bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Coagulation Assessment During Treatment With Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Ebner Matthias , Birschmann Ingvild , Peter Andreas , Härtig Florian , Spencer Charlotte , Kuhn Joachim , Blumenstock Gunnar , Zuern Christine S. , Ziemann Ulf , Poli Sven 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
In patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), emergency treatment like thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is complicated by insufficient availability of DOAC-specific coagulation tests. Conflicting recommendations have been published concerning the use of global coagulation assays for ruling out relevant DOAC-induced anticoagulation.

Methods—
Four hundred eighty-one samples from 96 DOAC-treated patients were tested using prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT), DOAC-specific assays (anti-Xa activity, diluted TT), and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Sensitivity and specificity of test results to identify DOAC concentrations <30 ng/mL were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to define reagent-specific cutoff values.

Results—
Normal PT and aPTT provide insufficient specificity to safely identify DOAC concentrations <30 ng/mL (rivaroxaban/PT: specificity, 77%/sensitivity, 94%; apixaban/PT: specificity, 13%/sensitivity, 94%, dabigatran/aPTT: specificity, 49%/sensitivity, 91%). Normal TT was 100% specific for dabigatran, but sensitivity was 26%. In contrast, reagent-specific PT and aPTT cutoffs provided >95% specificity and a specific TT cutoff enhanced sensitivity for dabigatran to 84%. For apixaban, no cutoffs could be established.

Conclusions—
Even if highly DOAC-reactive reagents are used, normal results of global coagulation tests are not suited to guide emergency treatment: whereas normal PT and aPTT lack specificity to rule out DOAC-induced anticoagulation, the low sensitivity of normal TT excludes the majority of eligible patients from treatment. However, reagent-specific cutoffs for global coagulation tests ensure high specificity and optimize sensitivity for safe emergency decision making in rivaroxaban- and dabigatran-treated patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT02371044 and NCT02371070.
Predictors for Cerebral Edema in Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Thorén Magnus , Azevedo Elsa , Dawson Jesse , Egido Jose A. , Falcou Anne , Ford Gary A. , Holmin Staffan , Mikulik Robert , Ollikainen Jyrki , Wahlgren Nils , Ahmed Niaz 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral edema (CED) is a severe complication of acute ischemic stroke. There is uncertainty regarding the predictors for the development of CED after cerebral infarction. We aimed to determine which baseline clinical and radiological parameters predict development of CED in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods—
We used an image-based classification of CED with 3 degrees of severity (less severe CED 1 and most severe CED 3) on postintravenous thrombolysis imaging scans. We extracted data from 42 187 patients recorded in the SITS International Register (Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke) during 2002 to 2011. We did univariate comparisons of baseline data between patients with or without CED. We used backward logistic regression to select a set of predictors for each CED severity.

Results—

CED was detected in 9579/42 187 patients (22.7%: 12.5% CED 1, 4.9% CED 2, 5.3% CED 3). In patients with CED versus no CED, the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was higher (17 versus 10;
P
<0.001), signs of acute infarct was more common (27.9% versus 19.2%;
P
<0.001), hyperdense artery sign was more common (37.6% versus 14.6%;
P
<0.001), and blood glucose was higher (6.8 versus 6.4 mmol/L;
P
<0.001). Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, hyperdense artery sign, blood glucose, impaired consciousness, and signs of acute infarct on imaging were independent predictors for all edema types.

Conclusions—
The most important baseline predictors for early CED are National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, hyperdense artery sign, higher blood glucose, decreased level of consciousness, and signs of infarct at baseline. The findings can be used to improve selection and monitoring of patients for drug or surgical treatment.
CASP – An intervention by community volunteers to reduce suicidal behaviour among refugees
Authors: Vijayakumar Lakshmi , Mohanraj Rani , Kumar Shuba , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Sriram Savitha , Shanmugam Madhumathi 
Published: August 2017

Background: Refugees are at risk of psychiatric morbidity because of forced migration, traumatic events and resettlement in unfamiliar environments. Many live in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC) under stressful conditions contributing to increased suicide risk. Aims: This study assessed the feasibility of regular contact and use of safety planning cards (CASP) by community volunteers (CVs) in reducing suicidal behaviour among Sri Lankan refugees residing in camps in Tamil Nadu, South India. Methods: A household survey was carried out on consenting adults in two refugee camps – one intervention and one control – randomly selected using lottery method. The primary outcome was reduction in suicidal behaviour. Experience of trauma during war and migration, depression, post-traumatic stress and alcohol use were documented. Individuals scoring >16 on Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) or >30 on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or with active/passive suicidal ideation or a history of previous suicidal attempts were considered as high risk. CVs were trained to deliver CASP intervention to high-risk individuals. Change from baseline to follow-up was computed for intervention and control groups, and the difference between changes in suicide rates was compared using proportion test. Results: In total, 639 refugees from intervention and 664 from control camps participated. Of the 288 high-risk refugees in intervention camp, 139 completed the intervention. In the control camp, 187 were categorised as high risk. Prevalence of suicide attempts was 6.1%. Following intervention, differences between sites in changes in combined suicide (attempted suicides and suicides) rates per 100,000 per year were 519 (95% confidence interval (CI): 136–902; p < .01). Conclusion: CASP, an intervention involving contact by CVs and use of safety planning cards, is feasible to implement and can reduce suicidal behaviour among refugees. Its replication in more settings will enhance validity.
DNA testing in homicide investigations
Authors: Prahlow Joseph A , Cameron Thomas , Arendt Alexander , Cornelis Kenneth , Bontrager Anthony , Suth Michael S , Black Lisa , Tobey Rebbecca , Pollock Sharon , Stur Shawn , Cotter Kenneth , Gabrielse Joel 
Published: August 2017

Objectives With the widespread use of DNA testing, police, death investigators, and attorneys need to be aware of the capabilities of this technology. This review provides an overview of scenarios where DNA evidence has played a major role in homicide investigations in order to highlight important educational issues for police, death investigators, forensic pathologists, and attorneys. Methods This was a nonrandom, observational, retrospective study. Data were obtained from the collective files of the authors from casework during a 15-year period, from 2000 through 2014. Results A series of nine scenarios, encompassing 11 deaths, is presented from the standpoint of the police and death investigation, the forensic pathology autopsy performance, the subsequent DNA testing of evidence, and, ultimately, the final adjudication of cases. Details of each case are presented, along with a discussion that focuses on important aspects of sample collection for potential DNA testing, especially at the crime scene and the autopsy. The presentation highlights the diversity of case and evidence types in which DNA testing played a valuable role in the successful prosecution of the case. Conclusions By highlighting homicides where DNA testing contributed to the successful adjudication of cases, police, death investigators, forensic pathologists, and attorneys will be better informed regarding the types of evidence and situations where such testing is of potential value.
The Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Glycemic Control Among Hispanic Adults With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Full Kelsie M. , Schmied Emily A. , Parada Humberto , Cherrington Andrea , Horton Lucy A. , Ayala Guadalupe X. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and glycemic control in adult Hispanic patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 317 Hispanic adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who participated in a randomized controlled trial testing a peer support intervention to improve diabetes control. To be eligible, participants had to be 18 years or older and have A1C >7% in the 3 months prior to randomization. Glycemic control was assessed by A1C ascertained through medical chart review; higher A1C levels reflected poorer glycemic control. Sleep duration (hours/night), diabetes control behaviors, and demographics were obtained by interviewer-administered questionnaire. We used multivariable generalized linear models to estimate the association between sleep duration and glycemic control. Results Forty-three percent of participants reported sleeping fewer than 7 hours per night. Sleep duration (hours/night) was inversely associated with A1C levels; however, the relationship was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for insulin status. Conclusions Sleep duration was not significantly associated with glycemic control in this sample of Hispanic adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes when adjusting for insulin. Future research should continue to explore this relationship among Hispanic adults with diabetes using an objective measure of sleep duration and a larger sample of Hispanic adults with both controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes to determine if these results hold true.
Long-term results of a randomized, controlled, double-blind study of low-level laser therapy before exercises in knee osteoarthritis: laser and exercises in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Alfredo Patrícia Pereira , Bjordal Jan Magnus , Junior Washington Steagall , Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão , Stausholm Martin B , Casarotto Raquel Aparecida , Marques Amélia Pasqual , Joensen Jon 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To assess the long-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), in combination with strengthening exercises in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Design: Follow-up results at three and six months in a previously published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Specialist Rehabilitation Services. Subjects: Forty participants of both genders, aged 50–75 years with knee osteoarthritis grade 2–4 on Kellgren–Lawrence scale. Intervention: The LLLT group received 10 LLLT treatments with invisible infrared laser (904 nm, 3 Joules/point) over three weeks followed by an eight-week supervised strengthening exercise program. The placebo LLLT group received identical treatment, but the infrared laser output was disabled. Main measures: Pain on a visual analogue scale, paracetamol consumption, and osteoarthritis severity measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lequesne Index. Results: The new data obtained during the follow-up period showed that all outcomes remained stable and there were no significant differences between the groups at three and six months. However, daily consumption of rescue analgesics (paracetamol) was significantly lower in the LLLT group throughout the follow-up period, ending at a group difference of 0.45 vs. 3.40 units ( P < 0.001) at six months follow-up. We conclude that within the limitations of this small study, the previously reported improvement after LLLT plus exercise was maintained for a period of six months. Conclusion: We find that the immediate post-intervention improvements from LLLT plus strengthening exercises were maintained for six months.
Women’s Occupational Health: Resisting When We Can: Santé des femmes au travail: mobiliser quand c’est encore possible
Authors: Riel Jessica , Saint-Charles Johanne , Messing Karen 
Published: August 2017

The continuing worldwide struggle for decent working conditions is under intense economic, social, and political pressures. Women are particularly affected by these pressures because of their still-tenuous position in the service sector, in lowprestige, low-paid occupations. In addition, their occupational health issues are often overlooked or minimized. Nevertheless, women continue to struggle, as individuals and collectively. This issue describes a number of instances where women in the Québec labor movement have attempted to reconcile equality concerns with protecting their own health. There are successes, failures, and puzzles. Résumé La lutte mondiale pour des conditions de travail décentes subit d’intenses pressions économiques, sociales et politiques. Les femmes sont particulièrement touchées par ces pressions à cause de leur situation encore fragile dans le secteur des services, dans des professions de faible prestige et salaire. De plus, leurs besoins en santé au travail sont souvent minimisés ou ignorés. Toutefois, les femmes continuent à résister, individuellement et collectivement. Ce numéro décrit un certain nombre d’exemples où des travailleuses militantes ont tenté de concilier leurs revendications d’égalité et d’accès au travail avec leur besoin de protéger leur santé.
Does Operative or Nonoperative Treatment Achieve Better Results in A3 and A4 Spinal Fractures Without Neurological Deficit?
Authors: Rometsch Elke , Spruit Maarten , Härtl Roger , McGuire Robert Alton , Gallo-Kopf Brigitte Sandra , Kalampoki Vasiliki , Kandziora Frank 
Published: August 2017

Study Design: Systematic literature review with meta-analysis. Objective: Thoracolumbar (TL) fractures can be treated conservatively or surgically. Especially, the treatment strategy for incomplete and complete TL burst fractures (A3 and A4, AOSpine classification) in neurologically intact patients remains controversial. The aim of this work was to collate the clinical evidence on the respective treatment modalities. Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed and the Web of Science. Clinical and radiological outcome data were collected. For studies comparing operative with nonoperative treatment, the standardized mean differences (SMD) for disability and pain were calculated and methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed. Results: From 1929 initial matches, 12 were eligible. Four of these compared surgical with conservative treatment. A comparative analysis of radiological results was not possible due to a lack of uniform reporting. Differences in clinical outcomes at follow-up were small, both between studies and between treatment groups. The SMD was 0.00 (95% CI −0.072, 0.72) for disability and −0.05 (95% CI −0.91, 0.81) for pain. Methodological quality was high in most studies and no evidence of publication bias was revealed. Conclusions: We did not find differences in disability or pain outcomes between operative and nonoperative treatment of A3 and A4 TL fractures in neurologically intact patients. Notwithstanding, the available scores have been developed and validated for degenerative diseases; thus, their suitability in trauma may be questionable. Specific and uniform outcome parameters need to be defined and enforced for the evaluation of TL trauma.
Behaviour of ThSiO4 during hydrothermal alteration of
raremetal rich lithologies from peralkaline rocks
Authors: Macdonald R. , Bagiński B. , Kartashov P. M. , Zozulya D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe behaviour of ThSiO4 during low-temperature alteration has
significance for element mobility and redistribution. Here we describe five
types of alteration of ThSiO4 by hydrothermal fluids: (1) primary
ThSiO4 associated with chevkinite-(Ce) in a quartz-epidote
metasomatite; (2) during alteration of monazite-(Ce) in a quartzolite; (3)
during alteration of fergusonite-(Y) in a quartz-epidote metasomatite; (4)
following exsolution from chevkinite-(Ce); and (5) associated with
cerite-(Ce) and with ilmenite and bastnäsite-(Ce) in late-stage veinlets in
a syenitic pegmatite and a metasomatite. The great majority of crystals have
been strongly altered compositionally, with variable degrees of replacement
of formula elements by non-formula elements, such as Ca, Fe, P and
REE. The most reliable geochemical indicators of
hydrothermal alteration are low analytical totals and non-stoichiometric
structural formulae. The alteration is variably ascribed to
dissolution-reprecipitation and pervasive fluid infiltration along cracks.
Thorium appears to have shown limited mobility in these samples.
Application of benchtop micro-XRF to geological
materials
Authors: Flude Stephanie , Haschke Michael , Storey Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent developments in X-ray optics have allowed the development of a range
of commercially available benchtop micro-XRF (μ-XRF) instruments that can
produce X-ray spot sizes of 20–30 μm on the sample, allowing major- and
trace-element analysis on a range of sample types and sizes with minimal
sample preparation. Such instruments offer quantitative analysis using
fundamental parameter based 'standardless' quantification algorithms. The
accuracy and precision of this quantitative analysis on geological
materials, and application of micro-XRF to wider geological problems is
assessed using a single benchtop micro-XRF instrument. Quantitative analysis
of internal reference materials and international standards shows that such
instruments can provide highly reproducible data but that, for many silicate
materials, standardless quantification is not accurate.Accuracy can be
improved, however, by using a simple type-calibration against a reference
material of similar matrix and composition. Qualitative analysis with
micro-XRF can simplify and streamline sample characterization and processing
for subsequent geochemical and isotopic analysis.
Embreyite: structure determination, chemical formula and comparative crystal chemistry
Authors: Kovrugin Vadim M. , Siidra Oleg I. , Pekov Igor V. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Khanin Dmitry A. , Agakhanov Atali A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTEmbreyite from the Berezovskoe, Urals, Russia, was studied by the means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), single-crystal XRD, infrared spectroscopy and microprobe analysis. The empirical formula of embreyite obtained on the basis of microprobe analysis is Pb1.29Cu0.07Cr0.52P0.43O4(without taking into account the presence of H2O). An examination of single-crystal XRD frames of the tested crystals cut from embreyite intergrowths revealed split reflection spots of weak intensities, even after a long exposure time. The crystal structure of embreyite (monoclinic,C2/m,a= 9.802(16),b= 5.603(9),c= 7.649(12) Å, β = 114.85(3)oandV= 381.2(11) Å3) has been solved by direct methods and refined toR1= 0.050 for 318 unique observed reflections. The powder XRD patterns of the holotype embreyite and the fresh material studied are close in bothdvalues and the intensities match the pattern calculated from the structural single-crystal XRD data. The unit-cell parameters were re-calculated for the holotype sample using a new cell setting and correspondinghklindices. The crystal structure of embreyite is based on layers formed by corner-sharing mixed chromate-phosphate tetrahedra and PbO6distorted octahedra. The interlayer space is filled by disordered Pb2+and Cu2+cations. Generally, the crystal structure of embreyite can be referred to the structural type of palmierite. {Pb[(Cr,P)O4]2]} layers in embreyite are similar in topology to those in yavapaiite-type compounds. The general formula of embreyite can be represented as (Pbx$M_y^{2 +} $□1–x–y)2{Pb[(Cr,P)O4]2}(H2O)n, whereM2+= Cu and Zn and 0.5 ≤x+y≤ 1, or, in the simplified form: (Pb,Cu,□)2{Pb[(Cr,P)O4]2}(H2O)n. The simplified formula of embreyite is similar in stoichiometry to vauquelinite and may explain the existence of the solid-solution series. The determination of the crystal structure of embreyite may also help to resolve the crystal chemical nature of cassedanneite. The XRD pattern of cassedanneite contains a distinct reflection withd= 13.9 Å, forbidden for the embreyite unit cell. This feature may indicate the doubling of thecunit-cell parameter of cassedanneite in comparison with embreyite. We assume that cassedanneite has structural similarity to embreyite with, presumably, a disordered distribution of Cr and V.
Proteomic analysis of sputum reveals novel biomarkers for various presentations of asthma
Authors: Cao Chao , Li Wen , Hua Wen , Yan Fugui , Zhang Hao , Huang Huaqiong , Ying Yinghua , Li Na , Lan Fen , Wang Shaobin , Chen Xiao , Li Jing , Liu Jinkai , Lai Tianwen , Bao Zhengqiang , Cao Yuan , Zhao Yun , Huang Gang , Huang Lili , Huang Yaqing , Wu Ping , Peng Chao , Chen Zhihua , Chung Kian Fan , Zhong Nanshan , Ying Songmin , Shen Huahao 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background
It is now recognized that asthma
can present in different forms. Typically, asthma present with symptoms of wheeze, breathlessness and cough. Atypical forms of asthma such as cough variant asthma (CVA) or chest tightness variant asthma (CTVA) do not wheeze. We hypothesize that these different forms of asthma may have distinctive cellular and molecular features.

Methods
30 patients with typical or classical asthma (CA), 27 patients with CVA, 30 patients with CTVA, and 30 healthy control adults were enrolled in this prospective study. We measured serum IgE, lung function, sputum eosinophils, nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO). We performed proteomic analysis of induced-sputum supernatants by mass spectrometry.

Results
There were no significant differences in atopy and FEV1 among patients with CA, CVA, and CTVA. Serum IgE, sputum eosinophil percentages, FeNO, anxiety and depression scores were significantly increased in the three presentations of asthmatic patients as compared with healthy controls but there was no difference between the asthmatic groups. Comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis revealed more than a thousand proteins in the sputum from patients with CA, CVA, and CTVA, among which 23 secreted proteins were higher in patients than that in controls.

Conclusions
Patients with CA, CVA, or CTVA share common clinical characteristics of eosinophilic airway inflammation. And more importantly, their sputum samples were composed with common factors with minor distinctions. These findings support the concept that these three different presentations of asthma have similar pathogenetic mechanism in terms of an enhanced Th2 associated with eosinophilia. In addition, this study identified a pool of novel biomarkers for diagnosis of asthma and to label its subtypes.
Trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-OOC-15006221)