bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA regulation of airway smooth muscle function
Authors: Sun Maoyun , Lu Quan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) controls airway narrowing and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. MicroRNAs are small yet powerful gene tuners that regulate diverse cellular processes. Recent studies have demonstrated the versatile role of microRNAs in regulating multiple ASM phenotypes that are critically involved in asthma pathogenesis. These ASM phenotypes include proliferation, cell size, chemokine secretion, and contractility. Here we review microRNA-mediated regulation of ASM functions and discuss the potential of microRNAs as a novel class of therapeutic targets to improve ASM function for asthma therapy.
How much gambling is too much? Identifying potential problem gambling among adolescents
Authors: Räsänen Tiina A. , Lintonen Tomi P. , Raisamo Susanna U. , Konu Anne I. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Aims: Using a population-based sample of Finnish 12–17 year olds, this study explored gambling behaviour limits for potential problem gambling [South Oaks Gambling Screen – revised for adolescents (SOGS-RA)].
Methods: Data were obtained from the Youth Gambling Survey 2006, which is a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative random sample of 5000 adolescents. Adolescents who participated in gambling at least once a month were selected from the data (n=1827, 25.1% were girls). The limits for gambling behaviour were detected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Logistic regression was used to study associations between these behavioural limits and potential problem gambling.
Results: For each of the gambling behaviour indicators plotted, the risk curves showed similar trends among boys and girls. The risk of being a potential problem gambler increased noticeably with increasing gambling intensity. The ROC analysis showed that the optimal behavioural cut-off values among 12–14 year olds for frequency was gambling more than 2–3 times a month, spending more than €2 per week on gambling, spending more than €8 in any 1 day on gambling, and gambling on more than two different games per year. For 15–17 year olds, cut-off values were gambling more than once a week, spending more than €4 per week and spending more than €12 in any 1 day on gambling. Cut-off for number of game types was same as it was for younger adolescents. Of the behavioural indicators those associated with money were the most robust.
Conclusion: Behavioural indicators can be used as initial markers of possible problem gambling.
An evaluation of Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes’ self-reported practice of playing while concussed, knowledge about and attitudes towards sports-related concussion
Authors: Sullivan Lindsay , Thomas Audrey Alforque , Molcho Michal 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background/Aim: Sports-related concussions are now recognized as a major public health concern. However, despite the association of concussion with short- and long-term health consequences, many young athletes still lack basic knowledge about concussion and seem to believe that concussions may be “toughed out” and do not require medical attention. This study assessed self-reported practice of playing in training or a match while concussed among Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes in Ireland aged 13–25 years old (M=19.19, SD=3.54). This study also assessed knowledge about and attitudes towards sports-related concussion in GAA players in Ireland.
Methods: Using a self-report questionnaire, data were captured electronically on GAA athletes aged 13–25 years old (n=80) regarding knowledge about the detection, assessment and management of sports-related concussion, as well as participant’s attitudes towards concussion and self-reported practice of playing in training or a match while concussed. Data were collected from June to August 2013.
Results: This study revealed that approximately one in four athletes reported having played while concussed in practice or during a match. Males were significantly more likely to play while concussed than females (40.9% and 17.2%, respectively). Results from this study indicated participants lack a complete understanding of concussion, as common misconceptions about concussion prevailed. Analyses revealed that participants generally have safe attitudes towards concussion and concussion management.
Conclusion: Generating awareness of the potential short- and long-term health consequences of concussion, coupled with the promotion of safer attitudes towards this injury, could minimize the number of players who return-to-play pre-maturely and promote a more safety-conscious sports culture in Ireland.
Adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health: an ecological perspective
Authors: Hajizade-Valokolaee Maryam , Yazdani-Khermandichali Fereshteh , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background:
Adolescence is the key time in the formation of sexual confidence and fertility in people and many risky sexual behaviors in this sensitive era are the roots of many adulthood diseases. STD and early pregnancy are among the most important issues of adolescence.

Objective:
This study deals with reviewing ecological factors related to the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents.

Methods:
As this study was a narrative review the researchers conducted their computer search in public bases such as Google Scholar and then in more specialized ones such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Up-to-date, SPRINGER, SID, Magi ran, Iranmedex and Irandoc with the key words adolescents, sexual health, reproductive health and ecological from 1991 to 2015. Initially 152 articles were elicited and after a review study of the title and abstract, 80 articles entered the study. After reading the full text, 39 articles were chosen for writing the current review article.

Results:
Reviewing the articles led to organizing the contents in three main classes according to Bronfenbrenner’s suggestion namely ecological factors at microsystem, mesosystem and macrosystem levels which include individual predisposing factors, environmental enabling factors and social reinforcing factors.

Conclusion:
Adolescents are at a high risk of STD and early pregnancy. Many factors are considered as effective at this critical era, based on which comprehensive intervention based on ecological factors is needed to step forward toward preventing adolescence risks.
One-Pot Isomerization of n-Alkanes by Super Acidic Solids: Sulfated Aluminum-Zirconium Binary Oxides
Authors: Dhar Abhishek , Dutta Abhishek , Castillo-Araiza Carlos O. , Suárez-Toriello V.A. , Ghosh Dhananjoy , Raychaudhuri Uttam 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Super acidic nanostructured sulfated aluminum-zirconium binary oxides in mole ratios of Zr4+: Al3+ as 2:1 (SAZ-1), 1:1 (SAZ-2), 1:2(SAZ-3) and the reference catalyst super acidic sulfated zirconia (SZ) were synthesized by a precipitation method. Firstly, the catalytic performance of these four catalysts was evaluated during the isomerization of n-hexane to 2-methyl pentane and 3-methyl pentane, n-heptane and n-octane to their corresponding branched chain isomers at low temperature and pressure conditions (40°C and 1 atm). SAZ-1 performed the highest active and selective isomerization of n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane into their corresponding branched chain isomers. The catalytic activity of the reference catalyst SZ was the lowest among the four synthesized catalysts. TEM analysis applied to SAZ-1 and SZ indicated the presence of particle-bulks having average size of 20 nm; moreover, these materials presented an amorphous nature, having no particular surface morphology. XRD confirmed the amorphous structure of SAZ-1 and SZ as well as indicated their internal phase structure. FTIR generated ideas about different linkages and bond connectivities between atoms and groups in SAZ-1 and SZ. Ammonia-TPD of these two materials confirmed the higher super acidic nature of SAZ-1 and lower super acidic nature of SZ. Catalyst evaluation and characterization allowed to propose a reaction mechanism, elucidating a possible role of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on the studied reaction-catalyst, being the former active sites the main factor leading to isomerization reaction. AFM and SEM pictures indicated the nature of the surface of the catalysts. Nevertheless, SEM analysis before and after the reaction displayed that catalyst morphology was modified and could influence the activity of the catalyst. The use of SAZ-1 is cost saving as well as energy saving.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Visible Light
Authors: Gholipour Mohammad Reza , Béland Francois , Do Trong-On 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hydrogen production from water splitting via photocatalytic reactions can be an alternative clean energy of fossil fuels in the future. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is one of the active photocatalysts in the visible light region that can be combined with other semiconductors in order to increase its photocatalytic efficiency. TiO2 is one of the most appropriate choices to combine with g-C3N4 because of its conduction band edge and variety forms of nanostructures. In this work, nanosheets of g-C3N4 were mixed with the nanoparticles of titanate in order to enhance charge separation and photocatalytic efficiency. Consequently, the hydrogen evolution of this novel nanocomposite produced almost double hydrogen in comparison with g-C3N4.
Technology to support positive occupational engagement and communication in persons with multiple disabilities
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , O’Reilly Mark F. , Singh Nirbhay N. , Sigafoos Jeff , Boccasini Adele , La Martire Maria L. , Perilli Viviana , Spagnuolo Carmen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPersons with multiple (intellectual and sensory-motor) disabilities can have serious difficulties managing their independent engagement in leisure activities and communication, particularly with partners not present in their immediate environment.This study assessed two versions of a technology-aided program (involving a computer system to present leisure and communication options and a microswitch to choose among them) with four participants with multiple disabilities. Two participants used the first version of the program, which allowed them to choose among leisure (music) options. The other two participants used the second version of the program, which allowed them to choose among leisure (music and videos) and communication (telephone calls) options. Each program version was implemented according to a non-concurrent multiple baseline design across participants.Data showed that both program versions were successful in helping the participants achieve the objectives pursued, that is, choose and access leisure or leisure and communication options independently.Technology-aided programs can enable persons with multiple disabilities to manage positive occupational engagement and communication.
Characterizing Texture, Color and Sensory Attributes of Cookies Made with Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Flour Using a Mixture Design and Browning Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Lee Youn Ju , Kim Dan-Bi , Lee Ok-Hwan , Yoon Won Byong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Effect of interactions between Jerusalem artichoke flour (JF), wheat flour (WF) and sugar (S) on the texture properties of cookies was investigated. JF was the most influential component on the dough and cookies, possibly due to inulin in JF. To develop an optimum formulation using mixture design, the constraint values for the quality indices were: hardness (12 N), adhesiveness (10 mJ), and cohesiveness (0.27) of dough, and maximum force of cookie (73 N). Optimum values of WF, JF and S in the mixture were found to be 151.89 g, 55.33 g and 87.78 g, respectively, with a desirability of 0.943. Two experimental cookie formulas, similar to the optimal formula, were tested for their sensory properties and resulted in highly acceptable scores. As baking time increased, the browning and antioxidant activity of all cookies increased; however, the browning and antioxidant activity of samples containing JF was significantly higher than the others.
The mammals of Mt. Amuyao: a richly endemic fauna in the Central Cordillera of northern Luzon Island, Philippines
Authors: Rickart Eric A. , Balete Danilo S. , Alviola Phillip A. , Veluz Maria J. , Heaney Lawrence R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFaunas of old oceanic islands often have extremely high levels of endemism and are considered highly susceptible to anthropogenic disruption. We surveyed the richly endemic small mammal fauna on Mt. Amuyao in the Central Cordillera of northern Luzon Island, Philippines. We tested hypotheses regarding elevational patterns of species richness and community composition, community response to habitat disturbance, and interactions of native and non-native mammals. Our study revealed greater species richness and faunal heterogeneity within the Central Cordillera than previously suspected. We documented 15 native species (14 rodents and 1 insectivore), and two species of non-native rodents. All of the native species are endemic to the Philippines, eight being restricted to the Cordillera. Twelve of the 14 native rodents belong to two ancient endemic clades, indicating that most of the regional diversity is the product of
Crystal structure of 2-(4-acetyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-5,6-dichloro-isoindole-1,3-dione, C18H13Cl2NO3
Authors: Li Feng-Cui , Shi Qi-Lin , Zhou Xiao-Hu , Ren Yang , Xu Hai 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
C18H13Cl2NO3, Mr = 362.19, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 13.6464(2) Å, b = 18.1592(3) Å, c = 13.9829(2) Å, β = 107.557(1)°, V = 3303.66(9) Å3, Z = 8, Mo K
α radiation, μ = 0.41 mm−1, T = 296 K, 0.30 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm.
Crystal structure of 4-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzoic acid, C14H10N4O2
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
C14H10O2N4, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 11.750(18) Å, b = 8.194(13) Å, c = 12.91(2) Å, β = 102.306(19)°, V = 1214(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0505, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1098, T = 296(2) K.
Forging a morphological system out of two dimensions: Agentivity and number
Authors: Horton L. , Goldin-Meadow S. , Coppola M. , Senghas A. , Brentari D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLanguages have diverse strategies for marking agentivity and number. These strategies are negotiated to create combinatorial systems. We consider the emergence of these strategies by studying features of movement in a young sign language in Nicaragua (NSL). We compare two age cohorts of Nicaraguan signers (NSL1 and NSL2), adult homesigners in Nicaragua (deaf individuals creating a gestural system without linguistic input), signers of American and Italian Sign Languages (ASL and LIS), and hearing individuals asked to gesture silently. We find that all groups use movement axis and repetition to encode agentivity and number, suggesting that these properties are grounded in action experiences common to all participants. We find another feature – unpunctuated repetition – in the sign systems (ASL, LIS, NSL, Homesign) but not in silent gesture. Homesigners and NSL1 signers use the unpunctuated form, but limit its use to No-Agent contexts; NSL2 signers use the form across No-Agent and Agent contexts. A single individual can thus construct a marker for number without benefit of a linguistic community (homesign), but generalizing this form across agentive conditions requires an additional step. This step does not appear to be achieved when a linguistic community is first formed (NSL1), but requires transmission across generations of learners (NSL2).
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy – Is It Safe In The Hands Of Residents During Training?
Authors: Kisielewski Michał , Pędziwiatr Michał , Pisarska Magdalena , Major Piotr , Rubinkiewicz Mateusz , Matłok Maciej , Migaczewski Marcin , Budzyński Piotr , Budzyński Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

Abstractwas to assess safety of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed by residents that are undergoing training in general surgery.. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 330 patients operated electively due to cholelithiasis. Patients with acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, undergoing cholecystec-tomy as a part of more extensive operation and patients with gall-bladder cancer were excluded. Group 1 included patients operated by resident, group 2 – by specialist. Duration of operation, mean blood loss, number of major complications, number of conversions to the open technique and conversions of the operator, reoperations and length of hospital stay were analyzed.Mean operative time overall was 81 min (25 – 170, SD±28.6) and 71 min (30-210, SD±29.1) in groups 1 and 2 respectively (p=0.00009). Mean blood loss in group 1 was 45±68.2 ml and in group 2 – 41±73.4 ml (p=0.23). Six major complications has occurred (1.81%) – 2 (2%) in group 1 and 4 (1.7%) in group 2. 18 cases (15.5%) of conversion of the operator occurred in group 1, and 6 cases (2.6%) of conversion of the operator happened in group 2. Average LOS was 1.9 days in group 1 and 2.3 days in group 2 (p=0.03979).Elective LC performed by a supervised resident is a safe procedure. Tactics of “conversion of operator” allowed to prevent major complications. Longer LC by residents is natural during the learning curve. Modifications of residency program in the field of laparoscopy may increase its accessibility.
Severe Vascular Complications Of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Głuszek Stanisław , Nawacki Łukasz , Matykiewicz Jarosław , Kot Marta , Kuchinka Jakub 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) develops as a result of the imbalance of the mechanisms inhibiting the activity of enzymes in the pancreatic cells, which causes their autoactivation in the pancreas. The incidence of AP ranges from 10 up to 100 cases per 100,000 population per year in different parts of the world. The overall mortality rate for acute pancreatitis is 10-15%. The mortality rate in patients diagnosed with the severe form of acute pancreatitis is up to 30-40%.The study included 10 patients treated due to acute pancreatitis in two surgical departments run by one of the authors (S.G.) in the years 2004-2014, who developed a serious complication in the form of haemorrhage into the inflammatory tumour/pancreatic cyst or an adjacent organ. Haemorrhage was diagnosed based on the clinical picture, most often a sudden drop in blood pressure, peritonitis symptoms and imaging findings – abdominal ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography. Therapeutic methods included conservative treatment, endovascular embolisation and, in the absence of efficacy of the above mentioned methods, surgical treatment. Patients age and gender, the etiological factor, comorbidities, Atlanta Classification, treatment outcomes and mortality rate were assessed.Alcohol was the most common etiological factor in the investigated AP cases. The patients received conservative treatment, interventional radiology treatment (endovascular embolisation) or surgical treatment. In the study group, 6 patients required surgical treatment, 3 patients received invasive radiology treatment, and conservative treatment was used in one patient. The mortality rate in the study group was 30%.Haemorrhages into the inflammatory cisterns or adjacent organs (stomach, transverse colon mesentery) secondary to AP are the most severe complications, which are difficult to manage. The successful use of interventional radiology methods to inhibit and prevent the recurrence of bleeding in some of the patients is a significant milestone.
Risk Factors Of Pancreatitis After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography – A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Głuszek Stanisław , Matykiewicz Jarosław , Kozieł Dorota , Klimer Dariusz , Wawrzycka Iwona , Ogonowska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most important non-surgical procedure in serious pancreatic and biliary diseases, still burdened with the risk of severe complications. The objective of the study was to distinguish factors which could increase the risk of occurrence of ERCP complication in the form of pancreatitis.The study included 452 patients who had undergone ERCP. Patients’ records were retrospectively analyzed from the aspect of demographic data, indications for the procedure, type and course of the procedure, type and severity of complications, width of the common bile duct (CBD), concomitant diseases and administered medicines which might increase the risk of complications.In 35 patients (7.7%) a complication occurred in the form of pancreatitis (AP). A severe course was confirmed in 11 patients (31%). Cholelithiasis constituted approximately 2/3 of indications for ERCP. AP after ERCP was significantly more often observed in the group of patients aged under 40 (22.9% vs 8.6%; p<0.05). Narrow biliary ducts (3-8 mm) were the factor increasing the frequency of development of AP (25.9% vs 45%; p<0.05). Death occurred in 5 patients (1.1%), including 4 patients (0.96%) in the group without complications, and in 1 patient (2.85%) with complicated AP.ERCP is a very valuable procedure in clinical treatment; however, it is burdened with the risk of complications, such as AP, bleeding, or duodenal perforation. A group especially exposed to the risk of complications in the form of AP are young patients aged under 40 with a narrow CBD.
Analysis Of Risk Factors Of Positive Peritoneal Cytology In Patients Treated For Gastric Cancer – Preliminary Report*
Authors: Lisiecki Radosław , Spychała Arkadiusz , Pater Katarzyna , Murawa Dawid 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPresence of free gastric cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity of patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer is a negative prognostic factor and caused rapid disease recurrence, manifested as peritoneal metastases.Positive peritoneal cytology despite lack of visible peritoneal metastases was regarded as M1 class in the TNM classification (7was to analyze factors associated with positive peritoneal cytology and identify groups of patients in whom diagnostic laparoscopy plus peritoneal lavage in the diagnostic process could affect therapeutic decisions.The study enrolled patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Surgery, Wielkopolskie Oncology Center in Poznań. During the laparotomy, after opening of the peritoneal cavity, 200 ml of physiological saline at 37°C was administered in the tumor region. After this fluid was mixed, 100 ml of lavage fluid was collected. This fluid was subsequently spun many times to obtain sediment for cytology and immunohistochemistry investigation using anti-BerEp-4, CK 7/20, and B72.3.Results of peritoneal cytology were analyzed jointly with clinical factors – patient’s age, sex and pathology factors – tumor invasion, involvement of lymph nodes, histological grade, histological type according to Lauren and localization of the cancer in the stomach.Analysis of the peritoneal fluid for presence of free cancer cells was done in 51 patients. Positive peritoneal cytology was found in 12 (23.5%) patients. In the group of patients with positive cytology, all patients had T3/T4 tumors and all were found to have lymph node metastases, while G3 cancer was found in 83.3% of patients. In patients with positive cytology, diffuse gastric cancer according to Lauren predominated (9 of 12 patients, 75%), while in patients with negative cytology – intestinal type (20 of 39 patients, 51.2%). In the group of patients with positive histology, the whole stomach was involved by the cancer process in 7 of 12 patients (58.3%), while in the group with negative histology, in 29 of 39 patients the tumor was located in the gastric body and prepyloric part (74.4%).Based on this study we can conclude that determinants of positive peritoneal cytology include: tumor stage T3/T4, N+, G3, cancer located in the whole stomach, diffuse histological type according to Lauren.