bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet flexibility in a declining long‐distance migrant may allow it to escape the consequences of phenological mismatch with its caterpillar food supply
Authors: Mallord John W. , Orsman Christopher J. , Cristinacce Andrew , Stowe Tim J. , Charman Elisabeth C. , Gregory Richard D. 
Published: November 2016

Climate‐driven shifts in prey phenology may lead to asynchrony with the timing of peak resource requirements of their predators, leading to a reduction in productivity and population declines. Migrant species that cannot adjust their arrival times may be particularly at risk, especially those that breed in seasonal environments and for which a temporarily super‐abundant prey source is important, such as insectivorous passerine birds that take advantage of the seasonal flush of caterpillars to feed their young. We assess whether population declines of the trans‐Saharan migratory Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix are likely to have been caused by phenological mismatch. We measured seasonal invertebrate biomass and various fitness parameters, including the timing of breeding and breeding success, in two time periods: 1982–1984, prior to the species’ decline in the UK, and 2009–2011, as the reduction in numbers continued. Although birds bred on average a week earlier in 2009–2011 than in 1982–1984, this was not adequate to track the more rapid advancement of peak caterpillar biomass, which advanced by 12 days and was closely correlated with spring temperatures. Moreover, although caterpillars were the dominant prey fed to nestlings, there was only limited evidence that productivity was positively related to caterpillar biomass in the environment. Considering only successful nests, synchrony with the food peak did not produce heavier nestlings and had only a small positive effect on fledging success, although there was a seasonal decline in productivity when all nests were considered. We conclude that the lack of a marked effect of the observed mismatch is due to Wood Warblers’ generalist diet, enabling them to breed successfully on prey other than caterpillars. Although other studies have demonstrated that climate‐driven asynchrony of predator and prey populations can have impacts on avian demography, this study highlights the importance of investigating the generality of those findings.
Mate and territory availability affect breeding dispersal and divorce in a resident Southern House WrenTroglodytes aedon musculuspopulation
Authors: Carro Mariana E. , Llambías Paulo E. , Fernández Gustavo J. 
Published: November 2016

Breeding dispersal is the movement of an individual between breeding attempts and is usually associated with the disruption of the social pair bond, although mates may disperse together as a social unit. In monogamous territorial species, the decision to disperse may be affected by individual attributes such as sex, age and condition of the disperser. However, environmental and social contexts may also play a crucial role in the decision to disperse. We analysed capture‐resighting data collected over 9 years to study breeding dispersal and divorce rates of a Southern House WrenTroglodytes aedon musculuspopulation in South Temperate Argentina. Between‐season dispersal was more frequent than within‐season dispersal, with females dispersing more often than males, both between and within seasons. Both within‐season and between‐season breeding dispersal probability was affected by territory availability, but not by previous breeding success. When the adult sex ratio (ASR) was more skewed towards males, male between‐season dispersal was also affected by mating status, with widowed and single males dispersing more often than paired males. Within‐season divorce increased the reproductive success of females but not males, and was affected by the availability of social partners (with increasingly male‐skewedASR). Our results suggest that territorial vacancies and mating opportunities affect dispersal and divorce rates in resident Southern House Wrens, highlighting the importance of social and environmental contexts for dispersal behaviour and the stability of social pair bonds.
The “ideal” food consumer in Home Economics: A study of Swedish textbooks from 1962 to 2011
Authors: Eriksson Lolita , Hjälmeskog Karin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIs the ideal food consumer, educated in Home Economics in Sweden, one who makes sustainable choices? By examining Home Economics textbooks for lower secondary school published from 1962 to 2011, we explored what kind of food consumers emerged and thus open up a discussion on sustainability and food consumption. One standard textbook from each decade, in total six, was included in the study, and the passages dealing with food, as core content, were analyzed. Discourse analysis was used to reveal different characterizations of the ideal consumers, specifically in relation to sustainable food consumption. Three different discourses emerged: (a) the healthy and obedient consumer, (b) the healthy, thrifty, and caring consumer, and (c) the healthy, thrifty, and environmentally conscious consumer. There were both similarities and differences among these consumers, specifically regarding what knowledge they are shown to need and how they are supposed to learn. All three consumers are primarily motivated by health arguments, even though health is related to finances in the second and to both finances and environment in the third case. Furthermore, we found a common tendency for textbooks to express knowledge in a prescriptive way, with the implied belief that people are rational food consumers. This tendency leads us to suggest that the discussion about future consumer education and textbooks could be broadened and strengthened by the inclusion of a participative and critical approach and social responsibility.
Neural network models for growth of Salmonella serotypes in ground chicken subjected to temperature abuse during cold storage for application in HACCP and risk assessment
Authors: Oscar Thomas. P. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryPredictive microbiology models are valuable tools for helping to assess and manage the risk of illness from food contaminated with human pathogens, such as Salmonella. However, multiple versions of a model may be needed for different food safety applications, such as hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) programs and risk assessment. A neural network model for growth of Salmonella in ground chicken as a function of time (0 to 8 days) at 16 °C and serotype (n = 8) was developed. The proportion of residuals in an acceptable prediction zone (pAPZ) from −1 log (fail‐safe) to 0.5 log (fail‐dangerous) was 0.948 for training data (n = 192) and 0.988 for testing data (n = 84). A pAPZ ≥0.7 indicated that the model provided predictions with acceptable bias and accuracy. Thus, the model was successfully validated. Different versions of the model were developed for application in HACCP and risk assessment.
Isolation of peptides from a novel brewers spent grain protein isolate with potential to modulate glycaemic response
Authors: Connolly Alan , O'Keeffe Martina B. , Nongonierma Alice B. , Piggott Charles O. , FitzGerald Richard J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activity of a Brewers’ spent grain protein‐enriched isolate (BSG‐PI) Alcalase™ hydrolysate (AlcH), which had previously been identified as a relatively potent angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was determined. The half maximal DPP‐IV inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of AlcH following 240‐min digestion was 3.57 ± 0.19 mg mL−1. Ultrafiltration fractionation did not significantly increase the DPP‐IV inhibitory activity of the AlcH fractions. Subjection of AlcH to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), which yielded SAlcH, resulted in a significant increase in DPP‐IV inhibitory activity (P < 0.05), particularly after the intestinal phase of digestion. Following semi‐preparative reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) fractionation of SAlcH, fraction 28 was identified as having highest mean DPP‐IV inhibitory activity. Two novel DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides, ILDL and ILLPGAQDGL, with IC50 values of 1121.1 and 145.5 μm, respectively, were identified within fraction 28 of SAlcH following ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). BSG protein‐derived peptides were confirmed as having dual ACE and DPP‐IV inhibitory activities.
Catheter Ablation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Associated With Occlusion of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
Authors: BENHAYON DANIEL , NOF EYAL , CHIK WILLIAM W. , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS 
Published: November 2016

Catheter AblationMajor vessel injury during right ventricular outflow tract ablation is not something widely recognized, and routine evaluation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery location in relation to the septal right ventricle is not routinely performed. In the present article, we report a case of acute LAD occlusion after right ventricular outflow tract ablation and then illustrate the intimately close relationship of the LAD artery to the anterior septal site of the RVOT (approximately 2–3 cm under the pulmonic valve), using a combination of intracardiac echocardiography and 3‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping recorded during a second case, in order to specifically point to the area at risk.
Biophysical Modeling to Determine the Optimization of Left Ventricular Pacing Site and AV/VV Delays in the Acute and Chronic Phase of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: LEE ANGELA W. C. , CROZIER ANDREW , HYDE EOIN R. , LAMATA PABLO , TRUONG MICHAEL , SOHAL MANAV , JACKSON THOMAS , BEHAR JONATHAN M. , CLARIDGE SIMON , SHETTY ANOOP , SAMMUT EVA , PLANK GERNOT , RINALDI CHRISTOPHER ALDO , NIEDERER STEVEN 
Published: November 2016

Device Optimization for Acute and Chronic CRTBackgroundCardiac anatomy and function adapt in response to chronic cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The effects of these changes on the optimal left ventricle (LV) lead location and timing delay settings have yet to be fully explored.ObjectiveTo predict the effects of chronic CRT on the optimal LV lead location and device timing settings over time.MethodsBiophysical computational cardiac models were generated for 3 patients, immediately post‐implant (ACUTE) and after at least 6 months of CRT (CHRONIC). Optimal LV pacing area and device settings were predicted by pacing the ACUTE and CHRONIC models across the LV epicardium (49 sites each) with a range of 9 pacing settings and simulating the acute hemodynamic response (AHR) of the heart.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the distribution of the AHR in the ACUTE and CHRONIC models (P < 0.0005 in all cases). The site delivering the maximal AHR shifted location between the ACUTE and CHRONIC models but provided a negligible improvement (<2%). The majority of the acute optimal LV pacing regions (76–100%) and device settings (76–91%) remained optimal chronically.ConclusionOptimization of the LV pacing location and device settings were important at the time of implant, with a reduced benefit over time, where the majority of the acute optimal LV pacing region and device settings remained optimal with chronic CRT.
Exaggerated Reactivity of Parasympathetic Nerves Is Involved in Ventricular Fibrillation in J‐Wave Syndrome
Authors: SHINOHARA TETSUJI , KONDO HIDEKAZU , OTSUBO TOYOKAZU , FUKUI AKIRA , YUFU KUNIO , NAKAGAWA MIKIKO , TAKAHASHI NAOHIKO 
Published: November 2016

Reactivity of Vagal Nerves Is Involved in VFIntroductionBrugada syndrome (BrS) and early repolarization syndrome (ERS) are termed the J‐wave syndrome. In most cases of J‐wave syndrome, ventricular fibrillation (VF) often occurs around midnight or in the early morning when parasympathetic tone is augmented.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between VF and autonomic nervous activity in patients with J‐wave syndrome.Methods and ResultsWe enrolled 28 consecutive patients with J‐wave syndrome (20 BrS and 8 ERS) in whom implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) were implanted between January 2002 and December 2014. Eleven patients (39%) experienced ICD shock delivery due to VF recurrence after ICD implantation (recurrent‐VF group). We investigated baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) using the phenylephrine method, heart rate variability (HRV) with Holter electrocardiography, plasma levels of norepinephrine, and cardiac 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy to estimate autonomic nervous function. Upon measurement of HRV, plasma levels of norepinephrine, and 123I‐MIBG testing, there was no significant difference between recurrent‐VF and nonrecurrent‐VF groups. However, BRS was significantly higher in the recurrent‐VF group than in the nonrecurrent‐VF group (P = 0.03). Kaplan–Meier curves suggested that high‐BRS patients had higher VF recurrence than those with nonhigh‐BRS (P = 0.04). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that high BRS was associated independently with VF recurrence (P = 0.002).ConclusionsOur results suggest that exaggerated reactivity of parasympathetic nerves, as represented by increased BRS, may underlie VF in patients with J‐wave syndrome.
A multicomponent quality improvement intervention to improve blood pressure and reduce racial disparities in rural primary care practices
Authors: Cené Crystal W. , Halladay Jacqueline R. , Gizlice Ziya , Donahue Katrina E. , Cummings Doyle M. , Hinderliter Alan , Miller Cassandra , Johnson Larry F. , Garcia Beverly , Tillman Jim , Little Edwin P. , Rachide Marjorie R. , Keyserling Thomas C. , Ammerman Alice , Zhou Haibo , Wu Jia‐Rong , DeWalt Darren 
Published: November 2016

The Southeastern United States has the highest prevalence of hypertension and African Americans have disproportionately worse blood pressure control. The authors sought to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent practice‐based quality improvement intervention on lowering mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 12 and 24 months compared with baseline among 525 patients, and to assess for a differential effect of the intervention by race (African Americans vs white). At 12 months, both African Americans (−5.0 mm Hg) and whites (−7.8 mm Hg) had a significant decrease in mean SBP compared with baseline, with no significant between‐group difference. Similarly, at 24 months, mean SBP decreased in both African Americans (−6.0 mm Hg) and whites (−7.2 mm Hg), with no significant difference between groups. Notably, no significant racial disparity in mean SBP at baseline was shown. The intervention was effective in lowering mean SBP in both African Americans and whites but there was no differential effect of the intervention by race.
A novel P53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory feedback loop activates mutated SASH1 to cause pathologic hyperpigmentation
Authors: Zhou Ding'an , Wei Zhiyun , Kuang Zhongshu , Luo Huangchao , Ma Jiangshu , Zeng Xing , Wang Ke , Liu Beizhong , Gong Fang , Wang Jing , Lei Shanchuan , Wang Dongsheng , Zeng Jiawei , Wang Teng , He Yong , Yuan Yongqiang , Dai Hongying , He Lin , Xing Qinghe 
Published: November 2016

Abstractp53‐Transcriptional‐regulated proteins interact with a large number of other signal transduction pathways in the cell, and a number of positive and negative autoregulatory feedback loops act upon the p53 response. P53 directly controls the POMC/α‐MSH productions induced by ultraviolet (UV) and is associated with UV‐independent pathological pigmentation. When identifying the causative gene of dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH), we found three mutations encoding amino acid substitutions in the gene SAM and SH3 domain containing 1 (SASH1), and SASH1 was associated with guanine nucleotide‐binding protein subunit‐alpha isoforms short (Gαs). However, the pathological gene and pathological mechanism of DUH remain unknown for about 90 years. We demonstrate that SASH1 is physiologically induced by p53 upon UV stimulation and SASH and p53 is reciprocally induced at physiological and pathophysiological conditions. SASH1 is regulated by a novel p53/POMC/α‐MSH/Gαs/SASH1 cascade to mediate melanogenesis. A novel p53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory positive feedback loop is regulated by SASH1 mutations to induce pathological hyperpigmentation phenotype. Our study demonstrates that a novel p53/POMC/Gαs/SASH1 autoregulatory positive feedback loop is regulated by SASH1 mutations to induce pathological hyperpigmentation phenotype.
Permanent tooth loss and sugar‐sweetened beverage intake in U.S. young adults
Authors: Kim Sunkyung , Park Sohyun , Lin Mei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveIn young adults, sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is associated with dental caries, which in turn is a major contributor to tooth loss. The independent role of SSB intake on tooth loss, however, has not been well‐described. This cross‐sectional study examined associations between tooth loss and SSB intake among U.S. young adults.MethodsThe outcome was number of permanent teeth lost because of dental caries or periodontal disease (0, 1–5, ≥6 teeth). Data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used. The 22,526 adults aged 18‐39 years completed the Sugar Drink Module. The exposure variable was daily frequency of SSB intake. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the adjusted associations between tooth loss and daily SSB consumption (0, >0 to <1, 1–2, >2 times/day).ResultsApproximately, 26% of young adults reported losing at least one permanent tooth. Tooth loss was positively associated with SSB intake frequency; the odds of losing 1–5 teeth were higher among adults drinking SSBs >0–<1 times/day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.16–1.79), 1–2 times/day (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.25–1.99), and >2 times/day (OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.51–2.58) than non‐SSB consumers. The odds of losing ≥6 teeth were higher among adults drinking SSBs 1–2 times/day (OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.15–4.22) and >2 times/day (OR = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.37–5.76) than non‐SSB consumers.ConclusionsFrequency of SSB consumption was positively associated with tooth loss among young adults even when the average SSB intake was less than one time per day. This study suggests that efforts to reduce SSB intake among young adults may help to decrease the risk of tooth loss.
Pharmacokinetics of oral terbinafine in adult horses
Authors: Younkin T. J. , Davis E. G. , Kukanich B. 
Published: November 2016

The primary study objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics of p.o. terbinafine alone to p.o. terbinafine administered with p.o. cimetidine in healthy adult horses. The second objective was to assess the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine when administered per rectum in two different suspensions at 30 mg/kg to adult horses. Six healthy adult horses were included in this crossover study. Plasma terbinafine concentrations were quantified with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The half‐life (geometric mean) was 8.38 and 10.76 h, for p.o. alone and p.o. with cimetidine, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentrations were 0.291 μg/mL at 1.54 h and 0.418 μg/mL at 1.28 h for p.o. alone and p.o. with cimetidine, respectively. Terbinafine with cimetidine had an average CMAX 44% higher and the relative F was 153% compared p.o. terbinafine alone, but was not statistically different (P > 0.05). Terbinafine was infrequently detected when administered per rectum in two different suspensions (water or olive oil). Minor adverse effects included oral irritation, fever, and colic. All resolved spontaneously. More pharmacokinetic studies are indicated assessing drug–drug interactions and using multiple dosing intervals to improve our knowledge of effective oral dosing, the potential for drug accumulation, and systemic adverse effect of terbinafine in horses.
An approach for identifying cryptic barriers to gene flow that limit species' geographic ranges
Authors: Micheletti Steven J. , Storfer Andrew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSpecies' geographic range limits are most often not demarcated by obvious dispersal barriers. Poor‐quality habitat at the edge of a species' range can prevent range expansion by preventing outward migration or through reducing adaptive potential resulting from decreased genetic diversity. We identified habitat variables that constrain gene flow across the entire geographic range of an endemic salamander (Ambystoma barbouri) in the eastern United States, and we tested whether increased resistance resulting from these variables provides cryptic dispersal barriers at the range edges. Using polymorphic microsatellite loci, we first identified three genetic clusters that are separated by the Ohio and Kentucky rivers. Through a combination of landscape genetic analyses and generalized dissimilarity modelling, we then classified variables that (i) restrict gene flow in each of the genetic clusters across the geographic distribution of A. barbouri and (ii) become more common towards the peripheries of the distribution. A decrease in limestone availability and an increase in growing season precipitation were correlated with high resistance to gene flow across the range, and both became more common at the edges of the species' distribution. However, other landscape variables were more important for explaining variation in geneflow rates in different portions of the range, such as increased mean annual temperature and frost‐free period in the south vs. growing season precipitation in the north. Taken together, these results suggest that there are both range‐wide and regionally specific cryptic habitat barriers preventing geographic range expansion. Species ‘geographic range limits are probably governed by a set of ecological and evolutionary factors, and our landscape genetic approach could be applied to gain additional insight into many systems.
Essential role of Bordetella NadC in a quinolinate salvage pathway for NAD biosynthesis
Authors: Brickman Timothy J. , Suhadolc Ryan J. , McKelvey Pamela J. , Armstrong Sandra K. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is produced via de novo biosynthesis pathways and by salvage or recycling routes. The classical Bordetella bacterial species are known to be auxotrophic for nicotinamide or nicotinic acid. This study confirmed that Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis have the recycling/salvage pathway genes pncA and pncB, for use of nicotinamide or nicotinic acid, respectively, for NAD synthesis. Although these Bordetellae lack the nadA and nadB genes needed for de novo NAD biosynthesis, remarkably, they have one de novo pathway gene, nadC, encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase. Genomic analyses of taxonomically related Bordetella and Achromobacter species also indicated the presence of an ‘orphan’ nadC and the absence of nadA and nadB. When supplied as the sole NAD precursor, quinolinate promoted B. bronchiseptica growth, and the ability to use it required nadC. Co‐expression of Bordetella nadC with the nadB and nadA genes of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans allowed B. bronchiseptica to grow in the absence of supplied pyridines, indicative of de novo NAD synthesis and functional confirmation of Bordetella NadC activity. Expression of nadC in B. bronchiseptica was influenced by nicotinic acid and by a NadQ family transcriptional repressor, indicating that these organisms prioritize their use of pyridines for NAD biosynthesis.