bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) With Diverse Urban Adults: Before and After Data on Perceived Acceptability, Barriers, and Ease of Use
Authors: Zenk Shannon N. , Schulz Amy J. , Odoms-Young Angela M. , Wilbur JoEllen , Matthews Stephen , Gamboa Cindy , Wegrzyn Lani R. , Hobson Susan , Stokes Carmen 
Published: August 2016

Background:Global positioning systems (GPS) have emerged as a research tool to better understand environmental influences on physical activity. This study examined the feasibility of using GPS in terms of perceived acceptability, barriers, and ease of use in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of lower socioeconomic position (SEP).Methods:Data were from 2 pilot studies involving a total of 170 African American, Hispanic, and White urban adults with a mean (standard deviation) age of 47.8 (±13.1) years. Participants wore a GPS for up to 7 days. They answered questions about GPS acceptability, barriers (wear-related concerns), and ease of use before and after wearing the GPS.Results:We found high ratings of GPS acceptability and ease of use and low levels of wear-related concerns, which were maintained after data collection. While most were comfortable with their movements being tracked, older participants (P < .05) and African Americans (P < .05) reported lower comfort levels. Participants who were younger, with higher education, and low incomes were more likely to indicate that the GPS made the study more interesting (P < .05). Participants described technical and wear-related problems, but few concerns related to safety, loss, or appearance.Conclusions:Use of GPS was feasible in this racially/ethnically diverse, lower SEP sample.
Perceived Environmental Physical Activity Correlates Among Asian Pacific Islander Americans
Authors: Bungum Timothy J. , Landers Merrill , Azzarelli Maria , Moonie Sheniz 
Published: August 2016

Background:Little is known about correlates of physical activity of Asian and Asian-Pacific Islander Americans (AAPI). Knowledge of these correlates could be useful in promoting physical activity. Purpose: to identify demographic and environmental correlates of physical activity among AAPI.Methods:Participants resided in the Las Vegas, Nevada area, and completed a 52-item telephone administered questionnaire that assessed physical activity behavior, environmental supports for physical activity and demographic factors. Environmental factors included the presence of neighborhood sidewalks, park availability, and nearby grocery stores were combined to create the variable “environmental physical activity supports” (EPAS). Neighborhood crime, pleasantness of the neighborhood for walking, and the presence of loose dogs combined to form “neighborhood safety.” Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of physical activity. Potential predictors included age, gender, BMI, employment, educational attainment, neighborhood safety, and EPAS.Results:263 respondents completed the survey. With the exception of living near a grocery store, respondents reported residing in neighborhoods that are generally supportive of physical activity. However, EPAS was the sole significant predictor of physical activity behavior (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.06–2.17). Age and educational attainment unexpectedly failed to predict physical activity.Conclusions:Supportive physical activity environments associate with physical activity behavior among AAPI.
Step-Defined Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged Japanese: The National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006
Authors: Inoue Shigeru , Ohya Yumiko , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Yoshiike Nobuo , Shimomitsu Teruichi 
Published: August 2016

Background:Pedometers are becoming widely accepted for physical activity measurement. To use step data effectively, an index which categorizes steps/day by < 5000, ≥ 5000, ≥ 7500, ≥ 10,000, and ≥ 12,500 steps/day has been previously proposed. However, evidence is insufficient to validate this index compared with health outcomes. This study examined the association of steps/day categories with cardiovascular (CVD) risk.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006, including 1166 men and 1453 women aged 40–64 years, were analyzed to calculate odds ratios (OR) for having CVD risk including overweight/obesity, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and clustered risk factors by steps/day categories.Results:Among men, inverse gradient associations between steps/day categories and CVD risk (overweight/obesity, blood pressure, HbA1c, and clustered risk factors) were observed. Among women, those taking ≥ 5000 steps/day had substantially lower risk of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure compared with those taking < 5000 steps/day. However, additional decreases of OR by taking more steps were modest among women.Conclusions:CVD risk was generally lower with higher steps/day categories. Given the limitations of cross-sectional design, further studies, especially using longitudinal designs, are needed to precisely calibrate the association between steps/day and CVD risk.
Peak Stepping Cadence in Free-Living Adults: 2005–2006 NHANES
Authors: Tudor-Locke Catrine , Brashear Meghan M. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Johnson William D. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Analysis of the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) accelerometer data provides the descriptive epidemiology of peak 30-minute cadence (defined as the average steps/min recorded for the 30 highest, but not necessarily consecutive, minutes in a day) and peak 1-minute cadence (defined as the steps/min recorded for the highest single minute in a day) by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI).Methods:Minute-by-minute step data were rank ordered each day to identify the peak 30-minute and 1-minute cadences for 3522 adults (20+ years of age) with complete sex, age, and BMI data and at least 1 valid day (ie, 10/24 hours of accelerometer wear) of accelerometer data. Peak values were averaged across days within participants by sex, age, and BMI-defined categories.Results:U.S. adults average a peak 30-minute cadence of 71.1 (men: 73.7, women: 69.6, P < .0001) steps/min and a peak 1-minute cadence of 100.7 (men: 100.9, women: 100.5, P = .54) steps/min. Both peak cadence indicators displayed significant and consistent declines with age and increasing levels of obesity.Conclusions:Peak cadence indicators capture the highest intensity execution of naturally occurring ambulatory activity. Future examination of their relationship with health parameters using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention designs is warranted.
Overload Injury of the Knees with Resistance-Exercise Overtraining: A Case Study
Authors: Fry Andrew C. , Kraemer William J. , Lynch James M. , Barnes Jason M. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To report a joint-centered mechanism of performance decrements caused by overtraining.Design:Case study.Setting:Laboratory-induced overtraining.Participants:Eleven weight-trained men, 1 (subject A) with overload injury of the knees.Intervention:High-intensity squat resistance-exercise overtraining for 2 weeks.Outcome Measures:1RM lower-body strength, isokinetic and isometric knee-extension strength, and stimulated isometric knee-extension strength.Results:Subject A’s 1RM strength decreased 40.3 kg, and the other overtrained subjects (OT) exhibited significant (P< .05) 1RM decrements (x= –9.3 kg). Isokinetic knee-extension strength decreased for all subjects. For the OT group, voluntary isometric knee-extension strength did not change and stimulated isometric knee-extension strength decreased. Subject A exhibited increased values for both these variables.Discussion:These data indicate that muscle strength was attenuated for subject A only during dynamic activity. It is theorized that subject A exhibited a joint-centered overtraining syndrome, with afferent inhibition from the affected joints impairing dynamic strength.
Flexibility Retention 3 Weeks after a 5-Day Training Regime
Authors: Rubley Mack D , Brucker Jody B , Knight Kenneth L , Ricard Mark D , Draper David O 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To determine the retention of flexibility 25 days after 5 days of three 30-second stretches.Design:A 2 × 4 repeated-measures factorial. Treatment and time were independent variables. The dependent variable was flexibility as measured by a sit-and-reach box.Measurements:33 college students were tested before and after stretching for 5 consecutive days and without stretching on days 8 and 30. Control subjects were prone for 15 minutes; stretch subjects received 15 min of diathermy or sham diathermy and then performed three 30-second standing right-hamstring stretches.Results:Flexibility was greater on days 5, 8, and 30 than day 1, but days 5, 8, and 30 were not different from each other.Conclusion:Gains in flexibility are retained for at least 3 weeks after a stretching program. It also appears that 2 sets of 3 repetitions of a sit-and-reach test is sufficient stimulus to induce long-term flexibility gains.
Lower-Extremity-Joint Cryotherapy Does Not Affect Vertical Ground-Reaction Forces during Landing
Authors: Jameson Andrew G , Kinzey Stephen J , Hallam Jeffrey S 
Published: August 2016

Context:Cryotherapy is commonly used in the care of acute and chronic injuries. It decreases pain, reduces swelling, and causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels. Its detrimental effects on motor activity might predispose physically active individuals to further injury.Objective:To examine the effects of cryotherapy on vertical-ground-reaction-force (VGRF) during a 2-legged landing from a 2-legged targeted vertical jump.Design:2 × 4 MANOVA with repeated measures.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:10 men, means: 22.40 ± 1.26 years, 76.01 ± 26.95 kg, 182.88 ± 6.88 cm.Intervention:VGRF during landing from a targeted vertical jump (90% of maximum) was measured before and after four 20-minute cryotherapy treatments.Results:There were no significant differences in VGRF as a result of cryotherapy.Conclusion:Under the constraints of this study there is no evidence that returning to activity immediately after cryotherapy predisposes an athlete to injury because of a change in VGRF.
Rear-Foot Motion in Soccer Players with Excessive Pronation under 4 Experimental Conditions
Authors: Sandrey Michelle A , Zebas Carole J , Bast Joseph D 
Published: August 2016

Context:Soccer is a sport that includes running in several different directions. For this reason, it is important for the shoe to control the motion of the foot.Objective:This study was undertaken to compare rear-foot motion in high school soccer players with excessive pronation under the experimental conditions of barefoot (BF), experimental shoe (ESS), experimental shoe with arch support (ESSAS), and the experimental shoe with pronated lacing technique (ESSPLT).Design:1 × 4 factorial.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:20 male and female subjects with excessive pronation in both feet (N = 40) as determined by navicular height and arch index.Interventions:The subjects were filmed with a 2D Peak Performance video system as they ran a specified course. Rear-foot motion was determined by rear-foot angle measurements from the point of foot-fat to heel off.Main Outcomes Measures:There would be a difference with rear-foot motion between the three experimental conditions.Results:Results of the study indicated significant (P ≤ .05) differences between the conditions of BF and ESS, BF and ESSAS, BF and ESSPLT, and ESS and ESSPLT.Conclusions:In the experimental conditions, the shoe with the pronated lacing technique was superior in its effectiveness to control rear-foot motion.
A Comparative Analysis of Selected Ankle Orthoses during Functional Tasks
Authors: Yaggie James A. , Kinzey Stephen J. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Ankle bracing has been used for many years in an attempt to prevent lateral ligamentous injuries of the ankle by restricting joint range of motion (ROM).Objective:To examine the influence of ankle bracing on ROM and sport-related performance.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:30 volunteers. None reported ankle trauma within 2 years preceding the study or had other orthopedic conditions that would have affected physical performance.Intervention:Three brace conditions (McDavid A101™, Perform-8™ Lateral Stabilizer) were assessed during performance of the vertical jump and shuttle run.Main Outcome Measures:shuttle-run time, vertical jump height, inversion, and plantar flexion ROM.Results:Both braces restricted plantar flexion and inversion ROM and caused no change in shuttle-run time or vertical jump height.Conclusions:Our results indicate that bracing the ankle joint increases external lateral support to the joint without significantly restricting functional ability.
Adherence to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Pizzari Tania , McBurney Helen , Taylor Nicholas F. , Feller Julian A. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To investigate the subjective experience of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation and identify variables that influence adherence as perceived by ACL-reconstructed patients.Design:A qualitative study using in-depth interviews to gather data and thematic coding to analyze findings.Setting:Participants were interviewed at home or in their workplace.Participants:Eleven patients were interviewed at an average of 4.8 months (SD = 0.8) after ACL reconstruction.Results:Using thematic coding of the interview data, 3 categories of variables influencing adherence emerged: environmental factors, physical factors, and psychological factors. Variables specifically affecting adherence to home exercise were perceived lack of time and a lack of self-motivation. Fear of reinjury emerged as a significant consideration for those who were nonadherent. Factors such as therapist support, the rehabilitation clinic, and the progression of exercises were identified as being important for attendance at physiotherapy appointments and adherence during appointments.
Gluteus Medius Activity during Isometric Closed-Chain Hip Rotation
Authors: Schmitz Randy J. , Riemann Bryan L. , Thompson Timothy 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To determine whether gluteus medius (GM) activity increases in response to isometric closed-chain external hip rotation.Design:Subjects performed single-leg stances in 3 different conditions: 0° knee flexion, 0° hip flexion (C1); 0° knee flexion, 20° hip flexion (C2); and knee flexed 20–30°, 20° hip flexion (C3). Posteriorly directed forces of 8.9 N (F1), 17.8 N (F2), and 26.7 N (F3) were applied at the lateral pelvis of the nonstance side during each condition.Subjects:20 college students.Measurements:Surface EMG RMS amplitude from the GM and kinematic data from the trunk, hip, and knee.Results:Statistical analyses revealed a significant Condition 3 Force interaction and significant increases of EMG activity from C1F1 and C1F2 to C1F3 and from C3F1 to C3F2 and C3F3. F2 and F3 of C2 were significantly less than F2 and F3 of both C1 and C3.Conclusions:GM activity increases in response to isometric, closed-chain, external hip-rotation forces, and forward movement of the upper body with respect to the base of support decreases GM activity.
Unilateral Multiaxial Coordination Training and Ankle Kinesthesia, Muscle Strength, and Postural Control
Authors: Riemann Bryan L. , Tray Nancy Caggiano , Lephart Scott M. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:To determine the physiological adaptations that might occur with a 4-week unilateral multiaxial training program in lower leg kinesthesia, peak torque, and postural control.Study Design:True experimental pretest-posttest control-group design.Setting:Research laboratory.Subjects:26 healthy, active subjects (14 men, 12 women).Interventions:Subjects were assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group performed multiaxial coordination training 3 days/wk for 4 weeks.Main Outcome Measures:Both groups were tested 3 times, pretest and 2 and 4 weeks after training was initiated. Outcome measures included conscious appreciation of ankle kinesthesia, eversion and dorsiflexion isokinetic peak torque, and static and functional postural control.Results:Results revealed a significant Group × Test interaction only for inversion kinesthesia.Conclusions:Four weeks of multiaxial coordination training did not significantly improve any of the dependent variables in healthy individuals. Further research should consider the effects of such a program on injured subjects.
Functional Effects of Inertial Training of the Upper Extremity
Authors: McLoda Todd A. , Murphy Kate M. , Davison Steve 
Published: August 2016

Context:Inertial training of the shoulder.Objective:To determine the differences of functional and EMG measures between a control group and an exercise group of overhead throwers.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:17 intercollegiate baseball players and 19 intercollegiate softball players divided into 2 equal-size groups, control and exercise.Main Outcome Measures:Preliminary data were recorded, including throwing velocity, throwing accuracy, and EMG activity of the biceps brachii, upper pectorals, and posterior deltoid. The exercise group completed a 4-week training regimen on the Impulse Inertial Trainer. All participants returned for follow-up measures.Results:No significant group-by-time interaction occurred relative to ball velocity, accuracy, or EMG activity.Conclusion:For experienced throwers, functional measures and muscle activity during throwing were not affected by inertial training of the upper extremity.
Velocities and Accelerations of Body Parts during Standing: Association with Visual Information
Authors: Kejonen Pirjo , Kauranen Kari , Niinimaa Ahti , Vanharanta Heikki 
Published: August 2016

Context:Balance evaluation and training are typically included in rehabilitation after sport injuries.Objective:To evaluate and compare the maximal velocities and accelerations of balancing movements during 2-leg stance with eyes open and closed. The effect of age on the measured values was also evaluated.Design:Cross-sectional study.Participants:100 healthy, randomly selected subjects (50 men, 50 women; age 31–80 years).Setting:Body-movement values were measured with the Mac Reflex motion-analysis system.Intervention:Subjects stood barefoot.Main Outcome Measures:ANOVAs were used to explain the body movements. The location of measurement, presence or absence of vision, and subjects’ age and gender were used as explanatory variables.Results:With eyes closed, all measured body parts had significantly higher maximal velocity and acceleration values than with eyes open. Age seemed to affect the acceleration values.Conclusion:Visual information was found to significantly influence movement values. Exercises should be done under various conditions to improve standing balance abilities.
Using Lunge Measurements for Baseline Fitness Testing
Authors: Crill Matthew T. , Kolba Christopher P. , Chleboun Gary S. 
Published: August 2016

Context:The lunge is commonly used to assess lower extremity strength, flexibility, and balance, yet few objective data exist on it.Objectives:To determine the reliability of the lunge test, determine whether there are gender differences associated with it, and study the relationships between lunge distance and height and leg length.Design:Single-factor repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:57: 29 men, 28 women.Main Outcome Measures:Anterior lunge (AL) and lateral lunge (LL) distance, height, and leg length (cm).Results:LL distance (131.3 ± 12.3) is significantly greater than AL distance (113.7 ± 17.2) in men and in women (LL 113.6 ± 10.5, AL 96.6 ± 11.1). There was no significant correlation for height or leg length to any lunge measurement in men or women.Conclusion:The lunge can be used as a reliable test to measure lower extremity function. Right- and left-leg lunge distances should not differ, and LL will always be greater than AL.
Hot-Pack Warming in 4- and 8-Pack Hydrocollator® Units
Authors: Kaiser David A. , Knight Kenneth L. , Huff Jeremy M. , Jutte Lisa S. , Carlson Preston 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To determine the time needed to heat hot packs to water temperature (73–75 °C) in 4- and 8-pack Hydrocollator® units.Design and Setting:A 2 × 2 factorial design, with heating unit (4- or 8-pack) and number of packs added (1 or 3/7) as independent variables. Dependent variables were hot-pack and Hydrocollator-water temperatures.Measurements:Temperatures were measured with type T thermocouples interfaced with a 16-channel Isothermex™. Hydrocollator temperatures were measured with 2 thermocouples, and hot-pack temperatures, with 6 thermocouples inserted in 6 cells of a hydrated, 10- by 12-in Hydrocollator pack. Temperature was measured every 30 s for 5 min before and 45 min after pack immersion.Results:Packs warmed rapidly from ~18 to 65–68 °C by 10 min and to 72.5–75 °C by 20 min. Heating slowed by ~5% when 7 packs were added to the large unit. Water temperatures decreased ~2 °C (from ~75 °C) after 7 packs were immersed and returned to preimmersion temperatures by 20 min.Conclusions:Rewarming is quicker than commonly believed (20–150 min) and might be a function of the number of packs being simultaneously warmed.
Six Weeks of Strength and Proprioception Training Does Not Affect Muscle Fatigue and Static Balance in Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Powers Michael E. , Buckley Bernadette D. , Kaminski Thomas W. , Hubbard Tricia J. , Ortiz Cindy 
Published: August 2016

Context:The combined effects of strength and proprioception training, especially in individuals with ankle instability, have not been studied extensively.Objective:To examine the influence of 6 weeks of strength and proprioception training on measures of muscle fatigue and static balance in those with unilateral functional ankle instability (FAI).Design:Pretest–posttest, randomized groups.Setting:A climate-controlled sports-medicine research laboratory.Subjects:38 subjects with self-reported unilateral FAI.Measurements:Muscle fatigue was determined using the median power frequency (fmed) from an electromyographic signal, and static balance was assessed using center-of-pressure values obtained from a triaxial force plate.Results:There were no significant effects of the strength or proprioception training on our measures of muscle fatigue and static balance.Conclusions:Strength training, proprioception training, and the combination of the 2 failed to improve postural-stability characteristics in a group of subjects with FAI.
Effects of Vascular Occlusion on Surface Electromyography and Muscle Oxygenation during Isometric Contraction
Authors: Yamada Eiji , Kusaka Takashi , Tanaka Satoshi , Mori Satoshi , Norimatsu Hiromichi , Itoh Susumu 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To investigate changes in motor-unit activity and muscle oxygenation (MO) during isometric contraction with and without vascular occlusion using surface electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy.Design and Setting:MO and EMG of the right vastus medialis muscle were measured during isometric contraction at 30%, 50%, and 70% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), with and without vascular occlusion.Participants:6 healthy men.Results:Integrated EMG (IEMG) and mean power frequency were significantly higher with vascular occlusion at 30% and 50% MVC. MO reduction at each load was significantly lower with vascular occlusion. A significant positive correlation was found between IEMG and changes in MO level under both conditions.Conclusions:These results suggest that oxygen supply to active muscles was impaired by occlusion and that type II fibers were then preferentially recruited, which suggests that hypertrophy occurs in low-intensity exercise in patients with limitations resulting from advanced age, pain, or postsurgery limitation.