bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial results from neoclassical tearing mode stabilization experiment in KSTAR high normalized beta plasmas
Authors: Park Y S , Woo M H , Sabbagh S A , Han H S , Park B H , Kang J S , Kim H S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Active stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) is critical for high beta plasma operation in the KSTAR tokamak. In recent device operation, an experiment was conducted to develop a m/n = 2/1 NTM stabilization in high normalized beta (β
N) plasmas having β
N > 3 by using electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). The experiment is designed to first demonstrate the direct mode stabilization effect of the device EC system by varying the ECCD deposition location around the mode rational surface to prepare for future NTM stabilization in KSTAR using feedback schemes. In the experiment, the toroidal magnetic field strength, B
T, is reduced to 1.5–1.6 T to create a highly localized ECCD profile on a large island width expected to produce a high stabilization effect. To align the ECCD with the mode, B
T is varied between discharges by keeping the EC wave injection angles fixed to move the current deposition location across the q = 2 mode rational surface in ∼1 cm steps along the plasma midplane. The result shows a prompt reduction of the mode amplitude by ∼60% with a partial recovery of the loss of stored energy when the ECCD with 0.7 MW power is applied promptly after the mode onset at B
T = 1.54 T. This abrupt reduction of the mode amplitude is significantly weaker or disappears in other discharges having slightly different B
T in which the ECCD is deposited a few centimeters away. This result indicates a direct interaction between the driven EC current and the radially localized island structure first observed in the device. The EC ray-tracing analysis using the TORAY code shows that the applied EC-driven current aligns with the mode rational surface when the mode amplitude is observed to decrease. The stability of the observed 2/1 NTM is examined by constructing the modified Rutherford equation (MRE). The calculated EC power requirement for complete mode stabilization by assuming perfect alignment of ECCD on the mode is 0.8–1.7 MW by considering the uncertainties in the equation. This MRE-computed mode stability agrees with the experiment. The result projects that the present KSTAR EC system can stabilize the 2/1 NTM disrupting high β
N plasmas, and provides the requirement of the mode-ECCD alignment for complete mode stabilization in future experiments in which an accurate alignment is planned to be made by feedback schemes being developed.
Accelerating quantum information transfer in a three-level system via a specified intermediate Hamiltonian
Authors: Huang Chun-Rong , Chen Ye-Hong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose a general approach to speed up quantum adiabatic processes for fast quantum information transfer in a three-level system. In the approach, by using an intermediate Hamiltonian which is assumed to be formed by the original Hamiltonian

H

0

(
t
)

and its counterdiabatic driving Hamiltonian

H
cd

(
t
)

with a simple linear relationship, we design exact dynamics following the eigenstates of the intermediate Hamiltonian to speed up the desired population processes. We apply the present approach to a three-level system to show that by suitably choosing the parameters, not only the population processes could be sped up, but also the existence of the undesired off-diagonal terms, the populations of the intermediate states, and even the shapes of the pulses would be controllable in the speeding up scheme.
A fractional-order improved FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron model
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Erturk Vedat Suat 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose a fractional-order improved FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neuron model in terms of a generalized Caputo fractional derivative. Following the existence of a unique solution for the proposed model, we derive the numerical solution using a recently proposed L1 predictor–corrector method. The given method is based on the L1-type discretization algorithm and the spline interpolation scheme. We perform the error and stability analyses for the given method. We perform graphical simulations demonstrating that the proposed FHN neuron model generates rich electrical activities of periodic spiking patterns, chaotic patterns, and quasi-periodic patterns. The motivation behind proposing a fractional-order improved FHN neuron model is that such a system can provide a more nuanced description of the process with better understanding and simulation of the neuronal responses by incorporating memory effects and non-local dynamics, which are inherent to many biological systems.
Four-wave mixing Bragg scattering for small frequency shift from silicon coupled microrings
Authors: Zhao 赵 Chang 畅 , Wu 吴 Chao 超 , Zhu 朱 Pingyu 枰谕 , Du 杜 Yuxing 昱星 , Wang 王 Yan 焱 , Yu 余 Miaomiao 苗苗 , Zhang 张 Kaikai 凯凯 , Xu 徐 Ping 平 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Frequency conversion is pivotal in nonlinear optics and quantum optics for manipulating and translating light signals across different wavelength regimes. Achieving frequency conversion between two light beams with a small frequency interval is a central challenge. In this work, we design a pair of coupled silicon microrings wherein coupled-induced mode-splitting exists to achieve a small frequency shift by the process of four-wave mixing Bragg scattering. As an example, the signal can be up or down converted to the idler which is 15.5 GHz spaced when two pumps align with another pair of split resonances. The results unveil the potential of coupled microring resonators for small interval frequency conversion in a high-fidelity, all-optical, and signal processing quantum frequency interface.
Phase transition in modified thermodynamics of Kerr-AdS black holes*
Authors: Liu 刘 Qin 琴 , Wu 吴 Xiaoning 小宁 , Zhang 张 Xiao 晓 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the critical phenomena of Kerr-AdS black holes under the modified first law of thermodynamics. Specifically, we considered modified black hole thermodynamics that exhibit a van der Waals-like phase structure. All critical exponents were calculated, and then, a swallowtail diagram of free energy was plotted. Comparing with existing results, the main difference is the correspondence between the thermal quantities of Kerr-AdS black holes and the van der Waals system. In a previous study [Y. D. Tsai, X. N. Wu, and Y. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 85 044005 (2012)], the correspondence was

, while in our study, the correspondence was

. This difference was owing to the rotating effect. The modified black hole thermodynamics were associated with rotating observers. The free energy in such a reference contains extra rotating energy, which induces a Legendre transformation in the

cross-section, causing the difference in correspondence.
Ship model-based route optimisation for decision support in deep sea shipping
Authors: Kisialiou Y , Rialland A , Gribkovskaia V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a new approach and route optimization methodology to support analysis and planning of vessel and fleet performance in deep sea shipping for green, energy efficient, and safe navigation. The developed methodology combines the ship technical characteristics based on a ship model developed for a particular vessel type and energy-saving technology options and an optimization algorithm taking into account weather conditions. Optimization involves two stages: graph construction and Dynamic Programming labelling algorithm implemented to solve the shortest path problem with variable speed. The new approach is implemented as part of a decision-support tool EcoRouter enabling the user to conduct analysis of safe and Pareto optimal solutions. Several applications to support real fleet planning and ship performance analysis have been identified including project engineering for future energy-saving ship technologies, for example, wind-assisted propulsion.
Steering towards sustainability: the impact of autonomous shipping on achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Tsvetkova Anastasia , Wróbel Krzysztof , Morariu Andrei-Raoul , Hellström Magnus , Björkqvist Jerker 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines the sustainability potential of Maritime Åutonomous Surface Ships (MÅSS) in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. By engaging various stakeholders through a poll and interviews, the research explores both the anticipated benefits and possible negative impacts of MÅSS, as well as the potential for failed promises of autonomous shipping. The findings highlight the need for incorporating sustainability considerations in further development of autonomous shipping to ensure it positively contributes to sustainable development.
A Probabilistic Approach to Correct for Oblique Biases in Sea Ice Parametrization from Shipborne Cameras
Authors: Veggeland Oskar G. , Kim Ekaterina , Skjetne Roger 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the perception bias caused by ice floes occluding open water regions behind them when analyzing sea ice from shipborne cameras. We propose a method to model this effect by predicting an occlusion probability for a given surface region based on a stochastic representation of the sea ice fields. We further show how the proposed framework can be used to design an unbiased estimator for image-based sea ice concentration by correcting for these occlusions. The occlusion model and proposed sea ice concentration estimator have been verified through simulated experiments. Results from the experiments showed that predictions from the occlusion model align with the simulated observations and that the proposed estimator remains unbiased for all environments tested. The contributions of this study can be used in algorithms for automated identification and characterization of ice environments from surface ships and are thus an essential step towards improved autonomy in Arctic navigation.
Impact of automation and zero-emission propulsion on design of small inland cargo vessels
Authors: Bačkalov Igor , Burmeister Hans-Christoph , Isidorović Ljubisav , Jasa Justin , Josipović Marko , Kloch Kristoffer , Koimtzoglou Alexandros , Krasilnikov Vladimir , Krause Stefan , Mateienko Denys , Nordahl Håvard , Reinach Nathalie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Small inland waterways offer considerable capacity for modal shift of cargo transport. Revitalization of smaller inland waterways, however, may require new vessel designs as most of the existing small vessels are outdated and incompatible with the present state of the technology development and the current commercial and regulatory requirements. This paper investigates the possibilities for modernization of small inland vessel designs and offers a systematic analysis of impact of “automation” and “zero-emission propulsion technology” on reference designs of standard European inland cargo vessels of CEMT classes I, II, III, and IV. The adopted level of automation enables the vessels to be remotely operated without human crew onboard, whereas the adopted zero-emission propulsion concept is based on electrification of the powertrain. The paper identifies the impacts of the modernization on general arrangement, cargo capacity, safety, structural design, etc. and indicates the vessel classes which could be the most promising candidates for the design of a future small autonomous inland ships.
Understanding Operation of Automated Inland Vessels using Process Diagrams
Authors: Kerkmann Thomas , Sai Krishna Illuri Mohan , Bačkalov Igor , Spachtholz Eva , Glomsda Marvin , Etienne Kracht Frédéric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The functional design of a vessel requires a comprehensive understanding of vessel operations. This understanding can be enhanced through the development of process diagrams. The research presented here emphasizes the importance of developing diagrams that represent detailed process flows and allow the identification of appropriate interfaces between them. On remotely controlled and automated vessels, a number of functions performed by human operators are taken over by systems, requiring a clear understanding of the processes and the instances at which the handover between human and system takes place. This paper presents process diagrams for conventional, remotely controlled, and autonomous inland vessels. Such process diagrams can be used as blueprints for integration of automated systems on inland vessels, because they reveal the process interruptions which occur when the human operators are removed from the vessel.
Boredom, vigilance, and repetition during remote control room work for autonomous ships
Authors: Veitch Erik , Andreas Alsos Ole 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Remote Operating Centers (ROCs) enable human oversight of remotely operated and autonomous ships. However, the “human-in-the-loop” model of automated control oversight implies prolonged periods of inactivity punctuated by safety-critical action. This paper investigates the extent to which this role is aligned with humans’ innate attentional resources in terms of boredom, vigilance, and repetition. Method: A simulator study was completed with ROC operators (volunteer participants with relevant expertise). One group completed a short scenario (5 minutes; N = 16); the other completed a long scenario (30 minutes; N = 16). The duration marked the onset of a stimulus (an alarm), prompting manual takeover. In a mixed method approach, four sources of data were collected, consisting of pupillometry, questionnaire, interview, and video data. Results: Pupillometry data showed larger pupillary constrictions in the 30-minute group, indicative of decreased cognitive activity (effect size 0.25 mm). The questionnaire showed that operators in the 30-minute scenario were more likely to experience their tasks as unchallenging, understimulating, and lacking in meaning. Finally, a relationship was found between repetitive content and varying perceptions of time duration. Moreover, operators perceived scenarios as longer when they detected an “oddball” in the repetitive series (a gorilla passenger). Conclusion: ROC work as currently imagined is prone to boredom, vigilance decrement, and suppression of repetition. The study adds to the empirical research about boredom and its associated cognitive states in control room work. The study also contributes to design considerations impacting safety and organizational aspects like operator training and retention.
Perform assessment of COLREGs onboard a maritime autonomous surface ship: Narrow Channels and Traffic Separation Schemes
Authors: Koch Paul , Constapel Manfred , Burmeister Hans-Christoph 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The usage of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in coastal and heavily used maritime environments necessitates advanced navigation systems capable of fully complying with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 and not only open sea encounters. A significant challenge in this domain is enabling autonomous vessels to understand and navigate complex collision avoidance scenarios dictated by Rule 9 Narrow Channels and Rule 10 Traffic Separation Schemes. These rules are not well covered by research and only partial solutions have been proposed. To address this, we propose a ruleset for a system that can blend the traffic situation and geometric constraints extracted from Electronic Navigational Charts in S-57 format. The proposed ruleset extends our previous work on operationalization of COLREGs by introducing spatial features describing the maritime geometries relevant for traffic situations in Narrow Channels and Traffic Separation Schemes. We apply the ruleset to various traffic situations, showing how the inclusion of geometric context improves decision-making by reducing ambiguity and therefore enables the assessment of traffic situations and ship encounters in the vicinity of Narrow Channels and Traffic Separation Schemes. Our work outlines how the integration of spatial features into a rule-based system enables autonomous navigation capabilities of MASS for safe operations and compliance with maritime regulations.
Risk Assessment for Inland Vessels with Various Levels of Automation: a Hazard Identification Study
Authors: Spachtholz Eva , Glomsda Marvin , Sai Krishna Illuri Mohan , Kerkmann Thomas , Bačkalov Igor , Etienne Kracht Frédéric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The future viability of inland navigation is closely linked to the automation of inland vessels. This will make their use more attractive and efficient. Potential solutions for automation in the scope of this paper include remotely controlled inland vessels that do not require a boatmaster to be on board but are controlled from shore. The implementation of such new technologies involves unknown risks. It is therefore necessary to assess the safety and classify the risks associated with inland vessels of varying degrees of automation. To identify these risks, a Hazard Identification (HAZID) study has been conducted. The outcomes of the study may serve as a basis for adapting regulations and introducing novel technologies, which would facilitate increased automation of inland navigation
Comparison of methods for using risk information in path planning for autonomous surface vessels
Authors: Kristensen Susanna D. , Skjetne Roger , Utne Ingrid B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Path planning is an essential part of autonomous surface vessel (ASV) operations. Risk models can be used to give estimates of risk related to the operation of technical systems, such as ASVs. Combining risk models directly with control systems can be a way to make autonomous systems more capable of assessing and evaluating risk, and in this way allow them to make better decisions. Focusing on path planning, this study aims at investigating how an online risk model used to inform an ASV of risk compares to a static safety domain. The results show that the paths selected when using the risk model can consider different environmental conditions, and the choice of path can be adapted based on how conservative the ASV should be with respect to risk. In this way the risk model provides a more detailed basis for making decisions than the static safety domain.
Modular assurance of an Autonomous Ferry using Contract-Based Design and Simulation-based Verification Principles
Authors: Arne Glomsrud Jon , Kemna Stephanie , Vasanthan Chanjei , Zhao Luman , McGeorge Dag , Arne Pedersen Tom , Rye Torben Tobias , Rokseth Børge , Trong Nguyen Dong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the introduction of autonomous technology into our society, e.g. autonomous shipping, it is important to assess and assure the safety of autonomous systems in a real-world context. Simulation-based testing is a common approach to attempt to verify performance of autonomous systems, but assurance also requires formal evidence. This paper introduces the Assurance of Digital Assets (ADA) framework, a structured method for the assurance of digital assets, i.e. novel, complex, or intelligent systems enabled by digital technologies, using contract-based design. Results are shown for an autonomous ferry assurance case, focusing on collision avoidance during the ferry’s transit. Further, we discuss the role of simulation-based testing in verifying compliance to contract specifications, to build the necessary evidence for an assurance case.
Gap analysis and harmonization of International Standards for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
Authors: Jin Seungje , Lee Kwangil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the challenges and solutions associated with the implementation of autonomous ships, focusing on the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) Code developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). With the goal of adopting a mandatory goal-based MASS Code by 2030, this study examines the interoperability and standardization requirements necessary for the effective global operation of autonomous ships. The paper analyses the MASS Code in relation to existing international standards, identifies gaps, and proposes standards works to accommodate the emerging technologies. Additionally, it investigate on the application of Autonomous Navigation Systems (ANS) and introduces the concepts of Shore ANS and Shore Bridge to enhance remote control capabilities. The analysis emphasizes the need for comprehensive standardization to ensure the safe and efficient operation of autonomous ships in diverse maritime environments.
Seismic Impedance Inversion Based on Improved Cycle-WGAN
Authors: Huang Wenlu , Pranto Mizanur , Yan Jianguo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The application of deep learning methods for seismic impedance inversion usually requires a large amount of labeled data to train the network, while labeled data available in practical applications is often limited, which affects the effectiveness of the relevant methods. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes one kind of deep learning method of a closed-loop cycle Wasserstein generative adversarial network (Cycle-WGAN) for seismic impedance inversion based on the combination of “data-driven and model-driven”. The method uses a small amount of labeled data and unlabeled seismic data generated by the forward modeling. It constitutes a bidirectional cycle of inversion and forward modeling through the generative and adversary networks for the inversion and generative and adversary networks for the forward modeling by convolution model, which improves the conventional GAN networks. The proposed method also introduces the Wasserstein loss function to improve the neural network’s training stability. Tested on the Marmousi model with complex structure, the proposed Cycle-WGAN network can effectively obtain the seismic impedance inversion results. Moreover, it is highly robust when seismic data are noisy and has higher accuracy than the inversion results from some conventional neural networks, such as RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), TCN (Temporal Convolutional Network, WGAN (Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network), etc.
Evaluation of the design of an economic solar cooker applying FMEA to reduce risks and improve its reliability
Authors: Espinoza Ciro , Coronel Edgar , Custodio Maria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research seeks to contribute to reducing greenhouse gases caused by burning wood and fossil fuels with stoves. The use of solar cookers is minimal, one of the causes being their low efficiency. The objective was to reduce the risk of low efficiency of the solar cooker in the design stage, applying the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify the actions to be taken during the design seeking to reduce the Risk Priority Number during the optimization stage. The essential element of the solar cooker is the reflector, its improvement consisted of configuring it as a truncated cone with a parabola inscribed, whose focus coincides with the centroid of the absorber (pot), managing to reduce its risk priority number from 280 to 20.
Exploring the potential of Typha Populations for biorefineries: Opportunities in Peru
Authors: Carhuancho FM , Ramírez-Candia J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Typha species have been used for energy crops in constructed wastewater. They have a great capacity to bioremediate eutrophic waters and produce biomass. Typha represents a potential source for biobased materials, solid biomass, or cellulosic bioethanol for circular bioeconomy. The objective of this paper is to present current knowledge regarding the critical characteristics of the Typha and identify promising applications and potential for its use in Peru. Results of this work show that all plant fractions of Typha biomass (leaves and shoots, roots, and rhizomes) have a high potential for biorefinery.