bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature
Authors: Peng Jingsong , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNatural materials, including nacre, bone, and the lobster cuticle, exhibit excellent mechanical properties, combining high strength and toughness. Such materials have the added benefit of being light in weight. These advantageous features are due to such natural materials' orderly hierarchical architectures and abundant interface interactions. How to utilize these design principles created by nature to fabricate high‐performance bioinspired nanocomposites remains a great research challenge. A logical roadmap for developing these nanocomposites can be described as “discovery, invention, and creation.” Here, the discovery of the relationship between natural materials' design principles and such materials' extraordinary mechanical properties is discussed. Then, the invention of bioinspired strategies for mimicking natural materials is considered and representative strategies addressed. Next, the creation of multifunctional nanocomposites is discussed and bioinspired nanocomposites, including fiber nanocomposites, 2D film nanocomposites, and 3D bulk nanocomposites reviewed. Finally, a perspective and outlook for future directions in making bioinspired nanocomposites is provided to offer inspiration to the community and a clear vision for future research.
Electric‐Field‐Controlled Phase Transformation in WO3 Thin Films through Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Meng , Shen Shengchun , Ni Jinyang , Lu Nianpeng , Li Zhuolu , Li Hao‐Bo , Yang Shuzhen , Chen Tianzhe , Guo Jingwen , Wang Yujia , Xiang Hongjun , Yu Pu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractField‐effect transistors with ionic‐liquid gating (ILG) have been widely employed and have led to numerous intriguing phenomena in the last decade, due to the associated excellent carrier‐density tunability. However, the role of the electrochemical effect during ILG has become a heavily debated topic recently. Herein, using ILG, a field‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition is achieved in WO3 thin films with the emergence of structural transformations of the whole films. The subsequent secondary‐ion mass spectrometry study provides solid evidence that electrochemically driven hydrogen evolution dominates the discovered electrical and structural transformation through surface absorption and bulk intercalation.
A Supramolecular Nanocomposite as a Near‐Infrared‐Transmitting Optical Filter for Security and Forensic Applications
Authors: Ghosh Samrat , Cherumukkil Sandeep , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVisibly opaque but near‐infrared (NIR)‐transparent materials are an essential component for night‐vision photography, security imaging, and forensic applications. Herein, the development of a novel supramolecular black dye from a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based low‐molecular‐weight organogelator is described. In the solution state, the monomer of DPP–Amide exhibits a deep green color with a broad absorption in the visible region due to firm intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor unit. Interestingly, due to the synergistic effect of H‐bonding and π‐stacking, DPP–Amide can form a black organogel in toluene with complete spectral coverage from 300 to 800 nm, and transmits beyond 850 nm. In the gel state, complete visible‐spectrum coverage is achieved due to the simultaneous formation of both H‐ and J‐type aggregates, which is confirmed via absorption studies. To create a free‐standing NIR‐transmitting elastomeric black filter, nanoscopic molecular aggregates of DPP–Amide (0.15 wt%) are embedded into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix. This nanocomposite possesses high NIR transparency with good thermal and photostability for practical applications. Finally, the use of the developed material for NIR photography, security, and forensic‐related applications is demonstrated.
Understanding the SEI Formation at Pristine Li‐Ion Cathodes: Chemisorption and Reaction of DEC on LiCoO2 Surfaces Studied by a Combined SXPS/HREELS Approach
Authors: Späth Thomas , Becker Dirk , Schulz Natalia , Hausbrand René , Jaegermann Wolfram 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReactions and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation at electrode–electrolyte interfaces are crucial for the stability and performance of Li‐ion batteries, but are still not fully understood on a fundamental level. For improving battery properties, a detailed understanding of these degradation processes is needed. In this contribution, the interface formation between a thin film LiCoO2 cathode material and diethyl carbonate (DEC) as typical battery electrolyte solvent is presented. A surface‐science approach is used performing a stepwise adsorption of DEC onto LiCoO2 at low temperatures. The interface is studied after each step by synchrotron‐based X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPS) and high‐resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the decomposition of carbonate solvents in contact with fully lithiated cathode materials as observed in adsorption experiments is complex, including the reduction of solvent, subsequent decomposition reactions, and also catalytic effects. In the present case, lithium ethyl carbonate, lithium ethoxide, and lithium oxides are assigned as reaction products. The spectra provide indications for partial electron transfer coupled to covalent interaction involving surface oxygen O2p orbital and DEC lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) states.
Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Energy Conversion Based on Water Splitting
Authors: Qi Jing , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis provides a blueprint to harvest solar energy to sustain the future energy demands. Solar‐driven water splitting, converting solar energy into hydrogen energy, is the prototype of photosynthesis. Various systems have been designed and evaluated to understand the reaction pathways and/or to meet the requirements of potential applications. In solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion, electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are key research areas that are meaningful both theoretically and practically. To utilize hydrogen energy, fuel cell technology has been extensively investigated because of its high efficiency in releasing chemical energy. In this review, general concepts of the photosynthesis in green plants are discussed, different strategies for the light‐driven water splitting proposed in laboratories are introduced, the progress of electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are reviewed, and finally, the reactions in hydrogen fuel cells are briefly discussed. Overall, the mass and energy circulation in the solar‐hydrogen‐electricity circle are delineated. The authors conclude that attention from scientists and engineers of relevant research areas is still highly needed to eliminate the wide disparity between the aspirations and realities of artificial photosynthesis.
A recessive ataxia diagnosis algorithm for the next generation sequencing era
Authors: Renaud Mathilde , Tranchant Christine , Martin Juan Vicente Torres , Mochel Fanny , Synofzik Matthis , van de Warrenburg Bart , Pandolfo Massimo , Koenig Michel , Kolb Stefan A. , Anheim Mathieu ,   the RADIAL Working Group
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveDifferential diagnosis of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias can be challenging. A ranking algorithm named RADIAL that predicts the molecular diagnosis based on the clinical phenotype of a patient has been developed to guide genetic testing and to align genetic findings with the clinical context.MethodsAn algorithm that follows clinical practice, including patient history, clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography, and biomarker features, was developed following a review of the literature on 67 autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias and personal clinical experience. Frequency and specificity of each feature were defined for each autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, and corresponding prediction scores were assigned. Clinical and paraclinical features of patients are entered into the algorithm, and a patient's total score for each autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia is calculated, producing a ranking of possible diagnoses. Sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm were assessed by blinded analysis of a multinational cohort of 834 patients with molecularly confirmed autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. The performance of the algorithm was assessed versus a blinded panel of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia experts.ResultsThe correct diagnosis was ranked within the top 3 highest‐scoring diagnoses at a sensitivity and specificity of >90% for 84% and 91% of the evaluated genes, respectively. Mean sensitivity and specificity of the top 3 highest‐scoring diagnoses were 92% and 95%, respectively. The algorithm outperformed the panel of ataxia experts (p = 0.001).InterpretationOur algorithm is highly sensitive and specific, accurately predicting the underlying molecular diagnoses of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias, thereby guiding targeted sequencing or facilitating interpretation of next‐generation sequencing data. Ann Neurol 2017;82:892–899
How Large Can We Build a Cyclic Assembly? Impact of Ring Size on Chelate Cooperativity in Noncovalent Macrocyclizations
Authors: Montoro‐García Carlos , Mayoral María J. , Chamorro Raquel , González‐Rodríguez David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSelf‐assembled systems rely on intramolecular cooperative effects to control their growth and regulate their shape, thus yielding discrete, well‐defined structures. However, as the size of the system increases, cooperative effects tend to dissipate. We analyze here this situation by studying a set of oligomers of different lengths capped with guanosine and cytidine nucleosides, which associate in cyclic tetramers by complementary Watson–Crick H‐bonding interactions. As the monomer length increases, and thus the number of C(sp)–C(sp2) σ‐bonds in the π‐conjugated skeleton, the macrocycle stability decreases due to a notable reduction in effective molarity (EM), which has a clear entropic origin. We determined the relationship between EM or ΔS and the number of σ‐bonds, which allowed us to predict the maximum monomer lengths at which cyclic species would still assemble quantitatively, or whether the cyclic species would not able to compete at all with linear oligomers over the whole concentration range.
Systemic Therapy and the Unbearable Lightness of Psychiatry
Authors: Stagoll Brian 
Published: October 2017

This article is based on a transcript of the 2016 David Ingamells Memorial Lecture, at the Melbourne Clinic, sponsored by the Faculty of Psychotherapy of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatry. David was a leader in family therapy in Melbourne in the 1980s and ‘90s. Being invited to give this lecture led me to reflect on 50 years in psychiatry, and how systemic views have evolved over this time. Where did our foundational visions of social psychiatry come from, and where did they lead? How do our original heroes Laing and Bateson look nowadays? How has the concept of schizophrenia changed, and where does the DSM fit in? How can we move beyond the dominant ‘neuro‐molecular narrative’ and reconcile it with psychotherapy and ‘a social view of health?’
The Dyadic Effects of Controlling Emotional Abuse on Subjective Emotional Experience in Iranian Older Married Couples
Authors: Hazrati Maryam , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Ibrahim Rahimah , Hassan Siti Aishah , Sharif Farkhondeh , Bagheri Zahra 
Published: October 2017

This randomised control trial study examines the impact of an emotional‐focused intervention on emotional abuse and subjective emotional experience in Iranian older married couples. In the study, 57 older couples were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups with the latter taking part in an intervention program over 4 weeks, twice a week, with sessions lasting 90 minutes. In the experimental group, significant improvements were found for reducing emotional abuse behaviours and increasing subjective emotional experience. Dyadic analysis revealed that a partner's ability to control their own emotional abuse significantly effects both his/her subjective emotional experience and that of their spouse.
Evaluation of wood fiber composites based on a novel simultaneous defibration and compounding process
Authors: Mertens Oliver , Christian Krause Kim , Krause Andreas 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe distinctive length and morphology characteristics of thermomechanical produced wood fibers make it a promising candidate for the utilization in polymer composites. However, due to the low bulk density of these fibers, the feeding into the compounding process (i.e., extruders) is quite challenging. In this study, a novel simultaneous defibration and compounding process are conducted in order to solve the feed‐in problem of thermomechanical fibers. A disc‐refiner was used to defibrate wood chips to fibers and compound the fibers with neat polymer granulates in one process step. After the process, the material showed typically thermomechanical fibers with chopped polymer particles which were inseparably attached to the fiber. The observed mechanical properties of the composites were slightly lower than some literature values. With field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microtomography analysis, voids and a polymer enriched surface were found influencing the composites performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45859.
A facile method of preparing highly porous polylactide microfibers
Authors: Liu Qingsheng , Yang Qibing , Zhou Yuqi , Zhao Mingming , Shen Ying , Zhou Fenglei , Gong R Hugh , Deng Bingyao 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTHighly porous polylactide (PLA) microfibers with the diameter of about 14 µm are prepared by melt‐spinning and stretching core–sheath PLA fibers (CSF) and sequent treatment of ethyl acetate. The resultant pores are regular and elliptical. The average values of length of major axis and minor axis of elliptical pores are around 1 and 0.5 μm, respectively. This new and facile method can prepare porous PLA fibers on industrial scale, and nearly overcome all the shortcomings of melt‐spinning and stretching method. In addition, highly porous structure in partially oriented poly(l‐lactide) yarn (POY) can be also formed by treating POY using ethyl acetate. The obtained pores are irregular. In addition, the formation mechanism of pore structure in CSF is different with the one in POY. The former is the separation of row‐nucleated lamellae induced by stretching while the latter is swelling and subsequent solvent‐induced crystallization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45860.
Pacinian Corpuscles in the Human Fetal Finger and Thumb: A Study Using 3D Reconstruction and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Park Channy , Yang Xiaopeng , Murakami Gen , Abe Hiroshi , Shibata Shunichi 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe detailed distribution of Pacinian corpuscles was evaluated by viewing the transverse sections of all fingers and thumbs, including the interdigital areas, from eight hands of five fetuses of gestational age 28–33 weeks (crown‐rump length 230–290 mm). Among the 40 fingers and thumbs, serial sections were prepared for 3D reconstructions of nerve elements in the distal and middle phalangeal segments of three fifth fingers; in these three fingers, the distal segment contained 45–75 Pacinian corpuscles. These Pacinian corpuscles were 0.2–1.0 mm in length and 0.05–0.3 mm in thickness, oriented along the proximodistal axis and arranged along the palmar digital nerve branches. Other than beneath the digital skin, small corpuscles (<0.1 mm in thickness) were observed within the tendon sheath of the flexors in the middle or distal segment of five fetuses and in the nail beds of four fetuses. Clusters of 5–20 corpuscles formed bouquet‐ or tree‐like arrangements along neurovascular bundles in the fingers, thumbs and interdigital areas. Because the space beneath the skin was thick and loose in the interdigital area, trees in the interdigital area were up to 2 mm long. Regardless of site, the central core of each corpuscle was positive for S100 protein, while the core and parts of the capillaries in the corpuscle were weakly positive for nestin. Because corpuscles in the tendon sheath and nail bed, as well as bouquet‐ and tree‐like arrangements of corpuscles, have not been reported in adults, these morphologies are likely specific to fetuses. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:154–165, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Characterization of the Myenteric Plexus of the Ileum and Distal colon of Dogs Affected by Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: SchÄfer Bárbara Tavares , Silveira Mariana Póvoa , Palombit Kelly , Mendes Cristina Eusébio , Watanabe Ii Sei , Miglino Maria Angélica , Castelucci Patricia 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDuchenne‐like muscular dystrophy (canine dystrophinopathy) is a hereditary degenerative disease characterized by muscle changes similar to those described for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and by alterations in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Some authors have suggested that these abnormalities may be associated with intestinal motility. This study analyzed the nitrergic and cholinergic neurons and P2X7 receptor expression in the myenteric plexus of the ileum and distal colon of dogs with muscular dystrophy. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholine transferase (ChAT) expression and to label all HuC/D‐ and P2X7 receptor‐immunoreactive (IR) neurons. Transmission electron microscopy and basic histology were performed for further analysis. The results showed that nitrergic neurons exhibited a Dogiel type I morphology in the ileum and distal colon. The neuronal profile results showed that there were fewer NOS‐, ChAT‐, and HuC/D‐IR neurons in the ileum than in the distal colon in the dystrophic (DT) dogs. Additionally, there were more NOS‐, ChAT‐ and HuC/D‐IR neurons per ganglion in the distal colon than in the ileum. The P2X7 receptor‐expressing neurons colocalized with nitrergic and cholinergic neurons. Transmission and light microscopy revealed collagen between the muscle fibers, between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and within the myenteric ganglia of dogs with muscular dystrophy. These findings provide a morphological description of the myenteric neurons in the ileum and distal colon of these DT dogs and may contribute to a better understanding of the gastrointestinal disorders found in patients with DMD. Anat Rec, 301:673–685, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conversion of Triple Bonds into Single Bonds in a Domino Carbopalladation with Norbornene
Authors: Zhu Chuanle , Chen Pengquan , Zhu Rui , Jiang Guangbin , Lin Zhiming , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA domino carbopalladation reaction of haloalkynes is presented. Remarkably, the four‐time carbopalladation process converts the carbon‐carbon triple bonds of haloalkynes stepwise into carbon–carbon double bonds, and finally to carbon‐carbon single bonds. Features of this reaction are that the carbon‐carbon double bonds of stable vinyl palladium intermediates are transformed into carbon‐carbon single bonds with the generation of unstable alkyl palladium intermediates. The subsequently formed π‐allylpalladium species are independently trapped by N‐tosylhydrazones, boronic acids, and B2pin2 in a highly diastereoselective manner, delivering the corresponding polycyclic and twisted products with a bicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐2‐en‐3‐yl)tricyclo[3.2.1.02,4]octane core skeleton in moderate to good yields via C−C and C−B bond formations. Significantly, the dual roles of norbornenes, ring construction and ring expansion, and the identification of electron‐rich tri(2‐furyl)phosphine as the ligand are found to be critical for the success of these transformations.
Control of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems with Microinverters: New Theoretical Design and Numerical Evaluation
Authors: Yahya Abdelhafid , El Fadil Hassan , Oulcaid Mustapha , Ammeh Leila , Giri Fouad , Guerrero Josep M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of controlling grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems that are driven with microinverters. The systems to be controlled consist of a solar panel, a boost dc–dc converter, a DC link capacitor, a single‐phase full‐bridge inverter, a filter inductor, and an isolation transformer. We seek controllers that are able to simultaneously achieve four control objectives, namely: (i) asymptotic stability of the closed loop control system; (ii) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV module; (iii) tight regulation of the DC bus voltage; and (iv) unity power factor (PF) in the grid. To achieve these objectives, a new multiloop nonlinear controller is designed using the backstepping design technique. A key feature of the control design is that it relies on an averaged nonlinear system model accounting, on the one hand, for the nonlinear dynamics of the underlying boost converter and inverter and, on the other, for the nonlinear characteristic of the PV panel. To achieve the MPPT objective, a power optimizer is designed that computes online the optimal PV panel voltage used as a reference signal by the PV voltage regulator. It is formally shown that the proposed controller meets all the objectives. This theoretical result is confirmed by numerical simulation tests.
Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a novel marmoset ABC transporter
Authors: Uehara Shotaro , Uno Yasuhiro , Inoue Takashi , Sasaki Erika , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCommon marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have been recognized as a useful small non‐human primate model in preclinical testing for drug development. In this study, a cDNA of novel ATP‐dependent efflux transporter ABCB1 was cloned from marmoset liver tissue. Marmoset ABCB1 cDNA encodes a protein of 1279 amino acid residues (MW = 141.4 kDa) containing characteristic regions of an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) protein, two hydrophobic transmembrane regions and two cytoplasmic nucleotide‐binding regions, similar to human ABCB1. The deduced amino acid sequences were more highly identical (95%) to those of human ABCB1 compared with non‐primate species such as dogs, pigs and rodents (79–90%). A close evolutionary relationship of ABCB1 among marmosets, cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and humans was evident from a phylogenetic analysis using ABCB1 amino acid sequences from primates, dogs, pigs and rodents. Tissue distribution analyses by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction indicated that marmoset ABCB1 mRNA was most abundant in kidneys, followed by small intestines and livers, similar to human ABCB1, and marmoset ABCB1 proteins in these tissues were also detected by immunoblotting. These results indicated that the primary structure and tissue distribution of ABCB1 in marmosets were similar to those of humans, suggesting similar molecular characteristics of ABCB1 between marmosets and humans.