bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐performance liquid chromatography study of gatifloxacin and sparfloxacin using erythrosine as post‐column resonance Rayleigh scattering reagent and mechanism study
Authors: Pan Ziyu , Peng Jingdong , Zang Xu , Peng Huanjun , Xiao Huan , Bu Lingli , Chen Fang , He Yan , Chen Yu , Wang Xiang , Li Shiyu , Chen Yi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerein, a highly selective high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) method was developed to detect gatifloxacin (GFLX) and sparfloxacin (SPLX). GFLX and SPLX were first separated by HPLC, then, in pH 4.4 Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer medium, protonic quaternary ammonia cation of GFLX and SPLX reacted with erythrosine (ERY) to form 1:1 ion‐association complexes, which resulted in a significant enhancement of RRS signal. The experimental conditions of HPLC and post‐column RRS have been investigated, including detection wavelength, flow rate, pH, reacting tube length and reaction temperature. Reaction mechanism were studied in detail by calculating the distribution fraction. The maximum RRS signals for GFLX and SPLX were recorded at λex = λem = 330 nm. The detection limits were 3.8 ng ml−1 for GFLX and 17.5 ng ml−1 for SPLX at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of GFLX and SPLX in water samples. Recoveries from spiked water samples were 97.56–98.85%.
Underlying mechanisms and chemical/biochemical therapeutic approaches to ameliorate protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Hekmatimoghaddam Seyedhossein , Zare‐Khormizi Mohamad Reza , Pourrajab Fatemeh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProtein misfolding and inclusion body formations are common events in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by deposition of misfolded proteins inside or outside of neurons, and are commonly referred to as “protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases” (PMNDs). These phenotypically diverse but biochemically similar aggregates suggest a highly conserved molecular mechanism of pathogenesis. These challenges are magnified by presence of mutations that render individual proteins subject to misfolding and/or aggregation. Cell proteostasis network and molecular chaperoning are maintaining cell proteome to preserve the protein folding, refolding, oligomerization, or disaggregation, and play formidable tasks to maintain the health of organism in the face of developmental changes, environmental insults, and rigors of aging. Maintenance of cell proteome requires the orchestration of major pathways of the cellular proteostasis network (heat shock response (HSR) in the cytosol and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum). Proteostasis responses culminate in transcriptional and post‐transcriptional programs that up‐regulate the homeostatic mechanisms. Proteostasis is strongly influenced by the general properties of individual proteins for folding, misfolding, and aggregation. We examine a growing body of evidence establishing that when cellular proteostasis goes awry, it can be reestablished by deliberate chemical and biological interventions. We first try to introduce some new chemical approaches to prevent the misfolding or aggregation of specific proteins via direct binding interactions. We then start with approaches that employ chemicals or biological agents to enhance the general capacity of the proteostasis network. We finish with evidence that synergy is achieved with the combination of mechanistically distinct approaches to reestablish organ proteostasis. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(6):737–759, 2017
Randomized clinical trial of duct-to-mucosa versus invagination pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Senda Y , Shimizu Y , Natsume S , Ito S , Komori K , Abe T , Matsuo K , Sano T 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
The postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) rate for duct-to-mucosa and invagination anastomosis after pancreatoduodenectomy is still debated. The aim of this RCT was to investigate the POPF rate for duct-to-mucosa versus invagination pancreaticojejunostomy.

Methods
Patients were stratified by pancreatic texture and diameter of the main pancreatic duct and randomized to the duct-to-mucosa or invagination group. The primary endpoint was the rate of clinically relevant POPF (defined as grade B or C). Secondary endpoints were suture material cost for pancreaticojejunostomy, drain insertion duration and duration of postoperative hospital stay.

Results
Some 120 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were included following consent. Clinically relevant POPF developed in six of 59 patients (10 per cent) in the invagination group and in 14 of 61 patients (23 per cent) in the duct-to-mucosa group (P = 0·077). Duration of drain insertion (6 versus 7 days respectively; P = 0·027) and postoperative hospital stay (19 versus 24 days; P = 0·015) were shorter in the invagination group. Subgroup analysis for 61 patients with a soft pancreas revealed a lower rate of clinically relevant POPF in the invagination group (10 per cent versus 42 per cent in the duct-to-mucosa group; P = 0·010). Among 20 patients with a clinically relevant POPF, the six patients in the invagination group had a shorter duration of drain insertion (38·5 days versus 49 days for 14 patients in the duct-to-mucosa group; P = 0·028) and postoperative hospital stay (42 versus 54·5 days respectively; P = 0·028).

Conclusion
This study did not demonstrate a superiority of invagination over duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy in the risk of POPF. However, in high-risk patients with a soft pancreas, invagination may reduce the risk of clinically relevant POPF compared with duct-to-mucosa. Registration number: UMIN000005890 (http://www.umin.ac.jp).
Case report: photo‐onycholysis after PUVA treatment for hypopigmented mycosis fungoides with response to topical steroid
Authors: Tern Paul Jie Wen , Gass Julia 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageMelanin in the nail bed in patients with skin type VI has been suggested to afford some protection against photo‐onycholysis. We report a case of a 16‐year‐old male patient with skin type VI with onycholysis following PUVA treatment for hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. Symptoms resolved with the application of topical steroid.
Metastatic prostate cancer with bone marrow infiltration mimicking multiple myeloma
Authors: Mathur Pankaj , Alapat Daisy , Kumar Manoj , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageConcomitant diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer and a multiple myeloma in older male patients is challenging as both malignancies are usually associated with bone lesions. Exact knowledge, experience, and an interdisciplinary approach are required in order to differentiate between both malignancies and determine the exact treatment strategy.
Endovascular clot retrieval in extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST): a videographic report
Authors: Abid Muhammad Bilal , Sharma Vijay Kumar 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageUrgent anticoagulation, despite the presence of acute cerebral hematoma, improves survival as well as the prognosis. Surgical decompression is a life‐saving procedure and is required in a selected group of patients with considerable mass effect and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Endovascular thrombectomy is a novel approach to reduce the clot burden, achieve venous patency, and reduce ICP.
Oral nerve sheath myxoma: a rare and unusual intraoral neoplasm
Authors: Frydrych Agnieszka M. , Firth Norman A. 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe present a rare case of intraoral nerve sheath myxoma. Clinically, the neoplasm mimics many other oral mucosal pathosis, underscoring the importance of histopathology in ensuring accurate diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions. Reports of intraoral nerve sheath myxomas are essential to enhance our understanding of this rare intraoral entity.
Actin assembly mediated by a nucleation promoting factor WASH is involved in MTOC–TMA formation during Xenopus oocyte maturation
Authors: Yamagishi Yuka , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDuring Xenopus oocyte maturation, the microtubule organizing center and transient microtubule array (MTOC–TMA) forms at the vegetal side of the nucleus and we have previously demonstrated that this formation requires actin reorganization. However, the molecular mechanism that coordinates actin filaments with microtubules (MTs) during oocyte maturation is unknown. Here we show that the actin nucleation promoting factor WASH is involved in MTOC–TMA assembly. WASH depletion disrupted the alignment of actin filaments and MT at the base of MTOC–TMA. In vitro cosedimentation assays revealed that the Xenopus WASH VCA domain, which comprises the actin and Arp2/3 complex binding region, directly bound to MT but that the WHD2 domain, which had been previously reported to be an MT‐binding domain of mammalian WASH, did not. Injection of the WHD2‐deleted mutant into oocytes caused a drastic accumulation of actin filaments in the cytoplasm and malformation of MTOC–TMA, suggesting that the WHD2 domain negatively regulates the VCA domain activity during oocyte maturation. Our results suggest that WASH complex‐dependent actin nucleation is involved in the assembly of MTOC–TMA.
Pathways towards different long‐term outcomes after naturalistic psychotherapy
Authors: Ekroll Vidar Blokhus , Rønnestad Michael Helge 
Published: December 2017

This study suggests some potential pathways leading towards maintained gains or further growth versus deterioration after naturalistic psychotherapy with experienced clinicians. This is explored in a way that transcends specific theoretical orientations. Sixteen therapies, all showing reliable improvement on Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ‐45) at treatment termination but varying in later post‐therapy development, were included in this study. Building on previous content and correlational analyses, individual cases were explored qualitatively in search for developmental patterns of potential relevance for long‐term outcome. Patterns re‐emerging across several cases were described in light of the OQ‐45 trajectories of clients providing them. Six pathways, associated with different long‐term outcomes, emerged. Four of these, “Reflective route towards regulation of affects,” “Gaining autonomy through a secure holding relationship,” “Opening up as a new relational/emotional experience,” and “Lasting acceptance of «reality»,” re‐emerged in clients showing maintained/growing treatment effects. Two pathways, entitled “Residual problems grow and overshadow progress” and “Core problems remain beneath superficial change,” seemed linked to deterioration after termination of therapy. We suggest the former pathways as some possible routes towards enduring good outcome, and the latter as some patterns to avoid when trying to secure therapy gains will not be only temporary.
In Vitro Validation of miRNA‐Mediated Gene Expression Linked to Drug Metabolism
Authors: Shenoda Botros B. , Ramanathan Sujay , Ajit Seena K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPharmacogenomic approaches used to investigate how genes affect drug responses are critical for designing personalized therapies aimed at maximizing efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. Drug efficacy is often dependent on the sequence and expression levels of drug target genes or those involved in the metabolism and transport of the therapeutic agent. Expression of these genes, in turn, is negatively regulated by small noncoding miRNAs. The levels of miRNAs in bodily fluids have been studied extensively as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Studies have shown that miRNAs regulate multiple genes and sequence homology is used to predict which genes are subject to regulation by a particular miRNA. Once a gene is identified as a potential target for an miRNA of interest, experiments are undertaken to confirm that the miRNA interacts with the target gene and can alter its level of expression and/or its activity. For example, the differential expression of miRNAs in whole blood obtained from good and poor responders to ketamine has been reported both prior to, and following treatment for complex regional pain syndrome. In this case, hsa‐miR‐548d‐5p was significantly lower in poor responders relative to good responders. This miRNA was predicted to target UDP‐glucuronyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), a key drug metabolizing enzyme. Described in this unit are protocols used to confirm miR‐548d‐5p‐mediated UGT1A1 regulation. The approaches described can be employed broadly for the validation of miRNA‐mediated negative regulation of any gene. Determining miRNA‐mediated regulation of enzymes and transporters affecting drug metabolism is a critical step in designing personalized therapy and for understanding the mechanisms responsible for variations in the responses to therapeutic agents. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coexistence through mutualist‐dependent reversal of competitive hierarchies
Authors: Mehrparvar Mohsen , Zytynska Sharon E. , Balog Adalbert , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMechanisms that allow for the coexistence of two competing species that share a trophic level can be broadly divided into those that prevent competitive exclusion of one species within a local area, and those that allow for coexistence only at a regional level. While the presence of aphid‐tending ants can change the distribution of aphids among host plants, the role of mutualistic ants has not been fully explored to understand coexistence of multiple aphid species in a community. The tansy plant (Tanacetum vulgare) hosts three common and specialized aphid species, with only one being tended by ants. Often, these aphids species will not coexist on the same plant but will coexist across multiple plant hosts in a field. In this study, we aim to understand how interactions with mutualistic ants and predators affect the coexistence of multiple species of aphid herbivores on tansy. We show that the presence of ants drives community assembly at the level of individual plant, that is, the local community, by favoring one ant‐tended species, Metopeurum fuscoviride, while preying on the untended Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria and, to a lesser extent, Uroleucon tanaceti. Competitive hierarchies without ants were very different from those with ants. At the regional level, multiple tansy plants provide a habitat across which all aphid species can coexist at the larger spatial scale, while being competitively excluded at the local scale. In this case, ant mutualist‐dependent reversal of the competitive hierarchy can drive community dynamics in a plant–aphid system.
Interspecies introgressive hybridization in spiny frogsQuasipaa(Family Dicroglossidae) revealed by analyses on multiple mitochondrial and nuclear genes
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Peng , Hu Wen‐Fang , Zhou Ting‐Ting , Kong Shen‐Shen , Liu Zhi‐Fang , Zheng Rong‐Quan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntrogression may lead to discordant patterns of variation among loci and traits. For example, previous phylogeographic studies on the genusQuasipaadetected signs of genetic introgression from genetically and morphologically divergentQuasipaa shiniorQuasipaa spinosa. In this study, we used mitochondrial and nuclearDNAsequence data to verify the widespread introgressive hybridization in the closely related species of the genusQuasipaa, evaluate the level of genetic diversity, and reveal the formation mechanism of introgressive hybridization. In Longsheng, Guangxi Province, signs of asymmetrical nuclear introgression were detected betweenQuasipaa boulengeriandQ. shini. Unidirectional mitochondrial introgression was revealed fromQ. spinosatoQ. shini. By contrast, bidirectional mitochondrial gene introgression was detected betweenQ. spinosaandQ. shiniin Lushan, Jiangxi Province. Our study also detected ancient hybridizations between a femaleQ. spinosaand a maleQ. jiulongensisin Zhejiang Province. Analyses on mitochondrial and nuclear genes verified three candidate cryptic species inQ. spinosa, and a cryptic species may also exist inQ. boulengeri. However, no evidence of introgressive hybridization was found betweenQ. spinosaandQ. boulengeri.Quasipaa exilispinosafrom all the sampling localities appeared to be deeply divergent from other communities. Our results suggest widespread introgressive hybridization in closely related species ofQuasipaaand provide a fundamental basis for illumination of the forming mechanism of introgressive hybridization, classification of species, and biodiversity assessment inQuasipaa.
High annual survival in infected wildlife populations may veil a persistent extinction risk from disease
Authors: Maslo Brooke , Stringham Oliver C. , Bevan Amanda J. , Brumbaugh Amanda , Sanders Chris , Hall MacKenzie , Fefferman Nina H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHost response to emerging pathogens is variable, causing uncertainty about population‐level impacts and challenging effective disease management. White‐nose syndrome (WNS) has caused catastrophic declines in some bat species, while others appear less impacted. Developing predictive models based on observed survival patterns can generate testable hypotheses about mechanisms driving population dynamics and contribute to the development of targeted approaches to disease management. We conducted a mark–recapture study of federally endangered Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) during 2011–2016. Annual survival decreased from 0.78 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.89) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.86) for females and males, respectively, in 2011 to 0.74 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.94) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.89) for females and males, respectively, in 2015. We then modeled two explanatory mechanisms potentially driving the observed patterns: (1) phased exposure to disease through the spatial spread of the pathogen within the hibernaculum; and (2) cumulative mortality risk from iterative yearly WNS infection. Under a phased exposure scenario, models suggest that infected individuals have an average survival probability of 0.68, and disease prevalence is predicted to reach 100% within 9 yr of disease emergence. Under the cumulative mortality risk hypothesis, survival probability of individuals decreases with each infection cycle. In either case, infected populations are predicted to stabilize at a negative growth rate. Results suggest that Indiana bats tolerate a pathogen load prior to onset of infection, leading to a less pronounced population decline than for other susceptible species. However, the long‐term risk of WNS to Indiana bats may be more severe than current population trends suggest. To inform current conservation management, we performed a vital rate sensitivity analysis, which suggested that modest increases in survival (4–5%) through targeted intervention may return declining populations to stability (λ = 1.0). Demographic modeling approaches coupled with continued population monitoring can highlight important differences in disease response, and ultimately extinction risk, in host species allowing conservation practitioners to tailor intervention actions so that they will be most effective.
Community distance sampling models allowing for imperfect detection and temporary emigration
Authors: Yamaura Yuichi , Royle J. Andrew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent developments of community abundance models (CAMs) enable us to analyze communities subject to imperfect detection. However, existing CAMs assume spatial closure, that is, that individuals are always present in the sampling plots, which is often violated in field surveys. Violation of this assumption, such as in the presence of spatial temporary emigration, can lead to the underestimates of detection probability and overestimates of population densities and diversity metrics. Here, we propose a model that simultaneously accommodates both temporary emigration and imperfect detection by integrating CAMs and a form of hierarchical distance sampling for open populations. Expected values of species richness are obtained via the summation of occupancy (or incidence) probabilities, based on species‐level densities, across all species of the community. Simulations were used to examine the effects of spatial temporary emigration on the estimation of biological communities. We also applied the proposed model to empirical data and constructed area‐based rarefaction curves accounting for temporary emigration. Simulation experiments showed that temporary emigration can decrease the local species richness (α diversity) based on densities and increase the species turnover (β diversity). Raw species counts can overestimate or underestimate α diversity in the presence of temporary emigration, but the specific biases depend on the values of detection and emigration probabilities. Our newly proposed model yielded unbiased estimates of α, β, and γ diversity in the presence of temporary emigration. The application to empirical data suggested that accounting for temporary emigration lowered area‐based rarefaction curves because availability probabilities of individual species were estimated to be <1. Temporary emigration prevails in field surveys and has broad significance for understanding the ecology and function of biological communities and separation of imperfect detection and temporary emigration resolves long‐standing issues in the use of count data. We therefore suggest that the consideration of temporary emigration would contribute to understanding the nature and role of biological communities.
Effects of isolation on ant assemblages depend on microhabitat
Authors: Chen Xuan , Adams Benjamin , Layne Michael , Swarzenski Christopher , Norris David , Hooper‐Bùi Linda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHow isolation affects biological communities is a fundamental question in ecology and conservation biology. Local diversity (α) and regional diversity (γ) are consistently lower in insular areas. The pattern of species turnover (β diversity) and the influence of isolation on competitive interactions are less predictable. Differences in communities across microhabitats within an isolated patch could contribute to the variability in patterns related to isolation. Trees form characteristically dense and sparse patches (low vs. high isolation) in floating marshes in coastal Louisiana, and canopy and root areas around these trees could support distinct ant communities. Consequently, trees in floating marshes provide an ideal environment to study the effects of isolation on community assemblages in different microhabitats. We sampled ant communities in 120 trees during the summer of 2016. We found ant α diversity was not different between the canopy and roots, and the magnitude and directional effects of isolation on ants were inconsistent between the canopy and root areas. In the roots of sparse sites, ant diversity (α, β, and γ) was lower, species composition was changed, and the signature of interspecific competition was more prominent compared to dense sites. In the canopy, however, significant differences between dense and sparse sites were only detected in α and γ diversity, and ant species co‐occurrence was not significantly different from a random distribution. The inconsistent responses of ants in canopy and root areas to isolation may be due to the differences of species pool size, environmental harshness, and species interactions between strata. In addition, these findings indicate that communities in distinct microenvironments can respond differentially to habitat isolation. We suggest incorporating organisms from different microhabitats into future research to better understand the influence of isolation on the assembly of biological communities.