bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La « niche écologique islamo-occidentale », matrice de la radicalisation islamiste
Authors: Lamote Thierry , Benslama Fethi 
Published: November 2017

Durant la dernière décennie, une profusion de travaux a été produite sur la radicalisation, aussi bien des études scientifiques que des préconisations d’experts, destinées aux politiques d’accompagnement et de prévention. L’état de l’art montre cependant que ces études, tant théoriques que pratiques, ne disent rien des mécanismes psychologiques qui fondent les convictions du sujet radicalisé, ni des processus qui conduisent au renoncement à ces convictions, ou qui aboutissent à leur résistance. C’est là précisément le but de notre exploration. Fondée sur une approche clinique d’orientation analytique, elle vise à interroger, via une analyse des processus psychologiques impliqués, le lien que chaque sujet « radicalisé » entretient avec sa croyance, le contexte singulier qui l’a incité à l’adopter ainsi que les modalités par lesquelles il pourrait être amené à l’abandonner, une fois celle-ci devenue obsolète au regard du malaise, voire des troubles psychiques, qu’elle était supposée résoudre. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous situerons les processus psychologiques qui nous intéressent à différentes échelles des réalités humaines qui les englobent : les niveaux macro (civilisation contemporaine), meso (cultures locales avec effets de « niche écologique ») et micro (l’individu, le sujet).
A special kind of choice made by middle aged men: Erotology of noonday demon
Authors: Dimitriadis Yorgos 
Published: November 2017

Le terme français « démon de midi » illustre, parmi d’autres, la tendance de certains hommes d’âge moyen à chercher une partenaire parmi les jeunes filles en fleur, ce qui peut les conduire à abandonner leur vie de famille. Cette tendance ne doit pas être reliée au seul sentiment de rétrécissement de la vie, mais aussi à l’angoisse de castration – qui est symbolisée, pour ces hommes, par la dégradation du corps liée à l’âge. Cependant, par-dessus tout, cette rencontre d’un homme mûr avec la passion amoureuse pour la jeunesse d’une femme (ou de femmes) indique généralement un type de choix d’objet narcissique, ainsi qu’une prédisposition fétichiste quant au choix d’objet d’amour. Cette « nympholepsie » constitue également souvent une renégociation avec leur « refoulé », dont le résultat varie en fonction des cas.
La formulation contractuelle de l’intérêt général entre droits et intérêts particuliers
Authors: Perrin Florence 
Published: November 2017

En faisant du sujet de droit la prémisse anthropologique de la société, la modernité bouleverse la nature de l’intérêt général qui se mesure désormais à l’aune des aspirations individuelles. L’intérêt général est moins un principe qu’une notion relationnelle, qui articule, par le moyen du contrat, la composition des droits et des intérêts particuliers. Pourtant, la réciprocité initiale entre le droit et l’intérêt débouche sur une tension contrariant le projet de composer un intérêt général apte à les satisfaire également. L’étude conjointe de deux auteurs, Thomas Hobbes et John Locke, permet de saisir que la priorité accordée à l’un des deux pôles, le droit et l’intérêt, aboutit à des pensées politiques radicalement divergentes, selon qu’elles portent l’accent sur l’exigence de la justice ou sur la poursuite de l’utilité sociale. Parce que la satisfaction des intérêts menace parfois de se retourner contre les droits, tandis que la protection des droits tend à discriminer les intérêts, la question se pose de savoir si l’univocité de la formule « intérêt général » ne masque pas une dualité dans sa nature, rendant problématique son statut d’idéal régulateur pour les sociétés modernes.
Impact of density and sex-dependent larval competition on selected life history traits ofDrosophila melanogaster(Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Roy Sohini Singha , Aditya Gautam , Ghosh Sujay 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn assessment of the effects of competitive behaviour and sex on seven selected life history traits ofDrosophila melanogasterMeigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was made under precisely regulated larval density. Contrary to the conditions of crowding, as considered in many previous studies, the low scale of density enabled assessment of the life history traits at the individual level with higher precision and low variations. The 0-day-old first instars were reared with the relative density of 1,2, 3, and 4 individuals with optimal food until the adults emerged. The life history traits like age at pupation, age at eclosion, adult body weight, adult body length, wing length, and adult survival were used as response variables. Both the density and sex of the competitors were considered as predictors of the life history traits and a stronger effect was evident in the female sex than in males, which is statistically significant. Result also revealed the effect of competitive behaviour was more intense in case of same sex competitors than of opposite sex. In all instances, the life history traits exhibited a trend of decreasing function with the increasing larval rearing density, in compliance with the norms of density-dependent effects on development ofDrosophilaFallén and similar insects.
Aalto open access fund pilot
Authors: Tiitinen Kalle 
Published: November 2017

At the start of 2017, an Open Access Fund Pilot was launched to support Aalto University’s researchers with the OA article payments (APC-charges). The Open Access Fund Pilot is the first and one of a kind in Finland. This poster discusses current results and best practices learned from managing an Open Access fund in Finland’s context. The poster also presents the fund’s workflows including, e.g., departments’ personnel, publishers’ APC discount programs and the Learning Centre (previously the Library).Aalto University has reserved 120 000 euros for the pilot. Every department has its own quota for OA article payments. The quota depends on the publishing activity of the department during the past few years. The head of department makes final decisions for the use of the department quota. In order to get the funding, publications must meet certain criteria. The pilot funds only the open access publishing of journal and conference articles. Both Gold and Hybrid OA journals’ APC costs are accepted. Furthermore, Publication Forum, a classification of publication channels created by the Finnish scientific community, is used as a part of funding criteria. The Publication Forum’s levels are 1 = basic, 2 = leading, and 3 = top, and fully OA journals must be rated 1, 2 or 3 and Hybrid-model journals 2 or 3 in order to get the funding.The Learning Centre verifies that the publication meets the requirements of the OAF-pilot and checks if there are any discounts on APC-charges. If the publication meets all the requirements of the OAF-pilot, Learning Centre guides the researcher to apply for funding for APC-charges. The Learning Centre is also responsible for communications and informing of the OAF-pilot and for monitoring departments’ quotas. Currently, we have 34 applications from which most have met the requirements of AOF-pilot. So far, the total amount of funding granted is 29 796 €.
Oral 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) Does not Affect Grooved Pegboard Test Performance
Authors: Gendle Mathew H. , Dowell Stanley W. , Paxton Rachel E. , O'Krent Rebecca H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
There is limited knowledge of the neurocognitive effects of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is sold over-the-counter as a nutritional supplement. Animal studies have demonstrated that exogenous 5-HTP promotes the production of ectopic serotonin in dopaminergic neurons—an effect that may reduce dopamine output in these cells. Behavioral studies in humans have demonstrated specific 5-HTP induced cognitive deficits on the Iowa Gambling Task and the Tower of London task that are likely the result of reduced forebrain dopamine. However, it remains unclear if 5-HTP induced performance decrements observed on the Tower of London task were the result of a motor or cognitive impairment. The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to clarify this point by determining if oral administration of 150 mg of 5-HTP disrupts fine motor control, as measured by the Grooved Pegboard Test. Seventy five university undergraduates received either a placebo or 5-HTP and completed the Grooved Pegboard Test. The groups did not differ in the amount of time needed to complete the place (p = 0.67) and remove (p = 0.48) components of the Grooved Pegboard Test. Therefore, 5-HTP induced reductions in performance on the Tower of London task appear to be cognitive in nature, and are unlikely to be the result of fine motor impairment (as measured by the Grooved Pegboard Test). These results also provide important safety information for 5-HTP by demonstrating that a 150 mg oral dose does not generally alter fine motor function.
The ability of laying pullets to negotiate two ramp designs as measured by bird preference and behaviour
Authors: Pettersson Isabelle C. , Weeks Claire A. , Norman Kate I. , Nicol Christine J. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundLaying hens are often kept in barn or free-range systems where they must negotiate level changes in the house to access resources. However, collisions and resultant keel fractures are commonplace. Producers sometimes add ramps to make raised areas more accessible but designs vary and very little research has investigated bird preference or behaviour when using different ramp designs, or the effect of ramp design on falls and collisions.MethodsTwo ramp designs were studied in an experimental setting—a ramp made of plastic poultry slats (grid ramp, GR) and a ramp made of wooden rungs (ladder ramp, LR). Sixty-four young female hens were trained to move to a food reward and this was used to test their behavioural responses when first negotiating the two different ramps during individual tests. Both upward and downward transitions were studied. Ramp preference was also tested using a room that replicated a commercial single-tier system with both types of ramp available. Birds were placed in this room in groups of 16 for three days and their use of the ramps studied.ResultsA greater percentage of birds successfully completed (reached the reward bowl) on the GR than the LR during both upward (58% vs 37%) and downward (83% vs 73%) transitions, and a smaller percentage of birds made zero attempts to use the GR than the LR (upwards: 13% vs 56%, downwards: 8% vs 26%). When making a downward transition, more hesitation behaviours were seen (head orientations, stepping on the spot, moving away) for the LR. However, more head orientations were seen for the GR during the upward transition. Birds were more likely to abort attempts (an attempt began when a bird placed both feet on the ramp) to move up the GR than the LR. Birds took longer to negotiate the LR than the GR in both directions, and more pauses were seen during a successful upward transition on the LR. Birds were more likely to move down the GR by walking/running whereas birds tended to jump over the entire LR. More collisions with the food reward bowl were seen for the LR. In the group tests, birds preferred to use the GR, with more transitions seen at all timepoints. However, in these tests, birds preferred to rest on the LR with greater numbers of birds counted on this type of ramp during scan sampling at all timepoints.DiscussionBehavioural results suggest that the GR was easier for the birds to use than the LR, particularly on the downward transition. The GR was also less likely to result in collisions. However, the upward transition may be more difficult on the GR for some birds, potentially because of the inability to pause on a level surface during the transition. The results suggest that the GR was preferred by pullets for moving between a raised area and the ground but the LR was preferred for resting.
Enhanced Chlorophyll Concentrations Induced by Kuroshio Intrusion Fronts in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Guo Lin , Xiu Peng , Chai Fei , Xue Huijie , Wang Dongxiao , Sun Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNew evidences were provided that Kuroshio intrusion in winter is able to increase phytoplankton growth in the open ocean of the northern South China Sea (SCS) based on multiple data sources. Strong fronts due to Kuroshio intrusion and interactions with the SCS water are associated with intense upwelling, supplying high nutrients from the subsurface SCS water and increasing phytoplankton productivity in the frontal region. High chlorophyll is more dynamically related to these fronts than to the alongshore wind, wind stress curl, and eddy kinetic energy on interannual time scale. Further examinations suggest that fronts associated with Kuroshio intrusion into the SCS are linked with large‐scale climate variability. During El Niño years, stronger Kuroshio intrusion results in stronger fronts that generate intensified local upwelling and enhanced Luzon winter blooms.
Using Multitemporal and Multispectral Airborne Lidar to Assess Depth of Peat Loss and Correspondence With a New Active Normalized Burn Ratio for Wildfires
Authors: Chasmer L. E. , Hopkinson C. D. , Petrone R. M. , Sitar M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccuracy of depth of burn (an indicator of consumption) in peatland soils using prefire and postfire airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data is determined within a wetland‐upland forest environment near Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. The relationship between peat soil burn depth and an “active” normalized burn ratio (ANBR) is also examined beneath partially and fully burned forest and understory canopies using state‐of‐the‐art active reflectance from a multispectral lidar compared with normalized burn ratio (NBR) derived from Landsat 7 ETM+. We find significant correspondence between depth of burn, lidar‐derived ANBR, and difference NBR (dNBR) from Landsat. However, low‐resolution optical imagery excludes peatland burn losses in transition zones, which are highly sensitive to peat loss via combustion. The findings presented here illustrate the utility of this new remote sensing technology for expanding an area of research where it has previously been challenging to spatially detect and quantify such wildfire burn losses.
Inflation Leading to a Slow Slip Event and Volcanic Unrest at Mount Etna in 2016: Insights From CGPS Data
Authors: Bruno V. , Mattia M. , Montgomery‐Brown E. , Rossi M. , Scandura D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlobal Positioning System (CGPS) data from Mount Etna between May 2015 and September 2016 show intense inflation and a concurrent Slow Slip Event (SSE) from 11 December 2015 to 17 May 2016. In May 2016, an eruptive phase started from the summit craters, temporarily stopping the ongoing inflation. The CGPS data presented here give us the opportunity to determine (1) the source of the inflating body, (2) the strain rate parameters highlighting shear strain rate accumulating along NE Rift and S Rift, (3) the magnitude of the SSE, and (4) possible interaction between modeled sources and other flank structures through stress calculations. By analytical inversion, we find an inflating source 5.5 km under the summit (4.4 km below sea level) and flank slip in a fragmented shallow structure accommodating displacements equivalent to a magnitude Mw6.1 earthquake. These large displacements reflect a complex mechanism of rotations indicated by the inversion of CGPS data for strain rate parameters. At the scale of the volcano, these processes can be considered precursors of seismic activity in the eastern flank of the volcano but concentrated mainly on the northern boundary of the mobile eastern flank along the Pernicana Fault and in the area of the Timpe Fault System.
Diverse Soil Carbon Dynamics Expressed at the Molecular Level
Authors: van der Voort T. S. , Zell C. I. , Hagedorn F. , Feng X. , McIntyre C. P. , Haghipour N. , Graf Pannatier E. , Eglinton T. I. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe stability and potential vulnerability of soil organic matter (SOM) to global change remain incompletely understood due to the complex processes involved in its formation and turnover. Here we combine compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis with fraction‐specific and bulk‐level radiocarbon measurements in order to further elucidate controls on SOM dynamics in a temperate and subalpine forested ecosystem. Radiocarbon contents of individual organic compounds isolated from the same soil interval generally exhibit greater variation than those among corresponding operationally defined fractions. Notably, markedly older ages of long‐chain plant leaf wax lipids (n‐alkanoic acids) imply that they reflect a highly stable carbon pool. Furthermore, marked 14C variations among shorter‐ and longer‐chain n‐alkanoic acid homologues suggest that they track different SOM pools. Extremes in SOM dynamics thus manifest themselves within a single compound class. This exploratory study highlights the potential of compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis for understanding SOM dynamics in ecosystems potentially vulnerable to global change.
Influence of Auroral Streamers on Rapid Evolution of Ionospheric SAPS Flows
Authors: Gallardo‐Lacourt Bea , Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Mishin E. V. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Donovan E. F. , Angelopoulos V. , Nishitani N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSubauroral polarization streams (SAPS) often show large, rapid enhancements above their slowly varying component. We present simultaneous observations from ground‐based all‐sky imagers and flows from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars to investigate the relationship between auroral phenomena and flow enhancement. We first identified auroral streamers approaching the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval to examine how often the subauroral flow increased. We also performed the reverse query starting with subauroral flow enhancements and then evaluated the auroral conditions. In the forward study, 98% of the streamers approaching the equatorward boundary were associated with SAPS flow enhancements reaching ~700 m/s and typically hundreds of m/s above background speeds. The reverse study reveals that flow enhancements associated with streamers (60%) and enhanced larger‐scale convection (37%) contribute to SAPS flow enhancements. The strong correlation of auroral streamers with rapid evolution (approximately minutes) of SAPS flows suggests that transient fast earthward plasma sheet flows can often lead to westward SAPS flow enhancements in the subauroral region and that such enhancements are far more common than only during substorms because of the much more frequent occurrences of streamers under various geomagnetic conditions. We also found a strong correlation between flow duration and streamer duration and a weak correlation between SAPS flow velocity and streamer intensity. This result suggests that intense flow bursts in the plasma sheet (which correlate with intense streamers) are associated with intense SAPS ionospheric flows perhaps by enhancing the ring current pressure and localized pressure gradients when they are able to penetrate close enough to Earth.
Elastic Dispersion and Attenuation in Fully Saturated Sandstones: Role of Mineral Content, Porosity, and Pressures
Authors: Pimienta Lucas , Borgomano Jan V. M. , Fortin Jérôme , Guéguen Yves 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBecause measuring the frequency dependence of elastic properties in the laboratory is a technical challenge, not enough experimental data exist to test the existing theories. We report measurements of three fluid‐saturated sandstones over a broad frequency band: Wilkenson, Berea, and Bentheim sandstones. Those sandstones samples, chosen for their variable porosities and mineral content, are saturated by fluids of varying viscosities. The samples elastic response (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) and hydraulic response (fluid flow out of the sample) are measured as a function of frequency. Large dispersion and attenuation phenomena are observed over the investigated frequency range. For all samples, the variation at lowest frequency relates to a large fluid flow directly measured out of the rock samples. These are the cause (i.e., fluid flow) and consequence (i.e., dispersion/attenuation) of the transition between drained and undrained regimes. Consistently, the characteristic frequency correlates with permeability for each sandstone. Beyond this frequency, a second variation is observed for all samples, but the rocks behave differently. For Berea sandstone, an onset of dispersion/attenuation is expected from both Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio at highest frequency. For Bentheim and Wilkenson sandstones, however, only Young's modulus shows dispersion/attenuation phenomena. For Wilkenson sandstone, the viscoelastic‐like dispersion/attenuation response is interpreted as squirt flow. For Bentheim sandstone, the second effect does not fully follow such response, which could be due to a lower accuracy in the measured attenuation or to the occurence of another physical effect in this rock sample.
Oxidative Alteration of Ferrous Smectites and Implications for the Redox Evolution of Early Mars
Authors: Chemtob Steven M. , Nickerson Ryan D. , Morris Richard V. , Agresti David G. , Catalano Jeffrey G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSurface conditions on early Mars were likely anoxic, similar to early Earth, but the timing of the evolution to oxic conditions characteristic of contemporary Mars is unresolved. Ferrous trioctahedral smectites are the thermodynamically predicted products of anoxic basalt weathering, but orbital analyses of Noachian‐aged terrains find primarily Fe3+‐bearing clay minerals. Rover‐based detection of Fe2+‐bearing trioctahedral smectites at Gale Crater suggests that ferrous smectites are the unoxidized progenitors of orbitally detected ferric smectites. To assess this pathway, we conducted ambient‐temperature oxidative alteration experiments on four synthetic ferrous smectites having molar Fe/(Mg + Fe) from 1.00 to 0.33. Smectite suspension in air‐saturated solutions produced incomplete oxidation (24–38% Fe3+/ΣFe). Additional smectite oxidation occurred upon reexposure to air‐saturated solutions after anoxic hydrothermal recrystallization, which accelerated cation and charge redistribution in the octahedral sheet. Oxidation was accompanied by contraction of the octahedral sheet (d(060) decreased from 1.53–1.56 Å to 1.52 Å), consistent with a shift toward dioctahedral structure. Ferrous smectite oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions resulted in nearly complete Fe2+ oxidation but also led to partial Fe3+ ejection from the structure, producing nanoparticulate hematite. Reflectance spectra of oxidized smectites were characterized by (Fe3+,Mg)2‐OH bands at 2.28–2.30 μm, consistent with oxidative formation of dioctahedral nontronite. Accordingly, ferrous smectites are plausible precursors to observed ferric smectites on Mars, and their presence in late‐Noachian sedimentary units suggests that anoxic conditions may have persisted on Mars beyond the Noachian.