bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional localization of T-cell receptors in relation to microvilli using a combination of superresolution microscopies
Authors: Jung Yunmin , Riven Inbal , Feigelson Sara W. , Kartvelishvily Elena , Tohya Kazuo , Miyasaka Masayuki , Alon Ronen , Haran Gilad 
Published: September 2016

Significance
T lymphocytes play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. Their surfaces are covered by narrow and short protrusions called microvilli. It is not known whether there is a role for microvilli in the immune response. To shed light on this question, we probed the location of T-cell receptors (TCRs), the molecules that initiate the immune response of T cells, with respect to the 3D structure of microvilli. Superresolution optical microscopy showed that TCRs are highly concentrated on microvilli. Previous studies stressed the role of small clusters of TCRs in the immune process; our study provides a natural explanation as to how these clusters form.
Molecular organization of cytokinesis nodes and contractile rings by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of live fission yeast
Authors: Laplante Caroline , Huang Fang , Tebbs Irene R. , Bewersdorf Joerg , Pollard Thomas D. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Cell division occurs by the assembly and constriction of a ring of actin and myosin; however, the organization of proteins within cytokinetic apparatus is still unknown. Without better information about the organization of contractile rings, we cannot understand how they assemble or constrict. In fission yeast, cytokinetic proteins are first recruited around the equator as cortical spots, called nodes, that coalesce into a ring. Here we used high-speed quantitative fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy to obtain a molecular model of this basic cytokinetic unit. Nodes are discrete structures with distinct distributions of six different proteins. Nodes persist in contractile rings and move around the circumference as the ring constricts.
Evolutionary learning of adaptation to varying environments through a transgenerational feedback
Authors: Xue BingKan , Leibler Stanislas 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Phenotypic diversification, a form of evolutionary bet hedging, is observed in many biological systems, ranging from isogenic bacteria to cell populations in a tumor. Such phenotypic diversity is adaptive only if it matches the statistics of local environmental variation. Often, the timescale of environmental variation can be much longer than the lifespan of individual organisms. Then how could organisms collect long-term environmental information to modulate their phenotypic diversity? We propose here a general mechanism of “evolutionary learning,” which could overcome the mismatch between the two timescales. The learning mechanism can in principle be realized through known molecular processes of epigenetic inheritance, suggesting experimental directions to probe the evolutionary significance of such processes.
Origin of the multiple configurations that drive the response of δ-plutonium’s elastic moduli to temperature
Authors: Migliori Albert , Söderlind Per , Landa Alexander , Freibert Franz J. , Maiorov Boris , Ramshaw B. J. , Betts Jon B. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Our measurements have shown that the face-centered cubic (δ)-phase of plutonium exhibits little or no volume change but softens drastically as temperature rises over a very broad range. This behavior constrains any microscopic theory of plutonium to require that more than one thermodynamically accessible configuration exists, that the higher energy one has a smaller volume, and contrary to most models, the higher energy, smaller volume configuration must be more compressible. Until the recent neutron-scattering discovery of dynamic magnetism in plutonium, no evidence for such configurations existed. With that discovery, we are able to justify our microscopic theory that captures the observed neutron-scattering and temperature behavior of δ-plutonium.
Structural basis for norovirus neutralization by an HBGA blocking human IgA antibody
Authors: Shanker Sreejesh , Czakó Rita , Sapparapu Gopal , Alvarado Gabriela , Viskovska Maria , Sankaran Banumathi , Atmar Robert L. , Crowe James E. , Estes Mary K. , Prasad B. V. Venkataram 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Attachment to cellular glycans is a critical process in cell entry for several viruses. Antibodies that block this essential step can serve as neutralizing antibodies. Among human noroviruses (NoVs), serum antibodies that block histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding serve as correlates of protection. Escape from neutralization with evolving human NoVs (HuNoVs) through antigenic variation and differential HBGA binding is suggested to form a basis for the emergence of new strains. Currently, we are aware of no structural insights into antibody-mediated HBGA blockade or neutralization, or how emerging strains escape such neutralization. Our study reveals how a human IgA monoclonal antibody binds and blocks HBGA binding and indicates how other strains escape host immunity, laying the structural framework for understanding the immune correlates of protection against HuNoVs.
BMI1–UBR5 axis regulates transcriptional repression at damaged chromatin
Authors: Sanchez Anthony , De Vivo Angelo , Uprety Nadima , Kim Jonghwan , Stevens Stanley M. , Kee Younghoon 
Published: September 2016

Significance
The BMI1-containing Polycomb Repressive Complex is an important gene silencer during development, stem cell maintenance, and cancer progression. BMI1 is also involved in DNA damage response, but its downstream mechanism is unclear. Here we identified UBR5 as a downstream factor whose chromatin recruitment is regulated by BMI1. We showed that BMI1 and UBR5 repress the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation and nascent RNA synthesis at UV-induced DNA lesions. UBR5 associates with and regulates the abundance of the histone chaperon complex FACT at damaged chromatin and regulates elongation of Pol II at the lesions. Thus, our studies identify a pathway that regulates the damage-induced transcriptional repression that is governed by BMI1.
Network architecture of the cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia) association and commissural connectome
Authors: Swanson Larry W. , Sporns Olaf , Hahn Joel D. 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceThe cerebral nuclei together with the cerebral cortex form the cerebral hemispheres that are critically important for the control of voluntary behavior and motivation. Network analysis of microscopic connectional data collected since the 1970s in a small, intensely studied mammal provides a new way to understand overall design features of circuitry coordinating activity in the various parts of the cerebral nuclei on both sides of the brain. Basically, intracerebral nuclei circuitry is organized into four modules on each side of the brain, with connections within and between modules on one side being quite dense and connections between the cerebral nuclei on either side being quite sparse. The results provide insight into cerebral nuclei structure and function.
Optimal activation of Fc-mediated effector functions by influenza virus hemagglutinin antibodies requires two points of contact
Authors: Leon Paul E. , He Wenqian , Mullarkey Caitlin E. , Bailey Mark J. , Miller Matthew S. , Krammer Florian , Palese Peter , Tan Gene S. 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceThe mechanism of how antiviral antibodies induce Fc–FcγR effector functions remains to be fully elucidated. Although the ability to activate effector functions is attributed to antibody isotype, this does not fully address why identical isotypes have different capabilities to stimulate effector function. We show that antibodies that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) require a second intermolecular interaction to optimally activate effector cells. We demonstrate that the receptor-binding domain of the HA is required to bind to sialic acid expressed on the surface of effector cells to optimize effector cell activation. This finding provides a basic understanding of how an optimal antibody-dependent cell-mediated response against influenza virus is achieved and may allow for better vaccine design.
Striosome–dendron bouquets highlight a unique striatonigral circuit targeting dopamine-containing neurons
Authors: Crittenden Jill R. , Tillberg Paul W. , Riad Michael H. , Shima Yasuyuki , Gerfen Charles R. , Curry Jeffrey , Housman David E. , Nelson Sacha B. , Boyden Edward S. , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
The dopamine-containing nigrostriatal system and its return striatonigral pathway form a loop–circuit crucial for the functions of dopamine in modulating movement and mood. Here we identify a specialized subsystem within this loop. With new mouse models and tissue expansion to allow nanoscale imaging, we demonstrate that striatonigral fibers originating in striosomes form bouquet-like arborizations innervating clusters of dopamine-containing neurons and their ventrally extending, tightly bundled dendrites. Within these formations (termed “striosome–dendron bouquets”), striosomal axons and dopamine-containing dendrites are intimately intertwined, as are other afferent and glial elements. The stunning selectivity of striosomal output to the bouquets suggests that the bouquets could exert powerful and focused control over elements of the dopamine system in normal and abnormal states.
Purification and characterization of a novel alginate lyase from the marine bacterium Cobetia sp. NAP1 isolated from brown algae
Authors: Yagi Hisashi , Fujise Asako , Itabashi Narumi , Ohshiro Takashi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The application of marine resources, instead of fossil fuels, for biomass production is important for building a sustainable society. Seaweed is valuable as a source of marine biomass for producing biofuels such as ethanol, and can be used in various fields. Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide that forms the main component of brown algae. Various alginate lyases (e.g. exo- and endo-types and oligoalginate lyase) are generally used to degrade alginate. We herein describe a novel alginate lyase, AlgC-PL7, which belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 7 family. AlgC-PL7 was isolated from the halophilic Gram-negative bacterium Cobetia sp. NAP1 collected from the brown algae Padina arborescens Holmes. The optimal temperature and pH for AlgC-PL7 activity were 45 °C and 8, respectively. Additionally, AlgC-PL7 was thermostable and salt-tolerant, exhibited broad substrate specificity, and degraded alginate into monosaccharides. Therefore, AlgC-PL7 is a promising enzyme for the production of biofuels.
Effect of epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate and quercetin on the cryopreservation of cartilage tissue
Authors: Kasai Nobuhiro , Mera Hisashi , Wakitani Shigeyuki , Morita Yusuke , Tomita Naohide , Takagi Mutsumi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The effects of epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (EGCG) and quercetin on the contents of extracellular matrix (ECM) in porcine cartilage at 4 °C were investigated. The addition of quercetin at 0.01 mM for the incubation of porcine cartilage disks at 4 °C for 2 week could suppress the decrease in ECM and the compliance of the disks, markedly greater than those of EGCG (1.0 mM).
Final report on COOMET key comparison of AC/DC voltage transfer references (COOMET.EM-K6.a)
Authors: Velychko O , Darmenko Yu 
Published: September 2016

An intercomparison of AC/DC voltage transfer references has taken place within the framework of COOMET. The intercomparison, piloted by State Enterprise 'Ukrmetrteststandard'-UMTS (Ukraine), has involved five laboratories, including one who is a member of another regional metrological organization-EURAMET (INM, Romania). The results presented in this report appear to show that there are significant differences between some laboratories' representations of the volt. However, the agreement demonstrated by the intercomparison provides confidence in maintaining traceability for the AC/DC voltage transfer references. Proposed to link the results from this key comparison to the CCEM-K6.a comparison. VNIIM (Russia) is linking NMI as far as they participated in CCEM-K6.a.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Shrinking sea ice, increasing snowfall and thinning lake ice: a complex Arctic linkage explained
Authors: Brock Ben W 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The dramatic shrinkage of Arctic sea ice is one of the starkest symptoms of global warming, with potentially severe and far-reaching impacts on arctic marine and terrestrial ecology (Post et al 2013 Science

341 519–24) and northern hemisphere climate (Screen et al 2015 Environ. Res. Lett.
10 084006). In their recent article, Alexeev et al (2016 Environ. Res. Lett.
11 074022) highlight another, and unexpected, consequence of Arctic sea ice retreat: the thinning of lake ice in northern Alaska. This is attributed to early winter ‘ocean effect’ snowfall which insulates lake surfaces and inhibits the formation of deep lake ice. Lake ice thinning has important consequences for Arctic lake hydrology, biology and permafrost degradation.
Absence of Neuropathology With Prolonged Isoflurane Sedation in Healthy Adult Rats
Authors: DeYoung Timothy P. , Li John C. , Tang Xiaorui , Ward Christopher G. , Dworkin Barry R. , Eckenhoff Maryellen F. , Kofke William A. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The use of isoflurane sedation for prolonged periods in the critical care environment is increasing. However, isoflurane-mediated neurotoxicity has been widely reported. The goal of the present study was to determine whether long-term exposure to low-dose isoflurane in mechanically ventilated rodents is associated with evidence of neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation.

Methods:
Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Experimental animals (n=11) were induced with 1.5% isoflurane, intubated, and given a neuromuscular blockade with α-cobratoxin. EEG electrodes were surgically implanted, subcutaneous precordial EKG Ag wire electrodes, and bladder, femoral artery, and femoral vein cannulas permanently placed. After these procedures, the isoflurane concentration was reduced to 0.5% and, in conjunction with the neuromuscular blockade, continued for 7 days. Arterial blood gases and chemistry were measured at 3 time points and core body temperature servoregulated and maintenance IV fluids were given during the 7 days. Experimental animals and untreated controls (n=9) were euthanized on day 7.

Results:
Immunohistochemical and cytochemical assays did not detect evidence of microgliosis, astrocytosis, neuronal apoptosis or necrosis, amyloidosis, or phosphorylated-tau accumulation. Blood glucose levels were significantly reduced on days 3/4 and 6/7 and partial pressure of oxygen was significantly reduced, but still within the normal range, on day 6/7. All other blood measurements were unchanged.

Conclusions:
No neuropathologic changes consistent with neurotoxicity were detected in the brain after 1 week of continuous exposure to 0.5% isoflurane in healthy rats. These data suggest that even long exposures to low concentrations of isoflurane have no overt consequences on neuropathology.
Safe Sleep Infant Care Practices Reported by Mothers of Twins
Authors: Damato Elizabeth G. , Haas Madeline C. , Czeck Pamela , Dowling Donna A. , Barsman Sarah Gutin 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The high prevalence of prematurity and low birth-weight places twin infants at increased risk for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and/or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Risk for these SUID and SIDS is affected by a combination of nonmodifiable intrinsic risk factors and modifiable extrinsic stressors including infant care practices related to sleep. Although adherence to the full scope of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2011 recommendations is intended to decrease risk, these recommendations are aimed at singleton infants and may require tailoring for families with multiple infants.

Purpose:
The study describes infant care practices reported by mothers of twins in the first 6 months postpartum.

Methods:
Mothers caring for twin infants (N = 35) were surveyed online both longitudinally (at 2, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after infant hospital discharge) and cross-sectionally. AAP recommendations (2011) guided survey content.

Results:
The degree of adherence to AAP recommendations varied over time. For example, mothers of twins reported 100% adherence to placing twins supine for sleep initially, but many reported putting babies on their stomachs for naps as twins became older. Sharing a parent's bedroom decreased over time as did frequency of crib sharing. Fewer than half of mothers offered a pacifier most or all of the time for sleep.

Implications for Practice:
Opportunities exist for development of an educational program geared specifically for postpartum parents of twins.

Implications for Research:
Barriers affecting adherence to AAP recommendations and effectiveness of educational programs addressing needs of this unique population need further exploration.
Application of Laparoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Artificial Disc Replacement
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Liu Shangli , He Gengsheng , Yan Yiguo , Li Xuelin , Ouyang Zhihua , Zuo Jianhong 
Published: September 2016

Study Design.
This prospective observational study included 22 patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic degenerative disc disease treated via artificial disc replacement (ADR) with a laparoscopic technique.

Objective.
The current study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of ADR using a laparoscopic technique for lumbar disc herniation.

Summary of Background Data.
Symptomatic degenerative disc disease is the major cause of low back pain with lumbar segmental instability. ADR has increased in popularity as an alternative treatment for lumbar disc herniation. However, the traditional approach to spinal surgery carries the risk of catastrophic bleeding from injury to major vessels, as well as iatrogenic injury to the viscera and associated structures. Therefore, laparoscopic lumbar discectomy and ADR may represent a useful alternative.

Methods.
Twenty-two patients (8 males and 14 females) who were diagnosed with symptomatic degenerative disc disease were included in this study. Seven cases involved the L4/5 level, and 15 cases involved the L5/S1 level. All patients were ineffective after at least 6 months of conservative treatments; all patients were informed of the surgery before the operation and provided consent. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) of the iliac great blood vessels was completed before the surgery. All surgical procedures were performed under a laparoscope. All patients were followed up.

Results.
All surgeries were successfully completed. The average operation time was 120 minutes (range 110–150 min), and the average hemorrhage was 145 mL (range 80–360 mL). All cases underwent X-rays at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and the final postoperative follow-up. The outcome indicated that there was no mobilization, displacement, or subsidence in all patients with the exception of one case with prosthesis migration. The follow-up time was 43.8 months (range 24–64 months). The mean visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry scores were decreased postoperatively. The mean improvement rate of the VAS score was 73.5%.

Conclusion.
Lumbar ADR using a laparoscope represents a novel, minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic degenerative disc disease and severe lumbar discogenic pain.

Level of Evidence: 3
Novel Cutaneous Manifestations of Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
Authors: Lowther Christopher M. , Morrison Annie O. , Candelario Nicole M. , Khalafbeigi Sheva , Cockerell Clay J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare progressive disease that manifests as parenchymal fibrosis of the upper lobe and pleura. Approximately 100 cases have been reported. Cutaneous manifestations of PPFE have not previously been described. Diagnosis is dependent on histologic identification of fibrosis with atypical elastic fibers, necessitating an invasive peripheral lung wedge biopsy.
A 68-year-old male with a history of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis presented with an asymptomatic, telangiectatic erythematous eruption on bilateral lower extremities. Biopsies demonstrated a subtle perivascular infiltrate with marked increase in atypical elastic fibers, similar to the elastosis in the patient's lungs.
This is the first documented case of cutaneous manifestations in PPFE. Clinicians need to be aware that cutaneous eruptions clinically simulating telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans but lacking a mast cell infiltrate histologically, may have increased abnormal elastic fibers. Thus, early recognition of these lesions in patients with an undefined restrictive lung disorder, may facilitate the diagnosis of PPFE in some patients.
Osteogenic Melanoma With Desmin Expression
Authors: Trevisan Flávia , Tregnago Aline C. , Lopes Pinto Clóvis A. , Urvanegia Ana C. M. , Morbeck Diogo L. , Bertolli Eduardo , Riva Neto Floriano R. , Duprat Neto João P. , de Macedo Mariana P. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Osteogenic differentiation is rarely seen in melanomas, when it occurs it is mainly in acral lesions.

Methods:
We report a case of an osteogenic melanoma in a 49-year-old woman who presented with a pigmented lesion in the subungueal region of her left hallux. The lesion was ulcerated and infiltrated until the deep dermis without bone involvement.

Results:
The tumor was composed of pleomorphic atypical epithelioid and fusiform cells disposed in nests or cords, with vesicular nuclei and prominent central nucleoli. Focal lentiginous proliferation of large atypical melanocytes was present along the dermoepidermal junction. Areas of osteoid matrix focally mineralized were disposed in trabeculae, and there were islands of neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of S-100 protein and, unexpectedly, of desmin. Focal expression of Melan-A, microphthalmia transcription factor, and HMB-45 is also revealed. Mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes were not present. The patient was submitted to an amputation of the left hallux with negative sentinel lymph node.

Conclusion:
The importance of recognizing osteogenic melanoma is based on difficulties for histologic recognition and its differentials diagnosis.