bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating cell‐substrate and cell–cell interactions by means of single‐cell‐probe force spectroscopy
Authors: Moreno‐Cencerrado Alberto , Iturri Jagoba , Pecorari Ilaria , D.M. Vivanco Maria , Sbaizero Orfeo , Toca‐Herrera José L. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCell adhesion forces are typically a mixture of specific and nonspecific cell‐substrate and cell–cell interactions. In order to resolve these phenomena, Atomic Force Microscopy appears as a powerful device which can measure cell parameters by means of manipulation of single cells. This method, commonly known as cell‐probe force spectroscopy, allows us to control the force applied, the area of interest, the approach/retracting speed, the force rate, and the time of interaction. Here, we developed a novel approach for in situ cantilever cell capturing and measurement of specific cell interactions. In particular, we present a new setup consisting of two different half‐surfaces coated either with recrystallized SbpA bacterial cell surface layer proteins (S‐layers) or integrin binding Fibronectin, on which MCF‐7 breast cancer cells are incubated. The presence of a clear physical boundary between both surfaces benefits for a quick detection of the region under analysis. Thus, quantitative results about SbpA‐cell and Fibronectin‐cell adhesion forces as a function of the contact time are described. Additionally, the importance of the cell spreading in cell–cell interactions has been studied for surfaces coated with two different Fibronectin concentrations: 20 μg/mL (FN20) and 100 μg/mL (FN100), which impact the number of substrate receptors. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:124–130, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimates of reservoir methane emissions based on a spatially balanced probabilistic‐survey
Authors: Beaulieu Jake J. , McManus Michael G. , Nietch Christopher T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGlobal estimates of methane (CH4) emissions from reservoirs are poorly constrained, partly due to the challenges of accounting for intra‐reservoir spatial variability. Reservoir‐scale emission rates are often estimated by extrapolating from measurement made at a few locations; however, error and bias associated with this approach can be large and difficult to quantify. Here, we use a generalized random tessellation survey (GRTS) design to generate unbiased estimates of reservoir‐CH4 emissions rates (±95% CI) for areas below tributary inflows, open‐waters, and at the whole‐reservoir scale. Total CH4 emission rates (i.e., sum of ebullition and diffusive emissions) were 4.8 (±2.1), 33.0 (±10.7), and 8.3 (±2.2) mg CH4 m−2 h−1 in open‐waters, tributary‐associated areas, and the whole‐reservoir for the period in August 2014 during which 115 sites were sampled across an 7.98 km2 reservoir in Southwestern, Ohio, U.S.A. Tributary areas occupy 12% of the reservoir surface, but were the source of 41% of total CH4 emissions, highlighting the importance of riverine‐lacustrine transition zones. Ebullition accounted for > 90% of CH4 emission at all spatial scales. Overall, CH4 emission rates were high for a temperate zone reservoir, possibly because earlier studies underestimated ebullition or did not include emission hot spots. Confidence interval estimates that incorporated spatial pattern in CH4 emissions were up to 29% narrower than when spatial independence is assumed among sites. The use of GRTS, or other probabilistic survey designs, can improve the accuracy and precision of reservoir emission rate estimates, which is needed to better constrain uncertainty in global scale emission estimates.
Biogeochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence evidence supports a novel mode of anaerobic methanotrophy in permanently ice‐covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica
Authors: Saxton Matthew A. , Samarkin Vladimir A. , Schutte Charles A. , Bowles Marshall W. , Madigan Michael T. , Cadieux Sarah B. , Pratt Lisa M. , Joye Samantha B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica contains a constantly cold water column and perennial ice‐cover. Although carbon and sulfur cycling in this amictic lake have been studied previously, a paired investigation of 16S rRNA gene based microbial diversity and geochemistry of Lake Fryxell is lacking. Here, we used a combination of radiotracer‐based rate measurements, geochemical measurements, and molecular microbial community analysis to investigate the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and associated processes in Lake Fryxell. The results show that while AOM and sulfate reduction appear coupled in the upper regions of the anoxic water column, in deep anoxic waters, where AOM rates are highest, sulfate is unlikely to be the electron acceptor for AOM. Despite significant rates of AOM in these waters, no putative AOM‐associated Archaea or Bacteria were observed. Due to a lack of documented AOM electron acceptors and putative ANMEs, we suggest novel modes of AOM dominate in this extreme environment. First, the notable abundance of the bacterial genus Dehalococcoides suggests that reductive dehalogenation could fuel AOM. Further, taxa of the candidate phylum OP9, the Atribacteria, and the Bathyarchaeota (formerly known as the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group) both commonly observed at cold methane‐seeps globally, may mediate AOM, possibly using humic acids as electron shuttles, in Lake Fryxell.
Rating Scales for Pain in Parkinson's Disease: Critique and Recommendations
Authors: Perez‐Lloret Santiago , Ciampi de Andrade Daniel , Lyons Kelly E. , Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Deuschl Guenther , Cruccu Girgio , Sampaio Cristina , Goetz Christopher G. , Schrag Anette , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Stebbins Glenn ,   the Members of the MDS Committee on Rating Scales Development
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed at critically appraising the clinimetric properties of existing pain scales or questionnaires and to give recommendations for their use in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsClinimetric properties of pain scales used in PD were systematically evaluated. A scale was classified as ‘recommended’ if was used in PD, showed adequate clinimetric properties, and had been used by investigators other than the original developers; as ‘suggested’ if it was used in PD and fulfilled only one other criterion; and as ‘listed’ if it was used in PD but did not meet the other criteria. Only scales rating pain intensity or for syndromic classification were assessed.ResultsEleven of the 34 scales initially considered fulfilled inclusion criteria. Among the scales rating pain intensity, the “Brief Pain Inventory short form,” “McGill Pain Questionnaire short and long forms,” “Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory,” “11‐point Numeric Rating Scale,” “10‐cm Visual Analog Scale,” and “Pain‐O‐Meter” were “recommended with caution” because of lack of clinimetric data in PD, whereas the “King's PD Pain Scale” was “recommended.” Among scales for pain syndromic classification, the “DN4” was “recommended with caution” because of lack of clinimetric data in PD; the “Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs,” “Pain‐DETECT,” and the “King's PD Pain Scale” were “suggested.”ConclusionsKing's PD pain scale can be recommended for the assessment of pain intensity in PD. Syndromic classification of pain in PD may be achieved by the DN4, but clinimetric data in PD are needed for this scale.
Analysis of diverse direct arylation polymerization (DArP) conditions toward the efficient synthesis of polymers converging with stille polymers in organic solar cells
Authors: Livi Francesco , Gobalasingham Nemal S. , Thompson Barry C. , Bundgaard Eva 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDespite the emergence of direct arylation polymerization (DArP) as an alternative method to traditional cross‐coupling routes like Stille polymerization, the exploration of DArP polymers in practical applications like polymer solar cells (PSCs) is limited. DArP polymers tend to have a reputation for being marginally inferior to Stille counterparts due to the increased presence of defects that result from unwanted side reactions in direct arylation, such as unselective C‐H bond activation and homocoupling. We report ten DArP protocols across the three major classes of DArP to generate poly[(2,5‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDTBT). Through evaluation of the method and resulting photophysical and electronic properties, we show not all DArP methods are suitable for generating device‐quality alternating copolymers. When DArP PPDTBT was synthesized in superheated THF with Cs2CO3, neodecanoic acid, and P(o‐anisyl)3, it generated polymers of exceptional quality that performed comparably to Stille counterparts in both roll coated ITO‐free and spin‐coated ITO devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2907–2918
Omics‐based approaches to understand mechanosensitive endothelial biology and atherosclerosis
Authors: Simmons Rachel D. , Kumar Sandeep , Thabet Salim Raid , Sur Sanjoli , Jo Hanjoong 
Published: June 2016

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to d‐flow can be used to indicate disturbed flow or disturbed blood flow. The mechanisms by which d‐flow induces atherosclerosis involve changes in the transcriptome, methylome, proteome, and metabolome of multiple vascular cells, especially endothelial cells. Initially, we begin with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the changes that occur at multiple levels owing to d‐flow, especially in the endothelium. Also, there are a variety of strategies used for the global profiling of the genome, transcriptome, miRNA‐ome, DNA methylome, and metabolome that are important to define the biological and pathophysiological mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Finally, systems biology can be used to integrate these ‘omics’ datasets, especially those that derive data based on a single animal model, in order to better understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis development in a holistic manner and how this integrative approach could be used to identify novel molecular diagnostics and therapeutic targets to prevent or treat atherosclerosis. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:378–401. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1344This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organismal Models
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods
Multiscale modeling of brain dynamics: from single neurons and networks to mathematical tools
Authors: Siettos Constantinos , Starke Jens 
Published: June 2016

The extreme complexity of the brain naturally requires mathematical modeling approaches on a large variety of scales; the spectrum ranges from single neuron dynamics over the behavior of groups of neurons to neuronal network activity. Thus, the connection between the microscopic scale (single neuron activity) to macroscopic behavior (emergent behavior of the collective dynamics) and vice versa is a key to understand the brain in its complexity. In this work, we attempt a review of a wide range of approaches, ranging from the modeling of single neuron dynamics to machine learning. The models include biophysical as well as data‐driven phenomenological models. The discussed models include Hodgkin–Huxley, FitzHugh–Nagumo, coupled oscillators (Kuramoto oscillators, Rössler oscillators, and the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron), Integrate and Fire, networks of neurons, and neural field equations. In addition to the mathematical models, important mathematical methods in multiscale modeling and reconstruction of the causal connectivity are sketched. The methods include linear and nonlinear tools from statistics, data analysis, and time series analysis up to differential equations, dynamical systems, and bifurcation theory, including Granger causal connectivity analysis, phase synchronization connectivity analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), and manifold learning algorithms such as ISOMAP, and diffusion maps and equation‐free techniques. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:438–458. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1348This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Coping with cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in allergy diagnosis
Authors: Altmann Friedrich 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A relevant proportion of allergy diagnosis is accomplished by in vitro determination of specific immunglobulin E (sIgE) to extracts from suspected allergens. Such extracts inevitably contain glycoproteins, which may react with patients’ IgE. In the case of plant and insect allergens, the relevant epitope structure is an α-1,3-fucose on the Asn-linked sugar residue of so-called N-glycans. Due to their wide distribution, N-glycans carrying this epitope are known as “cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant(s)” (CCD[s]). About 15 years of awareness allow the conclusion that anti-CCD IgE does not cause noticeable clinical symptoms. In consequence, diagnostic results arising from CCD reactivity must be rated as false positives. With up to 30 % of CCD reactive patients, this can be regarded as a serious problem.
Another cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant became notorious as a potential cause of anaphylactic reactions to a recombinant glycoprotein drug carrying α-1,3-galactose. This galactose-containing determinant (GalCD, galactose containing cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant) was supposed as a trigger for delayed allergic reactions to red meat in several cases. Thus, α-1,3-galactose may have clinical relevance in certain cases – possibly as a result of tick bites. Often, however, GalCDs probably cause false-positive results with milk and meat extracts. No clear evidence for the role of other non-human carbohydrate structures such as N-glycolylneuraminic acid as CCD has been presented so far.
Remedies for sIgE based in vitro diagnosis come in the form of non-glycosylated recombinant allergen components or of specific CCD inhibitors. The high potential of recombinant allergens is optimally realized in the context of component resolved diagnosis using allergen arrays with more than 100 components, whereas CCD inhibitors increase the specificity of conventional extract-based diagnosis. Reagents for the detection and inhibition of CCDs from plants and insects have been developed, whereas tools for GalCDs of milk and meat lag behind.
Update on ultrasensitive technologies to facilitate research on blood biomarkers for central nervous system disorders
Authors: Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMost research on fluid biomarkers for central nervous system (CNS) disorders has so far been performed using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as the biomarker source. CSF has the advantage of being closer to the brain than serum or plasma with a relative enrichment of CNS‐specific proteins that are present at very low concentrations in the blood and thus difficult to reliably quantify using standard immunochemical technologies. Recent technical breakthroughs in the field of ultrasensitive assays have started to change this. Here, we review the most established ultrasensitive quantitative technologies that are currently available to general biomarker laboratories and discuss their use in research on biomarkers for CNS disorders.
Gender Dysphoria and Social Anxiety: An Exploratory Study in Spain
Authors: Bergero-Miguel Trinidad , García-Encinas María A. , Villena-Jimena Amelia , Pérez-Costillas Lucía , Sánchez-Álvarez Nicolás , de Diego-Otero Yolanda , Guzman-Parra Jose 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Social anxiety in gender dysphoria is still under investigation.

Aim
To determine the prevalence and associated factors of social anxiety in a sample of individuals with gender dysphoria.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was used in a clinical sample attending a public gender identity unit in Spain. The sample consisted of 210 individuals (48% trans female and 52% trans male).

Main outcome measures
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, Structured Clinical Interview, Exposure to Violence Questionnaire (EVQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (Duke-UNC-11).

Results
Of the total sample, 31.4% had social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder was highly correlated with age (r = −0.181; CI = 0.061–0.264; P = .009) and depression (r = 0.345; CI = 0.213–0.468; P &lt; .001); it is strongly associated to current cannabis use (relative risk [RR] = 1.251; CI = 1.070–1.463; P = .001) and lifetime suicidal ideation (RR = 1.902; CI 1.286–2.814; P &lt; .001). Moreover, it is significantly associated to lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (RR = 1.188; CI 1.018–1.386; P = .011), nationality (RR = 7.792; CI 1.059–57.392; P = .013), perceived violence at school during childhood and adolescence (r = 0.169; CI = 0.036–0.303; P = .014), unemployment (RR = 1.333; CI 1.02–1.742; P = .021), and hospitalization of parents in childhood (RR = 1.146; CI = 1.003–4.419; P = .046). Using multivariable analysis, the highly significant variables within the model were depression score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.083; CI = 1.045–1.123; P &lt; .001) and current cannabis use (OR = 3.873; CI = 1.534–9.779, P = .004), also age (OR = 0.948; CI = 0.909–0.989; P = .012), hospitalization of parents during childhood (OR = 2.618; CI = 1.107–6.189; P = .028), and nationality (OR = 9.427; CI = 1.065–83.457; P = .044) were associated with social anxiety disorder.

Conclusion
This study highlights the necessity of implementing actions to prevent and treat social anxiety in this high-risk population.
Haloperidol inactivates AMPK and reduces tau phosphorylation in a tau mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Koppel Jeremy , Jimenez Heidy , Adrien Leslie , Greenwald Blaine S. , Marambaud Philippe , Cinamon Ezra , Davies Peter 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionThe use of antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer's disease has been associated with an increased risk of mortality in clinical trials. However, an older postmortem literature suggests that those with schizophrenia treated in an era of exclusively conventional antipsychotic medications had a surprisingly low incidence of tau pathology. No previously published studies have investigated the impact of conventional antipsychotic exposure on tau outcomes in a tau mouse model of AD.MethodsIn two experiments, transgenic rTg (tauP301L) 4510 tau mice were treated with either haloperidol or vehicle and phosphotau epitopes were quantified using high‐sensitivity tau ELISA.ResultsAfter treatments of 2 and 6 week's duration, mice treated with haloperidol evidenced a significant reduction in tau phosphorylation associated with an inactivation of the tau kinase AMPK.DiscussionThe data suggest that D2 receptor blockade reduces tau phosphorylation in vivo. Future studies are necessary to investigate the impact of this reduction on tau neuropathology.
Multi-scale Holocene Asian monsoon variability deduced from a twin-stalagmite record in southwestern China
Authors: Huang Wei , Wang Yongjin , Cheng Hai , Edwards Richard Lawrence , Shen Chuan-Chou , Liu Dianbing , Shao Qingfeng , Deng Chao , Zhang Zhenqiu , Wang Quan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present two isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) sequences of a twin-stalagmite from Zhuliuping Cave, southwestern China, with 230Th dates from 14.6 to 4.6 ka. The stalagmite δ18O record characterizes orbital- to decadal-scale variability of Asian summer monsoon (ASM) intensity, with the Holocene optimum period (HOP) between 9.8 and 6.8 ka BP which is reinforced by its co-varying δ13C data. The large multi-decadal scale amplitude of the cave δ18O indicates its high sensitivity to climate change. Four centennial-scale weak ASM events during the early Holocene are centered at 11.2, 10.8, 9.1 and 8.2 ka. They can be correlated to cold periods in the northern high latitudes, possibly resulting from rapid dynamics of atmospheric circulation associated with North Atlantic cooling. The 8.2 ka event has an amplitude more than two-thirds that of the Younger Dryas (YD), and is significantly stronger than other cave records in the Asia monsoon region, likely indicating a more severe dry climate condition at the cave site. At the end of the YD event, the δ13C record lags the δ18O record by 300–500 yr, suggesting a multi-centennial slow response of vegetation and soil processes to monsoon enhancement.
Climatic interpretation of loess-paleosol sequences at Mobarakabad and Aghband, Northern Iran
Authors: Ghafarpour Amin , Khormali Farhad , Balsam William , Karimi Alireza , Ayoubi Shamsollah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLoess accumulation and paleosol formation are important Quaternary geoarchives in northern Iran. Two loess-paleosol sequences at Mobarakabad and Aghband were examined using soil morphology and micromorphology, mineralogy, magnetic susceptibility (MS), free Fe oxides and calcium carbonate equivalent. The loess-paleosol sequences provide a record of changes in paleo-rainfall in the northern Iran. Micromorphological and MS differences between the loess and paleosols in the sections reflect changes in climate. The different behaviors of magnetic susceptibility between Aghband and Mobar-akabad loess are mainly produced by their different pedogenic environments, topography and climatic conditions. As a result, the MS at the Mobarakabad section is much higher than at Aghband. Paleoeco-logical reconstructions coupled with magnetic depletion in paleosols at Mobarakabad suggest a wetter climate dominating during the formation of the paleosols.
Coping with Multiple Institutional Logics: Temporal Process of Institutional Work during the Emergence of the One Foundation in China
Authors: Liu Yuhuan , Zhang Chenjian , Jing Runtian 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAn increasing body of research has applied an institutional perspective to understand actors’ responses to conflicting institutional logics and the creation process of new organizational forms. Although China provides a natural, real-time laboratory to study this topic, scant empirical research has been done. Moreover, we find it is insufficient to apply current frameworks, which have been mainly driven by studies conducted in Western contexts, to study actors’ responses to institutional multiplicity in China, especially in its emerging non-profit sector. This article fills research gaps by providing an in-depth case analysis of the creation and legitimation process of the One Foundation – the first independent charity foundation established by civic individuals in China. Our study shows that the coexisting and competing relationship among state, civil society, social mission, and market logics provides impetus for organizational change and innovation. This article theorizes a temporal model by showing that actors seek provisional solutions in different organizational stages and gradually develop capabilities to progress institutional work from individual to organizational and to societal level to achieve their goals. By showing how a charity foundation plays a role as a change agent, this article also sheds light on the condition and process that drive innovation in China's non-profit sector.