bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of charged and polar amino acids for functionality of membrane toxin TisB
Authors: Leinberger Florian H. , Berghoff Bork A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBacterial dormancy is marked by reduced cellular activity and the suspension of growth. It represents a valuable strategy to survive stressful conditions, as exemplified by the long-term tolerance towards antibiotics that is attributable to a fraction of dormant cells, so-called persisters. Here, we investigate the membrane toxin TisB (29 amino acids) from the chromosomal toxin-antitoxin system tisB/istR-1 in Escherichia coli. TisB depolarizes the inner membrane in response to DNA damage, which eventually promotes a stress-tolerant state of dormancy within a small fraction of the population. Using a plasmid-based system for moderate tisB expression and single amino acid substitutions, we dissect the importance of charged and polar amino acids. We observe that the central amino acids lysine 12 and glutamine 19 are of major importance for TisB functionality, which is further validated for lysine 12 in the native context upon treatment with the DNA-damaging antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Finally, we apply a library-based approach to test additional TisB variants in higher throughput, revealing that at least one positive charge at the C-terminus (either lysine 26 or 29) is mandatory for TisB-mediated dormancy. Our study provides insights into the molecular basis for TisB functionality and extends our understanding of bacterial membrane toxins.
Development of maxillary sinuses in relation to the development of cranium in children on computed tomography imaging
Authors: Kiciński Przemysław , Podgórski Michał , Małachowska Beata , Grzelak Piotr , Polguj Michał 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are available studies assessing the development of maxillary sinuses in relation to the viscerocranium. However, there are no publications analyzing the development of maxillary sinuses in relation to the development of the cranium, i.e. both the viscerocranium and the neurocranium. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between the dimensions of maxillary sinuses and anthropometric measurements of the cranium in children. The study was retrospective and was conducted at the based on the results of head computed tomography investigation. The study group included 180 girls and 180 boys, aged from birth to 18 years. To assess the correlation between the degree of development of the paranasal sinuses and the growth of the cranium, standard anthropometric points on the skull and strictly defined dimensions of the height, length, width, and volume of right and left maxillary sinuses were used. In the study group, both in girls and boys, a statistically significant positive correlation was found at the significance level of p < 0.0001 between: the height, length, width and volume of right and left maxillary sinuses, and cranial maximum length (glabella-opisthocranion), its maximum width (euryon-euryon), height (basion-bregma) and the length of the cranial base (basion-nasion) and the dimension of the subspinale-opisthocranion in children. Our study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between the development of maxillary sinuses and the growth of the cranium in children.
Enhanced Pacific Northwest heat extremes and wildfire risks induced by the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation
Authors: Lubis Sandro W. , Chen Ziming , Lu Jian , Hagos Samson , Chang Chuan-Chieh , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe occurrence of extreme hot and dry summer conditions in the Pacific Northwest region of North America (PNW) has been known to be influenced by climate modes of variability such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and other variations in tropospheric circulation such as stationary waves and blocking. However, the extent to which the subseasonal remote tropical driver influences summer heat extremes and fire weather conditions across the PNW remains elusive. Our investigation reveals that the occurrence of heat extremes and associated fire-conducive weather conditions in the PNW is significantly heightened during the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) phases 6-7, by ~50–120% relative to the seasonal probability. The promotion of these heat extremes is primarily attributed to the enhanced diabatic heating over the tropical central-to-eastern North Pacific, which generates a wave train traveling downstream toward North America, resulting in a prominent high-pressure system over the PNW. The ridge, subsequently, promotes surface warming over the region primarily through increased surface radiative heating and enhanced adiabatic warming. The results suggest a potential pathway to improving subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions of heatwaves and wildfire risks in the PNW by improving the representation of BSISO heating over the tropical-to-eastern North Pacific.
Terahertz image denoising via multiscale hybrid‐convolution residual network
Authors: Wu Heng , Guo Zijie , He Chunhua , Luo Shaojuan , Song Bofang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTerahertz imaging technology has great potential applications in areas, such as remote sensing, navigation, security checks, and so on. However, terahertz images usually have the problems of heavy noises and low resolution. Previous terahertz image denoising methods are mainly based on traditional image processing methods, which have limited denoising effects on the terahertz noise. Existing deep learning‐based image denoising methods are mostly used in natural images and easily cause a large amount of detail loss when denoising terahertz images. Here, a residual‐learning‐based multiscale hybrid‐convolution residual network (MHRNet) is proposed for terahertz image denoising, which can remove noises while preserving detail features in terahertz images. Specifically, a multiscale hybrid‐convolution residual block (MHRB) is designed to extract rich detail features and local prediction residual noise from terahertz images. Specifically, MHRB is a residual structure composed of a multiscale dilated convolution block, a bottleneck layer, and a multiscale convolution block. MHRNet uses the MHRB and global residual learning to achieve terahertz image denoising. Ablation studies are performed to validate the effectiveness of MHRB. A series of experiments are conducted on the public terahertz image datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that MHRNet has an excellent denoising effect on synthetic and real noisy terahertz images. Compared with existing methods, MHRNet achieves comprehensive competitive results.
An effective ensemble electricity theft detection algorithm for smart grid
Authors: Tsai Chun‐Wei , Lu Chi‐Tse , Li Chun‐Hua , Zhang Shuo‐Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeveral machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been presented to detect the criminal behaviours in a smart grid environment in recent studies because of many successful results. However, most learning algorithms for the electricity theft detection have their pros and cons; hence, a critical research issue nowadays has been how to develop an effective detection algorithm that leverages the strengths of different learning algorithms. To demonstrate the performance of such an integrated detection model, the algorithm proposed first builds on deep neural networks, a meta‐learner for determining the weights of detection models for the construction of an ensemble detection algorithm and then uses a promising metaheuristic algorithm named search economics to optimise the hyperparameters of the meta‐learner. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to find better results and outperforms all the other state‐of‐the‐art detection algorithms for electricity theft detection compared in terms of the accuracy, F1‐score, area under the curve of precision‐recall (AUC‐PR), and area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (AUC‐ROC). Since the results show that the meta‐learner of the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy of deep learning algorithms, the authors expect that it will be used in other deep learning‐based applications.
Ethical Dimensions of Clinical Data Sharing by U.S. Health Care Organizations for Purposes beyond Direct Patient Care: Interviews with Health Care Leaders
Authors: Jackson Brian R. , Kaplan Bonnie , Schreiber Richard , DeMuro Paul R. , Nichols-Johnson Victoria , Ozeran Larry , Solomonides Anthony , Koppel Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to (1) empirically investigate current practices and analyze ethical dimensions of clinical data sharing by health care organizations for uses other than treatment, payment, and operations; and (2) make recommendations to inform research and policy for health care organizations to protect patients' privacy and autonomy when sharing data with unrelated third parties.
Methods Semistructured interviews and surveys involving 24 informatics leaders from 22 U.S. health care organizations, accompanied by thematic and ethical analyses.
Results We found considerable heterogeneity across organizations in policies and practices. Respondents understood “data sharing” and “research” in very different ways. Their interpretations of these terms ranged from making data available for academic and public health uses, and to health information exchanges; to selling data for corporate research; and to contracting with aggregators for future resale or use. The nine interview themes were that health care organizations: (1) share clinical data with many types of organizations, (2) have a variety of motivations for sharing data, (3) do not make data-sharing policies readily available, (4) have widely varying data-sharing approval processes, (5) most commonly rely on Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) de-identification to protect privacy, (6) were concerned about clinical data use by electronic health record vendors, (7) lacked data-sharing transparency to the general public, (8) allowed individual patients little control over sharing of their data, and (9) had not yet changed data-sharing practices within the year following the U.S. Supreme Court 2022 decision denying rights to abortion.
Conclusion Our analysis identified gaps between ethical principles and health care organizations' data-sharing policies and practices. To better align clinical data-sharing practices with patient expectations and biomedical ethical principles, we recommend updating HIPAA, including re-identification and upstream sharing restrictions in data-sharing contracts, better coordination across data-sharing approval processes, fuller transparency and opt-out options for patients, and accountability for data-sharing and consequent harms.
Predicting Progressive Hemorrhagic Injury Following Traumatic Brain Injury by the Evaluation of D-Dimer/Fibrinogen Ratio
Authors: Patidar Akshay , Chaudhary Anurag , Sharma Vinod , Gupta Ashok 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly depends on the incidence of progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI). The present study was conducted to assess whether D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio can predict PHI among the patients with TBI.
Materials and Methods A total of 150 patients were included in this retrospective study; among them 72 had PHI and 78 did not have PHI. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory parameters including plasma D-dimer and plasma fibrinogen levels and subsequently D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio were evaluated. Independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.
Results Age, injury time, first computed tomography time, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, unreactive pupils, abnormal cisterns, midline shift above 5 mm, skull base fracture, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebral hematoma, brain contusion, plasma D-dimer concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration, and D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio vary significantly between PHI and non-PHI groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale score (odds ratio [OR], 0.531; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.436–0.648; p = 0.004) and D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio (OR, 3.784; 95% CI, 2.086–6.867; p = 0.027) were the two independent predictors for PHI.
Conclusion D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio is a useful parameter in predicting the incidence of PHI among the patients with TBI.
Cost-Effective, Patient-Centric, and Innovative Repurposing of a Broken Lingual Arch Space Maintainer: A Case Report
Authors: Saha Swagata , Ajgaonkar Siddhesh , Kamath Namitha P. , Raman Nair Manju , Shetty Amarshree A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction Premature loss of primary teeth due to caries or trauma can cause space discrepancies leading to malocclusion and other dental issues. Space maintainers are essential for preserving the arch space until the eruption of the permanent teeth. This case report presents an innovative modification of an existing space maintainer to address clinical challenges, improve patient outcomes, and reduce costs.
Case Report An 8-year-old female presented with a broken lingual arch space maintainer impinging on the lingual mucosa. Clinical examination revealed nonrestorable teeth 84 and 75 that required extraction. Radiographs showed tooth 34 erupting soon and tooth 45 delayed. Owing to financial constraints, the existing appliance was modified by lingually cutting and adapting the wire to the distal surface of the canine. The appliance was cemented using Type I Glass Ionomer Cement in a single visit. After 6 months, tooth 35 erupted normally, without impaction.
Conclusion This case demonstrates the effectiveness of modifying existing space maintainers to provide cost-effective patient-centric solutions in pediatric dentistry.
Arthroscopic Suture Anchor Scapholunate Capsulodesis
Authors: Chung Sze Ryn , Carratalá Vicente , Delgado Pedro J. , Kalapos Robert , Kakar Sanjeev 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background: A retrospective review was performed of 15 adult patients who underwent arthroscopic suture anchor scapholunate capsuloligamentous repair between 2021 and 2023.
Patient/Methods/Results: There were 12 male and 3 female patients, with a mean age of 44.9 years. Eight patients had European Wrist Arthroscopy Society (EWAS) II (Geissler II), four patients had EWAS IIIC (Geissler III), and three patients had EWAS IV (Geissler IV). After a follow-up of 12 months (12–26), the mean grip strength significantly improved by 131% compared with presurgery. There was a significant improvement in the visual analog scale score from 6 to 1.2, the Mayo Wrist Score from 43.5 to 86.5, and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score from 65.9 to 6.5. Two EWAS IV patients had recurrent symptomatic scapholunate diastasis requiring scapholunate ligamentoplasty.
Conclusion: The arthroscopic dorsal scapholunate capsuloligamentous repair with suture anchors is a reliable and safe technique with minimal complications. It is recommended for reducible acute or chronic injury to the scapholunate ligament complex with suspected avulsion injury.
Level Of Evidence: Level IV
Spontaneous Rupture of Prenatally Detected Thoracic Neurenteric Cyst: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Paradkar Priyanka Vishvanath , Redishetty Saritha , Vavilala Suseela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNeurenteric cysts are usually associated with vertebral anomalies of the same segments of vertebrae. Rarely, they can be detected antenatally. The prognosis depends upon the size and site of the lesion. In cases of small cysts with minimal mass effect, the prognosis is good. Larger cysts, however, can cause hydrops fetalis and, if untreated, can lead to intrauterine fetal demise. The present case report describes the successful conservative management of the neurenteric cyst detected prenatally and is accompanied by a summary from literature.
Case Report and Literature Review: A Severe Case of Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lee Wei Lun , Alias Azmi , Lim Mei Sin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBlast-related traumatic brain injuries (bTBIs), once considered the signature wound of wars, have increasingly affected civilian populations due to the rise in terrorist attacks and industrial accidents. These injuries are complex, resulting from a combination of primary blast effects, secondary projectiles, tertiary impacts, and quaternary injuries from burns and toxic gas inhalation. Understanding the clinical presentation, management strategies, and outcomes of bTBIs is essential for enhancing patient care and improving prognosis. We report a case of industrial-related severe bTBI with opened depressed skull fracture and intracranial hematoma. The patient underwent decompressive craniectomy and evacuation of clot but postoperatively had a stormy recovery and multiple complications. He eventually succumbed due to his complications. This underscores the complexity of bTBIs and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of bTBIs. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and rehabilitation strategies for individuals with bTBIs.
Development of a compact magnetic spectrometer for use at the OMEGA Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Pearcy J. A. , Russell L. , Kabadi N. V. , Johnson T. M. , Adrian P. A. , Gatu-Johnson M. , Casco E. , Palmisano K. , Gates G. , Burgett T. , Scott M. , Petrasso R. D. , Li C. K. , Frenje J. 
Published: October 2024

Measurement of proton spectra is an important diagnostic for a variety of high energy density physics experiments. Current diagnostics are either not designed to capture the spectrum of low-energy protons or are unsuitable for high debris experiments. To bridge the gap, a new CR-39 based compact magnetic spectrometer (MagSpec) has been developed to measure proton spectra in the 1–20 MeV energy range, with a particular focus on the low-energy (1–6 MeV) spectrum, for use in experiments at the OMEGA Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In the MagSpec diagnostic, protons of different energies are dispersed as they pass through a magnetic field before impinging on a differentially filtered CR-39 surface, resulting in a spatial distribution of CR-39 tracks that corresponds to the energy spectrum. In this paper, we discuss details of the design and implementation of MagSpec on the NIF and OMEGA.
Band alignment of CoO(100)–water and CoO(111)–water interfaces accelerated by machine learning potentials
Authors: Hu Jin-Yuan , Zhuang Yong-Bin , Cheng Jun 
Published: October 2024

Cobalt monoxide (CoO) nanomaterials have drawn attention for their remarkable photocatalytic water splitting without an externally applied potential or co-catalyst. The success of overall water splitting is due to the appropriate band edge positions of the catalyst, which span the redox potentials of water splitting. Typically, CoO nanomaterials possess complex morphologies, which consist of multiple active surfaces. As a result, the precise roles of the surfaces in the overall water-splitting process remain to be elucidated. In this work, we have undertaken a thorough investigation into the band alignments at the CoO(100)–water and CoO(111)–water interfaces using ab initio molecular dynamics and machine learning accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. The results of band alignment reveal that CoO(100) supports both the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction, whereas CoO(111) only facilitates the HER. Moreover, the variance in band positions between CoO(100) and CoO(111) results in an intrinsic potential difference, facilitating the migration of electrons toward CoO(100), while holes accumulate on CoO(111). The separation of photoexcited carriers effectively promotes water splitting in CoO.
Garbage day as dispositive and semiotic landscape
Authors: Pellanda Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For many, garbage day functions as a mundane performance of civic and even national selfhood; yet garbage days are
also practices with complex spatial and semiotic entanglements. To demonstrate this, I present a visual essay which draws on an
ethnographically informed study of garbage day in five Swiss cities. At the intersection of semiotic landscape studies and
dispositive analysis, these banal practices constitute biopolitical forms of governance and control. In this setting, waste
reveals itself as a language-material formation; this interplay of words — both visible and invisible — and things is central to
the distinct meanings and practices of wasting. Rather than approaching garbage bags as passive receptacles or neutral
technologies, therefore, they are best understood as performative regimes by which waste is displaced, public space is ordered,
and particular subjectivities are produced.
Streamer inception probability in air at atmospheric pressure – an experimental and theoretical analysis
Authors: Skirbekk Fanny , Meyer Hans Kristian Hygen , Mauseth Frank , Marskar Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider a self-consistent and probabilistic formulation of the classical Raether–Meek streamer inception model, and compare it with dedicated experiments. Our approach is based on the statistical evaluation of a first critical electron. This is done by evaluating the Raether–Meek integral for arbitrary starting positions of the first electron, and evaluating the size of the region in which the electrons can transition into a streamer. Then, using an ensemble-averaged model for the negative ion distribution which acts as a source of initial electrons, we compute the time-dependent probability of streamer inception. Unlike the standard Meek-based inception model, the experiments show that the generalized formulation is valid for both voltage polarities, but in return it requires knowledge about the initial ion distribution and electron detachment rate.
Ultra-broadband underwater meta-absorber with gradient impedance-matched composite material
Authors: Gan Zeliang , Mo Youyu , Fan Haiyan , Zhu Yifan , Zhang Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We have developed an underwater acoustic meta-absorber that exhibits ultra-broadband absorption, with most of absorption coefficients exceeding 0.9 across the frequency range of 1 kHz−20 kHz. This performance is achieved through the localized trapping of acoustic waves and efficient energy dissipation, facilitated by local resonances within meticulously designed, impedance-matched composite materials. The designed gradient structure of the absorber allows for a reduced width of 84 mm (0.05λ at 1 kHz) and a customizable length, determined by the number of unit cells, each with a length of 15 mm (0.01λ at 1 kHz). This different design approach yields an ultra-broadband meta-absorber of compact dimensions, offering a promising alternative for the development of underwater absorption metamaterials and their practical applications.