bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green infrastructure and its catchment‐scale effects: an emerging science
Authors: Golden Heather E. , Hoghooghi Nahal 
Published: September 2017

Urbanizing environments alter the hydrological cycle by redirecting stream networks for stormwater and wastewater transmission and increasing impermeable surfaces. These changes thereby accelerate the runoff of water and its constituents following precipitation events, alter evapotranspiration processes, and indirectly modify surface precipitation patterns. Green infrastructure, or low‐impact development (LID), can be used as a standalone practice or in concert with gray infrastructure (traditional stormwater management approaches) for cost‐efficient, decentralized stormwater management. The growth in LID over the past several decades has resulted in a concomitant increase in research evaluating LID efficiency and effectiveness, but mostly at localized scales. There is a clear research need to quantify how LID practices affect water quantity (i.e., runoff and discharge) and quality at the scale of catchments. In this overview, we present the state of the science of LID research at the local scale, considerations for scaling this research to catchments, recent advances and findings in scaling the effects of LID practices on water quality and quantity at catchment scales, and the use of models as novel tools for these scaling efforts. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1254. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1254This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Quality
PySCF: the Python‐based simulations of chemistry framework
Authors: Sun Qiming , Berkelbach Timothy C. , Blunt Nick S. , Booth George H. , Guo Sheng , Li Zhendong , Liu Junzi , McClain James D. , Sayfutyarova Elvira R. , Sharma Sandeep , Wouters Sebastian , Chan Garnet Kin‐Lic 
Published: September 2017

Python‐based simulations of chemistry framework (PySCF) is a general‐purpose electronic structure platform designed from the ground up to emphasize code simplicity, so as to facilitate new method development and enable flexible computational workflows. The package provides a wide range of tools to support simulations of finite‐size systems, extended systems with periodic boundary conditions, low‐dimensional periodic systems, and custom Hamiltonians, using mean‐field and post‐mean‐field methods with standard Gaussian basis functions. To ensure ease of extensibility, PySCF uses the Python language to implement almost all of its features, while computationally critical paths are implemented with heavily optimized C routines. Using this combined Python/C implementation, the package is as efficient as the best existing C or Fortran‐based quantum chemistry programs. In this paper, we document the capabilities and design philosophy of the current version of the PySCF package. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2018, 8:e1340. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1340This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Hypothesis tests with precedence probabilities and precedence‐type tests
Authors: Dey Rajarshi 
Published: September 2017

Precedence probabilities are important tools in a statistician's toolkit. Precedence probabilities can be defined as the probability of observing single samples fromKpopulations in a particular order. Noting that there areK ! possible orders ofKpopulations; theseK ! parameters are a useful way to measure the effectiveness of a classifier (AUC/VUS/HUM). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve/surface/manifold, which can be generated by any classifier leads to calculation of the area under curve (AUC)/volume under surface (VUS)/hyper‐volume under manifold (HUM) can be approximated by a single precedence probability and can be nonparametrically estimated via rank‐based U‐statistic. Precedence probabilities can also be used to test equality ofK > 2 distribution functions. Hypothesis tests related to both these problems mentioned above are discussed. On the other hand, when we are interested in testing if theKdistributions are stochastically ordered, we perform a precedence‐type test. Different nonparametric tests are also discussed in relation to precedence‐type tests.WIREs Comput Stat2018, 10:e1417. doi: 10.1002/wics.1417This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Smartphone technologies and Bayesian networks to assess shorebird habitat selection
Authors: Zeigler Sara L. , Thieler E. Robert , Gutierrez Benjamin T. , Plant Nathaniel G. , Hines Megan , Fraser James D. , Catlin Daniel H. , Karpanty Sarah M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding patterns of habitat selection across a species’ geographic distribution can be critical for adequately managing populations and planning for habitat loss and related threats. However, studies of habitat selection can be time consuming and expensive over broad spatial scales, and a lack of standardized monitoring targets or methods can impede the generalization of site‐based studies. Our objective was to collaborate with natural resource managers to define available nesting habitat for piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) throughout their U.S. Atlantic coast distribution from Maine to North Carolina, with a goal of providing science that could inform habitat management in response to sea‐level rise. We characterized a data collection and analysis approach as being effective if it provided low‐cost collection of standardized habitat‐selection data across the species’ breeding range within 1–2 nesting seasons and accurate nesting location predictions. In the method developed, >30 managers and conservation practitioners from government agencies and private organizations used a smartphone application, “iPlover,” to collect data on landcover characteristics at piping plover nest locations and random points on 83 beaches and barrier islands in 2014 and 2015. We analyzed these data with a Bayesian network that predicted the probability a specific combination of landcover variables would be associated with a nesting site. Although we focused on a shorebird, our approach can be modified for other taxa. Results showed that the Bayesian network performed well in predicting habitat availability and confirmed predicted habitat preferences across the Atlantic coast breeding range of the piping plover. We used the Bayesian network to map areas with a high probability of containing nesting habitat on the Rockaway Peninsula in New York, USA, as an example application. Our approach facilitated the collation of evidence‐based information on habitat selection from many locations and sources, which can be used in management and decision‐making applications. © 2017 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Mining comorbidity patterns using retrospective analysis of big collection of outpatient records
Authors: Boytcheva Svetla , Angelova Galia , Angelov Zhivko , Tcharaktchiev Dimitar 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Studying comorbidities of disorders is important for detection and prevention. For discovering frequent patterns of diseases we can use retrospective analysis of population data, by filtering events with common properties and similar significance. Most frequent pattern mining methods do not consider contextual information about extracted patterns. Further data mining developments might enable more efficient applications in specific tasks like comorbidities identification.

Methods
We propose a cascade data mining approach for frequent pattern mining enriched with context information, including a new algorithm MIxCO for maximal frequent patterns mining. Text mining tools extract entities from free text and deliver additional context attributes beyond the structured information about the patients.

Results
The proposed approach was tested using pseudonymised reimbursement requests (outpatient records) submitted to the Bulgarian National Health Insurance Fund in 2010–2016 for more than 5 million citizens yearly. Experiments were run on 3 data collections. Some known comorbidities of Schizophrenia, Hyperprolactinemia and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 are confirmed; novel hypotheses about stable comorbidities are generated. The evaluation shows that MIxCO is efficient for big dense datasets.

Conclusion
Explicating maximal frequent itemsets enables to build hypotheses concerning the relationships between the exogeneous and endogeneous factors triggering the formation of these sets. MixCO will help to identify risk groups of patients with a predisposition to develop socially-significant disorders like diabetes. This will turn static archives like the Diabetes Register in Bulgaria to a powerful alerting and predictive framework.
Guide to enable health charities to increase recruitment to clinical trials on dementia
Authors: Chambers Larry W. , Harris Megan , Lusk Elizabeth , Benczkowski Debbie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer Society embarked on a project to improve ways that the 60 provincial and local Societies in Canada can work with local researchers to support recruitment of volunteers to clinical trials and studies. A Guide to assist these offices was produced to design ethical recruitment of research volunteers within their client populations.MethodsConsultations with individuals from provincial and local Societies, as well as researchers and leaders from health‐related organizations, were conducted to identify in what ways these organizations are involved in study volunteer recruitment, what is and is not working, and what would be helpful to support future efforts. The Guide prototype used scenarios to illustrate study volunteer recruitment practices as they have been or could be applied in Societies. An implementable version of the Guide was produced with input from multiple internal and external reviewers including subject‐matter experts and target users from Societies.ResultsSociety staff reported that benefits of using the Guide were that it served as a catalyst for conversation and reflection and identified the need for a policy. Also, it enabled Society readiness to respond to requests by persons with dementia and their caregivers wishing to participate in research. A majority (94%) of participating Society staff across Canada agreed that they would increase their capacity to support research recruitment.DiscussionCharitable organizations that raise funds for research have a role in promoting the recruitment of persons with dementia and their caregivers into clinical trials and studies. The Guide was produced to facilitate organizational change to both create a positive culture regarding research as well as practical solutions that can help organizations achieve this goal.
A case report of free forearm dermal flap reconstruction in a patient with tongue cancer and psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Kondo Yuudai , Izumi Aya , Yamamoto Koji , Kaneuji Takeshi , Suehiro Yuusaku , Yamashita Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDermal flap reconstruction in the oral cavity in a patient complicated with psoriasis vulgaris has not been described yet. Here, we report the case of a 33‐year‐old man with untreated psoriasis vulgaris who was diagnosed with right tongue SCC (T4aN0M0). Surgery is our preferred approach in such cases, and flap reconstruction was deemed necessary after resection. Because of psoriasis vulgaris, the donor site exhibited erythema, rash, and scaling. Surgery comprising forearm dermal flap reconstruction following palliation of cutis symptoms was performed. Currently, 2 years after surgery, there have been no symptoms of psoriasis vulgaris in the oral cavity and no tumor recurrence.
ON THE COMPOUND POISSON RISK MODEL WITH PERIODIC CAPITAL INJECTIONS
Authors: Zhang Zhimin , Cheung Eric C.K. , Yang Hailiang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe analysis of capital injection strategy in the literature of insurance risk models (e.g. Pafumi, 1998; Dickson and Waters, 2004) typically assumes that whenever the surplus becomes negative, the amount of shortfall is injected so that the company can continue its business forever. Recently, Nie et al. (2011) has proposed an alternative model in which capital is immediately injected to restore the surplus level to a positive level b when the surplus falls between zero and b, and the insurer is still subject to a positive ruin probability. Inspired by the idea of randomized observations in Albrecher et al. (2011b), in this paper, we further generalize Nie et al. (2011)'s model by assuming that capital injections are only allowed at a sequence of time points with inter-capital-injection times being Erlang distributed (so that deterministic time intervals can be approximated using the Erlangization technique in Asmussen et al. (2002)). When the claim amount is distributed as a combination of exponentials, explicit formulas for the Gerber–Shiu expected discounted penalty function (Gerber and Shiu, 1998) and the expected total discounted cost of capital injections before ruin are obtained. The derivations rely on a resolvent density associated with an Erlang random variable, which is shown to admit an explicit expression that is of independent interest as well. We shall provide numerical examples, including an application in pricing a perpetual reinsurance contract that makes the capital injections and demonstration of how to minimize the ruin probability via reinsurance. Minimization of the expected discounted capital injections plus a penalty applied at ruin with respect to the frequency of injections and the critical level b will also be illustrated numerically.
A race against time: monitoring the necropolis and the territory of Cyrene and Giarabub through protocols of remote sensing and collaboration with Libyan colleagues
Authors: Menozzi Oliva , Di Valerio Eugenio , Tamburrino Clara , Shariff Abdulrahim Saleh , d'Ercole Vincenzo , Di Antonio Maria Giorgia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe core area of Cyrene, despite recent upheavals, benefits from well-managed controls and fences that so far seem to have stopped the looting, although not the vandalism. These fences act mainly as a psychological barrier; for the local people, everything inside the fences is seen as ‘more important’ than what is outside. However, it is impossible to enclose all the monumental tombs, rock-cut sanctuaries and ancient farms and fortifications. The first type of damage we see is due to looting, which is increasing, and acts of vandalism. The lack of regulation and police control as well as increased urbanisation have caused a lot of uncontrolled building, causing the further destruction of large sections of the necropolis. A second type of damage is due to the lack of maintenance. In order to help restore the sites, the Universities of Urbino, Chieti, Roma 3, Naples 2 and the Mission of the MIBACT at Giarabub, in collaboration with the DoA, have organised courses on ‘Rescue restoration in emergency’. Despite the growing number of inspectors and technicians in Cyrene, there are still not enough archaeologists, guards or restorers. This paper explains these general issues and, as a case study, the remote but important area of Giarabub.
Path-Dependence and the Challenges of Institutional Adaptability: The Case of the Niagara Region in Canada
Authors: Conteh Charles , Panter Diana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe paper uses the concept of path dependence to explain the challenges and complexities of institutional adaptation at the subnational level. The notion of path dependence is rooted in the well-established research tradition of historical institutionalism, one of the variants of neoinstitutionalism. The academic literature on the new institutionalism, however, has tended to focus on the national level of analysis. But there is a growing recognition of cities and regions as the main engines of socioeconomic change in the current age of seismic global economic perturbation. Their historic and current significance has thus made them arguably more organic units of governance than modern states or supranational regimes. The discussion focuses on the Niagara region in Canada to illustrate the institutional infrastructure of governance underpinning the economic landscape of city-regions and the challenges of reform that such local regions face in an age of unprecedented global socioeconomic change.
A Tradition Co-opted: Participatory Development and Authoritarian Rule in Sudan
Authors: Mahé Anne-Laure 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe concept of participation is a cornerstone of development and democracy discourses, but studies on participatory development rarely examine the political regimes those policies are embedded in. Yet, in authoritarian contexts, participation is ambiguous, potentially threatening—as it can be connected to democratic ideals—and it also can be used as a resource, a tool for domination. Through an analysis of participatory development projects implemented in Sudan, I explore how power relations are renegotiated at the local level. Relying on data collected during fieldwork in Khartoum and the state of North Kordofan, where the projects are located, I highlight the disconnect between the discourse surrounding the participatory devices, which establishes an horizontal relationship between citizens and the local government, and the actual practices that strengthen the latter's power. In doing so, the article challenges a linear, top-down conception of authoritarian power and reveals the tensions that exist between institutional levels.
Moving Beyond Measurement: Adapting Audit Studies to Test Bias-Reducing Interventions
Authors: Butler Daniel M. , Crabtree Charles 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses how audit studies can be adapted to test the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing discrimination. We conducted an adapted audit experiment to test whether making officials aware of bias could reduce levels of racial bias. While the limitations of our design make it difficult to assess where information alone can reduce bias, our study makes two important contributions. First, we replicate prior studies by showing that white, local elected officials are less responsive to black constituents. That local officials exhibit biased behavior is particularly worrisome, as local government is often the level that most directly affects citizens’ daily lives. Second, we provide several suggestions for future audit studies that draw from the strengths and weaknesses of our own design. We hope that they will help improve future work on identifying and reducing discrimination.
Direct experimental observation of the molecular J
eff = 3/2 ground state in the lacunar spinel GaTa4Se8
Authors: Jeong Min Yong , Chang Seo Hyoung , Kim Beom Hyun , Sim Jae-Hoon , Said Ayman , Casa Diego , Gog Thomas , Janod Etienne , Cario Laurent , Yunoki Seiji , Han Myung Joon , Kim Jungho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStrong spin–orbit coupling lifts the degeneracy of t2g orbitals in 5d transition-metal systems, leaving a Kramers doublet and quartet with effective angular momentum of Jeff = 1/2 and 3/2, respectively. These spin–orbit entangled states can host exotic quantum phases such as topological Mott state, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum spin liquid. The lacunar spinel GaTa4Se8 was theoretically predicted to form the molecular Jeff = 3/2 ground state. Experimental verification of its existence is an important first step to exploring the consequences of the Jeff = 3/2 state. Here, we report direct experimental evidence of the Jeff = 3/2 state in GaTa4Se8 by means of excitation spectra of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the Ta L3 and L2 edges. We find that the excitations involving the Jeff = 1/2 molecular orbital are absent only at the Ta L2 edge, manifesting the realization of the molecular Jeff = 3/2 ground state in GaTa4Se8.
Functional role of PPAR-γ on the proliferation and migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Xiao-Feng , Sun Ying-Yin , Bao Jing , Chen Xin , Li Yu-Huan , Yang Yang , Zhang Lei , Huang Cheng , Wu Bao-Ming , Meng Xiao-Ming , Li Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is involved in both normal physiological processes and pathology of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the function and underlying mechanisms of PPAR-γ in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) proliferation and migration. In the present study, we found PPAR-γ expression was remarkably reduced in RA synovium patient compare with OA and normal, as well as it was low-expression in Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Moreover, inhibition PPAR-γ expression by T0070907 (12.5 μM) or PPAR-γ siRNA could promote FLSs proliferation and expressions of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, MMP-1, and MMP-9 in AA FLSs, except for TIPM-1. These date indicate that up-regulation of PPAR-γ may play a critical role in RA FLSs. Interestingly, co-incubation FLSs with Pioditazone (25 μM) and over expression vector with pEGFP-N1-PPAR-γ reduced proliferation and expressions of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, MMP-1, and MMP-9 in AA FLSs, besides TIMP-1. Further study indicates that PPAR-γ may induce activation Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In short, these results indicate that PPAR-γ may play a pivotal role during FLSs activation and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Fatty Acid Surfactant Photochemistry Results in New Particle Formation
Authors: Alpert Peter A. , Ciuraru Raluca , Rossignol Stéphanie , Passananti Monica , Tinel Liselotte , Perrier Sebastien , Dupart Yoan , Steimer Sarah S. , Ammann Markus , Donaldson D. James , George Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOrganic interfaces that exist at the sea surface microlayer or as surfactant coatings on cloud droplets are highly concentrated and chemically distinct from the underlying bulk or overlying gas phase. Therefore, they may be potentially unique locations for chemical or photochemical reactions. Recently, photochemical production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was reported at a nonanoic acid interface however, subsequent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particle production was incapable of being observed. We investigated SOA particle formation due to photochemical reactions occurring at an air-water interface in presence of model saturated long chain fatty acid and alcohol surfactants, nonanoic acid and nonanol, respectively. Ozonolysis of the gas phase photochemical products in the dark or under continued UV irradiation both resulted in nucleation and growth of SOA particles. Irradiation of nonanol did not yield detectable VOC or SOA production. Organic carbon functionalities of the SOA were probed using X-ray microspectroscopy and compared with other laboratory generated and field collected particles. Carbon-carbon double bonds were identified in the condensed phase which survived ozonolysis during new particle formation and growth. The implications of photochemical processes occurring at organic coated surfaces are discussed in the context of marine SOA particle atmospheric fluxes.