bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen limitation, plasticity in floral traits, and mixed mating system in an alpine plant Pedicularis siphonantha (Orobanchaceae) from different altitudes
Authors: Dai Wen‐Kui , Kadiori Edwin Luguba , Wang Qing‐Feng , Yang Chun‐Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlant mating systems rapidly respond to pollen limitation in changing environments. However, whether and how floral traits are involved in a mating system shift requires further investigation. A widely distributed and bumblebee‐pollinated lousewort, Pedicularis siphonantha D. Don was studied. We investigated pollination systems, reproductive success, and floral traits in four large populations growing from 3200 m to 4300 m. Pollinator activity in low altitude populations was lower and these populations had a decreased fruit set and seed number per capsule compared to populations at high altitudes. Supplemental hand pollination with outcross pollen significantly increased seed production per capsule for plants from high altitudes but not for those from lower altitudes. We also found that bumblebees visited more flowers within an inflorescence in a single foraging bout in high altitudes compared with low altitudes, which caused a high possibility of geitonogamous mating. These differences may be pollination‐dependent rather than inheritance‐based because hand pollination on bagged flowers did not cause a difference in seed production across populations. Compared to plants from low altitudes, high‐altitude plants had increased flower longevity, larger floral displays, higher pollen production per flower, and shorter corolla tubes, which were found to be well in accordance with changes in both pollination environment and mating system. Plasticity in floral traits might help plants to adjust their resource allocation strategies in response to their habitat, which might be linked with pollination environment. The variability among these populations might be beneficial for this widely distributed species to cope with environmental changes.
‘Taking the Politics out of Broccoli’: Debating (De)meatification in UK National and Regional Newspaper Coverage of the Meat Free Mondays Campaign
Authors: Morris Carol 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article addresses UK society's relationship with meat and specifically explores the extent to which a process of ‘de‐meatification’ is underway in this context and one of the mechanisms involved. It does so through analysis of reporting of the Meat Free Mondays (MFM) campaign in the national and regional British print news media. MFM offers a convenient yet powerful vehicle for trying to understand shifting meanings of meat not least because it directly challenges, and generates debate about the dominant – meat based – diet. The article concludes by arguing that a shift is taking place in the status of meat within UK society with the print news media acting as a mechanism that is working in support of de‐meatification. However, these conclusions are qualified in a number of important ways, including the anthropocentrism of the (de)meatification debate, its geographical variability and its weakly politicised character.
Psychopharmacologic treatment and blood transfusion in fast‐track total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gylvin Silas Hinsch , Jørgensen Christoffer Calov , Fink‐Jensen Anders , Johansson Pär I. , Kehlet Henrik ,   on behalf of the Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast‐track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other psychotropics are receiving increasing attention due to reports on inhibition of thrombocyte function and an increased bleeding risk in surgical settings. Studies in total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA, respectively) have shown conflicting results, questioning whether the potential increased bleeding risk is of clinical importance.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSProspective consecutive collection of data on preoperative comorbidity in patients undergoing primary unilateral THA or TKA was cross‐referenced with regional transfusion databases and The Danish National Database of Reimbursed Prescriptions for information regarding blood transfusions and psychopharmacologic treatment. All participating orthopedic centers followed similar perioperative guidelines. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for transfusion between preoperative users and nonusers of psychotropics.RESULTSOf 8402 patients, 569 (6.8%) were SSRI users versus 7833 (93.2%) nonusers. A total of 109 (19,2%) patients in the SSRI group and 700 (8.9%) in the “no‐SSRI” group received blood intra‐ or postoperatively. Preoperative SSRI treatment was a risk factor for perioperative transfusion (OR, 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44‐2.70). Other antidepressants (OAs) were associated with an increased risk of transfusion (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.44) as well as the combination of SSRIs and OAs (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.79‐6.13). Singular use of antipsychotics (APs) increased the transfusion risk (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.04‐2.41), while AP medicine in combination with antidepressants did not.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative treatment with SSRIs, OAs, or APs are independent risk factors for blood transfusion in elective fast‐track THA and TKA.
Spirituality in Alternative Correctional Method on Hard Core Drug Addict: Case Study of “Anak Bina Inabah”
Authors: Maamor Selamah , Abd Ghani Abdullah , Aziz Ahmad Bashir , Ahmad Razimi Mohd Shahril , Abdul Wahab Norazlina , Elias Nor Hanim , Nik Abdullah Nik Safiah 
Published: January 2017

This article is part of a larger study on the role of spirituality in correcting/rectifying the hard core drug addict. The study seeks to reveal the meaning of the experience through the stories of three Muslim who used to involve with drug addiction, to better understand the deep meanings that inform their experiences with spirituality and transformation as they cope with the challenges of drug addict. Data were gathered using in depth interview. Qualitative methods were used in identifying two themes which are closer to Allah will make them far from drug and fulfil soul to rectify physical and spiritual. The themes were discussed in the context of two broad areas: (1) what are the new meanings these man discovered in their experiences in drug addiction; and (2) how did the new meanings (change their lives). The study suggests that former drug addict experiences with drug addict and their learning processes must be understood within the appropriate cultural context. The common emphasis of spirituality on relationship with God, self and others, may significantly influence how people learn to live without drug.
Descriptive Review of Energy Performance Evaluation Approaches
Authors: Jaganathan Siva , Mohammed Abdul Hakim , Abdul Rahman Mohd Shahril 
Published: January 2017

This study address energy performance evaluation uncertainities in design. To achieve energy efficiency in building, designer should incorporate energy performance evaluation approach to foresight energy performance failure during design. The research has evaluated and compares the capabilities of energy performances evaluation approaches namely computational fluid dynamic approach, optimization algorithm, and coupled approach. Furthermore, descriptive review unveils the practical obstacles and challenges designers encounter during design life cycle and proposes future direction to mitigate inundated energy performance gap.
Personal Factors Effect Towards Nurses Knowledge Sharing Behaviour
Authors: Abdul Mannan Ayesha , Bakri Norhani , Shaari Roziana 
Published: January 2017

In this study, presenteeism and altruism factors were tested. Presenteeism in this study refer to the positive attitude to implement tasks by nurses. While altruism in this study refer to intrinsic motivation to help others without expecting any return. This study integrates belonging theory and social exchange theory. A survey were conducted on 386 nurses from Malaysia’s government hospitals. Structural Equation Modeling was carried out to examine the proposed factors of the research model. Finding proved presenteeism and altruism affected nurse’s knowledge sharing behavior.
Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Echinocandin CD101 in Multiple Animal Species
Authors: Ong Voon , James Kenneth D. , Smith Steven , Krishnan B. Radha 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

CD101 is a novel semisynthetic echinocandin with antifungal activity against
Candida
and
Aspergillus
spp. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of CD101 administered intravenously to mice, rats, dogs, cynomolgus monkeys, and chimpanzees are presented. CD101 consistently exhibited very low clearance, a modest volume of distribution at steady state (
V
ss
), and a long half-life (
t
1/2
) across all species tested. In mouse, rat, dog, cynomolgus monkey, and chimpanzee, CD101 clearance was 0.10, 0.47, 0.30, 0.41, and 0.06 ml/min/kg, respectively;
V
ss
was 206, 1,390, not determined, 597, and 400 ml/kg, respectively; and
t
1/2
was 25, 39, 53, 40, and 81 h, respectively. CD101 demonstrated a lower clearance and correspondingly longer half-life than those of anidulafungin, with more pronounced differences in higher species (anidulafungin
t
1/2
, 8 h in cynomolgus monkey and 30 h in chimpanzee). In the rat, tissue/plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios, in descending order, were 4.62 (kidney), 4.33 (lung), 4.14 (liver), 3.87 (spleen), 1.09 (heart), and 0.609 (brain), indicating that CD101 exposure relative to plasma levels was comparable for major organs (approximately 4-fold higher in tissue than in plasma), with the exception of the heart and brain. Biliary elimination of intact CD101 was the predominant route of excretion; the mean cumulative amount of CD101 excreted into the bile and feces over the course of 5 days accounted for 22.6% and 27.7% of the total dose administered, respectively. There were no sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of CD101. Given its low clearance, long half-life, and wide tissue distribution, CD101 once weekly is expected to provide appropriate systemic levels for treatment and prevention of invasive fungal infections.
Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Limited Sampling Strategies Based on Healthy Volunteers for Monitoring of Ertapenem in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: van Rijn S. P. , Zuur M. A. , van Altena R. , Akkerman O. W. , Proost J. H. , de Lange W. C. M. , Kerstjens H. A. M. , Touw D. J. , van der Werf T. S. , Kosterink J. G. W. , Alffenaar J. W. C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Ertapenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic whose activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is being explored. Carbapenems have antibacterial activity when the plasma concentration exceeds the MIC at least 40% of the time (40%
T
MIC
). To assess the 40%
T
MIC
in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients, a limited sampling strategy was developed using a population pharmacokinetic model based on data for healthy volunteers. A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was developed with data for 42 healthy volunteers using an iterative two-stage Bayesian method. External validation was performed by Bayesian fitting of the model developed with data for volunteers to the data for individual MDR-TB patients (in which the fitted values of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h [AUC
0–24, fit
values] were used) using the population model developed for volunteers as a prior. A Monte Carlo simulation (
n
= 1,000) was used to evaluate limited sampling strategies. Additionally, the 40%
T
MIC
with the free fraction (
f
40%
T
MIC
) of ertapenem in MDR-TB patients was estimated with the population pharmacokinetic model. The population pharmacokinetic model that was developed was shown to overestimate the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC
0–24
) in MDR-TB patients by 6.8% (range, −17.2 to 30.7%). The best-performing limited sampling strategy, which had a time restriction of 0 to 6 h, was found to be sampling at 1 and 5 h (
r
2
= 0.78, mean prediction error = −0.33%, root mean square error = 5.5%). Drug exposure was overestimated by a mean percentage of 4.2% (range, −15.2 to 23.6%). When a free fraction of 5% was considered and the MIC was set at 0.5 mg/liter, the minimum
f
40%
T
MIC
would have been exceeded in 9 out of 12 patients. A population pharmacokinetic model and limited sampling strategy, developed using data from healthy volunteers, were shown to be adequate to predict ertapenem exposure in MDR-TB patients.
Transposase-Mediated Excision, Conjugative Transfer, and Diversity of ICE
6013
Elements in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sansevere Emily A. , Luo Xiao , Park Joo Youn , Yoon Sunghyun , Seo Keun Seok , Robinson D. Ashley 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

ICE
6013
represents one of two families of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) identified in the pan-genome of the human and animal pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
. Here we investigated the excision and conjugation functions of ICE
6013
and further characterized the diversity of this element. ICE
6013
excision was not significantly affected by growth, temperature, pH, or UV exposure and did not depend on
recA
. The IS
30
-like DDE transposase (Tpase; encoded by
orf1
and
orf2
) of ICE
6013
must be uninterrupted for excision to occur, whereas disrupting three of the other open reading frames (ORFs) on the element significantly affects the level of excision. We demonstrate that ICE
6013
conjugatively transfers to different
S. aureus
backgrounds at frequencies approaching that of the conjugative plasmid pGO1. We found that excision is required for conjugation, that not all
S. aureus
backgrounds are successful recipients, and that transconjugants acquire the ability to transfer ICE
6013
. Sequencing of chromosomal integration sites in serially passaged transconjugants revealed a significant integration site preference for a 15-bp AT-rich palindromic consensus sequence, which surrounds the 3-bp target site that is duplicated upon integration. A sequence analysis of ICE
6013
from different host strains of
S. aureus
and from eight other species of staphylococci identified seven divergent subfamilies of ICE
6013
that include sequences previously classified as a transposon, a plasmid, and various ICEs. In summary, these results indicate that the IS
30
-like Tpase functions as the ICE
6013
recombinase and that ICE
6013
represents a diverse family of mobile genetic elements that mediate conjugation in staphylococci.

IMPORTANCE
Integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) encode the abilities to integrate into and excise from bacterial chromosomes and plasmids and mediate conjugation between bacteria. As agents of horizontal gene transfer, ICEs may affect bacterial evolution. ICE
6013
represents one of two known families of ICEs in the pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
, but its core functions of excision and conjugation are not well studied. Here, we show that ICE
6013
depends on its IS
30
-like DDE transposase for excision, which is unique among ICEs, and we demonstrate the conjugative transfer and integration site preference of ICE
6013
. A sequence analysis revealed that ICE
6013
has diverged into seven subfamilies that are dispersed among staphylococci.
Metabolic Phenotype and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Normal-Weight Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Liang Xiaoyun , Margolis Karen L. , Hendryx Michael , Rohan Thomas E. , Groessl Erik J. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Simon Michael S. , Lane Dorothy , Stefanick Marcia , Luo Juhua 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in normal-weight adults is 30%, and few studies have explored the association between metabolic phenotype and colorectal cancer incidence in normal-weight individuals. Our aim was to compare the risk of colorectal cancer in normal-weight postmenopausal women who were characterized by either the metabolically healthy phenotype or the metabolically unhealthy phenotype.
Methods: A large prospective cohort, the Women's Health Initiative, was used. The analytic sample included 5,068 postmenopausal women with BMI 18.5 to &lt;25 kg/m2. Metabolic phenotype was defined using the Adult Treatment Panel-III definition, excluding waist circumference; therefore, women with one or none of the four components (elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose) were classified as metabolically healthy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted HRs for the association between metabolic phenotype and risk of colorectal cancer.
Results: Among normal-weight women, those who were metabolically unhealthy had higher risks of colorectal cancer (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02–2.18) compared with those who were metabolically healthy.
Conclusions: A metabolically unhealthy phenotype was associated with higher risk of colorectal cancer among normal-weight women.
Impact: Normal-weight women should still be evaluated for metabolic health and appropriate steps taken to reduce their risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 155–61. ©2017 AACR.
FROST-2014: The Sochi Winter Olympics International Project
Authors: Kiktev Dmitry , Joe Paul , Isaac George A. , Montani Andrea , Frogner Inger-Lise , Nurmi Pertti , Bica Benedikt , Milbrandt Jason , Tsyrulnikov Michael , Astakhova Elena , Bundel Anastasia , Bélair Stéphane , Pyle Matthew , Muravyev Anatoly , Rivin Gdaly , Rozinkina Inna , Paccagnella Tiziana , Wang Yong , Reid Janti , Nipen Thomas , Ahn Kwang-Deuk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme’s (WWRP) Forecast and Research in the Olympic Sochi Testbed program (FROST-2014) was aimed at the advancement and demonstration of state-of-the-art nowcasting and short-range forecasting systems for winter conditions in mountainous terrain. The project field campaign was held during the 2014 XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games and preceding test events in Sochi, Russia. An enhanced network of in situ and remote sensing observations supported weather predictions and their verification. Six nowcasting systems (model based, radar tracking, and combined nowcasting systems), nine deterministic mesoscale numerical weather prediction models (with grid spacings down to 250 m), and six ensemble prediction systems (including two with explicitly simulated deep convection) participated in FROST-2014. The project provided forecast input for the meteorological support of the Sochi Olympic Games. The FROST-2014 archive of winter weather observations and forecasts is a valuable information resource for mesoscale predictability studies as well as for the development and validation of nowcasting and forecasting systems in complex terrain. The resulting innovative technologies, exchange of experience, and professional developments contributed to the success of the Olympics and left a post-Olympic legacy.
Professional views of supporting relatives of mental health clients with severe mental illness
Authors: Hjärthag Fredrik , Persson Karin , Ingvarsdotter Karin , Östman Margareta 
Published: January 2017

Background: Supporting families where one person suffers from long-term severe mental illness (SMI) is essential, but seems hard to reach. The aim of this study was to examine professionals’ views of supporting relatives of persons with SMI. Material: Individual interviews mirroring personal narratives and group interviews reflecting group-processed answers were conducted among 23 professionals and analyzed thematically. Results: Three themes emerged: (a) information and group interaction reduces stigma and increases well-being, (b) professionals need to feel secure and confident about how the support structure works and (c) collaboration is difficult but required on several levels. Conclusion: Trusting relationships with families were considered important, although seldom achieved; professionals wished to feel secure in their role toward relatives of a person with SMI; and professionals wanted to feel confident when working together with other services to support families.
Pedicled Temporalis Muscle Flap Stuffing after a Lateral Temporal Bone Resection for Treating Mastoid Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Chen Junming , Lin Feng , Liu Zhen , Yu Youjun , Wang Yuejian 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of lateral temporal bone resection and pedicled temporalis muscle flap stuffing with external auditory canal closure with those of canal wall down mastoidectomy for the treatment of mastoid osteoradionecrosis.Study DesignProspective nonrandomized case‐control clinical study.SettingDepartment of Otolaryngology of the First People’s Hospital of Foshan.Subjects and MethodsSeventy‐seven postirradiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with mastoid osteoradionecrosis were included. Forty patients (40 ears) underwent lateral temporal bone resection in the temporalis muscle flap group. Their pedicled temporalis muscle flaps were laid on the surgical cavity, and the external canal opening was simultaneously closed. Thirty‐seven patients (37 ears) underwent a canal wall down mastoidectomy in the mastoidectomy group. The surgical wounds and complications following surgery were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe patients were followed for 2 years. The percentage of patients with purulent otorrhea and persistent osteoradionecrosis in the temporalis muscle flap group was lower than that in the mastoidectomy group.ConclusionOur preliminary results suggest that lateral temporal bone resection with the pedicled temporalis muscle flap filled into the surgical cavity, followed by closure of the external auditory canal, represents a valuable approach for treating mastoid osteoradionecrosis.
Physical Activity–Related Injury Profile in Children and Adolescents According to Their Age, Maturation, and Level of Sports Participation
Authors: Costa e Silva Lara , Fragoso Maria Isabel , Teles Júlia 
Published: January 2017

Background: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial, enhancing healthy development. However, one-third of school-age children practicing sports regularly suffer from an injury. These injuries are associated with sex, chronological age, and PA level. Purpose: To identify the importance of age, PA level, and maturity as predictors of injury in Portuguese youth. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Information about injury and PA level was assessed via 2 questionnaires (LESADO RAPIL II) from 647 subjects aged 10 to 17 years. Maturity offset according to Mirwald (time before or after peak height velocity) and Tanner-Whitehouse III bone age estimates were used to evaluate maturation. Binary logistic regression and gamma regression were used to determine significant predictors of injury and injury rate. Results: Injury occurrence was higher for both sexes in recreational, school, and federated athletes (athletes engaged in sports that are regulated by their respective federations, with formal competition). These injuries also increased with age in boys and in the higher maturity offset group in girls. Injury rate was higher for both sexes in the no sports participation group. Early-maturing girls, with higher bone age and lower maturity offset, showed higher injury rate. Conclusion: Injuries in Portuguese youth were related to PA level, age, and biological maturation. Recreational, school, and federated athletes had more injury ocurrences while subjects with no sports participation had higher injury risk. Older subjects had more injuries. Early-maturing girls that had just passed peak height velocity may be particularly vulnerable to risk of sports injury because of the growing process. Clinical Relevance: Increased knowledge about injury with specific PA exposure data is important to an overall risk management strategy. This study has deepened the association between injury and biological maturation variables.