bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Management for Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: The Evidence
Authors: Ko Sang-Bae , Yoon Byung-Woo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic types). In the hyperacute phase, a majority of patients shows an elevated blood pressure (BP) at the time of presentation because of sympathetic hyperactivity or a physiological response to tissue ischemia. Therefore, BP may decrease spontaneously in a few hours and may drop further when complete recanalization is achieved. In stroke guidelines, an elevated BP is usually left untreated up to a systolic BP (SBP) of 220 mm Hg and a diastolic BP of 120 mm Hg. This recommendation is based on the BP level that corresponds to the upper limit of the pressure autoregulation zone above which cerebral blood flow is directly dependent on BP. However, in patients in whom administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator is indicated, BP should be controlled to a level < 185/110 mm Hg before infusion and should be maintained at levels < 180/105 mm Hg to limit the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In cases where endovascular thrombectomy is considered, the optimal intra- and postprocedural BP target have not yet been clearly identified. Expert opinion recommends that intraprocedural BP reduction could be associated with a risk of poor outcomes, and therefore, SBP may be reduced only to 120 to 140 mm Hg after successful reperfusion therapy. However, this recommendation is primarily based on observational studies and requires validation in prospective trials. It has been observed that in patients presenting with an ICH, there is no perihematomal penumbra noted and rapid BP reduction is generally well tolerated without a risk of neurological worsening. Multiple trials describing acute reduction of BP recommend SBP reduction only to 140 mm Hg because while there is no benefit of better functional outcomes below that level, there exists a definite risk of increased renal complications.
Rheuma und Ochronose (Alkaptonurie)
Authors: Dischereit Gabriel , Lange Uwe 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Ochronose ist eine Folge der seltenen, autosomal-rezessiv vererbten Stoffwechselerkrankung Alkaptonurie (hereditäre Form) oder wird durch chronische Intoxikation mit Phenol, Hydrochinon, karbolsäurehaltigen Externa oder Antimalariamittel ausgelöst (exogene Form). Durch einen enzymatischen Defekt im Phenylalanin- und Thyrosinabbau reichert sich, bei der hereditären Form, Homogentisinsäure im Organismus an. Diese akkumuliert nach Oxidation als polymerer, chinoider Farbstoff in kollagenreichem Bindegewebe und führt dort zu Verfärbung und Degeneration. Insbesondere Sehnen, Knorpel, Knochen, Bandscheiben, Skleren und Gehörknöchelchen, aber auch Herzklappen und Koronargefäße sind betroffen. Eine Bestimmung der Homogentisinsäure im Urin sichert die Diagnose, die zugrundeliegende Störung kann molekular-genetisch nachgewiesen werden. Eine kausale Therapie der hereditären Form ist derzeit nicht bekannt, rein symptomatisch orientierte Therapiemaßnahmen stehen daher im Vordergrund.
Borderline-Behandlung bei Patienten mit transversalem Defizit
Authors: Wendl Brigitte , Winsauer Heinz , Walter Andre , Muchitsch Alfred , Jakse Norbert 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungEine Behandlung transversaler Oberkieferdefizite im Erwachsenenalter mit herkömmlichen Expansionsgeräten ist aufgrund der möglichen parodontalen Schädigung oft schwer durchführbar. Chirurgische Verfahren (SARME=surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion oder Segment-LeFort-I-Operationen) werden bei abgeschlossenem Wachstum erfolgreich eingesetzt. Einige Patienten lehnen aber eine Operation in Allgemeinnarkose ab. Alternativ gibt es Möglichkeiten auch im Erwachsenenalter mit weniger invasivem Vorgehen eine transversale Oberkieferkorrektur durchzuführen. Dies wird anhand zweier Patientenbeispiele demonstriert.
Erfolgskriterien für die Verankerung mit Minischrauben
Authors: Köstenberger Herwig , Jakse Norbert , Wendl Brigitte , Pichelmayer Magit 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungMinischrauben sind Mittel der Wahl, wenn maximale temporäre Verankerung gefordert wird. Compliance-Unabhängigkeit, niedrige Kosten und eine hohe Erfolgsrate machen diese Systeme klinisch so relevant. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Nachuntersuchung von 246 gesetzten Minischrauben. Diese waren monokortikal ohne Vorbohrung gesetzt und kieferorthopädisch sowohl direkt als auch indirekt belastet worden. Die statistische Auswertung ergab eine Erfolgsrate von 87,8%. Hauptgrund für einen vorzeitigen Minischraubenverlust waren mangelnde Hygiene und Inflammationen der umgebenden Gewebe. Im klinischen Alltag sind Minischrauben eine gute Alternative zu klassischen Verankerungskonzepten.
Psychologische Therapie in der Geriatrie
Authors: Mix Stefan , Lämmler Gernot 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungIm multiprofessionellen rehabilitativen Behandlungskonzept in der Geriatrie sind Psychologen fest integriert. Die Gefährdung der
Selbstständigkeit durch Multimorbidität und vielfältige Funktionsverluste bringt einen Bedarf an psychotherapeutischer Unterstützung der
Krankheitsbewältigung mit sich. Die Diagnostik und Behandlung älterer Menschen mit zerebralen Schädigungen, neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen
oder affektiven Störungen stellt vielfältige Anforderungen an Psychologen. Auf der Basis einer fundierten Qualifikation mit Kenntnissen über
die Auswirkungen neurologischer Erkrankungen im Alter leisten Psychologen – insbesondere Klinische Neuropsychologen – bei verschiedenen
Indikationen einen wichtigen therapeutischen Beitrag zur Wiedererlangung von Selbstständigkeit oder zur Akzeptanz eines Lebens mit
Funktionseinschränkungen.
Medikationsmanagement bei Polypharmazie im Alter
Authors: Arnold Tim 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDer ältere Mensch stellt für den behandelnden Arzt eine große Herausforderung dar. Er unterscheidet sich nicht nur im Hinblick auf zahlreiche
altersphysiologische Unterschiede von übrigen Patienten sondern auch aufgrund der möglicherweise bestehenden Komorbiditäten. Durch
physiologische Altersveränderungen kommt beim älteren Patienten insbesondere den Verteilungsvolumina eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Werden
ältere, multimorbide Patienten leitliniengerecht behandelt, geht dies meist mit einer Polypharmazie einher, die letztlich zu einer
unüberschaubaren Anzahl an einzunehmenden Medikamenten führt. Damit steigen die Risiken unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen, welche bei über
der Hälfte der 75-Jährigen als vermeidbar eingeschätzt werden. Im Rahmen der kritischen Prüfung eines medikamentösen Behandlungsplans sollte
daher an erster Stelle die Frage nach der Fähigkeit des Patienten stehen, die verordnete Medikation auch korrekt einnehmen zu können. Bei
der Dosisfindung kommt der Bestimmung der Nierenfunktion eine große Bedeutung zu. Zur Verbesserung der Verträglichkeit sollte bei älteren
Patienten eine niedrige Anfangsdosis gewählt und eine langsame Dosissteigerung vorgenommen werden. Zur Optimierung der Arzneimitteltherapie
bei älteren Menschen empfehlen sich Checklisten, die beim älteren Menschen zu vermeidende und mit Vorsicht anzuwendende Arzneimittel
aufzeigen. Auch Fachgesellschaften haben im Rahmen der Choosing-wisely-Kampagne Negativempfehlungen entwickelt. Momentan existiert kein
Goldstandard, eine Kombination verschiedener individueller Ansätze bilden jedoch die Grundlage zum Management von Polypharmazie.
Die Prävalenz von Zahnfehlanlagen bei Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspaltpatienten
Authors: Schenz Natalie , Castegnaro Mattia , Schmid Johanna , Popovscaia Marina , Crismani Adriano 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungZahnfehlanlagen treten bei Patienten mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten (LKG-Spalten) vermehrt und speziell im Bereich der lateralen Schneidezähne auf. Ziel der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie war es, die Patienten mit LKG-Spalten, die an der Universitätsklinik Innsbruck in Behandlung sind, auf Zahn-Anomalien zu untersuchen. Nach Anwendung der Ausschlusskriterien wurden 86 Patienten in die Studie einbezogen und in 4 Gruppen eingeteilt: unilaterale LKG-Spalten links (ULCLP), unilaterale LKG-Spalten rechts (URCLP), bilaterale LKG-Spalten (BCLP) und reine Gaumenspalten (CP). Alle Panoramaröntgenaufnahmen bzw. wenn vorhanden DVT oder CT sowie intraorale Fotos wurden auf Nichtanlagen sowie überzählige und dysmorphe Zähne untersucht. In den Gruppen ULCLP und BCLP war bei 50% bzw. 56,5% der Patienten zumindest ein Zahn im Spaltbereich nicht angelegt, während in der Gruppe URCLP durch die geringe Patientenzahl keine bedeutsame Aussage getroffen werden konnte. Außerhalb des Spaltbereichs war bei durchschnittlich 33,7% der Patienten zumindest ein Zahn nicht angelegt, wobei vor allem die zweiten Prämolaren betroffen waren.
Rentierism and security privatisation in the Nigerian petroleum industry: assessment of oil pipeline surveillance and protection contracts
Authors: Adibe Raymond , Nwagwu Ejikeme , Albert Okorie 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARY
This briefing examines rentierism and security privatisation in the Nigerian petroleum industry. It demonstrates how the awarding of oil pipeline surveillance and protection contracts, with little attention to organisational capacity of applicant companies, resulted in widespread discontent among militias and groups not recognised or rewarded by a contract. These groups then intensified attacks on oil infrastructures in the post-amnesty era. The authors' findings endorse the government's 2015 decision to terminate the contracts, while they recommend transparent and democratic management of oil wealth as a long-term solution to human insecurity in the Niger Delta.
Mindfulness and resonance in an era of acceleration: a critical inquiry
Authors: Kristensen Mette Lund 
Published: December 2017

The paper emerges from the trend toward a commodification of mindfulness practices, known as McMindfulness. Drawing on a critique of late-modern temporality, the paper examines the use of mindfulness practices as a remedy for the consequences of societal acceleration. However, the paper suggests that mindfulness practices risk reinforcing the problems they were expected to solve. Against the backdrop of the notion of resonance, the paper suggests a non-instrumental path for mindfulness practices, which have the potential to counterbalance the acceleration in social and working life and to provide the basis for the good life by assisting experiences of resonant relationships. However, the institutionalized capitalistic logic that permeates societal acceleration challenges legitimation of such mindfulness-based experiences of resonance. Therefore, the paper advocates more humanistic logic that embraces deeply rooted universal human capacities and needs for attention, awareness, relationality, and caring.
DeepSig: deep learning improves signal peptide detection in proteins
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Martelli Pier Luigi , Fariselli Piero , Casadio Rita 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMotivationThe identification of signal peptides in protein sequences is an important step toward protein localization and function characterization.ResultsHere, we present DeepSig, an improved approach for signal peptide detection and cleavage-site prediction based on deep learning methods. Comparative benchmarks performed on an updated independent dataset of proteins show that DeepSig is the current best performing method, scoring better than other available state-of-the-art approaches on both signal peptide detection and precise cleavage-site identification.Availability and implementationDeepSig is available as both standalone program and web server at https://deepsig.biocomp.unibo.it. All datasets used in this study can be obtained from the same website.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multiple hot-deck imputation for network inference from RNA sequencing data
Authors: Imbert Alyssa , Valsesia Armand , Le Gall Caroline , Armenise Claudia , Lefebvre Gregory , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Viguerie Nathalie , Villa-Vialaneix Nathalie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMotivationNetwork inference provides a global view of the relations existing between gene expression in a given transcriptomic experiment (often only for a restricted list of chosen genes). However, it is still a challenging problem: even if the cost of sequencing techniques has decreased over the last years, the number of samples in a given experiment is still (very) small compared to the number of genes.ResultsWe propose a method to increase the reliability of the inference when RNA-seq expression data have been measured together with an auxiliary dataset that can provide external information on gene expression similarity between samples. Our statistical approach, hd-MI, is based on imputation for samples without available RNA-seq data that are considered as missing data but are observed on the secondary dataset. hd-MI can improve the reliability of the inference for missing rates up to 30% and provides more stable networks with a smaller number of false positive edges. On a biological point of view, hd-MI was also found relevant to infer networks from RNA-seq data acquired in adipose tissue during a nutritional intervention in obese individuals. In these networks, novel links between genes were highlighted, as well as an improved comparability between the two steps of the nutritional intervention.Availability and implementationSoftware and sample data are available as an R package, RNAseqNet, that can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An automated benchmarking platform for MHC class II binding prediction methods
Authors: Andreatta Massimo , Trolle Thomas , Yan Zhen , Greenbaum Jason A , Peters Bjoern , Nielsen Morten 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Computational methods for the prediction of peptide-MHC binding have become an integral and essential component for candidate selection in experimental T cell epitope discovery studies. The sheer amount of published prediction methods—and often discordant reports on their performance—poses a considerable quandary to the experimentalist who needs to choose the best tool for their research.

Results
With the goal to provide an unbiased, transparent evaluation of the state-of-the-art in the field, we created an automated platform to benchmark peptide-MHC class II binding prediction tools. The platform evaluates the absolute and relative predictive performance of all participating tools on data newly entered into the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) before they are made public, thereby providing a frequent, unbiased assessment of available prediction tools. The benchmark runs on a weekly basis, is fully automated, and displays up-to-date results on a publicly accessible website. The initial benchmark described here included six commonly used prediction servers, but other tools are encouraged to join with a simple sign-up procedure. Performance evaluation on 59 data sets composed of over 10 000 binding affinity measurements suggested that NetMHCIIpan is currently the most accurate tool, followed by NN-align and the IEDB consensus method.

Availability and implementation
Weekly reports on the participating methods can be found online at: http://tools.iedb.org/auto_bench/mhcii/weekly/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genome U-Plot: a whole genome visualization
Authors: Gaitatzes Athanasios , Johnson Sarah H , Smadbeck James B , Vasmatzis George 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The ability to produce and analyze whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from samples with structural variations (SV) generated the need to visualize such abnormalities in simplified plots. Conventional two-dimensional representations of WGS data frequently use either circular or linear layouts. There are several diverse advantages regarding both these representations, but their major disadvantage is that they do not use the two-dimensional space very efficiently. We propose a layout, termed the Genome U-Plot, which spreads the chromosomes on a two-dimensional surface and essentially quadruples the spatial resolution. We present the Genome U-Plot for producing clear and intuitive graphs that allows researchers to generate novel insights and hypotheses by visualizing SVs such as deletions, amplifications, and chromoanagenesis events. The main features of the Genome U-Plot are its layered layout, its high spatial resolution and its improved aesthetic qualities. We compare conventional visualization schemas with the Genome U-Plot using visualization metrics such as number of line crossings and crossing angle resolution measures. Based on our metrics, we improve the readability of the resulting graph by at least 2-fold, making apparent important features and making it easy to identify important genomic changes.

Results
A whole genome visualization tool with high spatial resolution and improved aesthetic qualities.

Availability and implementation
An implementation and documentation of the Genome U-Plot is publicly available at https://github.com/gaitat/GenomeUPlot.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Artemisinin Therapy for Malaria in Hemoglobinopathies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sugiarto Sri Riyati , Moore Brioni R , Makani Julie , Davis Timothy M E 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Artemisinin derivatives are widely used antimalarial drugs. There is some evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies that hemoglobinopathies may alter their disposition and antimalarial activity. This review assesses relevant data in α-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (SCD), β-thalassemia and hemoglobin E. There is no convincing evidence that the disposition of artemisinin drugs is affected by hemoglobinopathies. Although in vitro studies indicate that Plasmodium falciparum cultured in thalassemic erythrocytes is relatively resistant to the artemisinin derivatives, mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) are much lower than in vivo plasma concentrations after recommended treatment doses. Since IC50s are not increased in P. falciparum cultures using SCD erythrocytes, delayed post-treatment parasite clearance in SCD may reflect hyposplenism. As there have been no clinical studies suggesting that hemoglobinopathies significantly attenuate the efficacy of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in uncomplicated malaria, recommended artemisinin doses as part of ACT remain appropriate in this patient group.
Deprescribing in Older Nursing Home Patients: Focus on Innovative Composite Measures for Dosage Deintensification
Authors: Aspinall Sherrie L , Hanlon Joseph T , Niznik Joshua D , Springer Sydney P , Thorpe Carolyn T 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Deprescribing, which includes stopping or reducing the dosage of medications, is designed to improve safety and prevent adverse drug reactions in older patients. To date, there has been limited work on measuring decreases in dosage intensity, or deintensification, across therapeutic classes of medications. Given the ongoing focus on central nervous system (CNS) medications and the frequency with which providers encounter hypertension and diabetes in older nursing home patients, the objective of this expert review is to describe and critique innovative composite dosage intensity measures that have been, or could be, applied to quantify deintensification within three therapeutic medication targets commonly encountered in nursing home patients: CNS agents, antihypertensive therapy, and antidiabetic therapy and the extent to which they are associated with health outcomes. Composite measures for CNS medication intensity considered dividing a patient’s daily dose by defined daily dosage (DDD), or the minimum effective adult or geriatric daily dosage. In contrast, composite measures for antihypertensives used either DDD or maximum recommended daily dosage in the denominator. We were not able to identify any composite measure of intensity for antidiabetic classes. There was a paucity of interventional studies that showed reducing the dosage intensity resulted in improved health outcomes. In conclusion, we identified several innovative composite measures of dosage intensity for CNS and antihypertensive medications, and discussed possible approaches for developing an antidiabetic regimen composite measure. It is critical for future research to compare and contrast various measures and to determine their impact on important clinical outcomes.
Systematic genetic interaction studies identify histone demethylase Utx as potential target for ameliorating Huntington’s disease
Authors: Song Wan , Zsindely Nóra , Faragó Anikó , Marsh J Lawrence , Bodai László 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by alterations in the huntingtin gene (htt). Transcriptional dysregulation is an early event in HD progression. Protein acetylation and methylation particularly on histones regulates chromatin structure thereby preventing or facilitating transcription. Although protein acetylation has been found to affect HD symptoms, little is known about the potential role of protein methylation in HD pathology. In recent years, a series of proteins have been described that are responsible for methylating and demethylating histones as well as other proteins. We carried out systematic genetic interaction studies testing lysine and arginine methylases and demethylases in a Drosophila melanogaster HD model. We found that modulating methylation enzymes that typically affect histone positions H3K4, H3K36 or H3K79 had varying effects on HD pathology while modulating ones that typically affect constitutive heterochromatin marks at H3K9 and H4K20 generally had limited impact on HD pathology. In contrast, modulating enzymes acting on the facultative heterochromatin mark at H3K27 had specific effects on HD pathology, with reduction of the demethylase Utx rescuing HTT-induced pathology while reducing Polycomb Repressive Complex2 core methylase components led to more aggressive pathology. Further exploration of the mechanism underlying the methylation-specific interactions suggest that these lysine and arginine methylases and demethylases are likely exerting their influence through non-histone targets. These results highlight a novel therapeutic approach for HD in the form of Utx inhibition.
The Problem of Democratic Dirty Hands: Citizen Complicity, Responsibility, and Guilt
Authors: de Wijze Stephen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper outlines and explores the problem of democratic dirty hands (DDH), the sui generis moral situation where democratic politicians justifiably violate both a cherished moral principle and the fundamental processes of democratic governance. Some recent contributions to the dirty-hands (DH) debate have argued that the principles of democratic governance render DDH impossible. The paper rejects this view as based on a misunderstanding of the minimal and necessary conditions for both DH and democratic overnance. However, DDH does raise interesting issues concerning the complicity of citizens with their politicians’ DH. Citizens are accessories to such acts and have a duty to contribute to the reparations for the victims of DDH. Furthermore, as citizens bear some responsibility for the moral violations that were done in their name, they properly ought to feel some of the moral pollution that these actions generated.