bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating the adenoma detection rate in screening colonoscopies only: Is it necessary? Can it be gamed?
Authors: Rex Douglas , Ponugoti Prasanna 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background Current recommendations are to calculate the adenoma detection rate (ADR) in screening colonoscopies only. The need to confine the measure to screening has not been established.
Methods We retrospectively assessed our quality database for whether calculating ADR from screening, surveillance, and diagnostic colonoscopies (overall ADR) would alter conclusions about the performance of colonoscopists, compared to using an ADR based only on screening colonoscopies. We also prospectively tested the extent to which one physician could corrupt the screening-only ADR by changing the procedure indication after reviewing the examination findings.
Results For 15 physicians, screening ADRs differed from the overall ADR by a mean of 2.6 percentage points (range 0 – 6.9 percentage points). Using the overall ADR rather than screening ADR changed the ADR from just below to just above the recommended screening threshold for one physician. In the prospective assessment, a single expert colonoscopist utilized indication gaming in patients with both screening and diagnostic indications and was able to increase his apparent screening-only ADR from 48.4 % to 55.1 %.
Conclusions Use of an overall ADR rather than screening-only ADR could simplify ADR measurement, increase the number of examinations available to measure ADR, seldom affect whether a doctor meets recommended ADR thresholds, and eliminate the potential for gaming the ADR by changing the colonoscopy indication.
Colorectal endoscopic full-thickness resection using a novel, flat-base over-the-scope clip: a prospective study
Authors: Backes Yara , Kappelle Wouter , Berk Luuk , Koch Arjun , Groen John , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter , Schwartz Matthijs , Kerkhof Marjon , Siersema Peter , Schröder Roland , Tan T. , Lacle Miangela , Vleggaar Frank , Moons Leon ,   on behalf of the T1 CRC Working Group
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new, flat-based over-the-scope clip (Padlock Clip) for colorectal endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR).
Patients and methods We prospectively included 26 patients with lesions < 20 mm. Indications for eFTR were re-resection of the scar of a low risk malignant polyp (n = 11), recurrent adenoma in a non-lifting scar (n = 10), non-lifting polyp (n = 4), and an adenoma located in a diverticulum (n = 1).
Results Technical success rate and full-thickness resection rate were 100 % (26/26) and 92 % (24/26), respectively. Median procedure time was 43 minutes (IQR 27 – 56). No complications occurred during the procedure; 3 complications (12 %) occurred within 48 hours, of which one was a perforation requiring laparoscopic suturing. Specimen volumes from eFTR of scar tissue where the original polyp had been ≥ 20 mm (n = 13) were smaller compared with those from non-scar resections or scars where the original polyps had been < 20 mm (n = 13) (median 0.8 vs. 1.5 cm3, P = 0.03).
Conclusions In this first series of colorectal eFTR using the Padlock Clip, feasibility was demonstrated. It was relatively safe in view of surgery as the alternative treatment, but could still benefit from technical refinement. Future studies should explore for which indication this technique is most suitable.Trial registration: NTR5562 (Dutch Trial Register).
Detection and quantification of inbreeding depression for complex traits from SNP data
Authors: Yengo Loic , Zhu Zhihong , Wray Naomi R. , Weir Bruce S. , Yang Jian , Robinson Matthew R. , Visscher Peter M. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Inbreeding depression (ID) is the reduction of fitness in offspring of related parents. This phenomenon can be quantified from SNP data through a number of measures of inbreeding. Our study addresses two key questions. How accurate are the different methods to estimate ID? And how and why should investigators choose among the multiple inbreeding measures to detect and quantify ID? Here, we compare the behaviors of ID estimates from three commonly used SNP-based measures of inbreeding and provide both theoretical and empirical arguments to answer these questions. Our work illustrates how to analyze SNP data efficiently to detect and quantify ID, across species and traits.
Circadian repressors CRY1 and CRY2 broadly interact with nuclear receptors and modulate transcriptional activity
Authors: Kriebs Anna , Jordan Sabine D. , Soto Erin , Henriksson Emma , Sandate Colby R. , Vaughan Megan E. , Chan Alanna B. , Duglan Drew , Papp Stephanie J. , Huber Anne-Laure , Afetian Megan E. , Yu Ruth T. , Zhao Xuan , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. , Lamia Katja A. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-sensing transcription factors that are crucial for the proper regulation of mammalian development, physiology, and metabolism. Their ligand-binding capability makes NRs attractive drug targets, but can also lead to the adverse side effects of prescription drugs. Our research contributes to a better understanding of how NRs are regulated in a time-of-day–dependent manner by a component of the circadian clock, cryptochrome, and is foundational to further research aiming to make drug administration routines more effective and safer.
Pea and bean breeding.
Authors: Biddle A. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses pea, faba beans and Phaseolus breeding. Whilst all three species have many similarities, the range of types and varieties that have been used and are currently grown have developed from programmes of selection of suitable plant types that have been grown in different environments and geography. Breeding techniques are still based on traditional crossing techniques, though this is difficult in Vicia where cross-pollination by insects can affect the production of pure line breeding material, but there has been little or no commercial investment in genetic manipulation to produce suitable varieties. However, the identification of marker technology is helping to make significant advances, especially in pest and disease resistance.
Harvesting, nutritional value and uses.
Authors: Biddle A. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Peas, faba beans and Phaseolus beans are used in a wide variety of ways, either fresh, where the immature pods or seeds are harvested and used as a vegetable, or processed, either by freezing or by canning, and as dried pulses as food ingredients or flour, or rehydrated and cooked. Cooked pulses may also be canned on their own or in mixtures, or processed in some other form. Dried pulses are also used in animal feed manufacture, either milled or heat processed with or without the seed coat, and fed to most types of livestock and in aquaculture. In all instances, the requirements for high-quality produce is important from a human health aspect but also economically in the processing. Each crop has its own particular set of operations to ensure an acceptable product, whether the product is consumed or marketed in a fresh state or processed at home or at a factory. In the case of dried pulses, the product must be harvested and stored in a safe environment before marketing. In this chapter, each crop is considered firstly in the fresh vegetable form and secondly in the dried pulse form.
Orchard management.
Authors: Arquero O. , Jarvis-Shean K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

An almond orchard is a dynamic structure made up of the trees over a fixed infrastructure defined by the planting distance. The dynamic structure of the trees will be defined by the training and pruning systems adopted and will be additionally affected by the orchard management. Therefore, this chapter will concentrate on the three main aspects of orchard planting: tree training and pruning, and soil management (tillage, no tillage with bare soil and vegetative cover).
One-pot conjugated linoleic acid production from castor oil by Rhizopus oryzae lipase and resting cells of Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Khaskheli Abid Ali , Talpur Farah Naz , Cebeci Aydin Aysun , Jawaid Sana , Surhio Muhammad Ali , Afridi Hassan Imran 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted as novel type of fatty acids having unusual health-promoting properties such as anticarcinogenic and antiobesitic effects. The present work employed castor oil as substrate for one-pot production of CLA using washed cells of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and lipases as catalysts. Among the screened lipases, the lipase Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) greatly assisted resting cells to produce CLA. Mass spectral analysis of the product showed that two major isomers of CLA were produced in the reaction mixture i.e. cis-9, trans-11 56.55% and trans-10, cis-12 43.45%. Optimum factors for CLA synthesis were found as substrate concentration (8 mg/mL), pH (6.5), washed cell concentration (12% w/v), and incubation time of 20 h. Hence, the combination of ROL with L. plantarum offers one pot production of CLA selectively using castor oil as a cost-effective substrate.
What should we maximize?
Authors: Lazari‐Radek Katarzyna de , Singer Peter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, a theory that tells us that the right act is the one that has the best consequences. But how do we understand ‘best consequences’? ‘What should we maximize?’ describes the Experience Machine—a thought experiment devised in 1974 by the American philosopher Robert Nozick in order to refute hedonism. It then compares the answers given to the question by hedonism, preference utilitarianism, and pluralist consequentialism. Whether pleasure is the only intrinsic value, as hedonistic utilitarians hold, or one of several intrinsic values, as some pluralist consequentialists hold, we need to say more about what it is and how it is related to happiness.
Ibn Bâjjah
Authors: Montada Josep Puig 
Published: July 2017

Abû Bakr Muhammad Ibn al-Saʾigh Ibn Bâjjah was known as Avempace by the medieval Latin philosophers. He was born in Zaragoza around 1080, died in Fez in 1139 ce, and had a chequered life, he lived first in Zaragoza under the rule of the Banu Hud, an Arab family, that was toppled by the Almoravid dynasty. Zaragoza fell into Christian hands and he had to leave, after which he served the Almoravids in other places of the Iberian peninsula and Morocco. Avempace was outstanding in poetry, music, medicine and sciences. He followed the Aristotelian tradition in logic, and was influenced by Alfarabi (d. c. 950 ce) in its interpretation. He was first in al-Andalus to comment on Aristotle’s works with original readings but he also composed books to express his own philosophy.
Comprehensive photometric study of an extremely low mass ratio deep contact binary in the globular cluster M 4
Authors: Li Kai , Hu Shaoming , Chen Xu , Guo Difu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A comprehensive photometric study and an investigation of the orbital period variation of V53 in the globular cluster M 4 are presented. The photometric study reveals that the mass ratio and the contact degree of V53 are q ∼ 0.078 and f ∼ 69%, respectively. The observed variation in the light curve can be explained by adjusting the spot parameters. V53 belongs to extreme mass ratio (q ≤ 0.25), deep contact (f ≥ 50%) binaries, and its mass ratio is close to the minimum mass ratio predicted by theoretical studies, making it a potential object for studying the evolution of binaries and the formation of blue stragglers and FK Com-type stars. The orbital period of V53 shows a long-term decrease at a rate of dp/dt = 5.89(±0.02) × 10−8 d yr−1. This secular period decrease may be caused by the combination of mass transfer from the more massive component to the less massive component and an angular momentum loss via magnetic braking. As this mass transfer and angular momentum loss continues, V53 will ultimately evolve into a single fast-rotation star. By studying the statistics of all the contact binaries in globular clusters that have been analyzed, we found a possible correlation between the contact degree and whether or not a contact binary is a blue straggler. A contact binary is likely to become a blue straggler when its fill-out factor is more than 46.25(±2.05)%. More samples should be introduced to confirm this preliminary result in the future.
Two- and three-dimensional wide-field weak lensing mass maps from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program S16A data
Authors: Oguri Masamune , Miyazaki Satoshi , Hikage Chiaki , Mandelbaum Rachel , Utsumi Yousuke , Miyatake Hironao , Takada Masahiro , Armstrong Robert , Bosch James , Komiyama Yutaka , Leauthaud Alexie , More Surhud , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Okabe Nobuhiro , Tanaka Masayuki 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present wide-field (167 deg2) weak lensing mass maps from the Hyper Supreme-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). We compare these weak lensing based dark
matter maps with maps of the distribution of the stellar mass associated with luminous red galaxies. We find a strong correlation between these two maps with a correlation coefficient of ρ = 0.54 ± 0.03 (for a smoothing size of 8΄). This correlation is detected even with a smaller smoothing scale of 2΄ (ρ = 0.34 ± 0.01). This detection is made uniquely possible because of the high source density of the HSC-SSP weak lensing survey ($\bar{n}\sim 25\:$arcmin−2). We also present a variety of tests to demonstrate that our maps are not significantly affected by systematic effects. By using the photometric redshift information associated with source galaxies, we reconstruct a three-dimensional mass map. This three-dimensional mass map is also found to correlate with the three-dimensional galaxy mass map. Cross-correlation tests presented in this paper demonstrate that the HSC-SSP weak lensing mass maps are ready for further science analyses.
Current review of prepubertal vaginal bleeding
Authors: Dwiggins Maggie , Gomez-Lobo Veronica 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Prepubertal vaginal bleeding raises many concerns and evaluation and diagnosis may prove difficult for many providers. We aim to provide a comprehensive review and recent updates for those practitioners who care for these patients.

Recent findings
Prompt management in the case of prepubertal vaginal bleeding is indicated, especially to rule out malignancy or abuse. If a child is reluctant to undergo examination, or if the extent of injury or source of bleeding cannot be determined, examination under anesthesia and vaginoscopy is recommended. Use of vaginoscopy allows for clear visualization of the vagina and cervix without distorting hymenal anatomy, as well as diagnosis and removal of a foreign body and evaluation of mucosal damage caused. In the case of sexual abuse, providers specifically trained in pediatrics need to be present, and safety of the patient should always be ensured.

Summary
Careful history taking and targeted examination may lead to diagnosis in the case of prepubertal vaginal bleeding. However, in more difficult cases, practitioners should not hesitate to examine a patient in the operating room using general anesthesia to elicit the cause. Although sexual abuse and malignancy are always on the differential, most causes of bleeding are benign and easily treated.
Elimination of Anterior Corneal Steepening With Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in a Patient With Fuchs Dystrophy and Keratoconus: Implications for IOL Calculation
Authors: Gupta Reena , Kinderyte Ruta , Jacobs Deborah S. , Jurkunas Ula V. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To report a case of coexistent Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and keratoconus (KCN) in which there was normalization of corneal topography after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
Retrospective medical record review.

Results:
Preoperative findings revealed a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 with −1.00 − 2.50 × 147, topographic maximum keratometry of 50.8 D with inferior steeping, and confluent guttae in the left eye. Medical record review revealed myopic shift, but little change in keratometry or corneal thickness over the previous 3 years. The patient developed epithelial edema with contact lens trial, highlighting endothelial dysfunction and eliminating the option of contact lenses for visual rehabilitation. Combined DMEK and cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation was undertaken. Postoperatively, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 with only spherical correction. Elimination of stromal edema led to flattening of maximum anterior keratometry to 46.3 D and reduction of total corneal refractive power (TCRP) by 4.4 D. There was an unanticipated postoperative refractive error of +3.75 D consistent with this normalization of corneal topography.

Conclusions:
This is the first case report of the role of DMEK in normalizing corneal topography in coexistent FECD and KCN. The potential impact of DMEK on anterior curvature and TCRP must be considered in intraocular lens power calculation for cataract surgery in patients with FECD and KCN.
Implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines
Authors: Mukherjee Vikramjit , Evans Laura 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of reviewEarly identification and appropriate management of sepsis improves outcomes. Despite convincing data showing the benefits of early recognition and treatment of sepsis and septic shock, implementation of such evidence-based therapy is suboptimal. This review describes methods that have been shown to improve bedside application of the evidence-based guidelines.Recent findingsThe Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) has developed guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. The initial SSC guidelines were published in 2004; as evidence continued to evolve, the guidelines were updated, with the most recent iteration published in 2016. Guidelines by themselves can take years to change clinical practice. To affect more rapid change, the SSC guidelines are filtered into bundles to impact behavior change in a simple and uniform way.SummaryImplementation of the SSC bundles revolves around practice improvement measures. Hospitals that have successfully implemented these bundles have consistently shown improved outcomes and reductions in healthcare spending. Finally, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has approved SSC bundle compliance as a core measure, and hospitals in the United States are mandated to collect and report their data regularly to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
Mass Screening for Celiac Disease Among School-aged Children: Toward Exploring Celiac Iceberg in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Hussaini Abdulrahman , Troncone Riccardo , Khormi Musa , AlTuraiki Muath , Alkhamis Wahid , Alrajhi Mona , Halal Thana , Fagih Mosa , Alharbi Sahar , Bashir Muhammed Salman , Elchentoufi Aziz 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
We conducted this mass screening study to determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) and characterize the celiac iceberg among Saudi pediatric population in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
During the study period (January 2014–June 2016), we have conducted a cross-sectional, mass screening, immunoglobulin A-tissue transglutaminase (TTG-IgA)-based study on 7930 Saudi students from primary and intermediate schools in Riyadh. Students with positive TTG-IgA (>20 U/L) were called in the hospital to undergo a repeat of TTG-IgA; in those with borderline positive TTG-IgA (20–60 U/L), IgA-endomyseal antibody (EMA-IgA) test was performed. Children with TTG-IgA >60 U/L and children with borderline positive TTG-IgA and positive EMA-IgA were advised to undergo upper endoscopy and intestinal biopsies.

Results:
We identified 221 students with positive TTG-IgA (2.8%). CD was diagnosed in 119 cases (1.5%, 1:67 Saudi children) (mean age 11.5 ± 2.62 years; girls 81 [68%]). Another 51 children had persistently borderline positive TTG-IgA but negative EMA (0.64%) and the remaining 51 had transiently positive TTG-IgA. We have identified 3 clinical patterns in the screening-identified cases with CD: a silent form (37%), a mild symptomatic form characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms in presence of normal growth or overweight/obesity (48%), and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with impaired growth in 15%.

Conclusions:
Our study provided evidence of a high prevalence of CD among Saudi children (1.5%), a rate that is at least twice the average prevalence rate in Europe and North America.
Cesarean Section on the Risk of Celiac Disease in the Offspring
Authors: Koletzko Sibylle , Lee Hye‐Seung , Beyerlein Andreas , Aronsson Carin A. , Hummel Michael , Liu Edwin , Simell Ville , Kurppa Kalle , Lernmark Åke , Hagopian William , Rewers Marian , She Jin‐Xiong , Simell Olli , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Anette‐G. , Krischer Jeffrey , Agardh Daniel ,   TEDDY Study Group
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Cesarean section (C‐section) is associated with various immune‐mediated diseases in the offspring. We investigated the relationship between mode of delivery and celiac disease (CD) and CD autoimmunity (CDA) in a multinational birth cohort.Methods:From 2004 to 2010, infants from the general population who tested positive for HLA DR3‐DQ2 or DR4‐DQ8 were enrolled in The Environmental Determinants for Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Children were annually screened for transglutaminase autoantibodies, if positive, they are retested after 3 to 6 months and those persistently positive defined as CDA. Associations of C‐section with maternal (age, education level, parity, pre‐pregnancy weight, diabetes, smoking, weight gain during pregnancy) and child characteristics (gestational age, birth weight) were examined by Fisher exact test or Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CDA or CD were calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression models.Results:Of 6087 analyzed singletons, 1600 (26%) were born by C‐section (Germany 38%, United States 37%, Finland 18%, Sweden 16%), and the remaining were born vaginally without instrumental support; 979 (16%) had developed CDA and 343 (6%) developed CD. C‐section was associated with lower risk for CDA (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73, 0.99 P = 0.032) and CD (HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.58, 0.98; P = 0.034). After adjusting for country, sex, HLA‐genotype, CD in family, maternal education, and breast‐feeding duration, significance was lost for CDA (HR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.78, 1.06; P = 0.20) and CD (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.65, 1.11; P = 0.24). Presurgical ruptured membranes had no influence on CDA or CD development.Conclusion:C‐section is not associated with increased risk for CDA or CD in the offspring.