bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tranexamic acid on coagulation and fibrinolysis in women with postpartum haemorrhage (WOMAN-ETAC): protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shakur Haleema , Fawole Bukola , Kuti Modupe , Olayemi Oladapo O. , Bello Adenike , Ogunbode Olayinka , Kotila Taiwo , Aimakhu Chris , Huque Sumaya , Gregg Meghann , Roberts Ian 
Published: December 2016

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death. Tranexamic acid has the potential to reduce bleeding and a large randomized controlled trial of its effect on maternal health outcomes in women with PPH (The WOMAN trial) is ongoing. We will examine the effect of tranexamic acid on fibrinolysis and coagulation in a subset of WOMAN trial participants. Methods: Adult women with clinically diagnosed primary PPH after vaginal or caesarean delivery are eligible for inclusion in the WOMAN trial. In a sub-group of trial participants, blood samples will be collected at baseline and 30 minutes after the first dose of tranexamic acid or matching placebo. Our primary objective is to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid on fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis will be assessed by measuring D-dimers and by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Secondary outcomes are international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, haemoglobin and platelets. We aim to include about 180 women from the University College Hospital, Ibadan in Nigeria. Discussion: This sub-study of WOMAN trial participants should provide information on the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid in women with postpartum haemorrhage. We present the trial protocol and statistical analysis plan. The trial protocol was registered prior to the start of patient recruitment. The statistical analysis plan was completed before un-blinding. Trial registration:The trial was registered:ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT00872469https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00872469; ISRCTN registry, Identifier ISRCTN76912190http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76912190(Registration date: 22/03/2012).
Impact Induced Damage Detecting of Aircraft CFRP Covering by Acoustic Testing
Authors: Самокрутов  , Samokrutov Andrey , Шевалдыкин  , Shevaldykin Viktor 
Published: December 2016

Aircraft parts made of composite materials are susceptible to impact damage which can be negligible visually but significantly worsening their strength.
Finding such damage requires periodic monitoring of large areas of the surface of the aircraft airframe. Fundamentally, such monitoring is possible by using active thermography or acoustic methods.
Acceptable to practice, this task can be solved by scanning the surface with a rolling dry-point contact transducer array, and by analysis of Lamb wave signals propagating through the monitored material between the array adjacent transducers.
This paper presents a device based on this principle, the signal analysis algorithm, and the images recomposed by the device during composite material testing.
The developed equipment provides on-line inspection of impact-induced damage in aircraft covering made of composite materials. However, complex type of generated images requires constant monitoring of the covering state of each aircraft during its operation.
Advances in Aeronautical Nondestructive Inspection: New Methods and Configurable Robot-Based Solutions
Authors: Куэвас  , Сuevas Esmeralda , Торрес  , Torres Miguel 
Published: December 2016

The application of nondestructive testing to the aerospace sector is constantly improving, as fast as technology allows, due to increasing presence of composites in structures, the use of new materials and the new geometries emerging. This makes necessary to innovate in the development of NDT methods, like ultrasonics or thermography, and in particular in ultrasounds, from using conventional piezoelectric transducers to phased-array technology, that allows the generation of the sound beam easily controlled and configurable based on the use of a multi-elements matrix of probes that can be electronically trigger. Moreover, the application of popular UT techniques (pulse-echo and through transmission) has been extended to other new innovative techniques, such as laser ultrasonic and air coupled ultrasounds.
Tecnatom participates in different innovation project in NDT and develops new equipment for inspection of composite materials. One of the studies is in the comparison of different NDT methods and techniques for the inspection of cured and non-cured materials in aeronautical components with the help of air-coupled ultrasound and thermography.
In the article are described the use of robots in automated Tecnatom system, developed in cooperation with KUKA Robotics. The use of its own developed electronics, allow working efficiently with materials with high attenuation, and specialized software, allows effectively inspecting the complex geometries aviation parts, taking into account the scanning trajectory and robot movement and control all the inspection process.
Do Underwriters Compete in IPO Pricing?
Authors: Lyandres Evgeny , Fu Fangjian , Li Erica X. N. 
Published: December 2016

We propose and implement a direct test of the hypothesis of oligopolistic competition in the U.S. underwriting market against the alternative of implicit collusion among underwriters. We construct a simple model of interaction between heterogeneous underwriters and heterogeneous firms and solve it under two alternative assumptions: oligopolistic competition among underwriters and implicit collusion among them. The two solutions lead to different equilibrium relations between the compensation of underwriters of different quality on one hand and the time-varying demand for public incorporation on the other hand. Our empirical results, obtained using 39 years of initial public offering (IPO) data, are generally consistent with the implicit collusion hypothesis that banks, especially larger ones, seem to internalize the effects of their underwriting fees and IPO pricing on their rivals. This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Indicators of Collateral Misreporting
Authors: Demiroglu Cem , James Christopher 
Published: December 2016

Automated valuation models (AVMs) are widely used in the valuation of pools of residential mortgages. In this paper, we provide evidence that high pricing errors in human and automated valuation models as well as rejection of loans with relatively low appraisals may generate the appearance of appraisal bias even when the original appraisals are unbiased. We also present evidence that the estimated frequency of appraisal overstatement is quite sensitive to assumptions about loan denial rates due to low appraisals as well as the size of and the correlation between AVM and original appraisal pricing errors. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Preserving a Well-Functioning 33-Year-Old Starr-Edwards Aortic Prosthesis in Repeat Aortic Root Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Alameddine Abdallah K. , Alimov Victor K. , Rousou John A. , Pluchino Fabrizio I. 
Published: December 2016

We report the case of a 61-year-old obese male patient in whom we found a well-functioning 33-year-old Starr-Edwards aortic prosthesis during repeat aortic surgery. Rather than explant the prosthesis, we remodeled the aortic root, almost completely removing the aortic sinuses and leaving only a pillar of aortic tissue around the coronary ostia. The proximal end of a Hemashield tube-graft was then scalloped to accommodate the remaining aortic tissue.
The patient's heart function was excellent after his weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Simplifying the repeat aortic root repair, by preserving a well-functioning Starr-Edwards valve, might lead to a better outcome in similar cases.
We also discuss other instances of this valve's durability.
Cortical Correlates of the Auditory Frequency-Following and Onset Responses: EEG and fMRI Evidence
Authors: Coffey Emily B.J. , Musacchia Gabriella , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: December 2016

The frequency-following response (FFR) is a measure of the brain's periodic sound encoding. It is of increasing importance for studying the human auditory nervous system due to numerous associations with auditory cognition and dysfunction. Although the FFR is widely interpreted as originating from brainstem nuclei, a recent study using MEG suggested that there is also a right-lateralized contribution from the auditory cortex at the fundamental frequency (Coffey et al., 2016b). Our objectives in the present work were to validate and better localize this result using a completely different neuroimaging modality and to document the relationships between the FFR, the onset response, and cortical activity. Using a combination of EEG, fMRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging, we show that activity in the right auditory cortex is related to individual differences in FFR–fundamental frequency (f0) strength, a finding that was replicated with two independent stimulus sets, with and without acoustic energy at the fundamental frequency. We demonstrate a dissociation between this FFR–f0-sensitive response in the right and an area in left auditory cortex that is sensitive to individual differences in the timing of initial response to sound onset. Relationships to timing and their lateralization are supported by parallels in the microstructure of the underlying white matter, implicating a mechanism involving neural conduction efficiency. These data confirm that the FFR has a cortical contribution and suggest ways in which auditory neuroscience may be advanced by connecting early sound representation to measures of higher-level sound processing and cognitive function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe frequency-following response (FFR) is an EEG signal that is used to explore how the auditory system encodes temporal regularities in sound and is related to differences in auditory function between individuals. It is known that brainstem nuclei contribute to the FFR, but recent findings of an additional cortical source are more controversial. Here, we use fMRI to validate and extend the prediction from MEG data of a right auditory cortex contribution to the FFR. We also demonstrate a dissociation between FFR–related cortical activity from that related to the latency of the response to sound onset, which is found in left auditory cortex. The findings provide a clearer picture of cortical processes for analysis of sound features.
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Visuomotor-Related Functional Connectivity Networks
Authors: Brovelli Andrea , Badier Jean-Michel , Bonini Francesca , Bartolomei Fabrice , Coulon Olivier , Auzias Guillaume 
Published: December 2016

Cognitive functions arise from the coordination of large-scale brain networks. However, the principles governing interareal functional connectivity dynamics (FCD) remain elusive. Here, we tested the hypothesis that human executive functions arise from the dynamic interplay of multiple networks. To do so, we investigated FCD mediating a key executing function, known as arbitrary visuomotor mapping, using brain connectivity analyses of high-gamma activity recorded using MEG and intracranial EEG. Visuomotor mapping was found to arise from the dynamic interplay of three partly overlapping cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical functional connectivity (FC) networks. First, visual and parietal regions coordinated with sensorimotor and premotor areas. Second, the dorsal frontoparietal circuit together with the sensorimotor and associative frontostriatal networks took the lead. Finally, cortico-cortical interhemispheric coordination among bilateral sensorimotor regions coupled with the left frontoparietal network and visual areas. We suggest that these networks reflect the processing of visual information, the emergence of visuomotor plans, and the processing of somatosensory reafference or action's outcomes, respectively. We thus demonstrated that visuomotor integration resides in the dynamic reconfiguration of multiple cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical FC networks. More generally, we showed that visuomotor-related FC is nonstationary and displays switching dynamics and areal flexibility over timescales relevant for task performance. In addition, visuomotor-related FC is characterized by sparse connectivity with density <10%. To conclude, our results elucidate the relation between dynamic network reconfiguration and executive functions over short timescales and provide a candidate entry point toward a better understanding of cognitive architectures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExecutive functions are supported by the dynamic coordination of neural activity over large-scale networks. The properties of large-scale brain coordination processes, however, remain unclear. Using tools combining MEG and intracranial EEG with brain connectivity analyses, we provide evidence that visuomotor behaviors, a hallmark of executive functions, are mediated by the interplay of multiple and spatially overlapping subnetworks. These subnetworks span visuomotor-related areas, the cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical interactions of which evolve rapidly and reconfigure over timescales relevant for behavior. Visuomotor-related functional connectivity dynamics are characterized by sparse connections, nonstationarity, switching dynamics, and areal flexibility. We suggest that these properties represent key aspects of large-scale functional networks and cognitive architectures.
Sodium Pumps Mediate Activity-Dependent Changes in Mammalian Motor Networks
Authors: Picton Laurence D. , Nascimento Filipe , Broadhead Matthew J. , Sillar Keith T. , Miles Gareth B. 
Published: December 2016

Ubiquitously expressed sodium pumps are best known for maintaining the ionic gradients and resting membrane potential required for generating action potentials. However, activity- and state-dependent changes in pump activity can also influence neuronal firing and regulate rhythmic network output. Here we demonstrate that changes in sodium pump activity regulate locomotor networks in the spinal cord of neonatal mice. The sodium pump inhibitor, ouabain, increased the frequency and decreased the amplitude of drug-induced locomotor bursting, effects that were dependent on the presence of the neuromodulator dopamine. Conversely, activating the pump with the sodium ionophore monensin decreased burst frequency. When more “natural” locomotor output was evoked using dorsal-root stimulation, ouabain increased burst frequency and extended locomotor episode duration, whereas monensin slowed and shortened episodes. Decreasing the time between dorsal-root stimulation, and therefore interepisode interval, also shortened and slowed activity, suggesting that pump activity encodes information about past network output and contributes to feedforward control of subsequent locomotor bouts. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from spinal motoneurons and interneurons, we describe a long-duration (∼60 s), activity-dependent, TTX- and ouabain-sensitive, hyperpolarization (∼5 mV), which is mediated by spike-dependent increases in pump activity. The duration of this dynamic pump potential is enhanced by dopamine. Our results therefore reveal sodium pumps as dynamic regulators of mammalian spinal motor networks that can also be affected by neuromodulatory systems. Given the involvement of sodium pumps in movement disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism, knowledge of their contribution to motor network regulation also has considerable clinical importance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe sodium pump is ubiquitously expressed and responsible for at least half of total brain energy consumption. The pumps maintain ionic gradients and the resting membrane potential of neurons, but increasing evidence suggests that activity- and state-dependent changes in pump activity also influence neuronal firing. Here we demonstrate that changes in sodium pump activity regulate locomotor output in the spinal cord of neonatal mice. We describe a sodium pump-mediated afterhyperpolarization in spinal neurons, mediated by spike-dependent increases in pump activity, which is affected by dopamine. Understanding how sodium pumps contribute to network regulation and are targeted by neuromodulators, including dopamine, has clinical relevance due to the role of the sodium pump in diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, epilepsy, and hemiplegic migraine.
Distinct cellular states determine calcium signaling response
Authors: Yao Jason , Pilko Anna , Wollman Roy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe heterogeneity in mammalian cells signaling response is largely a result of pre‐existing cell‐to‐cell variability. It is unknown whether cell‐to‐cell variability rises from biochemical stochastic fluctuations or distinct cellular states. Here, we utilize calcium response to adenosine trisphosphate as a model for investigating the structure of heterogeneity within a population of cells and analyze whether distinct cellular response states coexist. We use a functional definition of cellular state that is based on a mechanistic dynamical systems model of calcium signaling. Using Bayesian parameter inference, we obtain high confidence parameter value distributions for several hundred cells, each fitted individually. Clustering the inferred parameter distributions revealed three major distinct cellular states within the population. The existence of distinct cellular states raises the possibility that the observed variability in response is a result of structured heterogeneity between cells. The inferred parameter distribution predicts, and experiments confirm that variability in IP3R response explains the majority of calcium heterogeneity. Our work shows how mechanistic models and single‐cell parameter fitting can uncover hidden population structure and demonstrate the need for parameter inference at the single‐cell level.
Ópera y política en el México decimonónico: El caso de Amilcare Roncari
Authors: De Pablo Hammeken Luis 
Published: December 2016

<p><strong></strong>El artículo analiza la historia de Amilcare Roncari, un empresario de origen italiano que organizó varias temporadas de ópera en la ciudad de México y que, al comienzo de la guerra de reforma, fue aprehendido y llevado a la cárcel acusado de haber defraudado a los abonados. El caso ilustra las intrincadas redes de apoyos recíprocos y conflictos frecuentes que, en el México del siglo xix, se tejían entre los empresarios y artistas de la ópera, por un lado, y las autoridades políticas, por el otro. Se argumenta que los gobernantes sabían que la ópera era un símbolo poderoso de civilización y progreso y, por lo tanto, la empleaban con frecuencia como fuente de legitimidad; a cambio, los empresarios recibían grandes apoyos, financieros, jurídicos y simbólicos de parte de las instituciones políticas, tanto locales como nacionales.</p><p> </p>
Del patrimonio público una aproximación al concepto y a su contenido
Authors: Carrillo Ballesteros Jesús María 
Published: December 2016

<p>El Patrimonio Público es un concepto de derecho público, de amplio espectro, que supera en su contenido al de Patrimonio Estatal. La definición en cuanto a la unidad o la pluralidad de uno y otro, y su titularidad contribuyen a facilitar su contenido particular y el ejercicio de las facultades y de las acciones que las autoridades públicas deben practicar para preservar su integridad.</p><p>El concepto atañe a la ciencia de la administración pública y es fundamental en el campo del derecho público administrativo. De una parte constituye objeto de gestión y por la otra objeto de preservación para evitar atentados contra el mismo, remediar situaciones creadas, o intervenir judicialmente para su restauración o recomposición.</p><p>El Patrimonio Público interesa al orden interno y al orden internacional, el Patrimonio Estatal, en principio toca con el derecho interno tanto en el orden privado como en el administrativo, en atención al principio según el cual el estado de derecho se caracteriza por su sujeción al ordenamiento jurídico, como corresponde a todo sujeto de naturaleza pública o privada.</p>
Urease Inhibitor NBPT on Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Productivity: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Silva Aijânio G. B. , Sequeira Cleiton H. , Sermarini Renata A. , Otto Rafael 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
The volatilization losses averaged 31.0% of applied N for urea and 14.8% for NBPT‐treated urea.
NBPT‐treated urea showed a potential yield increase of 5.3% for major crops.
The effect of NBPT in reducing volatilization losses were reduced under high N rates.
NBPT had a limited effect on increasing yield in coarse‐textured soils and for NBPT rates >1060 mg kg−1.
The urease inhibitor N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) slows urea hydrolysis, reduces NH3 volatilization loss, and enhances N availability to plants. Even though most studies have proved the potential of NBPT‐treated urea to reduce NH3 loss, the benefits to increase crop yield have been less consistent, mainly because N is not always the limiting factor. A meta‐analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of soil properties (e.g., soil pH, soil texture, soil organic C [SOC]), N rate, and NBPT concentration on NH3 volatilization loss and crop yield when comparing urea with NBPT‐treated urea. Regression analysis indicated cumulative NH3 loss of 31.0 and 14.8% of applied N for urea and NBPT‐treated urea, respectively, a 52% reduction in NH3 loss by using the urease inhibitor. The use of NBPT delayed NH3 loss. It took 4.8 and 8.3 d for 50% of the total NH3 loss to occur for urea and NBPT‐treated urea, respectively. The meta‐analyses indicated that when compared with urea, NBPT‐treated urea reduced NH3 volatilization loss across all soil pH classes, soil texture classes, SOC contents, N rates, and NBPT concentrations. The meta‐analysis indicated an average crop yield increase of 5.3% for NBPT‐treated urea compared with urea. This trend was observed for all classes of soil pH, SOC content, and N rate, but yield increases were limited in coarse‐textured soils and NBPT rates >1060 mg kg−1.