bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Zealand's ecosystem approach to fisheries management
Authors: Cryer Martin , Mace Pamela M. , Sullivan Kevin J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn 1986, New Zealand introduced a radical new quota management system (QMS) based on individual transferable quotas (ITQ) for most of its key fisheries. New Zealand's QMS focuses primarily on the management of individual fish stocks through the setting of total allowable catches (TAC) and total allowable commercial catches (TACC, allocated as ITQ) and is therefore essentially a single species‐focussed system. However, New Zealand's Fisheries Act 1996 is designed to ‘provide for utilisation while ensuring sustainability’ and the obligation to ensure sustainability has led to the introduction of many measures to deal with: incidental captures of protected species (primarily marine mammals and seabirds); benthic effects caused by bottom trawl and dredge gear; changes to marine biodiversity; and the protection of habitats of particular significance for fisheries management. Together with directed fish stock management, these measures could be considered to constitute a first‐level ecosystem approach to fisheries management. Many authors have advocated incremental or evolutionary approaches to the implementation of ecosystem approaches, and this paper summarizes developments in New Zealand since 1986 that build on the success of the QMS in this way.
Setting objectives for evaluating management adaptation actions to address climate change impacts in south‐eastern Australian fisheries
Authors: Jennings Sarah , Pascoe Sean , Hall‐Aspland Sophie , Le Bouhellec Bastien , Norman‐Lopez Ana , Sullivan Andrew , Pecl Gretta 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnder likely climate change scenarios, changes to fisheries assessment, monitoring, management and governance, intended to reduce negative impacts and seize opportunities to improve performance, will form an important part of climate change adaptation responses for fisheries. Comprehensively and consistently assessing possible management adaptation options requires a clear definition of a multi‐criteria evaluation framework incorporating information about the relative importance of often competing criteria or objectives. Such a framework is often missing from climate change adaptation evaluation, with adaptation priorities and plans often developed without direct reference to the key objectives of management. We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to develop a weighted hierarchy of objectives in four south‐eastern Australian fisheries. The developed hierarchy included fisheries management objectives routinely articulated in policy and management documents, those that may underpin effective adaptation and adaptation planning, and objectives likely to contribute to ongoing adaptive capacity and resilience of fisheries and associated communities. Results of an interactive survey of managers, researchers and commercial and recreational fishers yielded average weightings of objectives that were quite consistent across the four fisheries, with a very strong preference for ensuring that adaptations support environmental and ecological values, particularly through sustaining the harvested population. However, differences between stakeholder groups were more marked, with economic objectives considered more important by commercial fishers, and social objectives by recreational fishers, than by other groups. This suggests the possibility of conflicts between groups when determining appropriate adaptation strategies, as alternative strategies will have different economic and social outcomes even if achieving comparable environmental outcomes.
The predictive skill of species distribution models for plankton in a changing climate
Authors: Brun Philipp , Kiørboe Thomas , Licandro Priscilla , Payne Mark R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStatistical species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly used to project spatial relocations of marine taxa under future climate change scenarios. However, tests of their predictive skill in the real‐world are rare. Here, we use data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder program, one of the longest running and most extensive marine biological monitoring programs, to investigate the reliability of predicted plankton distributions. We apply three commonly used SDMs to 20 representative plankton species, including copepods, diatoms, and dinoflagellates, all found in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas. We fit the models to decadal subsets of the full (1958–2012) dataset, and then use them to predict both forward and backward in time, comparing the model predictions against the corresponding observations. The probability of correctly predicting presence was low, peaking at 0.5 for copepods, and model skill typically did not outperform a null model assuming distributions to be constant in time. The predicted prevalence increasingly differed from the observed prevalence for predictions with more distance in time from their training dataset. More detailed investigations based on four focal species revealed that strong spatial variations in skill exist, with the least skill at the edges of the distributions, where prevalence is lowest. Furthermore, the scores of traditional single‐value model performance metrics were contrasting and some implied overoptimistic conclusions about model skill. Plankton may be particularly challenging to model, due to its short life span and the dispersive effects of constant water movements on all spatial scales, however there are few other studies against which to compare these results. We conclude that rigorous model validation, including comparison against null models, is essential to assess the robustness of projections of marine planktonic species under climate change.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to benign lesions
Authors: Cho Kyung Rae , Lee Min Ho , Im Yong Seok , Kong Doo‐Sik , Seol Ho Jun , Nam Do‐Hyun , Lee Jung‐Il 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundInvestigate the clinical outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in patients with benign intracranial lesions and accompanying trigeminal neuralgia (TN).MethodsFrom February 2002 to November 2011, 50 patients (11 males, 39 females) underwent GKS for intracranial lesions accompanied by TN. Pathological diagnoses included meningioma in 30 patients, vestibular schwannoma in 11, trigeminal schwannoma in 7, epidermoid cyst in 1, and arteriovenous malformation in 1. Twenty‐two (44%) had a lesion dominantly located in the middle fossa and 26 patients (52%) in the posterior fossa. Twenty‐five (50%) patients complained of type I pain, and 18 patients (36%) suffered from type II pain. The other 7 patients (14%) presented with facial pain that could not be determined. Pain was assessed retrospectively by subjective descriptions and with the Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity score before and after GKS.ResultsTumor control was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging in 44 (95.7%) of 46 patients over a median follow‐up period of 54.8 months (range, 13–142 months). Initial improvement in pain after GKS was observed in 46 (92%) patients. The percentage of patients with improved Barrow Neurological Institute score was 73.5% at 1 year, 70.7% at 2 years, and 76.5% at 3 years. Complete pain relief at the final follow‐up was achieved in 18 patients (36%). Pain recurred in 13 patients (28.3%) after initial improvement. Pathological diagnosis, location of the lesion, and type of facial pain did not influence the initial pain response after GKS. Pain recurred more frequently in patients with meningioma than in those with schwannoma (P = .045). Type II pain showed better response to the treatment (P = .006).ConclusionThe majority of patients with facial pain secondary to a benign intracranial lesion showed improvement after GKS. However, a substantial proportion of the patients experienced incomplete pain relief and recurrence. GKS needs to be combined with an additional modality or the technique must be modified to achieve complete and durable pain control.
Rheological and sensory properties of fish gelatin gels as influenced by agar from Gracilaria tenuistipitata
Authors: Sinthusamran Sittichoke , Benjakul Soottawat , Hemar Yacine 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAgar extracted from Gracilaria tenuistipitata and commercial agars were incorporated into fish gelatin at various levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% gelatin substitution). G. tenuistipitata agar (GA) had lower failure stress (~16 kPa) than commercial agar (CA) (~20 kPa). However, the former showed higher failure strain (~30%) with lower melting temperature (65.9 °C). The critical linear stress and failure stress of agar/gelatin mixed gels increased with increasing agar levels (P < 0.05). At 15 and 20% of agar used, the mixed gels containing CA exhibited higher failure stress than those with added GA (P < 0.05). Two melting points of agar/gelatin mixed gels were observed, corresponding to the melting temperatures of gelatin and agar gels. Nevertheless, the incorporation of agar lowered the likeness score of gelatin gel. Thus, both GA and CA had the impact on rheological property and the selected sensory characteristics of fish gelatin, depending on the level of substitution.
A nurse‐driven process for timely removal of urinary catheters
Authors: Yatim Juriyah , Wong Kok‐Seng , Ling Moi‐Lin , Tan Siok‐Bee , Tan Kwee‐Yuen , Hockenberry Marilyn 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTCatheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) comprises 30–40% of all health care‐acquired infections, and 70–80% of these infections are related with use of indwelling urinary catheters. This quality improvement (QI) project was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse‐driven urinary catheter removal process in reducing the duration of urinary catheter usage in a general medical ward in Singapore. A pre‐ and post‐study design was adopted. The pre‐implementation data included urinary catheter utilization ratio and CAUTI rates. Over a 6‐months period, nurses used a nurse‐driven urinary catheter removal process to improve rates of timely removal of catheter. Data collected included nurses' compliance with the process and clinical outcomes, such as urinary catheter utilization ratio and CAUTI rates before and after implementation. Compliance with the use of the nurse‐driven process by staff was 89%. The urinary catheter utilization ratio revealed a raise from 0·12 before implementation to 0·18 after implementation. However, CAUTI rates decreased from 4 to 0 per 1000 catheter‐days, indicating a marginally significant difference between the pre and post‐implementation rates (p = 0.06), using Fisher's exact test. The nurse‐driven process decision support tool for optimizing appropriate catheter usage had the potential of reducing a patient's risk of acquiring CAUTI.
Parenting Supports for Early Vocabulary Development: Specific Effects of Sensitivity and Stimulation through Infancy
Authors: Vallotton Claire D. , Mastergeorge Ann , Foster Tricia , Decker Kalli B. , Ayoub Catherine 
Published: April 2016

Growing recognition of disparities in early childhood language environments prompts examination of parent–child interactions, which support vocabulary. Research links parental sensitivity and cognitive stimulation to child language, but has not explicitly contrasted their effects, nor examined how effects may change over time. We examined maternal sensitivity and stimulation throughout infancy using two observational methods—ratings of parents’ interaction qualities and coding of discrete parenting behaviors—to assess the relative importance of these qualities to child vocabulary over time and determine whether mothers make related changes in response to children's development. Participants were 146 infants and mothers, assessed when infants were 14, 24, and 36 months. At 14 months, sensitivity had a stronger effect on vocabulary than did stimulation, but the effect of stimulation grew throughout toddlerhood. Mothers’ cognitive stimulation grew over time, whereas sensitivity remained stable. While discrete parenting behaviors changed with child age, there was no evidence of trade‐offs between sensitive and stimulating behaviors, and no evidence that sensitivity moderated the effect of stimulation on child vocabulary. Findings demonstrate specificity of timing in the link between parenting qualities and child vocabulary, which could inform early parent interventions, and support a reconceptualization of the nature and measurement of parental sensitivity.
Validity of the Brazilian version of the Venham's behavior rating scale
Authors: Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez , Da Rosa Denise Paiva , Oliveira Luísa Jardim Correa , Corrêa Marcos Britto , Goettems Marília Leão 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundVenham's Behavior Rating Scale (VBRS) is a measure of uncooperative behavior developed to assess children's responses to dental stress.AimTo evaluate the validity of the Brazilian version of the VBRS.DesignChildren aged 7–13 years were invited to participate in this study. Child behavior was concurrently assessed with both the VBRS and the Frankl Scale. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to determine the cut‐off points of the Brazilian version of the VBRS. Criterion validity was determined using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Discriminant validity was tested before and after scale dichotomization.ResultsA total of 265 children participated in this study. According to the ROC curve, the ≥1 cut‐off point was best for this population (SENS 97.4%; SPEC 94.7%). The Brazilian version of the VBRS was significantly correlated with the Frankl Scale (r −0.69; <0.001, r −0.72; <0.001). Child behavior assessed was related to complexity of treatment, type of procedure, use of local anesthesia, and dental fear.ConclusionsThe results provide strong evidence for the validity of Brazilian version of the VBRS in behavior assessment of children aged 7–13 years during dental care.
Optimization of Microwave‐Assisted Predrying and Deep‐Fat‐Frying Conditions to Produce Fried Carrot Slices
Authors: Karacabey Erkan , Özçelık Şehrıban Gül , Turan Merve Seçıl , Baltacioğlu Cem , Küçüköner Erdoğan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMain objective of the current study was to reduce the fat content of fried carrot slices by applying a microwave assisted drying (MAD) step before frying. The effects of MAD and deep‐fat‐frying conditions on moisture and oil contents, breaking force, and color parameters of predried and fried carrot slices were investigated. The results of data analysis using response surface methodology showed that there was a significant correlation between investigated responses and process variables (P ≤ 0.05). Based on the optimal conditions (12% for weight loss, 140°C for frying temperature, and 227 s for frying time), more than 18% reduction in fat content of fried carrot slices was achieved by MAD applied before frying. SEM analysis was performed to determine the relationship between fat absorption and structural changes under effects of conditions of the proposed MAD and frying.Practical ApplicationsDeep‐fat‐frying is one of the most common cooking methods for foods. There are plenty number of studies devoted to manufacturing of fried foods with reduced fat content, since concerns about high fat content rise for food manufacturers from an economic point of view and also for the consumers from the health angle. The information presented in this work will be useful in manufacturing of fried carrot slices of acceptable quality attributes by optimizing the MAD and frying processes. The result is very useful for manufacturer and consumers in considering different processing variables and responses at the same time, which have been commonly studied with single factor experiment in literature and none of them has included MAD combined frying for cooking of carrot slices in terms of fat content and quality assurance.
A Survey of Microbial Contamination on Restaurant Nonfood‐Contact Surfaces
Authors: Patel Dimpi , Stansell Jennifer , Jaimes Maia , Ferris Kathleen , Webb Ginny 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFoodborne illnesses are a significant public health concern as they cause approximately 48 million illnesses per year in the U.S.A. It is important to identify and control potential sources of microbial contamination in restaurants to reduce the number of foodborne illnesses. In this study, we aimed to measure microbial contamination on nonfood‐contact surfaces in restaurants. These surfaces include tables, chairs, highchairs and booster seats. We found the highest levels of total microbial contamination and staphylococci on booth seats and table chairs with total microbial counts of 151 and 184 CFU/100 cm2, respectively. Other surfaces found to have over 100 CFU/100 cm2 were booster seats and cleaning dishcloths. The cleaning dishcloth also contained 59 CFU/100 cm2 of enteric bacteria. These results suggest the need for more studies aimed to determine the levels of microbial contamination on nonfood‐contact surfaces in restaurants with the goal of providing better recommendations for cleaning practices and procedures.Practical ApplicationsThe cleaning procedures for restaurant furniture and other nonfood‐contact surfaces in restaurants are not highly regulated. The information from this study suggests the need for improved cleaning practices and procedures of nonfood‐contact surfaces in restaurants. Development and implementation of better guidelines for cleaning has the potential to reduce microbial burden on these surfaces and therefore reduce the risk of foodborne illness.
Asian consensus statements on endoscopic management of walled‐off necrosis Part 1: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Isayama Hiroyuki , Nakai Yousuke , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Khor Christopher , Lau James , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Seo Dong Wan , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ang Tiing Leong , Ryozawa Shomei , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Yamamoto Natusyo , Iwashita Takuji , Itokawa Fumihide , Kuwatani Masaki , Kitano Masayuki , Hanada Keiji , Kogure Hirofumi , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Ponnudurai Ryan , Moon Jong Ho , Itoi Takao , Yasuda Ichiro , Irisawa Atsushi , Maetani Iruru 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWalled‐off necrosis (WON) is a relatively new term for encapsulated necrotic tissue after severe acute pancreatitis. Various terminologies such as pseudocyst, necroma, pancreatic abscess, and infected necrosis were previously used in the literature, resulting in confusion. The current and past terminologies must be reconciled to meaningfully interpret past data. Recently, endoscopic necrosectomy was introduced as a treatment option and is now preferred over surgical necrosectomy when the expertise is available. However, high‐quality evidence is still lacking, and there is no standard management strategy for WON. The consensus meeting aimed to clarify the diagnostic criteria for WON and the role of endoscopic interventions in its management. In the Consensus Conference, 27 experts from eight Asian countries took an active role and examined key clinical aspects of WON diagnosis and endoscopic management. Statements were crafted based on literature review and expert opinion, employing the modified Delphi method. All statements were substantiated by the level of evidence and the strength of the recommendation. We created 27 consensus statements for WON diagnosis and management, including details of endoscopic procedures. When there was not enough solid evidence to support the statements, this was clearly acknowledged to facilitate future research. Proposed management strategies were formulated and are illustrated using flow charts. These recommendations, which are based on the best current scientific evidence and expert opinion, will be useful for guiding endoscopic management of WON. Part 1 of this statement focused on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and timing of intervention.
A Step Towards a General Framework for Consequential Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Rajagopal Deepak 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAt the core of consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) is a model of the economic system of which the activity that motivates the CLCA is a part. While there are several applications of CLCA in the literature, there does not appear to exist a formal, general mathematical framework. To address this gap, this article presents a general multi‐market equilibrium framework, which could be adapted to an arbitrary level of complexity depending on the context and data availability. A general expression for total pollution (of a given type) is derived, which highlights different factors that determine the impact on emissions. It is then illustrated how microeconomic theory can help predict the direction of price and quantity changes for each commodity within the modeled system simply based on an activity's relationship to the ultimate activity or service, which motivates the CLCA. The steps involved in converting the multi‐market framework to general equilibrium are also discussed.
Uncoupled U/Pb and REE response in zircon during the transformation of eclogite to mafic and intermediate granulite (Blanský les, Bohemian Massif)
Authors: Štípská P. , Powell R. , Hacker B. R. , Holder R. , Kylander‐Clark A. R. C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAn eclogite–mafic granulite occurs as a rare boudin within a felsic kyanite–K‐feldspar granulite in a low‐strain zone. Its boundary is marked by significant metasomatism–diffusional gain of potassium at the centimetre‐scale, and probable infiltration of felsic melt on a larger scale. This converted the eclogite–mafic granulite into an intermediate‐composition, ternary‐feldspar‐bearing granulite. Based on inclusions in garnet, the peak P–T conditions of the original eclogite are 18 kbar at 850–950 °C, with later matrix re‐equilibration at 12 kbar and 950 °C. Four samples from the transition of the eclogite–mafic granulite through to the intermediate granulite were studied. In the eclogite, REE patterns in the garnet core show no Eu anomaly, compatible with crystallization in the absence of plagioclase and consistent with eclogite facies conditions. Towards the rim of garnet, LREE decrease, and a weak negative Eu anomaly appears, reflecting passage into HP granulite facies conditions with plagioclase present. The rims of garnet next to ternary feldspar in the intermediate granulite show the lowest LREE and deepest Eu anomalies. Zircon from the four samples was analysed by LASS (laser ablation–split‐stream inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry). It shows U–Pb ages from 404 ± 4.0 to 331 ± 3.3 Ma, with a peak at 340 ± 4.0 Ma corresponding to the likely exhumation of the rocks to 12 kbar. Older ages from zircon with steep HREE patterns indicate the minimum age of the protolith, and ages <360 ± 4.0 Ma are interpreted to correspond to the eclogite facies metamorphism. Only some zircon grains ≤350 ± 4.0 Ma have flat HREE patterns, suggesting that these are primarily modified protolith grains, rather than new zircon crystallized in the eclogite‐ or granulite facies. The metasomatic processes that converted the eclogite–mafic granulite to an intermediate granulite may have facilitated zircon modification as zircon in the intermediate granulite has flat HREE and ages of 340 ± 4.0 Ma. The difference between the oldest and youngest ages with flat REE patterns indicates a 16 ± 5.6 Ma period of zircon modification in the presence of garnet.