bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyodeoxycholic acid derivatives as liver X receptor α and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor agonists
Authors: De Marino Simona , Carino Adriana , Masullo Dario , Finamore Claudia , Marchianò Silvia , Cipriani Sabrina , Di Leva Francesco Saverio , Catalanotti Bruno , Novellino Ettore , Limongelli Vittorio , Fiorucci Stefano , Zampella Angela 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBile acids are extensively investigated for their potential in the treatment of human disorders. The liver X receptors (LXRs), activated by oxysterols and by a secondary bile acid named hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), have been found essential in the regulation of lipid homeostasis in mammals. Unfortunately, LXRα activates lipogenic enzymes causing accumulation of lipid in the liver. In addition to LXRs, HDCA has been also shown to function as ligand for GPBAR1, a G protein coupled receptor for secondary bile acids whose activation represents a promising approach to liver steatosis. In the present study, we report a library of HDCA derivatives endowed with modulatory activity on the two receptors. The lead optimization of HDCA moiety was rationally driven by the structural information on the binding site of the two targets and results from pharmacological characterization allowed the identification of hyodeoxycholane derivatives with selective agonistic activity toward LXRα and GPBAR1 and notably to the identification of the first example of potent dual LXRα/GPBAR1 agonists. The new chemical entities might hold utility in the treatment of dyslipidemic disorders.
The Roles of Dopamine D2 Receptor in the Social Hierarchy of Rodents and Primates
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshie , Lee Young-A. , Kato Akemi , Jas Emanuel , Goto Yukiori 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDopamine (DA) plays significant roles in regulation of social behavior. In social groups of humans and other animals, social hierarchy exists, which is determined by several behavioral characteristics such as aggression and impulsivity as well as social affiliations. In this study, we investigated the effects of pharmacological blockade of DA D2 receptor on social hierarchy of Japanese macaque and mouse social groups. We found acute administration of the D2 antagonist, sulpiride, in socially housed Japanese macaques attenuated social dominance when the drug was given to high social class macaques. A similar attenuation of social dominance was observed in high social class mice with D2 antagonist administration. In contrast, D2 antagonist administration in low social class macaque resulted in more stable social hierarchy of the group, whereas such effect was not observed in mouse social group. These results suggest that D2 receptor signaling may play important roles in establishment and maintenance of social hierarchy in social groups of several species of animals.
Inhibition of p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis via targeting prolyl-isomerase Pin1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Feng Dongcheng , Yao Jihong , Wang Guangzhi , Li Zhenlu , Zu Guo , Li Yang , Luo Fuwen , Ning Shili , Qasim Wasim , Chen Zhao , Tian Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2017

Intestinal epithelial oxidative stress and apoptosis constitute key pathogenic mechanisms underlying intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We previously reported that the adaptor 66 kDa isoform of the adaptor molecule ShcA (p66Shc)-mediated pro-apoptotic pathway was activated after intestinal I/R. However, the upstream regulators of the p66Shc pathway involved in intestinal I/R remain to be fully identified. Here, we focused on the role of a prolyl-isomerase, peptidyl–prolyl cis–trans isomerase (Pin1), in the regulation of p66Shc activity during intestinal I/R. Intestinal I/R was induced in rats by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. Juglone (Pin1 inhibitor) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally before I/R challenge. Caco-2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to simulate an in vivo I/R model. We found that p66Shc was significantly up-regulated in the I/R intestine and that this up-regulation resulted in the accumulation of intestinal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and massive epithelial apoptosis. Moreover, intestinal I/R resulted in elevated protein expression and enzyme activity of Pin1 as well as increased interaction between Pin1 and p66Shc. This Pin1 activation was responsible for the translocation of p66Shc to the mitochondria during intestinal I/R, as Pin1 suppression by juglone or siRNA markedly blunted p66Shc mitochondrial translocation and the subsequent ROS generation and cellular apoptosis. Additionally, Pin1 inhibition alleviated gut damage and secondary lung injury, leading to improvement of survival after I/R. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that Pin1 inhibition protects against intestinal I/R injury, which could be partially attributed to the p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This may represent a novel prophylactic target for intestinal I/R injury.
Impact of Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiogram on Abdominal Flap Breast Reconstruction Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Clara , Mossa-Basha Malik 
Published: February 2017

Introduction CT angiogram (CTA) is widely believed to improve operative time and flap outcomes for perforator flap breast reconstruction, but the quality of the evidence is not known. We conducted a systematic review of the efficacy of preoperative CTA for abdominal perforator flap breast reconstruction.
Methods Inclusion criteria included published articles in English, CTA group, and control group, between 2000 and March 2013. Medline and PubMed were queried. Study quality criteria were developed based on standards of internal and external validity. One reviewer screened titles and abstracts. Two authors independently reviewed the full-text articles. Outcomes of interest were operative time and flap outcomes.
Results Ten publications met inclusion criteria. Study designs included retrospective or mixed prospective-retrospective cohorts. In every study, the control group time period preceded the CTA group time period and no studies adjusted for improved surgical skill (i.e., learning curve effect). Sample sizes ranged from 41 to 357. Five studies did not perform or provide statistical analysis for the results presented. The mean quality rating was 2.8 (out of a maximum of 7). Seven of 10 studies found a shorter operative time with CTA. Two of nine studies found fewer partial flap failures with CTA.
Conclusion CTA is associated with shorter operative time, but some of this may be due to a learning curve effect. The evidence does not show a difference in flap outcomes. The evidence in support of preoperative CTA is limited and subject to bias due to study design.
Venous Supercharging Reduces Complications and Improves Outcomes of Distally Based Sural Flaps
Authors: Bekara Farid , Bertheuil Nicolas , Carloni Raphael , Dast Sandy , Sinna Raphael , Chaput Benoit , Herlin Christian 
Published: February 2017

Background The use of distally based neurocutaneous sural flaps (DBNCSF) is one of the most common methods of reconstructing the distal lower leg. However, they have developed a bad reputation because of their propensity for venous engorgement. Venous congestion that can lead to distal necrosis can be prevented by venous supercharging. Using a prospective comparative study, we thus explored the effect of venous supercharging on the reliability of these useful workhorse flaps.
Methods We prospectively included 38 patients who received a conventional DBNCSF and 38 patients who received a supercharged version of this flap (sDBNCSF) between January 2012 and July 2016.
Results No significant difference was identified between the groups in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, or defect origin. The main reconstruction etiology was traumatic (open fracture, scar disunion, and chronic osteitis). The flap size was noticeably larger in the sDBNCSF group, albeit without significance. The length-width ratio was significantly greater in the sDBNCSF group (6.08 vs. 5.53, p = 0.022). Venous congestion was significantly more common in the non-supercharged group (28.6 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.01), as was coverage failure (23.7 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.035).
Conclusion There are significant benefits to using venous supercharging of DBNCSF, when technically feasible. In our experience, venous supercharging increases reliability, allows the raise of larger skin paddles with much narrower pedicles limiting the morbidity of the procedure, and improves the functional and esthetic results.
Prefabrication of Vascularized Allogenic Bone Graft in a Rat by Implanting a Flow-Through Vascular Pedicle and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Containing Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite
Authors: Yamaguchi Konosuke , Nakamura Osamu , Tobiume Sachiko , Yamamoto Tetsuji , Kaji Yoshio 
Published: February 2017

Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is known to stimulate bone formation and angiogenesis. Hydroxyapatite/collagen composite (HAp/Col) is also known to have very strong bone conductive activity. In this study, prefabrication of vascularized allogenic bone (allo-bone) graft was attempted in recipients by implanting vascular bundles from recipients into the transplanted allo-bone graft. Furthermore, the effect of bFGF-containing HAp/Col on the prefabricated vascularized allo-bone graft was investigated.
Methods In this study, 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors, and bone grafts were collected from their femora. Thirty-two Wistar rats (recipients) were divided into four groups, and the allo-bone grafts were transplanted into the thigh region. In the experimental groups, one or both of the flow-through saphenous vascular bundles and 100-μg bFGF-containing HAp/Col were implanted into the medullary cavity of the allo-bone grafts. In the control group, neither was implanted. These rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after transplantation, and bone formation, angiogenesis, and bone resorption in the transplanted allo-bone grafts were evaluated histologically and genetically.
Results Bone formation and angiogenesis in the transplanted allo-bone graft were effectively stimulated by implanting vascular bundles or bFGF-containing HAp/Col on both histological and genetic evaluations compared with the control group. The most significant stimulation was observed in the group in which both were implanted. Bone resorption was not stimulated in any group.
Conclusion By implanting a flow-through vascular bundle and bFGF-containing HAp/Col, an ideal vascularized allo-bone graft that had high bone formative and angiogenetic activities and did not stimulate bone resorptive activity was prefabricated.
Soldiers and Social Change: The Forces Vote in the Second World War and New Zealand’s Great Experiment in Social Citizenship
Authors: Fennell Jonathan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Labour’s victory in the 1943 New Zealand general election allowed it to set the political agenda in New Zealand not only for the remainder of the Second World War, but, arguably, for forty years thereafter. The outcome of the election hinged on the votes of service personnel engaged in fighting the Second World War. This paper examines why soldiers, airmen and sailors voted overwhelmingly for Labour in 1943. Detailed returns showing the number of votes recorded for each candidate at each polling-place in the election are explored; the first social class survey of an army in the Second World War is constructed and assessed; and censorship summaries of the soldiers’ mail are interrogated. The paper shows that the forces vote was not determined by the socio-economic background of the military cohort or by the distance of the voting troops from the homeland or the length of time they were away. Instead, the paper finds that the most persuasive explanation for the pattern of voting among service personnel was their degree of participation in the war effort. The closer to combat a cohort of voters found themselves, the more they were inclined to manifest strong beliefs in fairness, social justice and ‘big Government’, key aspects of the Labour manifesto. A spirit of social cohesion had emerged from the exigencies of combat cohesion with profound implications for the future of New Zealand.
Ipsilateral Motor Innervation Discovered Incidentally on Intraoperative Monitoring: A Case Report
Authors: Ku Jerry , Mendelsohn Daniel , Chew Jason , Shewchuk Jason , Dong Charles , Akagami Ryojo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Lesions in the corticospinal tract above the decussation at the medullary pyramids almost universally produce contralateral deficits. Rare cases of supratentorial lesions causing ipsilateral motor deficits have been reported previously, but only ever found secondary to stroke or congenital pyramidal tract malformations.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Herein, we report a case of ipsilateral corticospinal tract innervation discovered incidentally with intraoperative monitoring during a microsurgical resection of a vestibular schwannoma. Intraoperative monitoring with electrical transcranial stimulation of the frontal scalp triggered motor-evoked potentials in the ipsilateral arms. The uncrossed pathways were later confirmed with MRI tractography using diffusion tensor imaging.

CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of isolated ipsilateral motor innervation of the corticospinal tract discovered incidentally during a neurosurgical procedure. Given the increasing use of intraoperative monitoring, this case underscores the importance of cautious interpretation of seemingly discordant neurophysiological findings. Once technical issues have been ruled out, ipsilateral motor innervation may be considered as a possible explanation and neurosurgeons should be aware of the existence of this rare anatomic variant.
INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING–DEPENDENT RETINAL STRUCTURAL CHANGES AFTER VITRECTOMY IN RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Hisatomi Toshio , Tachibana Takashi , Notomi Shoji , Koyanagi Yoshito , Murakami Yusuke , Takeda Atsunobu , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Yoshida Shigeo , Enaida Hiroshi , Murata Toshinori , Sakamoto Taiji , Sonoda Koh-Hei , Ishibashi Tatsuro 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To examine retinal changes after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, we used 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment cases.

Methods:
The 68 eyes from 67 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were studied, including 35 detached macula cases (51%) and 33 attached macula cases. Internal limiting membrane peeling was performed with fine forceps after brilliant blue G staining. The 3D-OCT images were obtained with volume-rendering technologies from cross-sectional OCT images.

Results:
The 3D-OCT detected 45 eyes (66%) with ILM peeling-dependent retinal changes, including dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance, dimple sign, temporal macular thinning, ILM peeling area thinning, or forceps-related retinal thinning. The ILM peeled area was detectable in only 9 eyes with 3D-OCT, whereas it was undetectable in other 59 eyes. The dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance was detected in 8 of the total cases (12%), and dimple signs were observed in 14 cases (21%). Forceps-related thinning was also noted in eight cases (24%) of attached macula cases and in four cases (11%) of detached macula cases. No postoperative macular pucker was noted in the observational period.

Conclusion:
The 3D-OCT clearly revealed spatial and time-dependent retinal changes after ILM peeling. The changes occurred in 2 months and remained thereafter.
DETAILED RETINAL IMAGING IN CARRIERS OF OCULAR ALBINISM
Authors: Khan Kamron N. , Lord Emma C. , Arno Gavin , Islam Farrah , Carss Keren J. , Raymond FLucy , Toomes Carmel , Ali Manir , Inglehearn Chris F. , Webster Andrew R. , Moore Anthony T. , Poulter James A. , Michaelides Michel 
Published: February 2017

Background:Albinism refers to a group of disorders primarily characterized by hypopigmentation. Affected individuals usually manifest both ocular and cutaneous features of the disease, but occasionally hair and skin pigmentation may appear normal. This is the case in ocular albinism, an X chromosome linked disorder resulting from mutation ofGPR143. Female carriers may be recognized by a “mud-splatter” appearance in the peripheral retina. The macula is thought to be normal, however.Methods:Obligate female carriers of pathogenicGPR143alleles were recruited. Molecular confirmation of disease was performed only for atypical cases. Detailed retinal imaging was performed (colour fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence.Results:Eight individuals were ascertained. A novelGPR143mutation was identified in one family (p.Gln328Ter). Foveal fundus autofluorescence was subjectively reduced in 6/6 patients imaged. A “tapetal-like” pattern of autofluorescence was visible at the macula in 3/6. Persistence of the inner retinal layers at the fovea was observed in 6/8 females.Conclusion:Female carriers of ocular albinism may manifest signs of retinal pigment epithelium mosaicism at the macula and the peripheral fundus. A tapetal-like reflex on fundus autofluorescence may be considered the macular correlate of “mud-splatter.”
HORMONAL SUPPLEMENTATION TRIGGERING CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN HEALTHY YOUNG FEMALES
Authors: Dolz-Marco Rosa , Doménech Nuria , Diago Teresa , Montero Javier , García‐Canet Sara , Cervera-Taulet Enrique , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Arévalo J. Fernando 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To report three cases of choroidal neovascularization after hormonal treatment for ovarian stimulation during a fertility therapy.

Methods:
A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases including best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Three females in their thirties developed unilateral acuity vision loss and metamorphopsia. They all were undergoing hormonal supplementation for ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins at the moment of presentation. Intravitreal therapy with ranibizumab was used; all cases showed a significant functional and anatomical improvement.

Discussion:
Hormonal supplementation for fertility therapy is a common procedure that may be associated with the development of choroidal neovascularization in healthy young females. Further studies should be performed to evaluate this association, but both ophthalmologist and gynecologist should be aware of this potential complication.
Resolution of Chronic Corneal Edema After Surgical Treatment for Ocular Hypotony
Authors: Sriram Aishwarya , Tania Tai Tak Yee 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To describe a case of chronic ocular hypotony and corneal edema, with reversal of the corneal edema following surgical treatment of the hypotony via bleb compression sutures.

Observations:
A patient with chronic ocular hypotony after trabeculectomy for advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma endured gradually worsening corneal edema over 1 year and low endothelial cell counts. Bleb compression sutures were placed with a subsequent increase in intraocular pressure and complete resolution of his corneal edema.

Conclusions and Importance:
Reversal of chronic corneal edema by surgical treatment of ocular hypotony has not been previously reported. Although corneal edema associated with elevated intraocular pressures is well understood, the mechanism by which ocular hypotony contributes to corneal edema and how treatment of ocular hypotony may improve corneal edema should be further explored.
Enhanced Diagnostic Capability for Glaucoma of 3-Dimensional Versus 2-Dimensional Neuroretinal Rim Parameters Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Fan Kenneth C. , Tsikata Edem , Khoueir Ziad , Simavli Huseyin , Guo Rong , A. de Luna Regina , Pandit Sumir , Que Christian J. , de Boer Johannes F. , Chen Teresa C. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To compare the diagnostic capability of 3-dimensional (3D) neuroretinal rim parameters with existing 2-dimensional (2D) neuroretinal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness rim parameters using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) volume scans.

Materials and Methods:
Design: Institutional prospective pilot study. Study population: 65 subjects (35 open-angle glaucoma patients, 30 normal patients). Observation procedures: One eye of each subject was included. SD-OCT was used to obtain 2D RNFL thickness values and 5 neuroretinal rim parameters [ie, 3D minimum distance band (MDB) thickness, 3D Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), 3D rim volume, 2D rim area, and 2D rim thickness]. Main outcome measures: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results:
Comparing all 3D with all 2D parameters, 3D rim parameters (MDB, BMO-MRW, rim volume) generally had higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values (range, 0.770 to 0.946) compared with 2D parameters (RNFL thickness, rim area, rim thickness; range, 0.678 to 0.911). For global region analyses, all 3D rim parameters (BMO-MRW, rim volume, MDB) were equal to or better than 2D parameters (RNFL thickness, rim area, rim thickness; P-values from 0.023 to 1.0). Among the three 3D rim parameters (MDB, BMO-MRW, and rim volume), there were no significant differences in diagnostic capability (false discovery rate >0.05 at 95% specificity).

Conclusions:
3D neuroretinal rim parameters (MDB, BMO-MRW, and rim volume) demonstrated better diagnostic capability for primary and secondary open-angle glaucomas compared with 2D neuroretinal parameters (rim area, rim thickness). Compared with 2D RNFL thickness, 3D neuroretinal rim parameters have the same or better diagnostic capability.
A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Medication Adherence Interventions in Adult Stroke Survivors
Authors: Wessol Jennifer L. , Russell Cynthia L. , Cheng An-Lin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Stroke survivors are at an increased risk for recurrent stroke. Despite recommendations to avoid recurrence from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, medication adherence (MA) in persons with chronic conditions such as stroke is only 50%.Purpose:The aim of this study was to synthesize randomized controlled trial intervention studies designed to increase MA in adult stroke survivors.Search Methods:The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Excerpta Medica database from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2015, were searched.Study Selection:This study reviewed randomized controlled trials evaluating MA interventions in stroke survivors.Data Extraction:Two reviewers independently assessed all full-text articles, and those not meeting the inclusion criteria by both researchers were excluded.Results:This review included 18 studies involving 10 292 participants. Overall, the strength of the included studies was strong. Statistically significant results were reported in 5 of the 18 (28%) studies. Of these, 3 used cognitive/behavioral interventions to increase MA, whereas 2 studies used an educational-based intervention.Conclusions:Despite some isolated success, most MA interventions in stroke survivors do not show statistically significant improvement. Future MA research must address the lack of consistent use of objective measurement tools and focus on the long-term benefits of MA interventions.