bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Margin Calculation During Finite Element Creep Simulations
Authors: Day William David , O'Nora Nathan , Gordon Ali P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Creep deformation in turbomachinery applications is a highly nonlinear phenomenon where ±15 °C may halve or double the average rupture life. Even in well-controlled laboratory conditions, this stochastic nature means that identical tests may differ by a factor of two. Analysts using implicit finite element user creep subroutines may not appreciate the uncertainty of their solution, or the design changes required to account for uncertainty in either the boundary conditions or the solution itself. Designing to a maximum strain limit does not consider the sudden acceleration of tertiary creep rates. Applying a time factor may extend the simulation time by multiple factors. This paper presents a methodology where two estimations of creep damage are made in parallel to the creep simulation at actual operating temperatures. These two estimations consider the predicted change in stress relaxation, at higher or lower temperatures, to estimate the temperature change required to reach the onset of creep, at any given node in the model, and at any given time in the analysis. This margin calculation is expanded to consider the uncertainty in creep prediction. A time-based scatter factor is incorporated into the temperature margin calculation to provide a minimum temperature margin that includes model uncertainty. The analyst can also consider the uncertainty of the temperature prediction and boundary conditions to produce a robust creep prediction in a real-world simulation. The methodology is validated through the finite element analysis (FEA) of example cases and applied to a creep-limited second stage turbine blade.
Residual Stress Optimization for Manufacturing of a Nozzle Guide Vane in Mar-M-509 by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Lani Sébastien , Pardhi Yogiraj , Ghasemi Hossein , Reinert Felix , Burn Andreas , Soothill Charles 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, focusing on the utilization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to optimize the manufacturing process for Mar-M-509, a cobalt-based superalloy, in aeroderivative industrial gas turbine nozzle guide vanes. While Mar-M-509 offers exceptional properties for high-temperature applications, the rapid cooling rates inherent in LPBF introduce significant residual stresses, leading to poor success rates below 50%. The study systematically addresses this challenge by proposing a comprehensive methodology to optimize LPBF parameters. By fine-tuning processing conditions, including elevating the powder bed and build chamber temperatures, the research achieved notable reductions in residual stresses by up to 55%. Computational simulations played a pivotal role in predicting deformations and thermal signatures, enabling proactive adjustments to process conditions, ultimately enhancing part quality and process reliability. Validation through successful printing with a yield exceeding 75% underscores the effectiveness of this approach. Moreover, the study suggests the broader applicability of these optimization strategies beyond Mar-M-509, paving the way for advancements in AM techniques across diverse materials and industrial sectors. This research not only presents a robust solution for mitigating residual stresses in LPBF-produced components but also showcases a proactive methodology that promises significant implications for additive manufacturing's future advancements and applicability.
Origami-Inspired Collapsible Structures for Small Rotorcraft Collision Resilience and Landing
Authors: Chang Andrew L. , Munoz Ivonne , Sanchez Christopher , Sanchez IV Leopoldo , Lee Christopher L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article reports on the design, fabrication, and testing of flexible, collapsible structures inspired by origami and kirigami that can be used to protect small rotorcraft from collision impacts and to serve as landing gear. Twenty structures created from variations of Pako Pako, Magic Ball, and Herringbone fold patterns were laser cut from cardstock and evaluated experimentally. Some of the Pako Pako structures were designed to have graduated mechanical stiffness. An empirical procedure based on acceleration measurements has been developed that enables quantitative evaluation of each structure based on the characterization parameters of peak acceleration, peak velocity, translational kinetic energy, impact duration, mass, and mechanical stiffness. Structures were mounted onto the front of a radio-controlled (RC) car and driven on a linear test track into a rigid wall. Accelerations measured during the collisions were numerically integrated to determine velocities over the impact and collapse/compression of the structures. Flight tests conducted with small RC quadcopters demonstrated that the collapsible structures could successfully be used to mitigate collisions, enough to enable the quadcopters to continue flying after a direct impact and to land indoors or on outdoor terrain with varying slopes and surfaces. Based on trade-off comparisons between the evaluative metrics of the cases studied, conical Pako Pako structures with uniform stiffness are shown to be the most effective for collision resilience and landing.
Paternal metformin use and risk of congenital malformations in offspring in Norway and Taiwan: population based, cross national cohort study
Authors: Meng Lin-Chieh , van Gelder Marleen M H J , Chuang Hui-Min , Chen Liang-Kung , Hsiao Fei-Yuan , Nordeng Hedvig M E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the association between paternal metformin use and risk of congenital malformations in offspring.

Design
Population based, cross national cohort study.

Setting
Norway and Taiwan.

Participants
619 389 offspring with paternal data during the period of sperm development (three months before pregnancy) in the Norwegian cohort during 2010-21 and 2 563 812 in the Taiwanese cohort during 2004-18.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was any congenital malformation, and the secondary outcome was organ specific malformations, classified according to the European surveillance of congenital anomalies guidelines. Relative risks were estimated with an unadjusted analysis and with analyses restricted to the cohort of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those using overlap propensity score weighting to control for severity of diabetes and other potential confounders. Sibling matched comparisons were conducted to account for genetic and lifestyle factors. Relative risk estimates for Norwegian and Taiwanese data were pooled using a random effects meta-analytical approach.

Results
Paternal data on metformin use during the period of sperm development was available for 2075 (0.3%) offspring in Norway and 15 276 (0.6%) offspring in Taiwan. Among these offspring, 104 (5.0%) in Norway and 512 (3.4%) in Taiwan had congenital malformations. Increased risks of any congenital malformation associated with paternal metformin use were observed in the unadjusted analysis and attenuated with increasing control of confounding. The relative risks of any malformations with paternal metformin use were 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.55) in Norway and 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) in Taiwan in the unadjusted analysis and 1.20 (0.94 to 1.53) and 0.93 (0.80 to 1.07), respectively, in the analysis restricted to fathers with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the overlap propensity score weighting analysis restricted to fathers with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the relative risks were 0.98 (0.72 to 1.33) in Norway and 0.87 (0.74 to 1.02) in Taiwan, resulting in a pooled estimate of 0.89 (0.77 to 1.03). No associations were observed between paternal metformin use and any organ specific malformations. These findings were consistent in sibling matched comparisons and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that paternal use of metformin during the period of sperm development is not associated with congenital malformations in offspring, including organ specific malformations. Metformin can therefore continue to be considered a suitable initial oral agent for managing glucose levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus who plan on having children.
Review of theories into the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Mani Racheed , Basem Jade , Yang Liu , Fiore Susan , Djuric Petar , Egnor Michael 
Published: October 2024

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) represents a unique form of hydrocephalus characterised by the paradox of ventriculomegaly without significant elevations in intracranial pressure, with the clinical triad of gait instability, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. A myriad of neurobiological correlates have been implicated in its pathophysiology. We review the literature to provide an up-to-date, narrative review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of NPH, proposing a holistic framework through which to understand the condition.We conducted a narrative review of the literature on NPH, assessing the various mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology and clinical presentation.NPH represents a unique form of hydrocephalus manifesting as a disorder of the cerebral vasculature, characterised by arteriosclerosis and reduced intracranial elastance. There are multiple mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology, which include windkessel impairment causing redistribution of intracranial pulsatility from the subarachnoid space to the ventricles, reductions in cerebral blood flow, impaired glymphatic clearance, reduced blood–brain barrier integrity and alterations in venous haemodynamics. Moreover, NPH shares similar clinical features and pathological mechanisms as other neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. The severity of each respective mechanism of pathophysiology can lead a patient to develop one condition versus another.Analysing NPH as a disorder of the cerebral vasculature, glymphatics, and most of all, the distribution of intracranial pulsatility, provides a novel framework through which to understand and manage this condition, one which requires further investigation.
Development and testing of a videogame intervention for symptom management among 8–18 years old children with cancer: a study protocol
Authors: Sajjad Sehrish , Gul Raisa B , Sayani Saleem , Fadoo Zehra , Abbasi Ahmed N , Barolia Rubina 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionEvidence shows that cancer treatment-related symptoms could be managed effectively in 8–18 years old children through Digital Health Interventions (DHIs), consequently improving their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, limited research is available about digitally mediated educative health interventions for children with cancer from lower-middle income countries like Pakistan. This study aims to develop a videogame intervention for children with cancer and test the clinical efficacy of the videogame concerning HRQOL and cancer treatment-related symptoms. Moreover, the following feasibility outcomes will be recorded: acceptability, appropriateness, cost, feasibility and intervention fidelity.Methods and analysisAn exploratory sequential mixed methods design is used in this study. In the first phase of the study, we interviewed 28 participants (14 child–parent dyads) and assessed their symptom experiences affecting children’s HRQOL. Moreover, their preferences for the development of the videogame were also elicited. Based on the findings from relevant literature and the interviews, we developed the videogame in collaboration with clinical and digital experts in the study’s second phase. In the third phase of the study, a pilot randomised controlled trial will be conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. There will be two groups: the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group children will receive the videogame application for 8 weeks, during which symptom management strategies will be taught to them. Children in the attention control group will receive weekly WhatsApp messages on healthy behaviours.The primary outcome will be the HRQOL of children, and the secondary outcome will be cancer symptoms frequency and distress. These outcomes will be assessed preintervention and 8 weeks post intervention. The feasibility outcomes will be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively through a questionnaire, videogame dashboard, interviews with a subset of intervention group child–parent dyads and a focus group discussion with nurses and doctors, post intervention, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Aga Khan University (2022-6833-21251). Data are accessible only to the research team in a secure form. The findings will be disseminated through publications.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT05796895, registered in April 2023.
Implications of space use for recovery of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in a transboundary reach of the Upper Columbia River
Authors: Jetter Caleb N. , Crossman James A. , McLellan Jason G. , Miller Andy L. , Webb Molly A.H. , Martins Eduardo G. 
Published: October 2024

Conservation aquaculture has prevented extirpation of Upper Columbia River white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, but uncertainty remains on how hatchery-origin fish move between habitats located within Canada and the United States. We describe how core and home ranges of sturgeon varied by environmental (country, season) and biological (age, sex, size) factors and determined residence at important habitats. Core range represented areas where individuals spent the majority of their time, while home range represented most areas occupied. Fidelity to specific habitats was high, with home ranges averaging 10 km2 and 50% of individuals occupied the same core range across their entire detection period. Only 12% of individuals had home ranges encompassing both countries. Core and home ranges were larger during the summer compared to winter and larger within the United States compared to Canada. Larger (>120 cm) sturgeon had increased core and home ranges. We documented spawning capable hatchery-origin males and confirmed their residence at spawning sites when spawning was detected. Results improve our understanding of species biology and directly inform adaptive management of population recovery.
Learning Robust Sequential Recommenders through Confident Soft Labels
Authors: Wu Shiguang , Xin Xin , Ren Pengjie , Chen Zhumin , Ma Jun , de Rijke Maarten , Ren Zhaochun 
Published: October 2024

Sequential recommenders that are trained on implicit feedback are usually learned as a multi-class classification task through softmax-based loss functions on one-hot class labels. However, one-hot training labels are sparse and may lead to biased training and sub-optimal performance. Dense, soft labels have been shown to help improve recommendation performance. However, how to generate high-quality and confident soft labels from noisy sequential interactions between users and items is still an open question.
We propose a new learning framework for sequential recommenders, CSRec, which introduces confident soft labels to provide robust guidance when learning from user–item interactions. CSRec contains a teacher module that generates high-quality and confident soft labels and a student module that acts as the target recommender and is trained on the combination of dense, soft labels and sparse, one-hot labels. We propose and compare three approaches to constructing the teacher module: (i) model-level, (ii) data-level, and (iii) training-level. To evaluate the effectiveness and generalization ability of CSRec, we conduct experiments using various state-of-the-art sequential recommendation models as the target student module on four benchmark datasets. Our experimental results demonstrate that CSRec is effective in training better-performing sequential recommenders.
Work‐Related Stress and Behavioural Correlates of Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Profiles in Female Nurses: A Latent Class Analysis Based on the Nurse Urinary Related Health Study
Authors: Gao Jie , Xu Dongjuan , Wu Chen , Li Ming , Ren Jieqiong , Rao Yongjuan , Wang Kefang 
Published: October 2024

Aims: This study aimed to identify symptom clusters in a population‐based sample of female nurses who reported experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and examine distinct risk factor profiles within each symptom cluster, with an emphasis on modifiable lifestyle and work‐related factors.Materials and Methods: This study included 6735 female nurses who reported experiencing at least one LUTS. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify symptom clusters by jointly modelling 11 symptoms. Analysis of variance, chi‐square tests and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine distinct risk factor profiles within each symptom cluster.Results: On average, female nurses experienced 2.2 symptoms. Four clusters were identified: the multiple severe symptoms (n = 546, 8%), incontinence symptoms (n = 2089, 31%), urgency–hesitancy symptoms (n = 3357, 50%) and nocturia symptoms (n = 743, 11%). Unique profiles of female nurses were associated with each symptom cluster and demonstrated the influential role of work‐related factors in the development of LUTS. These factors included a demanding workload, heightened levels of perceived stress, extended work hours, engagement in night shifts, infrequent and delayed voiding behaviours and restriction of fluid intake.Conclusions: Our findings substantiate the vulnerability of female nurses to LUTS, which is attributable to their demanding work environments. LUTS among female nurses should be recognised as an occupational hazard and remains an understood topic in the workplace, warranting attention and tailoring of intervention strategies.Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers should be aware that LUTS represent an occupational hazard for nurses and that high‐stress work environments and inappropriate urination behaviours adversely affect nurses’ bladder health. Addressing LUTS‐related issues requires increased staffing levels along with a fundamental shift in workplace culture. Fostering a culture of self‐care with an emphasis on bladder health promotion is imperative for nursing professionals and employed women.
Genomic Landscape of ctDNA and Real-World Outcomes in Advanced Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Soberanis Pina Pamela , Clemens Keelia , Bubie Adrian , Grant Brooke , Haynes Ginger , Zhang Nicole , Drusbosky Leylah , Lheureux Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
ctDNA is a novel technique extensively studied in solid tumors, although not currently well defined in endometrial cancer.

Experimental Design:
A de-identified retrospective analysis of 1,988 patients with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer was performed. In addition, an analysis of a real-world evidence cohort was completed (n = 1,266). Patients underwent ctDNA testing using Guardant360 during routine clinical care. The objective was to describe and assess molecular landscape using ctDNA.

Results:
Among 1,988 ctDNA samples, at least one somatic alteration was detected in 91.6% (n = 1,821). Most frequently altered genes were TP53 (64%), PIK3CA (29%), PTEN (25%), ARID1A (20%), and KRAS (14%). Overall, 18.5% had amplifications, with the majority identified in CCNE1 (40.9%), PIK3CA (22%), and EGFR (19.3%). From the real-world evidence cohort, those with TP53 mutations had a worse overall survival (OS) versus those without TP53 mutations (P = 0.02) and those with TP53 comutations had an inferior OS in comparison with TP53-mutated only (P = 0.016). Amongst these, patients with a PIK3CA comutation (P = 0.012) and CCNE1 amplification (P = 0.01) had an inferior OS compared with those with only TP53 mutations. Fifty-seven patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer had at least two serial ctDNA samples showing evolution in detected variants compared with baseline samples, with TP53 being the most frequent change.

Conclusions:
This study is one of the largest cohorts of ctDNA currently reported in endometrial cancer. The presence of TP53 mutation and other comutations detected by ctDNA have a negative effect on outcomes. This report suggests that ctDNA analysis is feasible and could become a useful biomarker for endometrial cancer.
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Hypertension Risk in the REGARDS Cohort Study
Authors: Oladele Carol R. , Khandpur Neha , Johnson Spencer , Yuan Ya , Wambugu Vivien , Plante Timothy B. , Lovasi Gina S. , Judd Suzanne 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
This study examined the longitudinal association between ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption and overall hypertension risk and explored the contribution of UPF to racial disparities in hypertension risk.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from 5957 participants from the REGARDS cohort study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke) who were free from hypertension during visit 1 (2003–2007), had complete dietary information at visit 1, and completed visit 2 (2013–2016). UPF consumption was measured using the Nova classification system and operationalized as percent calories and grams. The main outcome was incident hypertension. Logistic regression was used for analysis.

RESULTS:
Thirty-six percent of participants developed hypertension at visit 2. Results showed a positive linear relationship between UPF and hypertension incidence. Aggregate model results showed that participants in the highest UPF consumption quartile had 23% greater odds of incident hypertension compared with the lowest quartile. Multivariable results showed that Black and White participants in the highest consumption quartile had 1.26 (95% CI, 0.92–1.74) and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01–1.47) greater odds of hypertension compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. Analyses using UPF consumption as percent grams showed similar aggregate results; however, race-stratified results differed. Findings were not statistically significant among White participants (odds ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.89–1.33]) but showed higher risk of hypertension among Black participants in the highest versus lowest UPF quartiles (odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.01–2.02]).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrated that high consumption of UPF is associated with increased hypertension risk. Further research is warranted to better understand differences in the intakes of UPF subgroups that may underpin the racial differences in hypertension incidence observed with different UPF metrics.