bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senti‐CS: Building a lexical resource for sentiment analysis using subjective feature selection and normalized Chi‐Square‐based feature weight generation
Authors: Khan Farhan Hassan , Qamar Usman , Bashir Saba 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSentiment analysis involves the detection of sentiment content of text using natural language processing. Natural language processing is a very challenging task due to syntactic ambiguities, named entity recognition, use of slangs, jargons, sarcasm, abbreviations and contextual sensitivity. Sentiment analysis can be performed using supervised as well as unsupervised approaches. As the amount of data grows, unsupervised approaches become vital as they cut down on the learning time and the requirements for availability of a labelled dataset. Sentiment lexicons provide an easy application of unsupervised algorithms for text classification. SentiWordNet is a lexical resource widely employed by many researchers for sentiment analysis and polarity classification. However, the reported performance levels need improvement. The proposed research is focused on raising the performance of SentiWordNet3.0 by using it as a labelled corpus to build another sentiment lexicon, named Senti‐CS. The part of speech information, usage based ranks and sentiment scores are used to calculate Chi‐Square‐based feature weight for each unique subjective term/part‐of‐speech pair extracted from SentiWordNet3.0. This weight is then normalized in a range of −1 to +1 using min–max normalization. Senti‐CS based sentiment analysis framework is presented and applied on a large dataset of 50000 movie reviews. These results are then compared with baseline SentiWordNet, Mutual Information and Information Gain techniques. State of the art comparison is performed for the Cornell movie review dataset. The analyses of results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms state‐of‐the‐art classifiers.
Chromium isotopic composition of core‐top planktonic foraminifera
Authors: Wang X. L. , Planavsky N. J. , Hull P. M. , Tripati A. E. , Zou H. J. , Elder L. , Henehan M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe chromium isotope system (53Cr/52Cr expressed as δ53Cr relative to NIST SRM 979) is potentially a powerful proxy for the redox state of the ocean–atmosphere system, but a lack of temporally continuous, well‐calibrated archives has limited its application to date. Marine carbonates could potentially serve as a common and continuous Cr isotope archive. Here, we present the first evaluation of planktonic foraminiferal calcite as an archive of seawater δ53Cr. We show that single foraminiferal species from globally distributed core tops yielded variable δ53Cr, ranging from 0.1‰ to 2.5‰. These values do not match with the existing measurements of seawater δ53Cr. Further, within a single core‐top, species with similar water column distributions (i.e., depth habitats) yielded variable δ53Cr values. In addition, mixed layer and thermocline species do not consistently exhibit decreasing trends in δ53Cr as expected based on current understanding of Cr cycling in the ocean. These observations suggest that either seawater δ53Cr is more heterogeneous than previously thought or that there is significant and species‐dependent Cr isotope fractionation during foraminiferal calcification. Given that the δ53Cr variability is comparable to that observed in geological samples throughout Earth's history, interpreting planktonic foraminiferal δ53Cr without calibrating modern foraminifera further, and without additional seawater measurements, would lead to erroneous conclusions. Our core‐top survey clearly indicates that planktonic foraminifera are not a straightforward δ53Cr archive and should not be used to study marine redox evolution without additional study. It likewise cautions against the use of δ53Cr in bulk carbonate or other biogenic archives pending further work on vital effects and the geographic heterogeneity of the Cr isotope composition of seawater.
Hydrological regulation drives regime shifts: evidence from paleolimnology and ecosystem modeling of a large shallow Chinese lake
Authors: Kong Xiangzhen , He Qishuang , Yang Bin , He Wei , Xu Fuliu , Janssen Annette B. G. , Kuiper Jan J. , van Gerven Luuk P. A. , Qin Ning , Jiang Yujiao , Liu Wenxiu , Yang Chen , Bai Zelin , Zhang Min , Kong Fanxiang , Janse Jan H. , Mooij Wolf M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractQuantitative evidence of sudden shifts in ecological structure and function in large shallow lakes is rare, even though they provide essential benefits to society. Such ‘regime shifts’ can be driven by human activities which degrade ecological stability including water level control (WLC) and nutrient loading. Interactions between WLC and nutrient loading on the long‐term dynamics of shallow lake ecosystems are, however, often overlooked and largely underestimated, which has hampered the effectiveness of lake management. Here, we focus on a large shallow lake (Lake Chaohu) located in one of the most densely populated areas in China, the lower Yangtze River floodplain, which has undergone both WLC and increasing nutrient loading over the last several decades. We applied a novel methodology that combines consistent evidence from both paleolimnological records and ecosystem modeling to overcome the hurdle of data insufficiency and to unravel the drivers and underlying mechanisms in ecosystem dynamics. We identified the occurrence of two regime shifts: one in 1963, characterized by the abrupt disappearance of submerged vegetation, and another around 1980, with strong algal blooms being observed thereafter. Using model scenarios, we further disentangled the roles of WLC and nutrient loading, showing that the 1963 shift was predominantly triggered by WLC, whereas the shift ca. 1980 was attributed to aggravated nutrient loading. Our analysis also shows interactions between these two stressors. Compared to the dynamics driven by nutrient loading alone, WLC reduced the critical P loading and resulted in earlier disappearance of submerged vegetation and emergence of algal blooms by approximately 26 and 10 years, respectively. Overall, our study reveals the significant role of hydrological regulation in driving shallow lake ecosystem dynamics, and it highlights the urgency of using multi‐objective management criteria that includes ecological sustainability perspectives when implementing hydrological regulation for aquatic ecosystems around the globe.
Foreword: Special Issue in Honor of Reinhard Selten’s 85th Birthday
Authors: Keser Claudia , Gaudeul Alexia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We summarize the career of Reinhard Selten, who received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994. We underline his contributions to several domains of the theory of games, to the study of bounded rationality and to the methodology of experimental economics. We finally present the papers in this special issue in honor of his 85th birthday.
Identifying and integrating patient and caregiver perspectives for clinical practice guidelines on the screening and management of infectious microorganisms in hemodialysis units
Authors: Miller Hilary M. , Tong Allison , Tunnicliffe David J. , Campbell Denise , Pinter Jule , Commons Robert J. , Athan Eugene , Craig Jonathan C. , Gilroy Nicole , Green Julianne , Henderson Belinda , Howell Martin , Stuart Rhonda L. , van Eps Carolyn , Wong Muh Geot , de Zoysa Janak , Jardine Meg J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction: The integration of patient and caregiver input into guideline development can help to ensure that clinical care addresses patient expectations, priorities, and needs. We aimed to identify topics and outcomes salient to patients and caregivers for inclusion in the Kidney Health Australia Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment (KHA‐CARI) clinical practice guideline on the screening and management of infectious microorganisms in hemodialysis units.Methods: A facilitated workshop was conducted with 11 participants (patients [n = 8], caregivers [n = 3]). Participants identified and discussed potential topics for inclusion in the guidelines, which were compared to those developed by the guideline working group. The workshop transcript was thematically analyzed to identify and describe the reasons underpinning their priorities.Findings: Patients and caregivers identified a range of topics already covered by the scope of the proposed guidelines and also suggested additional topics: privacy and confidentiality, psychosocial care during/after disease notification, quality of transportation, psychosocial treatment of patients in isolation, patient/caregiver education and engagement, and patient advocacy. Five themes characterized discussion and underpinned their choices: shock and vulnerability, burden of isolation, fear of infection, respect for privacy and confidentiality, and confusion over procedural inconsistencies.Discussion: Patients and caregivers emphasized the need for guidelines to address patient education and engagement, and the psychosocial implications of communication and provision of care in the context of infectious microorganisms in hemodialysis units. Integrating patient and caregiver perspectives can help to improve the relevance of guidelines to enhance quality of care, patient experiences, and health and psychosocial outcomes.
Imiquimod in dermatology: an overview
Authors: Hanna Edith , Abadi Rami , Abbas Ossama 
Published: July 2016

AbstractImiquimod is an immune response modifier commercially available as a 3.75 and 5% cream. Topical imiquimod stimulates the innate and adaptive immune responses and induces cytokine production. This allows its use for the treatment of a wide variety of benign and malignant skin conditions due to its potential antiviral, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects. Currently, topical imiquimod is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved for the treatment of anogenital warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial basal cell carcinomas. However, it has also shown a beneficial effect in the treatment of many other skin disorders. In this review, we describe existing evidence on the mechanism of action of topical imiquimod, its FDA‐approved indications, off‐label uses, and side effects.
A smoking cessation programme for current and recent ex‐smokers following diagnosis of a potentially curable cancer
Authors: Ong J. , Plueckhahn I. , Cruickshank D. , Churilov L. , Mileshkin L. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundCancer patients who quit smoking have improved survival rates. The time of diagnosis provides a ‘teachable moment’ when healthcare providers can offer smoking‐cessation treatment.AimsTo assess the impact on quit rates of a tailored smoking‐cessation intervention for patients diagnosed with a potentially curable cancer.MethodsA prospective, one‐arm cohort study of current smokers and recent quitters (<30 days) who had commenced treatment for a potentially curable cancer was performed. Intervention involved an initial motivational interview, regular follow up and pharmacotherapy when appropriate. Quit rates were measured at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months by self‐reported abstinence and biochemical confirmation. The primary end point was prolonged abstinence at 12 months. Changes in quality of life parameters and distress were also assessed.ResultsSeventy‐one patients were recruited, with a median age of 56 years. Forty‐one patients (58%) had a smoking‐related cancer. The prolonged abstinence rate at 12 months was 24% (95% confidence interval 14–36%). Factors associated with successful quitting included being in the preparation or action phase of readiness to change at study entry (P = 0.012) and having complications of treatment requiring hospitalisation (P = 0.024). Between baseline and 12 months, quitters reported improvement in self‐control (P < 0.001) and reduced levels of distress (P = 0.03) compared to non‐quitters.ConclusionPatients who continue to smoke after being diagnosed with cancer require intensive support to quit. An individualised behavioural and pharmacological intervention can be successful in helping patients quit smoking, with quality of life improvements seen amongst successful quitters. Population measures to stop people starting smoking remain essential.
Engagement of distinct epitopes on CD43 induces different co‐stimulatory pathways in human T cells
Authors: Modak Madhura , Majdic Otto , Cejka Petra , Jutz Sabrina , Puck Alexander , Gerwien Jens G. , Steinberger Peter , Zlabinger Gerhard J. , Strobl Herbert , Stöckl Johannes 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCo‐receptors, being either co‐stimulatory or co‐inhibitory, play a pivotal role in T‐cell immunity. Several studies have indicated that CD43, one of the abundant T‐cell surface glycoproteins, acts not only as a potent co‐receptor but also as a negative regulator for T‐cell activation. Here we demonstrate that co‐stimulation of human peripheral blood (PB) T cells through two distinct CD43 epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) CD43‐6E5 (T6E5‐act) and CD43‐10G7 (T10G7‐act) potently induced T‐cell proliferation. However, T‐cell co‐stimulation through two CD43 epitopes differentially regulated activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) transcription factors, T‐cell cytokine production and effector function. T6E5‐act produced high levels of interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) similar to T cells activated via CD28 (TCD28‐act), whereas T10G7‐act produced low levels of inflammatory cytokines but higher levels of regulatory cytokines transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and interleukin‐35 (IL‐35). Compared with T6E5‐act or to TCD28‐act, T10G7‐act performed poorly in response to re‐stimulation and further acquired a T‐cell suppressive function. T10G7‐act did not directly inhibit proliferation of responder T cells, but formed stable heterotypic clusters with dendritic cells (DC) via CD2 to constrain activation of responder T cells. Together, our data demonstrate that CD43 is a unique and polarizing regulator of T‐cell function.
Science of Selection: Social Technologies in the Norwegian Educational and Vocational Fields 1910–1940
Authors: Feiring Marte 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article analyses how applied psychology redefined societies' views on abilities and disabilities during the early twentieth century. It studies the making of this new knowledge as two interrelated processes: first, the experimental laboratory developments of scientific knowledge, and second, the translation of quantitative techniques for measuring intelligence and aptitudes into real‐life situations for political reasons. The two unified processes ‘scientification’ and ‘politicisation’ point to how abilities and aptitudes were redefined due to scientific and political authorities and interests. This article aims to give a critical overview of the international innovations of applied psychology analysed as ‘social technologies’, and how these technologies transformed the Norwegian educational and vocational systems. The main empirical sources are seminal professional and political texts.
Imagination in Action
Authors: Dorstewitz Philipp 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent interest in phenomena of simulation, pretense, and play has given rise to new philosophical debates on the basic structure of human action and action planning. Some philosophers sought to transform Hume's desire‐belief‐action model by sophisticating its basic structure. For example, they introduced “hypothetical world boxes” or imaginary “i‐desires” and “i‐beliefs” into the standard model, in order to account for the representational and motivational structures of imaginary scripts. Others used phenomena of behavior driven by imagination to attempt a more fundamental critique of the Humean tradition. This article aims to show how the pragmatist tradition could be used as a resource in reframing current debates on imagination, pretense, and simulation in the cognitive sciences. This will help determine the role of imagination in intelligent human deliberation.
Abduction by Philosophers: Reorienting Philosophical Methodology
Authors: Andow James 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA reorientation is needed in methodological debate about the role of intuitions in philosophy. Methodological debate has lost sight of the reason why it makes sense to focus on questions about intuitions when thinking about the methods or epistemology of philosophy. The problem is an approach to methodology that focuses almost exclusively on questions about some evidential role that intuitions may or may not play in philosophers’ arguments. A new approach is needed. Approaching methodological questions about the role of intuitions in philosophy with an abductive model of philosophical inquiry in mind will help ensure the debate doesn't lose sight of what motivates the debate.
Freedom and Disability Rights: Dependence, Independence, and Interdependence
Authors: Bostad Inga , Hanisch Halvor 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe increasing focus on disability rights—as found, for instance, in the U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)—challenges philosophical imaginaries. This article broadens the philosophical imaginary of freedom by exploring the relation of dependence, independence, and interdependence in the lives of people with disabilities. It argues (1) that traditional concepts of freedom are rather insensitive to difference within humanity, and (2) that the lives of people with severe disabilities challenge philosophers to argue and conceptualize freedom not only as independence and interdependence but also as dependence. After tracing this need through a Hegelian understanding, via Julia Kristeva's work on disability, and finally the CRPD, it concludes that a unified solution might not be possible. Hence, it argues that disability issues necessitate philosophical modesty.
Leaf‐level photosynthetic capacity in lowland Amazonian and high‐elevation Andean tropical moist forests of Peru
Authors: Bahar Nur H. A. , Ishida F. Yoko , Weerasinghe Lasantha K. , Guerrieri Rossella , O'Sullivan Odhran S. , Bloomfield Keith J. , Asner Gregory P. , Martin Roberta E. , Lloyd Jon , Malhi Yadvinder , Phillips Oliver L. , Meir Patrick , Salinas Norma , Cosio Eric G. , Domingues Tomas F. , Quesada Carlos A. , Sinca Felipe , Escudero Vega Alberto , Zuloaga Ccorimanya Paola P. , del Aguila‐Pasquel Jhon , Quispe Huaypar Katherine , Cuba Torres Israel , Butrón Loayza Rosalbina , Pelaez Tapia Yulina , Huaman Ovalle Judit , Long Benedict M. , Evans John R. , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

We examined whether variations in photosynthetic capacity are linked to variations in the environment and/or associated leaf traits for tropical moist forests (TMFs) in the Andes/western Amazon regions of Peru.

We compared photosynthetic capacity (maximal rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (Vcmax), and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax)), leaf mass, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) per unit leaf area (Ma, Na and Pa, respectively), and chlorophyll from 210 species at 18 field sites along a 3300‐m elevation gradient. Western blots were used to quantify the abundance of the CO2‐fixing enzyme Rubisco.

Area‐ and N‐based rates of photosynthetic capacity at 25°C were higher in upland than lowland TMFs, underpinned by greater investment of N in photosynthesis in high‐elevation trees. Soil [P] and leaf Pa were key explanatory factors for models of area‐based Vcmax and Jmax but did not account for variations in photosynthetic N‐use efficiency. At any given Na and Pa, the fraction of N allocated to photosynthesis was higher in upland than lowland species. For a small subset of lowland TMF trees examined, a substantial fraction of Rubisco was inactive.

These results highlight the importance of soil‐ and leaf‐P in defining the photosynthetic capacity of TMFs, with variations in N allocation and Rubisco activation state further influencing photosynthetic rates and N‐use efficiency of these critically important forests.
Genomewide miRNA profiling of oral lichenoid disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Setién‐Olarra A , Bediaga NG , Acha‐Sagredo A , Marichalar‐Mendia X , de Pancorbo MM , Aguirre‐Urizar JM 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo dissect the aberrant microRNA profile of oral lichenoid disorders (OLD) by analyzing the larger set of OLD samples tested so far.Materials and methodsMicroRNA expression profiles were assessed using TLDA card in 32 samples (16 OLD, 8 OSCC, and 8 control). The findings were validated using RT‐qPCR in an independent cohort of 91 samples.ResultsWe identified 20 differentially expressed microRNAs in OLD, of which several are functionally related to cell proliferation, response to organic substances, or immune processes. Further validation of the top‐ranked microRNAs revealed that they were all aberrantly expressed in OLD.ConclusionWe have identified a new microRNA signature associated with OLD that may provide a meaningful basis for better understanding the physiopathology of the disease. In addition, we validated seven microRNAs whose expression was shown to be higher in OLD tissue in comparison with the control and OSCC tissues.
Stomatal acclimation to vapour pressure deficit doubles transpiration of small tree seedlings with warming
Authors: Marchin Renée M. , Broadhead Alice A. , Bostic Laura E. , Dunn Robert R. , Hoffmann William A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFuture climate change is expected to increase temperature (T) and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in many regions, but the effect of persistent warming on plant stomatal behaviour is highly uncertain. We investigated the effect of experimental warming of 1.9–5.1 °C and increased VPD of 0.5–1.3 kPa on transpiration and stomatal conductance (gs) of tree seedlings in the temperate forest understory (Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA). We observed peaked responses of transpiration to VPD in all seedlings, and the optimum VPD for transpiration (Dopt) shifted proportionally with increasing chamber VPD. Warming increased mean water use of Carya by 140% and Quercus by 150%, but had no significant effect on water use of Acer. Increased water use of ring‐porous species was attributed to (1) higher air T and (2) stomatal acclimation to VPD resulting in higher gs and more sensitive stomata, and thereby less efficient water use. Stomatal acclimation maintained homeostasis of leaf T and carbon gain despite increased VPD, revealing that short‐term stomatal responses to VPD may not be representative of long‐term exposure. Acclimation responses differ from expectations of decreasing gs with increasing VPD and may necessitate revision of current models based on this assumption.
Leaf vein fraction influences the Péclet effect and 18O enrichment in leaf water
Authors: Holloway‐Phillips Meisha , Cernusak Lucas A. , Barbour Margaret , Song Xin , Cheesman Alexander , Munksgaard Niels , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , Farquhar Graham D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe process of evaporation results in the fractionation of water isotopes such that the lighter 16O isotope preferentially escapes the gas phase leaving the heavier 18O isotope to accumulate at the sites of evaporation. This applies to transpiration from a leaf with the degree of fractionation dependent on a number of environmental and physiological factors that are well understood. Nevertheless, the 18O enrichment of bulk leaf water is often less than that predicted for the sites of evaporation. The advection of less enriched water in the transpiration stream has been suggested to limit the back diffusion of enriched evaporative site water (Péclet effect); however, evidence for this effect has been varied. In sampling across a range of species with different vein densities and saturated water contents, we demonstrate the importance of accounting for the relative ‘pool’ sizes of the vascular and mesophyll water for the interpretation of a Péclet effect. Further, we provide strong evidence for a Péclet signal within the xylem that if unaccounted for can lead to confounding of the estimated enrichment within the mesophyll water. This has important implications for understanding variation in the effective path length of the mesophyll and hence potentially the δ18O of organic matter.