bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformal Multi‐Target Hyperrectangles
Authors: Sampson Max , Chan Kung‐Sik 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose conformal hyperrectangular prediction regions for multi‐target regression. We propose split conformal prediction algorithms for both point and quantile regression to form hyperrectangular prediction regions, which allow for easy marginal interpretation and do not require covariance estimation. In practice, it is preferable that a prediction region is balanced, that is, having identical marginal prediction coverage, since prediction accuracy is generally equally important across components of the response vector. The proposed algorithms possess two desirable properties, namely, tight asymptotic overall nominal coverage as well as asymptotic balance, that is, identical asymptotic marginal coverage, under mild conditions. We then compare our methods to some existing methods on both simulated and real data sets. Our simulation results and real data analysis show that our methods outperform existing methods while achieving the desired nominal coverage and good balance between dimensions.
Green Synthesis and Applications of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Chemistry
Authors: Narayanan Mathiyazhagan , Sołowski Gaweł , Özdemir Fethi Ahmet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNumerous case studies have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can help address raw material challenges in biomedical as well as healthcare‐related fields. The NPs derived from metal as well as metal oxide have exhibited remarkable therapeutic potential in clinical research. The strategies for nanomaterials interaction with cells can be employed to demonstrate their significance as well as enhance their optimistic potential in the health as well as medical domain. There have been numerous scientific initiatives to discuss antibiotic resistance as well as the antibacterial properties of metal‐based NPs. Regardless of such advancements; there is still a need to investigate their achievement to address current challenges in this field. Thus, this review looks into the contributions of various types of nanoparticles, as well as potential biological and biomedical applications. According to recent advancements as well as applications, metal oxide, and metal‐based NPs are predicted to play a significant part in the healthcare system. The opportunities, as well as challenges for NP commercial advancement, are linked to improving production with optimized scenarios.
Assessment of Hazards in the High‐Pressure Continuous Flow Reactor for Dimethyl Ether (DME) Synthesis
Authors: Ekinci Emine , Ekinci Mustafa Serhat , Karaman Birce 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to conduct a thorough hazard analysis specifically tailored to identify hazards and suggest precautions associated with the intricate process of dimethyl ether (DME) production. This exothermic nature of DME production introduces the critical concern of thermal runaway. Furthermore, the DME synthesis process demands precise control over both pressure and flow rate. These parameters are important for increasing DME selectivity and CO conversion. Inadequate monitoring of these values may not only prevent the synthesis from proceeding but may also lead to major risks to health and safety. For this reason, proactive measures must be implemented to eliminate or minimize the risks. The significance of such measures cannot be overstated, as they serve to safeguard not only the integrity of the synthesis process but also the surrounding environment and human health. To delve deeper into the hazard evaluation, a comprehensive Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis has been carried out, focusing specifically on the reactor within the DME process. This methodical examination involves a systematic review of potential deviations, identifying the associated hazards, and proposing effective preventive measures. The HAZOP analysis serves as a pivotal tool in ensuring the overall safety and reliability of the DME process.
Stationary covariance regime for affine stochastic covariance models in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Friesen Martin , Karbach Sven 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces stochastic covariance models in Hilbert spaces with stationary affine instantaneous covariance processes. We explore the applications of these models in the context of forward curve dynamics within fixed-income and commodity markets. The affine instantaneous covariance process is defined on positive self-adjoint Hilbert–Schmidt operators, and we prove the existence of a unique limit distribution for subcritical affine processes, provide convergence rates of the transition kernels in the Wasserstein distance of order $p \in [1,2]$
p
∈
[
1
,
2
]
, and give explicit formulas for the first two moments of the limit distribution. Our results allow us to introduce affine stochastic covariance models in the stationary covariance regime and to investigate the behaviour of the implied forward volatility for large forward dates in commodity forward markets.
The effect of health facility ownership on perceived healthcare quality: evidence from Ghana
Authors: Bawuah Alex , Appleton Simon , Li Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhether private healthcare providers should be encouraged over public providers remains unclear. On the one hand, because private providers are profit-driven, they are more motivated to compete for demand by enhancing quality if demand is elastic. However, because they are more motivated to maximize revenue, they may sacrifice quality to maximize profit. A crucial factor in determining whether private providers should be encouraged is the extent to which their quality exceeds or falls short of that of the public provider. This study, therefore, investigates whether the public and private differ in providing quality healthcare services using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Our measure of healthcare quality is based on patient satisfaction level with nine healthcare services (cleanliness, waiting time, comfort and safety, consultation time, privacy, listening, explanation, treatment advice and confidentiality) provided by public and private healthcare facilities. We applied an instrumental variable approach to account for endogeneity issues related to the patient’s choice of healthcare provider. We find that private facility users have a higher probability of being very satisfied with “waiting time”, “consultation time”, “listening”, “cleanliness”, “comfort and safety”, “confidentiality”, and “privacy” than public users, thus suggesting that private facilities provide better service than public. We thus recommend encouraging the private sector to enter the healthcare market. We also find that failing to account for endogeneity in provider choice when estimating the effect of healthcare facility ownership on healthcare service quality underestimates the effects.
Synergistic potential of stem cells and microfluidics in regenerative medicine
Authors: Rajalekshmi Resmi , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Regenerative medicine has immense potential to revolutionize healthcare by using regenerative capabilities of stem cells. Microfluidics, a cutting-edge technology, offers precise control over cellular microenvironments. The integration of these two fields provides a deep understanding of stem cell behavior and enables the development of advanced therapeutic strategies. This critical review explores the use of microfluidic systems to culture and differentiate stem cells with precision. We examined the use of microfluidic platforms for controlled nutrient supply, mechanical stimuli, and real-time monitoring, providing an unprecedented level of detail in studying cellular responses. The convergence of stem cells and microfluidics holds immense promise for tissue repair, regeneration, and personalized medicine. It offers a unique opportunity to revolutionize the approach to regenerative medicine, facilitating the development of advanced therapeutic strategies and enhancing healthcare outcomes.
Third-Generation L-Lactic Acid Biorefinery Approaches: Exploring the Viability of Macroalgae Detritus
Authors: Chong Soo Ling , Tan Inn Shi , Foo Henry Chee Yew , Lam Man Kee , Lee Keat Teong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRising concerns over fossil fuel depletion and plastic pollution have driven research into biodegradable alternatives, such as polylactic acid (PLA). Microbial fermentation is preferred for lactic acid production due to its ability to yield enantiomerically pure lactic acid, which is essential for PLA synthesis, unlike the racemic mixture from chemical synthesis. However, commercial lactic acid production using first-generation feedstocks faces challenges related to cost and sustainability. Macroalgae offer a promising alternative with their rapid growth rates and carbon capture capabilities. This review explores recent technological advancements in macroalgae physicochemical characterization, optimization of fermentation conditions, and innovative pretreatment methods to enhance sugar conversion rates for L-LA production. It also covers downstream processes for L-LA recovery, presenting a complete macroalgal biorefinery system. Environmental impacts and economic prospects are assessed through exergy and techno-economic analyses. By valorizing macroalgae detritus, this study underscores its potential to support a sustainable biorefinery industry, addressing economic feasibility and environmental impact.
One city to rule them all? The production of copper in Enkomi, Cyprus: the evidence from the metallurgical ceramic assemblage
Authors: Ioannides Demetrios , Kassianidou Vasiliki , Papasavvas George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe sociopolitical organisation of Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) is still an active field of scholarly debate. In the second half of the 2nd mil. BCE, the prevailing interpretations favour either a unified or a decentralised administration model on the island. Enkomi is listed as one of the most important Late Cypriot (LC) sites in both models. The rise of this urban centre can be largely attributed to the control of copper production during the LC period. The results of the chemical and microstructural analysis of the archaeometallurgical ceramic assemblage from the copper workshops in Area III at Enkomi are presented here. Our research revealed that the ceramics were exclusively used for copper-based secondary metallurgical activities. This project, the first in Cypriot archaeometallurgy to focus solely on technical ceramics, adds significant new knowledge to the reconstruction of the copper production organisation and Enkomi’s standing among the LC polities. Furthermore, these new findings pave the way for the development of a comparative analysis of the various stages of the copper production sequence in Cyprus, as reflected in metallurgical ceramic assemblages.
An unusually large ‘suspension-feeding’ fish from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Dorset: the first true record of Asthenocormus (Pachycormiformes: Asthenocorminae) in the UK
Authors: Cooper Samuel L. A. , Maxwell Erin E. , Martill David M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA partial caudal fin of a large-bodied asthenocormine pachycormiform (Pachycormiformes: Pachycormidae: Asthenocorminae) is described from the Upper Jurassic (lower Tithonian) Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Dorset, England. The specimen comprises associated fin rays, basal fulcra, ‘epurals’ and paired pre-caudal scutes, the combination and morphology of which is consistent with the large (2–3 m TL) edentulous, supposedly ‘suspension-feeding’ asthenocormine, Asthenocormus titanius (Wagner), presently known only from the Upper Jurassic plattenkalks of Bavaria, Germany. Asthenocormus has previously been documented in the literature as being present in the Middle and Upper Jurassic of England, however all of these specimens have been misattributed or since referred to different genera. However, the specimen from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation is here referred with confidence to Asthenocormus. Morphological variation in the pre-caudal dorsal scute of the new specimen compared to the Bavarian material suggest that the Kimmeridge Clay specimen likely represents a new species of Asthenocormus, although it is currently too poorly represented to diagnose, and hence we refer the specimen to Asthenocormus cf. titanius. The new specimen represents the first true record of Asthenocormus from the UK, thereby extending its known palaeobiogeographic distribution and further demonstrating faunal similarities between fish assemblage from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Dorset and the Solnhofen-type plattenkalks of southern Germany. Additional comments are also made on the hidden diversity of pachycormid fishes in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation.
The rise of the machines: are robots the future of renal artery aneurysm repair? A systematic review
Authors: Łajczak Paweł Marek , Nowakowski Przemysław , Jóźwik Kamil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRenal artery aneurysms (RAAs) are a rare vascular condition. Robot-assisted surgery offers a minimally invasive approach for RAA repair, potentially improving surgical outcomes. This review investigates the current evidence on the effectiveness and limitations of this technique. A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines identified relevant studies across five electronic databases. Studies investigating the use of robot-assisted surgery for RAA repair were included. The review identified 11 studies encompassing a total of 23 patients. Procedures included aneurysmectomy, end-to-end anastomosis, prosthetic graft repair, and even coil embolization. All surgeries were successful, with only minor complications reported in four cases. Robot-assisted RAA repair shows promise as a minimally invasive approach with encouraging preliminary outcomes. However, the limited data come from small studies. Future advancements in robotic technology hold the potential to optimize this approach for improved patient care.
Foraging ecology of Alpine mountain hares and European hares in the Alps: is competition about food a driving force in overlapping elevations?
Authors: Schai-Braun Stéphanie C. , Filli Flurin , Jenny Hannes , Zohmann‑Neuberger Margit , Queirós Joao , Alves Paulo C. , Hackländer Klaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis) and the European hare (Lepus europaeus) live parapatrically along the elevation gradient in the Alps with areas of overlap. Indications suggest competition between the two lagomorph species in overlapping areas. Resource partitioning in form of feeding niche differentiation may reduce competition and enable coexistence. The two hare species hybridise and produce fertile hybrids. To examine foraging behaviour of Alpine mountain hares, European hares and their hybrids in the Alps with particular interest in indications of competition between the two lagomorph species, we performed genetic analysis of hare faecal samples collected on five transects along the altitudinal gradient in the Alps in Grisons (Switzerland) at the middle and the end of the vegetation growth period in the year 2021. We then investigated visually foraging ecology using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIRS). We recorded 32 European hares, 50 Alpine mountain hares, and 18 hybrids. Foraging behaviour of the Alpine mountain hares was different from foraging behaviour of European hares and hybrids. Alpine mountain hares displayed a specialist’s foraging behaviour, whereas European hares and hybrids a generalist’s foraging behaviour. Some Alpine mountain hares inhabiting overlapping elevations with European hares showed feeding niche differentiation, whereas others showed similar feeding behaviour as European hares suggesting competition between the two species about food. Our study underlines that European hares living in the Alps might be a competitor to the Alpine mountain hare. As a specialist, the Alpine mountain hare will be susceptible to future environmental change due to climate change.
Beyond Sustainability, Toward Resilience, and Regeneration: An Integrative Framework for Archetypes of Regenerative Innovation
Authors: Yadav Vanita , Yadav Neetu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWicked problems of climate change, extreme weather events, pandemics, and rising inequality are pushing businesses to explore the next frontiers of resilience, innovation, and sustainability. Although previous studies have examined diverse aspects of resilience, innovation, and sustainability independently, attempts to integrate all three are limited. Further, in the literature, there is a growing need to adopt an interdisciplinary approach to regeneration for solving wicked problems. We aim to address this gap by combining a systematic literature review with practice review methodology to unearth evidence and research themes that integrate resilience, innovation, sustainability, circularity, and regeneration. In this paper, we present 10 cases, including diverse businesses and Net Zero Cities that have adopted business practices for regenerative, sustainable, and circular value creation. In doing so, we extend the discourse on sustainable or circular business models by proposing a definition of regenerative innovation and developing four archetypes of regenerative innovation (urban transformation innovation, technological innovation, responsible innovation, and business model innovation). We draw from the theoretical lens of socio-ecological systems to present nature as the key stakeholder for regenerative businesses. We make novel contributions to theory, practice, and policy by highlighting a new system-based paradigm of regenerative innovation for future resilient products and services.
A forwarding spoofing detection algorithm for Beidou navigation satellite system vulnerability
Authors: Xu Jiangtao , Guo Yajuan , Zhu Daohua , Sun Yunxiao , Huang Wei , Zhao Xindong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the Beidou navigation system's fast expansion in China, it is popular in military and civilian aspects. However, since the satellite orbit operates at an extremely high position and there is energy loss during the propagation process, the receiver only picks up a very faint signal, which makes the Beidou receiver very vulnerable to interference. The interference of the receiver is divided into natural interference and human interference, of which the human interference is particularly serious. Deception is commonly used in human interference. The deception interference detection technology in Beidou navigation system is studied in this research. Firstly, the signal in the signal capture stage is detected by multi-peak detection algorithm to determine the signal type. If it cannot be determined, the signal is detected by the half-peak full-width algorithm, so as to determine the signal type. In the stage of signal tracking, the Doppler shift of the spoofing signal is applied to determine whether the signal is spoofed or not. When the spoofing signal forwarding delay is set to 0.5 and 1 chip respectively, the full width of half peak is 8.56 and 11.35 after fitting the main peak. If the half-peak full width exceeds the normal navigation signal, it indicates spoofing interference. The constructed model can effectively track downspoofing signals and improve the Beidou navigation system’s detection performance.
The influence of climate change on the $$\delta ^{18}\text {O}$$ and $$\delta ^{2}$$H signatures of meteoric waters in Europe and North America
Authors: Weisser Oliver , De Vleeschouwer David , Strauss Harald 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe isotopic composition of meteoric waters is mainly controlled by temperature and precipitation intensity. Due to the anthropogenic climate change, global temperature and precipitation patterns are changing significantly. This study investigates the influence of ongoing climate change on the $$\delta ^{18}\text {O}$$

δ
18

O

and $$\delta ^{2}$$

δ
2

H-signatures of meteoric waters. A spatial interpolation model, using $$\delta ^{18}\text {O}$$

δ
18

O

and $$\delta ^{2}$$

δ
2

H-data of the last 60 years for the regions of North America and Europe, reveals that the signatures in these regions become in average more negative over that a time span. At first glance, this observation is counter-intuitive, as the temperature effect predicts a more positive isotope composition with increasing temperature. By comparing the model with other models that simulate, for example, precipitation atmospheric pathways or glacial melting, we identified three processes, that could explain the observed negative trend. First and foremost, we emphasise a change in the $$\delta ^{18}\text {O}$$

δ
18

O

-and $$\delta ^{2}$$

δ
2

H-values of the source of the evaporating water. We suggest that the melting of the polar ice masses and the intensification of evaporation at high latitudes cause a reduction in the isotopic value of the generated water vapour. Another mechanism that could contribute to the described depletion in meteoric $$^{18}\text {O}$$

18

O

and $$^{2}\text {H}$$

2

H

is the intensification of precipitation events. A third process that probably only plays a minor role on a superregional scale is the general decrease of relative humidity over continents. Overall, we conclude that anthropogenic climate change has a major influence on the $$\delta ^{18}\text {O}$$

δ
18

O

and $$\delta ^{2}$$

δ
2

H signature of meteoric waters.
Biochar particle size contributions to soil chemical properties and nutrient content of degraded Ultisols and plant growth in Nsukka, southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Azuka  , Vincent Chukwuebuka , Ekette  , Ann Oluebube 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAgricultural productivity in the tropics is constrained by low soil nutrient contents and accelerated mineralization of soil organic matter. This study investigated the effects of biochar particle size on soil chemical properties and nutrient contents of degraded Ultisol in Nsukka, southeastern Nigeria. Three biochar particle sizes; < 0.25 mm, 0.25–0.50 mm and 0.50–1.00 mm were applied at 10 t/ha to 4 kg of soil. The soil-biochar mixture was watered to field capacity for one week after which maize (Orba super 2) was sown. 200 kg/ha of NPK 15–15-15 was added to the pots 2 weeks after germination. Agronomic parameters were collected throughout the experiment that lasted for 8 weeks. Soil samples were collected at the end of the experiment. The experiment was repeated without additional application of biochar and NPK fertilizer. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Genstat. Significant (p < 0.05) effect of biochar particle size on soil chemical properties investigated except Magnesium (Mg2+) and Aluminum (Al3+) were obtained. Soil pH improved from strongly acid (4.1) in the original soil to slightly acid (5.3) in soils amended with biochar of different particle sizes. Soil organic matter (SOM) increased by more than 100% in soils amended with biochar of different particle sizes relative to the original soil. Similarly, the results showed a significant (p < 0.05) residual effect of biochar particle size on soil chemical properties except for Al3+, Mg2+, cation exchange capacity (CEC), hydrogen (H+), and organic matter (OM). The residual effects showed that soil properties improved with increasing biochar particle sizes while the main effects of biochar particle sizes showed no consistent trend except for nitrogen. The results also showed a significant (p < 0.05) main and residual effects of biochar particle sizes on plant growth parameters investigated. The study concluded that biochar particle size could influence soil chemical properties and nutrient content, plant growth and productivity of degraded Ultisols especially in southeastern Nigeria.