bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Magnaporthe grisea species complex and plant pathogenesis
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: November 2015

SummaryTaxonomyKingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordariomycetes; Order Magnaporthales; Family Pyriculariaceae (anamorph)/Magnaporthaceae (teleomorph); Genus Pyricularia (anamorph)/Magnaporthe (teleomorph); Species P. grisea (anamorph)/M. grisea (teleomorph).Host rangeVery broad at the species level, including rice, wheat, barley, millet and other species of the Poaceae (Gramineae).Disease symptomsCan be found on all parts of the plant, including leaves, leaf collars, necks, panicles, pedicels, seeds and even the roots. Initial symptoms are white to grey–green lesions or spots with darker borders, whereas older lesions are elliptical or spindle‐shaped and whitish to grey with necrotic borders. Lesions may enlarge and coalesce to eventually destroy the entire leaf.Disease controlIncludes cultural strategies, genetic resistance and the application of chemical fungicides.Geographical distributionWidespread throughout the rice‐growing regions of the globe and has been reported in more than 85 countries.Genomic structureDifferent isolates possess similar genomic sizes and overall genomic structures. For the laboratory strain 70‐15: assembly size, 40.98 Mb; number of chromosomes, seven; number of predicted genes, 13 032; G + C composition, 51.6%; average gene contains 451.6 amino acids; mitochondrion genome size, 34.87 kb.Useful websitehttp://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/genome/magnaporthe_comparative/MultiHome.html.
FGF‐23 and Osteoprotegerin but not Fetuin‐A are associated with death and enhance risk prediction in non‐dialysis chronic kidney disease stages 3–5.
Authors: Alderson Helen V , Ritchie James P , Middleton Rachel , Larsson Anders , Larsson Tobias E. , Kalra Philip A 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimNumerous biomarkers have been shown to associate with clinical endpoints in chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is limited evidence whether biomarkers improve risk prediction in relation to clinical outcomes. Our study investigates whether a small suite of key chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder biomarkers could be used to enhance risk assessment in CKD.MethodsFetuin‐A, fibroblast growth factor‐23 and osteoprotegerin were measured on baseline plasma samples from 463 patients recruited to the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Standards Implementation Study. The biomarkers were analysed in relation to progression to end stage kidney disease, death and major cardiovascular events.ResultsOver a median follow up of 46 months (interquartile range 21–69), fibroblast growth factor‐23 was associated with risk for renal replacement therapy (hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, P = 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001–1.820), cardiovascular events (HR 1.74 P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.303–1.305) and death (HR 1.4 P = 0.005, 95% CI 1.109–1.767). Osteoprotegerin was associated with risk for death (HR 1.06, P = 0.03, 95% CI 1.006–1.117). There was no clear association between Fetuin‐A and any of the clinical endpoints. The addition of biomarkers to risk models led to marginal improvement in model discrimination and reclassification.ConclusionBiomarkers are often associated with clinical endpoints, and we observed such associations in our study of patients with advanced CKD. However, the markers analysed in our study were of limited benefit in improving the prediction of these outcomes. Any extra information biomarkers may provide to improve risk prediction in clinical practice needs to be carefully balanced against the potential cost of these tools.
Nurses' perspectives on workplace mistreatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn accurate understanding of workplace mistreatment and its impacts on nurses is crucial to hospital managers. A qualitative approach using conventional content analysis was adopted in this study to describe the perspectives of a sample of Iranian nurses concerning workplace mistreatment. After analyzing the transcribed interviews, three main themes emerged: (i) Demand for a more humanistic and appreciative environment; this theme consisted of three categories: “incompetent management practice”, “invisibility of nurses”, and “unethical behaviors”; (ii) Unprofessional interpersonal encounters which included three categories: “poorly defined job characteristics”, “nurses’ poor performance”, and “inefficient supportive means and structures”; and (iii) Inaction despite injury, consisting of two categories: “passive and ineffective ways of coping with mistreatment”, and “personal and professional negative impacts”. Findings from this study can guide further investigation within diverse populations of Iranian nurses, as well as worldwide, in order for firm conclusions to be drawn. Future research could compare the perspectives of other stakeholders – patients and relatives, physicians, and managers concerning workplace mistreatment.
Microarray expression profiling of dysregulated long non‐coding RNAs in Hirschsprung's disease reveals their potential role in molecular diagnosis
Authors: Shen Z. , Du C. , Zang R. , Xie H. , Lv W. , Li H. , Xia Y. , Tang W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundHirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is one of the common digestive disorders in the new born. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in various biological processes. However, knowledge on lncRNAs in HSCR is limited.MethodsThe expression profile of lncRNAs in HSCR was obtained using microarray. A total of 2078 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected by microarray in HSCR tissues compared with matched normal colon tissues (fold change ≥2, p < 0.05). Candidate biomarkers were selected from these differentially expressed lncRNAs based on artificial criterion (raw signal intensity ≥50; fold change ≥8) and then validated in 80 pairs of HSCR and normal tissues using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Moreover, the computational analysis was used to evaluate the lncRNA‐microRNA and lncRNA–protein relationships.Key ResultsA panel of 5‐lncRNAs was identified to distinguish HSCR from normal tissues with remarkable sensitivity and specificity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for HSCR identification in the validation set was 0.875. The bioinformatics analysis reveals that these dysregulated lncRNAs are mainly involved in RNA–protein relationships, including RNA splicing, binding, transport, processing, and localization.Conclusions & InferencesOur results are the first to report the expression profile of dysregulated lncRNAs in HSCR and infer that lncRNAs may serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers for HSCR.
Evolutionary dynamics of the plastid inverted repeat: the effects of expansion, contraction, and loss on substitution rates
Authors: Zhu Andan , Guo Wenhu , Gupta Sakshi , Fan Weishu , Mower Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Rates of nucleotide substitution were previously shown to be several times slower in the plastid inverted repeat (IR) compared with single‐copy (SC) regions, suggesting that the IR provides enhanced copy‐correction activity.

To examine the generality of this synonymous rate dependence on the IR, we compared plastomes from 69 pairs of closely related species representing 52 families of angiosperms, gymnosperms, and ferns.

We explored the breadth of IR boundary shifts in land plants and demonstrate that synonymous substitution rates are, on average, 3.7 times slower in IR genes than in SC genes. In addition, genes moved from the SC into the IR exhibit lower synonymous rates consistent with other IR genes, while genes moved from the IR into the SC exhibit higher rates consistent with other SC genes. Surprisingly, however, several plastid genes from Pelargonium, Plantago, and Silene have highly accelerated synonymous rates despite their IR localization.

Together, these results provide strong evidence that the duplicative nature of the IR reduces the substitution rate within this region. The anomalously fast‐evolving genes in Pelargonium, Plantago, and Silene indicate localized hypermutation, potentially induced by a higher level of error‐prone double‐strand break repair in these regions, which generates substitutional rate variation.
Gender Disparities in Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Defibrillator Recipients
Authors: MILLER JENNIFER L. , THYLÉN INGELA , MOSER DEBRA K. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundMost patients cope well with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), but psychological distress and ICD‐related concerns have been reported in about 20% of ICD recipients. Many previous studies have not distinguished between genders.MethodsIn this nationwide study we compared quality of life, anxiety, and depression symptoms between the genders in ICD recipients, and determined predictors of each of these variables in men and women. All adult Swedish ICD recipients were invited by mail to participate and 2,771 patients (66 ± 12 years) completed standardized measures of quality of life, symptoms of anxiety, and depression. Time since implantation ranged from 1 year to 23 years with a mean of 4.7 ± 3.9.ResultsWomen reported worse quality of life (mean index 0.790 vs 0.825) and higher prevalence of anxiety (20.5% vs 14.7%) than did men (P < 0.001 for both comparisons), while there were no differences in symptoms of depression (8.8% vs 8.2%).ConclusionsMost ICD recipients report a good quality of life, without emotional distress, but among the minority with distress, women fare worse than men.
How many paediatric referrals to an allergist could be managed by a general practitioner with special interest?
Authors: Isinkaye Tomide , Gilbert Sarah , Seddon Paul , Fox Adam T. , Leech Susan , Pollock Ian , Smith Helen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of a general practitioner with special interest (GPwSI) was first proposed in the 2000 National Health Service Plan, as a way of providing specialized treatment closer to the patient's home and reducing hospital waiting times. Given the patchy and inadequate provision of paediatric allergy services in the UK, the introduction of GPwSIs might reduce pressure on existing specialist services.MethodsA total of 100 consecutive referrals to a specialist paediatric allergy clinic were reviewed to assess what proportion could be managed by a GPwSI allergy service with a predefined range of facilities and expertise (accurate diagnosis and management of allergy; skin prick testing; provision of allergen avoidance advice; ability to assess suitability for desensitization). Each referral was reviewed independently by three allergy specialists. Cases were initially judged on the referral letter and then, to determine whether appropriate triage decisions could be made prospectively, cases were re‐assessed with information summarized in the clinic letter. The proportion of referrals suitable for a GPwSI was calculated and their characteristics identified.ResultsAt least 42% and up to 75% were suitable for management by a GPwSI in allergy based on unanimous and majority agreement, respectively. The appropriateness of 79% referrals could be identified based on the information in the referral letter. A total of 19% referrals were unsuitable for a GPwSI service because of complex or multisystem disease, need for specialist knowledge or facilities or patient's young age.ConclusionsAt least two‐fifths of paediatric allergy referrals to our hospital‐based service could be dealt with in a GPwSI clinic, thereby diversifying the patient pathway, allowing specialist services to focus on complex cases and reducing waiting times for appointments.
Risk factors for intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion during craniotomy for brain tumor removal in children
Authors: Vassal Olivia , Desgranges François‐Pierrick , Tosetti Sylvain , Burgal Stéphanie , Dailler Frédéric , Javouhey Etienne , Mottolese Carmine , Chassard Dominique 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundSeveral clinical and surgical factors can influence the occurrence of allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) during oncologic neurosurgery.ObjectivesTo identify the potential predictive factors of ABT during craniotomy for the removal of brain tumors in children and the potential impact of intraoperative ABT on early postoperative outcome.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in all pediatric patients younger than 18 years who underwent craniotomy for brain tumor removal from December 2009 to December 2012 in our institution. Pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative data were collected from medical and stored electronic anesthesia records. The predictors of intraoperative ABT were determined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 110 patients were included. Twenty‐seven patients (25%) received intraoperative ABT with a volume of 16 ± 8 ml·kg−1. On multivariate analysis, an age <4 years, a duration of surgery >270 min, and a preoperative hemoglobin <12.2 g·dl−1 were independently associated with the need for intraoperative ABT. We did not show any significant difference concerning postoperative early outcome and length of stay between the transfused and non‐transfused patients except for the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation that was significantly higher in the transfused group (P = 0.04).ConclusionIn children, craniotomy for brain tumor removal is at risk of intraoperative ABT. An age <4 years, a duration of surgery >270 min, and a preoperative hemoglobin <12.2 g·dl−1 are the main factors associated with intraoperative ABT during this surgery.
Are needles of Pinus pinaster more vulnerable to xylem embolism than branches? New insights from X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Bouche Pauline S. , Delzon Sylvain , Choat Brendan , Badel Eric , Brodribb Timothy J. , Burlett Regis , Cochard Hervé , Charra‐Vaskou Katline , Lavigne Bruno , Li Shan , Mayr Stefan , Morris Hugh , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Zufferey Vivian , Jansen Steven 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPlants can be highly segmented organisms with an independently redundant design of organs. In the context of plant hydraulics, leaves may be less embolism resistant than stems, allowing hydraulic failure to be restricted to distal organs that can be readily replaced.We quantified drought‐induced embolism in needles and stems of Pinus pinaster using high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT). HRCT observations of needles were compared with the rehydration kinetics method to estimate the contribution of extra‐xylary pathways to declining hydraulic conductance.High‐resolution computed tomography images indicated that the pressure inducing 50% of embolized tracheids was similar between needle and stem xylem (P50 needle xylem = −3.62 MPa, P50 stem xylem = −3.88 MPa). Tracheids in both organs showed no difference in torus overlap of bordered pits. However, estimations of the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance at the whole needle level by the rehydration kinetics method were significantly higher (P50 needle = −1.71 MPa) than P50 needle xylem derived from HRCT.The vulnerability segmentation hypothesis appears to be valid only when considering hydraulic failure at the entire needle level, including extra‐xylary pathways. Our findings suggest that native embolism in needles is limited and highlight the importance of imaging techniques for vulnerability curves.
Multiple Eruptive Pyogenic Granulomas Occurring in a Region of Scalded Skin
Authors: Xu Yu , Li Hui , Wang Zai‐Xing , Yang Sen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report a case of multiple eruptive pyogenic granulomas after scalding. A 4‐year‐old girl developed papules and nodules within the scalded areas after a hot soup burn. Although the occurrence of pyogenic granulomas after trauma to the skin is common, multiple lesions of pyogenic granuloma secondary to scalding are rare.
Dermoscopy for Identification of Basal Cell Carcinomas in Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome During Carbon Dioxide Laser Surgery
Authors: Sorensen Adam , Wolter Sierra , Patel Nirav , Hansen Ronald , Price Harper 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBasal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition best known for the development of early and multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Because the condition requires lifetime surveillance for new cancers, an efficient method of identification and treatment is desirable, especially in children. Dermoscopy and carbon dioxide laser have previously been shown to be effective in the identification and treatment, respectively, of BCCs in BCNS. We present here a case illustrating that the use of these modalities in a single session provides patients with safe and effective treatment that is efficient, cosmetically acceptable, and minimally disruptive to their lives.
“Mint” Condition: Contact Dermatitis in an Adolescent Numismatist
Authors: Cotton Colleen H. , Admani Shehla E. , Jacob Sharon E. , Krakowski Andrew C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is common in children and adolescents. A history of persistent rash despite appropriate treatment should raise suspicion of ACD. We present the case of a 16‐year‐old boy with chronic dermatitis suspected of being a possible nickel allergy. He and his mother denied known common exposures. Patch testing confirmed allergies to multiple metals and several preservatives. A detailed social history revealed that the patient was an avid coin collector. Information about hobbies and activities should be elicited in any patient in whom ACD is suspected to determine exposures they may not initially have considered relevant. This case highlights the importance of pre‐ and posttest counseling and exposure history.
Surgical anterior cavoplasty for managing a case of early acute outflow obstruction after liver transplantation
Authors: Ibáñez Vicente , Montalvá Eva , Vila Juan J. , López‐Andújar Rafael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHVOO following liver transplantation is rarely treated surgically because it tends to debut subacutely. However, acute HVOO is a surgical emergency that compromises the viability of the graft. We report a case of HVOO diagnosed intra‐operatively during surgical revision for a suspected arterial thrombosis in a 10‐month‐old male recipient of a second graft (segments II–III) for familial intrahepatic cholestasis. HVOO was related to a stenosis at the first transplant hepato‐caval anastomosis, left in place to obtain longer venous cuffs for retransplantation. An anterior cavoplasty was necessary to resolve the issue. The new anastomosis was created under total vascular exclusion after gaining control of the supradiaphragmatic vena cava, because the inferior vena cava was unsuitable for further surgery. This approach (normally used as a means to avoid sternotomy in patients with hepatic or renal tumours associated with venous thrombosis) allows adequate vascular control and, in selected cases, offers a surgical alternative for treating HVOO.
Comparing Handheld Meters and Electronic Dosimeters for Measuring Ultraviolet Levels under Shade and in the Sun
Authors: Dobbinson Suzanne , Niven Philippa , Buller David , Allen Martin , Gies Peter , Warne Charles 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the validity, reliability and practicality of alternative portable methods for measuring erythemal UVR levels in passive recreation areas in public parks. UVR levels were measured for point in time comparisons between Solarmeter 6.5 handheld meters and time‐stamped electronic dosimeters in a large central park in Melbourne, Australia. Observations were made at 20 locations in the park by two research assistants under two conditions: (1) matched shade (2) contrasting shade—no shade. Comparisons were also made with scientific instruments on the UVR monitoring station rooftop and by remotely selecting UV records and forecasts on cloud‐free dates of park observations. There was good agreement between the portable UVR instruments in the park setting as confirmed via Bland Altman plots, while the dosimeter appeared less sensitive to change in shade conditions. The rooftop measurements showed that the Solarmeter 6.5 UVR readings were comparable to those of the adjacent rooftop instruments. The practicalities of using the dosimeters and Solarmeters for behavioral studies are discussed. These findings provide a basis for use of the Solarmeter 6.5 to measure changes in UVR levels due to different environmental conditions with relative accuracy for intervention studies in outdoor settings.
Cellulose synthase gene expression profiling of Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Tran M. L. , Roberts A. W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe cellulose synthase (CESA) gene family of seed plants comprises six clades that encode isoforms with conserved expression patterns and distinct functions in cellulose synthesis complex (CSC) formation and primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. In mosses, which have rosette CSCs like those of seed plants but lack lignified secondary cell walls, the CESA gene family diversified independently and includes no members of the six functionally distinct seed plant clades. There are seven CESA isoforms encoded in the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens. However, only PpCESA5 has been characterised functionally, and little information is available on the expression of other PpCESA family members. We have profiled PpCESA expression through quantitative RT‐PCR, analysis of promoter‐reporter lines, and cluster analysis of public microarray data in an effort to identify expression and co‐expression patterns that could help reveal the functions of PpCESA isoforms in protein complex formation and development of specific tissues. In contrast to the tissue‐specific expression observed for seed plant CESAs, each of the PpCESAs was broadly expressed throughout most developing tissues. Although a few statistically significant differences in expression of PpCESAs were noted when some tissues and hormone treatments were compared, no strong co‐expression patterns were observed. Along with CESA phylogenies and lack of single PpCESA mutant phenotypes reported elsewhere, broad overlapping expression of the PpCESAs indicates a high degree of inter‐changeability and is consistent with a different pattern of functional specialisation in the evolution of the seed plant and moss CESA families.