bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rs2058539 and rs10953505 visfatin gene polymorphisms their plasma
concentrations and occurrence of overweight and obesity
among patients reporting to primary healthcare clinic
Authors: Kała Ewa , Bodek Izabela , Trelińska Oliwia , Gładysz Patrycja , Lepiarczyk Oskar , Śmigel Aleksandra , Gola Mateusz , Śnit Mirosław , Grzeszczak Władysław 
Published: January 2016

WstępWisfatyna jest stosunkowo niedawno odkrytą adipocytokiną, wykazującą m.in. efekt insulinomimetyczny. Udział badanych polimorfizmów genu kodującego wisfatynę oraz poziom jej stężenia w surowicy krwi w rozwoju nadwagi i otyłości pozostaje nadal kontrowersyjny.Cel pracyOcena potencjalnego związku między wybranymi polimorfizmami genu wisfatyny, jej stężeniem w surowicy krwi a występowaniem nadwagi i otyłości w populacji pacjentów zgłaszających się do poradni ogólnej podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej (POZ).Materiał i metodykaBadaniem objęto łącznie 476 dorosłych pacjentów z rejonu Polski Południowej, którzy kolejno zgłaszali się po poradę do POZ. Badanych podzielono na 3 grupy, opierając się na wartości obwodu pasa (grupa kontrolna, grupa z otyłością, grupa z nadwagą). Genotypowanie polimorfizmów genu wisfatyny (rs2058539 oraz rs10953505) prowadzono z wykorzystaniem znakowanych fluorescencyjnie sond, używając gotowych zestawów do oznaczania polimorfizmu pojedynczego nukleotydu-TaqManPre-designed SNP Genotypie Assai (Applied Biosystems). Stężenia wisfatyny w surowicy krwi oznaczano metodą ELISA. Do obliczeń statystycznych wykorzystano program Statistica 8.0.WynikiBadania wykazały brak korelacji między występowaniem badanych polimorfizmów genu wisfatyny a jej stężeniem w surowicy krwi. Stwierdzono istotną statystycznie różnicę w występowaniu polimorfizmu rs2058539 między osobami z nadwagą a osobami z prawidłowym obwodem pasa. Ponadto zaobserwowano znamiennie częstsze występowanie allelu „C” polimorfizmu rs2058539 u osób z nadwagą.Wnioski1. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można wnioskować, że polimorfizm rs2058539 genu wisfatyny może brać udział w patogenezie nadmiernego wzrostu masy ciała. 2. Nie stwierdza się zależności między badanymi polimorfizmami a stężeniem wisfatyny w surowicy krwi.
Investigations into Improving Dewaterability at a Bio‐P/Anaerobic Digestion Plant
Authors: Alm Rebecca , Sealock Adam W. , Nollet Yabing , Sprouse George 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: Metropolitan Council Environmental Services has observed poorer than expected dewatering performance at its Empire Plant. This plant has both anaerobic digestion and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in its treatment train. A research program using pilot‐scale anaerobic digesters investigated potential solutions to the plant's poor dewaterability. The dewaterability goal was to increase the cake solids from 12% total solids (TS) to 16% TS or higher. This research investigated 20 different reactor conditions including chemical, feed sludge, and digested sludge treatments. At the pilot scale, unaerated storage of waste activated sludge prior to thickening and addition of ferric chloride to digestion was found to achieve dewatered cake solids of nearly 17% TS with the added benefit of reducing polymer demand. Issues including the amount of chemical required and the resulting volatile solids destruction influence the viability of the process change, so a full‐scale pilot and financial analysis is recommended before making permanent process changes.
Yellow Krang – A New Cultivar Of Papaya For Green Consumption With Tolerance To Papaya Ringspot Virus
Authors: Janthasri Rapatsa , Chaiyaboon Wiwat 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The development of a papaya cultivar for unripe or green consumption that has resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) began in 2004 by crossing red-fleshed ‘Red Krang’ cultivar with yellow-fleshed Sai Nampeung cultivar. Numerous diverse hybrids that were obtained were selected in a recurrent selection until 2010. The ’Yellow Krang’ line was selected because of the early and high yielding, elongated fruit shape, is yellow and crispy flesh when unripe and suitable for consumption as green papaya, and tolerance to PRSV. From 2010 to 2015 the ‘Yellow Krang’ line was refined through pure line selection. It was evaluated in four growing areas in Thailand for 3 years. The field trial showed that ‘Yellow Krang’ can be classified as dwarf, reaching a height of 110-150 cm, early bearing, with mean 105 days to first flower anthesis; an average of 100 flowers and 206 fruits per plant, mean fruit weight 1.2 kg, mean fruit thickness 2.4 cm, mean fruit firmness 7.15 Newtons; high yielding, with mean fresh weight yield of 134.606 kg/hectare; and 24.86% incidence of PRSV.
Suitability Of Plum And Prune Cultivars, Grown In A High Density Planting System, For Mechanical Harvesting With A Canopy Contact, Straddle Harvester
Authors: Mika Augustyn , Buler Zbigniew , Rabcewicz Jacek , Białkowski Paweł , Konopacka Dorota 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The relation of hand-harvesting cost in plum and prune production to the total costs amounts to 25-40%. Mechanical harvesting makes it possible to cut drastically both the harvesting and total costs. To test the suitability of plum and prune species to be mechanically harvested, an experimental grove (area 0.8 ha) was established in 2008. Three plum cultivars and one prune cultivar grafted on semi-dwarf and vigorous rootstocks were planted at high density (1250; 1666; 2500 trees·ha−1). During the span of full yielding (2012-2014), fruits were harvested mechanically with a canopy contact, straddle harvester in continuous motion, designed at the Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, to harvest tart cherry, and later adapted to harvesting plums and prunes. Trees grafted on semi-dwarf rootstock (‘Wangenheim Prune’) appeared to be more suitable for mechanical harvesting than strong-growing trees grafted on Prunus cerasifera clone ‘Myrobalan’. Cumulative yield per ha (years 2012-2014) was the highest at the highest planting density. Trees grafted on the semi-dwarf rootstock had a higher productivity index than trees grafted on the vigorous rootstock. There was no significant difference in fruit quality related to planting distance. Mechanical harvesting was nearly 40 times more efficient than hand picking. The efficiency of mechanical harvest was from 85% to 90%. Over 5% of fruits were lost on the ground and from 1 to 5% of fruits were left on the tree. Up to 18% of the plums and no more than 10% of the prunes harvested mechanically showed some damage. They can be fully acceptable for processing, for up to 10 days, providing the potential deterioration processes are inhibited by cold storage. The large-fruited cultivars seem to be more susceptible to bruising than the small-fruited ones. For the latter, the share of marketable quality fruits within the mechanically harvested crop amounted to about 80%, which could be a good prognostic justifying further trials on the prune harvester.
Effect Of 1-MCP Treatment On Storage Potential Of Tomato Fruit
Authors: Wrzodak Anna , Gajewski Marek 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Tomato fruit cv. ’Faustine’ F1 were harvested at mature green and full-red stages and treated with 1 or 2 µl·l−1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20 °C and 85-90% RH, for 21 hours to investigate the ability to delay ripening. Treated and control fruit were stored at 12.5 and 20 °C and 85-90% RH. Ethylene production, rate of respiration, weight loss, market value and storage life were determined after 4-week storage. Exposure of tomato fruit to 1-MCP reduced ethylene production and respiration rate of the fruit harvested at mature-green and full-red stages of maturity. Storage life and market value of tomato fruit depended on the treatment with 1-MCP, stage of maturity and storage temperature. Untreated fruits were characterized by the shortest storage life in comparison with the fruit treated with 1-MCP. The lowest market value was observed for tomato fruit harvested as a mature green, untreated with 1-MCP and stored at 20 °C. Treatment of tomato fruit with 1-MCP resulted in the reduction of natural weight loss during storage. These results suggest that 1-MCP treatment can be used in a commercial storage and trading system for tomatoes due to its ability to delay fruit ripening.
The Untapped Potential Of Plant Thin Cell Layers
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime , Altamura Maria Maddalena , Dobránszki Judit 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Thin cell layers (TCLs), which contain a small number of cells or tissues, are explants excised from different organs (stems, leaves, roots, inflorescences, flowers, cotyledons, hypocotyls/epicotyls, and embryos). After almost 45 years of research, this culture system has been used for several monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants of commercial importance, and for model plants. The limited amount of cells in a TCL is of paramount importance because marker molecules/genes of differentiation can be easily localized in situ in the target/responsive cells. Thus, the use of TCLs has allowed, and continues to allow, for the expansion of knowledge in plant research in a practical and applied manner into the fields of tissue culture and micropropagation, cell and organ genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and development. Starting from a brief historical background, the actual and potential uses of the TCL system are briefly reviewed.
EFFECT OF POSTOPERATIVE EPIDURAL ANALGESIA AFTER MAJOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERIES, A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Pathak Laxmi 
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: Epidural analgesia has been used in many major surgeries like upper abdominal surgery, cardio-thoracic surgery, orthopedic surgery etc. Epidural analgesia is one of the commonly used methods of postoperative pain control despite its associated complications. So, this study was conducted to find out its effectiveness in major orthopedic surgeries done in Universal College of Medical Sciences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was done at Universal College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal from July 2012 to June 2014. Data of 57 patients, aged between 17 to 91 years having American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 who had undergone major orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia and lumber epidural catheterization were collected and important information regarding anesthesia and surgery, epidural catheter and postoperative epidural analgesia, any complications if occurred throughout the study period were recorded. Departmental Protocol for epidural analgesia was followed in these patients. Patients who received intraoperative epidural anesthesia or analgesia and any other anesthetic or analgesic agents were excluded in this study. RESULTS: This study found epidural analgesia, a very effective way to relieve pain in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries, when given according to the Departmental Protocol. There were no any complications related to epidural analgesia till 4th postoperative day. Out of 57, only 2 patients received injection Ketorolac intravenously as a rescue analgesic at the same day of operation before epidural top up. Average time to demand for analgesic after the last dose of epidural top up was 21.933 hours. All patients were mobilized around their beds on 2nd postoperative day. The average postoperative days of hospital stay was only 6.5 days. CONCLUSION: Epidural mixture of Bupivacaine-morphine in lower dose and concentration given as an intermittent bolus dosing via lumber epidural catheter is safe and very effective in relieving postoperative pain after major orthopedic surgeries without any significant complications.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10
VISUAL OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS OF PEDIATRIC CATARACT SURGERY AT LUMBINI EYE INSTITUTE, NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Hari Bahadur , Rai Salma KC , Bhari Arjun Malla , Bassett Ken 
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric eye care, including cataract surgery, has become much more common in Nepal in recent years in tertiary facilities such as the Lumbini Eye Institute (LEI). This study provides the first report of visual outcome and complications after cataract surgery at that Institute. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of all cataract surgical patients <16 years of age between March 1, 2011, and February 28, 2012. Visual outcome was assessed by two optometrists with pediatric eye care training. Clinical data were gathered in a specifically designed pediatric eye program database and demographic data were taken from hospital administrative records. RESULTS: In 2011-12, 334 children (248 boys [74%]) underwent cataract surgery, including 89 Nepali (27%) and 245 Indian (73%) children. In total, 320 (96%), 270 (81%), and 190 (57%) attended their first, second and third follow up visits respectively. Pre-operative visual acuity was <6/60 (91%), 6/60 to <6/18 (7%) and >6/18 (2%). Post-operatively, visual acuity was <6/60(27.5%), 6/60 to <6/18 (36.5%) and 6/18 or better (36%). The mean best corrected visual acuity was 6/38 first follow up, 6/34 second follow up, and 6/30 third follow up. Intraoperative complications were 1.6% pupillary capture and post-operative complications were 35.3% posterior capsular opacification (PCO). CONCLUSION: For 63% of children, visual acuity significantly improved with cataract surgery beyond their presenting vision of <6/60, with over 38% of children achieving visual acuity (>6/18). Follow up beyond one month needs significant improvement to treat postoperative complications particularly posterior capsular opacification.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10Page: 35-38
HYPOTHESIS TESTING IN MEDICAL RESEARCH: A KEY STATISTICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Kumar Ashok 
Published: January 2016

“Hypothesis testing” is an integral and most important component of research methodology, in all researches, whether in medical sciences, social sciences or any such allied field. It is a guideline in planning, implementation and getting final results thereof, in undertaking any research work. The present paper, in this direction, is designed mainly as a key note, to highlight the basics towards hypothesis, testing its validity i.e. Acceptance “or” rejection and finally interpreting the tenability of selected variables as a solution to the postulated “ research problem ”. To supplement with , a few problem based illustrations (pbi)s have also been incorporated accordingly.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10 Page: 53-56
L'espace non-métropolisé du territoire français
Authors: Kayser Bernard 
Published: January 2016

La réflexion sur la structure des espaces régionaux conduit à mettre en cause les notions de réseau urbain et de zone d'influence. L'analyse permet d'opposer d'une part un espace étroitement lié aux très grandes villes — l'espace métropolisé — et d'autre part l'espace intermédiaire, non-métropolisé : celui-ci est habité par la moitié de la population française. L'espace non-métropolisé est extrêmement hétérogène, généralement peu densément occupé mais révélant de multiples combinaisons rurales-urbaines héritées de l'histoire. Son destin dépend du dynamisme de ses villes : or celles-ci, après un indéniable essor, ne vont-elles pas connaître la stagnation ? Le
problème, essentiel pour l'aménagement du territoire et qui intéresse l'évolution de la localisation des activités économiques, devrait être l'objet d'études prospectives approfondies.
Generalized Goldberg Formula
Authors: De Nicola Antonio , Yudin Ivan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper we prove a useful formula for the graded commutator of the Hodge codifferential with the left wedge multiplication by a fixed p-form acting on the de Rham algebra of a Riemannian manifold. Our formula generalizes a formula stated by Samuel I. Goldberg for the case of 1-forms. As first examples of application we obtain new identities on locally conformally Kähler manifolds and quasi-Sasakian manifolds. Moreover, we prove that under suitable conditions a certain subalgebra of differential forms in a compact manifold is quasi-isomorphic as a CDGA to the full de Rham algebra.
The architectural design in time of crisis. A research of "roots" to support the development
Authors: Forlani Maria Cristina 
Published: January 2016

<p>Vitruvius wrote the first treatise of Architecture and in it we find the fundamental recommendations for a good design. In the past 50 years it seems, instead, that each of these directions had been lost and there is today the need of promoting a new design paradigm that is attentive to nowadays criticalities and directed to sustainable development.<br />The term sustainability starts to configure the quality of human actions since the 80’s following reflections on the resources limit (raw materials and fossil fuels) and the environment capacity limit of absorbing emissions and waste.<br />The concept of sustainable development was elaborated in 1987 in the Brundtland report according to the need of distinguishing it from the concept of growth, that is to say with the goal of tending simultaneously toward the quality verification of programs in the environmental, social and economic dimensions.<br />All that invited the whole society to reconsider its "lifestyle" that, in the specific field of architecture, meant finding a new design approach geared to a lower consumption and greater caution and responsibility in the choices.<br />The configuration of a new design paradigm can trace their roots in the study of history and can proceed to evaluate the actions in a broad context of skills to ensure the quality of the products.</p>
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Screening Within Community Health Centers
Authors: Cook Nicole , Turse Erica P. , Garcia Angela S. , Hardigan Patrick , Amofah Saint Anthony 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Context: Approximately 2.7 million people in the United States currently live with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and many are unaware that they have the disease. Community health centers (CHCs) serve as the primary care safety net for more than 22 million patients who are at risk for health inequities and represent an important frontline resource for early screening and treatment for HCV infection.

Objective: To understand HCV infection screening rates among CHC patients, and to quantify the screening gap by demographic characteristics.

Methods: The authors analyzed a deidentified dataset obtained through electronic health records from a large national network of CHCs. All adults at risk for HCV infection, according to the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) birth cohort screening guidelines for HCV infection, were considered eligible if they had a patient office visit between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2013. Data were reviewed to determine the documentation of HCV infection screening from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013, and HCV infection screening rates were analyzed by age, race/ethnicity, and sex.

Results: Among 60,722 eligible patients, 5033 (8.3%) had an HCV infection screen in accordance with USPSTF birth cohort screening guidelines. Women were less likely to be screened than men in every race/ethnic group, including white Hispanic (9.3% in women vs 5.4% in men), black Hispanic (15.1% in women vs 9.0% in men), white non-Hispanic (13.6% in women vs 8.1% in men), black non-Hispanic (14.9% in women vs 8.9% in men), Caribbean Islander or Haitian (6.5% in women vs 3.7% in men), and other races/ethnicities (6.3% in women vs 3.6% in men).

Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first large-scale study among CHCs to assess the screening gap of the USPSTF birth cohort screening guidelines for HCV infection. This study suggests that CHCs should consider opportunities to improve HCV infection screening, thereby contributing to the reduction of health inequities resulting from untreated HCV infection.
A statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed at the dayside magnetopause
Authors: Lee S. H. , Zhang H. , Zong Q.‐G. , Otto A. , Rème H. , Liebert E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present a statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed by the Cluster spacecraft near the dayside magnetopause. Plasmaspheric plumes are identified when the low‐energy ions (<1 keV) with ∼90° pitch angle distributions are observed by the Cluster Ion Spectrometer/Hot Ion Analyzer instrument. The ionospheric outflows are characterized by unidirectional or bidirectional field‐aligned pitch angle distributions of low‐energy ions observed in the dayside magnetosphere. Forty‐three (10%) plasmaspheric plume events and 32 (7%) ionospheric outflow events were detected out of the 442 times that C3 crossed the dayside magnetopause between 2007 and 2009. The occurrence rate of plumes at duskside is significantly higher than that at dawnside. The occurrence rate of outflows shows a weak dawn‐dusk asymmetry. We investigate the dependence of the occurrence rates of plumes and ionospheric outflows on geomagnetic activity and on solar wind/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The plume events tend to occur during southward IMF (duskward solar wind electric field) and moderate geomagnetic activity (Kp = 3,−30≤Dst <− 10 nT). However, the ionospheric outflow events tend to occur during northward IMF (dawnward solar wind electric field). The ionospheric outflows do not occur when Kp = 0, and the occurrence rate of the ionospheric outflows does not have a clear Dst dependence. Seventy‐five percent (46%) of the outflows are observed in the duskside for negative (positive) IMF By. Conversely, 54% (25%) of the outflows are observed in the dawnside for positive (negative) IMF By. Finally, the occurrence rates of both plumes and outflows increase with solar wind dynamic pressure.
Distortion of thermospheric air masses by horizontal neutral winds over Poker Flat Alaska measured using an all‐sky scanning Doppler imager
Authors: Dhadly M. S. , Conde M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn air mass transported by a wind field will become distorted over time by any gradients present in the wind field. To study this effect in Earth's thermosphere, we examine the behavior of a simple parameter that we describe here as the “distortion gradient.” It incorporates all of the wind field's departures from uniformity and is thus capable of representing all contributions to the distortion or mixing of air masses. The distortion gradient is defined such that it is always positive, so averaging over time and/or space does not suppress small‐scale features. Conventional gradients, by contrast, are signed quantities that would often average to zero. To analyze the climatological behavior of this distortion gradient, we used three years (2010, 2011, and 2012) of thermospheric F region wind observations from a high‐latitude ground‐based all‐sky wavelength scanning Doppler Fabry‐Perot interferometer located at Poker Flat Alaska. Climatological averaging of the distortion gradient allowed us to investigate its diurnal and seasonal (annual) behaviors at our observing location. Distortion was observed to be higher before local magnetic midnight and to be seasonally dependent. While maximum distortion occurred before local magnetic midnight under all geomagnetic conditions, the peak distortion occurred earlier under moderate geomagnetic conditions as compared to the quiet geomagnetic conditions and even earlier still when geomagnetic conditions were active. Peak distortion was stronger and appeared earlier when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was southward compared to northward. By contrast, we could not resolve any time‐shift effect due to the IMF component tangential to Earth's orbit.