bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcirculation Pipeline embolization device deployment: a rescue technique
Authors: Valle-Giler Edison P. , Atallah Elias , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: June 2017

The Pipeline embolization device (PED) has become a very important tool in the treatment of nonruptured cerebral aneurysms. However, a patient’s difficult anatomy or vascular stenosis may affect the device delivery. The purpose of this article was to describe an alternate technique for PED deployment when ipsilateral anatomy is not amenable for catheter navigation.A 44-year-old woman with a symptomatic 6-mm right superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm and a known history of right internal carotid artery dissection presented for PED treatment of her aneurysm. An angiogram showed persistence of the arterial dissection with luminal stenosis after 6 months of dual antiplatelet treatment. The contralateral internal carotid artery was catheterized and the PED was deployed via a transcirculation approach, using the anterior communicating artery. Transcirculation deployment of a PED is a viable option when ipsilateral anatomy is difficult or contraindicated for this treatment.
Clinical And Epidemiological Aspects Of Hepatitis B Virus And Hepatitis C Virus In Fortaleza-Ceara
Authors: Brito Gizelly Castelo Branco , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte , Lima Ivana Cristina Vieira de , Bravo Lia Guedes , Dutra Patrícia Alencar , Oliveira Elys Bezerra , Ferreira Adriana Kelly Almeida 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Viral hepatitis is among the main problems that affect public health globally. The knowledge of the clinical and epidemiological situation of hepatitis B and hepatitis C is necessary for the establishment of prevention and control strategies together with individuals and communities in vulnerable situations.
Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the population affected by hepatitis B and hepatitis C from 2007 to 2014, in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective study involving data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, with analysis of gender, age, race, illicit drug use, sex partnerships, tattoo/piercing, transfusion, dialysis and transplantation. Chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis of the variables.
Results: It was reported 779 cases of hepatitis B and 756 of hepatitis C. Regarding the HBV, 69.7% were male, 77.5% of brown color, and a median age of 36 years. Regarding risk factors, there was highlight for sexual practice and number of sex partners (p = 0.001), blood transfusion (p = 0.011) and use of tattoo/piercing (p = 0.011). As for HCV, 57.7% were male and the mean age was 46 years. As for risk factors, the injecting drug use (p = 0.001), the presence of three or more partners (p = 0.001) and the use of tattoo/piercing (p = 0.021) stood out. Regardless of gender, age or race and drug use, transfusions and age over 40 years increased the risk for hepatitis. There were still high percentages of missing data in several variables.
Conclusion: This study contributes to alert the Brazilian health authorities on the importance of these infections and the need to expand and strengthen current health policies, and allows reflection on control strategies for hepatitis.
Keywords: Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Risk factors.
Modeling the Black Hole Merger of QSO 3C 186
Authors: Lousto Carlos O. , Zlochower Yosef , Campanelli Manuela 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Recent detailed observations of the radio-loud quasar 3C 186 indicate the possibility that a supermassive recoiling black hole is moving away from the host galaxy at a speed of nearly 2100 km s−1. If this is the case, we can model the mass ratio and spins of the progenitor binary black hole using the results of numerical relativity simulations. We find that the black holes in the progenitor must have comparable masses with a mass ratio

and the spin of the primary black hole must be

. The final remnant of the merger is bounded by

, and at least 4% of the total mass of the binary system is radiated into gravitational waves. We consider four different pre-merger scenarios that further narrow those values. Assuming, for instance, a cold accretion driven merger model, we find that the binary had comparable masses with

and the normalized spins of the larger and smaller black holes were

and

. We can also estimate the final recoiling black hole spin

and that the system radiated

of its total mass, making the merger of those black holes the most energetic event ever observed.
Caspofungin Increases Fungal Chitin and Eosinophil and γδ T Cell–Dependent Pathology in Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Amarsaikhan Nansalmaa , Sands Ethan M. , Shah Anand , Abdolrasouli Ali , Reed Anna , Slaven James E. , Armstrong-James Darius , Templeton Steven P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The polysaccharide-rich fungal cell wall provides pathogen-specific targets for antifungal therapy and distinct molecular patterns that stimulate protective or detrimental host immunity. The echinocandin antifungal caspofungin inhibits synthesis of cell wall β-1,3-glucan and is used for prophylactic therapy in immune-suppressed individuals. However, breakthrough infections with fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are associated with caspofungin prophylaxis. In this study, we report in vitro and in vivo increases in fungal surface chitin in A. fumigatus induced by caspofungin that was associated with airway eosinophil recruitment in neutropenic mice with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IA). More importantly, caspofungin treatment of mice with IA resulted in a pattern of increased fungal burden and severity of disease that was reversed in eosinophil-deficient mice. Additionally, the eosinophil granule proteins major basic protein and eosinophil peroxidase were more frequently detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung transplant patients diagnosed with IA that received caspofungin therapy when compared with azole-treated patients. Eosinophil recruitment and inhibition of fungal clearance in caspofungin-treated mice with IA required RAG1 expression and γδ T cells. These results identify an eosinophil-mediated mechanism for paradoxical caspofungin activity and support the future investigation of the potential of eosinophil or fungal chitin-targeted inhibition in the treatment of IA.
Usefulness of the HIV Dementia Scale in Nigerian patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ogunrin Olubunmi A , Eze Emeka U , Alika Francis 
Published: June 2017

Objective: Information on the cognitive complications of HIV/AIDS from sub-Saharan Africa, where statistics on HIV is alarming, is sparse because of lack of validated cognitive tools. This study assessed the usefulness and predictive validity of the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) as a screening tool among HIV-positive Nigerian Africans.
Design: HIV-positive patients were randomly selected over a period of two months.
Setting: The HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic of the University teaching hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
Subjects: Asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-positive patients were compared with age, sex and level of education-matched controls.
Outcome measures: Cognitive performances on the modified HIV Dementia scale.
Results: The performances of 160 HIV-positive (comprising 80 asymptomatic and 80 symptomatic) subjects were compared with 80 age, sex and level of education-matched HIV-negative subjects on the HDS. The mean HDS scores (maximum =12) were 10.78±1.18 (comparison subjects), 8.85±1.38 (asymptomatic) and 5.2±1.13 (symptomatic); p
Which clinical parameters predict a positive CSF diagnosis of meningitis in a population with high HIV prevalence?
Authors: Loughborough Will , Jones Louisa , Abouyannis Michael , Garach Sharadh 
Published: June 2017

Background. The HIV epidemic has changed the aetiology of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa, and frontline clinicians are faced with a variety of meningitic presentations. Doctors working in resource-limited settings have the challenge of appropriately selecting patients for lumbar puncture (LP), a potentially risky procedure that requires laboratory analysis. Methods. In a rural South African hospital, the practice of performing LPs was audited against local guidelines. Data were collected retrospectively between February and June 2013. Symptoms and signs of meningitis, HIV status, investigations performed prior to LP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results were recorded. With the aim of determining statistically significant clinical predictors of meningitis, parameters were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results. A total of 107 patients were included, of whom 43% had an abnormal CSF result. The majority (76%) of patients were HIV-positive (CD4+ cell count <200 cells/µl in 46%). Cryptococcal meningitis (CCM) was the most prevalent microbiological diagnosis, confirmed in 10 out of 12 patients. Of the non-microbiological diagnoses, lymphocytic predominance was the most common abnormality, present in 17 out of 33 patients. Confusion (p=0.011) was the most statistically significant predictor of an abnormal CSF result. Headache (p=0.355), fever (p=0.660) and photophobia (p=0.634) were not statistically predictive.Conclusion. The high incidence of CCM correlates with previous data from sub-Saharan Africa. In populations with high HIV prevalence, the classic meningitic symptoms of headache, fever and photophobia, while common presenting symptoms, are significantly less predictive of a meningitis diagnosis than confusion.
Psychological distress and tension-type headache among health professional senior students in a historically black university in south africa.
Authors: Amosun S.L. , Naido P. 
Published: June 2017

Studies in well-defined populations contribute to the body ofevidence that the psychosocial aspects of people’s environment can have a substantial effect on their physical health. Senior students in health professional education programs were interviewed using structured instruments to assess the prevalence of psychological distress and tension-type headaches in a young adult university population. Almost 70%of the study sample was either at risk of becoming distressed, or already distressed with somatic or depressive symptoms. About two-thirds of thestudents reported symptoms of either tension-type headache or other typesof headache, while over 30% of all the students complained of tension-type headache. Almost 20% of the students whoreported symptoms of tension-type headache were also distressed, while another 47% were at risk of being distressed.The possible impact on the academic performance of the students and their future role as health care professionalsis discussed.
Basic guidelines for preparing a case report
Authors: Papadopoulos M. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The case report approach is a method of publication frequently used by clinicians to share data. The case report is a valuable research and education resource.Purpose: The purpose of this article is to define a case report and to present basic guidelines for preparing a case report.Method: The case report should include an introduction, literature review, case description, outcome section, discussion and summary. These components are presented and discussed briefly.
Psychosocial factors associated with acute cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Conradie M. , Bester M. M. , Crous L. C. 
Published: June 2017

Pain is an individual multi-dimensional experience, depending on contributions from the sensory, affective and cognitive dimensions. Only a few studies investigated the psychosocial factors associated with cervical radiculopathy (CR). These studies suggested that chronic CR affects functional abilities, emotional and cognitive states. This descriptive study determined (1) whether psychological factors were present, (2) the impact of pain on the ability to perform activities of daily living, and (3) the correlation between pain intensity, emotional state and functional abilities. The researcher, a physiotherapist, interviewed 21 subjects whose clinical diagnosis of acute CR made by a neurosurgeon [and confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], to determine the cognitive dimension. Three standardized questionnaires, namely the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ long form) were administrated to assess the pain intensity, emotional state, total pain experience and functional abilities. Central tendencies were determined by calculating the mean andmedian. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficient test was performed to establish correlations between variables.Results suggested that radicular pain is not only a sensory experience since altered emotional and cognitive stateswere present, which frequently influenced functional abilities. Correlations existed between functional abilities, emotional state and total pain experience, as well as anxiety and depression levels. Higher anxiety than depression levels were found. Thoughts on beliefs and coping strategies were affected. We concluded that clinicians should also address the psychosocial factors and consider the functional impact of the disease, during the assessment and management of acute CR.
Do clinical features and MRI suggest the same nerve root in acute cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Conradie M. , Bester M. M. , Crous L. C. , Kidd M. 
Published: June 2017

Different proposed pathophysiological mechanisms can result in variable clinical presentations of cervical radiculopathy (CR), often making it difficult to detect minor nerve root (NR) conditions. This descriptive study determined (1) the level(s) of NR involvement suggested by the distribution patterns of clinical features and detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) the most common associations between the different variables in patients diagnosed with acute CR by a neurosurgeon. A physiotherapist blinded to the level(s) of NR involvement performed a standardized interview on 21 subjects to determine the distribution patterns of pain and paraesthesia, and a neurological examination. The Fisher exact test was used to determine associations between the different variables. Only seven subjects presented clinically and radiologically with the same single-level NR involvement. Multiple- level presentations occurred which might be due to dermatomal overlapping, central sensitization or the possible involvement of two adjacent NR levels. Distribution patterns of motor weakness, pain and paraesthesia, and to a lesser extent sensory and reflex changes, have value in identifying the compressed NR level. For this sample the distri-bution patterns of radicular features identified C6 and C8 with more certainty than C7.
Ethics of placebo use in randomised studies: primer for physiotherapists
Authors: Amusat N. T. 
Published: June 2017

Evidence based practice is driving the need to establish effectiveness of interventions employed by health professionals. The need to show effectiveness for interventions employed by physiotherapists has not been greater. This has led to an increase in the body of evidence available on physiotherapeutic methods. The quality of the evidence, however, has made it difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the effect of some of these interventions. There is therefore a call for improved methodologies in physiotherapy effectiveness studies. These needs may prompt even greater use of randomized trials with or without a placebo arm, which are regarded as the best way to show effectiveness. The use of placebo rather than an active comparator has advantages in showing absolute effectiveness of interventions. However, there may be ethical concerns posed by its use in clinical trials. The balance is therefore required between good ethics and sound science. The goal of this article is to provide physiotherapists with a basic knowledge of the ethics of placebo use in randomized studies. This should prepare researchers to better balance ethical needs with scientific imperatives when designing effectiveness studies.
Status of referral to physiotherapy among hiv positive patients at Chris Hani Baragwaneth hospital johannesburg South Africa 2005
Authors: Myezwa H. , Stewart A. , Mbambo N. , Nesara P. 
Published: June 2017

HIV continues to be a major health problem in South Africa.The multiple diagnoses that the disease presents with, needs a holistic and comprehensive management approach. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation play a role in this management approach. Understanding the full scope of conditions that are present and those that are suitable for physiotherapy intervention is an essential prerequisite to developing appropriate curricula, intervention models or systems. It is accepted that HIV rehabilitation interventions are based largely on functional deficits ( O’Dell 1996), however in South Africa functional deficits have not been fully explored. A common starting point, with the medical model of management was considered to be at the diagnosis level as this information would be more readily available than functional deficits.Purpose: This study aimed to establish how much and in which aeitiology is physiotherapy involved in the management of HIV within an inpatient hospital setting at Chris Hani Baragwaneth Hospital. This minor study forms part of a larger study establishing physiotherapy curricula needs.Method: Aretrospective review of patient records was carried out in order to identify conditions suitable for physiotherapy and to determine the referral patterns to physiotherapy.Findings: Of the 732 records reviewed and used in the study, 47% (n=344) of the patients were HIV positive. From theserecords, 19% (n=139) had diagnoses considered suitable for physiotherapy and only 2% (n=3) of these 139 patientswere referred to physiotherapy.Conclusion: Almost half of the patients in the medical units were HIV positive. Although the referral rate was verylow, some of these patients presented with diagnosis that are traditionally seen by physiotherapists. None of the patients’records indicated examination of the patients’ physical status such as exercise tolerance, mobility, muscle strength,lung function or pain. This study is by no means fully representative of the full scope of the epidemiology of conditionsthat can be seen by physiotherapists or their referral status but does give some indication of what conditions are, and could potentially interface with physiotherapy.
Patient satisfaction with the physiotherapy service in an intensive care unit
Authors: Stiller K. , Wiles L. 
Published: June 2017

Patient satisfaction with physiotherapy treatment is animportant outcome measure that is often overlooked. The aim of thisquality assurance activity was to assess patients’ satisfaction with thephysiotherapy service provided in an intensive care unit (ICU). A question-naire evaluating factors pertaining to patient satisfaction was specificallydesigned for use in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to patientswho had spent a minimum of two weeks in the Royal Adelaide HospitalICU, within a few days of transfer to a general ward. Thirty five patientscompleted the questionnaire over the 15 month study period. Respondentsreported a high degree of satisfaction with the personal characteristics ofthe physiotherapists seen and the physiotherapy service provided in ICU.
Physiotherapy services required at primary health care level in gauteng and limpopo provinces (service provider’s perspective -physiotherapists/assistants)
Authors: Maleka Douglas , Franzsen D. , Stewart A. 
Published: June 2017

This study was conducted to determine the opinion of physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants with regards to physiotherapyservices required at a Primary Health Care (PHC) level in two provinces ofSouth Africa, one being urban (Gauteng) and the other one more rural(Limpopo). Using a descriptive study design, a sample consisting of 728 physio-therapists and assistants was selected from the HPCSA register list. Datacollection was by a self-administered questionnaire. Sixty six percent of physiotherapists in Gauteng Province and 68% inLimpopo Province agreed that promotive services are required whereas thepercentage for physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng province and Limpopoprovince were 78% and 89% respectively. Preventative services were suggested by 82% and 85% by physiotherapistsand 95% and 96% by physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng and Limpopo. Eighty nine percent and 88% of physio-therapists, 80% and 85% of physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng and Limpopo respectively agreed that curative services are required. Rehabilitative services were suggested to be required by 83% and 90% of physiotherapists, 85% and 95% by physiotherapy assistants in Gauteng and Limpopo respectively.
Validation of the Tswana Versions of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Quebec Disability Scale and Waddell Disability Index
Authors: De Beer N. , Stewart A. , Becker P. 
Published: June 2017

The use of reliable and valid outcome measures inclinical research as well as clinical practice is very important. Selfreported questionnaires are widely used as outcome measures to assessthe subjective perception of disability caused by low back pain (LBP).The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Quebec DisabilityScale (QDS) and Waddell Disability Index (W DI) have been identifiedas reliable and valid instruments for assessing disability caused by LPBin English speaking patients. The fact that we do not yet have a validatedand published version of the RMDQ, QDS and W DI in a local SouthA frican language was the motivation to undertake this study. The threequestionnaires were translated, back-translated and tested in a final version for use with Tswana speaking subjects. The questionnaires were tested on one hundred respondents, who metthe inclusion criteria, at five hospitals in Tswana speaking areas. Of the one hundred respondents 31 were retested 24 hours later. The Visual A nalogue Pain Intensity Scale (VA S-Pain) and Disability Rating Index (DRI) were used ascorrelation tools. There was moderate correlation between the RMDQ and the DRI (0.74) and the W DI and the DRI(0.63). The correlation between the QDS and DRI was strong (0.85). The RMDQ, QDS and W DI correlated moderatelywith the VA S-Pain (0.63, 0.68 and 0.74, respectively). The RMDQ, QDS and W DI appeared to be internally consistentscales with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.92, 0.95 and 0.75, respectively. The RMDQ, QDS and W DI showed excel-lent test-retest reliability with intra-class correlation coefficient values of 0.93, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. The resultssuggest that the Tswana versions of the RMDQ, QDS and W DI validated in this study are easy to understand, validand reliable instruments for the measurement of functional disability caused by LBP in a Tswana speaking population.Therefore these translated instruments may be useful clinical instruments for collecting standardised data on activitylimitations resulting from LBP in a Tswana speaking population.
Outcome measurement for orthopaedic trauma inpatients
Authors: Moghazy E. , Louw Q. 
Published: June 2017

In clinical physiotherapy, there is growing importance for theaccuracy and reliability of assessment and outcome measures. There are nooutcome measure instruments for orthopaedic trauma inpatients published inthe literature. This paper reports on the initial research to develop an outcomemeasure for orthopaedic trauma inpatients. Item generation was done by doinga systematic review of published functional outcome measures. Item reductionwas conducted by using a panel of physiotherapists and patients. A total of115 functional items were generated and this was reduced to 29 functionalitems deemed appropriate for othopaedic trauma inpatients. A lthough furtherpsychometric properties should now be tested, the draft outcome measure can serve as a guide in the education ofundergraduate students as well as to clinicians working in orthopedic trauma wards.