bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Slime Coat Possesses Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities
Authors: Theophine Chinwuba Akunne  , Sunday Nwankwo Okafor  , David C. Okechukwu  , Simeon Sunday Nwankwor  , Juliet Onyinyechi Emene  , Blessing Ngozika Okoro  
Published: July 2016

The mucoprotein slime coat often found on fish bodies act as defense against invasion by microbes and other environmental dangers. There is an increase in the incidence and emergence of multidrug resistant microbial strains, which has necessitated the need for newer antimicrobial agents. With this background, the aim of this study is therefore, to assess the antimicrobial effects as well as wound healing properties of mucin isolated from a catfish slime coat. Collection, precipitation with 96% absolute acetone, isolation and preparation of the mucilage from the slime coat of a live catfish was performed to obtain the powdered mucilage or catfish mucin (CM). The antimicrobial effect of the CM was evaluated using the agar dilution technique, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The wound healing effect of CM was also studied using wound healing excision model in rats. In addition quantitative biochemical analysis of the constituents of the catfish mucin was also performed using standard procedures. The CM exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with an MIC value of 3.0, 3.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 6.0 (all in mg/ml) respectively, with no appreciable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Biochemical analysis of CM showed the presence of carbohydrates (76.31%), moisture content (10.86%), proteins (7.38%), ash (2.34%), fibre (2.06%) and fats (1.06%) per 100 mg of the mucin. While wound healing study showed that CM reduced wound diameter and increased the rate of epithelialization in the increasing order of 40%, 10% and 20% preparations compared to penicillin G, a standard agent. In conclusion, the catfish mucin, a glycoprotein from the slime coat, exhibited antibacterial activity with bactericidal potentials and possesses wound healing properties.
Long-Time Diversion in Surfactant-Alternating-Gas Foam Enhanced Oil Recovery From a Field Test
Authors: Rossen W. R. , Ocampo A.. , Restrepo A.. , Cifuentes H. D. , Marin J.. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe ability of foam to divert gas flow during a long period of gas injection in a surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) foam process is important for the economics of foam-diversion processes for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Here, we interpret field data from the foam test in the Cusiana field in Colombia (Ocampo et al. 2013). In this test, surfactant was injected into a single layer that had been taking approximately half the injected gas before the test; then, gas injection resumed into all layers. On the basis of the size of the surfactant slug injected and estimates of adsorption and of water saturation in the foam in situ, we estimate that the treated region extended approximately 5.3 m from the injection well; fortunately, the results to follow are not sensitive to this estimate. On the basis of the change in injection logs before the test and at Day 5 of the test, when approximately 30 pore volumes (PVs) of gas (relative to the volume of the treated zone) had been injected, foam still reduced gas mobility in the treated layer to approximately 11% of its pretrial value. We base this estimate on the decrease of injection into the treated layer and the increase of injection into the other layers; the results are consistent among the layers. After 35 and 152 days of injection (220 and 1,250 treatment PV of gas injected), foam reduced gas mobility in the treated zone to approximately 26 and 50% of its value before the test, respectively.This result indicates that foam continued to reduce mobility by a modest amount even after long injection of gas. On the other hand, foam did weaken progressively as it dried out. Foam models in which foam remains strong at irreducible water saturation would greatly overestimate foam effectiveness at long times in this test.In this test, the large volume of gas had quickly penetrated far beyond the edge of the surfactant bank. Mobility in the foam-treated region in this test, after passage of many treatment PVs of gas injection, mimics that very near the injection well in a process with a larger slug of surfactant.
Sistema de Inovação do Agronegócio Brasileiro? Dualismo estrutural-tecnológico e desafios para o desenvolvimento do país
Authors: Gelinski Júnior Eduardo , Dalla Costa Armando , Gonçalves Flávio De Oliveira , Duenhas Rogério Allon 
Published: July 2016

A investigação da questão da inovação na agricultura brasileira e sua transformação em agronegócios e desenvolvimento para o país é uma tarefa consideravelmente complexa. Para tal, são relatados os cenários de contradições da formação do agronegócio, o paralelismo no segmento tradicional e dual estrutural-tecnológico agrícola e os desafios para o desenvolvimento brasileiro. Fundamenta-se a investigação na dinâmica da teoria neo-schumpeteriana em que profundas transformações e reestruturações ocorrem devido a interdependências complexas, competição, crescimento econômico e mudança estrutural, sendo a inovação o link entre componentes estruturais (agentes, redes e instituições) de Sistema de Inovação (SI) para setores, regiões e países. As discussões estão focadas na participação do Estado como agente estratégico do SI e da dinâmica de desenvolvimento. Para isto, aprofundou-se na relevância do agronegócio brasileiro, na questão da inovação como estratégia para mitigar o crescimento econômico concentrado e desigual. Analisa-se também a evolução do sistema de C&amp;T do Brasil e suas relações com o agronegócio. Por fim, são avaliados os dispêndios públicos na agricultura. Concluiu-se que embora possam existir avanços significativos em sistemas produtivos classificados como modernos, a evolução das Politicas de CT&amp;I, a sistemática de organização e coordenação do Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária (SNPA) e os níveis de evolução dos dispêndios públicos em P&amp;D na agricultura, não asseguram redução do dualismo estrutural-tecnológico, empecilhos relevantes à formação de um SI no agronegócio. E ainda, na dinâmica da economia de mercados os componentes estruturais do agronegócio tendem a investir em inovações nos segmentos mais competitivos vinculados às exportações. Portanto, há necessidade da presença do Estado, que na economia evolucionária é agente fundamental, articulando atores, redes, instituições, buscando desenvolver conhecimentos, mobilizando recursos, formando mercados, legitimando e influenciando a direção de pesquisas e no desenvolvimento de externalidades positivas, caso contrário, apenas crescimento econômico desigual.
Motivação no Serviço Público e Permanência na Carreira Militar da Polícia Militar do Paraná/Brasil
Authors: Takahashi Adriana Roseli Wunsch , Lemos Márcio Rogério , Souza Carla Patricia da Silva 
Published: July 2016

<p>Motivação no serviço público é um tema que tem sido recentemente debatido em administração devido a sua importância para o funcionamento das organizações públicas. No caso de segurança pública, dificuldades na retenção de servidores pode comprometer a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos e aumentar a violação criminal. Com base neste contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar porque servidores públicos da Polícia Militar do Paraná, no Brasil, não permanecem na carreira, considerando fatores motivacionais e desafios existentes. O enfoque da pesquisa é qualitativo e a estratégia metodológica é de estudo de caso. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que a questão salarial e as dificuldades em conciliar trabalho e família têm sido os principais fatores que não motivam os policiais militares a permanecer na carreira até poder receber aposentadoria integral, levando-os a pedir a aposentadoria proporcional com 25 anos de serviço. Isto tem causado uma lacuna de vagas, o que compromete a segurança pública estadual.</p>
O Barômetro da Sustentabilidade Aplicado ao Município de Taubaté-SP
Authors: Oliveira Evandro Luiz de , Oliveira Edson Aparecida Querido , Carniello Monica Franchi 
Published: July 2016

<p>A sociedade contemporânea tem apresentado uma preocupação crescente com o impacto ambiental provocado pelo desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico. Em consequencia dessa preocupação, e de pesquisas que indicam a possibilidade de existirem impactos negativos como consequencia da utilização intensa dos recursos naturais. A comunidade científica, em conjunto com a sociedade, os governos e as organizações, desenvolveu o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, bem como, algumas metodologias para avaliar o nível de sustentabilidade local, nacional ou do planeta. A partir deste contexto, o objetivo desse artigo, é por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, contribuir para a reflexão sobre o que é sustentabilidade e a metodologia Barômetro da Sustentabilidade (BS). Complementar ao estudo bibliográfico apresenta-se uma a aplicação da metodologia BS ao município de Taubaté-SP, por meio da coleta, tabulação e análise quantitativa e qualitativa de diversas fontes. A análise dos dados coletados de acordo com a metodologia BS, indica que o município de Taubaté-SP encontra-se num patamar de quase sustentável.</p>
Determinantes Sociais da Rede de Colaboração entre Pesquisadores de Finanças no Brasil
Authors: Giglio Ernesto Michelangelo , Onusic Luciana Massaro , Mendes-da-Silva Wesley 
Published: July 2016

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os motivos de escolha de parceiros que são coautores de artigos de finanças no Brasil, no período de 2003 a 2012, a partir de uma abordagem da teoria social de redes, a qual raramente é utilizada em trabalhos dessa natureza.Tendo como base os argumentos da teoria social de redes, criou-se a proposição orientadora que a escolha leva em conta variáveis sociais, tais como confiança e reputação, mas que predominam as variáveis racionais na percepção e nos discursos dos sujeitos. Após a identificação dos coautores em revista nacionais qualificadas foram coletados dados utilizando-se dois instrumentos - entrevistas em profundidade e questionários- e os resultados indicaram que a proposição se mantém. As variáveis racionais predominam nas percepções e discursos dos sujeitos, mas as variáveis sociais tornam-se presentes e adquirem maior importância no transcorrer da coleta. O benefício teórico do artigo é indicar o frame da teoria social de redes como capaz de investigar o fenômeno da escolha de parceiros, hoje explicado preferencialmente por teorias como da racionalidade limitada. Como consequência expande-se um leque de pesquisas sobre parcerias de qualquer natureza. O benefício metodológico é apresentar dois instrumentos de coleta que se mostraram capazes de distinguir configurações de redes quando se trata do tema de escolha de parceiros, colocando-se como contribuição para replicação em outros campos da Administração.
Relações cooperativas locais segundo a perspectiva das proximidades: uma análise em APLs de confecções
Authors: Zambrana Aline De Aragão , Teixeira Rivanda Meira 
Published: July 2016

Grande parte dos estudos acerca das aglomerações de empresas destaca a proximidade geográfica como principal fator para o estabelecimento de vínculos cooperativos entre as empresas. Mais recentemente, os estudiosos começaram a reclamar que outras formas de proximidade também devem ser consideradas, como a proximidade cognitiva, organizacional, social e institucional. Neste âmbito, o presente estudo refere-se a análise qualitativa de dois Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL) de confecções em Sergipe, cujo instrumento de coleta de dados eleito foi a entrevista semiestruturada. De modo geral, os resultados sugerem o aumento da proximidade social no APL de Itabaianinha decorrente de ações conjuntas bem-sucedidas em um passado recente, sobretudo entre os agentes de linhas distintas de produtos ou entre indivíduos com algum grau de parentesco. Por outro lado, a despeito da proximidade física, os agentes econômicos do APL de Tobias Barreto apresentaram resistência a cooperar e compartilhar informações. Os resultados revelam que as iniciativas institucionais têm sido insuficientes no sentido de engajá-los em esquema de cooperação mútua e que, em contextos de competitividade fundamentada excessivamente no preço, os agentes econômicos abdicariam de parcerias com seus pares da aglomeração local, insinuando que a proximidade física aliada à distância social e institucional seriam obstáculos para o estabelecimento de relações ganha-ganha.
Intermittent bilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell reduces intravenous methamphetamine intake and seeking in Wistar rats
Authors: Batra Vinita , Tran Thanh Lam N. , Caputo Jessica , Guerin Glenn F. , Goeders Nicholas E. , Wilden Jessica 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE
There is increasing interest in neuromodulation for addiction. Methamphetamine abuse is a global health epidemic with no proven treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of intermittent nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on operant methamphetamine intake and on methamphetamine seeking when stimulation is delivered in an environment different from that of drug use.

METHODS
Eighteen rats were implanted with intravenous (IV) catheters and bilateral AcbSh electrodes and subsequently underwent daily sessions in 2-lever (active/methamphetamine and inactive/no reward) operant chambers to establish IV methamphetamine self-administration. After stable responding was achieved, 3 hours of DBS or sham treatment was administered (sham: 0 µA, n = 8; active: 200 µA, n = 10) in a separate nondrug environment prior to the daily operant sessions for 5 consecutive days. Immediately following each DBS/sham treatment, rats were placed in the operant chambers to examine the effects of remote stimulation on methamphetamine intake. After the 5 days of therapy were finished, rats reestablished a posttreatment baseline, followed by extinction training, abstinence, and 1 day of relapse testing to assess methamphetamine-seeking behavior.

RESULTS
There was a decrease in total methamphetamine intake in rats receiving active DBS versus sham on Days 1 (42%) and 2 (44%). Methamphetamine administration returned to baseline levels following the cessation of DBS therapy. Compared with baseline drug responding, methamphetamine seeking was reduced (57%) in the DBS group but not in the sham group.

CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible to deliver noncontinuous DBS outside of the drug use environment with a resultant decrease in IV methamphetamine intake and seeking. The AcbSh is a neuroanatomical substrate for psychostimulant reinforcement and may be a target for intermittent neuromodulatory therapies that could be administered during brief periods of sobriety.
Bilateral chronic subdural hematoma: unilateral or bilateral drainage?
Authors: Andersen-Ranberg Nina Christine , Poulsen Frantz Rom , Bergholt Bo , Hundsholt Torben , Fugleholm Kåre 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVEBilateral chronic subdural hematoma (bCSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition frequently associated with the need for retreatment. The reason for the high rate of retreatment has not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, the authors focused on determining which independent predictors are associated with the retreatment of bCSDH with a focus on surgical laterality.METHODSIn a national database of CSDHs (Danish Chronic Subdural Hematoma Study) the authors retrospectively identified all bCSDHs treated in the 4 Danish neurosurgical departments over the 3-year period from 2010 to 2012. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between retreatment of bCSDH and clinical, radiological, and surgical variables.RESULTSTwo hundred ninety-one patients with bCSDH were identified, and 264 of them underwent unilateral (136 patients) or bilateral (128 patients) surgery. The overall retreatment rate was 21.6% (57 of 264 patients). Cases treated with unilateral surgery had twice the risk of retreatment compared with cases undergoing bilateral surgery (28.7% vs 14.1%, respectively, p = 0.002). In accordance with previous studies, the data also showed that a separated hematoma density and the absence of postoperative drainage were independent predictors of retreatment.CONCLUSIONSIn bCSDHs bilateral surgical intervention significantly lowers the risk of retreatment compared with unilateral intervention and should be considered when choosing a surgical procedure.
A novel magnetic resonance imaging segmentation technique for determining diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma tumor volume
Authors: Singh Ranjodh , Zhou Zhiping , Tisnado Jamie , Haque Sofia , Peck Kyung K. , Young Robert J. , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Thakur Sunitha B. , Souweidane Mark M. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE
Accurately determining diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) tumor volume is clinically important. The aims of the current study were to 1) measure DIPG volumes using methods that require different degrees of subjective judgment; and 2) evaluate interobserver agreement of measurements made using these methods.

METHODS
Eight patients from a Phase I clinical trial testing convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of a therapeutic antibody were included in the study. Pre-CED, post–radiation therapy axial T2-weighted images were analyzed using 2 methods requiring high degrees of subjective judgment (picture archiving and communication system [PACS] polygon and Volume Viewer auto-contour methods) and 1 method requiring a low degree of subjective judgment (k-means clustering segmentation) to determine tumor volumes. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) were calculated to assess interobserver agreement.

RESULTS
The CCCs of measurements made by 2 observers with the PACS polygon and the Volume Viewer auto-contour methods were 0.9465 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.8472) and 0.7514 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.3143), respectively. Both were considered poor agreement. The CCC of measurements made using k-means clustering segmentation was 0.9938 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.9772), which was considered substantial strength of agreement.

CONCLUSIONS
The poor interobserver agreement of PACS polygon and Volume Viewer auto-contour methods highlighted the difficulty in consistently measuring DIPG tumor volumes using methods requiring high degrees of subjective judgment. k-means clustering segmentation, which requires a low degree of subjective judgment, showed better interobserver agreement and produced tumor volumes with delineated borders.
Les effets redistributifs de la prime d’activité et l’impact du non-recours
Authors: Favrat Adélaïde , Lignon Vincent , Reduron Vincent 
Published: July 2016

The redistributive effects of the Prime d’activité and the impact of non-take-up.
The Prime d’activité, which came into effect on 1st January 2016, consists in combining the activity component of the RSA scheme and the Prime pour l’emploi (a tax credit for low-income households). This new scheme aims to pursue the objectives of return-to-work incentivisation from the previous schemes while intensifying redistribution towards workers with low income. However, the risk of non-take-up of the scheme, and therefore a reduction in its effectiveness, is far from negligible. In this context, this article proposes an ex ante analysis of the redistributive effects of the Prime d’activité,
testing various scenarios against the level of take-up and the profile of recipients. The results demonstrate that this scheme is increasingly targeted at people on low income, where the take-up rate is significant. In the case where people formerly receiving RSA switch to the Prime d’activité (automatic take-up hypothesis), the redistributive effects of the scheme appear not to be very sensitive to the profile of new people taking up the scheme.
La séparation sous tous ses plans ? Sociologie des grammaires cinématographiques des films de divorce
Authors: Lamoureux Christophe , Rafin Nicolas 
Published: July 2016

Separation in all its aspects. Sociology of cinematic grammar in films about divorce
For over forty years, the marked increase in divorce has been accompanied by the emergence of an amicable separation model, both morally and legally. The article proposes to observe how recent French cinematography production is fictionalising divorce and its effect on family structure. Produced for ‘‘ general public’’ popular cinema, films about divorce treat the ambivalences of this model and the difficulties in their implementation on a daily basis. A cinematic genre has thus been developed, for which the scriptwriting motivation is the construction of an aesthetic of conjugal intimacy confronted by the establishment of a new family spirit. Classed as ‘‘ romantic comedy’’, the scriptwriting and staging of divorce thus fabricate a new standard of broadcasting medium centred on two thematic pillars : conjugal selfregulation and co-parenting.
INTERACTION OF TWO FILAMENT CHANNELS OF DIFFERENT CHIRALITIES
Authors: Joshi Navin Chandra , Filippov Boris , Schmieder Brigitte , Magara Tetsuya , Moon Yong-Jae , Uddin Wahab 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present observations of the interactions between the two filament channels of different chiralities and associated dynamics that occurred during 2014 April 18–20. While two flux ropes of different helicity with parallel axial magnetic fields can only undergo a bounce interaction when they are brought together, the observations at first glance show that the heated plasma is moving from one filament channel to the other. The SDO/AIA 171 Å observations and the potential-field source-surface magnetic field extrapolation reveal the presence of a fan-spine magnetic configuration over the filament channels with a null point located above them. Three different events of filament activations, partial eruptions, and associated filament channel interactions have been observed. The activation initiated in one filament channel seems to propagate along the neighboring filament channel. We believe that the activation and partial eruption of the filaments brings the field lines of flux ropes containing them closer to the null point and triggers the magnetic reconnection between them and the fan-spine magnetic configuration. As a result, the hot plasma moves along the outer spine line toward the remote point. Utilizing the present observations, for the first time we have discussed how two different-chirality filament channels can interact and show interrelation.