bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of the CaO–SiO2–VOx system at 1873 K under the oxygen partial pressure of 6.9×10−11 atm
Authors: Wang Daya , Shu Qifeng , Yan Baijun , Wu Liushun , Wang Jue , Dong Yuanchi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBased on the phase equilibria of the CaO–SiO2–VOx system determined experimentally at 1873 K and the oxygen partial pressure of 6.9×10−11 atm, the isothermal section diagram of the system was constructed. Aside from the simple oxides SiO2 and V2O3, three complex crystal phases CaV2O4, Ca2SiO4 dissolving V2O3, and CaVO3 dissolving SiO2 were found in the present investigated composition range. The solubility of V2O3 in Ca2SiO4 phase can reach 5 mass %, and the CaVO3 phase dissolves about 5% mass SiO2. Furthermore, the thermodynamic activities of VOx and SiO2 in the determined single liquid region were measured by equilibrating the melts with liquid copper. The activity coefficient of SiO2 decreases linearly with the increase in the basicity of the melts and is almost irrelevant to the total content of vanadium oxides. The activities of vanadium oxides increase slightly with the increase in the basicity but are mainly determined by the total content of vanadium oxides in the melts. With the increase in the basicity, the activity coefficient of VO1.5 increases almost linearly, whereas those of VO2 and VO2.5 decrease gradually.
Direct and template‐free synthesis of one‐dimensional nanostructures of sodium trititanate and sodium hexatitanate
Authors: Bumajdad Ali 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D), pure phases of sodium trititanate and sodium hexatitanate (Na2Ti3O7 and Na2Ti6O13) nanowires (Na‐TNW) were synthesized via a direct hydrothermal approach. The effect of the variation in growth parameters (NaOH concentration and reaction duration) on the morphology and structure of the Na‐TNW has been investigated using bulk (RAMAN and XRD) and surface (TEM, SEM and N2 sorptiometry) techniques. By varying the NaOH concentration, the particle size decreases without variation in the obtained trititanate structure. Also by varying the growth duration, the nanowires were elongated with reduced aggregation accompanied by structural conversion from trititanate to hexatitanate. Therefore, this study provides a full concept for the direct preparation of Na‐TNW with controlled characteristics.
Persistent distention of colon damages interstitial cells of Cajal through Ca2+‐ERK‐AP‐1‐miR‐34c‐SCF deregulation
Authors: Yang Shu , Dong Fang , Li Dandan , Sun Haimei , Wu Bo , Sun Tingyi , Wang Yaxi , Shen Ping , Ji Fengqing , Zhou Deshan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGastrointestinal motility disorders (GMDs) are attributed to loss of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), whose survival and function are deeply dependent on the activation of KIT/SCF signalling. Based on the facts that gastrointestinal distention is common in GMD patients and SCF produced by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is usually decreased before ICC loss, we considered a possible contribution of persistent gastrointestinal distention/stretch to SCF deficiency. In this study, chronic colonic distention mouse model, diabetic gastrointestinal paresis mouse model, cultured mouse colonic SMCs and colon specimens from Hirschsprung's disease patients were used. The results showed that SCF was clearly decreased in distent colon of mice and patients, and microRNA array and real‐time PCR indicated a concomitant increase of miR‐34c in distent colon. A negative regulation of miR‐34c on SCF expression was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays together with knock‐down and overexpression of miR‐34c in cultured colonic SMCs. Using EMSA and ChIP assays, we further consolidated that in response to persistent stretch, the transcription factor AP‐1/c‐Jun was highly activated in colonic SMCs and significantly promoted miR‐34c transcription by binding to miR‐34c promoter. Knock‐down or overexpression of AP‐1/c‐Jun in cultured colonic SMCs leads to down‐ or up‐regulation of miR‐34c, respectively. In addition, the activation of AP‐1/c‐Jun was through ERK1/2 signalling provoked by Ca2+ overload in colonic SMCs that were subject to persistent stretch. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that persistent distention/stretch on colonic SMCs could suppress SCF production probably through Ca2+‐ERK‐AP‐1‐miR‐34c deregulation, resulting in ICC loss or impairment and GMD progress.
Age‐related modulation of angiogenesis‐regulating factors in the swine meniscus
Authors: Di Giancamillo Alessia , Deponti Daniela , Modina Silvia , Tessaro Irene , Domeneghini Cinzia , Peretti Giuseppe Maria 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn in‐depth knowledge of the native meniscus morphology and biomechanics in its different areas is essential to develop an engineered tissue. Meniscus is characterized by a great regional variation in extracellular matrix components and in vascularization. Then, the aim of this work was to characterize the expression of factors involved in angiogenesis in different areas during meniscus maturation in pigs. The menisci were removed from the knee joints of neonatal, young and adult pigs, and they were divided into the inner, intermediate and outer areas. Vascular characterization and meniscal maturation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In particular, expression of the angiogenic factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and the anti‐angiogenic marker Endostatin (ENDO) was analysed, as well as the vascular endothelial cadherin (Ve‐CAD). In addition, expression of Collagen II (COLL II) and SOX9 was examined, as markers of the fibro‐cartilaginous differentiation. Expression of VEGF and Ve‐CAD had a similar pattern in all animals, with a significant increase from the inner to the outer part of the meniscus. Pooling the zones, expression of both proteins was significantly higher in the neonatal meniscus than in young and adult menisci. Conversely, the young meniscus revealed a significantly higher expression of ENDO compared to the neonatal and adult ones. Analysis of tissue maturation markers showed an increase in COLL II and a decrease in SOX9 expression with age. These preliminary data highlight some of the changes that occur in the swine meniscus during growth, in particular the ensemble of regulatory factors involved in angiogenesis.
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine functions in colitis via IL17A regulation in mucosal CD4+ T cells
Authors: Tanaka Makoto , Takagi Tomohisa , Naito Yuji , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Hotta Yuma , Toyokawa Yuki , Ushiroda Chihiro , Hirai Yasuko , Aoi Wataru , Higashimura Yasuki , Mizushima Katsura , Okayama Tetsuya , Katada Kazuhiro , Kamada Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Handa Osamu , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and AimSecreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycol that regulates cell proliferation, tissue repair, and tumorigenesis. Despite evidence linking SPARC to inflammation, the mechanisms are unclear. Accordingly, the role of SPARC in intestinal inflammation was investigated.MethodsColitis was induced in wild‐type (WT) and SPARC knockout (KO) mice using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Colons were assessed for damage; leukocyte infiltration; Tnf, Ifng, Il17a, and Il10 mRNA expression; and histology. Cytokine profiling of colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) was performed by flow cytometry. Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from WT and SPARC KO mouse spleens, and the effect of SPARC on Th17 cell differentiation was examined. Recombination activating gene 1 knockout (RAG1 KO) mice reconstituted with T cells from either WT or SPARC KO mice were investigated.ResultsTrinitrobenzene sulfonic acid exposure significantly reduced bodyweight and increased mucosal inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and Il17a mRNA expression in WT relative to SPARC KO mice. The percentage of IL17A‐producing CD4+ T cells among LPMCs from KO mice was lower than that in WT mice when both groups were exposed to TNBS. Th17 cell differentiation was suppressed in cells from SPARC KO mice. In the T cell transfer colitis model, RAG1 KO mice receiving T cells from WT mice were more severely affected than those reconstituted with cells from SPARC KO mice.ConclusionsSecreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine accelerates colonic mucosal inflammation via modulation of IL17A‐producing CD4+ T cells. SPARC is a potential therapeutic target for conditions involving intestinal inflammation.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Middle‐Class Households, Waste, Consumption, and Environmental Awareness in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Machado‐Borges Thaïs 
Published: June 2017

ResumenO presente artigo examina como domicílios de classe média na cidade de Belo Horizonte, sudeste do Brasil, lidam com o lixo que permeia o seu dia‐a‐dia. Examinam‐se como processos de classificação e eliminação estão relacionados ao consumo, à divisão do trabalho e às questões ambientais. Mais especificamente, o presente artigo investiga como o lixo está implicado no trabalho de manter e afirmar um status de classe média através de noções sobre moral, normas e códigos separando o que tem valor daquilo que não tem. Conclui‐se que os participantes da amostra etnográfica parecem se preocupar muito mais com hierarquias sociais e pertencimento de classe do que com aspectos ambientais do consumo e gestão do lixo. Dentro de um contexto explícito de desigualdade social, o comportamento em relação ao lixo passa primeiro pela lente da classe social.
Food Availability in School Stores in Seoul, South Korea After Implementation of Food‐ and Nutrient‐Based Policies
Authors: Choi Seul Ki , Frongillo Edward A. , Blake Christine E. , Thrasher James F. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo improve school store food environments, the South Korean government implemented 2 policies restricting unhealthy food sales in school stores. A food‐based policy enacted in 2007 restricts specific food sales (soft drinks); and a nutrient‐based policy enacted in 2009 restricts energy‐dense and nutrient‐poor (EDNP) food sales. The purpose of the study was to assess how the 2 policies have changed the school store food environment.METHODSFoods sold in school stores in Seoul, South Korea were observed before (2006, 15 stores) and after (2013, 12 stores) implementation of the school store policies. Food availability in school stores in 2006 and 2013 was compared and EDNP food availability in 2013 was examined.RESULTSWhen controlling the total number of foods sold in school stores and school characteristics, the mean number of soft drinks sold in a school store in 2013 (0.3 items) was significantly lower than in 2006 (1.9 items, p = .032). Soft drinks were still available in 50% of school stores observed in 2013, with all school stores selling EDNP foods in 2013.CONCLUSIONSSouth Korean policies have had a modest influence on availability of unhealthy school store foods. Alternative strategies to improve school store food environments are needed.
Student Voices: Perspectives on Peer‐to‐Peer Sexual Health Education
Authors: Layzer Carolyn , Rosapep Lauren , Barr Sherry 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis process study is a companion to a randomized evaluation of a school‐based, peer‐led comprehensive sexual health education program, Teen Prevention Education Program (Teen PEP), in which 11th‐ and 12th‐grade students are trained by school health educators to conduct informative workshops with ninth‐grade peers in schools in North Carolina. The process study was designed to understand youth participants' perspectives on the program in order to gain insight into program effectiveness.METHODSThis is a mixed‐methods study in 7 schools, with online surveys (N = 88) and 8 focus groups with peer educators (N = 116), end‐of‐program surveys (N = 1122), 8 focus groups with ninth‐grade workshop participants (N = 89), and observations of the Teen PEP class and workshops during the semester of implementation in each school, 2012‐2014.RESULTSBoth peer educators and ninth graders perceived benefits of participating in Teen PEP across a range of domains, including intentions, skills, and knowledge and that the peer education modality was important in their valuation of the experience.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that the peer‐led comprehensive sexual health education approach embodied in Teen PEP can be an important educational mechanism for teaching students information and skills to promote sexual health.
School Nurse‐Delivered Adolescent Relationship Abuse Prevention
Authors: Raible Claire A. , Dick Rebecca , Gilkerson Fern , Mattern Cheryl S. , James Lisa , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDProject Connect is a national program to build partnerships among public health agencies and domestic violence services to improve the health care sector response to partner and sexual violence. Pennsylvania piloted the first school nurse‐delivered adolescent relationship abuse intervention in the certified school nurses' office setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing this prevention intervention.METHODSIn 5 schools in Pennsylvania, school nurses completed a survey before and 1 year after receiving training on implementing the intervention as well as a phone interview. Students seeking care at the nurses' offices completed a brief anonymous feedback survey after their nurse visit.RESULTSThe school nurses adopted the intervention readily, finding ways to incorporate healthy relationship discussions into interactions with students. School nurses and students found the intervention to be acceptable. Students were positive in their feedback. Barriers included difficulty with school buy‐in and finding time and private spaces to deliver the intervention.CONCLUSIONSA school nurse healthy relationships intervention was feasible to implement and acceptable to the students as well as the implementing nurses. While challenges arose with the initial uptake of the program, school nurses identified strategies to achieve school and student support for this intervention.
Changes in Physical Activity in the School, Afterschool, and Evening Periods During the Transition From Elementary to Middle School
Authors: Lau Erica Y. , Dowda Marsha , McIver Kerry L. , Pate Russell R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined longitudinal changes in children's physical activity during the school day, afterschool, and evening across fifth, sixth, and seventh grades.METHODSThe analytical sample included children who had valid accelerometer data in fifth grade and at least one other time‐point, and provided complete sociodemographic information (N = 768, 751, and 612 for the 3 time‐periods studied). Accelerometer‐derived total physical activity (TPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were expressed in minutes per hour for the school day (∼7:45 am to 3:30 pm), afterschool (∼2:25 to 6:00 pm), and evening (6:00 to 10:00 pm) periods. We used growth curve analyses to examine changes in TPA and MVPA.RESULTSSchool day TPA and MVPA declined significantly; we observed a greater decrease from fifth to sixth grades than from sixth to seventh grades. Afterschool TPA declined significantly, but MVPA increased significantly among girls and remained stable for boys. Evening TPA decreased significantly and MVPA declined significantly in girls and remained stable among boys.CONCLUSIONSTo inform the development of effective intervention strategies, research should focus on examining factors associated with the decline in physical activity during the transition from elementary to middle school, particularly during the hours when children are in school.
Educational Outcomes Associated With School Behavioral Health Interventions: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kase Courtney , Hoover Sharon , Boyd Gina , West Kristina D. , Dubenitz Joel , Trivedi Pamala A. , Peterson Hilary J. , Stein Bradley D. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is an unmet need for behavioral health support and services among children and adolescents, which school behavioral health has the potential to address. Existing reviews and meta‐analyses document the behavioral health benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks, but few summaries of the academic benefits of such programs exist. We provide exemplars of the academic benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks.METHODSA literature review identified school behavioral health‐related articles and reports. Articles for inclusion were restricted to those that were school‐based programs and frameworks in the United States that included an empirical evaluation of intervention academic‐related outcomes.RESULTSFindings from 36 primary research, review, and meta‐analysis articles from the past 17 years show the benefits of school behavioral health clinical interventions and targeted interventions on a range of academic outcomes for adolescents.CONCLUSIONOur findings are consistent with reports documenting health benefits of school behavioral health frameworks and programs and can facilitate further efforts to support school behavioral health for a range of stakeholders interested in the benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks on academic outcomes.
Evaluation of Unintended Social and Economic Consequences of an Unplanned School Closure in Rural Illinois
Authors: Tsai Victoria , Khan Nomana M. , Shi Jianrong , Rainey Jeanette , Gao Hongjiang , Zheteyeva Yenlik 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool closure is one of the primary measures considered during severe influenza pandemics and other emergencies. However, prolonged school closures may cause unintended adverse consequences to schools, students, and their families. A better understanding of these consequences will inform prepandemic planning, and help public health and education authorities in making informed decisions when considering school closures.METHODSWe conducted a household survey and interviewed school officials following an 8‐day long closure of a school district in rural Illinois. We described household responses regarding difficulties of school closure, and summarized main themes from school official interviews.RESULTSA total of 208 (27%) household surveys were completed and returned. This school closure caused difficulties to 36 (17%) households; uncertain duration of closure, childcare arrangements, and lost pay were the most often reported difficulties. Having 1 adult in the household losing pay and household income below $25,000 were significantly associated with overall difficulty during this school closure. Concern about student health and safety was the most frequent theme in school administrator interviews.CONCLUSIONSWhereas the majority of responding households did not report difficulties during this school closure, households with 1 adult losing pay during the closure reported incurring additional expenses for childcare.
Physical and sensory properties of gelatin from seabass (Lates calcarifer) as affected by agar and κ‐carrageenan
Authors: Sinthusamran Sittichoke , Benjakul Soottawat , Hemar Yacine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhysical and sensory properties of gelatin from skin and swim bladder of seabass (SK and SW, respectively) as affected by agar or κ‐carrageenan at 10 and 20% substitution were investigated. Hardness of both SK and SW gels containing agar increased with increasing level of agar. However, the addition of κ‐carrageenan lowered hardness of mixed gels. Springiness and cohesiveness of either SK or SW gels decreased as the level of both agar or κ‐carrageenan increased. Gelling and melting temperatures generally increased when the level of hydrocolloids was increased. The highest gelling (∼36C) and melting temperatures (∼43C) were obtained for SK added with 20% agar and 20% κ‐carrageenan, respectively. However, the addition of both hydrocolloids at 10% affected gel microstructure differently. Furthermore, the addition of agar at 10% could increase the likeness score of sensory properties of gelatin gel. Therefore, the addition of hydrocolloids with appropriate level could improve the texture and sensory properties of gelatin from seabass.Practical applicationsDue to the poor gelling property of fish gelatin, compared to its mammalian counterpart, improvement of this property using the selected hydrocolloids can be a promising means. In this work, it was found that agar or κ‐carrageenan can be incorporated to fish gelatin to improve gelling, textural and sensory properties of gelatin from skin of seabass (Lates calcarifer). Both agar and κ‐carrageenan could increase gelling and melting temperatures of seabass gelatin. The incorporation of hydrocolloids (agar and κ‐carrageenan) could also improve the quality of fish gelatin gel, which in turn can widen the applications of fish gelatin in the food and other industries.
Herbivory and trampling by small mammals modify soil properties and plant assemblages
Authors: Pascual Jesús , Alberti Juan , Daleo Pedro , Iribarne Oscar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractQuestionDo trampling and herbivory by small mammals affect salt marsh physical and biological properties?LocationUpper salt marsh, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina.MethodsA field experiment was placed from autumn to early summer in runways made by the wild Guinea pig, Cavia aperea. Segments of runways were randomly assigned to different treatments: control (herbivory and trampling), total exclusion (without herbivory or trampling) and reduced trampling (herbivory without trampling). After 8 months of experiment, soil hardness, runway depth, maximum plant height, above‐ground biomass, plant assemblages, diversity and richness were measured and compared between treatments.ResultsRunways of C. aperea covered 14.5% of the area. Through trampling, C. aperea compacted the soil, increasing soil hardness and runway depth. Herbivory, in turn, reduced above‐ground biomass and plant species richness, and affected species composition. Both herbivory and trampling decreased the maximum plant height.ConclusionOur results show how small herbivores, through trampling, are able to drive soil compaction, an effect previously described only for large mammals. Results also show that small mammals can control salt marsh primary production, reduce species richness and modify the composition of plant species through herbivory. Small mammal herbivores, thus, can modify physical and biological properties of salt marsh communities through both trophic and non‐trophic mechanisms.
Total Replacement of Dietary Fish Oil with a Blend of Vegetable Oils in the Marine Herbivorous Teleost, Siganus canaliculatus
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Liu Xuebing , Xu Shude , Wu Qingyang , You Cuihong , Monroig Óscar , Tocher Douglas R. , Li Yuanyou 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo investigate the feasibility of total replacement of dietary fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VOs) and the optimal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level in the marine herbivorous teleost Siganus canaliculatus, six isonitrogenous (32%) and isolipidic (8%) diets were formulated. Control diet used FO as lipid source, whereas diets VO1–VO5 contained various blends of palm, soybean, rapeseed, and linseed oils, in which the dietary PUFA levels were 42.0, 38.2, 33.8, 29.9, and 27.1%, respectively. After S. canaliculatus juveniles were fed with the diets for 9 wk, their growth performance exhibited no significant difference among the dietary groups. The tissue fatty acid (FA) profiles in liver and fillet generally reflected the dietary FA compositions and showed no significant difference among the VO dietary groups. The results suggest that dietary FO can be replaced completely by VO, without affecting their growth performance. Concerning the effects of the dietary FA profile on the survival rate, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index, and PUFA composition in fillets, diets VO1 and VO2 were more favorable compared with diets VO3–VO5. Considering the availability and cost of the VOs, diet VO2 was recommended for practical use in S. canaliculatus.