bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drogas y educación: una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Losada Salgado Néncer , Chica Lasso Marco Fidel 
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo busca centrarse en la revisión bibliográfica alrededor del tema “drogas y educación”. Aunque muchos son las naciones que han investigado acerca de esta temática, como apuesta metodológica solo fueron tomadas aquellas investigaciones realizadas en países involucrados directamente en la lucha antidrogas, ya sea desde la orilla de la oferta (países latinoamericanos) y desde el lado de la demanda (España y Estados Unidos). Tomando en cuenta este criterio de delimitación de las investigaciones, se procedió a organizarlas según su naturaleza, en cuanto si eran de orden teórico, o de trabajo de campo. Ahora bien, la finalidad de esta revisión bibliográfica es, en un primer momento, hacer una descripción de cada una de las investigaciones realizadas, para posteriormente efectuar un análisis crítico, en el que se incluye el hecho de que todas las investigaciones parten de conceptos como: drogas y prevención, como si fueran estos mismos incuestionables.
Prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Revisión teórica de los modelos y estrategias preventivas
Authors: Llano Sierra Laura , Martínez Saldarriaga Mayra Gisella , Torres Benítez Mariana , Ochoa Parra Jessica Magaly , Peláez Olarte Daniela 
Published: April 2017

Se entienden los modelos conceptuales en prevención como construcciones que se han venido desarrollando lentamente, los cuales responden a contextos en los que se reflexiona acerca de la construcción teórica y la acción práctica. Dichos constructos, se van adaptando a la situación cultural, política, económica del país, teniendo en cuenta la posible relación entre los modelos preventivos y las necesidades. Lo ideal sería implementar, en cualquier acción que involucre lo teórico y lo práctico, referentes investigativos que retomen diversas perspectivas para asumir el fenómeno del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) y, por tanto, de la prevención del mismo, teniendo presente a la sustancia, al individuo y al contexto y tomando al ser humano y al consumo de SPA como un proceso dinámico compuesto por variables: psicológicas, sociales-culturales-políticas y biológicas que requieren intervención. Lo anterior se puede lograr revisando modelos teóricos que centren su atención en cada una de las variables mencionadas, para construir un modelo integrativo que dé respuesta a la globalidad de la problemática, y del que sea posible evaluar constantemente la vigencia, posibilidades de aplicación, pertinencia y relevancia. A partir del abordaje de modelos teóricos basados en las representaciones sociales, se trata la prevención referida al conjunto de creencias de un sistema cultural como tal y se menciona la necesidad de intervenir en las percepciones -estructura del pensamiento de un sujeto social inscrito en un periodo histórico y en una situación específica-, percibiendo el consumo desde otra perspectiva. Cabe mencionar que el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión teórica sobre los modelos y estrategias preventivas del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, con el fin de orientar hipótesis partiendo de la implementación de programas de prevención.
RELASI SOSIO-EKONOMI PETANI DENGAN PEMILIK LAHAN MELALUI KONSEP MUKHĀBARAH DAN MUZĀRA‘AH DI DESA ARANG LIMBUNG KECAMATAN SUNGAI RAYA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
Authors: Rasiam Rasiam 
Published: April 2017

This writing addresses the practice of mukhabarah and muzara’ah in cultivating
farms in Arang Limbung village, Sungai Raya district, Kubu Raya regency.
Socioeconomic cooperation between farmhands and land lords constitute a mutual
symbiosis; by cooperating they can handle the problems of cultivating farms.
Landlords do not have sufficient time and skill to cultivate their farms while
farmhands do not have land to plough. Consequently, they must collaborate
through the concept of mukhabarah and muzaraah in which the profit sharing is
according to the common agreement. This socioeconomic cooperation is based on
trust and fair profit sharing that include: first, the basis of this cooperation is to help
each other instead of doing business; and second, the profit sharing is according to
farms production. Thus, this collaboration is not only based on profit objectives but
social consideration as well.
Keywords: Mukhābarah, muzāra‘ah, socio economic cooperation.
KAJIAN EPIGRAFIS PRASASTI BABAHAN
Authors: Prihatmoko Hedwi 
Published: April 2017

Babahan inscriptions are not fully published until now. Historical data which were revealed from Babahan inscriptions are very limited. This research aims to reconstruct cultural history and reveal social institutions depicted in Babahan inscriptions in order to add historical data of ancient Bali. The data were collected through observation, such as physical attributes, material, amount of plates, amount of lines on every plate, type of letters, and type of languages, then continued with literature study. Analysis was done through transliteration, editing, and translation. Interpretation is presented descriptively by placing it in the context of ancient Bali history. The result of this research is that Babahan inscriptions could be grouped into two groups. Group one uses ancient Balinese letter and language which was issued by King Ugrasena. Group two uses ancient Javanese letter and language which was issued by King Wālaprabhu. The social institutions, depicted by Babahan inscriptions, are political and religious institutions. Political institution is depicted through the mentions of official positions in the government and social order in society. Religious institution is depicted through the mentions of official positions of religious leaders, sacred places, the idea of king leadership, and ṡapatha. Prasasti Babahan merupakan kelompok prasasti yang belum diterbitkan secara utuh. Data sejarah yang diungkapkan dari Prasasti Babahan masih sangat terbatas hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan rekonstruksi sejarah kebudayaan dan mengungkapkan gambaran pranata sosial yang ada di dalamnya untuk melengkapi penyusunan sejarah Bali kuno. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung terhadap unsur fisik, bahan, jumlah lempeng, jumlah baris tiap lempeng, jenis aksara, dan jenis bahasa, serta studi kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan melalui alih aksara, penyuntingan prasasti, dan alih bahasa. Penafsiran disajikan secara deskriptif dengan menempatkannya di dalam konteks sejarah Bali kuno. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Prasasti Babahan merupakan prasasti sima yang terdiri dari dua kelompok. Kelompok I menggunakan aksara dan bahasa Bali kuno yang dikeluarkan oleh Raja Ugrasena, sedangkan kelompok II menggunakan aksara dan bahasa Jawa kuno yang dikeluarkan oleh Raja Wālaprabhu. Pranata sosial yang tampak dari Prasasti Babahan adalah pranata politik dan agama. Pranata politik digambarkan melalui penyebutan nama jabatan di pemerintahan dan tatanan sosial di masyarakat. Pranata agama digambarkan melalui penyebutan nama jabatan pemuka agama, tempat suci keagamaan, gagasan kepemimpinan raja, dan ṡapatha.
Uniform Silicon Isotope Ratios Across the Milky Way Galaxy
Authors: Monson Nathaniel N. , Morris Mark R. , Young Edward D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We report the relative abundances of the three stable isotopes of silicon, 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si, across the Galaxy using the

transition of silicon monoxide. The chosen sources represent a range in Galactocentric radii (

) from 0 to 9.8 kpc. The high spectral resolution and sensitivity afforded by the Green Bank Telescope permit isotope ratios to be corrected for optical depths. The optical-depth-corrected data indicate that the secondary-to-primary silicon isotope ratios

and

vary much less than predicted on the basis of other stable isotope ratio gradients across the Galaxy. Indeed, there is no detectable variation in Si isotope ratios with

. This lack of an isotope ratio gradient stands in stark contrast to the monotonically decreasing trend with

exhibited by published secondary-to-primary oxygen isotope ratios. These results, when considered in the context of the expectations for chemical evolution, suggest that the reported oxygen isotope ratio trends, and perhaps those for carbon as well, require further investigation. The methods developed in this study for SiO isotopologue ratio measurements are equally applicable to Galactic oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen isotope ratio measurements, and should prove useful for future observations of these isotope systems.
The Correlation between Halo Mass and Stellar Mass for the Most Massive Galaxies in the Universe
Authors: Tinker Jeremy L. , Brownstein Joel R. , Guo Hong , Leauthaud Alexie , Maraston Claudia , Masters Karen , Montero-Dorta Antonio D. , Thomas Daniel , Tojeiro Rita , Weiner Benjamin , Zehavi Idit , Olmstead Matthew D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present measurements of the clustering of galaxies as a function of their stellar mass in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We compare the clustering of samples using 12 different methods for estimating stellar mass, isolating the method that has the smallest scatter at fixed halo mass. In this test, the stellar mass estimate with the smallest errors yields the highest amplitude of clustering at fixed number density. We find that the PCA stellar masses of Chen et al. clearly have the tightest correlation with halo mass. The PCA masses use the full galaxy spectrum, differentiating them from other estimates that only use optical photometric information. Using the PCA masses, we measure the large-scale bias as a function of

for galaxies with

, correcting for incompleteness at the low-mass end of our measurements. Using the abundance matching ansatz to connect dark matter halo mass to stellar mass, we construct theoretical models of

that match the same stellar mass function but have different amounts of scatter in stellar mass at fixed halo mass,

. Using this approach, we find

. This value includes both intrinsic scatter as well as random errors in the stellar masses. To partially remove the latter, we use repeated spectra to estimate statistical errors on the stellar masses, yielding an upper limit to the intrinsic scatter of 0.16 dex.
A Comprehensive Library of X-Ray Pulsars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Time Evolution of Their Luminosities and Spin Periods
Authors: Yang J. , Laycock S. G. T. , Christodoulou D. M. , Fingerman S. , Coe M. J. , Drake J. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have collected and analyzed the complete archive ofXMM-Newton(116),Chandra(151), andRXTE(952) observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), spanning 1997–2014. The resulting observational library provides a comprehensive view of the physical, temporal, and statistical properties of the SMC pulsar population across the luminosity range oferg s−1. From a sample of 65 pulsars we report ∼1654 individual pulsar detections, yielding ∼1260 pulse-period measurements. Our pipeline generates a suite of products for each pulsar detection: spin period, flux, event list, high time-resolution light curve, pulse profile, periodogram, and spectrum. Combining all three satellites, we generated complete histories of the spin periods, pulse amplitudes, pulsed fractions, and X-ray luminosities. Some pulsars show variations in pulse period due to the combination of orbital motion and accretion torques. Long-term spin-up/spin-down trends are seen in 12/11 pulsars, respectively, pointing to sustained transfer of mass and angular momentum to the neutron star on decadal timescales. Of the sample, 30 pulsars have a relatively very small spin period derivative and may be close to equilibrium spin. The distributions of pulse detection and flux as functions of spin period provide interesting findings: mapping boundaries of accretion-driven X-ray luminosity and showing that fast pulsars (P < 10 s) are rarely detected, which as of yet are more prone to giant outbursts. Accompanying this paper is an initial public release of the library so that it can be used by other researchers. We intend the library to be useful in driving improved models of neutron star magnetospheres and accretion physics.
HALOGAS Observations of NGC 4559: Anomalous and Extraplanar H i and its Relation to Star Formation
Authors: Vargas Carlos J. , Heald George , Walterbos René A. M. , Fraternali Filippo , Patterson Maria T. , Rand Richard J. , Józsa Gyula I. G. , Gentile Gianfranco , Serra Paolo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We use new deep 21 cm H i observations of the moderately inclined galaxy NGC 4559 in the HALOGAS survey to investigate the properties of extraplanar gas. We use TiRiFiC to construct simulated data cubes to match the H i observations. We find that a thick-disk component of scale height ∼2 kpc, characterized by a negative vertical gradient in its rotation velocity (lag) of ∼13 ± 5 km s−1 kpc−1 is an adequate fit to extraplanar gas features. The tilted ring models also present evidence for a decrease in the magnitude of the lag outside R
25, and a radial inflow of ∼10 km s−1. We extracted lagging extraplanar gas through Gaussian velocity profile fitting. From both the 3D models and extraction analyses we conclude that ∼10%–20% of the total H i mass is extraplanar. Most of the extraplanar gas is spatially coincident with regions of star formation in spiral arms, as traced by Hα and GALEX FUV images, so it is likely due to star formation processes driving a galactic fountain. We also find the signature of a filament of a kinematically “forbidden” H i feature, containing ∼1.4 × 106
M
⊙ of H i, and discuss its potential relationship to a nearby H i hole. We discover a previously undetected dwarf galaxy in H i located ∼0.°4 (∼58 kpc) from the center of NGC 4559, containing ∼4 × 105
M
⊙. This dwarf has counterpart sources in SDSS with spectra typical of H ii regions, and we conclude that it is two merging blue compact dwarf galaxies.
H-atmospheres of Icy Super-Earths Formed In Situ in the Outer Solar System: An Application to a Possible Planet Nine
Authors: Levi A. , Kenyon S. J. , Podolak M. , Prialnik D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We examine the possibility that icy super-Earth mass planets, formed over long timescales (0.1–1 Gyr) at large distances (∼200–1000 au) from their host stars, will develop massive H-rich atmospheres. Within the interior of these planets, high pressure converts CH4 into ethane, butane, or diamond and releases H2. Using simplified models that capture the basic physics of the internal structure, we show that the physical properties of the atmosphere depend on the outflux of H2 from the mantle. When this outflux is

molec cm−2 s−1, the outgassed atmosphere has a base pressure of ≲1 bar. Larger outflows result in a substantial atmosphere where the base pressure may approach 103–104 bar. For any pressure, the mean density of these planets, 2.4–3 g cm−3, is much larger than the mean density of Uranus and Neptune, 1.3–1.6 g cm−3. Thus, observations can distinguish between a Planet Nine with a primordial H/He-rich atmosphere accreted from the protosolar nebula and one with an atmosphere outgassed from the core.
Comparison of Technology Qualification Approaches
Authors: Ye Joanna , D`Angelo Luis , Viteri Martha , Weston Robert , Caires Luis 
Published: April 2017

New concepts and technology are vital for the Oil & Gas industry to meet ever more challenging requirements for drilling and production in deep and ultra-deep waters. When new technology is deployed, whether with novel equipment or standard equipment in novel applications, it is critical to build confidence in ts safety and reliability before implementation. Given that current industry standards and codes might not address all potential modes of failure for new technologies, a systematic technology qualification process can be used to identify and mitigate any potential threats. Compliance with the required functionality and reliability requirements can be demonstrated through qualification methods such as testing and analyses, and the uncertainty or risks associated with the technology, system and interfaces can be eliminated or minimized.
Several recognized technology qualification methodologiesare currently available to the industry that completely or partially address qualification of new technology: ISO 20815 Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries - production assurance and reliability management [1], NASA technology readiness level assessment system [2], DOE G 413.3-4A technology readiness assessment guide [3], Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) Guidance, United States Department of Defense [4], , API RP 17N Recommended Practice for Subsea Production Systems Reliability and Technical Risk Management [5], API RP 17Q Subsea Equipment Qualification [6], and DNV RP A203 Technology Qualification [7].
Two of the widely accepted technology qualification (TQ) methodologies in the offshore Oil & Gas industry are API 17N [5] and 17Q [6] and DNV RP A203 [7]. Although both methodologies are quite similar, the differences may confuse technology developers, this paper addresses differences including the circumstances under which one might be more efficient/cost-effective than the other, how new technology is defined, and how much rigor is needed to address potential threats.
In summary, this paper reviews and examines the similarities and differences that are presented in the two widely accepted TQ methodologies. Further, this paper provides insights on how to employ these methodologies to meet specific end user needs. In addition, a case study is included to demonstrate the comparisons between the methodologies.
Estimation of BOP Stack Drag and Added Mass Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Lopez Carlos F. , Pordal Harbinder , Bhalla Kenneth , Stahl Matthew J. 
Published: April 2017

The hydrodynamic drag and added mass of a blowout preventer (BOP stack) influences the resonant amplitudes and frequencies of a drilling riser system during connected (low amplitude oscillations) and disconnected (high amplitude oscillation) conditions. The prediction of hydrodynamic loads on a BOP stack at resonant frequencies is of importance for analyzing wellhead and casing fatigue and ensuring well integrity. Accurate prediction of dynamic hook load fluctuation is also of significant importance, particularly in determining feasibility for deploying and hanging-off drilling riser systems in ultra-deep water.A predictive technique based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods is developed to estimate hydrodynamic forces exerted on a BOP stack. This method is applied to analyze the flow behavior during steady-state flow, connected oscillation, and disconnected hang-off oscillation to characterize the stack added mass and drag properties. This study considers four scenarios:Steady-state drag over the BOP stack,Lateral oscillations of the BOP stack in stationary water,Lateral oscillations of the BOP stack under nominal current conditions andCoupled axial and lateral oscillations in stationary water.This paper describes the use of CFD coupled with analytical methods to obtain key characteristic parameters associated with an oscillating BOP stack.The analysis shows that the steady-state drag coefficient significantly under predicts the drag coefficient for an oscillating BOP stack. The drag coefficient of an oscillating BOP stack in stationary water is significantly higher than the corresponding steady-state drag coefficient. The added mass coefficient shows dependence on oscillation amplitude and frequency; however, the dependence is not as significant as that observed for the drag coefficient. The combined lateral and axial oscillations show similar values of drag coefficient and added mass as the uncoupled lateral or axial oscillations. A study of BOP stack added mass and drag under nominal background current shows changes to the drag and added mass computed with stationary water conditions for an oscillating BOP stack.The viability of using computational methods for determining drag and added mass coefficients for a BOP stack under various conditions is established. Hydrodynamic coefficients that have been determined by this approach can be used to improve the accuracy of dynamic global drilling riser and wellhead fatigue analysis.
Experimental Investigation of Propellant Fracturing in a Large Sandstone Block
Authors: Malhotra Sahil , Rijken Peggy , Sanchez Alicia 
Published: April 2017

Propellants have been utilized in oil and gas wells to assist with perforating and creating near wellbore stimulation. Propellants are electrically ignited in the wellbore at the perforated interval. Upon ignition they rapidly create a large amount of gas and the pressurization leads to breakdown of the formation. It has been postulated that the pressurization leads to creation of multiple fractures in the formation. This paper describes an experimental study with a new propellant and aims to understand the pattern of fracture creation with these propellants. The results are also compared to an older generation of propellant tested by Wieland et al. 2006 (SPE 102907).A large scale laboratory test was performed in a sandstone block (30″ × 30″ × 54″) with a 2″ diameter vertical centralized wellbore extending the full block height. The block was loaded in a poly-axial stress frame. A proppellant cartridge was positioned in the center of the wellbore. Small holes were drilled in the rock to intersect the expected primary fracture and instrumented with high resolution pressure gauges to enable fracture timing and growth rate analysis. Anisotropic stresses representative of field conditions were applied on the block and the wellbore was pressurized prior to ignition.The propellant ignition produced an initial peak pressure of 5,790psi in 1.4 milliseconds followed by saw tooth pattern of pressure increase to a maximum pressure of 6,600psi before decaying due to fracture growth and gas leak-off. The block was removed from the test frame and cut vertically and horizontally to examine the fracture pattern generated by the propellant. A dominant planar fracture was observed on either side of the wellbore which propagated in the direction perpendicular to the minimum horizontal stress direction. It was verified that the propellant had much higher burn rate than the propellant tested by Wieland et al. (2006).The large block test provides critical insights and data which can serve as important inputs to calibrate physics based models utilized for modeling propellant ignition and stimulation. The results help in understanding the benefits and limitations of using propellants for stimulation.