bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of click coupled graphene oxide sheets with three‐dimensional macromolecules
Authors: Mahapatra Sibdas Singha , Ramasamy Madeshwaran Sekkarapatti , Yoo Hye Jin , Yi Dong Hun , Cho Jae Whan 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTA facile click chemistry approach to the functionalization of three‐dimensional hyperbranched polyurethane (HPU) to graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets is presented. HPU‐functionalized GO samples of various compositions were synthesized by reacting alkyne‐functionalized HPU with azide‐functionalized GO sheets. The morphological characterization of the HPU‐functionalized GO was performed using transmission electron microscopy and its chemical characterization was carried out using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The graphene sheet surfaces were highly functionalized, leading to improved solubility in organic solvents, and consequently, enhanced mechanical, thermal, and thermoresponsive and photothermal shape memory properties. The strategy reported herein provides a very efficient method for regulating composite properties and producing high performance materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43358.
Composite membranes of chitosan and titania‐coated carbon nanotubes as promising materials for new proton‐exchange membranes
Authors: Liu Hai , Wang Jie , Wen Sheng , Gong Chunli , Cheng Fan , Wang Guangjin , Zheng Genwen , Qin Caiqin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTitania‐coated carbon nanotubes (TCNTs) were obtained by a simple sol–gel method. Then chitosan/TCNT (CS/TCNT) composite membranes were prepared by stirring chitosan/acetic acid and a TCNT/ethanol suspension. The morphology, thermal and oxidative stabilities, water uptake and proton conductivity, and mechanical properties of CS/TCNT composite membranes were investigated. The CNTs coated with an insulated and hydrophilic titania layer eliminated the risk of electronic short‐circuiting. Moreover, the titania layer enhanced the interaction between TCNTs and chitosan to ensure the homogenous dispersion of TCNTs in the chitosan matrix. The water uptake of CS/TCNT composite membranes was reduced owing to the decrease of the effective number of the NH2 functional groups of chitosan. However, the CS/TCNT composite membranes exhibited better performance than a pure CS membrane in thermal and oxidative stability, proton conductivity, and mechanical properties. These results suggest that CS/TCNT composite membranes are promising materials for new proton‐exchange membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43365.
Description of second flow field via the deformation of polystyrene phase in high‐density polyethylene matrix
Authors: Zhang Quan‐Ping , Xia Xiao-Chao , He Shan , Feng Jian-Min , Yang Ming‐Bo , Li Yin-Tao , Zhou Yuan-Lin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTReal flow field has been critical in all kinds of injection molding, not only for understanding morphological evolution, but also for tailoring polymer physical property. Since the relaxation of PS phase in the HDPE matrix is successfully retarded by introduction of additional gas cooling, here, the second flow field in gas‐assisted injection molding is first calculated with the classical models for predicting the shapes of dispersed droplets in immiscible blend. The results indicate high gas penetration pressure facilitates strong second flow field. Gas penetration time is inversely proportional to the triggered flow intensity, which can be used for the qualitative comparison of the flow fields under various conditions. Importantly, the flow field can be designed by tailoring melt advancing rate, such as the penetration power and/or the penetration resistance of second fluid, which contributes to realizing the optimum coupling between external fields and chain architectures. Besides, this work opens a window for the understanding of real flow field under various processing conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43374.
Influence of epichlorohydrin content on structure and properties of high‐ortho phenolic epoxy fibers
Authors: Jiao Mingli , Yang Kai , Cao Jian , Diao Quan , Zhang Wangxi , Yu Muhuo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe high‐ortho phenolic epoxy fibers (HPEFs) were prepared by the crosslinking of heat‐meltable spun filaments derived from melt‐spinning of the novolac epoxy resins copolymerized among phenol, formaldehyde, and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in the presence of zinc acetate and sulfuric acid catalyst, and cured in a combined solution of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid. The resulting fibers were heat‐treated in N2 at elevated temperature. Infrared (IR) spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrical tensile strength apparatus were employed to characterize the change of functional groups, thermal performance, microstructure of fibers, and mechanical properties. The results show that the addition of ECH in the precursor resin can increase the content of long alkyl ether linkage, and gain the peak of thermal stability and mechanical strength. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43375.
Effective incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into polyamide thin‐film composite membranes
Authors: Kim Seong‐Joong , Lee Pyung‐Soo , Bano Saira , Park You‐In , Nam Seung‐Eun , Lee Kew‐Ho 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of TiO2 nanoparticles in improving the performance of polyamide (PA) thin‐film composite (TFC) membranes has been investigated. PA TFC membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization with m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,3,5‐benzene tricarbonyl trichloride (TMC) where TiO2 particles were added during and after interfacial polymerization. To distribute the TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly in the PA films, colloidally stable TiO2 sols were synthesized and added to the aqueous MPD solution rather than to an organic TMC solution. Through the use of different incorporation methods, TiO2 particles were located on the top surface, in PA film layer, and in both positions. In the case of dense PA layers, the hydrophilicity of the membranes was significantly improved due to the presence of TiO2 particles, resulting in an increased water flux. On the other hand, the enhancement of water flux was less significant when TiO2 particles were incorporated into a loose PA film that was prepared with additives. In addition, a BSA fouling test confirmed that TiO2 nanoparticles effectively improve the antifouling properties of the membranes for both dense and loose PA films. This effect is possibly due to increased hydrophilicity, covering of the fouling space, and a reduction in surface roughness. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43383.
Effect of different organic amino cations on SAPO‐34 for PES/SAPO‐34 mixed matrix membranes toward CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Ahmad N. N. R. , Mukhtar H. , Mohshim D. F. , Nasir R. , Man Z. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) embedded with functionalized SAPO‐34 were successfully synthesized and characterized. Two different types of organic amino cation, namely ethylenediamine (EDA) and hexylamine (HA), were used to functionalize SAPO‐34 particles prior to MMM synthesis. In this work, the effects of different functionalizing agents on the membrane morphology, pore size, and CO2/CH4 gas separation properties were investigated. Surface modification of SAPO‐34 was confirmed via X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) where the presence of nitrogen atom was observed for the samples functionalized with amino cations. The dispersion of EDA‐functionalized SAPO‐34 particles was found to have better polymer/filler interface morphology as shown by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The gas separation performance revealed that PES containing EDA‐functionalized SAPO‐34 exhibited better CO2/CH4 separation performance as compared to the MMMs containing HA‐functionalized SAPO‐34. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43387.
Randomized clinical trial of chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation versus partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria
Authors: Liu H , Wang Z-G , Fu S-Y , Li A-J , Pan Z-Y , Zhou W-P , Lau W-Y , Wu M-C 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to compare sequential treatment by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria.

Methods
In a randomized clinical trial, patients with HCC within the Milan criteria were included and randomized 1 : 1 to the partial hepatectomy group or the TACE + RFA group. The primary outcome was overall survival and the secondary outcome was recurrence-free survival.

Results
Two hundred patients were enrolled. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 97·0, 83·7 and 61·9 per cent for the partial hepatectomy group, and 96·0, 67·2 and 45·7 per cent for the TACE + RFA group (P = 0·007). The 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 94·0, 68·2 and 48·4 per cent, and 83·0, 44·9 and 35·5 per cent respectively (P = 0·026). On Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, HBV-DNA (hazard ratio (HR) 1·76; P = 0·006), platelet count (HR 1·00; P = 0·017) and tumour size (HR 1·90; P &lt; 0·001) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival, and HBV-DNA (HR 1·61; P = 0·036) was a risk factor for overall survival. The incidence of complications in the partial hepatectomy group was higher than in the TACE + RFA group (23·0 versus 11·0 per cent respectively; P = 0·024).

Conclusion
For patients with HCC within the Milan criteria, partial hepatectomy was associated with better overall and recurrence-free survival than sequential treatment with TACE and RFA. Registration number: ACTRN12611000770965 (http://www.anzctr.org.au/).
Extraction, chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods for lipid analysis
Authors: Pati Sumitra , Nie Ben , Arnold Robert D. , Cummings Brian S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLipids make up a diverse subset of biomolecules that are responsible for mediating a variety of structural and functional properties as well as modulating cellular functions such as trafficking, regulation of membrane proteins and subcellular compartmentalization. In particular, phospholipids are the main constituents of biological membranes and play major roles in cellular processes like transmembrane signaling and structural dynamics. The chemical and structural variety of lipids makes analysis using a single experimental approach quite challenging. Research in the field relies on the use of multiple techniques to detect and quantify components of cellular lipidomes as well as determine structural features and cellular organization. Understanding these features can allow researchers to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms by which lipid–lipid and/or lipid–protein interactions take place within the conditions of study. Herein, we provide an overview of essential methods for the examination of lipids, including extraction methods, chromatographic techniques and approaches for mass spectrometric analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersive solid‐phase extraction procedure coupled to UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis for the simultaneous determination of thirteen cytotoxic drugs in human urine
Authors: Fabrizi Giovanni , Fioretti Marzia , Mainero Rocca Lucia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA fast and easy tailored dispersive solid‐phase extraction (d‐SPE) procedure has been developed for the determination of 13 cytostatic drugs. Combined with a rapid and simultaneous ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for residue identification and quantification in urine, it has been fully validated and tested to study a realistic situation in working environment. The target compounds were chosen from the most common classes used in hospitals. The d‐SPE adsorbent was obtained mixing Oasis HLB® with C18 and applied to a large volume of sample (10 mL). The electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry acquisition was conducted in a mixed period mode: six acquisition windows were in positive ionization and one in negative (for 5‐fluorouracil). The lowest limit of quantification was found at 0.04 μg/L urine for methotrexate. The absolute recovery of cytotoxic drugs was assessed at two concentrations levels and ranged from 67.1% (cytarabine) to 102.3% (etoposide) and from 65.3% (cytarabine) to 101.2% (methotrexate) for the lower and higher levels, respectively, with the relative standard deviation always <12%. This method gives the opportunity to analyze drugs in a wide molecular weight range (from 130 to 853 a.m.u.) and in a complex matrix, such as urine, without losing any of the features that a method intended for trace quantification must have. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sp1‐mediated ectopic expression of T‐cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yen Wei‐Hsuan , Ke Wu‐Sian , Hung Jan‐Jong , Chen Tsung‐Ming , Chen Jia‐Shing , Sun H. S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractT‐cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) is a neuron‐specific protein that has been found ectopically expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results from clinical specimens and cellular and animal models have shown that the short form of TIAM2 (TIAM2S) functions as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of liver cancer. However, the regulation of TIAM2S ectopic expression in HCC cells remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the mechanism underlying the ectopic expression of TIAM2S in liver cancer cells. In this report, we provide evidence illustrating that Sp1 binds directly to the GC box located in the TIAM2S core promoter. We further demonstrated that overexpression of Sp1 in HepaRG cells promotes endogenous TIAM2S mRNA and protein expressions, and knockdown of Sp1 in 2 HCC cell lines, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5, led to a substantial reduction in TIAM2S mRNA and protein in these cells. Of 60 paired HCC samples, 70% showed a significant increase (from 1.1‐ to 3.6‐fold) in Sp1 protein expression in the tumor cells. The elevated Sp1 expression was highly correlated with both TIAM2S mRNA and protein expressions in these samples. Together, these results illustrate that Sp1 positively controls TIAM2S transcription and that Sp1‐mediated transcriptional activation is essential for TIAM2S ectopic expression in liver cancer cells.
Triage of patients with AUS/FLUS on thyroid cytopathology: effectiveness of the multimodal diagnostic techniques
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Jeong Dae Joon , Hahn Soo Yeon , Shin Jung Hee , Oh Young Lyun , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Jong‐Won , Jang Ju Young , Cho Yoon Young , Chung Jae Hoon , Kim Sun Wook 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe management of patients with thyroid cytopathologic diagnosis of atypia (or follicular lesion) of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is a complex clinical problem. The purpose of this study was to develop a practical triage scheme based on multiple diagnostic tests in general use. We performed a retrospective cohort study involving 15,335 consecutive patients with a referral diagnosis of thyroid nodule between April 2011 and March 2015 using an institutional database. We obtained 904 patients with an initial cytopathologic diagnosis of AUS/FLUS who underwent repeat fine‐needle aspiration or core needle biopsy, 388 of whom had a corresponding histopathological diagnosis for excised index lesions. The diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US) findings, repeat biopsy, and BRAFV600E mutation in cytopathologic specimens were evaluated individually or as a set. Of the 388 resected AUS/FLUS cases, 338 (87.1%) were thyroid cancer. The positive likelihood ratios (LRs) for BRAFV600E mutation and repeat biopsy result of suspicious for malignant cell (SMC) or worse were 11.6 (95% CI = 1.7–77.8) and 13.7 (95% CI = 4.6–41.0), respectively. The absence of suspicious findings on US combined with cytologic result of less than SMC or negative BRAFV600E mutation produced negative LRs ranging from 0.06 to 0.15, corresponding to negative predictive values of over 90% in both primary and referral settings. For patients with AUS/FLUS cytopathology, clinical decision making can be guided by a simple triage scheme based on US findings, repeat biopsy, or BRAFV600E mutation.
Phytotoxic Effects and Phytochemical Fingerprinting of Hydrodistilled Oil, Enriched Fractions, and Isolated Compounds Obtained from Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm. Bark
Authors: Rolli Enrico , Marieschi Matteo , Maietti Silvia , Guerrini Alessandra , Grandini Alessandro , Sacchetti Gianni , Bruni Renato 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe hydrodistilled oil of Cryptocarya massoy bark was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, allowing the identification of unusual C10 massoia lactone (3, 56.2%), C12 massoia lactone (4, 16.5%), benzyl benzoate (1, 12.7%), C8 massoia lactone (3.4%), δ‐decalactone (5, 1.5%), and benzyl salicylate (2, 1.8%) as main constituents. The phytotoxic activities of the oil, three enriched fractions (lactone‐rich, ester‐rich, and sesquiterpene‐rich), and four constituents (compounds 1, 2, 5, and δ‐dodecalactone (6)) against Lycopersicon esculentum and Cucumis sativus seeds and seedlings were screened. At a concentration of 1000 μl/l, the essential oil and the massoia lactone‐rich fraction caused a complete inhibition of the germination of both seeds, and, when applied on tomato plantlets, they induced an 85 and 100% dieback, respectively. These performances exceeded those of the well‐known phytotoxic essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus, already used in commercial products for the weed and pest management. The same substances were also evaluated against four phytopathogenic bacteria and ten phytopathogenic fungi, providing EC50 values against the most susceptible strains in the 100–500 μl/l range for the essential oil and in the 10–50 μl/l range for compound 6 and the lactone‐rich fraction. The phytotoxic behavior was related mainly to massoia lactones and benzyl esters, while a greater amount of 6 may infer a good activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. Further investigations of these secondary metabolites are warranted, to evaluate their use as natural herbicides.
Antifungal and Herbicidal Effects of Fruit Essential Oils of Four Myrtus communis Genotypes
Authors: Kordali Saban , Usanmaz Ayse , Cakir Ahmet , Komaki Amanmohammad , Ercisli Sezai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the fruits of four selected Myrtus communis L. genotypes from Turkey was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. 1,8‐Cineole (29.20–31.40%), linalool (15.67–19.13%), α‐terpineol (8.40–18.43%), α‐pinene (6.04–20.71%), and geranyl acetate (3.98–7.54%) were found to be the major constituents of the fruit essential oils of all M. communis genotypes investigated. The oils were characterized by high amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes, representing 73.02–83.83% of the total oil compositions. The results of the fungal growth inhibition assays showed that the oils inhibited the growth of 19 phytopathogenic fungi. However, their antifungal activity was generally lower than that of the commercial pesticide benomyl. The herbicidal effects of the oils on the seed germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Lactuca serriola L., and Rumex crispus L. were also determined. The oils completely or partly inhibited the seed germinations and seedling growths of the plants. The findings of the present study suggest that the M. communis essential oils might have potential to be used as natural herbicides as well as fungicides.
En Route to New Therapeutic Options for Iron Overload Diseases: Matriptase‐2 as a Target for Kunitz‐Type Inhibitors
Authors: Beckmann Anna‐Madeleine , Maurer Eva , Lülsdorff Verena , Wilms Annika , Furtmann Norbert , Bajorath Jürgen , Gütschow Michael , Stirnberg Marit 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe cell‐surface serine protease matriptase‐2 is a critical stimulator of iron absorption by negatively regulating hepcidin, the key hormone of iron homeostasis. Thus, it has attracted much attention as a target in primary and secondary iron overload diseases. Here, we have characterised Kunitz‐type inhibitors hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI‐1) and HAI‐2 as powerful, slow‐binding matriptase‐2 inhibitors. The binding modes of the matriptase‐2–HAI complexes were suggested by molecular modelling. Different assays, including cell‐free and cell‐based measurements of matriptase‐2 activity, determination of inhibition constants and evaluation of matriptase‐2 inhibition by analysis of downstream effects in human liver cells, demonstrated that matriptase‐2 is an excellent target for Kunitz inhibitors. In particular, HAI‐2 is considered a promising scaffold for the design of potent and selective matriptase‐2 inhibitors.
Template‐Directed Ordered Mesoporous Silica@Palladium‐Containing Zinc Metal–Organic Framework Composites as Highly Efficient Suzuki Coupling Catalysts
Authors: Yang Ying , Cong Daoyong , Hao Shijie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report a new type of ordered mesoporous silica@Pd‐containing Zn metal–organic framework composites (OMS@Pd‐ZnMOF) synthesized directly by cooperative template‐directed self‐assembly. The growth of Pd‐ZnMOF crystals on the bare surface of in situ generated silica spheres is achieved based on a surface‐charge‐induced epitaxial growth mechanism. The catalytic properties of the resulting OMS@Pd‐ZnMOF composites can be tailored by the variation of the Pd/(Pd+Zn) molar ratio in the synthetic gel, and OMS@Pd‐ZnMOF‐5 % (which corresponds to 1.2 wt % Pd) shows a wide substrate scope and is highly active and stable in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions.
State‐of‐the‐Art of Advanced Distillation Technologies in China
Authors: Li Hong , Wu Yan , Li Xingang , Gao Xin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFocusing on energy conservation and process intensification, a comprehensive overview of advanced distillation technologies in the past four decades in China is presented. Novel trays, packings, and gas and liquid distributors based on the fundamentals of such technologies are described. Hybrid distillation and distillation assisted by an external force field on the basis of process intensification principles like reactive distillation, extractive distillation, Higee technology, microwave‐assisted distillation, etc. are reported. Energy‐saving technologies such as dividing‐wall column and internally heat integrated distillation column together with some important examples regarding the industrial application of advanced distillation technologies are evaluated. As a guide to develop distillation processes, a green distillation concept is proposed. Future perspectives of distillation techniques in China are indicated.