bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of febuxostat in Japanese paediatric patients with hyperuricaemia including gout: Phase 2, single arm, open‒label, multicentre studies
Authors: Ito Shuichi , Morita Yo , Nitami Makoto , Iwama Ryutaro , Nakajima Akihiro , Yamanaka Hisashi , Honda Masataka 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat was evaluated in paediatric patients with hyperuricaemia including gout.

Methods
A Phase 2 study of febuxostat in paediatric patients aged 6–18 years with hyperuricaemia including gout was conducted. We evaluated the proportion of patients achieving serum uric acid (sUA) level ≤6.0 mg/dl at Week 26, and long-term safety and efficacy at Week 52. We also considered efficacy stratified by renal function.

Results
Thirty patients (10 at &lt;40 kg and 20 at ≥40 kg) were enrolled. Twenty-four were males, 29 had asymptomatic hyperuricaemia, and 1 had gout. Age was 8 to 18 years. Of these, 63.3% (95% confidence interval 43.9–80.1%) achieved a sUA level of ≤6.0 mg/dl at Week 26. sUA level (mean ± standard deviation) was 5.55 ± 0.87 mg/dl, reduced from 9.01 ± 1.23 mg/dl at baseline. Febuxostat efficacy appeared similar for mild to moderate renal dysfunction and with normal renal function. There were no major safety issues.

Conclusions
In paediatric patients with hyperuricaemia including gout, febuxostat showed long-term, well-controlled urate-lowering efficacy with no major safety issues. Findings suggest that no dose adjustment is required for paediatric patients with mild to moderate renal dysfunction.
Advantage looping: Gene regulatory circuits between microRNAs and their target transcription factors in plants
Authors: Shankar Naveen , Nath Utpal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 20 to 24 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target transcription factors (TF) have emerged as key regulators of diverse processes in plants, including organ development and environmental resilience. In several instances, the mature miRNAs degrade the TF-encoding transcripts, while their protein products in turn bind to the promoters of the respective miRNA-encoding genes and regulate their expression, thus forming feedback loops (FBLs) or feedforward loops (FFLs). Computational analysis suggested that such miRNA–TF loops are recurrent motifs in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in plants as well as animals. In recent years, modeling and experimental studies have suggested that plant miRNA–TF loops in GRNs play critical roles in driving organ development and abiotic stress responses. Here, we discuss the miRNA–TF FBLs and FFLs that have been identified and studied in plants over the past decade. We then provide some insights into the possible roles of such motifs within GRNs. Lastly, we provide perspectives on future directions for dissecting the functions of miRNA-centric GRNs in plants.
A conserved protein family in mirid bug Riptortus pedestris plays dual roles in regulating plant immunity
Authors: Zhou Jiangxuan , Yin Zhiyuan , Shen Danyu , Zhang Qingsong , OYang Yujie , Li Xiaoxi , Ma Yurong , Ding Lanping , Pei Yong , Ai Gan , Dong Yumei , Yang Donglei , Wang Yuanchao , Dou Daolong , Xia Ai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The mirid bug (Riptortus pedestris), a major soybean pest, migrates into soybean fields during the pod filling stage and causes staygreen syndrome, which leads to substantial yield losses. The mechanism by which R. pedestris elicits soybean (Glycine max) defenses and counter-defenses remains largely unexplored. In this study, we characterized a protein family from R. pedestris, designated R.pedestris HAMP 1 (RPH1), and its putative paralogs (RPH1L1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), whose members exhibit dual roles in triggering and inhibiting plant immunity. RPH1 and RPH1L1 function as herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), activating pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and G. max. Furthermore, RPH1 stimulates jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis in G. max, thereby enhancing its resistance to R. pedestris feeding. Additionally, RPH1 homologs are universally conserved across various herbivorous species, with many homologs also acting as HAMPs that trigger plant immunity. Interestingly, the remaining RPH1 putative paralogs (RPH1L2-5) serve as effectors that counteract RPH1-induced PTI, likely by disrupting the extracellular perception of RPH1. This research uncovers a HAMP whose homologs are conserved in both chewing and piercing-sucking insects. Moreover, it unveils an extracellular evasion mechanism utilized by herbivores to circumvent plant immunity using functionally differentiated paralogs.
COBRA-LIKE4 modulates cellulose synthase velocity and facilitates cellulose deposition in the secondary cell wall
Authors: Xue Jan Y , McNair Grant , Watanabe Yoichiro , Kaplen Madison V , Guevara-Rozo Sydne , Schuetz Mathias , Schneider Rene , Mansfield Shawn D , Samuels A Lacey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cellulose is a critical component of secondary cell walls (CWs) and woody tissues of plants. Cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs) produce cellulose as they move within the plasma membrane, extruding glucan chains into the CW that coalesce and often crystallize into cellulose fibrils. Here we examine COBRA-LIKE4 (COBL4), a GPI-anchored protein on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane that is required for normal cellulose deposition in secondary CWs. Characterization of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cobl4 mutant alleles called irregular xylem6, irx6-2 and irx6-3, showed reduced α-cellulose content and lower crystallinity, supporting a role for COBL4 in maintaining cellulose quantity and quality. In live-cell imaging, mNeon Green-tagged CESA7 moved in the plasma membrane at higher speeds in the irx6-2 background compared to wild-type. To test conservation of COBL4 function between herbaceous and woody plants, poplar (Populus trichocarpa) COBL4 homologs PtCOBL4a and PtCOBL4b were transformed into, and rescued, the Arabidopsis irx6 mutants. Using the Arabidopsis secondary CW-inducible VND7-GR system to study poplar COBL4 dynamics, YFP-tagged PtCOBL4a localized to the plasma membrane in regions of high cellulose deposition in secondary CW bands. As predicted for a lipid-linked protein, COBL4 was more mobile in the plane of the plasma membrane than CESA7 or a control plasma membrane marker. Following programmed cell death, COBL4 anchored to the secondary CW bands. These data support a role for COBL4 as a modulator of cellulose organization in the secondary CW, influencing cellulose production, and CSC velocity at the plasma membrane.
Supporter or Rival: Developing a Network Governance Approach About the Role of Surrogate Inspectorates in Regulatory Governance
Authors: Wesdorp Julia , Klijn Erik Hans 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Regulatory agencies work in a rapidly changing context: their activities are under increasing scrutiny, in which they intensively interact with societal stakeholders, such as media, labor associations, and grassroots organizations. In this article, we argue these (societal) stakeholders have the potential to take on the role of a surrogate inspectorate and contribute to making regulatory processes more network-like. These informal regulatory stakeholders have no formal authority, but criticize the regulatory agency or regulatee, advocate for other regulative actions, and set agendas for new regulatory issues. These activities make surrogate inspectorates an important actor in regulatory processes. This article defines the role of surrogate inspectorates, which strategies they employ, and how their presence and strategies affect the dynamics (and outcomes) of regulatory governance processes. Building on insights from theories of regulatory governance, network and collaborative governance, mediatization and blame theories, this article provides insights into how surrogate inspectorates can be understood and what angles can be taken to analyze their influence on regulatory processes.
A Scaling Relation, Zm-Type Deconfinement Phases, and Imaginary Chemical Potentials in Finite Temperature Large-N Gauge Theories
Authors: Azuma Takehiro , Morita Takeshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We show that the effective potentials for the Polyakov loops in finite temperature SU$(N)$ gauge theories obey a certain scaling relation with respect to temperature in the large-N limit. This scaling relation strongly constrains the possible terms in the Polyakov loop effective potentials. Moreover, by using the effective potentials in the presence of imaginary chemical potentials or imaginary angular velocities in several models, we find that phase transitions to $Z_m$-type deconfinement phases ($Z_m$ phase) occur, where the eigenvalues of the Polyakov loop are distributed $Z_m$ symmetrically. Physical quantities in the $Z_m$ phase obey the scaling properties of the effective potential. The models include Yang–Mills (YM) theories, the bosonic BFSS matrix model, and ${\mathcal {N}}=4$ supersymmetric YM theory on $S^3$. Thus, the phase diagrams of large-N gauge theories with imaginary chemical potentials are very rich and the stable $Z_m$ phase would be ubiquitous. Monte-Carlo calculations also support this. As a related topic, we discuss the phase diagrams of large-N YM theories with real angular velocities in finite volume spaces.
Cognitive Functional Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Thiveos Lena , Kent Peter , Pocovi Natasha C , O’Sullivan Peter , Hancock Mark J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive functional therapy (CFT) in the management of people with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) and explore the variability in available trials to understand the factors which may affect the effectiveness of the intervention.

Methods
A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. Four databases were searched from inception to October 12, 2023. Randomized controlled trials investigating CFT compared with any control group in patients with nonspecific LBP were included. Mean difference and 95% CIs were calculated for pain, disability, and pain self-efficacy. Certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results
Seven trials were included. Low to moderate certainty of evidence was found that CFT was effective for disability at short, medium, and long term time points compared with alternate treatments, including usual care. Low to moderate certainty of evidence was found that CFT is effective for pain in the short and medium terms and probably in the long term. There was high certainty evidence CFT was effective in increasing pain self-efficacy in the medium and long terms. A single study found CFT was cost-effective compared with usual care. Variability was found in the training and implementation of CFT across the included trials, which may contribute to some heterogeneity in the results.

Conclusion
The results show promise in the use of CFT as an intervention likely to effectively manage disability, pain, and self-efficacy in people with chronic nonspecific LBP. The number of clinicians trained, their experience, and quality of training (including competency assessment) may be important in achieving optimal effectiveness.

Impact
This is the most comprehensive review of CFT to date and included investigation of between-trial differences. CFT is a promising intervention for chronic LBP and high-quality synthesis of evidence of its effectiveness is important for its clinical application.
Long-Term Loss of Alignment Following ASD Surgery in the Absence of Mechanical Complications
Authors: Haddad Sleiman , Jacobs Eva , Núñez Pereira Susana , Ruiz de Villa Aleix , Pupak Anika , Barcheni Maggie , Ramírez Valencia Manuel , Pizones Javier , Kleinstück Frank S. , Pérez Grueso Francisco Sánchez , Alanay Ahmet , Obeid Ibrahim , Pellisé Ferran ,   European Spine Study Group
Published: September 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) registry.

Objective:
Assess whether spinal alignment deteriorates post-surgery in absence of mechanical complications and evaluate the long-term outcomes of ASD surgery over a five-year period.

Summary of Background Data:
ASD is prevalent among older adults, leading to significant pain and disability. Surgical intervention, although increasingly popular, is associated with complications, high costs, and uncertain long-term outcomes beyond two years. Mechanical failure and alignment loss often necessitate revision surgeries, but the natural progression of spinal alignment post-surgery without complications remains unclear.

Methods:
Clinical and radiological data were analyzed from surgical patients in a multicenter ASD registry who maintained alignment within the instrumented region and completed a 5-year follow-up. The study evaluated patient demographics, surgical details, radiological parameters, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes. Sub-analyses were conducted to compare patients with different initial postoperative alignments and fixation levels.

Results:
The study included 79 patients (83.5% women, average age 61.9 years) with a mean of 10.7 fused levels. Of these, 29.1% underwent three-column osteotomies (3CO), and 88.6% had a posterior-only approach. While 65% showed favorable alignment at 6 weeks post-surgery, there was a progressive deterioration in global sagittal alignment (Global Tilt/RSA) and thoracic kyphosis over five years (P<0.05), along with increased pelvic compensation (PT SS/RPV). These changes did not correlate with worsening Health-Related Quality of Life outcomes (P>0.05). Older age was linked to greater progression in T2-T12 kyphosis, and osteoporosis was associated with increased SVA and RPV. Optimal immediate postoperative sagittal alignment did not prevent this “aging effect.”

Conclusions:
ASD surgery and achieving ideal postoperative alignment do not prevent the ongoing “aging” of the non-instrumented spine. Both thoracic and global sagittal alignments deteriorate over time. Although no functional decline has been observed, the implications of these changes for surgical planning remain uncertain.
The role of intravenous glutamine administration in critical care patients with acute kidney injury: a narrative review
Authors: Jonny Jonny , Larasati Astrid Devina , Ramadhani Bunga Pinandhita , Hernowo Bhimo Aji , Pasiak Taufiq Fredrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The kidneys are complex organs responsible for waste removal and various regulatory functions. Critically ill patients often experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Although renal replacement therapy is used to manage AKI, nutritional therapy is crucial. Glutamine, an amino acid involved in cellular functions, has potential benefits when administered intravenously to critically ill patients. This administration is associated with reduced mortality rates, infectious complications, and hospitalization duration. However, its use in patients with AKI remains controversial. Glutamine is used by various organs, including the kidneys, and its metabolism affects several important pathways. Intravenous glutamine supplementation at specific doses can improve blood marker levels and restore plasma glutamine concentrations. Moreover, this supplementation reduces infections, enhances immune responses, decreases disease severity scores, and reduces complications in critically ill patients. However, caution is advised in patients with multiple organ failure, particularly AKI, as high doses of glutamine may increase mortality rates. Hyperglutaminemia can have adverse effects. Monitoring and appropriate dosing can help to mitigate these risks. Kidneys rely on glutamine for various essential functions. Thus, the use of intravenous glutamine in critically ill patients with AKI remains controversial. Despite its potential benefits in terms of infection reduction, immunomodulation, and improved outcomes, careful consideration of the patient’s condition, dosage, and treatment duration is necessary. Further research is needed to establish optimal guidelines for glutamine administration in this patient population.
Epigenetic modification of Castor zinc finger 1 (CASZ1) is associated with tumor microenvironments and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Fei , Liang Jiayu , Wei Xin 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the predominant and remarkably diverse form of renal cell carcinoma. The involvement of the Castor zinc finger 1 (CASZ1) gene in adverse prognostic outcomes has been observed across different cancer types. Nevertheless, the specific altered activities and associated multi-omics characteristics of CASZ1 in ccRCC remain unelucidated.

Method:
In order to explore the expression of CASZ1, evaluate its prognostic significance, and aid in the therapeutic decision-making process for patients with ccRCC, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene expression omnibus (GEO), and The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases were utilized to gather data on clinicopathological data, prognostic information, genomic, methylomic and immunomic data. Additionally, the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database provided information on drug sensitivity.

Results:
CASZ1 expression was found to be significantly reduced in ccRCC and was associated with unfavorable pathological characteristics and a bleak prognosis. Diminished CASZ1 mRNA levels were notably correlated with heightened cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) methylation, indicating a poorer prognosis for patients with increased methylation. Examination of RNA-seq data from TCGA indicated that the CASZ1-high expression subgroup displayed heightened immune cell infiltration and increased expression of immune checkpoint markers, potentially suggesting a more favorable response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, data from the GDSC database indicated that the CASZ1-low expression subgroup might exhibit greater sensitivity to anti-angiogenetic treatments, such as Sunitinib and Axitinib.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that CASZ1 may function as a biomarker for distinguishing various tumor microenvironment phenotypes, predicting prognosis, and assisting in treatment decisions for individuals with ccRCC.
Mechanism Linking Cigarette Pack Factors, Point-of-Sale Marketing and Individual Factors With Smoking Intention Among School-Going Adolescents
Authors: Jetly Kavita , Ismail Aniza , Hassan Noraryana , Nawi Azmawati Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Context:Tobacco usage accounts for one of the most preventable causes of death.Objective:This study aimed to explore mechanisms linking cigarette pack factors, point-of-sale marketing, and individual factors (psychological reactant trait) to predict smoking intention among school-going adolescents.Design, Setting, and Participants:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 6 urban secondary schools. A pretested and validated self-administered questionnaire was used. Data analysis for structural equation modeling was done using SMART-PLS v3.2.8.Main Outcome Measure:The main outcome measure was to determine the direct and indirect effects of cigarette pack factors, point-of-sale marketing, and individual factors (psychological reactant trait) to predict smoking intention among school-going adolescents in a theory-based model.Results:A total of 386 adolescents fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated. Pictorial warning message reactance (β = .153,P ≤ .001), pack receptivity of conventional pack (β = .297,P = .004), and psychological reactant trait (β = .174,P ≤ .001) were positively related to smoking intention. Pictorial warning negative affect (β = −.153,P = .001) was negatively related to smoking intention. The psychological reactant trait was positively related to message reactance (β = .340,P ≤ .001). However, recall exposure to point-of-sale marketing and pack appraisal of conventional pack was not positively related to smoking intention (β = .038,P = .22 and β = −.026,P = .39, respectively). Pictorial warning message reactance also positively mediates the relationship between psychological reactant trait and smoking intention (β = 0.05, p = .001). The model has strong predictive power.Conclusion:In conclusion, cigarette pack factors and psychological reactant traits are essential in predicting smoking intention. Hence, policymakers should consider these factors in developing smoking policies.
A Comparison of Los Angeles County Health Survey Outcomes After Transitioning From Telephone to a Primarily Web-Based, Self-Administration Data Collection Mode
Authors: Lewis Taylor , Freedner Naomi , Lee Nicole , Cui Yan , Rosales Monica , Shah Megha 
Published: September 2024

Context:
As response rates to health surveys conducted by telephone continue to fall while data collection costs rise, practitioners are increasingly transitioning to address-based sample (ABS) designs with a self-administered, mail contact data collection mode.

Objective:
To compare differences in key health indicators produced from both the Adult Survey and Child Survey of the Los Angeles County Health Survey (LACHS), which transitioned from a telephone to primarily self-administered mode in the 2022-2023 administration.

Design:
Weighted survey estimates from the 2015, 2018, and 2022-2023 LACHS administrations are compared to investigate differences that may be attributable to LACHS’ recent mode transition.

Setting:
All survey data were collected of residents of Los Angeles County between 2015 and 2023.

Main Outcome Measures:
Response rates and key health indicators produced from the Los Angeles County Health Survey.

Results:
Introducing the self-administration mode led to modest response rate increases of approximately 10% to 16% for the Adult Survey and from 10% to 14% in the Child Survey. Key health indicator differences are mixed, but generally larger in magnitude across the mode transition, and also generally larger for the Adult Survey relative to the Child Survey.

Conclusions:
Transitioning a population health survey from a telephone mode to a primarily self-administration mode using an ABS design comes with tradeoffs. Increased response rates and a greater ability to target lower-level geographies and other population domains of interest may be offset by mode effects that cannot be compensated for by weighting adjustments.
Contemporary Management of Distal Radius Fractures: What All Plastic Surgeons Should Know
Authors: Hooper Rachel C. , Haase Steven C. , Mithani Suhail K. , Palazzo Michelle , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: September 2024

Summary:
Distal radius fractures are extremely common. Plastic surgery trainees and practicing surgeons who encounter these patients should be familiar with the various treatment options. Although the volar locking plate has revolutionized treatment of these fractures, we believe it is important to highlight the anatomy, diagnosis, and contemporary management of specific fracture patterns that may require techniques beyond volar plating.