bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Chemoselective Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Enabled by Nucleophile Speciation Control.
Authors: Seath Ciaran P. , Fyfe James W. B. , Molloy John J. , Watson Allan J. B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reaction is applied in the synthesis of key intermediate (VII) for BET bromodomain inhibitor (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Comprehensive Study of the Organic‐Solvent‐Free CDI‐Mediated Acylation of Various Nucleophiles by Mechanochemistry.
Authors: Metro Thomas‐Xavier , Bonnamour Julien , Reidon Thomas , Duprez Anthony , Sarpoulet Jordi , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frederic 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is shown that the complete elimination of organic solvents for the synthesis, purification, and isolation of the products resulting from acylation reactions of amines and other nucleophiles is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles Using a Defined Ruthenium PNP Pincer Catalyst.
Authors: Neumann Jacob , Bornschein Christoph , Jiao Haijun , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis developed protocol for the efficient Ru‐catalyzed reduction of nitriles allows the conversion of aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic into the corresponding amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Diazocompounds with C70: Unprecedented Synthesis and Characterization of Isomeric [5,6]‐Fulleroids.
Authors: Vidal Sara , Izquierdo Marta , Filippone Salvatore , Brunetti Fulvio G. , Martin Nazario 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of a variety of PCBM‐type [5,6]‐fulleroids and their further highly selective photoisomerization to the respective [6,6]‐methanofullerenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Indolizino[3,4,5‐ab]isoindoles by an Acid‐Induced Cyclization of 1,2‐Di(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)benzenes.
Authors: Kuzuhara Daiki , Miyake Satoshi , Moriyama Hirotake , Tamura Yuto , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe two‐step synthesis of the substrates via Suzuki‐coupling of the corresponding 1,2‐dibromobenzene with N‐Boc‐pyrrole‐2‐boronic acid and subsequent N‐deprotection is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Formal Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Trifluoromethylated Enones Catalyzed by Chiral Primary Amines.
Authors: Lin Yong‐Jun , Du Li‐Na , Kang Tai‐Ran , Liu Quan‐Zhong , Chen Ze‐Qin , He Long 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA set of enantiopure primary amine catalyzes the formal hetero‐Diels—Alder reaction of the carbonyl group in electron‐deficient trifluoromethylated enones (I) and enolizable acyclic aliphatic enones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Functionalized Derivatives of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine and Pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3,5]thiadiazine as Aromatase Inhibitors.
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Abdulla Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA variety of new functionalized triazolopyrimidine derivatives (VI) and pyrimidothiadiazines (IV) are synthesized from thiobarbituric acid (I).
ChemInform Abstract: New Efficient Synthesis of 2,5,6‐Trisubstituted Oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidi‐7(6H)‐ones via an Oxazolyliminophosphorane.
Authors: Zeng Guo‐Ping , Cai Chang‐Quan , Tan Fen , Ding Ming‐Wu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTitle compounds (VI) are synthesized in good overall yields by the new sequential three‐component reaction of oxazolyliminophosphorane (III), isocyanates, and amines in the presence of catalytic amount of EtONa.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Isomeric Indole Alkaloids from Nauclea officinalis.
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yang , Wang Ru‐Xia , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Liu Ke , Wang Feng‐Ling , Sun Jing‐Yong 
Published: December 2015

Abstractisolation, structure determination and cytotoxic activities of three new indole alkaloids, naucleofficines I‐III
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Transfer Activation of Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Tuba Robert , Xi Zhenxing , Bazzi Hassan S. , Gladysz John A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractReview: [historical antecedents and applications involving fluorous/organic and aqueous/organic liquid/liquid biphasic catalysis, and liquid/solid biphasic catalysis; 56 refs.
Glykane mit hyperpolarisiertem Xenon entschlüsseln
Authors: Oltmanns Dörthe 
Published: December 2015

AbstractErstmals konnten die für viele zelluläre Funktionen besonders wichtigen Zelloberflächen‐Glykane mit Magnetresonanz‐Bildgebung detektiert werden. Dies wurde durch die Xenon‐Hyper‐CEST‐Methode ermöglicht, die hyperpolarisiertes Xenon verwendet.
Neue Lantibiotika mit fungizider Wirkung
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLantibiotika sind von Mikroorganismen produzierte antimikrobielle Peptide mit mehreren, durch je eine Thioetherbindung geschlossenen, intramolekularen Ringstrukturen. Sie sind interessante Leitstrukturen für die Entwicklung neuer Wirkstoffe, da bislang kaum Resistenzen beobachtet wurden [1]. Die Isolierung zweier fungizid, gegen filamentöse Pilze und Hefen wirksamer Lantibiotika ist eine Neuheit, alle bislang bekannten Lantibiotika wirken gegen Gram‐positive Bakterien.
Using Spearman's correlation coefficients for exploratory data analysis on big dataset
Authors: Xiao Chengwei , Ye Jiaqi , Esteves Rui Máximo , Rong Chunming 
Published: December 2015

SummaryCorrelation analysis is both popular and useful in a number of social networking research, particularly in the exploratory data analysis. In this paper, three well‐known and often‐used correlation coefficients, Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient, Spearman, and Kendall rank correlation coefficients, are compared from definition to application domain. Based on the characteristics of the pump's vibration dataset, the nonparametric and distribution‐free Spearman rank correlation coefficient is introduced to analyze the relationship between the pump's working state and each of the 207′880 variables. The percentage of variables and exact variables' tables with high Spearman's correlation coefficients for states I and II, states I and III, states II and III, and three states in different files are obtained respectively, which has important valuation for the future research of the unsupervised machine learning system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the risk of tardive dyskinesia in older adults with first‐generation and second‐generation antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: O'Brien Angela 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThe advent of second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in the 1990s brought optimism that neuroleptic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) may become relegated to history. Whether or not this is the case remains inconclusive, and this review aims to compare the risk of TD in older adults treated with first‐generation antipsychotics (FGAs) versus SGAs.MethodsRelevant papers were sourced via a range of electronic databases, with a date range from 1957 to January 2015. Included studies used both a validated rating scale and research diagnostic criteria to report on the prevalence or incidence of TD in older adults exposed to antipsychotic medications.ResultsFor FGAs, the prevalence estimate was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] [39.0, 68.4]) for mild TD and 38% (95% CI [25.9, 50.3]) for probable TD. Incidence estimates for probable TD with FGAs were 23% (95% CI [15.3, 30.6]) at 1 year, 42% (95% CI [24.8, 58.4]) at 2 years and 57% (95% CI [45.3, 69.1]) at 3 years. For SGAs, the incidence estimates at 1 year were 7% (95% CI [4.4, 10.2]) for probable TD and 3% (95% CI [1.5, 4.2]) for persistent TD.ConclusionsThe risk of probable TD is more than three times lower in older adults receiving SGAs in comparison with FGAs after 1 year of treatment (23% vs 7%). The risk of persistent TD at 1 year with SGAs is particularly low. Evidence is lacking in regard to the longer‐term risk of TD with SGAs, although the rates associated with the prolonged use of FGAs are high. Caution is therefore still required, particularly with the protracted use of both FGAs and SGAs.
Depressive symptoms increase the risk of progression to dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mourao Raimundo J. , Mansur Guilherme , Malloy‐Diniz Leandro F. , Castro Costa Erico , Diniz Breno S. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThere is a long‐standing debate in the literature whether depressive symptoms increase the risk of dementia in older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aim to conduct a meta‐analysis of studies that evaluated the risk of dementia in subjects with MCI and depressive symptoms compared with subjects with MCI and no depressive symptoms.MethodsWe calculated the relative risk of progression to dementia in subjects with MCI and depressive symptoms compared with subjects with MCI and no depressive symptoms using a generic inverse variance method with random effect models.ResultsEighteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis, with a sample size of 10,861 MCI subjects. The pooled relative risk of progressing to dementia was 1.28 CI95% [1.09–1.52] (p = 0.003) in the group of MCI subjects with depressive symptoms compared with the MCI subjects with no depressive symptoms.DiscussionOur results provide additional evidence that depressive symptoms determine an additive risk effect to the progression to dementia in subjects with MCI. The comorbidity between depression and cognitive impairment can be an intervention target for prevention of dementia in MCI subjects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of soil cover and N and K fertilization on the quality of biofortified QPM in the humid tropics
Authors: de Moura‐Silva Aline Gomes , Aguiar Alana das Chagas Ferreira , de Moura Emanoel Gomes , Jorge Neuza 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the humid tropics, unfavorable conditions present challenges to smallholder farmers attempting to meet food demands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of alley cropping and addition of potassium and nitrogen on the productivity and nutritional value of quality protein maize (QPM). The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with five treatments, Gliricidia + Acacia (GA), Gliricidia + Clitoria (GC), Leucaena + Acacia (LA), Leucaena + Clitoria (LC) and bare soil (BS), in two cropping systems, one with addition of nitrogen and potassium (NK) and one without.RESULTSThe grain yield of LC + NK was significantly higher than that of all other treatments except GC + NK and LA + NK, and six times higher than that of BS + NK. The protein content of LC + NK was higher than that of the treatments without residue.CONCLUSIONAlthough the mulching of tree legumes increased the yield and quality of food for smallholder agriculture, achieving this outcome requires eliminating potentially negative interactions when combining trees and crops in addition to enhancing the availability and uptake of nutrients. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Polyacrylamide for Sustained Verapamil Hydrochloride Release
Authors: Simeonov Marin , Kostova Bistra , Vassileva Elena 
Published: December 2015

SummaryInterpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) were synthesized and applied as drug delivery systems for verapamil hydrochloride (VPM). The IPN network density was controlled by changing IPN composition. Thus, when increasing the PAAm to PAA weight ratio, the network density increases as revealed by the equilibrium swelling ratio and microhardness measurements. The SEM study of the IPNs’ morphology showed phase separation at nano level where PAAm domains with size below 100 nm are finely dispersed into the PAA matrix. The thermal study on the IPNs confirmed that both components are finely mixed as one Tg was detected for all IPNs’ compositions. Tg vs. composition dependence obeyed the Gordon–Taylor equation and deviated negatively from the Fox equation thus confirming weak interactions between PAA and PAAm. The VPM loading into PAA/PAAm IPNs resulted into amorphization of the drug as well as in a IPNs’ Tg increase as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vitro release of VPM shows that the IPNs of PAA/PAAm are suitable systems for sustained drug delivery. It was established that by changing IPNs’ composition it is possible to obtain different drug release kinetic profiles.
A Novel Method to Control the Elution Behavior of PVA Cast Gels
Authors: Sasaki Saori , Suzuki Atsushi 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gels, prepared by a cast‐drying method, show excellent swelling and mechanical properties. However, the elution of polymers from such gels is one of the major hindrances for practical applications. In this study, PVA cast gels were prepared from a PVA powder, with a high degree of polymerization and hydrolysis, under different temperatures and humidities. The swelling ratio, elution ratio, crystallinity, and microcrystallite size were evaluated, and these were compared with each other. The lowest elution rate (<1%) was obtained under conditions of high drying temperature and high humidity. This indicates that polymer elution can be suppressed by controlling the size, number, and distribution of the microcrystallites.
Shape Memory Polymers from Blends of Elastomers and Small Molecule Additives
Authors: Cavicchi Kevin A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryShape memory polymers are useful stimuli‐responsive functional materials. This article reviews the fabrication of shape memory polymers through the blending of elastomers and small molecule additives. A comprehensive overview of this area is provided with an emphasis on the unique properties and advantages of specific material systems.
Mechanically Strong Microstructured Hydrogels Based on Reactive Star‐Shaped Prepolymers
Authors: Groll Jürgen 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn this mini‐review we summarize our attempts for the development of mechanically strong hydrogels on the basis of reactive star‐shaped prepolymers based on the concept of tailored microstructure. Hydrogels formed by chemical cross‐linking of six arm star‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide‐stat‐propylene oxide) prepolymers comprising reactive isocyanate end groups (NCO‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO)) were used as single network (SN) component, based on the hypothesis that their microstructure mixed chemical and physical cross‐linking would enable lower hysteresis. Microstructure was introduced following three strategies: addition of tailored triblock‐copolymers, reinforcement with nanoparticles, and double‐network (DN) hydrogels by swelling the SN with acrylamide and in situ polymerization of the second network. With the DN approach, hydrogels were obtained that showed negligible hysteresis after repeated compression with 1 MPa.
Resource ambidexterity through alliance portfolios and firm performance
Authors: Wassmer Ulrich , Li Sali , Madhok Anoop 
Published: December 2015

Research summary: Partner resources can be an important alternative to internal firm resources for attaining dual and seemingly incompatible strategic objectives. We extend arguments about managing conflicting objectives typically made at the firm level to the level of a firm's alliance portfolio. Specifically, will a balance between revenue enhancement and cost reduction attained collectively through partner resources accessed via a firm's various alliances be similarly beneficial for firm performance? Additionally, how do strategic attributes of alliance portfolio configuration, specifically alliance portfolio size and partner resource scope, condition the balance‐performance relationship? Based on data from the global airline industry, we find support for the balance‐performance relationship, though such balance is less beneficial for firms in the case of access to a broader resource scope per partner.Managerial summary: Increasing revenue and reducing costs simultaneously can potentially enhance firm competitiveness. We highlight that an alliance strategy can be an important alternative to internal resources for attaining such dual strategic objectives, particularly when partner resources accessed through alliances are treated collectively as portfolios. We examine the importance of balancing product‐market extending and efficiency‐improving partner resources in the global airline industry as well as the impact of two alternate strategies for accessing resources through alliances: fewer partners with more resources per partner or more partners with fewer resources per partner. We find that resource balance at the portfolio level helps airlines improve performance. Our results also suggest that managers should be cautious of accessing too many resources through just a few partners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal dating violence victimization among Latino teens: Rates, risk factors, and cultural influences☆
Authors: Sabina Chiara , Cuevas Carlos A. , Cotignola‐Pickens Heather M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study uses data from two waves of the Dating Violence Among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA) study and focuses on the 1) rates of dating violence victimization by gender, 2) risk of experiencing dating violence victimization over time, 3) association of dating violence victimization with other forms of victimization, and 4) association of immigrant status, acculturation, and familial support with dating violence victimization over time. A total of 547 Latino adolescents, from across the USA, aged 12–18 at Wave 1 participated in both waves of the study. Rates of dating violence were around 19% across waves. Dating violence at Wave 1 and non‐dating violence victimization were associated with an elevated risk of dating violence during Wave 2. Cultural factors did not distinguish between dating violence trajectories, except for immigrant status and familial support being associated with no dating violence victimization. Overall, dating violence affects a large number of Latino teens and tends to continue over time.
The expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in middle‐aged female rats that had been subjected to prenatal undernutrition
Authors: Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Iwasa Takeshi , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Yiliyasi Mayila , Kawami Takako , Kato Takeshi , Kuwahara Akira , Irahara Minoru 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFetal growth retardation, which affects short‐ and long‐term fetal brain development, is associated with metabolic, hematological, and thermal disturbances, which can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome later in life. Orexigenic and anorexigenic factors regulate food intake and energy expenditure. We studied how the expression of these factors was affected by food deprivation (FD) in middle‐aged female rats that had been subjected to prenatal undernutrition. Eight pregnant rats were divided into two groups, the normal nutrition (NN) (n = 4) group and the undernutrition (UN) (n = 4) group, which received 50% (approximately 11 g) of the daily food intake of the normal nutrition rats from day 13 of pregnancy to delivery. The pups from these dams were defined as the maternal NN (mNN) and maternal UN (mUN) groups, respectively. After weaning, all of the pups were housed and allowed ad libitum access to food and water. At the age of 6 months, both groups of pups were sub‐divided into three groups. One group was allowed to consume normal amounts of food (Fed), and the other two groups were subjected to 24 h or 48 h FD (n = 7–8 per group). The rats' serum leptin levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of various orexigenic or anorexigenic factors were measured. In both the mNN and mUN rats, the serum leptin levels of the 24 h and 48 h FD groups tended to be lower than those of the Fed group, and the serum leptin levels of the 24 h FD mUN rats and the Fed mUN rats differed significantly. The hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression levels of the 24 h and 48 h FD groups were significantly higher in the mUN rats than in the mNN rats. In addition, among the mUN rats the hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression levels of the 48 h FD group were significantly higher than those of the Fed group. In both the mNN and mUN rats, prepro‐orexin mRNA expression was lower in the 48 h FD group than in the corresponding Fed group. Among the mUN rats, the 48 h FD group exhibited significantly lower hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression than the Fed group, and a similar tendency was seen among the mNN rats. Among the mNN rats, the 24 h FD group displayed significantly higher hypothalamic leptin receptor (OBRb) mRNA levels than the Fed group. However, no such differences were seen among the mUN rats. As a result, the hypothalamic OBRb mRNA expression levels of the mUN rats in the 24 h and 48 h FD groups were lower than those of the corresponding mNN rat groups. These findings indicate that rats that are subjected to prenatal undernutrition exhibit upregulated expression of orexigenic factors and are more sensitive to FD in middle age, which might increase their risk of developing metabolic disorders in later life.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction
Authors: Gao Liang , Yang Lu , Qian Shengqiang , Li Tao , Han Ping , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) for female sexual dysfunction have reported conflicting results.ObjectivesTo systematically review evidence from studies comparing PDE5is with placebo in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.Search strategySearches of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were performed using the MeSH terms “females/female/women”, “sexual”, and “sildenafil/tadalafil/vardenafil/PDE5/PDE5i”.Selection criteriaAll randomized controlled trials, available in English, published no later than January 28, 2015 comparing the effectiveness of PDE5is, or PDE5is in combination with other agents, with placebo in improving female sexual function were included.Data collection and analysisThe inclusion criteria were met by 14 studies, which were analyzed by two reviewers.Main resultsThe randomized controlled trials included in the present study adopted different questionnaires for measuring sexual function; consequently, most of the data had to be considered separately rather than pooled. Generally, the use of PDE5is resulted in significant improvements in sexual function compared with placebo, with some studies demonstrating negative results. Pooled data regarding adverse events demonstrated significantly higher rates of headache, flushing, and changes in vision in PDE5i‐treated patients.ConclusionsPDE5is could be an effective treatment modality for female sexual dysfunction. Although there were significant increases in adverse events in comparison with placebo, PDE5is were still relatively safe.