bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esthétique et anatomie : science, religion, sensation
Authors: Hugues Sylvie 
Published: June 2016

Sylvie Hugues : Esthetics and anatomy : science, religion and sensation.
From its beginnings, three-dimensional anatomy was placed under the patronage of both science and art. The first wax representations of the human body attempted to translate the Cartesian mechanical model in an aesthetic form. The progress of anatomy and the development of physiology during the 18th Century led to the gradual disappearance of a scientific discourse in these anatomical pieces. They became purely artistic objects embodying the imaginary terrors of a privileged society.
Les premiers ballons et la conquête du ciel. Les dimensions d'une découverte
Authors: Thébaud-Sorger Marie 
Published: June 2016

Marie Thébaud-Sorger : The first air-balloons and the conquest of the air. The dimensions of a discovery.
The enthusiasm created by the discovery of ballooning in 1783 produced a large number of prints, which usually represent the balloon taking off from the ground. The new technical possibility for humans to rise in the air might also have provided the opportunity for producing views from above, but it was not the case. This article tries to study, through the aeronauts' own accounts, why no drawing or sketch was made from the air. Their lack of references for grasping change of scale and rising movement meant that they did not develop a new vision of space (panoramas or aerial perspectives). The reasons are as much scientific and instiutional as cultural.
Peinture et savoirs scientifiques. Le cas des Observations sur la peinture (1753) de Jacques Gautier d'Agoty
Authors: Lavezzi Elizabeth 
Published: June 2016

Elisabeth Lavezzi : Painting and scientific knowledge. The case of Jacques Gautier d'Agoty's Observations sur la peinture (1753).
Jacques Gautier d'Agoty (1710-1785), who was both a painter and engraver and the author of scientific works, combined these two preoccupations in his Observations sur la peinture et les tableaux anciens et modernes, published in 1753. His transfer of a scientific model to the field of aesthetics had three aims : to revive anatomy in painting, to explain the optical reality that perspective reproduces, and to appreciate paintings in terms of the physiology of the eye. The scientific art criticism that he was trying to establish was based on experiments made thanks to the camera obscura, an artificial eye. Apart from its paradoxical aspects, this procedure led him to question notions of nature and genre. In addition, as perspective, anatomy and restoration implied cutting and pruning by a sadistical hand, to escape from it, he imagined painting without a hand.
Je-sais-quoi : la représentation des formes du vivant dans l'œuvre de William Hogarth
Authors: Ogée Frédéric 
Published: June 2016

Frédéric Ogée : Je-sais-quoi. The representation of forms of life in the works of William Hogarth.
The rise of English painting and, more widely, of a visual culture in 18th-century Britain, is a remarkable manifestation of the new epistemology which, under the influence of Locke, Newton and the natural philosophers of the Royal Society, transformed the way the British perceived nature. The painter and engraver William Hogarth played a crucial role in this (re)volution. His works can be read as examples of the new 'observational' attitude, of the 'modern' modes of representation of natural phenomena. One of his most original characteristics — from which both his success and his difficulties with academic orthodoxy derived — was the attention he paid to the variety of forms of life and the way he incorporated and played upon the irregular, the proliferating and the disorderly in nature. Both instinctively and culturally empirical, he devised an aesthetics that could account for evolution and accumulation, and new forms of representation of reality which daringly describe examples of proliferation and de-composition, turning his pictures into tangible visual experiments.
Masque et séduction dans la Venise de Casanova
Authors: Bertrand Gilles 
Published: June 2016

Gilles Bertrand : Mask and seduction in Casanova's Venice.
A study of the text of Casanova's Memoirs and a comparison with 18th-century printed and archive sources help to revise the mythical 19th-century vision of the Venice carnaval. While the mask was an weapon of seduction and an aid to enjoyment which provided Casanova with subtle pleasures, it was also a way of life for the Venetian aristocracy, a form of public costume which protected the wearer and preserved his incognito. As well as guaranteeing the privilege of extraterritoriality, it was part a network of constraints whose purpose was to control relations with foreigners and moralize social life. Casanova, who was profoundly legalistic as well as a past master in the conduct of his affairs, was above all a Venitian who understood the art of using the whole range of the mask's possibilities.
État présent de la critique sadienne
Authors: Cryle Peter 
Published: June 2016

Peter Cryle : The present state of Sade studies.
This article adopts what might be called a diagnostic approach to the present state of Sade studies. It considers Sade' s status as an intellectual and artistic revolutionary, finding evidence that this reputation, while maintaining Sade' s fame (or infamy), has often been a great impediment to serious analytical and historical study of his work. The various recent biographies of Sade in French and English are considered in terms of their struggle to cope with the profound ambivalence attending the divine/diabolical name of Sade. A further question is then asked about Sade' s works in relation to the history of sexuality. It is suggested that historical work being done in English is less subject to, and less inhibited by, the canonical modernist figure of Sade as hero of sexual liberation.
De la science à l'esthétique : l'architecture dans l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert et la Méthodique de Quatremère de Quincy
Authors: Groult Martine 
Published: June 2016

Martine Groult : From science to esthetics. Architecture in Diderot's
and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie and Quatremère de Quincy's Encyclopédie Méthodique.
Architecture in the 1 8th Century provided a unique example of interdisciplinarity, as can be seen from its presence in each of the faculties of the understanding as they are presented in the Encyclopédie' s figurative plan of the system of human knowledge. This means that, from the editor's point of view, this discipline is a science which succeds admirably in the transition to art. J. F. Blondel, following Vitruvius, reinforced the social dynamic brought out by its direct links with mechanical as well as liberal arts. Ledoux insisted on the simultaneous integration of method and taste, which opened the door to the recognition of variety. Thus Quatremère de Quincy could claim for it the status of an autonomous art in its relationship with sculpture and painting. This means that architecture was defined no longer strictly by the perception of relationships but by the construction of an alliance between science and art, in a way which allowed the encyclopedic spirit to be transformed into cosmopolitanism and which brought out the real issues at stake.
Rire et érudition chez Voltaire
Authors: Mervaud Christiane 
Published: June 2016

Laughter and erudition in Voltaire.
Voltaire is generally seen as good at laughter and bad at erudition, but this cliché must be re-evaluated by looking at the relationship between laughter and erudition in his works. He made fun of pedants but was a great reader of erudite tomes and collected "gaieties of erudition". Here we study the comic metamorphoses of learned expositions ; this alchemy of laughter and erudition invites the question of the reader's competence and the need for explanatory notes which both allow one to laugh and hinder the spontaneity of laughter. Voltaire's laughter possesses a certain social and intellectual élitism, although some of his jokes are immediately obvious. By attacking the eternal spirit of seriousness, Voltaire aimed at, and succeeded in, liberating the reader from "sad reasoning".
Mettre les rieurs de son côté : un enjeu des salons de peinture dans la seconde moitié du siècle
Authors: Ferran Florence 
Published: June 2016

Having the last laugh in the artistic salons of the second half of the century.
Two Salon criticisms, twenty years apart, led to disputes exacerbated by laughter. In 1747 some artists caricatured La Font de Saint-Yenne as an arrogant nuisance, mocking his pretensions to be an enlightened connoisseur. They saw his Réflexions as an attempt by writers to take over the new thinking on developments in art. At the end of the 1760s, Daudet de Jossan commented on the Salon through the mouthpiece of a popular comic ; here there was no question of convincing by means of serious reasons, for the critic favoured laughter, although with some literary sophistication. His burlesque criticism has all the ambivalence of so-called "popular" literature. On the one hand, it oscillates between vulgarity and Lucianesque atticism, while on the other, it is directed against the pretension and weakness of great painting and against the plebian public of the Salon, who are however given a voice. It is anonymous, colourful and without identity or history except that created by comic literary history. Theoretical or critical considerations are less important than the desire to produce a work of literature.
Science et esthétique chez les francs-maçons. L'exemple des Illuminés de Bavière
Authors: Simonis Linda 
Published: June 2016

Science and æsthetics among the Freemasons ; the example of the Bavarian Illuminati.
This article explores the process which, during the 18th Century, brought aesthetic trends and scientific ideas closer together, and in which Freemasonry was a particular domain for exchanges and intellectual transfers. The trait which particularly predisposed Freemasonry to fulfill this function is the fact that it encourages and develops a taste for the sublime. The notion of the sublime also inspired reflection on art and the image in contemporary thought of scientific discovery. Thus Masonic culture contributed in an original way to the formation of a scientific imagination which proposed an aesthetic vision.
THE PAN-PACIFIC PLANET SEARCH. V. FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS FOR 164 EVOLVED STARS
Authors: Wittenmyer Robert A. , Liu Fan , Wang Liang , Casagrande Luca , Johnson John Asher , Tinney C. G. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We present spectroscopic stellar parameters for the complete target list of 164 evolved stars from the Pan-Pacific Planet Search, a five-year radial velocity campaign using the 3.9 m Anglo-Australian Telescope. For 87 of these bright giants, our work represents the first determination of their fundamental parameters. Our results carry typical uncertainties of 100 K, 0.15 dex, and 0.1 dex in T
eff, log g, and [Fe/H] and are consistent with literature values where available. The derived stellar masses have a mean of

M
⊙, with a tail extending to ∼2 M
⊙, consistent with the interpretation of these targets as “retired” A-F type stars.
A VERY LARGE ARRAY SEARCH FOR INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN M81
Authors: Wrobel J. M. , Miller-Jones J. C. A. , Middleton M. J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Nantais et al. used the Hubble Space Telescope to localize probable globular clusters (GCs) in M81, a spiral galaxy at a distance of 3.63 Mpc. Theory predicts that GCs can host intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with masses

. Finding IMBHs in GCs could validate a formation channel for seed BHs in the early universe, bolster gravitational-wave predictions for space missions, and test scaling relations between stellar systems and the central BHs they host. We used the NRAO Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array to search for the radiative signatures of IMBH accretion from 206 probable GCs in a mosaic of M81. The observing wavelength was 5.5 cm, and the spatial resolution was 1.″5 (26.4 pc). None of the individual GCs are detected, nor are weighted-mean image stacks of the 206 GCs and the 49 massive GCs with stellar masses

. We apply a semiempirical model to predict the mass of an IMBH that, if undergoing accretion in the long-lived, hard X-ray state, is consistent with a given radio luminosity. The 3σ radio-luminosity upper limits correspond to IMBH masses of

for the all-cluster stack and

for the massive-cluster stack. We also apply the empirical fundamental-plane relation to two X-ray-detected clusters, finding that their individual IMBH masses at 95% confidence are M
BH < 99,000 M
⊙ and

. Finally, no analog of HLX-1, a strong IMBH candidate in an extragalactic star cluster, occurs in any individual GC in M81. This underscores the uniqueness or rarity of the HLX-1 phenomenon.
OSSOS III—RESONANT TRANS-NEPTUNIAN POPULATIONS: CONSTRAINTS FROM THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM ORIGINS SURVEY
Authors: Volk Kathryn , Murray-Clay Ruth , Gladman Brett , Lawler Samantha , Bannister Michele T. , Kavelaars J. J. , Petit Jean-Marc , Gwyn Stephen , Alexandersen Mike , Chen Ying-Tung , Lykawka Patryk Sofia , Ip Wing , Lin Hsing Wen 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The first two observational sky “blocks” of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) have significantly increased the number of well characterized observed trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in Neptune's mean motion resonances. We describe the 31 securely resonant TNOs detected by OSSOS so far, and we use them to independently verify the resonant population models from the Canada–France Ecliptic Plane Survey (CFEPS), with which we find broad agreement. We confirm that the 5:2 resonance is more populated than models of the outer solar system's dynamical history predict; our minimum population estimate shows that the high-eccentricity (e > 0.35) portion of the resonance is at least as populous as the 2:1 and possibly as populated as the 3:2 resonance. One OSSOS block was well suited for detecting objects trapped at low libration amplitudes in Neptune's 3:2 resonance, a population of interest in testing the origins of resonant TNOs. We detected three 3:2 objects with libration amplitudes below the cutoff modeled by CFEPS; OSSOS thus offers new constraints on this distribution. The OSSOS detections confirm that the 2:1 resonance has a dynamically colder inclination distribution than either the 3:2 or 5:2 resonances. Using the combined OSSOS and CFEPS 2:1 detections, we constrain the fraction of 2:1 objects in the symmetric mode of libration to 0.2–0.85; we also constrain the fraction of asymmetric librators in the leading island, which has been theoretically predicted to vary depending on Neptune's migration history, to be 0.05–0.8. Future OSSOS blocks will improve these constraints.
EFFECTIVE HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS OF AMMONIA
Authors: Augustovičová L. , Soldán P. , Špirko V. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The hyperfine structure of the rotation-inversion (v
2 = 0+, 0−, 1+, 1−) states of the 14NH3 and 15NH3 ammonia isotopomers is rationalized in terms of effective (ro-inversional) hyperfine-structure (hfs) functions. These are determined by fitting to available experimental data using the Hougen’s effective hyperfine-structure Hamiltonian within the framework of the non-rigid inverter theory. Involving only a moderate number of mass independent fitting parameters, the fitted hfs functions provide a fairly close reproduction of a large majority of available experimental data, thus evidencing adequacy of these functions for reliable prediction. In future experiments, this may help us derive spectroscopic constants of observed inversion and rotation-inversion transitions deperturbed from hyperfine effects. The deperturbed band centers of ammonia come to the forefront of fundamental physics especially as the probes of a variable proton-to-electron mass ratio.
REVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE GAMMA-RAY LOUD NARROW-LINE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY 1H 0323+342
Authors: Wang Fang , Du Pu , Hu Chen , Bai Jin-Ming , Wang Chuan-Jun , Yi Wei-Min , Wang Jian-Guo , Zhang Ju-Jia , Xin Yu-Xin , Lun Bao-Li , Chang Liang , Fan Yu-Feng 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, 1H 0323+342 has attracted a lot of attention as one of several narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies detected in the γ-ray band. To understand their central energy engines and jet phenomena, the black hole mass is important. We made use of the Lijiang 2.4 m Telescope to monitor 1H 0323+342 for more than two months. This galaxy is one of the candidates for a monitoring project of super-Eddington accreting massive black holes. The reverberation mapping shows that Hβ emission has a delayed response of

days with respect to the SDSS g′ light curve in the rest frame. The optical Fe ii variations were detected after subtracting host contaminations, and a reverberation with a delay of

days was found in the rest frame. By assuming the viral factor f
BLR = 6.17 for the broad-line region (BLR) velocity characterized by FWHM because of the face-on orientation, we find that the black hole mass derived from Hβ is

, and the accretion rate is

, where

,

is the mass accretion rate, L
Edd is the Eddington luminosity, and c is the speed of light. This black hole is one order less massive than that given by the Magorrian relation from the bulge mass. We test the relation between accretion rates and radio-loudnesses in all mapped radio-loud active galactic nuclei, and find that 1H 0323+342 falls within this group.
TEMPERATURE SPECTRA OF INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAINS HEATED BY COSMIC RAYS. I. TRANSLUCENT CLOUDS
Authors: Kalvāns Juris 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Heating of whole interstellar dust grains by cosmic-ray (CR) particles affects the gas–grain chemistry in molecular clouds by promoting molecule desorption, diffusion, and chemical reactions on grain surfaces. The frequency of such heating, f

T
, s−1, determines how often a certain temperature T
CR, K, is reached for grains hit by CR particles. This study aims to provide astrochemists with a comprehensive and updated data set on CR-induced whole-grain heating. We present calculations of f

T
and T
CR spectra for bare olivine grains with radius a of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μm and such grains covered with ice mantles of thickness 0.1a and 0.3a. Grain shape and structure effects are considered, as well as 30 CR elemental constituents with an updated energy spectrum corresponding to a translucent cloud with A

V
= 2 mag. Energy deposition by CRs in grain material was calculated with the srim program. We report full T
CR spectra for all nine grain types and consider initial grain temperatures of 10 K and 20 K. We also provide frequencies for a range of minimum T
CR values. The calculated data set can be simply and flexibly implemented in astrochemical models. The results show that, in the case of translucent clouds, the currently adopted rate for heating of whole grains to temperatures in excess of 70 K is underestimated by approximately two orders of magnitude in astrochemical numerical simulations. Additionally, grains are heated by CRs to modest temperatures (20–30 K) with intervals of a few years, which reduces the possibility of ice chemical explosions.
GAS OF 96 PLANCK COLD CLUMPS IN THE SECOND QUADRANT
Authors: Zhang Tianwei , Wu Yuefang , Liu Tie , Meng Fanyi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Ninety-six Planck cold dust clumps in the second quadrant were mapped with 12CO (1–0), 13CO (1–0), and C18O (1–0) lines at the 13.7 m telescope of Purple Mountain Observatory. 12CO (1–0) and 13CO (1–0) emissions were detected for all 96 clumps, while C18O (1–0) emissions were detected in 81 of them. Fifteen clumps have more than one velocity component. In the 115 mapped velocity components, 225 cores were obtained. We found that 23.1% of the cores have non-Gaussian profiles. We acquired the V
lsr, FWHM, and T

A
of the lines. Distances, T
ex, velocity dispersions,

, and masses were also derived. Generally, turbulence may dominant the cores because

/

in almost all of the cores and Larson’s relationship is not apparent in our massive cores. Virial parameters are adopted to test the gravitational stability of cores and 51% of the cores are likely collapsing. The core mass function of the cores in the range 0–1 kpc suggests a low core-to-star conversional efficiency (0.62%). Only 14 of 225 cores (6.2%) have associated stellar objects at their centers, while the others are starless. The morphologies of clumps are mainly filamentary structures. Seven clumps may be located on an extension of the new spiral arm in the second quadrant while three are on the known outer arm.
EXPERIMENTAL ENERGY LEVELS AND PARTITION FUNCTION OF THE 12C2 MOLECULE
Authors: Furtenbacher Tibor , Szabó István , Császár Attila G. , Bernath Peter F. , Yurchenko Sergei N. , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The carbon dimer, the 12C2 molecule, is ubiquitous in astronomical environments. Experimental-quality rovibronic energy levels are reported for 12C2, based on rovibronic transitions measured for and among its singlet, triplet, and quintet electronic states, reported in 42 publications. The determination utilizes the Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels (MARVEL) technique. The 23,343 transitions measured experimentally and validated within this study determine 5699 rovibronic energy levels, 1325, 4309, and 65 levels for the singlet, triplet, and quintet states investigated, respectively. The MARVEL analysis provides rovibronic energies for six singlet, six triplet, and two quintet electronic states. For example, the lowest measurable energy level of the

state, corresponding to the J = 2 total angular momentum quantum number and the F
1 spin-multiplet component, is 603.817(5) cm−1. This well-determined energy difference should facilitate observations of singlet–triplet intercombination lines, which are thought to occur in the interstellar medium and comets. The large number of highly accurate and clearly labeled transitions that can be derived by combining MARVEL energy levels with computed temperature-dependent intensities should help a number of astrophysical observations as well as corresponding laboratory measurements. The experimental rovibronic energy levels, augmented, where needed, with ab initio variational ones based on empirically adjusted and spin–orbit coupled potential energy curves obtained using the Duo code, are used to obtain a highly accurate partition function, and related thermodynamic data, for 12C2 up to 4000 K.
PROPERTIES OF BLAZAR JETS DEFINED BY AN ECONOMY OF POWER
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Dermer Charles D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The absolute power of a relativistic black hole jet includes the power in the magnetic field, the leptons, the hadrons, and the radiated photons. A power analysis of a relativistic radio/γ-ray blazar jet leads to bifurcated leptonic synchrotron-Compton (LSC) and leptohadronic synchrotron (LHS) solutions that minimize the total jet power. Higher Doppler factors with increasing peak synchrotron frequency are implied in the LSC model. Strong magnetic fields

B

′

≳
100

G

are found for the LHS model with variability times

≲

10

3

s

, in accord with highly magnetized, reconnection-driven jet models. Proton synchrotron models of

≳
100

GeV

blazar radiation can have sub-Eddington absolute jet powers, but models of dominant GeV radiation in flat spectrum radio quasars require excessive power.
La théologie et la politique modernes : vue d’Afrique
Authors: Katchekpele Léonard Amossou 
Published: June 2016

Les pratiques politiques du christianisme interrogent autant la politique que la théologie dans la mesure où les modulations de l’une n’ont pu, historiquement, laisser l’autre sans aménagements. Quelle théologie pour quelle politique ? La réponse moderne à cette double interrogation fera ici l’objet d’un questionnement à partir de la façon dont l’Afrique, durant la colonisation et après, a accueilli, vit et force à reformuler ce désir moderne réciproque de christianisme et de politique.