bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le traducteur en coulisse : traduction de scénarios et productions audiovisuelles multilingues
Authors: Vandal-Sirois Hugo 
Published: November 2016

Les défis et enjeux de la traduction audiovisuelle, particulièrement ceux du doublage et du sous-titrage, ont été largement explorés en traductologie. L’analyse des contraintes liées à cette forme de traduction (l’interdépendance du visuel et du verbal, la synchronisation labiale et les restrictions temporelles ou spatiales, entre autres) a permis de cerner les mécanismes et les stratégies de la communication audiovisuelle multilingue. Toutefois, un volet de cette forme de traduction spécialisée demeure généralement méconnu, et ce, bien qu’il soit en plein essor et qu’il entraîne des difficultés traductionnelles uniques : la traduction de scénarios, dont les enjeux sont de taille. Plutôt que de fournir un document final (comme un film doublé ou sous-titré), le traducteur de scénarios doit, en plus de maîtriser le langage technique, l’élaboration de structures narratives et la rédaction de dialogues fluides et crédibles, produire un outil de travail sur lequel reposeront les activités des acteurs, du réalisateur et des techniciens. En cette époque marquée par la mondialisation et la multiplication des technologies de communication, et où les échanges culturels se déroulent sur la multitude d’écrans qui nous entourent, la traduction scénaristique représente un secteur d’activités aussi important que dynamique. Elle soulève des questions particulièrement intéressantes en traductologie, puisqu’elle place le traducteur au coeur du processus créatif, notamment dans le contexte de doubles tournages, au cours desquels le traducteur est parfois appelé à participer aux différentes étapes de production. Cet article propose de situer la traduction de scénarios dans le spectre plus large de la traduction audiovisuelle, d’en examiner les caractéristiques et défis, et, finalement, d’aborder le phénomène des doubles tournages, particulièrement dans le domaine de la publicité.
Advances in modeling semiconductor epitaxy: Contributions of growth orientation and surface reconstruction to InN metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Kusaba Akira , Kangawa Yoshihiro , Kempisty Pawel , Shiraishi Kenji , Kakimoto Koichi , Koukitu Akinori 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We propose a newly improved thermodynamic analysis method that incorporates surface energies. The new theoretical approach enables us to investigate the effects of the growth orientation and surface reconstruction. The obtained knowledge would be indispensable for examining the preferred growth conditions in terms of the contribution of the surface state. We applied the theoretical approach to study the growth processes of InN(0001) and

by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Calculation results reproduced the difference in optimum growth temperature. That is, we successfully developed a new theoretical approach that can predict growth processes on various growth surfaces.
Satellite Antennas
Authors: Dybdal R. B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSatellite antenna systems for both the space and user segments are described in terms of their system requirements, technology, development issues, and test methodologies. Today's antenna systems have greatly contributed to satellite system capabilities and significant opportunities continue to provide further challenges to creatively evolve even more capable and affordable system capabilities. These antenna technology and development issues for different satellite system capabilities and their associated evaluation issues are described to foster till further evolution of satellite antennas.
Fusion Reactor Instrumentation
Authors: Young Kenneth M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe plasma measurements in a fusion reactor will be devoted to providing signals for the control of the plasma and the protection of the reactor. The very high radiation levels, and the shortage of accessible space because of the needs to generate new tritium fuel and electricity will be major constraints on the selection of instrumentation. This article attempts to define the necessary measurements for a tokamak reactor, making clear that significant evolution will be required from present‐day instrumentation. Some present‐day techniques are briefly described. Also, because of the very high intensity of the neutron, and associated gamma radiation, its possible impacts are described, as are some other necessary developments in plasma diagnostic implementation.
Solid State Radiation Detectors
Authors: Squillante Michael R. , Christian James F. , Entine Gerald 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor many applications including medical imaging, homeland security, nondestructive testing and scientific research, solid‐state radiation detectors provide the best combination of sensitivity per unit volume, flexibility in packaging, cost, and efficient conversion of ionizing radiation into electrical signals suitable for measurement with modern instrumentation. Solid‐state detectors are used for sensing all of the main forms of ionizing radiation including X‐rays, gamma rays, charged particles, and neutrons. Charged particles include electrons, beta particles, positrons, protons, alpha particles, fission fragments, and other ions. Solid‐state detectors include semiconductors, such as silicon and cadmium telluride, and scintillators coupled to solid state photodetectors such as NaI(Tl) coupled to silicon photodiodes. After more than 50 years of development, this remains an exciting area of research with regular reports of significant advances. The factors which make this such a thriving and growing area in radiation detection technology are the inherent advantages in size, weight, power, the need for high resolution digital imaging, low cost, as well as the availability of high performance computers capable of handling large amounts of data generated by large number of solid‐state detector elements. This article reviews the primary mechanisms by which ionizing radiation interacts with matter, how these interactions create electronic signals within the various types of solid‐state sensors, the properties of many of the more common solid‐state nuclear detectors, and a comparison of their properties as they relate to choosing among them for a particular application.
Haptic Devices
Authors: Bianchi Matteo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHaptics, that is, the science of touch, represents a vibrating, multidisciplinary research topic that crosses the boundaries between neuroscience, psychophysics, robotics, and engineering. While in the neuroscientific community the main focus of haptics is the study of neural and perceptual mechanisms of human tactual sensing, from a technological point of view it aims at suitably replicating such mechanisms through artificial systems (namely, haptic interfaces) for human–machine interaction. In this article, we review the main aspects of human touch perception, and how they can be applied to the design of haptic devices to render different types of touch‐related information. We describe the principal components of the mechatronic architecture of haptic systems, their main application areas, and issues related to their control and stability. Finally, we briefly review wearable haptic systems and discuss the role of affective touch, that is, the emotional component of touch, for the design of new interfaces for human–robot communication.
Spatial Modulation for Multiple‐Antenna Communication
Authors: Renzo M. Di , Haas H. , Ghrayeb A. , Hanzo L. , Sugiura S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe key challenge of future mobile communication networks is to strike an attractive compromise between the wireless network's area spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency. This necessitates new approaches to wireless system design, embracing a rich body of existing knowledge –especially in the field of multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) techniques. Hence, in this article, we describe spatial modulation (SM) that constitutes a promising new concept of wireless system design conceived for reducing the number of high‐cost RF front ends compared to other MIMO implementations. The concept of SM has recently established itself as a beneficial transmission paradigm, subsuming numerous members of the MIMO system family. Research activities on SM have reached sufficient maturity to motivate its comparison against state‐of‐the‐art MIMO systems, as well as to inspire its application in emerging wireless communication systems. Furthermore, it has received sufficient research attention to motivate its implementation in testbeds and it holds the promise of stimulating further vigorous inter‐disciplinary research in the years to come, especially in the emerging market of the Internet of Things (IoT).
Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Bartolozzi C. , Benosman R. , Boahen K. , Cauwenberghs G. , Delbrück Tobi , Indiveri Giacomo , Liu Shih‐Chii , Furber S. , Imam N. , Linares‐Barranco Bernabé , Serrano‐Gotarredona Teresa , Meier K. , Posch C. , Valle M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article reviews a wide spectrum of state‐of‐the‐art neuromorphic systems, ranging from its principles, sensory elements, and processing aspects to large‐scale example systems and commercial outlook. It does not aim to provide a full coverage of present knowledge, but simply provide a comprehensive summary with many pointers to further readings.
Memetic Algorithms: A Contemporary Introduction
Authors: Cotta Carlos , Gallardo Jose E. , Mathieson Luke , Moscato Pablo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMemetic algorithms (MAs) constitute a search and optimization paradigm based on the orchestrated interplay between global and local search components, and have the exploitation of specific problem knowledge as one of their central tenets. MAs can take different forms although a classical incarnation involves the integration of independent search processes within a population‐based optimization approach. We discuss this basic structure as well as several of the issues arising in the design process. This paves the way for providing a glimpse of some algorithmic extensions of this basic scheme. After providing an overview of the numerous practical applications of MAs, we close this article with some current perspectives of these techniques.
Global atmospheric response to emissions from a proposed reusable space launch system
Authors: Larson Erik J. L. , Portmann Robert W. , Rosenlof Karen H. , Fahey David W. , Daniel John S. , Ross Martin N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractModern reusable launch vehicle technology may allow high flight rate space transportation at low cost. Emissions associated with a hydrogen fueled reusable rocket system are modeled based on the launch requirements of developing a space‐based solar power system that generates present‐day global electric energy demand. Flight rates from 104 to 106 per year are simulated and sustained to a quasisteady state. For the assumed rocket engine, H2O and NOX are the primary emission products; this also includes NOX produced during reentry heating. For a base case of 105 flights per year, global stratospheric and mesospheric water vapor increase by approximately 10 and 100%, respectively. As a result, high‐latitude cloudiness increases in the lower stratosphere and near the mesopause by as much as 20%. Increased water vapor also results in global effective radiative forcing of about 0.03 W/m2. NOX produced during reentry exceeds meteoritic production by more than an order of magnitude, and along with in situ stratospheric emissions, results in a 0.5% loss of the globally averaged ozone column, with column losses in the polar regions exceeding 2%.
Estimating the duration of geologic intervals from a small number of age determinations: A challenge common to petrology and paleobiology
Authors: Glazner Allen F. , Sadler Peter M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe duration of a geologic interval, such as the time over which a given volume of magma accumulated to form a pluton, or the lifespan of a large igneous province, is commonly determined from a relatively small number of geochronologic determinations (e.g., 4–10) within that interval. Such sample sets can underestimate the true length of the interval by a significant amount. For example, the average interval determined from a sample of size
= 5, drawn from a uniform random distribution, will underestimate the true interval by 50%. Even for
= 10, the average sample only captures ∼80% of the interval. If the underlying distribution is known then a correction factor can be determined from theory or Monte Carlo analysis; for a uniform random distribution, this factor is
. Systematic undersampling of interval lengths can have a large effect on calculated magma fluxes in plutonic systems. The problem is analogous to determining the duration of an extinct species from its fossil occurrences. Confidence interval statistics developed for species origination and extinction times are applicable to the onset and cessation of magmatic events.
Cenozoic epeirogeny of the Indian peninsula
Authors: Richards F. D. , Hoggard M. J. , White N. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPeninsular India is a cratonic region with asymmetric relief manifest by eastward tilting from the 1.5 km high Western Ghats escarpment toward the floodplains of eastward‐draining rivers. Oceanic residual depth measurements on either side of India show that this west‐east asymmetry is broader scale, occurring over distances of > 2000 km. Admittance analysis of free‐air gravity and topography shows that the elastic thickness is 10 ± 3 km, suggesting that regional uplift is not solely caused by flexural loading. To investigate how Indian physiography is generated, we have jointly inverted 530 river profiles to determine rock uplift rate as a function of space and time. Key erosional parameters are calibrated using independent geologic constraints (e.g., emergent marine deposits, elevated paleosurfaces, uplifted lignite deposits). Our results suggest that regional tilt grew at rates of up to 0.1 mm a−1 between 25 Ma and the present day. Neogene uplift initiated in the south and propagated northward along the western margin. This calculated history is corroborated by low‐temperature thermochronologic observations, by sedimentary flux of clastic deposits into the Krishna‐Godavari delta, and by sequence stratigraphic architecture along adjacent rifted margins. Onset of regional uplift predates intensification of the Indian monsoon at 8 Ma, suggesting that rock uplift rather than climatic change is responsible for modern‐day relief. A positive correlation between residual depth measurements and shear wave velocities beneath the lithosphere suggests that regional uplift is generated and maintained by temperature anomalies of ±100 °C within a 200 ± 25 km thick asthenospheric channel.
Trace element and Sr isotope records of multi‐episode carbonatite metasomatism on the eastern margin of the North China Craton
Authors: Deng Lixu , Liu Yongsheng , Zong Keqing , Zhu Lüyun , Xu Rong , Hu Zhaochu , Gao Shan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLherzolite xenoliths entrained in the Changle Cenozoic basalts were analyzed to infer mantle process beneath the eastern block of the North China Craton. These xenoliths were classified into two types. Clinopyroxenes (Cpx) in the type‐1 xenoliths are strongly enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements (LREE) but depleted in high field‐strength elements and heavy rare earth elements, and show high Ca/Al, Zr/Hf, and (La/Yb)N ratios but low Ti/Eu ratios. These features indicate that they were crystallized from a carbonatitic melt. Cpx in the type‐2 xenoliths are mostly characterized by a chemical zonation, that is, LREE and Sr contents and (La/Yb)N and Eu/Ti ratios gradually increase from the cores to the rims. Some fresh cores preserve the original signatures of the depleted mantle. These observations indicate partial modification of pre‐existing Cpx by carbonatite metasomatism. Two episodes of metasomatism were identified based on Sr isotopic compositions of Cpx and carbonate inclusions within olivines. Both the carbonate inclusions and Cpx cores in the type‐2 xenoliths have relatively high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (>0.7033), suggesting metasomatism due to CO2‐rich silicate melt derived from the recycled oceanic crust. However, low 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Cpx rims in the type‐2 xenoliths suggest a late stage of metasomatism by a low‐87Sr/86Sr carbonatitic melt (<0.7024), which might have been caused by upwelling of the asthenosphere mantle. Such multiple metasomatism could have played an important role in changing the chemical composition of mantle from refractory and depleted to fertile and enriched.
Wetland shoreline recession in the Mississippi River Delta from petroleum oiling and cyclonic storms
Authors: Rangoonwala Amina , Jones Cathleen E. , Ramsey Elijah 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe evaluate the relative impact of petroleum spill and storm surge on near‐shore wetland loss by quantifying the lateral movement of coastal shores in upper Barataria Bay, Louisiana (USA), between June 2009 and October 2012, a study period that extends from the year prior to the Deepwater Horizon spill to 2.5 years following the spill. We document a distinctly different pattern of shoreline loss in the 2 years following the spill, both from that observed in the year prior to the spill, during which there was no major cyclonic storm, and from change related to Hurricane Isaac, which made landfall in August 2012. Shoreline erosion following oiling was far more spatially extensive and included loss in areas protected from wave‐induced erosion. We conclude that petroleum exposure can substantially increase shoreline recession particularly in areas protected from storm‐induced degradation and disproportionally alters small oil‐exposed barrier islands relative to natural erosion.
Geophysical imaging of shallow degassing in a Yellowstone hydrothermal system
Authors: Pasquet S. , Holbrook W. S. , Carr B. J. , Sims K. W. W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, which hosts over 10,000 thermal features, is the world's largest active continental hydrothermal system, yet very little is known about the shallow “plumbing” system connecting hydrothermal reservoirs to surface features. Here we present the results of geophysical investigations of shallow hydrothermal degassing in Yellowstone. We measured electrical resistivity, compressional‐wave velocity from refraction data, and shear wave velocity from surface‐wave analysis to image shallow hydrothermal degassing to depths of 15–30 m. We find that resistivity helps identify fluid pathways and that Poisson's ratio shows good sensitivity to saturation variations, highlighting gas‐saturated areas and the local water table. Porosity and saturation predicted from rock physics modeling provide critical insight to estimate the fluid phase separation depth and understand the structure of hydrothermal systems. Finally, our results show that Poisson's ratio can effectively discriminate gas‐ from water‐saturated zones in hydrothermal systems.
ENSO modulation of tropical Indian Ocean subseasonal variability
Authors: Jung Eunsil , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, we use 30 years of retrospective climate model forecasts and observational estimates to show that El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects the amplitude of subseasonal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwest Indian Ocean, an important Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation (TISO) onset region. The analysis shows that deeper background mixed‐layer depths and warmer upper ocean conditions during El Niño reduce the amplitude of the subseasonal SST variability over Seychelles‐Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR), which may reduce SST‐wind coupling and the amplitude of TISO variability. The opposite holds for La Niña where the shallower mixed‐layer depth enhances SST variability over SCTR, which may increase SST‐wind coupling and the amplitude of TISO variability.
Aridity over a semiarid zone in northern China and responses to the East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Zhang Qiang , Yue Ping , Zhang Liang , Liu Qian , Qiao Shaobo , Yan Pengcheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, the variability of the aridity over a semiarid zone in Northern China from 1961 to 2013 and its association with the northernmost margin of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its intensity were investigated using composite analysis, correlative analysis, and unrotated and rotated empirical orthogonal function analyses. The results indicate that a nonsignificant drying trend (0.03/10 years) occurs over the entire eastern semiarid zone, accompanied by a southward retreat in the northernmost margin of the EASM (0.24°/10 years), and that drying (0.11/10 years) and southward retreat (0.28°/10 years) are most obvious on the Loess Plateau. The response of the annual variation of aridity to changes in the northernmost margin of the EASM is also compared with its responses to changes in the intensity of the EASM; the results indicate that it is more related to the former, especially over the Loess Plateau. Furthermore, an abnormal aridity event is likely to occur over the Loess Plateau in a year when the EASM margin advances to its northernmost latitude abnormally ahead of time and retreats abnormally ahead of time compared to the mean state.
A critical evaluation of modeled solar irradiance over California for hydrologic and land surface modeling
Authors: Lapo Karl E. , Hinkelman Laura M. , Sumargo Edwin , Hughes Mimi , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStudies of land surface processes in complex terrain often require estimates of meteorological variables, i.e., the incoming solar irradiance (Qsi), to force land surface models. However, estimates of Qsi are rarely evaluated within mountainous environments. We evaluated four methods of estimating Qsi: the CERES Synoptic Radiative Fluxes and Clouds (SYN) product, MTCLIM, a regional reanalysis product derived from a long‐term Weather Research and Forecast simulation, and Mountain Microclimate Simulation Model (MTCLIM). These products are evaluated over the Central Valley and Sierra Nevada mountains in California, a region with meteorology strongly impacted by complex topography. We used a spatially dense network of Qsi observations (n = 70) to characterize the spatial characteristics of Qsi uncertainty. Observation sites were grouped into five subregions, and Qsi estimates were evaluated against observations in each subregion. Large monthly biases (up to 80 W m−2) outside the observational uncertainty were found for all estimates in all subregions examined, typically reaching a maximum in the spring. We found that MTCLIM and SYN generally perform the best across all subregions. Differences between Qsi estimates were largest over the Sierra Nevada, with seasonal differences exceeding 50 W m−2. Disagreements in Qsi were especially pronounced when averaging over high‐elevation basins, with monthly differences up to 80 W m−2. Biases in estimated Qsi predominantly occurred with darker than normal conditions associated with precipitation (a proxy for cloud cover), while the presence of aerosols and water vapor was unable to explain the biases. Users of Qsi estimates in regions of complex topography, especially those estimating Qsi to force land surface models, need to be aware of this source of uncertainty.