bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting site use of giant pandas in Wanglang Nature Reserve
Authors: Kang Dongwei , Wang Xiaorong , Li Junqing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLittle is known about the resting sites used by the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), which restricts our understanding of their resting habits and limits conservation efforts. To enhance our understanding of resting site requirements and factors affecting the resting time of giant pandas, we investigated the characteristics of resting sites in the Wanglang Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. The results indicated that the resting sites of giant pandas were characterised by a mean slope of 21°, mean nearest tree size of 53.75 cm, mean nearest shrub size of 2.82 cm, and mean nearest bamboo number of 56. We found that the resting sites were closer to bamboo than to trees and shrubs, suggesting that the resting site use of giant pandas is closely related to the presence of bamboo. Considering that giant pandas typically rest near a large-sized tree, protection of large trees in the forests is of considerable importance for the conservation of this species. Furthermore, slope was found to be an important factor affecting the resting time of giant pandas, as they tended to rest for a relatively longer time in sites with a smaller degree of slope.
Optically induced metastability in Cu(In,Ga)Se2
Authors: Jensen S. A. , Kanevce A. , Mansfield L. M. , Glynn S. , Lany S. , Kuciauskas D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) is presently the most efficient thin-film photovoltaic technology with efficiencies exceeding 22%. An important factor impacting the efficiency is metastability, where material changes occur over timescales of up to weeks during light exposure. A previously proposed (V
Se
-V
Cu
) divacancy model presents a widely accepted explanation. We present experimental evidence for the optically induced metastability transition and expand the divacancy model with first-principles calculations. Using photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, we identify a sub-bandgap optical transition that severely deteriorates the carrier lifetime. This is in accordance with the expanded divacancy model, which predicts that states below the conduction band are responsible for the metastability change. We determine the density–capture cross-section product of the induced lifetime-limiting states and evaluate their impact on device performance. The experimental and theoretical findings presented can allow assessment of metastability characteristics of leading thin-film photovoltaic technologies.
IFN-γ and TNF-α synergism may provide a link between psoriasis and inflammatory atherogenesis
Authors: Mehta Nehal N. , Teague Heather L. , Swindell William R. , Baumer Yvonne , Ward Nicole L. , Xing Xianying , Baugous Brooke , Johnston Andrew , Joshi Aditya A. , Silverman Joanna , Barnes Drew H. , Wolterink Liza , Nair Rajan P. , Stuart Philip E. , Playford Martin , Voorhees John J. , Sarkar Mrinal K. , Elder James T. , Gallagher Katherine , Ganesh Santhi K. , Gudjonsson Johann E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic inflammation is a critical component of atherogenesis, however, reliable human translational models aimed at characterizing these mechanisms are lacking. Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis, provides a clinical human model that can be utilized to investigate the links between chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis development. We sought to investigate key biological processes in psoriasis skin and human vascular tissue to identify biological components that may promote atherosclerosis in chronic inflammatory conditions. Using a bioinformatics approach of human skin and vascular tissue, we determined IFN-γ and TNF-α are the dominant pro-inflammatory signals linking atherosclerosis and psoriasis. We then stimulated primary aortic endothelial cells and ex-vivo atherosclerotic tissue with IFN-γ and TNF-α and found they synergistically increased monocyte and T-cell chemoattractants, expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface, and decreased endothelial barrier integrity in vitro, therefore increasing permeability. Our data provide strong evidence of synergism between IFN-γ and TNF- α in inflammatory atherogenesis and provide rationale for dual cytokine antagonism in future studies.
Myoelectric Pattern Recognition Outperforms Direct Control for Transhumeral Amputees with Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hargrove Levi J. , Miller Laura A. , Turner Kristi , Kuiken Todd A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecently commercialized powered prosthetic arm systems hold great potential in restoring function for people with upper-limb loss. However, effective use of such devices remains limited by conventional (direct) control methods, which rely on electromyographic signals produced from a limited set of muscles. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) is a nerve transfer procedure that creates additional recording sites for myoelectric prosthesis control. The effects of TMR may be enhanced when paired with pattern recognition technology. We sought to compare pattern recognition and direct control in eight transhumeral amputees who had TMR in a balanced randomized cross-over study. Subjects performed a 6–8 week home trial using direct and pattern recognition control with a custom prostheses made from commercially available parts. Subjects showed statistically better performance in the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (p = 0.04) and the Clothespin relocation task (p = 0.02). Notably, these tests required movements along 3 degrees of freedom. Seven of 8 subjects preferred pattern recognition control over direct control. This study was the first home trial large enough to establish clinical and statistical significance in comparing pattern recognition with direct control. Results demonstrate that pattern recognition is a viable option and has functional advantages over direct control.
Gut bacterial communities of diarrheic patients with indications of Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Schneider Dominik , Thürmer Andrea , Gollnow Kathleen , Lugert Raimond , Gunka Katrin , Groß Uwe , Daniel Rolf 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present bacterial 16S rRNA gene datasets derived from stool samples of 44 patients with diarrhea indicative of a Clostridioides difficile infection. For 20 of these patients, C. difficile infection was confirmed by clinical evidence. Stool samples from patients originating from Germany, Ghana, and Indonesia were taken and subjected to DNA isolation. DNA isolations of stool samples from 35 asymptomatic control individuals were performed. The bacterial community structure was assessed by 16S rRNA gene analysis (V3-V4 region). Metadata from patients and control individuals include gender, age, country, presence of diarrhea, concomitant diseases, and results of microbiological tests to diagnose C. difficile presence. We provide initial data analysis and a dataset overview. After processing of paired-end sequencing data, reads were merged, quality-filtered, primer sequences removed, reads truncated to 400 bp and dereplicated. Singletons were removed and sequences were sorted by cluster size, clustered at 97% sequence similarity and chimeric sequences were discarded. Taxonomy to each operational taxonomic unit was assigned by BLASTn searches against Silva database 123.1 and a table was constructed.
Quantifying person-level brain network functioning to facilitate clinical translation
Authors: Ball T M , Goldstein-Piekarski A N , Gatt J M , Williams L M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough advances in neuroimaging have yielded insights into the intrinsic organization of human brain networks and their relevance to psychiatric and neurological disorders, there has been no translation of these insights into clinical practice. One necessary step toward clinical translation is identifying a summary metric of network function that is reproducible, reliable, and has known normative data, analogous to normed neuropsychological tests. Our aim was therefore to establish the proof of principle for such a metric, focusing on the default mode network (DMN). We compared three candidate summary metrics: global clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and average connectivity. Across three samples totaling 322 healthy, mostly Caucasian adults, average connectivity performed best, with good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.69–0.70) and adequate eight-week test–retest reliability (intra-class coefficient=0.62 in a subsample N=65). We therefore present normative data for average connectivity of the DMN and its sub-networks. These proof of principle results are an important first step for the translation of neuroimaging to clinical practice. Ultimately, a normed summary metric will allow a single patient’s DMN function to be quantified and interpreted relative to normative peers.
Synthesis of bis-(benzocyclohexan-ketoimino) Ni(ii) with different electron groups and their catalytic copolymerization of norbornene and polar norbornene
Authors: He Xiaohui , Yang Yingping , Wang Suli , Han Zhilong , Tu Guangshui , Zhang Feng , Huang Shengmei , Wang Zijie , Chen Defu 
Published: October 2017

Several N,O-chelating type bidentate ligand nickel complexes were synthesized, characterized and applied to catalyze copolymerization of norbornene and polar norbornene.
Frame-Based Stereotactic-Guided Excision of Colloid Cyst of Cavum Septum Pellucidum through Transcallosal Approach—A Technical Note
Authors: Parthiban J. , Shanthanam S. , Manivasagam R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractColloid cyst is a rare benign intracranial lesion. Due to its embryologic origin and development, it is commonly located within the third ventricle, though it also presents at various locations. Its location within cavum septum pellucidum is rarely reported. Operative approaches to such lesion can be challenging and misleading due to intraoperative variations. However, surgical resection in such locations are simplified and perfected with stereotactic guidance. A case of colloid cyst within the cavum septum pellucidum and the importance of stereotactic guidance in precisely reaching the lesion, thus minimizing the dissection of corpus callosum, are discussed.
Management of Immune-Mediated Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders
Authors: Ayzenberg Ilya , Gold Ralf , Kleiter Ingo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParaneoplastic neurological disorders are rare and clinically heterogeneous diseases. They can affect both the central and peripheral nervous system as well as the neuromuscular junction and muscle. Neurological deficits develop in 2/3 of cases prior to cancer diagnosis. The diagnostic approach includes screening for antineuronal antibodies and a search for the underlying tumor. A prompt tumor therapy in combination with immunotherapy is the cornerstone in the management of these diseases. Due to lack of clinical trials, treatment recommendations are based on case series and expert opinions. High-dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and apheresis therapies are often used in the acute stage of the disease. These therapies should be started as early as possible, e. g., during tumor screening, in order to prevent irreversible damage. Long-term treatment is mostly immunosuppressive and depends on the specific paraneoplastic syndrome. Outcomes vary depending upon the prognosis of the underlying cancer and the nature of the antineuronal antibodies. Disorders with antibodies directed against antigens on the neuronal cell surface are highly sensitive to B cell-directed therapies and mostly associated with a favorable outcome. A thorough review of published data on actual treatment recommendation is provided along with discussion of currently not validated, but potentially effective new therapies.
Pädiatrische Endoskopie – ein Update
Authors: Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Hocke Michael , Gottschalk Uwe , Meier Peter , Dietrich Christoph 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungKinderendoskopie ist ein typisches Beispiel für die Verzahnung von getrennten Fachgebieten. Sie wird in Deutschland unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Die meisten Endoskopien liegen in der Hand der Gastroenterologen aus der Erwachsenenmedizin, da Pädiater mit endoskopischer Erfahrung nicht flächendeckend vorgehalten werden können. Auf der anderen Seite existieren Zentren mit hoher Expertise in der Hand erfahrener Kindergastroenterologen. Über die Besonderheiten der Endoskopie beim Kind gibt es kaum Literatur. In diesem Artikel haben sich Pädiater und Gastroenterologen aus der Erwachsenenmedizin zusammengefunden, um die Besonderheiten der Endoskopie im Kindesalter zu beschreiben und nachvollziehbar anwendbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, Erfahrungen aus den Besonderheiten der Kindergastroenterologie zusammenzufassen, um sowohl Pädiatern als auch kinderendoskopisch tätigen Gastroenterologen in ihrer Tätigkeit eine Hilfestellung zu geben.
A comparison of outcomes of carpal tunnel release for
carpal tunnel syndrome in patients diagnosed with and without
electrophysiological studies
Authors: Puchalski Piotr , Zyluk Andrzej , Szlosser Zbigniew 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecords were analysed from the institutional database, including 943 patients
(1089 hands) with CTS who were operated on in the authors’ department over a
period of four years (2012 to 2015). The diagnosis of CTS was made solely on the
basis of clinical findings in 551 patients (58 %); 392 patients (42 %) also had
electrodiagnostic tests performed, for various reasons. Patients were
followed-up at 1 and 6 months with assessments that included the Levine scores,
filament tests, grip and pinch strength. No significant differences in Levine
scores were found at the 1 and 6 month assessments. Statistically significant
differences were noted in 3-point pinch strength and sensation: however, these
were not clinically meaningful. The results of the study show that the results
of carpal tunnel release in patients with typical symptoms are no better after
electrodiagnostic tests.
Structural basis for regulation of the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of Bag6 by TRC35
Authors: Mock Jee-Young , Xu Yue , Ye Yihong , Clemons William M. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The metazoan protein BCL-2–associated athanogene cochaperone 6 (Bag6) acts as a central hub for several essential cellular processes, including immunoregulation, gene regulation, apoptosis, and proteostasis. These roles are in both the nucleus and the cytosol, but the mechanism by which Bag6 traffics between these compartments remains elusive. Here we present the crystal structure of Bag6 in complex with its cytoplasmic retention factor transmembrane domain recognition complex 35 (TRC35) and suggest a mechanism of regulation for the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of Bag6.
Multigenerational silencing dynamics control cell aging
Authors: Li Yang , Jin Meng , O’Laughlin Richard , Bittihn Philip , Tsimring Lev S. , Pillus Lorraine , Hasty Jeff , Hao Nan 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Aging is an inevitable consequence of living, and with it comes increased morbidity and mortality. Novel approaches to mitigating age-related chronic diseases demand a better understanding of the biology of aging. Studies in model organisms have identified many conserved molecular factors that influence aging. The emerging challenge is to understand how these factors interact and change dynamically to drive aging. Using multidisciplinary technologies, we have revealed a sirtuin-dependent intermittent pattern of chromatin silencing during yeast aging that is crucial for longevity. Our findings highlight the important role of silencing dynamics in aging, which deserves careful consideration when designing schemes to delay or reverse aging by modulating sirtuins and silencing.
Mechanically switching single-molecule fluorescence of GFP by unfolding and refolding
Authors: Ganim Ziad , Rief Matthias 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is widely used as a tag to watch otherwise invisible proteins and as a sensor of its local chemical environment. Since GFP can form many partially folded states, it is critical to know how these structural changes affect its signature fluorescence. We use optical tweezers to force single molecules of GFP into folding and unfolding intermediate states and simultaneously probe single-molecule fluorescence from each state. It was found that GFP fluorescence requires complete structural integrity; none of the unfolding or refolding intermediates were observed to fluoresce, but fluorescence could be recovered by complete refolding. This feature was exploited to reversibly, mechanically switch GFP between on and off fluorescence states.
Direct measurement of weakly nonequilibrium system entropy is consistent with Gibbs–Shannon form
Authors: Gavrilov Momčilo , Chétrite Raphaël , Bechhoefer John 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceThe second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system is constant or increasing. This constrains the laws of physics, ruling out perpetual-motion machines that convert heat to work without any side effect. At its heart, the second law is a statement about entropy, yet entropy is an elusive concept: To date, it has not been directly measured but is rather inferred from other quantities, such as the integral of the specific heat over temperature. Here, by measuring the work required to erase a fraction of a bit of information, we isolate directly the change in entropy, showing that it is compatible with the functional form proposed by Shannon, demonstrating its physical meaning in this context.
In vitro reconstitution of T cell receptor-mediated segregation of the CD45 phosphatase
Authors: Carbone Catherine B. , Kern Nadja , Fernandes Ricardo A. , Hui Enfu , Su Xiaolei , Garcia K. Christopher , Vale Ronald D. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceThe T cell receptor (TCR) and PD-1 signaling cascades have been hypothesized to be triggered by the exclusion of the transmembrane phosphatase CD45 from sites of receptor–ligand engagement at the T cell–antigen-presenting cell interface. We reconstituted TCR–pMHC– and PD1–PD-L1–mediated segregation of CD45 with purified proteins and model membranes, demonstrating that this phenomenon can occur in the absence of any active cellular organization. In this minimal system, two developmentally regulated and different size isoforms of CD45 are differently segregated by TCR–pMHC binding, suggesting a possible mechanism for the fine-tuning of signaling. Collectively, our data show that the binding energy of physiological receptor–ligand pairs is sufficient to create spatial organization in membranes.
Questioning the questionable
Authors: Ilie Cornelia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to identify and scrutinize the mechanisms of overt and covert argumentation and counter-argumentation that underlie the question-answer turn-taking structure in a political accountability interview conducted as part of the BBC HARDtalk programmes. The political accountability interview (Montgomery, 2011) can be regarded as an interviewer-mediated hybrid dialogue genre that combines inquiry dialogue and persuasion dialogue in varying degrees. As an inquiry dialogue it exhibits a question-and-answer pattern of information-seeking and information-sharing, and as a persuasion dialogue it functions as a consistent pursuit on either side to advance argumentation-supported interpretations and evaluations of targeted facts and events. While an interviewer is normally supposed to assume a neutral and impartial role in questioning the interviewee, there is increasing evidence (Bell & van Leeuven, 1994; Clayman, 2002; Heritage, 2002) that during the interview interaction, both interviewer and interviewee compete to assume control over meaning negotiation about the (re)interpretation and (re)contextualisation of controversial issues under discussion in order to impact the perceptions and beliefs of a multi-layered and diverse audience. The analytical focus of the present investigation is twofold: on the one hand, the interplay of questions and answers used by the interviewer and the interviewee to articulate argumentative and counter-argumentative claims meant to legitimize or delegitimize the relevance and validity of debated standpoints in an interview about controversial political events (Russian interventions in Ukraine) and related international reactions; on the other hand, the argumentation strategies used by the interviewer and the interviewee to justify or to challenge the relevance and validity of competing definitions and (re)definitions of keywords central to the discussion.
Interpersonal style(s) in diplomatic argumentation online
Authors: Swain Elizabeth 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter contributes to a growing body of research on diplomatic argumentation with a corpus study of variation in interpersonal style, conducted from an integrated perspective of argument schemes and appraisal theory. Based on 50 press releases taken from the foreign ministry websites of five prominent countries, the study aimed to ascertain whether internationally shared conventions of the kind regulating subjectivity in traditional argumentation settings still operate in the contemporary global, online context. Scheme types (Walton et al, 2008), directives, and the appraisal categories of authorial attitude and graduation (Martin and White, 2005) were taken as markers of interpersonal style and their frequencies calculated for the whole corpus and the five component sub-corpora. The results showed a relatively small range of argument schemes, free use of authorial attitude overall, and considerable variation between the five sub-corpora. Discussion of the different configurations of schemes and appraisal resources focuses on their construction of interpersonal style and government identity.
Antecedents of identification
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Tal-Or Nurit 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An important component of narrative involvement is identification, the taking on of a character’s emotions and perspective and adopting his or her goals. After carefully defining identification, the chapter turns to a brief discussion of some of its consequences such as enjoyment, interpretation, moral disengagement and influences on the self. The chapter then provides a critical examination and synthesis of studies that examine the determinants of identification. Determinants include viewing context, narrative features, audience traits, character features and various aspects of similarity between characters and audiences. After reviewing these studies the chapter suggests some conclusions and insights into the nature of identification that can be gleaned from this literature.