bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JAK/STAT regulation of Aspergillus fumigatus corneal infections and IL-6/23-stimulated neutrophil, IL-17, elastase, and MMP9 activity
Authors: Taylor Patricia R , Roy Sanhita , Meszaros Evan C , Sun Yan , Howell Scott J , Malemud Charles J , Pearlman Eric 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
IL-6 and IL-23 (IL-6/23) induce IL-17A (IL-17) production by a subpopulation of murine and human neutrophils, resulting in autocrine IL-17 activation, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, and increased fungal killing. As IL-6 and IL-23 receptors trigger JAK1, −3/STAT3 and JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation, respectively, we examined the role of this pathway in a murine model of fungal keratitis and also examined neutrophil elastase and gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase 9) activity by IL-6/23-stimulated human neutrophils in vitro. We found that STAT3 phosphorylation of neutrophils in Aspergillus fumigatus-infected corne as was inhibited by the JAK/STAT inhibitor Ruxolitinib, resulting in impaired fungal killing and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity. In vitro, we showed that fungal killing by IL-6/23-stimulated human peripheral blood neutrophils was impaired by JAK/STAT inhibitors Ruxolitinib and Stattic, and by the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt inhibitor SR1001. This was also associated with decreased reactive oxygen species, IL-17A production, and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt translocation to the nucleus. We also demonstrate that IL-6/23-activated neutrophils exhibit increased elastase and gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase 9) activity, which is inhibited by Ruxolitinib and Stattic but not by SR1001. Taken together, these observations indicate that the regulation of activity of IL-17-producing neutrophils by JAK/STAT inhibitors impairs reactive oxygen species production and fungal killing activity but also blocks elastase and gelatinase activity that can cause tissue damage.
Unexpected deaths of children and young people in the UK
Authors: Stallard Paul , Maguire Michelle , Daddow Justin , Shepperd Rosie , Foster Mike , Berry Jill 
Published: April 2016

Aims and methodTo review the deaths of children and young people who took their own life. We conducted a retrospective analysis of serious incident reports from a National Health Service trust and reviews by the child death overview panels of the local safeguarding children boards.ResultsWe identified 23 deaths, with annual rates varying considerably between local authorities and over time. Over half of the children (n = 13, 56%) were not known to specialist child and adolescent mental health services, with 11 having no contact with any agency at the time of their death. Hanging was the most common method (n = 20, 87%) and of these, half (n =11, 55%) were low-level hangings.Clinical implicationsTraining is required to improve awareness, recognition and the assessment of children at risk of taking their own life. Specialist child mental health services should directly assess plans or attempts at hanging and offer advice about the seriousness of attempting this. National data (by age) on children and young people who take their own life should be routinely published to inform clinical and preventive services.
Workplace assessment in crisis? The way forward
Authors: O'Leary Denis , Al-Taiar Hasanan , Brown Nicholas , Bajorek Tomasz , Ghazirad Marjan , Shaddel Farshad 
Published: April 2016

SummaryA recent Royal College of Physicians' study on assessment raises serious questions for workplace assessment. To address these, a system is recommended that bridges the gap from competence to performance and integrates supervised learning events (SLEs) that are formative in purpose with summative assessment of performance by entrustable professional activities (EPAs).
BASH: badmouthing, attitudes and stigmatisation in healthcare as experienced by medical students
Authors: Ajaz Ali , David Rhodri , Brown Damien , Smuk Melanie , Korszun Ania 
Published: April 2016

Aims and methodWe used an online questionnaire to investigate medical students' perceptions of the apparent hierarchy between specialties, whether they have witnessed disparaging comments (‘badmouthing’ or ‘bashing’) against other specialists and whether this has had an effect on their career choice.ResultsIn total, 960 students from 13 medical schools completed the questionnaire; they ranked medical specialties according to the level of badmouthing and answered questions on their experience of specialty bashing. Psychiatry and general practice attracted the greatest number of negative comments, which were made by academic staff, doctors and students. Twenty-seven per cent of students had changed their career choice as a direct result of bashing and a further 25.5% stated they were more likely to change their specialty choice. Although 80.5% of students condemned badmouthing as unprofessional, 71.5% believed that it is a routine part of practising medicine.Clinical implicationsBashing of psychiatry represents another form of stigmatisation that needs to be challenged in medical schools. It not only has an impact on recruitment into the specialty, but also has the wider effect of stigmatising people with mental health disorders.
Remembering the Slave Rebellion of Coro: Historical Memory and Politics in Venezuela
Authors: Ruette-Orihuela Krisna , Soriano Cristina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article analyzes the construction and circulation of historical memories of the Coro slave rebellion in Venezuela between 1795 and 2014. We show how historical interpreters have inscribed divergent representations of this rebellion in documents, landscapes, historiographies, monuments, and music. In a political climate defined by ethnoracial and political tensions, colonial elites saw in the rebellion the republican ideology and racial violence of the Haitian Revolution. Fearing the persistence of social divisions and political resentment, nineteenth-century republican leaders all but effaced the rebellion from the nation’s historical memory. This episode was finally recovered by historians at the beginning of the twentieth century, and since the 1950s teachers, guerrilla members, and social activists have linked the rebellion to political discourses of ethnoracial struggle, cultural syncretism, bodily suffering, and social exclusion. Recently, communal organizations in the region have begun to connect it to contemporary anti-imperialist and socialist projects. We argue that historical memories have mobilized political identities at different times and imagined regional genealogies of struggle against imperialism and political oppression.
Women, Men, and the Legal Languages of Mining in the Colonial Andes
Authors: Bigelow Allison Margaret 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHistories of colonial Latin American mining have cemented the image of a scientifically backward society whose pursuit of easy wealth sacrificed the lives of indigenous and African miners in places like Potosí. By examining a mid-seventeenth-century mine dispute between an Andean woman and a Spanish man, this article suggests how legal archives can reveal indigenous women’s contributions to the history of colonial silver. It also provides an appendix with one hundred cases of indigenous, creole, and Spanish women miners, refiners, and managers in Alto Perú, 1559–1801, suggesting how women of different socioeconomic and technical backgrounds participated in the silver industry.
Impaired mechanical response of an EDMD mutation leads to motility phenotypes that are repaired by loss of prenylation
Authors: Zuela Noam , Zwerger Monika , Levin Tal , Medalia Ohad , Gruenbaum Yosef 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
There are roughly 14 distinct heritable autosomal dominant diseases associated with mutations in lamins A/C, including Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). The mechanical model proposes that the lamin mutations change the mechanical properties of muscle nuclei, leading to cell death and tissue deterioration. Here, we developed an experimental protocol that analyzes the effect of disease-linked lamin mutations on the response of nuclei to mechanical strain in living Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the EDMD mutation L535P disrupts the nuclear mechanical response specifically in muscle nuclei. Inhibiting lamin prenylation rescued the mechanical response of the EDMD nuclei, reversed the muscle phenotypes and led to normal motility. The LINC complex and emerin were also required to regulate the mechanical response of C. elegans nuclei. This study provides evidence to support the mechanical model and offers a potential future therapeutic approach towards curing EDMD.
Trends in US Hospital Stays for Listeriosis in Infants
Authors: Veesenmeyer Angela F. , Edmonson M. Bruce 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Although listeriosis is rare in infants, it is common for young infants with suspected serious bacterial infection to be treated empirically with agents selected, in part, for their activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Our objectives were to describe the recent epidemiology of hospital discharges for listeriosis among infants in the United States and to precisely estimate the incidence of listeriosis according to infant age and meningitis status.

METHODS:
We generated national estimates for listeriosis discharges in each of the 6 years for which samples were available in the Kids’ Inpatient Database during the period 1997–2012. We used random-effects models to pool descriptive information and population rates across study years.

RESULTS:
The cumulative number of US hospital discharges for listeriosis in infants was 344 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 290–397) over the 6 study years. The pooled annual incidence rate in infants (per 100 000 births) was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.01–1.80) after accounting for marked fluctuation in annual rates (range: 0.66–1.86; I2 = 79.3%). Discharges for listeriosis without meningitis were particularly rare after the first week of life. Our models predicted only 2.7 (95% CI: 1.1–4.2) and 1.8 (95% CI: 0.0–3.6) such discharges per year in infants admitted at ages 7 to 28 days and 29 to 364 days, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
From the perspective of providing coverage against listeriosis, the routine practice of including ampicillin in the empirical treatment of febrile infants should be reevaluated for those older than 1 week without clinical evidence of meningitis.
Rates of ICU Transfers After a Scheduled Night-Shift Interprofessional Huddle
Authors: Newman Ross E. , Bingler Michael A. , Bauer Paul N. , Lee Brian R. , Mann Keith J. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate a scheduled interprofessional huddle among pediatric residents, nursing staff, and cardiologists on the number of high-risk transfers to the ICU.

METHODS:
A daily, night-shift huddle intervention was initiated between the in-house pediatric residents and nursing staff covering the cardiology ward patients with the at-home attending cardiologist. Retrospective cohort chart review identified high-risk transfers from the inpatient floor to the ICU over a 24-month period (eg, inotropic support, intubation, and/or respiratory support within 1 hour of ICU transfer). Satisfaction with the intervention and the impact of the intervention on team-based communication and resident education was collected using a retrospective pre-post survey.

RESULTS:
Ninety-three patients were identified as unscheduled transfers from the ward team to the ICU. Overall, 21 preintervention transfers were considered high risk, whereas only 8 patients were considered high risk after the intervention (P = .004). During the night shift, high risk transfers decreased from 8 of 17 (47%) to 3 of 21 patients (14%) (P = .03). Interprofessional communication improved with 12 of 14 nurses and 24 of 25 residents reporting effective communication after the intervention (P &lt; .0001) compared with only 1 nurse and 15 residents reporting a positive experience before the intervention. Overall, all 3 provider groups stated an improved experience covering a high-risk cardiology patient population.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of an interprofessional huddle may contribute to decreasing high-risk transfers to the ICU. Initiating a daily huddle was well received and allowed for open lines of communication across all provider groups.
National Survey on the Impact of Viral Testing for the ED and Inpatient Management of Febrile Young Infants
Authors: Burstein Brett , Dubrovsky Alexander Sasha , Greene Andrew Walsh , Quach Caroline 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE:Well-appearing febrile infants with viral illnesses cannot be distinguished from those with occult life-threatening infections. Infants with respiratory viruses are less likely to have serious bacterial infections; however, current risk-stratification criteria predate widespread viral testing and there are limited data to safely inform physician management with this now common diagnostic tool. This study sought to explore the possible impact of respiratory virus testing on clinical decision-making for the management of febrile young infants &lt;6 weeks old.METHODS:A scenario-based survey was sent to emergency department (ED) and inpatient physicians at all 16 Canadian tertiary pediatric centers. Participants were asked questions regarding management decisions with and without results of respiratory virus testing.RESULTS:Response rate was 78% (n = 330; 190 ED, 140 inpatient). Detection of a respiratory virus reduced admission rates among 3-week-old (83% vs 95%, P &lt; .001) and 5-week-old infants (36% vs 52%, P &lt; .001). Similarly, empirical antibiotic treatment was decreased by detection of a respiratory virus for 3-week-old (65% vs 92%, P &lt; .001) and 5-week-old infants (25% vs 39%, P &lt; .001). Management of 5-week-old infants differed between ED and inpatient physicians, both in the presence and absence of a respiratory virus. There was no consensus among inpatient physicians regarding admission duration for well infants with a detectable respiratory virus and otherwise negative workup.CONCLUSIONS:Respiratory virus testing appears to influence clinical decision-making for febrile infants &lt;6 weeks, reducing both rates of admission and antimicrobial treatment. Important work is needed to better understand how to safely incorporate viral testing for the management of this vulnerable patient population.
Membrane Localization of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 in Tumor Cells May Predict Response to Adjuvant Gemcitabine in Resected Cholangiocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Brandi Giovanni , Deserti Marzia , Vasuri Francesco , Farioli Andrea , Degiovanni Alessio , Palloni Andrea , Frega Giorgio , Barbera Maria A. , Lorenzo Stefania , Garajova Ingrid , Di Marco Mariacristina , Pinna Antonio D. , Cescon Matteo , Cucchetti Alessandro , Ercolani Giorgio , D’Errico-Grigioni Antonietta , Pantaleo Maria A. , Biasco Guido , Tavolari Simona ,   on behalf of G.I.CO. (Gruppo Italiano Colangiocarcinoma)
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground.The use of gemcitabine as an adjuvant modality for cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is increasing, but limited data are available on predictive biomarkers of response. Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT-1) is the major transporter involved in gemcitabine intracellular uptake. This study investigated the putative predictive role of hENT-1 localization in tumor cells of CC patients undergoing treatment with adjuvant gemcitabine.Methods.Seventy-one consecutive patients with resected CC receiving adjuvant gemcitabine at our center were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemistry for hENT-1 localization in tumor cells. The main outcome measure was disease-free survival (DFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) of relapse and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from proportional hazards regression models stratified on quintiles of propensity score.Results.Twenty-three (32.4%) cases were negative for hENT-1, 22 (31.0%) were positive in the cytoplasm only, and 26 (36.6%) showed concomitant cytoplasm/membrane staining. Patients with membrane hENT-1 had a longer DFS (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–0.99, p = .046) than those who were negative or positive only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Notably, the association between DFS and membrane hENT-1 was dependent on the number of gemcitabine cycles (one to two cycles: HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.34–2.68; three to four cycles: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.34–2.90; five to six cycles: HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.77).Conclusion.hENT-1 localization on tumor cell membrane may predict response to adjuvant gemcitabine in CC patients receiving more than four cycles of chemotherapy. Further prospective randomized trials on larger populations are required to confirm these preliminary results, so that optimal gemcitabine-based chemotherapy may be tailored for CC patients in the adjuvant setting.
ACOMPANHAMENTO FARMACOTERAPÊUTICO EM IDOSOS
Authors: Maschio de Lima Tiago Aparecido , Fazan Eduardo Roberto , Pereira Luis Lenin Vicente , De Godoy Moacir Fernandes 
Published: April 2016

Introdução: O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico é um instrumento da Atenção Farmacêutica, no qual o farmacêutico se responsabiliza pelas necessidades do paciente relacionadas à farmacoterapia mediante a detecção, a prevenção e a resolução de problemas relacionados aos medicamentos. Objetivo: Realizar acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico em pacientes idosos atendidos em uma farmácia popular. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem quantitativa por meio de entrevista baseada na metodologia Dáder. Foram coletados dados demográficos, sociais, econômicos, clínicos e farmacológicos usando um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas para investigar problemas relacionados aos medicamentos. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 10 idosos. A média de idade foi 73,7±4,67 e 60% eram mulheres. No total foram prescritos 45 medicamentos, mediana 4, mínimo 3 e máximo 7. As classes terapêuticas mais prescritas foram anti-hipertensivos (31,11%), antilipêmicos (15,56%), antiúlceras (15,56%), hipoglicemiantes (15,55%) e antiplaquetários (8,89%). Foram identificados 20 problemas relacionados aos medicamentos em uso, dentre eles, os referentes à efetividade 25%, à segurança 40% e à adesão 35%. Cinco tipos de interações medicamentosas potenciais foram detectadas. O desconforto estomacal foi a reação adversa relatada por 80% dos idosos. A avaliação da adesão demonstrou que 70% dos idosos não aderem ao tratamento medicamentoso. Conclusão: Observa-se a ocorrência de problemas relacionados aos medicamentos em idosos, reforçando a importância do acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico para melhorar a farmacoterapia, preservar a segurança do paciente, e garantir o uso racional de medicamentos.
Hovering on Screen: The WOW-Affect and Fan Communities of Affective Spectatorship on So You Think You Can Dance
Authors: Benthaus Elena 
Published: April 2016

In this article I argue that the television dance franchise So You Think You Can Dance fosters and encourages what I call affective viewing practices and communities of affective spectatorship, which are specifically related to the "WOW-affect" created by its affective bodies. I use the term 'affect' to indicate the relationship between screens, athletic/virtuosic bodies, sound, and movement as one of excessive stimulation, resulting in intensities, or affects, which are circulated between screens and bodies as particular moments of suspense. In this sense, affect can be located in the gap between the impact of a stimulation on the skin-surface and a more coherent, cognitive response to this stimulation. The WOW as an utterance in relation to the athletic/virtuosic screen bodies and their affective impact gives voice and physical expression to the excess of intensities as a not-yet-cognitive suspended response. The notion of the WOW-affect, combining the utterance with a specific affective impact, is closely linked to the vaudeville show aesthetics of using an intensely spectacular movement series at the end of a routine to 'stop the show' by stunning the audience and suspending their reaction for a brief moment in time. Hence, the WOW-affect is a particular reaction to the experience of movement.
Transauthorial Screendance: Stravinsky’s Exquisite Corpse, or Brief Notes on Creating an International Omnibus Project
Authors: Hayes Marisa C. 
Published: April 2016

In honor of the first centenary surrounding the pivotal composition and ballet Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) in 2013, Franck Boulègue and I coordinated a collective screendance project entitled Sacre/ilège(s). Created in collaboration with 65 international artists, we sought to explore the ongoing presence of Le Sacre du Printemps internationally and to harness its wide reaching artistic influence in order to create an omnibus cycle of films. While hundreds of stage versions of Le Sacre du Printemps exist, it has rarely been imagined for the screen and is normally identified with an individual artist's vision (Stravinsky's music, Nijinsky or Pina Bausch's choreography, among others). Diverging from these familiar components seemed a fitting tribute to a production whose original look and sound shook the cultural landscape of its era, affecting multiple generations of artists thereafter. This provided the impetus for our first foray into transauthorial screendance and raised a number of questions on the nature of collaboration, community, and authorship: What forms of collaboration are possible for the screen today? Does collaboration itself form a community? Does collaboration represent a compromise on the part of the individual artist or does it simply construct a larger authorial composite? Despite the significance of these questions throughout the history of art—and moving images in particular—these subjects are rarely addressed or explored at screendance platforms today.
Influence of Population Density of Broiler Chickens (Gallus sp.) in Cages to the Hypertrophy of Adrenocortical Cells
Authors: Budiman Hamdani , Sugito Sugito , Nanda Widya , Hanafiah Muhammad , Salim Muhammad Nur , Ismail Ismail 
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of population density of broiler chickens (Gallus sp.) in the cages to the hypertrophy of adrenocortical cells. This study was conducted using complete randomized design (CRD) with 84 broiler chickens. All chickens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replications. Each group consists of 4 chickens (K1), 6 chickens (K2), 8 chickens (K3), and 10 chickens (K4). Chickens were rear from aged of 2 days up to 35 days. The histopathological examination of adrenal glands were performed by cpllected the adrenal glands of chickens then proceed to histopathological method and stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE). The percentage of hypertrophy of adreno cortical cells was calculated. The results of statistical analysis showed that the population densities of broiler chickens had highly significant effect (P<0.01) to the histopathology of adrenal gland. The highest average of hypertrophy was found in K4 group which had highest population of broiler chickens. To conclude, the highest the dense population of broiler chickens in the cage, the highest the number of hypertrophy of adenocortical cells. Key words: population density, hypertrophy of adrenocortical cell