bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSPORT OF HELIUM PICKUP IONS WITHIN THE FOCUSING CONE: RECONCILING STEREO OBSERVATIONS WITH IBEX
Authors: Quinn P. R. , Schwadron N. A. , Möbius E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of the pickup helium focusing cone by STEREO/Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition indicate an inflow longitude of the interstellar wind that differs from the observations of IBEX by

. It has been under debate whether the transport of helium pickup ions with an anisotropic velocity distribution is the cause of this difference. If so, the roughly field-aligned pickup ion streaming relative to the solar wind should create a shift in the pickup ion density relative to the focusing cone. A large pickup ion streaming depends on the size of the mean free path. Therefore, the observed longitudinal shift in the pickup ion density relative to the neutral focusing cone may carry fundamental information about the mean free path experienced by pickup ions inside 1 au. We test this hypothesis using the Energetic Particle Radiation Environment Module (EPREM) model by simulating the transport of helium pickup ions within the focusing cone finding a mean free path of

au. We calculate the average azimuthal velocity of pickup ions and find that the anisotropic distribution reaches ∼8% of the solar wind speed. Lastly, we isolate transport effects within EPREM, finding that pitch-angle scattering, adiabatic focusing, perpendicular diffusion, and particle drift contribute to shifting the focusing cone 20.00%, 69.43%, 10.56%, and

, respectively. Thus we show with the EPREM model that the transport of pickup ions does indeed shift the peak of the focusing cone relative to the progenitor neutral atoms and this shift provides fundamental information on the scattering of pickup ions inside 1 au.
CAN THE SUBSONIC ACCRETION MODEL EXPLAIN THE SPIN PERIOD DISTRIBUTION OF WIND-FED X-RAY PULSARS?
Authors: Li Tao , Shao Yong , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Neutron stars in high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) generally accrete from the wind matter of their massive companion stars. Recently, Shakura et al. suggested a subsonic accretion model for low-luminosity (<4 × 1036 erg s−1), wind-fed X-ray pulsars. To test the feasibility of this model, we investigate the spin period distribution of wind-fed X-ray pulsars with a supergiant companion star, using a population synthesis method. We find that the modeled distribution of supergiant HMXBs in the spin period–orbital period diagram is consistent with observations, provided that the winds from the donor stars have relatively low terminal velocities (≲1000 km s−1). The measured wind velocities in several supergiant HMXBs seem to favor this viewpoint. The predicted number ratio of wind-fed X-ray pulsars with persistent X-ray luminosities that are higher and lower than 4 × 1036 erg s−1 is about 1:10.
COLD DARK MATTER SUBSTRUCTURES IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXY HALOS
Authors: Fiacconi Davide , Madau Piero , Potter Doug , Stadel Joachim 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We present initial results from the “Ponos” zoom-in numerical simulations of dark matter substructures in massive ellipticals. Two very highly resolved dark matter halos with M
vir = 1.2 × 1013

and M
vir = 6.5 × 1012

and different (“violent” versus “quiescent”) assembly histories have been simulated down to z = 0 in a ΛCDM cosmology with a total of 921,651,914 and 408,377,544 particles, respectively. Within the virial radius, the total mass fraction in self-bound M
sub > 106

subhalos at the present epoch is 15% for the violent host and 16.5% for the quiescent one. At z = 0.7, these fractions increase to 19% and 33%, respectively, as more recently accreted satellites are less prone to tidal destruction. In projection, the average fraction of surface mass density in substructure at a distance of R/R
vir = 0.02 (∼5–10 kpc) from the two halo centers ranges from 0.6% to ≳2%, significantly higher than that measured in simulations of Milky Way-sized halos. The contribution of subhalos with M
sub < 109

to the projected mass fraction is between one-fifth and one-third of the total, with the smallest share found in the quiescent host. We assess the impact of baryonic effects via twin, lower-resolution hydrodynamical simulations that include metallicity-dependent gas cooling, star formation, and a delayed-radiative-cooling scheme for supernova feedback. Baryonic contraction produces a super-isothermal total density profile and increases the number of massive subhalos in the inner regions of the main host. The host density profiles and projected subhalo mass fractions appear to be broadly consistent with observations of gravitational lenses.
THE INTRAGROUP VERSUS THE INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM
Authors: Cavaliere A. , Fusco-Femiano R. , Lapi A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Galaxy groups differ from clusters primarily by way of their lower masses, M ∼ 1014
M
⊙ versus M ∼ 1015
M
⊙. We discuss how mass affects the thermal state of the intracluster or the intragroup medium, specifically as to their entropy levels and radial profiles. We show that entropy is produced in both cases by the continuing inflow of intergalactic gas across the system boundary into the gravitational potential well. The inflow is highly supersonic in clusters, but weakly so in groups. The former condition implies strong accretion shocks with substantial conversion of a large bulk kinetic into thermal energy, whereas the latter condition implies less effective conversion of lower energies. These features produce a conspicuous difference in entropy deposition at the current boundary. Thereafter, adiabatic compression of the hot gas into the potential well converts such time histories into radial profiles throughout a cluster or a group. In addition, in both cases, a location of the system at low z in the accelerating universe or in a poor environment will starve out the inflow and the entropy production and produce flattening or even bending down of the outer profile. We analyze, in detail, the sharp evidence provided by the two groups ESO 3060170 and RXJ1159+5531 that have been recently observed in X-rays out to their virial radii and find a close and detailed match with our expectations.
La centralisation est-elle la bonne solution ? Le cas des réformes dans la politique de sécurité intérieure en Suisse à la lumière des services de police de proximité
Authors: Jacot-Descombes Caroline , Niklaus Julien 
Published: June 2016

C’est sous l’angle de la répartition des tâches entre les cantons et les communes en Suisse que nous allons tenter d’analyser la tendance qu’ont les réformes en matière de sécurité à concentrer les institutions policières au niveau cantonal et à éliminer la police locale en vue d’améliorer l’efficience. À mesure que l’on évolue vers la centralisation dans le cadre de divers consensus, les villes revendiquent leurs particularités et parviennent à conserver leur police locale. L’analyse porte sur deux réformes cantonales en se basant sur des données qualitatives. Les résultats indiquent que les changements institutionnels ont débouché sur trois grands dispositifs à la suite des réformes : centralisation de la police (les communes achètent les services de la police cantonale), régionalisation (plusieurs communes exercent leurs activités policières ensemble) et décentralisation (la ville conserve sa police locale). En ce qui concerne la question de savoir quels modèles produisent les meilleurs résultats, une évaluation de la perception des acteurs (citoyens et police) indique que le travail de la police et le sentiment de sécurité se sont améliorés dans le système décentralisé. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les questions politiques sont au centre des réformes qui visent une nouvelle répartition des compétences entre les niveaux de pouvoirs publics dans le secteur de la sécurité en Suisse. Elles peuvent avoir une grande influence sur les nouveaux dispositifs introduits par les réformes. Même si les décideurs cantonaux ont de solides arguments en faveur de la centralisation des tâches, les communes ont une influence plus grande. Cela se traduit par un fédéralisme asymétrique, dans lequel les villes peuvent conserver leur police et les communes sont tenues d’acheter les services de police cantonaux. L’option décentralisée étant plus appréciée par les citoyens comme par la police, les réformes en faveur de la centralisation sont difficiles à mettre en œuvre lorsqu’il existe une tradition de police locale.
From hauntology to a new animism? Nature and culture in Heinz Kimmerle’s intercultural philosophy
Authors: Hofmeyr Murray 
Published: June 2016

Derrida has proposed a new spectrology in an attempt to deal with the ghost of Marx. Kimmerle shows that Marx has forgotten nature, and enquires about Derrida’s forgetting Marx’s forgetting. With specific reference to African culture he asks whether a new animism should not be explored within the framework of a new spectrology. Derrida uses the concept animism, but not in terms of the being of things in and ofthemselves, which could positively be thought as animated. Kimmerle proposes a way in which Western philosophy could be opened to African philosophy in order to understand the problem of animated nature more adequately. African philosophy has a concept of the universe of spiritual forces, in which nature and its powers arecompletely integrated. This paper explores these issues in dialogue with a number of African philosophers, while linking them to certain contestations within environmental philosophy and ethics, especially Murray Bookchin’s critique of spirit-talk in Deep Ecology. Kimmerle’s work on the relationship between Africa and Hegel sets the scenefor an elaboration of his re-evaluation of animism which is compared to the groundbreaking hypothesis of Bird-David. A relational epistemology is understood in ethical terms, and it is implied that such an epistemology would be more adequate for a new humanism that would be new in going beyond the western tradition, and in the processgain a more inclusive concept of “person” and “community”.
The role of technology in the economic growth of South Africa: The case of frequency allocations to cellular operators
Authors: Mellet André 
Published: June 2016

Economists associate long-term economic growth with technological progress. Earlier growth literature, as well as modern literature, states to sustain a positive growth rate of output per capita in the long run, there must be continual advances in technological knowledge. Thisfact is embedded in one of the main growth models, namely the Solow growth model. This article firstly discusses the connection between technology and growth in the various models. Any country needs a positive real growth to develop. To create a better scenario forall its inhabitants, it is therefore important that technological development must be employed in the system. Secondly the focus is on analyzing the role of technology and mobile phonesfrom a growth perspective in developing countries. Various studies by independent annalists are referred to regarding studies about the impact of mobile phones in Africa. Various African countries experienced development by using more mobile phones. Finally, attention is given to frequency allocation to provide voice or data access services for mobile phone users by ICASA, as the controlling body in South Africa. This scarce resource is not effectively allocated for the following reasons: the allocation between government institutions and private sector companies is not economically equitable; and the allocation amongst private sector companies is also not economically equitable. Ineffective frequency allocation is then considered to be a waste of a scarce resource. This wastage, against the background of studies in Africa regarding mobile phones and GDP, will accordingly reduce the potential development of all the inhabitants of South Africa.
Afrikanerliberalisme in die tydperk 1775 - 1975 – die interpretasies van GD Scholtz en H Giliomee
Authors: De Klerk P 
Published: June 2016

Two historians, GD Scholtz and H Giliomee, have written extensively about liberal political thought among Afrikaners during the period 1775-1975. Their interpretations of the influence of liberalism on Afrikaner political thought differ from one another in some respects. Scholtz acknowledges the influence of the political ideas of the Enlightenment on the Cape Patriot movement of the late eighteenth century, but does not regard these ideas as a form of liberalism. He views liberalism as a political ideology alien to the Afrikaners, that was introduced to South Africa in the early 1800s by British officials and missionaries. Since the middle of the nineteenth century the main exponents of liberal political thought in South Africa were British colonists and their descendants. There were always a few Afrikaners with liberal political ideas, but they were strongly influenced by British culture or by English-speaking South Africans. Giliomee, however, is of the opinion that there were already Afrikaners with liberal ideas at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It appears from his study that, although none of the major Afrikaner political leaders from the eighteenth century until the present can be described as a liberal, in the course of two centuries a number of politicians and intellectuals with an Afrikaans background played an important role in various liberal political movements and had a significant influence on the development of Afrikaner political thought. Although Scholtz and Giliomee have both made an important contribution to research on Afrikaner liberal political thought, it is clear that more research should lead to a better understanding of this phenomenon.Keywords: South African Historiography; Afrikaner Political Thought; GD Scholtz; H Giliomee; Liberalism; Democracy; Cape Patriot Movement; Cape Franchise; Segregation; Apartheid Disciplines: Political History; Intellectual History; Political Philosophy
Primary extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of breast
Authors: Srivastava Smita , Arora Jyoti , Parakh Anushri , Goel Ruchika Kumar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExtraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is a rare soft tissue tumor that is morphologically indistinguishable from skeletal ES. We report a case of a 25-year-old female with recurrent EES/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of right breast with imaging findings on mammogram, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging breast, and positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Intestinal tuberculosis versus crohn's disease: Clinical and radiological recommendations
Authors: Sharma Raju , Madhusudhan Kumble S , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntestinal tuberculosis is a common clinical problem in India. The clinical features of this disease are nonspecific and can be very similar to Crohn's disease. Radiological evaluation of the small bowel has undergone a paradigm shift in the last decade. This long tubular organ that has traditionally been difficult to evaluate can now be well-visualized by some innovative imaging and endoscopic techniques. This article highlights the state-of-the-art evaluation of ulceroconstrictive diseases of the bowel and provides recommendations for the differentiation of intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease.
Reduced Basis Approaches in Time-Dependent Non-Coercive Settings for Modelling the Movement of Nuclear Reactor Control Rods
Authors: Sartori Alberto , Cammi Antonio , Luzzi Lelio , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this work, two approaches, based on the certified Reduced Basis method, have been developed for simulating the movement of nuclear reactor control rods, in time-dependent non-coercive settings featuring a 3D geometrical framework. In particular, in a first approach, a piece-wise affine transformation based on subdomains division has been implemented for modelling the movement of one control rod. In the second approach, a “staircase” strategy has been adopted for simulating the movement of all the three rods featured by the nuclear reactor chosen as case study. The neutron kinetics has been modelled according to the so-called multi-group neutron diffusion, which, in the present case, is a set of ten coupled parametrized parabolic equations (two energy groups for the neutron flux, and eight for the precursors). Both the reduced order models, developed according to the two approaches, provided a very good accuracy compared with high-fidelity results, assumed as “truth” solutions. At the same time, the computational speed-up in the Online phase, with respect to the fine “truth” finite element discretization, achievable by both the proposed approaches is at least of three orders of magnitude, allowing a real-time simulation of the rod movement and control.
An All-Regime Lagrange-Projection Like Scheme for the Gas Dynamics Equations on Unstructured Meshes
Authors: Chalons Christophe , Girardin Mathieu , Kokh Samuel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe propose an all regime Lagrange-Projection like numerical scheme for the gas dynamics equations. By all regime, we mean that the numerical scheme is able to compute accurate approximate solutions with an under-resolved discretization with respect to the Mach number M, i.e. such that the ratio between the Mach number M and the mesh size or the time step is small with respect to 1. The key idea is to decouple acoustic and transport phenomenon and then alter the numerical flux in the acoustic approximation to obtain a uniform truncation error in term of M. This modified scheme is conservative and endowed with good stability properties with respect to the positivity of the density and the internal energy. A discrete entropy inequality under a condition on the modification is obtained thanks to a reinterpretation of the modified scheme in the Harten Lax and van Leer formalism. A natural extension to multi-dimensional problems discretized over unstructured mesh is proposed. Then a simple and efficient semi implicit scheme is also proposed. The resulting scheme is stable under a CFL condition driven by the (slow) material waves and not by the (fast) acoustic waves and so verifies the all regime property. Numerical evidences are proposed and show the ability of the scheme to deal with tests where the flow regime may vary from low to high Mach values.
The reupholster of stained glass designs and “the deceptive silence of stolen voices”
Authors: Graves P. Nelson 
Published: June 2016

Reflecting on the seminal theme of Biography as a provisional means of accessing artistic substance, this study dares a reading of the metamorphosis of the artistry of the Nigerian glass designs of Frank Ugiomoh and Nsikak Essien. Utilising an empirical analysis, principal art works of these masters are examined. However, a hermeneutic investigation is engaged to aid an unraveling of the tooling mechanisms and the art making traditions that the artists deployed in their engagement with the natural synthesis cognomen in affecting the ecclesia in Africa paradigm. The designs of Frank Ugiomoh are discussed with a hermeneutic detailing that draws attention to the peculiarities of his artistry as emblematic in the growth and development of glass designs. However, that investigation revealed (I) that the artist Nsikak Essien in re-upholstering his pictures diligently sourced his devises on mimetic reinstatements of the canons of academe; but introduced lineal schemes culled from the art forms of his Nigerian art world, specifically Uli and Nsibidi; while (II) Ugiomoh toed the intellectually subtle repositioning of themes and tooling mechanisms, declaiming the prime masters’ narratives but implanting a language of pictorial codes that deter the dearth of symbols.Keywords: biography, provisional, metamorphosis, hermeneutic, paradigm shift, re-upholster, deceptive silence of stolen voices
L’erotisme dans Uwaoma et le beau monde d’Ifeoma Onyemelukwe
Authors: Chiagwah Kingsley , Ezeodili Scholastica 
Published: June 2016

L’érotisme c’est tout ce qui, à partir d’une représentation liée à la sexualité, provoque une excitation aussi bien émotionnelle et sensuelle que physique et mentale. Cette étude se donne la tâche d’examiner l’érotisme selon que nous la présente la célèbre écrivaine nigériane Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe dans Uwaoma et le beau monde, un roman féministe africain postcolonial. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur la méthode descriptive. Nous constatons qu’Ifeoma Onyemelukwe a largement dépeint des scènes érotiques dans Uwaoma et le beau monde dont se distinguent deux catégories, à savoir, l’érotisme précédé de la pornographie et l’érotisme sans pornographie. Nous concluons grosso modo qu’Onyemelukwe figure parmi les nouveaux romanciers africains. Pourtant, en créant les effets de la beauté esthétique, elle se sert de cette technique pour épargner sa créativité littéraire de la grossièreté, de l’érotisme. Elle dénonce l’accouplement bestial dans son roman, ceci pour enseigner aux lecteurs, surtout les jeunes, qu’il faut se méfier de tel comportement car c’est une chose odieuse, grossière et immorale.English AbstractEroticism is, from the view point of representations linked to sexuality, all that causes emotional, sensual as well as physical and mental excitement. This study sets out to examine eroticism as presented by the famous Nigerian writer, Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe in Uwaoma et le beau monde, a feminist African postcolonial novel. To achieve this, we rely on the descriptive method. We observe that the erotic scenes depicted by the author in Uwaoma et le beau monde are distinguished in two categories, namely, eroticism preceded by pornography and eroticism without pornography. We conclude roughly that Onyemelukwe figures among the new African novelists of our time. However, while creating the effects of cosmetic beauty, she uses this technique to save her literal creativity of vulgarity and eroticism. She denounces the beastly mating in the novel to educate her readers, especially the young people, of the need to be wary of such acts which she considers heinous, rude and immoral.
Coherentism in Rorty’s anti-foundationalist epistemology
Authors: Inusah Husein 
Published: June 2016

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate whether Rorty endorses coherentism, the view that justification is a matter of a belief’s coherent relationship with other beliefs. Rorty in his anti-foundationalist epistemology shows a frequent inclination to express his view as coherentist. But does he actually subscribe to coherentism? I argue that he does not.