bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticolimbic hyper-response to emotion and glutamatergic function in people with high schizotypy: a multimodal fMRI-MRS study
Authors: Modinos G , McLaughlin A , Egerton A , McMullen K , Kumari V , Barker G J , Keysers C , Williams S C R 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnimal models and human neuroimaging studies suggest that altered levels of glutamatergic metabolites within a corticolimbic circuit have a major role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Rodent models propose that prefrontal glutamate dysfunction could lead to amygdala hyper-response to environmental stress and underlie hippocampal overdrive in schizophrenia. Here we determine whether changes in brain glutamate are present in individuals with high schizotypy (HS), which refers to the presence of schizophrenia-like characteristics in healthy individuals, and whether glutamate levels are related to altered corticolimbic response to emotion. Twenty-one healthy HS subjects and 22 healthy subjects with low schizotypy (LS) were selected based on their Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences rating. Glutamate levels were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, followed by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to measure corticolimbic response during emotional processing. fMRI results and fMRI × glutamate interactions were considered significant after voxel-wise P<0.05 family-wise error correction. While viewing emotional pictures, HS individuals showed greater activation than did subjects with LS in the caudate, and marginally in the ACC, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and putamen. Although no between-group differences were found in glutamate concentrations, within the HS group ACC glutamate was negatively correlated with striatal activation (left: z=4.30, P=0.004 and right: z=4.12 P=0.008 caudate; left putamen: z=3.89, P=0.018) and marginally with MPFC (z=3.55, P=0.052) and amygdala (left: z=2.88, P=0.062; right: z=2.79, P=0.079), correlations that were not present in LS subjects. These findings provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that brain glutamate levels are associated with hyper-responsivity in brain regions thought to be critical in the pathophysiology of psychosis.
Influence of Patient-Level Factors on Mode of Delivery among Operative Vaginal Delivery Candidates in Modern Practice
Authors: Gonzalez Christina , Allshouse Amanda , Henry Erick , Esplin Sean , Metz Torri 
Published: April 2017

Objective We aimed to evaluate which patient-level factors influence mode of delivery among candidates for operative vaginal delivery.
Study Design Cross-sectional study of candidates for operative vaginal delivery from 18 hospitals over 8 years. Probabilities of mode of delivery were estimated using hierarchical logistic modeling adjusting for clustering within physician and hospital.
Results Total 3,771 (64%) women delivered with forceps, 1,474 (25%) vacuums, and 665 (11%) cesareans. Odds of forceps versus vacuum were higher with induction (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.76–2.65), nulliparity (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.59–2.66), epidural (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.19–3.56), maternal indication (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.02), older maternal age (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.31 per 5 years), and longer second stage (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20 per hour).Odds of cesarean versus operative vaginal delivery were higher with maternal indication (OR = 9.0, 95% CI: 7.23–11.20), a perinatologist (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.09–5.78), longer second stage (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.65–1.93 per hour), older gestational age (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20 per week), and longer labor (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04 per hour).
Conclusion Patient-level factors influence the decision to proceed with an operative vaginal delivery and the choice of instrument, thereby emphasizing the importance of maintaining availability of both forceps and vacuums.
Changing Management of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Effect on Neonatal Outcomes and Resource Utilization
Authors: Goel Veena , Palma Jonathan , Luh Thomas , Wang Nichole , Gaskari Shabnam , Punn Rajesh , Silverman Norman , Benitz William , Chock Valerie 
Published: April 2017

Objective This historical cohort study investigated how a shift toward a more conservative approach of awaiting spontaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants has affected neonatal outcomes and resource utilization.
Methods We retrospectively studied very low birth weight infants diagnosed with a PDA by echocardiogram (ECHO) in 2006–2008 (era 1), when medical or surgical PDA management was emphasized, to those born in 2010–2012 (era 2) when conservative PDA management was encouraged. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for gestational age were performed to assess differences in clinical outcomes and resource utilization between eras.
Results More infants in era 2 (35/89, 39%) compared with era 1 (22/120, 18%) had conservative PDA management (p < 0.01). Despite no difference in surgical ligation rate, infants in era 2 had ligation later (median 24 vs. 8 days, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in clinical outcomes between eras, while number of ECHOs per patient was the only resource measure that increased in era 2 (median 3 vs. 2 ECHOs, p = 0.003).
Conclusion In an era of more conservative PDA management, no increase in adverse clinical outcomes or significant change in resource utilization was found. Conservative PDA management may be a safe alternative for preterm infants.
Endoscopic resection of large duodenal and papillary lateral spreading lesions is clinically and economically advantageous compared with surgery
Authors: Klein Amir , Ahlenstiel Golo , Tate David , Burgess Nicholas , Richardson Arthur , Pang Tony , Byth Karen , Bourke Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Adenomas of the duodenum and ampulla are uncommon. For lesions ≤ 20 mm in size and confined to the papillary mound, endoscopic resection is well supported by systematic study. However, for large laterally spreading lesions of the duodenum or papilla (LSL-D/P), surgery is often performed despite substantial associated morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare actual endoscopic outcomes of such lesions and costs with those predicted for surgery using validated prediction tools.
Patients and methods Patients who underwent endoscopic resection of LSL-D/P were analyzed. Two surgeons assigned the hypothetical surgical management. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), and the Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) were used to predict morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. Actual endoscopic and hypothetical surgical outcomes and costs were compared.
Results A total of 102 lesions were evaluated (mean age of patients 69 years, 52 % male, mean lesion size 40 mm). Complete endoscopic resection was achieved in 93.1 % at the index procedure. Endoscopic adverse events occurred in 18.6 %. Recurrence at first surveillance endoscopy was seen in 17.7 %. For patients with ≥ 2 surveillance endoscopies (n = 55), 90 % were clear of disease and considered cured (median follow-up 27 months). Compared with hypothetical surgical resection, endoscopic resection had less morbidity (18 % vs. 31 %; P = 0.001) and shorter hospital stay (median 1 vs. 4.75 days; P < 0.001), and was less costly than surgery (mean $ 11 093 vs. $ 19 358; P < 0.001).
Conclusion In experienced centers, even extensive LSL-D/P can be managed endoscopically with favorable morbidity and mortality profiles, and reduced costs, compared with surgery.
Flexural wave suppression by an elastic metamaterial beam with zero bending
stiffness
Authors: Zhang Yong Yan , Wu Jiu Hui , Hu Guang Zhong , Wang Yu Chun 
Published: April 2017

In this paper, different from Bragg scattering or local resonance mechanisms, a novel mechanism of an ultra-low-frequency broadband for flexural waves propagating in a one-dimensional elastic metamaterial beam with zero bending stiffness is proposed, which consists of periodic hinge-linked blocks. The dispersion relationship of this kind of metamaterial beam is derived and analyzed, from which we find that these hinge-linked blocks can produce the zero bending stiffness. Thus, the flexural waves within the metamaterial beam can be suppressed, and an ultra-low-frequency wide band-gap is formed in which the first branch is generated by the zero bending spring and the second branch by the negative velocity of the metamaterial beam. Numerical results show that the elastic metamaterial beams with zero bending stiffness can indeed generate an ultra-low-frequency wide band gap even starting from almost zero frequency, such as from 0 Hz to 525 Hz in our structure. Therefore, the puzzle of realizing an ultra-low-frequency broadband of flexural waves may have been better solved, which could be applied in controlling ultra-low-frequency elastic waves in engineering.
At the request of the Editor and the Publisher this article is being retracted. It was inadvertently published in Journal of Applied Physics due to the significant overlap of data, experimental approach, and results with another publication with no acknowledgment.
Quantitative criticism of literary relationships
Authors: Dexter Joseph P. , Katz Theodore , Tripuraneni Nilesh , Dasgupta Tathagata , Kannan Ajay , Brofos James A. , Bonilla Lopez Jorge A. , Schroeder Lea A. , Casarez Adriana , Rabinovich Maxim , Haimson Lushkov Ayelet , Chaudhuri Pramit 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceFamous works of literature can serve as cultural touchstones, inviting creative adaptations in subsequent writing. To understand a poem, play, or novel, critics often catalog and analyze these intertextual relationships. The study of such relationships is challenging because intertextuality can take many forms, from direct quotation to literary imitation. Here, we show that techniques from authorship attribution studies, including stylometry and machine learning, can shed light on inexact literary relationships involving little explicit text reuse. We trace the evolution of features not tied to individual words across diverse corpora and provide statistical evidence to support interpretive hypotheses of literary critical interest. The significance of this approach is the integration of quantitative and humanistic methods to address aspects of cultural evolution.
Effects of systemic multiexon skipping with peptide-conjugated morpholinos in the heart of a dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Echigoya Yusuke , Nakamura Akinori , Nagata Tetsuya , Urasawa Nobuyuki , Lim Kenji Rowel Q. , Trieu Nhu , Panesar Dharminder , Kuraoka Mutsuki , Moulton Hong M. , Saito Takashi , Aoki Yoshitsugu , Iversen Patrick , Sazani Peter , Kole Ryszard , Maruyama Rika , Partridge Terry , Takeda Shin’ichi , Yokota Toshifumi 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a lack of dystrophin protein. Cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of death in DMD. Although exon skipping with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides is very promising, morpholino-mediated exon skipping has induced barely detectable dystrophin levels in the hearts of DMD animal models. Here, we show that systemic multiexon skipping using a cocktail of peptide-conjugated morpholinos (PPMOs) rescued dystrophin expression in the myocardium and cardiac Purkinje fibers in a dystrophic dog model. The treatment reduced vacuole degeneration in Purkinje fibers and improved electrocardiogram abnormalities without apparent toxicity. These results indicate that PPMO-mediated multiexon skipping is a therapeutic approach for treating cardiac conduction abnormalities in DMD.
Unraveling the disease consequences and mechanisms of modular structure in animal social networks
Authors: Sah Pratha , Leu Stephan T. , Cross Paul C. , Hudson Peter J. , Bansal Shweta 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Modular organization in animal social networks is hypothesized to alleviate the cost of disease burden in group-living species. However, our analysis of empirical social networks of 43 animal species along with theoretical networks demonstrates that infectious disease spread is largely unaffected by the underlying modular organization, except when social networks are extremely subdivided. We show that high fragmentation and high subgroup cohesion, which are both associated with high modularity in social networks, induce structural delay and trapping of infections that spread through these networks, reducing disease burden. We validate our results using real animal social networks and recommend the use of appropriate null network models when data-limited estimates of epidemic consequences are necessary.
Providing driver’s licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California improves traffic safety
Authors: Lueders Hans , Hainmueller Jens , Lawrence Duncan 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Several states have experimented with more inclusive policies toward immigrants. There is little empirical evidence related to their impact. Our study examines the short-term traffic safety effects of one of the largest-scale state policies focused on the integration of unauthorized immigrants: California’s extension of driving privileges to unauthorized immigrants. We find that this policy did not increase the total number of accidents or the occurrence of fatal accidents, but it did reduce the likelihood of hit and run accidents, thereby improving traffic safety and reducing costs for California drivers. Our findings have important implications for policymakers: providing unauthorized immigrants with access to driver’s licenses can create positive externalities for the communities in which they live.
Early human symbolic behavior in the Late Pleistocene of Wallacea
Authors: Brumm Adam , Langley Michelle C. , Moore Mark W. , Hakim Budianto , Ramli Muhammad , Sumantri Iwan , Burhan Basran , Saiful Andi Muhammad , Siagian Linda , Suryatman  , Sardi Ratno , Jusdi Andi , Abdullah  , Mubarak Andi Pampang , Hasliana  , Hasrianti  , Oktaviana Adhi Agus , Adhityatama Shinatria , van den Bergh Gerrit D. , Aubert Maxime , Zhao Jian-xin , Huntley Jillian , Li Bo , Roberts Richard G. , Saptomo E. Wahyu , Perston Yinika , Grün Rainer 
Published: April 2017

Significance
We present evidence from the Late Pleistocene of Sulawesi, Indonesia, where an unusually rich and unique symbolic complex was excavated from archaeological deposits spanning 30,000 to 22,000 y ago. Including previously unknown practices of self-ornamentation, used ochre, pigmented artifacts, and portable art, these findings advance our knowledge of the cultural repertoires of modern humans in Pleistocene Wallacea, including the nonparietal artworks and symbolic material culture of some of the world’s earliest known “cave artists.”
Plasmodium falciparum
erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 triggers a biophysical change in the red blood cell that facilitates invasion
Authors: Koch Marion , Wright Katherine E. , Otto Oliver , Herbig Maik , Salinas Nichole D. , Tolia Niraj H. , Satchwell Timothy J. , Guck Jochen , Brooks Nicholas J. , Baum Jake 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The blood-stage malaria parasite, the merozoite, invades the human red blood cell (RBC) using receptor–ligand interactions between the parasite and host cell surface, yet the function of these interactions to invasion is not known. We have analyzed the binding between one key merozoite invasion ligand, called erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 (EBA175), and glycophorin A on the RBC surface (the most dominant surface antigen) and explored how this interaction affects the biophysical properties of the red cell. Using a combination of imaging techniques, we demonstrate that the malaria parasite changes the biophysical nature of the red cell, facilitating its own entry by effectively reducing the energy barrier to invasion. This study demonstrates a red cell biophysical contribution to merozoite entry.
Low-symmetry sphere packings of simple surfactant micelles induced by ionic sphericity
Authors: Kim Sung A , Jeong Kyeong-Jun , Yethiraj Arun , Mahanthappa Mahesh K. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Surfactants (“soaps”) spontaneously self-assemble into spherical micelles in water, which pack into ordered crystalline states. Such soft particles have long been assumed to adopt the same closest-packed configurations observed with hard spheres (e.g., billiard balls). Here, we show that surfactant micelles also form complex, tetrahedrally closest-packed Frank–Kasper (FK) phases. Surprisingly, the low-symmetry unit cells of these structures comprise multiple particle types with discrete size distributions. We demonstrate that these unexpected structures arise from simultaneous optimization of interparticle electrostatic interactions and the spherical symmetry of the charged ion clouds around each micelle. This discovery bridges previous reports of FK phases in neutral soft materials such as block polymers, dendrimers, and giant shape amphiphiles and in metal alloys.
Failures in Leadership
Authors: Feldman Ofer , Kinoshita Ken , Bull Peter 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper examines how Japanese leading politicians deal with the communicative problems posed to them during broadcast political interviews. Based on data gathered during 14-month period in 2012–2013, the paper replicates and modifies the “Theory of Equivocation” to explore the extent to which national and local level politicians endeavor to affect the content of information distributed to the public and to influence the way people perceive events that take place in the public domain. Differentiating among selected groups of politicians, i.e., ruling and opposition parties’ members, Cabinet ministers and prime ministers, and local level politicians, the paper focuses on the ways Japanese politicians (and for comparison also nonpoliticians) equivocate during televised programs and the conditions underlying this equivocation, thereby also assesses the significance of these talk shows in the broader context of political communication in Japan.
Allergy
Authors: Alam Saima , Corrigan Christopher 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Allergic disorders are on the increase. This chapter covers a range of common allergic problems encountered in patients with severe asthma which may contribute to symptomatology and exacerbations, including genetic and environmental factors, affecting the airways, and the diagnosis and management of atopic asthma in association with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. The account elucidates the basic principles behind simple investigations, such as skin prick testing and in vitro allergen-specific IgE assays, as well as relatively novel tests, including component resolved diagnosis. Also covered are recent advances in managing patients with seasonal and perennial rhinosinusitis, with an explanation of the indications, and the protocols available for desensitization to pollens, house dust mites, and animal dander. Overall, this chapter should provide the reader with adequate knowledge to deal with day-to-day management dilemmas in a specialist asthma clinic.
Bacterial lung infection
Authors: Brill Simon , Brown Jeremy 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Bacterial lung infection may be caused by a wide variety of pathogens and may present in different ways. This chapter discusses a case presenting with signs and symptoms that were initially treated as community-acquired pneumonia, before the presence of a complicated bacterial lung abscess became clear. The clinical course was complicated by an episode of atrial fibrillation. The patient did not improve, and an underlying squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. The initial investigation and treatment of pneumonia are discussed, as well as risk stratification, aetiology, differential diagnosis, detailed investigations, and treatment. The potential pulmonary and cardiac complications of pneumonia are also discussed, with particular relevance to the aetiology and treatment of bacterial lung abscess. This chapter provides an overview of the varied spectrum of lung infection and reinforces the importance of considering differential diagnosis and potential complications in any patient who fails to improve with standard treatment.
Central sleep apnoea
Authors: Pittman Marcus , Williams Adrian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Central sleep apnoea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration are common forms of sleep-disordered breathing, particularly in patients with co-morbidities such as cardiac and renal disease which, however, often do not require specific treatment. Physicians may encounter such patients in their outpatient clinics or as ward referrals in hospital. A typical case is presented to aid the approach to such patients, including how to make an accurate diagnosis, which of the various treatment modalities to use, and what to do if a treatment fails. The evidence for the different interventions is explored, including oxygen, modes of non-invasive positive airway pressure, and drug treatments, with particular attention to groundbreaking studies.
Pulmonary fungal infections
Authors: Tunnicliffe Georgia , Wise Matthew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Pulmonary fungal infections remain relatively uncommon, although they are increasingly diagnosed as a consequence of a growing population of immunocompromised individuals, foreign travel, and improved diagnostic tools. Groups who were not previously thought to be at significant risk of invasive disease are also being recognized. The increasing incidence of fungal lung disease as a consequence of changing patient demographics means that clinicians will encounter cases in outpatient clinics, medical admission departments, and the intensive care unit with increasing frequency. As international travel increases, so too will presentations of endemic mycoses to respiratory physicians practising in the United Kingdom. Many fungi, such as Aspergillus species, are ubiquitous and can cause a spectrum of pulmonary disorders from colonization, leading to hypersensitivity reactions, to invasive disease with high mortality rates. This chapter considers commonly encountered fungi and how diseases associated with them may present.
HIV-related lung disease
Authors: Collier Dami , Miller Robert F 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia is a common fungal infection, occurring particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. It is a common AIDS-defining illness. This case-based discussion summarizes the clinical course of a HIV-related Pneumocystis pneumonia clinical event. It highlights the common clinical features in HIV-infected patients, the different diagnostic modalities available to physicians in the United Kingdom, treatment recommendations, and adverse drug reactions associated with treatment.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ross Clare , Wells Athol 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases are a complex heterogeneous group which are challenging to diagnose and treat. The diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as opposed to connective tissue interstitial lung disease, is important, as treatments and prognoses are very different. This chapter focusses on a case where this diagnosis is challenging. The evidence for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is reviewed, in light of recent trials and new recommendations.