bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embracing uncertainty in applied ecology
Authors: Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Shea Katriona 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Applied ecologists often face uncertainty that hinders effective decision‐making.

Common traps that may catch the unwary are: ignoring uncertainty, acknowledging uncertainty but ploughing on, focussing on trivial uncertainties, believing your models, and unclear objectives.

We integrate research insights and examples from a wide range of applied ecological fields to illustrate advances that are generally underused, but could facilitate ecologists’ ability to plan and execute research to support management.

Recommended approaches to avoid uncertainty traps are: embracing models, using decision theory, using models more effectively, thinking experimentally, and being realistic about uncertainty.

Synthesis and applications. Applied ecologists can become more effective at informing management by using approaches that explicitly take account of uncertainty.
Differentiation of self as a predictor of Asian‐American immigrants’ perceptions of cultural harmony
Authors: Lee Hsin‐Hua , Johnson Rachel W. 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the study was to examine whether Bowen's () construct, differentiation of self, would predict cultural harmony (Benet‐Martínez and Haritatos, ) among Asian‐American immigrants. The study was a correlational design, with a sample of 154 adults who identified as first‐generation Asian Americans and had lived in the US for at least five years. Results of regression analyses showed that greater overall differentiation of self, measured by the Differentiation of Self Inventory‐Revised (DSI‐R; Skowron and Schmitt, ), had a positive significant association with participants’ perceptions of cultural harmony. That is, highly differentiated individuals perceived their host and ethnic cultural orientations as compatible rather than in constant conflict. Furthermore, analyses of the subscales of the DSI‐R showed there were differences across the four underlying dimensions of differentiation of self in terms of associations with cultural harmony. Implications for theory, clinical practice, and future research are included.Practitioner points

A lack of self‐differentiation may be indicative of struggles to achieve identity integration among first‐generation Asian Americans
Exploring the pattern of emotional cutoff, fusion with others, emotional reactivity and ability to take an I‐position potentially decreases conflict between cultural orientations
The use of family diagram may help increase one's ability to balance two cultural orientations
Cranberry capsules to prevent nosocomial urinary tract bacteriuria after pelvic surgery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Letouzey V , Ulrich D , Demattei C , Alonso S , Huberlant S , Lavigne J‐P , de Tayrac R 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether cranberries are able to prevent postoperative urinary bacteriuria in patients undergoing pelvic surgery and receiving transurethral catheterisation.DesignRandomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.SettingsFrench tertiary Care centre, University Hospital.PopulationA total of 272 women undergoing pelvic surgery aged 18 or older.MethodsParticipants undergoing pelvic surgery were randomised to 36 mg cranberry (proanthocyanidins, PAC) or placebo once daily for 10 days. Statistical analysis was performed by a chi‐square test.Main outcome measuresThe primary and secondary outcomes were postoperative bacteriuria, defined by a positive urine culture, within the first 15 and 40 days, respectively.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐five participants received the intended treatment: 132 (51.8%) received PAC and 123 (48.2%) received placebo. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics, intra‐operative characteristics or duration and type of catheterisation between the two groups. PAC prophylaxis did not reduce the risk of bacteriuria treatment within 15 days of surgery [27% bacteriuria with PAC compared with 25% bacteriuria with placebo: relative risk 1.05, 95% CI 0.78–1.4, P = 0.763). The same result was observed on day 40. Bacteriuria occurred more often in older women with increased length of catheterisation.ConclusionImmediate postoperative prophylaxis with PAC does not reduce the risk of postoperative bacteriuria in patients receiving short‐term transurethral catheterisation after pelvic surgery.Tweetable abstractPAC prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of postoperative bacteriuria in patients undergoing pelvic surgery.
Effects of Sodium Concentration and Dialysate Temperature Changes on Blood Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Triple‐Blind Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Safavi Mahboobeh , Saeidi Marzieh Hossein , Emamian Mohammad Hassan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of different temperatures and sodium dialysate concentration on blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Following Williams’ design, hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned into four dialysis modes. Dialysate temperature was set at 37°C for modes A and C and, 35°C for modes B and D. Sodium concentration was set at 138 mmol/L in modes A and B, while it changed from 150 mmol/L to 138 mmol/L in modes C and D. Using analysis of variance for repeated measures, the mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were investigated. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in modes C and D had a significant difference with the values in mode A. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients dialyzed with mode B had a significant difference with the values in those dialyzed with mode D. Moreover, there were significant differences in the incidence of hypotension between A and other modes and between B and modes C and D, but this difference was not significant between modes C and D. In order to reduce intradialytic blood pressure fluctuations and hypotension, the nursing staff are recommended to gradually reduce dialysate sodium concentration.
Evaluation of Long‐Term Combination Therapy With Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis
Authors: Kanda Reo , Io Hiroaki , Nakata Junichiro , Makita Yuko , Sasaki Yu , Matsumoto Mayumi , Wakabayashi Keiichi , Tomino Yasuhiko , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is well known that a combination therapy with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) is feasible and may improve clinical status in patients for whom adequate solute and fluid removal is difficult to achieve with PD alone. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the therapy is useful in the likelihood of long‐term peritoneal membrane and cardiac function. The therapy was 6 days of PD and one session of HD per week. Physical, biochemical, dialysate‐to‐plasma ratio of creatinine (D/P Cr), arteriovenous fistula (AVF) blood flow, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) data were prospectively analyzed in 30 patients with measurements performed at 0 and 6 months, and for 21 patients, 12 or 18 months after initiation of the therapy. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb) after therapy were significantly higher than those at the initiation of therapy. The levels of LVMI and human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) after therapy were significantly lower than those at the initiation of therapy, whereas AVF blood flow did not change significantly. D/P Cr levels at 6 months after the therapy were significantly lower than those at the initiation of therapy. D/P Cr levels at 12 or 18 months after the therapy were not aggravated. It appears that the therapy improves Hb levels and cardiac function because of adjusting body fluid status. It was indicated that peritoneal function after therapy may be improved. Therefore, combination therapy is useful from the lifestyle viewpoint of patients in the transition period of PD to HD with end‐stage kidney disease.
Early treatment with isoflurane attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and improves survival in experimental Takotsubo
Authors: Oras J. , Redfors B. , Ali A. , Alkhoury J. , Seeman‐Lodding H. , Omerovic E. , Ricksten S.‐E. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundTakotsubo syndrome (TS) is an acute cardiac condition, often triggered by critical illness, for which no specific treatment exists. Previously, we showed that isoflurane can prevent experimental TS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential treatment effects of isoflurane. Our primary hypothesis was that early treatment with isoflurane attenuates left ventricular akinesia in experimental TS.MethodIn propofol‐sedated animals, TS was induced by an intraperitoneal bolus of isoprenaline (50 mg/kg). Animals were randomized to one of six groups (n = 15 in each group), and 1% isoflurane was administered for 90 min in all groups. Isoflurane treatment was started at 0, 10, 30 (early treatment) or 120 (late treatment) minutes after isoprenaline injection. One additional late treatment group received isoflurane 0.5% for 180 min. A control group did not receive isoflurane. Left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic examination was performed at 90 min and 48 h after isoprenaline. Mortality was assessed at 48 h.ResultsMedian degree of LV akinesia at 90 min was 24% in the control group and 0% in the early treatment groups (P < 0.001). Stroke volume, cardiac output and LV ejection fraction were higher in the early treatment groups vs. controls (P < 0.01). Mortality was lower in the early treatment groups (24%) vs. controls (86%) (P < 0.001). Mortality did not differ between the late treatment groups and controls.ConclusionEarly treatment with isoflurane attenuates the LV akinesia and improves survival in experimental TS. Isoflurane sedation in patients at risk of developing Takotsubo syndrome could be a subject for future studies.
Psychotic experiences and suicide attempt risk in common mental disorders and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kelleher I. , Ramsay H. , DeVylder J. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveRecent research has demonstrated a strong relationship between psychotic experiences and suicidal behaviour. No research to date, however, has investigated the role of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in this relationship, despite the fact that BPD is highly comorbid with common mental disorders and is associated with both recurrent suicidal behaviour and psychotic experiences. This paper examined the relationship between psychotic experiences and suicide attempts, including interrelationships with BPD and common mental disorders.MethodWe used the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study, a stratified, multistage probability sample of households in England, which recruited a nationally representative sample aged 16 years and older. Participants were assessed for common mental disorders, BPD (clinical and subclinical), suicidal behaviour, and psychotic experiences.ResultsApproximately 4% of the total sample (n = 323) reported psychotic experiences. Psychotic experiences were associated with increased odds of suicide attempts in individuals with BPD (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.03–4.85), individuals with a common mental disorder (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.37–4.43), individuals without a common mental disorder (OR = 3.99, 95% CI = 2.47–6.43), and individuals with neither a common mental disorder nor BPD (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.71–5.98).ConclusionPsychotic experiences are associated with high odds of suicidal behaviour in individuals with and without psychopathology. This relationship is not explained by clinical or subclinical BPD.
Responses of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to new attractants in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Royer Jane E , Agovaua Sharon , Bokosou John , Kurika Kiteni , Mararuai Amanda , Mayer David G , Niangu Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMale fruit fly attractants – cue‐lure and methyl eugenol (ME) – have been used successfully for decades in the monitoring and control of species of Dacini (Dacinae) fruit flies (Bactrocera, Zeugodacus and Dacus). However, many species, including several pests, are non‐responsive to these lures. Field tests of new compounds are therefore worthwhile, particularly in areas of high species diversity where multiple species attractions can provide additional information on lure function. Recent field tests of new male attractants (isoeugenol, dihydroeugenol, methyl‐isoeugenol and zingerone) and food‐ and host‐based lures (cucumber volatile blend and Cera Trap®) in Australia resulted in discoveries of lure responses for ‘non‐responsive’ species. In this study, these new lures were field tested for the first time in Papua New Guinea (PNG) for attractiveness to ‘non‐responsive’ species, including the guava pest Bactrocera obliqua and cucurbit pests Zeugodacus atrisetosus and Z. decipiens. Testing was conducted in the National Capital District (NCD) and Kerevat on the island province of East New Britain. Of the ‘non‐responsive’ pest species, B. obliqua was trapped three times at isoeugenol and once at methyl‐isoeugenol. This is the first record of B. obliqua responding to male lures. Zeugodacus decipiens was significantly attracted to Cera Trap. Five undescribed species responded to zingerone and one to the eugenol analogues. The ME‐responsive B. musae and B. umbrosa responded differently to the three eugenol analogues in Kerevat and NCD, with both species responding more strongly to methyl‐isoeugenol in NCD, although their response to ME was similar in both locations. Intraspecific differences in lure response were also noted between this study and that recorded previously in other countries. The cue‐responsive B. frauenfeldi, B. neohumeralis and Dacus axanus were previously trapped at zingerone in Australia, and the ME‐responsive B. dorsalis was trapped at zingerone in Malaysia, but these species, while caught at their respective lures, were not recorded at zingerone in this study. The findings from this study have implications for quarantine monitoring for the ‘non‐responsive’ B. obliqua and Z. decipiens in Australia, highlight that there may be intraspecific variation in male lure response and provide further information on these novel male lures' activity.
Male caffeine and alcohol intake in relation to semen parameters and in vitro fertilization outcomes among fertility patients
Authors: Karmon A. E. , Toth T. L. , Chiu Y.‐H. , Gaskins A. J. , Tanrikut C. , Wright D. L. , Hauser R. , Chavarro J. E. ,   the Earth Study Team
Published: February 2017

SummaryMuch of the literature on the impact of male caffeine and alcohol intake on reproductive outcomes has utilized semen quality as a proxy for male fertility, although semen parameters have a limited predictive value for spontaneous pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether male caffeine and alcohol intakes are associated with semen parameters and assisted reproductive technology outcome. The Environment and Reproductive Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study, enrolls subfertile couples presenting for treatment at an academic fertility center (2007–2012). A total of 171 men with 338 semen analyses and 205 assisted reproductive technology cycles were included in this analysis. Diet was assessed using a 131‐item food frequency questionnaire. Mixed models adjusting for potential confounders were used to evaluate the relationships of male caffeine and alcohol intakes with semen parameters and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. There was no association between male caffeine and alcohol intake and semen quality. Male caffeine intake was negatively related to live birth after assisted reproductive technologies (p‐trend < 0.01), and male alcohol intake was positively related to live birth after assisted reproductive technologies (p‐trend = 0.04). Adjusted live birth rate among couples with a male partner in the highest quartile of caffeine intake (≥272 mg/day) compared to couples with a male partner in the lowest quartile of intake (<99 mg/day) was 19% vs. 55%, respectively, p < 0.01. In terms of alcohol intake, adjusted live birth rate among couples with a male partner in the highest quartile of alcohol intake (≥22 g/day) compared to couples with a male partner in the lowest quartile of intake (<3 g/day) was 61% vs. 28%, respectively, p = 0.05. In conclusion, male pre‐treatment caffeine and alcohol intakes were associated with live birth after assisted reproductive technologies, but not with semen parameters, among fertility patients.
Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) for infertile couples with severe or complete asthenozoospermia
Authors: Al‐Malki A. H. , Alrabeeah K. , Mondou E. , Brochu‐Lafontaine V. , Phillips S. , Zini A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study was to evaluate reproductive outcomes in a cohort of infertile couples with severe and complete asthenozoospermia undergoing TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) with ICSI. We conducted a retrospective study of 28 couples with complete or severe asthenozoospermia who underwent TESA between January 2010 and December 2015. We compared TESA‐ICSI outcomes of these couples to ejaculate ICSI outcomes of 40 couples with severe asthenozoospermia treated during the same time period at our institution. Couples with female factor infertility and/or female aged ≥39 were excluded. Sperm retrieval rates and ICSI outcomes [(MII oocytes, fertilization rate, good embryo rate (transferred and frozen), couples with embryo transfer (per cycle started), clinical pregnancy (per embryo transfer)] were recorded. Patients were grouped based on whether they had ejaculated (Ej‐group) or testicular (TESA‐group) spermatozoa used. Testicular sperm patients were further classified based on whether they had complete asthenozoospermia (0% total motility) (Tc‐group) or severe asthenozoospermia (≤1% progressive motility) (Ts‐group). Mean (±SD) male and female ages were 36 ± 6 and 32 ± 4, respectively. Sperm recovery by testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) was successful in 100% (28/28) of the men. The overall clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per cycle started was 34% (23/68) with a mean of 1.1 ± 0.4 embryos transferred per transfer. Fertilization rates were significantly lower in TESA‐group compared to Ej‐group (52% vs. 67%, respectively; p = 0.001), while male age was significantly higher in TESA‐group compared to Ej‐group (34 ± 6 vs. 37 ± 6, respectively; p = 0.03). Moreover, female age was significantly higher in Tc‐group compared to Ts‐group (30 ± 4 vs. 33 ± 3, respectively; p = 0.0285). However, there were no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in the Tc‐group, Ts‐group, and Ej‐group (50% vs. 45% vs. 57%, respectively; p = 0.8219). The data suggest that testicular sperm‐ICSI is no better than ejaculated sperm‐ICSI in couples with severe or complete asthenozoospermia. Randomized, controlled trials comparing ejaculated vs. testicular spermatozoa are needed to assess the true benefit of TESA‐ICSI in these couples.
Decline in stillbirths and perinatal mortality after implementation of a more aggressive induction policy in post‐date pregnancies: a nationwide register study
Authors: Zizzo Anne R. , Kirkegaard Ida , Pinborg Anja , Ulbjerg Niels 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionIn 2011 Danish national guidelines were changed towards a more aggressive induction and fetal surveillance policy from (1) induction of labor at gestational age (GA) of 42+0 weeks and (2) no fetal surveillance after 40+0 weeks to (1) induction of labor between 41+2 and 41+6 weeks, (2) earlier induction at 41+0 weeks in the case of maternal age >40 years or body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 and (3) fetal surveillance at GA 41+0 weeks.Material and methodsThis national cohort study included all pregnancies that reached 41+0 weeks of gestation in 2008–2014 (n = 102 167). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate risks in the years after (2012–2014) vs. before (2008–2010) new national guidelines, adjusted for maternal age, BMI, and parity.ResultsWe observed a decline in stillbirths from 0.9‰ to 0.5‰ [odds ratio (OR)adjusted 0.50, 95% CI 0.29–0.89, p = 0.018]. Furthermore, a decline in perinatal deaths from 1.3‰ to 0.8‰ (ORadjusted 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.96, p = 0.033) and vacuum extraction (ORadjusted 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.90, p = 0.007) was observed. The risk of cesarean section (ORadjusted 0.98, 95% CI 0.94–1.02, p = 0.251), Apgar score below 7 at five minutes (ORadjusted 0.96, 95% CI 0.81–1.14, p = 0.0.678) and admissions to the neonatal department (ORadjusted 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.14, p = 0.064) did not change, whereas induction of labor increased from 28.2 to 42.6% (ORadjusted 1.89, 95% CI 1.84–1.95, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study showed a decline in stillbirths and perinatal mortality after implementation of new Danish guidelines for post‐date pregnancies. The risk of interventions as cesarean section and vacuum extraction remained stable despite an increase in labor inductions.
An update on the diagnosis, surgical management, and fertility outcomes for women with endometrioma
Authors: Cranney Ryan , Condous George , Reid Shannon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEndometriosis is estimated to affect up to 50% of infertile women, and severity of endometriosis stage appears to correlate with reduced fertility. Ovarian endometriomas are found in up to 44% of women with endometriosis, and are significantly associated with the presence of pelvic deep infiltrating endometriosis, ovarian adhesions, and pouch of Douglas obliteration. Through the use ofMEDLINEand PubMed databases, we conducted a literature review of all available research related to the diagnosis, surgical management and fertility outcomes for women with endometrioma. The evolving use of specialized transvaginal ultrasound for the diagnosis of endometrioma and related endometriotic pathologies can allow for preoperative mapping/staging of the disease, as well as appropriate surgical planning and fertility counseling. Surgical management of endometriomas appears to reduce markers of ovarian reserve, such as anti‐Mullerian hormone, prompting concern of reduced fertility following surgery. Ovarian cystectomy appears to be superior to ablation in terms of endometrioma recurrence, pain symptoms and increased spontaneous conception rate among subfertile patients. Research is inconclusive as to which surgical method least damages ovarian reserve in the long term; however, bipolar hemostasis appears to be the most damaging technique and should be avoided. Surgical management should be individualized for women with endometrioma, and strong consideration should be given to the preoperative ovarian reserve status prior to performing ovarian cystectomy. Current evidence suggests that ovarian cystectomy does not improve reproductive outcomes for women with endometrioma undergoing assisted reproductive technology; however, the majority of studies have been performed retrospectively and more prospective studies are needed.