bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk adulteration with acidified rennet whey: a limitation for caseinomacropeptide detection by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: de Pádua Alves Érika , de Alcântara Anna Laura D'Amico , Guimarães Anselmo José Klaechim , de Santana Elsa Helena Walter , Botaro Bruno Garcia , Fagnani Rafael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is widely employed to determine the caseinomacropeptide (CMP) index and to detect milk tampering with rennet whey. Prior to HPLC analysis, CMP is subject to a trichloracetic acid isolation, causing further soluble proteins in the sample to precipitate. On this basis, we aimed to determine whether rennet whey acidification could adversely affect the HPLC sensitivity with respect to detecting this peptide.RESULTSAs hypothesized, the CMP index from milk with added acidified rennet whey was, on average, half that quantified from milk with added rennet whey. Moreover, the quantum satis of acidified whey added to milk sufficient to demonstrate a HPLC CMP > 30 mg L–1 was 94% greater than that required for this threshold to be reached with rennet whey.CONCLUSIONMilk tampering with acidified rennet whey may limit the analytical sensitivity of the reversed‐phase HPLC employed for the screening of CMP and, ultimately, disguise the fraudulent addition of whey to milk. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Volatile changes in Hawaiian noni fruit, Morinda citrifolia L., during ripening and fermentation
Authors: Wall Marisa M , Miller Samuel , Siderhurst Matthew S 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNoni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L., Rubiaceae) has been used in traditional medicine throughout the tropics and subtropics and is now attracting interest in western medicine. Fermented noni juice is of particular interest for its promising antitumor activity. The present study collected and analyzed volatiles released at nine time intervals by noni fruit during ripening and fermentation using headspace autosampling coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSTwenty‐three noni volatiles were identified and relatively quantified. In addition to volatiles previously identified in noni, four novel volatile 3‐methyl‐2/3‐butenyl esters were identified via the synthesis of reference compounds. Principle component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were used to facilitate multidimensional pattern recognition. PCA showed that ripening noni fruit cluster into three groups, pre‐ripe, fully ripe (translucent) and fermented, based on released volatiles. CDA could 83.8% correctly classify noni samples when all ripeness stages were analyzed and 100% when samples were classified into the three PCA groupings.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study confirm the identities of 3‐methyl‐2/3‐butenyl esters, both novel and previously identified, through the synthesis of reference compounds. These esters constitute a large percentage of the volatiles released by fully ripe and fermented noni and likely produced from the decomposition of noniosides, a group of unique glucosides present in the fruit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative analysis of volatile compound profiles of propolis from different provenances
Authors: Mohtar Lina G , Rodríguez Sergio A , Nazareno Mónica A 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPropolis is a complex mixture that honey bees produce from the exudates of various plants and presents many medicinal properties. Its chemical composition varies according to the phytogeography characteristics of each region, among others. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in Venezuelan propolis and compare with reference samples such as Brazilian and Argentinian propolis.RESULTSA total of 90 VOCs were identified in a series of propolis samples using both solid‐phase microextraction and dynamic headspace (DHS), both coupled to a gas chromatograph–electron ionization mass spectrometer. In the case of Venezuelan propolis, sesquiterpenes, esters, aromatic compounds, and aliphatic hydrocarbons were identified. Limonene was found only in Venezuelan samples, this being the first time it has been identified in samples from this country. In the case of green propolis, β‐caryophyllene and nerolidol were the major compounds. As for the Argentinian samples, prenyl acetate, benzyl acetate, and 2‐phenylethyl acetate were detected only in these samples.CONCLUSIONSPossible chemical markers of natural sources such as limonene were detected using DHS extraction. Several compounds have also been identified for the first time in Venezuelan propolis. Cluster analysis allowed the relating of the propolis VOCs profile to their provenance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Review of pentosidine and pyrraline in food and chemical models: formation, potential risks and determination
Authors: Li He , Yu Shu‐Juan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPyrraline and pentosidine are advanced Maillard reaction products derived from the reaction of glucose with the lysine amino group on proteins. They have been implicated in uremia, diabetes, and related complications, including inflammation, retinopathy, and nephropathy. This review focuses on the formation mechanism, human potential risks, and detections of pentosidine and pyrraline and lays the foundation for further study of pentosidine and pyrraline. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination and dissipation of afidopyropen and its metabolite in wheat and soil using QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Chen Yajie , Guo Mingcheng , Liu Xingang , Xu Jun , Dong Fengshou , Wu Xiaohu , Li Baotong , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe dissipations of afidopyropen and its metabolite in wheat plant and soil were determined using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method with ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry under a field ecosystem. The limits of quantification were estimated for both target compounds as 0.001 mg/kg. The recoveries of afidopyropen and its metabolite ranged from 94 to 114% (soil), 90 to 109% (wheat seed) and 81 to 91% (wheat straw) at levels of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 2.0 mg/kg with relative standard deviations ≤7%. The results of the residual dynamics experiments showed that afidopyropen dissipated rapidly in wheat plant and soil. Its metabolite initially showed a tendency of rapid increase followed by a decrease in wheat plant but could not be detected in soil. The data showed that the first + first‐order model was more suitable for describing the decline of afidopyropen in wheat and soil. The half‐lives of afidopyropen in wheat plant and soil were 1.65 and 1.21 days, respectively.
Characterization and application of a lanthanide‐based metal–organic framework in the development and validation of a matrix solid‐phase dispersion procedure for pesticide extraction on peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Santos Barreto Alysson , de Cássia da Silva Andrade Paula , Meira Farias Jéssica , Menezes Filho Adalberto , Fernandes de Sá Gilberto , Alves Júnior Severino 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe metal–organic framework [(La0.9Sm0.1)2(DPA)3(H2O)3]∞ was synthetized and characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, differential thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The material was tested for the development and validation of a matrix solid‐phase dispersion procedure for extraction of atrazine, bifenthrin, bromuconazole, clofentezine, fenbuconazole, flumetralin, procymidone, and pirimicarb, from peppers, with analysis using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The method developed was linear over the range tested (50.0–1000.0 μg/kg for procymidone and 200.0–1000.0 μg/kg for all other pesticides), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9930 to 0.9992. Experiments were carried out at 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 μg/kg fortification levels, and resulted in recoveries in the range of 52.7–135.0%, with coefficient of variation values between 5.2 and 5.4%, respectively, for [(La0.9Sm0.1)2(DPA)3(H2O)3]∞ sorbent. Detection and quantification limits ranged from 16.0 to 67.0 μg/kg and from 50.0 to 200.0 μg/kg, respectively, for the different pesticides studied. The results were compared with literature data. The developed and validated method was applied to real samples. The analysis detected the presence of residues of pesticides procymidone, fenbuconazole, flumetralin, clofentezine, atrazine, and bifenthrin.
Hypercrosslinked particles for the extraction of sweeteners using dispersive solid‐phase extraction from environmental samples
Authors: Lakade Sameer S. , Zhou Qing , Li Aimin , Borrull Francesc , Fontanals Núria , Marcé Rosa M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis work presents a new extraction material, namely, Q‐100, based on hypercrosslinked magnetic particles, which was tested in dispersive solid‐phase extraction for a group of sweeteners from environmental samples. The hypercrosslinked Q‐100 magnetic particles had the advantage of suitable pore size distribution and high surface area, and showed good retention behavior toward sweeteners. Different dispersive solid‐phase extraction parameters such as amount of magnetic particles or extraction time were optimized. Under optimum conditions, Q‐100 showed suitable apparent recovery, ranging in the case of river water sample from 21 to 88% for all the sweeteners, except for alitame (12%). The validated method based on dispersive solid‐phase extraction using Q‐100 followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry provided good linearity and limits of quantification between 0.01 and 0.1 μg/L. The method was applied to analyze samples from river water and effluent wastewater, and four sweeteners (acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose) were found in both types of sample.
Ultra‐performance convergence chromatography method for the determination of four chromones and quality control of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.
Authors: Kim Hyo Seon , Choi Goya , Lee A. Yeong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUltra‐performance convergence chromatography is an environmentally friendly analytical technique that employs dramatically reduced amounts of organic solvents compared to conventional chromatographic methods. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly method based on ultra‐performance convergence chromatography was developed for the quantification of four major chromones present in the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. Using this method, the analysis time was significantly shortened compared to conventional high‐performance liquid chromatography techniques. In addition, the influence of cosolvent type, cosolvent ratio, column temperature, system pressure, and flow rate on the peak resolution was investigated. The proposed method was validated in terms of its limits of detection, limits of quantitation, linearity, precision, and accuracy. More specifically, the limits of detection of the four chromones ranged from 0.006 to 0.033 μg/mL, while the limits of quantitation ranged from 0.019 to 0.101 μg/mL. Our method also exhibited a good regression (r2 > 0.999), excellent precision (RSD < 0.60%), and acceptable recoveries (99.48–102.89%). Finally, the quantities of these four chromones present in 20 commercial samples from Korea and China were successfully evaluated using the developed method, indicating that the proposed method is suitable for the rapid and accurate quality control of Saposhnikovia divaricata.
A study of reciprocating seals with a new mixed‐lubrication model based on inverse lubrication theory
Authors: Li Xueli , Suo Shuangfu , Guo Fei , Wu Changgui , Jia Xiaohong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA mixed‐lubrication numerical model for hydraulic seals by the inverse‐hydrodynamic‐lubrication method is presented in this paper for the first time. The hydrodynamic effect on the seal inlet is taken into account as well as the asperity contact pressures. The coupling relationship between the fluid pressure, asperity contact pressure, and static contact pressure is provided by finite‐element analysis. The reverse pumping rate and friction force are calculated from the model under different fluid‐pressure and rod‐velocity conditions. All calculation results agree well with the experimental results, which are measured by the bench test as developed by the authors. By this new model, the average relative error between calculation results and experimental results is 10.5% under all test conditions, compared with 62.6% of the results by full‐film lubrication model.
Encapsulating Hydrophilic Solution by PU‐PMF Double‐Component Capsule Based on Water‐In‐Oil‐In‐Oil Emulsion Template
Authors: Zheng Ting , Pilla Srikanth 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrates an effective method to encapsulate a hydrophilic payload through the use of polyurethane‐poly(melamine‐formaldehyde) (PU‐PMF) dual‐component capsules based upon the water‐in‐oil‐in‐oil (W/O/O) emulsion template. This emulsion has a middle oil layer that hosts the PU (outer shell) forming reaction while the internal PMF skeleton, fabricated concurrently by polymer precipitation in the aqueous dispersive phase, provides additional mechanical support. The resultant capsules exhibit dense and spherical shape, low permeability, and diameter of ≈50 µm. Remarkably, interfacial tension is the driving factor in the formation of the W/O/O template. This microencapsulation system and the methods used for its fabrication have a great technical potential for use in industrial applications.
The tau positron‐emission tomography tracer AV‐1451 binds with similar affinities to tau fibrils and monoamine oxidases
Authors: Vermeiren Céline , Motte Philippe , Viot Delphine , Mairet‐Coello Georges , Courade Jean‐Philippe , Citron Martin , Mercier Joël , Hannestad Jonas , Gillard Michel 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: Lilly/Avid's AV‐1451 is one of the most advanced tau PET tracers in the clinic. Although results obtained in Alzheimer's disease patients are compelling, discrimination of tracer uptake in healthy individuals and patients with supranuclear palsy (PSP) is less clear as there is substantial overlap of signal in multiple brain regions. Moreover, accurate quantification of [18F]AV‐1451 uptake in Alzheimer's disease may not be possible.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to characterize the in vitro binding of AV‐1451 to understand and identify potential off‐target binding that could explain the poor discrimination observed in PSP patients.Methods: [3H]AV‐1451 and AV‐1451 were characterized in in vitro binding assays using recombinant and native proteins/tissues from postmortem samples of controls and Alzheimer's disease and PSP patients.Results: [3H]AV‐1451 binds to multiple sites with nanomolar affinities in brain homogenates and to tau fibrils isolated from Alzheimer's disease or PSP patients. [3H]AV‐1451 also binds with similarly high affinities in brain homogenates devoid of tau pathology. This unexpected binding was demonstrated to be because of nanomolar affinities of [3H]AV‐1451 for monoamine oxidase A and B enzymes.Conclusions: High affinity of AV‐1451 for monoamine oxidase proteins may limit its utility as a tau PET tracer in PSP and Alzheimer's disease because of high levels of monoamine oxidase expression in brain regions also affected by tau deposition, especially if monoamine oxidase levels change over time or with a treatment intervention. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) inhibitors from the last decade (2007 to 2016): A “structure–activity relationship” perspective
Authors: Bhattarai Deepak , Xu Xuezhen , Lee Kyeong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTumor hypoxia is a common feature in most solid tumors and is associated with overexpression of the hypoxia response pathway. Overexpression of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1) protein leads to angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis resistance, and many other pro‐tumorigenic responses in cancer development. HIF‐1 is a promising target in cancer drug development to increase the patient's response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as the survival rate of cancer patients. Since up to 1% of genes are hypoxia‐sensitive, a target‐specific HIF‐1 inhibitor may be a better clinical candidate in cancer drug discovery. Though no HIF‐1 inhibitor is clinically available to date, a lot of effort has been applied during the last decade in search of potent HIF‐1 inhibitors. In this review, we will summarize the structure–activity relationship of ten different chemotypes reported to be HIF‐1 inhibitors in the last decade (2007–2016), their mechanisms of action for HIF‐1 inhibition, progress in the way of target‐specific inhibitors, and problems associated with current inhibitors. It is anticipated that the results of these research on the medicinal chemistry of HIF‐1 inhibitors will provide decent information in the design and development of future inhibitors.
Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG Alleviates Metabolic Abnormality and Fatty Liver by Decreasing Bile Acid and Lipid Absorption in Mice
Authors: Huang Jinbao , Feng Simin , Liu Anna , Dai Zhuqing , Wang Hong , Reuhl Kenneth , Lu Wenyun , Yang Chung S. 
Published: December 2017

ScopeThe tea polyphenol (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has been shown to ameliorate metabolic abnormalities and fatty liver. The present study investigates the mechanisms of actions of EGCG on bile acid homeostasis and lipid metabolism.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice are fed a low‐fat diet, a high‐fat western‐style diet, or a high‐fat western‐style diet containing 0.32% EGCG. The effects of the treatments on biochemical parameters, gene expression, and lipidomics are analyzed.ResultsEGCG treatment significantly reduces body weight gain, mesenteric fat mass, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, serum cholesterol, and severity of fatty liver after treatment for 17 weeks, but most of these effects were less apparent at week 33. At week 17, EGCG treatment significantly elevates the mRNA levels of cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase, HMG‐CoA reductase, low‐density lipoprotein receptor, and scavenger receptor B1, and partially normalizes the high‐fat diet induced lipidomic profile. The intestinal bile acid content is significantly decreased by EGCG, while fecal excretion of bile acids, cholesterol, and total lipids are increased.ConclusionEGCG decreases bile acid reabsorption, results in lower intestinal bile acid levels, which further decreases the absorption of lipids. These actions contribute to the alleviation of metabolic abnormalities and fatty liver disease caused by the high‐fat diet.
Juvenile and Adult Striped Bass Mortality and Distribution in an Unrecovered Coastal Population
Authors: Bradley Caitlin E. , Rice James A. , Aday D. Derek , Hightower Joseph E. , Rock Jason , Lincoln Kelsey L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Striped Bass Morone saxatilis fisheries have been important in the eastern United States since the 1700s, but many populations have declined from historic levels. Enhancement programs, harvest reduction, water quality improvements, and habitat restoration have led to successful recoveries for specific stocks. However, these efforts have not been successful for the Striped Bass population in the Neuse River of North Carolina. Possible mechanisms inhibiting recovery of this population include overharvest, high discard mortality, poor water quality, and altered flow regimes. These mechanisms and their impacts on the Neuse River population are unclear; therefore, to gain insight, we estimated mortality and distribution of the population. Specifically, we tagged 100 hatchery-reared phase II juveniles (202–227 mm TL) and 111 resident adults (349–923 mm TL) with acoustic transmitters (a subset of 50 adults was also tagged with external high-reward tags). We used telemetry to monitor movement and seasonal distribution from December 2013 until September 2015. Telemetry and tag reporting data informed mortality models, and we estimated that annual discrete total mortality of phase II stocked juveniles was 66.3% (95% credible interval [CI] = 47.4–82.4%). Annual discrete total mortality of adults was 54.0% (95% CI = 41.5–65.4%). Adult discrete natural mortality was 20.1% (95% CI = 8.7–39.1%), and neither juvenile nor adult natural mortality was correlated with seasonal variation in dissolved oxygen, temperature, or salinity. These results show that poststocking mortality is significant and that juvenile mortality should be considered when establishing stocking goals. Additionally, adult natural mortality is within the range predicted by maximum age and by previous studies; however, adult total mortality is higher than targeted rates. These results can help to inform management decisions and develop measures to rebuild depressed Striped Bass populations like that in the Neuse River.
An exact network flow formulation for cell‐based evacuation in urban areas
Authors: Kimms Alf , Maiwald Marc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the literature two common macroscopic evacuation planning approaches exist: The dynamic network flow approach and the Cell–Transmission–Based approach. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Many efficient solution approaches for the dynamic network flow approach exist so that realistic problem instances can be considered. However, the consideration of (more) realistic aspects (eg, density dependent travel times) results in non‐linear model formulations. The Cell‐Transmission‐Based approach on the other hand considers realistic traffic phenomena like shock waves and traffic congestion, but this approach leads to long computational times for realistic problem instances. In this article, we combine the advantages of both approaches: We consider a Cell‐Transmission‐Based Evacuation Planning Model (CTEPM) and present a network flow formulation that is equivalent to the cell‐based model. Thus, the computational costs of the CTEPM are enormously reduced due to the reformulation and the detailed representation of the traffic flow dynamics is maintained. We investigate the impacts of various evacuation scenario parameters on the evacuation performance and on the computational times in a computational study including 90 realistic instances.
The research on a novel structure of two‐layer distributed controllers in software‐defined networking
Authors: Dong Ligang , Yang Dandan , Guo Kaiqiang , Fei Shuocheng , Li Ying , Wang Weiming 
Published: December 2017

SummaryDistributed controllers have been proposed for solving the scalability and reliability of the centralized controllers problems in software‐defined networking. This paper has presented a new two‐layer distributed controller structure Cacc with the features of overlap management and dynamic management. Cacc has advantages of load balancing and manageability. Furthermore, this paper has conducted the performance modeling of controller topologies and has proposed a new placement problem for Cacc: capacitated multi‐controller placement problem, in which one local controller is assigned to 2 or more root controllers with capacity limitation to achieve a high reliability. Both of the analysis and experiment results have verified the reliability advantages of capacitated multi‐controller placement problem.