bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injuries associated with police use of force
Authors: Bozeman William P. , Stopyra Jason P. , Klinger David A. , Martin Brian P. , Graham Derrel D. , Johnson James C. , Mahoney-Tesoriero Katherine , Vail Sydney J. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND
Use of force [UOF] by police can result in serious injuries and fatalities. The risk of significant injuries associated with different force modalities is poorly defined. We sought to determine the incidence of police UOF and compare the likelihood of significant injury with different force modalities.

METHODS
A prospective multicenter observational study of all UOF incidents was conducted via mandatory UOF investigations at three mid-sized police agencies over a two year period. Expert physicians reviewed police and medical records to determine injury severity using a priori injury severity stratification criteria.

RESULTS
There were 893 UOF incidents, representing a UOF rate of 0.086% of 1,041,737 calls for service (1 in 1167) and 0.78% of 114,064 criminal arrests(1 in 128). Suspects were primarily young (mean age, 31 years; range, 12–86 years) males (89%). The 1,399 force utilizations included unarmed physical force (n = 710, 51%), CEWs (504, 30%), chemical (88, 6.3%), canines (47, 3.4%), impact weapons (9, 0.6%), kinetic impact munitions (8, 0.6%), firearms (6, 0.4%), and other (27, 1.9%). Among 914 suspects, 898 (98%) sustained no or mild injury after police UOF. Significant (moderate or severe) injuries occurred in 16 (1.8%) subjects. Logistic regression analysis shows these are most associated with firearm and canine use. There was one fatality (0.1%) due to gunshots. No significant injuries occurred among 504 CEW uses (0%; 95% confidence interval, 0.0–0.9%). Of the 355 suspects transported to a medical facility, 78 (22%) were hospitalized. The majority of hospitalizations were unrelated to UOF (n = 59, 76%), whereas a minority (n = 19, 24%) were due to injuries related to police UOF.

CONCLUSION
Police UOF is rare. When force is used officers most commonly rely on unarmed physical force and CEWs. Significant injuries are rare. Transport for medical evaluation is a poor surrogate for significant injury due to UOF.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiological, level II.
Variability of child access prevention laws and pediatric firearm injuries
Authors: Hamilton Emma C. , Miller Charles C. , Cox Charles S. , Lally Kevin P. , Austin Mary T. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND
State-level child access prevention (CAP) laws impose criminal liability on adults who negligently allow children access to firearms. The CAP laws can be further divided into strong CAP laws which impose criminal liability for negligently stored firearms and weak CAP laws that prohibit adults from intentionally, knowingly, and/or recklessly providing firearms to a minor. We hypothesized that strong CAP laws would be associated with a greater reduction in pediatric firearm injuries than weak CAP laws.

METHODS
We constructed a cross-sectional national study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Kids Inpatient Database from 2006 and 2009 using weighted counts of firearm-related admissions among children younger than 18 years. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of CAP laws with pediatric firearm injuries.

RESULTS
After adjusting for race, sex, age, and socioeconomic income quartile, strong CAP laws were associated with a significant reduction in all (incidence rate ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.93), self-inflicted (incidence rate ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.79), and unintentional (incidence rate ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.74) pediatric firearm injuries. Weak CAP laws, which only impose liability for reckless endangerment, were associated with an increased risk of all pediatric firearm injuries.

CONCLUSION
The association of CAP laws on hospitalizations for pediatric firearm injuries differed greatly depending on whether a state had adopted a strong CAP law or a weak CAP law. Implementation of strong CAP laws by each state, which require safe storage of firearms, has the potential to significantly reduce pediatric firearm injuries.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiology study, level III.
SeqsLab: an integrated platform for cohort-based annotation and interpretation of genetic variants on Spark
Authors: Chang Ming-Tai , Tung Yi-An , Chung Jen-Ming , Yao Hung-Fei , Li Yun-Lung , Lin Yin-Hung , Wang Yao-Ting , Chen Chien-Yu , Su Chung-Tsai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSummarySeqsLab is a platform that helps researchers to easily annotate and interpret genetic variants derived from a large quantity of personal genomes. It provides an integrated interface to annotate the variants based on curated databases as well as in silico estimation on the effects of the variants. SeqsLab adopts the scalable cluster computing framework, Spark, and incorporates several customized algorithms to speed up the process of variant annotation and interpretation. The key features of SeqsLab include efficient annotation on large structural variations, diverse combinations of variant filters, easy incorporation with a vast amount of public databases, and scalable architecture of analyzing hundreds of human whole genomes simultaneously.Availability and ImplementationSeqsLab is implemented with JAVA. The generated annotation will then be stored in Elasticsearch for real-time query and exploratory analysis. SeqsLab can be accessed by web browsers and is freely available at http://portal.seqslab.net/.Contactchungtsai_su@atgenomix.comSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Barcoding analysis of HIV drug resistance mutations using Oxford Nanopore MinION (ONT) sequencing
Authors: Gonzalez Claudia , Gondola Jessica , Ortiz Alma Y , Castillo Juan M , Pascale Juan M , Martinez Alexander A 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDetermination of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is becoming an integral baseline HIV evaluation for newly infected subjects, as the level of pre-treatment resistance is increasing worldwide. Until now, the gold standard for monitoring ART mutations is the Sanger sequencing method, however, next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) because high-throughput capability, are gaining attention as a method for detection of HIVDR. In the present work, we evaluated the use of the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION as an alternative method for detection of drug resistance mutations in pre-treatment HIV positive subjects.We evaluate 36 samples taken during November 2016 from treatment naïve subjects with age greater than 18 years old, who went to the lab for their first HIV monitoring. To evaluate the agreement between Sanger and MinION generated sequences, we aligned the sequences (∼1200bp) with muscle v. 3.8.31. Then we counted the differences and calculated the p-distance of the obtained sequences, comparing paired sequences and grouping Sanger and MinION obtained sequences. The percentage of similarity among each sequence was also evaluated.All samples were submitted to the Standford University HIV drug resistance database (HIVdb version 8.4). Then we compared the resistance predictions obtained from the sequences generated by Sanger and MinION methods.Results: The median of available pores was 1314 for the first run, 1215 for the second run, and 536 for the third run. After 3 hours with SQK-NSK007 a total of 18803 2D reads were base-called and in 16577 reads (88%) a barcode was detected.Comparing the nucleotide differences of each sample, we observed that 23 (74%) samples had identical sequence, for the other samples the percentage of identity among each analyzed sequence was greater than 95%. A good positive predictive value (100%) in the estimation of drug resistance mutations in the groups of protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).We present an approach for the analysis of HIV reads generated with MinION ONT, further studies are guaranteed before the application of this methodology in clinical settings to assess its suitability for HIVDR testing.
Nanjinganthus: An Unexpected Flower from the Jurassic of China
Authors: Fu Qiang , Diez José Bienvenido , Pole Mike , García-Ávila Manuel , Liu Zhong-Jian , Chu Hang , Hou Yemao , Yin Pengfei , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Du Kaihe , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe origin of angiosperms has been the focus of intensive botanical debate for well over a century. The great diversity of angiosperms in the Early Cretaceous makes the Jurassic rather expected to elucidate the origin of angiosperm. Former reports of early angiosperms are frequently based on a single specimen, making many conclusions tentative. Here, based on observations of 284 individual flowers preserved on 28 slabs in various states and orientations, we describe a fossil flower,Nanjinganthus dendrostylagen. et sp. nov., from the South Xiangshan Formation (Early Jurassic) of China. The large number of specimens and various preservations allows us to give an evidenced interpretation of the flower. The complete enclosure of ovules inNanjinganthusis fulfilled by a combination of an invaginated and ovarian roof. Characterized by its actinomorphic flower with a dendroid style, cup-form receptacle, and angio-ovuly,Nanjinganthusis abona fideangiosperm from the Jurassic.Nanjinganthusre-confirms the existence of Jurassic angiosperms and provides first-hand raw data for new analyses on the origin and history of angiosperms.
Investigating systematic review for multi-disciplinary research in the built environment
Authors: Parida Subhadarsini , Brown Kerry 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which a systematic review approach is transferable from medicine to multi-disciplinary studies in the built environment research.Design/methodology/approachPrimarily a review paper, it focuses on specific steps in the systematic review to clarify and elaborate the elements for adapting an evidence base in the built environment studies particular to the impact of green building on employees’ health, well-being and productivity.FindingsWhile research represents a potentially powerful means of reducing the gap between research and practice by applying tried and tested methods, the methodological rigour is debatable when a traditional systematic review approach is applied in the built environment studies involving multi-disciplinary research.Research limitations/implicationsThe foundational contribution of this paper lies in providing methodological guidance and an alternative framework to advance the longstanding efforts in the built environment to bridge the practitioner and academic divide.Originality/valueA systematic review approach in the built environment is rare. The method is unique in multi-disciplinary studies especially in green building studies. This paper adopts the systematic review protocols in this cross-disciplinary study involving health, management and built environment expertise.
Designing an efficient tidal turbine blade through bio-mimicry: a systematic review
Authors: Kulkarni Siddharth , Chapman Craig , Shah Hanifa , Parn Erika Anneli , Edwards David John 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review in the tidal energy physics, the ocean environment, hydrodynamics of horizontal axis tidal turbines and bio-mimicry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an insight of the tidal turbine blade design and need for renewable energy sources to generate electricity through clean energy sources and less CO2emission. The ocean environment, along with hydrodynamic design principles of a horizontal axis tidal turbine blade, is described, including theoretical maximum efficiency, blade element momentum theory and non-dimensional forces acting on tidal turbine blades.FindingsThis review gives an overview of fish locomotion identifying the attributes of the swimming like lift-based thrust propulsion, the locomotion driving factors: dorsal fins, caudal fins in propulsion, which enable the fish to be efficient even at low tidal velocities.Originality/valueFinally, after understanding the phenomenon of caudal fin propulsion and its relationship with tidal turbine blade hydrodynamics, this review focuses on the implications of bio-mimicking a curved caudal fin to design an efficient horizontal axis tidal turbine.
Reflections on studio-based learning: assessment and critique
Authors: Megahed Naglaa 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Since the teaching of architecture is now carried out in architectural studios with the critique session as the core of its assessment, the aim of this paper is to analyse architecture students’ attitudes, satisfaction levels and experiences in terms of different critique and assessment methodologies.

Design/methodology/approach
The study relies on two main approaches – the literature and questionnaire survey. In addition, the study relies on the author’s personal observations in design studio teaching and as a practitioner of the method.

Findings
It is important to establish clear goals for design critique and assessment and to include different critique methodologies – self critique, peer critique, group critique and professional critique. All such methodologies should be undertaken in an interactive environment that facilitates communication and exchange of scholarly thoughts among students, instructors and other professionals.

Practical implications
The study involves the investigation of students’ responses and reactions to the various critique methodologies and their underlying practices in the context of Egypt. This is based on the questionnaire survey undertaken by the author in 2016. The questionnaire is designed to generate both qualitative and quantitative data.

Social implications
This study aims to understand the students’ perspective about their design experiences with regard to studio-based learning and its impact on their education.

Originality/value
While the topic of design critique about students has been studied heavily in the Western world, there is a lack of similar information in most Egyptian universities. To fill this gap, the Architecture Program at Port Said University was closely observed.
The impacts of monetary rewards on public sector employees in construction
Authors: Chinyio Ezekiel , Suresh Subashini , Salisu Jamilu Bappa 
Published: December 2017

PurposeLiterature indicates that monetary reward or compensation impacts on the level of attraction, motivation, job satisfaction and retention of employees. The elements of compensation include salary, bonuses (allowances), gratuity and pension. The purpose of this study is to investigate how these four elements of compensation specifically influence the attraction, motivation, job satisfaction and retention of public sector construction employees of Jigawa State of Nigeria to inform how their employer can raise the current levels of satisfaction and retention of employees.Design/methodology/approachThe Positivist paradigm guided the empirical research where a questionnaire was developed, pilot-tested and administered to 265 people using stratified random sampling. A total of 260 questionnaires were collected, representing a response rate of 98 per cent. The data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results established that construction employees in Jigawa State’s public sector were motivated by allowances and gratuity, attracted to the job by salary, pension and gratuity and remained in their jobs through the influences of gratuity and pension. Gratuity played a major role, as it impacted on all the four variables studied.Practical implicationsThese findings are applicable to Jigawa State of Nigeria but can be extrapolated to other public sector construction employees in the whole country. The findings could also be generalized in other states where the pay scales are different within the ministries.Originality/valueThe impacts of four elements of monetary rewards on four employees’ variables were studied. The specifics of which elements of compensation influence the employees of Jigawa State’s Ministry of Works and Transport have been identified. The findings from this study showed that gratuity played a primary role, as it impacted highly on all the four variables of job attraction, motivation, satisfaction and retention. Pension also played a high role, as it impacted heavily on job attraction, satisfaction and retention. Comparatively salary and allowances had high impact on one variable each: job attraction and motivation, respectively.
Designing a lean storage allocation policy for non-uniform unit loads in a forward-reserve model
Authors: Shah Bhavin , Khanzode Vivek 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The contemporary e-tailing marketplace insists that distribution centers are playing the roles of both wholesalers and retailers which require different storage-handling load sizes due to different product variants. To fulfill piecewise retail orders, a separate small size-fast pick area is design called “forward buffer” wherein pallets are allocated from reserve area. Due to non-uniform pallets, the static allocation policy diminishes forward space utilization and also, more than practically required buffer size has been identified as wastage. Thus, dynamic storage allocation policy is required to design for reducing storage wastage and improving throughput considering non-uniform unit load sizes. The purpose of this paper is to model such policy and develop an e-decision support system assisting enterprise practitioners with real-time decision making.

Design/methodology/approach
The research method is developed as a dynamic storage allocation policy and mathematical modeled as knapsack-based heuristics. The execution procedure of policy is explained as an example and tested with case-specific data. The developed model is implemented as a web-based support system and tested with rational data instances, as well as overcoming prejudices against single case findings.

Findings
The provided model considers variable size storage-handling unit loads and recommends number of pallets allocations in forward area reducing storage wastes. The algorithm searches and suggests the “just-right” amount of allocations for each product balancing existing forward capacity. It also helps to determine “lean buffer” size for forward area ensuring desired throughput. Sensitivity and buffer performance analysis is carried out for Poisson distributed data sets followed by research synthesis.

Practical implications
Warehouse practitioners can use this model ensuring a desired throughput level with least forward storage wastages. The model driven e-decision support system (DSS) helps for effective real-time decision making under complicated business scenarios wherein products are having different physical dimensions. It assists the researchers who would like to explore the emerging field of “lean” adoption in enterprise information and retail-distribution management.

Originality/value
The paper provides an inventive approach endorsing lean thinking in storage allocation policy design for a forward-reserve model. Also, the developed methodology incorporating features of e-DSS along with quantitative modeling is an inimitable research contribution justifying rational data support.
Mobile supply chain management in the Industry 4.0 era
Authors: Barata João , Rupino Da Cunha Paulo , Stal Janusz 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify avenues for future research in mobile supply chain management (mSCM) in the advent of Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was used to identify, classify, and analyze current knowledge, identify trends, and propose recommendations for future research.FindingsOther research fields, such as operations, production, industrial engineering, and computer science, seem to have a head start in research into Industry 4.0. Several avenues are suggested for investigation under an information systems lens.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the care taken in the systematic literature review, the language (English), the selected keywords, and selected databases represent a natural limitation.Practical implicationsWith Industry 4.0 at the top of the agenda of managers and countries, it is important to identify relevant research avenues.Originality/valueA gap between the extant literature on mSCM and new concerns raised by Industry 4.0 is presented, and some research opportunities to close those gaps are proposed.
Exploring the determinants of liquidity with big data – market heterogeneity in German markets
Authors: Cajias Marcelo , Freudenreich Philipp 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the market liquidity (time-on-market (TOM)) and its determinants, for rental dwellings in the largest seven German cities, with big data.Design/methodology/approachThe determinants of TOM are estimated with the Cox proportional hazards model. Hedonic characteristics, as well as socioeconomic and spatial variables, are combined with different fixed effects and controls for non-linearity, so as to maximise the explanatory power of the model.FindingsHigher asking rent and larger living space decrease the liquidity in all seven markets, while the age of a dwelling, the number of rooms and proximity to the city centre accelerate the letting process. For the other hedonic characteristics heterogeneous implications emerge.Practical implicationsThe findings are of interest for institutional and private landlords, as well as governmental organisations in charge of housing and urban development.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to deal with the liquidity of rental dwellings in the seven most populated cities of Europe’s second largest rental market, by applying the Cox proportional hazards model with spatial gravity variables. Furthermore, the German rental market is of particular interest, as approximately 60 per cent of all rental dwellings are owned by private landlords and the German market is organised polycentrically.