bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Control And Academic Performance In Engineering
Authors: Honken Nora , Ralston Patricia A , Tretter Thomas R. 
Published: December 2016

Self-control has been related to positive student outcomes including academic performance of college students. Because of the critical nature of the first semester academic performance for engineering students in terms of retention and persistence in pursuing an engineering degree, this study investigated the relationship between freshmen engineering students’ scores on the Brief Self-Control Scale and first semester GPA. To identify the unique explanatory contribution of self-control beyond incoming academic performance differences, the effect of ACT Composite scores was statistically removed from the sample of three cohorts of freshmen engineering students (n=1295 total). The results showed the measure of self-control explained on average 4.2% of the residual variability in first semester GPA, after accounting for the variability explained by ACT scores. Based on results of this study, self-control predicted between 27%-42% as much of the variance in first semester GPA as did ACT scores, a much-used high stakes measure frequently used for decisions such as program admittance or mathematics course placement. Thus self-control is a nontrivial predictor of academic performance. Based on post hoc analysis, relevant self-control behaviors might manifest themselves in time and study management since there was a significant correlation between self-control scores and scores on the MSLQ time and study management measure. These results have implications for both how much of an impact positive self-control may have on freshmen engineering academic performance, while also offering potential avenues to support students in bolstering aspects of this personality trait through a focus on strengthening time and study management skills.
Advantages of JAESE’s Open-Access Strategy
Authors: Slater Tim 
Published: December 2016

There has been considerable debate in recent years—some well informed and others not so well informed—about the advantages and disadvantages of publishing in online, open-access journals as compared to traditional, subscription-based, print journals. For many professional societies, traditional, subscription-based, page-charge funded, print journals have served as an important service that societies can enthusiastically provide to their members, as well as provide societies with a healthy stream of financial revenue. At the same time as providing revenue to run a society, society members have been able to provide important service to the broader professional community by publishing their own scholarship and conducting peer reviews of others’ research. By far, the majority of a journal’s cost has been born by libraries paying hefty subscription fees.
Start-Ed: A Model for Commercial Clinical Legal Education
Authors: Collins David , Klotz Eric , Robinson Ben 
Published: December 2016

This article outlines a pro bono student law clinic project focusing on providing legal assistance to startup businesses in central London. Serving more than 500 clients over this period, the clinic adapted to a number of problems by modifying its format with an emphasis on flexibility and informality. Additionally, the clinic implemented a survey in order to streamline the delivery of its advice. Data was collected from over 460 startups over a two year period between 2013 and 2015 regarding the nature of their business as well as the type of legal challenges they faced. The study revealed the primary need for basic legal advice on a few select matters including most notably company structure. In addition to collecting data on startups in London, the clinic project is presented as both a model for successful clinical education and example of how the university sector can act to boost innovation and the entrepreneurial economy.
Trends in Walking and Cycling Safety: Recent Evidence From High-Income Countries, With a Focus on the United States and Germany
Authors: Buehler Ralph , Pucher John 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To examine changes in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities per capita (1990–2014) and per kilometer (2000–2010) in selected high-income countries, and in fatalities and serious injuries per kilometer by age in the United States and Germany (2001–2009). Methods. We used Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development data to estimate 5-year annual averages of per-capita fatalities relative to the 1990–1994 average. To control for exposure, we divided fatalities and serious injuries by kilometers of walking or cycling per year for countries with comparable data from national household travel surveys. Results. Most countries have reduced pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates per capita and per kilometer. The serious injuries data show smaller declines or even increases in rates per kilometer. There are large differences by age group in fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer, with seniors having the highest rates. The United States has much higher fatality and serious injury rates per kilometer than the other countries examined, and has made the least progress in reducing per-capita fatality rates. Conclusions. The United States must greatly improve walking and cycling conditions. All countries should focus safety programs on seniors and children.
Anabolic Steroid Misuse Among US Adolescent Boys: Disparities by Sexual Orientation and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Blashill Aaron J. , Calzo Jerel P. , Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To examine the prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse among US adolescent boys as a function of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Methods. We analyzed boys from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 6248; mean age = 16), a representative sample of US high school students. Lifetime prevalence of anabolic steroid misuse was dichotomized as never versus 1 or more times. Results. Sexual minority boys reported elevated misuse compared with heterosexual boys, within each level of race/ethnicity. Black, Hispanic, and White sexual minority boys reported misuse at approximately 25%, 20%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusions. Sexual orientation health disparities in anabolic steroid misuse disproportionally affect Black and Hispanic sexual minority adolescent boys, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving these disparities.
The Progress of US Hospitals in Addressing Community Health Needs
Authors: Cramer Geri Rosen , Singh Simone R. , Flaherty Stephen , Young Gary J. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To identify how US tax-exempt hospitals are progressing in regard to community health needs assessment (CHNA) implementation following the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Methods. We analyzed data on more than 1500 tax-exempt hospitals in 2013 to assess patterns in CHNA implementation and to determine whether a hospital’s institutional and community characteristics are associated with greater progress. Results. Our findings show wide variation among hospitals in CHNA implementation. Hospitals operating as part of a health system as well as hospitals participating in a Medicare accountable care organization showed greater progress in CHNA implementation whereas hospitals serving a greater proportion of uninsured showed less progress. We also found that hospitals reporting the highest level of CHNA implementation progress spent more on community health improvement. Conclusions. Hospitals widely embraced the regulations to perform a CHNA. Less is known about how hospitals are moving forward to improve population health through the implementation of programs to meet identified community needs.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Lethal Force by US Police, 2010–2014
Authors: Buehler James W. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To update previous examinations of racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police. Methods. I examined online national vital statistics data for deaths assigned an underlying cause of “legal intervention” (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, external-cause-of-injury codes Y35.0–Y35.7, excluding Y35.5 [legal execution]) for the 5-year period 2010 to 2014. Results. Death certificates identified 2285 legal intervention deaths (1.5 per million population per year) from 2010 to 2014. Among males aged 10 years or older, who represented 96% of these deaths, the mortality rate among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals was 2.8 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than that among White individuals. Conclusions. Substantial racial/ethnic disparities in legal intervention deaths remain an ongoing problem in the United States.
US Traffic Fatalities, 1985–2014, and Their Relationship to Medical Marijuana Laws
Authors: Santaella-Tenorio Julian , Mauro Christine M. , Wall Melanie M. , Kim June H. , Cerdá Magdalena , Keyes Katherine M. , Hasin Deborah S. , Galea Sandro , Martins Silvia S. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To determine the association of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) with traffic fatality rates. Methods. Using data from the 1985–2014 Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we examined the association between MMLs and traffic fatalities in multilevel regression models while controlling for contemporaneous secular trends. We examined this association separately for each state enacting MMLs. We also evaluated the association between marijuana dispensaries and traffic fatalities. Results. On average, MML states had lower traffic fatality rates than non-MML states. Medical marijuana laws were associated with immediate reductions in traffic fatalities in those aged 15 to 24 and 25 to 44 years, and with additional yearly gradual reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years. However, state-specific results showed that only 7 states experienced post-MML reductions. Dispensaries were also associated with traffic fatality reductions in those aged 25 to 44 years. Conclusions. Both MMLs and dispensaries were associated with reductions in traffic fatalities, especially among those aged 25 to 44 years. State-specific analysis showed heterogeneity of the MML–traffic fatalities association, suggesting moderation by other local factors. These findings could influence policy decisions on the enactment or repealing of MMLs and how they are implemented.
A Parceria Público-Privada no contexto da universalização do saneamento no Brasil
Authors: Leoneti Alexandre Bevilacqua , Santos Marcelo Elias dos , Costa André Lucirton , Oliveira Sonia Valle Walter Borges de 
Published: December 2016

<p>Nos últimos anos, o setor de saneamento tem recebido uma maior atenção governamental visando o equilíbrio e a universalização dos serviços. Todavia, neste novo cenário, um novo fator está impedindo a concretização da meta da universalização dos serviços de saneamento: a limitada capacidade de endividamento do setor público no país. Como meio para favorecer a participação do setor privado, o modelo conhecido como Parceria Público-Privada – PPP – tem sido adotado em outros países e recentemente foi inaugurado no Brasil, por meio de projeto de saneamento realizado pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social – BNDES – para financiar obras no sistema de saneamento de Rio Claro (SP). Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa pretendeu, por meio de uma abordagem exploratória, verificar como foi realizado o primeiro investimento em saneamento por meio da PPP e discutir a função estratégica deste mecanismo no processo de universalização do saneamento no Brasil. Todavia, com base no caso apresentado, as principais conclusões sugerem que a sustentabilidade dos agentes envolvidos deve ser garantida, no sentido de não permitir que interesses particulares sobreponham os públicos, ou <em>vice-versa</em>.</p>
POLÍTICAS DE SEGURANÇA URBANA E TOLERÂNCIA ZERO NA ITÁLIA
Authors: Ricotta Giuseppe 
Published: December 2016

<p>Assim como aconteceu em outros países ocidentais, na Itália também o tema da percepção da segurança e da conexa questão da segurança da parte dos cidadãos assumiu um papel central no debate público. A resposta que as instituições têm dado a esta pergunta, seja em termos retóricos ou práticos, se ressentiu dos efeitos da politização desta questão, desejável para a mídia e para os políticos, e sujeita a dinâmicas típicas do populismo. A especificidade italiana está no papel jogado nos últimos vinte anos dos entes locais, e em particular dos sindicatos, na construção do tema segurança urbana. Este último foi declinado seja em termos de programas de nova prevenção, e pelo melhoramento da qualidade de vida e do decoro urbano, seja em termos punitivos, com referimento ao slogan da “tolerância zero”. O ano de 2007, sob a onda de uma série de brutais delitos acontecidos em Roma, foi decisivo para o sucesso da segunda destas duas leituras, alarmista e emotiva, não de todo libertas de tons xenófobos. Justo nessa conjuntura se ampliou a dificuldade de um discurso autônomo e eficaz sobre segurança urbana, da parte do “centro-esquerda”.</p>
O GOLPE, O ATO, OS JURISTAS E O STF: UMA HISTÓRIA DA RECEPÇÃO DA DITADURA NO CAMPO JURÍDICO
Authors: Torres Mateus Gamba 
Published: December 2016

<p>Resumo: O golpe de estado de 1964 foi institucionalizado através de uma invenção legislativa denominada Ato Institucional. O primeiro foi decretado dias após o golpe alterando a Constituição, extinguindo garantias constitucionais e autorizando a perseguição de opositores. O presente artigo trabalha o modo como parte significativa do corpo jurídico brasileiro, como os Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal e juristas de renome aceitaram e se adaptaram como campo as inovações legislativas ditatoriais, ao mesmo tempo em que mantinham um discurso de imparcialidade perante questões políticas e de fieis aplicadores da lei.<em></em></p>
Hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia in pregnant women with bronchial asthma
Authors: Sablina Anna Vladimirovna , Kutusheva Galia Fettyakhovna , Lavrova Olga Voldemarovna 
Published: December 2016

The article describes extragenital diseases of the mother disrupts fetal development which can lead to disease or even death. It is noted that 70% of pregnant women have chronic somatic pathology, exacerbation of various diseases – asthma, anemia, pyelonephritis, and others are occurred in 76% during pregnancy. Bronchial asthma is not a contraindication to pregnancy, but the exacerbation of the disease during pregnancy, lack of proper control can lead to negative consequences for both the mother and the child. A number of studies, made by the authors, has shown that patients with severe or uncontrolled course of BA have a higher risk of a number of complications of pregnancy and childbirth. One of the most common complications of the second half of pregnancy was hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia.
Efeito da Proposta Cinesioterapêutica Educação Perineal Progressiva – E.P.P. na Função Dos Músculos do Assoalho Pélvico / Effect of a Kynesiotherapy Proposal: Progressive Perineal Education– P.P.E. in the Pelvic Floor Muscles Function
Authors: Oliveira Marilia Cavalli de , Da Roza Thuane , Santos Keyla Mara dos , Virtuoso Janeisa Franck , Luz Soraia Cristina Tonon da 
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: verificar o efeito das duas primeiras fases do protocolo de cinesioterapia E.P.P na função dos MAP, na sintomatologia da IU e na qualidade de vida de mulheres incontinentes usuárias, da rede pública de saúde. Materiais e Métodos: estudo piloto quasi-experimental. Sete participantes foram avaliadas por meio de questionário onde responderam questões relativas a situação de perda urinária, uso de absorventes e número de trocas desses por dia, bem como ao questionário de qualidade de vida King’s Health Questionnaire. A avaliação funcional dos MAP foi realizada de acordo com o esquema PERFECT. A aplicação do protocolo E.P.P. consistiu em 10 sessões de 1 hora e 30 minutos cada, semanalmente. Resultados: Após as duas primeiras etapas do protocolo E.P.P., houve melhora significativa na força de contração (p=0,034), na manutenção da contração (p=0,039) e no número de contrações rápidas (p=0,043) dos MAP. Adicionalmente, as mulheres relataram não perder mais urina nas situações de subir escadas, ginástica, dança e durante a relação sexual. Conclusão: as duas primeiras fases da proposta E.P.P. demonstraram efeitos positivos na função muscular dos MAP, e uma tendência na melhora dos sintomas das mulheres incontinentes.Palavras-chave: Incontinência Urinária; Fisioterapia; Assoalho Pélvico; Qualidade de VidaABSTRACTObjective: to verify the effect of the first two phases of the P.P.E kinesiotherapy in the PFM function, in the symptoms of UI and in the quality-of-life in incontinent women who are users of the Public Health Network. Materials and Methods: a quasi-experimental pilot study. Seven participants were evaluated through a questionnaire containing questions concerning the situation of urine leakage, absorbent usage and number of exchanges of these per day, as well as King's Health Questionnaire to assess the quality of life. The functional evaluation of PFM was carried out according to the PERFECT scheme. The P.P.E. protocol was applied in 10 sessions, once a week, with duration of 1 hour and 30 minutes each. Results: After the first two stages of P.P.E. protocol, there was significant improvement in contractile force (p = 0.034), in the maintenance of contraction (p = 0.039) and in the number of rapid contractions (p = 0.043) of the PFM. In addition, the women reported to maintain continent when climbing stairs, doing stronger physical exercise, dancing and during intercourse. Conclusion: the first two stages of the P.P.E protocol showed positive effects in PFM function, and an improving trend in the symptoms of incontinence.Keywords: Urinary Incontinence; Physiotherapy; Pelvic Floor; Quality of Life
Riesgos en la salud de agricultores por uso y manejo de plaguicidas, microcuenca “La Pila”
Authors: Jiménez Quintero Cristian Alexander , Pantoja Estrada Andrés Herlandi , Leonel Hugo Ferney 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: El corregimiento de Cabrera del municipio de Pasto, fundamenta su economía en el sector agropecuario, actividad que demanda el uso y manejo de variados productos químicos cuyo empleo conlleva riesgos para la salud. Objetivo: Identificar los principales riesgos a los cuales están expuestos los campesinos agricultores de la microcuenca “La Pila”, municipio de Pasto, por el uso y manejo inadecuado de plaguicidas en sus labores de producción. Materiales y métodos: Se comparó los resultados obtenidos en la simulación de la dispersión de plaguicidas a través del Software HYSPLIT libre y la evaluación de los riesgos por contacto inmediato identificados a través de criterios establecidos en la GTC45 de ICONTEC. Resultados: Se pudo determinar que el factor de riesgo al cual se encuentran sometidos los agricultores de la zona es de tipo químico; que la dispersión de dichos contaminantes alcanza una longitud máxima de dispersión de 250 m y que a pesar que los trabajadores conocen de la importancia de la implementación de Elementos de Protección Personal no los utilizan como barreras para atenuar e impedir la materialización de los peligros. Conclusiones: Los riesgos identificados son más latentes en los agricultores de la zona media y baja de la microcuenca.Abstract Introduction: The village of Cabrera, in the municipality of Pasto, bases its economy on agriculture, which requires the use and handling of various chemicals that can cause health risks. Objective: To identify the main risks to which farmers are exposed for the use and improper handling of pesticides in their production work in the watershed called "La Pila" in the municipality of Pasto. Materials and Methods: The results obtained in the simulation of the dispersion of pesticides through HYSPLIT free Software and the risk assessment for immediate contact identified through established criteria in GTC45 ICONTEC were compared. Results: It was determined that the risk factor to which farmers in the area are subjected to is of chemical type; besides, the dispersion of these pollutants reaches a maximum length of dispersion of 250 m- However, despite the fact that workers are aware of the importance of the implementation of Personal Protective Equipment, they do not use them as barriers to mitigate and prevent the realization of the dangers. Conclusions: The identified risks are latent in farmers of the middle and lower area of the watershed.
Características clínicas de los pacientes menores de 18 años con atrofia muscular espinal en Medellín, 2008 - 2013
Authors: Valencia Hernán Darío , Rendón Muñoz Jonathan , Pineda Nicolás , Ortiz Blair , Montoya Jorge Hernán , Cornejo José William 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: La atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es una enfermedad degenerativa que afecta las neuronas motoras del asta anterior de la médula espinal, se manifiesta por debilidad muscular progresiva de predominio proximal, hipotonía y arreflexia osteotendinosa, la etiología es una mutación en el gen de supervivencia neuronal SMN.
Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas de los pacientes menores de 18 años con atrofia muscular espinal en de Medellín, durante el período 2008-2013.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes con AME que consultaron en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación y un consultorio privado de neuropediatría en Medellín durante el período 2008-2013, en total se recopilaron datos de 29 pacientes, se revisaron las características clínicas, las ayudas diagnósticas practicadas y los tratamientos realizados.
Resultados: la AME tipo II resultó la forma clínica más frecuente (62%) seguida por la AME tipo I (24.13%), las principales manifestaciones fueron la hipotonía (100%) debilidad muscular (93.1%) y la arreflexia osteotendinosa (82.8%). Las fasciculaciones en la lengua se presentaron en el 48.3% de los pacientes. La prueba molecular fue realizada en 6 pacientes y en todos se encontró deleción del exón 7 del gen SMN1.
Conclusión: la atrofia muscular espinal es una enfermedad degenerativa y de progresión variable de acuerdo a su clasificación. Clínicamente, se debe sospechar cuando exista síndrome motoneuronal y fasciculaciones linguales. El diagnóstico molecular es el método más acertado para confirmar la enfermedad.