bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion, Salvation and the ‘Civilising Mission’: Christian Missions and Documentary Film in India (1900–60)
Authors: Sandon Emma 
Published: September 2017

Emma Sandon explores documentaries produced by English and Scottish Christian missions in India in order to highlight similarities and differences in the definition of a ‘civilising mission’ adopted by these missions. While, for example, some focused on means of reaching salvation, others believed in the use of education to both bring about social development and instil Christian values. Sandon also discusses specific previously under-researched films in relation to these issues.
Seminal Ferritin And Seminal Parameters In Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Silva Gilmar Pereira , Carneiro Fabiana Pirani , Grangeiro Vítor Pereira Xavier 
Published: September 2017

Background: to verify the association of seminal parameter (SP) and seminal ferritin(SF) levels in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CH), admitting possible antioxidative activity of SF.
Methods: this was a case-control study in group of 60 men (case) in CH with more than 6 months and group of healthy men(control), aged 18-60 years, without clinical or laboratory signs of infection / inflammation. Patients underwent semen analysis, fertility index(FI) calculation, measurement of SF and hormonal profile(follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone, and prolactin levels).
Results: There were significant differences between cases and control (Table 1) in SP(p = 0.000), sex hormones (p = 0.000) and FI [0, 85(0,57) vs 5,54(1,3), p=0,000]. There was no difference between cases and control(Table 1) in SF levels (226.45 ± 51.03 vs 241.52 ± 30.52, p = 0.137) and age(49,47 ±5,56 vs 47,90 ± 6,22, p=0,229).There was no correlation (Table 2) between SF and FI(r = 0.049, p = 0.711) and SP(p> 0.05).
Conclusion: the results suggest that SF is not associated with changes in seminal parameters in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, and is not useful singly for initial evaluation of seminal parameters.
Is Systemic Inflammation Associated With Elevated PSA Serum Levels In Patients Submitted Chronic Hemodialysis?
Authors: Silva Gilmar Pereira , Grangeiro Vitor Pereira Xavier 
Published: September 2017

Backgroundː whereas that systemic inflammation (SI) affects 40–60% of patients on hemodialysis (HD) is characterized by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level elevation or proinflammatory interleukin production or both. We evaluated the association between SI and total (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) in patients on HD with tPSA <4ng / ml.
Methodsː Sixty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing HD and 20 controls were included. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18-60 years; tPSA < 4 ng/mL without clinically detectable prostate cancer; and patients undergoing HD for >6 months. Patients were excluded if they had local infections or SI. Hs-CRP was measured using turbidimetry, and tPSA and fPSA levels using immunochemoluminescence. Overall, 27 patients had inflammation (hs-CRP >5 mg/L) and 33 had no inflammation (hs-CRP was ≤5 mg/L). In the control group, hs-CRP was ≤ 1 mg/L.
Resultsː there was no significant difference in mean levels among groups 3 and 4 for age (p=0,058), tPSA (p=0,74) and fPSA (p=0,30). The SI did not promote differences between groups 1, 2 and 4 for the levels of tPSA (0,71 ± 0,18 vs 0,67 ± 0,15 vs 0,67 ± 0,11; p=0,69) and fPSA (0,34 ± 0,01 vs 0,34 ± 0,01 vs 0,35 ± 0,01, p= 0,59) . As well as maintained no correlation with tPSA and fPSA (p>0,05).
Conclusionː The systemic inflammation in hemodialytic patients without clinically detectable cancer (PSA<4ng/ml) is no associated with changes fractions of tPSA and fPSA.
Qualité de vie chez les personnes âgées : étude comparative entre personnes âgées d’origine française et immigrés maghrébins
Authors: Boudouda Eddine Nedjem , Gana Kamel 
Published: September 2017

L’objectif de la présente étude est de comparer la qualité de vie de deux populations : une population âgée maghrébine (n= 67) et une population âgée d’origine française (n= 70). Comme indicateurs de la qualité de vie, nous avons utilisé la satisfaction de vie, la satisfaction conjugale, la solitude sociale et émotionnelle, le soutien social perçu (disponibilité et qualité) et le lieu de contrôle (indicateur distal). Nos résultats montrent, d’une part, que les principales différences entre les deux groupes portent sur la solitude sociale et la disponibilité du réseau social. Les immigrés ressentent davantage la solitude sociale et ont moins de soutien dans leur réseau social que les personnes âgées françaises. D’autre part, il y a une plus grande propension, chez les immigrés âgés, à croire que leur vie est déterminée par un autre tout-puissant ou par la chance. Tout en considérant avec précaution ces résultats, il convient d’attirer l’attention sur les conséquences délétères de la solitude. En effet, le lien entre solitude et mortalité est désormais assez connu et semble être dûment éprouvé.
Les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées sont-elles des alternatives à la mesure psychométrique classique de l’intelligence ? Revue de 25 ans de recherche
Authors: Terriot Katia , Grégoire Jacques , Loarer Even 
Published: September 2017

Les tests d’intelligence les plus utilisés aujourd’hui dans le monde sont des tests de performance, mais est-ce la seule manière d’évaluer les capacités cognitives ? D’autres méthodologies existent, notamment les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées, qui consistent à demander au sujet ou à son entourage, soit d’estimer directement son degré d’intelligence, soit d’évaluer sa capacité de réaliser certaines tâches cognitives. L’examen de la littérature fait apparaître que, bien que présentant certaines preuves de validité et de fidélité, ces méthodologies ne peuvent se substituer aux tests de performance, les corrélations entre les deux excédant rarement 0,30. Elles mesureraient probablement des construits distincts. Les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées permettent, néanmoins, en complément des tests d’intelligence, d’augmenter la part de variance prédite de la réussite scolaire, au même titre que d’autres variables conatives, comme la motivation, l’estime de soi ou le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle. Elles apparaîssent également intéressantes dans une perspective de développement personnel, pour confronter les perceptions du sujet ou celles de son entourage aux données objectives fournies par le test.
Le « concept » de lathouse dans l’œuvre de Jacques Lacan. Implications psychologiques, cliniques et sociales
Authors: Martin-Mattera Patrick , Lévy Alexandre 
Published: September 2017

Dans cet article, on se propose d’éclairer, dans la théorie psychanalytique, le sens du « concept » de « lathouse », inventé par Jacques Lacan en 1970. Ce terme plonge ses racines dans la philosophie antique, mais décrit notre modernité, en articulant les effets conjugués du discours de la science et du discours du capitaliste. La « lathouse » est la dernière forme de l’objet décrite par Lacan il y a presque cinquante ans : en quoi cet objet nous concerne-t-il encore aujourd’hui ?
C’est ça que tu veux ? !
Authors: Verstraet Antoine 
Published: September 2017

Patrick Asté est le réalisateur du film Un Français qui retrace le parcours d’un groupe de quatre skinheads entre 1985 et 2013. La haine de la jouissance de l’autre est ce qui les rassemble. Ils pensent savoir ce que ne sont pas les hommes : ce sont les communistes, les homosexuels, les Français d’origine maghrébine. En fait, ce sont tous ceux qui jouissent différemment d’eux. Et les manifestations de cette jouissance leur sont si insupportables qu’ils ne trouvent aucun autre moyen d’y répondre que par la violence. Seul Marco, un des quatre skinheads, parviendra grâce à une heureuse rencontre à rompre avec cette haine. Ainsi, il prendra ses responsabilités et parviendra à acquérir une nouvelle liberté de décision.
Objet-sujet. Observations préliminaires sur les démarches de Jean Bollack et de Peter Szondi Introduit par Franz Kaltenbeck
Authors: Laks André 
Published: September 2017

Jean Bollack (1923-2012), l’helléniste et interprète de la lyrique moderne (spécialement de Paul Celan), et Peter Szondi (1929-1971), le germaniste, sont liés par une réflexion sur le statut et les ressources de la philologie. Le projet était, dans l’un et l’autre cas, de rétablir le lien entre critique et herméneutique, distendu tant par la réduction tendancielle, dès le xix e siècle, de la philologie à la critique textuelle que, plus récemment, par la confiscation de l’herméneutique par l’herméneutique philosophique dérivée de Heidegger et éminemment représentée par Gadamer. L’article explicite, à travers une confrontation sommaire des deux trajectoires intellectuelles de Bollack et de Szondi, ce que recouvre, chez Bollack, les notions d’« herméneutique critique » et d’« historisation radicale » par lesquelles il en était venu à caractériser sa démarche, et à la distinguer de celle de Szondi.
Un traumatisme et son destin
Authors: Boudailliez Sylvie 
Published: September 2017

Le cas illustre la compulsion de répétition du destin d’un sujet marqué par ce qui s’est passé à la génération précédente, lors de la guerre d’Algérie : le père – grand-père du patient – a été tué sauvagement en présence de son fils – père du patient. Le fait qu’un jour celui-ci frappe son fils a des conséquences graves : le patient passe à l’acte, fugue, s’expose dangereusement à « la mauvaise rencontre » avec un pervers et incarne la victime expiatoire pour le grand-père assassiné. La question du diagnostic reste ouverte. S’agit-il d’une névrose traumatique de guerre ? L’accident de travail illustre la réminiscence dont souffrent les hystériques, accompagnée de signes cliniques allant dans le sens d’une névrose traumatique. Ou bien s’agit-t-il d’un traumatisme de guerre chez un sujet qui déclenche une psychose avec la gifle du père ? Par cette gifle surgit un réel terrifiant éjectant le sujet et le précipitant dans cette fugue : réaction paroxystique face au trou dans le symbolique creusé par le défaut du Nom-du-Père appelé par un père réel. L’hypothèse de psychose ne met pas en cause la véracité des propos de ce sujet qui ne délire pas mais dont le discours est dominé par la persécution.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Induces Integrin α4β1 in T Cells and Promotes a Progressive Neuroinflammatory Disease in Mice
Authors: Sorcini Daniele , Bruscoli Stefano , Frammartino Tiziana , Cimino Monica , Mazzon Emanuela , Galuppo Maria , Bramanti Placido , Al-Banchaabouchi Mumna , Farley Dominika , Ermakova Olga , Britanova Olga , Izraelson Mark , Chudakov Dmitry , Biagioli Michele , Sportoletti Paolo , Flamini Sara , Raspa Marcello , Scavizzi Ferdinando , Nerlov Claus , Migliorati Graziella , Riccardi Carlo , Bereshchenko Oxana 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The mechanisms leading to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in the CNS have not been elucidated. The environmental triggers of the aberrant presence of CD4+ T cells in the CNS are not known. In this article, we report that abnormal β-catenin expression in T cells drives a fatal neuroinflammatory disease in mice that is characterized by CNS infiltration of T cells, glial activation, and progressive loss of motor function. We show that enhanced β-catenin expression in T cells leads to aberrant and Th1-biased T cell activation, enhanced expression of integrin α4β1, and infiltration of activated T cells into the spinal cord, without affecting regulatory T cell function. Importantly, expression of β-catenin in mature naive T cells was sufficient to drive integrin α4β1 expression and CNS migration, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of integrin α4β1 reduced the abnormal T cell presence in the CNS of β-catenin–expressing mice. Together, these results implicate deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CNS inflammation and suggest novel therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammatory disorders.
PD-1 Blockade Promotes Epitope Spreading in Anticancer CD8+ T Cell Responses by Preventing Fratricidal Death of Subdominant Clones To Relieve Immunodomination
Authors: Memarnejadian Arash , Meilleur Courtney E. , Shaler Christopher R. , Khazaie Khashayarsha , Bennink Jack R. , Schell Todd D. , Haeryfar S. M. Mansour 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The interactions between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands hamper tumor-specific CD8+ T cell (TCD8) responses, and PD-1-based “checkpoint inhibitors” have shown promise in certain cancers, thus revitalizing interest in immunotherapy. PD-1–targeted therapies reverse TCD8 exhaustion/anergy. However, whether they alter the epitope breadth of TCD8 responses remains unclear. This is an important question because subdominant TCD8 are more likely than immunodominant clones to escape tolerance mechanisms and may contribute to protective anticancer immunity. We have addressed this question in an in vivo model of TCD8 responses to well-defined epitopes of a clinically relevant oncoprotein, large T Ag. We found that unlike other coinhibitory molecules (CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3), PD-1 was highly expressed by subdominant TCD8, which correlated with their propensity to favorably respond to PD-1/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1)-blocking Abs. PD-1 blockade increased the size of subdominant TCD8 clones at the peak of their primary response, and it also sustained their presence, thus giving rise to an enlarged memory pool. The expanded population was fully functional as judged by IFN-γ production and MHC class I–restricted cytotoxicity. The selective increase in subdominant TCD8 clonal size was due to their enhanced survival, not proliferation. Further mechanistic studies utilizing peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding full-length T Ag or epitope mingenes, and tumor cells expressing T Ag variants revealed that anti–PD-1 invigorates subdominant TCD8 responses by relieving their lysis-dependent suppression by immunodominant TCD8. To our knowledge, our work constitutes the first report that interfering with PD-1 signaling potentiates epitope spreading in tumor-specific responses, a finding with clear implications for cancer immunotherapy and vaccination.
NEMO–IKKβ Are Essential for IRF3 and NF-κB Activation in the cGAS–STING Pathway
Authors: Fang Run , Wang Chenguang , Jiang Qifei , Lv Mengze , Gao Pengfei , Yu Xiaoyu , Mu Ping , Zhang Rui , Bi Sheng , Feng Ji-Ming , Jiang Zhengfan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Cytosolic dsDNA activates the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway to produce cytokines, including type I IFNs. The roles of many critical proteins, including NEMO, IKKβ, and TBK1, in this pathway are unclear because of the lack of an appropriate system to study. In this article, we report that lower FBS concentrations in culture medium conferred high sensitivities to dsDNA in otherwise unresponsive cells, whereas higher FBS levels abrogated this sensitivity. Based on this finding, we demonstrated genetically that NEMO was critically involved in the cGAS–STING pathway. Cytosolic DNA activated TRIM32 and TRIM56 to synthesize ubiquitin chains that bound NEMO and subsequently activated IKKβ. Activated IKKβ, but not IKKα, was required for TBK1 and NF-κB activation. In contrast, TBK1 was reciprocally required for NF-κB activation, probably by directly phosphorylating IKKβ. Thus, our findings identified a unique innate immune activation cascade in which TBK1–IKKβ formed a positive feedback loop to assure robust cytokine production during cGAS–STING activation.
Efficient Induction of Ig Gene Hypermutation in Ex Vivo–Activated Primary B Cells
Authors: Liu Jun , Xiong Ermeng , Zhu Hanying , Mori Hiromi , Yasuda Shoya , Kinoshita Kazuo , Tsubata Takeshi , Wang Ji-Yang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates both somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of Ig genes. How AID is targeted to the Ig V gene and switch region to trigger SHM and CSR remains elusive. Primary B cells stimulated with CD40L plus IL-4 or LPS plus IL-4 undergo efficient CSR, but it has been difficult to induce SHM in these cells. In the current study, we used B cells from B1-8hi mice carrying a prerecombined VH186.2DFL16.1JH2 Ab gene to investigate the induction of SHM under in vitro culture conditions. B1-8hi splenic B cells stimulated with CD40L plus IL-4 or LPS plus IL-4 underwent robust CSR to IgG1, but failed to generate SHM in the VH186.2 gene. Remarkably, ectopic expression of AID in AID-deficient, but not wild-type, B1-8hi B cells induced efficient SHM at a rate close to that observed in germinal center B cells. We further established an AID-deficient CH12 B lymphoma line and found that ectopic expression of AID in the mutant line, but not in AID-sufficient CH12 cells, induced efficient point mutations and deletions in the V gene. These results demonstrate that the endogenous AID in ex vivo–activated primary B and B lymphoma cells not only cannot induce SHM but also inhibit the induction of SHM by the exogenous AID. Our results further suggest that the spatiotemporal distribution and/or posttranslational modification of AID strongly affects the induction of SHM in ex vivo–activated primary B cells.
Corrosion Resistance Evaluation and Effects of Prior Corrosion and Stress on Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir Welded AA2024-T3
Authors: Okada Takao , Machida Shigeru , Nakamura Toshiya 
Published: September 2017

The corrosion resistance of 2024-T3 (UNS A92024) Al alloy with no clad layer and that of friction stir welded (FSW) joint specimens fabricated from the same material were evaluated. The surfaces of both the alloy base material and FSW joint specimens were ground out before being exposed to a 3.0% sodium chloride solution at 60°C for 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. The corrosion pits on the base material samples were found to be randomly distributed, while those on the FSW joint were formed around the edge and center of the weld line. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry indicated constituent particles containing Mg at the grain boundaries in the thermomechanically affected zone and stir zone of the FSW joint; this Mg content aggravated the corrosion damage in those regions. The depth and volume of the corrosion pits in the FSW joint were greater than those in the base material. However, the aspect ratios of the corrosion pits in the base material and FSW were similar. Prior-corroded specimens were fatigue tested to evaluate the effect of corrosion damage. The fatigue life of the base material with corrosion damage was slightly shorter than that of the FSW joint specimens with corrosion damage, and the fatigue life of an uncorroded FSW joint specimen was more than 10 times longer than that of a corroded specimen. Thus, corrosion damage has a severely detrimental effect on fatigue life. Further, fracture surface observation revealed that the fracture origins in the FSW joint specimens tended to be multiple corrosion pits; however, the corrosion pits with the greatest depth or volume did not necessarily become fracture origins in the base material or FSW joints.
The Science of Sympathy
Authors: Boddice Rob 
Published: September 2017

In his Descent of Man, Charles Darwin placed sympathy at the crux of morality in civilized society. His idea buttressed the belief that white, upper-class, educated men deserved their sense of superiority by virtue of good breeding. It also implied that progress could be steered by envisioning a new blueprint for sympathy that redefined moral actions carried out in sympathy's name. Rob Boddice joins a daring intellectual history of sympathy to a portrait of how the first Darwinists defined and employed it. Combining the history of emotions, the history of medicine, the history of science and the history of morality, Boddice shows how specific interpretations of Darwinism sparked a cacophonous discourse intent on displacing previous notions of sympathy. Scientific and medical progress demanded that "cruel" practices like vivisection, an essential part of new research in physiology, and compulsory vaccination be seen as moral for their ultimate goal of alleviating suffering. Some even saw the so-called unfit--natural targets of sympathy--as a danger to society and encouraged sympathy for the "fit" alone, placing this emotion at the heart of eugenics. Right or wrong, these early Darwinists formed a moral economy that acted on a new system of ethics, reconceptualised obligations, and executed new duties. Boddice persuasively argues that the bizarre, even dangerous formulations of sympathy they invented influence society and civilization in the present day.
Sitting on the Volcano
Authors: Ben-Ephraim Shaiel , Honig Or 
Published: September 2017

Shaiel Ben-Ephraim’s and Or Honig’s chapter focuses on the lynching and mob violence between Jews and Arabs in the area known as mandatory Palestine, and later as the State of Israel and the occupied territories. Ben-Ephraim and Honig seek to answer two questions: when and why has lynching and mob violence occurred, and how has it affected the development of the Zionist-Palestinian conflict. The chapter focuses on two periods of intercommunal conflict in which lynching and mob violence took place: the British Mandate period (1920-1948), and the period following the eruption of the first Palestinian Uprising “Intifada” (1987) until today. Ben-Ephraim and Honig find that the main variable determining the use of lynching attacks was the level of institutionalization of national political movements. When there are organized institutions and society is more organized, organized forms of violence such as uprisings or terrorism tend to be more prevalent since society or elements of it can be mobilized to act in a more systematic fashion. Lynching and mob violence reflect a lack of political institutionalization because the leadership possesses the ability to incite, yet lacks the tools to restrain or guide, the violence it inspires. By contrast, when the national movements are well institutionalized, Ben-Ephraim and Honig argue, more spontaneous acts of violence tend instead to take the form of sporadic acts of vengeance.
“In the name of God … and in the interest of our country”
Authors: Marinari Maddalena 
Published: September 2017

This chapter discusses how Cold War geopolitical exigencies provided long-time immigration reform advocates like Italian Americans with a narrow window of opportunity to challenge the draconian immigration system in place in the United States since the Immigration Act of 1924 and mobilize for reform. After two decades of failed attempts, Italian Americans, thanks to the help and support they received from the American Catholic Church, finally created a successful immigration reform advocacy organization, the American Committee on Italian Migration (ACIM), which subsequently emerged as one of the leading actors for the immigration reform overhaul of 1965. The Church provided the group with the ideology, the resources, and the connections to be successful, while simultaneously shielding it from accusations of disloyalty.