bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public evidence on AI products for digital pathology
Authors: Matthews Gillian A. , McGenity Clare , Bansal Daljeet , Treanor Darren 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNovel products applying artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods to digital pathology images are touted to have many uses and benefits. However, publicly available information for products can be variable, with few sources of independent evidence. This review aimed to identify public evidence for AI-based products for digital pathology. Key features of products on the European Economic Area/Great Britain (EEA/GB) markets were examined, including their regulatory approval, intended use, and published validation studies. There were 26 AI-based products that met the inclusion criteria and, of these, 24 had received regulatory approval via the self-certification route as General in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices. Only 10 of the products (38%) had peer-reviewed internal validation studies and 11 products (42%) had peer-reviewed external validation studies. To support transparency an online register was developed using identified public evidence (https://osf.io/gb84r/), which we anticipate will provide an accessible resource on novel devices and support decision making.
A qualitative interview study on quality of life and ageing experiences of autistic adults
Authors: Viner Hannah E. , Yuill Nicola , Costa Andreia P. , Radford Holly , Kornadt Anna E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuality of life across the lifespan has been established as a key research priority by the autism community. Still relatively little is known about the quality of life and ageing experiences of older autistic adults. Most studies to date have used generic measures of quality of life which may not accurately capture the experiences of autistic people. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand how autistic adults experience and define quality of life as they age. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 autistic adults aged 40+ from the UK and Luxembourg. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified five themes that contribute to quality of life: (1) Diagnosis is pivotal, (2) Connection with others, (3) Autonomy over space and time, (4) ‘Paperwork of life’, (5) Vulnerability. This study identifies autism-specific aspects of quality of life and highlights ways in which ageing and autism intersect and impact quality of life.
The variability of Betelgeuse explained by surface convection
Authors: Pilate Q. , Ariste A. López , Lavail A. , Mathias Ph. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant (RSG) that is known to vary semi-regularly on both short and long timescales. The origin of the short period of Betelgeuse has often been associated with radial pulsations, but could also be due to the convection motions present at the surface of RSGs.
Aims. We investigate the link between surface activity and the variability of the star.
Methods. Linear polarization in Betelgeuse is a proxy of convection that is unrelated to pulsations. Using ten years of spectropolarimetric data of Betelgeuse, we looked for periodicities in the least-squares deconvolution profiles of Stokes I, Q, U and the total linear polarization using Lomb–Scargle periodograms.
Results. We find periods in linear polarization signals that are similar to those in photometric variability. The 400 d period is too close to a peak of the window function of our data, but the two periods of 330 d and 200 d are present in the periodogram of Stokes Q and U, showing that the variability of Betelgeuse can be interpreted as being due to surface convection.
Conclusions. Since the linear polarization in the spectrum of Betelgeuse is not known to vary with pulsations, but is linked to surface convection, and since similar periods are found in the time series of photometric measurements and spectropolarimetry, we conclude that the photometric variability is due to the surface convective structures, and not to any pulsation phenomenon.
Multi-wavelength observations of the luminous fast blue optical transient AT 2023fhn
Authors: Chrimes A. A. , Coppejans D. L. , Jonker P. G. , Levan A. J. , Groot P. J. , Mummery A. , Stanway E. R. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs) are a class of extragalactic transients notable for their rapid rise and fade times, blue colour, and accompanying luminous X-ray and radio emission. Only a handful have been studied in detail since the prototypical example AT 2018cow. Their origins are currently unknown, but ongoing observations of previous and new events are placing ever stronger constraints on their progenitors.
Aims. We aim to put further constraints on the LFBOT AT 2023fhn, and LFBOTs as a class, using information from the multi-wavelength transient light curve, its host galaxy, and local environment.
Methods. Our primary results were obtained by fitting galaxy models to the spectral energy distribution of AT 2023fhn’s host and local environment, and by modelling the radio light curve of AT 2023fhn as due to synchrotron self-absorbed emission from an expanding blast wave in the circumstellar medium.
Results. We find that neither the host galaxy nor circumstellar environment of AT 2023fhn are unusual compared with previous LFBOTs, but that AT 2023fhn has a much lower X-ray to ultraviolet luminosity ratio than previous events.
Conclusions. We argue that the variety in ultraviolet-optical to X-ray luminosity ratios among LFBOTs is likely due to viewing angle differences, and that the diffuse, yet young local environment of AT 2023fhn – combined with a similar circumstellar medium to previous events – favours a progenitor system containing a massive star with strong winds. Plausible progenitor models in this interpretation therefore include the mergers of black holes and Wolf-Rayet stars or failed supernovae.
Impact of Attempted Mode of Delivery on Neonatal Outcomes in Nulliparous Individuals According to Body Mass Index
Authors: Atwani Rula , Saade George , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare neonatal and maternal outcomes based on the attempted mode of delivery, stratified by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in nulliparous individuals.
Study Design This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of U.S. vital statistics Live Birth and Infant Death-linked data from 2011 to 2020. The analysis was restricted to nulliparas with singleton pregnancies and cephalic presentation who delivered at term. Our primary outcome was a composite neonatal outcome. We also examined a composite maternal outcome. We compared outcomes between individuals who attempted labor and those who opted for nonlabor cesarean delivery, categorized by BMI (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–39.9, ≥40). To account for significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups, Coarsened Exact Matching was applied using a k-to-k solution. We employed modified Poisson regression and calculated a difference-in-difference (DID) to compare differences in predicted proportions across BMI categories.
Results Out of 9,709,958 individuals, 1,083,332 were included in the matched analysis. Compared with attempted vaginal delivery, nonlabor cesarean delivery was associated with an increased risk of the composite neonatal outcome across all BMI categories. However, the increase in risk was less pronounced in higher BMI categories compared with the reference group (BMI 18.5–24.9). For maternal outcomes, nonlabor cesarean delivery was associated with an increased risk of the composite maternal outcome in the BMI 18.5–24.9 and 25–29.9 categories. In contrast, the risk of adverse maternal outcomes associated with nonlabor cesarean delivery was lower in higher BMI groups compared with the reference group, with DID values ranging from −0.12 in the BMI 30–39.9 group to −0.16 in the BMI ≥40 group.
Conclusion Nonlabor cesarean delivery, as compared with attempted vaginal delivery, was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes across all BMI categories, though the relative increase in risk was diminished in higher BMI groups.
Key Points
Future Considerations and Areas for Innovation for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Patients
Authors: Connell John W. , Humason Scott A. , Panos Ralph J. , Burkes Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPulmonary rehabilitation is an effective therapy that improves day-to-day symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we look at the role of virtual programs, implementation of artificial intelligence, emerging areas of improvement within the educational components of programs, and the benefit of advanced practice providers in directorship roles.
Multi-word units in neural machine translation
Authors: Colson Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently made significant progress in improving the quality of
the texts it produces. New features of NMT include the fluidity of translations and the successful handling of
multi-word units. In this paper we first report the results of an automated evaluation of the percentage of
phraseology in the translations produced by Google Translate and DeepL. A corpus-based approach makes it possible to
estimate that both NMT systems succeed in producing an average percentage of phraseology that is quite reasonable and
sometimes even higher than in natural language production by native speakers. However, a closer look at some
problematic cases shows that the ability of NMT systems to treat phraseological units can be deceptive, as they are
often unable to cope with contextual complexity and low-frequency idioms.
Evaluating the Italian-English machine translation quality of MWUs in the domain of archaeology
Authors: Speranza Giulia , Monti Johanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multiword units (MWUs) represent a challenging and problematic linguistic issue in the field of
Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to their idiosyncratic nature. This paper investigates the quality of Neural
Machine Translation (NMT) outputs when dealing with MWUs in the domain of archaeology. As a case study, a dataset of
100 MWUs is used as a Gold Standard to evaluate out-of-context and in-context translation outputs from three
state-of-the-art NMT systems for the Italian-English language pair: Google Translate, DeepL, and Microsoft Bing
Translator. MT outputs are manually evaluated with reference to the Gold Standard, namely out-of-context and
in-context human English translations of the selected 100 MWUs. Results show that terminology is still a problematic
category for MT quality and that MWUs translation may vary, and sometimes even improve, when further context is
provided.
Verb collocations and their semantics in the specialized language of science
Authors: Jiménez-Navarro Eva Lucía 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with verb collocations in the specialized language of science. I pay
attention to their semanticity, since my main objective is to discover the topics evoked in terms of their integrating
elements. The methodology applied is as follows: first, I compile a specialized corpus of research articles; second, I
automatically extract a list of collocation candidates, which is manually revised; third, the selected collocations
are semantically classified. As this work is motivated by a previous study on noun collocations, I perform a
comparative analysis. The findings are that noun and verb collocations share similar semantic frames, although the
method employed in each study yields different, but complementary, results.
Negative–positive adjective pairing in travel journalism in English, Italian, and Polish
Authors: Brett David , Pinna Antonio , Loranc Barbara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Adjectives play a particular role in the language of tourism and often contribute to the formation
of recurrent phraseologies (Manca, 2008). The combination of adjectives
bearing negative and positive connotation is widely reported in the literature (Dann, 1996; Edo Marzá, 2011, 2012). Durán-Muñoz (2019) focuses on the ADJ+but+ADJ pattern in
an English language corpus of Adventure Tourism texts. This contribution examines the same pattern in 1M word corpora
of travel journalism, examining examples in English, but also extending the analysis to Italian and Polish, to
determine whether the pattern is limited to one language, or whether it is widely used as a discourse strategy within
the same register, regardless of the code adopted.
Irony in American-English tweets
Authors: Martín-Gascón Beatriz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study examines verbal irony from a cognitive linguistics perspective, based on Ruiz de Mendoza’s (2017) development of the echoic account and on big data.
Built on previous research on the detection of Spanish ironic utterances in Twitter (Martín-Gascón, 2019),1 this investigation aims to
analyze how American-English speakers conceptualize and express irony and compares findings to the Spanish ones. The
dataset, initially consisting of 1,157,773,379 tweets from 248 countries and 66 languages, was first reduced to 27,517
tweets from English-speaking users in the United States using the words “irony”, “ironies”, and “ironic”, then to 605
containing the words as hashtag and finally to 495 tweets evincing implicit and explicit-echoic irony. An in-depth
cognitive and qualitative analysis of the sample revealed the complexities of perceiving irony in written discourse
and, therefore, the relevance of adding contextual ironic markers, such as hashtags, emojis, interjections, laughter
typing and ironic phraseology, among others. In line with Martín-Gascón’s
(2019) study, findings showed a higher use of positive and explicit-echoic irony as compared to implicit
and negative irony. By drawing attention to the similarities and differences in the expression of irony, we expect to
offer preliminary informed options for the design of pedagogical proposals that enhance not only the learners’
linguistic and ironic competencies, but also their intercultural awareness.
Vocabulary sophistication in children’s L2 school writing
Authors: Durrant Philip , Dirdal Hildegunn , Tveitan Veronica Dahlby 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper tests three hypotheses about written vocabulary in child L2 English. Specifically, as children mature,
(1) the mean frequency values of the nouns they use increase; (2) the mean frequencies of other parts-of-speech decrease; (3) the
use of academic vocabulary increases only in certain types of writing. Using a corpus of writing by children in Norway, hypothesis
1 was confirmed up to the mid-teenage years. The mean frequency values of nouns then decreased. Analysis showed that the early
increase is due to decreased repetition of low-frequency topic words. After age 15, frequencies drop as the main source of
vocabulary moves from a region around the 150th most frequent lemma to one around the 550th. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were partially
confirmed. Mean frequencies of non-nouns decreased in non-stories after Year 9. Non-stories became more academic across school
years. Stories had much lower scores overall but also showed an increase at Year 10.
Artificial Intelligence and Linguistic Landscape research
Authors: Voss Erik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in Linguistic Landscape research.
Traditionally, LL research has relied on manual data collection and analysis, often involving photographs of public signage,
advertisements, and other visual language displays. However, this manual approach can present challenges, including time-consuming
data collection, inconsistent data quality, and potential researcher bias. Two AI technologies in particular hold promise for
addressing these challenges in LL research: computer vision (CV) and large language models (LLMs). CV automates the identification
and extraction of text from images, improving data accuracy and enabling large-scale image analysis. LLMs, based on natural
language processing, can detect, translate, and interpret multilingual text. This article explores the affordances and challenges
of using AI technologies in LL research and discusses methods to improve data collection, enhance accuracy, and support the
analysis of multilingual environments. It also raises ethical issues and limitations of the technologies.
Generation of Circularly Polarized Strong-Field Terahertz Waves
Authors: Li 李 Jiang-Hao 江皓 , Xiong 熊 Hong-Ting 虹婷 , Kong 孔 De-Yin 德胤 , Zhao 赵 Wei-Peng 蔚鹏 , Liu 刘 Shao-Jie 少杰 , Quan 全 Bao-Gang 保刚 , Wu 吴 Xiao-Jun 晓君 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) circular dichroism (TCD) spectroscopy is extensively used to examine the chiral properties of biological macromolecules and other materials. The rapid advancements in strong-field THz generation and field-modulated techniques highlights the importance of advancing tunable strong-field TCD spectroscopy technology. In this study, we designed and implemented an integrated strong-field TCD spectroscopy system. By using a tilted-pulse-front technique, we generated linearly polarized strong-field THz radiation and achieved linear-to-circular polarization conversion via a reflective metasurface. The resulting circularly polarized THz radiation exhibited an ellipticity greater than 0.9 in the frequency range of 0.38–0.61 THz, achieving a linear-to-circular conversion efficiency exceeding 90%. Additionally, the peak electric field strength of the circularly polarized THz radiation exceeded 100 kV/cm. The proposed system is expected to be instrumental in investigating the chiral characteristics of materials under strong field conditions and in examining how these characteristics vary under different field conditions.
A new Marshall-Olkin generalized-k family of distributions with applications
Authors: Naz Sidra , Tahir M H , Jamal Farrukh , Elgarhy Mohammed , Shafiq Shakaiba , Alsadat Najwan , Nagarjuna Vasili B V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, we describe a new Marshall-Olkin family of distributions based on the Marshall-Olkin family of distributions by employing a different generator. We have derived several statistical properties of the new Marshall-Olkin family, including survival function, hazard rate function, quantile function, moments, and linear representation. We have taken the Weibull distribution as a baseline distribution and found that the new Marshall-Olkin Weibull distribution exhibits a variety of shapes for its hazard rates and densities. We have tested the performance of various estimation methods for the new Marshall-Olkin family of distributions, including eight different estimation methods. Additionally, we conducted extensive simulations to assess the robustness of the estimation methods across various scenarios and determine which methods are most effective for varying sample sizes. To further validate the new Marshall-Olkin Weibull distribution, we have used two different data sets to compare the fitted new Marshall-Olkin Weibull distribution with the well-known comparative models. By testing the performance of different estimation methods and using multiple data sets, we can demonstrate the versatility and usefulness of the new Marshall-Olkin family of distributions for modeling a wide range of phenomena.
Study on the uniaxial tensile mechanical behavior of two-dimensional single-crystal aluminum nitride
Authors: He Yan , Wang Kaiyuan , Tang Meiling , Fan Lin , Sun Jingting , Gao Xingjun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To investigate the tensile behavior and mechanical properties of single-crystal aluminum nitride (AlN) at the microscopic level, molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the effects of crystal orientation, strain rate, environmental temperature, and hole defect size on fracture strength, fracture mechanism, and potential energy during uniaxial tensile. The results show that the tensile strength of AlN in the [100] crystal direction is stronger. The anisotropic behavior characteristics of Al-N bonds fracture mechanism, crack growth rate, and cracking degree are significant when stretched along the [100], [010], and [110] crystal directions. Under high temperature condition, the lattice structure undergoes changes, causing grain boundaries to move and slip. This facilitates the breaking of bonds, leading to a decrease in tensile strength and a reduction in stored potential energy. Hole defects cause more lattice damage, reducing the energy required for Al-N bonds breakage and facilitating the propagation of microcracks. Additionally, it was found that the strain rate affects the stress–strain behavior of the model. An increase in strain rate leads to an increase in breaking stress, and the rapid deformation of AlN results in more energy being stored in the lattice in the form of potential energy. Therefore, the tensile strength and potential energy are improved.
Implementation of adders using XOR gates in quantum-dot cellular automata with physical verification
Authors: Shaw Rohit Kumar , Khan Angshuman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a promising approach to nanoscale computing, offering significant advantages through the QCA technology. It suggests a highly efficient, scalable, and reliable multilayered QCA half and full adder circuits, leveraging a three-input QCA XOR gate. The proposed full adder layout demonstrates significant improvements in various parameters, including area, latency, and energy dissipation. In particular, it offers 17% greater area efficiency and utilizes 14 fewer cells compared to the best work existing work. We thoroughly evaluated energy dissipation using the QCADesigner-E tool. We also examined the cost functions, with a QCA-specific cost of 22 units, which is ∼37% better than earlier designs. The architecture is strategically designed with externally accessible input and output nodes to ensure seamless scalability. Physical reliability is ensured through kink energy calculations for the suitability of higher-order circuit designs. Practical applications of the proposed blocks include their use in arithmetic logic units (ALUs), digital signal processors, and other modern processing and computing systems. This work sets a new benchmark for future developments in QCA technology, offering a robust, efficient, and versatile solution for advanced nano-processing and computing systems.