bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First observations of anthropogenic underwater noise in a large multi-use lake
Authors: Bolgan Marta , Chorazyczewska Emilia , Winfield Ian J. , Codarin Antonio , O'Brien Joanne , Gammell Martin 
Published: June 2016

<p>Over the last fifty years, anthropogenic noise has increased dramatically in aquatic environments and is now recognised as a chronic form of pollution in coastal waters. However, this form of pollution has been largely neglected in inland water bodies. To date, very few studies have investigated the noise spectra in freshwater environments and at present no legislation exists to protect freshwater organisms from anthropogenic noise. The present study represents the first assessment of anthropogenic noise pollution in<strong> </strong>a large multi-use lake<strong> </strong>by characterising noise levels of the main ferry landings of the lake of Windermere, UK using Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM). During November 2014, acoustic samples (10 min long) were collected from such areas using a calibrated omni-directional hydrophone and their spectral content was analysed in 1/3 octave bands (dB re 1 µPa). Results indicate that the current noise levels in Windermere warrant further investigation as a potential threat to the fish community which occurs in this already delicate and pressured habitat. Based on results obtained, it is recommended that further studies focus on a wider geographical and temporal range in order to start to fill the knowledge and legislative gaps regarding anthropogenic noise monitoring in fresh waters. </p>
Differential expression of six genes in fat-type Hungarian Mangalica and other pigs
Authors: Tempfli Károly , Kiss Barbara , Szalai Klaudia , Simon Zoltán , Pongrácz László , Bali Papp Ágnes 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In order to identify potential variances in gene expression of phenotypically different pig breeds, six fat-metabolism-related genes were analyzed in backfat and muscle tissues of fat-type Mangalica (MAN), Mangalica × Duroc (MD), and lean-type Hungarian Large White (HLW) and Pietrain × Duroc (PD) pigs by means of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Higher (P < 0.05) adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (A-FABP) expression was observed in backfat and muscle tissues of purebred and crossbred MAN than in those of HLW and PD. In all breeds and crosses, adiponectin (ADIPOQ) was predominantly expressed in backfat at a similar level (P > 0.05), whereas muscle ADIPOQ expression was highest (P < 0.05) in MAN and MD. Levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA were greatest in MAN, moderate in MD, and lowest in HLW and PD backfat and muscle. The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) was more abundant in MAN and MD backfat, whereas muscle expressions did not differ (P > 0.05) between breeds. Regarding leptin (LEP) expression, MAN produced the greatest levels in backfat, while HLW produced the lowest. In muscle, highest LEP was detected in MAN and MD. Between groups, perilipin 2 (PLIN2) was expressed similarly in backfat; however, PLIN2 was more abundant in muscle of MAN and MD than in that of HLW and PD. Differences in gene expression can contribute to the development of the characteristic fatty phenotype in MAN pigs. The identification of differentially expressed genes facilitates targeted sequencing and genotyping efforts for further studies.
Typical synoptic situations and their impacts on the wintertime air pollution in the Guanzhong basin, China
Authors: Bei Naifang , Li Guohui , Huang Ru-Jin , Cao Junji , Meng Ning , Feng Tian , Liu Suixin , Zhang Ting , Zhang Qiang , Molina Luisa T. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused severe air pollution in the Guanzhong basin, northwestern China, with heavy haze events occurring frequently in recent winters. Using the NCEP reanalysis data, the large-scale synoptic situations influencing the Guanzhong basin during wintertime of 2013 are categorized into six types to evaluate the contribution of synoptic situations to the air pollution, including “north-low”, “southwest-trough”, “southeast-high”, “transition”, “southeast-trough”, and “inland-high”. The FLEXPART model has been utilized to demonstrate the corresponding pollutant transport patterns for the typical synoptic situations in the basin. Except for “southwest-trough” and “southeast-high” (defined as favorable synoptic situations), the other four synoptic conditions (defined as unfavorable synoptic situations) generally facilitate the accumulation of air pollutants, causing heavy air pollution in the basin. In association with the measurement of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) in the basin, the unfavorable synoptic situations correspond to high PM2.5 mass concentrations or poor air quality and vice versa. The same analysis has also been applied to winters of 2008–2012, which shows that the basin was mainly influenced by the unfavorable synoptic situations during wintertime leading to poor air quality. The WRF-CHEM model has further been applied to simulate the selected 6 days representing the typical synoptic situations during the wintertime of 2013, and the results generally show a good agreement between the modeled distributions and variations of PM2.5 and the corresponding synoptic situations, demonstrating reasonable classification for the synoptic situations in the basin. Detailed meteorological conditions, such as temperature inversion, low-level horizontal wind speed, and planetary boundary layer, all contribute to heavy air pollution events in the basin under unfavorable synoptic conditions. Considering the proportion of occurrence of unfavorable synoptic situations during wintertime, reduction of emissions is the optimum approach to mitigate the air pollution in the Guanzhong basin.
Coastline evolution of Portuguese low-lying sandy coast in the last 50 years: an integrated approach
Authors: Ponte Lira Cristina , Nobre Silva Ana , Taborda Rui , Freire de Andrade Cesar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Regional/national-scale information on coastline rates of change and trends is extremely valuable, but these studies are scarce. A widely accepted standardized methodology for analysing long-term coastline change has been difficult to achieve, but it is essential to conduct an integrated and holistic approach to coastline evolution and hence support coastal management actions. Additionally, databases providing knowledge on coastline evolution are of key importance to support both coastal management experts and users.The main objective of this work is to present the first systematic, national-scale and consistent long-term coastline evolution data of Portuguese mainland low-lying sandy coasts.The methodology used quantifies coastline evolution using a unique and robust coastline indicator (the foredune toe), which is independent of short-term changes.The dataset presented comprises (1) two polyline sets, mapping the 1958 and 2010 sandy beach–dune system coastline, both optimized for working at 1 : 50 000 scale or smaller; (2) one polyline set representing long-term change rates between 1958 and 2010, each estimated at 250 m; and (3) a table with minimum, maximum and mean of evolution rates for sandy beach–dune system coastline. All science data produced here are openly accessible at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.859136 and can be used in other studies.Results show beach erosion as the dominant trend, with a mean change rate of −0.24 ± 0.01 m year−1 for all mainland Portuguese beach–dune systems. Although erosion is dominant, this evolution is variable in signal and magnitude in different coastal sediment cells and also within each cell. The most relevant beach erosion issues were found in the coastal stretches of Espinho–Torreira and Costa Nova–Praia de Mira, Cova da Gala–Leirosa, and Cova do Vapor–Costa da Caparica. The coastal segments Minho River–Nazaré and Costa da Caparica adjacent to the coast exhibit a history of major human interventions interfering with the coastal system, many of which originated and maintained a sediment deficit. In contrast, the coastal segments Troia–Sines and Sines–Cape S. Vicente have experienced less intervention and show stable or moderate accretion behaviour.
Frequency and Predictors of Non-Compliance to Aspirin Therapy in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Soomro Hala , Aleem Salik , Hussain Mujtaba , Alam Ali , Qadeer Ali , Saand Aisha Rasool , Ein Nur Ul , Ahmad Tahreem , Sultan Ayyaz Alam , Khan Maaz Hasan , Usman Hamza , Bhatti Areesh , Noor Samran , Sarki Hassan , Shujauddin Syed Muhammad , Imran Hiba , Gagai Hasan Alam , Arshad Mohammad Hussham 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND: Aspirin non-adherence or discontinuation is associated with an almost three-fold increase in risk of major adverse cardiac events. Compliance, commonly known as adherence, has been a major health care issue. Some studies have reported non-adherence rates to aspirin as high as fifty percent. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency and predictors of non-compliance to aspirin in post myocardial infarction patients.METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months from May 2015 to July 2015 at Civil Hospital, Karachi. All patients visiting Cardiology out-patient department (OPD) with previously diagnosed myocardial infarction were included in the study. Patients who were not prescribed aspirin or those with contraindication to aspirin therapy such as hemophiliacs and peptic ulcer disease patients, and those with memory problems were excluded from the study. A pre-coded questionnaire was presented to the selected sample of 456 patients. Compliance was assessed through self-report. Chi square test was used as the primary statistical test.RESULTS: Out of 456 patients, 39% (n=178) were non-compliant to aspirin therapy. The most common reported cause for non-compliance was the failure to remember taking the drug reported by 40.7% (n=72) of the people. The second most common cause was the lack of awareness of the importance of the drug and the possible side effects of not taking it 31.4% (n =56).CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that non-compliance to aspirin is a major problem present in Pakistan. With the number of cardiovascular deaths increasing around the globe and in Pakistan, it is vital that non-compliance to aspirin should be taken as a serious issue.
Non-traditional Family Forms & the International Dimension of Family Life: A Report on the ERA Seminar, ‘Recent Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights in Family Law Matters’
Authors: Mol Charlotte 
Published: June 2016

Non-traditional Family Forms & the International Dimension of Family Life: A Report on the ERA Seminar, ‘Recent Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights in Family Law Matters’
This report discusses the interesting remarks and conclusions made by the speakers at the ERA seminar, ‘Recent Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights in Family Law Matters’, which took place in Strasbourg on 11-12 February 2016. The report starts with a brief discussion on the shifting notion of ‘family life’ in the case law of the ECtHR, then turns to best interests of the child in international child abduction cases, the Court’s recognition of LGBT rights and finally the spectrum of challenges regarding reproductive rights in the Court’s case law. The overarching general trend is that the Court is increasingly faced with issues concerning non-traditional forms of family and with issues caused by the internationalisation of families. How this is seen in the Court’s recent case law and how it effects the various areas of family law is discussed in this report.
Formerly cohabiting parents and parenting plans: Who makes the effort?
Authors: de Bruijn Simon , Poortman Anne-Rigt , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: June 2016

Formerly cohabiting parents and parenting plans: Who makes the effort?
When the Promotion of Continued Parenting and Proper Divorce Act came into force on March 2009 both married and cohabiting Dutch parents of minor children were obliged to draw up a parenting plan when they separate. Parenting plans are not enforceable for cohabiters, however. Using data from the New Families in the Netherlands survey, we examine how many former cohabiters create a parenting plan and how this compares to the number of verbal or no arrangements. We expect that child, parents and relationship characteristics are important for the likelihood that a parenting plan is constructed. Results show that more than half of former cohabiters create a parenting plan. Furthermore, former cohabiters are more likely to draw up a parenting plan if they consult a legal practitioner during their separation process. In addition, the younger the youngest child is, the more likely that former cohabiters will create a parenting plan or make verbal arrangements rather than no arrangements. That is also true for higher educated households and if they opt for residential co-parenting after divorce. Former cohabiters in a high-conflict situation are less likely to develop a parenting plan than make no arrangements.
Na companhia de Hermes: em busca do papel hermenêutico da lei no Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: Andrade Fernanda , Mateiro Mário Martins 
Published: June 2016

O papel Hermenêutico da Lei no Estado Democrático de Direito constitui o problema deste trabalho. (i) A partir do mito grego de Hermes, compreende-se a Hermenêutica como filosofia, com universalidade, conhecimento histórico, superação da objetividade da compreensão e indissociabilidade entre pré-compreensão/interpretação/aplicação. A Lei (palavra escrita) não tem um sentido-em-si, porque o sentido lhe é dado pela construção com referência ao intérprete. (ii) Na sequência, trata-se da Lei e do sistema jurídico, compreendendo-se o Direito como um sistema Autopoiético, a Lei como fonte do Direito e o processo Hermenêutico de ingresso da fonte no sistema. (iii) Ainda, investiga-se a relação entre a Lei e a Democracia. Numa sociedade complexa e conflituosa, o Direito encontra, na teoria Autopoiética, a possibilidade de assimilar, de acordo com seus critérios de relevância, os elementos (fontes) de outros sistemas, sem ser a eles indiferente e sem sofrer interferência de fatores exógenos.
4D Trajectory Generation for Guidance Module of a UAV for a Gate-to-Gate Flight in Presence of Turbulence
Authors: Butt Maaz , Munawar Khalid , Bhatti Umar I. , Iqbal Sohail , Al-Saggaf Ubaid M. , Ochieng Washington 
Published: June 2016

Robotic air vehicles are used increasingly in delivering goods especially for safety-of-life applications. This paper discusses a guidance module for trajectory generation of such vehicles. An offline algorithm is developed using a navigation model to produce the required trajectory in the form of time-tagged longitude, latitude and altitude. The process is an essential requirement when an operator has to program a robotic vehicle to travel on the desired course. This problem is addressed scarcely in the relevant literature. The waypoints are generated for all phases of flight and then modified to cater for the wind disturbance parameters obtained from current meteorological information. The waypoints are uploaded to the vehicle's flight control system memory and reside there for the vehicle to follow. This paper also renders the generated trajectory on Google Earth® using Matlab/Simulink® to test the closed-loop performance. Furthermore, a Dryden wind model is utilized to generate a modified trajectory for turbulent conditions. An operator can make adjustments in the required initial heading angle so the vehicle lands at its destination even in turbulent weather. An empirical formula is also proposed for this purpose. Further work includes design of a control system to follow the generated waypoints.
Polarization induced three-dimensional hole gas in compositionally graded InxGa1−
xN layer
Authors: Enatsu Yuuki , Gupta Chirag , Laurent Matthew , Keller Stacia , Nakamura Shuji , Mishra Umesh K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A polarization-induced three-dimensional hole gas (3DHG) was demonstrated in undoped and compositionally graded In
x
Ga1−

x
N layers. All samples were grown on Ga-face bulk GaN substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. A high hole concentration of 2.8 × 1018 cm−3 was obtained in a 100-nm-thick In
x
Ga1−

x
N layer where the indium composition was graded from x = 0 to x = 0.2. 3DHG density control by varying the indium composition and thickness of a compositionally graded In
x
Ga1−

x
N layer was also demonstrated.
Oxygen additive amount dependence of rate of photoresist removal by H radicals generated on a tungsten hot-wire catalyst
Authors: Yamamoto Masashi , Umemoto Hironobu , Ohdaira Keisuke , Shikama Tomokazu , Nishiyama Takashi , Horibe Hideo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We examined an environmentally friendly photoresist removal method using radicals produced by decomposing mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen on a hot tungsten catalyst. The photoresist removal rate increased with the oxygen additive amount (the flow rate ratio of oxygen to hydrogen) up to an optimal amount and then decreased gradually. When the catalyst temperature was 1600 °C, the optimal oxygen additive amount was 1.0% and the removal rate was 1.7 times higher than that in the pure hydrogen system. At 2000 °C, the optimal amount increased to 2.5% but the increase ratio decreased by 1.3 times. At high catalyst temperatures, the absolute removal rate as well as the optimal oxygen additive amount is high, but the increase ratio is low. At the optimal oxygen additive amount, H, O, and OH radicals may exert their effects together to decompose photosensitive polymers.
Computational complexity reduction techniques for real-time and high-resolution medical ultrasound imaging using the beam-space Capon method
Authors: Okumura Shigeaki , Taki Hirofumi , Sato Toru 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The beam-space (BS) Capon method is an adaptive beamforming technique that reduces computational complexity. However, the complexity is not low enough for real-time imaging. Reducing the number of time-delay and transformation processes from element-space to BS signal processing is required. We propose a technique that replaces the time-delay processes by the multiplication of steering vectors and covariance matrices. In addition, we propose a compensation technique for estimating the intensity accurately. In an experimental study using a 2.0 MHz transmission frequency on a 15 × 10.4 mm2 region of interest, the first side-lobe level, the −6 dB beam width, the intensity’s estimation error, and the calculation time of the conventional method were −15 dB, 0.70 mm, 3.2 dB, and 656 ms. Those of the proposed method were −17 dB, 0.36 mm, 1.6 dB, and 81 ms, respectively. Using our method on three CPUs achieves imaging of 37 frames/s.
DC non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma jet generated using a syringe needle electrode
Authors: Matra Khanit 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Non-thermal plasma jet was generated by applying a dc source voltage between the syringe needle anode with flowing Argon gas and a planar or a hollow copper cathode in an atmospheric-pressure environment. The two operating discharge modes, which were self-pulsing and a continuous discharge mode, these were mainly controlled by the limitations of the current flowing in the discharge circuit. A ballast resistor was an important factor in affecting the limitations of the operating discharge mode. The gas breakdown was initially generated in the self-pulsing discharge mode at the source voltage of 1.2 kV. This was slightly higher than the breakdown voltage at the experimental condition of 1 lpm of Argon and a 1 mm electrode gap distance. The peak self-pulsing discharge currents were up to 15–20 A with a self-pulsing frequency in the range of 10–20 kHz. The continuous discharge mode could be observed at the higher source voltage with the continuous discharge current within the range of a few milliamperes.
Investigation of erosion mechanism of tungsten-based electrode in multiphase AC arc by high-speed visualization of electrode phenomena
Authors: Tanaka Manabu , Hashizume Taro , Imatsuji Tomoyuki , Nawata Yushi , Watanabe Takayuki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Electrode phenomena in a multiphase AC arc were successfully visualized using a high-speed observation system with a bandpass filter system to understand the erosion mechanisms of tungsten-based electrodes due to the droplet ejection and electrode evaporation. The obtained results indicated that both droplet ejection and electrode evaporation contributed to the electrode erosion in the multiphase AC arc. The erosion by droplet ejection mainly occurred during the cathodic period, while electrode evaporation mainly occurred during the anodic period. The rates of erosion by droplet ejection and evaporation were estimated to be 6 and 3 g/min, respectively, when the arc current was 100 A. The results of an evaluation of the possible forces acting on the electrode tip suggested that the electromagnetic force was the dominant force in the cathodic period, resulting in droplet ejection.
Effect of microplasma irradiation on skin barrier function
Authors: Shimizu Kazuo , Tran An N. , Blajan Marius 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the feasibility of atmospheric-pressure argon microplasma irradiation (AAMI) to promote percutaneous absorption. A hairless Yucatan micropig skin was used for this ex vivo study. After AAMI, the disturbance in the stratum corneum (SC) lipids was observed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Also, an increase in transepidermal water loss and no physical damage on pig skins were confirmed by microscopic observation. These results of AAMI were compared with those of a plasma jet irradiation (PJI) and a tape stripping test (TST) leading to the conclusion that AAMI reduces the barrier function of the skin and could also enhance the transdermal absorption of drugs.
Disinfection of Streptococcus mutans biofilm by a non-thermal atmospheric plasma brush
Authors: Hong Qing , Dong Xiaoqing , Chen Meng , Xu Yuanxi , Sun Hongmin , Hong Liang , Wang Yong , Yu Qingsong 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This study investigated the argon plasma treatment effect on disinfecting dental biofilm by using an atmospheric pressure plasma brush. Streptococcus mutans biofilms were developed for 3 days on the surfaces of hydroxyapatite (HA) discs, which were used to simulate human tooth enamel. After plasma treatment, cell viability in the S. mutans biofilms was characterized by using 3-(4,5-dimethylazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Compared with the untreated control group, about 90% bacterial reduction in the biofilms was observed after 1 min plasma treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination indicated severe cell damages occurred on the top surface of the plasma treated biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that plasma treatment was effective as deep as 20 µm into the biofilms. When combined with antibiotic treatment using 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution, the plasma treatment became more effective and over 96% bacterial reduction was observed with 1 min plasma treatment.