bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ribosome destabilizes native and non‐native structures in a nascent multidomain protein
Authors: Liu Kaixian , Rehfus Joseph E. , Mattson Elliot , Kaiser Christian M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCorrect folding is a prerequisite for the biological activity of most proteins. Folding has largely been studied using in vitro refolding assays with isolated small, robustly folding proteins. A substantial fraction of all cellular proteomes is composed of multidomain proteins that are often not amenable to this approach, and their folding remains poorly understood. These large proteins likely begin to fold during their synthesis by the ribosome, a large molecular machine that translates the genetic code. The ribosome affects how folding proceeds, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure. We have utilized optical tweezers to study the folding of elongation factor G, a multidomain protein composed of five domains. We find that interactions among unfolded domains interfere with productive folding in the full‐length protein. The N‐terminal G‐domain constitutes an independently folding unit that, upon in vitro refolding, adopts two similar states that correspond to the natively folded and a non‐native, possibly misfolded structure. The ribosome destabilizes both of these states, suggesting a mechanism by which terminal misfolding into highly stable, non‐native structures is avoided. The ribosome may thus directly contribute to efficient folding by modulating the folding of nascent multidomain proteins.
International academic mobility across space and time: The case of Indian academics
Authors: Czaika Mathias , Toma Sorana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInternationalisation has become a central feature of academic careers as academics are increasingly expected to be mobile. Yet, we still know relatively little about the actual patterns and drivers of academic mobility across space and time. Using unique data from a recent survey of around 4,600 Indian academics across the globe, this article examines the dynamics of international academic mobility among one of the largest global academic diasporas. Overall, we find a strong “path dependence” for academic career and mobility trajectories, demonstrating the considerable importance of prior career steps in shaping future mobility choices. Working abroad as an academic, particularly in an Anglo‐Saxon destination, becomes very unlikely without some early international study experience. However, contextual and individual‐level factors may moderate this path dependence. Younger generations of Indian researchers, men, high‐performing students, and those with (Indian) degrees that are more valued internationally, have higher chances of breaking the path. In addition, socioeconomic background seems to be an important driver for early career and mobility steps but becomes much less relevant for later academic employment.
High‐temperature mass spectrometric study of the vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties in the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system
Authors: Kablov Eugene N. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Karachevtsev Fedor N. , Folomeikin Yuriy I. 
Published: May 2017

RationaleThe refractory properties of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system are considered promising for the production of many high‐temperature materials, e.g., thermal barrier coatings and casting molds for gas turbine engine blades. At high temperatures, components of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system may vaporize selectively and this may significantly change the physicochemical properties of the materials. Therefore, information on vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system is of great importance.MethodsThe vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system were studied using high‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry with a MS‐1301 mass spectrometer. Vaporization was carried out using a tungsten twin effusion cell containing the samples under study and pure Gd2O3 as a reference substance. Electron ionization at an energy of 25 eV was employed in the present study.ResultsIt was shown that at a temperature of 2500 K the vapor over the samples in the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system consisted of the GdO, YO and O vapor species. The Gd2O3 and Y2O3 activities in the samples in the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system as well as their vaporization rates were derived from the partial pressures of the vapor species. Using these data the HfO2 activities, the Gibbs energy of mixing and the excess Gibbs energy in this system were calculated at 2500 K.ConclusionsThe thermodynamic properties of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system, i.e., the component activities in the samples and the excess Gibbs energy, obtained in the present study at 2500 K, exhibited negative deviations from ideal behavior. The concentration dependence of excess Gibbs energy of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system was approximated with an empirical equation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐evaluation of the hydrogen stable isotopic composition of keratin calibration standards for wildlife and forensic science applications
Authors: Soto David X. , Koehler Geoff , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Hobson Keith A. 
Published: May 2017

RationaleDetermination of non‐exchangeable hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ2H values) of bulk complex organic materials is difficult due to uncontrolled H isotope exchange between the organic material and ambient water vapor. A number of calibration keratinous materials with carefully measured hydrogen isotopic compositions of the non‐exchangeable fraction were proposed to enable stable isotope laboratories to normalize their 2H measurements. However, it was recently reported that high‐temperature carbon‐reactor methods for measuring the hydrogen isotopic composition of nitrogenous organic materials is biased by the production of HCN in the reactor. As a result, the reported values of these calibration materials needed to be re‐evaluated.MethodsWe evaluated the non‐exchangeable δ2HVSMOW values of keratins EC1 (CBS) and EC2 (KHS), USGS hair standards, and a range of other nitrogenous widely used organic laboratory calibration materials (collagen and chitin) using pre‐treatment with a preparation device designed to eliminate residual moisture and quantify exchangeable H.ResultsThe revised non‐exchangeable δ2HVSMOW values of EC‐1 (CBS) and EC‐2 (KHS) keratin standard materials were –157.0 ± 0.9 and –35.3 ± 1.1 ‰, respectively. The revised values of USGS42 and USGS43 were –72.2 ± 0.9 and –44.2 ± 1.0 ‰, respectively, in excellent agreement with previous results.ConclusionsFor routine H isotope analyses, with proper sample pre‐treatment, we show that the Comparative Equilibration approach can provide accurate and reproducible non‐exchangeable δ2H values among laboratories regardless of the reactor type used. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Distributed adaptive high‐gain extended Kalman filtering for nonlinear systems
Authors: Rashedi M. , Liu J. , Huang B. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this work, we propose a distributed adaptive high‐gain extended Kalman filtering approach for nonlinear systems. Specifically, we consider a class of nonlinear systems that are composed of several subsystems interacting with each other via their states. In the proposed approach, an adaptive high‐gain extended Kalman filter is designed for each subsystem. The distributed Kalman filters communicate with each other to exchange estimated subsystem state information. First, assuming continuous communication among the distributed filters within deterministic form of subsystems, an implementation strategy that specifies how the distributed filters should communicate is designed and the detailed design of the subsystem filter is described. Second, we consider the case of stochastic subsystems for which the designed subsystem filters communicate to exchange information at discrete‐time instants. A state predictor in each subsystem filter is used to provide predictions of states of other subsystems. The stability properties of the proposed distributed estimation schemes with both continuous and discrete communications are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed schemes are illustrated via the application to a chemical process example. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends and Future Directions in Sustainable Development
Authors: Wichaisri Sooksiri , Sopadang Apichat 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study aims to explore research and to identify research clusters on sustainable development by using bibliometric analysis. The sustainable development field is examined using the selected research articles. A co‐citation unit is used to analyze the relationship between cited documents, and then science mapping is used to identify clusters in this relationship. The results show that there are four main distinct clusters, of which the most important concerns sustainable supply chains and logistics management. This cluster is then classified into five bunches of knowledge sources. These bunches illustrate the need for a trend in sustainability issues that includes a social dimension to balance economic and environmental dimensions for long‐term development. There are logistics management and lean concepts that can be applied to sustainable development to move toward business sustainability. The future direction of sustainable business concerns economic values, environmental policy and stakeholder engagement for business opportunities. The contribution of this article is to identify trends in sustainable development by means of bibliometric analysis, to develop research in the future. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Electronic Properties of Acetaminophen Adsorbed on 2D Clusters: A First Principles Density Functional Study
Authors: Saikia Ujjal , Saikia Nabanita , Waters Kevin , Pandey Ravindra , Sahariah Munima Bora 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe interaction of acetaminophen (N‐acetyl‐para‐aminophenol), a prominent analgesic and antipyretic, with 2D clusters was investigated using density functional theory with inclusion of van der Waals dispersion correction. The implicit solvation model with three different solvents; water, ethanol and carbon tetrachloride were utilized to observe the trends in binding energy as a function of solvent polarity. The calculated results demonstrate that interactions are not solely dependent on solvent polarity, but inherent properties of the 2D clusters drive the nature of the interaction; i. e. physisorbed states were favored for graphene, boron nitride (BN), and phosphorene, whereas a chemisorbed state is preferred for silicene. Analysis of the frontier orbitals and density of states (DOS) show that the acetaminophen functionalization induces mid‐gap energy states in BN. Chemisorbed acetaminophen on silicene induces a 2p core level shift in silicon. The calculated results provide atomistic insights on the nature of interactions of acetaminophen with the new class of 2D materials beyond graphene for potential sensing applications.
Bicarbonate Elution of Uranium from Amidoxime‐Based Polymer Adsorbents for Sequestering Uranium from Seawater
Authors: Pan Horng‐Bin , Wai Chien M. , Kuo Li‐Jung , Gill Gary , Tian Guoxin , Rao Linfeng , Das Sadananda , Mayes Richard T. , Janke Christopher J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUranium adsorbed on amidoxime‐based polyethylene fibers in simulated seawater can be quantitatively eluted using 3 M KHCO3 at 40 °C. Thermodynamic calculations are in agreement with the experimental observation that at high bicarbonate concentrations (3 M) uranyl ions bound to amidoxime molecules are converted to uranyl tris‐carbonato complex in the aqueous solution. The elution process is basically the reverse reaction of the uranium adsorption process which occurs at a very low bicarbonate concentration (∼10−3 M) in seawater. In real seawater experiments, the bicarbonate elution is followed by a NaOH treatment to remove natural organic matter adsorbed on the polymer adsorbent. Using the sequential bicarbonate and NaOH elution, the adsorbent is reusable after rinsing with deionized water and the recycled adsorbent shows no loss of uranium loading capacity based on real seawater experiments.
A Fluorescent Probe for Pyrophosphate Based on Tetraphenylethylene Derivative with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics
Authors: Li Peng Fei , Liu Yan Yan , Zhang Wen Juan , Zhao Na 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this work, a fluorescent probe (TPE‐DPA) with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics was prepared for detecting pyrophosphate (PPi) by attaching a dipicolylamine (DPA) unit into tetraphenylethylene (TPE) group. TPE‐DPA exhibits intense green emission in aqueous media because of the formation of the nanoaggregates. In the presence of Cu2+, the emission of TPE‐DPA can be effectively quenched due to the formation of complex TPE‐DPA/Cu2+. However, upon addition of PPi, the fluorescence can be selectively recovered because of the higher affinity between Cu2+ and PPi, and thus release of TPE‐DPA. The detection limit for PPi by using TPE‐DPA/Cu2+ is as low as 56 nM. Importantly, this strategy can be utilized for real‐time monitoring the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and for imaging of PPi in living cells.
Curcumin Related 1,4‐Diazepines: Regioselective Synthesis, Structure Analysis, Tautomerism, NMR Spectroscopy, X‐ray Crystallography, Density Functional Theory and GIAO Calculations
Authors: Nieto Carla I. , Andrade Ana , Sanz Dionisia , Claramunt Rosa M. , Torralba M. Carmen , Torres M. Rosario , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe reaction of 1,2‐ethylenediamine with seven fluorinated β‐diketones affords two different 1,4‐diazepine series depending on the experimental conditions. Their structures as well as tautomerism have been established by 1H, 13C, 15N and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance in solution supported by density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level. The two compounds obtained from (E)‐5‐(2‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐phenylpent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐dione were analyzed by X‐ray crystallography and studied by solid‐state NMR.
Two‐Dimensional Arrays of Au Halfshells with Different Sizes for Plasmon‐Induced Charge Separation
Authors: Wu Ling , Tsunenari Natsumi , Nishi Hiroyasu , Sugawa Kosuke , Otsuki Joe , Tatsuma Tetsu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlasmon‐induced charge separation (PICS) at plasmonic metal‐semiconductor interfaces has been used for photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and many other photofunctional materials and devices. In most of those cases, dispersed and disordered metal nanoparticle ensembles have been used. We prepared two‐dimensionally ordered and interconnected Au halfshell arrays on SiO2@TiO2 core‐shell nanosphere colloidal crystals and exploited them for PICS. The present system exhibits broad light absorption over the visible to near‐infrared (NIR) range, leading to wide photoelectrochemical responses. Here we report that this system is characterized not only by localized and propagating surface plasmons but also by light propagation through the colloidal crystals, which enhances plasmonic light harvesting. Effects of the SiO2 core size were examined, and the middle‐sized cores were found to be optimum for efficient PICS processes because of strong electric field at the photoelectrode.
Peak factor estimation of non‐Gaussian wind pressure on high‐rise buildings
Authors: Ma Xingliang , Xu Fuyou 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA vast quantity of measurements of wind‐induced non‐Gaussian effects on buildings call for the burgeoning development of more advanced extrema estimation approaches for non‐Gaussian processes. In this study, a well‐directed method for estimating the peak factor and modeling the extrema distribution for non‐Gaussian processes is proposed. This method is characterized by using two fitted probability distributions of the parent non‐Gaussian process to separately fulfill the estimations of the extrema on long‐tail and short‐tail sides. In this method, the Johnson transformation is adopted to be the probabilistic model for fitting the parent distribution of the non‐Gaussian process due to its superior fitting goodness and universality. For each dataset, two Johnson transformations will be established by two parameter estimation methods to individually estimate the extrema on two sides. Then a Gumbel assumption is applied for conveniently determining the non‐Gaussian peak factor. This method is validated through long‐duration wind pressure records measured on the model surfaces of a high‐rise building in wind tunnel test. The results show that the proposed method is more accurate and robust than many existing ones in estimating peak factors for non‐Gaussian wind pressures.
Entry‐Level Forward Surgical Team Training in 5th Grade Students of Second Military Medical University of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
Authors: Le Shiguan , Xi Wang , Li Wei , Xiao Jian , Wang Zhinong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundForward surgical team (FST) is a highly mobile team for surgical missions in battlefield. FST training has been well held in many western countries. However, such training in Chinese army is far from satisfaction.Methods and ResultsRelying on Second Military Medical University and its affiliated hospitals, we are launching an entry‐level training program for 5th grade students, in order to improve their understandings on basic concepts of FST, as well as their abilities to complete surgical missions on battlefield.ConclusionsIn this article, we are going to introduce our training facilities as well as our training methods in our training program.
Persistent Hiccups After an Epidural Steroid Injection Successfully Treated With Baclofen: A Case Report
Authors: Colorado Berdale , Decker Gregory 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPersistent hiccups are an established adverse reaction to epidural steroid injections. Although oral baclofen has been used to treat hiccups in various clinical settings, none of the previously reported studies that used baclofen were related to hiccups occurring after spinal injections/procedures. We report a case of a man who developed persistent hiccups after a transforaminal epidural steroid injection that was treated successfully with oral baclofen.Level of EvidenceV
Elementos de la didáctica en la cirugía en pregrado: un estudio cualitativo
Authors: Silva O. Verónica , Ortega B. Javiera , McColl C. Peter , Searle S. Mariana , Escobar S. Verónica 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: Los desafíos del presente siglo en educación médica son currículum flexible, integradores de complejidad creciente, centrados en el estudiante y su aprendizaje. En la ense˜nanza de la cirugía el estudiante debe adquirir las competencias necesarias para el diagnóstico, resolución y o derivación de la patología quirúrgica.
Objetivo: Describir los elementos didácticos de la ense˜nanza de la cirugía en la carrera de Medicina de una Universidad privada.
Método: Estudio cualitativo, basado en la Teoría Fundamentada de Strauss y Corbín. Participaron 6 docentes de la carrera de Medicina, fueron seleccionados según muestreo teórico. Los docentes fueron contactados personalmente, previo proceso de consentimiento informado. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas dise˜nadas por los investigadores. El plan de análisis fue realizado a partir del método de comparación constante hasta el nivel de codificación abierta, utilizando el Atlas-ti 7.5.2.
Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 851 códigos en vivo, lo que contribuyó a comprender las temáticas generales que se obtuvieron a partir de las entrevistas semiestructuradas. De esta manera, emerge en el nivel de codificación abierta, tres categorías: progresión del aprendizaje, asociado al desarrollo del razonamiento clínico lineal y recursivo; metodologías de enseñanza de la disciplina quirúrgica como la simulación y metodologías de evaluación utilizadas.
Discusión: Se ha podido caracterizar los diferentes aspectos de la didáctica de la cirugía. El presente estudio da luces de una aproximación inicial a la didáctica de la cirugía en pregrado en una Universidad privada en Chile. De esta forma, esta investigación servirá de base para futuras líneas de trabajos tanto en el ámbito cualitativo como cuantitativo en el proceso de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la cirugía en el pregrado, específicamente en áreas como el raciocinio clínico y la simulación.
Reduction of Environmental Contamination With Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Copper-Alloy Coating of Surfaces in a Highly Endemic Setting
Authors: Souli Maria , Antoniadou Anastasia , Katsarolis Ioannis , Mavrou Irini , Paramythiotou Elisabeth , Papadomichelakis Evangelos , Drogari-Apiranthitou Maria , Panagea Theofano , Giamarellou Helen , Petrikkos George , Armaganidis Apostolos 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of copper-coating in reducing environmental colonization in an intensive-care unit (ICU) with multidrug-resistant-organism (MDRO) endemicityDESIGNInterventional, comparative crossover trialSETTINGThe general ICU of Attikon University hospital in Athens, GreecePATIENTSThose admitted to ICU compartments A and B during the study periodMETHODSBefore any intervention (phase 1), the optimum sampling method using 2 nylon swabs was validated. In phase 2, 6 copper-coated beds (ie, with coated upper, lower, and side rails) and accessories (ie, coated side table, intravenous [i.v.] pole stands, side-cart handles, and manual antiseptic dispenser cover) were introduced as follows: During phase 2a (September 2011 to February 2012), coated items were placed next to noncoated ones (controls) in both compartments A and B; during phase 2b (May 2012 to January 2013), all copper-coated items were placed in compartment A, and all noncoated ones (controls) in compartment B. Patients were randomly assigned to available beds. Environmental samples were cultured quantitatively for clinically important bacteria. Clinical and demographic data were collected from medical records.RESULTSCopper coating significantly reduced the percentage of colonized surfaces (55.6% vs 72.5%; P<.0001), the percentage of surfaces colonized by MDR gram-negative bacteria (13.8% vs 22.7%; P=.003) or by enterococci (4% vs 17%; P=.014), the total bioburden (2,858 vs 7,631 cfu/100 cm2; P=.008), and the bioburden of gram-negative isolates, specifically (261 vs 1,266 cfu/100 cm2; P=.049). This effect was more pronounced when the ratio of coated surfaces around the patient was increased (phase 2b).CONCLUSIONSCopper-coated items in an ICU setting with endemic high antimicrobial resistance reduced environmental colonization by MDROs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:765–771
International Refugee Law: Where it Comes From, and Where It's Going…
Authors: Goodwin-Gill Guy S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite nearly 100 years of international organization and practice, international refugee law is confronted today with the critical challenges of globalization, securitization and an increasingly mobile world. Large-scale movements have exposed serious cracks in the European project; the EU's stated policy goal seems simply to keep refugees away. Elsewhere, numerous refugee situations are “protracted,” while persistent underdevelopment continues to drive the movement of people between States, in a context in which States appear unable to manage “irregular” migration. If a generous asylum policy is in practice, contingent on well-controlled external borders, can the basic rules of protection survive? Or are asylum and the principle of non-return to persecution (non-refoulement) at risk in a new international legal order? These are the issues addressed below.