bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Colleges of Multan District: Data Envelope Approach Analysis
Authors: Batool Sumaira , Abbs Imran , Farooq Fatima , Ahmad Ishtiaq 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of public and private sector colleges in Multan district. We use output oriented data envelopment analysis to measure technical and scale efficiency of a sample of 40 colleges, using data for the year 2014. DEA, which is the most popular technique used to measure the relative efficiency of non-profit organizations due to the absence of prices or relative values of educational outputs, is employed to compare efficiency of both types of colleges. Moreover, it can handle multiple inputs and outputs with great ease. As public and private colleges are working under similar environmental conditions, we have used a single frontier, incorporating four educational inputs and four outputs. The results of the data demonstrate that private colleges lag behind public colleges in terms of CRS and VRS technical efficiency scores and scale efficiency scores. Our study of colleges is in contrast with the dominant paradigm that private colleges outperform the state-run colleges.
Comentario sobre el artículo: "Uso de la mejor evidencia para el manejo de la hipertensión".
Authors: Gonzalez Quiñones Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2017

Este artículo presenta los comentarios los encontrados en la página Therapeutics Initiative sobre el manejo de la hipertensión arterial. Una información verdaderamente útil con la posibilidad de poderse aplicar. Asumiendo el reto de resumirlo, pero aclarando que nada mejor que leer el original, les presentamos estas sencillas pautas.
Étude d'un muṣḥaf maghrébin atypique du XVIIe siècle : analyse conjointe des qirāʾāt et des encres
Authors: Chahdi Hassan , Roger-Puyo Patricia 
Published: October 2017

L'étude d'un manuscrit ancien relève souvent pour les chercheurs en ce domaine d'une quête relative au contenu de ce dernier. Parmi ceux que le contenant intéresse également, il est possible d'en entreprendre une analyse matérielle sans impact pour l'intégrité de l'ouvrage, à partir d'outils spécifiques dès le moment où ces derniers sont conçus pour et bien maîtrisés. Notre recherche concerne un manuscrit du XVIIe siècle issu d'une collection privée. Il s'agit d'un Mushaf maghrébin atypique ayant à sa marge un corpus de variantes de lectures. Il comporte très peu de renseignements relatifs à sa fabrication mais porte les marques de plusieurs interventions. L'analyse conjointe a été entreprise du fait de l'aspect atypique de cet ouvrage et d'un questionnement portant sur le nombre de mains ayant pu intervenir lors des différentes lectures dans le temps. A la suite de cette analyse conjointe cette étude a permis de mieux comprendre la fabrication du texte, de mieux connaître les matériaux employés pour la matérialisation de ce dernier et au-delà nous permet de livrer une part de l'histoire de ce manuscrit. [To researchers, the study of an old manuscript often consists of the analysis of its content. For those also interested in its materiality it is possible to undertake material analyses without jeopardising the object's integrity by using specific tools, as long as they are properly conceived and mastered. Our research concerns a manuscript of the seventeenth century kept in a private collection: an atypical musḥaf from the Islamic Maghreb, featuring in its margins a peculiar corpus of alternative readings. It contains very little information relative to its production but carries the marks of several interventions. A joint historical and material analysis was undertaken due to the atypical aspect of this work and to answer questions regarding the number of different hands contributing to the editing of the manuscript during the reading process over time. Thanks to this two-fold study, this study allows us to better understand the actual process by which the manuscript was manufactured, to identify which materials were used for this work, and to uncover a part of this manuscript's history.]
Cosmic Rays and Non-thermal Emission Induced by Accretion of Cool Gas onto the Galactic Disk
Authors: Inoue Susumu , Uchiyama Yasunobu , Arakawa Masanori , Renaud Matthieu , Wada Keiichi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
On both observational and theoretical grounds, the disk of our Galaxy should be accreting cool gas with temperature

K via the halo at a rate ∼

. At least some of this accretion is mediated by high-velocity clouds (HVCs), observed to be traveling in the halo with velocities of a few 100 km s−1 and occasionally impacting the disk at such velocities, especially in the outer regions of the Galaxy. We address the possibility of particle acceleration in shocks triggered by such HVC accretion events, and the detectability of consequent non-thermal emission in the radio to gamma-ray bands and high-energy neutrinos. For plausible shock velocities

and magnetic field strengths

, electrons and protons may be accelerated up to ∼1–10 TeV and

TeV, respectively, in sufficiently strong adiabatic shocks during their lifetime of

. The resultant pion decay and inverse Compton gamma-rays may be the origin of some unidentified Galactic GeV–TeV sources, particularly the “dark” source HESS J1503–582 that is spatially coincident with the anomalous H i structure known as “forbidden-velocity wings.” Correlation of their locations with star-forming regions may be weak, absent, or even opposite. Non-thermal radio and X-ray emission from primary and/or secondary electrons may be detectable with deeper observations. The contribution of HVC accretion to Galactic cosmic rays is subdominant, but could be non-negligible in the outer Galaxy. As the thermal emission induced by HVC accretion is likely difficult to detect, observations of such phenomena may offer a unique perspective on probing gas accretion onto the Milky Way and other galaxies.
Hard X-Ray Emission from the M87 AGN Detected with NuSTAR
Authors: Wong Ka-Wah , Nemmen Rodrigo S. , Irwin Jimmy A. , Lin Dacheng 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
M87 hosts a 3–6 billion solar mass black hole with a remarkable relativistic jet that has been regularly monitored in radio to TeV bands. However, hard X-ray emission ≳10 keV, which would be expected to primarily come from the jet or the accretion flow, had never been detected from its unresolved X-ray core. We report NuSTAR detection up to 40 keV from the the central regions of M87. Together with simultaneous Chandra observations, we have constrained the dominant hard X-ray emission to be from its unresolved X-ray core, presumably in its quiescent state. The core spectrum is well fitted by a power law with photon index

. The measured flux density at 40 keV is consistent with a jet origin, although emission from the advection-dominated accretion flow cannot be completely ruled out. The detected hard X-ray emission is significantly lower than that predicted by synchrotron self-Compton models introduced to explain emission above a GeV.
La catégorie des PME à l’épreuve de l’histoire longue des territoires industriels alpins (France. XVIII e -XXI e siècles)
Authors: Judet Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Redécouvertes avec la crise des années 1980, les PME sont aujourd’hui présentées comme essentielles dans la lutte contre le chômage, pour développer la flexibilité de l’économie et pour le respect de l’environnement. Définie seulement partir des années 1960, cette catégorie s’est construite par opposition à la grande entreprise qui représentait la modernité. Comme les sources les concernant ne sont ni abondantes ni homogènes, faire l’histoire des PME ne va pas de soi, surtout en terrain alpin, où l’industrie est mal prise en considération. Ainsi, là plus qu’ailleurs, les PMI ont longtemps été considérées comme des traces du passé destinées à disparaître. Faire cette histoire présente cependant un grand intérêt en raison du caractère de prisme déformant du terrain montagnard. D’une part, les formes d’industries dispersées, antérieures à la « première révolution industrielle » à l’anglaise – quasiment absente en montagne -, y sont particulièrement importantes. D’autre part, le développement de la seconde industrialisation représentée en montagne par l’électroindustrie et ses grandes entreprises a masqué l’importance de ces établissements modestes. Or son effondrement récent a fait apparaître au grand jour un tissu de PMI, longtemps ignoré, et qui peut aujourd’hui apparaître, à tort, comme nouveau. Cet article se propose donc de revenir sur cette histoire longue en s’interrogeant sur la pertinence de cette catégorie en ayant à l’esprit que, pendant chaque période historique, des choix idéologiques s’imposent et obscurcissent la réalité, particulièrement en montagne.
Effets biologiques du retard à la première maternité et du recours à l’aide médicale à la procréation sur la descendance finale
Authors: Leridon Henri 
Published: October 2017

L’évolution de la fécondité dans les pays européens depuis les années 1960 a été marquée par une baisse notable de la descendance finale des générations (plus encore de l’indicateur conjoncturel) et une élévation rapide de l’âge à la première maternité, en général de 3 à 4 ans en une trentaine d’années. Dans le même temps, le recours aux méthodes d’aide médicale à la procréation (AMP) a fortement augmenté. On pourrait donc penser que cette dernière évolution est révélatrice de difficultés croissantes à concevoir, lesquelles pourraient – au moins en partie – résulter du retard dans le calendrier des naissances souhaité par les couples. Pour évaluer l’impact purement biologique du retard dans le calendrier des naissances, et le rattrapage éventuel par les méthodes d’AMP, nous utilisons un modèle de microsimulation, permettant de prendre en compte un grand nombre de paramètres, biologiques et comportementaux. Ces simulations montrent que l’effet biologique du report de 3 à 4 ans de la première naissance sur la descendance finale a été assez limité : entre 0,1 et 0,2 enfant. Quant au recours à l’AMP, il n’a compensé qu’une faible partie de cette diminution, au mieux 10 %.
Do Patients Profit from Third Time CABG?
Authors: Shrestha Malakh , Baraki Hassina , Khaladj Nawid , Koigeldiyev Nurbur , Haverich Axel , Hagl Christian 
Published: October 2017

Introduction It has been shown that in experienced hands repeated CABG is doable procedure. However the quality of life after third time CABG has not been evaluated so far. Patients and Methods The peri-operative data of 25 (22 male, mean age of 65.5 ± 8.0 years) consecutive patients in a single centre undergoing third time-CABG from 4/96 to 11/06 were studied. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by Short Form (SF)-36 Questionnaire. Results 30 day mortality was 12% (3/25). Seven died during follow-up. In 15 survivors median follow-up was 94 months (2–122 months). 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival were 77.8%, 65.0%, and 53.1%, respectively. Present NYHA status was significantly improved in comparison to preoperative values (2.4 ± 0.8 vs. 3.2 ± 0.56, p = 0.012). QoL was comparable with an age matched general population with heart insufficiency. Conclusion Third time CABG can be performed with acceptable peri-operative mortality. Significant improvement of NYHA status and acceptable quality of life results justifies our surgical approach in this challenging patient cohort.
Heterocope borealis in Norway - A copepod on the move, or on the edge of its natural distribution?
Authors: Koksvik Jan Ivar , Jensen Thomas Correll , Kjærstad Gaute 
Published: October 2017

The calanoid copepod Heterocope borealis has been assumed to have an extremely northern distribution in Norway, limited to the north-eastern parts of Finnmark county. The recent records of the species in Lake Fustvatn and Lake Røssvatn in Nordland county was therefore quite unexpected. These lakes are located roughly 700 km south-west of the known distribution area in Norway. There is data on planktonic and/or littoral microcrustaceans from several hundred lakes between the known localities in Finnmark and the two new records in Nordland. The distribution of H. borealis in Finland and Sweden shows a scattered occurrence both in the northern and southern parts of the countries. Possible explanations for the occurrence of the species in the two lakes in Nordland are discussed.
COMPLEXOS EÓLICOS E INJUSTIÇAS AMBIENTAIS: MAPEAMENTO PARTICIPATIVO E VISIBILIZAÇÃO DOS CONFLITOS PROVOCADOS PELA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE PARQUES EÓLICOS NO CEARÁ
Authors: Viana Lígia Alves , Nascimento João Luís Joventino do , Meireles Antônio Jeovah de Andrade 
Published: October 2017

O Estado do Ceará tem intensificado os investimentos para o mercado de suprimentos energéticos através de política(s) de desenvolvimento caracterizada(s) por incentivos à implantação de grandes indústrias e agroindústrias. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar conflitos e (in)justiças ambientais ocasionados pela implantação de Parques Eólicos na Zona Costeira do Ceará por meio da experiência de intercambio entre comunidades que ocorreu em 2014 no Assentamento Maceió e ainda pautando os impactos socioambientais que podem advir com a implantação do projeto do Complexo Eólico Baleia no entorno do Assentamento Maceió, localizado no município de Itapipoca/CE. Para tanto, o percurso metodológico foi baseado em pesquisa participante e elaboração de mapa dos conflitos provocados por parques eólicos no Ceará, por meio do mapeamento participativo e diálogo de saberes entre as comunidades, de modo a identificar os impactos sociais e ambientais impostos às comunidades pelos parques eólicos já implantados e as estratégias de garantia e defesa do território.
Injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates, and non-motorized scooters in the United States: 2005 - 2014
Authors: Milczarski William , Tuckel Peter , Maisel Richard 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To provide an updated and comparative analysis of injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates and non-motorized scooters.Methods: The study uses two national databases – the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample – and subnational databases for New York, California, and Maryland. Univariate and multivariate analyses (negative binomial regression) are performed to identify effects of age, gender, racial-ethnic background, and region on the incidence of injury-related falls from each of the four devices.Results: The rate of injuries due to falls from bicycles far surpasses the rates due to falls from the other devices. When a measure of “exposure” is taken into consideration, however, the rate of injuries from skateboards outstrips the rates from bicycles or roller skates. The profile of patients who are injured from falls from each of the four devices is distinctive. Asian-Americans are greatly underrepresented among those who suffer a fall-related injury from any of the four devices. The incidence of injuries attributable to falls varies considerably by geographic region.Conclusions: Public health officials need to be mindful that while certain activities such as scootering might be gaining in popularity, the number of injuries sustained from bicycles still dwarfs the number attributable to falls from skateboards, roller skates, and scooters combined. Thus special attention needs to be paid to both prevent falls from bicycles and specific treatment modalities. It is important for public health officials to gather injury data at the local level to allocate prevention and treatment resources more efficiently.
Effect of implementing an educational module on improving mothers knowledge, home management and attitude about febrile convulsion
Authors: Elbilgahy Amal Ahmed , Abd El Aziz Rehab Abd El Aziz El Sayed 
Published: October 2017

Background/Objective: Febrile convulsions (FCs) are the most common convulsive disorder of childhood, and represent a benign condition in children. FC occurrence can affect negatively on the familial quality of life and the parents may experience anxiety and fear with every time child develops fever. Therefore, parents and care givers should be educated about febrile convulsion and its home management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementing an educational module on mother's knowledge, home management and attitude about febrile convulsion.Methods: A quasi experimental research design using one group pre & post-test was used. The study sample included 107 mothers of children with febrile convulsion according to statistical consultant and statistical formula. The inclusion criteria were: all mothers of children with first or recurrent FC and the children age was from 6 months to five years. The study was conducted at the Emergency department, outpatient clinic and medical word affiliated to Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt. Results: It was found that, fifty two percent (52.3%) of studied children were boys with the mean age were Mean ± SD 2.76 ± 1.30 for children and 30.29 ± 6.41 for mothers. Percentage of studied mother with good knowledge at base line was low (11.2%) while, this percentage was improved to 65.4% with a mean knowledge score 3.98 ± 2.18 before module and 9.70 ± 1.56 after module implementation. In addition, sixty four percent (64.4%) of studied mothers had inappropriate practice and home management compared to less than half (44.9%) after module implementation; the difference was statistically significant (p = .005). Only 25.3% of mothers had positive attitude about febrile convulsion before module implementation and this percentage was improved to 57.9% after module implementation with the mean score of attitude 18.42 ± 5.84 before module and 24.71 ± 6.76 post module implementation and the difference was statistically significant (p = .025).Conclusions: The study concluded that, the use of educational intervention programs and mothers support group were influenced positively in improving mothers’ knowledge, home management & attitude about FC and its management; but still some mothers having inappropriate home management and negative attitude. Therefore, it is recommended further education in the pediatric clinic or via mass media.
Development of an LC-MS/MS Determination Method for T-2 Toxin and Its Glucoside and Acetyl Derivatives for Estimating the Contamination of Total T-2 Toxins in Staple Flours
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroyuki , Matsuo Yosuke , McCormick Susan , Lim Chee Wei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A determination method previously validated for trichothecenes and zearalenone by means of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was adapted for the quantification of T-2 toxin (T-2) as well as its glucoside and acetyl derivatives, T-2-3-glucoside (T-2-3G) and 3-acetyl-T-2 (3A-T-2). HT-2 toxin (HT-2) and its acetyl derivative 3-acetyl-HT-2 (3A-HT-2) were also included as the target chemicals. Staple flours (56 samples collected from the Singapore market) were examined for contamination from T-2 and/or HT-2 and their derivatives. Among them, 16 flours were found to be contaminated with T-2 and/or HT-2, whereas none was contaminated with T-2-3G and 3A-HT-2, except for trace 3A-T-2 detected in 2 rye samples. Rye flour samples were frequently contaminated with both T-2 and HT-2. Some of the reference materials (RMs) were further analyzed, and T-2-3G and 3A-T-2 were quantitatively detected in corn and wheat RMs. The ratio of T-2-3G to T-2 in the RMs seemed to be much lower than the ratio of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside to deoxynivalenol usually reported in former studies. To the best of our knowledge, the natural contamination of 3A-T-2 in staple flour is reported here for the first time.
Fetal Vascular Malperfusion
Authors: Heider Amer 
Published: October 2017

Context.—Fetal vascular malperfusion, also known as fetal thrombotic vasculopathy, remains an underrecognized pathologic finding and should be noted during placental evaluation.Objective.—To review histologic findings, gain familiarity with the updated terminology, and to recognize important clinical associations with this entity.Data Sources.—University of Michigan cases, PubMed search, multiple review articles including recent placental workshop group consensus statement, and selected book chapters.Conclusions.—Multiple histologic patterns of fetal vascular malperfusion have been described including thrombosis, avascular villi, villous stromal-vascular karyorrhexis, intramural fibrin thrombi, and stem villous vascular obliteration. Various underlying etiologies can be involved in fetal vascular malperfusion. Cord lesions including abnormal insertion, length, and coiling are important causes. Maternal vascular malperfusion such as preeclampsia, hypercoagulable states, lupus anticoagulant, and sometimes diabetes have been associated with this condition. Fetal cardiac dysfunction/malformations and severe fetal inflammatory response in the setting of ascending intrauterine infection have also been attributed to this important finding. Fetal vascular malperfusion has been implicated in several significant and sometimes devastating clinical associations; these include intrauterine growth restriction, poor perinatal outcome, fetal demise, and neurodevelopmental sequelae. A diagnostic challenge may be encountered in cases with prior intrauterine fetal death, since degenerative changes post demise result in a similar histomorphologic picture. The diffuse versus the focal nature of the lesions may help in the distinction.
Histologic Mimics of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Stanoszek Lauren M. , Wang Grace Y. , Harms Paul W. 
Published: October 2017

Context.—Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm and is a frequently encountered diagnosis in dermatopathology. Although BCC may be locally destructive, it rarely metastasizes. Many diagnostic entities display morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with BCC, including nonneoplastic processes, such as follicular induction over dermatofibroma; benign follicular tumors, such as trichoblastoma, trichoepithelioma, or basaloid follicular hamartoma; and malignant tumors, such as sebaceous carcinoma or Merkel cell carcinoma. Thus, misdiagnosis has significant potential to result in overtreatment or undertreatment.Objective.—To review key features distinguishing BCC from histologic mimics, including current evidence regarding immunohistochemical markers useful for that distinction.Data Sources.—Review of pertinent literature on BCC immunohistochemistry and differential diagnosis.Conclusions.—In most cases, BCC can be reliably diagnosed by histopathologic features. Immunohistochemistry may provide useful ancillary data in certain cases. Awareness of potential mimics is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and resulting inappropriate management.