bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye position effects on the remapped memory trace of visual motion in cortical area MST
Authors: Inaba Naoko , Kawano Kenji 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAfter a saccade, most MST neurons respond to moving visual stimuli that had existed in their post-saccadic receptive fields and turned off before the saccade (“trans-saccadic memory remapping”). Neuronal responses in higher visual processing areas are known to be modulated in relation to gaze angle to represent image location in spatiotopic coordinates. In the present study, we investigated the eye position effects after saccades and found that the gaze angle modulated the visual sensitivity of MST neurons after saccades both to the actually existing visual stimuli and to the visual memory traces remapped by the saccades. We suggest that two mechanisms, trans-saccadic memory remapping and gaze modulation, work cooperatively in individual MST neurons to represent a continuous visual world.
Direct observation of negative-index microwave surface waves
Authors: Dockrey J. A. , Horsley S. A. R. , Hooper I. R. , Sambles J. R. , Hibbins A. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWaves propagating in a negative-index material have wave-front propagation (wavevector,k) opposite in direction to that of energy flow (Poynting vector,S). Here we present an experimental realisation at microwave frequencies of an analogous surface wave phenomenon whereby a metasurface supports a surface mode that has two possible wavevector eigenstates within a narrow band of frequencies: one that supports surface waves with positive mode index and another that supports surface waves with negative mode index. Phase sensitive measurements of the near-field of surface waves across the metasurface show the contrasting spatial evolution of the two eigenstates, providing a unique opportunity to directly observe the negative-index phenomenon.
Protective effects of fenofibrate against acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in mice
Authors: Zhu Qiankun , He Guizhen , Wang Jie , Wang Yukang , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate whether pretreatment with fenofibrate could mitigate acute lung injury (ALI) in a mice model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 6): sham, intestinal I/R + vehicle, and intestinal I/R + fenofibrate. Intestinal I/R was achieved by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Fenofibrate (100 mg/kg) or equal volume of vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 60 minutes before the ischemia. At the end of experiment, measurement of pathohistological score, inflammatory mediators and other markers were performed. In addition, a 24-hour survival experiment was conducted in intestinal I/R mice treated with fenofibrate or vehicle. The chief results were as anticipated. Pathohistological evaluation indicated that fenofibrate ameliorated the local intestine damage and distant lung injury. Pretreatment with fenofibrate significantly decreased inflammatory factors in both the intestine and the lung. Consistently, renal creatine levels and hepatic ALT levels were significantly decreased in the fenofibrate group. Moreover, serum systemic inflammatory response indicators were significantly alleviated in the fenofibrate group. In addition, fenofibrate administration significantly improved the survival rate. Collectively, our data indicated that pretreatment with fenofibrate prior to ischemia attenuated intestinal I/R injury and ALI.
A novel low-power laser-mediated transfer of foreign molecules into cells
Authors: Yumura Shigehiko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEfficiently introducing molecules such as chemical drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids into cells is a central technique in cell and molecular biology, gene therapy and regenerative medicine. The cell membrane is a critical barrier for this purpose. While many approaches exist, some of which are applicable to single cells that researchers specify under microscopy, no reliable and efficient technique has been invented. In this study, cells were cultured on a coverslip that had been coated with carbon by vapor deposition and a laser beam was focused on a small local spot beneath a single cell under microscopy. The absorbed energy of the laser beam by the carbon made a pore only in the cell membrane that was attached to the carbon coat, which resulted in an efficient introduction. An inexpensive and lower-power laser could be used for this method and the introduction efficiency was 100% without any loss of cell viability. This new technique will provide a powerful tool not only to research but also to many applied fields.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Behavior of Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II) metal-organic framework and its application in selective sensing hexavalent chromium
Authors: Ma Hongmin , Li Xiaojian , Yan Tao , Li Yan , Liu Haiyang , Zhang Yong , Wu Dan , Du Bin , Wei Qin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II)-β-cyclodextrin (Pb-β-CD) metal-organic framework for detecting hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was developed. Pb-β-CD shows excellent ECL behavior and unexpected reducing ability towards Au ions. Au nanoparticles could massively form on the surface of Pb-β-CD (Au@Pb-β-CD) without use of any additional reducing agent. In the presence of coreactant K2S2O8, the ECL emission of Pb-β-CD was enhanced by the formation of Au nanoparticles. Cr(VI) can collisionally quench the ECL behavior of Au@Pb-β-CD/S2O82− system and the detection mechanism was investigated. This ECL sensor is found to have a linear response in the range of 0.01–100 μM and a low detection limit of 3.43 nM (S/N = 3) under the optimal conditions. These results suggest that metal-organic framework Au@Pb-β-CD has great potential in extending the application in the ECL field as an efficient luminophore.
Karrikins delay soybean seed germination by mediating abscisic acid and gibberellin biogenesis under shaded conditions
Authors: Meng Yongjie , Chen Feng , Shuai Haiwei , Luo Xiaofeng , Ding Jun , Tang Shengwen , Xu Shuanshuan , Liu Jianwei , Liu Weiguo , Du Junbo , Liu Jiang , Yang Feng , Sun Xin , Yong Taiwen , Wang Xiaochun , Feng Yuqi , Shu Kai , Yang Wenyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKarrikins (KAR) are a class of signal compounds, discovered in wildfire smoke, which affect seed germination. Currently, numerous studies have focused on the model plant Arabidopsis in the KAR research field, rather than on crops. Thus the regulatory mechanisms underlying KAR regulation of crop seed germination are largely unknown. Here, we report that KAR delayed soybean seed germination through enhancing abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, while impairing gibberellin (GA) biogenesis. Interestingly, KAR only retarded soybean seed germination under shaded conditions, rather than under dark and white light conditions, which differs from in Arabidopsis. Phytohormone quantification showed that KAR enhanced ABA biogenesis while impairing GA biosynthesis during the seed imbibition process, and subsequently, the ratio of active GA4to ABA was significantly reduced. Further qRT-PCR analysis showed that the transcription pattern of genes involved in ABA and GA metabolic pathways are consistent with the hormonal measurements. Finally, fluridone, an ABA biogenesis inhibitor, remarkably rescued the delayed-germination phenotype of KAR-treatment; and paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, inhibited soybean seed germination. Taken together, these evidences suggest that KAR inhibit soybean seed germination by mediating the ratio between GA and ABA biogenesis.
Hypersensitive Transport in Photonic Crystals with Accidental Spatial Degeneracies
Authors: Makri Eleana , Smith Kyle , Chabanov Andrey , Vitebskiy Ilya , Kottos Tsampikos 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA localized mode in a photonic layered structure can develop nodal points (nodal planes), where the oscillating electric field is negligible. Placing a thin metallic layer at such a nodal point results in the phenomenon of induced transmission. Here we demonstrate that if the nodal point is not a point of symmetry, then even a tiny alteration of the permittivity in the vicinity of the metallic layer drastically suppresses the localized mode along with the resonant transmission. This renders the layered structure highly reflective within a broad frequency range. Applications of this hypersensitive transport for optical and microwave limiting and switching are discussed.
Nimbolide, a neem limonoid inhibits Phosphatidyl Inositol-3 Kinase to activate Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in a hamster model of oral oncogenesis
Authors: Sophia Josephraj , Kiran Kishore T. Kranthi , Kowshik Jaganathan , Mishra Rajakishore , Nagini Siddavaram 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine kinase is frequently inactivated by the oncogenic signalling kinases PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK in diverse malignancies. The present study was designed to investigate GSK-3β signalling circuits in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model and the therapeutic potential of the neem limonoid nimbolide. Inactivation of GSK-3β by phosphorylation at serine 9 and activation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK and β-catenin was associated with increased cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion during stepwise evolution of HBP carcinomas. Administration of nimbolide inhibited PI3K/Akt signalling with consequent activation of GSK-3β thereby inducing trafficking of β-catenin away from the nucleus and enhancing the expression of miR-126 and let-7. Molecular docking studies confirmed interaction of nimbolide with PI3K, Akt, ERK and GSK-3β. Furthermore, nimbolide attenuated cell proliferation and induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased p-cyclin D1Thr286 and pro-apoptotic proteins. The present study has unravelled aberrant phosphorylation as a key determinant for oncogenic signalling and acquisition of cancer hallmarks in the HBP model. The study has also provided mechanistic insights into the chemotherapeutic potential of nimbolide that may be a useful addition to the armamentarium of natural compounds targeting PI3K for oral cancer treatment.
Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment
Authors: Mengel Matthias , Levermann Anders , Frieler Katja , Robinson Alexander , Marzeion Ben , Winkelmann Ricarda 
Published: February 2016

SignificanceAnthropogenic sea level rise poses challenges to coastal areas worldwide, and robust projections are needed to assess mitigation options and guide adaptation measures. Here we present an approach that combines information about the equilibrium sea level response to global warming and last century's observed contribution from the individual components to constrain projections for this century. This “constrained extrapolation” overcomes limitations of earlier global semiempirical estimates because long-term changes in the partitioning of total sea level rise are accounted for. While applying semiempirical methodology, our method yields sea level projections that overlap with the process-based estimates of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The method can thus lead to a better understanding of the gap between process-based and global semiempirical approaches.
ER stress stimulates production of the key antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin, by forming a previously unidentified intracellular S1P signaling complex
Authors: Park Kyungho , Ikushiro Hiroko , Seo Ho Seong , Shin Kyong-Oh , Kim Young il , Kim Jong Youl , Lee Yong-Moon , Yano Takato , Holleran Walter M. , Elias Peter , Uchida Yoshikazu 
Published: February 2016

Significance
The cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an innate immune element that promotes antimicrobial defense, but excessive CAMP can stimulate inflammation and tumorigenesis. We recently discovered that external perturbations that induce subtoxic levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress increase sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, in turn activating NF-κB–mediated CAMP synthesis. We report here that S1P interacts with the heat shock proteins (HSP90α and GRP94) through a previously unidentified S1P receptor-independent intracellular mechanism, followed by the activation of NF-κB leading to stimulation of CAMP production. These studies illuminate the critical role of both ER stress and S1P in orchestrating stress-specific signals that enhance innate immunity.
Parallel computation with molecular-motor-propelled agents in nanofabricated networks
Authors: Nicolau Dan V. , Lard Mercy , Korten Till , van Delft Falco C. M. J. M. , Persson Malin , Bengtsson Elina , Månsson Alf , Diez Stefan , Linke Heiner , Nicolau Dan V. 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Electronic computers are extremely powerful at performing a high number of operations at very high speeds, sequentially. However, they struggle with combinatorial tasks that can be solved faster if many operations are performed in parallel. Here, we present proof-of-concept of a parallel computer by solving the specific instance {2, 5, 9} of a classical nondeterministic-polynomial-time complete (“NP-complete”) problem, the subset sum problem. The computer consists of a specifically designed, nanostructured network explored by a large number of molecular-motor-driven, protein filaments. This system is highly energy efficient, thus avoiding the heating issues limiting electronic computers. We discuss the technical advances necessary to solve larger combinatorial problems than existing computation devices, potentially leading to a new way to tackle difficult mathematical problems.
Shame closely tracks the threat of devaluation by others, even across cultures
Authors: Sznycer Daniel , Tooby John , Cosmides Leda , Porat Roni , Shalvi Shaul , Halperin Eran 
Published: February 2016

SignificanceProminent theories of shame hold that shame is inherently maladaptive. However, direct tests of the fit between shame and its probable target domain have not previously been conducted. Here we test the alternative hypothesis that shame, although unpleasant (like pain), serves the adaptive function of defending against the social devaluation that results when negative information reaches others—by deterring actions that would lead to more devaluation than benefits, for example. If so, the intensity of shame people feel regarding a given item of negative information should track the devaluation that would happen if that item became known. Indeed, the data indicate a close match between shame intensities and audience devaluation, which suggests that shame is an adaptation.
Clocking the social mind by identifying mental processes in the IAT with electrical neuroimaging
Authors: Schiller Bastian , Gianotti Lorena R. R. , Baumgartner Thomas , Nash Kyle , Koenig Thomas , Knoch Daria 
Published: February 2016

Significance
What a person says is not necessarily an accurate representation of what she thinks. Implicit attitudes permeate every aspect of our life. The implicit association test (IAT)—the most well-known test of implicit attitudes—is a reaction time measure. So far, the fundamental question about the source of its reaction time differences, i.e., the IAT effect, has remained unanswered. For the first time to our knowledge in IAT research, we applied a sophisticated electrical neuroimaging approach—the microstate approach. Superior to other approaches, the microstate approach allowed us to identify and time the entire chain of mental processes as they unfolded during the IAT. We found that reaction time differences are due to quantitative and not qualitative differences in the underlying mental processes.
Interaction of TAPBPR, a tapasin homolog, with MHC-I molecules promotes peptide editing
Authors: Morozov Giora I. , Zhao Huaying , Mage Michael G. , Boyd Lisa F. , Jiang Jiansheng , Dolan Michael A. , Venna Ramesh , Norcross Michael A. , McMurtrey Curtis P. , Hildebrand William , Schuck Peter , Natarajan Kannan , Margulies David H. 
Published: February 2016

SignificanceThis report explores the biochemical and structural basis of the interactions of TAP binding protein, related (TAPBPR), a tapasin homolog, with MHC-I molecules. TAPBPR associates with MHC-I molecules early in their biosynthesis and folding but is not part of the peptide-loading complex (PLC). Here, by examining the interactions of recombinant TAPBPR with peptide-free and peptide-complexed MHC-I molecules, we show that TAPBPR serves as a peptide editor. Structural comparison of TAPBPR with tapasin indicates the similarities of the two molecules and provides a basis for evaluating the steps of peptide loading. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of peptide loading of MHC-I by TAPBPR and tapasin has wide-ranging influence on our ability to modulate peptide loading for vaccine design and T-cell recognition.
CXCL13 is a plasma biomarker of germinal center activity
Authors: Havenar-Daughton Colin , Lindqvist Madelene , Heit Antje , Wu Jennifer E. , Reiss Samantha M. , Kendric Kayla , Bélanger Simon , Kasturi Sudhir Pai , Landais Elise , Akondy Rama S. , McGuire Helen M. , Bothwell Marcella , Vagefi Parsia A. , Scully Eileen ,   IAVI Protocol C Principal Investigators, Tomaras Georgia D. , Davis Mark M. , Poignard Pascal , Ahmed Rafi , Walker Bruce D. , Pulendran Bali , McElrath M. Juliana , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Crotty Shane , Price Matt A. , Gilmour Jill , Fast Pat , Kamali Anatoli , Sanders Eduard J. , Onzala Omu , Allen Susan , Hunter Eric , Karita Etienne , Kilembe William , Lakhi Shabir , Inambao Mubiana 
Published: February 2016

Significance
A major challenge for vaccine science is that there is no way to measure germinal center activity in humans. This challenge is particularly acute for human clinical trials of candidate vaccines (and most nonhuman primate studies of candidate vaccines), because germinal centers are the engines of Ab affinity maturation, and generation of highly affinity-matured Ab responses is the goal of all Ab-eliciting vaccines. Here, we report that we have identified the chemokine CXCL13 [chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13] as a biomarker of germinal center activity. We show explicit relationships between plasma CXCL13 concentrations and germinal center frequencies in lymph nodes in a series of different conditions, including licensed and experimental vaccines, and in humans, nonhuman primates, and mice.
Dynamics of Communicator and Audience Power: The Persuasiveness of Competence versus Warmth
Authors: Dubois David , Rucker Derek D. , Galinsky Adam D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The current research offers a new theoretical perspective on the relationship between power and persuasion. An agentic-communal model of power is presented that proposes power affects both the messages generated by communicators and the messages that persuade audiences. Compared to low-power states, high-power states produce a greater emphasis on information that conveys competence. As a consequence, high-power communicators generate messages with greater competence information, and high-power audiences are persuaded more by competence information. In contrast to high-power states, low-power states produce a greater emphasis on information that conveys warmth. As a result, low-power communicators generate messages with greater warmth information, and low-power audiences are persuaded more by warmth information. Because of these two outcomes, a power-matching effect occurs between communicator and audience power: high-power communicators are more effective in persuading high-power audience members, whereas low-power communicators are more effective in persuading low-power audience members. Four experiments find support for these effects in oral and written contexts with three distinct manipulations of power. Overall, these experiments demonstrate that the persuasiveness of messages can be affected by the alignment between the psychological sense of power of the communicator and the audience.
Detection of Vaccine-Induced Antibodies to Ebola Virus in Oral Fluid
Authors: Lambe Teresa , Rampling Tommy , Samuel Dhan , Bowyer Georgina , Ewer Katie J. , Venkatraman Navin , Edmans Matthew , Dicks Steve , Hill Adrian V. S. , Tedder Richard S. , Gilbert Sarah C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Blood sampling to assess production of antigen-specific antibodies after immunization is commonly performed, but it presents logistical difficulties for trials carried out during an infectious disease outbreak. In this study, we show that antibodies may be reliably detected in oral fluid collected in a minimally invasive manner without use of sharps.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02240875.
Pain is Associated With Poorer Grades, Reduced Emotional Well-Being, and Attention Problems in Adolescents
Authors: Voerman Jessica S. , de Klerk Cora , Vander Heyden Karin M. , Passchier Jan , Idema Wietske , Timman Reinier , Jolles Jelle 
Published: February 2016

Objectives:
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether pain is associated with specific aspects of academic performance, that is, poorer grades, and with factors critical to an adolescent’s academic performance, that is, decreased emotional well-being and attention problems. We hypothesized that the association between pain and school grades is mediated by emotional well-being and attention problems.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, we collected data from 2215 pupils, ages 12 to 13 years. Pain (no, occasional, and frequent), emotional well-being, and attention problems were measured with self-rating scales. Dutch, English, and math grades were taken as an index of academic performance.

Results:
Frequent pain in adolescents was associated with poorer grades (Dutch P=0.02 and math P=0.01). Both occasional and frequent pain were associated with reduced emotional well-being (P<0.001) and reduced self-reported attention (P<0.001). However, the association between pain and lower grades disappeared when controlling for emotional well-being and attention.

Discussion:
The present study shows that the association between pain and Dutch adolescents grades is mediated by reduced emotional well-being and attention problems. The association between pain and math grades is mediated by emotional problems. The results suggest that an intervention targeted at pain in adolescents could have a positive effect on their emotional well-being, attention, and school performance.
A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chemali Mark E. , Eslick Guy D. 
Published: February 2016

Introduction:
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) aims to minimize the length of a negative physiological response to surgical intervention. There are a number of aspects involved in ERAS protocols, one of which is postoperative pain relief. This meta-analysis investigates the current evidence for postoperative pain relief and its effect on patient pain and the length of stay after colorectal surgery.

Method/Results:
Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies between January 1966 and February 2016. All randomized controlled trials comparing postoperative pain management strategies in an ERAS setting with the length of stay as an outcome measure were selected. In addition to the length of stay, other outcomes analyzed were pain scores at 24 hours postoperatively, nausea, vomiting, and the time to the first bowel motion.

Results:
There was a decrease in vomiting in the ERAS group compared with the control groups (relative risk=0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.27). Mean differences in the length of stay (P=0.879), pain visual analogue scales (P=0.120), the time to the first bowel motion in hours (P=0.371), and nausea (P=0.083) were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
In an ERAS setting with regard to a colorectal patient population, the choice of modality for postoperative pain relief does not impact the length of hospital stay, pain, the time to the first bowel motion, or nausea.