bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic hypertension increases aortic endothelial hydraulic conductivity by upregulating endothelial aquaporin-1 expression
Authors: Toussaint Jimmy , Raval Chirag Bharavi , Nguyen Tieuvi , Fadaifard Hadi , Joshi Shripad , Wolberg George , Quarfordt Steven , Jan Kung-ming , Rumschitzki David S. 
Published: July 2017

Numerous studies have examined the role of aquaporins in osmotic water transport in various systems, but virtually none have focused on the role of aquaporin in hydrostatically driven water transport involving mammalian cells save for our laboratory’s recent study of aortic endothelial cells. Here, we investigated aquaporin-1 expression and function in the aortic endothelium in two high-renin rat models of hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive genetically altered Wistar-Kyoto rat variant and Sprague-Dawley rats made hypertensive by two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt surgery. We measured aquaporin-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells from whole rat aortas by quantitative immunohistochemistry and function by measuring the pressure-driven hydraulic conductivities of excised rat aortas with both intact and denuded endothelia on the same vessel. We used them to calculate the effective intimal hydraulic conductivity, which is a combination of endothelial and subendothelial components. We observed well-correlated enhancements in aquaporin-1 expression and function in both hypertensive rat models as well as in aortas from normotensive rats whose expression was upregulated by 2 h of forskolin treatment. Upregulated aquaporin-1 expression and function may be a response to hypertension that critically determines conduit artery vessel wall viability and long-term susceptibility to atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The aortic endothelia of two high-renin hypertensive rat models express greater than two times the aquaporin-1 and, at low pressures, have greater than two times the endothelial hydraulic conductivity of normotensive rats. Data are consistent with theory predicting that higher endothelial aquaporin-1 expression raises the critical pressure for subendothelial intima compression and for artery wall hydraulic conductivity to drop.
Constitutive IDO1 Expression in Human Tumors Is Driven by Cyclooxygenase-2 and Mediates Intrinsic Immune Resistance
Authors: Hennequart Marc , Pilotte Luc , Cane Stefania , Hoffmann Delia , Stroobant Vincent , Plaen Etienne De , Eynde Benoît J. Van den 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Tumors use various mechanisms to avoid immune destruction. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression may be a driver of immune suppression in melanoma, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we show that COX-2 expression drives constitutive expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in human tumor cells. IDO1 is an immunosuppressive enzyme that degrades tryptophan. In a series of seven human tumor lines, constitutive IDO1 expression depends on COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which, upon autocrine signaling through the EP receptor, activates IDO1 via the PKC and PI3K pathways. COX-2 expression itself depends on the MAPK pathway, which therefore indirectly controls IDO1 expression. Most of these tumors carry PI3K or MAPK oncogenic mutations, which may favor constitutive IDO1 expression. Celecoxib treatment promoted immune rejection of IDO1-expressing human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human allogeneic lymphocytes. This effect was associated with a reduced expression of IDO1 in those ovarian SKOV3 tumors and an increased infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ cells. Our results highlight the role of COX-2 in constitutive IDO1 expression by human tumors and substantiate the use of COX-2 inhibitors to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, by reducing constitutive IDO1 expression, which contributes to the lack of T-cell infiltration in “cold” tumors, which fail to respond to immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 695–709. ©2017 AACR.
Survival, by Birth Weight and Gestational Age, in Individuals With Congenital Heart Disease: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Best Kate E. , Tennant Peter W.G. , Rankin Judith 
Published: July 2017

Background

Congenital heart disease (
CHD
) survival estimates are important to understand prognosis and evaluate health and social care needs. Few studies have reported
CHD
survival estimates according to maternal and fetal characteristics. This study aimed to identify predictors of
CHD
survival and report conditional survival estimates.

Methods and Results

Cases of
CHD
(n=5070) born during 1985–2003 and notified to the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey (Nor
CAS
) were matched to national mortality information in 2008. Royston–Parmar regression was performed to identify predictors of survival. Five‐year survival estimates conditional on gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and year of birth were produced for isolated
CHD
(ie,
CHD
without extracardiac anomalies). Year of birth, gestational age, birth weight, and extracardiac anomalies were independently associated with mortality (all
P
≤0.001). Five‐year survival for children born at term (37–41 weeks) in 2003 with average birth weight (within 1
SD
of the mean) was 96.3% (95%
CI,
95.6–97.0). Survival was most optimistic for high‐birth‐weight children (>1 SD from the mean) born post‐term (≥42 weeks; 97.9%; 95%
CI,
96.8–99.1%) and least optimistic for very preterm (<32 weeks) low‐birth‐weight (<1 SD from mean) children (78.8%; 95%
CI,
72.8–99.1).

Conclusions

Five‐year
CHD
survival is highly influenced by gestational age and birth weight. For prenatal counseling, conditional survival estimates provide best‐ and worst‐case scenarios, depending on final gestational age and birth weight. For postnatal diagnoses, they can provide parents with more‐accurate predictions based on their baby's birth weight and gestational age.
Different Implications of Heart Failure, Ischemic Stroke, and Mortality Between Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter—a View From a National Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Chen Tien‐Hsing , Chi Ching‐Chi , Lin Ming‐Shyan , Tung Tao‐Hsin , Liu Chi‐Hung , Chen Yung‐Lung , Chen Mien‐Cheng 
Published: July 2017

Background

Atrial flutter (
AFL
) has been identified to be equivalent to atrial fibrillation (
AF
) in terms of preventing ischemic stroke, although differences exist in atrial rate, substrate, and electrophysiological mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical outcomes between nonvalvular
AF
and
AFL
.

Methods and Results

AF
and
AFL
patients without any prescribed anticoagulation were enrolled from a 13‐year national cohort database. Under series exclusion criteria, ischemic stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality were compared between the groups in real‐world conditions and after propensity score matching. We identified 175 420 patients in the
AF
cohort and 6239 patients in the
AFL
cohort, and the prevalence of most comorbidities and frequency of medications were significantly higher in the
AF
group than the
AFL
group. In the real‐world setting the
AF
patients had higher incidence rates of ischemic stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality than the
AFL
patients (all
P
<0.001). After propensity score matching, the incidence rate of ischemic stroke in the
AF
cohort was 1.63‐fold higher than in the
AFL
cohort (
P
<0.001), the incidence rate of heart failure hospitalization in the
AF
cohort was 1.70‐fold higher than in the
AFL
cohort (
P
<0.001), and the incidence rate of all‐cause mortality in the
AF
cohort was 1.08‐fold higher than in the
AFL
cohort (
P
=0.002).

Conclusions

There were differences between
AF
and
AFL
in comorbidities and prognosis with regard to ischemic stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality.
NADPH oxidase-2 derived superoxide drives mitochondrial transfer from bone marrow stromal cells to leukemic blasts
Authors: Marlein Christopher R. , Zaitseva Lyubov , Piddock Rachel E. , Robinson Stephen D. , Edwards Dylan R. , Shafat Manar S. , Zhou Zhigang , Lawes Matthew , Bowles Kristian M. , Rushworth Stuart A. 
Published: July 2017

Key Points
Functional mitochondria are transferred in vivo from BMSC to the leukemic blast. AML-derived NOX2 drives transfer of mitochondria via the generation of superoxide.
Arterial stiffness in symptomatic smokers with normal lung function
Authors: Scichilone Nicola , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Maida Carlo , Benfante Alida , Peluso Jessica , Cirrincione Anna , Vassallo Valerio , Pinto Antonio 
Published: July 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction index are validated surrogate cardiovascular markers and are increased in subjects with COPD.We tested whether increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction occur in symptomatic smokers with no evidence of bronchial obstruction. Clinical and lung functional assessments were conducted in smoker subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and in COPD patients. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic augmentation index (AIx) and reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) were measured to estimate the cardiovascular risk.48 smokers (male n=37, female n=11; mean age 70±8.4 years) were studied. Smokers with respiratory symptoms without bronchial obstruction (n=13) did not differ from COPD patients (n=35) in terms of mean±sdPWV (12±3.2 m·s−1versus14±3.8 m·s−1; p=0.10), aortic AIx (25.2±11.8%versus24.8±9.7%, p=0.89) and RHI (1.66±1.49versus1.62±1.43; p=0.79).The current investigation shows that the cardiovascular risk occurs in smokers with respiratory symptoms in the absence of bronchial obstruction. These findings need to be confirmed in larger populations in order to inform the design of intensive preventive programmes.
Source to sink sandstone-mudstone proportion and facies distribution across a third-order clastic wedge, Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway
Authors: Gomez-Veroiza Carolina A. , Steel Ronald J. 
Published: July 2017

The Iles Clastic Wedge is a 500 m thick, 3 My duration, third-order sequence that built out eastward in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. The wedge also contains high-frequency regressive-to-transgressive sequences that are irregularly stacked in a basinward-stepping pattern (lower limb) and in a landward-stepping pattern (upper limb). The entire wedge and the component cycles were analyzed in terms of vertically monitored sandstone-mudstone proportion, thickness, and facies distribution. The measured profiles through the Iles Clastic Wedge form a 300 km long, source-to-sink transect from southeast Rock Springs uplift, Wyoming to Kremmling, Colorado. The sandstone proportion in the entire wedge (and also in the basinward-stepping half of the wedge) attains a maximum in the proximal reaches (fluvial and tidal-fluvial/estuarine channels) of the study transect and decreases unsteadily toward the medial and distal zone. A slight secondary increase in sand proportion also appears irregularly in the medial shoreline zone. On the other hand, the sandstone proportion in the landward-stepping half of the wedge reaches a maximum in the medial (tidal-fluvial and estuarine channels and delta-front) to distal zone (basinal regressive delta) of the wedge and decreases slightly sourceward. Along individual fourth-order sequences, the sandstones and mudstones indicate a more nuanced partitioning, with three marked sandstone maxima (proximal, medial, and distal zones), separated by zones with abundant mudstone. These sandstone peaks are produced by the presence of fluvial and tidal-fluvial/estuarine channel sandstones in the most proximal zone, delta front/shoreface in the medial reaches, and basinal regressive delta front in the distal zone. The mudstone peaks represent the muddy, coal-bearing coastal plain and the prodelta area. This accentuated sandstone and mudstone partitioning at shorter time scales (few 100 Ky) becomes blurred at the longer time scale (3 My) because of the progressive basinward, then landward, offset of successive high-frequency sequences that form the larger clastic wedge.
Accuracy of wavelets, seismic inversion, and thin-bed resolution
Authors: Zabihi Naeini Ehsan , Sams Mark 
Published: July 2017

Broadband reprocessed seismic data from the North West Shelf of Australia were inverted using wavelets estimated with a conventional approach. The inversion method applied was a facies-based inversion, in which the low-frequency model is a product of the inversion process itself, constrained by facies-dependent input trends, the resultant facies distribution, and the match to the seismic. The results identified the presence of a gas reservoir that had recently been confirmed through drilling. The reservoir is thin, with up to 15 ms of maximum thickness. The bandwidth of the seismic data is approximately 5–70 Hz, and the well data used to extract the wavelet used in the inversion are only 400 ms long. As such, there was little control on the lowest frequencies of the wavelet. Different wavelets were subsequently estimated using a variety of new techniques that attempt to address the limitations of short well-log segments and low-frequency seismic. The revised inversion showed greater gas-sand continuity and an extension of the reservoir at one flank. Noise-free synthetic examples indicate that thin-bed delineation can depend on the accuracy of the low-frequency content of the wavelets used for inversion. Underestimation of the low-frequency contents can result in missing thin beds, whereas underestimation of high frequencies can introduce false thin beds. Therefore, it is very important to correctly capture the full frequency content of the seismic data in terms of the amplitude and phase spectra of the estimated wavelets, which subsequently leads to a more accurate thin-bed reservoir characterization through inversion.
Nestin contributes to skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration
Authors: Lindqvist Julia , Torvaldson Elin , Gullmets Josef , Karvonen Henok , Nagy Andras , Taimen Pekka , Eriksson John E. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Nestin, a member of the cytoskeletal family of intermediate filaments, regulates the onset of myogenic differentiation through bidirectional signaling with the kinase Cdk5. Here, we show that these effects are also reflected at the organism level, as there is a loss of skeletal muscle mass in nestin−/− (NesKO) mice, reflected as reduced lean (muscle) mass in the mice. Further examination of muscles in male mice revealed that these effects stemmed from nestin-deficient muscles being more prone to spontaneous regeneration. When the regeneration capacity of the compromised NesKO muscle was tested by muscle injury experiments, a significant healing delay was observed. NesKO satellite cells showed delayed proliferation kinetics in conjunction with an elevation in p35 (encoded by Cdk5r1) levels and Cdk5 activity. These results reveal that nestin deficiency generates a spontaneous regenerative phenotype in skeletal muscle that relates to a disturbed proliferation cycle that is associated with uncontrolled Cdk5 activity.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 induces endocytosis and lysosomal sorting of connexin 43 to promote loss of gap junctions
Authors: Totland Max Z. , Bergsland Christian H. , Fykerud Tone A. , Knudsen Lars M. , Rasmussen Nikoline L. , Eide Peter W. , Yohannes Zeremariam , Sørensen Vigdis , Brech Andreas , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Leithe Edward 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Intercellular communication via gap junctions has an important role in controlling cell growth and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Connexin 43 (Cx43; also known as GJA1) is the most abundantly expressed gap junction channel protein in humans and acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple tissue types. Cx43 is often dysregulated at the post-translational level during cancer development, resulting in loss of gap junctions. However, the molecular basis underlying the aberrant regulation of Cx43 in cancer cells has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the oncogenic E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 regulates the Cx43 protein level in HeLa cells, both under basal conditions and in response to protein kinase C activation. Furthermore, overexpression of NEDD4, but not a catalytically inactive form of NEDD4, was found to result in nearly complete loss of gap junctions and increased lysosomal degradation of Cx43 in both HeLa and C33A cervical carcinoma cells. Collectively, the data provide new insights into the molecular basis underlying the regulation of gap junction size and represent the first evidence that an oncogenic E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes loss of gap junctions and Cx43 degradation in human carcinoma cells.
Functional outcomes following non-operative versus operative treatment of clavicle fractures in adolescents
Authors: Herzog M. M. , Whitesell R. C. , Mac L. M. , Jackson M. L. , Culotta B. A. , Axelrod J. R. , Busch M. T. , Willimon S. C. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Superiority of non-operative versus operative treatment of clavicle shaft fractures remains unclear. We aimed to assess shoulder function in adolescents following shortened clavicle fracture and compare operative versus non-operative treatment. Methods Patients aged 12 to 18 years at the time of fracture and minimum 1.5 years post injury were identified for this institutional review board (IRB)-approved study. For this retrospective cohort study, patients were frequency-matched for age, gender, shortening of the clavicle fracture and activity level. The dominant arm was controlled in the statistical model. Initial radiographs were used to measure clavicle shortening. At follow-up, isokinetic testing of both shoulders was performed in flexion, external rotation and the plane of scapular motion. Maximum number of isotonic repetitions and average isometric torque were recorded, as were ASES and DASH scores. Data were analysed comparing non-operative and operative groups and involved and uninvolved shoulders. Results Twenty patients were recruited (18 male, 2 female), with ten in each group. Median clavicle shortening was 17.5 mm (11.4 to 23.6). There was no statistical difference in average ASES (100 vs 99; p = 0.84) or DASH (0.0 vs 1.7; p = 0.08) between non-operative and operative groups, respectively. Results of isokinetic testing comparison between non-operative and operative groups showed no statistical difference for any individual association, controlling for the dominant arm. Among the non-operative group, the involved arm had decreased functional measures compared with the uninvolved arm on all measures, when controlling for dominant arm, and there was increased variability of the functional estimate. Conclusions The increased variability in functional measures for the non-operative group suggests some patients may have dysfunction.
The available evidence on demineralised bone matrix in trauma and orthopaedic surgery
Authors: van der Stok J. , Hartholt K. A. , Schoenmakers D. A. L. , Arts J. J. C. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives The aim of this systematic literature review was to assess the clinical level of evidence of commercially available demineralised bone matrix (DBM) products for their use in trauma and orthopaedic related surgery. Methods A total of 17 DBM products were used as search terms in two available databases: Embase and PubMed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses statement. All articles that reported the clinical use of a DBM-product in trauma and orthopaedic related surgery were included. Results The literature search resulted in 823 manuscripts of which 64 manuscripts met the final inclusion criteria. The included manuscripts consisted of four randomised controlled trials (level I), eight cohort studies (level III) and 49 case-series (level IV). No clinical studies were found for ten DBM products, and most DBM products were only used in combination with other grafting materials. DBM products were most extensively investigated in spinal surgery, showing limited level I evidence that supports the use Grafton DBM (Osteotech, Eatontown, New Jersey) as a bone graft extender in posterolateral lumbar fusion surgery. DBM products are not thoroughly investigated in trauma surgery, showing mainly level IV evidence that supports the use of Allomatrix (Wright Medical, London, United Kingdom), DBX (DePuy Synthes, Zuchwil, Switzerland), Grafton DBM, or OrthoBlast (Citagenix Laval, Canada) as bone graft extenders. Conclusions The clinical level of evidence that supports the use of DBM in trauma and orthopaedic surgery is limited and consists mainly of poor quality and retrospective case-series. More prospective, randomised controlled trials are needed to understand the clinical effect and impact of DBM in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. Cite this article: J. van der Stok, K. A. Hartholt, D. A. L. Schoenmakers, J. J. C. Arts. The available evidence on demineralised bone matrix in trauma and orthopaedic surgery: A systemati c review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:423–432. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.67.BJR-2017-0027.R1.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Producing Two-Step Flanges by Extrusion with a Movable Sleeve
Authors: Winiarski G. , Gontarz A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper presents a new metal forming process for producing two-step external flanges on hollow parts. With this method, the flange is extruded by a movable sleeve, which moves in the opposite direction to the punch. This reduces the phenomenon of buckling of the tube wall, which allows extruding flanges with relatively large volumes. The new method was applied to produce a two-step flange on the end of a tubular billet made of 6060 aluminum alloy. This cold metal forming process was designed based on numerical simulations and experimental tests. The effect of the basic technological parameters on metal flow was investigated and limitations of the process were identified. The experimental results confirmed the possibility of forming a two-step flange with a diameter that is approximately twice as big as the external diameter of the tubular billet.
The Influence of Extrusion Process on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Bednarczyk I. , Kuc D. , Tomaszewska A. , Mrugała A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe article presents the results of plastic shaping tests of AZ61 and WE43 alloys. There were both classic extrusion tests as well as extrusion tests of KOBO method. An assessment was made of the influence of extrusion process parameters on the mechanical properties and the structure of the alloys. On the basis of achieved results of mechanical properties for alloys AZ31 and WE43 the susceptibility of those alloys to plastic shaping was determined. Quantitative tests of structure assessment in case of alloys AZ61 and WE43 after extrusion with the use of KOBO method were conducted with the use of METILO program. It has been shown that extrusion AZ61, WE43 alloys method KOBO leads to considerable fragmentation of grains.
Using the Principles of Image Analysis in the Assessment of the Proportion of Retained Austenite in the Case Hardened Layers
Authors: Váňová P. , Sojka J. , Kulová T. , Jokešová K. , Purtátor P. , Spinu A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Structures of carburized layers after the surface saturation process in gaseous, liquid or solid medium and after subsequent heat treatment (hardening and low-temperature tempering) consist mainly of high carbon plate martensite with a certain portion of retained austenite. The presence of retained austenite (RA) in carburized layers is mostly considered as undesirable because it decreases hardness of the hardened layer and furthermore, a spontaneous conversion to a ferritic-carbide mixture of a bainitic type, accompanied by a change of properties, dimensional instability and the local increase in internal stress with the possible formation of cracks, can occur. The proportion of retained austenite is, therefore, a significant characteristics of the quality of hardened layers. This work deals with the evaluation of the volume fraction of retained austenite in carburized layers using image analysis on metallographic images.