bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling Water Flow and Escherichia coli Transport in Unsaturated Soils Under Drip Irrigation
Authors: Wen Jie , Li Jiusheng , Wang Zhen , Li Yanfeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe HYDRUS‐2D/3D model was used to simulate the wetting patterns and distributions of E. coli in unsaturated sandy and sandy loam soils under surface drip irrigation with sewage effluent. The simulated wetting dimensions of soil volume and distributions of E. coli in soil were compared with data obtained from laboratory experiments. The relatively lower values of normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and relatively larger index of agreement (d) values indicated good performance of the model. Our simulations confirmed that soil texture greatly influenced the adsorption characteristics and played an important role in the migration of E. coli cells. E. coli was transported further in the sandy soil than in the sandy loam soil, while its concentration decreased considerably with distance from the point source in both soil types. In the sandy loam soil, E. coli was mostly concentrated in a substantially smaller volume 5 cm from the soil surface. An increasing application rate of water‐suspended bacteria accelerated water flux and enhanced the E. coli transport rate, thus resulting in a larger distribution with a higher E. coli concentration in both soil types. In the proximity of the point source, an extremely high concentration of E. coli was recorded under simulated and observed conditions, and the value increased with an increasing input concentration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ebselen impairs cellular oxidative state and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of crucial mitogen‐activated protein kinases in pancreatic tumour AR42J cells
Authors: Santofimia‐Castaño Patricia , Izquierdo‐Alvarez Alicia , Plaza‐Davila María , Martinez‐Ruiz Antonio , Fernandez‐Bermejo Miguel , Mateos‐Rodriguez Jose M. , Salido Gines M. , Gonzalez Antonio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEbselen (2‐phenyl‐1,2‐benzisoselenazol‐3(2H)‐one) is an organoselenium radical scavenger compound, which has strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. However, evidence suggests that this compound could exert deleterious actions on cell physiology. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of ebselen on rat pancreatic AR42J cells. Cytosolic free‐Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), cellular oxidative status, setting of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and phosphorylation of major mitogen‐activated protein kinases were analyzed. Our results show that ebselen evoked a concentration‐dependent increase in [Ca2+]c. The compound induced an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria. We also observed an increase in global cysteine oxidation in the presence of ebselen. In the presence of ebselen an impairment of cholecystokinin‐evoked amylase release was noted. Moreover, involvement of the unfolded protein response markers, ER chaperone and signaling regulator GRP78/BiP, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α and X‐box binding protein 1 was detected. Finally, increases in the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK, p38 MAPK, and p44/42 MAPK in the presence of ebselen were also observed. Our results provide evidences for an impairment of cellular oxidative state and enzyme secretion, the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of crucial mitogen‐activated protein kinases in the presence of ebselen. As a consequence ebselen exerts a potential toxic effect on AR42J cells.
Evaluation of direct antifungal susceptibility testing methods of Candida spp. from positive blood culture bottles
Authors: Oz Yasemin , Gokbolat Egemen 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundBlood culture is the gold standard diagnostic method in candidemia in spite of long result time and low sensitivity rate. Early diagnosis is crucial for management of candidemia because a delay in treatment is related with increased mortality. We aimed to evaluate the direct applicability of antifungal susceptibility testing methods from positive blood culture bottles to save at least 24 hours.MethodsBlood culture bottles were inoculated with 62 Candida isolates. Etest and broth microdilution (BMD) methods for six antifungals, disk diffusion (DD) method for two antifungals were performed, both directly from bottles and standardly.ResultsEssential agreements between direct and standard Etest methods were 87.1% for caspofungin and >90% for other antifungals, but the agreements of them with reference BMD were relatively low. Essential agreement between direct and standard BMD was >93%. Correlation between direct and standard DD methods was very high, negative correlations were observed between reference BMD and DD methods.ConclusionBMD is a reference method to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility, direct application of BMD might provide reliable results at least 24 hours earlier. Direct DD method may be a qualitative alternative. Direct susceptibility testing methods may be very useful to initiating the appropriate treatment on time.
The Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ertugliflozin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sahasrabudhe V. , Terra S. G. , Hickman A. , Saur D. , Shi H. , O'Gorman M. , Zhou Z. , Cutler D. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractErtugliflozin is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The glycemic efficacy of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors such as ertugliflozin depends on glucose filtration through the kidney. This phase 1, open‐label study evaluated the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of ertugliflozin (15 mg) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate not normalized for body surface area ≥90 mL/min) and type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with mild (60‐89 mL/min), moderate (30‐59 mL/min), or severe (<30 mL/min) renal impairment (n = 36). Blood and urine samples were collected predose and over 96 hours postdose for pharmacokinetic evaluation and measurement of urinary glucose excretion over 24 hours. Log‐linear regression analyses indicated predicted mean area under the concentration‐time curve values for mild, moderate, and severe renal function groups that were ≤70% higher relative to subjects with normal renal function. Generally consistent results were obtained with categorical analysis based on analysis of variance. The increase in ertugliflozin exposure in subjects with renal impairment is not expected to be clinically meaningful. Regression analysis of change from baseline in urinary glucose excretion over 24 hours vs estimated glomerular filtration rate showed a decrease in urinary glucose excretion with declining renal function. A single 15‐mg dose of ertugliflozin was well tolerated in all groups.
Screening of sorbents for recovery of succinic and itaconic acid from fermentation broths
Authors: De Wever Heleen , Dennewald Danielle 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe di‐carboxylic acids succinic acid and itaconic acid are promising building block chemicals that can be produced through fermentation, but the processes would benefit from enhancements in product recovery. While sorption has already been studied to some extent for succinate/succinic acid removal, literature on the potential of sorption for itaconic acid recovery is scarce. This work aimed to screen a range of sorbents and/or resins for their capacity to separate both acids from fermentation broths, envisaging both ex situ and in situ product recovery applications.RESULTSStatic batch screening led to a shortlist of four promising products. These were further characterized in terms of dynamic sorption capacity, regenerability, acid recovery, ability to concentrate the product and stability during sorption–desorption cycles. Final tests with real fermentation broth gave unsatisfactory results for succinic acid recovery. For itaconic acid, promising results were obtained both on synthetic solutions and on a real fermentation broth.CONCLUSIONWhile it is doubtful that adsorption will be the process of choice for in situ or ex situ succinic acid recovery, well performing sorbents could be identified for itaconic acid recovery from fermentation broths, offering perspectives for in situ product recovery applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrochemical and piezoelectric monitoring of taurine via electropolymerized molecularly imprinted films
Authors: Singh Ambareesh Kumar , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA molecularly imprinted electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) sensor is fabricated here for taurine, a β‐amino acid significant for functioning of almost all vital organs. The polymeric film of l‐methionine was electrochemically deposited on gold‐coated EQCM electrode. Experimental parameters were optimized for controlling the performance of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)‐modified sensor such as ratio of monomer and template, number of electropolymerization cycles, mass deposited in each cycle, and pH. Thus, fabricated MIP‐EQCM sensor was successfully applied for estimation of taurine in solutions with varying matrices, such as aqueous, human blood plasma, milk from cow, buffalo, and milk powder. Under optimized parameters, response of MIP sensor to taurine was linearly proportional to its concentration with limit of detection as 0.12μM. Hence, a highly sensitive and selective piezoelectric sensor for taurine has been reported here via imprinting approach.
Organic meat quality of dual purpose young bulls supplemented with pea (Pisum sativum L.) or soybean
Authors: Corazzin Mirco , Piasentier Edi , Saccà Elena , Bazzoli Ilario , Bovolenta Stefano 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the main constraints established by organic legislation that limits the development of the rearing of young bulls is the ban on the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO). Most of the worldwide cultivated soybean is GMO, therefore the use of alternative protein sources should be evaluated. In this study, the effect of dietary substitution of soybean with pea (Pisum sativum L.) on carcass characteristics and meat quality of dual purpose young bulls reared following the organic method was investigated.RESULTSTwenty‐four young bulls of Rendena breed were randomly assigned to two diet treatments differing in protein supplement (soybean (SB) or field pea (FP)). Carcass characteristics and meat chemical composition, colour, cooking loss and Warner–Bratzler shear force did not differ between groups. Regarding meat fatty acid composition, SB showed higher concentrations of C18:0 and C18:1 t and lower C16:1n‐9c, C14:0, C17:1n‐9c and C18:1n‐9c than FP. In descriptive sensory analysis, trained judges were not able to differentiate meats from SB and FP, which also had similar overall liking expressed by consumers.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that FP can replace SB in the diet of dual purpose young bulls with only a minor influence on fatty acid composition and no effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Kernel oil content and oil composition in walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions from north‐eastern Italy
Authors: Poggetti Luca , Ferfuia Claudio , Chiabà Cristina , Testolin Raffaele , Baldini Mario 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDWalnut oil use is currently limited by its poor oxidative stability due to the high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Modifying the oil composition may be a goal in walnut breeding to increase interest in this crop. Exploring natural variability and identifying the main environmental factors affecting oil quality are necessary in crop selection. Therefore 190 wild accessions were collected and evaluated during 2013 and 2014 for oil content and its fatty acid profile and compared with five commercial cultivars as references.RESULTSHigh variation in kernel oil content and fatty acid composition was found in the native walnut. Kernel oil content ranged from 54.2 to 72.2% (w/w). The major fatty acids were linoleic (range 46.9–68.6%), oleic (10.0–25.1%), linolenic (6.9–17.6%), palmitic (3.9–11.4%) and stearic (1.1–5.2%) acids. Some accessions had oil with a fatty acid ratio very different from the reference commercial cultivars, especially the oleic acid/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio. A significant linear relationship and positive correlation between the daily minimum temperature and oleic acid content was observed in the wild walnuts.CONCLUSIONThe wide variation in fatty acid content and composition allows superior accessions to be selected for diffusion among growers. A suitable strategy would be to make a selection against PUFA content rather than just for high oleic acid. In addition, the selected high oleic accessions, before being utilized per se or as donor parents in breeding programs, have to demonstrate they are not adversely affected by the environment. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Low incidence of metastasis and recurrence from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma found in a UK population: Do we need to adjust our thinking on this rare but potentially fatal event?
Authors: Nelson Toby G. , Ashton Richard E. 
Published: July 2017

Background and MethodsCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the commonest skin cancer with metastatic potential, however, reported rates of metastasis varies greatly. All cases of primary cSCC on the Isle of Wight between 2005 and 2014 were identified and retrospectively followed for recurrence and/or metastasis. Primary outcome was to identify the rate of metastasis/recurrence from cSCC. Secondary outcomes included associated risk factors for metastasis/recurrence, death from cSCC, and time from diagnosis of primary cSCC to event.ResultsA total of 1122 patients with 1495 tumors were identified within the study period. A total of 18 metastasized and 40 recurred, an overall incidence of 1.2% and 2.7%, respectively. Eight patients died from their disease.ConclusionsRisk of metastasis from cSCC in the UK general population is likely to be in the order of 1.2%. Where metastasis occurs this is often within 2 years. Recurrence rates are higher following curette and cautery.DiscussionIf treated adequately both recurrence and metastasis from cSCC is a rare event. Not all cSCC cases need follow‐up instead time should be spent educating patients around signs of recurrence/metastasis then discharged, relieving burden on secondary care. Multi‐disciplinary teaming meetings are expensive and should be limited to complex cases.
Use of a 72‐cm‐long extended bilateral deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap for reconstruction of a lower leg with no suitable recipient vessel around the injury zone: A case report
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Yamamoto Takumi , Hayashi Akitatsu , Iida Takuya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn free‐flap reconstruction of the lower extremity, due either to trauma or pre‐existing vascular disease, healthy vessels may not be readily available in the proximity of the defect. A variety of options including a cross‐leg free flap, vein grafts, arteriovenous loops, and “bridging” flaps have been used to address the issue. The purpose of this report is to present a case in which a 72‐cm long extended bilateral deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) free flap was used for coverage of a 20 × 25 cm soft tissue defect of the lower leg following a Gustilo grade IIIC fracture in a 29‐year‐old man. Because usable recipient vessels were far from the zone of injury, and to avoid complications accompanying long vein grafts, a long flap was necessary. The exposed tibia required coverage with a free flap, but peripheral portions of the defect with exposed muscles could be covered with a skin graft. Thus, a 72 × 12 cm flap was chosen. The flap was based on both bilateral DIEPs and on the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA). The flap survived completely with no complications. After one debulking surgery, the flap and the donor site showed pleasing cosmesis, and the patient could walk without crutches at 18 months after the first surgery. In cases where no healthy recipient vessels can be found close to the defect, we believe that the use of an extended bilateral DIEP flap may be a feasible option which shortens or precludes vein grafts with no additional flap donor sites.
Parenting stress and development of late preterm infants at 4 months corrected age
Authors: Mughal Muhammad K. , Ginn Carla S. , Magill‐Evans Joyce , Benzies Karen M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTParenting stress has been linked to child development issues in early preterm infants, but less is known about its effects on development in infants born late preterm. We examined relationships between parenting stress of 108 mothers and 108 fathers and development of late preterm infants born at 34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks gestation. At 4 months corrected age, mothers and fathers completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI‐3); mothers were primary caregivers in almost all families and completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ‐2) on child development. Mothers reported significantly more stress than fathers on the PSI‐3 Parent Domain. PSI‐3 subscale scores from the Child Domain were significant predictors of mother‐reported infant development as measured by the ASQ‐2 in regression models: Reinforces Parent predicted Gross Motor, Mood predicted Communication, and Acceptability predicted Communication, Fine Motor, Problem Solving, and Personal ‐Social development scale scores. Experiences of parenting stress differed for mothers and fathers. Further research is required on specific dimensions of parenting stress related to development of late preterm infants.
Photooxygenation of oxygen‐substituted naphthalenes
Authors: Bauch Marcel , Krtitschka Angela , Linker Torsten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe reaction of oxygen‐substituted naphthalenes with singlet oxygen (1O2) has been investigated, and labile endoperoxides have been isolated and characterized at –78°C for the first time. Low‐temperature kinetics by UV spectroscopy revealed that alkoxy and silyloxy substituents remarkably increase the rate of photooxygenations compared to 1,4‐dimethylnaphthalene, whereas acyloxy‐substituted acenes are inert towards 1O2. The reactivities nicely correlate with HOMO energies and free activation energies, which we determined by density functional theory calculations. The lability of the isolated endoperoxides is due to their very fast back reaction to the corresponding naphthalenes even at –20°C under release of 1O2, making them to superior sources of this reactive species under very mild conditions. Finally, a carbohydrate‐substituted naphthalene has been synthesized, which reacts reversibly with 1O2 and might be applied for enantioselective oxidations in future work.
A multiresponse model for reliability‐based simulation optimization in systems subjected to random external stresses
Authors: Hejazi Taha‐Hossein 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSystems with multiple output characteristics are very difficult to optimize, especially where outputs are interrelated and some external factors affect their performance. In many systems, some correlations and/or conflicts exist between performance measures. Multiple response optimization is a mathematical‐statistical technique that helps experts improve all the system's outputs, simultaneously. The present work aims to derive a stress‐strength reliability measure for multiresponse problems, so the strength criteria of a system are optimized against external stresses. To achieve this purpose, multivariate normal‐normal stress‐strength models are developed and applied for optimization of (s, S) inventory systems in which demands and lead times are random. At the end, a numerical example is also studied to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Structure‐independent motion recovery from a monocular image sequence with low fill fraction
Authors: Keshavan Jishnu , Humbert J. Sean 
Published: July 2017

SummaryReal‐world image sequences are usually characterized by frequent loss and replacement of tracked feature data, and the key to accurate motion recovery from such image sequences lies in the synthesis of a structure‐independent dynamic filter that enables the replacement of lost point features with newly acquired points in a seamless manner. In this note, a novel nonlinear observer is proposed that relies on filtered estimates of optical flow to accomplish structure‐independent motion recovery from monocular image sequences with a low fill fraction. With a single component of linear velocity assumed known, the proposed scheme relies on the perspective observation of at least five points to yield exponentially convergent estimates of the unknown motion parameters that converge to a uniform, ultimate bound in the presence of model error. The unknown linear and angular velocities are assumed to be generated using an imperfectly known model that incorporates a bounded uncertainty, and optical flow estimation is accomplished using a robust differentiator that is based on the sliding‐mode technique. Numerical results are used to validate and demonstrate superior observer performance compared to a leading alternative design on a real‐world–like image sequence that is characterized by significant measurement noise and high feature turnover rate.
Performance evaluation of infilled rocking wall frame structure
Authors: Wu Shoujun , Yang T.Y. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryConventional reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are prone to soft‐story mechanism. This deficiency can be eliminated by introducing rocking wall system. Previously studied rocking wall systems usually have the rocking wall situated outside the frame, which results in some challenges and inconvenience. In the study, a novel infilled rocking wall frame (IRWF) system is proposed, which uses infilled RC wall to create a rocking wall within the RC frame. To evaluate seismic performance of the proposed system, both an IRWF model and an RC frame (RCF) model were designed according to Chinese seismic design code. Time history analysis and incremental dynamic analysis were conducted to compare both systems. The results show that IRWF system has more uniform drift and higher collapse margin ratio compared to the RCF system. Economic evaluation of IRWF system was investigated using the state‐of‐the‐art ATC‐58 performance‐based assessment methodology. The result shows superior performance of the IRWF system. The annualized loss of the IRWF model is about 28% less than the RCF model. This shows IRWF system is a viable and efficient alternative resilient seismic force resisting system.
The Effect of Monoglyceride Polymorphism on Cold‐Flow Properties of Biodiesel Model Fuel
Authors: Sugami Yuitsu , Yoshidomi Shinichiro , Minami Eiji , Shisa Noriko , Hayashi Hitoshi , Saka Shiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe cloud point (CP) of biodiesel refers to the temperature at which crystallization begins on cooling. However, solid precipitates are often formed at a temperature higher than the CP during storage. Such precipitates are known to consist largely of monoglycerides (MGs) as intermediate compounds. MGs have high melting points, which are detrimental to the cold‐flow properties of biodiesel. MGs have several polymorphic forms, including α, β′ and β, with different melting points (α < β′ < β), and this fact makes the behavior of biodiesel at low temperature complicated. In this study, the precipitation behavior of MGs in biodiesel is discussed focusing on polymorphism using 1‐monopalmitin and methyl oleate mixtures as a model biodiesel fuel. The CPs measured were close to the calculated solid‐liquid equilibrium curve for α‐type 1‐monopalmitin. However, precipitates formed at temperatures higher than the CP when the mixtures were held at temperatures lower than the equilibrium curve of the β′ form. This indicates that the β′ form causes a risk of precipitation at temperatures above the CP and that the CP is not a suitable indicator of the cold‐flow properties of biodiesel.