bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving performance and ocular activity following acute administration of 10 mg methylphenidate: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Aitken Blair , Downey Luke A , Rose Serah , Arkell Thomas R , Shiferaw Brook , Hayley Amie C 
Published: October 2024

Background: Methylphenidate is a routinely prescribed treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with misuse potential owing to its perceived performance-enhancing and euphoric properties. Although clinically effective, there is limited understanding of how methylphenidate affects safety-sensitive tasks such as driving when used by healthy individuals. Aim: Explore the acute effects of 10 mg methylphenidate on driving performance and gaze behaviour. Methods: Twenty-five fully licensed, healthy adults (mean age = 33.5 ± 7.8 years, 64% male) took part in two 40-min simulated highway drives with simultaneous eye movements monitored using a proprietary automotive-grade driver monitoring system (Seeing Machines). Driving performance was assessed using the standard deviation of lateral position, standard deviation of speed and steering variability. Visual scanning efficiency was determined using ocular metrics, such as fixation duration and rate, gaze transition entropy, and stationary gaze entropy, were assessed to determine visual scanning efficiency. Results: Methylphenidate significantly improved driving performance by reducing lane weaving and speed variation, particularly in the latter half of the drive. Although a significant reduction in fixation duration was observed, all other ocular metrics remained unchanged. Conclusions: Methylphenidate mitigates performance decrements typically associated with prolonged and monotonous driving. The absence of pronounced oculomotor effects suggests that a single 10 mg dose of methylphenidate has no deleterious impact on visual scanning behaviour during driving tasks with low-to-moderate cognitive demand. Future research should investigate the effects of methylphenidate under various dosing and driving conditions to better understand its impact. Trial Registration: ACTRN12620000499987.
Visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio predicts early postoperative small bowel obstruction after total gastrectomy for cardia cancer
Authors: Fan Changfeng , Yang Hailu 
Published: October 2024

Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between the visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio (V/S ratio) and incidence of early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) following total gastrectomy for cardia cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis among patients with cardia cancer who underwent elective total gastrectomy with esophagojejunostomy Roux-en-Y anastomosis at Nanjing Yimin Hospital between November 2019 and April 2024. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were meticulously monitored. The V/S ratio was calculated using computed tomography scans at the umbilical level with Slice-O-Matic software (Tomovision, Montreal, Canada). Statistical analyses included logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Among 175 patients, 27 (15.4%) developed EPSBO. The V/S ratio was significantly higher in the EPSBO group (1.76 ± 1.05 vs. 1.01 ± 0.54). Logistic regression identified the V/S ratio as a significant predictor of EPSBO (odds ratio [OR] = 1.612, 95% [CI]: 1.102–1.605). ROC curve analysis demonstrated high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (100%) for the V/S ratio in predicting EPSBO, with a 0.83 AUC. Conclusions Our findings indicated a higher V/S ratio was a significant predictor of EPSBO following total gastrectomy for cardia cancer. Preoperative assessment of the V/S ratio can inform risk stratification and guide targeted interventions to improve postoperative outcomes.
Comparing Recurrence Rates and the Cost-Effectiveness of Arthroscopic Labral Repair and Nonoperative Management for Primary Anterior Shoulder Dislocations in Young Patients: A Decision-Analytic Markov Model-Based Analysis
Authors: Oeding Jacob F. , Schulz William R. , Wang Allen S. , Krych Aaron J. , Taylor Dean C. , Samuelsson Kristian , Camp Christopher L. , Tagliero Adam J. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Value-based decision-making regarding nonoperative management versus early surgical stabilization for first-time anterior shoulder instability (ASI) events remains understudied. Purpose: To perform (1) a systematic review of the current literature and (2) a Markov model–based cost-effectiveness analysis comparing an initial trial of nonoperative management to arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) for first-time ASI. Study Design: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A Markov chain Monte Carlo probabilistic model was developed to evaluate the outcomes and costs of 1000 simulated patients (mean age, 20 years; range, 12-26 years) with first-time ASI undergoing nonoperative management versus ABR. Utility values, recurrence rates, and transition probabilities were derived from the published literature. Costs were determined based on the typical patient undergoing each treatment strategy at the authors’ institution. Outcome measures included costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: The Markov model with Monte Carlo microsimulation demonstrated mean (± standard deviation) 10-year costs for nonoperative management and ABR of $38,649 ± $10,521 and $43,052 ± $9352, respectively. Total QALYs acquired over the 10-year time horizon were 7.67 ± 0.43 and 8.44 ± 0.46 for nonoperative management and ABR, respectively. The ICER comparing ABR with nonoperative management was found to be just $5725/QALY, which falls substantially below the $50,000 willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold. The mean numbers of recurrences were 2.55 ± 0.31 and 1.17 ± 0.18 for patients initially assigned to the nonoperative and ABR treatment groups, respectively. Of 1000 samples run over 1000 trials, ABR was the optimal strategy in 98.7% of cases, with nonoperative management the optimal strategy in 1.3% of cases. Conclusion: ABR reduces the risk for recurrent dislocations and is more cost-effective despite higher upfront costs when compared with nonoperative management for first-time ASI in the young patient. While all these factors are important to consider in surgical decision-making, ultimate treatment decisions should be made on an individual basis and occur through a shared decision-making process.
Graphene, graphene oxide or modified graphene in polyaniline based nanocomposites—features and technical highlights
Authors: Kausar Ayesha 
Published: October 2024

Polyaniline is a remarkable conjugated polymer having valuable structural and physical characteristics. Nevertheless, polyaniline has poor solubility and structural durability which had limited its practical utilization. Consequently, polyaniline has been reinforced with carbonaceous and inorganic nanoparticles to enhance its processability and physical properties, such as electrical/thermal conductivity and thermal/mechanical stability. Accordingly, polyaniline has been applied as a valuable matrix material to form nanocomposites with graphene which is a one atom thick nanosheet of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms. Subsequently, graphene as well as modified graphene forms have been utilized as important nanoadditives for the polyaniline matrix. This state-of-the-art review article has been designed to investigate the fabrication, characteristics, and applications of the polyaniline and graphene/modified graphene based nanomaterials. Potential enhancements in the physical characteristics of the pristine polyaniline upon graphene reinforcement seemed to be reliant upon the matrix-nanofiller interactions, interface formation, and synergetic effects between polyaniline-graphene. Subsequently, practical aspects of the polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites have been discussed regarding their applications in the fields of solar cells, supercapacitors, and sensors. According to the literature analysis, dye sensitized solar cell based on polyaniline/graphene and polyaniline/graphene oxide exhibited superior power conversion efficiencies ∼2.0-7.6 % and open circuit voltage ∼500-800 mV. Supercapacitor electrodes based on polyaniline/graphene oxide and polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide showed significantly high values of specific capacitance and capacitance retention of ∼1100-1900 Fg−1and ∼80-98 %, respectively, during >5000-6000 cycles. Besides, the polyaniline/graphene oxide depicted superior sensitivity and response time for gas sensors (∼20 % and 50 s, respectively) and humidity sensors (>90 % and 4-7 s, respectively) and low detection limits for biosensors.
Comprehensive Profiling of Transcriptome and m6A Epitranscriptome Uncovers the Neurotoxic Effects of Yunaconitine on HT22 Cells
Authors: Lin Beian , Zhang Jian , Chen Mengting , Gao Xinyue , Wen Jiaxin , Tian Kun , Wu Yajiao , Chen Zekai , Yang Qiaomei , Zhu An , Du Chunhong 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore different mRNA transcriptome patterns and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) alteration in yunaconitine (YA)-treated HT22 mouse hippocampal neuron, and uncover the role of abnormal mRNA expression and RNA m6A modification in YA-induced neurotoxicity. Methods: HT22 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, and 50 μM of YA for 72 h to evaluate their viability and GSH content. Subsequently, mRNA-seq and MeRIP-seq analyses were performed on HT22 cells treated with 0 and 10 μM YA for 72 h, and molecular docking was used to simulate interactions between YA and differentially expressed m6A regulators. The mitochondrial membrane potential was examined using the JC-10 probe, and RT-qPCR was conducted to verify the expression levels of differentially expressed m6A regulatory factors, as well as to assess alterations in the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes. Results: YA treatment significantly reduced the viability of HT22 cells and decreased GSH content. The mRNA-seq analysis obtained 1018 differentially expressed genes, KEGG and GO enrichment results of differentially expressed genes mainly comprise the nervous system development, cholinergic synapse, response to oxidative stress, and mitochondrial inner membrane. A total of 7 differentially expressed m6A regulators were identified by MeRIP-seq. Notably, molecular docking results suggested a stable interaction between YA and most of the differentially expressed m6A regulators. Conclusion: This study showed that YA-induced HT22 cell damage was associated with the increased methylation modification level of target gene m6A and abnormal expression of m6A regulators.
Comparison and Analysis of Clinical Features of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Complicated With Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Zheng Ke , Mao Jingxin 
Published: October 2024

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) combined with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is more common in clinical practice, maybe posing a serious threat to the health of patients. It is uncertain whether HT is a risk factor or protective factor for PTC. The aim of the study was to retrospectively explore the effect of HT on the biological behavior of PTC. Methods: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Among them, 100 patients with PTC without HT were in the control group (PTC group), and 100 cases diagnosed as PTC with HT were in the experimental group (HT + PTC group). The following data were counted and analyzed, respectively: (1) the basic clinicopathologic characteristics of patients; (2) postoperative thyroid function indicators; (3) blood biochemical indicators; (4) liver function indicators; and (5) histopathological report. Results: Compared with the PTC group, women were predominant in the PTC + HT group ( P < .05). In addition, the central lymph node metastasis rate, the number of cervical lymph node metastases, and the lateral cervical lymph node metastasis rate were significantly decreased ( P < .05). Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) of the thyroid function index were significantly increased, while the thyroglobulin (TG) value was significantly decreased ( P < .05). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of the liver function index was significantly decreased, while the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was significantly increased ( P < .05). In the pathological examination, a large number of mononuclear cells infiltrated in the lymphocyte follicular stroma. In an ultrasound examination, the boundary definition rate is lower. Conclusion: Women may be more susceptible to PTC or PTC and HT than men. Patients under 55 years old accounted for a larger proportion in PTC + HT than PTC. Hashimoto thyroiditis may play an inhibitory role in the occurrence of PTC, and the presence of HT is a protective factor for PTC.
‘I wouldn’t want one or the other’: Understanding parents’ preferences for direct support or parent coaching for young autistic children
Authors: Jordan Phoebe , Wallace-Watkin Carla , Tupou Jessica , Pillar Sarah , Waddington Hannah 
Published: October 2024

There has been considerable research into the barriers and facilitators of coaching parents of autistic children. However, little is known about parents’ preferences for this approach compared to support provided directly by a clinician to an autistic or potentially autistic child. This study aimed to examine parents’ relative preferences for parent coaching and direct clinician support. A total of 22 families who had received both approaches for their autistic child quantitatively indicated which they preferred. We then used semi-structured interviews with 11 of these participating parents to further investigate the reasons underlying these preferences. We used multiple methods to ensure trustworthiness and credibility. Four themes were identified through template analysis: (1) ‘I wouldn’t want one without the other’, (2) ‘It forced me outside my comfort zone’, (3) ‘It’s just about different types of learners’ and (4) ‘If our child is happy, then we are happy’. Overall, results indicated that parents appreciated characteristics of both approaches and felt that they complimented each other in helping themselves and their child. However, when forced to choose, parents generally expressed a preference for direct support. Many parents discussed their belief that their child experienced more enjoyment and progressed further through direct support. These findings emphasise the importance of honouring families’ preferences in the delivery of supports. Lay abstract Professionals often support autistic children by working with them directly (direct support) or by coaching their parents. We know a lot about what parents think about parent coaching, but we do not know as much about what they think about direct support. We also do not know whether parents prefer parent coaching or direct support. The current study involved 22 parents who each received 2 h a week of direct support for their autistic child and up to 1 h a week of parent coaching for 6 months. At the end of 6 months, all these parents indicated in a survey whether they preferred parent coaching or direct support. Eleven of these participating parents also chose to take part in an interview to understand more about these preferences. Our findings suggest that parents generally liked both supports and believed they worked well together; however, they preferred direct support over parent coaching. While parents think that both approaches are beneficial, there are strengths and challenges of each. These findings emphasise the importance of parent choice in the delivery of support. It may also be possible to adapt both approaches to address some of the identified challenges and improve the whole family’s experience.
Parent concerns prior to an assessment of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Solia Dominique , Albarqouni Loai , Stehlik Paulina , Conroy Antonia , Thomas Rae 
Published: October 2024

Some parents experience concerns relating to their child’s development and seek clinical assessments for their child’s behaviour. We sought to understand the concerns that led parents to seek a general clinical assessment where some children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. We conducted a systematic review to identify the types of parent concerns that drives parents to seek professional help for their child’s development. Database searching identified 7587 records, where 10 studies (9 cohorts) met our inclusion criteria. Parent reported concerns were categorised using the coding schemes of included studies described as autism spectrum disorder–specific (i.e. communication, social or stereotyped behaviour concerns) or non-autism spectrum disorder–specific concerns (i.e. behaviour/temperament, developmental, medical, sensory or motor concerns). The most reported parental concerns prior to an assessment were speech and language, social and behavioural. Concerns were also reported relating to parent understandings of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and the positive and negative implications surrounding the autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Data were reported descriptively due to variations in study design and data analyses. Additional rigorous research on parent concerns prior to a diagnostic autism spectrum disorder assessment is required to capture what drives parents to seek professional help to support their child’s development. Prospero registration number: CRD42022307436 Lay abstract When a parent has concerns about their child’s development, there is a lag between seeking and receiving health information. When waiting, parents may speculate about a possible diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, but it is unclear what types of concerns might drive this speculation. To determine the types of concerns parents may have before their child is assessed, we conducted a systematic review that explored parent concerns before an autism spectrum disorder assessment. Our aim was to determine the types of concerns that might drive parents to seek medical help for their child’s development. Four online databases were searched and 10 articles reporting on 9 studies matched our inclusion criteria. In these cohorts, parents reported autism spectrum disorder–specific concerns (i.e. communication, social or stereotyped behaviour concerns) or non-autism spectrum disorder–specific concerns (i.e. behaviour/temperament, developmental, medical, sensory or motor concerns). Some parents also reported on their positive and negative thoughts of a potential autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and what the diagnosis would mean to them. The most reported parental concerns before an assessment were speech and language, social and behavioural. To understand the types of concerns parents have once they seek medical help, further research into how families speculated a possible autism spectrum disorder is recommended.
Significance of cerebral microinfarcts in antiphospholipid syndrome: A population-based study
Authors: Naftali Jonathan , Barnea Rani , Eliahou Ruth , Saliba Walid , Bloch Sivan , Findler Michael , Brauner Ran , Shochat Tzippy , Leader Avi , Auriel Eitan 
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is the most common neurological manifestations of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Incidental diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) positive subcortical and cortical lesions, or acute incidental cerebral microinfarcts (CMI), are microscopic ischemic lesions, detectable on MRI for 10–14 days only. We aimed to look at the prevalence of acute incidental CMI in a cohort of patients with APS and their association with subsequent AIS or TIA. Methods: This is a population-based cohort study of adults with APS diagnosis using International Statistical Classification-9 (ICD-9) and supporting laboratory results between January 2014 and April 2020. We included any patient undergoing brain MRI (index event) during the year prior APS diagnosis or at any time point following diagnosis. Age-matched subjects with negative APS laboratory workup were used as a control group. In the first analysis, we compared acute incidental CMI prevalence in both groups. We then performed a second analysis among APS patients only, comparing patients with and without acute incidental CMI for AIS or TIA as the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazards models used to calculate hazards ratio (HR) and 4 years cumulative risk. Results: 292 patients were included, of which, 207 patients with APS. Thirteen patients with APS had acute incidental CMI on MRI (6.3%), compared with none in the control group ( p = 0.013). Following multivariable analysis, APS was the sole factor associated with acute incidental CMI ( p = 0.026). During a median follow-up of 4 years (IQR 3.5, 4) in patients with APS, following multivariable analysis, acute incidental CMI was associated with subsequent AIS or TIA (HR 6.73 [(95% CI, 1.96–23.11], p < 0.01). Conclusion: Acute incidental CMI are more common among patients with APS than in patients with negative APS tests, and are associated with subsequent AIS or TIA. Detecting acute incidental CMI in patients with APS may guide etiological workup and reevaluation of antithrombotic regimen.
Waveform Analysis To Identify Biomechanical Relationships and Differences Between Softball Pitchers With and Without Pain
Authors: Friesen Kenzie B. , Giordano Kevin A. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Softball pitchers accrue high rates of injury. Research suggests certain mechanics at discrete pitch events are related with pain. Here, we examine relationships between peak throwing shoulder kinetics and trunk/pelvis kinematics and compare trunk/pelvis kinematics between pitchers who were healthy and those currently experiencing pain. Hypothesis: (1) Peak shoulder kinetics would be positively related to greater trunk and pelvis flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation; and (2) pitchers in pain would exhibit greater trunk and pelvis flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation during the pitch than those who were pain-free. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 42 high school pitchers (height, 1.71 ± 0.06 m; weight, 75.0 ± 15.9 kg; age, 16 ± 2 years) were separated into 2 groups based on presence or absence of pain. Peak kinetic data from 3 pitches per pitcher were averaged and used as dependent variables. Kinematic data were averaged across 3 trials, and time normalized to 101 datapoints between foot contact and follow-through of the pitch. Statistical parametric mapping regressions were used to assess the relationships between peak shoulder kinetics and waveform of trunk and pelvis kinematics. Results: Pelvic lateral tilt significantly predicted peak throwing shoulder superior ( P = 0.05) and lateral ( P = 0.04) force. Pelvis rotation predicted peak superior force ( P = 0.02). Waveform analyses revealed no waveform differences between healthy pitchers and those currently experiencing pain. Conclusion: Peak shoulder kinetic variables are related with pelvic positioning during the pitch; however, trunk and pelvis kinematics do not differ according to presence of pain. Clinical Relevance: Pitchers in pain do not adopt specific trunk and pelvic alterations during the pitch, potentially concealing the effects of pain from visual identification. Coaches and clinicians need to discuss health status with pitchers versus relying on visual observations to understand pain and injury risk.