bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast His‐Tagged Protein Purification
Authors: Luo Xuan , Pamidi Arjun S. , Gardner Zoe , Alrashaidi Fayed Abdullah , Raston Colin L. , Weiss Gregory A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article details how to use a vortex fluidic device (VFD) to accelerate protein purification via immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Building upon a previous report of VFD‐based purification, we introduce a membrane insert to simplify the purification protocol and the resin recovery step. This new platform can be adapted to different types of IMAC resins and purification membranes. Proteins can be purified directly from clarified lysate, non‐clarified lysate, and even non‐lysed cultures without concerns of system clogging. Strong binding between the Ni2+ and the target protein's His6‐tag effectively captures the target protein on IMAC resins or membranes placed in the VFD. Continuous flow of different solutions through the VFD allows dynamic binding, washing, and elution of the target protein. Furthermore, the system dramatically accelerates protein purification; a typical purification from cell lysate requires approximately 4 min. Herein, we demonstrate the single‐step purification of two His6‐tagged proteins from both clarified and non‐clarified cell lysates without requiring batch binding. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of the resin‐loaded membrane insert and the vortex fluidic device (VFD) setup prior to purificationBasic Protocol 2: Purification of His6‐tagged proteins using the VFDAlternate Protocol: VFD‐mediated His6‐tagged protein purification from non‐clarified lysateSupport Protocol: Preparation of chemically modified glass fiber membrane for VFD‐mediated immobilized metal affinity chromatography purification
Combining abilities and quantitative inheritance of sorgoleone exudation in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Maharjan Bal , Leon Fabian , Rooney William L. , Okumoto Sakiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has the ability to inhibit the conversion of ammonium to nitrate (biological nitrification inhibition [BNI]) in the rhizosphere, which in turn prevents the loss of bioavailable nitrogen. Sorgoleone is a lipidic compound secreted by sorghum root hairs and is responsible for roughly 60% of BNI activity in sorghum. Previous studies revealed variation in sorgoleone secretion among different accessions and cultivars. However, little information is available regarding the genetic inheritance of sorgoleone secretion in sorghum. To increase sorgoleone through breeding, an understanding of the inheritance of this trait is required. In this study, 21 seed parents and 21 pollinator parents from the Texas AgriLife Research sorghum breeding program were crossed in an incomplete factorial design to generate 158 hybrids, and sorgoleone secretion from both hybrids and inbreds was quantified. There was significant variation in sorgoleone secretion across hybrids and inbred lines, and small but significant mid‐parent heterosis was observed in the hybrids. A linear mixed model analysis to calculate general and specific combining abilities for inbred parents and hybrids detected significant genetic effects for the male, the female, and male × female interactions (p < 0.001). Broad‐sense heritability was high ( = 0.87), while narrow‐sense heritability for the seed parents and pollinator parents was moderate (= 0.35 and = 0.39, respectively). These results indicate that sorgoleone exudation is primarily driven by additive genetic effects, but dominance effects are important for optimum production. These findings indicate that selection for increased sorgoleone root exudation among elite, adapted grain sorghum hybrids and inbred should be effective.
N, F Co‐Doped Carbon Material Self‐Supporting Cathode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Sun Guangting , Fu Yaning , Li Jie , Ma Shiyu , Lu Youcai , Liu Qingchao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Li‐O2 battery has emerged as a promising energy storage system due to its exceptionally high theoretical energy density of 3500 Wh kg−1. However, the sluggish kinetics associated with the formation and decomposition of discharge product Li2O2 poses several challenges in Li‐O2 batteries, including excessive over‐potential, limited rate performance, and reduced actual specific energy. Consequently, the development of cost‐effective cathode catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity and long‐term stability represents a viable approach to address these challenges. In this study, commercial melamine foam is utilized as a precursor material which was subjected to pyrolysis at elevated temperatures with PVDF to synthesize N, F co‐doped self‐supporting carbon cathode (NF‐NSC). Remarkably, thanks to the synergistic effects of N, F heteroatomic in conjunction with the inherent three‐dimensional reticular porous structure, NF‐NSC exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance when utilized in Li‐O2 batteries. Specifically, the NF‐NSC cathode demonstrated an impressive discharge specific capacity of up to 35204 mAh g−1 alongside a low over‐potential (0.86 V) and excellent cycling stability (146 cycles).
IRS‐enabled NOMA in energy scavenging underlay networks: Performance analysis
Authors: Ho‐Van Khuong 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBy transmitting concurrently signals of different users, non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) meliorates spectral efficiency. Moreover, intelligent reflective surface (IRS) is introduced as a bridge between a NOMA transmitter and a distant NOMA receiver. This role enhances spectral efficiency and communication reliability. Furthermore, energy scavenging underlay networks (ESUNs) enable unlicensed transmitters to operate using scavenged energy on licensed spectrum allotted to licensed transmitters, enhancing both spectral and energy efficiencies. Although IRS‐assisted NOMA further meliorates spectral efficiency and communication reliability for traditional ESUNs, it faces challenges like fading severity and nonlinear energy scavenging (nlES), which directly impact scavenged energy and communication reliability. Thence, the paper assesses three pivotal performance metrics—energy efficiency, outage probability, and throughput—for IRS‐assisted NOMA in ESUNs, shortly RaNOehU, considering realistic factors such as relatively‐general Nakagami‐m fading and nlES. Demonstrative results reveal that the quantity of reflective elements, fading severity, and nlES dramatically influence the performance of RaNOehU. Notably, appropriate selection of power/time division parameters and desired data rate can hinder complete outage and attain optimum performance. In addition, the proposed IRS‐assisted NOMA is shown to outperform its reference, which is IRS‐assisted orthogonal multiple access, emphasizing the advantages of NOMA.
Emerging Human Medications in Racing Animals: Analytical and Regulatory Challenges
Authors: Dorakumbura Buddhika N. , Beckett Nicola M. , Cook Elise C. , Nolan Ashley‐N' Dene , Brown David , Douglas Bianca 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPositive identification and reporting of therapeutic substances intended for human consumption in race‐day equine and canine samples is a controversial topic. While inadvertent environmental exposure is a potential cause for the presence of these substances in race‐day samples, intentional use cannot be ruled out given their therapeutic benefits. Pregabalin is widely prescribed in Australia to treat epilepsy, anxiety, and neuropathic pain in humans; however, it is also increasingly used as a recreational drug. Metformin is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes in humans. Both pregabalin and metformin have no routine use on racing animals and should not be present in race‐day samples taken from healthy animals. They are prohibited substances under the Rules of Racing with no established screening limits. Although therapeutic levels for these substances have been established in humans, such information is not available for animals. Pregabalin and metformin are analytically challenging molecules, more so when they are extracted from biological matrices routinely screened for hundreds of other compounds simultaneously. A simple extraction, followed by a targeted Ultra High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography Orbitrap™ Mass Spectrometry method utilising a reverse‐phase C18 column, is presented. This method is effective in screening for pregabalin and metformin, in addition to more than 150 other compounds of interest in equine and canine urines. The prevalence of pregabalin and metformin in race‐day equine and canine urine samples in Western Australia was monitored using this method over 12 months. More than 4000 urine samples were screened, and four samples were confirmed positive for these substances.
Springing into action: Comparing escape responses between bipedal and quadrupedal rodents
Authors: Freymiller Grace A. , Whitford Malachi D. , McGowan Craig P. , Higham Timothy E. , Clark Rulon W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPredation is a fundamental selective pressure on animal morphology, as morphology is directly linked with physical performance and evasion. Bipedal heteromyid rodents, which are characterized by unique morphological traits such as enlarged hindlimbs, appear to be more successful than sympatric quadrupedal rodents at escaping predators such as snakes and owls, but no studies have directly compared the escape performance of bipedal and quadrupedal rodents. We used simulated predator attacks to compare the evasive jumping ability of bipedal kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) to that of three quadrupedal rodent groups—pocket mice (Chaetodipus), woodrats (Neotoma), and ground squirrels (Otospermophilus). Jumping performance of pocket mice was remarkably similar to that of kangaroo rats, which may be driven by their shared anatomical features (such as enlarged hindlimb muscles) and facilitated by their relatively small body size. Woodrats and ground squirrels, in contrast, almost never jumped as a startle response, and they took longer to perform evasive escape maneuvers than the heteromyid species (kangaroo rats and pocket mice). Among the heteromyids, take‐off velocity was the only jump performance metric that differed significantly between species. These results support the idea that bipedal body plans facilitate vertical leaping in larger‐bodied rodents as a means of predator escape and that vertical leaping likely translates to better evasion success.
Platinum(II) Acetimino Cyclometalated Complexes Derived from Room Temperature Ammonia Activation
Authors: Murineddu Matteo , Zucca Antonio , Senzacqua Giacomo , Stoccoro Sergio , Carraro Massimo , Pilo Maria I. , Pichiri Giuseppina , Orrù Germano , Scano Alessandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwo Pt(II) rollover cyclometalated complexes, [Pt(bpyPh−H)(DMSO)Me] (1) and [Pt(bpyPh−H)(DMSO)Cl] (2), where bpyPh−H is the C3‐deprotonated 6‐phenyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine, were reacted with aqueous ammonia in acetone at room temperature. In the case of the electron‐poor complex 2 simple substitution of DMSO by NH3 gave the amino complex [Pt(bpyPh−H)(NH3)Cl] (4), whereas the electron‐rich complex 1 produced the rare acetimine complex [Pt(bpyPh−H)(HN=CMe2)Me] (3), which was isolated and characterized. Complex 3 is stable both in solution and in the solid state, in the presence of air and water. The result is noteworthy, as the condensation product of acetone and ammonia, acetimine, is not stable under mild conditions. The reaction likely requires a Pt(II) electron‐rich complex and the presence of a carbon donor in trans position. An analogous reaction occurs with methylamine, allowing the synthesis of the secondary imine complex [Pt(bpyPh−H)(MeN=CMe2)Me], 5. Starting from this finding a series of cyclometalated acetimine complexes [Pt(N C)(HN=CMe2)Me] were isolated and characterized with other classical and rollover cyclometalated ligands with an array of different electronic and steric properties, indicating a possible extension of the reaction to various cyclometalated ligands. A preliminary study on the antimicrobial and antitumor properties of complex 3, taken as a model for this class, showed no significant effects against Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria, or yeasts, but found activity in vitro against HT29 colon cancer cell line.
Radical Cyclizations of N‐Methylallyl‐2‐arylindoles with Polychloromethanes to Assemble Polychloroalkylated Indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Pan Mei , Liao Hailin , Liu Jiyao , Gao Lijiu , Liu Yun , Liu Xiaoqin , Rong Liangce 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of polychloroalkylated indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines has been achieved via aryldiazonium salt induced radical cyclization reaction of N‐methylallyl‐2‐arylindoles with dichloromethane or trichloromethane. In this reaction, neither metal catalyst nor additional oxidant was required, and an isoquinoline ring was constructed by tandem radical additions on the nonactivated carbon‐carbon double bond of allyl group in 2‐arylindoles. This protocol features advantages of wide substituent scope, environmentally friendly conditions and good yields.
Correlation properties of heart rate variability for exercise prescription during prolonged running at constant speeds: A randomized cross‐over trial
Authors: Gronwald Thomas , Horn Leonie , Schaffarczyk Marcelle , Hoos Olaf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study explores the validity of the nonlinear index alpha 1 of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAa1) of heart rate (HR) variability for exercise prescription in prolonged constant load running bouts of different intensities. 21 trained endurance athletes (9 w and 12 m) performed a ramp test for ventilatory threshold (vVT1 and vVT2) and DFAa1‐based (vDFAa1‐1 at 0.75 and vDFAa1‐2 at 0.5) running speed detection as well as two 20‐min running bouts at vDFAa1‐1 and vDFAa1‐2 (20‐vDFAa1‐1 and 20‐vDFAa1‐2), in which HR, oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory frequency (RF), DFAa1, and blood lactate concentration [La‐] were assessed. 20‐vDFAa1‐2 could not be finished by all participants (finisher group (FG), n = 15 versus exhaustion group (EG), n = 6). Despite similar mean external loads of vDFAa1‐1 (10.6 ± 1.9 km/h) and vDFAa1‐2 (13.1 ± 2.4 km/h) for all participants compared to vVT1 (10.8 ± 1.7 km/h) and vVT2 (13.2 ± 1.9 km/h), considerable differences were present for 20‐vDFAa1‐2 in EG (15.2 ± 2.4 km/h). 20‐vDFAa1‐1 and 20‐DFAa1‐2 yielded significant differences in FG for HR (76.2 ± 5.7 vs. 86.4 ± 5.9 %HRPEAK), VO2 (62.1 ± 5.0 vs. 77.5 ± 8.6 %VO2PEAK), RF (40.6 ± 11.3 vs. 46.1 ± 9.8 bpm), DFA‐a1 (0.86 ± 0.23 vs. 0.60 ± 0.15), and [La‐] (1.41 ± 0.45 vs. 3.34 ± 2.24 mmol/L). Regarding alterations during 20‐vDFAa1‐1, all parameters showed small changes for all participants, while during 20‐vDFAa1‐2 RF and DFAa1 showed substantial alterations in FG (RF: 15.6% and DFAa1: −12.8%) and more pronounced in EG (RF: 20.1% and DFAa1: −35.9%). DFAa1‐based exercise prescription from incremental testing could be useful for most participants in prolonged running bouts, at least in the moderate to heavy intensity domain. In addition, an individually different increased risk of overloading may occur in the heavy to severe exercise domains and should be further elucidated in the light of durability and decoupling assessment.
Optimal Versus Naive Diversification in Commodity Futures Markets
Authors: Heide Max , Auer Benjamin R. , Schuhmacher Frank 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMotivated by the ongoing debate on whether optimal or naive diversification should be preferred when distributing wealth across investment alternatives, this article investigates how the choice of covariance estimator affects mean‐variance portfolio selection. In an environment tailored to ideal tradability, we construct optimal commodity futures portfolios based on 12 promising covariance matrix estimators and compare their out‐of‐sample investment performance to a simple, equally weighted investment strategy by means of bootstrap testing. We find that neither the naive allocation approach nor the advanced covariance estimators can outperform the traditional sample covariance matrix. Because this empirical result is robust to modifications of the research design (including alternative investigation periods, data frequencies, estimation window sizes, holding period lengths, weight constraint specifications, and transaction cost levels), it opposes the recurrent suggestion of the equity‐oriented literature that the sample covariance matrix should not be used for the purpose of portfolio optimization.
The repo market under Basel III: Effects of capital and liquidity regulations on market fragmentation
Authors: Gerba Eddie , Katsoulis Petros 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRegulatory requirements can affect banks' ability and willingness to intermediate in financial markets. Yet, evidence on how these requirements interact to affect bank behaviour is thin. We contribute by assessing the effects of Basel III regulatory ratios on financial market fragmentation using the UK repo market as an important case study. Using panel regressions with proprietary data on repo transactions and holdings backed by gilts and lower‐quality collateral, we find affirmative evidence of a fragmentation. The leverage ratio incentivises banks to net transactions which leads to a fragmentation across prices between netted and non‐netted trades. Central bank liquidity can ease market conditions during stress and benefit banks that use it and their counterparties via reduced prices. In addition, the liquidity coverage ratio incentivises banks to increase long‐term lending backed by gilts, but reduce lending backed by lower‐quality collateral. This results in a fragmentation across maturities.
Retroperitoneoscopic bladder neck closure for continuous urinary incontinence in Fournier's gangrene
Authors: Doi Yukiko , Ochi Atsuhiko , Okamoto Yuma , Komiya Akira , Kuji Hiroshi , Suzuki Koichiro , Shiga Naoki , Abe Hirokazu 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionA retroperitoneoscopic procedure for bladder neck closure has not yet been described.Case presentationCase 1 was a 56‐year‐old man who underwent clean intermittent catheterization for spastic paraplegia due to a thoracic spinal cord injury 37 years prior. Case 2 was an 80‐year‐old bedridden woman who underwent urethral catheterization after a femoral fracture and brain infarction 3 years prior. Both patients presented with Fournier's gangrene, and the urogenital region, including the necrotic urethra, was debrided. Although a permanent suprapubic catheter was established, postoperative wound healing was poor owing to continuous urine leakage from the urethral stump. Therefore, we performed retroperitoneoscopic bladder neck closure, and the urinary incontinence was completely resolved.ConclusionRetroperitoneoscopic bladder neck closure is a feasible and less invasive procedure for treating continuous urinary incontinence from the urethral stump in patients with Fournier's gangrene after surgical debridement and having a permanent suprapubic catheter.
Revisiting Luteolin Against the Mediators of Human Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Biomolecular Approach
Authors: Chakraborty Ankita , Midde Advaitha , Chakraborty Pritha , Adhikary Sourin , Kumar Simran , Arri Navpreet , Chandra Das Nabarun , Sen Gupta Parth Sarthi , Banerjee Aditi , Mukherjee Suprabhat 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMetastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) is one of the prevalent subtypes of human cancers and is caused by the alterations of various lifestyle and diet‐associated factors. β‐catenin, GSK‐3β, PI3K‐α, AKT1, and NF‐κB p50 are known to be the critical regulators of tumorigenesis and immunopathogenesis of mCRC. Unfortunately, current drugs have limited efficacy, side effects and can lead to chemoresistance. Therefore, searching for a nontoxic, efficacious anti‐mCRC agent is crucial and of utmost interest. The present study demonstrates the identification of a productive and nontoxic anti‐mCRC agent through a five‐targets (β‐catenin, GSK‐3β, PI3K‐α, AKT1, and p50)‐based and three‐tier (binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacophore) screening strategy involving a series of 30 phytocompounds having a background of anti‐inflammatory/anti‐mCRC efficacy alongside 5‐fluorouracil (FU), a reference drug. Luteolin (a phyto‐flavonoid) was eventually rendered as the most potent and safe phytocompound. This inference was verified through three rounds of validation. Firstly, luteolin was found to be effective against the different mCRC cell lines (HCT‐15, HCT‐116, DLD‐1, and HT‐29) without hampering the viability of non‐tumorigenic ones (RWPE‐1). Secondly, luteolin was found to curtail the clonogenicity of CRC cells, and finally, it also disrupted the formation of colospheroids, a characteristic of metastasis. While studying the mechanistic insights, luteolin was found to inhibit β‐catenin activity (a key regulator of mCRC) through direct physical interactions, promoting its degradation by activating GSK3‐β and ceasing its activation by inactivating AKT1 and PI3K‐α. Luteolin also inhibited p50 activity, which could be useful in mitigating mCRC‐associated proinflammatory milieu. In conclusion, our study provides evidence on the efficacy of luteolin against the critical key regulators of immunopathogenesis of mCRC and recommends further studies in animal models to determine the effectiveness efficacy of this natural compound for treating mCRC in the future.
Modeling the effect of substituents on the electronically excited states of indole derivatives
Authors: Howe Jordan , Abou‐Hatab Salsabil , Matsika Spiridoula 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA proper understanding of excited state properties of indole derivatives can lead to rational design of efficient fluorescent probes. The optically active and excited states of a series of substituted indoles, where a substituent was placed on position four, were calculated using equation of motion coupled cluster and time dependent density functional theory. The results indicate that most substituted indoles have a brighter second excited state corresponding to experimental absorption maxima, but a few with electron withdrawing substituents absorb more on the first excited state. Absorption on the first excited state may increase their fluorescence quantum yield, making them better probes. Electronic structure methods were found to predict the energies of the systems with electron withdrawing substituents more accurately than those with electron donating substituents. The excited states of both states correlated well with electrophilicity, similar to the experimental trends for the absorption maxima. Overall, these computational studies indicate that theory can be used to predict excited state properties of substituted indoles, when the substituent is an electron withdrawing group.
Ultrasound assessment and scoring of tendinopathy in hemophilia: Development of the Tendon Haemophilic Damage ‐ Ultrasound (THD‐US) method
Authors: Donati Danilo , Origlio Flavio , Galletti Stefano , Miceli Marco , Spinnato Paolo , Valdrè Lelia , Piscitelli Lydia , Ricci Vincenzo , Farella Giuseppina Mariagrazia , Vita Fabio , Tedeschi Roberto , Benedetti Maria Grazia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop and validate the tendinopathy hemophilia detection with ultrasonography (THD‐US) protocol for assessing hemophilia‐related tendinopathy. Twenty male patients with hemophilic arthropathy underwent ultrasound evaluations of 200 tendons. The THD‐US scoring method assessed structural changes, hyperemia, and calcifications, revealing various tendon abnormalities. This protocol provides a standardized, efficient method for assessing tendinopathy in hemophilia patients, potentially improving patient management and outcomes.