bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of phonon‐mediated hot carrier relaxation in type‐II InAs/AlAsxSb1 − x quantum wells: a practical route to hot carrier solar cells
Authors: Esmaielpour Hamidreza , Whiteside Vincent R. , Tang Jinfeng , Vijeyaragunathan Sangeetha , Mishima Tetsuya D. , Cairns Shayne , Santos Michael B. , Wang Bin , Sellers Ian R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInAs/AlAsxSb1 − x quantum wells are investigated for their potential as hot carrier solar cells. Continuous wave power and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence indicate a transition in the dominant hot carrier relaxation process from conventional phonon‐mediated carrier relaxation below 90 K to a regime where inhibited radiative recombination dominates the hot carrier relaxation at elevated temperatures. At temperatures below 90 K, photoluminescence measurements are consistent with type‐I quantum wells that exhibit hole localization associated with alloy/interface fluctuations. At elevated temperatures, hole delocalization reveals the true type‐II band alignment, where it is observed that inhibited radiative recombination due to the spatial separation of the charge carriers dominates hot carrier relaxation. This decoupling of phonon‐mediated relaxation results in robust hot carriers at higher temperatures, even at lower excitation powers. These results indicate type‐II quantum wells offer potential as practical hot carrier systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay Mechanism of β→δ Phase Transition of Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine in Polymer Bonded Explosive Formulations by Heat Conduction Obstacle
Authors: Dai Xiaogan , Xu Jinjiang , Wen Yushi , Li Yubin , Huang Fenglei , Li Ming , Zeng Qun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe β→δ phase transition (PT) of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) plays an important role in the safety of explosives when they are exposed to heat. In this work the effect of HMX content on the PT of HMX in Polymer Bonded Explosive (PBX) is reported. Using in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) test combined with quantitative analysis, the dependence of the PT temperature and dynamic behavior of HMX in PBX formulations [HMX+triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)+Olefin] on the content of HMX is investigated. The results show that the β→δ PT temperature gradually increases with the reduction of HMX content and with the increase of TATB content. Additives of TATB and olefin in high concentration can form compact coatings on the HMX crystals. Such coatings can delay the nucleations of δ‐HMX by inhibiting the volumetric expansion during PT. Moreever, these coatings separate the HMX crystals and build up a heat conduction obstacle. As a result the growths of δ‐HMX are also suppressed by the coatings. In contrast, fewer additives lead to larger free surface area of HMX, which accelerates the PT.
Prior knowledge or freedom of interpretation? A critical look at a recently published classification of “novel” Zn binding sites
Authors: Raczynska Joanna E , Wlodawer Alexander , Jaskolski Mariusz 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn a recently published article (Yao, Flight, Rouchka, and Moseley, Proteins 2015;83:1470–1487) the authors proposed novel Zn coordination patterns in protein structures, apparently discovered using an unprejudiced approach to the information collected in the Protein data Bank (PDB), which they advocated as superior to the prior‐knowledge‐informed paradigm. In our assessment of those propositions we demonstrate here that most, if not all, of the “new” coordination geometries are fictitious, as they are based on incorrectly interpreted protein crystal structures, which in themselves are often not error‐free. The flaws of interpretation include partial or wrong Zn sites, missed or wrong ligands, ignored crystal symmetry and ligands, etc. In conclusion, we warn against using this and similar meta‐analyses that ignore chemical and crystallographic knowledge, and emphasize the importance of safeguarding structural databases against bad apples. Proteins 2016; 84:770–776. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of UV radiation on the reactivity of porous methyl‐doped SiO2 layers
Authors: Dultsev Fedor N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper erroneously neglected to reference an earlier paper, an oversight which the authors wish to correct to improve the overall contribution of both papers. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Understanding a prospective approach to designing malicious social bots
Authors: He Yukun , Zhang Guangyan , Wu Jie , Li Qiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe security implications of social bots are evident in consideration of the fact that data sharing and propagation functionality are well integrated with social media sites. Existing social bots primarily use Really Simple Syndication and OSN (online social network) application program interface to communicate with OSN servers. Researchers have profiled their behaviors well and have proposed various mechanisms to defend against them. We predict that a web test automation rootkit (WTAR) is a prospective approach for designing malicious social bots. In this paper, we first present the principles of designing WTAR‐based social bots. Second, we implement three WTAR‐based bot prototypes on Facebook, Twitter, and Weibo. Third, we validate this new threat by analyzing behaviors of the prototypes in a lab environment and on the Internet, and analyzing reports from widely‐used antivirus software. Our analyses show that WTAR‐based social bots have the following features: (i) they do not connect to OSN directly, and therefore produce few network flows; (ii) they can log in to OSNs easily and perform a variety of social activities; (iii) they can mimic the behaviors of a human user on an OSN. Finally, we propose several possible mechanisms in order to defend against WTAR‐based social bots. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fallback tests for co‐primary endpoints
Authors: Ristl Robin , Frommlet Florian , Koch Armin , Posch Martin 
Published: February 2016

When efficacy of a treatment is measured by co‐primary endpoints, efficacy is claimed only if for each endpoint an individual statistical test is significant at levelα. While such a strategy controls the family‐wise type I error rate (FWER), it is often strictly conservative and allows for no inference if not all null hypotheses can be rejected. In this paper, we investigate fallback tests, which are defined as uniform improvements of the classical test for co‐primary endpoints. They reject whenever the classical test rejects but allow for inference also in settings where only a subset of endpoints show a significant effect. Similarly to the fallback tests for hierarchical testing procedures, these fallback tests for co‐primary endpoints allow one to continue testing even if the primary objective of the trial was not met. We propose examples of fallback tests for two and three co‐primary endpoints that control the FWER in the strong sense under the assumption of multivariate normal test statistics with arbitrary correlation matrix and investigate their power in a simulation study. The fallback procedures for co‐primary endpoints are illustrated with a clinical trial in a rare disease and a diagnostic trial. © 2016 The Authors.Statistics in Medicinepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Entrepreneurial beacons: TheYale endowment, run‐ups, and the growth of venture capital
Authors: Bermiss Y. Sekou , Hallen Benjamin L. , McDonald Rory , Pahnke Emily C. 
Published: February 2016

Research summary: This article investigates the social context of entrepreneurship in organizational sectors. Prior research suggests that firm foundings are driven by collective patterns of activity—such as patterns of prior foundings in a given sector. Building on research on social salience and signals, we consider the influence of singular sector‐level triggers, which we call entrepreneurial beacons. We argue that the actions or outcomes of single, salient organizations attract and motivate entrepreneurs, thus increasing the rate of foundings. We test this logic by examining the impact of theYaleUniversity endowment's investment choices and of venture‐capital‐backedIPOrun‐ups on venture‐capital foundings between 1984 and 2011. We find support for the existence and influence of beacons and outline boundary conditions for their effects.Managerial summary: What leads entrepreneurs to found new companies in nascent sectors? In contrast to prior research, which emphasizes patterns of activity, we argue that entrepreneurial activity can sometimes be driven by the actions of a singular trigger—what we call an entrepreneurial beacon. We examine the influence of two such beacons,YaleUniversity's endowment investments and exceptional venture‐capital‐backedIPOrun‐ups, on the founding of new venture‐capital firms over a 28‐year period. We find thatYale's increased allocations to the venture‐capital asset‐class has a significant influence on the founding of new venture‐capital firms, while exceptional venture‐capital‐backedIPOrun‐ups only influence venture‐capital foundings under certain conditions. Overall, we offer an explanation for heretofore anecdotal accounts of certain organizations or events that appear to have an outsized influence on entrepreneurial activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its major constituent cinnamaldehyde induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC‐3 cells
Authors: Chang Wen‐Lun , Cheng Fu‐Chou , Wang Shu‐Ping , Chou Su‐Tze , Shih Ying 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTCinnamomum cassia essential oil (CC‐EO) has various functional properties, such as anti‐microbial, hypouricemic, anti‐tyrosinase and anti‐melanogenesis activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti‐cancer activities of CC‐EO and its major constituent, cinnamaldehyde, in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC‐3 cells. Determination of the cell viability, apoptotic characteristics, DNA damage, cell cycle analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic Ca2+ level and intracellular redox status were performed. Our results demonstrated that CC‐EO and cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased cell viability and caused morphological changes. The cell cycle analysis revealed that CC‐EO and cinnamaldehyde induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in HSC‐3 cells. The apoptotic characteristics (DNA laddering and chromatin condensation) and DNA damage were observed in the CC‐EO‐treated and cinnamaldehyde‐treated HSC‐3 cells. Moreover, CC‐EO and cinnamaldehyde promoted an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels, induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated cytochrome c release. The results of ROS production and intracellular redox status demonstrated that CC‐EO and cinnamaldehyde significantly increased the ROS production and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, and the cellular glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly reduced in HSC‐3 cells. Our results suggest that CC‐EO and cinnamaldehyde may possess anti‐oral cancer activity in HSC‐3 cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 456–468, 2017.
Reproductive ecology and nest‐site selection of eastern wild turkeys translocated to east Texas
Authors: Isabelle Jason L. , Conway Warren C. , Comer Christopher E. , Calkins Gary E. , Hardin Jason B. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTDespite extensive restoration efforts in eastern Texas, USA, eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkey) densities remain considerably lower than in other southern states. To help understand this disparity, we studied reproductive ecology and nest‐site selection of turkeys translocated to 4 super‐stocked (≥70 turkeys released) sites in eastern Texas, 2007–2008. Median first nest‐initiation date (16 Apr) was similar between first and second year postrelease and release‐year nesting rates were highly variable (15–77% among sites) and lower than during year 2 at each site (69–92% among sites). Renesting rates and nest success rates across sites and years averaged 21% and 38%, respectively, and poult survival varied 0–51%, averaging 35% across sites and years. Nest sites had greater living woody vegetation, ground and screening cover, and ground cover height than random sites. Successful nests tended to have more (P > 0.05) shrubs, greater visual obstruction, and more and taller ground cover than unsuccessful nests. We recommend thinning pine (Pinus spp.) forests as young as possible, maintaining 0.5–1‐m‐tall vegetation to provide nesting cover, and managing these areas outside the nesting season (Apr–Jun) to minimize disturbance of nesting females. We recommend adults represent ≥50% of male turkeys during translocations to bolster nesting rates during the release year. Given sufficient nesting rates and survival, parameter estimates suggest adequate reproduction for turkey population establishment in eastern Texas. The presence of suitable nesting cover should be an important consideration when selecting future release sites. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Identification of elk preferences for different diet supplements
Authors: Braithwaite Hope , Bateman Timothy M. , Veblen Kari E. , Thacker Eric , Villalba Juan J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough diet supplementation is a well‐established tool for managing livestock distributions and improving vegetation, the principle is less commonly applied to wild ungulates. One reason for this is that it is not known whether wildlife species, such as elk (Cervus elaphus), will habituate to novel supplements and feeders in the landscape. We, therefore, performed a pilot study during winters of 2013 and 2014 to test Rocky Mountain elk (C. e. nelsoni) preferences for 4 diet supplements—2 high in energy (beet pulp and molasses) and 2 high in protein (soybean meal and canola meal)—at a feeding ground in northern Utah, USA. We also tested elk preference for 2 types of feeders that differed in shape, size, and color. We measured the amounts of supplement consumed by elk and used observational techniques (scan sampling) to determine supplement and feeder preference. The weights of refused supplements showed that elk discriminated among supplements, showing greater preferences for high‐energy supplements during periods of low ambient temperatures (P < 0.05). Observational techniques revealed that elk preferred red, short, and wide feeders (P < 0.05). Our results illustrate that elk discriminate among diet supplements and feeder types, suggesting that diet supplementation may be a viable tool to relocate elk away from overused areas. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
The genetic background of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ohno Seiko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by degeneration of the right ventricle and ventricular tachycardia originating from the right ventricle. Additionally, the disease is an inherited cardiomyopathy that mainly follows the autosomal dominant pattern. More than 10 genes have been reported as causative genes for ARVC, and more than half of ARVC patients carry mutations in desmosome related genes. The desmosome is one of the structures involved in cell adhesion and its disruption leads to various diseases, including a skin disease called pemphigus. Among desmosome genes, mutations in PKP2 are most frequently identified in ARVC patients. Although the genotype–phenotype correlations remain to be fully studied, many studies have reported clinical manifestations of, prognosis for, and appropriate therapies for ARVC from the perspective of gene mutations. A collective review of these reports would enhance the understanding of ARVC pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. This review discusses the clinical issues of ARVC from the genetic background.
Evaluation of a digital food photography atlas used as portion size measurement aid in dietary surveys in Greece
Authors: Naska Androniki , Valanou Elisavet , Peppa Eleni , Katsoulis Michail , Barbouni Anastasia , Trichopoulou Antonia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate how well respondents perceive digital images of food portions commonly consumed in Greece.DesignThe picture series was defined on the basis of usual dietary intakes assessed in earlier large-scale studies in Greece. The evaluation included 2218 pre-weighed actual portions shown to participants, who were subsequently asked to link each portion to a food picture. Mean differences between picture numbers selected and portions actually shown were compared using the Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test. The effect of personal characteristics on participants’ selections was evaluated through unpaired t tests (sex and school years) or through Tukey–Kramer pairwise comparisons (age and food groups).SettingTesting of participants’ perception of digital food images used in the Greek national nutrition survey.SubjectsIndividuals (n 103, 61 % females) aged 12 years and over, selected on the basis of the target population of the Greek nutrition survey using convenience sampling.ResultsIndividuals selected the correct or adjacent image in about 90 % of the assessments and tended to overestimate small and underestimate large quantities. Photographs of Greek traditional pies and meat-based pastry dishes led participants to perceive the amounts in the photos larger than they actually were. Adolescents were more prone to underestimating food quantities through the pictures.ConclusionsThe digital food atlas appears generally suitable to be used for the estimation of average food intakes in large-scale dietary surveys in Greece. However, individuals who consistently consume only small or only large food portions may have biased perceptions in relation to others.
The Outsourcing Debate: Theories and Findings
Authors: Clegg Stewart R. , Burdon Steve , Nikolova Natalia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of services outsourcing by looking at both theoretical and empirical arguments. Previous debates have often concentrated on the motives for adopting the practice rather than the outcomes. These various themes can be discussed under the twin concepts of the cost and efficiency argument and the fashion and isomorphism approach. Our research provides strong evidence to support the cost efficiency argument. On average, significant cost advantages were sought and delivered, as well as improvements in service levels and systems. Many organisations in the current environment in Australia look at outsourcing not only as a method of increasing efficiency but also as gaining competitive advantage through harnessing the superior specialist skills and experience of the outsourcing provider who takes someone's back office function and transforms them into their front office. A 10% net cost saving was considered necessary by an organisation before embarking on an organisational change that was disruptive and in some cases involved downside risks. Even if other efficiency gains such as service levels or systems improvements were required, so were 10%+ cost savings. A number of the organisations thought their skills in managing outsourcing had improved considerably such that they were in a position to move from a client/server relationship to a partnership model (i.e. an alliance).
Photonic gas sensors exploiting directly the optical properties of hybrid carbon nanotube localized surface plasmon structures
Authors: Allsop Thomas , Arif Raz , Neal Ron , Kalli Kyriacos , Kundrát Vojtěch , Rozhin Aleksey , Culverhouse Phil , Webb David J 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigate the modification of the optical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) resulting from a chemical reaction triggered by the presence of a specific compound (gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2)) and show this mechanism has important consequences for chemical sensing. CNTs have attracted significant research interest because they can be functionalized for a particular chemical, yielding a specific physical response which suggests many potential applications in the fields of nanotechnology and sensing. So far, however, utilizing their optical properties for this purpose has proven to be challenging. We demonstrate the use of localized surface plasmons generated on a nanostructured thin film, resembling a large array of nano-wires, to detect changes in the optical properties of the CNTs. Chemical selectivity is demonstrated using CO2 in gaseous form at room temperature. The demonstrated methodology results additionally in a new, electrically passive, optical sensing configuration that opens up the possibilities of using CNTs as sensors in hazardous/explosive environments.
Cold denaturation induces inversion of dipole and spin transfer in chiral peptide monolayers
Authors: Eckshtain-Levi Meital , Capua Eyal , Refaely-Abramson Sivan , Sarkar Soumyajit , Gavrilov Yulian , Mathew Shinto P. , Paltiel Yossi , Levy Yaakov , Kronik Leeor , Naaman Ron 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChirality-induced spin selectivity is a recently-discovered effect, which results in spin selectivity for electrons transmitted through chiral peptide monolayers. Here, we use this spin selectivity to probe the organization of self-assembled α-helix peptide monolayers and examine the relation between structural and spin transfer phenomena. We show that the α-helix structure of oligopeptides based on alanine and aminoisobutyric acid is transformed to a more linear one upon cooling. This process is similar to the known cold denaturation in peptides, but here the self-assembled monolayer plays the role of the solvent. The structural change results in a flip in the direction of the electrical dipole moment of the adsorbed molecules. The dipole flip is accompanied by a concomitant change in the spin that is preferred in electron transfer through the molecules, observed via a new solid-state hybrid organic–inorganic device that is based on the Hall effect, but operates with no external magnetic field or magnetic material.
Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase PIPKIγ and phosphatase INPP5E coordinate initiation of ciliogenesis
Authors: Xu Qingwen , Zhang Yuxia , Wei Qing , Huang Yan , Hu Jinghua , Ling Kun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDefective primary cilia are causative to a wide spectrum of human genetic disorders, termed ciliopathies. Although the regulation of ciliogenesis is intensively studied, how it is initiated remains unclear. Here we show that type Iγ phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) 5-kinase (PIPKIγ) and inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E), a Joubert syndrome protein, localize to the centrosome and coordinate the initiation of ciliogenesis. PIPKIγ counteracts INPP5E in regulating tau-tubulin kinase-2 (TTBK2) recruitment to the basal body, which promotes the removal of microtubule capping protein CP110 and the subsequent axoneme elongation. Interestingly, INPP5E and its product—PtdIns(4)P—accumulate at the centrosome/basal body in non-ciliated, but not ciliated, cells. PtdIns(4)P binding to TTBK2 and the distal appendage protein CEP164 compromises the TTBK2-CEP164 interaction and inhibits the recruitment of TTBK2. Our results reveal that PtdIns(4)P homoeostasis, coordinated by PIPKIγ and INPP5E at the centrosome/ciliary base, is vital for ciliogenesis by regulating the CEP164-dependent recruitment of TTBK2.