bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltammetric Behavior of 1,4‐Dimethoxypillar[m]arene[n]quinones
Authors: Saba Hina , An Jianggen , Yang Yong , Xue Min , Liu Yongsong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of a series of 1,4‐dimethoxypillar[m]arene[n]quinones (DMP[m]A[n]Qs) and the interactions between individual quinone units have been investigated on glassy carbon electrode in acetonitrile. All the quinone units showed relative electron uptake behavior except 1,4‐dimethoxypillar[5]quinones (DMP[5]Q). The results have shown that the electrochemical behavior of the DMP[m]A[n]Qs is comparatively different from that of their related linear quinone analogues. The resultant properties were attributed to the close proximity of redox‐active sites as well as the delocalization of electrons on the aromatic rings. Another aspect to be considered responsible for their electronic properties was suggested to be the electrostatic repulsions between adjacent quinone units in these complex structures. Current studies provide a better understanding on the voltammetric behavior of pillararene derivatives with different numbers of quinone units as well as their future scope in certain future electrochemical applications.
Basic Consideration of Monte Carlo Algorithm to Solve Fluid Equations for SOL/divertor Plasmas
Authors: Tatsumi R. , Homma Y. , Yamoto S. , Hatayama A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMonte Carlo method is thought to be effective to solve fluid plasma equations for SOL/divertor plasmas, especially for three dimensional simulation. In the Monte Carlo algorithm based on a Lagrangian scheme, how to treat the Monte Carlo test particles at the calculation boundaries is not always trivial. In this paper, 1D diffusion equation with source terms has been solved with several different treatments of the boundaries in relatively a simple model. Comparison between the results and analytic solutions show that careful treatment of the boundary seems to be needed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of biofuel development on Malaysian agriculture: a comparative statics, multicommodity, multistage production, partial equilibrium approach
Authors: Jafari Yaghoob , Othman Jamal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn light of the move toward a low carbon economy, Malaysia is currently promoting the production of palm oil‐based biodiesel. This study develops a multicommodity, multistage, comparative static, partial equilibrium model for the Malaysian agricultural sector to be used to examine the impact of shifts in domestic demand for palm oil‐based biofuel on the Malaysian agricultural sector. The model links explicitly factor markets, related outputs, and consumer preferences for biofuels. Model results demonstrate a clear converse relationship between the variables representing the competing activities within the same sector. An increase in domestic biofuel demand leads to an increase in biofuel output and primary factor uses while the outputs of competing uses, especially food and other non‐food products decline markedly.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: CEOs’ Careers: Emerging Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Koyuncu Burak , Hamori Monika , Baruch Yehuda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe field of career studies is increasing in prominence and relevance for modern life in general and working life in particular.CEOs’ careers, especially, have received growing attention because their impact goes far beyond their personal sphere. Not surprisingly, this topic has been at the intersection of multiple literatures. In this introduction for the special issue onCEOs’ careers, we first review the different perspectives in studyingCEOs’ careers, and then offer several directions to integrate those multiple perspectives. The articles in this special issue not only provide us with comprehensive new knowledge onCEOs’ careers, but also represent valuable examples of how to integrate different perspectives on this topic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Searching events in AFM force‐extension curves: A wavelet approach
Authors: Benítez R. , Bolós V. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn algorithm, based on the wavelet scalogram energy, for automatically detecting events in force‐extension AFM force spectroscopy experiments is introduced. The events to be detected are characterized by a discontinuity in the signal. It is shown how the wavelet scalogram energy has different decay rates at different points depending on the degree of regularity of the signal, showing faster decay rates at regular points and slower rates at singular points (jumps). It is shown that these differences produce peaks in the scalogram energy plot at the event points. Finally, the algorithm is illustrated in a tether analysis experiment by using it for the detection of events in the AFM force‐extension curves susceptible to being considered tethers. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:153–159, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maghemite nanoparticle‐decorated hollow fiber electromembrane extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of thymol from Carum copticum
Authors: Khajeh Mostafa , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig , Bohlooli Mousa , Barkhordar Afsaneh , Ghaffari‐Moghaddam Mansour 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDA novel technique using maghemite nanoparticle‐decorated hollow fibers to assist electromembrane extraction is proposed. Electromembrane extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (EME‐DLLME) was applied for the extraction of thymol from Carum copticum, followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC‐FID).RESULTSThe use of maghemite nanoparticle‐decorated hollow fibers was found to improve the extraction efficiency of thymol significantly. Important operational parameters, including pH of acceptor phase, extraction time, voltage and temperature, were investigated and optimized. At the optimal conditions, linearity in the range 4–1800 µg L−1 with a determination coefficient of 0.9996 was obtained. The limit of detection was 0.11 µg L−1 (S/N = 3) and the pre‐concentration factor was 200. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was 5.9 and 2.2% respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy was higher than 93.6%.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that EME‐DLLME/GC‐FID is a useful technique for the extraction and determination of thymol in C copticum. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Collocation discretization for an integral equation in ocean acoustics with depth‐dependent speed of sound
Authors: Lechleiter Armin , Rienmüller Tobias 
Published: July 2016

We analyze two collocation schemes for the Helmholtz equation with depth‐dependent sonic wave velocity, modeling time‐harmonic acoustic wave propagation in a three‐dimensional inhomogeneous ocean of finite height. Both discretization schemes are derived from a periodized version of the Lippmann‐Schwinger integral equation that equivalently describes the sound wave. The eigenfunctions of the corresponding periodized integral operator consist of trigonometric polynomials in the horizontal variables and eigenfunctions to some Sturm‐Liouville operator linked to the background profile of the sonic wave velocity in the vertical variable. Applying an interpolation projection onto a space spanned by finitely many of these eigenfunctions to either the unknown periodized wave field or the integral operator yields two different collocation schemes. A convergence estimate of Sloan [J. Approx. Theory, 39:97–117, 1983] on non‐polynomial interpolation allows to show converge of both schemes, together with algebraic convergence rates depending on the smoothness of the inhomogeneity and the source. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A standardized production pipeline for high profile targets fromMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Milewski Morlin C. , Broger Tobias , Kirkpatrick Joanna , Filomena Angela , Komadina Dana , Schneiderhan‐Marra Nicole , Wilmanns Matthias , Parret Annabel H. A. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeTuberculosis is still a major threat to global health. New tools and strategies to produce disease‐related proteins are quintessential for the development of novel vaccines and diagnostic markers.Experimental designTo obtain recombinant proteins fromMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) for use in clinical applications, a standardized procedure was developed that includes subcloning, protein expression inMycobacterium smegmatisand protein purification using chromatography. The potential for the different protein targets to serve as diagnostic markers for tuberculosis was established using multiplex immunoassays.ResultsTwelve soluble proteins from Mtb, including one protein complex, were purified to near‐homogeneity following recombinant expression inM. smegmatis. Protein purity was assessed both by size exclusion chromatography and MS. Multiplex serological testing of the final protein preparations showed that all but one protein displayed a clear antibody response in serum samples from 278 tuberculosis patients.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe established workflow comprises a simple, cost‐effective, and scalable pipeline for production of soluble proteins from Mtb and can be used to prioritize immunogenic proteins suitable for use as diagnostic markers.
Teleocidin A2 inhibits human proteinase‐activated receptor 2 signaling in tumor cells
Authors: Stahn Sonja , Thelen Lisa , Albrecht Ina‐Maria , Bitzer Jens , Henkel Thomas , Teusch Nicole Elisabeth 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnhanced expression of the proteinase‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is linked to cell proliferation and migration in many cancer cell types. The role of PAR2 in cancer progression strongly illustrates the need for PAR2‐inhibiting compounds. However, to date, potent and selective PAR2 antagonists have not been reported. The natural product teleocidin A2 was characterized against PAR2‐activating peptide SLIGKV‐NH2, and trypsin‐induced PAR2‐dependent intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in tumor and in primary endothelial or epithelial cells. Further biochemical and cell‐based studies were conducted to evaluate teleocidin specificity. The antagonizing effect of teleocidin A2 was confirmed in PAR2‐dependent cell migration and rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton of human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA‐MB 231) breast cancer cells. Teleocidin A2 antagonizes PAR2‐dependent intracellular Ca2+ mobilization induced by either SLIGKV‐NH2 or trypsin with IC50 values from 15 to 25 nmol/L in MDA‐MB 231, lung carcinoma cell line, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Half maximal inhibition of either PAR1 or P2Y receptor‐dependent Ca2+ release is only achieved with 10‐ to 20‐fold higher concentrations of teleocidin A2. In low nanomolar concentrations, teleocidin A2 reverses both SLIGKV‐NH2 and trypsin‐mediated PAR2‐dependent migration of MDA‐MB 231 cells, and has no effect itself on cell migration and no effect on cell viability. Teleocidin A2 further controls PAR2‐induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangement of MDA‐MB 231 cells. Thus, for the first time, the small molecule natural product teleocidin A2 exhibiting PAR2 antagonism in the low nanomolar range with potent antimigratory activity is described.
Ribosomal binding and antibacterial activity of ethylene glycol‐bridged apidaecin Api137 and oncocin Onc112 conjugates
Authors: Goldbach Tina , Knappe Daniel , Reinsdorf Christoph , Berg Thorsten , Hoffmann Ralf 
Published: July 2016

Recent surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance predict the beginning of the post‐antibiotic era with pan‐resistant bacteria even overcoming polymyxin as the last available treatment option. Thus, new substances using novel modes of antimicrobial action are urgently needed to reduce this health threat. Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune system of most vertebrates and invertebrates and accepted as valid substances for antibiotic drug development efforts. Especially, short proline‐rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMP) of insect origin have been optimized for activity against Gram‐negative strains. They inhibit protein expression in bacteria by blocking the 70S ribosome exit tunnel (oncocin‐type) or the assembly of the 50S subunit (apidaecin‐type binding). Thus, apidaecin analog Api137 and oncocin analog Onc112 supposedly bind to different nearby or possibly partially overlapping binding sites. Here, we synthesized Api137/Onc112‐conjugates bridged by ethylene glycol spacers of different length to probe synergistic activities and binding modes. Indeed, the antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa improved for some constructs, although the conjugates did not bind better to the 70S ribosome of E. coli than Api137 and Onc112 using 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein‐labelled Api137 and Onc112 in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay.In conclusion, Api137/Onc112‐conjugates showed increased antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa and PrAMP‐susceptible and ‐resistant E. coli most likely because of improved membrane interactions, whereas the interaction to the 70S ribosome was most likely not improved relying still on the independent apidaecin‐ and oncocin‐type binding modes. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of non‐coding RNAs in viral infections
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Singh Sunit K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe advances in RNA sequencing have unveiled various non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which modulate the gene expression. ncRNAs do not get translated into proteins. These include transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA, long non‐coding RNA, piwi‐interacting RNA and small nuclear RNA. ncRNAs regulate gene expression at various levels and control cellular machinery. miRNAs have been reported in plants, animals, several invertebrates and viruses. The miRNAs regulate the gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Viral infection strongly influences the abundance and the distribution of miRNAs and other ncRNAs within the host cells. Viruses may encode their own miRNA, which help in the viral life cycle and other aspects of pathogenesis. Viruses are known to successfully modulate the expression pattern of ncRNAs. The ncRNA‐based strategies adopted by viruses for their survival present a complex picture of host–virus interactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZrCl4 Catalysed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocarbocyclic Oxindoles via [4+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Kumar Kapil , Siddique Julekha , Gangar Mukesh , Goyal Sandeep , Rawal Ravindra K. , Nair Vipin A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSpirocarbocyclic‐oxindole is priviledged scaffold in heterocyclic chemistry, which paved the attention of synthetic chemist due to generation of a new stereocenter. Numerous methodologies have been developed for spirooxindoles but very few methods are available for carbocyclic oxindoles. Most of the reported cycloaddition reactions are five membered rings instead of six membered rings, tethered with oxindole scaffold. Lewis acid catalysed Diels Alder reaction is a comparatively better approach to functionalize this unique scaffold. An efficient diastereoselective synthesis of spirocarbocyclic‐oxindoles with six membered cabocyclic backbone was achieved via ZrCl4 catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of α‐ylideneoxindoles with dienes in good to excellent yields within a short span of time.
Regioselectivity in Acetylation of Cellulose in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Abe Mitsuru , Sugimura Kazuki , Nishio Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDistribution of substituents on the anhydroglucose unit of cellulose (at C2, C3 and C6 positions) is one of the important topics in the derivatization chemistry, but the regioselectivity control is generally difficult. In this report, we exemplified that cellulose acetates having a similar total degree of substitution (∼2.3) were obtained in the relevant derivatization but regioselectivity (C6 > C3 > C2, C2 > C6 > C3, C6 > C2 > C3, or C6 > C3=C2) by a simple one‐pot reaction (25 °C; 3 h) with acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride in various ionic liquids (ILs). The order of the regional degree of substitution associated with the C2 and C3 positions was successfully correlated with the variation of anion species incident to the acetylating reagent‐IL combination. In the use of acetyl chloride, the observed difference in the substituent distribution was attributable to whether a pre‐reaction between the in‐fed reagent and the anion moiety of the solvent IL was possible or not.
Concise Review: Perspectives and Clinical Implications of Bone Marrow and Circulating Stem Cell Defects in Diabetes
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Ciciliot Stefano , Albiero Mattia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex systemic disease characterized by severe morbidity and excess mortality. The burden of its multiorgan complications relies on an imbalance between hyperglycemic cell damage and defective endogenous reparative mechanisms. Inflammation and abnormalities in several hematopoietic components are typically found in diabetes. The discovery that diabetes reduces circulating stem/progenitor cells and impairs their function has opened an entire new field of study where diabetology comes into contact with hematology and regenerative medicine. It is being progressively recognized that such rare circulating cell populations mirror finely regulated processes involved in hematopoiesis, immunosurveillance, and peripheral tissue homeostasis. From a clinical perspective, pauperization of circulating stem cells predicts adverse outcomes and death. Furthermore, studies in murine models and humans have identified the bone marrow (BM) as a previously neglected site of diabetic end-organ damage, characterized by microangiopathy, neuropathy, fat deposition, and inflammation. As a result, diabetes impairs the mobilization of BM stem/progenitor cells, a defect known as mobilopathy or myelokathexis, with negative consequences for physiologic hematopoiesis, immune regulation, and tissue regeneration. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that govern the BM stem cell niche, cell mobilization, and kinetics in peripheral tissues may uncover new therapeutic strategies for patients with diabetes. This concise review summarizes the current knowledge on the interplay between the BM, circulating stem cells, and diabetes, and sets the stages for future developments in the field.
Abstract Video Link: https://youtu.be/n57R4BIYYcs
Plasma clusterin levels and risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke
Authors: Weinstein Galit , Beiser Alexa S. , Preis Sarah R. , Courchesne Paul , Chouraki Vincent , Levy Daniel , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionGenetic variation in the clusterin gene has been associated with Alzheimer Disease (AD), and the clusterin protein is thought to play a mechanistic role. We explored the associations of clusterin plasma levels with incident dementia, AD, and stroke.MethodsPlasma clusterin was assessed in 1532 nondemented participants from the Framingham Study Offspring cohort between 1998 and 2001 (mean age, 69 ± 6; 53% women). We related clusterin levels to risk of incident dementia, AD, and stroke using Cox‐proportional hazards models and examined potential interactions.ResultsA significant interaction of plasma clusterin levels with age was observed. Clusterin was significantly associated with increased risk of dementia among elderly persons (>80 years; hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval = 6.25, 1.64–23.89; P = .007) and with decreased risk of dementia (HR = 0.53, 0.32–0.88; P = .013) and stroke (HR = 0.78, 0.63–0.97; P = .029) among younger participants.DiscussionThe association between plasma clusterin levels and risk of dementia and stroke may be modified by age or an age‐related factor.
Supporting hurricane inventory management decisions with consumer demand estimates
Authors: Morrice Douglas J. , Cronin Paul , Tanrisever Fehmi , Butler John C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMatching supply and demand can be very challenging for anyone attempting to provide goods or services during the threat of a natural disaster. In this paper, we consider inventory allocation issues faced by a retailer during a hurricane event and provide insights that can be applied to humanitarian operations during slow‐onset events. We start with an empirical analysis using regression that triangulates three sources of information: a large point‐of‐sales data set from a Texas Gulf Coast retailer, the retailer's operational and logistical constraints, and hurricane forecast data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC). We establish a strong association between the timing of the hurricane weather forecast, the forecasted landfall position of the storm, and hurricane sales. Storm intensity is found to have a weaker association on overall inventory decisions. Using the results of the empirical analysis and the NHC forecast data, we construct a state‐space model of demand during the threat of a hurricane and develop an inventory management model to satisfy consumer demand prior to a hurricane making landfall. Based on the structure of the problem, we model this situation as a two‐stage, two‐location inventory allocation model from a centralized distribution center that balances transportation, shortage and holding costs. The model is used to explore the role of recourse, i.e., deferring part of the inventory allocation until observing the state of the hurricane as it moves towards landfall. Our approach provides valuable insights into the circumstances under which recourse may or may not be worthwhile in any setting where an anticipated extreme event drives consumer demand.
Evaluating information diffusion speed and its determinants in social media networks during humanitarian crises
Authors: Yoo Eunae , Rand William , Eftekhar Mahyar , Rabinovich Elliot 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe rapid diffusion of information is critical to combat the extreme levels of uncertainty and complexity that surround disaster relief operations. As a means of gathering and sharing information, humanitarian organizations are becoming increasingly reliant on social media platforms based on the Internet. In this paper, we present a field study that examines how effectively information diffuses through social media networks embedded in these platforms. Using a large dataset from Twitter during Hurricane Sandy, we first applied Information Diffusion Theory to characterize diffusion rates. Then, we empirically examined the impact of key elements on information propagation rates on social media. Our results revealed that internal diffusion through social media networks advances at a significantly higher speed than information in these networks coming from external sources. This finding is important because it suggests that social media networks are effective at passing information along during humanitarian crises that require urgent information diffusion. Our results also indicate that dissemination rates depend on the influence of those who originate the information. Moreover, they suggest that information posted earlier during a disaster exhibits a significantly higher speed of diffusion than information that is introduced later during more eventful stages in the disaster. This is because, over time, participation in the diffusion of information declines as more and more communications compete for attention among users.