bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Het ‘praktisch’ geweten: over de nood tot en voorwaarden voor morele intervisie
Authors: Topal Julien 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

‘Practical’ Moral Conscience: on the necessity of and conditions for moral intervention

This article seeks to connect insights from moral psychology to methodologies of moral learning. This is done by way of the notion of ‘practical’ moral conscience. Our moral conscience warns us when we are (potentially) bound to make a moral mistake. While a capacity possessed by all, the contents of our moral conscience are largely bound by our social-cultural upbringing. Add to that the findings of moral psychology that our moral judgments are 1) largely intuitive and 2) that these intuitions are heavily influenced by our cognitive limitations and emotional triggers, and a need for interventions on our moral conscience emerges. This need is particularly obvious within (governmental) organizations, which for their integrity are dependent on morally conscious employees. Without specifying a specific method by which to undertake such interventions, this article stipulates four preconditions for the needed critical engagement with our moral conscience.
Decolonising the classroom
Authors: Autar Louise 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Taking the concept of credibility as a focal point, this article explores inclusive and decolonised classroom dynamics in the Dutch universities. Though much has been written on diversity and decolonisation in higher education, from curricula to epistemology to recruitment, there is a dearth in the discourse when it comes to decolonisation of classrooms. Drawing on Sally Haslanger’s conceptualisation of ‘credibility’ in classroom dynamics (2014), I focus on the intricate ways of classroom interaction which can usher those present in retracting from participating and engaging in class due to micro-aggressions, intimidation, or oppression in any form. As class participation and engagement are pivotal to success in the current format of academia that values individual participation and visibility, especially so in the Humanities, special attention to credibility addresses how classrooms can be transformed into inclusive teaching environments for all. The main question of this paper is: how are inclusive classrooms, in which every attendee feels credible as a knowledge producer, created and sustained? Classroom dynamics are complicated when both visibly and invisibly ‘marked’ attendees join the classroom, as power dynamics, inherent biases, and (micro-)aggressions can become hurdles in the learning process. It is the coloniality (Quijano & Ennis, 2000) of the classroom and the overrepresentation of Man (McKittrick, 2014) which I first analyse to demonstrate the need for decolonisation of the classroom. Then, I show the innovative investigative lens that the concept of credibility can offer in analysing classrooms through an illustration. Based on this exploration of classroom credibility, tools to evaluate the coloniality of classrooms and strategies to decolonise the classroom may be formulated.
A low-power data acquisition system for geomagnetic observatories and variometer stations
Authors: Morschhauser Achim , Haseloff Jürgen , Bronkalla Oliver , Müller-Brettschneider Carsten , Matzka Jürgen 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. A modern geomagnetic observatory must provide data of high stability, continuity, and resolution. The INTERMAGNET network has therefore specified quantitative criteria to ensure a high quality standard of geomagnetic observatories. Here, we present a new data acquisition system which was designed to meet these criteria, in particular with respect to 1 Hz data. This system is based on a Raspberry Pi embedded PC and runs a C+ +  data acquisition software. As a result, the data acquisition system is modular, cheap, and flexible, and it can be operated in remote areas with limited power supply. In addition, the system is capable of near-real-time data transmission, using a reverse SSH tunnel to work with any network available. The system hardware was successfully tested at the Niemegk observatory for a period of 1 year and subsequently installed at the Tatuoca observatory in Brazil.
Derdenwerking van exoneratiebedingen: een inkadering van het redelijkheidsoordeel
Authors: Salome P.F. 
Published: September 2017

Derdenwerking van exoneratiebedingen: een inkadering van het redelijkheidsoordeel
Derdenwerking van exoneratiebedingen dient te worden gerechtvaardigd door de ‘aard van het desbetreffende geval’. Gezichtspunten spelen daarbij een rol. De literatuur is kritisch op de rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad en de door hem geformuleerde gezichtspunten: het zou resulteren in een gebrek aan houvast. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de toepassing van de gezichtspunten in de rechtspraak. Hieruit volgt een ‘diffuus beeld’. Na een uitstap naar het Engelse contractenrecht wordt een aanbeveling gedaan om het leerstuk van (meer) rechtszekerheid te voorzien.
A Novel Diffuse Fraction‐Based Two‐Leaf Light Use Efficiency Model: An Application Quantifying Photosynthetic Seasonality across 20 AmeriFlux Flux Tower Sites
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Shao‐Qiang , Yu Kai‐Liang , Wang Bin , Yu Qin , Bohrer Gil , Billesbach Dave , Bracho Rosvel , Rahman Faiz , Shugart Herman H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDiffuse radiation can increase canopy light use efficiency (LUE). This creates the need to differentiate the effects of direct and diffuse radiation when simulating terrestrial gross primary production (GPP). Here, we present a novel GPP model, the diffuse‐fraction‐based two‐leaf model (DTEC), which includes the leaf response to direct and diffuse radiation, and treats maximum LUE for shaded leaves (ɛmsh defined as a power function of the diffuse fraction (Df)) and sunlit leaves (ɛmsu defined as a constant) separately. An Amazonian rainforest site (KM67) was used to calibrate the model by simulating the linear relationship between monthly canopy LUE and Df. This showed a positive response of forest GPP to atmospheric diffuse radiation, and suggested that diffuse radiation was more limiting than global radiation and water availability for Amazon rainforest GPP on a monthly scale. Further evaluation at 20 independent AmeriFlux sites showed that the DTEC model, when driven by monthly meteorological data and MODIS leaf area index (LAI) products, explained 70% of the variability observed in monthly flux tower GPP. This exceeded the 51% accounted for by the MODIS 17A2 big‐leaf GPP product. The DTEC model's explicit accounting for the impacts of diffuse radiation and soil water stress along with its parameterization for C4 and C3 plants was responsible for this difference. The evaluation of DTEC at Amazon rainforest sites demonstrated its potential to capture the unique seasonality of higher GPP during the diffuse radiation‐dominated wet season. Our results highlight the importance of diffuse radiation in seasonal GPP simulation.
Methods and Model Dependency of Extreme Event Attribution: The 2015 European Drought
Authors: Hauser Mathias , Gudmundsson Lukas , Orth René , Jézéquel Aglaé , Haustein Karsten , Vautard Robert , van Oldenborgh Geert J. , Wilcox Laura , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: September 2017

Key Points
Multi‐method event attribution of the 2015 European drought
Contradicting evidence on the role of anthropogenic influence on the event
Uncertainty in event attribution may be larger than previously thought
Roadmaps to Transition Countries to 100% Clean, Renewable Energy for All Purposes to Curtail Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Risk
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSolving the problems of global warming, air pollution, and energy security requires a massive effort by individuals, communities, businesses, nonprofits, and policy makers around the world. The first step in that process is to have a plan. To that end, roadmaps to transition 139 countries of the world to 100% clean, renewable wind, water, and solar power for all energy purposes (electricity, transportation, heating, cooling, industry, agriculture, forestry, and fishing) by 2050, with 80% by 2030, have been developed. The evolution, characteristics, and impacts to date of these plans are briefly described.
Simulated Prompt Acceleration of Multi‐MeV Electrons by the 17 March 2015 Interplanetary Shock
Authors: Hudson Mary , Jaynes Allison , Kress Brian , Li Zhao , Patel Maulik , Shen Xiao‐Chen , Thaller Scott , Wiltberger Michael , Wygant John 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrompt enhancement of relativistic electron flux at L = 3–5 has been reported from Van Allen Probes Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) measurements associated with the 17 March 2015 interplanetary shock compression of the dayside magnetosphere. Acceleration by ∼1 MeV is inferred on less than a drift timescale as seen in prior shock compression events, which launch a magnetosonic azimuthal electric field impulse tailward. This impulse propagates from the dayside around the flanks accelerating electrons in drift resonance at the dusk flank. Such longitudinally localized acceleration events produce a drift echo signature which was seen at >1 MeV energy on both Van Allen Probe spacecraft, with sustained observations by Probe B outbound at L = 5 at 2100 MLT at the time of impulse arrival, measured by the Electric Fields and Waves instrument. MHD test particle simulations are presented which reproduce drift echo features observed in the REPT measurements at Probe B, including the energy and pitch angle dependence of drift echoes observed. While the flux enhancement was short lived for this event due to subsequent inward motion of the magnetopause, stronger events with larger electric field impulses, as observed in March 1991 and the Halloween 2003 storm, produce enhancements which can be quantified by the inward radial transport and energization determined by the induction electric field resulting from dayside compression.
Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation From Streamer Collisions
Authors: Luque Alejandro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a full electromagnetic model of streamer propagation where the Maxwell equations are solved self‐consistently together with electron transport and reactions including photoionization. We apply this model to the collision of counter‐propagating streamers in gaps tens of centimeters wide and with large potential differences of hundreds of kilovolts. Our results show that streamer collisions emit electromagnetic pulses that, at atmospheric pressure, dominate the radio frequency spectrum of an extended corona in the range from about 100 MHz to a few gigahertz. We also investigate the fast penetration, after a collision, of electromagnetic fields into the streamer heads and show that these fields are capable of accelerating electrons up to about 100 keV. By substantiating the link between X‐rays and high‐frequency radio emissions and by describing a mechanism for the early acceleration of runaway electrons, our results support the hypothesis that streamer collisions are essential precursors of high‐energy processes in electric discharges.
Using the Weak‐Temperature Gradient Approximation to Evaluate Parameterizations: An Example of the Transition From Suppressed to Active Convection
Authors: Daleu C. L. , Plant R. S. , Woolnough S. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo single‐column models are fully coupled via the weak‐temperature gradient approach. The coupled‐SCM is used to simulate the transition from suppressed to active convection under the influence of an interactive large‐scale circulation. The sensitivity of this transition to the value of mixing entrainment within the convective parameterization is explored. The results from these simulations are compared with those from equivalent simulations using coupled cloud‐resolving models. Coupled‐column simulations over nonuniform surface forcing are used to initialize the simulations of the transition, in which the column with suppressed convection is forced to undergo a transition to active convection by changing the local and/or remote surface forcings. The direct contributions from the changes in surface forcing are to induce a weakening of the large‐scale circulation which systematically modulates the transition. In the SCM, the contributions from the large‐scale circulation are dominated by the heating effects, while in the CRM the heating and moistening effects are about equally divided. A transition time is defined as the time when the rain rate in the dry column is halfway to the value at equilibrium after the transition. For the control value of entrainment, the order of the transition times is identical to that obtained in the CRM, but the transition times are markedly faster. The locally forced transition is strongly delayed by a higher entrainment. A consequence is that for a 50% higher entrainment the transition times are reordered. The remotely forced transition remains fast while the locally forced transition becomes slow, compared to the CRM.
Plant Architecture Modelling: Virtual Plants and Complex Systems
Authors: Godin Christophe , Costes Evelyne , Sinoquet Hervé 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionNature of Plant Architecture: Basic ConceptsRepresenting and Analysing Plant ArchitectureModelling Functions on Static StructuresModels of Plant DevelopmentConclusion and PerspectivesAcknowledgements
Electrical SignallingviaPlasmodesmata
Authors: van Bel Aart J.E. , Ehlers Katrin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionElectrical Coupling as an Initial Probe for Symplasmic Cell CouplingPhysical Essentials of Electrical Coupling MeasurementsMembrane Potential Mapping as a Tool for Recognition of Symplasmic Domain BordersInterrelations between Current Injection and Plasmodesmatal PermeabilityPotential Functions of Electrical Cell–Cell (un)CouplingRelationships between Electropotential Waves, Plasmodesmatal Conductance and Physiological ActivitiesRole of Plasmodesmata in the Propagation of Electropotential Waves and Long‐Distance SignallingAre Integrated Electrical and Chemical Long‐Distance Signals Mediated by Plasmodesmata during Systemic Induced Resistance?Concluding Remarks
Floral Patterning and Control of Floral Organ Formation
Authors: Kramer Elena M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTheABCModel of Floral Organ IdentityRegulating the Expression of the Floral Organ Identity GenesConservation and Modification of theABCProgramSex Determination as a Modification of Floral Organ IdentityFuture PerspectivesAcknowledgements
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility
Authors: Budar Françoise , Touzet Pascal , Pelletier Georges 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPioneering Work in Plant Sexuality and HybridisationEarly Studies ofCMSDefinition ofCMSas a System with Two Genetic DeterminantsUse ofCMSin Hybrid Seed ProductionThe Search forCMS: Intraspecific Crosses, Alloplasmic Situations and CybridsSpontaneousCMSsResult from Genomic Conflict between Nuclear and Cytoplasmic GenesMolecular Studies onCMSs: A Step towards Understanding or Confusion?Conclusion and ProspectsAcknowledgements
The Diversity and Significance of Flowering in Perennials
Authors: Townsend Theresa , Albani Maria , Wilkinson Mike , Coupland George , Battey Nick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Importance of PerennialityFlowering in the Context of PerennialityRaunkiaer's Five Life Form Groups: Deeper and Deeper Connections between Flowering and PerennialityConclusionAcknowledgements
Flower Colour
Authors: Tanaka Yoshikazu , Brugliera Filippa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFlower ColourThe Pigment ClassesAnthocyanin Structure and Flower ColourComplexity of Blue FlowersBiosynthesis of FlavonoidsFlower Colour and MutationsEvolutionary Aspects of Structural Genes in the Flavonoid PathwayGenetic Engineering of Flower ColourConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
A Dual‐Layered Microfluidic System for Long‐Term Controlled In Situ Delivery of Multiple Anti‐Inflammatory Factors for Chronic Neural Applications
Authors: Frey Laura , Bandaru Praveen , Zhang Yu Shrike , O'Kelly Kevin , Khademhosseini Ali , Shin Su Ryon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study reports the development of a microfluidic system capable of repeated infusions of anti‐inflammatory factors post‐implantation for use as a coating for neural probes. This system consists of a microchannel in a thin gelatin methacryloyl–polyethylene glycol composite hydrogel surrounded by a porous polydimethylsiloxane membrane, where the hydrogel can be dried to increase the stiffness for easy insertion. Reswelling allows the perfusion of interleukin (IL)‐4 and dexamethasone as anti‐inflammatory factors through the channel with minimal burst release and significant amounts of IL‐4 are observed to release for up to 96 h post‐infusion. Repeated injections of IL‐4 increase the ratio of prohealing M2 versus proinflammatory M1 phenotypes of macrophages encapsulated in the hydrogel by sixfold compared with a single injection, over a 2‐week period. These repeated infusions also significantly downregulate the expression of inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor‐α and IL‐6 in astrocytes encapsulated in hydrogel. To demonstrate the system as a coating of neural probes for in vivo applications, a prototype device is further fabricated, where a thin dual‐layered microfluidic system is integrated onto a metal probe. Such a drug delivery system can help reduce the formation of a glial scar around neural probes.
Multifunctional Glyco‐Nanofibers: siRNA Induced Supermolecular Assembly for Codelivery In Vivo
Authors: Chang Yincheng , Lv Yinghua , Wei Peng , Zhang Pengfei , Pu Liang , Chen Xiaoxu , Yang Kui , Li Xueliang , Lu Yuchao , Hou Chenxi , Pei Yuxin , Zeng Wenxian , Pei Zhichao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTargeted codelivery and controlled release of drug/siRNA (small interfering RNA) in a safe and effective vehicle hold great promises for overcoming drug resistance and optimal efficacy in cancer treatment; however, rational design and preparation of such vehicles remain a critical challenge. Thus, glyco‐nanofibers (GNFs) are fabricated via supermolecular assembly of polyanionic siRNA and cationic vesicles to simultaneously deliver siRNA and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) in vitro and in vivo. The vesicles are created through self‐assembly of a positively charged amphiphilic lactose derivative featuring a lactose moiety and a ferrocenium unit on either end of the molecule. The GNFs display excellent biocompatibility, enhanced cell‐penetrating ability, and hepatoma targetability. The high transport efficiency of siRNA, effective gene silencing ability, and enhanced cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells of GNFs loaded with DOX are observed in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of DOX to both HepG2 and HepG2/ADR subcutaneous tumor‐bearing nude mice. This work proves the electrostatic self‐assembly between cationic carbohydrates and polyanionic siRNA to be a convenient and effective strategy to fabricate a single vehicle for safe and effective codelivery of drug/siRNA, which can be used to combine chemo‐ and gene‐therapy against cancers and other diseases.
Synthesis and Utilization of Nitroalkyne Equivalents in Batch and Continuous Flow
Authors: Morse Peter D. , Jamison Timothy F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report a method for overcoming the low stability of nitroalkynes through the development of nitrated vinyl silyltriflate equivalents. Because of their instability, nitroalkynes have only rarely been utilized in synthesis. The reactivity of these silyltriflates, which are prepared in situ, is exemplified by dipolar cycloaddition reactions with nitrones to give highly substituted 4‐nitro‐4‐isoxazolines in high yields. This approach has proven general for several different alkyl and aryl substituted alkynes. In order to minimize the accumulation of potentially hazardous reaction intermediates, we have also developed a continuous flow variant of this method that is capable of carrying out the entire reaction sequence in a good yield and a short residence time.
Olefin‐Supported Rhenium(III) Terminal Oxo Complexes Generated by Nucleophilic Addition to a Cyclopentadienyl Ligand
Authors: Lohrey Trevor D. , Bergman Robert G. , Arnold John 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of the oxo ReV β‐diketiminate, OReCl2(BDI), with various cyclopentadienide (Cp) sources has been investigated. As a result, we have developed a route to a new class of terminal oxo complexes of ReIII supported by olefin moieties of substituted cyclopentadienes. The success of this pathway is due to the electrophilic nature of the Cp ligand in the cation, [ORe(η5‐Cp)(BDI)]+ (3+), which allows for nucleophilic attack by a variety of reagents under mild conditions. In contrast, tBuNC was found to attack at the oxo moiety to produce isocyanate by oxygen atom transfer.
Stable Oxindolyl‐Based Analogues of Chichibabin's and Müller's Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Xingdong , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Li Guangwu , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChichibabin's and Müller's hydrocarbons are classical open‐shell singlet diradicaloids but they are highly reactive. Herein we report the successful synthesis of their respective stable analogues, OxR‐2 and OxR‐3, based on the newly developed oxindolyl radical. X‐ray crystallographic analysis on OxR‐2 reveals a planar quinoidal backbone similar to Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, in accordance with its small diradical character (y0=11.1 %) and large singlet–triplet gap (ΔES‐T=−10.8 kcal mol−1). Variable‐temperature NMR studies on OxR‐2 disclose a slow cis/trans isomerization process in solution through a diradical transition state, with a moderate energy barrier (ΔG≠298K=15–16 kcal mol−1). OxR‐3 exhibits a much larger diradical character (y0=80.6 %) and a smaller singlet–triplet gap (ΔES‐T=−3.5 kcal mol−1), and thus can be easily populated to paramagnetic triplet diradical. Our studies provide a new type of stable carbon‐centered monoradical and diradicaloid.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indenes and Cyclopentadienes: Access to (±)‐Laurokamurene B and the Skeletons of the Cycloaurenones and Dysiherbols
Authors: Yin Xiang , Mato Mauro , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe formal (3+2) cycloaddition between terminal allenes and aryl or styryl gold(I) carbenes generated by a retro‐Buchner reaction of 7‐substituted 1,3,5‐cycloheptatrienes led to indenes and cyclopentadienes, respectively. These cycloaddition processes have been applied to the construction of the carbon skeleton of the cycloaurenones and the dysiherbols as well as to the total synthesis of (±)‐laurokamurene B.
Alkynylation of C(O)–H Bonds Enabled by Photoredox‐Mediated Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer
Authors: Mukherjee Satobhisha , Garza‐Sanchez R. Aleyda , Tlahuext‐Aca Adrian , Glorius Frank 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of new hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) strategies within the framework of photoredox catalysis is highly appealing for its power to activate a desired C−H bond in the substrate leading to its selective functionalization. Reported here is the first photoredox‐mediated hydrogen‐atom transfer method for the efficient synthesis of ynones, ynamides, and ynoates with high regio‐ and chemoselectivity by direct functionalization of C
(O)−H bonds. The broad synthetic application of this method has been demonstrated by the selective functionalization of C(O)−H bonds within complex molecular scaffolds.