bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thigh length versus knee length antiembolism stockings for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in postoperative surgical patients; a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wade Ros , Paton Fiona , Rice Stephen , Stansby Gerard , Millner Peter , Flavell Hayley , Fox Dave , Woolacott Nerys 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical effectiveness of thigh length versus knee length antiembolism stockings for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in surgical patients.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis using direct methods and network meta-analysis.MethodsPrevious systematic reviews and electronic databases were searched to February 2014 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of thigh length or knee length antiembolism stockings in surgical patients. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The primary outcome was incidence of DVT. Analysis of the DVT data was performed using ORs along with 95% CIs. The I2statistic was used to quantify statistical heterogeneity.Results23 RCTs were included; there was substantial variation between the trials and many were poorly reported with an unclear risk of bias. Five RCTs directly comparing thigh length versus knee length stockings were pooled and the summary estimate of effect favouring thigh length stockings was not statistically significant (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.73). 13 RCTs were included in the network meta-analysis; thigh length stockings with pharmacological prophylaxis were more effective than knee length stockings with pharmacological prophylaxis, but again results were not statistically significant (OR 1.76, 95% credible intervals 0.82 to 3.53).ConclusionsThigh length stockings may be more effective than knee length stockings, but results did not reach statistical significance and the evidence base is weak. Further research to confirm this finding is unlikely to be worthwhile. While thigh length stockings appear to have superior efficacy, practical issues such as patient acceptability may prevent their wide use in clinical practice.Systematic review registration numberCRD42014007202.
Rates of self-harm presenting to general hospitals: a comparison of data from the Multicentre Study of Self-Harm in England and Hospital Episode Statistics
Authors: Clements Caroline , Turnbull Pauline , Hawton Keith , Geulayov Galit , Waters Keith , Ness Jennifer , Townsend Ellen , Khundakar Kazem , Kapur Nav 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveRates of hospital presentation for self-harm in England were compared using different national and local data sources.DesignThe study was descriptive and compared bespoke data collection methods for recording self-harm presentations to hospital with routinely collected hospital data.SettingLocal area data on self-harm from the 3 centres of the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England (Oxford, Manchester and Derby) were used along with national and local routinely collected data on self-harm admissions and emergency department attendances from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).Primary outcomeRate ratios were calculated to compare rates of self-harm generated using different data sources nationally and locally (between 2010 and 2012) and rates of hospital presentations for self-harm were plotted over time (between 2003 and 2012), based on different data sources.ResultsThe total number of self-harm episodes between 2010 and 2012 was 13 547 based on Multicentre Study data, 9600 based on HES emergency department data and 8096 based on HES admission data. Nationally, routine HES data underestimated overall rates of self-harm by approximately 60% compared with rates based on Multicentre Study data (rate ratio for HES emergency department data, 0.41 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.49); rate ratio for HES admission data, 0.42 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.49)). Direct local area comparisons confirmed an overall underascertainment in the HES data, although the difference varied between centres. There was a general increase in self-harm over time according to HES data which contrasted with a fall and then a rise in the Multicentre Study data.ConclusionsThere was a consistent underestimation of presentations for self-harm recorded by HES emergency department data, and fluctuations in year-on-year figures. HES admission data appeared more reliable but missed non-admitted episodes. Routinely collected data may miss important trends in self-harm and cannot be used in isolation as the basis for a robust national indicator of self-harm.
Dolomitization Associated with Sea Level and Ocean Current Circulation in the Southern Marion Platform, Offshore Ne Australia
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Sun Yuefeng 
Published: February 2016

On the Southern Marion carbonate platform, dolomitization is triggered by the circulation of normal or slightly modified seawater and is related to changes in sedimentation rate and sea level change. Dolomitization further modifies formation permeability and fluid flow patterns. Dolostone/calcareous dolostone with large vuggy or moldic porosity is formed by fabric-preserving dissolution and recrystallization, which increases the pore space and facilitates the fluid flow effectively, with permeability ranging from 1[Formula: see text]mD to 10,000[Formula: see text]mD. The frame flexibility factor ([Formula: see text]) is a rock physics parameter which is a proxy of pore structure. We find that at given porosity dolostone with larger pores, higher permeability and higher sonic velocity usually has lower values of frame flexibility factor than limestone. After strong compaction and cementation, the limestone frame occludes fluid flow, prevents dolomitization and has permeability as low as 0.02[Formula: see text]mD. Acoustic impedance inversion confirms that the asymmetric geometry of the Southern Marion platform is shaped by the oceanographic currents, which are caused by the southward-flowing East Australian Current. Three layers of dolostone with large pores in the upper platform reveal strong fluid flow within the carbonate platform, leading to dolomitization and dissolution. These three strongly dolomitized zones follow the platform topography, indicating that the diagenetic fluid flow is driven by oceanographic currents. Three large-pore-formation dolomitization events match well with three highstands of sea level events, illustrating that the highstand of sea level induces the formation of dolomitization zones with large pores. This study demonstrates the positive feedback loop of dolomitization and ocean current circulation, as well as the relationship between dolomitization and sea level change, which could be applicable for better understanding subsurface fluid-rock interactions and dolomitization pore systems in other carbonate environments.
Interposition Arthroplasty Versus Hematoma and Distraction for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Trapeziometacarpal Joint
Authors: Corain Massimo , Zampieri Nicola , Mugnai Raffaele , Adani Roberto 
Published: February 2016

Background: Various surgical techniques were reported with excellent result for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis. However, the best treatment option was not defined yet.Methods: This randomized prospective study compared the result of two surgical techniques: tendon interposition arthroplasty (64 patients) and K. wire distraction (56 patients) after trapeziectomy for stage 3 or 4 osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint.Results: After a mean follow-up period of 6.8 (range, 3-10) years it was possible to observe a higher rate of pain relief following trapeziectomy with K. wire suspension, but no significant differences in strength, range of motion and DASH score between the two groups. On lateral unloaded radiographs the height of the space between the base of the thumb metacarpal and the scaphoid showed a mean value of 6.5 mm for both groups; the average distance between the metacarpal base and the trapezium was not statistically significant in the two groups. Complications were observed only in patients treated with trapeziectomy and interposition arthroplasty and were represented by tendinitis of the FCR in 15% of cases.Conclusions: We demonstrate that the trapezium excision and bone space distraction technique requires a smaller incision, a shorter surgical time, an easier surgical technique, and a less painful recovery, maintaining overlapping levels of functional restore.
Anxiety and the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Portegies Marileen L.P. , Bos Michiel J. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Hofman Albert , Tiemeier Henning W. , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
It is unclear whether anxiety is a risk factor for stroke. We assessed the association between anxiety and the risk of incident stroke.

Methods—
This population-based cohort study was based on 2 rounds of the Rotterdam Study. Each round was taken separately as baseline. In 1993 to 1995, anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A). In 2002 to 2004, anxiety disorders were assessed using the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants were followed up for incident stroke until January 2012.

Results—
In the sample undergoing HADS-A (N=2625; mean age at baseline, 68.4 years), 332 strokes occurred during 32 720 years of follow-up. HADS-A score was not associated with the risk of stroke during complete follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.43; for HADS-A≥8 compared with HADS-A <8), although we did find an increased risk after a shorter follow-up of 3 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–5.41). In the sample undergoing the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (N=8662; mean age at baseline, 66.1 years), 340 strokes occurred during 48 703 years of follow-up. Participants with any anxiety disorder had no higher risk of stroke than participants without anxiety disorder (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.43). We also did not observe an increased risk of stroke for the different subtypes of anxiety.

Conclusions—
Anxiety disorders were not associated with stroke in our general population study. Anxiety symptoms were only related to stroke in the short term, which needs further exploration.
Time-Varying Effects of Prasugrel Versus Clopidogrel on the Long-Term Risks of Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Chin Chee Tang , Neely Benjamin , Magnus Ohman E. , Armstrong Paul W. , Corbalán Ramón , White Harvey D. , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Winters Kenneth J. , Fox Keith A.A. , Roe Matthew T. ,   for the TRILOGY ACS Investigators
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
The role of more intense, sustained platelet inhibition in preventing stroke after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unclear. We observed a signal for reduced stroke risk in the Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes (TRILOGY ACS) trial after 12 months of treatment with prasugrel versus clopidogrel in medically managed patients with ACS.

Methods—
We examined 7243 patients with ACS, aged <75 years and without prior stroke, analyzing differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without a stroke event through 30 months with a Cox proportional hazards model. We also assessed the effect of prasugrel versus clopidogrel (plus aspirin) on risk of all stroke events and ischemic stroke over time with an extended Cox proportional hazards model.

Results—

Stroke events were infrequent through 30 months (ischemic stroke=62; hemorrhagic stroke=15). Patients with stroke were older, had more comorbidities, and had a higher Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score. There was a trend for a lower unadjusted frequency of all stroke events through 30 months for prasugrel versus clopidogrel: 31 (1.5%) versus 46 (2.2%);
P
=0.08. There was a significant treatment-by-time interaction for those with ischemic stroke (
P
=0.03), consistent with the 12-month landmarked Kaplan–Meier log-rank test showing a reduced hazard of ischemic stroke after 12 months with prasugrel (
P
=0.04). No significant interactions between treatment effect of prasugrel versus clopidogrel and time were observed for all stroke events.

Conclusions—
We observed a potential late treatment effect for prasugrel versus clopidogrel for a reduced risk of ischemic stroke in medically managed patients with ACS aged <75 years. These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that longer duration and more potent platelet inhibition with prasugrel may be associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke after 12 months.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00699998.
Return-to-work support for employees with mental health problems: Identifying and responding to key challenges of sick leave
Authors: Cameron Josh , Sadlo Gaynor , Hart Angie , Walker Carl 
Published: February 2016

Introduction This research explored return-to-work and sick leave experiences of workers with mental health issues in contact with acute or community mental health services. Method Using a critical realist methodology with a comparative case study and collaborative design, 21 employed participants recovering from mental health problems participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive thematic and constant comparative analysis. Findings While on sick leave, despite a range of challenges, participants treasured their work identities. They were sustained by positive and troubled by negative memories of work. People missed the routine of work and felt isolated. To varying degrees of success, they searched for alternative activities to fill this gap and promote recovery. Conclusion The need for sick leave was not disputed, but an important discovery was its iatrogenic (‘side-’) effects, whereby isolation and reduced activity levels could exacerbate mental health problems. Negative impacts of sick leave need to be mitigated by support to maintain worker identity and orientation and by opportunities and encouragement to sustain routine, activities and social contacts. A new concept of ‘occupational capital’ emerged, comprising accessible external opportunities and supports for occupational participation, and internal capacities and skills required to access these.
Comparison of Low Back Pain Recovery and Persistence
Authors: Starkweather Angela R. , Lyon Debra E. , Kinser Patricia , Heineman Amy , Sturgill Jamie L. , Deng Xiaoyan , Siangphoe Umaporn , Elswick R. K. , Greenspan Joel , Dorsey Susan G. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Persistent low back pain is a significant problem worldwide. Early identification and treatment of individuals at high risk for persistent low back pain have been suggested as strategies to decrease the rate of disability associated with this condition. Purpose: To examine and compare demographic, pain-related, psychological, and somatosensory characteristics in a cohort of participants with acute low back pain who later went on to experience persistent low back pain or whose pain resolved within the first 6 weeks after initial onset. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among men and women 18–50 years of age who had an acute episode of low back pain. Study questionnaires were administered to collect demographic information and measures of pain, coping, reactivity, mood, work history and satisfaction, and disability. A standardized protocol of quantitative sensory testing was performed on each participant at the painful area of their low back and at a remote site on their arm. Results: The sample consisted of 48 participants, of whom 19 went on to develop persistent low back pain and 29 resolved. Compared to the resolved group, the persistent low back pain group was significantly older and had a lower level of educational attainment, a higher body mass index, and higher mean “least” pain score on the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form. Significantly higher thermal detection thresholds at the painful and remote sites as well as signs of central sensitivity differentiated the persistent pain group from the resolved group during the acute stage of low back pain.
A serial 10-year follow-up study of brain atrophy and disability progression in RRMS patients
Authors: Zivadinov Robert , Uher Tomas , Hagemeier Jesper , Vaneckova Manuela , Ramasamy Deepa P , Tyblova Michaela , Bergsland Niels , Seidl Zdenek , Dwyer Michael G , Krasensky Jan , Havrdova Eva , Horakova Dana 
Published: February 2016

Background: We explored the evolution of brain atrophy in relation to development of confirmed disability progression (CDP) on serial 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans over a 10-year period in 181 patients with early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: At 10-year follow-up, they were divided into those with (100) or without (76) CDP (confirmed after 48 weeks). Changes in whole brain (WB), cortical, gray matter (GM), white matter, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF) volumes were calculated on three-dimensional T1-weighted (3D-T1) scans between all available time points. Results: In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with CDP compared to those without, the greatest effect size percentage volume change from baseline to follow-up was detected for WB ( d = 0.55, −7.5% vs −5.2%, p < 0.001), followed by vCSF ( d = 0.51, +41.1% vs +25.7%, p < 0.001), cortical ( d = 0.49, −7.7% vs −6.2%, p = 0.001), and GM ( d = 0.40, −7.1% vs −5.8%, p = 0.006) volumes. Mixed-effects model analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and treatment change, showed significant interactions between CDP status and percentage changes for WB and vCSF ( p < 0.001), cortical ( p = 0.02), and GM ( p = 0.04) volumes. Conclusions: WB and cortical atrophy, and enlargement of vCSF spaces are associated with development of CDP on serial yearly MRI assessments over a period of 10 years.
The concomitant use of fesoterodine and topical vaginal estrogen in the management of overactive bladder and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women
Authors: Chughtai Bilal , Forde James C , Buck Jessica , Asfaw Tirsit , Lee Richard , Te Alexis E , Kaplan Steven A 
Published: February 2016

Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the combination effect of anti-muscarinic medication and topical vaginal estrogen in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) and female sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Study design After IRB approval, 23 female subjects who met the entry criteria were randomized into two groups: (1) fesoterodine (Toviaz®, Pfizer, NY) with topical vaginal estrogen (Premarin®, Pfizer, NY) once daily or (2) fesoterodine once daily alone. If 4 mg fesoterodine was tolerated at 1-week, the dose was increased to 8 mg. Main outcome measures Primary endpoints were improvement in OAB symptom severity (Overactive Bladder Questionnaire, OAB-Q SF), improvement in OAB health-related quality of life (HRQL) (OAB-Q SF), and sexual function (Sexual Quality of Life–Female, SQOL-F) after 12 weeks. Secondary endpoint was change in total number of micturitions. Results After 12-weeks, the combination group had a significant improvement in OAB symptom severity ( p = 0.006), HRQL ( p = 0.029), and SQOL-F (0.0003). The fesoterodine alone group also had significant improvement in OAB symptom severity ( p < 0.0001), HRQL ( p = 0.0002), and SQOL-F ( p = 0.02). When compared directly to the fesoterodine alone group, the combination group after 12-weeks had a reduced OAB symptom severity (10 versus 23.3; p = 0.35), higher HRQL (96.9 versus 84.6; p = 0.75), and higher SQOL-F (99 versus 81; p = 0.098). The total number of micturitions over 3 d was significantly reduced in the combination group (45–26, p = 0.03) between baseline and 12-weeks. Conclusions The combined effect of fesoterodine and topical vaginal estrogen improved OAB symptoms and sexual function in postmenopausal women.
Early cytomegalovirus reactivation remains associated with increased transplant-related mortality in the current era: a CIBMTR analysis
Authors: Teira Pierre , Battiwalla Minoo , Ramanathan Muthalagu , Barrett A. John , Ahn Kwang Woo , Chen Min , Green Jaime S. , Saad Ayman , Antin Joseph H. , Savani Bipin N. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Seftel Matthew , Saber Wael , Marks David , Aljurf Mahmoud , Norkin Maxim , Wingard John R. , Lindemans Caroline A. , Boeckh Michael , Riches Marcie L. , Auletta Jeffery J. 
Published: February 2016

Key Points
Cytomegalovirus after bone marrow transplantation remains associated with lower survival but not prevention of leukemia relapse.
Reprogramming of blood cells into induced pluripotent stem cells as a new cell source for cartilage repair
Authors: Li Yueying , Liu Tie , Van Halm-Lutterodt Nicholas , Chen JiaYu , Su Qingjun , Hai Yong 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
An attempt was made to reprogram peripheral blood cells into human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) as a new cell source for cartilage repair.

Methods
We generated chondrogenic lineage from human peripheral blood via hiPSCs using an integration-free method. Peripheral blood cells were either obtained from a human blood bank or freshly collected from volunteers. After transforming peripheral blood cells into iPSCs, the newly derived iPSCs were further characterized through karyotype analysis, pluripotency gene expression and cell differentiation ability. iPSCs were differentiated through multiple steps, including embryoid body formation, hiPSC-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cell expansion, and chondrogenic induction for 21 days. Chondrocyte phenotype was then assessed by morphological, histological and biochemical analysis, as well as the chondrogenic expression.

Results
hiPSCs derived from peripheral blood cells were successfully generated, and were characterized by fluorescent immunostaining of pluripotent markers and teratoma formation in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis showed that MSC markers CD73 and CD105 were present in monolayer cultured hiPSC–MSC-like cells. Both alcian blue and toluidine blue staining of hiPSC–MSC-chondrogenic pellets showed as positive. Immunohistochemistry of collagen II and X staining of the pellets were also positive. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan content was significantly increased, and the expression levels of the chondrogenic markers COL2, COL10, COL9 and AGGRECAN were significantly higher in chondrogenic pellets than in undifferentiated cells. These results indicated that peripheral blood cells could be a potential source for differentiation into chondrogenic lineage in vitro via generation of mesenchymal progenitor cells.

Conclusions
This study supports the potential applications of utilizing peripheral blood cells in generating seed cells for cartilage regenerative medicine in a patient-specific and cost-effective approach.