bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of composite paper-based coating for reducing room temperature under galvalume roofing
Authors: Bintarto Redi , Purnowidodo Anindito , Darmadi Djarot B. , Widodo Teguh Dwi 
Published: September 2024

The increasing amount of paper waste can be enhanced in its utility by transforming it into composites to utilize it as a technology for coating metal roofs to absorb heat. Various paper types have been proven to reduce heat inside the room below when applied to Galvalume roofs. Therefore, multiple types of paper waste are highly suitable for metal roof coatings. This research investigates whether differences in the types of paper mixed with epoxy and applied to the surface of Galvalume roofs will affect the temperature reduction inside the room. These differences in paper types also affect the level of thermal conductivity when measured with the same instruments and dimensions. Data were obtained by mixing small-sized cut paper materials and layering them on Galvalume sheets with the help of epoxy as an adhesive. The temperature data collection process was conducted by preparing 6 boxes with 4 thermocouples supplemented with thermal imaging testing. To broaden the analysis, images of the roof were also taken and analyzed for color to assess the extent of sunlight absorption and reflection on the roof. Four thermocouples were placed 20cm above the roof, above the composite, below the Galvalume, and 40cm below the roof or inside the room. Thermal conductivity data were analyzed separately and integrated with roof color data, further corroborated with temperature data collected by the thermocouples. The four sensors can determine the temperature inside and around the room, focusing on the temperature around the installed composite roof. The analysis shows that adding paper and epoxy-based composites can reduce the thermal conductivity of Galvalume roofs and lower the temperature inside the room below it. Compared to a Galvalume roof without coating, the composite coating with cardboard paper is the most effective, with an estimated average room temperature reduction of 1.9 degrees Celsius. For reducing the air temperature above the roof, the newspaper coating is the best choice, with an estimated average temperature decrease of 2.6 degrees Celsius
Analysis of an enhanced random forest algorithm for identifying encrypted network traffic
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Angkawisittpan Niwat , Feng Xinyue 
Published: September 2024

The focus of this paper is to apply an improved machine learning algorithm to realize the efficient and reliable identification and classification of network communication encrypted traffic, and to solve the challenges faced by traditional algorithms in analyzing encrypted traffic after adding encryption protocols. In this study, an enhanced random forest (ERF) algorithm is introduced to optimize the accuracy and efficiency of the identification and classification of encrypted network traffic. Compared with traditional methods, it aims to improve the identification ability of encrypted traffic and fill the knowledge gap in this field. Using the publicly available datasets and preprocessing the original PCAP format packets, the optimal combination of the relevant parameters of the tree was determined by grid search cross-validation, and the experimental results were evaluated in terms of performance using accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score, which showed that the average precision was more than 98 %, and that compared with the traditional algorithm, the error rate of the traffic test set was reduced, and the data of each performance evaluation index were better, which It shows that the advantages of the improved algorithm are obvious. In the experiment, the enhanced random forest and traditional random forest models were trained and tested on a series of data sets and the corresponding test errors were listed as the basis for judging the model quality. The experimental results show that the enhanced algorithm has good competitiveness. These findings have implications for cybersecurity professionals, researchers, and organizations, providing a practical solution to enhance threat detection and data privacy in the face of evolving encryption technologies. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners and decision-makers in the cybersecurity field
Optimized impact resistance in sealed plastic cup lids through integrated finite element analysis and drop tests
Authors: Janlasad Nadnalin , Tangchaichit Kiatfa 
Published: September 2024

This study explores the impact of varying rim widths on the structural integrity and impact resistance of plastic cup lids sealed with laminate film. Employing a quantitative approach, Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations and empirical drop tests were conducted to address a notable gap in the field of packaging engineering. The research findings reveal that decreasing the rim width from 5 mm to 2 mm significantly lowers the threshold for damage from a drop height of 1.55 meters to approximately 1.30 meters, underscoring a direct relationship between rim width and lid durability under transportation stresses.
The study highlights that narrower rims lead to heightened stress concentrations at lower drop heights, thus increasing the likelihood of structural failure. Integrating water hammer theory helped elucidate the dynamic responses within the cup structure during impact, providing a detailed analysis of how stress distribution and failure modes are influenced by changes in rim width.
Practical implications of this research are substantial, offering actionable insights for the packaging industry on designing more robust and resource-efficient packaging solutions. By reducing rim width, manufacturers can achieve cost savings and environmental benefits through decreased material usage while maintaining product integrity. Future research directions proposed include applying these insights to a broader range of packaging materials and enhancing the environmental scope of the models to increase their applicability and predictive accuracy in real-world scenarios
Identification of risk factors that are dominant to the vulnerability of buildings due to earthquakes and their mitigation by the importance index method
Authors: Yusuf Moyos Muhammad , Wibowo Ari , Pujiraharjo Alwafi 
Published: September 2024

The rapid progress of development in the Surabaya area, especially in areas crossed by the Waru segmentation fault, Wiyung District, and Lakarsantri, is marked by the number of residential developments and tall buildings which will certainly contribute to the value of natural disaster vulnerability, earthquakes. So, to reduce the risk value of loss to casualties and material losses from potential earthquakes, further mitigation is needed. The aim of this study is to determine the dominant factors for building vulnerability and earthquake natural disaster mitigation in the Waru segmentation fault area. One of the analytical methods used is the Importance Index (IMPI) method, this analysis method is carried out to determine the most dominant risk level from existing risks and bowtie analysis is used to manage, reduce and mitigate the most dominant risks. Based on the results of research and risk assessment, the most dominant risk level variable for building vulnerability due to Waru segmentation faults is variable 2 c (finishing with heavy loads such as concrete or precast panels that are not firmly attached to the structure) with an IMPI value of 83.13 %. The presence of finishing with heavy loads such as concrete or precast panels that are not firmly attached to the structure in the event of an earthquake disaster in the Waru Fault will endanger and can bring down people around the building. To reduce the risk of casualties due to earthquakes in the Waru Fault, it is necessary to prevent by providing an additional number of dynabol bolts, enlarging the reinforcement at the façade and canopy joints, locking concrete cavities with special concrete stucco additives and conducting surveillance monitoring during construction
Nonlinear models of the soil base for slab culculations
Authors: Dostanova Saule , Kalpenova Zaure , Shayakhmetov Saulet , Kasymova Gulsum , Tokpanova Kamilya 
Published: September 2024

The proposed algorithm for calculating the base of dense clay soils was used in the calculation of rigid airfield and automobile coverings, railway embankments and slab foundations of large structures and in the body of earthworks (earthwork of hydraulic structures, earthwork of railways and highways, earthen dams) under static influences. The results of their numerical calculations showed that the linear models of such structures differ significantly from the real behavior of the soil, taking into account their plastic and rheological properties (sediments are underestimated by 2–3 times). The modules of soil deformation G (shear resistance) decrease when using nonlinear models, which leads to an increase in rheological and plastic properties, this process depends on the rate of intensity of deformations and stresses. All this must be taken into account when constructing and operating large and responsible structures. This requires a deeper study of the soil properties, confirmed by experimental data. In this work the equations of the soil state, experimentally obtained using triaxial compression devices, were used and an algorithm for calculating the soil base was compiled on their basis. The advantage of this algorithm is that it allows to obtain solutions for 3 base models and evaluate their effect on the stress-strain state inside the considered array and under the sole of the slab foundation. This is especially important for predicting the sediment of foundations for large-scale buildings and structures and the operation of the body of earthworks
The Physicochemical Analysis of the Interaction Reaction of Potassium Chloride with Ammonium Hydrosulfate
Authors: Zhumashev Kalkaman , Serikbayeva Akmaral , Bussurmanova Akkenzhe , Akkenzheyeva Anar , Boranbayeva Assiya , Altybayeva Zhansaule , Gusmanova Aigul , Narembekova Aibala , Berdikulova Feruza , Mauleshev Arman , Kenbaev Tugelbai 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
This paper represents the results of exploratory research on the production of ammonium-potassium sulfate salt and by-products. Information on the use of the results of fundamental research for the creation of new technological processes is provided. The increase in the range of products based on ammonium salts is a priority task for the industrial enterprise “KazAzot” JSC (Kazakhstan, Aktau). Another task is to expand the areas of application of products with derivatives based on ammonium hydrosulfate. Furthermore, combined fertilizers can be included in the list of products. The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate physicochemical transformations in reaction mixtures, such as obtaining ammonium-potassium sulfate-fertilizer with three target components.

Methods
The experimental work was conducted in a laboratory shaft electric furnace, with observations of changes in the reaction mass and determination of the pH of the gas phase. The produced products were subjected to an X-ray phase analysis on the diffractometer Miflex 600 (Japan) with CuKɑ. In addition, the physicochemical changes of reaction mixtures and synthesized salts were studied with the help of the derivatograph of the Q-1000/D system by “MOM” F. Paulik, J. Paulik, L. Erdey and LabSys Evo TG-DTA/DTG (Setaram, France), NETZSCH STA 443 F3 in the nitrogen atmosphere. The thermodynamic evaluation of the probability of reactions was obtained using the Astra-4 program complex HCS-5.1 Chemistry (Outokumpu).

Results
It has been established that in the temperature range 157 - 260 0C at equal molar ratios of NH4HSO4÷KSO4 the condensed product of the reaction is a double salt - ammonium-potassium sulfate (NH4KSO4) and its decomposition into constituent sulfates occurs above 260 0C with simultaneous pyrolysis of ammonium sulfate to complete formation of ammonium hydrosulfate and ammonia. At incomplete pyrolysis of ammonium sulfate in the cooled residue is present (NH4)3HS2O8, so salt formed from 2 ammonium sulfates: (NH4)2SO4∙NH4HSO4 and similarly, the product of incomplete decomposition of ammonium-potassium sulfate - NH4KSO4 is KHSO4∙K2SO4.

Conclusion
An increase in the stoichiometric molar ratio in the system «NH4HSO4 ÷ KCl» leads to the formation of more complex hydrated salts and the basic salt of ammonium - ammonium sulfate, and, on the contrary, a decrease in the ratio - to a more basic compound of potassium sulfate.
Understanding the Experiences of Dental Interns in Internship Programs in the United Arab Emirates: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alsabeeha Nabeel HM , AlAli Alaa M , AlSamahi Shaikha A , AlRaeesi Sireen , Awad Manal 
Published: September 2024

Background/purpose
Dental internship training is crucial for the professional development of dental graduates in preparation for independent practice. In the United Arab Emirates, dental internship programs have been established for many years; however, outcome reports from the interns’ perspectives are still lacking. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate interns’ perceptions and experiences with dental internship programs in the United Arab Emirates.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on dental interns enrolled in internship programs in the year 2020/2021. Participants rated their experience using a validated questionnaire covering nine clinical domains with a 4-point Likert scale and responded to open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Windows version 28, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) while textual data were analyzed using the Framework Analysis approach. An independent t-test was employed to compare male and female participants in each survey domain.

Results
Two hundred and fifty-five interns responded (90 males, 165 females; response rate: 80.6%). The majority of participants rated their experience “well” or “very well”; however, “poor” or “very poor” performance in surgical periodontics (49%), trauma management, tissue biopsy (50%), and restoration of dental implants (60%) were reported. No gender differences were observed across the different domains. Open textual responses focused on the clinical aspects of the programs with demands for more complex and challenging cases.

Conclusion
The outcomes of dental internship programs in the United Arab Emirates were overall positive, reflecting a very adequate preparedness for practice. Areas of weakness in dental implant restoration, esthetic and digital dentistry, and surgical periodontics were reported with a need for increasing the scholarly activity component.
The Effect of Perceived Principal’s Instructional Leadership on the Occupational Well-being among Rural Elementary and Middle School Teachers
Authors: Meng Weicheng , Chang Yuan-Cheng 
Published: September 2024

Background
Occupational well-being as an important factor affecting the stability of the rural teacher team is not only the endogenous driver for the revitalization of rural education but also the source of a good life pursued by teachers. In order to promote the improvement of teachers' occupational well-being and further explore its influencing factors. this research explores the effects of perceived principal’s instructional leadership on rural elementary and middle school teachers, teachers’ instructional efficacy, and teacher awareness of professional development on their occupational well-being.

Methods
Simple random sampling was conducted on rural elementary and middle school teachers from Henan and Shandong provinces in China. Furthermore, using a quantitative approach, a total of 609 valid questionnaires were collected. A structural equation model was applied to validate and analyze the data collected.

Results
The results show that the higher the teachers’ perceived principal’s instructional leadership, the higher their occupational well-being, and teaching efficacy and professional development awareness pay a mediating effect between perceived principal’s leadership and occupational well-being.

Conclusion
The principals’ practices and reflection on instructional leadership should be encouraged, and the teachers’ self-understanding ability and professional development awareness should be promoted in order to enhance their occupational well-being.
Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction Disorders among Adult Populations in the Middle–East: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kargar Shiva , Tabatabaei Seyed Mehdi , Okati-Aliabad Hassan , Rad Hossein Izadi 
Published: September 2024

Background
Thyroid dysfunction is a systemic disorder that causes severe morbidity and is a public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among adults in the Middle East.

Methods and Materials
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline databases from 2000–2021 to identify studies that presented the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism in the Middle East. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals of thyroid dysfunction. The data were analyzed using STATA-V14.

Results
Generally, 345 studies had eligible criteria to be included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of thyroid disorders, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism in the Middle East were 19.2% (95% CI: 11.0 – 33.2), 7.2% (95% CI: 3.6 – 14.3), 8.3% (95% CI: 5.3 – 13.0), 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4– 3.9), and 3.2% (95% CI: 2.1 – 4.7), respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of thyroid disorders increased from 15.2% (95% CI: 9.8-23.6) to 31.5% (95% CI: 22.5- 44.2) between 2000 and 2022.

Conclusions
Current meta-analysis suggests that thyroid disorders are more prevalent among adults in the Middle East. Moreover, with an increasing trend in the prevalence of thyroid disorders during the last two decades, early screening and prevention of the disease should be practiced.
Exploring Anti-vaccination Beliefs among the Youth Population: A Comprehensive Validation of the Arabic VAX Scale for In-depth Attitude Analysis
Authors: Aldriweesh Mohammed A. , Shaheen Mohammed F. , Aljahdali Ghadeer L. , Alomar Abdulrahman O. 
Published: September 2024

Background
The rise of anti-vaccination sentiments among the youth has become a significant public health concern, highlighting the need for effective tools to understand and address these beliefs.

Aims
This research introduces the Arabic VAX Scale, designed to assess and analyze the complex attitudes towards vaccinations within Arabic-speaking populations.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students from different disciplines in governmental universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between November 2020 and August 2021.

Results
The translated questionnaire was piloted among 39 Arabic-speaking participants. Subsequently, it was electronically sent to 2000 undergraduate university students attaining 319 complete responses. Majority were females [69.3%; n=221], averaging 21.6±2.7 years. The factor analysis of VAX-AR questionnaire loaded fittingly on the four subdomains previously defined in the original VAX questionnaire. The reliability analysis revealed a Cronbach's α score of 0.70 – 0.88 for all subdomains. Higher VAX-AR scores reliably correlated with negative behaviors and attitudes towards Flu, COVID-19, and mandatory vaccinations [p<.001]. Anti-vaccination ideas stemming from religious beliefs were associated with ideas pertaining to the commercial profiting.

Conclusion
VAX-AR scale has good validity and reliability scores and can be used to assess the prevalence of anti-vaccination beliefs and ideas in Arabic-speaking populations.
The Use of Natural Language Processing Methods in Reddit to Investigate Opioid Use: Scoping Review
Authors: Almeida Alexandra , Patton Thomas , Conway Mike , Gupta Amarnath , Strathdee Steffanie A , Bórquez Annick 
Published: September 2024

Background
The growing availability of big data spontaneously generated by social media platforms allows us to leverage natural language processing (NLP) methods as valuable tools to understand the opioid crisis.

Objective
We aimed to understand how NLP has been applied to Reddit (Reddit Inc) data to study opioid use.

Methods
We systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies and conference abstracts in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, ACL Anthology, IEEE Xplore, and Association for Computing Machinery data repositories up to July 19, 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating opioid use, using NLP techniques to analyze the textual corpora, and using Reddit as the social media data source. We were specifically interested in mapping studies’ overarching goals and findings, methodologies and software used, and main limitations.

Results
In total, 30 studies were included, which were classified into 4 nonmutually exclusive overarching goal categories: methodological (n=6, 20% studies), infodemiology (n=22, 73% studies), infoveillance (n=7, 23% studies), and pharmacovigilance (n=3, 10% studies). NLP methods were used to identify content relevant to opioid use among vast quantities of textual data, to establish potential relationships between opioid use patterns or profiles and contextual factors or comorbidities, and to anticipate individuals’ transitions between different opioid-related subreddits, likely revealing progression through opioid use stages. Most studies used an embedding technique (12/30, 40%), prediction or classification approach (12/30, 40%), topic modeling (9/30, 30%), and sentiment analysis (6/30, 20%). The most frequently used programming languages were Python (20/30, 67%) and R (2/30, 7%). Among the studies that reported limitations (20/30, 67%), the most cited was the uncertainty regarding whether redditors participating in these forums were representative of people who use opioids (8/20, 40%). The papers were very recent (28/30, 93%), from 2019 to 2022, with authors from a range of disciplines.

Conclusions
This scoping review identified a wide variety of NLP techniques and applications used to support surveillance and social media interventions addressing the opioid crisis. Despite the clear potential of these methods to enable the identification of opioid-relevant content in Reddit and its analysis, there are limits to the degree of interpretive meaning that they can provide. Moreover, we identified the need for standardized ethical guidelines to govern the use of Reddit data to safeguard the anonymity and privacy of people using these forums.