bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You're Probably Not Really a Speciesist
Authors: Timmerman Travis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractI defend the bold claim that self‐described speciesists are not really speciesists. Of course, I do not deny that self‐described speciesists would assent to generic speciesist claims (e.g. Humans matter more than animals). The conclusion I draw is more nuanced. My claim is that such generic speciesist beliefs are inconsistent with other, more deeply held, beliefs of self‐described speciesists. Crucially, once these inconsistencies are made apparent, speciesists will reject the generic speciesist beliefs because they are absurd by the speciesists' own lights.
Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Interim Analysis of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM)
Authors: Deer Timothy , Rauck Richard L. , Kim Philip , Saulino Michael F. , Wallace Mark , Grigsby Eric J. , Huang I‐Zu , Mori Fannie , Vanhove Geertrui F. , McDowell Gladstone C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM) evaluated long‐term effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of intrathecal ziconotide treatment in clinical practice.MethodsPatient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management was an open‐label, long‐term, multicenter, observational study of adult patients with severe chronic pain. This interim analysis (data through July 10, 2015) of ziconotide as the first vs. not first intrathecal agent in pump included change from baseline in the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS; primary efficacy measure) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores.ResultsEnrollment closed at 93 patients; data collection was ongoing at the time of this interim analysis. Fifty‐one patients (54.8%) received ziconotide as the first agent in pump (FIP+), whereas 42 (45.2%) did not (FIP−). Mean (SD) baseline NPRS scores were 7.4 (1.9) and 7.9 (1.6) in FIP+ and FIP− patients, respectively. Mean (SEM) percentage changes in NPRS scores were −29.4% (5.5%) in FIP+ patients (n = 26) and +6.4% (7.7%) in FIP− patients (n = 17) at month 6 and −34.4% (9.1%) in FIP+ patients (n = 14) and −3.4% (10.2%) in FIP− patients (n = 9) at month 12. Improvement from baseline, measured by PGIC score, was reported in 69.2% of FIP+ (n = 26) and 35.7% of FIP− (n = 14) patients at month 6 and 85.7% of FIP+ (n = 7) and 71.4% of FIP− (n = 7) patients at month 12. The most common adverse events (≥ 10% of patients overall as of the data cut) were nausea (19.6% vs. 7.1% of FIP+ vs. FIP− patients, respectively), confusional state (9.8% vs. 11.9%), and dizziness (13.7% vs. 7.1%).ConclusionsGreater improvements in efficacy outcomes were observed when ziconotide was initiated as first‐line intrathecal therapy vs. not first intrathecal agent in pump. The adverse event profile was consistent with the ziconotide prescribing information.
The jasmonic acid‐signalling and abscisic acid‐signalling pathways cross talk during one, but not repeated, dehydration stress: a non‐specific ‘panicky’ or a meaningful response?
Authors: Avramova Zoya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExperiencing diverse and recurring biotic and abiotic stresses throughout life, plants have evolved mechanisms to respond, survive and, eventually, adapt to changing habitats. The initial response to drought involves a large number of genes that are involved also in response to other stresses. According to current models, this initial response is non‐specific, becoming stress‐specific only at later time points. The question, then, is whether non‐specific activation of various stress‐signalling systems leading to the expression of numerous stress‐regulated genes is a false‐alarm (panicky) response or whether it has biologically relevant consequences for the plant. Here, it is argued that the initial activation of genes associated other stresses reflects an important event during which stress‐specific mechanisms are generated to prevent subsequent activation of non‐drought signalling pathways. How plants discriminate between a first and a repeated dehydration stress and how repression of non‐drought specific genes is achieved will be discussed on the example of jasmonic acid‐associated Arabidopsis genes activated by a first, but not subsequent, dehydration stresses. Revealing how expression of various biotic/abiotic stress responding genes is prevented under recurring drought spells may be critical for our understanding of how plants respond to dynamically changing environments.
Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument UV Satellite Data Using Spectral and Broadband Surface Based Measurements at a Queensland Site
Authors: A Jebar Mustapha A. , Parisi Alfio V. , Downs Nathan J. , Turner Joanna F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis research reconstructed and validated the broadband UVA irradiances derived from discrete spectral irradiance data retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite from 1 January to 31 December 2009. OMI data at solar noon were compared to ground‐based spectral irradiances at Toowoomba (27°36′ S 151°55′ E), Australia, at 310, 324 and 380 nm for both cloud‐free and all sky conditions. There was a strong relationship between the ground‐based UV spectroradiometer data and satellite‐based measurements with an R2 of 0.89 or better in each waveband for cloud‐free days. The data show an overestimate of the satellite‐derived spectral irradiances compared to the ground‐based data. The models developed for the subtropical site data account for this overestimation and are essential for any data correlation between satellite‐ and ground‐based measurements. Additionally, this research has compared solar noon broadband UVA irradiances evaluated with a model and the discrete satellite spectral irradiances for the solar noon values of cloud‐free days to those measured with a ground‐based UVA radiometer. An R2 of 0.86 was obtained confirming that for cloud‐free days the broadband UVA can be evaluated from the OMI satellite spectral irradiances.
Tspan33 is Expressed in Transitional and Memory B Cells, but is not Responsible for High ADAM10 Expression
Authors: Pérez‐Martínez C. A. , Maravillas‐Montero J. L. , Meza‐Herrera I. , Vences‐Catalán F. , Zlotnik A. , Santos‐Argumedo L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTetraspanins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form membrane microdomains. They play important roles in migration, adhesion and other cellular processes. TspanC8, a subfamily of tetraspanins, was found to associate and promote ADAM10 trafficking and cell surface localization. One of its members, Tspan33, is expressed in activated B cells. Using RT‐PCR and flow cytometry, we analysed the pattern of expression of Tspan33 in B cells from healthy donors. We found Tspan33 expression in early and late stages of B cell development. However, Tspan33 expression did not correlate with ADAM10 surface expression. We also found expression of Tspan33 early in the activation process. Given its predominant expression in activated B cells and in several lymphomas, but not in naive B cells, we hypothesize that Tspan33 could be a potential target for therapeutic purposes.
Exposure–response relationship of neighbourhood sanitation and children's diarrhoea
Authors: Jung Youngmee Tiffany , Lou Wendy , Cheng Yu‐Ling 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association of neighbourhood sanitation coverage with under‐five children's diarrhoeal morbidity and to evaluate its exposure–response relationship.MethodsWe used the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 29 developing countries in sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia, conducted between 2010 and 2014. The primary outcome was two‐week incidence of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age (N = 269014). We conducted three‐level logistic regression analyses and applied cubic splines to assess the trend between neighbourhood‐level coverage of improved household sanitation and diarrhoeal morbidity.ResultsA significant association between neighbourhood‐level coverage of improved household sanitation and diarrhoeal morbidity (OR [95% CI] = 0.68 [0.62–0.76]) was found. Exposure‐relationship analyses results showed improved sanitation coverage threshold at 0.6. We found marginal degree of association (OR [95% CI] = 0.82 [0.77–0.87]) below the threshold, which, beyond the threshold, sharply increased to OR of 0.44 (95% CI: 0.29–0.67) at sanitation coverage of 1 (i.e. neighbourhood‐wide use of improved household sanitation). Similar exposure–response trends were identified for urban and rural subgroups.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that neighbourhood sanitation plays a key role in reducing diarrhoeal diseases and that increase in sanitation coverage may only have minimal impact on diarrhoeal illness, unless sufficiently high coverage is achieved.
Timing of organic carbon release from mountain pine beetle impacted ponderosa pine forests in South Dakota
Authors: Vik Erik S. , Sieverding Heidi L. , Punsal Jesse J. , Kenner Scott J. , Kunza Lisa A. , Stone James J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe decay of mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) affected ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests has increased organic carbon (OC) loading within the Rapid Creek watershed in the Black Hills of South Dakota, with total OC (TOC) concentrations up to 6.2 mg L−1 observed in 2015. The impacts of large‐scale tree mortality on water quality were delayed. OC concentrations in the watershed correlated with recent MPB impact stage progression. Regional ponderosa pine forests that were 3 and 6 years after MPB infection (grey and snagfall phases) exhibited increased OC loading within the Rapid Creek watershed. A better understanding of regional watershed response patterns for MPB tree mortality may assist with mitigating ancillary water quality impacts.
Frailty as a Predictor of Future Fracture in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Wei , Chang Shu‐Fang , Lin Pei‐Ling 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies have identified frailty as an effective predictor of fracture; however, the correlation between frailty and fracture differs between various stages of frailty.ObjectivesThe main aim is to determine the correlation between various stages of frailty and fracture risk; a secondary purpose is to determine the correlation between subgroups (e.g., females, females with a hip fracture, or aged 65 years or older) within the stages of frailty and fracture risk. Finally, effect of frailty criteria on the association between stages of frailty and fracture risk was tested.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) a prospective study design; (b) subjects aged 55 years or older; (c) a division into robust, prefrail, and frail groups; and (d) reported confidence intervals of hazard ratio. Two investigators independently assessed quality and discussed their findings to reach consensus. The quality of the literature was assessed and the level of evidence was also determined.ResultsIn total, five studies included 103,783 older people and recorded 2,960 fractures. The results identified that the risk of fracture in the frail people was higher than that in both the robust people (summary HR: 1.67; 95% CI [1.46–1.91]) and prefrail people (summary HR: 1.28; 95% CI [1.16–1.40], and that the risk of fracture in the prefrail people was higher than that in the robust people (summary HR: 1.30; 95% CI [1.20–1.41]). A subgroup analysis revealed that among female adults, older females with hip fracture, or those aged 65 years or more, those who were categorized as frail showed the highest fracture risk, followed by those who were categorized as prefrail.Linking Evidence to ActionProfessional nurses caring for frail or prefrail people should actively develop fracture prevention measures to reduce the risk of death caused by fractures.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: April 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 5Abdulhamit Cakir, TurkeyAnne M. Hornak, Central Michigan University, USAArlene Kent-Wilkinson, University of Saskatchewan, CanadaChosang Tendhar, Baylor College of Medicine, USACynthia M. Compton, Wingate University, USADavid A. Compton, Wingate University, USADerya Çelik, Karadeniz Technical University, TurkeyDuygu Turkoglu, TurkeyEnisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyErcan Gür, Fırat University, TurkeyErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAEsra Gecikli, TurkeyGulgun Sertkaya, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJeyavel Sundaramoorthy, Gulbarga University Campus, IndiaLaima Kyburiene, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, LithuaniaLisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMaria Pavlis Korres, Hellenic Open University, GreeceMarieke van der Schaaf, Utrecht University, The NetherlandsMatthews Tiwaone Mkandawire, Central China Normal University, MalawiMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMin Gui, Wuhan University, ChinaMustafa Çakır, Marmara Üniversity, TurkeyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanÖzgün Uyanik, Afyon Kocatepe University, TurkeyPirkko Siklander, University of Lapland, FinlandRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSelin Cenberci, NEU, TurkeySelma Civar, Süleyman Demirel University, TurkeySimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalyThomas K. F. Chiu, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongTuğba Horzum, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeyVeronica Rosa, University Rome, ItalyYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, TurkeyYi Lu, American Institute for Research, USAYücel Gelişili, Gazi University, TurkeyZachary Wahl-Alexander, Northern Illinois University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Long-Term Persistence of Cell-Mediated and Humoral Responses to A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza Virus Vaccines and the Role of the AS03 Adjuvant System in Adults during Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: van der Most Robbert G. , Clément Frédéric , Willekens Julie , Dewé Walthère , Walravens Karl , Vaughn David W. , Leroux-Roels Geert 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

We investigated the role of AS03
A
(here AS03), an α-tocopherol oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvant system, on the long-term persistence of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccines. In two studies, a total of 261 healthy adults (≤60 years old) were randomized to receive two doses of AS03-adjuvanted vaccine containing 3.75 μg of hemagglutinin (HA) or nonadjuvanted vaccine containing 15 μg of hemagglutinin (in study A) or 3.75 μg of hemagglutinin (in study B) 21 days apart. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody, memory B-cell, and CD4
+
/CD8
+
T-cell responses were characterized up to 1 year following dose 1. We also assessed the effects of age and seasonal influenza vaccination history. AS03-adjuvanted (3.75 μg HA) vaccine and nonadjuvanted vaccine at 15 μg but not at 3.75 μg HA elicited HI antibody responses persisting at levels that continued to meet European licensure criteria through month 12. At month 12, the geometric mean titer for AS03-adjuvanted vaccine was similar to that for nonadjuvanted (15-μg) vaccine in study A (1:86 and 1:88, respectively) and higher than that for nonadjuvanted (3.75-μg) vaccine in study B (1:77 and 1:35, respectively). A(H1N1)pdm09-specific CD4
+
T-cell and B-cell responses were stronger in AS03-adjuvanted groups and persisted only in these groups for 12 months at levels exceeding prevaccination frequencies. Advancing age and a seasonal vaccination history tended to reduce HI antibody and memory B-cell responses and, albeit less consistently, CD4
+
T-cell responses. Thus, AS03 seemed to enhance the persistence of humoral and cell-mediated responses to A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine, allowing for antigen sparing and mitigating potential negative effects of age and previous seasonal vaccination. (These studies have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00968539 and NCT00989287.)
Population Dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus in Cystic Fibrosis Patients To Determine Transmission Events by Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Ankrum Andrea , Hall Barry G. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Strict infection control practices have been implemented for health care visits by cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in an attempt to prevent transmission of important pathogens. This study used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to determine strain relatedness and assess population dynamics of
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates from a cohort of CF patients as assessed by strain relatedness. A total of 311
S. aureus
isolates were collected from respiratory cultures of 115 CF patients during a 22-month study period. Whole-genome sequencing was performed, and using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, phylogenetic trees were assembled to determine relatedness between isolates. Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) phenotypes were predicted using PPFS2 and compared to the observed phenotype. The accumulation of SNPs in multiple isolates obtained over time from the same patient was examined to determine if a genomic molecular clock could be calculated. Pairs of isolates with ≤71 SNP differences were considered to be the “same” strain. All of the “same” strain isolates were either from the same patient or siblings pairs. There were 47 examples of patients being superinfected with an unrelated strain. The predicted MRSA phenotype was accurate in all but three isolates. Mutation rates were unable to be determined because the branching order in the phylogenetic tree was inconsistent with the order of isolation. The observation that transmissions were identified between sibling patients shows that WGS is an effective tool for determining transmission between patients. The observation that transmission only occurred between siblings suggests that
Staphylococcus aureus
acquisition in our CF population occurred outside the hospital environment and indicates that current infection prevention efforts appear effective.
Serologic Testing for Zika Virus: Comparison of Three Zika Virus IgM-Screening Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays and Initial Laboratory Experiences
Authors: Granger Dane , Hilgart Heather , Misner Lori , Christensen Jaime , Bistodeau Sarah , Palm Jennifer , Strain Anna K. , Konstantinovski Marja , Liu Dakai , Tran Anthony , Theel Elitza S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Serologic evaluation for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection currently includes an initial screen using an anti-ZIKV IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) followed by supplemental testing of specimens with nonnegative results by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). We compared the performance characteristics of three ELISAs for the detection of IgM class antibodies to ZIKV, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Zika MAC-ELISA, the InBios ZIKV
Detect
MAC-ELISA, and the Euroimmun anti-Zika Virus IgM ELISA. Additionally, we present our initial experiences with ZIKV serologic testing from a national reference laboratory perspective. Using both retrospectively and prospectively collected specimens from patients with possible ZIKV infection, we show that the CDC and InBios MAC-ELISAs perform comparably to each other, with positive agreement, negative agreement, and interrater kappa values ranging from 87.5% to 93.1%, 95.7% to 98.5%, and 0.52 to 0.83, respectively. In contrast, comparison of the Euroimmun ZIKV ELISA to either the CDC or InBios MAC-ELISAs resulted in positive agreement, negative agreement, and interrater kappa values ranging from 17.9% to 42.9%, 91.7% to 98.6%, and 0.10 to 0.39, respectively. Among the 19 prospective samples submitted for PRNT, nine were negative, eight specimens had neutralizing antibodies to a flavivirus (unable to be identified), and one sample each was confirmed for ZIKV or dengue virus infection. This study highlights the ongoing challenges associated with serologic diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Although the availability of a commercial serologic test for ZIKV has greatly expanded the national capacity for such testing, the need to further characterize and improve these assays, particularly with regard to specificity, remains.
The value of different aspects of person-centred care: a series of discrete choice experiments in people with long-term conditions
Authors: Burton Christopher D , Entwistle Vikki A , Elliott Alison M , Krucien Nicolas , Porteous Terry , Ryan Mandy 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo measure the value the patients place on different aspects of person-centred care.DesignWe systematically identified four attributes of person-centred care. We then measured their value to 923 people with either chronic pain or chronic lung disease over three discrete choice experiments (DCEs) about services to support self-management. We calculated the value of each attribute for all respondents and identified groups of people with similar preferences using latent class modelling.SettingDCEs conducted online via a commercial survey company.ParticipantsAdults with either chronic pain (two DCEs, n=517 and 206, respectively) or breathlessness due to chronic respiratory disease (n=200).ResultsParticipants were more likely to choose services with higher level person-centred attributes. They most valued services that took account of a person’s current situation likelihood of selection increased by 16.9% (95% CI=15.4 to 18.3) and worked with the person on what they wanted to get from life (15.8%; 14.5 to 17.1). More personally relevant information was valued less than these (12.3%; 11.0 to 13.6). A friendly and personal communicative style was valued least (3.8%; 2.7 to 4.8). Latent class models indicated that a substantial minority of participants valued personally relevant information over the other attributes.ConclusionThis is the first study to measure the value patients place on different aspects of person-centred care. Professional training needs to emphasise the substance of clinical communication—working responsively with individuals on what matters to them—as well as the style of its delivery.