bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical Convective Transition Statistics and Causality in the Water Vapor–Precipitation Relation
Authors: Kuo Yi-Hung , Neelin J. David , Mechoso C. Roberto 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Previous work by various authors has pointed to the role of lower-free-tropospheric humidity in affecting the onset of deep convection in the tropics. Empirical relationships between column water vapor (CWV) and precipitation have been inferred to result from these effects. Evidence from previous work has included deep convective conditional instability calculations for entraining plumes, in which the lower-free-tropospheric environment affects the onset of deep convection due to the differential impact on buoyancy of turbulent entrainment of dry versus moist air. The relationship between deep convection and water vapor is, however, a two-way interaction because convection also moistens the free troposphere. The present study adds an additional line of evidence toward fully establishing the causality of the precipitation–water vapor relationship. Parameter perturbation experiments using the coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) with high-time-resolution output are analyzed for a set of statistics for the transition to deep convection, coordinated with observational diagnostics for the Green Ocean Amazon (GOAmazon) campaign and tropical western Pacific Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. For low values of entrainment in the deep convective scheme, these statistics are radically altered and the observed pickup of precipitation with CWV is no longer seen. In addition to helping cement the dominant direction of causality in the fast-time-scale precipitation–CWV relationship, the results point to impacts of entrainment on the climatology. Because at low entrainment convection can fire before tropospheric moistening, the climatological values of relative humidity are lower than observed. These findings can be consequential to biases in simulated climate and to projections of climate change.
Effect of Enhanced Satellite-Derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors on Numerical Weather Prediction in East Asia Using an Adjoint-Based Observation Impact Method
Authors: Kim Myunghwan , Kim Hyun Mee , Kim JinWoong , Kim Sung-Min , Velden Christopher , Hoover Brett 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
When producing forecasts by integrating a numerical weather prediction model from an analysis, not all observations assimilated into the analysis improve the forecast. Therefore, the impact of particular observations on the forecast needs to be evaluated quantitatively to provide relevant information about the impact of the observing system. One way to assess the observation impact is to use an adjoint-based method that estimates the impact of each assimilated observation on reducing the error of the forecast. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and its adjoint are used to evaluate the impact of several types of observations, including enhanced satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) that were made available during observation campaigns for two typhoons: Sinlaku and Jangmi, which both formed in the western North Pacific during September 2008. Without the assimilation of enhanced AMV data, radiosonde observations and satellite radiances show the highest total observation impact on forecasts. When enhanced AMVs are included in the assimilation, the observation impact of AMVs is increased and the impact of radiances is decreased. The highest ratio of beneficial observations comes from GPS Precipitable Water (GPSPW) without the assimilation of enhanced AMVs. Most observations express a ratio of approximately 60%. Enhanced AMVs improve forecast fields when tracking the typhoon centers of Sinlaku and Jangmi. Both the model background and the analysis are improved by the continuous cycling of enhanced AMVs, with a greater reduction in forecast error along the background trajectory than the analysis trajectory. Thus, while the analysis–forecast system is improved by assimilating these observations, the total observation impact is smaller as a result of the improvement.
Psychotherapy for cancer patients
Authors: Chong Guan Ng , Mohamed Salina , Kian Tiah Lai , Kar Mun Teoh , Sulaiman Ahmad Hatim , Zainal Nor Zuraida 
Published: January 2017

Objective Psychotherapy is a common non-pharmacological approach to help cancer patients in their psychological distress. The benefit of psychotherapies was documented, but the types of psychotherapies proposed are varied. Given that the previous literature review was a decade ago and no quantitative analysis was done on this topic, we again critically and systematically reviewed all published trials on psychotherapy in cancer patients. Method We identified 17 clinical trials on six types of psychotherapy for cancer patients by searching PubMed and EMBASE. Result There were four trials involved adjunct psychological therapy which were included in quantitative analysis. Each trial demonstrated that psychotherapy improved the quality of life and coping in cancer patients. There was also a reduction in distress, anxiety, and depression after a psychological intervention. However, the number and quality of clinical trials for each type of psychotherapy were poor. The meta-analysis of the four trials involved adjunct psychological therapy showed no significant change in depression, with only significant short-term improvement in anxiety but not up to a year—the standardized mean differences were −0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.57, −0.16) at 2 months, −0.21 (95% CI = −0.42, −0.01) at 4 months, and 0.03 (95 % CI = −0.19, 0.24) at 12 months. Conclusion The evidence on the efficacy of psychotherapy in cancer patients is unsatisfactory. There is a need for more rigorous and well-designed clinical trials on this topic.
Acute movement disorders in the medical setting
Authors: Zawar Ifrah , Caro Mario A , Feldman Lara , Jimenez Xavier F 
Published: January 2017

Objective Psychosomatic medicine psychiatrists are often tasked with the evaluation and treatment of complex neuropsychiatric states which may be motoric in phenotype. Little energy has been dedicated to understanding acute movement disorders in the hospital environment. Method Recognizing the importance of frontal-subcortical (corticostriatothalamocortical) circuitry and basal ganglia structures, we present a case series of acute movement disorder phenotypes resulting from underlying medical conditions, commonly-administered medications, or the interaction of both. We organize these scenarios into neurodegenerative disorders, primary psychiatric disorders, neuroinflammation, and polypharmacy, demonstrating a clinical example of each followed by background references on a variety of clinical states and medications contributing to acute movement disorders. In addition, we offer visual illustration of implicated neurocircuitry as well as proposed neurotransmitter imbalances involving glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid, and dopamine. Furthermore, we review the various clinical syndromes and medications involved in the development of acute movement disorders. Results Acute movement disorder's involve complex interactions between frontal-subcortical circuits and acute events. Given the complexity of interactions, psychopharmacological considerations become critical, as some treatments may alleviate acute movement disorders while others will exacerbate them. Conclusion Integrating underlying medical conditions and acutely administered (or discontinued) pharmacological agents offers an interactional, neuromedical approach to acute movement disorders that is critical to the work of psychosomatic medicine.
Depression and insomnia are independently associated with satisfaction and enjoyment of life in medication-overuse headache patients
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Innamorati Marco , Lamis Dorian A , Serafini Gianluca , Ricci Federica , Migliorati Monica , Bellini Samantha , Erbuto Denise , Mazza Marianna , Di Nicola Marco , Janiri Luigi , Gonda Xenia , Rihmer Zoltan , Amore Mario , Girardi Paolo , Martelletti Paolo 
Published: January 2017

Objective Medication-overuse headache is often comorbid with emotional disturbances and disordered personality traits. The aim of the present study was to determine whether depression and insomnia complaints were associated with satisfaction and enjoyment with one’s own life in medication-overuse headache patients, and whether insomnia complaints were able to explain part of the variance of Quality of Life explained by depression. Methods Participants were 187 consecutive adult outpatients admitted to the Regional Referral Headache Centre of the Sant’Andrea Hospital in Rome, Italy. Patients were administered the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory – II, and the Athens Insomnia Scale. Results The Beck Depression Inventory was associated with all the dimensions of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, with more severe depression being associated independently with lower satisfaction and enjoyment with one’s own life. The Athens Insomnia Scale was independently and significantly associated only with physical health, such that patients with more insomnia complaints were 3.1 times ( p < 0.001) more likely to report lower physical health satisfaction. Conclusions Our findings confirmed that medication-overuse headache patients has a negative impact on quality of life and suggested that depression and insomnia were independently associated with satisfaction and enjoyment of life in medication-overuse headache patients. The early recognition and appropriate treatment of comorbid psychopathological symptoms are crucial to improve satisfaction and enjoyment of life in medication-overuse headache patients.
CO2 Laser Repair of Subglottic and Upper Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: McGee Kraig C. , Nagle James W. , Toohill Robert J. 
Published: January 2017

This study uses seven large adult canines. Microendoscopic forceps and electrocautery excisions of subglottic and upper tracheal mucosa, perichondrium, and cartilage results in stenoses in all animals. Four partial lesions are created in the upper trachea, and three complete stenoses occur in the subglottic region. Five of the animals require permanent tracheostomy. Three months later six animals have excisions with the CO2 laser, and one animal with upper tracheal stenosis is a control.After three months follow‐up, two of the canines with upper tracheal stenosis show a slightly improved airway and one remains the same as preexcision. All three animals with subglottic lesions redevelop complete stenosis.
The Timing of Surgical Intervention in Vocal Cord Paralysis
Authors: Woodson Gayle E. , Miller Robert H. 
Published: January 2017

Surgical alteration of the glottis for treatment of vocal cord paralysis is best deferred as long as there is a reasonable chance for spontaneous recovery. Most authors recommend waiting six to 12 months before surgery. However, the literature provides insufficient data to support this concept. This paper presents a group of patients with a thorough analysis of natural history, and other factors considered in planning surgical therapy.
Pathophysiology of the Ototoxicity of Cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum
Authors: Komune Shizuo , Asakuma Shinichiro , Snow James B. 
Published: January 2017

The electrophysiologic and histopathologic changes in the inner ear caused by the administration of cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (CP) were studied in guinea pigs. The endocochlear dc potential (EP) gradually decreased after the intravenous injection of CP and reached approximately 0 mV on the fourth day, but the EP did not become negative. The cochlear microphonics also diminished and could not be recorded on the fourth day. The negative potential of the organ of Corti remained in the normal range during the experiment. A large negative summating potential (SP) was observed one day after injection, but the amplitude of the negative SP became small on the second day. Light microscopic examination demonstrated that the outer hair cells are destroyed in the basal turn of the cochlea and are preserved in the upper turns, while the inner hair cells are almost completely preserved in all turns. The stria vascularis was found to be slightly atrophic. Severe collapse of Reissner's membrane was observed in the basal turn.
Results of Otologic Referrals in an Industrial Hearing Conservation Program
Authors: Dobie Robert A. , Archer Robert J. 
Published: January 2017

Baseline and periodic audiometry was performed on noise‐exposed workers in 21 industrial plants. Workers showing moderate hearing loss, asymmetry, or significant threshold shifts were referred for otologic evaluation. The overall referral rate was 2.76%. Of 107 referrals, 53% had otologic diagnoses other than noise‐induced hearing loss, or required specific intervention, or both. The results support the use of criteria at least as stringent as those used in this study.
The Effect of Submandibular Duct Rerouting in the Treatment of Sialorrhea in Children
Authors: Cotton Robin T. , Richardson Mark A. 
Published: January 2017

Sialorrhea is an indication of an upset in the coordinated mechanism control of facial tone and palate musculature. Disturbance in this coordination results in excess pooling of saliva in the anterior mouth and resultant drooling. In addition to the hygienic problems associated with drooling, sialorrhea also interferes with speech clarity and nutrition. It may also cause increased infections and dehydration, and may provide for further isolation of the afflicted from the mainstream of life.Current therapeutic modalities are reviewed and compared with submandibular duct rerouting. Twenty‐five consecutive pediatric patients in whom submandibular duct rerouting was performed are evaluated for postoperative drooling and submandibular gland function.The procedure was found to have low morbidity and to be effective in control of sialorrhea in pediatric patients.
Chyle Fistula Management
Authors: Lucente Frank E. , Diktaban Theodore , Lawson William , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: January 2017

Chyle fistula is a potentially devastating phenomenon that results from violation of the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct in the neck, most commonly during radical neck dissection. It may impair nutrition, compromise and delay wound healing, and prolong hospitalization.In view of the morbidity produced by chyle leak discovered postoperatively and the lack of success of its management by aggressive surgical techniques, we have employed a different protocol for the past six years. It is based on careful intraoperative inspection of the neck for possible chyle fistula, minimal but specific surgical handling of the damaged duct, and a postoperative nutritional program designed to reduce chyle formation and facilitate spontaneous closure. The nutritional element involves the use of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) that are easily ingested, rapidly absorbed, and readily metabolized directly into the portal venous system, bypassing the thoracic duct lymphatic system.During a four‐year period, 1976 to 1980, 574 radical neck dissections were performed with only six chyle fistulas being detected postoperatively. All have been successfully treated by the protocol with no patients requiring reexploration. There have been no deaths owing to chyle fistula and no complications or side effects from the use of medium chain triglycerides.
Temperature Characteristics of Squirrel Monkey Horizontal Semicircular Canals during Caloric Irrigation
Authors: Wilpizeski Chester 
Published: January 2017

Current assumptions concerning body temperature of experimental animals, particularly as it relates to the selection of caloric test stimuli, are likely to be inaccurate guesses. Although the temporal bone of squirrel monkeys attenuates irrigation temperature by a factor of nearly 10, there is a high correlation between thermal changes in inner ear fluid and irrigation values. In this study, nystagmus (defined by electronystagmographic thresholds) occurred when horizontal canal temperatures deviated from resting temperature by ±0.14 C.
Perineurial Invasion of the Facial Nerve: A Case Report with Extension from Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Strauss Melvin , Cohen Cynthia 
Published: January 2017

A case report is presented of an unusual occurrence of peripheral facial nerve paresis owing to isolated perineurial extension from a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Current evidence dispels the previously held belief that perineural invasion and extension occurs in lymphatic spaces. The clinical importance of recognizing this route of spread by tumors of the head and neck is discussed.
Adult Onset Laryngeal Papillomatosis
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Barnes E. Leon , Justice Wiley 
Published: January 2017

The charts of 22 patients with an onset of laryngeal papillomatosis after age 18 were reviewed retrospectively. The typical patient had hoarseness. Airway obstruction did not occur in this series. One half of the patients had one recurrence or less of their papilloma. The remainder of the patients encountered multiple recurrences.The histologic criteria of mitosis and dysplasia reflected recent past activity and correlated poorly with subsequent clinical behavior.Malignancy did not occur in the larynx of any of these adult onset laryngeal papilloma patients followed from 1 to 20 years.
Distribution of Compensable Hearing Loss in Industry
Authors: Heffler Allan J. 
Published: January 2017

Most State Workers' Compensation Acts base their determinations of impairment for occupational hearing loss on the formula developed by the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and adopted by the American Medical Association in 1971. The professional literature tends to focus on the monetary awards for total hearing loss and thus gives the impression that extremely severe hearing loss is common among industrial workers.A study of 8,953 industrial employees shows that 1,120, or 12.5%, are compensable. Of these, 61.5% have 5% impairment or less; 74.1% have no more than 10% impairment, and 86.7% are 20% impaired. These findings suggest that hearing professionals have the opportunity to make a major social‐economic contribution to industrial management and labor by applying their expertise to the prevention of occupational hearing loss.
Multidisciplinary management from day one: the Neuro-care approach to motor neurone disease
Authors: Oxtoby Marie , Eikaas Marit 
Published: January 2017

The Neuro-care approach offers a holistic, multidisciplinary, patient-centred, continuous strategy of care to unselected groups of neurological patients and their families including those with motor neurone disease (MND). The strategy for MND patients is an adapted version of one piloted on patients with Parkinson's disease. Between April 1990 and September 1992 12 MND patients were diagnosed, of whom five have died. The main features of the care strategy and the guidelines for giving the diagno sis are described. The characteristics of the patient group are identified and the high level of team activity vis-a-vis other patient groups is noted. The maintenance of patients in the community and the lack of resort to permanent institutional care are also recorded. Ethical issues arising during the project are discussed and the problems of measuring outcomes of care are acknowledged. General conclusions for MND management are drawn.
Environmental Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: Ethical Implications of “Smart Home” Technology
Authors: Stip Emmanuel , Rialle Vincent 
Published: January 2017

Objective: In light of the advent of new technologies, we proposed to reexamine certain challenges posed by cognitive remediation and social reintegration (that is, deinstitutionalization) of patients with severe and persistent mental disorders. Method: We reviewed literature on cognition, remediation, smart homes, as well as on objects and utilities, using medical and computer science electronic library and Internet searches. Results: These technologies provide solutions for disabled persons with respect to care delivery, workload reduction, and socialization. Examples include home support, video conferencing, remote monitoring of medical parameters through sensors, teledetection of critical situations (for example, a fall or malaise), measures of daily living activities, and help with tasks of daily living. One of the key concepts unifying all these technologies is the health-smart home. We present the notion of the health-smart home in general and then examine it more specifically in relation to schizophrenia. Conclusion: Management of people with schizophrenia with cognitive deficits who are being rehabilitated in the community can be improved with the use of technology; however, such technology has ethical ramifications.
Psychological Treatments for Social Phobia
Authors: Rowa Karen , Antony Martin M 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To review the empirical status of psychological treatments for social phobia (SP), commenting both on cognitive-behavioural interventions and on more recent iterations of those approaches. We also review the effective components of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Method: We qualitatively reviewed the empirical literature on the psychological treatment of SP. We include empirical studies, metaanalyses, and recent conference presentations in this review. Results: Cognitive and behavioural interventions for SP appear to be more effective than wait-list controls and supportive therapy. Comparisons of CBT and pharmacologic treatment have produced inconsistent results. Several new treatments for SP demonstrate promising results. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that various psychosocial treatments for SP are better than wait-list controls and credible placebo interventions. Ongoing projects investigate the relative efficacy of combining medication and psychosocial treatments over monotherapies; this line of research is important to continue. Further research should also focus on which components of CBT are most effective.
Are Dexamethasone Suppression Test Nonsuppression and Thyroid Dysfunction Related to a Family History of Dementia in Patients with Major Depression? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N , Kaprinis Stergios G , Iacovides Apostolos , Phokas Konstantinos , Kaprinis George 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Recent data suggest that the low thyroid function syndrome in depression is nonspecific, They also suggest that depression may constitute a risk factor for the development of dementia, especially in atypical patients who have high rates of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis disorders. This study aimed to search for correlations among Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) cortisol levels, thyroid indices, and family history of dementia in patients with depression. Methods: A sample of 30 patients, aged 21 to 60 years and suffering from major depression according to DSM-IV criteria, took part in the study. Three had a family history of dementia in first-degree relatives. We measured their serum levels of free T3, free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid binding inhibitory immunoglobulines, thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid microsomal antibodies (TMAs). We applied the 1-mg DST to all patients. The statistical analysis included 1-way multivariate analysis of covariance using t tests as the post hoc tests. Results: Significantly higher levels of TMAs were found in patients with a family history of dementia, compared with those who did not have this family history. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a more pronounced autoimmune process may characterize depression patients with a family history of dementia.