bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms underlying Grateloupia imbricata (Rhodophyta) carposporogenesis induced by methyl jasmonate
Authors: Garcia‐Jimenez Pilar , Montero‐Fernández Montserrat , Robaina Rafael R. 
Published: October 2017

When applied in vitro, methyl jasmonate is sensed by the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricate, substantially and visually affecting its carposporogenesis. However, although there is some understanding of the morphological changes induced by methyl jasmonate in vitro, little is known about the genes that are involved in red seaweed carposporogenesis and how their protein products act. For the work reported herein, the expression of genes in red seaweed that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of methyl jasmonate (jasmonic acid carboxyl methyl transferase and a putative methyl transferase) was monitored. Additionally the genes involved in oxidation (cytochrome P450 and WD40), jasmonate synthesis, signal transduction, and regulation of reactive oxygen species (MYB), and reproduction (ornithine decarboxylase) were monitored. To determine when or if the aforementioned genes were expressed during cystocarp development, fertilized and fertile thalli were exposed to methyl jasmonate and gene expression was measured after 24 and 48 h. The results showed that methyl jasmonate promoted differential gene expression in fertilized thalli by 24 h and upregulated expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene only by 48 h in fertile thalli (0.75 ± 003 copies · μL−1 at 24 h vs. 1.11 ± 0.04 copies · μL−1 at 48 h). We conclude that Ornithine decarboxylase expression involves methyl jasmonate signaling as well as development and maturation of cystocarps.
Cell wall physicochemical properties determine the thallus biomineralization pattern of Padina gymnospora (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: de Carvalho Rodrigo Tomazetto , Rocha Gustavo Miranda , Paradas Wladimir Costa , Soares Angélica Ribeiro , Ank Guarino Gláucia , Passos Raoni Moreira Ferreira , Amado Filho Gilberto Menezes , Farina Marcos , Salgado Leonardo Tavares 
Published: October 2017

Approximately half of the Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) species mineralize aragonite needles over the adaxial thallus surface, where mineral bands are interspersed with nonmineralized regions along the thallus from the apical to basal end. However, this calcification pattern and the related algal properties are not well understood. Therefore, this work was performed to elucidate a potential role of cell walls in the inhibition/induction of mineralization in the brown alga Padina gymnospora. In a comparison of specific thallus regions, differences were identified in the cellulose distribution, microfibrils arrangement and thickness, distribution and abundance of phenolic substances, and physical differences among the surfaces of the thallus (deformation, adhesion, topography, and nano‐rugosity). In vitro mineralization assays indicated that phenolic substances are strong modulators of calcium carbonate crystals growth. In addition, de novo mineralization assays over cell wall surfaces that were used as templates, even without cellular activity, indicated that the cell wall remains a key factor in the induction/inhibition of mineralization. Overall, the current findings indicate a strong correlation between the physico‐chemical and structural properties of the cell wall and the alternation pattern of the mineralization bands over the thallus of P. gymnospora.
Family Narratives of Biliteracy
Authors: Kabuto Bobbie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article explores the concept of narratives of biliteracy or how two bilingual mothers defined biliteracy for their families through the construction of narratives. This study is approached through a theoretical discussion of narratives to investigate how the two families constructed certain versions of their realities as they observed, interpreted and made sense of their children's experiences in reading in two languages. After presenting each family's narrative, this study will explore how underlying these narratives are language‐driven ideologies that allowed each mother to construct different meanings of bilingualism and biliteracy for their families. The findings and conclusion suggest that these language‐driven ideologies were based on how the mothers discussed the positive and negative effects that learning in two languages has on their children's educational and transnational experiences.
Risk factors for resurgery in men with artificial urinary sphincter: Role of urethral strictures
Authors: Traverso Paolo , Mantica Guglielmo , Gallo Fabio , Benelli Andrea , Becco Davide , De Rose Aldo Franco , Simonato Alchiede 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the outcome of implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in male patients with iatrogenic urinary incontinence and to analyse possible risk factors for resurgery, with particular focus on the effects of posterior urethral strictures (US).MethodsThe outcomes of AUS implantation surgeries performed by 2 surgeons on consecutive patients between January 1999 and 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Univariate analysis with Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess correlations between resurgery (explantation or substitution of the urethral cuff) and risk factors. Hazard ratios (HR) associated with AUS survival and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and Kaplan–Meier were constructed. Patients who underwent resurgery for mechanical failure were excluded from the study.ResultsIn all, 73 male patients were monitored for a maximum of 190 months (median follow‐up duration 36 months). The risk of resurgery was 3.75‐fold greater in patients with than without stenosis (HR 3.75; 95% CI 1.47‐9.59). In addition, Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a significantly shorter AUS survival time in patients with than without stenosis treatment.ConclusionsPrior treatment for US increases the relative risk of AUS failure. Despite not being an absolute contraindication for AUS implantation, we suggest that patients with previous treatment for US are informed of potential risks.
Scalable Structural Modal Identification Using Dynamic Sensor Network Data with STRIDEX
Authors: Matarazzo Thomas J. , Pakzad Shamim N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article uses the formulation of the structural identification using expectation maximization (STRIDE) algorithm for compatibility with the truncated physical model (TPM) to enable scalable, output‐only modal identification using dynamic sensor network (DSN) data. The DSN data class is an adaptable and efficient technique for storing measurements from a very large number of sensing nodes, which is the case in mobile sensor networks and BIGDATA problems. In this article, the STRIDEX output‐only identification algorithm is proposed for the stochastic TPM to estimate structural modal properties (frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes) directly from DSN data. The spatial information produced by this novel algorithm, called STRIDEX (“X” for extended), is scalable, as demonstrated in a strategy to construct high‐resolution mode shapes from a single DSN data set using a series of independent identification runs. The ability to extract detailed structural system information from DSN data in a computationally scalable framework is a step toward mobile infrastructure informatics in a large urban setting. The performance of the STRIDEX algorithm is demonstrated, using the simulated response of a 5,000 DOF structure, and experimentally, using measurements from two mobile sensor cars, which scanned about 8,000 points on a beam specimen in the laboratory. In the experimental results, a mobile sensor is shown to provide over 120 times more mode shape points than a fixed sensor.
Disruption of calcineurin catalytic subunit (cnaA) in Epichloë festucae induces symbiotic defects and intrahyphal hyphae formation
Authors: Mitic Milena , Berry Daniel , Brasell Emma , Green Kimberly , Young Carolyn A. , Saikia Sanjay , Rakonjac Jasna , Scott Barry 
Published: October 2017

SummaryCalcineurin is a conserved calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein phosphatase, consisting of a catalytic subunit A and a regulatory subunit B, which is involved in calcium‐dependent signalling and regulation of various important cellular processes. In this study, we functionally characterized the catalytic subunit A (CnaA) of the endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae which forms a symbiotic association with the grass host Lolium perenne. We deleted the CnaA‐encoding gene cnaA in E. festucae and examined its role in hyphal growth, cell wall integrity and symbiosis. This ΔcnaA strain had a severe growth defect with loss of radial growth and hyper‐branched hyphae. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy analysis of the mutant revealed cell wall defects, aberrant septation and the formation of intrahyphal hyphae, both in culture and in planta. The mutant strain also showed a reduced infection rate in planta. The fluorescence of mutant hyphae stained with WGA‐AF488 was reduced, indicating reduced chitin accessibility. Together, these results show that E. festucae CnaA is required for fungal growth, maintaining cell wall integrity and host colonization.
Renoprotective effects of topiroxostat for Hyperuricaemic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy study (ETUDE study): A prospective, randomized, multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Mizukoshi Toshihiro , Kato Sawako , Ando Masahiko , Sobajima Hiroshi , Ohashi Norimi , Naruse Tomohiko , Saka Yosuke , Shimizu Hideaki , Nagata Takanobu , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAimWe aimed to evaluate the anti‐albuminuric effects of topiroxostat in Japanese hyperuricaemic patients with diabetic nephropathy.MethodsIn this 24‐week, multicentre, open‐label, randomized (1 : 1) trial, we assigned hyperuricaemic patients with diabetic nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 20 mL/min per 1.73m2) and overt proteinuria (0.3 ≤ urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) <3.5 g/g Cr) to either high dose (160 mg daily) or low dose (40 mg daily) topiroxostat. The primary endpoint was the change in albuminuria indicated by urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) from the baseline at the final time point.ResultsA total of 80 patients underwent randomization. The changes in UACR after 24 weeks of treatment (or at the final time point if patients failed to reach 24 weeks) relative to the baseline were −122 mg/gCr (95% CI: −5.1 to −240.1, P = 0.041) in patients treated with high dose, while treatment with low dose topiroxostat could not show significant reduction (P = 0.067). In the linear mixed model including baseline albuminuria, eGFR, age, and sex as covariates, the decreases in UACR were still significant from baseline to 12 weeks by 228.7 ± 83.2 mg/gCr (P = 0.0075) in the high dose group. The adverse‐event profile during this study was not different between the groups.ConclusionTopiroxostat 160 mg daily reduced albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. (Funded by Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho; Trial registration, UMIN000015403).
Relaxation of tyrosine pathway regulation underlies the evolution of betalain pigmentation in Caryophyllales
Authors: Lopez‐Nieves Samuel , Yang Ya , Timoneda Alfonso , Wang Minmin , Feng Tao , Smith Stephen A. , Brockington Samuel F. , Maeda Hiroshi A. 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Diverse natural products are synthesized in plants by specialized metabolic enzymes, which are often lineage‐specific and derived from gene duplication followed by functional divergence. However, little is known about the contribution of primary metabolism to the evolution of specialized metabolic pathways.

Betalain pigments, uniquely found in the plant order Caryophyllales, are synthesized from the aromatic amino acid l‐tyrosine (Tyr) and replaced the otherwise ubiquitous phenylalanine‐derived anthocyanins. This study combined biochemical, molecular and phylogenetic analyses, and uncovered coordinated evolution of Tyr and betalain biosynthetic pathways in Caryophyllales.

We found that Beta vulgaris, which produces high concentrations of betalains, synthesizes Tyr via plastidic arogenate dehydrogenases (TyrAa/ADH) encoded by two ADH genes (BvADHα and BvADHβ). Unlike BvADHβ and other plant ADHs that are strongly inhibited by Tyr, BvADHα exhibited relaxed sensitivity to Tyr. Also, Tyr‐insensitive BvADHα orthologs arose during the evolution of betalain pigmentation in the core Caryophyllales and later experienced relaxed selection and gene loss in lineages that reverted from betalain to anthocyanin pigmentation, such as Caryophyllaceae.

These results suggest that relaxation of Tyr pathway regulation increased Tyr production and contributed to the evolution of betalain pigmentation, highlighting the significance of upstream primary metabolic regulation for the diversification of specialized plant metabolism.
Postaxial limb hypoplasia (PALH): the classification, clinical features, and related developmental biology
Authors: Zhang Zeng , Yi Dan , Xie Rong , Hamilton John L. , Kang Qing‐Lin , Chen Di 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPostaxial limb hypoplasia (PALH) is a group of nonhereditary diseases with congenital lower limb deficiency affecting the fibular ray, including fibular hemimelia, proximal femoral focal deficiency, and tarsal coalition. The etiology and the developmental biology of the anomaly are still not fully understood. Here, we review the previous classification systems, present the clinical features, and discuss the developmental biology of PALH.
Making sense of frailty: An ethnographic study of the experience of older people living with complex health problems
Authors: Skilbeck Julie Kathryn , Arthur Antony , Seymour Jane 
Published: October 2017

AimTo explore how older people with complex health problems experience frailty in their daily lives.BackgroundA better understanding of the personal experience of frailty in the context of fluctuating ill‐health has the potential to contribute to the development of personalised approaches to care planning and delivery.DesignAn ethnographic study of older people, living at home, receiving support from a community matron service in a large city in the North of England.MethodsUp to six care encounters with each of ten older people, and their community matron, were observed at monthly intervals, over a period of time ranging from 4 to 11 months. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the older participants in their own homes. Fieldwork took place over a 4‐year period. Data analysis was undertaken using the constant comparative method.FindingsThe experience of frailty was understood through the construction of four themes: Fluctuating ill‐health and the disruption of daily living; Changes to the management of daily living; Frailty as fear, anxiety and uncertainty; Making sense of changes to health and daily living.ConclusionsOlder people work hard to shape and maintain daily routines in the context of complicated and enduring transitions in health and illness. However, they experience episodic moments of frailty, often articulated as uncertainty, where daily living becomes precarious and their resilience is threatened. Developing an understanding of the personal experiences of frail older people in the context of transition has the potential to inform nursing practice in person‐centred care .Implications for practiceNurses need to support frail older people to maintain independence and continuity of personhood in the context of daily routines.
Treatment of obsessive morbid jealousy with cognitive analytic therapy: An adjudicated hermeneutic single‐case efficacy design evaluation
Authors: Curling Louise , Kellett Stephen , Totterdell Peter , Parry Glenys , Hardy Gillian , Berry Katherine 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe evidence base for the treatment of morbid jealousy with integrative therapies is thin. This study explored the efficacy of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT).DesignAn adjudicated hermeneutic single‐case efficacy design evaluated the cognitive analytic treatment of a patient meeting diagnostic criteria for obsessive morbid jealousy.MethodA rich case record was developed using a matrix of nomothetic and ideographic quantitative and qualitative outcomes. This record was then debated by sceptic and affirmative research teams. Experienced psychotherapy researchers acted as judges, assessed the original case record, and heard the affirmative‐versus‐sceptic debate. Judges pronounced an opinion regarding the efficacy of the therapy.ResultsThe efficacy of CAT was supported by all three judges. Each ruled that change had occurred due to the action of the therapy, beyond any level of reasonable doubt.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates the potential usefulness of CAT in treating morbid jealousy and suggests that CAT is conceptually well suited. Suggestions for future clinical and research directions are provided.Practitioner points

The relational approach of CAT makes it a suitable therapy for morbid jealousy.

The narrative reformulation component of CAT appears to facilitate early change in chronic jealousy patterns.

It is helpful for therapists during sessions to use CAT theory to diagrammatically spell out the patterns maintaining jealousy.
The interaction between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and sun exposure around time of diagnosis influences melanoma survival
Authors: Orlow Irene , Shi Yang , Kanetsky Peter A. , Thomas Nancy E. , Luo Li , Corrales‐Guerrero Sergio , Cust Anne E. , Sacchetto Lidia , Zanetti Roberto , Rosso Stefano , Armstrong Bruce K. , Dwyer Terence , Venn Alison , Gallagher Richard P. , Gruber Stephen B. , Marrett Loraine D. , Anton‐Culver Hoda , Busam Klaus , Begg Colin B. , Berwick Marianne ,   the GEM Study Group
Published: October 2017

SummaryEvidence on the relationship between the vitamin D pathway and outcomes in melanoma is growing, although it is not always clear. We investigated the impact of measured levels of sun exposure at diagnosis on associations of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms and melanoma death in 3336 incident primary melanoma cases. Interactions between six SNPs and a common 3′‐end haplotype were significant (p < .05). These SNPs, and a haplotype, had a statistically significant association with survival among subjects exposed to high UVB in multivariable regression models and exerted their effect in the opposite direction among those with low UVB. SNPs rs1544410/BsmI and rs731236/TaqI remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. These results suggest that the association between VDR and melanoma‐specific survival is modified by sun exposure around diagnosis, and require validation in an independent study. Whether the observed effects are dependent or independent of vitamin D activation remains to be determined.
Effects of maternal separation and antidepressant drug on epigenetic regulation of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor exon I promoter in the adult rat hippocampus
Authors: Park Sung Woo , Seo Mi Kyoung , Lee Jung Goo , Hien Le Thi , Kim Young Hoon 
Published: October 2017

AimEarly life stress can induce epigenetic changes through genetic and environmental interactions and is a risk factor for depression. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant drug action. We investigated epigenetic changes at the BDNF exon I promoter in the hippocampus of adult rats subjected to maternal separation (MS) during early life and treated with an antidepressant drug as adults.MethodsRat pups were subjected to MS from postnatal day 1 to 21 and received chronic escitalopram (ESC) as adults. We assessed the effects of MS and ESC on BDNF exon I and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) mRNA levels (quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction), acetylated histone H3, and MeCP2 binding to the BDNF promoter I (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction), and BDNF protein levels (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay).ResultsThe levels of BDNF protein, exon I mRNA, histone H3 acetylation, and DNMT1 and DNMT3a mRNA were altered in the MS group compared with the control group. Significant decreases were observed in the BDNF protein, exon I mRNA, and histone H3 acetylation levels and there were significant increases in DNMT1 and DNMT3a mRNA levels. The comparison between the MS + ESC and MS groups revealed significant increases in BDNF protein, exon I mRNA, and histone H3 acetylation levels and significant decreases in MeCP2 and DNMT1 and DNMT3a mRNA levels.ConclusionThese findings indicate that MS induced epigenetic changes at the BDNF exon I promoter and these changes were prevented by antidepressant drug treatment during adulthood.
The complex relationship among arteriovenous access, heart, and circulation
Authors: Basile Carlo , Lomonte Carlo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere are currently near 400 000 patients on hemodialysis in the United States. More than 50% of those treated by chronic hemodialysis die because of a cardiovascular (CV) event. The majority of these patients have functional arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). AVFs have an adverse effect on cardiac function, but their exact contribution to CV morbidity is not clear. It has long been known that a vascular access with an inappropriately high‐flow rate may cause high‐output heart failure. Paradoxically, there may be hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary benefits conferred by AVF particularly in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While Brescia‐Cimino`s basic idea of the AVF has saved millions of lives, we would like to stress that there are dangers from their often high blood flow rates, which unfortunately have proved difficult to evaluate.
What is preserved in the aeolian rock record? A Jurassic Entrada Sandstone case study at the Utah–Arizona border
Authors: Kocurek Gary , Day Mackenzie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAeolian dune fields evolve from protodunes and small dunes into a pattern of progressively fewer, larger and more widely spaced dunes within limits defined by boundary conditions. However, the allogenic boundary conditions that promote aeolian dune‐field development, accumulation of strata and preservation of accumulated strata are not the same. Autogenic processes, such as dune interactions, scour‐depth variation along migrating dunes and substrate cannibalization by growing dunes, result in removal of the stratigraphic record. Moreover, dune‐field events may be collapsed into major erosional bounding surfaces. The question is what stages of evolving dune fields are represented in the rock record? This case study of ca 60 m of Jurassic Entrada Sandstone on the Utah/Arizona border (USA) defines stratigraphic intervals by gross architecture of bounding surfaces and sets of cross‐strata. The interpreted intervals in stratigraphic order consist of: (i) a lower sabkha bed that transitions upward into erosional remnants of small sets representing an initial wet aeolian system; (ii) large, compound cross‐strata representing a mature dune field; (iii) isolated scour‐fill representing negatively climbing dunes that produced ca 25 m of palaeo‐topographic relief; (iv) downlapping sets that fill the landscape‐scale relief; (v) four intervals of stacked climbing sets that each represent short periods of time; and (vi) an upper sabkha bed that again transitions into small sets representing a wet system. Accumulations appear to be associated with sediment pulses, a rising water table, and filling of scoured troughs and landscape‐scale depressions. Preservation of the accumulations is selective and associated with a rising water table, burial and subsidence. The preserved record appears remarkably incomplete. Speculation about missing strata gravitates towards cannibalization of the record of early dune‐field construction, and strata removed during the formation of bounding surfaces. This local Entrada record is thought to represent a point in the spectrum of preservation styles in the rock record.