bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locking plate augmentation of polymethylmethacrylate‐filled distal femoral defects: A biomechanical study
Authors: Ferlauto Harrison R. , Belanger Bruno , Lazarides Alexander L. , Visgauss Julia D. , Brigman Brian E. , Eward William C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBenign, locally aggressive tumors of the distal femur are typically treated with intralesional curettage and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cementation. However, it is not known whether plate fixation should be added to biomechanically augment these PMMA‐filled defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of two competing techniques for reconstruction of a distal femoral defect. For this biomechanical study, we used 12 composite femurs with properties comparable to bone. In nine femurs, identical contained medial distal femoral defects were created using a robotic arm. Group A contained three intact femurs, Group B three femurs with an unfilled defect, Group C three femurs reconstructed with PMMA alone, and Group D three femurs reconstructed with PMMA plus a medial locking plate. Locations of greatest stress concentration were determined by PhotoStress analysis, then three strain gauges were applied to each specimen at these high‐stress locations. Specimens were loaded within a physiologic range followed by loading to failure. Outcome measures included construct stiffness, strain along the distal femur, and load at failure. Results showed that stiffness and strain were not significantly different between reconstructive techniques; however, both techniques reduced tensile strain along the popliteal surface by approximately 40% compared to non‐reconstructed specimens. All specimens failed at the femoral neck before failing at the distal femur. These findings suggest that plate augmentation of PMMA‐filled distal femoral defects like the one in this study offers insignificant biomechanical benefit within physiologic loads and therefore may be unnecessary.
Taxonomic and stable isotope analyses of mammal remains from the Lateglacial site of Grotta Polesini (central Italy): Paleoenviromental implications
Authors: Giustini Francesca , Iannucci Alessio , Porcelli Giovanni , Micarelli Ileana , Brilli Mauro , Sardella Raffaele , Mecozzi Beniamino 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTGrotta Polesini is one of the most famous paleontological and archaeological sites of central Italy, which testifies to its human occupation during the Lateglacial. The site comprises a cave system where systematic excavation campaigns have been carried out since the 1950s. In 1974, 656 mammal remains were collected but never studied. This fossil collection is here described for the first time through taxonomic and stable isotope analyses of the enamel of selected mammal teeth. The aim is to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental and climatic conditions of the site and to offer new information on terrestrial ecosystems during the Lateglacial in central Italy. The faunal assemblage studied herein, in addition to other species reported in previous works, suggests cold climate conditions. We also describe a right radius of an adult individual of Homo sapiens, increasing the human fossil record of the site. Carbon isotope data point to a scenario dominated by C3 plants in open and dry habitats, such as grasslands and steppes, in accordance with the pollen data from central Italy. The oxygen isotope data suggest the use of water resources with a local origin, i.e. local precipitation and surface waters with a provenance from the nearby Apennine chain. The ecology of the taxa influenced the oxygen isotope values, especially in the case of semi‐obligate to non‐obligate drinker species.
Future climate suitability of Hemileia vastatrix in arabica coffee under CMIP6 scenarios
Authors: de Oliveira Aparecido Lucas Eduardo , Torsoni Guilherme Botega , Lorençone João Antonio , Lorençone Pedro Antonio , de Lima Rafael Fausto , de Souza Rolim Glauco , Saqui Diego , de Oliveira Junior Geraldo Gomes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most important commodities today, with a high economic value worldwide. Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br.) has been showing a high impact on Brazilian coffee trees among the various diseases that attack coffee. The climate has a great influence on the development of diseases, especially when fungi are the causal agents. This study aimed to carry out the zoning of climate favorability for coffee leaf rust in the traditional and main coffee‐producing regions of Brazil. The study was conducted in 13 locations in the states of Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Goiás and Bahia. Air temperature and daily precipitation data for the current scenario were collected using the WorldClim version 2.1 platform for the last climatological normal and future climate change data. The ideal climate conditions for coffee leaf rust consist of a mean air temperature ranging from 21 to 25 °C and precipitation >30 mm per month. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects scenarios associated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports consisted of the Shared Socio‐Economic Pathways SSP‐1 2.6, SSP‐2 4.5, SSP‐3 7.0 and SSP‐5 8.5, the latter being considered one of the most catastrophic. All steps to carry out the suitability zoning were performed in a tool using the QGIS geographic information system software.RESULTSZoning for coffee leaf rust had three classes: favorable, relatively favorable and unfavorable. Currently, the largest coffee‐producing region in Brazil has 49.1% of its analyzed area classified as favorable, 39.2% as relatively favorable and 11.7% as unfavorable. In the current scenario, Patrocínio and Três Pontas are locations with high coffee production in which the favorable class is predominant. The state of Minas Gerais has an annual mean of 55.3% of its entire territory apt for the disease, with the highest occurrence between September and March.CONCLUSIONSClimate change has a negative impact on the development of coffee leaf rust, mainly in the long term, as in the period of 2081–2100, in which the SSP‐5 8.5 scenario led to a decrease in the favorable and unfavorable areas and an increase in the relatively favorable areas of 9.8%, 18.6% and 71.5% for the Brazilian territory, respectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Role of interleukins in dermatology: Exploring the immune mechanisms in skin diseases
Authors: Prados‐Carmona Alvaro , Navarro‐Triviño Francisco J. , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo , Corell Alfredo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterleukins are central in the modulation of immune responses. This narrative review aims to summarize the growing evidence on their significance as key drivers of numerous cutaneous diseases with a special focus in some of the more prevalent chronic inflammatory dermatologic diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Additionally, we discuss their relevance in the recent developments in targeted therapies that have significantly transformed the management of these skin conditions. To this end, we have conducted a comprehensive search through the Cochrane Library and Database of Systematic Reviews and the MEDLINE search engine, and we have summarized the available clinical evidence considering up to 466 records including meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, reviews and clinical trials. Ultimately, this review intents to foster both dermatologist and non‐dermatologist physicians' understanding of the immunology behind the clinical manifestations of some of the most common inflammatory skin diseases and engage with the novel therapeutic approaches by providing accessible insights into the implications of interleukin pathways dysregulation.
Factors influencing shorebird use of post‐harvest flooded rice fields in California's Sacramento Valley
Authors: Conlisk Erin E. , Golet Gregory H. , Reynolds Mark , Elliott Nathan , Reiter Matthew E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBecause of the importance of the Central Valley of California, USA, to shorebirds along the Pacific Flyway, conservation investments have been made in the area's agricultural fields and managed wetlands. Increasingly, landowner incentive programs are being used to deliver shorebird habitat, presenting opportunities to answer remaining questions about which implementation strategies and field management practices are most effective at attracting birds. To provide management guidance for these investments, we collected and analyzed 5 years of data (2014–2018) on shorebird abundance in flooded rice fields enrolled in a dynamic habitat incentive program. The program incentivized flooding in fallow and post‐harvest rice fields in seasons when habitat is relatively sparse, specifically the early fall and late spring. Across nearly 9,000 field observations over 5 years, we explored the relationship between abundance and density (birds/ha) of shorebirds and vegetation cover, soil clay, landscape‐level flooding, and local flood timing, duration, and depth. We observed more shorebirds in fields that were approximately 50% flooded, had water depths of 5–10 cm, and had minimal rice straw or stubble cover, with strong or very strong evidence for each of these relationships. We found that the timing of habitat provisioning was important, with moderate evidence that earlier fall flooding and strong evidence that the duration of fall flooding was associated with higher shorebird density. We observed lower shorebird densities in locations with ample flooded rice habitat in surrounding areas, potentially because shorebirds spread out across the landscape. We found very strong evidence that flooding consistency, either at a site that was continually flooded over many months or a site that had been flooded in previous years, was associated with higher shorebird density. Soil clay content was associated with decreased observed shorebird density, potentially through its influence on the ability of shorebirds to forage for invertebrate prey. These results suggest best practices for shorebird habitat creation in agricultural landscapes, providing important information for conservation and population recovery.
Assessment of nutrient differences in detached soil particles between cropland and revegetated abandoned land
Authors: Ramos María Concepción , Lizaga Iván , Gaspar Leticia , Catalá Arturo , Navas Ana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCropland (CRL) abandonment is a worldwide phenomenon of land use change with significant impacts on agro‐ecosystems. This research attempts to deepen the analysis of the positive and negative effects arising by focusing on the changes in soil properties and the amount and composition of soil particles detached after several periods of rainfall and the resulting exported sediment that occurs in abandoned areas with natural revegetation compared to CRL. The study was carried out in an agroforestry catchment with a temperate climate, on which CRL and abandoned land with natural vegetation were compared. The soil was sampled along two representative hillslopes integrating elements of the landscape and land use/land covers. Sediments were collected after seven periods in which flood events were recorded during the period July 2016 to December 2017, using artificial‐lawn mats. Soil and sediment composition (texture, soil organic carbon [SOC] and nutrients [total nitrogen and total phosphorous]) under both land uses were assessed and compared and related to rainfall characteristics using principal component analysis. Nutrient enrichment factors in the sediments compared to soils were also evaluated. The results highlight that after abandonment, SOC increased significantly, reaching contents almost three times higher than in CRL. Consequently, soil erodibility decreased, resulting in substantially lower sediment generation after erosive rainfall events. On average, sediment generation was three times lower in abandoned areas than in CRL, despite their steeper slopes. Soil total nitrogen also increased on abandoned lands, reaching values about twice as high as those in CRL. However, total phosphorous content was almost twice as high in CRL than in abandoned land posing a potential risk for water due to higher erosion rates recorded in CRL. The results confirmed the association of phosphorous with smaller particles and also demonstrated the total phosphorous‐SOC link in abandoned land. Furthermore, the effect of rainfall intensity on phosphorous mobilisation was confirmed, whilst nitrogen losses were mainly related to the total amount of rainfall recorded. In a scenario of increasing extreme precipitation, both total amount and increased precipitation intensity may exacerbate water pollution problems following nutrient loss in cultivated areas. This research contributes to identifying the impacts on agroforestry systems within the current context of converting natural areas into cultivated land, whilst in other regions revegetated natural areas are developed from abandoned agricultural land.
Improving the Performance of the Machining Process by Using Ultra‐Advanced Tools in a Clean Turning of Inconel 686 Using the Minimum Quantity Lubrication Method
Authors: Hosseini Tazehkandi Ahmadreza , Shabgard Mohammadreza , Tutunchi Abolfazl 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe high tensile strength and high resistance of nickel‐based superalloy 686 against high temperatures and corrosion rates have made it a widely used in important applications such as the aerospace industry, high pollution‐ and corrosion‐resistance equipment manufacturing and petrochemical industry. Therefore, the machining of this advanced alloy with its unique properties is extremely important and can be challenging. Significant increase in input parameters levels, reduction of machining costs, improvement of surface and subsurface properties and clean production are among the issues that should be considered in dealing with Inconel 686 turning operations. Simultaneous application of advanced tools such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) and optimised minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method and evaluating the results obtained with a wide range of output parameters related to machining process performance and tribological properties can be proposed as an innovation and a solution to this problem in this article. This study analyses several output parameters with different speeds and feeds to evaluate the effect of cutting insert type on machining process performance and tribological properties. The output parameters include tool wear, residual stress, cutting zone temperature, surface smoothness, machining forces and workpiece surface defects. The results indicated that using the optimised MQL method reduces the size of lubricant droplets and increases the surface covered by cooling. With these changes, the performance of the machining process and the parameters related to the surface integrity increase significantly. Among the parameters associated with the performance of the machining process, the PCD tool reduces the cutting zone temperature by 23%, the tool wear by 19% and the machining forces by 18% compared to the PCBN tool. In the parameters related to surface integrity, this method reduces the residual stress by 19% and the surface roughness by 9% compared to the PCBN tool. From the production index perspective, the PCD tool can significantly increase the cutting speed and feed rate, reducing production time and costs.
The canonical representation of the Drinfeld curve
Authors: Laurent Lucas , Köck Bernhard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIf is a smooth projective curve over an algebraically closed field and is a group of automorphisms of , the canonical representation of is given by the induced ‐linear action of on the vector space of holomorphic differentials on . Computing it is still an open problem in general when the cover is wildly ramified. In this paper, we fix a prime power , we consider the Drinfeld curve, that is, the curve given by the equation over together with its standard action by , and decompose as a direct sum of indecomposable representations of , thus solving the aforementioned problem in this case.
Effects of Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation for Degenerative Cerebellar Ataxia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Matsugi Akiyoshi , Ohtsuka Hiroyuki , Bando Kyota , Kondo Yuki , Kikuchi Yutaka 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), as a neurological intervention for degenerative cerebellar ataxia (DCA) based on preregistration (PROSPERO: CRD42023379192).ObjectiveWe aimed to explore clinical outcomes and examine the parameters associated with NIBS efficacy in DCA patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, CHINAL, and PEDro databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data extraction, quality assessment, and heterogeneity analyses were conducted; the Grading, Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was used to assess the quality of evidence and a meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsSeventeen RCTs that included 661 patients on the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) and 606 patients on the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) were included. These RCTs showed a serious risk of bias (RoB) and low certainty of evidence for both outcomes. NIBS significantly reduced SARA (MD = −2.49, [95% confidence interval: −3.34, −1.64]) and ICARS (−5.27 [−7.06, −3.47]); the subgroup analysis showed significant effects: rTMS and tES reduced both outcomes. However, there were no significant differences in the effects of rTMS and tES. Additional subgroup analysis indicated the impact of rTMS frequency and the total number of tES sessions on ataxia.ConclusionNon‐invasive brain stimulation may reduce ataxia in DCA patients, but the estimated effect size may change in future studies because the RoB was serious and the certainty of evidence was low, and the heterogeneity was high. To establish evidence for selecting NIBS methods and parameters, continued high‐quality RCTs are required.
Systematic Review of the Cost of Illness of Parkinson's Disease from a Societal Perspective
Authors: Wijers Anke , Ravi Anirudhan , Evers Silvia M.A.A. , Tissingh Gerrit , van Mastrigt Ghislaine A.P.G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious reviews on the cost of illness (COI) of Parkinson's disease (PD) have often focused on health‐care costs due to PD, underestimating its effects on other sectors. This systematic review determines the COI of PD from a societal perspective. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023428937). Embase, Medline, and EconLit were searched up to October 12, 2023, for studies determining the COI of PD from a societal perspective. From 2812 abstracts, 17 studies were included. The COI of PD averaged €20,911.37 per patient per year, increasing to almost €100,000 in the most severely affected patients. Health‐care costs accounted for 46.1% of total costs, followed by productivity loss (37.4%) and costs to patient and family (16.4%). The COI of PD strongly varied between different geographical regions, with costs in North America 3.6 times higher compared to Asia. This study is the first to identify the relative importance of different cost items. Most important were reduced employment, government benefits, informal care, medication, nursing homes, and hospital admission. There was strong variety in the cost items that were included, with 55.2% of cost items measured in fewer than half of articles. Our review shows that PD‐COI is high and appears in various cost sectors, with strong variety in the cost items included in different studies. Therefore, a guideline for the measurement of COI in PD should be developed to harmonize this. This article provides a first step toward the development of such a tool by identifying which cost items are most relevant. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Spiral 3DREAM sequence for fast whole‐brain B1 mapping
Authors: Niesen Svenja , Veldmann Marten , Ehses Philipp , Stöcker Tony 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis work demonstrates a new variant of the 3DREAM sequence for whole‐brain mapping employing a three‐dimensional (3D) stack‐of‐spirals readout. The spiral readout reduces the echo train length after the STEAM preparation in order to overcome the significant blurring in STE* images due to the decreasing STE* signal with each excitation pulse.MethodsThe 3DREAM sequence rapidly acquires two contrasts to calculate whole‐brain flip angle maps. In the proposed spiral 3DREAM sequence, the Cartesian readout scheme is replaced by an accelerated 3D stack‐of‐spirals readout with a CAIPIRINHA sampling scheme. Phantom experiments were conducted to compare flip angle maps of the spiral 3DREAM sequence to a Cartesian 3DREAM sequence, an actual flip‐angle‐imaging (AFI) sequence, the dual‐angle method, and the Bloch–Siegert shift method. Afterwards, the results were validated in vivo acquiring flip angle maps from five subjects.ResultsFlip angle maps of the spiral 3DREAM sequences showed high agreement with the reference methods both in phantom and in vivo experiments. Blurring in STE* images and flip angle maps was reduced compared to the Cartesian 3DREAM sequence.ConclusionThe spiral 3DREAM sequence utilizes a fast readout minimizing the echo train length of the imaging train. This reduces blurring in STE* images as well as the total acquisition time and increases the effective resolution of maps.
Inner strength, coping self‐efficacy and coping strategy of patients with peritoneal dialysis: A exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Xuzhen , Shan Yan , Gao Yajing , Wang Hong , Li Xue , Ding Yabo , Zhang Yanjun , Diao Keke , Huang Yijia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of the study was to investigate and analyse inner strength of patients with peritoneal dialysis, explore the associations among inner strength, coping self‐efficacy (CSE) and medial coping modes.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study which was conducted in nephrology departments of two affiliated hospitals of a comprehensive university in China. Convenience sampling was chosen to collect data.MethodsA total of 191 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were recruited by convenience sampling in two hospitals. Data involved of sociodemographic and clinical materials, inner strength, CSE and medical coping modes were collected from the patients. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used to process and analyse the data.ResultsThe averaged score of inner strength was 95.74 (SD = 13.52). The inner strength, CSE and confrontation coping had positive associations with each other. Besides, inner strength and CSE was negatively associated with acceptance–resignation coping strategy, respectively.