bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parthenolide ameliorates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington’s disease-like aberrations via modulating NLRP3 inflammasome, reducing microglial activation and inducing astrocyte shifting
Authors: Noureldeen Mona E. , Shahin Nancy N. , Amin Hebat Allah A. , El-Sawalhi Maha M. , Ghaiad Heba R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes motor, cognitive, and psychiatric abnormalities, with no satisfying disease-modifying therapy so far. 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) induces behavioural deficits, together with biochemical and histological alterations in animals’ striata that mimic HD. The role of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain–containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in HD pathogenesis remains largely uncharacterized. Parthenolide (PTL), a naturally occurring nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, is also known to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome. Whether PTL is beneficial in HD has not been established yet.

Aim
This study evaluated the possible neuroprotective effects of PTL against 3NP-induced behavioural abnormalities, striatal biochemical derangements, and histological aberrations.

Methods
Male Wistar rats received PTL (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p) for 3 weeks and 3NP (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) was administered alongside for the latter 2 weeks to induce HD. Finally, animals were subjected to open-field, Morris water maze and rotarod tests. Rat striata were examined histologically, striatal protein expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were evaluated immunohistochemically, while those of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1) and glutamate were determined by ELISA. Striatal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1), NF-κB, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, S100 calcium-binding protein A10 (S100A10) and complement-3 (C3) were assessed by gene expression analysis.

Results
PTL improved motor, locomotor, cognitive and anxiety-like behaviours, restored neuronal integrity, upregulated Nrf2, and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB and microglial activation. Additionally, PTL induced astrocyte shifting towards the neuroprotective A2 phenotype.

Conclusion
PTL exhibits neuroprotection against 3NP-induced HD, that might be ascribed, at least in part, to its modulatory effects on Keap1/Nrf2 and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.
Behind the scenes: a qualitative study on threats and violence in emergency medical services
Authors: Stjerna Doohan Isabelle , Davidsson Måns , Danielsson Martin , Aléx Jonas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of threats and violence against ambulance clinicians is a critical issue that has not been adequately studied. These incidents pose significant challenges to the provision of prehospital emergency care, affecting both the safety and well-being of the clinicians involved. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Swedish ambulance clinicians when encountering threats and violence during their work. A qualitative approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with 11 ambulance clinicians from various regions of Sweden. The participants were selected to ensure diversity in gender, age, and educational background. The data were collected over three weeks in 2021 and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis revealed three key categories related to the challenges faced by ambulance clinicians: Police cooperation challenges, Strategies for a safe care environment, and Impact during and relief after stressful events. These categories highlight the complexities of managing threats and violence in the field. This study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges that ambulance clinicians face due to threats and violence. It underscores the urgent need for comprehensive training, effective communication, and clear role allocation in complex situations. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of organized support systems to help clinicians cope with the aftermath of stressful events.
Parasite clearance and protection from Plasmodium falciparum infection (PCPI): a three-arm, parallel, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised trial of presumptive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine versus artesunate monotherapy among asymptomatic children 3–5 years of age in Cameroon
Authors: Martinez-Vega Rosario , Mbacham Wilfred Fon , Ali Innocent , Nji Akindeh , Mousa Andria , Beshir Khalid B. , Chopo-Pizarro Ana , Kaur Harparkash , Okell Lucy , Hansson Helle , Hocke Emma Filtenborg , Alifrangis Michael , Gosling Roland , Roper Cally , Sutherland Colin , Chico R. Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization 2022 malaria chemoprevention guidelines recommend providing a full course of antimalarial treatment at pre-defined intervals, regardless of malaria status to prevent illness among children resident in moderate to high perennial malaria transmission settings as perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). The dhps I431V mutation circulating in West Africa has unknown effect on SP protective efficacy.

Methods
This protocol is for a three-arm, parallel, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised trial in Cameroon among children randomly assigned to one of three directly-observed treatment groups: (i) Group 1 (n = 450) receives daily artesunate (AS) placebo on days − 7 to -1, then active SP plus placebo amodiaquine (AQ) on day 0, and placebo AQ on days 1 and 2; (ii) Group 2 (n = 250) receives placebo AS on days − 7 to -1, then active SP and AQ on day 0, and active AQ on days 1 and 2; and (iii) Group 3 (n = 200) receives active AS on days − 7 to -1, then placebo SP on day 0 and placebo AQ on days 0 to 2. On days 0, 2, 5, 7, and thereafter weekly until day 28, children provide blood for thick smear slides. Dried blood spots are collected on the same days and weekly from day 28 to day 63 for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and genotype analyses.

Discussion
Our aim is to quantify the chemopreventive efficacy of SP, and SP plus AQ, and measure the effect of the parasite genotypes associated with SP resistance on parasite clearance and protection from infection when exposed to SP chemoprevention. We will report unblinded results including: (i) time-to-parasite clearance among SP and SP plus AQ recipients who were positive on day 0 by qPCR and followed to day 63; (ii) mean duration of SP and SP plus AQ protection against infection, and (iii) mean duration of symptom-free status among SP and SP plus AQ recipients who were parasite free on day 0 by qPCR. Our study is designed to compare the 28-day follow-up of the new WHO malaria chemoprevention efficacy study protocol with extended follow-up to day 63.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06173206; 15/12/2023.
Surface topography changes and wear resistance of different non-metallic telescopic crown attachment materials in implant retained overdenture (prospective comparative in vitro study)
Authors: Abdel Hamid Sherif M. , Selima Rim A. , Basiony Mohamed Z. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using different types of metallic and non-metallic telescopic crown attachment materials on wear resistance and surface tomography changes in implant-retained mandibular overdentures.

Materials and methods
Completely edentulous mandibular epoxy models were fabricated, in which two implants were placed in the canine region and retained to the implants with three different material combinations used for the construction of telescopic attachments. Thirty-three identical mandibular overdentures were fabricated using the conventional standardized technique. The study groups were divided into three categories according to the material used for the construction of the secondary copings. The primary copings in all the study groups were constructed of PEEK, while the secondary coping in group I was PEEK, group II was ZrO2 and CoCr for group III. Primary copings were cemented on a ready-made abutment. Secondary copings were placed over the primary copings in the desired path of insertion, then picked up into the intaglio surface of the overdentures. A cyclic loading machine was used to apply repeated insertion-removal cycles simulating nearly 10 years of clinical use. Stereomicroscope with a built-in camera was used to monitor the reduction in width of the primary copings to evaluate the wear resistance of each material combination.

Results
There was highly statistically significant difference between the study groups after the application of 1.000, 5.000 and 10.000 cycles. The highest level of wear resistance was recorded for the PEEK/PEEK combination, whereas PEEK/ZrO2 and PEEK/CoCr showed no significant differences.

Conclusions
Implant retained overdenture with PEEK-PEEK telescopic crown attachment is associated with the highest wear resistance among all the study groups. PEEK-PEEK combination may be the treatment of choice for fabrication of telescopic attachment in implant retained overdenture as it provides better resistance to wear. It offers the advantages for geriatric patients as it decreases the possibility for repeated repair and replacement of attachment, increase long-term patient satisfaction and shelf life of prosthesis.
Effect of aging on dimensional accuracy and color stability of CAD-CAM milled and 3D-printed denture base resins: a comparative in-vitro study
Authors: Gad Marwa A. , Abdelhamid Ahmed M. , ElSamahy Mahmoud , Abolgheit Salma , Hanno Kenda I. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of studies comparing the dimensional accuracy and color stability of denture base resins made using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milling, 3-dimensional (3D) printing, and conventional denture processing techniques. This makes it challenging to determine the best method to fabricate complete dentures. The objective of this in vitro investigation was to assess and contrast the color stability and dimensional accuracy of denture base resins that were 3D printed and CAD-CAM milled, both before and after aging by thermocycling using digital surface matching technology and a benchtop laser scanner without using a spray, to optimize adaptation of the denture base and cast to minimize any imperfections and to evaluate the impact of the denture cleansing solution on the stability of color.

Methods
Evaluation of the dimensional accuracy (n = 27) was completed on a sectional maxillary stone cast using a digital 3D-surface matching software before and after 5000 thermocycles. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color change (△E00) of all disc specimens (N = 54) before and after 500 thermocycles and immersion in denture cleansing solution for 30 cycles (3 min each) daily for 6 days. The Kruskal Wallis test, Dunn’s post hoc test, Tukey’s test with Bonferroni adjustment, one sample t test and independent t test were used to statistically analyze the data (α < 0.05).

Results
Thermocycling decreased the dimensional accuracy of the heat polymerized group at all 5 locations and the 3D-printed group at locations 1, 3 and 5 (P > .05), while it had no significant difference on the CAD-CAM milled group at all locations (P < .05). The color change (△E00) was lowest in the CAD-CAM milled group, moderate in the heat-polymerized group and highest in the 3D-printed group. After immersion in denture cleanser, the color change (△E00) was significantly higher in the 3 groups compared with after thermocycling (P > .001).

Conclusions
CAD-CAM milled resins had the highest dimensional accuracy and the best color stability, conventional heat polymerized acrylic resins showed moderate change in dimensional accuracy and color stability, while the 3D- printed resin had the lowest dimensional accuracy and color stability after aging by thermocycling.
Influence of applying VARK learning styles on enhancing teaching skills: application of learning theories
Authors: El-Saftawy Enas , Latif Ahmed A. Abdel , ShamsEldeen Asmaa M. , Alghamdi Mansour A. , Mahfoz Amal M. , Aboulhoda Basma Emad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Social media in our networks have been exploited as dynamic learning tools and free platforms.

Aims
The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of VARK learning styles (visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K)) in enhancing parasitological laboratory skills using social media and various learning theories.

Methods
A research sample of 100 chemists working in Mega Alfa labs underwent online learning of laboratory parasitology skills via Facebook posts and WhatsApp dictated messages for an average of 7 weeks. All posts served various VARK learning styles and were designed based on Zeigarnik’s effect (conducting information with tactical breaks), memory storage and retrieval strength theories (repetition of information). Trainees were classified according to their VARK learning style preferences and were evaluated through pre/post-tests. Data on VARK learning styles were summarized using frequency (count) and relative frequency (percentage). Data of pre-test and post-test scores were summarized using mean and standard deviation. T-test was used to compare pre-test and post-test scores. The difference between the pre-test results, the post-test results and the preferred learning style was analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc testing. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
In a total of 100 trainees, tri-modal and multimodal learning styles were preferred by 40% and 30% of the trainees respectively; on the contrary, the unimodal and bimodal learning styles were the least preferred. In the trimodal and multimodal groups, the post-test results showed significant increase when compared with the pre-test results. Also, using the ANOVA test and a Tukey’s post-hoc comparison, the assemblage of multiple learning styles (tri-modal and multimodal) appeared to significantly improve the learning performance in the post-test results when compared with the unimodal and bimodal groups.

Conclusion
The tri-modal and multimodal learning styles were found to influence the acquirement of the laboratory parasitology skills much better than the unimodal and bimodal learning styles. Kinesthetic learning should have a special emphasis in training.
Predictors of climate change literacy in the era of global boiling: a cross-sectional survey of Egyptian nursing students
Authors: Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Zoromba Mohamed A. , Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan , AbdELhay Eman Sameh , Hendy Abdelaziz , Sayed Mervat Amin , Elmonem Huwida Hamdy Abd , El-ayari Omnya Sobhy Mohamad , Sehsah Ibrahim , AbdELhay Islam Sameh , Rahman Alzahraa Abdel Aziz Omar Abdel , Balha Selwan Mahmoud Ibrahim , Taha Heba Mostafa Ali , Shehata Hanady. Sh. , Othman Ahmed Abdellah , Mohamed Ahmed Zaher , Abdelrahman Mahitab Mohamed , Ibrahim Noha Mohammed Ibrahim , Hassan Eman Hassan Mahmoud , El-fatah Hend Ali Mohamed Abd , Ali Amal AbdElaal Mohamed , Elsmalosy Mohamed Farag Awad , Machaly Eslam Reda , Ghoneam Mohamed Adel , Ali Amal Fawzy Zaki , Elfar Mira Naguib Abdelrazek , El-Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Mahmoud Marwa Fouad Hanafy , Hassan Eman Arafa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Climate changes have led to health and environmental risks, so it has become essential to measure climate change literacy among the entire population, especially nursing students. The significant role of nursing students in raising public awareness and future healthcare roles emphasizes assessing the predictors of climate change literacy among nursing students.

Aims
This study seeks to identify the predictors of climate change literacy among nursing students in A Multi-Site Survey.

Design
A multi-site descriptive cross-sectional study adheres to the guidelines outlined in A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting Survey Studies collected for five months, from the 1st of July 2023 to November 2023. The study participants comprise 10,084 nursing students from all 27 governments in Egypt. The researcher used the Predictors of Nursing Students’ Climate Change Literacy scale in this study. Data was collected, with 25 min average time to complete. Backward multiple linear regression was used to identify these predictors.

Results
In the current study, nursing students demonstrated a moderate understanding of climate science (mean score 14.38), communication and advocacy skills (mean score 14.41), and knowledge of adaptation and mitigation strategies (mean score 13.33). Climate health impacts (mean score 17.72) emerged as the domain with the highest level of knowledge. No significant differences in climate literacy were observed across diverse student backgrounds (all p-values were > 0.05). Perceived faculty knowledge of climate change positively correlated with all four domains of climate literacy and emerged as a significant predictor in multiple linear regression analyses (all p-values were < 0.001).
Implication.
While our findings highlight significant predictors of climate literacy, it is essential to recognize that these results identify associations rather than causal relationships. Based on these associations, it is recommended that nursing professionals be equipped with comprehensive knowledge of climate adaptation strategies to better advocate for and implement effective public health measures.
Comparing caloric restriction regimens for effective weight management in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Jinming , Li Yi , Chen Maohua , Cai Zhaolun , Cai Zhen , Jiang Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Randomized controlled trials have confirmed the effectiveness of four prevalent caloric restriction regimens in reducing obesity-related health risks. However, there is no consensus on the optimal regimen for weight management in adults.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to January 15, 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving adults, evaluating the weight-loss effects of alternate day fasting (ADF), short-term fasting (STF), time-restricted eating (TRE), and continuous energy restriction (CER). The primary outcome was body weight, with secondary outcomes including BMI, fat mass, lean mass, waist circumference, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and adverse events. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted, ranking regimens using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the probability of being the best. Study quality was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool.

Results
Data from 47 RCTs (representing 3363 participants) were included. ADF showed the most significant body weight loss (Mean difference (MD): -3.42; 95% Confidence interval (CI): -4.28 to -2.55), followed by TRE (MD: -2.25; 95% CI: -2.92 to -1.59). STF (MD: -1.87; 95% CI: -3.32 to -0.56) and CER (MD: -1.59; 95% CI: -2.42 to -0.79) rank third and fourth, respectively. STF lead to decline in lean mass (MD: -1.26; 95% CI: -2.16, -0.47). TRE showed benefits on fasting glucose (MD: -2.98; 95% CI: -4.7, -1.26). Subgroup analysis revealed all four caloric restriction regimens likely lead to modest weight loss after 1–3 months, with ADF ranked highest, but by 4–6 months, varying degrees of weight regain occur, particularly with CER, while interventions lasting 7–12 months may result in effective weight loss, with TRE potentially ranking first during both the 4–6 months and 7–12 months periods. ADF showing fewer and shorter-lasting physical symptoms.

Conclusion
All four included regiments were effective in reducing body weight, with ADF likely having the most significant impact. Each regimen likely leads to modest weight loss after 1–3 months, followed by weight regain by 4–6 months. However, interventions lasting 7–12 months achieve greater weight loss overall.

Trial registration
PROSPERO: CRD42022382478.
Comprehensive analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum metabolome in neurological diseases
Authors: Otto Carolin , Kalantzis Rea , Kübler-Weller Dorothee , Kühn Andrea A. , Böld Tina , Regler Armin , Strathmeyer Selina , Wittmann Johannes , Ruprecht Klemens , Heelemann Steffen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Comprehensive characterization of the metabolome in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy may identify biomarkers and contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of neurological diseases.

Methods
Metabolites were determined by NMR spectroscopy in stored CSF/serum samples of 20 patients with Parkinson’s disease, 25 patients with other neuro-degenerative diseases, 22 patients with cerebral ischemia, 48 patients with multiple sclerosis, and 58 control patients with normal CSF findings. The data set was analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistics, as well as machine learning models.

Results
CSF glucose and lactic acid measured by NMR spectroscopy and routine clinical chemistry showed a strong correlation between both methods (glucose, R2 = 0.87, n = 173; lactic acid, R2 = 0.74, n = 173). NMR spectroscopy detected a total of 99 metabolites; 51 in both, CSF and serum, 16 in CSF only, and 32 in serum only. CSF concentrations of some metabolites increased with age and/or decreasing blood–brain-barrier function. Metabolite detection rates were overall similar among the different disease groups. However, in two-group comparisons, absolute metabolite levels in CSF and serum discriminated between multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.96), multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease (AUC = 0.89), and Parkinson’s disease and control patients (AUC = 0.91), as demonstrated by random forest statistical models. Orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis using absolute metabolite levels in CSF and serum furthermore permitted separation of Parkinson’s disease and neurodegenerative diseases. CSF propionic acid levels were about fourfold lower in Parkinson’s disease as compared to neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions
These findings outline the landscape of the CSF and serum metabolome in different categories of neurological diseases and identify age and blood–brain-barrier function as relevant co-factors for CSF levels of certain metabolites. Metabolome profiles as determined by NMR spectroscopy may potentially aid in differentiating groups of patients with different neurological diseases, including clinically meaningful differentiations, such as Parkinson’s disease from other neurodegenerative diseases.