bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an Italian real‐world data study
Authors: Paoletti Olga , Hyeraci Giulia , Finochietti Marco , Celani Maria Grazia , Bacigalupo Ilaria , Lombardi Niccolò , Crescioli Giada , Tuccori Marco , Cascini Silvia , Gini Rosa , Addis Antonio , Kirchmayer Ursula ,   CAESAR study group
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose was to describe the use patterns of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological therapies and investigate potential determinants of riluzole use in patients newly diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in three Italian regions.MethodsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients were selected from administrative healthcare databases of Latium, Tuscany and Umbria from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019 based on hospital‐ and disease‐specific co‐payment exemption data. The first trace of ALS was considered the index date. Incident ALS cases were those without a trace of ALS during the 3‐year look back. Patients were described in terms of demographics, clinical characteristics and drug use at baseline, and were classified into four categories based on riluzole use in the 2 years before and 1 year after the index date: prevalent, incident, former users and non‐users. Use of symptomatic pharmacological and non‐pharmacological therapies was described across these categories during 12 months after the index date. Determinants of riluzole use were also investigated.Results and conclusionsA total of 1636 ALS incident subjects were detected in the three regions, mainly aged 65–74 years. Patients were generally fragile with a high prevalence of comorbidities at baseline. Riluzole was used by 27.4% of the overall study cohort at baseline and steeply increased in the first year after the index date differently between regions (Latium 61.2%, Tuscany 85.0%, Umbria 76.5%), with about half of the subjects being incident users. In the 12 months after the index date, also symptomatic therapies increased, in riluzole users and non‐users. Determinants analysis showed that higher patient severity and complexity were associated with a lower likelihood of being treated with riluzole.
Patients carrying pathogenic SCN8A variants with loss‐ and gain‐of‐function effects can be classified into five subgroups exhibiting varying developmental and epileptic components of encephalopathy
Authors: Hack Joshua B. , Watkins Joseph C. , Schreiber John M. , Hammer Michael F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivePhenotypic heterogeneity presents challenges in providing clinical care to patients with pathogenic SCN8A variants, which underly a wide disease spectrum ranging from neurodevelopmental delays without seizures to a continuum of mild to severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). An important unanswered question is whether there are clinically important subgroups within this wide spectrum. Using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) approaches, we previously found statistical support for two and three subgroups associated with loss‐ and gain‐ of‐ function vari‐ants, respectively. Here, we test the hypothesis that the unsupervised subgroups (U1–U3) are distinguished by differential contributions of developmental and epileptic components.MethodsWe predicted that patients in the U1 and U2 subgroups would differ in timing of developmental delay and seizure onset, with earlier and concurrent onset of both features for the U3 subgroup. Standard statistical procedures were used to test these predictions, as well as to investigate clinically relevant associations among all five subgroups.ResultsTwo‐population proportion and Kruskal–Wallis tests supported the hypothesis of a reversed order of developmental delay and seizure onset for patients in U1 and U2, and nearly synchronous developmental delay/seizure onset for the U3 (termed DEE) subgroup. Association testing identified subgroup variation in treatment response, frequency of initial seizure type, and comorbidities, as well as different median ages of developmental delay onset for all five subgroups.SignificanceUnsupervised ML approaches discern differential developmental and epileptic components among patients with SCN8A‐related epilepsy. Patients in U1 (termed developmental encephalopathy) typically gain seizure control yet rarely experience improvements in development, whereas those in U2 (termed epileptic encephalopathy) have fewer if any developmental impairments despite difficulty in achieving seizure control. This understanding improves prognosis and clinical management and provides a framework to discover mechanisms underlying variability in clinical outcome of patients with SCN8A‐related disorders.
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Young Women With Congenital Heart Disease Through Adolescence: A Qualitative Feminist Study Using Focus Groups
Authors: Tylek Anna , Summers Charlotte , Maulder Ellen , Welch Lindsay , Calman Lynn 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe overarching aim of this study is to explore, examine and identify the experience that young women with congenital heart disease face as they transition through adolescence into womanhood.DesignThis is an empirical qualitative study conducted in the form of three focus groups. The study design and analysis adopted a feminist ontological positioning to elucidate the voice of women and offer an alternative perspective of cardiology health care. Data were analysed using the inductive thematic approach informed by the study aims.ParticipantsA group of seven female participants (mean age 26) based in the United Kingdom, each with varying degrees of congenital heart defects that required open heart surgery growing up, was included in the study.ResultsThree key themes with antecedent concepts emerged: (a) the impact of womanhood and the potential influence of motherhood on the young women themselves transitioning through adolescence with CHD within medical and sociocultural contexts, (b) the challenges of being a woman and undergoing heart surgery during adolescence on the young women's health before, during and after surgery and (c) the effect of existing online/offline healthcare and social structures on women's health during transitioning through adolescence These themes were encompassed under an overarching theme of psychological complexities developed throughout the cardiac journey from diagnosis through to post‐surgery.ConclusionThis study built on the limited exploration of being a young woman and having CHD and confirmed that there are vulnerabilities and challenges in having CHD as a young woman transitioning through adolescence. This was a result of sex (biological characteristics) and gender factors (socially constructed roles). This leads to short‐ and long‐term implications on psychological well‐being. This research indicates that enhancements are needed in the provision of care and psychological support for young women with CHD. This will help to enable women to achieve a good quality of life in addition to increased life expectancy offered by medical advancements.Patient or Public ContributionActive participant involvement was crucial to ensure the authentic female voice in the study. This study received support from young women with congenital heart disease. Young women contributed to the study design, recruitment of participants and analysis of results. Two of the women were also co‐authors of this paper.
Defining the Role of the Fire and Rescue Service in Mental Health Support for Older Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fisher Tamsin , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Corp Nadia , Farooq Saeed , Kingston Paul , Read Ian , Spolander Gary , Southam Jane , Stevens Dean , Warren Carmel , Kingstone Tom 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAnxiety and depression in older adults (60+ years of age) are under‐diagnosed and under‐treated. Older adults are less likely to seek help for these problems due to a lack of awareness, difficulty accessing health care due to availability or disability and fear of loss of independence. Existing points of contact between older adults and non‐traditional services, for example, the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS), could provide opportunities to support help‐seeking for mental ill‐health. The FRS conduct Home Fire Safety Visits (HFSVs) with older adults and are well positioned to provide health‐related support. This study examines a range of perspectives on the potential role of the FRS in the identification of, and signposting for, anxiety and depression in older adults.MethodsThis was a qualitative study carried out using mixed methods in West Midlands, UK. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with older adults and health and social care providers (practitioners, managers, commissioners) to explore the acceptability of the FRS expanding its role to detect and signpost for anxiety and depression in older adults. Observations examined delivery of existing HFSVs to older adults. Data were combined and analysed using a reflexive thematic approach.ResultsEighteen health and social care providers and 8 older adults were interviewed; 10 HFSVs were observed. Two overarching themes were identified: (1) Potential role for the FRS and (2) Operationalising identification of mental health problems by FRS. Interviews and observations demonstrated how HFSVs offer a suitable opportunity to start conversations about mental health. All interview participants felt that although the FRS would be well placed to deliver an intervention, they would require training, support and a referral pathway co‐produced with and supported by health and social care partners.ConclusionA whole‐system approach is needed if the FRS are to expand HFSVs to identify mental health problems in older adults and provide signposting to appropriate services.Patient or Public ContributionJ.S. is a public co‐investigator. A Patient Advisory Group contributed to the initial funding application, design and conduct of the study, including data analysis and advice on dissemination.
A VIRTUE ETHICS FOR HISTORIANS: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: PAUL HERMAN 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHow feasible would it be to develop a virtue ethics for historians that is analogous or similar to virtue‐ethical approaches to research integrity that have been proposed for other areas of academic inquiry? The field of history is an interesting one, as few disciplines have an equally well‐documented history of thinking, talking, and writing about virtues. This history merits ethicists’ attention, as it offers a unique opportunity for grounding ethical reflection in the lived realities of historical research and teaching. In the spirit of a “history and philosophy of history,” this article contributes to such a project by staging a conversation between virtue ethics and the history of historiography. Drawing on a range of nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century examples, it argues that much of what applied virtue ethicists are recommending scholars to do has a long pedigree in the history of historiography. Critical virtue ethics, too, is a project to which historians can easily relate, especially insofar as they are committed to virtues of truthfulness in an age of post‐truth. If this suggests that there is room, or perhaps even a need, for a virtue ethics for historians, the cases examined in this article also prompt critical questions, especially ones regarding the teachability of virtue, the potential of virtue talk to be misused for polemical and exclusionary purposes, and the sort of tasks that a virtue ethics is capable of addressing. In light of these considerations, the article calls for reflection on the “affordances” of virtue. It claims that the case for a virtue ethics will be strongest if it is grounded in a realistic understanding not only of the beneficial uses to which categories of virtue can be put but also of unintended uses to which virtue talk is susceptible and of tasks for which virtue thinking is less prepared.
Ethnic minorities and the leadership glass cliff: Insights into a field experiment
Authors: Adamovic Mladen , Leibbrandt Andreas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing a resume study, we investigate hiring discrimination for leadership positions against job applicants with Chinese and Indian names before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We submitted more than 8000 job applications to job advertisements in Australia. We find hiring discrimination against applicants with Chinese and Indian names for non‐leadership positions before and during the pandemic. However, hiring discrimination has not increased during the pandemic. Importantly, and consistent with the glass cliff theory, hiring discrimination has largely vanished for leadership positions during the pandemic, for which discrimination was most pronounced before the pandemic.
COVID‐19 as a financial opportunity for the millennials
Authors: Tal Sharon Garyn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to examine how COVID‐19 affects the views of the members of Generation Y (millennials) regarding their financial future. The literature often describes and perceives millennials as spoiled, unindustrious and lacking in focus. This research uses data collected via interviews with 20 participants in their 20s and 30s who live in the centre of Israel. The participants were recruited by a polling company during September 2021. The study finds that participants’ behaviour during this crisis was more level‐headed than in the past due to their understanding that the future is uncertain and they can rely on no one other than themselves. The study's participants reported making decisions to improve their financial future. Most view COVID‐19 as a rare opportunity to make changes in their lives, primarily in their finances and their employment. This is reflected by current choices intended to create a better financial future for themselves. The main finding of this research is that following the shock caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, millennials have been forced to take care of themselves. They understand that if their parents get sick, they will not be able to continue making a living and will be unable to provide financial help to their children.
Strain engineering of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of phosphorene‐like ZnS ceramic nanolayers: Density functional theory study
Authors: Pakizeh Esmaeil , Mohammadi Mahnaz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStrain engineering is a powerful technique for controlling the performance of semiconductor ceramic systems. In this article, the effect of strain engineering, specifically biaxial compressive and tensile strains, on the bonding characteristics, structure, electronic, and optical properties of nonplanar phosphorene‐like (NPP) ZnS ceramic nanolayers was investigated using density functional theory. It was observed that this ceramic exhibits greater stability under significant tensile strains. The structural stability of NPP‐ZnS ceramic, both with and without biaxial strain, was confirmed by its negative formation energy. Biaxial strain strongly influences the electronic band structure of NPP‐ZnS ceramic nanolayers, leading to a transformation from a direct band gap to an indirect gap under tensile strain. Additionally, the bandgap decreases under compressive strain, while it slightly increases under tensile strain. Various optical properties, including refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption, reflectivity, optical conductivity, and optical susceptibility, were calculated. Biaxial compressive and tensile strains alter the optical properties, shifting them to higher or lower frequencies. NPP‐ZnS ceramic nanolayers exhibit high optical absorption in the UV range, which can be further enhanced by biaxial strain. Furthermore, under increasing compressive strain, the absorption edge moves toward higher energies. This improvement in optical absorption expands the potential applications of NPP‐ZnS ceramic nanolayers in optoelectronic devices.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of MYH11+ tumour‐associated fibroblasts between left‐sided and right‐sided colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhao Yue , Zhang Sainan , Du Meiyu , He Guanzhi , Tan Senwei , Li Hailong , Zhang Duoyi , Cheng Liang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits considerable heterogeneity on tumour location. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive annotation regarding the characteristics and differences between the left‐sided (L‐CRC) and right‐sided (R‐CRC) CRC. Here, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on immune and stromal cells from 12 L‐CRC and 10 R‐CRC patients. We found that L‐CRC exhibited stronger tumour invasion and poor prognosis compared with R‐CRC. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of a normal cohort showed that fibroblasts of left colon are associated with tumour‐related pathways. This suggested that the heterogeneity observed in both L‐CRC and R‐CRC may be influenced by the specific location within the colon itself. Further, we identified a potentially novel MYH11+ cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) subset predominantly enriched in L‐CRC. Moreover, we found that MYH11+ CAFs may promote tumour migration via interacting with macrophages, and was associated with poor prognosis in CRC. In summary, our study revealed the crucial role of MYH11+ CAFs in predicting a poor prognosis, thereby contributing valuable insights to the exploration of heterogeneity in L‐CRC and R‐CRC.
A computer tool for Aiken's coefficients calculation: Applications in clinical and research settings
Authors: Ventura‐León José , Lluncor‐Vasquez Ariana , Chuquillanqui‐Silva Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRationaleIn clinical and research settings, the validity and reliability of measurement instruments are crucial for reliable results. Current methods for computing validation metrics like Aiken's coefficients are often complex and error‐prone, highlighting the need for a standardized computational tool to simplify and enhance this process.Aims and ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to develop AikenCalc, a tool created to automate the calculation of Aiken coefficients. This tool provides a quantitative method for examining the validity and reliability of consensus among expert judges.MethodAikenCalc was developed with Shiny app, an R library that allows an easy‐to‐use interface and improved computational efficiency. It was validated using a convergence method by comparing the manual calculations with those obtained using AikenCalc. Additionally, to examine usability and interface, six experts evaluated their experience using AikenCalc and provided improvement feedback.ResultsAikenCalc demonstrated good convergent validity, closely aligning with the results obtained manually, and the six experts gave favorable ratings regarding the usability and interface of AikenCalc. Finally, it was shown that AikenCalc significantly reduced the time required for calculations, thanks to its user‐friendly interface.ConclusionAikenCalc represents a significant improvement in the validation of measurement instruments by automating and simplifying the calculation of Aiken's coefficients through a Shiny web application. Additionally, it fills a knowledge gap, as there is currently no similar calculator available in the field of research.
Effect of positive psychological capital on burnout in public hospital nurses: Mediating effect of compassion fatigue is greater than compassion satisfaction
Authors: Kim Sin Ah , Kim Sung Reul , Kim Hye Young 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimAlthough relationships among positive psychological capital (PsyCap), compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout have been reported, causal relationships among these variables have not been identified. This study examined the influence of positive PsyCap on burnout and confirmed the mediating effects of compassion fatigue and satisfaction among public hospital nurses.MethodsThis study adopted a correlational cross‐sectional design. We recruited 237 nurses working at a public hospital, using convenience sampling.ResultsThe fit of the hypothetical model was adequate. Positive PsyCap directly affected compassion fatigue and satisfaction, and burnout. It had an indirect effect on burnout. Compassion fatigue and satisfaction directly affect burnout. This finding indicates that compassion fatigue and satisfaction partially mediate between positive PsyCap and burnout. In addition, the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction on the relationship between positive PsyCap and burnout. Finally, positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction explained 70.4% of the total variance in burnout scores. The effect size (f2) was 2.38 (large effect size).ConclusionsBurnout should be assessed with positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction among public hospital nurses. Given that the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction, interventions for compassion fatigue may be a strategy to reduce burnout, especially among public hospital nurses with low levels of positive PsyCap.
How much do family‐supportive supervisor behaviours matter? A meta‐analysis based on the ability‐motivation‐opportunity framework
Authors: Hao Leilei , Zong Zhaobiao , Zhao Teng , Meng Weixuan , Meng Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFamily‐supportive supervisor behaviours (FSSB) and their association with employees' work, family, and health outcomes have been widely investigated in workplace contexts. We aimed to acquire a comprehensive understanding of whether FSSB have valuable associations with work, family, and health outcomes and to investigate how FSSB are related to these outcomes using 126 independent samples retrieved from 122 articles (N = 59,068). Our findings revealed several outcomes. First, the bivariate results demonstrated that FSSB were significantly associated with essential work, family, and health outcomes. Second, FSSB exerted beneficial incremental effects on task performance, burnout, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction beyond coworker support, flexible work arrangements, and family‐supportive organizational perceptions, providing further support for its discriminant validity. Third, we built an integrative model that uses ability‐motivation‐opportunity as our organizational framework. Our findings demonstrate that FSSB are significantly associated with employees' work and health outcomes through self‐efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and autonomy. Intrinsic motivation exerts the largest mean indirect effect, followed by self‐efficacy and autonomy. Based on these findings, we discuss theoretical and practical implications as well as directions for future research.
Network versus spatial proximity and firm innovation: The case of the R&D service sector
Authors: Turkina Ekaterina , Frigon Anthony , Doloreux David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper analyzes the relationship between different types of proximities—network and spatial—in relation to innovation in the context of the R&D service industry. In doing so, it contributes to the recent debate in the literature on the effects of network connectivity versus geographical colocation. The paper uses original data from a survey of 145 R&D service establishments in Montreal (Canada) and their interactions with both local and nonlocal organizations. The findings of the paper indicate that collaborative networks (both local and nonlocal) have a stronger association with R&D service innovation than spatial proximity to R&D service organizations and other collaborators. However, when these two dimensions are interacted, they are shown to function as substitutes. The paper also demonstrates that the relationship between spatial proximity and networking varies across three dimensions: local versus nonlocal networking, the type of relationship (client, supplier, competitor, and research institutes and university), and the type of network connectivity—brokerage versus closure.