bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation Conferences and Expert Networks in the Short Twentieth Century
Authors: de Bont Raf , Schleper Simone , Schouwenburg Hans 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The twentieth century witnessed the rise of a conservation movement that presented itself as 'international' and 'science-based'. This article analyses the changing transnational networks of experts mobilised by this movement. It does so by studying the participant lists of 21 influential international conservation conferences held between 1913 and 1990. On the basis of a database we were able to trace changes in the national background, disciplinary allegiance and gender balance of conference attendants. Furthermore, we singled out a so-called 'congress elite' of often returning participants, whose background we analyse more in depth. The overall composition of the congress network as well as that of its elite, we show, changed only through a slow and laborious process. This process accounts for both the continuity in the sensibilities of international conservation experts and the gradual changes in their approach.
The ‘Guardian Group’ of Finland: Socializing Measures in the Little Lotta Organization during the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Paksuniemi Merja , Keskinen Lauri 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this article is to explore the education that a Finnish voluntary organization, Pikkulotat, the Little Lottas, provided for girls aged 8–17 in Finland during the turbulent and highly political 1930s and 40s. Little Lottas, and their adult counterparts the Lotta Svärd, were nationalistic organizations designed to work on the home front in case of war. From an outside perspective, their activity resembled the scout movement. The aim of the organization was to teach girls skills and knowledge that were to be used in national defence work. The Little Lotta organization had approximately 13,000 members in 1935, 24,000 members in 1939 and 52,000 members in 1944 when its activities were shut down due to political reasons. The primary data of this article consists of magazines Pikkulotta [Little Lotta] (1938–1943), Lottatyttö [Lotta Girl] (1943–1944) and Lotta Svärd (1934–1943). The specific aim of this article is to answer, by using Critical Discourse Analysis as a theoretical tool, the following questions: What were the attributes of a stereotypical Little Lotta? What ideology, skills and guidelines were passed on to readers of previously mentioned magazines? What do texts reveal about the historical context and prevailing culture in which the Little Lotta organization functioned? Results show that members of Little Lotta were given instructions, advice and recommendations that covered all aspects of life: physical appearance, morals, ideology, religion and so on. These measures had three somewhat overlapping aims: 1) to incorporate women into service for the country, 2) to spread officially approved ideologies to homes and, finally, 3) to raise future mothers.
The Small Magellanic Cloud Investigation of Dust and Gas Evolution (SMIDGE): The Dust Extinction Curve from Red Clump Stars
Authors: Merica-Jones Petia Yanchulova , Sandstrom Karin M. , Johnson L. Clifton , Dalcanton Julianne , Dolphin Andrew E. , Gordon Karl , Roman-Duval Julia , Weisz Daniel R. , Williams Benjamin F. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We use Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of red clump stars taken as part of the Small Magellanic Cloud Investigation of Dust and Gas Evolution (SMIDGE) program to measure the average dust extinction curve in a ∼200 pc × 100 pc region in the southwest bar of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The rich information provided by our eight-band ultraviolet through near-infrared photometry allows us to model the color–magnitude diagram of the red clump accounting for the extinction curve shape, a log-normal distribution of A

V
, and the depth of the stellar distribution along the line of sight. We measure an extinction curve with

. This measurement is significantly larger than the equivalent values of published Milky Way (MW) R

V
= 3.1 (

) and SMC Bar R

V
= 2.74 (

) extinction curves. Similar extinction curve offsets in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) have been interpreted as the effect of large dust grains. We demonstrate that the line-of-sight depth of the SMC (and LMC) introduces an apparent “gray” contribution to the extinction curve inferred from the morphology of the red clump. We show that no gray dust component is needed to explain extinction curve measurements when FWHM depth of 10 ± 2 kpc in the stellar distribution of the SMC (5 ± 1 kpc for the LMC) is considered, which agrees with recent studies of Magellanic Cloud stellar structure. The results of our work demonstrate the power of broadband HST imaging for simultaneously constraining dust and galactic structure outside the MW.
Constraints on Axion-like Particles from X-Ray Observations of NGC1275
Authors: Berg Marcus , Conlon Joseph P. , Day Francesca , Jennings Nicholas , Krippendorf Sven , Powell Andrew J. , Rummel Markus 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Axion-like particles (ALPs) can induce localized oscillatory modulations in the spectra of photon sources passing through astrophysical magnetic fields. Ultra-deep Chandra observations of the Perseus cluster contain over

counts from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the central cluster galaxy NGC1275 and represent a data set of extraordinary quality for ALP searches. We use this data set to search for X-ray spectral irregularities from the AGN. The absence of irregularities at the

level allows us to place leading constraints on the ALP-photon mixing parameter

for

, depending on assumptions on the magnetic field realization along the line of sight.
Three Statistically Validated K2 Transiting Warm Jupiter Exoplanets Confirmed as Low-mass Stars
Authors: Shporer Avi , Zhou George , Vanderburg Andrew , Fulton Benjamin J. , Isaacson Howard , Bieryla Allyson , Torres Guillermo , Morton Timothy D. , Bento Joao , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Howard Andrew W. , Latham David W. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We have identified three K2 transiting star–planet systems, K2-51 (EPIC 202900527), K2-67 (EPIC 206155547), and K2-76 (EPIC 206432863), as stellar binaries with low-mass stellar secondaries. The three systems were statistically validated as transiting planets, and through measuring their orbits by radial velocity (RV) monitoring we have derived the companion masses to be

(EPIC 202900527 B),

(EPIC 206155547 B), and 0.0942 ± 0.0019

(EPIC 206432863 B). Therefore, they are not planets but small stars, part of the small sample of low-mass stars with measured radius and mass. The three systems are at an orbital period range of 12–24 days, and the secondaries have a radius within 0.9–1.9

, not inconsistent with the properties of warm Jupiter planets. These systems illustrate some of the existing challenges in the statistical validation approach. We point out a few possible origins for the initial misclassification of these objects, including poor characterization of the host star, the difficulty in detecting a secondary eclipse in systems on an eccentric orbit, and the difficulty in distinguishing between the smallest stars and gas giant planets as the two populations have indistinguishable radius distributions. Our work emphasizes the need for obtaining medium-precision RV measurements to distinguish between companions that are small stars, brown dwarfs, and gas giant planets.
Energy Release in the Solar Atmosphere from a Stream of Infalling Prominence Debris
Authors: Inglis A. R. , Gilbert H. R. , Ofman L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Recent high-resolution and high-cadence extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) imaging has revealed a new phenomenon, impacting prominence debris, where prominence material from failed or partial eruptions can impact the lower atmosphere, releasing energy. We report a clear example of energy release and EUV brightening due to infalling prominence debris that occurred on 2011 September 7–8. The initial eruption of material was associated with an X1.8-class flare from AR 11283, occurring at 22:30 UT on 2011 September 7. Subsequently, a semicontinuous stream of this material returned to the solar surface with a velocity v > 150 km s−1, impacting a region remote from the original active region between 00:20 and 00:40 UT on 2011 September 8. Using the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, the differential emission measure of the plasma was estimated throughout this brightening event. We found that the radiated energy of the impacted plasma was

erg, while the thermal energy peaked at ∼1028 erg. From this we were able to determine the mass content of the debris to be in the range

g. Given typical prominence masses, the likely debris mass is toward the lower end of this range. This clear example of a prominence debris event shows that significant energy release takes place during these events and that such impacts may be used as a novel diagnostic tool for investigating prominence material properties.
The Fate of Close-in Planets: Tidal or Magnetic Migration?
Authors: Strugarek A. , Bolmont E. , Mathis S. , Brun A. S. , Réville V. , Gallet F. , Charbonnel C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Planets in close-in orbits interact magnetically and tidally with their host stars. These interactions lead to a net torque that makes close-in planets migrate inward or outward depending on their orbital distance. We systematically compare the strength of magnetic and tidal torques for typical observed star–planet systems (T-Tauri and hot Jupiter, M-dwarf and Earth-like planet, K star and hot Jupiter) based on state-of-the-art scaling laws. We find that depending on the characteristics of the system, tidal or magnetic effects can dominate. For very close-in planets, we find that both torques can make a planet migrate on a timescale as small as 10–100 thousands of years. Both effects thus have to be taken into account when predicting the evolution of compact systems.
La Lorraine comme ressource et lieu de production de l’industrie de la Ruhr
Authors: Marx Christian , Joly Hervé 
Published: September 2017

L’annexion de la Lorraine allemande après la guerre de 1870 a établi des liens étroits entre les gisements de minerais de fer lorrains et la sidérurgie de la Ruhr à la fin du xix	e	siècle. L’article étudie ces liens à travers l’exemple de l’entreprise Gutehoffnungshütte. Le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale a augmenté l’importance de la Lorraine comme ressource stratégique, tout en plaçant la production locale de minerai de fer devant des défis multiples avec la pénurie de main-d’œuvre et les opérations militaires.
La perception de l’ancien ennemi en Lorraine à l’issue des deux guerres mondiales
Authors: Metzger Chantal 
Published: September 2017

La Lorraine a été, pendant les deux Guerres mondiales, annexée, occupée et surtout victime d’exactions de la part de l’occupant allemand. Après la victoire en 1918 et la capitulation sans conditions de l’Allemagne le 8 mai 1945, les populations de Lorraine sont restées contrairement aux autres régions de France, en contact avec l’ancien ennemi, leur voisin immédiat. Cet article analyse leurs réactions et l’évolution de leur attitude dans les années qui suivirent la fin des conflits.
Genesis of Psychoanalysis and Feminism /Genèse de Psychanalyse et féminisme
Authors: Mitchell Juliet , Nesci Catherine 
Published: September 2017

Juliet Mitchell décrit la genèse de son livre de 1974, Psychanalyse et féminisme . Elle rappelle sa relation avec le mouvement parisien « Psychanalyse et Politique », mais insiste sur le fait qu’elle avait déjà écrit son livre avant de les rencontrer. Elle explique que contrairement à PsychéPo, elle a adopté le travail de Lacan pour entrer dans la vision patriarcale qu’exposaient les théories de Freud. Mitchell dit que sa motivation pour explorer la psychanalyse, c’était sa fascination pour la position anti-freudienne enragée des premières féministes américaines de la fin des années 1960. Elle a découvert que pour saisir quelque chose de l’oppression des femmes, Freud, glosé par Lacan, était bien plus révolutionnaire que les penseurs radicaux plus tardifs. Mitchell explique qu’elle a trouvé dans le travail de Freud ce qu’elle cherchait : une façon de penser la question de l’oppression des femmes.
Arthropods of Canadian grasslands: a retrospective of a 40-year project of the Biological Survey of Canada
Authors: Floate K.D. , Shorthouse J.D. , Giberson D.J. , Cárcamo H.A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Biological Survey of Canada initiated a project in 1979 to collect and synthesise information on the native arthropod fauna of the vanishing grassland habitats of Canada. At that time, it was thought that the Canadian arthropod fauna might comprise about 66 000 species. Recent studies suggest that the fauna may exceed 100 000 species, of which >25% may occur in the Prairies Ecozone. Results of this near 40-year project have been published in four volumes of the Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands monograph series of the Biological Survey of Canada. Here, the editors of this series review the grasslands project of the Biological Survey of Canada, summarise the contents of the volumes, and discuss current knowledge on the diversity of the grasslands arthropods of Canada. Whereas information on the species richness of some groups in the Prairies Ecozone is largely complete, information on the diversity of many other groups remains sparse. Reviewing the steps between initiation and publication of the Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands series may aid development of similar projects elsewhere. Identifying knowledge gaps will direct future research efforts. Identifying the diversity of grassland arthropods, their distribution and abundance, and the ecosystem services that they provide will facilitate efforts to conserve the remaining grassland habitats in Canada.
Wheelchair accessibility to public buildings in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Yarfi Cosmos , Ashigbi Evans Y.K. , Nakua Emmanuel K. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Accessibility implies making public places accessible to every individual, irrespective of his or her disability or special need, ensuring the integration of the wheelchair user into the society and thereby granting them the capability of participating in activities of daily living and ensuring equality in daily life.Objective: This study was carried out to assess the accessibility of the physical infrastructures (public buildings) in the Kumasi metropolis to wheelchairs after the passage of the Ghanaian Disability Law (Act 716, 2006).Methods: Eighty-four public buildings housing education facilities, health facilities, ministries, departments and agencies, sports and recreation, religious groups and banks were assessed. The routes, entrances, height of steps, grade of ramps, sinks, entrance to washrooms, toilets, urinals, automated teller machines and tellers’ counters were measured and computed.Results: Out of a total of 84 buildings assessed, only 34 (40.5%) of the buildings, 52.3% of the entrances and 87.4% of the routes of the buildings were accessible to wheelchair users. A total of 25% (13 out of 52) of the public buildings with more than one floor were fitted with elevators to connect the different levels of floors.Conclusion: The results of this study show that public buildings in the Kumasi metropolis are not wheelchair accessible. An important observation made during this study was that there is an intention to improve accessibility when buildings are being constructed or renovated, but there are no laid down guidelines as how to make the buildings accessible for wheelchair users.
Created in the image of God and sexuality in early-Jewish writings
Authors: Van Eck Ernest 
Published: September 2017

This article pays tribute to the contribution made by Yolanda Dreyer regarding critique on the prevalence of patriarchy in society, as well as her defence of homosexuality as a normal sexual orientation. Taking as point of departure her work on the woman as created in God’s image, it is argued that understanding the metaphor ‘created in God’s image’ as referring to rule over all, and not as created as man and woman, has important implications for the relationship between man and woman, as well as the normalisation of relationships between the same sex.
Perceptions of clients on awareness and the geographical location of a South African university sexual health clinic
Authors: Adams Rukshana , Van Der Heever Mariana M. , Damons Anneleen 
Published: September 2017

Background: The Campus Health Service at Stellenbosch University has a sub-division, a sexual health clinic, which provides sexual health services. The clients of the sexual health clinic consist of staff members and students.Aim: This article reports on the perceptions of clients that relate to awareness and the geographical location of the clinic.Setting: The Campus Health Service at Stellenbosch University’s main campus.Method: A descriptive qualitative approach was applied utilising in-depth interviews. A sample of n = 15 was drawn through purposive sampling and data saturation was achieved with the sample.Results: The following themes emerged from the data: location of the clinic, awareness of sexual health services and marketing and advertising.Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that accessibility of the clinic is influenced by the geographical location of the clinic and that marketing and awareness of services require attention.
Gross anatomy and ultrasonography of the udder in goat
Authors: Adam Z. , Ragab G. , Awaad A. , Tawfiek M. , Maksoud M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The udder is a very important structural and physiological component in all dairy animals, so the precise knowledge of its normal gross morphology is fundamental for the clinical examination. Objective: The current study aimed to clarify the gross anatomical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings of the udder in Egyptian native breeds of goat (Baladi goat). Materials and Methods: Thirteen healthy Baladi goats during lactation period were grossly investigated and then they were examined through B-mode ultrasonography. Two specimens were used for corrosion casting and the remaining specimens were subjected to the anatomical dissection. Results: The gross anatomical investigation revealed that the udder of goat was consisted of two halves; each one had mammary body and teat, and it was suspended in the ventral abdominal wall and pelvic floor through the medial and lateral suspensory laminae. Moreover, each half was composed of a single mammary unit which included the mammary glandular parenchyma, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinus and teat canal ended by a teat orifice. These mammary structures showed variant echogenicity during ultrasonographic examination according to their reflective intensity to the ultrasound. Conclusion: The morphological features and ultrasonographic findings obtained in this study could assist in the further diagnosis of several pathological conditions of the udder of goat.
Histomorphometric changes in the gill of Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of chlorpyrifos
Authors: Omirinde J. , Audu B. , Mohammed O. , Gosomji I. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Chlorpyrifos is an agrochemical pesticide of fame that is commonly used by farmers to control pests. This chemical may become harmful to fish when washed into waterways leading to aquatic environment. This study investigates the histo-morphometric changes in the gills of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute toxic concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Materials and Methods: Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (weight 7.28 ± 0.03g and length 4.82 ± 0.06cm) were exposed to grades of (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 pml/L) chlorpyrifos in solution. The 96 hour LC50 value of chlorpyrifos was found to be 160 pml/L. Results: The grades of chlorpyrifos induced several gill histo-architectural damages such as: moderate to severe gill epithelia sloughing, primary and secondary lamellar hyperplasia and central veinous congestion in the parenchyma with pronounced severity in fish exposed to higher concentrations. Similarly, the gill morphometrics (secondary lamellar length, width, interlamellar distance and surface area) were markedly altered by the graded concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: Chlorpyrifos appears to be very toxic to ish and therefore, its use near ish farms or in areas close to aquatic environments should be discouraged.
High division of sciatic nerve associated with a double superior gemellus muscle
Authors: Dupim A. , Teixeira A. , Pires L. , Chagas C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The superior gemellus muscle is a lateral rotator of the thigh, functioning together with other muscles of the region such as the piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve of the human body. It arises from the lumbosacral plexus and divides into two nerves: the tibial and common fibular nerves, which normally appear near the apex of the popliteal fossa. It is responsible for the innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower limb. Case report: We report a doubled superior gemellus muscle associated with a high division of the sciatic nerve on the left side of a cadaveric specimen. The other muscles of the region showed no abnormality. Conclusion: This variation may offer information to piriformis muscle syndrome and be of importance in radiology and surgery of the region.
Morphological development of the testicles and spermatogenesis in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Nunes A. , Santos J. , Gouveia B. , Menezes V. , Matos M. , Faria M. , Gradela A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Understanding the dynamics of spermatogenesis is crucial to clinical andrology and to understanding the processes which define the ability to produce sperm. However, the entire process cannot be modeled in vitro and guinea pig may be an alternative as animal model for studying human reproduction. Objective: In order to establish morphological patterns of the testicular development and spermatogenesis in guinea pigs, we examined testis to assess changes in the testis architecture, transition time from spermatocytes to elongated spermatids and stablishment of puberty. Materials and methods: We used macroscopic analysis, microstructural analysis and absolute measures of seminiferous tubules by light microscopy in fifty-five guinea pigs from one to eleven weeks of age. Results: Differences in relation to mass, length and width of the testes appeared at week 3 and were intensified in week 6 with the puberty. At week 2 the first spermatocytes at preleptotene/leptotene appeared, indicating the onset of meiosis. At week 6 the seminiferous tubules formed lumen, differentiated Sertoli cells and all kinds of germ cells; spermatozoa released into the lumen and the largest expansion of tubular diameter and height of the seminiferous epithelium occurred. Transition time from spermatocytes to elongated spermatids was estimated in 21 days. Conclusion: We conclude that the testicular development and puberty are faster than in other mammal and rodent species, demonstrating the suitability of the guinea pig testes as a model for studies of the testicular development and spermatogenesis.