bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tight Fractured Reservoirs: a Challenging Environment For LWD Operations Optimization & Fluid Path Detection
Authors: Pampuri Ferdinanda , Berto Roberto , Borghi Massimiliano , Casero Arabella , Firinu Mauro 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The huge number of horizontal wells drilled in complex reservoirs and the development of more accurate logging while drilling (LWD) technologies offer to the oil&gas companies the opportunity to reduce operational risks and save time and costs, by replacing wireline acquisition with LWD tools.
This paper describe a new acquisition strategy based on advanced LWD tools recently made available also in 6" hole size. Thanks to this technology it was possible to provide a reliable reservoir characterization and to identify the best fluid path in horizontal infilling wells drilled into tight and fractured carbonatic reservoir.
Economic and HSE aspects have been strongly considered in the illustrated strategy.
The integrated analysis of advanced sonic and resistive image while drilling logs provided the essential information to quantify the matrix and the secondary fractured porosity as well as the "mixed" porosity, and, in addition, fundamental data to clarify the reservoir quality where Tough Logging Conditions (TLC) cannot be through.
The acoustic compressional arrivals contribute to porosity evaluation while the Stoneley waves interpretation allowed the detection of "open" natural fractures.
In addition, recognized "open" fractures have been matched with mud losses events, Gas While Drilling and temperature profile. The producible intervals identified by the illustrated methodology agree with the response of the main production results.
The approach has been validated by means of an accurate comparison between wireline and while drilling logs response, both available along an interval of a reference well section. The LWD technology has shown its capability to capture the different scale of phenomena occurring into fractured reservoirs.
Thanks to the combination of technology, knowledge and people, well data acquisition can be conducted safely and with significant saving in term of operating time reduction. The additional information about fluid path detection can improve the efficiency of the well completion.

INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF WORK
The strong and continuous need to drill and produce high deviated or horizontal wells in the oil business was a heavy impulse to change vision on tool conveyance method moving from Wire Line (WL) to Logging While Drilling (LWD) acquisitions.
The service companies in the last years spent a lot of effort in the LWD tool development and now days the quality and the completeness of the last generation LWD is comparable with the wire line technology in most case, and more useful in others. The operators choose the logging data acquisition strategy, while drilling or after drilling, based on project requirements.
The LWD tool application not only can provide good performance but can also be an important opportunity to increase efficiency and safety.
Few technologies have had a larger impact on these results than Logging While Drilling (LWD).
The impact of rock pore structure on Co2 relative permeability
Authors: Traki Adel Ragib , Sohrabi Mehran 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Co2 relative permeability is a critical parameter affecting many aspects of Co2 injection for Enhanced Oil recovery and Co2 storage including; injectivity and trapped phase saturation.
In this study, we use measured Co2 - brine relative permeability data available in the literature to study the behaviour of the data obtained for various rocks. These measured Co2 relative permeabilities show large variations in the values of relative permeability and also in the trend of the relative permeability curves.
We identify the rock internal structure or quality as a controlling factor with considerable impact on Co2 relative permeability and we offer an explanation for the observed variation in Co2 relative permeability behaviour. We use a pore network model with different pore and throat distributions to verify the effect of rock pore and throat distributions on Co2 relative permeability. Based on our definition, a normal pore-throat distributions with similar connection produces a regular Co2 relative permeability curve shape which gives a high Co2 injection rate whereas in an abnormal pore-throat distribution with dissimilar connection, it is observed that the Co2 relative permeability curve shape is almost vertical.
We extended the work to the investigation of the impact of the rock internal structure on the Co2 injection characteristics particularly on Co2 injection rate. We found that normal pore-throat distributions with similar connection result in much higher Co2 injection rate than do the abnormal pore-throat distributions with dissimilar connection.
The results of this study will allow us to identify rocks that would be more suitable for Co2 injection (e.g., higher injectivity requiring lower number of injection wells) on the basis of the structure and distribution of the pores inside the rock.

Introduction and Objective.
In most petroleum engineering literatures, the relative permeability of Co2 has been studied for each formation separately and the main factors considered to affect the Co2 relative permeability are; fluid saturation, hysteresis and interfacial tension. As for a group of formations with different rock types, the difference in Co2 relative permeability curves is mainly attributed to rock type parameters. However, it has been found that even in a set of samples extracted from different formations in the same rock type or from a single formation, there is diversity in Co2 relative permeability curves. Rock pore structure or quality has been assumed to be responsible of the observed disparity, but no detailed explanation has been offered as to how it could results in different Co2 relative permeability curves for a set of formations in the same rock type. In this work, we are introducing an improved concept of pore and throat distribution, which will be used to interpret the observed differences in Co2 relative permeabilities.
Maintaining Reliable Operation of Aging Gas Compressors Using Novel Repair Techniques
Authors: Edward Karl , Chin T H , Uptigrove Stan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
As upstream oil and gas facilities age, it is a constant challenge to maintain equipment reliability and uptime while managing cost pressures and changing production rates that are significantly different from design. This challenge can be effectively met by properly managing repairs rather than replacing failed equipment with new units. In fact, with the right engineering, the repair can improve equipment availability over a straight replacement. This paper provides two case studies where non-standard equipment repairs were executed to improve reliability while reducing repair costs and downtime.

Case Study 1: Eroded Compressor Diaphragm
As reservoirs deplete and enhanced recovery methods are employed, it is possible to experience increased levels of solids, sand and water. Over time, this leads to erosion in process machinery such as compressors and pumps. The paper describes how a badly eroded compressor diaphragm was repaired via a brush plating repair methodology. Although this technique had not been used before by the operator or the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), a collaborative effort was successful in evaluating and implementing the repair.

Case Study 2: Combining Two Failed Gearboxes into One Functional Unit
An oil production facility experienced coupling failures on two neighboring machines a few weeks apart that resulted in collateral damage to the gearboxes. Initial investigation found that the gearbox output rotors had suffered yielding at the tapered area of the coupling hub. Run-out and concentricity measurements indicated that the gear rotors were not fit for service and needed to be replaced. However, the gas turbine driven compression train was scheduled for final decommissioning a year after the time of the failure following over 30 years of reliable operation. A spare set of gear rotors was not available as they had never required replacement before. The subsequent procedures and execution of repairs utilizing parts from the two gear boxes to produce one functional gear box are described.
Wellbore Instability Analysis for Highly Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoir from Geomechanics Prospective, Saudi Arabia Case Study
Authors: Al-Nutaifi Abdulrahman Muhammed , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Khan Khaqan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A major challenge facing the oil and gas drilling operations is mitigating the encountered wellbore instability issues. Those can vary from loss circulations up to having stuck pipes or tools that may jeopardize well integrity and potentially lead to total loss of wells and assets. These problematic situations are even much more complicated in fractured reservoir environments where predicting the fracture density is important. Analyzing such problems is critical for companies especially in developing offshore fields where one day lost time is in hundreds of thousands of dollars. The field of rock mechanics emerged to connect those phenomena to reservoir rock properties and stress profiles. Coupling this with an intensive analysis of drilling parameters, logging, core testing and other existing wells data builds a work frame that helps in understanding the reasons behind wellbore failures and providing solutions to them. The field under investigation is a highly geo-pressured offshore gas field. The field development called for drilling vertical and deviated wells. During the field increment sever loss circulation were encountered that resulted in lost drilling times estimated in millions of US dollars with rig cost up $ 200,000/Day. Other drilling failures includes, stuck drill pipe and difficulties with logging response and log interpretation. The objective of this study is to investigate the wellbore instability during drilling operations as function of rock properties, in-situ earth stress and drilling parameters. Emphasis on the role of natural fractures density will be highlighted and included in modeling inputs as well as characterizing its density across the field. During the course of the study, existing field's and drilled wells available data will be analyzed and a simulation models will be utilized to simulate the stress profiles in the field. Based on the results, the factors behind the instability issues in the field will be identified and recommendations will be made for future wells drilling programs.
Geopressure Centroid as Pore Pressure Prediction Challenge in Deepwater South East Asia
Authors: Kaeng Geovani Christopher , Sausan Sarah , Satria Andrean 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Rapid sedimentation in the deep water of the young Tertiary basin in southeast (SE) Asia is one of the primary causes for the development of overpressured systems. In this setting, pore water is unable to escape naturally during deposition. This causes increased pore pressure above hydrostatic pressure. Shale porosity has often been used to estimate in situ fluid pressure. A typical approach is to examine the porosity profile in a zone of known fluid pressure (i.e., the hydrostatic zone) and then use this empirical relationship to predict pressure where it is unknown (i.e., the overpressured zone). The resulting shale based predictions are then compared to in situ fluid pressure measured in reservoir rock (e.g., sand). A difference between predicted and measured pressure is then interpreted simply as a deficiency of the model. However, a more recent belief is that, in overpressure zones, a pressure difference in sand and shale is not uncommon in the presence of structural inclination.
This study continues to explore differences between shale predicted pore pressure and in situ pressure in sand and how it affects well design. The authors interpret observed deviations between measurements and predictions as actual differences between sand and shale pressure attributed to lateral transfer of fluids along inclined reservoirs. The elevation where shale and sand pressure are in equilibrium is called a centroid effect.
Three offset wells are used to build a centroid model in Field DW for the purpose of predicting pore pressure in the proposed well located at the crest of the structure. Industry standard practice is followed to build the centroid model to help prevent pitfalls.

INTRODUCTION
Geopressure is the fluid pressure within earth formations, also referred to simply as formation pore pressure. High formation pressure exceeding normal hydrostatic pressure is termed overpressure (Dutta 1987). High formation pressure is typically found in young, rapidly deposited clastic rocks (primarily sandstone, shale, and siltstone) because of incomplete dewatering of fine-grained rock, such as shale, which is known as compaction disequilibrium (Osborne and Swarbrick 1997; Chapman 1994; Mouchet and Mitchell 1989). This process indicates that the more shale existing in the sedimentary succession, the greater the likelihood of high pressure. The amount of overpressure is a function of the permeability of the rock (how fast the water can escape when buried) and the rate of burial. However, there are other reasons for high pressure primarily related to deeper processes occurring in the rock column at elevated temperatures. It follows from the previous description of the mechanisms that three primary components control where overpressure occurs—rate of sediment burial, temperature, and sediment permeability.
Histomorphology of digestive tract in two closely related mountain newts (Salamandridae: Neurergus kaiseri and Neurergus microspilotus)
Authors: Parto P. , Vaissi S. , Sharifi M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The digestive system of vertebrates presents various structural and functional adaptations to their diverse feeding habits. Material and methods: Anatomical, histological and histochemical examinations were made from digestive tract in two closely related mountain newts (Salamandridae: Neurergus mierospilotus and Neurergus kaiseri). Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic Acid SchifPs and Alcian Blue. Results: In both species the pharynx and esophagus are covered by psudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cell which is positive with PAS and AB. The stomach in N. kaiseri and N. mierospilotus is a straight, expanded conical tube, laying slightly to the left side of the body cavity, and terminating at the pylorus. The stomach is divided into three distinct parts, the cardia, fundus and pylorus. Although in both species the epithelium of the stomach surface and of the lining of the crypts consists of a single layer of high columnar cell, but the apical portion of the cells in N.kaiseri consists of homogeneous acidophilic granules while in N.mierospilotus is foamy. The duodenum is short and is sharply reflexed along the medial aspect of the stomach. Duodenum in N. kaiseri and N. mierospilotus shows villi which consists of the epithelial covering and a core of connective tissue containing blood and lymph capillaries. The large intestine in both N. kaiseri and N. mierospilotus is located along the median line. The intestine is a coiled tube of a regular diameter, larger than, that of the duodenum. Histologically, these are no villi in large intestine and goblet cells rise to numerous. The epithelium is simple columnar, and the lamina propria and submocosa are strongly reduced. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the morphological description of the digestive tract of N. kaiseri and N. mierospilotus are very similar and can be extended to the other newts.
Lo abstracto, Aalto y el dibujo
Authors: Manzano Jurado Josemaría 
Published: May 2016

<p>Incursión en el imaginario abstracto de la obra de Alvar Aalto analizando el artículo publicado en 1947 en la revista Domus titulado Arquitectura y arte concreto. Desde la experiencia imaginativa de la Biblioteca de Viipuri y sus dibujos previos oníricos, y las metáforas naturalistas sobre el salmón y su periplo vital, Aalto se desnuda y muestra su procedimiento intuitivo sin renunciar a la ortodoxia racionalista.</p>
Japanese Company Histories as Repositories of Tacit Knowledge
Authors: Donovan Maureen 
Published: May 2016

A special issue commemorating 115 years of its publication of Shūkan Tōyō Keizai, devoted its cover story, comprising some 45 pages, to a survey of other Japanese companies that had passed the one hundred year milestone. Kunisada Fumitaka advises readers to seek the kind of tacit knowledge needed to revive Japanese economic engines by reading histories of successful companies that survived for more than a century, “Company histories are treasure troves of business knowledge for turning point eras, such as the present. Read them!!” The appendices of shashi are rich in statistics, but the narrative portions of the books have their own value as primary sources as well. A well-known limitation of shashi is that the stories they tell are self- serving, extolling the feats of their founders and achievements over the years without any criticism. Those narratives can be used to derive insights into the past. Perhaps they can also be a stimulus for imagining the future.
Proceso de producción para la exportación de café de calidad al mercado internacional por parte de la empresa CISA Exportadora en el período 2014-2015
Authors: Salinas Artica Karen Omara , Acuña Hernández Noyling Danitza , Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

El presente estudio analiza el proceso de producción de café de calidad para el diseño de una estrategia que mejore la capacidad de exportación de la empresa CISA Exportadora a mercados internacionales periodo 2014-2015. Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativo se trabajó en la empresa CISA Exportadora, con sede central en Managua y sus cuatro oficinas regionales de Ocotal, Matagalpa, Jinotepe y Jinotega. Se utilizaron entrevistas, guía de observación y una encuesta dirigida a los productores. Una sugerencia es impulsar programas para la integración de nuevos productores y asesorías técnicas para incrementar sus sellos de calidad.
Relación del INSS y el MITRAB en el cumplimiento de la Ley de Higiene y Seguridad Laboral en FAREM Estelí, en Nicaragua 2015
Authors: Altamirano Pérez Lester Alexabder , Cruz Rivera Yader Francisco , Escamilla Gutiérrez Itzayana Valeska , Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

En este estudio investigativo se realizó una evaluación y descripción de las condiciones de higiene y seguridad laboral que presenta la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria FAREM-Estelí, en el año 2015. Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa porque se analiza a profundidad el proceso que ejecuta el INSS y el MITRAB para garantizar el cumplimiento de la ley 618 en FAREM-Estelí, analizando las condiciones de espacio, iluminación, ergonomía, señalización, riesgos eléctricos y equipos de trabajo. El universo de estudio está conformado por 243 trabajadores comprendido en personal administrativo y docente. Se recomienda a la Facultad el fortalecimiento a la comisión mixta para integrar los diferentes gremios de trabajo y fomentar las mejores prácticas en materia de Higiene y Seguridad Laboral.
Predicting the Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers in Iranian Population
Authors: Hajaghamohammadi Aliakbar , Ahmadi Gooraji Somayeh , Zargar Ali 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients gives valuable information regarding the burden of disease, type of treatment and its side effects in studies on chronic diseases. In this study an attempt is made to predict the QoL of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.METHODS: In a cross sectional prospective study, data of 107 patients with GI cancers 58 male & 49 female with a mean age of 60.7±10.5 referred to a hospital from April 2009 to June 2015 were collected by using two standard questionnaires of EORTC-QLQ C30 and EORTC-QLQ-GINET 21. Data analysis was done using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and correlation test in soft wares of STATA and SPSS.16.RESULTS: Total QoL score was 50.7±24.6 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer which is almost optimal. Symptoms level was more in gastric cancer patients and their major complaints were constipation and diarrhea. QoL of patients with GI cancers were more affected by the educational level and type of cancer (P<0.05).A high correlation of QoL was related to social and emotional domains (P<0.05). Mean score of QoL was more in males with colorectal cancer, educated and retired patients (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: the social and emotional support to patients with esophageal cancer and to reduce the level of symptoms in patients with gastric cancer due to complications of their diseases or treatment should be of consideration to improve their QoL.
Sul de Minas na primeira metade do século dezenove: potencial de centralidade urbana e sua distribuição territorial / South of Minas Gerais in the first half of the nineteenth century: urban centrality potential and its territorial distribution
Authors: Stefani João Stefani 
Published: May 2016

<p>O presente exercício metodológico refere-se à exploração de conteúdo referente às informações contidas nas Listas Nominativas da década de 1830. Nesse sentido, com base nos dados relativos ao quesito Ocupação, procurou-se estabelecer, para a primeira metade dos Oitocentos, uma classificação hierarquizada das sedes distritais pertencentes ao Sul de Minas Gerais, em função de seus potenciais de centralidade urbana. Potenciais cuja identificação e representação se faz por intermédio do Indicador Sintético do Potencial de Centralidade (ISPC). Após serem georreferenciados, os resultados obtidos para o indicador permitiram, numa primeira análise, estabelecer específicas conjecturas acerca de possíveis fatores responsáveis pela distribuição territorial do potencial de centralidade urbana na região em foco.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave: </strong>Sul de Minas, centralidade urbana, Análise Fatorial, Listas Nominativas. </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This methodological exercise refers to the exploitation of content for the information contained in the lists of the decade of 1830. In this sense, based on data relating to the question Occupation, tried to establish, for the first half of the nineteenth century, a hierarchical classification the district headquarters belonging to the South of Minas Gerais, due to its potential of urban centrality. Potential whose identification and representation is done through the Synthetic Indicator Centralization Potential (ISPC). After being georeferenced, the results for the indicator allowed, an initial analysis, to establish specific conjectures about possible factors responsible for the territorial distribution of the urban centrality of potential in the focus region.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Sul de Minas, urban centrality, Factor Analysis, Nominal Lists.</p>
Juozas Baltušis ir Eduardas Mieželaitis tautinio atgimimo ir pirmaisiais Lietuvos nepriklausomybės metais
Authors: Tamošaitis Mindaugas 
Published: May 2016

Straipsnyje išskirtinis dėmesys skiriamas Lietuvos SSR rašytojų ir politinio elito atstovų Juozo Baltušio ir Eduardo Mieželaičio, visuomenėje sulaukusių prieštaringo vertinimo, užimtai pozicijai tautinio atgimimo ir pirmaisiais Lietuvos nepriklausomybės metais. Nagrinėjama, kaip ir kodėl šios asmenybės istorinio lūžio laikotarpiu vertino prasidėjusias permainas šalyje, nepriklausomos Lietuvos pirmuosius metus. Mėginama J. Baltušį sąlyginai palyginti su norvegų rašytoju Knutu Hamsunu, taip pat paaiškinti, kodėl E. Mieželaitis atkurtoje nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje save laikė „nereikalingu žmogumi“.