bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifications aliénantes et radicalisme religieux
Authors: Hirsch Denis 
Published: December 2017

L’auteur traite des mécanismes intra-psychiques et inter-psychiques qui aliènent le moi inconscient dans le phénomène du terrorisme radical religieux. S’y intriquent nécessairement la psychologie individuelle et la psychologie collective, comme dans tous processus meurtriers à caractère totalitaire. Trois niveaux complémentaires d’aliénation et de « prise en otage » du moi inconscient sont repérés : Une régression du moi aliéné vers un moi-idéal vampirisé par une idole religieuse Une identification mélancolique au père déchu et un surmoi cruel « terroriste » qui mène à « l’attentat suicide » Une communauté de déni et de clivage qui scelle le pacte meurtrier et rend compte de la contagion de la radicalisation auprès des adolescents et jeunes adultes. Prenant en compte les modalités de défenses drastiques des adolescents en errance identitaire, l’auteur ouvre ensuite un débat sur l’origine fondamentale de toute violence terroriste radicale. Elle se situerait au carrefour entre une tentative désespérée de vérifier la survie de l’objet à la destructivité extrême et l’expression d’un masochisme de mort désintriqué. Le terrorisme intégriste religieux serait dès lors une figure contemporaine de la pulsion de mort. Le terrorisme religieux identitaire est aussi sous-tendu par les formes d’aliénation subjective et de malaise dans la culture contemporaine occidentale. Ce phénomène à haute contagiosité nous interroge sur la possible mélancolisation de nos sociétés hyper-moderne et néo-libérales.
Grozny : réinventer une « petite Union soviétique » dans le Caucase
Authors: Sperling Walter , Lefranc Alban 
Published: December 2017

L’article analyse les ambiguïtés de la vie quotidienne soviétique dans le Caucase, en explorant le pluralisme ethnique de la ville de Grozny, et les façons dont ce souvenir est mis en scène et convoqué dans la Russie postsoviétique. Grozny peut être vu comme une métaphore pour d’autres communautés postsoviétiques qui regardent la période de transformation des années 1990 comme une catastrophe. Pour la communauté multiethnique de Grozny, composée de Russes, de Tchétchènes, d’Arméniens ou de Juifs, la perte n’est pas qu’une métaphore, mais une expérience concrète liée à deux guerres désastreuses qui ont ravagé le Nord Caucase. La construction mémorielle de Grozny, « notre petite Union soviétique », comme la désigne la communauté transnationale des anciens habitants de la ville, peut être vue comme un effort pour restaurer une identité perdue et rétablir un réseau de relations détruit par la violence et la guerre.
High rates of bacterial vaginosis and Chlamydia in a low-income, high-population-density community in Cape Town
Authors: Lennard Katie S. , Dabee Smritee , Barnabas Shaun L. , Havyarimana Enock , Jaumdally Shameem Z. , Botha Gerrit , Mkhize Nonhlanhla N. , Bekker Linda-Gail , Gray Glenda , Mulder Nicola , Passmore Jo-Ann , Jaspan Heather B. 
Published: December 2017

Young South African women, from resource-poor communities, face several sexual and reproductive health challenges. Here we describe the vaginal microbiota and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence of 102; 16–22-year-old, HIV-negative South African women from a low-income, high-population-density community in Cape Town (CPT). Vaginal microbiota were profiled using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing; bacterial vaginosis (BV) status was established using Nugent scoring and STIs were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. STIs were common, with 55% of women having at least one STI; 41% were infected with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) and a further 28% with low-risk HPV; 44% were infected with Chlamydia, 16% of whom had at least one additional STI. Similarly, BV rates were very high, with 55% of women classified as BV-positive (Nugent score ≥7), 7% as BV-intermediate (Nugent score 3–6) and 38% as BV-negative (Nugent 0–2). Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae), the leading cause of neonatal sepsis, was present in 25% of BV-positive women and 28% of BV-negative women, and was significantly more abundant among BV-negative women. Both Chlamydia infection and BV may adversely affect reproductive health and place these women at additional risk for HIV acquisition. The high abundance of Prevotella amnii, in particular, may increase HIV risk, given its inflammatory capacity. Laboratory-based testing for STIs (Chlamydia and Gonorrhoeae in particular) appear to be warranted in this community, together with further monitoring or treatment of BV.Research correlation: This article is the original version, of which an Afrikaans translation was made available to provide access to a larger readership, available here: https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v36i1.1495
Improvement in Context: Exploring Aims, Improvement Priorities, and Environmental Considerations in a National Sample of Programs Using “Small Data”
Authors: Philibert Ingrid , Beernink John H. , Bush Barbara H. , Caniano Donna A. , Chow Andrea , Coyle John J. , Gilhooly Joseph , Kraybill Donald E. , Larson David , Moran Sarah , Nace Mary Catherine , Robertson William W. , Rubin Judith D. , Sanford Theodore 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn 2013, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) transitioned into a new accreditation system to reduce burden, focus on outcomes, and promote innovation and improvement. One component is a self-study that includes aims, an environmental assessment, and setting improvement priorities. The ACGME initiated voluntary site visits following the self-study.ObjectiveWe explored common themes in program aims and assessment of their environment.MethodsUsing grounded theory, inductive and deductive qualitative methods, and truth grounding, we analyzed data from voluntary site visits of 396 core and subspecialty programs between June 2015 and September 2017, with a focus on common themes.ResultsWe report common themes for aims and the dimensions of the environmental assessment. Themes for strengths include a collegial, supportive learning environment; responsive leaders; and experiences that prepare residents for unsupervised practice. Improvement priorities encompass low learner engagement and “content mismatch” in didactic education, balancing education and service at a time of growing clinical volumes, and improving the utility of assessment systems. Common opportunities encompass collaborations that improve education, involving alumni and harnessing technology to enrich education, while threats include an unsustainable effort for many program leaders, clinical pressures on faculty, and loss of external sites important for education. Linked dimensions of the environmental assessment suggest benefit in a growing focus on learners, and approaches to ensure a humanistic learning environment that allows for growth, self-determination, and inclusion.ConclusionsThe findings highlight actionable themes for the environmental assessment. We discuss implications for programs, institutions, and the ACGME.
Statistical Distribution of Roots of a Polynomial Modulo Primes III
Authors: Kitaoka Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2017

Let $f(x)=x^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\dots+a_0$ $(a_{n-1},\dots,a_0\in\mathbb Z)$ be a polynomial with complex roots $\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n$ and suppose that a linear relation over $\mathbb Q$ among $1,\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n$ is a multiple of $\sum_i\alpha_i+a_{n-1}=0$ only. For a prime number $p$ such that $f(x)\bmod p$ has $n$ distinct integer roots $0<r_1<\dots<r_n<p$, we proposed in a previous paper a conjecture that the sequence of points $(r_1/p,\dots,r_n/p)$ is equi-distributed in some sense. In this paper, we show that it implies the equi-distribution of the sequence of $r_1/p,\dots,r_n/p$ in the ordinary sense and give the expected density of primes satisfying $r_i/p<a$ for a fixed suffix $i$ and $0<a<1$.
Lucrècia Borja en la premsa espanyola de 1835 a 1875
Authors: Gomar Marc 
Published: December 2017

Resum: Entre 1835 i 1875 no hi ha mes on el drama o l’òpera Lucrècia Borja no estiga en cartell en alguna part d’Espanya. El periode analitzat comprén des de la seua estrena a la península fins a l’aparició de «Lucrecia Borgia, rehabilitada», un extens article sobre la biografia de Gregorovius en el primer número de la Revista contemporánea. Cal tenir en compte que, a la premsa de l’època és habitual retallar, copiar i enganxar amb el consegüent efecte multiplicador. Lucrècia Borja saltarà aviat de les crítiques teatrals i musicals a la secció de successos o a la crònica política, un mostra de la extraordinària popularitat aconseguida, això sí, des de la infàmia, com ocorrerà amb altres figures femenines poderoses que també són objecte de la ficció del XIX. Paraules clau: Lucrècia Borja, Huit-cents, premsa, dones poderoses, drama Abstract: In the period of time between 1835 and 1875, the opera (or play) Lucrezia Borgia was always running somewhere in Spain. In this research it has been considered the period of time between its first release in the Iberian Peninsula and the publication of «Lucrecia Borgia, rehabilitada». This text is a very long essay about Lucrecia’s biography, written by Gregorovius, which was published in the first issue of Revista contemporánea. It needs to be considered that it was usual for journalists in that period of time to reduce, copy and paste texts, which has a multiplier effect. Lucrezia Borgia play reached an extraordinary popularity, and so it began to appear in affairs and politics columns, as well as in theatre and musical reviews columns. The same happened in the nineteenth century to other fictional characters of powerful women. Keywords: Lucrezia Borja, 19th century, newspaper, powerful women, play
‘El Oeste en el Este’: hacia una historia de la Història de Jacob Xalabín
Authors: Kotsalás Lambros 
Published: December 2017

Resumen: Se trata de una anónima bajomedieval novela catalana de aventuras de trama por lo general oriental. En el subsuelo de dicha obra corre —como queda demonstrado a base de mi investigación del material fuente— la dramática historia de los últimos años de vida del llamado ‘condado’ de La Sola o Sálona catalano-bizantina en la región de Fócida o Fócide de Grecia central ante la invasión otomana (1394). Palabras clave: Història de Jacob Xalabín, mentalidades catalanes y aragonesas bajomedievales, Romania y La Sálona Abstract: An adventure romance of a mostly oriental setting written in Catalan by an anonymous author of the Late Middle Ages. As it is clear from my research carried out on the primary sources, under the surface of the literary work in question unfolds the drama of the very last years of the so-called ‘county’ of Catalan-Byzantine Sola, that is, Salona, in the central Greece region of Phocis before the ottoman invasion (1394) Keywords: Història de Jacob Xalabín, late medieval Catalan and Aragonese mentalities, Romania and Salona
Quantitative trait loci associated with soft wheat quality in a cross of good by moderate quality parents
Authors: Garcia-Santamaria Gioconda , Hua Duc , Sneller Clay 
Published: December 2017

Information on the genetic control of the quality traits of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is essential for breeding. Gluten strength is a measure of quality and has particular relevance to soft wheat as identity-preserved programs for strong-gluten soft red winter wheat in the eastern US that is essential to effective biscuit industry. Identifying areas of the soft wheat genome harboring genes for functional end-use quality may assist in selective breeding and in understanding the genetic components of this trait. Our objective was to identify Quantitative Trait Loci associated with end-use quality.
We developed 150 F4-derived lines from a cross of Pioneer 26R46 × SS550 and tested them in four environments. We measured flour yield (FY), softness equivalent (SE), test weight (TW), flour protein content (FP), alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC), and solvent retention capacity (SRC) of water (WA), lactic acid (LA), sucrose (SU), sodium carbonate (SO) SRCs. Analyses of variance for the ten quality parameters detected a significant difference between parental means for nine traits except for FP. Recombinant inbred lines presented transgressive segregation and high heritability (0.67 to 0.90) for all traits. Strong positive correlations between AWRC with WA, SO, SU and strong negative correlations of FY with AWRC and the SRC traits were observed. We report 28 marker-trait associations. Many QTL were coincident and in accordance with the trait correlations. There were 10 marker-trait associations from four regions for these traits and only one was not coincident with another.
We detected QTL distributed on 8 chromosomes. Loci associated with FP mapped on chromosomes 2B, 5A and 5D explained 16 %, 10 % and 12.9 % of the variation for this trait, respectively. QTLs on chromosome 2B co-segregated for SE. SE was negatively correlated (-0.26) with FP. A positive significant correlation between FP and LA (0.36) was detected, yet; the QTL for these two traits were not coincident in this study. The QTL with the greatest effects were located on chromosome 1A, 1B, and 6B with each affecting at least five of ten quality traits. In particular, QTL with the largest effect on LA and consequently gluten strength were on chromosomes 1A with LOD 9 that explained 42.6 % of LA variation and QTLs on chromosome 1B with LOD 9 that explained 33 % of the variation in LA. Loci on chromosomes 1A and 1B were also important contributors of additive effects for this trait with an increase of 6.5 % and 5.6 %, respectively. The largest QTL on 1A co-segregated for AWRC (25 %), SO (26 %) and SE (25 %), and FY (15 %) may explicate why Pioneer 26R46 has such superior quality. All alleles that increased a trait came from the parent with the highest trait value. This suggests that in any population that marker-assisted selection for these quality traits could be conducted by simply selecting for the alleles from the parent with the best phenotype.
New Combinations of Organic Azides and Adjacent Functional Groups
Authors: Banert Klaus 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe rapid decay of organic azides with loss of dinitrogen is a very exothermic process and is the reason for the explosive properties of these compounds, which have to be handled carefully if the molecular mass is low. On the other hand, controlled liberation of dinitrogen from azides facilitates the generation of high‐energy intermediates, such as nitrenes, carbenes, strained heterocycles, and many others, that lead to highly valuable products via a diversity of secondary reactions. However, the transformations of organic azides prove to be very important and manifold, even without the loss of dinitrogen. The variety of the succeeding reactions can be further increased when azides with an adjacent functional group are utilized as substrates. Such compounds, for example, polyazidomethanes, geminal azido alcohols, or ethynyl azides, show quite different reactivities when compared with those of simple azides or azides with remote additional functionalities. In several cases, surprising products are thus formed, and the unusual reactivity can also explain why some of these title compounds turned out to be short‐lived intermediates, which were discovered only recently.
Computational Modeling of Forming Processes
Authors: Perić D. , Owen D. R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses some of the relevant computational strategies that permit the simulation of industrial scale forming processes within realistic time frames and computational resources. The need for rigorous consideration of both theoretical and algorithmic issues is emphasized, particularly in relation to the computational treatment of finite strain elastoplastic (viscoplastic) deformation, the modeling of frictional contact conditions and element technology capable of dealing with plastic incompressibility. Practically important aspects such as adaptive mesh refinement procedures are discussed and attention is given to choice of appropriate error indicators for inelastic materials and the transfer of solution parameters between successive meshes. The role of explicit solution techniques in the simulation of large‐scale forming processes is also discussed.
Computational Biomechanics of Soft Biological Tissues: Arterial Walls, Hearts Walls, and Ligaments
Authors: Holzapfel Gerhard A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractComputational biomechanics of soft biological tissue is increasing our ability to address multi‐disciplinary problems of academic, industrial, and clinical importance. This chapter reviews parts of our current knowledge of the biomechanics of soft biological tissue such as the arterial wall, the heart wall with the heart valves, and the ligament, as well as some of the available computational methods used to analyze them. The inherent complexities of the biological microstructure and functions of the respective soft tissue are partly reviewed briefly, research effort related to the constitutive modeling is catalogued, and a representative constitutive model for each considered soft tissue is discussed in more detail. An account of residual stresses and biological processes such as growth and remodeling is provided. Finally, a few three‐dimensional finite element models, which attempt to explain the integrated function of the respective soft tissue in terms of geometry, structure, and material properties are emphasized.
Explicit Finite Element Methods for Large Deformation Problems in Solid Mechanics
Authors: Benson David J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExplicit finite methods are often the best choice for solving large deformation, high strain rate problems in solids mechanics. They are simple to implement, robust, efficient, and scale well on massively parallel computers. Their commercial applications include simulations of automobile crashes to the more prosaic drop testing of cell phones. This chapter presents an introduction of explicit finite element methods with an emphasis on the topics that distinguish the explicit formulation from the more traditional implicit one, including stable time step size estimation, energy conservation, shock viscosities, zero energy modes, and stress rotations.
Isogeometric Analysis: Representation of Geometry
Authors: Haberleitner Michael , Jüttler Bert , Scott Michael A. , Thomas Derek C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter provides a review of analysis‐suitable geometric descriptions and approaches commonly used in the context of isogeometric analysis (IGA). A primary focus is on NURBS (nonuniform rational B‐splines), T‐splines, and hierarchical B‐splines. The integration of analysis‐suitable geometry and IGA using Bézier extraction is covered, as well as several emerging approaches to isogeometric mesh generation, adaptivity, and domain parameterization.
Computing with Rotations: Algorithms and Applications
Authors: Romero Ignacio , Arnold Martin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRotations play a fundamental role in many theories of classical, structural, continuum, and computational mechanics. Their mathematical and computational treatment is delicate because they do not possess the structure of a vector space but, instead, that of a Lie group. For this reason, many of the operations that are often carried out in a straightforward manner in linear spaces have to be re‐examined. In this chapter, we describe the fundamental aspects that need to be dealt with when employing rotations in numerical methods, namely their parameterization, update, interpolation, and linearization of functions on rotations. Additionally, two key applications are presented: the integration of the rigid body equations, and the approximation of the equations of geometrically exact rods.
Effect of Fluorinated Anion on the Physicochemical, Rheological and Solvatochromic Properties of Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Sharma Gyanendra , Singh Dharmendra , Gardas Ramesh L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe essential properties of ionic liquids (ILs) for various applications can be tuned by changing the combination of cations or anions in ILs. This work demonstrates how the structure variations effect the physicochemical, rheological and solvatochromic properties of protic and aprotic ionic liquids. For this, a set of four ionic liquids have been synthesized and characterized through spectral techniques. Thermal stability and phase behaviour of ILs have been analyzed by TGA and DSC. The experimental density, speed of sound and viscosity have been measured as a function of temperature from 293.15 to 343.15 K and an attempt has been made to distinguish the crucial role of counter ions on measured properties. Further, the fluidity and polarity behaviour of hydroxyl ammonium based protic or 1‐alkyl‐1,2,4‐triazolium based aprotic cation and fluorinated anions were investigated through their rheological and polarity parameters at 298.15 K and discussion have been made on the basis of columbic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Interestingly, we found that anions have dominant effect on studied physicochemical properties irrespective of protic/aprotic nature of ionic liquid while the contribution of cations were vital for solvatochromic and rheological properties. Additionally, the ion‐pair interaction energy, dipole moment and hydrogen bonding interactions of studied ILs have been analysed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to support the experimental findings.
Understanding childhood diabetes mellitus: new pathophysiological aspects
Authors: Grulich‐Henn Juergen , Klose Daniela 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is not a single disease, but several pathophysiological conditions where synthesis, release, and/or action of insulin are disturbed. A progressive autoimmune/autoinflammatory destruction of islet cells is still considered the main pathophysiological event in the development of T1DM, but there is evidence that T1DM itself is a heterogeneous disease. More than 50 gene regions are closely associated with T1DM and a variety of epigenetic factors and metabolic patterns have been characterized, which may play a role in the development of T1DM. The pathogenesis and genetics of type 2 DM (T2DM) are distinct from T1DM. Genes associated with T2DM are distinct from those in T1DM. Characteristic metabolic patterns, different from those in T1DM were reported in T2DM, and some children with T2DM also express islet‐antibodies. Huge progress has been made in the characterization of other specific types of DM, which had been considered very rare before. The molecular clarification of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has greatly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of DM. There are genetic overlaps between T2DM and monogenetic DM. Neonatal DM has been shown to be monogenetic in most cases, and genetic elucidation leads to more precise and individualized therapies. Cystic fibrosis related DM (CFRDM) should be considered a genuine part of cystic fibrosis, and not a complication, since pancreatic fibrosis does not sufficiently explain the pathophysiology of CFRDM. Disturbances of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) as well as autoimmunity are involved in the pathogenesis of CFRDM.