bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Recharge Assessment in the Karstic Aquifers of North Khorasan, Iran in APLIS Method
Authors: Alem Hossein , Soudejan Akbar Esmaeilzadeh , Farmanieh Saba Nahas 
Published: January 2018

In order to optimize consumption, maintenance and control of underground water, an estimation of the groundwater recharge is highly important. Therefore, this research investigates the aquifers in North Khorasan province using APLIS (Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station) based on a GIS. For this purpose, several significant hydrogeological parameters affecting groundwater recharge including altitude, slope, lithology, soil type and infiltration are considered. Therefore, corresponding layers for these parameters were provided and prioritized. In the end and after integrating the data, the recharge rate was measured qualitatively and different regions were mapped accordingly. The results indicate that the annual average values on a 30-year timescale in karst formations of the North Khorasan vary between 103 mm and 362 mm, with the mean value of 192 mm. Minimum, maximum and mean recharge rates of aquifer in the study area are 42 %, 73 % and 54 %, respectively. Also, aquifer recharge potential in 83 % of the karst formations is moderate while it is high for the remaining. Low recharge regions correlate to lower karst limestone and dolostone areas in the lower altitudes while high recharge regions represent upper karst limestone and dolostone areas, especially in the high altitudes.Key words: Groundwater resource management, Recharge, APLIS, GIS, karst, North Khorasan. Ocenjevanje napajanja podzemne vode v kraških vodonosnikih v severnem Horasanu, v Iranu, z uporabo metode APLIS Za optimizacijo porabe, vzdrževanja in nadzora nivoja podzemne vode je ocena napajanja vodonosnika zelo pomembna. Zato raziskava z uporabo metode APLIS, ki temelji na GIS, raziskuje vodonosnike v provinci Severni Horasan v Iranu. Pri tem smo upoštevali več pomembnih hidrogeoloških parametrov, ki vplivajo na napajanje vodonosnika, vključno z nadmorsko višino, naklonom, litologijo, tipom tal in infiltracijo. Za vsakega od parametrov smo pripravili informacije v ustreznih oblikah. Po obdelavi in integraciji podatkov smo izračunali hitrost polnjenja vodonosnika. Različne regije smo ustrezno ovrednotili. Rezultati kažejo, da se v kraških formacijah Severnega Horasana letne povprečne vrednosti v 30-letnem časovnem obdobju gibljejo med 103 mm in 362 mm, s povprečno vrednostjo 192 mm. Najmanjše, najvišje in povprečne stopnje polnjenja vodonosnika v študijskem območju so 42-, 73- in 54-odstotne. Tudi potencial polnjenja vodonosnika je v 83-odstotnih kraških formacij ocenjen kot zmeren, za preostale predele je ocenjen kot visok. Območja z nizkim potencialom polnjenja so povezana z nižje ležečimi zakraselimi apnenci in dolomiti, višje ležeča območja predstavljajo apnenci in dolomiti z višjim potencialom polnjenja. Ključne besede: upravljanje podzemnih vodnih virov, napajanje, APLIS, GIS, kras, Severni Horasan.
First Record of the Large-Scale Loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus (Cobitidae) in the United States
Authors: Kirsch Joseph E. , Feeney Richard F. , Goodbla Alisha , Hart Christopher , Jackson Zachary J. , Schreier Andrea , Smith Ronald 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Exotic species have been implicated as a major threat to native freshwater fish communities in the Unites States. The San Francisco Estuary watershed has been recognized as one of the most invaded systems where exotics often dominate the fish community. On October 6, 2014, members of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service detected a previously unknown exotic fish in a disconnected pool immediately upstream from the Chowchilla Bifurcation Structure in the San Joaquin River, a major tributary of the San Francisco Estuary. A member of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initially identified the fish as an Oriental Weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus using external morphological characteristics. We conducted additional fish sampling near the Chowchilla Bifurcation Structure in November 2014 and collected a total of six additional specimens in disconnected pool habitats. Unexpectedly, genetic and meristic techniques revealed that these specimens were Large-Scale Loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. To our knowledge this is the first confirmed occurrence of Large-Scale Loach in the United States and the suspected pathway of introduction is release from aquaria. Very little is known about the population in the San Joaquin River. We recommend further evaluation of the ecology, distribution, and abundance of Large-Scale Loach to better understand their potential impact on the fish communities of the San Joaquin River and the likelihood of establishment throughout the United States.
Nonbreeding Duck Use at Central Flyway National Wildlife Refuges
Authors: Andersson Kent , Davis Craig A. , Harris Grant , Haukos David A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWithin the U.S. portion of the Central Flyway, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages waterfowl on numerous individual units (i.e., Refuges) within the National Wildlife Refuge System. Presently, the extent of waterfowl use that Refuges receive and the contribution of Refuges to waterfowl populations (i.e., the proportion of the Central Flyway population registered at each Refuge) remain unassessed. Such an evaluation would help determine to what extent Refuges support waterfowl relative to stated targets, aid in identifying species requiring management attention, inform management targets, and improve fiscal efficiencies. Using historic monitoring data (1954–2008), we performed this assessment for 23 Refuges in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska during migration and wintering months (October–March). We examined six dabbling ducks and two diving ducks, plus all dabbling ducks and all diving ducks across two periods (long-term [all data] and short-term [last 10 October–March periods]). Individual Refuge use was represented by the sum of monthly duck count averages for October–March. We used two indices of Refuge contribution: peak contribution and January contribution. Peak contribution was the highest monthly count average for each October–March period divided by the indexed population total for the Central Flyway in the corresponding year; January contribution used the January count average divided by the corresponding population index. Generally, Refuges in Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico recorded most use and contribution for mallards Anas platyrhynchos. Refuges along the Texas Gulf Coast recorded most use and contribution for other dabbling ducks, with Laguna Atascosa and Aransas (including Matagorda Island) recording most use for diving ducks. The long-term total January contribution of the assessed Refuges to ducks wintering in the Central Flyway was greatest for green-winged teal Anas crecca with 35%; 12–15% for American wigeon Mareca americana, gadwall Mareca strepera, and northern pintail Anas acuta; and 7–8% for mallard and mottled duck Anas fulvigula. Results indicated that the reliance on the National Wildlife Refuge System decreased for these ducks, with evidence suggesting that, for several species, the assessed Refuges may be operating at carrying capacity. Future analyses could be more detailed and informative were Refuges to implement a single consistent survey methodology that incorporated estimations of detection bias in the survey process, while concomitantly recording habitat metrics on and neighboring each Refuge.
Multiple Levels of Control Determine How E4bp4/Nfil3 Regulates NK Cell Development
Authors: Kostrzewski Tomasz , Borg Aaron J. , Meng Yiran , Filipovic Iva , Male Victoria , Wack Andreas , DiMaggio Peter A. , Brady Hugh J. M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The transcription factor E4bp4/Nfil3 has been shown to have a critical role in the development of all innate lymphoid cell types including NK cells. In this study, we show that posttranslational modifications of E4bp4 by either SUMOylation or phosphorylation have profound effects on both E4bp4 function and NK cell development. We examined the activity of E4bp4 mutants lacking posttranslational modifications and found that Notch1 was a novel E4bp4 target gene. We observed that abrogation of Notch signaling impeded NK cell production and the total lack of NK cell development from E4bp4−/− progenitors was completely rescued by short exposure to Notch peptide ligands. This work reveals both novel mechanisms in NK cell development by a transcriptional network including E4bp4 with Notch, and that E4bp4 is a central hub to process extrinsic stimuli.
Metabolic Barriers to T Cell Function in Tumors
Authors: Sugiura Ayaka , Rathmell Jeffrey C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The metabolic programs that drive T cell functions are exquisitely sensitive to cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors, allowing T cells to respond in a fine-tuned manner to a variety of immune challenges and conditions. However, many of the factors essential for effector T cell function are perturbed in the tumor microenvironment, where oncogenic mutations drive unrestrained cancer cell growth that leads to excess nutrient consumption, excess waste excretion, and insufficient oxygen delivery. This imposes metabolic constraints on infiltrating cells that result in dysfunction and loss of potential antitumor activity in both naturally occurring as well as tailored T cells introduced as part of immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight the metabolic properties that characterize tumor-infiltrating T cells, the barriers within the metabolic landscape of the tumor microenvironment, and the opportunities and challenges they present in development of new cancer therapeutics.
Inhibitors of the PD-1 Pathway in Tumor Therapy
Authors: LaFleur Martin W. , Muroyama Yuki , Drake Charles G. , Sharpe Arlene H. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway delivers inhibitory signals that function as a brake for immune responses. This pathway limits the initiation and duration of immune responses, thereby protecting tissues from immune-mediated damage and autoimmune diseases. However, the PD-1 pathway also inhibits immune responses to tumors. The critical role of PD-1 in preventing antitumor immunity is demonstrated by the transformative effects of PD-1 pathway blockade in a broad range of cancers with the hallmark of durability of response. Despite this success, most patients do not respond to PD-1 monotherapy, and some patients experience adverse events. In this review, we discuss the functions of the PD-1 pathway and its translation to cancer immunotherapy. We also consider current challenges and opportunities for PD-1 cancer immunotherapy, including mechanisms of response and resistance, identification of biomarkers of response to PD-1 therapy, characterization and treatment of PD-1 therapy–related adverse events, and development of safe and effective combination therapies.
ISG15-Induced IL-10 Is a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Myeloid Axis Disrupted during Active Tuberculosis
Authors: dos Santos Paula Fernandes , Van Weyenbergh Johan , Delgobo Murilo , Oliveira Patricio Daniel de , Ferguson Brian J. , Guabiraba Rodrigo , Dierckx Tim , Menezes Soraya Maria , Báfica André , Mansur Daniel Santos 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) deficiency in humans leads to severe IFNopathies and mycobacterial disease, the latter being previously attributed to its extracellular cytokine-like activity. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for secreted ISG15 as an IL-10 inducer, unique to primary human monocytes. A balanced ISG15-induced monocyte/IL-10 versus lymphoid/IFN-γ expression, correlating with p38 MAPK and PI3K signaling, was found using targeted in vitro and ex vivo systems analysis of human transcriptomic datasets. The specificity and MAPK/PI3K-dependence of ISG15-induced monocyte IL-10 production was confirmed in vitro using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and pharmacological inhibitors. Moreover, this ISG15/IL-10 axis was amplified in leprosy but disrupted in human active tuberculosis (TB) patients. Importantly, ISG15 strongly correlated with inflammation and disease severity during active TB, suggesting its potential use as a biomarker, awaiting clinical validation. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel anti-inflammatory ISG15/IL-10 myeloid axis that is disrupted in active TB.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Challenges to Bench-to-Bedside Efficacy
Authors: Srivastava Shivani , Riddell Stanley R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) that target tumor-associated molecules have impressive efficacy in hematological malignancies. The field has now embraced the challenge of applying this approach to treat common epithelial malignancies, which make up the majority of cancer cases but evade immunologic attack by a variety of subversive mechanisms. In this study, we review the principles that have guided CAR T cell design and the extraordinary clinical results being achieved in B cell malignancies targeting CD19 with a single infusion of engineered T cells. This success has raised expectations that CAR T cells can be applied to solid tumors, but numerous obstacles must be overcome to achieve the success observed in hematologic cancers. Potential solutions driven by advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, T cell biology, and improved tumor models that recapitulate the obstacles in human tumors are discussed.
A Believer’s Overview of Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunotherapy
Authors: Finn Olivera J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The field of tumor immunology has grown around the idea that one of the important roles of the immune system is to eliminate cancer. This idea was difficult to reconcile with the accepted notion that the immune system evolved to distinguish self from nonself and therefore tumors derived from self-tissues would not be recognized. Lack of appropriate animal models prevented experimental testing of cancer immunosurveillance. This changed with the realization that the immune system evolved to recognize danger and with the advent of mouse models deficient in one or more immune function, which showed predicted increases in susceptibility to cancer. Simultaneously, technical advances that enabled the study of the human immune system provided data for the existence of tumor-specific T cells and Abs and led to molecular identification of tumor Ags, fully validating the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis. Immunotherapy designed to strengthen cancer immunosurveillance has achieved unprecedented clinical successes.
What moves the Beveridge curve and the Phillips curve: an agent-based analysis
Authors: Chen Siyan , Desiderio Saul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnderstanding what moves the Phillips curve is important to monetary policy. Because the Phillips curve has experienced over time movements similar to those characterizing the Beveridge curve, the authors jointly analyze the two phenomena. They do that through an agent-based macro model based on adaptive micro-foundations, which works fairly well in replicating a number of stylized facts, including the Beveridge curve, the Phillips curve and the Okun curve. By Monte Carlo experiments they explore the mechanisms behind the movements of the Beveridge curve and the Phillips curve. They discovered that shifts of the Beveridge curve are best explained by the intensity of worker reallocation. Reallocation also shifts the Phillips curve in the same direction, suggesting that it may be the reason behind the similarity of the patterns historically recorded for these two curves. This finding may shed new light on what moves the Phillips curve and might have direct implications for the conduction of monetary policy.
Electrodynamic balance–mass spectrometry of single particles as a new platform for atmospheric chemistry research
Authors: Birdsall Adam W. , Krieger Ulrich K. , Keutsch Frank N. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. New analytical techniques are needed to improve our understanding of the intertwined physical and chemical processes that
affect the composition of aerosol particles in the Earth's atmosphere, such as gas–particle partitioning and homogenous
or heterogeneous chemistry, and their ultimate relation to air quality and climate. We describe a new laboratory setup
that couples an electrodynamic balance (EDB) to a mass spectrometer (MS). The EDB stores a single laboratory-generated
particle in an electric field under atmospheric conditions for an arbitrarily long length of time. The particle is then
transferred via gas flow to an ionization region that vaporizes and ionizes the analyte molecules before MS
measurement. We demonstrate the feasibility of the technique by tracking evaporation of polyethylene glycol molecules and
finding agreement with a kinetic model. Fitting data to the kinetic model also allows determination of vapor pressures to
within a factor of 2. This EDB–MS system can be used to study fundamental chemical and physical processes involving
particles that are difficult to isolate and study with other techniques. The results of such measurements can be used to
improve our understanding of atmospheric particles.
Detection of collapsed buildings from lidar data due to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan
Authors: Moya Luis , Yamazaki Fumio , Liu Wen , Yamada Masumi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence was triggered by an Mw 6.2 event at 21:26 on 14 April. Approximately 28 h later, at 01:25 on 16 April, an Mw 7.0 event (the mainshock) followed. The epicenters of both events were located near the residential area of Mashiki and affected the region nearby. Due to very strong seismic ground motion, the earthquake produced extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure. In this paper, collapsed buildings were detected using a pair of digital surface models (DSMs), taken before and after the 16 April mainshock by airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) flights. Different methods were evaluated to identify collapsed buildings from the DSMs. The change in average elevation within a building footprint was found to be the most important factor. Finally, the distribution of collapsed buildings in the study area was presented, and the result was consistent with that of a building damage survey performed after the earthquake.
Att läsa olika typer av texter – finns det lätta och svåra?
Authors: Wengelin Åsa 
Published: January 2018

Vad vet vi om läsprocessen som kognitiv process? Hur kan vi studera hur läsprocessen går till i olika typer av texter och vad kan det säga oss om texters svårighet i allmänhet och juridiska i synnerhet? I den här presentationen kommer jag visa hur man med hjälp ögonrörelsestudier kan undersöka läsprocessen och diskutera den i relation till svårighetsgraden i olika texter – juridiska såväl som andra.
Assessment of pharmacists' self-reported preparedness to provide pharmacotherapy services to individuals with psychiatric disorders
Authors: German Alexander , Johnson Laura , Ybarra Georgina , Warholak Terri 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to compare pharmacists' level of training and/or experience in psychiatric pharmacy to (1) their self-perceived preparedness to provide pharmacotherapy services to individuals with psychiatric disorders and (2) barriers to providing pharmacotherapy services to individuals with psychiatric disorders.

Methods:
This study used data from an Internet-based questionnaire. Respondents were divided into 2 groups: group A completed the Arizona Pharmacy Association's Psychiatric Certificate Program, and/or was board certified in psychiatric pharmacy, and/or was a member of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists, and/or had completed a psychiatric pharmacy residency; group B had no specialized training and/or experience in psychiatric pharmacy. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the scaled responses for each group.

Results:
Compared with pharmacists without training and/or experience in psychiatry (N = 235), respondents with specialized training and/or experience in psychiatric pharmacy (N = 38) reported more frequent interactions with patients with psychiatric disorders and provided more counseling and drug information, monitoring for adverse drug reactions, screening for treatment issues, and both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment recommendations (P &lt; .05). Pharmacists trained in psychiatry reported being more prepared to provide all pharmacotherapy services (P &lt; .003), except in addressing nonadherence, utilizing online resources, and providing pharmacotherapy services to patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. They reported fewer barriers to providing pharmacotherapy services (P &lt; .005), except for time to provide services, having a private consultation area, and reimbursement for patient care activities.

Discussion:
This study found that responding pharmacists without psychiatric training/experience may need additional education and training after graduation and that they perceive more barriers in providing services to the population with psychiatric disorders.
Red, Green, and Blue Reflections Enabled in an Electrically Tunable Helical Superstructure
Authors: Hsiao Yu‐Cheng , Yang Zong‐Han , Shen Dong , Lee Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMaterials with tunable optical properties in the visible spectrum are intriguingly important in science and technology. Such desired tunability can be conveniently accomplished by controlling optical materials with electric field. Now an organic film of self‐organized helical superstructure producing electrically tunable reflection of visible light is introduced in this work. The composite is a dual‐frequency thermosensitive cholesteric (DFTC) material consisting of a liquid crystal host doped with a binary chiral‐dopant mixture including a thermosensitive chiral switch. The red, green, and blue reflections in the DFTC film can be obtained by varying the frequencies of a 45 Vrmsapplied voltage to induce dielectric heating. The resulting variation in temperature and, in turn, in helical pitch length, enables various wavelengths of reflection to render full‐color display in a single film without the need of film stacking. As far as it is known, this is the first work to demonstrate broad electrical tuning of cholesteric reflection in red, green, and blue.