bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial Impingement Syndrome of the Anterior Tibiotalar Fascicle of the Deltoid Ligament on the Talus
Authors: Clair Susan M. Mosier-La , Monroe Michael T. , Manoli Arthur 
Published: February 2017

Eleven patients with medial impingement syndrome of the anterior tibio-talar fascicle (ATTF) of the deltoid ligament on the talus were identified. Six sustained inversion injuries, one talus and four ankle fractures. The mean preoperative Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AHS) was 56 and the postoperative was 87. Surgical debridement of the ATTF was performed. A thickened ATTF and localized synovitis were seen. Talar osteophytes were removed in 8 patients. Mean follow up 4 years. Nine patients had good to excellent results and all patients returned to work.
Targeting cell adhesion molecules with nanoparticles usingin vivoand flow-basedin vitromodels of atherosclerosis
Authors: Khodabandehlou Khosrow , Masehi-Lano Jacqueline J , Poon Christopher , Wang Jonathan , Chung Eun Ji 
Published: February 2017

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide; in addition to lipid dysfunction, chronic arterial wall inflammation is a key component of atherosclerosis. Techniques that target cell adhesion molecules, which are overexpressed during inflammation, are effective methods to detect and treat atherosclerosis. Specifically, research groups have identified vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and selectins (E-selectin and P-selectin) as correlated to atherogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent strategies both in vivo and in vitro that target cell adhesion molecules. First, we discuss peptide-based and antibody (Ab)-based nanoparticles utilized in vivo for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications. Second, we discuss flow-based in vitro models that serve to reduce the traditional disadvantages of in vivo studies such as variability, time to develop the disease, and ethical burden, but preserve physiological relevance. The knowledge gained from these targeting studies can be translated into clinical solutions for improved detection, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis.Impact statementAs atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of death, there is an urgent need to develop better tools for treatment of the disease. The ability to improve current treatments relies on enhancing the accuracy of in vitro and in vivo atherosclerotic models. While in vivo models provide all the relevant testing parameters, variability between animals and among models used is a barrier to reproducible results and comparability of NP efficacy. In vitro cultures isolate cells into microenvironments that fail to take into account flow separation and shear stress, which are characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions. Flow-based in vitro models provide more physiologically relevant platforms, bridging the gap between in vivo and 2D in vitro models. This is the first review that presents recent advances regarding endothelial cell-targeting using adhesion molecules in light of in vivo and flow-based in vitro models, providing insights for future development of optimal strategies against atherosclerosis.
Activations of muscarinic M1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex contribute to the antinociceptive effect via GABAergic transmission
Authors: Koga Kohei , Matsuzaki Yu , Honda Kenji , Eto Fumihiro , Furukawa Tomonori , Migita Keisuke , Irie Keiichi , Mishima Kenichi , Ueno Shinya 
Published: February 2017

Background Cholinergic systems regulate the synaptic transmission resulting in the contribution of the nociceptive behaviors. Anterior cingulate cortex is a key cortical area to play roles in nociception and chronic pain. However, the effect of the activation of cholinergic system for nociception is still unknown in the cortical area. Here, we tested whether the activation of cholinergic receptors can regulate nociceptive behaviors in adult rat anterior cingulate cortex by integrative methods including behavior, immunohistochemical, and electrophysiological methods. Results We found that muscarinic M1 receptors were clearly expressed in the anterior cingulate cortex. Using behavioral tests, we identified that microinjection of a selective muscarinic M1 receptors agonist McN-A-343 into the anterior cingulate cortex dose dependently increased the mechanical threshold. In contrast, the local injection of McN-A-343 into the anterior cingulate cortex showed normal motor function. The microinjection of a selective M1 receptors antagonist pirenzepine blocked the McN-A-343-induced antinociceptive effect. Pirenzepine alone into the anterior cingulate cortex decreased the mechanical thresholds. The local injection of the GABAA receptors antagonist bicuculline into the anterior cingulate cortex also inhibited the McN-A-343-induced antinociceptive effect and decreased the mechanical threshold. Finally, we further tested whether the activation of M1 receptors could regulate GABAergic transmission using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The activation of M1 receptors enhanced the frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents as well as the amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions These results suggest that the activation of muscarinic M1 receptors in part increased the mechanical threshold by increasing GABAergic transmitter release and facilitating GABAergic transmission in the anterior cingulate cortex.
Identifying functional populations among the interneurons in laminae I-III of the spinal dorsal horn
Authors: Todd Andrew J 
Published: February 2017

The spinal dorsal horn receives input from primary afferent axons, which terminate in a modality-specific fashion in different laminae. The incoming somatosensory information is processed through complex synaptic circuits involving excitatory and inhibitory interneurons, before being transmitted to the brain via projection neurons for conscious perception. The dorsal horn is important, firstly because changes in this region contribute to chronic pain states, and secondly because it contains potential targets for the development of new treatments for pain. However, at present, we have only a limited understanding of the neuronal circuitry within this region, and this is largely because of the difficulty in defining functional populations among the excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. The recent discovery of specific neurochemically defined interneuron populations, together with the development of molecular genetic techniques for altering neuronal function in vivo, are resulting in a dramatic improvement in our understanding of somatosensory processing at the spinal level.
Integrating phosphoproteomics into the clinical management of prostate cancer
Authors: Cheng Larry C. , Tan Victor M. , Ganesan Shridar , Drake Justin M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhosphoproteomic analysis of tumor samples has the potential to uncover significant insights into kinase signaling networks present in late stage prostate cancer that are complementary to genomic and transcriptomic approaches. Phosphoproteomics could potentially aid drug development in clinical trial design as well as provide utility for oncologists in the personalized therapeutic management of individual cancers through identifying novel biomarkers and druggable targets. Rapid advancement of targeted mass spectrometry platforms is underway to integrate phosphoproteomic technology with genomic assays to soon translate this information into the cancer clinic.
Group-Wide, Prospective Study of Ototoxicity Assessment in Children Receiving Cisplatin Chemotherapy (ACCL05C1): A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Knight Kristin R. , Chen Lu , Freyer David , Aplenc Richard , Bancroft Mary , Bliss Bonnie , Dang Ha , Gillmeister Biljana , Hendershot Eleanor , Kraemer Dale F. , Lindenfeld Lanie , Meza Jane , Neuwelt Edward A. , Pollock Brad H. , Sung Lillian 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Optimal assessment methods and criteria for reporting hearing outcomes in children who receive treatment with cisplatin are uncertain. The objectives of our study were to compare different ototoxicity classification systems, to evaluate the feasibility of including otoacoustic emissions and extended high frequency audiometry, and to evaluate a central review mechanism for audiologic results for cisplatin-treated children in the cooperative group setting. Patients and Methods Eligible participants were 1 to 30 years, with planned cisplatin-containing treatment. Hearing evaluations were conducted at baseline, before each cisplatin cycle, and at the end of therapy. Audiologic results were assessed and graded by the testing audiologist and by two central review audiologists using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Ototoxicity Criteria (ASHA), Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0 (CTCAE), and Brock Ototoxicity Grades (Brock). One central reviewer also used the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Ototoxicity Scale (SIOP). Results At the end of treatment, the prevalence of any degree of ototoxicity ranged from 40% to 56%, and severe ototoxicity ranged from 7% to 22%. Compared with CTCAE, SIOP detected significantly more ototoxicity ( P = .004), whereas Brock criteria detected significantly fewer patients with any or severe ototoxicity ( P < .001 for both). SIOP detected ototoxicity earlier than did the other scales. Agreement between the central reviewers and the institutional audiologist was almost perfect for ASHA and Brock, whereas the poorest agreement occurred with CTCAE. Conclusion The SIOP scale may be superior to ASHA, Brock, and CTCAE scales for classifying ototoxicity in pediatric patients who were treated with cisplatin. Future studies should evaluate inter-rater reliability of the SIOP scale.
Local Market Characteristics and Online-to-Offline Commerce: An Empirical Analysis of Groupon
Authors: Li Hui , Shen Qiaowei , Bart Yakov 
Published: February 2017

We investigate the factors that affect the growth of Groupon, the leading online daily deals platform. We concentrate on the online-to-offline (O2O) aspect of the business that differentiates it from other e-commerce platforms—its strong connection to local markets. We focus on travel cost and store density, the key local characteristics that affect consumer deal demand and merchant deal offering. Using a comprehensive longitudinal data set on deal offerings and sales across local markets, and combining it with local market characteristics, we estimate a simultaneous equation model of the weekly number of deal offerings and deal sales characterizing the two-sided nature of the platform. We find that the word-of-mouth effect on the consumer side and the observational learning effect on the merchant side contribute to and reinforce the expansion of a two-sided platform. However, a larger number of deals intensifies the competition, which then lowers per deal sales and limits the number of deal offerings. We find that local characteristics have significant impact on both the deal demand and the supply side. We further use model simulation to show how differences in growth patterns across markets may be driven by local characteristics, and we decompose their relative impact on the demand and supply sides. The paper provides managerial implications for firms specializing in O2O commerce. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Treatment of shepherd's crook deformity in patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia using a new type of custom made retrograde intramedullary nail: A technical note
Authors: Hefti F. , Donnan L. , Krieg A. H. 
Published: February 2017

Aims The severe form of coxa vara, the ‘shepherd's crook deformity’, is always a consequence of a locally extensive form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (or McCune-Albright syndrome). Treatment of this deformity is a challenge. The soft bone does not tolerate any implant that depends on the stability of the cortical bone (like plates or external fixators). Intramedullary nails are the most appropriate implants for stabilisation, but if they are inserted from the greater trochanter, they cannot correct the varus deformity enough. Patients and Methods We have developed a special intramedullary nail that can be inserted from the osteotomy site and can be driven retrograde into the femoral neck in an appropriate valgus position. We have operated 15 legs in 13 patients. The average age at surgery was 14 years and 5 months (6 to 28.9). In all, 11 femora had been operated before (unsuccessfully) with various implants. Results The average follow-up was 54.2 months (7 to 132). The average correction of the neck/(distal) shaft angle was 57.5° (10° to 80°) (= 72.8%). While pre-operatively none of the patients was able to walk without aid, at follow-up only one patient was unable to walk, three used the aid of crutches because of tibial lesions and one patient had an increased external rotation of the leg. At follow-up, most patients were free of pain. One implant broke and had to be replaced. Conclusion This new operative method offers the possibility of efficient correction and stabilisation of this severe and difficult deformation.
Effect of thickness Type on Transparent TiO2 as the Working Electrode of Dye sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) for Solar Windows Applications
Authors: Dewi Nadya Aruma , Nurosyid Fahru , Supriyanto Agus , Suryana Risa 
Published: February 2017

<p align="center"> </p><p>Senditized Dye Solar Cells (DSSC) consist of photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte and counter electrode which is one of the photochemical electric cells. In this article will discuss the influence of the thickness of the electrode on the electrical properties. Electrodes made by screen printing method. Screen by type T-49. TiO<sub>2</sub> deposited on the FTO variation of the number of layers to obtain a thickness of 1, 2, 3 and 4. DSSC tested thickness by Screen Electron Microscopy (SEM), absorbance test by UV Visible Lambda 25 and characterization of current and voltage test by Keithley Measurenment 2602A. The test results showed the thickness of the TiO<sub>2</sub> electrode thickness (1.5 ± 0.2) μm, (2.9 ± 0.5) μm, (3.5 ± 0.6) μm, and (4.5 ± 0.8 ) μm. Based on the test results absorbance maximum value contained in thickness (4.5 ± 0.8) μm having a dye adsorbed at most and have the highest efficiency 2.41%.</p><p> </p>
STRUCTURE MODELLING OF SUBSURFACE BY USING KIRCHHOFF MIGRATION METHOD AND FINITE DIFFERENCE ANISOTROPY METHOD
Authors: Kurniawan Husni Cahyadi , Susilo Adi , Suroso Teguh 
Published: February 2017

<p class="abstrak">The image of subsurface with a migration method keeps on developing to get an image result which the closest in real condition. The conditions in subsurface are very complex and variables it couses the process of wave propagation which can not be judged as the same in every layers. so it is needed an anisotropy pharameter analysiz (η) in seismic data migration process. The research will compare two kinds of migrations those are Kirchhoff migration and finite difference anisotropy. It is done because not all datas are processed by anisotropy, even with isotropi it will get good result. The result of kirchoff migration has not so good quality (low resolution) on the first layer reflector.but on the second and third layer reflector have good result (high resolution). I estimate that in the first layer reflector there is anistropi influence, because the ratio effect between far offset and the depth is hight. The analysis result get η ansotropi pharameter result as 0,25 and put into migration process. On the second migration process is finite difference anisotropy appears on the first layer reflector and shows high resolution and suitable with the real layer model.</p>
Gait Analysis Study of Runner Using Force Plate
Authors: Catherine Flaviana , Suryantari Risti 
Published: February 2017

<pre>Humans do regular physical activities such as running. Gait is forward propulsion of the human body using lower extremities as a thrust. Humans gait pattern is characterized by their limbs movement in terms of velocity, ground reaction force, work, kinetic energy and potential energy cycle . Human gait analysis is used to assess, to plan, and to deliver the treatment for individuals based on the conditions that affect their ability to move. Gait analysis is commonly used in running sport to improve the efficiency of athletes in running and to identify problems related to their posture or movement. The aim of this research is to do running gait analysis study of human, using force plate which equipped by track board. The benefit of this study is to provide information, ideas and new perspectives about running and its prevention over an injury. The main method that will be discussed in this study is system design of gait analysis with specific setting, hardware and software, in order to acquire data(s). </pre>
Social Constructionism and the Role of the Unconscious in Hypnotic Responding: A Single Case Experiment
Authors: Fourie David P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere seems to be wide acceptance by both professionals and lay people that hypnotic and especially hypnotherapeutic responding is based on the long-standing but still hypothetical dichotomy between the conscious and unconscious minds. In this simplistic view, hypnotic suggestions are considered to bypass consciousness to reach the unconscious mind, there to have the intended effect. This article reports on a single-case experiment investigating the involvement of the unconscious in hypnotherapeutic responding. In this case the subject responded positively to suggestions that could not have reached the unconscious, indicating that the unconscious was not involved in such responding. An alternative view is proposed, namely that hypnotherapeutic responding involves a cognitive process in which a socially constructed new understanding of the problem behaviour and of hypnosis, based on the client's existing attribution of meaning, is followed by action considered appropriate to the new understanding and which then confirms this understanding, leading to behaviour change.
Real‐time imaging of sodium glucose transporter (SGLT1) trafficking and activity in single cells
Authors: Ghezzi Chiara , Calmettes Guillaume , Morand Pauline , Ribalet Bernard , John Scott 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe processes controlling targeting of glucose transporters to apical and basolateral membranes of polarized cells are complex and not‐well understood. We have engineered SGLT1 and GLUT4 constructs linked to fluorescent proteins to highlight the differences in transporter expression and trafficking, in real time, in different cell types. Activity was assessed in parallel using a FRET glucose sensor. In COS cells and HEK cells, SGLT1 was distributed between the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments, but there was little expression in CHO cells. Trafficking was investigated using the lysosome inhibitors NH4Cl (10 mmol/L) and chloroquine (150 μmol/L) and the proteasome inhibitors MG‐262 (1 μmol/L) and lactacystin (5 μmol/L). Lysosome inhibitors caused SGLT1 accumulation into intracellular bodies, whereas proteasome inhibitors induced SGLT1 accumulation in the plasma membrane, even in CHO cells. Our data suggest that a fraction of SGLT1 is rapidly degraded by lysosomes and never reached the plasma membrane; another fraction reaches the membrane and is subsequently degraded by lysosomes following internalization. The latter process is regulated by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, acting at a late stage of the lysosomal pathway. Using the cholesterol inhibitor MβCD (3 mmol/L), a dominant negative dynamin (K44A) and caveolin, we showed that SGLT1 internalization is lipid raft‐mediated, but caveolin‐independent. In contrast, GLUT4 internalization is dynamin‐dependent, but cholesterol‐independent. The physiological relevance of these data is discussed in terms of differential membrane compartmentalization of the transporters and expression under stress conditions.
Formale Anschauung
Authors: Neumann Peter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Kant’s distinction between “form of intuition” and “formal intuition” in the Critique of Pure Reason is a crucial one. It highlights the fact that, even while the manifold of sensible intuition is given to us, the forms of space and time are, in themselves, a product of our understanding. The way Kant introduces “formal intuition” is, of course, highly problematic, but it nevertheless stimulated the post-Kantian debates, with subsequent authors following him in one direction or the other. Setting out from Kant’s notion of formal intuition, this paper advances the thesis that the question of whether space and time as such can be derived from our understanding is at the core of the debates that make up much of post-Kantian philosophy. Examining an argument between Jacobi and Hegel, it goes on to argue that the Kantian notion of formal intuition is closely connected to our very understanding of being a subject in time.
Kann personale Heiligkeit Menschenrechte fördern?
Authors: Leist Anton 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCould it be that human rights have come into existence not, as standard history would have it, by the discovery of ‘human reason,’ but rather through the influence of a religion-based ‘sacredness’ of the human person? This is what Hans Joas in his bookThe Sacredness of the Person: A New Genealogy of Human Rightssuggests. On closer inspection, even following the laborious navigation through definitions and methodological preliminaries required for such a dispute, the thesis looks anything but plausible. Since Joas highlights his own method as ‘pragmatist,’ it is necessary to distinguish between different versions of the pragmatist project – the conclusion being that a plausible ‘naturalist’ version of pragmatism conflicts with the Jamesian variant of a religious pragmatism à la Joas. Also, it is suggested that sacredness of persons, even if hypothetically accepted, would become redundant in a justification of human rights, the latter being based on the average interests of ordinary people. The pragmatist quest for a belief in God that can be sublimated into something human remains inconclusive.
Compactness in Metric Spaces
Authors: Nakasho Kazuhisa , Narita Keiko , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: February 2017

Summary
In this article, we mainly formalize in Mizar [2] the equivalence among a few compactness definitions of metric spaces, norm spaces, and the real line. In the first section, we formalized general topological properties of metric spaces. We discussed openness and closedness of subsets in metric spaces in terms of convergence of element sequences. In the second section, we firstly formalize the definition of sequentially compact, and then discuss the equivalence of compactness, countable compactness, sequential compactness, and totally boundedness with completeness in metric spaces.
In the third section, we discuss compactness in norm spaces. We formalize the equivalence of compactness and sequential compactness in norm space. In the fourth section, we formalize topological properties of the real line in terms of convergence of real number sequences. In the last section, we formalize the equivalence of compactness and sequential compactness in the real line. These formalizations are based on [20], [5], [17], [14], and [4].
Prime Factorization of Sums and Differences of Two Like Powers
Authors: Ziobro Rafał 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Representation of a non zero integer as a signed product of primes is unique similarly to its representations in various types of positional notations [4], [3]. The study focuses on counting the prime factors of integers in the form of sums or differences of two equal powers (thus being represented by 1 and a series of zeroes in respective digital bases).
Although the introduced theorems are not particularly important, they provide a couple of shortcuts useful for integer factorization, which could serve in further development of Mizar projects [2]. This could be regarded as one of the important benefits of proof formalization [9].