bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and public involvement in an evidence synthesis project: description of and reflection on involvement
Authors: Thomson Katie , Todhunter-Brown Alex , Brady Marian C. , Campbell Pauline , Dorris Liam , Hunter Susan M. , Nicolson Donald J. , Hazelton Christine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
We conducted an NIHR-funded evidence synthesis project, reviewing evidence relating to interventions for perceptual disorders following stroke. This related paper describes how people with lived experience of stroke-related perceptual disorders contributed to and influenced the project, and identifies lessons for future review projects.

Methods
We planned our patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) activities within a study protocol, described according to the domains of the ACTIVE framework; these were founded on principles for good practice in PPIE. Activities occurred across the lifespan of the project, consisting primarily of group discussions and voting to determine if there was consensus. To assess impact and individual experiences, we sought feedback using an evaluation form after each discussion, and conducted an online meeting at the end of the project to allow further reflection.

Results
We recruited five people to a Lived Experience Group, including two stroke survivors and three carers. Members attended one face-to-face meeting during the development of the review. Subsequent activities were all held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic; with six online meetings, plus email interactions. Positive impacts of the Lived Experience Group on the reviews included clear definitions of key terms, selection of outcome measures, agreement on implications of review findings, and identification of research recommendations. Key challenges identified related to the complexity of the topic and challenges in the use of new online technology as a consequence of the COVID-pandemic.

Conclusions
A number of lessons were learned during this project. Specific recommendations for future PPIE are to ensure that those involved have an opportunity to get to know one another, and to provide optional sessions to increase familiarity with online meeting software, clear explanations of the purpose of involvement and specific feedback after each activity. These lessons should be considered when planning the PPIE within future reviews.
Racial biases, facial trustworthiness, and resting heart rate variability: unravelling complexities in pain recognition
Authors: Ceccarelli Ilenia , Bagnis Arianna , Ottaviani Cristina , Thayer Julian F. , Mattarozzi Katia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study explores whether racial identity and appearance-based trustworthiness judgments can affect recognition of pain in medical students differing in levels of resting heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of parasympathetic control of the heart. After undergoing HRV assessment, 68 medical students (37 females) participated in a dynamic pain recognition task, viewing video clips of White and Black faces, which differed in perceived trustworthiness based on facial appearance, transitioning from neutral to intense pain expressions. Response time, pain intensity attribution and treatment recommendations were analyzed. Pain was recognized slower and estimated as less intense in Black compared to White faces, leading to a lower likelihood of recommending therapy. Pain recognition was faster for untrustworthy-looking White faces compared to trustworthy ones, while perceived trustworthiness had a minimal impact on the speed of pain recognition in Black faces. However, untrustworthy-looking faces were estimated to express more pain, particularly for Black faces. Notably, these biases were more pronounced in individuals with low, rather than high, resting HRV. Considering that therapeutic decisions mirrored pain intensity attribution, it would be important to increase awareness of these biases during medical training in order to promote equity in future pain assessment and treatment.
Far transfer of retrieval-practice benefits: rule-based learning as the underlying mechanism
Authors: Opitz Bertram , Kubik Veit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBenefits of self-testing for learning have been consistently shown for simple materials such as word lists learned by rote memorization. Considerably less evidence for such benefits exists for complex, more educationally relevant materials and its application to new situations. The present study explores the mechanisms underlying this transfer. To this end, a typical retrieval-practice-effect paradigm was applied to foster the learning of an artificial language. Participants either repeatedly studied grammatically correct exemplar sentences of the artificial language or engaged in a cloze test as the interim test after learning. To assess far transfer, participants in both groups of restudy and retrieval practice engaged in a grammaticality judgment test after a delay of 5 min and 1 week. In addition, participants in both groups completed a final memory test (i.e., a cloze test identical to the initial test) 1 week after learning. In addition to a long-term memory benefit of retrieval practice, results revealed also a retrieval-practice benefit in the far-transfer test after the 1-week delay. The findings further support the view that far transfer is supported by learning the underlying grammatical rules as opposed to memorizing the material. Thus, retrieval practice is also effective for fostering learning of complex materials and, even more importantly, for promoting transfer of learning—a crucial goal in modern educational practices.
Dispositional learning analytics and formative assessment: an inseparable twinship
Authors: Tempelaar Dirk , Rienties Bart , Giesbers Bas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEducational innovations, particularly those in online education and technology-enhanced learning, some accelerated by the recent pandemic, take centre stage in this journal. Examples include the resurgence of the flipped classroom methodology, supported by instructional technology, the utilization of formative assessment with technological assistance to provide effective learning feedback, and the integration of learning analytics within technology-enhanced learning. Despite empirical studies addressing these advancements individually, they tend to focus predominantly on the initial phase of learning feedback: where the learner currently stands. This paper contends that isolated depictions of formative assessment overlook the broader progress in technology-enhanced learning. Our contribution highlights the significance of dispositional learning analytics, which combines learning and learner data to offer insights into learners' current status, future trajectory, and methods to facilitate their advancement. We advocate for strengthening the integration of formative assessment data within learning analytics to fully harness their combined potential. An empirical study is presented to illustrate the predictive value of formative practice behaviour on module performance and explore the link between students' learning dispositions and their engagement with e-tutorials. By delineating student profiles based on practice behaviour and examining variations in learning dispositions, our aim is to enhance our comprehension of effectively supporting learners in technology-enhanced educational environments.
A rare occurrence of xanthine urolithiasis in siblings with Lesch–Nyhan syndrome treated with Allopurinol—a case report
Authors: Jodorkovsky Roberto , Trivedi Saloni , Rana Asama , Thomae Mitchell 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is an X-linked disorder affecting the metabolism of the purine salvage pathway leading to excessive serum uric acid production. Treatment of hyperuricemia with Allopurinol is usually effective to lower serum uric acid concentration to acceptable levels. Allopurinol blocks the conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to serum uric acid in the purine degradation pathway. The effect of Allopurinol may result in excessive buildup of xanthine, potentially resulting in urolithiasis composed of xanthine. This rare occurrence poses a unique challenge maintaining a balance between lowering hyperuricemia and preventing the development of xanthine urolithiasis. This case report includes two siblings with LNS treated with Allopurinol who developed xanthine urolithiasis.

Case description
Patients are siblings, a 22-year-old male and a 21-year-old female, with LNS diagnosed in early childhood. They both share similar manifestations of the disease and were treated with Allopurinol with an intended therapeutic window of serum uric acid levels since diagnosis. Both were prone to developing urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis, the male more than the female, regardless of the medical regimen. Uric acid and calcium levels were normal in the serum and urine. Chemical analysis of calculi eliminated by both siblings revealed xanthine stones.

Conclusions
Patients with LNS tend to develop stones composed of urate. Rarely, they can also precipitate stones composed of xanthine resulting from its buildup in serum and urine by Allopurinol. This complication should be considered in all patients undergoing treatment with Allopurinol. Careful clinical monitoring and dose adjustments of Allopurinol must balance the need to control hyperuricemia with avoiding excessive blockade of hypoxanthine.
Microscale sampling of the coral gastrovascular cavity reveals a gut-like microbial community
Authors: Bollati Elena , Hughes David J. , Suggett David J. , Raina Jean-Baptiste , Kühl Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnimal guts contain numerous microbes, which are critical for nutrient assimilation and pathogen defence. While corals and other Cnidaria lack a true differentiated gut, they possess semi-enclosed gastrovascular cavities (GVCs), where vital processes such as digestion, reproduction and symbiotic exchanges take place. The microbiome harboured in GVCs is therefore likely key to holobiont fitness, but remains severely understudied due to challenges of working in these small compartments. Here, we developed minimally invasive methodologies to sample the GVC of coral polyps and characterise the microbial communities harboured within. We used glass capillaries, low dead volume microneedles, or nylon microswabs to sample the gastrovascular microbiome of individual polyps from six species of corals, then applied low-input DNA extraction to characterise the microbial communities from these microliter volume samples. Microsensor measurements of GVCs revealed anoxic or hypoxic micro-niches, which persist even under prolonged illumination with saturating irradiance. These niches harboured microbial communities enriched in putatively microaerophilic or facultatively anaerobic taxa, such as Epsilonproteobacteria. Some core taxa found in the GVC of Lobophyllia hemprichii from the Great Barrier Reef were also detected in conspecific colonies held in aquaria, indicating that these associations are unlikely to be transient. Our findings suggest that the coral GVC is chemically and microbiologically similar to the gut of higher Metazoa. Given the importance of gut microbiomes in mediating animal health, harnessing the coral “gut microbiome” may foster novel active interventions aimed at increasing the resilience of coral reefs to the climate crisis.
Assessment of prevalence, risk factors, and neuropsychiatric symptoms of mild neurocognitive disorder among elderly in Suez Canal Area
Authors: Abdelaziz Azza Saber , Sayed Haydy Hassan , Ibrahim Omneya , Elhusseiny Aya , Tantawy Ashraf El 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Mild neurocognitive disorder is mild reduction in cognitive abilities than a previous level, requiring compensatory strategies that help maintain independence, and is associated with behavioral and psychiatric symptoms. This cross-sectional comparative study aimed to evaluate prevalence of mild neurocognitive disorder, its risk factors, and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms. It included a sample of 156 elderly people ≥ 60 years old in Suez Canal Area from geriatric homes and primary health care centers. Study tools included a semi-structured clinical interview to assess sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle risk factors, DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire.

Results
Prevalence of mild neurocognitive disorder was 37.2% in total sample with mean total score of 22.7 ± 6.1 by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. The most common subtype was amnestic multiple domain subtype (72.4%). Its predicting factors included advanced age, lower education, physical work, non-adherence to treatment, less physical activity, bone and joint disorders, and family history of cognitive impairment. The neuropsychiatric symptoms with highest scores were sleep/nighttime behavior, depression, irritability, and eating/appetite, respectively. Among the two study groups, geriatric home residents had highly significant lower cognitive scores (p < 0.001) and higher Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire scores.

Conclusion
Mild neurocognitive disorder is common among elderly people and is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms that need screening and management. Modifiable risk factors should be identified to provide interventions.
Simultaneous estimation of nebivolol hydrochloride and amlodipine besylate in human plasma employing an innovative HPLC chromatographic method
Authors: Vaditake Kaveri T. , Shirkhedkar Atul A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This study developed and validated a simple, robust, and cost-effective RP-HPLC bioanalytical method for the determination of nebivolol hydrochloride (NBH) and amlodipine besylate (AMB) in human plasma. Briefly, NBH and AMB were extracted from plasma through protein precipitation using 5% formic acid and acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Inertsil ODS-3 V column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and buffer (40:60, v/v). The analysis was conducted using UV detection at 215 nm.

Results
The bioanalytical method demonstrated linearity for NBH (4.50–180.12 μg/mL) and AMB (3.50–140.06 μg/mL). It exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity, with LLOQ responses within ≤ 20% of the analyte signal. Accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits. The extraction recovery from human plasma showed a CV (%) of 1.15% for NBH and 1.35% for AMB, indicating consistent recovery rates. Stability studies on drug-spiked human plasma at LQC and HQC levels confirmed the stability of the drugs under various conditions.

Conclusion
The present bioanalytical method successfully quantified NBH and AMB simultaneously in plasma samples. It demonstrated suitability, supported by high recovery rates and low relative standard deviations. With its proven linearity, accuracy, and precision, this technique is well suited for drug identification in plasma samples.
Evaluating adherence and inhaler monitoring among adolescent asthmatic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions
Authors: Osama Hasnaa , Alghamdi Saleh , AbdElrahman Mohamed , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Inadequate care for asthma has been linked to higher hospital admissions and morbidity. Researchers have developed several strategies to improve treatment adherence in this specific group. We aimed to investigate the impact of several interventions on the adherence of asthmatic patients to controller inhalers.

Data sources
We searched four databases (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) for studies published between 1998 and 2022.

Study selections
We considered studies that assessed adherence as the main finding of an intervention for asthma patients. Data were extracted and analyzed.

Results
The analysis included a total of 40 studies. A diverse range of interventions was identified, including educational sessions on asthma, reminders via text messages, and technology-based feedback systems. The overall efficacy of interventions compared to the control group resulted in a small effect size, but it was statistically significant, with an estimated SMD of 0.44 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.63, P < 0.001). Electronic monitoring achieved a significantly higher effect size [SMD 0.8, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.14, P < 0.001) compared to pharmacy refill and self-report methods [(SMD 0.09, 95% CI − 0.18–0.37, P = 0.51), and (SMD 0.25, 95% CI − 0.03, 0.54, P = 0.08), respectively].

Conclusions
Adherence promotion interventions have been proven effective among patients with asthma. Electronic monitoring modalities have demonstrated superiority and effectiveness in improving patient adherence to asthma inhalers. Additional longitudinal research studies can be conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and identify a more accurate measure of intervention efficiency for prolonged follow-up time.
Marine microalgae for bioremediation and waste-to-worth valorization: recent progress and future prospects
Authors: Diankristanti Priskila Adjani , Ng I-Son 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the quest for sustainable environmental solutions, marine microalgae emerge as powerful allies in bioremediation and biomass valorization endeavors. This review navigates through various facets of marine microalgae utilization, starting with isolation, screening, and identification techniques, which lay the foundation for understanding strain diversity and capabilities. Delving deeper, bioremediation mechanisms performed by marine microalgae are elucidated, showcasing the natural capacity to cleanse polluted environments via biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. Furthermore, the waste-to-worth valorization of marine microalgae is explored, with comprehensive discussions on conversions into biofuels, bioplastics, high-value products, and animal feed. As one way forward, emerging advancements in genetic engineering to enhance pollutant removal capacities are presented alongside the development of microalgae consortia and integrated waste treatment processes. This multidimensional approach highlights the ultimate potential of marine microalgae in bioremediation and biomass valorization, laying the groundwork for a sustainable future achieved by working with nature, hand-in-hand.
Mapping the pathway and support offered to children with an intellectual disability referred to specialist mental health services in the UK
Authors: Totsika Vaso , Yang Zhixing , Turner Lauren , Kohn Charmaine , Hassiotis Angela , Kennedy Eilis , Absoud Michael , McNamara Rachel , Randell Elizabeth , Levitt Sophie , Grant Gemma , Casbard Angela , Jacobs Lauris , Di Santo Cristina , Buckley Claire , Hignett Emma , Liew Ashley 
Published: October 2024

Aims and method
This survey of 66 specialist mental health services aimed to provide an up-to-date description of pathways of care and interventions available to children with an intellectual disability referred for behaviours that challenge or with suspected mental health problems.

Results
Overall, 24% of services made contact with a family at referral stage, whereas 29% contacted families at least once during the waiting list phase. Only two in ten services offered any therapeutic input during the referral or waiting list stages. During the active caseload phase, services offered mostly psychoeducation (52–59%), followed by applied behaviour analytic approaches for behaviours that challenge (52%) and cognitive–behavioural therapy (41%). Thirty-six per cent of services had not offered any packaged or named intervention in the past 12 months.

Clinical implications
With increasing waiting times for specialist mental health support, services need to consider increasing the amount of contact and therapeutic input on offer throughout all stages of a child's journey with the service.
The Sort-Assemble-Blend Routing Problem and Its Application to Semiconductors
Authors: Mason A. Nicholas , Rosenberg Rachel A. , Rash Evan A. , Kempf Karl G. 
Published: October 2024

Recent technological advances in the semiconductor industry have rapidly changed how products are designed and manufactured. Large “monolithic” designs, which integrate multiple functionalities in a single printed die, are being replaced with multidie products. To ensure the success of this transformation, it is critical to sort materials into categories and strategically build assemblies with maximum compatibility in mind. This enables manufacturing to be optimized to fulfill specific requirements for final products. However, it also means that more individual components must be managed, and decisions on how to assemble them must be made holistically. This creates a complex, nonlinear problem that combines qualities of both selective assembly and assembly routing problems. The result is named the sort-assemble-blend routing problem (SABR-P). Its solution approach is formulated using techniques including genetic algorithms, Monte Carlo simulations, linear programming, and machine learning. This framework has been successfully applied in practice, saving Intel Corporation more than $500 million thus far. It is the new standard for analyzing and optimizing Intel’s multidie products for the foreseeable future. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics Special Issue—2023 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research.
The Neurodynamics of Technically Mediated Motion: Perceptual vs. Conceptual Animation in Artworks of Nam June Paik and Bill Viola
Authors: Hayles N. Katherine 
Published: October 2024

Stillness has always been the dark other to animation’s motion, providing the foundation for motion when the frame rate reaches 24 fps. These well-known facts have recently been given an empirical foundation by neurological research into nonconscious cognition. A deeper understanding of how nonconscious process works together with conscious perception highlights the importance of recursive dynamics to animation’s effects and leads to a theoretical framework distinguishing between perceptual and recursive animation. This framework sheds light on the complex recursive dynamics that Nam June Paik explored through several of his artworks. Through the work of video artist Bill Viola, it also opens new ways to understand how stillness and motion may be seen as a continuum rather than a binary either/or perception. Together, these developments suggest that recursive dynamics constitute a relatively unexplored area within animation theory, providing a basis of rethinking the relation of theory and practice in artworks using stillness as well as motion to achieve their effects.