bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rhetoric of Fictive Architecture:CopiaandAmplificatioin Altichiero Da Zevio's Paintings at the Oratory of St George in Padua
Authors: Lupi Livia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between architecture in painting and rhetorical theory, proposing that fictive buildings are often a powerful form of visual rhetoric aiming to entice the viewer and showcase the artist's skill. Illustrating the potential of a rhetorical approach for the interpretation of architecture more widely, the article focuses on Altichiero da Zevio's fresco cycle in the Oratory of St George in Padua (c.1379–84), suggesting that his structurally inventive and intricately decorated architectural settings can be interpreted through the rhetorical tropescopiaandamplificatio. It argues that fourteenth-century Padua was an environment particularly receptive to rhetorical theory, and suggests that viewers would have experienced Altichiero's fictive buildings as a visual equivalent of the persuasive strategies employed in contemporary textual composition. The analysis highlights the rhetorical messages of architectural forms, underscoring the porosity between two and three-dimensional buildings for a more integrated consideration of architecture and its communicative powers.
The Rise and Fall of Cork Model Collections in Britain
Authors: Gillespie Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCommencing in the late 1760s, cork models of classical monuments in Italy were purchased by wealthy British collectors while on their Grand Tour. Initially commissioned by tourists with specific antiquarian and architectural interests, the models were an expression of the collector's knowledge of classical history and of their Neoclassical sensibility. Models soon appeared in the Society of Antiquaries of London and the British Museum, in the private displays of Charles Townley and John Stuart, Earl of Bute, and in George III's royal collection. In the early 1800s, architect John Soane began purchasing models from the secondary market for his house museum. Interest in cork architectural models waned during the Nineteenth Century. Descendants of the original owners transferred them to public institutions, while museums that had at first enthusiastically welcomed the donations or made their own purchases, relegated the models to storage. In the twentieth century the majority of the models were discarded or lost. This paper explores the reasons for the enthusiastic acquisition of architectural cork models and their subsequent demise.
Relations and Reflections to the Eye and Understanding: Architectural Models and the Rebuilding of the Royal Exchange, 1839–44
Authors: Wells M. J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTHistorians have overlooked the ways in which architects perceived and used models during the nineteenth century. Drawing on a wide range of documentary sources, as well as drawings, prints and a surviving model, this essay examines how architectural models were deployed in the competition for the Royal Exchange and its design and construction (1839–44). Many figures saw models as important arbiters in choosing designs and, after the initial competition process, C.R. Cockerell and William Tite demonstrated the use of models as poetic and rhetoric tools in architectural practice. Drawing especially on the example of Tite's model of the Royal Exchange portico, which survives at the Victoria & Albert Museum, the essay discusses how architectural models played an important role in the social activities surrounding the profession including ceremonial events,conversazioniand international exhibitions.
Free-stream coherent structures in a planar jet
Authors: Deguchi Kengo , Hall Philip 
Published: January 2018

The free-stream coherent structure theory developed by Deguchi & Hall (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 752, 2014, pp. 602–625), valid in the large-Reynolds-number asymptotic limit, is extended and applied to jet flows. It is shown that a nonlinear exact coherent structure can be supported at the edge of the jet, and the structure induces a much bigger streaky flow in the centre of the jet. The lambda-shaped vortices that characterise the coherent structure are qualitatively consistent with those seen in experimental observations. Here a planar incompressible jet is investigated for the sake of simplicity, but the structure we describe could be used as a basis of more complex theories for incompressible and compressible jets of practical importance.
Bounds on heat transfer for Bénard–Marangoni convection at infinite Prandtl number
Authors: Fantuzzi Giovanni , Pershin Anton , Wynn Andrew 
Published: January 2018

The vertical heat transfer in Bénard–Marangoni convection of a fluid layer with infinite Prandtl number is studied by means of upper bounds on the Nusselt number $Nu$ as a function of the Marangoni number $Ma$. Using the background method for the temperature field, it has recently been proved by Hagstrom & Doering (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 81, 2010, art. 047301) that $Nu\leqslant 0.838Ma^{2/7}$. In this work we extend previous background method analysis to include balance parameters and derive a variational principle for the bound on $Nu$, expressed in terms of a scaled background field, that yields a better bound than Hagstrom & Doering’s formulation at a given $Ma$. Using a piecewise-linear, monotonically decreasing profile we then show that $Nu\leqslant 0.803Ma^{2/7}$, lowering the previous prefactor by 4.2 %. However, we also demonstrate that optimisation of the balance parameters does not affect the asymptotic scaling of the optimal bound achievable with Hagstrom & Doering’s original formulation. We subsequently utilise convex optimisation to optimise the bound on $Nu$ over all admissible background fields, as well as over two smaller families of profiles constrained by monotonicity and convexity. The results show that $Nu\leqslant O(Ma^{2/7}(\ln Ma)^{-1/2})$ when the background field has a non-monotonic boundary layer near the surface, while a power-law bound with exponent $2/7$ is optimal within the class of monotonic background fields. Further analysis of our upper-bounding principle reveals the role of non-monotonicity, and how it may be exploited in a rigorous mathematical argument.
Inclined porous medium convection at large Rayleigh number
Authors: Wen Baole , Chini Gregory P. 
Published: January 2018

High-Rayleigh-number ($Ra$) convection in an inclined two-dimensional porous layer is investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNS) and stability and variational upper-bound analyses. When the inclination angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ of the layer satisfies $0^{\circ }<\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\lesssim 25^{\circ }$, DNS confirm that the flow exhibits a three-region wall-normal asymptotic structure in accord with the strictly horizontal ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0^{\circ }$) case, except that as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ is increased the time-mean spacing between neighbouring interior plumes also increases substantially. Both DNS and upper-bound analysis indicate that the heat transport enhancement factor (i.e. the Nusselt number) $Nu\sim CRa$ with a $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$-dependent prefactor $C$. When $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{t}$, however, where $30^{\circ }<\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{t}<32^{\circ }$ independently of $Ra$, the columnar flow structure is completely broken down: the flow transitions to a large-scale travelling-wave convective roll state, and the heat transport is significantly reduced. To better understand the physics of inclined porous medium convection at large $Ra$ and modest inclination angles, a spatial Floquet analysis is performed, yielding predictions of the linear stability of numerically computed, fully nonlinear steady convective states. The results show that there exist two types of instability when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\neq 0^{\circ }$: a bulk-mode instability and a wall-mode instability, consistent with previous findings for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0^{\circ }$ (Wen et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 772, 2015, pp. 197–224). The background flow induced by the inclination of the layer intensifies the bulk-mode instability during its subsequent nonlinear evolution, thereby favouring increased spacing between the interior plumes relative to that observed in convection in a horizontal porous layer.
Impact on short-lived climate forcers increases projected warming due to deforestation
Authors: Scott C. E. , Monks S. A. , Spracklen D. V. , Arnold S. R. , Forster P. M. , Rap A. , Äijälä M. , Artaxo P. , Carslaw K. S. , Chipperfield M. P. , Ehn M. , Gilardoni S. , Heikkinen L. , Kulmala M. , Petäjä T. , Reddington C. L. S. , Rizzo L. V. , Swietlicki E. , Vignati E. , Wilson C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe climate impact of deforestation depends on the relative strength of several biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects. In addition to affecting the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and moisture with the atmosphere and surface albedo, vegetation emits biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) that alter the formation of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), which include aerosol, ozone and methane. Here we show that a scenario of complete global deforestation results in a net positive radiative forcing (RF; 0.12 W m−2) from SLCFs, with the negative RF from decreases in ozone and methane concentrations partially offsetting the positive aerosol RF. Combining RFs due to CO2, surface albedo and SLCFs suggests that global deforestation could cause 0.8 K warming after 100 years, with SLCFs contributing 8% of the effect. However, deforestation as projected by the RCP8.5 scenario leads to zero net RF from SLCF, primarily due to nonlinearities in the aerosol indirect effect.
Impaired autophagy bridges lysosomal storage disease and epithelial dysfunction in the kidney
Authors: Festa Beatrice Paola , Chen Zhiyong , Berquez Marine , Debaix Huguette , Tokonami Natsuko , Prange Jenny Ann , Hoek Glenn van de , Alessio Cremonesi , Raimondi Andrea , Nevo Nathalie , Giles Rachel H. , Devuyst Olivier , Luciani Alessandro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe endolysosomal system sustains the reabsorptive activity of specialized epithelial cells. Lysosomal storage diseases such as nephropathic cystinosis cause a major dysfunction of epithelial cells lining the kidney tubule, resulting in massive losses of vital solutes in the urine. The mechanisms linking lysosomal defects and epithelial dysfunction remain unknown, preventing the development of disease-modifying therapies. Here we demonstrate, by combining genetic and pharmacologic approaches, that lysosomal dysfunction in cystinosis results in defective autophagy-mediated clearance of damaged mitochondria. This promotes the generation of oxidative stress that stimulates Gα12/Src-mediated phosphorylation of tight junction ZO-1 and triggers a signaling cascade involving ZO-1-associated Y-box factor ZONAB, which leads to cell proliferation and transport defects. Correction of the primary lysosomal defect, neutralization of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and blockage of tight junction-associated ZONAB signaling rescue the epithelial function. We suggest a link between defective lysosome-autophagy degradation pathways and epithelial dysfunction, providing new therapeutic perspectives for lysosomal storage disorders.
Wet-dry cycles enable the parallel origin of canonical and non-canonical nucleosides by continuous synthesis
Authors: Becker Sidney , Schneider Christina , Okamura Hidenori , Crisp Antony , Amatov Tynchtyk , Dejmek Milan , Carell Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe molecules of life were created by a continuous physicochemical process on an early Earth. In this hadean environment, chemical transformations were driven by fluctuations of the naturally given physical parameters established for example by wet–dry cycles. These conditions might have allowed for the formation of (self)-replicating RNA as the fundamental biopolymer during chemical evolution. The question of how a complex multistep chemical synthesis of RNA building blocks was possible in such an environment remains unanswered. Here we report that geothermal fields could provide the right setup for establishing wet–dry cycles that allow for the synthesis of RNA nucleosides by continuous synthesis. Our model provides both the canonical and many ubiquitous non-canonical purine nucleosides in parallel by simple changes of physical parameters such as temperature, pH and concentration. The data show that modified nucleosides were potentially formed as competitor molecules. They could in this sense be considered as molecular fossils.
Discovery of superconductivity in quasicrystal
Authors: Kamiya K. , Takeuchi T. , Kabeya N. , Wada N. , Ishimasa T. , Ochiai A. , Deguchi K. , Imura K. , Sato N. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSuperconductivity is ubiquitous as evidenced by the observation in many crystals including carrier-doped oxides and diamond. Amorphous solids are no exception. However, it remains to be discovered in quasicrystals, in which atoms are ordered over long distances but not in a periodically repeating arrangement. Here we report electrical resistivity, magnetization, and specific-heat measurements of Al–Zn–Mg quasicrystal, presenting convincing evidence for the emergence of bulk superconductivity at a very low transition temperature of $$T_{\rm c} \cong 0.05$$

T

c

≅
0.05
K. We also find superconductivity in its approximant crystals, structures that are periodic, but that are very similar to quasicrystals. These observations demonstrate that the effective interaction between electrons remains attractive under variation of the atomic arrangement from periodic to quasiperiodic one. The discovery of the superconducting quasicrystal, in which the fractal geometry interplays with superconductivity, opens the door to a new type of superconductivity, fractal superconductivity.
E2112: randomized phase iii trial of endocrine therapy plus entinostat/placebo in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer
Authors: Yeruva Sri Lakshmi Hyndavi , Zhao Fengmin , Miller Kathy D. , Tevaarwerk Amye J. , Wagner Lynne I. , Gray Robert J. , Sparano Joseph A. , Connolly Roisin M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEndocrine therapies are effective in the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer, however, de novo or acquired treatment resistance is a significant clinical problem. A potential mechanism of resistance involves changes in gene expression secondary to epigenetic modifications, which might be reversed with the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors such as entinostat. The ENCORE 301 phase II randomized, placebo-controlled study demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with the addition of entinostat to exemestane in patients with HR-positive advanced breast cancer with disease progression after prior non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI). These results prompted the development of E2112, a phase III registration trial which is investigating entinostat/placebo in combination with exemestane in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have experienced disease progression after a non-steroidal AI. E2112 aims to validate the preclinical and clinical findings supporting the role of HDAC inhibitors in overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients with advanced breast cancer.
Pan-cancer screen for mutations in non-coding elements with conservation and cancer specificity reveals correlations with expression and survival
Authors: Hornshøj Henrik , Nielsen Morten Muhlig , Sinnott-Armstrong Nicholas A. , Świtnicki Michał P. , Juul Malene , Madsen Tobias , Sallari Richard , Kellis Manolis , Ørntoft Torben , Hobolth Asger , Pedersen Jakob Skou 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCancer develops by accumulation of somatic driver mutations, which impact cellular function. Mutations in non-coding regulatory regions can now be studied genome-wide and further characterized by correlation with gene expression and clinical outcome to identify driver candidates. Using a new two-stage procedure, called ncDriver, we first screened 507 ICGC whole-genomes from 10 cancer types for non-coding elements, in which mutations are both recurrent and have elevated conservation or cancer specificity. This identified 160 significant non-coding elements, including theTERTpromoter, a well-known non-coding driver element, as well as elements associated with known cancer genes and regulatory genes (e.g.,PAX5,TOX3,PCF11,MAPRE3). However, in some significant elements, mutations appear to stem from localized mutational processes rather than recurrent positive selection in some cases. To further characterize the driver potential of the identified elements and shortlist candidates, we identified elements where presence of mutations correlated significantly with expression levels (e.g.,TERTandCDH10) and survival (e.g.,CDH9andCDH10) in an independent set of 505 TCGA whole-genome samples. In a larger pan-cancer set of 4128 TCGA exomes with expression profiling, we identified mutational correlation with expression for additional elements (e.g., nearGATA3,CDC6,ZNF217, andCTCFtranscription factor binding sites). Survival analysis further pointed toMIR122, a known marker of poor prognosis in liver cancer. In conclusion, the screen for significant mutation patterns coupled with correlative mutational analysis identified new individual driver candidates and suggest that some non-coding mutations recurrently affect expression and play a role in cancer development.
Quantum logic using correlated one-dimensional quantum walks
Authors: Lahini Yoav , Steinbrecher Gregory R. , Bookatz Adam D. , Englund Dirk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuantum Walks are unitary processes describing the evolution of an initially localized wavefunction on a lattice potential. The complexity of the dynamics increases significantly when several indistinguishable quantum walkers propagate on the same lattice simultaneously, as these develop non-trivial spatial correlations that depend on the particle’s quantum statistics, mutual interactions, initial positions, and the lattice potential. We show that even in the simplest case of a quantum walk on a one dimensional graph, these correlations can be shaped to yield a complete set of compact quantum logic operations. We provide detailed recipes for implementing quantum logic on one-dimensional quantum walks in two general cases. For non-interacting bosons—such as photons in waveguide lattices—we find high-fidelity probabilistic quantum gates that could be integrated into linear optics quantum computation schemes. For interacting quantum-walkers on a one-dimensional lattice—a situation that has recently been demonstrated using ultra-cold atoms—we find deterministic logic operations that are universal for quantum information processing. The suggested implementation requires minimal resources and a level of control that is within reach using recently demonstrated techniques. Further work is required to address error-correction.
Can cognitive processes help explain the success of instructional techniques recommended by behavior analysts?
Authors: Markovits Rebecca A. , Weinstein Yana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe fields of cognitive psychology and behavior analysis have undertaken separate investigations into effective learning strategies. These studies have led to several recommendations from both fields regarding teaching techniques that have been shown to enhance student performance. While cognitive psychology and behavior analysis have studied student performance independently from their different perspectives, the recommendations they make are remarkably similar. The lack of discussion between the two fields, despite these similarities, is surprising. The current paper seeks to remedy this oversight in two ways: first, by reviewing two techniques recommended by behavior analysts—guided notes and response cards—and comparing them to their counterparts in cognitive psychology that are potentially responsible for their effectiveness; and second, by outlining some other areas of overlap that could benefit from collaboration. By starting the discussion with the comparison of two specific recommendations for teaching techniques, we hope to galvanize a more extensive collaboration that will not only further the progression of both fields, but also extend the practical applications of the ensuing research.
Mapping the operational landscape of microRNAs in synthetic gene circuits
Authors: Quarton Tyler , Ehrhardt Kristina , Lee James , Kannan Srijaa , Li Yi , Ma Lan , Bleris Leonidas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs are a class of short, noncoding RNAs that are ubiquitous modulators of gene expression, with roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Engineered microRNAs are now frequently used as regulatory modules in synthetic biology. Moreover, synthetic gene circuits equipped with engineered microRNA targets with perfect complementarity to endogenous microRNAs establish an interface with the endogenous milieu at the single-cell level. The function of engineered microRNAs and sensor systems is typically optimized through extensive trial-and-error. Here, using a combination of synthetic biology experimentation in human embryonic kidney cells and quantitative analysis, we investigate the relationship between input genetic template abundance, microRNA concentration, and output under microRNA control. We provide a framework that employs the complete operational landscape of a synthetic gene circuit and enables the stepwise development of mathematical models. We derive a phenomenological model that recapitulates experimentally observed nonlinearities and contains features that provide insight into the microRNA function at various abundances. Our work facilitates the characterization and engineering of multi-component genetic circuits and specifically points to new insights on the operation of microRNAs as mediators of endogenous information and regulators of gene expression in synthetic biology.
Bi-valent polysaccharides of Vi capsular and O9 O-antigen in attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium induce strong immune responses against these two antigens
Authors: Li Pei , Liu Qing , Luo Hongyan , Liang Kang , Han Yue , Roland Kenneth L. , Curtiss Roy , Kong Qingke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSalmonellaTyphi is the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans, responsible for approximately 21 million infections and 222,000 deaths globally each year. The current licensed vaccines provide moderate protection to recipients aged >2 years. Prior work on typhoid vaccines has focused on injectable Vi capsular polysaccharide or Vi–protein conjugates and live, oral attenuatedS. Typhi vaccines to induce humoral anti-Vi antibodies, while the value and importance of anti-O9 antibodies is less well established. In this study, we constructed aS. Typhimurium strain that synthesizes Vi capsular antigen in vivo and produces the immunodominant O9-antigen polysaccharide instead of its native O4-antigen. The live recombinant attenuatedS. Typhimurium mutants were effective in stimulating anti-Vi and anti-O9 antibodies in a mouse model, and the surface Vi capsular expression did not affect the immune responses against the O9 O-antigen polysaccharide. Moreover, the resulting anti-Vi and anti-O9 antibodies were effective at killingS. Typhi and otherSalmonellaspp. expressing Vi or O9 antigen polysaccharides and provided efficient protection against lethal challenge byS. Typhimurium andS. Enteritidis. Our work highlights the strategy of developing live attenuatedS. Typhimurium vaccines to prevent typhoid fever by targeting the both Vi capsular and O9 O-polysaccharide antigens simultaneously.