bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary Eutectic Electrolyte for Flexible Wide‐Temperature Zinc‐Ion Batteries from −20 °C to 70 °C
Authors: Liu Qinbo , Li Junfu , Xing Doudou , Zhou Yingjie , Yan Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted attention for grid applications due to their cost‐effectiveness and high security. However, their lifespan decreases at high temperatures due to declining interfacial stability and increased side reactions. To address these challenges, a ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based flexible electrolyte, comprised of Zn(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O, butanedinitrile (BD), and LiCl in an amphoteric polymer matrix, was developed to enable wide‐temperature ZIBs working from −20 °C to 70 °C. The interactions among BD, Li+, and zinc hydrate alongside the amphoteric groups on the polyelectrolyte matrix could effectively suppress the interfacial side reactions and Zn dendrites formation. Consequently, the symmetric Zn cell demonstrates exceptional stability across a wide‐temperature range, with the ability to survive up to 2780 hours (1 mA cm−2) at 50 °C. Furthermore, the flexible Zn||PANI battery can operate stably over 1000 cycles at 50 °C, boasting an initial specific capacity of 124.8 mAh g−1 and capacity retention rate of 87.9 % (3 A g−1). This work presents an effective strategy for designing high‐stability energy storage devices with excellent security features that can function reliably across diverse temperature conditions.
Ultrabroad Near Infrared Emitting Perovskites
Authors: Saikia Sajid , Gopal Animesh , Rathod Radha , Joshi Aprajita , Priolkar K. R. , Saha Surajit , Santra Pralay K. , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Nag Angshuman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhosphor converted light emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) have revolutionized solid‐state white lighting by replacing energy‐inefficient filament‐based incandescent lamps. However, such a pc‐LED emitting ultrabroad near‐infrared (NIR) radiations still remains a challenge, primarily because of the lack of ultrabroad NIR emitting phosphors. To address this issue, we have prepared 2.5 % W4+‐doped and 2.8 % Mo4+‐doped Cs2Na0.95Ag0.05BiCl6 perovskites emitting ultrabroad NIR radiation with unprecedented spectral widths of 434 and 468 nm, respectively. Upon band‐edge excitation, the soft lattice of the host exhibits broad self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission covering NIR‐I (700 nm), which then nonradiatively excites the dopants. The
–donor ligand Cl− reduces the energy of dopant d–d transitions emitting NIR‐II with a peak at ~950 nm. Vibronic coupling broadens the dopant emission. The large spin‐orbit coupling and local structural distortion might possibly enhance the dopant emission intensity, leading to an overall NIR photoluminescence quantum yield ~40 %. The composite of our ultrabroad NIR phosphors with biodegradable polymer polylactic acid could be processed into free‐standing films and 3D printed structures. Large (170
170
), robust, and thermally stable 3D printed pc‐LED panels emit ultrabroad NIR radiation, demonstrating NIR imaging applications.
Ultra‐Wide Modulation and Reversible Reconfiguration of a Flexible Organic Crystalline Optical Waveguide Between 645 and 731 nm
Authors: Chen Quanliang , Tang Baolei , Ye Kaiqi , Hu Hanlin , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFlexible organic crystalline optical waveguides, which deliver input or self‐emit light through various dynamic organic crystals, have attracted increasing attention in the past decade. However, the modulation of the waveguide output relies on chemical design and substituent modification, being time‐consuming and laborious. Here we report an elastic organic crystal that displays long‐distance light transduction up to 2.0 cm and an ultra‐wide modulation of crystalline optical waveguides between red (645 nm) and near infrared (731 nm) in both the pristine and the elastically bent states based on a pre‐designed self‐absorption effect. The flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides can be precisely and reversibly reconfigured by controlling the irradiation point. In addition, deep‐red amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) that is able to transduce through a 5.0 mm bent crystal with an ultra‐low optical loss coefficient of 0.093 dB/mm has been attained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of flexible organic ASE waveguides. The present study not only provides a simple yet effective strategy to remarkably modulate flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides but also demonstrates the superiority of lasing over normal emission as flexible optical communication elements.
Adaptive output feedback time‐varying formation tracking of multi‐agent system with a leader of unknown input
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Xiaoyi , Zhan Xisheng , Cai Xiushan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper researches the time‐varying formation tracking (TVFT) problem of linear multi‐agent systems (MASs). By designing a compensator, the problem of time‐varying formation can be considered as the output regulation problem. Thereby, the distributed output feedback controller combined with an adaptive technique is proposed. With this controller, follower agents achieve the desired time‐varying formation and follow the trajectory of the leader agent. Furthermore, extending the designed controller to the case where the leader agent equips with unknown control input. Using Lyapunov stability theory, it is demonstrated that under proper conditions the given protocol is implementable. Simulation example is presented at the end of the paper to illustrate the effectiveness of designed control mechanism.
The use of formal language as a strong sign of verbal autistic children in diglossic communities: The case of Arabic
Authors: Francis Konstantinos , Alshammari Nasser , Alsulaihim Nailah , Aboukhamseen Suja , El Dardiri Mohammad , AlRashidi Fawzeiah , Ridha Hashem Almutaz , AL‐Hassan Mada , Terzi Arhonto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate whether the use of formal language (Modern Standard Arabic [MSA]) by young children in diglossic Arab communities offers diagnostic insights, especially for verbal autistic children and to further explore this phenomenon. We used a cohort study design, with 4–6‐year‐old fluent first language Arabic‐speaking children attending Arabic Kindergartens in two representative Kuwait governates. Reported cases for MSA use were assessed via a computer‐based structured language test and corroborated cases were further assessed for exposure to sources of MSA, verbal IQ, temperamental characteristics, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Four children from the same class without developmental difficulties were selected for each MSA user as control group. The frequency of MSA use among verbal pre‐schoolers was 0.46%. Use of MSA did not correlate with parents' education, amount of exposure to MSA, verbal IQ, but with severity of ASD. Predicted probability of ASD in the presence of MSA was 0.86. Executive functions of ASD‐MSA users were similar to those of the control group and significantly higher than unselected autistic peers in the literature. The use of MSA has the potential to serve as a strong sign for the diagnosis of verbal autistic children, often missed or delayed in being diagnosed. We also discuss strategies via which language is acquired in ASD.
Fabrication of In Situ‐Cross‐Linked N‐Succinyl Chitosan/Oxidized Alginate Hydrogel‐Loaded Ascorbic Acid and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Duong Thanh‐Thuong Le , Vu Binh Thanh , Ta Hanh Thi‐Kieu , Vo Quan Minh , Le Thanh Dinh , Nguyen Thi‐Hiep 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBone tissue engineering is a promising technology being studied globally to become an effective and sustainable method to treat the problems of damaged or diseased bones. In this work, we developed an in situ cross‐linking hydrogel system that combined N‐succinyl chitosan (NSC) and oxidized alginate (OA) at varying mixing ratios through Schiff base cross‐linking. The hydrogel system also contains biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and ascorbic acid (AA), which could enhance biological characteristics and accelerate bone repair. The hydrogels' properties were examined through physicochemical tests such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), pore size and porosity measurement, swelling ratio, degradation rate, AA release study, as well as cytocompatibility, including live/dead and cytotoxicity assays. The results revealed that the supplementation of AA and BCP components can affect the physico‐mechanical properties of the hydrogel system. However, they exhibited noncytotoxic properties. Overall, the results demonstrated that the hydrogel composed of 3% (w/v) NSC and 3% (w/v) OA (NSC: OA volume ratio is 8:2) loaded with 40% (w/w) BCP and 0.3 mg/mL AA has the potential for bone regeneration.
Development and validation of a highly sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of Huperzine A in rat plasma
Authors: Zhang Kejun , Wang Haizhou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuperzine A is a reversible and selective cholinesterase inhibitor and has been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and specific ulta‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of Huperzine A in rat plasma. An aliquot of 50 μL of rat plasma sample was pretreated with 200 μL of acetonitrile‐methanol (v/v; 1:1) containing 0.2% formic acid followed by solid phase extraction. The resulting sample was separated on a Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis of Huperzine A in positive electrospray ionization. In the concentration range of 0.01–10 ng/mL, Huperzine A showed excellent linearity with correlation coefficient > 0.998. The intra‐ and inter‐day RSD% were less than 9.7%, while the RE% ranged from −6.7% to 10.0%. The mean recovery was >84.5%. The validated method was demonstrated to be selective, sensitive, and reliable, which has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of Huperzine A in rat plasma. Huperzine A displayed a long half‐life in rat plasma and high oral bioavailability.
Study on the metabolism of Xiao–Jian–Zhong–Tang in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis coupled with bioinformatics
Authors: Guo Jun Jie , Lu Wen Tian , Liu Yue Tao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractXiao–Jian–Zhong–Tang (XJZT) has the effect of warming the middle and tonifying the deficiency, easing the urgency and relieving pain according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and is able to treat spleen deficiency type chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Metabolites of TCM in cecum contents are common metabolites of intestinal bacteria and hosts, which can reflect the metabolic status in disease states. The present work was performed to study the effect of XJZT against CAG coupled with the cecal metabolites analysis and bioinformatics. A total of nine prototypical components and 144 metabolites were firstly identified in the cecum metabolites of XJZT using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography added to the quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS), which underwent the metabolism of oxidation, reduction, methylation, and glucuronic acid reaction Furthermore, different prototypical compounds might metabolize into identical metabolites in the presence of intestinal flora. Bioinformatics was further used to correlate these metabolites with the disease and intestinal flora. Components and targets were screened by Cytoscape, and molecular docking of key targets and core components showed good binding ability. This study provided important information for exploring the mechanism of TCM formulae.
Automatic segmentation of esophageal cancer, metastatic lymph nodes and their adjacent structures in CTA images based on the UperNet Swin network
Authors: Wang Runyuan , Chen Xingcai , Zhang Xiaoqin , He Ping , Ma Jinfeng , Cui Huilin , Cao Ximei , Nian Yongjian , Xu Ximing , Wu Wei , Wu Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo create a deep‐learning automatic segmentation model for esophageal cancer (EC), metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and their adjacent structures using the UperNet Swin network and computed tomography angiography (CTA) images and to improve the effectiveness and precision of EC automatic segmentation and TN stage diagnosis.MethodsAttention U‐Net, UperNet Swin, UNet++ and UNet were used to train the EC segmentation model to automatically segment the EC, esophagus, pericardium, aorta and MLN from CTA images of 182 patients with postoperative pathologically proven EC. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were used to assess their segmentation effectiveness. The volume of EC was calculated using the segmentation results, and the outcomes and times of automatic and human segmentation were compared. All statistical analyses were completed using SPSS 25.0 software.ResultsAmong the four EC autosegmentation models, the UperNet Swin had the best autosegmentation results with a DSC of 0.7820 and the highest values of EC sensitivity and PPV. The esophagus, pericardium, aorta and MLN had DSCs of 0.7298, 0.9664, 0.9496 and 0.5091. The DSCs of the UperNet Swin were 0.6164, 0.7842, 0.8190, and 0.7259 for T1‐4 EC. The volume of EC and its adjacent structures between the ground truth and UperNet Swin model were not significantly different.ConclusionsThe UperNet Swin showed excellent efficiency in autosegmentation and volume measurement of EC, MLN and its adjacent structures in different T stage, which can help to T and N stage diagnose EC and will save clinicians time and energy.
Frontline evaluation: Atezolizumab–bevacizumab versus lenvatinib for BCLC stage B hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding the up‐to‐seven criteria
Authors: Kimura Masamichi , Nishikawa Koji , Imamura Jun , Kimura Kiminori 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) compared to lenvatinib (LEN) as first‐line systemic therapy for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exceeding the up‐to‐seven criteria threshold, who are typically unsuitable for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 49 consecutive patients with HCC treated at Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital between May 2018 and October 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: the Atez/Bev group (21 patients) and the LEN group (28 patients). Eligibility criteria included Child‐Pugh A classification, no prior systemic therapy, and ineligibility for resection, ablation, or transplantation. Treatment outcomes were assessed through periodic imaging and laboratory tests, evaluating OS, PFS, ORR, and disease control rate (DCR).ResultsBoth groups demonstrated comparable baseline characteristics, with a median follow‐up of 15.4 months. No significant difference was observed in OS between the Atez/Bev and LEN groups (median OS: 19.80 vs. 22.20 months, p = 0.763). The median PFS was 10.23 months for Atez/Bev and 7.20 months for LEN (p = 0.343). There were no statistically significant differences in ORR or DCR between the two groups. Common adverse events included elevated AST and ALT levels, with no significant difference in the overall rate of adverse events between the groups.ConclusionsAtez/Bev and LEN demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety as first‐line systemic treatments for patients with BCLC stage B HCC exceeding the up‐to‐seven criteria. Both therapeutic options are viable for this population, though further large‐scale prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Extracellular matrix production and oxygen diffusion regulate chemotherapeutic response in osteosarcoma spheroids
Authors: Sagheb Isabel S. , Coonan Thomas P. , Randall R. Lor , Griffin Katherine H. , Leach J. Kent 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) survival rates and outcome have not improved in 50 years since the advent of modern chemotherapeutics. Thus, there is a critical need for an improved understanding of the tumor microenvironment to identify better therapies. Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and hypoxia are known to abrogate the efficacy of various chemical and cell‐based therapeutics. Here, we aim to mechanistically investigate the combinatorial effects of hypoxia and matrix deposition with the use of OS spheroids.MethodsWe use two murine OS cell lines with differential metastatic potential to form spheroids. We form spheroids of two sizes, use ascorbate‐2‐phosphate supplementation to enhance ECM deposition, and study cell response under standard (21% O2) and physiologic (5% O2) oxygen tensions. Finally, we examine chemotherapeutic responses to doxorubicin treatment.ResultsECM production and oxygen tension are key determinants of spheroid size through cell organization based on nutrient and oxygen distribution. Interestingly, highly metastatic OS is more susceptible to chemotherapeutics compared to less metastatic OS when matrix production increases. Together, these data suggest that dynamic interactions between ECM production and oxygen diffusion may result in distinct chemotherapeutic responses despite inherent tumor aggressiveness.ConclusionThis work establishes OS spheroids as a valuable tool for early OS tumor formation investigation and holds potential for novel therapeutic target and prognostic indicator discovery.
Targeting the cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts with next‐generation FGFR inhibitors in prostate cancer co‐culture models
Authors: Afshan Syeda , Kim Yu Gang , Mattsson Jesse , Åkerfelt Malin , Härkönen Pirkko , Baumgartner Martin , Nees Matthias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundInhibition of androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the main treatment strategy in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). A subset of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) bypasses the AR blockade by increased fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling. The first‐ and second‐generation, non‐covalent FGFR inhibitors (FGFRis) have largely failed in the clinical trials against PCa. Purpose: In this study, we tested the drug sensitivity of LNCaP, VCaP, and CWR‐R1PCa cell lines to second‐generation, covalent FGFRis (FIIN1, FIIN2) and a novel FGFR downstream molecule inhibitor (FRS2αi).Methods2D and 3D mono‐ and co‐cultures of cancer cells, and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were used to mimic tumor‐stroma interactions in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The treatment responses of the FGFR signaling molecules, the viability and proliferation of cancer cells, and CAFs were determined through immunoblotting, migration assay, cell viability assay, and real‐time imaging. Immunofluorescent and confocal microscopy images of control and treated cultures of cancer cells and CAFs, and their morphometric data were deduced.ResultsThe FGFRis were more effective in mono‐cultures of the cancer cells compared with co‐cultures with CAFs. The FRS2αi was specifically effective in co‐cultures with CAFs but was not cytotoxic to CAF mono‐cultures as in the case of FIIN1 and FIIN2. At the molecular level, FRS2αi decreased p‐FRS2α, p‐ERK1/2, and activated apoptosis as monitored by cleaved caspase‐3 activity in a concentration‐dependent manner in the co‐cultures. We observed no synergistic drug efficacy in the combination treatment of the FGFRi with ARi, enzalutamide, and darolutamide. The FRS2αi treatment led to a decrease in proliferation of cancer cell clusters in co‐cultures as indicated by their reduced size and Ki67 expression.ConclusionsCAFs exert a protective effect on cancer cells and should be included in the in vitro models to make them physiologically more relevant in screening and testing of FGFRis. The FRS2αi was the most potent agent in reducing the viability and proliferation of the 3D organotypic co‐cultures, mainly by disrupting the contact between CAFs and cancer cell clusters. The next‐generation FGFRi, FRS2αi, may be a better alternative treatment option for overcoming ARi treatment resistance in advanced PCa.
What a Difference an Electron Makes: Structural Response of Saddle‐Shaped Tetraphenylene to One and Two Electron Uptake
Authors: Zhu Yikun , Zhou Zheng , Wei Zheng , Tsybizova Alexandra , Gershoni‐Poranne Renana , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCyclooctatetraene (COT) and COT2− dianion are well‐known as archetypical non‐aromatic and aromatic systems, respectively. However, despite a wealth of studies the effect of one electron addition to the eight‐membered ring remains equivocal. Herein, we report the first stepwise electron addition to tetrabenzo[a,c,e,g]cyclooctatetraene (TBCOT or tetraphenylene), accompanied by isolation and structural characterization of the mono‐ and doubly‐reduced anions. The X‐ray crystallographic study reveals only a small asymmetric distortion of the saddle‐shaped core upon one electron uptake. In contrast, the doubly‐reduced product exhibits a severely twisted conformation, with a new C−C bond separating the COT ring into two fused 5‐membered rings. The reversibility of the two‐fold reduction and bond rearrangement is demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy. In agreement with experimental results, computational analysis confirms that the reduction‐induced core rearrangement requires the addition of the second electron.
Discovery of KW0113 as a First and Effective PROTAC Degrader of DNMT1 Protein
Authors: Wang Huihui , Wang Zhaoliang , Hu Linghao , Yang Bingjie , Zong Liangyi , Xu Dounan , Yu Bo , Kong Xiangqian , Wang Mingliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is an attractive therapeutic target for acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. It has been reported that the genetic depletion of DNMT1 inhibited AML cell proliferation through reversing DNA methylation abnormalities. However, no DNMT1‐targeted PROTAC degraders have been reported yet. Herein, a series of proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader of DNMT1 based on dicyanopyridine scaffold and VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand was developed. Among them, KW0113 (DC50=643/899 nM in MV4–11/MOLM‐13 cells) exhibited optimal DNMT1 degradation. KW0113 induced DNMT1‐selective degradation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner through VHL engagement. Moreover, KW0113 inhibited AML cell growth by reversing promoter DNA hypermethylation and tumor‐suppressor genes silencing. In conclusion, these findings proved the capability of PROTAC strategy for inducing DNMT1 degradation, demonstrated the therapeutic potential of DNMT1‐targeted PROTACs. This work also provided a convenient chemical knockdown tool for DNMT1‐related studies.