bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Challenge for Objective Uncertainties and The Propensity Theorist
Authors: Stenwall Robin , Persson Johannes , Sahlin Nils-Eric 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper is concerned with the existence of objective uncertainties. What would it take for objective uncertainties to exist, and what would be the consequences for our understanding of the world we live in? We approach these questions by considering two common theories on how we are to understand the being of propensities and how it pertains to possible outcomes that remain unmanifested. It is argued that both or these theories should be rejected, and be replaced with a theory we call unrestricted actualism according to which the possible outcomes of propensities (whether realized or unrealized) are denizens of the actual world.
Strong plasmonic enhancement of single molecule photostability in silver dimer optical antennas
Authors: Kaminska Izabela , Vietz Carolin , Cuartero-González Álvaro , Tinnefeld Philip , Fernández-Domínguez Antonio I. , Acuna Guillermo P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotobleaching is an effect terminating the photon output of fluorophores, limiting the duration of fluorescence-based experiments. Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the overall fluorophore photostability through an enhancement of the radiative rate. In this work, we use the DNA origami technique to arrange a single fluorophore in the 12-nm gap of a silver NP dimer and study the number of emitted photons at the single molecule level. Our findings yielded a 30× enhancement in the average number of photons emitted before photobleaching. Numerical simulations are employed to rationalize our results. They reveal the effect of silver oxidation on decreasing the radiative rate enhancement.
The indexical scope of adios: a relevance theoretic analysis of discursive constructions of gender and institutions and their impact on utterance interpretation
Authors: Christie Christine 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this special issue of the Journal of Politeness Research is to show
what happens when different analytical frameworks are be applied to a single piece of data: a
short YouTube clip of a hearing in a USA courtroom. My specific aim in this paper is to show what
an indexical analysis of (im)politeness phenomena, that is informed by a relevance-theoretic
approach to communication, can bring to light about a short exchange between the judge and the
defendant, that would not be evident to most viewers of this clip, and which also would not come
to light through the application of the other methodologies demonstrated in this issue. Overall, I
show that an analytical framework that takes a pragmatically informed indexical approach to
(im)politeness phenomena, would predict and can explain variation between interpretations of an
utterance as well as similarities in interpretation. It can therefore be used to address a problem
that has always been present in (im)politeness analyses: how to identify and account for the social
meanings generated by the use of a linguistic form in context.
Addressing the challenges of standalone multi-core simulations in molecular dynamics
Authors: Ocaya R.O. , Terblans J.J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComputational modelling in material science involves mathematical abstractions of force fields between particles with the aim to postulate, develop and understand materials by simulation. The aggregated pairwise interactions of the material’s particles lead to a deduction of its macroscopic behaviours. For practically meaningful macroscopic scales, a large amount of data are generated, leading to vast execution times. Simulation times of hours, days or weeks for moderately sized problems are not uncommon. The reduction of simulation times, improved result accuracy and the associated software and hardware engineering challenges are the main motivations for many of the ongoing researches in the computational sciences. This contribution is concerned mainly with simulations that can be done on a “standalone” computer based on Message Passing Interfaces (MPI), parallel code running on hardware platforms with wide specifications, such as single/multi- processor, multi-core machines with minimal reconfiguration for upward scaling of computational power. The widely available, documented and standardized MPI library provides this functionality through the MPI_Comm_size (), MPI_Comm_rank () and MPI_Reduce () functions. A survey of the literature shows that relatively little is written with respect to the efficient extraction of the inherent computational power in a cluster. In this work, we discuss the main avenues available to tap into this extra power without compromising computational accuracy. We also present methods to overcome the high inertia encountered in single-node-based computational molecular dynamics. We begin by surveying the current state of the art and discuss what it takes to achieve parallelism, efficiency and enhanced computational accuracy through program threads and message passing interfaces. Several code illustrations are given. The pros and cons of writing raw code as opposed to using heuristic, third-party code are also discussed. The growing trend towards graphical processor units and virtual computing clouds for high-performance computing is also discussed. Finally, we present the comparative results of vacancy formation energy calculations using our own parallelized standalone code called Verlet–Stormer velocity (VSV) operating on 30,000 copper atoms. The code is based on the Sutton–Chen implementation of the Finnis–Sinclair pairwise embedded atom potential. A link to the code is also given.
Optimal Fiscal Policy with Utility-Enhancing Government Spending, Consumption Taxation and a Common Income Tax Rate: The Case of Bulgaria
Authors: Vasilev Aleksandar 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper explores the effects of fiscal policy in an economy based on indirect taxes, and one that is constrained to taxing all (labor and capital) income at the same rate. The focus of the paper is on the relative importance of consumption vs. income taxation, as well as on the provision of utility-enhancing public services. To this end, a Real-Business-Cycle model, calibrated to Bulgarian data (1999–2014), was set up with a richer public finance side. Bulgarian economy was chosen as a case study due to its major dependence on consumption taxation as a source of tax revenue. To illustrate the effects of fiscal policy, two regimes were compared and contrasted to one another - exogenous vs. optimal (Ramsey) policy case. The main findings from the computational experiments performed are: (i) The optimal steady-state (capital and labor income) tax rate is zero, as it is the most distortionary tax to use; (ii) The optimal steady-state consumption tax (the only source of revenue) has to almost double to finance the optimally-set level of government purchases.
A new view of some operators and their properties in terms of the Non-Newtonian Calculus
Authors: Ünlüyol Erdal , Salas Seren , Iscan Imdat 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Differentiation and integration are basic operations of calculus and analysis. Indeed, they are in- finitesimal versions of substraction and addition operations on numbers, respectively. From 1967 till 1970 Michael Grossman and Robert Katz gave definitions of a new kind of derivative and integral, converting the roles of substraction and addition into division and multiplication, respectively and thus established a new calculus, called Non-Newtonian Calculus. So in this paper, it is investigated to a new view of some operators and their properties in terms of Non-Newtonian Calculus. Then we compare with the Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Calculus.
Large unstained cells are correlated with inflammatory biomarkers in patients with invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Cakir Isil , Cakir Nuri , Atalay Mustafa Altay , Koc Ayse Nedret 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objective
The percentage of large unstained cells (%LUCs) reflects peroxidase-negative cells and activated lymphocytes. Unlike other infections, the value of %LUCs in the diagnosis of fungal infections is not clear. We aimed to evaluate %LUCs and its correlations with other inflammatory parameters of invasive aspergillosis (IA) patients.

Methods
Twenty patients and 20 healthy participants were included. Full blood count parameters including %LUCs values were recorded. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (ELR) were calculated.

Results
There was a significant difference between the study groups for %LUCs [2.40 (2.22–3.25); 1.43 (1.25–2.10), respectively; p<0.001]. Furthermore, %LUCs were statistically significantly correlated with PLR, NLR and MLR (p=0.020, 0.040, 0.040; respectively) but not correlated with ELR (p>0.05).

Conclusion
The %LUCs values were significantly increased and correlated with markers of inflammation in patients. We suggest that the %LUCs is a useful predictor and may be an aid in the diagnosis and/or the management of IA and may help clinicians for follow up these patients in therapy process. Our study provides target pathways for further studies in the diagnosis of Aspergillus-infected patients using inflammatory parameters.
Evaluation of Gas6 and sAxl levels during attacks and attack-free periods of familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Cakirca Gokhan , Celik Muhammet Murat 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to assess the growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6) and soluble Axl (sAxl) levels in the familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients, and to investigate the correlation between the levels of these with the inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and fibrinogen.

Materials and methods
Seventy nine FMF patients (35 in attack period and 44 in attack-free period) and 40 healthy controls were involved in the study. The levels of serum Gas6 and sAxl were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results
Gas6 levels of the FMF patients with attack were significantly lower than both the attack-free patients and the healthy controls (p=0.007 and p=0.003, respectively). However, no significant difference was detected between the Gas6 levels of the attack-free patients and the healthy controls (p>0.05). sAxl levels of the FMF patients with attack were significantly lower than the healthy control (p=0.007). A positive correlation was found between the Gas6 and CRP levels of the FMF patients with attack (r=0.379, p=0.025).

Conclusions
This study indicates that decreased serum Gas6 and sAxl levels may be associated with FMF attack period. Further studies on the role of the Gas6/Axl system in FMF are needed.
Alternative Ernährungsnetzwerke als Alternative Ökonomien
Authors: Rosol Marit 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden Interesses an alternativen Ökonomien werden in diesem einführenden Beitrag Alternative Ernährungsnetzwerke als alternative wirtschaftliche Netzwerke konzeptualisiert, welche herkömmliche Produktions-Konsum-Beziehungen in ökologischer und/oder sozialer Hinsicht zu verändern suchen. Hierfür wird die Entwicklung der Debatte einschließlich kontroverser Aspekte nachgezeichnet. Um die geographische Ernährungsforschung weiter voranzubringen, werden abschließend wirtschaftsgeographisch orientierte Forschungsfragen und -perspektiven abgeleitet.
Study of the Backfill Confined Consolidation Law and Creep Constitutive Model under High Stress
Authors: Wang Zhikai , Yang Peng , Lyu Wensheng , Yu Genbo , Yang Chao 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
To better understand the mechanical behavior of the compression deformation of backfill under high stresses corresponding to large depths, consolidation compression tests were performed for cemented tailings backfill with a cement-sand ratio of 1:10 and a concentration of 70 % under confined conditions. After applying different loading stress functions from 0.5 to 32 MPa, the final axial deformation of the test specimen of backfill was obtained, and the micromorphology of backfill was studied before and after consolidation by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, fitting analysis was performed for backfill confined compression deformation data and device model constitutive equations by the minimum square law, and the constitutive model was revised according to the analysis results. The research results indicate that as the load increases, the void ratio e obeys the functional relationship e=algt + b with compression time t. Under the high-stress conditions of confinement, the constitutive model of backfill consolidation and creep can be used to describe the creep behavior of the backfill. Under high-stress conditions, after the consolidation of the confined backfill, the space between the tailing particles diminishes, the particles become more compact, and particle slippage occurs.
Effects of Light Cement Stabilization on Properties of Fine-Grained Dredged Soils
Authors: Bazne Mohammed O. A. , Vahedifard Farshid , Howard Isaac L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Dredged soils often have very high moisture content and exhibit poor engineering properties. This article presents experimental results to assess index properties and strength development of lightly cemented soils with very high moisture content over time. A key objective was to show that very-high-moisture soils can be stabilized with low dosages of portland-limestone cement (PLC) or ordinary portland cement (OPC) and still achieve useful properties for some beneficial reuse applications. Key factors separating this effort from past efforts are the use of lower cement dosages and comparisons between traditionally used OPC and a more sustainable alternative (PLC). Dredged soils were collected from two disposal facilities near the ports of Memphis, Tennessee, and Mobile, Alabama. Mixtures were prepared at two levels of moisture content with two cement types and three levels of cement content. Results showed soils stabilized at 10 % cement meet the target unconfined compressive strength for low ground pressure construction applications (&gt;140 kPa). Findings supported the position that lightly cemented soils with very high moisture, especially with PLC, are sustainable and can achieve suitable properties for some applications.
Altered Baseline and Nicotine-Mediated Behavioral and Cholinergic Profiles in ChAT-Cre Mouse Lines
Authors: Chen Edison , Lallai Valeria , Sherafat Yasmine , Grimes Nickolas P. , Pushkin Anna N. , Fowler JP , Fowler Christie D. 
Published: January 2018

The recent development of transgenic rodent lines expressing cre recombinase in a cell-specific manner, along with advances in engineered viral vectors, has permitted in-depth investigations into circuit function. However, emerging evidence has begun to suggest that genetic modifications may introduce unexpected caveats. In the current studies, we sought to extensively characterize male and female mice from both the ChAT(BAC)-Cre mouse line, created with the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) method, and ChAT(IRES)-Cre mouse line, generated with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) method. ChAT(BAC)-Cre transgenic and wild-type mice did not differ in general locomotor behavior, anxiety measures, drug-induced cataplexy, nicotine-mediated hypolocomotion, or operant food training. However, ChAT(BAC)-Cre transgenic mice did exhibit significant deficits in intravenous nicotine self-administration, which paralleled an increase in vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) hippocampal expression. For the ChAT(IRES)-Cre line, transgenic mice exhibited deficits in baseline locomotor, nicotine-mediated hypolocomotion, and operant food training compared with wild-type and hemizygous littermates. No differences among ChAT(IRES)-Cre wild-type, hemizygous, and transgenic littermates were found in anxiety measures, drug-induced cataplexy, and nicotine self-administration. Given that increased cre expression was present in the ChAT(IRES)-Cre transgenic mice, as well as a decrease in ChAT expression in the hippocampus, altered neuronal function may underlie behavioral phenotypes. In contrast, ChAT(IRES)-Cre hemizygous mice were more similar to wild-type mice in both protein expression and the majority of behavioral assessments. As such, interpretation of data derived from ChAT-Cre rodents must consider potential limitations dependent on the line and/or genotype used in research investigations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAltered baseline and/or nicotine-mediated behavioral profiles were discovered in transgenic mice from the ChAT(BAC)-Cre and ChAT(IRES)-Cre lines. Given that these cre-expressing mice have become increasingly used by the scientific community, either independently with chemicogenetic and optogenetic viral vectors or crossed with other transgenic lines, the current studies highlight important considerations for the interpretation of data from previous and future experimental investigations. Moreover, the current findings detail the behavioral effects of either increased or decreased baseline cholinergic signaling mechanisms on locomotor, anxiety, learning/memory, and intravenous nicotine self-administration behaviors.
The Employment Status of Magistrates in South Africa and the Concept of Judicial Independence
Authors: Diedericks Leana 
Published: January 2018

Protection in terms of labour law is primarily only available to persons with status as employees. In South Africa the courts have over the years developed different tests to establish who is an employee and therefore entitled to protection afforded by labour law. These tests have been incorporated into legislation. The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 provides for a definition and presumption of who is an employee. The Act further excludes certain categories of persons from its application and ambit. Although magistrates have not expressly been excluded from the application of the Act, it has been held that they are not employees, because such a categorisation would infringe upon the principle of judicial independence as guaranteed by the Constitution of the Repubblic of South Africa, 1996.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether magistrates could be categorised as employees in terms of the traditional tests of employment and still be able to maintain judicial independence as required by the South African Constitution.
Clinicohistopathological study of astrocytomas along with Ki-67 proliferative index
Authors: Das Basumitra , Raj Kurimella Vamsya , Atla Bhagyalakshmi 
Published: January 2018

Background: Astrocytomas form the largest group of gliomas (>75%) and diffusely infiltrating accounting for more than 60% of all the primary brain tumors. The ki67 proliferative index is a potent biologic marker that estimates the growth of neoplasms quantitatively and thus will aid in identifying the prognosis for patients with neoplasms. The aim of the research work was to study various histopathological and clinical features of Astrocytomas in detail, to evaluate Ki-67 proliferative index in patients of Astrocytomas and to compare the results of Immunohistochemistry with histological grade of Astrocytomas.Methods: A total number of 40 cases of Astrocytomas were included in the study. Ki-67 immunostaining was done on all cases and compared with WHO histological grading of astrocytomas.Results: The mean Ki‑67 LI in Grade I astrocytomas was 4.66, range 4-5 , in Grade II astrocytomas mean was 8.07, range 5-12 ,in Grade III astrocytomas mean was 13.5 , range 8-20, in Grade IV astrocytomas mean was 22.93, range 15-50. There was a highly significant correlation between the histopathological grade of astrocytomas and Ki-67 LI (p<0.05).Conclusions: The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 has proven its prognostic and diagnostic power in astrocytic tumors. Ki-67 LI is the simplest and the most reliable method for evaluating cell proliferation. Ki-67 LI increased with histological grade and the difference between low grade (I and II astrocytomas) and high grade (grade III and IV) is significant. In the present study Ki-67 LI is not dependent on factors like age and sex and is solely dependent on histological grade.
O GÊNERO MULTIMODAL CHARGE E SUA ARTICULAÇÃO COM O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: PROPOSIÇÕES DIDÁTICAS
Authors: Simões Alex Caldas , Gomes Maria Carmen Aires 
Published: January 2018

Em nossa exposição, apresentaremos a teoria sistêmico-funcional proposta por Hasan (1989) como forma de instrumentalizar os professores de língua portuguesa para o trabalho com os gêneros multimodais em sala de aula. A partir de Simões (2010) apresentaremos a configuração do gênero charge – depreendidas da análise de um corpus de 20 exemplares de charges de autoria de Júlio Erthal, contidas no livro Fatores de Risco (1998) – e como este pode ser trabalhado em aulas de língua materna. Ao apresentarmos aos alunos a Estrutura Potencial do Gênero (EPG) e indicamos ao professor o que ensinar do gênero quando trabalhar com a charge (seus estágios obrigatórios) e como instrumentalizar esse gênero no ensino de língua materna (evidenciando a sua configuração na EPG). Tendo em vista esta assertiva teórica, construímos nossas proposições didáticas para o ensino de língua portuguesa com o gênero charge. Nossa proposição didática consiste na apresentação de conceitos-chave da teoria de gêneros para os alunos; na pesquisa orientada sobre o gênero, por meio de um roteiro de perguntas direcionado; na exposição simplificada da Estrutura Potencial do Gênero (EPG); e na resolução de exercícios que fixem o ntendimento dos estágios obrigatórios do gênero.
ANÁLISE REPRESENTACIONAL DO CONTO "O PATINHO FEIO"
Authors: Santos Jussara Gabriel 
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo intitulado “Análise Representacional do conto O Patinho Feio” é parte integrante do Projeto de Iniciação Científica da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Nessa proposta de artigo pretende-se expor o resultado da análise do significado representacional realizada com o conto “O Patinho Feio” de Christian Andersen (1843) adaptações de ROCHA (1999); FRANÇA & FRANÇA (s.n.t.); MORAND (s.n.t.); COLEÇÃO HORAS FELIZ (s.n.t.) , a luz teórica e metodológica de (CHOULIARAKI; FAIRCLOUGH, 1999; FAIRCLOUGH 2001, 2003; RESENDE; RAMALHO 2006) que compreende o discurso como parte de práticas sociais que possui modos de agir (significado acional), modos de representar (significado representacional) e modos de ser (significado ideacional). A análise de discurso crítica procura resgatar as ideologias subjacentes ao texto que, por sua vez, desempenham papel decisivo na reprodução e resistência dos sujeitos. Palavras Chaves: Análise do Discurso Crítica, Conto O Patinho Feio, Educação, Significado Representacional