bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Ghezzi Antonio , Gabelloni Donata , Martini Antonella , Natalicchio Angelo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs academic and practitioner studies on crowdsourcing have been building up since 2006, the subject itself has progressively gained in importance within the broad field of management. No systematic review on the topic has so far appeared in management journals, however; moreover, the field suffers from ambiguity in the topic's definition, which in turn has led to its largely unstructured evolution. The authors therefore investigate the existing body of knowledge on crowdsourcing systematically through a penetrating review in which the strengths and weakness of this literature stream are presented clearly and then future avenues of research are set out. The review is based on 121 scientific articles published between January 2006 and January 2015. The review recognizes that crowdsourcing is ingrained in two mainstream disciplines within the broader subject matter of innovation and management: (1) open innovation; and (2) co‐creation. The review, in addition, also touches on several issues covered in other theoretical streams: (3) information systems management; (4) organizational theory and design; (5) marketing; and (6) strategy. The authors adopt a process perspective, applying the ‘Input–Process–Output’ framework to interpret research on crowdsourcing within the broad lines of: (1) Input (Problem/Task); (2) Process (session management; problem management; knowledge management; technology); and (3) Outcome (solution/completed task; seekers’ benefits; solvers’ benefits). This framework provides a detailed description of how the topic has evolved over time, and suggestions concerning the future direction of research are proposed in the form of research questions that are valuable for both academics and managers.
Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by respiratory infection
Authors: Ruane Lorcan , Buckley Thomas , Hoo Soon Y. S. , Hansen Peter S. , McCormack Catherine , Shaw Elizabeth , Fethney Judith , Tofler Geoffrey H. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundRespiratory infection has been associated with an increased short‐term risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, previous studies have predominantly been conducted without angiographic confirmation of MI. The possibility can therefore not be excluded that raised troponin levels or electrocardiogram abnormalities that may be seen with respiratory infections are due to non‐ischaemic causes.AimsTo investigate the association between respiratory infection and angiographically confirmed MI.MethodsInterviews were conducted within 4 days of hospitalisation in 578 patients with angiographically confirmed MI, to assess for recent exposure to respiratory infection symptoms and the usual annual frequency of these symptoms. Using case‐crossover methodology, exposure to respiratory infection prior to the onset of MI was compared against the usual frequency of exposure in the past year.ResultsSymptoms of respiratory infection were reported by 100 (17%) and 123 (21%) within 7 and 35 days, respectively, prior to MI. The relative risk (RR) for MI occurring within 1–7 days after respiratory infection symptoms was 17.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.2–21.8), and declined with subsequent time periods. In a subgroup analysis, the RR tended to be lower in groups taking regular cardiac medications. For those who reported milder, upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, the RR for the 1–7‐day time period was 13.5 (95% CI 10.2–17.7).ConclusionThese findings confirm that respiratory infection can trigger MI. Further study is indicated to identify treatment strategies to decrease this risk, particularly in individuals who may have increased susceptibility.
Massive plasmablast response elicited in the acute phase of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Authors: García Marina , Iglesias Ayelén , Landoni Verónica I. , Bellomo Carla , Bruno Agostina , Córdoba María Teresa , Balboa Luciana , Fernández Gabriela C. , Sasiain María del Carmen , Martínez Valeria P. , Schierloh Pablo 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBeside its key diagnostic value, the humoral immune response is thought to play a protective role in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. However, little is known about the cell source of these antibodies during ongoing human infection. Herein we characterized B‐cell subsets circulating in Andes‐virus‐infected patients. A notable potent plasmablast (PB) response that increased 100‐fold over the baseline levels was observed around 1 week after the onset of symptoms. These PB present a CD3neg CD19low CD20neg CD38hi CD27hi CD138+/− IgA+/− surface phenotype together with the presence of cytoplasmic functional immunoglobulins. They are large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) morphologically coincident with the ‘immunoblast‐like’ cells that have been previously described during blood cytology examinations of hantavirus‐infected patients. Immunoreactivity analysis of white blood cell lysates suggests that some circulating PB are virus‐specific but we also observed a significant increase of reactivity against virus‐unrelated antigens, which suggests a possible bystander effect by polyclonal B‐cell activation. The presence of this large and transient PB response raises the question as to whether these cells might have a protective or pathological role during the ongoing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and suggest their practical application as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker.
Maternal Lifetime Trauma Exposure, Prenatal Cortisol, and Infant Negative Affectivity
Authors: Bosquet Enlow Michelle , Devick Katrina L. , Brunst Kelly J. , Lipton Lianna R. , Coull Brent A. , Wright Rosalind J. 
Published: January 2017

Little research has examined the impact of maternal lifetime trauma exposure on infant temperament. We examined associations between maternal trauma history and infant negative affectivity and modification by prenatal cortisol exposure in a sociodemographically diverse sample of mother–infant dyads. During pregnancy, mothers completed measures of lifetime trauma exposure and current stressors. Third‐trimester cortisol output was assessed from maternal hair. When infants were 6 months old, mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire‐Revised. In analyses that controlled for infant sex and maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and stress during pregnancy, greater maternal trauma exposure was associated with increased infant distress to limitations and sadness. Higher and lower prenatal cortisol exposure modified the magnitude and direction of association between maternal trauma history and infant rate of recovery from arousal. The association between maternal trauma history and infant distress to limitations was somewhat stronger among infants exposed to higher levels of prenatal cortisol. The analyses suggested that maternal lifetime trauma exposure is associated with several domains of infant negative affectivity independently of maternal stress exposures during pregnancy and that some of these associations may be modified by prenatal cortisol exposure. The findings have implications for understanding the intergenerational impact of trauma exposure on child developmental outcomes.
Cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with successful and maintained quit smoking status among patients who received smoking cessation intervention with nurses’ counselling
Authors: Taniguchi Chie , Tanaka Hideo , Saka Hideo , Oze Isao , Tachibana Kazunobu , Nozaki Yasuhiro , Suzuki Yukio , Sakakibara Hisataka 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimTo identify cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with successful and maintained quit smoking status after patients received smoking cessation intervention with nurses’ counselling.BackgroundAlthough nurses’ intervention for smoking cessation is effective for patients, few studies have been conducted to identify cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with the success of quitting smoking.DesignProspective cohort studyMethodsIn a multi‐institutional study between October 2008 ‐ October 2014, we administered the Japanese smoking cessation therapy, which consists of smoking cessation intervention five times with nurses’ counselling over 12 weeks. Log‐binomial regression analysis was performed in 1,320 participants using the following independent variables: age, gender, having a present illness, prescription, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence, strength of desire to quit, age at smoking initiation, previous abstinence, motivation of quit smoking, self‐efficacy of quit smoking and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Factors associated with maintained cessation for 12 months were identified in the 541 abstainers at the end of the intervention.ResultsHaving higher self‐efficacy to quit smoking as assessed before the intervention was significantly associated with the success of quitting smoking at the end of the intervention. Strong desire to smoke as assessed at the end of the intervention was associated with significantly increased risk of discontinuing cessation during the 12 months after the end of the intervention.ConclusionIt is important for nurses who provide smoking cessation intervention to reinforce patients’ self‐efficacy and to control the strength of the patients’ desire to smoke by behavioural counselling.
The economic burden of nurse‐sensitive adverse events in 22 medical‐surgical units: retrospective and matching analysis
Authors: Tchouaket Eric , Dubois Carl‐Ardy , D'Amour Danielle 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the economic burden of nurse‐sensitive adverse events in 22 acute‐care units in Quebec by estimating excess hospital‐related costs and calculating resulting additional hospital days.BackgroundRecent changes in the worldwide economic and financial contexts have made the cost of patient safety a topical issue. Yet, our knowledge about the economic burden of safety of nursing care is quite limited in Canada in general and Quebec in particular.DesignRetrospective analysis of charts of 2699 patients hospitalized between July 2008 – August 2009 for at least 2 days of 30‐day periods in 22 medical‐surgical units in 11 hospitals in Quebec.MethodsData were collected from September 2009 to August 2010. Nurse‐sensitive adverse events analysed were pressure ulcers, falls, medication administration errors, pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Descriptive statistics identified numbers of cases for each nurse‐sensitive adverse event. A literature analysis was used to estimate excess median hospital‐related costs of treatments with these nurse‐sensitive adverse events. Costs were calculated in 2014 Canadian dollars. Additional hospital days were estimated by comparing lengths of stay of patients with nurse‐sensitive adverse events with those of similar patients without nurse‐sensitive adverse events.ResultsThis study found that five adverse events considered nurse‐sensitive caused nearly 1300 additional hospital days for 166 patients and generated more than Canadian dollars 600,000 in excess treatment costs.ConclusionThe results present the financial consequences of the nurse‐sensitive adverse events. Government should invest in prevention and in improvements to care quality and patient safety. Managers need to strengthen safety processes in their facilities and nurses should take greater precautions.
Three interaction patterns on asynchronous online discussion behaviours: A methodological comparison
Authors: Jo I. , Park Y. , Lee H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn asynchronous online discussion (AOD) is one format of instructional methods that facilitate student‐centered learning. In the wealth of AOD research, this study evaluated how students' behavior on AOD influences their academic outcomes. This case study compared the differential analytic methods including web log mining, social network analysis and content analysis which were selected by three interaction patterns: person to system (P2S), person to person (P2P) and person to content (P2C) interaction. Forty‐three undergraduate students participated in an online discussion forum for 12 weeks. Multiple regression analyses with the predictor variables from P2S, P2P and P2C and with a criterion variable of a final grade indicated several interesting findings. For P2S analysis, visits on board (VOB) had a significant variable to predict final grades. Also, the result of P2P analysis proved that in‐degree and out‐degree centrality predicted final grades. The P2C results based on cognitive presence represent that students' messages were mostly affiliated to the exploration and integration levels and also predicted the final grades. This study ultimately demonstrated the effectiveness of using multiple analytic methodologies to address and facilitate students' participation at AOD.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation first‐in‐man study (phase 0) to assess the safety and efficacy of topical cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor, AVX001, in patients with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis
Authors: Omland S.H. , Habicht A. , Damsbo P. , Wilms J. , Johansen B. , Gniadecki R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundCytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) is an enzyme suggested as a therapeutic target in inflammatory skin diseases. AVX001, a cPLA2α inhibitor, was investigated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, split‐design, first‐in‐man study in patients with mild to moderate psoriasis.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to evaluate cutaneous safety and tolerability of AVX001 in doses from 0.002% to 5.0%. Safety was assessed as local skin reaction adverse events (LSRAE) grades 3‐4. The secondary objective was assessment of efficacy on modified PASI (mPASI) score compared with placebo.MethodsOf 94 randomized men, 88 completed treatment with AVX001 and placebo. The treatment period was four weeks with two‐week follow‐up with assessment at screening, randomization and once weekly until study end. AVX001 and placebo were applied blinded at symmetrically affected areas once daily.ResultsAVX001 was safe with no grades 3‐4 LSRAE. A 29% reduction in mPASI was seen at the 5% dose level at week four. Post hoc analysis of combined doses of 3% and 5% showed a clinical relevant effect with 31% reduction in mPASI (P = 0.058) and statically significant reduction of the infiltration (P = 0.036). The actively treated side showed improvement in mPASI score after one week of treatment, and the observed improvement continued throughout the four weeks of treatment.ConclusionsTreatment with AVX001 is well tolerated in doses up to 5%, and showed placebo‐adjusted, clinical effects at a level of statistical significance. The improvement throughout the treatment period suggests that longer treatment could conceivably result in superior efficacy.
Non‐invasive anaesthetic methods for dermatological laser procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Greveling K. , Prens E.P. , Liu L. , van Doorn M.B.A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPain is a common side‐effect of dermatological laser procedures. Non‐invasive anaesthetic drugs and anaesthetic procedures can be used to provide pain relief and increase patient satisfaction and treatment efficacy. However, it remains unclear which method provides the best pain relief. The objective of this systematic review was therefore to assess the efficacy and safety of non‐invasive anaesthetic methods during dermatological laser procedures. A systematic literature search was conducted. Randomized and non‐randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs and CCTs) were included. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The quality of evidence was rated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Twenty RCTs and 12 CCTs were included, involving nine different laser indications: hair removal (n = 9), resurfacing/rejuvenation (n = 5), port wine stains (n = 8), leg telangiectasia (n = 3), facial telangiectasia (n = 2), tattoo removal (n = 2), naevus of Ota (n = 1), solar lentigines (n = 1) and HPV lesions (n = 1). The non‐invasive anaesthetic methods (i.e. topical anaesthetic drugs, skin cooling, and pneumatic skin flattening [PSF]), types of lasers, laser settings, application time, and types of pain scales varied widely among the included studies. All of the studies had an unclear or high risk of bias, and the overall quality of evidence was rated as low. In general, active non‐invasive anaesthetic methods seemed to provide favourable results compared to placebo or no anaesthesia, and topical anaesthetic drugs and PSF seemed to result in a better pain reduction than skin cooling. However, the current evidence is insufficient to provide recommendations for daily clinical practice. There is a need for more high‐quality (head‐to‐head) RCTs. Future studies should also evaluate sex differences in pain perception, have uniformity with regard to validated pain measurement scales and address clinically significant differences in pain reduction besides statistically significant differences.
Transgenerational effects alter plant defence and resistance in nature
Authors: Colicchio J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTrichomes, or leaf hairs, are epidermal extensions that take a variety of forms and perform many functions in plants, including herbivore defence. In this study, I document genetically determined variation, within‐generation plasticity, and a direct role of trichomes in herbivore defence for Mimulus guttatus. After establishing the relationship between trichomes and herbivory, I test for transgenerational effects of wounding on trichome density and herbivore resistance. Patterns of interannual variation in herbivore density and the high cost of plant defence makes plant–herbivore interactions a system in which transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TPP) is apt to evolve. Here, I demonstrate that parental damage alters offspring trichome density and herbivore resistance in nature. Moreover, this response varies between populations. This is among the first studies to demonstrate that TPP contributes to variation in nature, and also suggests that selection can modify TPP in response to local conditions.
Virulence and genotypes of white spot syndrome virus infecting Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in north‐western Mexico
Authors: Ramos‐Paredes J , Grijalva‐Chon J M , Ibarra‐Gámez J C 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has caused substantial global economic impact on aquaculture, and it has been determined that strains can vary in virulence. In this study, the effect of viral load was evaluated by infecting Litopenaeus vannamei with 10‐fold serial dilution of tissue infected with strain WSSV Mx‐H, and the virulence of four WSSV strains from north‐western Mexico was assessed along with their variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) genotypes in ORF75, ORF94 and ORF125. The LD50 of the Mx‐H strain was a dilution dose of 10−7.5; the mortality titre was 109.2 LD50 per gram. In shrimp injected with 102.5 to 106.5 LD50, no significant virulence differences were evident. Using mortality data, the four WSSV strains grouped into three virulence levels. The Mx‐F strain (intermediate virulence) and the Mx‐C strain (high virulence) showed more genetic differences than those observed between the Mx‐G (low‐virulence) and Mx‐H (high‐virulence) strains, in ORF94 and ORF125. The application of high‐viral‐load inocula proved useful in determining the different virulence phenotypes of the WSSV strains from the Eastern Pacific.
Diagnostic considerations for cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Pollock Galia , Minuk Gerald Y 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCholestatic liver disease results from insufficient bile synthesis, secretion and/or flow through the biliary tract. Common presenting features include fatigue, pruritus, and cholestatic liver enzyme abnormalities wherein elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐glutamyltransferases levels exceed those of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. With prolonged cholestasis, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, on occasion, carcinoma of the biliary tract or liver can occur. Once mechanical obstruction to bile flow has been ruled out, the majority of causes can be classified as immune‐mediated, infectious, or miscellaneous. Because specific therapeutic options are increasing for many causes of cholestasis, an accurate diagnosis is an important first step towards treatment. Thus, this review focuses on the diagnostic features of non‐mechanical causes of cholestasis.
A Population‐Based Study Examining Injury in Older Adults with and without Dementia
Authors: Meuleners Lynn B. , Hobday Michelle B. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of and risk factors for injuries in older adults with and without dementia.DesignRetrospective, population‐based cohort study.SettingWestern Australian Data Linkage System (WADLS).ParticipantsCases included 29,671 (47.9%) older adults aged 50 and older with an index hospital admission for dementia between 2001 and 2011. Comparison participants without dementia included a random sample of 32,277 (52.1%) older adults aged 50 and older from the state electoral roll.MeasurementsHospital admission to a metropolitan tertiary hospital for at least 24 hours with an injury.ResultsAge‐standardized all‐cause injury rates for older adults with dementia (≥60) were 117 per 1,000 population and 24 per 1,000 population for older adults without dementia. Falls caused the majority of injuries for both groups (dementia, 94%; without dementia, 87%), followed by transport‐related injuries and burns. Multivariate modeling found that older adults with a diagnosis of dementia had more than twice the risk of hospital admission for an injury than those without dementia (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.96–2.15). Other significant risk factors for a hospital admission for injury were age 85 and older (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.13–1.81), being unmarried (IRR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.12), and a history of falls (IRR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06). Women were at lower risk then men of a hospital admission due to an injury (IRR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87–0.97).ConclusionsOlder adults with dementia are at greater risk of a hospital admission for an injury. Multifactorial injury prevention programs would benefit older adults with and without dementia, especially those aged 85 and older, living alone, and with a history of previous falls.
Effect of empowerment on the quality of life of the survivors of breast cancer: The moderating effect of self‐help group participation
Authors: Shin Sunhwa , Park Hyojung 
Published: January 2017

AimTo analyze the moderating effect of self‐help group participation on the relationship between empowerment and quality of life for survivors of breast cancer.MethodsThis study was conducted in breast cancer centers in general hospitals and long‐term care hospitals with 264 survivors of breast cancer. The Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast were used for the data collection. Differences between the regularly attending participants in the self‐help groups and those who did not regularly attend were studied and these groups were dichotomized.ResultsThe empowerment of the survivors of breast cancer significantly influenced their quality of life. Depending on their participation in the self‐help group, there was a significant difference in their quality of life. After controlling for empowerment, however, participation in the self‐help group did not significantly influence the survivors' quality of life. Participation in the self‐help group had a significant effect on the survivors' sense of empowerment, which in turn positively influenced their quality of life.ConclusionIt is essential to provide emotional support, including valuable information, to the survivors of breast cancer who do not participate in self‐help groups.