bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do people trust dentists? Development of the Dentist Trust Scale
Authors: Armfield JM , Ketting M , Chrisopoulos S , Baker SR 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to adapt a measure of trust in physicians to trust in dentists and to assess the reliability and validity of the measure.MethodsQuestionnaire data were collected from a simple random sample of 596 Australian adults. The 11‐item General Trust in Physicians Scale was modified to apply to dentists.ResultsThe Dentist Trust Scale (DTS) had good internal consistency (α = 0.92) and exploratory factor analysis revealed a single‐factor solution. Lower DTS scores were associated with less trust in the dentist last visited, having previously changed dentists due to unhappiness with the care received, currently having dental pain, usual visiting frequency, dental avoidance, and with past experiences of discomfort, gagging, fainting, embarrassment and personal problems with the dentist.ConclusionsThe majority of people appear to exhibit trust in dentists. The DTS shows promising reliability and validity evidence.
Outcomes of women diagnosed and treated for low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at the Queensland Trophoblast Centre (QTC)
Authors: Verhoef Lisanne , Baartz David , Morrison Shona , Sanday Karen , Garrett Andrea Janet 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundGestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is classified as a highly curable group of pregnancy‐related malignancies; however, approximately 15% will be persistent and require chemotherapy. Up to 25% of these women will develop resistance and 2% will develop disease relapse after initial chemotherapy. Despite the need for further chemotherapy in these women, cure rates are high.ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of women diagnosed with low‐risk GTN, assessing the type of treatment, the number of chemotherapy cycles received, development of resistance or disease relapse, survival, and to assess the feasibility of changing to a new drug regimen.MethodsFrom March 2012 until February 2015, a retrospective study was conducted and 38 cases with low‐risk GTN were reviewed. The number of cycles, type of treatment received, duration of treatment, development of resistance and disease relapse, and adverse side effects were analysed.ResultsThe median duration of follow‐up was 12 months. Disease‐free survival was 100% and primary complete remission rates were achieved in 85.3% of patients who were treated with actinomycin D and 25% patients who were treated with methotrexate (MTX). A change in chemotherapy was required for nine patients. One patient developed disease relapse. Nausea, fatigue and constipation were the most frequent adverse events reported with actinomycin D. All women were cured of their disease.ConclusionAll women were successfully treated and achieved complete remission. Changing from MTX to actinomycin D as first‐line chemotherapy for women with low‐risk GTN was feasible and safe.
Natural tolerance development in cow's milk allergic children: IgE and IgG4 epitope binding
Authors: Caubet J. C. , Lin J. , Ahrens B. , Gimenez G. , Bardina L. , Niggemann B. , Sampson H. A. , Beyer K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough most of cow's milk (CM) allergic children will outgrow their allergy, the pathomechanism of the natural development of tolerance remains poorly understood. It has been suggested that the balance between milk‐specific IgE and IgG4 plays a major role.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate differences in IgE and IgG4 antibody binding to CM epitopes between patients with persistent CM allergy (CMA) and those that naturally became tolerant.MethodsSera from 35 children with proven CMA (median age at inclusion of 10 months) were analyzed retrospectively; 22 patients have become tolerant (median age at tolerance acquisition of 51 months) during the study period as confirmed by a negative oral food challenge. IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes derived from five major CM proteins were measured with a peptide microarray‐based immunoassay.ResultsAt baselines, greater intensity and broader diversity of IgE and IgG4 binding have been found in children with persistent CMA beyond 5 years of age compared to patients with transient CMA. Moreover, children with transient CMA had IgE and IgG4 antibodies that more often recognized the same epitopes, compared to those with persistent CMA. From baseline to the time of tolerance development, both IgE and IgG4 binding intensity decreased significantly, particularly in areas of α‐s‐ and β‐casein (P<.01, false discovery rate [FDR]<.1). Interestingly, differences between IgE and IgG4 binding intensity to CM peptides decreased when the patients became tolerant.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the overlap between IgE and IgG4 might be important in natural tolerance acquisition. Further studies are needed to confirm our data and can eventually lead to development of more targeted treatment of food allergy.
Population‐based study shows that teenage girls with asthma had impaired health‐related quality of life
Authors: Hedman Linnea , Stridsman Caroline , Andersson Martin , Backman Helena , Jansson Sven‐Arne , Rönmark Eva 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThis study examined the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of teenagers with and without asthma, including the impact of their sex, allergic conditions, smoking, living conditions and physical activity.MethodsThe Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies recruited a cohort of schoolchildren in 2006. The parents of all children aged seven to eight years in three municipalities were invited to complete a questionnaire and 2585 (96%) participated. The cohort was followed up at the ages of 11–12 years and 14–15 years with high participation rates. At 14–15 years, the HRQoL questionnaire KIDSCREEN‐10 and Asthma Control Test were added.ResultsGirls with current asthma at 14–15 years had a lower mean HRQoL score than girls without asthma (46.4 versus 49.3, p < 0.001), but this was not seen among boys (53.8 versus 52.8, p = 0.373). Poor HRQoL was related to current asthma, uncontrolled asthma and teenage onset of asthma. It was also related to eczema, living in a single‐parent household, maternal smoking, daily smoking and inversely related to physical activity.ConclusionTeenage girls with asthma had lower HRQoL than girls without asthma. Possible interventions to improve HRQoL among teenagers with asthma were identified as follows: increasing asthma control, preventing smoking and promoting physical activity.
Disseminated peripheral neuroblastoma in a Rhodesian Ridgeback dog
Authors: Cook RW , Abraham LA , McCowan CI 
Published: March 2017

Case reportA 4‐year‐old neutered male Rhodesian Ridgeback dog with right‐sided Horner's syndrome, bilateral laryngeal paralysis, neck pain and bilateral hindlimb ataxia was euthanased following deterioration of its neurological status. Necropsy examination revealed an off‐white retropharyngeal neoplastic mass (100 × 30 × 30 mm) attached to the base of the skull on the right side and macroscopic nodular metastases in the spleen and three vertebral bodies (C6, C7 and T6), including a nodule attached to the dura at C7. Histological evidence of neuroblastic tumour was detected in these macroscopic lesions, a regional lymph node, bone marrow of a femur and all 15 vertebral bodies (C1–T8) examined, including the three with macroscopic metastases, and in the lumens of small blood vessels in the lungs and liver. Ganglion cell differentiation was detected only in the primary retropharyngeal mass, one splenic nodule and the C7 dural nodule. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to neurofilament protein (ganglion cells only), vimentin and synaptophysin, and were negative for S100 protein, GFAP, CD3 and Pax5.ConclusionThe diagnosis was disseminated peripheral neuroblastoma, differentiating subtype (International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification), with likely primary involvement of the right cranial cervical ganglion. This appears to be the first report of neuroblastoma in a dog with widespread occult haematogenous metastasis to bone marrow.
Reduced Th22 cell proportion and prevention of atopic dermatitis in infants following maternal probiotic supplementation
Authors: Rø A. D. B. , Simpson M. R. , Rø T. B. , Storrø O. , Johnsen R. , Videm V. , Øien T. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundIn the randomized, controlled study Probiotics in the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (ProPACT), maternal probiotic supplementation reduced the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the offspring. In the current study, we hypothesized that the effect was mediated by a shift in the T helper (Th) cells in the children.ObjectiveTo examine whether Th cell proportions were affected by maternal probiotic supplementation and thus could mediate the preventive effect of probiotics on AD.MethodsA total of 415 pregnant women were randomized to ingest a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb‐12 (Bb‐12) and Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 (La‐5) or placebo, and their offspring were assessed for AD during the first 2 years of life. Peripheral blood collected at 3 months of age was analysed for regulatory T cells (n=140) and Th subsets (n=77) including Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22.ResultsThe proportion of Th22 cells was reduced in children in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (median 0.038% vs 0.064%, P=.009). The difference between the probiotic and placebo groups was also observed in the children who did not develop AD during the 2‐year follow‐up. The proportion of Th22 cells was increased in children who developed AD compared to the children who did not develop AD (0.090% vs 0.044%, P<.001). Mediation analysis indicated that the preventive effect of probiotics was partially mediated through the reduction in Th22 cells.ConclusionPerinatal maternal probiotic supplementation with a combination of LGG, Bb‐12 and La‐5 reduced the proportion of Th22 cells in 3‐month‐old children. This may partially explain the preventive effect of probiotics on AD.
Soft, small, malleable, and slow: Corporeal form and movement in social workers' and police officers' talk about practice in a Multi‐Agency Safeguarding Hub
Authors: Jeyasingham Dharman 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChild and family social workers in Britain are increasingly working in multidisciplinary settings such as Multi‐Agency Safeguarding Hubs (MASHs). This article uses discourse analysis techniques to examine data from an ethnographic study of children's social workers and police officers working together in a MASH, considering the corporeal forms and movements that practitioners evoked in their talk about practice. Social workers used metaphors of slow movements and soft, small, and malleable bodies, in contrast to the fast movements and firm trajectories alluded to in police officers' talk.The paper draws on this analysis to identify differences in social workers' and police officers' forms of knowledge and ways of valuing practice implicit in their accounts of good practice. It contributes to recent discussions of space, mobility, and embodiment in social work literature and shows how discursive analyses can add to the developing knowledge about these matters. The paper suggests that evaluations of multiagency settings such as MASHs should attend to practitioners' distinctive forms of knowledge and imagination.
Dapagliflozin once daily plus exenatide once weekly in obese adults without diabetes: Sustained reductions in body weight, glycaemia and blood pressure over 1 year
Authors: Lundkvist Per , Pereira Maria J. , Katsogiannos Petros , Sjöström C. David , Johnsson Eva , Eriksson Jan W. 
Published: March 2017

AimsDapagliflozin and exenatide reduce body weight by differing mechanisms. Dual therapy with these agents reduces body weight, adipose tissue volume, glycaemia and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over 24 weeks. Here, we examined these effects over 1 year in obese adults without diabetes.Materials and methodsObese adults without diabetes (N = 50; aged 18‐70 years; body mass index, 30‐45 kg/m2) were initially randomized to double‐blind oral dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily plus subcutaneous long‐acting exenatide 2 mg once weekly or to placebo. They entered an open‐label extension from 24 to 52 weeks during which all participants received active treatment.ResultsOf the original 25 dapagliflozin + exenatide‐treated and 25 placebo‐treated participants, respectively, 21 (84%) and 17 (68%) entered the open‐label period and 16 (64%) and 17 (68%) completed 52 weeks of treatment. At baseline, mean body weight was 104.6 kg, and 73.5% of participants had prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance). Reductions with dapagliflozin + exenatide at 24 weeks were sustained at 52 weeks, respectively, for body weight (−4.5 and −5.7 kg), total adipose tissue volume (−3.8 and −5.3 L), proportion with prediabetes (34.8% and 35.3%), and SBP (−9.8 and −12.0 mm Hg). Effects on body weight, SBP and glycaemia at 52 weeks with placebo → dapagliflozin + exenatide were similar to those observed with continuation of dapagliflozin + exenatide. Nausea and injection‐site reactions were more frequent with dapagliflozin + exenatide than with placebo and diminished over time. Safety and tolerability were similar to that in previous diabetes trials with these agents. No clear difference in adverse event‐related withdrawals between placebo and active treatment periods was observed.ConclusionsDapagliflozin + exenatide dual therapy produced sustained reductions in body weight, prediabetes and SBP over 52 weeks and was well tolerated in obese adults without diabetes.
Surgical site infection after occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a thrombectomy catheter: Five cases
Authors: Jennings A. , Lepage O. , Mair T. , Sherlock C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAlthough rare, guttural pouch mycosis is a potentially life‐threatening disease in the horse. The disease is most commonly treated surgically. One surgical option is occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a combination of ligation and use of a balloon tipped venous thrombectomy catheter. Complications of such treatment are rarely reported. This case series of five individuals describes the appearance, diagnosis and management of medium (>2 weeks) and long‐term (>10 years) complications (including abscess formation, draining sinuses and wound dehiscence) of internal carotid artery occlusion with a venous thrombectomy catheter and management of these surgical site infections. The clinical presentations included swelling and/or discharging tracts in the parotid region. In one horse, an osseous reaction of the basisphenoid bone and penetration of the contralateral guttural pouch by the implant were identified by computed tomography. In all five horses, the surgical site infections were successfully resolved following removal of the venous thrombectomy catheter.
The fisheries livelihoods resilience check (FLIREScheck): A tool for evaluating resilience in fisher communities
Authors: Stanford Richard J. , Wiryawan Budy , Bengen Dietriech G. , Febriamansyah Rudi , Haluan John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries are important for the livelihoods of millions but are vulnerable to global and local stresses. Resilient households are able to maintain, and even grow their livelihoods, despite these stresses. Improving fishers’ resilience contributes to poverty prevention and alleviation. Effective intervention requires accurate evaluation of fisher resilience, but no quantitative tool currently exists. In this study, we propose the fisheries livelihoods resilience check (FLIREScheck) as a widely applicable tool to evaluate fisher livelihood resilience. This new tool combines the principles of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach with the methodology ofRAPFISH(a rapid assessment of fisheries sustainability). For theFLIREScheck, 43 attributes were designed to quantify previously described qualitative factors that enable or constrain livelihoods in fishing communities in West Sumatra, Indonesia. These were grouped into six “capital” fields (financial, human, natural, institutional, physical and social) used in the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach.RAPFISHmultidimensional scaling was applied to evaluate resilience in each of these fields on a scale from good (resilient) to bad (vulnerable). TheFLIREScheck was tested in two fishing communities in West Sumatra. The tool identified strengths and weaknesses in livelihood resilience at a household, fishing gear and village scale, for each field. TheFLIRESassessment compared well with qualitative descriptions as assessed by interview. It facilitates quantitative temporal and spatial comparisons of livelihood resilience which has not previously been possible. We invite further testing, refining of the attributes and wider application of this methodology.
Influence of oceanographic conditions on abundance and distribution of post‐larval and juvenile carangid fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Mohan John A. , Sutton Tracey T. , Cook April B. , Boswell Kevin M. , David Wells R. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRelationships between abundance of post‐larval and juvenile carangid (jacks) fishes and physical oceanographic conditions were examined in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) in 2011 with high freshwater input from the Mississippi River. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to explore complex relationships between carangid abundance and physical oceanographic data of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and salinity. The five most abundant carangid species collected were: Selene setapinnis (34%); Caranx crysos (30%); Caranx hippos (10%); Chloroscombrus chrysurus (9%) and Trachurus lathami (8%). Post‐larval carangids (median standard length [SL] = 10 mm) were less abundant during the spring and early summer, but more abundant during the late summer and fall, suggesting summer to fall spawning for most species. Juvenile carangid (median SL = 23 mm) abundance also increased between the mid‐summer and early fall. Most species showed increased abundance at lower salinities and higher temperatures, suggesting entrainment of post‐larval fishes or feeding aggregations of juveniles at frontal convergence zones between the expansive river plume and dynamic mesoscale eddy water masses. However, responses were species‐ and life‐stage specific, which may indicate fine‐scale habitat partitioning between species. Ordination methods also revealed higher carangid abundances at lower salinities for both post‐larval and juvenile life stages, with species‐ and life‐stage specific responses to SST and SSHA, further suggesting habitat separation between species. Results indicate strong links between physical oceanographic features and carangid distributions in the dynamic northern GoM.
Loss of predator species, not intermediate consumers, triggers rapid and dramatic extinction cascades
Authors: Donohue Ian , Petchey Owen L. , Kéfi Sonia , Génin Alexandre , Jackson Andrew L. , Yang Qiang , O'Connor Nessa E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEcological networks are tightly interconnected, such that loss of a single species can trigger additional species extinctions. Theory predicts that such secondary extinctions are driven primarily by loss of species from intermediate or basal trophic levels. In contrast, most cases of secondary extinctions from natural systems have been attributed to loss of entire top trophic levels. Here, we show that loss of single predator species in isolation can, irrespective of their identity or the presence of other predators, trigger rapid secondary extinction cascades in natural communities far exceeding those generally predicted by theory. In contrast, we did not find any secondary extinctions caused by intermediate consumer loss. A food web model of our experimental system—a marine rocky shore community—could reproduce these results only when biologically likely and plausible nontrophic interactions, based on competition for space and predator‐avoidance behaviour, were included. These findings call for a reassessment of the scale and nature of extinction cascades, particularly the inclusion of nontrophic interactions, in forecasts of the future of biodiversity.
Sensory and physical quality characteristics of bread fortified with apple pomace using fuzzy mathematical model
Authors: Lu Qian , Liu Hui , Wang Qin , Liu Jianliang 
Published: March 2017

SummaryApple pomace, after different processing procedures, was added into wheat flour in bread production to improve the dietary fibre content of breads. A fuzzy mathematical model was used in the sensory assessment of bread to improve the reliability of final conclusion. The addition of both apple pomace (AP) and skimmed apple pomace (SAP) reduced the extensibility and improved the resistance of wheat dough compared to the control sample. Wheat dough fortified with apple pomace of differing particle sizes did not have significant effects on either farinograph properties or extensograph properties. Sensory assessment of bread based on fuzzy mathematical model indicated that optimum concentration of apple pomace, both AP and SAP, added into wheat dough was 3%. Such results may be of importance when considering the use of apple pomace in bread production so as to enhance the dietary fibre intake, and also improve the sensory properties of bread.
Brewing with prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger : the impact of enzymatic treatment on gluten levels, quality attributes and sensory profile
Authors: Di Ghionno Lidia , Marconi Ombretta , Sileoni Valeria , De Francesco Giovanni , Perretti Giuseppe 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBeer is considered unsafe for those affected by coeliac disease because it is traditionally made by gluten‐containing raw materials. During the stabilisation phase, the addition of processing aids leads to a gluten reduction, because the haze‐forming activity of a protein in beer depends greatly on proline‐rich barley hordeins. Prolyl endopeptidase (PE) is commonly used as a stabiliser in the brewing industry. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of treatment with PE on gluten level, quality attributes and sensory profile of three different styles of barley/wheat malt beer. The addition of PE lowered the content of gluten below the ELISA kit LOQ (<10 mg kg−1). The foam stability was decreased by addition of PE, reaching values greater than 220 s. Some volatile compounds changed significantly, but panellists found no significant differences between treated and untreated beer in both description analysis and triangle test performed. Furthermore, treatment with PE reduces turbidity by hydrolysing the haze precursors, thereby improving beer stability.