bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic and erythrodermic reactions following repeated exposure to bites from the Common bed bug Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Minocha Rashi , Wang Changlu , Dang Kai , Webb Cameron Ewart , Fernández‐Peñas Pablo , Doggett Stephen Lindsay 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBed bugs (Cimex spp.) have undergone a global resurgence over the last 15–20 years. They readily bite humans, producing a range of cutaneous reactions. This article documents systemic reactions in two patients following repeated bites from the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius. Both patients had previously fed bed bugs on themselves without any serious complication, however upon feeding a new batch of the insects subsequently developed systemic urticarial reactions. Patient 1 fed 40–50 bed bugs on himself and after 8 min, he developed itch, swelling of the face, lethargy, profuse sweating and widespread wheals on the torso and limbs. The reaction disappeared in 5 h after treatment with systemic prednisone and antihistamines. Patient 2 developed a similar reaction after feeding five to six bed bugs on himself. In this case, the patient also developed chest tightness and breathing difficulties. Following a similar treatment, symptoms disappeared in 4 h. In light of the increasing exposure of this insect to the general public, systemic reactions in patients may present more commonly to the medical practitioner.
Gross Loan Flows, Financial Crises, and Banking Sector Reforms: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Hyun Junghwan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper explores gross loan flows in Korea from 1984 to 2014 focusing on how gross loan flows differ before and after the 1997 global financial crisis and how they respond to the crisis and the associated banking sector reforms. The paper shows that sizable loan expansion and contraction, measured as deviations from the industry loan growth trend, coexist over time, indicating intense heterogeneity in bank lending. Also, the crisis and the reforms and restructuring of the banking sector are largely attributable to changes in gross loan flows in the post‐crisis period. Particularly, banks' asset portfolio reallocation occurs from the commercial sector to individual customers after the crisis.
Pregnancy alters the circulating B cell compartment in atopic asthmatic women, and transitional B cells are positively associated with the development of allergy manifestations in their progeny
Authors: Martins Catarina , Lima Jorge , Nunes Glória , Borrego Luís Miguel 
Published: October 2016

ProblemMaternal atopy is a risk factor for allergy. B cells are poorly studied in reproduction and atopy. We aimed to assess how pregnancy affects B cells in atopic women and whether B cells relate to allergic manifestations in offspring.Method of studyWomen with and without atopic asthma, pregnant and non‐pregnant were enrolled for the study, and circulating B cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, using CD19, CD27, CD38, IgD, and IgM.ResultsCompared to healthy non‐pregnant, atopic asthmatic non‐pregnant (ANP) women presented increased B cell counts, enlarged memory subsets, less transitional cells, and plasmablasts. Atopic asthmatic pregnant (AP) and healthy pregnant (HP) women showed similarities: reduced B cell counts and percentages, fewer memory cells, especially switched, and higher plasmablast percentages. Transitional B cell percentages were increased in AP women with allergic manifestations in their progeny.ConclusionAtopic asthmatic non‐pregnant women have a distinctive B cell compartment. B cells change in pregnancy, similarly in AP and HP women. The recognition that AP women with allergy in their progeny have a typical immune profile may help, in the future, the adoption of preventive measures to avoid the manifestation of allergic diseases in their newborns.
Quantification of fluid resorption from diabetic macular oedema with foveal serous detachment after dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) in a pregnant diabetic
Authors: Hodzic‐Hadzibegovic Delila , Ba‐Ali Shakoor , Valerius Marianne , Lund‐Andersen Henrik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the fluid resorption from the centre of the fovea in a pregnant woman with diabetic macular oedema by daily optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements after the administration of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®).MethodsA 36‐year‐old pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes for 33 years presented with diabetic macular oedema with foveal serous detachment and symptomatic vision loss at 16 gestational weeks. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Snellen notation and central retinal volume assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT, Topcon Corporation) were measured almost on a daily basis the first five weeks after implantation and then 2–3 times per month until childbirth.ResultsThe pretreatment BCVA was 0.6/1.0, and pretreatment central retinal volume was 0.32 mm3. Near elimination of the oedema was achieved 3 days after treatment. One week after treatment, BCVA improved to preconception level, and full regression of the oedema was achieved. The rate of fluid resorption from the centre of the fovea was highest 3 days after treatment 0.00139 μL/hr and decreasing to 0.00065 μL/hr 1 week after treatment.ConclusionIntravitreal dexamethasone implant Ozurdex reduces promptly central retinal volume in diabetic macular oedema involving the centre of the fovea in pregnancy with highest rate of fluid resorption 3 days after treatment initiation.
Detection of glaucoma progression by perimetry and optic disc photography at different stages of the disease: results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial
Authors: Öhnell HannaMaria , Heijl Anders , Anderson Harald , Bengtsson Boel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare the earliest detection of progression in visual fields and monoscopic optic disc photographs at different stages of manifest glaucoma.MethodsThis study evaluated 306 eyes in 249 patients with manifest open‐angle glaucoma included in the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT). All patients in the trial were followed up regularly by standard automated perimetry and monoscopic optic disc photography, and the median follow‐up time was 8 years. Progression was assessed in series of optic disc photographs and in series of visual fields using glaucoma change probability maps and the predefined EMGT progression criterion. The proportion of progressions detected first in visual fields and the proportion detected first in optic disc photographs were compared at different stages of glaucoma severity defined by the perimetric mean deviation (MD) of the baseline visual field.ResultsAssessment of 210 eyes with early visual field loss, 83 eyes with moderate field loss, and 13 eyes with advanced field loss showed that, among the eyes exhibiting progression, the progression was detected first in the visual field in 80%, 79% and 100%, respectively. The predominance of visual field progressions at all stages was still apparent when using narrower (3‐dB) MD intervals for staging.ConclusionIn the EMGT material on eyes with manifest open‐angle glaucoma, the initial progression was detected much more often in the visual field series than in the optic disc photographs at all stages of disease.
Retinal pigment epithelium wound healing after traumatic choroidal rupture
Authors: Shin Joo Youn , Chung Byunghoon , Na Yun Hyup , Lee Jonghyun , Chung Hyewon , Byeon Suk Ho 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate wound healing in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after traumatic indirect choroidal rupture using fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsA total of 14 eyes of 14 patients with traumatic indirect choroidal rupture were included. Baseline and last follow‐up FAF images were compared to evaluate the extent of RPE healing after choroidal rupture, and associated morphologic characteristics were examined by SD‐OCT.ResultsThe size of the RPE lesion was reduced in five eyes. The change occurred in the fovea in four eyes and in the macula in three eyes. The change was noted in both the fovea and the macula in two eyes; in these cases, the changes were more prominent in the fovea than in the macula. Extra‐macular lesions and lesions with deep choroidal involvement did not show any reduction in size. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) developed in seven eyes. There was no extra‐macular CNV.ConclusionRetinal pigment epithelium (RPE) wound healing after traumatic choroidal rupture is affected by location and extent of the lesion.
The relationship between different information sources and disease‐related patient knowledge and anxiety in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Selinger C. P. , Carbery I. , Warren V. , Rehman A. F. , Williams C. J. , Mumtaz S. , Bholah H. , Sood R. , Gracie D. J. , Hamlin P. J. , Ford A. C. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundPatient education forms a cornerstone of management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Internet has opened new avenues for information gathering.AimTo determine the relationship between different information sources and patient knowledge and anxiety in patients with IBD.MethodsThe use of information sources in patients with IBD was examined via questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed with the hospital anxiety and depression scale and disease‐related patient knowledge with the Crohn's and colitis knowledge score questionnaires. Associations between these outcomes and demographics, disease‐related factors, and use of different information sources were analysed using linear regression analysis.ResultsOf 307 patients (165 Crohn's disease, 142 ulcerative colitis) 60.6% were female. Participants used the hospital IBD team (82.3%), official leaflets (59.5%), and official websites (53.5%) most frequently in contrast to alternative health websites (9%). University education (P < 0.001), use of immunosuppressants (P = 0.025), Crohn's and Colitis UK membership (P = 0.001), frequent use of the hospital IBD team (P = 0.032), and frequent use of official information websites (P = 0.005) were associated with higher disease‐related patient knowledge. Female sex (P = 0.004), clinically active disease (P < 0.001), frequent use of general practitioners (P = 0.014), alternative health websites (homoeopathy, nutritionists, etc.) (P = 0.004) and random links (P = 0.016) were independently associated with higher anxiety.ConclusionsDifferent patient information sources are associated with better knowledge or worse anxiety levels. Face‐to‐face education and written information materials remain the first line of patient education. Patients should be guided towards official information websites and warned about the association between the use of alternative health websites or random links and anxiety.
Enforcement encourages participation in resource management: explaining a fisheries management paradox in Hawaii
Authors: Ballou Lauren M. , Albritton Nathan , Horowitz Leah S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper uses a case study of fisheries co‐management in Hawaii to explore barriers to community participation in resource management and the reasons for these impediments. Our study suggests that while fishers may disobey regulations to maximise personal gain, they may also understand the necessity for regulations and desire more stringent enforcement. This seeming paradox reflects the tension between a recognised need to conserve resources through restricting harvests and competitive pressure among individual fishers. When fishers observe insufficient enforcement on the part of government agencies, this may fuel an already present sense of disrespect for and distrust of the government, inhibiting community participation in co‐management efforts. This study suggests that rather than attempting to directly encourage community members to participate in co‐management efforts, managers should instead focus on enhancing enforcement to alleviate communities' frustration and disrespect. Thus, enhanced enforcement efforts may boost participation in management activities and lead to a more sustainably managed resource.
A Phase I study to determine the pharmacokinetic profile, safety and tolerability of sildenafil (Revatio®) in cardiac surgery: the REVAKI‐1 study
Authors: Ring Arne , Morris Tom , Wozniak Marcin , Sullo Nikol , Dott William , Verheyden Veerle , Kumar Tracy , Brunskill Nigel , Vaja Rakesh , Murphy Gavin J. 
Published: October 2016

AimsAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of cardiac surgery. There is no effective prevention or treatment. Sildenafil citrate (Revatio®, Pfizer Inc.), a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, prevents post cardiac surgery AKI in pre‐clinical studies, however its use is contraindicated in patients with symptomatic cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous sildenafil in cardiac surgery patients.MethodsWe conducted an open label, dose escalation study with six patients per dose level. The six doses were 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg as a bolus, either alone or followed by an additional 2 h infusion of 2.5 mg sildenafil.ResultsThirty‐six patients entered the trial, of which 33 completed it. The mean age was 69.9 years. One patient died during surgery, two others were removed from the trial before dosing (all at dose level 5 mg + 2.5 mg). The pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil was similar to previously published studies. For a dose of 10 mg administered as a bolus followed by 2.5 mg administered over 2 h the results were AUC∞ 537 ng h ml−1, Cmax 189.4 ng ml−1 and t1/2 10.5 h. The drug was well tolerated with no serious adverse events related to drug administration. Higher sildenafil doses stabilized post‐surgery nitric oxide bioavailability.ConclusionsPharmacokinetics of sildenafil during cardiopulmonary bypass were comparable to those of other patient groups. The drug was well tolerated at therapeutic plasma levels. These results support the further evaluation of sildenafil for the prevention of AKI in cardiac surgery.
Maturation of oxycodone pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants: Oxycodone and its metabolites in plasma and urine
Authors: Kokki Merja , Heikkinen Marja , Välitalo Pyry , Hautajärvi Heidi , Hokkanen Juho , Pitkänen Hanna , Sankilampi Ulla , Ranta Veli‐Pekka , Kokki Hannu 
Published: October 2016

AimsThis study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone and its major metabolites in infants and covered the age range between extremely preterm neonates and 2‐year‐old infants.MethodsSeventy‐nine infants (gestational age 23–42 weeks; postnatal age 0–650 days) received intravenous oxycodone hydrochloride trihydrate at a dose of 0.1 mg kg−1 during or after surgery. Three to seven blood samples were taken from each infant, and plasma concentrations of oxycodone, noroxycodone, oxymorphone, and noroxymorphone were quantified. The unconjugated forms of these compounds were determined in urine collected after up to 24 or 48 h from 25 infants. Pharmacokinetics was determined using noncompartmental analysis and reported for six clinically relevant age groups based on postmenstrual age.ResultsOxycodone pharmacokinetics changed markedly with patient age. Preterm neonates were found to have the highest pharmacokinetic variability out of the study population. In extremely preterm neonates (n = 6) median of elimination half‐life was 8.8 h (range 6.8–12.5), in preterm (n = 11) 7.4 h (4.2–11.6), and in older neonates (n = 22) 4.1 h (2.4–5.8), all of which were significantly longer than that in infants aged 6–24 months (n = 12) 2.0 h (1.7–2.6). Median renal clearance was fairly constant in all age groups, whereas non‐renal clearance markedly increased with age. Noroxycodone was the major metabolite in plasma and urine.ConclusionsOxycodone elimination is slower and pharmacokinetic variability more pronounced in neonates when compared to older infants. These findings highlight the importance of careful dose titration for neonates.
Lessons learned on the design and the conduct of Post‐Authorization Safety Studies: review of 3 years of PRAC oversight
Authors: Engel Pierre , Almas Mariana Ferreira , De Bruin Marieke Louise , Starzyk Kathryn , Blackburn Stella , Dreyer Nancy Ann 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo describe and characterize the first cohort of Post‐Authorization Safety Study (PASS) protocols reviewed under the recent European pharmacovigilance legislation.MethodsA systematic approach was used to compile all publicly available information on PASS protocols and assessments submitted from July 2012 to July 2015 from Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) minutes, European Medicines Agency (EMA) and European Network of Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology (ENCePP) webpages.ResultsDuring the study period, 189 different PASS protocols were submitted to the PRAC, half of which were entered in the ENCePP electronic register of post‐authorization studies (EU‐PAS) by July 2015. Those protocols were assessed during 353 PRAC reviews. The EMA published only 31% of the PRAC feedback, of which the main concerns were study design (37%) and feasibility (30%). Among the 189 PASS, slightly more involved primary data capture (58%). PASS assessing drug utilization mainly leveraged secondary data sources (58%). The majority of the PASS did not include a comparator (65%) and 35% of PASS also evaluated clinical effectiveness endpoints.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge this is the first comprehensive review of three years of PASS protocols submitted under the new pharmacovigilance legislation. Our results show that both EMA and PASS sponsors could respectively increase the availability of protocol assessments and documents in the EU‐PAS. Protocol content review and the high number of PRAC comments related to methodological issues and feasibility concerns should raise awareness among PASS stakeholders to design more thoughtful studies according to pharmacoepidemiological principles and existing guidelines.
Collaborative youth mental health service users, immigration, poverty, and family environment
Authors: Nadeau Lucie , Lecompte Vanessa , Johnson‐Lafleur Janique , Pontbriand Annie , Rousseau Cécile 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThis article examines the association between immigration, poverty and family environment, and the emotional and behavioral problems reported by youth and their family receiving mental health (MH) services within a collaborative care model in a multiethnic neighborhood.MethodParticipants in this study were 140 parent–child dyads that are part of an ongoing longitudinal project looking at the association between individual, familial, social and organizational factors, and outcomes of youth receiving MH services in local health and social service organizations in the Montreal area. Measures included in this study were collected at the initial phase of the longitudinal project (Time 0). Parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Family Environment Scale (FES), and both parents and children completed the Strength and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsResults suggest that the family environment, especially family conflicts, has a significant role in the MH problems of children seeking help in collaborative MH services. In this specific population, results also show a trend, but not a statistically significant association, between poverty or immigration and emotional and behavioral problems. They suggest as well that boys show more MH problems, although this could be a contamination effect (parents’ perspective).ConclusionsThe results support the importance of interventions that not only target the child symptomatology but also address family dynamics, especially conflicts. Collaborative care models may be particularly well suited to allow for a coherent consideration of family environmental factors in youth mental health and to support primary care settings in addressing these issues.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1, 2, 4‐oxadiazole derivatives as novel GPR119 agonists
Authors: Fu Suhong , Xiang Wei , Chen Jinying , Ma Liang , Chen Lijuan 
Published: October 2016

A series of 1, 2, 4‐oxadiazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized, and 25 compounds were evaluated their abilities by the assay of cAMP concentration in GPR119‐transfected HEK293T cells. All compounds showed acceptable agonistic effects on GPR119. Among these compounds, 4p exhibited the best agonistic effects with the EC50 of 20.6 nm, which was comparable to that of positive control GPR119 agonist GSK1292263. The agonistic activity of these 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives led to the establishment of a structure–activity relationship.
Left ventricular stiffness predicts outcome in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Conte Lorenzo , Fabiani Iacopo , Pugliese Nicola R. , Giannini Cristina , La Carruba Salvatore , Angelillis Marco , Spontoni Paolo , De Carlo Marco , Petronio Anna Sonia , Di Bello Vitantonio 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesAssessment of the prognostic role of left ventricular stiffness (LVS) in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).MethodsWe performed a complete two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic study before and after TAVI in patients with severe AS at high surgical risk. In order to assess LVS, we measured LV end‐diastolic pressure (EDP) invasively during TAVI and LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV) by means of echocardiography. We defined LVS as the EDV indexed by body surface area at an EDP of 20 mm Hg (EDVI20). Our aim was to assess the impact of LVS on one‐year all‐cause mortality after TAVI.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐six patients undergoing TAVI (64% female; mean age 82.7 ± 5.1 years) were enrolled. Seven patients died within the first 30 days after TAVI and 21 within 1 year. Overall follow‐up duration was 580 ± 478 days. At multivariate analysis, independent predictors of 1‐year all‐cause mortality were moderate‐to‐severe paravalvular leak (PVL; HR 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9‐11, P=.0003), female gender (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.0‐12, P=.045), and EDVI20 (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90‐0.98, P=.015). In particular, patients with higher LVS (EDVI20≤48 mL/m2) had a 1‐year mortality of 26.9% vs 7.4% in patients with lower LVS (EDVI20>48 mL/m2; HR 4.2, 95% CI 1.6‐10.6, P=.0007). Patients with higher LVS who developed moderate‐to‐severe PVL had the worst outcome (incremental chi‐square test, P=.014).ConclusionIn patients with AS, an increased LVS has a negative prognostic impact. Development of significant PVL in patients with higher LVS had an incremental adverse effect.