bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Folic Acid Food Fortification in Canada on Congenital Heart Disease Subtypes
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Joseph K.S. , Luo Wei , León Juan Andrés , Lisonkova Sarka , Van den Hof Michiel , Evans Jane , Lim Ken , Little Julian , Sauve Reg , Kramer Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results for the effects of periconceptional multivitamins containing folic acid and of folic acid food fortification on congenital heart defects (CHDs).

Methods:
We carried out a population-based cohort study (N=5 901 701) of all live births and stillbirths (including late-pregnancy terminations) delivered at ≥20 weeks’ gestation in Canada (except Québec and Manitoba) from 1990 to 2011. CHD cases were diagnosed at birth and in infancy (n=72 591). We compared prevalence rates and temporal trends in CHD subtypes before and after 1998 (the year that fortification was mandated). An ecological study based on 22 calendar years, 14 geographic areas, and Poisson regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of folic acid food fortification on nonchromosomal CHD subtypes (n=66 980) after controlling for changes in maternal age, prepregnancy diabetes mellitus, preterm preeclampsia, multiple birth, and termination of pregnancy.

Results:
The overall birth prevalence rate of CHDs was 12.3 per 1000 total births. Rates of most CHD subtypes decreased between 1990 and 2011 except for atrial septal defects, which increased significantly. Folic acid food fortification was associated with lower rates of conotruncal defects (adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.85), coarctation of the aorta (aRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61–0.96), ventricular septal defects (aRR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.96), and atrial septal defects (aRR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.95) but not severe nonconotruncal heart defects (aRR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–1.03) and other heart or circulatory system abnormalities (aRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89–1.11).

ConclusionS:
The association between food fortification with folic acid and a reduction in the birth prevalence of specific CHDs provides modest evidence for additional benefit from this intervention.
The Impact of Vertical Resolution on Fog Forecasting in the Kilometric-Scale Model AROME: A Case Study and Statistics
Authors: Philip A. , Bergot T. , Bouteloup Y. , Bouyssel F. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The impact of vertical resolution on numerical fog forecasting is studied in detail for a specific case and evaluated statistically over a winter season. Three vertical resolutions are tested with the kilometric-scale Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) numerical weather prediction model over Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (Paris-CDG) in Paris, France. For the case studied, the vertical resolution has a strong impact on fog onset. The nocturnal jet and the turbulence created by wind shear at the top of the nocturnal boundary layer are more pronounced with a finer vertical resolution, and the turbulence close to the ground is also stronger with high vertical resolution. Local circulations created by the terrain induce different simulated processes during the fog onset. The fog is simulated as advection–radiation fog in the finer vertical resolution run and as radiation fog in the others. The vertical resolution has little impact on the mature and dissipation phases. A statistical study over a winter season confirms the results obtained in the fog case study. High vertical resolution simulates earlier onset, as well as longer-lasting and more spatially heterogeneous fogs. The high vertical resolution configuration simulates more fog events than are found at low resolution (LR); these fog events generally form north of Paris-CDG. No observations are available in this area, leading to many simulated but no observed fog events in the fine-resolution runs. The ceiling of low clouds is not well simulated by the numerical model no matter what vertical resolution is used.
Serial changes and prognostic implications of CT findings in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: comparison with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias alone
Authors: Lee Geewon , Kim Ki Uk , Lee Ji Won , Suh Young Ju , Jeong Yeon Joo 
Published: August 2016

Background Although fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) alone and those combined with pulmonary emphysema are naturally progressive diseases, the process of deterioration and outcomes are variable. Purpose To evaluate and compare serial changes of computed tomography (CT) abnormalities and prognostic predictive factors in fibrotic IIPs alone and those combined with pulmonary emphysema. Material and Methods A total of 148 patients with fibrotic IIPs alone (82 patients) and those combined with pulmonary emphysema (66 patients) were enrolled. Semi-quantitative CT analysis was used to assess the extents of CT characteristics which were evaluated on initial and follow-up CT images. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the effects of clinical and CT variables on survival. Results Significant differences were noted between fibrotic scores, as determined using initial CT scans, in the fibrotic IIPs alone (21.22 ± 9.83) and those combined with pulmonary emphysema groups (14.70 ± 7.28) ( P < 0.001). At follow-up CT scans, changes in the extent of ground glass opacities (GGO) were greater ( P = 0.031) and lung cancer was more prevalent ( P = 0.001) in the fibrotic IIPs combined with pulmonary emphysema group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed changes in the extent of GGO (hazard ratio, 1.056) and the presence of lung cancer (hazard ratio, 4.631) were predictive factors of poor survivals. Conclusion Although patients with fibrotic IIPs alone and those combined with pulmonary emphysema have similar mortalities, lung cancer was more prevalent in patients with fibrotic IIPs combined with pulmonary emphysema. Furthermore, changes in the extent of GGO and the presence of lung cancer were independent prognostic factors of poor survivals.
Characteristics and quality of published animal research in the field of radiology
Authors: Yoon Soo Jeong , Yoon Dae Young , Cho Young Kwon , Baek Sora , Lim Kyoung Ja , Seo Young Lan , Yun Eun Joo 
Published: August 2016

Background Animal research has played an important role in the field of radiology. Purpose To evaluate the characteristics and quality of published radiological animal research. Material and Methods A PubMed search was performed for radiological animal research articles (defined as studies using animal models with a radiologist as the first author) published in 1994, 2004, and 2014. The following information was extracted from each article: journal name, radiological subspecialty, imaging technique, animal species, number of animals used, number of authors, declared funding, country of origin, methodological quality, and ethical quality. Methodological and ethical quality of studies were assessed with seven-item (sample size calculation, animal age, animal sex, animal weight, inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomization, and blinded outcome assessment) and four-item (ethical review committee approval, anesthesia, pain control, and euthanasia) scales, respectively. Results The numbers of radiological animal studies markedly increased, from 91 in 1994 to 163 in 2004 and to 305 in 2014. One hundred and sixty-two (29.0%) articles focused on the neuroradiology/head and neck subspecialty, 233 (41.7%) used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 190 (34.0%) used mice, 254 (45.4%) used 10–30 animals, 297 (53.1%) had 4–7 authors, 392 (70.1%) were funded, and 222 (39.7%) were from the USA. Six of 7 methodological and 3/4 ethical quality items significantly improved over time. Conclusion The quantity and quality of radiological animal research has increased over the last two decades; however, methodological and ethical quality remains suboptimal.
Hospital Staff’s Perceptions with Regards to the Baby-Friendly Initiative
Authors: Pound Catherine , Ward Natalie , Freuchet Marine , Akiki Salwa , Chan Jason , Nicholls Stuart 
Published: August 2016

Background: Adherence to Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) practices is low in Canadian hospitals, despite evidence showing a positive impact of BFI practices on breastfeeding rates and duration. In 2012, the provincial Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care added BFI status to its progress indicators for Public Health Units, which are now required to begin BFI implementation. Objective: This study aims to explore health care workers’ self-reported knowledge of the BFI and their perceptions of the importance of its components. Methods: A questionnaire was electronically sent to 2237 employees working at our institution. Results: Questionnaires were completed by 651 participants, of which 110 (16.9%) and 87 (13.5%) participants reported having good knowledge of the BFI and the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that having children and having received formal breastfeeding education were associated with higher self-reported knowledge. Additionally, 481 (75%) participants reported that it was important or very important to them that the institution adopt the BFI. Having children and being an allied health professional were associated with perceiving the implementation of the BFI as important. Conclusion: The results of our study have allowed us to identify potential barriers to implementation of the BFI, which can be targeted through system changes and staff education. Through this approach, we hope to facilitate acceptance of the BFI at our institution and increase support for optimal breastfeeding practices among our patients.
Press and Communications: An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin F. E. , Baskette F. K. 
Published: August 2016

The Associated Press case went to the U. S. Supreme Court during the current quarter. Arguments were not expected to be heard before the October term. The perennial issue of press freedom achieved the dignity of a “commission investigation” on grant given by Henry Luce of Time-Life-Fortune. The inquiry will be directed by President Hutching of Chicago. The War Labor Board ruled that the Guild's membership maintenance did not endanger the first amendment to the Constitution. Articles on the press and the war reflected the pre-invasion expectancy. Television came in for a new round of interest. F. E. M.
A Comparison of Sexual Health and Sexual Behaviors by Sexual Orientation among Hispanic Men Residing along the US-Mexico Border
Authors: Vasquez Elias Provencio , De Santis Joseph P. , Mata Holly J. , Robbins Leslie K. 
Published: August 2016

Background/significance: High rates of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) related to high-risk sexual behaviors are a public health problem in the United States. Hispanics have the second highest rates of HIV infection among racial/ethnic minorities. Previous research with Hispanic men has identified a number of factors that influence sexual risk and render Hispanic men at risk for HIV/STIs that vary by sexual orientation. Despite these differences in sexual risk by sexual orientation, no study to date has compared the sexual behaviors of Hispanic men by sexual orientation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the sexual behaviors of a sample of Hispanic men residing along the US-Mexico border by sexual orientation. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 103 Hispanic men in a US-Mexico border community. The sample included fifty heterosexual men and fifty-three men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants completed two measures of sexual health/sexual behaviors and a demographic questionnaire. Results: Among this sample of Hispanic men, fewer heterosexual men were tested for HIV infection compared to MSM, more MSM reported HIV infection, MSM had higher rates of certain STIs, and MSM reported more sexual partners. MSM were more likely to experience sexual violence. Heterosexual Hispanic men reported lower rates of condom usage when compared to Hispanic MSM. Implications: Hispanic men as a population may engage in high-risk sexual behaviors that place them at risk for HIV/STIs. More research focused on Hispanic men residing along the US-Mexico border can provide the foundation for intervention studies to help this population of men decrease their risk for HIV/STIs.
Functional outcome of en bloc resection of a giant cell tumour of the distal radius and arthrodesis of the wrist and distal ulna using an ipsilateral double barrel segmental ulna bone graft combined with a modified Sauve-Kapandji procedure
Authors: Zhang W. , Zhong J. , Li D. , Sun C. , Zhao H. , Gao Y. 
Published: August 2016

Giant cell tumour of the distal radius is a locally aggressive lesion. In this study, we performed a wrist arthrodesis reconstruction with an ipsilateral double barrel segmental ulnar bone graft combined with a modified Sauve-Kapandji procedure for a giant cell tumour of the distal radius. From January 2007 to September 2013, we followed eight patients for a mean duration of 36 months. One patient developed a recurrence and was treated by amputation; the other seven patients achieved radiological union in about 8 months. There was no wrist instability, deformation or dislocation; the mean range of motion of the forearm achieved 75° of supination and 70° of pronation. The patients could recover reasonable grip strength. This new operative procedure can excise the tumour with a low rate of recurrence, fewer functional deficits and fewer complications than reported for other procedures. Level of evidence: IV, therapeutic
Long-Term Improvement in Glucose Control and Counterregulation by Islet Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rickels Michael R. , Peleckis Amy J. , Markmann Eileen , Dalton-Bakes Cornelia , Kong Stephanie M. , Teff Karen L. , Naji Ali 
Published: August 2016

Context:
Islet transplantation has been shown to improve glucose counterregulation and hypoglycemia symptom recognition in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) complicated by severe hypoglycemia episodes and symptom unawareness, but long-term data are lacking.

Objective:
To assess the long-term durability of glucose counterregulation and hypoglycemia symptom responses 18 months after intrahepatic islet transplantation and associated measures of glycemic control during a 24-month follow-up period.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Ten patients with T1D disease duration of approximately 27 years were studied longitudinally before and 6 and 18 months after transplant in the Clinical & Translational Research Center of the University of Pennsylvania and were compared to 10 nondiabetic control subjects.

Intervention:
All 10 patients underwent intrahepatic islet transplantation according to the CIT07 protocol at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

Main Outcome Measures:
Counterregulatory hormone, endogenous glucose production, and autonomic symptom responses derived from stepped hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic and paired hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with infusion of 6,6-2H2-glucose.

Results:
Near-normal glycemia (HbA1c ≤ 6.5%; time 70–180 mg/dL ≥ 95%) was maintained for 24 months in all patients, with one returning to low-dose insulin therapy. In response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, glucagon secretion was incompletely restored at 6 and 18 months, epinephrine was improved at 6 months and normalized at 18 months, and endogenous glucose production and symptoms, absent before, were normalized at 6 and 18 months after transplant.

Conclusions:
In patients with T1D experiencing problematic hypoglycemia, intrahepatic islet transplantation can lead to long-term improvement of glucose counterregulation and hypoglycemia symptom recognition, physiological effects that likely contribute to glycemic stability after transplant.
A Follow-Up Study of the Prevalence of Valvular Heart Abnormalities in Hyperprolactinemic Patients Treated With Cabergoline
Authors: Drake William M. , Stiles Craig E. , Bevan John S. , Karavitaki Niki , Trainer Peter J. , Rees D. Aled , Richardson Tristan I. , Baldeweg Stephanie E. , Stojanovic Nemanja , Murray Robert D. , Toogood Andrew A. , Martin Niamh M. , Vaidya Bijay , Han Than S. , Steeds Rick P. ,   on behalf of the UK Cabergoline valvulopathy study group, Baldeweg F. C. , Sheikh U. E. , Kyriakakis N. , Parasuraman S.K. , Taylor L. , Butt N. , Anyiam S. 
Published: August 2016

Context:
Uncertainty exists whether the long-term use of ergot-derived dopamine agonist (DA) drugs for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia may be associated with clinically significant valvular heart disease and whether current regulatory authority guidelines for echocardiographic screening are clinically appropriate.

Objective:
Our objective was to provide follow-up echocardiographic data on a previously described cohort of patients treated with DA for lactotrope pituitary tumors and to explore possible associations between structural and functional valve abnormalities with the cumulative dose of drug used.

Design:
Follow-up echocardiographic data were collected from a proportion of our previously reported cohort of patients; all had received continuous DA therapy for at least 2 years in the intervening period. Studies were performed according to British Society of Echocardiography minimum standards for adult transthoracic echocardiography. Generalized estimating equations with backward selection were used to determine odds ratios of valvular heart abnormalities according to tertiles of cumulative cabergoline dose, using the lowest tertile as the reference group.

Setting:
Thirteen centers of secondary/tertiary endocrine care across the United Kingdom were included.

Results:
There were 192 patients (81 males; median age, 51 years; interquartile range [IQR], 42–62). Median (IQR) cumulative cabergoline doses at the first and second echocardiograms were 97 mg (20–377) and 232 mg (91–551), respectively. Median (IQR) duration of uninterrupted cabergoline therapy between echocardiograms was 34 months (24–42). No associations were observed between cumulative doses of dopamine agonist used and the age-corrected prevalence of any valvular abnormality.

Conclusion:
This large UK follow-up study does not support a clinically significant association between the use of DA for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and cardiac valvulopathy.
Dupin Cyclide and Second-Order Curves. Part 1
Authors: Сальков  , Sal'kov Nikolay 
Published: August 2016

Making smooth shapes of various products is caused
by the following requirements: aerodynamic, structural, aesthetic,
etc. That’s why the review of the topic of second-order curves is
included in many textbooks on descriptive geometry and engineering
graphics. These curves can be used as a transition from the one
line to another as the first and second order smoothness. Unfortunately,
in modern textbooks on engineering graphics the building of Konik
is not given. Despite the fact that all the second-order curves are banded by a single analytical equation, geometrically they unites
by the affiliation of the quadric, projective unites by the commonality
of their construction, in the academic literature for each of
these curves is offered its own individual plot. Considering the
patterns associated with Dupin cyclide, you can pay attention to
the following peculiarity: the center of the sphere that is in contact
circumferentially with Dupin cyclide, by changing the radius of the
sphere moves along the second-order curve. The circle of contact
of the sphere with Dupin cyclide is always located in a plane passing
through one of the two axes, and each of these planes intersects
cyclide by two circles. This property formed the basis of the graphical
constructions that are common to all second-order curves. In
addition, considered building has a connection with such transformation
as the dilation or the central similarity. This article considers
the methods of constructing of second-order curves, which are
the lines of centers tangent of the spheres, applies a systematic
approach.
Geometric Modeling in the Automated Designing of Architectural Objects
Authors: Ерцкина  , Ertskina Elena , Королькова  , Korolkova N. 
Published: August 2016

The article is devoted to overview of software used in
the automated designing of architectural objects. Particular attention
is paid to the features of modern software and the possibility
of their use in the design of constructions.
The technique of modern SAPR implementation in educational
process within studying of «Engineering Graphics» course is
considered by the example of AutoCAD graphic system for students
of construction specialties.
The selection of these CAD systems as the base for graphic
disciplines teaching is validated.
The architectural task consists in creation of one of two developed
ways of modeling. In the course of task performance students
solve the main geometrical objectives by definition of the form and
constructive and geometrical parameters of the objects and in
parallel master 3D modeling in AutoCAD or ArchiCAD packages.
It is proved that inclusion in educational process of the graphic task
developed taking into account a professional orientation trained,
increases its efficiency. The task performed during the first semester
promotes fixing and profound studying of fundamentals of
engineering graphics. It can be used when studying 3D computer
geometric modeling for students of the technical directions.
Geometric modeling in design of architectural objects, you can
create a model of the object based on the descriptions of the characteristics
of the object, geometry, proportion and relationships,
information membranes, implemented in an appropriate software
environment. It also allows you to increase the search of new architectural
forms, to perform the analysis of the spatial form of the
designed object and the projection to develop an architectural
model of the building. Based on this analysis the trend of engineering
and development of geometric modeling for the designing of
sites is showed.
The pattern of verbal, visuospatial and procedural learning in Richardson variant of progressive supranuclear palsy in comparison to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sitek Emilia , Wieczorek Dariusz , Konkel Agnieszka , Dąbrowska Magda , Sławek Jarosław 
Published: August 2016

Cel pracyPostępujące porażenie ponadjądrowe (PSP) jest klasyfikowane w ramach spectrum atypowych zespołów parkinsonowskich lub też zwyrodnienia czołowo-skroniowego. Praca miała na celu porównanie profili uczenia się materiału słownego, wzrokowo-przestrzennego oraz uczenia proceduralnego u pacjentów z PSP oraz u osób z chorobą Parkinsona (PD). Ponadto, przeanalizowano związek pomiędzy czynnikami wykonawczymi (inicjowaniem i hamowaniem) oraz wskaźnikami uczenia.MetodaW badaniu uczestniczyły 33 osoby z rozpoznaniem klinicznym wariantu Richardsona PSP (PSP-RS), 39 osób z PD and 29 osób kontrolnych dobranych pod względem wieku i wykształcenia. Zastosowano skalę Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), próby fluencji semantycznej i fonemicznej, test uczenia się materiału słownego (AVLT), test uczenia się materiału wzrokowo-przestrzennego DUM, test Tower of Toronto (ToT) and 2 próby uczenia się sekwencji ruchowych. Pacjenci z PSP-RS oraz z PD nie różnili się istotnie pod względem wyników MMSE.WynikiPacjenci z PSP-RS uzyskali niższe wyniki w teście DUM niż osoby z PD. Odtwarzanie odroczone w AVLT było natomiast lepsze w PSP-RS niż w PD. Uczenie się sekwencji ruchowych było na podobnym poziomie. Wyniki AVLT były dodatnio skorelowane z wynikami prób fluencji fonemicznej w PSP-RS oraz w PD. Wskaźnik przekroczeń zasad w ToT był ujemnie skorelowany z wynikami DUM w PSP-RS i w PD oraz z wynikami AVLT w PD.WnioskiGlobalne funkcjonowanie pamięci jest względnie podobne w PSP-RS oraz w PD. Czynniki wykonawcze (inicjowanie oraz hamowanie) są ściśle związane ze sprawnością pamięci w PSP-RS oraz w PD. Zaburzenia uczenia się materiału wzrokowo-przestrzennego w PSP-RS są prawdopodobnie związane z impulsywnością i trudnością z hamowaniem reakcji zautomatyzowanych.