bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Oxygen Non‐Stoichiometric BaSc0.25Co0.75O3‐δ as a High‐Performance Cathode for Intermediate‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Bo , Sunarso Jaka , Zhang Yuan , Yang Guangming , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLowering the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is highly desirable to reduce the cost and increase the lifetime, which relies upon the development of a cathode component with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity at a lower temperature. Herein, we report the characterization of high‐performance BaScxCo1‐xO3‐δ (x=0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375) perovskite SOFC cathodes. Unlike BaCoO3‐δ, which adopts 2H‐hexagonal perovskite structure, the replacement of 25 mol % of Co with Sc stabilizes the cubic structure, which also leads to the significant reduction in area specific resistances and their activation energies between 650 and 500 °C (for BaSc0.25Co0.75O3‐δ) relative to the non‐doped BaCoO3‐δ. In this temperature range, BaSc0.25Co0.75O3‐δ displayed a remarkably high ORR activity compared to Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3‐δ (BSCF), the current cathode benchmark. We attribute such superior ORR performance to the higher oxygen non‐stoichiometries of BaSc0.25Co0.75O3‐δ relative to BSCF, which also translates to the higher oxygen bulk diffusion and surface exchange coefficients for the former compared to the latter. As a result, a single fuel cell based on an anode‐supported 20 μm thick samarium‐doped ceria electrolyte and BaSc0.25Co0.75O3‐δ cathode achieved a very high peak power density of 1723 mW cm−2 at 650 °C. We also demonstrated the possibility to increase the ORR activity of the BaSc0.25Co0.75O3‐δ cathode by impregnation of a low amount of silver.
A rapid, maskless 3D prototyping for fabrication of capillary circuits: Toward urinary protein detection
Authors: Yan Sheng , Zhu Yuanqing , Tang Shi‐Yang , Li Yuxing , Zhao Qianbin , Yuan Dan , Yun Guolin , Zhang Jun , Zhang Shiwu , Li Weihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProteinuria is an established risk marker for progressive renal function loss and patients would significantly benefit from a point‐of‐care testing. Although extensive work has been done to develop the microfluidic devices for the detection of urinary protein, they need the complicated operation and bulky peripherals. Here, we present a rapid, maskless 3D prototyping for fabrication of capillary fluidic circuits using laser engraving. The capillary circuits can be fabricated in a short amount of time (<10 min) without the requirements of clean‐room facilities and photomasks. The advanced capillary components (e.g., trigger valves, retention valves and retention bursting valves) were fabricated, enabling the sequential liquid delivery and sample‐reagent mixing. With the integration of smartphone‐based detection platform, the microfluidic device can quantify the urinary protein via a colorimetric analysis. By eliminating the bulky and expensive equipment, this smartphone‐based detection platform is portable for on‐site quantitative detection.
Ba‐doping to Improve the Cycling Stability of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode Materials for Batteries Operating at High Voltage
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Zheng Hong , Tan Li , Yuan Silan , Yin Haiyan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLiNi0.5−xBaxMn0.5O2 (x=0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08) samples were prepared by using a combination of co‐precipitation and solid‐state methods. All of the cathode materials were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of them show that we have successfully prepared the target materials, and Ba‐doping can keep the structure stable and lower Li/Ni cation mixing. In addition, Ba‐doping does not change the structure, the chemical states, or the morphology of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2. The electrochemical properties of the samples were explored systematically by rate performance and charge–discharge tests at room temperature and high temperature. The performances of the cathode materials indicate that 5 mol % Ba‐doping of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 can improve the capacity retention at 0.2 C by approximately 41 % and 13 %, at room temperature and 60 °C, respectively. in the range between 2.5 and 4.8 V. In addition, the 5 mol % Ba‐doped material shows better rate performances than that of the un‐doped material, especially at higher current densities. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) tests were used to analyze the reason for the improved electrochemical properties, which may be attributed to lower Li/Ni cation mixing, higher structural stability, lower polarization, and lower charge transfer resistance.
Development of dementia in patients with femoral neck fracture who experience postoperative delirium—A three‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Olofsson B. , Persson M. , Bellelli G. , Morandi A. , Gustafson Y. , Stenvall M. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesIt remains unclear to what extent postoperative delirium (POD) affects the incidence of dementia in hip fracture patients, and the methods used to detect delirium and dementia require validation. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of dementia within 3 years of femoral neck fracture repair surgery, with a focus on POD as a potential predictive factor.MethodsPatients were assessed for cognition, delirium, depression, psychological well‐being, and nutritional status during their hospitalization as well as 4, 12, and 36 months after the operation. Logistic regression models were used to analyse factors associated with POD and factors associated with the development of dementia.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 135 patients without a history of dementia, of whom 20 (14.8%) were delirious preoperatively and 75 (55.5%) postoperatively. Three years after their operations, 43/135 patients (31.8%) were diagnosed with dementia. A greater portion of patients diagnosed with dementia (39/43, 90.6%) than patients with no dementia (36/92, 39.1%) were included among the 75 patients who had experienced POD (P < 0.001). In a logistic regression model, after adjustment for covariates (age, sex, diabetes, delirium pre‐and postoperatively, hyperactive delirium, days with delirium, urinary tract infection, and Mini Nutritional Assessment score), POD emerged an independent predictor for the development of new dementia (odds ratio, 15.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.6–91.6) within 3 years after the operation.ConclusionGeriatric hip fracture patients who exhibit POD should be monitored closely for the development of dementia.
Apathy in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A marker of reversible gait disorders
Authors: Allali Gilles , Laidet Magali , Armand Stéphane , Saj Arnaud , Krack Paul , Assal Frédéric 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveApathy—the most common behavioral disturbance in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH)—is associated with poor gait, but the role of apathy on gait improvement after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tapping has not been studied yet. This study aims to compare gait improvement after CSF tapping in iNPH patients with and without apathy.MethodsStride time variability (STV), a marker of higher level of gait control, was measured in 33 iNPH patients (78.4 ± 5.7 years; 36.4% women) with an optoelectronic system during usual walking (single task) and during walking while dual tasking of counting and verbal fluency before and 24 hours after CSF tapping. Apathy was defined by a score ≥14 on the Starkstein apathy scale.ResultsApathy was present in 60.6% of patients. Cerebrospinal fluid tapping led to greater improvement of STV (ie, decrease) during dual‐task walking (and more specifically categorical verbal fluency) in apathetic compared to nonapathetic patients (−44.7 ± 58.1% versus +4.24 ± 67.6%, respectively; P = .040), even after adjusting for age and depressive symptoms. More severe apathy was correlated with better STV improvement while dual tasking (categorical verbal fluency) after CSF tapping (r = −0.412; P‐value = 0.021), while it was not correlated with improvement on executive tests.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the presence of apathy is a predictor of better outcomes of gait disorders after CSF tapping in patients with iNPH.
HMGB1‐induced asthmatic airway inflammation through GRP75‐mediated enhancement of ER‐mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer and ROS increased
Authors: Lv Yanhua , Li Yanli , Zhang Dandan , Zhang Anbing , Guo Weihong , Zhu Shunfang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImbalanced T‐helper (TH)1/Th2 response contributes significantly to asthma pathogenesis. Our study indicated that HMGB1 play an important role in the release of Th2‐associated cytokines of asthma. However, the specific mechanism about HMGB1‐induced imbalanced TH1/Th2 response is not known. In vivo, an OVA‐induced asthma mouse model was set up and mice treated with anti‐HMGB1 IgG. The mice treated with the anti‐HMGB1 IgG ameliorated airway hyper‐reactivity, disruption of Th1/Th2 balance and the upregulation of GRP75 induced by OVA. In vitro, the exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial cells to HMGB1 resulted in the upregulation of GRP75, proinflammatory cytokine production, enhanced ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer, and enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While HMGB1‐induced these changes were attenuated by GRP75 siRNA treatment. Sequentially, pretreatment with 2‐APB, SKF960365 (SKF) and Ru360 which inhibit ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer significantly lowered HMGB1‐induced the generation of ROS and the release of Th2 cytokines in 16HBE cells. Meanwhile, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the HMGB1‐mediated pro‐inflammatory cytokines release. Therefore, these results indicate that GRP75‐mediated ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer may be an important contributor in imbalanced of Th1/Th2 balance of asthma. Moreover, HMGB1 specifically induces the release of Th2 cytokines through GRP75‐mediated enhancement of ER‐Mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer and ROS increased.
Intra‐annual variability of heat wave episodes over the east coast of India
Authors: Sandeep A. , Prasad V. S. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIndia is very prone to heat waves during April–June. The intra‐annual variability of heat wave episodes over the east coast of India has been studied using 16‐year NCMRWF global forecast system (NGFS) retrospective data. The objective of this study is threefold: (1) identification of heat wave episodes over the east coast of India, (2) intra‐annual variability of heat wave episodes, and (3) which physical mechanism(s) is responsible for its occurrence and long‐lasting? A total of ten heat wave episodes (100 hot days) were obtained for the period 2000–2015. The intensity of heat wave is found to be maximum (minimum) for 2015 (2007) episode. The average duration of heat wave episodes was 10 days, with the longest episode lasting for 20 days in the year 2003. Moreover, an average duration of severe heat wave is 3.5 days longer than that of a normal heat wave. The common feature observed in all heat wave cases is the presence of anticyclone in the upper troposphere and associated persistence high. This can cause sinking motion, which leads to surface warming due to adiabatic compression. The lack of soil moisture (SM) induces a positive feedback between the surface and the air above it, which amplifies the sensible heating and thereby increases surface temperature. The prevailed westerly anomalies over the study region which reduce the land–sea breeze result in heat wave. The heat wave episodes exhibit a significant intra‐annual variability. Intensity of heat waves averaged over the east coast of India has shown an increase of 0.06 °C per heat wave. The geopotential height anomaly, vertical velocity, and SM exhibit significant intra‐annual variability between the episodes and become decisive parameters for the maintenance and variability. The correlation coefficient between the maximum temperature and SM is found to be −0.56, indicating the importance of SM regulating the intensity of heat waves.
Game Changer in Soil Science. Functional role of clay minerals in soil
Authors: Churchman G. Jock 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDefining soil clay minerals as all inorganic particles < 2 µm would enhance their predictive power for soil functions. The future task is to unravel the prominent functional role of clay associations in the “ultimate particles” in soils–microaggregates. High energy techniques and decomposition of XRD patterns offer the prospect of understanding associations of silicates, oxides and organic matter within microaggregates.
Development and validation of an analytical method for multiresidue determination of pesticides in lettuce using QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Ribeiro Begnini Konatu Fernanda , Sales Fontes Jardim Isabel Cristina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new analytical method for multiresidue determination of 16 multiclass pesticides in lettuce was developed using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole mass analyzer and positive mode electrospray ionization, using a previously optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for sample preparation. Validation studies, according to document SANTE/11945/2015, demonstrated that the developed method is selective, accurate, and precise, providing recoveries of 70–120%, relative standard deviations ≤20% and quantification limits from 3 μg/kg. The method was compared with one based on high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, in terms of chromatographic performance, detectability and matrix effect for five varieties of lettuce. The new method provided a reduction in the time for the chromatographic analysis of 50%, from 30 to 15 min, using a lower mobile phase flow rate (0.147 mL/min), which reduced the consumption of mobile phase by 25%, and injection of smaller amounts of sample (1.7 μL). Lower limits of quantification were obtained for almost all pesticides studied for green‐leaf lettuce. However, in relation to the matrix effect, four of the five types of lettuce studied presented higher matrix effects.
Cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐based chiral stationary phase for the enantioseparation of drugs in supercritical fluid chromatography: comparison with HPLC
Authors: Kalíková Květa , Martínková Monika , Schmid Martin G. , Tesařová Eva 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐based chiral stationary phase was studied as a tool for the enantioselective separation of 21 selected analytes with different pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties. The enantioseparations were performed using supercritical fluid chromatography. The effect of the mobile phase composition was studied. Four different additives (diethylamine, triethylamine, isopropylamine, and trifluoroacetic acid) and isopropylamine combined with trifluoroacetic acid were tested and their influence on enantioseparation was compared. The influence of two different mobile phase co‐solvents (methanol and propan‐2‐ol) combined with all the additives was also evaluated. The best mobile phase compositions for the separation of the majority of enantiomers were CO2/methanol/isopropylamine 80:20:0.1 v/v/v or CO2/propan‐2‐ol/isopropylamine/trifluoroacetic acid 80:20:0.05:0.05 v/v/v/v. The best results were obtained from the group of basic β‐blockers. A high‐performance liquid chromatography separation system composed of the same stationary phase and mobile phase of similar properties prepared as a mixture of hexane/propan‐2‐ol/additive 80:20:0.1 v/v/v was considered for comparison. Supercritical fluid chromatography was found to yield better results, i.e. better enantioresolution for shorter analysis times than high‐performance liquid chromatography. However, examples of enantiomers better resolved under the optimized conditions in high‐performance liquid chromatography were also found.
Comparison of commercial organic polymer‐based and silica‐based monolithic columns using mixtures of analytes differing in size and chemistry
Authors: Vyviurska Olga , Lv Yongqin , Mann Benjamin F. , Svec Frantisek 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCommercially available silica‐based monolithic columns Chromolith RP‐8e, Chromolith RP‐18, and Chromolith HR RP‐18, and polymer‐based monolithic columns ProSwift RP‐1S, ProSwift RP‐2H, and ProSwift RP‐3U varying in pore size and bonded phase have been tested for the fast separation of selected sets of analytes. These mixtures of analytes included small molecules (uracil, caffeine, 1‐phenylethanol, butyl paraben, and anthracene), acylated insulins, and intact proteins (ribonuclease A, cytochrome C, transferrin, apomyoglobin, and thyroglobulin), and covered wide range of chemistries and sizes. Small molecules were well separated with a height equivalent to theoretical plate of 11–26 μm using silica‐based monolithic columns, while organic polymer‐based monoliths excelled in the fast sub 1 min baseline separations of large molecules. A peak capacity of 37 was found for separation of acylated insulins on Chromolith columns using a 3 min gradient at a flow rate of 3 ml/min. Poor recovery of proteins from Chromolith columns and significant peak tailing of small molecules using ProSwift columns were the major obstacles in using monolithic columns in those applications.
Effects of environmental factors on soil organic carbon under natural or managed vegetation restoration
Authors: Hu Pei‐Lei , Liu Shu‐Juan , Ye Ying‐Ying , Zhang Wei , Wang Ke‐Lin , Su Yi‐Rong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo expand the scientific understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in restored ecosystems, we used 246 soil samples from a rocky catchment (10.24 km2) in an ecologically fragile karst area of southwest China and measured the effects of environmental factors under different vegetation restoration types (managed, including forage grassland and plantation forest, or natural, including grassland, shrubland, and secondary forest) on soil organic carbon content (SOCC) and soil organic carbon density (SOCD). Significantly higher SOCC and SOCD were found in natural vegetation than in managed vegetation and tillage land but no differences in SOCC or SOCD were detected between managed vegetation and tillage land. The environmental factors include rock outcrop ratio (ROR), bulk density, altitude, soil depth, slope gradient, and pH, all showing significant effect on SOC. The proportion of variations in SOCC and SOCD explained by environmental factors was higher in natural vegetation restoration than in managed vegetation restoration, and this proportion increased along the successional gradient. However, the environmental factors driving variations in SOCC and SOCD differed according to vegetation type. Soil bulk density had the strongest effect on SOCC variation in all vegetation types, except for forage grassland, in which the variation was instead controlled by ROR. The variation of SOCD was mainly driven by ROR in most vegetation types, except for tillage land and forage grassland, in which the driving factor was altitude. This results indicated that natural vegetation restoration is more beneficial to SOC sequestration than managed vegetation restoration and thus for mitigating global climate change. Accordingly, future studies should take these different environmental drivers under different vegetation restoration types into consideration when modeling SOC and guiding restoration management.
Enhancement of the Insulation Properties of Poly(2‐oxazoline)‐co‐Polyester Networks by the Addition of Nanofillers
Authors: Eibel Alexander , Marx Philipp , Jin Huifei , Tsekmes Ioannis‐Alexandros , Mühlbacher Inge , Smit Johan J. , Kern Wolfgang , Wiesbrock Frank 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCopoly(2‐nonyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐stat‐poly(2‐dec‐9′enyl‐2‐oxazoline)s can be crosslinked by the thiol‐ene reaction with glycol dimercaptoacetate. The copoly(2‐oxazoline)‐stat‐copolyester is tested as dielectric for high‐voltage applications, either as unfilled resin or as composite with nanoscaled fillers of silica, alumina, and hexagonal boron nitride. During AC voltage tests, all materials have an average breakdown strength of 45–50 kV mm−1. For DC voltage tests, samples with SiO2 (hBN) have an average breakdown strength of ≈100 (80) kV mm−1, while the unfilled copoly(2‐oxazoline) has an average breakdown strength of ≈60 kV mm−1. Permittivity measurements at 20 °C and 50 Hz reveal that all nanocomposites are dielectrics (D = 0.06–0.08), while the unfilled copoly(2‐oxazoline)s has a high loss factor of D = 8.43. This phenomenon can be retraced to the phase separation in the crosslinked copolymer, the M‐OH functionality of silica and alumina particles, and models of polymer–particle interactions such as the Tanaka model, revealing that the nanofillers reduce the interfacial and dipolar polarizability.
Mit Zucker gegen Bösartiges
Authors: Seibel Jürgen , Grimm Clemens , Bechold Julian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEine neue komplexe Zuckerstruktur dockt spezifisch an das Tumorprotein Galektin‐1 an. Als Target sind Galektine schon länger bekannt, nun könnten sie helfen, Krebs zu erkennen.
50 Jahre Mitgliedschaft in der CG/GDCh – Wir gratulieren!
Authors: Bräutigam Maximilian , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Koch Wolfram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZu Beginn des Jahres 2018 gratulieren wir herzlich unseren Kolleginnen und Kollegen zu ihren Goldenen Jubiläen in der GDCh bzw. zu ihren 50‐jährigen Mitgliedschaften in der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR (CG) und nach der Wiedervereinigung in der GDCh:
Successful treatment of psychosis in dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy with quetiapine: A case report
Authors: Narita Zui , Sumiyoshi Tomiki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionPatients with dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) sometimes elicit psychosis. First‐generation antipsychotic drugs have been reported to be effective in treating psychotic symptoms associated with the disease. However, little information is available on the benefits of second‐generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs).CaseWe report on a 47‐year‐old man with DRPLA whose psychotic symptoms were effectively treated with quetiapine, one of the SGAs. He suffered from delusions, auditory hallucinations, and disorganized speech. Initially, other antipsychotic drugs were tried, but were withdrawn because of adverse effects before switching to quetiapine.ConclusionOur observations add to the notion that some of the SGAs are useful for ameliorating psychosis in DRPLA.