bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion of red blood cells in patients with traumatic brain injuries admitted to Canadian trauma health centres: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Boutin Amélie , Moore Lynne , Lauzier François , Chassé Michaël , English Shane , Zarychanski Ryan , McIntyre Lauralyn , Griesdale Donald , Fergusson Dean A , Turgeon Alexis F 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundOptimisation of healthcare practices in patients sustaining a traumatic brain injury is of major concern given the high incidence of death and long-term disabilities. Considering the brain's susceptibility to ischaemia, strategies to optimise oxygenation to brain are needed. While red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one such strategy, specific RBC strategies are debated. We aimed to evaluate RBC transfusion frequency, determinants of transfusions and associated clinical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicentre cohort study using data from the National Trauma Registry of Canada. Patients admitted with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury to participating hospitals between April 2005 and March 2013 were eligible. Patient information on blood products, comorbidities, interventions and complications from the Discharge Abstract Database were linked to the National Trauma Registry data. Relative weights analyses evaluated the contribution of each determinant. We conducted multivariate robust Poisson regression to evaluate the association between potential determinants, mortality, complications, hospital-to-home discharge and RBC transfusion. We also used proportional hazard models to evaluate length of stay for time to discharge from ICU and hospital.ResultsAmong the 7062 patients with traumatic brain injury, 1991 patients received at least one RBC transfusion during their hospital stay. Female sex, anaemia, coagulopathy, sepsis, bleeding, hypovolemic shock, other comorbid illnesses, serious extracerebral trauma injuries were all significantly associated with RBC transfusion. Serious extracerebral injuries altogether explained 61% of the observed variation in RBC transfusion. Mortality (risk ratio (RR) 1.23 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.33)), trauma complications (RR 1.38 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.44)) and discharge elsewhere than home (RR 1.88 (95% CI 1.75 to 2.04)) were increased in patients who received RBC transfusion. Discharge from ICU and hospital were also delayed in transfused patients.ConclusionsRBC transfusion is common in patients with traumatic brain injury and associated with unfavourable outcomes. Trauma severity is an important determinant of RBC transfusion. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate optimal transfusion strategies in traumatic brain injury.
To dialyse or delay: a qualitative study of older New Zealanders’ perceptions and experiences of decision-making, with stage 5 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lovell Sarah , Walker Robert J , Schollum John B W , Marshall Mark R , McNoe Bronwen M , Derrett Sarah 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIssues related to renal replacement therapy in elderly people with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are complex. There is inadequate empirical data related to: decision-making by older populations, treatment experiences, implications of dialysis treatment and treatment modality on quality of life, and how these link to expectations of ageing.Study populationParticipants for this study were selected from a larger quantitative study of dialysis and predialysis patients aged 65 years or older recruited from three nephrology services across New Zealand. All participants had reached chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 and had undergone dialysis education but had not started dialysis or recently started dialysis within the past 6 months.MethodologySerial qualitative interviews were undertaken to explore the decision-making processes and subsequent treatment experiences of patients with ESKD.Analytical approach: A framework method guided the iterative process of analysis. Decision-making codes were generated within NVivo software and then compared with the body of the interviews.ResultsInterviews were undertaken with 17 participants. We observed that decision-making was often a fluid process, rather than occurring at a single point in time, and was heavily influenced by perceptions of oneself as becoming old, social circumstances, life events and health status.LimitationsThis study focuses on participants' experiences of decision-making about treatment and does not include perspectives of their nephrologists or other members of the nephrology team.ConclusionsOlder patients often delay dialysis as an act of self-efficacy. They often do not commit to a dialysis decision following predialysis education. Delaying decision-making and initiating dialysis were common. This was not seen by participants as a final decision about therapy. Predialysis care and education should be different for older patients, who will delay decision-making until the time of facing obvious uraemic symptoms, threatening blood tests or paternalistic guidance from their nephrologist.Trial registration numberAustralasian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 12611000024943; results.
Biobanking strategy and sample preprocessing for integrative research in monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Ševčíková T , Growková K , Kufová Z , Filipová J , Vrublová P , Jelínek T , Kořístek Z , Kryukov F , Kryukova E , Hájek R 
Published: March 2017

AimsSome types of monoclonal gammopathies are typified by a very limited availability of aberrant cells. Modern research use high throughput technologies and an integrated approach for detailed characterisation of abnormal cells. This strategy requires relatively high amounts of starting material which cannot be obtained from every diagnosis without causing inconvenience to the patient. The aim of this methodological paper is to reflect our long experience with laboratory work and describe the best protocols for sample collection, sorting and further preprocessing in terms of the available number of cells and intended downstream application in monoclonal gammopathies research. Potential pitfalls are also discussed.MethodsComparison and optimisation of freezing and sorting protocols for plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathies, followed by testing of various nucleic acid isolation and amplification techniques to establish a guideline for sample processing in haemato-oncology research.ResultsWe show the average numbers of aberrant cells that can be obtained from various monoclonal gammopathies (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance/light chain amyloidosis/multiple myeloma (MM)/MM circulating plasma cells/ minimal residual disease MM—10 123/22 846/305 501/68 641/4000 aberrant plasma cells of 48/30/10/16/37×106bone marrow mononuclear cells) and the expected yield of nucleic acids provided from multiple isolation kits (DNA/RNA yield from 1 to 200×103cells was 2.14–427/0.12–123 ng).ConclusionsTested kits for parallel isolation deliver outputs comparable with kits specialised for just one type of molecule. We also present our positive experience with the whole genome amplification method, which can serve as a very powerful tool to gain complex information from a very small cell population.
Prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal infections in men who have sex with men diagnosed with rectal chlamydia infection in the UK: an ‘unlinked anonymous’ cross-sectional study
Authors: Hughes Gwenda , Silalang Panida , Were John , Patel Hemanti , Childs Tristan , Alexander Sarah , Duffell Stephen , Saxon Cara , Ison Cathy , Mitchell Holly , Field Nigel , Jenkins Claire 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionGastrointestinal infections (GII) can cause serious ill health and morbidity. Although primarily transmitted through faecal contamination of food or water, transmission through sexual activity is well described, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsWe investigated the prevalence of GIIs among a convenience sample of MSM who were consecutively diagnosed with rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) at 12 UK genitourinary medicine clinics during 10 weeks in 2012. Residual rectal swabs were coded, anonymised and tested for Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) using a real-time PCR. Results were linked to respective coded and anonymised clinical and demographic data. Associations were investigated using Fisher's exact tests.ResultsOf 444 specimens tested, overall GII prevalence was 8.6% (95% CI 6.3% to 11.6%): 1.8% (0.9% to 3.6%) tested positive for Shigella, 1.8% (0.9% to 3.6%) for Campylobacter and 5.2% (3.5% to 7.7%) for EAEC. No specimens tested positive for Salmonella or other diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotypes. Among those with any GII, 14/30 were asymptomatic (2/7 with Shigella, 3/6 with Campylobacter and 9/17 with EAEC). Shigella prevalence was higher in MSM who were HIV-positive (4.7% (2.1% to 10.2%) vs 0.5%(0.1% to 3.2%) in HIV-negative MSM; p=0.01).ConclusionsIn this small feasibility study, MSM with rectal CT appeared to be at appreciable risk of GII. Asymptomatic carriage may play a role in sexual transmission of GII.
VEGF-A Regulates Cellular Localization of SR-BI as Well as Transendothelial Transport of HDL but Not LDL
Authors: Velagapudi Srividya , Yalcinkaya Mustafa , Piemontese Antonio , Meier Roger , Nørrelykke Simon Flyvbjerg , Perisa Damir , Rzepiela Andrzej , Stebler Michael , Stoma Szymon , Zanoni Paolo , Rohrer Lucia , von Eckardstein Arnold 
Published: March 2017

Objective—
Low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) must pass the endothelial layer to exert pro- and antiatherogenic activities, respectively, within the vascular wall. However, the rate-limiting factors that mediate transendothelial transport of lipoproteins are yet little known. Therefore, we performed a high-throughput screen with kinase drug inhibitors to identify modulators of transendothelial LDL and HDL transport.

Approach and Results—

Microscopy-based high-content screening was performed by incubating human aortic endothelial cells with 141 kinase-inhibiting drugs and fluorescent-labeled LDL or HDL. Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors (VEGFR) significantly decreased the uptake of HDL but not LDL. Silencing of VEGF receptor 2 significantly decreased cellular binding, association, and transendothelial transport of
125
I-HDL but not
125
I-LDL. RNA interference with VEGF receptor 1 or VEGF receptor 3 had no effect. Binding, uptake, and transport of HDL but not LDL were strongly reduced in the absence of VEGF-A from the cell culture medium and were restored by the addition of VEGF-A. The restoring effect of VEGF-A on endothelial binding, uptake, and transport of HDL was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as silencing of scavenger receptor BI. Moreover, the presence of VEGF-A was found to be a prerequisite for the localization of scavenger receptor BI in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells.

Conclusions—
The identification of VEGF as a regulatory factor of transendothelial transport of HDL but not LDL supports the concept that the endothelium is a specific and, hence, druggable barrier for the entry of lipoproteins into the vascular wall.
ESTUDO DA ESTRUTURA COGNITIVA DOS ALUNOS DOS 9.º (14-15 ANOS DE IDADE) E 12.º ANOS (17-18 ANOS DE IDADE) DE ESCOLARIDADE SOBRE O CONCEITO DE PROBABILIDADE: O CONTRIBUTO DAS TEORIAS DOS CONCEITOS NUCLEARES E DOS CONCEITOS THRESHOLD
Authors: Almeida Cesário , Casas García Luis , Luengo González Ricardo 
Published: March 2017

Con base en las Teorías de los Conceptos Nucleares y de los Conceptos Threshold, se pretende, con este artículo, presentar los resultados obtenidos sobre la estructura cognitiva, referida a la noción de Probabilidad, de alumnos de 9º (14-15 años de edad) y 12º (17-18 años de edad) curso de escolaridad, en Portugal. Tras ser impartida la enseñanza sobre este tema, en primer lugar fueron encuestados 344 alumnos y en un segundo momento 325. Los datos recogidos, de las Redes Asociativas Pathfinder (PFNET), permitieron identificar los conceptos que asumen un mayor relieve, su correspondiente organización y la relación entre las Teorías de los Conceptos Nucleares y de los Conceptos Threshold. Los resultados muestran que ambas teorías constituyen una destacada herramienta didáctica para la organización de la práctica docente y un referente pedagógico importante en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Probabilidad.
Conglomerate Industry Choice and Product Language
Authors: Hoberg Gerard , Phillips Gordon 
Published: March 2017

We analyze the words that firms use to describe their products so we can examine the determinants of which industries conglomerate firms operate within. Our central finding is that multiple-industry firms operate across industries with higher product language overlap. Multiple-industry firms also avoid industries with more distinct language boundaries and those with more specialized within-industry language. We also find evidence linking these results to specific synergies such as potential entry into new markets and realized synergies in the form of higher 10-K product description growth. These findings are consistent with multiple-product firms operating primarily in industries that lack language specialization. Our findings show that most conglomerates are not true diversified conglomerates with little overlap in their lines of business, as most firms that operate across multiple industries choose industries with high language overlap and potential synergies. Our results support theories of firm organization and organizational language. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2693 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Antioxidant enzymes in canine mammary tumors
Authors: Andreani Giulia , Avallone Giancarlo , Ferlizza Enea , Isani Gloria 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Spontaneous mammary tumors are very common in bitches. The involvement of oxidative stress and the function of antioxidant enzymes in cancerogenesis have been studied in depth in human medicine, while data in veterinary medicine are still fragmentary. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and the expression of superoxide dismutases (Cu-ZnSOD and MnSOD) and the activity of catalase (CAT) in canine mammary tumors in comparison with the adjacent healthy tissue. Six female dogs (mean age 10.4 years) were included in this study. After surgery, fresh tumor and healthy tissue samples were immediately frozen in dry ice and stored at −80°C for biochemical analyses, while the remaining parts were used for histopathological analysis. Enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometric assays and protein expression by western blotting. In canine mammary tumors, Cu-ZnSOD activity and expression increased significantly compared with healthy control tissues (p=0.03). MnSOD showed a significantly lower activity in tumoral tissues at stage 2 (p<0.05), while a significant increase of expression was measured in tumors. CAT activity was significantly higher in healthy tissues respect to tumors (p=0.015). These variations of antioxidant enzymes activities and expression could be related to an increase of oxidative stress in breast cancer tissues and could be considered as biomarker candidates for neoplastic transformation.
Psychometric Development of Chemotherapy Side Effects Fear Scale
Authors: Vasić Ivana , Janković Slobodan , Jelić Marija 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Anxiety, depression and fear in general are the most common emotional problems in people with cancer and it is necessary to recognize them. The patients’ attitude towards the side effects of chemotherapy has changed significantly in recent years and psychological effects, rather than physiological ones, are becoming increasingly important.
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable questionnaire that can measure cancer patients’ fear of the chemotherapy side effects (CheSeFS).
A cross-sectional observational study involved 208 oncology and haematology patients at the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia and the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, while the external reliability was calculated by the split-half method with approximately the same number of respondents. In order to test the construct validity of the CheSeFS, all participants filled out the Scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 (DASS-21) and the Short Subjective Well-being Scale (SSWS), validated in Serbian language.
Cronbach’s α coefficient reveals strong internal consistency, with a value of 0.922. The questionnaire demonstrated good structure and uniformity when randomly split into two parts. Exploratory component analysis revealed two factors with the same number of items that explain 61.691% of variance. The components are objective physiological effects of the treatment, and factor that depends on the patient’s psychological and sociological status, with approximately the same percentage of variance. The CheSeFS was positively correlated with the DASS-21 scale (ϱ = 0.595, p = 0.000).
CheSeFS is a unique, reliable and valid two-factor 14-item instrument, a clinically useful tool to assess fear of the chemotherapy side effects in cancer patients.
New Thoughts on the Prospects of Petroleum Potential in the Eger Rift (Czech Republic)
Authors: Sidorová Marina , Cizek Pavel , Galant Yuri , Pinka Ján 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The present paper highlights the problem related to the source of hydrocarbons in the Eger Rift in Czech Republic. The authors discuss the existence of polygenetic deep sources of hydrocarbons. The investigations are based on direct indicators of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (abbr. PAHs). Among the diverse components of PAHs has been recognized typomorphic oil association – videlicet: phenanthrene, chrysene, pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene. On the basis of new geochemical, geological and mathematical data the oil and gas potential of Eger Rift is also discussed.
MRS2016: Rigid Moon Rotation Series in the Relativistic Approximation
Authors: Pashkevich V.V. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The rigid Moon rotation problem is studied for the relativistic (kinematical) case, in which the geodetic perturbations in the Moon rotation are taken into account. As the result of this research the high-precision Moon Rotation Series MRS2016 in the relativistic approximation was constructed for the first time and the discrepancies between the high-precision numerical and the semi-analytical solutions of the rigid Moon rotation were investigated with respect to the fixed ecliptic of epoch J2000, by the numerical and analytical methods. The residuals between the numerical solution and MRS2016 in the perturbing terms of the physical librations do not exceed 80 mas and 10 arc seconds over 2000 and 6000 years, respectively.
Hemangioma of the uvula: the most frequent vascular tumor with a rare localization - Case report with literature review
Authors: Maiorean Alexandra , Aschie Mariana , Mitroi Anca , Cozaru Georgeta Camelia , Poinareanu I. , Baltatescu Gabriela Izabela 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Hemangioma is the most common tumor of the vascular origin, benign, frequently observed in children, and with preference for head and neck, but rarely having a uvular origin. In this organ, it presents potential risk of local trauma, hemorrhage and it may produce great discomfort for the patient. In this article we present the cases of two patients (34 year-old and 44-year old) with uvular hemangiomas; patient 1 was admitted for dysphagia, salivation and choking and patient 2 was admitted for the swelling of the uvula, dysphagia, salivation and difficulty in speaking. They both presented a history of this symptoms, with acute episodes of dysphagia. They did not report bleeding, pain or fever. Hemangiomas were histopathologically confirmed, thus raising the awareness that hemangiomas are included in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents an elongated, swollen uvula or uvular masses.
Differential diagnosis between occupational chronic intoxication with organic solvents and ethanol abuse by biological markers. Case report and literature review
Authors: Rascu Agripina , Naghi Eugenia , Arghir Oana Cristina , Moise Laura , Otelea Marina 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Given the occupational exposure to substances contained in petroleum heated to high temperature, cholestatic liver disease, neurological signs and symptoms can occur. We present a case report of a male patient with no tobacco exposure or alcohol use, but with prolonged occupational exposure to petroleum vapours and natural gases like methane, propane butane who developed liver and neurologic disease, in the absence of protective equipment. Delayed diagnosis was established after 9 years of the first symptoms occurrence. Differential diagnosis with alcoholic etiology was considered and biological biomarkers were useful.
Schizencephaly Associated with Polymicrogirya – Cause for Late-Onset Epileptic Seizures in Adult. A Case Report.
Authors: Lungu Mihaela , Romila Aurelia , Hangan L.T. , Caraban B.M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The article presents the case of a 61-year old female patient, with no history of neurological illness, who presents a rapid onset of two convulsive seizures, triggered by a psychological trauma. The first convulsive seizure is repeated within 24 hours.
The general, as well as the neurological clinical examination have not found any pathological signs. MRI scanning of the brain pointed to right-parietal schizencephaly, associated with polymicrogyria, the believed causes of the epileptic seizures.
Tropical Diseases Nephropathy - An Underemphasized Comorbidity
Authors: Aggarwal H.K. , Jain D. , Chhabra P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe tropical areas are a home to a number of diseases because of the hot & humid climate, and lack of health care facilities. Tropical Nephropathies are a major health problem and a matter of great concern. The main causes of kidney injury in tropics are due to bacterial, viral or parasitic infections like malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, acute gastroenteritis, tuberculosis, leprosy and toxic envenomations like snake bite. Renal injury associated with tropical infections has a wide spectrum of presentations ranging from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. Renal involvement in infectious diseases by one or other mechanism is a definite cause of increased morbidity and mortality. Proper understanding of these diseases, early diagnosis, patient education and improved health care facilities will lead to a better outcome and improved survival. This article reviews the various tropical infections causing kidney injury including pathophysiology and line of management.
The Role of Eosinophilic Cationic Proteins, Total IgE and Eosinophilia in Children with Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Ungureanu Adina , Frecus Corina Elena 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Bronchial hyperreactivity (HRB), is defined as an excessive bronchial constriction that acts as an exaggerated bronchoconstrictor of the airways. This occurs as a secondary action of a nonspecific stimuli.
Taking as a starting point asthmatic patient, as the patient responds by bronchoconstriction action of various stimuli, the concept of bronchial hyperractivity gradually began to take shape. Bronchial hyperractivity (HRB) can be considered a major, heterogeneous phenomenon, depending on several conditions, in term of etiology and which gathers the features of a genuine syndrome if we consider the complexity of the mechanisms which produce and countless clinical implications.