bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution maps of hunter-gatherer social networks reveal human adaptation for cultural exchange
Authors: Migliano Andrea Bamberg , Page Abigail , Gómez-Gardeñes Jesus , Viguier Sylvain , Dyble Mark , Thompson James , Chaudhary Nikhill , Salali Gul Deniz , Smith Daniel , Strods Janis , Latora Vito , Mace Ruth , Vinicius Lucio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAre interactions with unrelated and even unknown individuals a by-product of modern life in megacities? Here we argue instead that social ties among non-kin are a crucial human adaptation. By deploying a new portable wireless sensing technology (motes), we mapped social networks in Agta and BaYaka hunter-gatherers in unprecedented detail. We show that strong friendships with non-kin optimize the global efficiency of their social networks thereby facilitating cultural exchange, and that the adaptation for forming friendship ties appears early in development. The ability to extend networks and form strong non-kin ties may explain some human distinctive characteristics such as hypersociality and cumulative culture, and the tendency to exchange ideas with unrelated and unknown individuals in megacities and online social networks.One Sentence SummarySocial networks of two hunter-gatherer groups in Congo and the Philippines reveal that friendships are an ancestral adaptation for the exchange of information and culture.
MetaCycle: an integrated R package to evaluate periodicity in large scale data
Authors: Wu Gang , Anafi Ron C. , Hughes Michael E. , Kornacker Karl , Hogenesch John B. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSummary:Detecting periodicity in large scale data remains a challenge. Different algorithms offer strengths and weaknesses in statistical power, sensitivity to outliers, ease of use, and sampling requirements. While efforts have been made to identify best of breed algorithms, relatively little research has gone into integrating these methods in a generalizable method. Here we present MetaCycle, an R package that incorporates ARSER, JTK_CYCLE, and Lomb-Scargle to conveniently evaluate periodicity in time-series data.Availability and implementation:MetaCycle package is available on the CRAN repository (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MetaCycle/index.html) and GitHub (https://github.com/gangwug/MetaCycle).Contact:hogenesch@gmail.comSupplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Distinct stages in the recognition, sorting and packaging of proTGFα into COPII coated transport vesicles
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Schekman Randy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn addition to its role in forming vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the coat protein complex II (COPII) is also responsible for selecting specific cargo proteins to be packaged into COPII transport vesicles. Comparison of COPII vesicle formation in mammalian systems and in yeast suggested that the former employs more elaborate mechanisms for cargo recognition, presumably to cope with a significantly expanded repertoire of cargo that transits the secretory pathway. Using proTGFα, the transmembrane precursor of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), as a model cargo protein, we demonstrate in cell-free assays that at least one auxiliary cytosolic factor is specifically required for the efficient packaging of proTGFα into COPII vesicles. Using a knockout HeLa cell line generated by CRISPR/Cas9, we provide functional evidence showing that a transmembrane protein, Cornichon-1 (CNIH), acts as a cargo receptor of proTGFα. We show that both CNIH and the auxiliary cytosolic factor(s) are required for efficient recruitment of proTGFα to the COPII coatin vitro. Moreover, we provide evidence that the recruitment of cargo protein by the COPII coat precedes and may be distinct from subsequent cargo packaging into COPII vesicles.AbbreviationsCNIHCornichon
Long‐term safety and efficacy of dutasteride in the treatment of male patients with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Tsunemi Yuichiro , Irisawa Ryokichi , Yoshiie Hiromu , Brotherton Betsy , Ito Hisahiro , Tsuboi Ryoji , Kawashima Makoto , Manyak Michael ,   the ARI114264 Study Group
Published: February 2016

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia is an androgen‐induced pattern of progressive hair loss, which occurs in genetically predisposed people. This study aimed to determine long‐term safety, tolerability and efficacy of dutasteride 0.5 mg, an inhibitor of 5‐α‐reductase, in Japanese male patients with androgenetic alopecia. This was a multicenter, open‐label, prospective outpatient study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01831791, GSK identifier ARI114264) in which patients took dutasteride 0.5 mg p.o. once daily for 52 weeks. Primary end‐points included adverse event assessment, incidence of drug‐related adverse event and premature discontinuations. Secondary end‐points included hair growth, hair restoration and global improvement in hair. A total of 120 patients were enrolled, of whom 110 completed 52 weeks of treatment. Nasopharyngitis, erectile dysfunction and decreased libido were the most frequently reported adverse events and most adverse events were mild. Drug‐related adverse events were reported with an incidence of 17%, none of which led to study withdrawal. Hair growth (mean target area hair count at week 52), hair restoration (mean target area hair width at week 52) and global appearance of hair (mean of the median score at week 52) improved from baseline during the study. As a potential future treatment option for male androgenetic alopecia, dutasteride 0.5 mg exhibited long‐term safety, tolerability and efficacy within this study population.
Long‐term efficacy of endoscopic ligation plus cyanoacrylate injection with or without sclerotherapy for variceal bleeding
Authors: Chen Jie , Zeng Xiao Qing , Ma Li Li , Huang Xiao Quan , Tseng Yu Jen , Wang Jian , Luo Tian Cheng , Chen Shi Yao 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes and efficacy of continued ligation plus cyanoacrylate injection compared with those of combined ligation and sclerotherapy plus cyanoacrylate injection for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with concomitant esophageal and gastric varices.MethodsMedical records of the patients who were admitted for variceal bleeding due to liver cirrhosis were retrospectively reviewed and their related data was collected. The patients were divided into two groups, including the continued ligation plus cyanoacrylate injection group [the sclerotherapy (‐) group] and the combined ligation and sclerotherapy plus cyanoacrylate injection group [the sclerotherapy (+) group]. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted and log–rank test was used to compare the differences between the two groups.ResultsAltogether 125 patients were enrolled between 1 April 2004 and 31 December 2012. After a median follow‐up of 23.4 months, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in regard to variceal rebleeding (29.7% vs 47.5%, P = 0.097) and mortality (12.5% vs 14.8%, P = 0.879). Among patients with ascites the cumulative rebleeding rate was significantly lower in the sclerotherapy (‐) group (26.3% vs 59.4%, P = 0.020). A relapse of bleeding after the initial endoscopic therapy was an independent prognostic factor of rebleeding (P = 0.004). Portal thrombosis was an independent prognostic factor for mortality (P = 0.044).ConclusionNo superiority of combined ligation and sclerotherapy compared with continued ligation and cyanoacrylate injection for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding is observed.
Hydrologic Landscape Characterization for the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Leibowitz Scott G. , Comeleo Randy L. , Wigington Parker J. , Weber Marc H. , Sproles Eric A. , Sawicz Keith A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe update the Wigington et al. (2013) hydrologic landscape (HL) approach to make it more broadly applicable and apply the revised approach to the Pacific Northwest (PNW; i.e., Oregon, Washington, and Idaho). Specific changes incorporated are the use of assessment units based on National Hydrography Dataset Plus V2 catchments, a modified snowmelt model validated over a broader area, an aquifer permeability index that does not require preexisting aquifer permeability maps, and aquifer and soil permeability classes based on uniform criteria. Comparison of Oregon results for the revised and original approaches found fewer and larger assessment units, loss of summer seasonality, and changes in rankings and proportions of aquifer and soil permeability classes. Differences could be explained by three factors: an increased assessment unit size, a reduced number of permeability classes, and use of smaller cutoff values for the permeability classes. The distributions of the revised HLs in five groups of Oregon rivers were similar to the original HLs but less variable. The improvements reported here should allow the revised HL approach to be applied more often in situations requiring hydrologic classification and allow greater confidence in results. We also apply the map results to the development of hydrologic landscape regions.
Geochemistry and Sr‐Nd‐Pb Isotopes of the Granites from the Hashitu Mo Deposit of Inner Mongolia, China: Constraints on Their Origin and Tectonic Setting
Authors: Chengwu DING , Pan DAI , Leon BAGAS , Fengjun NIE , Sihong JIANG , Junhao WEI , Chengzhen DING , Pengfei ZUO , Ke ZHANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Hashitu molybdenum deposit is located in the southern part of the Great Hinggan Range, NE China. Molybdenum mineralization is hosted by and genetically associated with monzogranite and porphyritic syenogranite. Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopes of the intrusions show that the porphyritic syenogranite has initial87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70418–0.70952,εNd(t) values of 1.3 to 2.1 (t=143 Ma),206Pb/204Pb ratios of 19.191–19.573,207Pb/204Pb ratios of 15.551–15.572, and208Pb/204Pb ratios of 38.826–39.143. The monzogranite has initial87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70293–0.71305,εNd(t) values of 1.1 to 2.0 (t=147 Ma),206Pb/204Pb ratios of 19.507–20.075,207Pb/204Pb ratios of 15.564–15.596, and208Pb/204Pb ratios of 39.012–39.599. The calculated Nd model ages (TDM) for monzogranite and porphyritic syenogranite range from 866 to 1121 Ma and 795 to 1020 Ma, respectively. The granitic rocks in the Hashitu area have the same isotope range as granites in the southern parts of the Great Hinggan Range. The isotope composition indicates that these granites are derived from the partial melting of a juvenile lower crust originating from a depleted mantle with minor contamination by ancient continental crust. The integrating our results with published data and the Late Mesozoic regional tectonic setting of the region suggest that the granites in the Hashitu area formed in an intra‐continent extensional setting, and they are related to the thinning of the thickened lithosphere and upwelling of the asthenosphere.
Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia
Authors: BRAGIN Ivan V. , CHELNOKOV Georgy A. , CHUDAEV Oleg V. , KHARITONOVA Natalia A. , VYSOTSKIY Sergey V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStudied waters belong to warm (T=30–50°C), alkaline (pH=8.9–9.3), low mineralized (TDS<235 mg/l) Na–HCO3 or Na–SO4–HCO3 thermal waters with high content of SiO2 (up to 81 mg/l) and F (up to 3.9 mg/l), occur on modern volcano–tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote–Alin orogenic belt. Low 3He concentration as well as N2/O2 and N2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid. New rare earth element data constrain our understanding of water–rock interaction occurring in the water source region. Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from −71‰ to −136.1‰ and from −10.8‰ to −18.8‰ for δ2H and δ18O respectively. REE patterns reflect high pH, resultfing from water–rock interaction and oxidative conditions. Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na–K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8–131.1° C and 82.2–125.8°C respectively. Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient (∼45–50 K/km) define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote–Alin, area, where no present volcanic activity is registered.
Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction?
Authors: Kraus Shane W. , Voon Valerie , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo review the evidence base for classifying compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a non‐substance or ‘behavioral’ addiction.MethodsData from multiple domains (e.g. epidemiological, phenomenological, clinical, biological) are reviewed and considered with respect to data from substance and gambling addictions.ResultsOverlapping features exist between CSB and substance use disorders. Common neurotransmitter systems may contribute to CSB and substance use disorders, and recent neuroimaging studies highlight similarities relating to craving and attentional biases. Similar pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments may be applicable to CSB and substance addictions, although considerable gaps in knowledge currently exist.ConclusionsDespite the growing body of research linking compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) to substance addictions, significant gaps in understanding continue to complicate classification of CSB as an addiction.
An alternative interpretation of cellular ‘selfish spermatogonial selection’‐ clusters in the human testis indicates the need for 3‐D‐analyses
Authors: Pohl E. , Gromoll J. , Kliesch S. , Wistuba J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe ‘selfish spermatogonial selection’‐ model was proposed to explain the paternal age effect (PAE) of some congenital disorders associated with point mutations in male germ cells. According to this, spermatogonia carrying pathogenic mutations gain a selection advantage over non‐mutated spermatogonia which leads to an increased number of mutated spermatogonia and consequently spermatozoa over time. Recently, an immunohistochemical approach using the premeiotic marker melanoma antigen family A4 (MAGE A4) was undertaken by the Wilkie group to confirm the presence of microclones of putatively mutated spermatogonia in testes of elderly men. The objective of our study was the age‐dependent assessment of testes from men with normal spermatogenesis using MAGE A4 immunohistochemistry to identify and corroborate cellular clusters indicative for ‘selfish spermatogonial selection’ in our cohort. We analyzed testicular tissues obtained from men with normal spermatogenesis assigned to three age groups [(1) 28.8 ± 2.7 years; (2) 48.1 ± 1 years; (3) 71.9 ± 6.8 years, n/group = 8]. We could detect very similar distribution patterns of MAGE A4‐positive cells and the presence of several types of microclusters as reported previously. However, these cellular clusters, indicative for clonal expansion, were not only present in testes from elderly men but also in those from age group 1 and 2. Using graphical three‐dimensional modelling, we identified that cross‐section directions e.g. longitudinal sections might provoke misleading interpretation of spermatogonial clusters, in particular when the tissue processing is limited. Thus, appropriate fixation and embedding is needed for reliable analysis of testicular sections. We therefore propose a more careful interpretation of such spermatogonial clusters and recommend a 3‐D analysis to unequivocally determine ‘selfish spermatogonial selection’‐manifestations.
Ganglion cell layer measurements correlate with disease severity in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Garcia‐Martin Elena , Bambo Maria P. , Marques Marcia L. , Satue Maria , Otin Sofia , Larrosa Jose M. , Polo Vicente , Pablo Luis E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the thickness of the 10 retinal layers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a new segmentation technology of the Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to determine whether the thickness of specific layers predicts neurodegeneration or AD severity.MethodsPatients with AD (n = 150) and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 75) were analysed using the segmentation application prototype to automatically segment all retinal layers in a macular scan. Thicknesses of each layer were compared between patients with AD and controls, and between patients with disease durations of less than or at least 3 years. Associations between retinal layer thicknesses, disease duration and AD severity were evaluated.ResultsPatients with AD had reduced thickness in the retinal nerve fibre, ganglion cell, inner plexiform and outer nuclear layers (p < 0.05). The inner retinal layers were more affected in patients with long disease duration. Ganglion cell and retinal nerve fibre layer thicknesses were inversely correlated with AD duration and severity. Ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers thicknesses were predictive of axonal damage.ConclusionsThe segmentation application revealed ganglion cell and retinal layer atrophy in patients with AD compared with controls, especially in the inner layers of patients with long disease duration. Ganglion cell layer reduction was associated with increased axonal damage and may predict greater disease severity.
Toxic effects of melphalan, topotecan and carboplatin on retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Süsskind Daniela , Hagemann Ulrike , Schrader Merle , Januschowski Kai , Schnichels Sven , Aisenbrey Sabine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeClinical evidence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alterations after intra‐arterial (IAC) and intravitreal chemotherapy (IViC) of retinoblastoma has been reported. We, therefore, investigated the cellular toxic effects of melphalan, topotecan and carboplatin on the RPE in a cell culture model.MethodsThe effects of melphalan, carboplatin and topotecan on ARPE19 cell morphology were examined by phase contrast microscopy. Cell proliferation was quantified by BrdU incorporation, cell viability studied via MTS assays, and cell densities were estimated by Crystal Violet staining, and apoptosis induction studied via caspase 3/7‐activity assays after a 24‐hr incubation period. Staurosporine, media without fetal bovine serum, diluents of melphalan, carboplatin and topotecan were applied as positive and negative controls, respectively.ResultsWe observed a concentration‐dependent increase in the number and size of gaps in the ARPE19 cell layer with each drug. There was a significant decrease in proliferative activity and cell viability of RPE cells as well as an increase in apoptosis after 24 hrs culture in media supplemented with melphalan and topotecan. Carboplatin had comparable effects on cell proliferation and cell viability; however, no significant apoptotic impacts were observed. The three cytostatic drugs had insignificant effects on cell density measurements.ConclusionsMorphological monitoring and toxicity assays indicate a direct toxic effect of melphalan and the other two cytostatic drugs on ARPE19 cells. Thus, a direct toxic effect of melphalan in vivo after IAC or IViC on the RPE seems probable and may explain the clinical and angiographic RPE alterations observed in some retinoblastoma patients.
Higher burnout scores in paediatric residents are associated with increased brain activity during attentional functional magnetic resonance imaging task
Authors: de Andrade Anarella Penha Meirelles , Amaro Edson , Farhat Sylvia Costa Lima , Schvartsman Claudio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimBurnout syndrome is common in healthcare workers. We evaluated its prevalence in paediatric residents and investigated its influence on cerebral function correlations, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when they carried out an attentional paradigm.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive study involved 28 residents from the Department of Paediatrics at the University of São Paulo. The functional MRI was carried out while the residents completed the Stroop colour word task paradigm to investigate their attentional task performance. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied, and stress was assessed using the Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults and by a visual analogue mood scale.ResultsThe MBI subscales of depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion indicated that 53.1% of the residents had moderate or high burnout syndrome. The whole‐brain multivariate analysis showed positive correlations between the blood oxygenation level dependent effect and the MBI depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion indices in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which controls for anxiety.ConclusionIncreased brain activation during an attention task, measured using functional MRI, was associated with higher burnout scores in paediatric residents. This study provides a biological basis for the implementation of measures to reduce burnout syndrome at the start of residency training programmes.
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of BIIB023, an anti‐TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (anti‐TWEAK) monoclonal antibody
Authors: Galluppi Gerald R. , Wisniacki Nicolas , Stebbins Chris 
Published: February 2016

AimsTumour necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, using the population approach, and pharmacodynamics of BIIB023, an anti‐TWEAK monoclonal antibody, in healthy Chinese, Japanese and Caucasian volunteers.MethodsIn this single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, phase 1 study of BIIB023 in healthy volunteers, BIIB023 was administered by intravenous infusion (3 or 20 mg kg−1) on Day 1; follow‐up occurred through Day 71. BIIB023 serum concentration was measured using a validated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; BIIB023 concentration‐time data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using data from this study and a prior phase 1 study of BIIB023 in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. Soluble TWEAK and TWEAK:BIIB023 complex were evaluated.ResultsThere were no differences in BIIB023 pharmacokinetics requiring dose adjustment among the three ethnic groups or between healthy volunteers and arthritis patients. BIIB023 central compartment volume (3050 ml) and clearance (7.42 ml h−1) were comparable to those observed for other monoclonal antibody drugs. BIIB023 serum exposure increased in a dose‐dependent manner in all groups, but not in direct proportion to dose level; at concentrations below ~10 μg ml−1, nonlinear clearance was observed. Soluble TWEAK levels decreased to below the level of quantitation after BIIB023 treatment, with concomitant changes in TWEAK:BIIB023 complex levels.ConclusionsNo clinically meaningful differences were observed in BIIB023 pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in healthy Chinese, Japanese and Caucasian volunteers; pharmacodynamic measures suggested target engagement. TWEAK may be an attractive therapeutic target for lupus nephritis treatment.