bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERPRETATION OF CSAMT SINGLE‐COMPONENT DATA
Authors: Shu YAN , Guo‐Qiang XUE , Wei‐Zhong QIU , Nan‐Nan ZHOU 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFollowing the magnetotelluric method, the apparent resistivity of the controlled source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric method is usually derived from the ratio of electric field and magnetic field. For CSAMT, as the source power current density is known, both of the electric and magnetic field components are related to the resistivity of the earth. The apparent resistivity can be obtained from the single electric field or magnetic field. In this paper, we put forward the inversion and interpretation methods for component data of CSAMT after analyzing the data features. During the curve fitting inversion, in order to deduct real formation and obtain finer resistivity‐depth section, the number of frequency of curves is regarded as the inversion earth layers number. The all‐zone electric component apparent resistivity inversion is developed. Then, the phase is introduced into the inversion process to cancel the static offset. The prospecting for water‐filled goaf in Shanxi Province suggests that the single component interpretation is useful.
Does selection on horn length of males and females differ in protected and hunted populations of a weakly dimorphic ungulate?
Authors: Corlatti Luca , Storch Ilse , Filli Flurin , Anderwald Pia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWeaponry in ungulates may be costly to grow and maintain, and different selective pressures in males and females may lead to sex‐biased natural survival. Sexual differences in the relationship between weapon growth and survival may increase under anthropogenic selection through culling, for example because of trophy hunting. Selection on weaponry growth under different scenarios has been largely investigated in males of highly dimorphic ungulates, for which survival costs (either natural or hunting related) are thought to be greatest. Little is known, however, about the survival costs of weaponry in males and females of weakly dimorphic species. We collected information on horn length and age at death/shooting of 407 chamois Rupicapra rupicapra in a protected population and in two hunted populations with different hunting regimes, to explore sexual differences in the selection on early horn growth under contrasting selective pressures. We also investigated the variation of horn growth and body mass in yearling males (n = 688) and females (n = 539) culled in one of the hunted populations over 14 years. The relationship between horn growth and survival showed remarkable sexual differences under different evolutionary scenarios. Within the protected population, under natural selection, we found no significant trade‐off in either males or females. Under anthropogenic pressure, selection on early horn growth of culled individuals showed diametrically opposed sex‐biased patterns, depending on the culling regime and hunters’ preferences. Despite the selective bias between males and females in one of the hunted populations, we did not detect significant sex‐specific differences in the long‐term pattern of early growth. The relationship between early horn growth and natural survival in either sex might suggest stabilizing selection on horn size in chamois. Selection through culling can be strongly sex‐biased also in weakly dimorphic species, depending on hunters’ preferences and hunting regulations, and long‐term data are needed to reveal potential undesirable evolutionary consequences.
Worst Case Prediction‐Based Differential Evolution for Multi‐Noisy‐Hard‐Objective Optimization Problems
Authors: TAGAWA KIYOHARU , HARADA SHOICHI 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYA new multiobjective optimization problem in presence of noise is formulated and called multi‐noisy‐hard‐objective optimization problem (MNHOP). Since considering the worst case performance is important in many real‐world optimization problems, each solution of MNHOP is evaluated based on the upper bounds of noisy objective functions’ values predicted statistically from multiple samples. Then an Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm (EMOA) based on Differential Evolution is applied to MNHOP. Three sample saving techniques, namely U‐cut, C‐cut, and resampling, are proposed and introduced into the EMOA for allocating its computing budget only to promising solutions. Finally, the effects of those techniques are examined through numerical experiments.
Decision Support Method with AHP According to Similar Preference
Authors: YUMOTO MASAKI 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYIn the decision support method with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), each evaluation criteria are evaluated for target objective, and each alternative is evaluated for each evaluation criteria. This method recommends alternatives to the user according to the total degree of weight, which is calculated from these two kinds of evaluation values. If the target user does not know all alternatives, AHP needs to use the average value of other evaluators’ evaluation in usual decision support method. However, this method does not reflect target user's preference, and the result does not satisfy the user in many cases. This paper proposes a decision support method with AHP according to similar preference. The proposal method searches the set of alternatives evaluation by others, which is nearest to evaluation by target user in the evaluation distance between alternatives. Evaluation distance is calculated using the value of an evaluation level. The shorter distance the set of alternatives is, the more appropriate alternatives user finds in this method. In practical experiment, the proposal method recommended more satisfied alternatives than the usual method, in which the evaluation value of alternatives is the average value among other evaluators.
A conditional probability index to quantify the amplitude and the direction of spatiotemporal changes in communities
Authors: Sylvain Jean‐Daniel , Drolet Guillaume , Thiffault Nelson , Beguin Julien , Hébert François 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMonitoring and mapping species diversity using indicators can allow the detection of changes in communities. Conclusions regarding these changes greatly depend on the choice of indicator. Here, we propose a new metric, the distance biochange index (DBCI), that enables the characterization and quantification of both the level and direction of change in biological communities relative to a given reference state. The proposed metric uses conditional probabilities to assess the probability of observing a complete change in a given community and can be decomposed into four conditional probabilities of change: no change, complete change in species composition only, complete change in species richness only, and complete change in both species composition and richness. In this study, we compared the properties of DBCI and BCI, a similarity version of DBCI, with those of other widely used indices. We also proposed a new approach, based on the use of partial derivatives, to assess the sensitivity of six similarity indices over a wide range of contrasting scenarios of change. Finally, we extended the application of DBCI to a simulated case study of the predicted evolution of suitable habitats for 20 species under climate change. Results from this simulation demonstrated that DBCI provides an accurate assessment of the level and direction of change. Results also show that DBCI can be used to reflect the effect of ecological gradients on species composition and species richness in biological communities.
Stability Analysis for Grid‐Connected LCL‐Type Inverter with Digital Control
Authors: KATO TOSHIJI , INOUE KAORU , AKIYAMA YUSUKE , OHASHI KOKI 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYA grid‐connected inverter is indispensable for photovoltaic power generation and smart grid systems, and it must be designed for stable operation. The impedance method based on the Nyquist criterion is often utilized to analyze the stability of grid‐connected inverter systems. The impedance method is based on the eigenvalues of the product of the inverter output admittance and the line impedance matrices in the frequency domain. However, the frequency characteristics have so far been derived only for inverters with analog control systems. A new frequency analysis method for inverters with digital control systems is proposed in this paper. First, a stability analysis example for a three‐phase LCL‐type inverter controlled digitally is shown and the results are compared and validated with those by simulation using a Saber simulator. Finally, they are also compared and validated with experimental results digitally controlled by a DSP‐based system.
Demonstration of Capacitive‐Coupled Power Extraction MHD Generator
Authors: TAKAYANAGI SHO , TAKAHASHI KAZUMASA , SASAKI TORU , KIKUCHI TAKASHI , HARADA NOBUHIRO 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYA capacitive‐coupled power extraction (CCPE) MHD generator was proposed to prevent electrode damages. In this study, we demonstrated the CCPE MHD generator driven by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The result shows that the electron temperature and the electron number density of the ICP are 69,600 K (6 eV) and 1016 1/m3, respectively. The output voltage of MHD generator using the ICP was followed the theory at DC MHD generation. To demonstrate the CCPE MHD generator, the alternating magnetic field was applied to the ICP. The output voltage from the CCPE MHD generator is observed at the load resistance. The output voltage evolution obtained by experimental results is similar to that estimated by the equivalent circuit model.
Atmospheric chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate and ionic perfluoroalkyl acids in 2006 to 2014 in Dalian, China
Authors: Liu Wei , Qin Hui , Li Jingwen , Zhang Qian , Zhang Huanhuan , Wang Zaoshi , He Xin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA; trade name F-53B) is an alternative product for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) used in metal plating; little is known about its levels in the environment and its risks. To our knowledge, the present study constitutes the first report of Cl-PFESA in the atmosphere. In 2006 to 2014, C8 Cl-PFESA, along with ionic perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), was detected in atmospheric particulate matter in Dalian, China. Concentrations of C8 Cl-PFESA increased from 140 pg/m3 in 2007 to 722 pg/m3 in 2014. Levels of 11 (total) ionic PFAAs increased in 2006 to 2008 and decreased afterward, with a range of 35.7 to 860 pg/m3. The PFAAs in the particulate matter were dominated by perfluorocarboxylates, with perfluorooctanoate detected at the highest concentration at a mean level of 71.7 pg/m3, followed by perfluoroheptanoate and perfluorohexanoate. Perfluorosulfonates were detected at lower levels, with mean concentrations of PFOS, perfluorobutanesulfonate, and perfluorohexane sulfonate of 5.73, 1.64, and 1.24 pg/m3, respectively. Back-trajectory analysis suggested that the air mass approaching Dalian during the sampling originated from the northwest, where fluorochemical industry parks and metal plating industries are densely located. No significant correlation was observed between Cl-PFESA and the ionic PFAAs. The relatively high Cl-PFESA concentrations suggested that it possibly contributed largely to the previously reported exposure to undefined organic fluorine compounds, for which further research on emission and environmental risks is needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2581–2586. © 2017 SETAC.
A discrete‐choice model for large heterogeneous panels with interactive fixed effects with an application to the determinants of corporate bond issuance
Authors: Boneva Lena , Linton Oliver 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWhat is the effect of funding costs on the conditional probability of issuing a corporate bond? We study this question in a novel dataset covering 5610 issuances by US firms over the period from 1990 to 2014. Identification of this effect is complicated because of unobserved, common shocks such as the global financial crisis. To account for these shocks, we extend the common correlated effects estimator to settings where outcomes are discrete. Both the asymptotic properties and the small‐sample behavior of this estimator are documented. We find that for non‐financial firms yields are negatively related to bond issuance but that the effect is larger in the pre‐crisis period.
Speckle variance optical coherence tomography of blood flow in the beating mouse embryonic heart
Authors: Grishina Olga A. , Wang Shang , Larina Irina V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEfficient separation of blood and cardiac wall in the beating embryonic heart is essential and critical for experiment‐based computational modelling and analysis of early‐stage cardiac biomechanics. Although speckle variance optical coherence tomography (SV‐OCT) relying on calculation of intensity variance over consecutively acquired frames is a powerful approach for segmentation of fluid flow from static tissue, application of this method in the beating embryonic heart remains challenging because moving structures generate SV signal indistinguishable from the blood. Here, we demonstrate a modified four‐dimensional SV‐OCT approach that effectively separates the blood flow from the dynamic heart wall in the beating mouse embryonic heart. The method takes advantage of the periodic motion of the cardiac wall and is based on calculation of the SV signal over the frames corresponding to the same phase of the heartbeat cycle. Through comparison with Doppler OCT imaging, we validate this speckle‐based approach and show advantages in its insensitiveness to the flow direction and velocity as well as reduced influence from the heart wall movement. This approach has a potential in variety of applications relying on visualization and segmentation of blood flow in periodically moving structures, such as mechanical simulation studies and finite element modelling. Picture: Four‐dimensional speckle variance OCT imaging shows the blood flow inside the beating heart of an E8.5 mouse embryo.
Interphotoreceptor matrix based biomaterial: Impact on human retinal progenitor cell attachment and differentiation
Authors: Kundu Joydip , Michaelson Andrew , Baranov Petr , Chiumiento Marco , Nigl Tom , Young Michael J. , Carrier Rebecca L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhile cell transplantation therapies show great promise as treatments for retinal degeneration, the challenge of low cell survival upon transplantation motivates exploration of materials that may serve as cell delivery vehicles and promote survival and differentiation. In this study, we explored the native matrix that surrounds the outer segments of photoreceptors and promotes their homeostasis, interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), as a substrate for human retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs). Bovine IPM was characterized to determine its structure and biochemical composition, and processed to develop substrates for cells. Cell viability, morphology, proliferation and expression of photoreceptors marker genes were studied on IPM‐based substrates in vitro. We explored different preparations of IPM as a scaffold. Lectin staining revealed that a distinct honeycomb structure of native IPM is lost during centrifugation to prepare a more concentrated suspension of matrix. Biochemical analysis of bovine IPM indicated presence of glycosaminoglycans and proteins. IPM mediated hRPC attachment and spreading with no signs of cytotoxicity. Cells proliferated more on native IPM substrates compared to IPM that was centrifuged to create a concentrated suspension. Cells cultured on IPM substrates expressed markers of photoreceptors: rhodopsin, NRL and ROM1. Together this data supports further exploration of IPM as a tool for retinal tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 891–899, 2018.
Effect of high‐fat diet and growth stage on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in healthy bovine livestock
Authors: Jiao Shengyin , Cao Hui , Dai Yue , Wu Junhui , Lv Jia , Du Renjia , Han Bei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to investigate the composition of bacteria in the bovine rectum and their functions during growth, in relation to different diets. Fecal samples were collected from 6‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month cattle fed high‐fat diet, and healthy female parents fed regular diet. Total DNA was amplified (V3–V4 of 16S rRNA) and submitted to barcode‐DNA pyrosequencing. Intestinal microbiota profiles and functions were then analyzed.RESULTSA total of 114 512 operational taxonomic units were detected from the 1 802 243 sequences obtained. In 6‐month‐old and female parent groups, the top three abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes (37.6%, 32.2%), Firmicutes (34.4%, 48.2%) and Proteobacteria (9.1%, 6.3%); in the 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month groups, they were Proteobacteria (45.5%, 47.1%, 38.8%), Firmicutes (27.4%, 22.2%, 20.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.9%, 19.4%, 17.7%), respectively. Paludibacter and Desulfopila in abundance showed negative (P < 0.001) and positive (P < 0.05) correlation, respectively, to cattle weight gain through metagenomic functional prediction of methane, cysteine and methionine metabolism. Meanwhile, cofactor/vitamin and amino acid metabolic processes were significantly higher in bacteria from the regular diet group than high‐fat diet groups, with markedly lower cellular processes and signaling, and reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSThe 6‐month cattle and female parents shared similar intestinal bacteria; the community structure of fecal microbiota was significantly affected by high‐fat diet in older cattle. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Semi‐end‐to‐end esophagojejunostomy after laparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy better reduces stricture and leakage than the conventional end‐to‐side procedure: A retrospective study
Authors: Duan Wei , Liu Kaijun , Fu Xiaolong , Shen Xuqi , Chen Jun , Su Chongyu , Yu Peiwu , Zhao Yongliang 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectiveLaparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) has not gained popularity due to the technical difficulty of esophagojejunostomy (EJ) and the high incidence of EJ‐related complications. Herein, we compared two types of EJ for Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction to determine whether semi‐end‐to‐end (SETE) EJ is more convenient than the end‐to‐side (ETS) procedure and is capable of reducing stricture and leakage.MethodsA total of 268 patients who underwent LATG with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction were included in this study. Two types of EJ were applied for LATG: conventional ETS EJ and SETE EJ. The surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were compared.ResultsThe mean reconstruction time in the SETE group was shorter than that in the ETS group (41.6 ± 8.0 min vs 51.3 ± 9.2 min, P = 0.000). The incidences of total EJ‐related complications, EJ leakage, and EJ stricture in the SETE group and ETS group were 1.1% (1/92) and 10.2% (18/176), 1.1% (1/92) and 4.0% (7/176), and 0 and 6.2% (11/176), respectively. The incidence of total EJ‐related complications in the SETE group was lower than that of the ETS group (P = 0.006), and the incidence of EJ stricture in the SETE group was lower than that of the ETS group (P = 0.034).ConclusionsSETE EJ is more convenient than the conventional ETS procedure and is associated with a shorter reconstruction time and a lower incidence of EJ stricture and leakage.
Ultrasonic modulation of tissue optical properties in ex vivo porcine skin to improve transmitted transdermal laser intensity
Authors: Whiteside Paul J.D. , Qian Chenxi , Golda Nicholas , Hunt Heather K. 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectiveApplications of light‐based energy devices involving optical targets within the dermis frequently experience negative side‐effects resultant from surface scattering and excess optical absorption by epidermal melanin. As a broadband optical absorber, melanin decreases the efficacy of light‐based treatments throughout the ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared spectra while also generating additional heat within the surface tissue that can lead to inflammation or tissue damage. Consequently, procedures may be performed using greater energy densities to ensure that the target receives a clinically relevant dose of light; however, such practices are limited, as doing so tends to exacerbate the detrimental complications resulting from melanin absorption of treatment light. The technique presented herein represents an alternative method of operation aimed at increasing epidermal energy fluence while mitigating excess absorption by unintended chromophores. The approach involves the application of continuously pulsed ultrasound to modulate the tissue's optical properties and thereby improve light transmission through the epidermis.Materials and MethodsTo demonstrate the change in optical properties, pulsed light at a wavelength of 532 nm from a Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser was transmitted into 4 mm thick samples of porcine skin, comprised of both epidermal and dermal tissue. The light was transmitted using an optical waveguide, which allowed for an ultrasonic transducer to be incorporated for simultaneous paraxial pulsation in parallel with laser operation. Light transmitted through the tissue was measured by a photodiode attached to an integrating sphere.ResultsIncreasing the driving voltage of ultrasonic pulsation resulted in an increase in mean transmitted optical power of up to a factor of 1.742 ± 0.0526 times the control, wherein no ultrasound was applied, after which the optical power increase plateaued to an average amplification factor of 1.733 ± 0.549 times the control.ConclusionsThe increase implies a reduction in light either back‐scattered or absorbed within the tissue, which would allow for a greater proportion of incident energy to be delivered to the clinical target, thereby improving procedural efficacy and potentially reducing the severity of detrimental side‐effects. Apparatus Lasers Surg. Med. 49:666–674, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiovascular risk management in rheumatoid arthritis: A large gap to close
Authors: Ladak Karim , Hashim Jomana , Clifford‐Rashotte Matthew , Tandon Vikas , Matsos Mark , Patel Ameen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) portends significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We therefore determined how often rheumatologists screened for and managed cardiovascular risk factors in RA patients, and the barriers to doing so.MethodsWe examined 300 patient charts from 10 university‐affiliated rheumatology practices, to ascertain if they had been screened, treated and/or referred over a 3‐year period. We subsequently distributed a national survey to Canadian rheumatologists to elucidate challenges in performing optimal cardiovascular risk modification.ResultsMost patients were screened for hypertension. Forty‐one per cent were found to be hypertensive; however, the majority of these patients were neither treated nor referred to another provider for management. A small minority of patients were screened for diabetes and/or hyperlipidaemia, and these were usually not addressed if abnormal. Men were referred more frequently than women. Consistent with these findings, the majority of rheumatologists from the national survey felt that they did not manage cardiovascular risk adequately; 79.4% cited a lack of time as a major barrier, and 82.5% felt that it should be managed by the primary care provider.ConclusionThere is marked underdiagnosis and undertreatment of cardiac risk in RA. Several major barriers exist, including lack of time. Most rheumatologists feel that this aspect of care is the responsibility of primary care physicians.