bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion Reactivity, Comfort Expressing Emotions, and Future Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults
Authors: Polanco‐Roman Lillian , Moore Alyssa , Tsypes Aliona , Jacobson Colleen , Miranda Regina 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveEmotion reactivity and difficulties in expressing emotions have been implicated in risk for suicidal behavior. This study examined comfort in expressing emotions (positive vs. negative) and depressive symptoms as mediators of the prospective relation between emotion reactivity and suicidal ideation.DesignEmerging adults (N = 143; 72% female; 28% White) completed measures of emotion reactivity, comfort expressing emotions, and suicidal ideation at baseline and of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation 12 months later.ResultsEmotion reactivity predicted suicidal ideation at follow‐up through depressive symptoms. Difficulty expressing love–but not happiness, sadness, and anger–partially mediated the relationship between emotion reactivity and suicidal ideation at follow‐up before but not after adjusting for baseline ideation.ConclusionThe relation between high emotion reactivity and suicidal ideation may be explained by discomfort in the expression of positive emotions and by depressive symptoms. Promotion of comfort in positive emotion expression may reduce vulnerability to suicidal ideation.
Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions
Authors: Holeček Milan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBeta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine that has been reported to have anabolic effects on protein metabolism. The aims of this article were to summarize the results of studies of the effects of HMB on skeletal muscle and to examine the evidence for the rationale to use HMB as a nutritional supplement to exert beneficial effects on muscle mass and function in various conditions of health and disease.The data presented here indicate that the beneficial effects of HMB have been well characterized in strength‐power and endurance exercise. HMB attenuates exercise‐induced muscle damage and enhances muscle hypertrophy and strength, aerobic performance, resistance to fatigue, and regenerative capacity. HMB is particularly effective in untrained individuals who are exposed to strenuous exercise and in trained individuals who are exposed to periods of high physical stress. The low effectiveness of HMB in strength‐trained athletes could be due to the suppression of the proteolysis that is induced by the adaptation to training, which may blunt the effects of HMB. Studies performed with older people have demonstrated that HMB can attenuate the development of sarcopenia in elderly subjects and that the optimal effects of HMB on muscle growth and strength occur when it is combined with exercise. Studies performed under in vitro conditions and in various animal models suggest that HMB may be effective in treatment of muscle wasting in various forms of cachexia. However, there are few clinical reports of the effects of HMB on muscle wasting in cachexia; in addition, most of these studies evaluated the therapeutic potential of combinations of various agents. Therefore, it has not been possible to determine whether HMB was effective or if there was a synergistic effect. Although most of the endogenous HMB is produced in the liver, there are no reports regarding the levels and the effects of HMB supplementation in subjects with liver disease. Several studies have suggested that anabolic effects of HMB supplementation on skeletal muscle do not occur in healthy, non‐exercising subjects.It is concluded that (i) HMB may be applied to enhance increases in the mass and strength of skeletal muscles in subjects who exercise and in the elderly and (ii) studies examining the effects of HMB administered alone are needed to obtain conclusions regarding the specific effectiveness in attenuating muscle wasting in various muscle‐wasting disorders.
Change of left ventricular “rigid body rotation” during dipyridamole‐induced vasodilation: A case from the three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Stress Study
Authors: Nemes Attila , Szántó Gyula , Domsik Péter , Kormányos Árpád , Kalapos Anita , Ambrus Nóra , Forster Tamás 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA patient with previous coronary stenting presented with stable angina and positive exercise treadmill test. Echocardiography with three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking demonstrated left ventricular rigid body rotation (near absence of left ventricular twist), whose characteristics changed dramatically during dipyridamole‐induced vasodilatation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:152–156, 2018
Parathyroidectomy for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism: Thirty‐day morbidity and mortality
Authors: Tang Jessica A. , Salapatas Anna M. , Bonzelaar Lauren B. , Friedman Michael 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate morbidity and mortality rates for patients with different levels of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) undergoing parathyroidectomy (PTX), specifically comparing primary hyperparathyroidism to secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Assess predictive factors of increased morbidity and mortality.Study DesignRetrospective national database review.MethodsPatients undergoing PTX, defined by Current Procedural Terminology codes 60500, 60502, 60505, for the treatment of HPT, were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2006 and 2014. Incidence of morbidity and mortality was calculated for primary, secondary, and tertiary HPT. A t test, analysis of variance, and χ2 analyses were used to assess preoperative characteristics among the three groups.ResultsA total of 21,267 patients were included in the analysis. There was an overall 7.2% morbidity and mortality rate, including 45 (0.21%) deaths, a 1.8% readmission rate, and a 1.9% reoperation rate, but morbidity and mortality rates were widely divergent when comparing primary to secondary and tertiary HPT. PTX resulted in a 4.9% morbidity and mortality rate for primary HPT (n = 14,500), 26.8% morbidity and mortality rate for secondary HPT (n = 1661), and 21.8% morbidity and mortality rate for tertiary HPT (n = 588). The primary reason for readmission was hypocalcemia (18.3%). Hematoma (7.2%) and postoperative hemorrhage (3.3%) were the two most common causes of reoperation. Elevated preoperative serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and hypertension resulted in a higher rate of complications after PTX (P < .0001).ConclusionsAlthough surgery for primary HPT is an extremely common and safe procedure with minimal morbidity and mortality rates, PTX for secondary and tertiary HPT has significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality, requiring special attention in the postoperative period. Predictive factors of poor outcomes include hypertension, elevated creatinine, and elevated alkaline phosphatase.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:528–533, 2018
Depth gradient in the resource use of a fish community from a semi‐enclosed sea
Authors: Giraldo Carolina , Ernande Bruno , Cresson Pierre , Kopp Dorothée , Cachera Marie , Travers‐Trolet Morgane , Lefebvre Sébastien 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDepth is one of the environmental variables influencing the structure of marine food webs by directly or indirectly influencing benthic‐pelagic coupling and predator‐prey relationships. In shallow waters, the high degree of connectivity between pelagic and benthic networks results in complex systems with multiple interactions. Digestive tract (DT) and stable isotope (SI) analyses were used to investigate depth‐related changes in feeding patterns for 33 fish species (eastern English Channel [EEC]) collected between 5 m and 80 m depth. Fish species were first arranged into functional groups based upon trophic and habitat similarities. DTs were used to determine the general topology of the food web and SIs were used to estimate the contributions of different sources to fish diets. At the scale of the aggregated EEC food web, the main food sources for all groups were of benthic origin (> 50%). The aggregated food web was then used as a template to explore the influence of depth on resource use by predatory fish. Mixing models including depth as a continuous covariate successfully untangled and identified different feeding strategies among functional groups. In shallow waters, fish species benefited from both pelagic and benthic prey whereas, in deeper waters, they fed predominantly on either benthic or pelagic sources depending on their habitat preferences. Our results support the hypothesis of a stronger benthic‐pelagic coupling in shallow waters, notably through fish diet, and highlight the importance of including environmental factors such as depth as proxies of habitat variation to fully understand resource use and food web structure in epicontinental seas.
Patterns and drivers of benthic macrofaunal communities dwelling within extant peritidal stromatolites
Authors: Rishworth Gavin M. , Perissinotto Renzo , Bird Matthew S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetazoans contributed historically to the decline of the microbialites and continue to restrict their formation in most modern environments through grazing and burrowing pressures. Recent evidence suggests that metazoans can coexist with layered microbialites (stromatolites). However, the possible drivers of the invertebrate assemblage directly associated with these unique habitats are not well‐understood. This study measured environmental and resource variables within peritidal stromatolites along the South African coastline and related these to the infaunal metazoan community. Clitellates (Naididae and Enchtraeidae), malacostracans (Amphipoda, Isopoda and Tanaidacea), insect larvae (Chironomidae), and polychaetes (Nereididae) were the most abundant groups. The benthic macrofaunal community was most strongly related to salinity, nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus) and macroalgal cover. This suggests that the distribution of some species was restricted by physiological tolerances associated with salinity, while others responded to resource variability within the primary producer community. The absence of an apparent relationship between stromatolite microalgal biomass or composition and the metazoan community occupying the matrix indicates that the invertebrates might be relying on other primary producers as a food resource, such as macroalgae. This suggests that the benthic macrofaunal community may have a limited direct grazing effect on the stromatolite matrix, thereby not hindering the formation of its typical layered fabric.
Pitfalls in genetic testing: a case of a SNP in primer‐annealing region leading to allele dropout in BRCA1
Authors: Silva Felipe Carneiro , Torrezan Giovana Tardin , Brianese Rafael Canfield , Stabellini Raquel , Carraro Dirce Maria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundHereditary breast and ovarian cancer is characterized by mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes and PCR‐based screening techniques, such as capillary sequencing and next‐generation sequencing (NGS), are considered gold standard methods for detection of pathogenic mutations in these genes. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) constitute a vast source of variation in the human genome and represent a risk for misdiagnosis in genetic testing, since the presence of a SNP in primer‐annealing sites may cause false negative results due to allele dropout. However, few reports are available and the frequency of this phenomenon in diagnostic assays remains unknown.Methods and ResultsIn this article, we investigated the causes of a false negative capillary sequencing result in BRCA1 involving a mother‐daughter dyad. Using several molecular strategies, including different DNA polymerases, primer redesign, allele‐specific PCR and NGS, we established that the initial misdiagnosis was caused by a SNP located in the primer‐annealing region, leading to allele dropout of the mutated allele.ConclusionAssuming that this problem can also occur in any PCR‐based method that are widely used in diagnostic settings, the clinical report presented here draws attention for one of the limitations of genetic testing in general, for which medical and laboratory communities need to be aware.
Avenacosides: Metabolism, and potential use as exposure biomarkers of oat intake
Authors: Wang Pei , Yang Junli , Yerke Aaron , Sang Shengmin 
Published: May 2017

ScopeExposure biomarkers used for objective estimation of whole‐grain (WG) intake are essential for epidemiologic studies of WG consumption, however, up to now, no exposure biomarkers were developed for WG oat intake. This study investigates the potential of oat unique components, Avenacoside‐B (AVE‐B) and –A (AVE‐A), as exposure biomarkers of oat intake.Methods and resultsAnin vivostudy performed in mice and an in vitro batch fecal fermentation study were used to investigate the potential metabolic routes of AVE‐B and ‐A. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited in the human urinary pharmacokinetic study, each participant received a single dose of oat bran as breakfast, 48 h urine samples were collected at baseline and after treatment period, and AVE‐B and ‐A were quantified by LC‐MS/MS. Deglycosylation metabolic route was identified as the major metabolic path for AVE‐B and ‐A. Urinary AVE‐B and ‐A concentrations increased rapidly after oat ingestion, reached their maximum excretion rates (ERmax) fairly simultaneously within 5 h, then decreased gradually. And the mean eliminate half‐lives (T1/2) for AVE‐B and ‐A were determined as 6.22 and 4.55 h, respectively.ConclusionOat AVE‐B and ‐A have great potential to be used as specific exposure biomarkers to reflect oat intake.
Evaluation of the tumor registration error in biopsy procedures performed under real‐time PET/CT guidance
Authors: Fanchon Louise M. , Apte Adytia , Schmidtlein C. Ross , Yorke Ellen , Hu Yu‐Chi , Dogan Snjezana , Hatt Mathieu , Visvikis Dimitris , Humm John L. , Solomon Stephen B. , Kirov Assen S. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to quantify tumor displacement during real‐time PET/CT guided biopsy and to investigate correlations between tumor displacement and false‐negative results.Methods19 patients who underwent real‐time 18F‐FDG PET‐guided biopsy and were found positive for malignancy were included in this study under IRB approval. PET/CT images were acquired for all patients within minutes prior to biopsy to visualize the FDG‐avid region and plan the needle insertion. The biopsy needle was inserted and a post‐insertion CT scan was acquired. The two CT scans acquired before and after needle insertion were registered using a deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm. The DIR deformation vector field (DVF) was used to calculate the mean displacement between the pre‐insertion and post‐insertion CT scans for a region around the tip of the biopsy needle. For 12 patients one biopsy core from each was tracked during histopathological testing to investigate correlations of the mean displacement between the two CT scans and false‐negative or true‐positive biopsy results. For 11 patients, two PET scans were acquired; one at the beginning of the procedure, pre‐needle insertion, and an additional one with the needle in place. The pre‐insertion PET scan was corrected for intraprocedural motion by applying the DVF. The corrected PET was compared with the post‐needle insertion PET to validate the correction method.ResultsThe mean displacement of tissue around the needle between the pre‐biopsy CT and the postneedle insertion CT was 5.1 mm (min = 1.1 mm, max = 10.9 mm and SD = 3.0 mm). For mean displacements larger than 7.2 mm, the biopsy cores gave false‐negative results. Correcting pre‐biopsy PET using the DVF improved the PET/CT registration in 8 of 11 cases.ConclusionsThe DVF obtained from DIR of the CT scans can be used for evaluation and correction of the error in needle placement with respect to the FDG‐avid area. Misregistration between the pre‐biopsy PET and the CT acquired with the needle in place was shown to correlate with false negative biopsy results.
MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers to predict the risk of urinary retention following intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxin‐A injection
Authors: Chermansky Christopher J. , Kadow Brian T. , Kashyap Mahendra , Tyagi Pradeep 
Published: May 2017

AimsMicroRNAs (miRs) control post‐transcriptional gene expression, and this is relevant in understanding better chronic diseases and treatment outcomes. The role of miRs in the pathology and treatment outcomes of overactive bladder (OAB) is unknown. In this study, we assessed the differential expression of miRs in OAB patients responding with either normal or elevated post‐void residual volumes (PVRs) ≥200 mL following intradetrusor injection of onabotulinumtoxin‐A (onaBoNT‐A).MethodsFemale OAB patients refractory to OAB drugs were consented for this study. Cystoscopic‐guided punch bladder biopsy was obtained at the time of injection of onaBoNT‐A 100 units. The expression of 13 miR species, selected for their known effect on neurotrophin expression and smooth muscle function, was measured. PVRs and urine nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were measured at baseline and at the follow‐up visit.ResultsFourteen patients with mean age of 66 years were consented. Of these patients, nine maintained PVRs <200 mL after onaBoNT‐A injection to comprise the low PVR group. The other five patients with PVRs ≥200 mL comprised the high PVR group. The expression of miR221 and miR125b was upregulated by 11‐ and 2‐fold, respectively, in patients who responded with low PVRs after onaBoNT‐A (P < 0.05). Urine NGF levels at baseline were not different between the two groups.ConclusionsThis study suggests that deficiency in the pretreatment expression of miR221 and miR125b may predispose OAB patients to high PVRs following intradetrusor onaBoNT‐A. Additional studies are needed to better understand the role of miRs in OAB.
Pilus biogenesis of Gram‐positive bacteria: Roles of sortases and implications for assembly
Authors: Khare Baldeep , V. L. Narayana Sthanam 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSuccessful adherence, colonization, and survival of Gram‐positive bacteria require surface proteins, and multiprotein assemblies called pili. These surface appendages are attractive pharmacotherapeutic targets and understanding their assembly mechanisms is essential for identifying a new class of ‘anti‐infectives’ that do not elicit microbial resistance. Molecular details of the Gram‐negative pilus assembly are available indepth, but the Gram‐positive pilus biogenesis is still an emerging field and investigations continue to reveal novel insights into this process. Pilus biogenesis in Gram‐positive bacteria is a biphasic process that requires enzymes called pilus‐sortases for assembly and a housekeeping sortase for covalent attachment of the assembled pilus to the peptidoglycan cell wall. Emerging structural and functional data indicate that there are at least two groups of Gram‐positive pili, which require either the Class C sortase or Class B sortase in conjunction with LepA/SipA protein for major pilin polymerization. This observation suggests two distinct modes of sortase‐mediated pilus biogenesis in Gram‐positive bacteria. Here we review the structural and functional biology of the pilus‐sortases from select streptococcal pilus systems and their role in Gram‐positive pilus assembly.
Anticholinergic drug exposure is associated with delirium and postdischarge institutionalization in acutely ill hospitalized older patients
Authors: Egberts Angelique , van der Craats Saskia T. , van Wijk Melissa D. , Alkilabe Shams , van den Bemt Patricia M. L. A. , Mattace‐Raso Francesco U. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSeveral studies investigated the possible association between anticholinergic drugs and diverse clinical outcomes in older persons, but the results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anticholinergic drug exposure is associated with delirium on admission, length of hospital stay, postdischarge institutionalization and in‐hospital mortality in acutely ill hospitalized older patients. In this observational chart review study, we included acutely ill patients aged 65 and older who were admitted to the geriatric ward of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between 2012 and 2015 (n = 905). Anticholinergic drug exposure on admission was defined as the use of anticholinergic drugs, total number of anticholinergic drugs and anticholinergic drug burden score (ADB), quantified with the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale (ACB) and the list of Chew et al. (Chew). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate possible associations between anticholinergic drug exposure and the aforementioned outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, non‐anticholinergic drugs and delirium, where appropriate. Moderate and high ADB measured with the ARS were associated with delirium on admission with odds ratios (OR) of 1.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–2.49) and 1.83 (95% CI = 1.06–3.15), respectively. High ADB measured with the ARS was also associated with postdischarge institutionalization (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.24–4.75). No associations were found using the ACB and Chew. Future studies are warranted to investigate the clinical usefulness of the ARS in reducing complications in older persons.
Main predators of insect pests: screening and evaluation through comprehensive indices
Authors: Yang Tingbang , Liu Jie , Yuan Longyu , Zhang Yang , Peng Yu , Li Daiqin , Chen Jian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPredatory natural enemies play key functional roles in integrated pest management. However, the screening and evaluation of the main predators of insect pests has seldom been reported in the field. Here, we employed comprehensive indices for evaluating the predation of a common pest (Ectropis obliqua) by nine common spider species in Chinese tea plantations.RESULTSWe established the relative dominance of the spider species and their phenological overlap with the pest species, and analyzed DNA from the nine spider species using targeted real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to identify the residual DNA of E. obliqua. The predation rates and predation numbers per predator were estimated by the positive rates of target fragments and the residual minimum number of E. obliqua in predators' guts, respectively. The results showed that only four spider species preyed on E. obliqua, and the order of potential of the spiders to control E. obliqua from greatest to smallest was Neoscona mellotteei, Xysticus ephippiatus, Evarcha albaria and Coleosoma octomaculatum by the Z‐score method.CONCLUSIONThe orb‐weaving spider N. mellotteei has the maximum potential as a biological control agent of E. obliqua in an integrated pest management strategy. An approach of screening and evaluating main predators of insect pests through comprehensive indices was preliminarily established. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
An adaptive exponentially weighted moving average chart for the mean with variable sampling intervals
Authors: Tang Anan , Castagliola Philippe , Sun Jinsheng , Hu XueLong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe AEWMA control chart is an adaptive EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) type chart that combines the Shewhart and the classical EWMA schemes in a smooth way. To improve the detection performance of the FSI (fixed sampling interval) AEWMA control chart in terms of the ATS(average time to signal), this paper proposes a new VSI (variable sampling interval) AEWMA control chart. A Markov chain approach is used to calculate the ATS values of the new VSI AEWMA control chart, and comparative results show that the proposed control chart performs better than the standard FSI AEWMA control chart and than other VSI control charts over a wide range of shifts.