bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review Article-Maternal Overweight /Obesity And Associated Risks
Authors: Godhia Meena L 
Published: February 2016

Obesity is a risk factor for wide number of health problems. These problems can be avoided by losing the excess weight thus maintaining a normal BMI. Obesity in pregnancy can have adverse impacts not only on maternal but fetal health also. The worldwide increase in obesity especially in women of reproductive age group is associated with several obstetric complications such as gestational diabetes, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia,etc. A healthy pre-pregnancy BMI and appropriate weight gain during pregnancy is considered to be a preventive strategy to avoid Ã‚Â these complications. Moreover maternal nutrition during pregnancy can have a direct impact on fetal health. Several strategies like pre-conception counseling, healthy lifestyle, educating young girls, weight loss prior to pregnancy etc. can be adopted. Screening of women before pregnancy and creating awareness is a key to limit the occurrences of such complications.
Xneza diidxazá: retos en la escritura del zapoteco del istmo vistos desde el texto teria
Authors: Pérez Báez Gabriela , Cata Víctor , Bueno Holle Juan José 
Published: February 2016

En este trabajo se presenta un relato contemporáneo titulado Teria, escrito por Víctor Cata en diidxazá, lengua zapoteca de la planicie costera del sureste de Oaxaca. Teria es la narración de una práctica ritual mortuoria de los zapotecos del Istmo en la cual se aprecia la continuidad y la preocupación de los zapotecos por escribir y narrar en su propio idioma. A través de este texto contemporáneo se muestran algunos de los retos que enfrenta la implementación del Alfabeto Popular para la escritura del Zapoteco del Istmo que, a pesar de tener una tradición larga de uso desde 1956, sigue presentando desafíos para quienes lo escriben y enseñan. Dichos retos están relacionados con la definición mismade lo que constituye una palabra en diidxazá. Este trabajo considera algunos criterios que pudieran permitir la homologación de la constitución de la palabra ortográfica —es decir de la unidad escrita entre dos espacios— para efectos de facilitar la creación literaria contemporánea en diidxazá y la difusión de textos como Teria. Para este propósito, se define el concepto de palabra ortográfica enconjunto con los conceptos de palabra fonológica y palabra gramatical.
Fosfato β-Tricálcico Monobloco no Tratamento de Fraturas Proximais do Úmero Cirúrgicas
Authors: Sarmento Marco , Martins Samuel , Monteiro Jacinto 
Published: February 2016

Introdução: As fraturas proximais do úmero são cada vez mais frequentes, com maior tendência para o seu tratamento cirúrgico, predominado a utilização da osteossíntese com placa e parafusos bloqueados. Pela falência mecânica e biológica, apesar da evolução deste tipo de implantes, a utilização de enxertos ósseos sintéticos passaram a ser uma opção.Material e Métodos: Num período de 96 meses, avaliámos os doentes com fraturas proximais do úmero, tratados cirurgicamente com placa e parafusos bloqueados e nos quais foi usado enxerto ósseo sintético de fosfato β-tricálcico. Avaliaram-se os resultados funcionais pelo arco de mobilidade e pelos exames radiográficos.Resultados: Nos 19 doentes avaliados, para um follow-up médio de 53 meses, obteve-se um arco de mobilidade com valores médio de abdução de 140º, flexão anterior de 142º, rotação externa de 37º e rotação interna com mão a L3, para um ângulo cefalo-diafisário de 136º.Discussão: A utilização de enxerto ósseo sintético de fosfato β-tricálcico permite a estabilização da redução após fixação das fraturas proximais do úmero estabilizadas com placa e parafusos bloqueados. Esta redução que se traduz na manutenção do ângulo cefalodiafisário, permite a obtenção de bons resultados funcionais como o demonstra o arco de mobilidade nos vários planos.Conclusão: O enxerto ósseo sintético de fosfato β-tricálcico deverá ser encarado como uma terapêutica auxiliar na osteossíntese extramedular das fraturas proximais do úmero, principalmente naquelas com maior dificuldade de manutenção da redução pela maior cominução do calcar medial.
Tribute to Nirbhaya (Fearless)
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rituparna 
Published: February 2016

We are happy to launch the first issue of the Journal Space and Culture, India.Â This first issue is a tribute to Nirbhaya (Fearless), who was brutally gang-raped and left in a â€˜vegetative stateâ€™ to die, who subsequently succumbed to her injuries on December 29, 2012. Alongside, we also pay our last respect to Chief Justice Jagdish Charan Verma (January 18, 1933 â€“ April 22, 2013), who headed the government-appointed panel, Justice Verma Committee that came out with the recommendations on enhancing womenâ€™s safety and security.The journal is very grateful to all the members of the editorial board for their strong commitment and support. We also thank the contributors of the first issue. We are committed to encourage young scholars and researchers to submit their theoretically informed original research, commentaries and reviews on any social issues of India and make an impact to the society.We understand that your research is very important to you - we guarantee global distribution accessible universally on-line and without any charge. We are in the process of obtaining International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) from ISSN UK centre, British Library. The journal will also be registered with the official Open Archives registry, UIUC OAI registry, Social Science Research Network (SSRN) and OAIster so that the articles are indexed within a globally distributed system of research databases. The journal will also contribute to certain Libraries participating in the LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) system to ensure a secure and permanent archive for the journal. In addition, content of the journal will be indexed by Google Scholar and other search engines and also will be registered with Index Copernicus and other indexing system.Looking forward to your valuable contributions! Happy reading!Thank you,Executive Editor, Space and Culture, India
Majuli at the Crossroads: A Study of Cultural Geomorphology
Authors: Sahariah Dhrubajyoti , Singha Kuleswar , Bora Diganta Kr , Kundu Sumit , Das Tapashi , Sen Suchibrata , Das Karabi , Mili Biju , Baruah Juri , Sarma Khagen , Saikia Mukheswar , Saikia Anup 
Published: February 2016

Although well established elsewhere, cultural geomorphology has not yet been well-grounded in Northeast India where a perceived dearth of studies in this sub-branch of geography exists. The Brahmaputra valley, which has a long physical and cultural history, is a unique laboratory, which offers opportunities to study anthropo-geomorphologic, achaeo-geomorphologic and cultural landscapes. The Majuli river island, ostensibly the largest island in the world, houses traditional art crafts and dances, despite being continually under the siege of a plethora of physical obstacles such as flooding, bank erosion, etc.. The present study aims at studying how the physical processes that constantly reshape the map of the island exert their influence on the socio-economic and cultural milieu of the region. The paper further analyses why despite all odds Majuli thrives and continues to preserve and maintain its rich natural and cultural heritage, in ways that are perhaps unparalleled in the region or even elsewhere in the globe.
Bilateral Strategies and Development Agenda
Authors: Goswami Chandrama 
Published: February 2016

The recent visit of the Chinese president, Xi Â Xinping, to India has great significance for both Â the countries. The relationship between India Â and China has always been one of distrust, Â especially after the collapse of the friendship Â attempt made by the then Prime Minister of Â India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, and Mao, Indiaâ€™s decision to allow Tibetâ€™s Dalai-Lama Â (who Beijing considers a dangerous separatist) Â to reside in India, and the Sino-Indian Border Â War which followed in 1962. The border Â dispute still continues with both countries Â contesting land along their border in Ladakh Â and Chinaâ€™s claim over Indiaâ€™s north-eastern Â province of Arunachal Pradesh. Indiaâ€™s concern Â also lies with the construction of the Chinese Â dam on the side of the River Brahmaputra. Each country is also skeptical about the otherâ€™s Â relationship with Third World countries. In Â Chinaâ€™s case, Indiaâ€™s developing relationships Â with countries in the Asia-Pacific, especially Â Japan and the US; and in Indiaâ€™s case, Chinaâ€™s relationship with Pakistan. The Manmohan Â Singh Government brought in new levels of Â India-American co-operation which troubled Â the Chinese, thinking that India would become a part of an American â€˜containmentâ€™ policy. Â Another cause of concern was when India Â tested the Agni-5 ICBM in April 2012, expanding Â the scope of Indiaâ€™s nuclear deterrent and Â bringing the whole of China in range for the Â first time. Narendra Modi was quite vocal about Â the territorial dispute with China during his Â campaign stating that China should give up its Â policy of expansion. This has however been Â considered as campaign trail rhetoric by Chinese foreign experts.
Creating Own Histories: Adolescent Girls in Mumbai’s Bastis-Use of Photography as a Tool of Documentation and Advocacy
Authors: De Amrita 
Published: February 2016

Expressing oneself is a fundamental right as enunciated in many international conventions and
national constitutions. Expressing oneself,however, is subject to other factors, namely, one’s
access to language, and means and platforms of expression. Marginalised groups have historically
been kept away from gaining, as well as creating, knowledge and language. Breaking out of deprivation for marginalised groups requires having a reference framework of their own stories that are accessible to their own people, as well as visible to the rest of the world as legitimate history. As Sheila Rowbotham (1973) says, “in order to create an alternative, an oppressed group must at once shatter the self-reflecting world which encircles it and, at the same time, project its own image onto history.... All revolutionary movements create their own ways of seeing.” (p. 27). This paper seeks to show Vacha’s work with adolescent girls who purport to express themselves and document their perspectives through photography. Girls form one of the most marginalised
sections of society, due to age and gender. Girls from deprived backgrounds contend with further
disabilities of caste and class. Their perspectives are seldom part of the collective consciousness of
their own communities, let alone enter mainstream discourses. Vacha uses photography as a useful tool for deprived girls to express and document their stories. Public exhibitions are used to take these images
to a wider audience.
Effect of Fracture Characteristics on Behavior of Fractured Shale-Oil Reservoirs by Cyclic Gas Injection
Authors: Wan T.. , Sheng J. J. , Soliman M. Y. , Zhang Y.. 
Published: February 2016

Summary
The current technique to produce shale oil is to use horizontal wells with multistage stimulation. However, the primary oil-recovery factor is only a few percent. The low oil recovery and abundance of shale reservoirs provide a huge potential for enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) process.
Well productivity in shale oil-and-gas reservoirs primarily depends on the size of fracture network and the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) that provides highly conductive conduits to communicate the matrix with the wellbore. The fracture complexity is critical to the well-production performance, and it also provides an avenue for injected fluids to displace the trapped oil. However, the disadvantage of gasflooding in fractured reservoirs is that injected fluids may break through to production wells by means of the fracture network. Therefore, a preferred method is to use cyclic gas injection to overcome this problem.
In this paper, we use a numerical-simulation approach to evaluate the EOR potential in fractured shale-oil reservoirs by cyclic gas injection. Simulation results indicate that the stimulated fracture network contributes significantly to the well productivity by means of its large contact area with the matrix, which prominently enhances the macroscopic sweep efficiency in secondary cyclic gas injection. In our previous simulation work, the EOR potential was evaluated in hydraulic planar-traverse fractures without considering the propagation of a natural-fracture network. In this paper, we examine the effect of fracture networks on shale oilwell secondary-production performance. The impact of fracture spacing and stress-dependent fracture conductivity on the ultimate oil recovery is investigated. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that cyclic gas injection has EOR potential in shale-oil reservoirs. This paper focuses on evaluating the effect of fracture spacing, the size of the fracture network, fracture connectivity (uniform and nonuniform), and stress-dependent fracture-network conductivity on well-production performance of shale-oil reservoirs by secondary cyclic gas injection.
Intensive Diabetes Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study 30-Year Follow-up
Authors:   The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Early initiation of intensive diabetes therapy aimed at achieving near-normal glycemia reduces the early development of vascular complications in type 1 diabetes. We now assess whether intensive therapy compared with conventional therapy during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) affected the incidence of cardiovascular disease over 30 years of follow-up.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The DCCT randomly assigned 1,441 patients with type 1 diabetes to intensive versus conventional therapy for a mean of 6.5 years, after which 93% were subsequently monitored during the observational Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. Cardiovascular disease (nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke, cardiovascular death, confirmed angina, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery revascularization) was adjudicated using standardized measures.

RESULTS
During 30 years of follow-up in DCCT and EDIC, 149 cardiovascular disease events occurred in 82 former intensive treatment group subjects versus 217 events in 102 former conventional treatment group subjects. Intensive therapy reduced the incidence of any cardiovascular disease by 30% (95% CI 7, 48; P = 0.016), and the incidence of major cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) by 32% (95% CI −3, 56; P = 0.07). The lower HbA1c levels during the DCCT/EDIC statistically account for all of the observed treatment effect on cardiovascular disease risk. Increased albuminuria was also independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Intensive diabetes therapy during the DCCT (6.5 years) has long-term beneficial effects on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes that persist for up to 30 years.
One-year outcome in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: comparison of lumboperitoneal shunt to ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Miyajima Masakazu , Kazui Hiroaki , Mori Etsuro , Ishikawa Masatsune 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is treated with cerebrospinal fluid shunting, and implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the current standard treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of VPSs and lumboperitoneal shunts (LPSs) for patients with iNPH.

METHODS
The authors conducted a prospective multicenter study of LPS use for patients with iNPH. Eighty-three patients with iNPH (age 60 to 85 years) who presented with ventriculomegaly and high-convexity and medial subarachnoid space tightness on MR images were recruited from 20 neurological or neurosurgical centers in Japan between March 1, 2010, and October 19, 2011. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 1 year after surgery, and the secondary outcome included scores on the iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS). A previously conducted VPS cohort study with the same inclusion criteria and primary and secondary end points was used as a historical control.

RESULTS
The proportion of patients who achieved a favorable outcome (i.e., improvement of at least 1 point in their mRS score) was 63% (95% CI 51%–73%) and was comparable to values reported with VPS implantation (69%, 95% CI 59%–78%). Using the iNPHGS, the 1-year improvement rate was 75% (95% CI 64%–84%) and was comparable to the rate found in the VPS study (77%, 95% CI 68%–84%). The proportion of patients experiencing serious adverse events (SAEs) and non-SAEs did not differ significantly between the groups at 1 year after surgery (SAEs: 19 [22%] of 87 LPS patients vs 15 [15%] of 100 VPS patients, p = 0.226; non-SAEs: 24 [27.6%] LPS patients vs 20 [20%] VPS patients, p = 0.223). However, shunt revisions were more common in LPS-treated patients than in VPS-treated patients (6 [7%] vs 1 [1%]).

CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy and safety rates for LPSs with programmable valves are comparable to those for VPSs for the treatment of patients with iNPH. Despite the relatively high shunt failure rate, an LPS can be the treatment of choice because of its minimal invasiveness and avoidance of brain injury.
Values and emotions in children’s audiovisual fictional narratives
Authors: Aierbe-Barandiaran Ana , Oregui-González Eider 
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study is to identify which values and emotions are transmitted in the favorite fictional TV programs of children aged between 8 and 12, according to their particular type of structure. Based on the analysis of media consumption reported by participants and their parents, as well as the ratings of children's fictional programs, two fictional programs were selected for this age group (Doraemon and Code Lyoko, with a narrative and non-narrative structure, respectively), and a content analysis of 86 episodes was conducted and validated by inter-rater agreement. The results show that a wide range of ethical and competence-based values are conveyed by both programs, although greater emphasis is placed on life-skill values, with aesthetic and transcendental values hardly being represented at all. While more complex emotions and some basic emotions (surprise, anger, happiness and fear) were found to be present in Code Lyoko, sadness was present to a greater extent in Doraemon. The results reveal that the level of empathy represented by the characters in both series is low, although it is slightly higher in Code Lyoko. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that it provides a useful method for measuring the appropriateness of media content in relation to the psychological characteristics of children, and contributes to establishing a solid basis for media literacy programs from early childhood.El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los valores y emociones que se transmiten en los programas televisivos preferidos de niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años, de acuerdo al tipo de estructura. Sobre la base del análisis del consumo mediático referido por los participantes y sus progenitores, así como los índices de audiencia de los programas de ficción infantil, se seleccionaron dos series de ficción televisiva para este grupo de edad («Doraemon» y «Código Lyoko», de estructura narrativa y no-narrativa respectivamente), y se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de 86 episodios que fue validado por acuerdo inter-jueces. Los resultados muestran que en ambos programas se exhiben una amplia gama de valores éticos y competenciales, sobre todo valores vitales, mientras que los valores estéticos y trascendentales apenas son representados. Por otra parte, en «Código Lyoko» tienen mayor presencia las emociones complejas y algunas emociones básicas (asombro, ira, alegría y miedo), sin embargo la tristeza aparece en mayor medida en «Doraemon». Destaca que el nivel de empatía representada en los personajes es bajo en ambas series, aunque ligeramente más elevado en «Código Lyoko». La relevancia del estudio radica en el hecho de proveer un procedimiento útil para medir la idoneidad de los contenidos mediáticos respecto a las características psicológicas de la infancia, y contribuir a fundamentar con base sólida los programas de competencia mediática desde las primeras edades.
Le monstre : un concept stratégique dans l’ Histoire naturelle de Buffon
Authors: Nouailles Bertrand 
Published: February 2016

L’usage que fait Buffon du concept de monstre dans son Histoire naturelle générale et particulière de la nature peut présenter un problème pour sa méthode, qui met en avant l’observation précise et la comparaison, car il est difficile d’observer objectivement un monstre et de pouvoir le comparer. Cette difficulté n’est nullement insurmontable pour la méthode de Buffon, qui assoit le monstre comme un fait de la nature. Le fait du monstre est ainsi décisif pour lui permettre de défendre l’idée que la « vue » de la nature qu’il donne est une vue générale saisissant bien la réalité même de la nature.
Spontaneous ventral spinal epidural hematoma in a child: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ratre Shailendra , Yadav Yadram , Choudhary Sushma , Parihar Vijay 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSpontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is very uncommon cause of spinal cord compression. It is extremely rare in children and is mostly located in dorsal epidural space. Ventral spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is even rarer, with only four previous reports in childrens. We are reporting fifth such case in a 14 year old male child. He presented with history of sudden onset weakness and sensory loss in both lower limbs with bladder bowel involvment since 15 days. There was no history of trauma or bleeding diasthesis. On clinical examination he had spastic paraplegia.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of dorsal spine was suggestive of ventral spinal epidural hematoma extending from first to sixth dorsal vertebrae. Laminectomy of fourth and fifth dorsal vertebrae and complete evacuation of hematoma was done on the same day of admission. Postoperatively the neurological status was same.
On the thermal gradient in the Earth's deep interior
Authors: Tirone M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Temperature variations in large portions of the mantle are mainly controlled by the reversible and irreversible transformation of mechanical energy related to pressure and viscous forces into internal energy along with diffusion of heat and chemical reactions. The simplest approach to determine the temperature gradient is to assume that the dynamic process involved is adiabatic and reversible, which means that entropy remains constant in the system. However, heat conduction and viscous dissipation during dynamic processes effectively create entropy. The adiabatic and non-adiabatic temperature variation under the influence of a constant or varying gravitational field are discussed in this study from the perspective of the Joule–Thomson (JT) throttling system in relation to the transport equation for change of entropy. The JT model describes a dynamic irreversible process in which entropy in the system increases but enthalpy remains constant (at least in an equipotential gravitational field). A comparison is made between the thermal gradient from the JT model and the thermal gradient from two models, a mantle convection and a plume geodynamic model, coupled with thermodynamics including a complete description of the entropy variation. The results show that the difference is relatively small and suggests that thermal structure of the asthenospheric mantle can be well approximated by an isenthalpic model when the formulation includes the effect of the gravitational field. For non-dynamic or parameterized mantle dynamic studies, the JT formulation provides a better description of the thermal gradient than the classic isentropic formulation.