bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient double-quenching of electrochemiluminescence from CdS:Eu QDs by hemin-graphene-Au nanorods ternary composite for ultrasensitive immunoassay
Authors: Liu Jing , Cui Meirong , Zhou Hong , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel ternary composite of hemin-graphene-Au nanorods (H-RGO-Au NRs) with high electrocatalytic activity was synthesized by a simple method. And this ternary composite was firstly used in construction of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor due to its double-quenching effect of quantum dots (QDs). Based on the high electrocatalytic activity of ternary complexes for the reduction of H2O2 which acted as the coreactant of QDs-based ECL, as a result, the ECL intensity of QDs decreased. Besides, due to the ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) strategy between the large amount of Au nanorods (Au NRs) on the ternary composite surface and the CdS:Eu QDs, the ECL intensity of QDs was further quenched. Based on the double-quenching effect, a novel ultrasensitive ECL immunoassay method for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) which is used as a model biomarker analyte was proposed. The designed immunoassay method showed a linear range from 0.01 pg mL−1 to 1.0 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.01 pg mL−1. The method showing low detection limit, good stability and acceptable fabrication reproducibility, provided a new approach for ECL immunoassay sensing and significant prospect for practical application.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Glucose Uptake and Metabolism in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wang Jihong , Weygand Joseph , Hwang Ken-Pin , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Ding Yao , Fuller Clifton D. , Lai Stephen Y. , Frank Steven J. , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractImaging metabolic dysfunction, a hallmark of solid tumors, usually requires radioactive tracers. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can potentially detect and visualize glucose uptake and metabolism, without the need for radioisotopes. Here, we tested the feasibility of using glucose CEST (glucoCEST) to image unlabeled glucose uptake in head and neck cancer by using a clinical 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The average CEST contrast between tumors and normal tissue in 17 patients was 7.58% (P = 0.006) in the 3–4 ppm offset frequency range and 5.06% (P = 0.02) in 1–5 ppm range. In a subgroup of eight patients, glucoCEST signal enhancement was higher in tumors than in normal muscle (4.98% vs. 1.28%, P < 0.021). We conclude that glucoCEST images of head and neck cancer can be obtained with a clinical 3T MRI scanner.
Vimentin coordinates fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte differentiation in wound healing via TGF-β–Slug signaling
Authors: Cheng Fang , Shen Yue , Mohanasundaram Ponnuswamy , Lindström Michelle , Ivaska Johanna , Ny Tor , Eriksson John E. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
The central concept in this study is that a major cytoskeletal component, vimentin, acts as a signal integrator during wound healing, operating in both signal-triggering and signal-receiving cells. This is a previously unreported concept for intermediate filaments, with an evolving paradigm according to which intermediate filaments emerge as integrators of regeneration with specific functions in the particular tissues for which individual intermediate filaments are characteristic. Our study reveals the underlying molecular and cellular control functions of vimentin in vimentin-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition, regeneration, and healing.
Alterations in autonomic cardiac modulation in response to normobaric hypoxia
Authors: Giles David , Kelly John , Draper Nick 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurpose: The present study aimed to determine if autonomic cardiac modulation was influenced by acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia. Method: Ten healthy male lowland dwellers completed five block‐randomised single‐blinded, crossed‐over acute exposures to a normobaric hypoxic environment, each separated by 24 hours’ recovery (20.3%, 17.4%, 14.5%, 12.0% and 9.8% FIO2). Supine recordings were made of arterial oxygen saturation and electrocardiogram (ECG). RR intervals from the ECG trace were analysed for time (SDNN, lnrMSSD), frequency (lnVLF, lnLF, lnHF, lnTP, LFnu, and HFnu), and nonlinear (DFA‐α1 and SampEn) heart rate variability components. Results: A significant reduction in arterial SaO2 occurred with reduced FIO2, along with a rise in heart rate (Cohen's d = 1.16, 95% Confidence Interval [2.64–6.46]), significant at 9.8% FIO2. A decrease in autonomic cardiac modulation was also found as shown by a statistically significant (at 9.8% FIO2) decrease in lnTP (d = 1.84 [1.74–1.94]), and SampEn (d = 0.98 [0.83–1.12]) and an increase in DFA‐α1 (d = 0.72 [0.60–0.84]) from normoxia at 9.8% FIO2. Conclusion: The decrease in variability indicated a reduction in autonomic cardiac modulation. There appears to be a threshold ∼9.8% FIO2 (∼6000 m equiv.), below which significant alterations in autonomic control occur.
Ursula Mamlok, Panta Rhei, Third Movement (1981)
Authors: Straus Joseph N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The third movement of Ursula Mamlok’s piano trio Panta Rhei (1981) is composed in her distinctive twelve-tone style. Its hexatonic qualities, including its enchaining of triads and forms of set class (014), respond well to a neo-Riemannian analytical approach, suitably modified. Rhythm as well as pitch forms part of the serial design. A close reading of this work provides a context for the refutation of a number of familiar myths about postwar twelve-tone music, including myths regarding orthodoxy, purity, non-repetition, antitonality, and inexpressiveness. Mamlok’s individual practice places her in a varied and eclectic mainstream of twelve-tone composition in postwar America.
Elisabeth Lutyens, Essence of Our Happinesses (1968)
Authors: Parsons Laurel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In Essence of Our Happinesses (1968), a three-movement work for tenor, chorus, and orchestra, Elisabeth Lutyens explores the nature of time through settings of texts by Abū Yazīd, John Donne, and Arthur Rimbaud. This essay examines the second movement, Lutyens’s setting of a Donne meditation on the nature of time followed by an orchestral choros entitled “Chronikos.” First, an examination of the tenor’s recurring melody shows how, through orchestration and flexible treatment of the row, Lutyens creates a kind of serial plainchant. Metric analysis of the choros then demonstrates how Lutyens’s juxtaposition of a metrically unpredictable series of motives against a clocklike ostinato provides a wordless commentary on Donne’s text. Finally, the composition is discussed in the context of Lutyens’s many works exploring the paradoxes of human temporal experience.
Dealing with Disasters
Authors: Clarke Daniel J. , Dercon Stefan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The world does not turn a blind eye to disasters. In fact, many disasters are followed by an outpouring of generosity. Despite such gestures, disaster responses often seem insufficient, slow, and not well coordinated, and recovery can take years. The main thesis of this book is that the impact of disasters can be dulled if three things are in place beforehand: (1) a coordinated plan for post-disaster action agreed in advance; (2) a fast, evidence-based decision-making process; and (3) financing on standby to ensure that the plan can be implemented. The solutions presented throughout this book are based on pre-agreed, pre-financed, rules-based plans that can be implemented after a disaster without the need for further political decisions or the hand-wringing that often follows a crisis.
Defining the Problem
Authors: Clarke Daniel J. , Dercon Stefan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The post-disaster relationships between national and subnational governments, government and farmers, government and homeowners, and government and the international humanitarian system often take the form of a begging bowl, although there are notable exceptions. Begging bowls arise because of benefactors—the people who retain discretion over how to allocate their budgets after a disaster strikes. For beneficiaries, begging-bowl financing of disaster risk is fraught with uncertainty—they do not know what help to expect and when help will arrive. It can also undermine their incentives to invest in disaster risk reduction and preparedness. All of these factors can increase the economic and human costs of catastrophes. Even if a budget can be mobilized, ambiguity over how money will be executed can lead to a slow response and poor targeting.
Planning for Disaster Recovery
Authors: Clarke Daniel J. , Dercon Stefan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Rules can promote decisive, timely action, but a rules-based system is only as good as the data that drive it. Because no rule is perfect, there should be some discretion to deal with situations in which the rules fail. The challenge is to allow discretion without allowing people to game the system. The data need to be resistant to manipulation and strike the right balance between cost, speed, and reliability. Any data that could trigger action will depend on investments before a disaster in design of the data-collection system, including an audit function, and in the human and technological capacity to collect data in a timely manner. Three types of data could be used to trigger action: ground data on the damage to or losses of people and buildings, area average index data on damage and losses, or parametric indexes.
Moving forward…
Authors: Clarke Daniel J. , Dercon Stefan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Discretionary begging-bowl financing does not work well for disasters—it is too slow, leads to a fragmented response, and encourages underinvestment in risk reduction and preparedness. To get around this problem, generous people and their political leaders should think like are an insurance company. This means making trade-offs over who or what to protect before disasters. This process is not easy, but it is necessary for a system with good incentives. Leaders should focus on providing protection, not relief, and using financial incentives to encourage others to own up to and finance their share up front. The international humanitarian system is still needed, as a back-up when plans fail. It should not be the first line of defence for natural disasters.
Commitment to Change and Challenges to Implementing Changes After Workplace-Based Assessment Rater Training
Authors: Kogan Jennifer R. , Conforti Lisa N. , Yamazaki Kenji , Iobst William , Holmboe Eric S. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Faculty development for clinical faculty who assess trainees is necessary to improve assessment quality and impor tant for competency-based education. Little is known about what faculty plan to do differently after training. This study explored the changes faculty intended to make after workplace-based assessment rater training, their ability to implement change, predictors of change, and barriers encountered.

Method
In 2012, 45 outpatient internal medicine faculty preceptors (who supervised residents) from 26 institutions participated in rater training. They completed a commitment to change form listing up to five commitments and ranked (on a 1–5 scale) their motivation for and anticipated difficulty implementing each change. Three months later, participants were interviewed about their ability to implement change and barriers encountered. The authors used logistic regression to examine predictors of change.

Results
Of 191 total commitments, the most common commitments focused on what faculty would change about their own teaching (57%) and increasing direct observation (31%). Of the 183 commitments for which follow-up data were available, 39% were fully implemented, 40% were partially implemented, and 20% were not implemented. Lack of time/competing priorities was the most commonly cited barrier. Higher initial motivation (odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 3.57) predicted change. As anticipated difficulty increased, implementation became less likely (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.49, 0.93).

Conclusions
While higher baseline motivation predicted change, multiple system-level barriers undermined ability to implement change. Rater-training faculty development programs should address how faculty motivation and organizational barriers interact and influence ability to change.
Procedural Competence Among Faculty in Academic Health Centers: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Vaisman Alon , Cram Peter 
Published: July 2016

Increasingly, faculty are taking on more direct responsibilities in patient care because of reductions in resident work hours, increasing admissions, and an endless push for efficiency. Furthermore, the rise of different career tracks in academia (i.e., patient care, research, education, or administration) and a drive for efficiency and subspecialization have placed additional strains on academic health centers. Combined, these factors have led to faculty increasingly being placed in the position of supervising bedside procedures that they may have not performed in years or with tools they have never trained with at all. Despite these challenges, procedural retraining for faculty remains nonstandardized across most academic health centers. The resulting lack of procedural competence among faculty creates a number of challenges for the different parties involved.
In this Perspective, the authors discuss the nature of the current problem of faculty procedural competence and the challenges it poses for faculty and academic health centers, medicolegal ramifications, and the challenges it poses to the faculty–trainee relationship. The authors then suggest several strategies to delineate and resolve this problem. To delineate the problem, they suggest single-center surveys to address the current paucity of data. To resolve the problem, they suggest the consideration of some modest, low-cost interventions such as having backup systems in place for procedure supervision (e.g., procedural service teams or interventional radiologists) and providing faculty with opportunities to retrain.
Assessing the Validity of Online Drug Forums as a Source for Estimating Demographic and Temporal Trends in Drug Use
Authors: Paul Michael J. , Chisolm Margaret S. , Johnson Matthew W. , Vandrey Ryan G. , Dredze Mark 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
Addiction researchers have begun monitoring online forums to uncover self-reported details about use and effects of emerging drugs. The use of such online data sources has not been validated against data from large epidemiological surveys. This study aimed to characterize and compare the demographic and temporal trends associated with drug use as reported in online forums and in a large epidemiological survey.

Methods:
Data were collected from the Web site, drugs-forum.com, from January 2007 through August 2012 (143,416 messages posted by 8087 members) and from the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from 2007 to 2012. Measures of forum participation levels were compared with and validated against 2 measures from the NSDUH survey data: percentage of people using the drug in past 30 days and percentage using the drug more than 100 times in the past year.

Results:
For established drugs (eg, cannabis), significant correlations were found across demographic groups between drugs-forum.com and the NSDUH survey data, whereas weaker, nonsignificant correlations were found with temporal trends. Emerging drugs (eg, Salvia divinorum) were strongly associated with male users in the forum, in agreement with survey-derived data, and had temporal patterns that increased in synchrony with poison control reports.

Conclusions:
These results offer the first assessment of online drug forums as a valid source for estimating demographic and temporal trends in drug use. The analyses suggest that online forums are a reliable source for estimation of demographic associations and early identification of emerging drugs, but a less reliable source for measurement of long-term temporal trends.
Treatment of Coagulopathy Related to Hepatic Insufficiency
Authors: Barton Cassie A. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
To provide a concise review of the medical management of coagulopathy related to hepatic insufficiency. This review will focus on prevention and management of bleeding episodes in patients with hepatic insufficiency. The treatment and prevention of thromboembolic complications will also be addressed.

Data Sources:
Electronic search of PubMed database using relevant search terms, including hepatic coagulopathy, hemorrhage, liver diseases, blood coagulation disorders, blood transfusion, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and liver failure. Subsequent searches were done on specific issues.

Study Selection:
Articles considered include original articles, review articles, guidelines, consensus statements, and conference proceedings.

Data Extraction:
A detailed review of scientific, peer-reviewed data was performed. Relevant publications were included and summarized.

Data Synthesis:
Available evidence is used to describe and summarize currently available tests of hemostasis, utilization of prohemostatic agents, transfusion strategies, use of prophylactic anticoagulation and treatment of thromboembolic events in patients with hepatic insufficiency.

Conclusions:
Dynamic changes to hemostasis occur in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Routine laboratory tests of hemostasis are unable to reflect these changes and should not be used exclusively to evaluate coagulopathy. Newer testing methods are available to provide data on the entire spectrum of clotting but are not validated in acute bleeding. Prohemostatic agents utilized to prevent bleeding should only be considered when the risk of bleeding outweighs the risk of thrombotic complications. Restrictive transfusion strategies may avoid exacerbation of acute bleeding. Prophylaxis against and treatment of thromboembolic events are necessary and should consider patient specific factors.
Risk-adapted transplant strategies for high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: are we there?
Authors: Lewalle Philippe , Wittnebel Sebastian 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
The treatment of high-risk classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients remains challenging, especially after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) failure. Moreover, the outcome of chemorefractory patients is still poor.

Recent findings
The development of novel targeted therapies has changed the therapeutic options for high-risk patients. To improve outcome, treatment algorithms should integrate up-front, newly established prognostic markers. Tandem ASCT instead of single ASCT has been proposed as an option to improve outcome for high-risk patients. Availability of less toxic reduced intensity conditioning regimens and recent development in haploidentical transplantation have widened applicability and improved outcomes of allo-hematopoietic cell transplantation. Their exact role in cHL is still controversial and there is no consensus on the optimal transplantation strategy. In this context, results of tandem ASCT should also be compared with those of the autologous/reduced intensity conditioning-allo tandem approach. In this review, we discuss how transplantation strategies (auto and allo) can fit into the salvage treatment plan for patients with relapsed/refractory cHL, taking into account the new drugs available and integrating modern risk assessment.

Summary
We speculated that improvements could be achieved by transplanting patients in earlier phases of their disease, if necessary after ‘bridging’ using the new drugs, and we propose an algorithm integrating the different treatment options.
Anxiogenic CO2 stimulus elicits exacerbated hot flash-like responses in a rat menopause model and hot flashes in postmenopausal women
Authors: Federici Lauren M. , Roth Sarah Dorsey , Krier Connie , Fitz Stephanie D. , Skaar Todd , Shekhar Anantha , Carpenter Janet S. , Johnson Philip L. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective:
As longitudinal studies determined that anxiety is a strong risk factor for hot flashes, we hypothesized that an anxiogenic stimulus that signals air hunger (hypercapnic, normoxic gas) would trigger an exacerbated hot flash-associated increase in tail skin temperature (TST) in a rat ovariectomy (OVEX) model of surgical menopause and hot flashes in symptomatic postmenopausal women. We also assessed TST responses in OVEX serotonin transporter (SERT)+/− rats that models a common polymorphism that is associated with increased climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women and increases in anxiety traits.

Methods:
OVEX and sham-OVEX rats (initial experiment) and wildtype and SERT+/− OVEX rats (subsequent experiment) were exposed to a 5-minute infusion of 20% carbon dioxide (CO2) normoxic gas while measuring TST. Postmenopausal women were given brief 20% and 35% CO2 challenges, and hot flashes were self-reported and objectively verified.

Results:
Compared to controls, OVEX rats had exacerbated increases in TST, and SERT+/− OVEX rats had prolonged TST increases following CO2. Most women reported mild/moderate hot flashes after CO2 challenges, and the hot flash severity to CO2 was positively correlated with daily hot flash frequency.

Conclusions:
The studies demonstrate that this anxiogenic stimulus is capable of inducing cutaneous vasomotor responses in OVEX rats, and eliciting hot flashes in postmenopausal women. In rats, the severity of the response was mediated by loss of ovarian function and increased anxiety traits (SERT+/−), and, in women, by daily hot flash frequency. These findings may provide insights into anxiety-related triggers and genetic risk factors for hot flashes in thermoneutral environments.
Ages at menarche and menopause and reproductive lifespan as predictors of exceptional longevity in women: the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Shadyab Aladdin H. , Macera Caroline A. , Shaffer Richard A. , Jain Sonia , Gallo Linda C. , Gass Margery L.S. , Waring Molly E. , Stefanick Marcia L. , LaCroix Andrea Z. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between reproductive factors and survival to age 90 years.

Methods:
This was a prospective study of postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative recruited from 1993 to 1998 and followed until the last outcomes evaluation on August 29, 2014. Participants included 16,251 women born on or before August 29, 1924 for whom survival to age 90 during follow-up was ascertained. Women were classified as having survived to age 90 (exceptional longevity) or died before age 90. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of ages at menarche and menopause (natural or surgical) and reproductive lifespan with longevity, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive characteristics.

Results:
Participants were on average aged 74.7 years (range, 69-81 y) at baseline. Of 16,251 women, 8,892 (55%) survived to age 90. Women aged at least 12 years at menarche had modestly increased odds of longevity (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00-1.19). There was a significant trend toward increased longevity for later age at menopause (natural or surgical; P
trend = 0.01), with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.19 (1.04-1.36) and 1.18 (1.02-1.36) for 50 to 54 and at least 55 compared with less than 40 years, respectively. Later age at natural menopause as a separate exposure was also significantly associated with increased longevity (P
trend = 0.02). Longer reproductive lifespan was significantly associated with increased longevity (P
trend = 0.008). The odds of longevity were 13% (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25) higher in women with more than 40 compared with less than 33 reproductive years.

Conclusions:
Reproductive characteristics were associated with late-age survival in older women.