bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Probabilistic Approach for Acoustic Emission‐Based Rail Condition Assessment
Authors: Wang Junfang , Liu Xiao‐Zhou , Ni Yi‐Qing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe investigation described in this article aims at developing a Bayesian‐based approach for probabilistic assessment of rail health condition using acoustic emission monitoring data. It comprises the following three phases: (i) formulation of a frequency‐domain structural health index (SHI), via a linear transformation method, tailored to damage‐sensitive frequency bandwidth; (ii) establishment of data‐driven reference models, using Bayesian regression about the real and imaginary parts of the SHI derived with monitoring data from the intact rail; and (iii) quantitative evaluation of discrimination between the new observations representative of current rail health condition and the baseline model predictions in terms of Bayes factor. If the deviation of the new observations from the predictions is within an acceptable tolerance, no damage is flagged, and the new data are further used to update and refine the reference models. If the observations deviate substantially from the model predictions in a probabilistic sense, damage is signaled, damage severity is quantified, and damage location determined. The proposed approach is examined by using field monitoring data acquired from an instrumented railway turnout, and the coincidence between the assessment results and the actual health conditions demonstrates its effectiveness in damage detection, localization, and quantification.
Evidence of anthropogenic trauma in marine mammals stranded along the central California coast, 2003–2015
Authors: Barcenas‐De la Cruz Daniela , DeRango Eugene , Johnson Shawn P. , Simeone Claire A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA total of 11,162 stranded marine mammals was admitted to a rehabilitation center on the central California coast between January 2003 and September 2015. Six hundred seventeen animals (6%) had evidence of anthropogenic trauma (AT). California sea lions comprised the majority (83%) of AT cases, particularly by entanglement in marine debris (n = 277) and gunshot injuries (n = 165). Guadalupe fur seals had the highest prevalence of entanglement in marine debris. Cetaceans were primarily affected by boat collisions (n = 19). The highest numbers of overall strandings were recorded in 2009 (n = 1,690) and 2015 (n = 1,666); 2009 also had the highest total number (n = 137) and prevalence (8%) of AT cases. Prevalence of fishing tackle cases increased compared to similar data from 1986 to 1998 while prevalence of gunshot cases decreased, and other causes remained static. Cases of fisheries interactions were further examined and characterized, and when direct fisheries interactions were separated from other causes of AT, fisheries interactions accounted for 50% (n = 310) of all AT cases during the study period. Direct fisheries interactions were the most common type of AT observed among stranded marine mammals in central California. Tracking AT trends is important to further understand possible causes and inform mitigation efforts.
Variability in blue whale acoustic behavior off southern California
Authors: Lewis Leah A. , Širović Ana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo evaluate the acoustic behavior of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) located inshore and offshore of southern California, singular A and B calls, D calls, and AB phrases were analyzed from 12 mo of passive acoustic data collected at four locations within the Southern California Bight. The relative proportions of singular calls and phrases were used to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in sound and song type usage, and singular call and phrase production rates were calculated to investigate spatial and temporal variability in call abundance. Blue whale sounds were recorded from spring through early winter, with the majority of all detections occurring between September and December. The proportions and production rates of singular calls and phrases varied between the inshore and offshore sites. In addition, the percentage of A units within repetitive song phrases was greater inshore than offshore, resulting from a higher proportion of AB song type inshore, in which A and B phrase units were alternating. The ABB song type, in which a single A unit was followed by multiple B units, was more common offshore. The observed differences in calling and singing behaviors may identify distinct and variable acoustic behavioral settings for blue whales off southern California.
Integrative review of cervical cancer screening in Western Asian and Middle Eastern Arab countries
Authors: Ali Suhailah , Skirton Heather , Clark Maria T. , Donaldson Craig 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPopulation‐based screening programs have resulted in minimizing mortality and morbidity from cervical cancer. The aim of this integrative review was to explore the factors influencing access of women from Western Asian and Middle Eastern Arab countries to cervical cancer screening. A systematic search for studies conducted in Arab countries in those regions, and published in English between January 2002 and January 2017, was undertaken. Thirteen papers were selected and subjected to quality appraisal. A three step analysis was used, which involved a summary of the evidence, analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data, and integration of the results in narrative form. Few population‐based cervical cancer screening programs had been implemented in the relevant countries, with low knowledge of, and perceptions about, cervical screening among Arab women, the majority of whom are Muslim. Factors affecting the uptake of cervical cancer screening practices were the absence of organized, systematic programs, low screening knowledge among women, healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward screening, pain and embarrassment, stigma, and sociocultural beliefs. Policy changes are urgently needed to promote population‐based screening programs. Future research should address the promotion of culturally‐sensitive strategies to enable better access of Arab Muslim women to cervical cancer screening.
Genome‐wide analysis and endo‐β‐mannanase gene family expression profiling of tomato and soybean
Authors: Chen Xiuling , Jin Changjiang , Wang Peiwen , Chen Kai , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Li Jingfu , Gong Chao , Wang Aoxue 
Published: October 2017

Endo‐β‐mannanase is a type of cell wall degrading enzyme that plays various roles in different developmental events and in different plants. Evolutionary analysis of the gene family may provide insight into gene function and speciation. In this study, genome‐wide analysis and expression profiling of the tomato Solanum lycopersicum and soybean Glycine max endo‐β‐mannanase gene families were performed. We identified 11 and 20 endo‐β‐mannanase genes in the tomato and soybean genomes, respectively. Sequence alignment revealed three α‐helices (αA, αB and αC) of plant endo‐β‐mannanases that were conserved in tomato, soybean and Arabidopsis. Analyses of gene structure and phylogenetic analysis suggested that loss of introns has played an important role in the evolution of endo‐β‐mannanases. Evolutionary analysis of endo‐β‐mannanases from various plant species showed that they diversified before the divergence of lower (algae and bryophytes) and higher plants. Promoter sequence analysis and expression pattern analysis revealed that endo‐β‐mannanases are not only involved in growth and developmental processes of tomato, but also associated with the stress response in plants.Abbreviations – GH, glycoside hydrolase families; CBM, carbohydrate‐binding module; ABRE, ABA responsive elements; ARFAT, auxin responsive factor; ARR1AT, cytokinin responsive element; CPBCSPOR, cytokinin enhanced element; ERE, ethylene responsive element; GARE, GA responsive element; DRE, dehydration‐responsive element; LTRE, low‐temperature responsive element; MYB/MYC, transcription factor elements under stress conditions; W‐BOX, stress responsive element.
Role of extracytoplasmic function sigma factor PG1660 (RpoE) in the oxidative stress resistance regulatory network of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Dou Y. , Rutanhira H. , Chen X. , Mishra A. , Wang C. , Fletcher H.M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn Porphyromonas gingivalis, the protein PG1660, composed of 174 amino acids, is annotated as an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor (RpoE homologue‐σ24). Because PG1660 can modulate several virulence factors and responds to environmental signals in P. gingivalis, its genetic properties were evaluated. PG1660 is co‐transcribed with its downstream gene PG1659, and the transcription start site was identified as adenine residue 54‐nucleotides upstream of the ATG translation start codon. In addition to binding its own promoter, using the purified rPG1660 and RNAP core enzyme from Escherichia coli with the PG1660 promoter DNA as template, the function of PG1660 as a sigma factor was demonstrated in an in vitro transcription assay. Transcriptome analyses of a P. gingivalis PG1660‐defective isogenic mutant revealed that under oxidative stress conditions 176 genes including genes involved in secondary metabolism were downregulated more than two‐fold compared with the parental strain. The rPG1660 protein also showed the ability to bind to the promoters of the highly downregulated genes in the PG1660‐deficient mutant. As the ECF sigma factor PG0162 has a 29% identity with PG1660 and can modulate its expression, the cross‐talk between their regulatory networks was explored. The expression profile of the PG0162PG1660‐deficient mutant (P. gingivalis FLL356) revealed that the type IX secretion system genes and several virulence genes were downregulated under hydrogen peroxide stress conditions. Taken together, we have confirmed that PG1660 can function as a sigma factor, and plays an important regulatory role in the oxidative stress and virulence regulatory network of P. gingivalis.
Phenomics allows identification of genomic regions affecting maize stomatal conductance with conditional effects of water deficit and evaporative demand
Authors: Prado Santiago Alvarez , Cabrera‐Bosquet Llorenç , Grau Antonin , Coupel‐Ledru Aude , Millet Emilie J. , Welcker Claude , Tardieu François 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStomatal conductance is central for the trades‐off between hydraulics and photosynthesis. We aimed at deciphering its genetic control and that of its responses to evaporative demand and water deficit, a nearly impossible task with gas exchanges measurements. Whole‐plant stomatal conductance was estimated via inversion of the Penman–Monteith equation from data of transpiration and plant architecture collected in a phenotyping platform. We have analysed jointly 4 experiments with contrasting environmental conditions imposed to a panel of 254 maize hybrids. Estimated whole‐plant stomatal conductance closely correlated with gas‐exchange measurements and biomass accumulation rate. Sixteen robust quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by genome wide association studies and co‐located with QTLs of transpiration and biomass. Light, vapour pressure deficit, or soil water potential largely accounted for the differences in allelic effects between experiments, thereby providing strong hypotheses for mechanisms of stomatal control and a way to select relevant candidate genes among the 1–19 genes harboured by QTLs. The combination of allelic effects, as affected by environmental conditions, accounted for the variability of stomatal conductance across a range of hybrids and environmental conditions. This approach may therefore contribute to genetic analysis and prediction of stomatal control in diverse environments.
The genetic architecture of photosynthesis and plant growth‐related traits in tomato
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Franklin Magnum , Lichtenstein Gabriel , Alseekh Saleh , Rosado‐Souza Laise , Conte Mariana , Suguiyama Vanessa Fuentes , Lira Bruno Silvestre , Fanourakis Dimitrios , Usadel Björn , Bhering Leonardo Lopes , DaMatta Fábio M. , Sulpice Ronan , Araújo Wagner L. , Rossi Magdalena , de Setta Nathalia , Fernie Alisdair R. , Carrari Fernando , Nunes‐Nesi Adriano 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo identify genomic regions involved in the regulation of fundamental physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, a population of Solanum pennellii introgression lines was analyzed. We determined phenotypes for physiological, metabolic, and growth related traits, including gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Data analysis allowed the identification of 208 physiological and metabolic quantitative trait loci with 33 of these being associated to smaller intervals of the genomic regions, termed BINs. Eight BINs were identified that were associated with higher assimilation rates than the recurrent parent M82. Two and 10 genomic regions were related to shoot and root dry matter accumulation, respectively. Nine genomic regions were associated with starch levels, whereas 12 BINs were associated with the levels of other metabolites. Additionally, a comprehensive and detailed annotation of the genomic regions spanning these quantitative trait loci allowed us to identify 87 candidate genes that putatively control the investigated traits. We confirmed 8 of these at the level of variance in gene expression. Taken together, our results allowed the identification of candidate genes that most likely regulate photosynthesis, primary metabolism, and plant growth and as such provide new avenues for crop improvement.
The terpene synthase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum harbors a linalool synthase GhTPS12 implicated in direct defence responses against herbivores
Authors: Huang Xin‐Zheng , Xiao Yu‐Tao , Köllner Tobias G. , Jing Wei‐Xia , Kou Jun‐Feng , Chen Jie‐Yin , Liu Dan‐Feng , Gu Shao‐Hua , Wu Jun‐Xiang , Zhang Yong‐Jun , Guo Yu‐Yuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHerbivore‐induced terpenes have been reported to function as ecological signals in plant–insect interactions. Here, we showed that insect‐induced cotton volatile blends contained 16 terpenoid compounds with a relatively high level of linalool. The high diversity of terpene production is derived from a large terpene synthase (TPS) gene family. The TPS gene family of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium raimondii consist of 46 and 41 members, respectively. Twelve TPS genes (GhTPS4–15) could be isolated, and protein expression in Escherichia coli revealed catalytic activity for eight GhTPS. The upregulation of the majority of these eight genes additionally supports the function of these genes in herbivore‐induced volatile biosynthesis. Furthermore, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants overexpressing GhTPS12 were generated, which produced relatively large amounts of (3S)‐linalool. In choice tests, female adults of Helicoverpa armigera laid fewer eggs on transgenic plants compared with non‐transformed controls. Meanwhile, Myzus persicae preferred feeding on wild‐type leaves over leaves of transgenic plants. Our findings demonstrate that transcript accumulation of multiple TPS genes is mainly responsible for the production and diversity of herbivore‐induced volatile terpenes in cotton. Also, these genes might play roles in plant defence, in particular, direct defence responses against herbivores.
Extensive nail changes in a toddler with multisystemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Kumar Vimal , Angappan Dhanalakshmi , Scott Julius , Munirathnam Deenadayalan , Vij Mukul , Shanmugam Naresh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a multisystem disorder involving various organs. Nail changes in LCH are extremely rare. We present this case report of extensive nail changes in an 18‐month‐old child with multisystem LCH.
Methotrexate treatment in a case of juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris
Authors: Boyd Anne H. , Polcari Ingrid C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old boy who was initially diagnosed with plaque psoriasis failed management with topical therapies and skin biopsy confirmed the suspected diagnosis of juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by follicular keratotic papules coalescing into plaques, along with palmoplantar keratoderma. Treatment modalities include topical and systemic therapies, although previous studies have not shown much benefit with methotrexate in children. We present a case in which methotrexate led to significant improvement of the skin findings in a child with type IV juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris.
From childhood adversity to problem behaviors: Role of psychological and structural social integration
Authors: Chao Lo‐Hsin , Tsai Meng‐Che , Liang Ya‐Lun , Strong Carol , Lin Chung‐Ying 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversity (CA) is associated with problem behaviors in adolescence, but the mediators, that is, those factors that help build resilience and prevent some children who experience CA from engaging in problem behaviors, await more exploration, including social integration. The aim of this study was to identify the association between CA and adolescent problem behaviors, and to further examine the mediating role of social integration distinctly as psychological and structural integration.MethodsData used were from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey, a core panel of 4,261 students (age 13) surveyed in 2001 and followed for three more waves until age 18. For psychological integration, an average score was calculated to represent adolescents’ feelings about their school. Structural integration was constructed using several items about adolescents’ school and extracurricular activities. We used structural equation modeling with the diagonally weighted least squares method to examine the effect of CA on the primary outcome: adolescent problem behaviors via social integration.ResultsThe hypothesized structural equation model specifying the path from CA to adolescent problem behavior had good fit. Respondents with one CA were indirectly linked to problem behaviors via psychological but not structural integration (e.g. the level of participation in school and non‐school activities). On mediation analysis, psychological integration significantly mediated the paths from one CA to all six problem behaviors (all P < 0.05).ConclusionThe presence of only one CA was indirectly associated with problem behavior via psychological integration; two or more CA were not associated with significant paths to problem behaviors. The contribution of social integration is crucial to an adolescent's development from CA to problem behaviors. To form supportive social relationships to achieve better health, we suggest that those adolescents who have been exposed to CA should be helped to join more teams and take part in more activities, thereby increasing their opportunities for social interaction, and improving their communication skills.
Social Context, Institutional Capacity, and Police Services: A Local Public Economies Perspective
Authors: Leon‐Moreta Agustin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article examines levels of policing services, focusing on an assessment of resources and their measurement for municipalities. Two measures of policing levels assess the reliability of the findings across alternative measurements. Social and institutional characteristics are explored to evaluate alternative explanations in policing efforts. The article presents four decades of census data for municipalities in metropolitan areas. The central finding is that unequal levels of policing are prevalent across American municipalities. An additional finding is that social and institutional contexts affect policing, based on a pooled time‐series analysis of municipal governments. Although its main contribution is to local public economies research, the research also integrates the social and institutional literatures to identify factors in the allocation of resources to policing.
Toward Probabilistic Prediction of Flash Flood Human Impacts
Authors: Terti Galateia , Ruin Isabelle , Gourley Jonathan J. , Kirstetter Pierre , Flamig Zachary , Blanchet Juliette , Arthur Ami , Anquetin Sandrine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on conceptual and methodological developments allowing the integration of physical and social dynamics leading to model forecasts of circumstance‐specific human losses during a flash flood. To reach this objective, a random forest classifier is applied to assess the likelihood of fatality occurrence for a given circumstance as a function of representative indicators. Here, vehicle‐related circumstance is chosen as the literature indicates that most fatalities from flash flooding fall in this category. A database of flash flood events, with and without human losses from 2001 to 2011 in the United States, is supplemented with other variables describing the storm event, the spatial distribution of the sensitive characteristics of the exposed population, and built environment at the county level. The catastrophic flash floods of May 2015 in the states of Texas and Oklahoma are used as a case study to map the dynamics of the estimated probabilistic human risk on a daily scale. The results indicate the importance of time‐ and space‐dependent human vulnerability and risk assessment for short‐fuse flood events. The need for more systematic human impact data collection is also highlighted to advance impact‐based predictive models for flash flood casualties using machine‐learning approaches in the future.
Does water temperature influence the performance of key survival skills?
Authors: Schnitzler C. , Button C. , Seifert L. , Armbrust G. , Croft J. L. 
Published: October 2017

Aquatic survival skills may be compromised in cold water thereby increasing the likelihood of drowning. This study compared physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses of humans treading water and swimming in cold and temperate water. Thirty‐eight participants were classified as inexperienced (n = 9), recreational (n = 15), or skilled (n = 10) swimmers. They performed 3 tasks: treading water (120 seconds), swim at “comfortable” pace, and swim at “fast” pace in 2 water conditions (28°C vs 10°C). Heart rate, oxygen uptake, psychometric variables, spatio‐temporal (swim speed, stroke rate, and stroke length), and coordination type were examined as a function of expertise. Tasks performed in cold water‐generated higher cardiorespiratory responses (HR = 145 ± 16 vs 127 ± 21 bpm) and were perceived about 2 points more strenuous on the Borg scale on average (RPE = 14.9 ± 2.8 vs 13.0 ± 2.0). The voluntary durations of both treading water (60 ± 32 vs 91 ± 33 seconds) and swimming at a comfortable pace (66 ± 22 vs 103 ± 34 seconds) were significantly reduced in cold water. However, no systematic changes in movement pattern type could be determined in either the treading water task or the swimming tasks. Water temperature influences the physical demands of these aquatic skills but not necessarily the behavior. Training treading water and swimming skills in temperate water seems to transfer to cold water, but we recommend training these skills in a range of water conditions to help adapt to the initial “cold‐shock” response.