bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐State Actors and the New Intergovernmentalism
Authors: Baird Theodore 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis research note responds to recent debates about new intergovernmentalism and argues that the hypotheses of Bickerton, Hodson and Puetter overlook the roles non‐state actors play in the integration process. It intends to open up a debate about private power and the new intergovernmentalism, demonstrating that the concentration of powers of national governments has proceeded alongside the concentration of powers of transnational business interests in Europe. The note draws on the example of the civil security industry and Justice and Home Affairs policies in order to modify the six hypotheses of new intergovernmentalism.
Comparison of grain to grain orientation and stiffness mapping by spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy and EBSD
Authors: MARK A.F. , LI W. , SHARPLES S. , WITHERS P.J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryOur aim was to establish the capability of spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy (SRAS) to map grain orientations and the anisotropy in stiffness at the sub‐mm to micron scale by comparing the method with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) undertaken within a scanning electron microscope. In the former the grain orientations are deduced by measuring the spatial variation in elastic modulus; conversely, in EBSD the elastic anisotropy is deduced from direct measurements of the crystal orientations. The two test‐cases comprise mapping the fusion zones for large TIG and MMA welds in thick power plant austenitic and ferritic steels, respectively; these are technologically important because, among other things, elastic anisotropy can cause ultrasonic weld inspection methods to become inaccurate because it causes bending in the paths of sound waves. The spatial resolution of SRAS is not as good as that for EBSD (∼100 m vs. ∼a few nm), nor is the angular resolution (∼1.5° vs. ∼0.5°). However the method can be applied to much larger areas (currently on the order of 300 mm square), is much faster (∼5 times), is cheaper and easier to perform, and it could be undertaken on the manufacturing floor. Given these advantages, particularly to industrial users, and the on‐going improvements to the method, SRAS has the potential to become a standard method for orientation mapping, particularly in cases where the elastic anisotropy is important over macroscopic/component length scales.
Progressive resistance‐loaded voluntary wheel running increases hypertrophy and differentially affects muscle protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and proteolytic markers in rat muscle
Authors: Mobley C. B. , Holland A. M. , Kephart W. C. , Mumford P. W. , Lowery R. P. , Kavazis A. N. , Wilson J. M. , Roberts M. D. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe examined if 6 weeks of progressive resistance‐loaded voluntary wheel running in rats induced plantaris, soleus, and/or gastrocnemius hypertrophy and/or affected markers of translational efficiency, ribosome biogenesis, and markers of proteolysis. For 6 weeks, 8 male Sprague‐Dawley rats (~9–10 weeks of age, ~300–325 g) rats were assigned to the progressive resistance‐loaded voluntary wheel running model (EX), and ten rats were not trained (SED). For EX rats, the wheel‐loading paradigm was as follows – days 1–7: free‐wheel resistance, days 8–15: wheel resistance set to 20%–25% body mass, days 16–24: 40% body mass, days 25–32: 60% body mass, days 33–42: 40% body mass. Following the intervention, muscles were analysed for markers of translational efficiency, ribosome biogenesis, and muscle proteolysis. Raw gastrocnemius mass (+13%, p < .01), relative (body mass‐corrected) gastrocnemius mass (+16%, p < .001), raw plantaris mass (+13%, p < .05), and relative plantaris mass (+15%, p < .01) were greater in EX vs. SED rats. In spite of gastrocnemius hypertrophy, EX animals presented a 54% decrease in basal muscle protein synthesis levels (p < .01), a 125% increase in pan 4EBP1 levels (p < .001) and a 31% decrease in pan eIF4E levels (p < .05). However, in relation to SED animals, EX animals presented a 70% increase in gastrocnemius c‐Myc protein levels (p < .05). Most markers of translational efficiency and ribosome biogenesis were not altered in the plantaris or soleus muscles of EX vs. SED animals. Gastrocnemius F‐box protein 32 and poly‐ubiquinated protein levels were approximately 150% and 200% greater in SED vs. EX rats (p < .001). These data suggest that the employed resistance training model increases hind limb muscle hypertrophy, and this may be mainly facilitated through reductions in skeletal muscle proteolysis, rather than alterations in ribosome biogenesis or translational efficiency.
Subjective Social Status in Transitioning China: Trends and Determinants
Authors: Chen Yunsong , Williams Mark 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThis study provides the first representative portrait of temporal trends in subjective social status (SSS) in China. SSS has been shown to be important for health and well‐being outcomes, yet little is known how its determinants change over time.MethodsUsing data from 10 nationally representative survey waves, 2003 to 2012 (N = 80,141), we examine descriptive and multivariate trends. Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition is used to decompose changes in determinants in mean SSS over time.Results and ConclusionResults demonstrate that (1) average SSS has risen over time, yet there is an enduring tendency for the Chinese to place themselves in lowest levels in the social hierarchy; (2) objective socioeconomic variables such as income explain much of the rise in average SSS; (3) yet the strength of the relationship between socioeconomic variables predicting SSS has been weakening over time. This article adds to our understanding of the determinants of SSS in contexts undergoing transition.
Trajectories of urinary incontinence in childhood and bladder and bowel symptoms in adolescence: prospective cohort study
Authors: Heron Jon , Grzeda Mariusz T , von Gontard Alexander , Wright Anne , Joinson Carol 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo identify different patterns (trajectories) of childhood urinary incontinence and examine which patterns are associated with bladder and bowel symptoms in adolescence.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsThe starting sample included 8751 children (4507 men and 4244 women) with parent-reported data on frequency of bedwetting and daytime wetting for at least three of five time points (4½, 5½, 6½, 7½ and 9½ years—hereafter referred to as 4–9 years). Study children provided data on a range of bladder and bowel symptoms at age 14 (data available for 5899 participants).Outcome measuresSelf-reported bladder and bowel symptoms at 14 years including daytime wetting, bedwetting, nocturia, urgency, frequent urination, low voided volume, voiding postponement, passing hard stools and low stool frequency.ResultsWe extracted 5 trajectories of urinary incontinence from 4 to 9 years using longitudinal latent class analysis: (1) normative development of daytime and night-time bladder control (63.0% of the sample), (2) delayed attainment of bladder control (8.6%), (3) bedwetting alone (no daytime wetting) (15.6%), (4) daytime wetting alone (no bedwetting) (5.8%) and (5) persistent wetting (bedwetting with daytime wetting to age 9) (7.0%). The persistent wetting class generally showed the strongest associations with the adolescent bladder and bowel symptoms: OR for bedwetting at 14 years=23.5, 95% CI (15.1 to 36.5), daytime wetting (6.98 (4.50 to 10.8)), nocturia (2.39 (1.79 to 3.20)), urgency (2.10 (1.44 to 3.07)) and passing hard stools (2.64 (1.63 to 4.27)) (reference category=normative development). The association with adolescent bedwetting was weaker for children with bedwetting alone (3.69 (2.21 to 6.17)).ConclusionsTrajectories of childhood urinary incontinence are differentially associated with adolescent bladder and bowel symptoms. Children exhibiting persistent bedwetting with daytime wetting had the poorest outcomes in adolescence.
Impact of Substrate Modification by Catheter Ablation on Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillator Interventions in Patients With Unstable Ventricular Arrhythmias and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kuck Karl-Heinz , Tilz Roland Richard , Deneke Thomas , Hoffmann Boris A. , Ventura Rodolfo , Hansen Peter Steen , Zarse Markus , Hohnloser Stefan H. , Kautzner Josef , Willems Stephan 
Published: March 2017

Background—
The implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) is the standard therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease and unstable ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The prospective multinational SMS (Substrate Modification Study) was designed to assess whether prophylactic ablation of the arrhythmogenic substrate reduces or prevents the recurrence of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in such patients.

Methods and Results—

Of 111 patients included in an intention-to-treat analysis, 54 were randomly assigned catheter ablation plus ICD implantation (ablation group: 68±8 years; 47 men), whereas 57 were assigned ICD implantation without catheter ablation (ICD-only group: 66±8 years; 46 men). Primary study end point was the time to first recurrence of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. ICD episodes were assessed and verified by an independent board. Patients were followed up for 2.3±1.1 years. The primary end point was reached by 25 ablation patients and 26 ICD-only patients. Two-year event-free survival was estimated at 49.0% (95% confidence interval, 33.3%–62.9%) in the former and 52.4% (36.7%–65.9%) in the latter groups. Comparison of episode incidence revealed no significant difference in the primary end point (
P
=0.84). In an Andersen–Gill regression model with multiple end point recurrences, the difference between the study arms significantly favored catheter ablation for both the primary end point and all but one of the predefined subgroups of detected arrhythmia events.

Conclusions—
SMS failed to meet the primary end point of time to first ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation recurrence. However, catheter ablation did reduce the total number of ICD interventions during the duration of follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration—

https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00170287.
Missional Conversion and Transformation in the Context of the Korean Protestant Church
Authors: Choi Hyung Keun 
Published: March 2017

The concept of the missional church has been increasingly spread among the Korean Protestant churches and especially to those who are deeply concerned about the true nature of church and mission in the midst of the critical situation faced by the Korean Church. This article articulates the doctrine of the Trinity in relation to the concept of missio Dei. In terms of dealing with conversion and transformation of the church, it explains the understanding of the church and mission of the Korean Church that tends to be inclined to reduce salvation. In this sense, the Korean Church needs radical conversion and transformation to missio Dei. This article suggests some key factors of the Korean missional church movement: authentic worship, community and discipleship. It also explores various aspects and streams of the missional church movement in the Korean Church as it participates in the life of neighbors. It suggests ways in which the Korean Church can rediscover the nature of the church through authentic conversion and transformation to become the people of God who are called and sent into the world by the triune God.
在韩国教会面临关键的形势时，宣教教会这样的概念已在基督教教会， 特别是那些关注教会及宣教真义的群体中，越来越传播开。 本文论述有关 missio Dei 的三一论。关于教会的转化这个课题，本文对韩国教会的宣教和教会的理解进行解读，韩国教会对此的理解往往减低为救恩而已，从这个层面来说，韩国教会需要对 missio Dei 有根本的转化。本文提出韩国宣教教会运动的一些主要因素：包括本真的敬拜，群体，与作门徒，并发掘宣教教会运动因参与邻舍生活而产生出的各个方面及支流，而且提出了一些建议，以致韩国教会能透过 本真的转化重新发现教会的本质， 成为真正被三一神呼召并差派的神的子民。
El concepto de una iglesia misionera se ha extendido cada vez más entre las iglesias protestantes coreanas y especialmente en aquellas profundamente preocupadas por la verdadera naturaleza de la iglesia y de la misión en medio de la situación crítica que enfrenta la iglesia coreana.
Este artículo desarrolla el tema de la doctrina de la Trinidad en relación al concepto de missio Dei. Al tratar sobre la conversión y la transformación de la iglesia, el autor explica la comprensión que tiene la iglesia coreana sobre iglesia y misión que tiende a reducir el concepto de salvación. En este sentido, la iglesia coreana necesita una conversión radical y una transformación al missio Dei. Este artículo menciona algunos factores clave del movimiento de la iglesia misionera coreana: la adoración auténtica, la comunidad y el discipulado. También explora varios aspectos y corrientes del movimiento de la iglesia misional en la Iglesia coreana, al participar en la vida de sus prójimos. Sugiere maneras en las que la iglesia coreana puede redescubrir la naturaleza de la iglesia a través de una conversión auténtica y una transformación para convertirse en el pueblo de Dios que son llamados y enviados al mundo por el trino Dios.
This article is in English.
Al-Jazari’s Water Clocks
Authors: Yassi Yousef 
Published: March 2017

The water clocks of the 12th-century Islamic scientist Ismail Al-Jazari may be regarded as among the most outstanding engineering masterpieces in the history of science and technology in Persia. His other works testify to his remarkable ability in design methodology and in different aspects of mechanical engineering design and manufacture such as robotics, fluid mechanics, strength of materials, and statics. In this study in experimental archaeology two of his water clocks – namely the dragon clock and the peacock clock – were considered for the purposes of making working reconstructions. The historical background, design details, and a technical and comparative analysis of these inventions are presented here. Replicas were constructed in accordance with the indications provided in Al-Jazari’s A Compendium on the Theory and Practice of the Mechanical Arts and tests have shown that both clocks operated exactly as described in his book, and with an acceptable degree of precision.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: New applications of Schrödinger type inequalities to the existence and uniqueness of Schrödingerean equilibrium
Authors: Wang Jianjie , Roncalver Hugo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs new applications of Schrödinger type inequalities appearing in Jiang (J. Inequal. Appl. 2016:247, 2016), we first investigate the existence and uniqueness of a Schrödingerean equilibrium. Next we propose a tritrophic Hastings-Powell model with two different Schrödingerean time delays. Finally, the stability and direction of the Schrödingerean Hopf bifurcation are also investigated by using the center manifold theorem and normal form theorem.
An investigation into users’ considerations towards using password managers
Authors: Fagan Michael , Albayram Yusuf , Khan Mohammad Maifi Hasan , Buck Ross 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPassword managers, though commonly recommended by security experts, are still not used by many users. Understanding why some choose to use password managers while others do not is important towards generally understanding why some users do what they do and, by extension, designing motivational tools such as video tutorials to help motivate more to use password managers. To investigate differences between those who do and do not use a password manager, for this paper, we distributed an online survey to a total of 137 users and 111 non-users of the tool that asked about their opinions/experiences with password managers. Furthermore, since emotion has been identified by work in psychology and communications as influential in other risk-laden decision-making (e.g., safe-sex behavior such as condom use), we asked participants who use a password manager to rate how they feel for 45 different emotions, or, as the case for those who do not use a password manager, to rate how they imagine they would feel the 45 emotions if they did use the tool. Our results show that “users” of password managers noted convenience and usefulness as the main reasons behind using the tool, rather than security gains, underscoring the fact that even a large portion of users of the tool are not considering security as the primary benefit while making the decision. On the other hand, “non-users” noted security concerns as the main reason for not using a password manager, highlighting the prevalence of suspicion arising from lack of understanding of the technology itself. Finally, analysis of the differences in emotions between “users” and “non-users” reveals that participants who never use a password manager are more likely to feel suspicious compared to “users,” which could be due to misunderstandings about the tool.
Malignancy-Related Hypercalcemia in Advanced Solid Tumors: Survival Outcomes
Authors: Ramos Ricardo Emanuel de Oliveira , Perez Mak Milena , Alves Michel Fabiano Silva , Piotto Gustavo Henrique Munhoz , Takahashi Tiago Kenji , Gomes da Fonseca Leonardo , Silvino Marina Cavalcanti Maroja , Hoff Paulo Marcelo , de Castro Gilberto 
Published: March 2017

Purpose Malignancy-related hypercalcemia (MRH) is associated with a dismal prognosis. The widespread use of bisphosphonates (BPs), availability of more effective drugs in cancer treatment, and improvement in supportive care might have attenuated its impact. Patients and Methods To assess overall survival (OS) of patients with MRH in a contemporary setting, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 306 patients with solid cancer hospitalized for symptomatic hypercalcemia. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to evaluate possible prognostic factors associated with MRH. Results All patients had serum ionized calcium > 5.5 mg/dL or total Ca > 10.5 mg/dL. Median age was 57 years, and the majority had squamous cell carcinoma (62%) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status > 1 (96%). Head and neck was the most frequent primary site (28%). Forty-five percent had no previous chemotherapy (CT), and subsequent CT was administered to 32%. Eighty-three percent received BP with no survival gain. Median OS was 40 (95% CI, 33 to 47) days. Patients with a performance status > 2, altered mental status, C-reactive protein > 30 mg/L, albumin < 2.5 g/dL, or body mass index < 18 kg/m2 had significantly poorer survival in a univariable analysis, and longer OS was related to treatment-naive patients, subsequent CT, and breast primary site. In the multivariable analysis, subsequent CT led to a median OS improvement of 144 versus 25 days (hazard ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.40; P < .001). Conclusion In a contemporary setting, MRH remains a marker of poor prognosis. Patients treated with CT had better survival, which suggests that appropriate treatment of selected patients might alter the course of this syndrome.
Treaties over Time and Human Rights: A Case Law Analysis of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: Arévalo Narváez Carlos Enrique , Patarroyo Ramírez Paola Andrea 
Published: March 2017

This paper analyzes the issue of treaties over time and the interpretations of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in this context. Parts 1 and 2 introduce the elements of treaty interpretation in general international law, providing criteria for the application of the evolutionary approach to treaty interpretation, the debate between the application of evolutive interpretation and the use of subsequent conduct. Part 3 addresses the issue of fragmentation in international human rights law, and through the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, provides evidence for the application of the rules of general international law to interpret the American Convention on Human Rights. Finally, conclusions are extracted on the basis of the case law analyzed, contrasting the Court’s application of the American Convention over time, the conclusions of the International Law Commission Reports on the Fragmentation of International Law in 2008, and the preliminary conclusions of the Study Group on Subsequent Agreements and Subsequent Practice concerning treaty interpretation and the issue of the passage of time.
The role of isolated polyethylene exchange in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Pang Hee-Nee , Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah Bin , Petis Stephen , Naudie Douglas D. R. , MacDonald Steven J. 
Published: March 2017

The use of modular total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants allows surgeons to perform isolated tibial polyethylene insert exchange (IPE) while retaining well-fixed and stable components. The purported advantages of IPE include preservation of bone stock, shorter operating time, less blood loss, faster rehabilitation and lower cost. However, the indications for IPE are limited. IPE for wear and osteolysis has moderate success in the medium term but should be avoided in cases of accelerated wear. In selected cases, debridement and IPE for early infection can result in low morbidity with high success rates in the short term. IPE for arthrofibrosis has poor results. IPE should be undertaken with caution and an institutional algorithm should be followed. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:66–71 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160049
‘I don’t wanna walk around with you’: Routes, roots and composing the grrrl geography of rebellion in Stephanie Kuehnert’s I Wanna Be Your Joey Ramone
Authors: Sormus Megan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Since riot grrrl’s arrival onto the 1990s’ subcultural scene, there have been numerous scholarly investigations pertaining to young women and punk subcultures. However, the influence of riot grrrl on contemporary fiction, written by female authors who have experienced the transgressive energy of riot grrrl first-hand, remains under-analysed. This article examines Stephanie Kuehnert’s I Wanna Be Your Joey Ramone to expose how Kuehnert incorporates her own love for music, the experience of her small-town upbringing, and her fervour for the DIY ethos of punk into fiction that aims to speak to the discerning and discursive grrrl. Through addressing what is often rejected in conventional young adult (YA) fiction, I Wanna Be Your Joey Ramone builds ideas of a rebellious grrrl geography that explores the remapping of specific gendered spaces. Emily, the young female protagonist of the novel, is transported from the confined boredom of her bedroom as she puts her fantasies into practice and forms a punk band. With this, she carves out a ‘public’ space from which to exhibit her creative agency as a punk rock star. This article argues that through contemporary text, the transgressive objectives of riot grrrl are not merely objects of nostalgia. Instead, it concludes to suggest that Kuehnert’s novel gives riot grrrl a contemporary resonance. Thus, I Wanna Be Your Joey Ramone plays out notions of how the young woman can still use music to, in a sense, pull her own strings, master her destiny and ultimately become instrumental in composing her creative agency and maintain her political impact.