bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Manifestations in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors: Ribeiro I.M. , Vale P.J. , Tenedório P.A. , Rodrigues P.A. , Bilhoto M.A. , Pereira H.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in a group of Portuguese children with a complete fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Methods Complete ophthalmologic examination in a sample of consecutive children with FAS. Ocular fundus photography was carried out on the cooperative FAS children and on 25 reference children. Ocular fundus anomalies were recorded by the observation of ocular fundus photography. The ratio between the distance of the center of the disc to the fovea and optic disc diameter (DM/DD) was determined. Small optic disc was defined as a DM/DD ratio above mean control group +1 SD. Results The authors studied 32 children with FAS (mean age: 9 ± 5 years; 72% boys). The mean corrected visual acuity (VA) was 0.8 ± 0.2. Refraction ranged from −23.00 to +6.50 spherical equivalent. Ocular findings included short horizontal palpebral fissure (81% of children), strabismus (28% of children), epicanthus (27% of eyes), blepharoptosis (16% of eyes), telecanthus (13% of children), nystagmus (1 child), and cataract (1 eye). Ocular fundus photography analysis showed retinal vessel tortuosity in 30% of the eyes and optic disc hypoplasia in 25%. The mean DM/DD for the control and FAS groups was 2.72 ± 0.20 and 2.89 ± 0.25 (p=0.001). Forty percent of the eyes of FAS children had small optic discs. Conclusions The most common ocular findings were anomalies of retinal fundus and minor changes in the outer region of the eyes. The authors noted better VA and less severity of disease than others, which might be due to a different selection of patients, different pattern of alcohol consumption, or genetic differences. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 104–9)
Corneal Ulcer as an Atypical Presentation of Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Authors: Sgrulletta R. , Lambiase A. , Micera A. , Bonini S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe three patients, each presenting noninfective corneal epithelial damage as first manifestation of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP). Methods Case report. Results Patients 1 and 2 were referred to the authors' clinic for corneal ulcer while Patient 3 for relapsed epithelial defects. All patients had negative history for systemic diseases and microbiological tests were negative. Topical steroid treatment induced the complete resolution of corneal damage. During the follow-up period, the onset of mild conjunctival fibrosis in the lower fornix allowed the authors to suspect OCP, confirmed by conjunctival biopsy. Conclusions In the three patients corneal damage was an early sign of OCP, in the absence of typical signs of conjunctival fibrosis. The authors thus suggest considering conjunctival biopsy as a useful additional test in the management of idiopathic corneal ulcers. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007, 17: 121–3)
Photodynamic Therapy Outcomes in a Case of Macular Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Candida Endophthalmitis
Authors: Tedeschi M. , Varano M. , Schiano lomoriello D. , Scassa C. , Parisi V. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effects on visual function and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) progression in a case of subretinal CNV due to Candida endophthalmitis treated with a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and drugs. Methods A 28-year-old one-eyed woman with CNV in the right eye came to our observation. The CNV developed as a consequence of Candida endophthalmitis. The CNV was treated with six PDT treatments with verteporfin in association with systemic steroid therapy with prednisone (100 mg/day to reduce) and fluconazole (800 mg/day to reduce). Visual acuity (VA) was assessed in pre-PDT conditions and after six PDT treatments (24 months of follow-up). Results Pre-PDT VA was 20/125; after 24 months of follow-up, six PDT re-treatments, and pharmacologic therapy, VA was stabilized at 20/100. Conclusions In our case, associated PDT and drug therapies were safe and useful to maintain VA and to arrest CNV progression in the foveal region after 2 years of follow-up. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 124–7)
Complete Resorption of Retinal Hemorrhages in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Meyer C.H. , Callizo J. , Mennel S. , Schmidt J.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by refractory thrombocytopenia, production of autoantibodies, and persistent predisposition to bleeding affecting virtually all mucocutaneous tissues and various organs. Methods A 50-year-old man with chronic ITP and diabetic maculopathy developed massive preretinal, intraretinal, and numerous subretinal hemorrhages accompanied by impaired vision to 20/400. His platelet count was 1100/μL, hemoglobin concentration was 4.6 mg/dL, however his blood clotting and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) maintained a normal 26 sec. Results After a splenectomy the patient was placed on high-dose oral corticosteroids (40 mg/day), immunoglobulin, and CellCept. The platelet count was restored to 25,000/μL within months. Four months later the unaffected retina received a panretinal photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone injection (25 mg). Two years after the thrombolytic event the hemorrhages resolved completely and the patient's vision recovered to 20/100. Conclusions Repetitive treatments with immunoglobulins and high-dose corticosteroids may increase the platelet count, inducing a complete resorption of the retinal hemorrhages and visual recovery during a long-term follow-up. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 128–9)
Isolated Optic Neuritis from an Identified Gnathostoma Spinigerum
Authors: Chuenkongkaew W. , Chirapapaisan N. , Hongyok T. , Yoolek A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a patient with isolated monocular optic neuritis caused by an identified Gnathostoma spinigerum infestation. Case report A 21-year-old man developed a swollen eyelid and painful monocular visual loss of his left eye which did not improve after treatment by intravenous steroid and albendazole. A remarkable eosinophilia in his peripheral blood count was demonstrated. The patient subsequently found a live parasite emerged from his lower eyelid and it was successfully removed by himself. Gross and histopathology examinations of the obtained parasite was undertaken. The parasite was identified as Gnathostoma spinigerum. His blood test for Gnathostoma antibody was positive. Discussion The etiology of isolated optic neuritis in this patient was Gnathostoma spinigerum which was confirmed by the histopathology of the obtained parasite and the positive serologic test. Conclusions We could identify the exact parasite that was proven to cause an isolated optic neuritis. The immediate removal of a causative parasite may not result in an improvement of the injured tissue but is beneficial in preventing further destruction as well as future complications. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 130–2)
Lateral Canthal Dynamics, Correlation with Periorbital Anthropometric Measurements, and Effect of Age and Sleep Preference Side on Eyelid Metrics and Lateral Canthal Tendon
Authors: Beden Ü. , Yalaz M. , Güngör I. , Süllü Y. , Erkan D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate dynamic and static properties of lateral canthal tendon and involutional periorbital anthropometric and lateral canthal changes with any possible effect of sleep preference side on these changes. Methods Ninety-two healthy adult subjects with a mean age of 43.5 years were enrolled in the study. Lateral canthal tendon lengths (LCT), canthal movement amplitudes, and other periorbital anthropometric parameters were measured. Any effects of age and sleep preference side on anthropometric and particularly lateral canthal tendon measurements were evaluated. Pearson correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and t-test for paired samples were used for statistical evaluation. Results LCT length was weakly correlated with age, lower lid tractability, horizontal palpebral fissure length, and interpupillary distance and also inversely correlated with margin reflex distance, but not with other measurements. Age was also correlated with lower lid tractability, and with the ratio of LCT to the horizontal palpebral fissure length (LCT/HPFL). No correlation between age and horizontal palpebral fissure length was detected. Age was weakly and inversely correlated with canthal height but not with canthal movement amplitudes. No effect of sleep preference side on LCT length, canthal height, or lower lid tractability was detected. Conclusions Lateral canthus has a dynamic structure that is not correlated with any other periorbital anthropometric measurements. LCT length is correlated with lower lid tractability, and increases with age, unlike horizontal palpebral fissure that stays constant with increasing LCT/HPFL ratio. Sleep preference side has no effect on the eyelid metrics and LCT. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 143–50)
Different Conjunctival Adaptive Response in Patients with Aqueous-Deficient and with Mucous-Deficient Dry Eyes
Authors: Rivas L. , López-garcía J.S. , Murube J. , García-lozano I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the different cellular adaptive patterns found in the conjunctival epithelium from patients with aqueous-deficient and mucous-deficient dry eyes. Methods The authors studied different conjunctival areas, by impression cytology and by biopsy, 50 eyes with facial nerve paralysis (FNP), 50 eyes with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP), and 50 eyes from patients with primarily Sjögren syndrome (1SS). Results Eyes with FNP from the first clinical grade showed a progressive alteration of the nonsecretory cells, with a significant decrease in density goblet cells, generally with a PAS-positive staining. Eyes with OCP, during clinical grades 1 and 2, showed a slow deterioration of the nonsecretory cells; but from clinical grade 3, there was a significant increase of the cellular size and the thickness of the conjunctiva. Goblet cells showed a significant decrease in density from clinical grade 1, generally with a PAS-negative staining. Eyes with 1SS during clinical grades 1 and 2 showed a progressive alteration of the nonsecretory cells, with a significant decrease in density goblet cells, and a PAS-positive staining. From clinical grade 3 appeared a significant increase of nonsecretory cellular size and thickness of conjunctiva, with a significant decrease in goblet cell counts, and a PAS-negative staining. Conclusions Patients with FNP (a primarily aqueous-deficient alteration) follow completely the squamous metaplasia process. Patients with OCP (a primarily mucous-deficient syndrome) have a hypertrophy and hyperplasia process along the ocular surface. Patients with 1SS (a primarily aqueous-deficient and mucin-deficient alteration) have a squamous metaplasia process, but from clinical grade 3 also appears a hypertrophy and hyperplasia process. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 160–70)
Safety and Efficacy of Two Ocular Anesthetic Methods for Phacoemulsification: Topical Anesthesia and Viscoanesthesia (Visthesia™)
Authors: Perone J.-M. , Popovici A. , Ouled-moussa R. , Herasymyuk O. , Reynders S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose VisThesia™ is a new ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) which has 1% lidocaine combined with 1.5% sodium hyaluronate. This is a prospective evaluation of the safety and efficacy of VisThesia™ used in association with phacoemulsification. Methods A total of 114 eyes were divided into two groups. Fifty-nine eyes were treated with tetracaine + oxybuprocaine topical anesthesia and DuoVisc® OVD and 55 eyes were treated with VisThesia™, for use as both topical anesthetic and OVD. Endothelial cell counts were measured at 30 days postoperatively and compared to preoperative baseline values. Pain and discomfort was subjectively evaluated by patients using a visual analog pain scale (0–10). Results All surgeries were uneventful with no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications. Patients receiving topical anesthesia had a mean pain score of 1.1±6.8 compared to a mean score of 1.3±4.6 for patients receiving VisThesia™ (p=0.59). Postoperatively, endothelial cell loss at 1 month was greater for patients receiving VisThesia™ (20.32%±43.75) than for those receiving the topical anesthetic (8.8%±59.6; p<0.0001). Conclusions The results from the visual analog pain scale were comparable between groups, showing that VisThesia™ provides similar pain relief to topical anesthesia. Specular microscopy performed at 30 days postoperatively showed a significantly greater loss of endothelial cells with the use of VisThesia™, suggesting that the 1% lidocaine concentration used in VisThesia™ may be toxic to corneal endothelial cells. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 171–7)
Is Pulse Synchronized Pneumotonometry More Reproducible than Routine Pneumotonometry and More in Agreement with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry?
Authors: Lafaut A.-S. , Van malderen L. , Zeyen T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This study compared the variability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements taken with pulse synchronized pneumotonometry (PNT) and with routine PNT (without pulse synchronization) and evaluated the agreement between PNT and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Methods In this prospective study, 148 eyes from 78 patients were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups. In the first group (A), the sequence of measurements was pulse synchronized PNT, routine PNT, and GAT. In the second group (B), the sequence of measurements was routine PNT, pulse synchronized PNT, and GAT. The mean of three measurements was averaged for PNT and GAT. All the measurements were performed by the same investigator, who was masked to GAT measurements. The mean IOP measurements and intrapatient standard deviations among the three tonometers were compared using analysis of variance measurement. Bland & Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between PNT and GAT. Results The variability of IOP measurements taken with pulse synchronized PNT was significantly lower than with routine PNT in both groups (1.2±0.7 vs 1.3±0.7 mmHg in group A and 1.1±0.9 vs 1.3±1.0 mmHg in group B [p<0.001], respectively). PNT measurements with and without pulse synchronization were on average ±2 mmHg higher than GAT measurements in both groups (p<0.001). The 95% limits of agreement between PNT and GAT varied between −3.8 and 8.5 mmHg. Conclusions Pulse synchronized PNT gives more reproducible measurements than routine PNT. The agreement between PNT and GAT is poor. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 178–82)
Test-Retest Variability in Visual Field Testing Using Frequency Doubling Technology
Authors: Horani A. , Frenkel S. , Blumenthal E.Z. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To quantify the magnitude of test-retest variability (TRV) for normal subjects in serial visual fields (VF) using the frequency doubling technology (FDT) instrument. Methods Twenty-one healthy adults, aged 23 to 60 years, underwent four serial FDT VF tests, using the full-threshold C-20 program of the Zeiss-Humphrey FDT analyzer, on one randomly chosen eye. The VF tests were spaced 2 to 4 days apart. All subjects performed two preliminary FDT tests in order to minimize any learning effect. Test-retest variability was calculated as the standard deviation of each location's sensitivity value across the four VF tests. Results Mean TRV (±SD) for the entire field was 2.44±1.32 dB. Mean TRV (±SD) for the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal hemifields were 2.48±1.3, 2.40±1.4, 2.40±1.3, and 2.48±1.3 dB, respectively. Mean TRV (±SD) for the foveal location, the 4 central, and the 12 peripheral locations were 2.49±1.4, 2.16±1.2, and 2.54±1.4 dB, respectively. Conclusions TRV was found to be rather uniform across the visual field of the commercially available FDT device, with only a mild, clinically insignificant, effect of both eccentricity and age on TRV. Variability in the FDT VF, for normal subjects, was found to be more uniform than that of both standard and short wavelength automated perimetry. In addition, a strong inverse correlation was found, in normal subjects, between the mean sensitivity and TRV. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 203–7)
Combined Phacoemulsification and Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy in the Treatment of Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma with Cataract
Authors: Yuen N.S.Y. , Chan O.C.C. , Hui S.P. , Ching R.H.Y. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To review the result of nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) with coexisting cataract. Methods This is a retrospective review of 29 eyes of 26 patients who had undergone combined non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and phacoemulsification for cataract and chronic angle-closure glaucoma between January 2001 and June 2003. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications were analyzed. Results The mean follow-up period was 33.8 months (range 23.3 to 54.0 months). Postoperative visual acuity improved in 21 eyes (72%) and remained the same in 6 eyes (21%). The IOP was reduced significantly from 20.3±3.9 mmHg (mean ± SD) preoperatively to 15.9±3.1 mmHg postoperatively at last follow-up visit (p<0.001). The number of antiglaucoma medications was also reduced significantly from 2.9±0.8 (mean ± SD) preoperatively to 1.0±1.2 at last follow-up (p<0.001). Fifteen eyes (52%) achieved complete success with IOP ≤ 21 mmHg without antiglaucoma medications and 25 eyes (86%) achieved qualified success with IOP ≤ 21 mmHg with or without medications at the last follow-up visit. Of the 25 eyes achieving qualified success, 24 (96%) had a reduction in the number of medications. There were 4 failures, defined as uncontrolled IOP requiring further filtering operation or oral drug treatment. Intraoperative complications included one accidental anterior chamber puncture and one iris plug intraoperatively. Postoperative complications included one choroidal effusion, three wound leaks requiring repair, and two punctate epithelial erosions. There was no shallowing of the anterior chamber, hyphema, hypotony, or infection encountered. Conclusions Combined NPDS and phacoemulsification could be a safe and effective surgical option for the management of CACG with cataract. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 208–15)
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Moorfields Regression Analysis Using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph in Glaucoma Patients with Visual Field Defects
Authors: Medved N. , Cvenkel B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This study was designed to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph I (HRT) using the Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA) in differentiating healthy from glaucomatous eyes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 74 eyes of 37 healthy subjects and 87 eyes of 47 glaucoma patients were examined with Octopus standard automated perimetry and HRT. Only one eye per patient was used for statistical analysis. According to visual field index mean defect (MD) glaucoma patients were divided into three groups with early (MD <6 dB), moderate (6 dB < MD <12 dB), and advanced visual field loss (MD >12 dB). The sensitivity and specificity of optic nerve head examinations using the MRA of HRT were evaluated by two criteria (criteria 1, as diseased if classified by MRA as outside normal limits; criteria 2, as diseased if classified by MRA as borderline). The correlations between the topographic parameters and visual field index MD were measured by correlation coefficient and presented by scatter plot. Results The specificity and sensitivity of HRT-MRA examination were, respectively, 100% and 68.1% when borderline cases were considered normal (criteria 1) and 97.3% and 85.1% when borderline cases were considered glaucomatous (criteria 2). The sensitivity of the MRA in eyes with different stages of visual field loss was 59.1% for early, 54.5% for moderate, and 92.8% for advanced visual field loss with criteria 1; the figures were, respectively, 81.8%, 72.7%, and 100% with criteria 2. The statistically significant correlations with moderate strength of association (r=0.40–0.59) were found for rim area, rim volume, cup to disc area ratio, mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and RNFL cross-sectional area. Conclusions The MRA showed an excellent specificity and good sensitivity using criteria 2 including as glaucomatous optic discs those classified by MRA as borderline. Although correlations of moderate strength were found between rim area, rim volume, mean RNFL thickness, RNFL cross-sectional area, and visual field index MD, great interindividual variation limits the prediction of one parameter from the other. Therefore, in clinical practice both structural and functional examinations should be performed in order to characterize glaucomatous damage. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 216–22)
Dominant Optic Atrophy in a Japanese Family with Opa1 Frameshift Mutation (V942fsX966)
Authors: Hayashi T. , Takeuchi T. , Gekka T. , Kitahara K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors report the ophthalmic characteristics of a male proband in a Japanese family with autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) harboring a frameshift mutation in the OPA1 gene. Methods Conventional ophthalmologic examinations including static automated perimetry were performed, as well as assessment of the three-generation family history. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was evaluated using scanning laser polarimetry. Mutation screening of the OPA1 gene was performed with polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing. Results A frameshift mutation (p.V942fsX966) was identified in the proband and his mother. In comparison with the adolescent onset of visual loss in the proband and his maternal grandfather, the mother presented with only subtle temporal disc pallor and has never been aware of any visual disturbances. Symmetric thinned peripapillary RNFL was detected in the proband, whose visual field abnormalities were limited to central scotomas and were without mean deviation worsening between 11 to 17 years of age in both eyes. The proband's logMAR visual acuity (0.52 to 0.7) has remained almost unchanged for more than 10 years since initial evaluation at age 10. Conclusions The OPA1 mutation may be correlated with slow progression of DOA, and with phenotypic variations within the family. Further study is necessary to determine whether symmetric thinned peripapillary RNFL represents a feature of DOA. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 253–8)
Development of Early Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in a Young Myope after Lasik
Authors: Al-dhibi H. , Chaudhry I.A. , Al-assiri A. , Shamsi F.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe development of early choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in a young myopic patient with initial differential diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) that was successfully managed by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods A retrospective interventional case report. Results A 20-year-old woman with myopic astigmatism underwent an uneventful LASIK surgery resulting in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20 bilaterally. One week later, the patient presented with decreased VA in the right eye and was diagnosed initially by her referring ophthalmologist with CSCR, and was treated by systemic corticosteroids without any improvement. Two weeks following LASIK, the patient's VA was found to be 20/200 and clinical evidence of early CNVM was confirmed by fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). PDT resulted in regression of her CNVM with improvement in her VA and OCT findings. Conclusions LASIK-induced early CNVM may be misdiagnosed as CSCR. PDT may be effective in the resolution of LASIK-induced early CNVM. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 262–5)