bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual cues of motion that trigger animacy perception at birth: the case of self‐propulsion
Authors: Di Giorgio Elisa , Lunghi Marco , Simion Francesca , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSelf‐propelled motion is a powerful cue that conveys information that an object is animate. In this case, animate refers to an entity's capacity to initiate motion without an applied external force. Sensitivity to this motion cue is present in infants that are a few months old, but whether this sensitivity is experience‐dependent or is already present at birth is unknown. Here, we tested newborns to examine whether predispositions to process self‐produced motion cues underlying animacy perception were present soon after birth. We systematically manipulated the onset of motion by self‐propulsion (Experiment 1) and the change in trajectory direction in the presence or absence of direct contact with an external object (Experiments 2 and 3) to investigate how these motion cues determine preference in newborns. Overall, data demonstrated that, at least at birth, the self‐propelled onset of motion is a crucial visual cue that allowed newborns to differentiate between self‐ and non‐self‐propelled objects (Experiment 1) because when this cue was removed, newborns did not manifest any visual preference (Experiment 2), even if they were able to discriminate between the stimuli (Experiment 3). To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at identifying sensitivity in human newborns to the most basic and rudimentary motion cues that reliably trigger perceptions of animacy in adults. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis of the existence of inborn predispositions to visual cues of motion that trigger animacy perception in adults.
Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of stereo‐electroencephalography–related complications
Authors: Mullin Jeffrey P. , Shriver Michael , Alomar Soha , Najm Imad , Bulacio Juan , Chauvel Patrick , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveStereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) is a procedure performed for patients with intractable epilepsy in order to anatomically define the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and the possible related functional cortical areas. By avoiding the need for large craniotomies and due to its intrinsic precision placement features, SEEG may be associated with fewer complications. Nevertheless, intracerebral electrodes have gained a reputation of excessive invasiveness, with a “relatively high morbidity” associated with their placement. A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of SEEG complications has not been previously performed. The goal of this study is to quantitatively review the incidence of various surgical complications associated with SEEG electrode implantation in the literature and to provide a summary estimate. This will allow physicians to accurately counsel their patients about the potential complications related to this method of extraoperative invasive monitoring.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). We conducted MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science database searches with the search algorithm. We analyzed complication rates using a fixed‐effects model with inverse variance weighting. Calculations for the meta‐analysis and construction of forest plots were completed using an established spreadsheet. The principal summary measures were the effect summary value and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe initial 1,901 retrieved citations were reviewed. After removing 787 duplicates, the titles and abstracts of 1,114 publications were screened. At this stage, studies that did not mention the absence or presence of complications following SEEG or that did not fulfill the inclusion criteria in any manner were excluded. After excluding 1,057 citations, the full text was assessed in the resulting 57 articles for eligibility criteria. The most common complications were hemorrhagic (pooled prevalence 1.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–1.4%) or infectious (pooled prevalence 0.8%, 95% CI 0.3–1.2%). Five mortalities were identified (pooled prevalence 0.3%, 95% CI −0.1–0.6%). Overall, our analysis identified 121 surgical complications related to SEEG insertion and monitoring (pooled prevalence 1.3%, 95% CI 0.9–1.7%).SignificanceThis review represents a comprehensive estimation of the actual incidence of complications related to SEEG. We report a rate substantially lower than the complication rates reported for other methods of extraoperative invasive monitoring. These data should alleviate the concerns of some regarding the safety of the “stereotactic” method, allowing a better decision process among the different methods of invasive monitoring and ameliorating the fear associated with the placement of depth electrodes.
Predictors of and attitudes toward counseling about SUDEP and other epilepsy risk factors among Austrian, German, and Swiss neurologists and neuropediatricians
Authors: Strzelczyk Adam , Zschebek Gerda , Bauer Sebastian , Baumgartner Christoph , Grond Martin , Hermsen Anke , Kieslich Matthias , Krämer Günter , Kurlemann Gerhard , May Theodor W. , Mayer Thomas , Neubauer Bernd A. , Pfäfflin Margarete , Plecko Barbara , Ryvlin Philippe , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Stefan Hermann , Trinka Eugen , Knake Susanne , Seifart Carola , Rosenow Felix 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo examine the attitudes toward counseling about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and other epilepsy risk factors among Austrian, German, and Swiss neurologists and neuropediatricians, and to determine factors associated with not discussing SUDEP.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to approximately 5,000 neurologists and neuropediatricians in 2014 regarding respondents’ demographics, their working environments, and how often they discussed SUDEP, suicidal ideations on anticonvulsive medication, driving restrictions, and risks in daily life activities.ResultsIn total, 519 surveys were completed (respondents’ mean age: 45.5 years, 41.6% female, 66.9% adult neurologists, 31.0% neuropediatricians). A minority of 2.7% reported that they counseled all of their patients on SUDEP, 8.7% counseled most of the time (50–90%), 20.8% sometimes (10–49%), 44.5% rarely (1–9%), and 23.3% reported not counseling about SUDEP at all. In contrast, 92.9% reported that they counseled all patients about driving restrictions and 81.5% about risks in daily life activities. Suicidal ideations were discussed in 59.0% for some and in 3.3% for all patients, whereas 35.1% of respondents reported never discussing suicidal ideations. Independent predictors of not discussing SUDEP were no additional epilepsy training, no or uncertain SUDEP cases in the past, <10 years in practice, <25 epilepsy patients seen per quarter, and the opinion of a lack of consequences in SUDEP prevention. The opinion that SUDEP is a risk factor in particular patient groups and the attitude that all risks should be discussed predicted counseling on SUDEP.SignificanceOur findings show a discrepancy between guidelines and practice regarding the discussion of premature mortality due to SUDEP or suicidality. Both are not discussed at all by a substantial proportion of neurologists and neuropediatricians. This is in contrast to ubiquitous education about driving restrictions. Dissemination of knowledge among physicians about potential preventive strategies might increase the likelihood of discussion. Clinical practice guidelines are welcomed by the majority of physicians in this process.
Campus Diversity and Global Education: A Case Study of a Japanese Program
Authors: Mori Junko , Takeuchi Jae DiBello 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe recent influx of international students from Asia to the United States has drastically changed the demographics of students studying languages, including languages other than English, in many large universities. For some languages, it is not uncommon for international students from Asia to constitute more than 50% of current enrollments in a language class. This new reality poses a number of questions, including how to meet students' diverse needs and goals for language study and how to mobilize increasing student diversity to enhance the development of global competence among all students, regardless of country of origin. Using semi‐structured exploratory interviews conducted with domestic and international students of Japanese as a foreign language at an American university, this study investigated the challenges and opportunities presented in the globalized language classroom.
Resilience of aquatic net‐spinning caddisfly silk structures to common global stressors
Authors: Albertson Lindsey K. , Daniels Melinda D. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryTwo of the most common consequences resulting from land use and climate change are increased fine sediment loads and shifts in hydrological regimes in freshwater ecosystems.Although a growing number of studies indicate that these stressors are likely to directly affect community composition and organism physiology, little is known about how biological structures produced by aquatic organisms might respond. For example, hydropsychid caddisflies (Trichoptera) are a group of globally distributed aquatic insects that spin silk mesh nets that they use to filter feed. These silk mesh nets are important ecosystem engineering structures in flowing waters that can regulate sediment erosion, food particle delivery by altering near‐bed current velocities, and enhance habitat availability for other macroinvertebrates.We conducted two experiments in laboratory mesocosms to assess the effects of increased fine sediment and drought on hydropsychid caddisfly silk. We compared silk thread diameter, thread count, mesh pore area, and thread tensile strength across treatments in which the silk nets were exposed to high levels of total suspended solids or to stream drying over 2 weeks.We found that caddisfly silk was resilient to both forms of stress and maintained its overall structure and tensile strength.Our findings indicate that biological silk structures may be viable ecosystem engineering tools following short‐lived disturbances associated with increased sediment loads and drying events. Caddisfly silk may be resilient to various forms of environmental change, with important consequences for recovery of aquatic communities.
Surrounding vegetation matters for arthropods of small, natural patches of indigenous forest
Authors: Yekwayo Inam , Pryke James S. , Roets Francois , Samways Michael J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Natural forests are important for terrestrial biodiversity conservation. In South Africa, many forest patches are naturally small and surrounded by either natural grassland or exotic plantations.

Here we compared arthropod diversity and composition among natural forest patches, pine plantations and grassland. We also assess how arthropod assemblages respond to the environmental changes at the boundaries between natural forest patches and the two different surrounding vegetation types.

Twenty transects were selected, ten natural forests surrounded by pines, and ten natural forests surrounded by natural grassland. Transects ran from natural forest interiors, across the boundary into the interior of the surrounding vegetation. Arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps and active searches.

Natural forests surrounded by grassland had higher species richness than those surrounded by pines. Greater arthropod abundance was in grassland edges than other stations. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in assemblages between all vegetation types. This implies that forest biodiversity in these patches is altered by the main vegetation type in the matrix or in close proximity. Qualitative differences in assemblages between natural forest‐grassland boundaries were greater than differences between natural forest‐pine boundaries, indicating greater sharing of species between pines and natural forests.

Our findings emphasise the value of natural forest‐grassland edges for conserving arthropod diversity as they add to the local species pool. Overall, we show that when maintaining small isolated natural forest patches, the role of the surrounding vegetation must be considered as it has a major influence on the local patch fauna.
Effect of acid whey on physicochemical characteristics of dry‐cured organic pork loins without nitrite
Authors: Stadnik Joanna , Stasiak Dariusz M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe present study deals with the effect of acid whey (AW) on physicochemical properties of non‐nitrite organic dry‐cured pork loins. The loins were divided into three experimental batches: with the curing mixture (C), with sea salt (S) and with sea salt combined with AW (SW). The evolution of physicochemical properties, colour, fatty acid profile and microbiological quality were assessed at 0, 30 and 90 days of refrigerated storage. Physicochemical parameters of dry‐cured organic loins were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by treatment, storage time and the interaction between them. Sea salt in combination with AW was the most successful at reducing the browning reaction involved in the formation of dark colour in dry‐cured loins. Significant reduction in a* value (P < 0.05) caused by replacement of curing salt by sea salt has been less pronounced in sample with AW. Storage diminished (P < 0.01) initial differences in profile of SFA, MUFA and n‐3 induced by treatment method. AW added to uncured loins was able to protect PUFA against oxidation comparable to nitrite. The highest count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dry‐cured loins with AW was accompanied by their lower pH (P < 0.05).
Physicochemical characterisation of corn extrudates prepared with varying levels of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) at different extrusion temperatures
Authors: Singh Jatinder Pal , Kaur Amritpal , Shevkani Khetan , Singh Narpinder , Singh Baljit 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study examines the effect of beetroot powder (BRP) incorporation (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) at different extrusion temperatures (125, 150 and 175 °C) on the physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of corn grit (CG) extrudates. BRP showed higher values of total phenolic content (TPC = 9095 μg GAE g−1) and free radical inhibition (ABTS = 6.5 μm trolox mg−1 and DPPH = 7.9 μm trolox mg−1) than CG (1346 μg GAE g−1, 1.5 μm trolox mg−1 and 2.2 μm trolox mg−1, respectively). Pasting viscosity (peak, breakdown and final) decreased, while pasting temperature of CG increased with the level of BRP incorporation. Analyses of the extrudates showed an increase in redness, bulk density, hardness, TPC, free radical inhibition, total dietary fibre (TDF) and a decrease in water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), expansion ratio and oil uptake with the increase in the level of BRP incorporation. On the other hand, higher extrusion temperature increased porosity, WAI, WSI, oil uptake but decreased redness, bulk density, hardness and TPC.
How digital storytelling is used in mental health: A scoping review
Authors: De Vecchi Nadia , Kenny Amanda , Dickson‐Swift Virginia , Kidd Susan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe creative arts can be used to support stakeholders of mental health services to communicate and share their lived experience. Digital storytelling is one method that has been used to capture people's lived experience. In this scoping review, we were interested in mapping how digital storytelling has been used in mental health, and to identify gaps in the literature. Nine databases were searched to identify peer reviewed literature published between January 2000 and August 2015; 15 articles were included in the review. The articles were categorized across four broad areas: educational interventions, learning skills, learning about other people's lived experience, and learning about personal lived experience. We identify that while digital storytelling has potential as a participatory process to promote mutual understanding of and empathy towards lived experiences in mental health, there is a dearth of research in this area. More research is needed on the use of digital storytelling in mental health to determine its effectiveness in progressing a recovery orientation in service provision that is built on solidarity and a social justice agenda.
Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review
Authors: French Clare E. , McKenzie Bruce C. , Coope Caroline , Rajanaidu Subhadra , Paranthaman Karthik , Pebody Richard , Nguyen‐Van‐Tam Jonathan S. ,   Noso‐RSV Study Group, Higgins Julian P. T. , Beck Charles R. 
Published: February 2016

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a significant public health burden, and outbreaks among vulnerable patients in hospital settings are of particular concern. We reviewed published and unpublished literature from hospital settings to assess: (i) nosocomial RSV transmission risk (attack rate) during outbreaks, (ii) effectiveness of infection control measures. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, together with key websites, journals and grey literature, to end of 2012. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool or Newcastle–Ottawa scale. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Forty studies were included (19 addressing research question one, 21 addressing question two). RSV transmission risk varied by hospital setting; 6–56% (median: 28·5%) in neonatal/paediatric settings (n = 14), 6–12% (median: 7%) in adult haematology and transplant units (n = 3), and 30–32% in other adult settings (n = 2). For question two, most studies (n = 13) employed multi‐component interventions (e.g. cohort nursing, personal protective equipment (PPE), isolation), and these were largely reported to be effective in reducing nosocomial transmission. Four studies examined staff PPE; eye protection appeared more effective than gowns and masks. One study reported on RSV prophylaxis for patients (RSV‐Ig/palivizumab); there was no statistical evidence of effectiveness although the sample size was small. Overall, risk of bias for included studies tended to be high. We conclude that RSV transmission risk varies widely during hospital outbreaks. Although multi‐component control strategies appear broadly successful, further research is required to disaggregate the effectiveness of individual components including the potential role of palivizumab prophylaxis.
Black Consciousness as Overcoming Hermeneutical Injustice
Authors: Hull George 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe ideas of the South African Black Consciousness Movement developed as an intellectual response to the situation of black South Africans under apartheid. Though influential, Black Consciousness ideas about how the injustice of apartheid was to be conceptualised, and what form resistance to it consequently needed to take, have always awoken controversy. Here I defend the original Black Consciousness theorists, Bantu Steve Biko and Nyameko Barney Pityana, against charges of racial inherentism, espousing a prescriptive conception of black identity, and racism. I argue that, on Biko and Pityana's account, a central aspect of the injustice of South African apartheid was a hermeneutical injustice – at first deliberately perpetrated, but structurally self‐reproducing – against the oppressed groups. Thus illuminated, I argue, the ideas of the original Black Consciousness theorists have great plausibility, connect interestingly with contemporary thinking about race and justice, and are of practical relevance today both in South Africa and elsewhere.
Prosthetic treatment outcome in patients with severe hypodontia: a systematic review
Authors: Filius M. A. , Cune M. S. , Raghoebar G. M. , Vissink A. , Visser A. 
Published: February 2016

SummarySevere hypodontia (≥6 missing teeth) is associated with aesthetic and functional problems. Its presentation is heterogenic, and a variety of treatment modalities are used resulting in different treatment outcomes. As there is currently no standard treatment approach for patients with severe hypodontia, the literature was systematically reviewed with the focus on treatment outcomes. Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched (last search 24 August 2015). This was completed with a manual search of the reference lists of the selected studies. To be included, studies had to describe dental treatment outcome measure(s) in patients with severe hypodontia; there were no language restrictions. The methodological quality was assessed using MINORS criteria. Twenty‐one studies were eligible, but the diversity in type and quality did not allow for a meta‐analysis; seventeen studies had a retrospective design; sixteen studies described the results of implant treatment. Treatment with (partial) dentures, orthodontics, fixed crowns or bridges was sparsely presented in the eligible studies. Implant survival, the most frequently reported treatment outcome, ranging from 35·7% to 98·7%, was influenced by ‘location’ and ‘bone volume’. The results of implant treatment in severe hypodontia patients are promising, but due to its heterogenic presentation, its low prevalence and the poor quality of the studies, evidence‐based decision‐making in the treatment of severe hypodontia is not yet feasible, thus prompting further research.
Red ginseng and vitamin C increase immune cell activity and decrease lung inflammation induced by influenza A virus/H1N1 infection
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Jang Mirim , Kim Yejin , Choi Jiyea , Jeon Jane , Kim Jihoon , Hwang Young-il , Kang Jae Seung , Lee Wang Jae 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Because red ginseng and vitamin C have immunomodulatory function and anti-viral effect, we investigated whether red ginseng and vitamin C synergistically regulate immune cell function and suppress viral infection.

Methods
Red ginseng and vitamin C were treated to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected BCBL-1, and administrated to Gulo(−/−) mice, which are incapable of synthesizing vitamin C, with or without influenza A virus/H1N1 infection.

Key findings
Red ginseng and vitamin C increased the expression of CD25 and CD69 of PBMCs and natural killer (NK) cells. Co-treatment of them decreased cell viability and lytic gene expression in BCBL-1. In Gulo(−/−) mice, red ginseng and vitamin C increased the expression of NKp46, a natural cytotoxic receptor of NK cells and interferon (IFN)-γ production. Influenza infection decreased the survival rate, and increased inflammation and viral plaque accumulation in the lungs of vitamin C-depleted Gulo(−/−) mice, which were remarkably reduced by red ginseng and vitamin C supplementation.

Conclusions
Administration of red ginseng and vitamin C enhanced the activation of immune cells like T and NK cells, and repressed the progress of viral lytic cycle. It also reduced lung inflammation caused by viral infection, which consequently increased the survival rate.