bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiopoietin‐2 and soluble Tie‐2 receptor plasma levels in children with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity
Authors: Gozal David , Khalyfa Abdelnaby , Qiao Zhuanghong , Smith Dale L. , Philby Mona F. , Koren Dorit , Kheirandish‐Gozal Leila 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition, especially in children with obesity, and is associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Angiopoietins have been identified as potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and MetS. In adults, angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) and its soluble receptor (sTie‐2) are associated with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity and could be increased in children with OSA and obesity, particularly those with evidence of cardiometabolic alterations.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐six children (7.4 ± 2.0 years) were consecutively recruited and underwent overnight polysomnography, as well as endothelial function and BMI z score assessments and a fasting blood draw the morning after the sleep study. In addition to lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 concentrations were determined.ResultsChildren with obesity and OSA had significantly elevated plasma Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 levels compared to corresponding controls with and without obesity. Furthermore, endothelial function (Tmax) and HOMA‐IR were linearly and independently associated with Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 levels. In a small subset of children (n = 14), treatment of OSA by adenotonsillectomy resulted in reductions of Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 (P < 0.01).ConclusionsAng‐2 and sTie‐2 plasma levels are increased in pediatric OSA and obesity, particularly when endothelial dysfunction or insulin resistance is detectable, and appear to decrease upon OSA treatment.
Synonymous mutation in TP53 results in a cryptic splice site affecting its DNA‐binding site in an adolescent with two primary sarcomas
Authors: Austin Frances , Oyarbide Usua , Massey Gita , Grimes Margaret , Corey Seth J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPathologic variants in TP53 are known risk factors for the development of cancer. We report a 17‐year‐old male who presented with two primary sarcomas. Germline sequencing revealed a novel TP53 c.672 G>A mutation. Sequencing revealed wild‐type TP53 in the parents, and there was no history of cancer in first‐degree relatives. This de novo synonymous germline mutation results in a 5′ cryptic splice site that is bound by U1, resulting in a shift of the splice site by 5 base pairs. The frame shift results in a truncated protein at residue 246, which disrupts the DNA‐binding domain of p53.
Development of SECheM Concept for Isolation and Chemical Modification of Gossypol Directly from Cienfuegosia digitata
Authors: Sidi Boune Mohamed Vall , Ould Elemine Brahim , Lepitre Thomas , Ould Hadou Abderrahmane , Aliyenne Ahmed , Boumediana Ahmed Ismaïl , Daïch Adam , Othman Mohamed , Lawson Ata Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionGossypol is an axially chiral natural polyphenol classically extracted from the Malavaceae family. Nevertheless, its extraction and isolation from a plant can be quite complicated and extremely time‐consuming since gossypol is known to be sensitive to degradation under solvents, high temperature and light action. Moreover, its purification over column chromatography is a challenging problem due to its ability to oxidise and the existence of various tautomer forms.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient “one‐step” strategy for simultaneous extraction and semi‐synthesis by short‐circuiting critical gossypol isolation and purification steps.MethodologyGossypol was first isolated from Cienfuegosia digitata roots, characterised (by 1D and 2D NMR) and quantified (by UV spectrophotometry). Thus, aniline was selected to test the “one‐step” in situ trapping of freshly extracted gossypol leading to a Schiff base analogue. After screening solvents and extraction times on this model reaction, the “SECheM” (simultaneous extraction and chemical modification) concept was successfully extended to other amines, underlining the efficiency and the robustness of the strategy.ResultsAfter having shown that gossypol occurred as a major compound in C. digitata roots, different experimental procedures using Soxhlet extraction in the presence of aniline pointed out the best conditions for the SECheM concept (7 h of reaction and extraction time in ether as solvent). Ultimately, the concept has been generalised to 17 other amines.ConclusionThis is a report of the first semi‐synthesis that allows: (1) “in situ” preparation of more stable gossypol Schiff base derivatives directly from ground plant material and (2) circumvention of gossypol extraction and purification problems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating medication stopping fraction and real‐time prevalence of drug use in pharmaco‐epidemiologic databases. An application of the reverse waiting time distribution
Authors: Støvring Henrik , Pottegård Anton , Hallas Jesper 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo introduce the reverse waiting time distribution (WTD) and show how it can be used to estimate stopping fractions and real‐time prevalence of treatment in pharmacoepidemiological studies.MethodsThe reverse WTD is the distribution of time from the last dispensed prescription of each patient within a time window to the end of it. It is a mirrored version of the ordinary WTD, which considers the first dispensed prescription of patients within a time window. Based on renewal process theory, the reverse WTD can be analyzed as an ordinary WTD with maximum likelihood estimation. Based on Danish prescription data for NSAIDs, warfarin, bendroflumethiazide and levothyroxine in the years 2013 and 2014, we compared estimates from the reverse WTD to those of the ordinary WTD regarding prevalence, stopping fractions and the 80th percentiles of the inter‐arrival distributions.ResultsThe fraction of all users in 2013 stopping treatment varied from 73.1% (NSAID) to 9.3% (levothyroxine). Comparing prevalence estimates of the reverse WTD at the end of 2013 with those of the ordinary WTD at the start of 2014, relative differences did not exceed 4.8%. For the estimated 80th percentiles of the inter‐arrival distribution, differences did not exceed 3.3%.ConclusionsThe reverse WTD allows estimation of the aggregated fraction of users stopping treatment and prevalence, especially when the WTD reliably separates current users from users who have stopped treatment. It may replace ad‐hoc decision rules for automated implementations, and it yields estimates of real‐time prevalence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular stretching modulates mechanosensing pathways
Authors: Hu Xian , Margadant Felix Martin , Yao Mingxi , Sheetz Michael Patrick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor individual cells in tissues to create the diverse forms of biological organisms, it is necessary that they must reliably sense and generate the correct forces over the correct distances and directions. There is considerable evidence that the mechanical aspects of the cellular microenvironment provide critical physical parameters to be sensed. How proteins sense forces and cellular geometry to create the correct morphology is not understood in detail but protein unfolding appears to be a major component in force and displacement sensing. Thus, the crystallographic structure of a protein domain provides only a starting point to then analyze what will be the effects of physiological forces through domain unfolding or catch‐bond formation. In this review, we will discuss the recent studies of cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins that describe protein domain dynamics. Forces applied to proteins can activate or inhibit enzymes, increase or decrease protein‐protein interactions, activate or inhibit protein substrates, induce catch bonds and regulate interactions with membranes or nucleic acids. Further, the dynamics of stretch‐relaxation can average forces or movements to reliably regulate morphogenic movements. In the few cases where single molecule mechanics are studied under physiological conditions such as titin and talin, there are rapid cycles of stretch‐relaxation that produce mechanosensing signals. Fortunately, the development of new single molecule and super‐resolution imaging methods enable the analysis of single molecule mechanics in physiologically relevant conditions. Thus, we feel that stereotypical changes in cell and tissue shape involve mechanosensing that can be analyzed at the nanometer level to determine the molecular mechanisms involved.
Controllability emerging from conditional path reachability in complex networks
Authors: Bai Ya‐Nan , Wang Lei , Chen Michael Z. Q. , Huang Ning 
Published: May 2017

SummaryControllability of complex networks is a fundamental requirement to orientate the networks toward a sustainable way of development. Determination of link weights and calculation of eigenvalues of large‐scale matrices are two inevitable problems in applying the exact controllability framework in complex networks. Here, we introduce a novel controllability analysis approach based on the controllability index and the reachability matrix to identify the minimum set of driver nodes, in order to achieve complete regulation of arbitrary networks with general configurations. An effective algorithm is theoretically developed via using only the 0–1 binary structure of the network. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that our proposed algorithm possesses structural adaptability and control robustness under the weighted perturbation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development, Characterization and Application of a Carbon‐Based Nanomaterial Composite as an Electrochemical Sensor for Monitoring Natural Antioxidant (Gallic Acid) in Beverages
Authors: Gopal Palla , Reddy Tukiakula Madhusudana , Palakollu Venkata Narayana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGallic acid (GA) is an important organic acid, found in many natural plants and in food beverages. Here in, we have developed a chemical sensor for the monitoring of GA in wine, green tea and fruit juices. The oxidation of GA was found to be an irreversible process and the corresponding mechanism was proposed. The effect of pH on the oxidation behavior was studied and pH‐6.0 was selected as an optimum pH. Based on the scan rate results a linear relation was observed between the square root of scan rate and peak currents for GA, confirming the oxidation of GA as a diffusion controlled process. The kinetic parameters such as diffusion coefficient, heterogeneous rate constant and charge transfer coefficient values were determined. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values were calculated as 4.39 × 10‐7 M and 1.46 × 10‐6 M. The repeatability, reproducibility and stability of the developed sensor were examined and the results confirmed that the developed sensor was in superior in condition. Finally, the practical application of the developed sensor was scrutinized for the quantitative estimation of GA in wine, green tea and fruit juices.
High Performance, Low Cost Electromechanical Systems Based on Electrostatically Actuated TiS2 Belts
Authors: Hosseini‐Shokouh Seyed Hossein , Fardindoost Somayeh , Iraji zad Azam 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTiS2, as a family member of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs), shows a unique property of semi‐metallic to semiconductor transition when going from bulk to few layered structure. In this paper, an electromechanical resonator based on TiS2 ribbons with semi‐metallic characteristic is presented. Electrical readout of the mechanical vibratory response of TiS2 ribbons is measured by employing electrostatic actuation. A typical resonator includes a number of overlapped ribbons with approximate width and thickness of 600 nm and 250 nm respectively along with a suspended length of 5 μm. A typical resonator shows a resonance frequency of around 153 MHz with a quality factor (Q) of about 1000 in air at ambient conditions. Also, the resonance frequency of the introduced resonator increases as the bias potential is increased due to the electrostatic spring‐stiffening effect. Moreover, finite element simulation shows that the reported frequency of resonance and extracted electrical parameters are relevant.
An Electrochemical and Computational Analysis of Electronic Communication in a “Molecular Spider”
Authors: Mohammad M. , Rauf A. , Rauf S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA reversible “3S” ‐ sharing, spreading and storing ‐ information strategy has been proposed which explains electronic communication at molecular level. Cyclic voltammetric and computational response reveal that disaccharide sucrose molecule coupled with tetrachlorobenzoquinone dianion (TCBQ2−) forms weak donor ‐ acceptor hydrogen bonded complex. DFT studies feature this redox couple to a unique geometry – a spider like molecule. This molecular spider switches, ON/OFF via redox response by 3S strategy. Electronegative atoms (such as “oxygen”) are supposed to be more prone to electronic communication process. The extent as well as rate of molecular communication could be estimated by stability constant (Ka) and rate constant (km). The values of Ka and km were found to be 7.5×104 M−m and 1.33(±1.0)×108 M−m. s−1 (1.2(±1.0) ×106 M−m. s−1) respectively.
Propylene Carbonate Based‐Organic Electrolytes for Cellulose Dissolution Processing and Derivatization
Authors: Yuan Xia , Yuan Chaoping , Shi Wentao , Chen Peng , Chen Huaxin , Xie Haibo , Xu Qinqin , Guo Yuanlong , Zheng Qiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe design of green and facile dissolution technologies to allow homogeneous processing and derivatization of cellulose towards a controllable facile preparation of cellulosic materials is prime important. Herein, in combination with [Emim]OAc ionic liquids, propylene carbonate (PC) is reported to dissolve up to 10wt% of cellulose at 80 oC in 20 mins when XILs in the designed “organic electrolyte solutions (OESs)” is larger than 0.3. Rheological study of the obtained cellulose solution was performed and then the polarity of the PC, [Emim]OAc and the OESs was assessed from the solvatochromic behaviour of Reichardt's dye. The results show that the addition of [Emim]OAc ionic liquids into PC can considerably increase the polarity of PC, as evidenced by the fact that ET(30) values increases from 47.501 to 50.132 when XILs is 0.4. Finally, the potential of the obtained cellulose solution in OESs for cellulose homogeneous processing into films and derivatization was primary demonstrated by the successful preparation of transparent cellulosic films and effective transesterification of cellulose with vinyl pivalate and benzoate. In a word, the study provides a new green solvent system and insights the future design of new solvents for cellulose homogeneous processing and derivatization.
Copper‐Promoted One‐Pot Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic Amines with Togni′s Reagent
Authors: Hong Jianquan , Huo Lianguang , Yang Yupeng , Wang Guifu , Zheng Changge 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn efficient trifluoromethylation of aromatic amines with Togni′s reagent has been achieved in the presence of copper (I) under mild reaction conditions. This trifluoromethylation method possesses good substrate scope and functional group compatibility. It provides an alternative and attractive approach to access a variety of trifluoromethylated arenes.
Proposal of a diagnostic algorithm for intraductal ultrasonography to distinguish between benign and malignant biliary strictures
Authors: Wang Yao‐Sheng , Chuang Chiao‐Hsiung , Wu Jhong‐Han , Chen Chiung‐Yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo reexamine the recognizability of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) findings from an imaging database and propose a novel algorithm for clinical application. IDUS images of 102 patients who had undergone IDUS examinations for indeterminate causes of common bile duct dilation were independently reviewed by two endoscopists. The strength of the inter‐rater agreement between the endoscopists was analyzed using Cohen's kappa (κ). An algorithm was implemented by arranging the IDUS characteristics according to their recognizability. The proposed algorithm was evaluated by examining the inter‐rater agreement and diagnostic accuracy before and after the use of the algorithm. The strength of the inter‐rater agreement was good for common bile duct stones with or without acoustic shadowing; intraluminal tumors; or bile duct wall thicknesses of more than or equal to 9 mm (κ > 0.8); followed by intraluminal hypoechoic nodules without common bile duct stone characteristics (κ = 0.771); and finally eccentric wall thickening, outer layer disruption, irregular mucosa, and destructed mural layers (κ: 0.595–0.419). Our algorithm improved the strength of inter‐rater agreement with a diagnostic accuracy of 81.4%. We proposed an algorithm according to the recognizability of IDUS characteristics, and it can be used by endoscopists to evaluate such characteristics and determine the cause of biliary obstruction.
Tiltrotor CFD Part I - validation
Authors: Jimenez-Garcia A. , Barakos G.N. , Gates S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents performance analyses of the model-scale ERICA and TILTAERO tiltrotors and of the full-scale XV-15 rotor with high-fidelity computational fluids dynamics. For the ERICA tiltrotor, the overall effect of the blades on the fuselage was well captured, as demonstrated by analysing surface pressure measurements. However, there was no available experimental data for the blade aerodynamic loads. A comparison of computed rotor loads with experiments was instead possible for the XV-15 rotor, where CFD results predicted the FoM within 1.05%. The method was also able to capture the differences in performance between hover and propeller modes. Good agreement was also found for the TILTAERO loads. The overall agreement with the experimental data and theory for the considered cases demonstrates the capability of the present CFD method to accurately predict tiltrotor flows. In a second part of this work, the validated method is used for blade shape optimisation.
The attitudes of family physicians toward a child with delayed growth and development
Authors: Aker Servet , Şahin Mustafa Kürşat , Kınalı Ömer , Şimşek Karadağ Elif , Korkmaz Tuğba 
Published: May 2017

Aim
The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude of family physicians toward a child with delayed growth and development.

Background
Primary healthcare professionals play a key role in monitoring growth and development, the best indicator of the child’s health status. If delayed growth and development can be detected early, then it is usually possible to restore functioning.

Methods
This descriptive study was performed in Samsun, Turkey, in May and June 2015. In total, 325 family physicians were included. The study consisted of two parts. In the first session of the research, the story of an 18-month-old child with delayed growth and development was presented using visual materials. An interview between the child’s mother and a member of primary healthcare staff was then enacted by two of the authors using role-playing. Subsequently, participants were given the opportunity to ask the mother and member of primary healthcare staff questions about the case. During the sessions, two observers observed the participants, took notes and compared these after the presentation. In the second part of the study, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of three open-ended questions.

Findings
When asking questions of the mother, family physicians generally used accusatory and judgmental language. One of the questions most commonly put to the mother was ‘Do you think you are a good mother?’ Family physicians were keen to provide instruction for the patient and relatives. Family physicians to a large extent thought that the problem of a child with delayed growth and development can be resolved through education.

Conclusions
Family physicians’ manner of establishing relations with the patient and relatives is inappropriate. We therefore think that they should receive on-going in-service training on the subject.
Field induced spontaneous quasiparticle decay and renormalization of quasiparticle dispersion in a quantum antiferromagnet
Authors: Hong Tao , Qiu Y. , Matsumoto M. , Tennant D. A. , Coester K. , Schmidt K. P. , Awwadi F. F. , Turnbull M. M. , Agrawal H. , Chernyshev A. L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe notion of a quasiparticle, such as a phonon, a roton or a magnon, is used in modern condensed matter physics to describe an elementary collective excitation. The intrinsic zero-temperature magnon damping in quantum spin systems can be driven by the interaction of the one-magnon states and multi-magnon continuum. However, detailed experimental studies on this quantum many-body effect induced by an applied magnetic field are rare. Here we present a high-resolution neutron scattering study in high fields on an S=1/2 antiferromagnet C9H18N2CuBr4. Compared with the non-interacting linear spin–wave theory, our results demonstrate a variety of phenomena including field-induced renormalization of one-magnon dispersion, spontaneous magnon decay observed via intrinsic linewidth broadening, unusual non-Lorentzian two-peak structure in the excitation spectra and a dramatic shift of spectral weight from one-magnon state to the two-magnon continuum.
A dynamic eco-evolutionary model predicts slow response of alpine plants to climate warming
Authors: Cotto Olivier , Wessely Johannes , Georges Damien , Klonner Günther , Schmid Max , Dullinger Stefan , Thuiller Wilfried , Guillaume Frédéric 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWithstanding extinction while facing rapid climate change depends on a species’ ability to track its ecological niche or to evolve a new one. Current methods that predict climate-driven species’ range shifts use ecological modelling without eco-evolutionary dynamics. Here we present an eco-evolutionary forecasting framework that combines niche modelling with individual-based demographic and genetic simulations. Applying our approach to four endemic perennial plant species of the Austrian Alps, we show that accounting for eco-evolutionary dynamics when predicting species’ responses to climate change is crucial. Perennial species persist in unsuitable habitats longer than predicted by niche modelling, causing delayed range losses; however, their evolutionary responses are constrained because long-lived adults produce increasingly maladapted offspring. Decreasing population size due to maladaptation occurs faster than the contraction of the species range, especially for the most abundant species. Monitoring of species’ local abundance rather than their range may likely better inform on species’ extinction risks under climate change.