bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for enhancing productivity, resilience, nutritional quality, and consumption of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] for food and nutritional security in India
Authors: Yadav O. P. , Gupta S. K. , Govindaraj M. , Singh D. V. , Verma A. , Sharma R. , Mahala R. S. , Srivastava S. K. , Birthal P. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an important component of agri‐food system in areas experiencing drought and high temperature and for increasing the resilience to climatic stresses and addressing malnutrition. The purpose of this review is to examine strategies for improving productivity, stress resilience, and nutritional quality of pearl millet and to understand its consumption pattern. Genetic diversification of hybrid parental lines remains strategically important to breed diverse, disease‐resistant and drought‐tolerant hybrids. Resistance to diseases, tolerance to drought, and high temperature and greater contents of iron and zinc are targeted in improving hybrid parental lines. Lodging resistance, compact panicles, panicle exertion, and improved seed set are universal traits, whereas duration, tillering ability, seed color, and seed size have a strong regional preference. The strategy of developing high‐yielding and disease‐resistant hybrids with adaptation to challenged agro‐ecologies has led to increase in yield from 303 to 1219 kg/ha between 1960 and 2020. Yield and stress resilience are to be increased further using conventional breeding and new tools like genomic selection, speed breeding, genome editing, and precision phenotyping. Mainstreaming grain nutritional traits, viz., iron and zinc contents in genetic improvement are essential to develop high‐yielding and nutrient‐rich pearl millet. There is need to enhance the consumption of pearl millet by strengthening existing value‐chain, providing consumer a choice of diverse range of food products, creating awareness about its health benefits and promotion through government schemes.
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Stern Casey M. , Graver Haley , McPherson Iman , Gydus Julia , Kambanis P. Evelyna , Breithaupt Lauren , Burton‐Murray Helen , Zayas Lázaro , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Becker Kendra R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite substantial research indicating difficulties with emotion regulation across eating disorder presentations, emotion regulation has yet to be studied in adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). We hypothesized that (1) those with ARFID would report greater overall emotion regulation difficulties than nonclinical participants, and (2) those with ARFID would not differ from those with other eating disorders on the level of emotion regulation difficulty.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐seven adults (age 18–30) from an outpatient clinic with ARFID (n = 27), with other primarily restrictive eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa; n = 34), and with binge/purge eating disorders (e.g., bulimia nervosa; n = 51), as well as nonclinical participants (n = 25) recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We compared DERS scores across groups.ResultsIn line with expectations, patients with ARFID scored significantly higher than nonclinical participants on the DERS Total (p = 0.01) with a large effect size (d = 0.87). Also as hypothesized, those with ARFID did not differ from those with other primarily restrictive (p = 0.99) or binge/purge disorders (p = 0.29) on DERS Total.DiscussionAdults with ARFID appear to exhibit emotion regulation difficulties which are greater than nonclinical participants, and commensurate with other eating disorders. These findings highlight the possibility of emotion regulation difficulties as a maintenance mechanism for ARFID.
Anatomical traits explain drought response of seedlings from wet tropical forests
Authors: Jhaveri Rishiddh , Cannanbilla Lakshmipriya , Bhat K. S. Arpitha , Sankaran Mahesh , Krishnadas Meghna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWater availability regulates plant community dynamics but the drought response of seedlings remains poorly known, despite their vulnerability, especially for the Asian tropics. In particular, discerning how functional traits of seedlings mediate drought response can aid generalizable predictions of tree responses to global environmental change. We assessed interspecific variation in drought response explained by above‐ and below‐ground seedling traits. We conducted a dry‐down experiment in the greenhouse using 16 tree species from the humid forests of Western Ghats in southern India, chosen to represent differences in affinity to conditions of high and low seasonal drought (seasonality affiliation). We compared survival, growth, and photosynthetic performance under drought and well‐watered conditions and assessed the extent to which species' responses were explained by seasonality affiliation and 12 traits of root, stem and leaf. We found that the species from seasonally dry forest reduced photosynthetic rate in drought compared with well‐watered conditions, but seasonality affiliation did not explain differences in growth and survival. Performance in drought vs well‐watered conditions were best explained by anatomical traits of xylem, veins and stomata. Species with larger xylem reduced their growth and photosynthesis to tolerate desiccation. In drought, species with smaller stomata correlated with lower survival even though photosynthetic activity decreased by a larger extent with larger stomata. Overall, anatomical traits of xylem and stomata, directly related to water transport and gas‐exchange, played a more prominent role than commonly used traits (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content) in explaining species response to drought, and may offer a good proxy for physiological traits related to drought tolerance of seedlings.
The impact of elevation and prediction of climate change on an ultra high‐elevation ectotherm
Authors: Gao Jie , Wei Zian , Jin Yuanting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change may affect the survival and reproduction of ectotherms. The toad‐headed lizard Phrynocephalus theobaldi, which holds the distinction of occupying the highest elevation among all reptile species on Earth, with an elevational range from 3600 to 5000 m, represents an ideal model for studying the adaptations to climatic changes across elevational gradients. Here, we used mechanistic and hybrid species distribution models (HSDM) together with characteristic measurements of thermal biology (CTmax, CTmin, and Tsel) to simulate and compare the distribution and activity periods of the lizard across elevations in response to climate change. NicheMapR simulations using only climate factors predicted that all populations will be negatively impacted by climate change (+3°C) by suffering a reduced distribution. However, the impact was clearly reduced in simulations that accounted for thermal physiological traits. Longer activity periods were predicted for all populations during climate change. The suitable distribution is predicted to change slightly, with an increase anticipated for both high and low elevation populations. However, the forecast indicates a more pronounced increase in suitable habitats for populations at higher elevations (>4200 m) compared to those at lower elevations (<4200 m). This study underscores the key influence of climate change on population establishment and stresses the importance of physiological traits in distribution simulation for future studies to understand the potential constraints in animal adaptation to extreme high environments.
Symbiosis between the Javan rhinoceros and slender‐billed crow: A novel inferred cleaning mutualism
Authors: Stone Montana M. , Afriandi Herry , Suwanda Firmanto Noviar , Andono Ardi , Mahmud Rois , Khairani Oktavia K. , Clark Anne B. , Webster Michael , McGowan Kevin , Radcliffe Robin W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the past century, the Javan rhinoceroses' (Rhinoceros sondaicus) secluded nature and low population size have led to a gap in knowledge of their ecology. With fewer than 80 individuals surviving in a single population in West Java, Indonesia, the Javan rhinoceros is one of the most critically endangered mammals in the world. As part of a pilot bioacoustics study of the Javan rhinoceros in 2019, we systematically reviewed camera trap footage from the core Javan rhinoceros range in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). In doing so, we discovered a previously unknown interaction between the Javan rhinoceros and the slender‐billed crow (Corvus enca), in which the crow finds and eats ectoparasites from the rhinoceros (Figure 1). We describe this interaction and suggest that it may represent a cleaning mutualism with benefits for both the crow and the rhinoceros.
Poly‐ADP‐ribosylation dynamics, signaling, and analysis
Authors: Al‐Rahahleh Rasha Q. , Sobol Robert W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractADP‐ribosylation is a reversible post‐translational modification that plays a role as a signaling mechanism in various cellular processes. This modification is characterized by its structural diversity, highly dynamic nature, and short half‐life. Hence, it is tightly regulated at many levels by cellular factors that fine‐tune its formation, downstream signaling, and degradation that together impacts cellular outcomes. Poly‐ADP‐ribosylation is an essential signaling mechanism in the DNA damage response that mediates the recruitment of DNA repair factors to sites of DNA damage via their poly‐ADP‐ribose (PAR)‐binding domains (PBDs). PAR readers, encoding PBDs, convey the PAR signal to mediate cellular outcomes that in some cases can be dictated by PAR structural diversity. Several PBD families have been identified, each with variable PAR‐binding affinity and specificity, that also recognize and bind to distinct parts of the PAR chain. PARylation signaling has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of specific cancer types, as the inhibition of PAR formation or degradation can selectively eliminate cancer cells with specific DNA repair defects and can enhance radiation or chemotherapy response. In this review, we summarize the key players of poly‐ADP‐ribosylation and its regulation and highlight PBDs as tools for studying PARylation dynamics and the expanding potential to target PARylation signaling in cancer treatment.
Energy, exergy, exergy‐economic, and environmental evaluation of an optimized hybrid photovoltaic heat pump system with solar collector and PCM
Authors: Ghodrati Armin , Ahmadi Abolfazl , Mirhosseini Mojtaba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNowadays, the use of hybrid systems has become very common all over the world. In this study, the aim is to minimize the use of grid energy to provide heating and cooling energy with the help of a hybrid heat pump equipped with a flat solar collector, phase change material (PCM), and photovoltaic (PV) panels. To achieve the best results, a numerical dynamic model consisting of different solar PV panels in three models, batteries, inverters, and hybrid heat pump along with collector and PCM has been modeled by solving Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and TRNSYS software. According to the proposed scenarios, multi‐objective optimization has been done to simultaneously improve the study answers in several sections by multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with MATLAB software. Also, economic and environmental optimization is also presented separately for comparing and reviewing solutions. The results of multi‐objective optimization show that the amount of lifecycle cost (LCC) when using polycrystalline panel is 21.26% lower than monocrystalline panel and 38.71% higher than thin film panel. As a result, according to the specific conditions and attitude, you can choose the desired system. Also, in the economic optimization, it was found that the best system is related to the polycrystalline panel, the volume of PCM used in the system is equal to 1 , the number of panels used is 18, and the minimum amount of LCC is $3929.08.
Role of MgO in Al2O3‐supported Fe catalysts for hydrogen and carbon nanotubes formation during catalytic methane decomposition
Authors: Bayazed Mohammed O. , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. , Fakeeha Anis H. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Alromaeh Abdulaziz I. , Frusteri Francesco , Abu Dahrieh Jehad K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCatalytic methane decomposition is a promising technology for reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating the effects of climate change by producing clean hydrogen and value‐added carbon without the emission of greenhouse gases. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of Al2O3‐modified MgO doped iron‐based catalysts for the catalytic decomposition of methane. The catalysts were synthesized using the impregnation method and characterized using various analysis techniques, including Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed oxidation, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The activity of the synthesized catalysts was tested in a packed‐bed reactor with a gas flow rate of 20 mL/min at a temperature of 800°C. The investigation focuses on the influence of incorporating magnesium into alumina catalysts with MgO concentration ranging from (20%–70%), where higher magnesium levels improve catalytic activity by creating more active sites, positively impacting methane decomposition. Enhanced catalyst reducibility and increased particle dispersion lead to improved catalytic properties despite the reduced surface area. The FA70M and FA63M catalysts exhibited almost the same catalytic characteristics and the highest stability and methane conversion among the catalysts investigated, reaching 87% and 85% at 800°C for 120 min. Moreover, both catalysts showed hydrogen yields of 86% and 85%, respectively. The introduction of MgO further increased the total carbon yield from 103% with FA and 39% for FM to 114% and 120% for the respective catalysts (FA70M and FA63M). During the methane decomposition reaction, carbon nanotubes of varying diameters were produced. Higher iron loading resulted in a positive trend.
International Workers' Day: Consumption Patterns of Morphine, Codeine, and Methamphetamine in Urban and Rural Areas Based on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology
Authors: Li Wen , Lu Jianjiang , Zhao Haijun , Zhao Jie , Yan Yujun , Xu Yan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a reliable means to estimate drug consumption in a specific population. By measuring the concentration of drug residues or metabolites in wastewater, the consumption behavior pattern of a specific population can be deduced. Using the WBE method, the present study, for the first time, continuously monitored the differences in the consumption of morphine (MOR), codeine (CODE), and methamphetamine (METH) in three wastewater-treatment plants in a city and two surrounding villages in Xinjiang, China during International Workers' Day and the following week. The wastewater samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Methamphetamine was not detected in rural areas and was detected only on International Workers' Day in urban areas. According to the estimation of per capita consumption, the per capita consumption of MOR, CODE, and METH in urban inhabitants was 12.04 to 23.39, 10.44 to 16.39, and 1.31 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. The per capita consumption of MOR and CODE in rural areas was 5.19 to 8.35 and 2.56 to 3.52 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. The consumption of MOR in urban and rural areas was significantly higher than that of CODE and METH. During International Workers' Day, workdays, and weekends, the consumption of MOR and CODE in urban areas is significantly higher than that in rural areas. Compared with those on weekends, the consumption of urban MOR and CODE increased more during International Workers' Day. The consumption of MOR in urban areas showed a weekend effect. The present study can provide information for subsequent research and government departments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2569–2577. © 2024 SETAC
Evaluating the Effects of Diet on the Sensitivity of Hyalella azteca to an “Eco-friendly” Deicing Agent
Authors: Kohler Paige , Yates Rebecca E. , Tomlinson Greysen R. , Harwood Amanda D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Salting of roadways contaminates local waterways via snowmelt and precipitation runoff, eliciting various toxicological impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Recently, “eco-friendly” deicing alternatives have been introduced in hopes of mitigating environmental impacts of deicing agents, while maintaining human safety. These “eco-friendly” alternatives may pose their own set of environmental concerns that require further study. While the potential toxicity of road salts has been evaluated for various aquatic species, the environmental factors that may influence this toxicity are less understood; and for emerging deicing alternatives, there is a lack of literature documenting these potential implications. For aquatic organisms, the highest exposure to road salts may coincide with reduced food availability, namely during the winter months. The present study evaluates the effect of a conditioning diet on the sensitivity of adult Hyalella azteca to an “eco-friendly”-labeled beet deicer (Snow Joe MELT Beet-IT). Various conditioning diets were examined, including TetraMinTM, TetraMin and diatom (Thalassiosira weissflogii) combinations, and TetraMin and conditioned Acer sacharum leaves. For each diet type, 48- and 96-h water-only toxicity bioassays were conducted with adult H. azteca. These results were compared to organisms which experienced a 96-h starvation period prior to exposure and culture organisms. Diet types representing excess quality and quantity of food significantly decreased the toxicity of beet deicer to the organisms. However, starvation likely increases the toxicity of road salts to H. azteca. Therefore, the quantity and quality of food available to H. azteca may influence their sensitivity to deicing agents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2608–2615. © 2024 SETAC
Numerical investigation of the impact of inlet and outlet ports of water jet impingement cooling modules
Authors: Tarek Noura , Nabil Mahmoud , Hassan Muhammed A. , Kayed Hatem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ever‐growing applications of high‐power chips have driven research efforts to enhance the performance of their active cooling modules. This study proposes a simple tweak of the cooling module's ports for lower thermal resistance. A dual‐inlet single‐outlet (CP2) jet impingement cold plate (JICP), a dual‐inlet dual‐outlet (CP3) JICP, and a single‐inlet dual‐outlet (CP4) JICP were assessed computationally and benchmarked against a single‐inlet single‐outlet JICP (CP1) at the same area ratio (AR) and average diameter (Davg) of inlet and outlet ports. The results show that the pressure losses inflate by up to 4.67 folds when using CP3 with AR = 5/3 and Davg = 3.0 mm. Yet, this design also shows the largest Nusselt number and the lowest outlet water temperature, module body temperature, average temperature of the target surface, and thermal resistance (0.07415 K/W). The thermal resistance is reduced by 34.13% using CP3 at AR = 3/5 and Davg = 6.0 mm. The temperature uniformity index was boosted to 97.5%. These enhancements are attributed to the shorter and symmetric flow path, the shorter residence time of water within the JICP, and the direct heat diffusion by the walls of the lower chamber.
Obesity aggravates the role of C‐reactive protein on knee pain: A cross‐sectional analysis with NHANES data
Authors: Luo Ling , Li Mingzi , Huang Wenlong , Zhang Siying , Sun Jianbo , Zhang Bingsong , Hu Wei , Yu Haibing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and knee pain, and further explore whether this association is mediated by obesity.MethodsThe population was derived from 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between CRP and knee pain in three different models, and the linear trend was analyzed. A restricted cubic spline model to assess the nonlinear dose−response relationship between CRP and knee pain. Mediation analyses were used to assess the potential mediating role of obesity. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure robustness.ResultsCompared with adults with lower CRP (first quartile), those with higher CRP had higher risks of knee pain (odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.12−1.72 in third quartile; 1.56, 1.25−1.95 in fourth quartile) after adjusting for covariates (except body mass index [BMI]), and the proportion mediated by BMI was 76.10% (p < .001). BMI and CRP were linear dose−response correlated with knee pain. The odds ratio for those with obesity compared with normal to knee pain was 2.27 (1.42−3.65) in the first quartile of CRP, 1.99 (1.38−2.86) in the second, 2.15 (1.38−3.33) in the third, and 2.92 (1.72−4.97) in the fourth.ConclusionObesity mediated the systemic inflammation results in knee pain in US adults. Moreover, higher BMI was associated with higher knee pain risk in different degree CRP subgroups, supporting an important role of weight loss in reducing knee pain caused by systemic inflammation.
Impact of Microparticle Transarterial Chemoembolization (mTACE) on myeloid‐derived suppressor cell subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical correlations and therapeutic implications
Authors: Yue Yuanxun , Ren Zhizhong , Wang Yaqin , Liu Ying , Yang Xiaowei , Wang Tianxiao , Bai Yating , Zhou He , Chen Qian , Li Sujun , Zhang Yuewei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a pivotal role in immunosuppression and tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While various treatments like surgical resection, ablation, and radiotherapy have been studied for their effects on circulating MDSC frequencies in HCC patients, the findings remain inconclusive. Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) stands as the standard care for unresectable HCC, with Microparticle TACE (mTACE) gaining prominence for its capacity to induce significant tumor necrosis. However, the immunological ramifications of such pathological outcomes are scarcely reported.Methods and ResultsThis study aims to elucidate the alterations in MDSC subtypes, specifically monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) and early‐stage MDSCs (eMDSCs), post‐mTACE and to investigate their clinical correlations in HCC patients. A cohort comprising 75 HCC patients, 16 liver cirrhosis patients, and 20 healthy controls (HC) was studied. Peripheral blood samples were collected and analyzed for MDSC subtypes. The study also explored the associations between MDSC frequencies and various clinical parameters in HCC patients. The frequency of mMDSCs was significantly elevated in the HCC group compared to liver cirrhosis and HC. Importantly, mMDSC levels were strongly correlated with aggressive clinical features of HCC, including tumor size, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis. Post‐mTACE, a marked reduction in mMDSC frequencies was observed, while eMDSC levels remained stable.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the critical role of mMDSCs in HCC pathogenesis and their potential as a therapeutic target. The study also highlights the efficacy of mTACE in modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby opening new avenues for combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in HCC management.