bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Proterozoic Guanhães banded iron formations, Southeastern border of the São Francisco Craton, Brazil: evidence of detrital contamination
Authors: Barrote Vitor Rodrigues , Rosiere Carlos Alberto , Rolim Vassily Khoury , Santos João Orestes Schneider , Mcnaughton Neal Jesse 
Published: August 2017

The Guanhães banded iron formation (BIF) bearing succession occurs as tectonic slices, juxtaposed to Archean TTG granite-gneissic basement rock, developed during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Brasiliano collage. The succession has a maximum depositional age of ~2.18 Ga, from detrital zircons in quartzite, and consists of quartzites, schists, BIFs, gneiss and amphibolite, all metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions. The Guanhães BIF shows HREE enrichment and consistent positive Eu anomaly (PAAS-normalized REE+Y). Two types of contamination were observed in the samples. The first is contamination by an exotic detrital component, which resulted in low Y/Ho (< 30) and Pr/Yb (SN) ratios. Evidence of such contamination, combined with inferred stratigraphic stacking data, indicates that the Guanhães BIFs were deposited on a shallow marine environment. The second type of contamination resulted in higher Eu-anomalies, positive Ce-anomalies, and higher REE+Y concentrations, possibly due to the interaction between later magmatic fluids and the Guanhães BIF. A strong Cambrian event is recorded in zircon age data. The uncontaminated samples display REE+Y distribution similar to other Precambrian BIFs, particularly those from the Morro-Escuro Sequence and the Serra da Serpentina Group, without true Ce-anomalies and Y/Ho close to seawater values (45). Geochronological and geochemical data presented in this paper strongly suggest a correlation between the Guanhães supracrustal succession and the Serra da Serpentina and Serra de São José Groups.
Modelamento termal de uma auréola metamórfica em torno de uma intrusão básica hipabissal paleógena na Bacia Potiguar, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Valcácio Samir do Nascimento , Souza Zorano Sérgio de , Moreira José Antônio de Morais , Damaceno Juliana Garrido 
Published: August 2017

A Bacia Potiguar possui um volume considerável de rochas básicas alcalinas. Os efeitos térmicos associados a essas rochas em bacias sedimentares podem ocasionar um tipo peculiar de metamorfismo de contato, o pirometamorfismo, capaz de fundir parcialmente as rochas encaixantes e gerar novas rochas. Este trabalho reporta o efeito térmico dessas intrusões cenozoicas, conhecidas como Magmatismo Macau, em rochas cretáceas da Bacia Potiguar, com auxílio de dados de campo, petrografia e petrofísica. Para isso, foi simulado o arrefecimento térmico por meio de modelos matemáticos no entorno do plug São João, localizado a nordeste de Pedro Avelino (estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil), correlacionando-o a mudanças mineralógicas identificadas nas rochas encaixantes. As modificações físicas e texturais mais expressivas na evolução de altas para baixas temperaturas são a fusão parcial e recristalização das rochas encaixantes, compactação e fraturamento hidráulico. O modelamento térmico indica que a auréola metamórfica pode atingir até 150 m do contato. Além disso, as associações minerais relacionadas ao metamorfismo de contato (cordierita, tridimita e espurrita, além de vidro) permitem estimar condições de temperaturas mínimas da ordem de 1.000 °C e pressões de 0,5 kbar. O modelamento térmico sugere que as mudanças mineralógicas e texturais foram efetivas com temperaturas a partir de 400 °C. O tempo de resfriamento estimado para o plug São João é de aproximadamente 10 mil anos. Tais dados são relevantes para entender o efeito do magmatismo na remobilização de hidrocarbonetos e sua influência nos sistemas petrolíferos da Bacia Potiguar.
Granulito Uyarani – uma janela estrutural Pré-Cambriana no Altiplano Boliviano: petrogênese e significado tectônico
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Rezende de , Sousa Maria Zélia Aguiar de , Ruiz Amarildo Salina , Salinas Gerardo Ramiro Matos 
Published: August 2017

O embasamento pré-andino é formado por terrenos paleoproterozoicos, como o terreno Arequipa-Antofalla, e entre suas unidades destaca-se o Granulito Uyarani, parcialmente recoberto por sedimentos quaternários e por um ignimbrito pliocênico. Neste trabalho, o Granulito Uyarani é caracterizado como granulito félsico que apresenta enclaves máficos de granulito máfico, que tiveram como protólitos, respectivamente, sienogranitos, granodioritos e quartzo monzodioritos, enquanto o protólito do enclave tem composição gabroica. A análise estrutural demonstra seu caráter polideformado, com três fases de deformação (F1, F2 e F3) e tectônica rúptil marcada por fraturas e falhas na F3. A fase F1 é ligada ao metamorfismo M1, que alcançou condições de fácies granulito para o Granulito Uyarani, já na fase F2 ocorre o M2, responsável por um retrometamorfismo para fácies xisto verde. A litoquímica do granulito félsico revela que o protólito foi gerado por magmatismo cálcio-alcalino, metaluminoso a peraluminoso, magnesiano; já os enclaves de granulito máfico mostram a existência de um magma básico associado, em ambiente de arco magmático com ocorrência de mistura de magmas. As idades de cristalização do granulito félsico de 1.859 ± 200 Ma e 2.020 ± 130 Ma, disponíveis na literatura, obtidas, respectivamente, pelos métodos Rb/Sr, em rocha total e U/Pb (TIMS) em zircão, são contraditórias e têm erros elevados. A análise geocronológica realizada neste trabalho revelou uma idade de cristalização, U/Pb (SHRIMP) em zircão, de 1.736 ± 5.1 Ma para o granulito félsico. A idade de 1.157 ± 60 Ma, admitida até então como pico metamórfico, considerando o intercepto inferior do diagrama concórdia da análise U/Pb em zircão, também é contestável. Portanto, consideram-se, neste trabalho, as idades estabelecidas a partir dos métodos Ar/Ar em hornblenda com um platô de 982 ± 2 Ma e Sm/Nd, em isócrona mineral, de 1.008 ± 16 Ma, que indicam a atuação de um episódio termal regional, associado à evolução da Orogenia Grenvilliana-Sunsás, também nas rochas granulíticas estudadas, sugerindo sua conexão com as faixas móveis da Província Geocronológica Sunsás do SW do Cráton Amazônico.
Urban Heat Island and Urban Dry Island in Moscow and Their Centennial Changes
Authors: Lokoshchenko Mikhail A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe long-term dynamics of both urban heat island (UHI) and urban dry island (UDI) intensities over the city of Moscow, Russia, has been analyzed for the period from the end of the nineteenth century until recent years using data of the ground meteorological network. Besides traditional maximum heat/dry island intensity, an additional parameter—station-averaged intensity as a mean difference between the data of all urban and rural stations—has been used. The traditional maximum (mean annual) UHI intensity in Moscow was nearly 1.0°C at the end of the nineteenth century, 1.2°C one century ago, 1.5°–1.6°C both in the middle and at the end of the twentieth century, and 2.0°C in recent years. The station-averaged UHI intensity was equal to 0.7°–0.8°C in the second half of the twentieth century and increased up to 1.0°C in recent years. It is probable that stabilization of both parameters from the 1950s to the 1990s was connected with the extensive city growth at that time (mass resettlement of inhabitants from the overpopulated city center to the new urban periphery since the 1960s). The new increase of UHI intensities is the result of the new intensive city growth. The relative humidity in Moscow significantly decreased during the last 146 years (mostly because of warming), unlike water vapor pressure. The UDI is closely connected with the UHI; the absolute value (modulus) of its intensity is increasing in time from −4% at the end of the nineteenth century to −9% now. During the last two decades, the UDI as well as the UHI became much stronger than before.
Regional origins of student teachers at the University and College in Bath
Authors: Austwick K. , Carter K. A. 
Published: August 2017

Entry into teaching in the future is likely to be via three main routes-the B.Ed. degree, offered in many of the former Colleges of Education; a degree followed by a one-year postgraduate certificate in education; and a concurrent course. All three routes are available in Bath, in either the University or the College of Higher Education, and all are validated by the University. This paper seeks to trace the regional origins of the students who are recruited to these courses and to make some comparison with a more general study of the University's undergraduate intake in 1968 carried out by G. H. Hones (1973). Some similarities exist between the College intake of today and the University intake of 1968, but there are some interesting differences in recruitment to teacher education between the three routes.
Childminding: implications for education
Authors: Raven Michael , Robb Barbara 
Published: August 2017

Previous research has suggested that childminded nursery-age children are severely disadvantaged in their language competency and social behaviour, and that they are therefore educationally handicapped from the earliest stage of their education. These handicaps have been attributed to the effects of being minded. This paper compares the performance of matched groups of minded and non-minded three- and four-year-old children on tests of language competency and social behaviour and finds no significant differences between the two groups. Significant differences between expressive and receptive language scores are found for both groups and differences in language competency between the social classes are also noted. The paper concludes that the supposed educational disadvantages of being childminded are not clearly established by the limited evidence available to date.
The basis of student peer group structure
Authors: Ginsburg Mark B. , Redican Bede 
Published: August 2017

This paper reports on research in which sociometric and other questionnaire data as well as interview data were collected from fourteen year-old pupils in two comprehensive secondary schools in the West Midlands. The following central questions are addressed: (a) whether friendship choices are influenced by residential location and/or school organisation factors, (b) whether friendship choices are homogeneous with respect to attitudes toward school, and (c) whether friendship choices are homogeneous with respect to job status aspirations. The quantitative data are analysed using a recently developed statistical technique, CHOICE, which enables one to multivariately relate (categorical and/or ranked) variables to sociometric-type responses. The quantitative findings are supplemented and clarified by reference to qualitative data collected in the group interviews. Conclusions reached are that peer group structure is most importantly influenced by school organization, while attitudes toward school and job status aspirations (except at the extremes of the continua) are not important bases of friendship choices. Implications for theory, research, and policy/practice are discussed.
Correlation Scatter Plotting as a Quick Substitute for Factor Analysis
Authors: Youngman M. B. 
Published: August 2017

The widespread use of analytical methods of factoring has tended to obscure the possibility of using more descriptive approaches to variable structuring. This paper demonstrates how simple correlation plotting can be used to provide a quick representation of variable inter-correlations. In the example offered, a study of transfer from primary to secondary, the correlation scatter plots show considerable similarity with the varimax factor analytic solution. Concluding comments suggest that correlation plotting could provide valuable assistance in teaching the principles of factor analysis, in arriving at quick evaluations of factor analytic studies, and in communicating results derived from factor analyses. Factor analysis has achieved a considerable degree of support amongst behavioural researchers (see for example, Bennett and Bowers, 1976; Child, 1970; Kerlinger, 1979). Nevertheless there are situations where the computational complexity of the method may inhibit understanding of associated findings. In the early stages of educational training, for example, it is unrealistic to expect students to be able to devote the time and effort required for an adequate study of the method. It is also imprudent to expect students with such limited understanding to pursue projects which demand factoring procedures for successful analysis and interpretation. Moving to the area of practical applications, many consumers of research may become sceptical of findings and suggestions which rely heavily on a procedure whose rationale is obscure. And even with experienced researchers there are occasions when a quick, descriptive evaluation of data is required to assist subsequent, more probing analyses. Most statistical techniques have an associated graphical representation which can-be applied to summarise or describe data. It is suggested here that the method of plotting variable inter-correlations is more valuable than is generally assumed.
Cognitive Style, Gender and Conduct Behaviour in Secondary School Pupils
Authors: Riding Richard J. , Burton Diana 
Published: August 2017

Cognitive style, gender and conduct behaviour in secondary school pupils The tutor group/form teachers of a total of 341 pupils from two schools, A (Year 10, age 14-15 years) and B (Year 11, age 15-16 years), were asked to rate the classroom conduct behaviour of their pupils on a five-point scale from very poor to very good. The cognitive styles of the pupils were assessed by means of the Cognitive Styles Analysis, which indicated their positions on each of two style dimensions, Wholist-Analytic and Verbal-Imagery. There was a significant interaction between gender and the Wholist-Analytic style in their effect on behaviour, with the females behaving better than the males, and the male Wholists being the worst behaved. The findings are discussed in terms of the practical implications for schooling.
Bhakti, the Āḻvār and Ācārya: Situating the History of Śrī Vaiṣṇavism in South India
Authors: Mahalakshmi R. 
Published: August 2017

Ranjeeta Dutta, From Hagiographies to Biographies: Rāmānuja in Tradition and History, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2014, xii + 246 pp., ₹895. Bharati Jagannathan, Approaching the Divine: The Integration of Āḻvār Bhakti in Srīvaiṣṇavism, Primus, Delhi, 2015, xv + 342 pp., ₹1395.
Cardiac myxoma: clinical characteristics, surgical intervention, intra-operative challenges and outcome
Authors: Abu Abeeleh Mahmoud , Saleh Suhayl , Alhaddad Emad , Alsmady Moaath , Alshehabat Musa , Bani Ismail Zuhair , Massad Islam , Bani Hani Amjad , Abu Halaweh Sami 
Published: August 2017

Objective: The objectives of this retrospective study were to characterize the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, surgical approaches, intra-operative challenges and complications following the surgical treatment of cardiac myxoma in two of the largest referral hospitals in Jordan. Methods: Medical records of all patients presented to the cardiology department during the period between 1984 and 2016 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: (1) patients who were presented for cardiac evaluation due to symptoms suggestive of a primary cardiac problem, (2) completed medical records, including results of echocardiography suggestive of intra-cardiac occupying mass, (3) the surgical operation was undertaken and intra-operative data was available, (4) a histological diagnosis of myxoma was available and (5) the discharge status and follow-up data were available for at least 2 years after initial surgery. Results: A total of 27 patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study. The average age was 42 years. Thirteen of the patients were females and 14 patients were males. The most common clinical presentations were dyspnea (29.6%) and murmurs (22.2%). Non-specific signs, such as weight loss, fever, fatigue, arthralgia and anemia, were reported in 10 (37%) patients. Signs related to systemic embolization were reported in 9 (33.3%) of the patients, involving the upper and lower extremities (55.6%), brain ischemia and vision loss (54.4%). Tumors in all patients were successfully resected under cardiopulmonary bypass support. The tumor was pedunculated in 17 (62.9%) of the patients and the size of the tumors varied from 1 to 7 centimeters in diameter. The tumor was located in the left atrium in 21 patients (77.7%), in the right atrium in 4 patients (14.8%), in the right ventricular side of the septum in 1 patient (3.7%) and involving the tricuspid valve in 1 patient (3.7%). The left atrial approach was used in 3 patients, a right atrial approach in 4 patients and a bi-atrial approach in 20 patients. The most common concomitant cardiac pathology was coronary artery disease in 3 patients and an atrial septal defect in one patient. The most common intra-operative challenges were inter-atrial communication (2 patients), large defect in the tricuspid valve leaflet (1 patient) and involvement of the inter-ventricular septum (1 patient). In the post-operative period, 1 patient suffered a stroke. In the post-operative period, the most common complications were stroke (1 patient) and recurrence of the tumor (2 patients). Conclusion: The success rate after surgical removal of cardiac myxoma in this study was substantial and complications were rare.
Optimal dilution of contrast medium for quantitating parenchymal blood volume using a flat-panel detector
Authors: Kuriyama Takumi , Sakai Nobuyuki , Beppu Mikiya , Sakai Chiaki , Imamura Hirotoshi , Kojima Iwao , Masago Katsuhiro , Katakami Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2017

Objective Similar to perfusion studies after acute ischemic stroke, measuring cerebral blood volume (CBV) via C-arm computed tomography before and after therapeutic interventions may help gauge subsequent revascularization. We tested serial dilutions of intra-arterial injectable contrast medium (CM) to determine the optimal CM concentration for quantifying parenchymal blood volume by flat-panel detector imaging (FD-PBV). Methods CM was diluted via saline power injector, instituting time delays for FD-PBV studies. A red/green/blue (RGB) color scale was employed to quantify/compare FD-PBV and magnetic resonance-derived CBV (MRCBV). Results Contrast values of right and left common carotid arteries did not differ significantly at CM dilutions of ≥20%. RGB analysis of FD-PBV imaging (relative to MR-CVB), showed CM dilution altered the colors (by 16%), increasing red and decreasing blue ratios. Conclusion Diluting CM to 20% resulted in no laterality differential of FD-PBV imaging, with left/right quantitative ratios approaching 1.1 (optimal for clinical use).
Reliability and validity study of Turkish version of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile
Authors: Üçgül Merve Şuay , Karahan Sevilay , Öksüz Çiğdem 
Published: August 2017

Introduction The evaluation and treatment of sensory processing disorders are significant fields of interest for occupational therapy. The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) questionnaire is used for sensory evaluation of adults to measure sensory experiences, including auditory, visual, taste/smell, touch, movement, and activity level. The aim of the study was to study the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the AASP. Method The AASP Turkish version was administered to 450 healthy individuals aged 11 years and over and 40 schizophrenia patients aged 18–64 years. Results There were no critical problems encountered during translation. The clarity of the questionnaire was increased by making minor changes in conjunctions and adjectives in the Turkish adaptation. The AASP showed high internal consistency and test–retest reliability (r = 0.66–0.82 and r = 0.67–0.82, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between the healthy individuals and schizophrenia patients for low registration, sensory seeking, and sensory sensitivity ( p < 0.05). According to the factor analysis, four factors with 20 items under low registration, 16 items under sensory avoiding, 12 items under sensory seeking, and 12 items under the sensory sensitivity quadrant were defined. Conclusions The Turkish version of the AASP questionnaire is a reliable and a valid questionnaire for the Turkish population.
Effect of a National Tobacco Public Education Campaign on Youth’s Risk Perceptions and Beliefs About Smoking
Authors: Duke Jennifer C. , Farrelly Matthew C. , Alexander Tesfa N. , MacMonegle Anna J. , Zhao Xiaoquan , Allen Jane A. , Delahanty Janine C. , Rao Pamela , Nonnemaker James 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: To assess the relationship between youth’s exposure to the Food and Drug Administration’s national tobacco public education campaign, The Real Cost, and changes in campaign-targeted beliefs. Design: Longitudinal design with baseline survey and 2 postcampaign follow-up surveys. Sample: Youth from 75 US media markets (N = 1680) who completed all 3 surveys and had experimented with or were susceptible to future cigarette smoking. Measures: Exposure was measured by self-reported frequency of ad exposure and media market–level target rating points. Agreement with 30 self-reported tobacco-related beliefs was assessed in 3 categories: (1) beliefs specifically targeted by campaign messages (campaign-targeted belief), (2) beliefs not targeted by the campaign (nontargeted beliefs), and (3) beliefs corresponding to other media campaigns on air concurrent with The Real Cost (ambiguous beliefs). Analysis: Descriptive analyses of aggregate changes in beliefs and logistic regressions to examine the association between campaign exposure and beliefs. Intervention: The Real Cost. Results: Agreement with campaign-targeted beliefs increased from baseline to first and second follow-ups, with a mean relative increase of 10.4% and 11.5%, respectively. Nontargeted beliefs did not change substantially. Both measures of campaign exposure were positively associated with increased odds of agreeing with 5 of 8 campaign-targeted beliefs. Exposure was not significantly associated with 12 of 14 nontargeted tobacco-related beliefs. Discussion: A sustained national tobacco public education campaign can change population-level perceptions of tobacco-related harms among youth.
A score for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Naess Halvor , Andreassen Ulrike W , Thomassen Lars , Kvistad Christopher E 
Published: August 2017

Aim Many patients with ischemic stroke have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation that may be difficult to detect. We sought to identify markers of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and construct a score that may help the clinician to select patients for anticoagulation even if investigations do not disclose atrial fibrillation. Methods A group of patients with acute ischemic stroke and TIA and documented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was compared to a group of patients with ischemic stroke and TIA and no known paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring. Clinical features, blood tests, ECG, and MRI findings were compared. Sensitivity and specificity of significant markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were calculated. A simple score based on independent markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was constructed. Results Out of 3480 patients with TIA or ischemic stroke, 237 (19%) had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 1002 (81%) had sinus rhythm. On univariate analyses, significant markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation included increasing age, females, prior ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, other heart diseases, pathologic troponin, embolic stroke and stroke in different arterial territories (all P < .01). A score including age dichotomized at 75 years, cardiac disease and troponin was constructed. Conclusion We identified many markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and constructed a score that may help the clinician to select patients for anticoagulation even if investigations do not disclose paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.