bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new powerful magnetic dark catalyst based on rGO/Fe3O4/CdSe nanocomposite for ultrafast degradation of methylene blue dye
Authors: Moghanlou Afrasiab Salehi , Molaei Mehdi , Tao Fang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In the present study, rGO/Fe3O4/CdSe as a dark catalyst material was synthesized by a refluxing method. The synthesized magnetic nanocomposites were studied by various analyzes such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman, Zeta and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD, EDS, FESEM and FTIR spectra showed that the nanocomposites were successfully synthesized. Absorption spectrum was used to determine the dark catalyst activity of rGO/Fe3O4/CdSe nanocomposite. Analysis of the absorption spectrum showed that the prepared nanocomposites degrade the MB organic dye completely after 2 min of stirring in the dark, also doing experiment at different pH showed that the best performance for the degradation of MB occurs in neutral and alkaline media. The Raman spectrum analyzes showed that the Fe3O4/CdSe QDs were correctly incorporated on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. Zeta potential analysis showed that rGO/Fe3O4/CdSe has a large amount of negative charge on its surface, also the radical scavenger experiment showed that electrons play an essential role in the process of degradation. VSM analysis showed that the prepared nanocomposites have excellent superparamagnetic behavior, this advantage enables the easy collection of nanocatalysts by magnets from wastewater after dye degradation.
Effects of Palpilectomy on Feeding and Gut Enzymes Activities of Adult Male Variegated Grasshoppers (Zonocerus Variegatus) (L).
Authors: Ademolu Kehinde Olutoyin , Odeyemi Gideon , Egbebi Joseph , Idowu Adewunmi Babatunde 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Palps are used to feel, taste and manipulate food by insects. Palpilectomy is the experimental removal of the palp. This study was carried out to examine the significance of the palps and the effect of its absence on the feeding habit and gut digestive enzymes of the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus. Sixty adult male Zonocerus variegatus (3-5 days after adult emergence) were used. The grasshoppers were divided into three groups comprising insects with : intact palps, labial palps removed and all palps removed. They were fed daily with freshly cut cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta) for 30 days. Records of leaves’ weights were taken for feed intake. The activities of three digestive enzymes, namely: amylase, lipase and proteinase were determined. Feeding rate and morphometrics study done showed significant differences among the groups. The group with without labial palp showed significantly higher feed intake. Result from the biochemical analysis showed all enzymes were detected in the insect’s gut regions; however, there were no significant differences in the activities of the three enzymes from various gut regions in three experimental groups. Palpilectomy (palp removal) affects the feed intake (leaf destruction capability) and weight gain with insignificant effect on the activities of the digestive enzymes in the gut regions of Zonocerus variegatus.
Analysis of Rhizosphere microbial community structure and production performance of different maize varieties
Authors: Wang Guihua , Feng Shilin , Han Xiaodong , Lv Qiushi , You Yanhua , Huang Tiantian , Zhao Guofen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims: To clarify the rhizosphere microbial community structure of different maize varieties and its relationship with yield traits.
Methods: The rhizospheremicrobial community structure of seven maize varieties was analysed at seedling and staminate stages using high-throughput sequencing of 16SrDNA and ITS rDNA amplicons to determine maize yield traits and their correlation studies.
Results: Compared with the seedling stage, the relative abundance of Aspergillus phylum and Anaplasma phylum decreased more, Acidobacter phylum bacteria increased more, Sphingomonas spp. and Marseille spp. decreased more, and Acidobacterium RB41 increased more in the same varieties at the male pumping stage. At the male-drawing stage, the relative abundance of Acidobacter RB41 was the highest in all varieties except variety 8; the relative abundance of Sphingomonas spp. was the lowest in variety 2 and the highest in variety 8. The relative abundance of Ascomycetes phylum was the highest in all seven varieties, with the highest in variety 2 at the male-drawing stage, and the male-drawing stage was higher than that at the seedling stage in all varieties except variety 14. s_Pedobacter panaciterrae was positively correlated with yield, s_Spartobacteria bacterium was positively correlated with number of ears,s_Microdochium bolleyi was negatively correlated with water content, and s_ Podospora multipilosa was positively correlated with number of ears.
Conclusion: s_Pedobacter panaciterrae, s_Spartobacteria bacterium have positive role in yield traits, which provides theoretical basis for further development of microbial fertiliser for maize yield increase.
Phytotoxic effects of tropospheric ozone altered by elevated levels of CO2 in Indian mustard for Sustaining production
Authors: JawaharJothi Gayathri , Sharma DK , Bhatia Arti , Boomiraj Kovilpillai , Antille Diogenes L. , Kumar Sudhir , Prasad Manjunath , Suroshe Sachin Suresh , Dunna Vijay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Tropospheric ozone is the most important air pollutant of global concern since it affects crops negatively by causing oxidative damage. The increased levels of carbon dioxide positively impacted the C3 plants. The impacts of elevated O3 and CO2 on most crops have been studied, but the information in relation to the interactive effects of O3 and CO2 is still limited and elusive in Indian mustard. Thus, the study was aimed at quantifying the impacts of elevated O3 (Ambient + 25±5 ppb) and CO2 (550±10 ppm) along with their interaction on different winter mustard varieties, to elucidate their response towards growth and yield parameters as well as photosynthetic activity and stomatal behaviour for two seasons (2020-21 & 2021-22). The photosynthetic activity in mustard declined by about 16%, crop index by 15% and seed yield by 24% under elevated O3 treatments. Contrarily, the CO2 enrichment treatments nullified the O3 effects on yield by a maximum of 17% in PDZM 31 followed by 14% in Pusa Bold and 13% in PM 30. The elevated levels of ozone reduced stomatal conductance, and the photosynthetic activity offsetted by elevated CO2 acts as a defensive mechanism to avoid the entry of O3 into leaf tissues and restrict the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, the current interaction studies revealed that the strong oxidative damage caused by elevated O3 was reduced by elevated CO2 in mustard varieties and discussed in detail.
Impact of extracts from three durable tropical woods from Côte d'Ivoire (Nauclea diderrichii, Mansonia altissima, Milicia excelsa) on Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in the laboratory
Authors: Bley-Atse Bley Appolinaire , Adja Armand Nahoulé , Niamké Florence Bobelé , Ramananantoandro Tahiana , Danho Mathias , Abo Kouabenan , Amusant Nadine , Adima Amissa Augustin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Maize, the staple food of many populations, is suffering major losses due to Spodoptera frugiperda. Chemical pesticides were being over-used to control this pest. But to preserve the ecosystem, it’s important to test products with a low ecological impact. Study aims to evaluate the impact of hydroalcoholic extracts of three tropical woods Badi (Nauclea diderrichii), Bete (Mansonia altissima) Iroko (Milicia excelsa) on the larvae of S. frugiperda, the main pest of maize. Different parameters be evaluate: larval mortality rate, LD50, pupation duration, rate of leaves consumed by the larvae, larval mortality rate. Young larvae were collected from untreated maize plants in field. Three doses evaluated (0.04; 0.08 and 0.1g/mL) of sapwood and heartwood extracts proved effective. Heartwood extracts were more effective than extracts from the sapwood at the 0.04g/mL dose. Contrarily, the sapwood extracts of Badi and Bete were significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than those of heartwood at the 0.08 and 0.1g/mL (100% death larvae at the first day). LD50 of sapwood extracts were 0.0535; 0.0419 and 0.0219 g/mL, respectively for Badi, Bete, Iroko. LD50 of heartwood extracts were 0.3535 (Badi) and 0.0283 g/mL (Bete). Pupation duration was longer for larvae exposed to sapwood (0.04g/mL) and shorter for those treated with duramen (0.08g/mL). Badi and Iroko sapwood (0.08g/mL) had the best antifeedant activity (0% leaves consumed). Insecticidal activity could be explained by the presence of secondary metabolites: alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, observed in extracts. Studied wood extracts could be use in the formulation of bioinsecticides for sustainable control crop pests.
Potency of ethanolic leaf extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray against the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein) Wiltshire
Authors: Chuzho Kuno , Bhem Wandashisha Lyngdoh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Antifungal potency of Tithonia diversifolia leaf extracts against the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola has been investigated using three solvents: acetone, ethanol and methanol at different concentrations (60%, 80% an 99.9%). Out of the three solvent extracts used, ethanolic extract showed maximum inhibition zone at all concentrations studied, with the inhibition zones ranging from 0.4 to 1.9 mm. Acetone extract showed slight inhibition at 80% concentration as compared to its control whereas, methanolic extract showed slight inhibition at 100% concentration. Zone of inhibition by ethanol as control showed 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 mm at 60%, 80% and 99.9% respectively, whereas, ethanol plus plant extract showed zone of inhibition measuring 0.4, 0.7 and 1.9 mm respectively, which is higher than their respective control concentrations. This indicates that ethanolic leaf extract of T. diversifolia has high potency against the test plant pathogen A. brassicicola. There was no inhibition zone observed for 60% acetone, indicating that 60% acetone leaf extract of T. diversifolia may not be effective against the test pathogen.
On the origin of Accretion flow Photon index–Quasi-Periodic Oscillation frequency (Γ– vQPO) relation
Authors: EZE Ambrose C. , EZE Romanus N. C. , CHUKWUDE Augustine. E. , MADU Fidelis Okey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

MAXI J1535−571 outburst was dramatic and the accretion flow exhibits spectra-temporal characteristics related to one another. In this study, MAXI J1535−571 data observed by SWIFT/BAT (Swift/Burst Alert Telescope) and MAXI/GSC (Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image/Gas slit camera) was analyzed. The physical and phenomenological models that explains the components of the accretion flow were adopted in fitting/modelling the data in XSPEC v12.10.1f. The accretion flow characteristics and photon index–Quasi-Periodic Oscillation frequency (Γ–vQPO) relation were determined, and their correlations were statistically significant. The resonance condition in the range of (0.5076– 1.2481) ± 0.0802 indicates that the components of the accretion flow timescales are comparable and this suggests the presence of QPO. The components of accretion flow rates are anti-correlated and this suggests that they could interact at varying distances and change the distribution of energy spectral indices in the post-shock region/Compton cloud. The photon index–QPO frequency is tightly correlated with a coefficient of 0.97. Hence, the variations/fluctuation of accretion flow rates seem to be the underlying physical processes/mechanisms responsible for the origin of Γ–vQPO relation in the hard-intermediate spectral state.
A Practical Implementation to Federated Learning: Detecting Backdoor Attack on Next- word Prediction Model
Authors: Wong Jimmy K. W. , Lo Yuen Wing , Lai Chun Yin , Mung Steve W. Y. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This article presents the impact of attacking a next-word prediction model built from federated learning and proposes a backdoor attack detection mechanism with an example from presidential election. The attacker can affect the model by controlling a portion of machines joining federated learning so the perception toward a particular subject can be changed, for example, presidential election. Different ratios of datasets participating in federated learning were tested to investigate the correlation between the percentage of negative datasets joined and the bad feeling toward the sentences. The detection mechanism was also investigated to determine whether the devices with deviated and abnormal datasets can be found and banned from joining the training pool to reduce the attack toward the model. The result proves the hypothesis of the positive relation between the percentage of bad devices in the training pool and the bad perception of the sentences generated by the model toward a particular subject. The proposed mechanism can help reduce the impact of attacking when the percentage of the connected bad devices is small.
Application of Visual Programming in Urban Landscape Design: A Case Study of Paving Patterns at Satellite Lake Plaza in Chongqing
Authors: Cui Xing , Shang Yunbo , Zhang Hailong , Deng Dexue , Feng Jiwei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

With the widespread use of digital technology in landscape engineering design, visual programming has become an important tool to improve design efficiency .This study investigates complex geometry construction and dynamic adjustment based on Dynamo and Python platforms, using the Chongqing Satellite Lake Square paving pattern update design project as a case study. The research comprehensively investigates the design logic, use, and practice of visual programming by utilising automation and custom algorithms. It involves a wide range of topics, including creating models and initialising data, as well as delineating regions, designating colour blocks, selecting patterns, and receiving real-time feedback.The results show that visual programming not only significantly optimises the design process and improves the efficiency , but also significantly enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the design solution by responding to changes in design requirements and adjustments in field conditions in real time.This research introduces new perspectives and approaches to practice in related disciplines, as well as innovative tools for landscape engineering design, thereby promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and digital transformation.
Promoting Tomato Resilience: Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Sulphur-Treated Biochar in Saline and Non-Saline Cultivation Environments
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Minhas Asif , AL-Huqail Arwa A. , Ghoneim Adel M. , Danish Subhan , Mahmoud Esawy , Tahira Maryam , Mehran Muhammad , Maqsood Muhammad Faizan Khurram , Rauf Abdul , Ali Waqar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The resilience of tomato plants under different cultivation environments, particularly saline and non-saline conditions, was investigated through the application of various treatments, including 0.5% Ascorbic Acid (AsA) and 1% Sulphur-treated Biochar (BS). The study evaluated parameters such as fruit length, diameter, yield per plant and per pot, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) content, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, enzyme activities (Superoxide Dismutase - SOD, Peroxidase - POD, Catalase - CAT), and nutrient content (Nitrogen - N%, Phosphorus - P%, Potassium - K%). Under saline conditions, significant enhancements were observed in fruit characteristics and yield metrics with the application of AsA and BS individually, with the combined treatment yielding the most substantial improvements. Notably, AsA and BS treatments exhibited varying effects on TSS levels, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, and enzyme activities, with the combination treatment consistently demonstrating superior outcomes. Additionally, nutrient content analysis revealed notable increases, particularly under non-saline conditions, with the combined treatment showcasing the most significant enhancements. Overall, the study underscores the potential of AsA and BS treatments in promoting tomato resilience, offering insights into their synergistic effects on multiple physiological and biochemical parameters crucial for plant growth and productivity.
Structural Stability, Electro-Optical Modulation and Photocatalytic Response of NaTaO 3 Cubic Perovskite Under Non-Ambient Conditions
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Sandali Yahya , Usman Zahid , Hashmi Tania , Farman Muhammad , Ullah Muhammad Abaid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

NaTaO3, being stable cubic perovskite material, offers excellent structural stability, electronic and optical properties and is a potential candidate for photocatalysis. Particularly, it is important to investigate its structural stability and photocatalysis response under extreme pressure. The electronic band structure of NaTaO3 is indirect in nature and its band gap increases under pressure, while preserving its topology. DOS of this material demonstrated hybridization among different states and relative shifting of filled valence state to lower energies, making it more stable under pressure. An inclusive study of elastic parameters reveals that NaTaO3 possesses anisotropic mechanical characteristics, and its brittle nature changes to ductile with pressure. Poisson’s ratio lying between 0.23 and 0.32 suggested an ionic and metallic mix inter-atomic bonding. Optical properties shifted toward ultraviolet region, due to widening of electronic band gap. More positive VB potential, as a function of pressure, demonstrated increasing oxidizing capability of NaTaO3, essential to generate hydrogen energy. Shifting of its band gap in UV region suggests this material as a potential candidate for high power optoelectronic devices.
Advanced Methods for Real-Time Signal Processing in Urban Bridge Inspections Using Wireless Sensors
Authors: Quynh Trinh Thi Nhu , Nguyen Hoa-Cuc. , Mach Bich-Ngoc. , Nguyen Thanh Q. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study introduces a method for processing various types of random real-world signals from bridges in both experimental models and real-world scenarios using a wireless sensor system. By analyzing and processing signals collected during actual traffic on bridges, the study identifies and provides parameters that meet current quality inspection requirements to ensure the safety of bridge users. The parameters investigated in this study include deformation, natural frequency, amplitude, impact factor, and damping coefficient. Research has determined and highlighted key parameters for assessing the quality of bridge spans to meet quality inspection standards. Using actual traffic vibration signals provides accurate and useful information that supports the government in conducting regular inspections. Furthermore, this study reduces inspection costs for regulatory agencies by significantly cutting costs compared to traditional methods, offering economic benefits. In general, this research not only introduces a new approach to vibration signal processing but also brings practical benefits to bridge infrastructure management and inspection.
Transformation of Geospatial Modelling of Soil Erosion Susceptibility Using Machine Learning
Authors: Olii Muhammad Ramdhan , Nento Sartan , Doda Nurhayati , Olii Rizky Selly Nazarina , Djafar Haris , Pakaya Ririn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Soil erosion creates substantial environmental and economic challenges, especially in areas vulnerable to land degradation. This study investigates the use of machine learning (ML) techniques—namely Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Generalized Linear Models (GLM)—for geospatial modeling of soil erosion susceptibility (SES). By leveraging geospatial data and incorporating a range of factors including hydrological, topographical, and environmental variables, the research aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of SES predictions. Results show that the SVM model predominantly identifies areas as having moderate (40.59%) or low (38.50%) susceptibility, whereas the GLM model allocates a higher proportion to very low (24.55%) and low (38.59%) susceptibility. Both models exhibit high performance, with SVM and GLM achieving accuracies of 87.4% and 87.2%, respectively, though GLM slightly surpasses AUC (0.939 vs. 0.916). GLM places greater emphasis on hydrological factors such as distance to rivers and drainage density, while SVM provides a more balanced assessment across various variables. This study demonstrates that ML-based models can significantly enhance SES assessments, offering a more nuanced and accurate approach than traditional methods. The findings highlight the value of adopting innovative, data-driven techniques in environmental modeling and offer practical insights for land management and conservation practices.
Global burden and trends of ovarian cancer attributable to occupational exposure to asbestos: A study based on 1990-2019 GBD data.
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Mao Wei , Wu You , Song Yan , Zhang Yanan , Li Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Ovarian cancer remains a major health issue, with occupational asbestos exposure possibly contributing to its risk. We comprehensively assess the global burden of asbestos-related ovarian cancer, explore disparities, and project future trends to inform prevention strategies.
Methods
We evaluated deaths and disease-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally in 2019, analyzed temporal trends (1990–2019), and used the age-period-cohort (APC) model and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model to predict future burdens. Decomposition analysis identified drivers of burden change, and frontier analysis assessed the correlation with socio-demographic development.
Results
In 2019, occupational exposure to asbestos was a significant contributor to the substantial burden of ovarian cancer, exhibiting considerable disparities across age groups, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions, and countries. Despite a global trend of declining age-standardized rates (ASRs) between 1990 and 2019, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs associated with asbestos-related ovarian cancer continued to rise. The APC model predicted a steady escalation in the number of deaths and DALYs from 2019 to 2030 while forecasting a decrease in the ASRs. However, contrasting results emerged from the BAPC model, which indicates that both the number of deaths and DALYs, as well as their ASRs, are anticipated to decline. Furthermore, the frontier analysis suggested that countries with higher SDI scores exhibit greater potential for reducing the disease burden. Our decomposition analysis revealed that aging and population growth were the primary drivers of the increasing disease burden, whereas epidemiological change exerted a negative influence.
Conclusions
Occupational exposure to asbestos is a substantial contributor to the disease burden of ovarian cancer. Success with reducing asbestos occupational exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public.