bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable Silica‐Supported Proline Sulphonamide Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Ferré Meritxell , Cattoën Xavier , Wong Chi Man Michel , Pleixats Roser 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe describe the preparation of several organosilicas based on proline sulphonamide scaffolds from two chiral monosilylated precursors following sol‐gel and grafting procedures. The materials were characterised by using 29Si solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, N2 sorption measurements, powder X‐ray diffractogram (p‐XRD) and elemental analysis. The catalytic performances and reusability of these hybrid silica materials have been evaluated in direct intermolecular asymmetric aldol reactions between ketones and aromatic aldehydes and in a Robinson annulation using simple and green conditions (water, room temperature). Good conversions and recyclability, and from moderate to good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities have been achieved. The characteristics of the matrix, and structural features such as the nature and length of the linker, and the derivatisation site on the catalytic organic moiety have an influence on the activity and selectivity of the silica‐supported organocatalysts.
Unusual Two–step Switchable Dielectric Behaviors and FerroelasticPhase Transition in a Simple 18‐Crown‐6 Clathrate
Authors: Tang Yun‐Zhi , Gu Zhi‐Feng , Yang Chang‐Shan , Wang Bin , Tan Yu‐Hui , Wen He‐Rui 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe molecular multi‐sequential phase transition accompanying with perfect switchable dielectric behaviors and ferroelastic properties are seldom reported. Here we investigated unusual two‐step reversible structural phase transitions which consist of a ferroelastic phase transition and a special structural phase transition without symmetry breaking in a simple clathrate of 18‐Crown‐6 phosphofluoric acid monohydrate, (1). The further molecular dynamic by variable temperature X‐ray Single crystal diffraction and Powder X‐ray diffractions were disclosed that it was driven by two distinct rotation motions namely compass‐like rotation and windlass‐like rotation. Two pairs of distinct reversible step‐like dielectric anomalies with electrical tristabilities among high, middle and low dielectric states at 278/281 K and 292/296 K in heating/cooling runs suggest that it can be a potential switchable dielectric molecular material within a narrow temperaturespan (15 K). The DSC curves show analogous heat anomalies at the same temperatures and further confirm the reversible phase transition behaviors.
Let them go? How losing employees to competitors can enhance firm status
Authors: Tan David , Rider Christopher I. 
Published: December 2016

Research summary: Because employees can provide a firm with human capital advantages over competitors, firms invest considerably in employee recruiting and retention. Departing from the retention imperative of strategic human capital management, we propose that certain employee departures can enhance a firm's competitiveness in the labor market. Specifically, increased rates of career‐advancing departures by a firm's employees can signal to potential future employees that the firm offers a prestigious employment experience that enhances external mobility opportunities. Characterizing advancement based on subsequent employers and positions, we analyze data onU.S.law firm hiring and industry surveys of perceived firm status between 2004 and 2013. We find that increased rates of employee departures lead to increases in a firm's prestige when these departures are for promotions with high‐status competitors.Managerial summary: Firms often emphasize employee retention. Employee departures, especially as a result of being hired away by competitors, are often viewed as threats to a firm's competitive advantage. We propose, however, that employee retention need not be an unconditional strategic imperative. We argue that certain employee departures can enhance a firm's competitiveness in the market for human capital by signaling to potential employees that the firm offers a prestigious employment experience, which can help them obtain attractive positions with other employers. Analyzing data onU.S.law firm hiring and industry surveys of firm associates between 2004 and 2013, we find that increased rates of employee departures lead to increases in a firm's prestige when these departures are for promotions with high‐status competitors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of surgically removed adnexal lesions with largest diameter ≤ 2.5 cm: a pictorial essay
Authors: Di Legge A. , Pollastri P. , Mancari R. , Ludovisi M. , Mascilini F. , Franchi D. , Jurkovic D. , Coccia M. E. , Timmerman D. , Scambia G. , Testa A. , Valentin L. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the ultrasound characteristics, indications for surgery and histological diagnoses of surgically removed adnexal masses with a largest diameter of ≤ 2.5 cm (very small tumors), to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of malignancy by subjective assessment of ultrasound images of very small tumors and to present a collection of ultrasound images of surgically removed very small tumors, with emphasis on those causing diagnostic difficulty.MethodsInformation on surgically removed adnexal tumors with a largest diameter of ≤ 2.5 cm was retrieved from the ultrasound databases of seven participating centers. The ultrasound images were described using the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis terminology. The original diagnosis, based on subjective assessment of the ultrasound images by the ultrasound examiner, was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of malignancy.ResultsOf the 129 identified adnexal masses with largest diameter ≤ 2.5 cm, 104 (81%) were benign, 15 (12%) borderline malignant and 10 (8%) invasive tumors. The main indication for performing surgery was suspicion of malignancy in 22% (23/104) of the benign tumors and in all 25 malignant tumors. None of the malignant tumors was a unilocular cyst (vs 50% of the benign tumors), all malignancies contained solid components (vs 43% of the benign tumors), 80% of the borderline tumors had papillary projections (vs 21% of the benign tumors and 20% of the invasive malignancies) and all invasive tumors and 80% of the borderline tumors were vascularized on color/power Doppler examination (vs 44% of the benign tumors). The ovarian crescent sign was present in 85% of the benign tumors, 80% of the borderline tumors and 50% of the invasive malignancies. The sensitivity of diagnosis of malignancy by subjective assessment of ultrasound images was 100% (25/25) and the specificity was 86% (89/104). Excluding unilocular cysts, the specificity was 71% (37/52). Analysis of images illustrated the difficulty in distinguishing benign from borderline very small cysts with papillations and benign from malignant very small well vascularized (color score 3 or 4) solid adnexal tumors.ConclusionsVery small malignant tumors manifest generally accepted ultrasound signs of malignancy. Small unilocular cysts are usually benign, while small non‐unilocular masses, particularly ones with solid components, incur a risk of malignancy and pose a clinical dilemma. © 2016 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Caching algorithms for broadcasting and multicasting in disruption tolerant networks
Authors: Tian Feng , Liu Bo , Zhou Haibo , Rui Yun , Chen Jiacheng , Xiong Jian , Gui Lin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn delay and disruption tolerant networks, the contacts among nodes are intermittent. Because of the importance of data access, providing efficient data access is the ultimate aim of analyzing and exploiting disruption tolerant networks. Caching is widely proved to be able to improve data access performance. In this paper, we consider caching schemes for broadcasting and multicasting to improve the performance of data access. First, we propose a caching algorithm for broadcasting, which selects the community central nodes as relays from both network structure perspective and social network perspective. Then, we accommodate the caching algorithm for multicasting by considering the data query pattern. Extensive trace‐driven simulations are conducted to investigate the essential difference between the caching algorithms for broadcasting and multicasting and evaluate the performance of these algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delivery of therapeutics with nanoparticles: what's new in cancer immunotherapy?
Authors: Fontana Flavia , Liu Dongfei , Hirvonen Jouni , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: December 2016

The application of nanotechnology to the treatment of cancer or other diseases has been boosted during the last decades due to the possibility to precise deliver drugs where needed, enabling a decrease in the drug's side effects. Nanocarriers are particularly valuable for potentiating the simultaneous co‐delivery of multiple drugs in the same particle for the treatment of heavily burdening diseases like cancer. Immunotherapy represents a new concept in the treatment of cancer and has shown outstanding results in patients treated with check‐point inhibitors. Thereby, researchers are applying nanotechnology to cancer immunotherapy toward the development of nanocarriers for delivery of cancer vaccines and chemo‐immunotherapies. Cancer nanovaccines can be envisioned as nanocarriers co‐delivering antigens and adjuvants, molecules often presenting different physicochemical properties, in cancer therapy. A wide range of nanocarriers (e.g., polymeric, lipid‐based and inorganic) allow the co‐formulation of these molecules, or the delivery of chemo‐ and immune‐therapeutics in the same system. Finally, there is a trend toward the use of biologically inspired and derived nanocarriers. In this review, we present the recent developments in the field of immunotherapy, describing the different systems proposed by categories: polymeric nanoparticles, lipid‐based nanosystems, metallic and inorganic nanosystems and, finally, biologically inspired and derived nanovaccines. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1421. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1421This article is categorized under:

Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Hydrocarbon Source Potential of the Proterozoic Sirban Limestone Formation, NW Himalaya, Jammu
Authors: Hakhoo Naveen , Thusu Bindra , Mani Devleena , Bhat Ghulam M. , Craig Jonathan , Thurow Juergen , Hafiz Mateen , Kanungo Sudeep , Koul Sumita , Ahmed Waquar 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
The Proterozoic Sirban Limestone Formation (SLFm) crops out as detached allochthons in the northwest Himalaya (Jammu region, India) and has its coeval equivalents laterally disposed in the west in Salt Range, in the north-west in Abbotabad (Pakistan) and in southeast in Himachal Pradesh (India). The oil and gas occurrences have been reported from the Proterozoic successions globally and the hydrocarbon potential of the SLFm cannot be ruled out.
The interbedded shales and algal laminated dolostones within the SLFm have yielded microflora comparable to those reported in the North African Neoproterozoic sandstones and the Late Proterozoic carbonates of the giant oil and gas fields of the Siberian Platform. The SLFm contains a rich and diverse biota comprising ~ 10% of the rock volume in thin section. The rich organic assemblage justified a hydrocarbon source potential analysis of the SLFm, tested in this study by Rock Eval (RE) pyrolysis.
RE pyrolysis yielded a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 0.02 to 1 wt. % with very low Hydrogen Index (HI) values for the shales and TOC content averaging 0.02 wt. % for the dolostones. The organically lean shales and dolostones exhibit Tmax values indicative of immature to post mature stage. But, since these values are for the samples with complex thermal and tectonic history the results may be unreliable. The highly altered organic matter and kerogen present in the SLFm had the potential to generate hydrocarbons and presently indicates no significant source potential. This study is important for understanding the hydrocarbon occurrences in the SLFm particularly in light of the recent oil and gas discoveries from the coeval Proterozoic successions.
Global and local aspects of entrainment in temporal plumes
Authors: Krug Dominik , Chung Daniel , Philip Jimmy , Marusic Ivan 
Published: December 2016

To date, the understanding of the role buoyancy plays in the entrainment process in unstable configurations such as turbulent plumes remains incomplete. Towards addressing this question, we set up a flow in which a plume evolves in time instead of space. We demonstrate that the temporal problem is equivalent to a spatial plume in a strong coflow and address in detail how the temporal plume can be realized via direct numerical simulation. Using numerical data of plume simulations up to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\approx 100$, we show that the entrainment coefficient can be determined consistently using a global entrainment analysis in an integral framework as well as via a local approach. The latter is based on a study of the local propagation of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface relative to the fluid. Locally, this process is dominated by small-scale diffusion which is amplified by interface convolutions such that the total entrained flux is independent of viscosity. Further, we identify a direct buoyancy contribution to entrainment by baroclinic torque, which accounts for 8 %–12 % of the entrained flux locally, comparable to the 15 % buoyancy contribution at the integral level. It appears that the baroclinic torque is a mechanism that might explain higher values of the entrainment coefficient in spatial plumes compared with jets.
A lowermost Ordovician tabulate-like coralomorph from the Precordillera of western Argentina: a main component of a reef-framework consortium
Authors: Carrera Marcelo G. , Astini Ricardo A. , Gomez Fernando J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough putative corals of uncertain affinities occur in the early Cambrian, the earliest definite tabulate corals have not been described prior to the Early Ordovician in North America. This paper reports a new finding of a tabulate-like coralomorph forming part of biostratigraphically well-constrained reef mounds in the latest Cambrian–Early Ordovician La Silla Formation in the Argentine Precordillera. The oldest record of the coralomorph genus Amsassia is reported and a new species, A. argentina, is erected. The discovery of this genus in the lowermost Ordovician modifies the previously proposed paleogeographic distribution and patterns of origination and migration routes of this coral-like organism. Amsassia argentina n. sp. constitutes a main framework builder together with a complex microbial consortium. This oldest occurrence of Amsassia as a reef builder represents a new record of a skeletal organism in the gap of metazoan reef constructors after the demise of archaeocyaths in the late early Cambrian.
UNLIKELY BEDFELLOWS: THE EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Brighton Claire 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPoverty and environmental degradation are two of the gravest issues facing the planet today. The most obvious means of addressing each issue, however, appears ostensibly to undermine the other. While environmental and development strategies are largely associated with the concept of sustainable development that emerged in the 1990s, the debate between these two interests dates back to the 1940s. This article seeks to fill an apparent gap in environmental scholarship by presenting a history of the environmental protection/development relationship. It will argue that, rather than being the product of an organic development process, the concept of sustainable development and the principles underlying it were consciously shaped by a number of international actors with vested interests in their trajectory. Understanding why and how this was permitted is important not only for its capacity to throw light on the past, but also for its ability to assist in understanding and predicting the future.
Leading the Way: The United Kingdom's financial and trade relations with Socialist China, 1949–1966
Authors: PERUZZI ROBERTO 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article aims to deepen scholarly understanding of the special political and economic connection between Britain and Socialist China during the 1950s and the 1960s. After 1949, the British government had substantive reasons to preserve a link with Beijing, despite the unfolding of the Cold War. First, British assets in China were numerous. Second, the Crown colony of Hong Kong was an indispensable strategic enclave, although militarily indefensible. Third, the Foreign Office considered that Asia should represent an exception to unquestioned British loyalty to the Atlantic alliance, since the United Kingdom needed to prove that it was able to represent and preserve Commonwealth interests in the area. The article will point out that the United Kingdom maintained a privileged role as the main trading partner of the People's Republic of China (PRC) outside the Socialist bloc, thanks to the financial and commercial role played by Hong Kong. This is proved through an analysis of the fate of British financial institutions in China, which represented a favourable exception in the bleak scenario of the PRC nationalization process, as well as of the industrial development of the British colony, which was based on importing food and labour from the mainland, while serving as a financial hub in support of the PRC economy.
Reward-related neural activity and structure predict future substance use in dysregulated youth
Authors: Bertocci M. A. , Bebko G. , Versace A. , Iyengar S. , Bonar L. , Forbes E. E. , Almeida J. R. C. , Perlman S. B. , Schirda C. , Travis M. J. , Gill M. K. , Diwadkar V. A. , Sunshine J. L. , Holland S. K. , Kowatch R. A. , Birmaher B. , Axelson D. A. , Frazier T. W. , Arnold L. E. , Fristad M. A. , Youngstrom E. A. , Horwitz S. M. , Findling R. L. , Phillips M. L. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundIdentifying youth who may engage in future substance use could facilitate early identification of substance use disorder vulnerability. We aimed to identify biomarkers that predicted future substance use in psychiatrically un-well youth.MethodLASSO regression for variable selection was used to predict substance use 24.3 months after neuroimaging assessment in 73 behaviorally and emotionally dysregulated youth aged 13.9 (s.d.= 2.0) years, 30 female, from three clinical sites in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study. Predictor variables included neural activity during a reward task, cortical thickness, and clinical and demographic variables.ResultsFuture substance use was associated with higher left middle prefrontal cortex activity, lower left ventral anterior insula activity, thicker caudal anterior cingulate cortex, higher depression and lower mania scores, not using antipsychotic medication, more parental stress, older age. This combination of variables explained 60.4% of the variance in future substance use, and accurately classified 83.6%.ConclusionsThese variables explained a large proportion of the variance, were useful classifiers of future substance use, and showed the value of combining multiple domains to provide a comprehensive understanding of substance use development. This may be a step toward identifying neural measures that can identify future substance use disorder risk, and act as targets for therapeutic interventions.
‘Frail worms of the earth’: philosophical reflections on the meaning of life
Authors: HAMILTON CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany philosophers in the analytic tradition have recently sought to explore the question of the meaning of life. In the first part of this article I subject two important approaches from this tradition – those of John Cottingham and Susan Wolf – to criticism. I then suggest that Cottingham and Wolf articulate certain assumptions about the meaning of life that are widely shared amongst analytic philosophers. I go on to subject those assumptions to criticism and seek to develop an alternative approach to the question, one that is largely overlooked in the contemporary literature.
The view from the street: the landscape of polite shopping in Georgian York
Authors: JENKINS MATTHEW 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Shopping during the eighteenth century is increasingly viewed by scholars as an important leisure activity, and an integral part of wider schemes of urban improvement. However, the physical evidence in the form of standing buildings is rarely considered. This article will demonstrate how a detailed examination and reconstruction of the urban landscape of York can illuminate how these practices were performed. The use of building biographies also allows owners to be identified and linked with specific shop types and surviving fabric. This enables exploration of how the physical environment influenced perceptions of the streetscape and the experience of interior retail space.
Temporal stability and molecular persistence of the bone marrow plasma cell antibody repertoire
Authors: Wu Gabriel C. , Cheung Nai-Kong V. , Georgiou George , Marcotte Edward M. , Ippolito Gregory C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPlasma cells in human bone marrow (BM) are thought to be responsible for sustaining lifelong immunity, but its underlying basis is controversial. Here we use high-throughput sequence analysis of the same individual across 6.5 years to show that the BM plasma cell immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire is remarkably stable over time. We find a nearly static bias in individual and combinatorial gene usage across time. Analysis of a second donor corroborates these observations. We also report the persistence of numerous BM plasma cell clonotypes (∼2%) identifiable at all points assayed across 6.5 years, supporting a model of serological memory based upon intrinsic longevity of human plasma cells. Donors were adolescents who completely recovered from neuroblastoma prior to the start of this study. Our work will facilitate differentiation between healthy and diseased antibody repertoires, by serving as a point of comparison with future deep-sequencing studies involving immune intervention.
Coupled ATPase-adenylate kinase activity in ABC transporters
Authors: Kaur Hundeep , Lakatos-Karoly Andrea , Vogel Ramona , Nöll Anne , Tampé Robert , Glaubitz Clemens 
Published: December 2016

AbstractATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a superfamily of integral membrane proteins, catalyse the translocation of substrates across the cellular membrane by ATP hydrolysis. Here we demonstrate by nucleotide turnover and binding studies based on31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy that the ABC exporter and lipid A flippase MsbA can couple ATP hydrolysis to an adenylate kinase activity, where ADP is converted into AMP and ATP. Single-point mutations reveal that both ATPase and adenylate kinase mechanisms are associated with the same conserved motifs of the nucleotide-binding domain. Based on these results, we propose a model for the coupled ATPase-adenylate kinase mechanism, involving the canonical and an additional nucleotide-binding site. We extend these findings to other prokaryotic ABC exporters, namely LmrA and TmrAB, suggesting that the coupled activities are a general feature of ABC exporters.