bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A narrative review of microbial biofilm in postoperative surgical site infections: clinical presentation and treatment
Authors: Edmiston C. E. , McBain A. J. , Kiernan M. , Leaper D. J. 
Published: December 2016

Objective: The global impact of surgical site infections (SSIs) on health-care systems is considerable: many are related to the formation of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of implantable device-related infections and are also important in persistent postoperative skin and soft tissue wound infections. Method: PubMed and OVID databases were searched for relevant articles regarding biofilm-associated infection in surgery, including epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and management. Results: Biofilm-associated infections increase the use of health-care resources, prolong length of stay, increase cost of antibiotic therapy, result in additional surgical revisions and extend rehabilitation after discharge from health care. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most common isolates recovered from device-related infections. Early infection occurs within two weeks of implantation and is associated with intraoperative wound contamination; late-onset infections are often occult prolonging recognition by weeks, months and in some cases, years. Biofilm is a physical barrier against antibodies and granulocytic cell populations which may also impede the penetration of antibiotics. The ideal strategy for preventing biofilm-associated SSI is to prevent intraoperative contamination through compliance with effective surgical care bundles. Management of postoperative biofilm-associated infections involves surgical debridement followed by irrigation with antimicrobial agents and removal of infected devices, followed by insertion of antimicrobial adjuncts such as antimicrobial spacers, beads or sutures together with selective therapeutic agents that penetrate the mature biofilm. Conclusion: Biofilm-associated infections are a significant source of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Appropriate interventional strategies are warranted to reduce the risk of intraoperative contamination. Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflicts.
A novel native collagen dressing with advantageous properties to promote physiological wound healing
Authors: Wiegand C. , Buhren B. A. , Bünemann E. , Schrumpf H. , Homey B. , Frykberg R. G. , Lurie F. , Gerber P. A. 
Published: December 2016

Objective:Chronic hard-to-heal wounds generate high costs and resource use in western health systems and are the focus of intense efforts to improve healing outcomes. Here, we introduce a novel native collagen (90 %):alginate (10 %) wound dressing and compare it with the established oxidised dressingsMethod:Matrices were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AMF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunoelectron microscopy for collagen types I, III and V. Viability assays were performed with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) binding was analysed, and the effect of the wound dressings on platelet-derived growth factor B homodimer (PDGF-BB) was investigated.Results:Unlike oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen matrix and ovine forestomach matrix (OFM), the three-dimensional structure of the native collagen matrix (NCM) was found to be analogous to intact, native, dermal collagen. Fibroblasts seeded on the NCM showed exponential growth whereas in ORC/collagen matrix or OFM, very low rates of proliferation were observed after 7 days. MMP sequestration was effective and significant in the NCM. In addition, the NCM was able to significantly stabilise PDGF-BB in vitro.Conclusion:We hypothesise that the observed microstructure of the NCM allows for an effective binding of MMPs and a stabilisation and protection of growth factors and also promotes the ingrowth of dermal fibroblasts, potentially supporting the re commencement of healing in previously recalcitrant wounds.Declaration of interest:This work was supported by BSN Medical, Hamburg, Germany.
Outcomes of acute dermal irritation and sensitisation tests on active dressings for chronic wounds: a comparative study
Authors: Zelga P. J. , Górnicz M. M. , Głuszkiewicz J. M. , Piasecka-Zelga J. 
Published: December 2016

Objective: Chronic, non-healing ulcers are a significant problem in clinical practice. The numerous complications, associated with toxicological and allergic reactions, caused by certain compounds in active dressings have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the local skin tolerance of active dressings and determine which of them carries a risk of causing local skin reactions. Method: We tested six active dressings from different categories (hydrogel dressing, chitosan sponge dressing, silver nanoparticles dressing, dry flax fibres dressing alone and coated with linfix or oilfix) for acute irritation in rabbits and for sensitisation in guinea pigs. Results: Only the dry flax fibre dressing showed no irritant and sensitisation effects. The remaining dressings obtained Cumulative Irritation Index from 0.00–0.35 and evoked sensitisation reaction in up to 20 % animals, which according to skin reaction category puts them in the non-to mildly-irritating and sensitising products group. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it should be considered that although analysed dressings do not present a serious risk of allergic reactions in humans, only the dry flax fibre dressing can be perceived as having negligible risk. Declaration of interest The authors have no conflict of interests.
Impact of optimal anticoagulation therapy on chronic venous ulcer healing in thrombophilic patients with post-thrombotic syndrome
Authors: Hinojosa C. A. , Olivares-Cruz S. , Laparra-Escareno H. , Sanchez-Castro S. , Tamayo-Garcia B. , Anaya-Ayala J. E. 
Published: December 2016

Objective: Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the long-term sequelae of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). PTS clinical manifestations include chronic leg pain, oedema, lipodermatosclerosis and ulcers. The objective of this study is to determine in patients with documented history of thrombophilias and DVT whether the number of previous thrombotic events and optimal anticoagulation therapy are associated with the time to venous ulcer healing following the start of compression therapy. Method: Retrospective analysis performed in thrombophilic patients under the age of 50 years old with chronic venous ulcers secondary to DVT at the wound clinic in the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition ‘Salvador Zubirán ’ in Mexico City. Variables such as the number or episodes of thrombotic events, type of hypercoagulable disorder, optimal anticoagulation therapy with Warfarin monitored by therapeutic International Normalised Ratio (INR) (2–3) and compliance to compression therapy were examined. Patients that underwent superficial or perforator vein interruption or endovascular recanalisation of deep veins were excluded from the study. Results: From a database of 29 patients with chronic venous ulcers followed in our clinic from January 1992 to September 2012, only 13 patients (61% female) met the inclusion criteria. Mean age±standard deviation (SD) was 32±12 years old. Of these, seven (54%) patients with suboptimal INR presented with an average of two previous thrombotic events and the remaining six (46%) patients with optimal INR only one event (p=0.28), the mean time to the clinical manifestation of a venous ulcer after the first episode of DVT was 39 months (range: 12–72) for patients with suboptimal INR and 82 months (range: 12–216) for those with optimal anticoagulation therapy (p=0.11). During the mean follow-up period of 52 months, all patients in optimal anticoagulation healed their ulcer; their mean time for wound healing was 44 months (range: 4–102). In the suboptimal INR group, only four healed the ulcers with an mean of 72 months (range: 2–204) (p=0.94). Conclusion: There seems to be an association between an optimal anticoagulation therapy with Warfarin monitored by INR and wound healing rates in thrombophilic patients with chronic venous ulcers. Further research is warranted. Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest.
Influence of isoform-specific Ras lipidation motifs on protein partitioning and dynamics in model membrane systems of various complexity
Authors: Erwin Nelli , Patra Satyajit , Dwivedi Mridula , Weise Katrin , Winter Roland 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The partitioning of the lipidated signaling proteins N-Ras and K-Ras4B into various membrane systems, ranging from single-component fluid bilayers, binary fluid mixtures, heterogeneous raft model membranes up to complex native-like lipid mixtures (GPMVs) in the absence and presence of integral membrane proteins have been explored in the last decade in a combined chemical-biological and biophysical approach. These studies have revealed pronounced isoform-specific differences regarding the lateral distribution in membranes and formation of protein-rich membrane domains. In this context, we will also discuss the effects of lipid head group structure and charge density on the partitioning behavior of the lipoproteins. Moreover, the dynamic properties of N-Ras and K-Ras4B have been studied in different model membrane systems and native-like crowded milieus. Addition of crowding agents such as Ficoll and its monomeric unit, sucrose, gradually favors clustering of Ras proteins in forming small oligomers in the bulk; only at very high crowder concentrations association is disfavored.
ATP-driven processes of peroxisomal matrix protein import
Authors: Schwerter Daniel P. , Grimm Immanuel , Platta Harald W. , Erdmann Ralf 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In peroxisomal matrix protein import two processes directly depend on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP, both taking place at the late steps of the peroxisomal import cycle. First, ATP hydrolysis is required to initiate a ubiquitin-transfer cascade to modify the import (co-)receptors. These receptors display a dual localization in the cytosol and at the peroxisomal membrane, whereas only the membrane bound fraction receives the ubiquitin modification. The second ATP-dependent process of the import cycle is carried out by the two AAA+-proteins Pex1p and Pex6p. These ATPases form a heterohexameric complex, which is recruited to the peroxisomal import machinery by the membrane anchor protein Pex15p. The Pex1p/Pex6p complex recognizes the ubiquitinated import receptors, pulls them out of the membrane and releases them into the cytosol. There the deubiquitinated receptors are provided for further rounds of import. ATP binding and hydrolysis are required for Pex1p/Pex6p complex formation and receptor export. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the peroxisomal import cascade. In particular, we will focus on the ATP-dependent processes, which are so far best understood in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Postural Preparation to Stepping: Coupled Center of Pressure Shifts in the Anterior-Posterior and Medio-Lateral Directions
Authors: Hansen Clint , LaRue Jacques , Do Manh-Cuong , Latash Mark L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We explored changes in the postural preparation to stepping introduced by modifications of the initial coordinates of the center of pressure (COP). We hypothesized that the postural adjustments in the anterior-posterior direction would persist across all initial COP manipulations while the adjustments in the medio-lateral direction would be highly sensitive to the initial COP coordinate. Healthy subjects stood on a force plate, shifted the body weight to one of the initial conditions that spanned the range of COP coordinates in both directions, and initiated a single step or started to walk. No major changes were observed between the stepping and walking conditions. Changes in the initial COP coordinate in the medio-lateral direction led to scaling of the magnitude of the COP shift in that direction prior to stepping accompanied by a nearly proportional change in the COP shift in the anterior-posterior direction. Changes in the initial COP coordinate in the anterior-posterior direction led to scaling of the magnitude of the COP shift in that direction prior to stepping without consistent changes in the COP shift in the medio-lateral direction. We interpret the results as reflecting a neural organization using a small set of referent body configurations for the postural adjustments.
Effects of Fatigue on Throwing Performance in Experienced Team Handball Players
Authors: Nuño Alberto , Chirosa Ignacio J. , van den Tillaar Roland , Guisado Rafael , Martín Ignacio , Martinez Isidoro , Chirosa Luis J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of central and peripheral physiological fatigue on throwing accuracy and ball release velocity in team handball. Twenty male subjects (age 24.7 ± 3.9 yrs, body mass 88.5 ± 5.0 kg, body height 1.86 ± 0.05 m, training experience 12.7 ± 3.8 yrs) from one handball team participated in this study. The participants completed four sets of eight laps of a circuit that consisted of specific team handball drills/exercises, with decreasing recovery times between the laps in each set in order to induce physiological fatigue. Duration of the recovery intervals determined the description of the effort made in each set: “light" (80 s recovery between laps), “moderate" (40 s), “hard" (20 s) and “very hard" (10 s). A heart rate, concentration of lactate in blood and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Ball velocity and accuracy were measured after each set and they both decreased during a fatigue protocol. However, accuracy only decreased significantly in the end of the protocol, while ball release was already affected after the first round of the protocol. The results substantiate the initial hypothesis and confirm that both throwing accuracy and ball release velocity decrease significantly as physiological fatigue increases. These variables began to decrease when the fatigue quantification values were high or very high. The findings can be used by coaches to develop training programs to teach players how to identify fatigue thresholds and combat the effects of fatigue through decision-making skills at critical game moments.
The Effects of Modifying the Distance of the Penalty Shot in Water Polo
Authors: Argudo Francisco Manuel , Ruiz-Barquín Roberto , José Borges Pablo 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of changing the distance of the penalty shot in water polo from 4 to 5 m. While a shorter distance made the penalty shot more effective, it also reduced the use of this sanction. A total of 192 matches played in the 2003 and 2007 Water Polo World Championships were recorded. The sample included 278 penalty shots in both tournaments. Notational analysis using a longitudinal correlational and descriptive design was employed to determine whether a longer distance increased the number of sanctioned penalties (81 vs 197) and caused a non-significant decrease in scoring efficiency (7.4%) with significant differences in the relationship between the area and the type of a shot, with less centre and power shots (14.8% vs 7.1%) observed and predominance of bounce shots to the right of the goal posts. The rule change prompted more penalties, produced changes in shot direction as well as the type of a shot, and yielded a decrement of 7.4% in scoring efficiency.
A Comparison of Physical Education Students’ Motivation Using Polish and Turkish Versions of the Academic Motivation Scale
Authors: Ardeńska Agnieszka , Tomik Rajmund , Berber Serkan , Düz Burak , Çivak Barış , Çalişkan Uğur , Ogrodnik Joanna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Motivation is an important phenomenon in the realm of education, particularly in the university fields connected with physical education and sport, where it is necessary to accommodate and balance intellectual abilities and physical fitness. The present study tested motivation levels among university students in the fields connected with physical education and sport in Poland and Turkey. It was based on the Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985), namely intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation which impact human behaviour. The Academic Motivation Scale was used (Vallerand et al., 1992). The aims of the study were twofold, first, to crossculturally validate Polish and Turkish versions of the Academic Motivation Scale and second, to identify and compare the motivation to study depending on nationality and gender. Both Polish and Turkish versions of the questionnaire were validated and converted to a four-factorial structure. The findings indicated that Polish and Turkish students’ motivation especially differed in amotivation and intrinsic motivation to know and experience stimulation. Moreover, Turkish female students proved to be at the lowest estimate of amotivation.
The Chronotype of Elite Athletes
Authors: Lastella Michele , Roach Gregory D. , Halson Shona L. , Sargent Charli 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The aims of this study were (i) to compare the chronotype distribution of elite athletes to a young adult population and (ii) to determine if there was a tendency for athletes to select and/or participate in sports which suited their chronotype. A total of 114 elite athletes from five sports (cricket, cycling, hockey, soccer and triathlon) participated in this study. The participants’ chronotype, sleepiness, sleep satisfaction and sleep quality were determined using the Horne and Östberg Morningness and Eveningness questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and questions concerning their sleep satisfaction and quality. All questionnaires were administered during a typical training phase that was not in the lead up to competition and/or post competition. No differences between chronotype group for sleepiness, sleep satisfaction or sleep quality were found. There was a significantly higher proportion of triathletes that were morning and intermediate types compared to the control group χ2 (2) = 7.5, p = 0.02. A significant relationship between sport and chronotype group (χ2(4)=15.9, p = 0.04) was observed, with a higher frequency of morning types involved in sports that required morning training. There was a clear indication that athletes tended to select and pursue sports that suited their chronotype. This was evident by the amount of morning types involved in morning sports. Given that athletes are more likely to pursue and excel in sports which suit their chronotype, it is recommended that coaches consider the athlete’s chronotype during selection processes or if possible design and implement changes to training schedules to either suit the athletes’ chronotype or the timing of an upcoming competition.
Soccer Players Cultural Capital and Its Impact on Migration
Authors: Križaj Jožef , Leskošek Bojan , Vodičar Janez , Topič Mojca Doupona 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify factors that constituted the cultural capital among soccer players. We assumed that in the increasingly globalized world of professional soccer, a player’s success would often depend on migrating and adjusting to life in other countries. Willingness to migrate and successful adjustment are tied to player’s previous attitudes and/or behaviours (habitus), significant support from others, including family members, and previous experiences and success in sports and education. Our hypothesised model of the cultural capital was based on the Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework. It consisted of 26 variables related to three sets of factors: soccer experiences, a family context and support, and educational achievements of the players and their parents. The model was tested using a sample of 79 current soccer coaches who also had been players at the elite level. A factor analysis was used to empirically verify the content of the hypothetical model of the soccer players’ cultural capital. Nine latent factors were extracted and together, they accounted for 55.01% of the total model variance. Individual factors obtained showed a sufficient level of substantial connection. The Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.77 confirmed the internal consistency of the operationalised variables in the hypothetical model. In addition, the impact of these aforementioned life dimensions on the migration of soccer players was studied. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that the first factor of the hypothetical model (F1) had 2.2 times and the second factor (F8) had 3.9 times higher odds for migration abroad. Sociocultural findings using this new assessment approach could help create better “success conditions” in the talent development of young players.
First record and phylogenetic position of Myotis indochinensis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from China
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun , Guo Weijian , Yu Wenhua , Csorba Gabor , Motokawa Masaharu , Li Fang , Zhang Qiuping , Zhang Changyou , Li Yuchun , Wu Yi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract, a recently described species from Vietnam, was previously confused with
The biocorona: a challenge for the biomedical application of nanoparticles
Authors: Shannahan Jonathan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFormation of the biocorona on the surface of nanoparticles is a significant obstacle for the development of safe and effective nanotechnologies, especially for nanoparticles with biomedical applications. Following introduction into a biological environment, nanoparticles are rapidly coated with biomolecules resulting in formation of the nanoparticle-biocorona. The addition of these biomolecules alters the nanoparticle’s physicochemical characteristics, functionality, biodistribution, and toxicity. To synthesize effective nanotherapeutics and to more fully understand possible toxicity following human exposures, it is necessary to elucidate these interactions between the nanoparticle and the biological media resulting in biocorona formation. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which the addition of the biocorona governs nanoparticle-cell interactions is also required. Through elucidating the formation and the biological impact of the biocorona, the field of nanotechnology can reach its full potential. This understanding of the biocorona will ultimately allow for more effective laboratory screening of nanoparticles and enhanced biomedical applications. The importance of the nanoparticle-biocorona has been appreciated for a decade; however, there remain numerous future directions for research which are necessary for study. This perspectives article will summarize the unique challenges presented by the nanoparticle-biocorona and avenues of future needed investigation.