bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticide fate on catchment scale: conceptual modelling of stream CSIA data
Authors: Lutz Stefanie R. , Velde Ype van der , Elsayed Omniea F. , Imfeld Gwenaël , Lefrancq Marie , Payraudeau Sylvain , van Breukelen Boris M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) has proven beneficial in the characterization of contaminant degradation in groundwater, but it has never been used to assess pesticide transformation on catchment scale. This study presents concentration and carbon CSIA data of the herbicides S-metolachlor and acetochlor from three locations (plot, drain, and catchment outlets) in a 47 ha agricultural catchment (Bas-Rhin, France). Herbicide concentrations at the catchment outlet were highest (62 µg L−1) in response to an intense rainfall event following herbicide application. Increasing δ13C values of S-metolachlor and acetochlor by more than 2 ‰ during the study period indicated herbicide degradation. To assist the interpretation of these data, discharge, concentrations, and δ13C values of S-metolachlor were modelled with a conceptual mathematical model using the transport formulation by travel-time distributions. Testing of different model setups supported the assumption that degradation half-lives (DT50) increase with increasing soil depth, which can be straightforwardly implemented in conceptual models using travel-time distributions. Moreover, model calibration yielded an estimate of a field-integrated isotopic enrichment factor as opposed to laboratory-based assessments of enrichment factors in closed systems. Thirdly, the Rayleigh equation commonly applied in groundwater studies was tested by our model for its potential to quantify degradation on catchment scale. It provided conservative estimates on the extent of degradation as occurred in stream samples. However, largely exceeding the simulated degradation within the entire catchment, these estimates were not representative of overall degradation on catchment scale. The conceptual modelling approach thus enabled us to upscale sample-based CSIA information on degradation to the catchment scale. Overall, this study demonstrates the benefit of combining monitoring and conceptual modelling of concentration and CSIA data and advocates the use of travel-time distributions for assessing pesticide fate and transport on catchment scale.
“Every kid is where they’re supposed to be, and it’s a miracle”: Family Formation Stories among Adoptive Families
Authors: Sawin Patricia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The process of adopting a child can be protracted and difficult. Members of families formed through adoption, especially international or transracial adoption, often find that others treat their family as not fully real or legitimate. I analyze stories told by five adoptive mothers about the remarkable circumstances through which their children joined their families and their attendant sense that larger-than-human forces must have played a role. Critics of international adoption object that such stories depict birth parents as expendable and mask political and economic inequality. I argue that such an interpretation results when the stories are overgeneralized and stretched beyond their meaning-making capacity. When told within and among adoptive families, they valuably stabilize mothers’ identities and assure children that they belong.
To Leave Your Kindred and Your Father’s House. Contemporary Dutch Christian Border Narratives
Authors: Moenandar Sjoerd-Jeroen , Huisman Krina 
Published: October 2017

In this article the authors analyse a collection of essays written by young Dutch people who grew up in the Reformed Liberated Church, a small Christian denomination in the Netherlands. Traditionally, this church is characterised by its inwards nature: members strive to live their lives within the confinements that the church and its institutions stipulate. This has changed over the last few decades and the essays attest to the effects these changes have had on individual lives. We discuss the underlying narrative structure of their accounts and how the authors negotiate different lifestyles and interpretations of the Christian faith on either side of the borders that demarcate the Reformed Liberated tradition. We discuss if – and how – the essays work towards an outcome of ‘discordant concordance’ (Ricœur) where narrative identities remain whole, despite relatively drastic border crossings in the course of the lives that formed them. We address how these stories give insight into how people use the stories they tell to define what needs to be remembered and forgotten when we cross borders. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these essays and our analysis of them for our understanding of today’s globalised and multicultural societies in which many are in a permanent state of transition. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on February 17th and published on August 28th 2017.
Design of Sensor Data Flow for Ship Information System
Authors: Xing Bowen , Liu Sheng , Chen Xiao , Zhi Pengfei 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the design principles of sensor data flow in ship information system (SIS) structure are researched. In order to save communication resources to achieve the practicable maximum without sacrificing the expected performance of system, an observability analysis-based setting method is proposed to shorten the length of each sensor data flow. In addition, according to the determined data flow length, a scheduling algorithm is presented to set the content of data flow as well. This scheduling algorithm is based on a double-index evaluation method, which includes the variation of sensor data during assigned steps, meanwhile the deviation between estimated value and real value of observation is considered as well. Besides these, algorithm and hardware realization examples are provided at the end of this paper.

1. Introduction
The past three decades have witnessed the rapid spreading of a ship information system (SIS) architecture in which sensors and actuators exchange information with a Command Control Interface (CCI) through a communication network. Based on such wide-scale networks, ship control/monitoring systems (such as Integrated Bridge System, Standard Machinery Control System) are able to be linked together. These technological advances make it possible to create a highly integrated real-time control architecture in a modern ship (Geer 2009). As a result, several SISs have been widely applied in different types of ships, e.g., RICE (Lister and Rosie 1995), Ship System 2000 (Källberg and Stråhle 2001), GEDMS (Meier and Manfredi 2006), FORCEnet (Waters et al. 2005), and Total Ship Computing Environment (Henry et al. 2009).
For most designers, the SIS is more like a special application case of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, the theory research of SIS is scattered and immethodical. However, there also exist several differences in normal SCADA system and SIS. For example, the connection principle between distributed controller units (DCUs) and remote terminal units in SIS is mere proximity instead of task relation, which has reduced the difficulty of planning and laying networks greatly, but increases the complexity of every control processes in SIS, most missions in SIS are designed to be completed by several DCUs cooperatively. Such structure has been summarized briefly by Liu et al. (2014a). Mostly, a SIS could be regarded as a wide-scale sensor/actuator network under a highly integrated structure in the ship environment, which increases the importance of sensor information obtaining ability. In recent years, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed a multisensory real-time detection system for situational awareness named "Volume Sensor" (Minor et al. 2007). This designed framework can serve as a template for a variety of real-time sensing and situational awareness applications.
On the Interfoil Spacing and Phase Lag of Tandem Flapping Foil Propulsors
Authors: Epps Brenden P. , Muscutt Luke E. , Roesler Bernard T. , Weymouth Gabriel D. , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical basis upon which to advance and deploy novel tandem flapping foil systems for efficient marine propulsion. We put forth three key insights into tandem flapping foil hydrodynamics related to their choreography, propulsive efficiency, and unsteady loading. In particular, we propose that the performance of the aft foil depends on a new nondimensional number, s/Uτ, which is the interfoil separation s normalized by the distance that the freestream U advects in one flapping period, τ. Additionally, we show how unsteady loading can be mitigated through choice of phase lag.

1. Introduction
Marine propulsion has been an important engineering problem since the time of Archimedes (287–212 BC) (Carlton 1994). The evolution of propulsor design from the classic Archimedes screw to the modern screw propeller has primarily been driven by considerations of efficiency. A hydrodynamically efficient propulsor has low friction losses, low turbulent losses, an ability to manipulate incident vorticity, and a stable and persistent jet-type wake. it is composed of lifting surfaces with high aspect ratio and large lift-to-drag ratio. Although screw propellers offer advantages with regard to mechanical simplicity (just need to turn the shaft!), they have practical limitations that place upper bounds on the overall hydrodynamic efficiency, such as the limitations of aspect ratio due to cavitation at high tip speeds.
Research with isolated flapping foils has demonstrated up to 87% propulsive efficiency (Anderson et al. 1998), nearly achieving the ideal efficiency of an actuator disk. However, single-foil propulsion is not practical due to shortcomings, such as large oscillations in thrust, large unsteady side forces, and no mechanical redundancy. Many other nontraditional propulsors also suffer these flaws or are simply inefficient. Biomimetic concept designs and trade-offs have recently been reviewed by Fish (2013).
One promising nontraditional propulsor concept involves in-line tandem flapping foils (two hydrofoils, one aft of the other). Recent research indicates that the high efficiency of a single flapping foil may be possible with a tandem foil arrangement (Akhtar et al. 2007; Boschitsch et al. 2014). Tandem flapping foils may also solve the operational problems associated with a single foil, such as inconsistent thrust and side force.
Procedure Qualification of TC4ELI Titanium Alloy with Horizontal Electron Beam Welding for Submersible Hull
Authors: Fu Peng-fei , Mao Zhi-yong , Wang Xi-chang , Tang Zhen-yun , Zuo Cong-jin , Li Kai 
Published: October 2017

The horizontal electron beam welding (EBW) was used on TC4ELI alloy with 60 mm thickness, and the welding procedures and the properties of the joints involved in the manufacturing of the submersible hull were investigated. The weld had α′ martensite microstructure, which was uniform along the welding penetration, and the microhardness of the weld was 322–356 HV0.2. The tensile strength of the joint was 915 MPa, equivalent to that of the base metals, and the percentage elongation after fracture was more than 12%. The impact absorption energies of both the weld and heat-affected zone specimens were above 30 J, and the bending angle of the joint reached 180°. The effects of the microstructure and macromorphology on the mechanical properties of the joints are discussed. The properties proved the reliability of EBW for the manned submersible hull, which would contribute to developing the manned submersibles.

1. Introduction
The manned submersible is a deep-sea detector, and the hull of the manned submersible is one of the significant parts that needed the excellent performance to protect the engineers and apparatus. Welding is essential for manufacturing the manned submersible hull. The GTA welding procedure of 10Ni–8Co steel was studied for the manned submersible hulls, and the effects of the procedure on the joints properties were investigated (Takeda et al. 1981). The welding procedure, electron beam welding (EBW), was also applied on 10Ni–8Co steel and Ti6Al4V ELI alloy for the hull of the submersible SHINKAI 2000 in Japan, which can operate up to a depth of 2000 m (Endo et al. 1981a, 1981b, 1985). The collapse behavior of the hull was studied by using three models (Yokota et al. 1985). The fabrication procedures using EBW were studied on the material tested for the hull of SHINKAI 6500 (Takagawa et al. 1990). EBW was suitable to manufacture the hulls of the manned submersibles with several inches thick titanium alloys or high-strength steels, owing to many advantages (Zhao & Liu 2014; Tsai & Wang 2014; Huang et al. 2012; Sabol et al. 2014; Yang et al. 2014; Kaur et al. 2015; Brown et al. 2011; Fu, et al. 2014a, 2014b). But in these studies, the procedures of EBW were not explicitly investigated, and the microstructure and the properties of the joints along the welding penetration were also not discussed. The TC4ELI alloy (Ti6Al4V ELI) was also used to make the hulls of the manned submersible in China. Herein, the procedure and properties of EBW using horizontal gun were studied, and the feasibility of manufacturing the hull by EBW was evaluated.
Resistance and Trim Modeling of a Systematic Planing Hull Series 62 (with 12.5°, 25°, and 30° Deadrise Angles) Using Artificial Neural Networks, Part 2: Mathematical Models
Authors: Radojcic Dejan V. , Kalajdzic Milan D. , Zgradic Antonio B. , Simic Aleksandar P. 
Published: October 2017

Recent advances in high-speed computing, combined with the emergence of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques for the analysis of large data sets, has enabled researchers to provide the design community with higher-resolution mathematical models (MMs) for existing test data. Presently, one of the most popular planing hull prediction methods for resistance and trim are based on regressions of the Series 62 database. New MMs developed here address two major shortcomings of the original approaches; first, the equations are now continuous functions of volumetric Froude number (rather than separate regressions for each speed), and second, MM for trim is much more accurate, enabling designers to identify the double hump in trim that is associated with dynamic instabilities at higher speeds. This work describes the derivation of MMs for calm water resistance and running trim angle corresponding to volume Froude numbers of 1.0–4.0, and includes not only the original David Taylor Model Basin Series 62 data for 12.5° deadrise, but also the later extensions made by Delft University of Technology, including 25° and 30° deadrise. Part 1 of this research, published separately, explains the streamlining of the foundational database—how outliers are identified, and methods to provide a database from which stable MM can be developed. The present article, Part 2, deals with the derivation of the actual mathematical model. Two ANN techniques were used, with single output, which has been applied to similar problems in the past, and with multiple output, which is a new approach to the problem. The results of the two different methods, both developing satisfactory models, are discussed and compared.

1. Introduction
The primary objective of this article is to derive mathematical models (MMs) for calculation of calm water resistance and dynamic trim angle (τ) within the speed range corresponding to volume Froude numbers (Fn∇) = 1.0–4.0 for the systematic hard chine, planing hull Series 62. Part 1, published separately, explains the methodology for establishing a database suitable for modeling, whereas this part deals with the derivation of adequate MMs. Namely, Series 62 originally consisted of five models of 12.5° deadrise tested at the David Taylor Model Basin. Later, models of 25° and 30° deadrise were tested by Delft University of Technology (DUT) - see Keuning and Geritsma (1982) and Keuning et al. (1993). The accumulation of test data developed over a 30-year period by multiple research institutions provided a considerable challenge to organize and form a database from.
Government Initiated Unannounced Exercises (GIUEs): Developing Response Best Practices to Improve Marine Environmental Response Preparedness
Authors: Klarmann Christopher , Rossetti LCDR Johna 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT ID: 2017-101 – GIUEs: Developing Best Practices to Improve Marine Environmental Response Preparedness
The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) is authorized by the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) of 1990 to conduct Government Initiated Unannounced Exercises (GIUE), a cornerstone of the oil spill exercise cycle. These exercises are instrumental for USCG Captains of the Port (COTP) to evaluate industry preparedness for oil spill response by specifically testing a facility or vessel on notification procedures, response time, and deployment of facility-owned or Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) equipment. Facility Response Plan holders and Vessel Response Plan holders are subject to these exercises under federal regulations 33 C.F.R. § 154 and § 155.
In 2013, the USCG restructured their GIUE policy to provide better guidance for employees. This updated policy detailed how to properly plan and conduct a GIUE as well as established expectations following both satisfactory and unsatisfactory exercises. In this paper we will examine the changes that the USCG has made regarding its policy on planning and conducting GIUEs, describe how USCG field units are implementing the new policy, including how unsatisfactory GIUEs are addressed, and examine what commonalities, are being seen in GIUE unsatisfactory results. Finally, we will discuss how plan holders, OSROs, and regulatory agencies can work together to better prepare for responding to an environmental emergency when it occurs.
Prediction of Postoperative Early Recurrence and Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Kurahara Hiroshi , Maemura Kosei , Mataki Yuko , Sakoda Masahiko , Iino Satoshi , Kawasaki Yota , Arigami Takaaki , Mori Shinichiro , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: October 2017

Background:Stratification of pancreatic cancer patients based on early recurrence and prognosis is essential for selecting optimal therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels can be better used to predict early recurrence and prognosis.Methods:Patients whose CA 19-9 levels obtained in association with total bilirubin &gt;2.0 mg/dL and whose CA 19-9 levels &lt;5.0 U/mL were excluded to avoid the influence of obstructive jaundice and Lewis phenotype Lea−b−, respectively. A total of 125 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent surgical resection were enrolled.Results:Larger tumor size, higher serum CA 19-9 level, higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level, more advanced T status, and lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with recurrence within 1 year after surgery (early recurrence). The rate of early recurrence in patients with CA 19-9 levels &gt;100 U/mL (76.9%) was significantly higher than that of patients with CA 19-9 levels ≤100 U/mL (27.9%). We performed combination analysis of 2 additional risk factors, CRP level (cutoff: 1.0 mg/dL) and tumor size (cutoff: 3.0 cm), with serum CA 19-9 level (cutoff: 100 U/mL). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their number of risk factors. Rates of early recurrence in patients with 0, 1, and 2 or 3 risk factors were 22.0%, 45.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. Moreover, overall survival was significantly different in each group.Conclusion:Serum CA 19-9 level, in addition to CRP level and tumor size, improve patient stratification in early recurrence as well as prognosis.
The poleward shift of storm tracks under global warming: A Lagrangian perspective
Authors: Tamarin T. , Kaspi Y. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractComprehensive models of climate change projections have shown that the latitudinal band of extratropical storms will likely shift poleward under global warming. Here we study this poleward shift from a Lagrangian storm perspective, through simulations with an idealized general circulation model. By employing a feature tracking technique to identify the storms, we demonstrate that the poleward motion of individual cyclones increases with increasing global mean temperature. A potential vorticity tendency analysis of the cyclone composites highlights two leading mechanisms responsible for enhanced poleward motion: nonlinear horizontal advection and diabatic heating associated with latent heat release. Our results imply that for a 4 K rise in the global mean surface temperature, the mean poleward displacement of cyclones increases by about 0.85° of latitude, and this occurs in addition to a poleward shift of about 0.6° in their mean genesis latitude. Changes in cyclone tracks may have a significant impact on midlatitude climate, especially in localized storm tracks such as the Atlantic and Pacific storm tracks, which may exhibit a more poleward deflected shape.
Iodobenzene Dichloride/Zinc Chloride‐Mediated Synthesis of N‐Alkoxyindole‐3‐carbonitriles from 3‐Alkoxyimino‐2‐arylalkylnitriles via Intramolecular Heterocyclization
Authors: Yun Zhongxiang , Cheng Ran , Sun Jiyun , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of N‐alkoxyindole‐3‐carbonitriles were synthesized, under mild conditions, via intramolecular heterocyclization of the readily available 3‐alkoxyimino‐2‐arylalkylnitriles mediated by iodobenzene dichloride/zinc chloride. The mechanism of the reaction proposes the formation of a key intermediate of nitrenium cation from a chlorination and dechlorination process facilitated by the hypervalent iodine reagent and Lewis acid respectively.magnified image
A pH‐Dependent, Mechanically Interlocked Switch: Organometallic [2]Rotaxane vs. Organic [3]Rotaxane
Authors: Altmann Philipp J. , Pöthig Alexander 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present the first [2]rotaxane featuring a functional organometallic host. In contrast to the known organic scaffolds, this assembly shows a high post‐synthetic modifiability. The reactivity of the Ag8 pillarplex host is fully retained, as is exemplified by the first transmetalation in a rotaxane framework to provide the respective Au8 analogue. Additionally, a transformation under acidic conditions to give a purely organic [3]rotaxane is demonstrated which is reversible upon addition of a suitable base, rendering the assembly a pH‐dependent switch. Hereby, it is shown that the mechanically interlocked nature of the system enhances the kinetic stability of the NHC host complex by a factor of >1000 and corresponds to the first observation of a stabilizing “rotaxand effect”.
Horseradish Peroxidase Catalyzed Hydrogelation for Biomedical, Biopharmaceutical, and Biofabrication Applications
Authors: Sakai Shinji , Nakahata Masaki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHorseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐catalyzed hydrogelation has attracted much attention owing to the ease of handling, high biocompatibility, and processability. This review summarizes recent developments, including cutting‐edge research into the use of HRP‐mediated hydrogelation toward biomedical, biopharmaceutical, and biofabrication applications. From the viewpoint of polymer chemistry, the basic chemistry behind hydrogelation, the structure–property relationship, and hybridization of multiple materials by using HRP‐catalyzed hydrogelation are summarized. From the chemical engineering perspective, strategies for controlling hydrogelation kinetics, hydrogel characteristics, and hydrogelation processes are summarized and discussed in detail. Strategies for obtaining biomaterials for medical and pharmaceutical use, and biofabrication for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine emerge by unifying the aspects of HRP‐mediated hydrogelation.