bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of partial grooving on the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing
Authors: Shinde Anil B. , Pawar Prashant M. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This study aims to improve the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearings through partial grooving on the bearing surface.

Design/methodology/approach
Bearing performance analysis is numerically carried out using the thin film flow physics of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 software. Initially, the static performance analysis is carried out for hydrodynamic journal bearing system with smooth surface, and the results of the same are validated with results from the literature. In the later part of the paper, the partial rectangular shape micro-textures are modeled on bearing surface. The effects of partial groove pattern on the bearing performance parameters, namely, fluid film pressure, load carrying capacity, frictional power loss and frictional torque, are studied in detail.

Findings
The numerical results show that the values of maximum fluid film pressure, load carrying capacity, frictional power loss and frictional torque are considerably improved due to deterministic micro-textures. Bearing surface with partial groove along 90°-180° region results in 81.9 per cent improvement in maximum fluid film pressure and 75.9 per cent improvement in load carrying capacity as compared with smooth surface of journal bearing, with no increase in frictional power loss and frictional torque. Maximum decrease in frictional power loss and frictional torque is observed for partially grooving along 90°-360° region. The simulations are supported by proof-of-concept experimentation.

Originality/value
This study is useful in the appropriate selection of groove parameters on bearing surface to the bearing performance characteristics.
Influence of water contamination in gear lubricants on wear and micro-pitting performance of case carburized gears
Authors: Engelhardt Christian , Witzig Jochen , Tobie Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Water can alter the performance of modern gear lubricants by influencing the flank load carrying capacity of gears significantly. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of water contaminations in different kinds of base oils on the micro-pitting and wear performance of case carburized gears.

Design/methodology/approach
Concerning micro-pitting and wear, tests, based mostly on the following standardized tests, are performed on a Forschungsstelle fuer zahnraeder und getriebebau (FZG)-back-to-back gear test rig: micro-pitting short test Graufleckenkurztest (GFKT) according to DGMK 575 (screening test), micro-pitting test Graufleckentest (GT) according to FVA 54/7 (load stage test and endurance test) and Slow-speed wear test according to DGMK 377. To investigate the effect of water on the gear load carrying capacity dependent on different types of base oils, two polyglycol oils (PG1 and PG2), a polyalphaolefin oil, a mineral oil and an ester oil E are used. Each of these oils are common wind turbine gear oils with a viscosity ISO VG-220. Additionally, a manual transmission fluid with a viscosity of society of automotive engineers (SAE) 75W-85 is tested.

Findings
Considering the micro-pitting and wear performance, a significant decrease caused by water contaminations could not be detected. Regarding pitting damages, a generally negative influence was observed. This influence was differently distinctive for different base oil types. Especially non-polar lubricants seem to be affected negatively. The documented damages of the tooth flanks confirm this observation. While typical pitting damages appeared in test runs with polar lubricants, the disruption in test runs with non-polar lubricants was more extensive. Based on the experimental investigations, a general model of the damaging mechanisms of water contaminations in lubricants was derived. It is split into three partitions: interaction lubricant–water (effect of water on the molecular structure of base oils and additives), chemical-material-technological (especially corrosive reactions) and tribological influence (effect of water droplets in the contact zone). It has to be considered that the additive package of lubricants affects the influence of water contaminations on the flank load carrying capacity distinctively. An influence of water on the micro-pitting and wear performance in other than the given lubricants cannot be excluded.

Originality/value
While former research work was focused more on the effects of water in mineral oils, investigations concerning different types of base oils as well as different types of damages were carried out within this research project.
Removal and tribological behaviors of waxy deposition layer in cleaning process
Authors: Guo Yanbao , Liu Shuhai , Tan Guibin , Yang Liu , Wang Deguo 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The wax deposition in oil wells and pipelines is very viciously negative to the petroleum extraction and crude oil transportation, and it even causes severe blockage accident. This study aims to describe cleaning experiments performed on wax deposition of different deposition layer and experimental conditions to investigate the removal and tribological properties and chip formation.

Design/methodology/approach
An optical arrangement was used to visually record the cleaning process, whereas the friction forces were measured by a custom-built tribometer. Various measurements were performed with tool rake angles of 45° and −30° and cleaning depths from 1 to 5 mm.

Findings
Results from experiments and modeling suggest that the transition of chip was dependent on rake angle, wax performance and cleaning depth. While the cleaning depth increased, the friction and cleaning resistant force also increased. With the increase of cleaning depth, the wax layer cleaning quantity increased and the chip strengthened; hence, the curvature radius of chip was enhanced to form platy chip. The chip of wax–oil mixture was discontinuous units, and it was easy to adhere on the rake face with the increasing depth of cut. With an increase in cleaning depth, the friction and cleaning-resistant force also increased.

Originality/value
It is concluded that for effectively cleaning and stabilizing of pipeline cleaning machine, different cleaning parameters should be applied to accommodate wax layer or wax–oil mixture.
Design and development of a robotic self-transfer device for wheelchair users
Authors: Hari Krishnan R. , Pugazhenthi S. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Wheelchair users face great difficulty in transferring themselves from one surface to another, for example from wheelchair to a toilet commode. In such cases, mostly a caregiver’s assistance may be required, but it affects one’s dignity. The purpose of this paper is to develop a robotic self-transfer device, which is aimed at offering privacy and independence to people with lower limb disabilities in performing daily activities.

Design/methodology/approach
The device, attached to a powered wheelchair, is useful in transferring a user from a wheelchair to a toilet commode or any other surface following simple and natural transfer procedure without the need of any caregiver. The user can achieve transfer by operating joysticks. The device employs two linear actuators and a motor to accomplish the transfer. Trials were carried out to test the performance of the device by involving potential beneficiaries.

Findings
The device could successfully transfer the participants from a wheelchair to a chair with less effort in less than a minute. The results of the trials show that the participants felt comfortable in using the device. It was also found that the device is superior to other existing transfer systems in terms of comfort and operation.

Originality/value
The existing self-transfer systems are alternative solutions that serve the purpose of mobility coupled with self-transfer. Instead of developing an alternative mobility solution, this paper proposes a novel design of a self-transfer device that can be used as an attachment to wheelchair.
Toward evidence-based HR
Authors: van der Togt Jorrit , Rasmussen Thomas Hedegaard 
Published: June 2017

PurposeSharing a practitioner perspective on the current value, challenges and future direction of HR analytics, from experience in a Fortune 500 company, to contribute to the development of the field in practice and academia. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachPerspective/position paper with practical findings.FindingsHR analytics – i.e., applied management/OE science – clearly adds value when a number of pre-conditions are met. The value goes beyond talent outcomes, and applies to profits, cyber security, safety, and other outcomes.Practical implicationsHR/OE practitioners and academia should continue to work together, and consider both clear monetary value and change management when working toward evidence-based HR and evidence-based management.Social implicationsThe approach increases the impact of for- and non-profit organizations, giving higher impact at lower cost, via more efficient and effective use of human capital and also removes biases present in approaches that are not evidence-based.Originality/valueFew very large companies have shared their experiences building up HR analytics, and this paper does exactly that from a large company that has invested heavily in HR analytics and is considered a front-runner globally (Shell). This showcases to practitioners and researchers what HR analytics can be, provided proper investments are made, and practitioners and researchers work together – i.e., what the impact of HR analytics is and what the challenges and pitfalls are.
Abiotic environmental variation drives virulence evolution in a fish host–parasite geographic mosaic
Authors: Mahmud Muayad A. , Bradley Janette E. , MacColl Andrew D. C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Parasite virulence varies greatly. Theory predicts that this arises from parasites optimising a trade‐off between the mortality they inflict on current hosts, and their transmission to future hosts. The effect of the environment on this co‐evolution is rarely considered.

Geographic mosaics are fertile systems for studying co‐evolution, but again, the diversity of outcomes is often assumed to result from co‐evolutionary dynamism, rather than being moulded by the environment.

Here, we quantify variation in virulence among lakes in a geographic mosaic of co‐evolution between a trematode ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus arcuatus) and its three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) host.

Virulence varies greatly in this system, and parasites are generally locally adapted to their hosts.

Parasites are also locally adapted to the water in their own lake, and virulence is strongly related to lake pH, the dominant axis of abiotic environmental variation in this system.

These results suggest that the evolution of virulence can be substantially affected by the abiotic environment, which has important implications for understanding co‐evolution. There are also implications for the evolutionary management of disease, e.g. ectoparasites in aquaculture, the impacts of which might be expected to reduce given ongoing acidification of aquatic ecosystems.

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A Case of Nonfatal Intoxication Associated with the Recreational use of Diphenidine
Authors: Gerace Enrico , Bovetto Elena , Corcia Daniele Di , Vincenti Marco , Salomone Alberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDiphenidine is a dissociative drug that shows several psychotropic effects including euphoria, shifts in perception of reality, hallucinations, and transient anterograde amnesia. In this study, a case of acute intoxication occurring after diphenidine intake is reported. A 30‐year‐old Caucasian male was hospitalized after he was found in a confused and agitated state and unable to communicate. The physical examination displayed tachycardia, miotic pupils, and increased both body temperature and respiratory rate. After a liquid–liquid extraction procedure, GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of diphenidine in plasma and urine at concentrations of 308 and 631 ng/mL, respectively. Methylphenidate and diclazepam were also detected in the plasma. The clinical progress of the patient was favorable, and his symptoms were cured with a symptomatic treatment. The combined circumstantial elements and toxicological results of the case reported revealed the occurrence of an acute intoxication ascribable to the recreational abuse of diphenidine.
Identification of Eight Synthetic Cannabinoids, Including 5F‐AKB48 in Seized Herbal Products Using DART‐TOF‐MS and LC‐QTOF‐MS as Nontargeted Screening Methods
Authors: Moore Katherine N. , Garvin Demetra , Thomas Brian F. , Grabenauer Megan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids are sprayed onto plant material and smoked for their marijuana‐like effects. Clandestine manufacturers modify synthetic cannabinoid structures by creating closely related analogs. Forensic laboratories are tasked with detection of these analog compounds, but targeted analytical methods are often thwarted by the structural modifications. Here, direct analysis in real time coupled to accurate mass time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (DART‐TOF‐MS) in combination with liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS) are presented as a screening and nontargeted confirmation method, respectively. Methanol extracts of herbal material were run using both methods. Spectral data from four different herbal products were evaluated by comparing fragmentation pattern, accurate mass and retention time to available reference standards. JWH‐018, JWH‐019, AM2201, JWH‐122, 5F‐AKB48, AKB48‐N‐(4‐pentenyl) analog, UR144, and XLR11 were identified in the products. Results demonstrate that DART‐TOF‐MS affords a useful approach for rapid screening of herbal products for the presence and identification of synthetic cannabinoids.
Identification of a Carbonized Body Using Implanted Surgical Plates: The Importance of Computed Tomography
Authors: Andrade Vanessa Moreira , Stibich Christian Abreu , de Santa Martha Paulo Maurício , de Almeida Casimiro Abreu Possante , Vieira Andrea de Castro Domingos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn addition to clinical examination, forensic odontologists can use diagnostic imaging as an auxiliary method for identification. This paper reports a case where forensic odontologists from the Afrânio Peixoto Legal Medicine Institute in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) positively identified a carbonized and partially calcined body using oral and maxillofacial imaging. The cadaver showed several metallic plates fixed with metallic screws on bones of the neurocranium and viscerocranium. Family members provided spiral computed tomography scans of the skull and a panoramic radiograph that were acquired after an accident that required surgical procedures. Comparative analysis between the clinical exam and the maxillofacial images demonstrated complete coincidence, confirming the victim's identity. Dactyloscopy, which is the most commonly used method of identification, was not possible because of the body carbonization. Thus, diagnostic imaging, especially computed tomography, was essential for elucidation of this case.
Diurnal variation in outcomes after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Asian communities: The Pan‐Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study
Authors: Kim Yun Jeong , Ryoo Hyun Wook , Shin Sang Do , Song Kyoung Jun , Ro Young Sun , Lee Kyung Won , Ma Matthew Huei‐Ming , Ko Patrick Chow‐In , Gan Han Nee , Shahidah Nur 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine whether the time of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with survival rate and neurological outcome after OHCA, as well as to compare the effect size of time of OHCA across six Asian regions.MethodsWe collected data from the Pan‐Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study registry, six Asian regions (Tokyo, Osaka, Aichi, Seoul, Taipei and Singapore) from 2009 to 2012. Adult OHCA cases were divided depending on the arrest time: I (00.01–06.00 hours), II (06.01–12.00 hours), III (12.01–18.00 hours) and IV (18.01–24.00 hours). Using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, we compared the outcomes of survival and good neurological recovery.ResultsOf 65 413 cases treated by the emergency medical service, 36 706 (56.1%) cases were analysed. There was the lowest OHCA incidence in time block I. Compared with time block I, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the standardised survival rate were 1.6 (1.3–1.9) in time block II, 1.4 (1.2–1.7) in time block III and 1.2 (1.0–1.4) in time block IV. Regarding the good neurological recovery rate, compared with time block I, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.9 (1.5–2.4) in time block II, 1.7 (1.3–2.1) in time block III and 1.4 (1.1–1.7) in time block IV. However, in the subgroup analysis, there were regional differences between Japan and the other regions.ConclusionsWe found diurnal similarities in OHCA occurrence, as well as differences in survival rate and good neurological recovery rate among Asian regions.
Ames Test to Detect Mutagenicity of 2‐Alkylcyclobutanones: A Review
Authors: Barbezan Angélica B. , Martins Regiane , Bueno Jennifer B. , Villavicencio Anna Lúcia C.H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFood irradiation is an effective and safe method for preservation and long‐term storage, and it is approved for use in over 60 countries for various applications in a wide variety of food products. This process is performed by use of accelerated electron beams, X‐rays, or gamma radiation (60Co or 137Cs). 2‐Alkylcyclobutanones (2‐ACBs) are the only known radiolytic products generated from foods that have fatty acids (triglycerides) and are subjected to irradiation. Since the 1990s toxicological safety studies of 2‐ACBs have been conducted extensively through synthetic compounds, then and tests to determine if the compounds have any mutagenic activity are strictly necessary. The Ames test was chosen by many researchers to assess the mutagenicity of 2‐ACBs. The test uses distinct bacterial cell lines Salmonella typhimurium to detect point mutations at sites guanine–cytosine (G–C) and Escherichia coli to detect point mutations at sites adenine–thymine (A–T). This bibliographic research aims to bring together all the results obtained and a comparison and cell lines used, type of plates, and solvents. This research showed that no mutagenic activity was observed in any of the cell lines and concentrations evaluated by the works of authors, so the 2‐ACBs compounds showed no mutagenic substance in concentrations detectable by the Ames test.
Challenges in Model Development for Meat Composition Using Multipoint NIR Spectroscopy from At‐Line to In‐Line Monitoring
Authors: Dixit Y. , Casado‐Gavalda Maria P. , Cama‐Moncunill R. , Cullen P. J. , Sullivan Carl 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study evaluates the efficiency of multipoint near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the fat and moisture content of minced beef samples both in at‐line and on‐line modes. Additionally, it aims at identifying the obstacles that can be encountered in the path of performing in‐line monitoring. Near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra of minced beef samples were collected using an NIR spectrophotometer, employing a Fabry‐Perot interferometer. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models based on reference values from proximate analysis yielded calibration coefficients of determination of 0.96 for both fat and moisture. For an independent batch of samples, fat was estimated with a prediction coefficient of determination of 0.87 and 0.82 for the samples in at‐line and on‐line modes, respectively. All the models were found to have good prediction accuracy; however, a higher bias was observed for predictions under on‐line mode. Overall results from this study illustrate that multipoint NIR systems combined with multivariate analysis has potential as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring process parameters such as fat and moisture in the meat industry, providing real‐time spectral and spatial information.
Effects of 4 Probiotic Strains in Coculture with Traditional Starters on the Flavor Profile of Yogurt
Authors: Tian Huaixiang , Shen Yongbo , Yu Haiyan , He Yujie , Chen Chen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo study the influence of probiotics on the flavor profile of yogurt, 4 probiotics, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus casei, were cofermented with traditional starters. The changes of bacterial growth, acid contents and volatile compounds of yogurt were investigated during fermentation and refrigerated storage. The strains that exhibited a low growth rate in milk did not significantly affect the bacterial population dynamics, acidity, or organic acid content during fermentation and storage. However, high viability and enhancement of postacidification were clearly observed in the samples that contained strains with a high growth rate in milk, particularly L. casei. A total of 45 volatile compounds, detected in most samples, were identified by headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Among these compounds, ketones and aldehydes were the most abundant. The presence of either L. rhamnosus or L. plantarum did not significantly affect the major volatile compounds, while contributions of L. casei and L. acidophilus were found in the formation of minor volatile metabolites. Electronic nose measurements exhibited a good discrimination of samples that contained different probiotics during refrigerated storage.
Reprogramming progeria fibroblasts re‐establishes a normal epigenetic landscape
Authors: Chen Zhaoyi , Chang Wing Y. , Etheridge Alton , Strickfaden Hilmar , Jin Zhigang , Palidwor Gareth , Cho Ji‐Hoon , Wang Kai , Kwon Sarah Y. , Doré Carole , Raymond Angela , Hotta Akitsu , Ellis James , Kandel Rita A. , Dilworth F. Jeffrey , Perkins Theodore J. , Hendzel Michael J. , Galas David J. , Stanford William L. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIdeally, disease modeling using patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enables analysis of disease initiation and progression. This requires any pathological features of the patient cells used for reprogramming to be eliminated during iPSC generation. Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a segmental premature aging disorder caused by the accumulation of the truncated form of Lamin A known as Progerin within the nuclear lamina. Cellular hallmarks of HGPS include nuclear blebbing, loss of peripheral heterochromatin, defective epigenetic inheritance, altered gene expression, and senescence. To model HGPS using iPSCs, detailed genome‐wide and structural analysis of the epigenetic landscape is required to assess the initiation and progression of the disease. We generated a library of iPSC lines from fibroblasts of patients with HGPS and controls, including one family trio. HGPS patient‐derived iPSCs are nearly indistinguishable from controls in terms of pluripotency, nuclear membrane integrity, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic profiles, and can differentiate into affected cell lineages recapitulating disease progression, despite the nuclear aberrations, altered gene expression, and epigenetic landscape inherent to the donor fibroblasts. These analyses demonstrate the power of iPSC reprogramming to reset the epigenetic landscape to a revitalized pluripotent state in the face of widespread epigenetic defects, validating their use to model the initiation and progression of disease in affected cell lineages.