bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Coplanar Stripline Bandpass Filter With Reconfigurable Filter Switch
Authors: Kho Edison , Basu Banani , Nandi Arnab 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article has designed a bandpass filter using a coplanar stripline stub (CPS) resonator consisting of open and short‐ended strip lines connected to the PIN diode switches. The use of spurline stub resonators inside CPS results in bandpass and bandstop filters, depending on the PIN diode switch configurations. The work presents a novel circuit architecture aimed at reducing the parasitic resonance of the spurline resonators and acquiring the necessary series stub characteristics. The proposed filter resonates at 6.9–9, 1.7–4.7, and 8.4 GHz when the PIN diodes are forward and reverse‐biased, respectively. It also resonates at 1–2.1, 4.8–5.3, and 6.9–9 GHz when one diode is reverse‐biased, and the other is connected in forward bias. An insertion loss below −0.55 dB and a return loss less than 10 dB have been obtained during simulation and measurement. The designed filter can find different applications for the 1.8 GHz GSM band, 2.4/5.8 GHz (WLAN), 3.6 GHz (WiMAX), long‐term evolution (LTE), and WIFI. The filter can be used in various multi‐frequency systems owing to its compact size. The measured and simulated findings of the proposed CPS spurline stub resonator wideband bandpass filters are substantially consistent.
Combined Impacts of Autumn Snow Cover on the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast Asia on the Winter Eurasian Temperature
Authors: Chen XinHai , Jia XiaoJing , Xie QianJia , Wu Renguang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the combined effects of autumn snow cover anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Northeast Asia (NEA) on winter Eurasian temperature using observational data for the period 1972–2021 and a linear baroclinic model (LBM). Distinctive wintertime temperature patterns are found across the Eurasian continent corresponding to increased autumn snow cover in NEA when TP experiences normal, above‐normal, or below‐normal snow cover condition. In the scenario with an anomalous increase in autumn snow cover in NEA in combination with normal snow cover condition in TP, the overall winter temperature anomalies tend to be generally weak across the Eurasian continent. In years when autumn TP snow cover is above normal, the spatial distribution of winter temperature anomalies over the Eurasian continent associated with more NEA snow cover exhibits a ‘cold Arctic‐warm Eurasia’ (CAWE) pattern. The emergence of this CAWE pattern can be attributed to the low‐pressure system induced by the intensified NEA snow cover, which is further reinforced by the atmospheric wave train generated by negative North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in winter. This low‐pressure system amplifies the polar vortex and causes cooling in polar regions. Simultaneously, southeasterly winds along the southwestern flank of the North Pacific high‐pressure system contribute to warming in the mid‐latitude regions of Eurasia. While in years when autumn snow cover in TP is less than normal, more snow cover over NEA is accompanied by a ‘warm Arctic‐cold Eurasia’ (WACE) temperature anomaly pattern prevalent during the winter season. The decrease in autumn Barents‐Kara Sea ice is accompanied by a circulation pattern akin to the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during winter, favouring the southward intrusion of cold air, thus contributing to this WACE temperature anomaly pattern. Further analysis reveals that the impact of snow cover on the WACE temperature pattern is, for the most part, independent of the Arctic sea ice.
Development of an ex vivo model to study Staphylococcus aureus invasion of the osteocyte lacuno‐canalicular network
Authors: Vanvelk Niels , de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Metsemakers Willem‐Jan , Moriarty Thomas F. , Siverino Claudia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus has multiple mechanisms to evade the host's immune system and antibiotic treatment. One such mechanism is the invasion of the osteocyte lacuno‐canalicular network (OLCN), which may be particularly important in recurrence of infection after debridement and antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to develop an ex vivo model to facilitate further study of S. aureus invasion of the OLCN and early‐stage testing of antibacterial strategies against bacteria in this niche. The diameter of the canaliculi of non‐infected human, sheep, and mouse bones was measured microscopically on Schmorl's picrothionin stained sections, showing a large overlap in canalicular diameter. S. aureus successfully invaded the OLCN in all species in vitro as revealed by presence in osteocyte lacunae in Brown and Brenn‐stained sections and by scanning electron microscopy. Murine bones were then selected for further experiments, and titanium pins with either a wild‐type or ΔPBP4 mutant S. aureus USA300 were placed trans‐cortically and incubated for 2 weeks in tryptic soy broth. Wild‐type S. aureus readily invaded the osteocyte lacunae in mouse bones while the ΔPBP4 showed a significantly lower invasion of the OLCN (p = 0.0005). Bone specimens were then treated with gentamicin, sitafloxacin, R14 bacteriophages, or left untreated. Gentamicin (p = 0.0027) and sitafloxacin (p = 0.0280) significantly reduced the proportion of S. aureus‐occupied lacunae, whilst bacteriophage treatment had no effect. This study shows that S. aureus is able to invade the OLCN in an ex vivo model. This ex vivo model can be used for future early‐stage studies before proceeding to in vivo studies.
Asymptotic Behavior of Saxion–Axion System in Stringy Quintessence Model
Authors: Seo Min‐Seok 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe late time behavior of the slow‐roll parameter in the stringy quintessence model is studied when axion as well as saxion are allowed to move. Even though the potential is independent of the axion at tree level, the axion can move through its coupling to the saxion and the background geometry. Then the contributions of the axion kinetic energy to the slow‐roll parameter and the vacuum energy density are not negligible when the slow‐roll approximation does not hold. As the dimension of the field space is doubled, the fixed point at which the time variation of the slow‐roll parameter vanishes is not always stable. It is found that the fixed point in the saxion–axion system is at most partially stable, in particular when the volume modulus and the axio‐dilaton, the essential ingredients of the string compactification, are taken into account. It seems that as more saxion–axion pairs are considered, achieving the stability of the fixed point becomes difficult.
Diatomaceous Earth‐Containing Linseed Oil‐Based Environmentally Friendly Hydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Birtane Hatice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of bio‐based building blocks for the synthesis of polymers is increasing day by day. Coatings prepared by modifying bio‐based building blocks such as linseed oil (LO) and diatomaceous earth (DE) are very promising. In this study, bio‐based hydrophobic coatings were prepared by cationic photopolymerization technique using epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and dimer diamine‐modified diatomaceous earth. The bio‐based coatings with hydrophobic properties were prepared by using the spin coating method. ELO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR). The thermal properties of the prepared coatings were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pendulum hardness, pencil hardness, and gel content of the prepared coatings were examined. Also, the hydrophobicity of the obtained bio‐based coatings was determined by contact angle measurements. The highest contact angle among the investigated compositions was found to be 110°.
Binding of Peptides Containing D‐Amino Acids to the Tsg101 Tumor Susceptibility Protein
Authors: Perez Hugo , Chapagain Prem P. , Gerstman Bernard S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTsg101 is implicated in tumorigenesis and viral budding, and its inhibition through peptide binding is a potential therapeutic strategy. We utilized the crystal structure of the Tsg101‐PSAP complex from the protein databank in molecular dynamics studies on peptide‐Tsg101 interactions. To enhance peptide stability against enzymatic degradation, we designed peptides with L‐form terminal prolines and D‐form middle amino acids. These peptides also featured acetylated proline at the N‐terminus and amidated C‐terminus, increasing resistance to proteases. Virtual screening of 400 amino acid combinations identified promising peptide candidates and specific binding sites. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations focused on the peptide PywP, which displayed strong binding stability at a novel Tsg101 site. Further simulations with variations of the D‐form amino acid ′w’ showed that 18 of 21 tested peptides, notably PyeP and PytP, remained firmly bound, highlighting their potential as Tsg101 inhibitors. These peptides also contain hydrophilic residues, potentially improving solubility and therapeutic delivery.
Characterization of Simulated Cytoplasmic Fluids
Authors: El‐Morched Mariam , Barraco Charles , Simionescu Razvan , Harroun Thad , Yan Hongbin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMolecularly crowded solutions have been used to simulate cytoplasmic fluids, but little justification is provided in the literature. This work compared three key physical properties of solutions containing polyethylene glycol and sucrose against those in the cytoplasmic fluid from bacteria Escherichia coli: fluid viscosity, relaxation time (T1 and T2) of water, and the diffusion coefficient of water. It was concluded that appropriate mixtures of sucrose and polyethylene glycol 10,000, such as 10% sucrose and 15% PEG10,000 and 7.5% sucrose and 19% PEG10,000, closely mimic these properties of cytoplasmic fluid from E. coli containing around 100 mg/mL of proteins.
Isoniazid Hybrids As Potential Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Mishra Sahil , Kumar Gobind , Singh Parvesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid emergence of various forms of drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) has massively impacted people's health globally. According to the WHO, TB care and facilities have been downgraded by 21% since the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has further slowed down the progress toward the “End TB Strategy.” Multiple studies have shown drug‐resistant tuberculosis to be resilient to front‐line antituberculosis drugs, including isoniazid (INH), thus constantly prompting researchers worldwide to probe new potent chemical entities to replace/supplement the current artillery of anti‐TB therapeutics. The molecular hybridization (MH) technique has recently been adopted by many synthetic and medicinal chemists to combine different pharmacophoric units into a single molecular architecture which in most cases has been reported to exhibit a better pharmacological profile as compared to its precursors. The present review provides a concise account of the MH hybridization strategies directed at the structural manipulations of isoniazid to develop new anti‐TB agents and their structure‐activity relationships. Furthermore, their toxicity profiles and docking studies with relevant receptors are also briefly discussed.
Dicationic Methylene‐Bridged Bis(1,2,4‐Triazolium): Construction of Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Salts
Authors: Ji Tianlong , Jiang Xiaoyan , Xiong Jin , Yin Ping , Pang Siping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA thermally stable and high nitrogen content energetic cation N,N'‐methylene‐bis(3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium) (MTAT, N = 69.38%, ΔHf = 1959.07 kJ/mol) has been used as a building block for preparing a new family of energetic salts. Compounds 1 and 4 were characterized by infrared and multinuclear NMR spectra. Structural confirmation of four salts (1–4) was supported by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations were performed to calculate the heats of formation and detonation performance using Gaussian 09 and EXPLO5 v6.05 programs, respectively. The impact and friction sensitivity of COMPOUNDS 1 and 2 were measured using BAM standards. Based on experimental and theoretical results, two energetic salts (1 and 3) featuring the novel cation framework MTAT exhibited favorable densities ranging from 1.751 to 1.809 g cm−3 at 298 K, excellent thermal stability (Td: 250–257 °C), acceptable detonation performance (D: 8001–8097 m s−1, P: 23.3–26.7 GPa), and good impact and friction sensitivity (IS: 18–40 J, FS: 240–360 N).
Coumarin‐Tethered‐1,2,3‐Triazoles: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and DFT Studies
Authors: Dhawan Sanjeev , Kumar Gobind , Manhas Neha , Mishra Sahil , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. , Singh Parvesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new series of Coumarin‐tethered‐1,2,3‐triazoles (7a–i and 9a–f) were synthesized by the copper‐assisted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of coumarin alkyne (5) with variedly substituted azides (6a–I and 8a–f). All the synthesized compounds were spectroscopically characterized and in vitro antimicrobial testing against a panel of bacterial and fungal strains was systematically carried out. The compounds bearing 3‐Cl (7b) and 2‐NO2 (7i) substituents which emerged as the most potent compounds of the series showed noticeable activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to explore the chemical reactivity and stability parameters of the compounds.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Cyclic Tetramer Formation of a Pyridylethynylimidazole‐Based Fluorophore
Authors: Miura Youhei , Murai Kazuki , Ando Naoyuki , Yoshioka Naoki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSupramolecular have promising application prospects owing to their catalytic, self‐healing, and stimulus‐responsive functions. Pyridylethynylimidazole‐based supramolecular synthons with fluorescent properties have been developed. 4‐(2‐Pyridylethynyl)‐5‐arylethynyl‐1H‐imidazole derivatives 1 with different substituents at the 4‐ and 5‐positions of the imidazole skeleton were prepared using a step‐by‐step Sonogashira coupling reaction. The fluorescence maxima of phenyl‐ and methoxyphenyl‐substituted derivatives 1a and 1c were independent of solvent polarity. On the other hand, ester‐ and cyano‐substituted 1b and 1d showed bathochromically shifted fluorescence maxima in highly polar solvents. In crystals, the 4‐(2‐pyridylethynyl)‐5‐arylethynyl‐1H‐imidazole derivatives formed a supramolecular cyclic tetramer structure via two hydrogen bonds: one was between N─H in imidazole and N in pyridine, and the other was between C─H in imidazole and N in imidazole. Introducing the pyridine ring as a hydrogen bond acceptor, in addition to the imidazole ring, promoted the unique cyclic tetramer structure formation.
Single‐Atom Electron Pumps Over Transition Metal Chalcogenides Boosting Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Jia‐Qi , Cai Yu‐Shan , Yan Xian , Mo Qiao‐Ling , Yuan Jiao‐Nan , Liu Chu‐Hao , Wu Yue , Xiao Fang‐Xing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCocatalyst is of paramount significance to provide fruitful active sites for suppressing the spatial charge recombination toward boosted photocatalysis. Up to date, exploration of robust and stable cocatalysts is remained challenging. Inspired by the intrinsic merits of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), such as distinctive electronic structure and high atomic utilization efficiency, single‐atom/transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) is utilized as a model to synthesize CdS‐Pd single‐atom catalyst (CdS‐PdSA) heterostructures. This demonstrates the precise anchoring of isolated metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) onto TMCs through a simple yet effective wet‐chemical strategy. The resulting heterostructures exhibit significantly enhanced and stable photocatalytic activity for selective anaerobic organic transformations and hydrogen production under visible light. This enhancement is primarily inferred due to the role of Pd SACs as electron pumps, which directionally trap the electrons photoexcited over CdS, accelerating the spatial charge separation and prolonging the carrier lifespan. The charge transport route and photocatalytic mechanism are elucidated. This work underscores the potential of SACs as cocatalysts in heterogeneous photocatalysis, offering valuable insights for the rational design of atomic‐level cocatalysts for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion and beyond.
Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Break‐In/Conditioning of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Kostelec Mitja , Gatalo Matija , Hodnik Nejc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have proven to be a promising power source for various applications ranging from portable devices to automotive and stationary power systems. The production of PEMFC involves numerous stages in the value chain, with each stage presenting unique challenges and opportunities to improve the overall performance and durability of the PEMFC stack. These include steps such as manufacturing the key components such as the platinum‐based catalyst, processing these components into the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and stacking the MEAs to ultimately produce a PEMFC stack. However, it is also known that the break‐in or conditioning phase of the stack plays a crucial role in the final performance as well as durability. It involves several key phenomena such as hydration of the membrane, swelling of the ionomer, redistribution of the catalyst and the creation of suitable electrochemical interfaces – establishment of the triple phase boundary. These improve the proton conductivity, the mass transport of reactants and products, the catalytic activity of the electrode and thus the overall efficiency of the FC. The cruciality of break‐in is demonstrated by the improvement in performance, which can even be over 50 % compared to the initial state. The state‐of‐the‐art approach for the break‐in of MEAs involves an electrochemical protocol, such as voltage cycling, using a PEMFC testing station. This method is time‐consuming, equipment‐intensive, and costly. Therefore, new, elegant, and cost‐effective solutions are needed. Nevertheless, the primary aim is to achieve maximum/optimal performance so that it is fully operational and ready for the market. It is therefore essential to better understand and deconvolute these complex mechanisms taking place during break‐in/conditioning. Strategies include controlled humidity and temperature cycling, novel electrode materials and other advanced break‐in methods such as air braking, vacuum activation or steaming. In addition, it is critical to address the challenges associated with standardisation and quantification of protocols to enable interlaboratory comparisons to further advance the field.
The characteristics of sinonasal inverted papilloma and recurrence factors: An analysis of 207 cases
Authors: SamimiArdestani SeyedHadi , Ardehali Mojtaba Mohammadi , Irani Shirin , Firouzifar Mohammadreza , Kazemi Mohammad Ali , Yazdani Farzad , Lotfi Maryam , Jalali Mir Mohammad , Akbarpour Maliheh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesSinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare and benign tumor that affects the nose and sinuses. This tumor has a recurring nature and can be associated with malignancy or transform into a malignant lesion. Various factors have been proposed as potential recurrent and malignancy risk factors in sinonasal IP. This study examines some of these factors and the relationship between tumor location and recurrence and malignancy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IP for 10 years or more, assessing the patients’ demographic statistics and intraoperative observations. Additionally, CT scan results of the patients were investigated.ResultsFinally, 207 patients with an average age of (52.0 ± 13.8) years were included in the study. A hundred and fifty‐five (74.9%) of patients were male and the most substance abuse was tobacco (72, 34.8%). Fifty‐five (26.6%) patients had a recurrence and 21 (10.2%) patients showed malignancy or dysplastic changes. The most common site of the tumor was the maxillary sinus (131, 63.3%).ConclusionsLong‐term follow‐up of IP patients is necessary due to the risk of recurrence and malignancy. The probability of recurrence was higher in cases where the tumor involved the frontal sinus or multisite attachment. Therefore, for accurate diagnosis of this tumor and complete resection of the lesion, especially in cases where achieving a free margin may be challenging, the intraoperative frozen section seems necessary.
Room Temperature Phase Transition and Luminescence Behavior of a Novel Metal‐Free Ionic Crystal [C7H16NO][ClO4]
Authors: Shi Xian , Hua Xiu‐Ni , Cai Zhuoer , Zhang Yinan , Zhang Xiang , Huo Pingxin , Li Linjing , Qin Tianshi , Duan Hai‐Bao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal‐free ionic crystals have attracted tremendous attention for their environmental friendliness, biocompatibility, easy fabrication and structural variability. Herein, a metal‐free ionic crystal [C7H16NO][ClO4] ([C7H16NO]=1‐methyl‐4‐piperidinemethanol) with a dielectric transition at room temperature was designed and constructed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) proved that there exists a reversible phase transition near room temperature at 304 K, accompanied with switchable dielectric behaviors between the low and high dielectric states. The single crystal structure show that the mechanism of such structural phase transition mainly results from the dynamic motion of perchlorate anions. The compound is further shown to exhibit remarkable luminescent properties, characterized by a prolonged lifetime of 18.6 ns. This work offers valuable insights into the construction of room temperature phase‐transition ionic crystals involved with dielectric switching and blue luminescence properties.
Significance of mixed convection and heat transfer flow past a vertical Riga plate in the presence of alumina nanoparticles: Analysis of streamlines for oblique stagnation point
Authors: Li Shuguang , Khan Umair , Zaib Aurang , Ishak Anuar , Lok Yian Yian , Sherif El‐Sayed M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of the current study to inspect the magnetic flow properties and heat transport features near an oblique stagnation point of a nanofluid with mixed convection through a vertical Riga plate are examined. The Riga plate is a familiar actuator made out of permanently fixed electrodes and magnets that moved away from the plate due to an exponential decline in the Lorentz force. Nanofluid is taken into consideration due to its peculiar properties, such as remarkable thermal conductivity is the significance of the study. These properties are important in heat exchangers, electronics, advanced nanotechnology, and material sciences. Using usual similarity transformations, the group of leading partial differential equations is distorted into a group of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then, a very proficient procedure namely bvp4c is utilized to discover the solution. For particular values of the different influential fluid parameters, the characteristics of the dimensionless temperature and velocity along with drag force and heat transfer are investigated graphically. In addition, the symmetrical results were initiated for both cases of the slip and without slip parameters. It is demonstrated that for greater influence of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the normal and tangential velocity profile drops down for the instances of aiding and opposing flows due to fluctuations in the presence of slip factor, and absence of slip factor. In contrast, the temperature profile intensifies in both the cases of slip parameters and without the slip parameter owing to the phenomenon of assisting flow and opposing flow subject to superior impressions of the nanoparticle volume fractions. It is also observed that depending on the equilibrium between buoyancy effects, obliqueness, velocity slip parameters, and straining motion, the location of the point of zero shear stress (friction factor on the surface of the wall) is displaced to the right or the left of the origin.