bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitation Dependent Phosphorous Property and New Model of the Structured Green Luminescence in ZnO
Authors: Ye Honggang , Su Zhicheng , Tang Fei , Wang Mingzheng , Chen Guangde , Wang Jian , Xu Shijie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe copper induced green luminescence (GL) with two sets of fine structures in ZnO crystal has been found for several decades (i.e., R. Dingle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 579 (1969)), but the physical origin of the doublet still remains as an open question up to now. In this paper, we provide new insight into the mechanism of the structured GL band in terms of new experimental findings and theoretical calculations. It is found, for the first time, that the GL signal exhibits persistent afterglow for tens of minutes after the switch-off of below-band-gap excitation light but it cannot occur under above-band-gap excitation. Such a phosphorous property may be interpreted as de-trapping and feeding of electrons from a shallow trapping level via the conduction band to the Cu-related luminescence centers where the Cu3+ ion is proposed to work as the final state of the GL emission. From first-principles calculation, such a Cu3+ ion in wurtzite ZnO prefers a high spin 3d8 state with two non-degenerated half-filled orbitals due to the Jahn-Teller effect, probably leading to the double structures in photoluminescence spectrum. Therefore, this model gives a comprehensively new understanding on the mechanism of the structured GL band in ZnO.
Rapid detection of functional gene polymorphisms of TLRs and IL-17 using high resolution melting analysis
Authors: Teräsjärvi Johanna , Hakanen Antti , Korppi Matti , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela Kirsi , Mertsola Jussi , Peltola Ville , He Qiushui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGenetic variations in toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-17A have been widely connected to different diseases. Associations between susceptibility and resistance to different infections and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR1 to TLR4 and IL17A have been found. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid and high throughput method to detect functional SNPs of above mentioned proteins. The following most studied and clinically important SNPs: TLR1 (rs5743618), TLR2 (rs5743708), TLR3 (rs3775291), TLR4 (rs4986790) and IL17 (rs2275913) were tested. High resolution melting analysis (HRMA) based on real-time PCR combined with melting analysis of a saturating double stranded-DNA binding dye was developed and used. The obtained results were compared to the “standard” sequencing method. A total of 113 DNA samples with known genotypes were included. The HRMA method correctly identified all genotypes of these five SNPs. Co-efficient values of variation of intra- and inter-run precision repeatability ranged from 0.04 to 0.23%. The determined limit of qualification for testing samples was from 0.5 to 8.0 ng/μl. The identical genotyping result was obtained from the same sample with these concentrations. Compared to “standard” sequencing methods HRMA is cost-effective, rapid and simple. All the five SNPs can be analyzed separately or in combination.
Multimodal optical analysis discriminates freshly extracted human sample of gliomas, metastases and meningiomas from their appropriate controls
Authors: Zanello Marc , Poulon Fanny , Pallud Johan , Varlet Pascale , Hamzeh H. , Abi Lahoud Georges , Andreiuolo Felipe , Ibrahim Ali , Pages Mélanie , Chretien Fabrice , Di Rocco Federico , Dezamis Edouard , Nataf François , Turak Baris , Devaux Bertrand , Abi Haidar Darine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDelineating tumor margins as accurately as possible is of primordial importance in surgical oncology: extent of resection is associated with survival but respect of healthy surrounding tissue is necessary for preserved quality of life. The real-time analysis of the endogeneous fluorescence signal of brain tissues is a promising tool for defining margins of brain tumors. The present study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of multimodal optical analysis to discriminate fresh samples of gliomas, metastases and meningiomas from their appropriate controls. Tumor samples were studied on an optical fibered endoscope using spectral and fluorescence lifetime analysis and then on a multimodal set-up for acquiring spectral, one and two-photon fluorescence images, second harmonic generation signals and two-photon fluorescence lifetime datasets. The obtained data allowed us to differentiate healthy samples from tumor samples. These results confirmed the possible clinical relevance of this real-time multimodal optical analysis. This technique can be easily applied to neurosurgical procedures for a better delineation of surgical margins.
The Conductive Silver Nanowires Fabricated by Two-beam Laser Direct Writing on the Flexible Sheet
Authors: He Gui-Cang , Zheng Mei-Ling , Dong Xian-Zi , Jin Feng , Liu Jie , Duan Xuan-Ming , Zhao Zhen-Sheng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFlexible electrically conductive nanowires are now a key component in the fields of flexible devices. The achievement of metal nanowire with good flexibility, conductivity, compact and smooth morphology is recognized as one critical milestone for the flexible devices. In this study, a two-beam laser direct writing system is designed to fabricate AgNW on PET sheet. The minimum width of the AgNW fabricated by this method is 187 ± 34 nm with the height of 84 ± 4 nm. We have investigated the electrical resistance under different voltages and the applicable voltage per meter range is determined to be less than 7.5 × 103 V/m for the fabricated AgNW. The flexibility of the AgNW is very excellent, since the resistance only increases 6.63% even after the stretched bending of 2000 times at such a small bending radius of 1.0 mm. The proposed two–beam laser direct writing is an efficient method to fabricate AgNW on the flexible sheet, which could be applied in flexible micro/nano devices.
Mitochondrial genome diversity in dagger and needle nematodes (Nematoda: Longidoridae)
Authors: Palomares-Rius J. E. , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete C. , Archidona-Yuste A. , Blok V. C. , Castillo P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDagger and needle nematodes included in the family Longidoridae (viz. Longidorus, Paralongidorus, and Xiphinema) are highly polyphagous plant-parasitic nematodes in wild and cultivated plants and some of them are plant-virus vectors (nepovirus). The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the dagger and needle nematodes, Xiphinema rivesi, Xiphinema pachtaicum, Longidorus vineacola and Paralongidorus litoralis were sequenced in this study. The four circular mt genomes have an estimated size of 12.6, 12.5, 13.5 and 12.7 kb, respectively. Up to date, the mt genome of X. pachtaicum is the smallest genome found in Nematoda. The four mt genomes contain 12 protein-coding genes (viz. cox1-3, nad1-6, nad4L, atp6 and cob) and two ribosomal RNA genes (rrnL and rrnS), but the atp8 gene was not detected. These mt genomes showed a gene arrangement very different within the Longidoridae species sequenced, with the exception of very closely related species (X. americanum and X. rivesi). The sizes of non-coding regions in the Longidoridae nematodes were very small and were present in a few places in the mt genome. Phylogenetic analysis of all coding genes showed a closer relationship between Longidorus and Paralongidorus and different phylogenetic possibilities for the three Xiphinema species.
Association of Genomic Instability with HbA1c levels and Medication in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Grindel Annemarie , Brath Helmut , Nersesyan Armen , Knasmueller Siegfried , Wagner Karl-Heinz 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDiabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is associated with increased cancer risk. Instability of the genetic material plays a key role in the aetiology of human cancer. This study aimed to analyse genomic instability with the micronucleus cytome assay in exfoliated buccal cells depending on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and medication in 146 female DM2 patients. The occurrence of micronuclei was significantly increased in DM2 patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, it was doubled in DM2 patients with HbA1c > 7.5% compared to subjects with HbA1c ≤ 7.5%. Positive correlations were found between micronuclei frequencies and HbA1c as well as fasting plasma glucose. Patients under insulin treatment showed a two-fold increase in micronuclei frequencies compared to subjects under first-line medication (no drugs or monotherapy with non-insulin medication). However, after separation of HbA1c (cut-off 7.5%) only patients with severe DM2 characterised by high HbA1c and insulin treatment showed higher micronuclei frequencies but not patients with insulin treatment and low HbA1c. We demonstrated that the severity of DM2 accompanied by elevated micronuclei frequencies predict a possible enhanced cancer risk among female DM2 patients. Therapy, therefore, should focus on a strict HbA1c control and personalised medical treatments.
High Performance MgO-barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Flexible and Wearable Spintronic Applications
Authors: Chen Jun-Yang , Lau Yong-Chang , Coey J. M. D. , Li Mo , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) using MgO barrier is one of most important building blocks for spintronic devices and has been widely utilized as miniaturized magentic sensors. It could play an important role in wearable medical devices if they can be fabricated on flexible substrates. The required stringent fabrication processes to obtain high quality MgO-barrier MTJs, however, limit its integration with flexible electronics devices. In this work, we have developed a method to fabricate high-performance MgO-barrier MTJs directly onto ultrathin flexible silicon membrane with a thickness of 14 μm and then transfer-and-bond to plastic substrates. Remarkably, such flexible MTJs are fully functional, exhibiting a TMR ratio as high as 190% under bending radii as small as 5 mm. The devices‘ robustness is manifested by its retained excellent performance and unaltered TMR ratio after over 1000 bending cycles. The demonstrated flexible MgO-barrier MTJs opens the door to integrating high-performance spintronic devices in flexible and wearable electronics devices for a plethora of biomedical sensing applications.
Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Grade 2 Meningiomas
Authors: Refaat Tamer , Gentile Michelle , Sachdev Sean , Dalal Prarthana , Butala Anish , Gutiontov Stanley , Helenowksi Irene , Lee Plato , Sathiaseelan Vythialinga , Bloch Orin , Chandler James , Kalapurakal John 
Published: February 2017

Purpose This study aims to report long-term clinical outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for intracranial grade 2 meningiomas.
Methods In this Institutional Review Board approved study, we reviewed records of all patients with grade 2 meningiomas treated with GKRS between 1998 and 2014.
Results A total of 97 postoperative histopathologically confirmed grade 2 meningiomas in 75 patients were treated and are included in this study. After a mean follow-up of 41 months, 28 meningiomas had local recurrence (29.79%). Median time to local recurrence was 89 months (mean: 69, range: 47–168). The 3- and 5-year actuarial local control (LC) rates were 68.9 and 55.7%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 88.6 and 81.1%, respectively. There was a trend toward worse LC with tumors treated with radiation doses ≤ 13 versus > 13 Gy. There was no radiation necrosis or second malignant tumors noted in our series.
Conclusion This report, one of the largest GKRS series for grade 2 meningiomas, demonstrates that GKRS is a safe and effective treatment modality for patients with grade 2 meningiomas with durable tumor control and minimal toxicity. Adjuvant GKRS could be considered as a reasonable treatment approach for patients with grade 2 meningiomas.
Improving acoustic estimates of krill: experience from repeat sampling of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) in Gullmarsfjord, Sweden
Authors: Everson Inigo , Tarling Geraint A. , Bergström Bo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Everson, I., Tarling, G. A., and Bergström, B. 2007. Improving acoustic estimates of krill: experience from repeat sampling of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) in Gullmarsfjord, Sweden – ICES Journal of Marine Research, 64, 39–48. A series of eight replicated acoustic surveys, four by day and four by night, was undertaken in Gullmarsfjord on the Swedish west coast during two 24-h periods on 8 and 10 September 2003, using a calibrated echosounder operating at 120 and 38 kHz. The difference in signal strength (ΔSv) was used to distinguish northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) from other acoustic scatterers. The approach is concluded to be very effective, but it can be improved greatly by applying the following series of simple extensions to current protocols: first, set a very low threshold on both frequencies to minimize sampling bias; second, undertake tests to confirm that the data extracted from each acoustic frequency apply to the same scatterers; third, ensure that the range of ΔSv is not greater than the TSrange at either frequency; and finally, when abundance estimation is the primary aim, arrange for sampling at the time of day and using the acoustic frequency that together provide the least variance.
Confirmation that abscisic acid accumulation is required for maize primary root elongation at low water potentials
Authors: Sharp Robert E. , Wu Yajun , Voetberg Gary S. , Saab Imad N. , LeNoble Mary E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Previous work showed that primary root elongation in maize (Zeamays L.) seedlings at low water potentials was severely inhibited when accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) was decreased using either fluridone or the vp5 mutant to inhibit carotenoid (and ABA) biosynthesis. The objective of this study was to confirm that the inhibition of root elongation resulting from these treatments was indeed attributable to the decrease in ABA levels. Seedlings were transplanted after germination to vermiculite at water potentials of −1.6 or − 0.3 MPa. ABA was mixed at various concentrations with the vermiculite to test whether the effects of fluridone and the vp5 mutation on root elongation could be overcome. In both treatments, restoration of ABA levels in the root apical 10 mm, which encompassed the elongation zone, resulted in recovery of root elongation rate at both −1.6 MPa and −0.3 MPa. Analysis of the spatial distribution of elongation rate showed that the recovery of overall root elongation resulted from restoration of the profile of elongation, and did not involve over-promotion of local elongation rate at any position. The recovery of root elongation was shown to be independent of effects of ABA status on shoot growth. When ABA was applied at high water potential, such that levels of ABA in the root tip reached those associated with maintenance of elongation at low water potentials, root elongation was inhibited. Thus, the response of root elongation to bulk tissue ABA content varied with the tissue water status. The results confirm that accumulation of ABA is required for the maintenance of maize primary root elongation at low water potentials.
Natural Radionuclides in Ground Water in Finland
Authors: Salonen L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A nationwide survey of the natural radioactivity in drinking water was conducted in Finland throughout the 1970s and has continued in the 1980s with the emphasis on drinking water originating from drilled wells, which may be rich in natural radionuclides (mean 222Rn 1020 Bq.l-1, maximum 77,000 Bq.l-1). Between 1981 and 1987, 3000 ground water samples were analysed for 222Rn, some of them for gross alpha and beta, 226Ra, 210Pb, 210Po and U. In recent years the occurrence of 210Pb and 210Po in ground water has been studied. Preliminary results suggest that the contribution of 210Pb and 210Po to the total annual effective dose equivalent is higher than the contribution of 226Ra or U in that water.
Green Star is not a physical activity star
Authors: Creagh Robyn , McGann Sarah , Tye Marian , Jancey Jonine , Babb Courtney 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on research investigating the relationship between physical activity and workplace design. In particular, the paper explores the social–ecological context of a new workplace building. This paper seeks to understand why better physical activity outcomes for the staff were not observed in the new building despite influence from a staff wellness committee during design; achieving success against existing best-practice indicators; and staff reporting increased feelings of wellness, energy and satisfaction with the new building.

Design/methodology/approach
Three design aspects are taken as a focus from within an opportunistic pre-/post-physical activity study of an organisation as they move from a building they occupied for 30 years into a new purpose-designed building. This study was conducted through mixed methods, incorporating ethnographic, architectural and quantitative means.

Findings
The social, spatial and personal context is important for understanding participant workplace-based physical activity. Despite the health and well-being goals and 5 Star Green Star outcomes of the new building, participants were sedentary for a substantive part of their workday in both buildings.

Practical implications
A well-designed environment can support staff feeling healthier, but the 5 Star Green Star rating does not implicitly ensure a healthier, activity-promoting environment. Facilities managers and designers can act to provide physically active paths as the most straightforward circulation option in workplaces.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in the opportunity to conduct a pre-/post-study of physical activity where the organisation, workforce and type of work are constant and where the variable is the building design, spatial configuration and location. The methods used in this study draw from both health promotion and architectural research practices.
Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities
Authors: Sabo Autumn E. , Frerker Katie L. , Waller Donald M. , Kruger Eric L. 
Published: February 2017

Summary

In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions.

To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression (NPMR).

Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon.

The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency.

Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space.

Synthesis. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal.
Data mining: Potential applications in research on nutrition and health
Authors: Batterham Marijka , Neale Elizabeth , Martin Allison , Tapsell Linda 
Published: February 2017

AimData mining enables further insights from nutrition‐related research, but caution is required. The aim of this analysis was to demonstrate and compare the utility of data mining methods in classifying a categorical outcome derived from a nutrition‐related intervention.MethodsBaseline data (23 variables, 8 categorical) on participants (n = 295) in an intervention trial were used to classify participants in terms of meeting the criteria of achieving 10 000 steps per day. Results from classification and regression trees (CARTs), random forests, adaptive boosting, logistic regression, support vector machines and neural networks were compared using area under the curve (AUC) and error assessments.ResultsThe CART produced the best model when considering the AUC (0.703), overall error (18%) and within class error (28%). Logistic regression also performed reasonably well compared to the other models (AUC 0.675, overall error 23%, within class error 36%). All the methods gave different rankings of variables’ importance. CART found that body fat, quality of life using the SF‐12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the cholesterol: HDL ratio were the most important predictors of meeting the 10 000 steps criteria, while logistic regression showed the SF‐12PCS, glucose levels and level of education to be the most significant predictors (P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsDiffering outcomes suggest caution is required with a single data mining method, particularly in a dataset with nonlinear relationships and outliers and when exploring relationships that were not the primary outcomes of the research.