bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo‐Induced Bending Behavior of Post‐Crosslinked Liquid Crystalline Polymer/Polyurethane Blend Films
Authors: Pang Xinlei , Xu Bo , Qing Xin , Wei Jia , Yu Yanlei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhotoresponsive blend films with post‐crosslinked liquid crystalline polymer (CLCP) as a photosensitive component and flexible polyurethane (PU) as the matrix are successfully fabricated. After being uniaxially stretched, even at low concentration, the azobenzene‐containing CLCP effectively transfers its photoresponsiveness to the photoinert PU matrix, resulting in the fast photo‐induced bending behavior of whole blend film thanks to the effective dispersion of CLCP. Specifically, the blend film shows photo‐induced deformations upon exposure to unpolarized UV light at ambient temperature. The film unbends after thermal treatment, and the randomly orientated mesogens in the film can be realigned by the mechanical stretching, which endows the film with a reversible deformation behavior. The photosensitive blend film possesses favorable mechanical property and good processability at low cost, and it is a promising candidate for a new generation of actuators.
Feasibility of dynamic adaptive passive scattering proton therapy with computed tomography image guidance in the lung
Authors: Moriya Shunsuke , Tachibana Hidenobu , Hotta Kenji , Nakamura Naoki , Sakae Takeji , Akimoto Tetsuo 
Published: June 2017

PurposeHypo‐fractionated proton beam therapy (PBT) is an approach that has been increasingly explored over the past decade. It requires high geometric accuracy for targeting of the PBT beams. However, image‐guided PBT is currently commonly performed with kV X‐ray images of bony anatomy. A dynamic adaptive passive scattering PBT system using computed tomography‐based three‐dimensional image guidance was developed, and its effectiveness was then evaluated retrospectively in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe dynamic adaptive PBT system consisted of computed tomography‐based image registration and proton dose calculation using a simplified Monte Carlo algorithm, with a range adaptation system that could adjust the range shifter thickness to alter the dose distribution. Three patients were retrospectively analyzed. All plans, which each had a total dose of 60 Gy (relative biological effectiveness; RBE), were generated using two fields (Gantry angles: 270 degree and 180 degree) in a passive scattering method. Three dose distributions were generated for each patient according to the following different registrations: bone registration, tumor registration, and tumor registration with range adaptation. The following dosimetric parameters were compared with the original plan: target dose coverage at D95% for the clinical target volume (CTV), homogeneity of D5% to D95% for the CTV, and dose distributions in normal tissue (Dmax of Spinal cord and V20 Gy of lung).ResultsFor the bone registration method, the average D95% and D5% to D95% for the CTV showed average differences from the original plan of −3.7 ± 4.1 Gy (mean ± 1SD; RBE) and 3.6 ± 3.9 Gy (RBE) respectively. The tumor registration method achieved better coverage than the bone registration method, although the dosimetric parameters for coverage and homogeneity still showed average differences in −2.0 ± 2.3 Gy (RBE) and 1.9 ± 2.2 Gy (RBE) respectively. The range adaptive plan showed comparable coverage and homogeneity [D95%: −1.0 ± 1.3 Gy (RBE) and D5% to D95%: 0.9 ± 1.0 Gy (RBE) on average] to the original plan, as well as demonstrating similar normal tissue sparing. The approach could be completed in less than 10 min, including CT acquisition, image registration, dose recalculation with range optimization, and the operator's visual verification.ConclusionsThe tumor dose coverage in patients with NSCLC may deteriorate as a result of respiratory or body movement if daily proton range adaptation is not performed. Our approach may provide higher geometric accuracy for localization of the tumor, and the dynamic range adaptation enables us to achieve the planned dose distribution for hypo‐fractionated PBT in the lung.
Conditional neuromodulation of neurogenic detrusor overactivity using transrectal stimulation in patients with spinal cord injury: A proof of principle study
Authors: Knight Sarah Louise , Edirisinghe Nuwani , Leaker Brian , Susser Judith , Craggs Michael Duncan 
Published: June 2017

AimsA proof of principle study of a novel wearable device to control neurogenic detrusor over‐activity in eight male spinal cord injured subjects using conditional neuromodulation.MethodsTransrectal stimulation was delivered through the device in response to simultaneously recorded external anal sphincter (EAS) contraction as a marker for neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). The effect of conditional neuromodulation on bladder capacity and maximum detrusor pressure was investigated in addition to reliability of dyssynergic sphincter contraction as a marker for NDO.ResultsConditional neuromodulation through the novel device showed a statistically significant increase in bladder capacity and reduction in maximum detrusor pressure in six male subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). EAS activity was a reliable surrogate for detection of NDO.ConclusionsIt has been shown for the first time that conditional neuromodulation can be delivered and triggered via a single biocompatible device placed in the anal canal. The pudendal nerves lying in Alcock's canal were stimulated through the wall of the anal canal, and the dyssynergic activity of the EAS was used to detect NDO and trigger neuromodulation giving significant increases in bladder capacity and reduction in detrusor pressure in six male subjects with SCI.
Proteomes and Phosphoproteomes of Anther and Pollen: Availability and Progress
Authors: Zhang Zaibao , Hu Menghui , Feng Xiaobing , Gong Andong , Cheng Lin , Yuan Hongyu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn flowering plants, anther development plays crucial role in sexual reproduction. Within the anther, microspore mother cells meiosis produces microspores, which further develop into pollen grains that play decisive role in plant reproduction. Previous studies on anther biology mainly focused on single gene functions relying on genetic and molecular methods. Recently, anther development has been expanded from multiple OMICS approaches like transcriptomics, proteomics/phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics. The development of proteomics techniques allowing increased proteome coverage and quantitative measurements of proteins which can characterize proteomes and their modulation during normal development, biotic and abiotic stresses in anther development. In this review, we summarize the achievements of proteomics and phosphoproteomics with anther and pollen organs from model plant and crop species (i.e. Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco). The increased proteomic information facilitated translation of information from the models to crops and thus aid in agricultural improvement.
Reduced Graphene Oxide decorated with Manganese Cobalt Oxide as Multifunctional Material for Mechanically Rechargeable and Hybrid Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Qaseem Adnan , Chen Fuyi , Qiu Chuanzhou , Mahmoudi Abdelaziz , Wu Xiaoqiang , Wang Xiaolu , Johnston Roy L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpinel MnCo2O4 nanoparticles on nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (MnCo2O4/NGr) are synthesized for advanced zinc–air batteries with remarkable cyclic efficiency and stability. The synthesized MnCo2O4/NGr exhibits good oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) activity with half‐wave potential E1/2 of 0.85 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), comparable to commercial Pt/C with E1/2 of 0.88 V (vs RHE) along with superior oxygen electrode activity ΔE = 0.91 V for the ORR/OER (oxygen‐evolution reaction) in alkaline media. Durability tests confirm that MnCo2O4/NGr is more stable than Pt/C in alkaline environment. MnCo2O4/NGr functions with stable discharge profile of 1.2 V at 20 mA cm−2, large discharge capacity of 707 mAh g−1Zn at 40 mA cm−2 and a high energy density of 813 Wh kg−1Zn in a mechanically rechargeable zinc–air battery. The electrically rechargeable MnCo2O4/NGr zinc–air battery displays hybrid behavior with both Faradaic and oxygen redox charge–discharge characteristics, operating at higher voltage and providing higher power density and excellent cyclic efficiency of 86% for over 100 cycles compared to Pt/C with efficiency of around 60%. Moreover, hybrid zinc–air battery operates with a stable and energy efficient profile at different current densities.
Northern bobwhite population responses to winter weather along their northern range periphery
Authors: Janke Adam K. , Terhune Theron M. , Gates Robert J. , Long C. Robert 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTRelationships between northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population dynamics and weather are well‐established and managed in the southern and western core of their range. Although a qualitative recognition of effects of winter weather at the northern edge of the northern bobwhite range exists, quantitative evaluations that examine impacts of severe winter weather events on declining northern populations are lacking. We used radiotelemetry to evaluate relationships between daily survival and winter weather in 2 northern populations in Maryland and Ohio, USA. Ninety‐day winter (Dec–Feb) survival varied with total snow accumulation among years and sites, with lowest survival (0.007, SE = 0.007) occurring during greatest snow accumulation and highest survival (0.498, SE = 0.088) during the mildest winter. Snow depths were negatively associated with daily survival in Ohio and Maryland, whereas association with temperature was marginal and differed among sites and years. We used northern bobwhite counts from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS) to test whether local effects of snow accumulation on winter survival manifest in population reductions up to 5 years following locally extreme snow accumulation events on 128 routes in the northern bobwhite range. Our best‐supported linear mixed model showed snow accumulation during 4 preceding winters was associated with population declines, with declining associations between abundance and snow accumulation over longer time lags. Our NABBS analysis linked local demographic effects from the radiotelemetry study to population‐level changes in abundance at a wide geographic scale, collectively illustrating the capacity for comparatively rare but severe winter weather events to produce a legacy of population change among northern populations. Conservation strategies for these populations should take into account the potential effect of severe winter weather on population stability and seek to employ conservation measures that increase resiliency to severe winter weather events. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Women's Experience with Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing and Emotional Well‐being and Satisfaction after Test‐Results
Authors: van Schendel Rachèl V. , Page‐Christiaens G. C. M. Lieve , Beulen Lean , Bilardo Caterina M. , de Boer Marjon A. , Coumans Audrey B. C. , Faas Brigitte H. W. , van Langen Irene M. , Lichtenbelt Klaske D. , van Maarle Merel C. , Macville Merryn V. E. , Oepkes Dick , Pajkrt Eva , Henneman Lidewij ,   for the Dutch NIPT Consortium
Published: June 2017

AbstractIncreasingly, high‐risk pregnant women opt for non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) instead of invasive diagnostic testing. Since NIPT is less accurate than invasive testing, a normal NIPT result might leave women less reassured. A questionnaire study was performed among pregnant women with elevated risk for fetal aneuploidy based on first‐trimester combined test (risk ≥1:200) or medical history, who were offered NIPT in the nationwide Dutch TRIDENT study. Pre‐ and post‐test questionnaires (n = 682) included measures on: experiences with NIPT procedure, feelings of reassurance, anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), child‐related anxiety (PRAQ‐R), and satisfaction. The majority (96.1%) were glad to have been offered NIPT. Most (68.5%) perceived the waiting time for NIPT results (mean: 15 days, range 5–32) as (much) too long. Most women with a normal NIPT result felt reassured (80.9%) or somewhat reassured (15.7%). Levels of anxiety and child‐related anxiety were significantly lower after receiving a normal NIPT result as compared to the moment of intake (p < 0.001). Women with inadequate health literacy or a medical history (e.g. previous child with trisomy) experienced significantly higher post‐test‐result anxiety (Mean (M) STAI = 31.6 and 30.0, respectively) compared to those with adequate health literacy (M = 28.6) and no medical history (M = 28.6), indicating these women might benefit from extra information and/or guidance when communicating NIPT test‐results. Introducing NIPT as an alternative to invasive testing, led to an offer that satisfied and largely reassured high‐risk pregnant women.
Working Together for Early Detection of Psychosis
Authors: Riecher-Rössler A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn the last decades psychiatry has taken an important and overdue step which other medical disciplines had taken much earlier, i.e. recognizing the chances of early detection and intervention–first in the field of emerging psychosis, in the meantime also in other fields.ObjectivesTo review new developments in the field of early detection of psychosis and to critically discuss the obstacles still depriving many of our patients of an immediate benefit.MethodsReview and discussion.ResultsNew developments are very promising. Identification of individuals at risk and prediction of transition to psychosis is possible with an excellent accuracy, comparable to other preventive approaches in medicine. And there is growing evidence how this accuracy can even be more improved by using not only clinical assessments but also additional domains such as neurocognition, neurophysiology, or MRI, as well as new methods for analyses such as pattern recognition. Staged intervention according to the degree of risk seems feasible.However, there are still many obstacles to a broad implementation of this new know-how into clinical practice such as lack of communication, political will and finances, or fears, stigma and prejudices.ConclusionsFor the benefit of those concerned - patients and their relatives - a great effort to work together is required from all of us: clinicians, researchers from psychiatry and many other fields, industry, politicians, and last, but not least, patients and their relatives.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Psychotherapies vs. Pharmacotherapies vs. Combination Therapies in Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Cuijpers P. 
Published: June 2017

Both psychological and pharmacological therapies have been found to be effective in the treatment of adult depression and anxiety disorders. Psychological treatments include cognitive behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, behavioral activation, exposure therapies, and several other types of therapy. Pharmacological treatments include SSRIs, SNRIs TCAs, MAIOs and several other types. In this presentation the results of meta-analyses of trials directly comparing the effects of psychological and pharmalogical treatments will be presented, as well as meta-analyses of combined treatments versus either psychotherapy alone or pharmacotherapy alone. Results show that psychological and pharmacological treatments are probably about equally effective at the short term, and combined treatment is more effective than either psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy alone. In the presentation several other issues related to this group of trials will be discussed, like the influence of conflicts of interest and the (lack of) blinding in psychotherapy trials.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Joint Symposium: How Long Do We Have to Wait for the Antidepressant Effect? Mechanisms of Action for Delay of Onset Response to Antidepressants
Authors: Artigas F. 
Published: June 2017

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric syndrome with very high prevalence and socioeconomic impact. Monoamine-based antidepressant drugs (AD) display slow onset of action and limited efficacy. Preclinical studies show that ADs trigger a series of slow adaptive mechanisms that limit the clinical response. These mechanisms result from the pharmacological blockade of monoamine transporters (SERT, NET) and involve presynaptic, such as autoreceptor desensitization (e.g., 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B for serotonin neurons) as well as postsynaptic mechanisms, such as increased neurogenesis and expression of trophic factors, increased dendritic complexity, etc.Given the strong homeostasis of serotonin and noradrenaline neurons, a way to improve antidepressant action is to prevent self-inhibitory presynaptic mechanisms mediated by auto- and heteroreceptors after reuptake blockade. This strategy was used in the past with the non-selective 5-HT1A antagonist pindolol and has been incorporated by two recently developed AD (vilazodone and vortioxetine). Likewise, new molecular strategies using RNA interference (RNAi) show that the modulation of gene expression in serotonin neurons offers a great potential. Hence, local or intrnasal administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules targeting SERT or 5-HT1A autoreceptors evokes rapid and robust antidepressant-like effects in rodents.Moreover, glutamatergic drugs such as the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketmaine, offer a potential for the development of fast-acting AD due to its rapid and persistent antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar patients after single i.v. infusion, an effect that likely involves the activation of AMPA receptors in ventral areas of the cingulate gyrus and the subsequent fast activation of serotonergic function.Disclosure of interestF.A. has received consulting honoraria on antidepressant drugs from Lundbeck and he has been PI of grants from Lundbeck. He is also co-author of the patent WO/2011/131693 for the siRNA and ASO (antisense oligonucleotides) molecules.
Neuroimage Studies: The Effect of Methylphenidate in Cocaine Users with ADHD
Authors: Crunelle C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important contributing factor in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders (SUD), and ADHD occurs more often in populations with SUD compared to the general population. This high prevalence rate and comorbidity may relate to a shared neurobiological vulnerability, including a deregulation of the brain's dopamine system. This comorbidity directly impacts the treatment of ADHD: treatment with methylphenidate is less effective in patients with ADHD and SUD compared to ADHD patients without SUD.MethodsWe investigate the underlying neurobiological background of reduced treatment effectiveness for adult ADHD patients with comorbid SUD.ResultsWe observed lower available dopamine transporters, as well as a reduced binding of methylphenidate to these transporters, and more neurocognitive dysfunction in adults ADHD patients with SUD compared to ADHD patients without SUD.ConclusionComorbid ADHD and SUD has a high prevalence rate and reduces ADHD treatment effectiveness, which makes it necessary to screen for the presence of ADHD in patients seeking SUD treatment. Neurobiological and neurocognitive differences are present between ADHD patients with and without SUD, which together may partially explain the reduced effectiveness of methylphenidate in adult ADHD patients with SUD.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Progressive Frontal Dysconnectivity During Working Memory in eos Patients: A Longitudinal Functional MRI Study
Authors: Frangou S. , Kyriakopoulos M. , Danai D. 
Published: June 2017

Working memory (WM) dysfunction is considered a cardinal feature of schizophrenia. Typically developing adolescents show significant gains in WM performance, which have been attributed to increased “frontalisation” within the fronto-cingulate-parietal network that underpins WM. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and psycho-physiological interaction to measure blood oxygenation level–dependent signal and functional connectivity in response to the 2-back WM task from 25 youths with EOS and 25 yoked healthy adolescents that were assessed twice with a mean interval of 4 years between assessments. Patients showed reduced prefrontal connectivity at baseline and the magnitude of this effect increased over the follow-up period. Our results suggest on-going functional connectivity abnormalities in EOS patients’ post-disease onset that are linked to prefrontal dysfunction and contribute to worsening WM despite anti–psychotic treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Baseline, Two-year, and Five-year Follow-up of Children and Adolescents with First-episode Psychosis: A Spanish Cohort
Authors: Janssen J. , Schnack H. , Martínez K. , Santonja J. , Aleman-Gomez Y. , Pina-Camacho L. , Fraguas D. , Moreno C. , Arango C. , Parellada M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundEarly-onset first-episode psychosis (FEP) and high functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neuro–developmental disorders that share symptomatology but it is not clear if they also share neurobiological abnormalities (Chisholm et al., 2015). We examined thickness, surface area and volume in a direct comparison of children and adolescents with FEP (onset before 18 years), high-functioning ASD, and healthy subjects.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging scans of 85 participants (30 ASD, 29 FEP, 26 healthy controls, age range 10–18 years) were obtained from the same MR scanner using the same acquisition protocol. The FreeSurfer analysis suite was used to quantify vertex-wise estimates of the metrics thickness, surface area, and volume.ResultsASD and FEP had spatially overlapping insular deficits for each metric. The transdiagnostic overlap of deficits was greatest for volume (55% of all insular vertices) and smallest for thickness (18%). Insular thickness and surface area deficits did not overlap in ASD and overlapped only in 8% of all insular vertices in FEP.ConclusionsMorphological insular deficits are common to FEP and high functioning ASD when compared to healthy participants. The pattern of deficits was similar in both disorders, i.e. a largely non-overlap of insular thickness and surface area. The non-overlap provides further evidence that these metrics represent two independent outcomes of corticogenesis, both of which are affected in FEP and ASD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interventions in the Health and Non-health Sectors Aimed at Promoting Mental Health
Authors: Herrman H. 
Published: June 2017

The impact of social determinants on women's mental health is becoming clearer worldwide. Poverty, violence and communal insecurity are among the main challenges to women's mental health and the health of their families. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders experienced by women. It typically has an early onset in life and is more frequently found in women made vulnerable by trauma.Improving mental health for women and girls requires early intervention for depression and other mental disorders; with gender sensitive clinical care and support for recovery in primary health care, and mother, child and reproductive health settings. Early intervention in primary health care and collaboration with patients and family carers encourage integration of mental health with the health care system, in turn protective of human rights.In addition, gender equity and observance of human rights need to be embedded in policy and practice in health and non-health sectors to ensure that women's mental health is promoted and mental illnesses adequately prevented and treated. Effective promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders is possible in countries of all income levels.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.