bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation Profile in Liver Diseases: A Study of 300 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Kishore Sanjeev , Bhatia Gautam , Kaushik Sanjay , Bhatia Umesh 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Background
The liver is the cornerstone of the coagulation system. The physiology of blood coagulation is closely linked to liver function as the liver synthesizes most of the factors of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic proteins.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate coagulation abnormalities associated with chronic liver diseases and determine the coagulation abnormalities using various coagulation studies [prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT), and platelet count].

Materials and methods
This study included 300 patients clinically diagnosed with liver disease and who were divided into three categories – cirrhosis, hepatitis, and other liver diseases. The coagulation tests PT, APTT, BT, CT, and platelet count were performed and the results were evaluated in groups.

Results
Out of the 300 patients, 156 were diagnosed with cirrhosis, 75 were of viral hepatitis, and 69 were of other liver diseases. About 62% (186/300) had prolonged PT. About 39.3% (118/300) had prolonged APTT. The BT was prolonged in 34% (102/300), while CT was prolonged in 10.6% (32/300). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 46% (138/300) patients.

Conclusion
We concluded that various abnormalities of coagulation tests vary greatly with different liver disorders, duration of the disorders, and their severity. Prolongation of PT and APTT in advancing liver cirrhosis indicates damage to the liver parenchyma resulting in decreased production of coagulation proteins with increased risk of bleeding tendencies, which can be detected before these ensue.

How to cite this article
Bhatia G, Kaushik S, Kumar R, Kishore S, Bhatia U. Coagulation Profile in Liver Diseases: A Study of 300 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand, India. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):61-64.
A Clinical Comparative Study of Ondansetron, Palonosetron, Ramosetron, and Metoclopramide for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic and ENT Surgery under General Anesthesia
Authors: Krishan Gopal , Hanjura Siddhartha , Agrawal Anil P , Vinay Vartika , Verma AP , Ahmad Reehan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a well-known entity following surgical procedures and may result in serious complications including aspiration of gastric contents, prolonged recovery period, and impaired surgical wound healing. Laparoscopic surgery is a known risk factor for PONV. Also, the incidence of vomiting after ear nose throat (ENT) surgeries is relatively high.Aims and ObjectivesOur aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of ondansetron, palonosetron, ramosetron, and metoclopramide to prevent PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic and ENT surgery under general anesthesia.Materials and methodsThe present study was conducted on 120 adult patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic chole­cystectomy and ENT surgery under general anesthesia. All patients were randomized into four groups (O, P, R, and M) with 30 patients each and received injection ondansetron (4 mg), palonosetron (0.075 mg), ramosetron (0.3 mg), and metoclopramide (10 mg) intravenously during premedication. Patients were observed intraoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively for any episodes of nausea and vomiting. All the patients were observed for side effects, such as dizziness, headache, allergic reactions, etc.ConclusionPalonosetron is quite effective in prevention of PONV compared with ramosetron, ondansetron, and metoclopramide given intravenously for various surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Its effectiveness in PONV provides a new cost-effective agent to the present recital of antiemetic drugs.How to cite this articleVinay V, Agrawal AP, Verma AP, Krishan G, Ahmad R, Hanjura S. A Clinical Comparative Study of Ondansetron, Palonosetron, Ramosetron, and Metoclopramide for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic and ENT Surgery under General Anesthesia. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):65-69.
Shift of subtropical transport barriers explains observed hemispheric asymmetry of decadal trends of age of air
Authors: Stiller Gabriele P. , Fierli Federico , Ploeger Felix , Cagnazzo Chiara , Funke Bernd , Haenel Florian J. , Reddmann Thomas , Riese Martin , von Clarmann Thomas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In response to global warming, the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the stratosphere is expected to accelerate and the mean transport time of air along this circulation to decrease. This would imply a negative stratospheric age of air trend, i.e. an air parcel would need less time to travel from the tropopause to any point in the stratosphere. Age of air as inferred from tracer observations, however, shows zero to positive trends in the northern mid-latitude stratosphere and zonally asymmetric patterns. Using satellite observations and model calculations we show that the observed latitudinal and vertical patterns of the decadal changes of age of air in the lower to middle stratosphere during the period 2002–2012 are predominantly caused by a southward shift of the circulation pattern by about 5°. After correction for this shift, the observations reveal a hemispherically almost symmetric decrease of age of air in the lower to middle stratosphere up to 800 K of up to −0.25 years over the 2002–2012 period with strongest decrease in the northern tropics. This net change is consistent with long-term trends from model predictions.
Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Authors: Visioni Daniele , Pitari Giovanni , Aquila Valentina , Tilmes Simone , Cionni Irene , Di Genova Glauco , Mancini Eva 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering (SG), made by sustained injection of SO2 in the tropical lower stratosphere, may impact the CH4 abundance through several photochemical mechanisms affecting tropospheric OH and hence the methane lifetime. (a) The reflection of incoming solar radiation increases the planetary albedo and cools the surface, with a tropospheric H2O decrease. (b) The tropospheric UV budget is upset by the additional aerosol scattering and stratospheric ozone changes: the net effect is meridionally not uniform, with a net decrease in the tropics, thus producing less tropospheric O(1D). (c) The extratropical downwelling motion from the lower stratosphere tends to increase the sulfate aerosol surface area density available for heterogeneous chemical reactions in the mid-to-upper troposphere, thus reducing the amount of NOx and O3 production. (d) The tropical lower stratosphere is warmed by solar and planetary radiation absorption by the aerosols. The heating rate perturbation is highly latitude dependent, producing a stronger meridional component of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The net effect on tropospheric OH due to the enhanced stratosphere–troposphere exchange may be positive or negative depending on the net result of different superimposed species perturbations (CH4, NOy, O3, SO4) in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In addition, the atmospheric stabilization resulting from the tropospheric cooling and lower stratospheric warming favors an additional decrease of the UTLS extratropical CH4 by lowering the horizontal eddy mixing. Two climate–chemistry coupled models are used to explore the above radiative, chemical and dynamical mechanisms affecting CH4 transport and lifetime (ULAQ-CCM and GEOSCCM). The CH4 lifetime may become significantly longer (by approximately 16 %) with a sustained injection of 8 Tg-SO2 yr−1 starting in the year 2020, which implies an increase of tropospheric CH4 (200 ppbv) and a positive indirect radiative forcing of sulfate geoengineering due to CH4 changes (+0.10 W m−2 in the 2040–2049 decade and +0.15 W m−2 in the 2060–2069 decade).
Simulation Precision and the Human Factor
Authors: Klüss Joni , Bichik Andrii , Arshad Ammar , Strandberg Jan , Kazmi Syed , Laiho Mika , Stark Toumas , Panchal Jay , Ahmad Bilal , Väkeväinen Kenneth 
Published: September 2017

Computer simulations are a powerful tool to support the design and development of electrical components and equipment. However, simulations are configured by a user, thus inevitably incorporating the human factor and potentially leading to divergence in results. To assess this degree of variance and thus the role of the user, 10 participants were asked to simulate the same medium voltage porcelain pin insulator using FEM software. Boundary conditions and materials were fixed. However, participants were able to define the geometry and details of the pin insulator by any means at their disposal. The varying skills of the participants resulted in geometries ranging from highly detailed complex models to rougher approximations. A CAD model provided by the pin insulator manufacturer is used as a reference. To quantify the extent of divergence, electric field intensity values in selected critical areas of the geometry are compared. This study presents the influence of the human factor and investigates the requirements for reliable simulation, i.e., how detailed does a model have to be to produce reliable information. The findings of this study can be used to save time and focus efforts on pertinent aspects in simulations.
Temperature and Field Dependence of Field Grading Tubes for Medium Voltage XLPE Cable Joints
Authors: Mauseth Frank , Enoksen Henrik , Hvidsten Sverre 
Published: September 2017

In Norway it has been observed that many medium voltage (12 and 24 kV) cable sections with heat shrink joints have suffered from overheating often causing failure during service. The overheating is due to a bad metallic connection between the aluminium conductors in the joint. This is especially observed for XLPE cables installed in the 80’s, which constitutes a significant part of the installed cables in the network.This paper is part of a work to elucidate the mechanisms causing a low insulation resistance of MV cable joints. As a bad metallic connection can result in local high temperatures during normal operation, the properties of a heat shrink stress control tubes commonly used in such joints has been characterized at temperatures around the melting peak of the material that is just above the maximum service temperature of 90 °C for XLPE cables. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of these temperatures on the electrical properties of the field grading material. Here, the electrical properties have been characterized by time domain dielectric response measurements at different temperatures and axial electrical fields. The results show that the conductivity of the stress control tube is temperature dependent. Also, a polarity change in the depolarization current at higher electrical field strengths was observed.
Lange termijn waardecreatie van de beursvennootschap en de daaraan verbonden onderneming, het bestendige succes van de (dochter)onderneming en het begrip ‘vennootschappelijk belang’: harmonie of disharmonie?
Authors: Mendel M.M. , Oostwouder W.J. 
Published: September 2017

Lange termijn waardecreatie van de beursvennootschap en de daaraan verbonden onderneming, het bestendige succes van de (dochter)onderneming en het begrip ‘vennootschappelijk belang’: harmonie of disharmonie?
In de Cancun-beschikkingen uit 2014 heeft de Hoge Raad het begrip ‘het bestendige succes’ van de onderneming geïntroduceerd. De auteurs beantwoorden de vraag hoe dit begrip zich verhoudt tot (1) de rechtsregel uit de ABN AMRO- en ASMI-beschikkingen dat het bestuur van een nv of bv het eigen belang van de vennootschap en de daaraan verbonden onderneming voorop behoort te stellen, en (2) (bij een concernvennootschap) het concernbelang. Vervolgens geven zij aan hoe ‘het bestendige succes’ van de onderneming zich verhoudt tot de ‘lange termijn waardecreatie van de vennootschap en de met haar verbonden onderneming’ uit de Nederlandse Corporate Governance Code 2016.
Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on the Survival of Rabbit Ear Composite Grafts
Authors: Kim Chae Min , Oh Joo Hyun , Jeon Yeo Reum , Kang Eun Hye , Lew Dae Hyun 
Published: September 2017

Background Composite grafts are frequently used for facial reconstruction. However, the unpredictability of the results and difficulties with large defects are disadvantages. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) express several cytokines, and increase the survival of random flaps and fat grafts owing to their angiogenic potential.Methods This study investigated composite graft survival after ADSC injection. Circular chondrocutaneous composite tissues, 2 cm in diameter, from 15 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Thirty ears were randomly divided into 3 groups. In the experimental groups (1 and 2), ADSCs were subcutaneously injected 7 days and immediately before the operation, respectively. Similarly, phosphate-buffered saline was injected in the control group just before surgery in the same manner as in group 2. In all groups, chondrocutaneous composite tissue was elevated, rotated 90 degrees, and repaired in its original position. Skin flow was assessed using laser Doppler 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after surgery. At 1 and 12 days after surgery, the viable area was assessed using digital photography; the rabbits were euthanized, and immunohistochemical staining for CD31 was performed to assess neovascularization.Results The survival of composite grafts increased significantly with the injection of ADSCs (P<0.05). ADSC injection significantly improved neovascularization based on anti-CD31 immunohistochemical analysis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression (P<0.05) in both group 1 and group 2 compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences in graft survival, anti-CD31 neovascularization, or microcirculation were found between groups 1 and 2.Conclusions Treatment with ADSCs improved the composite graft survival, as confirmed by the survival area and histological evaluation. The differences according to the injection timing were not significant.
Prognostic Factors of Orbital Fractures with Muscle Incarceration
Authors: Lee Seung Chan , Park Seung-Ha , Han Seung-Kyu , Yoon Eul-Sik , Dhong Eun-Sang , Jung Sung-Ho , You Hi-Jin , Kim Deok-Woo 
Published: September 2017

Background Among the various signs and symptoms of orbital fractures, certain clinical findings warrant immediate surgical exploration, including gaze restriction, computed tomographic (CT) evidence of entrapment, and prolonged oculocardiac reflex. Despite proper surgical reconstruction, prolonged complications such as diplopia and gaze restriction can occur. This article evaluated the prognostic factors associated with prolonged complications of orbital fractures with muscle incarceration.
Methods The medical records of 37 patients (37 orbits) with an orbital fracture with muscle incarceration from January 2001 to January 2015 were reviewed. The presence of Incarcerated muscle was confirmed via CT, as well as by intraoperative findings. Various factors potentially contributing to complications lasting for over 1 year after the injury were categorized and analyzed, including age, cause of injury, injury-to-operation time, operative time, fracture type, nausea, vomiting and other concomitant symptoms and injuries.
Results All patients who presented with extraocular muscle limitations, positive CT findings, and/or a positive forced duction test underwent surgery. Of the 37 patients, 9 (24%) exhibited lasting complications, such as diplopia and gaze restriction. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 months (range, 1–108 months), while that of patients who experienced prolonged complications was 30.1 months (range, 13–36 months). Two factors were significantly associated with prolonged complications: injury-to-operation time and nausea/vomiting. Loss of vision, worsening of motility, and implant complication did not occur.
Conclusions Patients who present with gaze limitations, with or without other signs of a blow-out fracture, require a thorough evaluation and emergent surgery. A better prognosis is expected with a shorter injury-to-operation time and lack of nausea and vomiting at the initial presentation.
Managing Complications in Abdominoplasty: A Literature Review
Authors: Vidal Pedro , Berner Juan Enrique , Will Patrick A. 
Published: September 2017

Background Abdominoplasty, with or without liposuction, is among the most frequently performed aesthetic procedures. Its main objective is to improve the body contour by means of excising redundant skin and fat tissue. Although abdominoplasty is considered a safe procedure with high satisfaction rates, intraoperative and postoperative complications can become a challenge for the surgical team. The aim of this article is to offer a synopsis of the most common complications arising after abdominoplasty, along with evidence-based guidelines about how to prevent and treat them.
Methods A systematic MEDLINE search strategy was designed using appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, and references were scanned for further relevant articles.
Results According to the published case series, local complications are considerably more common than complications with systemic repercussions. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients suffer a local complication following abdominoplasty, while fewer than 1% suffer a systemic complication. Prevention and management strategies are critically discussed for complications including seroma, haematoma, infection, skin necrosis, suture extrusions, hypertrophic scars, neurological symptoms, umbilical anomalies, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory distress, and death.
Conclusions The complications of abdominoplasty vary in severity and in the impact they have on the aesthetic outcomes. Recommendations for prevention and management are based on various levels of evidence, with a risk of observer bias. However, most complications can be treated appropriately following the current standards, with satisfactory results.
Light Stable Isotopic Compositions of Enriched Mantle Sources: Resolving the Dehydration Paradox
Authors: Dixon J. E. , Bindeman I. N. , Kingsley R. H. , Simons K. K. , Le Roux P. J. , Hajewski T. R. , Swart P. , Langmuir C. H. , Ryan J. G. , Walowski K. J. , Wada I. , Wallace P. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVolatile and stable isotope data provide tests of mantle processes that give rise to mantle heterogeneity. New data on enriched mid‐oceanic ridge basalts (MORB) show a diversity of enriched components. Pacific PREMA‐type basalts (H2O/Ce = 215 ± 30, δDSMOW = −45 ± 5 ‰) are similar to those in the northern Atlantic (H2O/Ce = 220 ± 30; δDSMOW = −30 to −40 ‰). Basalts with EM‐type signatures have regionally variable volatile compositions. Northern Atlantic EM‐type basalts are wetter (H2O/Ce = 330 ± 30) and have isotopically heavier hydrogen (δDSMOW = −57 ± 5 ‰) than northern Atlantic MORB. Southern Atlantic EM‐type basalts are damp (H2O/Ce = 120 ± 10) with intermediate δDSMOW (−68 ± 2 ‰), similar to δDSMOW for Pacific MORB. Northern Pacific EM‐type basalts are dry (H2O/Ce = 110 ± 20) and isotopically light (δDSMOW = −94 ± 3 ‰). A multistage metasomatic and melting model accounts for the origin of the enriched components by extending the subduction factory concept down through the mantle transition zone, with slab temperature a key variable. Volatiles and their stable isotopes are decoupled from lithophile elements, reflecting primary dehydration of the slab followed by secondary rehydration, infiltration, and re‐equilibration by fluids derived from dehydrating subcrustal hydrous phases (e.g., antigorite) in cooler, deeper parts of the slab. Enriched mantle sources form by addition of <1% carbonated eclogite ± sediment‐derived C‐O‐H‐Cl fluids to depleted mantle at 180–280 km (EM) or within the transition zone (PREMA).
Strong SH‐to‐Love Wave Scattering off the Southern California Continental Borderland
Authors: Yu Chunquan , Zhan Zhongwen , Hauksson Egill , Cochran Elizabeth S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeismic scattering is commonly observed and results from wave propagation in heterogeneous medium. Yet deterministic characterization of scatterers associated with lateral heterogeneities remains challenging. In this study, we analyze broadband waveforms recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network and observe strongly scattered Love waves following the arrival of teleseismic SH wave. These scattered Love waves travel approximately in the same (azimuthal) direction as the incident SH wave at a dominant period of ~10 s but at an apparent velocity of ~3.6 km/s as compared to the ~11 km/s for the SH wave. Back projection suggests that this strong scattering is associated with pronounced bathymetric relief in the Southern California Continental Borderland, in particular the Patton Escarpment. Finite‐difference simulations using a simplified 2‐D bathymetric and crustal model are able to predict the arrival times and amplitudes of major scatterers. The modeling suggests a relatively low shear wave velocity in the Continental Borderland.
Global Ocean Vertical Velocity From a Dynamically Consistent Ocean State Estimate
Authors: Liang Xinfeng , Spall Michael , Wunsch Carl 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEstimates of the global ocean vertical velocities (Eulerian, eddy‐induced, and residual) from a dynamically consistent and data‐constrained ocean state estimate are presented and analyzed. Conventional patterns of vertical velocity, Ekman pumping, appear in the upper ocean, with topographic dominance at depth. Intense and vertically coherent upwelling and downwelling occur in the Southern Ocean, which are likely due to the interaction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and large‐scale topographic features and are generally canceled out in the conventional zonally averaged results. These “elevators” at high latitudes connect the upper to the deep and abyssal oceans and working together with isopycnal mixing are likely a mechanism, in addition to the formation of deep and abyssal waters, for fast responses of the deep and abyssal oceans to the changing climate. Also, Eulerian and parameterized eddy‐induced components are of opposite signs in numerous regions around the global ocean, particularly in the ocean interior away from surface and bottom. Nevertheless, residual vertical velocity is primarily determined by the Eulerian component, and related to winds and large‐scale topographic features. The current estimates of vertical velocities can serve as a useful reference for investigating the vertical exchange of ocean properties and tracers, and its complex spatial structure ultimately permits regional tests of basic oceanographic concepts such as Sverdrup balance and coastal upwelling/downwelling.