bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DICKE’S SUPERRADIANCE IN ASTROPHYSICS. I. THE 21 cm LINE
Authors: Rajabi Fereshteh , Houde Martin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We have applied the concept of superradiance introduced by Dicke in 1954 to astrophysics by extending the corresponding analysis to the magnetic dipole interaction characterizing the atomic hydrogen 21 cm line. Although it is unlikely that superradiance could take place in thermally relaxed regions and that the lack of observational evidence of masers for this transition reduces the probability of detecting superradiance, in situations where the conditions necessary for superradiance are met (close atomic spacing, high velocity coherence, population inversion, and long dephasing timescales compared to those related to coherent behavior), our results suggest that relatively low levels of population inversion over short astronomical length-scales (e.g., as compared to those required for maser amplification) can lead to the cooperative behavior required for superradiance in the interstellar medium. Given the results of our analysis, we expect the observational properties of 21 cm superradiance to be characterized by the emission of high-intensity, spatially compact, burst-like features potentially taking place over short periods ranging from minutes to days.
Progressive Care Nurses Improving Patient Safety by Limiting Interruptions During Medication Administration
Authors: Flynn Fran , Evanish Julie Q. , Fernald Josephine M. , Hutchinson Dawn E. , Lefaiver Cheryl 
Published: August 2016

Background
Because of the high frequency of interruptions during medication administration, the effectiveness of strategies to limit interruptions during medication administration has been evaluated in numerous quality improvement initiatives in an effort to reduce medication administration errors.

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions during scheduled, peak medication administration times in 3 progressive cardiac care units (PCCUs). A secondary aim of the project was to evaluate the impact of limiting interruptions on medication errors.

Methods
The percentages of interruptions and medication errors before and after implementation of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions were measured by using direct observations of nurses on 2 PCCUs. Nurses in a third PCCU served as a comparison group.

Results
Interruptions (P &lt; .001) and medication errors (P = .02) decreased significantly in 1 PCCU after implementation of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions. Avoidable interruptions decreased 83% in PCCU1 and 53% in PCCU2 after implementation of the evidence-based strategies.

Conclusions
Implementation of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions in PCCUs decreases avoidable interruptions and promotes patient safety.
The Castle of Smar Jbeil—A Frankish Feudal Stronghold in Lebanon
Authors: Chaaya Anis 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Smar Jbeil is a medieval stronghold built during the Crusader period. A feudal mountain castle belonging to the barony of Boutron (Batrun), it was part of the Crusader county of Tripoli. The castle witnessed three consecutive phases of construction. The first phase is dated to the first quarter of the twelfth century AD. The barbican was built in third phase of construction, and its architectural elements date to the beginning of the second half of the twelfth century AD. This typical mountain fortress acted as a military observation post, controlling the settlements and sites of the inner countryside.
Introduction: Lucian, A Protean Pepaideumenos
Authors: Andrade Nathanael , Rush Emily 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This introduction to the special section explores how Lucian’s treatment of textual representation, declamation and physical performance, and artistic likenesses renders reality or knowledge to be matters of subjective viewership, inherently contestable, constantly recreated, and anchored in contests for authority. In his works, observant narrators and comic heroes routinely expose rival sophists or philosophers to be actors in a spectacle but reveal that their posturing as cultured (pepaideumenoi) rhetors can be characterized in precisely the same way. And yet the ostensible author of these texts is the most Protean actor, and the most compelling fiction, of them all.
Philosophers Redux: The Hermotimus, the Fisherman, and the Role of Dead Philosophers
Authors: Peterson Anna 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article reexamines the Hermotimus’s status as a Lucianic anomaly: a serious dialogue. Recent scholarship on the Hermotimus has focused on its debt to the Platonic dialogue and to the writings of Sextus Empiricus; but the Hermotimus also contains telling similarities to other Lucianic dialogues. An analysis of characters and scenarios familiar from the Lover of Lies, the Symposium, and the Fisherman suggests that, despite its outwardly serious tone, the Hermotimus follows the Lucianic trope of blending the comic with the serious to expose the foibles of philosophers. This article therefore reframes the way we approach this dialogue by highlighting the protreptic function of Lucianic comedy to inspire the Hermotimus philosophically.
Parallel Plays: Lucian’s Philosophers and the Stage
Authors: Lefebvre Kerry 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Lucian’s Nigrinus poses difficult questions of interpretation: is this work serious or satirical? If Lucian is writing satire, what or whom exactly is he mocking? I argue that Lucian has given us linguistic clues about interpreting the Nigrinus through his use of words related to the stage and theater: Lucian consistently uses such language to highlight fraud at key moments in the Alexander, Peregrinus, and Nigrinus. By reading these works synoptically, we discover that Lucian employs theatrical language in the Nigrinus to expose and mock a variety of figures, including Nigrinus, the convert, false philosophers, and perhaps his readers as well.
A Comparative Study of Performers of the Manas Epic
Authors: Jumaturdu Adil 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
For more than ten centuries, the culture of the Kyrgyz people has found chief expression through their oral traditions. The epic Manas, a prized form of Kyrgyz oral tradition, is still performed today in both Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang region of China. Research on the epic singers known as manaschys, or singers of Manas, is therefore of great significance. Manaschys are talented singers who can perform epic songs both artistically and creatively. Rather than memorizing a text, the manaschy (also spelled manaschï, manasqi, etc.) has the ability to produce new versions of epic songs through the art of composition in performance. This paper focuses on six representative manaschys of the twentieth century.
Which Diagnostic Approach Is More Valid? The DSM or the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis
Authors: Rofé Yacov 
Published: August 2016

<p>This article challenges the validity of the DSM-III to exclude neurosis, a decision that has led the DSM to become “an expanding list of disease, from a few dozen disorders in the first edition to well over 200” (Grinker, 2010, p. 169; see also Warelow &amp; Holmes, 2011). It points out the unanimous consensus that the best diagnostic approach would be a theory that can account for the development and treatment of certain diagnostic categories and, at the same time, provide measurable criteria that can distinguish them from other behaviors. Accordingly, it shows that a new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (RCTN) (Rofé, 2000, 2010, 2016; Rofé &amp; Rofé, 2013, 2015), which despite profound differences is similar to psychoanalysis in several fundamental respects, can offer practical diagnostic criteria that differentiate neurosis from other disorders. Three types of evidence, including a review of research literature, case studies and a new study that directly examined the validity of RCTN’s diagnostic criteria, support the validity of neurosis. The greatest advantage of RCTN’s diagnostic approach is not only is based on empirical evidence instead of the consensus of biased researchers. Rather, their main contribution is that it emerged out of a theory that succeeded to integrate research and clinical data pertaining to the development and treatment of neurosis.</p>
An Optimized Mathematical Model for Items Supplies Planning of a Logistic System
Authors: Nasiri Khalili Mohammad Ali , Kafaei Razavi Mostafa , Kafaee Razavi Morteza 
Published: August 2016

Items supplies planning of a logistic system is one of the major issue in operations research. In this article the aim is to determine how much of each item per month from each supplier logistics system requirements must be provided. To do this, a novel multi objective mixed integer programming mathematical model is offered for the first time. Since in logistics system, delivery on time is very important, the first objective is minimization of time in delivery on time costs (including lack and maintenance costs) and the cost of purchasing logistics system. The second objective function is minimization of the transportation supplier costs. Solving the mathematical model shows how to use the Multiple Objective Decision Making (MODM) can provide the ensuring policy and transportation logistics needed items. This model is solved with CPLEX and computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
How to interact with knowledge-intensive business services: A multiple case study of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in China
Authors: Zhou Dan , Kautonen Mika , Wang Hecheng , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEmpirical support for the process and mechanism of interactions with knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) is scarce, particularly with regard to small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs). Our study investigated how four SMMEs in China’s electrical appliance industry cluster attained high performance through interactions with KIBS. For our research, knowledge integration can be understood as knowledge identification, knowledge accession, and knowledge utilization. We investigated the mechanism involved in interactions between SMMEs and KIBS by tentative multiple case studies, and found that interactions with technology-based KIBS improved the performance of SMMEs by influencing their knowledge accession and knowledge utilization. Interactions with traditional professional KIBS, however, mainly influence SMMEs’ knowledge identification and knowledge accession. technology-based KIBS generally acts as a knowledge source and professional KIBS as a knowledge bridge for SMMEs. Interaction with technology-based KIBS is a kind of complementary interaction, while interaction with professional KIBS is a kind of supplementary interaction.
Measurement of Downwash at a Mach Number of 1.45 Behind Two Wings of Finite Span
Authors: Hilton W. F. 
Published: August 2016

Measurements were made of the downwash effects behind two finite wings 3.1 percent, thick, having square and 20° raked tips respectively. The tests were conducted at a Mach number of 1.45 and a Reynolds number of 1.2 millions by traversing a yawmeter 1.62 chords behind the trailing edge of the finite wings.In general, a maximum downwash of the order of ½° per degree of wing incidence was observed in that portion of the tip Mach cone behind the wing, and a maximum upwash of similar magnitude was observed in that part of the tip Mach cone situated outboard of the wing.Thus it is apparent that these effects are large enough to affect the lift on any surface situated in the tip Mach cone behind a finite wing. In particular, placing the rear surface in the downwash region behind a finite wing, will tend to reduce the overall lift while placing it in the upwash region will tend to magnifiy the variations of lift initiated by the finite wing.
The Arithmetic of Airworthiness
Authors: Tye Walter 
Published: August 2016

One of the many problems facing the aeronautical engineer is to make a vehicle, the reliability of which is tolerable, from an assembly of bits and pieces which, individually, are more or less unreliable. The practical answer has been to duplicate, triplicate, and generally to multiply the items about which doubt is felt.This approach to reliability (and hence to safety) finds its way into codes of airworthiness, either as straightforward demands for duplication, or as requirements that no single failure should cause trouble.On the whole these intuitive assessments of the probability of failure, and the design consequences in terms of duplication, seem to have been sound. It is, however, as well to examine the problems numerically, if we can. Possibly no very clear and decisive answers will emerge, but a little light may be shed on the paths we seek to follow.
Fundamentals of Fighter Design
Authors: Lloyd F. H. M. 
Published: August 2016

The present trend of fighter design is towards high speeds at greater heights.For some time it has been apparent that two types of fighter are necessary. Firstly, the small, highly manœuvrable and very fast single-seater fighter with high rate of climb and comparatively short range, and secondly, a larger type for escort duties which is necessarily somewhat slower and less manœuvrable. As in all engineering, and particularly in aircraft engineering, the conclusions which are reached to arrive at a final design never produce an ideal. If this were possible it would only be necessary to consider one type of fighter, for the small single-seater would have the range of the escort fighter, or alternatively the escort fighter would have the speed, manœuvrability and climb of the small single-seater.
The 1914 Tests of the Langley “Aerodrome”
Authors: Abbot C. G. 
Published: August 2016

It is everywhere acknowledged that the Wright brothers were the first to make sustained flights in a heavier-than-air machine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903.Mainly because of acts and statements of former officers of the Smithsonian Institution, arising from tests made with the reconditioned Langley plane of 1903 at Hammondsport, New York, in 1914, Dr. Orville Wright feels that the Institution adopted an unfair and injurious attitude. He therefore sent the original Wright Kitty Hawk plane to England in 1928.
Making Commercial Aircraft Pay
Authors: Du Merle G. 
Published: August 2016

The Sixth Louis Bleriot Lecture was given in London by General Guy du Merle on 19th March 1953 at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Storey's Gate, S.W.I. Mr. G. H. Dowty, F.R.Ae.S., President of the Society, presided and welcomed particularly M. Jules Jarry, President of the Association Francaise des Ingenieurs et Techniciens de l'Aeronautique, and members of A.F.I.T.A., who had come over from France for the occasion.Introducing the Lecturer, the President outlined his career. After leaving school General du Merle went into the corps of aeronautical engineers, which was then of civil status but had since been militarised. He spent two years at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Aéronautique, graduating in 1932, and obtained his certificate as a pilot of military aircraft including seaplanes. For the next two years he served as an engineer pilot at the Centre d'Essais en Vol (Flight Testing Centre) testing prototype aeroplanes at Villacoublay, during which time he flew both French and foreign aircraft. He next became Engineer at the Technical Department of Aeronautics at the Air Ministry and then Director of the Department. While a professor at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de I'Aéronautique he had published a book on the construction of aeroplanes, a copy of which was in the Library of the Society. Upon being attached to civil aviation at the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, he founded and directed for two years the National School of Civil Aviation at Orly. General du Merle was then appointed Director of Navigation and Air Transport at the same Ministry, and represented France at a number of international meetings on Civil Aviation. Appointed Ingénieur Général de l'Air, he had regained for a short time his original Ministry, which he now represented on the Interim Committee of E.D.C. He had been on missions to England a number of times since the end of the war, and in 1947 had flown several British aeroplanes, including the Sea Fury, the Meteor and the Vampire. He was a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and was also an Officer of the Legion d'Honneur and held the Medaille de l'Aéronautique. General du Merle was at present Commandant des Ecoles et Stages at the Ministere des Travaux Publics et des Transports (Officer in charge of Schools and Courses).
Recent Ideas in Plastics for Aircraft Structures
Authors: Gordon J. E. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryStrong plastics consist of two-phase arrangements of pairs of brittle solids which in combination may be very tough. Improvement now depends upon an understanding of brittle solid theory. The strength of brittle solids is generally very low but may occasionally approach the very high theoretical values. This is due to the high inherent strength being generally marred by tiny defects. When these defects are removed or contained high strength may be achieved. The various mechanisms by which this may be done are exemplified in mica, common salt, glass, metal whiskers and so on. The relevance of these substances and mechanisms to the manufacture of plastics is discussed.
The Aerodynamics of the Helicopter in Forward Flight
Authors: Brailsford E. N. 
Published: August 2016

Existing methods of estimating the blade loadings on a helicopter rotor in forward flight have suffered from the necessity of using false simplifying assumptions in order to make possible an analytical approach. The following list gives the most usual of these assumptions:(i)Blades have no twist or taper, or are twisted and tapered in a particular way.(ii)The coning angle is small enough to neglect the resulting changes in velocities, angles, and so on.(iii)The disc is horizontal.(iv)The components of velocity parallel to the blade length may be neglected, and forces are calculated for and act with reference to the velocities normal to the blade length.(v)There is no variation in downwash over the disc, or the variation is capable of simple expression.(vi)The blades extend from hub, and tip losses are neglected.(vii)The blades have pure flapping hinges and the analogy between flapping and feathering enables loadings calculated for flapping blades to be referred to a “hingeless” rotor system.
More on Economic Performance and Political Support in Britain: A Reply to William R. Keech
Authors: Hibbs Douglas A. 
Published: August 2016

I am flattered that a political scientist of William Keech's caliber uses words such as ingenious and outstanding to describe my work. I am also grateful that he took the time and was given the opportunity by the Review to show the implications of my theory of political support for a stylized case where unmeasured sources of support for British governments among the occupational classes are nil (aqj = 0), the only performance variable valued by voters is the unemployment rate, which has a reasonable contemporaneous impact of –0.02, and where the decay rate parameter g for past performance outcomes is set equal to the sensible value of 0.8 (implying a backward-looking discount rate of 0.25 per quarter).A check of selected entries in Keech's Table 1 indicates they are correct, and I have no important disagreements with his interpretations of their behavioral implications. One caveat, however, about Keech's statement that my model “presumes that the performance of the old government affects the support of the new one with exactly the same slope (bn = b0 in equation A), but with opposite sign”: the absolute value of the partial derivative of Y* with respect to Zt–k in my model is b gk, which of course depends on lag k. b(bn, b0) is a scale parameter; the slope, as defined in the usual way, is given by the (time varying) derivative above.
Irish life and progress in colonial South Australia
Authors: Richards Eric 
Published: August 2016

South Australia was the least Irish part of nineteenth-century Australia. Proportionately fewer Irish arrived at Port Adelaide than at the other great immigrant ports of the southern continent. They also came later: relatively few Irish participated in the first dozen years of colonisation in South Australia after its inception in 1836. In contrast with other parts of Australia the Irish were slow to reach a tenth and never reached a third of the colonial population. They were not in South Australia ‘a founding people’. They were indeed conspicuously a minority which faced the established and unquestioned primacy of Anglo-Scottish colonisation.South Australia was overwhelmingly English in its origins. From the beginning it was virtually a fragment of southern England, a Home Counties colony expressly designed for superior expatriates. It was also heavily advertised as a haven for Protestant dissenters. The first Catholic priest in South Australia, William Benson, was hardly exaggerating when he described it in 1843 as ‘a little dissenting colony, exclusively Protestant evangelical’. He went further, saying that ‘when this colony was established no Catholic gentlemen of property were allowed to join the founders’ — implying thereby that the planners deliberately discouraged Irish participation. Only when the colonial population reached 14,000, asserted Benson, did ‘our late evangelical governors’ feel confident enough to permit a minority of Catholics reasonable and equal entry. Another Catholic Irishman, Major Thomas O’Halloran, also claimed that the early colonial planners had been anti-Irish, wishing to restrict their numbers to less than 5 per cent of the colonial population. It is little wonder that South Australia seemed, in Irish eyes, the most alien quarter of the new continent.
Changing fortunes on the Aran Islands in the 1890s
Authors: Harvey Brian 
Published: August 2016

By the turn of the twentieth century the west of Ireland had become a geographical expression synonymous with poverty and destitution. Whilst in the eighteenth century Connacht was regarded as inaccessible, it was not considered to be overpopulated, hungry or poverty-stricken. Its economic and social condition began to change for the worse in the nineteenth century. From 1816-17 onwards the western seaboard was affected more and more severely by a series of famines and localised distress and typhus. Hardship on the islands off Mayo and Galway was so severe in 1822-3 that London philanthropists set up a committee to launch a large-scale relief programme. The committee blamed the distress on potato failure, ‘want of employment’, high rents and low agricultural prices.The deterioration in economic and social conditions is considered to have been exacerbated by the equalisation of the currencies of, and the removal of tariffs between, Ireland and Great Britain in the mid 1820s. Some rural industries, like textiles, glass and kelp-production, were wiped out. The resistance of the western economy to natural disaster was thereby severely weakened. The western isles were hit badly by the distress of 1835 and even more so by the Great Famine ten years later. Rents remained high whilst incomes fell.