bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of educational comics as a health information medium
Authors: McNicol Sarah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate ways in which educational comics might provide support in dealing with feelings and attitudes towards health conditions, as well as improving understanding of factual information and to identify potential weakness of comics as a medium for health information.MethodsSemi‐structured interviewees with eleven university students who either had a mental or physical health condition themselves or had a family member with a health condition.ResultsThe result highlighted the potential value of comics as a format for health information. In addition to conveying factual information, comics offer opportunities for self‐awareness, reassurance, empathy, companionship and a means to explore the impact of illness on family relationships. However, there are notable barriers to the greater use of comics to provide health information, namely, a lack of awareness of, and easy access to, educational comics, along with the perception that comics are exclusively light‐hearted and for children.ConclusionsCurrently, the full potential of comics in health settings is not being realised. Health information professionals may be in a position to address this issue through identifying, cataloguing, indexing and promoting comics as a legitimate format for health information.
Loss of p53 expression is accompanied by upregulation of beta‐catenin in meningiomas: a concomitant reciprocal expression
Authors: Pećina‐Šlaus Nives , Kafka Anja , Vladušić Tomislav , Tomas Davor , Logara Monika , Skoko Josip , Hrašćan Reno 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCrosstalk between Wnt and p53 signalling pathways in cancer has long been suggested. Therefore in this study we have investigated the involvement of these pathways in meningiomas by analysing their main effector molecules, beta‐catenin and p53. Cellular expression of p53 and beta‐catenin proteins and genetic changes in TP53 were analysed by immunohistochemistry, PCR/RFLP and direct sequencing of TP53 exon 4. All the findings were analysed statistically. Our analysis showed that 47.5% of the 59 meningiomas demonstrated loss of expression of p53 protein. Moderate and strong p53 expression in the nuclei was observed in 8.5% and 6.8% of meningiomas respectively. Gross deletion of TP53 gene was observed in one meningioma, but nucleotide alterations were observed in 35.7% of meningiomas. In contrast, beta‐catenin, the main Wnt signalling molecule, was upregulated in 71.2%, while strong expression was observed in 28.8% of meningiomas. The concomitant expressions of p53 and beta‐catenin were investigated in the same patients. In the analysed meningiomas, the levels of the two proteins were significantly negatively correlated (P = 0.002). This indicates that meningiomas with lost p53 upregulate beta‐catenin and activate Wnt signalling. Besides showing the reciprocal relationship between proteins, we also showed that the expression of p53 was significantly (P = 0.021) associated with higher meningioma grades (II and III), while beta‐catenin upregulation was not associated with malignancy grades. Additionally, women exhibited significantly higher values of p53 loss when compared to males (P = 0.005). Our findings provide novel information about p53 involvement in meningeal brain tumours and reveal the complex relationship between Wnt and p53 signalling, they suggest an important role for beta‐catenin in these tumours.
Study on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of starch from yam with different drying methods
Authors: Chen Xuetao , Mao Xinhui , Jiang Qianqian , Wang Tingting , Li Xia , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryFour methods were applied to dry yam slices, and then, starches were isolated from dried yam slices. Starch isolated from fresh yam was as the study control, and physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of starches were studied. The results showed that the amylose content ranged from 12.62% to 28.25%, water‐binding capacity (WBC) from 111.67% to 262.88%, paste clarity from 2.1% to 6.23%, resistant starch (RS) from 66.60% to 88.49% and crystallinity from 11.27% to 25.52%. Compared with the control starch, hot air‐drying at 60 °C significantly decreased amylose content, paste clarity, RS and crystallinity, while increasing the WBC. Low levels of rapidly digestible starch and glucose and high RS levels were found in the starch from freeze‐drying yam. Digestibility of the starches was significantly correlated with amylose content, WBC, paste clarity and swelling power. The starch samples were divided into three groups by principal component analysis (PCA).
A transnational feminist policy analysis of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act
Authors: Noyori‐Corbett Chie , Moxley David P. 
Published: June 2016

A transnational feminist policy analysis of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act: Noyori‐Corbett C., Moxley D.P. A transnational feminist policy analysis of the Trafficking Victims Protection ActAlthough originally the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) sought to prosecute traffickers, protect victims, and prevent trafficking, the most essential aim of the act involving prevention, especially in victims’ countries of origin, has not been dominant in combating trafficking. The authors used a transnational feminist framework of policy analysis to reveal the TVPA's limitations in addressing the diminished status of poor women in the developing world. Using five key questions emanating from transnational feminism, the authors illuminate the extent to which the act is unresponsive to the economic realities that make women in developing countries vulnerable to human trafficking. Based on their analysis, the authors offer considerations for the future re‐authorization of the Act, emphasizing a shift from a paradigm involving the criminalization of victims to one embodying prevention.
A room for design: Through participatory design young adults with schizophrenia become strong collaborators
Authors: Terp Malene , Laursen Birgitte Schantz , Jørgensen Rikke , Mainz Jan , Bjørnes Charlotte D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSmartphone technology is being increasingly viewed as key to engaging young adults with schizophrenia in their own mental health care.In an attempt to use smartphones as an engagement tool, we conducted a participatory design process, where young adults with schizophrenia (n = 4), healthcare providers (n = 7), software designers (n = 3), graphic designer (n = 1), graphic recorder (n = 1), and team leader (n = 1) co‐designed a smartphone application for use in early phase schizophrenia care.This paper reports the co‐design process. Based on a variety of written data‐sources, the paper describes if, and how, participatory design can help construct a physical and relational environment that enables young adults with schizophrenia to become active participants in the design of a more participatory mental health practice.Guided by Etienne Wenger's construct of Community of Practice, three major categories of characteristics and construction of a physical and relational environment supporting and inspiring participation and engagement were identified: (i) a pre‐narrative about a community of practice, (ii) the room for design is a community of practice and (iii) the community of practice as a practice of special qualities. It is concluded that participatory design can support and inspire participation and engagement in the development of mental health care with young adults with schizophrenia, given that the environment in which participatory design unfolds is transparent, flexible, secure and informal.
Consumer attitudes towards evidence based mental health services among American mental health consumers
Authors: Teh Lisa B. , Hayashi Kentaro , Latner Janet , Mueller Charles W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Consumer Attitudes towards Evidence Based Services (CAEBS) scale is a 29‐item questionnaire designed to assess public views on the role of science in helping to guide mental health treatment. The aim of the current study was to assess the Factor structure the CAEBS in an online sample of adults seeking information about mental health services. The CAEBS was administered to a nationwide sample of participants from websites offering classified advertisements for mental health related study participation (n = 312). An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) suggested four factors based on 26 of the items: Beliefs Regarding Therapists' Practices, Attitudes about Mental Health Policy, Negative Personal‐Level Attitudes toward EBPs, and Negative Societal‐Level Attitudes towards EBPs. In order to increase consumer empowerment within the mental health‐care system and develop policies supporting EBP usage, mental health professionals need to increase communication with the public to address these concerns and leverage positive attitudes.
Development and validation of the Nursing Profession Self‐Efficacy Scale
Authors: Caruso R. , Pittella F. , Zaghini F. , Fida R. , Sili A. 
Published: June 2016

AimThis study describes the development and validation of the Nursing Profession Self‐Efficacy Scale.BackgroundSelf‐efficacy can be useful in predicting performance, job satisfaction or well‐being. In the nursing field, there is a shortage of studies on self‐efficacy with regard to nurses’ global confidence in coping ability across a range of everyday, challenging work situations.MethodsTo define the theoretical framework of nursing professional self‐efficacy, two focus groups and a literature review were performed. An empirical study was then conducted to test validity and reliability. Face and content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. The content validity index was evaluated by 12 experts who suggested deleting 11 redundant items. The final developed tool was tested for construct analysis using a cross‐validation approach, randomly splitting the overall sample of 917 nurses in two sub‐groups.FindingsThe construct validity indicated two dimensions. The face and content validity were adequate. Test–retest reliability displayed a good stability, and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was acceptable. Moreover, concurrent validity using the Generalized Self‐Efficacy Scale was in line with the theoretical framework.ConclusionThe scale showed evidence of validity and reliability. The major limitation is the strong influence of the Italian context in the tool development.Implications for nursing and health policyThe Nursing Profession Self‐Efficacy Scale could be a fruitful tool that facilitates the application of theories (i.e. social‐cognitive theory) in the nursing field and even development of interventions. Furthermore, a measurement of self‐efficacy could be used to predict nursing clinical performance.
Exploring the ways experienced nurses in Poland view their profession: a focus group study
Authors: Marcinowicz L. , Owlasiuk A. , Perkowska E. 
Published: June 2016

AimsTo conduct an in‐depth analysis to understand how Polish nurses perceive their profession from the perspective of the jobs they perform and their experiences connected with the work.BackgroundAlthough there are general educational standards in the nursing profession, nurses worldwide perform their jobs under different systems and cultural conditions. Exploring and describing how experienced nurses view their profession can contribute to recommendations on how to promote the image of the profession and can assist in recruiting new nurses.MethodsA descriptive, explorative qualitative study was conducted. Focus groups (n = 6) were organized involving nurses (n = 60) who had between 8 and 33 years of work experience.FindingsData analysis revealed four main themes and ten sub‐themes: (i) the role of the nurse (idealistic view of a nurse's work before starting the job, realistic perception of the profession while doing the job); (ii) respect for a nurse (nurses’ attitudes towards one another, doctors’ attitudes towards nurses, patients’ and their families’ attitudes towards nurses); (iii) gender issues (stereotypes, favouritism towards male nurses); (iv) prestige of the profession (prestige of the nursing profession in society, remuneration, nurses’ choice of a future profession for their children).DiscussionThe study demonstrates that there is a huge discrepancy between the commonly held image of the nursing profession and the reality of the nurse's job. The idealistic view that it is a “clean” job in which the nurse only gives injections is not reflected in the actual duties.Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policyThe findings revealed factors which influence the perception of the nursing profession in Poland, that is the system of education, professional experience and the current situation in which nurses perform their roles. Nurses’ current perception of the job may have negative consequences both for nurses themselves (e.g. burnout) and for the whole profession (e.g. negative selection). Nurses should aim to fulfil leadership roles and participate in the management of health policy so as to have greater influence on healthcare planning.
Role confusion as a barrier to effective carer involvement for people with intellectual disabilities in acute hospitals: findings from a mixed‐method study
Authors: Tuffrey‐Wijne Irene , Abraham Elisabeth , Goulding Lucy , Giatras Nikoletta , Edwards Christine , Gillard Steve , Hollins Sheila 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsTo understand issues around carer roles that affect carer involvement for people with intellectual disabilities in acute hospitals.BackgroundThere is evidence that a lack of effective carer involvement can lead to poorer health outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities, but there is a lack of insight into the reasons for poor carer involvement in acute hospitals.DesignMixed methods in six acute hospital trusts in England (2011–2013).MethodsElectronic hospital staff survey (n = 990), carer questionnaires (n = 88), semi‐structured interviews with hospital staff (n = 68) and carers (n = 37). Data were triangulated and analysed using a conceptual framework.ResultsThere was strong support for carer involvement among hospital staff, and most carers indicated that they felt welcomed and supported. However, an investigation of negative experiences showed that there were discrepancies in the perspectives of hospital staff and carers on the scope of ‘carer involvement’. An important contributory factor to the effectiveness of carer involvement was the degree to which staff understood the importance of carer expertise (rather than simply carer work) and welcomed it. Carers’ contributions to basic nursing care tasks could be taken for granted by hospital staff, sometimes erroneously.ConclusionThe roles and contributions of carers should be clarified on an individual basis by hospital staff. The authors propose a new model to support this clarification. Further research is needed to assess the suitability of the model for patients with intellectual disabilities and other vulnerable patient groups.
Performance indicators; the association between the quality of preventive care and the prevalence of hospital‐acquired skin lesions in adult hospital patients
Authors: van Dishoeck Anne‐Margreet , Looman Caspar W.N. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Halfens Ruud J.G. , Mackenbach Johan P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the relation between the occurrence of pressure ulcers or incontinence dermatitis and the quality of preventive care provided.BackgroundPerformance measurements using indicators has become standard practice in recent years. The prevalence of pressure ulcers with or without incontinence dermatitis is widely used as an indicator of the quality of nursing care.DesignMatched case–control study.MethodsWe collected information on 132 patients selected from a prevalence study (April 2010). We matched 88 controls to 44 cases, controlling for duration of hospitalization and type of nursing unit. We wrote 132 patient reports, including patient factors and process criteria, using a chart review. Five expert teams assessed nine processes of care with guideline‐based review criteria. The expert teams assessed the reports blinded for outcome. The care process was assessed using a four‐point quality score ranging from optimal care to suboptimal care.ResultsIn a multivariable analysis using conditional logistic regression, the pressure ulcer risk score and the quality score were associated with a poor outcome after adjustment for type of illness, age, care needs prior to hospitalization, intensive care stay during admission and the number of care problems.ConclusionWe found that the development of pressure ulcers or incontinence dermatitis was associated with the quality of the preventive care process, indicating that variation in their prevalence reflects variation in the quality of care.
Against the Political Exclusion of the Incapable
Authors: Munn Nicholas John 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPolitical exclusion on grounds of incapacity is the primary remaining source of exclusion from the franchise. It is appealed to by states and theorists alike to justify excluding young people (under 18) and many people with cognitive disability from the franchise. Defenders of this exclusion claim that no wrong is done by this exclusion and that states gain some significant benefits from this restricting of the franchise. I have argued elsewhere that political exclusion as currently practiced in modern liberal democratic states in fact causes significant harms, as it excludes some people who have the relevant capacity for political participation. Here, I argue that the exclusion of incapable actors prevents no significant harms to democratic outcomes, and that it confers no significant democratic benefits on the states practising this exclusion. As such, I argue that we ought to heavily modify and perhaps even abandon the capacity standard for political inclusion.
An Exploration of Comfort and Discomfort Amongst Children and Young People with Intellectual Disabilities Who Depend on Postural Management Equipment
Authors: Lyons Elizabeth A. , Jones Diana E. , Swallow Veronica M. , Chandler Colin 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe natural response to the intrusive bodily sensation is positional change. This study explored how children and young people (CYP) with intellectual disabilities had their comfort needs met when using adaptive positioning equipment.MethodsThirteen qualitative case studies were undertaken. A parent, a teacher/key worker and a therapist for each CYP were interviewed, and daily routines were observed, with selective video recording. Single case and cross case analyses were undertaken.ResultsAttentive caregivers read the behavioural expressions of the CYP and responded reassuringly, safeguarding them from discomforting experiences. Threats to comfort include the restrictive nature of some equipment accessories, positioning errors and procedural stretching.ConclusionsThe same item of equipment can be both comfortable and uncomfortable. Given the social and interactional world in which the CYP live and learn, it is others who must accept responsibility for ensuring their optimal level of comfort.
Traditional livestock breeding practices of men and women Somali pastoralists: trait preferences and selection of breeding animals
Authors: Marshall K. , Mtimet N. , Wanyoike F. , Ndiwa N. , Ghebremariam H. , Mugunieri L. , Costagli R. 
Published: June 2016

SummarySomalia, one of the world's poorest countries, has livestock as the mainstay of the economy, with an estimated 65% of the population engaged in the livestock sector. This paper presents a gendered study on the traditional livestock breeding practices of Somali pastoralists for camels, cattle, sheep and goats, with a focus on documenting livestock traits of importance, the criteria used to select male breeding animals and the criteria used to cull female breeding animals. Data for the study were obtained by performing participatory rural appraisals (PRAs) with separate male and female pastoral groups from 20 settlements of the Tog‐Dheer region of Somaliland (in north‐western Somalia). In total, more than 500 pastoralists were involved. In terms of livestock ownership, goats were the most common species kept (97% of all households), followed by sheep (64%), camels (37%) and cattle (9%), with considerable herd size variation across households. Traits of key importance to the pastoralists varied by species and gender of the PRA group, but included adaptedness to harsh environmental conditions, high market value/high meat production and high milk production. The pastoralists practised sensible criteria for the selection of male breeding animals for all species, capturing aspects of productivity (milk yield, reproduction), adaptedness (good hardiness) and marketability (body size and conformation). Similarly, they practised sensible criteria for culling of female breeding animals, with females removed from the herd primarily for poor performance, but also to meet the livelihood needs of the family. Differences in the selection and culling criteria were noted by species, as well as gender of the pastoralists. On the whole, there was strong alignment between the livestock selection criteria used by the Somali pastoralists, their reasons for keeping livestock and the market requirements. This is not surprising given the intimate and long‐standing relationship between Somali pastoralists and their livestock.
Asymmetrical proliferative pattern loss linked to cyclin D1 overexpression during malignant transformation of the lip epithelium
Authors: Garcia N.G. , González‐Moles M.A. , Ruiz‐Ávila I. , Bravo M. , Ramos‐García P. , Minicucci E.M. , Domingues M.A.C. , Oliveira D.T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is inadequate knowledge on the involvement of oncogenic mechanisms linked to the cyclin (CCND1) gene in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse the implication of cyclin D1 in the malignant transformation of lip lesions.MethodsWe immunohistochemically studied 45 actinic cheilitis cases (15 mild dysplasia, 15 moderate dysplasia, 15 severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ), 30 LSCC cases with adjacent non‐tumour epithelium and 15 normal oral epithelium samples for detection of cyclin D1, β‐catenin and Ki‐67.ResultsCyclin D1 and Ki‐67 expressions were significantly increased in the basal layer of premalignant epithelia and peripheral layers of tumour nests vs. controls. Premalignant epithelia had lost their asymmetrical proliferative pattern.ConclusionLip carcinogenesis was associated with loss of the asymmetrical proliferative pattern, a preventive mechanism against lip oncogenesis, and with cyclin D1 overexpression.