bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent mesial temporal lobe lateralization in language fMRI
Authors: Sepeta Leigh N. , Berl Madison M. , Wilke Marko , You Xiaozhen , Mehta Meera , Xu Benjamin , Inati Sara , Dustin Irene , Khan Omar , Austermuehle Alison , Theodore William H. , Gaillard William D. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation of the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) may be important for epilepsy surgical planning. We examined MTL activation and lateralization during language fMRI in children and adults with focal epilepsy.MethodsOne hundred forty‐two controls and patients with left hemisphere focal epilepsy (pediatric: epilepsy, n = 17, mean age = 9.9 ± 2.0; controls, n = 48; mean age = 9.1 ± 2.6; adult: epilepsy, n = 20, mean age = 26.7 ± 5.8; controls, n = 57, mean age = 26.2 ± 7.5) underwent 3T fMRI using a language task (auditory description decision task). Image processing and analyses were conducted using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8); regions of interest (ROIs) included MTL, Broca's area, and Wernicke's area. We assessed group and individual MTL activation, and examined degree of lateralization.ResultsPatients and controls (pediatric and adult) demonstrated group and individual MTL activation during language fMRI. MTL activation was left lateralized for adults, but less so in children (p's < 0.005). Patients did not differ from controls in either age group. Stronger left‐lateralized MTL activation was related to older age (p = 0.02). Language lateralization (Broca's and Wernicke's) predicted 19% of the variance in MTL lateralization for adults (p = 0.001), but for not children.SignificanceLanguage fMRI may be used to elicit group and individual MTL activation. The developmental difference in MTL lateralization and its association with language lateralization suggests a developmental shift in lateralization of MTL function, with increased left lateralization across the age span. This shift may help explain why children have better memory outcomes following resection compared to adults.
Long‐term reduction of health care costs and utilization after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Schiltz Nicholas K. , Kaiboriboon Kitti , Koroukian Siran M. , Singer Mendel E. , Love Thomas E. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo assess long‐term direct medical costs, health care utilization, and mortality following resective surgery in persons with uncontrolled epilepsy.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal cohort study of Medicaid beneficiaries with epilepsy from 2000 to 2008. The study population included 7,835 persons with uncontrolled focal epilepsy ages 18–64 years, with an average follow‐up time of 5 years. Of these, 135 received surgery during the study period. To account for selection bias, we used risk‐set optimal pairwise matching on a time‐varying propensity score, and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Repeated measures generalized linear models were used to model utilization and cost outcomes. Cox proportional hazard was used to model survival.ResultsThe mean direct medical cost difference between the surgical group and control group was $6,806 after risk‐set matching. The incidence rate ratio of inpatient, emergency room, and outpatient utilization was lower among the surgical group in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. There was no significant difference in mortality after adjustment. Among surgical cases, mean annual costs per subject were on average $6,484 lower, and all utilization measures were lower after surgery compared to before.SignificanceSubjects that underwent epilepsy surgery had lower direct medical care costs and health care utilization. These findings support that epilepsy surgery yields substantial health care cost savings.
Parents’ interest in genetic testing of their offspring in multiplex epilepsy families
Authors: Caminiti Courtney B. , Hesdorffer Dale C. , Shostak Sara , Goldsmith Jeff , Sorge Shawn T. , Winawer Melodie R. , Phelan Jo C. , Chung Wendy K. , Ottman Ruth 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate parents’ interest in genetic testing of their offspring in families containing multiple individuals with epilepsy.MethodsSeventy‐seven parents with affected offspring and 173 parents without affected offspring from families containing multiple individuals with epilepsy completed a questionnaire asking about their interest in genetic testing of their offspring. Interest in testing was ascertained in four scenarios defined by clinical utility and penetrance of the gene in the test (100% vs. 50%). Pairwise agreement in interest was assessed between parents for testing themselves versus their offspring, and between mothers and fathers for their offspring.ResultsAmong parents with affected offspring, the proportion interested in genetic testing of offspring (“diagnostic testing”) was 86% in the 100% penetrance, clinical utility scenario, and 71% in the 100% penetrance, no clinical utility scenario (p = 0.007). Among parents without affected offspring, comparable proportions interested in genetic testing of offspring (“predictive testing”) were 74% and 53% (p < 0.001), and were significantly lower than in parents with affected offspring (clinical utility, p = 0.02; no clinical utility, p = 0.01). Interest in testing did not differ by gene penetrance. Parents’ agreement in testing interest for themselves versus their offspring was “substantial” (90% agreement, κ = 0.72) for a test with clinical utility, and “almost perfect” for a test without clinical utility (94% agreement, κ = 0.88). Agreement in testing interest between mothers and fathers was “moderate” for a test with clinical utility (85% agreement, κ = 0.48,), and “fair” for a test without clinical utility (67% agreement, κ = 0.30).SignificanceInterest in diagnostic genetic testing is strong among parents with offspring with epilepsy, particularly when the test offers clinical utility. Testing interest is lower for a diagnostic test without clinical utility, or for a predictive test in offspring at risk of developing epilepsy in the future.
A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial to improve antiepileptic drug adherence in young children with epilepsy
Authors: Modi Avani C. , Guilfoyle Shanna M. , Mann Krista A. , Rausch Joseph R. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe primary aim was to examine the preliminary efficacy of a family tailored problem‐solving intervention to improve antiepileptic drug (AED) adherence in families of children with new‐onset epilepsy. Secondary aims were to assess changes in targeted mechanisms and treatment feasibility and acceptability. Fifty families (Mage = 7.6 ± 3.0; 80% Caucasian; 42% idiopathic localization related) completed baseline questionnaires and were given an electronic monitor to observe daily AED adherence. If adherence was ≤ 95% in the first 7 months of the study, families were randomized (Supporting Treatment Adherence Regimens (STAR): n = 11; Treatment as Usual (TAU): n = 12). Twenty‐one families were not randomized due to adherence being ≥95%. The STAR intervention included four face‐to‐face and two telephone problem‐solving sessions over 8 weeks. Significant group differences in adherence were found during active intervention (weeks 4–6; TAU = −12.0 vs. STAR = 18.1, p < 0.01; and weeks session 6–8: TAU = −9.7 vs. STAR = 15.3, p < 0.05). Children who received the STAR intervention exhibited improved adherence compared to children in the TAU group during active treatment. Significant changes in epilepsy knowledge and management were noted for the STAR group. Families expressed benefitting from the STAR intervention. Future studies should include a larger sample size and booster intervention sessions to maintain treatment effects over time.
Food Acceptance and Social Learning Opportunities in Semi‐Free Eastern Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Authors: Gustafsson Erik , Saint Jalme Michel , Kamoga Dennis , Mugisha Lawrence , Snounou Georges , Bomsel Marie‐Claude , Krief Sabrina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhen confronted with novel foods, chimpanzees’ responses combine a mixture of curiosity and cautiousness. Once the item is in the mouth, the initial cautiousness is followed by an aversion to bitter taste that is mediated mainly by the TAS2R gene family. For instance, variations on the TAS2R38 locus which has been studied extensively in humans have been associated with different acceptance of bitter substances. Surprisingly, while cautiousness and bitter taste aversion were selected to prevent any risk of poisoning, very few studies on novel food acceptance have included the vegetative parts of plants. Moreover, the studies were usually carried out with captive apes faced to a very restricted variety of non‐toxic plants, hardly making the results representative. This study aims to replicate previous findings obtained in zoos while controlling for these limitations. We provided nine subgroups of eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) living in the Ugandan sanctuary of Ngamba Island with novel plants known to be consumed by wild chimpanzees of the same subspecies, as well as domestic plants, wild sapota fruit and grey clay used by human local communities. We also genotyped their TAS2R38 gene. Our results confirm the very low genetic heterogeneity for TAS2R38 in this chimpanzee subspecies. Chimpanzees were particularly cautious towards the vegetative parts of novel plants, likely reflecting their behavioural strategy for avoiding toxic compounds. We also confirmed their higher propensity towards testing sapota and clay, reflecting their ability to expand their diet. In contrast with the results found in zoos, familiar and novel less‐palatable vegetative parts of plants did not elicit many interindividual observations. This may be explained by the items presented, which could have been so novel to be considered as enrichment in captive conditions, where the apes are rarely exposed to plants.
Animal behaviour shapes the ecological effects of ocean acidification and warming: moving from individual to community‐level responses
Authors: Nagelkerken Ivan , Munday Philip L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiological communities are shaped by complex interactions between organisms and their environment as well as interactions with other species. Humans are rapidly changing the marine environment through increasing greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in ocean warming and acidification. The first response by animals to environmental change is predominantly through modification of their behaviour, which in turn affects species interactions and ecological processes. Yet, many climate change studies ignore animal behaviour. Furthermore, our current knowledge of how global change alters animal behaviour is mostly restricted to single species, life phases and stressors, leading to an incomplete view of how coinciding climate stressors can affect the ecological interactions that structure biological communities. Here, we first review studies on the effects of warming and acidification on the behaviour of marine animals. We demonstrate how pervasive the effects of global change are on a wide range of critical behaviours that determine the persistence of species and their success in ecological communities. We then evaluate several approaches to studying the ecological effects of warming and acidification, and identify knowledge gaps that need to be filled, to better understand how global change will affect marine populations and communities through altered animal behaviours. Our review provides a synthesis of the far‐reaching consequences that behavioural changes could have for marine ecosystems in a rapidly changing environment. Without considering the pervasive effects of climate change on animal behaviour we will limit our ability to forecast the impacts of ocean change and provide insights that can aid management strategies.
Scaling mangrove aboveground biomass from site‐level to continental‐scale
Authors: Rovai A. S. , Riul P. , Twilley R. R. , Castañeda‐Moya E. , Rivera‐Monroy V. H. , Williams A. A. , Simard M. , Cifuentes‐Jara M. , Lewis R. R. , Crooks S. , Horta P. A. , Schaeffer‐Novelli Y. , Cintrón G. , Pozo‐Cajas M. , Pagliosa P. R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimWe developed a set of statistical models to improve spatial estimates of mangrove aboveground biomass (AGB) based on the environmental signature hypothesis (ESH). We hypothesized that higher tidal amplitudes, river discharge, temperature, direct rainfall and decreased potential evapotranspiration explain observed high mangrove AGB.LocationNeotropics and a small portion of the Nearctic region.MethodsA universal forest model based on site‐level forest structure statistics was validated to spatially interpolate estimates of mangrove biomass at different locations. Linear models were then used to predict mangrove AGB across the Neotropics.ResultsThe universal forest site‐level model was effective in estimating mangrove AGB using pre‐existing mangrove forest structure inventories to validate the model. We confirmed our hypothesis that at continental scales higher tidal amplitudes contributed to high forest biomass associated with high temperature and rainfall, and low potential evapotranspiration. Our model explained 20% of the spatial variability in mangrove AGB, with values ranging from 16.6 to 627.0 t ha−1 (mean, 88.7 t ha−1). Our findings show that mangrove AGB has been overestimated by 25–50% in the Neotropics, underscoring a commensurate bias in current published global estimates using site‐level information.Main conclusionsOur analysis show how the ESH significantly explains spatial variability in mangrove AGB at hemispheric scales. This finding is critical to improve and explain site‐level estimates of mangrove AGB that are currently used to determine the relative contribution of mangrove wetlands to global carbon budgets. Due to the lack of a conceptual framework explicitly linking environmental drivers and mangrove AGB values during model validation, previous works have significantly overestimated mangrove AGB; our novel approach improved these assessments. In addition, our framework can potentially be applied to other forest‐dominated ecosystems by allowing the retrieval of extensive databases at local levels to generate more robust statistical predictive models to estimate continental‐scale biomass values.
Mineralization ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus from decomposing litter in temperate versus tropical forests
Authors: Marklein Alison R. , Winbourne Joy B. , Enders Sara K. , Gonzalez David J. X. , van Huysen Tiff L. , Izquierdo Jorge E. , Light Derrick R. , Liptzin Daniel , Miller Kimberley E. , Morford Scott L. , Norton Robert A. , Houlton Benjamin Z. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTerrestrial ecosystems sequester about 25% of anthropogenic CO2emissions annually; however, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation of plant productivity and microbial functioning could curtail this key ecosystem service in the future. Our aim is to address variations in nutrient resupply during decomposition – especially whether theN:Pratio of nutrient recycling via mineralization varies within and across diverse forest biomes.LocationGlobal forest ecosystems.MethodsWe compiled data onin situlitter decomposition experiments (leaf, wood and root) from the primary literature to examine the relationships between netNandPmineralization across temperate versus tropical forests world‐wide. We define net nutrient mineralization ratios as the averageN:Preleased from decomposing substrates at a given ecosystem site.ResultsWe show that netNandPmineralization are strongly correlated within biomes, suggesting strong coupling betweenNandPrecycling in forest ecosystems. The netN:Pof leaf‐litter mineralization is higher in tropical forests than in temperate forests, consistent with latitudinal patterns in foliar and leaf‐litterN:P. At the global scale, theN:Pof net mineralization tracks, but tends to be lower than that of litterN:P, pointing to preferentialP(versusN) mineralization in forest ecosystems.Main conclusionsOur results do not support the view that there is a single, globally consistent mineralizationN:Pratio. Instead, our results show that theN:Pof net mineralization can be predicted by theN:Pof litter, offering a method for incorporatingPinto global‐scale models of carbon–nutrient–climate interactions. In addition, these results imply thatPis scarce relative to microbial decomposer demands in tropical forests, whereasNandPmay be more co‐limiting when compared with microbial biomass in the temperate zone.
Family history and its relationship with dementia stigma beliefs among Chinese Americans
Authors: Woo Benjamin KP 
Published: December 2015

AimIt is known that Chinese Americans associate dementia with stigma and “loss of face.” However, further research is required to provide a more complete picture of the extent and nature of stigma in Chinese Americans with family histories of dementia (FHD). The present study examined whether FHD are associated with quantitative measures of stigma in Chinese Americans.MethodsA total of 300 Chinese Americans in two health seminars answered a 15‐item, true/false questionnaire to assess their beliefs toward dementia. Two groups were dichotomized and compared based on FHD.ResultsBoth groups subscribed to moderately stigmatizing views about dementia. Our findings showed that the group with FHD was more likely to disclose having relatives with dementia. However, this group was also more likely to perceive patients with dementia to be incapable of feeling other people's worries or concerns at once.ConclusionsStrategies to decrease stigma toward dementia are required. Cultural interventions must also extend into the Chinese American general public to reduce stigma of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 122–125.
Impact of multidimensional poverty on the self‐efficacy of older people: Results from an Australian longitudinal study
Authors: Callander Emily J , Schofield Deborah J 
Published: December 2015

AimsSelf‐efficacy has numerous benefits for active and healthy aging, including giving the people the ability to make positive changes to their living standards and lifestyles. The present study aims to determine whether falling into multidimensional poverty lowers self‐efficacy.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of waves 7–11 (2007–2011) of the nationally representative Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia survey using linear regression models. The analysis focused on the Australian population aged 65 years and older. The Freedom Poverty Measure was used to identify those in multidimensional poverty.ResultsThose who fell into multidimensional poverty for 3 or 4 years between 2007 and 2011 had their self‐efficacy scores decline by an average of 27 points (SD 21.2). Those who fell into poverty had significantly lower self‐efficacy scores in 2011 – up to 57% lower (−66.6%, −45.7% P < 0.0001) after being in multidimensional poverty for 3 or 4 years between 2007 and 2011 than those who were never in poverty.ConclusionsFalling into multidimensional poverty lowers the self‐efficacy scores of older people. In order to improve the chances of older people making long‐term changes to improve their living standards, feelings of self‐efficacy should first be assessed and improved. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 308–314.
Trichodynia: a review of the literature
Authors: Rebora Alfredo 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTrichodynia designates a painful sensation on the scalp sometimes reported by patients with hair loss. Its best description dates back to 1960, when Sulzberger et al. (Arch Dermatol 1960; 81: 556–560) reported it in a proportion of women complaining of an unexplained diffuse alopecia. Sulzberger et al.'s remark that trichodynia may also be circumscribed (“spotty”) is an important detail missed by most ensuing observers. Women are mostly affected or, at least, more likely to report it. The quality and intensity vary greatly, the “burning” variety being most severe. Whether trichodynia is prevalent in telogen effluvium or it may also be present in androgenetic alopecia remains a crucial question. Hairs shed only from painful sites, and this observation suggests that the severity of trichodynia is directly related to hair shedding and intensity. Trichodynia seems to be related to the release of substance P and is present in alopecia areata. Both observations suggest that peripilar inflammation may be a causative agent.
Small molecule mediated inhibition of RORγ‐dependent gene expression and autoimmune disease pathology in vivo
Authors: Banerjee Daliya , Zhao Linlin , Wu Lan , Palanichamy Arumugam , Ergun Ayla , Peng Liaomin , Quigley Catherine , Hamann Stefan , Dunstan Robert , Cullen Patrick , Allaire Norm , Guertin Kevin , Wang Tao , Chao Jianhua , Loh Christine , Fontenot Jason D. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryRetinoic acid receptor‐related orphan nuclear receptor γ (RORγ) orchestrates a pro‐inflammatory gene expression programme in multiple lymphocyte lineages including T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, γδ T cells, innate lymphoid cells and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. There is compelling evidence that RORγ‐expressing cells are relevant targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Unlike Th17 cells, where RORγ expression is induced under specific pro‐inflammatory conditions, γδ T cells and other innate‐like immune cells express RORγ in the steady state. Small molecule mediated disruption of RORγ function in cells with pre‐existing RORγ transcriptional complexes represents a significant and challenging pharmacological hurdle. We present data demonstrating that a novel, selective and potent small molecule RORγ inhibitor can block the RORγ‐dependent gene expression programme in both Th17 cells and RORγ‐expressing γδ T cells as well as a disease‐relevant subset of human RORγ‐expressing memory T cells. Importantly, systemic administration of this inhibitor in vivo limits pathology in an innate lymphocyte‐driven mouse model of psoriasis.
Physician assistants in medical ward care: a descriptive study of the situation in the Netherlands
Authors: Timmermans Marijke J. C. , van Vught Anneke J. A. H. , Van den Berg Michiel , Ponfoort Erik D. , Riemens Frank , van Unen Jacco , Wobbes Theo , Wensing Michel , Laurant Miranda G. H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesMedical ward care has been increasingly reallocated from medical doctors (MDs) to physician assistants (PAs). Insight into their roles and tasks is limited. This study aims to provide insight into different organizational models of medical ward care, focusing on the position, tasks and responsibilities of the involved PAs and MDs.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional descriptive study 34 hospital wards were included. Characteristics of the organizational models were collected from the heads of departments. We documented provider continuity by examination of work schedules. MDs and PAs in charge for medical ward care (n = 179) were asked to complete a questionnaire to measure workload, supervision and tasks performed.ResultsWe distinguished four different organizational models for ward care: medical specialists in charge of admitted patients (100% MS), medical residents in charge (100% MR), PAs in charge (100% PA), both MRs and PAs in charge (mixed PA/MR). The wards with PAs had the highest provider continuity. PAs spend relatively more time on direct patient care; MDs spend relatively more time on indirect patient care. PAs spend more hours on quality projects (P = 0.000), while MDs spend more time on scientific research (P = 0.030).ConclusionAcross different organizational models for medical ward care, we found variations in time per task, time per bed and provider continuity. Further research should focus on the impact of these differences on outcomes and efficiency of medical ward care.