bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ansatz zur Bewertung der Kühl- und Schmiereigenschaften kryogener Minimalmengenschmierungen
Authors: Gutzeit Kevin , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication systems (MQL) combine the high cooling effect of cryogenic media and the resource-efficient lubricating effect of an MQL. However, for efficient use, the cooling and lubrication properties must be precisely matched to the respective application and the load case that occurs. This article presents a tribological approach that enables the quantification of the coefficient of friction and the thermal load in frictional contact. This has shown that the use of a cryogenic MQL can significantly reduce both friction and the temperatures that occur.
Mensch und Maschine: KI und Robotik in der Industrie
Authors: Rommelfanger Jörg 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Autonomous navigation, pick-and-place applications, quality inspection – robots are already taking over many important tasks in the industry and helping to increase productivity. The use of AI in robotics also has the potential to make the value chain more flexible and resilient. But how can AI and robotics be combined efficiently? And where does this leave humans in the equation?
Timeless tenet, temporal tenant
Authors: Izadi Faezeh 
Published: September 2024

This article delves into how Twelver Shia Islam responds to technological challenges, particularly focusing on radical life extension (RLE) within the trans-humanism paradigm. While there is a consensus among religions regarding spiritual and mental enhancement, body enhancement, including RLE, poses ethical and theological questions. After a brief introduction to the concepts of human existence, life, and death, I explore Shia rational reasoning, delving into the notions of the ‘rational impossible’ and ‘normal impossible’ in the context of RLE. Additionally, I investigate the relationship between RLE and the belief in Mahdism, which centers around the idea that the last Imam, al-Mahdi, lives in occultation and will eventually reappear as the promised savior. I also seek to understand the legitimacy of using technology to achieve longevity from the perspective of Shia Islam. Additionally, in the final section of the study, I present the viewpoints of four prominent Shia Mujtahids, obtained through email correspondence and Istefta. This Q&A section reveals multifaceted perspectives within the Shia community regarding RLE. Notably, the traditional group, referring to the intra-religious teachings, adopts a more open approach to the RLE issue, challenging prevailing stereotypes.
This research emphasizes that, from the perspective of Shia Islam, a very long life is neither deemed impossible nor irrational. However, ethical considerations and potential side effects must be carefully weighed when implementing RLE technologies. Researchers and scientists bear the responsibility of using technology fairly and ethically, and avoiding any actions that may worsen various kinds of inequalities. Continuous exploration and dialogue are essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic from the perspective of Shia Islam, as theological interpretations may evolve with scientific progress.
Zarządzanie ryzykiem i jego dywersyfikacja w świetle teorii finansów behawioralnych a model Neumanna-Morgensterna
Authors: Pera Jacek 
Published: September 2024

Proper risk management ‒ based on the theory of behavioural finance ‒ will lead a rational investor to make the right choice preferences while estimating the minimal level of risk and receiving the greatest rate of return. One of the effects of risk management is diversification, which is also one of the main means of reducing the global level of risk. Diversification also contributes significantly to improving the long-term rate of return on an investment. Different utility functions are related to the tendency of investors to connect the level of risk and diversification with the level of expected revenue. The maximising utility is proportional to the value of money. Risk management and diversification agree with the John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern model.
Analiza kwasów tłuszczowych oleju z konserw sardynek
Authors: Kondratowicz-Pietruszka Elżbieta 
Published: September 2024

Fish meat is an as yet underappreciated and rarely consumed food product in Poland. Fatty fish meat, such as that of sardines, is especially interesting. The Polish market offers a particularly broad assortment of tinned sardines. The aim of this study was to determine, by means of gas chromatography, the fatty acid profile of oil in tins of sardines. 16 various tins from different producers were selected for the study. It was found that the concentration of saturated acids varied from 11.64% to 30.99%. The monoenoic acid content also varied. C18:1 (cis-0) acid content varied from 16.08% to 76.91%, while the total concentration of other acids was app. 5%. The trans fatty acid form of C18:2 (trans-9,12) was found in eight tests while the total concentration of acids from the n-6 family of acids varied from 5.40% to 62.28%. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 acid content ranged from 0.01 to 0.35, whilst the ratio of total fatty acid content to saturated fatty acid content varied from 2.23 to 7.59.
Odpowiedzialność w ujęciu filozoficznym jako przyczynek do rozważań o odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Mizdrak Inga 
Published: September 2024

The topic of this paper is responsibility, which has many ontic conditions, including, among many others, appropriate ethical qualification, intellectual disposition and rationality of action, but whose primary one is freedom, which is constitutive of all activity by subjects, both personal and legal ones. Freedom, therefore, has a special effect on the inner structure of an individual or organisation. My first aim is to define more closely the category of responsibility, on the basis of the most important intuitions of Roman Ingarden and Karol Wojtyła, and to consider the applicability of their ideas to the modern understanding of the ethical business. It becomes clear that Ingarden's philosophical distinction between responsibility "before the act" and "after the act" and Wojtyła's concept of responsibility "for" someone and for oneself can serve as fundamental reference points in various forms of management and in the choice of business strategies. I argue that the current polarisation of views on the responsibility of businesses (even though supported by complex networks of arguments) is sterile, or perhaps even spurious. What truly matters is not the legal status of a company, but what its basic responsibilities are and the essence of its responsibility.
Konflikty w organizacjach wielokulturowych
Authors: Słaboń Andrzej 
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the impact of cultural differentiation on the causes and dynamics of social conflicts in organisations. Cultural differentiations are an important factor in social interpretation processes and when constructing a definition of a situation, and are therefore a source of disagreement and social conflict among employees. On the other hand, cultural differences can make social mobilisation difficult and decrease the probability of open conflicts occurring even in the face of strong deprivation. It is important to recognise ways in which organisations protect themselves against inner conflict due to ethnic, national and religious differences. An organisation's culture and code of "political correctness" seem to be important factors in this context. The article shows different types of multicultural organisations and analyses the impact organisational structure has on the causes and course of conflicts. The simultaneous occurrence of cultural differentiation and deprivation in the sphere of authority are main circumstances that generate social conflict in multicultural organisations.
Podmioty ekonomii społecznej jako podmioty administrujące
Authors: Małecka-Łyszczek Magdalena 
Published: September 2024

In the field of public administration, evolutionary changes take place that must be analysed in connection with the expanding structure of civil society. This leads one to questions concerning the realisation of public assignments by entities outside of the structures of administration. These are administrative subjects, among which social economic institutions are playing a more and more essential role. Given that role, the aim of the present article is to examine the problems social economy institutions face in the larger context of the concept of the administrative subject.
Samorząd miejski Krakowa i Lwowa w okresie autonomii galicyjskiej
Authors: Hołuj Dominika 
Published: September 2024

In the paper, the author analyses the functioning of modern municipal government in Lviv and Cracow, Galicia's largest cities during the Galician autonomy. The paper describes the structure of municipal tasks (expenses) and analyses the sources of the income side of the budget. The author identifies the major steps the local authorities took to develop the urban infrastructure in line with modern standards of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Due to the particular historical circumstances, the author also draws attention to municipality tasks that involved the preservation of cultural heritage in a difficult period for partitioned Poland. The analysis is largely based on materials and publications created during the Galician autonomy, though it is in places supplemented by information from contemporary sources.
Warunki stosowania analogia legis
Authors: Kaźmierczyk Aneta 
Published: September 2024

The article examines analogia legis, the application of a legal rule to the facts of a similar but not by law regulated case. It starts with a discussion of the concept of analogia legis, followed by a look at conditions that enable the use of this type of reasoning and an examination of legal loopholes in order to determine the similarity between the facts not covered by normalisation and an actual state regulated by the law. The circumstances that would preclude the application of analogia legis are identified. Finally, other ways of drawing inferences from the rules of law beyond analogia legis are outlined.
Zastosowanie rozmytych metod porządkowania liniowego w ustalaniu hierarchii ważności cech usługi związanych z jakością
Authors: Jefmański Bartłomiej 
Published: September 2024

The principal aim of the article is to characterise and assess the application possibilities for selected fuzzy linear ordering methods in determining the hierarchy of the importance of service quality characteristics. The report presents the results of a study whose aim was to assess the quality of Poland's Central Statistical Office's website. A tool known as WebQual was used, after modification by the author for two areas: quality of listed service characteristics and how respondent opinions were measured. The survey questionnaire enables the transformation of the measurement results from linguistic values to numerical ones using fuzzy sets. The primary data prepared this way formed the basis for the application of fuzzy linear ordering methods.
Wykorzystanie modeli ze zmiennymi porządkowymi w badaniach satysfakcji klienta
Authors: Błoński Krzysztof , Putek-Szeląg Ewa 
Published: September 2024

Customer satisfaction can be measured using both quantitative and qualitative scales. However, each of them has problems and limitations. Some authors, such as N. Hill and J. Alexander in their Handbook of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Measurement (2003), clearly believe numerical scales are the best for measuring satisfaction. Nonetheless, ordinal scale, which requires statistical methods for the analysis of qualitative data, remains the most commonly used. This paper presents the use of analysis of latent class in satisfaction surveys. To build a model, data from measurements made with ordinal scales were used.
Mechanizmy współfinansowania kosztów opieki zdrowotnej w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej - analiza porównawcza
Authors: Lis Stanisław , Skuza Krzysztof 
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the co-financing of health services in the health care systems of the countries of the European Union, which are based on different variations of the two main models: the insurance model and the national health care model. Comparative analysis of the characteristics of health care financing systems is the starting point for a presentation of the issue common to all countries, which is to seek ways to reduce the growth rate of public expenditures on health. One of the methods on the table is to have patients finance part of the health services delivered. However, the level and scope of co-financing of these services by patients vary widely between countries that use an insurance-based model and those with a national health service one. The article presents a critical analysis of policies and levels of patient co-participation in different types of health services in selected EU countries (including Poland), along with a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the different solutions.
W poszukiwaniu ładu terminologicznego: zdolność płatnicza, płynność finansowa, wypłacalność
Authors: Stępień Konrad 
Published: September 2024

Being solvent determines whether or not an enterprise exists in a market economy. A lack of solvency is therefore one reason businesses fail. In the economics literature, beside the notion of solvency there are also the ideas of financial liquidity and the ability to pay. Some authors identify these notions as being interchangeable, while others differentiate them, ascribing to them different essential ranges and a different character of mutual relation. This paper explains the meaning of these notions and also describes the mutual relations between them.
Zintegrowany program działań marketingowych miasta na rynku turystycznym
Authors: Manczak Iryna 
Published: September 2024

In this article, the author seeks to explain the conceptual category of a city's integrated programme of marketing activities for the tourist market. The study is based on marketing research in the literature discussing companies' marketing communication with the market. The author describes the essence and process of marketing communications along with methods employed on the tourist market. Promotional tools are also discussed and the benefits of integrating the various tools in the construction of marketing messages targeted for the tourist market are emphasised. The author highlights the fact that the diversity of promotional tools should result primarily from the superior objectives of a city's tourist development strategy, as well as take into consideration the specificity of the target group that is to receive this message.
Long-term outcomes of caudal epidural steroid injection in failed back surgery syndrome patients with loss of resistance technique
Authors: Bamroongshawgasame Thana 
Published: September 2024

Background: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a complicated issue with various treatment approaches. This retrospective study assesses the success and safety of caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) in FBSS patients utilizing the loss of resistance (LOR) strategy, focusing on long-term outcomes lasting up to two years.
Methods: The 75 FBSS patients had CESI with triamcinolone and normal saline under local anesthesia. The visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and patient satisfaction score (PSS) were measured at pre-intervention and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months following the procedure.
Result: Majority of patients (57.33%) reported bilateral sciatica, with recurrent disc herniation (54.67%) being the most prevalent MRI finding. Significant improvements (p<0.001) in VAS, ODI, and PSS scores were seen in all subsequent periods. Furthermore, no significant issues reported, demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of CESI with LOR.
Conclusions: CESI with the LOR technique is helpful treatment in FBSS at three, six, twelve, eighteen, and twenty-four months. It is easy to perform, less technically demanding, has low complications, and lower costs than surgery. A CESI may offer an alternative approach to managing FBSS for short-term and long-term outcomes.
Comprehensive investigation of two substituted benzimidazoles: Design, synthesis, biological assessment, and characterization
Authors: Narasimhan Gopinathan , Gokul kumar K  , Balalji B , Naachiar Azhagu , Khiren S  , Harikrishnan N  
Published: September 2024

Benzimidazole is a bicyclic molecule that is mostly used in medicinal chemistry. The 2-substituted benzimidazoles that are now on the market include omeprazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, and albendazole. Antioxidants are compounds that impede the oxidation process, which is the chemical process that produces free radicals. A computational technique called "in-silico screening" is used in drug discovery to effectively estimate a molecule's likelihood of interacting with a target of interest. Antihelminthics are a class of antiparasitic drugs that either kill or paralyze internal parasites like parasitic worms, all without endangering the host. A standard procedure was used to create the 2-substituted benzimidazole. PyRx software was used to do the in-silico screening for anthelmintic drugs. The DPPH and ABTS methods were used to measure the antioxidant activity. Melting point, TLC, and IR spectra were used to confirm the structures of the produced compounds. The binding affinity for sulphosalicylic acid in the anthelmentic in silico screening was -7.7. Salicylic acid demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity, as seen by its IC50 values of less than 5 mg/ml for the ABTS method and 37 mg/ml for the DPPH method. Overall, the combination of theoretical and practical yield data, along with melting points, ATR Spectra and Rf values, offers valuable insights into the synthesis and characterization of chemical compounds. The salicylic acid derivative exhibits good antioxidant activity by both the methods. The Sulphosalicylic acid derivative shows prominent In-silico anthelmintic activity result hence the synthesized compounds can be tested for anthelmintic activity in future.
Bridging Generosity: A Study of Social Capital's Impact on Islamic Philanthropic Fundraising in Bandar Lampung
Authors: Yadi Mulyadi , Jauhari Tontowi 
Published: September 2024

The Islamic philanthropic fundraising by philanthropic institutions in Bandar Lampung is vital in supporting social, educational, health, and humanitarian programs. Even though several philanthropic institutions are actively involved in humanitarian activities and poverty alleviation, Bandar Lampung needs to fully optimize the potential for Islamic donations. This shows that there are interesting problems that are worth studying regarding fundraising by Islamic philanthropic institutions. This research aims to bridge the knowledge gapregarding the relationship between social capital and Islamic philanthropic fundraising, especially in Bandar Lampung, and the focus is to understand how social capital influences the success of Islamic philanthropic fundraising in this city. This research aims, among other things, to explain the factors that influence Islamic philanthropic fundraising and show the influence of social capital as a strategic tool in increasing community support for philanthropic programs. Research variables included Philanthropic Fundraising (Y), Trust (X1): Trust Level, Network (X2): Interconnection and Cooperation, and Institutionalization (X3): Organizational Structure and Norms. The data were collected from LAZNAS (Amil Zakat National Agency) donors in Bandar Lampung using Likert-scaled questionnaires and then analyzed using parametric statistics through SPSS version 22. The research results show a solid and positive relationship between trust, networks, institutionalization, and philanthropic fundraising. There is a significant correlation coefficient between these variables. The regression results show that trust, networks, and institutionalization positively influence philanthropic fundraising. Based on these findings, researchers recommend that Islamic philanthropic institutions, especially LAZNAS in Bandar Lampung City, comply with regulations and obtain government recognition, improve communication and transparency, professionalize fund management, develop networks and partnerships, and strengthen organizational structures and norms.
Commercial chatbot monitoring: Approaches focused on automated conversation analysis
Authors: Kuligowska Karolina , Stanusch Maciej 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to review and analyze current automated techniques for monitoring chatbot conversations in the field of Conversational Artificial Intelligence. It aims to highlight the challenges and limitations of these techniques and provide insights into various metrics used to measure chatbot performance, with the goal of enhancing it.
Methodology: The study employs a comprehensive literature review of existing automated techniques for monitoring chatbot conversations. Then, focusing on state-of-the-art approaches, the study introduces a division into numerical metrics (performance statistics and user engagement) and linguistic metrics (conversation analysis). Within conversation analysis, which is crucial for improving chatbot responses and accurately recognizing user intentions, the study identifies and presents three leading methods.
Main Findings: The paper highlights that, while current chatbot numerical conversation metrics allow for continuous monitoring and enhancement of chatbot performance, there is still room for improvement in the automated linguistic analysis of chatbot conversations. Furthermore, monitoring chatbot conversations in an automatic way in order to implement adequate corrective actions, is an essential task for refining chatbot efficiency through continuous learning and adaptation.
Applications of the study: The findings of this study have practical applications for businesses employing chatbots. By understanding the potential of current automated monitoring techniques and addressing their limitations, commercial chatbot systems can be improved for the benefit of customer satisfaction.
Novelty/Originality of the study: The paper provides readers with the novel knowledge necessary to understand key metrics used to measure chatbot conversations from both numerical and linguistic perspectives. It adds value by guiding readers on how monitoring numerical metrics helps analyze chatbot interactions and explains how the automated linguistic analysis of chatbot conversation content is utilized in leading approaches.