bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of the heme‐based oxygen sensor, AfGcHK, its interactions with the cognate response regulator, and their combined mechanism of action in a bacterial two‐component signaling system
Authors: Stranava Martin , Martínek Václav , Man Petr , Fojtikova Veronika , Kavan Daniel , Vaněk Ondřej , Shimizu Toru , Martinkova Marketa 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe oxygen sensor histidine kinase AfGcHK from the bacterium Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw 109‐5 forms a two‐component signal transduction system together with its cognate response regulator (RR). The binding of oxygen to the heme iron of its N‐terminal sensor domain causes the C‐terminal kinase domain of AfGcHK to autophosphorylate at His183 and then transfer this phosphate to Asp52 or Asp169 of the RR protein. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that AfGcHK and the RR protein form a complex with 2:1 stoichiometry. Hydrogen‐deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS) suggested that the most flexible part of the whole AfGcHK protein is a loop that connects the two domains and that the heme distal side of AfGcHK, which is responsible for oxygen binding, is the only flexible part of the sensor domain. HDX‐MS studies on the AfGcHK:RR complex also showed that the N‐side of the H9 helix in the dimerization domain of the AfGcHK kinase domain interacts with the helix H1 and the β‐strand B2 area of the RR protein's Rec1 domain, and that the C‐side of the H8 helix region in the dimerization domain of the AfGcHK protein interacts mostly with the helix H5 and β‐strand B6 area of the Rec1 domain. The Rec1 domain containing the phosphorylable Asp52 of the RR protein probably has a significantly higher affinity for AfGcHK than the Rec2 domain. We speculate that phosphorylation at Asp52 changes the overall structure of RR such that the Rec2 area containing the second phosphorylation site (Asp169) can also interact with AfGcHK. Proteins 2016; 84:1375–1389. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preclinical study of transcervical upper mediastinal dissection for esophageal malignancy by robot‐assisted surgery
Authors: Mori Kazuhiko , Yoshimura Shuntaro , Yamagata Yukinori , Aikou Susumu , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgical systems are potentially applicable to transcervical mediastinal lymph dissection for esophageal malignancy.MethodsRobot‐assisted surgery was performed on a male fresh‐frozen human cadaver. Devices for single‐port laparoscopic surgery were deployed via one small incision in the left clavicular area. The task for the robot‐assisted surgery was the upper mediastinal dissection to the level of the left main bronchus and en bloc harvest of the lymph nodes adherent to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve.ResultsAn up‐angled 30° scope in the 6 o'clock port and two robotic arms from the 3 and 9 o'clock ports worked effectively together. No collisions of the devices inside the cadaveric body or unexpected traumatic events occurred.ConclusionThe robotic surgical system can be used safely for the upper mediastinal dissection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 over Heterostructure Semiconductors into Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Guo Ling‐ju , Wang Yan‐jie , He Tao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPhotoreduction of CO2, which utilizes solar energy to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons, can be an effective means to overcome the increasing energy crisis and mitigate the rising emissions of greenhouse gas. This article covers recent advances in the CO2 photoreduction over heterostructure‐based photocatalysts. The fundamentals of CO2 photoreduction and classification of the heterostructured photocatalysts are discussed first, followed by the latest work on the CO2 photoreduction over heterostructured photocatalysts in terms of the classification of the coupling semiconductors. Finally, a brief summary and a perspective on the challenges in this area are presented.
Treatment of Pre-Collapse Stages of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Villa Jordan C. , Husain Solomon , van der List Jelle P. , Gianakos Arianna , Lane Joseph M. 
Published: June 2016

Background Treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) remains controversial. Current reviews include low-level evidence studies evaluating the treatment of both pre-collapse and collapse stages of the disease. Questions/Purposes The purpose of the current study is to systematically review the literature evaluating core decompression (CD) with bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMCs), CD alone, and bisphosphonate treatment in pre-collapse ONFH by focusing just on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting functional and radiologic outcomes. We aim to determine if the literature provides evidence supporting any single approach. Methods Using PubMed and EMBASE databases, we reviewed the clinical evidence of treatments for pre-collapse ONFH following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twelve RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Results Results showed that CD with BMMCs has lower risk of femoral head collapse when compared to the CD alone excluding hips lost to follow-up (relative risk (RR) [95% CI]:0.25 [0.11, 0.60]; p = 0.002) and when assumed that hips lost to follow-up experienced collapse (RR [95% CI]: 0.11 [0.03, 0.47]; p = 0.003). Neither CD nor bisphosphonate treatments showed lower risk to femoral head collapse when compared to control treatments ( p = 0.46 and 0.31, respectively) Conclusion Current literature shows that there is a lower risk of femoral head collapse in patients with ONFH treated with CD combined with BMMCs when compared to CD alone; however, there is no robust evidence to determine the effect on functional outcomes. More RCTs assessing new combination therapies and using standardized outcome measures are required.
Magmatism in Western Cuddapahs: The Mafic Sills and Lava Flows of Vempalle and Tadpatri Formations
Authors: Chakraborty Kasturi , Mukhopadhyay P. K. , Pankaj Praveer 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
The western part of Cuddapah basin has been considered as a foreland to the fold-thrust belt represented by eastern Nallamalais and Nellore schist belt. The igneous activities, in the form of lava flows and sills, in western Cuddapahs have been a subject of controversy since tectonogenetic models ranging from a mantle plume to lithospheric extension have been suggested. The present work covers a detailed study of the mafic sills and lava flows of Vempalle and Tadpatri formations in western Cuddapahs, which earlier workers have also noted. A detailed field and laboratory work in this study brings out, for the first time, five distinct petrographic and geochemical varieties of sills. Geochemical studies also suggest that the different sill types have originated from varying degrees of partial melting of a metasomatized sub-crustal lithospheric mantle, the metasomatism of source being attributed to older Archaean convergent settings/greenstone belts that the basin unconformably overlies. The possible contribution of any small plume is only heating and doming of overlying mantle that induced incipient crustal rifting. Our geochemical studies on the lava flows of Vempalle Formation also suggest that the magma was derived from small degree of partial melting of spinel-garnet peridotite mantle in a rift setting.
An Ichthyosaur Vertebra from the Cretaceous (Middle Cenomanian) Karai Formation, Southern India
Authors: Ayyasami K. , Elamparuthi S. , Gowtham B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
The note describes a well-preserved ichthyosaur vertebra from the upper Cretaceous Karai Formation (late Albian to late Cenomanian) of the Uttattur Group of rocks exposed near Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu, southern India.
MAPT haplotype H1G is associated with increased risk of dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Labbé Catherine , Heckman Michael G. , Lorenzo‐Betancor Oswaldo , Soto‐Ortolaza Alexandra I. , Walton Ronald L. , Murray Melissa E. , Allen Mariet , Uitti Ryan J. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Smith Glenn E. , Kantarci Kejal , Knopman David S. , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Hassan Anhar , Savica Rodolfo , Petersen Ronald C. , Parisi Joseph E. , Maraganore Demetrius M. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Ferman Tanis J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Dickson Dennis W. , Ross Owen A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe MAPT H1 haplotype has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. We were interested in exploring the role of MAPT haplotypic variation in risk of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodWe genotyped six MAPT haplotype tagging SNPs and screened 431 clinical DLB cases, 347 pathologically defined high‐likelihood DLB cases, and 1049 controls.ResultWe performed haplotypic association tests and detected an association with the protective H2 haplotype in our combined series (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75). We fine‐mapped the locus and identified a relatively rare haplotype, H1G, that is associated with an increased risk of DLB (OR = 3.30, P = .0017). This association was replicated in our pathologically defined series (OR = 2.26, P = .035).DiscussionThese results support a role for H1 and specifically H1G in susceptibility to DLB. However, the exact functional variant at the locus is still unknown, and additional studies are warranted to fully explain genetic risk of DLB at the MAPT locus.
Stromal senescence establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that drives tumorigenesis
Authors: Ruhland Megan K. , Loza Andrew J. , Capietto Aude-Helene , Luo Xianmin , Knolhoff Brett L. , Flanagan Kevin C. , Belt Brian A. , Alspach Elise , Leahy Kathleen , Luo Jingqin , Schaffer Andras , Edwards John R. , Longmore Gregory , Faccio Roberta , DeNardo David G. , Stewart Sheila A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAge is a significant risk factor for the development of cancer. However, the mechanisms that drive age-related increases in cancer remain poorly understood. To determine if senescent stromal cells influence tumorigenesis, we develop a mouse model that mimics the aged skin microenvironment. Using this model, here we find that senescent stromal cells are sufficient to drive localized increases in suppressive myeloid cells that contributed to tumour promotion. Further, we find that the stromal-derived senescence-associated secretory phenotype factor interleukin-6 orchestrates both increases in suppressive myeloid cells and their ability to inhibit anti-tumour T-cell responses. Significantly, in aged, cancer-free individuals, we find similar increases in immune cells that also localize near senescent stromal cells. This work provides evidence that the accumulation of senescent stromal cells is sufficient to establish a tumour-permissive, chronic inflammatory microenvironment that can shelter incipient tumour cells, thus allowing them to proliferate and progress unabated by the immune system.
Weyl fermions and spin dynamics of metallic ferromagnet SrRuO3
Authors: Itoh Shinichi , Endoh Yasuo , Yokoo Tetsuya , Ibuka Soshi , Park Je-Geun , Kaneko Yoshio , Takahashi Kei S. , Tokura Yoshinori , Nagaosa Naoto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWeyl fermions that emerge at band crossings in momentum space caused by the spin–orbit interaction act as magnetic monopoles of the Berry curvature and contribute to a variety of novel transport phenomena such as anomalous Hall effect and magnetoresistance. However, their roles in other physical properties remain mostly unexplored. Here, we provide evidence by neutron Brillouin scattering that the spin dynamics of the metallic ferromagnet SrRuO3 in the very low energy range of milli-electron volts is closely relevant to Weyl fermions near Fermi energy. Although the observed spin wave dispersion is well described by the quadratic momentum dependence, the temperature dependence of the spin wave gap shows a nonmonotonous behaviour, which can be related to that of the anomalous Hall conductivity. This shows that the spin dynamics directly reflects the crucial role of Weyl fermions in the metallic ferromagnet.
Long-term effects of simulated microgravity and/or chronic exposure to low-dose gamma radiation on behavior and blood–brain barrier integrity
Authors: Bellone John A , Gifford Peter S , Nishiyama Nina C , Hartman Richard E , Mao Xiao Wen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAstronauts on lengthy voyages will be exposed to an environment of microgravity and ionizing radiation that may have adverse effects on physical abilities, mood, and cognitive functioning. However, little is known about the long-term effects of combined microgravity and low-dose radiation. We exposed mice to gamma radiation using a cobalt-57 plate (0.01 cGy/h for a total dose of 0.04 Gy), hindlimb unloading to simulate microgravity, or a combination of both for 3 weeks. Mice then underwent a behavioral test battery after 1 week, 1 month, 4 months, and 8 months to assess sensorimotor coordination/balance (rotarod), activity levels (open field), learned helplessness/depression-like behavior (tail suspension test), risk-taking (elevated zero maze), and spatial learning/memory (water maze). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression was assessed in the brain after behavioral testing to determine blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Mice that received unloading spent significantly more time in the exposed portions of the elevated zero maze, were hypoactive in the open field, and spent less time struggling on the tail suspension test than mice that did not receive unloading. Mice in the combination group expressed more AQP4 immunoactivity than controls. Elevated zero maze and AQP4 data were correlated. No differences were seen on the water maze or rotarod, and no radiation-only effects were observed. These results suggest that microgravity may lead to changes in exploratory/risk-taking behaviors in the absence of other sensorimotor or cognitive deficits and that combined microgravity and a chronic, low dose of gamma radiation may lead to BBB dysfunction.
Physiological fluid shear alters the virulence potential of invasive multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium D23580
Authors: Yang Jiseon , Barrila Jennifer , Roland Kenneth L , Ott C Mark , Nickerson Cheryl A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains belonging to sequence type ST313 are a major cause of fatal bacteremia among HIV-infected adults and children in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike “classical” non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), gastroenteritis is often absent during ST313 infections and isolates are most commonly recovered from blood, rather than from stool. This is consistent with observations in animals, in which ST313 strains displayed lower levels of intestinal colonization and higher recovery from deeper tissues relative to classic NTS isolates. A better understanding of the key environmental factors regulating these systemic infections is urgently needed. Our previous studies using dynamic Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) bioreactor technology demonstrated that physiological levels of fluid shear regulate virulence, gene expression, and stress response profiles of classic S. Typhimurium. Here we provide the first demonstration that fluid shear alters the virulence potential and pathogenesis-related stress responses of ST313 strain D23580 in a manner that differs from classic NTS.
STMN1 Promotes Progesterone Production Via StAR Up-regulation in Mouse Granulosa Cells
Authors: Dou Yun-De , Zhao Han , Huang Tao , Zhao Shi-Gang , Liu Xiao-Man , Yu Xiao-Chen , Ma Zeng-Xiang , Zhang Yu-Chao , Liu Tao , Gao Xuan , Li Lei , Lu Gang , Chan Wai-Yee , Gao Fei , Liu Hong-Bin , Chen Zi-Jiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStathmin 1 (STMN1) is a biomarker in several types of neoplasms. It plays an important role in cell cycle progression, mitosis, signal transduction and cell migration. In ovaries, STMN1 is predominantly expressed in granulosa cells (GCs). However, little is known about the role of STMN1 in ovary. In this study, we demonstrated that STMN1 is overexpressed in GCs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In mouse primary GCs, the overexpression of STMN1 stimulated progesterone production, whereas knockdown of STMN1 decreased progesterone production. We also found that STMN1 positively regulates the expression of Star (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) and Cyp11a1 (cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1). Promoter and ChIP assays indicated that STMN1 increased the transcriptional activity of Star and Cyp11a1 by binding to their promoter regions. The data suggest that STMN1 mediates the progesterone production by modulating the promoter activity of Star and Cyp11a1. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of STMN1 in ovary GC steroidogenesis. A better understanding of this potential interaction between STMN1 and Star in progesterone biosynthesis in GCs will facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic targets in PCOS.
Computational support for a scaffolding mechanism of centriole assembly
Authors: Klein Heinrich C. R. , Guichard Paul , Hamel Virginie , Gönczy Pierre , Schwarz Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCentrioles are essential for forming cilia, flagella and centrosomes. Successful centriole assembly requires proteins of the SAS-6 family, which can form oligomeric ring structures with ninefold symmetry in vitro. While important progress has been made in understanding SAS-6 protein biophysics, the mechanisms enabling ring formation in vivo remain elusive. Likewise, the mechanisms by which a nascent centriole forms near-orthogonal to an existing one are not known. Here, we investigate possible mechanisms of centriole assembly using coarse-grained Brownian dynamics computer simulations in combination with a rate equation approach. Our results suggest that without any external factors, strong stabilization associated with ring closure would be needed to enable efficient ring formation. Strikingly, our simulations reveal that a scaffold-assisted assembly mechanism can trigger robust ring formation owing to local cooperativity, and that this mechanism can also impart orthogonalilty to centriole assembly. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the organizing principles governing the assembly of this important organelle.
Impaired HDL cholesterol efflux in metabolic syndrome is unrelated to glucose tolerance status: the CODAM study
Authors: Annema Wijtske , Dikkers Arne , de Boer Jan Freark , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Dullaart Robin P. F. , Tietge Uwe J. F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is a key metric of the anti-atherosclerotic functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The present study aimed to delineate if T2DM and MetS cross-sectionally associate with altered CEC in a large high cardiometabolic risk population. CEC was determined from THP-1 macrophage foam cells towards apolipoprotein B-depleted plasma from 552 subjects of the CODAM cohort (288 controls, 126 impaired glucose metabolism [IGM], 138 T2DM). MetS was present in 297 participants. CEC was not different between different glucose tolerance categories but was lower in MetS (P < 0.001), at least partly attributable to lower HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA-I levels (P < 0.001 for each). Low grade inflammation was increased in IGM, T2DM and MetS as determined by a score comprising 8 different biomarkers (P < 0.05-< 0.001; n = 547). CEC inversely associated with low-grade inflammation taking account of HDL-C or apoA-I in MetS (P < 0.02), but not in subjects without MetS (interaction: P = 0.015). This study demonstrates that IGM and T2DM do not impact the HDL CEC function, while efflux is lower in MetS, partly dependent on plasma HDL-C levels. Enhanced low-grade inflammation in MetS may conceivably impair CEC even independent of HDL-C and apoA-I.
Subtilisin-like protease-1 secreted through type IV secretion system contributes to high virulence of Streptococcus suis 2
Authors: Yin Supeng , Li Ming , Rao Xiancai , Yao Xinyue , Zhong Qiu , Wang Min , Wang Jing , Peng Yizhi , Tang Jiaqi , Hu Fuquan , Zhao Yan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStreptococcus suis serotype 2 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that triggered two outbreaks of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) in China. Our previous research demonstrated that a type IV secretion system (T4SS) harbored in the 89K pathogenicity island contributes to the pathogenicity of S. suis 2. In the present study, a shotgun proteomics approach was employed to identify the effectors secreted by T4SS in S. suis 2 and surface-associated subtilisin-like protease-1 (SspA-1) was identified as a potential virulence effector. Western blot analysis and pull-down assay revealed that SspA-1 secretion depends on T4SS. Knockout mutations affecting sspA-1 attenuated S. suis 2 and impaired the pathogen’s ability to trigger inflammatory response in mice. And purified SspA-1 induced the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12p70 in THP-1 cells directly. SspA-1 is the first T4SS virulence effector reported in Gram-positive bacteria. Overall, these findings allow us to gain further insights into the pathogenesis of T4SS and STSS.
Giant reversible anisotropy changes at room temperature in a (La,Sr)MnO3/Pb(Mg,Nb,Ti)O3 magneto-electric heterostructure
Authors: Chopdekar Rajesh Vilas , Buzzi Michele , Jenkins Catherine , Arenholz Elke , Nolting Frithjof , Takamura Yayoi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn a model artificial multiferroic system consisting of a (011)-oriented ferroelectric Pb(Mg,Nb,Ti)O3 substrate intimately coupled to an epitaxial ferromagnetic (La,Sr)MnO3 film, electric field pulse sequences of less than 6 kV/cm induce large, reversible and bistable remanent strains. The magnetic anisotropy symmetry reversibly switches from a highly anisotropic two-fold state to a more isotropic one, with concomitant changes in resistivity. Anisotropy changes at the scale of a single ferromagnetic domain were measured using X-ray microscopy, with electric-field dependent magnetic domain reversal showing that the energy barrier for magnetization reversal is drastically lowered. Free energy calculations confirm this barrier lowering by up to 70% due to the anisotropic strain changes generated by the substrate. Thus, we demonstrate that an electric field pulse can be used to ‘set’ and ‘reset’ the magnetic anisotropy orientation and resistive state in the film, as well as to lower the magnetization reversal barrier, showing a promising route towards electric-field manipulation of multifunctional nanostructures at room temperature.
Soluble B7-H3 promotes the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma cells through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xie Chao , Liu Danqing , Chen Qijun , Yang Chong , Wang Bo , Wu Heshui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated a relationship between soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) and the poor prognosis of patients with malignant tumors, and increasing evidence has shown a connection between sB7-H3 and NF-κB in tumor progression. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that sB7-H3 promotes the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma cells through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In this study, we observed that sB7-H3 was highly expressed in mB7-H3-positive pancreatic carcinoma (PCa) cells. Exogenous sB7-H3 significantly increased NF-κB activity and promoted the migration and invasion of PCa cells. Further studies proved that sB7-H3 first up-regulated TLR4 expression, then activated NF-κB signaling and finally promoted IL-8 and VEGF expression. In contrast, the silencing of TLR4 using a stable short hairpin RNA significantly decreased the sB7-H3-induced activity of NF-κB and the expression of IL-8 and VEGF in PCa cells. In vivo animal experiments further demonstrated that TLR4-knock-down tumor cells displayed a decreased ability to metastasize compared with the control tumor cells after being induced by sB7-H3. Collectively, these results demonstrate that sB7-H3 promotes invasion and metastasis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in pancreatic carcinoma cells.