bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Relationships between Bilirubin Concentrations and the Gut Microbiota in the Neonatal Period: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Zhongyuan , Zhang Yan , Peng Lihua , Zou Liping , Wang Yangyang , Luo Xi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice affects 60% of term infants and 80% of preterm infants and is the leading cause of hospitalization in the first year of life. The gut flora is involved in bilirubin metabolism in the host. We conducted a pilot prospective cohort study in Chinese neonates to investigate the correlation between dynamic changes in the gut microbiota and bilirubin concentrations during the neonatal period. Bilirubin concentrations were monitored daily throughout the neonatal period. Fecal samples were collected from neonates on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after birth. The composition of the gut microbiome was assessed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal samples. Thirty neonates were included in the final analysis. Changes in the abundances of the genera Parabacteroides, Streptococcus, and Rothia were positively correlated with bilirubin concentrations throughout the neonatal period, whereas Comamonas wasnegatively correlated (all p < 0.01). The abundances of the genera Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Corynebacterium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Blautia, and Atopobium werepositively correlated with the bilirubin concentration on days 3 to 7, whereas those of Ampullimonas and Rothia were negatively correlated. Additionally, the abundances of the genera Muribaculaceae and Lachnoclostridium were positively correlated with the maximum bilirubin concentration during the neonatal period, whereas Rothia and Ampullimonas were negatively correlated (all p < 0.05). A correlation was found between dynamic changes in the gut microbiome and neonatal bilirubin concentrations during the neonatal period. The identified genera might be potential markers or targets for intervention in hyperbilirubinemia.
Dietary Inflammatory Index is intensity-dependently associated with the Bone Mineral Density at the Lumbar Spine: A Cross- Sectional NHANES Study from 2007 to 2020
Authors: Jiang Ying , Chou Xinyue , Du Siyu , Zeng Yimiao , Zhang Zihao , Yang Tianchang , Sun Zhipeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a tool to assess bone health. Dietary inflammation index (DII) is an index to reflect the inflammatory effect of a diet. Even though the association between DII and BMD have been extensively studied, the outcome remains controversial. This study aims to reveal the relationship between DII and lumbar spine BMD in both the whole population and in postmenopausal women.
Methods
We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2020 and included 27027 participants after exclusion procedure. Smooth curve fitting and multivariate regression analysis were used both in the entire population and later in the subgroup analysis.
Results
In the entire population, the smooth curve fitting revealed a non-linear association with both declining and increasing trends between DII and lumbar spine BMD. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that, after adjustment, the median DII and BMD was negatively associated and the high DII and BMD was positively associated. In postmenopausal women, smooth curve fitting suggested an inverted U-shaped relationship between DII and BMD. We also observed a positive correlation between low DII and lumbar spine BMD.
Conclusions
DII has both positive and negative relationship with lumbar spine BMD in both the entire population and menopausal women, depending on the intensity of DII. The different trends of the smooth curve fitting may be explained by the low-inflammation state in postmenopausal women mediated by estrogen but more evidence is needed to explain the reason.
Harnessing Large Language Models to Uncover Insights in Diabetes Wearable Data
Authors: Alavi Arash , Cha Kexin , Esfarjani Delara P , Patel Bhavesh , Than Jennifer Li Pook , Lee Aaron Y. , Nebeker Camille , Snyder Michael , Bahmani Amir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention and are increasingly used by researchers. Concurrently, publicly accessible datasets containing individual-level health information are becoming more available. Some of these datasets, such as the recently released Artificial Intelligence Ready and Equitable Atlas for Diabetes Insights (AI-READI) dataset, include individual-level data from digital wearable technologies. The application of LLMs to gain insights about health from wearable sensor data specific to diabetes is underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of multiple LLMs, including GPT-3.5, GPT-4, GPT-4o, Gemini, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Claude 3 Sonnet, on various diabetes research tasks using diverse prompting methods to evaluate their performance and gain new insights into diabetes and glucose dysregulation. Notably, GPT-4o showed promising performance across tasks with a chain-of-thought prompt design (aggregate performance score of 95.5%). Moreover, using this model, we identified new insights from the dataset, such as the heightened sensitivity to stress among diabetic participants during glucose level fluctuations, which underscores the complex interplay between metabolic and psychological factors. These results demonstrate that LLMs can enhance the pace of discovery and also enable automated interpretation of data for users of wearable devices, including both the research team and the individual wearing the device. Meanwhile, we also emphasize the critical limitations, such as privacy and ethical risks and dataset biases, that must be resolved for real-world application in diabetes health settings. This study highlights the potential and challenges of integrating LLMs into diabetes research and, more broadly, wearables, paving the way for future healthcare advancements, particularly in disadvantaged communities.
Impact of fruits and vegetables consumption on cardio-metabolic health - a case control study
Authors: El-Shaheed Azza Abd , Mahfouz Nermine N. , Hamid May M. Abdel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is recommended to consume more than four hundred grams of (fruits + vegetables) per day to enhance healthful lifestyle and to lower the incidence of cardio-metabolic illnesses. Their low glycemic index helps prevent spikes in blood sugar, consequently controlling hunger. Our aim was to study the reflection of the intake of fruits and that of vegetables on cardio-metabolic risks in obese children.
Results
A case-control research enrolled 90 Egyptian children (44 obese, 46 normal weight control children) aged from 5–11 years. Thirty-three out of forty-six controls (71.7%) consumed vegetables on a daily basis compared to only twenty-seven (61.4%) among cases. As regards fruits, the daily consumption was frequented more among the obese group 25 (58.1%) and less frequented among the control group. Daily intake of vegetables was not associated with lower risks of increased levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), LDL/HDL ratio, Triglycerides/HDL ratio and Triglycerides/glucose ratio. P values were as follow 0.363, 0.774, 0.947,0.211, 0.714, 0.093 and 0.736. Not only vegetables but also daily intake of fruits was not associated with lower risks of high fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, Triglycerides/HDL ratio and Triglycerides/glucose ratio. P value was as follows: 0.292, 0.663, 0.663, 0.32, 0.34, 0.062 and 0.219 respectively.
Conclusion
The role of fruits and vegetables is still debatable, our findings showed no significant associations between the frequency of their consumption and obesity, hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia.
THERANOVA-LIM: Improving knowledge of oral therapies for patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Boucheteil Marion , Leobon Sophie , Baffert Kim-Arthur , HUET Soline , Darbas Tiffany , brun-Ly Valérie Le , Pestre Julia , Peyramaure Clémentine , Thuillier Frédéric , Venat Laurence , Jost Jérémy , Touati Mohamed , Deluche Elise 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent developments in oral chemotherapy and targeted therapies have radically changed the way in which cancer patients are managed. Ambulatory care is now common, associated with the development of organizations that foster, secure home treatments, and reinforce the city hospital link.
Methods
THERANOVA-LIM (NCT04931329), a prospective study, assessed the satisfaction of healthcare professionals and patients who benefited from improved access to information on appropriate drug use imparted by a drug vigilance card or a prescription with a QR code connected to specific website. Patients had access to advice sheets associated with the molecules used in the therapy, and information sheet to help manage side-effects. Before setting up this programme, a practice assessment survey was carried out among healthcare professionals to understand their needs in terms of prescribing oral therapies.
Results
An e-questionnaire was used to explore the practices and expectations of retail pharmacists, Only 40% stated that they felt comfortable when managing patients on oral therapy which was the starting point for the study. A total of 128 patients were included in the study. Patients received one or other of the systems : 55 received “medication vigilance card” group and 73 a “prescription with QR code”. The median age was 69 years (range 37–90 years); 85 women and 43 men. The three most common cancers were breast (37.5%), prostate (14.1%), and brain (10.9%) cancers. The vast majority of patients had metastatic cancer (90%). The four most prescribed drugs were capecitabine (21.1%), ribociclib (11.7%), temozolomide (11.7%), and trifluridine/tipiracil (7.8%). The occasions on which patients presented cards included medical consultations (25.0%), visits to the pharmacy (100%), and when the homecare nurse was in attendance (25.0%).Patients were similarly satisfied with the new systems (p = 0.8) and as professionals. However, health professionals felt that the prescription with a QR code was of greater assistance than the drug vigilance card (p = 0.02).
Conclusion
Both systems help to improve access to knowledge about oral treatments. This encourages us to extend the innovations and evaluate them further.
Trial Registration Number and the date of registration
: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04931329. 2021-05-10
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurements (PROM) of Cataract Surgery : Comparison of Outcomes between Hospital-Based versus Outreach Cataract Centre. A Prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Yeoh Boon Juan , Salowi Mohamad Aziz , Samsudin Amir , Ramli Norlina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to compare the outcomes of cataract surgery using Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) between a general tertiary hospital setting and an outreach cataract centre. PROM reports the benefits of surgery from the point of view of the patient instead of a clinical evaluation, which reduces the biases by practitioners.
Methods: Prospective Cohort Analysis. Patients were recruited at Hospital Selayang and The Hospital Selayang-MAIWP Cataract Care Centre (Pusat Pembedahan Katarak Hospital Selayang-MAIWP or PPKM in Malay) prior to their cataract surgery between 1 July 2022 and 30 October 2022. Printed Questionnaires were given to patients according to their language preferences, ie, English, Malay language and Mandarin. The Catquest-9SF questionnaires were completed prior to their cataract surgery and 6 weeks post-surgery. Patient demography, visual acuity and data was retrieved from electronic medical records at both centres. Mean comparisons between centres were made for post-operative visual acuity in LogMar and post-operative Catquest-9SF. Logistics regression analysis was performed for each domain of the Catquest-9SF to the patient’s demographic data, underlying illnesses, first eye surgery, pre- , and post-operative visual acuity.
Results:
Both centres revealed identical demographic constitution of patients. By comparing means of post operative visual acuity and post operative Catquest-9SF scores, there were no significant differences between the two centres. This is also supported by the improvement/ non-improvements of Catquest-9SF scores, which showed no significant difference between the two centres. Patients from Hospital Selayang had higher percentages of improvements with subcategories Ca (difficulty in everyday life), Cb (satisfaction with current sight), C2 (Recognising faces), and C5 (Seeing to do handicrafts, woodwork).
Logistic regression analysis revealed that pre-op visual acuity appears to be associated with an improvement of functional daily fine visual acuity tasks, whilst patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are associated with leisure associated fine visual acuity tasks. Patients with hypertension however are associated with significant improvements in domains Ca (difficulty in everyday life), C3 (seeing prices of goods), C5 (Seeing to do handicrafts, woodwork) and C6 (Reading Subtitles).
Conclusion:
Improvements in patient reported visual functioning were not significantly different between the two centres. This validates the dedicated outreach cataract centres as places where good clinical and patient reported outcomes can be achieved.
Seismicity Induced by the Cajati Open Pit Mine, SE Brazil: a case of stress concentration, weakness zone, and favorable geometry
Authors: Assumpção Marcelo , Nogueira José Alexandre , Dias Leonardo S. , Carvalho Juraci M. , Schirbel Lucas A. , Bianchi Marcelo B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Fluid injection and reservoir-induced seismicity have been studied for decades. However, seismicity induced by crustal unloading in open-pit mines are seldomly reported. We describe a case associated with a large mine in SE Brazil exploiting carbonate rocks. The pit is 1.4 km long, 0.8 km wide, 300 m deep. 440 Mton of rock have been extracted. Eleven earthquakes (magnitudes 2.0 to 3.3 mb) have occurred since 2009. The largest event (3.2 Mw in 2015) caused expressive cracks in the mine benches. Relocated epicenters, using correlated P- and S-waves at regional stations, align in a single NNW-SSE oriented, 0.5 km long fault beneath the pit major axis. Focal mechanism shows reverse faulting, as expected for crustal unloading, with Coulomb stress increase of 2 MPa. In the coastal ranges of SE Brazil, low-velocities at lithospheric depths suggest stress concentration in the upper crust. The coast-parallel NE-SW P axis is consistent with stress rotation due to continent/ocean transition. Aeromagnetic data shows a NNW-SSE regional fault crossing the mine area. The Cajati mine is a classic case where several factors combine to induce seismicity: upper crustal high stresses, favorable orientation of a previous weak zone, and large Coulomb stress changes from unloading.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Gleason Grade Group upgrading in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer Awaiting Surgery
Authors: Mahamongkol Katunyou , Assavavirojekul Pubordee , Liangkobkit Karn , Hoonlor Apirak , Srinual Sittiporn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Despite the improved precision of the MRI fusion prostate biopsy, discrepancies persist between the Gleason grade group (GG) biopsy and the pathological Gleason GG. Our study employs machine learning to predict the upgrading of the Gleason GG, aiding treatment decisions.
Material & Methods: Since 2009, we retrospectively reviewed localized prostate cancer patients who underwent prostatectomy, considering seven potential factors contributing to the upgrading: age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density, biopsy GG, Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data Systems, percent positive cores and surgical waiting time. Pearson'scorrelation and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to explore the data. Various machine learning models were employed for comparison.
Results: Of 418 patients, neither the Pearson correlation nor the PCA revealed strong correlations with GG upgrading. Logistic regression (LR) achieved the best F1 score, though all models had F1 scores below 0.5, indicating prediction challenges. LR and Neural Network analysis identified biopsy GG, age, and percent positive cores as significant predictors.
Conclusions: No specific features strongly correlated with GG upgrading. Despite high accuracy, intelligent concepts struggled to predict upgrades effectively. Physician expertise and patient characteristics remain crucial for management decisions. We agree that machine learning has great potential to improve prediction in the future.
Incidence, Treatment and Outcomes of Patients with Synchronous Lung and Colorectal Malignancies: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) Analysis
Authors: Cruz Alejandro , Alam Mohammad Afaque , Omesiete Pamela , Saeed Sabina , Assar Manijeh , Hamidi Mohammad , Guerrero Marlon , Nfonsam Valentine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Our study aims to describe the incidence, treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with synchronous lung, and colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods:
We conducted an 11-years analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2002–2012). All adult (age ≥ 18y) patients admitted with a diagnosis of CRC were included. Data abstracted include demographics, malignancy-related variables, treatment, and operative interventions. We excluded patients who had lung metastasis from CRC. Our primary outcome measures were the incidence of synchronous CRC and lung cancer, operative treatment patterns, and mortality.
Results:
Out of 1,198,421 patients admitted with a CRC diagnosis, 6,231 (0.52%) had synchronous lung cancer. Overall, mean age was 61 ± 15y, 75% were male, and 63% were white. Most patients with synchronous malignancies (56%) had advanced CRC with non-small cell lung cancer (76%). The majority of CRC patients (79%) had recto-sigmoid tumors. Only 11.2% underwent surgical management. No significant difference was noted in the proportion of patients first treated for their CRC relative to those treated for their lung cancer first (p = 0.21). The overall mortality rate was 54%.
Conclusion:
The incidence of synchronous occurrence of CRC and lung cancer is low, but the mortality is very high. Diagnosis of synchronous cancer is typically incidental. Treatment options for these patients should be tailored to the individual patient. Genetic and epidemiological studies are required to elucidate the potential connection between lung and colon cancer.
Estimating soil profile salinity under vegetation cover based on UAV multi-source remote sensing
Authors: Luo Zhenhai , Deng Meihua , Tang Min , Liu Rui , Feng Shaoyuan , Zhang Chao , Zheng Zhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Soil salinization is the most common land degradation problem in arid, semi-arid and coastal areas of China, which seriously affects local crop yield, economic development, and environmental sustainability. There are few studies on estimating soil salinity at different depths under vegetation cover. In this study, field soil control experiments were employed to collect multi-source remote sensing data under barley growth, and soil salt content (SSC) with various depths. Three types of feature variables were built based on images and were filtered by the boosting decision tree (BDT) method. Besides, four machine learning algorithms coupling with seven variable combination groups were used to comprehensively establish soil salinity estimation model. Finally, the performances of estimation model for different crop over ratios were evaluated. The results showed that the gaussian process regression (GPR) model based on the full variable group at the depths of 0 ~ 10 cm and 30 ~ 40 cm is more accurate than other models. The validation R2 is 0.774 and 0.705, and the RMSE is 0.185% and 0.31%;The random forest (RF) models based on spectral index and texture data at 10 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 30 cm depths are more accurate, with R2 of 0.666 and 0.714. SSC may be quantitatively inverted at various depths using the machine learning model based on multi-source remote sensing, which also serves as a guide for monitoring soil salinization.
Predictive value of the triglyceride-glucose index for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in individuals with different metabolic obese phenotypes
Authors: Lv Dan , Wang Zepu , Liu Huanxin , Meng Cuiqiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and to evaluate the predictive value of the TyG index for MAFLD in individuals with different metabolic obese phenotypes. The aim is to provide a novel approach for the screening and early diagnosis of MAFLD in the general population.
Methods: A total of 2614 subjects were recruited and classified into four categories of metabolic obese phenotypes based on their body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status. Basic data and general blood indices were collected and analyzed. The TyG index was calculated, and an abdominal ultrasound was performed to detect the presence of fatty liver disease. The aforementioned data were then subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: The TyG index was significantly higher in the MAFLD group than in the non-MAFLD group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the TyG index in the metabolically unhealthy and obese (MUO) group and the metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) group was significantly higher than that in the metabolically healthy and obese (MHO) group and the metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) group (P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the TyG index for predicting MAFLD in the MHNW, MUNW, MHO, and MUO groups was 0.765, 0.766, 0.659, and 0.650, respectively. The critical values were 8.575, 9.075, 8.795, and 9.165, respectively.
Conclusion: The TyG index is a reliable predictor of MAFLD risk, exhibiting a higher predictive ability for the risk of developing MAFLD in individuals with normal BMI compared to those with abnormal BMI. The findings of this study lend support for the use of the TyG index as a screening tool and for guiding subsequent management of patients with MAFLD.