bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean acidification does not alter grazing in the calanoid copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis
Authors: Hildebrandt Nicole , Sartoris Franz J. , Schulz Kai G. , Riebesell Ulf , Niehoff Barbara 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is currently under debate whether organisms that regulate their acid–base status under environmental hypercapnia demand additional energy. This could impair animal fitness, but might be compensated for via increased ingestion rates when food is available. No data are yet available for dominant Calanus spp. from boreal and Arctic waters. To fill this gap, we incubated Calanus glacialis at 390, 1120, and 3000 µatm for 16 d with Thalassiosira weissflogii (diatom) as food source on-board RV Polarstern in Fram Strait in 2012. Every 4 d copepods were subsampled from all CO2 treatments and clearance and ingestion rates were determined. During the SOPRAN mesocosm experiment in Bergen, Norway, 2011, we weekly collected Calanus finmarchicus from mesocosms initially adjusted to 390 and 3000 µatm CO2 and measured grazing at low and high pCO2. In addition, copepods were deep frozen for body mass analyses. Elevated pCO2 did not directly affect grazing activities and body mass, suggesting that the copepods did not have additional energy demands for coping with acidification, neither during long-term exposure nor after immediate changes in pCO2. Shifts in seawater pH thus do not seem to challenge these copepod species.
Phenomenological Approaches in the History of Ethnomusicology
Authors: Berger Harris M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Beginning in the late 1970s, ethnomusicologists began to engage with ideas from phenomenology (a movement within continental European philosophy). This article discusses key concepts from phenomenology and explores how ethnomusicologists developed them to address fundamental issues in the study of music and culture—the problem of musical meaning and musical interpretation, the nature of the performance event, and questions of music and being. Tracing the intellectual history of phenomenological ethnomusicology, the article synthesizes findings from research on a broad range of world areas and offers new insights into a variety of topics of interest to contemporary music scholars, including embodiment, self-reflexivity, flow and musical involvement, trance, time and temporality, and research methods. The article closes by discussing the explosion of phenomenological work in ethnomusicology that has occurred in the last seven years and suggests new directions for research, including ethnomusicological inquiry into the politics of music.
Risk of Opioid Abuse and Biopsychosocial Characteristics Associated With This Risk Among Chronic Pain Patients Attending a Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment Facility
Authors: Pagé M. Gabrielle , Saïdi Hichem , Ware Mark A. , Choinière Manon 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the proportion of patients referred to a multidisciplinary pain treatment facility at risk of opioid abuse, (2) examine biopsychosocial factors associated with this risk, and (3) compare patient outcomes 6 months later across risk of opioid abuse and type of treatment (opioids vs. no opioids).

Methods:
Participants were 3040 patients (mean age=53.3±14.7 y; female=56%) enrolled in the Quebec Pain Registry between July 2012 and May 2014. Patients answered self-report and nurse-administered questionnaires (pain and psychosocial constructs, Opioid Risk Tool, pain medication, etc.) before initiating treatment at the multidisciplinary pain treatment facility and 6 months later. Data were analyzed using the Pearson χ2 tests, multivariable binary logistic regression, and multivariate general linear model.

Results:
Results showed that 81%, 13%, and 6% of patients were at low, moderate, and severe risk of opioid abuse, respectively. Civil status, pain duration, mental health-related quality of life, and cigarette smoking were significantly associated with risk of opioid abuse (P<0.001). There was a significant interaction between risk of opioid abuse and type of treatment in predicting 6-month pain outcomes and quality of life.

Discussion:
Almost 20% of patients had a moderate/severe risk of opioid abuse; whether these patients were taking opioids or not for their pain, they had worse outcomes at follow-up. These results point to the importance of assessing risk of opioid abuse in chronic pain patients and to consider how this risk may impact on their clinical evolution.
Chronological Age and Risk of Chemotherapy Nonfeasibility:
Authors: Laurent Marie , Des Guetz Gaétan , Bastuji-Garin Sylvie , Culine Stéphane , Caillet Philippe , Aparicio Thomas , Audureau Etienne , Carvahlo-Verlinde Muriel , Reinald Nicoleta , Tournigand Christophe , Landre Thierry , LeThuaut Aurélie , Paillaud Elena , Canouï-Poitrine Florence 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
To assess nonfeasibility of adjuvant-modified FOLFOX6 chemotherapy in patients with stage II or III colorectal cancer.

Methods:
Consecutive patients managed between 2009 and 2013 in 2 teaching hospitals in the Paris urban area were included in the CORSAGE (COlorectal canceR, AGe, and chemotherapy fEasability study) cohort study. Nonfeasibility was defined by the frequencies of empirical first-cycle dose reduction (>15%), early discontinuation (<12 cycles), and low relative dose intensity (RDI) (<0.85). Risk factors for chemotherapy nonfeasibility were identified using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Among 153 patients, 56.2% were male (median age, 65.6 y; 35.3%≥70 y; 7.3% with performance status [PS]≥2). For 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 20.9% of patients had first-cycle dose reduction and 28.1% early discontinuation; RDI was 0.91 (25th to 75th percentiles, 0.68 to 0.99). Factors independently associated with first-cycle 5-FU dose reduction were aged 65 to 69 years versus those younger than 65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-19.9) but not age 70 years and older, PS≥2 (aOR, 6.02; 95% CI, 1.15-31.4), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (aOR1-point increase, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.05-1.82), or larger number of medications (aOR 1-medication increase, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.42). Oxaliplatin dose reduction occurred in 52.3% of patients and early discontinuation in 62.7%; the latter was more common in the 70 years and older group (92.6% vs. 74.6% in the <65-y group; P=0.01); RDI was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.55-0.88).

Conclusions:
In the real-world setting, compared with their younger and older counterparts, patients aged 65 to 69 years given modified FOLFOX6 for stage II or III colorectal cancer had higher frequencies of 5-FU nonfeasibility defined based on first-cycle dose reduction, early discontinuation, and RDI; and these differences were independent from PS, comorbidities, and number of medications.
Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Waqar Saiama N. , Boehmer Leigh , Morgensztern Daniel , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Sorscher Steven , Lawrence Steven , Gao Feng , Guebert Kalin , Williams Kristina , Govindan Ramaswamy 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Influenza leads to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy may not mount an adequate immune response to the vaccine. We performed this pilot study to evaluate the immunogenicity of influenza vaccination in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
During the 2011 to 2012 influenza season, patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid tumors were given trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine either on the day of chemotherapy (schedule A) or a week before chemotherapy (schedule B) by a single 0.5 mL injection in the deltoid muscle region. This was not a randomized trial. Hemagglutination inhibition assays were performed on blood samples from these patients taken at baseline, and 4 weeks postvaccination. Seroconversion rate (>4-fold increase in titers) and seroprotection rates (postvaccination titers of >1:40) were calculated for each vaccine component: influenza A (H1N1), A (H3N2) and B.

Results:
A total of 18 patients received influenza vaccination as part of this pilot study. Of these, 8 patients received the vaccine on schedule A and 10 patients received the vaccine on schedule B. Geometric mean titers against each strain significantly improved after vaccination for both groups, as measured by signed rank test. Seroconversion to at least 1 strain was observed in 75% of patients on schedule A, and 70% of patients vaccinated on schedule B. Seroprotection to at least 1 strain was observed in 100% of patients in the schedule A group, and 60% of patients vaccinated on schedule B. Seroconversion and seroprotection rates against the 3 influenza strains were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
Patients with nonhematological malignancies who are receiving chemotherapy mount an immune response to influenza vaccination. Timing of influenza vaccination in relation to chemotherapy does not seem to matter.
Evaluation of the Microvascular Blood Flow, Oxygenation, and Survival of Tarsoconjunctival Flaps Following the Modified Hughes Procedure
Authors: Memarzadeh Khashayar , Gustafsson Lotta , Blohmé Jonas , Malmsjö Malin 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
For the modified Hughes procedure, a tarsoconjunctival flap from the upper eyelid is used to reconstruct large, full-thickness, lower eyelid defects. The conjunctival pedicle is divided once vascularization is deemed to be adequate. The importance of maintaining a flap pedicle to ensure adequate perfusion of the graft has been questioned. The purpose of the study was to investigate the microvascular blood flow, oxygenation, and survival of a tarsoconjunctival flap in an experimental porcine model of the modified Hughes procedure.

Methods:
The modified Hughes procedure was performed in 9 pigs. Microvascular blood flow was measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. Tissue oxygenation was measured using a Licox system, and tissue survival was determined by analyzing histologic sections of biopsy specimens from the lower edge of the flap.

Results:
Blood flow and the oxygenation of the tissue decreased gradually during dissection and advancement of the tarsoconjunctival flap. At the time when the flap was sutured into place, there was virtually no blood flow or oxygenation of the tissue. However, flap survival did not seem to be compromised, as shown by the absence of pyknotic cell nuclei necrosis in the biopsy specimens, 12 hours after the procedure.

Conclusions:
The pedicle of the tarsoconjunctival flap does not seem to contribute to the nourishment of the tarsoconjunctival flap. Nourishment may be supplied by the rich vascularization of the remaining eyelid and tear film. If this is the case, single-stage grafting of a free tarsal plate may be performed, thus avoiding the eyelid-sharing stage of the procedure, without compromising the survival of the graft.
A systematic literature review of alcohol education programmes in middle and high school settings (2000-2014)
Authors: Dietrich Timo , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Schuster Lisa , Connor Jason P. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– Social marketing benchmark criteria were used to understand the extent to which single-substance alcohol education programmes targeting adolescents in middle and high school settings sought to change behaviour, utilised theory, included audience research and applied the market segmentation process. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– A systematic literature review retrieved a total of 1,495 identified articles; 565 duplicates were removed. The remaining 930 articles were then screened. Articles detailing formative research or programmes targeting multiple substances, parents, families and/or communities, as well as elementary schools and universities were excluded. A total of 31 articles, encompassing 16 qualifying programmes, were selected for detailed evaluation.Findings– The majority of alcohol education programmes were developed on the basis of theory and achieved short- and medium-term behavioural effects. Importantly, most programmes were universal and did not apply the full market segmentation process. Limited audience research in the form of student involvement in programme design was identified.Research limitations/implications– This systematic literature review focused on single-substance alcohol education programmes targeted at middle and high school student populations, retrieving studies back to the year 2000.Originality/value– The results of this systematic literature review indicate that application of the social marketing benchmark criteria of market segmentation and audience research may represent an avenue for further extending alcohol education programme effectiveness in middle and high school settings.
Implementing the health promoting school in Denmark: a case study
Authors: Nordin Lone Lindegaard 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into teachers’ practice in implementing school-based health promotion.

Design/methodology/approach
– This qualitative research was designed as a multiple case study. The study involved five schools, 233 pupils in the age 12-16 and 23 teachers. The primary data generation method were focus groups.

Findings
– According to the national guidelines the health education in primary schools in Denmark should be based on the critical approach to health education developed within the European Network of Health Promoting Schools. However, the study showed that teachers’ implementation of the guidelines in practice was closer to traditional health education, which focuses only lifestyle change, than to critical health education which also explores the underlying conditions for health.

Research limitations/implications
– The study explored teachers’ implementation practices, and the individual and institutional factors that influence the practice. This paper restricts itself to examining teachers’ practice against the national curriculum guidelines.

Practical implications
– The teachers were not sufficiently familiar with the curriculum guidelines or the critical approach to health education. The inclusion of the national curriculum and the principles of critical health education in the initial and in-service professional development of teachers is an urgent priority if this gap is to be reduced.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the debate related to the potentials and barriers for implementing of health promotion interventions in a school context.
Four drivers to enhance global virtual teams
Authors: Derven Marjorie 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of global teams.

Design/methodology/approach
– The objectives of this paper are to provide a practical, concise framework for organizations that are using or considering global virtual teams. Based on extensive consulting research and literature review, the paper describes how global virtual teams can use Diversity
&
Inclusion, structure and processes to promote desired outcomes.

Findings
– With globalization and skill shortages, global virtual teams are required to meet critical organizational objectives. Often these teams fall short of their promise, due to the complexity and lack trust and formal processes. This paper presents a framework to address these challenges.

Practical implications
– Global virtual teams can use the proposed framework presented in this paper to promote high performance in both results and relationships.

Originality/value
– This paper presents an original framework for optimal global team functioning.
Schneiderman, Perkins, and the early labor movement
Authors: Prieto Leon C. , Phipps Simone T. A. , Thompson Lemaro R. , Smith Xavier A. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to depict the pivotal role played by Rose Schneiderman and Frances Perkins in early twentieth-century labor and safety reform in the USA. The paper also examines the contributions made by these notable women through the lens of stakeholder theory and the feminist ethic of care.Design/methodology/approach– The review process commenced with a comprehensive search for women in history who advocated labor and safety reform and campaigned for safer organizational practices in the workplace. History books, academic journals and newspaper articles, including writings from Schneiderman and Perkins, were the main sources used for this research endeavor.Findings– Schneiderman and Perkins were both instrumental in playing a major role in fighting for labor and safety reform in the early twentieth century, albeit in different ways. Through their work, there was a heightened understanding of organizations’ duties and obligations to their stakeholders and, in particular, to their employees. They also embodied the feminist ethic of care by being attentive to the needs of others, accepting responsibility and demonstrating competence, while being responsive to their needs.Originality/value– The influential women in management history are often given scant recognition or not recognized at all. This article highlights the contributions of two women who greatly impacted labor and safety through their struggle for the improvement of working conditions in the USA. The originality of this manuscript also lies in the ethical perspective in which it is grounded.
Interactions between the green and brown food web determine ecosystem functioning
Authors: Zou Kejun , Thébault Elisa , Lacroix Gérard , Barot Sébastien 
Published: December 2015

Summary

The concepts of top‐down and bottom‐up controls are central to our understanding of cascading trophic effects on ecosystem functioning. Classical food web theory has focused either on food webs based on primary production (green food webs) or on food webs based on detritus (brown food webs) and generally ignored nutrient cycling.

We argue that nutrient cycling connects the two food webs, which questions the traditional concept of top‐down and bottom‐up controls.

By integrating these two food webs and nutrient cycling into simple models, we investigate the cascading effects from one food web to the other one. Both analytical calculations and simulations show that these two cascading effects depend on simple but distinct mechanisms that are derived from different ecological processes.

Predators of decomposers can affect primary production in the green food chain. The signs of these effects are determined by relative proportions of nutrient cycling within the brown food chain.

Cascading effects within the green food chain can affect decomposer production in a bottom‐up way. The carbon/nutrient limitation of decomposers determines the way the green food chain affects decomposer production.

These theoretical findings are applicable to explore real interactions and cascading effects between the green and the brown food webs, such as pelagic–benthic interactions or above‐ground–below‐ground interactions.
Is it worthwhile scaring geese to alleviate damage to crops? – An experimental study
Authors: Simonsen Caroline Ernberg , Madsen Jesper , Tombre Ingunn M , Nabe‐Nielsen Jacob 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Increasing population sizes of geese are the cause of numerous agricultural conflicts in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Scaring is often used as a tool to chase geese away from fields, either as a means to protect vulnerable crops or as part of goose management schemes to drive geese to accommodation areas. Geese are quick to habituate to stationary scaring devices; hence, active scaring by humans is often employed. However, it remains undocumented how much effort is required for active scaring to be effective.

We explored the relationship between intensity of active human scaring on field use and behaviour by geese. Using an experimental framework, we applied four different scaring doses per day (geese were scared either 2, 5, 7 or 10 times per day), to random pastures in a pink‐footed goose spring staging area in mid‐Norway, and recorded goose flock sizes, fleeing response distances, and average weekly goose densities assessed by dropping densities. In addition, we counted droppings in fields without scaring. We used mixed models to test for changes in the effects of different scaring doses over time and compared observed with predicted dropping levels.

Cumulative dropping densities increased at different rates depending on the scaring dose. Scaring dosage did not affect flock size and fleeing response distance during the study period, but both flock sizes and fleeing response distances changed with time.

Scaring dose 2 did not show any decrease in relative goose use compared to the fields without scaring, whereas doses 5, 7 and 10 all showed 74–78% fewer droppings by the end of the spring staging period, indicating a possible threshold between dose 2 and 5. The largest effect of scaring appeared during the first week of scaring.

Synthesis and applications. This study is the first to show a dose–response relationship between active scaring and field use of flocking geese. For individual farmers, the study provides guidance on the level of scaring effort needed to be cost‐effective. If implemented as part of a management scheme with subsidy/accommodation areas in combination with systematic and persistent scaring, it can be used as a tool to keep geese away from areas where they are not wanted, thereby assisting in the alleviation of goose–agriculture conflicts. The approach in this study can be adapted and used in a wider range of wildlife interactions with human economic interests.
Inhibition of macrophage‐derived foam cell formation by ezetimibe via the caveolin‐1/MAPK pathway
Authors: Qin Li , Yang Yun‐Bo , Yang Yi‐Xin , Zhu Neng , Liu Zheng , Ni Ya‐Guang , Li Shun‐Xiang , Zheng Xi‐Long , Liao Duan‐ Fang 
Published: December 2015

SummaryEzetimibe, a selective inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption, effectively reduces plasma cholesterol, but its effect on atherosclerosis is unclear. Foam cell formation has been implicated as a key mediator during the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ezetimibe on foam cell formation and explore the underlying mechanism. The results presented here show that ezetimibe reduces atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE‐/‐) mice by lowering cholesterol levels. Treatment of macrophages with Chol:MβCD resulted in foam cell formation, which was concentration‐dependently inhibited by the presence of ezetimibe. Mechanically, ezetimibe treatment downregulated the expression of CD36 and scavenger receptor class B1 (SR‐B1), but upregulated the expression of apoE and caveolin‐1 in macrophage‐derived foam cells, which kept consistent with our microarray results. Moreover, treatment with ezetimibe abrogated the increase of phospho‐extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and their nuclear accumulation in foam cells. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 attenuated the inhibitory effect of ezetimibe on the expression of p‐ERK1/2 and caveolin‐1. Taken together, these results showed that ezetimibe suppressed foam cell formation via the caveolin‐1/MAPK signalling pathway, suggesting that inhibition of foam cell formation might be a novel mechanism underlying the anti‐atherosclerotic effect of ezetimibe.