bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomische Aberrationen in caninen Mammakarzinomen und deren Nachweis in zellfreier plasmatischer DNA
Authors: Brenig Bertram 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungTumoren des Gesauges sind die haufigste Krebsart bei Hundinnen, die eine grose histopathologische Variabilitat aufweisen. Jedoch ist uber die genaue genomische Zusammensetzung dieser Tumore nur wenig bekannt. ImRahmen einer Studie haben wir Mammakarzinome von funf Hundinnen mit modernen Hochdurchsatzsequenzierungstechnologien auf strukturelle und Kopienzahlveranderungen im Vergleich zum somatischen Genom analysiert und diese mit einer „droplet“ digitalen PCR (ddPCR) validiert. Neben chromosomalen Aneuploidien konnten auserdem kleinere Deletionen und interchromosomale Fusionen in den Tumoren nachgewiesen werden. Haufig waren von den Aberrationen bekannte Oncogene, wie cMYC und KIT, betroffen. In vier der Tumoren konnte eine Deletion des proximalen Endes von Chromosom 27 nachgewiesen werden, in der das Tumorsuppressorgen Prefoldin 5 (PFDN5) gelegen ist. Mittels ddPCR konnte diese Deletion in 50%derMammakarzinome (N = 20) detektiert werden. Zum Nachweis der Deletion in zellfreier plasmatischer DNA wurde eine Bruchpunkt spezifische PCR entwickelt. Bei einerHundin konnten spezifische Signale noch ein Jahr nach der Operation festgestellt werden, welche auf eine Lungenmetastase zuruckzufuhrenwaren. Durch Sequenzierung der zellfreien plasmatischen DNA konnte gezeigtwerden, dass samtliche chromosomalenAberrationen auch im Blut der Hundinnen nachweisbar waren. Neben spezifischen caninen zeigten die identifizierten Veranderungen Ahnlichkeiten mit humanen Tumoren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es moderne Hochdurchsatzsequenzierungstechnologien erlauben individuelle Tumormarker zu identifizieren, die eine gezielte Uberwachung der Tumorentwicklung und Metastasierung ermoglichen.
Financial Constraints and the Response of Business Investment to Monetary Policy Shocks
Authors: Haase Timothy J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this study I investigate what impact monetary policy shocks have on firms’ fixed investment, the less liquid portion of gross investment that requires more planning. I account for firms facing financial constraints firms by utilizing a common measure of asset size, which is used in previous literature. I use two exogenous, continuous series of monetary policy shocks to show that constrained firms have statistically different responses to policy than unconstrained firms. Specifically, I find that constrained firms’ fixed investment significantly responds more to monetary policy shocks than unconstrained firms.
Importance of Macroprudential Policy Implementation for Safeguarding Financial Stability
Authors: Vučinić Milena 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The crisis pointed to the necessity for strong and stable financial system resistant to potential risks and shocks. Macroprudential policy is used to identify, monitor and asses systemic risks to financial stability. Therefore, it is very important to create effective and efficient macroprudential policy. To achieve this, it is crucial to create a strong institutional framework.
This paper deals with the importance of macroprudential policy for financial system stability. The first part of the paper explains the macroprudential policy and its connection with other economic policies. The second part refers to the necessity of building strong institutional framework and the importance of providing clear responsibilities for macroprudential policy, as long as precise determination of responsibilities is very suggested and important for further functioning and policy implementation. Responsibilities for macro-prudential policy and macroprudential supervision defers among countries.
Affirmation of the Legal Status of Taxpayers in Montenegro
Authors: Božović Srđa 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Public needs cannot be adequately funded without a clear and legally based affirmative legal status of taxpayers. The promotion and protection of their rights and regular fulfilment of tax obligations by taxpayers is the basis of fiscal and financial stability of the country and other public collectivities. It is essential for Montenegro to overcome the traditional gap between taxpayers and tax administration through their partnership. At the same time, we must not jeopardize the basic purpose of taxation - legal and timely payment of taxes. Simple and stable tax regulations and a non-discriminating and subtle approach to building tax discipline and development of tax morale should serve that purpose.
Detecting Fraudulent Interviewers by Improved Clustering Methods – The Case of Falsifications of Answers to Parts of a Questionnaire
Authors: De Haas Samuel , Winker Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Falsified interviews represent a serious threat to empirical research based on survey data. The identification of such cases is important to ensure data quality. Applying cluster analysis to a set of indicators helps to identify suspicious interviewers when a substantial share of all of their interviews are complete falsifications, as shown by previous research. This analysis is extended to the case when only a share of questions within all interviews provided by an interviewer is fabricated. The assessment is based on synthetic datasets with a priori set properties. These are constructed from a unique experimental dataset containing both real and fabricated data for each respondent. Such a bootstrap approach makes it possible to evaluate the robustness of the method when the share of fabricated answers per interview decreases. The results indicate a substantial loss of discriminatory power in the standard cluster analysis if the share of fabricated answers within an interview becomes small. Using a novel cluster method which allows imposing constraints on cluster sizes, performance can be improved, in particular when only few falsifiers are present. This new approach will help to increase the robustness of survey data by detecting potential falsifiers more reliably.
Multivariate Beta Regression with Application in Small Area Estimation
Authors: Souza Debora F. , Moura Fernando A. S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Multivariate beta regression models for jointly modelling two or more variables whose values belong in the (0,1) interval, such as indexes, rates or proportions, are proposed for making small area predictions. The multivariate model can help the estimation process by borrowing strength between units and obtaining more precise estimates, especially for small samples. Each response variable is assumed to have a beta distribution so the models could accommodate multivariate asymmetric data. Copula functions are used to construct the joint distribution of the dependent variables; all the marginal distributions are fixed as beta. A hierarchical beta regression model is additionally proposed with correlated random effects. We present an illustration of the proposed approach by estimating two indexes of educational attainment at school level in a Brazilian state. Our predictions are compared with separate univariate beta regressions. The inference process was conducted using a full Bayesian approach.
Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease
Authors: Bahramian Donya , Naraghi Laleh , Heydari Asghar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFungal antagonist,Talaromyces flavus, is one of the most important biological agents of soil-borne fungal diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt. In this study, to increase the effectiveness ofT. flavusisolates obtained from greenhouse cucumbers and field grown tomatoes five chemical stabilizers were evaluated. Based on the results of previous studies, the most effective substrate for the growth, sporulation and stability ofT. flavusisolates related to the above-mentioned plants was a mix of rice bran and peatmoss. Different chemical stabilizers were mixed with the above-mentioned substrate containing spore suspensions of variousT. flavusisolates. For each plant, a completely randomized experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with seven treatments and three replications. The results of this study indicated that treatments containing sodium nitrate and D-cycloserine were more effective than those containing other stabilizers. The overall results of this study suggest that the use of some chemical stabilizers may enhance the biocontrol potential of fungal antagonists in controlling different plant diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt.
Unconventional alternatives for control of tomato root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Hamza Amany , Mohamed Ahmed , Derbalah Aly 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study was done to assess the antifungal effect of some biocontrol agents effective microorganisms (EMs1), Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus pumilus, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, black cumin and wheat germ oils as well as the recommended fungicide (flutolanil) against root rot of tomato. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) examination was completed to identify the bioactive compounds in plant oils (dark cumin and wheat germ). Also the impact of these medicines on some biochemical and growth parameters of tomato was examined. Flutolanil was the best treatment followed by dark cumin, TiO2, EMs1, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus pumilus and wheat germ oil, individually in both test seasons. The outcomes demonstrated a marked increase in each biochemical character (chlorophyll substance, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) and plant development (height and fresh and dry weight) under all the tried treatments in comparison to the controls.
Effect of Enterococcus faecium EF 55 on morphometry and proliferative activity of intestinal mucosa in broilers infected with Salmonella Enteritidis
Authors: Ševčíková Zuzana , Blanár Ján , Lauková Andrea , Revajová Viera , Strompfová Viola , Levkut Mikuláš 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Enterococcus faecium EF55 on chickens, as well as its influence on proliferative activity of epithelial intestinal cells after infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (SE PT4). Moreover, the length and area of duodenal and jejunal villi of the birds were examined.

Material and Methods: A pool of 80 birds was divided randomly into four groups. Probiotic group (EF) and Salmonella + probiotic group (EFSE) received E. faecium EF55 (109 CFU – 3 g per group/day) during 22 d. Salmonella group (SE) and EFSE group were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (108 CFU in 0.2 mL PBS) in a single dose per os on day four of the experiment, whereas control birds (C group) received only 0.2 mL of PBS on that day. Samples were taken on the 4th and 18th day post infection.

Results: Supplementation of feed with E. faecium EF 55 confirmed its selective antibacterial activity against SE PT4. The chickens infected with SE PT4 and fed E. faecium EF55 supplemented diet showed increased proliferative activity of enterocytes in the jejunum in both samplings. Applied probiotic strain demonstrated positive impact on intestinal morphometry in the jejunum of both non-infected groups and in Salmonella-infected chickens. In the latter group, the beneficial effect of E. faecium EF 55 was manifested by more efficient tissue turnover in the jejunum.
Activity of β-lactam antibiotics against certain microorganisms which cause mastitis in cows
Authors: Burmańczuk Artur , Kowalski Cezary , Roliński Zbigniew , Zań Rafał , Krasucka Dorota 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction:The objective of this study was to determine the current profile of bacteria responsible for the infection of the mammary gland and to assess their sensitivity to selected β-lactam antibiotics.Material and Methods:The study was conducted on 119 (n = 119) dairy cows of the Polish Black-White breed aged 4 to 10 years with inflammation of the mammary gland. The cows came from different farms: smallholder farms and large dairy cattle farms in the Lublin and Bialystok Provinces. Before the process of collection of milk samples, the teats were cleaned and immersed in a liquid disinfectant. The first streams were collected into containers which were subsequently utilised. Afterwards, 2-4 mL of milk or secretions was milked into sterile disposable tubes. The milk samples were collected into plastic bottles and kept in a cooler with ice until transportation to the laboratory. Tests of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics were performed by disc diffusion.Results:Contagious and environmental bacteria were isolated from all dairy barns. In the group of contagious bacteria, the presence of typical pathogens responsible for the mammary gland infections,i.e. Staph. aureus,Str. agalactiae, andC. bovis, was detected. A relatively broad group of the isolates was formed by environmental bacteria responsible for inflammation of the mammary gland:Str. dysgalactiae, Str. uberis, Staph. chromogenes, Staph. hyicus, Staph. warneri, andE. coli.Among the environmental organisms, streptococci constituted the largest percentage (23%), followed by staphylococci (13.2%), andE. coli(8.8%). The largest group of infectious pathogens comprisedStr. agalactiae(29.6%) andStaph. aureus(20.8%).Conclusion:Our investigation of the current profile of the isolates responsible for mastitis in the Lublin and Bialystok Provinces showed that environmental bacteria are the major cause of the disease. In view of the substantially varying degrees of sensitivity of the microorganisms isolated from cases of mastitis to β-lactam antibiotics, each therapeutic treatment should be preceded by susceptibility testing.
Effect of doxycycline concentrations in chicken tissues as a consequence of permanent exposure to enrofloxacin traces in drinking water
Authors: Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Posyniak Andrzej , Śniegocki Tomasz , Sell Bartosz , Gajda Anna , Tomczyk Grzegorz , Żmudzki Jan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction: The main problem in poultry farming is the difficulty in producing food of animal origin without using antibacterial agents. Because most antibacterial compounds are dispensed in water, some water supply systems can be contaminated by antibiotics which are then administered to the animals unintentionally. This can lead to unexpected increases in antibiotic residues in food of animal origin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the constant exposure of chicken broilers to enrofloxacin affects the withdrawal time of a therapeutic doxycycline that is intentionally administered to the chickens.

Material and Methods: The concentrations of doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were determined by LC-MS/MS in muscles and liver of the chickens.

Results: Doxycycline residue concentrations in the chicken tissues from the group that received trace amounts of enrofloxacin were nearly 50% greater than those of the group that received only doxycycline.

Conclusion: These results indicated that constant exposure to enrofloxacin in trace amounts significantly influences the residual doxycycline concentration in chicken tissues.
Influence of post-mortem muscle glycogen content on the quality of beef during aging
Authors: Onopiuk Anna , Półtorak Andrzej , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Glycolic changes which occur post-mortem have an impact on the physical and sensory features of beef, which in turn determine the successive processes and influence such beef quality traits as colour, tenderness, and cooling loss. The aim of this study was evaluation of the post-mortem changes in bovine meat during aging, quantitative analysis of glycogen and lactic acid, as well as examination of their impact on technological and sensory quality of selected muscles from Holstein-Friesian × Limousin breed carcasses.

Material and Methods: The study included three muscles of different metabolic qualities and sarcomere length: m. semitendinosus, m. longissimus dorsi, and m. psoas major, collected from nine bull carcasses aged 24 ±2 months.

Results: Significant correlations were found between the volume of cooling loss on individual days of aging and the pH value of muscle tissue, lactic acid and glycogen content, as well as beef lightness. However, no significant dependency between the volume of glycogen and the intensity of red and yellow colours was detected.

Conclusion: The colorimetric analysis of glycogen and lactic acid can be an effective tool in predicting the quality of beef.
Identification of novel pathways in pathogenesis of ketosis in dairy cows via iTRAQ/MS
Authors: Shu Shi , Xu Chuchu , Xia Cheng , Xiao Xinhuan , Wang Gang , Fan Ziling , Cao Yu , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Hongyou 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction: To identify novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ketosis, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation/mass spectrometry was used to define differences in protein expression profiles between healthy dairy cows and those with clinical or subclinical ketosis.

Material and Methods: To define the novel pathways of ketosis in cattle, the differences in protein expression were analysed by bioinformatics. Go Ontology and Pathway analysis were carried out for enrich the role and pathway of the different expression proteins between healthy dairy cows and those with clinical or subclinical ketosis.

Results: Differences were identified in 19 proteins, 16 of which were relatively up-regulated while the remaining 3 were relatively down-regulated. Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) were up-regulated in cattle with ketosis. SORD and G3PD promoted glycolysis. These mechanisms lead to pyruvic acid production increase and ketone body accumulation.

Conclusion: The novel pathways of glycolysis provided new evidence for the research of ketosis.
Epidemiological and histopathological analysis of 40 apocrine sweat gland carcinomas in dogs: a retrospective study
Authors: Kycko Anna , Jasik Agnieszka , Bocian Łukasz , Otrocka-Domagała Iwona , Mikiewicz Mateusz , Śmiech Anna , Łopuszyński Wojciech , Dolka Izabella , Nowak Marcin , Madej Janusz A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Apocrine sweat gland carcinomas (ASGCs) are malignant neoplasms of dogs and other animals, rarely reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to summarise the occurrence of this cancer in a population of dogs in Poland between 2009 and 2014 with regards to histological features and body location of the tumours, as well as age, sex and breed of the cancer-affected dogs.

Material and Methods: The study involved 40 canine ASGC cases diagnosed in five national veterinary pathology laboratories. The material was processed according to routine histological methods.

Results: Histological types of the tumours involved simple and complex apocrine carcinoma of cystic/papillary (62.5%), solid (15%), and tubular type (12.5%), as well as apocrine ductal carcinoma (10%). The epidemiological analysis revealed peak incidence of the cancer in dogs between 8 and 14 years of age, with the most commonly affected sites being forelimbs and thorax. The highest number of the cancer cases was diagnosed in mixed breed dogs and German Shepherds; no sex predilection was noted.

Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report recounting the study on canine malignant apocrine sweat gland tumours in Poland providing detailed phenotypical and histological data, which are otherwise rarely described in veterinary literature. This type of cancer appears to be diagnosed more frequently in dogs than in humans. Being an easily accessible material for research, canine ASGCs might serve as a relevant animal model for studies related to pathogenesis of sweat gland tumours.
Biomarkers of injury to neural tissue in veterinary medicine
Authors: Płonek Marta , Wrzosek Marcin , Nicpoń Józef 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
There are numerous biomarkers of central and peripheral nervous system damage described in human and veterinary medicine. Many of these are already used as tools in the diagnosis of human neurological disorders, and many are investigated in regard to their use in small and large animal veterinary medicine. The following review presents the current knowledge about the application of cell-type (glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament subunit NF-H, myelin basic protein) and central nervous system specific proteins (S100B, neuron specific enolase, tau protein, alpha II spectrin, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, creatine kinase BB) present in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum of animals in the diagnosis of central or peripheral nervous system damage in veterinary medicine.
Nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLE): kann eine einfache Labordiagnostik die Progression der NAFLE aufzeigen?
Authors: Canbay Ali , Leven Anna-Sophia , Fingas Christian , Heider Dominik 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die nicht-alkoholische Fettklebererkrankung (NAFLE) ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des metabolischen Syndroms. Die NAFLE kann über eine Fibrose zur Leberzirrose und letztendlich zur Entstehung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms führen. Die Diagnostik der NAFLE erfolgt durch Anamnese, klinische Symptome und bildgebende Verfahren. Derzeit gilt die invasive Leberbiopsie als Goldstandard der Beurteilung von Lebererkrankungen. Diese ist jedoch komplikationsträchtig und kostenintensiv. Als nicht-invasives und dynamisches Verfahren ist die Verwendung von serologischen Biomarkern eine wegweisende Möglichkeit eine einfache und reproduzierbare Beurteilung der Lebererkrankung zu erlangen. Aufgrund der zentralen Einbettung der Leber in das metabolische Syndrom, sind Marker des metabolischen Syndroms und der Leber in der Labordiagnostik von größter Wichtigkeit. Zytokeratin-18 (CK-18) ist ein Intermediärfilamentprotein, welches während der hepatischen Schädigung von den Zellen sezerniert wird. Adiponektin wird in den Adipozyten, abhängig von der Größe der Adipozyten, produziert. Somit kann die zusätzliche Bestimmung von CK-18 und Adiponektin eine Aussage über die Aktivität und das Ausmaß der Lebererkrankung zulassen und kann zukünftig im klinischen Alltag zur Therapieentscheidung und zum Monitoring beitragen.
Identity Tensions: The Case of Michail Golovatov’s Release
Authors: Lingevičius Justinas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate what perceptions towards European Union, Austria and Russia exist in terms of Lithuanian identity. This question arises from a chosen case of Michail Golovatov’s release and intense discussions within Lithuanian media about this issue in summer of 2011. Although it seems that incident and later diplomatic conflict is directly related with Austria and judicial arguments, but Austria and its actions provoked broad considerations what Lithuania’s relations with European Union, its member states and even Russia are. First, article analyses theoretical significance of identity and its relation with foreign policy. Second, methodological tools of discourse analysis are formulated in order to analyse selected texts which compose the discourse of the case. Third, according to the meanings found interpretations explaining how Lithuanian identity is constructed through perceptions towards EU, Austria and Russia are presented.