bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submerged macrophytes can counterbalance the negative effects of rising temperature and eutrophication by inhibiting the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria and adjusting their morphology and physiology
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Rong , Jeppesen Erik , Zhang Enlou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Climate‐driven changes in temperature and high nutrient inputs from anthropogenic activities significantly impact the interactions between submerged macrophytes and phytoplankton, potentially causing regime shifts in shallow freshwater lakes. Cyanobacteria, in particular, are predicted to become dominant among the phytoplankton under climate change, contributing to the collapse of submerged macrophytes. This study aimed to explore how submerged macrophytes and phytoplankton respond to rising temperatures and nutrient addition, how the presence of submerged macrophytes influences the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria, and how submerged macrophytes adapt their morphology and physiology to cope with excess phytoplankton.

We conducted a fully factorial experiment consisting of two temperature conditions (low and high temperature), two nutrient conditions (with and without nutrient addition) and two plant conditions (plant presence and absence). We analysed changes in phytoplankton biomass and diversity (taxonomic and functional) in response to rising temperatures and nutrient addition. The maximum photochemical efficiency of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the maximum relative electron transport rates (rETRmax) of cyanobacteria were determined. We measured the response of macrophytes to environmental changes by measuring antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as morphological indicators like plant height, weight, and the relative growth rate.

In the absence of submerged macrophytes, rising temperatures led to higher total phytoplankton biomass and cyanobacteria dominance alongside reduced taxonomic and functional diversity. Conversely, when submerged macrophytes were present and no nutrients were added, rising temperatures did not lead to increased phytoplankton biomass.

Macrophytes can suppress undesirable cyanobacterial proliferation by competing for nutrients and inhibiting Fv/Fm. Furthermore, under conditions of environmental stress, such as high chlorophyll a concentrations due to nutrient inputs, submerged macrophytes adapted by increasing height and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD and CAT.

Within the context of climate warming and increased nutrient inputs, phytoplankton growth, especially of cyanobacteria, may be favoured. However, our study demonstrated the critical role of submerged macrophytes in inhibiting phytoplankton, especially when nutrients were controlled. By using these physiological indicators to assess the life activity of organisms, our research provided new insights into macrophyte‐phytoplankton relationships during regime shifts in aquatic ecosystems.
Novel imaging techniques for tumor margin detection in basal cell carcinoma: a systematic scoping review of FDA and EMA‐approved imaging modalities
Authors: Boostani Mehdi , Bozsányi Szabolcs , Suppa Mariano , Cantisani Carmen , Lőrincz Kende , Bánvölgyi András , Holló Péter , Wikonkál Norbert M. , Huss Wendy J. , Brady Kimberly L. , Paragh Gyorgy , Kiss Norbert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the gold standard for removing basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) due to its ability to guarantee 100% margin evaluation through frozen section histopathology, offering the highest cure rate among current treatments. However, noninvasive imaging technologies have emerged as promising alternatives to clinical assessment for defining presurgical margins. This systematic scoping review examines the efficacy of these imaging modalities, focusing on those approved for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A systematic search of EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Public Library databases identified 11 relevant studies out of 2123 records, encompassing 644 lesions across five imaging techniques. The findings suggest that dermoscopy, high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), line‐field optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) show potential in detecting BCC margins, which could enhance MMS by providing better preoperative planning, informing patients of expected defect size, aiding in reconstruction decisions, and reducing overall procedure costs. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of each technique, offering insights into how these innovations could influence the future of BCC management. Emerging imaging techniques could enhance MMS by improving BCC margin assessment and reducing costs. Their adoption will depend on price and ease of use.
The importance of belonging: Interactions between individual and structural risk factors for youth‐disengagement
Authors: Rønningstad Chris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAre disengagement risks lower when youths are surrounded by others with similar risk traits? Applying theoretical perspectives of belonging and residential context, this study examines interactional effects between individual and structural risk factors for youth‐disengagement. From registry data of 590,085 Norwegians aged 16–24, the study finds less disengagement among youths in municipalities where an above‐average rate of individuals shared individual risk‐traits of immigrant background, young parenthood, and not completing high school. Youths with parents on social welfare had an increased risk of disengagement in municipalities with above average rates of people on social welfare. Sex‐stratified analysis reveals that men and women benefit from belonging to different risk‐groups. In challenging the prevailing segmented approach to individual and structural risk factors for youth‐disengagement, the findings demonstrate the need for continued examination of gender, belonging and residential context as theoretical perspectives.
The pressure injury prevalence and practice improvements (PIPPI) study: A multiple methods evaluation of pressure injury prevention practices in an acute‐care hospital
Authors: Sim Jenny , Wilson Valerie , Tuqiri Karen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPressure injuries are a significant problem for immobile patients in acute care and can have a profound impact on patients' health and well‐being, putting pressure on healthcare systems and strain on the healthcare economy. Nurses play a pivotal role in preventing pressure injuries. A study using multiple methods was conducted to explore pressure injury prevention practices in four inpatient units within a tertiary‐level Australian Hospital. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather data across a 9‐month period. Observations, audits, surveys and interviews were used to collect data across five time points. Statistical analysis of the quantitative data was undertaken, and thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Data were integrated using a realist evaluation framework. Ethical approval for the study was granted. The quantitative results demonstrated significant reductions in pressure injury prevalence from 11.5% at commencement to 4.8% at completion of the study. Hospital‐acquired pressure injuries also reduced from 4.6% to 1.9%. These results were achieved even though nursing knowledge and attitudes did not increase during the study period. Three qualitative themes were identified: Making Nursing Care Visible, Understanding the ‘Why’ and Engagement is Key. This study demonstrates that pressure injuries can be prevented with improvements in nursing care processes. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention did not change throughout this study and further research is required on how nurses' knowledge and attitudes contribute towards pressure injury prevention practices.
Effects of process parameters on deposition behavior and mechanical properties of alumina coatings by aerosol deposition
Authors: Xie Bingying , Hassan‐Naji Rana , Hall David A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs a novel coating spray technique, the aerosol deposition method is applied for the fabrication of dense, nanostructured ceramic coatings at room temperature via an impact consolidation mechanism. It is widely recognized that the successful deposition of coatings is strongly dependent on processing parameters during the deposition process. In this study, a brush‐type aerosol generator was employed to enhance the continuity and stability of the aerosol supply. The uniformity of powder consumption at different packing densities was evaluated; an optimal loading density of 33% was identified for the alumina powders used in this study. Both simulation and experimental studies were performed to investigate the influence of gas flow rate and standoff distance (SoD) on coating fabrication and properties. The predicted particle impact velocity increased with increasing gas flow intensity and SoD, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties of the coatings, including adhesive strength and hardness. The maximum compressive residual stress value of 389 MPa was determined for an alumina coating fabricated at a gas flow rate of 20 L/min.
The impact of computer‐assisted and direct strategy teaching on reading comprehension
Authors: Bulut Aydın , Yıldız Mustafa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe use of computer‐assisted reading comprehension is of critical importance in the context of promoting effective and engaging literacy education in the digital age. It provides students with the opportunity to work at their own pace and convenience, thereby facilitating self‐directed learning and accommodating various learning preferences and schedules.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to investigate the impact of computer‐assisted and direct strategy teaching on reading comprehension, reading comprehension self‐efficacy and reading comprehension metacognitive awareness. An experimental application based on the SQ4R strategy was conducted in the direct strategy teaching (DST) and computer‐assisted strategy teaching (CAST) programmes. In the DST group, the implementation of the SQ4R strategy was conducted through direct strategy teaching, whereas in the CAST group, the same activities were carried out with the assistance of computer‐based resources. The principal objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of computer‐assisted strategy instruction.MethodsThis study employed a combined sequential descriptive design, integrating qualitative and quantitative research models. The study was conducted with 61 fourth‐grade students, enrolled in three classrooms of a public school situated in the central district of Kastamonu, Turkey, which is characterised by a moderate socioeconomic level. The quantitative component of the study was designed as a pre‐test–post‐test control group experimental study. The qualitative component of the study comprised focus group interviews and observation. Two experimental groups and one control group were established in the course of this study. In the quantitative dimension of the combined sequential descriptive model, the Reading Comprehension Test, Metacognitive Reading Comprehension Scale, and Reading Comprehension Self‐Efficacy Scale were employed as data collection instruments. In order to collect data in the qualitative dimension, semi‐structured interview and observation forms were employed. Furthermore, the researcher's diaries, maintained throughout the research process, were employed as a data source. The quantitative data were analysed using the following techniques: arithmetic mean, frequency, percentage, standard deviation, ANOVA and covariance analysis (ANCOVA). A descriptive analysis was employed for the evaluation of the qualitative data.Results and ConclusionsUpon examination of the post‐test scores of the CAST, DST and control group students in the Reading Comprehension Test, it was observed that the CAST group exhibited the highest average. A statistically significant difference was also identified between the CAST group and the control group. Nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was identified between the DST group and the control group. Nevertheless, an examination of the mean scores reveals that the DST group exhibited considerably higher Reading Comprehension Test scores.
The risk of type 2‐diabetes among persons with intellectual disability: a Danish population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Thorsted A. , Lehn S. F. , Kofoed‐Enevoldsen A. , Andersen A. , Heltberg A. , Michelsen S. I. , Thygesen L. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research shows that obesity, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity and a high use of psychotropic medications are prevalent among persons with intellectual disability (ID), which might increase the risk of type 2‐diabetes (T2DM). This study aims to investigate: (1) whether persons with ID have an increased risk of T2DM compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched reference group and (2) differences in T2DM risk by sex, birth year, ID inclusion diagnosis and ID severity.MethodsThis study is a nationwide cohort study, including 65 293 persons with ID and 659 723 persons in an age‐ and sex‐matched reference group without ID. Incidence rates for T2DM were calculated and Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the association between ID and T2DM. Follow‐up began from the 1 January 1977 (when T2DM data were available), participants' 22nd birthday or from the date the participants immigrated to Denmark, whichever came last and continued until the onset of T2DM, emigration, death or end of follow‐up (31 December 2021), whichever came first.ResultsPersons with ID had more than double risk of T2DM compared with the reference group [aHR = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.09–2.20]. The strongest associations were found among women, persons born between 1980 and 1999 and among persons with mild ID.ConclusionsPersons with ID have an increased risk of T2DM. This knowledge is important in relation to the development and prioritising of preventive initiatives among persons with ID in the healthcare sector. Future research should focus on the underlying mechanisms that can explain the possible association between ID and T2DM as it allows a more targeted prevention strategy.
Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy
Authors: Ghannam Suzan F. , Rutland Catrin Sian , Allegrucci Cinzia , Mather Melissa L. , Alsaleem Mansour , Bateman‐Price Thomas D. , Patke Rodhan , Ball Graham , Mongan Nigel P. , Rakha Emad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is characterised by a high level of heterogeneity, which is influenced by the interaction of neoplastic cells with the tumour microenvironment. The diagnostic and prognostic role of the tumour stroma in BC remains to be defined. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a label‐free imaging technique well suited to visualise weak optical phase objects such as cells and tissue. This study aims to compare stromal collagen fibre characteristics between in situ and invasive breast tumours using DIC microscopy and investigate the prognostic value of collagen parameters in BC. A tissue microarray was generated from 200 cases, comprising ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; n = 100) and invasive tumours (n = 100) with an extra 50 (25 invasive BC and 25 DCIS) cases for validation was utilised. Two sections per case were used: one stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain for histological review and one unstained for examination using DIC microscopy. Collagen fibre parameters including orientation angle, fibre alignment, fibre density, fibre width, fibre length and fibre straightness were measured. Collagen fibre density was higher in the stroma of invasive BC (161.68 ± 11.2 fibre/µm2) compared to DCIS (p < 0.0001). The collagen fibres were thinner (13.78 ± 1.08 µm), straighter (0.96 ± 0.006, on a scale of 0–1), more disorganised (95.07° ± 11.39°) and less aligned (0.20 ± 0.09, on a 0–1 scale) in the invasive BC compared to DCIS (all p < 0.0001). A model considering these features was developed that could distinguish between DCIS and invasive tumours with 94% accuracy. There were strong correlations between fibre characteristics and clinicopathological parameters in both groups. A statistically significant association between fibre characteristics and patients’ outcomes (breast cancer specific survival, and recurrence free survival) was observed in the invasive group but not in DCIS. Although invasive BC and DCIS were both associated with stromal reaction, the structural features of collagen fibres were significantly different in the two disease stages. Analysis of the stroma fibre characteristics in the preoperative core biopsy specimen may help to differentiate pure DCIS from those associated with invasion.
Sex differences in the influence of adult‐onset hypothyroidism on hippocampal progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation in mice
Authors: Kapri Darshana , Pradhan Amartya , Vuruputuri Ratna Mahathi , Vaidya Vidita A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ongoing production of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus is reported to be sensitive to perturbations of thyroid hormone signaling, in male rats and mice. Here, we examined whether the neurogenic changes evoked by adult‐onset hypothyroidism exhibit sex differences, using male and female C57BL/6N mice. We assessed the impact of goitrogen‐induced, adult‐onset hypothyroidism on the postmitotic survival and differentiation of hippocampal progenitors in male and female mice. Adult‐onset hypothyroidism evoked a significant decline in the postmitotic survival and neuronal differentiation of adult‐born progenitors within the dentate gyrus hippocampal subfield of male, but not female, mice. We observed a significant decrease in the number of immature neurons within the hippocampi of adult‐onset hypothyroid male mice, whereas adult‐onset hypothyroidism evoked by goitrogens using the same treatment paradigms did not evoke any change in immature neuron number in female mice. Gene expression analysis within the hippocampi of euthyroid male and female mice revealed sex‐dependent, differential expression of thyroid hormone receptor genes, as well as genes linked to thyroid hormone metabolism and transport. Collectively, our findings highlight sex differences in the influence of goitrogen‐induced, adult‐onset hypothyroidism on hippocampal neurogenesis, with male, but not female, mice exhibiting a decline in postmitotic hippocampal progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation. These findings underscore the importance of sex as a vital variable when considering the impact of thyroid hormone signaling on the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche.
HArmonyCa™ hybrid filler to restore connective tissue: An Italian real‐life retrospective study
Authors: Proietti Ilaria , Spagnoli Alessandra , Favaroni Alison , Gritti Alessandro , Dal Canton Marco , Quartucci Sandro , Sciuto Chantal , Bertossi Dario , Patalano Mariagrazia , Cavallini Maurizio , Saliani Maria Teresa , Kefalas Nicola , Angelone Enrica , Mogavero Selene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFacial aging and dermal conditions may negatively influence the quality of life, leading patients to seek aesthetic procedures to restore a more satisfying appearance. HArmonyCa™ is a recently developed hybrid filler that combines the actions of the most common dermal fillers, hyaluronic acid (HA) and calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA).AimsThis study investigates the efficacy and safety of HArmonyCa™ in patients affected by chrono‐ and photoaging and several facial skin conditions.Patients/MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐nine patients, affected by chrono‐ and photoaging, and skin conditions such as oily and acne‐prone skin, rosacea, or scarring, were treated with HArmonyCa™. Injections followed the retrograde linear fanning technique. A physicians' consensus identified five optimal entry points. The physician and patients assessed treatment outcomes using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) 9 months after treatment (including immediate lift effect, skin firmness, and elasticity), and 3D images were taken for documentation. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated immediately after the procedure and after 9 months.ResultsAccording to the physician's assessments, all patients displayed an improvement in facial appearance, particularly during movement, with the patients' evaluation showing agreement. Only minor AEs were reporte, which resolved spontaneously. Moreover, HArmonyCa™ treatment proved compatible with different medications and aesthetic procedures.ConclusionsThis study shows that one treatment with HArmonyCa™ yields highly satisfactory outcomes in patients affected by skin conditions. For the first time, we show that HArmonyCa™ is a dynamic filler that improves facial laxity during movement. The treatment proved to be safe and fully compatible with other cosmetic procedures and medications.
Leveraging a Global Partnership to Address COVID‐19‐Related Mental Health Challenges
Authors: Pandian Vinciya , Sathiyaseelan Manoranjitham , Chang Chiu Angela , Ravindran Vinitha , Kverno Karan , Durai Sheela , Wilson Patty , Sony Alice , Rodney Tamar , Rediger Katherine , Nirmal Ida , Seetharaman Bala , Regier Natalie G. , Charles Helen Sujatha , Docal Maria , Farley Jason , Sadan Vathsala , Reynolds Nancy R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic profoundly affected nurses globally. As frontline workers, nurses faced increased responsibilities amid challenges such as isolation, infection risks, family obligations and disrupted social support systems. Coping with these challenges was associated with adverse mental health outcomes.Aim/QuestionThis perspective paper examines a collaboration between two schools of nursing in the United States and India to address these mental health challenges.MethodsFaculty from both institutions identified key mental health topics, leading to five webinars that delved into topics such as acute and long‐term impacts of COVID‐19 on nurse mental health, coping mechanisms, caregiving responsibilities and children's needs during the pandemic.ResultsImpressively, over 11,000 nurses from 60 countries engaged, fostering a global platform for sharing evidence‐based knowledge, experiences and strategies.Implications for PracticeThis partnership exemplifies the value of international collaboration. By pooling resources and expertise across cultural contexts, the initiative not only disseminated crucial knowledge but also cultivated a sense of global community among nurses. The success of this collaboration underscores the potential of such global partnerships for healthcare institutions worldwide, offering avenues to share best practices and enhance support systems for nurses confronting similar crises globally.