bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups of chicken meat proteins after dietary modulation with selenium
Authors: Korzeniowska Małgorzata , Króliczewska Bożena , Kopeć Wiesław 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of selenium modulation on the alteration of carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups in proteins in chicken breast and leg meat. Selenium, in the form of sodium selenite and selenized yeast, was applied to broiler chicken at 0.26, 0.38 and 0.50 mg Se kg-1. The alteration of protein carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups, as well as total antioxidative potential of breast and leg meat were analyzed in fresh, chilled and frozen material. Protein reactive groups were effectively protected against oxidatively induced changes (carbonyl groups formation) by dietary selenium supplementation, during frozen storage of both types of chicken muscles, either with white fibre domination (breast) or with red fibre domination (leg). The inorganic form of selenium was effective in decreasing the loss of protein sulfhydryl groups in muscles with red fibre domination during frozen storage. In conclusion, selenium compounds can be used in broiler nutrition as a protein antioxidizing agent, especially in perspective of the long storage of meat under freezing conditions.
Differentiation of black, green, herbal and fruit bagged teas based on multi-element analysis using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Authors: Veljković Jovana N. , Pavlović Aleksandra N. , Brcanović Jelena M. , Mitić Snežana S. , Tošić Snežana B. , Pecev-Marinković Emilija T. , Mitić Milan N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the present paper, multi-element characterisation of 26 bagged teas was carried out using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Na, K, Ca and Mg were the metals with major contents. Among the essential elements, Fe and Zn were the most abundant, followed by Se, Cu, Mo and Cr. The tea bag samples also contained significant contents of Mn and Al. The chemometric techniques of linear correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used for differentiation of the tea bag samples according to their metal content. The samples analysed were classified into four groups by PCA and CA. The first group includes hibiscus, nettle, mint, rtanj tea, thyme, bearberry and sage. Green and black teas are in the second group. The third group contains strawberry, lime, pineapple, pomegranate, elder, blueberry, milfoil, apricot and chamomile. Exotic fruits, sweet cherry, forest fruits, apple, St John’s wort, rose hips, cherry and raspberry are in the fourth group.
Power consumption and gas–liquid dispersion in turbulently agitated vessels with vertical dual-array tubular coil baffles
Authors: Wan Xun , Takahata Yasuyuki , Takahashi Koji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this work vertical dual-array tubular coil baffles arranged in groups of four, six or eight were investigated and the results compared with those from four planar baffles. The baffle coefficients for a single phase, along with the power consumption and gas hold-up in the gas–liquid phase of a system with the various baffle configurations for single and triple Rushton turbines are presented. Measurements were carried out using a dish-bottom vessel with an inner diameter of 0.29 m. Two ambient-temperature media were used as the liquid phase, namely, tap water and a 0.5 M Na
Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide as extractant for Rh(III), Ru(III) and Pt(IV) from chloride solutions‡
Authors: Rzelewska Martyna , Baczyńska Monika , Regel-Rosocka Magdalena , Wiśniewski Maciej 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRuthenium, rhodium and platinum are the most expensive of noble metals. As their natural sources are limited, it is important to develop an effective process for recovering Rh, Ru and Pt from waste sources. Their main suppliers are the following industries: chemical (spent catalysts), automotive, jewellery, dental and petrochemical. This paper presents studies on the extraction of Rh(III), Ru(III) and Pt(IV) from model aqueous chloride solutions using trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide (Cyphos IL 102). The effects of different parameters such as the influence of shaking time, HCl and NaCl concentrations in the feed solutions and also Cyphos IL 102 concentration in the organic phase, on the extraction of these metal ions were investigated. Additionally, the effect of the ageing of Rh(III) and Ru(III) chloride solutions on the extraction of these metal ions was studied.
The Christian Democratic Youth of Slovakia: Christian Legacy, Post-Socialist Memory and the Present Spirit of Capitalism
Authors: Karásek Matej , Kollárová Ľubica 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The subject of this case study is the youth political organisation Christian Democratic Youth of Slovakia (KDMS). The first parts of this paper are dedicated to history and the structure of organisation. Latter parts discuss the influence of historical memory on creating the collective discourses of KDMS and its civic engagements, ambitions and activities. The purpose of the paper is also to evaluate the role of religion and secularisation in KDMS agenda and also to discuss the ways how the ´christian heritage´ becames the source for arguments in political debates and opossitely how the christianity could be interpreted in the light of conservative and right oriented socio-economic and political worldview.
Youth Eco Activism in Slovakia: Case of Wolf – Forest Protection Movement
Authors: Hlúšek Radoslav 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The study deals with the activism of young Slovak people on the field of ecology and conservation of Slovak nature. As an example of this kind of activism Wolf - Forest Protection Movement was selected because it is the most active and most successful environmental organization in Slovakia. The main objective of this case study is to describe and analyse organisational structure and activities of Wolf on the background of wider general and theoretical framework what enables to classify this organisation in wide spectrum of youth activism, especially youth environmental activism in Slovakia. Apart from theoretical approach, organisational structure and broad range of activities of Wolf the study presents also political and civic attitudes of its young members, financing of the organisation and attractiveness of Wolf to young people in Slovakia.
Pedagogical Intervention: The Place and the Influence of Contemporary Animated Movies on Pedagogical Process
Authors: Skawina Ireneusz , Markiewicz Elżbieta , Szczepaniak Sylwia 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Nowadays, the most expansive factor which determines the various aspects of human life are social communicators. Among them there is a consistent dominance of television for decades. This social mean of messaging, being a common utility good has changed its status, in recent times. It seems that from the electronic device intended for remote receiving the moving images, it became an inalienable part of the family - often its binder. What’s more, a new feature that TV performs, fully enables parents to entrust essential pedagogical - educational process of youngest members of the family. This means, more than once, many hours of child’s mindless contact with animation movies. At that time, uncontrolled by the parents and guardians, contents of animation are received and assimilated by the child (unconditionally-E. M.) influencing the evolution or changes in the personality, attitudes, and behaviors. The phenomena that occur in the sphere of child’s personality under the influence of the assimilation of media content, just encompass the educational scope. This means that childhood is the most important period of human development and an essential part of pedagogical and educational process where our personality and character, our attitudes and behavior and action are shaped. Hence, pedagogical intervention becomes necessary to contemporary content of animation,which is easy to receiveon the one hand promotes hedonistic behaviour patterns and mass culture, on the other “(...) does not provoke to work on yourself, (...), rather adulate the recipient, confirming him to the belief that he/she has the right to do what he/she wants” [Bobrowska 1999, pp. 67-73].
Comparing Selected Levels of Communication Between Fiancée, Fiancé and Spouses
Authors: Lulek Barbara 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A man, coming to the world in a family community, reaches maturity and in most cases sets a family of his own. Traditional transition from the family of origin to family of procreation combines with engagement followed by marriage as a family subsystem. These periods characterize with high dynamics of changes taking place within the marital subsystem. Bride and groom, and later married couple face the need to discuss family matters, negotiate marital roles, develop compliance and their identity, regulate marriage intimacy, solve conflicts, as well as, run their household. Undoubtedly, planning and organizing life requires developed communication skills. The author, guided by these premises, has sought to present some aspects of communication for engaged couples and spouses with many years of experience. Isolated groups were not accidental. Main reason was the ability to analyze the results in terms of convergence and divergence of views and assessments shown by brides and married couples at different stages of marriage - family life. Therefore, structure of this text was built by the following variables’ categories: frequency of conversations in the family and their themes, communication barriers between spouses and fiancés, ways of improving the flow of information between partners.
The Large Family in Contemporary Conditions
Authors: Wawro Franciszka Wanda 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the Polish cultural ethos, the family as a value seems to have an established high position. It is also confirmed by current numerous studies focused mainly on the young generation, which show that for young people the family constitutes a value of the highest priority. It could be presumed, therefore, that the present socio-cultural climate is favourable for the family and enables it to perform its various functions, including the care and cultural function. It also concerns the large family, which in the Polish tradition used to be considered as a beneficial educational environment, or even a kind of a social force. However, in the modern society, which in its definition seems to be a declaration of high quality standards, mainly in terms of developmental chances of all its subjects, the large family has found itself in a specifically difficult situation. The reason behind it is, above all, the fact that having a large number of children is socially ostracized in various ways. If the value of the large family is not only not appreciated socially, but even discredited, then the consequences of such a state of affairs will become apparent in numerous spheres of social life. Most often, it is reflected in the basic decisions in the area of social policy, unfavourable towards large families. For such families it might imply the necessity of engaging in even an extreme struggle for survival in the sphere of everyday existence; even more so when it comes to decent conditions of performing its tasks and its socio-cultural role. Therefore, it is essential to define and refer to the arguments coding in the social consciousness the fact that the large family in the Polish cultural ethos occupied a high position not only in the past, but it still constitutes a significant value which deserves recognition and support.
Distance Education in Poland, the Integrity of a student, the Pupil and Material Situation at Schools
Authors: Frankiewicz Ewa , Kucha Ryszard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The text is raising the question of teaching by Internet, which reached peculiar scale in Poland, without any deeply reflexion about positive and negative effects of its using. In the article authors emphasize difficulties connected with using remote control - education, beginning from through lack of competences of average teacher in the scope of preparing e - learning materials, through dishonesty and impunity of students/pupils, closing on the difficulties connected with financial base (rather lack financial base) in the most educational institutions.
Negative Aspects of Nonrealization of Motherhood – Opinions and Sentiments of Childless Women
Authors: Ruszkiewicz Dorota 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The issues presented in this publication are situated within the framework of qualitative research. The research concerns negative aspects stemming from not experiencing motherhood present in the narrative of women aged 35-42 years old. The aim of the research is identifying the disadvantages of childlessness as perceived by mature women. The research was performed on 38 women. The criterion of the research sample selection, apart from age, was being unmarried (a woman’s marital status was “unmarried”, “divorced” or “widow”; women in cohabitational relationships were not excluded) and childless.
The surveyed women were therefore asked the question: Do you notice some losses resulting from not functioning in the role of a mother? On the basis of central topics, i.e. topics that prevailed in the interviews, 5 response categories were determined: discrimination in the workplace, social stigma, discrimination in public space, not following the road leading to happiness and fulfilment, and loneliness in old age.
The contemporary Education to the Old Age in the Context of Relations with Environment, Family and Society
Authors: Markiewicz Elżbieta , Skawina Ireneusz , Błaszczyk Jan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The contemporary education to the old age in the context of relations with the environment, the family and society constitutes the need, due to fully relevant conditions of the changing nature of reality, to open up to the problems connected with old age - their implied connotations and social consequences. That is, on one side, an attempt to more precisely define the functioning of the system of the elderly in the family and an indication of the role of the contemporary system of family and social support in relation to the living conditions and opportunities for seniors. On the other, it is an effort to underline the subject of organizing leisure activities for older people and highlighting the role of various institutions, organizations and Universities of the Third Age in the lives of these people. This bipolarity in an compact attempt to present the subject seems, in the opinion of its author, to be consistent with a contained reflection on the quality of life for seniors. Therefore, the importance of belonging to a group has been emphasized, the need for self-development and the objectives which the elder individual set itself. As a consequence of the problematic subject consistency, the effort was undertaken to present the psychological aspect of the relations with the environment and its impact on the life satisfaction of older people.
Flower development and senescence in Narcissus tazetta ‘Kashmir Local’
Authors: Gul Fahima , Tahir Inayatullah , Shahri Waseem 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Flower development and senescence was studied in Narcissus tazetta ‘Kashmir Local’. Flower development was divided into six stages (I-VI), from the tight bud stage to the senescent stage. Flower fresh and dry weight increased as the flowers progressed from bud to bloom and then declined during senescence. Membrane permeability of tepal tissues increased as the flower progressed through various stages. The content of sugars (reducing and total) increased during flower development and declined thereafter during senescence. The α-amino acid content registered an increase during flower development with a concomitant decrease in soluble protein content. The SDS-PAGE of protein extracts from tepal tissues revealed a general decrease in the expression of some high molecular weight proteins and an increase in low molecular weight proteins during flower development and senescence. It may be suggested that the flower senescence of N. tazetta may be linked to the protein turnover and sugar status of the perianth tissues and that these newly synthesized proteins may be involved in proteolysis. At this stage, it is not known whether these polypeptides play an important role in senescence but revealing the nature of these proteins can provide new insights into the pathways executing senescence in this flower system.
Abattoir survey on extra-cerebral coenurosis in goats
Authors: Schuster R. K. , Sivakumar S. , Wieckowsky T. , Reiczigel J. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Out of 19,046 goats aged between 5 and 6 month and slaughtered at an abattoir in Dubai between September 2012 and March 2014, 57 carcasses were objected at meat inspection due to the presence of bladder worms of the coenurus type. The majority showed single cysts that were cut out but 10 carcasses had to be discharged due to the presence of multiple cysts and with a maximum number of 41 coenuri. In the majority of carcasses, cysts were located in the legs (n=45) followed by abdominal muscles (n=16), diaphragm (n=14) and shoulder (n=13). Loin, rack, renal fat, heart, neck, masseter were other cyst locations. The size of the detected parasitic cysts ranged from 0.7 ml to 90 ml. The maximum number of 1,102 scolices was counted in an 86 ml coenurus found in the leg of a goat. Cysticercus tenuicollis was another cestode larval stage found in livers of 302 goats. A mixed infection with both parasites was detected in 35 carcasses.
Impact of photocatalysis on carotenoic acid dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Jöhr Res , Zajac Lukasz , Günzburger Gino , Hug Hubert , Such Bartosz , Szymonski Marek , Meyer Ernst , Glatzel Thilo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSensitized mesoporous titania is of increasing interest for catalysis and photovoltaic devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). For photovoltaic applications, the catalytic properties of TiO2 can cause degradation of the dyes during device fabrication. This is especially the case if natural sensitizers are used. We addressed this issue by fabrication of carotenoic acid sensitized solar cells under inert and ambient assembly conditions. The DSCs were investigated by currentvoltage and quantum efficiency measurements. Further characterization of the cells was made using impedance spectroscopy. The conversion efficiency of the DSCs prepared under inert conditions improved by at least 25% and the devices showed an enhanced reproducibility. The improvement of the DSCs correlated with the conversion efficiency of the sensitizers under inert conditions. We conclude that the photocatalytic bleaching depends on the electron injection efficiency of the sensitizer. Hence carotenoic acids support their own degradation. However, the photocatalytic decomposition of the sensitizers can be avoided by fabrication of the DSCs under inert conditions.
Fundamental Sources of Economic Complexity
Authors: Jakimowicz Aleksander 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article analyses the basic sources and types of economic complexity: chaotic attractors and repellers, complexity catastrophes, coexistence of attractors, sensitive dependence on parameters, final state sensitivity, effects of fractal basin boundaries and chaotic saddles. Four nonlinear classic models have been used for this purpose: virtual duopoly model, model of a centrally planned economy, cobweb model with adaptive expectations and the business cycle model. The issue of economic complexity has not been sufficiently dealt with in the literature. Studies of complexity in economics usually focus on identifying the conditions under which deterministic chaos emerges in models as the main form of complexity, while analyses of other forms of complexity are much less frequent. The article has two objectives: methodological and explicative, which are to shed some new light on the issue. The first objective is to make as comprehensive a catalogue of sources of economic complexity as possible; this is to be achieved by the numerical calculations presented in this article. The issue of accumulation of complexity has been emphasized, which is a type of system dynamics which has its roots in coincidence and overlapping of complexity originating in different sources. The second objective involves an explanation of the role which is played in generating complexity by classic laws of economics. It appears that there is another overarching law, which is independent of the type of system or the level of economic analysis, which states that the long-term effect of conventional economic laws is an inevitable increase in the complexity of markets and economies. Therefore, the sources of complexity discussed in this article are called fundamental ones.
Restoration Practices Used on Post Mining Sites and Industrial Deposits in the Czech Republic with an Example of Natural Restoration of Granodiorite Quarries and Spoil Heaps
Authors: Chuman Tomáš 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Mining of minerals that have significant impact on landscape and landscape functions affects 1% of the land surface worldwide. In the Czech Republic the extent of mining sites is estimated to be more than 800 km2 and according to the state legislation the land affected by mining should be reclaimed. There are several approaches to land restoration, which are shortly reviewed in this article, from pure technical approach to one adopting natural processes. The review shows increasing appeal of scientist and conservationist to use natural processes e.g. natural or directed succession as an alternative method of post-mining sites or industrial deposits restoration due to growing evidence of conservational value of such sites in human dominated landscapes. The natural processes used for land restoration are often argued to be slow therefore the rate of spontaneous vegetation succession was assessed in stone quarries and on spoil heaps using a sequence of panchromatic aerial images. The results showed that natural processes act fast and vegetation can reach 100% cover within 10-15 years in granodiorite quarries and on spoil heaps.
German Tax System: Double Taxation Avoidance Conventions, Structure and Developments
Authors: Dumiter Florin , Turcas Florin , Opret Anca 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the fundamentals of the tax system in general, the basic elements of a tax system as well as the organization of the German tax system analysis, especially throughout the tax levy and how the taxation typology functions. This theme was chosen in order to expose the principles of German taxation system. With a tumultuous and troubled history, mainly caused by the two World Wars‟ destructions, the German state is considered the „economic locomotive” and a pillar of the European Union. Germany‟s economy is mainly driven by the automotive industry, chemical industry, telecommunications, commerce and agriculture. Of particular importance is the qualitative analysis of conventions for the avoidance of double taxation concluded by Germany; and related implications on fiscal policy. The methodology used in this paper consists of presenting literature derived theories and practical analysis of the German tax system in terms of tax legislation and the evolution of double taxation conventions concluded by Germany with different countries. After the study, the conclusions on the size of the national tax system driven by the example of the German tax system were founded.
Involuntary Manslaughter in The New Romanian Penal Code
Authors: Zazula Bela Attila 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The defense of the person‟s life and health represents a constant concern for all legal systems. The person’s life and health were protected as primary and absolute values of any society in any social regime, and state had the task of creating some mechanisms that would ensure the protection of the social values against some approaches that are not according to the law.