bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of linear and nonlinear PID controllers for speed control of an electric vehicle
Authors: Oleiwi Bashra Kadhim , Mohamed Mohamed Jasim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) as a sustainable safety system are being increasingly used and receiving attention from researchers for several reasons including optimal performance, affordability for consumers, and environmental safety. EV speed control is a crucial issue that requires reliable and intelligent controllers for maintaining this matter. The primary goal of this research is to design the linear and nonlinear Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controllers to control EV speed based on the minimum value of ITAE plus ISU (integral square of control signal) as well as satisfy the constrain on response overshoot. All the proposed PID controllers, conventional PID controller, arc tan PID controller, and nonlinear PID controller (NL-PID) are used in cascade with EV model. In all these PID controllers, a filter is used with the derivative term to avoid the effect of the noise. The tuning of the proposed controller gains is achieved using Aquila Optimization algorithm. The controllers’ parameter tuning is primarily determined by reducing the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) and integral square control signal. Numerical simulation, system modelling, and controller design are done using MATLAB. By comparing the results, the proposed controllers’ efficacy is demonstrated. The proposed NL-PID controller provides promising EV speed regulation control and robustness to external disturbances. Where, the performance specifications of the proposed NL-PID controller when using unit step input with step disturbance of 0.2 and −0.2, and the model parameters increased by 25% from its nominal value are the rise time is 2.608, settling time is 2.608, overshoot is 0.073%, the maximum control signal is 6.230, number of slope sign change in the control signal is 231, and ITAE is 17.6064. The comparative results show the NL-PID controller’s superior performance for tracking the reference signal with the lowest peak for the control signal, rejection of disturbances, ability to overcome model uncertainties, and lowest ITAE value.
The controller-first constraint beyond the Basic Variety: how do instructed learner varieties solve contexts of competition?
Authors: Repiso Isabel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Basic Variety has been described as a fully fledged system that is developed in second-language acquisition. It is guided by a small number of interacting phrasal, semantic, and pragmatic constraints. This article is devoted to the semantic controller-first constraint, which says that “the NP-referent with highest control comes first” in discourse contexts where this constraint comes into conflict. The Basic Variety, as described by Klein and Perdue, relates to migrant learners that were exposed to target languages in naturalistic contexts and situations outside the classroom. Our study also deals with learners living in the target language’s country at the time of the data collection, but our learners were benefiting from foreign language teaching at university. The goal of this study is twofold. The first part of the article discusses the origins of the key notion of ‘controller’ and introduces related theoretical underpinnings, such as argument hierarchies of transitive verbs and crucial factors determining argument realization. Our analysis shows that the controller-first constraint overlaps with two key concepts of the description of L1 functional grammars – i.e., control asymmetry and the Actor-Undergoer Hierarchy – suggesting that it does not only pertain to the Basic Variety but broadly speaking to the human language capacity. The second part of this study presents some preliminary results on the L2 grammars of Spanish-speaking learners of French in a context of ‘competition’. Our results show the pervasiveness of the controller-first constraint on L2 grammars beyond initial, non-instructed learner varieties, suggesting that this semantic principle is not totally independent of (a) the specifics of the source language and (b) the target constructions of the foreign language classroom.
Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
Authors: Long Xueyuan , Yang Yanpeng , Zhou Ke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Sepsis triggers myocardial injury and dysfunction, leading to a high mortality rate in patients. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays a positive regulatory role in septic myocardial injury and dysfunction. However, the mechanism is unclear.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes in septic mice heart and validate key genes and pathways. The correlation of protein–protein and protein–pathway was analyzed. Sequentially, the cecal ligament and puncture (CLP) was used to induce septic mice, followed by Serpine1 inhibitor treatment. Finally, the regulatory relationship of Yes-associated protein1 (YAP1), Serpine1, and caspase-3 was verified in LPS-exposed mouse cardiomyocytes.

Results
Bioinformatic analysis found that Serpine1 expression is decreased in septic mice heart tissue and closely related to the HIPPO signaling pathway, while YAP1 is negatively correlated with apoptosis. In vivo, CLP induced a reduction of survival rate, cardiac dysfunction, and an increase in Serpine1 and Cleaved Caspase-3 expression, which could be reversed by a Serpine1 inhibitor. In vitro, LPS induced the mouse cardiomyocytes apoptosis, which could be reversed by Serpine1 inhibitor. Silencing YAP1 and Serpine1 reversed the LPS-induced increase in Serpine1 and Cleaved Caspase-3 expression, but silencing Serpine1 did not affect the LPS-induced YAP1 expression.

Conclusion
Sepsis induced mouse cardiomyocytes apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway.
An environmentally greener and reusability approach for bioenergy production using Mallotus philippensis (Kamala) seed oil feedstock via phytonanotechnology
Authors: Chaudhry Bisha , Sultana Shazia , Zhang Zhiyong , Ahmad Mushtaq , Munir Mamoona , Osman Sameh M. , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Bokhari Awais , Cho Chungyeon , Choi Dongwhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Mallotus philippensis, a novel and mostly unexplored feedstock with a significantly greater oil content of 50%, serves as the foundation of a prospective and sustainable supply for biodiesel synthesis. The most notable aspect of this research is the development and application of a bio-based green nanocatalyst with ingenuity and environmental safety via a method employing an autoclave reactor from raw conventional materials such as rotten fungus fruits infused with a nano-WO3 catalyst. The obtained catalyst was then subjected to several analyses, including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This research focused on the potential of this unique feedstock within the limits of an industrial setting. The synthesized nanocatalyst showed promising long-term performance and great catalytic efficiency. The biodiesel production reached its peak under optimal conditions, which included a methanol-to-oil ratio of 11:1, a reaction period of 120 min at 110°C, and a catalyst concentration of 0.15% by weight. Under precisely optimized conditions, this investigation rigorously examined the effectiveness, environmental stability, reusability, and economic feasibility of this green catalyst. The findings of this study demonstrate the stability and consistency of nanocatalyst performance, particularly throughout reusability cycles.
A 24-Week Combined Resistance and Balance Training Program Improves Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jiang Guiping , Tan Xiaohuan , Zou Jiling , Wu Xueping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Jiang, G, Tan, X, Zou, J, and Wu, X. A 24-week combined resistance and balance training program improves physical function in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This randomized controlled trial assessed the feasibility of older adults performing combined resistance and balance training (RBT) and compared the effects of RBT on physical function with those of resistance training (RT) alone and with no exercise training in older adults. In total, 65 community-dwelling adults aged 60–74 years were randomly assigned to an RT (n = 22), RBT (n = 22), or control (n = 21) group. The exercise intervention consisted of RT or RBT for 45 minutes, 3 times per week for 24 weeks. The control group engaged in no exercise training. The compliance rates were 93% in the RT group and 92% in the RBT group. No training-related adverse effect was observed. In the RT and RBT groups, dynamic balance (p = 0.017; p < 0.001, respectively), maximum walking speed (p = 0.014; p < 0.001), upper extremity (p = 0.013; p = 0.009) and lower extremity (p = 0.009; p < 0.001) muscle strength, and spirometry (p = 0.043; p = 0.018) were significantly improved at 24 weeks compared with the control group. Only the RBT group showed significant improvement in normal walking speed (p = 0.002). Compared with the RT group, the RBT group showed additional significant improvements in dynamic balance (p = 0.001) and lower limb muscle strength (p = 0.027). The findings of this randomized controlled trial indicated that RBT was safe and feasible for older adults. Long-term RBT had better effects than either no exercise training or RT alone on improving physical function in older adults. Compared with RT, RBT additionally benefited dynamic balance and lower limb muscle function, which are clinically important factors in preventing falls, frailty, disability, and other geriatric syndromes.
APPLICATION OF GREEN CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID COMMERCIAL FORMS OF OIL-DISPLACING COMPOSITIONS
Authors: АЛТУНИНА Л.К. , КУВШИНОВ В.А. , СТАСЬЕВА Л.А. , КУВШИНОВ И.В. 
Published: September 2024

В рамках принципов “зеленой химии” использована концепция глубоких эвтектических растворителей (ГЭР) для создания твердых товарных форм нефтевытесняющих композиций. Показано, что эвтектический состав на фазовой диаграмме бинарной системы “соль аммония - карбамид” соответствует ГЭР в качестве основы твердых товарных форм нефтевытесняющей композиции с наилучшими физико-химическими и технологическими характеристиками. На основе тройной системы ГЭР “соль аммония - карбамид - вода” определены оптимальные концентрации твердых товарных форм в рабочем растворе композиции. Представлены результаты лабораторных исследований и промысловых испытаний рабочего раствора твердых товарных форм нефтевытесняющей композиции.
Within the framework of green chemistry principles, the concept of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was used to develop solid commercial forms of oil-displacing compositions. It has been shown that the eutectic composition on the phase diagram of the binary system ammonium salt - carbamide corresponds to DES as the basis of solid commercial forms of oil-displacing composition with the best physicochemical and technological characteristics. The optimal concentrations of solid commercial forms in the working solution of the composition were determined for the ternary DES system ammonium salt - carbamide - water. The results of laboratory studies and field tests of the working solution based on the solid commercial forms of the oil-displacing composition are presented.
PALEOECOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF THE CONDITIONS OF PERMAFROST DEVELOPMENT IN THE AREA OF BATAGAY RETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMP
Authors: ЛУПАЧЕВ А.В. , ТИХОНРАВОВА Я.В. , ДАНИЛОВ П.П. , ЗАНИНА О.Г. , ЧЕПРАСОВ М.Ю. , НОВГОРОДОВ Г.П. 
Published: September 2024

Изучены строение и свойства отложений крупнейшей регрессивной термоденудационной котловины Батагай. Стратиграфическая последовательность многолетнемерзлых отложений предположительно непрерывно накоплена за период среднего-позднего неоплейстоцена (~700-11 тыс. лет назад) и частично трансформирована в течение голоцена. На основе палеопочвенных, палеонтологических и геокриологических данных получены новые представления об историческом развитии почвенно-растительного покрова и позднеледниковой фауны Янского плоскогорья. Подтверждены два благоприятных климатических периода формирования почвенно-растительного покрова: первый по различным методам датирования относится к эпохам МИС 15-17 (600-700 тыс. лет) либо к эпохе МИС 7е (230-250 тыс. лет); второй более уверенно датируется эпохой МИС 5е (110-130 тыс. лет).
The morphology and properties of frozen strata were studied in the area of the largest retrogressive thermal thaw slump Batagay (Yakutia). A presumably continuous stratigraphic sequence of permafrost sediments accumulated during the Middle and Late Pleistocene (~700-11 ka) and was partially transformed during the Holocene. Based on paleopedological, paleontological, and geocryological data, new suggestions have been made regarding the historical development of the soil-vegetation cover and late glacial fauna in the Yana Plateau region. Two extensive and relatively warm climatic periods favoring the formation of developed soil-vegetation cover have been identified: the first one belongs to MIS 15-17 (600-700 ka) or (depending on the dating method) to MIS 7e (230-250 ka); the second one is more certainly dates back to MIS 5e (110-130 ka).
POCKMARKS AND METHANE CONTENT IN THE LAKE SEDIMENTS OF YAMAL PENINSULA
Authors: ОБЛОГОВ Г.Е. , ВАСИЛЬЕВ А.А. , ОРЕХОВ П.Т. , САВВИЧЕВ А.С. , СТРЕЛЕЦКАЯ И.Д. 
Published: September 2024

Приводятся результаты изучения проявлений и размеров газовых воронок в озерах трех биоклиматических зон Ямала - северной (арктической), типичной и южной тундры. Установлено, что диаметр газовых воронок в озерах закономерно увеличивается от 1.9 м в северной тундре до 7.7 м в южной кустарниковой тундре. Газовые воронки занимают от 0.5 до 4.3 % мелководий озер. Содержание метана в озерных отложениях в два и более раз выше, чем в породах сезонноталого и переходного слоев доминантных ландшафтов. В зоне типичной тундры содержание метана в озерных отложениях обычно составляет около 7 мл/кг, но в отдельных случаях может достигать 18 мл/кг и более. Вероятно, именно в таких озерах с повышенным содержанием метана в донных отложениях происходят газовые выбросы и формируются газовые воронки. После дренирования (осушения) озер начинается промерзание озерных котловин (хасыреев) и формирование криогенного строения отложений. Через 8-10 лет после осушения озерных котловин продолжаются сукцессионные изменения, формирование переходного слоя еще не завершено.
The paper presents the results of studying the appearance and sizes of pockmarks in lakes of three bioclimatic zones of Yamal: northern (arctic), typical, and southern tundra. The diameter of pockmarks in the lakes increases from 1.9 m in the northern tundra to 7.7 m in the southern shrub tundra. Pockmarks occupy from 0.5 to 4.3 % of the shallow-water lake area. The content of methane in lake sediments is two or more times higher than in the sediments of the active and transition layers of dominant landscapes. In the typical tundra zone, the methane content in lake sediments is usually about 7 mL/kg, but in some cases it can reach 18 mL/kg and more. Probably, these are the lakes with the high methane content in bottom sediments, where gas emissions can occur and pockmarks can form. After drainage (drying) of the lakes, lake basins (khasyreys) are subjected to freezing, and the cryogenic structure of lake sediments is formed. Eight-ten years after drying, succession changes in the former lake bottoms continue, and the formation of the transition layer is not yet completed.
RELASI TOKOH MASYARAKAT DAN LEMBAGA NEGARA DALAM PENCEGAHAN PERKAWINAN USIA DINI PASCA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019
Authors: Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana , Rasyid Harun , Ilahi M. Ridho , Shomad Bisri Abd 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The public's understanding of the legal provisions regarding the minimum marriage age remains varied, with many still holding limited knowledge. Some communities continue to follow norms and traditions that allow marriage at a younger age, leading to conflicts with existing legal frameworks. This study aims to assess the public's knowledge of early marriage age limits and analyze the efforts made by religious and community leaders, along with government institutions, in preventing early marriages in the Thousand Islands. The research utilizes a qualitative method, drawing data from literature reviews and interviews with community figures and local government representatives. The results indicate that religious leaders play a crucial role by providing education through Friday sermons and lectures, while community leaders emphasize the importance of delaying marriage until a more mature age through socialization programs. On the government side, policies are implemented based on Law No. 16 of 2019, which raises the minimum marriage age. The findings underscore the significance of collaboration between community leaders and government institutions in overcoming cultural challenges and promoting legal awareness. The implications of this study suggest that a more integrated approach involving continuous public education and policy enforcement is essential to further reduce early marriage cases. Abstrak. Pemahaman masyarakat terkait ketentuan hukum mengenai usia minimum pernikahan masih bervariasi, dengan banyak yang masih memiliki pengetahuan terbatas. Beberapa komunitas masih mengikuti norma dan tradisi yang memperbolehkan pernikahan di usia yang lebih muda, sehingga menyebabkan konflik dengan kerangka hukum yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengetahuan masyarakat tentang batas usia pernikahan dini dan menganalisis upaya yang dilakukan oleh tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, serta lembaga pemerintah dalam mencegah pernikahan dini di Kepulauan Seribu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari tinjauan literatur dan wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat serta perwakilan pemerintah setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh agama memainkan peran penting melalui edukasi dalam khutbah Jumat dan ceramah, sementara tokoh masyarakat menekankan pentingnya menunda pernikahan hingga usia yang lebih matang melalui program sosialisasi. Dari sisi pemerintah, kebijakan diterapkan berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 yang menaikkan usia minimum untuk menikah. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi antara tokoh masyarakat dan lembaga pemerintah dalam mengatasi tantangan budaya dan meningkatkan kesadaran hukum. Implikasi penelitian ini menyarankan pendekatan yang lebih terintegrasi dengan edukasi masyarakat yang berkelanjutan dan penegakan kebijakan yang lebih kuat untuk mengurangi kasus pernikahan dini.
The role of ISDS in the Russian–Ukrainian conflict
Authors: Hajdu Gábor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInvestor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) has long served as an effective remedy for disputes between foreign investors and host states. In the context of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, ISDS has gained particular prominence as a potential tool for advancing the legal claims of private persons even in wartime or otherwise hostile situations. In particular, we had a slew of ISDS cases between Ukrainian investors and Russia, especially in relation to Crimea. This has also raised a number of questions regarding territory and annexation within the context of international law, which the arbitration tribunals had to address. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of ISDS for enforcing private claims in wartime, and to assess the judgments of the arbitration tribunals, with the addition of Russian ISDS cases against Ukraine as well, to serve as a contrast.
Inwestycyjny charakter ubezpieczeń na życie z ubezpieczeniowym funduszem kapitałowym
Authors: Jedynak Tomasz 
Published: September 2024

The paper considers the issue of unit-linked life insurance, and seeks to verify two hypotheses: that unit-linked life insurance products available on the Polish market have an investment character, and that their main purpose is to multiply invested capital. The study was based on a detailed analysis of the General Terms and Conditions of Insurance, a review of the market of unit-linked life insurance with a particular emphasis on the insurers' marketing communication and available statistics. It was found that there was no basis to reject the hypotheses, which means that the unit-linked life insurance products in the Polish market represent an alternative form of investment to those offered by other financial institutions. It was also found that the protective part in these products is marginal, and the aim of isolating it is strictly for the legal classification of certain products like unit-linked life insurance.
Efforts To Improve Alpinia Galanga Production Capability In The Prosperous Plantation Group In Red Mata Village, Banyuasin I Sub-District, Banyuasin District
Authors: Nainggolan Immer Togarma , Fatoni Herawan , Mutaqin Azhadi , Hadjri Muhammad Ichsan 
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine and analyze the improvement of alpinia galanga production capabilities in the Makmur Sejahtera Plantation Group, Merah Mata Village, Banyuasin I District, Banyuasin Regency. This program is a flagship Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program of PT PLN Indonesia Power Merah Mata Generating Unit called Kampung Alpinia galanga, which raises the issue of community empowerment. This program aims to develop management activities, production, and distribution of Alpinia galanga agricultural products and support government programs regarding food security in the communities around PLTG Borang. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The Alpinia galanga Village program has been running since 2021 by PT PLN Indonesia Power UP Merah Mata PLTG Borang. Initial planning was carried out to determine the program's roadmap to be implemented through collaboration between PLTG Borang and the alpinia galanga Village Group. The program scheme that is run together is a long-term empowerment program. After the development of alpinia galanga agricultural commodities and the manufacture of alpinia galanga derivative products, farmers are trained to market Alpinia galanga derivatives/product branding, one of the innovations of Alpinia galanga village. PT PLN Indonesia Power UP Merah Mata PLTG Borang runs the Kampung Alpinia galanga mentoring program for residents on an ongoing basis to encourage the economy of residents, as evidenced by the increase in average income from IDR 600,000 to IDR 3,438,679, which reduces poverty by 3.33% in Merah Mata Village in 2023.
Effect of Gender, Locale and School Types on the Academic Anxiety of Secondary School Students
Authors: Hasan Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

The extant study investigates the levels of academic anxiety across the gender, locale and school types and also explores whether gender, locale and school types obligate any effect on the academic anxiety of secondary school students. Data from secondary school students of Azamgarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India was collected by administering the Singh and Gupta’s Academic Anxiety Scale for Children (AASC) through simple random sampling technique. In view of measuring the effects of gender, locale and school types on academic anxiety, 2X2 factorial design was used. The two way ANOVA along with t-test and descriptive statistical technique was performed. Results reveal that across all the selected demographic variables, considerable proportion of students was reported with high level of academic anxiety. The fetched results also confirm the effects of gender and school types on academic anxiety of school students. Present study implicates with many related studies wherein gender and school types reported to have significant effects on academic anxiety of the students.