bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Water-Alternating-Gas and Simultaneous-Water-and-Gas Displacements for Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery and Storage
Authors: Kamali Fatemeh , Hussain Furqan , Cinar Yildiray 
Published: August 2016

Summary
This paper presents an experimental and numerical study that delineates the co-optimization of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in water-alternating-gas (WAG) and simultaneous-water-and-gas (SWAG) injection schemes. Various miscibility conditions and injection schemes are investigated. Experiments are conducted on a homogeneous, outcrop Bentheimer sandstone sample. A mixture of hexane (C6) and decane (C10) is used for the oil phase. Experiments are run at 70°C and three different pressures (1,300, 1,700, and 2,100 psi) to represent immiscible, near-miscible, and miscible displacements, respectively. WAG displacements are performed at a WAG ratio of 1:1, and a fractional gas injection (FGI) of 0.5 is used for SWAG displacements. The effect of varying FGI is also examined for the near-miscible SWAG displacement. Oil recovery, differential pressure, and compositions are recorded during experiments. A co-optimization function for CO2 storage and incremental oil production is defined and calculated by use of the measured data for each experiment. The results of SWAG and WAG displacements are compared with the experimental data of continuous-gas-injection (CGI) displacements. A compositional commercial reservoir simulator is used to examine the recovery mechanisms and the effect of mobile water on gas mobility.
Experimental observations demonstrate that the WAG displacements generally yield higher co-optimization function than CGI and SWAG with FGI = 0.5 displacements. Numerical simulations show a remarkable reduction in gas relative permeability for the WAG and SWAG displacements compared with CGI displacements, as a result of which the vertical-sweep efficiency of CO2 is improved. More reduction of gas relative permeability is observed in the miscible and near-miscible displacements than in the immiscible displacement. The reduced gas relative permeability lowers the water-shielding effect, thereby enhancing oil recovery and CO2-storage efficiency. More water-shielding effect is observed in SWAG with FGI = 0.5 than in WAG. However, increasing FGI from 0.5 to 0.75 in the near-miscible SWAG displacement shows a significant increase in oil recovery, which is attributed to reduced water-shielding effect. So, an optimal FGI needs to be determined to minimize the water-shielding effect for efficient SWAG displacements.
Linking Soil Shrinkage Behavior and Cracking in Two Paddy Soils as Affected by Wetting and Drying Cycles
Authors: Peng X. , Zhang Z.B. , Gan L. , Yoshida S. 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
Paddy soil shrinkage behaviors and cracking patterns were significantly influenced by wetting and drying cycles.
Wetting and drying (WD) intensity had a greater impact on soil shrinkage than WD frequency and sequence.
The crack area can be better predicted by shrinkage curve when considering wetting and drying cycles.
The geometry factor is linked to soil shrinkage and cracking.
Linking soil shrinkage and cracking
Soil cracks develop in paddy soils during wetting and drying (WD) cycles. Although changes in soil structure related to cracking have often been described as soil shrinkage, the relationship between soil shrinkage and cracking remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate how WD cycles affect soil shrinkage and cracking and to establish a link between soil shrinkage in the laboratory and cracking in the field. Two paddy fields (one young paddy field and one old paddy field) were subjected to multiple WD cycles during rice growth. Soil cracks were photographed in the field, and the area density (Dc), compactness of cracks (CP), and equivalent width (EW) of the cracks were analyzed. The shrinkage curves of soil cores that were sampled in the two paddy fields were determined after they were subjected to various laboratory‐based simulated WD cycles (including variations in intensity, frequency, and sequence). To estimate soil cracking, three parameterizations based on the shrinkage curves of the soil cores treated with non‐predrying (Parameterization A), slight drying (Parameterization B), and intense drying (Parameterization C) were established. The YPF soil presented greater Dc and CP than the OPF soil (P < 0.05), whereas the OPF soil exhibited greater EW and coefficient of linear extensibility (P < 0.05). Area density was not only affected by the current soil water content or by the previous drying history. As the number of WD cycles increased, equivalent width generally increased, whereas CP decreased. The intensity of the WD cycles affected shrinkage more than the frequency or sequence. The fitted geometry factor, rs, decreased from Parameterization A to Parameterization C for both soils. The Dc values were more accurately estimated by using soil shrinkage curves that included the intensity of the WD cycles. Our results demonstrate that the soil shrinkage curve associated with rs can better predict cracking when the effects of WD cycles are considered.
Main approaches to the study of loss
Authors: Burina Ekaterina Aleksandrovna 
Published: August 2016

This article presents the main approaches to the concepts of grief and loss study. The article describes the contribution of E. Lindemann, Z. Freud, J. Bowlby, F.E. Vasiluk, and E. Kubler-Ross. The research also contains the main forms of grief and some stadial models within the scope of problematics.
Main Reasons of Structural Wall Collapse in Chile 2010 and New Zealand 2011 - Implications For Ecuador
Authors: Aguilar Maria Cristina Avalos , Haro Ana Gabriela , Sánchez Pablo Caiza 
Published: August 2016

Previous works on the earthquakes of Chile 2010 and New Zealand 2011 indicate regular behavior of reinforced concrete buildings with structural walls. However, some buildings suffered significant damage associated with global or local collapse due to diagonal cracking and flexural-compression failure. Structural walls located at the ground floor presented tension-compression failure was probably provoked by high axial forces at the walls extreme ends which could cause this failure in places where there is a lack of bracing and confinement.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of the reinforced concrete structural wall buildings that failed in the mentioned earthquakes, and identify some of the main reasons that caused the damage as an attempt to improve engineering practices in Ecuador to prevent catastrophic events.
Frailty Characteristics in Chronic HIV Patients are Markers of White Matter Atrophy Independently of Age and Depressive Symptoms: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kallianpur Kalpana J. , Sakoda Marissa , Gangcuangco Louie Mar A. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Umaki Tracie , Chow Dominic , Wongjittraporn Suwarat , Shikuma Cecilia M. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Chronic HIV disease is associated with neurocognitive impairment and age-related conditions such as frailty.Objective:To determine whether regional brain volumetric changes correlate with frailty parameters in older (≥ 40 years) HIV+ patients on stable combination antiretroviral therapy.Method:Thirty-five HIV-infected participants in the Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort - Cardiovascular Disease study underwent T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging, frailty assessment and neuropsychological testing. Five physical frailty traits were assessed: low physical activity; exhaustion; unintentional weight loss; weak hand grip strength; slow walking speed. Linear regression quantified cross-sectional relationships of 12 brain regions to walking times and hand grip strength.Results:Participants were 50.6 ± 6.8 years old and 77% had undetectable plasma viral load. One subject was frail (possessing ≥ 3 frailty traits); 23% were pre-frail (1–2 frailty traits) and had worse composite learning and memory z-scores than did non-frail individuals (p=0.06). Pre-frail or frail subjects had reduced hand grip strength relative to the non-frail group (p=0.001). Longer walking times (slower gait) related independently to lower volumes of cerebellar white matter (p<0.001, β=−0.6) and subcortical gray matter (p<0.05, β=−0.30). Reduced thalamus volume was linked to weaker grip strength (p< 0.05, β=0.4). Caudate volume was negatively associated with grip strength (p<0.01, β=−0.5).Conclusion:Volumetric changes in cerebellar white matter and subcortical gray matter, brain regions involved in motor control and cognition, may be connected to frailty development in well-controlled HIV. Gait speed is particularly sensitive to white matter alterations and should be investigated as a predictor of frailty and brain atrophy in chronically infected patients.
Pengasuh berhubungan dengan keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada baduta di Kecamatan Sedayu
Authors: Nurunniyah Siti , Sugesti Dian Tri 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em><strong>Background</strong>: The success of exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by several factors. One of them is the care taker contacts of children and old nursing mothers with children. Many mothers who leave their children because of work. It makes contact duration of mothers with their children becomes limited.</em></p><p><em><strong>Objectives</strong>: This research aimed to determine the relationship between parenting with the success of exclusive breastfeeding in District of Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.</em></p><p><em><strong>Methods</strong>: This research was quantitative analytical approach and reinforced with qualitative approach. This study used cross sectional design. The population in this study were all mothers with the children under two years old in the District of Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The samples used in this study were 292 respondents that were selected by using techniques of probability proportional to size (PPS). Data were then collected using questionnaires and analyzed by using chi-square. </em></p><p><em><strong>Results</strong>: There was significant relationship between parenting with the success of exclusive breastfeeding (p=0,019).</em></p><p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong>: There was relationship between parenting with the success of exclusive breastfeeding</em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong><em>:parenting, care taker, exclusive breastfeeding</em></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em><strong>Latar belakang</strong>: Keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pengasuh utama anak dan lama kontak ibu menyusui dengan anak. Banyak ibu yang menitipkan anaknya karena bekerja, sehingga lama kontak ibu menyusui dengan anak menjadi terbatas.</em></p><p><em><strong>Tujuan</strong>: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola asuh dengan keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Kecamatan Sedayu, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta.</em></p><p><em><strong>Metode</strong>: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan diperkuat dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki anak di bawah umur dua tahun (baduta) di Kecamatan Sedayu.Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 292 responden menggunakan teknik probability propotional to size (PPS).Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-square.</em></p><p><em><strong>Hasil</strong>: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengasuh dengan pemberian ASI secara eksklusif (p=0,019).</em></p><p><em><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Ada hubungan antara pengasuh dengan pemberian ASI secara eksklusif.</em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong><em>:pola asuh, pengasuh, ASI eksklusif</em></p>
Short-term Effects of Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Versus Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Gastaldelli Amalia , Iaconelli Amerigo , Gaggini Melania , Magnone Maria Chiara , Veneziani Augusto , Rubino Francesco , Mingrone Geltrude 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Bariatric surgery has been shown to have important long-term metabolic effects resulting in enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes. The contribution of reduced caloric intake to these beneficial effects of surgery remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term effects (1 week) of bariatric surgical procedures with a very low caloric intake (VLCI) on insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion (ISR) in nondiabetic obese subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty obese patients without diabetes (BMI 44.2 ± 0.7 kg/m2) were admitted to the clinic for 1 week. At baseline and 1 week after VLCI (600 kcal/day), subjects received a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with tracer infusion to quantify endogenous glucose production (EGP), lipolysis (rate of appearance of glycerol [RaGlycerol]), peripheral insulin sensitivity (insulin-stimulated glucose disposal [M value] divided by the steady-state plasma insulin concentration [M/I]), hepatic insulin sensitivity (Hep-IS [= 1/(EGP ⋅ insulin)]), and adipose insulin sensitivity (Adipo-IS [= 1/(RaGlycerol ⋅ insulin)]). An intravenous glucose bolus was administered at the end of the insulin clamp to measure ISR and β-cell function (disposition index [DI]). Approximately 3 months later, patients were admitted for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) (n = 10) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 10), and were restudied 1 week after surgery under the same caloric regimen (600 kcal/day).

RESULTS
After 1 week of VLCI, patients lost 2.1 kg without significant changes in Hep-IS, Adipo-IS, M/I, or DI. RYGB and LAGB led to greater weight loss (5.5 and 5.2 kg, respectively) and to significant improvement in Hep-IS, EGP, and lipolysis. Only RYGB improved Adipo-IS and M/I. No change in ISR or DI was observed in either surgical group.

CONCLUSIONS
Bariatric surgery improves IS within 1 week. These metabolic effects were independent of caloric intake and more pronounced after RYGB compared with LAGB.
Randomized Controlled Study of Metformin and Sitagliptin on Long-term Normoglycemia Remission in African American Patients With Hyperglycemic Crises
Authors: Vellanki Priyathama , Smiley Dawn D. , Stefanovski Darko , Anzola Isabel , Duan Wenlan , Hudson Megan , Peng Limin , Pasquel Francisco J. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
After intensive insulin treatment, many obese African American patients with new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hyperglycemia are able to achieve near-normoglycemia remission. The optimal treatment to prevent hyperglycemic relapses after remission is not known.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective, 4-year, placebo-controlled study randomly assigned 48 African American subjects with DKA and severe hyperglycemia to metformin 1,000 mg daily (n = 17), sitagliptin 100 mg daily (n = 16), or placebo (n = 15) after normoglycemia remission. Hyperglycemic relapse was defined as fasting glucose &gt;130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) and HbA1c &gt;7.0% (53 mmol/mol). Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted at randomization and at 3 months and then every 6 months for a median of 331 days. Oral minimal model and incremental area under the curve for insulin (AUCi) were used to calculate insulin sensitivity (Si) and β-cell function, respectively. Disposition index (DI) was calculated as a product of Si and incremental AUCi.

RESULTS
Relapse-free survival was higher in sitagliptin and metformin (P = 0.015) compared with placebo, and mean time to relapse was significantly prolonged in the metformin and sitagliptin groups compared with the placebo group (480 vs. 305 days, P = 0.004). The probability of relapse was significantly lower for metformin (hazard ratio 0.28 [95% CI 0.10–0.81]) and sitagliptin (0.31 [0.10–0.98]) than for placebo. Subjects who remained in remission had a higher DI (P = 0.02) and incremental AUCi (P &lt; 0.001) than those with hyperglycemia relapse without significant changes in Si.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that near-normoglycemia remission was similarly prolonged by treatment with sitagliptin and metformin. The prolongation of remission was due to improvement in β-cell function.
Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study
Authors: Jadoon Khalid A. , Ratcliffe Stuart H. , Barrett David A. , Thomas E. Louise , Stott Colin , Bell Jimmy D. , O’Sullivan Saoirse E. , Tan Garry D. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) are nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoids affecting lipid and glucose metabolism in animal models. This study set out to examine the effects of these compounds in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 62 subjects with noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes were randomized to five treatment arms: CBD (100 mg twice daily), THCV (5 mg twice daily), 1:1 ratio of CBD and THCV (5 mg/5 mg, twice daily), 20:1 ratio of CBD and THCV (100 mg/5 mg, twice daily), or matched placebo for 13 weeks. The primary end point was a change in HDL-cholesterol concentrations from baseline. Secondary/tertiary end points included changes in glycemic control, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, body weight, liver triglyceride content, adipose tissue distribution, appetite, markers of inflammation, markers of vascular function, gut hormones, circulating endocannabinoids, and adipokine concentrations. Safety and tolerability end points were also evaluated.

RESULTS
Compared with placebo, THCV significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (estimated treatment difference [ETD] = −1.2 mmol/L; P &lt; 0.05) and improved pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA2 β-cell function [ETD = −44.51 points; P &lt; 0.01]), adiponectin (ETD = −5.9 × 106 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.01), and apolipoprotein A (ETD = −6.02 μmol/L; P &lt; 0.05), although plasma HDL was unaffected. Compared with baseline (but not placebo), CBD decreased resistin (−898 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.05) and increased glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (21.9 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.05). None of the combination treatments had a significant impact on end points. CBD and THCV were well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
THCV could represent a new therapeutic agent in glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Myasthenia Gravis: Unusual Presentations and Diagnostic Pitfalls
Authors: Rodolico Carmelo , Parisi Daniela , Portaro Simona , Biasini Fiammetta , Sinicropi Stefano , Ciranni Annamaria , Toscano Antonio , Messina Sonia , Musumeci Olimpia , Vita Giuseppe , Girlanda Paolo 
Published: August 2016

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder presenting with fluctuating, fatigable muscle weakness. Initial symptoms classically involve ocular and proximal limb muscles. Rarely, MG may onset with unusual features, so it can be misdiagnosed with other neuromuscular diseases. Objective: To describe unusual and atypical presentations of MG in a large cohort of patients, considering and discussing diagnostic difficulties and pitfalls. Methods: We report on 21 out of 508 MG patients, coming to our department in the last 27 years and presenting with atypical or unusual features. The diagnosis was achieved performing a careful clinical examination, a proper neurophysiological assessment, the neostigmine test, the AChR and MuSK antibodies assay and chest CT-scan. Results: Patients with atypical/unusual MG onset were the 4.4% of all MG patients population. We describe seven different clinical categories: asymmetric distal upper limbs weakness, foot drop, isolated triceps brachii weakness and foot drop, post exertional axial weakness with dropped head, acute facial dyplegia, limb-girdle MG and MG with sudden lower limbs weakness and recurrent falls. Conclusions: Atypical and unusual presentations may increase the risk to misdiagnose or delay MG diagnosis. Isolated limb-girdle presentation is the most frequent atypical form in our series.
Effect of early adjunctive use of oral sildenafil and inhaled nitric oxide on the outcome of pulmonary hypertension in newborn infants. A feasibility study
Authors: Al Omar S. , Salama H. , Al Hail M. , Al Rifai H. , Bunahia M. , El kasem W. , Siddiqui F.J. , Dilawar M. , Yassin H. , Masud F. , Mohamed A. , Mansour A. 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is the standard therapy for infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Recently, sildenafil has been evaluated as an alternative or adjunctive pulmonary vasodilator. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of adding sildenafil as an early adjunctive therapy together with iNO when treating newborns with PPHN and/or hypoxemic respiratory failure. METHODS: This is a randomized placebo trial on newborns with gestational age > 34 weeks, postnatal age < 48 hours, and diagnosed with PPHN (oxygen index (OI) ≥ 20). Newborns were randomized to two groups: Group A- received oral sildenafil and iNO, and group B- received placebo and iNO. Initial and follow up echocardiography were performed over 14 days period. RESULTS: A total of 24 newborns were recruited; 13 of them received sildenafil in addition to iNO and 11 received iNO and placebo. The most common causes of PPHN were meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, and RDS. At the starting point, OI was marginally higher in the intervention group without statistical significance (29 vs 28). There were no differences between the two groups regarding surfactant administration, incidence of pneumothoraces, and the underlying causes of PPHN. Sildenafil or placebo treatment started within 12 hours after starting iNO (8 vs 6 hours). CONCLUSION: Early use of oral sildenafil next to iNO in cases of PPHN was tolerated well by newborns and it did not show significant adverse effects. Further studies with a larger sample size is needed to assess its effecacy.
A new spider species, Heser stoevi sp. nov., from Turkmenistan (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Authors: Deltshev Christo 
Published: August 2016

The genus Heser (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) belongs to the Zelotes group, and is currently known to comprise 10 species distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. The type species is Heser malefactor Tuneva, 2004 from Kazakhstan.
A new spider species, Heser stoevi sp. nov. (male and female) found in Koytendag Mountains, southeastern Turkmenistan is described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to H. aradensis (Levy, 1998) from Israel but can be readily distinguished by the longer embolus, the smaller and flattened conductor, the lack of retrolateral tibial apophysis, all this coupled with very distinctive female copulatory organs. The new species was found under stones in arid grassland habitats.
Les théories de l’investissement et la prise en compte de la matérialité dans les situations d’apprentissage des langues
Authors: Dagenais Diane , Toohey Kelleen 
Published: August 2016

Pour illustrer comment les théories de la matérialité (Barad, 2007 ; Ingold, 2011 ; Latour, 2005) informent nos recherches plus récentes, nous présentons un bref sommaire de quelques résultats de deux projets de production vidéo menés auprès d’enfants bilingues et plurilingues en situation d’apprentissage de l’anglais. Nous proposons que l’analyse des réseaux formés par les outils de production, les enfants et les autres participants humains et matériels rende visible les dynamiques du monde sociomatériel qui co-construisent la situation d’apprentissage. En observant que celles-ci peuvent être contraignantes, nous soulignons comment elles peuvent aussi, dans certains cas, faciliter la mobilisation des ressources plurilingues et multimodales, l’adoption d’une identité désirable chez l’apprenant, et l’investissement dans la situation d’apprentissage.