bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress and resilience as risk and protective factors of psychoactive substance use among Chinese nonengaged youth
Authors: Wu Anise M. S. , Lau Joseph T. F. , Mo Phoenix K. H. , Lau Mason M. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNonengaged youth (NEY) are those who have neither been working nor studying for a prolonged period of time. They are at risk of psychoactive substance use, but relevant studies are scarce. Based on a population‐based telephone survey and referrals, we anonymously interviewed 479 Hong Kong Chinese NEY aged 15–24 years. Of them, 14.8–23.7% reported moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, one fourth of the participants (24.8%; n = 119) had used psychoactive substances. Adjusted analyses showed that these three psychological distress variables were positively associated with, while resilience was negatively associated with, both ever‐use of psychoactive substances and intention to use such substances in the next 12 months. Loneliness was associated only with intention to use psychoactive substances. The mediating role of psychological distress was shown: Anxiety significantly mediated the association between resilience and ever‐use of psychoactive substances, whereas depression mediated that between resilience and behavioural intention. Resilience was not a significant moderator on the relationship between psychological distress and ever‐use of psychoactive substance use or behavioural intention to use those substances. The findings suggest that anti‐drug interventions should outreach NEY and should include mental health support as well as building up resilience, as NEY are prone to psychological distress that increases risk of substance use.
Site‐Selective Functionalization of Flagellin by Steric Self‐Protection: A Strategy To Facilitate Flagellin as a Self‐Adjuvanting Carrier in Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Peng Chi‐Jiun , Chen Hsiu‐Ling , Chiu Cheng‐Hsun , Fang Jim‐Min 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFlagellin (FliC) can act as a carrier protein in the preparation of conjugate vaccines to elicit a T‐cell‐dependent immune response and as an intrinsic adjuvant to activate the toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR5) to enhance vaccine potency. To enable the use of FliC as a self‐adjuvanting carrier, an effective method for site‐selective modification (SSM) of pertinent amino‐acid residues in the D2 and D3 domains of FliC is explored without excessive modification of the D0 and D1 domains, which are responsible for activating and binding with TLR5. In highly concentrated Na2SO4 solution, FliC monomers form flagellar filaments, in which the D0 and D1 domains are situated inside the tubular structure. Thus, the lysine residues (K219, K224, K324, and K331) in the D2 and D3 domains of flagellin are selectively modified by a diazo‐transfer reaction with imidazole‐1‐sulfonyl azide. The sites with azido modification are confirmed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS, ESI‐TOF‐MS, and LC–MS/MS analyses along with label‐free quantitation. The azido‐modified filament dissolves to give FliC monomers, which can conjugate with alkyne‐hinged saccharides by the click reaction. Transmission electron microscopy imaging, dynamic light scattering measurements, and the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase reporter assay indicate that the modified FliC monomers retain the ability either to bind with TLR5 or to reassemble into filaments. Overall, this study establishes a feasible method for the SSM of FliC by steric self‐protection of the D0 and D1 domains.
Improvement in the Photobiological Hydrogen Production of Aggregated Chlorella by Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Shu Lei , Xiong Wei , Shao Changyu , Huang Tingting , Duan Pengqiang , Liu Kun , Xu Xurong , Ma Weimin , Tang Ruikang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotobiological hydrogen production plays a vital role in generating clean renewable energy owing to its low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. Although materials‐induced Chlorella aggregates have been developed to achieve sustained photobiological hydrogen production under normal aerobic conditions, the yield is relatively low and equals only 0.42 % of the light‐to‐H2 energy‐conversion efficiency. Herein, we report that only 0.5 vol % dimethyl sulfoxide in an aqueous environment significantly enhances the H2 yield produced by aggregated Chlorella, reaching 0.69 % of the light‐to‐H2 energy‐conversion efficiency. This improvement can be attributed to an increase in the cellular respiration rate by dimethyl sulfoxide, which results in a decrease in the oxygen content inside the aggregates and, ultimately, to the activation of more hydrogenases. More generally, this strategy consists of a functional enhancement in organism–material hybrids by using small molecules.
Novel myophosphorylase mutation (p.Arg94Pro) with progressive exercise intolerance
Authors: Nabavi Nouri Maryam , Lamhonwah Anne‐Marie , Tein Ingrid 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe present a 16‐year‐old girl with a unique clinical phenotype characterized by rapidly progressive exercise intolerance, transient exertional weakness, and progressive muscle cramps involving all limbs and bulbar muscles, following a first myoglobinuric episode at age 15 years, arising from homozygosity for a novel missense mutation (c.281G>C) in PYGM.
Mesoporous Perovskite Nanotube‐Array Enhanced Metallic‐State Platinum Dispersion for Low Temperature Propane Oxidation
Authors: Wang Sibo , Du Shoucheng , Tang Wenxiang , Hoang Son , Lu Xingxu , Xiao Wen , Zhang Bo , Weng Junfei , Schneer Evan , Guo Yanbing , Ding Jun , Zhang Zhaoliang , Gao Pu‐Xian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPlagued by low surface area and limited oxidation activity at low temperature, perovskite‐type LaMnO3 based catalysts also suffer from poor hydrothermal stability. In this communication, mesoporous nanotube arrays of LaMnO3‐Pt were successfully derived from core/shell nanorod arrays with significantly increased surface area through diluted acid etching. Surface Mn4+ population is boosted to compensate La cation deficiency and enhance low temperature reducibility of nanotube arrays, enabling surface dispersion of abundant metallic‐state Pt nanoparticles. As a result, significantly enhanced catalytic propane oxidation was achieved in such a new class of perovskite/Pt nanotube array integrated structured catalysts.
Activation of Molecular Oxygen Using Durable Cobalt Encapsulated with Nitrogen‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Shells for Aerobic Oxidation of Lignin‐Derived Alcohols
Authors: Sun Yuxia , Ma Hong , Luo Yang , Zhang Shujing , Gao Jin , Xu Jie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt has long been a challenge for activating O2 by transition‐metal nanocatalysts, which might lose activity due to strong tendency for oxidation. Herein, O2 could be activated by durable encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) with N‐doped graphitic carbon shells (Co@N‐C), but not by encapsulated cobalt NPs with graphitic carbon, exposed cobalt NPs supported on activated carbon, or N‐doped carbon. Electron paramagnetic resonance, real‐time in situ FTIR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry measurements demonstrated the generation of the highly active superoxide radical, O2.−. This unique ability enables Co@N‐C to afford an excellent catalytic performance in model aerobic oxidation of monomeric lignin‐derived alcohols. Further analysis elucidated that encapsulated cobalt and nitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon might contribute to the capacity through influencing the electronic properties of outer layers. Moreover, through isolation by N‐doped graphitic carbon shells, the inner metallic cobalt NPs are inaccessible in term of either alcohols or oxygenated products, and a distinctive resistance to leaching and agglomeration has been achieved.
Biomineralization State of Viruses and Their Biological Potential
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Xueyao , Xiao Yun , Hao Haibin , Zhang Ying , Tang Ruikang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn nature, viruses can realize self‐mineralization under metal‐ion‐abundant conditions. Interestingly, the mineralized state is a transition state of the virus when the host is not available. Mammalian viruses that share the similar chemical properties also stand a chance of transformation into a mineralized state. In this review, we focus on the possibility of mammalian viruses to undergo mineralization under a physiological environment and the development of biomineralized‐based virus engineering. We will introduce the effect of biomineralization on the physiochemical or biological properties of viruses and we will discuss the relationship between mineral composition and biological potentials. The new biological prospects of mineralized‐state viruses, including bypassing biological barriers, protection, and virus–host recognition, will provide new insight for the biosecurity and prevention of viral infection. With respect to vaccines, the mineralized state can modulate the immune recognition, change the immunization route, and elevate the vaccine efficacy. Together, these findings of the mineralized state of the virus may lead to a new understanding of virus biology, application, and prevention.
Influence of alkali metal (Li and Cs) addition to Mo2N catalyst for CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbons and oxygenates
Authors: Zaman Sharif F. , Pasupulety Nagaraju , Al‐Zahrani Abdulrahim A. , Daous Muhammad A. , Driss Hafedh , Al‐Shahrani Saad S. , Petrov Lachezar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this work is to understand the catalytic behaviour of Li and Cs promoted Mo2N for CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbons and oxygenates at the reaction conditions 275–325 °C, 7 MPa, and 30 000 h−1 GHSV. Molybdenum nitrides were synthesized via temperature programmed treatment of ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM) and alkali metal (AM) precursors under continuous gaseous ammonia flow. Unpromoted Mo2N and AM‐Mo2N catalysts were characterized using BET‐pore size, X‐ray diffraction, TPD‐mass of CO, HR‐TEM, and XPS techniques. Nominal loadings of 1, 5, and 10 wt% of Li and Cs were selected for these studies. At a 10 % CO conversion level, the total oxygenate selectivity of 28, 11, and 6.5 % was observed on 5Cs‐Mo2N, 5Li‐Mo2N, and unpromoted Mo2N, respectively. The decreased oxygenate selectivity for unpromoted Mo2N was mainly associated with CO dissociative hydrogenation on Moδ+ sites. On the other hand, improved molecular CO insertion into −CxHy intermediate accelerates the total oxygenate formation on the Cs‐Mo‐N catalyst. However, during nitridation, crystal structure changes were observed in Li‐Mo‐N and the obtained oxygenates selectivity was attributed to the Li2MoO4 phases. At lower AM loadings, the active sites corresponding to oxygenates formation were inadequate, and at higher AM loadings, surface metallic molybdenum decreased the total oxygenate selectivity.
Changes in physicochemical properties of activated carbon during treatment with supercritical water
Authors: Zhang Yuechao , Tian Senlin , Gu Junjie , Ning Ping , Li Yingjie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe investigated the changes in activated carbon (AC) physicochemical properties during treatment with supercritical water (SCW). Experimental results show that SCW treatment can increase the specific surface area and pore volume of AC. Scanning electron microscopy proves that the AC surface undergoes severe corrosion, resulting in the exposure of highly porous structures. In addition, the point‐of‐zero charge of AC increases after SCW treatment without the addition of HCl, H2SO4, and H2O2. This result is confirmed by the presence of C≡C and −OH functional moieties, as established through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Temperature programmed desorption profiles suggest that the decomposition of AC in the SCW treatment produces pyrone and anhydride functional groups. According to the above results, SCW treatment increases the adsorption capacities of AC. In SCW catalytic processes, therefore, active components removed from the surface of AC‐supported catalysts are directly involved in reactions that enhance the catalytic activity.
Representation of the stomatopod's retinal midband in the optic lobes: Putative neural substrates for integrating chromatic, achromatic and polarization information
Authors: Thoen Hanne Halkinrud , Sayre Marcel E. , Marshall Justin , Strausfeld Nicholas James 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStomatopods have an elaborate visual system served by a retina that is unique to this class of pancrustaceans. Its upper and lower eye hemispheres encode luminance and linear polarization while an equatorial band of photoreceptors termed the midband detects color, circularly polarized light and linear polarization in the ultraviolet. In common with many malacostracan crustaceans, stomatopods have stalked eyes, but they can move these independently within three degrees of rotational freedom. Both eyes separately use saccadic and scanning movements but they can also move in a coordinated fashion to track selected targets or maintain a forward eyestalk posture during swimming. Visual information is initially processed in the first two optic neuropils, the lamina and the medulla, where the eye's midband is represented by enlarged regions within each neuropil that contain populations of neurons, the axons of which are segregated from the neuropil regions subtending the hemispheres. Neuronal channels representing the midband extend from the medulla to the lobula where populations of putative inhibitory glutamic acid decarboxylase‐positive neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive neurons intrinsic to the lobula have specific associations with the midband. Here we investigate the organization of the midband representation in the medulla and the lobula in the context of their overall architecture. We discuss the implications of observed arrangements, in which midband inputs to the lobula send out collaterals that extend across the retinotopic mosaic pertaining to the hemispheres. This organization suggests an integrative design that diverges from the eumalacostracan ground pattern and, for the stomatopod, enables color and polarization information to be integrated with luminance information that presumably encodes shape and motion.
GraphBAD: A general technique for anomaly detection in security information and event management
Authors: Parkinson Simon , Vallati Mauro , Crampton Andrew , Sohrabi Shirin 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe reliance on expert knowledge—required for analysing security logs and performing security audits—has created an unhealthy balance, where many computer users are not able to correctly audit their security configurations and react to potential security threats. The decreasing cost of IT and the increasing use of technology in domestic life are exacerbating this problem, where small companies and home IT users are not able to afford the price of experts for auditing their system configuration. In this paper, we present GraphBAD, a graph‐based analysis tool that is able to analyse security configurations in order to identify anomalies that could lead to potential security risks. GraphBAD, which does not require any prior domain knowledge, generates graph‐based models from security configuration data and, by analysing such models, is able to propose mitigation plans that can help computer users in increasing the security of their systems. A large experimental analysis, conducted on both publicly available (the well‐known KDD dataset) and synthetically generated testing sets (file system permissions), demonstrates the ability of GraphBAD in correctly identifying security configuration anomalies and suggesting appropriate mitigation plans.
Processing of Citrus Nanostructured Cellulose: A Rigorous Design‐of‐Experiment Study of the Hydrothermal Microwave‐Assisted Selective Scissoring Process
Authors: Matharu Avtar S. , de Melo Eduardo M. , Remón Javier , Wang Shuting , Abdulina Alima , Kontturi Eero 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA detailed design‐of‐experiment (DoE) study to investigate the cause–effect interactions of three process variables, that is, temperature (120–200 °C), holding time (0–30 min), and concentration (1.4–5.0 wt %), on the processing of citrus cellulosic matter using acid‐free microwave‐assisted selective scissoring (Hy‐MASS) is reported. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that post‐microwave processing, the yield of cellulosic matter (25–72 %), decomposition temperature (345–373 °C), and crystallinity index (34–67 %) were strongly affected by temperature. SEM and TEM analyses showed that the isolated cellulosic matter was heterogeneous and consisted of a mixture of micro‐ and nanofibers more akin to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) at low processing temperatures and tending towards aggregated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) at higher processing temperatures. The water holding capacity of the processed cellulosic matter (15–27 g g−1) was higher than the original feedstock or previously reported values. The average molecular weight of the cellulosic matter (113.6–1095.9 kg mol−1) decreased significantly by a factor of 10 at operating temperatures above 180 °C, invoking significant scissoring of the cellulosic chains. The process energy input and costs varied between 0.142–0.624 kWh and 13–373 € kg−1, respectively, and strongly depended on the reaction time.
Exploring the phylogeography of a hexaploid freshwater fish by RAD sequencing
Authors: Stobie Cora Sabriel , Oosthuizen Carel J. , Cunningham Michael J. , Bloomer Paulette 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe KwaZulu‐Natal yellowfish (Labeobarbus natalensis) is an abundant cyprinid, endemic to KwaZulu‐Natal Province, South Africa. In this study, we developed a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset from double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing of samples across the distribution. We addressed several hidden challenges, primarily focusing on proper filtering of RAD data and selecting optimal parameters for data processing in polyploid lineages. We used the resulting high‐quality SNP dataset to investigate the population genetic structure of L. natalensis. A small number of mitochondrial markers present in these data had disproportionate influence on the recovered genetic structure. The presence of singleton SNPs also confounded genetic structure. We found a well‐supported division into northern and southern lineages, with further subdivision into five populations, one of which reflects north–south admixture. Approximate Bayesian Computation scenario testing supported a scenario where an ancestral population diverged into northern and southern lineages, which then diverged to yield the current five populations. All river systems showed similar levels of genetic diversity, which appears unrelated to drainage system size. Nucleotide diversity was highest in the smallest river system, the Mbokodweni, which, together with adjacent small coastal systems, should be considered as a key catchment for conservation.
Water use strategies for two dominant tree species in pure and mixed plantations of the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Tang Yakun , Wu Xu , Chen Yunming , Wen Jie , Xie Yuli , Lu Senbao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the water sources and physiological responses to soil moisture pulses for plantation species, particularly in mixed plantations, are essential to assess the water use strategy and vegetation restoration in semiarid regions. We used hydrogen stable isotopes in plant and soil water to determine the potential water sources forPinus tabuliformisandHippophae rhamnoidesin both pure and mixed plantations in the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau during the vigorous growing season (June–August) in 2016. Stomatal conductance (gc), midday leaf water potential (Ψm) and photosynthetic rate (Pr) were measured concurrently to analyse the physiological response. TheP. tabuliformisin the pure plantation depended largely on shallow and middle soil layers regardless of precipitation amount, permitting this species to maintain stable Ψmat the expense of Prthrough stomatal control. In contrast,H. rhamnoidesin the pure plantation shifted its water source from shallow to deep soil layers following decreases in precipitation, allowing this species to maintain stable gcand Prat the expense of Ψm. Thus,P. tabuliformisandH. rhamnoidesdisplayed isohydric and anisohydric behaviour, respectively. Additionally, both species in mixed plantations largely absorbed water from shallow soil layers and shifted to deep soil layers when precipitation decreased. Mixed afforestation significantly reduced (p < .05) PrforP. tabuliformisand ΨmforH. rhamnoides. Although contrasting physiological responses were adopted by these species, the major proportion of water resources were competitively obtained from similar soil depths—indicating that their mixed afforestation requires further investigation.
Feral horses influence both spatial and temporal patterns of water use by native ungulates in a semi‐arid environment
Authors: Hall Lucas K. , Larsen Randy T. , Knight Robert N. , McMillan Brock R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe horse (Equus caballus) is a feral ungulate that currently exceeds target population sizes in many areas of western North America. Horses are behaviorally dominant over native ungulates and outcompete the latter for access to water sources. However, a better understanding of the broader spatial and temporal implications of horse‐induced competition on access to water by native ungulates will enable better conservation and management of native species. Our objective was to determine whether pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) spatially or temporally altered their use of water to minimize interactions with horses. From 2010 to 2014, we used remote cameras to monitor ungulates at 32 water sources in the Great Basin Desert. We evaluated spatial and temporal partitioning by these species at water sources using generalized linear models, mixed‐effects models, and Mann–Whitney U tests. We found that both native ungulates used water sources less often where horse activity at water sources was high, indicating that spatial avoidance occurred. Further, we observed significant differences in peak arrival time for pronghorn, but not mule deer at horse‐occupied sites versus sites where horses were absent or uncommon, indicating that temporal avoidance may be more important for pronghorn than mule deer. Because mule deer are primarily crepuscular and nocturnal whereas horses are largely diurnal, we did not expect to observe a temporal shift for mule deer. We also found strong support for the interactive negative effect of elevated temperature and subsequent increased activity of horses at water sources on drinking patterns of pronghorn and mule deer. Our findings indicate that feral horses further constrain access to an already limited resource for native species in a semi‐arid environment.