bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endurance Times for Trunk-Stabilization Exercises in Healthy Women: Comparing 3 Kinds of Trunk-Flexor Exercises
Authors: Chen Lu-Wen , Bih Liu-Ing , Ho Chi-Chung , Huang Mao-Hsuing , Chen Chin-Tien , Wei Ta-Sen 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:To establish isometric endurance times for trunk-stabilization exercises in 6 different positions and compare 3 kinds of trunk-flexor exercises.Participants:28 healthy young women with no history of disabling back pain.Design:Isometric endurance times were measured in 6 tests: 60° flexor, 45° flexor, curl-up, extensor, and left- and right-side-bridge exercises.Results:The mean endurance time was 375 ± 252 seconds for the 60° flexor test; 101 ± 51 seconds, 45° flexor test; 107 ± 54 seconds, curl-up test; 158 ± 45 seconds, extensor test; 70 ± 23 seconds, left-side-bridge test; and 68 ± 23 seconds, right-side-bridge test.Conclusions:Of the 3 flexor exercises, the 60° exercise was time consuming and had a larger variance. The 45° flexor exercise and curl-up exercise were time effective and showed less variance. The curl-up exercise is easy, convenient, and representative of trunk-flexor effort and can be considered a preferable alternative to the 60° flexor exercise.
Reliability of Intratester and Intertester Measurements Derived from an Instrumented Ankle Arthrometer
Authors: Hubbard Tricia J. , Kovaleski John E. , Kaminski Thomas W. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Measurement reliability is critical when new sports-medicine devices or techniques are developed.Objective:To determine the reliability of laxity measurements obtained from an instrumented ankle arthrometer.Design:Intratester reliability was examined using a test–retest design, and intertester reliability was assessed using the measurements recorded by 2 different examiners on a separate group of participants.Setting:Sports-medicine research laboratory.Participants:40 participants with no history of ankle injury, equally divided across the 2 studies.Measurements:Laxity measurements included anteroposterior (AP) displacement during loading to 125 N. Inversion–eversion (I–E) rotation was tested during loading to 4000 N-mm. The measures were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and dependentttests.Results:Good to excellent ICCs (.80–.99) for intratester and intertester reliability. A significant difference in measures was observed between testers for both AP displacement and I–E rotation.Conclusions:Laxity measurements from an instrumented ankle arthrometer are reliable across test days and examiners
Shoulder-Rotator Strength of High School Swimmers Over the Course of a Competitive Season
Authors: Ramsi Martin , Swanik Kathleen A. , Swanik Charles “Buz” , Straub Steve , Mattacola Carl 
Published: August 2016

Context:Changes in strength over the course of a swim season could predispose the shoulder to strength imbalances and lead to injury.Objective:To examine isometric shoulder internal- (IR) and external-rotator (ER) strength in high school swimmers over a 12-week competitive season.Design:Three 3 × 2 × 2 ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to determine significant main effects for IR, ER, and IR:ER strength ratio.Participants:27 (14 female, 13 male) high school varsity swimmers.Main Outcome Measures:IR and ER strength during preseason, midseason, and postseason.Results:Significant increases in IR strength in both groups were revealed for all test sessions. ER strength significantly improved in both males and females from preseason to midseason and from preseason to postseason. IR:ER ratio revealed a significant increase from preseason to postseason.Conclusions:Increases in IR strength without equal gains in ER strength were revealed and could contribute to future shoulder pathologies in competitive swimmers
Effects of Altering Intensity during 1-MHz Ultrasound Treatment on Increasing Triceps Surae Temperature
Authors: Burr Phillip O. , Demchak Timothy J. , Cordova Mitchell L. , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Stone Marcus B. 
Published: August 2016

Context:It has been suggested that to obtain optimal physiological effects of heating, musculoskeletal temperature (TEMP) should be elevated 3 °C above baseline and maintained for at least 5 min.Objective:To identify a multi-intensity ultrasound protocol that will achieve optimal heating.Design:1 × 2 between-subjects.Setting:Sports-injury research laboratory.Participants:20 healthy volunteers.Interventions:A 2.5-min treatment at 2.4 W/cm2 immediately followed by a 7.5-min treatment at 1.0 W/cm2 (T1) and a 10-min treatment at 1.5 W/cm2 (T2).Outcome Measures:TEMP change during the first 2.5 min of ultrasound treatment (°C), time the TEMP was ≥3 °C above baseline during and after the treatment.Results:T1 increased TEMP during the first 2.5 min of the ultrasound treatment (3.22 ± 1.25 °C) more than T2 did (1.68 ± 0.72 °C). No difference was found for the remaining measures.Conclusions:The multi-intensity protocol (2.4 W/cm2 and 1.0 W/cm2) did not result in optimal heating.
Sex Differences in Eccentric Hip-Abductor Strength and Knee-Joint Kinematics When Landing from a Jump
Authors: Jacobs Cale , Mattacola Carl 
Published: August 2016

Context:Decelerating movements such as landing from a jump have been proposed to be a common mechanism of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Objective:To compare eccentric hip-abductor strength and kinematics of landing between men and women when performing a hopping task.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients:18 healthy subjects (10 women, 8 men).Main Outcome Measures:Eccentric peak torque of the hip abductors and peak knee-joint angles during a 350-millisecond interval after impact.Results:No significant sex differences were present, but there was a significant inverse relationship between women's eccentric peak torque and peak knee-valgus angle (r = –.61, P = .03).Conclusions:Women with larger eccentric peak torque demonstrated lower peak knee-valgus angles. By not reaching as large of a valgus angle, there is potentially less stress on the ACL. Increasing eccentric hip-abductor strength might improve knee-joint kinematics during landing from a jump.
Effect of Posterior Capsule Tightness on Glenohumeral Translation in the Late-Cocking Phase of Pitching
Authors: Clabbers Kim M. , Kelly John D. , Bader Dov , Eager Matthew , Imhauser Carl , Siegler Sorin , Moyer Ray A. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Throwing injuries.Objective:To study the effects of posterior capsule tightness on humeral head position in late cocking simulation.Design:Eight fresh frozen shoulders were placed in position of “late cocking,” 90 degrees abduction, and 10 degrees adduction and maximal external rotation. 3D measurements of humeral head relationship to the glenoid were taken with an infrared motion sensor, both before and after suture plication of the posterior capsule. Plications of 20% posterior/inferior capsule and 20% entire posterior capsule were performed, followed by plications of 40% of the posterior/inferior capsule and 40% entire posterior capsule.Setting:Cadaver Lab.Intervention:Posterior capsular placation.Main Outcome Measures:Humeral head position.Results:40%, but not 20%, posterior/inferior and posterior plications demonstrated a trend to increased posterior-superior humeral head translation relative to controls.Conclusion:Surgically created posterior capsular tightness of the glenohumeral joint demonstrated a nonsignificant trend to increased posterior/superior humeral head translation in the late cocking position of throwing.
A Comparison of Two Thera-Band Training Rehabilitation Protocols on Postural Control
Authors: Puls Alecia , Gribble Phillip 
Published: August 2016

Context:Thera-Band™ (TB) exercises are commonly utilized in ankle rehabilitation, but previous studies have shown inconsistent results.Objective:To compare two TB protocols among healthy subjects in improving postural control.Design:Mixed model design.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:Thirty healthy subjects divided into a control (CON), three times/week (TB3) or five times/week (TB5) group.Intervention:Training groups completed TB quick-kick protocols for six weeks either three (TB3) or five times (TB5) per week.Main Outcome Measure:Center of pressure velocity in the anterior/posterior (COPVX) and medial/lateral (COPVY) directions.Results:There were no differences related to Group or Side. COPVX in the eyes open (EO) condition increased pre-post. COPVY decreased pre-post.Conclusion:The lack of differences between Groups and Side indicates these specific TB training protocols did not impact static postural control differently among healthy subjects.
A Reversal Theory Analysis of Psychological Responses during Sports Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Thatcher Joanne , Kerr John , Amies Kristy , Day Melissa 
Published: August 2016

Context:Few studies have examined psychological and emotional processes in injury rehabilitation from a longitudinal, theoretically framed perspective.Objective:This study explored the applicability of Reversal Theory to examine these processes.Setting:University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK.Participants:Three severely injured athletes; two were female (karate and judo) and one was male (hockey), aged 20 to 28.Main Outcome Measures:Fortnightly interviews after participant’s initial consultation with a sports therapist, until complete physical rehabilitation.Results:Supported the use of Reversal Theory in this context (eg, as a means of understanding the origins of athletes’ emotional responses to injury and changes in these responses throughout rehabilitation).Conclusions:Suggestions for future research are made (eg, examining the consequences of emotional and metamotivational states for athlete behavior and recovery outcomes during rehabilitation).
Anterior Shoulder Laxity Is Not Correlated with Medial Elbow Laxity in High School Baseball Players
Authors: Friscia Brian A. , Hammill Robert R. , McGuire Brian A. , Hertel Jay N. , Ingersoll Christopher D. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Uninjured baseball players have been shown to have increased anterior glenohumeral joint laxity, which may result in adaptive changes at the medial elbow.Objective:To determine the relationship between anterior shoulder laxity and medial elbow laxity in both arms of baseball and nonbaseball high school athletes and compare the laxity of dominant and nondominant shoulders and elbows of high school baseball and nonbaseball players.Design:Cohort design.Setting:Local high schools.Participants:Thirty healthy high school male athletes.Outcome Measures:Anterior shoulder and medial elbow laxity measurements were taken bilaterally with the Ligmaster™.Results:Dominant and nondominant shoulder laxity was significantly greater in the nonbaseball players than the baseball players. No other significant relationships existed.Conclusions:High school baseball players exhibit less anterior shoulder laxity than do nonbaseball players. No relationship exists between anterior shoulder and medial elbow laxity in high school baseball players.
Neural Gliding Techniques for the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: McKeon Jennifer M. Medina , Yancosek Kathleen E. 
Published: August 2016

Context:There are discrepancies regarding the efficacy of neural gliding exercises for the management of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Objective:To conduct a systematic review assessing the efficacy of neural gliding in comparison to alternative nonsurgical treatment for the management of CTS.Evidence Acquisition:A computerized search was performed in April 2008. Criteria for inclusion required that studies (1) were written in English, (2) examined the efficacy of neural gliding techniques for treatment of CTS, and (3) included at least one of the selected patient-oriented outcomes. Effect sizes, relative risk, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare neural gliding to alternative treatment.Evidence Synthesis:Six studies met inclusion criteria. For all variables, none were consistently favorable toward neural gliding over alternative treatment. However, comparisons across studies revealed a possible trend toward improved outcomes with the use neural gliding.Conclusions:The efficacy of neural gliding is not clear. More research is necessary to determine the population that may respond optimally to this treatment.
Kinematic Predictors of Performance on the Star Excursion Balance Test
Authors: Robinson Richard , Gribble Phillip 
Published: August 2016

Context:The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is composed of 8 reaching directions that are potentially measuring the same functional component, leading to the suggestion that the number of reach directions could be reduced without compromising the assessment of dynamic postural control.Objective:To determine whether the relationship of stance-leg angular displacement on normalized reach distance is a source of dynamic-postural-control measurement redundancy.Design:Single-session within-subjects design.Setting:Athletic training research laboratory.Participants:10 women and 10 men.Interventions:None.Main Outcome Measures:Normalized reach distance and angular displacement at the knee and hip.Results:Stepwise regression revealed that hip flexion and knee flexion, separately and in combination, accounted for 62% to 95% of the variance in reach distances.Conclusion:Similarity in lower extremity function could account for the previously observed measurement redundancy in the SEBT.
The Effects of Gender and Fatigue on Dynamic Postural Control
Authors: Gribble Phillip A. , Robinson Richard H. , Hertel Jay , Denegar Craig R. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Deficits in static postural control related to fatigue have been investigated previously, but there is little evidence to link fatigue to performance measures of dynamic postural control.Objective:To investigate the effects of fatigue and gender on performance measures of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).Design:Mixed-model design.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:16 healthy young adults.Intervention:Subjects performed the SEBT before and after 4 different fatiguing conditions.Main Outcome Measures:The normalized reach distances and sagittal-plane kinematics of the knee and hip were recorded.Results:Fatigue produced deficits in normalized reach distances and decreased knee flexion in all 3 reaching directions. Overall, women were able to reach farther than men while simultaneously demonstrating a greater amount of knee flexion.Conclusions:Gender differences were observed during performance of the SEBT, with women demonstrating greater reach distances and knee flexion, and fatigue amplified these differences.
The Effects of 6-Week Training Programs on Throwing Accuracy, Proprioception, and Core Endurance in Baseball
Authors: Lust Kathleen R. , Sandrey Michelle A. , Bulger Sean M. , Wilder Nathan 
Published: August 2016

Context:With a limited number of outcomes-based studies, only recommendations for strength-training and rehabilitation programs can be made.Objective:To determine the extent to which throwing accuracy, core stability, and proprioception improved after completion of a 6-week training program that included open kinetic chain (OKC), closed kinetic chain (CKC), and/or core-stability exercises.Design:A 2 × 3 factorial design.Setting:Division III college.Participants:19 healthy baseball athletes with a control group of 15.Interventions:Two 6-week programs including OKC, CKC, and core-stabilization exercises that were progressed each week.Main Outcome Measures:Functional throwing-performance index, closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test, back-extensor test, 45° abdominal-fatigue test, and right- and left-side bridging test.Results:There was no significant difference between groups. An increase was evident in all pretest-to-posttest results, with improvement ranging from 1.36% to 140%.Conclusion:Both of the 6-week training programs could be used to increase throwing accuracy, core stability, and proprioception in baseball.
Influence of External Ankle Support on Lower Extremity Joint Mechanics During Drop Landings
Authors: Cordova Mitchell L. , Takahashi Yosuke , Kress Gregory M. , Brucker Jody B. , Finch Alfred E. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To investigate the effects of external ankle support (EAS) on lower extremity joint mechanics and vertical ground-reaction forces (VGRF) during drop landings.Design:A 1 × 3 repeated-measures, crossover design.Setting:Biomechanics research laboratory.Patients:13 male recreationally active basketball players (age 22.3 ± 2.2 y, height 177.5 ± 7.5 cm, mass 72.2 ± 11.4 kg) free from lower extremity pathology for the 12 mo before the study.Interventions:Subjects performed a 1-legged drop landing from a standardized height under 3 different ankle-support conditions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip, knee, and ankle angular displacement along with specific temporal (TGRFz1, TGRFz2; s) and spatial (GRFz1, GRFz2; body-weight units [BW]) characteristics of the VGRF vector were measured during a drop landing.Results:The tape condition (1.08 ± 0.09 BW) demonstrated less GRFz1 than the control (1.28 ± 0.16 BW) and semirigid conditions (1.28 ± 0.21 BW; P < .0001), and GRFz2 was unaffected. For TGRFz1, no-support displayed slower time (0.017 ± 0.004 s) than the semirigid (0.014 ± 0.001 s) and tape conditions (0.014 ± 0.002 s; P < .05). For TGRFz2, no-support displayed slower time (0.054 ±.006 s) than the semirigid (0.050 ± 0.006 s) and tape conditions (0.045 ± 0.004 s; P < .05). Semirigid bracing was slower than the tape condition, as well (P < .05). Ankle-joint displacement was less in the tape (34.6° ± 7.7°) and semirigid (36.8° ± 9.3°) conditions than in no-support (45.7° ± 7.3°; P < .05). Knee-joint displacement was larger in the no-support (45.1° ± 9.0°) than in the semirigid (42.6° ± 6.8°; P < .05) condition. Tape support (43.8° ± 8.7°) did not differ from the semirigid condition (P > .05). Hip angular displacement was not affected by EAS (F2,24 = 1.47, P = .25).Conclusions:EAS reduces ankle- and knee-joint displacement, which appear to influence the spatial and temporal characteristics of GRFz1 during drop landings.
The Effects of Jump-Rope Training on Shoulder Isokinetic Strength in Adolescent Volleyball Players
Authors: Duzgun Irem , Baltaci Gul , Colakoglu Filiz , Tunay Volga Bayrakci , Ozer Derya 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To investigate the effect of a 12-wk weighted-jump-rope training program on shoulder strength.Design:Pretest to posttest experimental design.Setting:University sports physiotherapy laboratory.Participants:24 healthy volleyball players age 13-16 y.Intervention:Group 1 took weighted-rope training (n = 9), group 2 took unweighted-rope training (n = 8), and group 3 did not train with any specific program (n = 7).Main Outcome Measures:Players’ strength determined with an isokinetic dynamometer (Isomed 2000) at 180 and 60°/s on external and internal rotators, supraspinatus peak torque, and total work of the dominant shoulder. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to determine the difference among the groups.Results:At pretraining evaluation, there were no significant differences in the test scores of the isokinetic test of full can and empty can between the groups at 60 and 180°/s. There was no statistically significant difference for 60 and 180°/s between pretraining and posttraining assessment (P > .05) except that total eccentric work increased in groups 1 and 3 but decreased in group 2 at 180°/s during the full can (P < .05). There was no significant difference among the groups between the pretraining and posttraining testing at both 180 and 60°/s for the empty can (P > .05). Internal-rotation values at 60 and 180°/s decreased for both peak torque and total work for all groups. External-rotation peak torque and total work at 60°/s increased for group 1. External-rotation peak torque and total work at 180°/s increased for all groups.Conclusions:The results indicate that a jump-rope training program is a good conditioning method for overhead athletes because of its potential benefits to shoulder strength.
Effect of High-Voltage Pulsed Current on Recovery After Grades I and II Lateral Ankle Sprains
Authors: Mendel Frank C. , Dolan Michael G. , Fish Dale R. , Marzo John , Wilding Gregory E. 
Published: August 2016

Context:High-voltage pulsed current (HVPC), a form of electrical stimulation, is known to curb edema formation in laboratory animals and is commonly applied for ankle sprains, but the clinical effects remain undocumented.Objective:To determine whether, as an adjunct to routine acute and subacute care, subsensory HVPC applied nearly continuously for the first 72 h after lateral ankle sprains affected time lost to injury.Design:Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Setting:Data were collected at 9 colleges and universities and 1 professional training site.Participants:50 intercollegiate and professional athletes.Interventions:Near-continuous live or placebo HVPC for 72 h postinjury in addition to routine acute and subacute care.Main Outcome Measure:Time lost to injury measured from time of injury until declared fit to play.Results:Overall, time lost to injury was not different between treated and control groups (P = .55). However, grade of injury was a significant factor. Time lost to injury after grade I lateral ankle sprains was greater for athletes receiving live HVPC than for those receiving placebo HVPC (P = .049), but no differences were found between groups for grade II sprains (P = .079).Conclusions:Application of subsensory HVPC had no clinically meaningful effect on return to play after lateral ankle sprain.
Upper Extremity Injury History, Current Pain Rating, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Female Softball Pitchers
Authors: Sauers Eric L. , Dykstra Danelle L. , Bay R. Curtis , Bliven Kellie Huxel , Snyder Alison R. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Throwing-related arm injuries are common in softball pitchers and may lead to diminished health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Arm symptoms such as pain have been reported to be more common in healthy overhead athletes than nonoverhead athletes. Furthermore, more frequent shoulder symptoms and lower shoulder function have been demonstrated in athletes with self-reported history of shoulder injury.Objective:To evaluate the relationship between arm injury history, current pain rating, and HRQOL assessed via 2 region-specific patient self-report scales in high school and college softball pitchers.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:High school and college athletic training facilities.Participants:25 female softball pitchers (10 high school, 15 college; 18 ± 2 y, 169 ± 7.6 cm, 67.5 ± 10.3 kg).Intervention:Self-reported arm injury history and rating of current pain and HRQOL were collected during the late season.Main Outcome Measures:A self-report questionnaire of arm injury history and current pain rating was used, and HRQOL was assessed via 2 region-specific scales: the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers© (FAST©). Correlational analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between arm injury history, current pain rating, and the DASH total score and sport module and the FAST total score, pitching module, and subscales.Results:A history of arm injury from throwing was reported by 64% of participants, 31% of whom had to cease activity for more than 10 d. The most common site of arm time-loss injury was the shoulder (81%). Mild to severe shoulder pain during the competitive season was reported by 60% of respondents. The DASH and the FAST total scores were significantly correlated (r = .79, P < .001). Respondent rating of shoulder pain correlated significantly with the DASH total (r = .69) and sports module (r = .69) and the FAST total (r = .71), pitching module (r = .65), and pain (r = .73), impairment (r = .76), functional-limitation (r = .79), disability (r = .52), and societal-limitations (r = .46) subscales.Conclusion:History of arm injury is common in female high school and college softball pitchers. Severe injury and elevated pain are associated with lower HRQOL that extends beyond the playing field.