bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Boundary Ambiguity Among Transgender Youth
Authors: Catalpa Jory M. , McGuire Jenifer K. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo explore family boundary ambiguity in the parent–child relationships of transgender youth.BackgroundTransgender youth may perceive a lack of clarity about whether parents will accept their authentic gender expression, continue to support them physically and emotionally, and regard them as a member of the family. Uncertainty about being in or out of the family and whether family relationships endure is stressful and can lead to psychological distress, a sense of ambiguous loss, and frozen grief.MethodEthnographic content analysis was conducted based on interviews with 90 transgender youth recruited from community centers in 10 regions across 3 countries.ResultsNarratives revealed that transgender youth experienced family boundary ambiguity related to relational ambiguity, structural ambiguity, and identity ambiguity. Each experience of ambiguity obscured whether participants remained in the family and interpersonally connected to their parents.ConclusionTransgender youth actively navigated complex and ambiguous parent–child relationships whereby participants attempted to reconcile their need for authentic gender expression combined with their need for family connectedness and acceptance.ImplicationsFamily clinicians, educators, and policymakers are urged to consider family and transgender resilience through a lens of ambiguous loss and to promote a gender‐affirmative life‐span approach to clinical care for transgender individuals and their families.
Atypical familial Mediterranean fever developed in a long‐term hemodialysis patient
Authors: Makino Toshiyuki , Ohara Yoshitatsu , Kobayashi Namiko , Kono Yohei , Nomizu Ayumu , Ichijo Mariko , Mori Yutaro , Matsui Noriaki , Kishida Dai , Toda Takayuki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFamilial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is usually an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and serositis. FMF develops before the age of 20 years in 90% of patients. It has intervals of 1 week to several years between attacks, which leads to renal dysfunction—amyloidosis. We report a case of atypical FMF that developed in a long‐term hemodialysis patient. A 65‐year‐old Japanese female undergoing hemodialysis for 32 years was referred to our hospital with a fever of unknown origin (FUO) following cervical laminoplasty. The fever occurred as recurrent attacks accompanied by oligoarthralgia of the left hip and knee. We suspected FMF because of recurrent self‐limited febrile attacks, although the patient showed atypical clinical features such as late‐onset and highly frequent attacks. After receiving treatment, she achieved a complete response to colchicine. Therefore, a diagnosis of FMF was made based on the Tel‐Hashomer criteria, which was confirmed by genetic testing. The case suggests that FMF may be of note in long‐term hemodialysis patients developing FUO.
Influences for gender disparity in dermatology in North America
Authors: Shah Ahmed , Jalal Sabeena , Khosa Faisal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite constituting half the population, women represent a minority of active physicians and hold a small proportion of faculty leadership positions in North America. However, dermatology is one of the few specialties where women comprise a substantial portion of the workforce. This study explores extent and contributors to gender disparity in academic dermatology faculty positions, leadership, and research.MethodsWe collected data on academic faculty including leadership from the websites of accredited U.S. and Canadian dermatology faculties. We used PubMed and SCOPUS to collect faculty research information including h‐index, number of publications, citations, and years of active research.ResultsAlthough women constitute almost half of all dermatologists in the U.S. and Canada (47.9%), only one‐fourth (26.1%) of all faculty heads are women. Furthermore, the proportion of women in higher faculty ranks (Assistant Professor, Associate Professors, and Professors) is much lower than males. Female dermatologists also have fewer publications, citations, and years of active research. Interestingly, having a female in a leadership position is associated with a higher proportion of female dermatologists in the faculty.ConclusionsGender disparity exists in academic dermatology, and the current academics fail to account for the enormous social challenges that women face, which may put them at a disadvantage to career advancement. Among other factors, better representation of female leadership may encourage and inspire women joining academic faculties in the future.
Experiences of case management with chronic illnesses: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Joo J.Y. , Liu M.F. 
Published: January 2018

AimThis qualitative systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize recent qualitative studies to improve understanding of the experiences and perceptions of case management interventions that individuals with chronic illnesses and their caregivers have.Background/IntroductionCase management has been shown to be effective at improving quality of care and lowering costs for individuals with chronic illnesses. However, no qualitative review has been synthesized with recent qualitative studies about case management experiences by individual with chronic illnesses.MethodsThis qualitative systematic review uses a thematic synthesis method to review 10 qualitative studies published within the last 10 years, from 2007 to 2016, thereby identifying and discussing the understandings that individuals with chronic illnesses and their caregivers have about case management.ResultsFrom this synthesis, three themes were identified as facilitators of case management (access to healthcare resources, health status supports and emotional aid) and two themes were identified as barriers to it (low information about case management and time constraints).ConclusionsThis is the first qualitative systematic review of the perceptions and experiences that individuals with chronic illnesses and their caregivers have about case management. The facilitators of case management can be employed to inform patients about the benefits of case management and to improve population health.Implications for nursing and health policyThe findings about barriers to case management can be used to reform case management for populations with chronic illnesses. These factors should be considered by nursing researchers and healthcare policymakers when implementing case management.
Progress towards a methodology for high throughput 3D reconstruction of soot nanoparticles via electron tomography
Authors: HAFFNER‐STATON E. , LA ROCCA A. , FAY M.W. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe aim of this work is to make progress towards the development of 3D reconstruction as a legitimate alternative to traditional 2D characterization of soot. Time constraints are the greatest opposition to its implementation, as currently reconstruction of a single soot particle takes around 5–6 h to complete. As such, the accuracy and detail gains are currently insufficient to challenge 2D characterization of a representative sample (e.g. 200 particles). This work is a consideration of the optimization of the steps included within the computational reconstruction and manual segmentation of soot particles. Our optimal process reduced the time required by over 70% in comparison to a typical procedure, whilst producing models with no appreciable decrease in quality.
An orientation‐independent DIC microscope allows high resolution imaging of epithelial cell migration and wound healing in a cnidarian model
Authors: MALAMY J.E. , SHRIBAK M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryEpithelial cell dynamics can be difficult to study in intact animals or tissues. Here we use the medusa form of the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica, which is covered with a monolayer of epithelial cells, to test the efficacy of an orientation‐independent differential interference contrast microscope for in vivo imaging of wound healing. Orientation‐independent differential interference contrast provides an unprecedented resolution phase image of epithelial cells closing a wound in a live, nontransgenic animal model. In particular, the orientation‐independent differential interference contrast microscope equipped with a 40x/0.75NA objective lens and using the illumination light with wavelength 546 nm demonstrated a resolution of 460 nm. The repair of individual cells, the adhesion of cells to close a gap, and the concomitant contraction of these cells during closure is clearly visualized.
Food security, obesity, and inequality: Measuring the risk of exposure to the neoliberal diet
Authors: Otero Gerardo , Gürcan Efe Can , Pechlaner Gabriela , Liberman Giselle 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn reviewing the so‐called obesity “epidemic”, we critique the individual‐focused explanations that also lead to interventions at this level. Instead, we suggest a different possibility: that food choices are structurally conditioned by income inequality, first; and, second, that we eat what huge oligopolistic food producers and distributors have on offer, which is in turn shaped or facilitated by neoliberal state intervention. To highlight the relevance of structural factors, we develop an index that measures the risk of exposure to what we call the “neoliberal diet” for low‐to‐middle‐income working classes. Using this index, we compare the United States and Canada, advanced capitalist countries that are also agro‐export powerhouses, with a group of countries including the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) plus Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey. We conclude that state interventions need to refocus on reducing social inequality and the social determinants of food production and distribution. Transcending individualistic and consumption approaches will help us appreciate that the state, not the individual consumer, is best positioned to implement change when it comes to food “choices” and food production.
A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the canine cytochrome b5 reductase (CYB5R3) gene is associated with sulfonamide hypersensitivity and is overrepresented in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: Reinhart J. M. , Ekena J. , Cioffi A. C. , Trepanier L. A. 
Published: January 2018

Canine sulfonamide hypersensitivity (HS) has been associated with a variant in the cytochrome b5 reductase gene (CYB5R3 729A>G), which encodes a drug‐detoxifying enzyme. Study objectives were to determine variant allele frequency in Doberman Pinschers (DOBE), a breed which may be predisposed to sulfonamide HS, and to characterize the effects of CYB5R3 729G on gene expression and function. CYB5R3 729A>G allele frequencies were compared between DOBE (n = 24) vs. non‐Doberman (non‐DOBE; n = 60) dogs. CYB5R3mRNA expression, protein expression, and reduction of sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine were compared between banked canine liver samples of 729AA vs. GG genotype. The 729G allele was overrepresented in DOBE (1.00) vs. non‐DOBE dogs (0.567, p < .0001). mRNA and protein expressions as well as cyt b5 reductase activity were similar between livers of AA and GG genotype. All Doberman Pinschers in this study were homozygous for CYB5R3 729G, which could contribute to this breed's apparent predisposition to sulfonamide HS. However, CYB5R3 729G does not alter sulfamethoxazole detoxification capacity, so a direct role could not be demonstrated. It is possible that this marker is linked to another contributing variant.
Dispersal capacity of Haematopota spp. and Stomoxys calcitrans using a mark–release–recapture approach in Belgium
Authors: Lempereur L. , Sohier C. , Smeets F. , Maréchal F. , Berkvens D. , Madder M. , Francis F. , Losson B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dispersion potential of mechanical vectors is an important factor in the dissemination of pathogens. A mark–release–recapture experiment was implemented using two groups (unfed and partially fed) of the Tabanidae (Diptera) (Haematopota spp.) and biting Muscidae (Diptera) (Stomoxys calcitrans) most frequently collected in Belgium in order to evaluate their dispersion potential. In total, 2104 specimens of Haematopota spp. were collected directly from horses and 5396 S. calcitrans were collected in a cattle farm using hand‐nets. Some of these insects were partially fed in vitro and all were subsequently coloured. Overall, 67 specimens of S. calcitrans (1.2%) and 17 of Haematopota spp. (0.8%) were recaptured directly on horses. Stomoxys calcitrans flew maximum distances of 150 m and 300 m when partially fed and unfed, respectively. Haematopota spp. travelled maximum distances of 100 m and 200 m when partially fed and unfed, respectively. Segregation measures seem essential in order to reduce the risk for pathogen transmission. A distance of 150 m appears to be the minimum required for segregation to avoid the risk for mechanical transmission, but in areas of higher vector density, this should probably be increased.
The diagnostic value of the functional lumen imaging probe versus high‐resolution anorectal manometry in patients with fecal incontinence
Authors: Leroi A. M. , Melchior C. , Charpentier C. , Bridoux V. , Savoye‐Collet C. , Houivet E. , Ducrotté P. , Gourcerol G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP®) is a new technology that measures the distensibility of the anal canal represented by the anal distensibility index. The aims of this study were (i) to compare the anal distensibility index to anal pressure in a cohort of patients with fecal incontinence (FI) and (ii) to compare the diagnostic value of the EndoFLIP® to that of high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) in the same cohort of patients.MethodsEighty‐three consecutive patients with FI who underwent EndoFLIP® and HRAM assessments were enrolled. The diagnostic value of the EndoFLIP® was compared to that of HRAM and agreement between EndoFLIP® and HRAM data was assessed.Key ResultsMore than 70% of the patients diagnosed with anal deficiency at rest and/or during voluntary contractions by HRAM had the same diagnosis using the EndoFLIP®. Two patients with higher distensibility indexes at rest had normal anal resting pressures. Sixteen patients with a normal EndoFLIP® index (ie, normal distensibility index at rest and during voluntary contractions) had an abnormal HRAM result. Seven of these 16 patients (44%) had no sphincter lesion or neuropathic disorder that could explain an abnormal anal sphincter function.Conclusions & InferencesWe demonstrated that the anal distensibility index and HRAM results are largely in agreement. We did, however, identify several discrepancies between the two techniques, indicating that they may be complementary.
Is the widely used two‐factor structure of the Ruminative Responses Scale invariant across different samples of women?
Authors: Lucena‐Santos Paola , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Carvalho Sérgio A. , Oliveira Margareth da Silva 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesAlthough the Ruminative Responses Scale is one of the most widely used measures of rumination, its two‐factor structure remains controversial. Taking this into account, we aimed to test the RRS‐10 two‐factor invariance (Brazilian version) between different samples of women and to study its internal consistency and convergent validity.MethodsA sample of 321 women (general population, n = 106; college students, n = 115; and medical population of patients with overweight and obesity, n = 100) participated in the study. The two‐factor structure of RRS‐10 was assessed by CFA and multigroup analysis using Mplus software. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and the convergent validity by Pearson correlations.ResultsThe two‐factor structure of RRS‐10 showed a good fit, factorial invariance across three samples, good internal consistency, and adequate convergent validity. Brooding and Reflection subscales were both positively correlated with psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, although Brooding presented significantly stronger associations with these variables than Reflection.ConclusionsThis study provides further discussion and evidence regarding the RRS‐10 two‐factor structure, as well as a valid version of RRS‐10 to use in Brazil in order to reliably assess rumination in medical and research settings.Practitioner points

This is the first study to test and confirm the RRS two‐factor structure invariance across groups.

RRS‐10 two‐dimensionality was confirmed in medical and non‐medical samples of women.

Brooding subscale showed significantly stronger relationships with psychopathology and experiential avoidance than Reflection.

The study provides evidence that RRS can be used as a valid and sound measure to accurately assess the clinically relevant dimensions of rumination simultaneously across distinct groups.
Developmental control of hypoxia during bud burst in grapevine
Authors: Meitha Karlia , Agudelo‐Romero Patricia , Signorelli Santiago , Gibbs Daniel J. , Considine John A. , Foyer Christine H. , Considine Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDormant or quiescent buds of woody perennials are often dense and in the case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) have a low tissue oxygen status. The precise timing of the decision to resume growth is difficult to predict, but once committed, the increase in tissue oxygen status is rapid and developmentally regulated. Here, we show that more than a third of the grapevine homologues of widely conserved hypoxia‐responsive genes and nearly a fifth of all grapevine genes possessing a plant hypoxia‐responsive promoter element were differentially regulated during bud burst, in apparent harmony with resumption of meristem identity and cell‐cycle gene regulation. We then investigated the molecular and biochemical properties of the grapevine ERF‐VII homologues, which in other species are oxygen labile and function in transcriptional regulation of hypoxia‐responsive genes. Each of the 3 VvERF‐VIIs were substrates for oxygen‐dependent proteolysis in vitro, as a function of the N‐terminal cysteine. Collectively, these data support an important developmental function of oxygen‐dependent signalling in determining the timing and effective coordination bud burst in grapevine. In addition, novel regulators, including GASA‐, TCP‐, MYB3R‐, PLT‐, and WUS‐like transcription factors, were identified as hallmarks of the orderly and functional resumption of growth following quiescence in buds.
H2O2 mediates nitrate‐induced iron chlorosis by regulating iron homeostasis in rice
Authors: Chen Haifei , Zhang Quan , Cai Hongmei , Zhou Wei , Xu Fangsen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe uptake of nitrate by plant roots causes a pH increment in rhizosphere and leads to iron (Fe) deficiency in rice. However, little is known about the mechanism how the nitrate uptake‐induced high rhizosphere pH causes Fe deficiency. Here, we found that rice showed severe leaf chlorosis and large amounts of Fe plaque were aggregated on the root surface and intercellular space outside the exodermis in a form of ferrihydrite under alkaline conditions. In this case, there was significantly decreased Fe concentration in shoots, and the Fe deficiency responsive genes were strongly induced in the roots. The high rhizosphere pH induced excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the epidermis due to the increasing expression of NADPH‐oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog 1, which enhanced root oxidation ability and improved the Fe plaque formation in rhizosphere. Further, the concentrated H2O2 regulated the phenylpropanoid metabolism with increased lignin biosynthesis and decreased phenolics secretion, which blocked apoplast Fe mobilization efficiency. These factors coordinately repressed the Fe utilization in rhizosphere and led to Fe deficiency in rice under high pH. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that nitrate uptake‐induced rhizosphere alkalization led to Fe deficiency in rice, through H2O2‐dependent manners of root oxidation ability and phenylpropanoid metabolism.
Molecular characterization of a series of 990 index patients with albinism
Authors: Lasseaux Eulalie , Plaisant Claudio , Michaud Vincent , Pennamen Perrine , Trimouille Aurelien , Gaston Laetitia , Monfermé Solène , Lacombe Didier , Rooryck Caroline , Morice‐Picard Fanny , Arveiler Benoît 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAlbinism is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by variable degrees of hypopigmentation and by nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, and chiasmatic misrouting of the optic nerves. The wide phenotypic heterogeneity impedes the establishment of phenotype–genotype correlations. To obtain a precise diagnosis, we screened the 19 known albinism genes in 990 index patients using targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and high‐resolution comparative genomic hybridization. A molecular diagnosis was obtained in 72.32% of patients. A total of 243 new pathogenic variants were identified. Intragenic rearrangements represented 10.8% of all pathogenic alleles. NGS panel analysis allowed establishing a diagnosis for the rarest forms of the disease, which could not be diagnosed otherwise. Because of the clinical overlap between the different forms of the disease, diagnosis nowadays clearly relies on molecular grounds.
Security Investment in Contagious Networks
Authors: Hasheminasab Seyed Alireza , Tork Ladani Behrouz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSecurity of the systems is normally interdependent in such a way that security risks of one part affect other parts and threats spread through the vulnerable links in the network. So, the risks of the systems can be mitigated through investments in the security of interconnecting links. This article takes an innovative look at the problem of security investment of nodes on their vulnerable links in a given contagious network as a game‐theoretic model that can be applied to a variety of applications including information systems. In the proposed game model, each node computes its corresponding risk based on the value of its assets, vulnerabilities, and threats to determine the optimum level of security investments on its external links respecting its limited budget. Furthermore, direct and indirect nonlinear influences of a node's security investment on the risks of other nodes are considered. The existence and uniqueness of the game's Nash equilibrium in the proposed game are also proved. Further analysis of the model in a practical case revealed that taking advantage of the investment effects of other players, perfectly rational players (i.e., those who use the utility function of the proposed game model) make more cost‐effective decisions than selfish nonrational or semirational players.
What the non‐nephrologist needs to know about dialysis
Authors: Foy Matt , Sperati C. John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe End‐Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program now serves approximately 675,000 individuals in the United States at a cost of $26.1 billion to the Medicare system. Given the size of this population, healthcare providers from all disciplines will deliver care to patients on dialysis. Mortality remains high among patients on chronic dialysis, with 42.3% surviving 5 years. As this is a vulnerable population, it is important in the care of ESRD patients that non‐nephrologists have a working knowledge of issues germane to dialysis. This review examines the physiology, mechanics, complications, and care delivery concerns of kidney dialysis modalities relevant to the non‐nephrologist. The majority of patients receive in‐center hemodialysis thrice weekly, with a small proportion on home‐based therapies such as peritoneal dialysis or home hemodialysis. Inpatients may undergo hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and in critically ill patients, continuous renal replacement therapies are utilized. Practical aspects of each of these modalities are discussed.