bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐Term Cognitive–Behavioural Group Treatment for Hoarding Disorder: A Naturalistic Treatment Outcome Study
Authors: Moulding Richard , Nedeljkovic Maja , Kyrios Michael , Osborne Debra , Mogan Christopher 
Published: January 2016

The study aim was to test whether a 12‐week publically rebated group programme, based upon Steketee and Frost's Cognitive Behavioural Therapy‐based hoarding treatment, would be efficacious in a community‐based setting. Over a 3‐year period, 77 participants with clinically significant hoarding were recruited into 12 group programmes. All completed treatment; however, as this was a community‐based naturalistic study, only 41 completed the post‐treatment assessment. Treatment included psychoeducation about hoarding, skills training for organization and decision making, direct in‐session exposure to sorting and discarding, and cognitive and behavioural techniques to support out‐of‐session sorting and discarding, and nonacquiring. Self‐report measures used to assess treatment effect were the Savings Inventory—Revised (SI‐R), Savings Cognition Inventory, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales. Pre‐post analyses indicated that after 12 weeks of treatment, hoarding symptoms as measured on the SI‐R had reduced significantly, with large effect sizes reported in total and across all subscales. Moderate effect sizes were also reported for hoarding‐related beliefs (emotional attachment and responsibility) and depressive symptoms. Of the 41 participants who completed post‐treatment questionnaires, 14 (34%) were conservatively calculated to have clinically significant change, which is considerable given the brevity of the programme judged against the typical length of the disorder. The main limitation of the study was the moderate assessment completion rate, given its naturalistic setting. This study demonstrated that a 12‐week group treatment for hoarding disorders was effective in reducing hoarding and depressive symptoms in an Australian clinical cohort and provides evidence for use of this treatment approach in a community setting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

A 12‐week group programme delivered in a community setting was effective for helping with hoarding symptoms with a large effect size.
Hoarding beliefs (emotional attachment and responsibility) and depression were reduced, with moderate effect sizes.
A third of all participants who completed post‐treatment questionnaires experienced clinically significant change.
Suggests that hoarding CBT treatment can be effectively translated into real‐world settings and into a brief 12‐session format, albeit the study had a moderate assessment completion rate.
A distributed detection and prevention scheme from malicious nodes in vehicular networks
Authors: Bouali Tarek , Senouci Sidi‐Mohammed , Sedjelmaci Hichem 
Published: January 2016

SummaryVehicular environments still remain vulnerable to various potential attacks because of continuous interactions and information exchange between vehicles despite the deployment of authentication techniques by communication standards. Therefore, an authenticated node with a certificate could initiate an attack while complying with implemented protocols. Some mechanisms were proposed to enhance communication technologies, but none of them was able to anticipate nodes' behavior. They also mismanage oscillating vehicles, because they evict them automatically after misbehaving. In this paper, we propose a preventive mechanism, namely, Intrusion Prevention and Detection System (IPDS), able to predict vehicles behavior. This mechanism is based on a Kalman filter to predict the future vehicles' behavior and classify them into three categories (white, gray, and black) based on their expected trustworthiness. The main concerns of this work are to prevent from various attacks, namely, DoS, false alert, and Sybil, and deal with oscillating vehicles. Therefore, IPDS treats these latter in a different way where they are introduced into a gray list and used for routing purposes until they persist in their attacks. Simulations performed using ns3 simulator highlight IPDS accuracy regarding the detection rate of malicious nodes and its good impact on the network applications performances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of hybridization among cutthroat trout and rainbow trout in northern Rocky Mountain streams
Authors: McKelvey Kevin S. , Young Michael K. , Wilcox Taylor M. , Bingham Daniel M. , Pilgrim Kristine L. , Schwartz Michael K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntrogressive hybridization between native and introduced species is a growing conservation concern. For native cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in western North America, this process is thought to lead to the formation of hybrid swarms and the loss of monophyletic evolutionary lineages. Previous studies of this phenomenon, however, indicated that hybrid swarms were rare except when native and introduced forms of cutthroat trout co‐occurred. We used a panel of 86 diagnostic, single nucleotide polymorphisms to evaluate the genetic composition of 3865 fish captured in 188 locations on 129 streams distributed across western Montana and northern Idaho. Although introgression was common and only 37% of the sites were occupied solely by parental westslope cutthroat trout, levels of hybridization were generally low. Of the 188 sites sampled, 73% contained ≤5% rainbow trout alleles and 58% had ≤1% rainbow trout alleles. Overall, 72% of specimens were nonadmixed westslope cutthroat trout, and an additional 3.5% were nonadmixed rainbow trout. Samples from seven sites met our criteria for hybrid swarms, that is, an absence of nonadmixed individuals and a random distribution of alleles within the sample; most (6/7) were associated with introgression by Yellowstone cutthroat trout. In streams with multiple sites, upstream locations exhibited less introgression than downstream locations. We conclude that although the widespread introduction of nonnative trout within the historical range of westslope cutthroat trout has increased the incidence of introgression, sites containing nonadmixed populations of this taxon are common and broadly distributed.
A tough egg to crack: recreational boats as vectors for invasive goby eggs and transdisciplinary management approaches
Authors: Hirsch Philipp E. , Adrian‐Kalchhauser Irene , Flämig Sylvie , N'Guyen Anouk , Defila Rico , Di Giulio Antonietta , Burkhardt‐Holm Patricia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNon‐native invasive species are a major threat to biodiversity, especially in freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems are naturally rather isolated from one another. Nonetheless, invasive species often spread rapidly across water sheds. This spread is to a large extent realized by human activities that provide vectors. For example, recreational boats can carry invasive species propagules as “aquatic hitch‐hikers” within and across water sheds. We used invasive gobies in Switzerland as a case study to test the plausibility that recreational boats can serve as vectors for invasive fish and that fish eggs can serve as propagules. We found that the peak season of boat movements across Switzerland and the goby spawning season overlap temporally. It is thus plausible that goby eggs attached to boats, anchors, or gear may be transported across watersheds. In experimental trials, we found that goby eggs show resistance to physical removal (90 mN attachment strength of individual eggs) and stay attached if exposed to rapid water flow (2.8 m·s−1for 1 h). When exposing the eggs to air, we found that hatching success remained high (>95%) even after eggs had been out of water for up to 24 h. It is thus plausible that eggs survive pick up, within‐water and overland transport by boats. We complemented the experimental plausibility tests with a survey on how decision makers from inside and outside academia rate the feasibility of managing recreational boats as vectors. We found consensus that an installation of a preventive boat vector management is considered an effective and urgent measure. This study advances our understanding of the potential of recreational boats to serve as vectors for invasive vertebrate species and demonstrates that preventive management of recreational boats is considered feasible by relevant decision makers inside and outside academia.
The use of an unsupervised learning approach for characterizing latent behaviors in accelerometer data
Authors: Chimienti Marianna , Cornulier Thomas , Owen Ellie , Bolton Mark , Davies Ian M. , Travis Justin M.J. , Scott Beth E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe recent increase in data accuracy from high resolution accelerometers offers substantial potential for improved understanding and prediction of animal movements. However, current approaches used for analysing these multivariable datasets typically require existing knowledge of the behaviors of the animals to inform the behavioral classification process. These methods are thus not well‐suited for the many cases where limited knowledge of the different behaviors performed exist. Here, we introduce the use of an unsupervised learning algorithm. To illustrate the method's capability we analyse data collected using a combination of GPS and Accelerometers on two seabird species: razorbills (Alca torda) and common guillemots (Uria aalge). We applied the unsupervised learning algorithm Expectation Maximization to characterize latent behavioral states both above and below water at both individual and group level. The application of this flexible approach yielded significant new insights into the foraging strategies of the two study species, both above and below the surface of the water. In addition to general behavioral modes such as flying, floating, as well as descending and ascending phases within the water column, this approach allowed an exploration of previously unstudied and important behaviors such as searching and prey chasing/capture events. We propose that this unsupervised learning approach provides an ideal tool for the systematic analysis of such complex multivariable movement data that are increasingly being obtained with accelerometer tags across species. In particular, we recommend its application in cases where we have limited current knowledge of the behaviors performed and existing supervised learning approaches may have limited utility.
Amplification system for concentrated and distributed energy dissipation devices
Authors: Baquero Mosquera J. Sebastián , Almazán José Luis , Tapia Nicolás F. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryRecent analytic, experimental, and practical studies are developing energy dissipation devices combined with amplifying mechanisms (AM) to enhance structural behavior. This research presents the theoretical and experimental development of the eccentric lever‐arm system (ELAS), a new system generically called amplified added damping (AAD), which is a combination of an AM with one or more dampers capable of supporting large deformations. The proposed AM device is a variant of the well‐known lever‐arm system. This work is divided in four parts: (1) kinematics of the ELAS and definition of an equivalent AAD; (2) parametric analysis of a linear single‐story structure with ELAS; (3) numerical analysis of a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structure with frictional damping with and without AM; and (4) pseudo‐dynamic tests of a full scale asymmetric one story steel structure with and without frictional AAD. Parametric analyses demonstrate that using high‐amplification ratios and low supplemental damping could be a good practice. On the other hand, similar to systems without AMs, dissipation efficiency increases conformably with the stiffness of the secondary structure. As expected, it was observed that deformation was highly concentrated in the flexible edge of the asymmetric test model without damper. Conversely, the structure with frictional AAD clearly showed uniform plane deformation. The implemented AM, which has a large amplifying ratio of α≈11, performed with close accordance with numerical simulations and a high mechanical efficiency (≈95%) using a frictional damper with a very low force capacity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of functional outcomes of temporalis muscle transfers for patients with longstanding facial paralysis
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Verdini Federica , Marchesini Andrea , Neuendorf Alexander Dietrich , Coccia Daniele , Leo Tommaso , Riccio Michele 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundUsually, clinical evaluation of facial reanimation provides accurate information about contraction of the mimetic muscles and phonation but fails to identify smile recovery and to quantify the motility of the lower third of the face during a smile. The purpose of this study was to verify that, in longstanding facial palsy, the modified temporalis muscle transfer (MTMT) can result in the ability to smile, not only voluntarily with chewing, but also spontaneously with a sudden emotional stimulus, and to confirm that a symmetric smile can be obtained.MethodsTen patients of the treated group (group T; 4 women and 6 men) were randomly selected from a population of 24 patients with longstanding facial palsy treated by MTMT. Five normal subjects of the control group (group C; 3 women and 2 men) were enrolled as the control population. Functional outcomes after transposed temporalis muscle were examined and measured through clinical assessment by using a scored smile symmetry grading system, video recording, and surface electromyography (sEMG). In addition, the voluntary smile test (VST) and the not‐voluntary smile test (NVST) were performed to study voluntary and spontaneous smiling.ResultsSubjects in the VST group (group T) were able to smile voluntarily and the expression was characterized by symmetry. In the NVST group, they were able to smile spontaneously and the symmetry of the smile was maintained for 8 subjects and only partially for 2 subjects. During both tests, the temporalis muscle of the treated side and the orbicularis oris muscle of the not‐treated side were activated during smiling, indicating spontaneous activity of the transposed temporalis muscle with an emotional stimulus. For the control group, smiles during VST and NVST were symmetric and the temporalis muscles were not activated during smiling, whereas the orbicularis oris muscles were.ConclusionOur study shows that the Morrison MTMT is able to restore the voluntary smile ability. Particularly, this technique allows for recovery of the spontaneous smile with symmetry. This assessment would seem to suggest that the transposed temporalis muscle might adapt from a chewing to a mimetic muscle. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1535–E1543, 2016
Time Variation in Macro‐Financial Linkages
Authors: Prieto Esteban , Eickmeier Sandra , Marcellino Massimiliano 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe analyze the contribution of credit spread, house and stock price shocks to the US economy based on a time‐varying parameter vector autoregressive model. We find that the contribution of financial shocks to gross domestic product growth fluctuates from about 20% in normal times to more than 50% during the Great Recession. The Great Recession and the subsequent weak recovery can largely be traced back to negative housing shocks. Housing shocks have become more important for the real economy since the early 2000s, and negative housing shocks are more important than positive ones. Unexpected increases in credit spreads have not been deflationary recently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DPSC colonization of functionalized 3D textiles
Authors: Ortiz Marine , Rosales‐Ibáñez Raúl , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury , De Bien Charlotte , Toye Dominique , Flores Héctor , Grandfils Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFiber scaffolds are attractive materials for mimicking, within a 3D in vitro system, any living environment in which animal cells can adhere and proliferate. In three dimensions, cells have the ability to communicate and organize into complex architectures similar to those found in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in terms of cell reactivity, a new in vitro cell model: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in a 3D polymeric textile. Scaffolds were knitted from polyglycolic acid (PGA) or polydioxanone (PDO) fibers differing in surface roughness. To promote cell adhesion, these hydrophobic fabrics were also functionalized with either chitosan or the peptide arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD). Cell behavior was examined 1, 10, and 21 days post‐seeding with a LIVE/DEAD® Kit. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) highlighted the biocompatibility of these materials (cell survival rate: 94% to 100%). Fiber roughness was found to influence cell adhesion and viability significantly and favorably. A clear benefit of polymeric textile functionalization with chitosan or RGD was demonstrated in terms of cell adhesion and viability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 785–794, 2017.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Alone Improves Skeletal Growth, Microarchitecture, and Strength in a Murine Model of XLH, Despite Enhanced FGF23 Expression
Authors: Liu Eva S , Martins Janaina S , Raimann Adalbert , Chae Byongsoo Timothy , Brooks Daniel J , Jorgetti Vanda , Bouxsein Mary L , Demay Marie B 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by impaired renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate owing to increased circulating FGF23 levels, resulting in rickets in growing children and impaired bone mineralization. Increased FGF23 decreases renal brush border membrane sodium-dependent phosphate transporter IIa (Npt2a) causing renal phosphate wasting, impairs 1-α hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and induces the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase, leading to inappropriately low circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). The goal of therapy is prevention of rickets and improvement of growth in children by phosphate and 1,25D supplementation. However, this therapy is often complicated by hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis and does not always prevent hyperparathyroidism. To determine if 1,25D or blocking FGF23 action can improve the skeletal phenotype without phosphate supplementation, mice with XLH (Hyp) were treated with daily 1,25D repletion, FGF23 antibodies (FGF23Ab), or biweekly high-dose 1,25D from d2 to d75 without supplemental phosphate. All treatments maintained normocalcemia, increased serum phosphate, and normalized parathyroid hormone levels. They also prevented the loss of Npt2a, α-Klotho, and pERK1/2 immunoreactivity observed in the kidneys of untreated Hyp mice. Daily treatment with 1,25D decreased urine phosphate losses despite a marked increase in bone FGF23 mRNA and in circulating FGF23 levels. Daily 1,25D was more effective than other treatments in normalizing the growth plate and metaphyseal organization. In addition to being the only therapy that normalized lumbar vertebral height and body weight, daily 1,25D therapy normalized bone geometry and was more effective than FGF23Ab in improving trabecular bone structure. Daily 1,25D and FGF23Ab improved cortical microarchitecture and whole-bone biomechanical properties more so than biweekly 1,25D. Thus, monotherapy with 1,25D improves growth, skeletal microarchitecture, and bone strength in the absence of phosphate supplementation despite enhancing FGF23 expression, demonstrating that 1,25D has direct beneficial effects on the skeleton in XLH, independent of its role in phosphate homeostasis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Management of systemic unfractionated heparin anticoagulation during therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Kaplan Alesia , Raut Prachi , Totoe Grace , Morgan Shanna , Zantek Nicole D. 
Published: January 2016

Background:Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may remove medications from the patient's plasma. Data is limited on the effect of TPE on unfractionated heparin (UFH). Study Design and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients receiving TPE and continuous IV infusion UFH from 1/1/2008 to 6/30/2010. TPE with plasma or 5% albumin for replacement fluid and pre and post anti‐Xa levels within approximately six hours were analyzed. Results: Three patients had 15 TPE with plasma replacement. Anti‐Xa levels decreased 47% (mean, −0.25 IU/mL) for two TPE when UFH was not changed, 78% (−0.35 IU/mL) for one TPE when the UFH rate was decreased 25%; and 61% (mean −0.72 IU/mL) for two single volume TPE and 87% (−0.65 IU/mL) for one 1.5 plasma volume TPE when UFH was stopped. During nine TPE, the UFH rate was increased by 65% resulting in a mean increase in the anti‐Xa level (mean 0.06 IU/mL, 30%). One patient had five single plasma volume TPE with 5% albumin. Anti‐Xa levels decreased when the UFH was not changed (−0.06 IU/mL, 38%) and increased when UFH was increased by 30% (0.19 IU/mL, 61%) and 69% (mean 0.04 IU/mL, 15% in three TPE). The PTT increased with all albumin procedures, with more marked increases observed when the UFH rate was increased, while the antithrombin level decreased (mean 65%). Conclusion: Heparin was removed from the patient's plasma during TPE. Adjustment of the dose during TPE may be necessary to maintain therapeutic drug levels. Methods for monitoring UFH therapy may not agree. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:507–515, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial and temporal changes of subchondral bone proceed to articular cartilage degeneration in rats subjected to knee immobilization
Authors: Xu Lei , Li Zhe , Lei Lei , Zhou Yue‐Zhu , Deng Song‐Yun , He Yong‐Bin , Ni Guo‐Xin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal changes of subchondral bone and its overlying articular cartilage in rats following knee immobilization. A total of 36 male Wistar rats (11–13 months old) were assigned randomly and evenly into 3 groups. For each group, knee joints in 6 rats were immobilized unilaterally for 1, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, while the remaining rats were allowed free activity and served as external control groups. For each animal, femurs at both sides were dissected after sacrificed. The distal part of femur was examined by micro‐CT. Subsequently, femoral condyles were collected for further histological observation and analysis. For articular cartilage, significant changes were observed only at 4 and 8 weeks of immobilization. The thickness of articular cartilage and chondrocytes numbers decreased with time. However, significant changes in subchondral bone were defined by micro‐CT following immobilization in a time‐dependent manner. Immobilization led to a thinner and more porous subchondral bone plate, as well as a reduction in trabecular thickness and separation with a more rod‐like architecture. Changes in subchondral bone occurred earlier than in articular cartilage. More importantly, immobilization‐induced changes in subchondral bone may contribute, at least partially, to changes in its overlying articular cartilage. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:209–218, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.