bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitale prøver – et litteraturstudie
Authors: Møller Karen Louise , Mikkelsen Thomas R. 
Published: July 2017

Digitale prøveformer bliver efterhånden mere og mere udbredte. Denne artikel er baseret på et litteraturstudie foretaget for at få indsigt i primært forskningslitteraturen om digitale prøveformer. I artiklen præsenterer vi de forskellige typer digitale prøver, der omtales og diskuteres i litteraturen, og vi beskriver de potentielle fordele af bl.a. økonomisk, administrativ og pædagogisk karakter, der ifølge litteraturen kan opnås ved at bruge digitale prøver. Vi beskriver endvidere de udfordringer og potentielle ulemper, der kan være forbundet med indførelse af digitale prøver. Det drejer sig bl.a. om udfordringer hvad angår prøvesystem, organisation, teknologi, kompetenceudvikling og uddannelseskultur. Vi beskriver i artiklen en række konkrete eksempler på digitale prøver, og vi præsenterer resultater fra undersøgelser af underviseres og studerendes oplevelser med digitale prøveformer.
Against the backdrop of the rapid spread of digitized tests and exams, this article sets out to present some of the results of a literature study carried out with the aim of gaining insight into the research literature on this topic. The article presents different types of tests, focusing on the financial, administrative, and pedagogical advantages described and discussed in the literature as potentially attainable through the use of digitized exams. In addition, the challenges and potential problems connected with the introduction of digitized tests are described. Among these are challenges related to the test system or to competence development as well as organizational, technological, and cultural challenges. Finally, the article provides concrete descriptions of tests and presents results from select studies of teacher and student experiences of digitized tests.
MOOC-inspiration i e-læring – læring, feedback og relationer
Authors: Jensen Anne Winther 
Published: July 2017

Artiklen omhandler et e-læringsforløb, hvori der forsøgsvis var indlagt MOOC-elementer. Forløbet er fra pædagoguddannelsen, UCSJ. Der redegøres for didaktiske overvejelser forud for forløbet og den konkrete forløbsudmøntning. Det teoretiske perspektiv er socialkonstruktionistisk, og undervisningen forstås som kommunikationssituationer med skabelse af sociale verdener. Refleksion hos de studerende fremhæves som undervisningens overordnede mål, og dette understreges som en betydende faktor i forhold til at tænke e-læringsudbuddet mere eller mindre MOOC-præget. Med dette perspektiv og ud fra underviser- og studerendes evalueringer peges der på betydningen for forskellige typer studerende af implementeringen af MOOC-elementer i den eksisterende e-læringsundervisning. Fokus er især på feedback, og der fremhæves både fordele og ulemper ved implementeringen, samtidig med at aspekter af relationsforholdet mellem studerende og underviser inddrages. Fordelene angår det øgede element af peer to peer feedback, mens ulemperne vedrører den mangel på refleksionsbefordring, som den nedtonede underviserrolle medførte. Artiklen konkluderer i forhold til forløbet, at de i forvejen svagest præsterende studerende led mest under implementeringen af MOOC-elementer, mens implementeringseffekten for de bedre præsterende studerende syntes mere kompleks med både positive og negative elementer.
The article reports experiences regarding e-learning within a preschool teacher education at a University College in Denmark. The overall focus is on the impact of MOOCs on the existing e-learning programme and on the consequences for different types of students when parts of MOOCs are included in the programme. An e-learning course is presented including reflections upon objectives and goals within a theoretical perspective of social constructionism. Students´ ability to reflect upon all aspects of being preschool teacher is underlined as the overall aim of the programme and this aim is emphasized as an important issue when considering implementing MOOCs into the e-learning programme. The focus is on feedback and positive as well as negative consequences are pointed out and furthermore the aspect of relations between students and professor is discussed. The increased amount of peer to peer feedback is concluded as a positive consequence for well-performing students. On the other hand the lack of help from the professor in students´ processes of reflecting upon the subjects is a negative aspect for all students, but particularly for poorer-performing students.
Tema 1: Mangfoldige læringsaktiviteter - ét robotbyggesæt
Authors: Caprani Ole 
Published: July 2017

Artiklen beskriver en række læringsaktiviteter, som over en periode på 15 år er blevet udviklet i samarbejde med besøgende elever, lærere og pædagoger i LEGO Lab, Institut for Datalogi, Aarhus Universitet. I aktiviteterne er LEGO Mindstorms robotbyggesæt blevet brugt til at bygge og programmere robotter, der kan - lave gakkede robotgangarter,- tegne krusedulle kunst,- være robot dyr, eller- deltage i robotkonkurrencer som FIRST LEGO League. Ideen med aktiviteterne har været at lære eleverne om teknologien bag robotter f.eks. motorer, sensorer og programmering. Samtidig skal eleverne erfare, at robotter er mekanismer, der styret af et kontrol program handler på egen hånd bl.a. i forhold til påvirkninger fra deres omgivelser, som f.eks. robotstøvsugere. I artiklen beskrives, hvordan temaerne for aktiviteterne er blevet udvalgt og udviklet, så det umiddelbart virker spændende og motiverende for eleverne at deltage. Samtidig forklares, hvordan de enkelte aktiviteter er blevet tilrettelagt med udgangspunktet i på forhånd byggede robotter og simple grydeklare programmer. På den måde kan aktiviteterne næsten fra starten af handle om at observere robotter i deres omgivelser og at eksperimentere med at ændre robotternes opførsel ved ombygning af den fysiske robot eller omformning af robottens kontrol program. Igennem en sådan tilrettelæggelse får eleverne en forståelse af de tre faktorer, der bestemmer en robots opførsel, nemlig: Robottens omgivelser.Robottens fysiske udformning.Robottens kontrol program. Beskrivelsen af hver aktivitet afsluttes med henvisning til konkret inspirationsmateriale, som kan bruges ved tilrettelæggelse af en tilsvarende læringsaktivitet.
Læring med videoteknologi – peer feedback og videosupervision
Authors: Lauridsen Henrik Hein , Nørgård Cita , Toftegaard Rie Castella 
Published: July 2017

Denne artikel beskriver, hvordan underviserne arbejder med gradvist at indføre de beskrevne scenarier for at sikre løbende succes. Metoder og undervisningspraksis er løbende blevet justeret for at optimere de studerendes læring. Forventeligt bliver designet afprøvet i formative prøver i takt med indførelsen af den nye eksamenslovgivning.Undervisningen i praktisk færdighedstræning har gennem tiden været præget af mesterlæreprincippet. Undervisningsscenarierne, som vi indfører nu, bygger på nutidig pædagogik, hvor videosupervision og peer feedback vægtes højt sammen med Activity, Individuality og Relevance (jf FAIR-principperne) (Harden & Laidlaw 2013; Hattie og Timberley 2007). Inkludering af IT og videoudstyr kan hjælpe studerende både i øvelser med online peer-feedback og i den asynkrone videosupervision med underviser. At den studerende kan kigge med på sin egen udførelse i supervisionsdelen er en af de største gevinster i det nye didaktiske design. Endvidere er vores indsatser med peer-feedback blevet videreudviklet med rubrics, som specifikt er målrettet på at give feedback på den praktiske udøvelse af færdighederne. Dokumentationsmaterialet rummer bl.a. de studerendes selvvurderede læringsudbytte målt ved hhv. at give og modtage feedback.
Rationalité et affectivité des intuitions
Authors: Meylan Anne 
Published: July 2017

Cette contribution a deux objectifs principaux. Le premier est de montrer que les intuitions sont caractérisées par ce que j’appellerai « une capacité rationnelle », c’est-à-dire, qu’elles sont susceptibles d’être évaluées quant à leur rationalité ou leur irrationalité. Le second objectif de cet article est d’étayer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les intuitions seraient des états affectifs proches des émotions — et non pas des états doxastiques ou des expériences perceptuelles —, en montrant qu’une telle conception affective des intuitions est seule capable de rendre compte de (i) la spécificité phénoménologique, (ii) la modularité, et (iii) la capacité rationnelle des intuitions.
EPAS1 variants in high altitude Tibetan wolves were selectively introgressed into highland dogs
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett , Fan Zhenxin , Ortega-Del Vecchyo Diego , Wayne Robert K. 
Published: July 2017

Background
Admixture can facilitate adaptation. For example, black wolves have obtained the variant causing black coat color through past hybridization with domestic dogs and have higher fitness than gray colored wolves. Another recent example of the transfer of adaptive variation between the two species has been suggested by the similarity between high altitude Tibetan mastiffs and wolves at the EPAS1 gene, a transcription factor induced in low oxygen environments.

Methods
Here, we investigate the directionality of admixture in EPAS1 between 28 reference highland gray wolves, 15 reference domestic dogs, and 21 putatively admixed highland wolves. This experimental design represents an expanded sample of Asian dogs and wolves from previous studies. Admixture was inferred using 17,709 publicly available SNP genotypes on canine chromosome 10. We additionally conducted a scan for positive selection in the highland dog genome.

Results
We find an excess of highland gray wolf ancestry at the EPAS1 locus in highland domestic dogs, suggesting adaptive introgression from wolves to dogs. The signal of admixture is limited in genomic extent to a small region on chromosome 10, indicating that it is the focus of selection in an oxygen-limited environment.

Discussion
Our results suggest that an adaptive variant of EPAS1 in highland wolves was transferred to highland dogs, carrying linked variants that potentially function in hypoxia response at high elevation. The intertwined history of dogs and wolves ensures a unique evolutionary dynamic where variants that have appeared in the history of either species can be tested for their effects on fitness under natural and artificial selection. Such coupled evolutionary histories may be key to the persistence of wild canines and their domesticated kin given the increasing anthropogenic modifications that characterize the future of both species.
Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Tibet and its cities in 2014
Authors: Shan Yuli , Zheng Heran , Guan Dabo , Li Chongmao , Mi Zhifu , Meng Jing , Schroeder Heike , Ma Jibo , Ma Zhuguo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBecause of its low level of energy consumption and the small scale of its industrial development, the Tibet Autonomous Region has historically been excluded from China's reported energy statistics, including those regarding CO2 emissions. In this paper, we estimate Tibet's energy consumption using limited online documents, and we calculate the 2014 energy‐related and process‐related CO2 emissions of Tibet and its seven prefecture‐level administrative divisions for the first time. Our results show that 5.52 million tons of CO2 were emitted in Tibet in 2014; 33% of these emissions are associated with cement production. Tibet's emissions per capita amounted to 1.74 tons in 2014, which is substantially lower than the national average, although Tibet's emission intensity is relatively high at 0.60 tons per thousand yuan in 2014. Among Tibet's seven prefecture‐level administrative divisions, Lhasa City and Shannan Region are the two largest CO2 contributors and have the highest per capita emissions and emission intensities. The Nagqu and Nyingchi regions emit little CO2 due to their farming/pasturing‐dominated economies. This quantitative measure of Tibet's regional CO2 emissions provides solid data support for Tibet's actions on climate change and emission reductions.
Temporal evolution of near‐surface chlorophyll over cyclonic eddy lifecycles in the southeastern Pacific
Authors: Huang Jie , Xu Fanghua , Zhou Kuanbo , Xiu Peng , Lin Yanluan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTemporal evolution of near‐surface chlorophyll (CHL) associated with mesoscale eddies over entire eddy lifespan is complicated. Based on satellite measurements and a reanalysis data set, we identify and quantify major temporal and spatial CHL responses in cyclonic eddies in the southeastern Pacific, and explore the associated mechanisms. Only few temporal CHL variations can be directly linked to the four primary mechanisms: “eddy pumping,” “eddy trapping,” “eddy stirring,” and “eddy‐induced Ekman pumping.” About 80% of the temporal CHL variations are too complex to be explained by a single mechanism. Five characteristic CHL responses, including classic dipoles (CD), positive‐dominant dipoles (PD), negative‐dominant dipoles (ND), positive monopoles (PM), and negative monopoles (NM) are identified using the self‐organizing map (SOM). CD, a dominant response induced primarily by “eddy stirring,” has a continued increasing of frequency of occurrence with time, although its contribution to the total CHL variability remains low. As the secondary prominent response, NM has two peaks of frequency of occurrence at eddy formation and maturation stages, mainly accounted by “eddy trapping” after eddy breakup and “eddy‐induced Ekman pumping,” respectively. The sum of frequency of occurrence of PD and PM are comparable to that of NM. The initial positive CHL at eddy formation stage is associated with “eddy trapping.” The significant positive CHL increase from the eddy intensification to early decay stage is mainly attributed to “eddy pumping.” Although the frequency of occurrence of ND is the smallest, its contribution to negative CHL anomalies is unnegligible.
Compound simulation of fluvial floods and storm surges in a global coupled river‐coast flood model: Model development and its application to 2007 Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh
Authors: Ikeuchi Hiroaki , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Yamazaki Dai , Muis Sanne , Ward Philip J. , Winsemius Hessel C. , Verlaan Martin , Kanae Shinjiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWater‐related disasters, such as fluvial floods and cyclonic storm surges, are a major concern in the world's mega‐delta regions. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of extreme discharges from rivers and storm surges could exacerbate flood risk, compared to when they occur separately. Hence, it is of great importance to assess the compound risks of fluvial and coastal floods at a large scale, including mega‐deltas. However, most studies on compound fluvial and coastal flooding have been limited to relatively small scales, and global‐scale or large‐scale studies have not yet addressed both of them. The objectives of this study are twofold: to develop a global coupled river‐coast flood model; and to conduct a simulation of compound fluvial flooding and storm surges in Asian mega‐delta regions. A state‐of‐the‐art global river routing model was modified to represent the influence of dynamic sea surface levels on river discharges and water levels. We conducted the experiments by coupling a river model with a global tide and surge reanalysis data set. Results show that water levels in deltas and estuaries are greatly affected by the interaction between river discharge, ocean tides and storm surges. The effects of storm surges on fluvial flooding are further examined from a regional perspective, focusing on the case of Cyclone Sidr in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta in 2007. Modeled results demonstrate that a >3 m storm surge propagated more than 200 km inland along rivers. We show that the performance of global river routing models can be improved by including sea level dynamics.
Stöchiometrische und katalytische C‐C‐ und C‐H‐Bindungsbildung mit B(C6F5)3 über kationische Zwischenstufen
Authors: Soltani Yashar , Wilkins Lewis C. , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDiese Arbeit beschreibt eine neuartige katalytische Cyclisierung unter Verwendung eines stark Lewis‐sauren Borans mit einhergehender C‐H‐ oder C‐C‐Bindungsbildung. Die Aktivierung von Molekülen mit C‐C‐Dreifachbindungen unter Verwendung von B(C6F5)3 ermöglicht erstmals eine entsprechende Lewis‐Säure‐katalysierte, intramolekulare Cyclisierung von Carbonsäuren. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Ester dieser Carbonsäuren mit katalytischen Mengen B(C6F5)3 eine formale 1,5‐Migration der Estergruppen unter Knüpfung einer C‐C‐Bindung. Unter Verwendung dieser neuen metallfreien Methode konnten anspruchsvolle Dihydropyrone und Isocumarine in hohen Ausbeuten unter milden Bedingungen sowie mit hoher Atomökonomie synthetisiert werden.
A Bulky m‐Terphenyl Cyclopentadienyl Ligand and Its Alkali‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Veinot Alex J. , Todd Angela D. K. , Masuda Jason D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of the new m‐terphenyl‐substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand precursor 1‐cyclopentadiene‐2,6‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)benzene (TerMesCpH) is described. The synthesis proceeds through the reaction of TerMesLi with cobaltocenium iodide, followed by oxidation of the intermediate cobalt(I) species to give the corresponding cyclopentadiene as a mixture of isomers. The preparation and spectroscopic properties of the alkali‐metal salts (Li–Cs) is described, as well as structural information obtained by X‐ray diffraction studies for the lithium, potassium, and cesium analogues. Crystallographic data demonstrate the ability of these new ligands to act as monoanionic chelates by forming metal complexes with Cp–M–Ar bonding environments.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Arylation: Convenient Access to 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles
Authors: Jang Young Jin , Larin Egor M. , Lautens Mark 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA rhodium‐Josiphos(L*) catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular hydroarylation reaction is described. The reductive cyclization of o‐bromoaniline‐derived acrylamides provides convenient access to 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivity across a range of substrates. We propose that the key cyclization proceeds via a rhodium(III) intermediate. Overall, this method represents an unusual mode of reactivity for rhodium catalysis and is complementary to palladium(0)‐catalyzed α‐arylation methods.
A Second‐Coordination‐Sphere Strategy to Modulate Nickel‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Li Min , Wang Xingbao , Luo Yi , Chen Changle 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed copolymerization reactions of olefins with polar‐functionalized comonomers are highly important and also highly challenging. A second‐coordination‐sphere strategy was developed to address some of the difficulties encountered in these copolymerization reactions. A series of α‐diimine ligands bearing nitrogen‐containing second coordination spheres were prepared and characterized. The properties of the corresponding nickel and palladium catalysts in ethylene polymerizations and copolymerizations were investigated. In the nickel system, significant reduction in polymer branching density was observed, while lower polymer branching densities, as well as a wider range of polar monomer substrates, were achieved in the palladium system. Control experiments and computational results reveal the critical role of the metal−nitrogen interaction in these polymerization and copolymerization reactions.
Geoarchaeological evaluation of ground penetrating radar and magnetometry surveys at the Iron Age burial mound Rom in Norway
Authors: Schneidhofer Petra , Nau Erich , Leigh McGraw Jessica , Tonning Christer , Draganits Erich , Gustavsen Lars , Trinks Immo , Filzwieser Roland , Aldrian Lisa , Gansum Terje , Bill Jan , Neubauer Wolfgang , Paasche Knut 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFollowing magnetometry and ground penetrating radar surveys, a geoarchaeological field evaluation was carried out at the Iron Age burial mound of Rom in Slagendalen, Vestfold County, Norway, in order to assess the accuracy of the geophysical data interpretation and to investigate specific questions that have arisen during data interpretation. The evaluation was conducted within the framework of an archaeological excavation campaign in 2013, which enabled direct access to the subsurface materials. The archaeological stratification was recorded by laser scanning using a three‐dimensional (3D) single‐surface approach, permitting a virtual reconstruction of the excavated part of the mound and facilitating the comparison between excavation and prospection data. Selected sediment sequences were targeted with in situ and laboratory‐based measurements for correlation purposes, including magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity and water content measurements. Here we present the methodological approach and the results of the geophysical prospection surveys, followed by a geoarchaeological evaluation and a discussion of the impact on the overall archaeological investigation.
Effects of Solids Concentration and Underflow Diameter on the Performance of a Newly Designed Hydrocyclone
Authors: Gonçalves Suélen M. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. , Vieira Luiz G. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSolid‐liquid and liquid‐liquid separations in a hydrocyclone are versatile and require low maintenance costs. The demand for process improvement and cost reduction has motivated numerous optimization studies. The performance of a newly designed hydrocyclone is evaluated. The proposed device was obtained by application of differential evolution techniques and is called optimized thickening hydrocyclone (OTH). The OTH provides promising results, leading simultaneously to low Euler numbers and high solids concentrations of the underflow streams. Compared to the conventional Rietema hydrocyclone, it shows higher efficiency and better thickening power. The effects of solids concentration and underflow diameter on the performance of the OTH are quantified and a design equation for this device is proposed.
The EIS‐based Kohonen neural network for high strength steel coating degradation assessment
Authors: Ran Junshuang , Xu Yuanming , Tong Yan 
Published: July 2017

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method is used for a long‐term and in‐depth study on the failure analysis of polymer coatings. With the assistance of neural networks, a deeper insight into the changing states of corrosion during certain exposure circumstances has been investigated by applying specific Kohonen intelligent learning networks. The Kohonen artificial network has been trained by using 4 sets of samples from sample 1# to sample 4# with unsupervised competitive learning methods. Each sample includes up to 14 cycles of EIS data. The trained network has been tested using sample 0# impedance data at 0.1 Hz. All the sample data were collected during exposure to accelerated corrosion environments, and it took the changing rate of impedance of each cycle as an input training sample. Compared with traditional classification, Kohonen artificial network method classifies corrosion process into 5 subprocesses, which is refinement of 3 typical corrosion processes. The 2 newly defined subprocesses of corrosion, namely, premiddle stage and postmiddle stage were introduced. The EIS data and macro‐morphology for both subprocesses were analyzed through accelerated experiments that considered general atmospheric environmental factors such as UV radiation, thermal shock, and salt fog. The classification results of Kohonen artificial network are highly consistent with the predictions based on impedance magnitude at low frequency, which illustrates that the Kohonen network classification is an effective method to predict the failure cycles of polymer coatings.