bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATIVIDADES COTIDIANAS, DEPOSIÇÃO DE REFUGO E AÇÃO DO ARADO: PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO DO REGISTRO ARQUEOLÓGICO NO ESPAÇO DE UMA SENZALA DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES (RJ)
Authors: Suguimatsu Isabela Cristina , Symanski Luís Cláudio Pereira 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem por propósito apresentar os resultados do estudo dos processos de formação do registro arqueológico em um setor da senzala do Colégio dos Jesuítas de Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ). Esse espaço foi submetido à ação antrópica recente relacionada, sobretudo, à aragem para fins agrícolas. Nesse sentido, o propósito da pesquisa foi avaliar a ação do arado sobre o registro arqueológico considerando o seu impacto sobre a integridade das três principais categorias materiais que compuseram esse registro — ossos, louças e cerâmicas — em três níveis de ocupação e em dois contextos deposicionais distintos, um caracterizado pelo descarte primário e outro pelo descarte secundário. No caso do primeiro contexto, que foi um espaço de convívio cotidiano dos cativos adjacente à uma das unidades de habitação, o material foi fortemente impactado ainda no momento em que o registro arqueológico se formava e, muito posteriormente, pela ação do arado. No segundo contexto, que consistiu em uma concavidade aberta para a deposição de refugo, o material apresentou maior grau de integridade nos níveis mais profundos, porém, no nível mais superficial, o padrão de fragmentação apresentou-se similar ao evidenciado no primeiro contexto. As diferenças nos padrões de integridade do material, nesse sentido, demonstram que o registro arqueológico foi diferentemente impactado pelos processos de formação cultural.ABSTRACTThis article approaches the cultural formation processes that acted upon the archaeological record in the area of a slave quarter from the Colégio dos Jesuítas, a sugar plantation located in Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ). This space has been recently impacted by plowing for agricultural purposes. In this study, we evaluate the differential impact of plow over three material categories – bones, pottery and ceramics (refined earthenware and majólica). This evaluation considered three occupational levels and two distinct contexts, the first one characterized by primary discard and the second by secondary discard. In the first case, the material suffered a considerable impact still during the formation of the archaeological record, as the result of the constant use of the space for daily activities. The second context, in turn, consisted in a concavity used for refuse disposal. In this case the material presented a higher integrity level in the deeper levels, whereas in the upper levels the fragmentation patterns corresponded to those ones verified on the former context. The differences in the integrity patterns indicate that the archaeological record was differentially impacted by cultural formation processes.Keywords: Archaeology of slavery; material culture; formation processes.
Two‐Dimensional Segmented Regression Model for Aluminum and Manganese Toxicity and Their Interaction in Soybean
Authors: Shuai Xiufu 
Published: April 2016

The toxicity of Al and Mn frequently occurs together to limit crop growth in tropical acid soils. There is need to develop a quantitative mechanistic model to describe the toxicity of Al and Mn individually as well as their interaction. A two‐dimensional segmented regression model was developed to describe the plant's tolerance, linear response, and saturation effect of Al and Mn individually as a plateau‐linear‐plateau trend. The model also included the interaction between Al and Mn defined as the multiplication of their linear responses. Two published data sets to demonstrate the model were from a field liming experiment (soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield changed with soil extractable Al and Mn) and a solution culture experiment (soybean root and shoot growth changed with solution Al and Mn). Results showed that the model fitted well the two data sets. Soybean yield and growth in both experiments were reduced by individual Al and Mn. In the liming experiment, the interaction between Al and Mn was not significant. In the solution culture experiment, there were significant interactions in amelioration of toxicity to both root and shoot growth. Besides the estimates of tolerant levels and saturation levels of Al and Mn in solution, two other criteria derived from the mathematical model were critical levels at 90% relative yield and characteristic levels when soybean responded to Al only and Mn only. The model and the derived criteria can be used for optimal soil liming to reduce Al and Mn toxicity and accurate screening of Al‐ and Mn‐tolerant genotypes.

A new segmented regression model can quantify Al and Mn toxicity and interaction.
Al and Mn interaction based on the model was more accurate than conventional ANOVA.
Critical Al and Mn levels depended on each other as mathematical functions.
Soybean did not respond to Al in solution culture when Mn was 50.741 μmol L−1.
Use of Dehydrated Agar to Estimate Microbial Water Quality for Horticulture Irrigation
Authors: Meador Dustin P. , Fisher Paul R. , Guy Charles L. , Harmon Philip F. , Peres Natalia A. , Teplitski Max 
Published: April 2016

Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL−1 of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm‐AC) or fungus (Petrifilm‐YM), depending on substrate composition. Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated‐agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. The estimated count (in CFU mL−1) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm‐YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. In a separate experiment with a known species, Petrifilm‐YM did not successfully culture zoospores of Phytophthora cactorum. Isolates of viable P. cactorum zoospores were cultured successfully on potato‐dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP‐H). The quantification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Begoniaceae on Petrifilm‐AC was not significantly different (p < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. The current formulation of Petrifilm‐YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. However, Petrifilm‐AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy‐to‐use on‐farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density.Core Ideas
Dehydrated agar culture plates (Petrifilms) were evaluated for bacteria and oomycetes.
Colony counts were quantified in irrigation water and single species cultures.
Petrifilm plates did not successfully culture oomycetes.
However, the Petrifilm was an effective method to quantify density of bacteria.
Petrifilms provide an easy on‐farm tool to monitor irrigation water quality.
Chromium Release from a COPR‐Contaminated Soil at Varying Water Content and Redox Conditions
Authors: Matern Katrin , Mansfeldt Tim 
Published: April 2016

Many soils in the region of Kanpur, North India, are heavily affected by the leather industry and its upstream supplier sector, as indicated by elevated chromium (Cr) contents. Under reducing conditions—for instance, at water saturation after monsoon rain or flood irrigation—the dynamic and species distribution of Cr may be affected due to changes in redox potential (EH). In this study, the influence of EH on the speciation and release of Cr from a contaminated agricultural soil was investigated. A soil sample that was affected by hyperalkaline leachate from chromite ore processing residue, was taken and packed in soil columns, and subjected to a saturation–drainage–saturation cycle. After initial water saturation, the EH dropped slowly to minimum values of around ‒100 mV (calculated to pH 7), while EH was controlled by CrO42−/Cr2O3(s), or CrO42−/(Fe,Cr)OOH redox couples. Soil drainage resulted in a quick return to oxidizing conditions; i.e., EH > 300 mV. The Cr species distribution and release showed a clear trend with EH. At the beginning of the experiment, under oxidizing and weakly reducing conditions (EH range from >100 to 300 mV), Cr(VI) was released in particular. However, under moderately reducing conditions (EH range from 100 to –100 mV), Cr was gradually immobilized and irreversible sequestered via reductive precipitation. The results presented in this study provide an improved understanding of the mobility of Cr(VI) in contaminated soils at varying water contents, which is essential for the evaluation of environmental risks in this region.Core Ideas
Cr(VI) was highly mobile in the investigated soil.
High Cr(VI) concentration prevented the reduction of Mn and Fe.
Cr(VI) was mobilized under oxidizing soil conditions.
Cr was immobilized under moderately reducing soil conditions.
Long-term Variability in Glycemic Control Is Associated With White Matter Hyperintensities in APOE4 Genotype Carriers With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Livny Abigail , Ravona-Springer Ramit , Heymann Anthony , Priess Rachel , Kushnir Tammar , Tsarfaty Galia , Rabinov Leeron , Moran Reut , Hoffman Hadass , Cooper Itzik , Greenbaum Lior , Silverman Jeremy , Sano Mary , Johnson Sterling C. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Schnaider Beeri Michal 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
We assessed whether the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) genotype affects the relationship of variability in long-term glycemic control (measured by HbA1c SD of multiple measurements) with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
WMH volume was generated from structural T1 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI in each subject. The analysis included 124 subjects; 27 (21.8%) had one or more APOE4 alleles.

RESULTS
HbA1c variability was associated with significantly higher WMH in APOE4 carriers (r = 0.47, P = 0.03), controlling for age, sex, mean HbA1c, number of follow-up years, and a composite of cardiovascular risk factors, but not in noncarriers (r = −0.04, P = 0.71; P for interaction = 0.050).

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that the APOE4 genotype affects the relationship of long-term glycemic control with WMH load so that APOE4 carriers may be more vulnerable to the insults of poor control.
Follow-up issues in children with mild traumatic brain injuries
Authors: Kania Katarzyna , Shaikh Kashif Ajaz , White Ian Kainoa , Ackerman Laurie L. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Concerns about mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have increased in recent years, and neurosurgical consultation is often requested for patients with radiographic abnormalities or clinical findings suspicious for mTBI. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study has used the Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) tool to systematically evaluate the evolution of symptoms in patients with mTBI during neurosurgical follow-up. The goal in this study was to evaluate symptom progression in pediatric patients referred for neurosurgical consultation by using the ACE, as endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of records of consecutive pediatric patients who had presented to the emergency department, were diagnosed with possible mTBI, and were referred for neurosurgical consultation. Outpatient follow-up for these patients included serial assessment using the ACE. Data collected included the mechanisms of the patients' injuries, symptoms, follow-up duration, and premorbid conditions that might potentially contribute to protracted recovery.

RESULTS
Of 91 patients identified with mTBI, 58 met the inclusion criteria, and 33 of these had sufficient follow-up data to be included in the study. Mechanisms of injury included sports injury (15 patients), isolated falls (10), and motor vehicle collisions (8). Ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (mean age 11.6 years), and 29 of the 33 patients were male. Six patients had preinjury developmental and/or psychiatric diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Seventeen had negative findings on head CT scans. The first follow-up evaluation occurred at a mean of 30 days after injury. The mean number of symptoms reported on the ACE inventory at first follow-up were 3.2; 12 patients were symptom free. Patients with positive head CT findings required longer follow-up: these patients needed 14.59 weeks, versus 7.87 weeks of follow-up in patients with negative findings on head CT scans (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that patients with mTBI, particularly those with developmental and/or psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent cerebral or extracranial injury, often report symptoms for several weeks after their initial injury. Serial ACE assessment permits systematic identification of patients who are experiencing continued symptoms, leading to appropriate patient management and referral.
Suitability of carbon fiber–reinforced polyetheretherketone cages for use as anterior struts following corpectomy
Authors: Heary Robert F. , Parvathreddy Naresh K. , Qayumi Zainab S. , Ali Naiim S. , Agarwal Nitin 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Fibular allograft remains a widely used strut for corpectomy surgeries. The amount of graft material that can be packed into an allograft strut has not been quantified. Cages are an alternative to fibular allograft for fusion surgeries. The authors of this study assessed the suitability of carbon fiber–reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRP) cages for anterior corpectomy surgeries. They further explored the parameters known to affect fusion rates in clinical practice.

METHODS
Six fibular allografts were tested at standard lengths. Three sets of carbon fiber cages (Bengal, DePuy Spine), each with a different footprint size but the same lengths, were tested. The allografts and cages were wrapped in adhesive, fluid-tight transparent barriers and filled with oil. The volume and weight of the oil instilled as well as the implant footprints were measured. The fibular allografts and cages were tested at 20-, 40-, and 50-mm lengths. Two investigators independently performed all measurements 5 times. Five CFRP cubes (1 × 1 × 1 cm) were tested under pure compression, and load versus displacement curves were plotted to determine the modulus of elasticity.

RESULTS
Significantly more oil fit in the CFRP cages than in the fibular allografts (p < 0.0001). The weight and volume of oil was 4–6 times greater in the cages. Interobserver (r = 0.991) and intraobserver (r = 0.993) reliability was excellent. The modulus of elasticity for CFRP was 16.44 ± 2.07 GPa.

CONCLUSIONS
Carbon fiber–reinforced polyetheretherketone cages can accommodate much more graft material than can fibular allografts. In clinical practice, the ability to deliver greater amounts of graft material following a corpectomy may improve fusion rates.
The use of lumbar drains in preventing spinal cord injury following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Nickalus R. , Smalley Zachary , Nesvick Cody L. , Lee Siang Liao , Michael L. Madison 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Paraplegia and paraparesis following aortic aneurysm repair occur at a substantially high rate and are often catastrophic to patients, their families, and the overall health care system. Spinal cord injury (SCI) following open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair is reported to be as high as 20% in historical controls. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of CSF drainage (CSFD) on SCI following TAAA repair.

METHODS
In August 2015 a systematic literature search was performed using clinicaltrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus that identified 3478 articles. Of these articles, 10 met inclusion criteria. Random and fixed-effect meta-analyses were performed using both pooled and subset analyses based on study type.

RESULTS
The meta-analysis demonstrated that CSFD decreased SCI by nearly half (relative risk 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.70; p = 0.0009) in the pooled analysis. This effect remained in the subgroup analysis of early SCI but did not remain significant in late SCI.

CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis showed that CSFD could be an effective strategy in preventing SCI following aortic aneurysm repair. Care should be taken to prevent complications related to overdrainage. No firm conclusions can be drawn about the newer endovascular procedures at the current time.
Nouvelle approche du site badegoulien de la Grange Jobin à Saint-Nizier-sous-Charlieu (Loire)
Authors: Pasty Jean-François , Alix Philippe 
Published: April 2016

This work presents the results of the analysis of the lithic industry from a Badegoulian open air site located in the north of the Loire département.
The artefacts were found in several test excavations, carried out at the end of the 1970s. The lithic industry presents general characteristics known in most Badegoulian sites, in particular those in south-western France. The raw materials used are mainly local and exploited according to three distinct
chaînes opératoires (knapping of blades, bladelets and flakes). Allochthonous raw materials are especially used for the production of bladelets devoted to the preparation of backed bladelets. The main characteristics of the different types of knapping are comparable to those observed on other sites with in particular the unipolar production of blades made mainly with soft stone and a standardized production of short flakes used as blanks for raclettes.
Garder son équilibre : le grand défi de la perte
Authors: Heath Lis , Blondel Agnès 
Published: April 2016

Vivre une perte compte parmi les expériences psychologiques les plus difficiles à traverser. Cet article se penche sur la question suivante : pourquoi le processus de deuil menace-t-il parfois si profondément notre équilibre psychologique ? À l’aide de l’analyse transactionnelle et de l’œuvre de Wilma Bucci, l’auteure examine les manières de travailler avec une personne en deuil ainsi que l’utilité d’adopter un point de vue contemporain sur le travail du deuil. Elle traite aussi de la nature homéostatique du scénario dans la théorie de l’analyse transactionnelle. En intégrant la théorie de la complexité, elle montre que la stabilité est une fonction d’un système différencié quoique lié et souligne la valeur de la déstabilisation.
Évaluation et prise en charge des troubles visuels de l’ancien prématuré
Authors: Fazzi Elisa , Molinaro Anna , Micheletti Serena , Galli Jessica , Rossi Andrea 
Published: April 2016

Au cours des dernières années, un intérêt croissant s’est manifesté pour l’étude des conséquences des lésions cérébrales précoces. Les troubles visuels sont des séquelles fréquentes de naissance prématurée : ils peuvent être le résultat d’une atteinte périphérique (rétine ou nerf optique), mais peuvent aussi impliquer largement les voies visuelles à différents niveaux des structures cérébrales. Les troubles neurovisuels (causés par des atteintes ou des dysfonctionnements des voies visuelles rétrogéniculées) sont l’une des causes majeures de troubles visuels chez les prématurés. Cela découle à la fois de l’augmentation du taux de survie des enfants nés prématurés (qui sont potentiellement à risque de lésions cérébrales) et de l’amélioration de la capacité à diagnostiquer le déficit visuel, même à un âge très précoce, ce qui nous a permis de mieux cerner les situations cliniques complexes et/ou auparavant non identifiées. Les profils cliniques de troubles visuels sont très hétérogènes, selon le niveau auquel sont impliquées les voies visuelles et en raison de la neuroplasticité et des influences environnementales qui peuvent induire une réorganisation des fonctions visuelles en pleine maturation. Récemment, la recherche s’est centrée sur le déficit des capacités visuelles supérieures chez le prématuré, en lien avec les processus de traitement de la voie dorsale et de la voie ventrale. Ces troubles, désignés comme « troubles de la cognition visuelle », peuvent être associés à des troubles neurophtalmologiques ou constituer les principales expressions cliniques des troubles neurovisuels. L’existence de nombreux symptômes variés rend les dysfonctionnements visuels cognitifs difficiles à définir et à détecter, surtout quand un enfant présente des formes plus discrètes de déficience visuelle qui pourraient participer aux difficultés d’apprentissage et d’autonomie dans la vie quotidienne. Malgré cette hétérogénéité et cette variabilité, l’identification précoce d’un trouble neurovisuel est indispensable, car elle peut conduire à la mise en place de la prise en charge à un moment où le potentiel d’utilisation des processus de maturation, de plasticité et d’adaptation du système visuel est maximal. Il est évidemment essentiel que les professionnels qui entrent en contact avec ces enfants soient en mesure de reconnaître les signes d’appel.
Auteurs du livre affiliés à l’Agessa : dégradation des perspectives de revenus au fil des générations
Authors: Volat Gwendoline 
Published: April 2016

Depuis la fin des années 1970 et la création du régime social spécifique pour les auteurs de l’écrit, 11 800 auteurs ont été affiliés au moins une fois à l’Agessa, l’organisme de gestion qui leur est dédié. En 2013, ils sont 5 300 à être affiliés, soit 3,4 fois plus que trente ans plus tôt, un accroissement qui s’inscrit dans le mouvement général d’expansion des professions culturelles. Au sein des auteurs de l’écrit, on compte 47 % d’écrivains, 31 % d’illustrateurs et 22 % de traducteurs en 2013. Ce sont ces deux dernières catégories d’auteurs qui ont particulièrement augmenté depuis la fin des années 1990. Les femmes sont de plus en plus présentes et représentent désormais la moitié des auteurs. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, on entre dans le statut professionnel d’auteur de plus en plus tard et l’âge médian de première affiliation recule : il est de 39 ans en 2013 contre 34 ans en 1980. Pour autant, les durées d’affiliation s’allongent et passent de neuf ans pour la génération d’auteurs affiliés entre 1985 et 1989, à douze ans pour celle affiliée entre 1995 et 1999. La population des auteurs de l’écrit tend à vieillir sur trente ans, un phénomène qui touche toutes les catégories d’auteurs : plus de la moitié des auteurs affiliés ont plus de 45 ans en 2013, alors que les 18-29 ans forment 4% seulement de l’ensemble de cette population. Si le revenu d’auteur progresse au fil des années d’affiliation, pour atteindre en médiane 25 000 euros (avant impôts) après quinze ans d’affiliation, on observe que les perspectives de revenus se dégradent pour les auteurs affiliés depuis les années 2000. À durée d’affiliation égale, les générations plus jeunes d’auteurs déclarent des niveaux de revenus inférieurs à ceux de leurs aînés au même moment de leur carrière. En conséquence, les jeunes auteurs sont de plus en plus nombreux à ne pouvoir vivre que de la création et à cumuler différentes sources de revenus. Ces résultats pointent la nécessité d’une attention accrue pour la jeune création, afin de veiller au renouvellement de cette profession dans le contexte d’une dynamique économique défavorable.