bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Markers of Aneuploidy in the First Trimester
Authors: Belics Zoran , Papp Zoltán 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPrenatal screening of fetal aneuploidy is a continuously and rapidly evolving area of research; there have been tremendous advancements over the past decades in prenatal screening for aneuploidy, especially during the first trimester. As there is extensive evidence that effective screening for major chromosomal abnormalities can be provided in the first trimester of pregnancy, recently we have changed our practice; the prenatal screening of fetal chromosomal aberrations has been moved and pointed to the first trimester. Besides the nuchal translucency, which is one of the most known ultrasonographic markers, there are other markers, which can be examined during the first trimester of pregnancy. To maximize the quality of sonography, increase the screening sensitivity, and decrease the range of false-positive rate, all of the first-trimester ultrasound markers have well-established criteria for the measurement. With the use of high standards of scanning, the early recognition of sonographic markers of chromosomal aberrations can be helpful in forward prenatal diagnosis. On the contrary, the early diagnosis makes the termination of the pregnancy possible with fewer complications, and there is time for planning of further follow-up and interventions.How to cite this articleBelics Z, Papp Z. Ultrasound Markers of Aneuploidy in the First Trimester. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(1):20-28.
Rhetorical Deliberation, Memory, and Sensation in the Thought of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Loveridge Jordan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis article explores Thomas Aquinas's interrelated views of rhetoric and deliberation, particularly through his commentaries on Aristotle and his Summa theologiae. It argues that while articulating a largely Boethian understanding of rhetoric as consideration of uncertain matters, Aquinas also advances a theory of deliberation indebted to Aristotelian theories of sensation and phantasia. Building from previous work on phantasia in Aristotle's works, I argue that, in Aquinas's view, rhetorical deliberation is dependent on sensory information experienced through phantasia. Gathered through time and experience, sensory information serves as the foundational material for other forms of reasoning, such as deliberation and practical wisdom. In articulating Aquinas's views of rhetoric and deliberation, I suggest that the relationship between rhetoric and logic within Aquinas's system of thought be reconsidered, with rhetoric playing a prominent role in the consideration of variable and human phenomena.
Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features: Value of Histopathology
Authors: Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Oldham Justin M. , Valenzi Eleanor , Lee Cathryn , Witt Leah J. , Chen Lena , Montner Steven , Chung Jonathan H. , Noth Imre , Vij Rekha , Strek Mary E. , Husain Aliya N. 
Published: May 2017

Context.—
Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia may display evidence of autoimmunity without meeting criteria for a defined connective tissue disease. A recent European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society statement proposed research criteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), which includes findings from the clinical, serologic, and morphologic domains.

Objectives.—
To investigate the importance of histopathologic criteria within the morphologic domain and to report our methodology for identifying these features.

Design.—
Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia at the University of Chicago who underwent surgical lung biopsy or lung transplantation were assessed for IPAF histopathologic features, using the initial pathology interpretation in the electronic records. A focused rereview of available slides by a pulmonary pathologist was then performed for patients who failed to meet IPAF criteria on initial pathology assessment.

Results.—
Of 422 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, 176 (41.7%) underwent surgical lung biopsy or lung transplant. Forty-six of those 176 patients (26.1%) met IPAF criteria by initial pathology interpretation and a positive clinical or serologic feature. Of the remaining 130 patients, 73 (56.2%) met either the clinical or serologic domains without meeting the morphologic domain, whereas 36 (27.7%) had slides available for pathology rereview. This rereview demonstrated nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 8 of 36 patients (22.2%) and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in 6 of 36 patients (16.7%), resulting in an additional 7 of 36 patients (19.4%) with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that met the IPAF criteria. In IPAF, pulmonary vasculopathy was the most prevalent finding (45 of 84; 53.6%) and predicted increased mortality (hazard ratio, 2.5; P = .04).

Conclusions.—
Using a methodological approach to identifying IPAF pathology, we demonstrate a significant increase in the number of patients meeting IPAF criteria because of focused pathologic review and highlight the prognostic value of the IPAF pathologic findings.
Hippocampal Sclerosis in Older Patients: Practical Examples and Guidance With a Focus on Cerebral Age-Related TDP-43 With Sclerosis
Authors: Cykowski Matthew D. , Powell Suzanne Z. , Schulz Paul E. , Takei Hidehiro , Rivera Andreana L. , Jackson Robert E. , Roman Gustavo , Jicha Gregory A. , Nelson Peter T. 
Published: May 2017

Context.—
Autopsy studies of the older population (≥65 years of age), and particularly of the “oldest-old” (≥85 years of age), have identified a significant proportion (∼20%) of cognitively impaired patients in which hippocampal sclerosis is the major substrate of an amnestic syndrome. Hippocampal sclerosis may also be comorbid with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body disease. Until recently, the terms hippocampal sclerosis of aging or hippocampal sclerosis dementia were applied in this context. Recent discoveries have prompted a conceptual expansion of hippocampal sclerosis of aging because (1) cellular inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) are frequent; (2) TDP-43 pathology may be found outside hippocampus; and (3) brain arteriolosclerosis is a common, possibly pathogenic, component.

Objective.—
To aid pathologists with recent recommendations for diagnoses of common neuropathologies in older persons, particularly hippocampal sclerosis, and highlight the recent shift in diagnostic terminology from HS-aging to cerebral age-related TDP-43 with sclerosis (CARTS).

Data Sources.—
Peer-reviewed literature and 5 autopsy examples that illustrate common age-related neuropathologies, including CARTS, and emphasize the importance of distinguishing CARTS from late-onset frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology and from advanced Alzheimer disease with TDP-43 pathology.

Conclusions.—
In advanced old age, the substrates of cognitive impairment are often multifactorial. This article demonstrates common and frequently comorbid neuropathologic substrates of cognitive impairment in the older population, including CARTS, to aid those practicing in this area of pathology.
A Systematic Analysis of Discordant Diagnoses in Digital Pathology Compared With Light Microscopy
Authors: Williams Bethany J. , DaCosta Philip , Goacher Edward , Treanor Darren 
Published: May 2017

Context.—Relatively little is known about the significance and potential impact of glass-digital discordances, and this is likely to be of importance when considering digital pathology adoption.Objective.—To apply evidence-based medicine to collect and analyze reported instances of glass-digital discordance from the whole slide imaging validation literature.Design.—We used our prior systematic review protocol to identify studies assessing the concordance of light microscopy and whole slide imaging between 1999 and 2015. Data were extracted and analyzed by a team of histopathologists to classify the type, significance, and potential root cause of discordances.Results.—Twenty-three studies were included, yielding 8069 instances of a glass diagnosis being compared with a digital diagnosis. From these 8069 comparisons, 335 instances of discordance (4%) were reported, in which glass was the preferred diagnostic medium in 286 (85%), and digital in 44 (13%), with no consensus in 5 (2%). Twenty-eight discordances had the potential to cause moderate/severe patient harm. Of these, glass was the preferred diagnostic medium for 26 (93%). Of the 335 discordances, 109 (32%) involved the diagnosis or grading of dysplasia. For these cases, glass was the preferred diagnostic medium in 101 cases (93%), suggesting that diagnosis and grading of dysplasia may be a potential pitfall of digital diagnosis. In 32 of 335 cases (10%), discordance on digital was attributed to the inability to find a small diagnostic/prognostic object.Conclusions.—Systematic analysis of concordance studies reveals specific areas that may be problematic on whole slide imaging. It is important that pathologists are aware of these areas to ensure patient safety.
L’intimidation subie et l’adaptation psychosociale à l’école primaire : effet modérateur de la participation à des activités de loisir organisées
Authors: Beaulieu Geneviève , Denault Anne-Sophie , Verlaan Pierrette , Déry Michèle 
Published: May 2017

L’intimidation subie est un phénomène fréquent dans les écoles primaires nord-américaines et est associée à plusieurs effets néfastes sur l’adaptation des élèves. Cette étude examine les liens de prédiction entre l’intimidation subie et les problèmes de comportement intériorisés et extériorisés chez les élèves du primaire de milieux défavorisés. Elle examine également l’effet modérateur de la participation à des activités de loisir organisées sur ces liens. Pour ce faire, 394 élèves (Mage = 7.84; 51 % filles) ont été suivis à deux temps de mesure à une année d’intervalle. Les variables à l’étude ont été mesurées à l’aide de questionnaires complétés par le parent principal de l’enfant et les enseignants. Après avoir contrôlé pour l’adaptation antérieure des participants et le revenu familial, les résultats montrent que l’intimidation subie prédit une augmentation des problèmes intériorisés et extériorisés un an plus tard. De plus, l’intimidation subie prédit une augmentation des problèmes intériorisés seulement chez les élèves qui ne participent pas à des activités de loisirs organisées. Cette étude contribue à l’avancement des connaissances notamment en considérant un échantillon d’élèves à risque et en examinant l’effet modérateur de la participation à des activités de loisir organisées. Elle souligne également l’importance de sensibiliser les milieux scolaires à l’impact potentiellement positif de la participation à ce type d’activités chez les élèves victimes d’intimidation.
Le point de vue de parents d’enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme en regard d’un programme public d’intervention comportementale
Authors: Rivard Mélina , Mercier Céline , Morin Marjorie , Lépine Anabel 
Published: May 2017

L’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI) est implantée depuis 2003 dans les services publics québécois destinés aux enfants de 2 à 5 ans ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme. Ce choix a été fait sur la base de l’avis d’experts et des données probantes à l’effet que l’ICI représente l’intervention la plus efficace pour les jeunes enfants ayant ce type de trouble. Bien que les effets de l’ICI soient largement documentés, la perception des familles quant aux services d’ICI reçus demeure peu étudiée. À partir d’entretiens effectués auprès de 52 familles, le point de vue des parents concernant les services d’ICI a été abordé selon trois dimensions : l’appréciation générale, les effets perçus sur l’enfant et la famille ainsi que le niveau de satisfaction. Les données ont été recueillies à partir de questions ouvertes, d’un questionnaire structuré et de l’Échelle de satisfaction des services (CSQ-8). Les parents participants rapportent que l’équipe d’intervention, les modalités d’intervention ainsi que le contenu de l’intervention des services ICI sont les principaux points forts des services évalués. Des améliorations pourraient néanmoins être apportées à certaines modalités de dispensation des services, ainsi qu’à l’accessibilité, aux mouvements de personnel et à l’implication des parents. Tous les parents, sauf un, rapportent des effets positifs chez l’enfant, notamment sur les plans de la communication, du fonctionnement cognitif et des aspects sociaux. Les services ont aussi des effets sur le bien-être des parents, leurs habiletés parentales et la vie quotidienne familiale. Plus de 95 % des répondants se sont déclarés satisfaits ou très satisfaits des modalités du programme ICI. Le niveau général de satisfaction est également très élevé.
La délinquance et la victimisation officielle caractérisant une cohorte de 1429 adolescents auteurs d’agression sexuelle
Authors: Coutu Janick , Meilleur Dominique , Lafortune Denis 
Published: May 2017

Plus de la moitié des délinquants sexuels adultes admettent avoir commis un premier délit de nature sexuelle avant l’âge de 18 ans. De plus, comme les adolescents sont responsables de près de 30 % des agressions sexuelles déclarées, il importe de mieux connaître leurs caractéristiques. La présente étude a pour objectif de décrire une cohorte regroupant tous les adolescents québécois reconnus coupables d’un délit sexuel entre 2005 et 2010 (n = 1429). Des analyses descriptives (moyennes, médianes, écarts-types) ont été effectuées à partir de données portant sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les comportements délinquants et les actes de maltraitance subis. Les résultats indiquent qu’en moyenne les adolescents auteurs d’agression sexuelle (AAAS) québécois ont commis un premier délit sexuel à l’âge de 14,5 ans (E-T = 1,6). Les paramètres de la délinquance permettent de distinguer trois profils : les jeunes n’ayant commis qu’un délit (52,8 %), ceux ayant une délinquance peu variée et volumineuse (de 2 à 10 délits; 35,8 %) et ceux ayant une délinquance variée, intense et persistante (environ 5 %). De plus, les AAAS commettent principalement des délits à caractère violent (Moy = 2,6 délits violents par jeune; E-T : 2,6). Sur le plan de la victimisation, un peu plus de huit jeunes sur dix (82 %) ont été signalés à la Direction de la Protection de la Jeunesse (DPJ). Ce portrait a été tracé à l’aide des délits et des signalements répertoriés dans la base de données des Centres Jeunesses. Ces données ne peuvent rendre compte de la délinquance cachée ou de la maltraitance qui ne sont pas portées à l’attention des intervenants sociaux.
Les effets d’un cours d’efficience cognitive sur de nouveaux étudiants de l’Université de l’Alberta
Authors: Langevin René , Laurent Angélique 
Published: May 2017

Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer systématiquement les effets d’un cours d’efficience cognitive (CEC) sur des étudiants de première année de l’Université de l’Alberta. Six variables ont été examinées en lien avec cet objectif, soit 1) le rendement académique, 2) le stress psychologique, 3) la motivation, 4) l’estime de soi, 5) les fonctions exécutives et 6) les stratégies d’apprentissage acquises dans le cadre du cours. À partir d’un devis quasi expérimental, nous avons choisi des questionnaires susceptibles de mesurer ces six variables chez dix (N=10) étudiants répartis entre un groupe expérimental (N=5) et un groupe témoin (N=5). Il s’agit des questionnaires suivants : 1) la Mesure du stress psychologique (MSP), 2) l’Échelle de Motivation dans les études (ÉMÉ), 3) l’Échelle Toulousaine d’estime de soi (ÉTES), 4) le Profil de gestion exécutive (PGEX) et 5) un questionnaire-maison mesurant la durabilité des stratégies d’apprentissage acquises pendant le CEC. Les passassions ont eu lieu au début du cours puis 11 mois après celui-ci. Les analyses statistiques ont indiqué un effet durable sur le groupe témoin quant à la variable 6 « stratégies d’apprentissage », c’est-à-dire une augmentation des stratégies d’apprentissage dans le cas des participants du groupe témoin. Ces résultats n’appuient pas ceux de Ruph (2001) sur l’efficacité du CEC et entraînent des constats discutés à la lumière des recherches dans le domaine.
Dynamics and genetic diversification ofEscherichia coliduring experimental adaptation to an anaerobic environment
Authors: Finn Thomas J. , Shewaramani Sonal , Leahy Sinead C. , Janssen Peter H. , Moon Christina D. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMany bacteria are facultative anaerobes, and can proliferate in both anoxic and oxic environments. Under anaerobic conditions, fermentation is the primary means of energy generation in contrast to respiration. Furthermore, the rates and spectra of spontaneous mutations that arise during anaerobic growth differ to those under aerobic growth. A long-term selection experiment was undertaken to investigate the genetic changes that underpin how the facultative anaerobe,Escherichia coli, adapts to anaerobic environments.MethodsTwenty-one populations ofE. coliREL4536, an aerobically evolved 10,000th generation descendent of theE. coliB strain, REL606, were established from a clonal ancestral culture. These were serially sub-cultured for 2,000 generations in a defined minimal glucose medium in strict aerobic and strict anaerobic environments, as well as in a treatment that fluctuated between the two environments. The competitive fitness of the evolving lineages was assessed at approximately 0, 1,000 and 2,000 generations, in both the environment of selection and the alternative environment. Whole genome re-sequencing was performed on random colonies from all lineages after 2,000-generations. Mutations were identified relative to the ancestral genome, and based on the extent of parallelism, traits that were likely to have contributed towards adaptation were inferred.ResultsThere were increases in fitness relative to the ancestor among anaerobically evolved lineages when tested in the anaerobic environment, but no increases were found in the aerobic environment. For lineages that had evolved under the fluctuating regime, relative fitness increased significantly in the anaerobic environment, but did not increase in the aerobic environment. The aerobically-evolved lineages did not increase in fitness when tested in either the aerobic or anaerobic environments. The strictly anaerobic lineages adapted more rapidly to the anaerobic environment than did the fluctuating lineages. Two main strategies appeared to predominate during adaptation to the anaerobic environment: modification of energy generation pathways, and inactivation of non-essential functions. Fermentation pathways appeared to alter through selection for mutations in genes such asnadR, adhE, dcuS/R, andpflB. Mutations were frequently identified in genes for presumably dispensable functions such as toxin-antitoxin systems, prophages, virulence and amino acid transport. Adaptation of the fluctuating lineages to the anaerobic environments involved mutations affecting traits similar to those observed in the anaerobically evolved lineages.DiscussionThere appeared to be strong selective pressure for activities that conferred cell yield advantages during anaerobic growth, which include restoring activities that had previously been inactivated under long-term continuous aerobic evolution of the ancestor.
Importance of Ekman transport and gyre circulation change on seasonal variation of surface dissolved iron in the western subarctic North Pacific
Authors: Nakanowatari Takuya , Nakamura Tomohiro , Uchimoto Keisuke , Nishioka Jun , Mitsudera Humio , Wakatsuchi Masaaki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for marine phytoplankton and it constitutes an important element in the marine carbon cycle in the ocean. This study examined the mechanisms controlling seasonal variation of dissolved Fe (dFe) in the western subarctic North Pacific (WSNP), using an ocean general circulation model coupled with a simple biogeochemical model incorporating a dFe cycle fed by two major sources (atmospheric dust and continental shelf sediment). The model reproduced the seasonal cycle of observed concentrations of dFe and macronutrients at the surface in the Oyashio region with maxima in winter (February–March) and minima in summer (July–September), although the simulated seasonal amplitudes are a half of the observed values. Analysis of the mixed‐layer dFe budget indicated that both local vertical entrainment and lateral advection are primary contributors to the wintertime increase in dFe concentration. In early winter, strengthened northwesterly winds excite southward Ekman transport and Ekman upwelling over the western subarctic gyre, transporting dFe‐rich water southward. In mid to late winter, the southward western boundary current of the subarctic gyre and the outflow from the Sea of Okhotsk also bring dFe‐rich water to the Oyashio region. The contribution of atmospheric dust to the dFe budget is several times smaller than these ocean transport processes in winter. These results suggest that the westerly wind‐induced Ekman transport and gyre circulation systematically influence the seasonal cycle of WSNP surface dFe concentration.
A dual‐chamber method for quantifying the effects of atmospheric perturbations on secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass burning emissions
Authors: Tkacik Daniel S. , Robinson Ellis S. , Ahern Adam , Saleh Rawad , Stockwell Chelsea , Veres Patrick , Simpson Isobel J. , Meinardi Simone , Blake Donald R. , Yokelson Robert J. , Presto Albert A. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Donahue Neil M. , Robinson Allen L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiomass burning (BB) is a major source of atmospheric pollutants. Field and laboratory studies indicate that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from BB emissions is highly variable. We investigated sources of this variability using a novel dual‐smog‐chamber method that directly compares the SOA formation from the same BB emissions under two different atmospheric conditions. During each experiment, we filled two identical Teflon smog chambers simultaneously with BB emissions from the same fire. We then perturbed the smoke with UV lights, UV lights plus nitrous acid (HONO), or dark ozone in one or both chambers. These perturbations caused SOA formation in nearly every experiment with an average organic aerosol (OA) mass enhancement ratio of 1.78 ± 0.91 (mean ± 1σ). However, the effects of the perturbations were highly variable ranging with OA mass enhancement ratios ranging from 0.7 (30% loss of OA mass) to 4.4 across the set of perturbation experiments. There was no apparent relationship between OA enhancement and perturbation type, fuel type, and modified combustion efficiency. To better isolate the effects of different perturbations, we report dual‐chamber enhancement (DUCE), which is the quantity of the effects of a perturbation relative to a reference condition. DUCE values were also highly variable, even for the same perturbation and fuel type. Gas measurements indicate substantial burn‐to‐burn variability in the magnitude and composition of SOA precursor emissions, even in repeated burns of the same fuel under nominally identical conditions. Therefore, the effects of different atmospheric perturbations on SOA formation from BB emissions appear to be less important than burn‐to‐burn variability.