bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preference of Bangladesh university students for searching the library catalogue
Authors: Yesmin Shamima , Ahmed S.M. Zabed 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The aim of this paper was to compare university students’ preferences for searching the library catalogue via the library’s Koha online public access catalogue (OPAC) or its discovery tool VuFind.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 175 students responded to a questionnaire-based survey through which their demographic data, duration (years) of computer use and their self-reported levels of computer skills were obtained. Students were asked what interfaces they use for catalogue searching and to rate their opinion on the relevant interfaces on a seven-point Likert scale. Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to statistically compare the differences between students’ demographic/individual characteristics and their ratings on the respective interfaces. For those students who used both systems, differences between their Likert ratings were assessed using a one-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Findings
The results showed that there were no significant differences among students in terms of their ratings on either the OPAC or VuFind interfaces. Wilcoxon signed ranks test indicated that significantly more students thought that VuFind was more usable than the Koha OPAC.

Originality/value
This is a pioneering study of the current use of the OPAC and discovery tools by university students and their preferences for searching catalogue information through these systems. It is hoped that the findings of this study will encourage researchers to conduct task-based usability studies with various cataloguing tools and this could yield new and improved interaction designs for library catalogue searching.
Geographic variation and trade‐offs in parasitoid virulence
Authors: Fors Lisa , Markus Robert , Theopold Ulrich , Ericson Lars , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Host–parasitoid systems are characterized by a continuous development of new defence strategies in hosts and counter‐defence mechanisms in parasitoids. This co‐evolutionary arms race makes host–parasitoid systems excellent for understanding trade‐offs in host use caused by evolutionary changes in host immune responses and parasitoid virulence. However, knowledge obtained from natural host–parasitoid systems on such trade‐offs is still limited.

In this study, the aim was to examine trade‐offs in parasitoid virulence in Asecodes parviclava (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) when attacking three closely related beetles: Galerucella pusilla, Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella tenella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). A second aim was to examine whether geographic variation in parasitoid infectivity or host immune response could explain differences in parasitism rate between northern and southern sites.

More specifically, we wanted to examine whether the capacity to infect host larvae differed depending on the previous host species of the parasitoids and if such differences were connected to differences in the induction of host immune systems. This was achieved by combining controlled parasitism experiments with cytological studies of infected larvae.

Our results reveal that parasitism success in A. parviclava differs both depending on previous and current host species, with a higher virulence when attacking larvae of the same species as the previous host. Virulence was in general high for parasitoids from G. pusilla and low for parasitoids from G. calmariensis. At the same time, G. pusilla larvae had the strongest immune response and G. calmariensis the weakest. These observations were linked to changes in the larval hemocyte composition, showing changes in cell types important for the encapsulation process in individuals infected by more or less virulent parasitoids.

These findings suggest ongoing evolution in parasitoid virulence and host immune response, making the system a strong candidate for further studies on host race formation and speciation.
Testing the apparent resistance of three dominant plants to chronic drought on the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Hoover David L. , Duniway Michael C. , Belnap Jayne 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Many drylands, including the south‐western United States, are projected to become more water‐limited as these regions become warmer and drier with climate change. Such chronic drought may push individual species or plant functional types beyond key thresholds leading to reduced growth or even mortality. Indeed, recent observational and experimental evidence from the Colorado Plateau suggests that C3 grasses are the most vulnerable to chronic drought, while C4 grasses and C3 shrubs appear to have greater resistance.

The effects of chronic, or press‐drought are predicted to begin at the physiological level and translate up to higher hierarchical levels. To date, the drought resistance of C4 grasses and C3 shrubs in this region has been only evaluated at the community level and thus we lack information on whether there are sensitivities to drought at lower hierarchical levels. In this study, we tested the apparent drought resistance of three dominant species (Pleuraphis jamesii, a C4 rhizomatous grass; Coleogyne ramosissima, a C3 drought‐deciduous shrub; and Ephedra viridis, a C3 evergreen shrub) to an ongoing experimental press‐drought (‐35% precipitation) by comparing individual‐level responses (ecophysiology and growth dynamics) to community‐level responses (plant cover).

For all three species, we observed consistent responses across all hierarchical levels: P. jamesii was sensitive to drought across all measured variables, while the shrubs C. ramosissima and E. viridis had little to no responses to the experimental press‐drought at any given level.

Synthesis. Our findings suggest that the apparent drought resistance at higher hierarchical levels, such as cover, may serve as good proxies for lower‐level responses. Furthermore, it appears the shrubs are avoiding drought, possibly by utilizing moisture at deeper soil layers, while the grasses are limited to shallower layers and must endure the drought conditions. Give this differential sensitivity to drought, a future with less precipitation and higher temperatures may increase the dominance of shrubs on the Colorado Plateau, as grasses succumb to chronic water stress.
The (in)complete organelle genome: exploring the use and nonuse of available technologies for characterizing mitochondrial and plastid chromosomes
Authors: Sanitá Lima Matheus , Woods Laura C. , Cartwright Matthew W. , Smith David Roy 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNot long ago, scientists paid dearly in time, money and skill for every nucleotide that they sequenced. Today, DNA sequencing technologies epitomize the slogan ‘faster, easier, cheaper and more’, and in many ways, sequencing an entire genome has become routine, even for the smallest laboratory groups. This is especially true for mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Given their relatively small sizes and high copy numbers per cell, organelle DNAs are currently among the most highly sequenced kind of chromosome. But accurately characterizing an organelle genome and the information it encodes can require much more than DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Organelle genomes can be surprisingly complex and can exhibit convoluted and unconventional modes of gene expression. Unravelling this complexity can demand a wide assortment of experiments, from pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis to Southern and Northern blots to RNA analyses. Here, we show that it is exactly these types of ‘complementary’ analyses that are often lacking from contemporary organelle genome papers, particularly short ‘genome announcement’ articles. Consequently, crucial and interesting features of organelle chromosomes are going undescribed, which could ultimately lead to a poor understanding and even a misrepresentation of these genomes and the genes they express. High‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have made it easy to sequence and assemble entire chromosomes, but they should not be used as a substitute for or at the expense of other types of genomic characterization methods.
Low‐cost fluctuating‐temperature chamber for experimental ecology
Authors: Greenspan Sasha E. , Morris Wayne , Warburton Russell , Edwards Lexie , Duffy Richard , Pike David A. , Schwarzkopf Lin , Alford Ross A. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Commercially available fluctuating‐temperature chambers are large and costly. This poses a challenge to experimental ecologists endeavouring to recreate natural temperature cycles in the laboratory because the large number of commercial chambers required for replicated study designs is prohibitively expensive to purchase, requires a large amount of space and consumes a great deal of energy.

We developed and validated a design for economical, programmable fluctuating‐temperature chambers based on a relatively small (23 L) commercially manufactured constant temperature chamber ($140US) modified with a customized, user‐friendly microcontroller ($15US).

Over a 1‐week trial, these chambers reliably reproduced a real‐world fluctuating (13·1–35·5 °C) body temperature regime of an individual frog, with a near‐perfect 1 : 1 fit between target and actual temperatures (y = 1·0036x + 0·1366, R2 = 0·9977, 95% confidence interval for slope = 1·0026, 1·0046). Over 30‐day trials, they also reliably produced a simpler daily fluctuating‐temperature scheme (sine wave fluctuating between 10 and 25 °C each 24 h) and a range of constant temperature regimes.

The design is inexpensive and simple to assemble in large numbers, enabling genuine replication of even highly complex, many treatment study designs. For example, it is possible to simultaneously examine in replicate chambers the responses of organisms to constant regimes, regimes that fluctuate following the means experienced by populations and regimes that exactly mimic fluctuations measured over any length of time for particular individuals that differ in behaviour or microhabitat use. These chambers thus vastly expand the pool of resources available for manipulative experiments in thermal biology and ecology.
Joint Partially Linear Model for Longitudinal Data with Informative Drop-Outs
Authors: Kim Sehee , Zeng Donglin , Taylor Jeremy M. G. 
Published: August 2016

Summary
In biomedical research, a steep rise or decline in longitudinal biomarkers may indicate latent disease progression, which may subsequently cause patients to drop out of the study. Ignoring the informative drop-out can cause bias in estimation of the longitudinal model. In such cases, a full parametric specification may be insufficient to capture the complicated pattern of the longitudinal biomarkers. For these types of longitudinal data with the issue of informative drop-outs, we develop a joint partially linear model, with an aim to find the trajectory of the longitudinal biomarker. Specifically, an arbitrary function of time along with linear fixed and random covariate effects is proposed in the model for the biomarker, while a flexible semiparametric transformation model is used to describe the drop-out mechanism. Advantages of this semiparametric joint modeling approach are the following: 1) it provides an easier interpretation, compared to standard nonparametric regression models, and 2) it is a natural way to control for common (observable and unobservable) prognostic factors that may affect both the longitudinal trajectory and the drop-out process. We describe a sieve maximum likelihood estimation procedure using the EM algorithm, where the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) are considered to select the number of knots. We show that the proposed estimators achieve desirable asymptotic properties through empirical process theory. The proposed methods are evaluated by simulation studies and applied to prostate cancer data.
Case of Morvan syndrome with anti‐Ma2/Ta antibodies
Authors: Nishioka Kenya , Hoshino Yasunobu , Kanai Kauzuaki , Ueno Shinichi , Nakazato Tomoko , Takanashi Masashi , Tanaka Ryota , Yokoyama Kazumasa , Arimura Kimiyoshi , Kuwabara Satoshi , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe anti‐paraneoplastic (Ma2/Ta) antibody is related to testicular, lung and ovarian cancers, and might cause paraneoplastic neurological disorders.Case presentationWe present a 25‐year‐old woman presenting various neurological symptoms of myokymia, chronic widespread pain, tremor, excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired eye of movements, and seizures and autonomic symptoms related to anti‐Ma2/Ta antibodies. Needle electromyography showed spontaneous multiplet and myokymic discharges in the left vestus lateralis. Thus, we diagnosed her as Morvan syndrome. After initiation of steroids, plasma exchange and dantrolene, her symptoms partially improved with decreasing intensity of the antigen of anti‐Ma2/Ta antibodies, from moderate strong to borderline.ConclusionsThe present case expands the clinical spectrum of anti‐Ma2/Ta antibodies‐related disorders to include the existence of neuroimmune activation and Morvan syndrome.
Long‐term outcomes of implants placed after vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in partially edentulous patients: a 10‐year prospective clinical study
Authors: Roccuzzo Mario , Savoini Matteo , Dalmasso Paola , Ramieri Guglielmo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term clinical results around non‐submerged implants placed after vertical alveolar ridge augmentation.Material and methodsThe original population consisted of two groups of partially edentulous patients (Clinical Oral Implants Research, 15, 2004, 73; Clinical Oral Implants Research, 18, 2007, 286), receiving a total of 82 implants, after a vertical bone augmentation of at least 4 mm. Following cementation of the fixed dental prostheses, patients were asked to follow an individualized supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) program for an appropriate clinical and radiographic follow‐up.ResultsAt the 10‐year examination, seven of the 41 patients were lost to follow‐up. During SPT, additional antibiotic and/or surgical therapy was necessary in 18 implants, and four of these implants were removed for biological complications. The overall implant survival rate was 94.1%. The mean interproximal bone loss (BL) was 0.58 ± 0.57 mm.ConclusionsThe results of this study confirmed that implants, placed after vertical augmentation and followed by an adequate SPT, offer predictable long‐term results. Nevertheless, patients whose bone atrophy was consequence of a previous history of periodontitis presented a statistically significant greater BL.
Naltrexone/Bupropion extended release‐induced weight loss is independent of nausea in subjects without diabetes
Authors: Hong K. , Herrmann K. , Dybala C. , Halseth A. E. , Lam H. , Foreyt J. P. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryNaltrexone/bupropion extended release (NB) is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced‐calorie diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management in adults with an initial body mass index of ≥30 or ≥27 kg m−2 and ≥1 weight‐related comorbidity (e.g. hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia). In phase 3 clinical studies, nausea occurred in significantly higher proportions of subjects randomized to NB vs. placebo (PBO). In this pooled analysis of three phase 3, 56‐week, PBO‐controlled studies, we characterized nausea and weight loss in NB‐ and PBO‐treated subjects without diabetes. Subjects receiving NB (n = 1778) lost significantly more weight than those receiving PBO (n = 1160). Weight change was not significantly different between subjects reporting and not reporting nausea in either treatment arm. Severity of nausea was mild to moderate in ≥95% of all cases. In the NB arm, the highest incidence of nausea onset (9%) was reported during week 1. The median duration of mild, moderate and severe nausea in subjects receiving NB was 14, 9 and 13 days, respectively. Our results demonstrate that nausea associated with NB is rarely severe, primarily occurs early in treatment and is not a contributor to weight loss.
Social Media and Language Processing: How Facebook and Twitter Provide the Best Frequency Estimates for Studying Word Recognition
Authors: Herdağdelen Amaç , Marelli Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCorpus‐based word frequencies are one of the most important predictors in language processing tasks. Frequencies based on conversational corpora (such as movie subtitles) are shown to better capture the variance in lexical decision tasks compared to traditional corpora. In this study, we show that frequencies computed from social media are currently the best frequency‐based estimators of lexical decision reaction times (up to 3.6% increase in explained variance). The results are robust (observed for Twitter‐ and Facebook‐based frequencies on American English and British English datasets) and are still substantial when we control for corpus size.
A computational continuum damage mechanics model for predicting transverse cracking and splitting evolution in open hole cross‐ply composite laminates
Authors: Babaei R. , Farrokhabadi A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe present study focuses on a computational constitutive model which predicts the matrix cracking evolution and fibre breakage in cross‐ply composite laminates with open hole under in‐plane loading. To consider the effects of matrix cracking on the nonlinear response of laminates, a simplified crack density based model is applied which evaluates the representative damage parameters of matrix cracking. Furthermore, a developed subroutine based on continuum damage mechanics concepts is applied in ANSYS code which is capable to consider the transverse cracking/splitting evolution and predict the final failure load of mentioned laminate under monotonic loading in a progressive damage analyses. It is shown that the obtained stress–strain behaviours and the damage evaluation of considered laminates are in good agreement with the available experimental results.
AMiscanthusplantation can be carbon neutral without increasing soil carbon stocks
Authors: Robertson Andy D. , Whitaker Jeanette , Morrison Ross , Davies Christian A. , Smith Pete , McNamara Niall P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNational governments and international organizations perceive bioenergy, from crops such asMiscanthus, to have an important role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and combating climate change. In this research, we address three objectives aimed at reducing uncertainty regarding the climate change mitigation potential of commercialMiscanthusplantations in the United Kingdom: (i) to examine soil temperature and moisture as potential drivers of soilGHGemissions through four years of parallel measurements, (ii) to quantify carbon (C) dynamics associated with soil sequestration using regular measurements of topsoil (0–30 cm) C and the surface litter layer and (iii) to calculate a life cycleGHGbudget using site‐specific measurements, enabling theGHGintensity ofMiscanthusused for electricity generation to be compared against coal and natural gas. Our results show that methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions contributed little to the overallGHGbudget ofMiscanthus, while soil respiration offset 30% of the crop's net aboveground C uptake. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was highest during crop growth and lowest during winter months. We observed no significant change in topsoil C or nitrogen stocks following 7 years ofMiscanthuscultivation. The depth of litter did, however, increase significantly, stabilizing at approximately 7 tonnes dry biomass per hectare after 6 years. The cradle‐to‐farm gateGHGbudget of this crop indicated a net removal of 24.5 tCO2‐eq ha−1 yr−1from the atmosphere despite no detectable C sequestration in soils. When scaled up to consider the full life cycle,Miscanthusfared very well in comparison with coal and natural gas, suggesting considerableCO2offsetting perkWh generated. Although the comparison does not account for the land area requirements of the energy generated,Miscanthusused for electricity generation can make a significant contribution to climate change mitigation even when combusted in conventional steam turbine power plants.
A phase III clinical trial of a mixture agent of plasma‐derived factor VIIa and factor X (MC710) in haemophilia patients with inhibitors
Authors: Shinkoda Y. , Shirahata A. , Fukutake K. , Takamatsu J. , Shima M. , Hanabusa H. , Mugishima H. , Takedani H. , Kawasugi K. , Taki M. , Matsushita T. , Tawa A. , Nogami K. , Higasa S. , Kosaka Y. , Fujii T. , Sakai M. , Migita M. , Uchiba M. , Kawakami K. , Sameshima K. , Ohashi Y. , Saito H. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionMC710, a 1:10 protein weight ratio mixture of plasma‐derived activated factor VII (FVIIa) and factor X (FX), is a novel bypassing agent for haemostasis in haemophilia patients with inhibitors. We evaluated the haemostatic efficacy and safety of one to two administrations of MC710 in 21 joint, muscle, and subcutaneous bleeding episodes in 14 male patients, in a multi‐centre, open‐label, non‐randomized clinical trial.MethodsSubjects were intravenously administered one or two doses of 60 or 120 μg kg−1 MC710 (as FVIIa) once or twice (to a maximum of 180 μg kg−1) over up to five bleeding episodes per subject. The haemostatic efficacy of MC710 was determined for each episode by investigator evaluation, using changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain relief, and/or knee joint or muscle circumference for swelling reduction, and range of motion (ROM) for improvement of joint mobility.ResultsIn 21 treatments for bleeding episodes, 19 were rated “excellent” or “effective” 8 h after the last treatment. VAS significantly decreased over time, and ROM significantly improved over time compared with the values before treatment. One mild adverse reaction, decreased blood potassium, and two serious adverse events, both knee joint bleeding, were observed within 1 week after first administration, with no significant effect on safety. Furthermore, diagnostic markers did not show any signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).ConclusionThese results show that MC710 has sufficient haemostatic efficacy and safety, and can be used as a potential bypassing agent to control bleeding in haemophilia patients with inhibitors.
Towards Strategic Actorhood? The Execution of Institutional Positioning Strategies at Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Vuori Johanna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGiven the emerging interest in institutional positioning and to augment the small number of empirical studies in this field, this paper presents discussion about how Finnish universities of applied sciences implement their profiling strategies. The analysis is based on an examination of documents recently submitted by these institutions when reapplying for operating licences. The paper discusses how institutions refer to their positioning statements when introducing or responding to changes in their internal or external environments and questions whether or not positioning paves the way to strategic actorhood. The results suggest that the universities of applied sciences that most often refer to profiling statements have built different kinds of networks to support their positioning activities. Moreover, they have made considerable structural changes to implement their positioning strategies. The restructuring of human resource capacity required to execute the positioning strategy is discussed in the reapplication documents, albeit with a lesser emphasis.