bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach) in dogs: antiseptic efficacy, local tolerability and in vitro effect on skin barrier function and inflammation
Authors: Banovic Frane , Olivry Thierry , Bäumer Wolfgang , Paps Judy , Stahl Jessica , Rogers Ana , Jacob Megan 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDiluted sodium hypochlorite represents an inexpensive and widely available topical antiseptic, but there are no tolerability and efficacy data in veterinary dermatology.ObjectivesTo determine the in vivo antibacterial effect and tolerability of topical diluted bleach application and to assess its in vitro effect on skin barrier lipids and anti‐inflammatory properties on keratinocytes.MethodsTopical hypochlorite at 0.05% and tap water were applied to both sides of the thorax of four healthy dogs. The anti‐inflammatory effect on canine keratinocytes was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction; skin barrier integrity was assessed by evaluating stratum corneum lipid changes in canine stratified epidermal constructs.ResultsThe cell viability of primary keratinocytes treated with water and diluted hypochlorite at 0.005 and 0.01%, reduced the percentage of viable cells by 10%. The exposure of primary keratinocytes to 0.005% diluted hypochlorite significantly reduced the induction of inflammatory genes chemokine ligand‐2 (CCL2; P = 0.015) and thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17, P = 0.032). There were no changes in skin lipid ceramide and nonceramide fractions in stratified epidermal constructs cultured for 17 days with 0.05% hypochlorite. Topical hypochlorite at 0.05% and tap water were well‐tolerated without signs of skin irritation. Although a marked reduction in bacterial counts was seen within 20 min of diluted bleach application compared to the tap water control, this was only marginally significant (P = 0.06).Conclusions and clinical importanceThe results indicate that a topical diluted bleach solution, at either 0.05 or 0.005% hypochlorite concentrations, is a well‐tolerated antiseptic that also exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties.
Comparative seed germination study across alien grapes (Vitis, Vitaceae) in Europe
Authors: Orsenigo S , Ardenghi N M G , Vagge I , Cauzzi P , Müller J V , Mondoni A 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAlien grape (Vitis, Vitaceae) species and recently described hybrids are recognised as major environmental weeds in southern Europe, based on their tendency to spread into natural and semi‐natural habitats, often behaving as invasive species. Despite a high number of agronomic, genetic and phytopathological studies on Vitis cultivars, regeneration from seed has been poorly investigated, although it plays a key role in plant distribution and evolution. To this end, in this study we exposed seeds of eight wild grapes in Europe (three species and five nothospecies, including the native Vitis vinifera), to different temperature treatments in the laboratory. Fresh seeds from all studied taxa were dormant and germinated only after cold and/or warm plus cold stratification, but showing significant differences between the species. Seeds of V. vinifera showed an intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy, while all other tested Vitis taxa exhibited a deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. Dark conditions reduced the germination percentage in Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia and V. vinifera and their hybrids, and alternating temperatures elicited the highest germination percentages in all populations. Our results demonstrated for the first time that Vitis hybrids are capable of regeneration by seed, even in the absence of dispersal by animals. The germination processes studied here help understand the current expansion of alien Vitis taxa in Europe outside the viticultural areas. Consequently, germination requirements contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying alien Vitis taxa establishment and invasion.
Effect of ensiling and in sacco digestion on the viability of seeds of selected weed species
Authors: Piltz J W , Stanton R A , Wu H 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe germinability and viability of mature seeds of five grass (Hordeum spp., Bromus diandrus, Vulpia spp., Avena fatua and Lolium rigidum) and seven broad‐leaved weed species (Echium spp., Physalis hederifolia, Solanum elaeagnifolium, Raphanus raphanistrum, Marrubium vulgare and Malva parviflora) that were either untreated, ensiled for a minimum of three months, underwent 48 h in sacco digestion in steers or ensiled prior to digestion were tested for germinability and viability. Ensiling and digestion both reduced seed viability, although the extent varied with species. The effect of ensiling was generally greater compared with digestion and differed between years for some species. Ensiling or ensiling plus digestion rendered all seeds of Hordeum spp., B. diandrus, Vulpia spp., A. fatua, Echium spp., P. hederifolia (in one year only), S. elaeagnifolium, R. raphanistrum and M. vulgare non‐viable; ensiling and ensiling plus digestion reduced viability of L. rigidum by 74.4% and 92.7% respectively. Viability of M. parviflora displayed the greatest tolerance to damage, with seed viability reduced on average by 31.4%, 27.6% and 27.4% for ensiling, digestion and ensiling plus digestion treatments respectively. These results indicate that ensiling can provide an effective non‐chemical weed management option, as a component of an integrated weed management package, for certain weed species responsible for significant crop and pasture production losses in Australian and world temperate and Mediterranean agricultural systems.
The diagnostic value of shear wave elastography for parathyroid lesions and comparison with cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Polat Ahmet Veysel , Ozturk Mesut , Akyuz Behic , Celenk Cetin , Kefeli Mehmet , Polat Cafer 
Published: September 2017

Aims: The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the feasibility of the Virtual Touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) method of shear wave elastography (SWE) for the discrimination of parathyroid lesions and to compare the lesions’ stiffness with that of cervical lymph nodes.Materials and methods: SWE using VTIQ was performed on 66 patients with 87 histopathologically proven parathyroid lesions (54 parathyroid adenomas and 33 parathyroid hyperplasia) and 29 patients with 31 inflammatory cervical lymph nodes. The mean SWVs of the lesions were compared and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance.Results: The mean SWV of parathyroid adenomas (2.16±0.33 m/s) differed significantly from those of parathyroid hyperplasia and lymph nodes (1.75±0.28 m/s and 1.86±0.37 m/s respectively, p<0.001). Selecting a cutoff value of 1.92 m/s for diagnosing adenoma led to 80% sensitivity and 82% specificity (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.832 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.742–0.921], p< 0.001).Conclusions: The VTIQ method of SWE can contribute to the differentiation of parathyroid adenoma from parathyroid hyperplasia and cervical lymphnodes.
Type I Interferon Signaling to Dendritic Cells Limits Murid Herpesvirus 4 Spread from the Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Lawler Clara , Stevenson Philip G. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) is a B cell-tropic gammaherpesvirus that can be studied
in vivo
. Despite viral evasion, type I interferons (IFN-I) limit its spread. After MuHV-4 inoculation into footpads, IFN-I protect lymph node subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSM) against productive infection; after peritoneal inoculation, they protect splenic marginal zone macrophages, and they limit MuHV-4 replication in the lungs. While invasive infections can be used to test specific aspects of host colonization, it is also important to understand natural infection. MuHV-4 taken up spontaneously by alert mice enters them via olfactory neurons. We determined how IFN-I act in this context. Blocking IFN-I signaling did not increase neuronal infection but allowed the virus to spread to the adjacent respiratory epithelium. In lymph nodes, a complete IFN-I signaling block increased MuHV-4 lytic infection in SSM and increased the number of dendritic cells (DC) expressing viral green fluorescent protein (GFP) independently of lytic infection. A CD11c
+
cell-directed signaling block increased infection of DC only. However, this was sufficient to increase downstream infection, consistent with DC providing the main viral route to B cells. The capacity of IFN-I to limit DC infection indicated that viral IFN-I evasion was only partly effective. Therefore, DC are a possible target for IFN-I-based interventions to reduce host colonization.

IMPORTANCE
Human gammaherpesviruses infect B cells and cause B cell cancers. Interventions to block virus binding to B cells have not stopped their infection. Therefore, we must identify other control points that are relevant to natural infection. Human infections are difficult to analyze. However, gammaherpesviruses colonize all mammals. A related gammaherpesvirus of mice reaches B cells not directly but via infected dendritic cells. We show that type I interferons, an important general antiviral defense, limit gammaherpesvirus B cell infection by acting on dendritic cells. Therefore, dendritic cell infection is a potential point of interferon-based therapeutic intervention.
Clinical profile of pythium keratitis: perioperative measures to reduce risk of recurrence
Authors: Agarwal Shweta , Iyer Geetha , Srinivasan Bhaskar , Agarwal Mamta , Panchalam Sampath Kumar Shobha , Therese Lily K 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo report the clinical profile and role of perioperative adjunctive measures to reduce the risk of recurrence in Pythium insidiosum keratitis.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 10 eyes of 10 patients with P. insidiosum keratitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR DNA sequencing.Results7out of 10 patients were from urban locales, and none had any obvious history of injury with vegetative matter and were being treated for fungal keratitis. 6 eyes presented with central full thickness infiltrates with subepithelial and superficial stromal infiltrates radiating in a reticular pattern. Corneal scraping in all eyes revealed sparsely septate fungal-like filaments on potassium hydroxide/Calcofluor. All eyes underwent the first therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) based on worsening or non-responsiveness of clinical features to the antifungal regimen. Recurrence was noted in 7 out of 10 eyes of which 2 eyes underwent evisceration. Of the six eyes that underwent cryotherapy following confirmation of microbiological diagnosis of Pythium (along with primary TPK-1, with re-TPK-5), only one eye had a recurrence and had to be eviscerated. Of the two eyes that did not undergo cryotherapy during re-TPK, following microbiological diagnosis, one eye had a recurrence and had to be eviscerated. In two eyes with adjoining scleritis, the host bed was swabbed using absolute alcohol of which one eye was salvaged.ConclusionThis series highlights the need to be aware of this entity in the management of refractory fungal keratitis. It also brings to fore the adjunctive measures that could have a beneficial role in the management of pythium keratitis.
Skiers and snowboarders have improved short-term outcomes with immediate fixation of tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Janes Peter C , Leonard Jan , Phillips Jennifer L , Bauer Brent J , Salottolo Kristin , Slone Denetta S , Mains Charles W , Bar-Or David 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundTibial plateau fractures (TPFs) are frequently associated with motor vehicle accidents, auto-pedestrian crashes and falls. However, hospitals near ski resorts commonly treat TPF resulting from skiing. The soft tissue envelope and original mechanism of injury are important determinants in the decision to proceed with immediate or delayed fixation of the fracture. Our objective was to assess whether immediate (≤24 hours) versus delayed (>24 hours) open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) affected in-hospital outcomes among snow sport participants.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients with isolated TPF who were injured while skiing or snowboarding and treated at a Level III Trauma Center that serves four major ski resorts between 2010 and 2013. Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were obtained from an existing trauma database. Imaging was reviewed to classify the fracture as high (Schatzker IV–VI) or low (Schatzker I–III) energy. Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between immediate and delayed ORIF patients were analyzed with χ2and Wilcoxon two-sample tests. These analyses were also performed in the high-energy and low-energy fracture populations.ResultsORIF was performed on 119 snow sport patients, 93 (78%) immediately. Patients had a median age of 49 years (range 19–70) and were predominantly male (66%). Forty percent sustained a high-energy TPF. No differences were observed between the demographic characteristics, injury severity, Schatzker scores or time from injury to hospital arrival for patients treated immediately versus delayed treatment. Compared with delayed fixation, patients treated immediately had less compartment syndrome (3% vs 27%), needed fewer fasciotomies (6% vs 31%) and had a shorter length of stay (3 vs 6.5 days), p<0.05 for all. These results persisted in the stratified analysis of high-energy fracture patients.DiscussionTreating patients immediately led to more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared with delayed treatment, even among the patients with a high-energy fracture.Level of evidenceLevel IV, Therapeutic/Care Management.
An Optimal Algorithm for Reconstructing Point Set Order Types from Radial Orderings
Authors: Aichholzer Oswin , Kusters Vincent , Mulzer Wolfgang , Pilz Alexander , Wettstein Manuel 
Published: September 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a set of [Formula: see text] labeled points in the plane. The radial system of [Formula: see text] describes, for each [Formula: see text], the order in which a ray that rotates around [Formula: see text] encounters the points in [Formula: see text]. This notion is related to the order type of [Formula: see text], which describes the orientation (clockwise or counterclockwise) of every ordered triple in [Formula: see text]. Given only the order type, the radial system is uniquely determined and can easily be obtained. The converse, however, is not true. Indeed, let [Formula: see text] be the radial system of [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be the set of all order types with radial system [Formula: see text] (we define [Formula: see text] for the case that [Formula: see text] is not a valid radial system). Aichholzer et al. (Reconstructing Point Set Order Types from Radial Orderings, in Proc. ISAAC 2014) show that [Formula: see text] may contain up to [Formula: see text] order types. They also provide polynomial-time algorithms to compute [Formula: see text] when only [Formula: see text] is given. We describe a new algorithm for finding [Formula: see text]. The algorithm constructs the convex hulls of all possible point sets with the radial system [Formula: see text]. After that, orientation queries on point triples can be answered in constant time. A representation of this set of convex hulls can be found in [Formula: see text] queries to the radial system, using [Formula: see text] additional processing time. This is optimal. Our results also generalize to abstract order types.
Characterization of ion channels and O2sensitivity in gill neuroepithelial cells of the anoxia-tolerant goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Zachar Peter C. , Pan Wen , Jonz Michael G. 
Published: September 2017

The neuroepithelial cell (NEC) of the fish gill is an important model for O2sensing in vertebrates; however, a complete picture of the chemosensory mechanisms in NECs is lacking, and O2chemoreception in vertebrates that are tolerant to anoxia has not yet been explored. Using whole cell patch-clamp recording, we characterized four types of ion channels in NECs isolated from the anoxia-tolerant goldfish. A Ca2+-dependent K+current ( IKCa) peaked at ~20 mV, was potentiated by increased intracellular Ca2+, and was reduced by 100 μM Cd2+. A voltage-dependent inward current in Ba2+solution, with peak at 0 mV, confirmed the presence of Ca2+channels. A voltage-dependent K+current ( IKV) was inhibited by 20 mM tetraethylammonium and 5 mM 4-aminopyridine, revealing a background K+current ( IKB) with open rectification. Mean resting membrane potential of −45.2 ± 11.6 mV did not change upon administration of hypoxia (Po2 = 11 mmHg), nor were any of the K+currents sensitive to changes in Po2during whole cell recording. By contrast, when the membrane and cytosol were left undisturbed during fura-2 or FM 1-43 imaging experiments, hypoxia increased intracellular Ca2+concentration and initiated synaptic vesicle activity. 100 μM Cd2+and 50 μM nifedipine eliminated uptake of FM 1-43. We conclude that Ca2+influx via L-type Ca2+channels is correlated with vesicular activity during hypoxic stimulation. In addition, we suggest that expression of IKCain gill NECs is species specific and, in goldfish, may contribute to an attenuated response to acute hypoxia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first physiological characterization of oxygen chemoreceptors from an anoxia-tolerant vertebrate. Neuroepithelial cells (NECs) from the gills of goldfish displayed L-type Ca2+channels and three types of K+channels, one of which was dependent upon intracellular Ca2+. Although membrane currents were not inhibited by hypoxia during patch-clamp recording, this study is the first to show that NECs with an undisturbed cytosol responded to hypoxia with increased intracellular Ca2+and synaptic vesicle activity.
Spasticity may obscure motor learning ability after stroke
Authors: Subramanian Sandeep K. , Feldman Anatol G. , Levin Mindy F. 
Published: September 2017

Previous motor learning studies based on adapting movements of the hemiparetic arm in stroke subjects have not accounted for spasticity occurring in specific joint ranges (spasticity zones), resulting in equivocal conclusions about learning capacity. We compared the ability of participants with stroke to rapidly adapt elbow extension movements to changing external load conditions outside and inside spasticity zones. Participants with stroke ( n = 12, aged 57.8 ± 9.6 yr) and healthy age-matched controls ( n = 8, 63.5 ± 9.1 yr) made rapid 40°–50° horizontal elbow extension movements from an initial (3°) to a final (6°) target. Sixteen blocks (6–10 trials/block) consisting of alternating loaded (30% maximal voluntary contraction) and nonloaded trials were made in one (controls) or two sessions (stroke; 1 wk apart). For the stroke group, the tonic stretch reflex threshold angle at which elbow flexors began to be activated during passive elbow extension was used to identify the beginning of the spasticity zone. The task was repeated in joint ranges that did or did not include the spasticity zone. Error correction strategies were identified by the angular positions before correction and compared between groups and sessions. Changes in load condition from no load to load and vice versa resulted in undershoot and overshoot errors, respectively. Stroke subjects corrected errors in 1–4 trials compared with 1–2 trials in controls. When movements did not include the spasticity zone, there was an immediate decrease in the number of trials needed to restore accuracy, suggesting that the capacity to learn may be preserved after stroke but masked by the presence of spasticity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When arm movements were made outside, instead of inside, the range affected by spasticity, there was an immediate decrease in the number of trials needed to restore accuracy in response to a change in the external load. This suggests that motor learning processes may be preserved in patients with stroke but masked by the presence of spasticity in specific joint ranges. This has important implications for designing rehabilitation interventions predicated on motor learning principles.
Contribution of sensory feedback to plantar flexor muscle activation during push-off in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Frisk Rasmus F. , Jensen Peter , Kirk Henrik , Bouyer Laurent J. , Lorentzen Jakob , Nielsen Jens B. 
Published: September 2017

Exaggerated sensory activity has been assumed to contribute to functional impairment following lesion of the central motor pathway. However, recent studies have suggested that sensory contribution to muscle activity during gait is reduced in stroke patients and children with cerebral palsy (CP). We investigated whether this also occurs in CP adults and whether daily treadmill training is accompanied by alterations in sensory contribution to muscle activity. Seventeen adults with CP and 12 uninjured individuals participated. The participants walked on a treadmill while a robotized ankle-foot orthosis applied unload perturbations at the ankle, thereby removing sensory feedback naturally activated during push-off. Reduction of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the soleus muscle caused by unloads was compared and related to kinematics and ankle joint stiffness measurements. Similar measures were obtained after 6 wk of gait training. We found that sensory contribution to soleus EMG activation was reduced in CP adults compared with uninjured adults. The lowest contribution of sensory feedback was found in participants with lowest maximal gait speed. This was related to increased ankle plantar flexor stiffness. Six weeks of gait training did not alter the contribution of sensory feedback. We conclude that exaggerated sensory activity is unlikely to contribute to impaired gait in CP adults, because sensory contribution to muscle activity during gait was reduced compared with in uninjured individuals. Increased passive stiffness around the ankle joint is likely to diminish sensory feedback during gait so that a larger part of plantar flexor muscle activity must be generated by descending motor commands.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings suggest that adults with cerebral palsy have less contribution of sensory feedback to ongoing soleus muscle activation during push-off than uninjured individuals. Increased passive stiffness around the ankle joint is likely to diminish sensory feedback during gait, and/or sensory feedback is less integrated with central motor commands in the activation of spinal motor neurons. Consequently, muscle activation must to a larger extent rely on descending drive, which is already decreased because of the cerebral lesion.