bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens was concentrated at the rear of the typhoon Soudelor in Eastern China in August 2015
Authors: Ma Jian , Wang Ye‐Chen , Hu Yan‐Yue , Lu Ming‐Hong , Wan Gui‐Jun , Chen Fa‐Jun , Liu Wan‐Cai , Zhai Bao‐Ping , Hu Gao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSometimes, extreme weather is vital for the population survival of migratory insects by causing sudden population collapse or outbreak. Several studies have shown that rice planthopper migration was significantly influenced by typhoons in eastern Asia. Most typhoons occur in the summer, especially in August. In August, brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) migrates northward or southward depending on wind direction, and thus typhoons can potentially influence its migration process and population distribution. However, this has not yet been studied. This paper reported a case study on the effects of Typhoon Soudelor on the summer migration of N. lugens in eastern China in 2015. The migration pathways of N. lugens were reconstructed for the period under the influence of a typhoon by calculating the trajectories and migration events in eight counties of the Yangtze River Valley region with ancillary information. Trajectory modelling showed that most migrants took short distance migrations (less than 200 km) under the influence of the Typhoon Soudelor. Numerous N. lugens migrants were concentrated and deposited at the rear of the typhoon during the last 5 days of Typhoon Soudelor on August 9–13 due to horizontal convergence, and this led to an outbreak population. These results indicated that the N. lugens population was redistributed by the typhoon in the summer and that the population dynamics at the rear of a typhoon should be kept under close surveillance. This study provided insight into migratory organisms adapting to atmospheric features.
Microbial enzymes for the recycling of recalcitrant petroleum‐based plastics: how far are we?
Authors: Wei Ren , Zimmermann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPetroleum‐based plastics have replaced many natural materials in their former applications. With their excellent properties, they have found widespread uses in almost every area of human life. However, the high recalcitrance of many synthetic plastics results in their long persistence in the environment, and the growing amount of plastic waste ending up in landfills and in the oceans has become a global concern. In recent years, a number of microbial enzymes capable of modifying or degrading recalcitrant synthetic polymers have been identified. They are emerging as candidates for the development of biocatalytic plastic recycling processes, by which valuable raw materials can be recovered in an environmentally sustainable way. This review is focused on microbial biocatalysts involved in the degradation of the synthetic plastics polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Recent progress in the application of polyester hydrolases for the recovery of PET building blocks and challenges for the application of these enzymes in alternative plastic waste recycling processes will be discussed.
Outcomes and predictive tests from a dedicated specialist clinic for women at high risk of preterm labour: A ten year audit
Authors: Hughes Kelly , Sim Shirlene , Roman Alina , Michalak Kasia , Kane Stefan , Sheehan Penelope 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPreterm birth continues to be a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide, but advances have recently been made in its prediction and prevention. A short cervix (<25 mm) in the second trimester on transvaginal ultrasound scan and fetal fibronectin are important predictive tests. For over ten years, the Preterm Labour Clinic at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia has provided care for women at high risk of preterm birth, including those with a previous preterm birth, previous cervical surgery, uterine malformation or incidental finding of short cervix at routine ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to review this clinic's outcomes for the first decade.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all referrals to the Preterm Labour Clinic during the period 2004–2013 inclusive. Seven hundred and fifty‐six cases met the study inclusion criteria of appropriate risk factor, singleton pregnancy, surveillance undertaken and outcome data available.ResultsThe preterm birth rate (<37 weeks) was 21.4%. The rate of preterm birth by year decreased significantly when adjusted for risk (P = 0.002). A short cervix was diagnosed in 32% of the sample, and positively correlated with lower gestational age at delivery. Fetal fibronectin and serum alkaline phosphatase were independent predictors of preterm birth <34 weeks and <37 weeks.ConclusionThe adjusted preterm birth rate at the Royal Women's Hospital's Preterm Labour Clinic has decreased significantly over the decade studied. Positive fetal fibronectin at 26 weeks and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase are independent predictors of preterm birth.
Design and Monitoring of Multi-Arm Multi-Stage Clinical Trials
Authors: Ghosh Pranab , Liu Lingyun , Senchaudhuri P. , Gao Ping , Mehta Cyrus 
Published: March 2017

SummaryTwo-arm group sequential designs have been widely used for over 40 years, especially for studies with mortality endpoints. The natural generalization of such designs to trials with multiple treatment arms and a common control (MAMS designs) has, however, been implemented rarely. While the statistical methodology for this extension is clear, the main limitation has been an efficient way to perform the computations. Past efforts were hampered by algorithms that were computationally explosive. With the increasing interest in adaptive designs, platform designs, and other innovative designs that involve multiple comparisons over multiple stages, the importance of MAMS designs is growing rapidly. This article provides break-through algorithms that can compute MAMS boundaries rapidly thereby making such designs practical. For designs with efficacy-only boundaries the computational effort increases linearly with number of arms and number of stages. For designs with both efficacy and futility boundaries the computational effort doubles with successive increases in number of stages.
RNA Polymerase I Inhibition with CX‐5461 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Target MYC in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Lee Hans C. , Wang Hua , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran , Lin Heather , He Jin , Jones Richard J. , Kuiatse Isere , Gu Dongmin , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Wencai , Lim John , O'Brien Sean , Keats Jonathan , Yang Jing , Davis Richard E. , Orlowski Robert Z. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryDysregulation of MYC is frequently implicated in both early and late myeloma progression events, yet its therapeutic targeting has remained a challenge. Among key MYC downstream targets is ribosomal biogenesis, enabling increases in protein translational capacity necessary to support the growth and self‐renewal programmes of malignant cells. We therefore explored the selective targeting of ribosomal biogenesis with the small molecule RNA polymerase (pol) I inhibitor CX‐5461 in myeloma. CX‐5461 induced significant growth inhibition in wild‐type (WT) and mutant TP53 myeloma cell lines and primary samples, in association with increases in downstream markers of apoptosis. Moreover, Pol I inhibition overcame adhesion‐mediated drug resistance and resistance to conventional and novel agents. To probe the TP53‐independent mechanisms of CX‐5461, gene expression profiling was performed on isogenic TP53 WT and knockout cell lines and revealed reduction of MYC downstream targets. Mechanistic studies confirmed that CX‐5461 rapidly suppressed both MYC protein and MYC mRNA levels. The latter was associated with an increased binding of the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) subunits TARBP2 and AGO2, the ribosomal protein RPL5, and MYC mRNA, resulting in increased MYC transcript degradation. Collectively, these studies provide a rationale for the clinical translation of CX‐5461 as a novel therapeutic approach to target MYC in myeloma.
Change in Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence and Student Achievement: The Role of Intellectual Engagement
Authors: Hülür Gizem , Gasimova Fidan , Robitzsch Alexander , Wilhelm Oliver 
Published: March 2017

Intellectual engagement (IE) refers to enjoyment of intellectual activities and is proposed as causal for knowledge acquisition. The role of IE for cognitive development was examined utilizing 2‐year longitudinal data from 112 ninth graders (average baseline age: 14.7 years). Higher baseline IE predicted higher baseline crystallized ability but not changes therein, and was not associated with fluid ability. Furthermore, IE predicted change in school grades in language but not in mathematics grades or in standardized tests. These findings suggest that IE is not a major predictor of knowledge acquisition in adolescence, where degree of self‐determination in intellectual behaviors may be relatively limited. Open questions for future research are addressed, including reciprocal longitudinal associations between IE and academic and cognitive development.
Moral Luck and the Possibility of Agential Disjunctivism
Authors: Lockhart Jennifer Ryan , Lockhart Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMost presentations of the problem of moral luck invoke the notion of control, but little has been said about what control amounts to. We propose a necessary condition on an agent's having been in control of performing an action: that the agent's effort to perform the action ensured that the agent performed the action. The difficulty of satisfying this condition (or one like it) leads many on both sides of the moral luck debate to conclude that much of what we do is not within our control, and, at the limit, underpins agential skepticism, the view that no one has ever been in control of having performed an action in the external world. We propose a response to the agential skeptic modeled on the epistemological disjunctivist's response to the skeptic about perceptual experience. According to agential disjunctivism, the necessary condition on control can be met, thus undermining agential skepticism and one motivation for the problem of moral luck. Our view can be understood as resisting moral luck not by shrinking the domain of robust moral evaluation but by refusing to contract the realm of robust control.
Metabolic mediators of the impact of general and central adiposity measures on cardiovascular disease and mortality risks in older adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Kazempour‐Ardebili Sara , Ramezankhani Azra , Eslami Ali , Akbarpour Samaneh , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio and waist‐to‐height ratio, as well as the mediating factors through which they might exert their risk for cardiovascular disease/coronary heart disease and mortality events in the older Iranian population during a median follow up of 9.5 years.MethodsThe study population included participants, aged ≥65 years, free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. The confounder‐adjusted hazard ratio was calculated for a 1‐SD change in each anthropometric measure with and without adjustment for hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and hypertension.ResultsDuring the study follow up, 193 participants developed their first cardiovascular disease event and 183 deaths occurred. No association was found between cardiovascular disease/coronary heart disease and body mass index, even in the confounder‐adjusted models. Central adiposity measures showed a significant risk for cardiovascular disease events in the confounder‐adjusted model ranging from hazard ratio 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.33) for waist‐to‐hip ratio to 1.21 (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.42) for waist‐to‐height ratio. Adjustment for hypertension alone or in combination with other metabolic mediators attenuated the hazard ratio to null. Although hypercholesterolemia did not show any mediating effect of central adiposity measures for cardiovascular disease/coronary heart disease, hypertension was the most powerful mediator, accounting for 30–45% of the excess risk.ConclusionsCentral rather than general adiposity showed a significant role in determining cardiovascular disease/coronary heart disease risk. The harmful effect of central adiposity was completely attributable to mediators, especially hypertension. Clinical interventions for control of mediators focusing on hypertension should be emphasized. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2017–2024.
Monitoring of the bacterial communities of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) during pickling process
Authors: Xia Xuejuan , Ran Chunxia , Ye Xiujuan , Li Guannan , Kan Jianquan , Zheng Jiong 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe diversity and dynamics of the dominant bacterial communities arising during the pickling process of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) were investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis combined with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed only several kinds of halophilic bacteria during early sampling time (0−3 days). After pickling for 7 days, Lactococcus lactis significantly increased (P < 0.05, quantities were 6.39 × 105 copies μL−1) and became the first dominant bacterium. After pickling for 14 days, Weissella sp. bands appeared and quickly became dominant on the 21st day (4.07 × 106 copies μL−1). As maturation progressed, Lc. lactis decreased in intensity whereas Weissella sp. increased in intensity. Finally, the quantities of Weissella sp. (2.50 × 107 copies μL−1) became higher than those of Lc. lactis (1.43 × 107 copies μL−1) after pickling for 56 days. The pickling process was initiated by Lc. lactis, followed by Lc. lactis and Weissella sp., and was finally succeeded by Weissella sp.
Socially creative appraisals of rejection bolster ethnic migrants' subjective well‐being
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma K. , Paolini Stefania , Rubin Mark 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examined a proposition based on social identity theory that socially creative appraisals of rejection can boost the well‐being of strongly identifying ethnic migrants. We piloted this proposition amongst women (N = 80) and found that strong (but not weak) group identifiers who considered the positive views that society holds about their social identity reported higher subjective wellbeing (self‐esteem) relative to those who dwelt on rejection. In a subsequent field experiment (N = 179) conducted amongst ethnic migrants in London, we added a further social creativity treatment in which participants were encouraged to consider how they would view immigrants if they were native British (accommodation). Results revealed that the two social creativity mindsets (accommodation and positive) combined: (a) reduced perceptions of social rejection and increased optimism over the openness and fairness of society relative to a rejection mindset, (b) enhanced the self‐esteem of strongly (but not weakly) identified ethnic migrants, and (c) enhanced ethnic migrant's wellbeing by minimizing the recall of social rejection and by strengthening optimism over the host society's openness and fairness. Implications for social change are discussed.
Comparison of morning basal + 1 bolus insulin therapy (insulin glulisine + insulin glargine 300 U/mL vs insulin lispro + insulin glargine biosimilar) using continuous glucose monitoring: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Takeishi Soichi , Tsuboi Hiroki , Takekoshi Shodo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe compared the effects of morning administration of insulin glulisine + insulin glargine 300 U/mL (G + G300) with that of insulin lispro + insulin glargine biosimilar (L + GB).Materials and MethodsA total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes who wore a continuous glucose monitoring device on admission after glucose levels were stabilized by morning long‐acting and ultra‐rapid‐acting insulins were randomly allocated to groups who received G + G300 on days 1 and 2, and the same dose L + GB on days 3 and 4, or vice versa. Data collected on days 2 and 4 (mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, mean of daily differences: all days) were analyzed. Insulin was injected at 08.00 h. A day was defined as the period from 08.00 h one day, to 08.00 h the next day. Test meals were given.ResultsIncreased post‐breakfast glucose level, post‐breakfast glucose gradient, mean glucose level, standard deviation and M‐value (24 h, 00.00–06.00 h), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, and mean of daily differences were significantly lower in patients taking G + G300 than those taking L + GB (P ≤ 0.0001–0.04). The area over the glucose curve (<70 mg/dL) was not significantly different between groups. Pre‐lunch − pre‐breakfast glucose levels were significantly lower in patients taking L + GB than those taking G + G300 (P < 0.0001). The difference in the highest post‐breakfast glucose level between groups (Δ = G + G300 − L + GB) was significantly correlated to 24‐h mean glucose level (r = 0.40, P = 0.03).ConclusionsCompared with L + GB, G + G300 decreases post‐breakfast glucose level reducing rate of rise of that, nocturnal and 24‐h glucose variability and level without causing hypoglycemia, and daily variance.
Dermasence refining gel modulates pathogenetic factors of rosacea in vitro
Authors: Borelli C , Becker B , Thude S , Fehrenbacher B , Isermann D 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundOver the counter cosmetics sold for local treatment of slight to moderate rosacea often state the claim of actively modulating rosacea pathogenesis. Factors involved in the pathogenesis of this common yet complex skin disorder include kallikrein‐related peptidase 5 (KLK5), LL‐37, as well as protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).ObjectiveThe objective was to prove the modulating effect of the cosmetic skin care agent Dermasence Refining Gel (DRG) on factors involved in rosacea pathogenesis.MethodsWe analyzed the effect of DRG on the expression of KLK5, LL‐37, PAR2, and VEGF in an in vitro skin model of human reconstituted epidermis.ResultsThe expression of CAMP (LL‐37 gene, fold change −4.19 [±0.11]), VEGFA (fold change −2.55 [±0.12]) and PAR2 (−1.33 [±0.12]) was reduced, KLK5 expression increased (fold change 2.06 (±0.08)) after 18 h of treatment with DRG in comparison to treatment with the matrix gel only. The reduction in CAMP expression was significant (P<.01). The protein expression of all four inflammatory markers was markedly reduced after 18 hours of DRG treatment in comparison to baseline (0 hour), by measure of fluorescence intensity.ConclusionWe show evidence explaining the anti‐inflammatory effect of Dermasence Refining Gel in rosacea pathogenesis in vitro. The adjunctive use of DRG in mild to moderate rosacea as a topical cosmetic seems medically reasonable.
The antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of apigenin on glioblastoma cells
Authors: Stump Trevor A , Santee Brittany N , Williams Lauren P , Kunze Rachel A , Heinze Chelsae E , Huseman Eric D , Gryka Rebecca J , Simpson Denise S , Amos Samson 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly proliferative, infiltrative, malignant and the most deadly form of brain tumour. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed, amplified and mutated in GBM and has been shown to play key and important roles in the proliferation, growth and survival of this tumour. The goal of our study was to investigate the antiproliferative, apoptotic and molecular effects of apigenin in GBM.

Methods
Proliferation and viability tests were carried out using the trypan blue exclusion, MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Flow cytometry was used to examine the effects of apigenin on the cell cycle check-points. In addition, we determined the effects of apigenin on EGFR-mediated signalling pathways by Western blot analyses.

Key findings
Our results showed that apigenin reduced cell viability and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner while increasing cytotoxicity in GBM cells. Treatment with apigenin-induced is poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2M checkpoint. Furthermore, our data revealed that apigenin inhibited EGFR-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathways and attenuated the expression of Bcl-xL.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that apigenin has potent inhibitory effects on pathways involved in GBM proliferation and survival and could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for GBM.
Hypothyroidism is associated with all‐cause mortality in a national cohort of chronic haemodialysis patients
Authors: Lin Hsuan‐Jen , Lin Chung‐Chih , Lin Hsuan Ming , Chen Hsuan‐Ju , Lin Che‐Chen , Chang Chiz‐Tzung , Chou Che‐Yi , Huang Chiu‐Ching 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe prevalence of hypothyroidism is high in haemodialysis (HD) patients and hypothyroidism increases all‐cause mortality in HD patients. Comorbidities are common in HD patients and are associated with both mortality and hypothyroidism. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of the interactions of comorbidities and hypothyroidism on all‐cause mortality in HD patients.MethodPatients with hypothyroidism (ICD‐9‐CM 244.0, 244.1, and 244.9) and matched patients without hypothyroidism in the Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patient Database of Taiwan Health Insurance from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed. The association of hypothyroidism and risk of all‐cause mortality was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultNine hundred and eight HD patients with hypothyroidism and 3632 sex‐, age‐, gender‐ matched HD patients without hypothyroidism were analyzed. Hypothyroidism was associated with increased all‐cause mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.36, P < 0.001]. TRT may decrease mortality associated with hypothyroidism (P < 0.001). There was a significant interaction (P = 0.04) between diabetes and hypothyroidism. There was no significant interaction found in hypothyroidism and the following comorbidities: hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, asthma, congestive heart failure and cancer.ConclusionHypothyroidism is associated with increased all‐cause mortality in chronic HD patients. The interaction of hypothyroidism and diabetes, but not other common comorbidities in HD patients, has an effect on mortality risks.