the actual application of the thermo‐kinetic parameter of reactants, the thermo‐kinetic parameter values of 109 hydrogen atom donors and 109 hydrogen atom acceptors in acetonitrile at 298 K were determined using experimental methods and the rate constants of 5886 hydrogen atom transfer reactions in acetonitrile at 298 K were quantitatively estimated only using the thermo‐kinetic parameter values of the 109 hydrogen atom donors and the 109 hydrogen atom acceptors in acetonitrile at 298 K. The reliabilities of the estimations were verified. Physical meanings and affecting factors of the thermo‐kinetic parameter were elucidated and examined, respectively. The most significant contribution of this paper is to realize the chemists’ dream for a century that the reaction rate constants can be quantitatively estimated using only one physical parameter for each reactant.
Bridging inquiry‐based science and constructionism: Exploring the alignment between students tinkering with code of computational models and goals of inquiry
Authors: Wagh Aditi , Cook‐Whitt Kate , Wilensky Uri 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResearch on the design of learning environments for K‐12 science education has been informed by two bodies of literature: inquiry‐based science and Constructionism. Inquiry‐based science has emphasized engagement in activities that reflect authentic scientific practices. Constructionism has focused on designing intuitively accessible authoring environments and microworlds that embody the structure of a content domain in program code. Learners build, extend, or explore artifacts to make sense of underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we bridge these bodies of work to argue that interacting with program code of a computational model can facilitate engagement in inquiry‐based science. Tinkering with code involves students playfully manipulating the code of a computational model to generate and pursue goals or questions in the model. We use data from video‐recorded interviews with eleven 10th grade students in which they demonstrate their tinkering explorations with code of models of biological phenomena, and describe related interactions with other students. We analyze these data using a conceptual framework of inquiry‐based science consisting of three components: pursuit of investigations, sense making of investigations, and engagement with a community. We characterize points of alignment between students’ tinkering and these components to argue that tinkering with code underlying computational models facilitated engagement in inquiry‐based science. We also demonstrate how it provided opportunities for disciplinary engagement in two ways: Computational engagement or using code as a representational medium to pursue questions of interest, and conceptual engagement, or coming to notice and explain resulting changes in the modeled phenomenon. More broadly, we argue that the constructionist approach of interacting with and manipulating program code of computational models can facilitate productive forms of engagement with inquiry‐based science. We discuss affordances of interacting with code as a way to engage in inquiry, and provide design recommendations for the adoption of manipulation of code as an inquiry practice. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54:615–641, 2017
A robust biomarker of large‐scale network failure in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wiepert Daniela A. , Lowe Val J. , Knopman David S. , Boeve Bradley F. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Jones David T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionBiomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology have been developed that focus on various levels of brain organization. However, no robust biomarker of large‐scale network failure has been developed. Using the recently introduced cascading network failure model of AD, we developed the network failure quotient (NFQ) as a biomarker of this process.MethodsWe developed and optimized the NFQ using our recently published analyses of task‐free functional magnetic resonance imaging data in clinically normal (n = 43) and AD dementia participants (n = 28) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The optimized NFQ (oNFQ) was then validated in a cohort spanning the AD spectrum from the Mayo Clinic (n = 218).ResultsThe oNFQ (d = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [1.25, 1.26]) had the highest effect size for differentiating persons with AD dementia from clinically normal participants. The oNFQ measure performed similarly well on the validation Mayo Clinic sample (d = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [1.43, 1.44]). The oNFQ was also associated with other available key biomarkers in the Mayo cohort.DiscussionThis study demonstrates a measure of functional connectivity, based on a cascading network failure model of AD, and was highly successful in identifying AD dementia. A robust biomarker of the large‐scale effects of AD pathophysiology will allow for richer descriptions of the disease process and its modifiers, but is not currently suitable for discriminating clinical diagnostic categories. The large‐scale network level may be one of the earliest manifestations of AD, making this an attractive target for continued biomarker development to be used in prevention trials.
Lessons from seru production on manufacturing competitively in a high cost environment
Authors: Yin Yong , Stecke Kathryn E. , Swink Morgan , Kaku Ikou 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHigh capital and labor costs, coupled with high rates of technological and competitive change, present challenges for manufacturers in developed countries, often spurring them to offshore production to low cost sources. However, the electronics industry provides an exception to this trend, where dynamic, high cost conditions have given rise to a new production system – seru – a cellular assembly approach. Seru evolved as an alternative to lean systems approaches, manifesting important differentiated system design choices that appear to offer promise for manufacturing in dynamic, high‐cost markets. This paper reports the results of in‐depth, longitudinal case studies of two electronics giants who have implemented seru. The case studies describe seru's fundamental extensions to, and departures from, lean production, agile production, and group technology‐based cellular manufacturing. We explain how Sony and Canon have applied seru to improve productivity, quality, and flexibility in ways that have enabled them to remain competitive. In addition, our findings elaborate the theory of swift, even flow, with implications for future research of trade‐offs related to production efficiency, responsiveness, and competitiveness in high‐cost, technologically dynamic markets.
What Women Want—An Explorative Study on Women's Attitudes Toward Sexuality Boosting Medication in a Sample of Swiss Women
Authors: Gutsche Melanie , Burri Andrea 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction
The recent approval of flibanserin to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women has once again fueled the ongoing debate about medicalization of female sexual problems and the necessity of such a drug.

Aim
To investigate women's attitudes toward sexuality-boosting medication (SBM) and the role of factors potentially associated with these attitudes, including sexual functioning, sexual quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and personality, in an exploratory survey.

Methods
A population sample of 159 women 18 to 73 years old (mean = 31.8) participated in this cross-sectional online survey. Study variables were assessed using a combination of validated questionnaires and self-constructed questions.

Main Outcome Measures
Descriptive statistics in the form of proportions and percentages and correlation and moderation analyses.

Results
Sixty-one percent of women were willing to take SBM, mostly to increase orgasm frequency and intensity and sexual desire. Likeliness to take SBM correlated negatively with age (r = −0.24; P &lt; .005) and with levels of arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction (P &lt; .05 for all comparisons). Higher relationship satisfaction and conscientiousness moderated the association between willingness to take SBM and desire levels (P &lt; .05 for the two comparisons). For desired properties of SBM, 48.2% of women considered an onset of action of “up to 1 hour” ideal, 41% preferred “less than 15 minutes,” and 66.9% considered a window of action of “an hour” to be ideal.

Conclusion
The demand for a drug to enhance sexual performance in women exists and ideally should target desire and orgasm intensity and frequency. By taking such as drug, women hope to benefit in increased sexual satisfaction and fun with sex. Furthermore, the willingness to take SBM seems to greatly depend on the woman's relationship satisfaction and some personality characteristics.
Experimental investigation of a helicopter rotor with Gurney flaps
Authors: Gibertini G. , Zanotti A. , Droandi G. , Auteri F. , Crosta G. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe present work describes an experimental activity carried out to investigate the performance of Gurney flaps on a helicopter rotor model in hovering. The four blades of the articulated rotor model were equipped with Gurney flaps positioned at 95% of the aerofoil chord, spanning 14% of the rotor radius. The global aerodynamic loads and torque were measured for three Gurney flap configurations characterised by different heights. The global measurements showed an apparent benefit produced by Gurney flaps in terms of rotor performance with respect to the clean blade configuration. Particle image velocimetry surveys were also performed on the blade section at 65% of the rotor radius with and without the Gurney flaps. The local velocity data was used to complete the characterisation of the blade aerodynamic performance through the evaluation of the sectional aerodynamic loads using the the control volume approach.
COMPUTABLE FUNCTORS AND EFFECTIVE INTERPRETABILITY
Authors: HARRISON-TRAINOR MATTHEW , MELNIKOV ALEXANDER , MILLER RUSSELL , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOur main result is the equivalence of two notions of reducibility between
structures. One is a syntactical notion which is an effective version of
interpretability as in model theory, and the other one is a computational notion
which is a strengthening of the well-known Medvedev reducibility. We extend our
result to effective bi-interpretability and also to effective reductions between
classes of structures.
Dating and Stable Isotope Analysis of Charred Residues from Neolithic Sites in the Primorye, Russian Far East
Authors: Kunikita Dai , Popov Alexander N , Lazin Boris V , Morisaki Kazuki , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study attempts to reconstruct food habits through carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope analysis and C/N analysis of charred residues inside pottery from the Primorye in the Russian Far East (Luzanova Sopka 2, Sergeyevka 1, Boisman 2, and Vetka 2 sites). Dates were obtained that were from the later stages of the Rudnaya culture (6980–6485 BP, 7800–7400 cal BP), proto-Boisman type (6760–6330 BP, 7600–7300 cal BP), Boisman culture (6155–4720 BP, 7100–5400 cal BP), and Vetka culture (6030–5870 BP, 6900–6700 cal BP). There are major differences in the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios between inland sites (δ13C –26.9 to –30.0‰, δ15N 7.6 to 9.3‰) and coastal sites (δ13C –18.1 to –24.2‰, δ15N 9.5 to 14.9‰). The results show that the diet of inland cultures consisted primarily of freshwater fish and terrestrial animals and plants, whereas that of coastal cultures consisted mainly of marine organisms.
The Body of Solidarity: Heritage, Memory, and Materiality in Post-Industrial Italy
Authors: Muehlebach Andrea 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the rise of “industrial heritage” and the forms of memorialization proliferating around it. The site is Sesto San Giovanni, Italy's “City of Factories,” which was also a bastion of communist mobilization and which is now bidding to be recognized on UNESCO's world heritage list. Sesto's bid is an attempt not just to recuperate and reinvigorate the landscape of Sesto's ruined factories and its massive, crumbling machinery, but also to capture and render visible and graspable the traces of what this built environment expressed and left behind—the sentiment of solidarity. I thus argue for an understanding of solidarity not just as an emotion or value, but as a structure of feeling mediated by specific material and corporeal forms, in bodies collectively inhabiting a built environment and rhythmically moving within and out of infrastructures and lived landscapes. Such a materialist conception of solidarity must account for bodies and embodiment, rhythm and refrain, as well as for how certain material forms allow for the generation of proximities, coordination, and likeness across difference. It means thinking of solidarity as an arrangement and assembly of bodies in time and space, and of these bodies and their movement as generative of political feeling and action. Based on ethnographic and archival research in Sesto San Giovanni between 2011 and 2013, I tell the story of the afterlife of a twentieth-century sentiment and its fate in an era that has rendered solidarity precarious.
Street Textuality: Socialism, Masculinity, and Urban Belonging in Tanzania's Pulp Fiction Publishing Industry, 1975–1985
Authors: Callaci Emily 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFrom the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, a network of young urban migrant men created an underground pulp fiction publishing industry in the city of Dar es Salaam. As texts that were produced in the underground economy of a city whose trajectory was increasingly charted outside of formalized planning and investment, these novellas reveal more than their narrative content alone. These texts were active components in the urban social worlds of the young men who produced them. They reveal a mode of urbanism otherwise obscured by narratives of decolonization, in which urban belonging was constituted less by national citizenship than by the construction of social networks, economic connections, and the crafting of reputations. This article argues that pulp fiction novellas of socialist era Dar es Salaam are artifacts of emergent forms of male sociability and mobility. In printing fictional stories about urban life on pilfered paper and ink, and distributing their texts through informal channels, these writers not only described urban communities, reputations, and networks, but also actually created them.
Richard B. Alley Receives 2016 Climate Communication Prize
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2017

Richard B. Alley was awarded the 2016 Climate Communication Prize at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 14 December 2016 in San Francisco, Calif. The Climate Communication Prize is funded by Nature's Own, a purveyor of fossils, minerals, and handcrafted jewelry in Boulder, Colo. The prize honors an AGU member-scientist "for the communication of climate science" and "highlights the importance of promoting scientific literacy, clarity of message, and efforts to foster respect and understanding of science-based values as they relate to the implications of climate change."
Highly active and efficient catalysts for alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes
Authors: Dong Kaiwu , Fang Xianjie , Gülak Samet , Franke Robert , Spannenberg Anke , Neumann Helfried , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCarbonylation reactions of alkenes constitute the most important industrial processes in homogeneous catalysis. Despite the tremendous progress in this transformation, the development of advanced catalyst systems to improve their activity and widen the range of feedstocks continues to be essential for new practical applications. Herein a palladium catalyst based on 1,2-bis((tert-butyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphanyl)methyl)benzene L3 (pytbpx) is rationally designed and synthesized. Application of this system allows a general alkoxycarbonylation of sterically hindered and demanding olefins including all kinds of tetra-, tri- and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes as well as natural products and pharmaceuticals to the desired esters in excellent yield. Industrially relevant bulk ethylene is functionalized with high activity (TON: >1,425,000; TOF: 44,000 h−1 for initial 18 h) and selectivity (>99%). Given its generality and efficiency, we expect this catalytic system to immediately impact both the chemical industry and research laboratories by providing a practical synthetic tool for the transformation of nearly any alkene into a versatile ester product.
Chirality detection of enantiomers using twisted optical metamaterials
Authors: Zhao Yang , Askarpour Amir N. , Sun Liuyang , Shi Jinwei , Li Xiaoqin , Alù Andrea 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMany naturally occurring biomolecules, such as amino acids, sugars and nucleotides, are inherently chiral. Enantiomers, a pair of chiral isomers with opposite handedness, often exhibit similar physical and chemical properties due to their identical functional groups and composition, yet show different toxicity to cells. Detecting enantiomers in small quantities has an essential role in drug development to eliminate their unwanted side effects. Here we exploit strong chiral interactions with plasmonic metamaterials with specifically designed optical response to sense chiral molecules down to zeptomole levels, several orders of magnitude smaller than what is typically detectable with conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy. In particular, the measured spectra reveal opposite signs in the spectral regime directly associated with different chiral responses, providing a way to univocally assess molecular chirality. Our work introduces an ultrathin, planarized nanophotonic interface to sense chiral molecules with inherently weak circular dichroism at visible and near-infrared frequencies.
Ice sheets as a missing source of silica to the polar oceans
Authors: Hawkings Jon R. , Wadham Jemma L. , Benning Liane G. , Hendry Katharine R. , Tranter Martyn , Tedstone Andrew , Nienow Peter , Raiswell Rob 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIce sheets play a more important role in the global silicon cycle than previously appreciated. Input of dissolved and amorphous particulate silica into natural waters stimulates the growth of diatoms. Here we measure dissolved and amorphous silica in Greenland Ice Sheet meltwaters and icebergs, demonstrating the potential for high ice sheet export. Our dissolved and amorphous silica flux is 0.20 (0.06–0.79) Tmol year−1, ∼50% of the input from Arctic rivers. Amorphous silica comprises >95% of this flux and is highly soluble in sea water, as indicated by a significant increase in dissolved silica across a fjord salinity gradient. Retreating palaeo ice sheets were therefore likely responsible for high dissolved and amorphous silica fluxes into the ocean during the last deglaciation, reaching values of ∼5.5 Tmol year−1, similar to the estimated export from palaeo rivers. These elevated silica fluxes may explain high diatom productivity observed during the last glacial–interglacial period.