bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoiding rainbow 2-connected subgraphs
Authors: Gorgol Izolda 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
While defining the anti-Ramsey number Erdős, Simonovits and Sós mentioned that the extremal colorings may not be unique. In the paper we discuss the uniqueness of the colorings, generalize the idea of their construction and show how to use it to construct the colorings of the edges of complete split graphs avoiding rainbow 2-connected subgraphs. These colorings give the lower bounds for adequate anti-Ramsey numbers.
ISLAM DAN PERADABAN
Authors: Anieg Mukhamad 
Published: April 2017

<p>Abstract</p><p><span>! e word Civilization is often given the same meaning with culture. But there is a di$ erence in <span>meaning between the two terms. The term Civilization to civilization and Culture for culture. Similarly <span>differentiated between in Arabic word <span>Tsaqafah <span>(culture), said <span>Hadharah <span>(progress), and of the <span>Tamaddun<br /><span>(civilization). Al-kala’i argues that culture in the Arabic language means al-tsaqofah.Initially, i.e. from <span>the time of Rosululloh until the 12th century ad this civilization has managed successfully so that it can <span>give birth to world-class historians so that from here can also give birth to community organizations,<br /><span>the economic centre of the region, language, education, religious belief and science, all of which were <span>based on the religion of islam. Already quite a lot of Americans, Europeans and others converted to <span>Islam. However, unfortunately the addition of Muslims is not coupled the readiness concept in Islamic<br /><span>civilization progress. at this time the quantity of people the most is the religion of Islam which reached <span>1.4 billion people. But it is not the completion of the Muslims in the face of the progress of civilization.<br /><span>Finally the triumph of Islam was down. ! erefore, we must build the Islamic Civilization.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><br /><span><strong>Keyword:</strong> <span><em>Civilization, religious, community</em>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Discovery of Novel 2-Amino-5-(Substituted)-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: New Utilities for Colon Cancer Treatment
Authors: Raj Vinit , Rai Amit , Singh Ashok K. , Keshari Amit K. , Trivedi Prakruti , Ghosh Balaram , Kumar Umesh , Kumar Dinesh , Saha Sudipta 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Colon cancer is one of the most widespread disease, the mortality rate is high due to
cancer metastasis and the development of drug resistance. In this regards, new chemotherapeutic agents with
specific mechanisms of action and significant effect on patient’s survival are the new era for the colon cancer
drug development.

Objective:
The main objective of present study was to design, synthesize of a novel series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole
derivatives (VR1 to VR35) and screen them against HT-29 human colon cancer cell line.

Method:
Newly 1,3,4-thiadiazole scaffold were designed, synthesized and further, characterized by FTIR, NMR
(1H and 13C), MS and elemental analyses. Before the synthesis, molecular dynamic simulation and ADME studies
were performed to find out the most potent lead compounds. Later, SRB assay using HT-29 cells and ELISA
assays were performed to explore activity and molecular targets of VR24 and VR27 and find out whether in
silico data had a similar pattern in the molecular level.

Results:
The results of docking study revealed that both VR24 and VR27 had interaction energy >-5 kcal/mol
with various assigned molecular targets and the ligand-protein complexes were found to be stable with IL-6. The
computational analysis of molecules showed good ADMET profiling. Later, the in vitro anticancer study was
conducted where VR24 and VR27 were found to be active against HT-29 cells (GI50<10 µM). Finally, ELISA
assays revealed that both the compounds had higher inhibition properties to various biomarker of colon cancer
like IL-6 and COX-2.

Conclusion:
Collectively, these result suggested that VR24 and VR27 inhibited the assigned molecular targets,
imparting their ameliorative effects against colon cancer. Due to these encouraging results, we concluded that
both VR24 and VR27 may be effective against colon cancer therapy in future.
Using weighted hospital service area networks to explore variation in preventable hospitalisation.
Authors: Falster Michael , Jorm Louisa , Leyland Alastair 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesMarkets of health care are created in health services research to attribute variation in performance to characteristics of the health system. Defining patient catchments to capture hospital-level variation poses particular difficulties, because many factors other than geography drive choice of hospital. Several methods using linked data have been developed to create patient catchments or ‘hospital service areas’ (HSAs), including patterns of patient flow and networks of patient and physician referrals, yet these discrete catchments often have poor patient loyalty and are unable to attribute variation to specific hospitals. This study sought to demonstrate the use of multiple membership multilevel models, which cluster people in one or more higher-level units (such as multiple hospitals), in exploring between-hospital variation of preventable hospitalisations.
ApproachLinked hospital data from 267,014 participants in the 45 and Up Study, NSW Australia, with linkage by the NSW CHeReL, were used to create weighed hospital service area networks (HSANs) in which patterns of patient flow to large public hospitals within 593 postal areas were used to create a weighted probability of admission of participants to each hospital. Multiple membership multilevel Poisson models were used to explore variation in rates of preventable hospitalisation, clustering participants in hospitals using a weighted HSAN, and compared with models clustering participants in HSAs based on the most common hospital of admission.
ResultsThe most common hospital of admission accounted for an average of 67% of all admissions in each postal area. There was significant variation in rates of preventable hospitalisation between all 79 large public hospitals when clustering participants in a weighted HSAN, which was more than twice as large as the variation between the 72 hospitals forming the basis of HSAs. The ranking of hospitals differed between modelling approaches, and the hospital with the highest rate of preventable hospitalisation wasn’t identified when using HSAs. There was no association between hospital bed occupancy rate and preventable hospitalisations when using either modelling approach.
ConclusionQuantifying variation in health service use and outcomes is the cornerstone of creating accountable health care systems, yet much information is lost in creating discrete health catchments. Multiple membership multilevel models can help capture this uncertainty, and given they can be applied using extensions of current methodology, have potential to be used across a variety of methods for defining and analysing health care catchments.
Maternal age and child development outcomes at age five in Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children: a population data linkage study
Authors: Falster Kathleen , Hanly Mark , Banks Emily , Lynch John , Jorgensen Mikaela , Brownell Marni , Jorm Louisa 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesAlmost one-fifth of Australian Aboriginal mothers give birth before 20 years of age compared with 3% of non-Aboriginal mothers. We aim to quantify the effect of maternal age at birth on child development outcomes in Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal children.
ApproachThe ‘Seeding Success’ study cohort comprises an almost complete population of children who started school in Australia’s most populous state, New South Wales (NSW), in 2009 or 2012, and were born in NSW, identified by linking Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) data to perinatal and birth registration datasets. Of the 154,936 children in the cohort, 8001 (5%) were Aboriginal. We calculated the risk of developmental vulnerability on one or more AEDC domains by maternal age at birth and Aboriginality. Risk differences and risk ratios (RR) were estimated as measures of absolute and relative inequalities, respectively. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to test the effect of maternal age on child development by Aboriginality.
Results1383 (17%) Aboriginal children were born to a mother <20 years compared with 4310 (3%) non-Aboriginal children. Among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children, the risk of developmental vulnerability decreased with increasing maternal age up to 35 years; the risk increased for children born to mothers >35 years. Among Aboriginal children, the risk decreased from 46% (95%CI, 39-52) to 31% (95%CI, 24-38) in children born to mothers’ aged ≤16 years to age 35 years, respectively. In non-Aboriginal children, the risk decreased from 38% (95%CI, 33-43) to 16% (95%CI, 15-17) in those born to mothers’ aged ≤16 years to 35 years, respectively. Risk differences and risk ratios for developmental vulnerability between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children increased with increasing maternal age. Compared to non-Aboriginal children born to mothers aged ≥20 years (ref group, RR, 1.0), the RR for developmental vulnerability was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.6-1.9) for non-Aboriginal children born to mothers aged <20 years; 1.6 (95% CI, 1.6-1.7) for Aboriginal children born to mothers aged ≥20 years; and 2.2 (95% CI, 2.0-2.3) for Aboriginal children born to mothers aged <20 years.
ConclusionChildren born to very young mothers had a high risk of vulnerability regardless of Aboriginality, whereas Aboriginal children had a greater risk of developmental vulnerability across the rest of the maternal age range. Both absolute and relative inequalities in developmental vulnerability increased with increasing maternal age. Early intervention and support services targeted at Aboriginal mothers and their children, regardless of the mother’s age, may reduce this inequality.
Preschool attendance and early childhood development outcomes in the first year of school for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Jorgensen Mikaela , Falster Kathleen , Hanly Mark , Goldfeld Sharon , Jorm Louisa , Craven Rhonda 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesA key target to reduce the gap in early childhood outcomes between Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children has been to increase preschool enrolment rates, particularly in remote communities. However, there is little population-based information on preschool attendance and its impact on child development for Aboriginal children specifically. This study aims to examine: (i) the characteristics of children, families and areas associated with preschool attendance; and (ii) the association between preschool attendance and childhood development in the first year of school for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Australia’s most populous state, New South Wales (NSW).
ApproachRoutinely-collected birth registration, perinatal, health and education data were used to create a linked dataset consisting of an almost complete population of children known as the ‘Seeding Success’ cohort. These children were born in NSW and had an Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) checklist completed by their teacher in their first year of school in NSW in 2009 and 2012 (n=154,936). Multilevel Poisson regression modelling was used to determine child-, family- and area-level characteristics associated with preschool attendance in the year before starting school. The association between preschool attendance and childhood development in the first year of school, as measured across five AEDC developmental domains, was also examined.
Results71% of Aboriginal children attended preschool in the year before school (95% CI: 70% to 72%) compared with 76% of non-Aboriginal children (95% CI: 76% to 77%). The prevalence of preschool attendance was lower in major cities compared with regional and remote areas, with 65% of Aboriginal children attending preschool in major cities compared with 73% in outer regional and 79% in remote areas. Factors associated with preschool attendance in the year before starting school included being non-Aboriginal, speaking English as a first language, having a mother with a partner, having fewer older siblings, living in a more remote area and living in a less socioeconomically disadvantaged area. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, Aboriginal children who attended preschool were more likely to be developmentally ‘on track’ compared with Aboriginal children who did not attend preschool, in four of the five AEDC domains.
ConclusionThe barriers to preschool attendance for Aboriginal children living in major cities should be further explored. Targeted support for families and areas where preschool attendance is lower is likely required to ensure children have access to the apparent benefits of preschool education.
Identification of falls subgroups through semantic similarity analysis
Authors: Almohaimeed Muhannad , Brass Andy , Ba-Dhfari Thamer 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe information contained within medical data is often used to make new medical discoveries. However, the most common way to use such data has been to query the data to answer very specific questions. For example, does having diabetes cause some patients to experience falls? If researchers have good questions, then the data can provide good answers. But are there any other equally important questions that could be asked of the data that people haven’t yet thought to ask?
We are exploring a new strategy that we have developed to look for unusual and interesting patterns about falls in the elderly at subgroups level to see the different risks associated with different groups. Some of these risks will be associated with questions that are already well-known, but some should point to new and important questions that have not yet been asked. This opens up a better opportunity to identify patients at risk of falls, helping guide policy so as to reduce falls.
ApproachWe mapped patient records into a low dimensional space using the notions of semantic similarity (Resnik node-based) and machine learning (principal component analysis) to provide a good representation of the data. This representation was used for clustering and visualisation through the DBSCAN algorithm. To look for enrichment in the resultant clusters, we analysed each cluster separately and look at the sets of patients defined in these clusters. Then, classic data mining techniques were used in order to generate hypotheses. The associations found were then be tested using more traditional comorbidity measures such as relative risk (RR) and its confidence intervals.
ResultsWe demonstrated the methodology on 589,169 older adults from clinical practice research datalink (CPRD). We successfully identified six distinct subgroups of falls from the elderly population who are identified with different risks. Some of the associations found are well defined in the literature; for example, depression and musculoskeletal conditions are significantly associated with falls. However, a number of associations are not reported in the clinical literature. Such hypotheses need further exploration by epidemiologists.
ConclusionFuture work will focus on incorporating temporal dimension which might provide useful insights into missed opportunities detection and risk modelling and understanding of a disease. Last, this methodology holds promises for the study of other complex diseases using any source of data which are described using terms from taxonomies or ontologies.
In adults with multimorbidity, does the provision of social care services have an effect on the use of primary care and secondary care health services?
Authors: Henderson David 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesHealth and social care is an area of high policy importance in the UK. Integration of health boards with local authority provided social care in Scotland in 2016 is a major structural change in delivery of care. Improvements in service and efficiency are expected and indeed required in an era of declining budgets.
Intuitively, health and social care are closely linked, particularly for those with multiple morbidities. However, little is known about the relationship between health and social care services and how usage of one has an impact on the other in terms of outcomes and costs.
The study aims to describe the methods that have been used to analyse the relationship between social care, primary care and secondary care services.
Findings will inform the analysis of a large linked dataset of health care, social care and benefits data that will investigate the interactions between health and social care, multimorbidity and socioeconomic status.
ApproachA Scoping review of literature aiming to identify academic studies that have made an assessment of the relationship between health care and social care.
A search of academic databases will be augmented by a search of grey literature aiming to identify the extent, range and nature of studies. Data will be extracted on populations, study designs, results and recommendations. Results will be visualised in charts alongside a descriptive qualitative synthesis.
ResultsExpected June 2016
Comparison of child mortality by characteristics at birth in England and in Sweden using linked administrative data
Authors: Zylbersztejn Anna , Gilbert Ruth , Hjern Anders , Hardelid Pia 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesEngland has one of the highest child mortality rates in Western Europe, while Sweden has one of the lowest. These differences suggest that improvements in early life mortality should be achievable in England. However, policy makers need to know when in the life course to target interventions to prevent the largest number of deaths in early life, e.g. by addressing the prevalence of risk factors at birth (such as preterm birth or low birthweight), or improving the care of babies after birth. This study aims to compare child mortality in England and in Sweden using whole country birth cohorts based on linked administrative health databases in order to determine whether the disparities are driven by risk factors operating before or after birth.
ApproachWe created birth cohorts from a national birth register (Sweden) and a hospital admission database (England). These were linked to longitudinal hospital data and death registration data. All singleton live births for 2003-2012 were included and followed from birth up to five years. We compared mortality in England and in Sweden using Cox proportional hazard model with characteristics at birth (gestation, birthweight, gender, maternal age, congenital malformations), socio-economic status and country as covariates.
ResultsThe study cohort comprised 1,047,192 children in Sweden and 6,117,693 children in England. 2,820 of cohort children died in Sweden (0.3%) and 28,434 in England (0.5%).
Preliminary results showed that under-5 mortality was almost twice as high in England as in Sweden (5.1 deaths per 1000 live births, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0/1000-5.2/1000 vs 3.0/1000, 95% CI: 2.9/1000-3.2/1000). Mortality rates were 45% higher in England during infancy, but only 15% higher in early-childhood (1-4 years). Children with congenital malformations were at similar risk of death in England (33.9/1000, 95% CI: 32.9/1000-34.8/1000) as in Sweden (32.7/1000, 95% CI: 29.5/1000-35.8/1000). The prevalence of congenital malformations, however, was twice as high in England (5.1% vs 2.6%).
ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest that the disparities in early-childhood mortality were partly driven by increased prevalence of congenital malformations in England relative to Sweden, as mortality rates within this group were comparable.
Individual-level data from birth cohorts constructed using linked administrative health databases enable comparing mortality among children with the same combinations of risk factors at birth. Such analyses can inform policy makers whether resources to prevent early-life mortality are most effectively targeted at improving the health of pregnant women, neonatal care, or supporting families with young children.
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Assisted Reproductive Technology: Massachusetts 2004-2010 Population-based Results from Data Linkage Efforts
Authors: Kotelchuck Milton , Gopal Daksha , Kernan Gabriela , Diop Hafsatou 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is unknown. The impact, if any, of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on ASD has not been established. The study compares the prevalence of children 0-3 years with ASD conceived by mothers with infertility through ART (ART), mothers with infertility but not using ART (SUBFERT), and mothers without infertility spontaneously conceiving (FERTILE) – separately among singletons and twins. The importance of linked population-based data systems to this analysis will be highlighted.
ApproachThis analysis requires linkage of three distinct data systems: the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcomes Reporting System (SART-CORS) clinical database; the Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal (PELL) public health data system (which includes birth certificate and hospital discharge data); and the Massachusetts’ children’s special needs Early Intervention (EI) program data. PELL data from 7/1/04-12/31/10 included 370,755 women with 474,784 deliveries resulting in 486,075 live births and fetal deaths. These were deterministically linked to 70,086 ART cycles among 28,490 women from SART-CORS; and then further linked to EI program participant data from 7/1/04-12/31/13. ASD was defined as a documented ASD diagnosis (ICD9 codes: 299) in the EI or hospital discharge records and/or claims documentation for autism-related EI specialty services. Chi-square and multivariate regression models estimated the association of ART, SUBFERT and FERTILE with ASD, controlling for maternal demographics, payer source, prenatal care, smoking, parity, delivery method, hypertension, obstetric or gynecologic health conditions, gender, paternal age and prematurity.
ResultsOur final study population consisted of 481,575 children (460,117 singletons and 21,458 twins). Among singletons, the ASD prevalence was 1.7% and 1.3% in the ART and SUBFERT groups, respectively, compared to 1.0% in the FERTILE group. Among twins, the ASD prevalence was 2.3% and 2.4% in the ART and SUBFERT groups, respectively, compared to 2.0% in the FERTILE group. Among singletons, the adjusted odd ratios (aORs) were 1.0 [95% CI: 0.9-1.3] and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9-1.4) for ART and SUBFERT compared to the FERTILE group. Among multiples, aORs were 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8-1.4) and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8-1.8) for ART and SUBFERT compared to the FERTILE group. There were no significant differences in ASD prevalence between ART and SUBFERT groups.
ConclusionsThe likelihood of an ASD diagnosis among singleton or twin children born to ART or SUBFERT mothers does not differ from FERTILE mothers. Population-based linkage of clinical and public health databases provides unique opportunities to examine longer-term outcomes of ART.