bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ang-2/VEGF bispecific antibody reprograms macrophages and resident microglia to anti-tumor phenotype and prolongs glioblastoma survival
Authors: Kloepper Jonas , Riedemann Lars , Amoozgar Zohreh , Seano Giorgio , Susek Katharina , Yu Veronica , Dalvie Nisha , Amelung Robin L. , Datta Meenal , Song Jonathan W. , Askoxylakis Vasileios , Taylor Jennie W. , Lu-Emerson Christine , Batista Ana , Kirkpatrick Nathaniel D. , Jung Keehoon , Snuderl Matija , Muzikansky Alona , Stubenrauch Kay G. , Krieter Oliver , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Xu Lei , Munn Lance L. , Duda Dan G. , Fukumura Dai , Batchelor Tracy T. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Improving survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) using antiangiogenic therapy remains a challenge. In this study we show that dual blockade of angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor delays tumor growth and enhances survival benefits through reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages toward an antitumor phenotype as well as by pruning immature tumor vessels. The antitumor immunomodulatory potential of this dual blockade supports clinical testing of this approach for GBM with other immunotherapeutic approaches such as checkpoint blockers.
Prostate epithelial cell of origin determines cancer differentiation state in an organoid transformation assay
Authors: Park Jung Wook , Lee John K. , Phillips John W. , Huang Patrick , Cheng Donghui , Huang Jiaoti , Witte Owen N. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
This study demonstrates that both primary human basal and luminal epithelial cells are cells of origin for prostate cancer through the use of a prostate organoid culture system. This technology enables the monitoring of early stages of prostate tumorigenesis in vitro and the interrogation of human prostate epithelial populations with synonymous oncogenic stimuli. The combination of c-Myc overexpression and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway drives high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma in basal cell-derived tumors; however, the same oncogenic stress causes low-grade prostate adenocarcinoma in luminal cell-derived tumors. These findings indicate inherent context-specific and lineage-dependent differences in the response of human prostate epithelial cells to oncogenic stimuli.
Oral administration of Aloe vera gel powder prevents UVB-induced decrease in skin elasticity via suppression of overexpression of MMPs in hairless mice
Authors: Saito Marie , Tanaka Miyuki , Misawa Eriko , Yao Ruiquing , Nabeshima Kazumi , Yamauchi Kouji , Abe Fumiaki , Yamamoto Yuki , Furukawa Fukumi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study reports the effects of oral Aloe vera gel powder (AVGP) containing Aloe sterols on skin elasticity and the extracellular matrix in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. Ten-week-old hairless mice were fed diets containing 0.3% AVGP for 8 weeks and irradiated UVB for 6 weeks. Mice treated with AVGP showed significant prevention of the UVB-induced decrease in skin elasticity. To investigate the mechanism underlying this suppression of skin elasticity loss, we measured the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, and -13. AVGP prevented both the UVB-induced increases in MMPs expressions. Moreover, we investigated hyaluronic acid (HA) content of mice dorsal skin and gene expression of HA synthase-2 (Has2). In the results, AVGP oral administration prevented UVB-induced decreasing in skin HA content and Has2 expression and attenuates the UVB-induced decrease in serum adiponectin, which promotes Has2 expression. These results suggested that AVGP has the ability to prevent the skin photoaging.
On the efficient acceleration of clouds in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Waters Tim , Proga Daniel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the broad line region of active galactic nuclei (AGN), acceleration occurs naturally when a cloud condenses out of the hot confining medium due to the increase in line opacity as the cloud cools. However, acceleration by radiation pressure is not very efficient when the flux is time-independent, unless the flow is 1D. Here, we explore how acceleration is affected by a time-varying flux, as AGN are known to be highly variable. If the period of flux oscillations is longer than the thermal time-scale, we expect the gas to cool during the low flux state, and therefore line opacity should quickly increase. The cloud will receive a small kick due to the increased radiation force. We perform hydrodynamical simulations using athena to confirm this effect and quantify its importance. We find that despite the flow becoming turbulent in 2D due to hydrodynamic instabilities, a 20 per cent modulation of the flux leads to a net increase in acceleration – by more than a factor of 2 – in both 1D and 2D. We show that this acceleration is sufficient to produce the observed line widths, although we only consider optically thin clouds. We discuss the implications of our results for photoionization modelling and reverberation mapping.
The tangential velocity of M31: CLUES from constrained simulations
Authors: Carlesi Edoardo , Hoffman Yehuda , Sorce Jenny G. , Gottlöber Stefan , Yepes Gustavo , Courtois Hélène , Tully R. Brent 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Determining the precise value of the tangential component of the velocity of M31 is a non-trivial astrophysical issue that relies on complicated modelling. This has recently lead to conflicting estimates, obtained by several groups that used different methodologies and assumptions. This Letter addresses the issue by computing a Bayesian posterior distribution function of this quantity, in order to measure the compatibility of those estimates with Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM). This is achieved using an ensemble of Local Group (LG) look-alikes collected from a set of constrained simulations (CSs) of the local Universe, and a standard unconstrained ΛCDM. The latter allows us to build a control sample of LG-like pairs and to single out the influence of the environment in our results. We find that neither estimate is at odds with ΛCDM; however, whereas CSs favour higher values of vtan, the reverse is true for estimates based on LG samples gathered from unconstrained simulations, overlooking the environmental element.
Unusual rainbow and white rainbow: A new auroral candidate in oriental historical sources
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Isobe Hiroaki , Davis Kawamura Akito , Tamazawa Harufumi , Miyahara Hiroko , Kataoka Ryuho 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Solar activity has been recorded as auroras or sunspots in various historical sources. These records are of great importance for investigating both long-term solar activities and extremely intense solar flares. According to previous studies, they were recorded as “vapor,” “cloud,” or “light,” especially in oriental historical sources; however, this terminology has not been discussed adequately, and remains still quite vague. In this paper, we suggest the possibility of using “unusual rainbow” and “white rainbow” as candidates of historical auroras in oriental historical sources, and examine if this is probable. This discovery will help us to make more comprehensive historical auroral catalogues, and require us to add these terms to auroral candidates in oriental historical sources.
Synthetic miR-16-5p does not act as a reverse transcriptase co-factor to enhance detection of small RNA
Authors: McAlexander Melissa A. , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTFailure to detect low-abundance microRNAs (miRNAs), for example, in circulating plasma, may occur for a variety of reasons, including presence of enzyme inhibitors. Recently, we received the unusual but intriguing suggestion that miR-16-5p acts as a co-factor of reverse transcriptases, facilitating more efficient reverse transcription of miRNAs and thus enhanced detection of low-abundance miRNAs. We tested this hypothesis by incubating reverse transcriptase with several concentrations of synthetic miR-16-5p and then performing stem-loop RT-qPCR with serial dilutions of miRNA osa-MIR168a. Our results do not support a role for miR-16 as a co-factor of reverse transcriptase.
Designs and methods in school improvement research: a systematic review
Authors: Feldhoff Tobias , Radisch Falk , Bischof Linda Marie 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to focus on challenges faced by longitudinal quantitative analyses of school improvement processes and offers a systematic literature review of current papers that use longitudinal analyses. In this context, the authors assessed designs and methods that are used to analyze the relation between school improvement processes and student outcomes. Based on this the authors point out to what extent the papers consider different aspects of the complex nature of school improvement (e.g. multilevel structure, indirect and nonlinear effects, reciprocity). The choice of study designs and methods of analysis substantially determines which aspects of this complexity are taken into account.Design/methodology/approach– The authors searched in four international high-impact journals and in ERIC for articles reporting longitudinal school improvement studies. The database of the review consisted of a total of 428 journal articles. In total, 13 of the 428 papers met the selection criteria and were analyzed in detail.Findings– The analyzed papers use a wide range of designs and methodological approaches. They support the assumption that sophisticated quantitative longitudinal designs and methods can be applied effectively in school improvement research. However, considering the complexity of school improvement is accompanied by high demands on designs and methods. Due to this none of the papers met the standards applied in this review completely.Research limitations/implications– In particular, further research is needed to consider a long period of observation, reciprocal indirect and nonlinear processes in a multilevel structure. Moreover, research is required for a better and unambiguous theoretical foundation and empirical validation of the number of and intervals between measurement points.Practical implications– If more consideration is given to the complex nature of school improvement in future studies, the broader knowledge base will allow a better understanding of the dynamic relation of school improvement and student learning. It would thus be possible to make more appropriate recommendations for the support of school improvement practice.Originality/value– The original contribution of the paper is to show which aspects of the complexity of school improvement processes – and to what extent – are currently addressed in designs and methods of analysis applied in quantitative longitudinal studies that investigate the relation between schools’ capacity to managing change and student outcomes. Additionally the authors aim at deriving need for further research and giving guidelines how designs and methods in further studies can reflect the complexity appropriately. It is highly important to consider all aspects of this complexity to describe and understand the dynamic relation of school improvement processes and student outcomes.
What matters more? The impact of industry and organizational factors on organizational culture
Authors: Chaudhry Anjali , Yuan Ling , Hu Jia , Cooke Robert A. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Writings on organizational culture suggest that cultural values and norms are influenced by factors at the organizational, industry, and societal levels. While the effects of societal and organizational factors have been researched extensively, those of industry factors have not received commensurate attention. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relative importance of industry vs organizational variables in explaining the cultural norms reported by individuals within organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The effects of two industry characteristics, (growth rate and research and development intensity) and two sets of organizational factors (leadership behaviors and human resource practices) on the strength of constructive, passive/defensive, and aggressive/defensive organizational cultural norms were investigated.

Findings
– Results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis of survey data from 3,245 respondents in 424 organizations in 12 different industries revealed significant between-organization variation but no significant between-industry variation in the three types of cultural norms measured. Furthermore, while industry-level factors were unrelated to culture, significant variance in the culture measures was explained by leadership behaviors and human resource practices (use of rewards and fairness of performance appraisal).

Research limitations/implications
– The strength of cultural norms and expectations within an organization evolve in response to attributes specific to the organization and do not necessarily reflect industry characteristics. The results indicate that organizations using surveys to assess their cultures may learn as much (if not more) by comparing their feedback to data on organizations across a spectrum of industries as opposed to organizations exclusively in their own industry.

Originality/value
– Most of the frameworks developed to examine and describe the cultures of organizations delineate specific dimensions or types that are assumed to be relevant to all organizations regardless of the industries within which they operate. The purpose of this paper was to explore the validity of this assumption by investigating the relative impact of industry and organizational factors on organizational culture.
A decision making model for selecting start-up businesses in a government venture capital scheme
Authors: Afful-Dadzie Eric , Afful-Dadzie Anthony 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose an intuitionistic fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decision making method for the selection of start-up businesses in a government venture capital (GVC) scheme. Most GVC funded start-ups fail or underperform compared to those funded by private VCs due to a number of reasons including lack of transparency and unfairness in the selection process. By its design, the proposed method is able to increase transparency and reduce the influence of bias in GVC start-up selection processes. The proposed method also models uncertainty in the selection criteria using fuzzy set theory that mirrors the natural human decision-making process.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed method first presents a set of criteria relevant to the selection of early stage but high-potential start-ups in a GVC financing scheme. These criteria are then analyzed using the TOPSIS method in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging Operator is used to aggregate ratings of decision makers. A numerical example of how the proposed method could be used in GVC start-up candidate selection in a highly competitive GVC scheme is provided.

Findings
– The methodology adopted increases fairness and transparency in the selection of start-up businesses for fund support in a government-run VC scheme. The criteria set proposed is ideal for selecting start-up businesses in a government controlled VC scheme. The decision-making framework demonstrates how uncertainty in the selection criteria are efficiently modelled with the TOPSIS method.

Practical implications
– As GVC schemes increase around the world, and concerns about failure and underperformance of GVC funded start-ups increase, the proposed method could help bring formalism and ensure the selection of start-ups with high potential for success.

Originality/value
– The framework designs relevant sets of criteria for a selection problem, demonstrates the use of extended TOPSIS method in intuitionistic fuzzy sets and apply the proposed method in an area that has not been considered before. Additionally, it demonstrates how intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS could be carried out in a real decision-making application setting.
Strategic decision implementation in an emerging market
Authors: Anchor John R. , Aldehayyat Jehad S. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which the institutional context impacts on strategic decision implementation in an emerging market. Previous studies of strategic decision making in emerging markets have not examined decision implementation. Given the changes in the world economy during the past decade, and in particular the growing importance of emerging market multinationals, this is an increasingly salient issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– Questionnaires were delivered to general managers in all Jordanian publicly quoted industrial firms. A 53.7 per cent response rate was achieved. The structure of the questionnaire built on earlier studies in developed markets and, in particular, Alexander’s (1985) seminal study.

Findings
– The strategic decision implementation problems which are found in Jordan are similar to those found in developed economies. However, external shocks are a more important influence on strategic decision implementation that has been found to be the case in developed economies. The success of companies in the emerging market of Jordan is associated with the frequency and extent of their experience of strategic decision implementation problems. Formal strategic planning helps Jordanian firms to deal with these problems more effectively.

Research limitations/implications
– It was difficult to explore some of the “why” questions related to the implementation of strategic decisions in the sampled firms since most respondents agreed to complete the questionnaire but not to be interviewed. Single, rather than multiple, respondents participated in the research. A larger sample size would be desirable, although the results are statistically robust.

Practical implications
– The results will help managers to make and implement strategic decisions, both in the context of market entry and market maintenance, in the Middle East and in other emerging markets.

Originality/value
– Context (institutional) factors are found to be less influential in the case of decision implementation than strategic decision making itself. This is the first study of the problems associated with the implementation of strategic decisions in Jordanian firms and one of the first in any emerging market.
International diversification and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Ma Hanyang , Zeng Saixing , Shen Geoffrey Qiping , Lin Han , Chen Hongquan 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between international diversification strategy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) for firms from emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on an empirical study of a sample of Chinese firms listed in Engineering News Record top contractors from 2010 to 2014. A moderated analysis is employed in order to test the hypotheses and examine how the scale and scope of international diversification affect CSR.

Findings
– The empirical results show that degree of internationalization (DOI), as the scale, is positively related to firms’ CSR scores. Furthermore, two scopes, geographic diversification (GD) and project diversification (PD), have different effects on CSR scores. GD negatively moderates the relationship between DOI and CSR scores, while PD has a positive direct impact on CSR scores.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper focusses on firms from emerging economies; therefore, the findings may not hold for firms from developed markets.

Practical implications
– The results of this paper provide strategical advice regarding international business, for firms from emerging economies to meet the managerial challenges regarding CSR in global markets.

Originality/value
– As the relationship between international diversification and financial performance has been thoroughly discussed in previous studies, this paper extends the literature on international diversification’s effects on CSR.
Board diversity and R & D investment
Authors: Midavaine Jeanelle , Dolfsma Wilfred , Aalbers Rick 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of board diversity on the extent to which firms invest in R & D.Design/methodology/approach– Based on data collected about the composition of the board of directors, the authors determine statistically if the characteristics of directors predicts the extent to which firms invest more in R & D.Findings– The authors find, unexpectedly, that tenure diversity lead firms to invest less in R & D, while education diversity and gender diversity makes firms invest more. Gender diversity positively moderates education diversity as well, strengthening the effect found.Research limitations/implications– The sample of firms the authors include in the paper is restricted due to the overwhelming difficulty in collecting data about the composition of boards of directors, and their backgrounds.Practical implications– The paper offers insights into how boards of directors might need to be composed in order to try have firms invest more in R & D.Social implications– Innovative firms are more competitive and more sustainable. Knowing what contributes to a firm’s investment in R & D is thus of great social value.Originality/value– The authors include a much larger set of diversity measures than any previously published study, and provide counter-intuitive findings that have implications for practice, society, as well as theory about team composition.
Predicting entrepreneurial intentions from work values
Authors: Tipu Syed Awais Ahmad , Ryan James C. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to extend the current debate on value-intention link by investigating the hitherto unexplored relation between the concepts of the multidimensional work ethic profile and entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). In addition, this research seeks to offer specific insight into the work values and EIs of United Arab Emirates (UAE) national youth in an effort to contribute to decision making and policy formation for enhancing entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 309 UAE youth completed an Arabic version of the short form multidimensional work ethic profile (MWEP-SF) and a measure of EI.Findings– Results confirm the value-intention link and support the view that values can direct work choices in entrepreneurship. The regression model identifies that the work ethics of wasted time, leisure, and self-reliance positively predict EI, while centrality of work is unrelated to EI.Originality/value– The relation between work values and EI of youth is underexplored in the context of the UAE. The current extreme underrepresentation of UAE nationals in the private sector of the UAE economy highlights a significant problem for the UAE strategy of workforce nationalization. As the current findings reveal that the UAE youth possess work values which can predict EIs, the policy initiatives in the UAE may encourage Emirati nationals to more actively participate in the new venture creation and development. This will potentially facilitate the government to achieve the balance between public sector employability and self-employment contributions in the private sector.