bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure and analysis of microparticles embedded in silica aerogel keystones using NF3‐mediated electron beam–induced etching and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy
Authors: Martin Aiden A. , Lin Ting , Toth Milos , Westphal Andrew J. , Vicenzi Edward P. , Beeman Jeffrey , Silver Eric H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn 2006, NASA's Stardust spacecraft delivered to Earth dust particles collected from the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2, with the goal of furthering the understanding of solar system formation. Stardust cometary samples were collected in a low‐density, nanoporous silica aerogel making their study technically challenging. This article demonstrates the identification, exposure, and elemental composition analysis of particles analogous to those collected by NASA's Stardust mission using in‐situ SEM techniques. Backscattered electron imaging is shown by experimental observation and Monte Carlo simulation to be suitable for locating particles of a range of sizes relevant to Stardust (down to submicron diameters) embedded within silica aerogel. Selective removal of the silica aerogel encapsulating an embedded particle is performed by cryogenic NF3‐mediated electron beam–induced etching. The porous, low‐density nature of the aerogel results in an enhanced etch rate compared with solid material, making it an effective, nonmechanical method for the exposure of particles. After exposure, elemental composition of the particle was analyzed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy using a high spectral resolution microcalorimeter. Signals from fluorine contamination are shown to correspond to nonremoved silica aerogel and only in residual concentrations.
Ries Bunte Breccia revisited: Indications for the presence of water in Itzing and Otting drill cores and implications for the emplacement process
Authors: Pietrek Alexa , Kenkmann Thomas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe reassessed two drill cores of the Bunte Breccia deposits of the Ries crater, Germany. The objectives of our study were the documentation of evidence for water in the Bunte Breccia, the evaluation of how that water influenced the emplacement processes, and from which preimpact water reservoir it was derived. The Bunte Breccia in both cores can be structured into a basal layer composed mainly of local substrate material, overlain by texturally and compositionally diverse, crater‐derived breccia units. The basal layer is composed of the youngest sediments (Tertiary clays and Upper Jurassic limestone) and has a razor‐sharp boundary to the upper breccia units, which are composed of older rocks of Upper Jurassic to Upper Triassic age. Sparse material exchange occurred between the basal layer and the rest of the Bunte Breccia. Fluids predominantly came from the Tertiary and the Upper Triassic sandstone formation. In the basal layer, Tertiary clays were subjected to intense, ductile deformation, indicating saturation with water. This suggests that water was mixed into the matrix, creating a fluidized basal layer with a strong shear localization. In the upper units, Upper Triassic sandstones are intensely deformed by granular flow. The texture requires that the rocks were disaggregated into granular sand. Vaporization of pore water probably aided fragmentation of these rocks. In the Otting core, hot suevite (T > 600 °C) covered the Bunte Breccia shortly after its emplacement. Vertically oriented gas escape pipes in suevite partly emanate directly at the contact to the Bunte Breccia. They indicate that the Bunte Breccia contained a substantial amount of water in the upper part that was vaporized and escaped through these vents.
A User‐centered Design for the Addition of Interactive Masking Capability within an existing Web GIS
Authors: D. Morgan John 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article presents a case study of how a user‐centered design (UCD) approach was utilized during the addition of interactive masking capability to an existing web‐based geographic information system (Web GIS). By analyzing and discussing specific aspects of the user‐developer dialog within the context of a Web GIS software development life cycle, this article presents a case study for similar systems. The results of the UCD methodology is a discussion that presents a shift from an initial design to a new design that, based on user feedback, furthers the utility and usability of interactive masking within the Web GIS.
Statistical Relational Learning of Grammar Rules for 3D Building Reconstruction
Authors: Dehbi Youness , Hadiji Fabian , Gröger Gerhard , Kersting Kristian , Plümer Lutz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe automatic interpretation of 3D point clouds for building reconstruction is a challenging task. The interpretation process requires highly structured models representing semantics. Formal grammars can describe structures as well as the parameters of buildings and their parts. We propose a novel approach for the automatic learning of weighted attributed context‐free grammar rules for 3D building reconstruction, supporting the laborious manual design of rules. We separate structure from parameter learning. Specific Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to generate a weighted context‐free grammar and predict structured outputs such as parse trees. The grammar is extended by parameters and constraints, which are learned based on a statistical relational learning method using Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). MLNs enforce the topological and geometric constraints. MLNs address uncertainty explicitly and provide probabilistic inference. They are able to deal with partial observations caused by occlusions. Uncertain projective geometry is used to deal with the uncertainty of the observations. Learning is based on a large building database covering different building styles and façade structures. In particular, a treebank that has been derived from the database is employed for structure learning.
A Fifteenth-Century Sino-Tibetan Buddha Hall at the Lu Family Tusi
Authors: Campbell Aurelia 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper focuses on Miaoyinsi, a Buddhist temple in Yongdeng County, Gansu province, at the Sino-Tibetan frontier. Miaoyinsi was constructed by the Mongolian Lu family, who governed this region beginning in the fifteenth century under the hereditary title tusi. Miaoyinsi's main hall is unusual architecturally because while it is primarily a traditional Chinese structure, a narrow corridor wraps around three sides of the building, a feature more commonly associated with the architecture of Tibet. This hybrid building type exists in several other temples within this border-land region and can be considered a local architectural response to Tibetan Buddhist ritual practices.
The Allegorical Landscape: Lang Jingshan's Photography in Context
Authors: Liu Mia Yinxing 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper examines Lang Jingshan's landscape photography in its historical and political contexts. Tracing Lang's oeuvre from Shanghai to Chongqing to Taiwan, it also studies how the pictures were commissioned, made, and perceived. I argue that Lang's photographic art, often considered to be unoriginal and conservative or utopian escapism removed from reality, has in fact engaged with the political and historical turmoil of the times.
Caminhos da Política Nacional de Formação de Professores na Modalidade a Distância
Authors: Sousa Santos Camila Silva , Bernardino de Campos Gilda Helena 
Published: May 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar os caminhos percorridos pelas políticas públicas de formação de professores na modalidade a distância, através da rede pública de educação superior, a partir de três seções: a escolha do Estado brasileiro pela modalidade a distância na formação inicial e continuada de professores, apoiando-se em Kingdon (2007) para explicitar a eleição de tal política; a criação da UAB e a formação de professores como sinônimo de democratização do acesso ao ensino superior brasileiro pela rede pública de educação a distância (EaD); e a escolha da Capes para a operacionalização das políticas de formação de professores no país. O trabalho teve como procedimento metodológico a análise documental de leis e decretos que nos levaram a afirmar que as políticas nacionais de formação docente, através da UAB e da Parfor, movimentaram a EaD da periferia para o centro das políticas do MEC e, desde 2009, buscam novos caminhos com a operacionalização pela Nova Capes.Palavras-chave: Políticas de formação de professores; UAB; Nova Capes. Paths of National Teacher Education Policy in Distance Learning Mode AbstractThis paper aims to examine public policies related to teachers formation in distance learning courses in three areas: the Brazilian state choice for undergraduate and continuing education for teachers, based in Kingdon (2007) to explain this selection; the creation of the Brazilian Open University: UAB: and teachers formation as a synonym for democratization of distance learning education; and the election of CAPES to operate these policies. As for methodology, this work has made use of documental analyzes of laws and decrees, and it can be concluded that, through UAB and PARFOR, the national policies for teachers formation have put distance learning education in the centre of the Ministry of Education agenda and since 2009 have been searching for new ways to operate with the New CAPES.Keywords: Public policies related to teachers formation; Brazilian Open University: UAB; New CAPES.
Contribuição do Ensino a Distância em uma Unidade Curricular do Curso de Enfermagem
Authors: Alves Stenio Nunes , Tilelli Cristiane Queixa , Lima Eduardo Henrique de Matos , Soares Luis Fernando 
Published: May 2016

A realização de aulas viabilizadas por meio de recursos digitais em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVAs) em cursos presenciais é uma estratégia pertinente diante do atual contexto sociotécnico, que pode contribuir com o processo pedagógico e promover maior aproximação de aluno, professor e tutor. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estruturar e desenvolver os conteúdos de Biologia Celular, por meio do AVA Moodle, como estratégia pedagógica para os alunos do primeiro período do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Durante um semestre letivo, todos os estudantes do primeiro período tiveram acesso aos conteúdos on-line. As atividades mais acessadas foram os questionários sobre os componentes celulares e a bioquímica celular, seguidas por tarefas com pontuação e a visualização dos demais conteúdos do curso. Assim, diante de um cenário com ampla inserção das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) nos espaços individuais, sociais e profissionais, as universidades precisam repensar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de propostas pedagógicas a partir de modelos de aprendizagem híbridos, ou seja, que combinam estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem on-line e presencial, conferindo maior flexibilidade e autonomia aos estudantes.Palavras-chave: Moodle; Enfermagem; Biologia celular. Contribution of the Distance Education on a Curricular Unit of Nursing Course AbstractThe realization of lectures supported by digital resources in digital learning environments (DLE) in traditional classroom courses is an appropriate strategy given the current technical-social context of the student. DLEs can contribute to the educational process and promote approximation of student, teacher and tutor. The objective of this study was to structure and develop Cell Biology content through the VLE Moodle, as a pedagogical strategy for students of the first period of the Nursing DLE Moodle, as a pedagogical strategy for students in the first contact with the undergraduate nursing course or the Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ). During one semester, all students had access to the online content of the course. The most accessed activities were questionnaires on cell components and biochemistry, followed by scored exercises and visualization of other resources of the course. Faced with a scenario with broad integration of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) in individual, social and professional spaces, universities need to rethink the possibilities of development of education projects based on hybrid learning models, that is, combine teaching strategies, e-learning techiniques and traditional lectures providing greater flexibility and autonomy to students.Keywords: Moodle; Nursing; Cell biology.
Impact of Radius Malunion on Wrist Contact Mechanics
Authors: Lalone Emily A. , Grewal Ruby , MacDermid Joy C. 
Published: May 2016

The patient was a 15-year-old adolescent girl with a chief complaint of intermittent pain and clicking at her right distal radioulnar joint, after having fractured her forearm 5 months previously. Radiographs of the patient's forearm indicated a midshaft radial deformity. Given the patient's pain and limited range of motion, computed tomography imaging was requested to assess whether the midshaft malunion resulted in distal radioulnar joint instability and to plan the corrective osteotomy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):399. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0406
Metastatic Hip Tumor in a Middle-Aged Woman
Authors: Callan Brad 
Published: May 2016

A 44-year-old woman was referred to physical therapy by a podiatrist for “iliotibial band syndrome.” No imaging had been done, and she denied all constitutional symptoms, but reported having breast cancer 5 years earlier. Following an increase in pain, radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, and biopsy confirmed a metastatic breast cancer tumor. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):400. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0407
Are Small Effects for Back Pain Interventions Really Surprising?
Authors: Hancock Mark J. , Hill Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2016

There is reasonably strong evidence that some physical therapy interventions are effective (compared to minimal or no intervention) for patients with low back pain (LBP); however, the effect sizes are typically small. Many clinicians argue that this evidence is at odds with their daily clinical experience. There are several reasons that likely contribute to small effects in clinical trials of LBP and other musculoskeletal conditions. In this Viewpoint, the authors look at which of these reasons are beyond our control as clinicians and simply need to be acknowledged and understood, and which may provide insights into improving the design of future clinical trials of LBP and ultimately delivering better care to our patients. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):317–319. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0604
Palynological Zonations and Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of Sediments in Benin West-1, Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Odedede O. , Ogala J. E. , Ugbe F. C. 
Published: May 2016

Palynoflora analyses from Benin west -1, Anambra Basin has unfold three palynozones based on abundance, composition of palynoflora and cluster analysis. Palynozone-1 has been dated as Late Maastrichtian age and belong to the lowermost Imo Shale, palynozone-2; Middle Eocene and palynozone -3 is dated Lutetian to Bartonian age. Sediments between depth intervals of 2649-2560 m is marked a sequence boundary, 1650-2560 m, and 970-1190 m is delineated as high stand system tract. Shaly intervals from the depth of 1644 m, and 1234 m recorded acme of palynoflora (Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Verrucatosporites spinosus, Botryococcus braunii) and probably fingerprints a condensed section. The condensed section intervals (1644 m and 1234 m) may depict good source rock and exploration targets.
Associations of the Levels of C4d-bearing Reticulocytes and High-avidity Anti-dsDNA Antibodies with Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mora Claudia , Medina-Rosas Jorge , Santos Ana Maria , Jaimes Diego A. , Arbeláez Ana M. , Romero Consuelo , Cortes Annie , Londono John 
Published: May 2016

Objective.There are no laboratory tools that detect early flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to validate in our population the previous findings of the association of C4d-bearing reticulocytes (R-C4d) compared to anti-dsDNA antibodies, with disease activity assessed by the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) and the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 scales.Methods.All patients who met the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and were seen consecutively in 2013 at a specialized SLE care clinic were included. Disease activity was established by the SELENA-SLEDAI and BILAG 2004. Anti-dsDNA and R-C4d were quantified in peripheral blood. Comparisons were made between values of active and inactive patients, and the correlations between the SELENA-SLEDAI and serum levels of anti-dsDNA and R-C4d were measured.Results.Sixty-two patients (83.9% women) were included. A total of 32.3% had active disease according to the SELENA-SLEDAI. There was a significant statistical difference (p = 0.0001) in the distribution of R-C4d between disease activity groups. The correlation coefficient between R-C4d and the SELENA-SLEDAI score was rs = 0.738 (p = 0.0001). R-C4d differed between patients with and without activity in the BILAG 2004 constitutional, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, renal, and hematological domains.Conclusion.R-C4d showed a higher correlation with SLE activity measured by the SELENA-SLEDAI and BILAG 2004 than anti-dsDNA did, suggesting a possible involvement in diagnosing disease activity. Prospective studies that confirm these findings and evaluate its involvement in followup are needed.
Disparities in Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment for Youth with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Analysis of a National US Medicaid Sample
Authors: Knight Andrea M. , Xie Ming , Mandell David S. 
Published: May 2016

Objective.To estimate the national prevalence and racial/ethnic differences in psychiatric diagnoses and pharmacologic treatment in a US Medicaid beneficiary population of youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.We included youth aged 10 to 18 years with a diagnosis of SLE (defined as ≥ 3 outpatient visit claims with an International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code of 710.0, each > 30 days apart) in the US Medicaid Analytic Extract database from 2006 and 2007. This database contains all inpatient and outpatient Medicaid claims from 49 states and the District of Columbia. We calculated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and treatment, and used logistic regression to compare depression and anxiety diagnoses, antidepressant, and anxiolytic use among racial/ethnic groups.Results.Of 970 youth with SLE, 15% were white, 42% were African American, 27% were Latino, and 16% were of other races/ethnicities. Diagnoses of depression were present for 19%, anxiety for 7%, acute stress/adjustment for 6%, and other psychiatric disorders for 18%. Twenty percent were prescribed antidepressants, 7% were prescribed anxiolytics, 6% were prescribed antipsychotics, and 5% were prescribed stimulants. In adjusted analyses, African Americans were less likely than whites to be diagnosed with depression (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.90) or anxiety (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.98), or to be prescribed anxiolytics (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.48).Conclusion.We present population-level estimates showing high psychiatric morbidity in youth with SLE, but less prevalent diagnosis and treatment in African Americans. Mental health interventions should address potential racial/ethnic disparities in care.
Effect of Autoantibodies to Erythropoietin Receptor in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Biopsy-proven Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Hara Akinori , Furuichi Kengo , Yamahana Junya , Yasuda Haruka , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi 
Published: May 2016

Objective.We examined the clinical significance of autoantibodies to the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN).Methods.Forty-six Japanese patients with SLE with LN who had undergone renal biopsy during 1993–2014 were enrolled in this study and followed for a mean of 83 months. Sera from those patients were screened for anti-EPOR antibodies using ELISA.Results.Anti-EPOR antibodies were detected in 18 (39%) of the 46 patients with SLE with anemia. Anti-EPOR antibodies were associated with low hemoglobin concentrations and reticulocytopenia. In addition, anti-EPOR antibodies were positively correlated with SLE disease activity, even though serum levels of the complement factors 3 and 4 did not differ between the 2 groups. In patients with International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003 class IV LN, anti-EPOR antibodies were associated with active lesions including cellular crescents in glomeruli. Decrease in renal function was more frequently observed in patients without complete or partial renal response than in patients with it, and serum levels of the antibodies as well as renal response to treatment were significant risk factors for progression of renal dysfunction.Conclusion.The present study suggests that anti-EPOR antibodies might be involved in overall disease activity and active renal lesions, as well as in the impaired erythropoiesis in patients with SLE with LN. Further, the levels of anti-EPOR antibodies may be an additional predictor for renal injury.
Heavy silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid and biogenic silica in Arctic waters over the Beaufort shelf and the Canada Basin
Authors: Varela D. E. , Brzezinski M. A. , Beucher C. P. , Jones J. L. , Giesbrecht K. E. , Lansard B. , Mucci A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid (δ30Si(OH)4) and biogenic silica (δ30Si‐bSiO2) were measured for the first time in marine Arctic waters from the Mackenzie River delta to the deep Canada Basin in the late summer of 2009. In the upper 100 m of the water column, δ30Si(OH)4 signals (+1.82‰ to +3.08‰) were negatively correlated with the relative contribution of Mackenzie River water. The biogenic Si isotope fractionation factor estimated using an open system model, 30ε = −0.97 ± 0.17‰, agrees well with laboratory and global‐ocean estimates. Nevertheless, the δ30Si dynamics of this region may be better represented by closed system isotope models that yield lower values of 30ε, between −0.33‰ and −0.41‰, depending on how the contribution of sea‐ice diatoms is incorporated. In the upper 400 m, δ30Si‐bSiO2 values were among the heaviest ever measured in marine suspended bSiO2 (+2.03‰ to +3.51‰). A positive correlation between δ30Si‐bSiO2 and sea‐ice cover implies that heavy signals can result from isotopically heavy sea‐ice diatoms introduced to pelagic assemblages. Below the surface bSiO2 production zone, the δ30Si(OH)4 distribution followed that of major water masses. Vertical δ30Si(OH)4 profiles showed a minimum (average of +1.84 ± 0.10‰) in the upper halocline (125–200 m) composed of modified Pacific water and heavier average values (+2.04 ± 0.11‰) in Atlantic water (300–500 m deep). In the Canada Basin Deep Water (below 2000 m), δ30Si(OH)4 averaged +1.88 ± 0.12‰, which represents the most positive value ever measured anywhere in the deep ocean. Since most Si(OH)4 enters the Arctic from shallow depths in the Atlantic Ocean, heavy deep Arctic δ30Si(OH)4 signals likely reflect the influx of relatively heavy intermediate Atlantic waters. A box model simulation of the global marine δ30Si(OH)4 distribution successfully reproduced the observed patterns, with the δ30Si(OH)4 of the simulated deep Arctic Ocean being the heaviest of all deep‐ocean basins.