bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Manage a Failed Cartilage Repair: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rosa Donato , Di Donato Sigismondo , Balato Giovanni , D'Addona Alessio , Smeraglia Francesco , Correra Gaetano , Di Vico Gianni 
Published: July 2017

Purpose The aims of this paper are to report the rate and risk factors for the failure of the most common cartilage repair technique, and analyze the most important factors that could influence the choice of a specific surgical treatment to revise a failed cartilage repair.
Methods A review of the literature was performed focusing on failed cartilage repair and related treatments. Two of the authors independently screened articles. Conflicts about the inclusion of a paper was resolved by further evaluation by the senior author. Review articles, articles written in languages different from/other than English, case reports, and papers that did not evaluate the outcomes of interest were excluded. Full-text version of each included paper was obtained and relevant data were extracted and collected in a database.
Results At the end of the screening process, 31 articles were included. Microfractures and mosaicplasty showed a nonnegligible failure rate at short- and midterm. Better results, especially in terms of time to failure or revision, were reported with the use of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation. Regarding the treatment of failed cartilage repair, the use of OCA transplantation in patients with previous failed cartilage repair may be a safe option. The revision of failed OCA transplantation with further OCA seems to have a greater failure rate. Patients with previous failed ACI or matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) who underwent further MACI or ACI reported acceptable results. Otherwise, ACI in patients with history of previous subchondral marrow stimulation (SMS) demonstrated a greater failure rate.
Conclusion From the analysis of the literature, OCA transplantation seems to be the most reliable treatment of a failed SMS. ACI or MACI showed acceptable results in patients with previously failed MACI or ACI.
Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of level I-IV studies.
Psychotherapy in Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Schmidt Roger , Piliavska Kateryna , Maier-Ring Dominik , van Husen Dominik , Dettmers Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe range of treatments available for neurorehabilitation must include appropriate psychotherapeutic approaches, if only because of the frequent occurrence of psychological co-morbidities, not always diagnosed and appropriately treated. The current situation is characterized by a large variety of available treatments, dearth of treatment studies and proven evidence. This state of affairs emphasizes the diversity and complexity of neurological disease. The presence of collateral psychological problems in particular requires individually tailored treatments. Damage to the CNS requires that particular attention be paid to the closely interwoven functions of the body and mind. What follows is the need for multimodal psychotherapy, grounded in neurology. Taking into account the various treatment approaches and regimens, therapy needs to be directly integrated in a meaningful, coherent way into other measures of neurological rehabilitation. Against this background, the paper gives an overview of clinical needs and therapeutic procedures as well as regarding the requirements and perspectives in the further development of psychotherapy in neurorehabilitation.
Seltene Ursache eines Spontanpneumothorax
Authors: Lepiorz M. , Großer C. , Hofmann H.-S. , Pfeifer M. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungEin junger Patient stellte sich mit plötzlichen, atemabhängigen rechtsthorakalen Schmerzen im Notfallzentrum vor. In der Auskultation fiel bereits ein abgeschwächtes Atemgeräusch der rechten Seite auf. Die Röntgenuntersuchung zeigte einen Pneumothorax, welcher gleich mittels Thoraxdrainage versorgt wurde. In der Computertomografie (CT) des Thorax sah man dann kleinste subpleurale Bullae. Es erfolgte eine videoassistierte Thorakoskopie (VATS) wegen anhaltender Fistelung über die Drainage. Histologisch konnten die subpleuralen, bullösen und emphysematösen Veränderungen bestätigt werden. Die Ursachenabklärung führte zum Nachweis eines Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangels (AATM). Bei dem Patient liegt ein Pi MZ Genotyp vor. Es werden nur wenige Fälle von Spontanpneumothoraces als Erstmanifestation eines Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangels beschrieben. Fazit: Beim primären Spontanpneumothorax sollte auch an einen Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangel gedacht werden.
Usefulness of a newly designed plastic stent for endoscopic re-intervention in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Tomoda Takeshi , Kato Hironari , Kawamoto Hirofumi , Muro Shinichiro , Akimoto Yutaka , Uchida Daisuke , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Horiguchi Shigeru , Tsutsumi Koichiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims We designed a new 7-Fr plastic stent for treating self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) obstruction in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) via endoscopic re-intervention with the stent-in-stent (SIS) method and evaluated its efficacy.
Patients and methods A total of 33 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic re-intervention for metal stent obstruction after multi-branched SEMS placement were enrolled. The initial SEMSs were placed in two or three biliary branches in 14 and 19 patients, respectively. We retrospectively evaluated the technical and clinical success, and adverse events. Technical success was defined as successful plastic stent placement into all target branches through the lumen of the SEMS.
Results The technical success rates were 85.7 % (12/14) and 78.9 % (15/19) in patients who underwent two- or three-branched biliary drainage, respectively. The clinical success rate was 100 % in the 27 patients in whom technical success was achieved. We achieved successful plastic stent placement in more than two branches, using the new plastic stent combined with a conventional plastic stent, in 97.0 % (32/33).
Conclusions This new plastic stent was technically feasible for treating stent obstruction via re-intervention with SIS methods.
Introduction to peas and beans.
Authors: Biddle A. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter introduces the most commonly grown large-seeded legumes used as food crops throughout the world. The species considered are: Pisum sativum, in the forms of dried peas (combining peas) and as fresh vegetables (vining peas or fresh market peas); Vicia faba, in the dry form as faba beans (or field beans) and the fresh form as broad beans; and Phaseolus vulgaris, in the dry form as dried beans and fresh as dwarf French or green (snap) beans. Their history, production and harvesting are discussed. Peas and beans have been domesticated and produced on a large scale in many parts of the world over a long period of time. There have been significant advances in production and harvesting techniques which have enabled largescale production both in area and quantity. In general, demand is increasing and peas and beans are being traded by major production countries worldwide.
Management of pests and diseases.
Authors: Biddle A. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter deals with the management of pests (including insect pests and parasitic nematodes) and diseases (fungal, bacterial and viral) of peas, faba beans and Phaseolus beans. As all the described crop species are legumes, they can be hosts to the same organism even when there are slight differences in the races or strains, particularly with fungal pathogens, and so where there are commonalities these are identified. In each case, a description of the symptoms, effect on the crop, biology of the pest or disease and methods of monitoring and identifying the economic thresholds for justification of treatment are described. Infections of diseases or infestations of pests can be avoided by using a suitable crop rotation but although chemical control can be useful in many cases, effective application depends on the ability to define the optimum timing for applications of pesticides in order for them to work efficiently. With several pests and diseases, monitoring or forecasting systems have been developed and can be deployed in fields to give clear indications of the need to treat and the timing of such treatment. There is a growing requirement for the integration of management techniques to justify to customers the use of pesticides, and in many countries such practices are monitored by the end market. For several diseases that are seed borne in origin, the use of clean tested healthy seed is an important start for production and current development in breeding for resistance into some varieties of peas and beans is helping to reduce the risk of crop loss and disruption to factory throughput.
Taxonomy, botany and physiology.
Authors: Socias i Company R. , Ansón J. M. , Espiau M. T. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the taxonomy of almond, including wild almond species, and describes the morphology of the root, canopy, bud and flower, fruit and kernel. Information is also given on the crop reproductive physiology, including flower initiation, flowering, pollination, fertilization, fruit development, and vegetative growth.
History of cultivation.
Authors: Gradziel T. M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter presents the prehitoric evidence, historical and cultural references, as well as the old and new world dissemination of almond cultivation. The modern cultivation of the crop, with emphasis on germplasm evaluation and cultivar and rootstock improvement, is also described, focusing on breeding programmes in Mediterranean Region, California (USA), Eastern Europe and Asia. The wide cultivation of almond in the often severe environments from Central Asia to the Mediterranean was possible largely because of the genetic and associated developmental/physiological diversity promoted by this typically self-incompatible yet interspecies fruitful genus.
Almond in the Southern Hemisphere.
Authors: Wirthensohn M. , Iannamico L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the history and development of almond production and cultivation in Australia, Argentina, Chile and South Africa, providing information on the cultivars in use. An analysis of the almond industry in some of these countries is given, including the advantages and disadvantages as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT).
Pollen-style (in)compatibility: development of autogamous cultivars.
Authors: Socias i Company R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This paper presents studies on almond self-incompatibility and self-compatibility done by pollination trials. The genetics and origin of self-compatibility are discussed, as well as the inbreeding effects on self-compatibility. The pollen component of self-incompatibility and the breeding of autogamous cultivars are described. Almond breeding programmes for self-compatibility were initiated with the expectation that self-compatibility would be transmitted to the offspring, as was the case. These programmes have been really successful and more than 20 cultivars have been released from the different breeding programmes. The Californian programmes have mostly introduced self-compatibility from peach, whereas the European programmes have used the Puglia cultivars as a source for self-compatibility. Self-compatibility maintains its importance in most almond breeding programmes and some of the new releases are being planted on a large scale, showing the real need for autogamous cultivars for efficient almond growing.
Rootstock development.
Authors: Rubio-Cabetas M. J. , Felipe A. J. , Reighard G. L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter deal with almond rootstock development. The most important traits of an almond rootstock are described, which are categorized into five groups: (i) nursery characteristics; (ii) graft compatibility; (iii) orchard characteristics; (iv) resistance to biotic (such as diseases, nematodes and insect pests) and abiotic (e.g. tolerance to heavy and calcareous soils and drought) factors; and (v) good sanitary status. The nursery production system determines if the rootstocks are to be seed or vegetative (asexually) propagated. In any case, any rootstock must fulfil all or most of the requirements from each group. The best rootstocks available at present for almond are presented, which include almond and peach seedlings, as well as clonal rootstocks. The almond rootstock breeding programmes in Europe and the USA are also mentioned.
Propagation techniques.
Authors: Rubio-Cabetas M. J. , Felipe A. J. , Bordas M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter descibes different propagation methods used in almond nurseries, which include seedling propagation, vegetative propagation (either by semi-hardwood or hardwood leafless cuttings), in vitro plant production, and scion propagation (T-budding, chip budding and regrafting).
Processing and industrialization.
Authors: Verdú A. , Izquierdo S. , Socias i Company R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This article gives an overview about industrial preparation of almonds (reception, cracking and blanching); quality guidelines for almond reception (in-shell almonds and shelled almonds); and almond products (bitter almonds, appetizers, industrialization, turron, marzipan, cakes and pastries, ice cream, almond milk, gastronomy, cosmetics and pharmacy).
When nutrition and allergy collide: the rise of anaphylaxis to plant foods
Authors: Skypala Isabel J. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Interest in nutrition is increasing, but in the world of internet health gurus, whilst the nutritional benefits of fruits and vegetables are extolled, wheat is often vilified. This review will assess the positive nutritional effects of plant foods in relation to allergy prevention, the effectiveness of gluten-avoidance and the likelihood of anaphylaxis to fruits and vegetables.

Recent findings
Although the numbers of people who report gluten sensitivity is rising, hard evidence of mass sensitivity to gluten is scant. Also, the avoidance of wheat containing foods could lead to nutritional imbalance and effects on the gut microbiome. The evidence that fruits and vegetables have a protective effect on the development of allergy is inconsistent, although fruit juices may promote beneficial changes to gut microflora. Fruits and vegetables can cause severe allergic reactions, especially due to the presence of lipid transfer proteins, but this is not just a Mediterranean phenomenon, and not limited to peaches.

Summary
These findings emphasise the importance of a keeping an open mind about reported reactions to plant foods, to ensure the correct diagnosis is made and nutrition is optimised to prevent any adverse effects of avoidance on the gut microbiome.
Cortical Processing of Vocal and Nonvocal Sounds in Cochlear-Implanted Children: An Electrophysiological Study
Authors: Bakhos David , Galvin John , Roux Sylvie , Lescanne Emmanuel , Bruneau Nicole 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
For prelingually deaf children, cochlear implants (CIs) can restore auditory input to the auditory cortex and the ability to acquire spoken language. Language development is strongly intertwined with voice perception. The aim of this electrophysiological study was to investigate human voice processing using measures of cortical auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in pediatric CI users.

Design:
Cortical AEPs were measured in 8 CI children (4 to 12 years old) with good auditory and language performance and 8 normal-hearing (NH) age-matched controls. The auditory stimuli were nonspeech vocal sounds (laughing, sighing, coughing) and environmental sounds (e.g., telephones, alarms, cars, bells, water, wind). Independent component analysis was used to minimize the CI artifact in cortical AEPs.

Results:
Fronto-temporal positivity to vocal sounds was found in NH children, with a significant effect in the 140 to 240 msec latency range. In CI children, there was a positive response to vocal sounds in the 170 to 250 msec latency range, with a more diffuse and anterior distribution than in the NH children.

Conclusions:
Cortical responses to vocal sounds were recorded in CI children. The topography and latency of response to voice differed from that of NH children. The results suggest that cortical reorganization for processing vocal sounds may occur in congenitally deaf children fitted with a CI.
Why do we fail to deliver evidence-based practice in critical care medicine?
Authors: Weiss Curtis H. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
The use of evidence-based practices in clinical practice is frequently inadequate. Recent research has uncovered many barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practices in critical care medicine. Using a comprehensive conceptual framework, this review identifies and classifies the barriers to implementation of several major critical care evidence-based practices.

Recent findings
The many barriers that have been recently identified can be classified into domains of the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). Barriers to the management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) include ARDS under-recognition. Barriers to the use of the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring/management, and early exercise/mobility (ABCDE) bundle for mechanically ventilated patients and the sepsis bundle include patient-related, clinician-related, protocol-related, contextual-related, and intervention-related factors. Although these many barriers can be classified into all five CFIR domains (intervention, outer setting, inner setting, individuals, and process), most barriers fall within the individuals and inner setting domains.

Summary
There are many barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice in critical care medicine. Systematically classifying these barriers allows implementation researchers and clinicians to design targeted implementation strategies, giving them the greatest chance of success in improving the use of evidence-based practice.
Macrophage complexity in human atherosclerosis: opportunities for treatment?
Authors: Biessen Erik A.L. , Wouters Kristiaan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
The pivotal role of macrophages in experimental atherosclerosis is firmly established, but their contribution to human disease is less well defined. In this review we have outlined the current insights on macrophage phenotypes and their presumed precursors, monocytes, in clinical atherosclerosis, and their association with disease progression. Moreover, we will assess major clinical modifiers of macrophage-mediated plaque inflammation and define the outstanding questions for further study.

Recent findings
Our survey indicates that macrophage accumulation and status in human plaques are linked with lesion progression and destabilization as well as with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Likewise, levels of their precursors, circulating monocytes were repeatedly seen to associate with atherosclerosis and to predict clinical outcome. Furthermore, the presence and phenotype of both macrophages and monocytes appears to be responsive to the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, and to treatment thereof, with clear repercussions on disease development.

Summary
Although plaque macrophages and their precursor cells do represent attractive targets for treating cardiovascular diseases, this therapeutic avenue requires much deeper understanding of the complexity of macrophage biology in human atherosclerosis than available at present.
Life-Threatening and Fatal Adverse Drug Events in a Danish University Hospital
Authors: Tchijevitch Olga A. , Nielsen Lars Peter , Lisby Marianne 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
Detection of adverse drug events (ADEs) in Danish hospitals relies on health care professionals’ incident reporting to a national database for adverse events, but the method is incomplete; thus, fatal and life-threatening ADEs may remain unrecognized.
The objectives of this study were to examine the occurrence of life-threatening and fatal ADEs in population of hospitalized patients with suspected adverse outcome and to compare these findings with the actual number of reported ADEs in the study period of 3 months.

Methods
Study was designed as a cross-sectional study of adult population, hospitalized for more than 24 hours, having an unplanned transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU), or having unexpected death. Medical records were retrospectively screened by the Global Trigger Tool. All positive triggers were assessed for ADEs by a clinical pharmacologist.

Results
Of the 26,176 patients admitted in the study period, 105 had an unplanned transfer to the ICU and 36 died unexpectedly. In total, 15 positive triggers were identified in 10 patients. Life-threatening ADEs accounted for 7.6% (8/105) of patients transferred to the ICU, and fatal ADEs constituted 5.5% (2/36) of the deceased patients. Life-threatening and fatal ADEs corresponded to an overall prevalence of 0.04% (10/26,176). Most ADEs were related to hemorrhages and respiratory problems. No serious or fatal ADEs were reported in the incident reporting system in the study period.

Conclusions
Ten life-threatening and fatal ADEs were uncovered as not reported in the incident reporting system. Further steps are needed for recognition and prevention of this patient safety challenge.
Determining whether a class of random graphs is consistent with an observed contact network
Authors: Nath Madhurima , Ren Yihui , Khorramzadeh Yasamin , Eubank Stephen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate a general method to analyze the sensitivity of attack rate in a network model of infectious disease epidemiology to the structure of the network. We use Moore and Shannon’s “network reliability” statistic to measure the epidemic potential of a network. A number of networks are generated using exponential random graph models based on the properties of the contact network structure of one of the Add Health surveys. The expected number of infections on the original Add Health network is significantly different from that on any of the models derived from it. Because individual-level transmissibility and network structure are not separately identifiable parameters given population-level attack rate data it is possible to re-calibrate the transmissibility to fix this difference. However, the temporal behavior of the outbreak remains significantly different. Hence any estimates of the effectiveness of time dependent interventions on one network are unlikely to generalize to the other. Moreover, we show that in one case even a small perturbation to the network spoils the re-calibration. Unfortunately, the set of sufficient statistics for specifying a contact network model is not yet known. Until it is, estimates of the outcome of a dynamical process on a particular network obtained from simulations on a different network are not reliable.