bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical function metric over measure: An illustration with the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)
Authors: Kaat Aaron J. , Schalet Benjamin D. , Rutsohn Joshua , Jensen Roxanne E. , Cella David 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDMeasuring patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) is becoming an integral component of quality improvement initiatives, clinical care, and research studies in cancer, including comparative effectiveness research. However, the number of PROs limits comparability across studies. Herein, the authors attempted to link the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General Physical Well‐Being (FACT‐G PWB) subscale with the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF) calibrated item bank. The also sought to augment a subset of the conceptually most similar FACT‐G PWB items with PROMIS PF items to improve the linking.METHODSBaseline data from 5506 participants in the Measuring Your Health (MY‐Health) study were used to identify the optimal items for linking FACT‐G PWB with PROMIS PF. A mixed methods approach identified the optimal items for creating the 5‐item FACT/PROMIS‐PF5 scale. Both the linked and augmented relationships were cross‐validated using the follow‐up MY‐Health data.RESULTSA 5‐item FACT‐G PWB item subset was found to be optimal for linking with PROMIS PF. In addition, a 2‐item subset, including only items that were conceptually very similar to the PROMIS item bank content, were augmented with 3 PROMIS PF items. This new FACT/PROMIS‐PF5 provided superior score recovery.CONCLUSIONSThe PROMIS PF metric allows for the evaluation of the extent to which similar questionnaires can be linked and therefore expressed on the same metric. These results allow for the aggregation of existing data and provide an optimal measure for future studies wishing to use the FACT yet also report on the PROMIS PF metric. Cancer 2018;124:153‐60. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Histopathologic follow‐up and HPV test results with HSIL Papanicolaou test results in China's largest academic women's hospital
Authors: Tao Xiang , Austin R. Marshall , Zhang Hao , Zhang Lihong , Xiao Jianan , Zhou Xianrong , Wang Li , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDCervical cancer screening in China is largely limited to occasional opportunistic screening in urban centers. The current study reports histopathologic follow‐up and human papillomavirus (HPV) results in women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) Papanicolaou (Pap) tests reported at the largest academic women's hospital in China and compares these findings with those of published Western studies among frequently screened women.METHODSA retrospective cohort study documented HSIL Pap tests, patient age, HPV results, and histopathologic follow‐up from 2011 through 2015 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University (OGHFU) in Shanghai, China. Of 886,122 Pap test results, 4269 (0.48%) reported HSIL. Histopathologic follow‐up was available for 2351 cases and HPV results were available for 2092 cases.RESULTSHSIL reporting rates increased with patient age from 0.16% at age <30 years to 0.58% at ages 30 to 49 years and 0.75% at age ≥50 years. HSIL rates were found to be significantly higher for women tested using liquid‐based cytology (0.52%‐0.55%) compared with conventional Pap tests (0.19%). Among 2351 cases with histopathologic follow‐up, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of type 2/3 was diagnosed in 74.1% of cases and squamous cell carcinoma in 14.2% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 22.8% of patients aged ≥50 years who underwent biopsy. HPV‐positive HSIL rates using 3 different HPV tests ranged from 88.1% to 93.9%.CONCLUSIONSAt OGHFU, the finding of an increase in HSIL cytology rates with increasing patient age contrasted with a finding of decreasing HSIL rates with increasing age previously reported in regularly screened cotested patients in the United States. The increasing HSIL rates with older age and high rates of cervical cancer diagnoses noted at OGHFU appear to be best explained by the absence of consistent intraepithelial lesion ablation achievable with frequent screening and treatment. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:947‐53. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Computer‐assisted cytologic diagnosis in pancreatic FNA: An application of neural networks to image analysis
Authors: Momeni‐Boroujeni Amir , Yousefi Elham , Somma Jonathan 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is an accurate method for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. However, a significant number of cases still pose a diagnostic challenge. The authors have attempted to design a computer model to aid in the diagnosis of these biopsies.METHODSImages were captured of cell clusters on ThinPrep slides from 75 pancreatic FNA cases (20 malignant, 24 benign, and 31 atypical). A K‐means clustering algorithm was used to segment the cell clusters into separable regions of interest before extracting features similar to those used for cytomorphologic assessment. A multilayer perceptron neural network (MNN) was trained and then tested for its ability to distinguish benign from malignant cases.RESULTSA total of 277 images of cell clusters were obtained. K‐means clustering identified 68,301 possible regions of interest overall. Features such as contour, perimeter, and area were found to be significantly different between malignant and benign images (P <.05). The MNN was 100% accurate for benign and malignant categories. The model's predictions from the atypical data set were 77% accurate.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that computer models can be used successfully to distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic cytology. The fact that the model can categorize atypical cases into benign or malignant with 77% accuracy highlights the great potential of this technology. Although further study is warranted to validate its clinical applications in pancreatic and perhaps other areas of cytology as well, the potential for improved patient outcomes using MNN for image analysis in pathology is significant. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:926‐33. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A crustacean lobula plate: Morphology, connections, and retinotopic organization
Authors: Bengochea Mercedes , Berón de Astrada Martín , Tomsic Daniel , Sztarker Julieta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe lobula plate is part of the lobula complex, the third optic neuropil, in the optic lobes of insects. It has been extensively studied in dipterous insects, where its role in processing flow‐field motion information used for controlling optomotor responses was discovered early. Recently, a lobula plate was also found in malacostracan crustaceans. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the neuroarchitecture, the input and output connections and the retinotopic organization of the lobula plate in a crustacean, the crab Neohelice granulata using a variety of histological methods that include silver reduced staining and mass staining with dextran‐conjugated dyes. The lobula plate of this crab is a small elongated neuropil. It receives separated retinotopic inputs from columnar neurons of the medulla and the lobula. In the anteroposterior plane, the neuropil possesses four layers defined by the arborizations of such columnar inputs. Medulla projecting neurons arborize mainly in two of these layers, one on each side, while input neurons arriving from the lobula branch only in one. The neuropil contains at least two classes of tangential elements, one connecting with the lateral protocerebrum and the other that exits the optic lobes toward the supraesophageal ganglion. The number of layers in the crab's lobula plate, the retinotopic connections received from the medulla and from the lobula, and the presence of large tangential neurons exiting the neuropil, reflect the general structure of the insect lobula plate and, hence, provide support to the notion of an evolutionary conserved function for this neuropil.
Viscous effects in pelvic floor muscles during childbirth: A numerical study
Authors: Vila Pouca M.C.P. , Ferreira J.P.S. , Oliveira D.A. , Parente M.P.L. , Natal Jorge R.M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDuring vaginal delivery, women sustain stretching of their pelvic floor, risking tissue injury and adverse outcomes. Realistic numerical simulations of childbirth can help in the understanding of the pelvic floor mechanics and on the prevention of related disorders.In previous studies, biomechanical finite element simulations of a vaginal delivery have been performed disregarding the viscous effects present on all biological soft tissues. The inclusion of the viscoelastic behaviour is fundamental, since it allows to investigate rate‐dependent responses. The present work uses a viscohyperelastic constitutive model to evaluate how the childbirth duration affects the efforts sustained by the pelvic floor during delivery.It was concluded that viscoelasticity adds a stiffness component that leads to higher forces comparing with the elastic response. Viscous solutions are rate dependent, and precipitous labours could be associated to higher efforts, while lower reaction forces were denoted for normal and prolonged labours, respectively. The existence of resting stages during labour demonstrated the capability of the tissue to relax and recover some of the initial properties, which helped to lower the forces and stresses involved.The present work represents a step further in achieving a robust non‐invasive procedure, allowing to estimate how obstetrical factors influence labour and its outcomes.
Accelerating Linux and Android applications on low‐power devices through remote GPGPU offloading
Authors: Montella Raffaele , Kosta Sokol , Oro David , Vera Javier , Fernández Carles , Palmieri Carlo , Di Luccio Diana , Giunta Giulio , Lapegna Marco , Laccetti Giuliano 
Published: September 2017

SummaryLow‐power devices are usually highly constrained in terms of CPU computing power, memory, and GPGPU resources for real‐time applications to run. In this paper, we describe RAPID, a complete framework suite for computation offloading to help low‐powered devices overcome these limitations. RAPID supports CPU and GPGPU computation offloading on Linux and Android devices. Moreover, the framework implements lightweight secure data transmission of the offloading operations. We present the architecture of the framework, showing the integration of the CPU and GPGPU offloading modules. We show by extensive experiments that the overhead introduced by the security layer is negligible. We present the first benchmark results showing that Java/Android GPGPU code offloading is possible. Finally, we show the adoption of the GPGPU offloading into BioSurveillance, a commercial real‐time face recognition application. The results show that, thanks to RAPID, BioSurveillance is being successfully adapted to run on low‐power devices. The proposed framework is highly modular and exposes a rich application programming interface to developers, making it highly versatile while hiding the complexity of the underlying networking layer.
Site‐Selective Labeling of Chromium(III) as a Quencher on DNA for Molecular Beacons
Authors: Ma Huan , Li Wang , Zhou Wenhu , Liu Juewen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMolecular beacons typically use organic molecules or nanomaterials as quenchers. Many transition‐metal ions have excellent fluorescence quenching ability, and the aim of this study was to recruit them as small quenchers in DNA detection. Cr3+ has a slow ligand exchange rate, forming stable adducts with DNA. With its strong fluorescence quenching ability, the site‐specific labeling of Cr3+ on DNA to form a new type of molecular beacon was investigated. The kinetics of quenching by Cr3+ were measured for single‐ and double‐stranded DNA as a function of salt concentration, pH, and Cr3+ ion concentration. The goal was to achieve a selective reaction with the single‐stranded but not double‐stranded regions. The reaction mechanism was also probed by adding adenosine triphosphate, revealing two Cr3+‐binding modes: fast but unstable, and slow but stable. A partially complementary duplex was designed with a short polyguanine overhang, which, under optimal conditions, enabled selective labeling of the overhanging region with Cr3+. The resulting sequence was tested as a molecular beacon with a detection limit of 0.3 nm DNA and a saturated fluorescence enhancement of fivefold. With a 13‐nucleotide target DNA, the single mismatch discrimination of the beacon was 22‐fold. This study demonstrates the possibility of forming useful Cr3+ adducts with DNA. Such adducts are not only useful for developing biosensors but also for constructing new materials.
Influence of full mouth rehabilitation on oral health‐related quality of life among disabled children
Authors: Al‐Nowaiser Abeer M. , Al Suwyed Abdulaziz S. , Al Zoman Khalid H. , Robert Asirvatham A. , Al Brahim Tarfa , Ciancio Sebastian G. , Al Mubarak Sultan A. , El Meligy Omar A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe efficacy of full mouth rehabilitation (FMR) on oral health‐related quality of life of physically disabled children was assessed. This prospective study was performed at Dental Department of Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during May 2012 to September 2014. A total of 186 physically disabled children aged 11–14 years were assigned to a test group (n = 97) or a control group (n = 89). FMR was applied for test group children at baseline and 3 months' visits, whereas those in the control group did not receive FMR. Both group children received dental kits and oral hygiene instructions. Children were asked to complete the Child Perceptions Questionnaire, whereas Parental‐Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire and Family Distress Domain questionnaire were completed by the parents/caregivers at baseline and 6 months' visits. Children in both groups showed positive trends in oral symptoms at 6 months compared with those at baseline. However, when they were compared to control, significant improvement in oral symptoms was observed in the test group at 6 months' visit (p < .05). Also when they were compared to control, significant improvements were observed in the functional limitation, emotional, and social well‐being subscales of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire and on the Parental‐Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire scales at the end of the study (p < .05). Compared to the parents/caregivers of the control children, the parents/caregivers of the test‐group children reported insignificant but positive trends in Family Distress Domain at the end of the study (p < .05). FMR in children reduced oral‐related problems subsequently to a better oral health‐related quality of life.
Changes in Tonsil B Cell Phenotypes and EBV Receptor Expression in Children Under 5‐Years‐Old
Authors: Wohlford Eric M. , Baresel Paul C. , Wilmore Joel R. , Mortelliti Anthony J. , Coleman Carrie B. , Rochford Rosemary 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundPalatine tonsils are principally B cell organs that are the initial line of defense against many oral pathogens, as well as the site of infection for others. While the size of palatine tonsils changes greatly in the first five years of life, the cellular changes during this period are not well studied. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a common orally transmitted virus that infects tonsillar B cells. Naïve B cells are thought to be the target of primary infection with EBV in vivo, suggesting that they are targeted by the virus. EBV enters B cells through CD21, but studies of older children and adults have not shown differences in surface CD21 between naïve B cells and other tonsil B cell populations.MethodsIn this study, we used an 11‐color flow cytometry panel to detail the changes in B cell subpopulations in human tonsils over the first five years of life from 33 healthy US children.ResultsWe provide reference ranges for tonsil B cell subpopulations over this age range. We show that the frequency of naïve tonsil B cells decreases over the early years of life, and that naïve B cells expressed higher surface levels of CD21 relative to other tonsil B cell populations.ConclusionsWe show that young children have a higher frequency of naïve tonsil B cells, and importantly that these cells express increased surface EBV receptor, suggesting that young children have a larger pool of cells that can be infected by the virus. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Improving the peak‐to‐average power ratio of the single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access system through the integration of tone injection and tone reservation techniques
Authors: Chen Houshou , Liang Hsin‐Ying , Chu Hung‐Chi , Lin Chuan‐Bi 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper proposes a new method for reducing the peak‐to‐average power ratio of the single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access system. The method is an integration of the tone injection (TI) and tone reservation (TR) techniques. A recommended method that uses TI to improve TR's low data transmission rate problem that is caused by the reservation of subcarriers. Additionally, to reduce the massive amount of computation required by the combined needs of TI and TR, an iterative flipping algorithm was adopted for this purpose. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is not only capable of effectively improving the peak‐to‐average power ratio–reduction efficiency of the single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access system but it can also improve the data transmission rate of the conventional TR technique.
Association of change in waist circumference and dyslipidaemia risk: The rural Chinese cohort study
Authors: Zhou Junmei , Ren Yongcheng , Wang Chongjian , Li Linlin , Zhang Lu , Wang Bingyuan , Zhao Yang , Han Chengyi , Zhang Hongyan , Yang Xiangyu , Luo Xinping , Pang Chao , Yin Lei , Feng Tianping , Zhao Jingzhi , Hu Dongsheng , Zhang Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of change in waist circumference (WC) and incidence of dyslipidaemia in a cohort study of a rural Chinese population.MethodsChange in WC (ΔWC) was defined as the value at follow‐up minus the corresponding value at baseline. Risk of dyslipidaemia associated with ΔWC was assessed by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in a logistic regression model, and the odds ratios were transformed to relative risks (RRs).ResultsAmong 7691 participants without dyslipidaemia at baseline, 3213 (41.78%) showed dyslipidaemia at 6 year follow‐up. Risk of dyslipidaemia was decreased for participants with the first quartile of ΔWC and normal baseline WC (adjusted RR [aRR] = 0.79 [95% confidence interval: 0.64‐0.98]) and was increased with the fourth quartile of ΔWC and male gender, age 18 to 30 years, age 31 to 50 years, or normal baseline WC (aRR = 1.55 [1.19‐2.03], 2.40 [1.16‐4.95], 1.32 [1.06‐1.64], and 1.66 [1.35‐2.04], respectively). The risk of dyslipidaemia increased with change in WC from normal at baseline to abnormal at follow‐up for both genders (aRR = 1.88 [1.39‐2.55] for men and 1.60 [1.30‐1.97] for women) and decreased with abnormal baseline WC changed to normal WC for women (aRR = 0.61 [0.45‐0.83]).ConclusionsDynamic change in waist circumference was closely related to the incidence of dyslipidaemia in a rural Chinese population. Waist circumference reduction could decrease dyslipidaemia risk, whereas WC increase may increase the risk. Interventions to control or reduce WC to within the normal range are important for early prevention of dyslipidaemia.
The where, what, and when of membrane protein degradation in neurons
Authors: Jin Eugene Jennifer , Kiral Ferdi Ridvan , Hiesinger Peter Robin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTMembrane protein turnover and degradation are required for the function and health of all cells. Neurons may live for the entire lifetime of an organism and are highly polarized cells with spatially segregated axonal and dendritic compartments. Both longevity and morphological complexity represent challenges for regulated membrane protein degradation. To investigate how neurons cope with these challenges, an increasing number of recent studies investigated local, cargo‐specific protein sorting, and degradation at axon terminals and in dendritic processes. In this review, we explore the current answers to the ensuing questions of where, what, and when membrane proteins are degraded in neurons. © 2017 The Authors Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 283–297, 2018
In vitro metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids CUMYL‐PINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐PINACA, CUMYL‐4CN‐BINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐P7AICA and CUMYL‐4CN‐B7AICA
Authors: Staeheli Sandra N. , Poetzsch Michael , Veloso Veronica P. , Bovens Michael , Bissig Christian , Steuer Andrea E. , Kraemer Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoid consumption trends underlie fast changes and provide several challenges to clinical and forensic toxicologists. Due to their extensive metabolism, parent compounds are hardly detectable in urine. Therefore, knowledge of the metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids is essential to allow their detection in biological matrices. The aim of the present study was the elucidation of the metabolism of CUMYL‐PINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐PINACA, CUMYL‐4CN‐BINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐P7AICA, and CUMYL‐4CN‐B7AICA with a focus on the analytical and interpretational differentiation of the compounds. Microsomal assay mixtures containing co‐substrates, 10 μg/mL substrate and 1 mg/mL pooled human liver microsomes were incubated for 1 hour at 37°C. Investigation of the metabolites was performed on a Thermo Fischer Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system coupled to a Sciex 6600 QTOF System. Hydroxylation was observed to be a major biotransformation step for all 5 cumyl‐derivatives, followed by dihydroxylation. For CUMYL‐PINACA, a major metabolic pathway was hydroxylation at the pentyl moiety, followed by a second hydroxylation at that pentyl moiety or oxidation to ketone. A major metabolic pathway for the compounds containing a nitrile function was nitrile hydrolysis followed by carboxylation and further hydroxylation. For the fluorinated compounds, oxidative defluorination and carboxylation were abundant metabolic steps. Some of the metabolic transformations lead to structurally identical metabolites, which should not be used as marker for the intake of a particular parent compound. In addition, several constitutional isomers containing either an indazole or azaindole core structure were detected, which should be differentiated by retention time rather than by their mass spectra alone.