bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low frequency m = 1 modes during standard and improved confinement scenariosin W7-X
Authors: Cipciar Dario , Killer Carsten , Brandt Christian , Koenies Axel , Rahbarnia Kian , Chaudhary Neha , Adamek Jiri , Grulke Olaf , Thomsen H , Stange Torsten , Aleynikova Ksenia , Hirsch Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X), two related global low-frequency electromagnetic oscil-&#xD;lations are observed on many diagnostic systems (e.g. plasma stored energy, Mirnov coils, Langmuir&#xD;probes, etc.). The activity is related to the presence of magnetic islands at certain radii. However, in&#xD;contrast to initial analyses in earlier works, the mode activity is not localized to the magnetic islands,&#xD;but rather of an m = 1 type in the plasma outer-core. We observe a strong cross-correlation between&#xD;electron temperature fluctuations in the confined plasma region, measured with electron cyclotron&#xD;emission radiometer, and scrape-off layer fluctuations measured with electric probes. Two limiting&#xD;cases of the mode activity can be observed based on magnetic configuration. A quasi-continuous mode&#xD;case, with frequencies of typically some 100 Hz, is found in configurations that have a 5/5 magnetic&#xD;island chain at the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS). The mode frequency is found&#xD;to increase linearly with the core electron temperature and decrease with increasing electron density.&#xD;In contrast, for magnetic configurations with the 5/5 magnetic island chain just inside the LCFS, the&#xD;mode activity becomes bursty and intermittent, exhibiting a crash-event like signature. Although these&#xD;intermittent events are less frequent, more plasma stored energy is lost per event compared to a period&#xD;of the quasi-continuous oscillations. The intermittent oscillations are observable as a broadband mod-&#xD;ulation in turbulence spectra on most diagnostic systems. The presence of these intermittent bursts&#xD;goes along with an improved energy confinement in the plasma, superficially resembling H-mode and&#xD;ELMs in tokamaks. A self-limiting process is proposed as an explanation of the intermittent oscillations&#xD;based on observed ejection of particles during each crash event, which leads to steepening of density&#xD;profiles and temporary suppression of ITG turbulence and in turn suppression of&#xD;m = 1 mode.
Bayesian inference of radial impurity transport in the pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade discharges using charge-exchange spectroscopy
Authors: Gleiter Tabea , Dux Ralph , Sciortino Francesco , Odstrcil Tomas , Fajardo Daniel , Angioni Clemente , Buchner Johannes , McDermott Rachael M , Hayward-Schneider Thomas , Harrer Georg Friedrich , Faitsch Michael , Griener Michael , Fischer Rainer , Wolfrum Elisabeth , Stroth Ulrich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a novel framework for quantifying radial impurity transport in the pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) discharges. Our method is based on charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) measurements of line radiation from multiple impurity charge states, each along a radially distributed line-of-sight array in steady-state plasmas. Inverse inference based on the diffusive-convective transport solver Aurora combined with a synthetic diagnostic enables us to separate diffusive and convective transport contributions and to derive the impurity density and charge state distribution profiles. Robust uncertainty quantification is provided as the full probability distribution of the parameters is obtained according to Bayesian statistics with the use of a nested sampling algorithm. The approach allows for a high radial resolution and data quality due to the steady-state plasma, but requires data from multiple impurity charge states. It is, therefore, particularly suitable for impurity transport studies in the region of steep edge gradients.&#xD;In this paper, we present thorough tests of the method based on synthetic data. Furthermore, we show an application to AUG measurement data, inferring the pedestal neon transport in the quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regime without large edge-localized modes (ELMs). The comparison of the transport result with neoclassical simulations shows a clear contribution of turbulent diffusion in the QCE pedestal. This supports the hypothesis of additional transport associated with the predicted high-n ballooning-unstable region and the observed quasi-coherent mode (QCM).
Dipole pattern in aerosol-induced atmospheric warming trends over the Indian subcontinent in the last two decades
Authors: Srivastava Shreya , Dey Sagnik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the patterns of aerosol-induced perturbation in radiation budget and its drivers is crucial in climate science. Here, we examined spatio-temporal trends in aerosol-induced atmospheric warming and the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface cooling over the Indian Subcontinent under clear-sky and all-sky conditions using Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for the period 2000-2021. Overall, the regional mean TOA and surface cooling were found to increase by 0.06 W m-2 year-1 and 0.09 W m-2 year-1, respectively. Over the last two decades, the aerosol-induced atmospheric warming in all-sky conditions increased over the subcontinent landmass and outflow regions over the ocean while it declined over dust-dominated arid regions. This dipole pattern was driven by a combination of an overall increase in aerosol optical depth (AOD), a gradual increase in the fraction of scattering aerosols over the Indian landmass dominated by anthropogenic sources, a decline in dust loading over the arid sources. As a result, atmospheric warming efficiency declined in most parts of the Indian subcontinent. A comparative meta-analysis revealed that aerosol-induced atmospheric warming was over-estimated by the existing studies where aerosol direct radiative forcings were estimated by 1-D radiative transfer model utilizing modelled optical properties based on incomplete information about in-situ physico-chemical properties derived from ground-based measurements. Our analysis showed that TOA and surface cooling by aerosols were higher in clear-sky conditions relative to the actual all-sky condition by up to 11 W m-2 and 16 W m-2, respectively; therefore, atmospheric warming reported for clear-sky conditions would be biased high over the subcontinent. As India embarked on a clean air mission, changes in aerosol loading and its composition are expected to alter the dipole pattern further in the future, impacting the regional climate via dynamic feedback.
Global optimization of photovoltaic tilt angles: Reducing solar power losses using reanalysis data
Authors: Lu Ning , Qin Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems play a crucial role in addressing the growing demand for clean energy and mitigating climate change impacts. However, PV system performance is heavily influenced by the incident solar radiation on panel surfaces, with suboptimal tilt angles leading to significant power losses. Despite the critical importance of tilt angle optimization, many existing PV installations worldwide operate suboptimally due to simplified estimation methods or lack of site-specific optimization. This study presents a novel hybrid approach combining empirical and computational methods to determine optimal annual and monthly PV panel tilt angles using long-term hourly ERA5 reanalysis radiation data. Our results validate the effectiveness of ERA5 data for global tilt angle optimization, demonstrating a strong correlation with established cubic relations. Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of optimized tilt angles reveals the influence of latitude, local atmospheric conditions, and seasonal variations on optimal PV panel inclination. A comprehensive assessment of the global PV inventory in 2018 shows that 44.6% of installed capacity is located in regions with solar power losses exceeding 1%, resulting in a total loss of 6,154 GWh/year – equivalent to Luxembourg's annual electricity consumption. Comparison between optimized tilt angles and those estimated using empirical cubic schemes reveals significant discrepancies in some regions, with annual power losses surpassing 3% when using empirical methods. These findings underscore the importance of accurate, location-specific tilt angle optimization to minimize solar power losses and maximize global PV inventory performance. Our research highlights the potential for substantial energy yield improvements through widespread adoption of optimized tilt angles in PV system design and retrofitting, contributing to enhanced renewable energy production and accelerated progress towards global sustainability goals.&#xD;
Aggregate Stress Contribution in Asphalt Mixtures with the Splitting Tests Based on the Three-Dimensional (3D) Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Authors: Yao Hui , Ma Pengrui , Xu Mei , Liu Huijie , Cao Dandan , Cui Xuhao , Liu Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, the discrete element method (DEM) simulations were employed to assess the asphalt mixture's splitting strength to investigate the mechanical aspects of asphalt mixtures under various loading conditions, including the stress transmission characteristics of individual aggregate and the contribution or response to the load-bearing capacity. The study involved an analysis of splitting tests on fine-graded AC-13 and medium-graded AC-20 asphalt mixtures at different temperatures. The mechanical responses of aggregates at different sizes were examined, and the relationships between aggregate loading contribution and mechanical interactions were explored by combining laboratory experiments with DEM simulations. The research shows that the load-displacement patterns in DEM simulations and lab experiments are very similar. This demonstrates that DEM simulations are applicable for conducting splitting tests on asphalt mixtures and the results are valid. The splitting strength decreases with increasing temperature under identical gradation conditions. At the constant temperature level, splitting strength is enhanced with large-sized aggregates/gradations in asphalt mixtures. As temperature rises, smaller-sized aggregates in both gradations bear a greater loading proportion, while the load-bearing ratio of intermediate-sized aggregates decreases. Comparing the two gradations of asphalt mixtures, it is evident that, at the same temperature, an increase in the gradation leads to a gradual increase in the load-bearing ratio of aggregates in the intermediate size range. In the case of the AC-20 gradation asphalt mixture, the largest-sized aggregates also exhibit an increasing load-bearing ratio compared to the AC-13 gradation, indicating that larger gradations result in a greater proportion of coarse aggregates carrying the loading. These research findings provide valuable insights and references for the cracking resistance performance of the asphalt pavement.
Micromagnetic Stimulation (μMS) Controls Dopamine Release: An in vivo Study Using WINCS Harmoni
Authors: Saha Renata , Goyal Abhinav , Yuen Jason , Oh Yoonbae , Bloom Robert , Benally Onri J. , Wu Kai , Netoff Theoden I , Low Walter C , Bennet Kevin , Lee Kendall H , Shin Hojin , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research into the role of neurotransmitters in regulating normal and pathologic brain functions has made significant progress. Yet, clinical trials that aim to improve therapeutic interventions do not take advantage of the in vivo changes in the neurochemistry that occur in real time during disease progression, drug interactions or response to pharmacological, cognitive, behavioral, and neuromodulation therapies. In this work, we used the WINCS Harmoni tool to study the real time in vivo changes in dopamine release in rodent brains for the micromagnetic neuromodulation therapy. Although still in its infancy, micromagnetic stimulation (µMS) using micro-meter sized coils or microcoils (μcoils) has shown incredible promise in spatially selective, galvanic contact free and highly focal neuromodulation. These μcoils are powered by a time-varying current which generates a magnetic field. As per Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction, this magnetic field induces an electric field in a conducting medium (here, the brain tissues). We used a solenoidal-shaped μcoil to stimulate the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rodent brain in vivo. The evoked in vivo dopamine releases in the striatum were tracked in real time by carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFM) using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Our experiments report that μcoils can successfully activate the MFB in rodent brains, triggering dopamine release in vivo. We further show that the successful release of dopamine upon micromagnetic stimulation is dependent on the orientation of the μcoil. Furthermore, varied intensities of µMS can control the concentration of dopamine releases in the striatum. This work helps us better understand the brain and its conditions arising from a new therapeutic intervention, like µMS, at the level of neurotransmitter release. Despite its early stage, this study potentially paves the path for µMS to enter the clinical world as a precisely controlled and optimized neuromodulation therapy.&#xD;
Photon-mediated dipole-dipole interactions as a resource for quantum science and technology in cold atoms
Authors: Jen H. H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photon-mediated dipole-dipole interactions arise from atom-light interactions, which are universal and prevalent in a wide range of open quantum systems. This pairwise and long-range spin-exchange interaction results from multiple light scattering among the atoms. A recent surge of interests and progresses in both experiments and theories promises this core mechanism of collective interactions as a resource to study quantum science and to envision next-generation applications in quantum technology. Here we summarize recent developments in both theories and experiments, where we introduce several central theoretical approaches and focus on cooperative light scattering from small sample of free-space atoms, an atom-waveguide coupled interface that hosts the waveguide QED, and topological quantum optical platforms. The aim of this review is to manifest the essential and distinct features of collective dynamics induced by resonant dipole-dipole interactions and to reveal unprecedented opportunities in enhancing the performance or offering new applications in light manipulations, quantum metrology, quantum computations, and light harvesting innovations.
Strategies for crisis and risk management in sustainable construction: communication and green culture in Pakistan
Authors: Abid Sheikh Kamran , Al-Wathinani Ahmed M. , Goniewicz Krzysztof 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Pakistani construction industry faces significant challenges that hinder project success, including poor risk management, communication gaps, a lack of organizational cohesion, and inadequate green human resource management practices. This study investigates the impact of these critical factors on project outcomes within Pakistan's unique economic and regulatory landscape. Using semi-structured interviews with project managers across various construction firms, we conducted a thematic analysis to explore how proactive risk management, effective communication strategies, a supportive green organizational culture, and green strategic human resource management practices contribute to project durability of the building and timely completion. The durability of a building entails the utilization of long-lasting resources, environmentally friendly building processes, and ideas that maintain the structure so that it stays operational and practical for its planned duration. Findings reveal that comprehensive crisis and risk management minimizes disruptions and budget overruns, while robust communication management reduces misunderstandings, fostering collaboration and efficiency. Furthermore, a positive green organizational culture enhances teamwork and motivation and targeted green human resource strategies support skill alignment and improve workforce performance. This study provides actionable insights for construction firms in Pakistan aiming to optimize green management strategies to enhance project success rates, suggesting that an integrated approach to risk, communication, green culture, and green human resource practices is essential to meet the demands of this growing sector.
Assessing Fingerprint Image Quality: An Ensemble Technique Perspective
Authors: Choudhary Parul , Pathak Pooja , Gupta Phalguni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fingerprint recognition has become a cornerstone technology in various applications, ranging from law enforcement to smartphone security. However, the quality of fingerprint images can significantly affect the performance of recognition systems. Traditional methods of assessing fingerprint image quality (FIQ) often rely on handcrafted features and simplistic models, which cannot capture the complexity of real-world scenarios. This research propose an enhanced machine learning-based approach for fingerprint image quality assessment (FIQA) to address this limitation. Collecting and pre-processing a dataset of 6,000 fingerprint images from 600 individuals, each with varying clarity, contrast, illumination, and noise levels, from the Sokoto Coventry Fingerprint (SOCOFing) dataset. Apply image enhancement techniques such as Gabor filtering for texture feature enhancement and minutiae extraction to extract distinctive features. Authors’ perform feature extraction using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptors. Next, divide the dataset into training and testing sets, and design and train various machine learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), support vector machines (SVM), and multi-layer perceptron's (MLP) for the proposed model classification. Evaluate the performance of model on the testing dataset using accuracy and other relevant metrics to ensure robust performance estimation. Implementation results shows that the proposed model has higher accuracy in comparison to the existing conventional methods.
A dual adaptive generalized remaining life prediction method based on GP-Wiener
Authors: Liao Hongzhi , Deng Lei , Xu Rui , li jiaxin , miao jiazhen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Remaining useful life prediction (RUL), as an important part of equipment health management (PHM), how to improve its prediction accuracy becomes the key of the problem. In this paper, a digital-model fusion method for RUL prediction with dual adaptive nature is proposed for complex systems with multiple sensor monitoring signals. Aiming at multiple ideal properties of health indicators (HIs), a nonlinear fusion method based on genetic programming (GP) is used to construct composite virtual health indicators (VHIs) to realize adaptive selection and fusion of sensors; a degradation model is established using a nonlinear Wiener process with implicit scale transformations, and the a priori parameters of the model are estimated based on the historical data using the method of great likelihood (MLE) and updated a posteriori through the Kalman filter (KF) to update the model parameters a posteriori based on the field measurement data; At the same time, an adaptive RUL correction method is used to reduce the huge error of RUL prediction due to the difference between the filtered and measured values, and the corresponding corrected RUL probability density function is obtained. Finally, the proposed method is validated in the simulated degradation data and C-MPASS dataset, and compared with various methods horizontally and vertically, the proposed method has the highest prediction accuracy and the highest prediction stability, which proves the validity and generalizability of the proposed method.
Nonlinear Gaussian process tomography with imposed non-negativity constraints on physical quantities for plasma diagnostics.
Authors: Ueda Kenji , Nishiura Masaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose a novel tomographic method, nonlinear Gaussian process tomography (nonlinear GPT), that uses the Laplace approximation to impose constraints on non-negative physical quantities, such as the emissivity in plasma optical diagnostics. While positive-valued posteriors have previously been introduced through sampling-based approaches in the original GPT method, our alternative approach implements a logarithmic Gaussian process (log-GP) for faster computation and more natural enforcement of non-negativity. The effectiveness of the proposed log-GP tomography is demonstrated through a case study using the Ring Trap 1 (RT-1) device, where log-GPT outperforms existing methods, standard GPT, and the Minimum Fisher Information (MFI) methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy. &#xD;The results highlight the effectiveness of nonlinear GPT for imposing physical constraints in applications to an inverse problem.
Clinical Performance of Cell-Free DNA for Fetal RhD Detection in RhD-Negative Pregnant Individuals in the United States
Authors: Mateus-Nino Julio F. , Wynn Julia , Wiggins-Smith Jenny , Bryant J. Brett , Citty J. Kris , Citty J. Kyle , Ahuja Samir , Newman Roger 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the performance of a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) assay that uses next-generation sequencing with quantitative counting templates for the clinical detection of the fetal RHD genotype in a diverse RhD-negative pregnant population in the United States.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in four U.S. health care centers. The same next-generation sequencing quantitative counting template cfDNA fetal RhD assay was offered to nonalloimmunized RhD-negative pregnant individuals as part of clinical care. Rh immune globulin (RhIG) was administered at the discretion of the clinician. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assay were calculated considering the neonatal RhD serology results.

RESULTS:
A total of 401 nonalloimmunized RhD-negative pregnant individuals who received clinical care in the period from August 2020 to November 2023 were included in the analysis. The D antigen cfDNA result was 100% concordant with the neonatal serology, resulting in 100% sensitivity, 100% positive predictive value (95% CI, 98.6–100% for both), 100% specificity, and 100% negative predictive value (95% CI, 97.4–100% for both). There were 10 pregnant individuals in whom the cfDNA analysis identified a non-RHD gene deletion, including RhDΨ (n=5) and RHD–CE–D hybrid variants (n=5). Rh immune globulin was administered antenatally to 93.1% of pregnant individuals, with cfDNA results indicating an RhD-positive fetus compared with 75.0% of pregnant individuals with cfDNA results indicating an RhD-negative fetus, signifying that clinicians were using the cfDNA results to guide pregnancy management.

CONCLUSION:
This next-generation sequencing with quantitative counting templates cfDNA analysis for detecting fetal RhD status is highly accurate with no false-positive or false-negative results in 401 racially and ethnically diverse pregnant individuals with 100% follow-up of all live births. This study and prior studies of this assay support a recommendation to offer cfDNA screening for fetal Rh status as an alternative option to prophylactic RhIG for all nonalloimmunized RhD-negative individuals, which will result in more efficient and targeted prenatal care with administration of RhIG only when medically indicated.