bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing suitable for an ageing population
Authors: Morrison Angela 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The older population is growing but there is too little housing being built and very little suits their needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe what is on offer now and looks at the viability of the chalet bungalow as a desirable, affordable option which could attract older people to downsize from a family house.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a viewpoint piece.

Findings
An age-friendly dwelling is one where all types of people can age in place. Traditionally the bungalow fulfilled this niche however as more pressure is put on land and its value the style has gone out of favour. Whereas at the top end of the market developers are offering large cottages with a reception room that can be used as a ground floor bedroom the less well off owner occupier is not catered for until they need care. The dwindling supply of suitable properties has led to older people feeling trapped in homes too big for their needs at a time when there is a chronic shortage of family houses. This leads to poor health and well-being and a later life move into expensive housing with care.

Originality/value
Mainstream developers have avoided building bungalows because single storey dwellings are “land hungry”. This paper reviews a chalet bungalow solution which can be built to a greater density and is of a size and style that is age friendly, future proof and affordable. This message if more widely disseminated could help solve the housing crisis.
Microbial community composition but not diversity changes along succession in arctic sand dunes
Authors: Poosakkannu Anbu , Nissinen Riitta , Männistö Minna , Kytöviita Minna‐Maarit 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe generality of increasing diversity of fungi and bacteria across arctic sand dune succession was tested. Microbial communities were examined by high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes (bacteria) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (fungi). We studied four microbial compartments (inside leaf, inside root, rhizosphere and bulk soil) and characterized microbes associated with a single plant species (Deschampsia flexuosa) across two sand dune successional stages (early and late). Bacterial richness increased across succession in bulk soil and leaf endosphere. In contrast, soil fungal richness remained constant while root endosphere fungal richness increased across succession. There was, however, no significant difference in Shannon diversity indices between early and late successional stage in any compartment. There was a significant difference in the composition of microbial communities between early and late successional stage in all compartments, although the major microbial OTUs were shared between early and late successional stage. Co‐occurrence network analysis revealed successional stage‐specific microbial groups. There were more co‐occurring modules in early successional stage than in late stage. Altogether, these results emphasize that succession strongly affects distribution of microbial species, but not microbial diversity in arctic sand dune ecosystem and that fungi and bacteria may not follow the same successional trajectories.
Newly isolated Nodularia phage influences cyanobacterial community dynamics
Authors: Coloma S. E. , Dienstbier A. , Bamford D. H. , Sivonen K. , Roine E. , Hiltunen T. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCyanophages, that is, viruses infecting cyanobacteria, are a key component driving cyanobacterial community dynamics both ecologically and evolutionarily. In addition to reducing biomass and influencing the genetic diversity of their host populations, they can also have a wider community‐level impact due to the release of nutrients by phage‐induced cell lysis. In this study, we isolated and characterized a new cyanophage, a siphophage designated as vB_NpeS‐2AV2, capable of infecting the filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Nodularia sp. AV2 with a lytic cycle between 12 and 18 hours. The role of the phage in the ecology of its host Nodularia and competitor Synechococcus was investigated in a set of microcosm experiments. Initially, phage‐induced cell lysis decreased the number of Nodularia cells in the cultures. However, around 18%–27% of the population was resistant against the phage infection. Nitrogen was released from the Nodularia cells as a consequence of phage activity, resulting in a seven‐fold increase in Synechococcus cell density. In conclusion, the presence of the cyanophage vB_NpeS‐2AV2 altered the ecological dynamics in the cyanobacterial community and induced evolutionary changes in the Nodularia population, causing the evolution from a population dominated by susceptible cells to a population dominated by resistant ones.
Glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi: established knowledge and ambiguities
Authors: Klein Mathias , Swinnen Steve , Thevelein Johan M. , Nevoigt Elke 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThere is huge variability among yeasts with regard to their efficiency in utilizing glycerol as the sole source of carbon and energy. Certain species show growth rates with glycerol comparable to those reached with glucose as carbon source; others are virtually unable to utilize glycerol, especially in synthetic medium. Most of our current knowledge regarding glycerol uptake and catabolic pathways has been gained from studying laboratory strains of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The growth of these strains on glycerol is dependent on the presence of medium supplements such as amino acids and nucleobases. In contrast, there is only fragmentary knowledge about S. cerevisiae isolates able to grow in synthetic glycerol medium without such supplements as well as about growth of non‐Saccharomyces yeast species on glycerol. Thus, more research is required to understand why certain strains and species show superior growth performance on glycerol compared with common S. cerevisiae laboratory strains. This mini‐review summarizes what is known so far about the gene products and pathways involved in glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi as well as the regulation of these processes.
Improving the non‐technical skills of hospital medical emergency teams: The Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM™)
Authors: Cant Robyn P , Porter Joanne E , Cooper Simon J , Roberts Kate , Wilson Ian , Gartside Christopher 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective descriptive study aimed to test the validity and feasibility of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM™) for assessing real‐world medical emergency teams' non‐technical skills. Second, the present study aimed to explore the instrument's contribution to practice regarding teamwork and learning outcomes.MethodsRegistered nurses (RNs) and medical staff (n = 104) in two hospital EDs in rural Victoria, Australia, participated. Over a 10 month period, the (TEAM™) instrument was completed by multiple clinicians at medical emergency episodes.ResultsIn 80 real‐world medical emergency team resuscitation episodes (283 clinician assessments), non‐technical skills ratings averaged 89% per episode (39 of a possible 44 points). Twenty‐one episodes were rated in the lowest quartile (i.e. ≤37 points out of 44). Ratings differed by discipline, with significantly higher scores given by medical raters (mean: 41.1 ± 4.4) than RNs (38.7 ± 5.4) (P = 0.001). This difference occurred in the Leadership domain. The tool was reliable with Cronbach's alpha 0.78, high uni‐dimensional validity and mean inter‐item correlation of 0.45. Concurrent validity was confirmed by strong correlation between TEAM™ score and the awarded Global Rating (P < 0.001), with 38.4% of shared variance. RNs praised the instrument as it initiated staff reflection and debriefing discussions around performance improvement.ConclusionNon‐technical skills of medical emergency teams are known to often be suboptimal; however, average ratings of 89% were achieved in this real‐world study. TEAM™ is a valid, reliable and easy to use tool, for both training and clinical settings, with benefits for team performance when used as an assessment and/or debriefing tool.
The Interrater Reliability of Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC): “Caregiver Performance: Direct Care”
Authors: Adistya Vera Kurnia , Nurjannah Intansari , Subekti Heru 
Published: November 2016

PURPOSEThe article investigates the interrater reliability of Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) “Caregiver Performance: Direct Care” in Indonesian language.METHODSTwo raters assessed 31 caregivers of clients with mental disorders using NOC “Caregiver Performance: Direct Care” in January 2016. This NOC was translated into Indonesian and each indicator was operated in accordance with caregivers’ need in taking care of clients. Kappa and percent agreement were used for the analysis.FINDINGSThe overall kappa value of NOC “Caregiver Performance: Direct Care” was 0.752, while the percent agreement was 80.CONCLUSIONSThe interrater reliability of NOC “Caregiver Performance: Direct Care” in Indonesian was at the level of substantial reliability.IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICENOC “Caregiver Performance: Direct Care” can be used in the clinical setting.
Manic switches induced by antidepressants: an umbrella review comparing randomized controlled trials and observational studies
Authors: Allain N. , Leven C. , Falissard B. , Allain J.‐S. , Batail J.‐M. , Polard E. , Montastruc F. , Drapier D. , Naudet F. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore whether the prevalence of manic switch was underestimated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared to observational studies (OSs).MethodMeta‐analyses and simple and systematic reviews were identified by two reviewers in a blinded, standardized manner. All relevant references were extracted to include RCTs and OSs that provided data about manic switch prevalence after antidepressant treatment for a major depressive episode. The primary outcome was manic switch prevalence in the different arms of each study. A meta‐regression was conducted to quantify the impact of certain variables on manic switch prevalence.ResultsA total of 57 papers (35 RCTs and 22 OSs) were included in the main analysis. RCTs underestimated the rate of manic switch [0.53 (0.32–0.87)]. Overestimated prevalence was related to imipraminics [1.85 (1.22–2.79)]; to serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [1.74 (1.06–2.86)]; and to other classes of drugs [1.58 (1.08–2.31)], compared to placebo treatment. The prevalence of manic switch was lower among adults than among children [0.2 (0.07–0.59)]; and higher [20.58 (8.41–50.31)] in case of bipolar disorder.ConclusionOur results highlight an underestimation of the rates of manic switch under antidepressants in RCTs compared to the rates observed in observational studies.
Effect of health status on fattening performance in young crossbred polish Holstein‐Friesian × Limousin Bulls and steers
Authors: Wielgosz‐Groth Zofia , Sobczuk‐Szul Monika , Nogalski Zenon , Pogorzelska‐Przybyłek Paulina , Purwin Cezary 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of disease incidence on selected parameters of cattle fattening performance and carcass quality, and the fatty acid profile of beef. The experimental materials comprised 16 bulls and 16 steers, Polish Holstein‐Friesian × Limousin crossbreeds (including 10 healthy and six treated animals of each category). At 5 weeks of age, bloodless castration was carried out using a rubber elastrator. The calves were fed milk replacer provided in automatic feeding stations. Until 540 days of age, the animals were fattened in an Animal Research Laboratory equipped with the Roughage Intake Control (RIC) system (Insentec, the Netherlands). In comparison with healthy (untreated) bulls and steers, sick (treated) animals had lower average body weight at 180 days of age, by 37 kg (P ≤ 0.05) and lower average final body weight at 540 days of age, by 56 kg (P ≤ 0.05). Sick animals were characterized by lower feed intake and worse feed efficiency (not statistically significant differences). Hot carcass weight reached 318 kg in healthy animals and 258 kg in treated bulls (P ≤ 0.05). In treated steers, the percentage of lean meat and bones in the three‐rib section was higher and the percentage of fat was lower, compared with their healthy counterparts (P ≤ 0.01). There was a category × health status interaction for carcass tissue composition. There were no significant influences of type of sickness on analyzed traits. In comparison with healthy steers, intramuscular fat of Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) from treated steers had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 and n‐3) and a lower content of conjugated linoleic acid.
Effect of increased feeding of dietary α‐linolenic acid by grazing on formation of the cis9,trans11–18:2 isoform of conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk
Authors: Yamaguchi Mio , Naito Taki , Nagao Yoshikazu , Kabuyama Yukihito , Hashimoto Kei , Azuma Norihiro , Maeda Isamu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFeeding systems such as grazing affect the fatty acid profile of bovine milk fat. In addition, milk fat is formed as the product of fatty acid metabolism in cow bodies before being secreted into milk. However, how grazing influences milk fatty acid profile through the metabolism has not been completely characterized. When fatty acid concentrations in Holstein milk were compared between grazing and non‐grazing periods, α‐linolenic acid was significantly higher in the grazing period than in the non‐grazing period. This could be explained with an increase in α‐linolenic acid feeding with grazing. α‐linolenic acid had a linear positive correlation with conjugated linoleic acid (9c,11t‐18:2) (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA) during the grazing period, whereas CLA had higher correlation with linoleic acid rather than with α‐linolenic acid during the non‐grazing period. These data indicate that the high content of dietary α‐linolenic acid affects CLA and VA formation in milk of grazing periods via α‐linolenic acid metabolism into VA.
Neurodegeneration and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in the anterior thalamus of SOD1(G93A) ALS mice
Authors: Debye Berthold , Schmülling Lena , Zhou Lepu , Rune Gabriele , Beyer Cordian , Johann Sonja 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNowadays, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is considered as a multisystem disorder, characterized by a primary degeneration of motor neurons as well as neuropathological changes in non‐motor regions. Neurodegeneration in subcortical areas, such as the thalamus, are believed to contribute to cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in ALS patients. In the present study, we investigated neurodegenerative changes including neuronal loss and glia pathology in the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (AD) of SOD1(G93A) mice, a widely used animal model for ALS. We detected massive dendrite swelling and neuronal loss in SOD1(G93A) animals, which was accompanied by a mild gliosis. Furthermore, misfolded SOD1 protein and autophagy markers were accumulating in the AD. Since innate immunity and activation inflammasomes seem to play a crucial role in ALS, we examined protein expression of Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase‐1 recruitment domain (ASC) and the cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) in AD glial cells and neurons. NLRP3 and ASC were significantly up‐regulated in the AD of SOD1(G93A) mice. Finally, co‐localization studies revealed expression of NLRP3, ASC and IL1β in neurons. Our study yielded two main findings: (i) neurodegenerative changes already occur at an early symptomatic stage in the AD and (ii) increased inflammasome expression may contribute to neuronal cell death. In conclusion, neurodegeneration in the anterior thalamus may critically account for cognitive changes in ALS pathology.
Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex
Authors: Lautenschlager Stephan , Gill Pamela , Luo Zhe‐Xi , Fagan Michael J. , Rayfield Emily J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe evolution of the mammalian jaw during the transition from non‐mammalian synapsids to crown mammals is a key event in vertebrate history and characterised by the gradual reduction of its individual bones into a single element and the concomitant transformation of the jaw joint and its incorporation into the middle ear complex. This osteological transformation is accompanied by a rearrangement and modification of the jaw adductor musculature, which is thought to have allowed the evolution of a more‐efficient masticatory system in comparison to the plesiomorphic synapsid condition. While osteological characters relating to this transition are well documented in the fossil record, the exact arrangement and modifications of the individual adductor muscles during the cynodont–mammaliaform transition have been debated for nearly a century.We review the existing knowledge about the musculoskeletal evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex and evaluate previous hypotheses in the light of recently documented fossils that represent new specimens of existing species, which are of central importance to the mammalian origins debate. By employing computed tomography (CT) and digital reconstruction techniques to create three‐dimensional models of the jaw adductor musculature in a number of representative non‐mammalian cynodonts and mammaliaforms, we provide an updated perspective on mammalian jaw muscle evolution.As an emerging consensus, current evidence suggests that the mammal‐like division of the jaw adductor musculature (into deep and superficial components of the m. masseter, the m. temporalis and the m. pterygoideus) was completed in Eucynodontia. The arrangement of the jaw adductor musculature in a mammalian fashion, with the m. pterygoideus group inserting on the dentary was completed in basal Mammaliaformes as suggested by the muscle reconstruction of Morganucodon oehleri. Consequently, transformation of the jaw adductor musculature from the ancestral (‘reptilian’) to the mammalian condition must have preceded the emergence of Mammalia and the full formation of the mammalian jaw joint. This suggests that the modification of the jaw adductor system played a pivotal role in the functional morphology and biomechanical stability of the jaw joint.
Detecting and avoiding likely false‐positive findings – a practical guide
Authors: Forstmeier Wolfgang , Wagenmakers Eric‐Jan , Parker Timothy H. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRecently there has been a growing concern that many published research findings do not hold up in attempts to replicate them. We argue that this problem may originate from a culture of ‘you can publish if you found a significant effect’. This culture creates a systematic bias against the null hypothesis which renders meta‐analyses questionable and may even lead to a situation where hypotheses become difficult to falsify. In order to pinpoint the sources of error and possible solutions, we review current scientific practices with regard to their effect on the probability of drawing a false‐positive conclusion. We explain why the proportion of published false‐positive findings is expected to increase with (i) decreasing sample size, (ii) increasing pursuit of novelty, (iii) various forms of multiple testing and researcher flexibility, and (iv) incorrect P‐values, especially due to unaccounted pseudoreplication, i.e. the non‐independence of data points (clustered data). We provide examples showing how statistical pitfalls and psychological traps lead to conclusions that are biased and unreliable, and we show how these mistakes can be avoided. Ultimately, we hope to contribute to a culture of ‘you can publish if your study is rigorous’. To this end, we highlight promising strategies towards making science more objective. Specifically, we enthusiastically encourage scientists to preregister their studies (including a priori hypotheses and complete analysis plans), to blind observers to treatment groups during data collection and analysis, and unconditionally to report all results. Also, we advocate reallocating some efforts away from seeking novelty and discovery and towards replicating important research findings of one's own and of others for the benefit of the scientific community as a whole. We believe these efforts will be aided by a shift in evaluation criteria away from the current system which values metrics of ‘impact’ almost exclusively and towards a system which explicitly values indices of scientific rigour.
Deep sequencing of the TCR-β repertoire of human forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ and FoxP3– T cells suggests that they are completely distinct and non-overlapping
Authors: Golding A , Darko S , Wylie W H , Douek D C , Shevach E M 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Maintenance of peripheral tolerance requires a balance between autoreactive conventional T cells (Tconv) and thymically derived forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cells (tTregs). Considerable controversy exists regarding the similarities/differences in T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires expressed by Tconv and tTregs. We generated highly purified populations of human adult and cord blood Tconv and tTregs based on the differential expression of CD25 and CD127. The purity of the sorted populations was validated by intracellular staining for FoxP3 and Helios. We also purified an overlap group of CD4 T cells from adult donors to ensure that considerable numbers of shared clonotypes could be detected when present. We used deep sequencing of entire TCR-β CDR3 sequences to analyse the TCR repertoire of Tconv and tTregs. Our studies suggest that both neonatal and adult human Tconv and tTreg cells are, in fact, entirely distinct CD4 T cell lineages.
Ustekinumab in the treatment of palmoplantar pustular psoriasis – a case series of nine patients
Authors: Buder Valeska , Herberger Katharina , Jacobi Arnd , Augustin Matthias , Radtke Marc Alexander 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundPalmoplantar pustular psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with considerable impairment in quality of life and resilience. Given the lack of approved pharmacological agents for this indication and the frequently recalcitrant disease course, therapeutic options are limited.Patients and methodsFollowing unsatisfactory therapeutic attempts with other treatment modalities, nine patients (six women; three men) were treated with ustekinumab (45 mg in individuals < 100 kg body weight, 90 mg in individuals > 100 kg) at weeks 0, 4, 12, and 24. Latent tuberculosis was ruled out prior to treatment. Regular follow‐up was done at week 4 and 12, and every 12 weeks thereafter.ResultsAverage age at the beginning of treatment was 48 years. Four patients achieved 75 % improvement in the palmoplantar Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Overall, there was an average improvement in the palmoplantar PASI of 71.6 % after 24 weeks. Two patients exhibited complete resolution after 24 weeks. Besides local injection site reactions and mild infections, no adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsThis case series provides further evidence for the effectiveness and tolerability of ustekinumab in the treatment of palmoplantar pustular psoriasis. Controlled studies and observations in the context of patient registries are required to assess long‐term efficacy and safety as well as the potential therapeutic benefit of intermittent therapy.